Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aestivation and diapause syndromes reduce the water balance requirements for pupae of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor

We report the water balance of aestivating (summer), diapausing (winter), and non‐diapausing pupae of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Maintaining water requirements during pupal dormancy is particularly important because water cannot be replenished actively by drinking. Dehydration tolerance (25% loss before succumbing to dehydration) and water content (63–65%) were not different for the three types of pupae. Differences were noted in the net transpiration rates (NTRs, % body water per hour at 0% r.h.) between dormant (0.24–0.28% per hour) and non‐diapausing (0.47% per hour) pupae 10 days after pupariation, but not between aestivating (0.28% per hour) and diapausing (0.24% per hour) pupae. These reduced NTRs result in extended pupal survival, indicated by adult eclosion, during exposure to dehydrating conditions. Net transpiration rates for aestivating and diapausing pupae were further reduced as dormancy progressed (up to 130 days) until individuals were moved to conditions that break dormancy. Pupae could not take up water from the atmosphere below vapor saturation (100% r.h. or 1.00 av), and rely upon contact with liquid water or moist plant tissue to replenish their water stores. The critical transition temperatures (CTT) of the aestivating and diapausing pupae were significantly higher than those of non‐diapausing pupae, suggesting that modified cuticular lipids are present on aestivating and diapausing pupae. Thus, aestivation and diapause trigger a dormancy specific water balance profile characterized by reduced NTRs and increased CTTs.
Tree Diseases and Disorders: Causes, Biology, and Control in Forest and Amenity Trees

1. Damage to flowers and seeds 2. Damage to seedlings and young plants 3. Damage to needles and leaves 4. Damage to buds, shoots and branches 5. Bark damage 6. Wilt diseases 7. Damage to the standing stem 8. Damage to fallen and felled timber 9. Epiphytes, symbionts and parasitic flowering plants 10. Changes in habit and growth abnormalities Spore tables Classification of fungi and lichens Latin-English names of woody plants Glossary Literature Index
Do Judicial Instructions Aid in Distinguishing Between Reliable and Unreliable Jailhouse Informants?

Jailhouse informants are a leading cause of wrongful convictions. In an attempt to preempt such miscarriages of justice, several states (e.g., Connecticut and California) have mandated that judicial instructions be provided to act as a safeguard against false testimony. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these instructions in helping jurors distinguish between reliable and unreliable jailhouse informants. Participants read a trial transcript that varied instructions (Standard, Connecticut, Enhanced) and informant reliability (reliable, unreliable). The results indicated that the instructions had no effect on verdict decisions. Even though verdicts did not vary, participants rated the unreliable informant as less trustworthy, honest, and interested in justice than the reliable informant. This is consistent with previous findings that indicate that participants are aware of the legal prescriptions given in the instructions, but they do not implement them in making decisions. Therefore, instructions may be an insufficient safeguard.
Ventilation in low energy residences – a survey on code requirements, implementation barriers and operational challenges from seven European countries

Abstract This paper reports the results of an interview survey conducted among different stakeholders involved in design, installation and operation of residential ventilation in seven European countries. In total 44 interviews were performed. The results provide a valuable snapshot of current practices and insights into potential barriers and challenges regarding installation of mechanical ventilation in low-energy residences to maintain high indoor air quality (IAQ). The results show that mechanical ventilation with heat recovery is becoming a common choice in new low energy residences in Europe. However, there are countries that apply airing or other types of ventilation such as mechanical exhaust or natural ventilation due to tradition, national legislation, climatic conditions and/or cost reasons. Demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) is often allowed or even recommended in standards, but rarely implemented in practice, except for exhaust-only humidity-based DCV in France and Belgium. The main barriers against mechanical ventilation seem to be high capital cost, space requirements and duct routing. The respondents commonly reported problems resulting from poor construction, lack of commissioning and/or maintenance. The main needs to be identified in the survey were more legislative pushes including more flexibility in legislation, a coordinated approach to energy efficiency and IAQ, and control mechanisms to ensure good implementation and operation.
Effects of Various Environmental Conditions on Pulcherrimin Production and Extracellular Enzyme Profiles of Metschnikowia pulcherrima

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of various stress conditions on pulcherrimin pigment secretion and extracellular enzyme profiles of isolated Metschnikowia pulcherrima yeast strains. In order to analyse the effects of heat stress and osmotic stress on pulcherrimin pigment synthesis, different temperatures and NaCl concentrations were used, respectively. The enzymatic profiles of M. pulcherrima yeast strains were determined by API-ZYM. The results indicated that the amount of pigment synthesis and the localization were changed depending on the growth conditions. All yeast strains showed a high leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucosidase activities.
Causality Effects among Gross Capital Formation, Unemployment and Economic Growth in South Africa

Stagnant economic growth, decreasing investment and high unemployment remain consistent macroeconomic challenges for South Africa. Gross Capital formation (GCF) is designed to improve employment and economic growth (GDP). This study investigates the causality effects of the three variables using time series data from 1980 to 2018 in a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) framework. Results of the first model reveal a positive long-term relationship between gross capital formation GCF and economic growth GDP. Contrariwise, the first model indicates that unemployment (UNEMP) does not influence economic growth (GDP) in the short run. The second model results reveal a significant and positive relationship between UNEMP and GCF, while the third model shows an inverse relationship between GDP and UNEMP. Based on these findings, the study therefore recommends that fiscal authorities introduce expansionary fiscal policy that stimulates economic growth, investment and employment.
Evaluación de tres modelos y factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad de lechones al nacimiento en el trópico de México

Study objectives were to analyze stillborn piglet data using three logistic regression models and to determine the effect of some risk factors on piglet mortality at birth. Data were collected from January 2003 to December 2004 on a commercial, farrowto-finish farm in the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Response variables were: a) litters with zero or at least one stillborn piglet (nmc, n=2561 litters), and b) dead or live piglet (nm, n=27,108 piglets). The risk factors were: farrowing year, farrowing season (dry, rainy and north wind), parity number (1, 2-4, >4), litter size ( 12), litter with at least one mummified fetus (no, yes), and type of artificial insemination. Data were analyzed with standard logistic regression (SLR, nmc and nm variables) and random binomial logistic regression (RLR, nm variable) models. The RLR model fit best the data. Not using the appropriate model produced changes in risk factor significance levels. According to the RLR model, risk of mortality was greater for piglets born in the north wind season versus the dry and rainy seasons (P=0.023). Risk of piglet mortality was also higher in first parity sows and in sows with 5 or more parities (P=0.001). The risk of mortality was 1.41 times higher in litters with at least one mummified fetus compared to litters without mummified fetuses. Litters with six or less piglets had a higher risk of mortality.
Characterization of the Male-sterile Line Bcajh97-01A/B and Identification of Candidate Genes for Genic Male Sterility in Chinese Cabbage-pak-choi

Cytological features of 'Aijiaohuang' chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) Bcajh97-01A/B genic male-sterile AB line were examined to determine phenotypic reasons for male sterility. The sterile line Bcajh97-01A was found to undergo aberrant cytokinesis during male meiosis. Transcriptional profiling of the flower buds of both fertile and sterile plants was performed at the periods preceding meiosis, at the tetrad to uninucleate pollen period, and at the binucleate to mature pollen period. Transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) from corresponding genes that were expressed in flower buds at these three different stages could be divided into nine classes. We sequenced a total of 14 new TDFs that were differentially displayed at particular pollen developmental stages, including eight genes with unknown or hypothetical functions and six genes showing significant homology with known genes. This characterization of the Bcajh97-01A genic male-sterile line allowed the identification of candidate genes underlying genic male sterility.
Refined foraminiferal biostratigraphy of upper Wordian, Capitanian, and Wuchiapingian strata in Hambast Valley, Abadeh region (Iran), and paleobiogeographic implications

The foraminiferal biostratigraphy and precise geological ages of the late Wordian, Capitanian, and Wuchiapingian strata in the Abadeh region of Iran have remained poorly constrained, despite evidence that they contain one of the most complete marine records of this important time interval. The purpose of this study is to provide a more complete documentation about the foraminiferal community preserved in these deposits, to assess their correlation with other Tethyan shelves, and to address implications for paleobiogeography. The foraminifers and calcareous algae from two measured stratigraphic sections allowed us to re‐evaluate the biostratigraphy of the poorly studied upper part of the Surmaq Formation and the entire Abadeh Formation in the Hambast Valley, Abadeh region, Iran. Foraminiferal assemblages consist of 72 species belonging to 34 genera. Calcareous algae and botanical incertae sedis include seven species from four genera, of which two species are new: Eogoniolina kordeae n. sp. and Sphairionia stellata n. sp. Four foraminiferal biozones are identifed in both sections: upper Wordian‐lower Capitanian Altineria bacillaeformis‐Baisalina pulchra‐“Hemigordius” aff. japonicus‐Sphairionia stellata Zone, upper Capitanian Baisalina cf. guizhouensis‐Hemigordius giganteus Zone, uppermost Capitanian Hemigordius irregulariformis Zone, and Wuchiapingian Pseudodunbarula‐Codonofusiella kwangsiana‐Reichelina cf. changhsingensis Zone. According to the foraminiferal assemblages, the beginning of the Wuchiapingian is placed at the lower part of the subunit 4b, which is contrary to the previous study reporting the base of unit 5 of the Abadeh Formation or the base of the unit 6 of the Hambast Formation as lower Wuchiapingian. Coeval biozones have been described in Transcaucasia in the former USSR. The similarity of foraminiferal assemblages in the Abadeh region and Transcaucasia reveals a proximity between these two regions, at least during Capitanian and Wuchiapingian time. Furthermore, the resemblance of foraminiferal faunas between Abadeh region and South China is more likely through palaeocurrent gyres, which facilitated the faunal exchange between these two regions despite their great geographic distances.
STUDIES ON FUNGI ISOLATED FROM DIOSCOREA ROTUNDATA (YAM) COLLECTED FROM OPEN MARKETS IN LAGOS NIGERIA

Healthy and diseased white yams tubers ( Dioscorea rotundata ) were collected from three different open markets in Lagos State. Fungi were isolated from the yam twice monthly for three months. The fungi isolated were identified as Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Mucor racemosa , Botryodiplodia thoebromae and Macrophomina phaseolina . A. niger and A. flavus were found to be the most prevalent fungi isolates while the occurrence of B. thoebromae , M. phaseolina and Mucor racemosa were less prevalent. Selected fungicides (Captan, Dithane M45, Difolatan and Benlate) were assayed against the fungal isolates. Captan and Dithane showed the highest inhibitory activity against all the isolates. The proximate analysis revealed the real gradual reduction in ash, lipid and crude fibre contents in the diseased yam tubers with reference to healthy yam except protein and moisture that had an insignificant increase in the diseased yam. The results highlight the potential of the fungicides for post-harvest preservation of Dioscorea rotundata in which the viability has been reduced because of post-harvest losses .
Importance of E-learning in education

Current developments in the field of communication and information technology are extreme in nature. Some fields like agriculture, health, education, human resource and environmental management, or transport and business development, all seen the revolutionary consequences.ICT have enormous potential, for sustainable development. Technology, particularly e-learning is an integral part of today’s education. E-learning is one of the encouraging ways of teaching, learning, and thinking. Globalization of market system challenges each and every country wants to prove their intellectual superiority through their products . Information communication technology explores knowledge day by day. The system of education and exploration of knowledge spreading
What Ruined Your Cake: Impacts of Code Modifications on Bug Distribution

In the current decade, software systems have been more intensively employed in every aspect of our lives. However, it is disappointing that the quality of software is far from satisfactory. More importantly, the complexity and size of today’s software systems are increasing dramatically, which means that the number of required modifications is also increasing exponentially. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how function-level modifications impact the distribution of software bugs. In addition, other factors such as a function’s structural characteristics as well as attributes of functions themselves may also serve as informative indicators for software fault prediction. In this paper, we perform statistical methods and logistic regression to analyze the possible factors that are related to the distribution of software bugs. We demonstrate our study from the following five perspectives: 1) the distribution of bugs in time and space; 2) the distribution of function-level modifications in time and space; 3) the relationship between function-level modifications and functions’ fault-proneness; 4) the relationship between functional attributes and functions’ fault-proneness; and 5) the relationship between software structural characteristics and functions’ fault-proneness.
Influence of dams on river water‐quality signatures at event and seasonal scales: The Sélune River (France) case study

Dams and reservoirs are known to disturb river‐water composition, among other impacts, with potential implications for downstream river ecosystems and water uses. Existing studies have emphasized the variable influence of dams on water composition according to the element, its speciation (dissolved vs. particulate), reservoir properties (residence times), reservoir functions (e.g., hydropower, irrigation), and management (water releases). A now common approach to analyzing hydrological, geochemical, and biological controls on element export from unregulated rivers is to study hydrochemical signatures such as concentration‐flow relationships. We investigated a case study to analyze hydrochemical signatures of a regulated river (Sélune River, western France) upstream and downstream of a chain of two hydropower dams, assuming that the dams disturbed the river's signatures, and that those disturbances would provide information about processes occurring in the reservoirs. Both seasonal and event‐scale signatures were analyzed over two contrasting hydrological years and a range of storm events. The dams induced a chemostatic downstream response to storm events whenever elements were diluted or concentrated upstream. Dams did not disturb the seasonality of major anions but did modify silica and phosphorus concentration‐flow relationships, especially during low flow. Such changes in dynamics of river‐water composition may affect downstream biological communities. This study presents an initial state of the hydrochemical signature of the downstream river, before the removal of the two dams.
Contextual Effect of Integrated Health Post, Socioeconomic and Physical and Mental Health Determinants on the Quality of Life among Elderly in Klaten, Central Java

Background: The increase in life expectancy has an impact on the number of elderly which has increased from 9.3% (2018) to 15.8% (2035). Decreased body function in the elderly disturbs health and inhibits activities so that quality of life decreases. The purpose of this study was to ana­lyze the contextual effect of Elderly Integrated Health Post, socioeconomic determinant, physical and psychological health on the quality of life of the elderly. Subjects and Method: The design of the study was cross sectional. This study was conducted in Klaten, Central Java, from August to September 2019. A sample of 200 elderly people aged ≥60 years was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was the quality of life of the elderly. The dependent variables were marital status, employment status, income, eating pattern, physical activity, nap, sexual activity, and activeness to participate in Integrated Health Post. The data was obtained by using questionnaires. Eating patterns were measured by DDS ques­tionnaire. Physical activity data were measured by PASE. Data on quality of life of the elderly were measured using WHOQOL-OLD. The data were analyzed by multilevel. Results: The quality of life in elderly improved with marriage (b= 4.94; 95% CI= 2.49 to 7.34; p<0.001), working (b= 6.47; 95% CI = 3.18 to 9.76; p<0.001), high income (b= 3.91; 95% CI= 1.45 to 6.37; p= 0.002), good eating pattern (b= 2.08; 95% CI= 0.14 to 4.02; p= 0.036), high physical activity (b= 3.87; 95% CI= 0.80 to 6.93; p= 0.013), adequate nap time (b= 6.29; 95% CI= 3.05 to 9.55; p <0.001), active sexual activity (b= 2.97; 95% CI= 0.93 to 5.02; p= 0.004), and often attend integrated health post (b= 2.18; 95% CI= 0.28 to 4.09; p= 0.025). Elderly integrated health post had a contextual effect on the quality of life of the elderly with ICC= 45.65%. Conclusion: The quality of life in elderly improves with marriage, working, high income, good eating pattern, high physical activity, adequate nap time, active sexual activity, and often attend integrated health post. Elderly integrated health post has a contextual effect on the quality of life of the elderly. Keywords: quality of life, elderly, integrated health post Correspondence: Annisa Nur Fauziyah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: annisafauziyah03@gmail.com. Mobile: +628233­51­97211. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2020), 5(1): 15-25 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2020. 05.01. 02
The therapeutic effect of high-volume hemofiltration on sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU), despite the treatment of sepsis has progressed. As a mode in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) has been widely used in the treatment of sepsis. Whether high ultrafiltrate volume in CVVH is beneficial for sepsis survival remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the treatment effect of high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) on sepsis. Methods A systematic search was conducted on the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library to June 21, 2019, the keywords included “sepsis” “continuous blood purification” “continuous renal replacement therapy” “continuous veno-venous hemofiltration” and “continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration”. Summery statistic in this review was risk ratio (RR) and was performed by RevMan 5.2. Results Five randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included which contained 241 participants. Mortality related endpoints and other observations (length of stay, organ function evaluation, effect on hemodynamics, cytokine clearance and respiratory function) were used to assess the treatment effect of HVHF in sepsis. Three trials reported 28-day mortality, one of three trails also reported 60- and 90-day mortality; one trail did not specify the type of mortality; the fifth article reported hospital mortality. The pooled risk ratio for three trails of 28-day mortality was 0.96 (0.67, 1.38). Three trails reported length of stay related data. Four trails reported organ failure related scores. All trails reported the effect of HVHF on hemodynamics. Three trails reported cytokine clearance. Only two trails reported respiratory function related indicators. After analysis, the risk of bias in all trails was low. Conclusions The meta-analysis results suggested that treatment programs contained HVHF did not change the outcomes of patients with sepsis. So far, related studies on the use of HVHF in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock is rare. Researchers should consider additional large multicenter randomized controlled trials.
Factors that Influence the Intention to Reuse Public Transport Routes Involving Transfer in the Early Stage of Integrated Transportation System Development: MRT Case in Jakarta

To improve the image of public transportation and encourage citizen to use it, the transportation infrastructure in Jakarta has been modernized by developing an integrated transportation system with MRT as the center of the integration. With the history of high preference to private vehicle use and the growing popularity of sharing ride, it is interesting to see whether the usage of public transportation will increase. Although the transportation system is being integrated, users of public transportation still need to exchange modes of transportation within the system and outside the system to finish the trip. This study aims to identify factors that can influence the intention to reuse public transportation routes involving transfer. The integration of Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) and other factors such as values, images and self-efficacy are investigated on the intentions to reuse routes involving transfers. The data is collected using questionnaires distributed in Jakarta MRT transit-oriented development and analyzed using PLS-SEM. Image and Attitude are proven not affecting the intention to reuse public transport routes involving transfer. The intention is influenced by perceived behavioral control (PBC) which is driven by self-efficacy and perceived controllability and subjective norms. This result to some extent is not consistent with the previous research about public transportation and has given another perspective about public transportation routes involving transfers especially in the early stage of integrated transportation system development.