Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Median nerve motor entry points in the forearm - clinical application

Superficial forearm flexors receive primary and secondary branches from the median nerve (mn). These branches vary in number, size and motor entry points (m) into the muscles. Knowledge of these points is essential for maximal compound muscle action potential (cmap) recording from these muscles. Spasticity of these flexors is treated using botulinum toxin (bt) injection or selective partial neurotomy (spn) of the nerve branches to the spastic muscles. Twenty human cadaveric forearms were dissected. The location of the motor entry points of the median nerve to the superficial forearm flexor muscles was expressed as a distance from the medial (me) and lateral (le) epicondyles of the humerus. Fifty apparently healthy volunteers (25 males and 25 females) underwent cmap recording from the superficial forearm flexors. Thirty patients (15 males and 15 females) with spastic hyperflexion of the wrist and fingers underwent bt injection or spn. Pronator teres (pt) had 2-4 m, flexor carpi radialis (fcr) had 1-3 m and flexor digitorum superficialis (fds) had 3-8 m. Variable shapes of the cmap were recorded from them (monophasic, biphasic or multiphasic). Based on the anatomical results, bt injection was done at 5 points (p1-p5); pt was injected at p1, fcr was injected at p2, and fds is a large muscle and was injected at p3, p4, p5 (proximal, middle, distal), giving good results in 85% of cases; spn was done in severe cases refractory to bt injection with excellent to good results in 80% of cases. The patterns of branching of mn differ from the classically described patterns. Therefore, revising the innervation patterns of the superficial forearm flexors is mandatory, since the variations observed are more diverse than has been described. Identification of the branches and the motor entry points of mn are essential for cmap recording from the superficial forearm flexors, bt injection, spn and tendon transfer.
“I don’t know how to fix it and sometimes it’s so overwhelming” Identifying the barriers and facilitators for family caregivers supporting someone at high-risk of psychosis: A qualitative study

ABSTRACT Providing care can be demanding and is associated with increased financial, emotional and psychological distress. Relatives of individuals with At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) of psychosis provide significant emotional, practical and economic support but are often a neglected group. The current study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators for those supporting ARMS individuals. Semi-structured interviews with fourteen family members from the Individual and Family Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (IFCBT) trial were conducted. Key barriers included relatives’ unmet needs and limited confidence accessing and providing support. Facilitating factors included open communication with the individual, flexible, understanding employers and feeling that they themselves were supported. Those who identify multiple barriers may have increased levels of worry and distress that negatively impact their own health and wellbeing. Services in contact with ARMS individuals should provide families support to sustain an adequate level of care, including psychoeducation around the individual’s experiences and behaviours, discussions around talking to employers and help exploring more adaptive coping strategies including accessing support from social networks. Clinical teams and/or family peer-support workers that look to support relatives early in their caregiving journey could help improve outcomes in relative’s quality of life and consequently benefit the ARMS individual.
Relationship between Semi-Starvation Symptoms, Self-Efficacy, and Weight Loss

The purpose of this study was to explore whether overweight college dieters, engaged in self-structured weight loss efforts, experienced physical symptomatology that has previously been associated with severe caloric restriction. The relationships between physical symptomatology, self-efficacy, and future dieting behavior were also investigated. Forty college students (21 female, Mage = 19.58 years, SD= 1.85) self-reported caloric intake and completed self-efficacy measures and physical symptom reports for three weeks. Results indicated that weekly physical symptom reports were not associated with caloric deficit and did not predict future dieting behavior. Physical symptoms were negatively related to self-efficacy for dieting and exercise as predicted, but in several analyses, higher self-efficacy actually predicted less calorie restriction. Physical symptom reports were predicted by trait neuroticism and neuroticism was also significantly and negatively associated with eating and exercise self-efficacy. Results raised issues about the accuracy of caloric restriction reporting and suggested that personality characteristics may have an important impact on an individual’s perception of dieting experiences and levels of self-efficacy during dieting.
Use of Vaginal Hygiene Product, Physical Activity, Age at Marriage, Body Mass Index, and Female Infertility

Background: Various products are common in the market for vaginal hygiene purpose, such as povidone iodine vaginal douche, extract of betel leaf, and other herbal internal vaginal hygiene products. However, it is hypothesized that these hygiene products may hamper female fertility. This study aimed to examine the effect of vaginal hygiene product use on female fertility, while controlling for the level of physical activity, age at marriage, and body mass index.Subjects and Method: This study was analytical-observational with case control design, conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. The study population were women aged 15-49 years old. A total of 55 infertile women and 55 pregnant or post-partum women were selected as cases and controls, respectively, by using fixed diseases sampling. The dependent variable was infertility. The independent variables were external and internal use of vaginal hygiene product, level of physical activity, age at marriage, and body mass index (BMI). The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.Results: External use of vaginal hygiene product decreased the risk of infertility, but it was statistically non-significant (OR=0.62; 95%CI= 0.22 to 1.74; p=0.366). Internal use of vaginal hygiene product (OR=14.97; 95%CI= 1.66 to 135.16; p=0.016), heavy physical activity (OR=7.95; 95%CI= 1.54 to 41.08; p=0.013), age at marriage>29 years (OR=3.66; 95%CI= 0.68 to 19.76; p=0.131), BMI 29 years, underweight, and overweight, are risk factors of infertility in women. Women who use vaginal hygiene product internally should be aware that this practice significantly increased the risk of infertility.Keywords:Female infertility, vaginal hygiene product, physical activities, age at marriage, body mass indexCorrespondence: Ayu Kusuma Puspasari Arifin. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University. Email: puspasari.arifin@yahoo.comJournal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(1): 41-52https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016. 01.01. 07
Reducing HIV Infection Rates among Young Kenyan Women

The Africa Portal backgrounder series offers brief background information and commentary on current policy issues of concern to Africans—especially in the areas of conflict, energy, food security, health, migration and climate change. Written by seasoned, up-and-coming scholars on Africa, the backgrounders are published exclusively on the Africa Portal and are available for free, full-text download. The Africa Portal is an online knowledge resource for policy-related issues on Africa. www.africaportal. org AFRICAPORTAL a project of the africa initiative Backgrounder
Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease: Report of a Preventive Screening Programme Conducted in an Unselected Urban Population in South West Nigeria

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem worldwide with rising prevalence resulting in high morbidity and mortality and the high cost of treatment. Diabetes and hypertension are the most common cause of CKD worldwide. Therefore early detection and treatment of these conditions through community-based prevention programmes will help in reducing the burden of CKD. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CKD risk factors in an urban community in a developing country. Free prevention screening programme was carried out in Lagos, a large urban community in South-west, Nigeria. Blood pressure, random blood sugar tests and urinalysis (urine dipstick) were carried out among the respondents. Hypertension was detected in 36.3% (514) of the population, 2.6% (37) were diabetic and 28.9% (338) had overt proteinuria; 287 (20.3%) had grade I and 227 (16%) grade 2 hypertension respectively. After age-adjustment, the prevalence rate of hypertension was highest in the 45-54 year age group while diabetes was highest in the 75-84 years age stratum.Hypertension and proteinuria are prevalent in the community and this could account for the rising prevalence of CKD in the community. Our findings call for the setting up of a comprehensive CKD screening prevention programme in the country like is done in other developing countries of the world.
Are the Neck Positions and Muscle Activity Observed when Reading a Tablet Similar to That of the Cervical Flexion-Relaxation Onset?

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Tablet use has become more common in the workplace and people typically use neck flexion interacting with them. In this position, it is common to observe that the cervical extensor muscles go “silent” just before full flexion and the deeper muscles of the spine and other passive tissues support the head. We found that the neck posture adopted when a person is reading a tablet is before the onset when of this phenomenon occurs and that the measured neck extensor muscles are still relatively active. Three participants, though, approached the onset position. This could represent reliance on deeper muscles and passive tissues for head support. These results suggest that practitioners need to educate their patients and employees on risk factors related to mobile computing usage and specifically determine ways to limit neck flexion when using these devices. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Use of mobile devices at work and home continues to rise. Prolonged neck flexion has been identified as a potential risk factor for neck pain and is a posture commonly used when interacting with these devices. When a person moves their head into flexion, it is common to the flexion-relaxation phenomenon, in which the cervical extensor muscles go “silent” just before full flexion and deeper muscles of the spine and other tissues, such as ligaments, support the head. Purpose: Compare neck position and muscle activity when reading a tablet computer to the flexion-relaxation onset. Methods: Fourteen participants were instrumented with electromyography and reflective markers to measure cervical extensor muscle activity and neck angle, respectively. They performed a cervical flexion-relaxation test, followed by two one-minute trials of reading a tablet on their lap or a table. Results: The flexion-relaxation phenomenon was shown in 12 of 14 participants. There was a significant difference between the cervical flexion relaxation onset (82% range of motion (ROM)) and the neck position for the lap (59% ROM) and table (29% ROM). Cervical extensor muscle activity was significantly higher when reading the tablet (15%–17% MVC) compared to the relaxation phase (8% MVC). Conclusions: Reading a tablet computer in the tested conditions did not exceed the cervical flexion-relaxation onset position. Some participants were within 5% ROM of their onset position, and future work should address the potential that positioning the mobile device closer to one's trunk could lead to larger neck flexion angles with lower muscle activity.
People’s Tendency Toward Norm-Interventions to Tackle Waste Disposal in Public Open Spaces in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Waste disposal at undesignated sites in public open spaces causes hygiene problems, city landscape deterioration, and urban flooding in many developing countries. We used different types of norms—subjective norms, perception about government pressure as one injunctive norm, and personal norms—as interventions to promote people’s intentions to avoid disposing of waste in public open spaces. Six different statements focusing on these three norms were designed, and the residents’ tendencies to follow each statement were investigated using 15 pair-wise comparisons in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. In addition, the likely effectiveness of each statement to encourage the residents’ intentions was asked of national and local government officials using the same pair-wise questions. The results showed that residents were most likely to follow an intervention focusing on personal norms, especially when touching on people’s responsibility, and this was also perceived to be the most effective by the government officials. Social pressure from the government, either in a strict way with punishments or in a soft way with recommendations, were the least preferred and thought to be ineffective by both the residents and government officials in avoiding waste disposal in public open spaces. The result suggests that future policy implication should be more focused on bottom-up approaches rather than top-down counterparts. Voluntary civic engagement is more vital in dealing with waste disposal in public open space than government interventions.
Motives for Health Information Behavior: Patterns More Refined Than Traditional Dichotomies. A Study Among Women in a Cervix Treatment Process

ABSTRACT Health consumers are increasingly expected to play an active role with respect to their health and make informed decisions. Therefore, it is essential that health information meets the needs and expectations of health consumers. Online health information is examined from the perspectives of patients with uterine cervical dysplasia undergoing a frequently performed gynecological procedure at an outpatient clinic of a general, top clinical Dutch hospital. The information behavior of 40 women was studied qualitatively by means of interviews and observations in three phases from the start of their medical episode: the emergence or lack of information needs (interviews); the choice for particular information sources or channels (interviews); and searching for information on the Internet (both observations and interviews). The results of the study identified five patterns of information behavior: inactive/passive (N = 5), sensitive/limited (N = 7), selective/problem solving (N = 5), constructive/explorative (N = 8), and assertive/browsing (N = 4). Examples of corresponding recommendations are discussed which aim at optimizing health information.
Hospitalized Patients Care Pathway for Stroke and its Determinants in a Reference Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Stroke is one of the leading causes of adult death, dementia and disability in the world. Sub Saharan Africa lags behind in the establishment of stroke units (SU) and intravenous thrombolysis (IV) of acute cerebral infarctions, while their impact on reducing mortality and functional disability is today universally proven [1,2]. SU have recently been introduced in some countries such as Congo-Brazzaville [3] or Côte d’Ivoire [4], with the impact of reducing early mortality [3,4] and a reduction of intra hospital medical complications [4]. To our knowledge, in no country in sub Saharan Africa, IV thrombolysis of cerebral infarctions by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) has yet to be performed in routine practice. However, even in the developed countries, the long prehospital and intra-hospital delays still limit their access particularly to thrombolysis [4-8]. It therefore seemed interesting to us to carry out a study on the care pathway of hospitalized patients for stroke and its determinants, at Tingandogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Abstract
Professional Development and Self-Efficacy of Nurses Who Care for Patients Requiring Biocontainment

Professional Development and Self-Efficacy of Nurses Who Care for Patients Requiring Biocontainment by Denise Occhiuzzo MSN, Pace University, 1986 BSN, William Paterson University, 1981 AAS, Bergen Community College, 1976 AA, Baptist Bible College, 1973 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education
Epidemiology of Malaria Using LED Fluorescence Microscopy among Schoolchildren in Douala, Cameroon

Aims: Determine factors associated with malaria infection, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of malaria parasites and fevers of non malarial origin. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Original Research Article Lehman et al.; IJTDH, 29(1): 1-13, 2018; Article no.IJTDH. 38804 2 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in three districts of the town of Douala, Cameroon in 2013. Methodology: Seven hundred and eighty five (785) schoolchildren aged 3 to 17 years were enrolled upon parental consent and tested for the presence of malaria parasites in capillary blood. In addition, sociodemographic and clinical data were also documented. Results: The overall prevalence of malaria parasite infection was 45.47% and significantly varied with respect to age, health district and body temperature. Asymptomatic infections accounted for 89.61% of all malaria infection cases. Fevers of non malarial origin were found in 10.73% of the pupils. The overall ITNs use rate found was 45.74% with value significantly lower in males compared to females (20.70% versus 25.03%; P = .04). Conclusion: There is an urgent need for the implementation of interventions based on active detection and treatment of all cases of malaria infection in community especially in children who pay the heaviest tribute to the disease. CyScope fluorescence microscopy could be a valuable diagnostic tool to achieve this objective.
Evaluation of Health Status of Turkish Ceramic Workers

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluation of health status of Turkish ceramic workers (n=99). For this purpose, leukocyte (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), thrombocyte (PLT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CR), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) levels were investigated in workers and their controls (n=81). Also spirometry tests, chest radiographs and workplace dust measurement were analyzed. Methods: As and Hg levels determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). AST, ALT and CR levels were analyzed by Konelab Prime 60i auto-analyzer while Hb, PLT, WBC numbers and HCT percentages were measured by Coulter LH780. Chest radiographs of workers were taken by using a short exposure time with high voltage technique. Standard spirometry measurements of workers and controls were done with a dry seal spirometry Dust samples were collected with badge dosimeter and analyzed by gravimetrically. Results: In this study, WBC, PLT, AST, ALT, CR, As and Hg levels of workers higher while HGB and HCT levels lower than the controls. 38 workers were diagnosed with silicosis, 9 workers were suspected to have silicosis, whereas 52 workers were found to be healthy. Average value of FEV1/FVC ratios was found to be 81.430±5.314 (Mean ± SD) for workers and 81.31±5.22 (Mean ± SD) for controls. The mean concentration of respirable total dust in workplace was 3.58 mg/m 3 . Conclusion: Ceramic workers must be considered as risky persons as their working conditions affect many organs and systems in their body such as liver, kidney and hematopoetic system.
Sero Status Disclosure to Sexual Partner and Associated Factors among Adult HIV Positive Patients in Bale Zone Hospitals, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Institution Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Disclosure of HIV sero status is among varies HIV prevention strategy to prevent the spread of HIV. It is the base for accessing care and treatment programs, attains psycho-social support and reduces stigma, adheres to treatment and promotes safer health behavior particularly for couples. Objective: To assess HIV sero status disclosure to sexual partner and associated factors among HIV positive adult patient in Bale Zone hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 adult HIV positive clients who were selected by using systematic random sampling methods from Bale Zone Hospitals. Data were collected by using pre-tested questionnaire after verbal consent obtained from participants by trained nurse. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done by using SPSS version 20 and P-value of less than 0.05 was taken to declare statistical significance. Result: HIV sero status disclosure to sexual partners was 52.6%. Residence (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.0, 2.60), receiving pre-test counselling related disclosure (AOR = 6.25; 95% CI, 3.45, 11.33) and knowledge of partner’s HIV sero status (P-Value = 0.001) were significantly associated with HIV sero status disclosure. Fear of stigma and violence by sexual partner were the main reasons suggested for not disclosing HIV sero-status. Conclusion: The level of HIV sero-status disclosure to sexual partner was low. Disclosure of HIV sero status to sexual partner was significantly associated with clients’ place of residence, receiving pre-test counselling about disclosure and Knowledge of partners HIV sero status.
Auditory effects of noise and its prevalence among sawmill workers

Noise at work could be hazardous, particularly after prolonged period of exposure. Sources of noise include generators, grinding machines, loud music at home, religious houses and clubs. The objective of this study was to find the auditory effects of noise and its effects on sawmill workers. This is a prospective, community based study involving sawmill workers in Ile-Ife. The prevalence of hearing loss was determined and the pattern of hearing loss was evaluated among the workers. Four hundred and twenty sawmill workers were recruited into the study of whom 410 were males and 10 females. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 89.7%. Ninety three of them had hearing threshold greater than 40 dB, and it was bilateral in all the cases. Tinnitus was present in 41 (9.8%) subjects. The main auditory effects of occupational noise among sawmill workers are hearing loss and tinnitus. Key words: Auditory, noise, prevalence, sawmill workers.
Re-grounding the city with Polanyi: From urban entrepreneurialism to entrepreneurial municipalism

Conventional approaches to local economic development are failing to address deepening polarisation both within and between city regions across advanced capitalist economies. At the same time, austerity urbanism, particularly in the UK, presents challenges for urban authorities facing reduced budgets to meet increased demands on public services. Municipalities are beginning to experiment with creative responses to these crises, such as taking more interventionist and entrepreneurial roles in developing local economies, generating alternative sources of revenue or financialising existing assets. Rooted in a Polanyian perspective and building on the concepts of the entrepreneurial state and grounded city, we identify an embryonic alternative approach – what we call ‘entrepreneurial municipalism’ – as a policy pathway towards resolving enduring socioeconomic problems where neoliberal urban-entrepreneurial strategies have failed. We situate entrepreneurial municipalism as one strand in an assemblage of new municipalist interventions, between radical urban social movements and more neoliberal strategies such as financialised municipal entrepreneurialism. Drawing on original research on the Liverpool City Region, we explore how local authorities are working with social enterprises to harness place-based assets in ways which de-commodify land, labour and capital and re-embed markets back into society. Finally, we draw upon Polanyi as our guide to disentangle differences in approach amongst divergent forms of municipalist statecraft and to critically evaluate entrepreneurial municipalism as a possible trajectory towards the grounded city.