Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Various Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Combination with Β-Tricalcium Phosphate

Introduction: The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells originated from dental pulp, Buccal fat pad tissue, umbilical cord blood and bone marrow on the β- TCP scaffold. Materials and Methods : Human mesenchymal stem cells originated from dental pulp, Buccal fat pad tissue, umbilical cord blood and bone marrow were assessed in this study. The characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells evaluated by flow-cytometry. Biological properties such as cell number, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red and MTT assay scrutized during cell culture. The morphology of cells culture was also examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The MTT assay results represented that the proliferation was time-dependent and the rate of proliferation and viability of any four mesenchymal stem cells were the same. Results: The SEM of hBFPSCs, hBMSCs, hDPSCs, hUCSCs at 5 days indicated that hBFPSCs have higher attachment. ALP enzyme activities revealed the highest at day 21 when the cells were cultured in differentiation media. The alizarin red staining results indicated a clear mineralization of hBMSCs is dramatically higher from three mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings showed that the origins of MSCs impel their proliferative and osteogenic sufficiency and thus influence their application as a cell sources for bone tissue engineering. Conclusion: Despite BMSCs are the best nominee for cell based bone regeneration according to the existing evidences, in clinical and in vivo conditions there are many circumstances may be encountered bone healing.
Exosomes derived from placental trophoblast cells regulate endometrial epithelial receptivity in dairy cows during pregnancy

Inadequate fetomaternal interactions could directly lead to pregnancy failure in dairy cows. Exosomes are widely involved in endometrial matrix remodeling, immune function changes, placental development, and other processes of embryo implantation and pregnancy in dairy cows. However, the role of exosomes derived from placental trophoblast cells in regulating the receptivity of endometrial cells and facilitating fetomaternal interaction remains unclear. In this study, bovine trophoblast cells (BTCs) were obtained from bovine placenta and immortalized by transfection with telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Immortalized BTCs still possess the basic and key properties of primary BTCs without exhibiting any neoplastic transformation signs. Subsequently, the effect of trophoblast-derived exosomes (TDEs) on endometrial receptivity in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) was determined, and the mechanism whereby TDEs and their proteins participate in the fetomaternal interaction during bovine pregnancy were explored. EECs were co-cultured with the exosomes derived from BTCs treated with progesterone (P4). Such treatment enhanced the expression of the endometrial receptivity factors, integrin αv, β3, Wnt7a, and MUC1 by changing the extracellular environment, metabolism, and redox balance in EECs via proteome alignment, compared with no treatment according to the DIA quantitation analysis. Our study demonstrated that trophoblast-derived exosome proteins are one of the most critical elements in fetomaternal interaction, and their changes may act as a key signal in altering endometrial receptivity and provide a potential target for improving fertility.
Anxiety about COVID-19 Infection, and Its Relation to Smartphone Addiction and Demographic Variables in Middle Eastern Countries

This study explores the level and frequency of anxiety about COVID-19 infection in some Middle Eastern countries, and differences in this anxiety by country, gender, workplace, and social status. Another aim was to identify the predictive power of anxiety about COVID-19 infection, daily smartphone use hours, and age in smartphone addiction. The participants were 651 males and females from Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt. The participants’ ages ranged between 18 and 73 years (M 33.36, SD = 10.69). A questionnaire developed by the authors was used to examine anxiety about COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, the Italian Smartphone Addiction Inventory was used after being translated, adapted, and validated for the purposes of the present study. The results revealed that the percentages of participants with high, average, and low anxiety about COVID-19 infection were 10.3%, 37.3%, and 52.4%, respectively. The mean scores of anxiety about COVID-19 infection in the four countries were average: Egypt (M = 2.655), Saudi Arabia (M = 2.458), the United Arab Emirates (M = 2.413), and Jordan (M = 2.336). Significant differences in anxiety about COVID-19 infection were found between Egypt and Jordan, in favor of Egypt. Significant gender differences were found in favor of females in the Jordanian and Egyptian samples, and in favor of males in the Emirati sample. No significant differences were found regarding workplace and social status. The results also revealed a significant positive relationship between anxiety about COVID-19 infection, daily smartphone use hours, and age on the one hand, and smartphone addiction on the other. The strongest predictor of smartphone addiction was anxiety about COVID-19 infection, followed by daily use hours. Age did not significantly contribute to the prediction of smartphone addiction. The study findings shed light on the psychological health and cognitive aspects of anxiety about COVID-19 infection and its relation to smartphone addiction.
Rheological properties and gel characteristics of polysaccharides from fruit-bodies of Sparassis crispa

ABSTRACT Rheological properties and gel characteristics of Sparassis crispa polysaccharides (SCPs) were investigated under various concentrations, temperature, pH, salt concentrations, and sucrose concentrations. SCP solutions behaved as shear thinning pseudoplastic fluids; apparent viscosity increased with concentrations but decreased with extreme conditions and was highest for 1% SCPs at 80 ℃ under neutral conditions; 5% SCPs solutions formed a hysteresis loop and exhibited thixotropic properties. By oscillatory measurements, SCPs were viscoelastic materials. 0.5% and 1% SCPs solutions exhibited viscous behavior at low frequency and enhanced elastic property with the oscillation frequency increased. With the concentration increased to 3% and 5%, the elastic property was predominant in solutions and exhibited gel-like behavior. SCPs gel textural properties and water holding capacity increased with concentration (to 20%) and decreased with salinity, extreme sucrose, and pH. 10% SCPs gels were optimized at 10% sucrose in neutral conditions. Thus, these results implied SCPs had the potential utilization as a new hydrocolloid source in food industries.
Quantum Game Application to Recovery Problem in Mobile Database

Mobile Computing (MC) is a relatively new concept in the world of distributed computing that is rapidly gaining traction. Due to the dynamic nature of mobility and the limited bandwidth available on wireless networks, this new computing environment for mobile devices presents significant challenges in terms of fault-tolerant system development. As a consequence, traditional fault-tolerance techniques are inherently inapplicable to these systems. External circumstances often expose mobile systems to failures in communication or data storage. In this article, a quantum game theory-based recovery model is proposed in the case of a mobile host’s failure. Several of the state-of-the-art recovery protocols are selected and analyzed in order to identify the most important variables influencing the recovery mechanism, such as the number of processes, the time needed to send messages, and the number of messages logged-in time. Quantum game theory is then adapted to select the optimal recovery method for the given environment variables using the proposed utility matrix of three players. Game theory is the study of mathematical models of situations in which intelligent rational decision-makers face conflicting interests (alternative recovery procedures). The purpose of this study is to present an adaptive algorithm based on quantum game theory for selecting the most efficient context-aware computing recovery procedure. The transition from a classical to a quantum domain is accomplished in the proposed model by treating strategies as a Hilbert space rather than a discrete set and then allowing for the existence of linear superpositions between classical strategies; this naturally increases the number of possible strategic choices available to each player from a numerable to a continuous set. Numerical data are provided to demonstrate feasibility.
Effectuation processes of social media and student entrepreneurs in South Korea

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effectuation processes of student entrepreneurs in their utilization of social media. In-depth interviews conducted with student entrepreneurs in South Korea revealed that they have experienced a gap between the uses of means available for entrepreneurship and the realization of their effects. To narrow that gap, the student entrepreneurs have drawn from a concept of effectual endeavor that implies the engagement of an effectual process until the materialization of some level of effects is reached. To overcome the uncertainty that student entrepreneurs face while utilizing social media, the findings suggest that they have commonly adopted a perceived perseverance affordability to routinize and attain consistency for social-media uses and a flexible approach to leverage contingencies and create endogenous opportunities while utilizing social media.
Determination of temperature-dependent crystallographic parameters of Al–Si alloys using in situ neutron diffraction

Accurate evaluation of temperature-dependent lattice spacings of individual phases in complex engineering alloys enables analysis and design of enhanced components for high-temperature applications. However, typical characterization techniques are limited to measurements at temperatures at which the alloy is completely solid state. In this study, in situ neutron diffraction was performed to determine the crystallographic parameters of several phases in unmodified and Sr-modified Al–6 wt% Si and A319 alloys from the start of solidification to 423 K. Approximately linear correlations were found for the interplanar spacings and lattice parameters of Al, Si, Al5Mg8Cu2Si6 and Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2 phases with temperature for the entire measured range. The greater concentration of lattice-contracting elements dissolved in the A319 solid solutions resulted in smaller lattice spacings and larger coefficients of thermal expansion than the same phases in Al–6 wt% Si, yet eutectic modification with Sr did not produce noticeable changes in the crystallographic parameters. The Si phase was found to have the largest thermal expansion coefficient misfit with the Al matrix. These findings offer significant insight into the development and mitigation of thermal stresses in the processing and operation of engineering components.
Detecting strong spatial and temporal variation in macrobenthic composition on an urban shelf using taxonomic surrogates

: Surrogates of macrobenthic assemblages, intended to alleviate the effort and taxonomic expertise required for monitoring, can take many forms, such as using coarser taxonomic levels (‘sufficiency’) or only a subset of the whole fauna (‘subsetting’). Here, the power of both approaches to retain community-level patterns of spatial and temporal variation were evaluated using an exceptionally long (47 yr) infaunal dataset generated from monitoring wastewater im pacts on an urban shelf in southern California, USA. Four taxonomic sets (whole infauna, polychaetes, bivalves, malacostracans) were evaluated at 5 resolutions (species, genus, family, order, functional guild) along a pollution gradient subdivided into 2 spatial bins based on proximity to the wastewater outfall (near-field vs. far-field) and 3 temporal bins based on wastewater treatment phases. All taxonomic sets detected weakening of the spatial gradient with improved wastewater treatment, i.e. communities became more similar in richness, evenness, and composition through time, and patterns were robust when coarsened to families or guilds. Polychaetes mirrored (‘prox-ied’) whole-fauna patterns most accurately, as expected since they constitute most of the individuals and species. However, bivalves outperformed all other sets in detecting (‘indicating’) the pollution gradient itself, owing to their breadth of feeding strategies. These results strengthen the consistently positive results from taxonomic coarsening emerging from tests elsewhere and the caveats for taxonomic subsetting: clade strengths serve different objectives. Comparable datasets should exist in environmental agency archives elsewhere, promoting the general surrogacy model. For monitoring programs still in their planning stages, regional insights could be acquired via analogous nested analyses of a single survey.
Functional Behavioral Assessment

This study investigated (a) the efficacy of using descriptive and experimental assessment methodologies to generate hypotheses regarding the function of problem behavior and (b) the efficiency and efficacy of function-based interventions compared to traditional intervention approaches that focus on the topography of behavior. Functional assessments were conducted with three elementary school students identified as at risk for failure due to problem behavior. Agreement among indirect measures, direct observation, and experimental manipulation of environmental variables supports the value of using convergent data from indirect assessment methods to develop valid hypotheses. In addition, behavioral interventions based on functional assessment were found to be more effective than alternative intervention approaches across all three case studies. Implications, study limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
The effect of basketball matches on salivary markers: a systematic review

The aim of this paper was to synthesize the findings on salivary marker responses to the different basketball match typologies. An electronic database search of articles published until October 2020 was performed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and Web of Science. Studies were then screened using pre-defined selection criteria and a subsequent assessment of methodological quality was conducted. Articles matching the selection criteria and methodological quality were included in the systematic review. The electronic database search produced 696 articles. After removing 505 duplicates, 191 articles were included for screening. Screening led to 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The main findings revealed that playing a basketball match induced a highly stressful condition reflected by increased post-match cortisol levels regardless of season phase (i.e. regular vs. semi-final vs. final matches), match outcome (i.e. winning vs. losing matches) and location (i.e. home vs. away). Different results were found for testosterone, which showed inconsistent outcomes when measured before and after matches. However, an effect of match location on testosterone levels was observed, with higher concentrations before home matches compared to away matches. Finally, playing basketball matches led to an increase in levels of alpha-amylase, a decrease in interleukin-21 and no changes in immunoglobulin A, total protein and brain-derived-neurotrophic factor. The current results provide a detailed description of salivary markers changes in response to different basketball matches, which can help practitioners to have a better understanding of the basketball performance profile.
Increase in Achilles Tendon Rupture Surgery in Japan: Results From a Nationwide Health Care Database

Background: Nationwide epidemiologic studies in Scandinavian countries have shown that the incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs) has increased, and the rate of surgical treatment has declined markedly in the past decade. However, there is a lack of national-level data on the trend of ATRs and surgical procedures in other regions. Purpose: To clarify the trend in the incidence of ATRs and the proportion of surgery using the nationwide health care database in Japan. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Age- and sex-stratified data on the annual number of ATRs and surgical procedures between 2010 and 2017 were obtained from the Japanese national health care database, which includes almost all inpatient and outpatient medical claims nationwide. The Japanese population data were also obtained from the population census. The change in the annual incidence of ATRs per 100,000 people was assessed using a Poisson regression analysis. The trend in the annual proportion of surgeries relative to the occurrence of tendon ruptures was determined using a linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 112,601 ATRs, with men accounting for 67%, were identified over 8 years. Patients aged ≥60 years accounted for 27,106 (24%), while those aged 20 to 39 years and 40 to 59 years accounted for 36,164 (32%) and 49,331 (44%), respectively. The annual incidence of ATR ranged from 12.8/100,000 to 13.9/100,000 (women, 8.2-8.9/100,000; men, 17.2-19.5/100,000), which did not change over the study period (P = .82). Moreover, the annual incidences did not change across sexes and age categories. The annual proportion of surgery increased significantly, from 67% in 2010 to 72% in 2017 (P = .003). The annual proportions increased across sexes and age categories except for women aged 40 to 59 years. Conclusion: The incidence of ATR did not change between 2010 and 2017, according to the Japanese nationwide health care database. Furthermore, the proportion of surgical treatment increased during the study period. Overall, 70% of patients underwent surgical treatment. This study suggested that the trend in ATR and surgery differed across regions.
Fundamental Biomaterial Considerations in the Development of a 3D Model Representative of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) being the most common subset. Raised intraocular pressure is an important risk factor for POAG and is caused by a reduction in aqueous humour (AqH) outflow due to dysfunctional cellular and matrix dynamics in the eye’s main drainage site, the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm’s canal (SC). The TM/SC are highly specialised tissues that regulate AqH outflow; however, their exact mechanisms of AqH outflow control are still not fully understood. Emulating physiologically relevant 3D TM/S in vitro models poses challenges to accurately mimic the complex biophysical and biochemical cues that take place in healthy and glaucomatous TM/SC in vivo. With development of such models still in its infancy, there is a clear need for more well-defined approaches that will accurately contrast the two central regions that become dysfunctional in POAG; the juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT) region of the TM and inner wall endothelia of the Schlemm’s canal (eSC). This review will discuss the unique biological and biomechanical characteristics that are thought to influence AqH outflow and POAG progression. Further consideration into fundamental biomaterial attributes for the formation of a biomimetic POAG/AqH outflow model will also be explored for future success in pre-clinical drug discovery and disease translation.
Petrography, mineralogy, and geochemistry of a new lunar magnesian feldspathic meteorite Northwest Africa 11460

Lunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11460 has been classified as a polymict breccia, composed of feldspathic clasts, mafic‐rich clasts (gabbroic and troctolitic fragments), granulites, and a wide range of impact melt breccias and dimict breccias. The non‐mare clasts have chemical affinities in major element composition to the Apollo ferroan anorthosites (FAN) and magnesian‐suite plutonic rocks. In contrast, incompatible trace element (ITE) compositions of the Mg‐richer clasts are more consistent with those of FANs rather than magnesian‐suite rocks. NWA 11460 has a Mg‐rich feldspathic bulk composition (FeO = 4.53 wt%, Al2O3 = 25.87 wt%, and Mg# = 73.8) and relatively ITE‐poor (i.e., Th = 0.31 ppm and Sm = 0.65 ppm) characteristics. Feldspathic impact melt materials are approximately similar in composition to the estimated composition for the upper feldspathic lunar crust (as defined by Korotev et␣al., 2003). The ITE‐poor and Mg‐rich characteristics different from Apollo 16 feldspathic impact melts indicate that this meteorite has been possibly derived from a region distal to the nearside lunar highlands. Our analysis further suggests that NWA 11460 most likely originated from the farside of the Moon. Compositionally, Mg‐rich ITE‐poor clasts within NWA 11460 as well as those observed in other feldspathic lunar meteorites (which probably came from many different lunar regions) reveal that Mg‐rich rocks with low‐ITE components represent an important constituent of lunar crustal rocks. The diversities of highly magnesian non‐mare clasts and the low‐ITE chemistry provide geochemical clues for the genetic relationship between KREEP components and magnesian plutonic magmatism on the lunar farside.
A Novel In Situ Flamelet Tabulation Methodology for the Representative Interactive Flamelet Model

ABSTRACT A priori flamelet tabulation methods have been used extensively to model premixed and non-premixed combustion in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large Eddy simulations (LES). Pre-tabulation of flamelet libraries have led to significant cost reduction of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. However, these tabulation methods rely on certain simplifying assumptions. The dimensionality of the flamelet manifolds and size of flamelet libraries are also constrained due to memory and computational limitations. This limits the applicability and predictive capability of flamelet models. The traditional representative interactive flamelet (RIF) approach with multiple flamelets on the other hand involves online solution of flamelet equations and presumed probability density function (PDF) integration at each computational cell, making it attractive but computationally expensive and not suitable for LES with large cell counts. The current work discusses the development of a novel methodology that combines the advantages of an online flamelet solver along with the computational efficacy of tabulated models. The novel in situ tabulation approach consists of creating a flamelet table at each computational time step using the unsteady flamelet equations. The flamelets are then integrated in real time based on their respective scalar dissipation rate histories. This approach is capable of including history effects and unsteady chemical kinetic effects as it involves the online solution of unsteady flamelets. Implementation and comprehensive validation of the new framework is carried out against gas-jet flames as well as spray flames at high pressures. The approach is first validated for a partially premixed methane gas-jet flame in a RANS framework. The temperature and species mass fractions are compared against experimental results at different locations of a lifted flame. The approach is able to capture the transient flame characteristics. The model is then validated against an n-dodecane spray flame at high pressures in an LES framework with a 103-species n-dodecane chemistry mechanism. The model is able to capture ignition delays and flame liftoff of the n-dodecane spray over varying ambient temperature conditions. Due to the offsetting of presumed PDF integration cost, the proposed framework is shown to be faster than the traditional RIF approach, and the speedup over RIF increases with an increase in the cell count. This framework enables use of the RIF model for large cell count LES simulations.