Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary studies on the biology and host specificity of Aceria salsolae DeLillo and Sobhian (Acari, Eriophyidae) and Lixus salsolae Becker (Col., Curculionidae), two candidates for biological control of Salsola kali

Abstract: Preliminary studies on the biology and host specificity of the mite, Aceria salsolae DeLillo and Sobhian, and the weevil, Lixus salsolae Becker, were carried out in 1996 and 1997. The mite reproduced on Salsola kali L. from the USA and from Turkey (control), but not on the six species of closely related plants tested. Infected plants were stunted and did not produce flowers. The mite was found on plants in the fields in Turkey from May to October. Lixus salsolae adult feeding was heavy on most of the 10 plant species tested. The weevil reproduced only on S. kali from Turkey in 1996 and also on S. kali from California in 1997. The adults of the new generation emerged by mid‐July and oviposition occurred on leaf petioles of Beta vulgaris (Swiss chard) but the emerging larvae died during very young stages. No oviposition and no infestation was observed on sugar beet plants in sugar beet fields in Turkey in 1996 and 1997, but infestations were found in a field in China in 1997.
L'hérédité de la résistance au Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary chez le tournesol. I. Etude des réactions à deux tests mycéliens

Deux tests de selection ont ete employes sur tiges et capitules de tournesol pour estimer la resistance des tissus a l'extension du mycelium de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Ces tests ont ete compares a des observations realisees lors d'infections naturelles sur cotyledons, bourgeons et capitules. L'etude a porte sur les lignees parentales et les hybrides F1 d'un plan factoriel de croisement de 6 mâles-steriles et 6 restaureurs. La resistance est polygenique et fait intervenir des genes differents pour chaque organe. Le test sur capitule presente le meilleur niveau d'heritabilite. L'additivite apparait comme plus importante que les interactions de dominance. La valeur propre des lignees est un bon predicteur de la valeur en combinaison
Gene flow and introgression within and among three species of rockfishes, Sebastes auriculatus, S. caurinus, and S. maliger

The genus Sebastes comprises at least 100 species worldwide and is the largest genus of marine fishes in the eastern North Pacific. Species within the genus are closely related, and many sibling species exist. Allozyme analysis and restriction analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used to investigate genetic differentiation and introgression within and among three nearshore species of the subgenus Pteropodus, Sebastes auriculatus (brown rockfish), S. caurinus (copper rockfish), and S. maliger (quillback rockfish). Geographic differentiation was detected within each species in collections ranging from California to southeast Alaska. In addition, significant shifts in allozyme frequencies were noted for S. maliger from Puget Sound, Washington, and adjacent areas separated by less than 70 km. Alleles characteristic of the other two species were absent from samples of S. maliger outside Puget Sound but were consistently observed within Puget Sound. Joint analysis of the allozyme and mtDNA data indicates that introgression may be occurring between all three species in Puget Sound and that it may be an important source of diversity in Sebastes.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Staphylococcus Species in Cow’s Milk Distributed in Khartoum State

The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the bacteria load and the level of Staphylococcus Species and Staphylococcus aureus contamination in raw cow´s milk distributed in Khartoum state. One hundred and eighty samples were taken from Khartoum, Omdurman and Khartoum North, 60 samples of raw milk from healthy apparently cows in farms, 60 samples of raw milk vended by donkeys, 60 samples of raw milk vended by cars. Total Viable Bacterial count was done using standard plate count. The samples were detected for the presence of Staphylococcus Species using conventional methods, cultured in Baird-Parker and Mannitol agar, Gram Stain, biochemical tests were done. The TVBC showed that the highest bacterial load was detected in the raw milk vended by Donkey (6.90±.03 log10 cfu/ml) vended by cars (6.78±0.12 log10 cfu/ml) then the lowest bacterial load detected in the milk collected from farm (6.63±0.07 log10 cfu/ml). Out of 180 samples of raw milk studied, 130 showed contamination by Staphylococcus species corresponding to 72.2% of the samples being contaminated and out of 180 samples of raw cow´s milk 80 was contaminated with staphylococcus aureus corresponding to 44.4% of the samples.The isolated Staphylococcus species was confirmed further by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the partial sequence of 16s rRNA gene. Sequencing identified Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominies and Staphylococcus simulans. The results showed a high level of contamination by Staphylococcus Spp. and staphylococcus aureus in raw cow´s milk that distributed in Khartoum state.
Vasopressors in septic shock: which, when, and how much?

In addition to fluid resuscitation, the vasopressor therapy is a fundamental treatment of septic shock-induced hypotension as it aims at correcting the vascular tone depression and then at improving organ perfusion pressure. Experts’ recommendations currently position norepinephrine (NE) as the first-line vasopressor in septic shock. Vasopressin and its analogues are only second-line vasopressors as strong recent evidence suggests no benefit of their early administration in spite of promising preliminary data. Early administration of NE may allow achieving the initial mean arterial pressure (MAP) target faster and reducing the risk of fluid overload. The diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) as a marker of vascular tone, helps identifying the patients who need NE urgently. Available data suggest a MAP of 65 mmHg as the initial target but a more individualized approach is often required depending on several factors such as history of chronic hypertension or value of central venous pressure (CVP). In cases of refractory hypotension, increasing NE up to doses ≥1 µg/kg/min could be an option. However, current experts’ guidelines suggest to combine NE with other vasopressors such as vasopressin, with the intent to rising the MAP to target or to decrease the NE dosage.
The balanced scorecard for school management: case study of Thai public schools

This study aims to develop and empirically test the balanced scorecard for public schools in Thailand. ,Data were obtained from 3,351 public schools in Thailand. Structural equation modelling was used as a statistical tool to analyse the data. ,The results showed that there are cause-and-effect relationships between students, internal processes and learning and growth perspectives in the balanced scorecard. Nevertheless, a relationship with the resources perspective was not found. ,The sampled schools in this study might be different from normal public schools because these schools get some support from the private sector. Thus, the generalisation of the findings should be made with caution. ,The proposed balanced scorecard model that has been empirically tested in this study can be used in public schools to help manage their organisation. These schools can start with a generic model and modify it to suit their organisation. ,Most of the studies on the application of the balanced scorecard for schools did not test the validity of the framework because of the lack of available data. This study was among the first to empirically test the relationships between perspectives in the balanced scorecard model for public schools. Additionally, the balanced scorecard can be a useful tool for non-managers who work in public schools.
Using scaffolded text with systematic progression of spelling patterns to promote Hispanic children’s early literacy

ABSTRACT This comparative, descriptive study examined the relationship between text-type use and early literacy outcomes of English language decoding ability. The representative sample was 80 grade 1 students receiving reading instruction using English language materials with a focus on the Spanish speaking, Hispanic English Language Learner (ELL) using scaffolded text when learning to read. The research aims were about specific pairwise comparisons. The comparisons were analyzed with t tests, noting the mean differences in correct number of English words decoded from a list of 253 words. Words correctly decoded were tallied for each student. There were three groups and two comparisons. Group 1: Hispanic, ELL receiving reading instruction using scaffolded text (ST)*. Group 2: Hispanic, ELL using non-scaffolded text (NST)*. Group 3: English only (EO) students using NST. Comparison 1: Group 1 and Group 2. Comparison 2: Group 1 and Group 3. Results show that Group 1 correctly decoded significantly more words than Group 2. Group 1 correctly decoded more words than Group 3; this difference was not statistically significant. Results of this study provide preliminary support for the use of scaffolded text in helping Hispanic ELL decode English text.
Prey diversity and selectivity of the African fish eagle: data from a roost in northern Kenya

A total of 1872 bones from a fish eagle roost at Lake Turkana, Kenya was identified and analysed to provide data on fish eagle prey and diet. The approach of this study complements field observation studies in that it provides a long-term analysis and quantification of the diet, rather than short qualitative observations. The study found that, at least where fish is relatively abundant, fish eagles are both selective and opportunistic: selective in taking preferred fish in much greater proportions than natural availability, and also in avoiding unwanted fish regardless of abundance, but opportunistic in taking certain other species in proportion to their availability. They also show considerable selection in size and habitat preferences of prey. Non-fish prey forms a considerable proportion of the diet, and probably represents both opportunistic hunting, possibly when conditions for fishing are poor, and killing of other predators robbing fish eagle nests. As well as describing and quantifying the fish eagle diet at Lake Turkana, data from this study suggest that further study is needed to quantify the impact of fish eagle predation on Clarias lazera, a rare, but valuable species to the Lake Turkana fishery. The study of bird roost prey remains also provides baseline data for studies of fossil microfaunal accumulations. Scatters of bones under fish eagle roosts are common in eastern Africa, and undoubtedly contribute to many of the fossil bone accumulations recovered. One of us (DM) has noted that the taxonomic and skeletal composition of the Koobi Fora roost bears a great resemblance to some of the clusters she is analysing from Olduvai Gorge. Further similar studies will provide additional data on bird roost accumulations.
Purification and characterization of extremely thermo-stable glutamate dehydrogenase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis.

Glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate: NADP oxidoreductase, deaminating, EC 1.4.1.4) from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus litoralis DSM 5473 was purified to homogeneity from the crude extract. The enzyme had a molecular mass of about 300 kDa and consisted of six subunits with identical molecular masses of 37 kDa. The enzyme was extremely themostable; the activity was not lost after incubation at 95°C for 30 min and at pH 7–11 at 80°C for 20 min. The maximum enzyme activity in L-glutamate deamination was obtained around 95°C. Both optimum pHs for L-glutamate deamination and a-ketoglutarate amination were around 7.8. The enzyme exclusively catalyzed the oxidative deamination of L-glutamate in the presence of NADP but showed low amino acceptor specificity; several α-keto acids such as α-ketocaporoate, α-ketovalerate and pyruvate were also aminated as well as α-ketoglutarate in the presence of NADPH and ammonia. Michaelis constants for the substrates were as follows: NADP, 0.045 mM; L-glutamate, 2.1.
Cytogenetical Studies in Seven Ornamental Species of Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae)

Chrysanthemum belongs to the Asteraceae family and comprises of 200 species, with the ma-jority being cultivated. Many of the species of Chrysanthemum show self-incompatibility and inter-specific hybrids (Heywood and Humphries 1977). The perennial species of Chrysanthemum have a number of polyploid cytotypes, whereas annuals are mainly diploid in nature. Many of these dip-loids are selfincompatible and heterozygous for reciprocal translocations (Rana 1965, Rana and Jain 1965, Gill and Gupta 1981, Paria and Pradhan 1970). Gupta and Gill (1981) reported that about 40% of the open pollinated taxa of C. coronarium are heterozygous for reciprocal transloca-tions in plants with radiate heads, whereas the frequency of structural hybridity is low in plants with ligulate heads. C. coronarium and C. carinatum, two annual diploid species that are self-in-compatible with a lot of structural heterozygosity, were crossed by Nilson (1964) to produce hy-brids. Gupta and Gill (1985) pointed out that C. coronarium has adopted for chromosomal aberra-tions as an evolutionary process rather than polyploidy because induced autotetraploids were found to be unstable. The present attempt is made to study detailed meiotic behaviour and chiasmata fre-quency in Chrysanthemum species.
Ecology of Anthocoris nemorum (L.) (Het.: Anthocoridae) and evaluation of its potential effectiveness for biological control of pear psylla

L'evolution des populations d'Anthocoris nemorum (L.) et du psylle du poirier est etudiee dans des vergers de la region parisienne. A. nemorum est abondant en automne seulement sur les poiriers ou, apparemment, il recherche des abris d'hibernation. En ete, il prefere se tenir dans la strate herbacee, en particulier les orties, ou il attaque divers insectes plus favorables que Psylla pyri (L.) a sa proliferation. Dans la region de Paris, A. nemorum developpe 3 generations chevauchantes et les femelles hivernantes presentent un simple ralentissement de leur developpement ovarien et non une diapause ovarienne. Le comportement de predation d'A. nemorum est decrit. Sa voracite, l'effet de la densite de proies sur la voracite du predateur et ses performances reproductrices ont ete evalues en presence de plusieurs especes-proies. La valeur nutritive assez faible de P. pyri comme proie et la mauvaise qualite des feuilles de poirier comme site de ponte pour A. nemorum font que ce predateur est trop peu lie au psylle du poirier pour etre considere comme un agent biologique potentiel dans la lutte contre le ravageur
Age-specific reproductive performance of female polar bears ( Ursus maritimus )

Age-specific patterns of maternal weight, litter size, litter weight and reproductive effort were investigated for polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from western Hudson Bay. Most relationships were described by quadratic equations. Maternal weight in spring and autumn increased until 17 and 15 years of age, respectively, and then declined. Age-related increases in maternal weight were thought to be associated with improving hunting skills. The relationships between age and litter size, litter weight and reproductive effort, in both the spring and autumn, increased until 14 to 16 years, followed by a decline. We speculate that age-related decreases in reproductive performance are due to undetennined processes associated with ageing that impair the accumulation of fat stores necessary for reproduction. Pregnant females lost an average of 127 kg overwinter which represented an average of 43.5% of their autumn weight. Fat stores remaining after the overwinter fast may be critical for maintaining an energy supply to cubs once they return to the sea ice where the distribution and abundance of their prey is unpredictable. We suggest that maternal condition is an important factor contributing to lifetime reproductive success in polar bears.
Between de Jure and de Facto: Embedding Western Concepts of Social Entrepreneurship in Post-Socialist Reality

Abstract This article takes a historical perspective to explain the development of the concept of social entrepreneurship, divergence between the forms of social enterprises (SEs) de jure and de facto in a post-Socialist society and approaches to typical tensions experienced by SEs as hybrid organisations. In this respect, the paper presents a framework of eight contrasting conceptual dimensions (i.e. possible institutional tensions) based on the analysis of prior social entrepreneurship studies and identifies respective tensions experienced by SEs based on data from Lithuania. The data were generated from semi-structured interviews (N = 11) with social entrepreneurship experts and from a survey with a semantic differential method in a sample of the participants (N = 98) in the largest conference on social entrepreneurship in Lithuania. This study concludes that understandings of social entrepreneurship in Lithuania are blurred by a dichotomy between SEs de jure and de facto which is set by current legal acts. The findings also indicate that social entrepreneurship insiders no longer perceive any controversy between social mission and businesslike activities. However, external attitudes as expressed in experts’ interviews may still hinder SEs’ attainment of social impact, one of the three dimensions (founding motives and innovation types being the other two) that is little reflected by social entrepreneurship insiders of a post-Socialist society in which the phenomenon is at a nascent stage. Directions for further research to bring contribution to institutional theory are suggested.
The role of genes influencing the corolla in pollination of Antirrhinum majus

Studies of pollination ecology have been hindered by an absence of biochemical information about the basis of polymorphism. Using model plants and mutant lines described by molecular genetics may circumvent this difficulty. Mutation of genes controlling petal colour and petal epidermal cell shape in Antirrhinum majus was previously shown to influence fruit set. White flowers set less fruit than magenta flowers and mutants with flat petal epidermal cells set less fruit than flowers with conical cells. Here we analyse the causal pathway underlying this phenomenon through a study of floral characteristics and bee behaviour. Results indicate that bees recognized plants with magenta conical-celled flowers at a distance and did not approach white flowers or magenta flat-celled flowers so frequently. Petal cell shape interacted with colour in determining whether an approaching bee landed on a flower within a plot and whether a bee landing on a flower would probe it. The intrafloral temperature of flowers with conical petal cells was shown to increase with solar irradiance, unlike the intrafloral temperature of flowers with flat petal cells. The difference in fruit set may reflect pollinator discrimination between genotypes as a consequence of the effect of intrafloral temperature on nectar quality and quantity.
Affective experiences to chords are modulated by mode, meter, tempo, and subjective entrainment

Mode and tempo are known to influence affective experiences during music listening. While mode (major/minor) is associated with emotional valence (positive/negative), tempo (slow/fast) is associated with emotional arousal (calm/excited). Heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) are also thought to adapt (entrain) to the tempo, leading to emotion elicitation via afferent feedback mechanisms. Here, we tested the influence of mode, tempo, and entrainment on affective experiences by recording HR, RR, and self-reported subjective entrainment and affect measures while participants (N = 20) listened to major and minor chords embedded in slow and fast isochronous, metrical, and random sequences. Though there was no effect of tempo on HR or RR, both were faster during major and metrically random chord sequences, respectively. Slower HR positively predicted visceral entrainment (VE) ratings, the extent to which one feels one’s internal rhythms changing, and fast tempo positively predicted motor entrainment (ME) ratings, the extent to which one feels like moving. Compared to minor chords, fast major chord sequences induced more feelings of vitality (positive, high arousal), while minor sequences induced more feelings of unease (negative, high, and low arousal). Both ME and VE positively predicted pleasantness ratings and positive emotions, and negatively predicted negative emotions.
Role of Audit and Governance Committee for internal Shariah audit effectiveness in Islamic banks

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of Audit and Governance Committee (AGC) for internal Shariah auditing's effectiveness in Bahrain's Islamic banks. ,This paper employed two-stage approach, i.e. collecting and analysis of data. In this paper, the interviews and literature review on AGC and internal Shariah auditor were conducted as these respondents are considered vital to Islamic banks. ,This paper posited that in building internal Shariah audit effectiveness' conceptual framework, the Islamic worldview theory may be employed as the theoretical foundation. Based on the theory, it was suggested that the Islamic bank's auditors and governance committees may enhance the internal Shariah auditors' effectiveness. ,In view of the roles of AGC on internal Shariah audit effectiveness, the current exploratory research contribute to enhance the limited knowledge about AGC by describing the practices of Bahraini Islamic banks in terms of composition, roles/duties and responsibilities and operations. This study also adds to the body literature of AGC effectiveness by identifying roles, duties and responsibilities of characterizing more active AGC and suggesting that these AGC could have a positive impact on internal Shariah audit effectiveness in Bahraini Islamic banks. Overall, this paper provides important insights for Board of Director's member can refer to AGC roles, duties and responsibilities to conduct a self-diagnosis of current practice. ,This paper uniquely seized Islamic world view for Islamic banks' AGC.
Comprehensive characterization of driver genes in diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common hematological malignancy and is one of the most frequent non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Large-scale genomic studies have defined genetic drivers of DLBCL and their association with functional and clinical outcomes. However, the lymphomagenesis of DLBCL is yet to be fully understood. In the present study, four computational tools OncodriveFM, OncodriveCLUST, integrated Cancer Genome Score and Driver Genes and Pathways were used to detect driver genes and driver pathways involved in DLBCL. The aforementioned tools were also used to perform an integrative investigation of driver genes, including co-expression network, protein-protein interaction, copy number variation and survival analyses. The present study identified 208 driver genes and 31 driver pathways in DLBCL. IGLL5, MLL2, BTG2, B2M, PIM1, CARD11 were the top five frequently mutated genes in DLBCL. NOTCH3, LAMC1, COL4A1, PDGFRB and KDR were the 5 hub genes in the blue module that were associated with patient age. TP53, MYC, EGFR, PTEN, IL6, STAT3, MAPK8, TNF and CDH1 were at the core of the protein-protein interaction network. PRDM1, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, TNFAIP3, RSPO3 were the top five frequently deleted driver genes in DLBCL, while ACTB, BTG2, PLET1, CARD11, DIXDC1 were the top five frequently amplified driver genes in DLBCL. High EIF3B, MLH1, PPP1CA and RECQL4 expression was associated with decreased overall survival rate of patients with DLBCL. High XPO1 and LYN expression were associated with increased overall survival rate of patients with DLBCL. The present study improves the understanding of the biological processes and pathways involved in lymphomagenesis. The driver genes, EIF3B, MLH1, PPP1CA, RECQL4, XPO1 and LYN, pave the way for developing prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies for DLBCL.