Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ECNU at SemEval-2016 Task 4: An Empirical Investigation of Traditional NLP Features and Word Embedding Features for Sentence-level and Topic-level Sentiment Analysis in Twitter

This paper reports our submissions to Task 4, i.e., Sentiment Analysis in Twitter (SAT), in SemEval 2016, which consists of five subtasks grouped into two levels: (1) sentence level, i.e., message polarity classification (subtask A), and (2) topic level, i.e., tweet classification and quantification according to two-point scale (subtask B and D) or five-point scale (subtask C and E). We participated in all these five subtasks. To address these subtasks, we investigated several traditional Natural Language Processing (NLP) features including sentiment lexicon, linguistic and domain specific features, and word embedding features together with supervised machine learning methods. Officially released results showed that our systems rank above average.
Simulation of Control Structures for Slug Flow in Riser during Oil Production

The occurrence of slug flow is a common problem arising in the oil well riser pipeline. To eliminate such slug flow, various control structures along with state estimation are designed and compared in this paper. Nonlinear model based predictive scheme are compared with classical PI controllers for three different control structures. One of the control structure is based on controlling the mass of the liquid in the riser pipeline, for which, an Unscented Kalman Filter is designed to estimate the mass. The simulation results show that the model based controllers perform relatively better than the classical controllers. Although computationally expensive, the control algorithm used in this paper for model based control still makes it real time implementable.
Analysis of a Classification-based Policy Iteration Algorithm

We present a classification-based policy iteration algorithm, called Direct Policy Iteration, and provide its finite-sample analysis. Our results state a performance bound in terms of the number of policy improvement steps, the number of rollouts used in each iteration, the capacity of the considered policy space, and a new capacity measure which indicates how well the policy space can approximate policies that are greedy w.r. t. any of its members. The analysis reveals a tradeoff between the estimation and approximation errors in this classification-based policy iteration setting. We also study the consistency of the method when there exists a sequence of policy spaces with increasing capacity.
Measuring Plan Diversity: Pathologies in Existing Approaches and A New Plan Distance Metric

In this paper we present a plan-plan distance metric based on Kolmogorov(Algorithmic) complexity. Generating diverse sets of plans is useful for task ssuch as probing user preferences and reasoning about vulnerability to cyberattacks. Generating diverse plans, and comparing different diverse planning approaches requires a domain-independent, theoretically motivated definition of the diversity distance between plans. Previously proposed diversity measures are not theoretically motivated, and can provide inconsistent results on the sameplans. We define the diversity of plans in terms of how surprising one plan is givenanother or, its inverse, the conditional information in one plan givenanother. Kolmogorov complexity provides a domain independent theory of conditional information. While Kolmogorov complexity is not computable, a related metric, Normalized Compression Distance (NCD), provides a well-behaved approximation. In this paper we introduce NCD as an alternative diversity metric, and analyze its performance empirically, in comparison with previous diversity measures, showing strengths and weaknesses of each.We also examine the use of different compressor sin NCD. We show how NCD can be used to select a training set for HTN learning,giving an example of the utility of diversity metrics. We conclude withsuggestions for future work on improving, extending, and applying it to serve new applications.
Prevalence and characteristics of children with special health care needs.

BACKGROUND Children with special health care needs (SHCNs) are an important population from health care services, economic, and policy perspectives. However, until recently, no national data on their prevalence and health care service needs that use a commonly accepted definition have existed. OBJECTIVE To provide national estimates of the number of children with SHCNs and their characteristics, including an assessment of how well their needs are being met. SETTING The United States. PARTICIPANTS Interviews were conducted by telephone with the families of 38 866 children with SHCNs younger than 18 years using the State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey platform developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of SHCNs, demographic and socioeconomic correlates of SHCNs, access to care, satisfaction with care, and impact on the family. RESULTS An estimated 12.8% of US children experienced an SHCN in 2001. Prevalence was highest among boys, school-age children, and children in lower-income families. A substantial minority of these children experienced unmet health needs (17.7%) or lacked critical elements of family-centered health care (33.5%). The impact on families was pronounced, as 20.9% reported their child's health care caused financial problems, and 29.9% reported cutting back or quitting work because of their child's condition. These adverse child- and family-level impacts were concentrated among low-income and uninsured children with SHCNs. CONCLUSIONS Children with SHCNs and their families represent an important underserved population. In addition, substantial disparities are present in access, satisfaction, and family impact.
How tourists’ perceived environmental value on Wetland Park Tourism influences their pro-environmental behavior

With the rapid development of wetland eco-tourism, tourists play more important roles in wetland tourism resources conservation. Increasing attention has been directed at studies of tourists’ perceived value and there are some existing studies about wetland eco-tourists’ perceived value and tourists’ pro-environmental behavior. However, the relationships between the two has not been examined yet. To fill the gap, this paper is aimed at better understanding the relationships between the two, and how situational factors influence the relationship. Taking Haizhu Lake Wetland Park as a case, a questionnaire survey was conducted. This paper used hierarchical multiple regression/correlation (HMRC) to examine the moderating effects of situational factors. Results showed that tourists’ environmental value perceptions do influence their pro-environmental behavior, and situational factors moderate the relationship between environmental value perception and pro-environmental behavior. Based on the results, proposals were offered to improve tourist’s perceived environmental value and pro-environmental behavior. Meanwhile, some recommendations and references were provided for wetland eco-tourism to realize wetland parks’ sustainable development.
The Resource Benefits Evaluation Model on Remanufacturing Processes of End-of-Life Construction Machinery under the Uncertainty in Recycling Price

In the process of end-of-life construction machinery remanufacturing, the existence of uncertainties in all aspects of the remanufacturing process increase the difficulty and complexity of resource benefits evaluation for them. To quantify the effects of those uncertainty factors, this paper makes a mathematical analysis of the recycling and remanufacturing processes, building a resource benefits evaluation model for the end-of-life construction machinery. The recycling price and the profits of remanufacturers can thereby be obtained with a maximum remanufacturing resource benefit. The study investigates the change regularity of the resource benefits, recycling price, and profits of remanufacturers when the recycling price, quality fluctuation coefficient, demand coefficient, and the reusing ratio of products or parts are varying. In the numerical experiment, we explore the effects of uncertainties on the remanufacturing decisions and the total expected costs. The simulated analysis shows when the quality fluctuation coefficient is approaching to 1, the values of the profits of remanufacturer, the maximal resource benefits and recycling price grade into constants.
Molecular Characterization of Caveolin Association with the Golgi Complex: Identification of a Cis-Golgi Targeting Domain in the Caveolin Molecule

Caveolins are integral membrane proteins which are a major component of caveolae. In addition, caveolins have been proposed to cycle between intracellular compartments and the cell surface but the exact trafficking route and targeting information in the caveolin molecule have not been defined. We show that antibodies against the caveolin scaffolding domain or against the COOH terminus of caveolin-1 show a striking specificity for the Golgi pool of caveolin and do not recognize surface caveolin by immunofluorescence. To analyze the Golgi targeting of caveolin in more detail, caveolin mutants were expressed in fibroblasts. Specific mutants lacking the NH2 terminus were targeted to the cis Golgi but were not detectable in surface caveolae. Moreover, a 32–amino acid segment of the putative COOH-terminal cytoplasmic domain of caveolin-3 was targeted specifically and exclusively to the Golgi complex and could target a soluble heterologous protein, green fluorescent protein, to this compartment. Palmitoylation-deficient COOH-terminal mutants showed negligible association with the Golgi complex. This study defines unique Golgi targeting information in the caveolin molecule and identifies the cis Golgi complex as an intermediate compartment on the caveolin cycling pathway.
Optimal sensor placement

The author defines the problem of optimal sensor placement in two-dimensional space to address the issue of choosing a configuration of multiple sensors to minimize the uncertainty in the consensus estimate obtained by combining the sensor measurements. The algebraic structure of sensor errors with respect to sensor placement is studied, and a necessary condition for the optimal placement is derived. The solution to the problem is obtained by comparing sensor configurations that satisfy the necessary condition. The method does not assume specific sensor modality and is applicable to sensors of any type that are capable of providing position information. <<ETX>>
A Climatological Analysis of the Extent of Rainfall Produced Over the U.S. by Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones

In the U.S., rainfall associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) has caused significant impacts. Flooding from TCs has caused numerous fatalities and economic losses (Rappaport 2000; Czajkowski et al. 2011; Rappaport 2014). On the other hand, TC rainfall can have a positive hydro-climatic influence on the ecological system when alleviating drought conditions (Sugg 1968; Maxwell et al. 2012; Brun and Barros 2014). To better understand the inland impact of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP), it is important to know the extent of TCP produced during each event where the extent is defined as the area receiving rainfall greater than a certain threshold (Rezapour and Baldock 2014). Producing a spatial climatology from these rainfall swaths provides a measure of how far from the storm track TCP can extend on average, and facilitates the identification of locations that receive TCP. Many studies separate TCP from rainfall generated by other weather systems by searching a uniform radius and attribute all rainfall within this radius to the TC. The most common span is 500to 600-km from the storm track (Lonfat et al. 2004; Larson et al. 2005; Lonfat et al. 2007b; Kunkel et al. 2010; Nogueira and Keim 2010; Villarini et al. 2011; Prat and Nelson 2012; Hernández-Ayala and Matyas 2016). Yet rainfall patterns in landfalling TCs do vary among individual storms (Konrad et al. 2002; Matyas 2006; Chen et al. 2010; Matyas 2010b, 2010a). Thus, applying a uniform search radius may underestimate or overestimate TCP area. To account for variations in TC size, Zhu and Quiring (2013) used moving buffers representing the radius of the outermost closed
Peri‐epithelial origin of prostanoids in the human colon

The biology of prostanoids in the normal human colon is only beginning to be understood. We used in situ and in vitro techniques to define the lineage, number, per cell enzyme content, and epithelial functional effect of prostaglandin‐generating cells, identified by the presence of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX 1). Immunohistochemical results were quantitated densitometrically, and cell surface staining in situ was verified by flow cytometry of isolated cells and by Western blotting. Three populations of COX 1+ mucosal cells were identified, based on their morphology and local distribution in human mucosa; these were in the intra‐epithelial, crypt apical, and lamina propria regions, with each containing a similar amount of COX 1 protein on a per cell basis. The most numerous were COX 1+ mononuclear cells in the lamina propria, identified as CD3+ T lymphocytes, both in situ and ex vivo. In toto, 21% of lamina propria mononuclear cells were COX 1+, and over 50% of these cells were CD3+ T cells. Findings were similar in the colon with mild‐moderate inflammation due to ulcerative colitis. Using established surface markers, intra‐epithelial and crypt apical COX 1+ cells were non‐lymphoid CD45+ leukocytes; neither IgA (B‐lymphocytes) nor α‐smooth muscle actin (myelofibroblasts) was co‐expressed on these COX 1+ cells. Examining the effect of a major product of COX 1 in an in vitro system of human colonic epithelial monolayers, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in low concentration (10−6 M) enhanced epithelial barrier function and partially protected epithelia from the barrier‐disruptive consequences of a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, IFN‐γ. We conclude that the human colon contains three tiers of cell types for local synthesis of prostanoids, distinguishable by their location, morphology, and cell lineage. Further, maintenance of the barrier function of colonic epithelium may be added to other cell functions in mucosa regulated, in part, by prostanoids. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ONE MILLILITRE INJECTIONS OF Rho(D) IMMUNE GLOBULIN (HUMAN) IN PREVENTION OF Rh IMMUNIZATION A FURTHER REPORT ON THE CLINICAL TRIAL

The final results of a clinical trial of 1 ml injections of Rho(D) immune globulin (human) (equivalent to 1,200 μg anti‐D) for a period of some months after delivery are reported. Data in relation to the 11 control mothers who became immunized during the study are also reported. One millilitre of potent Rho(D) immune globulin (human) injected into Rh negative mothers at risk within 72 hours of delivery of an ABO compatible, Rh positive baby will prevent development of circulating anti‐D antibody in the period of six weeks to six months after the injection when such antibodies usually appear.
Laboratory Investigation of Dynamic Strain Development in Sandstone and Carbonate Rocks Under Diametrical Compression Using Digital-Image Correlation

Understanding the mechanical behavior (compression, shear, or tension) of rocks plays an important role in wellbore-stability design and hydraulic-fracturing optimization. Among rock mechanical properties, strain is a critical parameter describing rock deformation under stress with respect to its original condition, yet conventional methods for strain measurement have several deficiencies. In this paper, we analyze the application of the optical method digital-image correlation (DIC) to provide detailed information regarding fracture patterns and dynamic strain development under Brazilian testing conditions. The effects of porosity, rock type, lamination, and saturation (freshwater and brine) on indirect tensile strength are also discussed. To examine the effect of rock type, 60 samples of sandstone (Parker, Nugget, and Berea) and carbonate rocks (Winterset Limestone, Silurian Dolomite, Edwards Brown Carbonate, and Austin Chalk) were tested under dry and saturated conditions with regard to lamination angle in laminated samples. A photogrammetry system was used to monitor the samples in a noncontact manner while conducting the indirect tensile experiment. DIC depends on the photogrammetry system, which helps to visualize and examine rock-fracture patterns from the recorded images of the rock before and after deformation by assessing the strain development in samples. The experimental results show the following. Average tensile strength declines with increasing porosity for homogeneous, laminated, and heterogeneous rock specimens. Lower tensile strengths are observed in carbonate-rock samples compared with sandstones, except for Silurian Dolomite. Saturation reduces rock strength; for homogeneous samples, the highest strength decline (28%) was observed in Berea Sandstone, whereas the largest decrease (65%) for heterogeneous samples was observed in fully heterogeneous Edwards Brown Carbonate samples. Increase of lamination angle (from 0 to 90°) affects the tensile strength. Average tensile strength observed for the Parker and Nugget Sandstones was greater in the direction perpendicular to the lamination direction (θ = 90°) compared with that of the parallel direction (θ = 0°). Fracture patterns examined for homogeneous rocks are nearly centrally propagated and relatively linear. Three different fracture patterns (central fracture, layer activation, and noncentral or mixed mode) were investigated for laminated and heterogeneous samples. Finally, DIC results illustrated the fracture creation and propagation with consistent strain mapping. The homogeneous samples produced a uniform fracture strain until the diametrical split, where the laminated samples were influenced by planes of weakness and fully heterogeneous anisotropic rocks produced winding and erratic fractures.
Applying Patterns to Develop Extensible and Maintainable ORB Middleware

Distributed object computing forms the basis for nextgeneration application middleware. At the heart of distributed object computing are Object Request Brokers (ORBs), which automate many tedious and error-prone distributed programming tasks. Like many other distributed applications, conventional ORBs use statically configured software designs, which are hard to maintain, port, and optimize. Likewise, conventional ORBs cannot be extended without modifying their source code, which forces recompilation, relinking, and restarting running ORBs and their associated application objects. This article makes two contributions to the study of extensible and maintainable ORB middleware. First, it presents a case study of key design patterns needed to develop ORBs that can be dynamically configured and evolved for specific application requirements and system characteristics. Second, we quantify the impact of applying patterns to reduce the complexity and improve the maintainability of common ORB tasks.
seed augmentation has a limited effect on species diversity of sand-dwelling ants

Enrichment experiments can provide useful information on the coexistence mechanisms by which resources are shared among species within an assemblage. In this study, we examined the effect of artificial seed augmentation on the diversity of seed-eating ant species at the Mash’abim Sands Nature Reserve in the Negev Desert in Israel. In a two-year experiment, the foraging activity of the different ant species was observed at two-month intervals, during both night and day, in nine plots that were enriched daily with millet and sunflower seeds. Each plot was divided into 20 stations. The nine plots were randomly assigned to each of three seed-enrichment treatments: no seed addition (control); addition of seeds that were available only for ants (Ant); or addition of seeds that were available for both ants and rodents (Ant+Rod). Eight seed-eating ant species were observed at the baits, three of which were specialist seed-eaters, and the other five were generalist species. The results reveal no significant effect of seed augmentation on ant species diversity. However, there was a trend of increase in diversity in the Ant compared to the control plots during the day. This increase contradicts the hypothesis that seed-enrichment in deserts would lead to decreased ant species diversity due to increased inter-specific or inter-taxon competition due to increased territoriality of either the dominant ant or rodent species, respectively. Our finding agrees with a growing number of studies in ants that revealed either an increase or no change in diversity following artificial resource augmentation.
AIB1:ERa Transcriptional Activity Is Selectively Enhanced in Aromatase Inhibitor–Resistant Breast Cancer Cells

Purpose: The use of aromatase inhibitors (AI) in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, postmenopausal breast cancer has proven efficacy. However, inappropriate activation of ER target genes has been implicated in the development of resistant tumors. The ER coactivator protein AIB1 has previously been associated with initiation of breast cancer and resistance to endocrine therapy. Experimental Design: Here, we investigated the role of AIB1 in the deregulation of ER target genes occurring as a consequence of AI resistance using tissue microarrays of patients with breast cancer and cell line models of resistance to the AI letrozole. Results: Expression of AIB1 associated with disease recurrence (P 1⁄4 0.025) and reduced disease-free survival time (P1⁄4 0.0471) in patients treatedwith anAI as first-line therapy. In a cell linemodel of resistance to letrozole (LetR), we found ERa/AIB1 promoter recruitment and subsequent expression of the classic ER target genes pS2 and Myc to be constitutively upregulated in the presence of both androstenedione and letrozole. In contrast, the recruitment of the ERa/AIB1 transcriptional complex to the nonclassic ER target cyclin D1 and its subsequent expression remained sensitive to steroid treatment and could be inhibited by treatment with letrozole. Molecular studies revealed that this may be due in part to direct steroid regulation of c-jun-NH2-kinase (JNK), signaling to Jun and Fos at the cyclin D1 promoter. Conclusion: This study establishes a role for AIB1 in AI-resistant breast cancer and describes a new mechanismof ERa/AIB1 gene regulationwhich could contribute to the development of an aggressive tumor phenotype. Clin Cancer Res; 18(12); 3305–15. 2012 AACR.