Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PII: S0925-4773(99)00190-2

In the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila embryos lacking regulator of cyclin A (rca1) or cyclin A, we observe that several ganglion mother cells (GMCs) fail to divide. Whereas GMCs normally produce two sibling neurons that acquire different fates (`A/B'), nondividing GMCs differentiate exclusively in the manner of one of their progeny (`B'). In zygotic numb mutants, sibling neuron fate alterations (`A/B' to `A/A') occur infrequently or do not occur in some sibling pairs; we have determined that depletion of both maternal and zygotic numb causes sibling neurons to acquire equalized fates (`A/A') with near-complete expressivity. In rca1, numb mutant embryos, we observe binary cell fate changes (`B' to `A') in several GMCs as well. Finally, we have demonstrated that expression of Delta in the mesoderm is suf®cient to attain both sibling fates. Our results indicate that the intrinsic determinant Numb is absolutely required to attain differential sibling neuron fates. While the extrinsic factors Notch and Delta are also required to attain both fates, our results indicate that Delta signal can be received from outside the sibling pair. q 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
PII: S0042-6989(01)00002-5

Pictures of facial expressions from the Ekman and Friesen set (Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., (1976). Pictures of facial affect. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press) were submitted to a principal component analysis (PCA) of their pixel intensities. The output of the PCA was submitted to a series of linear discriminant analyses which revealed three principal findings: (1) a PCA-based system can support facial expression recognition, (2) continuous two-dimensional models of emotion (e.g. Russell, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1161–1178) are reflected in the statistical structure of the Ekman and Friesen facial expressions, and (3) components for coding facial expression information are largely different to components for facial identity information. The implications for models of face processing are discussed. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gamma Fragility

We document a link between large aggregate dealers' gamma imbalances and intraday momentum/reversal of stock returns,<br>arising from the potential feedback effects of delta-hedging in derivative markets on the underlying market. <br>This channel relies on limited liquidity of the underlying market, but it is distinct from information frictions (adverse selection and private information) and funding liquidity frictions (margin requirement shocks). <br>We test our joint hypothesis using a large panel of equity options that we use to compute a proxy of stock-level gamma imbalance. <br>We find supporting evidence that intra-day momentum (reversal) is explained by the interaction of negative (positive) ex-ante gamma imbalance and and illiquidity. <br>The effect is stronger for the least liquid underlying securities. <br>Our results help to explain both intra-day volatility and autocorrelation of returns. <br>Moreover, we find that gamma imbalance is related to the frequency and the magnitude of flash crash events.
A Study on Menstrual Hygiene Management at the Bottom of Pyramid in India

The research paper examines the problems related to menarche and menstruation at the bottom of the pyramid in India. The purpose of the research is to promote menstrual health management (MHM) at the bottom of the pyramid to promote well-being of girls and women and to reduce absenteeism and drop-out rates in schools in rural India. India scores lowest in sanitary napkin usage in the world. Lack of awareness and education regarding menarche contributes to anxiety, fear and abuse among young girls. Commercial products like sanitary pads, tampons and menstrual cups are less widely available and often unaffordable. Due to poor menstrual hygiene practices more than 70% of women are diagnosed with serious vaginal and urinary tract infections each year. There is urgent need for Government, NGO’s and corporates to collaborate together to provide affordable and sustainable menstrual hygiene management solutions for the welfare of the community at large.
Do firms Use Non-GAAP Earnings to Mask their Poor Performance and Get Away with it?

While research generally agrees on the informativeness of non-GAAP disclosure, evidence on managers' opportunistic non-GAAP reporting has been accumulated as well. Regulators and the press continue their worries about discretionary non-GAAP reporting and its implication on capital markets, even after SEC's several interventions. We explore how the markets price managers' opportunistic non-GAAP reporting and find that aggressive non-GAAP reporting of firms in the negative tail of GAAP earnings surprises and firms that fail to meet GAAP analysts forecast is rewarded in the capital market. Our result illustrates that the market may draw a thin line between non-GAAP's informativeness and opportunism.
Split-face Comparative Study of Efficacy of Platelet-rich Plasma Combined with Microneedling versus Microneedling alone in Treatment of Post-acne Scars

Abstract Context: Skin conditions contribute substantial burden toward global morbidity and mortality. Acne vulgaris, with its rising prevalence, has become a cause of concern among researchers as well as dermatologists due to scarring. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of microneedling alone versus microneedling combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in post-acne scars using a split-face method. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with atrophic post-acne facial scars were offered four sittings of treatment monthly once. As a standard protocol, the right side of the face was subjected to microneedling with PRP (Group A) and the left side of the face with microneedling alone (Group B). Objective evaluation of improvement was performed by the physician recording the acne scar assessment score at baseline and thereafter at every visit using Goodman and Baron scale. Alongside patients also graded the improvement in acne scars at the end of the study. Statistical Analysis Used: The collected information was entered in MS Excel (Bellevue, WA, USA) and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The significance of the outcomes of the study was assessed by calculating the P value and the value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of patients was 25 years. Thirteen (43%) patients in Group A had an excellent response as compared to 6 (20%) patients in Group B according to physician assessment. Patient’s satisfaction was more in Group A as compared to Group B as 11 (36%) patients had more than 75% improvement in Group A as compared to 1 (3%) patient in Group B. Conclusion: The study showed a decrease in scar severity grade in all the patients enrolled for treatment. However, the combined use of microneedling and PRP was found to be more effective than a single method used for treatment of acne scars.
The Wage-Price Pass-Through in the Euro Area: Does the Growth Regime Matter?

This paper explores whether the transmission mechanism between wages and prices in the euro area is affected by the growth regime. Since the great financial crisis inflation developments have posed major puzzles to economists as inflation declined by less than was widely expected during the past recessions and rose by less during the subsequent recoveries. This paper analyses whether the wage-price pass-through may have contributed to these inflation puzzles. Applying the Threshold VAR model proposed by Alessandri and Mumtaz (2017) to the analysis of the wage-price pass-through, the paper examines whether the transmission mechanim of different types of shocks differs between recessions and expansions. The results point to differences in the wage-price pass-through between growth regimes for demand shocks but not for wage mark-up shocks. They show a much smaller response of prices relative to wages, i.e. a smaller wage-price pass-through, for demand shocks in recessions than in expansions. This is accounted for by a smaller relative response of profit margins. More generally, the results suggest that the slope of the price Phillips curve flattens in recessions on account of the lower wage-price pass-through, while the wage Phillips curve appears to be broadly stable across growth regimes. Overall, the results contribute to solve or diminish the puzzle of the missing disinflation of the past two recessions suggesting that inflation should be expected to recede by less during recessions than indicated by standard linear models.
Equity Returns, Unemployment, and Monetary Policy

We investigate both theoretically and empirically how unemployment level and its growth affect future stock returns. We find that both a higher unemployment rate and higher growth of unemployment positively predict future stock market returns. In our model, the effects come through their negative effect on equity market participation. Importantly, the two effects reinforce each other making stock returns exceptionally high in periods of high unemployment and high unemployment growth. Our findings are robust to alternative specifications, including using lagged unemployment data or unemployment forecasts. We document and examine theoretically why the same measures related to unemployment predict also the FED’s monetary policy. Controlling for FED’s future policies does not take away the return predictability.
Early initiation of PD therapy in elderly patients is associated with increased risk of death

Abstract Background The effect of early initiation of dialysis on outcomes of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains controversial. We conducted this study to investigate the association between the timing of peritoneal dialysis (PD) initiation and mortality in different age groups. Methods In this single-centre cohort study, incident patients receiving PD from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2016 were enrolled. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the initiation of PD, with early, mid and late initiation of PD defined as eGFR ≥7.5, 5–7.5 and <5 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Results A total of 2133 incident patients receiving PD were enrolled with a mean age of 47.1 years, 59.6% male and 25.3% with diabetes, of whom 1803 were young (age <65 years) and 330 were elderly (age ≥65 years). After multivariable adjustment, the overall and cardiovascular (CV) mortality risks for young patients receiving PD were not significantly different between these three groups. However, for elderly patients, early initiation of PD therapy was associated with increased risks of all-cause {hazard ratio [HR} 1.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.25]} and CV [HR 2.07 (95% CI 1.24–3.48)] mortality compared with late initiation of PD, while no significant difference was observed in overall or CV mortality between the mid- and late-start groups. Conclusions No significant difference in mortality risk was found among the three levels of eGFR at PD therapy initiation in young patients, while early initiation of PD was associated with a higher risk of overall and CV mortality among elderly patients.
Measuring the Predictability of the Oil and Gas Stock Returns and the Performances of Moving Average Trading Rules

The paper re-examines whether investors can predict oil and gas stock prices for abnormal returns using autocorrelation-based trading and filter rules and moving average based strategies. Short and long lengths moving averages were employed and their performances measured against the returns from simple buy and hold investment strategy. The application of the trading rules employed has not shown the possibility that investors can make abnormal returns in oil and gas stocks. The performances of short and long moving averages examined have not shown any conclusive evidence that any of the moving averages results in more return than the other.
Does the Mark-to-Model Fair Value Measure Make Assets Impairment Noisy?

A strong trend towards the implementation and use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) changes the accounting reporting model and replaces cost-based measures with market-based measures. Based on the decision-making usefulness, the fair value has become a dominant measurement paradigm. However, among the three levels of the fair value hierarchy, the most controversial is the third one: unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Regarding this level, fair value is estimated based on management’s expectations and projections. This method of fair value measurement is susceptible to manipulation, having poor verifiability and, therefore, poor reliability. This has raised the question: does the implementation of the mark-to-model fair value measures for asset impairment tests enhance the relevance and reliability of information in the financial reports? After a systematic literature review and a synthesis of high-quality contributions in this field, we conclude that the implementation of asset impairment tests which use mark-to-model fair value measures has not increased the quality and reliability of the information presented in financial statements; unfortunately, research has shown that companies are using that tool to manage their earnings and promote managers’ unethical behaviour. Furthermore, capital markets’ reaction to asset impairment announcements is negative.
Benchmarking Mutual Fund Returns

We question the appropriateness of using time-invariant indices as benchmarks and propose a regime-switching methodology to identify the time-varying de facto benchmarks from a pool of the market-based indices, with or without a risk-free asset. We highlight the benchmark mismatch phenomenon and the role of risk-free rate as an additional benchmark. Our de facto benchmark better capture fund styles than other benchmark choices, substantially improves the identification of significant fund alphas, and provides better out-of-sample forecasts. Importantly, we uncover several new findings in terms of fund performance evaluation using our identified benchmarks in this paper.
The Landscape of the Advanced NSCLC Treatment Paradigm: Molecular Testing and Actionable Mutations

At JADPRO Live Virtual 2020, Rasheda Persinger, AGNP-C, explained the current lung cancer treatment landscape, including targeted therapies for EGFR and ALK rearrangements, as well as for BRAF, ROS1, NTRK, RET, MET, and KRAS mutations, and described the different testing modalities for molecular markers.
ESTIMATED NEPTUNIUM SEDIMENT SORPTION VALUES AS A FUNCTION OF PH AND MEASURED BARIUM AND RADIUM KD VALUES

The objective of this document is to provide traceability and justification for a select few new geochemical data used in the Special Analysis entitled 'Special Analysis for the Dose Assessment of the Final Inventories in Center Slit Trenches One through Five'. Most values used in the Special Analysis came from the traditional geochemical data package, however, some recent laboratory measurements have made it possible to estimate barium K{sub d} values. Additionally, some recent calculations were made to estimate neptunium K{sub d} values as a function of pH. The assumptions, justifications, and calculations needed to generate these new values are presented in this document, and the values are summarized.
Smartphone addiction and its association with upper body musculoskeletal symptoms among university students classified by age and gender

[Purpose] The purposes of this study were to: 1) survey smartphone addiction among university students, 2) survey the prevalence of upper body musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to the respondents’ sitting posture, and 3) determine the association between smartphone addiction and upper body musculoskeletal symptoms, classified by age and gender. [Participants and Methods] Two self-report questionnaires were employed to collect data from 2,645 university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand. [Results] Of 2,027 respondents (860 males and 1,167 females), the participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 26 years with a mean age of 20.5 ± 1.38 years. The prevalence of smartphone addiction and upper body musculoskeletal symptoms among participants were 15.9% and 30%, respectively. Overall, the mean value of pain severity was 3.66 ± 1.67 out of 10 on the visual analog scale. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that smartphone addiction (OR=6.05, 95% CI: 4.68–7.84), was significantly associated with upper-body musculoskeletal symptoms when adjusted by age and gender. [Conclusion] The prevalence of upper body musculoskeletal symptoms was relatively high, especially for female smartphone users and students aged over 20 years. These results suggest that smartphone addiction may be a potential risk factor for upper body musculoskeletal symptoms in university students.
Informativeness of the Expanded Audit Report: Evidence from China

This study investigates whether the expanded audit report is informative to investors in the setting of an emerging economy. Using the recent staggered adoption of the expanded audit report for A+H and A share firms in China, we find robust evidence that abnormal trading volume and earnings response coefficients are higher, and stock price synchronicity are lower, in the post-adoption periods than in the pre-adoption periods. In additional tests, we find that the expanded audit report is more informative for non-State Owned Enterprises and for firms with higher information asymmetry. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to document systematic evidence that the expanded audit report is incrementally informative to investors in an emerging economy.
Illiquidity, R&D Investment, and Stock Returns

We propose a dynamic model of research and development (R&amp;D) venture, which predicts that the positive relation between the firm's R&amp;D investment and the expected stock returns strengthens with illiquidity. Consistent with the model's prediction, empirical evidence based on cross-sectional regressions and double-sorted portfolios suggests a stronger and positive R&amp;D-return relation among illiquid stocks. A further analysis shows that the important role of illiquidity in the R&amp;D-return relation cannot be explained by factors such as financial constraints, innovation ability, and product market competition. Collectively, our results suggest that stock illiquidity is an independent driver of the R&amp;D premium.
Testing with Limited Capacity and Pooling

Motivated by the persistent lack of testing capacity in the COVID-19 pandemic, we study the question “who should be tested? ” when capacity is limited, tests have errors, and patients differ in their prior probability of being infected. While health officials initially prioritized testing patients who were highly likely to be infected, we find that it may be better to focus on patients who are less likely to be infected, particularly when the false-negative rate is substantial. We also consider pooled testing, a method of grouping samples to conserve tests. When pooled testing is an option, it may be optimal to test two groups of individuals: those who are very likely to be infected and those who are very unlikely to be infected. Moreover, even though pooling is an option, it can still be optimal to reserve some individual tests for samples from patients for whom the outcome is most uncertain. The results apply to any situation where testing capacity is inadequate to test the number of potentially infected individuals, and they can inform both public health policy and healthcare operations management.
Media Capture by Banks

Do banks exploit lending relationships with media companies to promote favorable news coverage? To test this hypothesis we map the connections between banks and the top newspapers in several European countries and study how they affect news coverage of two important financial issues. First we look at bank earnings announcements and find that newspapers are significantly more likely to cover announcements by their lenders, relative to other banks, when they report profits than when they report losses. Such pro-lender bias applies to both general-interest and financial newspapers, and is stronger for newspapers and banks that are more financially vulnerable. Second, we look at a broader public interest issue: the Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis. We find that newspapers connected to banks more exposed to stressed sovereign bonds are more likely to promote a narrative of the crisis favorable to banks and to oppose debt-restructuring measures detrimental to creditors.
Are Words Beneficial to the Consumption of Numbers in Financial Reports?

We propose that text in financial disclosures is used to complement, expand upon, and provide context to numerical disclosures. We use the ratio of words to numbers, which are often examined in silos, to consider how their combination contributes to disclosure quality. We focus on disclosures in three inherently complicated footnotes and the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&amp;A) in annual filings. Using comment letters (CLs) to capture regulators’ perspective of disclosure deficiencies, we find that the ratio of words to numbers in each disclosure is associated with a lower likelihood to receive a CL related to the topic of that disclosure. We further find that the ratio of words to numbers in the MD&amp;A is associated with lower analyst forecast errors, a stronger market reaction, and greater liquidity. These results suggest that the use of more words to explain numbers in financial reports reduces the likelihood of regulators’ intervention and is more useful to analysts and investors. The paper’s findings suggest that to improve one dimension of disclosure quality, sufficient text should be disclosed to explain numerical information.
Correlated Portfolio Inventory Risk of Liquidity Providers: Frictions and Market Fragility

We investigate, for limit order book equity markets, how trading, liquidity provision, and the overall market quality in one security are influenced by correlated inventory risk exposures of liquidity providers to other securities in their portfolios. We find strong support for Ho and Stoll (1983). Our results are also consistent with large and correlated portfolio inventories worsening different measures of market quality – including bid-ask spreads and pricing errors – and increasing the number and likelihood of extreme price movements and transitory jumps in stock returns. We accordingly highlight a significant but often overlooked source of market frictions, contagion, and fragility.
The Inequality Trap: How High Stakes Fuel Overestimation and Equity Aversion

Bringing existing inequality in South Africa (high) and Switzerland (low) to the lab, we study how people's preferences for redistribution change with the level of income inequality, income mobility, uncertainty of initial income positions, source of income (random or based on real-effort). We find that uncertainty and overconfidence undermine demand for redistribution. The effect magnifies with larger income disparity (South Africa). It further induces a reverse POUM effect: since wealth ambitions of rich aspirants are better preserved under low than under high mobility, demand for redistribution grows with the degree of mobility. These results combined propose an inequality trap: today's inequality favors income overestimation, winding up less demand for redistribution with less mobility, which propels advanced inequality tomorrow.