Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Management Strategies Adopted by Small-Scale Vegetable Farmers in Thaba Chweu Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

Agriculture is one of the sectors considered to be an extremely risky business. This has led to many farmers adopting different risk management strategies in order to deal with the prevailing risks. The objectives of the study were to identify the types of risk and risk management strategies; and to determine the level of risk management strategies adopted by small-scale vegetable farmers in Thaba Chweu Local Municipality. Descriptive statistics and the adoption index were employed to address these objectives. Purposive and snowball sampling procedures were used to select 40 small-scale vegetable farmers in Thaba Chweu Local Municipality. The study identified pest attacks and unfavorable weather conditions as the major risks faced by small scale vegetable farmers in the study area. Furthermore, the study revealed that majority of these farmers use pesticides, forward contracts and crop rotation as the risk management strategies.
Perinatal and Maternal Outcomes in Two Groups of Normal and At the Risk of Borderline Oligohydramnios in Late Preterm Pregnancy

This is an open access article & it is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Background: Pregnancy outcomes of a borderline oligohydramnios versus normal relatively comes to be slightly increasing meconium‐stained fluid, low Apgar scores and hyper bilirubinemia on follow up as perinatal outcomes and increased risk of C section as maternal outcome. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend additional perinatal and maternal testing based on a borderline oligohydramnios. Clinical determination is considered in evaluating meconium‐stained fluid, low Apgar scores and hyper bilirubinemia. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes in uncomplicated late preterm pregnancies with borderline oligohydramnios. Setting: A total of 38 patients were studied, 19 were with normal AFI and 19 patients were of borderline AFI. Patients with normal AFI were referred as Group 1 and the other as Group 2. This study was conducted at Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha. Population: Pregnant women with normal AFI at term and borderline patients with late preterm pregnancy and borderline oligohydramnios. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha. This study comprised of 38 patients with normal AFI and border line AFI. Data of 19 patients with normal AFI and 19 patients with border line AFI was collected. The Inclusion Criteria was 19 singleton pregnancies of 36+6 weeks, with AFI ≤ 8 cm and 19 singleton pregnancy 37+ weeks with upto 24 cm AFI. In both groups, Maternal and perinatal outcomes were assessed. The results of both groups were compared in the end. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that borderline AFI was not a risk for adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes in uncomplicated, late preterm pregnancies.
Perceptions of plea bargains for driving under the influence (DUI) cases involving alcohol and marijuana

ABSTRACT Two experiments investigated plea bargains in a mock driving under the influence (DUI) case. In each experiment, participants (78 [47 females and 31 males] in Experiment 1 and 92 [48 females and 44 males] in Experiment 2) read vignettes describing a plea bargain in a DUI case. Both experiments employed a within-subjects design: Type of Substance (alcohol vs. marijuana), Type of Plea Bargain Agreement (minimum time of suspended license vs. median time of suspended license), and Number of DUI Arrests (1 DUI arrest vs. 2 DUI arrests in a 10-year period [Experiment 1] or 1-year period [Experiment 2]). The results showed less support for plea bargains when the DUI case: (a) involved alcohol, (b) involved a minimum time of suspended license, and (c) involved two DUI arrests in a 1-year period. The results are discussed in terms of procedural justice theory and the impact of the general public’s perceptions of plea bargains as a legal tool.
Developing a short scale to assess public leadership

Correspondence Dominik Vogel, Department of Socioeconomics, University of Hamburg, VonMelle-Park 9, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. Email: dominik.vogel-2@uni-hamburg.de Abstract Tummers and Knies (2016) have recently introduced a 21-item scale for the measurement of public leadership to the burgeoning field of leadership research in public administration. However, due to restrictions in survey length and response time, scholars often face practical difficulties when adopting measurement scales of such length. In many subfields of public administration, this results in a proliferation of ad hoc measures of unknown validity, which impedes scholarly progress. The goal of the present study is to develop a short form of the public leadership scale. We build on data from a two-wave study in the German public sector and follow a step-by-step scale reduction procedure. The result is a reliable and valid 11-item scale of public leadership for utilization in public administration research. Since a short scale allows researchers to include additional measures of other constructs, it facilitates the exploration of the nomological network of public leadership.
3D-FEA of Implant Thread Depth and Pitch on Interfacial Stresses

Objective: Using the numerical analysis, the interfacial stresses with various thread depths and pitches implants are evaluated in mandibular bone mass. Methods: Implant parameters considered herein include the thread depths of 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50 and 0.55 mm and the pitches of 0.75, 0.80, 1.0 and 1.25 mm. A simplified bone-implant system is created by Geomagic studio and Solidworks. ANSYS workbench was used to analyze the effects of the stress distribution. Results: The maximum von Mises was exhibited in three position at the implant: the location between implant and abutment, the area between implant and screw and the threaded implant body (connect area between first thread and second thread or second thread and third thread). whereas uneven stress distribution were showed in both cortical bone and trabecular bone under oblique and vertical loading. Conclusions: This study found that the force (magnitude and direction) is the important factor of influence on stress, for biomechanical context, the ratio of the thread depth to the pitch at the implant below 0.55 is more appropriate for controlling the max EQV of implants.
The Profile of the Foreign Investor in the Romanian Chemical Industry

The main aim of this study is to build the investor’s profile in the Romanian chemical industry and to highlight the factors that influenced the decision of investing in Romania rather than other Central Eastern European countries. The data collection was performed in June 2019 and the list of the 150 foreign companies from the chemical industry was obtained from The National Trade Register Office. Data used in this research were collected using a questionnaire. Dependent variable represents the probability of investing in Romania, with the option of the other Central and Eastern European countries as reference group. The main part of our analysis focus on this question: “Which were the reasons that made you decide invest in Romania? ” For analysis, a number of six main classes are used: Infrastructure, labor force, Agglomeration factors, Knowledge, Market Size and Cost factors (as independent variables). Main results consist in the presence of three factors with a positive impact. The paper also highlights that the main advantage considered by a foreign investor in Romania is represented by the cheap labor force. As a secondary conclusion, companies are also interested in other factors that are mentioned in the paper.
A REVIEW ON NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND ITS CONTRIBUTION IN THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT

Nasal drug delivery has received a great deal of attention as a convenient, reliable, and promising method for the systemic administration of drugs. It is especially for those molecules which are ineffective orally and only effective if administered by injection. The nasal route of drug delivery has advantages over the other alternative systems of non-invasive drug administration. The present review describes nasal delivery systems in recognizing to its potential and limits. The present review is an attempt to provide some information concerning nasal drug delivery system such as limitations, advantages, mechanism of drug absorption, anatomy of nasal cavity, factors affecting of nasal drug delivery, strategies to enhance nasal absorption, strategies to extend duration of drug formulations within the nasal cavity, leading to improved nasal drug absorption, novel drug formulations, sorts of nasal drug delivery system with uses of nasal drug delivery in various diseases, and recent advancement of nasal delivery systems.
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Induced Rash and Mucositis with Bilateral Otitis Media and Sinusitis

Mycoplasma pneumoniae induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a recently identified clinical entity, which describes a subset of extrapulmonary manifestations resulting from Mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Patients present with a wide variety of symptoms including cough, dyspnea, mucositis, conjunctivitis, with or without a variable cutaneous rash. A 24-year-old male presented to the emergency department with worsening dyspnea and new-onset oral, ocular, and genital mucosal lesions. The patient was also found to have bilateral otitis media with tympanic membrane rupture and ethmoid sinusitis upon further evaluation. The patient was originally diagnosed with atypical pneumonia leading to acute hypoxic respiratory failure and was admitted to inpatient care. Work-up revealed positive Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunoglobulin M, and the patient was subsequently diagnosed with MIRM. The patient was provided with supportive care as well as systemic antibiotics, and he fully recovered by day 12 without complication. No standardized treatment guidelines exist for MIRM, and it is universally accepted that supportive management is the mainstay of treatment, consisting of pain management, intravenous hydration, and mucosal care. Although the majority of MIRM patients are generally known to have a full recovery (81%), a variety of ocular, oral, and genital complications have been noted in the literature. Here we present a unique case of MIRM in a 24-year-old male who also had ethmoid sinusitis and bilateral otitis media with unilateral tympanic membrane perforation - two head and neck symptoms not described in previous literature.
Long‐Term Storage and Age‐Biased Export of Fluvial Organic Carbon: Field Evidence From West Iceland

Terrestrial organic carbon (OC) plays an important role in the carbon cycle, but questions remain regarding the controls and timescale(s) over which atmospheric CO2 remains sequestered as particulate OC (POC). Motivated by observations that terrestrial POC is physically stored within soils and other shallow sedimentary deposits, we examined the role that sediment storage plays in the terrestrial OC cycle. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that sediment storage impacts the age of terrestrial POC. We focused on the Efri Haukadalsá River catchment in Iceland as it lacks ancient sedimentary bedrock that would otherwise bias radiocarbon‐based determinations of POC storage duration by supplying pre‐aged “petrogenic” POC.
IOT BASED TRASH COLLECTION BIN USING ARDUINO

The ash-bin may be essential would like everywhere the place. Nowadays numerous models of dustbins like open dustbins, mesh dustbins, pedal dustbins, swing lid dustbins square measure accustomed throw garbage or trash. the matter with open and mesh dustbins is that if the trash is unbroken for several days it's going to result in dangerous odour and child can unfold the trash all around. Another drawback is those that have kids, it's terribly troublesome to watch and to distant them from dustbins. The matter with pedal ash-bin is that it's not economical to be utilized by incapacitated folks. The issues with the prevailing system are often overcome by good ash-bin that is Associate in Nursing improvement of traditional ash-bin by elevating it to be good victimization Arduino board, motor and ultrasonic sensors for garbage detection. Associate in Nursing ultrasonic sensing element detects the rubbish that is unbroken on the subject of it and also the ash-bin opens followed by beep sound by permitting user to throw garbage into it. when the rubbish is thrown, the ash-bin is mechanically closed. These dustbins are often employed in homes, offices, hospitals, streets etc. Here the planned paper presents the economical use of dustbins. the aim of this project is to cut back human manual efforts and to automatize the task of ash-bin at the side of improvement of good home vision and good town vision.
Discovery of an unknown conduction mechanism in insulating polymers

Polymer dielectrics are widely used in electrical and electronic apparatus and devices because of their capability to insulate conductors, withstand high fields and suffer negligible conductive losses. Their near-to-zero conductivity has been explained in terms of long-accepted theories of electronic and ionic transport that lead to the accumulation of local net charge regions at high electric fields. Here the authors describe a previously unknown conduction mechanism consisting of small bipolar ultra-fast charge pulses crossing the polymer with the mobility, as large as, 4 to 5 orders of magnitude greater than that of the previously known. The authors show that this motion is a consequence of molecular relaxation processes triggered by the electric field locally enhanced by the pulses themselves. Pulse accumulation at the electrodes increases interface field and thus contributes substantially towards premature failure in insulating dielectrics in DC fields.
Nonindigenous plant species distributions: Modeling the role of human disturbances and predicting management responses

The current paradigm of nonindigenous plant species (NIS) management assumes all NIS populations are invasive and ignores that different populations of the same species have different dynamics and respond differently to perturbations in dissimilar environments. Species distribution models (SDM) can predict spatial patterns of NIS environmental suitability and form a link between management objectives and species distributions. The objectives of this dissertation were to evaluate the utility of SDMs for NIS management. Specifically, the spatial transferability of models, the importance of land uses in explaining NIS distributions, and the relationships between management efficacy and SDM predictions were assessed. The first objective evaluated the transferability of SDMs for two NIS among neighboring regions representing a three-point gradient of human disturbance intensities. The models did not adequately transfer between the two management units representing the least and greatest intensities of human disturbances. This suggested NIS might be distributed differently in response to human disturbances. The second objective compared the relative roles of environmental, current land use, and historical land use variables on explaining occupancies for six NIS. Historical land use explained greater amounts of the variation in NIS occupancies as compared to only environmental variables or environmental plus current land use variables. Land uses currently or previously irrigated for agriculture increased predicted probabilities of occurrence for multiple NIS, including an introduced perennial forage species. The final objective assessed the applicability of SDMs to prioritize NIS populations for management treatments. Herbicide treatments were applied to populations of two NIS located along a gradient of their respective SDM predictions. The effect of herbicide treatment on NIS densities varied either positively or negatively with predicted environmental suitability depending on the specific species. Thus, NIS population responses may be predictable and treatment prioritized using SDM predictions; however, contrasting responses between the two NIS evaluated suggested management should be adapted for species and site specific conditions. This study showed that human disturbance history can affect how NIS are distributed, and, thus, SDMs should be generated from site specific data. Further, SDMs can guide managers as to which NIS populations should be prioritized for management.
Impact of city and residential unit lockdowns on prevention and control of COVID-19

With respect to the asymptomatic transmission characteristics of the novel coronavirus that appeared in 2019 (COVID-19), a susceptible-asymptomatic-infected-recovered-death (SAIRD) model that considered human mobility was constructed in this study. The dissemination of COVID-19 was simulated using computational experiments to identify the mechanisms underlying the impact of city and residential lockdowns on controlling the spread of the epidemic. Results: The implementation of measures to lock down cities led to higher mortality rates in these cities, due to reduced mobility. Moreover, implementing city lockdown along with addition of hospital beds led to improved cure and reduced mortality rates. Stringent implementation and early lockdown of residential units effectively controlled the spread of the epidemic, and reduced the number of hospital bed requirements. Collectively, measures to lock down cities and residential units should be taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In addition, medical resources should be increased in cities under lockdown. Implementation of these measures would reduce the spread of the virus to other cities and allow appropriate treatment of patients in cities under lockdown.
Tile Adaptation for Workload Balancing of 3D-HEVC Encoder in Homogeneous Multicore Systems

This paper proposes a tile adaptation for workload balancing to speed up the 3D-High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC) encoder. Experiments were done to evaluate the usage of tiles when encoding texture and depth maps considering a static uniform partitioning. Based on these evaluations, we observed that the encoding workload of neighboring frames in the same view tends to be similar. Moreover, the encoding workload of dependent views can be predicted using the information of previously encoded frames of the same and base views. Therefore, the proposed solution adaptively defines the boundaries of the tiles based on inter-frame and inter-view correlations to balance the workloads of the tiles, resulting in a higher speedup when executing in homogeneous multicore systems. The proposed method was implemented in 3D-HEVC Test Model and evaluated according to the Common Test Conditions. The results demonstrated that the proposed solution speeds up texture and depth map coding from 9.94% to 18.21%, when compared to the uniform-sized tiles, without coding efficiency loss. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work proposing a complete solution for speeding up the 3D-HEVC video encoder by balancing the tiles workload dynamically.
Innovative Trend Analysis of Precipitation in the Lake Issyk-Kul Basin, Kyrgyzstan

The analysis of various characteristics and trends of precipitation is an essential task to improve the utilization of water resources. Lake Issyk-Kul basin is an upper alpine catchment, which is more susceptible to the effects of climate variability, and identifying rainfall variations has vital importance for water resource planning and management in the lake basin. The well-known approaches linear regression, Şen’s slope, Spearman’s rho, and Mann-Kendall trend tests are applied frequently to try to identify trend variations, especially in rainfall, in most literature around the world. Recently, a newly developed method of Şen-innovative trend analysis (ITA) provides some advantages of visual-graphical illustrations and the identification of trends, which is one of the main focuses in this article. This study obtained the monthly precipitation data (between 1951 and 2012) from three meteorological stations (Balykchy, Cholpon-Ata, and Kyzyl-Suu) surrounding the Lake Issyk-Kul, and investigated the trends of precipitation variability by applying the ITA method. For comparison purposes, the traditional Mann–Kendall trend test also used the same time series. The main results of this study include the following. (1) According to the Mann-Kendall trend test, the precipitation of all months at the Balykchy station showed a positive trend (except in January (Zc = −0.784) and July (Zc = 0.079)). At the Cholpon-Ata and Kyzyl-Suu stations, monthly precipitation (with the same month of multiple years averaged) indicated a decreasing trend in January, June, August, and November. At the monthly scale, significant increasing trends (Zc > Z0.10 = 1.645) were detected in February and October for three stations. (2) The ITA method indicated that the rising trends were seen in 16 out of 36 months at the three stations, while six months showed decreasing patterns for “high” monthly precipitation. According to the “low” monthly precipitations, 14 months had an increasing trend, and four months showed a decreasing trend. Through the application of the ITA method (January, March, and August at Balykchy; December at Cholpon-Ata; and July and December at Kyzyl-Suu), there were some significant increasing trends, but the Mann-Kendall test found no significant trends. The significant trend occupies 19.4% in the Mann-Kendall test and 36.1% in the ITA method, which indicates that the ITA method displays more positive significant trends than Mann–Kendall Zc. (3) Compared with the classical Mann-Kendall trend results, the ITA method has some advantages. This approach allows more detailed interpretations about trend detection, which has benefits for identifying hidden variation trends of precipitation and the graphical illustration of the trend variability of extreme events, such as “high” and “low” values of monthly precipitation. In contrast, these cannot be discovered by applying traditional methods.
Studies on muscular dystrophy associated genes

Muscular dystrophy is a collective group of genetic disorder that results in progressive wasting of skeletal muscle. Dysferlin, the gene responsible for Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi Myopathy (MM) was found to be a member of a newly identified protein family named the ferlins. Recent work has suggested that dysferlin is necessary for efficient calcium sensitive membrane resealing therefore is involved in membrane repair, a mechanism which if defective results in progressive muscle wasting. In this project, the involvement of other genes that could possibly be associated with muscular dystrophy is investigated. Myoferlin, a member of the ferlin protein family is highly homologous to dysferlin and is also a plasma membrane protein with six C2 domains and a C-terminus transmembrane domain. To date no disease has been associated with mutations in the myoferlin gene but its high similarity to dysferlin means that it could be a potential muscular dystrophy associated gene. Results obtained from this study strongly suggest that myoferlin like dysferlin is enriched at plasma membrane disruption sites and during myoblast differentiation, two processes which involve the fusion of two opposed bilayers, a process vital in membrane repair. In addition, a fifth member of the ferlin protein family is reported in this project and the primary results obtained are consistent with it being a potential muscular dystrophy associated gene. Finally, a group of MM affected families that were previously excluded for mutations in their dysferlin gene were analysed for muscular dystrophy associated genes other than dysferlin.