Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative computational analysis of a new per-sample partitioning linear filter and the Kalman filter

The linear estimation problem constitutes one of the simplest classes of problems, to which the unifying and powerful partitioning approach of Lainiotis applies. In the Lainiotis and Andrisani partitioning algorithm, model partitioning consists simply of decomposing both the initial state and process noise vectors into the sum of two independent random vectors. In this paper, a comparative computational analysis with respect to computer time and storage requirements is made between a new partitioning linear estimation algorithm and the Kalman filter for time varying models. The new algorithm constitutes a per-sample version of the above Lainiotis and Andrisani partitioning algorithm. The practical usefulness of the new algorithm is demonstrated by applying the comparative computational analysis to the important class of multisensor estimation problems.
Exponentiated Weibull fading model for free-space optical links with partially coherent beams under aperture averaging

Abstract. The recently proposed exponentiated Weibull (EW) fading channel model is assessed with partially coherent beams (PCBs) using the Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) theory. The use of a PCB in free-space optical links has been suggested as an atmospheric turbulence mitigation technique, called transmitter aperture averaging. A wave optics code based on the GSM theory is used to generate a PCB propagating in atmospheric turbulence, and the probability distribution function (PDF) is obtained from the simulated irradiance data. This study on the PDF includes the new proposed EW model in the presence of aperture averaging, in weak-to-strong turbulence regime. Point receiver conditions are also analyzed. For completeness of the study, the Lognormal and the Gamma-Gamma models have also been included in the analysis, allowing for a direct comparison to the EW distribution. Using a least-squares curve fitting algorithm, the EW model always has the best fit to simulated PDF data. Thus, the EW fading channel model proves to be valid for PCBs.
Free and bound polarons in vanadium pentoxide

ESR and DC conductivity measurements have been performed on a V2O5 single crystal in the temperature range 4-500K. They suggest that, at low temperature, the unpaired electron remains localised on two vanadium sites associated with an oxygen vacancy, leading to the formation of bound polarons characterised by a 15-hyperfine-lines ESR spectrum. As the temperature is raised, bound polarons are free from the electrostatic field of the oxygen vacancies and the electrical properties of the oxide above 300K mainly arise from the hopping of free polarons between vanadium sites that are not associated with oxygen vacancies.
Logarithmic STDM watermarking using visual saliency-based JND model

Owing to the validity of measuring the visual visibility for image distortion, just noticeable distortion (JND) has been widely used in the quantisation-based watermarking framework. However, the existing JND model treats every region in the image with an equal attention level. Visual saliency, which reflects the visual attention, is proposed to improve the perceptual JND model. Based on the improved model, a logarithmic spread transform dither modulation (STDM) watermarking scheme is proposed. Simulations show that the proposed watermarking scheme with the improved JND model has superior robustness compared with existing STDM schemes.
Applications of IASI on MetOp-A: first results and illustration of potential use for meteorology, climate monitoring, and atmospheric chemistry

IASI was successfully launched on MetOP A on 19 October 2006. After the in-orbit commissioning, the performances of IASI were evaluated during the Cal/Val of level 1. Key parameters of instrument and on ground processing have been fixed for optimal performance and best quality data delivery. The first spectra and images of level 1 products show all the potential of IASI data for expected applications. Some illustrations are given here with maps of pseudo channels sensitive to trace gases, atmospheric profiles or maps of surface temperature qualitatively compared to maps from models. Level 2 processing to get these parameters has been implemented at Eumetsat and some products are currently under validation. The quality of IASI data paves the way to additional very promising products. A thorough analysis of cloud free spectra has been performed to extract the small signature of minor species like CFCs and HNO3. Nevertheless, the main limitation of IASI data remains clouds. It is showed here with the cluster analysis of AVHRR data registered in the IASI pixels and delivered as level 1 products that only a few cloud free pixels can used for full retrieval. A method making use of the cluster information has been developed. It permits to strongly increase the statistics where clear column profiles or columns above clouds can be retrieved. This scheme will be applied to the retrieval of the CO2 where large data set are needed to extract information from the spectra.
The structure of singularities in nonlocal transport equations

We describe the structure of solutions developing singularities in the form of cusps in finite time in nonlocal transport equations of the family: where H represents the Hilbert transform. Equations of this type appear in various contexts: evolution of vortex sheets, models for quasi-geostrophic equation and evolution equations for order parameters. Equation (1) was studied in [1] and [2], and the existence of singularities developing in finite time was proved. The structure of such singularities was, nevertheless, not described. In this paper, we will describe the geometry of the solution in the neighborhood of the singularity once it develops and the (self-similar) way in which it is approached as t → t0, where t0 is the singular time.
Efficient High-Order Time Domain Hybrid Implicit/Explicit Finite Element Methods for Microwave Electromagnetics

Abstract An efficient high-order time domain hybrid implicit/explicit finite element method scheme is addressed. An earlier low-order implicit/explicit (finite element time domain–finite difference time domain hybrid is reviewed, and the need for a higher-order hybrid is motivated. The necessary components of a higher-order hybrid are described, including formulations, diagonalizable hexahedral elements, the block structure of the matrix and required groupings of degrees of freedom, and the hybrid hexahedral/tetrahedral mesh. Results presented using the full hybrid demonstrate excellent performance on a challenging waveguide filter problem.
High critical temperature superconductor Josephson junctions for quantum circuit applications

Recent findings of macroscopic quantum properties in high critical temperature superconductor (HTS) Josephson junctions (JJs) point toward the need to revise the role of zero energy quasi-particles in this novel superconductor. We will discuss the possibility of designing superconducting artificial atoms in a transmon configuration to study the low energy excitation spectra of HTS. We have engineered high quality grain boundary JJs on low dielectric constant substrates. By fabricating submicron junctions, we extract values of capacitance and Josephson critical current densities that satisfy the main transmon design requirements. Moreover, the measured critical current noise power extrapolated at 1 Hz gives a dephasing time of 25 ns, which indicates that the observation of macroscopic quantum coherent effects in HTS JJ is a feasible task.
Onset of Shear Instability in Rotating Red Giants

We incorporate into an evolutionary code a unified treatment of turbulent transport due to convective and shear instabilities in a rotating star. The effects of composition gradients are included in a consistent way. We use the code to follow the evolution of rotating stars from the pre-main sequence to near the tip of the red giant branch. We find that at a certain stage in the red giant evolution of a 1 M☉ star, when the convectively unstable region occupies an extensive outer envelope, shear instability sets in in a zone just below the H-burning shell. However, at a later time, shear instability also develops in a second (outer) region that lies between the H-burning shell and the convective envelope. The onset of the outer region of shear instability coincides closely in time with a well-defined feature of red giant evolution: the "bump" (so-called because of its effect on the luminosity function of clusters). This evolutionary bump has recently been identified as a significant empirical marker among red giants: cool massive winds have been found to set in abruptly after the star evolves through the bump. The results we report in the present paper suggest that the onset of mass loss in red giants may be correlated with the onset of an outer region of shear instability inside the star. We offer some speculations concerning the possible physics of such a correlation.
Propagation of vectorial laser beams

The angular spectrum of a vectorial laser beam is expressed in terms of an intrinsic coordinate system instead of the usual Cartesian laboratory coordinates. This switch leads to simple, elegant, and new expressions, such as for the angular spectrum of the Hertz vectors corresponding to the electromagnetic fields. As an application of this approach, we consider axially symmetric vector beams, showing nondiffracting properties of these beams, without invoking the paraxial approximation.
Supply licensing when the manufacturer strategically commits to invest in R&D

This article proposes a strategic reason for a proprietary component supplier to license her technology to a competitor or a manufacturer: her anticipation of the manufacturer's strategic commitment to invest in research and development (R&D). We address this phenomenon with a game theoretic model. Our results show that the manufacturer's full commitment to invest in R&D enables the supplier to license, sell a larger quantity through the supply chain, and charge lower prices. These results are robust to the type of demand uncertainty faced by the manufacturer within the class of increasing generalized failure rate distributions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 341–350, 2014
Phase Diagram of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State in a Three-Dimensional Superconductor

The phase diagram of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state in a 3-dimensional superconductor is discussed. We use the quasi-classical Green's function to calculate the free energy. It is shown that the phase transition from the normal state is of first order at high temperatures but is of second order near T =0. To describe the phase transition in the Ginzburg-Landau theory, one has to take into account up to eighth order term with respect to the order parameter. The phase transition from the FFLO state to the uniform superconducting state is of second order in all the temperature range T <0.561 T c in accordance with Burkhardt and Rainer's result in a 2-dimensional system.
Spatial Regression Models, Response Surfaces, and Process Optimization

Abstract Spatial regression models are developed as a complementary alternative to second-order polynomial response surfaces in the context of process optimization. These models provide estimates of design variable effects and smooth, data-faithful approximations to the unknown response function over the design space. The predicted response surfaces are driven by the covariance structures of the models. Several structures, isotropic and anisotropic, are considered and connections with thin plate splines are reviewed. Estimation of covariance parameters is achieved via maximum likelihood and residual maximum likelihood. A feature of the spatial regression approach is the visually appealing graphical summaries that are produced. These allow rapid and intuitive identification of process windows on the design space for which the response achieves target performance. Relevant design issues are briefly discussed and spatial designs, such as the packing designs available in Gosset, are suggested as a suitable de.
Some observations of the subcritical transition in plane Poiseuille flow

The subcritical transition in plane Poiseuille flow (generated in a long wind channel of rectangular cross-section) was studied experimentally. Cylinder-generated vortical disturbances were introduced into the parabolic flow (in the test section) or the inlet flow. The parabolic flow was also disturbed by a controlled periodic jet from a wall orifice. On the basis of the three kinds of observations, we come to the conclusion that the minimum transition Reynolds number is about 1000 and the related threshold intensity (of the external disturbance triggering the transition) is comparable to the maximum intensity of u-fluctuations in fully turbulent channel flows.
An Updated Review On Stationary Cycle Effects In Children With Cerebral Palsy

The spastic muscle in children with CP usually consumes more energy and oxygen during exercise than the usual muscle. Stationary cycling and its effect on children with cerebral palsy is a novel topic in rehabilitation. The stationary cycle is a promising rehabilitation method to address various issues in children with cerebral palsy. To date, only a few studies have been conducted in this area. This will be the first review of the effects of stationary cycling on children with cerebral palsy. Medical databases were searched for retrieving higher levels of evidence such as RCT, systematic review and clinical trials till 2022 from inception. Only 11 articles could retrieve based on inclusion-exclusion criteria. Most studies showed promising results that cycling training could improve muscle strength and endurance. Improvements in functional activities could not be concluded due to heterogenicity in results in a different study.
Experimental quasiparticle dynamics in a superconducting, imaging x-ray spectrometer

We present an experimental study of the time scales for various quasiparticle processes in a superconducting single photon spectrometer. Processes studied include quasiparticle recombination, diffusion, trapping, tunneling, and energy redistribution. Experiments were performed with a double junction, imaging x-ray detector whose charge output provides a measure of the photon energy. Time scales are extracted with a simple model and the values of several parameters, including the diffusion constant and recombination time, are found to differ from theoretical predictions. These results provide guidelines for performance analysis, device scaling, and future designs.
Robustness properties of multivariate EWMA control charts

In this paper, the robustness of the multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control chart to non‐normal data is examined. Two non‐normal distributions of interest are the multivariate $t$ distribution and the multivariate gamma distribution. Recommendations for constructing MEWMA control charts when the normality assumption may be violated are provided. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STROZ LITE: Stratospheric Ozone Lidar Trailer Experiment

As a part of the international Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change, Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a mobile differential absorption lidar capable of making precise and accurate measurements in the stratosphere between 20 and 45 km. We present in this paper a description of the instrument, a discussion of the data analysis, and some results from an intercomparison held at JPL's Table Mountain Observatory in California during October and November 1988.
Are Both Stars in a Classic T Tauri Binary Classic T Tauri Stars?

Large near-IR color excesses and emission-line spectra indicate the presence of optically thick circumstellar accretion disks and active boundary layers in young stars. We investigate whether this classic T Tauri (TT) behavior is found in one or both members of a binary system previously identified as a TT on the basis of the unresolved light. We consider the angularly resolved Brγ and, in one case, Na I, spectra of four close (1.″3-2.″6) TT systems. We also take into account the angularly resolved near-IR (K-L) colors of eight additional young binaries with separations between 0. ″3 and 2. ″5. We find that for all 12 systems, both components show, or have shown in the history of their observation, evidence for TT behavior. We demonstrate that this cannot be the result of random pairing of a population of single TT and weak-lined T Tauri (WT) stars. We speculate that the result that inner, AU-sized disks tend to survive for a similar length of time in both components of a close (0.″3-2.″6) binary suggests that a circumbinary envelope effectively regulates the common evolution of the inner disks.
More Efficient Local Polynomial Estimation in Nonparametric Regression With Autocorrelated Errors

We propose a modification of local polynomial time series regression estimators that improves efficiency when the innovation process is autocorrelated. The procedure is based on a pre-whitening transformation of the dependent variable that must be estimated from the data. We establish the asymptotic distribution of our estimator under weak dependence conditions. We show that the proposed estimation procedure is more efficient than the conventional local polynomial method. We also provide simulation evidence to suggest that gains can be achieved in moderate-sized samples.
The initiation of lightning by runaway air breakdown

A mechanism for lightning initiation by the sustained runaway breakdown of air is presented. Unlike earlier models that rely upon large cosmic‐ray air showers, this mechanism uses the runaway electrons produced by the steady background of atmospheric cosmic‐rays to amplify non‐uniformities in the electric field. The ionization of air from the runaway electrons creates a region of discharge that propagates in the opposite direction of the electrons, enhancing the electric field in front of it to the point where a conventional breakdown can occur. As the discharged region grows, positron feedback can become important, dramatically increasing the flux of runaway electrons and increasing the propagation speed of the discharged region up to 106 m/s. The ambient electric field strength needed for this mechanism is within the range of values observed in thunderclouds and is substantially lower than that required by most other mechanisms.
Approximate and limit results for nonlinear filters with wide bandwith observation noise

The paper treats a number of problems in nonlinear filtering theory when the signal process is xs:(), a “near” diffusion, and the observation noise is of wide bandwidth (correlated or not with xs()). Natural modifications of the optimal filters for the classical (diffusion) case are described, and robustness and weak convergence results proved. Often the weak convergence is in an infinite dimensional setting, since the basic process is measure valued. These filters are not actually optimal for the “physical” process, and their value depends on the use to which they are put. It is shown that they are actually nearly “optimal” with respect to a wide variety of comparison processors. We also treat the normalized (Cesaro) errors (for the “approximate” filters) over an infinite time interval, and show that their distributions are close (for wide bandwidth observation noise) to those obtained if the system were a standard diffusion and the optimal filter used. This is particularly important if the system is in .
The low-mass companion of Gliese 22A: first results of the Steward Observatory infrared speckle camera

L'imagerie IR a 2 dimensions de la binaire Gliese 22AB a permis de detecter directement la composante astrometrique de faible masse Gliese 22C. La primaire naine, GL 22A, a ete rapportee comme etant une binaire astrometrique par Hershey J.L. (1973, A.J., 78); la premiere image du compagnon astrometrique est fournie, a une separation de 0.5″, et les masses de GL 22AC sont determinees a 0.36 et 0.12 M○. La masse de GL 22B est estimee a 0.18 M○.
Further Remarks on the Expectation of the Reciprocal of a Positive Random Variable

E(XJ ) > (EX)-1 (1) for a non-degenerate positive random variable X. Fleiss [2] gave a simple proof, in pedagogic interest, and an application. Chian, [1] contributed a simpler proof. Finally, Gurland [3] gave a still simpler argument and obtained in the same stroke a wider result. The present note (a) attaches intuitive meaning to these results by exhibiting them as consequences of an obvious property of covariance and (b) proves the property by the same device used in [3]. Thus, while retaining the simplicity achieved in [3], we can gain further generality and, more importantly, augment the intuitive basis implicit there. The property is: If a random variable Y has a nondegener-ate increasing (dec.) r egression E(YIX) on a non-degenerate random variable X, then X and Y have positive (neg.) covatriance. Putting Y X-'= E(YIX), we have 0 > Cov [X,Y] I E(X) E(X-'), which is (1). Again, putting X= J(Z), Y = g(Z) for a nondegenerate random variable Z and monotone functions / and g, one of which is continuous, the main result of [3] is given. A simple argument proves the property. The function q(x) = E(YIX = x) EY is monotone and Eq(X) = 0, so there is a point 4 at which q (x) either becomes zero or changes sign. Then the random variable (X-4)q(X) cannot change sign and moreover E(X-4)q(X) =A 0 since neither X nor q (X) is degenerate. In view of
Stochastic Dynamics of an SIRS Epidemic Model with Ratio-Dependent Incidence Rate

We investigate the complex dynamics of an epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate of saturated mass action which depends on the ratio of the number of infectious individuals to that of susceptible individuals. We first deal with the boundedness, dissipation, persistence, and the stability of the disease-free and endemic points of the deterministic model. And then we prove the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solutions, stochastic boundedness, and permanence for the stochastic epidemic model. Furthermore, we perform some numerical examples to validate the analytical findings. Needless to say, both deterministic and stochastic epidemic models have their important roles.
Spectral Classification of the Hot Components of a Large Sample of Stars with Composite Spectra, and Implication for the Absolute Magnitudes of the Cool Supergiant Components.

A sample of 135 stars with composite spectra has been observed in the near-UV spectral region with the Aurélie spectrograph at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence. Using the spectral classifications of the cool components previously determined with near infrared spectra, we obtained reliable spectral types of the hot components of the sample systems. The hot components were isolated by the subtraction method using MK standards as surrogates of the cool components. We also derived the visual magnitude differences between the components using Willstrop's normalized stellar flux ratios. We propose a photometric model for each of these systems on the basis of our spectroscopic data and the Hipparcos data. We bring to light a discrepancy for the G supergiant primaries between the visual absolute magnitudes deduced from Hipparcos parallaxes and those tabulated by Schmidt-Kaler for the GIb stars: we propose a scale of Mv-values for these stars in composite systems. By way of statistics, about 75% of the hot components are dwarf or subgiant stars, and 25% should be giants. The distribution in spectral types is as follows: 41% of B-type components, 57% of type A, and 2% of type F; 68% of the hot components have a spectral type in the range B7 to A2. The distribution of the ΔMv-values shows a maximum near 0.75 mag.