Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel & worthy: Creativity as thick epistemic concept

The standard view in current philosophy of creativity says that being creative has two requirements: being novel and being valuable (to which a third intentionality requirement is often added; Sternberg and Lubart 1999; Boden 2004; Gaut 2010). However, the standard view on creativity has recently become an object of critical scrutiny. Bird and Hills (2018) have for instance proposed to remove the value requirement from the definition, as it is not clear that creative objects are necessarily valuable and creative people necessarily praiseworthy. In this paper, I argue against Bird and Hills (2018), since eliminating the element of value from the explanation of creativity hinders the understanding of the role that actual creative objects and ideas play in epistemic practices, which are fundamentally normative. More specifically, I argue that the terms ‘creativity’ and ‘creative’ function as thick epistemic concepts when employed by competent epistemic agents in practice, that is, these concepts have both a descriptive and an evaluative content that cannot be disentangled from one another. Accordingly, I suggest that philosophers should prefer thick accounts over thin accounts of creativity. A thick account of creativity is one that endorses the standard view at its basis, but further develops it in two ways: by stressing the entanglement of the value and novelty requirements; by permitting to encompass a range of domain-specific characterizations of such entanglement for different epistemic situations. In order to take the first step in the development of such a thick account, I look at the domain of scientific practice as a case in point, and try to spell out what the thickness (or entanglement of novelty and worth) of creative instances typically entails
Modelling of Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant and Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions by using Absorption Chiller Technology

The main purpose of this study is to propose a technical solution for all these issues (increasing demand for electric power, urgent need to reduce air pollution and global warming and the need to improve the combined cycle gas turbine power plant efficiency and prevent the effects of severe ambient conditions). The combined cycle gas turbine power plant is enhanced by utilizing the rejected heat obtained from the condenser to drive an absorption chiller to cool the gas turbine compressor inlet air to a temperature less than the ISO temperature. The waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust gases may be utilized to produce hot water via double-pipe heat exchanger. The hot water produced could then be used to drive a singleeffect lithium-bromide absorption chiller machine which in turn could be used for air conditioning and food storage requirements with cooling capacity of 1375 refrigeration tonne. This study has shown that the combined cycle gas turbine power plant integrated with absorption chiller attains output power by 10% when operated at ambient temperature of 47 °C with precooling temperature of 10 °C applied to the compressor inlet air. The amount of carbon dioxide emissions reduced by the absorption chiller was 7%. The simulation program IPSEpro has been used to do the modelling and simulation of the combined cycle in this study. Keywords—Li-Br absorption chiller; Combined cycle power plant; IPSEpro software; Global warming.
Earnings Surprises, Growth Expectations, and Stock Returns: Don't Let an Earnings Torpedo Sink Your Portfolio

We provide new evidence that the inferior returns to growth stocks relative to value stocks are the result of expectational errors about future earnings performance. Our evidence demonstrates that growth stocks exhibit an asymmetric response to earnings surprises. We show that while growth stocks are at least as likely to announce negative earnings surprises as positive earnings surprises, they exhibit an asymmetrically large negative price response to negative earnings surprises. After controlling for this asymmetric price response, we find no remaining evidence of a return differential between growth and value stocks. We conclude that the inferior return to growth stocks is attributable to overoptimistic expectational errors that are corrected through subsequent negative earnings surprises.
Which patients presenting with clinical anxiety will abuse benzodiazepines?

Although benzodiazepines represent much safer alternatives to the old generation of sedative‐hypnotics, in contemporary practice a minority of patients still abuse them. Many physicians are leery of prescribing benzodiazepines for fear of inadvertently contributing to such abuse. In the present investigation of a stratified sample of 134 adult patients from anxiety and chemical dependency clinics in two university medical centers were systematically evaluated in semi‐structured interviews based on a modification of Washington University criteria. Sedative (mostly benzodiazepines) abuse was significantly associated with such indicators of long‐term maladjustment as antisocial personality and somatization hysteria, labile moods, temper outbursts, unstable interpersonal relationships, alcoholism, and a history of suicide attempts. Family history of alcoholism was not significant when controlled for familial antisocial personality. Neither depression, nor its chronicity or family history for depression, had any bearing on abuse of benzodiazepines. Logistic regression identified unstable tempestuous relationships and family history of antisocial behavior as the most powerful predictors; in particular, absence of such history correctly classified 80 per cent of those who did not abuse these drugs. Our data can help physicians decide which clinically anxious patients can be prescribed benzodiazepines with relative peace of mind. Apart from the foregoing patient characteristics, physicians must consider pharmacokinetic factors which suggest that benzodiazepines with longer half‐lives are least likely to result in dependence. Finally, non‐benzodiazepine anxiolytic agents—such as hydroxyzine and SSRIs—should receive serious consideration as less problematic agents in the clinical management of anxiety disorders. Whenever available, brief psychotherapeutic approaches should also be provided. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bias in the published fossil record

The published fossil record has significant bias in favor of common and biostratigraphically important taxa when compared with data obtained from a thorough examination of several hundred collections from the Western Interior of North America. Overall species diversity is underestimated by a factor of 3 to 4, and bivalve and gastropod diversity by a factor of 5. The proportion of bivalves increased from 40 to 56% of the fauna, and the proportion of ammonites decreased from 28 to 18%. Thirteen published reports listed 65 species from 203 reported occurrences. Data from all sources showed 170 species for 1050 occurrences. By using abundance data and assuming a log-normal distribution, as many as 200 fossilizable mollusc species may have inhabited the Western Interior during the uppermost biozone of the Cenomanian. The importance of this study is that it quantifies the bias in the published fossil record relative to the potential fossil record for an unusually well studied interval of geologic time. The bias would be greater for less well studied strata.
Skilled Scalable Services: The New Urban Bias in Economic Growth

Since 1980, economic growth in the U.S. has been fastest in its largest cities. We show that a group of skill- and information-intensive service industries are responsible for all of this new urban bias in recent growth. We then propose a simple explanation centered around the interaction of three factors: the disproportionate reliance of these services on information and communication technology (ICT), the precipitous price decline for ICT capital since 1980, and the preexisting comparative advantage of cities in skilled services. Quantitatively, our mechanism accounts for most of the urban biased growth of the U.S. economy in recent decades.
Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.The pathophysiological mechanism of the disease remains elusive.Abundant data have suggested that intestinal bacteria play an important role in the initiation and development of IBD.Saccharomyces boulardii is one of enteric microbes with beneficial effects on the health of human beings.It has been found to be an effective probiotic in ameliorating the symptoms of IBD and its actions may be associated with inhibiting microbial growth,enhancing gut-barrier function,and/or modulating immune response of intestinal mucosa.
Sketch2CAD

We present a sketch-based CAD modeling system, where users create objects incrementally by sketching the desired shape edits, which our system automatically translates to CAD operations. Our approach is motivated by the close similarities between the steps industrial designers follow to draw 3D shapes, and the operations CAD modeling systems offer to create similar shapes. To overcome the strong ambiguity with parsing 2D sketches, we observe that in a sketching sequence, each step makes sense and can be interpreted in the context of what has been drawn before. In our system, this context corresponds to a partial CAD model, inferred in the previous steps, which we feed along with the input sketch to a deep neural network in charge of interpreting how the model should be modified by that sketch. Our deep network architecture then recognizes the intended CAD operation and segments the sketch accordingly, such that a subsequent optimization estimates the parameters of the operation that best fit the segmented sketch strokes. Since there exists no datasets of paired sketching and CAD modeling sequences, we train our system by generating synthetic sequences of CAD operations that we render as line drawings. We present a proof of concept realization of our algorithm supporting four frequently used CAD operations. Using our system, participants are able to quickly model a large and diverse set of objects, demonstrating Sketch2CAD to be an alternate way of interacting with current CAD modeling systems.
Hardware Aware Training for Efficient Keyword Spotting on General Purpose and Specialized Hardware

Keyword spotting (KWS) provides a critical user interface for many mobile and edge applications, including phones, wearables, and cars. As KWS systems are typically 'always on', maximizing both accuracy and power efficiency are central to their utility. In this work we use hardware aware training (HAT) to build new KWS neural networks based on the Legendre Memory Unit (LMU) that achieve state-of-the-art (SotA) accuracy and low parameter counts. This allows the neural network to run efficiently on standard hardware (212$\mu$W). We also characterize the power requirements of custom designed accelerator hardware that achieves SotA power efficiency of 8.79$\mu$W, beating general purpose low power hardware (a microcontroller) by 24x and special purpose ASICs by 16x.
Trophic status of 24 aquatic species in Hiroshima Bay inferred from stable isotope ratio

本研究は広島湾に生息する魚類や頭足類などの栄養段階を炭素・窒素安定同位体分析を用いて明らかにした。 分析した魚類の中で最もδ15N値が低かったのはカタクチイワシとサヨリの14. 4‰で，逆に高かったのはカサゴの16. 8‰であった。 δ13C 値が低かったのはサヨリとスズメダイの-17.6‰で，高かったのはマダイとシロギスの-15.3‰であった。 頭足類を加えると，アオリイカのδ15N 値とδ13C 値は最も高く，それぞれ17. 3‰と-14.8‰であった。 このような種間の栄養段階の違いは，食性や栄養源の違いを反映していると考えられた。 本研究結果は，瀬戸内海でも屈指の漁場として知られている広島湾において，魚類資源の持続的利用を行うために有益な知見となるであろう。
A survey on news recommender system - Dealing with timeliness, dynamic user interest and content quality, and effects of recommendation on news readers

Nowadays, more and more news readers tend to read news online where they have access to millions of news articles from multiple sources. In order to help users to find the right and relevant content, news recommender systems (NRS) are developed to relieve the information overload problem and suggest news items that users might be in-terested in. In this paper, we highlight the major challenges faced by the news recommen-dation domain and identify the possible solutions from the state-of-the-art. Due to the rapid growth of building recommender systems using deep learning models, we divide our dis-cussion in two parts. In the first part, we present an overview of the conventional recom-mendation solutions, datasets, evaluation criteria beyond accuracy and recommendation platforms being used in NRS. In the second part, we explain deep learning-based recom-mendation solutions applied in NRS. Different from previous surveys, we also study the effects of news recommendations on user behavior and try to suggest the possible reme-dies to mitigate these effects. By providing the state-of-the-art knowledge, this survey can help researchers and practical professionals in their understanding of developments in news recommendation algorithms. It also sheds light on potential new directions.
GW190521: Orbital Eccentricity and Signatures of Dynamical Formation in a Binary Black Hole Merger Signal

Pair-instability supernovae are thought to restrict the formation of black holes in the mass range ∼ 50 – 135 M ⊙ . However, black holes with masses within this “high mass gap” are expected to form as the remnants of binary black hole mergers. These remnants can merge again dynamically in densely populated environments such as globular clusters. The hypothesis that the binary black hole merger GW190521 formed dynamically is supported by its high mass. Orbital eccentricity can also be a signature of dynamical formation, since a binary that merges quickly after becoming bound may not circularize before merger. In this work, we measure the orbital eccentricity of GW190521. We find that the data prefer a signal with eccentricity e ≥ 0.1 at 10 Hz to a nonprecessing, quasi-circular signal, with a log Bayes factor ln  = 5.0 . When compared to precessing, quasi-circular analyses, the data prefer a nonprecessing, e ≥ 0.1 signal, with log Bayes factors ln  ≈ 2 . Using injection studies, we find that a nonspinning, moderately eccentric (e = 0.13) GW190521-like binary can be mistaken for a quasi-circular, precessing binary. Conversely, a quasi-circular binary with spin-induced precession may be mistaken for an eccentric binary. We therefore cannot confidently determine whether GW190521 was precessing or eccentric. Nevertheless, since both of these properties support the dynamical formation hypothesis, our findings support the hypothesis that GW190521 formed dynamically.
The turbulent bubble break-up cascade. Part 2. Numerical simulations of breaking waves

Abstract Breaking waves generate a distribution of bubble sizes that evolves over time. Knowledge of how this distribution evolves is of practical importance for maritime and climate studies. The analytical framework developed in Part 1 (Chan, Johnson & Moin, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 912, 2021, A42) examined how this evolution is governed by the bubble-mass flux from large- to small-bubble sizes which depends on the rate of break-up events and the distribution of child bubble sizes. These statistics are measured in Part 2 as ensemble-averaged functions of time by simulating ensembles of breaking waves, and identifying and tracking individual bubbles and their break-up events. The large-scale break-up dynamics is seen to be statistically unsteady, and two intervals with distinct characteristics were identified. In the first interval, the dissipation rate and bubble-mass flux are quasi-steady, and the theoretical analysis of Part 1 is supported by all observed statistics, including the expected $-10/3$ power-law exponent for the super-Hinze-scale size distribution. Strong locality is observed in the corresponding bubble-mass flux, supporting the presence of a super-Hinze-scale break-up cascade. In the second interval, the dissipation rate decays, and the bubble-mass flux increases as small- and intermediate-sized bubbles become more populous. This flux remains strongly local with cascade-like behaviour, but the dominant power-law exponent for the size distribution increases to $-8/3$ as small bubbles are also depleted more quickly. This suggests the emergence of different physical mechanisms during different phases of the breaking-wave evolution, although size-local break-up remains a dominant theme. Parts 1 and 2 present an analytical toolkit for population balance analysis in two-phase flows.
ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: An ALMA Galaxy Signposting a MUSE Galaxy Group at z = 4.3 Behind “El Gordo”

We report the discovery of a Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) galaxy group at z = 4.32 lensed by the massive galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 (aka El Gordo) at z = 0.87, associated with a 1.2 mm source that is at a 2.07 ± 0.88 kpc projected distance from one of the group galaxies. Three images of the whole system appear in the image plane. The 1.2 mm source has been detected within the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS). As this ALMA source is undetected at wavelengths λ < 2 μm, its redshift cannot be independently determined, however, the three lensing components indicate that it belongs to the same galaxy group at z = 4.32. The four members of the MUSE galaxy group have low to intermediate stellar masses (∼107–1010 M⊙) and star formation rates (SFRs) of 0.4–24 M⊙ yr−1, resulting in high specific SFRs (sSFRs) for two of them, which suggest that these galaxies are growing fast (with stellar mass doubling times of only ∼2 × 107 yr). This high incidence of starburst galaxies is likely a consequence of interactions within the galaxy group, which is compact and has high velocity dispersion. Based on the magnification-corrected sub-/millimeter continuum flux density and estimated stellar mass, we infer that the ALMA source is classified as an ordinary ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (with associated dust-obscured SFR ∼ 200–300 M⊙ yr−1) and lies on the star formation main sequence. This reported case of an ALMA/MUSE group association suggests that some presumably isolated ALMA sources are in fact signposts of richer star-forming environments at high redshifts.
New Upper Bound on Extremal Number of Even Cycles

In this paper, we prove $\text{ex}(n, C_{2k})\le (16\sqrt{5}\sqrt{k\log k} + o(1))\cdot n^{1+1/k}$. We improved on Bukh--Jiang's method used in their 2017 publication, thereby reducing the best known upper bound by a factor of $\sqrt{5\log k}$.
Kinematics and dynamics of Gaia red clump stars

In this study, we analyse the kinematics and dynamics of a homogeneous sample of red clump stars, selected from the second Gaia data release catalogue in the direction of the Galactic poles, at five different positions in the plane. The level of completeness of the sample at heights between 0.6 and 3.5 kpc was asserted through a comparison with the 2 Micron All Sky Survey catalogue. We show that both the density distribution and velocity dispersion are significantly more perturbed in the north than in the south in all analysed regions of our Galactic neighbourhoods. We provide a detailed assessment of these north-south asymmetries at large heights, which can provide useful constraints for models of the interaction of the Galactic disc with external perturbers. We proceeded to evaluate how such asymmetries could affect determinations of the dynamical matter density under equilibrium assumptions. We find that a Jeans analysis delivers relatively similar vertical forces and integrated dynamical surface densities at large heights above the plane in both hemispheres. At these heights, the densities of stars and gas are very low and the surface density is largely dominated by dark matter (DM), which allows us to estimate, separately in the north and in the south, the local dark matter density derived under equilibrium assumptions. In the presence of vertical perturbations, such values should be considered as an upper limit. This Jeans analysis yields values of the local dark matter density above 2 kpc, namely, ρDM ∼ 0.013 M⊙ pc−3 (∼0.509 GeV cm−3) in the perturbed northern hemisphere and ρDM ∼ 0.010 M⊙ pc−3 (∼0.374 GeV cm−3) in the much less perturbed south. As a comparison, we determine the local dark matter density by fitting a global phase-space distribution to the data. We end up with a value in the range of ρDM ∼ 0.011−0.014 M⊙ pc−3, which is in global agreement with the Jeans analysis. These results call for the further development of non-equilibrium methods with the aim of obtaining a more precise estimate for the dynamical matter density in the Galactic disc.
SketchEmbedNet: Learning Novel Concepts by Imitating Drawings

Sketch drawings are an intuitive visual domain that generally preserves semantics. Previous work has shown that recurrent neural networks are capable of producing sketch drawings of a single or few classes at a time. In this work we focus on the representations developed by training a generative model to produce sketches from pixel images across many classes in a sketch domain. We find that the embeddings learned by this sketching model are extremely informative for visual tasks and infer compositional information. We then use them to exceed state-of-the-art performance in unsupervised few-shot classification on the Omniglot and mini-ImageNet benchmarks. We also leverage the generative capacity of our model to produce high quality sketches of novel classes based on just a single example.
The Quantum Wasserstein Distance of Order 1

We propose a generalization of the Wasserstein distance of order 1 to the quantum states of $n$ qudits. The proposal recovers the Hamming distance for the vectors of the canonical basis, and more generally the classical Wasserstein distance for quantum states diagonal in the canonical basis. The proposed distance is invariant with respect to permutations of the qudits and unitary operations acting on one qudit and is additive with respect to the tensor product. Our main result is a continuity bound for the von Neumann entropy with respect to the proposed distance, which significantly strengthens the best continuity bound with respect to the trace distance. We also propose a generalization of the Lipschitz constant to quantum observables. The notion of quantum Lipschitz constant allows us to compute the proposed distance with a semidefinite program. We prove a quantum version of Marton’s transportation inequality and a quantum Gaussian concentration inequality for the spectrum of quantum Lipschitz observables. Moreover, we derive bounds on the contraction coefficients of shallow quantum circuits and of the tensor product of one-qudit quantum channels with respect to the proposed distance. We discuss other possible applications in quantum machine learning, quantum Shannon theory, and quantum many-body systems.
Is Factor Momentum More than Stock Momentum?

Yes, but only at short lags. In this paper we investigate the relationship between factor momentum and stock momentum. Using a sample of 72 factors documented in the literature, we first replicate earlier findings that factor momentum exists and works both directionally and cross-sectionally. We then ask if factor momentum is spanned by stock momentum. A simple spanning test reveals that after controlling for stock momentum and factor exposure, statistically significant Sharpe ratios only belong to implementations which include the last month of returns. We conclude this study with a simple theoretical model that captures these forces: (1) there is stock-level mean reversion at short lags and momentum at longer lags, (2) there is stock and factor momentum at all lags and (3) there is natural comovement between the PNLs of stock and factor momentums at all horizons.