Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disease Burden from Coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptoms Among Inpatients at the Temporary Military Hospitals in Wuhan: A Retrospective Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Since the advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in most parts of the world, people are still at risk of the disease. We aimed to establish a set of disability weights (DWs) for COVID-19 symptoms, evaluate the disease burden of inpatients, analyze the characteristics, and influencing factors of the disease. Methods: The symptoms were identified by literature review and medical staff questionnaire. DWs of COVID-19 symptoms were determined by the person-trade-off approach proposed by the World Health Organization. The extracted medical records data of 2,702 randomly selected inpatients with COVID-19 at three temporary military hospitals in Wuhan, China, were analyzed and used to calculate the disability adjusted life years (DALY). Means DALY between gender and age groups were tested by analysis of variance. Multiple line regression models were used to determine the relationship between DALY and age, gender, body mass index, length of stay, symptom duration before admission, and native place. Results: For the DALY of each inpatient, severe expiratory dyspnea and mild cough and sore throat had the highest (0.399) and lowest (0.004) weights, respectively. The average synthetic DALY and daily DALY were 2.29±1.33 and 0.18±0.15 days, respectively. Fever and fatigue contributed the largest DALY at 31.36%; nausea and vomiting, and anxiety and depression contributed the least at 7.05%. There were significant differences between gender and age groups in both synthetic and daily DALY. Age, body mass index, length of stay, and symptom duration before admission were strongly related to both synthetic and daily DALY. Conclusions: COVID-19 and its symptoms could cause heavy disease burden. Although the disease burden was higher among females than in the males; however, their daily disease burdens were similar. Life value differs for different age groups; taking the changing life value with age into account; the disease burden in the younger population was higher than that in the older population. Besides, treatment at the hospitals relieved the disease burden efficiently, while delay in hospitalization could worsen it. Therefore, deployment of adequate medical resources for early hospitalization of patients with moderate or severe symptoms is needed by the public health authority.
A Study of Carbonized Lignin as an Alternative to Carbon Black

The production of biobased carbonaceous powder from bioethanol coproduct lignin for use as a substitute for fossil fuel-derived conductive carbon black filler is examined. The synthesis procedure used for the formation of biobased carbon black is studied in order to obtain properties similar to conventional carbon black. Characterization of the carbon material after varying carbonization temperatures and ball milling times was investigated to optimize carbon size, surface area, and thermal and electrical conductivity. The optimized carbonized ball milled lignin had a carbon content greater than 90% with the majority of the carbon atoms in the sp2 hybridized state. The carbonized ball milled lignin exhibited a surface area 882% larger and a thermal conductivity 36% greater in comparison to the conductive carbon black tested, while the electrical conductivity was 9.5 S m–1 lower for the carbonized ball milled lignin. This research has demonstrated the possibility of producing biobased carbon black as a pote.
Characterization of early dental caries by polarized Raman spectroscopy

The early approximal caries lesion in enamel is observed clinically as a white spot and is difficult to detect and/or monitor with current methods available to dentists. New methods with high sensitivity and specificity are required to enable improved early dental caries diagnosis. Using unpolarized Raman spectroscopy to examine unsectioned teeth, peak intensity changes in the phosphate (PO43-) vibrations (ν2, ν3 and ν4) were observed between spectra of sound and carious enamel. However, there is little change in the ν1 vibration with this approach. In contrast, when tooth sections were examined by unpolarized Raman spectroscopy, marked changes in the ν1 peak at 959 cm-1 were noted between healthy and carious enamel. These differences suggest that sampling orientation play a role in understanding the spectral changes. Using polarized Raman spectroscopy to examine unsectioned samples, cross polarized measurements from sound enamel exhibited significant reduction of the ν1 peak compared with parallel polarized measurements. A similar reduction was observed with carious enamel, however, the reduction was not as prominent. By calculating the depolarization ratio of the area under the ν1 peak, sound enamel can be clearly distinguished from demineralized regions. The spectral changes observed are attributed to changes in the structure and/or orientation of the apatite crystals as a result of the acid demineralization process.
A 28-GHz Beam-Space MIMO RX With Spatial Filtering and Frequency-Division Multiplexing-Based Single-Wire IF Interface

The evolution of mm-wave phased array receivers (RX) to MIMO RX promises multi-beamforming and improved capacity. Although digital beamforming (DBF) provides the highest flexibility, digitization in the beam space as opposed to element space enables ADC digitization scalability with number of beams (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\le $ </tex-math></inline-formula>4) and spatial filtering prior to the ADC. mm-Wave MIMO arrays must also address the challenge of increased IO routing while supporting dense fill-factors with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda /2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna spacing. In this work, an MIMO beam-space RX array architecture with simultaneous spatial filtering and single wire frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) is presented. The reconfigurable weighted multi-phase mixing based beam-space RX scheme achieves both: 1) multi-beam formation/spatial filtering and 2) FDM of multiple beam-space outputs, preserving full MIMO field-of-view while ensuring a single IF interface. A 28-GHz four-element RX prototype demonstrates the proposed architecture in 65-nm CMOS. The IC occupies only 3.4 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 3.1 mm for a four-element MIMO 28-GHz array and can form four independent beams with >400-MHz 3-dB BW and FDM on to a single IF interface. The array consumes 450 mW and achieves >27-dB beam-to-beam isolation over 150-MHz BW, while consuming 28.1 mW/stream/beam for 28 GHz. Concurrent MIMO measurements with two wireless 28-GHz beams are shown at 400 Mb/s (100 Msps, 16QAM) data rate demonstrating mm-wave MIMO operation.
Symbol-Level Precoding With Constellation Rotation in the Finite Block Length Regime

This letter tackles the problem of optimizing the parameters of a symbol-level precoder for downlink multi-antenna multi-user systems in the finite block length regime. Symbol-level precoding (SLP) is a non-linear technique for multi-user wireless networks, which exploits constructive interference among co-channel links. Current SLP designs, however, implicitly assume asymptotically infinite blocks, since they do not take into account that the design rules for finite and especially short blocks might significantly differ. This letter fills this gap by introducing a novel SLP design based on discrete constellation rotations. The rotations are the added degree of freedom that can be optimized for every block to be transmitted, for instance, to save transmit power. Numerical evaluations of the proposed method indicate substantial power savings, which might be over 99% compared to the traditional SLP, at the expense of a single additional pilot symbol per block for constellation de-rotation.
Temperature Dependence of Oxide Layer Formation on Hydrogen Isotope Retention in Type 316 Stainless Steel

Abstract Temperature dependence of oxide layer formation on hydrogen isotope retention in stainless steel type 316 was studied by TDS and XPS. The shape of TDS spectrum was clearly changed by the oxide formation temperature. The chemical states of iron, chromium and oxygen were also evaluated by XPS. The surface oxide layer was composed of iron and oxygen and the contribution of chromium was quite low. The ratio of oxide layer on stainless steel increased as increasing the annealing temperature. The deuterium retention trapped by the oxide layer, which corresponded to the desorption temperature of 600-800 K, was governed by the ratio of oxide layer, especially iron hydroxide. All of the iron was not oxidized and the saturation ratio of iron oxide to pure iron existed in the stainless steel. It was concluded that the saturation of deuterium retention trapped by the oxide layer was controlled by the amount of iron oxide in the oxide layer.
Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Cross Linked Rigid Structured Schiff Base Polymers: Effect of Substituent Position Changes on Optical, Electrical, and Thermal Properties

ABSTRACT Three Schiff base diol monomers were oxidatively polymerized with NaOCl as an oxidant. The structures of the monomers and polymers were confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques. Conductivity of the iodine doped polymers measured was compared based on the total charges on imine nitrogen calculated by Huckel method. The polymers were having quite lower band gap than the monomers. Fluorescence spectra of monomers and polymers showed that the excitation and emission maxima centered in the region 362–400 nm and 467–513 nm with large stokes shift. High carbine residue, around 50% at 800°C confirmed that the polymers were having good thermal stability. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A Graph-Based Temporal Attention Framework for Multi-Sensor Traffic Flow Forecasting

Accurate spatio-temporal traffic forecasting serves as the basis of dynamic strategy and applications for intelligent transportation systems, which is of great practical significance for improving traffic safety and mitigating road congestion. Recently, deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been applied to traffic flow forecasting, which exhibits better performance than conventional methods. However, these CNN-based methods typically learn traffic as images to model spatial correlation, which is only applicable to Euclidean grid map data rather than non-Euclidean multi-sensor data. To address this problem, we propose a graph-based temporal attention framework GTA, which considers both spatial and temporal correlation, to forecast traffic flow based on data collected from multiple sensors. More specifically, GTA can better capture spatial dependencies leveraging graph embedding techniques on sensor networks because it preserves more details in the algorithms. We also introduce an attention mechanism to adaptively identify the relations among temporal submodules. Spatio-temporal dependencies are more effectively and comprehensively integrated due to the full use of the topological properties of transportation networks. We evaluate GTA with a large-scale traffic dataset from England and enhance it with topology information. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art baselines.
The Impact of Training Program Associated with Musical Rhythm to Teach Female Student’s Gymnastics Selected Skills

The objectives of the study were to identify the effect of the training program accompanied with musical rhythm on the skill level of female students in the gymnastics course at Yarmouk University. As well as to Identify the mean differences in the post measurement among the level of skill performance in the gymnastics course according to groups “experimental and control". The quasi experimental design was used as a research method, the sample of the study was (40) students chosen on purposive way from female students in the school of physical education at Yarmouk University who were enrolled in gymnastics (2) course. Ss were distributed randomly into two equal groups (n=20). The program was designed and applied by utilizing musical rhythm during instructional sessions. The results of the study show that the value of (t) test of the experimental group for the skill level in pre and post measurements was at statistically significant value at (α≤0.05) for the benefit of the post measurement. Also, the values of (t) for skill performance in gymnastics indicate statistically significant differences between the means of the skill performance of the sample due to the variable of the group and for the benefit of the experimental group. The researchers recommend using musical rhythm in teaching -learning sessions in order to improve the performance in other practical courses, especially with the courses that require high consistent performance.
Fixed-Time Formation Control for Wheeled Mobile Robots With Prescribed Performance

A fixed-time control approach is investigated for the leader–follower formation tracking issue of wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) with prescribed performance in this brief. The nonlinear and underactuated model of the WMR is first transformed into a linear one with uncertainties and external disturbances. Then, a time-varying fixed-time extended state observer is developed to observe the total disturbance. Furthermore, a time-varying fixed-time distributed observer is constructed to estimate the state of the leader. Finally, a novel fixed-time prescribed performance strategy is presented to achieve the formation tracking. Experimental results demonstrate the validation of the proposed method.
Studies of noncovalent complexes of Cex and its inhibitors by mass spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been used to compare gas phase and solution binding of three small-molecule inhibitors to the wild type and three mutant forms of the catalytic domain of Cex, an enzyme that hydrolyses xylan. The inhibitors, xylobiosyldeoxynojirimycin, xylobiosyl-isofagomine lactam, and xylobiosyl-isofagomine consist of a common distal xylose linked to different proximal aza-sugars. The three mutant forms of the enzyme: Asn44Ala, Gln87Met and Gln87Tyr, alter the binding interactions between Cex and the distal sugar of each inhibitor. An electrospray ionization (ESI) triple quadrupole MS/MS system is used to measure the internal energies, A£ i n t , that must be added to gas phase ions to cause dissociation of the noncovalent enzyme-inhibitor complexes. Collision cross sections of ions of the apo-enzyme and enzyme-inhibitor complexes, which are required for the calculations of A E i n t , have also been measured. The results show that, in the gas phase, enzyme-inhibitor complexes have more compact, folded conformations than the corresponding apo-enzyme ions. With the mutant enzymes the effects of substituting a single residue can be detected. The energies required to dissociate the gas phase complexes follow the same trend as the values of AG0dissociation in solution. This trend is observed both with different inhibitors, which probe binding tothe proximal sugar, and with mutants of Cex, which probe binding to the distal sugar. Thus the gas phase complexes appear to retain much of their solution binding characteristics. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange shows that apo-protein ions from solutions of complexes exchange more hydrogens than ions of enzyme-inhibitor complexes from the same solution, indicating a more open conformation of apo-protein ions.
Evaluation of the Sorption Equilibrium and Effect of Drying Temperature on the Antioxidant Capacity of the Jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora)

In recent years, interest toward berries has increased (e.g., Myrciaria cauliflora or jaboticaba) because of their high phenolic content (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) that has been associated with positive effects on consumer health and which play an important role in the antioxidant properties of food. This study analyzed the sorption isotherms, thermodynamic properties of sorption (isosteric heat and Gibbs free energy), and the evolution of the antioxidant capacity during the drying process. The effects of drying temperatures of 40°, 50°C, and 60°C on the antioxidant capacity and thermodynamic properties of sorption were evaluated. The gravimetric static method for sorption isotherm determination over a range of relative humidity levels from 0.10 to 0.90 was used. The sorption isotherms exhibited a Type II behavior, typical for many foods. The Guggenheim, Anderson, and Boer (GAB); Oswin; Peleg; and Lewicki models were used to fit the experimental data, and it was determined that the GAB and Peleg models were most appropriate for describing the sorption curves. The isosteric heat and Gibbs free energy were obtained from the experimental sorption equilibrium. The isosteric heat of adsorption decreased when the moisture content increased, while the Gibbs free energy increased. In addition, the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity increased while drying at 50°C and 60°C, whereas these factors decreased at 40°C. Our results provide the food industry with information concerning the best drying conditions to preserve antioxidant properties.
Designing and Evaluating Biochar Pyrolysis Kiln

Enhanced biochars pyrolysis Kiln was developed and used to produce biochars from rice straw and date palm fronds biomass. The pyrolysis kiln was an internal rectangular chamber with a total volume of 0.30 m. the pyrolysis temperature either to reach 250 °C, 450 °C or 650 °C with heating rate of 5 C min. Three residence times (2, 4, 5 h) were examined to study the impact of temperature on the quality of biochars. Study measurements included the chemical properties, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and elemental compositions on the surfaces of produced biochars. Rice straw and date palm fronds biochars yield decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature from 250 c to 650 c. Also volatile matter yield decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures. Ash content and fixed C in rice straw biochars increased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures. Where, minimum recorded ash content was 23.5 % at 250 c temperature for 2 h residence time, and maximum recorded value was 32.5 % at temperature degree of 650 c for 5 h residence time, with similar data trend for date palm fronds biochars but with lower ash content values. Both H and O decreased in rice straw biochars with increasing pyrolysis temperature, while C content increased. N content had no constant change behaviour as it increased until temperature of 450 c, but decreased afterwards at 650 c. In date palm fronds biochars pH increased with the applied pyrolysis temperatures and there was decrease in CEC with increasing temperature.
Economic growth-financial development-poverty nexus in emerging markets

The study's three objectives were to investigate: 1) impact of economic growth on poverty; 2) financial development's influence on poverty; 3) if financial development is an avenue through which economic growth alleviates poverty in emerging markets. The study used the dynamic generalised methods of moments (dynamic GMM) with annual panel data covering the period from 2005 to 2019. Economic growth was found to have non-significantly reduced poverty whilst financial development significantly reduced poverty levels in emerging markets. On the other hand, the complementarity between economic growth and financial development was found to have enhanced poverty reduction efforts in emerging markets. Financial development was found to be a channel through which economic growth reduced poverty in emerging markets. Emerging markets are therefore urged to implement financial development enhancement policies in order to successfully fight off poverty.
Electrodynamic response in the electronic nematic phase of BaFe$_2$As$_2$

C. Mirri,1,* A. Dusza,1 S. Bastelberger,1 M. Chinotti,1 J.-H. Chu,2,3 H. -H. Kuo,2,3 I. R. Fisher,2,3 and L. Degiorgi1,* 1Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland 2Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA 3Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA (Received 23 October 2015; published 5 February 2016)
Alkaline Pressure Oxidation of Pyrite in the Presence of Silica – Characterization of the Passivating Film

Alkaline pressure oxidation, particularly in the presence of trona as additive, can be used to oxidize high carbonate refractory gold ores as it prevents the formation of CO2 in the autoclave. However, the presence of silica in the ore can lead to the encapsulation of pyrite due to the formation of a passive layer. This phenomenon occurs due to the high solubility of silica in alkaline solutions and its subsequent re-precipitation on the reacting pyrite surface. The present study investigated the chemical composition and thickness of the passive layer on a rotating pyrite surface in an aqueous slurry containing silica sand, sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate at 230°C and under 7 bar of oxygen overpressure. Results obtained from XPS and SEM show that a concentration of 2.5 g/L sodium carbonate gave the maximum thickness of passivation on pyrite and that the passive layer consisted primarily of silicates and aluminosilicates. %%%%MAST
Solid State Reaction Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials

In this paper, aluminum doped titanium dioxide nanopowder with doping concentration of different weights were successfully prepared with a simple technique: the classic ceramic technique (or solid-state method). This technique permits the acquiring of powders as pellets with a small amount of the material. The best conditions for the prepared pellets are obtained. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are mixed with different amounts of aluminum concentrations (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). The powders were then mixed and consolidated into pellets and sintered using a conventional furnace at 1100oC. The mechanical, thermal, structural, morphological (including roughness of the samples’ surfaces), and optical properties for those as-prepared samples are demonstrated by: Shore D hardness instrument, roughness test Instrument, Lee's Disc, X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The effect of aluminum doped concentrations on the characteristics of titanium dioxide nanoparticles depending on the above instruments are studied. The X-ray diffraction patterns appear to the crystallinity of these materials with a grain size between 20 nm and 30 nm. A roughness measurement indicates that the value of titanium dioxide nanoparticles decreases with the addition of aluminum weights according to the results of the hardness of the samples. Moreover, the results showed that the thermal conductivity increased with the increasing weight fraction of aluminum material. The main goal of the present paper is to investigate the annealing temperature-dependent behavior of the broadening parameter and the characteristics of aluminum doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles.