Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment Outcomes and Associated Factors in Hospitalised Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a public health challenge in sub-Saharan African countries. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of data regarding factors affecting treatment outcomes in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among children aged 6 to 59 months with SAM, receiving care at Jimma University Medical center, Ethiopia. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were computed to determine factors associated with treatment outcomes. Kaplan – Meier survival analysis, life-table analysis, and Log rank test were used to determine death rates, estimate the proportion of surviving, and compare time to recovery (nutritional cure). Results: A total of 133 children were included in this study and 79.7% had medical comorbidities. Overall, nutritional recovery, death, and default rates were 25.6%, 3.8%, and 7.6%, respectively. There was no signi ﬁ cant difference in the nutritional recovery rate (26.1% versus 25.4%; p=0.4) and the median time to recovery between children who had diarrhea at admission (26 days; 95% CI: 24.0 – 28.7) and those who had not (26.0 days; 95% CI: 21.90 – 30.10). Likewise, the average daily weight gain was not signi ﬁ cantly different between the two groups (6.34 g/kg/day versus 7.76g/kg/day, p=0.4). Having diagnosed with tuberculosis (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR)=0.19, CI 0.06 – 0.62) and anemia (AHR =0.32, CI 0.14 – 0.74) and treatment failures (AHR=0.17, CI, 0.16 – 0.03) were predicting factors for time to recovery. Conclusion: The recovery rate and average daily weight gain were found to be sub-optimal in the study population. However, the median time to recovery was within the national recommendation. There was no signi ﬁ cant difference in the recovery rate and time to recovery between the two groups. Treatment failures and the presence of tuberculosis and anemia were indicators for prolonged stabilization phase and time to achieve nutritional cure. Optimal average daily weight gain and clinical management of comorbidities may enhance early recovery in hospitalised children with SAM.
Knowledge Distance, Cognitive-Search Processes, and Creativity : The Making of Winning Solutions in Science Contests

argued that such limitations occur because people’s domain knowledge affects their initial mental representation of a problem and thus subsequently shapes the solutions that they come up with. With particularly intractable problems, that initial representation can be hard to shake off, even though the Abstract Prior research has provided conflicting arguments and evidence about whether people who are outsiders or insiders relative to a knowledge domain are more likely to demonstrate scientific creativity in that particular domain. We propose that the nature of the relationship between creativity and the distance of an individual’s expertise from a knowledge domain depends on his or her cognitive processes of problem solving (i.e., cognitive-search effort and cognitive-search variation). In an analysis of 230 solutions generated in a science contest platform, we found that distance was positively associated with creativity when problem solvers engaged in a focused search (i.e., low cognitive-search variation) and exerted a high level of cognitive effort. People whose expertise was close to a knowledge domain, however, were more likely to demonstrate creativity in that domain when they drew on a wide variety of different knowledge elements for recombination (i.e., high cognitive-search variation) and exerted substantial cognitive effort.
Title: Exploring the relationships between taste phenotypes, genotypes, ethnicity, 1 gender and taste perception using Chi-square and regression tree analysis

10 It is well known that perceived taste intensity varies greatly among individuals, and 11 that several factors including taste phenotypes (PROP Taster Status (PTS), Sweet 12 Liking Status (SLS), Thermal Taster Status (TTS)), ethnicity and gender, contribute to 13 variation in taste responsiveness, although such factors are usually investigated in 14 isolation. This study aimed to investigate the association between different taste 15 pheno/genotypes, explore whether these taste phenotypes associated with ethnicity 16 (Caucasian vs Asian) and gender, and determine the relative effects of the different 17 factors on perceived taste intensity. As analysis of this type of data with ANOVA can 18 be difficult due to confounding factors, interactions, and small sample sizes in 19 subcategories, the use of regression tree analysis as an alternative approach was 20 investigated. To that end, two-hundred and twenty-three volunteers were phenotyped 21 for their PTS, SLS and TTS and genotyped for TAS2R38 –rs713598 and gustin – 22 rs2274333. They also rated their perceived intensity of five basic taste and metallic 23 solutions on a gLMS scale. No significant association between the three taste 24 phenotypes were found indicating PTS, SLS and TTS are independent taste 25 phenotypes. However, the results indicated that Asians were not only more likely to 26 be PROP supertasters, but also more likely to be thermal tasters or Low Sweet Likers, 27 compared to Caucasians. Gender was also significantly associated with SLS, where 28 males were more likely to be High Sweet Likers. For perceived taste intensity, 29 traditional ANOVA
[Re] Improved Calibration and Predictive Uncertainty for Deep Neural Networks

Miscalibration of a model is deﬁned as the mismatch between predicting probability estimates and the true correctness likelihood. In this work, we aim to replicate the results reported by [1] on their analysis of the eﬀect of Mixup [2] on a network’s calibration. Mixup is an eﬀective yet simple approach of data augmentation, which generates a convex combination of a pair of training images and their corresponding labels as the input and target for training a network. We replicate the results reported by the authors for CIFAR-100 [3], Fashion-MNIST [4], STL-10 [5], out-of-distribution and random noise data. Our implementation code can be found at https://github.com/MacroMayhem/OnMixup .
DETECTION OF AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA IN RAW MILK AND SOME MILK PRODUCTS WITH REFERENCE TO ITS PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARD

This study aimed to determine Aeromonas spp . in raw milk and some milk products. A total of 100 raw milk, kareish cheese, ice cream and baladi yoghurt (25 samples, each) were collected from different dairy shops and street peddlers in Assiut city, Egypt and were bacteriologically examined for presence and count of Aeromonas spp . The incidences of counted Aeromonas spp . in raw milk, kareish cheese, ice cream and baladi yoghurt were 36, 32, 24 and 0.0%, respectively, with average counts of 1.0×10 5 , 3.2×10 4 , 5.0×10 2 and < 100 cfu/ml, respectively. The incidences of counted Aeromonas hydrophila , in raw milk, kareish cheese and ice cream were 16, 12 and 8%, while for Aeromonas caviae , the incidences were 12, 16 and 12%, respectively. Moreover, the incidences of counted Aeromonas sobria in raw milk, kareish cheese and ice cream were 8, 4 and 4%, respectively. Baladi yoghurt samples were negative for Aeromonas spp. in this study. All the recovered Aeromonas hydrophila organisms were confirmed by PCR assay for the presence of 16S rRNA gene and 100% of the tested strains harboured this gene. The aer A and ahh 1 virulence genes were present in Aeromonas hydrophila in percentages of 66.67 and 77.78%, respectively. All the recovered Aeromonas hydrophila , Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas sobria strains, in this study, exhibited 100% virulence properties on bases of proteolytic, lioplytic, psychrotrophic and β-haemolytic activities. The recovered Aeromonas hydrophila , Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas sobria exhibited 100% resistance towards Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Erythromycin antibiotics, while, they exhibited 100% sensitivity towards Ciprofloxacin. The public health hazards of occurrence of Aeromonas spp. in milk and its products as well as the suggestive control measures were discussed.
University of Birmingham Economic evaluation of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation compared to antibiotics for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection

A B S T R A C T Background: Clostridioides dif ﬁ cile infection (CDI) is a hospital acquired disease associated with signi ﬁ cant morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality. Almost 30% of treated patients experience at least one recurrence after treatment of their ﬁ rst episode. Treatment of recurrent CDI (rCDI) utilises vancomycin or ﬁ daxomicin, however, a newer treatment option is faecal microbial transplantation (FMT) administered by nasogastric tube (NGT) or colonoscopy. It is associated with higher cure and lower recurrence rates than ﬁ daxomicin or vancomycin. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate the cost effectiveness of FMT for rCDI using the latest and best evidence. Method: A cost utility analysis was conducted using a decision model representing the cost per additional Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) from a National Health Service (NHS) perspective. A Markov model was constructed to compare FMT NGT and colonoscopy to antibiotic treatment ( ﬁ daxomicin or vancomycin). The model was informed by a literature review of clinical evidence, speci ﬁ cally focussing on hospitalised patients with rCDI over 65 years. Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainties around the model inputs and assumptions. Findings: The base case analysis showed that FMT is a less costly and more effective treatment than either ﬁ daxomicin or vancomycin. FMT colonoscopy was slightly more effective than FMT NGT leading to an addi- tional 0.012 QALYs but more expensive and the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was £242,514/ QALY. The Probabilistic sensitivity analysis based on 10,000 simulations suggested the probability of FMT NGT being cost effective was almost 78% at £20,000/QALY Willingness (cid:1) To-Pay (WTP) threshold. Interpretation: FMT is both more effective and less costly option than antimicrobial therapy. FMT NGT was the preferred route of administration and is likely to be considered the most cost-effective strategy by decision makers given current acceptable thresholds. the
Tolerance in Stringent Transplant Models Promotes Long Term Engraftment and Synergizes with CD40 Ligand Blockade and Targeting Signal 1 Through CD45RB

The induction and maintenance of allograft tolerance is a daunting challenge. Although combined blockade of CD28 and CD40 ligand (CD40L)-costimulatory pathways prevents allograft rejection in some murine models, this strategy is unable to sustain engraftment in the most immunogenic allograft and strain combinations. By targeting T cell activation signals 1 and 2 with the novel combination of anti-CD45RB and anti-CD40L, we now demonstrate potent enhancement of engraftment in C57BL/6 recipients that are relatively resistant to costimulatory blockade. This combination signiﬁcantly augments the induction of tolerance to islet allografts and dramatically prolongs primary skin allograft survival. Compared with either agent alone, anti-CD45RB plus anti-CD40L inhibits periislet inﬁltration by CD8 cells, B cells, and monocytes; inhibits Th1 cytokines; and increases Th2 cytokine expression within the graft. These data indicate that interference with activation signals one and two may provide synergy essential for prolonged engraftment in situations where costimulatory blockade is only partially effective. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 322–329.
The impact of traumatic stress on the ability to overcome Pavlovian response biases

Background : Disturbances in Pavlovian valuation systems are reported to follow traumatic stress exposure. However, motivated decisions are also guided by instrumental mechanisms, but to date the effect of traumatic stress on these instrumental systems remain poorly investigated. Here, we examine whether a single episode of severe traumatic stress influences flexible instrumental decisions through an impact on a Pavlovian system. Methods : Twenty-six survivors of the 2011 Norwegian terror attack and thirty matched control subjects performed an instrumental learning task in which Pavlovian and instrumental associations promoted congruent or conflicting responses. We used reinforcement learning models to infer how traumatic stress affected learning and decision-making. Based on the importance of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) for cognitive control, we also investigated if individual concentrations of Glx (= glutamate + glutamine) in dACC predicted the Pavlovian bias of choice. Results : Survivors of traumatic stress expressed a greater Pavlovian interference with instrumental action selection and had significantly lower levels of Glx in the dACC. Across subjects, the degree of Pavlovian interference was negatively associated with dACC Glx concentrations. Conclusions : Experiencing traumatic stress appears to render instrumental decisions less flexible by increasing the susceptibility to Pavlovian influences. An observed association between prefrontal glutamatergic levels and this Pavlovian bias provides novel insight into the neurochemical basis of decision-making, and suggests a mechanism by which traumatic stress can impair flexible instrumental behaviours.
University of Birmingham From acceptance to adaptive acceptance of social media policy change

Drawing on theories of mindfulness, this paper aims to introduce the concept of adaptive acceptance of social media policy change in the context of Business-to-Business (B2B) Small-and-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) based in the South East of England. The paper adopts a quasi-experimental design based on the analysis of multiple cases with each case replicating prior findings either literally or theoretically. The study uses a mix of survey, interview, and electronic data informed by an innovative, set-theoretic approach to distill commonalities within positive cases and differences between positive and negative cases. It shows that attracting new customers and raising the company ’ s profile are necessary pre-requisites for adaptive acceptance of social media policy changes. In addition, these two conditions combined with learning to use social media effortlessly are jointly sufficient for adaptive acceptance. Theoretical, practical, and methodological implications are discussed.
HIV Epitopes and Affect CTL Recognition Monocytes Lead to Uneven Production of Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, and Different Antigen-Processing Activities in

Dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (MPs), and monocytes are permissive to HIV. Whether they similarly process and present HIV epitopes to HIV-speciﬁc CD8 T cells is unknown despite the critical role of peptide processing and presentation for recognition and clearance of infected cells. Cytosolic peptidases degrade endogenous proteins originating from self or pathogens, exogenous Ags preprocessed in endolysosomes, thus shaping the peptidome available for endoplasmic reticulum translocation, trimming, and MHC-I presentation. In this study, we compared the capacity of DCs, MPs, and monocyte cytosolic extracts to produce epitope precursors and epitopes. We showed differences in the proteolytic activities and expression levels of cytosolic proteases between monocyte-derived DCs and MPs and upon maturation with LPS, R848, and CL097, with mature MPs having the highest activities. Using cytosol as a source of proteases to degrade epitope-containing HIV peptides, we showed by mass spectrometry that the degradation patterns of long peptides and the kinetics and amount of antigenic peptides produced differed among DCs, MPs, and monocytes. Additionally, variable intracellular stability of HIV peptides prior to loading onto MHC may accentuate the differences in epitope availability for presentation by MHC-I between these subsets. Differences in peptide degradation led to 2- to 25-fold differences in the CTL responses elicited by the degradation peptides generated in DCs, MPs, and monocytes. Differences in Ag-processing activities between these subsets might lead to variations in the timing and efﬁciency of
Cervical Cancer in Liberia: Identifying Existing Gaps in Infrastructure and Treatment Availability

In Liberia, cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer related death among women. The lack of prevention, screening and follow up programs, have made cervical cancer public health urgency. We reviewed charts on 157 women who presented for a treatment in Monrovia between 2008 and 2013. The objective of the review was to determine overall survival from cervical cancer based on current treatment strategies and to identify those factors that impact survival. The majority of women, >70% presented with advanced stage disease and 1/3 of women succumbed to their disease within 3 months if no treatment was given. Treatment with only chemotherapy or chemotherapy given in the neo-adjuvant setting followed by surgery increased overall survival to 6 and 9 months respectively. Patients who presented early in the course of their disease and were eligible for primary treatment with surgery survived the longest highlighting the need for awareness and early diagnosis. Given the identified infrastructural and human capacity deficits treatment options are limited. A comprehensive treatment strategy is necessary to demonstrate improvement in addressing the full spectrum of cervical cancer management in this resource-constrained country.
Prediction of Based on the Beliefs and Perceptions of Pain Intensity and Pain Perceived Stress and Self-Control in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Introduction: Regarding the importance of psychological problems along with the physical condition of patients in the community, especially patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The purpose of this study was to "predict the severity of pain based on beliefs and perception of perceived pain and perceived stress and self-control in patients with rheumatoid arthritis". The research is categorized as descriptive correlational research in terms of research methodology and it is categorized as applied research in terms of purpose. The statistical population included all women with rheumatoid arthritis who referred to Shariati and Loghman hospitals in 2016. A sample of 200 participants was selected based on Morgan's table. The instrument was Convictions and perception of pain, Perceived Stress (PSS-14), self-control and Visual Analogue Assessment (VAS). For analyzing the data, inferential statistics, stepwise multivariate regression analysis was used. Findings: The founding indicted that the variance of intensity of the pain was codified 34/1% of believing perception of the pain, 10/8% of self-control and 2/2% of perceived stress respectively which totally justified 47/1% of the variance of the model. Among the components of convictions and perception of the pain, the intensity of the pain was codified being mysterious 31/1% and believing in permanence of the pain 2/1% respectively. (In total 36/2%). Among perceived stress components, negative perceived stress could codified 34/8% of the intensity of the pain. Among the self-control components, prohibitive self-control could codify 28/3% of the variance of the intensity of the pain. Conclusion: As the result, it was indicated that in addition to effective role of these three components in predicting the pain, being mysterious and believing in permanency of the pain have more ability from conviction and perceiving the pain, perceived stress component and prohibitive self-control to identify the intensity of the pain in patients afflicted by Rheumatoid arthritis. hypotheses: Severity of pain based on self-control and its components in with rheumatoid be predicted.
Narrative Self-Constitution and Recovery from Addiction

Why do some addicted people chronically fail in their goal to recover, while others succeed? On one established view, recovery depends, in part, on efforts of intentional planning agency. This seems right, however, firsthand accounts of addiction suggest that the agent’s selfnarrative also has an influence. This paper presents arguments for the view that selfnarratives have independent, selffulfilling momentum that can support or undermine selfgovernance. The selfnarrative structures of addicted persons can entrench addiction and alienate the agent from practically feasible recovery plans. Strategic renarration can redirect narrative momentum and therefore support recovery in ways that intentional planning alone cannot.
LINKAGE OF FINITE GC -DIMENSION MODULES

Let R be a semiperfect commutative Noetherian ring and C a semidualizing R – module. We study the theory of linkage for modules of ﬁnite G C -dimension. For a horizontally linked R –module M of ﬁnite G C -dimension, the connection of the Serre condition ( S n ) with the vanishing of certain relative cohomology modules of its linked module is discussed.
Thermal Assessment of a Novel Combine Evaporative Cooling Wind Catcher

Wind catchers are one of the oldest cooling systems that are employed to provide sufficient natural ventilation in buildings. In this study, a laboratory scale wind catcher was equipped with a combined evaporative system. The designed assembly was comprised of a one-sided opening with an adjustable wetted pad unit and a wetted blades section. Theoretical analysis of the wind catcher was carried out and a set of experiments were organized to validate the results of the obtained models. The effect of wind speed, wind catcher height, and mode of the opening unit (open or closed) was investigated on temperature drop and velocity of the moving air through the wind catcher as well as provided sensible cooling load. The results showed that under windy conditions, inside air velocity was slightly higher when the pad was open. Vice versa, when the wind speed was zero, the closed pad resulted in an enhancement in air velocity inside the wind catcher. At wind catcher heights of 2.5 and 3.5 m and wind speeds of lower than 3 m/s, cooling loads have been approximately doubled by applying the closed-pad mode.
Single Mutations at Asn 295 and Leu 305 in the Cytoplasmic Half of TM7 of the AT 1 Receptor Induce Promiscuous Agonist Specificity for Angiotensin II Fragments – A PSEUDO-CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVITY

The most striking feature of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is its highly exclusive agonist specificity. This feature guarantees that a GPCR recognizes only its specific native agonist(s). Herein we show that two point mutations of N295S and L305Q enabled the AT 1 receptors to recognize multiple Ang II fragments. Similar to the well-established constitutively active AT 1 mutant receptor N111G, the mutations of N295S and L305Q induced an increased production of basal IP in the absence of exogenous Ang II when expressed in HEK293 cells. Distinct from the N111G, however, is the fact that the increased basal activity disappeared in COS-7 cells due to lack of endogenous Ang II fragments produced by the cells – a pseudo-constitutive activity. Surprisingly, the Ang II analog, [Sar 1 ,Ile 4 ,Ile 8 ]Ang II, and the native angiotensin II fragments Ang 1-7, Ang IV, and Ang 5-8 that are inactive in activating the wild-type receptor activated N295S and L305Q. Results generated by lowering the Na + concentration suggest that the mutant N295S and L305Q may be trapped in neutral conformational states ( R N ). These data have identified for the first time a novel pattern of GPCR mutations with a broad spectrum of agonist specificity, suggesting possible existence of functional GPCRs in nature that are activated through conformational “selection” rather than “induction” mechanisms.