Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correction of Acute Magnesium Deficiency in Oil Palm on a Sedentary Inland Soil in Indonesia

A 32 factorial fertiliser trial was established in a farmers cooperative on 10-year-old oil palm displaying symptoms of acute magnesium (Mg) deficiency. The main objective was to determine the optimum fertiliser dosage, frequency of fertiliser application and the time period required for complete correction of observed deficiency. Detailed two monthly marking of chlorotic palm fronds indicated that chlorosis due to Mg deficiency was irreversible. Application of kieserite did not result in "re-greening" or recovery. In most cases, chlorotic tissue continued to deteriorate over time and ultimately become necrotic. Mg deficient palms continue to display new symptoms even up to 36 months after Mg fertiliser application. However, a significant decline in the number of fronds per palm displaying new symptoms occurs as early as 6 months after treatment (MAT) and by 16 MAT, majority of fertilised palms exhibit only moderate to light symptoms of Mg deficiency. At 36 MAT, majority of symptoms were in the light category restricted to slight chlorosis of a few pinnae per frond. Correction of Mg deficiency is a slow process. A single round is ineffective, even when very high rates (up to 6.0 kg/palm) are applied. Multiple rounds are required for complete recovery and the process may take up to three years. In view of the high potassium (K) status of Mg deficient palms, it may be necessary to stop potassic (MOP) fertiliser inputs for one or two years to facilitate quicker recovery. Keywords: Kieserite, magnesium deficiency, oil palm.
Uncovering the candidate genes related to sheep body weight using multi-trait genome-wide association analysis

In sheep, body weight is an economically important trait. This study sought to map genetic loci related to weaning weight and yearling weight. To this end, a single-trait and multi-trait genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a high-density 600 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. The results showed that 43 and 56 SNPs were significantly associated with weaning weight and yearling weight, respectively. A region associated with both weaning and yearling traits (OARX: 6.74–7.04 Mb) was identified, suggesting that the same genes could play a role in regulating both these traits. This region was found to contain three genes (TBL1X, SHROOM2 and GPR143). The most significant SNP was Affx-281066395, located at 6.94 Mb (p = 1.70 × 10−17), corresponding to the SHROOM2 gene. We also identified 93 novel SNPs elated to sheep weight using multi-trait GWAS analysis. A new genomic region (OAR10: 76.04–77.23 Mb) with 22 significant SNPs were discovered. Combining transcriptomic data from multiple tissues and genomic data in sheep, we found the HINT1, ASB11 and GPR143 genes may involve in sheep body weight. So, multi-omic anlaysis is a valuable strategy identifying candidate genes related to body weight.
National HPV Vaccination Program in Poland—Public Awareness, Sources of Knowledge, and Willingness to Vaccinate Children against HPV

Since 1 June 2023, a nationwide HPV vaccination program was implemented in Poland. This study aimed to identify factors associated with public awareness of the national HPV vaccination program among adults in Poland and willingness to vaccinate children against HPV. This cross-sectional study was carried out between 14 and 17 July 2023 among 1056 adults in Poland. A self-prepared questionnaire was used. Among the respondents, 51.3% had heard about the free HPV vaccination program. The major source of knowledge on the national HPV vaccination program was TV (62%). Only 31.9% of respondents correctly indicated girls and boys aged 12 and 13 as the HPV-vaccination-eligible population. Willingness to vaccinate children against HPV was declared by 63.3% of respondents. Female gender (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.11–1.81; p < 0.01), age 35–64 years (p < 0.05), having higher education (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.11–1.84; p < 0.01), and living in cities with more than 500,000 residents (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.01–2.28; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with higher odds to hear about the national HPV vaccination program. Age 50 years and over (p < 0.05), having higher education (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.09–1.88; p < 0.05), living in cities with more than 500,000 residents (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.14–2.83; p < 0.05), and no children under 18 in the home (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.01–1.89; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with willingness to vaccinate children against HPV.
Influence of reef-associated predators on adjacent soft-sediment communities

In soft-sediment communities near to reefs a variety of patterns have been described with distance from the reef edge. Various studies have observed contrasting patterns and one study has reported different patterns for different size classes of macrofauna. This study in northeastern New Zealand obtained samples from 24 randomly allocated sites across three locations in a large-scale mensurative sampling design. At each location there was a manipulation of reef-associated predator populations provided by established marine reserves. A concurrent study using the same sites found large macrofauna (> 4 mm) to vary with distance from the reef and relative to predator density. The present study sampled small-bodied infauna ( 0.5 mm), which was also predicted to change with distance from the reef and predator density. In contrast to patterns found for larger fauna and to previous studies of small macrofauna, no consistent patterns were found for small-bodied infauna. These results suggest that models of community structure need to consider different size classes of macrofauna separately and that multiple sampling methods will assist their investigation. The ‘haloes’ in small-bodied macrofauna around reefs may not be as widespread or consistent as previous studies have suggested. This may be because the spatial extent of previous studies has been limited.
COMPARATIVE ACCOUNT OF PLANTS OF MIMOSACEAE WITH REFERENCE TO THE LEAF DIVERSITY

: Family Mimosaceae is an important family of order Fabales with twelve genera in the Nagpur district. Present study enumerated 12 genera and 25 species and 2 subspecies from Nagpur city. Out of all studied species, 40% members belong to genus Acacia. Leaves of Mimosaceae showed many distinct features. The comparative morphological study of leaves revealed that the number of pairs of pinnae and pinnules show major variation pattern. The pinnule apex, margin, shape, surface, stipules, petiole and the presence of glands on petiole and on rachis all vary from species to species. Bipinnately compound, hooked thorn or stipular spines, slender-pubescent petioles, acute or mucronate apex, linear-oblong shape, glabrous upper surface are some of the common characters reported. Whereas, adnate and intrapetiolar stipules, prickly and modified petioles, emarginate apex, entire-ciliate margin, elliptic oblong or obovate shape, glaucous and coriaceous surface etc. are not common.
Evaluation of Enterococcal Probiotic Usage and Review of Potential Health Benefits, Safety, and Risk of Antibiotic-Resistant Strain Emergence

Enterococci are often used in probiotics but can also cause nosocomial infections. As such, enterococcal consumption may have beneficial health effects, but a thorough evaluation of virulence absence and risk of antibiotic resistance spread is needed at the strain level. This article reviewed ten online health product shopping websites in the US. On these websites, 23 probiotic products using enterococci were found across 12 companies. In addition, this article reviewed studies that demonstrated the probiotic potential of enterococcal consumption (e.g., gastrointestinal and respiratory disease, hyperlipidemia alleviation, as well as infection prevention). To investigate the safety aspects of enterococci, the present work examined studies evaluating virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, this article assessed research that explored these virulent factors, specifically in probiotics containing enterococci, as well as the potential transfer mechanism of their antibiotic resistance. Based on reviewed data, enterococcal probiotic consumption has been proven beneficial for conditions or symptoms of multiple diseases without any apparent adverse effects. However, due to the plasmid- or transposon-mediated gene transfer ability of enterococci, surveillance monitoring and further studies regarding enterococcal consumption are warranted. Future studies that identify enterococcal strains safe to use in probiotics without virulence factors and antibiotic resistance are imperative for evidence-based decisions by health organizations and government agencies.
Three-dimensional critical points and flow patterns in pulmonary alveoli with rhythmic wall motion

The dynamics of airflow in the pulmonary acini are of broad interest in understanding respiratory diseases and the fate of inhaled particles. This study investigates the three-dimensional (3d) alveolar flows with rhythmic cavity wall motion, using a finite element method based computational fluid dynamics. This study reports the new research findings on the critical points and associated flow patterns. The locations of critical points are found based on the Brouwer degree theory and Broyden’s method. The phase portrait is used to evaluate the flow patterns around the critical points and the stability (repelling/attracting property) of the critical points on the symmetry plane of the alveolus. Based on the Poincare–Bendixson theorem, the closed orbits on the symmetry plane are found which have the capability to alter the spiral direction of the spiral streamlines. In the 3d space, the alveolar flow is symmetric about the geometric symmetry plane of the alveolus. Different types of 3d critical points, including saddle, spiral, and spiral saddle, are revealed. There are only one saddle point and at least one spiral point or spiral saddle in the alveolar flow. Spiral points and spiral saddles are located on the vortex core line and their number is dependent on the Reynolds number and varies with time. The study of critical points and their evolution helps us to understand the mechanism of irreversible transport of particle tracers from a new perspective.
Effect of irrigation timing on cotton yield and earliness.

State-average yields of irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for 1984 through 1998 averaged 838 lb lint/acre. While there has been a consistent increase above dryland yields during that period (average of 202 lb lint/acre), many producers believe that the variability in irrigated cotton yield is unacceptably high. Since stabilizing yields is often given as a principle reason for investing in irrigation, and 66% of the 1998 crop was irrigated, variability in irrigated yields is a major concern. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal initiation and termination timing for irrigation of cotton in Arkansas.
Efficiency Comparative Approach of Plant-Produced Monoclonal Antibodies against Rabies Virus Infection

Rabies encephalitis is a fatal zoonotic viral disease caused by the neurotropic rabies virus. It remains a major public health concern as it causes almost 100% fatality and has no effective medication after the onset of the disease. However, this illness is preventable with the timely administration of effective post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) consisting of the rabies vaccine and passive immune globulins (HRIG and ERIG). Recently, conventional PEP has been shown to have many limitations, resulting in little support for these expensive and heterologous globulins. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) production via recombinant technology in animal and human cell cultures, as well as a plant-based platform, was introduced to overcome the costly and high-tech constraints of former preparations. We used transient expression technology to produce two mAbs against the rabies virus in Nicotiana benthamiana and compared their viral neutralizing activity in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of selective mAbs E559 and 62-71-3 in plants were estimated to be 17.3 mg/kg and 28.6 mg/kg in fresh weight, respectively. The plant-produced mAbs effectively neutralized the challenge virus CVS-11 strain in a cell-based RFFIT. In addition, the combination of these two mAbs in a cocktail protected hamsters from rabies virus infection more effectively than standard HRIG and ERIG. This study suggests that the plant-produced rabies antibody cocktail has promising potential as an alternative biological to polyclonal RIG in rabies PEP.
Control of Red Alder by Cutting

Summary Effects of tree age, month of cut, and height and angle of cut on sprouting of red alder stumps were evaluated in a study designed to develop an effective method for controlling red alder in Douglas-fir plantations. Ninety-five percent or more of alder stumps cut in June or July died by the end of the next growing season; mortality was 88, 70, and 22 percent for stumps cut in May, August, and September, respectively. Stumps of 4-year-old alder trees tended to have higher survival and taller sprouts than did stumps of 6-to 1 0-year-old trees. Height and angle of cutting had little influ­ ence on sprouting. Red alder can be controlled effectively by using cutting guidelines developed from these results. to develop effective ·native for control, evaluated effects of tree month of cut, and height and angle of cut on of stumps developing cutting prescriptions to control alder Douglas-fir to effective 1989. Control of by Effects of tree age, month of cut, and height and angle of cut on sprouting of red alder stumps were evaluated in a study designed to develop an effective method for controlling red alder in Douglas-fir plantations. Ninety-five percent or more of alder stumps cut in June or July died by the end of the next growing season; mortality was 88, 70, and 22 percent for stumps cut in May, August, and Septem­ ber, respectively. Stumps of 4-year-old alder trees tended to have higher survival and taller sprouts than did stumps of 6-to 10-year-old trees. Height and angle of cutting had little influence on sprouting. Red alder can be controlled effectively by using cutting guidelines developed from these results.
Soil water flow and irrigated soil water balance in response to Powder River Basin coalbed methane product water

A repacked soil columns experiment and a series of computer soil water balance simulations were conducted to examine potential impacts of coalbed methane (CBM) water from Montana’s Powder River Basin (PRB) on soil water flow and water balance in PRB soils. CBM water is often high in sodium, which may separate soil clay particles, particularly after soil exposure to low-salinity rainfall or snowmelt, and when soils contain expansible smectite clay minerals. Aggregates in soils exposed to sodic water may swell and slake, and clays and other fine particles may disperse, clogging soil pores and slowing or preventing soil water flow. In the soil columns experiment, A and B horizon materials from sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam soils were pre-treated with water having salinity and sodicity typical of PRB CBM water or of Powder River (PR) water currently used for irrigation in the basin. Tension infiltrometer measurements were used to determine infiltration flux, first using pre-treatment water, and subsequently deionized (DI) water, simulating rainwater. Measurements were compared by pre-treatment water, horizon, and soil type. Under pre-treatment water testing, the sandy loam and clay loam soils pre-treated with CBM water exhibited smaller infiltration flux values than when pre-treated with PR water. Only the sandy loam soil showed a greater decrease in infiltration flux with DI water on soils pre-treated with CBM relative to PR water pre-treated soils. There was no difference in infiltration flux decrease with DI water between A and B horizon soils, or between smectite and non-smectite soils. The soil water balance numerical simulations modeled potential effects of sodic irrigation waters on sandy loam, silt loam, clay loam and silty clay PRB soils under sprinkler or flood irrigation, during one growing season. Baseline soil water retention functions were constructed for the five soils, and adjusted via trends identified in the literature to create five additional functions for each soil, simulating exposure to five increasingly sodic irrigation waters. Simulation results showed greater impact of sodic irrigation under flood than sprinkler irrigation. The fine sandy loam and silty clay loam soils exhibited the fewest changes in water balance partitioning, while the silt loam and silty clay soils showed the greatest changes, especially in increased runoff and reduced transpiration.
DEPOSITION OF SALTS FROM SEA WATER BY FRIGID CONCENTRATION

The order of formation of solid phases when sea water freezes has been investigated down to -40° C. About 80% of the water present in the original quantity of sea water is transformed into ice before the first salt crystallizes. Sodium sulfate decahydrate, the first salt formed, begins to separate at -8.2° C and the sulfate concentration in the brine decreases markedly. When the freezing point reaches -22.9° C, sodium chloride dihydrate precipitates in large quantities. The concentration of sodium in the brine decreases rapidly as the freezing point decreases below -22.9° C. There is a decrease in the concentrations of magnesium and potassium in the brine below -36.0° C when potassium chloride and magnesium chloride dodecahydrate precipitate. Thermal analyses indicate that calcium chloride hexahydrate begins to form at -54° C. The last of the brine probably solidifies at a temperature slightly below -54° C.
New insight on the enteric cholinergic innervation of the pig colon by central and peripheral nervous systems: reduction by repeated loperamide administration

Introduction The central and peripheral nervous systems provide cholinergic innervation in the colon. The ability to assess their neuroanatomical distinctions is still a challenge. The pig is regarded as a relevant translational model due to the close similarity of its enteric nervous system (ENS) with that of human. Opioid-induced constipation is one of the most common side effects of opioid therapy. Methods We developed an approach to differentiate the central and peripheral cholinergic innervation of the pig colon using double immunolabeling with a novel mouse anti-human peripheral type of choline acetyltransferase (hpChAT) antibody combined with a rabbit anti-common type of ChAT (cChAT) antibody, a reliable marker of cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system. We examined their spatial configurations in 3D images of the ENS generated from CLARITY-cleared colonic segments. The density was quantitated computationally using Imaris 9.7. We assessed changes in the distal colon induced by daily oral treatment for 4 weeks with the μ opioid receptor agonist, loperamide (0.4 or 3 mg/kg). Results The double labeling showed strong cChAT immunoreactive (ir) fibers in the cervical vagus nerve and neuronal somata and fibers in the ventral horn of the sacral (S2) cord while hpChAT immunoreactivity was visualized only in the ENS but not in the vagus or sacral neural structures indicating the selectivity of these two antibodies. In the colonic myenteric plexus, dense hpChAT-ir neurons and fibers and varicose cChAT-ir fibers surrounding hpChAT-ir neurons were simultaneously visualized in 3D. The density of cChAT-ir varicose fibers in the outer submucosal plexus of both males and females were higher in the transverse and distal colon than in the proximal colon and in the myenteric plexus compared to the outer submucosal plexus and there was no cChAT innervation in the inner submucosal plexus. The density of hpChAT in the ENS showed no segmental or plexus differences in both sexes. Loperamide at the highest dose significantly decreased the density hpChAT-ir fibers + somata in the myenteric plexus of the distal colon. Discussion These data showed the distinct density of central cholinergic innervation between myenteric and submucosal plexuses among colonic segments and the localization of cChAT-ir fibers around peripheral hpChAT neurons in 3D. The reduction of cholinergic myenteric innervation by chronic opiate treatment points to target altered prokinetic cholinergic pathway to counteract opiate constipation.
Preoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index is a Potential Biomarker in Adult Patients with High-Grade Gliomas Undergoing Radical Resection

Background Increasing evidence has highlighted that systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a recently developed prognostic biomarker that utilizes peripheral platelet, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, is associated with unfavorable prognosis in various tumors. Nevertheless, the prognostic significance of SII in high-grade gliomas patients undergoing radical resection remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the potential of SII as a prognostic biomarker in this patient population. Methods A total of 111 adult patients with high-grade gliomas who underwent radical resection were consecutively enrolled in this investigation. The study involved the categorization of patients into high and low SII groups using predetermined cut-off values. Subsequently, forward stepwise logistic regression was employed to identify autonomous predictors for early gliomas recurrence. To mitigate the impact of confounding factors, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed between high and low SII patients. Finally, the Kaplan-Meier approach was utilized to compare the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the two groups. Results The study involved the categorization of patients into two groups based on their SII levels, namely high SII (> 604.8) and low SII (≤ 604.8) groups. Forward stepwise logistic regression revealed that high SII (p < 0.001) and tumor size ≥ 50 mm (p < 0.001) were significantly related to early recurrence of gliomas. Furthermore, the results indicate that PFS and OS were significantly shorter in the high SII group compared to the low SII group, both before and after PSM (p < 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative biomarker SII can serve as a prognostic biomarker for early recurrence and prognosis in patients with high-grade gliomas undergoing radical resection. Furthermore, the combination of tumor size and SII demonstrates a robust predictive capacity for early recurrence and prognosis in this patient population.
The Influence of Cardiac Arrest Floor-Level Location within a Building on Survival Outcomes

This nationwide, population-based observational study investigated the association between the floor level of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence and survival outcomes in South Korea, notable for its significant high-rise apartment living. Data were collected retrospectively from OHCA patients through the South Korean Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Surveillance database. The study incorporated cases that included the OHCA’s building floor information. The primary outcome assessed was survival to discharge, analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, and the secondary outcome was favorable neurological outcome. Among 36,977 patients, a total of 29,729 patients were included, and 1680 patients were survivors. A weak yet significant correlation between floor level and hospital arrival time was observed. Interestingly, elevated survival rates were noted among patients from higher floors despite extended emergency medical service response times. Multivariate analysis identified age, witnessed OHCA, shockable rhythm, and prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) as primary determinants of survival to discharge. The floor level’s impact on survival was less substantial than anticipated, suggesting residential emergency response enhancements should prioritize witness interventions, shockable rhythm management, and prehospital ROSC rates. The study underscores the importance of bespoke emergency response strategies in high-rise buildings, particularly in urban areas, and the potential of digital technologies to optimize response times and survival outcomes.