Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small-scale, Community-Embedded Youth Justice Facilities: Lessons from Dutch Reforms and Recommendations for Cross-Jurisdictional Implementation

Youth justice settings should provide safe, therapeutic environments, tailored to young people's needs. Current custodial models rarely meet these aims, mainly because a focus on security tends to outweigh an emphasis on care, diminishing rather than encouraging young people's positive development. This article reports on a three-year evaluation of youth justice reforms in the Netherlands, including small-scale, community-embedded facilities with an emphasis on relational security. We outline key operational elements and conditions for implementation of these facilities to provide guidance for youth justice professionals, and for managers and policymakers seeking to promote political and financial investments in effective youth justice strategies.
Injection-Water Quality

Ideally, injection water should enter the reservoir free of suspended solids or oil. It should also be compatible with the reservoir rock and fluids and would be sterile and nonscaling. This paper discusses how the objective of any water-injection operation is to inject water into the reservoir rock without plugging or permeability reduction from particulates, dispersed oil, scale formation, bacterial growth, or clay swelling. In addition, souring of sweet reservoirs by sulfate-reducing bacteria should be prevented if possible.
Biomasa y valor nutritivo del pasto Guinea Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs. ‛Gamelote' en diferentes períodos del año en la zona de bosque húmedo tropical, Barlovento, estado Miranda

The test was conducted at the Experimental Station of Black River from the Universidad Nacional Experimental Simon Rodriguez, located in the town of Black River County Acevedo Miranda state area for a life of tropical rain forest. The floor is open texture, pH 6,0, low-N, P and K and high in Mg, with a rainfall of 2.450 mm and average annual temperature of 26,5 o C. With the aim of assessing the biomass and nutritional value of forage grass
A Multi-Faceted Exploration Incorporating Question Difficulty in Knowledge Tracing for English Proficiency Assessment

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to trace a learner’s understanding or achievement of knowledge based on learning history. The surge in online learning systems has intensified the necessity for automated measurement of students’ knowledge states. In particular, in the case of learning in the English proficiency assessment field, such as TOEIC, it is required to model the knowledge states by reflecting on the difficulty of questions. However, previous KT approaches often overly complexify their model structures solely to accommodate difficulty or consider it only for a secondary purpose such as data augmentation, hindering the adaptability of potent and general-purpose models such as Transformers to other cognitive components. Addressing this, we investigate the integration of question difficulty within KT with a potent general-purpose model for application in English proficiency assessment. We conducted empirical studies with three approaches to embed difficulty effectively: (i) reconstructing input features by incorporating difficulty, (ii) predicting difficulty with a multi-task learning objective, and (iii) enhancing the model’s output representations from (i) and (ii). Experiments validate that direct inclusion of difficulty in input features, paired with enriched output representations, consistently amplifies KT performance, underscoring the significance of holistic consideration of difficulty in the KT domain.
An Empirical Study on the Impacts of Quality Information and Competency of User on the Quality of Zakat Management Information System in Indonesia

The zakat management information system was built as a means of increasing the acceptance of zakat information delivery optimally. However, the implementation of zakat management information system requires support from the zakat institution itself, so that the institution can be used optimally. The purpose of this research was to examine the quality of management information system for Lembaga Zakat Indonesia (Indonesian zakat institution). The research method used was distributing questionnaires to respondents. The data collected were as many as 150 users of the zakat management information system at Lembaga Zakat Indonesia. The data were analyzed using the least squares structural equation modeling technique. The results of the study showed that the use of zakat management information system in zakat institution would ultimately improve the quality of zakat information itself. In implementing information system, zakat management requires support in the form of user competence, so that zakat management information system can be used optimally. The implication of these findings indicate that the use of zakat management information systems by zakat institutions will have an impact on the quality of information presented by zakat institution in management reporting, both from financial and non-financial reports.
Runoff and sediment generation on bench‐terraced hillsides: measurements and up‐scaling of a field‐based model

Despite widespread bench‐terracing, stream sediment yields from agricultural hillsides in upland West Java remain high. We studied the causes of this lack of effect by combining measurements at different spatial scales using an erosion process model. Event runoff and sediment yield from two 4‐ha terraced hillside subcatchments were measured and field surveys of land use, bench‐terrace geometry and storage of sediment in the drainage network were conducted for two consecutive years. Runoff was 3·0–3·9% of rainfall and sediment yield was 11–30 t ha−1 yr−1 for different years, subcatchments and calculation techniques. Sediment storage changes in the subcatchment drainage network were less than 2 t ha−1, whereas an additional 0·3–1·5 t ha−1 was stored in the gully between the subcatchment flumes and the main stream. This suggests mean annual sediment delivery ratios of 86–125%, or 80–104% if this additional storage is included. The Terrace Erosion and Sediment Transport (TEST) model developed and validated for the studied environment was parameterized using erosion plot studies, land use surveys and digital terrain analysis to simulate runoff and sediment generation on the terraced hillsides. This resulted in over‐estimates of runoff and under‐estimates of runoff sediment concentration. Relatively poor model performance was attributed to sample bias in the six erosion plots used for model calibration and unaccounted covariance between important terrain attributes such as slope, infiltration capacity, soil conservation works and vegetation cover. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
water flow in the Barbados Accretionary Complex

We present a simple analytic kinematic model of the Barbados accretionary complex assuming a porosity depth law and deformation by pure vertical shear. The model is applied to two sections, a northern one with a 900-m-thick basin sedimentary column near 16°N and a southern one with a 4.5-km-thick one to the south. This simple model is compatible with growth of the Barbados accretionary complex since 50 Ma assuming a constant subduction rate and a constant basin sedimentary column equal to the present one. This conclusion is not affected by reasonable changes in the porosity depth law. It suggests that the totality of the entering sedimentary column is either accreted or subcreted to the wedge. The accretion velocity decreases dramatically with age and its variation should be taken into account in any quantitative model. The average strain rates show remarkably different distributions between the two sections, the thinner wedge having a much higher rate in a narrow area at the toe. We then use the model to compute the sediment grains flow, the fluid flow, and their thermal effects. These effects are small and do not exceed 5% of the heat flow in the absence of other internal flows. In contrast the thermal effect of the burial of the slab can result in a lowering of the surface heat flow by as much as 40%. The temperature at the base of the wedge on its arc side is close to 300°C on the southern section and half that amount on the northern one. This high temperature could account for the absence of large earthquakes to the south and their presence to the north. The amount of water discharged, if collected by faults over the whole toe area, is unable to account for some of the manifestations observed over the toe or seaward of the toe in the Barbados area. We suggest two possible other sources. One, for the southern section, is the Orinoco fan area. The other, for the northern section, might be seismic pumping at the limit of the seismogenic zone, along the backthrusts between the accretionary wedge and the forearc basin.
World Journal of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a kind of typical metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Modern lifestyles and trends that promote overconsumption and unhealthy practices have contributed to an increase in the annual incidence of diabetic AS worldwide, which has created a heavy burden on society. Several studies have shown the significant effects of glycolysis-related changes on the occurrence and development of diabetic AS, which may serve as novel therapeutic targets for diabetic AS in the future. Glycolysis is an important metabolic pathway that generates energy in various cells of the blood vessel wall. In particular, it plays a vital role in the physiological and pathological activities of the three important cells, Endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. There are lots of similar mechanisms underlying diabetic and common AS, the former is more complex. In this article, we describe the role and mechanism underlying glycolysis in diabetic AS, as well as the therapeutic targets, such as trained immunity, microRNAs, gut microbiota, and associated drugs, with the aim to provide some new perspectives and potentially feasible programs for the treatment of diabetic AS in the foreseeable future.
Systematic literature review of Critical success factors on enterprise resource planning post implementation

Abstract Following the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, a myriad of challenges and issues may manifest, leading to inefficiencies and resistance from users, thereby impeding the anticipated benefits. While previous researchers have predominantly directed their attention toward the implementation phase, it is imperative to recognize the significance of the post-implementation phase in the ERP adoption process. This study aims to ascertain the critical success factors (CSFs) that contribute to the seamless integration of an ERP system into an organization’s operational processes post-implementation. To achieve this objective, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted between September and December 2022, employing the Kitchenham approach (2007) as the guiding methodology. The SLR was meticulously structured and comprised three principal phases: planning, execution, and reporting. After thoroughly assessing 26 articles from reputable sources, we successfully pinpointed 13 CSFs relevant to ERP post-implementation and grouped into the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. The three most pivotal CSFs emerged as continuous system integration, post-implementation training, and active user participation. Among these CSFs, a remarkable discovery surfaced, highlighting the predominance of environmental and organizational factors over technological ones. Consequently, this research offers both practical and theoretical implications for organizations, enabling them to proactively address potential challenges that may arise after ERP implementation.
Spatial relationships of sector‐specific fossil fuel CO2 emissions in the United States

Quantification of the spatial distribution of sector‐specific fossil fuel CO2 emissions provides strategic information to public and private decision makers on climate change mitigation options and can provide critical constraints to carbon budget studies being performed at the national to urban scales. This study analyzes the spatial distribution and spatial drivers of total and sectoral fossil fuel CO2 emissions at the state and county levels in the United States. The spatial patterns of absolute versus per capita fossil fuel CO2 emissions differ substantially and these differences are sector‐specific. Area‐based sources such as those in the residential and commercial sectors are driven by a combination of population and surface temperature with per capita emissions largest in the northern latitudes and continental interior. Emission sources associated with large individual manufacturing or electricity producing facilities are heterogeneously distributed in both absolute and per capita metrics. The relationship between surface temperature and sectoral emissions suggests that the increased electricity consumption due to space cooling requirements under a warmer climate may outweigh the savings generated by lessened space heating. Spatial cluster analysis of fossil fuel CO2 emissions confirms that counties with high (low) CO2 emissions tend to be clustered close to other counties with high (low) CO2 emissions and some of the spatial clustering extends to multistate spatial domains. This is particularly true for the residential and transportation sectors, suggesting that emissions mitigation policy might best be approached from the regional or multistate perspective. Our findings underscore the potential for geographically focused, sector‐specific emissions mitigation strategies and the importance of accurate spatial distribution of emitting sources when combined with atmospheric monitoring via aircraft, satellite and in situ measurements.
Role of Biomaterials in the Development of Epithelial Support in 3D In Vitro Airway Epithelium Development: A Systematic Review

Respiratory diseases have a major impact on global health. The airway epithelium, which acts as a frontline defence, is one of the most common targets for inhaled allergens, irritants, or micro-organisms to enter the respiratory system. In the tissue engineering field, biomaterials play a crucial role. Due to the continuing high impact of respiratory diseases on society and the emergence of new respiratory viruses, in vitro airway epithelial models with high microphysiological similarities that are also easily adjustable to replicate disease models are urgently needed to better understand those diseases. Thus, the development of biomaterial scaffolds for the airway epithelium is important due to their function as a cell-support device in which cells are seeded in vitro and then are encouraged to lay down a matrix to form the foundations of a tissue for transplantation. Studies conducted in in vitro models are necessary because they accelerate the development of new treatments. Moreover, in comparatively controlled conditions, in vitro models allow for the stimulation of complex interactions between cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. Based on recent studies, the biomaterial scaffolds that have been tested in in vitro models appear to be viable options for repairing the airway epithelium and avoiding any complications. This review discusses the role of biomaterial scaffolds in in vitro airway epithelium models. The effects of scaffold, physicochemical, and mechanical properties in recent studies were also discussed.
Searching for Intrinsic Causality between Colonic Dysbiosis and Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Mendelian Randomization-Based Analysis

Abstract Objective: Little is known about gut microbiota (GM) and cardiomyopathy. Their causal relationship was explored using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) performed by R software. Methods: The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were further screened based on the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of gut microbiota and cardiomyopathy obtained from an open database. TSMR was performed using an MR-Egger regression, simple estimator based on mode, weighted median method, inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted estimator and CML-MA-BIC to explore the causal association. And the sensitivity analysis was carried out using an MR-Egger regression and the leave-one-out sensitivity test. Results: As for 211 GM taxa, IVW results confirmed that the class Actinobacteria (OR = 0.81, p = 0.021) and genus Coprobacter (OR = 0.85, p = 0.033) were protective factors for cardiomyopathy. The phylum Firmicutes (OR = 0.87, p < 0.01), family Acidaminococcaceae (OR = 0.89, p < 0.01), genus Desulfovibrio (OR = 0.92, p = 0.030) and genus Prevotella9 (OR = 0.93, p = 0.029) were protective factors for ischemic cardiomyopathy. The family Rhodospirillaceae (OR = 1.06, p = 0.036) and genus Turicibacter (OR = 1.09, p = 0.019) were risk factors for ischemic cardiomyopathy. The genus Olsenella (OR = 0.91, p = 0.032) was a protective factor for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. The order Rhodospirillales (OR = 1.14, p = 0.024), family Rikenellaceae (OR = 1.21, p = 0.012) and genus Gordonibacter (OR = 1.12, p = 0.019) were risk factors for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. The robustness of MR results was reflected in the heterogeneity (p > 0.05) and pleiotropy (p > 0.05) analyses. Conclusions: A potential causal relationship of cardiomyopathy with some GM taxa has been confirmed in the current study.
Magnetic dipole anomalies as indicators of mantle wedge serpentinization

Fine‐scale magnetic anomaly data based on high‐density airborne surveys have revealed several dipole anomalies along the Chichibu Zone (CZ), which lies parallel to the Nankai Trough and forms a part of the accretionary complex of southwest Japan. A plausible explanation of magnetic sources for the anomalies is a series of fossil serpentine diapirs involved during the accretion process. Serpentine diapirs are known to be developed in several forearc regions as mantle wedge serpentinized material associated with dehydration of the subducting oceanic slab. Surface geological and paleomagnetic evidence also suggests the existence of serpentine bodies in the CZ. We applied a magnetic inversion to each of the dipole anomalies and determined the magnetic bodies in a triaxial ellipsoid approximation. Magnetic bodies are interpreted to lie nearly parallel to the CZ and are inclined southward. Intensities of magnetization are compatible with those expected by measured susceptibilities of samples in the subareal CZ, and their directions are roughly the same as the current geomagnetic field, implying that the induced magnetization is dominant rather than the remanent component.
Meridional distributions of aerosol particle number concentrations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere obtained by Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) flights

[1] Number concentrations of submicrometer aerosol particles at altitudes of 8.5–11.3 km were measured along a single flight route between Germany (∼50°N, ∼10°E) and the Indic (∼5°N, ∼80°E) over 3 years using a commercial aircraft platform (project Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC)). During 41 intercontinental flights (∼380 flight hours), more than one million individual particle concentration measurements were made, yielding a comprehensive and unique aerosol data set. Using these data, the first meridional and seasonal probability distributions for ultrafine particles and for Aitken mode plus accumulation mode particles in the upper troposphere (UT) and lower stratosphere (LS) were derived. High particle number concentrations were observed in summer at tropical latitudes over the Arabian Sea and at midlatitudes over Europe, in contrast to lower values in the subtropics over the Middle East. This distribution primarily reflects the vertical transport pattern of the atmosphere. In winter, number concentrations were generally lower. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) was identified as a region of pronounced particle formation, but particle nucleation also occurred in the upper troposphere at midlatitudes. At tropical latitudes, convective transport and photochemistry appear to be the main driving forces for particle formation in the free troposphere. Consistent with these observations, integral length scales calculated from the aerosol data ranged from 6 to 12 km. Compared to particle concentrations in the midlatitudinal upper troposphere, those in the lowermost stratosphere were lower in winter, but equal or higher in summer. This seasonality is likely caused by stronger in-mixing of upper tropospheric air in summer.
A computer-interfaced sedigraph for modal size analysis of fine-grained sediment

A system has been developed allowing the direct storage on disc of size data from the X-ray scanning settling tube SediGraph 5000ET. Processing of the cumulative percentage data output to produce smooth frequency curves is described. This allows rapid (15 min) and precise (±M 0.1o) discrimination of size modes, peak heights, median and silt and clay percentages of fine-grained sediments. An example of a mud turbidite is given showing systematic changes in bulk and modal properties, not visible by eye. Lack of size segregation in the > 1 m thickness of this turbidite shows that it may have been deposited from a highly concentrated flow, rather than from a dilute, waning turbidity current. Such flows may explain ungraded/poorly graded, muddy sediments also known as homogenites, unifites or megaturbidites by other authors.