Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calibration and Evaluation of a Frequency Domain Reflectometry Sensor for Real‐Time Soil Moisture Monitoring

Soil spatial heterogeneity poses a challenge to accurate soil moisture determination. Remote sensing, in particular, using sensors that acquire data at microwave frequencies, is being used to overcome this challenge. In situ soil moisture monitoring can be used to validate remotely sensed surface soil moisture estimates and as inputs for agronomic and hydrologic models. Nine in situ soil moisture stations were established in Manitoba (Canada) and instrumented with Stevens Hydra Probes. The sensors were installed in triplicate with vertical orientation at the surface and with horizontal orientation at the 5‐, 20‐, 50‐, and 100‐cm depths. To ensure accuracy of the measured soil moisture, both laboratory and field calibrations were conducted. These calibrated soil moisture values were compared with the probe default values and those generated using published calibrations. Overall, the results showed that the field calibration was superior (coefficient of determination r2 of 0.95) to the laboratory calibration (r2 of 0.89). In addition, coarse‐textured sites generally performed better than the fine‐textured, high cation exchange capacity (CEC) sites. At the Kelburn site with high clay and CEC, the use of field calibration reduced the root mean square error from 0.188 to 0.026 m3 m−3. However, at the low clay and CEC Treherne site, gains in accuracy were minimal, about 0.005 m3 m−3. The laboratory calibration consistently underestimated soil moisture at all the evaluation sites, whereas both Topp and Logsdon calibrations overestimated soil moisture.
CLIMATE CHANGE TREND AND APPROPRIATE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA

This study analysed climate change trend and the appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies in Southeast Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 312 cassava based food crop farmers whose responses formed part of the data for this study. Secondary time series data on climate variables were collected from National Root Crop Research Institute Umudike, an agro-metrological station found within the study location. Data were analysed using appropriate descriptive statistical tools like mean, frequencies, percentages and frequency polygon/line graphs. Result showed that temperature and rainfall which are the two most significant climate elements that affect food crop production in Nigeria, exhibited increasing trend. It was found also that adaptation strategies that were more appropriate to farmers in the study area were late commencement of planting, use of fertilizers, choice of cropping systems, breakage of daily work schedule and planting of cover crops among others. It was concluded that the climate system is indeed adversely changing and hence concerted effort/sacrifice should be made by government, individual households and private investors towards supporting environmentally sustainable production activities and capacity building to alleviate the farmers’ adaptation and resilience to climate change.
Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2003

TITLE Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 2003. Sixth Edition. INSTITUTION National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC. ; Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 2003-10-00 NOTE 178p. AVAILABLE FROM ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-4337872 (Toll Free). For full text: http://nces.ed.gov. PUB TYPE Numerical/Quantitative Data (110) Reports Research (143) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC08 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Crime; Educational Environment; *School Safety
Cenozoic relief evolution of the Eastern Alps - con- straints from apatite fission track age-provenance of Neogene intramontane sediments

Fission track (FT) ages of detrital apatites from Middle Miocene sandstones of the intramontane basins of the Eastern Alps register the surface distribution of FT ages of the Alps in its former stage of evolution. We have used the apatite detrital thermochronology method to describe the significance and distribution of Cenozoic exhumation phases of the eastern part of the Eastern Alps. Additionally we have completed the knowledge on the provenance indicators of the Neogene basin remnants of the Eastern Alps and integrated these sedimentological features in the interpretation of the apatite FT age distributions. According to the fission track age spectra of the detrital apatites, three age terrains can be characterized for the Middle Miocene: (1) a northern and central source area with Cretaceous, Paleocene and Eocene apatite FT ages, (2) a region along the southern margin of the Eastern Alps, dominated by Oligocene FT ages, and (3) a small source area of Miocene ages in the rapidly exhuming Pohorje (Bacher) mountains. On the basis of pebble lithologies, transport indicators and facies data, we propose a reconstruction on the sediment transport and burial pattern for the study area in Middle Miocene time. During the Early-Middle Miocene basin formation period sediments covered the Eastern Alps between the Tauern Window and the Pannonian basin more widely than preserved today. The dewatering trend was usually from west to east and we suppose that the major belts of sediment remnants (Ennstal, Noric depression and Drau valley) indicate the valleys of three major rivers during Middle Miocene: Paleo-Enns, Paleo-Mur-Murz and Paleo-Drau. Their positions were more-or-less similar to the present situation of the rivers. We consider the valley fillings of these paleo-rivers as the western continuation of the Pannonian/Styrian basin system. The exhumation of the metamorphic basement and relief building in the Eastern Alps east of the Tauern Window occurred in five distinct cycles in Late Cretaceous, Middle Eocene, Oligocene, Early to Middle Miocene and Pliocene times. Between these periods slow or even stagnating vertical movements allowed relief destruction, planation and sedimentation. The post-Gosau compressional event generated exhumation in the Middle Eocene. From this event on, the surface of the metamorphic areas was dominated by Eocene apatite FT ages as recorded in detrital apatites in Neogene sandstones. The vertical offsets during post-Oligocene exhumation phases were limited and Eocene apatite FT ages are still preserved at the summits and in elevated paleosurface remnants of the metamorphic blocks east of the Tauern Window.
Library Support Staff and Technology: Perceptions and Opinions

A GREAT DEAL OF THOUGHT and concern has been expended on the impact of technology on libraries and on the individuals who work there. This becomes clear through any extensive review of the literature. Some very fine minds within the professional library community have produced an impressive body of research and writing. However, it is also evident that the equally fine minds of the support staff in libraries have been so busy dealing with the assimilation process, operational problems, and adjustments needed during the technology-acquisition period, that their ideas and analyses of the situation have not had the audience they deserve. Paraprofessional and clerical employees comprise the bulk of
Predictability of atmospheric flow at synoptic scales :influence of moisture and non-linear processes

This work aims at explaining the importance of moisture and nonlinear processes for the predictability of baroclinic systems. In order to study nonlinear growth of errors, the Nonlinear Singular Vectors technique (NLSV) is introduced: these are the most rapidly amplifying perturbations on the lead time of the forecast. The first part of this work studies the physical properties of NLSV s in atmospheric models with different levels of realism. The importance of nonlinear interactions between the mean flow and the perturbation is highlighted. Then the impact of precipitation on the structure and amplification of optimal perturbations is studied in a GCM. ln the last section, a novel nonlinear method for investigating the sensitivity of error growth to the moisture of the basic state is introduced and shows a negative impact of moisture on predictability .
Effect of soil temperature on rooting and early establishment of balsam poplar cuttings

Low soil temperatures are the primary limiting factor when using non rooted balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) stem cuttings for reforestation of highly productive, nutrient rich, cold, wet boreal sites that have severe grass competition problems. This study investigated the effect of soil temperature on the establishment and early growth of dormant balsam poplar hardwood stem cuttings. During a 6-wk experimental period, nonrooted cuttings were subjected to 3 soil temperatures-5, 15, and 25 °C (41, 59, and 77 °F). The soil temperatures were maintained by submerging water-tight pots into temperature controlled water baths. Cuttings exposed to a soil temperature of 5 °C did not produce any roots by the end of the 6-wk experiment. At 5 °C, cuttings had 80% survival and less top growth compared to cuttings grown at soil temperatures of 15 and 25 °C. At 15 and 25 °C, survival was 100%, and all cuttings produced roots. The cuttings grown at 25 °C had the highest biomass of aboveground and belowground plant components. The strong sensitivity of root development in dormant stem cuttings of balsam poplar to low soil temperatures will have a large impact on the use o f nonrooted cuttings for reforestation on cool, wet sites. Tree Planters' Notes 50(1): 34-37; 2003. Valley-bottoms, floodplains, and seepage slopes are some of
Radiocarbon Calibration and Analysis of Stratigraphy: The OxCal Program

People usually study the chronologies of archaeological sites and geological sequences using many different kinds of evidence, taking into account calibrated radiocarbon dates, other dating methods and stratigraphic information. Many individual case studies demonstrate the value of using statistical methods to combine these different types of information. I have developed a computer program, OxCal, running under Windows 3.1 (for IBM PCs), that will perform both 14C calibration and calculate what extra information can be gained from stratigraphic evidence. The program can perform automatic wiggle matches and calculate probability distributions for samples in sequences and phases. The program is written in C++ and uses Bayesian statistics and Gibbs sampling for the calculations. The program is very easy to use, both for simple calibration and complex site analysis, and will produce graphical output from virtually any printer.
Sequence stratigraphic responses to shoreline-perpendicular growth faulting in shallow marine reservoirs of the Champion field, offshore Brunei Darussalam, South China Sea

The Champion field, offshore Brunei Darussalam, comprises a thick middle-upper Miocene succession of shallow marine sediments associated with major growth fault systems and deposited as part of the paleo-Baram delta. The structural evolution of the Champion field has resulted in an unusual situation where growth faults strike perpendicular to the paleoshoreline orientation. Shoreface parasequences and tidal-estuarine complexes are mapped directly from three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data calibrated from wells. The seismic interpretations provide chronostratigraphic correlations that are more robust than some well-based markers because the seismic interpretations have better spatial coverage. Depositional responses to growth faulting are defined by two end-member models, (1) layer thickening and (2) addition of layers in the hanging wall. Layer addition makes correlation across faults problematical. Growth may be accommodated by either or a combination of these processes, and areas of layer addition are related to transgressive events in the hanging wall. Topographic changes thought to be associated with fault movements may fundamentally change shoreline type, sand body orientations, and petrophysical properties for discrete periods of time. These stratigraphic complexities are linked spatiotemporally to accommodation history but cannot be adequately predicted from well data alone.
A STUDY ON STATUS OF EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN JAMNAGAR DISTRICT

Background: Empowerment of women is important for decision making in relation to health seeking, family planning, nutrition and economic issues, for her as well as for the family. Aim: To assess the level of empowerment of women in Jamnagar district. Settings and design: A cross sectional study was designed in rural and urban areas of Jamnagar district. Material and methods: An open-ended questionnaire was used for data collection on parameters relating to women empowerment through house-to-house survey. Statistical analysis: Chi-square was used. Results: Mean age of participants was 30.74 ± 7.65 years, 14.77% were illiterate, majority of women were housewives, 28.86% were not involved in decision regarding their marriage and 14.09% were not involved in household decisions. About quarter had no say in financial matters of family and 57% didn’t hold any bank account. The condition was worse for rural and urban slum women. 21% of the women had experienced some kind of domestic violence, which was higher in case of urban women. About one fifth of the women had no role in decisions related to reproductive health viz; spacing and of number of children, methods of family planning. Conclusion: one fifth of the women had no say regarding the reproductive issues and similarly a quarter had no participation in financial decisions. One in every five (21.47%) had faced domestic violence in some form. Education, employment had a positive impact on status of women in relation to empowerment.
Growth and Ownership : Evidence from Foreign Manufacturing Affiliates in Japan

Using panel data on 500 foreign manufacturing affiliates in Japan over the period 1991-2000, fixed effect estimates indicate that partnership with a local firm increases the growthpotential of foreign firms but is less beneficial for larger and older foreign affiliates. Also, itis found that size and age have significant effects on foreign affiliate growth asdemonstrated in previous studies on domestic firms.Hence, the size, age, and ownershipstructure of foreign affiliates appear to be important considerations in determining long-term growth potential from a policy perspective.
Beyond Blame: Challenging the Myths and Inequities That Compromise Academic Mothers’ Success

The hardships encountered by mothers in academe are compounded by certain culturalmyths that define the social perception of women’s roles in the realms of both maternalpractice and academic work. Such myths enable inequity and allow institutions toremain ignorant regarding their responsibility for the reproduction of such inequities.Indeed, prejudice regarding mothers’ perceived level of professional dedication andproductivity is particularly difficult to eradicate, as are misconceptions surroundingissues of freedom and responsibility related to women’s reproductive choices. As aresult, a culture of mother blame has flourished that encourages women to admonishthemselves for inadequacies related to both maternal practice and academic work.Through personal narrative and recourse to Anne-Marie Slaughter’s controversialessay, “Why Women Still Can’t Have it All,” this article examines the myths informingsocial understandings of academic motherhood; challenges the meanings that are madeand perpetuated by these misconceptions, which ultimately define academic mothers’experiences; and, strategizes possible solutions to women’s struggle to reconcile theirlives as mothers with their work as academics by positing, in particular, the valueand applicability of maternal intelligences, such as empathy and innovation, beyondthe domestic sphere. Ultimately, this article considers maternal ways of knowing asa site of wisdom and experiential knowledge that transcends prescriptive notions ofacademic productivity and attempts to heal the disjunction between women’s maternaland academic labours by affirming the connection between who they are and what theydo. Finally, by sharing the story of my own journey to a sustainable and expandeddefinition of academic motherhood, I hope to inspire others to share their stories and,thereby, encourage constructive dialogue as well as social and institutional reform.
Tectonic influence on sedimentation along the southern flank of the late Paleozoic Magdalen basin in the Canadian Appalachians: Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the Horton Group in the St. Marys basin, Nova Scotia

The Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous St. Marys basin in mainland Nova Scotia, Canada, consists of Horton Group intracontinental clastic rocks that were deposited along the Avalon-Meguma terrane boundary during the waning stages of the Acadian orogeny and prior to terminal collision in the Appalachian orogen. These rocks represent the earliest stages of deposition along the southern flank of the composite Magdalen basin (Late Devonian to Permian) that extends over much of Maritime Canada and oversteps terrane boundaries in the Canadian Appalachians. As such, the Horton Group represents deposition in an episutural basin. The Horton Group in the St. Marys basin predominantly consists of 3000–4000 m of clastic sedimentary rocks deposited in fluviatile and lacustrine nearshore environments. Geochemical analyses of clastic rocks reveal a range of SiO2 content (60–94 wt%), high total rare earth elements and initial 87Sr/86Sr, and strongly negative ϵNd(t) (t = 360 Ma). The signature of the passive margin to active continental margin implied by standard discrimination diagrams probably is inherited largely from rocks in the source region and is not an indication of the setting in which the basin formed. Although the data indicate that some lithologies contain a minor Avalonian basement component, the geochemical and isotopic signatures of the sedimentary rocks reveal mixed sources that can be attributed largely to uplift and erosion of Meguma terrane metasedimentary and granitoid rocks immediately to the south of the St. Marys basin. Regional syntheses indicate that this uplift occurred before and during Horton Group deposition and was coeval with dextral ramping of the Meguma terrane over the Avalon terrane along the southern flank of the Magdalen basin.
On the fossil alga Marinella lugeoni Pfender, 1939, nom. cons., and its seven unfortunate avatars. Revision of the Juliette Pfender Collection. Part 2. Revision of the Jesse Harlan Johnson Collection. Part 2

A review of eight lookalike fossil species led to their being synonymized. Although Marinella lugeoni Pfender, 1939, is not the senior synonym, it is proposed to ascribe it the status of a "nomen conservandum". The age of its type-locality in Spain is Late Jurassic, not Early Jurassic. We also document small Marinella lumps found in Albian-Cenomanian strata of Brazil.
JPET #78733 1 Attenuation of behavioral effects of cocaine by the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine in squirrel monkeys: Comparison with dizocilpine

Growing evidence suggests a role for metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the behavioral effects of cocaine related to its abuse. The mGluR5 subtype, in particular, has come under scrutiny due to its distribution in brain regions associated with drug addiction. This study investigated interactions between the selective mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) and cocaine in squirrel monkeys whose lever-pressing behavior was: 1) maintained under a second-order schedule of cocaine self-administration, 2) extinguished and then reinstated by cocaine priming, and 3) controlled by the discriminative stimulus (DS) effects of cocaine. Additional studies determined the effects of MPEP on unconditioned behaviors, coordination and muscle resistance. In each experiment, the effects of MPEP were compared with those of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist dizocilpine. MPEP attenuated cocaine self-administration, cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking, and the DS effects of cocaine at doses that did not markedly impair motor function or operant behavior in the context of drug discrimination. Dizocilpine also attenuated cocaine self-administration, but did not significantly alter cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking, and it enhanced rather than attenuated the DS effects of cocaine. The findings point to a significant contribution of mGluR5 mechanisms in the behavioral effects of cocaine related to its abuse and suggest that MPEP has properties of a functional cocaine antagonist, which are not secondary to antagonism at NMDA receptors. The contrasting interactions of MPEP and dizocilpine with cocaine imply that glutamate acting through different metabotropic and ionotropic receptors may modulate the behavioral effects of cocaine in qualitatively different ways. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. JPET Fast Forward. Published on November 18, 2004 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104. 078733 at A PE T Jornals on A uust 8, 2017 jpet.asjournals. org D ow nladed from
Description of a New Species of Cryptocentrus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Northern Australia, with Comments on the Genus

A new species of Cryptocentrus is described from northern Australia. The species is distinctive in having an orbital tentacle, sensory papillae on ridged flaps on the head, transverse rows of preopercular mandibular sensory papillae, scales on the cheek, and 11 + 15 vertebrae. Species of Cryptocentrus normally have 10 + 16 vertebrae. The species occurs on silty sand substrates and is commonly trawled. Discussion on the species and species-groups in the genus Cryptocentrus is provided.
Can short-rotation coppice strips compensate structural deficits in agrarian landscapes?

Summary We investigated the habitat effects of short-rotation coppice strips (SRCs) on plant, arthropod and bird communities to determine the role of SRCs in a landscape context. The habitat effects of SRCs were compared to various agrarian and semi-natural reference biotopes to analyse the added value provided by SRCs within the landscape. We compared the habitat quality of SRCs with that of agricultural land and analysed the interactions between SRCs and adjacent cultivated land to assess the potential of SRCs to improve habitat availability in agricultural landscapes. We also investigated the effects of fuelwood strips on nature-conservation targets and their contributions to habitat connectivity and ecosystem services. We found that SRCs exhibited certain unique habitat conditions that distinguished their biotic communities from those of all other biotopes within the agrarian landscape. The crop stand architecture was highly dynamic, making the SRCs suitable for a mixture of species typical of agricultural fields or grasslands, hedgerows, ruderal plots and forests and resulting in high species richness. With increasing shading by trees, the densities of forest arthropods and bird species that require wood structures increased. Herbaceous ground vegetation developed toward the grassland or field margin vegetation, a vegetation type which is really scarce in many agricultural landscapes in Germany. We conclude that short-rotation coppice strips contribute little to traditional conservation targets, such as rare-species conservation, but they have substantial effects on habitat connectivity and ecosystem services.