Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Geology and Archaeology of the Ancient Silicified Sandstone Quarries at Gebel Gulab and Gebel Tingar

The ancient silicified sandstone quarries of Gebel Gulab and Gebel Tingar, covering an area of 12 km² on the west bank of the Nile at Aswan, were one of the major sources of this type of stone, which was used for elite and utilitarian products in antiquity. A systematic geological and archaeological survey of the quarries concluded that the quarries were mainly exploited for utilitarian objects during the Pharaonic Period (New Kingdom) and to a lesser extent for elite status objects such as obelisks, statues and stelae. Previously undocumented obelisk extraction sites were recorded, as well as occurrences of hieroglyphs and rock art dating from the Predynastic. An examination of the extraction sites indicates an overwhelming use of fire-setting to extract the stone during the Pharaonic Period and to a lesser extent the wedging technique applicable to the Roman Period exploitation. The networks of quarry roads, mainly Pharaonic in age, indicate highly organised means to transport large objects from the quarries to the Nile. Small clusters of temporary shelters and minimal ceramic data imply that the labour force was relatively small and not permanently resident in the quarries.
Economics of Forest Resources

The field of forest economics has expanded rapidly in the last two decades, and yet there exists no up-to-date textbook for advanced undergraduate-graduate level use or rigorous reference work for professionals. Economics of Forest Resources fills these gaps, offering a comprehensive technical survey of the field with special attention to recent developments regarding policy instrument choice and uncertainty. It covers all areas in which mathematical models have been used to explain forest owner and user incentives and government behavior, introducing the reader to the rigor needed to think through the consequences of policy instruments. Technically difficult concepts are presented with a unified and progressive approach; an appendix outlines the basic concepts from calculus needed to understand the models and results developed. The book first presents the historical and classic models that every student or researcher in forest economics must know, including Faustmann and Hartman approaches, public goods, spatial interdependence, two period life-cycle models, and overlapping generations problems. It then discusses topics including policy instrument choice, deforestation, biodiversity conservation, and age class based forest modeling. Finally, it surveys such advanced topics as uncertainty in two-period models, catastrophic risk, stochastic control problems, deterministic optimal control, and stochastic and deterministic dynamic programming approaches. Boxes with empirical content illustrating applications of the theoretical material appear throughout. Each chapter is self-contained, allowing the reader, student, or instructor to use the text according to individual needs.
Height Loss Is an Independent Predictor of Fracture Incidence in Postmenopausal Women: The Results from the Gliwice Osteoporosis Study (GO Study)

Background. The aim of a longitudinal, retrospective study was to establish variables predicting fracture incidence over a decade. Methods. The study sample comprises a group of 457 postmenopausal women aged over 55 years, recruited from the database of an outpatient osteoporotic clinic. Several variables with potential influence on bone status, including the measurement of body height and hip bone densitometry, were collected. BMD at the femoral neck (FN BMD) was established using a Prodigy device (Lunar, GE, USA). Current body height was compared with the maximal historical body height in early adulthood, as reported by the patient. Results. Three hundred and ninety-four women did not have fractures during the follow up, and 63 subjects presented fractures. Subjects with fracture had lower FN BMD with a T-score of −1.86 ± 1.04 compared to −1.44 ± 0.89 in those without fractures (p < 0.001). Mean height loss (HL) was 3.47 ± 2.11 cm in fractured subjects and 2.50 ± 2.47 cm in unfractured ones, and differed significantly, p < 0.01. Fracture incidence was significantly related to age, rheumatoid arthritis, falls, and previous fractures. In the multivariable analysis using logistic regression, FN BMD, baseline fracture, and HL were identified as the significant predictors of fractures of follow up. Conclusions. Osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women were predicted by FN BMD, prior fracture(s), and HL easily established during physical examination.
Processing and Bread-Making Quality Profile of Spanish Spelt Wheat

Spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta Thell.) is an ancient wheat that has been widely cultivated for hundreds of years. Recently, this species has been neglected in most of Europe; however, the desire for more natural and traditional foods has driven a revival of the crop. In the current study, eighty-eight traditional spelt genotypes from Spain, together with nine common wheat cultivars and one modern spelt (cv. Anna Maria) were grown during a period of two years in Andalucia (southern Spain). In each, several traits were measured in to evaluate their milling, processing, and end-use quality (bread-making). The comparison between species suggested that, in general, spelt and common wheat showed differences for most of the measured traits; on average, spelt genotypes had softer grains, higher protein content (14.3 vs. 11.9%) and gluten extensibility (alveograph P/L 0.5 vs. 1.8), and lower gluten strength (alveograph W 187 vs. 438 × 10−4 J). In the baking test, both species showed similar values. Nevertheless, the analysis of this set of spelt genotypes showed a wide range for all measured traits, with higher values than common wheat in some spelt genotypes for some traits. This opens up the possibility of using these materials in future breeding programs, to develop either new spelt or common wheat cultivars.
Class I and II NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases exhibit different roles in triterpenoid biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are enzymes that play critical roles in the structural diversification of triterpenoids. To perform site-specific oxidations of the triterpene scaffold, CYPs require electrons transferred by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), which is classified into two main classes, class I and class II, based on their structural difference. Lotus japonicus is a triterpenoids-producing model legume with one CPR class I gene (LjCPR1) and a minimum of two CPR class II genes (LjCPR2-1 and LjCPR2-2). CPR classes I and II from different plants have been reported to be involved in different metabolic pathways. By performing gene expression analyses of L. japonicus hairy root culture treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), this study revealed that LjCPR1, CYP716A51, and LUS were down-regulated which resulted in no change in betulinic acid and lupeol content. In contrast, LjCPR2s, bAS, CYP93E1, and CYP72A61 were significantly upregulated by MeJA treatment, followed by a significant increase of the precursors for soyasaponins, i.e. β-amyrin, 24-OH β-amyrin, and sophoradiol content. Triterpenoids profile analysis of LORE1 insertion and hairy root mutants showed that the loss of the Ljcpr2-1 gene significantly reduced soyasaponins precursors but not in Ljcpr1 mutants. However, Ljcpr1 and Ljcpr2-1 mutants showed a significant reduction in lupeol and oleanolic, ursolic, and betulinic acid contents. Furthermore, LjCPR1, but not LjCPR2, was crucial for seed development, supporting the previous notion that CPR class I might support plant basal metabolism. This study suggests that CPR classes I and II play different roles in L. japonicus triterpenoid biosynthesis.
Relationship Between Maternal Fear and Anxiety About COVID-19 and Maternal Role Attainment in Mothers of Preterm Neonates

Background: Mothers of preterm neonates are more concerned about their babies’ health than other mothers, which causes them to be worried and anxious. Meanwhile, the possibility of catching COVID-19 may increase their worries and anxiety and negatively affect their parenting roles. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal fear and anxiety about COVID-19 and maternal role attainment in Iranian mothers with preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted from June to July 2021 in 3 level-III NICUs in Tehran, Iran. The study samples were 211 mothers of preterm neonates who were recruited by convenience sampling. The study data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Coronavirus anxiety scale, the fear of COVID-19 scale, and the maternal role adaptation scale in NICUs. The obtained data were analyzed utilizing the independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS software, version 23. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean scores of anxiety, fear, and maternal role attainment were 11.44±3.19, 26.49±5.92, and 57.61±11.95, respectively. There were weak, positive, and significant relationships between anxiety and fear (r=0.385, P<0.001), anxiety and maternal role attainment (r=0.213, P=0.002), and some dimensions: Participation in care, distant mothering, interaction, and growth and development (P<0.05). There were also weak, positive, and significant relationships between fear and maternal role attainment (r=0.204, P=0.003) and some dimensions: Participation in care and growth and development (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the relationship between the fear and anxiety of COVID-19 with maternal role attainment and the special importance of this issue in NICUs, evaluating the mental health of mothers with preterm neonates and implementing effective psychological interventions to support them is recommended.
Cross-Layer Federated Learning for Lightweight IoT Intrusion Detection Systems

With the proliferation of IoT devices, ensuring the security and privacy of these devices and their associated data has become a critical challenge. In this paper, we propose a federated sampling and lightweight intrusion-detection system for IoT networks that use K-meansfor sampling network traffic and identifying anomalies in a semi-supervised way. The system is designed to preserve data privacy by performing local clustering on each device and sharing only summary statistics with a central aggregator. The proposed system is particularly suitable for resource-constrained IoT devices such as sensors with limited computational and storage capabilities. We evaluate the system’s performance using the publicly available NSL-KDD dataset. Our experiments and simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed intrusion-detection system, highlighting the trade-offs between precision and recall when sharing statistics between workers and the coordinator. Notably, our experiments show that the proposed federated IDS can increase the true-positive rate up to 10% when the workers and the coordinator collaborate.
Tank management in Andhra Pradesh, India: percolation versus irrigation

Hard-rock aquifers located in semi-arid climatic conditions are especially prone to over exploitation because of limited storage and recharge. In Ananra Pradesh (southern India), such geological and climatic settings prevail, and rapid increase in groundwater abstraction for irrigation has led to aquifer over-exploitation in many districts. As a response to over-exploitation, Central and State governments have launched watershed development programmes aiming at augmenting aquifer recharge using different man-made structures such as percolation tanks, check dams and defunct dug wells. The objective of the present study is to determine an accurate water budget for one experimental tank and then to simulate different tank water management practices with the scope to optimise water use. The selected tank is located in Gajwel watershed, 60 km north of Hyderabad, India, and has a maximum storage capacity of about 105 000 m 3 . During one recession period, the water budget is calculated under present site conditions (percolation tank) and another water budget is simulated for the case of use of tank water for irrigation. Conjunctive use (i.e. optimised use of tank water complemented, if required, by groundwater) proves to be beneficial for the overall water budget as evaporative loss is minimised.
Substance Use Outcomes Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals Living with HIV Following Residential Substance Use Treatment in Washington, DC

ABSTRACT This study explored how sexual or gender minority (SGM) status influenced substance use (SU) treatment outcomes in a predominantly African American and unemployed sample of people with HIV. N = 60 participants were enrolled in an abstinence-focused inpatient SU treatment center, followed by outpatient treatment sessions. At 12-months follow-up, the survival rate (i.e. those who did not reuse substances) was 37.6% (non-SGM group) vs. 4.8% (SGM group). The impact of SGM status on reuse was . 54 log odds, p = . 11, which translates to a 71.8% increase in the hazard of reusing substances for SGM vs. non-SGM individuals. For both groups, frequency of reuse remained stable and problems associated with SU decreased over time. Results suggest a potentially clinically relevant finding that SGM individuals have possible heightened risk of SU after a mixed inpatient-outpatient program. ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration number: NCT01351454.
Identification of cuproptosis and immune-related gene prognostic signature in lung adenocarcinoma

Background Cuproptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death that differs from other types such as pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy. It is a promising new target for cancer therapy. Additionally, immune-related genes play a crucial role in cancer progression and patient prognosis. Therefore, our study aimed to create a survival prediction model for lung adenocarcinoma patients based on cuproptosis and immune-related genes. This model can be utilized to enhance personalized treatment for patients. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The levels of immune cell infiltration in the GSE68465 cohort were determined using gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and immune-related genes (IRGs) were identified using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Additionally, cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) were identified using unsupervised clustering. Univariate COX regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis were performed to develop a risk prognostic model for cuproptosis and immune-related genes (CIRGs), which was subsequently validated. Various algorithms were utilized to explore the relationship between risk scores and immune infiltration levels, and model genes were analyzed based on single-cell sequencing. Finally, the expression of signature genes was confirmed through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blotting (WB). Results We have identified 5 Oncogenic Driver Genes namely CD79B, PEBP1, PTK2B, STXBP1, and ZNF671, and developed proportional hazards regression models. The results of the study indicate significantly reduced survival rates in both the training and validation sets among the high-risk group. Additionally, the high-risk group displayed lower levels of immune cell infiltration and expression of immune checkpoint compared to the low-risk group.
Hamstring muscle injury is preceded by a short period of higher running demands in professional football players

The aim of this study was to examine match running patterns before a hamstring muscle injury occurs during a match in male professional football players. A total of 281 male professional football players belonging to 7 teams from LaLiga were prospectively monitored over three seasons. Among these, 36 players suffered a non-contact hamstring muscle injury during an official match. The injuries were recorded by the medical staff, including the minute when the injury occurred. Running distances at different speed thresholds for 5 min and 15 min before the injury were compared to mean values of the previous 5 matches for the same time points. There were a total of 44 non-contact hamstring muscle injuries, which represents a hamstring muscle injury incidence of 3.34 injuries/1000 h of match exposure. The average time loss for these injuries was 33 ± 28 days (range 7 to 117 days). In the 15 min prior to the injury, players ran a similar distance as in control matches (p from 0.22 to 0.08). However, players ran a greater distance in the 5-min period before the injury than in control matches at 21.0–23.9 km/h (p < 0.001) and at ≥ 24 km/h (p < 0.001). The odds ratio for a hamstring muscle injury was 7.147 for those players who ran > 30.0 m at ≥ 21 km/h in a 5-min period (p < 0.001). Hamstring muscle injuries during competition were preceded by 5 min of higher running demands at > 21 km/h, compared with control matches. This suggests that a short period of unusual running increases the risk of hamstring muscle injury in professional football players.
UNDERPRICING AND NUMBER OF RISK FACTORS OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS IN INDONESIA

This study examines the effect of number of risk factors, use of proceeds for investment, size of issue and the level of ownership retained on initial returns of firm making Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in Indonesian capital market. A sample of 290 Indonesia IPOs that went public between 1989 and 2005 were examined. The number of risk factors is found to be positively related to the level of average positive initial returns (underpricing). The level of ownership retention has negative but insignificant relationship with the level of underpricing. Firms that use the proceeds from the offering for investment or expansion purposes are less underpriced than their counterparts that use the funds for operating purposes. Size of issue is negatively associated with the level of underpricing.
Enhanced YOLOv5 Object Detection Algorithm for Accurate Detection of Adult Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

Simple Summary The red palm weevil is an exotic and highly endangered pest that is extremely harmful to palm plants. In order to effectively control this pest, we propose an algorithm to automatically detect and count adult red palm weevils in traps. Previously, the trapping and counting of adult red palm weevils was done manually. The population density and damage level were then inferred from the number of adults trapped to guide control efforts. However, the efficiency of this method is very low. The algorithm proposed in this paper solves the drawbacks of manual counting, and the recognition accuracy reaches 93.8%, which also improves the efficiency of agricultural monitoring. Abstract The red palm weevil (RPW, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is an invasive and highly destructive pest that poses a serious threat to palm plants. To improve the efficiency of adult RPWs’ management, an enhanced YOLOv5 object detection algorithm based on an attention mechanism is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the detection capabilities for small targets are enhanced by adding a convolutional layer to the backbone network of YOLOv5 and forming a quadruple down-sampling layer by splicing and down-sampling the convolutional layers. Secondly, the Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) attention mechanism and Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) attention mechanism are inserted directly before the SPPF structure to improve the feature extraction capability of the model for targets. Then, 2600 images of RPWs in different scenes and forms are collected and organized for data support. These images are divided into a training set, validation set and test set following a ratio of 7:2:1. Finally, an experiment is conducted, demonstrating that the enhanced YOLOv5 algorithm achieves an average precision of 90.1% (mAP@0.5) and a precision of 93.8% (P), which is a significant improvement compared with related models. In conclusion, the enhanced model brings a higher detection accuracy and real-time performance to the RPW-controlled pest pre-detection system, which helps us to take timely preventive and control measures to avoid serious pest infestation. It also provides scalability for other pest pre-detection systems; with the corresponding dataset and training, the algorithm can be adapted to the detection tasks of other pests, which in turn brings a wider range of applications in the field of monitoring and control of agricultural pests.
Interference of Brassicaceae Weeds (Brassica tournefortii, Rapistrum rugosum, and Sisymbrium thellungii) in Chickpea

Abstract African mustard (Brassica tournefortii Gouan), turnipweed [Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. ], and African turnipweed (Sisymbrium thellungii O.E. Schulz) are common broadleaf weeds in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crops, particularly under dryland region conditions in eastern Australia. Information on crop yield losses and the seed production potential for these weeds in chickpea are limited. Field studies were conducted in the winter seasons of 2020 and 2021 in eastern Australia with different densities of the three weeds (B. tournefortii, R. rugosum, and S. thellungii) in chickpea. Based on the sigmoidal model, chickpea yield was reduced by 50% at 11 plants m–2 of B. tournefortii. Based on hyperbolic models, a 50% yield reduction of chickpea occurred at 5 and 25 plants m–2 of R. rugosum and S. thellungii, respectively. Based on the linear model, B. tournefortii, R. rugosum, and S. thellungii produced a maximum of 448,000, 206,700, and 869,400, seeds m–2, respectively. At chickpea harvest, the low seed retention (<55%) of B. tournefortii and S. thellungii suggests limited opportunities for harvest weed seed control, and the seed rain of these weeds may enrich the weed seedbank in the soil. At crop harvest, the seed retention of R. rugosum was found to be greater than 90%, suggesting that it is a suitable candidate for harvest weed seed control. This study demonstrated that R. rugosum could cause a greater reduction in chickpea yield compared with B. tournefortii and S. thellungii. Furthermore, restricting seed rain of B. tournefortii and S. thellungii by not allowing the plants to produce seeds is recommended to reduce their weed seedbanks in the soil. The information generated from this study could aid in strengthening integrated weed management in chickpea.
SPAD Developed in 55 nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS Technology Achieving Near 90% Peak PDP

We present a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) developed in 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology, which achieves high photon detection probability (PDP) while its breakdown voltage is lower than 20 V. To enhance the PDP performance, the SPAD junction is optimized with lightly-doped-drain and high-voltage-well layers which are provided in the BCD process. In addition, the dielectric layers over the SPAD are properly etched to reduce multilayer reflections so that the photon collection efficiency can be maximized. The SPAD achieves a peak PDP of 89.4% at 450 nm wavelength with the excess bias voltage of 7 V, while its breakdown voltage is 16.1 V. At the same bias condition, the device shows a dark count rate (DCR) of 38.2 cps/μm2. It also achieves a timing jitter of 55 ps at 940 nm with the 7 V excess bias. This new high-performance SPAD implemented in such an advanced node BCD technology operating at a low breakdown voltage is expected to have a major impact on several single-photon applications, especially biomedical sensing and imaging.