Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building Task Concepts of the Vernacular Settlement in Tamkesi Village

Tamkesi village in Timor Island is a vernacular village designed and constructed by the local people based on local wisdom and knowledge. The Tamkesi settlement was developed on the basis of culture of Southern Biboki ancestral traditions, either in terms of the order of space outside the building or the order of space inside the building. The mass building of Tamkesi people contains 6 masses, either occupancy masses or non-occupancy masses. Tamkesi vernacular settlement is very significant to be analyzed because of the phenomenon of its local wisdom concept. This research, therefore, was focused on the process and concept of building task architecture. Such concept is believed to contribute to today’s architectural designs. This study used literature review and field notes as its methodology. The employed reading tool in this study is based on the relationships which exist in function-form-meaning of vernacular architecture. The building task analysis was used as an identification tool of a concept which influences function-form-meaning of a case study. The result indicates that the building task of the study object is a phenomenological concept of the existence of a vernacular settlement which has been survived until this time based on the local natural condition and social symbol of cultural settlement. The contribution of the process to discover the concept of building task of Tamkesi vernacular architecture is the understanding about the value of culture and the symbols of tradition as the concept of local identity of today’s architecture.
Improved Word Alignments Using the Web as a Corpus

We propose a novel method for improving word alignments in a parallel sentence-aligned bilingual corpus based on the idea that if two words are translations of each other then so should be many words in their local contexts. The idea is formalised using the Web as a corpus, a glossary of known word translations (dynamically augmented from the Web using bootstrapping), the vector space model, linguistically motivated weighted minimum edit distance, competitive linking, and the IBM models. Evaluation results on a Bulgarian-Russian corpus show a sizable improvement both in word alignment and in translation quality.
Developing a Business Application with BPM and MDE

In this paper we have designed an architecture for the generation of a business application, that allows to business users to adapt their processes to the constant change. At the moment all the architectures based to a great extent on SOA allow to modify the processes in a short period of time, but we go beyond and give the possibility to the business user of modifying their processes. To design this architecture, we rely on the fundamental use of two technologies: BPM (Business Process Modeling) and MDE (Model Driven Engineering). Inside these technologies we focus on the creation of a business process notation extended from BPMN that is agile, easy to learn and design, and capable to provide semantic information about the process. Therefore this notation allows business process to modify their processes to achieve the proposed goal.
Cumulative Knowledge-based Regression Models for Next-term Grade Prediction

Grade prediction for future courses not yet taken by students is important as it can help them and their advisers during the process of course selection as well as for designing personalized degree plans and modifying them based on the students’ performance. In this paper, we present a cumulative knowledge-based regression model with different courseknowledge spaces for the task of next-term grade prediction. This method utilizes historical student-course grades as well as the information available about the courses to capture the relationships between courses in terms of the knowledge components provided by them. Our experiments on a large dataset obtained from College of Science & Engineering at University of Minnesota show that our proposed methods achieve better performance than competing methods and that these performance gains are statistically significant.
Low-leakage repeaters for NoC interconnects

Several low-leakage repeater circuits for network-on-chip (NoC) interconnects are presented and analyzed for various utilization rates. The recently proposed staggered-Vt (SVT) repeater is compared with the novel dual-Vt domino (DTD) repeaters and sleep repeaters (SR). These circuits are compared with standard low-Vt (LVT) repeaters in a 32-bit link. Up to 70% and 61% power reduction was obtained in SVT and DTD repeaters, respectively. DTD repeaters are the most area-efficient ones, showing 40% reduction in total area of repeaters. Sleep repeaters are most area-consuming and less effective in high and moderate utilization rates, but comparable to SVT in terms of power for utilization rates below 2%, showing 72% power reduction.
DiveInto: Supporting Diversity in Intrusion-Tolerant Systems

Intrusion tolerant services are usually implemented as replicated systems. If replicas execute identical software, then they share the same vulnerabilities and the whole system can be easily compromised if a single flaw is found. One solution to this problem is to introduce diversity by using different server implementations, but this increases the chances of incompatibility between replicas. This paper studies various kinds incompatibilities and presents a new methodology to evaluate the compliance of diverse server replicas. The methodology collects network traces to identify syntax and semantic violations, and to assist in their resolution. A tool called Dive Into was developed based on the methodology and was applied to three replication scenarios. The experiments demonstrate that Dive Into is capable of discovering various sorts of violations, including problems related with nondeterministic execution.
Simulating independence: new constructions of condensers, ramsey graphs, dispersers, and extractors

A distribution <i>X</i> over binary strings of length <i>n</i> has min-entropy <i>k</i> if every string has probability at most 2<sup>-<i>k</i></sup> in <i>X</i>. We say that <i>X</i> is a δ-source if its rate <i>k</i>⁄<i>n</i> is at least δ. We give the following new explicit instructions (namely, poly(n)- time computable functions) of <i>deterministic</i>extractors, dispersers and related objects. All work for any fixed rate δ>0. No previous explicit construction was known for either of these, for any δ‹1⁄2. The first two constitute major progress to very long-standing open problems. <ol><li><b>Bipartite Ramsey</b> <i>f</i><inf>1</inf>: (0,1)<sup>n</sup>)<sup>2</sup> →0,1, such that for any two independent δ-sources <i>X</i><inf>1</inf>, <i>X</i><inf>2</inf> we have <i>f</i><inf>1</inf>(<i>X</i><inf>1</inf>,<i>X</i><inf>2</inf>) = 0,1 This implies a new explicit construction of <i>2N</i>-vertex bipartite graphs where no induced <i>N</i><sup>δ</sup> by <i>N</i><sup>δ</sup> subgraph is complete or empty. </li> <li><b>Multiple source extraction</b> <i>f</i><inf>2</inf>: (0,1<i>n</i>)<sup>3</sup>→0,1 such that for any three independent δ-sources <i>X</i><inf>1</inf>,<i>X</i><inf>2</inf>,<i>X</i><inf>3</inf> we have that <i>f</i><inf>2</inf>(<i>X</i><inf>1</inf>,<i>X</i><inf>2</inf>,<i>X</i><inf>3</inf>) is (<i>o</i>(1)-close to being) an unbiased random bit. </li> <li><b>Constant seed condenser</b><sup>2</sup> <i>f</i><inf>3</inf>: <i><sup>n</sup></i> →(0,1<sup><i>m</i></sup>)<sup><i>c</i></sup>, such that for any δ-source <i>X</i>, one of the <i>c</i> output distributions <i>f</i><inf>3</inf>(<i>X</i>)<inf><i>i</i></inf>, is a 0.9-source over 0,1<i><sup>m</sup></i>. Here <i>c</i> is a constant depending only on δ. </li><li><b>Subspace Ramsey</b> <i>f</i>4: 0,1<i><sup>n</sup></i>→0,1 such that for any <i>affine</i>-δ-source<sup>3</sup> <i>X</i> we have <i>f</i><inf>4</inf>(<i>X</i>)= 0,1. </li></ol>The constructions are quite involved and use as building blocks other new and known gadgets. But we can point out two important themes which recur in these constructions. One is that gadgets which were designed to work with independent inputs, sometimes perform well enough with correlated, high entropy inputs. The second is using the input to (introspectively) find high entropy regions within itself.
Preliminary Chinese Term Classification for Ontology Construction

An ontology can be seen as a representation of concepts in a specific domain. Accordingly, ontology construction can be regarded as the process of organizing these concepts. If the terms which are used to label the concepts are classified before building an ontology, the work of ontology construction can proceed much more easily. Part-of-speech (PoS) tags usually carry some linguistic information of terms, so PoS tagging can be seen as a kind of preliminary classification to help constructing concept nodes in ontology because features or attributes related to concepts of different PoS types may be different. This paper presents a simple approach to tag domain terms for the convenience of ontology construction, referred to as Term PoS (TPoS) Tagging. The proposed approach makes use of segmentation and tagging results from a general PoS tagging software to predict tags for extracted domain specific terms. This approach needs no training and no context information. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves a precision of 95.41% for extracted terms and can be easily applied to different domains. Comparing with some existing approaches, our approach shows that for some specific tasks, simple method can obtain very good performance and is thus a better choice.
Succinct Representation of Concurrent Trace Sets

We present a method and a tool for generating succinct representations of sets of concurrent traces. We focus on trace sets that contain all correct or all incorrect permutations of events from a given trace. We represent trace sets as HB-Formulas that are Boolean combinations of happens-before constraints between events. To generate a representation of incorrect interleavings, our method iteratively explores interleavings that violate the specification and gathers generalizations of the discovered interleavings into an HB-Formula; its complement yields a representation of correct interleavings. We claim that our trace set representations can drive diverse verification, fault localization, repair, and synthesis techniques for concurrent programs. We demonstrate this by using our tool in three case studies involving synchronization synthesis, bug summarization, and abstraction refinement based verification. In each case study, our initial experimental results have been promising. In the first case study, we present an algorithm for inferring missing synchronization from an HB-Formula representing correct interleavings of a given trace. The algorithm applies rules to rewrite specific patterns in the HB-Formula into locks, barriers, and wait-notify constructs. In the second case study, we use an HB-Formula representing incorrect interleavings for bug summarization. While the HB-Formula itself is a concise counterexample summary, we present additional inference rules to help identify specific concurrency bugs such as data races, define-use order violations, and two-stage access bugs. In the final case study, we present a novel predicate learning procedure that uses HB-Formulas representing abstract counterexamples to accelerate counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR). In each iteration of the CEGAR loop, the procedure refines the abstraction to eliminate multiple spurious abstract counterexamples drawn from the HB-Formula.
Sequence-specific DNA alkylation targeting for Kras codon 13 mutation by pyrrole-imidazole polyamide seco-CBI conjugates.

Hairpin N-methylpyrrole-N-methylimidazole polyamide seco-CBI conjugates 2-6 were designed for synthesis by Fmoc solid-phase synthesis, and their DNA-alkylating activities against the Kras codon 13 mutation were compared by high-resolution denaturing gel electrophoresis with 225 base pair (bp) DNA fragments. Conjugate 5 had high reactivity towards the Kras codon 13 mutation site, with alkylation occurring at the A of the sequence 5'-ACGTCACCA-3' (site 2), including minor 1 bp-mismatch alkylation against wild type 5'-ACGCCACCA-3' (site 3). Conjugate 6, which differs from conjugate 5 by exchanging one Py unit with a β unit, showed high selectivity but only weakly alkylated the A of 5'-ACGTCACCA-3' (site 2). The hairpin polyamide seco-CBI conjugate 5 thus alkylates according to Dervan's pairing rule with the pairing recognition which β/β pair targets T-A and A-T pairs. SPR and a computer-minimized model suggest that 5 binds to the target sequence with high affinity in a hairpin conformation, allowing for efficient DNA alkylation.
Conditionally Activated E7 Proteins of High-Risk and Low-Risk Human Papillomaviruses Induce S Phase in Postmitotic, Differentiated Human Keratinocytes

ABSTRACT The productive program of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in epithelia is tightly linked to squamous differentiation. The E7 proteins of high-risk HPV genotypes efficiently inactivate the pRB family of proteins that control the cell cycle, triggering S phase in suprabasal keratinocytes. This ability has until now not been demonstrated for the low-risk HPV-6 or HPV-11 E7 proteins. An inducible system in which HPV-16 E7 is fused to the ligand binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER) was described by Smith-McCune et al. (K. Smith-McCune, D. Kalman, C. Robbins, S. Shivakumar, L. Yuschenkoff, and J. M. Bishop, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:6999-7004, 1999). In the absence of hormone, E7ER is cytoplasmic, and upon addition of 17β-estradiol, it translocates to the nucleus. Using organotypic epithelial raft cultures developed from primary human keratinocytes, we show that 16E7ER promotes either S-phase reentry or p21cip1 accumulation in differentiated keratinocytes in a stochastic manner as early as 6 h postinduction with 17β-estradiol. A vector expressing the ER moiety alone had no effect. These observations prove unequivocally that the E7 protein drives S-phase reentry in postmitotic, differentiated keratinocytes rather than preventing S-phase exit while the cells ascend through the epithelium. HPV-11 E7ER and, much less efficiently, HPV-6 E7ER also promoted S-phase reentry by differentiated cells upon exposure to 17β-estradiol. S-phase induction required the consensus pRB binding motif. We propose that the elevated nuclear levels of the low-risk HPV E7 protein afforded by the inducible system account for the positive results. These observations are entirely consistent with the fact that low-risk HPV genotypes replicate in the differentiated strata in patient specimens, as do the high-risk HPVs.
Geldanamycin, a new antibiotic.

A new crystalline antimicrobial compound, geldanamycin, has been discovered in the culture nitrates of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. geldanus var. nova. Geldanamycin is moderately active in vitro against protozoa, bacteria and fungi. It is also active against L-1210 and KB cells growing in culture and against the parasite Syphacia ohlevata, in vivo. The fermentation, assay, chromatography and isolation as well as its biological and chemical properties were investigated. On the basis of its physical and chemical properties, geldanamycin is a complex molecule consisting of an unsaturated moiety attached to a quinone.
Two-way interference channels

We consider two-way interference channels (ICs) where forward and backward channels are ICs but not necessarily the same. We first consider a scenario where there are only two forward messages and feedback is offered through the backward IC for aiding forward-message transmission. For a linear deterministic model of this channel, we develop inner and outer bounds that match for a wide range of channel parameters. We find that the backward IC can be more efficiently used for feedback rather than if it were used for independent backward-message transmission. As a consequence, we show that feedback can provide a net increase in capacity even if feedback cost is taken into consideration. Moreover we extend this to a more general scenario with two additional independent backward messages, from which we find that interaction can provide an arbitrarily large gain in capacity.
Predictive control for trajectory tracking and decentralized navigation of multi-agent formations

This paper addresses a predictive control strategy for a particular class of multi-agent formations with a time-varying topology. The goal is to guarantee tracking capabilities with respect to a reference trajectory which is pre-specified for an agent designed as the leader. Then, the remaining agents, designed as followers, track the position and orientation of the leader. In real-time, a predictive control strategy enhanced with the potential field methodology is used in order to derive a feedback control action based only on local information within the group of agents. The main concern is that the interconnections between the agents are time-varying, affecting the neighborhood around each agent. The proposed method exhibits effective performance validated through some illustrative examples.
A Concurrent SMART2 Evaluation Model for Decision-making in New Product Development

To achieve the success and growth in today's competitive marketplace, companies must continuously develop and market new products. Planning and design (P&D) phase in an enterprise is critical to project success in the front-end process of new product development (NPD). In real world, when selecting an appropriate P&D alternative which involves a variety of different considerations such as corporate strategy, finance, marketing, technology, production, customer needs, product aesthetics, and so forth. If company's upper-level management lacks the ability to effectively evaluate the candidates which are proposed by the product design team, substandard NPD projects caused by inadequate decision-maker selection are often happened. In this paper, we suggest an improved product design selection methodology which reflects interdependencies among evaluation criteria and candidate alternatives using the novel concurrent SMART (planning) times SMART (design) (SMART2) evaluation model by means of the bi-directional analytic network process (ANP) approach. Subsequently, a zero-one goal programming (ZOGP) model is formulated to consider the limited resources and some inevitable constraints for reaching an optimal solution. An empirical NPD design case was presented to illustrate the overall decision procedure and to examine the effectiveness of our proposed methodology
Perception-Based Transparency Optimization for Direct Volume Rendering

The semi-transparent nature of direct volume rendered images is useful to depict layered structures in a volume. However, obtaining a semi-transparent result with the layers clearly revealed is difficult and may involve tedious adjustment on opacity and other rendering parameters. Furthermore, the visual quality of layers also depends on various perceptual factors. In this paper, we propose an auto-correction method for enhancing the perceived quality of the semi-transparent layers in direct volume rendered images. We introduce a suite of new measures based on psychological principles to evaluate the perceptual quality of transparent structures in the rendered images. By optimizing rendering parameters within an adaptive and intuitive user interaction process, the quality of the images is enhanced such that specific user requirements can be met. Experimental results on various datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method.
Hormone- and Light-Mediated Regulation of Heat-Induced Differential Petiole Growth in Arabidopsis[W][OA]

Plants react quickly and profoundly to changes in their environment. A sudden increase in temperature, for example, induces differential petiole growth-driven upward leaf movement (hyponastic growth) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We show that accessions that face the strongest fluctuations in diurnal temperature in their natural habitat are least sensitive for heat-induced hyponastic growth. This indicates that heat-induced hyponastic growth is a trait subject to natural selection. The response is induced with kinetics remarkably similar to ethylene- and low light-induced hyponasty in several accessions. Using pharmacological assays, transcript analysis, and mutant analyses, we demonstrate that ethylene and the photoreceptor protein phytochrome B are negative regulators of heat-induced hyponastic growth and that low light, phytochrome A, auxin, polar auxin transport, and abscisic acid are positive regulators of heat-induced hyponastic growth. Furthermore, auxin, auxin polar transport, phytochrome A, phytochrome B, and cryptochromes are required for a fast induction of heat-induced hyponastic growth.
Desaturation and Hydroxylation

Exchanging the identity of amino acids at four key locations within the Arabidopsis thaliana oleate desaturase (FAD2) and the Lesquerella fendlerihydroxylase/desaturase (LFAH) was shown to influence partitioning between desaturation and hydroxylation (Broun, P., Shanklin, J., Whittle, E., and Somerville, C. (1998) Science 282, 1315–1317). We report that four analogous substitutions in the FAD2 sequence by their equivalents from the castor oleate hydroxylase result in hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in A. thaliana to the same levels as for the wild-type castor hydroxylase. We also describe the relative contribution of these substitutions, both individually and in combination, by analyzing the products resulting from their expression in A. thaliana and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast expression showed that M324V, a change reachable by a single point mutation, altered the product distribution ∼49-fold, and that residue 148 is also a predominant determinant of reaction outcome. Comparison of residues at position 148 of FAD2, LFAH, and the Ricinus oleate hydroxylase prompted us to rationally engineer LFAH-N149I, a variant with ∼1.9-fold increase in hydroxylation specificity compared with that of wild-type LFAH. Control experiments showed that the wild-type Arabidopsis thalianaFAD2 desaturase has inherent, low level, hydroxylation activity. Further, fatty acid desaturases from different kingdoms and with different regiospecificities exhibit similar intrinsic hydroxylase activity, underscoring fundamental mechanistic similarities between desaturation and hydroxylation. For LFAH mutants the hydroxylation:desaturation ratio is 5–9-fold higher for 18-carbonversus 16-carbon substrates, supporting our hypothesis that substrate positioning in the active site plays a key role in the partitioning of catalytic specificity.
Combining Multiple Feature Selection Methods and Deep Learning for High-dimensional Data

Feature or variable selection when the number of features is relatively large to the number of samples or n<< p is a challenge in many machine learning applications. A large number of statistical methods have been developed to address this challenge. Each method uses different statistical assumptions about the shape of the regression function relating the predicted variable to the predictors. In this paper we propose an alternative: combining results from different feature selection methods relying on disjoint assumptions about the regression function. We show that our method will lead to better sensitivity than using different methods individually, on synthetic datasets and datasets from the UCI machine learning repository. Our empirical studies on data with n << p show that the accuracy obtained when training deep neural networks with variables selected using our method is at least as good as the accuracy obtained when not selecting variables in advance. Our first conclusion is that the feature selection results are improved by enlarging the body of limiting assumptions about the function relating the predicted variable to the predictors. Our second conclusion is that, feature selection can improve accuracy in deep learning at least on data with n << p.