Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis on the Relationship between the Mandibular Third Molar and the Position of the Mandibular Canal in Koreans from the Yanbian Area and the Han People

Objective To analyze differences in the positional relationships between the mandibular third molar (MTM) and the mandibular canal in Korean and Han patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to provide a basis for preoperative risk assessments. Materials and Methods The CBCT imaging data of 260 Korean and Han patients were collected. The patients' genders, ages, impaction types and depths, relative positions between the MTMs and the mandibular nerve canals, and the shortest distances and shapes at the root tips and cortical bones were all recorded and analyzed. All data were compared using the nonparametric test, ordered logistic regression analysis, a chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Results The relationship between the mandibular canal and the relative position of the MTM differed between Korean and Han patients, mainly in the different types of impactions, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The shortest distance between the mesioangular and horizontally impacted mandibular canals and the buccal side of the MTM in Korean patients was less than in Han patients, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). For horizontal impactions, the probability of cortical bone interruption was 1.980 times greater in Korean patients than in Han patients, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The significance threshold was set at 0.05. Conclusion There are some differences in the positional relationship between the mandibular canal in the MTM region and the rate of cortical bone disruption between Koreans from the Yanbian area and the Hans. This should gain clinical attention.
Phenolic Extract from Extra Virgin Olive Oil Induces Different Anti-Proliferative Pathways in Human Bladder Cancer Cell Lines

Regular consumption of olive oil is associated with protection against chronic-degenerative diseases, such as cancer. Epidemiological evidence indicates an inverse association between olive oil intake and bladder cancer risk. Bladder cancer is among the most common forms of cancer; in particular, the transitional cell carcinoma histotype shows aggressive behavior. We investigated the anti-proliferative effects of a phenolic extract prepared from an extra virgin olive oil (EVOOE) on two human bladder cancer cell lines, namely RT112 and J82, representing the progression from low-grade to high-grade tumors, respectively. In RT112, the EVOOE reduced cell viability (IC50 = 240 μg/mL at 24 h), triggering a non-protective form of autophagy, evidenced by the autophagosome formation and the increase in LC-3 lipidation. In J82, EVOOE induced a strong decrease in cell viability after 24 h of treatment (IC50 = 65.8 μg/mL) through rapid and massive apoptosis, assessed by Annexin V positivity and caspase-3 and -9 activation. Moreover, in both bladder cancer cell lines, EVOOE reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species, but this antioxidant effect was not correlated with its anti-proliferative outcomes. Data obtained suggest that the mixture of phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil activates different anti-proliferative pathways.
Procedural justice, perceived injustice, legal cynicism and police performance: understanding the decision to report victimisation to the police in Caribbean countries

ABSTRACT Extant literature has identified that victims’ decisions to cooperate with police is often related to how they perceive justice, the legal system, and law enforcement. While this line of inquiry has been extensively conducted in the context of developed world, fewer studies have examined this nexus within the context of developing countries. To fill this research gap, the current study brings into focus seven Caribbean countries surveyed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Using logistic regression models, the research aims to examine how individuals’ beliefs about justice and the criminal justice system affect their crime reporting behaviour. In particular, we evaluate the roles of four factors (procedural justice, performance, perceived justice, and legal cynicism) on the reporting of violent and property crimes. Our results revealed victims of violent crime were more likely to report these crimes to the police when they believe the police are effective. In addition, perceived justice was positively associated with reporting of violent and property crimes in the Caribbean countries. On the contrary, individuals who believed high levels of legal cynicism were less likely to report violent crimes. Implications for future research and policies relevant to the research context as well as to developing countries are also discussed.
MOLECULAR CLOUDS IN THE GALACTIC CENTER REGION: CARBON MONOXIDE OBSERVATIONS AT 2.6 MILLIMETERS.

A preliminary CO emission line survey covering a strip at 6 = —2' from / = 359? 7 to / = 2? 8 is presented which shows a continuous band of emission connecting the region between Sgr A and Sgr B. A high-resolution map of the Sgr A cloud near the galactic center shows that there are at least two clouds centered within 3' of each other with a velocity difference of 35 km s -1 . Measure-ment of the 13 C 16 0 and 12 C 18 0 emission indicates isotopic abundances similar to those of the solar system.
Phagocytosis of Influenza Virus

Phagocytosis of PR8 influenza virus was investigated by injecting large quantities of purified virus intraperitoneally into normal and immune mice. Utilizing the fluorescent-antibody technique to demonstrate intracellular virus, the hemagglutination and infectivity measurements to demonstrate free virus, the following observations were made in normal mice: 1) The virus adsorbed onto the lymphocytes normally present in the mouse peritoneal cavity and agglutinated these cells within a few minutes. 2) Within 1 hr a leukocytic infiltration of neutrophils occurred. Free virus adsorbed onto these cells, agglutinated them in 4 hr while phagocytosis occurred after 16 hr. 3) Virus persisted in the peritoneal cavity for 28 hr. A similar sequence of events occurred in mice with low antibody titers. In mice with high antibody titers phagocytosis of virus could be demonstrated as early as 8 hr after virus injection, while infective virus remained for 12 hr. Leukocytes from these mice contained no infective virus 12 hr after virus injection. The individual contribution of antibody and the leukocytes to the inactivation of the virus remains undetermined.
Impact of Conservation Tillage Technologies on the Biological Relevance of Weeds

Limited tillage provides a number of benefits, but a question remains how it affects weed community and biodiversity evolving from the weed community. Our field experiment was established in the cadastral area of Branišovice (South Moravian Region, Czech Republic). Three different tillage technologies were used in this field experiment: conventional tillage, minimum tillage, and no-tillage technology. In 2001–2004, infestation by weeds was evaluated in the stands of spring barley, winter wheat grown after a dicot pre-crop (rape, soybean), in the stands of wheat grown after wheat, and in stands of maize. The recorded weed species were divided according to the criteria of biological relevance. Based on the results of the four-year field experiment, it is possible to state that tillage technologies have only a limited influence on the intensity of weeding but substantially alter the species spectrum of weeds. Weed vegetation in the no-tillage variant exhibits higher values of biological relevance, which allows a higher occurrence of weed-dependent species of organisms. Weed vegetation in the minimum soil tillage variant has the lowest biological relevance values, which limits the occurrence of weed-dependent organisms. Alterations in weeding caused by different tillage technologies are part of the process of vegetation microevolution in the agricultural landscape.
Identification of Aryl Polyamines Derivatives as Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Agents Targeting Iron Superoxide Dismutase

Chagas disease (CD) is a tropical and potentially fatal infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Although CD was limited to Latin America as a silent disease, CD has become widespread as a result of globalization. Currently, 6–8 million people are infected worldwide, and no effective treatment is available. Here, we identify new effective agents against T. cruzi. In short, 16 aryl polyamines were screened in vitro against different T. cruzi strains, and lead compounds were evaluated in vivo after oral administration in both the acute and chronic infections. The mode of action was also evaluated at the energetic level, and its high activity profile could be ascribed to a mitochondria-dependent bioenergetic collapse and redox stress by inhibition of the Fe-SOD enzyme. We present compound 15 as a potential compound that provides a step forward for the development of new agents to combat CD.
Synthesis of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles by Using Sericin Protein from Bombyx mori Silk Cocoon and Investigation of Its Wound Healing, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Potentials

Introduction A number of biological wastes and factory waste materials have been tested recently for the eco-friendly biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Sericin protein (SSP) is usually removed from the silk cocoon during the degumming process in the process of making the silk, and this sericin protein is normally thrown away by the sericulture industries as waste materials. It is found that this sericin protein possesses a number of biological properties. Methods Considering this, in the present study, an effort has been made to biosynthesize gold nanoparticles (SSP-AuNPs) using the waste sericin solution as the reducing and capping agent and investigate its biopotential in terms of its wound healing, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Results The synthesis of SSP-AuNPs was perceived by the visual color change and confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy with absorption maxima at 522 nm. Further characterization of SSP-AuNPs was done by TEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, DLS, zeta potential, TGA, AFM, etc. The size of SSP-AuNPs was found out to be 54.82 nm as per the particle size analyzer and the zeta potential is −19.8 mV. The SSP-AuNPs displayed promising wound healing potential of 70.96 and 69.76% wound closure rate at 5 and 10 µg/mL respectively as compared to 74.91% by the Centella asiatica taken as a positive control. It also exhibited promising antioxidant potential in terms of the DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging, reducing power potential, and total antioxidant capacity. Besides, the SSP-AuNPs also displayed significant antibacterial activities against the tested pathogenic bacterial with the diameter of inhibition zones ranging between 12.10 and 14.96 mm as compared to the positive control cephalexin that displayed inhibition zones ranging between 12.08 and 13.24 mm. Discussion Taken together, SSP-AuNPs could serve as an interesting candidate for food, cosmetics, and biomedical fields in the applications of wound healing, cosmetics, antibacterial bandages, and ointments, etc.
DIRECT PHOTOGRAPHY OF A SAMPLE OF SOUTHERN PLANETARY NEBULAE NEAR THE GALACTIC PLANE

Images of a group of 52 emission-line objects located near the Galactic plane have been obtained using a broad-band V filter and two narrow-band filters centered at forbidden-line O III 5007 and H-alpha. The diameters measured in these plates have been compared with those reported earlier by other authors, and the differences found are discussed.
Reflection principle for the Maxwell equations and its application to inverse electromagnetic scattering

A novel reflection principle for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations is established. It is then used to derive a uniqueness result in inverse electromagnetic obstacle scattering with polyhedral-type scatterers of perfect conductors. The underlying scatterers can be very general; e.g., they may consist of finitely many solid polyhedra along with finitely many subsets of two-dimensional planes.
Numerical simulation of substation grounding grids buried in both horizontal and vertical multilayer earth model

In the simulation of quasi‐static electromagnetic fields produced by a point source located in both horizontal and vertical multilayer media, the conventional image method requires an infinite number of images to get an accurate solution, while the method of quasi‐static complex images needs only a few ones. Based on the method of quasi‐static complex images, the closed form of Green's function of a point source in both horizontal and vertical multilayer earth model is derived through matrix pencil (MP) approach. The fast convergent Galerkin's type of boundary element method (BEM) is taken to simulate and analyse a grounding system including floating electrode with any complicated structure, which can be located anywhere in horizontal or vertical multilayer earth model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The solar plasma conditions in the source regions of two explosive events

We analyze the ultraviolet emission during two explosive events (EEI and EEII) recorded by SUMER aboard SOHO in the wavelength range from 749 A to 789 A. The events occurred near the centre of the solar disk on 17 November 1996. An attempt is made to separate the emission of the primary energy release from that of the accelerated plasma. We want to establish the characteristics of the sources, in particular, how large they are and how they are spatially distributed with respect to each other. Gaussian fits were calculated to estimate the radiances of the brightest emissions in our wavelength range for the core of the lines and their blue and red wings. The maximum of each Gaussian approximation was used to define the spatial distributions of the components. The electron densities were obtained with the help of the O v line ratio. The relationship between the densities and the spatial distribution of the radiances is then analyzed. The distributions of EEI are more extended than those of EEII, probably due to the different geometries of the observations. In both events, there is an offset in the locations of red and blue components but the offset is greater at EEI than at EEII. The Doppler velocities of the components of EEI were smaller than those of EEII. Also, in both events the density of the red component attained the highest values (≥4 × 10 10 cm −3 ). In EEI the electron density distributions of the three components were considerably narrower than the radiance distributions. The peak densities were observed centred with respect to the radiance distributions, suggesting that the sources of the first energy release of this event were near these locations. Both the electron density and the radiance distributions of EEI suggest a jet direction close to the line of sight.
Second-type self-similar solutions to the strong explosion problem

The flow resulting from a strong explosion at the center of an ideal gas sphere, whose density drops with the distance r from the origin as r−ω, is assumed to approach asymptotically the self‐similar solutions by Sedov and Taylor. It is shown that the Sedov–Taylor (ST) solutions that exist only for ω≤5 and are probably the most familiar example for self‐similar solutions of the first type fail to describe the asymptotic flow obtained for 3≤ω≤5. New second‐type self‐similar solutions that describe the asymptotic flow for 3≤ω≤5, as well as for ω≥5, are presented and analyzed. The shock waves described by these solutions are accelerating while the shock waves described by the ST solutions for ω≤3 are decelerating. The new solutions are related to a new singular point in Guderley’s map. They exist only for ω values smaller than some ωc that depends upon the adiabatic index of the gas. The asymptotic flow obtained for ω≥ωc is discussed in a subsequent paper.
A New Frontier in Studying Dietary Phytochemicals in Cancer and in Health: Metabolic and Epigenetic Reprogramming

Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprogramming are closely inter-related, and mutually regulate each other to control cell growth in cancer initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. Epigenetics plays a crucial role in regulating normal cellular functions as well as pathological conditions in many diseases, including cancer. Conversely, certain mitochondrial metabolites are considered as essential cofactors and regulators of epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, dysregulation of metabolism promotes tumor cell growth and reprograms the cells to produce metabolites and bioenergy needed to support cancer cell proliferation. Hence, metabolic reprogramming which alters the metabolites/epigenetic cofactors, would drive the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation and histone modification, that could lead to cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. Recognizing the diverse array of benefits of phytochemicals, they are gaining increasing interest in cancer interception and treatment. One of the significant mechanisms of cancer interception and treatment by phytochemicals is reprogramming of the key metabolic pathways and remodeling of cancer epigenetics. This review focuses on the metabolic remodeling and epigenetics reprogramming in cancer and investigates the potential mechanisms by which phytochemicals can mitigate cancer.
Can vegetation be discretely classified in species‐poor environments? Testing plant community concepts for vegetation monitoring on sub‐Antarctic Marion Island

Abstract The updating and rethinking of vegetation classifications is important for ecosystem monitoring in a rapidly changing world, where the distribution of vegetation is changing. The general assumption that discrete and persistent plant communities exist that can be monitored efficiently, is rarely tested before undertaking a classification. Marion Island (MI) is comprised of species‐poor vegetation undergoing rapid environmental change. It presents a unique opportunity to test the ability to discretely classify species‐poor vegetation with recently developed objective classification techniques and relate it to previous classifications. We classified vascular species data of 476 plots sampled across MI, using Ward hierarchical clustering, divisive analysis clustering, non‐hierarchical kmeans and partitioning around medoids. Internal cluster validation was performed using silhouette widths, Dunn index, connectivity of clusters and gap statistic. Indicator species analyses were also conducted on the best performing clustering methods. We evaluated the outputs against previously classified units. Ward clustering performed the best, with the highest average silhouette width and Dunn index, as well as the lowest connectivity. The number of clusters differed amongst the clustering methods, but most validation measures, including for Ward clustering, indicated that two and three clusters are the best fit for the data. However, all classification methods produced weakly separated, highly connected clusters with low compactness and low fidelity and specificity to clusters. There was no particularly robust and effective classification outcome that could group plots into previously suggested vegetation units based on species composition alone. The relatively recent age (c. 450,000 years B.P.), glaciation history (last glacial maximum 34,500 years B.P.) and isolation of the sub‐Antarctic islands may have hindered the development of strong vascular plant species assemblages with discrete boundaries. Discrete classification at the community‐level using species composition may not be suitable in such species‐poor environments. Species‐level, rather than community‐level, monitoring may thus be more appropriate in species‐poor environments, aligning with continuum theory rather than community theory.
Conditional-Based Transformer Network With Learnable Queries for 4D Deformation Forecasting and Tracking

Real-time motion management for image-guided radiation therapy interventions plays an important role for accurate dose delivery. Forecasting future 4D deformations from in-plane image acquisitions is fundamental for accurate dose delivery and tumor targeting. However, anticipating visual representations is challenging and is not exempt from hurdles such as the prediction from limited dynamics, and the high-dimensionality inherent to complex deformations. Also, existing 3D tracking approaches typically need both template and search volumes as inputs, which are not available during real-time treatments. In this work, we propose an attention-based temporal prediction network where features extracted from input images are treated as tokens for the predictive task. Moreover, we employ a set of learnable queries, conditioned on prior knowledge, to predict future latent representation of deformations. Specifically, the conditioning scheme is based on estimated time-wise prior distributions computed from future images available during the training stage. Finally, we propose a new framework to address the problem of temporal 3D local tracking using cine 2D images as inputs, by employing latent vectors as gating variables to refine the motion fields over the tracked region. The tracker module is anchored on a 4D motion model, which provides both the latent vectors and the volumetric motion estimates to be refined. Our approach avoids auto-regression and leverages spatial transformations to generate the forecasted images. The tracking module reduces the error by 63% compared to a conditional-based transformer 4D motion model, yielding a mean error of 1.5± 1.1 mm. Furthermore, for the studied cohort of abdominal 4D MRI images, the proposed method is able to predict future deformations with a mean geometrical error of 1.2± 0.7 mm.
Interior structural bifurcation and separation of 2D incompressible flows

We study transitions in the topological structure of a family of divergence-free vector fields u(⋅,t) near an interior point. It is shown that structural bifurcation occurs at t0 if u(⋅,t0) has an isolated degenerate singular point x0∈M with zero index and nonzero Jacobian at x0, and with nonzero acceleration in the direction normal to the (unique) eigenspace of the Jacobian. This result is carried out by analyzing the orbit structure of u near such an isolated degenerate interior singular point of u(⋅,t0). Applications to typical interior separation phenomena in two-dimensional fluid flows are addressed as well.
Influenza and Universal Vaccine Research in China

Influenza viruses usually cause seasonal influenza epidemics and influenza pandemics, resulting in acute respiratory illness and, in severe cases, multiple organ complications and even death, posing a serious global and human health burden. Compared with other countries, China has a large population base and a large number of influenza cases and deaths. Currently, influenza vaccination remains the most cost-effective and efficient way to prevent and control influenza, which can significantly reduce the risk of influenza virus infection and serious complications. The antigenicity of the influenza vaccine exhibits good protective efficacy when matched to the seasonal epidemic strain. However, when influenza viruses undergo rapid and sustained antigenic drift resulting in a mismatch between the vaccine strain and the epidemic strain, the protective effect is greatly reduced. As a result, the flu vaccine must be reformulated and readministered annually, causing a significant drain on human and financial resources. Therefore, the development of a universal influenza vaccine is necessary for the complete fight against the influenza virus. By statistically analyzing cases related to influenza virus infection and death in China in recent years, this paper describes the existing marketed vaccines, vaccine distribution and vaccination in China and summarizes the candidate immunogens designed based on the structure of influenza virus, hoping to provide ideas for the design and development of new influenza vaccines in the future.