Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Branch development in Lupinus angustifolius L. I. Not all branches have the same potential growth rate

Although the basal and uppermost lateral branches of Lupinus angustifolius L. frequently grow and contribute to yield, buds formed in the axils of leaves 6–12 (referred to as middle buds) rarely grow. This may be due to an inherent limitation of these buds, or some form of apical dominance or competition imposed by the plant. The hypothesis that middle buds have the full capacity to grow, but remain suppressed on intact plants was tested. The main stem apex and buds from the axils of leaves 1 and 8 (bud 1 and bud 8) were excised and cultured on sterile agar. The buds were removed from culture and weighed every 2–3 d for 21 d. The growth rate of apices from the main stem was approximately 5.8 mg d−1, compared to 2.4 mg d−1 for bud 1 and 0.9 mg d−1 for bud 8. Buds in the axils of leaves 6–10 on intact plants were painted six times with a synthetic cytokinin, benzylaminopurine, from 40 d after sowing. This promoted rapid elongation and thickening of these buds, visible as early as 5 d after painting began. The rapid growth of these branches was associated with a reduction in the length of the remaining branches on the plant. However, excision of lower branches did not increase the growth of the middle buds. It is concluded that buds 6–12 of Lupinus angustifolius L. have a partial potential to grow. This potential appears to be limited by innate factors in the bud, and may be structural and/or hormonal. The limitation appears to develop very early in the plant, and potential growth is not modified by subsequent nutrition of the plant.
Potassium Hydroxide Improves Seed Germination and Emergence in Five Native Plant Species

The seeds of difficult-to-germinate native species of American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh), angelica (Angelica atropurpurea L.), wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.), wild mint (Mentha arvensis L.), and purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia D.C.), were soaked in 0, 2.5, 5.3, or 7.6 m KOH solutions for 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 minutes. After these treatments, germination was determined at 10 °C with a 14-hour photoperiod in petri dishes and seedling emergence was conducted at 14/10 °C with a 14-hour photoperiod in a sandy loam soil. In general, KOH treatment for only 1 min enhanced germination and seedling emergence. The optimal KOH concentration and soaking time in improving seed germination and seedling emergence varied with species, being 5.3 m and 10 min for purple coneflower, 5.3 m and 5 minutes for wild blueberry, 7.6 m and 5 minutes for angelica, 7.6 m and 1 minute for wild mint, and 5.3-7.6 m and 10 minutes for American licorice, respectively. Prolonged soaking, particularly in high concentrations, reduced germination and emergence.
Annotated Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Kenya (excluding the lacustrine haplochromines from Lake Victoria)

ABSTRACT A checklist of the freshwater fishes of Kenya is presented. Pending more accurate information on their status, the lacustrine Lake Victoria haplochromines have been omitted from the list. Currently 206 species belonging to 38 families are known from Kenyan fresh waters. With at least 50 species, Cyprinidae are by far the largest fish family in the country followed by Cichlidae, Mochokidae, Mormyridae and Characidae, respectively represented by 28, 15, 15 and 12 species. At least 18 fish species were introduced, deliberately or after escaping from fish farms or breeding stations. The list includes the distribution of each species in Kenya, common English names and local names in various African indigenous languages as well as annotations referring to introductions, distribution, taxonomic status of the species and older records from literature.
The use of Agrobacterium for plant improvement.

Xll List of Tables . XVI List of Figures . • . XVlll List of Abreviations . xxxvi Preface . xxxviii
Improving Growth and Productivity of Early-season High-tunnel Tomatoes with Targeted Temperature Additions

In northern climates where the growing season is shortened by cool spring conditions, high tunnels make it possible to plant and produce tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) at least 1 month earlier than in the ﬁeld. However, limited high-tunnel research has been performed in arid high-elevation regions that experience extreme diurnal temperature ﬂuctuations. High tunnels are designed to be passively heated; therefore, additional protection from frost may be warranted if growers wish to plant signiﬁcantly earlier than normal. Low tunnels built within a high tunnel reduce the energy requirement by concentrating heat around the plants, particularly when a heat source is placed inside the low tunnel. ‘Sunbrite’ tomatoes were transplanted through black plastic mulch in four high tunnels in North Logan, 1382 m elevation) on 17 Mar., 30 Mar., and 7 Apr. in 2009 and on 19 Mar., 30 Mar., and 9 Apr. in 2010. Low tunnels were constructed over each row, and three supplemental heat treatments (unheated, soil-warming cables, and soil-warming cables plus 40-W incandescent lights) were tested to improve plant performance. The highest total marketable yield was achieved for earliest planting dates in both 2009 and 2010. In 2009, early- season yield was signiﬁcantly greater when both the soil + air were heated, but only for the earliest planting date. In 2010, soil heat alone and in conjunction with air heat signiﬁcantly improved early-season yield. Information gathered in this study on planting dates, yield, and energy costs provides valuable production and economic information to growers in arid high-elevation climates who
NOTES ON RHOPALOPSOLE KLAPÁLEK (PLECOPTERA: LEUCTRIDAE), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES FROM VIETNAM

Rhopalopsole azun sp. n. , R. minima sp. n. and R. sapa sp. n. are described from specimens collected in Vietnam, and compared to congeners known from the region. An additional unassociated female is described under informal designation, and a new name is provided for the Japanese species R. longicercia Sivec & Shimizu, nomen nudum. A list of Rhopalopsole species known for Vietnam is provided, and a key to males for the known Vietnamese species is presented.
Prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodosis in sheep in Kashmir valley

The present study deals with the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematode infection at an organized sheep breeding farm, Shuhama on the basis of faecal examination of 140 sheep under one year of age and of either sex and 135 at highland pasture (Laderwas, 12000 feet above sea level). The overall percentage of gastro-intestinal nematode infection was found to be 85.00 per cent and 94.07 per cent at the farm and at the highland pasture, respectively. Mixed infection of 4–6 species was commonly observed. Sex of the animals had no significant effect on the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in sheep. The hoggets were comparatively more susceptible than weaners against the gastro-intestinal nematode parasitic infection. Exotic breeds showed higher incidence (64 & 70 and 73.22%) rate than native non-descript breed (35.29 and 26.77%) at farm and highland pasture, respectively. Nematodirus species was the most common parasite found in sheep at farm (89.07%) and infection Haemonchus sp. was recorded highest at highland pasture in sheep (92.07%) followed by Marshallagia sp. (72.59%). Other parasites found were Trichostrongylus sp. , Strongyloid papillosus, Trichurisovis, Oesophagostomum, Chabertia, Ostertagia and Bunostomum sp.
Disentangling Female Mate Choice and Male Competition in the Rainbow Darter, Etheostoma caeruleum

Abstract Sexual selection via female choice is assumed to be common in darters despite few studies demonstrating the phenomenon. This study examines the breeding behaviors of the rainbow darter, Etheostoma caeruleum, and addresses the following four questions: Do females exhibit mating preferences? Which behavioral variables are good measures of female mating preferences? Which male behaviors are used in the context of mating? How do female choice and male competition affect mating success? In dichotomous choice tests, where females could choose between males from two different populations, females performed a precopulatory behavior (nosedigs) significantly more often in front of males from Prairieville Creek than they did in front of males from Seven Mile Creek. However, no pattern of choice was detected when preference was measured as the amount of time spent associated with each male. When the animals were allowed to interact freely, males competed aggressively over the female by chasing and attacking each other. Group spawns occurred where two males mated simultaneously with the female. Male spawning success was positively correlated with male guarding ability (the ability to prevent a competing male from coming between himself and the female). However, there were no significant correlations between overt aggression (chases and attacks) and male spawning success or between female preference (measured in dichotomous choice tests) and male spawning success. Male interactions, in the form of guarding, appear to play a larger role in determining male mating success than does female choice.
Germination of Various Weed Species in Response to Vetiver Oil and Nootkatone1

Germination experiments were conducted in petri dishes to test the effect of vetiver oil and one of its minor components, nootkatone, on six common weed species. Vetiver oil inhibited germination of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, giant ragweed, pitted morningglory, and velvetleaf. Nootkatone, at much higher concentrations than it occurs in the oil, exhibited germination inhibition for all weed species except velvetleaf. Redroot pigweed was the most sensitive species with germination inhibition at 0.1 to 1.0 mg/ml of vetiver oil and nootkatone. At 1.0 to 8.0 mg/ml, nootkatone reduced germination of giant ragweed by 24 to 92%, whereas vetiver oil reduced the germination only by 6 to 11%. Vetiver oil and nootkatone also inhibited seedling expansion of redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters. No significant inhibition of germination and seedling expansion was found for sicklepod. These laboratory studies provide preliminary evidence that nootkatone and vetiver oil may have use as herbicides. Nomenclature: Nootkatone, 5,6 dimethyl-8-isopropenylbicyclo[4.4. 0]dec-1-en-3-one; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. #3 CHEAL; giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. # AMBTR; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. # IPOLA; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMARE; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barnaby # CASOB; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus # ABUTH. Additional index words: Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia trifida, Chenopodium album, essential oil, herbicidal activity, sesquiterpene. Abbreviations: I50, concentration required to inhibit 50% of seed germination.
Potential use of the sea lettuce Ulva lactuca replacing soybean meal in the diet of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon juvenile.

The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Philippine Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Development (PCAARD) for the funding and scholarship provided. They also wish to thank the UPV Office of the Research and Extension for (OVCRE) for the additional funding and publication support.
Seasonal effects of the water quality in ponds on nutritive potential and digestibility of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in natural feeding condition (Mali, West Africa)

The effects of the water quality on food and nutritional characteristics of stomach contents of Oreochromis niloticus in semi-intensive aquaculture ponds were investigated in dry and rainy seasons. Nutrient concentrations mainly ammonium and orthophosphates in water presented significant seasonal variation. The chemical composition of the total suspended solids, the main trophic source in pond is characterized by a high proportion of mineral (89%) during the two seasons. This is reflected in the low quality of food ingested by fish: the indigestible materials (fiber and minerals) represented 70 and 61% of the diet in the dry and rainy season, respectively. Seasonal variation was not observed in the digestibility of the dietary organic matters (ash free dry matters, AFDW) and total amino acids (TAA). Analysis of these results showed that anthropogenic factors, including fertilizer application and changes in environmental conditions have affected enormously the quality of fish food and the productivity of these ponds. Key words: Seasonal changes, water quality, semi-intensive aquaculture, Nile tilapia, food quality, Mali.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Fungal Leaf Endophytes Associated with Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.

bioactive natural products. Our research study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate biological activities of endophytic fungi associated with the leaves of Pandanus amaryllifolius. Fungi were isolated after surface-sterilization of mature leaves of P. amaryllifolius collected from Nueva Vizcaya and Manila, Philippines. TwentyF eight (28) morphospecies were isolated and identified as species belonging to the genera Colletotrichum, Chaetomium, Diaporthe,Glomerella, Guignardia, Lasiodiplodia, Lulworthia, Phoma, Phyllosticta, Trichoderma, and Truncatella. Selected fungal isolates were cultured in Potato Dextrose Broth for 3 weeks for the production of secondary metabolites. Extraction with ethyl acetate produced crude culture extracts which were observed to contain phenolics and sterols when subjected to thin layer chromatography. Bioassay of the crude extracts showed antimicrobial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay method and against Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli, and Gordonia terrae using the paper disk diffusion method. Crude culture extracts of Colletotrichum spp. , Glomerella sp. , and Chaetomium sp. showed the highest inhibitory activities against the test bacteria. Antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay also showed radical scavenging activity (16-37%) of the phenolic compounds from the crude culture extracts.
Phylogenetic Relationship of Four Ficus Species Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers

Characterization of plants using m olecular markers is an i deal approach f or i mprovement and conservation of p lant genetic resources. R andom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) a nd inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular fingerprinting markers were employed as genetic mar kers for t he assay of the genet ic rel ationship of four Ficus cultivars namely, benjamina, hawaii, stipulata and nitida. In RAPD analysis, 10 selected primers displayed a total of 340 amplified fragments, in which 212 (62.4%) were polymorphic fragments. The number of polymorphic bands scored per primer ranged from 6 (primer Z20) to 38 (primer Z18). Sixty-two out of 340 RAPD-PCR fragments were found to be useful as cultivar- specific m arkers. The l argest number of RAPD-PCR markers was scored for FB (21 markers), while t he lowest (11 markers) was scored f or FH and FS. In the meantime, the largest number of RAPD-PCR cultivar-specific markers was generated by primer Z11 (9 markers), while the lowest number of RAPD- PCR s pecific markers (3 ma rkers) was generated by primer Z06. In ISSR analysis, 11 of the tested ISSR primers generated variable banding patterns. A total of 179 out of 299 ISSR fragments were polymorphic. Fifty DNA amplified fragments were considered as cultivar-specific m arkers. Genetic si milarities amo ng the f our Ficus cultivars were estimated according to the RAPD and I SSR data. Cultivars distribution on the consensus tree according to the banding patterns of RAPD differed from that based on ISSR. This may be due to t he possibility that each technique of amplified di fferent parts of the genome. Therefore, it was better to use the combination of the banding patterns o f t he two technique in order to use more segments sites of the genome that increase the validity of the consensus tree. Results of the combined data exhibited that the most two closely related cultivars were FH a nd FS with the highest similarity index (0.618). On the other hand, the two most distantly related cultivars were FS and FN with low similarity index (0.387). In conclusion, RAPD and I SSR polymorphisms could be used as efficient tools for the detection of similarities and phylogenetic relationships of the studied genotypes, which could be useful in the breeding programs.
Nutritional status of elderly patients living in Budapest

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of elderly belonging to one primary care office. Twenty-seven men and 26 women, all over 60 years, were involved. Nutritional assessment, anthropometric measurements were performed, serum proteins, lipid and iron status and haematological parameters were determined. Energy and protein intake was sufficient, but the distribution of energy with a high fat and low carbohydrate was inadequate. Iron, copper, calcium, retinol and folate intake was lower, whereas sodium, ascorbic acid and cobalamin intake was higher than the Hungarian recommendation. The prevalence of obesity characterized by body mass index or waist circumference was higher in women than in men. The percentage of pathological levels of lipid parameters was also higher in women. No iron deficient erythropoesis was detected, but high serum ferritin concentration as a marker of body iron store was determined in some cases. General practitioners have possibilities to influence the nutritional habits of elderly, thereby reducing the incidence of obesity, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Iron status of Hungarian elderly looks to be satisfactory, so supplementation without testing the iron status would be useless and harmful.
Rearing of larvae of Anopheles stephensi, using water replacement, purification and automated feeding

For rearing progenies of single females of Anopheles stephensi (Liston) (Diptera: Culicidae), a method is proposed using small trays with perforated side walls (called open trays) to allow for water replacement and purification using an aquatic plant Vallisneria spiralis. The performance of this method has been compared with that of rearing single progenies in trays without mesh side walls (closed trays). Effects of larval density and food quantity on rearing performance have been studied in both types of trays. In open trays the larvae developed about 2 days faster than in closed trays. Male larvae developed significantly faster (0.4 days) than females, but this difference was not significantly influenced by method of rearing or larval density. Adults from fast developing larvae were heavier than those emerging from slowly developing larvae from a single egg batch. Open trays gave higher larval survival than closed trays. A system has been developed to automatize larval feeding.
Effects of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius and Cd on physiological properties and Cd uptake by hybrid poplar Populus alba × glandulosa

The effects of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius and cadmium (Cd) on physiological properties and Cd uptake by Populus alba × glandulosa was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Cd treatment decreased the photosynthetic rate (P N ) of both non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants (16.3%) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants (11.5%). In addition, the reduction in total dry weight by Cd treatment was greater in ECM plants (24.3%) than that in NM plants (17.6%). Mycorrhizal infection increased the P N and transpiration rate in both control and Cd-treated plants. Cd treatment increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased glutathione reductase activity, and the increase of SOD activity by Cd treatment was greater in NM plants (40.3%) than that in ECM plants (3.7%). Thiol content increased in both NM and ECM plants treated with Cd solution, and the increase in thiol content in NM plants (43.9%) was greater than that of ECM plants (15.6%). Cd uptake in the leaves, stems, and roots of ECM plants was 69.9%, 167.2% and 72.8%, respectively, higher than in the NM plants. However, the increase in Cd uptake ability of ECM plants resulted in a reduction in dry weight.
Growth stage, auxin type, and concentration influence rooting of stem cuttings of Fraser fir

Seven concentrations of IBA and seven concentrations of NAA plus a nonauxin control were tested over three growth stages to determine their effectiveness in promoting adventitious root formation on stem cuttings taken from 3- and 4-year-old stock plants of Fraser fi r (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. ). Cuttings were prepared in March (hardwood), June (softwood), or November (semi-hardwood) 2001, treated with auxin concentrations ranging from 0 to 64 mM, and placed under mist. Rooting percentage, percent mortality, number of primary roots, total root length, root system symmetry, and root angle were recorded after 16 weeks. Growth stage and auxin concentration signifi cantly affected every rooting trait except root angle. NAA signifi cantly increased the number of primary roots and total root length. However, auxin type did not signifi cantly affect rooting percentage or percent mortality. The highest rooting percentages (99%) occurred when softwood cuttings were treated with 5 mM auxin, however, semi-hardwood cuttings also rooted at high percentages (90%) and had no mortality when treated with 14 mM auxin. Regard- less of auxin type, the number of primary roots and total root length varied in similar patterns across concentration, although, NAA tended to induce a greater response. To root Fraser fi r stem cuttings collected from 3- and 4-year-old stock plants, it is recom- mended that a concentration of 5 mM NAA should be used on softwood cuttings and 14 mM IBA on semi-hardwood cuttings. Chemical names used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Early rooting research for Fraser fi r utilized hardwood cuttings collected from dormant stock plants. Hardwood cuttings rooted at the highest percentages following a 1-3 s dip of the basal 2 cm of the cuttings in 25 mM indole- 3-butyric acid (IBA) (Hinesley and Blazich, 1980; 1981). Although hardwood cuttings did
GROWTH RESPONSE, CARCASS QUALITY AND ORGANOLEPTIC ASSESSMENT OF BROILER CHICKENS FED Ocimum gratissimum L. SUPPLEMENTED DIETS.

The effect of feeding Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf meal) supplemented diets on growth, carcass quality and organoleptic properties of broiler chickens was investigated using seventytwo Anak broilers in a 56 day feeding trial. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 % and 2.0 % scent leaf meal (SLM) and designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. These diets were randomly assigned to four groups of 18 chicks; each replicated 3 times to give 6 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Data were collected on feed intake, weight gain and was used to calculate other growth performance parameters. The results show that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in feed intake and body weight gain. There was significant difference (P 0.05) dressing percentage (81.55%). There was higher and significant (P<0.05) perception of flavor, juiciness and general acceptability of broiler meat by panelist as O. gratissimum inclusion in diets increased. It can be concluded that birds fed T2 gave better results and can be recommended to achieve better feed conversion ratio, cost of feed per Kg weight gain, carcass quality and organoleptic properties.