Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Boosting computer‐aided design pedagogy using  interactive self‐assessment graphical tools

Computer‐aided design (CAD) tools are essential for any engineer and, thus, many researchers have focused on developing the most suitable method for acquiring CAD competences. In recent years, efforts have been devoted to designing new, innovative and helpful methodologies to improve the CAD pedagogy. The presented research aims at showing the advantages of integrating interactive self‐assessment tools into CAD learning methodologies, such as problem‐based learning (PBL). One hundred and ninety‐one first‐year Mechanical Engineering students participated in the research. They were evenly and randomly divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. Students belonging to the control group made use of PBL. The experimental group made use of PBL and a new interactive tool, called TrainCAD, that allows the self‐assessment of 2D‐CAD models designed in AutoCAD. The presented results show that experimental group students have considerably improved their academic performance and increased their motivation on the subject. Therefore, the combination of the two proposed approaches seems to be useful for helping students during the CAD learning process. On the other hand, gender was also a factor that has been analysed, to discern whether it influences the proposed academic learning process (based on the applied CAD pedagogy), concluding that there is no significant influence.
Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles using Piper chaudocanum L. Leaf Extract: Characterization and its Application in Pb (II) Adsorption

In this study, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were green synthesized using Piper chaudocanum L. (PC) leaf extract by sol-gel method and used as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet - visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Brunauer - Emmet - Teller (BET). The results revealed high purity and wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO NPs in the size range of 28-37 nm. The morphology of the ZnO NPs varies in different polycrystalline aggregates depending on the amount of extract used, from nanorods to NPs clusters with a BET surface area of 8.56 m2g-1. Pb (II) ion adsorption was investigated at different pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature. ZnO NPs were synthesized using 30 mL PC leaf extract (ZS30) is the best Pb (II) absorbent. The adsorption isotherm was well described by Langmuir (at low concentration of Pb (II)) and Freundlich isotherm model (at higher concentration of Pb (II)). The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic with a high regression coefficient. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔGo (between - 8.699 and - 7.569 kJ/mol at 298 - 316 K), ∆Ho (-20.085 kJ/mol) showed that the adsorption of Pb (II) on ZS30 surface was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic, respectively. The first layer absorption is chemisorption while the next layers are physical adsorption.
Relationship between Upper and Lower Body Strength and Basketball Shooting Performance

Strength is one of the key physiological performance attributes related to optimal on-court basketball performance. However, there is a lack of scientific literature studying how strength relates to shooting proficiency, as a key basketball skill capable of discriminating winning from losing game outcomes. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between maximal upper and lower body strength and free-throw, two-point, and three-point shooting accuracy. Ten males and seven females performed bench press and back squat one repetition maximum (1RM) and basketball shooting testing during two laboratory visits. The shooting protocol consisted of five sets of 15 free-throw, two-point, and three-point shots performed in sequential order. Each set was separated by a 30 min rest interval to minimize the influence of fatigue. Each subject attempted 225 shots, combining for a total of 3825 shots. The average free-throw, two-point, and three-point shooting accuracy for men were 74.5 ± 11.9, 68.4 ± 9.9, and 53.3 ± 14.9%, and for women 79.2 ± 11.2, 65.5 ± 8.4, and 51.2 ± 15.3%, respectively. The average bench press and back squat 1RM for men was 88.2 ± 18.6 and 117.0 ± 21.2 kg, and for women, 40.6 ± 7.5 and 66.9 ± 9.9 kg, respectively. The findings of the present study revealed no significant relationships between maximal upper and lower body strength and basketball shooting performance for both male and female participants. Neither bench press nor back squat 1RM was a good predictor of free-throw, two-point, and three-point shooting performance.
Flatwise compression behavior of 3D woven honeycomb composites

Honeycomb being a cellular solid is a well-known core in sandwich structure and is considered an ideal structural material because of its high strength and shear stiffness, high impact strength, lower weight, excellent energy absorbing property, high crushing stress, and almost constant crushing force. In this study, 3D woven honeycomb structures were developed with different cell geometry by varying the cell size, free wall length, bonded wall length, opening angle, and the number of honeycomb layers keeping overall composite thickness and cell shape constant. The variation of cell geometry was carried out by changing the number of picks in the honeycomb wall. Composite samples were prepared from the honeycomb preforms with epoxy resin (matrix) using VARIM (vacuum-assisted resin infusion method) process and characterized for their flatwise compression behavior. It was found that the structural parameters influenced compression energy absorption. The results revealed that regular cell shape, smaller cell size, and higher number of layers of honeycomb composites exhibited higher specific energy absorption. These findings are useful in engineering design development and applications of 3D honeycomb composites.
Replica Symmetry and Combinatorial Optimization

We establish the soundness of the replica symmetric ansatz in- troduced by M. Mezard and G. Parisi for minimum matching and the traveling salesman problem in the pseudo-dimension d mean field model for d � 1. The case d = 1 of minimum matching corresponds to the � 2 /6-limit for the assignment problem established by D. Aldous in 2001, and the analogous limit for the d = 1 case of TSP was recently obtained by the author with a different method. We introduce a game-theoretical framework by which we prove the correctness of the replica-cavity prediction of the corresponding limits also for d > 1.
Application of a two-dimensional parabolic computer program to prediction of turbulent reacting flows

The capabilities of a computer program are explored, and computed results are compared with data. The comparisons are restricted to two-dimensional flows. Subsonic and supersonic flows, ducted and nonducted, reacting and nonreacting, are considered. An evaluation of models used for turbulence and chemical reaction was included. Constants in the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, turbulence model, which produces mixing in good agreement with data, are the same for all calculations. Experimental data are reported for coaxial injection at matched pressure (1 atm or 101.3 kPa) of a cold, Mach 2, hydrogen jet into a hot, Mach 2, vitiated airstream. Profiles of pitot pressure and gas composition obtained from water cooled probes are reported and compared with theoretical results.
A Systematic Review of Omega-3 Consumption and Neuroprotective Cognitive Outcomes

Context While a great deal of interest has been accorded to the cognitive effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs), there is a need for systematic review data that assess this outcome across the lifespan, accounting for population differences and highlighting methodological limitations of extant studies. Objective This systematic review addresses the effects of n-3s on human cognition and provides an overview on the current state of research and recommendations for future efforts. Data Sources Based on a thorough review of highly powered articles from PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and ProQuest Central, the authors evaluated articles published between 2000 and 2020 assessing LC PUFA status on cognition as a primary outcome measure. Using the PRISMA guidelines, the researchers’ primary aim was to provide a comprehensive overview of the articles. Conclusions The results indicate inconsistent effects of intervention, with benefits for specific groups on specific outcomes. Although results were rarely definitive across cognitive domains, and the majority of studies indicated the presence of a possible threshold effect in which LC PUFA needs were already being met, and supplementation did not have an additional effect, there is evidence for trends towards benefit in cognitive functions, in those experiencing early cognitive decline.
Extended Radio Continuum Emission Associated with V645 Cyg and MWC 1080

Les observations VLA des etoiles jeunes R Mon V645 Cyg et MWC 1080 sont presentees. L'emission de continuum est analysee. Un modele de choc-ionise est developpe afin de determiner les limites du taux de perte de masse du vent et de la vitesse pour l'ecoulement moleculaire
Arithmétique des ordinateurs

L'objet de ce livre est de presenter les divers systemes de notation des nombres et les diverses methodes utilisees par les machines scientifiques pour effectuer les operations arithmetiques usuelles (addition, soustraction, multiplication, division) et pour calculer les principales fonctions mathematiques (sinus, logarithme, exponentielle, racine carree, ec.)
CLOUD–CLOUD COLLISION AS A TRIGGER OF THE HIGH-MASS STAR FORMATION: A MOLECULAR LINE STUDY IN RCW 120

RCW 120 is a Galactic H ii region that has a beautiful ring shape that is bright in the infrared. Our new CO J = 1–0 and J = 3–2 observations performed with the NANTEN2, Mopra, and ASTE telescopes have revealed that two molecular clouds with a velocity separation of 20 km s−1 are both physically associated with RCW 120. The cloud at −8 km s−1 apparently traces the infrared ring, while the other cloud at −28 km s−1 is distributed just outside the opening of the infrared ring, interacting with the H ii region as suggested by the high kinetic temperature of the molecular gas and by the complementary distribution with the ionized gas. A spherically expanding shell driven by the H ii region is usually considered to be the origin of the observed ring structure in RCW 120. Our observations, however, indicate no evidence of the expanding motion in the velocity space, which is inconsistent with the expanding shell model. We postulate an alternative that, by applying the model introduced by Habe & Ohta, the exciting O star in RCW 120 was formed by a collision between the present two clouds at a collision velocity of ∼30 km s−1. In the model, the observed infrared ring can be interpreted as the cavity created in the larger cloud by the collision, whose inner surface is illuminated by the strong ultraviolet radiation after the birth of the O star. We discuss that the present cloud–cloud collision scenario explains the observed signatures of RCW 120, i.e., its ring morphology, coexistence of the two clouds and their large velocity separation, and absence of the expanding motion.
Overcoming the liability of foreignness in US capital markets: the case of Alibaba and Coupang

ABSTRACT Drawing on signalling theory and using the cases of Alibaba and Coupang, we investigate whether and how venture capital-backed companies from emerging markets use CSR to overcome the liability of foreignness when going public in the US. Our findings suggest that such firms strategically increase their CSR activities prior to their IPO in order to signal legitimacy to investors. They also suggest that firms with both strong and weak CSR signalling strategies (as measured by signal cost, frequency and consistency) are equally likely to have successful IPOs when they are backed by reputable venture capital firms.
Effects of Acute Ashwagandha Ingestion on Cognitive Function

Background: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) has been reported to decrease perceptions of stress, enhance mood, and improve cognitive function. However, it is currently unknown whether acute ashwagandha supplementation affects memory and cognitive function. This study evaluated the effects of acute ashwagandha extract ingestion on executive function. Materials and Methods: 13 healthy volunteers were administered the Berg–Wisconsin Card Sorting (BCST), Go/No-Go (GNG), Sternberg Task (STT), and Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVTT) tests. Participants then ingested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover manner 400 mg of a placebo (PLA) or ashwagandha (ASH) extract (NooGandha®, Specnova Inc., Boca Raton, FL, USA). Participants then performed cognitive function tests every hour for 6 h. After a 4-day washout period, volunteers repeated the experiment while receiving the remaining supplement. Data were analyzed by repeated measures General Linear Model multivariate and univariate statistics with body weight as a covariate. Results: Acute ASH supplementation increased STT-determined working memory as demonstrated by an improvement in 6 letter length, Present Reaction Time at 3 and 6 h. PVTT analysis revealed that ASH sustained attention by helping maintain reaction times, preventing mental fatigue, and remaining vigilant. Conversely, reaction times (at task 20, hour 6; overall, hour 3) increased with PLA. In the BCST, there was evidence that ASH increased the ability to recognize and ‘shift’ to a new rule compared with baseline. However, this was not seen when evaluating changes from baseline, suggesting that differences in baseline values influence results. In the GNG test, ASH ingestion promoted faster response times to respond correctly than PLA, indicating less metal fatigue. However, ASH did not affect accuracy compared to PLA, as both treatments decreased the percentage of correct answers. Conclusions: Acute supplementation with 400 mg of ashwagandha improved selected measures of executive function, helped sustain attention, and increased short-term/working memory.
Cumulative Risk Meets Inter-Individual Variability: Probabilistic Concentration Addition of Complex Mixture Exposures in a Population-Based Human In Vitro Model

Although humans are continuously exposed to complex chemical mixtures in the environment, it has been extremely challenging to investigate the resulting cumulative risks and impacts. Recent studies proposed the use of “new approach methods,” in particular in vitro assays, for hazard and dose–response evaluation of mixtures. We previously found, using five human cell-based assays, that concentration addition (CA), the usual default approach to calculate cumulative risk, is mostly accurate to within an order of magnitude. Here, we extend these findings to further investigate how cell-based data can be used to quantify inter-individual variability in CA. Utilizing data from testing 42 Superfund priority chemicals separately and in 8 defined mixtures in a human cell-based population-wide in vitro model, we applied CA to predict effective concentrations for cytotoxicity for each individual, for “typical” (median) and “sensitive” (first percentile) members of the population, and for the median-to-sensitive individual ratio (defined as the toxicodynamic variability factor, TDVF). We quantified the accuracy of CA with the Loewe Additivity Index (LAI). We found that LAI varies more between different mixtures than between different individuals, and that predictions of the population median are generally more accurate than predictions for the “sensitive” individual or the TDVF. Moreover, LAI values were generally <1, indicating that the mixtures were more potent than predicted by CA. Together with our previous studies, we posit that new approach methods data from human cell-based in vitro assays, including multiple phenotypes in diverse cell types and studies in a population-wide model, can fill critical data gaps in cumulative risk assessment, but more sophisticated models of in vitro mixture additivity and bioavailability may be needed. In the meantime, because simple CA models may underestimate potency by an order of magnitude or more, either whole-mixture testing in vitro or, alternatively, more stringent benchmarks of cumulative risk indices (e.g., lower hazard index) may be needed to ensure public health protection.
A Haar wavelets based approximation for nonlinear inverse problems influenced by unknown heat source

In this discussion, a new numerical algorithm focused on the Haar wavelet is used to solve linear and nonlinear inverse problems with unknown heat source. The heat source is dependent on time and space variables. These types of inverse problems are ill‐posed and are challenging to solve accurately. The linearization technique converted the nonlinear problem into simple nonhomogeneous partial differential equation. In this Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM), the time part is discretized by using finite difference approximation, and space variables are handled by Haar series approximation. The main contribution of the proposed method is transforming this ill‐posed problem into well‐conditioned algebraic equation with the help of Haar functions, and hence, there is no need to implement any sort of regularization technique. The results of numerical method are efficient and stable for this ill‐posed problems containing different noisy levels. We have utilized the proposed method on several numerical examples and have valuable efficiency and accuracy.
Proteasome Inhibitors and Their Potential Applicability in Osteosarcoma Treatment

Simple Summary Bone cancer has seen minimal benefits in therapeutic options in the past 30 years. Proteasome inhibitors present a new avenue of research for the treatment of bone cancer. Proteasome inhibitors impair the function of the proteasome, a structure within the cell that removes unwanted and misfolded proteins. Bone cancer cells heavily rely on the proteasome to properly function and survive. Impairing the proteasome function can have detrimental consequences and lead to cell death. This review provides a thorough summary of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research that has explored proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of bone cancer. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of bone cancer, with ~30% of patients developing secondary/metastatic tumors. The molecular complexity of tumor metastasis and the lack of effective therapies for OS has cultivated interest in exploiting the proteasome as a molecular target for anti-cancer therapy. As our understanding towards the behavior of malignant cells expands, it is evident that cancerous cells display a greater reliance on the proteasome to maintain homeostasis and sustain efficient biological activities. This led to the development and approval of first- and second-generation proteasome inhibitors (PIs), which have improved outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Researchers have since postulated the therapeutic potential of PIs for the treatment of OS. As such, this review aims to summarize the biological effects and latest findings from clinical trials investigating PI-based treatments for OS. Integrating PIs into current treatment regimens may better outcomes for patients diagnosed with OS.
Microstructural Randomness and Scaling in Mechanics of Materials

PREFACE BASIC RANDOM MEDIA MODELS Probability Measure of Geometric Objects Basic Point Fields Directional Data Random Fibers, Random Line Fields, Tessellations Basic Concepts and Definitions of Random Microstructures RANDOM PROCESSES AND FIELDS Elements of One-Dimensional Random Fields Mechanics Problems on One-Dimensional Random Fields Elements of Two- and Three-Dimensional Random Fields Mechanics Problems on Two- and Three-Dimensional Random Fields Ergodicity The Maximum Entropy Method PLANAR LATTICE MODELS: PERIODIC TOPOLOGIES AND ELASTOSTATICS One-Dimensional Lattices Planar Lattices: Classical Continua Applications in Mechanics of Composites Planar Lattices: Nonclassical Continua Extension-Twist Coupling in a Helix LATTICE MODELS: RIGIDITY, RANDOMNESS, DYNAMICS, AND OPTIMALITY Rigidity of Networks Spring Network Models for Disordered Topologies Particle Models Michell Trusses: Optimal Use of Material TWO- VERSUS THREE-DIMENSIONAL CLASSICAL ELASTICITY Basic Relations The CLM Result and Stress Invariance Poroelasticity TWO- VERSUS THREE-DIMENSIONAL MICROPOLAR ELASTICITY Micropolar Elastic Continua Classical vis-a-vis Nonclassical (Elasticity) Models Planar Cosserat Elasticity The CLM Result and Stress Invariance Effective Micropolar Moduli and Characteristic Lengths of Composites MESOSCALE BOUNDS FOR LINEAR ELASTIC MICROSTRUCTURES Micro-, Meso-, and Macroscales Volume Averaging Spatial Randomness Hierarchies of Mesoscale Bounds Examples of Hierarchies of Mesoscale Bounds Moduli of Trabecular Bone RANDOM FIELD MODELS AND STOCHASTIC FINITE ELEMENTS Mesoscale Random Fields Second-Order Properties of Mesoscale Random Fields Does There Exist a Locally Isotropic, Smooth Elastic Material? Stochastic Finite Elements for Elastic Media Method of Slip-Lines for Inhomogeneous Plastic Media Michell Trusses in the Presence of Random Microstructure HIERARCHIES OF MESOSCALE BOUNDS FOR NONLINEAR AND INELASTIC MICROSTRUCTURES Physically Nonlinear Elastic Microstructures Finite Elasticity of Random Composites Elastic-Plastic Microstructures Rigid-Perfectly Plastic Microstructures Viscoelastic Microstructures Stokes Flow in Porous Media Thermoelastic Microstructures Scaling and Stochastic Evolution in Damage Phenomena Comparison of Scaling Trends MESOSCALE RESPONSE IN THERMOMECHANICS OF RANDOM MEDIA From Statistical Mechanics to Continuum Thermodynamics Extensions of the Hill Condition Legendre Transformations in (Thermo)Elasticity Thermodynamic Orthogonality on the Mesoscale Complex versus Compound Processes: The Scaling Viewpoint Toward Continuum Mechanics of Fractal Media WAVES AND WAVEFRONTS IN RANDOM MEDIA Basic Methods in Stochastic Wave Propagation Toward Spectral Finite Elements for Random Media Waves in Random 1D Composites Transient Waves in Heterogeneous Nonlinear Media Acceleration Wavefronts in Nonlinear Media BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
A frequency approach to identifying asteroid families - II. Families interacting with nonlinear secular resonances and low-order mean-motion resonances

Aims. In an earlier paper we introduced a new method for determining asteroid families where families were identified in the proper frequency domain (n, g, g + s) (where n is the mean-motion, and g and s are the secular frequencies of the longitude of pericenter and nodes, respectively), rather than in the proper element domain (a, e, sin(i)) (semi-major axis, eccentricity, and inclination). Here we improve our techniques for reliably identifying members of families that interact with nonlinear secular resonances of argument other than g or g + s and for asteroids near or in mean-motion resonant configurations. Methods. We introduce several new distance metrics in the frequency space optimal for determining the diffusion in secular resonances of argument 2g - s, 3g - s, g - s, s, and 2s. We also regularize the dependence of the g frequency as a function of the n frequency (Vesta family) or of the eccentricity e (Hansa family). Results. Our new approaches allow us to recognize as family members objects that were lost with previous methods, while keeping the advantages of the Carruba & Michtchenko (2007, A&A, 475, 1145) approach. More important, an analysis in the frequency domain permits a deeper understanding of the dynamical evolution of asteroid families not always obtainable with an analysis in the proper element domain.