Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal timing of interictal FDG‐PET for epilepsy surgery: A systematic review on time since last seizure

Interictal 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is used in the workup for epilepsy surgery when MRI and EEG video monitoring are not conclusive. Timing of FDG‐PET is crucial to avoid the metabolically dynamic (post)ictal state that complicates interpretation, but the exact time window is unclear. We performed a systematic review to provide an evidence‐based recommendation for the minimal time interval between last seizure and FDG‐PET acquisition. We searched PubMed and Embase for articles on the effect of time since last seizure on FDG‐PET outcome. Quality assessment was conducted with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Cohort Study Checklist. We identified five studies. Three studies were classified as of low to moderate quality, mainly due to undocumented data or insufficient statistical measurements. Two high‐quality studies included only adults with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). The metabolic interictal phase is 24 or 48 hours after the last seizure, depending on seizure type. The recommendation is based on the best available evidence from two small study populations for TLE. If clinically possible, interictal FDG‐PET in adults should be performed at least 24 hours after focal aware seizures and 48 hours after focal impaired awareness and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures.
Codes and Decoding on General Graphs

Iterative decoding techniques have become a viable alternative for constructing high performance coding systems. In particular, the recent success of turbo codes indicates that performance close to the Shannon limit may be achieved. In this thesis, it is showed that many iterative decoding algorithms are special cases of two generic algorithms, the min-sum and sum-product algorithms, which also include non-iterative algorithms such as Viterbi decoding. The min-sum and sum-product algorithms are developed and presented as generalized trellis algorithms, where the time axis of the trellis is replaced by an arbitrary graph, the “Tanner graph”. With cycle-free Tanner graphs, the resulting decoding algorithms (e.g., Viterbi decoding) are maximum-likelihood but suffer from an exponentially increasing complexity. Iterative decoding occurs when the Tanner graph has cycles (e.g., turbo codes); the resulting algorithms are in general suboptimal, but significant complexity reductions are possible compared to the cycle-free case. Several performance estimates for iterative decoding are developed, including a generalization of the union bound used with Viterbi decoding and a characterization of errors that are uncorrectable after infinitely many decoding iterations.
Balanced metrics on non-Kahler Calabi-Yau threefolds

We construct balanced metrics on the family of non-K\"ahler Calabi-Yau threefolds that are obtained by smoothing after contracting $(-1,-1)$-rational curves on K\"ahler Calabi-Yau threefold. As an application, we construct balanced metrics on complex manifolds diffeomorphic to connected sum of $k\geq 2$ copies of $S^3\times S^3$.
The Effects of a Goal-setting Intervention on Frequency of Participation in Organized Exercise Programmes for Women

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a goal-setting intervention on frequency of participation in women attending exercise programmes in a fitness club. Study Design: Pragmatic Field Intervention. Place and Duration of Study: The intervention was implemented in a private fitness club and the duration of the study was 12 weeks. Methodology: The final sample consisted of 36 women (Mage = 38.13, SD= 7.40), randomly assigned into intervention (n= 17) and control (n= 19) groups. The intervention lasted eight weeks, during which all participants had unlimited access to all activities of their choice, with the intervention group receiving in parallel a goal-setting intervention. Frequency of attendance was recorded from four weeks prior to the onset of the intervention (baseline) until 4 weeks following its completion (follow-up). The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale was used to assess satisfaction of basic needs before and after the intervention. Results: The results showed that (a) for the intervention group, frequency of participation increased from baseline (2.15±0.90) to mid-intervention (2.66±0.70) period and dropped back to baseline levels at follow-up (1.77+1.30); (b) for the control group, frequency of participation decreased from baseline (2.07±0.99) to intervention (1.37±0.94) period and remained stable at follow-up (1.47±1.42). Regarding the basic needs, it was shown that satisfaction for the need for competence was increased for the experimental group, and satisfaction for the need for autonomy was decreased for the control group. Conclusion: The findings showed that goal-setting has positive effects on participation for the duration of the intervention; however, these effects were not sustained after its conclusion, suggesting (a) consultants with expertise on goal-setting may help improving adherence in organized programmes, and (b) that such interventions should place emphasis on developing individuals’ skills on goal setting.
Differential Expression of CD45RO and CD45RA in Bovine T Cells

Effective vaccination induces immune memory to protect animals upon pathogen re-encounter. Despite contradictory reports, bovine memory T cells are identified based on two isoforms of CD45, expression of CD45RO plus exclusion of CD45RA. In this report, we contrasted CD45RA/RO expression on circulatory T cells with IFNγ and IL4 expression induced by a conventional method. To our surprise, 20% of cattle from an enclosed herd did not express CD45RO on T cells without any significant difference on CD45RA expression and IFNγ or IL4 induction. In CD45RO expressing cattle, CD45RA and CD45RO expressions excluded each other, with dominant CD45RO (>90%) expression on gamma delta (γδ) followed by CD4+ (60%) but significantly higher CD45RA expression on CD8+ T cells (about 80%). Importantly, more than 80% of CD45RO expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells failed to produce IFNγ and IL-4; however, within the cytokine inducing cells, CD4+ T cells highly expressed CD45RO but those within CD8+ T cells mostly expressed CD45RA. Hence, CD45RO is not ubiquitously expressed in cattle, and rather than with memory phenotype, CD45RA/RO expression are more associated with distinct T cell subtypes.
Variational calculus with constraints on general algebroids

Variational calculus on a vector bundle E equipped with a structure of a general algebroid is developed, together with the corresponding analogs of Euler–Lagrange equations. Constrained systems are introduced in the variational and geometrical settings. The constrained Euler–Lagrange equations are derived for analogs of holonomic, vakonomic and nonholonomic constraints. This general model covers the majority of first-order Lagrangian systems which are present in the literature and reduces to the standard variational calculus and the Euler–Lagrange equations in classical mechanics for E = TM.
Prediction of land use land cover changes of a river basin using the CA-Markov model

Abstract Simulation and prediction of land use land cover (LULC) has been presented using Hybrid CA-Markov model for the Mahi River basin. LULC information for the year 2000, 2010, and 2020 have been obtained from classification of Landsat TM, IRS -LISS III, and Sentinel 2 sensors, respectively. Fuzzy membership function and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), a Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) have been used for LULC change suitability map preparation. Population density, distance from road, settlement, streams, and reservoir/lakes, slope, and DEM are used as biophysical and socio-economic LULC change drivers. Model results have been validated for year 2020 and accuracy has been found as satisfactory 2020. Results revealed a significant change in forest, agriculture, barren and built-up LULC classes during different years. Agriculture and the built-up area may increase by 641 and 21 sq.km, respectively in 2030. The predicted LULC information provides necessary data to investigate the future hydrological and climatological scenario.
Effect of Religion, Self-Care, and Coping Mechanisms on Quality of Life in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: Uncontrolled diabetes is at a high risk for complications. This chronic complication can cause a decrease in the quality of life of DM patients. There are several factors that affect the quality of life of people with diabetes. Religiosity, self-care, and coping mechanisms together affect the quality of life. Religiosity is very important for patients to have as a foundation for maintaining quality of life. Self-care is a basic effort to control and prevent complications arising from DM. Coping mechanisms are problem-solving efforts and defense mechanisms used to protect themselves from DM problems. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of religiosity, self-care, and coping mechanisms on the quality of life of DM sufferers. Methods: This study uses a quantitative research design and a cross-sectional approach involving 130 respondents, using a total sampling technique. Data was collected using various questionnaires, including a Centrality Religiosity Scale (CRS) questionnaire, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activity (SDSCA), Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (COPE), and Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL). Inclusion criteria were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with blood glucose levels  200 mg/dl and patients with type 2 diabetes who had diabetes > 1 year or more. Path Analysis is used to analyze data. Results: The religiosity of patients with type 2 diabetes has a mean of 49.47, a mean of 42.59 for self-care, a mean of 85.29 for coping mechanisms, and a mean of 42.56 for quality of life. There is an effect of religiosity (p = 0.000), coping mechanisms (p = 0.001), and self-care (p = 0.000) on the quality of life. Conclusion: Religiosity, coping mechanisms, and self-care affect the quality of life of people with Type 2 DM. Efforts that can be made by the hospital to increase health promotion related to improving the quality of life of people with diabetes mellitus.
Ground-state energy of a low-density Bose gas: A second-order upper bound

Consider $N$ bosons in a finite box $\ensuremath{\Lambda}={[0,L]}^{3}\ensuremath{\subset}{\mathbb{R}}^{3}$ interacting via a two-body non-negative soft potential $V=\ensuremath{\lambda}\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{V}$ with $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{V}$ fixed and $\ensuremath{\lambda}g0$ small. We will take the limit $L,N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ by keeping the density $\ensuremath{\varrho}=N∕{L}^{3}$ fixed and small. We construct a variational state, which gives an upper bound on the ground-state energy per particle $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\leqslant}4\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\varrho}a[1+(128∕15\sqrt{\ensuremath{\pi}}){(\ensuremath{\varrho}{a}^{3})}^{1∕2}{S}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}]+O({\ensuremath{\varrho}}^{2}\ensuremath{\mid}\mathrm{ln}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\varrho}\ensuremath{\mid})$, as $\ensuremath{\varrho}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, with a constant satisfying $1\ensuremath{\leqslant}{S}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}\ensuremath{\leqslant}1+C\ensuremath{\lambda}$. Here $a$ is the scattering length of $V$ and thus depends on $\ensuremath{\lambda}$. In comparison, the prediction by Lee and Yang [Phys. Rev. 105, 1119 (1957)] and Lee, Huang, and Yang [Phys. Rev. 106, 1135 (1957)] asserts that ${S}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}=1$ independent of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$.
An Assessment of the Correlation Between Tooth Size and Agenesis of Maxillary Lateral Incisor in Subjects Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

Background and objective Occlusion rehabilitation and restoration are difficult in subjects with congenitally missing lateral incisors, either unilaterally or bilaterally, and often lead to malocclusion and warrant replacement. The present study was conducted to assess the agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor unilaterally and bilaterally and to examine tooth size discrepancy in agenesis subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods We assessed 32 dental casts of both genders (17 males and 15 females) with missing maxillary lateral incisors either unilaterally or bilaterally. Mesiodistal dimensions were measured and a comparison of tooth sizes was done for control and test groups. The data were assessed and the results were documented. Results Lateral incisors of the maxillary arch were statistically smaller in the test group compared to the control group. This was true for both males and females (p=0.001 for both). A similar finding was observed with respect to the overall study group (p<0.0001). Conclusion Based on our findings, maxillary lateral incisor agenesis plays a role in malocclusion development.
Geometry and rigidity of mapping class groups

We study the large scale geometry of mapping class groups MCG(S), using hyperbolicity properties of curve complexes. We show that any self quasi-isometry of MCG(S) (outside a few sporadic cases) is a bounded distance away from a left-multiplication, and as a consequence obtain quasi-isometric rigidity for MCG(S), namely that groups quasi-isometric to MCG(S) are virtually equal to it. (The latter theorem was proved by Hamenstadt using different methods). As part of our approach we obtain several other structural results: a description of the tree-graded structure on the asymptotic cone of MCG(S); a characterization of the image of the curve-complex projection map from MCG(S) to the product of the curve complexes of essential subsurfaces of S; and a construction of Sigma-hulls in MCG(S), an analogue of convex hulls.
Transformation of Heritage into Assets for Income Enhancement: Access to Bank Credit for Vietnamese Community-based Tourism Homestays

The failure to transform heritage into assets is one of the main constraints for community-based tourism development. This article shows how access to bank credit contributes to income enhancement among ethnic minorities involving community-based tourism homestays. A multistage sampling technique and direct interviews using questionnaires were used to collect a rich dataset of a total 262 homestays in Northwestern Vietnam. To deal with model uncertainty, the approach of double-selection lasso logistic regression applied to Propensity Score Matching was used. Results show that credit recipients increased their total income level from US$180.11 to US$228.58 with an average of US$194.63 compared to non-recipients based on four different matching algorithms. The results suggest that the provision of bank credit should be expanded to enhance income for homestays. To facilitate homestay access to bank credit, stronger collaboration between homestays and travel agencies, better access to training and the adoption of a mobile-based banking platform by homestays are all needed. Smartphone-based credit services to homestays have the potential to reduce transaction costs of accessing credit for mountainous regions. Results imply that heritage can serve as productive assets via financial leverage.
The 70‐year search for the voltage‐sensing mechanism of ion channels

This retrospective on the voltage‐sensing mechanisms and gating models of ion channels begins in 1952 with the charged gating particles postulated by Hodgkin and Huxley, viewed as charges moving across the membrane and controlling its permeability to Na+ and K+ ions. Hodgkin and Huxley postulated that their movement should generate small and fast capacitive currents, which were recorded 20 years later as gating currents. In the early 1980s, several voltage‐dependent channels were cloned and found to share a common architecture: four homologous domains or subunits, each displaying six transmembrane α‐helical segments, with the fourth segment (S4) displaying four to seven positive charges invariably separated by two non‐charged residues. This immediately suggested that this segment was serving as the voltage sensor of the channel (the molecular counterpart of the charged gating particle postulated by Hodgkin and Huxley) and led to the development of the sliding helix model. Twenty years later, the X‐ray crystallographic structures of many voltage‐dependent channels allowed investigation of their gating by molecular dynamics. Further understanding of how channels gate will benefit greatly from the acquisition of high‐resolution structures of each of their relevant functional or structural states. This will allow the application of molecular dynamics and other approaches. It will also be key to investigate the energetics of channel gating, permitting an understanding of the physical and molecular determinants of gating. The use of multiscale hierarchical approaches might finally prove to be a rewarding strategy to overcome the limits of the various single approaches to the study of channel gating.
Tridiagonal realization of the antisymmetric Gaussian β-ensemble

The Householder reduction of a member of the antisymmetric Gaussian unitary ensemble gives an antisymmetric tridiagonal matrix with all independent elements. The random variables permit the introduction of a positive parameter β, and the eigenvalue probability density function of the corresponding random matrices can be computed explicitly, as can the distribution of {qi}, the first components of the eigenvectors. Three proofs are given. One involves an inductive construction based on bordering of a family of random matrices which are shown to have the same distributions as the antisymmetric tridiagonal matrices. This proof uses the Dixon–Anderson integral from Selberg integral theory. A second proof involves the explicit computation of the Jacobian for the change of variables between real antisymmetric tridiagonal matrices, its eigenvalues, and {qi}. The third proof maps matrices from the antisymmetric Gaussian β-ensemble to those realizing particular examples of the Laguerre β-ensemble. In addition to t.
E-Agenda Simulation: Is It Effective for Improving Students’ Learning Competences and Motivation in Vocational High School?

Innovative and interesting learning should be pursued by the teacher so that students will be more motivated to learn and can get better learning outcomes. In this study, we tried to test the effectiveness of the demonstration method assisted by e-Agenda simulation video learning media on the learning competence and motivation of filing subjects. The study was conducted with a quasi-experimental y with nonequivalent control group design in SMK Negeri 1 Salatiga. There were 62 respondents in this study. Data were collected by two methods, namely tests and questionnaires. Independent sample tests were used for data analysis techniques. The findings showed that e-Agenda learning media can improve students' cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes between students who learn to use e-Agenda learning media and students who learn to use manual agenda. We also found that e-agenda learning media influences student motivation. Thus, we concluded that the e-Agenda learning media can improve students' learning competencies and motivation. In addition, it also affects students to be more motivated to learn diligently. Future studies should explore other factors affecting media effectiveness.
Enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A nationwide data from the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis (CREPAR)

Abstract Background: The clinical features of enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been reported in some Western countries, but data in China are very limited. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of enthesitis in Chinese patients with PsA and compared them with those in other cohorts. Methods: Patients with PsA enrolled in the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis (CREPAR) (December 2018 to June 2021) were included. Data including demographics, clinical characteristics, disease activity measures, and treatment were collected at enrollment. Enthesitis was assessed by the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC), Maastricht ankylosing spondylitis enthesitis score (MASES), and Leeds enthesitis index (LEI) indices. A multivariable logistic model was used to identify factors related to enthesitis. We also compared our results with those of other cohorts. Results: In total, 1074 PsA patients were included, 308 (28.7%) of whom had enthesitis. The average number of enthesitis was 3.3 ± 2.8 (range: 1.0–18.0). More than half of the patients (165, 53.6%) had one or two tender entheseal sites. Patients with enthesitis had an earlier age of onset for both psoriasis and arthritis, reported a higher proportion of PsA duration over 5 years, and had a higher percentage of axial involvement and greater disease activity. Multivariable logistic regression showed that axial involvement (odds ratio [OR] 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–3.08; P <0.001), psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04; P = 0.002), and disease activity score 28-C reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01–1.55; P = 0.037) were associated with enthesitis. Compared with the results of other studies, Chinese patients with enthesitis had a younger age, lower body mass index (BMI), a higher rate of positive human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, more frequent dactylitis, and a higher proportion of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs' (csDMARDs) use. Conclusions: Enthesitis is a common condition among Chinese patients with PsA. It is important to evaluate entheses in both peripheral and axial sites.
Study of prophylactic single-dose antibiotic to prevent surgical site infection

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) have been linked to longer hospital stays and higher costs. Infection occurs when endogenous flora is translocated to a generally sterile site. It's also feasible to seed the surgical site with illness from afar (especially in patients with prostheses or another implant). SSIs are influenced by bacterial inoculums and pathogenicity, host defenses, preoperative care, and intraoperative management. Antibiotic prophylaxis is therefore essential to address this problem. This study to evaluate the effectiveness of single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing surgical site infection in elective surgeries.Methods: This prospective study included 50 patients receiving elective surgery at a tertiary hospital's department of general surgery. Relevant information about each patient was obtained using a Performa developed for the project. Cefuroxime was given 30 minutes before the incision, and effect on post-operative wound infection was investigated.Results: We had 50 cases in our study, predominantly males, with maximum individuals in the 41-50 years age group. Cholecystectomy cases presented with the most SSIs (20%). S. aureus was the most common causative organism of SSI in this study.Conclusions: A single preoperative dose of antibiotic cefuroxime effectively prevents surgical site infection in elective cases assuming an uncomplicated procedure.
Matzoh ball soup in spaces of constant curvature

In this paper, we generalize Magnanini-Sakaguchi's result [MS3] from Euclidean space to spaces of constant curvature. More precisely, we show that if a conductor satisfying the exterior geodesic sphere condition in the space of constant curvature has initial temperature 0 and its boundary is kept at temperature 1 (at all times), if the thermal conductivity of the conductor is inverse of its metric, and if the conductor contains a proper sub-domain, satisfying the interior geodesic cone condition and having constant boundary temperature at each given time, then the conductor must be a geodesic ball. Moreover, we show similar result for the wave equations and the Schr\"{o}dinger equations in spaces of constant curvature.