Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and molecular characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from contaminated food samples from Palestine

Salmonella is one of the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogens. It is of major public health concern worldwide. Poultry meat and eggs represent an important source of Salmonellae organism for consumer health. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Enteritidis using multiplex PCR (mPCR) among isolates collected from the local market and to assess genetic relationships between isolates of S. Typhimurium, which was the only serotype isolated from the tested food samples. This was done using virulence factors profiling and fingerprint profiling by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) and repetitive sequence PCR (REP-PCR) using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) and interspersed repetitive DNA sequence BOXAIR-PCR. The overall occurrence percentage of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis out of 51 isolates was 54.9% and 0.0%, respectively. Only 13 out of 17 virulence genes were detected in these isolates. The occurrence of the detected virulence genes among these isolates was 100%, 50.0%,46.4%, 39.3%, 35.7%, 35.7%, 32.1%, 25.0%, 25.0%, 17.6%, 14.3%, 14.3%, 3.6% for invA, sopB, prgH, sitC, pefA, tolC, cdtB, msgA, sifA, iroN, spiA, ipfC and pagC, respectively. The remaining virulence genes were absent in all of the isolates. Based on the combination of the presence and absence of virulence genes, eight profiles were detected among these isolates, the most common genetic profile was V5 (each 32.1%). Based on this genetic profile at cut-off point 96.0%, both ERIC and BOX primers allowed for discrimination into 4 and 6 clusters or clones of 16 S. Typhimurium isolates, respectively. Results of PCR typing methods showed that, three strains clustered together using both ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR typing methods and they had the same virulotype (V1), while other four strains also clustered together by both typing methods and had the same virulotype (V8). Contamination of food with Salmonellae especially with S. Typhimurium was high and indicated a bad microbiological quality of food. This emphasizes the need for rigorous public health and food safety methods to lower the human health hazard and risk associated with Salmonellae infection.
DEEP REFLECTED WAVES AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH CRUST OF THE EASTERN PART OF CHAIDAM BASIN (柴达木东盆地)

This paper deals with the results of the investigation of the earth crust in the eastern part of Chaidam Basin by employing low-frequency seismic method. Many deep reflections were recorded. At recording distances of around 40 kms, they appear rather clear and come later on the records.In the field, dynamite was exploded in shallow dugouts of depths 1.5-2.0 meters or drill holes of depths 10-20 meters, amount of dynamite used ranges from 500 to 800 kg. Observations were carried out by continuous system of geophone spreads, employing two-way and one way shooting and detection pattern.From the properties of the waves received, such as the velocity of their propagation, phases, energy and other dynamic or kinematic characteristics of the waves, they can be identified as the first order reflected waves from deep boundaries and only is appears to be reflected from the lower horizon of a high velocity gradient thinner layer. Because of the large velocity difference between this layer and the neighbouring medium, multiple reflections within it were also observed.The deep reflected events so far identified are listed below together with their parameters:These results indicate that by employing the method of low-frequency seismic detection, it is possible to identify the types of reflected waves and to study the deep crustal structure of the region. The crustal structure of Eastern Chaidam Basin was found to be layered, and the physical character of each layer has a definite geological significance.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation reduces BOLD adaptation and increases functional connectivity

Background Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is used as a non-invasive tool for cognitive enhancement and clinical applications. The physiological effects of tACS, however, are complex and poorly understood [1]. Most studies of tACS focus on its ability to entrain brain oscillations [2], but our behavioral results in humans [3] and extracellular recordings in nonhuman primates [4] support the view that tACS at 10 Hz additionally affects brain function by reducing sensory adaptation. Our primary goal here was to investigate this using BOLD imaging in human subjects. Hypothesis 10 Hz tACS applied during a motion adaptation paradigm attenuates the neuronal adaptation reflected in the BOLD signal. Methods We used a motion adaptation paradigm developed to quantify BOLD adaptation [5] and used standard ANOVA analyses to compare the amount of adaptation in blocks during which tACS was applied to the human motion area (hMT+) to blocks without tACS. In addition, we performed an exploratory analysis to investigate whether tACS affected the functional connectivity of hMT+. Results tACS significantly attenuated BOLD adaptation and increased functional connectivity between the stimulated hMT+ and the rest of the brain, in particular the dorsal attention network (DAN). Conclusion Weak 10 Hz currents applied to the scalp change the BOLD signal. Within the targeted area, these changes are compatible with the hypothesis that tACS attenuates neuronal adaptation; similar to what we previously reported based on extracellular recordings. In addition, our findings show that tACS results in increased global brain connectivity of the stimulated area.
Three-dimensional gravity modelling of earth’s crust and upper mantle in the Polish Carpathians

Trojwymiarowy model skorupy ziemskiej i gornego plaszcza w Karpatach polskich (Stresczenie) Gravity and other geophysical data suggest that a fragment of oceanic crust is preserved under the eastern part of the Polish Carpathians. Results of gravity modelling are well compatible with the concept of southward subduction of the northern lithospheric plate. Several linear and areal tectonic elements are identified and three-dimensional density model of the crust and upper mantle is presented for the area of the Polish Carpathians. Wyniki modelowania efektu grawitacyjnego sugerują istnienie oceanicznej skorupy we wschodniej cześci polskich Karpat. Potwierdzają tez one slusznośc tezy o roli subdukcji w karpackich procesach gorotworczych, podczas ktorych plyta polnocna podsuwala sie pod poludniową. Wyroznia sie szereg tektonicznych elementow linearnych i powierzchniowych.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for optimizing antimicrobial therapy used to treat bone and joint infections: an evidence-based algorithmic approach

ABSTRACT Introduction Bone and joint infections (BJIs) are a major health concern causing remarkable morbidity and mortality. However, which antimicrobial treatment could be the best according to specific clinical scenarios and/or to the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) features remains an unmet clinical need. This multidisciplinary opinion article aims to develop evidence-based algorithms for empirical and targeted antibiotic therapy of patients affected by BJIs. Areas covered A multidisciplinary team of four experts had several rounds of assessment for developing algorithms devoted to empirical and targeted antimicrobial therapy of BJIs. A literature search was performed on PubMed-MEDLINE (until April 2023) to provide evidence for supporting therapeutic choices. Four different clinical scenarios were structured according to specific infection types (i.e. vertebral osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infections, infected non-unions and other chronic osteomyelitis, and infectious arthritis), need or not of surgical intervention or revision, isolation or not of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens from blood and/or tissue cultures, and PK/PD features of antibiotics. Expert opinion The proposed therapeutic algorithms were based on a multifaceted approach considering the peculiar features of each antibiotic (spectrum of activity, PK/PD properties, bone penetration rate, and anti-biofilm activity), and could be hopefully helpful in improving clinical outcome of BJIs.
Modelling of tsunami generated by the giant Late Bronze Age eruption of Thera, South Aegean Sea, Greece

SUMMARY Tsunami generated by the Late Bronze Age (LBA) eruption of Thera were simulated using synthetic tide records produced for selected nearshore (∼20 m depths) sites of northern Crete, the Cyclades Islands, SW Turkey and Sicily. Inundation distances inland were also calculated along northern Crete. Modelling was performed by incorporating fully non-linear Boussinesq wave theory with two tsunamigenic mechanisms. The first involved the entry of pyroclastic flows into the sea, assuming a thick (55 m; 30 km3) flow entering the sea along the south coast of Thera in three different directions all directed towards northern Crete, then a thin pyroclastic flow (1 m; 1.2 km3) entering the sea along the north coast of Thera directed towards the Cyclades Islands. Flows were modelled as a solid block that slowly decelerates along a horizontal surface. The second mechanism assumed caldera collapse, of 19 km3 and 34 km3 modelled as a dynamic landslide producing rapid vertical displacements. Calculated nearshore wave amplitudes varied from a few metres to 28 m along northern Crete from pyroclastic flows, and up to 19 m from caldera collapse (34 km3 volume). Inundation distances on Crete were 250–450 m. Waves produced by pyroclastic flows were highly focused, however, as a function of sea entry direction. Smaller volume pyroclastic flows produced nearshore wave amplitudes up to 4 m in the Cyclades islands north of Thera. Wave amplitudes in the Cyclades from smaller volume caldera collapse (19 km3) were up to 24 m, whereas in SW Turkey were as low as 2.1 and 0.8 m (Didim and Fethye where LBA tsunami deposits have been found). Wave amplitudes for the larger volume caldera collapse (34 km3) were generally 2.5–3 times larger than those generated by the smaller volume collapse (19 km3). These results provide estimates for understanding possible consequences of tsunami impact in LBA coastal zones, thus providing criteria at archaeological sites for detecting inundation damage, as well as for contemporary hazard assessment; they also provide additional criteria for deciphering homogenite layers in the abyssal stratigraphy of the Ionian and eastern Mediterranean Seas.
Yield and yield components of wheat as influenced by sowing date and humic acid.

In order to investigate the effect of seed sowing date and humic acid foliar application on some agronomic traits of bread wheat an experiment was conducted in Islamshahr, Iran during 2013 growing season. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design arranged in factorial with three replications. The first factor was included two sowing date (middle of November and middle of December) and the second factor was included three humic acid levels (0, 4 and 8 liter ha -1 ). The results indicated that late seed sowing lead to significant reduction in agronomic traits such as tiller number, spike number, seed number and seed weight. In addition, vegetative growth was affected by late seed sowing and so that shorter plants were observed. Number of days until spike emergence, number of days until pollination and number of days until physiological maturity decreased due to late seed sowing. By contrast, humic acid application increased plant growth and improved yield and yield components through extending growing period. International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(1) 8-14
The Importance of Sputum Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

Introduction: Worldwide lung cancer is the leading cause of death. The incidence of lung cancer is increasing in developing countries like Pakistan. Mortality is more than 90 % in diagnosed cases and it is directly related to the stage of disease so it is important to diagnose at an early stage. Sputum cytology is a definite way to diagnose lung cancer. It is cost effective, noninvasive, does not need any instrumentation and free of investigating complications.
Prospective Identification of Malaria Parasite Genes under Balancing Selection

Background Endemic human pathogens are subject to strong immune selection, and interrogation of pathogen genome variation for signatures of balancing selection can identify important target antigens. Several major antigen genes in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum have shown such signatures in polymorphism-versus-divergence indices (comparing with the chimpanzee parasite P. reichenowi), and in allele frequency based indices. Methodology/Principal Findings To compare methods for prospective identification of genes under balancing selection, 26 additional genes known or predicted to encode surface-exposed proteins of the invasive blood stage merozoite were first sequenced from a panel of 14 independent P. falciparum cultured lines and P. reichenowi. Six genes at the positive extremes of one or both of the Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade (HKA) and McDonald-Kreitman (MK) indices were identified. Allele frequency based analysis was then performed on a Gambian P. falciparum population sample for these six genes and three others as controls. Tajima's D (TjD) index was most highly positive for the msp3/6-like PF10_0348 (TjD = 1.96) as well as the positive control ama1 antigen gene (TjD = 1.22). Across the genes there was a strong correlation between population TjD values and the relative HKA indices (whether derived from the population or the panel of cultured laboratory isolates), but no correlation with the MK indices. Conclusions/Significance Although few individual parasite genes show significant evidence of balancing selection, analysis of population genomic and comparative sequence data with the HKA and TjD indices should discriminate those that do, and thereby identify likely targets of immunity.
Soil Loss Mitigation Using Synthetic Polymer Under Simulated Condition

Abstract One of the effects of climate change is soil degradation which is mostly due to soil erosion. The use of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as a soil stabilizer is an emerging conservation practice for mitigating soil loss. PAM can be an alternative to traditional soil erosion control practices rather than mulching and slope profiling to control erosion. Generally the study aimed to assess the effect of using synthetic polymer (PAM) in mitigating soil loss under simulated condition. Specifically it attempted to install a locally fabricated rainfall simulator (spray-nozzle type) to evaluate the effectiveness of PAM at different rates (no PAM, 7.4 g of PAM per kg of soil and 14g of PAM per kg of soil) at different slope gradients (10, 35 and 60 degrees) and analyze the relationship of slope gradient versus sediment yield, and soil loss at different rainfall intensities. Different rates of PAM were applied in soil test boxes filled with medium loam of soil under simulated condition. Runoff volume was then collected every event to determine the sediment yield and soil loss. Data were analyzed using the Split-plot design with three replications and a regression analysis to determine their relationships. The results indicated that PAM applications significantly reduced sediment yield and soil loss at different rainfall intensities. The most effective rate of PAM applied in mitigating soil loss was found to be at a ratio of 14g of PAM per kg of soil. Sediment yield and soil loss were best fitted in a quadratic model in the form of a second degree polynomial equation. The relationships between slopes versus the above parameters being used were found to be non-linear. Moreover, the observed soil loss for every level of PAM was best modelled by the following coefficient of determination and their corresponding second degree polynomial equations for both rainfall intensities; at 75 mm/h, A 0 : SL = -0.0002s 2 + 0.0138s + 0.084; R² = 0.8845 ; A 40 : SL = -9E-05s 2 + 0.007s + 0.0015 ; R² = 0.7964 ; A 80 : SL = -6E-05s 2 + 0.0044s - 0.021; R² = 0.8485, and ; at 100 mm/h A 0 : SL = -0.0008s 2 + 0.0652s - 0.06; R² = 0.9942 ; A 40 : SL = -0.0004s 2 + 0.0251s + 0.0078; R²=0.9773 A 80 : SL= -6E-05s 2 + 0.0034s + 0.1223; R² = 0.7536.
Ination Targeting: A Framework for Communication

We analyze how the provision of an explicit numerical ination target provides a focal point for agents expectations, when information is imperfect. Communicating a target and a tolerance band around it provides a clear framework with which to evaluate monetary policy outcomes. We show how ination targeting exploits the self-reinforcing loop between success and credibility, to help the Central Bank endure large and longlasting shocks. Last, we derive the optimal band width around the target, that exploits the bene ts of providing a focal point, while maximizing the probability of success. JEL codes: C71, C78, E52.
Anomalous Walker circulations associated with two flavors of the Indian Ocean Dipole

The Walker circulation is the key component of the atmospheric zonal circulation in the tropics. In this study, it is shown that anomalous Walker circulations associated with two types of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are remarkably different. During a positive canonical IOD with negative (positive) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern (central to western) tropical Indian Ocean, a single‐cell anomalous Walker circulation forms over the Indian Ocean. On the other hand, a double‐cell anomalous Walker circulation with a rising branch in the central Indian Ocean is formed during a positive IOD Modoki, which is associated with positive (negative) SST anomalies over the central (eastern and western) tropical Indian Ocean. The above anomalous Walker circulations are found to develop as part of positive ocean‐atmosphere feedback. Furthermore, the above difference in the anomalous Walker circulation may affect the biennial tendency of the IOD.
MODAL SOSIAL DALAM GERAKAN LINGKUNGAN: STUDI KASUS DI KAMPUNG GAMBIRAN DAN GONDOLAYU LOR, KOTA YOGYAKARTA

This thesis discusses about environmental movement initiated by the people of Kampung Gambiran and Kampung Gondolayu Lor, Yogyakarta City. Environmental movement is a societal collective action to cope with environmental degradation. The main argument of this study is that different outcomes by the two environmental movements were affected by the difference in social capital. The aim of this study is to understand the dynamics and achievements of social movements in both villages, and to analyze the influence of social capital in environmental movement. This is qualitative study. The data were collected by observation, interview, FGD, and collecting related documents. The result of the study shows that the environmental movement in Kampung Gambiran was succeeded. In the other hand, the environmental movement in Kampung Gondolayu Lor was failed. Environmental degradation in Kampung Gambiran motivated the local inhabitants to do internal integration and building network outside community. Kampung Gambiran has several achievements, facilities, and activities supported by community fund and outside donors. The movement was also spread by Forsidas Gajah Wong and Merti Kampung. In Kampung Gondolayu Lor, environmental movement was caused by garbage problems and the instruction by the government. The execution of environmental activity without social integration in Kampung Gondolayu Lor resulted in inability to mobilize internal resources and building external network. Kampung Gondolayu Lor was only involved in waste management and not integrated to Pamerti Code community. The influence of Social capital in determining the outcome of environmental movement can be seen in five points: 1) there was a high level of trust both internally and externally in Kampung Gambiran, but in contrary, the level of trust in Kampung Gondolayu Lor was low
Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from parafollicular or C cells that produce calcitonin (CT), and accounts for 5–10% of all thyroid cancers. MTC is hereditary in about 25% of cases. The discovery of a MTC in a patient has several implications: disease extent should be evaluated, phaeochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism should be screened for and whether the MTC is sporadic or hereditary should be determined by a direct analysis of the RET proto‐oncogene. In this review, pathological characteristics, tumour markers and genetic abnormalities in MTC are discussed. The diagnostic and therapeutic modalities applied to patients with clinical MTC and those identified with preclinical disease through familial screening are also described. Progresses concerning genetics, initial treatment, follow‐up, screening and treatment of pheochromocytoma have permitted an improvement in the long‐term outcome. However, there is no effective treatment for distant metastases, and new therapeutic modalities are urgently needed.
Mechanical and numerical behavior of water jet-driven under-reamed concrete piles

Water jet-driving technique has been shown as a viable practice for driving prefabricated piles in resistant soil layers. However, this technique is also associated with the reduction of load capacity of piles. Along these lines, the use of reams in prefabricated concrete piles improves their mechanical performance. The main objective of this research was to study the efficiency of reams on water jet-driven concrete piles; to this extent, pile loading tests and mini-cone tests were carried out before and after the driving of the piles. In addition, numerical modelling with the finite element method (FEM) was applied to study the stress-strain behavior. By means of the numerical modelling, it was possible to identify the stress and strain distribution at the tip, shaft, and reams of the piles; this allowed the understanding of the contribution of these elements in the total load capacity. Results have shown that the reams directly contribute for load capacity, with increases up to 40% when compared to conventional piles. Laboratory tests and numerical modeling proved to be fundamental tools to understand the mechanisms behind the contribution of reams to the load capacity of piles.