Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Significance of Eosinophiluna in Urinary Schistosomiasis: A Study Using Hansel’s Stain and Electron Microscopy

Urine deposit smears of 58 patients with urinary schistosomiasis, 20 with acute glomerulonephritis, and 14 with urinary stones were stained with Hansel’s stain. Eosinophiluna was seen in all cases of urinary schistosomiasis (median 0.73 [73%] of urinary white blood cells [WBCs]); 13 (65%) of those with acute glomerulonephritis (median 0.03 [3%] of urinary WBCs); and 2 (14%) patients with urinary stones (0.01 [1%] and 0.05 [5%] of urinary WBCs). Other features included the presence of ova and activated macrophages and giant cells in urinary schistosomiasis, an increased number of mononuclear cells and stained cellular casts in acute glomerulonephritis, and an increased number of neutrophils in urinary stones. In schistosomiasis, urine differential leukocyte counts were unrelated to those of the blood. Moreover, urine eosinophil percentages were always higher than those in the blood. Thus, in urinary schistosomiasis, eosinophiluna could be explained by exudation, sloughing of granu-lomata, as well as bleeding from the urinary tract surface. Elec-tron microscopic examination confirmed that most of the leukocytes were eosinophils. Some of these were adherent and degranulating over ova with variable miracidial damage. Urine eosinophil and egg counts were not correlated to each other. Staining urine deposit smears, with the use of Hansel's stain, is useful in the investigation of hematuria. Heavy eosinophiluna and few mononuclear cells favor the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis rather than acute glomerulonephritis or urinary stones. These results diminish the value of eosinophiluria as corroborative evidence of drug-induced interstitial nephritis in areas of endemic urinary schistosomiasis.
Correlation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Genes Type with the Effect Antihypertensive treatment by Captopril

Objective To study the correlation of angiotensin converting enzyme genes type with the effect of antihypertension treatment by captopril. Methods Angiotensin converting enzyme genes I/D polymorphism were examined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in 133 patients with essential hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured before and after taking captopril 25 mg bid for 4 weeks. Results The reduction in 24 hSBP,dSBP,and nSBP in ID genetype was greater than that in II or DD genetype( P 0 05). Conclusion Captopril is may be more appropriate for the hypertensive patients with fit ACE I/D gene type.
Reduced gene dosage of Tfap2c impairs trophoblast lineage differentiation and alters maternal blood spaces in the mouse placenta 1 Running title: Reduced Tfap2c expression alters mouse placental differentiation

Tfap2c is required for placental development and trophoblast stem cell maintenance. Deletion of Tfap2c results in early embryonic loss because of failure in placental development. We evaluated the effect of reduced Tfap2c gene dosage on fetal outcome and placental development. Sixty percent of the heterozygous mice were lost directly after birth. Labyrinthine differentiation was impaired, as indicated by enhanced proliferation and inclusions of cobblestone shaped cell clusters characterized by the expression of Tfap2c and glycogen stores. Moreover, the expression of marker genes, such as Cdx2, Eomes, Gata3, and Ascl2, in the spongiotrophoblast layer was decreased. On Day 18.5 postcoitum, the labyrinth layer of Tfap2c +/placentas exhibited massive hemorrhages in the maternal blood spaces; these hemorrhages may contribute to the significantly reduced number of live-born pups. These morphological alterations were accompanied by a shift toward the sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells as the cell subpopulation lining the maternal sinusoids and toward a reduction in the expression of the prolactin gene family member Prl2c2, a finding characteristic of the spiral arteries lining trophoblast cells. The trophoblast stem cells heterozygous for Tfap2c exhibited a reduction in the expression level of stem cell markers and in their proliferation and differentiation capacity but did not exhibit changes in marker genes of the trophoblast giant cell lineage. Taken together, these findings indicate that a reduction in the gene dosage of placental Tfap2c leads to morphological changes in the labyrinth at midgestation and in the maternal blood spaces during late pregnancy.
The Epidemiology of Trachoma in the Lower Shire Valley of Southern Malawi and Implications for the “SAFE” Strategy

Aims: To determine the prevalence of trachoma and associated risk factors in the Lower Shire Valley of Southern Malawi. Study Design: Population based cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Lower Shire Valley of southern Malawi between July and October 2012. Methodology: Children aged 1-9 years (total 2957) were assessed for clinical signs of Original Research Article International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 4(5): 494-508, 2014 495 active trachoma follicular (TF) and adults aged 15 and above (total 2247) were assessed for signs of trachoma trichiasis (TT), which is potentially blinding trachoma. A questionnaire survey was conducted to explore the potential risk factors. Results: A total of 2957 children aged 1-9 years who were assessed for clinical signs of TF and 2247 adults aged 15 and above were assessed for signs of TT.The prevalence of TF among children aged 1-9 years was found to be 18.5% (95% CI 16.4-20.8) in Nsanje and 7.8% (95% CI 6.6-9.2) in Mwanza districts respectively. The prevalence of TT in adults aged 15 and above was 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1-0.9) in Nsanje district and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.4) in Mwanza district, respectively. In regards to risk factors, only the presence of a dirty face was associated with trachoma follicular (TF) in Nsanje and Mwanza districts (P< 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, prevalence of active trachoma infections was 18.5% in Nsanje and 7.8% in Mwanza district. Dirty face was associated with trachoma follicular in both districts. According to WHO, Nsanje therefore needs a SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Face Washing and Environmental) control strategy.
Bioinformatics analysis of the expression of HOXC13 and its role in the prognosis of breast cancer

The homeobox (HOX) genes, a class of transcription factors, are known to promote embryonic development and induce tumor formation. To date, the HOXA and HOXB gene families have been reported to be associated with breast cancer. However, the expression and exact role of homeobox C13 (HOXC13) in breast cancer has not yet been investigated. In the present study, the HOXC13 expression in human breast cancer was evaluated using the Oncomine database and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). Next, the Gene expression-based Outcome for Breast cancer online database, cBioportal, University of California Santa Cruz Xena browser and bc-GenExMinerv were used to explore the specific expression of HOXC13 in breast cancer. The methylation and mutation status of HOXC13 in breast cancer was then validated using the CCLE and cBioportal databases. Finally, the co-expression of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) and HOXC13 in breast cancer were analyzed and their impact on clinical prognosis determined. It was found that the expression of HOXC13 was high in breast cancer compared with other types of cancer, such as gastric cancer and colon cancer. Following co-expression analysis, a significant positive association was identified between HOTAIR and HOXC13. An association between HOTAIR and HOXC13, and lymph node and distant metastasis recurrence was also revealed during the development of breast cancer. Of note, survival analysis showed that high expression of HOTAIR and HOXC13 predicted poor prognosis. These findings revealed that HOXC13 plays an important role in the progression of breast cancer. However, the specific mechanism needs to be confirmed by subsequent experiments.
Intraoperative Specimen Mammography for Margin Assessment in Breast-Conserving Surgery

The purpose of this study aimed to determine whether intraoperative specimen mammography is an effective margin assessment method in Asian women. Thus, 182 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) were evaluated. After wide excision, intraoperative specimen mammography was used to assess margin adequacy. The control group comprised 84 patients who underwent BCS and were evaluated for margin of frozen section during surgery. 61.6% patients had dense breasts and 85.7% of dense breasts could margin assess by intraoperative specimen mammography. There were no significant differences in the incidence of extremely close margins (p = 0.421) and second operation (p = 0.252) between both groups. Significant correlations were found between radiological and histological margins (R2 = 0.222, p < 0.05). The frozen section analysis group had longer operative time than the specimen mammography group. The study results show that intraoperative specimen mammography of breast lesions in BCS is useful in identifying margin clearance.
MicroRNA-150 functions as a tumor suppressor and sensitizes osteosarcoma to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis by targeting RUNX2

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of bone malignancy in children and adolescents. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with the development and progression of OS. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting, Cell Counting Kit-8, luciferase and Transwell assays were performed to investigate the biological function of microRNA-150 (miR-150) in OS. The results revealed that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in OS cell lines (HOS, SAOS2, MG-63 and U2OS) in comparison with the normal osteoblast cells (hFOB1.19). Overexpression of miR-150 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in OS cells. miR-150 could sensitize OS cells to chemotherapy treatment of doxorubicin. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was identified as a target gene of miR-150. RUNX2 knockdown exhibited similar inhibitory effects on both OS cell proliferation and chemotherapy sensitivity. Restoration of RUNX2 reversed the biological function of miR-150. Finally, miR-150 overexpression and RUNX2 knockdown enhanced caspase-3 cleavage. Taken together, the present study established a novel molecular mechanism, in that miR-150 plays tumor suppressor and chemoprotective roles by targeting RUNX2 in OS, indicating that miR-150 may be a potential therapeutic target for OS therapy in the future.
Prognostic Role of KRAS mRNA Expression in Breast Cancer

Purpose We investigated the prognostic role of KRAS mRNA expression in breast cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) databases. Methods Clinical and biological data of 1,093 breast cancers from TCGA database and 1,904 breast cancers from METABRIC database were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were determined. Results The group with high KRAS mRNA expression showed worse survival than the group with low KRAS mRNA expression regarding both OS (p = 0.012 in TCGA, p < 0.001 in METABRIC) and BCSS (p = 0.001 in METABRIC). According to multivariate analysis, the level of KRAS mRNA expression was an independent prognostic factor in both TCGA (hazard ratio [HR], 1.570; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.026–2.403; p = 0.038) and METABRIC (HR, 1.254; 95% CI, 1.087–1.446; p = 0.002) databases. The prognostic impact of mRNA expression was effective only for luminal A subtype (p < 0.001 in METABRIC). Positive correlation was observed between mRNA expression and copy number alteration (CNA) (r = 0.577, p < 0.001 in TCGA; ρ = 0.343, p < 0.001 in METABRIC). Methylation showed negative correlations with both mRNA expression and CNA (r = −0.272, p < 0.001 in TCGA). The expression of mRNA had little association with the mutation status in breast cancers, having a mutation frequency of approximately 0.6%. Conclusion KRAS mRNA expression was significantly associated with breast cancer prognosis. It was found to be an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. Prognostic role of KRAS mRNA expression was effective only in luminal A subtype. Further studies are needed to validate the prognostic role of KRAS mRNA expression in breast cancer, thus paving a way for clinical application of KRAS in practice.
Radiation-induced Chromosome Instability: The Role of Dose and Dose Rate

Nontargeted effects include radiation-induced genomic instability (RIGI) which is observed in the progeny of cells exposed to ionizing radiation and can be manifested in different ways, including chromosomal instability and micronucleus (MN) formation. Since genomic instability is commonly observed in tumors and has a role in tumor progression, RIGI has the potential of being an important mechanism for radiation-induced cancer. The work presented explores the role of dose and dose rate on RIGI, determined using a MN assay, in normal primary human fibroblast (HF19) cells exposed to either 0.1 Gy or 1 Gy of X-rays delivered either as an acute (0.42 Gy/min) or protracted (0.0031 Gy/min) exposure. While the expected increase in MN was observed following the first mitosis of the irradiated cells compared to unirradiated controls, the results also demonstrate a significant increase in MN yields in the progeny of these cells at 10 and 20 population doublings following irradiation. Minimal difference was observed between the two doses used (0.1 and 1 Gy) and the dose rates (acute and protracted). Therefore, these nontargeted effects have the potential to be important for the low-dose and dose-rate exposure. The results also show an enhancement of the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species after 20 population doublings, which suggests that ionising radiation (IR) could potentially perturb the homeostasis of oxidative stress and so modify the background rate of endogenous DNA damage induction. In conclusion, the investigations have demonstrated that normal primary human fibroblast (HF19) cells are susceptible to the induction of early DNA damage and RIGI, not only after a high dose and high dose rate exposure to low linear energy transfer, but also following low dose, low dose rate exposures. The results suggest that the mechanism of radiation induced RIGI in HF19 cells can be correlated with the induction of reactive oxygen species levels following exposure to 0.1 and 1 Gy low-dose rate and high-dose rate x-ray irradiation.
Expression and correlation of Chemerin and FABP4 in peripheral blood of gestational diabetes mellitus patients

Expression and correlation of Chemerin and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) in peripheral blood of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were investigated. Sixty patients with GDM from March 2018 to March 2019 in the People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area were selected as the study group (SG) and another 50 healthy pregnant women corresponding to their age and pregnancy were selected as the control group (CG). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of Chemerin and FABP4 in serum. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of Chemerin and FABP4 in peripheral blood for GDM patients. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between Chemerin and FABP4 and the correlation between Chemerin and inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Expression of Chemerin and FABP4 in peripheral blood of GDM patients were significantly higher than those in CG. The AUC of GDM patients diagnosed with Chemerin and FABP4 in peripheral blood was 0.820 and 0.814, while the AUC of GDM patients diagnosed with Chemerin combined with FABP4 in peripheral blood was 0.904. Expression of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in the SG were significantly higher than those in the CG. Chemerin in the SG was positively correlated with FABP4 and positively correlated with inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. Patients with advanced age (≥35 years), family history of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, high pre-pregnancy BMI, high fasting blood glucose, high Chemerin and high FABP4 expression have high risk of GDM. In conclusion, Chemerin and FABP4 were upregulated in the peripheral blood of GDM patients. There was a positive correlation between the two and a positive correlation with the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α.
MedGraph: Structural and Temporal Representation Learning of Electronic Medical Records

Electronic medical record (EMR) data contains historical sequences of visits of patients, and each visit contains rich information, such as patient demographics, hospital utilisation and medical codes, including diagnosis, procedure and medication codes. Most existing EMR embedding methods capture visit-code associations by constructing input visit representations as binary vectors with a static vocabulary of medical codes. With this limited representation, they fail in encapsulating rich attribute information of visits (demographics and utilisation information) and/or codes (e.g., medical code descriptions). Furthermore, current work considers visits of the same patient as discrete-time events and ignores time gaps between them. However, the time gaps between visits depict dynamics of the patient's medical history inducing varying influences on future visits. To address these limitations, we present $\mathtt{MedGraph}$, a supervised EMR embedding method that captures two types of information: (1) the visit-code associations in an attributed bipartite graph, and (2) the temporal sequencing of visits through a point process. $\mathtt{MedGraph}$ produces Gaussian embeddings for visits and codes to model the uncertainty. We evaluate the performance of $\mathtt{MedGraph}$ through an extensive experimental study and show that $\mathtt{MedGraph}$ outperforms state-of-the-art EMR embedding methods in several medical risk prediction tasks.
Association between Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) Taste Perception and Falciparum Malaria Infection in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria

ABSTRACT Aim : To examine the association between the ability to taste PTC and falciparum malaria infection. Study Design : A cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study : Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osun State General Hospital and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, College of Health Sciences, Osogbo, Nigeria between March and November 2012. Methodology : A total of 567 individuals (276 males and 291 females) of age ≥16 years participated in this study after clinical examination and informed consent was obtained. The participants consisted of three groups. The first group consisted of 242 patients with symptomatic malaria. The second group consisted of 151 individuals with asymptomatic malaria while the third group (control group) consisted of 174 apparently healthy individuals without malaria as of the time of investigation. A sample of 2mL of blood was withdrawn from each participant for examination of malaria parasite. Thick and thin Giemsa stained blood smear were prepared for malaria parasite identification. Tasters and non-tasters were determined among the participants using phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste strips.
Fundamental Limitations in Sequential Prediction and Recursive Algorithms: Lp Bounds via an Entropic Analysis

In this paper, we obtain fundamental ${\mathcal{L}_p}$ bounds in sequential prediction and recursive algorithms via an entropic analysis. Both classes of problems are examined by investigating the underlying entropic relationships of the data and/or noises involved, and the derived lower bounds may all be quantified in a conditional entropy characterization. We also study the conditions to achieve the generic bounds from an innovations’ viewpoint.
Ellagic Acid attenuated High Blood Pressure, but not Regresses Cardiac Remodelling in L-NAME-induced Hypertensive Rat

Ellagic acid (EA) is a naturally polyphenolic compound, it has been shown to be a potent benefit for antioxidant property. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of EA on blood pressure, cardiac wall dimension in nitric oxide-deficient hypertensive rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in drinking water to induce hypertension, and simultaneously treated with EA (L-NAME+EA group), or a vehicle (L-NAME). Age-matched rats served as a control group. Systolic blood pressure, body weight, ventricular weight and heart weight were determined. Heart wall thickness and cross-sectional areas were evaluated. Systolic blood pressure in L-NAME+EA rats was significantly lower than those in L-NAME (p<0.05). EA did not affect on the relative heart weight and ventricular cross-section area. In conclusion, EA has antihypertensive property in nitric oxide deficiency model but did not effect to a remodelling of the cardiac wall. บทคัดย่อ แอลลาจิคแอซิดคือสารประกอบฟีโนลิคซึ่งมีประสิทธิภาพดีในการต้านอนุมูลอิสระ วัตถุประสงค ์ ของการศึกษาในคร้ังนี้เพื่อศึกษาผลการป้องกันของแอลลาจิคแอซิดต่อความดันเลือด ขนาดและน�้าหนัก ของหัวใจในหนูที่ท�าให้เกิดความดันเลือดสูงจากภาวะพร่องไนตริกออกไซด์ หนูขาวเพศผู้ถูกเหน่ียวน�าให้เกิด ความดันเลือดสูงโดยได้รับ N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) ในน�้าดื่มร่วมกับแอลลาจิค แอซิด (กลุ่ม L-NAME+EA) หรือ กลุ่มได้รับ L-NAME อย่างเดียว (L-NAME) และกลุ่มควบคุม โดยวัดค่าความดันเลือด น�้าหนักตัว น�้าหนักหัวใจห้องล่างและน�้าหนักของหัวใจทั้งหมด รวมทั้งศึกษาความหนา 1 Correspondent author: ton_pt_kku@hotmail.com * Student, Master of Science in Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University ** Student, Doctor of Philosophy in Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University *** Student, Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University **** Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University ***** Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University KKU Res J (GS) 13 (3) : July September 2013 5
Longitudinal Changes in Children's Accelerometer-derived Activity Pattern Metrics.

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to quantify age-related changes in accelerometer-derived day-level physical activity and sedentary behavior pattern metrics (i.e., number, length, and temporal dispersion of bouts and breaks) across three years of middle childhood. Differences by child sex and weekend vs. weekday were examined. METHOD Children (N = 169, 54% female, 56% Hispanic; 8-12 years old at enrollment) participated in a longitudinal study with six assessments across three years. Day-level moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; i.e., total min, number of short [<10 min] bouts, proportion of long [≥20 min] bouts, temporal dispersion) and sedentary behavior (i.e., total min, number of breaks, proportion of long [≥60 min] bouts, temporal dispersion) pattern metrics were measured using a waist-worn accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X). RESULTS Random intercept multilevel linear regression models showed that age-related decreases in the number of short MVPA bouts per were steeper for girls vs. boys (b= -1.28, 95% CI -1.93 to -0.64; p<.01) and on weekend days vs. weekdays (b= -1.82, 95% CI -2.36 to -1.29; p<.01). The evenness of the temporal dispersion of MVPA across the day increased more on weekend days vs. weekdays as children got older (b= -0.02, 95% CI -0.02 to -0.01; p<.01). Girls had steeper age-related decreases in the number of sedentary breaks per day (b= -2.89, 95% CI -3.97 to -1.73; p<.01) and the evenness of the temporal dispersion of sedentary behavior across the day (b= <0.01, 95% CI <0.01 to 0.01; p<.01) than boys. Changes in sedentary behavior metrics did not differ between weekend days vs. weekdays. CONCLUSION Strategies to protect against declines in short physical activity bouts and promote sedentary breaks, especially among girls and on weekend days, could reduce cardiometabolic risks.