Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RISTO KUNELIUS ESA REUNANEN

In academic and popular discourse, the power of media in current globalised and “postdemocratic” societies is often discussed with the notion of “mediatisation. ” It suggests, for example, that media institutions are increasingly infl uential because they dictate the way issues are framed for public discussion. Consequently, other institutional actors (in politics, science, religion) have had to internalise a “media logic” in order to sustain their power and legitimate their actions. Recent studies of mediatisation largely ignore Jürgen Habermas’ early use of the term “mediatization” in order to analyse the relationship between system imperatives and lifeworlds. While at fi rst this use may seem distant to recent concerns, a return to Habermas can enhance the theorising of mediatisation and media power in two ways. First, by underscoring the importance of a system-theoretic vocabulary it helps to unpack the notion of “media logic” and narrow down the specifi c power resource of the media (i.e. what is the “medium” of the media). Second, by articulating a fundamental criticism of system-theoretic vocabulary it opens a normative perspective for an evaluation of the media’s democratic function (i.e. the “quality” of mediatisation). This essay highlights, elaborates and illustrates each of these potential contributions by looking at journalism research in general and drawing on a recent empirical study on the mediatisation of political decisionmaking in Finland. RISTO KUNELIUS
Pseudohypoparathyroidism, a Novel Mutation in the βγ-Contact Region of Gsα Impairs Receptor Stimulation*

Pseudohypoparathyroidism, type Ia (PHP-Ia), is a dominantly inherited endocrine disorder characterized by resistance to hormones that act by stimulating adenylyl cyclase. It is caused by inheritance of an autosomal mutation that inactivates the α subunit (αs) of Gs, the stimulatory regulator of adenylyl cyclase. In three members of a family, the PHP-Ia phenotype is associated with a mutation (R231H) that substitutes histidine for an arginine at position 231 in αs. We assessed signaling function of αs-WT versus αs-R231H transiently transfected in HEK293 cells. Hormone receptor-dependent stimulation of cAMP accumulation in cells expressing αs-R231H is reduced by ∼75% in comparison to cAMP accumulation in cells expressing αs-WT. A second mutation, αs-R201C, inhibits the GTPase turnoff reaction of αs, thus producing receptor-independent stimulation of cAMP accumulation. The double mutant, αs-R231H/R201C, stimulates cAMP accumulation almost as well (∼80%) as does αs-R201C itself, indicating that the R231H mutation selectively impairs receptor-dependent signaling. In three-dimensional structures of G protein heterotrimers, Arg-231 is located in a region, switch 2, that is thought to interact with the βγ subunit rather than with the hormone receptor. Thus, the R231H phenotype suggests that switch 2 (perhaps in concert with βγ) mediates G protein activation by receptors at a site distant from the receptor-G protein contact surface.
Profiles of Organic Acid and Volatile Compounds in Acid-Type Cheeses Containing Herbs and Spices (Surk Cheese)

A study was conducted to evaluate the basic chemical composition, organic acids, volatile compound profiles, and overall acceptability of Surk cheese (acid cheese). The organic acids were determined by reverse phase high performance liqued chromatography method, and volatile compounds were analyzed by static headspace/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique. A total of 134 volatile compounds, including 42 esters, 40 terpenes, 15 alcohos, 11 free fatty acids, 6 ketones, 5 aldehydes, 4 alkenes, 4 phenyl propanoids, 3 phenolics, and 4 other compounds, were identified in the Surk cheeses. The main compounds were found to be carvacrol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, butanoic acid, and eugenol. The mean total organic acid content of the Surk cheese was 1.71 g/100 g. The main organic acid in the Surk cheese was lactic acid (1067 mg/100 g), followed by acetic, propionic, oxalic, formic, citric, pyruvic, orotic, hippuric, and uric acids.
Plasticity of Yield Components in Response to Stress in Sesbania macrocarpa and Sesbania vesicaria (Leguminosae)

The effects of limited moisture, limited nutrients, and defoliation on the subsequent allocation to yield components were measured in Sesbania macrocarpa and S. vesicaria in order to test the hypotheses that all yield components might be involved in the regulation of reproduction and that patterns of plasticity in reproduction may be species-specific. In S. vesicaria, the number of fruits per flower was the only yield component consistently reduced below the control. In S. macrocarpa, the responses to mild stress were reductions in the number of seeds per ovule and in seed weight, components of yield probably determined later than the number of fruits per flower. Severe stresses resulted in a change in flower number. Both the pattern and the amount of plasticity in yield components differed significantly between the species. Differences in responses to the same stresses may represent different adaptations resulting from variation in the importance of each component of yield for the successful reproduction of the two species in slightly different habitats. Within species, half-sib families differed in the amount, but not in the kind, of plastic response. Each species appears to be genetically invariant for plastic response in the same yield component, fruit survivorship, even though the overall pattern of plastic response differed between the species. Perhaps developmentally early yield components are genetically fixed to be either variable or stable, and responses in developmentally later yield components are determined by the levels of change in the earlier yield components.
Tuning Logical Argumentation Frameworks: A Postulate-Derived Approach

Logical argumentation is a well-known approach to modelling nonmonotonic reasoning with conﬂicting information. In this paper we provide a proof-theoretic study of properties of logical argumentation frameworks. Given some desider-ata in terms of rationality postulates, we consider the conditions that an argumentation framework should fulﬁll for the desiderata to hold. The rationality behind this approach is to assist designers to “plug-in” pre-deﬁned formalisms according to actual needs. This work extends related research on the subject in several ways: more postulates are characterized, a more abstract notion of arguments is considered, and it is shown how the nature of the attack rules (subset attacks versus direct attacks) affects the properties of the whole setting.
Geosmin and Musty-Muddy Flavors in Pond-Raised Channel Catfish

Abstract Monthly sensory (taste) analyses of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus from 11 commercial culture ponds in Alabama during April-October 1983 showed that earthy-musty flavor was the major off-flavor during the summer growing season. Geosmin (1,10-trans-dimethyl-trans-(9)-decalol) was found by gas chromatography in detectable amounts, 3.7 to over 200 μg/kg of fish flesh, in 80% of fish having earthy-musty or detritus (pond mud) flavor. Geosmin was not found in fish without these flavors. The geosmin analysis procedure used in this study recovered 68 to 85% of geosmin added to fish flesh, at concentrations ranging from 8 to 32 μg/kg, with relatively high consistency (SD = 2.5–3.3). Reproducibility in analysis of fish with naturally occurring geosmin (6–15 μg/kg fish) was also favorable (coefficients of variation, 100˙SD/mean, 6.9–16.8%). The compound 2-methylisoborneol, found in muddy-flavored rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, could not be confirmed as an off-flavor compound in channel catfish. The us.
Macrophage sequestration of HIV-1 enhances homeostatic-related systems in promoting viral spread and replication

Decisive modulatory systems of compromise and systems of dynamic turnover in lymphoid cells and macrophages are activated by repeated bursts of viremia and as promotional schemes of representation of subsequent spread and replication of HIV-1. In such operative systems of micro-environmental conditioning and reconditioning, a significant mechanism towards the turnover of specific cell-types occurs within context of sequestration within macrophages and circulating monocytes. Dendritic cells in germinal follicles and within specific organs such as the Langerhans cells of the skin are allied to dysfunctionality of such cellular subtypes as exemplified by the resident microglia of the central nervous system. Decisive perturbation in cell-type number and in dysfunctional activation indicate an exquisite modulatory role for HIV-1 in promoting homeostatic-related mechanisms within organs and tissues towards utilization in terms of viral dynamics and cytokine operability. In such manner, HIV-1 replication is itself a system of promotion in spread of viruses across cell-type and host cell specificities that tend to characterize and recharacterize systems of cytokine network operability in particular.
The attitudes, perceptions and experiences of medical school applicants following the closure of schools and cancellation of public examinations in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional questionnaire study of UK medical applicants

Objective Describe the experiences and views of medical applicants from diverse social backgrounds following the closure of schools and universities and the cancellation of public examinations in the UK due to COVID-19. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire study, part of the longitudinal UK Medical Applicant Cohort Study (UKMACS). Setting UK medical school admissions in 2020. Participants 2887 participants completed an online questionnaire from 8 April to 22 April 2020. Eligible participants had registered to take the University Clinical Admissions Test in 2019 and agreed to be invited to take part, or had completed a previous UKMACS questionnaire, had been seriously considering applying to medicine in the UK for entry in 2020, and were UK residents. Main outcome measures Views on calculated grades, views on medical school admissions and teaching in 2020 and 2021, reported experiences of education during the national lockdown. Results Respondents were concerned about the calculated grades that replaced A-level examinations: female and Black Asian and Minority Ethnic applicants felt teachers would find it difficult to grade and rank students accurately, and applicants from non-selective state schools and living in deprived areas had concerns about the standardisation process. Calculated grades were generally not considered fair enough to use in selection, but were considered fair enough to use in combination with other measures including interview and aptitude test scores. Respondents from non-selective state (public) schools reported less access to educational resources compared with private/selective school pupils, less online teaching in real time and less time studying during lockdown. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has and will have significant and long-term impacts on the selection, education and performance of our medical workforce. It is important that the views and experiences of applicants from diverse backgrounds are considered in decisions affecting their future and the future of the profession.
“In vivo” and “in vitro” degradability of diets for Parmigiano Reggiano cheese production

Abstract In vitro” Dry Matter (IVDMD) and fiber degradability (IVNDFD) dynamics were determined for Total Mixed Rations (TMR) typical of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese area. The same parameters were estimated on some of these ration also “in vivo” on a group of fresh cows. “In vivo” trial showed values of 62.21 and 44.82% for DMD and NDFD respectively, while average IVDMD was 67.48 and 74.33% at 24 and 48 hours respectively. At the same intervals IVNDFD was of 49.32 and 62.61%, indicating an high fiber digestibility of fresh cow. Based on the “in vitro” equations and the “in vivo” values, the ruminal retention time was estimated to be of about 21 hours for DMD and of 19 hours for NDFD.
Effects of Caponization on Meat Quality of Hinai-jidori Chicken

Hinai-dori is a breed of chicken native to Akita Prefecture. The crossbred (Hinai-dori sire×Rhode Island Red) have been commercialized as Hinai-jidori and popular in Japan. Because the taste of male meat is not suitable for the indigenous dish, Kiritanpo stew, Hinai-jidori male has not been used commercially. This paper analyses the effects of caponization at 8 weeks on the meat quality of Hinai-jidori chicken slaughtered at 26 weeks. The thigh and breast meat were used for meat quality analyses, i.e., chemical compositions (moisture, crude protein, and ether extract), meat color, fatty acid composition and histological observations. Caponization caused its meat to be more fat and to decrease redness as compared with males. Caponization resulted in change of the fatty acid profile of thigh meat which was similar to the meat from females. Capon meat became more tender as compared with uncaponized bird and similar in tenderness to female. Regarding muscle structure, it was observed that capons had less connective tissue and thin endomysium as compared with males. These data suggest that caponization improves meat quality and can make unused male chicks usable in the production of Hinai-jidori chickens.
Mechanical ventilation utilization in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic with a viral infection called COVID19. The disease usually causes respiratory symptoms but in a small proportion of patients can lead to pneumonitis, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and death. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) is considered a life-saving treatment for COVID19 patients and a huge demand for IMV devices was reported globally. This review aims to provide insight into the initial IMV practices for COVID19 patients in the initial phase of the pandemic. Methods: Electronic databases (Embase and MEDLINE) were searched for applicable articles using relevant keywords. The references of included articles were hand searched. Articles that reported the use of IMV in adult COVID19 patients were included in the review. The NIH quality assessment tool for cohort and cross-sectional studies was used to appraise studies. Results: 106 abstracts were identified from the databases search, of which 16 were included. 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 9988 patients were included across all studies. The overall cases of COVID-19 requiring IMV ranged from 2-77%. Increased age and pre-existing comorbidities increased the likelihood of IMV requirement. The reported mortality rate in patients receiving IMV ranged between 50-100%. On average, IMV was required and initiated between 10-17 days from symptoms onset. When ventilated, COVID19 patients required IMV for a median of 10-17 days across studies. Little information was provided on ventilatory protocols or management strategies. Conclusion: In these initial reporting studies for the first month of the pandemic, patients receiving IMV were older and had more pre-existing co-morbidities than those who did not require IMV. The mortality rate was high in COVID19 patients who received IMV. Studies are needed to evaluate protocols and modalities of IMV to improve outcomes and identify the populations most likely to benefit from IMV.
Nutrient and water flux in a small arctic watershed: an overview

The “Response, Resistance, Resilience to, and Recovery from Disturbance in Arctic Ecosystems” (R4D) program initially concentrated on impacts of altered water and nutrient inputs on tussock tundra vegetation. The intensive site is at Imnavait Creek (68°C 37′ N, 149° 17′ E), near Toolik Lake. Alaska in the foothills of the Brooks Range, approximately 200 km south of Prudhoe Bay. Tussock tundra was selected for initial study because it has an extensive distribution in the Alaskan Arctic (80% of the arctic region), the majority of the pipeline corridor north of the Brooks Range passes through tussock tundra, and disturbances of arctic tundra are expected to occur in the future. Also important is that 18% of the circumpolar arctic primary productivity and 47% of the circumpolar arctic stored carbon are in tussock tundra. Water and nutrient additions were performed because they frequently accompany disturbance and development in the Arctic. Emphasis was placed on determining responses of physical, physiological, and ecosystem processes to environmental change in such a way that extrapolations to other areas would be facilitated. The hills near Imnavait Creek are covered by glacial till of the Sagavanirktok River glaciation. with a deep organic layer on the less exposed hill slopes and valleys. The vegetation is dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum L. , Betula nana L. , Vaccirtium uliginosum L, Vaccinium viiis-idaea L. , Ledum palustre L. , Salix pulcbra L. , and Sphagnum spp. Winds were rarely calm but seldom exceed 17 m s−1, generally from the east-southeast to the south-southwest (66%). Precipitation in 1986 was 344 mm, about half of which was snowfall. Mean temperature in 1986 was −8.1°C, with an absolute minimum of −43°C. Mean July temperature was between 9.8 and 13.7°C. Nutrients are more mobile than previously thought, moving an estimated 10 m downslope in the first growing season. It underscores the importance of the winter environment to biological and hydrological processes. Greater water flow results in increased plant growth rates, leaf area, and biomass. Effects of changes in nutrient and water supply on photosynthesis were minimal. Where increases in productivity took place, they occurred more likely as a result of changes in allocation patterns, including an initial redirection of carbohydrate stores to new leaf development, than from increases in photosynthetic rates. The work reported here indicates that the downslope transmission of nutrient and water flow effects caused by altered drainage and nutrient supply may result in a larger area of impact than previously thought.
The Effect Of Computer Self-Efficacy, Computer Anxiety, And Perceived Enjoyment On The Attitudes Computer Users

: This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, and perceived enjoyment on attitudes using computers. This study used a survey method with data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The population of 444 students with a sample of 210 students was taken using random sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling from AMOS statistical software package and the results showed that (1) computer self-efficacy has a significant influence on attitudes; (2) computer anxiety has a significant influence on attitudes; (3) perceived enjoyment has a significant influence on attitudes in using computers. The implications of this study are expected to contribute to the development of science and technology with the Technology Acceptance Model and Social Cognitive Theory which theoretically can provide evidence and support for the advancement of research in the scope of behavioral accounting, can be used as a reference for SMK. Negeri I Jeneponto in accounting department in improving the quality of the learning process, as well as providing insight for students so as to produce outstanding graduates who are able to accept technological developments.
The role of children in the spread of COVID-19: Using household data from Bnei Brak, Israel, to estimate the relative susceptibility and infectivity of children

One of the significant unanswered questions about COVID-19 epidemiology relates to the role of children in transmission. In this study we estimate susceptibility and infectivity of children compared to those of adults. Understanding the age-structured transmission dynamics of the outbreak provides precious and timely information to guide epidemic modelling and public health policy. Data were collected from households in the city of Bnei Brak, Israel, in which all household members were tested for COVID-19 using PCR. To estimate relative transmission parameters in the absence of data on who infected whom, we developed an estimation method based on a discrete stochastic dynamic model of the spread of the epidemic within a household. The model describes the propagation of the disease between household members allowing for susceptibility and infectivity parameters to vary among two age groups. The parameter estimates are obtained by a maximum likelihood method, where the likelihood function is computed based on the stochastic model via simulations. Inspection of the data reveals that children are less likely to become infected compared to adults (25% of children infected over all households, 44% of adults infected over all households, excluding index cases), and the chances of becoming infected increases with age. An interesting exception is that infants up to age one year are more likely to be infected than children between one and four. Using our modelling approach, we estimate that the susceptibility of children (under 20 years old) is 45% [40%, 55%] of the susceptibility of adults. The infectivity of children was estimated to be 85% [65%,110%] relative to that of adults. It is widely observed that the percentage of children within confirmed cases is low. A common explanation is that children who are infected are less likely to develop symptoms than adults, and thus are less likely to be tested. We estimate that children are less susceptible to infection, which is an additional factor explaining their relatively low rate of occurrence within confirmed cases. Moreover, our results indicate that children, when infected, are somewhat less prone to infect others compared to adults; however, this result is not statistically significant. The resulting estimates of susceptibility and infectivity of children compared to adults are crucial for deciding on appropriate interventions, and for controlling the epidemic outbreak and its progress. These estimates can guide age-dependent public health policy such as school closure and opening. However, while our estimates of children's susceptibility and infectivity are lower than those of adults within a household, it is important to bear in mind that their role in the spread of COVID-19 outside the household, is also affected by different contact patterns and hygiene habits.
Prevalence and infection intensity of the biocontrol agent Paranosema locustae (Microsporidia) in field-collected, newly-associated hosts (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae)

Abstract Host range, prevalence, and infection intensity of Paranosema locustae in grasshoppers at an establishment site in Patagonia, Argentina, were recorded. Results agreed with earlier observations at other introduction-establishment areas. Affected grasshoppers were melanoplines (Baeacris punctulatus, Dichroplus elongatus, Dichroplus maculipennis). Sporulation was not observed in instars I, II, and III.