Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adult diet in England: Where is more support needed to achieve dietary recommendations?

Background Small-area estimation models are regularly commissioned by public health bodies to identify areas of greater inequality and target areas for intervention in a range of behaviours and outcomes. Such local modelling has not been completed for diet consumption in England despite diet being an important predictor of health status. The study sets out whether aspects of adult diet can be modelled from previously collected data to define and evaluate area-level interventions to address obesity and ill-health. Methods Adults aged 16 years and over living in England. Consumption of fruit, vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are modelled using small-area estimation methods in English neighbourhoods (Middle Super Output Areas [MSOA]) to identify areas where reported portions are significantly different from recommended levels of consumption. The selected aspects of diet are modelled from respondents in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey using pooled data from 2008–2016. Results Estimates indicate that the average prevalence of adults consuming less than one portion of fruit, vegetables or 100% juice each day by MSOA is 6.9% (range of 4.3 to 14.7%, SE 0.06) and the average prevalence of drinking more than 330ml/day of SSB is 11.5% (range of 5.7 to 30.5%, SE 0.03). Credible intervals around the estimates are wider for SSB consumption. The results identify areas including regions in London, urban areas in the North of England and the South coast which may be prioritised for targeted interventions to support reduced consumption of SSB and/or an increase in portions of fruit and vegetables. Conclusion These estimates provide valuable information at a finer spatial scale than is presently feasible, allowing for within-country and locality prioritisation of resources to improve diet. Local, targeted interventions to improve fruit and vegetable consumption such as subsidies or voucher schemes should be considered where consumption of these foods is predicted to be low.
Virulence Reversion in Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that imposes a heavy burden on society. What sets this pathogen apart is the sheer spectrum of infections it can cause, which range from benign skin and soft tissue infections to lethal endocarditis and bacteraemia. The ability of S. aureus to cause this gamut of infections is conferred by its arsenal of virulence factors that are under the control of the Accessory Gene Regulator (Agr) system. However, a large proportion of clinical isolates have inactivating mutations in this important regulatory system. We previously showed that, contrary to the common dogma, not all these mutations are evolutionary ‘dead-ends’ and a fraction are phase variants which can revert to an Agr active state. Here we report that some Agr deficient isolates can revert a haemolytic phenotype without repairing their Agr system. We collected a series of 30 Agr negative primary patient samples in order to assess the significance of our previous findings on the existence of Agr phase variants. We used primary samples to avoid strains that had undergone multiple clonal expansions before being tested for reversibility. We assessed Agr reversibility by serially passaging strains and screening for phenotypic reversion of haemolysis. We show that two strains reverted haemolysis and one reverted alpha haemolysin activity without any genetic changes in agr (and hla for the alpha revertant). These results add further complexity to the phenomenon of Agr shutdown observed in the clinical setting and corroborate recent findings of compensatory mutations arising in Agr deficient clinical strains.
Determination of the harvest time of sugar apples (Annona squamosa L.) in function of carpel interspace

Sugar apples have attracted attention in recent years due to their medicinal and nutritional properties. However, the shelf life of sugar apples is one of the most concerning problems owing to their perishability. This work aimed to determine the ideal harvest time for sugar apple fruits in relation to different classes of carpel interspaces. Therefore, fruits were classified into three stages according to the carpel interspace: stage 1 (0.0 2.0 mm); stage 2 (2.1 3.0 mm); and stage 3 (3.0 4.0 mm). After harvesting, the fruits were evaluated daily in the laboratory regarding their physical and physicochemical aspects until they reached the point of consumption (horticultural maturation). The following variables were evaluated: fruit diameter and length (mm); fruit, peel, pulp, and seed masses (g); color index, including the chromatic attributes L* (luminosity), C* (chroma), and h* (hue angle); bark firmness (N); soluble solids (°Brix); titratable acidity (g citric acid 100 g of pulp); pulp yield; and ratio SS/TA. Fruits at stage 3 showed larger diameters, less firmness, and better chromaticity means. Fruits at stages 2 and 3 had eight days of postharvest life. However, fruits at stage 2 took longer for 50% of the fruits to be ready for consumption. The results demonstrate that stages 2 and 3 can be determinants for the harvest time of sugar apples.
COVID-19 Impacts on Bank Stability in a Liquidity-Backed Environment

The Great Recession has been more of a bank governance issue. In the COVID-19 crisis, the liquidity needs of firms have been the immediate problem due to lockdowns and banks have responded to these with the support of government and central bank programs. Our paper is the first evaluating the impact of the geographic exposure to COVID-19 on bank stability and performance in such a liquidity-backed environment. We find that bank stability and performance worsen by COVID-19 exposure. The liquidity injections seem to be only helpful for banks with higher equity capital capacity that were able to increase loan supply. We also find that banks operating in locations with high-density black populations suffer from COVID-19 exposure while their peers do not, potentially hinting at differences in accessibility to credit expansion.
Isotopic Tracers for Combustion Research

ABSTRACT This review article deals with the use of isotopic tracers in the field of combustion science. A number of researchers have reported the use of isotopic techniques, which have been employed to solve a wide range of combustion problems. Radioactive and stable isotopes have been utilized as tracers, including isotopes of carbon (13C and 14C), oxygen (18O), and deuterium (D). One of the main applications has been to quantitatively determine the propensity of a molecule in a mixture, or specific atom within a molecule, to form pollutant emissions. Tracer studies have also been used for the elucidation of combustion reaction pathways, and kinetic rate constant determination of elementary reactions. A number of analytical techniques have been used for isotope detection; and the merits of some of the different techniques are discussed in the context of combustion research. This article concludes by exploring emerging methods and potential future techniques and applications.
Fractions of soil organic and inorganic carbon and their relationships in typical loess cropland of Fenggu Basin

There is evidence of connections between soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) in dryland of north China. However, fractions of SOC and SIC and the relationship are not well understood in the Loess Plateau that undergoes profound erosion and redeposition. A study was conducted in low-elevation cropland of Loess Plateau across two distinctive basins: Lingfeng basin (LFB) with lower soil pH (< 8.4) and subject to erosion-redeposition, and Yuncheng basin (YCB) with higher soil pH (> 8.6) and under the influence of the Yellow River. Soil samples were collected from 30 sites over 100 cm. We determined SOC, SIC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and other properties. Above 100 cm, SOC stock is significantly higher in LFB (10.0 ± 2.6 kg C m− 2) than in YCB (6.9 ± 1.5 kg C m− 2), but SIC lower in LFB (14.0 ± 2.5 kg C m− 2) than in YCB (17.0 ± 5.7 kg C m− 2). We find a significantly negative correlation between SOC and SIC stocks in LFB, but no clear relationship in YCB. On average, DOC:SOC ratio is significantly higher below 40 cm in YCB (1.9%) than LFB (1.2%), indicating stronger DOC desorption in YCB that has stronger hydrological process due to the influence of the Yellow River. Overall, SOC has a negative correlation with SIC and soil pH, and DOC:SOC ratio has a significantly positive correlation with soil pH. Our analyses suggest that erosion/re-deposition of topsoil is partly responsible for the negative SIC-SOC relationship in LFB, and high soil pH and stronger hydrological processes are attributable to relatively lower levels of SOC in YCB. This study highlights that soil carbon fractions in the lowland of Loess Plateau are influenced by many drivers, which leads to complex relationships between major soil carbon pools.
A road less traveled in nostalgia marketing: impact of spiritual well-being on effects of nostalgic advertisements

ABSTRACT Spiritual well-being plays an integral role in the reconstruction of past events. In this direction, the current study investigates how differences in individuals’ spiritual well-being elicit different cognitive and emotional responses to nostalgic ads. And how such differences in spiritual well-being lead to the different purchase intention of nostalgic products. We displayed a series of old Indian ads to respondents and found spiritual well-being influenced ad-evoked nostalgia and purchase intention of nostalgic products positively. Our study contributes to a road less traveled in nostalgia marketing and necessitates marketers to consider audiences’ spiritual well-being before applying nostalgic appeal.
What Can Analysts Learn from Artificial Intelligence about Fundamental Analysis?

We apply a machine learning algorithm to estimate Nissim and Penman’s (2001) structural framework that decomposes profitability into increasingly disaggregated profitability drivers. Our approach explicitly accommodates the non-linearities that precluded Nissim and Penman from estimating their framework. We find that out-of-sample profitability forecasts from our approach are generally more accurate than those of benchmark models. We use the profitability forecasts to estimate intrinsic values using the financial statement analysis design choices in Nissim and Penman’s framework and find that hypothetical investing strategies based on these value estimates generate risk-adjusted returns. Design choices that improve performance include increasingly granular disaggregation, a focus on core items, and long-horizon forecasts of operating performance. Perhaps surprisingly, we find only mixed evidence of benefits from incorporating historical financial statement information from beyond the current period.
An evaluation of biochar pre-conditioned with urea ammonium nitrate on maize (Zea mays L.) production and soil biochemical characteristics

Dil, M. , Oelbermann, M. and Xue, W. 2014. An evaluation of biochar pre-conditioned with urea ammonium nitrate on maize (Zea mays L.) production and soil biochemical characteristics. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 551-562. Biochar can enhance soil fertility, plant nutrient uptake and crop production. Using a potted study, we quantified the effects of adding biochar at 1 t ha-1 (Char), biochar pre-conditioned with urea ammonium nitrate [UAN (Char+)], or UAN only to a control (Contr) with no amendments on maize (Zea mays L.) biomass production, tissue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, N uptake (NU), N utilization efficiency (NUtE), and soil chemistry and biology in coarse-, medium- and fine-textured soils over 6 wk. Soil pH decreased (P<0.05) in Char+ and UAN treatments for all soil textures. Soil organic carbon (SOC) increased (P<0.05) in the coarse and medium textured soil in Char and Char+ treatments. Soil ammonium and soil nitrate were different (P<0.05) among treatments; increasing or decreasing depending upon soil texture. Soil microbial biomass C was lowest (P<0.05) in the UAN treatment for all soil textures. Soil potential microbial activity was significantly greater in the coarse-textured soil in only the Char and Char+ treatments. Maize biomass, tissue N concentration, and NU increased (P<0.05) in soils amended with Char+ or UAN only. NUtE was lower (P<0.05) in Char+ and UAN treatments in the coarse- and medium-textured soils, but this was reversed for the fine-textured soil.
Pests of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) in Western Kenya

Productivity of oyster mushrooms has been hampered by pests but little is known about them. Pest spectrum of oyster mushroom on farms in western Kenya was investigated. Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus was established at three sites namely; old mushroom farm, new mushroom farm and on-station during short rains, dry season and long rains in Butere constituency Kakamega County between September 2012 and August 2013. Pests were sampled weekly and identified using taxonomic keys at the National Museums of Kenya. The mite Pygmephorus spp. (Acaridae) and dipterans Megaselia scalaris (Phoridae), Bradysia spp. (Sciaridae), Culicoides spp. (Ceratopogonidae) and Anatrichus spp. (Chloropidae) were identified. All the other pests except Bradysia spp. were reported at the three sites across the three seasons. The incidences of all these pests were reported only during the incubation phase of oyster mushroom. Incidences of M. scalaris were 42% of the total four pests that were sampled followed by Culicoides spp. at 33% with that of Pygmephorus spp. being 17% while that of Anatrichus spp. being 8%. Pygmephorus spp. was vectored by M. scalaris hence the incidence of Pygmephorus spp. depended on M. scalaris. These two pests were found to be pests of economic importance in oyster mushroom production causing both direct and indirect damage on oyster mushroom. The old mushroom farm reported high incidences of these two pests, with the new mushroom farm recording the lowest incidences. Equally the short rains recorded high incidences these two pests with long rains recording low incidences. Although Bradysia spp. has been considered a major mushroom pest, it was found to be a minor in the area of study.
Automatic Detection of Lupus Butterfly Malar Rash Based on Transfer Learning

This work presents an approach to the automatic detection of Butterfly Malar Rash (BMR) in images. BMR is a Lupus symptom characterized by a reddish facial rash that appears symmetrically in the cheeks and the back of the nose. The proposed approach is based on Transfer Learning, a popular approach in Deep Learning that consists in the use of pre-trained models as the starting point for computer vision and natural language processing tasks. To perform the experiments, a database was created with images manually collected from the Instagram social network, searching for images with #butterflyrash. We evaluated the proposed approach with eight Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) architecture. The experimental results are good results, with a precision of up to 0.957.
Comparaison lapin « Bio » / lapin standard : Caractéristiques des carcasses et composition chimique de 6 muscles de la cuisse

Comparison between organic and standard rabbit breeding system: carcass traits and chemical composition of 6 muscles from the leg. Conventional rabbits (n=15) and organic rabbits (15 males: Bio_M and 15 females: Bio_F) were compared. Carcass traits, water, lipids and collagen contents of 6 muscles from the leg were analysed. Conventional and organic rabbits were simultaneously slaughtered at 71 (2.3 kg) and 105 days of age (2.4 kg), respectively. Carcass yield and back proportion were higher while adiposity was lower in organic than in conventional rabbits. Leg cooking losses were the lowest in organic female rabbits and the highest in conventional rabbits. Bone to meat ratio of the leg and water content and collagen solubility of 6 muscles of the leg were not influenced by breeding system. Intramuscular lipids content was lower in organic than in conventional rabbit in abductor cruralis cranialis, biceps femoris (BF) and semimembranosus (SM) muscle. Fore part water content and ToBEC value, collagen content of BF and vastus lateralis muscles were higher while BF and semitendinosus lipids content were lower in organic male rabbit than in female.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ORMELOXIFENE AND CYCLICAL PROGESTERONE (NORETHISTERONE) IN OVULATORY ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING

Objective-To determine the efficacy and safety of ormeloxifene versus progesterone in controlling Ovulatory Abnormal Uterine Bleeding(AUB-O) Methods-A Prospective Randomized comparative study of total 100 females of reproductive age group 25 to 45 years with AUB-O.Patients were randomly divided in two groups of 50 each. Results-The study showed ormeloxifene was found to be more effective and safe than Norethisterone in AUB-O. Ormeloxifine as compared to norethisterone is more effective in improving Hb and reducing endometrial thickness. Hence, ORM is more superior than Norethisterone Conclusion-In this study ormeloxifene was found to be more effective in reducing blood loss,that leads to improvement in mean haemoglobin and also it had more ability to reduce endometrial thickness.As both ormeloxifene and norethisterone are very effectivebut ormeloxifene is safe , cost effective ,nonsteroidal, non hormonal drug with convenient dosage and better compliance for medical management of AUB-O.Hence, ormeloxifene canbe considered as first drugs in the management of AUB-O.
Charge and the dry-strength performance of polyampholytes. Part I: Handsheet properties and polymer solution viscosity

Nous avons accru la resistance du papier en ajoutant des copolymeres triples aleatoires ayant une proportion fixe des groupes monomeres basiques et acides a des suspensions de fibres kraft blanchies sur une vaste echelle de pH. Le traitement subsequent de la suspension de fibres avec du polychlorure d'aluminium a accru encore davantage la longueur de rupture a la traction. Par contre, le polychlorure d'aluminium avait tendance a reduire la contribution a la traction a l'etat sec d'un polyelectrolyte cationique ayant la meme masse et la meme teneur en monomere cationique que l'un des polyampholytes. L'ajout en dernier du polychlorure d'aluminium au melange visait a evaluer les interactions possibles des especes d'aluminium fraiches tres cationiques avec les polymeres et avec les surfaces des fibres. Nous proposons que les effets observes sont attribuables a l'influence du pH et des especes d'aluminium ioniques sur les conformations moleculaires, ainsi qu'au comportement electrocinetique des solides exposes aux polyampholytes. Les resultats des essais de viscosite de la solution ont indique d'autres conformations apres l'ajout de polychlorure d'aluminium, en particulier dans les cas ou des avantages de resistance a l'etat sec ont ete observes apres l'ajout de polychlorure d'aluminium.
Identifying Patients With Heart Failure Who Are Susceptible to De Novo Acute Kidney Injury: Machine Learning Approach

Background Studies have shown that more than half of patients with heart failure (HF) with acute kidney injury (AKI) have newonset AKI, and renal function evaluation markers such as estimated glomerular filtration rate are usually not repeatedly tested during the hospitalization. As an independent risk factor, delayed AKI recognition has been shown to be associated with the adverse events of patients with HF, such as chronic kidney disease and death. Objective The aim of this study is to develop and assess of an unsupervised machine learning model that identifies patients with HF and normal renal function but who are susceptible to de novo AKI. Methods We analyzed an electronic health record data set that included 5075 patients admitted for HF with normal renal function, from which 2 phenogroups were categorized using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm called K-means clustering. We then determined whether the inferred phenogroup index had the potential to be an essential risk indicator by conducting survival analysis, AKI prediction, and the hazard ratio test. Results The AKI incidence rate in the generated phenogroup 2 was significantly higher than that in phenogroup 1 (group 1: 106/2823, 3.75%; group 2: 259/2252, 11.50%; P<.001). The survival rate of phenogroup 2 was consistently lower than that of phenogroup 1 (P<.005). According to logistic regression, the univariate model using the phenogroup index achieved promising performance in AKI prediction (sensitivity 0.710). The generated phenogroup index was also significant in serving as a risk indicator for AKI (hazard ratio 3.20, 95% CI 2.55-4.01). Consistent results were yielded by applying the proposed model on an external validation data set extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III pertaining to 1006 patients with HF and normal renal function. Conclusions According to a machine learning analysis on electronic health record data, patients with HF who had normal renal function were clustered into separate phenogroups associated with different risk levels of de novo AKI. Our investigation suggests that using machine learning can facilitate patient phengrouping and stratification in clinical settings where the identification of high-risk patients has been challenging.
Effect of Administration of Combination of Captopril and Celery Extract on Blood Pressure and Electrolyte Levels of Hypertensive Rats

Based on previous reports, the combination of captopril and celery could reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to investigate the changes of blood pressure, urine volume, sodium, and potassium level, due to concomitant administration of captopril with celery extract orally in male rats induced by 4% NaCl. The blood pressure was measured using a non-invasive tail method. The urine and blood were collected, and the sodium, potassium concentration, and cumulative urine volume were measured. The combination of 5 mg/kgBW of captopril and 40 mg/kgBW of celery extract decreased the blood pressure in hypertensive rats better than 5 mg/kgBW of captopril alone. The fell in blood pressure was followed by an increase in urine volume. Urinary and serum sodium, serum potassium levels tended to increase in all treatment groups, but not significantly different from the healthy group. Urinary potassium levels tended to decrease except in the combined 5 mg/kgBW of captopril and 40 mg/kgBW of celery extract. In conclusion, oral administration of a combination of 5 mg/kgBW captopril and 40 mg/kgBW celery extract decreased the blood pressure to the standard value in NaCl-induced hypertension rats.