Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional Hypertrophy: The Effect of Exercises at Long and Short Muscle Lengths in Recreationally Trained Women

The aim of the present study was to analyse the role of exercises' resistance profile in regional hypertrophy. Thirty-eight healthy women completed a 9-week resistance training program consisting of either 4 sets of 12 repetitions to volitional failure of inclined bicep curls (INC group) or preacher curls (PREA group), three times per week. Pre- and post-intervention muscle thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasound imaging with a linear-array transducer. Scan acquisition sites were determined by measuring 50%, 60% and 70% of the distance between the posterior crest of the acromion and the olecranon. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. No region of the INC group grew when comparing pre- to post-intervention. The 70% region of the PREA group grew significantly (muscle thickness increased from 2.7 ± 0.43 cm to 2.94 ± 0.44 cm). We found no growth differences between regions when analysing per group (p = 0.274), region (p = 0.571) or group*region (p = 0.367). Our results show that the distal region of the arm grows in response to the preacher curl that places the highest amount of strain in the range of motion in which the arm muscles are more elongated.
Analysis Of The Career Adaptability Of Employees At The Bengkulu City Education And Training Personnel Agency

This research was conducted with the aim of examining more deeply the career adaptability of employees and human resource development at BKPP Bengkulu City. Where there are still employees of the BKKP of Bengkulu City who do not have awareness in carrying out their duties and there are still employees of the BKPP of Bengkulu City whose level of education and position is not appropriate. This study uses qualitative research methods and is analyzed using Sarvickas Theory, Mark L. which explains four dimensions in aspects of employee career adaptability including attention, control, curiosity and confidence. In addition, researchers also look at the development of human resources through training, promotion and employee mutation. Determination of informants in this study using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by observation, interviews, literature studies and documentation. The results obtained from this study show that there are still employees of the BKPP of Bengkulu City whose level of education and position are not appropriate, in addition to the four aspects of career adaptability it can also be concluded that BKPP employees of Bengkulu City still do not have full awareness of career development as employees
Thermospheric Nocturnal Wind Climatology Observed by Fabry–Perot Interferometers over the Asia–Oceania Region

This study shows the horizontal structure of climatology of thermospheric nocturnal winds at a height of approximately 250 km in the Asia–Oceania region for the first time using observations made with Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs; optical wavelength of 630.0 nm). The FPIs used in this study were located at Shigaraki (Japan, 34.8°N, 136.1°E), Chiang Mai (Thailand, 18.8°N, 98.9°E), Kototabang (Indonesia, 0.2°S, 100.3°E), and Darwin (Australia, 12.4°S, 131.0°E). The observation data underwent quality control that involved consideration of cloud information, wind speed value, and standard deviation of results obtained from synchronous fringe images; approximately 30 % of the observation data from all the four stations were deemed suitable for use. The nocturnal diurnal changes at Shigaraki according to the local solar time were generally consistent with changes in China at similar latitudes, although the amplitudes were slightly different. All four stations showed the continuous flow pattern of the nocturnal diurnal wind in each season. The Chiang Mai and Darwin stations observed seasonal/diurnal changes similar to those observed by stations at similar latitudes on the North and the South American continents. Although there were fewer samples for Chiang Mai, Kototabang, and Darwin in the rainy season compared to that for Shigaraki, the seasonal climatology reported here can be used to provide a background long-term average status for describing anomalous events and extremes having different causes.
Cluster analysis : algorithms, hazards and small area relative survival

Cluster Analysis: Algorithms, Hazards and Small Area Relative Survival This thesis presents research that has demonstrated the use of clustering algorithms in the analysis of datasets routinely collected by cancer registries. This involved a review of existing algorithms and their application in studies of spatial and temporal variations in cancer rates. As a result of continuing public and scientific concern there has been an increase in the numbers of cancer related enquiries in recent years that has helped to raise the profile of the work of cancer registries. There are no official guidelines on the approach to be taken in such studies in relation to cluster analysis. In this study, a variety of cluster algorithms were applied to leukaemia data collected by the Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit in order to propose an approach that could be adopted in future investigations of cancer incidence in Wales. For example, different methodologies have been employed to determine if an excess risk occurs near hazardous sources and one of the studies in the portfolio compares the results of using three methods to determine if an increased risk of cancer occurs in the vicinity of landfill sites and electric power lines. This uses new digital products that permit a more detailed estimation of the population at risk and permit a sensitivity analysis of the results of such investigations. In the third portfolio, analysis of relative survival at small area level has been made possible using a new level of geographical resolution that has recently been released in the United Kingdom. This study shows the benefits of using this new level of geography for small area studies of cancer survival where there are generally small numbers of deaths per spatial unit. It is anticipated that together these research studies will be of wider benefit to other registries in the UK charged with investigating spatial and temporal variations in cancer rates.
Measurement of polarized proton-proton elastic scattering at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)

MEASUREMENT OF POLARIZED PROTON PROTON ELASTIC SCATTERING AT THE RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLIDER (RHIC) Ivan Koralt Old Dominion University, 2013 Director: Dr. Stephen Biiltmann Elastic proton-proton (pp) scattering is one of the most fundamental processes in nature and yet, it is one of the most difficult to describe. There are two interactions involved in this process: electromagnetic (Coulomb) and hadronic (strong) interactions. Underlying exchange mechanisms of these two interactions are the virtual photon and the Pomeron exchange, respectively. The difficulty of elastic pp scattering arises from the fact th a t the nature of the Pomeron and its exchange are not well understood and need a theoretical approach, which is still under development. At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) a t Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) we are studying the hadronic interaction via the dynamics of high-energy pp collisions using the Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC (STAR) detector. The “Physics W ith Tagged Forward Protons At STAR” experiment, formerly known as the “pp2pp” experiment, is a part of STAR and it successfully conducted measurements of elastic scattering observables by the use of its forward particle detectors, known as Roman pots. In this dissertation I present the measurement of polarized pp elastic scattering a t RHIC. I describe the app2pp a t STAR” experiment focusing on elastic scattering observables from the data taken in Run9. I report the result of the experimental slope param eter B of the diffractive peak of the elastic cross-section at the center-of-mass energy y/s = 200 GeV in the four-momentum transfer squared t range 0.006 < |t| < 0.02 (G eV/c)2. I also present d a ta analysis techniques and Monte Carlo simulations developed for the analysis and improvement of the detector performance, correction of the recorded experimental data and an estim ate of systematic errors of this measurement. Copyright, 2013, by Ivan Koralt, All Rights Reserved.
Deflationary Nominalism and Puzzle Avoidance†

In a series of works, Jody Azzouni has defended deflationary nominalism, the view that certain sentences quantifying over mathematical objects are literally true, although such objects do not exist. One alleged attraction of this view is that it avoids various philosophical puzzles about mathematical objects. I argue that this thought is misguided. I first develop an ontologically neutral counterpart of Field’s reliability challenge and argue that deflationary nominalism offers no distinctive answer to it. I then show how this reasoning generalizes to other philosophically problematic entities. The moral is that puzzle avoidance fails to motivate deflationary nominalism.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Perceptions of Nigerian Secondary School Students towards Persistent Teacher Strikes: Analyzing Causes, Government Actions, and Teachers' Engagement

Teacher strikes have been a persistent issue in Nigeria, causing significant disruptions to the education system and negatively impacting students' learning outcomes. This study aims to examine the perceptions of Nigerian students regarding the causes of teacher strikes, the government's response, and the teachers' interest in strike actions. A random sample of 25 schools in Bayelsa state, located in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria, was selected for this cross-sectional study. A total of 200 senior secondary students were randomly recruited to complete a questionnaire. The findings reveal that the majority of students attribute the causes of teacher strikes to delayed salary payments and other factors. Additionally, students hold a highly negative perception of the government's actions in response to strikes, perceiving a lack of attention and responsiveness. Students believe that the government has become desensitized to the impact of these strikes. Furthermore, the study suggests that students view teachers as beneficiaries of the strike, utilizing the opportunity to engage in private businesses, travel, and pursue further studies. Based on the study's results, it is concluded that students perceive teachers as having personal gains from the strikes. The study offers recommendations to address the issue of incessant strikes and change students' perceptions. These recommendations aim to reduce the occurrence of strikes and foster a more positive perception of teachers and the government's response to strike actions. In conclusion, this research underscores the need for proactive measures to address the causes of strikes and improve government intervention, while also addressing students' perceptions and fostering a conducive learning environment.
Simulation of the Onset turbulent flow around a Isothermal Complex Geometries: an analysis of thermofluid dynamic flow

In this work, in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), more specifically in the area of thermofluid dynamics for two-dimensional flows (2D), and also considering, the fluid-body interaction, allied to the phenomena of heat-transfer by mixed convection and the beginning of processes of the turbulent flow phenomenon in the fluid-body interaction, a study is proposed that demonstrates the efficiency in the analysis and simulation of these complex phenomena. We adopt an Eulerian approach for a fixed mesh, which is intended to represent the thermofluid dynamic movement, working together with a Lagrangian mesh, the latter being intended to discretize the immersed body. The strategy, in this work, allows approaching complex isothermal geometries, which present a certain aerodynamic degree on their surface, being popularly known as blunt body, where this, in turn, is immersed in an incompressible Newtonian fluid. One of the contributions of this work is the introduction of a simple but efficient method to calculate the Nusselt number. Regarding the process of validation and modeling of the physical phenomena of interest, that is, regarding the effectiveness of the methodology, called the Immersed Frontier, an implementation with low computational cost was carried out for the transfer of mixed convection heat, as well as for modeling the turbulence, namely, making use of the Spalart-Allmaras model, in the context of the URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier -Stokes) methodology. Numerical results showed good convergence with data available in the literature, which confirms the numerical precision and reliability of the adopted model.
DSS-Net: Dynamic Self-Supervised Network for Video Anomaly Detection

Video Anomaly detection, aiming to detect the abnormal behaviors in surveillance videos, is a challenging task since the anomalous events are diversified and complicated in different situations. And this makes it difficult to use one single static network architecture to extract useful information from diverse abnormal patterns. Therefore, in this article, we propose a novel Dynamic Self-Supervised Network (DSS-Net) to explore both spatial and temporal anomalous information. In our DSS-Net, we design a dynamic network to adaptively select suitable network architecture to extract latent features from different anomalous patterns and normal patterns. Specifically, we generate spatial and temporal pseudo-abnormal data as the input of the dynamic network to conduct self-supervised learning. And we have a specific design on Hybrid Anomaly Dynamic Convolution (HAD-Conv) to extract features for diversified anomalous events adaptively. We utilize both normal and pseudo-abnormal data to encourage the dynamic network to mine the discriminative information. Furthermore, we design a feature separation loss to maximize the difference between the anomalous and normal videos. We evaluate our proposed method on four public anomaly detection datasets and achieve competitive results compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Comportement en temps long des solutions de quelques équations de Hamilton-Jacobi du premier et second ordre, locales et non-locales, dans des cas non-périodiques

La motivation principale de cette these est l'etude du comportement en temps grand des solutions non-bornees d'equations de Hamilton-Jacobi visqueuses dans RN en presence d'un terme d'Ornstein-Uhlenbeck. Nous considerons la meme question dans le cas d'une equation de Hamilton-Jacobi du premier ordre. Dans le premier cas, qui constitue le cœur de la these, nous generalisons les resultats de Fujita, Ishii et Loreti (2006) dans plusieurs directions. La premiere est de considerer des operateurs de diffusion plus generaux en remplacant le Laplacien par une matrice de diffusion quelconque. Nous considerons ensuite des operateurs non-locaux integro-differentiels de type Laplacien fractionnaire. Le second type d'extension concerne le Hamiltonien qui peut dependre de x et est seulement suppose sous-lineaire par rapport au gradient.
Solution to a collisionless magnetic presheath with kinetic ions

Using a kinetic model for the ions and adiabatic electrons, we solve a steady state, electron-repelling magnetic presheath in which a uniform magnetic field makes a small angle $\alpha \ll 1$ (in radians) with the wall. The presheath characteristic thickness is the typical ion gyroradius $\rho_{\text{i}}$. The Debye length $\lambda_{\text{D}}$ and the collisional mean free path of an ion $\lambda_{\text{mfp}}$ satisfy the ordering $\lambda_{\text{D}} \ll \rho_{\text{i}} \ll \alpha \lambda_{\text{mfp}}$, so a quasineutral and collisionless model is used. We assume that the electrostatic potential is a function only of distance from the wall, and it varies over the scale $\rho_{\text{i}}$. Using the expansion in $\alpha \ll 1$, we derive an analytical expression for the ion density that only depends on the ion distribution function at the entrance of the magnetic presheath and the electrostatic potential profile. Importantly, we have added the crucial contribution of the orbits in the region near the wall. By imposing the quasineutrality equation, we derive a condition that the ion distribution function must satisfy at the magnetic presheath entrance --- the kinetic equivalent of the Chodura condition. Using an ion distribution function at the entrance of the magnetic presheath that satisfies the kinetic Chodura condition, we find numerical solutions for the self-consistent electrostatic potential, ion density and flow across the magnetic presheath for several values of $\alpha$. Our numerical results also include the distribution of ion velocities at the Debye sheath entrance. We find that at small values of $\alpha$ there are substantially fewer ions travelling with a large normal component of the velocity into the wall.
Reconstruction of Plasmaspheric Density Distributions by Applying a Tomography Technique to Jason‐1 Plasmaspheric TEC Measurements

We have developed a tomography algorithm and applied it to a plasmaspheric total electron content data set from Jason‐1 satellite (~1,336 km), which has a Global Positioning System receiver onboard. To invert the measured plasmaspheric total electron content into vertical distribution of electron density, we adopted a multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique with an assumed initial density distribution. The reconstruction of the plasmaspheric density distribution was performed on Indian (70°E − 90°E), Pacific (200°E − 220°E), and Atlantic (320°E − 340°E) longitudinal planes during the periods of high solar activity (F10.7 > 100) and low geomagnetic activity (Ap < 12) from 2002 to 2005. The reconstructed density distribution displays general climatological characteristics of the plasmasphere. For all three longitudinal sectors, the reconstructed density distributions show weak diurnal variations being greater during daytime (09–15 LT) than nighttime (21–03 LT). In Atlantic sector, the reconstructed plasmaspheric density exhibits an annual anomaly (higher density in December than in June), which was not apparent in other longitude sectors. By fitting the reconstructed density profiles, we derived empirical functions of equatorial plasmaspheric density profiles for 4 months (March, June, September, and December) in the three longitude sectors. The parameters associated with these functions were found to exhibit diurnal variation and annual anomaly characteristics.
A NEW APPROACH FOR RANKING FUZZY NUMBERS TO SOLVE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

M any methods have been discussed earlier for solving fuzzy transportation problem, where the cost coefficients, supply and demand quantities are considered in the form of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. In this paper we have introduced a method for ranking of the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers with new method to find an optimum solution for fuzzy transportation problem. First, we transform the fuzzy quantities into crisp quantities by using our new method, then obtain an initial basic feasible solution and finally find an optimum solution. This is illustrated with a numerical example. The method is very easy to apply and economical.
Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after a single Oral administration of 20 or 40 mg/kg to 7–9 Day-old foals

Background Acetaminophen is utilized in human infants for pain management and fever. Neonatal foals might benefit from administration of acetaminophen but effective and safe dosage regimens for neonatal foals remains to be determined. Objective The objective was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen following oral administration of a single dose of 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg to neonatal foals. A secondary objective was to evaluate any changes in hematology and biochemistry profiles. Study design Randomized study. Methods Eight clinically healthy 7–9-day old Quarter Horse foals (3 colts and 5 fillies) received a single oral dose of acetaminophen either 20 (n = 4) or 40 (n = 4) mg/kg. Hematology and biochemistry profiles were evaluated before and 7 days after drug administration. Blood samples were collected before and 8 times after acetaminophen administration for 48 h to quantify plasma acetaminophen concentrations. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non- compartmental analysis. Results The median peak plasma concentrations (and range) occurred at 1.5 (0.5–2) hours, and 1.0 (1–2) hours for the 20 and 40 mg/kg doses. The maximum plasma concentration (and range) was 12 (7.9–17.4) μg/mL for the 20 mg/kg dose and 14 (11–18) μg/mL for 40 mg/kg dose. The median AUC0-∞ ranged from 46 to 100 and 79 to 160 h*-μg/mL for the 20 and 40 mg/kg dose, respectively. Hematology and biochemistry profiles remained within normal limits. Conclusion Plasma disposition of acetaminophen after oral administration of 20 and 40 mg/kg to neonates is comparable to adult horses. However, safety and the optimal dosage regimen of acetaminophen for treating pain and or pyrexia in neonates in this age group remains to be determined.
Imperialism, colonialism, and climate change science

Historical studies of the influence of imperialism and colonialism on climate science have yet to be brought together into a critical synthesis. This advanced review offers a critical overview of the key themes of this literature with the primary intention of enabling historians and other scholars to recognize, specify, and acknowledge the roles of imperial and colonial processes in shaping scientific framings of climate. Following a brief overview of debates in older literature over the significance of imperialism and colonialism in climate sciences, the article investigates the wealth of recent scholarship that demonstrates specific and diverse connections between empires and climate science. Major features of this scholarship include: the role and the erasure of Indigenous and local knowledge; imperial climate infrastructures and visions; and climate data and theories in land empires as well as in informal empires and neocolonial settings. Through critically engaging these themes, the article seeks to help historians identify avenues for future research.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Business Competitiveness in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

ABSTRACT This study investigates Artificial Intelligence (Awareness, Knowledge, Empowerment, Implementation) on competitiveness and the mediating role of innovations (Social Innovation, Environmental Innovation, and Technological Innovation). We employed the Open Innovation theory (OIT). The data from 480 SMEs were analyzed using SmartPLS. The findings elucidate that the relationship between AI (awareness, empowerment, implementation) and competitiveness is positively significant. Also, there is a partial mediation effect between AI awareness and competitiveness. Technological innovation partially mediates between AI (Implementation and Knowledge) and competitiveness. Policymakers should initiate strategies to integrate AI innovations. The study extends the OIT to create new technological, social and environmental innovations.