Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical testing of trans-humeral all-suture anchors for rotator cuff repair

Background Rotator cuff tears are one of the most common causes of shoulder pain. All-suture anchors are increasingly being used in the arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears. The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate the biomechanical properties of all-suture anchors at different insertion sites in the proximal humerus relevant to rotator cuff repairs and the remplissage procedure. Methods Sixteen cadaveric shoulders were used for the study. Four all-suture anchors were inserted in each proximal humerus at common anchor insertion sites on the rotator cuff footprint and a simulated Hill–Sachs defect. Cyclic loading and load-to-failure tests were undertaken. The number of cycles, load to failure and nature of failure were recorded. Results The all-suture anchors placed in the cuff footprint using a transosseous technique displayed superior biomechanical properties. Sutures sited in this way demonstrated a maximum tensile load to failure of 542 N as well as a highest mean load to failure and the maximum number of cycles before anchor failure. In descending order, all-suture anchors placed in the lateral footprint were significantly superior to those located in the medial row and in a simulated Hill–Sachs defect. Discussion Anchors placed in the rotator cuff footprint exceeded the physiological isometric abduction forces for the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. Data obtained from our study suggest that all-suture anchors are strong enough to be used for the repair of rotator cuff tears.
Role models, mentoring and university applications - evidence from a crossover randomised controlled trial in the United Kingdom

We conduct a randomised controlled trial (RCT) in the South West of England to evaluate a policy to encourage students from poorer backgrounds to apply to selective universities. Current university students visited local schools and colleges, providing accurate information on the costs and benefits of university, and giving inspirational talks about making that decision. We find that there is a significant effect on the likelihood of students successfully applying to a selective university, but weaker effects on other outcomes. We fmd that effects are largest for students attending further education colleges, which typically cater for more disadvantaged students (in our sample, 6.2% of students in schools are eligible for free school meals compared to 7.4% in colleges) and offer a wider range of vocational courses. We suggest avenues for future research in this area.
The impact of serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels on preeclampsia prediction: a case control study

Objective: The aim of our study is to investigate serum antiMüllerian hormone (AMH) levels in patients who developed preeclampsia at the third trimester. Methods: Our study was conducted as a prospective case control study. The patients who were diagnosed with preeclampsia over 34 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Healthy pregnant women at the same weeks of gestation were included in the control group. The demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory parameters, gestational outcomes and serum AMH values of the patients were compared. Results: A total of 62 pregnant women (32 preeclamptic and 30 control cases) were included in our study. The demographic data were similar in two groups. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid value and Esbach value were found to be significantly higher in the preeclampsia group. Serum AMH values were 0.79±0.40 ng/ml in the preeclampsia group and 1.45±0.93 ng/ml in the control group (p=0.01). There was a negative correlation between serum AMH values and the systolic blood pressure (r=-0.292, p=0.02). Conclusion: Serum AMH values are lower in the preeclamptic pregnant women at the third trimester compared to normotensive pregnant women.
Microbial Profile and Antibiotic Usage of Patients with Chronic Wounds Attending Two Hospital facilities in Ghana

Background: Chronic wounds continue to be a challenging problem and causing considerable healthcare burden globally especially to the developing countries. This study examines how patients with chronic wounds acquired them, site of the body commonly located, various bacterial isolates present, type of antibiotic usage, and their susceptibility pattern to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Methods: Two hundred and sixty (260) wound swab samples were collected from chronic wound patients attending the St. Patrick Hospital and the Nkenkenso Government Hospitals from December 2016 to June 2017. Bacterial isolates were tested against six commonly prescribed antibiotics identified in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the clinical isolates was done according to CLSI guidelines. Results: A total of 211 (81.2%) isolates were recovered from the 260 samples. Staphylococcus aureus (30.8%) was the most predominate, followed by Pseudomonas spp. (24.9%). Majority of the patients (87.31%) with chronic wounds received antibiotics metronidazole and cefuroxime which was the most common (21.74%) antibiotics prescribed. More than 50% of the isolate were resistant to flucloxacillin and amoxicillin, whilst most of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and clindamycin. Conclusion: The study observed that inflammation was the major cause of chronic wounds and that, most wounds were located on the lower extremity part of the body. The frequency of drug administration in the management of chronic wounds was 87.31%. The commonly prescribed monotherapy antibiotics were flucloxacillin and ciprofloxacin whilst metronidazole and cefuroxime were mostly prescribed together with most isolates resistant to flucloxacillin and amoxicillin.
Error Analysis for Determination of Accuracy of Johnson’s Formula, Dare’s Formula and Mother's Opinion for the Estimation of Birth Weight: Results of an Iranian Cross‐Sectional Study

Abstract Accurate fetal weight estimation is important for the management of birth. According to the existing literature, none of the clinical techniques is superior to any other. This study aimed to compare error analysis for the determination of the accuracy of Johnson’s formula, Dare’s formula and mother's opinion for the estimation of birth weight. A cross-sectional study involving 147 full-term, cephalic, singleton pregnancies, was performed. The mother’s opinion was recorded and Johnson’s and Dare’s formulas were used to calculate the fetal weight. Accuracy was determined by percentage error, absolute percentage error, and proportion of estimates within 10% of actual birth-weight. Statistical analysis was done using the RM ANOVA, Friedman and Cochran. P < 0.05 was considered significant. The birth weight was correctly estimated in 34.7%, 58.5%, 66% of the cases using the mother’s estimate, Dare’s and Johnson’s formulas. Respectively the proportion of the mother's estimate and Dare’s formula was significantly lower than that of Johnson’s formula for all birth weights. No significant difference was observed in all the measures of accuracy for the low birth-weight range. The mean error of Johnson's formula in both normal weight and macrosomic groups was less than those obtained by the Dare's formula and mother's opinion. The Johnson’s formula is more accurate in actual birth weight estimation than the Dare ’s one and mother's opinion. In the normal weight range, Johnson’s formula is more accurate of the two, while in the macrosomic group, Dare’s formula appears to be more accurate.
The effect of aerobic exercises on the biochemical factors and hepatic enzymes of the drug in addicts of the Shefa Clinic of the city of Dehdasht

Addiction to drugs has been the most important threatening factor got human which withdraw an individual from the society and makes various problems of the society. This research was conducted with aim of studying the effect of eight-week aerobic exercise on biochemical factors and liver enzymes of drug leaving addicts who referred to Shefa clinic in Dehdasht city. This research was empirical and 56 addicts were divided into two 28-member test and control groups. The aerobic exercises were conducted over a two-month period. SPSS23 software and correlational t-test were used to analyze data. Blood glucose, bilirubin, and ALP reduced significantly in P<0.01, cholesterol, bikirubin, and AST reduced significantly in p<0.05, and BUN, keratin, triglyceride, and ALT were not significant. Aerobic exercises are effective in protecting the human health of who left drug, and exercise is one way of fighting with addiction that is effective in reducing people intention to drugs.
The Changes of the Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor α, Interferon γ and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Sera of Children with Acquired Aplastic Anemia after Blood Transfusion

Objective: To discuss how blood transfusion affects the progression of acquired aplastic anemia by assaying the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and VEGF in the sera of children with acquired aplastic anemia both before and after blood transfusion Methods: In the study, the sera of 15 children with acquired aplastic anemia were collected both before and one or two days after blood transfusion. And during the study period the sera of 12 normal children who had body checkups in our hospital were also collected. The levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and VEGF in the sera of children were assayed by the method of ELISA with the corresponding kits. Results: The levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the sera of children with acquired aplastic anemia were 2.29 ± 0.36 ng/L and 21.30 ± 9.12 ng/L respectively. After blood transfusion they were 1.27 ± 0.12 ng/L and 15.33 ± 4.45 ng/L respectively. The levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the sera of children with acquired aplastic anemia after blood transfusion were lower than these before blood transfusion. But they were higher than those in the sera of normal children (TNF-α 0.85 ± 0.04 ng/L, IFN-γ 10.91 ± 4.67 ng/L) respectively. The level of VEGF in the sera of patients with acquired aplastic anemia was 50.07 ± 12.83 Pg/L and it was 80.02 ± 11.04 Pg/L after blood transfusion. The level of VEGF in the sera of patients with acquired aplastic anemia after blood transfusion was higher than this before blood transfusion, and both of them were lower than that in the sera of normal children (100.77 ± 36.83 Pg/L). There were significant differences between them (p<0.05). Conclusions: Blood transfusion can decrease the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ and increase the level of VEGF in the sera of children with acquired aplastic anemia, which may affect the progression of the disease.
Frequency of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in thyroidectomized patients with Graves’ disease

Introduction Incidental thyroid cancers are frequently detected in patients operated on for Graves’ disease (GD). There are no clear data about the incidence and risk factors of incidental thyroid cancer in operated GD patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of thyroid carcinoma in surgically treated GD patients. Material and methods The data of 121 GD patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in a single center between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. The diagnosis of thyroid cancer was based on pathological examination. Results Thyroid cancer was demonstrated in postoperative pathology specimens of 34 patients who were surgically treated for GD (28.1%). Preoperative thyroid ultrasonography (USG) revealed a nodular goiter in 62 (51.2%) patients. Nodules were not detected in the other 59 (48.8%) patients with GD. The frequency of thyroid cancer was significantly higher in patients with nodules (38% vs. 16%; p = 0.009). Thirty-two of the 34 cancer cases had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and the remaining 2 had follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Of the 32 PTC patients, 28 were classical type, 2 patients had the follicular variant, 1 was the oncocytic variant, and 1 was a tall cell variant. Conclusions The incidence of thyroid cancer was higher in patients who underwent surgery for GD. In addition to a careful physical examination in the follow-up of the patients with GD, ultrasonographic evaluation should be performed. Surgical treatment should not be delayed in patients with GD when indicated.
Outcomes after angiography with sodium bicarbonate and acetylcysteine

: Both “ Intravenous Sodium Bicarbonate ” and “ Oral Acetylcysteine ” are extensively utilized in the cure of acute injury of kidney and accompanying contrary results after angiography deprived of any proof of their effectiveness. In this study we use the factorial design of 2-by-2 and casually assigned 5177 renal complications at high-risk stage patients, who also have scheduled for angiography while receiving 1.26% sodium bicarbonate through intravenous or sodium chloride 0.9% with five days oral placebo: from 5177 patients, 4993 were encompassed in the adapted objective to treat assessment. Death is the primary endpoint, dialysis requirement at 90 days; accordingly, acute kidney injury was our secondary endpoint. Sponsor blocked the trial after interim analysis which was pre-specified. At the primary endpoint, there was no link between acetylcysteine and sodium bicarbonate (P=0.33). There was happening of primary endpoint in 110 patients from 2511 (which was 4.4%) in the group of sodium bicarbonate, if compared with 116 patients from 2482 (which was 4.7%) in the group of sodium chloride (at the odds ratio of 0.93, CI (confidence interval) 95%, 0.72 to 1.22; P=0.62) and 114 patients from 2495 patients (which was 4.6%) in the group of acetylcysteine with the comparison of 112 of 2498 patients (which was 4.5%) in the group of placebo (with specific odds ratio, 1.02: confidence interval (CI) 95%, 0.78 to 1.33 P=0.88). There was basically no advantage of using intravenous sodium bicarbonate over the acetylcysteine, among the patients who were at high-level renal complication risk and who were experiencing angiography.
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus: case report and brief review

Abstract Background Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is a very rare variant of mitral annular calcification, which is typically asymptomatic but can manifest as a cardiac tumour, abscess, or in the form of mitral valve dysfunction. Case summary We present a patient who developed shortness of breath and was initially thought to have an intracardiac tumour, but ultimately was recognized as massive calcification of the mitral valve by computed tomography angiogram. This finding was unfortunately made only shortly before the patient’s clinical deterioration, and the specific diagnosis of CCMA was made on post-mortem findings, precluding any directed treatment for this entity. Discussion Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus can lead to significant pathology, including mitral regurgitation, stenosis, or systemic embolization of caseous material. Due to its relative scarcity and tendency to be asymptomatic, a diagnosis of CCMA is often difficult to make or easily overlooked. Early recognition and appropriate treatment is crucial for avoiding these potential complications.
Seroprevalence of leptospiral serovars other than Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae in dogs in the Southwestern Nigeria.

Serum antibody titres against the prevailing serovars of Leptospira interrogans were evaluated in 52 dogs that were clinically and epidemiological screened for leptospirosis by the microscopic agglutination test in three ecologically distinct veterinary clinics in the Southwestern Nigeria. New non-vaccinal serovars of grippotyphosa, pomona and bratislava were of higher (P<0.01) prevalence than the old vaccinal serovars of canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae due to growing pet-wildlife contact in urbanization that exposes the pets to these former animal serovars. Grippotyphosa was again singularly higher (P<0.02) in prevalence in the large adult male dogs among the local and exotic breeds tested in the coastal urban clinic than in the arid suburban clinic with an over-representation of the German Shepherd breed (46.2%). Aetiological serovars were diagnosed as grippotyphosa in both the rain forest belt clinic A and the arid savannah belt clinic C and mixed grippotyphosa, bratislava and pomona in the urban coastal clinic B. Heavy coastal rains that promote spirochetes survival in dirty fl ood waters, the contaminating vaccination-induced “carrier” state that exposes dogs to new and more pathogenic serovars, use of abattoir-offal as dog foods and the fast urbanization in city clinics that permits more dog-wildlife contacts, which also promotes contact with more pathogenic wild serovars, were responsible for the change in epidemiology. Use of new polyvalent subunit vaccines against the new serovars with an improved protocol, good kennel hygiene, including watering and feeding and environmental sanitation, including wildlife control, are recommended for control.
The relationship between vitamin D level and disease activity and focal erosion in rheumatoid arthritis

Aim: Bone loss,fragility,and fractures are well-described complications that affect quality of life, morbidity, and health care costs during the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Besides its well-known role in bone metabolism, vitamin D is also an important immune modulator, meant to affect the disease activity of rheumatic disorders. However, conflicting results have been demonstrated about the relationship between levels of vitamin D and disease activity in RA. Primary aim of was to compare vitamin D levels and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) values between RA and control groups.The secondary aim was to assess the correlations between vitamin D and disease activity and radiologic damage in RA. Material and Methods: A total of 41 RA patients and 40 healthy controls were included in this study. The patient and control groups were between the ages of 18 and 65. Disease activity score 28 (DAS-28) was used to determine the severity of disease.Sharp/van der Heijde method was performed to evaluate the radiologic changes.Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed to measure Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method was used to measure serum D vitamin concentrations. Results: Vitamin D levels, the BMD-lumbar spine, BMD-femur total and BMD-femur neck values were significantly lower in the patient group (p = 0.012, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). No significant correlations were detected between vitamin D levels and BMD values, disease activity, and radiologic damage scores (p > 0.05). DAS-28 was significantly and negatively correlated with BMD values (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that RA patients have lower vitamin D levels, BMD-lumbar spine, BMD-femur total and BMD-femur neck values. Higher disease activity increases bone loss in RA. Vitamin D levels and BMD values should be monitored for the risk of osteoporosis and fracture in RA.
Cardiotoxicity: a challenge for modern oncology

The article provides a modern vision of the problem of cardiotoxicity in oncology. Integrity and generality of nodal pathogenetic events in the body in case of carcinogenesis, antitumor therapy and cardiopathology are caused by similar mechanisms at different hierarchical levels. Identity of potential risk factors, including inflammation, aging, obesity, diabetes and smoking, has been noted. Similarly, in the development of metabolic syndrome and carcinogenesis, the level of growth factors (IGF-1), neoangiogenesis, hormones and other triggers of oncological and cardiovascular pathology is increasing. It is important that a variety of clinical manifestations of cardiotoxicity are due to the rapid expansion of the number of therapeutic options for effects. This thesis is illustrated by vivid examples of the use of anthracycline-based drugs whose mechanism of action is aimed at damaging genetic targets. The use of monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab, is directed against HER2 / ErB2 receptors in breast cancer and is accompanied by distinct signs of cardiotoxicity especially in the elderly. A new strategy to enhance the targeted cytotoxic immune response to cancer cells (Ipilimumab, Nivolumab) has a chance to cause autoimmune myocarditis and myositis. Modern anti-angiogenic methods of cancer therapy, including inhibition of VEGF, significantly increase the risk of myocardial ischemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis. This indicates the need for monitoring of complications, a targeted selection of preventive and curative strategies, as well as attention to the mechanisms of tissue homeostasis in the implementation of the antitumor effect.
Rational Use of Antibiotics and Monitoring of Drug Interactions in Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection

Background: A respiratory tract infection (RTI) is considered as one of the commonest public health problem dealt with in primary care. Objective: To evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics, drug interactions involved and their rationality in the management of respiratory tract infection. Methods: The study was conducted in 180 RTI patients admitted in Sagar Hospital, Bengaluru. The study was a prospective, observational study. The information collected was based on inpatient case record and documented in the predesigned patient profile form. The data was analyzed and assessed using Micromedex 2.0, Medscape and www.drugs. com. Results: A total of 180 patients were included as per inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of which 98(54.4%) were male and the mean (SD) age of the patients was 58(14.3) years. Majority of patients had hypertension 77(26.22%) as co-morbidity followed by diabetes mellitus 64(21.89%). Among 180 cases, 42(23.33%) cases were diagnosed with URTI in which 7(16.66%) patients had sinusitis, 5(11.9%) had tonsillitis, 8(19.04%) had common cold, 2(4.76%) had pharyngitis and 19(45.23%) had unspecified URTI. In study population 134(74.44%) cases were diagnosed with LRTI in which 7(5.22%) were acute bronchitis, 40(29.85%) were bronchitis, 2(1.49%) were broncholithiasis, 29(21.64%) were pneumonia and 56(41.80) were unspecified LRTI. 4(2.23%) cases were diagnosed with both URTI and LRTI. In current study a total of 322 Antibiotics were prescribed among which most commonly used is Piperacillin+ Tazobactam 88(27.32%) followed by Clarithromycin 52(16.14%). The most offending drug in major, moderate and minor drug interactions was clarithromycin 111(79.28%), clarithromycin 65(51.58%) and Piperacillin + Tazobactam 23(56.09%) respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded the prudent use of antibiotics will diminish the burden of multi-drug resistance and thereby providing better patient management. Key words: Respiratory tract infection, Prescribing pattern, Rational use of antibiotics, Drug interactions.