Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shipboard active and passive microwave measurement of ocean surface slicks off the southern California coast

Ship-based radar scatterometer measurements at L band (20 cm) and X band (3.2 cm), radiometer measurements at C band (5.5 cm) and Ka band (0.86 cm), and microlayer chlorophyll fluorescence measurements on the southern California continental shelf were acquired across several surface slicks during October 1989. These measurements allowed the simultaneous extraction of both the short wave damping at Bragg wavelengths 24 cm and 4 cm and the chlorophyll a biological concentration with sufficient spatial resolution to observe features within individual slick bands. The measurements show that (1) the largest peaks in fluorescence, a measure of the peak chlorophyll a concentration, are colocated with the short wave damping at 24-cm and 4-cm wavelengths, (2) the maximum damping ratio, between the 24-cm and 4-cm waves is at least 16 for wind speeds of 3–4 m s−1, and (3) the radar roughness signatures at these short Bragg gravity wavelengths suggest that the slicks are caused by organic surface film damping rather than straining of these waves. The radar roughness changes in synthetic aperture radar imagery have usually been interpreted in terms of wave straining. The limited radiometer signatures are uncorrelated with the other microlayer measurements. Additional shipboard measurements are needed to further quantify these preliminary results.
SEISMIC BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED SOILS BY THE METHOD OF STRESS CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract– The ultimate bearing capacity of strip foundations situated on reinforced soils has been analyzed in this paper using the stress characteristics method. A computer code has been written to analyze the slip line net and to calculate the ultimate load distribution beneath the foundation. The ultimate bearing capacity is expressed in terms of bearing capacity factors. Increase in the ultimate bearing capacity due to reinforcement is expressed by introducing another bearing capacity factor, Nt. Earthquake effect has been considered using horizontal and vertical pseudo-static seismic coefficients, Kh and Kv. Design charts have been provided giving the bearing capacity factors for the seismic case. These charts can be used for design purposes for reinforced soils. However, the obtained results should be further compared with future experimental results in order to attain greater confidence in design. Effects of reinforcement and horizontal earthquake coefficient on the failure pattern have also been investigated.
Behavioral and Brain Functions

Background: Evidence of genetic association between the NRG1 (Neuregulin-1) gene and schizophrenia is now well-documented. Furthermore, several recent reports suggest association between schizophrenia and singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERBB4, one of the receptors for Neuregulin-1. In this study, we have extended the previously published associations by investigating the involvement of all eight genes from the ERBB and NRG families for association with schizophrenia. Methods: Eight genes from the ERBB and NRG families were tested for association to schizophrenia using a collection of 396 cases and 1,342 blood bank controls ascertained from Aberdeen, UK. A total of 365 SNPs were tested. Association testing of both alleles and genotypes was carried out using the fast Fisher's Exact Test (FET). To understand better the nature of the associations, all pairs of SNPs separated by ≥ 0.5 cM with at least nominal evidence of association (P < 0.10) were tested for evidence of pairwise interaction by logistic regression analysis. Results: 42 out of 365 tested SNPs in the eight genes from the ERBB and NRG gene families were significantly associated with schizophrenia (P < 0.05). Associated SNPs were located in ERBB4 and NRG1, confirming earlier reports. However, novel associations were also seen in NRG2, NRG3 and EGFR. In pairwise interaction tests, clear evidence of gene-gene interaction was detected for NRG1-NRG2, NRG1-NRG3 and EGFR-NRG2, and suggestive evidence was also seen for ERBB4-NRG1, ERBB4-NRG2, ERBB4-NRG3 and ERBB4-ERBB2. Evidence of intragenic interaction was seen for SNPs in ERBB4. Conclusion: These new findings suggest that observed associations between NRG1 and schizophrenia may be mediated through functional interaction not just with ERBB4, but with other members of the NRG and ERBB families. There is evidence that genetic interaction among these loci may increase susceptibility to schizophrenia. Published: 28 June 2007 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2007, 3:31 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-3-31 Received: 18 May 2007 Accepted: 28 June 2007 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions. com/content/3/1/31 © 2007 Benzel et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Current and future goals are represented in opposite patterns in object-selective cortex

Adaptive behavior requires the separation of current from future goals in working memory. We used fMRI of object-selective cortex to determine the representational (dis)similarities of memory representations serving current and prospective perceptual tasks. Participants remembered an object drawn from three possible categories as the target for one of two consecutive visual search tasks. A cue indicated whether the target object should be looked for first (currently relevant), second (prospectively relevant), or if it could be forgotten (irrelevant). Prior to the first search, representations of current, prospective and irrelevant objects were similar, with strongest decoding for current representations compared to prospective (Experiment 1) and irrelevant (Experiment 2). Remarkably, during the first search, prospective representations could also be decoded, but revealed anti-correlated voxel patterns compared to currently relevant representations of the same category. We propose that the brain separates current from prospective memories within the same neuronal ensembles through opposite representational patterns. DOI:
Relative Contribution of Adjuvants to Local Anesthetic for Prolonging the Duration of Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Rats

Background and Objectives A chemically compatible, safe 4-drug multimodal formulation of bupivacaine combined with 3 adjuvants (clonidine, buprenorphine, and dexamethasone) has been proposed for long-lasting single-injection peripheral nerve blocks in patients. However, the relative importance of each of the adjuvants of the 4-drug formulation in producing long-lasting nerve blocks has not been determined. The aim of this study in rats was to determine which adjuvants (clonidine, buprenorphine, or dexamethasone) are essential for producing a long-lasting nerve block. Methods After baseline sensory and motor responses were recorded, 0.1 mL of drug solution was injected into the sciatic notch of rats. Animals were reevaluated at 10-minute intervals after injection for the absence or presence of sensory and motor response in the sciatic nerve. The 4-drug formulation of 0.25% bupivacaine plus all 3 adjuvants (clonidine, buprenorphine, and dexamethasone), 0.25% bupivacaine with 1 or 2 of the adjuvants added separately, and 0.25% bupivacaine alone were compared for duration of nerve block. Results The 4-drug multimodal solution produced a longer duration of sensory and motor nerve block than 0.25% bupivacaine alone (P < 0.0001). Bupivacaine plus clonidine also produced a longer duration of nerve block than 0.25% bupivacaine alone (P = 0.0157), but bupivacaine plus buprenorphine or bupivacaine plus dexamethasone did not prolong nerve block compared to bupivacaine alone. There was no difference (P = 0.1414) in the duration of nerve block between the 4-drug multimodal solution versus bupivacaine plus clonidine. Conclusions This animal study confirmed that the 4-drug multimodal formulation proposed for clinical nerve block produces superior duration of action compared to local anesthetic alone. This rat sciatic nerve model also indicated that one of the 3 adjuvants, clonidine, could by itself account for the extended duration of nerve block of bupivacaine.
- 1-Recovery from a cycling time trial is enhanced with carbohydrate-protein supplementation vs . isoenergetic carbohydrate supplementation

This peer-reviewed article was published immediately upon acceptance. It can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for any purposes (see copyright notice below). Articles in JISSN are listed in PubMed and archived at PubMed Central. For information about publishing your research in JISSN or any BioMed Central journal, go to http://www.jissn. com/info/instructions/ For information about other BioMed Central publications go to http://www.biomedcentral. com/ Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Characterisation of deletions of the ZFHX1B region and genotype-phenotype analysis in Mowat-Wilson syndrome

one-rod dystrophies (CRD) are forms of inherited retinal dystrophy which characteristically lead to early impairment of vision. An initial loss of colour vision (cone mediated functions) and of visual acuity, usually from the ﬁrst or second decade of life, is followed by night blindness (largely rod mediated) and loss of peripheral visual ﬁelds. 1 CRD patients suffer from severe photophobia and show reduced ERG responses. In later life, vision may be reduced to a bare perception of light. CRD is a milder condition compared to Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) which is the most severe form of all the inherited retinal dystrophies and is diagnosed as bilateral congenital blindness,with a diminished or absent electroretino-gram (ERG). Cone-rod dystrophy loci have been mapped to chromosomes 17q, 2 19q, 3 18q, 4 17p13, 5 6 6q, 7 1q12, 8 and 8p11. 9 Mutations in the peripherin/RDS , 10 CRX , 11 12 and RetGC-I 13 14 genes have been shown to cause autosomal dominant CRD.Mutations in the ATP binding cassette transporter rim protein ( ABCR) gene have been shown to be associated with autosomal recessive CRD. 15 Mutations in the CNGA3 gene encoding the a -subunit of the
incidence of retinal detachment associated with atopic dermatitis in Japan: review of cases from 1992 to 2011 therapeutic strategy: proactive

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the number and characteristics of retinal detachment with atopic dermatitis (AD) in these 20 years, and the number of the first visit AD outpatients in almost the same period. Methods: A retrospective review of 101 consecutive surgically treated retinal detachments with AD patients from 1992 to 2011 was conducted. Retinal detachments were divided into two groups: eyes operated on from 1992 to 2001 (former AD group, n = 63) and eyes operated on from 2002 to 2011 (recent AD group, n = 38). We also reviewed the records of the first visit AD outpatients from 1993 to 2011 except 1998. Results: The percentage of bilateral detachment was significantly higher in the former AD group (14/63) than that in the recent AD group (0/38) ( P = 0.0002). In addition, patients in the recent AD group were significantly older than those in the former AD group ( P = 0.0084). The annual cases with non-AD retinal detachment remained invariant for 20 years. The ratio of the retinal detachment with AD for the total retinal detachment was significantly lower in the recent (38/847) AD group than that in the former (63/796) AD group ( P = 0.0038). The number of the first visit AD outpatients linearly decreased in these 19 years (153 cases in 1993 and 65 cases in 2011). Conclusion: Our study indicates an apparent decrease in retinal detachment with AD in the recent 10 years, and might suggest the importance of dermatitis control for prevention of retinal detachment with AD. Key include: Optometry; Visual science; Pharmacology and drug therapy in eye diseases; Basic Sciences; Primary and Secondary eye care; Patient and Quality of Care Improvements.
Cluster Analysis of Philippine Tropical Cyclone Climatology: Applicationsto Forecasting

This study aims at providing an increased understanding of tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the Philippines, to assist in reducing the fatalities and economic costs of TC impacts. A cluster analysis, using K-means, is applied to Philippine region TCs for the period 1950-2011. The clustering is carried out for TC genesis and decay locations, and TC tracks. Silhouette coefficient values and key meteorological and oceanic variables determine the optimal cluster numbers. It is found that, for the Philippine region, there are 4 genesis location, 5 decay location and 6 track clusters. The classification of TC genesis locations captures the longitudinal separation of cyclogenesis regions. The formation area east of the Philippines (west of 140°E) is the most active region, with 398 genesis points. The main TC dissipation area is Southeast Asia, with 352 decay points. Clustering the TC tracks identifies various track types by separating them into discrete patterns. Several distinct types of straight moving and recurving trajectories emerge. Short, straight west northwestward tracks directed towards Indochina have the highest trajectory frequency, with 248 TC tracks. The spatial and temporal behavior of Philippine TCs is determined from the clusters of genesis locations, decay locations, and tracks, for specific months. Because the TC genesis locations define the subsequent TC paths and landfall locations, they consequently also provide valuable TC forecasting guidance. Moreover, the monthly distribution of genesis and decay locations, and tracks, enables the variability of seasonal cycles between the clusters to be calculated.
convergent margins Pa excesses in arc volcanic rocks: Constraint on melting rates at 231

The 231Pa-235U disequilibria provide greater ability to constrain the rate of mantle melting in convergent margin settings than the more often analyzed 238U-230Th-226Ra systems, which are strongly affected by fl uid-addition processes from the subducting slab. Here we present new 231Pa-235U data for 12 samples from the Kick’em Jenny (KEJ) submarine volcano in the Southern Lesser Antilles to defi ne the melting rate at a subduction zone with one of the lowest convergence rates. The KEJ samples have the highest average (231Pa)/(235U) yet measured in global arcs, consistent with other studies of the Southern Lesser Antilles lavas. These results reinforce the previously noted negative correlation between average (231Pa)/(235U) and convergence rate in all arc settings globally. We develop a model to explain this negative correlation and to better constrain melting rates at convergent margins. Assuming that the corner fl ow velocity is coupled to and equal to the subducting slab velocity, the melting rate, directly refl ecting the fl ux of water added, becomes a linear function of subduction rate. This physical model is then coupled to three different melting models previously developed for calculating U-series disequilibria (reactive porous fl ow, dynamic, and fl ux melting). All three models reproduce the globally observed negative correlation between subduction rate and 231Pa excess. Although the style of melting cannot be easily discriminated, the good correspondence between models and observation provides an example of how geochemical and geophysical models can be linked to provide a self-consistent model of melt generation in convergent margin settings.
Comments on “Reconsidering the Relationship Between Gulf Stream Transport and Dynamic Sea Level at U.S. East Coast” by Chi et al.

Numerous recent studies found signiﬁcant correlations between weakening of the Gulf Stream (GS) and rising coastal sea level (CSL) along the U.S. East Coast. Based on monthly altimeter data and Florida Current transport, Chi et al. (2023; here, CH23) argued that geostrophic adjustment of the GS is unlikely to drive variations in CSL in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB). It is argued here that this conclusion cannot be universally applicable to all cases, since the monthly data disregard correlations previously found for short time scales based on hourly and daily data; the impact of GS variability on time scales of decades and longer as well as potential time lags between the GS and CSL variability were also not considered by CH23. Examples are given here to demonstrate the important role of the GS in post hurricane coastal ﬂooding.
New particle formation and growth at a remote, sub-tropical coastal location

Abstract. A month-long intensive measurement campaign was conducted in March/April 2007 at Agnes Water, a remote coastal site just south of the Great Barrier Reef on the east coast of Australia. Particle and ion size distributions were continuously measured during the campaign. Coastal nucleation events were observed in clean, marine air masses coming from the south-east on 65% of the days. The events usually began at ~10:00 local time and lasted for 1–4 h. They were characterised by the appearance of a nucleation mode with a peak diameter of ~10 nm. The freshly nucleated particles grew within 1–4 h up to sizes of 20–50 nm. The events occurred when solar intensity was high (~1000 W m−2) and RH was low (~60%). Interestingly, the events were not related to tide height. The volatile and hygroscopic properties of freshly nucleated particles (17–22.5 nm), simultaneously measured with a volatility-hygroscopicity-tandem differential mobility analyser (VH-TDMA), were used to infer chemical composition. The majority of the volume of these particles was attributed to internally mixed sulphate and organic components. After ruling out coagulation as a source of significant particle growth, we conclude that the condensation of sulphate and/or organic vapours was most likely responsible for driving particle growth at sizes greater than 10 nm during the nucleation events. Although there was a possibility that the precursor vapours responsible for particle formation and growth had continental sources, on the balance of available data we would suggest that the precursors were most likely of marine/coastal origin. Furthermore, a unique and particularly strong nucleation event was observed during northerly wind. The event began early one morning (08:00) and lasted almost the entire day resulting in the production of a large number of ~80 nm particles (average modal concentration during the event was 3200 cm−3). The Great Barrier Reef was the most likely source of precursor vapours responsible for this event.
Landslide susceptibility mapping by comparing weight of evidence, fuzzy logic, and frequency ratio methods

ABSTRACT A regional scale basin susceptible to landslide located in Qaemshahr area in northern Iran was chosen for comparing the reliability of weight of evidence (WofE), fuzzy logic, and frequency ratio (FR) methods for landslide susceptibility mapping. The locations of 157 landslides were identified using Google Earth® or extracted from archived data, from which, 22 rockslides were eliminated from the data-set due to their different conditions. The 135 remaining landslides were randomly divided into two groups of modelling (70%) and validation (30%) data-sets. Elevation, slope degree, slope aspect, lithology, land use/cover, normalized difference vegetation index, rainfall, distance to drainage network, roads, and faults were considered as landslide causative factors. The landslide susceptibility maps were prepared using the three mentioned methods. The validation process was measured by the success and prediction rates calculated by area under receiver operating characteristic curve. The ‘OR’, ‘AND’, ‘SUM’, and ‘PRODUCT’ operators of the fuzzy logic method were unacceptable because these operators classify the target area into either very high or very low susceptible zones that are inconsistent with the physical conditions of the study area. The results of fuzzy ‘GAMMA’ operators were relatively reliable while, FR and WofE methods showed results that are more reliable.
Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology

Introduction: Detection of specific histological alteration in appendices was carried out using immunohistochemical technique involved using antibodies against a neuropeptide substance-P (s-P). Methods: Fifty patients aged 3-45 years (21 male and 29 female) admitted to Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kerkuk province, Iraq with clear clinical symptoms of appendicitis. Results: Significant differences (p≤0.034) was detected at age 11-15 and 16-30 years of patients with clinical suspected appendicitis (CSA) in most patients while right iliac fossa pain (RIFP), vomiting and nausea were predominate clinical symptoms yet non-specific signs of appendicitis. Only 82% appendices appeared inflamed and 18% were normal (without inflammation), were considered as experimental cases. The intensity and location of the s-P expression was classified as either no expression (negative s-P), weak (+) or strong (++). In experimental cases it was strongly expressed in nerve plexus than in acute inflammation of epithelium and muscularis layers while in lamina propria the expression was almost the same between the two groups. The normal appendices with symptoms were found without inflammation yet s-P expression was detectable. Conclusion: Therefore, the stronger expression of s-P in normal appendices may confirm the concept of neuroimmune appendicitis which disproves the negative term of "appendectomy". Further immune-histochemical studies are on to explore specific histological alteration associated with the pains using other antibodies i.e. vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and GAP-43.
A dynamic ordered logit model with (cid:28)xed e(cid:27)ects

We study a (cid:28)xed-T panel data logit model for ordered outcomes that accommodates (cid:28)xed e(cid:27)ects and state dependence. We provide identi(cid:28)cation results for the autoregressive parameter, regression coe(cid:30)cients, and the threshold parameters in this model. Our results require only four observations on the outcome variable. We provide conditions under which a composite conditional maximum likelihood estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal. We use our estimator to explore the determinants of self-reported health in a panel of European countries over the period 2003-2016. We (cid:28)nd that: (i) that the autoregressive parameter is positive and analogous to a linear AR(1) coe(cid:30)cient of about 0.25, indicating persistence in health status; (ii) that the association between income and health becomes insigni(cid:28)cant once we control for unobserved heterogeneity and persistence.