Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preferência por estratos florestais e por substâncias odoríferas em abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Euglossinae bees of two areas of Terra Firme forest, near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil were studied. During one year the collections were done fortnightly, using traps with eight kinds of scent baits. The traps were placed in the understory and in tree crowns. Some species showed a very clear vertical stratification in the forest. The comparison between the strata studied showed that the fauna of one understory is more similar to other than fauna of crowns and the similarity between fauna of understory and fauna of crown of the the two areaswas low. Some species were specialists while most were generalists in their choice of scent baits. Some species varied its preferences during the year.
Floristics and Physiognomy Determine Migrant Landbird Response to Tamarisk (Tamarix Ramosissima) Invasion in Riparian Areas

Abstract I investigated the relative importance of floristics and physiognomy in determining community organization of autumn-migrating landbirds in a riparian corridor in New Mexico invaded by Tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima). All six avian measures were associated with floristics, physiognomy, or both. However, usefulness in predicting migrant parameters differed between floristics and physiognomy, and depended on the vegetation measures used (direct measures vs. plant community-structure indices) and the scale investigated (micro- vs. macrohabitat). Using direct vegetation measures, migrant abundance, energy consumption, and evenness were more strongly associated with floristics than with physiognomy at all scales. Contrastingly, migrant species richness and diversity were more strongly associated with physiognomy than with floristics at the microhabitat scale, and appeared to be unrelated to vegetation measures at the macrohabitat scale. Migrant species composition was similar among floristically similar macrohabitats, but it was equally correlated with floristics and physiognomy at the microhabitat scale. Using plant community-structure indices, migrant species composition and evenness remained strongly associated with the floristic measure (plant species diversity). However, floristic diversity was most important in predicting migrant abundance and diversity, whereas both floristic and physiognomic (horizontal structure) diversity were important in predicting migrant energy consumption. Migrant species richness was not associated with plant community structure. Respective relationships of floristics and physiognomy to food resources and foraging substrates might explain observed bird–vegetation associations. The results indicated that floristics and physiognomy are both useful in predicting avian community organization in exotic vegetation, and such information can guide conservation and management strategies that seek to control Tamarix while protecting migrant landbirds and their stopover habitats.
CYBER CRIME AND CYBER SECURITY AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN ISRAEL AND SLOVENIA

In this paper we present the results of a survey that examined the attitude of users to cyber crime as well as their awareness of cyber security threats. The study was conducted among Israeli and Slovenian students. The study results reveal significant differences in the level of cyber awareness between evaluated groups of cyber users in both countries. The results may serve as the initial phase of a practical education approach aimed at evaluating the impact of cyber education on the level of cyber awareness of individuals. The study implication can also be utilized for the process of development courses to enhance individuals’ awareness of cyber hazards and to reduce the level of cyber victimization amongst users. Finally, the paper’s findings contribute to a better understanding of which factors are involved in the cyber awareness gap.
Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Chest Drain Care at Public Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore

Article History Received: 14.07. 2018 Accepted: 24.07. 2018 Published: 30.07. 2018 Abstract: The chest tube is used to restore the intra pleural pressure and to prevent the collapse of lungs. Chest tube management includes the actions to keep the tube functioning properly, which is the prime role of nurses while caring of patients with chest tube drainage Elfeky, 2013. The main objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge regarding chest drains care among staff nurses of Mayo hospital Lahore. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the level of nurses’ knowledge regarding chest drains care. A Convenient sample technique was used in this research study. A sample of n=150 was recruited. The main instrument for Information was questionnaire adopted from the research (Danish Ruhel 2013). The questionnaires were divided into two sections. Section 1 comprised of demographic information of respondents; Section two consist of knowledge based questions. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 21. The results are shown below. The finding of this study shows that among the participants 24% had poor knowledge of chest drainage care and they answered 13 or less correct answers off the 23 questions being asked. 24% of the participants had moderate knowledge and scored 14-19 correct responses, while 40% of the study participants had good knowledge of drainage care and answered above 19 correct responses. Overall there was a satisfactory level of knowledge regarding the chest tube drainage care among nurses of the selected hospital in Lahore.
Frozen Storage Performance of Cooked Cultivated Mussels (Mytilus edulis L.)—Influence of Ascorbic Acid and Chelating Agents

The usefulness of ascorbic acid and chelating agents in retarding sensory deterioration and progression of oxidative rancidity in frozencooked mussels was investigated. Ascorbic acid with and without chelating agents proved effective in arresting progression of oxidative rancidity, in samples held at – 12°C for 20 wk. However, these agents proved ineffective in preventing sensory deterioration of mussel meats under the same conditions. Mussels held at – 30°C showed an improved sensory stability throughout the study and demonstrated less progression of lipid oxidation compared with mussels held at – 12°C. Sensory deterioration at – 12°C storage is associated in part, with lipid oxidative changes. The ineffectiveness of antioxidant agents in preventing sensory deteriorative changes may indicate the presence of other, as yet undetermined, degradative pathways.
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC COMPONENTS IN F1 HYBRIDS AND THEIR PARENTS IN DETERMINATE TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)

Genetic analysis of yield and its contributing traits was studied in parents and their F1 hybrids in determinate tomato. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with two replications under Vegetable Program at Horticultural Research Institute NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan in spring 2011. The study was comprised 15 new crosses (determinate), their parental lines along with international hybrids for primary evaluation. Significant differences were observed for the characters viz; number of fruits per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of fruits per cluster, number of flowers per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), plant height (cm) and fruit yield (t/ha). Data was analyzed for genotypic variance, phenotypic variance, genetic advance, broad sense heritability (hbs), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The highest PCV and GCV magnitude was observed for yield (56.78 and 56.71 t/ha) followed by plant height (44.86, 44.84) and fruits per plant (43.26, 43.23). The heritability (hbs) is ranged from 0.93 to 1.00. For all the characters studied the highest heritability was observed in fruit per plant, fruit yield (t/ha) and plant height (1.00). The GA as percentage of mean at 5% and 1% level ranged from 33.96 to 116.68 and 43.53 to 149.53, respectively. The highest estimates of genetic gain were obtained for fruit yield (116. 68, 149.53), plant height (92.33%, 118.33%) and number of fruits per plant (89.00, 114.06). The characters with high values of GCV and hbs, accompanied by high GA % suggest that improvement of these characters would be effective through phenotypic selection. Four principal components were taken out having Eigen value equal to 1. These added 86% of the variability amongst the genotypes studied. All the four principal components exhibited high commonalities for plant height, fruit length, clusters per plant, fruits per plant, fruit weight (g), fruits per cluster, fruit yield (t/ha), flowers per cluster, clusters per plant. Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distances showed high level of genetic diversity among parents, hybrids and checks.
The Palaeogene Old World potoo Paraprefica Mayr, 1999 (Aves, Nyctibiidae): Its osteology and affinities to the New World Preficinae Olson, 1987

Synopsis New specimens of the poorly known Old World potoo Paraprefica kelleri Mayr, 1999 (Aves, Nyctibiidae) are described from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany, including the first complete skeleton with a well‐preserved skull. They provide additional details of the osteology of these birds and allow more detailed comparisons with the osteologically similar Prefica nivea Olson, 1987 from the Early Eocene of North America. For the first time, the phylogenetic relationships of Paraprefica and Prefica are evaluated in a cladistic context. Analysis of 98 characters supports a sister group relationship between Paraprefica and modern Nyctibiidae, whereas Prefica is shown to be the sister taxon of the Steatornithidae (oilbirds), as proposed in the original description. Some of the osteological similarities between Prefica and Paraprefica may be plesiomorphic for the Cypselomorphae, the taxon to which Nyctibiidae belong.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DIETS ON HONEYBEE WORKERS (APIS MELLIFERA L.) HAEMOCYTES

the influence of different diets on the haemolymph of adult honey bee worker was examined. Four diets were compared for measuring their effect on the different haemocytes types and count of the newly emerged workers bees'. Four groups of newly emerged worker bees were fed with one of the following diets in patty form with pollen and pollen substitute, soya bean, chick pea, yeast. Differential haemocytes counts were evaluated. The types of the haemocytes (plasmocytes –coagulocyte. granulocyte) were recorded, the most abundant types was plasmocytes cells over 42% followed by coagulocyte 33% and granulocytes24%. The highest total haemocytes count was 1345 cell for pollen, while the lowest total was 931.66 cells for pollen substitute, the examined pollen substitute caused decreased of total haemocytes count.
Racial differences in eggs and juveniles of Windermere charr, Salvelinus alpinus

At least four races of charr occur in Windermere, the largest natural lake in England: north basin and south basin autumn spawners, north basin and south basin spring spawners. This study examines racial differences between eggs and juveniles, and relates juvenile size and survival to egg size. There were no major differences between races for egg incubation times and the percentage of eggs hatching successfully, the latter being high (mean values 76–96%) with a negligible proportion of abnormal alevins (<0.8%). Although there were no significant differences in the lengths of the female parents, both eggs and alevins were significantly larger for the autumn spawners than the spring spawners. Size differences in alevins, especially live weight, were positively related to egg size but not female parent size. Mean percentage survival for juveniles attaining the independent feeding stage was higher for the progeny of autumn spawners (32%) than spring spawners (3%). Racial differences in the egg and alevin stages therefore appear to have a significant effect on subsequent survival, and could be ultimately responsible for the relatively small proportion of spring spawners (only 4–6%) in the Windermere population of charr.
Genetic Diversity of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller 1881) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Collected from Three Different Host-Plants in Tunisia by Using RAPD-PCR

The carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is an insect pest that causes damage to various crops and fruit trees throughout the world. In Tunisia, this pest attacks date, pomegranate and citrus by seriously affecting the fruit quality. Therefore, the objective of this work is to investigate genetic variation in the carob moth among and within three host-plants by three RAPD markers. The results showed high genetic diversity in the pest. The mean percentage of polymorphic loci was 78.38 %. The total variance percentage of 5 % among populations and 95 % within the populations is suggestive of the role of sexual reproduction for generating high genetic diversity. The average genetic distances among populations ranged from 0.028 to 0.043. The date population is more related to the pomegranate population compared to citrus specimens. The UPGMA dendrogram and the two-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there is no correlation between E. ceratoniae genotypes and their host plants and geographic localisation suggesting that gene flow between populations is independent of geographic distance and appears to be unrestricted.
Non-phonological Strategies in Spelling Development

This paper investigated the role that types of knowledge beyond phonology have on spelling development, such as knowledge of morpheme-to-grapheme mappings, of orthographic patterns, and of word-specific orthographic patterns. It is based on the modern view that children do not learn spelling in discrete stages but, rather, they apply different types of strategies from early on. The goals of the paper were threefold: (1) to determine the relative difficulty of different types of non-phonological spelling strategies, (2) to examine the contribution of non-phonological strategies (specifically, morphological, morphophonological, orthographic, and lexical) to conventional spelling scores, and (3) to determine the role of children’s educational level and population type (first- vs. second-language learners) on spelling strategy use. A large sample of 982 children (497 boys), speakers of Catalan (a Romance language similar to Spanish but with a less consistent orthography), participated in the study. They were administered a bespoke dictation task aimed to test their conventional and phonographic accuracy skill, as well as to determine their ability to use different types of non-phonological strategies for the spelling of ambiguous phonemes. Data were analyzed with a series of multigroup, multilevel SEMs. Results showed that (1) children across groups found morphological and lexical strategies harder to apply than orthographic and morphophonological strategies and (2) all types of non-phonological strategies contributed greatly to spelling accuracy scores, even after controlling for children’s phonographic skills. Efficient strategy use increased as a function of schooling level, while second-language learners had a worse performance throughout, but no group showed a specific pattern of results. In conclusion, the paper offers substantial evidence that non-phonological strategies are paramount to learning to spell at least during the early and intermediate elementary school years. It is suggested that the teaching of writing should therefore be multidimensional in nature and target particularly the strategies with which children struggle the most: knowledge of morpho-graphemic mappings and word-specific lexical representations. Theoretical implications are also discussed.
Erratum to “A revision of the trapdoor spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) in Peninsular Malaysia; part 2” [Revue suisse de Zoologie 126(2): 321-353]

The currently known species of the Liphistius trang-group in Peninsular Malaysia are revised on the basis of genital morphology and an identification key is given. Liphistius thaleban Schwendinger, 1990 and L. rufipes Schwendinger, 1995 are placed in the synonymy of L. yangae Platnick & Sedgwick, 1984. The previously unknown male of L. kanthan Platnick, in Platnick et al., 1997 is described for the first time. Liphistius kanthan and L. tempurung Platnick, in Platnick et al., 1997 are reported to occur together at the Tempurung Cave. Liphistius buran Schwendinger, sp. nov., an island species with a novel character of the palpal organ, is described from males and females. Information on and illustrations of intraspecific variation in most of these species is given together with data on biology and distribution. For selected Liphistius species in Malaysia a phylogenetic tree based on an analysis of COI sequences is presented and discussed in comparison with relationships inferred from morphological characters. Molecular data confirm the distinction between the malayanus-group and the trang-group in Malaysia, but, unlike an earlier interpretation of morphological evolution of genitalia, place species of the trang-group as basal to the malayanus-group.
Observations on the development of apothecia of Sclerotinia minor Jagg. in the field

Abstract Field observations, over a 5-year period, showed that apothecia of Sclerotinia minor are produced in large numbers only in spring, during September and October and, occasionally, early November. More apothecia developed from sclerotia placed in the field in May and June than from sclerotia placed in the field in January, February, March, April, and July. Under controlled temperature conditions in the laboratory, apothecial stipes were produced by sclerotia incubated at 10°-19°c with a sharp optimum at 15°c.
Carbon and nitrogen stocks in soil, trees and field vegetation in conifer plantations 10 years after deep soil cultivation and patch scarification

Abstract Biomass, total nitrogen (N) and total carbon (C) stocks were determined in trees, roots, field vegetation and soil in plots given two different site preparation treatments, deep soil cultivation (DSC) approximately 50 cm deep and patch scarification (PS), at three locations in Sweden 10 years after treatment. One location was planted with Pinus contorta, one with Picea abies and one with a mixture of P. abies and Pinus sylvestris. No differences were found in total ecosystem (trees, roots, field vegetation and soil) C and N stocks between the DSC and PS plots. In the DSC plots the tree biomass, tree N and C contents and total biomass were higher than in the PS plots, but the opposite was found for stocks in field vegetation. Biomass and C stocks in the total vegetation (trees, roots and field vegetation) were higher in the DSC plots. However, vegetation N stocks did not differ between the soil treatments, probably because the combined amount of leaf tissue in the trees and field vegetation did not differ between them. The proportions of biomass allocated to roots, stems and needles did not differ between the two treatments. However, the rooting was deeper in DSC plots, possibly because nutrient availability was higher, and subsoil density lower, following DSC than following PS.
Ant Communities in Two Habitats in Succulent Karoo Shrubland

G. Arena § , W.R. J. Dean* & S.J. Milton South African Environmental Observation Network, Arid Lands Node, P.O. Box 110040, Hadison Park, Kimberley, 8306 South Africa Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 South Africa DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 South Africa Wolwekraal Conservation and Research Organisation, P.O. Box 47, Prince Albert, 6930 South Africa
Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans Facilitates Fungal Infiltration and Persister Cell Formation in Vaginal Candidiasis

Background Vaginal candidiasis is an important medical condition awaiting more effective treatment. How Candida albicans causes this disease and survives antifungal treatment is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to establish a comprehensive understanding of biofilm-related defensive strategies that C. albicans uses to establish vaginal candidiasis and to survive antifungal treatment. Methods A mouse model of vaginal candidiasis was adopted to examine the formation of biotic biofilms on the vaginal epithelium and fungal infiltration by laboratory and clinical strains of C. albicans. Histopathological changes and local inflammation in the vaginal epithelium caused by C. albicans of different biofilm phenotypes were compared. Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out for C. albicans grown as planktonic cells, microplate-based abiotic biofilms, and epithelium-based biotic biofilms. Formation of persister cells by C. albicans in different growth modes was also quantified and compared. Results C. albicans wild-type reference strains and clinical isolates, but not the biofilm-defective mutants, formed a significant number of biotic biofilms on the vaginal epithelium of mice and infiltrated the epithelium. Biofilm formation and epithelial invasion induced local inflammatory responses and histopathological changes in the vaginal epithelium including neutrophil infiltration and subcorneal microabscesses. Biofilm growth on the vaginal epithelium also led to high resistance to antifungal treatments and promoted the formation of antifungal-tolerant persister cells. Conclusion This study comprehensively assessed biofilm-related microbial strategies that C. albicans uses in vaginal candidiasis and provided experimental evidence to support the important role of biofilm formation in the histopathogenesis of vaginal candidiasis and the recalcitrance of the infection to antifungal treatment.
Seasonal Variability in Benthic–Pelagic Coupling: Quantifying Organic Matter Inputs to the Seafloor and Benthic Macrofauna Using a Multi-Marker Approach

The exchange between the water column and the seafloor is a complex process, and is particularly intensive in the shallow waters of highly productive coastal areas, where the temporal variability in the inputs of pelagic organic matter will determine many aspects of the benthic community structure. However, few studies have focused on the seasonality of inputs of organic matter to the seafloor, and on the consequent dynamics and time scales of response of benthic consumers. We conducted a 1-year study where we repeatedly sampled multiple organic compounds traditionally used as markers to study the link between the pelagic organic matter inputs and the seafloor, and the potential response of benthic macrofauna to seasonal trends in phytoplankton biomass. We simultaneously quantified the particulate organic matter in the water column, the sinking material and different seafloor compartments, and analyzed it for pigments, organic carbon and nitrogen content, C/N ratio, and stable isotopes. Seafloor sediment was also analyzed for total lipids, and the dominant macrobenthic species for isotopic signatures. Results showed a major deposition of fresh organic matter during the spring bloom followed by more degraded organic matter inputs during the late summer bloom and even lower quality of the organic matter reaching the seafloor during winter. Strong positive relationships between water column and sedimentary pigments suggest that phytoplankton was the main source of carbon to the seafloor. The isotopic signatures of the dominant macrobenthic species suggest a fast response to the organic matter inputs from the water column. However, different species responded differently to the deposition of organic matter. Macoma balthica and Marenzelleria spp. fed on more reworked and degraded sedimentary material, while Monoporeia affinis showed a shift in the feeding habits according to its life stage, with adult individuals feeding on fresher material than juveniles did. Our study highlights the seasonal variability of the benthic–pelagic coupling and the utility of a multi-marker approach to follow the temporal inputs of organic matter from the water column to the seafloor and benthic organisms.