Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric Evaluation of Biomarker Accuracy Under Nested Case-Control Studies

To evaluate the clinical utility of new risk markers, a crucial step is to measure their predictive accuracy with prospective studies. However, it is often infeasible to obtain marker values for all study participants. The nested case-control (NCC) design is a useful cost-effective strategy for such settings. Under the NCC design, markers are only ascertained for cases and a fraction of controls sampled randomly from the risk sets. The outcome dependent sampling generates a complex data structure and therefore a challenge for analysis. Existing methods for analyzing NCC studies focus primarily on association measures. Here, we propose a class of nonparametric estimators for commonly used accuracy measures. We derived asymptotic expansions for accuracy estimators based on both finite population and Bernoulli sampling and established asymptotic equivalence between the two. Simulation results suggest that the proposed procedures perform well in finite samples. The new procedures were illustrated with data from the Framingham Offspring study.
THE EQUIVALENCE OF TWO CONDITIONS ON WEIGHTED NORM INEQUALITIES FOR MARTINGALES

0. Introduction. Let (Ω, F, P) be a complete probability space and let (Ft) be a non-decreasing right continuous family of sub σ-fields of F with Vί̂ o-f̂ = F such that Fo contains all P-null sets. Now, fix a random variable Z such that Z > 0 a.s. , and E[Z] = 1, and define Zt = E[Z\Ft]. In this paper we assume that the martingale Zt is continuous and Zo = 1. Then, as is well known, there exists a unique continuous local martingale M with Mo = 0 such that Zt = exp (Mt — (l/2)<ikf >*). Here <ikf> denotes the unique continuous increasing process such that M — (M) is a local martingale. This representation is of fundamental importance in our study. Furthermore we assume that the local martingale M is ZΛbounded. We proved in [1] that M is a i? MO-martingale if and only if Z satisfies the condition:
Contributions to the Theory of Dirichlet Processes

Abstract : The authors derive some basic properties of a sample X(1),. ,X(n) from a Dirichlet process. Let r(i) = 0 if X(i) = X(k) for some k = 1, . , i-1, and 1 otherwise. They authors first establish the distribution of the summation from i=1 to n of r(i), the number of distinct observations in the sample, and certain conditional and unconditional joint distributions of the X(i)'s and r(i)'s. These results are used to prove a weak law of large numbers for Z sub n = (the summation from i=1 to n of (r(i) X(i))/ the summation from i=1 to n of r(i). The weak law is then applied to obtain the consistency of a Bayes estimator of the index of the transition measure of a mixture of Dirichlet processes. (Author)
Criteria for Hierarchical Bases in Sobolev Spaces

Several approaches to solving elliptic problems numerically are based on hierarchical Riesz bases in Sobolev spaces. We are interested in determining the exact range of Sobolev exponents for which a system of compactly supported functions derived from a multiresolution analysis forms such a Riesz basis. This involves determining the smoothness of the dual system. The elements of the dual system typically consist of noncompactly supported functions, whose smoothness can be treated by extending the results of 7, 9, and 22. We show how to determine the exact range of Sobolev exponents in the multivariate case, both theoretically and numerically, from spectral properties of transfer operators. This technique is applied to several bases deriving from linear finite elements which have been proposed in the literature. For 29hierarchical basis, we find that it forms a Riesz basis in Hs(Rd) for −0.990236…
A Meta-Analysis Study on Data Literacy Education For School Administrators and Teachers

This meta-analysis study aimed to examine the effect of data literacy education, which affects data-based decision processes, on data use knowledge and skills of school administrators and teachers. Therefore, theses of data literacy education for school administrators and teachers and relevant studies in peer-reviewed journals were examined through several databases. The study was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software, using a total of eight studies published between 2006-2021. The results revealed that the selected studies were heterogeneous. Therefore, a random effects model was applied in the study. The overall effect size value of data literacy education was calculated as 2.16, suggesting that a data literacy education makes a positive high contribution to data use knowledge and skills of school administrators and teachers. The subgroup analyzes conducted to determine the source of heterogeneity in results have shown that data literacy education did not differ by type and country of publications, but varied by type of participants, where studies conducted with mixed participants had high effect values. Based on these results, it can be suggested that data literacy education given to school administrators and teachers should be expanded in all countries and education levels, and a meta-analysis of studies conducted in correlation between data literacy and different variables.
Fiber Optics. VII. Image Transfer from Lambertian Emitters

Light leakage between fibers for the particular case of their use with Lambertian emitters is discussed. The associated problems of the degree of optical contact between the fiber ends and the emitting source, and their effects on the over-all transmitting efficiency are considered in detail and results are presented for several representative emitters. A transmission theory of fibers based on meridional ray considerations alone is derived and shown to be adequate for high numerical aperture fibers. The general expressions, from which the simplified theory is deduced, are given in an appendix to the paper. Results are presented for an experimental system which has been constructed and tested. These results demonstrate that photometric gains of up to 40 or 140 are available when using a fiber optics cathode-ray tube in place of a standard tube and unit magnification f/1 and f/2.8 lens systems, respectively. The fusion processes entailed in the construction of such tubes and similar devices are considered. Fibers with a numerical aperture of 1.17 which retain their circular cross section during these processes are described.
Integrating Metabolomics and Gene Expression Underlying Potential Biomarkers Compounds Associated with Antioxidant Activity in Southern Grape Seeds

Different southern grape (Muscadine) genotypes (Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) were evaluated for their contents of metabolites in ripe berries. The metabolome study identified 331 metabolites in ripening skin and seed tissues. The major chemical groups were organic acids, fatty acyls, polyketides, and organic heterocycle compounds. The metabolic pathways of the identified metabolite were mainly arginine biosynthesis, D-glutamine, D-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and citrate cycle. Principal component analysis indicated that catechin, gallic acid, and epicatechin-3-gallate were the main metabolites existing in muscadine seed extracts. However, citramalic and malic acids were the main metabolites contributing to muscadine skin extracts. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (VIP > 1) described 25 key compounds indicating the metabolome in muscadine tissues (skin and seed). Correlation analysis among the 25 compounds and oxidation inhibition activities identified five biomarker compounds that were associated with antioxidant activity. Catechin, gallic acid, epicatechin-3-gallate, fertaric acid, and procyanidin B1 were highly associated with DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC, and ABTS. The five biomarker compounds were significantly accumulated in the seed relative to the skin tissues. An evaluation of 15 antioxidant-related genes represented by the 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase (DHD), shikimate kinase (SK), chalcone synthase (CHS), anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), laccase (LAC), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), 3-dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS), chorismate mutase (CM), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), gallate 1-β-glucosyltransferase (UGT), and anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) encode critical enzymes related to polyphenolics pathway throughout four developmental stages (fruit-set FS, véraison V, ripe-skin R, and ripe-seed; S) in the C5 genotype demonstrated the dramatic accumulation of all transcripts in seed tissue or a developmental stage-dependent manner. Our findings suggested that muscadine grape seeds contain essential metabolites that could attract the attention of those interested in the pharmaceutical sector and the plant breeders to develop new varieties with high nutraceutical value.
Thyroid dysfunction as a long-term post-COVID-19 complication in mild-to-moderate COVID-19

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may lead to thyroid disorders, including both thyrotoxicosis and suppression of thyroid function. The aim of the present study was to assess the post-COVID-19 effects on thyroid function in patients without history of thyroid disease after complete recovery from mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Thyroid function tests [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), antithyroid antibodies] were performed on 113 patients (median age of 43.0 years; 31.0% male) two months after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. TSH and fT4 were determined again one month later in this observational, prospective study. Thyroid dysfunction was registered in 61.1% of the patients (78.3% subclinical hypothyroidism, 13% subclinical hyperthyroidism and 8.7% overt hypothyroidism) two months after COVID-19. Moderate rather than mild manifestation of COVID-19 was significantly associated with a higher risk of thyroid dysfunction (OR 5.33; 95% CI: 1.70–16.69, p = 0.002), presence of thyroglobulin antibodies and need for levothyroxine therapy. At the follow-up, the subclinical hypothyroidism persisted in 28.3% of the subjects. Moreover, the TSH level was significantly reduced in comparison to the second month after the initial COVID-19 infection in all the patients (p < 0.001), but not in those with subclinical hypothyroidism and without hormone replacement therapy. Our findings indicate that COVID-19 could have long-term, negative effects on thyroid function. Therefore, thyroid function testing should be included in the follow-up algorithm of COVID-19 survivors.
Bayesian Nonparametric Estimation Based on Censored Data

Let XI, * * *, Xn be a random sample from an unknown cdf F, let Y 1. * , yn be known real constants, and let Z4 = min(Xi,yi), i = 1, * * *, n. It is required to estimate F on the basis of the observations ZI, , Zn, when the loss is squared error. We find a Bayes estimate of F when the prior distribution of F is a process neutral to the right. This generalizes results of Susarla and Van Ryzin who use a Dirichlet process prior. Two types of censoring are introduced -the inclusive and exclusive types-and the class of maximum likelihood estimates which thus generalize the product limit estimate of Kaplan and Meier is exhibited. The modal estimate of F for a Dirichlet process prior is found and related to work of Ramsey. In closing, an example illustrating the techniques is given.
The Influence of Brand Trust and Satisfaction towards Consumer Loyalty of a Local Cosmetic Products Brand X among Generation Z

The increasing demand for cosmetic products during the Covid-19 pandemic has encouraged companies to increase consumer trust and satisfaction so that consumers remain loyal to one brand, including a well-known local cosmetic product brand. This study aims to analyze the influence of brand trust and satisfaction towards consumer loyalty of a local cosmetic products brand X among generation Z. This study used a cross-sectional study design. Three hundred and eighteen respondents were collected by voluntary sampling. Data were collected through Google Forms online questionnaire and processed Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that gender, age, education, and monthly income were positively and significantly related to brand trust. Age, monthly income, frequency of purchasing local cosmetic brand X, types of local cosmetic brand X products purchased, and duration of use of local cosmetic brand X products have a positive and significant relationship with consumer loyalty. The results of the SEM show that brand trust positively and significantly influences consumer satisfaction and loyalty. In addition, consumer satisfaction positively and significantly influences consumer loyalty. The lack of consumer confidence in the materials used by brand X in production indicates that consumer literacy regarding products still needs to improve.
Material Design of Half-Metallic Zinc-Blende CrAs and the Synthesis by Molecular-Beam Epitaxy

A new class of half-metallic ferromagnets has been found in the zinc-blende crystal structure. The previously nonexistent zinc-blende CrAs thin films have been synthesized on GaAs (001) substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy, and show a ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. The zinc-blende CrAs has been designed by ab initio calculations based on the local spin-density approximation, and the calculation predicts the highly spin-polarized electronic band structure.
A Powerful Local Shear Instability in Weakly Magnetized Disks. II. Nonlinear Evolution

We consider the dynamical evolution of an accretion disk undergoing Keplerian shear flow in the presence of a weak magnetic field. A linear perturbation analysis presented in a companion paper shows that such a flow is dynamically unstable; here we consider some nonlinear consequences of this instability. We solve the equations of compressible magnetohydrodynamics using a two-dimensional finite-difference code. The Keplerian disk is threaded with a weak magnetic field that has a magnetic energy density much less than the thermal pressure
High-Dose Vitamin E Supplementation Can Alleviate the Negative Effect of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cows

Simple Summary This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a high-dose vitamin E (VE) supplementation on rumen microorganisms and the blood metabolites of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) induced by a high-grain diet in dairy cows, and to explore the mechanism of action through the combined analysis of the microbiome and metabolome. Our studies indicate that a high dose of VE can alleviate a series of adverse effects caused by SARA. Abstract The aim of this trial was to assess whether the supplementation of vitamin E (VE) in high-concentrate diets could improve the fermentation and blood metabolism in the rumen of dairy cows, thereby modulating the degree of the subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) response and improving the performance. Seven Holstein cows (four fitted with ruminal cannulas) were fed three diets (total mixed rations) during three successive periods (each lasted for 18 d): (1) the control diet (CON); (2) a high-grain (HG) diet, which was the control diet supplied with a 15% finely ground wheat diet (FGW); and (3) a high-VE diet (HGE), which was the control diet provided with a 15% FGW and 12,000 IU of VE/head per day. The results indicated that VE was able to alleviate the reduction in the dry matter intake (DMI) and milk fat yield in cows caused by HG diets. The supplementation of VE significantly reduced the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), histamine (HIS), and the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) in the rumen. The supplementation of VE observably increased the antioxidant capacity of the milk and plasma. In addition, VE markedly reduced the plasma levels of endotoxin, HIS, and pro-inflammatory factors. The supplementation of VE significantly enriched the differential metabolites of the purine metabolism, cysteine, methionine metabolism, and ABC transporter synthesis pathway in the serum. The supplementation of VE also significantly increased the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum and decreased the relative abundance of Treponema, thus reducing the production of TVFA in the rumen. In conclusion, considering that the cows in this trial had high ketone levels (BHBA > 2.3 mmol/L), we found that VE could improve the rumen fermentation and blood metabolism by modulating the relative abundance of rumen microorganisms, thereby mitigating a range of adverse effects caused by SARA.
Health Effects of Increasing Income for the Elderly: Evidence from a Chilean Pension Program

We estimate the effect of a permanent income increase on the health outcomes of the elderly poor. Our regression discontinuity design exploits an eligibility cutoff in a Chilean basic pension program that grants monthly payments to retirees without a contributory pension. Using administrative data, we find that four years after applying, basic pension recipients are 2.7 percentage points less likely to have died. Survey evidence suggests an increase in food consumption and visits to health centers as relevant drivers of the mortality reduction. (JEL D63, G51, I12, I14, I38, J14, O15)
Effect of surface plasmon energy matching on the sensing capability of metallic nano-hole arrays

We report on a nano-hole array structure with a single cavity beneath the perforated gold film. Structures were fabricated with a variety of cavity depths. The optical resonance of each structure as well as the surface plasmon (SP) energy matching between the top and bottom of the gold film were investigated. We also experimentally evaluated the sensitivity of the structures as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. We observed a 1.6-fold enhancement in bulk SPR sensitivity and a 3-fold improvement in figure of merit for a structure with a 350-nm cavity depth compared to a structure with a 5-nm cavity depth.We report on a nano-hole array structure with a single cavity beneath the perforated gold film. Structures were fabricated with a variety of cavity depths. The optical resonance of each structure as well as the surface plasmon (SP) energy matching between the top and bottom of the gold film were investigated. We also experimentally evaluated the sensitivity of the structures as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. We observed a 1.6-fold enhancement in bulk SPR sensitivity and a 3-fold improvement in figure of merit for a structure with a 350-nm cavity depth compared to a structure with a 5-nm cavity depth.
Therapeutic properties of oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus) cultivation on different cellulosic substrates

: The objectives of this work were to evaluate the antimicrobial activities, antioxidant in vitro cytotoxicity and DNA damage of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. cultivation on some local cellulosic substrates. It observed to be very active against bacteria (except S. mutans and K. pneumonia ), yeast and dermatophytes when compared to the control groups (10.0-32.7 mm). It also showed significant antioxidant potential, the highest TAS (0.978 mmol/L) and TOS (10.51 µmol/L) values were obtained in M-P (1:1) and W, and also DPPH radical scavenging effects was more effective at 25 mg (74.80%) on MS. The methanol extract of P. ostreatus cultured on M-W (2.35%) and M-P (1:1) (9.74%) at 400 μg/mL concentration has remarkably decreased the percentage of viability in MDA-MB-231 and A-549 cell lines. However, it has been determined that P. ostreatus does not have a DNA protective effect. These results indicate that P. ostreatus has potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, as well as cytotoxic effects.
Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Analysis of Switching Regressions and of Random Coefficient Regression Models

Abstract Quandt [20] analyzed the problem of discontinuous shifts in regression regimes at unknown points in the data series. We note that Quandt's statistical approach based solely on the likelihood function can be misleading, whereas the Bayesian method based on a proper prior distribution of the unknown parameters yields sensible results. However, the exact evaluation of the posterior distribution is unusually burdensome and cannot be simplified even in large samples. To avoid this difficulty, we suggest an alternative formulation and provide an approximate Bayesian solution. In this alternative formulation, the coefficient vectors are treated as random drawings from a continuous multivariate distribution.
By‐dependent prompt penetrating electric fields at the magnetic equator

We propose a new type of prompt penetrating electric field effect which seems to be related to the y‐component of the interplanetary magnetic field and the NBZ current system. We report an equatorial electric field pattern which is not consistent with present understanding of prompt penetrating electric fields. The associated unbalanced excess NBZ current in one hemisphere partially flows across the nighttime equatorial zone. We find that a current system closes perpendicular to the ecliptic plane in the solar wind with a direction opposite to the interplanetary electric field. This is required for an MHD generator located in the solar wind.
Stator Core Loss Analysis and Suppression of Permanent Magnet Vernier Machines

Permanent magnet vernier machine is a new type of permanent magnet machine, which is operated based on flux modulation effect. In this article, the stator core loss of the permanent magnet vernier machine is investigated based on the relationship of the stator core loss to harmonic components of the airgap magnetic flux density crossing airgap and leakage flux not crossing airgap. In this manner, the stator core loss can be analyzed with consideration of flux modulation effect and flux modulation pole structure. First, stator core losses generated by magnetic fields of permanent magnet and armature winding are analyzed. Then, stator tooth fluxes coming from airgap magnetic flux and leakage flux are derived. Also, nonworking stator tooth flux contributing stator core loss but not contributing torque is identified. Based on this, two approaches to suppress the stator core loss of the permanent magnet vernier machine are proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the stator core loss analysis and suppression is verified by finite-element analysis and experiments.
Secular changes in South African rainfall: 1880 to 1972

Analysis of time series for 157 stations with records covering the period 1910–1972 and for fewer stations with records extending back to 1880 suggests that the commonly held view that South Africa, as a whole, is undergoing progressive desiccation must be questioned. Instead the data suggest the specific regional occurrence of weak (but nonetheless readily discernible) oscillations of 16–20 and 10–12 years, the ubiquity of 3–4 year fluctuations and the spatially distinctive occurrence of a quasi-biennial oscillation.