Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arctic sea ice mass balance in a new coupled ice–ocean model using a brittle rheology framework

Abstract. Sea ice is a key component of the Earth's climate system as it modulates the energy exchanges and associated feedback processes at the air–sea interface in polar regions. These exchanges have been suggested to strongly depend on openings in the sea ice cover, which are associated with fine-scale sea ice deformations, but the importance of these processes remains poorly understood as most numerical models struggle to represent these deformations without using very costly horizontal resolutions (≃ 5 km). In this study, we present results from a 12 km resolution ocean–sea ice coupled model, the first that uses a brittle rheology to represent the mechanical behaviour of sea ice. This rheology has been shown to reproduce observed characteristics and complexity of fine-scale sea ice deformations at relatively coarse resolutions. We evaluate and discuss the Arctic sea ice mass balance of this coupled model for the period 2000–2018. We first assess sea ice quantities relevant for climate (volume, extent, and drift) and find that they are consistent with satellite observations. We evaluate components of the mass balance for which observations are available, i.e. sea ice volume export through Fram Strait and winter mass balance in the Arctic marginal seas for the period 2003–2018. Model values show a good match with observations, remaining within the estimated uncertainty, and the interannual variability of the dynamic contribution to the winter mass balance is generally well captured. We discuss the relative contributions of dynamics and thermodynamics to the sea ice mass balance in the Arctic Basin for 2000–2018. Using the ability of the model to represent divergence motions at different scales, we investigate the role of leads and polynyas in ice production. We suggest a way to estimate the contribution of leads and polynyas to ice growth in winter, and we estimate this contribution to add up to 25 %–35 % of the total ice growth in pack ice from January to March. This contribution shows a significant increase over 2000–2018. This coupled framework opens up new opportunities to understand and quantify the interplay between small-scale sea ice dynamics and ocean properties.
Barriers and opportunities in implementation of Lean Manufacturing tools in the ceramic industry

Abstract The concept of lean management in an organization, improving products and processes using the Lean Manufacturing concept, is discussed in this paper. Striving for excellence is the key factor in maintaining competitiveness on the market. Only organizations able to adapt to changing environmental conditions faster than others achieve an advantage, and the management in line with the Lean Manufacturing philosophy is de facto change management. In this paper, important factors in the ceramic industry, which should be taken into account when implementing Lean Manufacturing are characterized. Important factors affecting the implementation of lean tools include, such as: the size of the enterprise, involvement of employees, knowledge about the Lean concept, technological factor, type and variety of the product line, as well as the specificity of the ceramic industry. The greatest opportunity associated with the implementation of Lean is to increase the competitiveness of the company obtained through: meeting the quality and economic expectations of customers. The greatest opportunity associated with implementation of the Lean is to increase competitiveness of the company obtained through: meeting the quality and economic expectations of their customers. Practice shows, however, that despite the simplicity of rules and tools, few organizations manage to achieve the level of excellence of the pioneer of this concept, the Japanese Toyota Corporation.
Krugman'sPapers in Regional Science: The 100 dollar bill on the sidewalk is gone and the 2008 Nobel Prize well-deserved

This paper reviews Paul Krugman's fundamental contributions to new trade theory (NTT) and new economic geography (NEG) on the occasion of his 2008 Nobel Prize. We appraise the impact his work had on the field of regional science broadly defined, and we quantify its influence on papers published in "Papers in Regional Science" ("PIRS") between 1991 and 2009 (vols. 70-87 and papers in press). We then discuss in more detail a few contributions published in "PIRS" that extend his original analysis in various directions. Finally, we briefly speculate on where NEG is headed to and which are the research directions that should be explored more thoroughly in the future. Copyright (c) 2009 the author(s). Journal compilation (c) 2009 RSAI.
Topology on ordered fields

An ordered field is a field which has a linear order and the order topology by this order. For a subfield $F$ of an ordered field, we give characterizations for $F$ to be Dedekind-complete or Archimedean in terms of the order topology and the subspace topology on $F$.
PROFILING SEASON-LONG EXPRESSION OF Cry1Ac IN 13 COMMERCIAL VARIETIES OF BOLLGARD® COTTON: INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL BACKGROUND AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ENDOTOXIN EXPRESSION LEVELS

Transgenic cotton varieties widely differ in the amount of expressed Bt throughout the growing season. These data suggest that the conventional parental background, for which the cry1Ac gene is inserted, is a factor contributing to expression differences. Although other environmental factors (e.g. irrigation and plant stress) could influence expression, soil composition did not contribute to Bt expression differences among varieties. These expression data will hopefully contribute to a variety-development program that incorporates high-yielding varieties with the best transgenic insect control.
TEAM CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION: PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Innovation and creativity in the workplace have become increasingly important determinants of organizational performance, success, and longer-term survival. Yet, creativity and innovation are complex, multi-level, and emergent phenomena that pan out over time, and that require skillful leadership in order to maximize the benefits of new and improved ways of working. Creativity and innovation at work are the process, outcomes, and products of attempts to develop and introduce new and improved ways of doing things. The creativity stage of this process refers to idea generation, and innovation to the subsequent stage of implementing ideas toward better procedures, practices, or products. Creativity and innovation can occur at the level of the individual, work team, organization, or at more than one of these levels combined, but will invariably result in identifiable benefits at one or more of these levels-of-analysis. Therefore, this article will analyze psychosocial factors influencing the team creativity, and discover ideas and solutions contributing to the business development.
Survivability of Autonomous Microgrid During Overload Events

Grid-forming sources are voltage sources that draw necessary currents to meet any load changes. A load step can cause part or all of these sources to become overloaded in a microgrid. This paper presents an overload mitigation controller that addresses the two overload issues in a microgrid by actively controlling the sources’ frequency. When part of the sources in a microgrid is overloaded, the controller autonomously transfers the extra load to other sources by rapidly reducing its frequency. The frequency difference between sources during transient results in a change of phase angle, which redistributes the power flow. When all sources in a microgrid are overloaded, each source keeps dropping the frequency. Therefore, under frequency load shedding can be used to trip the non-critical loads resulting in the survival of microgrid. The advantages of these concepts are that communications between sources are not needed during transient, and the robust voltage control is maintained. Simulation and field tests from Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions/American Electric Power microgrid test site verify that the control strategy is effective in both purely inverter-based microgrids and inverter and generator mixed microgrids.
The distribution and mycotoxigenicity of fungal isolates of stored maize grains from five agro-ecological zones of Nigeria

Seventy composite samples of stored maize grains collected from farmers’ storage structures in five agro-ecological zones of Nigeria (AEZs): Sudan Savanna (SS), Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS), Southern Guinea Savanna (SGS), Derived Savanna (DS) and Humid Forest (HF) were examined for fungal contamination. The isolates were further assessed for their abilities to produce mycotoxins in culture medium. The Aspergillus isolates found in the grains were A. niger -clade, A. fumigatus and A. tamari . The Aspergillus population (63.7–76.8%) was significantly higher than the population of other fungal genera in the grains excluding grains from the HF zone where the Penicillium species (51.4%) occurred in higher abundance of 51.4% to 35.03% of Aspergillus . In addition the Fusarium isolates were more abundant (19.4%; p<0.05) in the NGS zone than the other zones. Of the five Fusarium species ( F. semitectum , F. verticillioides , F. graminearum , F. proliferatum and F. nygamai) isolated in the grains, F. verticillioides recorded a high occurrence of 100% in both the NGS and SS zones respectively. The isolates were found to produce aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in culture medium and A. flavus was the only aflatoxin-producing species among the Aspergilli . Stored maize grains in Nigeria thus contain an array of mycotoxigenic moulds which may increase the risk of mycotoxin exposure since environmental and storage conditions in sub-Saharan Africa favour mycotoxin production.
Some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Frozen Guava Puree as Affected by Pre-freezing Treatments and Storage Time

: Guava ( Psidum guajava L.) is an important subtropical fruit. It has a unique quince- and banana-like odor, and it is considered as excellent source of vitamin C. Like many fruits guava is produced seasonally, therefore, it is processed into puree during the season which is usually stored frozen, then, it is supplied to food companies for the production of many commodities such as jam, nectar and beverages, fruit blends. However, the frozen puree undergoes flavor and color deterioration during storage period. Thus, this work focuses on studying the effects of pre-freezing treatments and freezing storage periods on some physical and chemical properties of the frozen puree. Pre-freezing treatments include; i) pasteurization (85 > C for 2 minutes), ii) pH modification, iii) EDTA addition, iv) EDTA plus Pasteurization, and v) Sucrose addition (30&45%). The obtained results indicated that pasteurization was the best treatment in maintaining the natural quality indices especially vitamin C retention and color stability (best lightness). Therefore, addition of EDTA in combination with enough pasteurization process was recommended to maintain the quality attributes of frozen guava puree during storage until consumed or processed into other products.
Study on the biochemical and histopathological effects of herbal mixture on the kidneys of experimental rats

Medicinal plants have shown to possess some biologically active constituents that have significant effects in human. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Goko Cleanser (herbal mixture) on the kidney of albino Wistar rats. Phytochemical analysis of the herbal mixture was done. A total of twenty-five animals weighing 150 g – 200 g were used. The rats were randomly selected into five groups of five (5) experimental rats. The groups were classified as A-E, and graded dosage of the herbal mixture administration was done. Group A served as normal control group and received no herbal mixture, group B received 1000 mg/kg of the herbal mixture, group C received 2000 mg/kg of the herbal mixture, group D received 3000 mg/kg and group E received 4000 mg/kg. The results show that Goko Cleanser herbal mixture contains tannin, saponin and flavonoids as its phytochemical constituents. The creatinine level had a significant (P<0.05) increase in test groups D and E when compared to the control group; while in groups B and C, there was no significant increase (P>0.05) when compared to the control group. The urea and potassium levels also had significant increases (P>0.05) in the test groups D and E when compared to the control group. Results of histopathological analysis showed a concomitance with the biochemical findings. Hence, the results from this study show that Goko Cleanser herbal mixture possesses dose-dependent toxic effect on the kidney. histopathological effects of this herbal mixture (Goko Cleanser) on the using Wistar
Gender and Ethnicity Differences in Freshmen Engineering Student Attitudes: A Cross‐Institutional Study *

We examine the attitudes of entering freshman engineering students and how they change over the course of the first year at 17 institutions. In addition to better understanding these attitudes and the changes that occur, we explore how these changes potentially affect such issues as “first term probation” and attrition from engineering programs. Particular attention is directed at isolating differences due to gender and ethnicity. Thirteen different student attitudes were captured using the Pittsburgh Freshman Engineering Attitude Survey© (PFEAS) at the beginning of the first semester (pre) and at either the end of the first semester or first academic year (post).
Blind source separation using hellinger divergence and copulas

Whenever there is a mixture of signals of any type, e.g. sounds, images or any other form of source signals, Blind Source Separation ( BSS ) is the method utilized to separate these signals from the observations. The separation is done without any prior knowledge about the mixing process nor the source signals. In literature multiple algorithms have been deployed for this particular problem, however most of them depends on Independent Component Analysis ( ICA ) and its variations assuming the statistical independence of the sources. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm improving the separation quality for both independent and dependent sources. Our algorithm used copulas to accurately model the dependency structure and the Hellinger divergence as a distance measure since it can convergence faster and it is robust against noisy source signals. Many simulations were conducted for various samples of sources to illustrate the superiority of our approach compared to other methods.
Feeding practices and nutritional status of horses in Ganderbal District of Kashmir

Equines have a significant impact on socio-economics of poor farmers; however improper nutritional management leads to their below average performances, and thus lack of interest in equine rearing, the main cause for continuous decline in equine population. The present study was conducted on 90 horse rearing households in three blocks (Ganderbal, Kangan, and Lar) of Ganderbal district, the northern Himaliyan region of J&K (UT) to assess the feeding practices followed by the farmers and the nutritional status of different classes of horses. The feed ingredients offered to animals were collected for nutrient composition and the feed intake was recorded for determination of nutritional status of equines in terms of intake of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), digestible energy (DE), and macro minerals (Ca and P). Daily DM intake was optimal in adult equines and 18.01% below requirements in foals. The mean daily intake of CP in adult equines was 17.13% higher, while in foals and nursing mares it was 5.97% and 9.20% lower than requirement, respectively. In all categories of equines, the mean daily Ca and P intakes were either optimal or above requirements. It is concluded that horse owners had limited scope of feed/fodder resources for feeding their animals which led to deficiency in DM, DE, CP, and Ca, particularly in foals. to 3.28±0.12% in oat hay. The highest ash content was found in paddy straw (13.10±0.30) and the lowest in oat hay (10.37±0.23). The highest neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content was found in paddy straw (69.19±0.46) and the lowest in mixed hay (53.25±0.57). The highest acid detergent fibre (ADF) content was found in paddy straw (54.30±0.51) and the lowest in mixed hay (11.90±0.44 percent DM). Ca content in mixed hay was found to be the highest (1.07±0.03), followed by P content in oat hay (0.75±0.01). Among concentrates, mustard oilcake (MOC) had the highest CP content (36.69±0.40) and maize had the lowest (5.07±0.13). The EE content in concentrate feed ranged from 2.33±0.09 percent DM in wheat bran to 13.12±0.22 percent DM in MOC. Rice bran had the highest ash content (12.65±0.21) and maize grain had the lowest (3.09±0.14). Ca content was found to be highest in wheat bran (0.69±0.02 percent DM) and P in MOC (1.09±0.03 percent DM). The chemical composition of feeds and fodders fed to the equines in the study areas of district Ganderbal was within normal ranges (ICAR, 2013). Our findings support the findings of Hassan et al. (2018 and 2019), Ganai et al. (2006), and Bhat et al. (2021). The nutrient content of feeds and fodders is determined by the region's agro-climatic and edaphic conditions. The introduction of high-yielding crop varieties, intensive crop cultivation, and extensive use of various fertilizers all change the nutrient content of feedstuffs and in turn, the quality and of feed available to animals in a given have a significant their
Study of Some Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Acacia gerrardii Gum from Sudan

: Acacia gerrardii Gum samples that were used in this work were collected from four different locations. Those locations are Khor Tamba, Bark Alla, Garduod Duleyba and Umshara, South Kordofan State, Sudan. Physicochemical properties of gum samples such as moisture, ash, protein and nitrogen contents, total soluble fiber, specific rotation, relative viscosity, intrinsic viscosity and pH have been investigated. It has been found that, there are noteworthy differences in these gum properties in this study. The gum from Bark Alla has higher protein content and intrinsic viscosity compared to the similar samples from three other locations; they were 33% and 244% respectively. The stability emulsion of Acacia gerrardii gum decreased with increasing the time. In contrast, the emulsion stability of gum raised up from 1.32 to 1.75 with rising stirring time from 1 to 5 minutes. Stability emulsion of Acacia gerrardii gum in regard to type of sesame and groundnut refined oils was investigated. Results indicate that using different types of oils results in significant differences in emulsion stability.
Ahlfors-Beurling operator on radial functions

We give a simple proof of a sharp bound of Ahlfors--Beurling operator on complex-valued radial functions. In the language of the Calculus of Variation we prove a certain estimates for stretch and twist functions. Our estimate go slightly beyond this case. This article was written in February 2009 and then delivered at a seminar talk at UW, Madison on February, 2009.
Are the risk weights of banks in the Czech Republic procyclical?

Evidence The Working Paper Series of the Czech National Bank (CNB) is intended to disseminate the results of the CNB’s research projects as well as the other research activities of both the staff of the CNB and collaborating outside contributors, including invited speakers. The Series aims to present original research contributions relevant to central banks. It is refereed internationally. The referee process is managed by the CNB Research Division. The working papers are circulated to stimulate discussion. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the CNB. Abstract We analyze the cyclicality of risk weights of banks in the Czech Republic from 2008 to 2016. We differentiate between risk weights under the internal ratings-based and those under the standardized approach, consider both the business cycle and the ﬁnancial cycle, and employ wavelet coherence as a means of dynamic correlation analysis. Our results indicate that the risk weights of exposures under the internal ratings-based approach, including risk weights related to exposures secured by real estate collateral, are procyclical with respect to the ﬁnancial cycle. We also show that the effect of changing asset quality on risk weights is present for the internal ratings-based approach, in line with our expectations based on regulatory standards. Our results can be employed for the purposes of decision-making on the activation of supervisory and macroprudential instruments, including the countercyclical capital buffer.
Experimental Study of Flow Characteristics Over Single Step Broad Crested Weir

Weirs are hydraulic structures built across channels to raise the depth of water across irrigation channels and also to vary the channels flow characteristics making it easier to measure discharge rate of flow. This study analyzed the parameters that have effect on the steps and its shape to influence the flow characteristics such as coefficient of discharge, height, velocity etc. An empirical relations for discharge coefficient ( (cid:1) (cid:2) ) and flow rate due to these changes were derived. The results showed that the weir model with (cid:3) (cid:4) (cid:3) (cid:5) = 0.167 produce a higher (cid:1) (cid:2) compared with other weir models of different configuration of constant round nose radius. At the end of the analysis, two model equations were obtained, the first model was used to estimate the flow rate over the weir models, the second was to estimate the (cid:1) (cid:2) in terms of ratios of weir height ( (cid:7) (cid:8) (cid:5) ) and round nose radius ( (cid:3) (cid:4) (cid:3) (cid:5) ). The model results obtained can be used to design a prototype weirs of desired coefficient of discharge.
fix nitrogen in the Ocean.

Biological dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation is an important source of nitro- gen (N) in low-latitude open oceans. The unusual N 2 -fixing unicellular cyanobacteria (UCYN-A)/haptophyte symbiosis has been found in an increasing number of unexpected environments, including northern waters of the Danish Straight and Bering and Chukchi Seas. We used nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) to measure 15 N 2 uptake into UCYN-A/haptophyte symbiosis and found that UCYN-A strains identical to low-latitude strains are fixing N 2 in the Bering and Chukchi Seas, at rates comparable to subtropical waters. These results show definitively that cyanobacterial N 2 fixation is not constrained to subtropical waters, challenging paradigms and models of global N 2 fixation. The Arctic is particularly sensitive to climate change, and N 2 fixation may in- crease in Arctic waters under future climate scenarios. However, recently an unusual N 2 -fixing unicellular cyanobacteria (UCYN-A)/haptophyte symbiosis was reported with a broader temperature range than other N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria. We report that the UCYN-A symbiosis is present and fixing N 2 in the Western Arctic and Bering Seas, further north than any previously reported N 2 - fixing marine cyanobacteria. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry enabled us to directly show that the symbiosis was fixing N 2 . These results show that N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria are not constrained to subtropical waters and challenge commonly held ideas about global marine N 2 fixation.