Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linking Ocean Forcing and Atmospheric Interactions to Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in MPI‐ESM1.2

We investigate how ocean‐driven multidecadal sea surface temperature (SST) variations force the atmosphere to jointly set the pace of Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV). We generate periodic low‐frequency Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation oscillations by implementing time‐dependent deep‐ocean‐density restoring in MPI‐ESM1.2 to explicitly identify variations driven by Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation without any perturbation at the ocean‐atmosphere interface. We show in a coupled experiment that ocean heat convergence variations generate positive SST anomalies, turbulent heat release, and low sea level pressure in the subpolar North Atlantic (NA) and vice versa. The SST signal is communicated to the tropical NA by wind‐evaporative‐SST feedbacks and to the North‐East Atlantic by enhanced northward atmospheric heat transport. Such atmospheric feedbacks and the characteristic AMV‐SST pattern are synchronized to the multidecadal time scale of ocean circulation changes by air‐sea heat exchange. This coupled ocean‐atmosphere mechanism is consistent with observed features of AMV and thus supports a key role of ocean dynamics in driving the AMV.
Antioxidant Activity of Several Allium Members

A liposome model was used to examine the antioxidant activity of several members of the Allium family, including garlic bulb, bakeri garlic bulb, Chinese leek, Chinese chive, onion bulb, scallion, and shallot bulb. Allicin formation of these plants was analyzed. The influence of heat, pH, and salt upon the antioxidant activity of these foods was studied. The results showed that part of the Allium family possessed antioxidant capability (p < 0.05). Beside onion, allicin was present in other tested Allium members. Beside allicin, other compounds could be involved in the antioxidant activity performance because the allicin concentration was not strongly correlated to the antioxidant activity observed in these Allium foods. Heat treatments at 65 or 100 °C and acid treatment at pH = 2 reduced the antioxidant activity for most foods (p < 0.05). The pH treatments at values of 4, 6, and 8 as well as the salt treatments at concentrations of 0.2 or 0.4 M did not affect the antioxidant or prooxidant activity of thes.
A Bayesian model of filamentary dynamics in MAST

A novel approach using Bayesian inference has been implemented to interpret the filamentary dynamics measured by a Langmuir probe fixed to a reciprocating assembly on MAST. The model describes the system as a superposition of time-displaced filaments and a fixed background component. Each filament is parameterised in terms of a characteristic rise and fall time and maximum amplitude centred on local maxima in the measured data time-series. A distinctive feature of the approach is that no minimum threshold is set for the existence of filaments. It is observed that whereas large amplitude filaments are well characterised in terms of rise times, smaller amplitude filaments are often unconstrained by the data and are limited by the details of the prior. Based on these findings, a new definition for the plasma filaments is proposed based on the uncertainty in the filament rise times. The remaining filaments together with the constant background component forms a new time-dependent signal referred to as the computed background fluctuation signal. The characteristics of these signals (for the plasma filaments and for the background fluctuations) are reported in terms of their spatial variation as the probe moves through the SOL and into the core plasma.
Culture-based fisheries in non-perennial reservoirs of Sri Lanka: influence of reservoir morphometry and stocking density on yield

Culture-based fish yield in non-perennial reservoirs of Sri Lanka was related to reservoir morphometry and stocking density. The reservoirs were stocked mainly with fingerlings of one Chinese and three Indian major carp species, common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. , and the genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), at four pre-determined species combinations and a range of stocking densities [SD (fingerlings ha−1)]. Twenty-three reservoirs were harvested successfully at the end of the culture period of 2002–2003. Basic limnological and morphometric parameters, including shoreline development (DL) and shoreline area ratio (RLA), were estimated for each of the 23 reservoirs. Bray–Curtis similarity and non-metric multidimensional scaling using mean values of limnological data revealed that reservoirs could be ordinated into two major clusters, one with intact sample distribution due to similar trophic characteristics and the other with scattered sample distribution. Reservoirs in the cluster with similar trophic characteristics showed significant correlation (P < 0.05) between RLA and total fish yield (Y). A multiple regression equation, Y = −693 + 4810 RLA + 0.484 SD, was generated to estimate fish harvest in relation to SD.
PENINGKATAN PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA BAHASA ARAB MELALUI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA WORD WALL

Application of the word wall method is one of alternative to improve students Arabic vocabulary. A problem for student of class III A in MI Al-Ba’ats is the low of Arabic vocabulary which has an impact on the students learning outcomes. The aim of this skills research are to improve of students Arabic vocabulary skills by using word wall media. This research used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) with fourth cycles. Each cycles concisted of six phases, which: identification of problems, need assessment, idea, implication, and decision making. The subject of the research are 21 students of the class III A MI Al-Ba’ats. The data sources of the research are the research and students. Data collection techniques are used an observation, an interview, tests and documentation. If the individual completeness reaches ≥ 65 and if value of the whole completeness reaches 75% of the students more than ≥ 65, then it could he said as a complete learning outcomes. The average value of learning outcomes in the pre-action is 62 and the value of the whole completeness is 33.3%. The average value of learning outcomes in the first cycle 69 and the value of the whole completeness is 66.7%. The average value of learning outcomes in the second cycle is 73 and the value of the whole completeness is 85.7%. The average value of learning outcomes in the third cycle is 80 and the value of the whole completeness is 95.2%. The average value of learning outcomes in the fourth cycle is 80.1 and the value of the whole completeness is 95.2%. The conclution of this research is by using word wall media, it can improve students Arabic vocabulary skills at class III A of MI Al-Ba’ats.
Lifetime sexual dimorphism in Juniperus communis var. communis

The sexes of dioecious Juniperus communis were differentially affected over their lifetime in response to ecological and physiological stress in populations of different ages studied over 23 years in southern England. In a young population, the female survival rate was less than the male rate, with more females dying during a severe attack by rabbits and later with fungus disease in the roots. The sex ratio (female : male) in marked individuals was predicted by age, changing from 1:1.13 in 1983 to 1:1.32 in 2005. In an old senescing population, where two-thirds of the individuals died, the sex ratio varied, but overall became more male biased (1:1.51–1:2.10). Males had a greater resistance to terminal disease, and were slightly older than females at death (110 years compared to 106). Young females grew less than males, presumably because of greater trade-offs with reproductive effort: the mean annual shoot growth was 6.7 cm compared to 8.1 cm in males. By approximately 30 years of age, heights of the sexes were significantly different. The annual growth of old females (4.8 cm) was greater than that in males (4.3 cm), possibly because males survived longer in poor health. Sexual differences in height in the old population were progressively lost. Cone abundance in females was less than that in males and cone production had greater periodicity; the young population outperformed the old. There were slightly longer time lags in inverse correlations between growth and reproductive indices in females.
Coccidia of the Genus Isospora in Cats, Dogs and Man

In a recent number of Parasitology Dobell (1926) has expressed disagreement with certain views put forward by me (1923) in a paper dealing with the coccidia of cats, dogs and man. His criticisms deal particularly with the name Isospora belli1 given by me to the coccidium discovered in man during the war, but my observations on the coccidia of cats and dogs also come under review. As regards the coccidia of these animals Dobell's criticisms would undoubtedly have been considerably modified if he had referred to a note written by myself and Sheather (1925). He has apparently overlooked this note entirely, an omission which is all the more unfortunate in that it has a very direct bearing on many of the statements made in his article.
The influence of lithology on channel geometry and bed sediment organization in mountainous hillslope‐coupled streams

Sediment transport and channel morphology in mountainous hillslope‐coupled streams reflect a mixture of hillslope and channel processes. However, the influence of lithology on channel form and adjustment and sediment transport remains poorly understood. Patterns of channel form, grain size, and transport capacity were investigated in two gravel‐bed streams with contrasting lithology (basalt and sandstone) in the Oregon Coast Range, USA, in a region in which widespread landslides and debris flows occurred in 1996. This information was used to evaluate threshold channel conditions and channel bed adjustment since 1996. Channel geometry, slope, and valley width were measured or extracted from LiDAR and sediment textures were measured in the surface and subsurface. Similar coarsening patterns in the first few kilometres of both streams indicated strong hillslope influences, but subsequent downstream fining was lithology‐dependent. Despite these differences, surface grain size was strongly related to shear stress, such that the ratio of available to critical shear stress for motion of the median surface grain size at bankfull stage was around one over most of the surveyed lengths. This indicated hydraulic sorting of supplied sediment, independent of lithology. We infer a cycle of adjustment to sediment delivered during the 1996 flooding, from threshold conditions, to non‐alluvial characteristics, to threshold conditions in both basins. The sandstone basin can also experience complete depletion of the gravel‐size alluvium to sand size, leading to bedrock exposure because of high diminution rates. Although debris flows being more frequent in a basalt basin, this system will likely display threshold‐like characteristics over a longer period, indicating that the lithologic control on channel adjustment is driven by differences in rock competence that control grain size and available gravel for bed load transport. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MINIREVIEW—PREDICTING THE EFFECTS OF BROWN ALGAL PHLOROTANNINS ON MARINE HERBIVORES IN TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE OCEANS

Phlorotannins are polyphenolic brown algal secondary metabolites that can function as herbivore deterrents, digestive inhibitors, and antibacterial agents; thus, they are putative defensive agents against the natural enemies of these algae (see Rosenthal and Janzen 1979, Norris and Fenical 1982, Ragan and Glombitza 1986, Hay and Fenical 1988, Bernays et al. 1989, Steinberg 1992 for reviews, but see Targett et al. 1995). Phlorotannins also contribute to absorption in the UV-B range (280–320 nm) (Pavia et al. 1997) and may function in chelation of metal ions (Ragan and Glombitza 1986). They are found in almost all brown algal orders including Ectocarpales, Dictyotales, Laminariales, Fucales, and Ascoseirales. Phlorotannin concentrations have been determined for a wide range of brown algae and have been found to occur regularly at levels . 2% dry mass (DM) throughout the temperate and tropical Atlantic and temperate Pacific (Ragan and Glombitza 1986, Steinberg 1992, Targett et al. 1992, 1995 for reviews). They are generally ,2% DM in brown algae in the tropical Indo-Pacific. The role polyphenolics play in plant antiherbivore defense was traditionally considered to be generalized and nonspecific and their activity dose-dependent or quantitative. They were thought to deter herbivory due to their astringency and to act as digestibilityreducing compounds (Feeny 1976, Rhoades and Cates 1976, Hagerman and Butler 1991, Appel 1993) or as toxins (Bernays et al. 1989, Appel 1993). In marine systems, they were thought to function as a chemical defense against herbivores primarily in temperate and polar areas. However, studies on their efficacy in this role have produced widely conflicting results (Steinberg and Paul 1990, Van Alstyne and Paul 1990), defying our ability to predict their effects accurately. Focusing on phlorotannin chemical characteristics alone is not sufficient to explain their activity over a broad geographical range. In particular, it appears that: 1. polyphenolics act with more specificity of activity than initially suggested (see Zucker 1983, Hagerman and Butler 1991 for reviews, Asquith and Butler 1985, Mole and Waterman 1987, Robbins et al. 1987, Ayres et al. 1997); 2. the reactivity of polyphenolics is affected by the chemical environment of a herbivore’s gut (Martin and Mar-
Characterization of free space optical data center channel

The existing wired intra data center (DC) networks suffer from traffic congestion, low scalability, low flexibility, and increasing power consumption. To solve this problem there is a need to move from wired to wireless intra DC connections. One of the technologies that could provide a solution for the next generation intra DC communication is the use of free space optical (FSO) communication. However, in DC networks there is turbulence that can affect performance of FSO communication. In this letter, we present a DC experiment that we performed to characterize the performance of the FSO intra DC turbulent channel. We found that the pdf of the received signal is lognormally distributed according to the theoretical predictions, and we received values of bit error rate less than 10−16 in all the areas of the DC, which is better than the desired minimum of 10−14 for DC communication. This means that the realization of FSO communication within a turbulence channel DC is possible with good performance. If the turbulence is strong, we can improve the performance by using different mitigation techniques or by using hybrid wired and FSO connections.
The ‘pure apples’: Moral bordering within the Kenyan police

This article analyses various police reform initiatives in Kenya as a form of ‘moral bordering’. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Nairobi between 2017 and 2018, I analyse how police officers differentiate themselves from other police officers along (moral) ideas of reform and how this occurs in two divergent, yet interconnected, directions. The first is a process of bordering in: moral bordering occurs internally within the police and reform efforts aim to break down borders among police officers. The second is a process of bordering out: reform initiatives are designed in the urban centre and are aimed at spatially pushing the border externally, away from Nairobi. My approach to reform as moral bordering shows how borders can simultaneously take on disparate dimensions: with bordering in, borders are primarily social and symbolic, and with bordering out, borders take on a more spatial nature. This duality encapsulates the inherent friction that results from reform initiatives simultaneously moving in distinctive directions and differs from much of the (anthropological) work on the state police that analyses how the police themselves either enact borders or act as borders.
Relations between must clarification and organoleptic attributes of wine varietes

Blowdown musts is important operation performed in winemaking, which can have a major impact on the future quality of the wine. Blowdown of the wine removes components that may carry elements that negatively affect the hygienic and sensory quality of the wine. Fining of musts and wines is carried either by a static method or using different fining preparations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different methods of decanting on the wine quality varieties of Sauvignon. The overall sensory quality was evaluated (100 - points system, and semantic differential) and the aromatic profile (profile method). All sensory evaluations were practiced by skilled sensory panel in controled conditions of Faculty sensory lab. Wine samples were clarified by static manner or with the assistance of the preparation applied to the clarification of wine in two different doses. By the results and their visualization of flavour and smell profile by spider plots we could conclude that pure cultures have positive effect on processed wine. Based on the results we found a beneficial effect of clearing by the clarification of the preparation based on cellulose, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, gelatin and mineral adsorbents at 100 g. 100 L -1 of the sensory quality of the wine.
Internal Reference Gene Selection for Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Normalization in Potato Tissues

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is widely used for investigating gene expression patterns and has many advantages, including its high sensitivity, fidelity, and specificity. Selecting a satisfactory internal reference gene is crucial for obtaining precise gene expression results in qRT-PCR analyses. In this study, the transcriptomic data of 2 potato varieties were screened for housekeeping genes with stable expression patterns. A total of 77 putative genes were selected, which were highly and stably expressed. Then, qRT-PCR analyses were performed to examine the expression levels of these 77 candidate reference genes in various potato tissues, including leaves, flowers, stolons, and tubers. Gene expression was represented by analyzing the Ct values at given threshold. Through geNorm and NormFinder program analyses, 10 candidate genes with the most stable expression patterns were obtained, including RPL19, RPS15, RPS9, EF1α, TrxP1, RPS8, NTF, CAM, AACM, and RPS28. Moreover, through the comprehensive analyses of 4 statistical algorithms (i.e., geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder), results indicated that the most appropriate internal reference genes were RPL19 and EF1α. The obtained stable reference genes will contribute to future qRT-PCR analyses on potato tissue-related gene expression.
Prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus with saliva- A pilot study

Aim: To validate the usage salivary glucose levels to monitor type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included in the study. The fasting whole saliva and serum was collected and were analyzed for glucose by using autoanalyzer. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: A Significant correlation was obtained between salivary and serum glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients and in control group. Conclusion: Salivary glucose levels can serve as a marker in diagnosing and monitoring type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Salivary glucose, Serum glucose.
Reasons for Permanent Tooth Extraction in the West of Kabul

Background: There has been no study in Kabul on reasons for permanent tooth extraction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and reasons for tooth loss in a sample from two dental clinics in the west of Kabul. Methods: During a 6-month period (April-September 2019), the reasons for every extraction of a permanent tooth were recorded. Different reasons for tooth extraction were assigned, such as, dental caries, periodontal disease, eruption problems, trauma, orthodontics and others. The data requested for each extraction were: patient age, gender, previous treatment, educational level, type of tooth removed and the reason for its extraction. Results: young people aged between 20 - 29 years old had the highest percentage of extraction. Periodontal disease (39%) followed by caries (20%) was the most common reason for tooth extraction. Maxillary and mandibular first molars were removed most frequently (31%). 29% of patients have treated their teeth before extraction and RCT (Root Canal Treatment) (19%) is the most common previous treatment. Tooth loss has an opposite relationship with education level. People with high education level, loose their tooth less (14%). Conclusion: periodontal disease was the most common reason for tooth loss in Kabul, Afghanistan and a high percentage of tooth loss is seen among young people. Educating and preventive programs need to be implemented in order to reduce tooth loss.
Pengaruh inflasi dan laju pertumbuhan penduduk terhadap kemiskinan di Sumatera Bagian Selatan tahun 2011-2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inflasi dan laju pertumbuhan penduduk terhadap kemiskinan di Sumatera bagian Selatan (Sumbagsel) tahun 2011-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data panel ibu kota provinsi di Sumbagsel yang terdiri dari Palembang, Pangkalpinang, Bandar Lampung, Bengkulu, dan Jambi tahun 2011-2018. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi data panel dengan model Random Effect. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel inflasi dan laju pertumbuhan penduduk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemiskinan. Secara parsial variabel inflasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemiskinan sedangkan variabel laju pertumbuhan penduduk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemiskinan. This research aimed to find out the effect of inflation and population growth rate on the poverty in Southern Sumatera in 2011-2018. This research used the quantitative approach. The data used is panel data of the capital of province in Southern Sumatera which consists of Palembang, Pangkalpinang, Bandar Lampung, Bengkulu, dan Jambi in 2011-2018. The data analysis technique was the panel data regression analysis using random effect model. The result of the research showed that simultaneously the variable of inflation and population growth rate have a significant effect on the poverty. Partially the variable of inflation have no significant effect on the poverty while the variable of population growth rate has a significant effect on the poverty.
The ecology of temporary streams I. The faunas of two Canadian streams

This, the first of two papers on the ecology of temporary streams, describes, in detail, the faunas of two such habitats in southeastern Canada. The adaptive mechanisms for coping with the summer drought are documented for a variety of species and faunal succession is shown to occur from the stream stage (fall-winter) through the pool stage (spring) to the terrestrial (summer).