Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and metabolism of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fed with copepods (Eucyclops sp.) exposed to lead and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

The increasing uses of lead (Pb2+) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) in commercial products have led totheir increased discharge into aquatic environments. This study investigated the effects of the interaction betweennTiO2 and lead (Pb2+) in a simple freshwater food web model consisting of zooplankton (Eucyclops sp.) and theAfrican catfish Clarias gariepinus. The growth performance and nutrient composition of Clarias gariepinus fedwith contaminated zooplankton alone and combined mixtures of nTiO2 (0.20 μM) and Pb2+ (0.01 and 0.04 μM),respectively, were evaluated after a chronic (28 days) semi-static laboratory bioassay. Our results demonstrateda decrease in the bioaccumulation of Pb2+ in fish exposed to the binary mixtures. The interaction of the mixturescaused significant (p < 0.05) retardation of growth of the fish through decreases of specific growth rate andallometric growth. Furthermore, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease of nutrient composition in fish tissues (muscles)was elicited in protein (20.66 to 16.73%), ash (5.96 to 5.69 %), moisture (16.2 to 14.8 %) and total lipid (10.04 to6.62%). The findings of this study suggest that feeding fish with copepods contaminated with Pb2+ and nTiO2mixtures could negatively affect the growth and nutrient composition (protein, ash, moisture and total lipid) offreshwater fish species, such as C. gariepinus.
Male competition over access to females in a spider with last-male sperm precedence

Agonistic behaviour between male cellar spiders (Pholcus phalangioides) was investigated to test whether (1) size difference determines which male achieves access to the female, (2) males are able to monopolize access to the female until egg laying and whether (3) female resource value increases before egg laying because of last-male sperm precedence. We further investigated whether (4) there is variation in time and energy spent on courtship and copulation depending on the degree of sperm competition, i.e. with or without rival present. In three experimental settings we introduced two males of either different or similar sizes, or a single male to a female. The mating units were constantly video-observed until the females produced their first egg sac. Experience, ownership and female resource value in terms of body size was controlled. Our results show that larger males achieve almost exclusive access to females. Size symmetrical settings resulted in increased fighting activity and duration but dominance did not influence mating success. If copulations were disturbed by the rival male, copulations were terminated earlier in symmetrical settings compared with asymmetrical settings. In 94.8% of trials only one copulation took place, suggesting that the copulating male successfully monopolized access to the female. Males confronted with a rival copulated longer but courted significantly shorter than lone males. Although the last male to copulate sires 88% of the offspring in P. phalangioides, neither fighting nor courtship activity increased before the female laid a batch of eggs. This suggests that males have no indication of the timing of oviposition.
Sediment-related water quality of small hill-country streams near Whatawhata, New Zealand. Response to integrated catchment management (ICM)

ABSTRACT Degradation of aquatic ecosystems by fine sediment is a global environmental problem, and damages reflect particle properties as well as mass concentration. We studied sediment-related water quality (SRWQ) of small streams in hill-country near Whatawhata, NZ, that have been monitored since 1995. In 2001, an integrated catchment management (ICM) plan was implemented in the Mangaotama (originally sheep-beef) catchment – including conversion of steep headwaters to pine plantation, cattle exclusion, and native riparian plantings. The long-term SRWQ within the Mangaotama catchment was examined with reference to a nearby native-forested control catchment. Correlations between visual clarity, suspended particulate matter concentration and related variables were moderate to fairly strong. The ICM has not improved SRWQ as expected – plausibly because removal of cattle disturbance has been offset by decline in pasture ground cover under increasing shade of tree plantings. Worsening SRWQ is expected over the next several decades as channels widen towards a ‘forest’ morphology.
Airborne pollen concentration in Ankara, Turkey 1990–1993

Abstract Atmospheric pollen was collected with a Burkard spore trap in Ankara, Turkey, from January 1990 to January 1993. A total of 135.787 grains/m3 belonging to 47 taxa were observed. The local pollen season started in February in 1990 and 1991 and in March in 1992. Relatively low pollen concentrations were recorded in 1990 and 1992, probably because of precipitation and low wind speed in the spring. A relatively high pollen concentration was recorded in 1991 which could be caused by higher wind speed in the spring and more precipitation during the winter. Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Pinaceae, Gramineae, Betula, Moraceae, Platanus, Populus, Acer, Quercus, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Plantago, Rumex are found to be the dominant pollen types in the atmosphere in Ankara. The pollen composition generally reflects the vegetation of gardens, parks and roadsides, while the natural steppe vegetation of the area around Ankara is not properly represented.
Rational humanization of the powerful antithrombotic anti-GPIbα antibody: 6B4

Summary Fab-fragments of the monoclonal antibody 6B4, raised against human glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), have a powerful antithrombotic effect in baboons by blocking the GPIbα binding site for von Willebrand factor (VWF), without significant prolongation of the skin bleeding time. In order to bring this antibody to the clinic,we here humanized for the first time an anti-human GPIbα by variable-domain resurfacing guided by computer modeling. First, the genes coding for the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of 6B4 were cloned and sequenced. Based on this,a three-dimensional structure of the Fv-fragment was constructed by using homology-based modeling, and with this and comparison with antibodies with known structure,”murine” putative immunogenic residues which are exposed, were changed for “human-like” residues. The humanized Fab-fragment, h6B4-Fab, was constructed in the pKaneo vector system, expressed and purified and showed in vitro an unaltered, even slightly higher binding affinity for its antigen than the murine form as determined by different ELISA set-ups and surface plasmon resonance. Finally, injection of doses of 0.1 to 1.5 mg/kg of h6B4-Fab in baboons showed that both pharmacokinetics and ex-vivo bio-activity of the molecule were to a large extent preserved.In conclusion, the method used here to humanize 6B4 by resurfacing resulted in a fully active derivative, which is now ready for further development.
Description of Psychological Well-Being of Working Student in Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur

Individuals who work then continue their education in college not only workers who go to college to get a high position in the company but among them, some student work to finance their education. For some students, adjusting to campus life can cause unpleasant feelings. This situation can have an impact on individual assessment of psychological well-being. This study aims to look at the description of psychological well-being in working students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur. The research method used in this study is a quantitative approach. The data collection uses an adapted Ryff's Scale of Psychological Well Being measurement tool. Participants involved in this research were 200 students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur who attended lectures while working. The results of this study indicate that the majority of respondents (51%) have low psychological well-being scores. Difficulties faced by students who work often make these students easily stressed, causing a decrease in academic achievement due to difficulty dividing time between lectures and work, lack of rest time, and having limited time to engage in campus activities.
Varietal and year variation of rutin content in common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Five varieties of common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) were tested in field experiments for three years. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the variety and environmental conditions on rutin distribution in the plant. The rutin content was determined by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in stems, leaves and flowers at flowering stage and in achenes at maturity. The selected varieties differed statistical significantly in the rutin content in leaves, stems and achenes. Krupinka was the variety with the highest rutin content in the aboveground part of a plant. The tetraploid variety did not contained higher rutin level than diploid varieties. Krupinka had the highest rutin content in leaves contrary to the other varieties, which had the highest rutin content in flowers. Weather conditions influenced the rutin content in flowers, stems and achenes. The plant part with the highest rutin content can be different in diverse years.
Benthic invertebrate fauna of an aseasonal tropical mountain stream on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea

The benthic invertebrate fauna of Konaiano Creek, a small aseasonal mountain rainforest stream on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea, was studied over a period of 22 months. Konaiano Creek supported a diverse, mostly undescribed, fauna dominated by two closely related species of Simuliidae (55% of the total specimens collected) and two species of Hydropsychidae. Over 182 taxa were recorded, more than half of which were Diptera. Species richness in Konaiano Creek was quite high in comparison with that of similar streams in both tropical and temperate regions. There were 31 species of Trichoptera, but there were no Plecoptera, Mollusca, Psephenidae, or Megaloptera. Although many groups of marine origin such as Gastropoda, Atyidae, Palaemonidae and fish inhabited nearby coastal rivers, these animals were apparently unable to colonize high mountain streams because of the torrential, barren nature of the mid-mountain streams that sharply divide the headwater streams from the lowland rivers on Bougainville Island.
Vascularization in the brains of reptiles. II. The cerebral capillary bed in Sphenodon punctatum

'l'he uiiicyue position of Spheiiodon as the. sole living rep1-eseritative of a 1vhoIe order of reptiles, the Kliyrichoceplialia, a i ic l p1-obalily tlic most primitive living reprewitative of tlie class, has niade it an object of peculiay interest to zoologists, atid thc supposed position of the ~liyiichoceplialia rather close to tlic maiii stem of reptilian descent or, at least, t o the line leacliiig l o crocodiles, dinosaurs, and birds (Williston, '25) aewiituates its importance to st i~ieii ts of phylogeny, Tlic slightljdifferent view wliicli j~laces tlie B11~~lchOce~)hwl~iA closer to the stem ol' the Squamnta (Rorucr-, ' 3 3 ) c l w h iiot lessen their importance, p,articnlni.ly in connection with the problem with whicli the present communication deals, since i r i tlic Syuamata two tiiffercnt types of capillary bed occur. Siiicc the discovery by Schobl (1878) that there exist in reptiles two radically different types of cerelwal capillary hecl, one reticular and tlir otlier cwmposed of indcpenclcnl, ~ioiiaiiasiomosirig capillary loops, the relatiomhip between these two t y p s has iwnaiiiccl obscurc aiicl attempts to iwwnsti.uct the phylogciietic liistorjof this meclianism liave been m m plicatecl rather tliaii simplified by iiicr*easiiig k11ou7leclge of tlie occui'rence of tlie loop urrangemcnl iii n r i o u s vertehl.ate classes (Sterzi, '04 ; TTislocki a r i d Caml)bell, '37 ; ("raipie, '38 a , '38 c, '40 11). So far as is known, turtlcs, ci+ocotlilia, aiid snakes all have coiitiiinoiis spongy capillary reticula ill the ceiitral ~iervous system as in other tissues, but the majority of lizartls has-c the organs of this system supplied wit11 blood
Ai vs. Humans: the Impact of Different Conversation Agents on Privacy perception and Privacy Disclosure

Developed by the artificial intelligence (AI) technology, AI conversation agents have been applied in more and more services in e-commerce contexts. Consumers presently interact with AI conversation agents and human agents for pre-purchase consulting service, which might influence their perceptions and attitudes toward privacy. Drawing upon communication privacy management theory, this study investigates how different conversation agents take effects on consumers’ perception of privacy concern and perceived benefits (informational support and emotional support), which in turn, influence consumers’ intention to disclose in e-commerce contexts. The expected scenario-based online survey will help to collect the data and analyze the research hypotheses. This study advances current theoretical knowledge in AI conversation agents and related privacy issues in e-commerce contexts. Also, we conclude the potential implications in practice.
Phylogenetic analysis of 1.5 Mbp and platypus EST data refute the Marsupionta hypothesis and unequivocally support Monotremata as sister group to Marsupialia/Placentalia

The extant mammalian groups Monotremata, Marsupialia and Placentalia are, according to the ‘Theria’ hypothesis, traditionally classified into two subclasses. The subclass Prototheria includes the monotremes and subclass Theria marsupials and placental mammals. Based on some morphological and molecular data, an alternative proposition, the Marsupionta hypothesis, favours a sister group relationship between monotremes and marsupials to the exclusion of placental mammals. Phylogenetic analyses of single genes and even multiple gene alignments have not yet been able to conclusively resolve this basal mammalian divergence. We have examined this problem using one data set composed of expressed sequence tags (EST) and another containing 1 510 509 nucleotide (nt) sites from 1358 inferred cDNA genomic sequences. All analyses of the concatenated sequences unambiguously supported the Theria hypothesis. The Marsupionta hypothesis was rejected with high statistical confidence from both data sets. In spite of the strong support for Theria, a non‐negligible number of single genes supported either of the two alternative hypotheses. The divergence between monotremes and therian mammals was estimated to have taken place 168–178 Mya, a dating compatible with the fossil record. Considering the long common evolutionary branch of therians, it is surprising that sequence data from many thousand amino acid sites were needed to conclusively resolve their relationship to monotremes. This finding draws attention to other mammalian divergences that have been taken as unequivocally settled based on much smaller alignments. EST data provide a comprehensive random sample of protein coding sequences and an economic way to produce large amounts of data for phylogenetic analysis of species for which genomic sequences are not yet available.
Variable structure control for mismatched uncertain systems using output variables with finite-time convergence

ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel variable structure control (VSC) approach is investigated for a class of mismatched uncertain systems. The VSC approach, which includes output variables only, shows finite-time convergence of the sliding mode, complete invariance to the matched uncertainties, the asymptotic stability property, and is free of the chattering phenomenon. A suitable reduced-order observer (ROO) is constructed to estimate the unmeasured variables. Additionally, a novel finite-time sliding-mode controller (FTSMC), based on the constructed ROO and the output variables, is proposed to stabilize a class of mismatched uncertain systems. To ensure finite-time stability and chattering removal, a discontinuous FTSMC is replaced by a continuous FTSMC utilizing a tanh function. Moreover, a new linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition is derived so that the system in the sliding mode is not only completely invariant to matched uncertainties but also asymptotically stable. Finally, a numerical example is presented, which demonstrates the effectiveness and advantages of this method.
Digital Educational Environment in University: Who is More Comfortable Studying in It?

Представлены результаты сравнительного эмпирического исследования мнений студентов, завершивших обучение в электронных курсах по математическим методам в психолого-педагогических исследованиях в смешанном формате по модели «перевернутый класс» . Выявлялись возможные трудности обучения, оценивались вовлеченность, самостоятельность изучения курса и прохождения отчетности, практическая польза курса и отношение к такому формату у студентов программ магистратуры и второго высшего образования в сравнении со студентами программ первого высшего образования . Методом логистического регрессионного анализа определялись мнения-предикторы, характерные для каждой их этих категорий . Установлено, что различия не носят принципиального характера, что опровергает сложившиеся стереотипы . У подавляющего большинства студентов обеих категорий существенных трудностей в изучении курса в смешанном формате выявлено не было, тесты оказались полезны для лучшего усвоения материала, курс позволил им отслеживать свою индивидуальную траекторию, а личных контактов с преподавателем было достаточно . Магистранты и студенты второго высшего образования почти единодушно не согласны, что электронный курс снижает качество образования, но согласны, что использование онлайн-курсов — это потребность времени, и чуть реже согласны, что давно пора их вводить . Почти все студенты обеих групп считают, что онлайн-обучение решает проблемы работающих студентов, и утверждают, что им понравился данный курс, различия состоят лишь в модальностях ответов . Студенты магистратуры и второго высшего, в отличие от студентов первого высшего образования, чаще склонны утверждать, что в электронном курсе на семинарах они работали гораздо интенсивнее, чем при классическом обучении, и сразу включились в работу над курсом, а также реже соглашаются заменить очные занятия на вебинары . Они несколько реже подтверждают, что на семинарах помогали однокурсникам, но различия лишь в модальностях ответов и очень малых процентных расхождениях . Курс оценивается как практически полезный . Проблема нечестных стратегий требует дальнейшего исследования . Общий объем выборки N=344 студента психологических факультетов Московского государственного психолого-педагогического университета .
Shark movement strategies influence poaching risk and can guide enforcement decisions in a large, remote marine protected area

1Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK; 2Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; 3Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA; 4School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA; 5Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA and 6The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
PEDAGOGÍA CRÍTICA PARA LA CONCIENCIACIÓN EN TORNO A LA DISCRIMINACIÓN DE GÉNERO Y LA EMANCIPACIÓN DE LAS CHICAS EN EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA

Este estudio pone encima de la mesa las posibilidades y limitaciones de la pedagogia critica como herramienta de concienciacion del alumnado de Educacion Fisica en torno a las desigualdades de genero. La innovacion educativa constaba de 8 sesiones en las que se trabajaba el futbol a traves del aprendizaje cooperativo y los pretextos criticos encaminados a la reflexion. La investigacion tomo un cariz etnografico. Los resultados constataron cambios muy significativos en los chicos y sobre todo en las chicas, en aspectos actitudinales y relacionales. La mayoria de ellas pasaron del conformismo inicial a explicitar sus quejas y tomar las riendas de los grupos cooperativos. Esto nos hace albergar esperanzas sobre el potencial emancipador de la propuesta.
Assessment of genetic diversity in cassumunar ginger (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) in Thailand using AFLP markers.

The genetic relationship among cassumunar gingers (Zingiber cassumunar) in Thailand was assessed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Twelve AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 309 fragments, of which, 242 bands were polymorphic with an average of 20.2 bands per primer pair. Genetic similarities were obtained using Jaccard similarity coefficients, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the UPGMA clustering method. Pairwise similarity estimated between cassumunar gingers ranged from 0.7644 to 1.00 with an average of 0.879. Cluster analysis divided the samples into five groups with a high co-phenetic correlation value (r = 0.99). Genetic variability within and among collection regions was estimated by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). High molecular variance (84%) was found within samples from the same region. The results implied dispersal of plant materials between collection regions. The genetic similarity assessed by AFLP showed that there are duplicate accessions in the germplasm collection. This genetic information is very useful for germplasm maintenance and a crop improvement program.
Characteristics of Dry Matter Production Process in High Yielding Rice Varieties : I. Canopy structure and light intercepting characteristics

In order to clarify the eco-physiological characteristics of high yielding rice vaieties, yields, their components and the process of dry matter production were compared between the cultivar Milyang 23, Japonica × Indica hybrid high yielding variety, and the cultivar Nipponbare, a japanese standard variety, for five years from 1983 to 1987. The maximum yield of Milyang 23 in 1984 was 754 g/m2, 32% higher than that of Nipponbare owing to higher dry matter production and more spikelets number per unit area. The process of dry matter production was examined by growth analysis method. Crop growth rates of Milyang 23 were higher after heading stage, especially at the early ripening stage, as compared with those of Nipponbare. It was not owing to larger mean leaf area index, but owing to higher net assimilation rate. Light extinction coefficient was lower in Milyang 23 at the early ripening stage owing to more erect foliage and smaller mutual shading effect of ears on the leaf canopy as compared with that of Nipponbare. To verify a role of smaller light extinction coefficient for increase in dry matter production in Milyang 23, thinning treatment (the planting density was reduced to half of the control) was done at three growth stages. Net assimilation rates increased by thinning treatment. The degree of increase in net assimilation rates by thinning treatment differed in the two varieties; that is, larger in Nipponbare with larger light extinction coefficient than that of Milyang 23 with smaller coefficient, especially at early ripening stage. These results indicate that the difference in net assimilation rates between the two varieties was mainly due to the difference in light intercepting characteristics. In order to clarify the difference of net assimilation rate between both varieties, further studies must be made on the characteristics relating to leaf photosynthesis which is thought to be one of the factors to maintain higher net assimilation rate in rice canopy.