Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Results after Release of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Surgery for Neglected Congenital Muscular Torticollis—Unipolar vs. Bipolar Release Surgery

Background: Although the surgical release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) is required for residual congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), the surgical outcomes between bipolar and unipolar SCM release remained unclear. The purpose of the present study was to assess surgical outcomes after bipolar and unipolar release of SCM in adolescent/adult patients with neglected CMT. Methods: Twenty-one consecutive adolescent/adult patients with neglected CMT who underwent surgical treatment were enrolled. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated at preoperative and final follow-up. Results: The bipolar release of SCM was performed in 3 patients (B group; males, n = 1, females, n = 2) and the unipolar release of SCM in 18 patients (U group; males, n = 6, females, n = 12). The mean age at surgery was 40.0 ± 17.0 years in Group B, and that was 32.3 ± 13.1 years in Group U (p = 0.47). The mean follow-up period was 16.0 ± 5.7 months in Group B and 10.4 ± 7.6 months in Group U (p = 0.22). Cervicomandibular angle correction rates were comparable at 75.4 ± 2.4% for the B group and 73.1 ± 11.7% for the U group (p = 0.62). There was no significant difference in clinical outcome according to the modified Cheng and Tang score between the two groups (p = 0.89). No major complications arose, although one patient exhibited a transient neurological deficit of the greater auricular nerve, and one patient developed a hematoma in the B group. Conclusions: The unipolar SCM release appeared to be a non-inferiority and less invasive procedure, minimizing surgical scars and avoiding potential auricular nerve damage in adolescent/adult patients with neglected CMT.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIC DENGAN MODELPEMBELAJARAN GROUP INVESTIGASION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI SMPN 1 BAITUSSALAM

ABSTRAK Kata Kunci: saintific , group investigasion, hasil belajar. Penelitian yang berjudul “Pengaruh Pendekatan Saintific Dengan Model Pembelajaran Group Investigasion Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Baitussalam Aceh Besar” . Mengangkat masalah Apakah pendekatan saintific dengan model pembelajaran group investigasion berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Baitussalam Aceh Besar. Tujuan penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh pendekatan saintific dengan model pembelajaran group investigasion berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Baitussalam Aceh Besar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas VIIc dan kelas VIIb Di SMP Negeri 1 Baitussalam Aceh Besar. Penentuan sampel ditentukan secara undian. Penelitian ini merupakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes dalam bentuk pilihan ganda. pengolahan data menggunakan rumus statistik uji t. Berdasarkan hasil yang di uji melalui uji statistik diperoleh nilai t hitung = 4,43 sedangkan t tabel = 1,72 pada taraf signifikan 0,05 atau dapat diketahui t hitung > t tabel , maka dapat disimpulkan hipotesis H a diterima yaitu menyatakan bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas ekperimen lebih baik dari hasil belajar kelas kontrol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pendekatan saintific dengan model pembelajaran group investigasion terhadap hasil belajar siswa.
Susceptibility of periodontal pathogens to a novel target-specific drug delivery system containing self-nanoemulsifying curcumin: An in vitro study

Background. Long-term use of many classic chemotherapeutic agents as adjuncts in the management of periodontitis has adverse complications, leading to seeking out naturopathic remedies. Although curcumin has been investigated in managing periodontitis, its therapeutic benefits have not been fully explored due to its limited solubility in an aqueous medium. This study aimed to develop a novel target-specific drug delivery system containing 1% self-nanoemulsifying curcumin (SNEC) in a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrix and evaluate the susceptibility of periodontal pathogens to this system in vitro. Methods. Its antibacterial activity against Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was evaluated and compared to pure nano-curcumin and SNEC alone by estimating their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Results. The antibacterial activity of pure nano-curcumin, SNEC, and SNEC in HPMC against the four periodontal pathogens evaluated in terms of MIC was recorded in the range of 0.2‒0.4, 0.4‒0.8, and 0.2‒0.8 µg/mL, respectively. However, the MIC of all three curcumin formulations against the periodontal pathogens tested was higher than that of the standard moxifloxacin. While both pure nano-curcumin and SNEC showed increasing values of inhibition zones with increasing concentrations on disk diffusion assay, lower concentrations of SNEC in HPMC did not show a zone of inhibition against the tested pathogens. Conclusion. The novel delivery system containing SNEC in HPMC may be a potential adjunct in managing periodontitis due to its probable sustained antimicrobial activity against the tested periodontal pathogens.
Testing utility of Landsat 8 for remote assessment of water quality in two subtropical African reservoirs with contrasting trophic states

Abstract Water quality problems continue on a global scale and this creates the need for regular monitoring using cheaper technologies to inform management. The objective of this study was to test for significant relationships between the field-measured and Landsat 8 OLI sensor-retrieved water quality parameters. The study was carried out in two reservoirs with contrasting trophic states in Zimbabwe. Results show that the Blue/Red ratio had strong predictive relationships with Secchi disc transparency (R2 > 0.70) and turbidity (R2 ≥ 0.65). The Near-infrared/Red ratio was a strong predictor of chlorophyll-a in Mazvikadei (R2 > 0.84) whereas in Lake Chivero, which is more polluted, the red band was the most useful predictor (R2 = 0.69). Overall, our work demonstrates the utility of using Landsat 8 band ratios for remote assessment of water quality in African reservoirs as a value-addition to the traditional field-based methods, which are expensive resulting in data scarcity.
Exploring Prognostic Immune Microenvironment-Related Genes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma from the TCGA Database

Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a high rate of local and distant metastases. In tumor tissues, the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to cancer development and prognosis. Therefore, screening for TME-related genes in HNSCC is crucial for understanding metastatic patterns. Methods: Our research relied mainly on a novel algorithm called Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE). Fragments Per Kilobase of exon model per Million mapped fragments (FPKM) data and HNSCC clinical data were obtained from the TCGA database, and the purity of HNSCC tissue and the features of stromal and immune cell infiltration were determined. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened based on immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores, and their protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and ClueGO functions were evaluated. Finally, the expression profiles of DEGs related to immunity in HNSCC were determined. Differential gene expression was verified in the highly invasive oral cancer cell lines (SCC-25, CAL-27, and FaDu) and oral cancer tissues. Results: Our analysis found that both the immune and ESTIMATE scores were significantly associated with the prognosis of HNSCC. Moreover, cross-validation using the Venn algorithm revealed that 433 genes were significantly upregulated, and 394 genes were significantly downregulated. All DEGs were associated with both ESTIMATE and immune scores. The enrichment of cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and chemokine signaling pathways was observed using pathway enrichment analyses. We initially screened 25 genes after analyzing the key sub-networks of the PPI network. Survival analysis revealed the significance of CCR4, CXCR3, P2RY14, CCR2, CCR8, and CCL19 in relation to survival and their association with immune infiltration-related metastasis in HNSCC. Conclusions: The expression profiles of relevant TME-related genes were screened following stromal and immune cell scoring using ESTIMATE, and DEGs associated with survival were identified. These TME-related gene markers offer valuable utility as both prognostic indicators and markers denoting metastatic traits in HNSCC.
VRIL: A Tuple Frequency-Based Identity Privacy Protection Framework for Metaverse

The metaverse is a human-centric beyond-reality virtual world, in which people use virtual identities to live, work, and socialize. Due to the openness and sharing of metaverse applications, the virtual-real identity link (VRIL) may cause uncertainties and unpredictable risks. At present, the research on VRIL risks is still in its infancy and VRIL risk predictions lack a comprehensive theoretical system and methodological tool. In this paper, we first construct a VRIL attack model, according to which an attacker can link a user’s real and virtual identities together using the information observed in the real and virtual worlds. Then we propose the tuple frequency-based VRIL prediction (TupPre) model and discover the population distribution, recursive hypergeometric (RH) distribution, and approximate binomial distribution of the tuple frequency (i.e., the occurrence times of attribute value combinations) given incomplete information. Focusing on the tuple frequency estimation error in biased samples, we introduce attribute value correlation knowledge to improve the prediction performance. The experimental results on generated and real-world datasets show that the TupPre model has excellent performance, with a mean area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.86 to 0.98 on these datasets, and it performs even more superior with certain background knowledge (mean AUC 0.95~0.98). The discovered basic distribution rules of the tuple frequency and the proposed quantitative analysis method for metaverse VRIL risk predictions construct the foundation of the identity privacy framework for the metaverse.
First Record of Alien Species Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester 1880 in a Stream of Sardinia (Italy)

In recent decades, the number of invasive alien species introduced outside of their natural distribution range has increased. These species can rapidly spread from the place of introduction, acting as agents of change, threatening ecosystems, habitats, and indigenous species. Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 has invaded freshwater systems all over the world. This article reports the first occurrence of this freshwater jellyfish in a stream on the island of Sardinia, Italy. There is no previous data useful to understand the development of this species in the river systems of the island where streams are usually seasonal, with a strong water reduction, and native animal species are concentrated in a few pools during critical seasons. In our study, we carried out an observation of the phenomenon in order to provide preliminary information about this new population, its characteristics, and environmental features. Endangered and extremely rare endemic species, such as Discoglossus sardus and Euproctus platycephalus, live in Sardinian streams, so this is one more reason to focus on the biological invasion processes of this organism in order to understand its role in this ecosystem’s ecological functioning.
The Application of Ultrasound Guidance in Electrodiagnostic Studies – A Narrative Review

Electrodiagnostic studies, including nerve conduction study and electromyography, were conducted based on surface anatomy in a conventional manner. However, the anatomical variations and difficulty in the identification of target nerves or muscles render the accuracy of electrodiagnostic studies questionable. In recent years, high-resolution ultrasound (US) has been used to scan both the peripheral nerves and musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, an increasing number of clinicians have incorporated US into electrodiagnostic studies to achieve accurate sampling and prevent potential unwanted tissue injuries. In this review article, we present summarized information about the utility of US in assisting electrodiagnostic studies.
How Different ECMWF Atmospheric Models Impact the Estimation of Sea-Level Trends

In the context of satellite altimetry, numerical weather models (NWMs) are relevant sources to derive the wet path delay (WPD) caused by the water vapor and cloud liquid water content in the atmosphere. Over regions where WPD based on observations are not available, these may be the only source of information. This article presents an assessment of the state-of-the-art NWMs from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the operational model (ECMWF OP), and the latest reanalysis (ERA5), for estimating the WPD of satellite altimeter observations, with focus on the direct impact of using different models on the estimation of altimeter-derived sea-level trends. Results show that, due to regular model updates, ECMWF OP possesses significant discontinuities that induce errors in sea-level trend which, in some regions, can exceed 1 mm yr−1 in absolute value, over periods of 7–8 years. The major impacts occur over the periods when Jason-2 and Jason-3 are in the reference orbit (phase A). Since this is the only model adopted in most altimeter products, it is strongly recommended that the most recent reanalysis model (currently ERA5) is included. Overall, ERA5 is the best compromise between model accuracy and stability, for sea/water-level studies and generally all climate applications, over regions where WPD based on observations is not available, such as some coastal and inland water regions.
Continent‐wide parallel urban evolution of increased heat tolerance in a common moth

Abstract Urbanization and its urban‐heat‐island effect (UHI) have expanding footprints worldwide. The UHI means that urban habitats experience a higher mean and more frequent extreme high temperatures than rural habitats, impacting the ontogeny and resilience of urban biodiversity. However, many organisms occupy different microhabitats during different life stages and thus may experience the UHI differently across their development. While evolutionary changes in heat tolerance in line with the UHI have been demonstrated, it is unknown whether such evolutionary responses can vary across development. Here, using common‐garden‐reared Chiasmia clathrata moths from urban and rural populations from three European countries, we tested for urban evolution of heat shock tolerance in two life stages: larvae and adults. Our results indicate widespread urban evolution of increased heat tolerance in the adult stage only, suggesting that the UHI may be a stronger selective agent in adults. We also found that the difference in heat tolerance between urban and rural populations was similar to the difference between Mid‐ and North‐European regions, suggesting similarity between adaptation to the UHI and natural, latitudinal temperature variation. Our observations incentivize further research to quantify the impact of these UHI adaptations on fitness during urbanization and climate change, and to check whether life‐stage‐specific adaptations in heat tolerance are typical of other ectothermic species that manage to survive in urbanized settings.
Canola (Brassica rapa) Plant Density Influences Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) Interference, Biomass, and Seed Yield

Field experiments were conducted at Vegreville, Alberta, in 1990, 1991, and 1992 to investigate the influence of canola plant density and row spacing (1991 and 1992 only) on interference from Tartary buckwheat. Nonlinear regression equations incorporating both canola and Tartary buckwheat density provided good descriptions of the data. Parameter estimates for both weed and crop density were significant (P < 0.05) but did not differ between row spacings. Where no Tartary buckwheat plants were present, canola yield was little affected by canola plant density. At a given Tartary buckwheat density, canola seed yield increased as canola plant density increased, while Tartary buckwheat shoot weight and seed yield decreased. None of the factors significantly affected canola 1000-seed weight, or oil or protein levels in the canola seed. The results suggest that seeding canola to achieve a density of approximately 200 plants m–2 will significantly reduce the impact of weeds on canola yield, as well as reduce weed biomass and seed yield.
Contralateral eye comparison of the efficacy and safety of two artificial tear formulations for corneal subbasal nerve fiber regeneration after photorefractive keratectomy

Background: Currently, artificial tears (ATs) are the first-line agents for managing dry eye disease (DED). This study compared the efficacy and safety of two different AT formulations, Systane® Hydration (SH) and Systane® Ultra (SU), on symptoms of DED and regeneration of the subbasal corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) in photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)-treated eyes. Methods: This prospective contralateral comparative study recruited myopic eyes scheduled for PRK, and either SH or SU were administered for up to 3 months postoperatively. All participants underwent a standard comprehensive preoperative ophthalmological examination, in vivo confocal microscopy to evaluate the subbasal CNFL, and completed Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire for assessing dry eye symptoms. Image analysis software was used to calculate the subbasal CNFL (micrometer/mm2). Assessments were repeated at the 1- and 3-month follow-up visits. Pre- and postoperative subbasal CNFL and OSDI scores were compared to determine inter- and intra-group differences. Results: Fifty eyes of 25 participants were included in this study. The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants was 22.7 (3.8) years. The OSDI scores for both groups increased significantly at 1 month (both P<0.05), followed by a decrease at 3 months to values comparable to the preoperative scores (both P>0.05). Although OSDI scores were comparable at baseline and at the 1-month postoperative visit (both P>0.05), the SU-treated eyes had a significantly better OSDI score at the 3-month visit (P<0.05), despite being clinically insignificant. Preoperative subbasal CNFL differed significantly between the groups (P=0.001), yet the mean values at both postoperative visits were comparable (both P>0.05). In both groups, subbasal CNFL was significantly reduced at 1 month, followed by a significant increase at the 3-month postoperative visit compared to baseline (all P<0.05). No treatment-related complications were observed at the end of the study period. Conclusions: No significant difference was found between the preoperative and 3-month postoperative OSDI scores in the SH- or SU-treated eyes. Subbasal CNFL regeneration indicated a positive effect of both ATs, with a longer mean CNFL noted in the SH-treated eyes at the final visit. This suggests that SH may be a better option for improving corneal reinnervation after PRK. These observations must be verified in further trials with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes.
An In Vivo Investigation of Non-Metallic vs. Metallic Hand Scalers on Zirconia Implant-Supported Crowns: A Year-Long Analysis of Peri-Implant Maintenance

This study examined whether the degree of abutment surface modification that may occur with regular periodontal instrumentation has a clinical impact in terms of increased plaque accumulation and increased peri-implant tissue inflammation on zirconia implant abutments. Thirteen patients who had zirconia implant crowns were recruited in this randomized clinical trial. Each patient acted as their control and had either the buccal or lingual surface of their screw-retained implant restoration scaled with a metallic scaler and the other surface with a non-metallic scaler at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Cytokine testing of the peri-implant crevicular fluid was completed at 0, 3, and 12 months for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, or IFNγ. Implant crowns were removed at 12 months and evaluated under an atomic force microscope for the average roughness (Ra). The implant crowns were polished and re-inserted. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and post hoc tests were conducted with a significance level of α = 0.05. Significant differences in surface roughness (Ra) were observed between the metallic and non-metallic scalers. The median Ra values were 274.0 nm for metallic scalers and 147.1 nm for non-metallic scalers. However, there were no significant differences between the type of scaler used and the amount of clinical inflammation or cytokine production. Metallic scalers produced deeper, more aggressive surface alterations to the abutment/crown zirconia surface, but there was no statistically significant difference between the degree of surface alterations, amount of BOP, and the amplitude of cytokine inflammation produced.
Should Patients Be Confident in Their Efficacy in Improving Their Functional Abilities After a Stroke?

Background Patients’ self-confidence in their abilities needs to be improved to achieve functional abilities after a stroke. Self-efficacy is a prerequisite for self-management after a stroke. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and the functional abilities of post-stroke patients. Methodology This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted over two months. A total of 145 respondents were recruited using the convenience sampling method. Respondents were post-stroke patients who had undergone the post-stroke phase during the first three to six months since the acute stroke. Data collection was performed through questionnaire interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Spearman correlation. Results There was a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and functional independence (p < 0.05). Conclusions Self-efficacy influences motivation to perform activities of daily living, which can increase the achievement of functional abilities.
Understanding volcanic hazard at the most populated caldera in the world: Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy

Naples and its hinterland in Southern Italy are one of the most urbanized areas in the world under threat from volcanic activity. The region lies within range of three active volcanic centers: Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, and Ischia. The Campi Flegrei caldera, in particular, has been in unrest for six decades. The unrest followed four centuries of quiescence and has heightened concern about an increased potential for eruption. Innovative modeling and scientific drilling are being used to investigate Campi Flegrei, and the results highlight key directions for better understanding the mechanisms of caldera formation and the roles of magma intrusion and geothermal activity in determining the volcano's behavior. They also provide a framework for evaluating and mitigating the risk from this caldera and other large ones worldwide.