Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Gas-to-Gas Counterflow Microchannel Heat Exchanger

Heat transfer characteristics of a gas-to-gas counterflow microchannel heat exchanger have been experimentally investigated. Temperatures and pressures at inlets and outlets of the heat exchanger have been measured to obtain heat transfer rates and pressure drops. The heat transfer and the pressure drop characteristics are discussed. Since the partition wall of the heat exchanger is thick compared with the microchannel dimensions, a simple heat exchange model with constant wall temperature is proposed to predict the heat transfer rate. The predicted heat transfer rate using the constant wall temperature model agrees well with the experimental results.
Adsorption and desorption of oxygen probed from ZnO nanowire films by photocurrent measurements

Sensing mechanisms of ZnO nanowire films are investigated by performing transient photocurrent measurements. The current jumps upon ultraviolet or green laser illumination. The amplitude in the jump is strongly dependent on the ambient atmosphere. The decay rate is much more sensitive to the ambient atmosphere than the rise rate. The fast rise is due to rapid photogenerated carriers and the slow decay is controlled by slow surface process. Our experimental results indicate that the oxygen physisorption rate is slower than the chemisorption rate.
Influence of Aortic Valve Leaflet Material Model on Hemodynamic Features in Healthy and Pathological States

Long-term fiber tissue remodeling and the progressive thickening of the aortic valve leaflets called calcific aortic stenosis lead to cardiac blood outflow obstruction. This disease is the most prevalent heart valve pathology in developed countries. Surgeons can perform aortic valve replacement through traditional open-heart surgery involving a cut (incision) in the chest or use minimally invasive methods such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). These types of surgery have numerous advantages and limitations. Recently, the Ozaki operation for aortic valve replacement using tissue from the autologous pericardium has been proposed. Despite being a promising technique for aortic valve pathology treatment, there is a lack of long-term results and optimal selection of leaflet sizing. Numerical fluid simulations can help surgeons predict operation outcomes for each patient. Nevertheless, the description of the material model for leaflet mechanics leaves an open question. Furthermore, selecting the most suitable model to describe the different conditions of the aortic valve is difficult. We performed a numerical analysis of aortic valve leaflet material models to describe the hemodynamics in normal, pathological, and Ozaki cases. We also reveal wall shear stress, von Mises stress, and displacement distributions. Based on the parameters mentioned above, we found that the Ozaki case model behaved similarly to the mathematical model describing the normal case. Numerical simulations also provide information on the mechanisms of aortic valve work in different states of the heart cycle.
Low-frequency noise in single electron tunneling transistor

The noise in current biased aluminium single electron tunneling (SET) transistors has been investigated in the frequency range of 5 mHz<f<30 Hz. A refined high frequency (HF) shielding including resistive coaxial lines, that prevents spurious electromagnetic radiation and especially high energy photons emitted by the 4.2 K environment from reaching the sample, allows us to study a given background charge configuration for many hours below ≈100 mK. The noise at relatively high frequencies originates from internal (presumably thermal equilibrium) charge fluctuations. For f⩾10 Hz, we find the same input charge noise, typically QN=5×10−4 e/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz, with and without the HF shielding. At lower frequencies, the noise is due to charge trapping, and the voltage noise pattern superimposed on the V(Vg) curve (voltage across transistor versus gate voltage) strongly depends on the background charge configuration resulting from the cooling sequence and eventual radio frequency (rf) irradiation. The measured nois.
Wearable Heart Rate Monitoring Device Communicating in 5G ISM Band for IoHT

Advances in wearable device technology pave the way for wireless health monitoring for medical and non-medical applications. In this work, we present a wearable heart rate monitoring platform communicating in the sub-6GHz 5G ISM band. The proposed device is composed of an Aluminium Nitride (AlN) piezoelectric sensor, a patch antenna, and a custom printed circuit board (PCB) for data acquisition and transmission. The experimental results show that the presented system can acquire heart rate together with diastolic and systolic duration, which are related to heart relaxation and contraction, respectively, from the posterior tibial artery. The overall system dimension is 20 mm by 40 mm, and the total weight is 20 g, making this device suitable for daily utilization. Furthermore, the system allows the simultaneous monitoring of multiple subjects, or a single patient from multiple body locations by using only one reader. The promising results demonstrate that the proposed system is applicable to the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT), and particularly Integrated Clinical Environment (ICE) applications.
The Generalized Multiset Sampler

The multiset sampler, an MCMC algorithm recently proposed by Leman and coauthors, is an easy-to-implement algorithm which is especially well-suited to drawing samples from a multimodal distribution. We generalize the algorithm by redefining the multiset sampler with an explicit link between target distribution and sampling distribution. The generalized formulation replaces the multiset with a K-tuple, which allows us to use the algorithm on unbounded parameter spaces, improves estimation, and sets up further extensions to adaptive MCMC techniques. Theoretical properties of the algorithm are provided and guidance is given on its implementation. Examples, both simulated and real, confirm that the generalized multiset sampler provides a simple, general and effective approach to sampling from multimodal distributions. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Silenced by God – an examination of unique characteristics within sexual abuse by clergy

Sexual abuse by clergy appears to create unique trauma characteristics, where distinctions exist between this and other types of perpetrated sexual abuse. These distinctions are based upon the hypothesis that sexual abuse by clergy is different rather than worse. Such traumatic experiences, as well as clerical perpetrators using ‘God’ as a silencing strategy, has the potential to shatter survivor‘s religious beliefs in a variety of ways, creating significant theological, spiritual and existential conflict. A further uniqueness with sexual abuse by clergy is from a legalistic perspective, as the offence incorporates civil, criminal and canon law. The long-term consequences will be discussed in two ways, firstly in examining the limitations of the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder framework, and secondly the ways in which Church establishments themselves have the potential to re-traumatise survivors. A survivor’s experience will be used to highlight these points, whilst demonstrating a potential reformulation of this traumatic experience.
Existence of Optimal Strategies Based on Specified Information, for a Class of Stochastic Decision Problems

The existence of admissible strategies $\gamma ( \cdot , \cdot )$ minimizing a function $E\int_0^1 {c(t,x,\gamma (t,x))dt} $ is studied, with $x = x( \cdot ,\omega )$ a continuous stochastic process, and admissible strategies defined as those utilizing a specified pattern of information about x, here described by $\sigma $-algebras $G_t $ included in the “past” $\{ {x(s),s \leqq t} \}$. Conclusion: Moment conditions on x, growth conditions on c, and continuity of c in its third variable (the control) ensure that an optimal admissible strategy exists. The method of proof depends on properties of conditional expectations, and on a variant of a general Filippov (or implicit functions) lemma due to McShane and Warfield.
A linear array of avalanche MIS photodetectors

It is reported that a metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structure, operating in the pulsed avalanche regime, can be used as the basis of a multielement high-sensitivity fast-response photodetector array for optoelectronic applications. The principal parameters are reported for a multielement array consisting of 20 structures with internal amplification.
Current knowledge about early childhood caries in the gulf cooperation council with worldwide reflection: Scoping review of the scientific literature (2010–2021)

Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting the primary teeth of children younger than 6 years of age. The disease etiology is complex and includes social, biological, and dietary factors. This review aims to explore the knowledge of ECC prevalence globally and locally within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries during the years 2010–2021. Another aim is to explore oral health promotion programs with more focus on the GCC region. A search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, the Cochrane Collaboration database, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2021 using specific keywords. Studies that utilized both the World Health Organization criteria and International Caries Detection and Assessment System for dental caries assessment were included. The included studies indicated considerable variation in the reported prevalence of ECC. While developed countries show low prevalence, countries in the GCC and other Arab countries show a high prevalence of ECC. Many oral health promotion programs were identified globally including oral health education, nutritional programs, the use of fluoride and pit-and-fissure sealants, and inter-professional population-based oral health promotion and prevention programs such as school-based oral health programs, motivational interviewing, and anticipatory guidance. ECC remains a significant problem in many parts of the world including the GCC region. Oral health prevention programs have been established within the GCC region. Nevertheless, the GCC region has some unique characteristics that need to be investigated to contextualize the western model of the dynamics of ECC prevention and promotion programs locally.
Research on Lane Line Detection Algorithm Based on Instance Segmentation

Aiming at the current lane line detection algorithm in complex traffic scenes, such as lane lines being blocked by shadows, blurred roads, and road sparseness, which lead to low lane line detection accuracy and poor real-time detection speed, this paper proposes a lane line detection algorithm based on instance segmentation. Firstly, the improved lightweight network RepVgg-A0 is used to encode road images, which expands the receptive field of the network; secondly, a multi-size asymmetric shuffling convolution model is proposed for the characteristics of sparse and slender lane lines, which enhances the ability to extract lane line features; an adaptive upsampling model is further proposed as a decoder, which upsamples the feature map to the original resolution for pixel-level classification and detection, and adds the lane line prediction branch to output the confidence of the lane line; and finally, the instance segmentation-based lane line detection algorithm is successfully deployed on the embedded platform Jetson Nano, and half-precision acceleration is performed using NVDIA’s TensorRT framework. The experimental results show that the Acc value of the lane line detection algorithm based on instance segmentation is 96.7%, and the FPS is 77.5 fps/s. The detection speed deployed on the embedded platform Jetson Nano reaches 27 fps/s.
Influence Diagnostics in log-Birnbaum-Saunders Regression Models

In this paper we present various diagnostic methods for a linear regression model under a logarithmic Birnbaum-Saunders distribution for the errors, which may be applied for accelerated life testing or to compare the median lives of several populations. Some influence methods, such as the local influence, total local influence of an individual and generalized leverage are derived, analysed and discussed. We also present a connection between the local influence and generalized leverage methods. A discussion of the computation of the likelihood displacement as well as the normal curvature in the local influence method are presented. Finally, an example with real data is given for illustration.
Dietary supplementation of active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to finishing bulls: effects on growth performance, blood hormones, fatty acid concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract and trace mineral elements utilisation

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance, circulating ghrelin, fatty acid concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract, and trace mineral elements utilisation of finishing bulls. Twenty Yanbian cattle (bulls) [body weight (BW) 485 ± 38 kg] were randomly divided into two groups (control and treatment groups) and participated in a 100-day finishing trial. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (total mixed ration, TMR). The treatment group (active dry yeast, ADY) was fed a basal diet supplemented with ADY (Levucell SC, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077, viable count ≥8.0 × 109 CFU/g, 1.0 g/bull/day). ADY supplementation significantly increased the dry matter intake (DMI) of bulls (p < .05); significantly increased the concentration of ghrelin O-acyl transferase (GOAT) (p < .05), significantly decreased the concentration of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (p < .05), tended to increase the concentration of acyl ghrelin (AG) (p = .053) in serum; significantly increased the content of C12:0 in duodenal digesta, the apparent digestibility of Zn, the concentrations Zn and Cu in serum and the deposition of Cu in the liver (p < .05), significantly decreased the deposition of Fe in muscle in finishing bulls (p < .05). In conclusion, ADY supplementation improved DMI of finishing bulls may be related to the change of AG, and a potential mechanism for the change of AG by ADY supplementation is via its effects on the metabolism of C12:0, Zn, and Cu in finishing bulls. HIGHLIGHTS Active dry yeast (ADY) supplementation increased the dry matter intake (DMI) and tended to increase the concentration of acyl ghrelin (AG) in the serum of finishing bulls. ADY supplementation increased the content of C12:0 in duodenal digesta and improved the bioavailability of Zn and Cu of finishing bulls. A potential mechanism for the change of AG by ADY supplementation is via its effects on the metabolism of C12:0, Zn, and Cu in finishing bulls.
Direct Laser Irradiation and Modification of 2D Te for Development of Volatile Memristor

Laser irradiation, as a kind of post-fabrication method for two-dimensional (2D) materials, is a promising way to tune the properties of materials and the performance of corresponding nano-devices. As the memristor has been regarded as an excellent candidate for in-memory devices in next-generation computing system, the application of laser irradiation in developing excellent memristor based on 2D materials should be explored deeply. Here, tellurene (Te) flakes are exposed to a 532 nm laser in the air atmosphere to investigate the evolutions of the surface morphology and atom structures under different irradiation parameters. Laser is capable of thinning the flakes, inducing amorphous structures, oxides and defects, and forming nanostructures by controlling the irradiation power and time. Furthermore, the laser-induced oxides and defects promote the migration of metal ions in Te, resulting in the formation of the conductive filaments, which provides the switching behavers of volatile memristor, opening a route to the development of next-generation nano-devices.
Investigating Privacy Decision-Making Processes Among Nigerian Men and Women

The privacy calculus framework and trust heuristics has been used to understand people’s privacy decision-making processes. However, most existing studies are mainly focused on people from developed countries. In this study, we use the privacy calculus in combination with trust heuristics to analyse how people from a developing African nation make decisions. Specifically, we conduct a web-based experiment in which 232 participants from Nigeria used a financial planning prototype app to respond to a number of disclosure questions. We examined how their perceived benefit, perceived sensitivity, and trust in the app influenced their disclosure decisions. In addition, we investigated possible moderating effects of gender and used Partial Least Squares path modelling to analyze our data. Our results show that perceived sensitivity (risks) and perceived benefits influenced the decision-making process of our participants. In addition, women were more likely to change their perception of sensitivity and benefits based on trust, while men were more likely to disclose information based on their perception of benefits. We also found that women were less likely to disclose their information to the app than men. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for educators, financial institutions, designers, and policymakers that aim to raise privacy awareness and design interventions in Nigeria and Africa at large.
Two Micron Spectroscopy of the Nucleus of M32

Near-infrared spectra, spanning the wavelength range 1.6-2.4 microns, of the Local Group elliptical M32 were obtained at the f/36 focus of the CFH Telescope during the night of September 24/25, 1988. The strongest features were identified as absorption bands of CO, CN, and H{sub 2}O. The M32 observations were modeled, with results indicating that the M32 galaxy contains a population of cool giants in excess of that present on the red giant branch. This population contributes about 60 percent of the 2-micron flux, and is apparently dominated by late M giants, suggesting evolution on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and not the horizontal branch. The contribution of AGB stars to the 2-micron flux is roughly twice what would be expected from an old coeval population, suggesting a presence of an intermediate-age component. 57 refs.
High frequency resistance of single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes

The electrical resistances of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), SWCNT arrays, and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) bundles have been measured from frequency of 10 MHz to 16 GHz, using vector network analyzer and ground-source-ground probe on coplanar waveguide (CPW) structured sample stages. Full-wave electromagnetic simulation of the structure has also been performed. Analysis of the experimental and stimulated data indicates that the resistances of individual SWCNTs, SWCNT arrays, and MWCNT bundles are nearly independent of frequency within the frequency range under study. We have also calculated the parasitic capacitance of the CPW open structure, and the results indicate that the parasitic capacitance can greatly influence the high frequency measurement because of high impedance of SWCNT samples.
CIMAR-5: A Snapshot of the Lower Troposphere over the Subtropical Southeast Pacific

The extensive and persistent deck of stratocumulus (SCu) off the west coast of subtropical South America plays an important role in the regional and global climate, as well as in coastal weather. As in other subtropical regions, the SCu form at the top of a marine boundary layer (MBL) bounded by a relatively cold ocean and a large-scale subsidence inversion. Nevertheless, details of the structure and variability of the lower troposphere over this region are largely unknown. Ship-based meteorological observations taken along a transect at 27°S from the Chilean coast (71°W) to Easter Island (110°W) during the second half of October 1999 provide a preliminary description of the low-level circulation, thermodynamic structure, and cloudiness over the subtropical southeast Pacific. Three types of observations were made: (a) 15-min average of air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, pressure, and wind by an automatic weather station on the ship deck; (b) 15-min average of vertical reflectivity and cloud base by a laser ceilometer on the ship deck; and (c) twice-daily rawinsondes. Several cloud and radiation properties were derived from GOES-8 imagery and validated against the ship-based observations. A preliminary assessment of the ability of NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and scatterometer winds in representing the atmosphere over a largely in situ data-void area is also presented. Sea surface temperature and near-surface air temperature increase gradually westward, while near-surface relative humidity remains nearly constant at -80%. A significant increase in the free-tropospheric moisture indicates an offshore decrease in the large-scale subsidence. Consistently, the MBL evolves from a shallow, well-mixed MBL topped by compact SCu near the coast; to a deeper, decoupled MBL with a cumuli rising into a patchy SCu deck near Easter Island, in a similar fashion to the transition from subtropical-stratus regime to trade-cumulus regime described elsewhere. In addition to these "climatological" features, the ship data also reveal the large sensitivity of the MBL-trade inversion structure to synoptic-scale disturbances over the subtropical Pacific. Cloud droplet effective sizes increase from the coast to open ocean. Furthermore, cloud fraction, cloud-top height, liquid water path, and optical depth all peaked during the morning and reached a minimum by midafternoon.
Paraquat and Diquat: Recent Updates on Their Pretreatment and Analysis Methods since 2010 in Biological Samples

Paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) are quaternary ammonium herbicides which have been used worldwide for controlling the growth of weeds on land and in water. However, PQ and DQ are well known to be toxic. PQ is especially toxic to humans. Moreover, there is no specific antidote for PQ poisoning. The main treatment for PQ poisoning is hemoperfusion to reduce the PQ concentration in blood. Therefore, it is essential to be able to detect PQ and DQ concentrations in biological samples. This critical review summarizes the articles published from 2010 to 2022 and can help researchers to understand the development of the sample treatment and analytical methods for the determination of PQ and DQ in various types of biological samples. The sample preparation includes liquid–liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction based on different novel materials, microextration methods, and other methods. Analytical methods for quantifying PQ and DQ, such as different chromatography and spectroscopy methods, electrochemical methods, and immunological methods, are illustrated and compared. We focus on the latest advances in PQ and DQ treatment and the application of new technologies for these analyses. In our opinion, tandem mass spectrometry is a good choice for the determination of PQ and DQ, due to its high sensitivity, high selectivity, and high accuracy. As far as we are concerned, the best LOD of 4 pg/mL for PQ in serum can be obtained.