Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional Vocalizations Alter Behaviors and Neurochemical Release into the Amygdala

The basolateral amygdala (BLA), a brain center of emotional expression, contributes to acoustic communication by first interpreting the meaning of social sounds in the context of the listener’s internal state, then organizing the appropriate behavioral responses. We propose that modulatory neurochemicals such as acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine (DA) provide internal-state signals to the BLA while an animal listens to social vocalizations. We tested this in a vocal playback experiment utilizing highly affective vocal sequences associated with either mating or restraint, then sampled and analyzed fluids within the BLA for a broad range of neurochemicals and observed behavioral responses of male and female mice. In male mice, playback of restraint vocalizations increased ACh release and usually decreased DA release, while playback of mating sequences evoked the opposite neurochemical release patterns. In non-estrus female mice, patterns of ACh and DA release with mating playback were similar to males. Estrus females, however, showed increased ACh, associated with vigilance, as well as increased DA, associated with reward-seeking. Experimental groups that showed increased ACh release also showed the largest increases in an aversive behavior. These neurochemical release patterns and several behavioral responses depended on a single prior experience with the mating and restraint behaviors. Our results support a model in which ACh and DA provide contextual information to sound analyzing BLA neurons that modulate their output to downstream brain regions controlling behavioral responses to social vocalizations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In social communication by sound, an animal interprets the meaning of vocalizations based on its prior experience, other sensory stimuli, and its internal state. The basolateral amygdala (BLA), a brain center of emotional expression, contributes to this analysis. We found that the modulatory neurochemicals acetylcholine and dopamine were released differentially into the BLA depending on the emotional content of the vocalizations, the sex and hormonal state of the animal, as well as its prior experience. Our results suggest that acetylcholine and dopamine provide experience- and hormonal state-dependent contextual information to sound-analyzing BLA neurons that modulates their output to downstream brain centers controlling behavioral responses to social vocalizations.
MSIsensor-RNA: Microsatellite Instability Detection for Bulk and Single-cell Gene Expression Data

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an indispensable biomarker in cancer immunotherapy. Currently, MSI scoring methods by high-throughput omics methods have gained popularity and demonstrated better performance than the gold standard method for MSI detection. However, the MSI detection method on expression data, especially single-cell expression data, is still lacking, limiting the scope of clinical application and prohibiting the investigation of MSI at a single-cell level. Herein, we developed MSIsensor-RNA, an accurate, robust, adaptable, and standalone software to detect MSI status based on expression values of MSI-associated genes. We demonstrated the favorable performance and promise of MSIsensor-RNA in both bulk and single-cell gene expression data in multiplatform technologies including RNA-seq, microarray, and single-cell RNA-seq. MSIsensor-RNA is a versatile, efficient, and robust method for MSI status detection from both bulk and single-cell gene expression data in clinical studies and applications. MSIsensor-RNA is available at https://github.com/xjtu-omics/msisensor-rna.
Multi-Objective Node Disjoint Routing Protocol Using Whale Optimization Algorithm

Objective: The objective of this work is to find any node-disjoint pathways that fulfill the multi-objective optimization problem that improves packet delivery ratio, path lifetime, End to End delay and Network lifetime. The optimum path is identified by creating many node-disjoint paths between source and destination. Node-disjoint path selection is made to decrease interference and improve Packet Delivery Ratio efficiency (PDR). Methods: A whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is used in this work to identify the best-secured routing path in the MANET. Findings: The suggested system consumes less energy and has a more extended network lifetime than the existing Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Energy Efficient Power-Aware Routing Protocol (EPAR). End-to-end latency, path lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and network lifetime are all used to analyze the efficiency of the suggested work. The packet delivery ratio, network lifetime and path lifetime are increased and delay decreased in the proposed work. The delay of the proposed work is 2.8% less than DSR and 3.29% less than EPAR. The packet delivery ratio of the proposed work is 15.9% higher than DSR and 10.08% higher than EPAR. The network lifetime of the proposed work is 43.89% higher than DSR and 16.22% higher than EPAR. Novelty: Multi-Objective Node Disjoint Routing Protocol with Whale Optimization Algorithm is utilized to find the optimal route and it can reduce transmission delay caused by link failure and distributes high traffic load into multiple paths in the MANET.
Towards personalised allele-specific CRISPR gene editing to treat 1 autosomal dominant disorders 2

CRISPR/Cas9 holds immense potential to treat a range of genetic disorders. Allele-specific gene 13 disruption induced by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair offers a potential treatment 14 option for autosomal dominant disease. Here, we successfully delivered a plasmid encoding 15 S.pyogenes Cas9 and sgRNA to the corneal epithelium by intrastromal injection and acheived long- 16 term knockdown of a corneal epithelial reporter gene, demonstrating gene disruption via NHEJ in 17 vivo . In addition, we used TGFBI corneal dystrophies as a model of autosomal dominant disease to 18 assess the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in two allele-specific systems, comparing cleavage using a SNP- 19 derived PAM to a guide specific approach. In vitro , cleavage via a SNP-derived PAM was found to 20 confer stringent allele-specific cleavage, while a guide-specific approach lacked the ability to 21 distinguish between the wild-type and mutant alleles. The failings of the guide-specific approach 22 highlights the necessity for meticulous guide design and assessment, as various degrees of allele- 23 specificity are achieved depending on the guide sequence employed. A major concern for the use of 24 CRISPR/Cas9 is its tendency to cleave DNA non-specifically at “off-target” sites. Confirmation that 25 dystrophies as a model of autosomal dominant disease to assess the specificity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for autosomal dominant disorders. An allele-specific approach to target the five most 80 prevalent TGFBI corneal dystrophy mutations is investigated, which highlights the promiscuity of 81 Cas9 and the need for a validated, highly specific approach, that will encompass all possible TGFBI 82 mutations.
Advances in the physical simulation experiment on debris flow initiation in China

As debris flows usually occur abruptly and rapidly in mountainous areas,it is difficult to observe their initiation and occurrence process. Therefore,the physical simulation experiment has been adopted as an important method to study debris flow initiation mechanism by more and more scientists. In recent years,many physical simulation experiments have been carried out and related phenomenon have played an important role both in mechanism research and in disaster mitigation. However,compared to the complex process of debris flow initiation and occurrence,there usually are some limits in the condition of physical simulation experiments. In this paper,based on data collection and analysis,advances in the physical simulation experiments including runoff type and artificial rainfall type were summarized in detail. And then by comparing the experimental study progress of both nationwide and worldwide,some factors that should be further taken into account in the physical simulation experiments on debris flow initiation were discussed. In the end of this paper,some related advices on future physical simulation experiments on debris flow initiation were put forward in the following aspects: To further improve the similarity of experimental condition,such as runoff density,rainfall type and soil characteristics,to further study the relation between debris flow initiation and the physical and dynamic variation of soil mass,and to further carry out some comprehensive experiments in which all the rainfall process,runoff process and material-supplying process are all involved.
Does Distance Still Matter? the Information Revolution in Small Business Lending

The distance between small firms and their lenders is increasing, and they are communicating in more impersonal ways. After documenting these systematic changes, we demonstrate they do not arise from small firms locating differently, consolidation in the banking industry, or biases in the sample. Instead, improvements in lender productivity appear to explain our findings. We also find distant firms no longer have to be the highest quality credits, indicating they have greater access to credit. The evidence indicates there has been substantial development of the financial sector, even in areas such as small business lending. SMALL BUSINESS LENDING HAS HISTORICALLY been very costly, because of the pau-city of information about small firms and the high costs of the personnel required to obtain even that information. Information about small businesses is thought to be " soft, " and has to be collected by lenders over time through relationships with firms ~see Berger and Udell ~1995! , Petersen and Rajan ~1994! 1 If these descriptions of small businesses are accurate, they have a number of implications. First, if a lender has to have direct contact with the small business to collect information about it, it has to have a local presence. If, in addition, 1 By soft information, we mean something similar to what is termed " tacit " information ~see Polanyi ~1958! —information that is hard to communicate to others, let alone capture in written documents. For example, the lending officer, through prior dealings with the firm manager, may learn to tell from the latter's behavior when a loan request is justified and when it is not ~Uzzi ~1999!
Growth response of cool tolerant soybean to variation in sowing date.

Sowing date trials were conducted in two seasons (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) at the same site at Lincoln University, Canterbury to determine the effect of sowing date on soybean dry matter accumulation, partitioning, and seed growth rate and duration, and their relationship with seed yield. Three sowing dates (15 November and 7 and 29 December) and four cultivars (Northern Conquest, March, Maypole and Alta) were used in 1999/2000 and four sowing dates (2 and 17 October, 1 and 16 November) and two cultivars (Northern Conquest and March) were used in 2000/2001. The maximum total dry matter (TDMmax) was attained around the start of seed filling (R5) in all cultivars for all sowing dates. In both seasons TDMmax was strongly associated with seed yield; both were significantly reduced for the 1999 December sowings. Seed growth rate (ISGR) and seed filling period (SFP) were also affected by sowing date; the highest ISGR (5.1 mg seed -1 day-1) and lowest SFP (33.2 days) occurred for the 15 November sowing in 1999, while the highest ISTG and lowest SFP occurred for the 1 November sowing in 2000. WMAGR and ISGR also had significant linear relationships with seed yield, and SGR was strongly associated with WMAGR. However, seed yield was poorly associated with SFP and the partitioning coefficient. The factors that influence WMAGR and hence TDMmax in soybean also regulate seed yield.
Relative Rates of Chlorinated -VOC Biodegradation

Cometabolic bioremediation is probably the most under appreciated bioremediation strategy currently available. Cometabolism strategies stimulate only indigenous microbes with the ability to degrade the contaminant and cosubstrate e.g. methane, propane, toluene and others. This highly targeted stimulation insures that only those microbes that can degrade the contaminant are targeted, thus reducing amendment costs, well and formation plugging, etc. Cometabolic bioremediation has been used on some of the most recalcitrant contaminants, e.g. PCE, TCE, MTBE, TNT, dioxane, atrazine, etc. Methanotrophs have been demonstrated to produce methane monooxygense, an oxidase that can degrade over 300 compounds. Cometabolic bioremediation also has the advantage of being able to degrade contaminants to trace concentrations, since the biodegrader is not dependent on the contaminant for carbon or energy. Increasingly we are finding that in order to protect human health and the environment that we must remediate to lower and lower concentrations, especially for compounds like endocrine disrupters, thus cometabolism may be the best and maybe the only possibility that we have to bioremediate some contaminants.
Utility of monocyte distribution width for diagnosing colonic diverticulitis in the emergency department: a retrospective cohort study

This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients older than 18 years who presented to the emergency department between November 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021, and received a diagnosis of acute colonic diverticulitis after abdominal computed tomography. The characteristics and laboratory parameters of patients with simple versus complicated diverticulitis were compared. The signi�cance of categorical data was assessed using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of complicated colonic diverticulitis. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to test the e�cacy of in�ammatory biomarkers in distinguishing simple from complicated cases
Clinical features of idiopathic in�ammatory myopathies with infection based on a cluster analysis

Objectives. Patients with idiopathic in�ammatory myopathies (IIM), referred to as myositis, are prone to infectious complications, which hinder the treatment of the disease and worsen the outcome of patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the different types of infectious complications in patients with myositis and to determine the predisposing factors for clinical reference. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 66 patients with IIMwho were divided into different types by an unsupervised analysis of their clinical manifestations, laboratory features, and autoantibody characteristics. Combined with the incidence of infectious complications, the types of infectious pathogens and the sites of infection, the characteristics of infection and susceptibility factors were explored.
Assessing the impact of diagenesis on d 11 B, d 13 C, d 18 O, Sr/Ca and B/Ca values in fossil planktic foraminiferal calcite

The geochemical composition of foraminiferal tests is a valuable archive for the reconstruction of paleo-climatic, -oceanographic and -ecological changes. However, dissolution of biogenic calcite and precipitation of inorganic calcite (over-growth and recrystallization) at the seaﬂoor and in the sediment column can potentially alter the original geochemical composition of the foraminiferal test, biasing any resulting paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The d 11 B of planktic foraminiferal calcite is a promising ocean pH-proxy but the eﬀect of diagenesis is still poorly known. Here we present new d 11 B, d 13 C, d 18 O, Sr/Ca and B/Ca data from multiple species of planktic foraminifera from time-equivalent samples for two low latitude sites: clay-rich Tanzanian Drilling Project (TDP) Site 18 from the Indian Ocean containing well-preserved (‘glassy’) foraminifera and carbonate-rich Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 865 from the central Paciﬁc Ocean hosting recrystallized (‘frosty’) foraminifera. Our approach makes the assumption that environmental conditions were initially similar at both sites so most chemical diﬀerences are attributable to diagenesis. Planktic foraminiferal d 18 O and d 13 C records show oﬀsets in both relative and absolute values between the two sites consistent with earlier ﬁndings that these isotopic ratios are strongly inﬂuenced by diagenetic alteration. Sr/Ca and B/Ca ratios in planktic foraminiferal calcite are also oﬀset between the two sites but there is little change in the relative diﬀerence between surface and deep dwelling taxa. In contrast, d 11 B values indicate no large dif-ferences between well-preserved and recrystallized foraminifera suggesting that despite extensive diagenetic alteration the d 11 B of biogenic calcite appears robust, potentially indicative of a lack of free exchange of boron between pore ﬂuids and the recrystallizing CaCO 3 . Our ﬁnding may remove one potential source of uncertainty in d 11 B based pH reconstructions and provide us with greater conﬁdence in our ability to reconstruct pH in the ancient oceans from at least some recrystallized foraminiferal calcite. However, further investigations should extend this approach to test the robustness of our ﬁndings across a range of taphonomies, ages and burial settings.
Evaluation and Ranking of Drug Release from Different Grades of Guar Gum, Acacia Gum and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone as Cross-Linkers in Submicron Particles

-Due to their unique properties, nanoparticles made of polysaccharides are promising carriers to deliver and protect the physiological properties of hydrophilic drugs. They have been successfully applied as drug delivery systems (83). Objective: The main goal of this research is to Improve Carbamazepine water solubility and drug release properties by nano sizing, and using guar gum, Acacia Gum and poly-vinylpyrrolidone, each of two viscosity grades, as crosslinking agents. Moreover, the study is extrapolated, utilizing composite index (CI) design and mathematical modelling, in an attempt to locate the most suitable set of the factors that affect nanoparticles produced with optimum specifications.
MiR-326 mediated overexpression of NFIB offsets TGF-β induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and reverses lung �brosis

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressively fatal and incurable disease characterized by the loss of alveolar structures, increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and aberrant tissue repair. In this study, we investigated the role of Nuclear Factor I-B (NFIB), a transcription factor critical for lung development and maturation, in IPF. Using both human lung tissue samples from patients with IPF, and a mouse model of lung �brosis induced by bleomycin, we showed that there was a signi�cant reduction of NFIB both in the lungs of patients and mice with IPF. Furthermore, our in vitro experiments using cultured human lung cells demonstrated that the loss of NFIB was associated with the induction of EMT by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β ). Knockdown of NFIB promoted EMT, while overexpression of NFIB suppressed EMT and attenuated the severity of bleomycin-induced lung �brosis in mice. Mechanistically, we identi�ed post-translational regulation of NFIB by miR-326, a miRNA with anti-brotic effects that is diminished in IPF. Speci�cally, we showed that miR-326 stabilized and increased the expression of NFIB through its 3'UTR target sites for Human antigen R (HuR). Moreover, treatment of mice with either NFIB plasmid or miR-326 reversed airway collagen deposition and �brosis. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the critical role of NFIB in lung development and maturation, and its reduction in IPF leading to EMT and loss of alveolar structures. Our study highlights the potential of miR-326 as a therapeutic intervention for IPF.
INNOVATION DIFUSSION MODEL IN AUDITORS’ ACCEPTANCE OF METAVERSE TECHNOLOGY

Technological developments in the current industry 4.0 era have provided many rapid changes, including the metaverse technology that uses virtual reality. This technology metaverse has also penetrated the world of auditing. Many digital assets, including virtual assets in the metaverse, must also be audited. it requires auditors to master metaverse technology. This is what made us compile research on the factors that influence auditors' intention in accepting the metaverse technology from the point of view of innovation diffusion theory. The contribution of research in the IT field is to provide an overview of the use of information technology, especially in the metaverse field that is applied in the auditing field. Our research is a quantitative study, we use primary data obtained from distributing e-questionnaires to auditors who work in public accounting firms. We performed data analysis using the structural equation modeling partial least square method. The results of our study state that trialability, observability and user compatibility have a significant effect on auditors' intention to accept metaverse technology, while the other two variables, namely complexity and relative advantage, have no significant effect.
Why Stocks May Disappoint We Received Helpful Comments From

We provide a formal treatment of both static and dynamic portfolio choice using the Disappointment Aversion preferences of Gul (1991. Econometrica 59(3), 667–686), which imply asymmetric aversion to gains versus losses. Our dynamic formulation nests the standard CRRA asset allocation problem as a special case. Using realistic data generating processes, we find reasonable equity portfolio allocations for disappointment averse investors with utility functions exhibiting low curvature. Moderate variation in parameters can robustly generate European Finance Association meeting and the Park City Western Finance Association meeting. We especially thank two anonymous referees whose comments greatly improved the paper. A detailed technical appendix is available at substantial cross-sectional variation in portfolio holdings, including optimal non-participation in the stock market.