Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of food packaging paper for microbial load and storage effect on the microbial activity of paper

Paper and paper board are an ideal choice of packaging material due to their biodegradability. They are safer than commonly used plastic packaging materials. But due to the presence of carbon sources like cellulose and starch in paper, various pathogenic and non‐pathogenic microbes can grow well in them. The migration of microorganisms or their spores from paper to food may cause serious health hazards. Taking consumer concerns into picture, the regulatory authorities should come up for food packaging standards with regard to microbial limits of paper used in food packaging. This study pinpoints the correct approach, that is, the disintegration method in comparison to direct plating in evaluating the microbial load of 14 different samples of paper by demonstrating the limitations of methods that were eliminated. The samples were also tested for storage effect on microbial load and found to have significant reduction in bacterial load during storage at 4°C, but for fungi, it remained nearly unchanged. Further identification of predominating microbes was performed, and conclusions have been drawn on the presence of harmful and harmless species in the samples of paper. It was found that all the identified fungi are mycotoxin producing and may lead to illness of the consumer. Unlike fungi, dominating bacterial strains were found to be non‐harmful for food packaging purposes and ultimately for human use. Overall, there is an immediate need to set microbial limit standards in food packaging paper and paperboard in order to supply safe and hygiene food to consumers.
Effect of Market Orientation and Innovation Toward Competitive Advantage In Business Street Food at Jl. Pahlawan Kusuma Bangsa Kediri City

This study aims to determine the effect of market orientation and innovation on competitive advantage partially and simultaneously. The population in this study are MSME entrepreneurs who sell food on Pahlawan Kusuma Bangsa Street, Kediri, with a sample size of about 100 respondents. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion conclusions can be drawnthat partially market orientation and innovation posited with the highest or dominant value is market orientation. While simultaneously market orientation and innovation together affect competitive advantage. This is very good, by increasing market orientation and innovation, the company's competitive advantage will also increase. Therefore, market orientation and innovation variables are always improved so that food entrepreneurs who are on the way of the Heroes of Kusuma Bangsa can survive and increase competitive advantage.
Conservation potentials and limitations of large carnivores in protected areas: A case study in Northeast China

Protected areas are considered the cornerstone of endangered wildlife conservation. However, quantified conservation potentials and limitations of large carnivores in protected areas are lacking. In the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park (NTLNP) in China, our camera trap survey in 2019 found 26–27 adult Amur tigers and 49–59 adult Amur leopards occurring in the park. Based on spatial area, current prey populations, and environmental carrying capacity of prey, we estimated the supportable number of tigers to be 55, 90, and 101 individuals, respectively. For leopard, these values were 95, 356, and 572, respectively. Further simulations indicated that human land use change scenarios did not contribute much to increasing the potential prey‐supportable populations of Amur tiger and leopard. Our results showed that the number of tigers and leopards in NTLNP is currently low and has a high recovery potential. However, even the highest supportable population is not enough to support the sustainable existence of an Amur tiger population. Therefore, we suggest that, in addition to further restoration and improvement of the prey population and habitat quality in NTLNP, managers should strengthen the connectivity between NTLNP and other habitat patches to form a well‐connected network of protected areas. Promoting the spread of tigers and leopards outwards from this source population in NTLNP through ecological corridor construction would enlarge the area of habitat and is a crucial measure for realizing the sustainable survival of an Amur tiger population in Northeast China.
Building IDS rules by means of a honeypot

In today’s society people become more and more dependent on computer systems. It is therefore vital that such systems are up and running at all times. One factor that has the power to destroy the availability is computer network attacks (CNA). (CNA are defined as "methods aimed at destroying, altering or obstructing information in computers, computer networks or the networks themselves"). Unfortunately, the Internet show an increasing trend regarding the usage of malicious activities such as intrusion attempts, denial-of-service attacks, phishing, spamming and worms. Some automated attacks can compromise a large number of computers in a short period of time. To try to minimize this threat, it would be nice to have a security system which has the ability to detect new attacks and react on them. This thesis focuses on seeing how good IDS rules that can be generated automatically based on data logged by a simple honypot. The results are based on data collected by a network intrusion detection system named SNORT, a low-interaction honeypot named honeyd and a vulnerability scanner named Nessus. Results found in this thesis claim that honeyd logs sufficient information to make functional SNORT rules out of, but some rule options are not possible to determine.
Elimination of Eight Viruses and Two Viroids from Preclonal Candidates of Six Grapevine Varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) through In Vivo Thermotherapy and In Vitro Meristem Tip Micrografting

Viruses and virus-like organisms are a major problem in viticulture worldwide. They cannot be controlled by standard plant protection measures, and once infected, plants remain infected throughout their life; therefore, the propagation of healthy vegetative material is crucial. In vivo thermotherapy at 36–38 °C for at least six weeks, followed by meristem tip micrografting (0.1–0.2 mm) onto in vitro-growing seedling rootstocks of Vialla (Vitis labrusca × Vitis riparia), was successfully used to eliminate eight viruses (grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV), grapevine Syrah virus-1 (GSyV-1), and raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV)), as well as two viroids (hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd-1)) from preclonal candidates of six grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.). A half-strength MS medium including vitamins supplemented with 30 g/L of sucrose and solidified with 8 g/L of agar, without plant growth regulators, was used for the growth and root development of micrografts and the subsequently micropropagated plants; no callus formation, hyperhydricity, or necrosis of shoot tips was observed. Although the overall regeneration was low (higher in white than in red varieties), a 100% elimination was achieved for all eight viruses, whereas the elimination level for viroids was lower, reaching only 39.2% of HSVd-free and 42.6% GYSVd-1-free vines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of GPGV, GRVFV, GSyV-1, HSVd, and GYSVd-1 elimination through combining in vivo thermotherapy and in vitro meristem tip micrografting, and the first report of RBDV elimination from grapevines. The virus-free vines were successfully acclimatized in rockwool plugs and then transferred to soil.
The Social Influence in Celebrity Endorsed Promotions: Revisiting the Consumer Perspective

Abstract The extant literature on celebrity endorsements lacks the multidimensional approach for evaluating the effectiveness of promotion. Also the role of social influence in celebrity endorsements and promotion effectiveness is yet to be explored. To fill this literature gap this study adopts a multi-dimensional approach to evaluate the factors that affect the endorsement effectiveness. The Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) applied on data collected from 409 respondents revealed that social influence and endorser identification substantially and positively affects the individual’s purchase intentions, attitude, celebrity attachment, and perceived celebrity credibility. The theoretical framework used in this study empirically validates the role of social influence in arbitrating the efficacy of celebrity endorsement and purchase intention for the first time to the researcher’s best knowledge. The findings are vital to the marketing managers to create an appropriate promotion strategy. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Contrastive Learning for Image Registration in Visual Teach and Repeat Navigation

Visual teach and repeat navigation (VT&R) is popular in robotics thanks to its simplicity and versatility. It enables mobile robots equipped with a camera to traverse learned paths without the need to create globally consistent metric maps. Although teach and repeat frameworks have been reported to be relatively robust to changing environments, they still struggle with day-to-night and seasonal changes. This paper aims to find the horizontal displacement between prerecorded and currently perceived images required to steer a robot towards the previously traversed path. We employ a fully convolutional neural network to obtain dense representations of the images that are robust to changes in the environment and variations in illumination. The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple datasets with seasonal and day/night variations. In addition, our experiments show that it is possible to use the model to generate additional training examples that can be used to further improve the original model’s robustness. We also conducted a real-world experiment on a mobile robot to demonstrate the suitability of our method for VT&R.
Elektrisk trevekst og partielle utladninger i silikongummi for HVAC konnektorer - Innvirking av hydrostatisk trykk og olje

The subsea connector is an important component and also one of the most critical components during subsea power transfer. Silicone rubber can be used to swipe off water when a receptacle is mated into the plug of the subsea connector. The silicone material is subjected to electrical field stress, which can cause ageing of the material. The subject of this master thesis is partial discharges and electrical treeing in silicon rubber. Electrical treeing is initiated by partial discharges and it is one of the most common causes for breakdown of cables. The silicone rubber in a subsea connector will be enclosed by oil and exposed to a high hydrostatic pressure. This master thesis will focus on PD in a pregrown electrical tree with the length of 0,5 mm when exposed to oil and hydrostatic pressures. The testobjects were tested at a hydrostatic pressure of 1, 10, 20, 40 and 80 bar. Both testobjects saturated with oil and testobjects without oil were used during testing to examine the oil’s effect. The inception voltage and the extinction voltage increased when the hydrostatic pressure was raised. Regardless of the hydrostic pressure did the testobjects saturated with oil have a higher inception voltage than testobjects which had not been saturated with oil. Partial discharges incepted at the same time as the electrical tree grew further, the exception was testobjects without oil during 1 bar pressure. A higher inception voltage resulted in faster tree growth and the electrical tree grew faster when the pressure was raised.
Atlantic Salmon Mucins Inhibit LuxS-Dependent A. Salmonicida AI-2 Quorum Sensing in an N-Acetylneuraminic Acid-Dependent Manner

One of the most important bacterial diseases in salmonid aquaculture is furunculosis, caused by Aeromonas salmonicida. Bacterial communication through secreted autoinducer signals, quorum sensing, takes part in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria, influencing growth and virulence. The skin and mucosal surfaces, covered by a mucus layer, are the first point of contact between fish and bacteria. Mucins are highly glycosylated and are the main components of mucus. Here, we validate the Vibrio harveyi BB170 bioreporter assay for quantifying A. salmonicida quorum sensing and study the effects of Atlantic salmon mucins as well as mono- and disaccharides on the AI-2 levels of A. salmonicida. Atlantic salmon mucins from skin, pyloric ceca, proximal and distal intestine reduced A. salmonicida AI-2 levels. Among the saccharides abundant on mucins, fucose, N-acetylneuraminic acid and GlcNAcβ1-3Gal inhibited AI-2 A. salmonicida secretion. Removal of N-acetylneuraminic acid, which is the most abundant terminal residue on mucin glycans on Atlantic salmon mucins, attenuated the inhibitory effects on AI-2 levels of A. salmonicida. Deletion of A. salmonicida luxS abolished AI-2 production. In conclusion, Atlantic salmon mucins regulate A. salmonicida quorum sensing in a luxS and N-acetylneuraminic acid-dependent manner.
Prediction in the Aging Brain: Merging Cognitive, Neurological, and Evolutionary Perspectives

Abstract Although the aging brain is typically characterized by declines in a variety of cognitive functions, there has been growing attention to cognitive functions that may stabilize or improve with age. We integrate evidence from behavioral, computational, and neurological domains under the hypothesis that over the life span the brain becomes more effective at predicting (i.e., utilizing knowledge) compared to learning. Moving beyond mere description of the empirical literature—with the aim of arriving at a deeper understanding of cognitive aging—we provide potential explanations for a learning-to-prediction shift based on evolutionary models and principles of senescence and plasticity. The proposed explanations explore whether the occurrence of a learning-to-prediction shift can be explained by (changes in) the fitness effects of learning and prediction over the life span. Prediction may optimize (a) the allocation of limited resources across the life span, and/or (b) late-life knowledge transfer (social learning). Alternatively, late-life prediction may reflect a slower decline in prediction compared to learning. By discussing these hypotheses, we aim to provide a foundation for an integrative neurocognitive–evolutionary perspective on aging and to stimulate further theoretical and empirical work.
Health Education Program on Prevention of Needle Stick Injuries among Health Care Workers

Background: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) increasing day by day and globally a lot of health care workers suffer from infection per year through this route. Objective: This study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of primary health care workers toward needle stick injury at Fakous district, Sharqia governorate. Patients and Methods : This interventional study included a total of 104 personnel who were working in the of primary health care centers (PHCs), at Fakous district, Sharqia Governorate. This study was conducted between January 2020 to January 2021. Results: There was highly statistically significant association between history of needle stick injury and history of HBV vaccination as positive history of HBV vaccination (Three doses) was associated with positive history of needle stick injury. There was high statistically significant improvement in knowledge of the study participants about standard precautions of infection control after intervention except for waste disposal. Before intervention, the highest proportion of adequate knowledge was about waste disposal (93.3%) while the lowest proportion of adequate knowledge was about sterile instruments and devices (15.4%). Conclusion: It could be concluded that the effect of health education is remarkable in improving the development of knowledge and increasing awareness of health care providers about infection control guidelines.
Construction of Evaluation Model of Tennis Skills and Tactic Level and Application of Grey Relational Algorithm

Based on the application characteristics of the world’s elite tennis players’ skills and tactics, this paper establishes the evaluation model of skill and tactic level. According to the principle of normal distribution, taking the overall average as the reference value and the overall standard deviation as the discrete distance, the deviation method commonly used in sports statistics is adopted to formulate the grade evaluation standard. The standard is divided into five evaluation grades: excellent, good, passing, poor, and extremely poor. The equivalent evaluation scale of diagnostic indexes of tennis skill and tactic level is established. It also discusses many factors that characterize the skills and tactics of tennis singles. At the same time, it introduces the grey relational algorithm, constructs the evaluation model of skills and tactic level, and makes an example application. Through experimental analysis, it is concluded that this model can be applied not only to the diagnosis of individual athletes but also to the evaluation of a sports team. This article is aimed at further enriching the analysis system of tennis skills and tactics.
Derivation and Validation of a Predictive Score for Respiratory Failure Worsening Leading to Secondary Intubation in COVID-19: The CERES Score

Predictive scores assessing the risk of respiratory failure in COVID-19 mostly focused on the prediction of early intubation. A combined assessment of clinical parameters and biomarkers of endotheliopathy could allow to predict late worsening of acute respiratory failure (ARF), subsequently warranting intubation in COVID-19. Retrospective single-center derivation (n = 92 subjects) and validation cohorts (n = 59 subjects), including severe COVID-19 patients with non-invasive respiratory support, were assessed for at least 48 h following intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We used stepwise regression to construct the COVID endothelial and respiratory failure (CERES) score in a derivation cohort, and secondly assessed its accuracy for the prediction of late ARF worsening, requiring intubation within 15 days following ICU admission in an independent validation cohort. Platelet count, fraction of inspired oxygen, and endocan measured on ICU admission were identified as the top three predictive variables for late ARF worsening and subsequently included in the CERES score. The area under the ROC curve of the CERES score to predict late ARF worsening was calculated in the derivation and validation cohorts at 0.834 and 0.780, respectively. The CERES score is a simple tool with good performances to predict respiratory failure worsening, leading to secondary intubation, in COVID-19 patients.
Mycelium Compatibility Groups and Phenotypic Variability among some Isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum the Causal of Stem and Pod Rot of Beans

variability among 35 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing stem and pod rot of beans collected from various localities of EL-Behera governorate were tested. The isolates varied in colony morphology, mycelial growth rate and number, size, weight and color of sclerotia. Isolates were assessed for mycelial compatibility reactions in culture, accordingly, four types of mycelial reactions were observed. Mycelium compatibility was observed among 594 combinations and more than half (569 reactions) of them showed incompatible reactions between several tested pairs of isolates. Based on mycelial compatibility, vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were identified among all the tested isolates. However, total of 569 reactions were classified into three cases, 307 gap, 205 line-gap while, 57 exhibited barrage reactions and, 25 combinations showed compatible reaction.
IMPACT OF INTERRUPTED VERSUS CONTINUOUS SUTURING IN EPISIOTOMY REPAIR AFTER VAGINAL BIRTH IN PRIMIGRAVIDAS

Background: Short and long-term maternal morbidity associated with perineal repair can lead to major physical, psychological and social problems, affecting the woman’s ability to care for her new baby and other members of the family. complications depend on the severity of perineal trauma and on the effectiveness of treatment. The type of suturing material, the skill of the operator and the technique of repair are the three main factors that influence the outcome of perineal repair. Objective: To compare the impact of interrupted versus continous suturing in episiotomy repair after vaginal birth in primigravidas. Patients and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed at EL-Minia general hospital and AL-Hussin university hospital in Obstetric unit the study included 160 healthy women with viable normal singleton Pregnancy achieving normal vaginal delivery at or beyond 37 gestation from April 2019 till December 2019 women were randomized to repair either interrupted or continous suturing after episiotomy done at the crowning in the second stage of labor. Results: In the present study, the mean participant’s age in continuous group was 25.l+5.03 and in interrupted group was 242+4.68. As regard parity, all patients were prinigravidae. None of these groups revealed any statistically significance differences indicating that the two groups were well matched. There was no statistically significant difference could be detected between continuous and interrupted groups as regard participant’s age, wound dehiscence and infection, hematoma formation and amount of blood loss during the repair measured by number of soaked gauze towels. The results showed that there was highly statistically significant difference could be detected between continuous and interrupted groups as regard number of units of sutures material that it was higher in interrupted group compared to continuous group. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference could be detected between continuous and interrupted groups as regard perineal pain at 48 hours 10 days 42days measured by VAS. Conclusion: The use of continuous knotless technique for perineal repair is associated with less number of units of sutures material used.
Does graduate education abroad matter? Evidence from Burkina Faso

ABSTRACT This paper addresses international student migration, return migration and labor market entry by examining the effects of graduate educational migration on employment, type of employment, wage and wait time to obtain employment. Using primary data collected in 2021 on 1774 burkinabè graduates, including non-migrants and migrants (returnees and non-returnees), the results are mixed. Migration for studies does not provide better access to employment for returnees because they take longer to get a job despite having degrees from schools abroad and earning more. Controlling for selection bias, Ph.D. graduates take longer to find jobs than do Master's graduates. Arbitrating between unemployment and a lower-skilled job, the findings highlight that the returnees prefer unemployment. Assignment and queuing theories are supported for returnees.