Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Statistical Analysis of Local Structure in Social Networks

We introduce the concept of a triad census of a digraph arid show how it can be used to enumerate various types of subgraph configurations. We give the basic probabilities needed for computing means and variances for a triad census under the U-MAN distribution for digraphs. These concepts are combined to provide a way of testing propositions about social structure using sociometric data. An application to 408 sociograms is given.
Diurnal and Nocturnal Behaviour of Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and Lions (Panthera leo) in Zoos

Simple Summary To date, few studies have examined both night-time and daytime behaviour of lions and cheetahs in zoos. To gain a deeper understanding of behavioural rhythms, this knowledge needs to be expanded. In our study, light was a strong influencing factor leading to different diurnal and nocturnal activity budgets. During the day, both species were significantly more active than during the night. These daily activity peaks correlated with feeding time. At night, lions showed increased resting behaviour with long sleep phases averaging more than 75 min per sleep event. Sleep phases are defined as minutes per sleep event with the animal’s body and head lying on the ground. The number of sleep phases, however, dropped slightly compared to the day. Cheetahs also had a higher length of sleep phases at night than during the day, although the increase was smaller than in lions. However, the number of sleep phases was significantly higher than during the day in all animals. Our results show that the behavioural rhythms of lions and cheetahs differ significantly during the day and night. The results show that studies that take into account 24-h rhythms are well suited to measure diurnal rhythms and, based on this, possibly derive statements on management and husbandry. Abstract Mammals are constantly exposed to exogenous and endogenous influences that affect their behaviour and daily activity. Light and temperature, as well as anthropogenic factors such as husbandry routines, visitors, and feeding schedules are potential influences on animals in zoological gardens. In order to investigate the effects of some of these factors on animal behaviour, observational studies based on the analyses of activity budgets can be used. In this study, the daily and nightly activity budgets of six lions (Panthera leo) and five cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) from four EAZA institutions were investigated. Focused on the influencing factor light and feeding, we analysed these activity budgets descriptively. Behaviour was recorded and analysed during the winter months over an observation period of 14 days and 14 nights using infrared-sensitive cameras. Our results show that lions and cheetahs exhibit activity peaks at crepuscular and feeding times, regardless of husbandry. Thus, lions in captivity shift nocturnal behaviour familiar from the wild to crepuscular and diurnal times. In cheetahs, in contrast, captive and wild individuals show similar 24 h behavioural rhythms. The resting behaviour of both species is more pronounced at night, with cheetahs having a shorter overall sleep duration than lions. This study describes the results of the examined animals and is not predictive. Nevertheless, the results of this study make an important contribution to gaining knowledge about possible factors influencing the behaviour of lions and cheetahs in zoos and offer implications that could be useful for improving husbandry and management.
EVALUATION OF THE WAVE-RESISTANCE GREEN FUNCTION: PART 3 - THE SINGLE INTEGRAL NEAR THE SINGULAR AXIS

The single integral part of the wave-resistance Green function is considered near its singular axis. Completing the work of Ursell (1988) an asymptotic expansion is proposed that is valid in the vicinity of the source when this lies on or near the free surface. For the complementary region away from the singular axis an improvement of Bessho's (1964) convergent series is also obtained. Numerically, both expressions along with previous results guarantee fast and accurate evaluations of the single integral within two wavelengths downstream of the source. For larger distances downstream, the result of Ursell (1988) is shown to be still valid within bounded distances of the singular axis. Hence the single integral can be evaluated analytically or numerically in a whole neighbourhood of its singular axis.
Identification of the influence of technological factors on the growth and development of lactic acid microorganisms in pastille marmalade products enriched with lactic acid starters

Prototypes of pastille marmalade products with starters of lactic acid microorganisms have been developed. Pastille marmalade products that contain live cells of probiotic culture (from 1 to 3 CFU/g) help strengthen and maintain immunity. The macro and micromorphology of the probiotic culture were investigated, which confirmed the belonging of microorganisms to lactic acid. The studies reported here were scientifically substantiated by the method of mathematical modeling. Based on the regression equation, it was revealed that the growth of lactic acid microorganisms in the product is affected by the volume of whey (250 ml), the volume (0.02 g) and the time of revival of the starter culture (6 hours). A more significant factor was the volume of application of lactic acid microorganisms, from 0.01 to 0.02 g, which affects the growth of lactic acid microorganisms (increases) in the product. The antimicrobial activity of isolated crops in relation to E. coli was studied. The zones of illumination of the isolated colonies in relation to E. coli range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. The results show that antagonistic properties affect pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. The antioxidant properties of pastille marmalade products have been established. When applying starters of lactic acid cultures, the volume of antioxidants increased by 1.7 and 2.2 times compared with control. In this regard, the development of pastille marmalade products with starters of lactic acid microorganisms is a relevant and promising task because they are natural, have an immunostimulating effect, and expand the range of confectionery products
Effect of Varying Poisson Ratio on Thermally Induced Vibrations of Non-homogeneous Rectangular Plate

A mathematical model will help the engineers in science and technology applications. In this paper, authors studied a temperature-thickness coupling problem of a non-homogeneous rectangular plate in which temperature varies bilinearly&thickness varies linearly in x-direction. Due to non-homogeneity, it is considered that poisson ratio varies exponentially in x direction. Ray-Leigh Ritz method has been adopted to calculate the time period for fixed two modes of vibration for different values of aspect ratio, thermal gradient and taper constants. All results are shown in graphs.
Stability Analysis and Controller Design of Discrete Interval Type‐2 Fuzzy Systems

This paper is concerned with trajectory stabilization of a computer simulated model car with uncertain velocity via type‐2 fuzzy control systems. First, stability conditions of discrete interval type‐2 fuzzy control systems are given in accordance with the definition of stability in the sense of Lyapunov. Then, we approximate a computer simulated model car, whose dynamics are nonlinear and velocity is uncertain. A type‐2 Takagi–Sugeno TS fuzzy controller is designed to handle system uncertainty. The control rules, which guarantee stability of the system, are derived from the approximated model. The simulation results show that the type‐2 fuzzy control rules can effectively stabilize the car model.
Modeling flow and transport in highly heterogeneous three‐dimensional aquifers: Ergodicity, Gaussianity, and anomalous behavior—2. Approximate semianalytical solution

Flow and transport take place in a heterogeneous medium of lognormal distribution of the conductivity K. Flow is uniform in the mean, and the system is defined by U (mean velocity), σY2 (log conductivity variance), and integral scale I. Transport is analyzed in terms of the breakthrough curve of the solute, identical to the traveltime distribution, at control planes at distance x from the source. The “self‐consistent” approximation is used, where the traveltime τ is approximated by the sum of τ pertinent to the different separate inclusions, and the neglected interaction between inclusions is accounted for by using the effective conductivity. The pdf f(τ, x), where x is the control plane distance, is derived by a simple convolution. It is found that f(τ, x) has an early arrival time portion that captures most of the mass and a long tail, which is related to the slow solute particles that are trapped in blocks of low K. The macrodispersivity is very large and is independent of x. The tail f(τ, x) is highly skewed, and only for extremely large x/I, depending on σY2, the plume becomes Gaussian. Comparison with numerical simulations shows very good agreement in spite of the absence of parameter fitting. It is found that finite plumes are not ergodic, and a cutoff of f(τ, x) is needed in order to fit the mass flux of a finite plume, depending on σY2 and x/I. The bulk of f(τ, x) can be approximated by a Gaussian shape, with fitted equivalent parameters. The issue of anomalous behavior is examined with the aid of the model.
Changing Cerebral Blood Flow, Glucose Metabolism, and Dopamine Binding Through Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Systematic Review of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Positron Emission Tomography Literature

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation tool currently used as a treatment in multiple psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Despite its widespread use, we have an incomplete understanding of the way in which acute and chronic sessions of TMS affect various neural and vascular systems. This systematic review summarizes the state of our knowledge regarding the effects TMS may be having on cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmitter release. Forty-five studies were identified. Several key themes emerged: 1) TMS transiently increases cerebral blood flow in the area under the coil; 2) TMS to the prefrontal cortex increases glucose metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients with depression; and 3) TMS to the motor cortex and prefrontal cortex decreases dopamine receptor availability in the ipsilateral putamen and caudate respectively. There is, however, a paucity of literature regarding the effects TMS may have on other neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems of interest, all of which may shed vital light on existing biologic mechanisms and future therapeutic development. Significance Statement Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation tool currently used as a treatment in multiple psychiatric and neurologic disorders. This systematic review summarizes the state of our knowledge regarding the effects TMS on cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmitter release.
Spinal cord infarction after coil embolization of a basilar tip aneurysm: A case report and literature review

Background: Spinal cord infarction is a rare but serious complication of neurointervention that has been rarely documented. An association between spinal cord infarction and the placement of large bore catheters in the vertebral artery (VA) has been mentioned, but the precise etiology remains unclear. Case Description: A 72-year-old female presented with the right hemiparesis and left thermal hypoalgesia directly after endovascular coil embolization for an unruptured basilar tip aneurysm. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated right-sided upper cervical (C2-3) spinal cord infarction. Conventional bilateral vertebral angiograms revealed no opacification of the anterior spinal arteries. Cone-beam computed tomography showed a watershed area of radiculomedullary arteries that was correlated with the extent of the ischemic lesion. Thus, the spinal cord ischemia may have had multifactorial causes combined with reduced perfusion pressure to the spinal cord, which was caused by the placement of the guiding catheter in the VA and intensive hypotension during general anesthesia. Conclusion: Spinal cord infarction should be recognized as a serious complication of endovascular treatment involving posterior circulation.
Empirical cumulative distribution function of the characteristic sign of the gas environment during fire

The object of this study is the dynamics of a characteristic sign of an increment in the state of the gaseous medium in the premises when a thermal source of fire appears. The subject of the study is the type of an empirical cumulative function of the distribution of dynamics of a characteristic sign of an increment in the state of the gaseous medium in the absence and appearance of a thermal source of fire in the premises. As a characteristic feature, the probability of non-recurrence of the increments of the vector of states of the gaseous medium was chosen. The results of the study make it possible to quickly identify thermal sources of fire under uncertain conditions. The methodology for studying the empirical cumulative function of the distribution of the dynamics of the probability of non-recurrence of the increments of the vector of the state of the gas medium has been substantiated. The technique includes the implementation of seven consecutive procedures and makes it possible to explore the specified function for arbitrary time intervals. The empirical cumulative distribution function for two fixed time intervals of equal duration before and after the appearance of test thermal sources of fire in the laboratory chamber was investigated. It was established that the features of the empirical cumulative functions of the distribution of the dynamics of the probability of non-recurrence of the increments of the vector of the state of the gas environment allow for early detection of fire. The main sign of detection is a decrease in the fixed values of the empirical cumulative distribution function. For test thermal sources, fixed values of the empirical cumulative distribution function are in the range of 0.15–0.44. These probabilities are determined by the different ignition rate of the test thermal sources. The research results indicate the possibility of using the identified features of empirical cumulative distribution functions of the dynamics of the probability of non-recurrence of increments of the vector of the state of the gas environment for the early detection of fires
Fully Endoscopic 360° Decompression for Central Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Combined with Disc Herniation: Technical Note and Preliminary Outcomes of 39 Cases

Purpose To evaluate the outcomes, feasibility, and safety of endoscopic unilateral laminectomy, bilateral decompression and discectomy (Endo-ULBDD) for central lumbar spinal stenosis (CLSS) combined with disc herniation (DH). Methods This study includes 39 patients diagnosed with CLSS combined with DH who met the inclusion criteria and underwent surgery for Endo-ULBDD from April 2020 to March 2021. The mean age of the patients, operation time, hospitalization time, time in bed, and complications were recorded. Patients were followed up for at least 12 months. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for low-back and lower-limb pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were evaluated preoperatively, before discharge, and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. To evaluate clinical effectiveness 12 months postoperatively, the modified MacNab criteria were used. Results The mean age of the patients was 59.9 years, the mean operation time was 82.1 minutes, the mean hospitalization time was 3.7 days, and the mean time in bed was 20.9 hours. The mean VAS scores of low-back and lower-limb pain improved from 5.9 and 7.2 to 2.0 and 1.6, respectively (P < 0.05). The ODI score improved from 56.0 to 16.7 (P < 0.05). The overall excellent-good rate of the modified MacNab criteria was 89.7%. Two kinds of complications occurred in 4 patients (10.3%), including 1 patient whose inferior articular process was excessively removed and 3 patients who suffered from postoperative dysesthesia. No other severe complications were noted. Conclusion Endo-ULBDD is a safe, feasible, efficient, and minimally invasive approach to treating CLSS combined with DH.
The Effect of Procedural Justice, Work Engagement, on Innovative Work Behavior

: Government regulation forces companies to focus on innovation as one of the methods to increase work performance so that they can compete with other companies. At the same time, with the still distant social hierarchy between the organization and the employees motivates the writers to examine whether procedural justice affects the innovative work behavior of the employees through the research on the relationship between procedural justice, work engagement, and innovative work behavior. Research was done on 173 supervisor-level employees of a nation-owned plantation company located in North Sumatera, Indonesia. Sample was chosen through simple random sampling method. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis. Results showed that procedural justice has a significant positive effect on innovative work behavior (β=0.242; p=0.000). Procedural justice also indirectly affects innovative work behavior through work engagement (β = 0.173; p=0.000). Thus, it can be concluded that procedural justice can increase innovative work behavior both directly and indirectly through the mediation of work engagement. This study also found that the contribution of procedural justice and work engagement to innovative work behavior is R 2 adjust = 0.28, while the contribution of procedural justice on work engagement is R 2 adjust = 0.20. Suggestions for further research include strengthening other variables that can also cause increase in innovative work behavior in this particular company.
Rapid Synthesis of Kaolinite Nanoscrolls through Microwave Processing

Kaolinite nanoscrolls (NScs) are halloysite-like nanotubular structures of great interest due to their ability to superimpose halloysite’s properties and applicability. Especially attractive is the ability of these NScs to serve as reaction vessels for the uptake and conversion of different chemical species. The synthesis of kaolinite NScs, however, is demanding due to the various processing steps that lead to extended reaction times. Generally, three intercalation stages are involved in the synthesis, where the second step of methylation dominates others in terms of duration. The present research shows that introducing microwave processing throughout the various steps can simplify the procedure overall and reduce the synthesis period to less than a day (14 h). The kaolinite nanoscrolls were obtained using two final intercalating agents, aminopropyl trimethoxy silane (APTMS) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC). Both produce abundant NScs, as corroborated by microscopy measurements as well as the surface area of the final products; APTMS intercalated NScs were 63.34 m2/g, and CTAC intercalated NScs were 73.14 m2/g. The nanoscrolls averaged about 1 μm in length with outer diameters of APTMS and CTAC intercalated samples of 37.3 ± 8.8 nm and 24.9 ± 6.1 nm, respectively. The availability of methods for the rapid production of kaolinite nanoscrolls will lead to greater utility of these materials in technologically significant applications.
An Exploratory Study of Transferring From a Community College Into a 4-Year Music Education Program

Two-year community colleges (CCs) provide access to higher education for those who might not otherwise have had the opportunity. Research into CCs has seen growth in past years, with a focus on areas of curriculum, such as music history and musicianship; however, research within music education regarding transfer students is remarkably slim. This qualitative case study investigated the experiences of four CC transfer students in music as they transitioned into music education programs at 4-year universities. The primary research question was: How do transfer students in music education describe their experiences making the transition from 2- to 4-year music programs? Current analysis indicates a need for greater communication between different institutions, the presence of transfer-specific systematic barriers for students, and the importance of community and support for transfer music education majors.
Impact of COVID-19 on Patients’ Attitudes and Perceptions of Dental Health Services: A Questionnaire Based Study in an Australian University Dental Clinic

COVID-19, the global pandemic, has significantly interrupted the provision of oral health care to many individuals. This study aims to evaluate patients’ attitudes to and perceptions of dental visits in the COVID-19 pandemic and assess if socio-economic status influences their perception of risk associated with dental visits. Patients attending the dental clinic were invited to participate in this study by completing a questionnaire administered in August 2021. Composite indicators for access, attitude, perception and socio-economic status were created based on subsets of questions. A total of 247 completed questionnaires were obtained. Analysis was performed with the perception, attitude and access indicators against the socio-economic status indicator. This study found that there is a statistically significant difference between socio-economic groups and their attitudes and perceptions around dental health care services in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals from lower socio-economic status groups were less influenced by the pandemic. Participants from higher socio-economic status groups were found to be more cautious around COVID-19 and its risks.
ON EXTRAPOLATION CASCADIC MULTIGRID METHOD

Based on an asymptotic expansion of (bi)linear ﬁnite elements, a new extrapolation formula and extrapolation cascadic multigrid method (EXCMG) are proposed. The key ingredients of the proposed methods are some new extrapolations and quadratic interpo-lations, which are used to provide better initial values on the reﬁned grid. In the case of triple grids, the errors of the new initial values are analyzed in detail. The numerical experiments show that EXCMG has higher accuracy and eﬃciency.
Promoting sustainable diets using eco-labelling and social nudges: a randomised online experiment

This randomised online experiment aimed to investigate how eco-labelling and social nudging influenced sustainable food choice, as well as consider the effect of motivation to act sustainably. Participants were UK adults ≥18 years (n = 1399). Participants were asked to choose a hypothetical meal (beef, chicken or vegetarian burrito) and were randomly allocated to one of three conditions varying in labelling: eco-labelling; social nudge or control (no label). Co-primary outcomes were the frequency that the vegetarian and chicken burritos were chosen (i.e., the more sustainable food choices). There was evidence that more vegetarian (OR = 3.3 [95% CI 2.0, 5.3]) and chicken (OR = 2.5 [95% CI 1.8, 3.4]) burrito choices were made in the eco-label condition, over the beef burrito, compared to the control condition. In the social nudge condition, there was evidence that participants chose a vegetarian burrito over a beef burrito (OR = 1.7 [95% CI 1.1, 2.7]), but not a vegetarian burrito over a chicken burrito (OR = 1.4 [95% CI 0.9, 2.2]). Although both labels were effective at promoting participants to make more sustainable food choices, the eco-label was the most effective. Choice of burrito was modified by motivation to act sustainably across all conditions. This study suggests that future policy could include eco-labelling and/or a social nudge to reduce meat consumption and meet global climate change targets.