Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Hamilton -Jacobi theory for solving two-point boundary value problems: Theory and numerics with application to spacecraft formation flight, optimal control and the study of phase space structure.

THE HAMILTON-JACOBI THEORY FOR SOLVING TWO-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS: THEORY AND NUMERICS WITH APPLICATION TO SPACECRAFT FORMATION FLIGHT, OPTIMAL CONTROL AND THE STUDY OF PHASE SPACE STRUCTURE by Vincent M. Guibout Co-Chairs: Daniel J. Scheeres and Anthony M. Bloch This dissertation has been motivated by the need for new meth ods to address complex problems that arise in spacecraft formation design. As a dir ect result of this motivation, a general methodology for solving two-point boundary value problems for Hamiltonian systems has been found. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi theory in conjunction with the canonical transformation induced by the phase flow, it is shown tha t generating functions solve two-point boundary value problems. Traditional technique s for addressing these problems are iterative and require an initial guess. The method prese nt d in this dissertation solves boundary value problems at the cost of a single function eval uation, although it requires knowledge of at least one generating function. Properties o f this method are presented. Specifically, we show that it includes perturbation theory a nd generalizes it to nonlinear systems. Most importantly, it predicts the existence of mul tiple solutions and allows one to recover all of these solutions. To demonstrate the efficiency of this approach, an algorithm for computing the generating functions is proposed and its convergence properti es are studied. As the method developed in this work is based on the Hamiltonian structure of the problem, particular attention must be paid to the numerics of the algorithm. T o address this, a general framework for studying the discretization of certain dynam ical systems is developed. This framework generalizes earlier work on discretization of La grangian and Hamiltonian systems on tangent and cotangent bundles respectively. In addi tion, it provides new insights into some symplectic integrators and leads to a new discrete Hamilton-Jacobi theory. Most importantly, it allows one to discretize optimal control pr oblems. In particular, a discrete maximum principle is presented. This dissertation also investigates applications of the pr oposed method to solve twopoint boundary value problems. In particular, new techniqu es for designing spacecraft formation flight, reconfiguring a formation, and searching f or stable configurations in a general dynamical environment are presented. In addition, he present work allows one to reduce the search for periodic orbits with specified perio ds r locations to solving a set of nonlinear equations. Finally, a novel approach for solvi ng optimal control problems is derived and applied.
Automated Optical Inspection for Defect Identification and Classification in Actual Woven Fabric Production Lines

This paper presents a turnkey integrated system that can be operated in real time for real textile manufacturers. Eight types of defects in woven fabric, including stain, broken end, broken weft, hole, nep, double pick, kinky weft and float can be recognized and classified. First, an image is captured by a CMOS industrial camera with a pixel size of 4600 × 600 above the batcher at 20 m/min. After that, the four-stage image processing procedure is applied to detect defects and for classification. Stage 1 is image pre-processing; the filtration of the image noise is carried out by a Gaussian filter. The light source is corrected to reduce the uneven brightness resulting from halo formation. The improved mask dodging algorithm is used to reduce the standard deviation of the corrected original image. Afterwards, the background texture is filtered by an averaging filter, and the mean value is corrected for histogram shifting, so that this system is robust to the texture and color changes of woven fabric. The binary segmentation threshold is determined using the mean value and standard deviation of an image with a normal sample. Stage 2 uses adaptive binarization for separation of the background and defects and to filter the noise. In Stage 3, the morphological processing is used before the defect contour is circled, i.e., four features of each block, including the defect area, the aspect ratio of the defect, the average gray level of the defect and the defect orientation, which are calculated according to the range of contour. The image defect recognition dataset consists of 2246 images. The results show that the detection success rate is 96.44%, and the false alarm rate is 3.21%. In Stage 4, the defect classification is implemented. The support vector machine (SVM) is used for classification, 230 defect images are used as training samples, and 206 are used as test samples. The experimental results show that the overall defect recognition rate is 96.60%, providing that the software and hardware equipment designed in this study can implement defect detection and classification for woven fabric effectively.
Cognitive dysfunctions in patients with hypertension — pathogenesis and treatment

3 mil-Abstract Memory disorders are one of the most frequent abnormalities found in the elderly. The dominant cause of the disorder is dementia of Alzheimer’s type (about 60%), vascular dementia is responsible for 15–20% of cases, and the rest are mixed forms. One of the basic symptoms is a weakening of the ability to remember. With time, dementia becomes more severe and the cognitive and mental disorders are accompanied by progressive somatic infirmity, leading in the final stage to bed immobilization and total dependence on the care of other people. Treatment of vascular dementia comes down to counteracting stroke risk factors and treating hypertension, as well as diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases. It has been clearly demonstrated that hypotensive drugs can reduce the risk of dementia. When choosing therapy for elderly patients, we should also bear in mind the effects on blood pressure and blood pressure variability, as these have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of dementia. The guidelines indicate the benefit of using a combination of a thiazide-like diuretic (indapamide) and a calcium antagonist (amlodipine) in elderly. Combination treatment with a converting enzyme inhibitor (perindopril) and a thiazide-like diuretic (indapamide) is also particularly beneficial in this age group.
Predictors and Components in the Academic Motivation of Nursing Students during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Jordan

Abstract Background: Nursing is a noble profession that aims to care for individuals, families, and communities to achieve optimum health and quality of life. Nurses are the largest constituent of the healthcare team and nursing students’ motivation towards their field of inquiry affects their satisfaction and academic performance. Aim: To examine the academic motivation among nursing students in public universities in Jordan in the context of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in three public universities in Jordan. A total of 437 nursing students in their second, third, or fourth year of study answered a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariant analysis was conducted using SPSS 24. Results: Academic motivation among students from three public universities was below the averages reported in the international literature. Students’ mean scores on the academic motivation scale knowledge was 90.25 out of 196, and the average mean scores for all subscales were just above the midpoint, except for the extrinsic regulation scale, which was 14.57 out of 30. Students reported higher levels of extrinsic motivation. Conclusions: Educators must focus on nursing students’ need for support and consider the development of a curriculum that strengthens student learning and nurtures their internal and external motivation needs.
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Dwarf Novae in the OGLE Data. I. Three New Dwarf Novae: One in the Period Gap and Two Longer Period Objects

We report serendipitous discovery of three new dwarf novae which eruptions in 2010 were observed by the ongoing microlensing survey OGLE-IV. All three objects are located in the Galactic bulge fields observed with the highest cadence of 20 minutes. In the OGLE-III and OGLE-IV data we revealed a total of 23 outbursts for one of the stars. What makes this object most interesting is the derived superhump period of 2.61 h placing it in the orbital period gap. The superhump period changed during the superoutburst with a very short timescale. For two other objects, for which we observed outburst, the orbital periods of 5.4 h and 9.5 h were measured in the quiescence.
The effects of shuttle run and three corner drill on the agility of soccer players in soccer academy

Football is a game that is played by kicking the ball to get the ball into the opponent's goal. The game of soccer requires speed and agility. This study aims to determine the effects of shuttle runs and three corner drills on agility and to compare the effect of those exercises on the agility of twenty soccer players in the Soccer Academy. This experimental research employed the two groups of pretest-posttest design. The population used is a Kalasan soccer academy player with a total of 20 players. The sample used is the entire population and will be divided into two groups with an ordinal pairing technique. The soccer players' agility was assessed using the Illinois agility test in the pretest and post-test. Shuttle run and three corner drill exercises were carried out 16 times (3 times a week). Based on the results of data analysis, the average pretest score of the shuttle run group is 17.99, while the post-test average score is 16.15. Then, the average scores of the three corner drill groups are 18.08 and 16.32, respectively in the pretest and post-test. The pretest and post-test scores of both groups were compared, and the differences are 1.84 seconds for the shuttle run and 1.76 seconds for the three-corner drill. This study concludes that the shuttle run and three corner drill are both significantly effective in improving agility because those exercises are not significantly different, but the shuttle run works better than the three corner drill in improving agility.
THE RELATION BETWEEN LOSS OF A FAMILY MEMBER AND ORAL LICHEN PLANUS IN IRAQI POPULATION

Abstract background Oral lichen planus is common oral mucosal lesions with several predisposing factors, but with poorly identified etiology. Stressor factors could be one of etiological causes for eruption of the lesion and/or a predisposing factor for its appearance, aggravating the excited lesion. The aim of this study to evaluate certain circumstances that were passed on Iraqi population that may be related to elevated OLP incidence in Iraq. Material and method One hundred twenty-nine clinical charts for oral lichen planus patients were taken from oral pathology department college of dentistry university of Baghdad from a period 2009 to 2017. Results Fifty-eight patients only involved in the inclusion criteria of this study, the patients classified according to history associated eruption of the lesion into loss of one family member, trouble associated and both loss and trouble group . The mean age 48.37±12.2 ,the lesion most common in female than male 1.7:1,bilateral involvement of the lesion and mostly on buccal mucosa with slight higher of the red lesions over the reticular making elevated symptoms associated with the lesion mostly the burning sensation . About 65%of the patients presented within one to six months of eruption of the lesion. Conclusion The stressor events affect the age and the symptoms associated with eruption of oral lichen planus lesion.
The Many Faces of the Gas in Centaurus A (NGC 5128)

Abstract Centaurus A (NGC 5128) is ideal for investigating the characteristics and role of gas in an earlytype galaxy in the presence of a radio-loud active nucleus. The different phases of the gas—hot (X-ray), warm (ionized), and cold (H i and molecular)—are all detected in this object and can be studied at very high spatial resolution, due to its proximity. This richness makes Centaurus A truly unique. Spatially, these gas structures span from the pc to the tens of kpc scale. Thus, they allow us to trace very different phenomena, from the formation and evolution of the host galaxy, to the interplay between nuclear activity and interstellar medium and the feeding mechanism of the central black hole. A lot of work has been done to study and understand the characteristics of the gas in this complex object, and the present paper summarizes what has been achieved so far.
Genome Sequencing and Transcriptome Profiling in Twins Discordant for Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome

Objective Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuester-Hauser syndrome is a rare congenital disease manifesting with aplasia or severe hypoplasia of uterine structures. Even though extensive studies have been performed, for the majority of cases the etiology remains unclear. In this study, we sought to identify genetic causes in discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins using genome sequencing of blood of both twins as well as uterine tissue of the affected twin. In addition, we profiled the endometrial transcriptome of affected twins to compare perturbations with those of sporadic MRKH cases. Results First, analyzing the data under the assumption that a variant solely identified in the affected twin or affected tissue could cause the phenotype, we identified a mosaic variant in ACTR3B with a high allele frequency in affected tissue, a low allele frequency in blood of the affected twin and almost absent in the blood of the unaffected twin. Since ACTR3B has not been reported for genitourinary anomalies before, clinical relevance of the variant needs to be clarified. Second, examining the data for candidate genes previously implied in MRKH, we detected a pathogenic variant in GREB1L in one twin pair and their unaffected mother showing a reduced phenotypic penetrance. Furthermore, two variants of unknown clinical significance in PAX8 and WNT9B were identified. Analysis for copy number and structural variants revealed no discordant variants in the twins or variants in candidate genes or regions. Third, we conducted transcriptome analysis of affected tissue and observed widespread perturbations largely similar to those in sporadic MRKH cases. These shared transcriptional changes were enriched for terms associated with estrogen and its receptors pointing at a key role of estrogen in MRKH pathology. Conclusion Our study on genome sequencing of blood and uterine tissue of discordant twins is the most extensive study performed on twins discordant for MRKH so far. Nevertheless, no clear pathogenic differences in the twins or between blood and tissue samples were detected. This points towards a more complex etiology of MRKH less dependent on genetic differences and more determined by epigenetic changes or environmental factors. Our transcriptome data showed a clear overlap with gene expression data of sporadic MRKH cases, indicating that the etiology for MRKH in discordant twins and sporadic cases is largely similar.
Non-thermal laser induced precession of magnetization in ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As

Non-thermal laser induced spin excitations, recently discovered in conventional oxide and metal ferromagnets, open unprecedented opportunities for research and applications of ultrafast optical manipulation of magnetic systems. Ferromagnetic semiconductors, and (Ga,Mn)As in particular, should represent ideal systems for exploring this new field. Remarkably, the presence of non-thermal effects has remained one of the outstanding unresolved problems in the research of ferromagnetic semiconductors to date. Here we demonstrate that coherent magnetization dynamics can be excited in (Ga,Mn)As non-thermally by a transfer of angular momentum from circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses and by a combination of non-thermal and thermal effects due to a transfer of energy from laser pulses. The thermal effects can be completely suppressed in piezo-electrically controlled samples. Our work is based on pump-and-probe measurements in a large set of (Ga,Mn)As epilayers and on systematic analysis of circular and linear magneto-optical coefficients. We provide microscopic theoretical interpretation of the experimental results.
OUTSIDE–IN SHRINKING OF THE STAR-FORMING DISK OF DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXIES

We have studied multi-band surface brightness profiles of a representative sample of 34 nearby dwarf irregular galaxies. Our data include Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) FUV/NUV, UBV, and Hα and Spitzer 3.6 μm images. These galaxies constitute the majority of the LITTLE THINGS survey (Local Irregulars That Trace Luminosity Extremes—The H i Nearby Galaxy Survey). By modeling the azimuthal averages of the spectral energy distributions with a complete library of star formation histories, we derived the stellar mass surface density distributions and the star formation rate averaged over three different timescales: the recent 0.1 Gyr, 1 Gyr, and a Hubble time. We find that, for ∼80% (27 galaxies) of our sample galaxies, radial profiles (at least in the outer part) at shorter wavelengths, corresponding to younger stellar populations, have shorter disk scale lengths than those at longer wavelengths, corresponding to older stellar populations. This indicates that the star-forming disk has been shrinking. In addition, the radial distributions of the stellar mass surface density are well described as piece-wise exponential profiles, and ∼80% of the galaxies have steeper mass profiles in the outer disk than in the inner region. The steep radial decline of the star formation rate in the outer parts compared to that in the inner disks gives a natural explanation for the down-bending stellar mass surface density profiles. Within the inner disks, our sample galaxies on average have constant ratios of recent star formation rate to stellar mass with radius. Nevertheless, ∼35% (12 galaxies, among which 7 have baryonic mass ≲108 M☉) of the sample exhibit negative slopes across the observed disk, which is in contrast with the so-called inside–out disk growth scenario suggested for luminous spiral galaxies. The tendency of star formation to become concentrated toward the inner disks in low-mass dwarf irregular galaxies is interpreted as a result of their susceptibility to environmental effects and regulation through stellar feedback.
The Use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols and Sugammadex in a Friedreich Ataxia Patient Who Underwent Robotic Surgery: A Case Report of a Patient Who Required No Postoperative Opioids and Was Discharged Home Earlier Than Anticipated

Robotic surgery has shown to have numerous benefits over traditional and laparoscopic surgery, namely, superior precision and improved recovery with shorter hospital stays. However, robotic surgery also presents several issues, including hemodynamic changes related to positioning and the use of pneumoperitoneum. These matters can be problematic in patients with neuromuscular conditions such as Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). Due to a baseline weakened musculature and a higher prevalence of cardiac disease and scoliosis, patients with FRDA may not be as likely to tolerate the cardiopulmonary physiologic changes associated with robotic surgery. Additionally, positioning for robotic surgery can be challenging in FRDA patients who have progressed to spasticity and contractures. To the best of our knowledge, there are no case reports of approaches specifically discussing anesthesia management for robotic surgery in the FRDA patient population. Anesthesia in general must be carefully planned in FRDA patients to allow for the best possible recovery and minimize complications. Due to the underlying neuromuscular compromise seen in these patients, their ability to recover from the pharmacologic and physiologic changes associated with anesthesia can be more difficult. They are prone to sensitivity to opioids, sedatives, and neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) and are less likely to tolerate hemodynamic changes. Our review revealed no literature to suggest the routine use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols in FRDA patients or in patients with neuromuscular disease in general. The use of sugammadex has also been shown to be safe, and literature suggests superiority in both the general population and those with neuromuscular conditions. Our understanding is that there is very limited literature in regard to the safe use of sugammadex in FRDA patients.
The Case of Substitutions in Adult Aphasia and in Typical Acquisition of French: revisiting Element Theory

The starting point of this paper is Jakobson's proposal (1968) that a parallel can be drawn between the phonological system in acquisition and aphasia. In this paper, we discuss the evidence that the observation of this parallel between acquisition and speech pathology can help achieve a new definition of complexity for the architecture of the French phonological system. We will explore the substitution errors for place of articulations deployed by French children and adult participants with aphasia. To explain these phenomena, we argue that Element Theory (Kaye, Lowenstamm and Vergnaud (1985), Harris (1994), Harris and Lindsey (1995), Scheer (1999), Backley and Nasukawa (2008), Cyran (2010) and Backley (2011)) can provide a direct measure of complexity and markedness. For these reasons, we will investigate how data can furnish new points of view on Element Theory. Then we will explore and evaluate this theoretical framework. We conclude that substitutions result from adjustments and parameter-setting in the underlying structure of language.
Screening and validation of nickel ion cytotoxicity biomarkers based on transcriptomic and proteomic technology

Abstract The aim of this study was to screen cytotoxicity biomarkers of nickel ions (Ni2+) using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches combined with molecular biology validation. First, the MTT method was used to evaluate cytotoxicity in L929 cells treated with Ni2+ at different concentrations. Ni2+ at both 100 μM and 200 μM affected cell proliferation. Then, transcriptomic and proteomic technology was used to study the effects of Ni2+ on the expression of genes/proteins in cells. It was found that 1490, 789, 652 and 729 genes (12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively) and 177, 2191 and 2095 proteins (12, 24 and 48 h, respectively) were differentially expressed after treatment with 100 μM Ni2+. In total, 1403, 963, 916 and 1230 genes (12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively) and 83, 1681 and 2398 proteins (12, 24 and 48 h, respectively) were differentially expressed after treatment with 200 μM Ni2+. Then, four target gene/protein biomarkers were filtered by combined screening using gene/proteomic experimental data and biological pathway analyses. Further expression level validation of all these target biomarkers and functional validation of selected gene/protein biomarkers were carried out, and a final gene/protein biomarker (UQCRB) was identified.