Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Key Role of Sport Policies for the Popularity of Women’s Sports: A Case Study on Women’s Soccer in Germany

Athletic success in women’s sports, in particular in women’s soccer, is strongly linked to macrolevel gender equality within societies. There is also evidence that macrolevel gender equality matters for sport consumption. This study explored the role of mesolevel institutions for the popularity of women’s soccer. The example of reunified Germany illustrates that macrolevel gender equality might be less important for the popularity of women’s sport than mesolevel gender equality, that is, policy priorities adopted by sport associations and other actors involved in sport policymaking. The study comes with practical implications for the future popularity of women’s soccer.
The Principe Thrush Turdus xanthorhynchus: a newly split, 'Critically Endangered', forest flagship species

Summary Recently recognised as specifically distinct, the Pro´ncipe Thrush Turdus xanthorhynchus is endemic to the island of Pro´ncipe in the Gulf of Guinea, West Africa. Formerly treated as conspecific with the more abundant T. olivaceofuscus from the nearby island of Sao Tome ´, the Pro´ncipe Thrush is considered rare and likely to be restricted to primary rainforest. A 2007 survey of Pro´ncipe comprising 177 point transect locations covering 13 sites under different land uses (six in primary forest, three in secondary forest and four in plantations) encountered 18 individuals. Thrushes were found only in primary rainforest, where overall densities were 0.10 birds ha 1 , equating to a population size of 435 individuals (95% confidence intervals: 208-913). We adjusted this estimate to take into account the fact that the highest density (0.22 birds ha 1 ) only occurred above 600 m, giving a final estimated population size of only 364 birds (95% confidence intervals: 186-887). In light of evidence of recent declines, possibly driven by hunting pressure, in the number of mature individuals and the limited area of occurrence of the species, the IUCN Red List category for the Pro´ncipe Thrush should be 'Critically Endangered' under both criteria B1a+b(iii and v) and C2a(ii). The recent designation of the primary forests of south- ern Pro´ncipe as a protected area (Parque Natural d'Obodo Pro´ncipe) provides an opportunity for the conservation of this newly described species, which we recommend is used as a flagship for the forests as a whole.
A macroecological perspective of diversity patterns in the freshwater realm

SUMMARY 1. The aim of this paper is to review literature on species diversity patterns of freshwater organisms and underlying mechanisms at large spatial scales. 2. Some freshwater taxa (e.g. dragonflies, fish and frogs) follow the classical latitudinal decline in regional species richness (RSR), supporting the patterns found for major terrestrial and marine organism groups. However, the mechanisms causing this cline in most freshwater taxa are inadequately understood, although research on fish suggests that energy and history are major factors underlying the patterns in total species and endemic species richness. Recent research also suggests that not all freshwater taxa comply with the decline of species richness with latitude (e.g. stoneflies, caddisflies and salamanders), but many taxa show more complex geographical patterns in across-regions analyses. These complexities are even more profound when studies of global, continental and regional extents are compared. For example, clear latitudinal gradients may be present in regional studies but absent in global studies (e.g. macrophytes). 3. Latitudinal gradients are often especially weak in the across-ecosystems analyses, which may be attributed to local factors overriding the effects of large-scale factors on local communities. Nevertheless, local species richness (LSR) is typically linearly related to RSR (suggesting regional effects on local diversity), although saturating relationships have also been found in some occasions (suggesting strong local effects on diversity). Nestedness has often been found to be significant in freshwater studies, yet this pattern is highly variable and generally weak, suggesting also a strong beta diversity component in freshwater systems. 4. Both geographical location and local environmental factors contribute to variation in alpha diversity, nestedness and beta diversity in the freshwater realm, although the relative importance of these two groups of explanatory variables may be contingent on the spatial extent of the study. The mechanisms associated with spatial and environmental control of community structure have also been inferred in a number of studies, and most support has been found for species sorting (possibly because many freshwater studies have species sorting as their starting point), although also dispersal limitation and mass effects may be contributing to the patterns found. 5. The lack of latitudinal gradients in some freshwater taxa begs for further explanations. Such explanations may not be gained for most freshwater taxa in the near future, however, because we lack species-level information, floristic and faunistic knowledge, and standardised surveys along extensive latitudinal gradients. A challenge for macroecology
Assessment of genetic diversity in khirni [Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard]: An important underutilized fruit species of India using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers

Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard (khirni), is an important underutilized fruit species from western and central India with high potential as commercial horticultural crop. Agro-morphological characters and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic variability in 23 diverse accessions of this species. Fifteen RAPD primers were used which generated a total of 119 bands, out of which, 103 bands (78%) were polymorphic revealing substantial genetic diversity within this species. Similarity value among all the M. hexandra accessions ranged from 0.52 to 0.82 with an average of 0.68. Dendrogram of 23 accessions revealed two main clusters. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) also showed almost similar grouping patterns with the dendrogram. The results obtained from morphological and RAPD analyseis indicated the presence of substantial genetic diversity among the khirni genotypes. The out-crossing nature of this species is responsible for the presence of high level of genetic diversity providing rich genepool for selecting genotypes with desirable characters for commercial exploitation. The most promising accessions identified based on desired horticultural attributes and RAPD analysis were IC-552938, IC-552940, IC-552918 and IC-552953. These accessions needs to be further evaluated and could be used either as direct selections or in the improvement of this fruit species.
Social class, economic capital and the Swedish, German and Danish asylum systems

As groups of forcibly displaced people have moved to the spotlight of public debate in Europe, they are also being targeted by multiple welfare state interventions in many countries. This book analyses the tensions that emerge within strong welfare states when faced with large migration flows. It also interrogates the phenomenon of the 2015 'refugee crisis' and its foreplay and aftermath in the context of Northern Europe and challenges the notion of crisis as a feature of contemporary realities. With an eye to the daily strategies and experiences of newly settled populations, the different chapters tackle the roles of actors such as state agencies, civil society organizations, media discourses or welfare policies in shaping those experiences. Contributions are included from several academic disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, history, political science and cultural studies. (Less)
Flesh Color Inheritance and Gene Interactions among Canary Yellow, Pale Yellow, and Red Watermelon

Two loci, C and i-C, were previously reported to determine flesh colors between canary yellow and red watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Recently, lycopene b-cyclase (LCYB) was found as a color determinant gene for canary yellow (C) and a codominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker was developed to identify canary yellow and red alleles. The inhibitor of canary yellow (i-C), as reported in a previous work, was not detected in our original family derived from a cross between canary yellow and red parents. To identify additional genetic determinants such as i-C, we prepared a new family using 'Yellow Doll' (canary yellow) and 'Sweet Princess' (red), which was reported to carry the inhibitor gene i-C as parents. A new distinct class of flesh color, pale yellow, was identified in the progeny from the new canary yellow · red cross. The predominant carotenoid in canary yellow and pale yellow phenotypes was neoxanthin, followed by violaxanthin and neochrome; pale yellow contained less total carotenoids, but had more minor carotenoids compared with canary yellow. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test indicated that there are two genes involved in determining flesh color among canary yellow, pale yellow, and red, but the segregation pattern did not fit the pattern as reported for an i-C gene. When the genotype of the family 'Yellow Doll' · 'Sweet Princess' was analyzed with our LCYB CAPS marker, the flesh color of every individual perfectly cosegregated with the marker. The new pale yellow phenotype also cosegregated with the marker linked to the C allele, indicating that the recessive py phenotype (pale yellow) must carry at least one of the C alleles for expression. Therefore, we propose to designate py for a pale yellow determinant along with C as a canary yellow determinant. A homozygous recessive py gene resulted in pale yellow flesh color in the presence of a dominant C.
Comparative metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by liver microsomes of channel catfish and brown bullhead

We investigated the metabolism of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) by liver microsomes of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) pretreated with 3‐methylcholanthrene. The catfish liver microsomes metabolized BaP at a considerably lower rate than did the brown bullhead liver microsomes. Although the BaP metabolites produced by the liver microsomes of the two species were qualitatively similiar, there were considerable differences in the relative proportions of individual metabolites formed. The catfish liver microsomes produced a considerably lower proportion of benzo‐ring diols of BaP including BaP‐7,8‐diol (the proximate carcinogenic metabolite of BaP) than did the bullhead liver microsomes. Compared to the bullhead liver microsomes, the catfish microsomes converted a higher proportion of BaP to phenolic metabolites.
Antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of Echium species from different geographical locations of Iran.

Iranian Echium species (Boraginaceae), popularly known as "Gol-e-Gavzaban" are native plants that some of them have been used widely as food and traditional medicine since long times. In this work organs from different populations of two Iranian Echium species were collected from their natural locations in order to analyze their phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Hydroalcoholic extracts of organs were assessed for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). 1, 1- Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were also used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the extracts. Among the examined organs, leaves of E. amoenum (Hezar Jarib location) contained the highest (119.50 ± 2.00 mg GAE/g DW) TPC, followed by seeds of E. italicum L. (Alamute Qazvin location) (117.91 ± 7.29 mg GAE/g DW). Seeds of E. amoenum (Ramsar location) showed the highest (62.17 ± 3.59 mg QE/g DW) TFC value. All extracts also exerted antioxidant properties, the most active one was the seed extract of E. amoenum (Behshahr location) which contained the highest free radical scavenging effect (76.67 ± 0.33%) and the highest FRAP value (20.88 ± 0.72 mg GAE/g DW). The study revealed that phenolic compounds may be the main contributors to the antioxidant activity of some organs of Echium plants and they could be explored as potent natural antioxidants in the future. Correlative effects of altitude and precipitation, as two important environmental factors on the content of phenolics were also investigated. Results showed that the patterns of phenolic and flavonoids contents in the different organs of Echium plants were differently affected by two environmental factors.
Domain Adversarial Transfer Network for Cross-Domain Fault Diagnosis of Rotary Machinery

Recently, deep learning-based intelligent fault diagnosis techniques have obtained good classification performance with amount of supervised training data. However, domain shift problem between the training and testing data usually occurs due to variation in operating conditions and interferences of environment noise. Transfer learning provides a promising tool for handling the cross-domain diagnosis problems by leveraging knowledge from the source domain to help learning in the target domain. Most existing studies attempt to learn both domain features in a common feature space to reduce the domain shift, which are not optimal on specific discriminative tasks and can be limited to small shifts. This article proposes a novel domain adversarial transfer network (DATN), exploiting task-specific feature learning networks and domain adversarial training techniques for handling large distribution discrepancy across domains. First, two asymmetric encoder networks integrating deep convolutional neural networks are designed for learning hierarchical representations from the source domain and target domain. Then, the network weights learned in source tasks are transferred to improve training on target tasks. Finally, domain adversarial training with inverted label loss is introduced to minimize the difference between source and target distributions. To validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in the presence of large domain shifts, two fault data sets from different test rigs are investigated, and different fault severities, compound faults, and data contaminated by noise are considered. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves the average accuracy of 96.45% on the bearing data set and 98.92% on the gearbox data set, which outperforms other algorithms.
Debating the greening vs. browning of the North American boreal forest: differences between satellite datasets

A number of remote sensing studies have evaluated the temporal trends of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI or vegetation greenness) in the North American boreal forest during the last two decades, often getting quite different results. To examine the effect that the use of different datasets might be having on the estimated trends, we compared the temporal trends of recently burned and unburned sites of boreal forest in central Canada calculated from two datasets: the Global Inventory, Monitoring, and Modeling Studies (GIMMS), which is the most commonly used 8 km dataset, and a new 1 km dataset developed by the Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS). We compared the NDVI trends of both datasets along a fire severity gradient in order to evaluate the variance in regeneration rates. Temporal trends were calculated using the seasonal Mann–Kendall trend test, a rank‐based, nonparametric test, which is robust against seasonality, nonnormality, heteroscedasticity, missing values, and serial dependence. The results showed contrasting NDVI trends between the CCRS and the GIMMS datasets. The CCRS dataset showed NDVI increases in all recently burned sites and in 50% of the unburned sites. Surprisingly, the GIMMS dataset did not capture the NDVI recovery in most burned sites and even showed NDVI declines in some burned sites one decade after fire. Between 50% and 75% of GIMMS pixels showed NDVI decreases in the unburned forest compared with <1% of CCRS pixels. Being the most broadly used dataset for monitoring ecosystem and carbon balance changes, the bias towards negative trends in the GIMMS dataset in the North American boreal forest has broad implications for the evaluation of vegetation and carbon dynamics in this region and globally.
Post-release non-target monitoring of Mogulones cruciger, a biological control agent released to control Cynoglossum officinale in Canada

Summary Non-target effects of approved biological control agents have raised questions about the safety of biological control of weeds and resulted in an increased emphasis on monitoring and reporting of non-target effects as part of post-release assessments. This is particularly important in the case of the root-mining weevil Mogulones cruciger (Herbst), which was approved in Canada to control houndstongue, Cynoglossum officinale L. , but not in the United States because of concerns over its environmental safety. To address these concerns and the potential for non-target effects, we monitored co-occurring confamilial Boraginaceae species at six M. cruciger release sites in Alberta and British Columbia over two years. All four co-occurring species were attacked by the weevil to varying degrees although attack was inconsistent between years and sites, and non-targets were mostly attacked to a lesser degree than houndstongue. There was a positive relationship between the probability of non-target attack and houndstongue attack rate by M. cruciger indicating potential spillovers and early evidence suggests non-target attack may be transitory. The comparison between the pre- and post-release evaluations and preliminary plant volatile, electroantennogram, and host-choice behaviour data suggest that chemical ecology may provide an important tool in understanding an insect’s host-choice selection in pre-release host-specificity assessments.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Oyo State Health Care Worker’s Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Background: Health workers are at the front line of the COVID-19 outbreak response and as such are exposed to hazards that put them at risk of infection. Poor knowledge among HCWs and inadequate infection control practices may lead to the increased risk of COVID-19 nosocomial transmission. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of Oyo state health care workers on COVID-19 as part of emergency preparedness. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional survey was conducted in selected health facilities in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 350 HCWs were assessed for the knowledge, attitudes and practices on COVID-19 using a semi-structured questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify predictors of good knowledge at 95% confidence interval with Epi-info software. Results: The level of good knowledge on COVID-19 was 78.6% and positive attitude was 64% among the respondents. Majority of respondents practice safe measures in the prevention of COVID-19 including washing of hands (95.3%), routine cleaning (82.7%) and high-level disinfection (83.9%). However, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was low (56.8%). Predictors of good knowledge on COVID-19 were being a female HCW [Adjusted Odd’s Ratio (AOR) = 6.5 95% CI 1.0 - 17.2], ≥10 years length in service [AOR = 5.2 95% CI 2.7 - 18.9] and being a secondary or tertiary facility [AOR = 3.6 95%CI 1.7 - 32.2]. Conclusions: Overall knowledge and attitude were satisfactory however the practices of HCWs on the use of personal protective equipment were not satisfactory. Effective infection control measures including regular skill-based training and/or orientation for all categories of HCWs can improve infection control practices in health facilities.
Picornavirus Identified in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains: A Pathogenic Path?

We investigated formalin-fixed postmortem brain tissue from the hippocampus region of 18 AD cases and 11 age-matched controls using a polyclonal antibody against Ljungan virus (LV) capsid protein 1. Evidence of a LV antigen was found in all AD cases but in none of the control specimens (p < 0.0001). The antibodies reacted with neurons and astrocytes and also showed distinct positive reaction in the amyloid/neuritic plaques. The possible role of an incompletely characterized picornavirus as the etiologic agent in AD open up the possibility of treatment with antiviral therapy directed against picornaviruses. The positive result of such treatment in a small number of patients is presented separately back to back to this report.
Demography and allometry of Cecropia obtusifolia, a neotropical pioneer tree - an evaluation of the climax-pioneer paradigm for tropical rain forests

Summary 1. Demography and allometry of the dioecious tree Cecropia obtusifolia were studied in a 5-ha permanent plot at Los Tuxtlas rain forest, Mexico. Treefall gaps were aged and a significant positive correlation was found between gap age and tree size. Active regeneration of the species was suggested by the high proportion (>35%) of young individuals. The population was highly clumped among young juvenile trees and became less aggregated as density within-gaps decreased among older trees. New and successful recruitment was restricted to recently formed ( 100-M2) gaps. Oldest individuals (35 m high) were growing in 37-year-old gaps. 2. Tree height and stem diameter increased allometrically with a slope 0-3 m tall. The margin between the actual tree diameter (d) and the theoretical minimum buckling diameter (dmin.) declined exponentially from c. 20 in juvenile trees to almost 1 in the oldest trees (>30 years old). Whilst the number of leaves remains fairly constant before branching, it increases linearly as the number of branches increase. Changes in area per leaf during the life cycle yield an overall allometric pattern between tree height and total leaf area. 3. Seed and seedling mortality was >99%. Reduced light, falling debris, movement of rotting logs and soil dryness were important mortality factors in pre-reproductive stages. Oldest adults died standing, apparently due to senescence. Maximum life expectancy is reached when trees attain a non-suppressed canopy position (c. 20 m high). Individuals showed high growth rates (a stem-diameter increment of up to 2 cm year-1). Growth-rate variation in juvenile stages seem to be related to high environmental heterogeneity. In adult stages the number of conspecifics growing in the same gap seems to affect diameter growth rate negatively. First reproduction occured at about 3 years of age (when 10 cm in diameter) and increased with age. Annual fecundity rates of individuals ranged from 1-4 x 104 to 1-4 x 107 seeds and increased allometrically with stem diameter and number of branches. 4. The most important environmental filter in the life-cycle of C. obtusifolia operates from the seedling to the juvenile stage. This finding does not support the suggestion that pioneer limitation to gap regeneration is determined during germination. The allometric and demographic traits of C. obtusifolia correspond to those expected for a shade-intolerant species that colonizes ephemeral sites, and they contrast with those of purported shade-tolerant tree species reported in the literature. However, rather than finding two clearly distinguishable types of lifehistories, a continuum of demographic life-cycles was found. Therefore, the dichotomous pioneer-climax framework should be viewed as a means of identifying the extremes of a continuum of tree life histories.