Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of multi agent based decentralised energy management issues

This paper proposes the concept of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) management, based on dynamic clustering of energy resources for better coordination of supply and demand. A review on load profiling and forecasting mechanisms is provided which to be utilised in building knowledge, needed for local and global coordination. To avoid large scale complexities, a decentralised control approach with Multi Agent System (MAS) is deployed. A review on MAS technologies and their application in power system is presented. With MAS we provide a framework for designing producer, consumer and cluster agents. These agents further negotiate Service Level Agreements for managing supply and demand and optimally utilizing the energy resources.
Light propagation characteristics in metal-dielectric optical nanocables

In this paper we investigate the field propagation characteristic in new type new optical waveguides, made of glasses and noble metals. The proposed waveguide, having nanosize cross-section, supports propagation of modes with unusual propagation properties. The propagation speed, attenuation and field localization of those modes will be present. The proportional reducing of the coaxial scale have been investigated. The results of this demagnification will be discussed. The comparatively low value of losses will be explained.
DERIVATION OF THE YOUNG'S AND SHEAR MODULI OFSINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES THROUGH A COMPUTATIONAL HOMOGENIZATION APPROACH

In this study, the computation of the traction-torsion-bending behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is investigated. A structural mechanics model is used to describe the response of the nanotube; the atomic interactions are represented with 3D beams. Nanotubes are slender structures, taking benefit from their axial periodicity or helical symmetry. Homogenization theory is used to obtain their overall beam behavior from the solution of basic cell problems. These problems are solved through a finite element approach and involve concise models, whatever the SWCNT type. The computed results show that the bending behavior appears to be decoupled from the axial one and independent of the moment direction. Young's and shear moduli are derived, and it is shown that the Young's moduli are very close in traction and bending. Comparisons with the data in the literature reveal good agreements. Finally, scale effects are studied, and the moduli of the SWCNTs are compared to those of the graphene, thus demonstrating mechanical sensitivity to curvature.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE LIGHT AND DARK FERMENTATIONS OF ORGANIC ACIDS BY RHODOSPIRILLUM RUBRUM

The photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum, rapidly ferments pyruvic acid and dicarboxylic acids in the light, with the formation of CO2, H2, and other products as yet unidentified (Gest, Kamen, and Bregoff, 1950). Evolution of H, in the presence of these substrates is a light-dependent reaction that is completely suppressed by molecular nitrogen and ammonium salts. These observations suggest that the photochemically liberated H2 is derived from an intermediate carrier that is also functional as a hydrogen donor in the process of nitrogen reduction. Molecular hydrogen is a commonly observed product in the fermentative metabolism of various heterotrophic bacteria. In a number of these cases, it appears that formic acid is produced as an intermediate and that H, is formed from this compound as a result of hydrogenlyase activity. In other instances, formic acid is not attacked by organisms capable of liberating H2 from more complex compounds. This suggests the existence of another mechanism of H, formation (Stephenson, 1947). Although the evolution of H2 by R. rubrum appears to be light-dependent, it is evident that the H2 may be produced by dark reactions from a precursor that is formed only as the result of photochemical activity. It is consequently necessary to determine the nature of the fermentative metabolism of R. rubrum in the dark as well as in the light before a comparison of light-dependent and heterotrophic H2 production can be attempted. In the present studies, the anaerobic decomposition of several organic acids by R. rubrum in the light and in the dark has been investigated from this point of view.
Parametric studies of friction stir welding by commercial fluid dynamics simulation

In previous work, some of the authors have demonstrated that a 2-D model using a commercial fluid dynamics (CFD) code and an appropriate user defined viscosity law can accurately capture many of the trends observed in friction stir welding (FSW). The fully thermo-mechanically coupled simulations may be run in a few hours on a PC based system. The low computational cost for this model enables rapid assessment of the effects of various material properties and the criticality of inclusion or exclusion of some property details. In the present study, the effects of varying material properties and process parameters, on the trends in x-axis forces and potential weld defect formation (via material flow pattern) are studied. The model trends are compared to experimental observation wherever possible.
A Novel Face Segmentation Algorithm from a Video Sequence for Real-Time Face Recognition

The first step in an automatic face recognition system is to localize the face region in a cluttered background and carefully segment the face from each frame of a video sequence. In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient algorithm for segmenting a face suitable for recognition from a video sequence. The cluttered background is first subtracted from each frame, in the foreground regions, a coarse face region is found using skin colour. Then using a dynamic template matching approach the face is efficiently segmented. The proposed algorithm is fast and suitable for real-time video sequence. The algorithm is invariant to large scale and pose variation. The segmented face is then handed over to a recognition algorithm based on principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. The online face detection, segmentation, and recognition algorithms take an average of 0.06 second on a 3.2 GHz P4 machine.
Study on pneumatic wall climbing robot adhesion principle and suction control

This paper presents a new taxonomy for wall climbing robots, among which 1-NP and NPT methods with continuous and rapid locomotion are studied emphatically. It analyses in depth operating principles of fluid machineries that the two methods use, and points out the two's difference in structure as well as merits and drawbacks in performance. Then it builds dynamic models for elements in 1-NP method's suction closed-loop control system, comes up with control algorithm, and shows simulation results and discussion. Finally conclusion is given and future direction is prospected.
Inorganic–organic hybrid materials through post-synthesis modification: Impact of the treatment with azides on the mesopore structure

Hybrid, hierarchically organized, monolithic silica gels, comprising periodically arranged mesopores and a cellular macroscopic network, have been prepared through a co-condensation reaction of tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)orthosilicate with chloromethyl-trimethoxysilane or 3-(chloropropyl)-triethoxysilane. Subsequent conversion of the chloro groups into azido groups, by nucleophilic substitution with NaN3 in N,N-dimethylformamide, was conducted upon preservation of the monolithic structure. However, treatment with NaN3 had a strong influence on the structure in the mesoporous regime, with changes such as an increase of mesopore diameter, pore volume and lattice constants, as well as a concomitant decrease of the pore wall thickness, as confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption analysis. Similar effects were observed for unmodified silica gels by simple ageing in azide-containing media, whether a relatively small or a sterically demanding counter ion (Na+ or (H3C)4N+) was used. The structural modification did not seem to depend greatly on whether an organic aprotic solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone) or a protic solvent that can form hydrogen bonds, such as water, was used.
Hybrid Oracle: Making Use of Ambiguity in Transition-based Chinese Dependency Parsing

In the training of transition-based dependency parsers, an oracle is used to predict a transition sequence for a sentence and its gold tree. However, the transition system may exhibit ambiguity, that is, there can be multiple correct transition sequences that form the gold tree. We propose to make use of the property in the training of neural dependency parsers, and present the Hybrid Oracle. The new oracle gives all the correct transitions for a parsing state, which are used in the cross entropy loss function to provide better supervisory signal. It is also used to generate different transition sequences for a sentence to better explore the training data and improve the generalization ability of the parser. Evaluations show that the parsers trained using the hybrid oracle outperform the parsers using the traditional oracle in Chinese dependency parsing. We provide analysis from a linguistic view. The code is available at this https URL .
Behaviour Abstraction Coverage as Black-Box Adequacy Criteria

Code artefacts that have non-trivial requirements with respect to the ordering in which their methods or procedures ought to be called are common and appear, for instance, in the form of API implementations and objects. Testing such code artefacts to gain confidence in that they conform to their intended protocols is an important and challenging problem. In this paper we propose and study experimentally conformance testing adequacy criteria based on covering an abstraction of the intended behavior's semantics. Thus, the criteria are independent of the specification language and structure used to describe the intended protocol and the language used to implement it. As a consequence the results may be of use to black box conformance testing approaches in general. Experimental results show that the criterion is a good predictor for conformance failure detection and for classical structural coverage criteria such as code and branch coverage.
Severity and burden of hand, foot and mouth disease in Asia: a modelling study

Background Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) affects millions of children across Asia annually, leading to an increase in implemented control policies such as surveillance, isolation and social distancing in affected jurisdictions. However, limited knowledge of disease burden and severity causes difficulty in policy optimisation as the associated economic cost cannot be easily estimated. We use a data synthesis approach to provide a comprehensive picture of HFMD disease burden, estimating infection risk, symptomatic rates, the risk of complications and death, and overall disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) losses, along with associated uncertainties. Methods Complementary data from a variety of sources were synthesised with mathematical models to obtain estimates of severity of HFMD. This includes serological and other data extracted through a systematic review of HFMD epidemiology previously published by the authors, and laboratory investigations and sentinel reports from Singapore’s surveillance system. Results HFMD is estimated to cause 96 900 (95% CI 40 600 to 259 000) age-weighted DALYs per annum in eight high-burden countries in East and Southeast Asia, with the majority of DALYs attributed to years of life lost. The symptomatic case hospitalisation rate of HFMD is 6% (2.8%–14.9%), of which 18.7% (6.7%–31.5%) are expected to develop complications. 5% (2.9%–7.4%) of such cases are fatal, bringing the overall case fatality ratio to be 52.3 (24.4–92.7) per 100 000 symptomatic infections. In contrast, the EV-A71 case fatality ratio is estimated to be at least 229.7 (75.4–672.1) per 100 000 symptomatic cases. Asymptomatic rate for EV-A71 is 71.4% (68.3%–74.3%) for ages 1–4, the years of greatest incidence. Conclusion Despite the high incidence rate of HFMD, total DALY due to HFMD is limited in comparison to other endemic diseases in the region, such as dengue and upper respiratory tract infection. With the majority of DALY caused by years of life lost, it is possible to mitigate most with increased EV-A71 vaccine coverage.
Absolute and Attributable Risks of Atrial Fibrillation in Relation to Optimal and Borderline Risk Factors: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Background— Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for stroke and overall mortality, but information about the preventable burden of AF is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine what proportion of the burden of AF in blacks and whites could theoretically be avoided by the maintenance of an optimal risk profile. Methods and Results— This study included 14 598 middle-aged Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort members. Previously established AF risk factors, namely high blood pressure, elevated body mass index, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, and prior cardiac disease, were categorized into optimal, borderline, and elevated levels. On the basis of their risk factor levels, individuals were classified into 1 of these 3 groups. The population-attributable fraction of AF resulting from having a nonoptimal risk profile was estimated separately for black and white men and women. During a mean follow-up of 17.1 years, 1520 cases of incident AF were identified. The age-adjusted incidence rates were highest in white men and lowest in black women (7.45 and 3.67 per 1000 person-years, respectively). The overall prevalence of an optimal risk profile was 5.4% but varied according to race and gender: 10% in white women versus 1.6% in black men. Overall, 56.5% of AF cases could be explained by having ≥1 borderline or elevated risk factors, of which elevated blood pressure was the most important contributor. Conclusion— As with other forms of cardiovascular disease, more than half of the AF burden is potentially avoidable through the optimization of cardiovascular risk factors levels.
Using opinion-based features to boost sentence retrieval

Opinion mining has become recently a major research topic. A wide range of techniques have been proposed to enable opinion-oriented information seeking systems. However, little is known about the ability of opinion-related information to improve regular retrieval tasks. Our hypothesis is that standard retrieval methods might benefit from the inclusion of opinion-based features. A sentence retrieval scenario is a natural choice to evaluate this claim. We propose here a formal method to incorporate some opinion-based features of the sentences as query-independent evidence. We show that this incorporation leads to retrieval methods whose performance is significantly better than the the performance of state of the art sentence retrieval models.
Correcting and improving imitation models of humans for Robosoccer agents

The Robosoccer simulator is a challenging environment, where a human introduces a team of agents into a football virtual environment. Typically, agents are programmed by hand, but it would be a great advantage to transfer human experience into football agents. The first aim of this paper is to use machine learning techniques to obtain models of humans playing Robosoccer. These models can be used later to control a Robosoccer agent. However, models did not play as smoothly and optimally as the human. To solve this problem, the second goal of this paper is to incrementally correct models by means of evolutionary techniques, and to adapt them against more difficult opponents than the ones beatable by the human.
Large scale genomic sequence SVM classifiers

In genomic sequence analysis tasks like splice site recognition or promoter identification, large amounts of training sequences are available, and indeed needed to achieve sufficiently high classification performances. In this work we study two recently proposed and successfully used kernels, namely the Spectrum kernel and the Weighted Degree kernel (WD). In particular, we suggest several extensions using Suffix Trees and modifications of an SMO-like SVM training algorithm in order to accelerate the training of the SVMs and their evaluation on test sequences. Our simulations show that for the spectrum kernel and WD kernel, large scale SVM training can be accelerated by factors of 20 and 4 times, respectively, while using much less memory (e.g. no kernel caching). The evaluation on new sequences is often several thousand times faster using the new techniques (depending on the number of Support Vectors). Our method allows us to train on sets as large as one million sequences.
Parametric Macromodeling for Sensitivity Responses From Tabulated Data

This letter presents a parametric macromodeling technique which accurately describes the parameterized frequency behavior of electromagnetic systems and their corresponding parameterized sensitivity responses with respect to design parameters. The technique is based on the interpolation of a set of state-space matrices with a proper choice of the interpolation scheme, so that parametric sensitivity macromodels can be computed. Pertinent numerical results validate the proposed parametric macromodeling approach.
End-user feature labeling: a locally-weighted regression approach

When intelligent interfaces, such as intelligent desktop assistants, email classifiers, and recommender systems, customize themselves to a particular end user, such customizations can decrease productivity and increase frustration due to inaccurate predictions - especially in early stages, when training data is limited. The end user can improve the learning algorithm by tediously labeling a substantial amount of additional training data, but this takes time and is too ad hoc to target a particular area of inaccuracy. To solve this problem, we propose a new learning algorithm based on locally weighted regression for feature labeling by end users, enabling them to point out which features are important for a class, rather than provide new training instances. In our user study, the first allowing ordinary end users to freely choose features to label directly from text documents, our algorithm was both more effective than others at leveraging end users' feature labels to improve the learning algorithm, and more robust to real users' noisy feature labels. These results strongly suggest that allowing users to freely choose features to label is a promising method for allowing end users to improve learning algorithms effectively.
Autoantibodies by line immunoassay in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVES We attempted to measure multiple autoantibodies simultaneously using line immunoassay (LIA) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with or without anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) and patients with PBC-autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) overlap, and we examined the clinical significance of measuring these autoantibodies. METHODS The study population consisted of 80 patients with PBC (including 12 AMA-negative patients), 16 patients with PBC-AIH overlap and 40 patients with AIH as controls. Nine antibodies (AMA-M2, M2-3E, Sp100, PML, gp210, Ro-52, LKM-1, LC-1 and SLA/LP) were detected by LIA, and AMA-M2 and anti-centromere antibody (ACA) were detected by ELISA. We examined the relationship between these autoantibodies and clinical findings. RESULTS The positive prevalence of each autoantibody and ACA in the PBC group, as determined by LIA, was as follows: 13.8% for anti-Sp100, 8.7% for anti-PML, 40% for anti-gp210 and 27.5% for anti-Ro-52 antibodies and 32.5% for ACA. In the PBC-AIH overlap group, the prevalence of anti-gp210 antibody (68.7%) and that of anti-Ro-52 antibody (81.2%) were significantly higher than those in the PBC and AIH groups. Only a few patients were positive for 2 or more autoantibodies. Nine patients were determined to be negative for all autoantibodies by LIA, of whom 7 were positive for ACA. Patients positive for anti-gp210 antibody included more patients classified as stage 4 on histology than did the negative group. Those positive for ACA included more patents with varices than did the negative group. CONCLUSION LIA can measure multiple autoantibodies simultaneously and thus is considered useful in diagnosing PBC and PBC-AIH overlap. In addition, ACA is a useful marker for identifying AMA-negative PBC.
Decidability of the Equivalence of Multi-Letter Quantum Finite Automata

Multi-letter {\it quantum finite automata} (QFAs) were a quantum variant of classical {\it one-way multi-head finite automata} (J. Hromkovi\v{c}, Acta Informatica 19 (1983) 377-384), and it has been shown that this new one-way QFAs (multi-letter QFAs) can accept with no error some regular languages $(a+b)^{*}b$ that are unacceptable by the previous one-way QFAs. In this paper, we study the decidability of the equivalence of multi-letter QFAs, and the main technical contributions are as follows: (1) We show that any two automata, a $k_{1}$-letter QFA ${\cal A}_1$ and a $k_{2}$-letter QFA ${\cal A}_2$, over the same input alphabet $\Sigma$ are equivalent if and only if they are $(n^2m^{k-1}-m^{k-1}+k)$-equivalent, where $m=|\Sigma|$ is the cardinality of $\Sigma$, $k=\max(k_{1},k_{2})$, and $n=n_{1}+n_{2}$, with $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$ being the numbers of states of ${\cal A}_{1}$ and ${\cal A}_{2}$, respectively. When $k=1$, we obtain the decidability of equivalence of measure-once QFAs in the literature. It is worth mentioning that our technical method is essentially different from that for the decidability of the case of single input alphabet (i.e., $m=1$). (2) However, if we determine the equivalence of multi-letter QFAs by checking all strings of length not more than $ n^2m^{k-1}-m^{k-1}+k$, then the worst time complexity is exponential, i.e., $O(n^6m^{n^2m^{k-1}-m^{k-1}+2k-1})$. Therefore, we design a polynomial-time $O(m^{2k-1}n^{8}+km^kn^{6})$ algorithm for determining the equivalence of any two multi-letter QFAs. Here, the time complexity is concerning the number of states in the multi-letter QFAs, and $k$ is thought of as a constant.
Di-μ-acetato-κ4 O:O-bis{(acetato-κ2 O,O′)bis[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-κN 3)-1-phenylpropan-1-one]cadmium} tetrahydrate

In the molecular structure of the title neutral binuclear complex, [Cd2(C2H3O2)4(C12H12N2O)4]·4H2O, each CdII atom is six-coordinated and exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry. Three O atoms from two acetate ions and one monodentate 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-κN 3)-1-phenylpropan-1-one (L) ligand form the equatorial plane, while the bridging-O atom forming the longer Cd—O distance,and the N atom of the second L ligand, forming the longer Cd—N distance, occupy axial positions with an N—Cd—O angle of 170.77 (7)°. Intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds exist between the lattice water molecules and the acetate ions of adjacent molecules, resulting in a two-dimensional supramolecular structure.