Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Nevzorov Airborne Hot-Wire LWC-TWC Probe: Principle of Operation and Performance Characteristics

The Nevzorov liquid water content (LWC) and total water content (TWC) probe is a constant-temperature, hot-wire probe designed for aircraft measurements of the ice and liquid water content of clouds. The probe consists of two separate sensors for measurements of cloud liquid and total (ice plus liquid) water content. Each sensor consists of a collector and a reference winding. The reference sensors are shielded from impact with cloud particles, specifically to provide an automatic compensation for convective heat losses. This results in a potentially improved sensitivity over uncompensated probes such as the King LWC probe. The Nevzorov probe has been used in four Canadian field experiments on the National Research Council (NRC) Convair580 since 1994. Intercomparison of Nevzorov LWC, TWC, King, and two PMS Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probes show good agreement in liquid clouds, although the Nevzorov probe displays distinct advantages in low-LWC situations due to a more stable baseline. The sensitivity of the probe is estimated to be approximately 0.003‐ 0.005 g m23. The accuracy of LWC measurements in nonprecipitating liquid clouds is estimated as 10%‐15%. Tests at the NRC high-speed icing tunnel have provided verification of the TWC measurement for small frozen droplets to an accuracy of approximately 10%‐20%, but verification in snow and natural ice crystals has not yet been possible due to the absence of any accurate standards. The TWC measurement offers not only the possibility of direct measurements of ice content but also improved liquid water contents in drizzle situations. Airborne measurements have provided data on the baseline drift and sensitivity of the probe and have provided comparisons to other conventional instruments. Several cases have been documented that exhibit the unique capabilities of the instrument to separate the ice and liquid components of supercooled clouds.
New Measurements of the Winds of Uranus

Abstract Hubble Space Telescope imaging of Uranus in 1994, 1997, 1998, and 2000 revealed 13 cloud features, allowing the first measurements of wind velocities at northern latitudes not accessible to the Voyager cameras and new measurements of southern-latitude wind velocities determined during the 1986 Voyager encounter. Images acquired with the Keck 10-meter telescope adaptive optics system in June 2000 also showed some of the same features. Wind speeds inferred from feature motions—along with additional measurements by Karkoschka (1998, Science 280 ) and Voyager measurements (Smith et al . 1986, Science 246 )—indicate a zonal wind profile that is asymmetric with respect to the equator. Small but consistent differences are seen between the newer data and a profile determined from Voyager data: nearly all the newer measurements have slightly slower velocities than expected. We cannot yet determine whether the source of these differences is a slowly changing Uranian wind profile or subtle latitudinal structure in a temporally constant profile. If Uranus' winds vary with time, this may indicate unusual atmospheric dynamics created by the 98° tilt of the planet's rotation axis.
The p(x)-Laplacian and applications

The present article is based on a talk I gave at the National Conference on PDE and Applications in Coimbatore, in March 2005. It includes a general motivation for the function spaces approach to dierential equations, some motivating examples for studying variable exponent spaces, and an overview of results on the p(x)-Laplace equation.
Radio continuum and radio recombination line observations of Sagittarius B2

VLA radio continuum and H110α radio recombination line observations of Srg B2 (G0.7-0.0) are presented with spatial resolutions ranging from 3″ to 20″. The goals of the continuum study were (1) imaging the extended component of Sgr B2. The flux density of this component accounts for ∼50% of the total flux density of the region at 20 cm. (2) examination of the less well studied compact sources of this region. Several shell-like and cometary H II regions were discovered. Physical parameters, such as emission measures and electron densities, were derived.
Predicting Choice of Filtering of Motorized Two Wheelers in Urban Mixed Traffic

Moving through lateral gaps defined by slower vehicles, or “filtering,” is a common characteristic of motorized two wheelers (MTWs) in mixed traffic conditions. Despite its potential benefits such as reduced journey time and emissions, filtering is a critical maneuver, owing to the lesser conspicuity of MTWs and their almost non-existent physical protection from crashes. An in-depth knowledge of filtering behavior is necessary for various theoretical and practical applications. In an attempt to model this distinct driving characteristic of MTWs, this study investigates the filtering interactions of MTWs in urban mixed traffic conditions. Specifically, the behavioral differences between following and filtering interactions were investigated while considering the conditions found in heterogeneous traffic. The choice of filtering was modeled based on multiple factors including spatial parameters and classification parameters. This paper employs a utility-based binary logit model (BLM) and two machine learning (ML) based models: random forest (RF); and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to predict the filtering choice of MTWs in urban mixed traffic. A comparative analysis revealed that, generally if not always, the ML based models (prediction accuracy of RF and ANFIS was 90.07% and 96.02%, respectively) performed better than utility-based models (prediction accuracy of BLM was 80.05%). Owing to the better performance measures of the ANFIS technique, it can be considered a powerful tool for predicting following and filtering choices of MTWs, useful for policy makers designing intelligent transportation systems and microsimulation models.
Inclusion of short-term adaptation to thermal stresses in a heat load warning procedure

It is considered to be very probable that the frequency and intensity of heat waves will increase and that heat waves, such as the one experienced in Europe in 2003, will not remain an exception. Everything goes to suggest that human beings have adapted to their local climate. Extreme events such as heat waves, for example, can, however, cause considerable stress to the thermoregulative processes in the human organism. Heat load warning systems provide a possibility for reducing heat-induced morbidity and mortality. We are presenting a method that, apart from a thermophysiologically relevant evaluation of the environment, also takes into account short-term adaptation processes of human beings to the thermal environment. The forecast method differs from previously used methods in that it is based on a combination of absolute and relative thresholds and thus includes the local adaptation to the thermal conditions of the previous weeks. This is an attempt to give a quantitative description of the mainly qualitative statements in literature on acclimatisation. A further advantage of this method is that, due to the inclusion of relative, i.e. local, conditions, it can, in principle, be applied to all climates.
Exploring crucial social media marketing factors for improving customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in bed and breakfast sectors in Taiwan

Purpose The Bed and Breakfast (B&B) enterprises generally lack sufficient human resources and time to conduct research on important social media marketing factors for visitors’ satisfaction and visitors’ intentions. Therefore, this study aims to provide crucial social media marketing and factors and service quality elements for improving customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in B&B sectors. This study also provides some recommendations for attracting more visitors and increasing customer satisfaction and customer loyalty through social media. Design/methodology/approach First, social media marketing factors and service quality elements were identified through the systematic literature review. Then these identified factors and elements were used to design a survey questionnaire for collecting data. The research data included responses of 64 B&B enterprises and 625 customers. The collected data was analyzed by feature selection approaches including Decision Tree algorithm and Information Gain to identify the key factors for improving customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Findings The findings of this study determined that featured choice is an important social media marketing factor, and assurance is the common service quality element for both B&B enterprises and their customers in terms of satisfaction and loyalty. Originality/value This study adds a value to the growing literature on customer satisfaction and loyalty in B&B sectors by exploring key social media marketing factors and service quality elements. The study reveals several implications for theories and practices. The findings hopefully help B&B enterprises better social media marketing with less workforce and budget.
Electron-phonon Coupling in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Correlated Systems

Over the past 20 years a great deal of progress has been made towards understanding the physics of the high-temperature (high-Tc) cuprate superconductors. Much of the lowenergy physics of these materials appears to be captured by two-dimensional Hubbard or t-J models which have provided significant insight into a number of properties such as the pseudogap, antiferromagnetism and superconductivity itself. However, intrinsically planar models are unable to account for the large variations in Tc observed across materials nor do they capture the electron-phonon (el-ph) interaction, the importance of which a number of experimental probes now indicate. This thesis examines the el-ph interaction in cuprates using a combination of analytical and numerical techniques. Starting from the microscopic mechanism for coupling to in-plane and c-axis polarized oxygen phonons, the theory of el-ph coupling is presented. The el-ph self-energy is derived in the context of Migdal-Eliashberg theory and then applied to understanding the detailed temperature and doping dependence of the renormalizations observed by Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The qualitative signatures of el-boson coupling in the density of states of a d-wave superconductor are also examined on general grounds and a model calculation is presented for el-ph coupling signatures in the density of states. Following this, the theory is extended to include the effects of screening and the consequences of this theory are explored. Due to the quasi-2D nature of the cuprates, screening is found to anomalously enhance the el-ph contribution to d-wave pairing. This result is then considered in light of the material and doping dependence of Tc and a framework for understanding the materials variations in Tc is presented. From these studies, a detailed picture of the role of the el-ph interaction in the doped cuprates emerges where the interaction, working in conjunction with a dominant pairing interaction, provides much of the materials variations in Tc observed across the cuprate families. Turning towards numerical techniques, small cluster calculations are presented which examine the effects of a local oxygen dopant in an otherwise ideal Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ crystal. Here, it is demonstrated that the dopant locally enhances electronic properties such as the antiferromagnetic exchange energy J via local el-ph coupling to planar local oxygen vibrations. Finally, in an effort to extend the scope of this work to the underdoped region of the phase diagram, an examination of the properties of the single-band Hubbard and Hubbard-Holstein model is carried out using Determinant Quantum Monte Carlo. Here focus is placed on the spectral properties of the model as well as the competition between the the antiferromagnetic and charge-density-wave orders. As with the small cluster calculations, a strong interplay between the magnetic and lattice properties is observed.
INTERMEDIATE-VELOCITY MOLECULAR GAS AT HIGH NORTHERN GALACTIC LATITUDES

We surveyed the CO(1–0) transition in 16 regions at Galactic latitudes >45° which contain compact dust cores less than half a degree in size with E(B − V) values ∼ 0.1 mag. We discovered three new intermediate-velocity molecular clouds and two high-latitude molecular clouds with more typical local standard of rest velocity (∼0 km s−1). The three intermediate-velocity molecular clouds (detected in CO emission in 11 lines of sight) nearly double the number of previously known, CO-emitting clouds. In order to detect the CO(1–0) line, N(H2) values of at least 1019 cm−2 are necessary, implying that the molecular/atomic fraction of these objects is significant and is in contrast to the primarily atomic lines of sight with log N(H2) < 17.3 detected in absorption by FUSE. The three molecular clouds are projected on and likely associated with a previously known intermediate-velocity H i feature known as the Intermediate Velocity Spur that may extend to the Galactic halo.
A Detailed Evaluation of GPCP 1° Daily Rainfall Estimates over the Mississippi River Basin

Abstract This study provides an intensive evaluation of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) 1° daily (1DD) rainfall products over the Mississippi River basin, which covers 435 1° latitude × 1° longitude grids for the period of January 1997–December 2000 using radar-based precipitation estimates. The authors’ evaluation criteria include unconditional continuous, conditional (quasi) continuous, and categorical statistics, and their analyses cover annual and seasonal time periods. The authors present spatial maps that reflect the results for the 1° grids and a summary of the results for three selected regions. They also develop a statistical framework that partitions the GPCP–radar difference statistics into GPCP error and radar error statistics. They further partition the GPCP error statistics into sampling error and retrieval error statistics and estimate the sampling error statistics using a data-based resampling experiment. Highlights of the results include the following: 1) the GPCP 1DD .
Cooperative Trajectory Generation Using Pythagorean Hodograph Bézier Curves

This paper presents a cooperative trajectory-generation framework to efficiently compute a set of spatial trajectories for a team of cooperating vehicles: in particular, for unmanned aerial vehicles. The desired, feasible trajectories are generated using Pythagorean Hodograph Bezier curves, satisfy stringent spatial and temporal constraints, do not violate the dynamic constraints of the vehicles, and guarantee spatial deconfliction between the trajectories for safe operation. A multivehicle mission scenario is presented to show the efficacy of the proposed cooperative trajectory-generation framework.
Language proficiency modulates listeners’ selective attention to a talker’s mouth: A conceptual replication of Birulés et al. (2020)

Abstract This study presents a conceptual replication of Birulés et al.’s (2020, Experiment 2) investigation of native and nonnative listeners’ selective attention to a talker’s mouth with the goal of better understanding the potentially modulating role of proficiency in listeners’ reliance on audiovisual speech cues. Listeners’ eye gaze was recorded while watching two short videos. Findings from one of the videos replicated results from the original study, showing greater attention to the talker’s mouth among L2 than L1 listeners. In both videos, L2 proficiency modulated attention, with more fixations on the mouth among lower proficiency listeners, an effect predicted but not observed in the original study. Collectively, these laboratory-based findings highlight the role of visual speech cues in L2 listening and present evidence that listeners with more limited proficiency may be especially reliant on such cues. These observations warrant future investigations of the benefits of visual speech cues in instructional and assessment contexts.
Overcoming innovation barriers through collaboration in emerging countries: the case of Colombian manufacturing firms

ABSTRACT There has been a growing interest in open innovation strategy as a mechanism to face obstacles in innovative projects in the last three decades. These studies reveal that companies perceiving knowledge and skill shortages prioritise collaboration with universities and public research institutions rather than with other partners. However, most studies addressing the link between collaboration and innovation barriers are conducted in high-income countries. Drawing on the concepts of cognitive distance and absorptive capacities, we propose an analytical framework that challenges the suitability of this finding in the context of less developed economies. We provide evidence supporting this framework’s implications using the case of Colombian manufacturing firms. The resulting underutilisation of knowledge by firms in the context of emerging economies, as a consequence of their cognitive distance from universities and public research institutions, has important policy implications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Moderating Role of Well-Being in the Relationship Between Gaming Motivation and Problematic Gaming

The aim of this study was to explore the moderating role of psychosocial well-being in the relationship between gaming motivation and problematic gaming among problematic and recreational online gamers. Data from 511 online video game players (M = 24.89, SD = 6.39) were analyzed. Problematic online gaming was positively correlated with social anxiety, loneliness, and stress, as well as with social escape, competition, coping, skill development, and fantasy motives for playing online video games. Negative correlation was found between problematic gaming and life satisfaction. The results showed significant interaction terms between loneliness and social motive, life satisfaction and recreation and coping motive, and stress and fantasy motive among problematic gamers. Furthermore, results showed a significant interaction term between stress and skill development motive among recreational gamers. The results are discussed in the framework of the compensatory internet use model (Kardefelt-Winther, 2014a).
The Research of Short-term Electric Load Forecasting based on Machine Learning Algorithm

The ability of electric load forecasting become the key to measuring electric planning and dispatching, and improving the accuracy of electric load forecasting has become one hot spot topic of scholars in recent years. The traditional electric load forecasting algorithm mainly include statistical learning algorithm. The electric load forecasting algorithm based on traditional forecasting algorithm, machine learning algorithm and neural network algorithm greatly improve the convergence approximation effect and accuracy. In recent years, the electric load forecasting algorithms based on the deep learning algorithm has greatly reduced the error and improved the measurement accuracy and robustness, such as RNN, GRU, LSTM, DBN, TCN, and so on, as well as the combination algorithm based on deep learning. This paper introduces the classical algorithm of deep learning in electric load forecasting. The main purpose is to explore the error and fitting degree of algorithms established by different algorithms, and provide reference for the selection of forecasting algorithms for various types of electric load forecasting.
Metabolomics and Biological Activities of Residual Parts from some Egyptian Green Vegetables

oleracea and the anticancer drug Doxorubicin. Gas chromatography/Mass spectroscopic analysis revealed that the leafy vegetable extracts contain 15 and 18 phytochemical compounds (in P. oleracea and C. olitorius , respectively) and the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid was the major constituent with 42-44.69%. The active groups in the phytochemicals were analyzed by FTIR technique. From this study, we recommend P. oleracea extract to be used as source of antioxidant agents, while C. olitorius extract can be considered as an anticancer active vegetable.
The Evershed Flow: Flow Geometry and Its Temporal Evolution

A diffraction-limited 120 minute time sequence of Evershed flows along penumbral filaments was obtained using high-order adaptive optics in conjunction with postprocessing. We observe individual Evershed flow channels and study their evolution in time. The vast majority of flow channels originate in bright, inner footpoints of size 0. ″2-0. ″4 with an upflow. The upflow turns into a horizontal outflow along a dark penumbral filament within fractions of 1'' (300-500 km). The time sequence clearly shows that both (bright) upflow and (dark) horizontal flow move around and evolve as a unit, indicating that they are part of the same feature. The inner footpoints are brighter than the average quiet photosphere and move inward at 0.5-1 km s-1. Our observations provide strong evidence that penumbral grains are the inner footpoints of Evershed flows where a hot upflow occurs. We observe an Evershed flow channel as it appears to emerge near the outer penumbra and track the flow over a period of about 100 minutes as it moves toward the penumbra-umbra edge, where it disappeared. We observe a steep decline (≤0.″2) of the velocity at outer end of individual flow channels, even for flow channels that end well within the penumbra. This sharp outer edge of the flow channels is also observed to move inward toward the penumbra-umbra boundary. Flows in dark-cored penumbral filaments appear to be produced by the Evershed effect. We discuss our observational results in the context of models of the Evershed effect. Some aspects of our observations provide strong support for the moving tube model of the Evershed flow.
A note on improved contraction methods for discrete boundary value problems

This work investigates a two-point boundary value problem (BVP) involving a first-order difference equation, known as the ‘discrete’ BVP. Some sufficient conditions are formulated under which the discrete BVP will possess a unique solution. The innovation herein involves a strategic choice of metric and utilization of Hölder's inequality. This approach enables the associated mappings to be contractive, which were previously non-contractive in traditional settings. This consequently enables an improved application of the fixed-point theorem of Stefan Banach by addressing a wider range of problems than those covered by the current literature. A YouTube video presentation by the author designed to complement this work is available at http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=luLuQ1KyXy8.
The evaluation of advanced composite material. Performance in high speed pulsed power rotor applications

The successful and optimal utilization of advanced composite materials in pulsed power rotating machinery depends on the availability of well-defined and characterized material properties and failure modes. A key application of these materials is bands for supporting rotor conductor coils and for increasing stored energy. This paper reports on the results of a comprehensive series of experiments that utilize a unique, low cost spin-burst technique that allows the determination of delivered material strength and failure modes in filament wound rotors, under realistic dynamic loads. The measured in-situ failure strength of a series of carbon fiber materials (T650-42, IM7, M40J, M46J, and M60J) is reported. Apparent fiber strengths in as-fabricated rotors are compared to vendor-supplied raw fiber properties. The results indicate that the fiber damage and apparent delivered fiber strength reduction tends to increase with raw fiber modulus. In the series of burst experiments, carbon band failure modes were also observed and characterized using high-speed laser photography, and indicate a general tendency for sudden inelastic failure resulting in multi-segmented burst events generating a cloud of small fragments. The degradation of fiber strength in filament wound carbon bands is corroborated by tensile tests on fiber tows prepared before and after the winding operation.