Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Financial Development and Macroeconomic Fundamentals on Nonperforming Loans among Emerging Countries: An Assessment Using the NARDL Approach

The relationship between financial development indicators and non-performing loans (NPLs) has garnered significant attention, especially in emerging countries. The puzzle of whether financial sector development increases or decreases Non-performing Loans (NPL)s has not been resolved to the satisfaction of the curious mind. This research attempts to answer the above question by studying the asymmetric and symmetric association between financial sector development and NPLs, by utilizing the novel non-linear autoregressive distribution lag (NARDL) and the linear autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) approach. Moreover, to make the study inclusive, we have added a series of proxies to measure financial sector development and macroeconomic vulnerabilities. Our main findings confirm that financial sector development and NPLs move together in the long run, and there is significant evidence of the asymmetric relationship. We infer that NPLs react differently to the negative and positive shocks of financial development and macroeconomic variables both in the short and long run. In the long-run positive shocks in financial intermediation, banking efficiency, banking depth, banking stability index, and banking non-interest income significantly impact the NPLs in emerging countries. The positive shocks of financial sector development (financial intermediation and size of banks) increase NPLs in emerging countries and vice-versa. Furthermore, regarding the macroeconomic variables, the positive shock of inflation, unemployment, and interest rate positively affect NPLs. The empirical analysis also concludes that in the long-run foreign bank presence is an insignificant factor affecting NPLs in the selected countries. This study emphasizes that, unlike the linear model, the non-linear model provides a more realistic and robust result by highlighting hidden asymmetries, which will help policymakers make appropriate strategic decisions.
The DiskMass Survey - X. Radio synthesis imaging of spiral galaxies

We present results from 21 cm radio synthesis imaging of 28 spiral galaxies from the DiskMass Survey obtained with the VLA, WSRT, and GMRT facilities. We detail the observations and data reduction procedures and present a brief analysis of the radio data. We construct 21 cm continuum images, global Hi emission-line profiles, column-density maps, velocity fields, and position-velocity diagrams. From these we determine star formation rates (SFRs), Hi line widths, total Hi masses, rotation curves, and azimuthally-averaged radial Hi column-density profiles. All galaxies have an Hi disk that extends beyond the readily observable stellar disk, with an average ratio and scatter of RHI/R25 = 1.35 ± 0.22, and a majority of the galaxies appear to have a warped Hi disk. A tight correlation exists between total Hi mass and Hi diameter, with the largest disks having a slightly lower average column density. Galaxies with relatively large Hi disks tend to exhibit an enhanced stellar velocity dispersion at larger radii, suggesting the influence of the gas disk on the stellar dynamics in the outer regions of disk galaxies. We find a striking similarity among the radial Hi surface density profiles, where the average, normalized radial profile of the late-type spirals is described surprisingly well with a Gaussian profile. These results can be used to estimate Hi surface density profiles in galaxies that only have a total Hi flux measurement. We compare our 21 cm radio continuum luminosities with 60 μm luminosities from IRAS observations for a subsample of 15 galaxies and find that these follow a tight radio-infrared relation, with a hint of a deviation from this relation at low luminosities. We also find a strong correlation between the average SFR surface density and the K-band surface brightness of the stellar disk.
Antioxidant Efficacy of a Standardized Red Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Extract in Elderly Subjects: A Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study

The world population is rapidly aging. This should cause us to reflect on the need to develop a new nutritional approach to mitigate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. A randomized, double blind, controlled study was carried out on 60 elderly male and female subjects. Product efficacy was measured before and after 2 and 8 weeks of product intake. The reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione concentrations in the erythrocytes and the reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) hematic concentration were measured to assess the antioxidant efficacy. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the serum were measured to assess the anti-inflammatory effectiveness. The wellbeing was assessed by Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire (male) and by Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) (female). Blood, urine analysis and electrocardiography (ECG) were carried out to assess the product’s safety. The results showed that GSH/GSSG ratio increased by 22.4% and 89.0% after 2 and 8 weeks of product intake. Serum TNF-α levels decreased by 2.5% after 8 weeks of product intake. The SF-36 QoL and the MRS questionnaire outputs indicate, preliminarily, a positive effect of the extract intake in ameliorating the wellbeing of both male and female subjects. The product was well-tolerated. Our findings suggest that the test product has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy and has a positive effect on the wellbeing of elderly female and male subjects.
Genome-Wide Classification and Phylogenetic Analyses of the GDSL-Type Esterase/Lipase (GELP) Family in Flowering Plants

GDSL-type esterase/lipase (GELP) enzymes have key functions in plants, such as developmental processes, anther and pollen development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genes that encode GELP belong to a complex and large gene family, ranging from tens to more than hundreds of members per plant species. To facilitate functional transfer between them, we conducted a genome-wide classification of GELP in 46 plant species. First, we applied an iterative phylogenetic method using a selected set of representative angiosperm genomes (three monocots and five dicots) and identified 10 main clusters, subdivided into 44 orthogroups (OGs). An expert curation for gene structures, orthogroup composition, and functional annotation was made based on a literature review. Then, using the HMM profiles as seeds, we expanded the classification to 46 plant species. Our results revealed the variable evolutionary dynamics between OGs in which some expanded, mostly through tandem duplications, while others were maintained as single copies. Among these, dicot-specific clusters and specific amplifications in monocots and wheat were characterized. This approach, by combining manual curation and automatic identification, was effective in characterizing a large gene family, allowing the establishment of a classification framework for gene function transfer and a better understanding of the evolutionary history of GELP.
EFFECT OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR), NET INTEREST MARGIN (NIM), AND LOAN TO DEPOSITS RATIO (LDR) ON RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) IN PT BANK NEGARA INDONESIA PERSERO TBK PERIOD OF 2011-2021

One measure to assess the level of soundness or performance of a bank's profitability is Return On Assets (ROA). The level of Return On Assets (ROA) is used to measure bank profitability and focuses on the company's ability to earn profits in its operations, Bank Indonesia sets a minimum amount of Return On Assets (ROA) of 1.5%. However, the Return on Assets (ROA) at PT Bank Negara Indonesia Persero, Tbk for the 2011-2021 period fluctuated with a downward trend. Many factors can affect the rise and fall of Return On Assets (ROA). This study aims to explain the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Loan to Deposits Ratio (LDR) on Return On Assets (ROA). This research uses quantitative methods with descriptive and verification approaches. The type of data is secondary data sourced from www.idx. co.id and the annual report of PT Bank Negara Indonesia, Tbk. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis and verification analysis (classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, coefficient of determination analysis, and hypothesis testing). The results showed that: 1) Return on Assets (ROA) fluctuated with a downward trend with an average of 2.53% and a standard deviation of 0.87. 2) Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) fluctuates with a downward trend with an average of 17.97% and a standard deviation of 1.59. 3) Net Interest Margin (NIM) fluctuated with a downward trend with an average of 5.63% and a standard deviation of 0.68%. 4) Loan to Deposits Ratio (LDR) fluctuates with an increasing trend with an average of 84.79% and a standard deviation of 6.36. 5) Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has no significant effect on Return On Assets (ROA). 6) Net Interest Margin (NIM) has a significant effect on Return On Assets (ROA). 7) Loan to Deposits Ratio (LDR) has no significant effect on Return On Assets (ROA). 8) Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Loan to Deposits Ratio (LDR) simultaneously (together) have a significant effect on Return On Assets (ROA). With the influence contribution of 67.50%, while the remaining 32.50% is influenced by other factors that are not included in the study.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE KINETIC POWER AND BOLOMETRIC LUMINOSITY OF JETS: LIMITATION FROM BLACK HOLE X-RAY BINARIES, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

The correlation between the kinetic power Pjet and intrinsic bolometric luminosity Ljet of jets may reveal the underlying jet physics in various black hole systems. Based on the recent work by Nemmen et al., we re-investigate this correlation with additional sources of black hole X-ray binaries (BXBs) in hard/quiescent states and low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs). The new sample includes 29 sets of data from 7 BXBs and 20 LLAGNs, with Pjet and Ljet being derived from spectral modeling of the quasi-simultaneous multi-band spectra under the accretion jet scenario. Compared to previous works, the range of luminosity is now enlarged to more than 20 decades, i.e., from ∼1031 erg s−1 to ∼1052 erg s−1, which allows for better constraining of the correlation. One notable result is that the jets in BXBs and LLAGNs almost follow the same Pjet–Ljet correlation that was obtained from blazars and gamma-ray bursts. The slope indices we derived are 1.03 ± 0.01 for the whole sample, 0.85 ± 0.06 for the BXB subsample, 0.71 ± 0.11 for the LLAGN subsample, and 1.01 ± 0.05 for the LLAGN-blazar subsample, respectively. The correlation index around unit implies the independence of jet efficiency on the luminosity or kinetic power. Our results may further support the hypothesis that similar physical processes exist in the jets of various black hole systems.
Thermo-mechanical and degradation properties of naturally derived biocomposites for prosthesis applications: Analysis of the interface pressure and stress distribution on the developed socket

Nowadays, the reduction of petroleum products has been aggressively studied due to their environmental concerns and for finding alternative synthetic materials for sustainable development. Thus, naturally derived biocomposites have great potential for creating a sustainable economy with reduced environmental pollution. The present study deals in two major parts; first, the fabrication of the knee prosthetic socket from different laminate biocomposites (FFF, KKK, and RRR) and examined their mechanical performance, thermal stability and degradation behaviour. The interface pressure between the developed socket and residual limb has been examined using the F-socket sensor. Second, the output data of experiential tests and measured interface pressure have been used for numerical analysis to examine the equivalent stress, deformation and safety factor of the sockets at different loading conditions (500 N, 700 N and 900 N). The results observed that FFF biocomposites have maximum compressive strength (121.0 6MPa), impact strength (36.86 kJ/m2), and shear strength (28.51 MPa) which is 8.15%, 49.53%, and 58.88% higher than RRR biocomposites and 2.74%, 34.62%, and 39.28% higher compared to KKK biocomposites, respectively. RRR biocomposites recorded higher hardness (68.42) and fatigue endurance stress (82.86 MPa) due to higher brittleness properties. The thermogravimetric analysis and degradation behaviour have been analyzed to examine thermal stability, degradation temperature, and degradation weight loss behaviour of biocomposites. Finally, the stress generation on the developed socket during the gait cycle is much lower than its calculated strength that did not affect the performance of the socket. Therefore, laminated biocomposites can be an alternative biomaterial to plastics and conventional materials due to their lighter weight, higher flexibility, and economical to provide greater comfort to the users for knee prosthesis applications.
Trends in Practice Among Shoulder Specialists in the Management of Frozen Shoulder: A Consensus Survey

Background: The management of frozen shoulder (FS) differs depending on experience level and variation between scientific guidelines and actual practice. Purpose: To determine the current trends and practices in the management of FS among shoulder specialists and compare them with senior shoulder specialists. Study Design: Consensus statement. Methods: A team of 15 senior shoulder specialists (faculty group) prepared a questionnaire comprising 26 questions regarding the definition, terminology, clinical signs, investigations, management, and prognosis of FS. The questionnaire was mailed to all the registered shoulder specialists of Shoulder and Elbow Society, India (SESI) (specialist group; n = 230), as well as to the faculty group (n = 15). The responses of the 2 groups were compared, and levels of consensus were determined: strong (>75%), broad (60%-74.9%), inconclusive (40%-59.9%), or disagreement (<40%). Result: Overall, 142 of the 230 participants in the specialist group and all 15 participants in the faculty group responded to the survey. Both groups strongly agreed that plain radiographs are required to rule out a secondary cause of FS, routine magnetic resonance imaging is not indicated to confirm FS, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be administered at bedtime, steroid injection (triamcinolone or methylprednisolone) is the next best option if analgesics fail to provide pain relief, passive physical therapy should be avoided in the freezing phase, <10% of patients would require any surgical intervention, and patients with diabetes and thyroid dysfunction tend to fare poorly. There was broad agreement that routine thyroid dysfunction screening is unnecessary for women, a single 40-mg steroid injection via intra-articular route is preferred, and arthroscopic capsular release (ACR) results in a better outcome than manipulation under anesthesia (MUA). Agreement was inconclusive regarding the use of combined random blood sugar (RBS) and glycosylated hemoglobin versus lone RBS to screen for diabetes in patients with FS, preference of ACR versus MUA to treat resistant FS, and the timing of surgical intervention. There was disagreement over the most appropriate term for FS, the preferred physical therapy modality for pain relief, the most important movement restriction for early diagnosis of FS, and complications seen after MUA. Conclusion: This survey summarized the trend in prevalent practices regarding FS among the shoulder specialists and senior shoulder surgeons of SESI.
A new Monte Carlo method for dynamical evolution of non-spherical stellar systems

We have developed a novel Monte Carlo method for simulating the dynamical evolution of stellar systems in arbitrary geometry. The orbits of stars are followed in a smooth potential represented by a basis-set expansion and perturbed after each timestep using local velocity di! usion coe"cients from the standard two-body relaxation theory. The potential and di! usion coe"cients are updat ed after an interval of time that is a small fraction of the relaxation time, but may be longer than the dynamical time. Thus our approach is a bridge between the Spitzer’s formulation of the Monte Carlo method and the temporally smoothed self-consistent field method. The primary advantages are the ability to follow the secular evolution of shape of the stellar system, and the possibility of scaling the amount of two-body relaxation to the necessary value, unrelated to the actual number of particles in the simulation. Possible future applications of this approach in galaxy dynamics include the problem of consumption of stars by a massive black hole in a non-spherical galactic nucleus, evolution of binary supermassive black holes, and the influence of chaos on the shape of galaxies, while for globular clusters it may be used for studying the influence of rotation.
NEUTRON STAR MASSES AND RADII FROM QUIESCENT LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES

We perform a systematic analysis of neutron star radius constraints from five quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries and examine how they depend on measurements of their distances and amounts of intervening absorbing material, as well as their assumed atmospheric compositions. We construct and calibrate to published results a semi-analytic model of the neutron star atmosphere which approximates these effects for the predicted masses and radii. Starting from mass and radius probability distributions established from hydrogen-atmosphere spectral fits of quiescent sources, we apply this model to compute alternate sets of probability distributions. We perform Bayesian analyses to estimate neutron star mass–radius curves and equation of state (EOS) parameters that best-fit each set of distributions, assuming the existence of a known low-density neutron star crustal EOS, a simple model for the high-density EOS, causality, and the observation that the neutron star maximum mass exceeds 2 M☉. We compute the posterior probabilities for each set of distance measurements and assumptions about absorption and composition. We find that, within the context of our assumptions and our parameterized EOS models, some absorption models are disfavored. We find that neutron stars composed of hadrons are favored relative to those with exotic matter with strong phase transitions. In addition, models in which all five stars have hydrogen atmospheres are found to be weakly disfavored. Our most likely models predict neutron star radii that are consistent with current experimental results concerning the nature of the nucleon–nucleon interaction near the nuclear saturation density.
Theorizing ‘Variegated Bonding as SME Diversification Strategy’ to Extend Business from Traditional to Emergent Sectors

Few studies on diversification strategies address small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and how they differ from large firms. Although related diversifications tend to be the approach for SME diversifications, we need to know more about unrelated diversifications by SMEs. This study focuses on the process of SME unrelated diversification and conduct ethnographic case study on a family business SME from Kyrgyzstan. The inductive process study offers variegated bonding as a possible process of SME diversification. The process consists of the three steps: appetizing, baby-stepping and reconstructing identity. This study extends the extant literature on SME diversification and investigates how the organizational aspiration of identity reconstructions could lead to the focal organization’s entry to an unrelated sector and establishing connectivity between its core and emergent sector organization that eventually alters its identity.
BMNet-5: A Novel Approach of Neural Network to Classify the Genre of Bengali Music Based on Audio Features

Music genre classification (MGC) is the process of putting genre labels on music by analyzing the sounds or words. With the rapid growth of music data repositories, MGC can be used in a lot of ways to organize and manage music recommendation systems, advertising, and streaming services. But there have been a lot of works on classifying English music using different statistical and machine learning methods, but there hasn’t been much progress in classifying Bengali music. Also, Deep Learning (DL) methods have been used in a few important ways to classify different types of music. The content and uniqueness of Bengali music make it much more interesting. Also, there is still a lot to learn about how to use the DL approach in Bengali music. So, Bengali music genre classification is a pretty new area of research in the field of Deep Learning. In this paper, we developed a unique technique called BMNet-5 to perform a multiclass classification of Bangla music genres such as “Bangla Adhunik,” “Bangla Hip-Hop,” “Bangla Band Music,” “Nazrulgeeti,” “Palligeeti,” and “Rabindra Sangeet. ” We show the effectiveness of the suggested technique by extracting features from a dataset of 1742 Bangla music pieces and evaluating the automated classification judgments. The proposed BMNet-5 is based on a neural network designed to predict music genre from audio inputs. Our suggested model outperformed the corresponding previous research with an accuracy of 90.32%. The BMNet-5 model is then tested for performance consistency using K-fold cross validation with varying k values. Finally, we use the suggested model to train the interpretable SHAP model for all the genre of the Bangla music dataset, and the development of an explainable outcome may have a significant advantage.
Bimaculate species of the genus Foenatopus Smith (Hym., Stephanidae) in Iran, with a new record

Two species of the genus Foenatopus Smith, 1846 (Hym.: Stephanidae), were collected from West-Azarbaijan province, the northwest Iran; Foenatopus prousti Aguiar & Turrisi, 2010 and F. turcomanorum (Semenov, 1891). These species belong to the bimaculate group of this genus. Foenatopus turcomanorum is a new record for Iran . Their morphological characters and distribution are provided. The Iranian species of the bimaculate group of Foenatopus are summarized and tabulated.
The impact of subjective social status, inequality perceptions, and inequality tolerance on demand for redistribution. The case of a highly unequal society

Abstract The international literature shows that demand for redistribution is influenced by subjective factors like perceptions of inequality and individuals’ perceived social status. However, few have assessed these subjective dynamics in the developing South, especially in Africa. This study aims to assess the subjective interlinkages between subjective social status, inequality perceptions and demand for redistribution in South Africa, the country with the highest level of inequality in the world. Using ISSP data and an ordered probit model, we show that subjective social status is a negative and significant determinant of demand for redistribution in South Africa. This means that South Africans who position themselves on the lower rungs of society demand higher redistribution and vice versa. Furthermore, perceptions of inequality are significant in driving demand for redistribution in South Africa, as this study finds that inequality tolerance negatively influences demand for redistribution and perceptions of actual inequality positively influence demand for redistribution. This means that South Africans who perceive higher levels of inequality tend to demand more redistribution, while South Africans who tolerate more inequality tend to demand less redistribution. Surprisingly, inequality tolerance is relatively high among the unemployed, Africans, and females. Many of these individuals are part of the most vulnerable in society and would actually benefit from more redistribution. Overall, the results show that, in South Africa, subjective factors like subjective social status and attitudes towards inequality significantly influence demand for redistribution.