Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RELATION TO FUNCTIONAL AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG HOSPITALIZED ELDERLIES

Introduction: Adding years to life is a great achievement when this is accompanied by a good level of health and well-being and independence. Major indicators for prediction mortality risk in older adults are the nutrition status and physical functional ability. The aim of this study is to present the nutritive and functional status among institutionalized elderlies and the relatedness with certain risk factors. Material and methods : Cross-sectional study has been conducted at certain nursing homes with participation of individuals over 60 years old. As for the research Scale of Daily Living Activities (ADL) has been used to present the functional capacity of the elderly and MNA has been used to detect the nutrition status. Results : The results from the research conducted among elderlies have shown the following socio-demographic characteristics: out of 127 participants, most of them were females- 77% and 69% at the age between 75 and 84. Most of the elderlies (in 68%) have completed secondary education. The results from MNA have shown that 69, 2 % are well- nourished, 27,6% are at risk for malnutrition and 3,2% are malnourished. There is a relatedness of the nutrition status with the gender (? 0,001) and the level of education (? 0,001). ADL scale among 127 elderly participants has shown that 37% are independent, 45% are with a moderate impairment and 18% are with severe functional impairment. In comparison with the females, the males show higher level of functional ability in all ADL components except the continence. Conclusion: The results from the research have shown that the nutrition status among elderlies is satisfactory, emphasizing the factors such as gender, education level and functional ability as key points for the level of nutrition status at the elderlies.
Efficacy of certain new insecticide molecules against groundnut defoliator, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera).

Evaluation of five insecticide molecules along with two microbial formulations were carried out against groundnut defoliator, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India during 2006-07 and 2007-08. Results showed that Novaluron 10% EC @ 1ml/lt was found to be the best treatment with lowest incidence (20.99 %) of S. litura followed by Chlorfenapyr 10% SC @ 2ml/lit and Thiodicarb 75WP @1g/lit, which were on par with each other. Highest pod yield was recorded from Thiodicarb treated plot, which was on par with Novaluron and Chlorfenapyr. Bt treated plots also recorded considerable yield indicating that it can be recommended and integrated as one of the IPM components. With respect to Benefit Cost ratio, Thiodicarb recorded highest net returns with 1.43 followed by Novaluron with 1.29.
Efficacy of some triazole fungicides against late leaf spot of groundnut and their subsequent effects of Sclerotium rolfsii

Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting triazole fungicides (tebuconazole, cyproconazole, propiconazole and difenoconazole) were effective against late leaf spot (Phaeoisariopsis personata [Mycosphaerella berkeleyi]) of groundnut. They also reduced stemcolonization (rot) by S. rolfsii [Corticium rolfsii]. Tebuconazole (as Folicur) and cyproconazole (SAN 619) were the most effective (64.2% reduction) against C. rolfsii. The plants remained healthy and intact until harvest and less predisposed to attack by C. rolfsii.
Physico-Chemical Properties of Korean Traditional Soybeans

The physicochemical characteristics and chemical compositions of six Korean traditional soybeans were studied namely, cheongtae, seoritae, jinjoori, subaktae, yutae and huktae. The characteristics of imported soybean were also investigated for comparison. The average weight of one hundred-seed for huktae, which is normally used as nutritional supplement by adding to rice during cooking, was 43.1 g. The average whole length and long and short width for six varieties of the bean were , and , respectively. Color of cheongtae and subaktae were green, while that of seoritae, jinjoori, and huktae were black with yutae having yellow seed coat. Moisture, crude fat, crude protein and ash content of soybean seeds were all in the ranges of , , and , respectively, showing differences among cultivars. Methionine, cysteine and histidine were the minor components of soybean protein and percentage of methionine to the total proteins showed significant varietal differences. Subaktae contained the highest content of methionine with 4.0 mg/g protein, while jinjoori the lowest with 1.8 mg/g protein. The main fatty acids of total lipid were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids, which comprised over 80% of total fatty acids. Cultivar yutae had higher content of neutral lipid but lower content of glycolipid and phospholipid. Among the fatty acids, content of linoleic acid were the highest and ratios of unsaturated fatty acid to the total fatty acid was . The main fatty acid of neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid was linoleic acid.
EVALUATION OF OSTEOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH BETA-THALASSEMIA MAJOR USING DIFFERENT IRON CHELATION THERAPIES

Objective: We aim to assess the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone biochemical parameters in Iraqi patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM). Methods: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was used to evaluate bone density and interpreted about Z-score which compares to the BMD of age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched reference population. Biochemical parameters such as calcium, 25-OH Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and serum ferritin (SF) evaluated.Results: No statistical difference in SF between pediatrics and adults was determined; however, 66 patients were having their SF between 1000 and 2500 ng/ml and 122 patients with SF ˃2500 ng/ml. Calcium and Vitamin D levels are low in both adults and pediatrics. The bone status shows high percentages of osteoporosis 62% and 54.5% for pediatrics and adults, respectively, as well as osteopenia 27% and 34.3% for both pediatric and adults and to a lesser extent normal bone status 11% for each. Conclusion: Osteopathy has a high prevalence in Iraqi patients with β-TM and should receive an optimal transfusion and chelation therapy to prevent bone expansion. Calcium and Vitamin D should be routinely determined to prevent deficiency.
An Epidemiologic Study of Deceased Pedestrians in Road Traffic Accidents in Iran during 2012-2013

Background and Objectives: Due to the high rate of pedestrian deaths in traffic accidents and given that describing demographic profiles of pedestrian deaths and features of accident locations is an important factor in the prevention, management, and analysis of road traffic accidents, this study aimed at describing the demographic and personal patterns as well as environmental factors affecting the occurrence of road traffic accidents among pedestrians in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all pedestrian deaths caused by traffic accidents referred to the Forensic Medicine Organization in Iran from March 20, 2012, to March 19, 2013. In this study, demographic information as well as the information related to the accidents and other information including trauma location, the final cause of death, date of accident, date of death, time of death, and time of accident were examined. The information received from the Forensic Medicine Organization was first controlled and then analyzed using the Stata 11 software. Results: From a total of 4371 pedestrians died in 2012 due to traffic accidents, 3201 cases (73.2%) were males with a mean age of 48.1 ± 0.46 years, and 1170 cases (23.8%) were females with the mean age of 46.1 ± 0.77 years. In terms of age, education, and marital status, the highest frequencies of pedestrian deaths were, respectively, observed in the age group 65 years old and above (33.4%), the illiterate group (44.5%), and married people (67.9%). The highest and the lowest incidence rates of death were seen in Gilan (11 per 1000 people) and South Khorasan Provinces (2.4 per 100,000), respectively. Conclusions: Pedestrians as the most vulnerable people in traffic accidents comprise a large proportion of deaths and disabilities caused by road traffic accidents. It seems necessary to take some measures including paying special attention to physiological characteristics of the age group above 65 years old, doing close monitoring by the traffic police in October and the rush hours, and providing facilities for pedestrians to cross in busy locations of suburban areas.
A Retrospective and Prospective Study on Analysis of Clinical Outcome of Knee Sparing Fixation after Temporary Knee Spanning External Fixation

Compound periarticular knee injuries are difficult to treat. Compound periarticular knee injury occurs usually due to high energy/velocity trauma. There is an increase in the occurrence of compound periarticular knee injuries due to the increase in the number of road traffic accidents. These injuries are always associated with high morbidity. Most of these injuries result in some permanent disability. Immediate open reduction and internal fixation of these high velocity injuries were associated with larger rates of deep seated infection and even amputation. These patients should undergo staged intervention with initial temporary knee spanning external fixation. Early planned conversion from temporary knee spanning external fixator to definitive knee sparing internal or external fixation is necessary to get optimal out come in union and knee function. For this study 30 patients with high energy periarticular knee fractures were included. All these patients were treated with initial temporary knee spanning external fixation and then converted to definitive knee sparing internal or external fixation. The overall functional outcome was assessed using knee society score. The results show 8 patients (26.67%) with excellent outcome, 5 patients (16.67%) with good outcome, 8 patients (26.67%) with fair outcome and 9 patients (30%) with poor outcome. The most important factors which determine the functional outcomes were the type of fractures (open or closed), nature of comminution including intra articular extensions, timing of fixations and postoperative infections. Duration of initial knee spanning external fixator and final knee range of motion have statistically significant association.
Assessing remotely triggered cameras for surveying carnivore distribution

Documenting the distribution of elusive carnivores is difficult, but remotely triggered cameras may be a cost-effective, non-invasive technique that can supplement harvest- based or other observational data. To assess their utility, we surveyed a 1,032-km2 area of Vermont using 35-mm cameras connected to pressure plates at bait stations. We sought to photograph all carnivore species believed to reside in the area and to document species-specific habitat relationships. During June-October 1 997-1 998, we systemati- cally placed camera stations at >1 km intervals to assess the effects of forest cover type (deciduous vs. coniferous-dominated forest stands), distance from edge ( 500 m from permanent agricultural and residential edges), levels of human-related develop- ment (relatively high and low), and type of camera set. We ran surveys for 21-day sam- pling periods during 1997 (n=131 stations) and 1998 (n=154 stations). We obtained photos of all expected species. Raccoons (Procyon lotor, n=67 stations) and coyotes (Canis latrans, n=l 7 stations) preferred edge sites. Black bears (Ursus americanus, n 15 stations) preferred interior sites and were photographed only in the more forested and less densely populated eastern half of the study site. Fishers (Martes pennanti, n=47 stations) also occurred more often in the eastern half of the study area and in coniferous forest types. We were unable to detect any effect of set type on carnivore distribution. This method appeared useful for estimating species distribution over large areas and for doc- umenti ng species-specific habitat relationships.
CT Enterography for diagnosis of Small Bowel Disorders

Objective: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the role of CT enterography in detection and characterization of small bowel diseases. Material and Methods: A total of 65 patients (mean age 41 years; range, 16-70 years), including 42 males and 23 females who were suspected of having small bowel disorders on the basis of clinical examination underwent CT enterography examination on a 64-slice CT Scanner prospectively using neutral oral contrast (Polyethylene glycol). Results: The mean distensionof the small intestine was 1.8cm in jejunum and 2.3 cm in ileum. Out of 65 patients, 32 patients (49%) presented with abnormal small bowel thickening. Intestinal tuberculosis was the most common diagnosis in 11 cases (16.9%). Ileocaecal junction was involved predominantly in 81%cases and 81% cases of tuberculosis depicted homogenous enhancement with either focal (46%) or segmental (54%) involvement. Small bowel tumors were seen in 9 cases with majority of them adenocarcinoma (7 cases). Malignancy was associated with marked asymmetric thickening in 81%cases, focal thickening in 54% cases, and heterogenous enhancement in 91% cases. Conclusion: CT enterography is an effective modality to evaluate small bowel disorders. It can not only assess mural and intraluminal small bowel pathologies but also assess extraintestinal findings so as to make correct diagnosis. Introduction Small bowel can be affected by diverse group of pathologies causing varied morphological alteration in and around bowel. Assessing it is difficult because of long and serpentine course of small bowel that is prone to change with breathing and peristalsis (1) . Earlier barium studies were routinely used because they were easily accessible, cheap and produced excellent mucosal contrast, but failure to depict extra-intestinal complications, long duration of examination, high radiation dose to staff and patients and higher operator dependence were few of the limitations that led to improvement in www.jmscr. igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.379 Index Copernicus Value: 79.54 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i8.62
Texture and microstructure of skim milk mozzarella cheeses made using fat replacers

Skim milk Mozzarella cheeses (negligible fat) were made using two maltodextrins (Maltrin M1 and M2) and a modified potato starch (StaSlim S1) fat replacers. A control cheese was made with skim milk without any fat replacer. The texture characteristics of the cheeses were measured with an Instron Universal Testing Machine and the microstructure examined using scanning electron microscopy. The moisture contents of the skim milk and maltodextrin based cheeses were similar, while modified potato starch-based cheeses showed significantly lower moisture levels. The protein contents of the cheeses made with fat replacers were significantly lower than for the control cheeses. The hardness values for Maltrin M1 anti M2 cheeses were lower at 5, 10 and 18 d of storage while StaSlim S1 cheeses were similar to those of control during storage. In general, all the cheeses made using fat replacers showed less cohesiveness and springiness than the control cheeses, while adhesiveness was higher. The Maltrin M1 and M2 cheeses showed lower values of gumminess and chewiness; however, StaSlim S1 cheeses showed higher values, compared to control, at 5, 10 and 18 d of storage. Incorporation of fat replacers resulted in an increased openness in cheeses, and large serum channels (up to 0.1 mm diameter) were noticeable. The maltodextrin-based cheeses showed more openness than the modified potato starch-based cheeses.
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity During Cold Pressor Test in Patients With Cerebrovascular Accidents

Background and Purpose—Autonomic dysfunction is frequently present in patients with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of these disorders are not clear. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of CVA on the autonomic nervous system. Methods—In eight male patients with a history of CVA with damage of the cortical or subcortical structures, we measured the cold pressor response during recording of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from the peroneal nerve on the hemiplegic side. We also studied 10 age-matched male control subjects. Tests were performed before, during, and after immersion of the nonhemiplegic hand in ice water for a period of 3 minutes in each phase. We also recorded changes in heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, skin temperature of the middle finger, and perception of pain using the Borg’s score. Results—During the control period, the mean burst count of MSNA in CVA (57.2±3.9 beats/100 HR) was higher than in control subjects (3.
European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Workshop: Microglia 2018

EMBO Workshop: Microglia 2018 was held from 18 to 21 March 2018 at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory Advanced Training Center in Heidelberg, Germany (https://www.embl.de/training/eve nts/2018/GLI18-01/). At this conference, pioneer researchers presented various cutting-edge reports regarding microglial function in physiological and pathological states, including unpublished data. In the present report, microglial functions during the developmental phase and neurodegenerative diseases are mainly discussed.
Comparative study of bone micro-architecture of some mammalian bones

In the present study, a comparison has been made on the size of osteon and Haversian canal from bone specimen of seven mammalian species (rat, rabbit, cat, dog, monkey, adult man and cow) with two extinct specimens from primitive land animals (Diadectes and Iguanodon). Furthermore, relationship between size or weight of animal with respect to the size of its osteon and Haversian canal has been explored by applying allometric scaling laws to the micro architecture data. The results indicate that in general, osteon and Haversian canal size increases with increasing body weight however, the relative size of the osteon and Haversian canal decreases per unit body weight, i.e. rat osteons are larger relative to human and dinosaurian osteon. Interestingly, the ratio of osteon to Haversian canal diameters were in the range of 4 to 6 for all the animals (excluding rat) investigated in the present study including the dinosaurs. This suggests firstly, a close resemblance of extinct bone micro-architecture to mammals and secondly that osteon and Haversian canal sizes were optimised for efficient transport of nutrients and metabolites from the animal body to the bone cells. It may be explained by the concept that outside the optimum ranges an increase in osteon diameter actually reduces the efficiency of transportation of nutrients and waste products.
A five-year survey of cesarean delivery at a Nigerian tertiary hospital

Background: Caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in obstetrics and certainly one of the oldest operations in surgery; the incidence of caesarean section is steadily rising. The increasing use of CS as a mode of delivery is due to improved safety of the procedure because of increasing use of antibiotics, blood availability, and improved anesthetic techniques. Despite all these, problems of safety and cost still pose some concern, particularly in resource-poor countries. Objective: To evaluate the incidence, indications, and outcomes of caesarean section in this hospital during the period under review. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive analysis of all the caesarean sections carried out at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2016. The labor ward delivery register and theatre operation register were also reviewed. The nature and indications for the procedure were analyzed. Other parameters reviewed included booking status of the patient, parity, and fetal outcome. Results were presented using simple percentages and ratios. Results: Out of 9,604 deliveries during the study period, 2,053 cases were by caesarean section, giving a caesarean section rate of 21.4%. Most cases 1647 (80.2%) were by emergency caesarean sections and elective caesarean section accounted for 406 (19.8%) cases. The rate of caesarean section was higher among unbooked patients 1304 (63.5%) than booked patients 749 (36.5%). Cephalopelvic disproportion was the most common indication 633 (30.8%) followed by fetal distress 484 (23.6%) and severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia 224 (10.9%). Anemia was the most common postpartum morbidity and there were 17 maternal deaths and the maternal case fatality rate was 0.8%, and there were 62 (2.9%) perinatal deaths due to birth asphyxia following emergency caesarean section. Conclusion: The rate of caesarean section has been increasing gradually and is associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. There is need for education of the populace to reduce late presentation.
Insulin Resistance Syndrome Predicts Coronary Heart Disease Events in Elderly Nondiabetic Men

Background—The role of a cluster of risk factors characteristic for the insulin resistance syndrome as a predictor for coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been studied previously. Methods and Results—Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed by factor analysis to investigate whether these clusters (factors) predict CHD events (CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) in a nondiabetic population of 1069 subjects 65 to 74 years old from eastern Finland followed up for 7 years. There were 151 CHD events (92 for men, 59 for women) during the follow-up period. In men, factor 1 (the insulin resistance factor, which reflected primarily body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin) (hazards ratio [HR] with 95% CI, 1.33, CI 1.08, 1.65, P=0.008), factor 2 (alcohol consumption, high HDL cholesterol, low triglycerides) (HR 0.78, CI 0.63, 0.96, P=0.020), factor 3 (age, systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, left ventricular hypertrophy) (.
Bear footprints and their use for monitoring and estimating numbers of brown bears (Ursus arctos L.) in Bulgaria

We present an improved table of the footprint dimensions of the Bulgarian/ Eastern European brown bear (Ursus arctos L.). Our results demonstrated congruence between the length of the hind paw footprint and the width of the fore one, as well as correlation between footprint size, age, and sex of the individuals. Six categories of bear fore paw and respectively hind paw footprints were identified according to their dimensions, which are related to their body sizes (influenced also by sex and age). The table could be useful for identification of the individuals by their footprints and could be utilised in the National monitoring of the bear in Bulgaria. Examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of using size parameters of footprints for determination of local population numbers and structure.