Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS AND THEIR ROLE IN EXTREME PRECIPITATION IN THE MIDWEST U.S.

Abstract : Two case studies are presented of atmospheric rivers (ARs) that produced heavy precipitation in the Midwest U.S. during March 2008 and October 2009. A third case study demonstrating an AR with normal precipitation in the Midwest also is included for comparison. The analyses used the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data sets for identification of ARs and analysis. The study documents several key ingredients that contribute to differentiating between events of extreme precipitation and normal precipitation. The primary findings of this study are as follows: (1) the induced flow due to the low-level/surface temperature anomaly plays an important role in transporting moisture from the Caribbean northward to the Midwest; (2) the induced wind field from a strong upper-level potential vorticity (PV) anomaly increases moisture flux from the Gulf and decreases static stability, which favors convective precipitation, and (3) heavy precipitation events are preceded approximately 9 hours by an increasing, positive moisture flux occurring across the northern Gulf Coast.
Delineation of clinical target volume for postoperative radiotherapy in stage iiiA-pN2 non-small-cell lung cancer

: With the high locoregional relapse rate and the improvement of radiation technology, postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) has been widely used in the treatment of completely resected stage IIIA-pN2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is still no definitive consensus on clinical target volume for the pN2 subgroup. This review will discuss how to delineate the clinical target volume (CTV) for pN2 subgroups of IIIA-N2 NSCLC based on the published literature and to investigate the optimal PORT CTV in this cohort of patients. Besides overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence (LR), and radiotherapy-related toxicity of this subset of the population in the modern PORT era, selection of proper patients will also be considered in this review. In summary, it is appropriate to include involved lymph node stations and uninvolved stations at high risk in PORT CTV for patients with pN2 disease when PORT is administered. PORT can reduce LR and has the potential to improve OS. In the current era of modern radiation technology, PORT can be administered safely with well-tolerated toxicity. Clinicopathological characteristics may be helpful in selecting proper candidates for PORT.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria: Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles among students of a tertiary institution in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Asymptomatic bacteriuria, a form of urinary tract infections that involves isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs referable to urinary infection is common, but the prevalence in population varies widely with age, sex and the presence of genitourinary abnormalities. This study therefore aimed at investigating the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among selected students of Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Nigeria as well as the antibiotic resistance patterns of the bacterial isolates associated with the condition. Urine samples were collected from one hundred apparently healthy students and processed within two hours of collection. The isolates were identified by conventional biochemical tests while antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were carried out according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results revealed 77% prevalence (49 females, 27 males) among the sample studied with the presence of Staphylococcal spp. , Klebsiella spp. , Citrobacter spp. and Bacillus spp. Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant species accounting for 54.5% of the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility study revealed all the isolates to be multidrug resistant. However, resistance to ofloxacin by Gram-negative bacterial isolates was least while resistance to streptomycin by the Gram-positive isolates was least in this study. The study concluded that multidrug resistant bacteria can be associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria while the patients may not develop any sign or symptom referable to urinary tract infection. Key words: Asymptomatic bacteriuria, urinary tract infections, genitourinary abnormalities, prevalence, multidrug resistance.
Association between Severity of MERS-CoV Infection and Incubation Period

The incubation period of an infectious disease is the time from the moment of exposure to an infectious agent until signs and symptoms of the disease appear. If infection occurred at time Xi for the patient i, and symptom onset occurred at time Zi, the incubation period is defined as Ti = Zi – Xi. However, estimation of the incubation period is often complicated because infection events cannot be directly observed. If patient i reported that infection most likely occurred in a period of exposure between times Li and Ui, where Li ≤ Xi ≤ Ui, the incubation time therefore is bounded by the interval (Z – Ui, Z – Li). These data are a special type of survival data, and a convenient approach would be to reverse the time axis setting Z as the origin and X as the outcome time. Reversing the time axis is valid only when the density function for infection is uniform in chronologic time. This condition should be reasonable in the setting of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, with each exposure interval being relatively short.
β-Adrenergic Regulation of Cardiac Progenitor Cell Death Versus Survival and Proliferation

mediated primarily by β1 and β2 adren-ergic receptor (AR) subtypes present on adult cardiomyocytes. β1-ARs regulate cardiac contractility by signaling through Gα s and adenylyl cyclase, 3 but chronic stimulation increases myo-cyte apoptosis and necrosis. In contrast, β2-AR signaling antagonizes cardiomyocyte death 6,7 and also exerts widespread influence over multiple cell types, including tissue progenitors and precursor cells, by regulating mobilization, differentiation , and proliferation. Stimulation of β2-AR also promotes DNA synthesis via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositide 3 kinase pathways in cardiac fi-broblasts, 13,14 but the influence of β-adrenergic signaling on the cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) population remains unknown. The postnatal heart undergoes substantial proliferation in the face of adrenergic drive after birth 15 during which neonatal cardiomyocytes predominantly express β2-AR. However, cardiomyocyte maturation leads to dominant expression of β1-AR concomitant with recession of postnatal adrenergic stimulation in the adult myocardium. Cardiomyopathic injury reactivates the adrenergic system that, although initially adaptive, eventually becomes cardiotoxic in the chronic setting. 18 The seemingly counterintuitive administration of pharmacological β-blockade, a negative inotrope, in patients with heart failure as the current standard of care improves cardiac performance and resensitizes the adrenergic system. Cardiac homeostasis is intimately tied to adrenergic signaling throughout our lifetime, but the impact of adrenergic stimulation on CPC survival and proliferation has not been assessed. Because CPCs contribute to ongoing Rationale: Short-term β-adrenergic stimulation promotes contractility in response to stress but is ultimately detrimental in the failing heart because of accrual of cardiomyocyte death. Endogenous cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) activation may partially offset cardiomyocyte losses, but consequences of long-term β-adrenergic drive on CPC survival and proliferation are unknown. Objective: We sought to determine the relationship between β-adrenergic activity and regulation of CPC function. treatment with β2-antagonist ICI 118, 551 impairs CPC proliferation and survival. β1-AR expression in CPC is induced by differentiation stimuli, sensitizing CPC to isoproterenol-induced cell death that is abrogated by metoprolol. Efficacy of β1-AR blockade by metoprolol to increase CPC survival and proliferation was confirmed in vivo by adoptive transfer of CPC into failing mouse myocardium. on commitment to the myocyte lineage results in loss of CPCs and early myocyte precursors.
OTT_A_235066 1873..1881

Zhijie Tan Bin Li 2 Xia Dong Wenxing Liu Shanshan Liu 1Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Central District of Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong 250021, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital of Central District of Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of Central District of Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China Introduction: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant type of esophageal carcinoma with a low survival rate and a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the effective tumor markers in early diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis evaluation of ESCC. The current study was designed to explore the important role of β-arrestin1 in ESCC and the underlying mechanism. Methods: The defined effects of β-arrestin1 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMTand tumor growth were investigated both in ESCC cells and in vivo model of ESCC. β-arrestin1 expression was detected using Western blot and immunohistochemistry assay. The cell proliferation ability was determined using CCK-8 assay. Wound healing assay and trans-well invasion assay were performed to determine cell migration and invasion. The key proteins related to cell migration, invasion and EMT were detected by Western blot. Tumor growth in vivo was also monitored by tumor volume and weight. In addition, the effects of β-arrestin1 on AKT/GSK3β/ β-catenin pathway were evaluated. Results: β-arrestin1 was aberrantly upregulated in human ESCC tissues, ESCC cell lines and animal model of ESCC. β-arrestin1 downregulation inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of ESCC in vitro and vivo. β-arrestin downregulation also suppressed tumor growth in vivo model of ESCC. In addition, the inhibitory effects of β-arrestin1 downregulation were exerted via AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Discussion: The results in the present study together confirmed the truth that β-arrestin1 interference may suppress ESCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT and tumor growth via AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Radium 223 dichloride for prostate cancer treatment

: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant disease in men. Several therapeutic agents have been approved during the last 10 years. Among them, radium-223 dichloride (Xofigo ® ) is a radioactive isotope that induces irreversible DNA double-strand breaks and con-sequently tumor cell death. Radium-223 dichloride is a calcium-mimetic agent that specifically targets bone lesions. Radium-223 dichloride has been approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with symptomatic bone metastases, without known visceral metastases. In this review, first we summarize the interplay between prostate tumor cells and bone microenvironment; then, we discuss radium-223 dichloride mechanism of action and present the results of the available clinical trials and future developments for this new drug.
Selection of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Porcine Whole Blood and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells under Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid Stimulation

Investigating gene expression of immune cells of whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) under polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) stimulation is valuable for understanding the immune response of organism to RNA viruses. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a standard method for quantification of gene expression studies. However, the reliability of qRT-PCR data critically depends on proper selection of reference genes. In the study, using two different analysis programs, geNorm and NormFinder, we systematically evaluated the gene expression stability of six candidate reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, B2M, RPL4, TBP, and PPIA) in samples of whole blood and PBMC with or without poly I:C stimulation. Generally, the six candidate genes performed a similar trend of expression stability in the samples of whole blood and PBMC, but more stably expressed in whole blood than in PBMC. geNorm ranked B2M and PPIA as the best combination for gene expression normalization, while according to NormFinder, TBP was ranked as the most stable reference gene, followed by B2M and PPIA. Comprehensively considering the results from the two programs, we recommended using the geometric mean of the three genes, TBP, PPIA and B2M, to normalize the gene expression of whole blood and PBMC with poly I:C stimulation. Our study is the first detailed survey of the gene expression stability in whole blood and PBMC with or without poly I:C stimulation and should be helpful for investigating the molecular mechanism involved in porcine whole blood and PBMC in response to poly I:C stimulation.
CIA_A_207863 1451..1460

Lian MJ Tijsen Els WC Derksen Wilco P Achterberg Bianca I Buijck 1Department Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; 2Oktober, Bladel, The Netherlands; 3De Zorgboog, Bakel, The Netherlands; 4Department Primary and Community Care, Center for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public Health, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Introduction: After hospitalization, 11% of the older patients are referred to rehabilitation facilities. Nowadays, there is a trend to formalize the rehabilitation process for these patients in a Challenging Rehabilitation Environment (CRE). This concept involves the comprehensive organization of care, support and the environment on a rehabilitation ward. However, since literature on the principles of CRE is scarce, this review aimed to explore and describe the principles of CRE. Methods: A search was made in PubMed for relevant literature concerning CRE. Then, articles were hand searched for relevant keywords (ie, task-oriented training, therapy intensity, patient-led therapy, group training), references were identified, and topics categorized. Results: After evaluating 51 articles, 7 main topics of CRE were identified: 1) Therapy time; ie, the level of (physical) activity; the intensity of therapy and activity is related to rehabilitation outcomes, 2) group training; used to increase practice time and can be used to achieve multiple goals (eg, activities of daily living, mobility), 3) patient-regulated exercise; increases the level of self-management and practice time, 4) family participation; may lead to increased practice time and have a positive effect on rehabilitation outcomes, 5) task-oriented training; in addition to therapy, nurses can stimulate rehabilitants to perform meaningful tasks that improve functional outcomes, 6) enriched environment; this challenges rehabilitants to be active in social and physical activities, and 7) team dynamics; shared goals during rehabilitation and good communication in a transdisciplinary team improve the quality of rehabilitation. Discussion: This is the first description of CRE based on literature; however, the included studies discussed rehabilitation mainly after stroke and for few other diagnostic groups. Conclusion: Seven main topics related to CRE were identified that may help patients to improve their rehabilitation outcomes. Further research on the concept and effectivity of CRE is necessary.
Renal Denervation Attenuates Hypertension but not Salt-Sensitivity in ET B Receptor 1 Deficient Rats 2 3

Renal Denervation Attenuates Hypertension but not Salt-Sensitivity in ETB Receptor 1 Deficient Rats 2 3 Authors: Bryan K. Becker, Amanda C. Feagans, Daian Chen, Malgorzata Kasztan, Chunhua Jin, 4 Joshua S. Speed, Jennifer S. Pollock and David M. Pollock 5 6 Affiliation: Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of 7 Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 8 9 Running Head: Renal Denervation in ETB-deficient Rats 10 11 Corresponding Author: 12 David M. Pollock, PhD 13 Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine 14 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine 15 University of Alabama at Birmingham 16 1720 2nd Ave. S 17 Birmingham, AL 35294 18 Phone: 205-975-7526 19 FAX: 205-975-7520 20 Email: davidpollock@uabmc.edu 21 22 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol (July 12, 2017). doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00174. 2017
A CADAVERIC STUDY INDICATING CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RELATION BETWEEN AREA OF MENISCI WITH CORRESPONDING TIBIAL PLATEAU AND THAT OF DISTANCE BETWEEN ANTERIOR HORN AND POSTERIOR HORN OF MENISCI

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Bharat J. Sarvaiya, Associate professor, Anatomy department, P.D. U. Government Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India. Mob No.9374284950 E-Mail: dr.bharatsarvaiya@yahoo.in Background: Menisci play a pivotal role in functioning of knee joint. It contributes to the smooth movements of the joint by improving congruence, weight distribution and proprioception. The injuries of the menisci can disable as they lead to degenerative changes. Meniscal transplantation is latest of the adopted procedures in orthopedic surgeries. Therefore a thorough anatomical knowledge of the meniscal parameters is an essential need. Objectives: The aim of the research was to study the variation in distance between anterior horn and posterior horn of menisci and to find out relation between area of the menisci and area of corresponding tibial plate. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 Menisci (30 Lower Limbs) from donated dead bodies to Department of Anatomy, Medical college, Baroda. Data was analyzed statistically using student’s ttest. P value < 0.05 is considered significant. Data is presented as mean + SD and analyzed with the help of Microsoft Excel. Result: In the study it was observed that on the medial side the distance between anterior and posterior horns is 28.87 + 1.06 mm whereas on the lateral side, is 12.60 + 0.35mm. The ratio between the areas of the menisci to the tibial plate was observed as 58% for medial and 54% for lateral menisci. Conclusion: The anatomical knowledge of the dimensions of the menisci would prove to be helpful in guiding meniscal transplantation with allografts. It will be useful to various orthopedic surgeons, radiologists, forensic experts, anatomists and physiotherapists alike.
Ecology of elk parturition across winter feeding opportunities in the brucellosis endemic area of Wyoming

This study was initiated to examine parturition related behavior both from an ecological perspective and to investigate implications for brucellosis transmission risk among elk and between elk and cattle. These aspects were investigated for elk fed during the winter, elk using improved winter feedlines, and free-ranging elk. Brucellosis is a disease causing abortion in elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), bison (Bos bison), and cattle (Bos spp.). The most common transmission route is through oral contact with aborted fetuses or parturition tissues/fluids and transmission risk is dependent on contact rates. Vaginal implant transmitters were deployed on winter free-ranging elk and elk using feedgrounds to define parturition and abortion sites. Habitat variables were collected and modeled for parturition sites at the microhabitat and macrohabitat spatial scale on the basis of biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors. We collected data on a total of 169 parturition sites, representing the largest ever study of elk calving behavior. Elk were selective with respect to parturition habitat at both macrohabitat and microhabitat scales but we did not find evidence for differences in selection behavior among feeding types. Parturition site selection appears to be driven by cover rather than by forage at both scales. Use of feedgrounds and length of feeding season were associated with decreased distance from winter range and increased clustering of parturition locations. This study will facilitate evaluation and development of best management practices regarding feedground management, elk, habitat manipulation, and risk of brucellosis transmission.
Coxiella burnetii

% (goats). Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA was determined through use of a real time PCR assay validated for use in bovine, ovine, and caprine feces; threshold of detection is one DNA copy per PCR (sensitivity 95.8%, specificity 100%). All tested samples were negative for Coxiella burnetii DNA. We conclude that non‐dairy, non‐periparturient ruminants exhibited at Iowa fairs are unlikely to shed Coxiella burnetii in their feces and that this population should not be considered to be a significant exposure risk to other livestock or fair attendees.
The Role of Moral Reasoning & Personality in Explaining Lyrical Preferences

Previous research has supported that personality traits can act to a precursor to media preferences. Due to the ongoing association between morality and media preferences in public and political discourse (e.g., blaming immoral behaviours on media preferences), this research sought to expand the knowledge about factors that contribute to media preferences by investigating if moral reasoning styles explain some of the variance that was not already explained by personality traits. A specific form of media preferences were chosen – lyrical preferences in metal music – as claims between metal lyrical themes and behaviour have been ongoing since the 1980s, despite a lack of empirical evidence to support these claims. A lyrical preferences scale was developed, and utilizing this scale, it was found that different types of metal fans exhibit different moral reasoning styles dependent on their metal sub-genre identification. Further, it was found that moral reasoning styles explain a portion of the variance in lyrical preferences that weren’t already explained by personality traits. In particular, lyrical preferences were often thematically consistent with moral reasoning content and personality traits, such as that individuals that preferred lyrics about celebrating metal culture and unity had higher levels of the group loyalty moral reasoning domain alongside being higher in extraversion. The implications of moral reasoning styles and personality traits as being precursors to media preferences are discussed.