Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of forced convection heat transfer in ribbed roughened square ducts

The temperature, heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a 50 rom x 50 mm square duct with one replaceable heated wall have been experimentally investigated. In the experiment thirteen different heated walls are used of which one is non-ribbed and twelve are ribbed with four types of rib geometries viz triangular, trapezoidal, saw tooth forward and saw tooth backward and each with pie ratios of 6, 8 and 10. Both the base and the height of all the rib geometries are I mm. The wall is made ribbed by machining out the above geometries from a solid aluminum plate parallel to each other at different pie ratios across the duct section. The room air is used as the working fluid which enters into the duct through a bellmouth contraction. The overall length of the duct is 5.755m, which includes the test section of I . 83m. Heat is supplied to the bottom wall of the test section by an electric heater designed for the purpose. Measurements of velocity and temperature in the duct cross sections at XlDh = 3 and 33 down stream from the inlet of the heated test section are taken in the region of -I < (ZIB) < I and -I < (YIB) :s; I at seven different Reynolds numbers varying from 5.0 x 10 to 5.6 X 10 The experiments have been carried out both for one non-ribbed and twelve ribbed walls at different Reynolds numbers. Velocity and temperature of air are recorded at two sections one at XlDh = 3 and other at XlDh = 33 i.e. near the inlet and the outlet of the test duct. The bottom surface temperature of the wall is also measured and from these the wall surface temperatures are calculated. Pressure drops along the length of the test duct are also recorded. Heat transfer and friction characteristics like heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, Stanton number, local and mean friction factors, universal velocity and temperature distributions etc. are evaluated for different wall roughness in the developed regIOn. The result shows that for constant pie, Nusselt number increases with the increase of Reynolds number and for constant Reynolds number Nusselt number decreases as pie increases. The effect of rib shape is not very significant both on friction factor and heat transfer characteristics. But nevertheless the Saw tooth forward rib geometry produces highest values while the trapezoidal geometry produces the lowest values.
Application of S-SEBI model for crop evapotranspiration using Landsat-8 data over parts of North India

Abstract Estimation and monitoring of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) or consumptive water use over large-area holds the key to irrigation management plans and regional drought preparedness. The objective of this study was to estimate ETc by applying the simplified-surface energy balance index (S-SEBI) model to Landsat-8 data for the 2014–2015 period in parts of North India. An average ETc was estimated 2.72 and 2.47 in mm day−1 with 0.22, 0.18 standard deviation and 0.11, 0.07 standard error for Kharif and Rabi crops, respectively. On validation part, a close relationship was observed between S-SEBI derived and scintillometer observed evaporative fraction with 0.85 correlation coefficient and 0.86 agreement index. The statistical analysis also endorses the results accuracy and reliability with 0.026 and 0.602, relative root-mean square errors and model efficiency for wheat crop, respectively. The study showed that normalized difference vegetation index and LST are closely related and serve as a proxy for qualitative representation of ETc.
Analysis of diagnostic test outcomes in a large loiasis cohort from an endemic region: Serological tests are often false negative in hyper-microfilaremic infections

Background The parasitic disease loiasis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Individuals with hyper-microfilaremia (greater than 20,000 microfilariae per mL of blood) may suffer from serious treatment-related or spontaneous adverse events. Diagnosing loiasis remains complex and primarily relies on direct parasite detection. In this study, we analyzed the performance of various diagnostic tests and the influence of parasitological and clinical factors on test outcomes in samples from individuals living in an endemic region. Methods Data and samples were collected from rural Gabon. Loiasis was defined as either detectable microfilaremia, or a positive history of eyeworm as assessed by the RAPLOA questionnaire. Diagnostic testing included a quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detection of Loa loa DNA in blood samples, an in-house crude L. loa antigen IgG ELISA, and a rapid test for antibodies against the Ll-SXP-1 antigen (RDT). Sensitivity and specificity were determined for each test and factors potentially influencing outcomes were evaluated in an exploratory analysis. Results ELISA, RDT and qPCR results were available for 99.8%, 78.5%, and 100% of the 1,232 participants, respectively. The ELISA and RDT had only modest diagnostic accuracy. qPCR was specific for L. loa microfilaremia and Cycle threshold values correlated with microfilarial density. Anti-L. loa IgG levels were highest in occult loiasis, and antibody levels correlated inversely with L. loa microfilarial density as did RDT line intensities. Only 84.6% and 16.7% of hyper-microfilaremic individuals tested positive by ELISA (11/13) and RDT (2/12), respectively. Conclusion None of the tests demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for loiasis. Indirect diagnostic assays were characterized by low specificity. Additionally, hyper-microfilaremic individuals often tested negative by RDT and ELISA, indicating that these tests are not suitable for individual case management in endemic populations.
The validity of Ti-in-zircon thermometry in low temperature eclogites

Abstract The Ti-in-zircon thermometer has been widely applied to different high-grade metamorphism rocks owing to its simplicity. Based on the calibration of Ferry & Watson (2007; New thermodynamic models and revised calibrations for the Ti-in-zircon and Zr-in-rutile thermometers. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 154, 429–437), we used the Ti-in-zircon thermometer to estimate the metamorphic temperatures for low-temperature eclogites of North Qilian and Western Tianshan, China, and compiled HP/UHP eclogites from the literature. The Ti-in-zircon temperatures are generally higher than the estimations by other thermometers, especially when metamorphic temperatures are lower than 650°C. Although temperature exerts the dominant control on Ti content in zircon, other factors (e.g. lattice defect, other trace element substitutions in zircon, disequilibrium zircon growth, and precipitation from metamorphic fluids) may have contributed to the overestimated Ti-in-zircon temperatures.
Groundwater quality, sanitation and vulnerable groups: case study of Bawku East District

The effect of human hygienic behaviour on the quality of groundwater was investigated using standard methods for trace elements and bacteria pollution indicators in Bawku East District of Ghana in 2006. No iron was detected in water; manganese levels were higher in wells than boreholes and fluoride levels exceeded the WHO standard (1.5mg/l) by 0.5-1.0mg/l in one well and a borehole at Bawku. Typical bacteria numbers deviated from normal trends (i.e.1014, 1011, 108, and 104 for total coliforms, faecal coliforms, E. coli and enterococci in the well water compared to 106, 105, 103 and 102 in the boreholes respectively). The six UNICEF boreholes were within the WHO guideline of zero helminthes (100-1 ml) but the wells were not. Hence, quality of the boreholes was higher than the wells for drinking purposes.
Evaluation of Physico-Chemical and Fungal Species Associated with Oil Contaminated Soil from Selected Automobile Garage in Sokoto Metropolis

This study was conducted with a view to evaluating the physicochemical and mycological properties of different oil contaminated soils collected from three different automobile garages in Sokoto Metropolis, and uncontaminated soil from the temporary site, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (UDUS) was used as the control. The pH was determined using pH meter model Hanna (H1991301), quantity of mineral elements was evaluated in accordance with Murphy and Fungi were isolated from the three oil contaminated samples (A, B. and C) and the uncontaminated (sample D) as control, this was done by standard procedure using the method of P. Ren, T. Jankun & B. Leaderer. The physical, chemical, and mineral elements from the oil-contaminated soils of the three automobile garages and control. The results of particle soil analysis revealed the high content of sandy soil (96.2 to 87.3) and silt is the lowest with (2.5–0.6). Magnesium had the highest concentration of studied minerals, ranging from 193 to 649.2 mg/kg. while PH result revealed that the soil samples were pH value ranged from (16.85–16.20) in oil Contaminated samples, while the control had 15.90, and electrical conductivity ranged from 12.8–13.8 % and 28 % in control, four fungal isolates Aspergillus sp. , Penicillum sp. , Mucor sp. and Sporobolomyces sp. were identified based on colonial, sexual and morphological characteristics. These fungal strains can be used in bioremediation process and oil pollution reduction in aquatic ecosystems.
Decoding the dynamic perception of risk and speed using naturalistic stimuli: A multivariate, whole‐brain analysis

Abstract Time‐resolved decoding of speed and risk perception in car driving is important for understanding the perceptual processes related to driving safety. In this study, we used an fMRI‐compatible trackball with naturalistic stimuli to record dynamic ratings of perceived risk and speed and investigated the degree to which different brain regions were able to decode these. We presented participants with first‐person perspective videos of cars racing on the same course. These videos varied in terms of subjectively perceived speed and risk profiles, as determined during a behavioral pilot. During the fMRI experiment, participants used the trackball to dynamically rate subjective risk in a first and speed in a second session and assessed overall risk and speed after watching each video. A standard multivariate correlation analysis based on these ratings revealed sparse decodability in visual areas only for the risk ratings. In contrast, the dynamic rating‐based correlation analysis uncovered frontal, visual, and temporal region activation for subjective risk and dorsal visual stream and temporal region activation for subjectively perceived speed. Interestingly, further analyses showed that the brain regions for decoding risk changed over time, whereas those for decoding speed remained constant. Overall, our results demonstrate the advantages of time‐resolved decoding to help our understanding of the dynamic networks associated with decoding risk and speed perception in realistic driving scenarios.
Kinematics of Late Quaternary Slip Along the Qishan‐Mazhao Fault: Implications for Tectonic Deformation on the Southwestern Ordos, China

The northwest striking Qishan‐Mazhao fault (QMF) accommodates complex deformation in the Tibet‐Ordos transition zone. We studied the geologic and geomorphic expression of the QMF using interpretations of high‐resolution satellite images and structure‐from‐motion models combined with detailed field investigations. Displaced loess tablelands, stream channels, and fluvial terraces show that the QMF is predominately a left‐lateral strike‐slip fault with a minor normal component. The magnetic susceptibility and optically stimulated luminescence ages of offset fluvial terraces yield left‐lateral slip rates ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mm/year. Regionally, the QMF and the Haiyuan fault (HYF) form a large right step, in which the Liupanshan Mountains are located. The QMF shares a similar orientation and sense of motion to the HYF, suggesting that the left‐lateral slip of the HYF is not completely absorbed as crustal shortening across the Liupanshan Mountains but is partially transferred to slip along the QMF.
Erythropoietin‐derived peptide ARA290 mediates brain tissue protection through the β‐common receptor in mice with cerebral ischemic stroke

Abstract Aim To explore the neuroprotective effects of ARA290 and the role of β‐common receptor (βCR) in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods This study included male C57BL/6J mice that underwent MCAO and reperfusion. The neuroprotective effect of ARA290 on MCAO‐induced brain injury was investigated using neurological function tests (Longa and modified neurological severity score). Cerebral infarction was examined by 2, 3, 5‐triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, neuronal apoptosis was assessed by immunofluorescence staining, blood parameters were measured using a flow cytometry‐based automated hematology analyzer, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the serum metabolomics signature, inflammatory cytokines and liver index were detected by commercially available kits, and the protein levels of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor and βCR were measured by western blot. Results ARA290 exerted a qualitatively similar neuroprotective effect after MCAO as EPO. ARA290 significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis and the level of inflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue. However, ARA290's neuroprotective effect was significantly suppressed following the injection of siRNA against βCR. Conclusion ARA290 provided a neuroprotective effect via βCR in cerebral ischemic mice without causing erythropoiesis. This study provides novel insights into the role of ARA290 in ischemic stroke intervention.
Cross-cultural comparison of hofstede's dimensions and decision-making Style within CEE context

The position of three Central European countries (Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Slovenia) on Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture is estimated on the basis of matched samples of graduate students. The findings show that there are some important similarities and differences in value orientation among countries that shared the same political and economic context. In spite of very small geographical distance and the fact that these countries used to be federal units of the same state – former Yugoslavia, there are evidential cultural differences articulated through specific positions within each dimension. The authors used VSM 94 questionnaire consisting of five dimensions of national culture (power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, individualism/collectivism and long-term/short- term orientation) and added analysis of decision- making style (autocratic, pseudo-consultative, consultative, participative, pseudo-participative and delegatory style). In addition, the paper focuses on exploring cultural differences in decision style and the role of dimensions of national culture as predictors of decision-making style. Furthermore, the aim is to identify differences in decision style in terms of practiced style, preferred style or judgment about the most effective style in Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Slovenia. The differences in value orientation and those in decision-making style cannot be neglected as they may influence future business cooperation and politico-economic integration, so the paper proposes inputs for future arrangements and their success within CEE context.
Effect of Unsaturated Flow Modes on Partitioning Dynamics of Gravity‐Driven Flow at a Simple Fracture Intersection: Laboratory Study and Three‐Dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulations

In this work, we study gravity‐driven flow of water in the presence of air on a synthetic surface intersected by a horizontal fracture and investigate the importance of droplet and rivulet flow modes on the partitioning behavior at the fracture intersection. We present laboratory experiments, three‐dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations using a heavily parallelized code, and a theoretical analysis. The flow‐rate‐dependent mode switching from droplets to rivulets is observed in experiments and reproduced by the SPH model, and the transition ranges agree in SPH simulations and laboratory experiments. We show that flow modes heavily influence the “bypass” behavior of water flowing along a fracture junction. Flows favoring the formation of droplets exhibit a much stronger bypass capacity compared to rivulet flows, where nearly the whole fluid mass is initially stored within the horizontal fracture. The effect of fluid buffering within the horizontal fracture is presented in terms of dimensionless fracture inflow so that characteristic scaling regimes can be recovered. For both cases (rivulets and droplets), the flow within the horizontal fracture transitions into a Washburn regime until a critical threshold is reached and the bypass efficiency increases. For rivulet flows, the initial filling of the horizontal fracture is described by classical plug flow. Meanwhile, for droplet flows, a size‐dependent partitioning behavior is observed, and the filling of the fracture takes longer. For the case of rivulet flow, we provide an analytical solution that demonstrates the existence of classical Washburn flow within the horizontal fracture.
Chronology and late-Holocene evolution of Caleta de los Loros, NE Patagonia, Argentina

Geomorphological and sedimentary records of Holocene coastal deposits may serve as archives for the local reconstruction of trends in coastal evolution and of the key forcing parameters controlling long-term change. We here present new observations on the sedimentology, chronology, and surface properties of a coupled beach ridge and coastal lagoon system located on the northern shore of San Matías Gulf, NE Patagonia, Argentina. The study is based on remotely sensed data, sediment cores, and a large number of samples dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The field site is located in a topographical depression within a cliffed shoreline composed of friable sand and gravel stones. The oldest preserved lagoonal deposits formed in the protected inner part of the system c. 2300 years ago. An up to 4-km-wide strandplain prograded rapidly between c. 1000 and 500 years in the more exposed western part of the system. Lagoonal deposition occurred primarily during the last 500 years. The chronology and spatial arrangement of landforms appear to result from a switch-over in sediment delivery probably caused by local implications of major shifts in climate regime. Even though we were not able to identify or benchmark the precise triggers of geomorphological change at Caleta de los Loros, our study presents an example of the potential importance of environmental changes on the rapid and non-linear development of coastal sedimentary systems.
The Effectiveness of P6 and Auricular Acupressure as a Complimentary Therapy in Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Among Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most prevalent and distressing side effects of chemotherapy among patients with cancer worldwide. Despite continuing advances in antiemetic medicines, nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy remain a substantial therapeutic concern for many patients. However, P6 and Auricular acupressure (AA) have been recognized as potential therapy for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of P6 and Auricular acupressure (AA) in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among patients with cancer. And to explore a prominent and effective evidence-based protocol for implementing acupressure to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Method: This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Several databases were used to search for eligible studies using specific keywords. Only systematic reviews and clinical trials on acupressure for managing CINV among adults with cancer were included. This review covered articles published in English from 2015 to 2022. Results: A total of 14 published studies were included in this review study; 10 articles were trial studies, and the other 4 were systematic review and meta-analysis studies. The quality of 10 included clinical trials were assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for quantitative studies, the overall result showed that 40% of study rated with moderate quality, no study was rated with low quality, and (60%) studies rated as high-quality study. As well as the quality assessment of all review studies showed that the majority of included systematic reviews and meta-analysis with a low risk of bias and high to moderate power of evidence. In all included studies the acupressure was utilized as a primary complementary intervention for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. The result of this extensive and comprehensive review the P6 and auricular acupressure is an effective complementary therapy in reducing and controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among participants with various types of cancer and receiving various types of chemotherapy. Conclusion: The successful and effective application of acupressure in managing CINV for certain types of cancer had been supported in previous literature as a safe, affordable, and non-invasive alternative to pharmaceutical medications. However, standardization guidelines regarding the use of acupressure independently or in combination with other pharmacological therapies to address CINV in various cancers require immediate attention.
Update, Comparison, and Interpretation of the Ground‐Motion Prediction Equation for “The Geysers” Geothermal Area in the Light of New Data

The reliability and accuracy of the ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) are of prime interest while evaluating seismic hazard for any region. The regular updates and minimization of the uncertainties associated with the coefficients of the GMPEs are important for improving ground-motion predictions and consequent performance of seismic hazard maps. Thus, in the present study, we propose an update of the GMPEs estimated by Sharma et al. (2013) in The Geysers geothermal area. The update is done using the huge dataset available and by extending the magnitude range as well as distance range. The previous dataset used by Sharma et al. (2013) was composed of 212 earthquakes recorded at 29 stations with the magnitude range between 1:3 ≤ Mw ≤ 3:3 and distance range between 0:6 ≤ Rhypo ≤ 20 km. The new dataset encloses 10,974 induced earthquakes recorded at 29 stations with the magnitude range between 0:7 ≤ Mw ≤ 3:3 and distance range between 0:1 ≤ Rhypo ≤ 73 km. We compute updated GMPEs for peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground acceleration (PGA), and 5% damped spectral acceleration (SA) (T) at T 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 s. The mean ground-motion predictions of the updated model proposed in the present study and the associated uncertainties are compared with the previous model proposed by Sharma et al. (2013) and with other models specifically developed for small-magnitude earthquakes. The GMPEs are derived using a nonlinear mixed-effect regression technique that accounts for both interevent and intraevent dependencies in the data. We also demonstrate the dependency of aleatory (random) uncertainties and epistemic (informative) uncertainties on source, medium, and site properties. We also concluded that the medium is behaving homogeneously in terms of peak groundmotion attenuation by analyzing uncertainties associated with different groundmotion periods. Electronic Supplement: Table showing the site correction parameter and/or site term obtained and figures showing distributions of residuals for peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground acceleration (PGA), and spectral accelerations (SAs).