Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fermentation and storage of probiotic yoghurt from goat’s milk

Kravlje i kozje mlijeko fermentirano je ABT4 kulturom. Istraživan je rast sojeva Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus i Bifidobacterium ssp. u kontrolnom i inulinom obogacenom kozjem mlijeku u usporedbi s kravljim mlijekom, kao i preživljavanje sojeva tijekom 28 dana cuvanja. Fermentacija obje vrste mlijeka do željene pH-vrijednosti 4, 6 trajala je 6 sati. U tom periodu udjel živih stanica pojedinih sojeva Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus i Bifidobacterium ssp. bio je podjednak 40 : 33 : 27 u svim fermentiranim uzorcima. Tijekom cuvanja broj streptokoka i bifidobakterija nije opadao. U uzorcima s dodatkom inulina broj bifidobakterija se nesto povecao te je 28. dana u tim uzorcima njihov broj bio veci nego u kontrolnim za oko 0, 6 logaritamskih jedinica. Preživljavanje laktobacila tijekom cuvanja bilo je losije u fermentiranom kozjem mlijeku nego u fermentiranom kravljem mlijeku. Dodatak inulina poboljsao je cvrstocu koaguluma, a u uzorcima od kozjeg mlijeka ublažio karakteristican okus kozjeg mlijeka. Fermentirani uzorci od kozjeg mlijeka tijekom cuvanja bili su bolje senzorski ocjenjeni u odnosu na uzorke od kravljeg mlijeka. Kozje mlijeko fermentirano probiotickim bakterijama te obogaceno inulinom zadovoljava sve potrebe funkcionalne hrane.
Insiders' Tax Preferences and Firms' Choices between Dividends and Share Repurchases

Abstract This paper investigates whether corporate payout policy is associated with insiders' share holdings and their tax preferences. We find that insider ownership and the implied tax liabilities are positively related to a firm's propensity to employ share repurchases. Firms with higher levels of or greater increases in insider ownership prefer stock repurchases to cash dividends. This relation is more significant in years when dividends were more tax disadvantaged relative to capital gains. Our findings are robust to the endogeneity of insider ownership and the inclusion of various control variables such as firm size, permanence of cash flows, growth opportunities, institutional ownership, and executive stock options. Overall, our results suggest that personal tax considerations from insiders affect corporate payout decisions.
Antioxidant and Nutritional Components of Egg plant (Solanum melongena L) Fruit Grown in Saurastra Region

A B S T R A C T Eggplant or brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) fruit is known for vegetables of diet food because of high moisture content and low caloritic value. However, it is a good source of antioxidants as well as some phytonutrients. So the experiment was conducted to study the nutritional quality along with various parameters contributing antioxidant activity from brinjal fruits of local varieties. The findings revealed from all the variety studied, shows 25.17-40.35% radical scavenging activity (DPPH), comparable amount of flavanoids (7.42-13.25 mg.100g -1 ) and anthocyanine content along with total phenol (32.89-39.12 mg.100g -1 ), ascorbic acid ( 9.43-16.75 mg.100g -1 ), protein (0.92-1.39 %) and titrable acidity (0.20-0.32 %) in a pulp of brinjal fruits. The activity value for polyphenol oxidase (PPO), the enzyme responsible for the browning reaction was ranges from 0.66 to 1.39 OD. min -1 . g -1 in a fresh pulp of brinjal. These results reveal that variety nutritionally found better due to its higher antioxidant property, proteins and sugar content. K e y w o r d s
Glycerol citrate polyesters produced through heating without catalysis

The influence of various heating methods without catalysis to prepare polyesters from citric acid : glycerol blends were studied. In the presence of short-term microwave treatments, i.e., 60 s at 1200 W, blends of glycerol and citric acid invariably formed solid amorphous polyesters. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that citric acid and glycerol blends can form highly stable polymers composed of ester bonds. The glycerol citrate polyester polymers exhibited the least degradation in water, more in acid solutions (0.1–1.0M HCl), and the most deterioration in strong alkaline solutions (0.1–1.0M NaOH) after 72 h soakings. Polyesters of glycerol and citric acid were studied with differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. The polyesters were found to be thermally stable (up to 313°C). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Comparative studies of the reduction behavior of chromium(VI) by humic substances and their precursors

Hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) is reduced by dissolved organic carbons (DOCs) such as humic substances, tannic acid (TA), and gallic acid (GA). The kinetic constants and the resulting chemical species after the reduction were compared with each other. The kinetic constants for GA and TA, which are model precursors of humic substances, were two to three orders of magnitude larger than those for the humic substances when these kinetic constants were expressed as a function of the molar concentration of the reductive functional group (Fred) in various DOCs. After the reduction of Cr(VI), the percentages of the species complexed with GA and TA were higher than those with the humic substances. This appears to be due to the formation of high molecular weight compounds by polymerization during the reduction of Cr(VI) and complexation of Cr(III) with the polymerized compounds. The UV‐vis spectrophotometric data and gel permeation chromatography support this view.
Bullish/Bearish Strategies of Trading: A Nonlinear Equilibrium

Abstract We study a financial market where risk-neutral traders are endowed with a signal that perfectly reveals the direction (but not the exact amount) of the liquidation value of a normally distributed risky asset. The impact of order flow on prices is nonlinear with a bullish/bearish information structure, which is broadly consistent with empirical evidence. Also, private information is revealed quicker than in a strategic oligopoly.
The Signaling Hypothesis Revisited: Evidence from Foreign IPOs

Abstract While the signaling hypothesis has played a prominent role as the economic rationale associated with the initial public offering (IPO) underpricing puzzle (Welch (1989)), the empirical evidence on it has been mixed at best (Jegadeesh, Weinstein, and Welch (1993), Michaely and Shaw (1994)). This paper revisits the issue from the vantage point of close to two decades of additional experience by examining a sample of foreign IPOs—firms from both financially integrated and segmented markets—in U.S. markets. The evidence indicates that signaling does matter in determining IPO underpricing, especially for firms domiciled in countries with segmented markets, which as a result face higher information asymmetry and lack access to external capital markets. We find a significant positive and robust relationship between the degree of IPO underpricing and segmented-market firms’ seasoned equity offering (SEO) activities. For firms from integrated markets, in contrast, the analyst-coverage purchase hypothesis appears to matter more in explaining IPO underpricing, and the aftermarket price appreciation explains these firms’ SEO activities. The evidence, therefore, clearly supports the notion that some firms are willing to leave money on the table voluntarily to get a more favorable price at seasoned offerings when they are substantially wealth constrained, a prediction embedded in the signaling hypothesis.
Fabrication and characterisation of Fe3O4 nanowires via an ethylenediamine-assisted route

In this article, Fe3O4 nanowires were synthesised from iron chloride, using ethylenediamine (EN)–water mixed solvent as the medium. The as-prepared powders were characterised in detail by conventional techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, transmission electron microscope and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. An EN is a bidentate ligand and it can react with metal ions to form relatively stable metal complexes which plays important roles in the formation of the products in the process. And their magnetic properties were evaluated on a vibrating magnetometer. The sample exhibits a high first discharge capacity of 902 mAh/g, which enables it to be used for a lithium-ion battery.
Capital Market Efficiency and Arbitrage Efficacy

Abstract Efficiency in the capital markets requires that capital flows are sufficient to arbitrage anomalies away. We examine the relation between flows to a quantitative (quant) strategy that is based on capital market anomalies and the subsequent performance of this strategy. When these flows are high, quant funds are able to implement arbitrage strategies more effectively, which in turn leads to lower profitability of market anomalies in the future, and vice versa. Thus, the degree of cross-sectional equity market efficiency varies across time with the availability of arbitrage capital.
Phase optimized skeletal mechanisms for engine simulations

Adaptive chemistry is based on the principle that instead of having one comprehensive model describing the entire range of chemical source term space (typically parameters related to temperature, pressure and species concentrations), a set of computationally simpler models are used, each describing a local region (in multidimensional space) or phases (in zero-dimensional space). In this work, an adaptive chemistry method based on phase optimized skeletal mechanisms (POSM) is applied to a 96 species n-heptane–isooctane mechanism within a two-zone zero-dimensional stochastic reactor model (SRM) for an spark-ignition (SI) Engine. Two models differing only in the extent of reduction in the phase mechanism, gave speed-up factors of 2.7 and 10. The novelty and emphasis of this study is the use of machine learning techniques to decide where the phases are and to produce a usable phase recognition. The combustion process is automatically divided up into an ‘optimal’ set of phases through machine learning clustering based on fuzzy logic predicates involving a necessity parameter (a measure giving an indication whether a species should be included in the mechanism or not). The mechanism of each phase is reduced from the full mechanism based on this necessity parameter with respect to the conditions of that phase. The algorithm to decide which phase the process is in is automatically determined by another machine learning method that produces decision trees. The decision tree is made up of asking whether the mass fraction values were above or below given values. Two POSM studies were done, a conservative POSM where the species in each phase are eliminated based on a necessity parameter threshold (speed-up 2.7) and a further reduced POSM where each phase was further reduced by hand (speed-up 10). The automated techniques of determining the phases and for creating the decision tree are very general and are not limited to the parameter choices of this paper. There is also no fundamental limit as to the size of the original detailed mechanism. The interfacing to include POSM in an application does not differ significantly from using the original detailed mechanism.
LEAF LITTER DECOMPOSITION AND WEIGHT LOSS PATTERN OF FIVE TROPICAL TREE SPECIES

Leaf litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems has a major role in recycling the nutrients to the soil. Various biotic (microorganisms) and abiotic (temperature, rainfall, humidity, seasonal variations) factors affect the rate of litter decomposition. This paper aims to compare leaf litter decomposition and weight loss pattern of five tropical tree species, and assess the effect of temperature and rainfall to the decomposition. A leaf litter bag method was used to assess the decomposition pattern for one year. Both decomposition rate constant (k), and weight loss were highest for Mallotus philippensis (% weight loss = 73.49; k = 0.33) and lowest for Shorea robusta (% weight loss = 54.01; k = 0.18). The study showed a significant positive correlation between decomposition rate constant (k) and temperature (p = 0.000; r = 0.54) and rainfall (p = 0.000; r = 0.51). The rate of leaf litter decomposition is primarily governed by biological organisms which in turn, get largely affected by climatic condition, especially temperature and precipitation, and litter quality. Thus, there is a need to analyze properties of leaf litter while using them as compost to get better production.
New Ions for Therapy.

Purpose Charged particle therapy (CPT) is currently based on the use of protons or carbon ions for the treatment of deep-seated and/or radioresistant tumors, which are known to return poor prognosis in photon treatments. A renovated interest has recently been observed in the possibility of extending the spectrum of ions used in CPT. The potential and limitations of different particle species will be discussed in this work, with special regard to 1H, 4He, 12C, and 16O, that is, those presently available in the most advanced particle therapy clinical centers. Materials and Methods Literature information has been screened, as well as additional analysis has been performed, aimed at the comparison of basic physical and biological properties of several ions. The research treatment planning system TRiP98 is also employed to compare the dose distribution resulting from exposure to the different ions in different configurations, including the irradiation of hypoxic targets. Results Particles of intermediate charge, such as helium and lithium, offer an increased physical selectivity compared with protons, while having reduced biological effectiveness compared with carbon. The latter aspect translates into a less sensitive biological optimization of CPT treatments, though still more effective than protons in killing cancer cells. At the same time, in view of their increased linear energy transfer, heavier ions, like oxygen, are considered attractive, especially for the treatment of hypoxic tumors. While the higher biological dose released in the entrance dose represents in general a drawback for ions heavier than carbon, for oxygen beam this effect may be balanced by the lower dose increase requested to overcome hypoxia. Conclusions The possibility of delivering radiation quality-optimized CPT treatments seems to be the new challenge in heavy ion therapy. The potential and limitations of different particle species, according to different sensitivity and morphological scenarios, makes combined treatments of different ions an intriguing option. New ions could open new scenarios in cancer therapy, but would represent as well an opportunity for the treatment of specific non-cancer disease such as atrial fibrillation.
Rethinking Residual Connection with Layer Normalization

Residual connection, a.k. a. skip connection, is a widely-used technique to improve the performance and the convergence of deep neural networks, which is believed to relieve the difﬁculty in optimization due to non-linearity by propagating a linear component through the neural network layers. However, from another point of view, it can also be seen as a modulating mechanism between the input and the output, with the input scaled by a pre-deﬁned value one. In this work, we investigate how the scale factors in the effectiveness of the skip connection and reveal that a trivial adjustment of the scale will lead to spurious gradient exploding or vanishing in line with the deepness of the models, which could by addressed by normalization, in particular, layer normalization, which induces consistent improvements over the plain skip connection. Inspired by the ﬁndings, we further propose to adaptively adjust the scale of the input by recursively applying skip connection with layer normalization, which promotes the performance substantially and generalizes well across diverse tasks including both machine translation and image classiﬁcation datasets.
Control of the Heterogeneous Azeotropic n-Butanol/Water Distillation System

The interest in n-butanol as a biofuel has increased in recent years because of its superior fuel qualities compared to ethanol: higher octane number, lower heat of vaporization, higher energy density (energy/volume), and lower vapor pressure. However, the concentration of n-butanol coming from the fermenter is lower than that achieved in ethanol fermentation. In addition, acetone and ethanol are also produced. Recent studies to improve yield and increase n-butanol concentration have explored fed-batch systems with stripping, adsorption, liquid−liquid extraction, distillation, and/or pervaporation to recover products. The production of n-butanol involves removing the acetone and ethanol and separating the n-butanol from the water. This separation is made difficult by the presence of an azeotrope. Fortunately, unlike the homogeneous azeotrope found in the ethanol/water system, the n-butanol/water azeotrope is heterogeneous; thus, two liquid phases occur in the decanter. Therefore, a simple two-column disti.
A Rising Tide? The Local Incidence of the Second Wave of Globalization

We estimate the shortand long-run local labor market impacts of the large increase in U.S. imports and exports that occurred during the 1970s. We exploit the sequential opening of overseas shipping container ports over the period to identify the effects, and interpret the local average treatment effect as reflecting the relative impact of containerization on local standards of living, which we find to be positive in both the short and long run. We show that the positive impact of the export shock on employment, income, and home and rental prices is large, but short-lived, suggesting that U.S. local labor markets equilibrated quickly. The negative import effects are also large and mostly short-lived, but we find strong persistence in the impact on home and rental prices. We show that this is due to the fact that the housing stock is durable and so does not easily contract. This leads to asymmetric adjustment costs for the housing stock that have important welfare implications.
STRATEGIC INNOVATION, A CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ON PERFORMANCE OF TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES IN RWANDA

The main objective of this study was designed to examine the influence of strategic innovation on the performance of telecommunication companies in Rwanda and to assess the moderating influence of legal and regulatory framework on the performance of Telecommunication industry in Rwanda. This study applied descriptive survey design and utilized both qualitative and quantitative data. The study population included the 133 Top and middle level, managers of mobile phone operator companies in Rwanda which comprised of MTN and Airtel company Headquarter and different branches within Kigali City from which a sample size of 100 respondents were calculated using the slovens formula which is commonly used for calculating sample size in research. Hence the distribution of questionnaires and interview was subjected to the top and middle level management teams of both MTN and Airtel as an efficient mechanism for collecting data that helped the researcher to arrive at reliable findings. The correlation results revealed that Strategic innovation positively correlates with Performance of Telecommunication industry (r = 0.868**, ρ<.05). As revealed, Legal & regulatory framework (r = 0.905**, ρ<.05) was positively associated with Performance of Telecommunication industry. The research managerial recommendations emphasized the need for telecom managers to build a strong bottom-up component in the strategic innovation structures to ensure that views, ideas and opinions of people across all levels of the organization are heard and that they are part of the plan and part of the process. Areas for further research should include other sectors of the economy such as; public transport, airlines and learning institutions in order to be studied on a much broader perspective.
MECHANICS OF FORWARD FLIGHT IN BUMBLEBEES

This paper examines the aerodynamics and power requirements of forward flight in bumblebees. Measurements were made of the steady-state lift and drag forces acting on bumblebee wings and bodies. The aerodynamic force and pitching moment balances for bumblebees previously filmed in free flight were calculated. A detailed aerodynamic analysis was used to show that quasi-steady aerodynamic mechanisms are inadequate to explain even fast forward flight. Calculations of the mechanical power requirements of forward flight show that the power required to fly is independent of airspeed over a range from hovering flight to an airspeed of 4-5ms~.
Morningness- Eveningness Preferences among First Year Medical Students

Background: Morningness and eveningness is a phenomenon which looks at the differences among individuals regarding their diurnal preferences, sleep-wake pattern of activity, and alertness in evening or morning. Morning chronotypes are known to exhibit better physical and mental health, greater self esteem and academic performance. Evening chronotypes has been to be associated with several mental disorders, infection prone and have poor sleep quality. Students of Medicine have an average of sleep duration of 6 hrs per day in contrast to 8 hrs of sleep which is seen in other groups. Objectives: To study the morningness eveningness preferences among first year medical students. Methodology: With the approval of Institutional ethical committee this cross sectional study was carried out among 130 first year medical students. Informed consent was taken and the British version of the Horne and Ostberg questionnaire was administered. Confidentiality was maintained and the recorded responses were analyzed using Microsoft excel and Epi Info 7. Results: 34.61% (45) of the study population belong to moderate evening category and 13.07% (17) to definite evening category. Ours study also reveals that 9.23% (12) belong to neither of the morning or evening categories. Our results also show that 26.15% (34) belong to definite morning types and 16.92% (22) belong to moderate morning types. Conclusion: Our study shows that the study population which is first year MBBS students show more inclination towards eveningness. Scheduling of academic activities based on the chronotypes will help the students to improve upon their academic performance.
TIME-SERIES MODELS FORECASTING PERFORMANCE IN THE BALTIC

Contradicting evidence on time-series and financial analysts’ forecasting performance calls for further research in emerging markets. Motivation to use time-series models rather than analysts’ forecasts stems from recent research that reports time-series predictions to be superior to analysts’ forecasts in predicting earnings for longer periods and for small firms that are hardly followed by financial analysts, especially in emerging markets. The paper aims to explore time-series models performance in forecasting quarterly earnings for Baltic firms in 2000-2009. The paper uses simple and seasonal random walk models with and without drift, Foster’s, Brown-Rozeff ’s and Griffin-Watts’ models to forecast quarterly earnings. It also employs the firm-specific Box-Jenkins methodology to perform time-series analysis for individual firms. Forecasting performance of selected models is compared on the basis of goodness-of-fit statistics. The paper finds that naïve time-series models outperform premier ARIMA family models in terms of mean percentage errors and average ranks. The findings suggest that investors use naïve models to form their expectations.