Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explaining Extremity in Evaluation of Group Members: Meta-Analytic Tests of Three Theories

A meta-analysis that included more than 1,100 effect sizes tested the predictions of three theoretical perspectives that explain evaluative extremity in social judgment: complexity-extremity theory, subjective group dynamics model, and expectancy-violation theory. The work seeks to understand the ways in which group-based information interacts with person-based information to influence extremity in evaluations. Together, these three theories point to the valence of person-based information, group membership of the evaluated targets relative to the evaluator, status of the evaluators’ ingroup, norm consistency of the person-based information, and incongruency of person-based information with stereotypebased expectations as moderators. Considerable support, but some limiting conditions, were found for each theoretical perspective. Implications of the results are discussed.
Physical processes influencing the occurrence of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) around Jeju Island, Korea

The physical and biological processes affecting the spatial distribution of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai were investigated in the northern East China Sea and southern Yellow Sea in July 2006, when large abundances of this jellyfish occurred in Korean waters. Well-characterized water masses were detected during the study period. These were the Tsushima Current water, Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water and Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW). The spatial distribution of Chl a concentrations estimated by ocean colour imagery showed that the CDW flows to the northeast. The CDW was accompanied by high abundances of small and medium-sized zooplankton (0.2-0.5 mm and 0.5-1.0 mm, respectively) and N. nomurai, in comparison with the other water masses. Large (1.0-2.0 mm) and macro-sized zooplankton (2.0-5.0 mm) did not show a relationship with the CDW. The distribution of N. nomurai was very restricted and intimately related with the CDW. In fact, large abundances only occurred in the western boundary region of the CDW. The results were supported by Pearson’s correlation analysis, which showed a positive relationship between the CDW, small- and medium-sized zooplankton and the giant jellyfish. We conclude that the CDW had entrained N. nomurai into the waters off the southwest coast of the Korean peninsula and it was then transported into the Yellow and East/Japan seas.
Influence of different seed densities and nitrogen levels on growth, yield attributes and yield of dry seeded irrigated rice

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2003-04 to find out the response of rice to different seed densities and nitrogen levels under dry seeded irrigated conditions. Sowing the higher seed densities produced more number of tillers and dry matter production at different growth stages when compared to sowing with 200 seeds m-2. In general application of 100 or 150 kg N ha-1 significantly increased the tiller number and dry matter production at different growth stages. Effective tillers were more in 300 seeds m-2 over 200 seeds m-2. Nitrogen application increased all the yield components. Sowing of 300 seeds m-2 produced higher grain and straw yield than 200 seeds m-2. Application of 150 kg N ha-1 produced significantly higher grain yield than other doses and straw yields were more at 100 kg N ha-1.
Additional Materials for “Tectonic plates in 3D mantle convec- tion model with stress-history-dependent rheology”

Takehiro Miyagoshi, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan, miyagoshi@jamstec.go. jp Masanori Kameyama, Geodynamics Research Center (GRC), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan, kameyama@sci.ehime-u.ac. jp Masaki Ogawa, Department of Earth Sciences and Astronomy, University of Tokyo at Komaba, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan, cmaogawa@mail.ecc. u-tokyo.ac. jp
The relative abundance of the hymenopterous parasites attacking Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) and Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on cereals during 1973–79 in southern England

In studies in southern England, the relative abundance of the hymenopterous parasites attacking Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.) and Sitobion avenae (F.) differed between their hosts, between years (1973–79) and on whether they were assessed using field or laboratory-reared mummies. Species of the complex of Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki were usually the commonest parasites, especially from mummies of M. dirhodum , while Aphidius picipes (Nees) was less common and tended to attack mainly S. avenae ; Toxares deltiger (Hal.) was common only in 1979. Species of hyperparasites emerged most frequently from mummies of M. dirhodum , except for Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curt.), which emerged most often from S. avenae .
DURATION PARAMETERS FOR THE SELECTION OF GROUND MOTION TIME HISTORIES FOR NON LINEAR ANALYSIS OF EMBANKMENT DAMS

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of embankment dams requires a definition of the input motion that goes beyond the specification of a spectral content. The seismic input must be expressed in terms of a time-history realization of the selected design/evaluation earthquake. The problem is complicated by the stress path-dependency of nonlinear constitutive models, and this leads to the commonly accepted practice of using multiple sets of acceleration time histories for these types of analyses. Typically, natural records must be modified to reflect the specified target conditions, and in some cases are complemented with artificially generated time histories to provide a representative set of ground motions. However, the particular characteristics of each time history may lead to appreciable differences in the predicted response. This paper presents a preliminary investigation on the influence of accelerogram characteristics on post-liquefaction deformation analysis of embankment dams. The effects of the earthquake records are evaluated for a simple embankment dam using the two-dimensional finite difference program FLAC and the UBCSAND constitutive model to estimate the dynamic response. Nine earthquake records were selected for evaluation. The sensitivity of the analysis results to the input motion is investigated in terms of the predicted dynamic deformations, as well as the extent and timing of associated liquefaction phenomena.
COEVOLUTIONARY INTERACTIONS BETWEEN COMMON CUCKOOS AND CORN BUNTINGS

Abstract Although Old World buntings (Emberizinae) may be considered suitable Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) hosts, there is at present no evidence that any of the European species are regularly parasitized. Most historical parasitism records refer to the Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) and Reed Bunting (E. schoeniclus). Both of these species reject almost 100% of experimentally added nonmimetic eggs, and also a considerable proportion of experimentally added conspecific eggs, showing exquisite egg discrimination abilities. In this paper, we report Common Cuckoo parasitism and egg rejection behavior in a Bulgarian population of another Old World Emberizinae, the Corn Bunting (Miliaria calandra). We found this species was regularly parasitized (9%, 8 of 90 nests) and that the parasitism rate was consistent among the three years of our study. Naturally laid Common Cuckoo eggs were fairly good mimics of host eggs and most were accepted (5 of 7). The Corn Bunting proved to be a suitable Common Cuckoo host as we recorded a successfully fledged cuckoo chick. Unlike Yellowhammers and Reed Buntings, Corn Buntings rejected only 42% (16 of 38) of experimentally introduced nonmimetic model Common Cuckoo eggs and none of the experimentally introduced conspecific eggs (n = 13). Parasitized nests had more and higher trees in the vicinity than unparasitized nests and breeding habitat characteristics may explain the difference in egg discrimination abilities between Corn Buntings and other Old World Emberizinae.
Effect of various mulches on growth, yield and quality attributes of apple

Influence on growth, yield and quality attributes of 10-years-old apple trees as influenced by different mulching treatments were studied. The dry grass and black polythene mulches were observed to be equally effective in producing the maximum annual extension growth, whereas the effect of mulching on bloom density and initial fruit set were found to be non significant. The final fruit retention and subsequent yield were recorded the highest from the tree receiving the dry grass mulch, while the minimum fruit yield and maximum fruit drop were observed under clean cultivation. The application of organic mulches gave relatively low T.S. S. and high acidity than black polythene mulching and clean cultivation. The poor aeration, non-decomposable nature and high cost are the constraints of using black polythene as a mulch material. In view of the superiority over other organic muIches and clean cuItivation, the use of dry grass as the mulch material for increasing the productivity of apple orchards is recommended under humid temperate mid hill conditions of Uttaranchal.
A survey of farm-level practices on endangered Leucadendron species and the future influence of ecotourism development on the Agulhas plain

Large parts of the Agulhas Plain (AP) contribute to the commercial export cut flower industry of South Africa while many threatened and endemic species are destroyed by local authorities and cut flower harvesters. The Western Cape is the largest area where threatened Red Data species are not at all known and the illegal harvesting of these species continues. Leucadendron platyspermum was the most harvested of the surveyed species with the biggest harvests mainly reported from orchard plantations. Agriculture was perceived to be the lowest threat to the environment, compared to alien invasive species which was reported to be the biggest threat. Fire was seen as the most important factor to enhance the re-growth of species in nature. Permit possession of farmers were high, however the misuse of permits and the lack of authorities visiting farms was evident. The ecotourism potential of the Agulhas Plain remains undeveloped, although respondents reacted positively to conservation and the promotion of ecotourism on the Agulhas Plain. Training in the conservation of Red Data species remains low as a lack of information on Red Data species exists. A big concern is that very few Red Data species are propagated to increase the awareness of these species.
Multiple Shoot Induction and Plant Regeneration from Nodal Explants of Chili Peppers ( L.) Capsicum annuum

An efficient, rapid and reproducible protocol was developed for in vitro multiplication by direct shoot bud induction from nodal explants of three chili pepper genotypes (Capsicum annuum L. cv. LCA-206, cv. G-4 and cv. PC-1). Among the genotypesC. annuum L. cv. LCA-206 responded better than the cv. G-4 and cv. PC-1. Maximum number of shoot buds in all the genotypes of chili pepper i.e., 8.80±0.15 (cv. LCA-206), 7.00±0.17(cv.G-4) and 6.32±0.10(cv. PC-1) were achieved on MS medium containing BAP(5.0mg/l) in combination with IAA(0.5mg/l). The shoots were rooted on MS medium fortified with IBA(0.5mg/l). The plants showed 80-90% survival during transplantation, were normal with respect to morphology and growth characteristics between the parent plants and in vitro raised plants. : BAP, IAA, IBA, MS medium, nodal explant, rooting
Curb-GAN: Conditional Urban Traffic Estimation through Spatio-Temporal Generative Adversarial Networks

Given an urban development plan and the historical traffic observations over the road network, the Conditional Urban Traffic Estimation problem aims to estimate the resulting traffic status prior to the deployment of the plan. This problem is of great importance to urban development and transportation management, yet is very challenging because the plan would change the local travel demands drastically and the new travel demand pattern might be unprecedented in the historical data. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel Conditional Urban Traffic Generative Adversarial Network (Curb-GAN), which provides traffic estimations in consecutive time slots based on different (unprecedented) travel demands, thus enables urban planners to accurately evaluate urban plans before deploying them. The proposed Curb-GAN adopts and advances the conditional GAN structure through a few novel ideas: (1) dealing with various travel demands as the "conditions" and generating corresponding traffic estimations, (2) integrating dynamic convolutional layers to capture the local spatial auto-correlations along the underlying road networks, (3) employing self-attention mechanism to capture the temporal dependencies of the traffic across different time slots. Extensive experiments on two real-world spatio-temporal datasets demonstrate that our Curb-GAN outperforms major baseline methods in estimation accuracy under various conditions and can produce more meaningful estimations.
Tannins and other phytochemical of the Samanaea saman pods and their antimicrobial activities

Preliminary phytochemical screening of n-hexane extract of Samanea saman (Mimosaceae) pods revealed a moderate presence of the major secondary metabolites. Extraction and concentration of the S. saman pods with 70% aqueous acetone yielded the characteristic reddish brown solid tannins. Qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that the tannins were of condensed (catechol) type and about 7.9% (0.079 g). Characterization of the tannins by one dimensional paper chromatography using glacial acetic acid, n-butanol and distilled water (1:4:5) resulted in retardation factors (R
Catheter Directed Thrombolysis in Patient with COVID-19 Pneumoniaand Acute High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism

Mert Dumantepe1*, Emre Salihlioğlu2, Murat Okten1, Nalan Karadag3, Alper Ozkan3, Yasemin Gundogdu4, Selim Isbir1 and Hasan Karabulut1 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Acibadem Altunizade Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of Anesthesiology, Acibadem Altunizade Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey 3Department of Cardiology, Acibadem Altunizade Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey 4Department of Internal Medicine, Acibadem Altunizade Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Modelling and comparison of growth of the silver-lip pearl oyster Pinctada maxima (Jameson) (Mollusca : Pteriidae) cultured in West Papua, Indonesia

A commonly used approach to quantifying growth is to fit mathematical models to length-at-age data. Growth of the silver-lip pearl oysters, Pinctada maxima, cultured at a commercial pearl farm in West Papua, Indonesia was expressed mathematically by fitting five growth models (Gompertz, Richards, Logistic, Special von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF) and General VBGF) to length-at-age data. The criteria used to determine the best fit model were a low mean residual sum of squares (MRSS), high coefficient of determination (r2) and low deviation of the asymptotic length (L∞) from the maximum length (Lmax). Using these criteria, the models were ranked accordingly: Special VBGF; General VBGF; Gompertz; Richards and Logistic models. The Special VBGF yielded the best fit (L∞ =168.38 mm; K=0.930 year−1; t0 =0.126; MRSS=208.64; r2 =0.802; Deviation of L∞ from Lmax =37.52 mm) and, accordingly, was used to model the growth of oysters cultured at three sites and two depths within the farm. Likelihood ratio tests were used to compare growth of oysters cultured at these sites and depths. Based on L∞ and K values, favourable sites and depths could be determined that optimised growth requirements for the various stages of P. maxima culture. Sites with high K and L∞ values were preferred sites for culturing juvenile oysters before pearl production, when high growth rate is essential to produce large numbers of oysters in the shortest time possible. In addition, high L∞ may facilitate implantation of larger nuclei conducive to the production of larger, more valuable pearls. Conversely, sites with low K values were preferred sites for weakening P. maxima before pearl ‘seeding’, a process undertaken to minimise nucleus rejection after seeding.
Data-driven estimation of change points reveal correlation between face mask use and accelerated curtailing of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy

Italy was the first Western country to be seriously affected by COVID-19, and the first to implement drastic measures, which have successfully curtailed the epidemic. To understand which contain measures effected disease dynamics, we estimate change points in COVID-19 dynamics by fitting a compartmental model to official Italian data. Our results indicate that lockdowns managed to cause the epidemic to peak in late March 2020. Surprisingly, we found a change point during the decay from the peak, which does not correspond to obvious drastic legal interventions, but may be explained by widespread promotion and mandatory use of face masks. We confirm these interpretations at regional levels, and find that the gradual reopening of society since early May has caused no change in disease dynamics. We speculate that widespread use of face masks and other protective means has contributed substantially to keeping the number of new Italian COVID-19 cases under control in spite of society turning towards a new normality.
Phylogenetics and Classification of Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales) Using Chloroplast DNA Sequences and Morphology

Abstract A phylogeny and revised classification of the flowering plant family Cunoniaceae and related taxa is presented. Parsimony cladistic analyses, including bootstrap and decay analyses, of chloroplast DNA sequences from two loci, trnL-trnF and rbcL, and morphology show that three genera often placed in their own families, Bauera, Davidsonia, and Eucryphia, are nested within Cunoniaceae. Brunellia may be most closely related to the Australian pitcher plant Cephalotus, and Aphanopetalum is in Saxifragales. Within Cunoniaceae, the New Guinean-South Pacific genera Acsmithia and Spiraeanthemum form a sister clade to the rest of family. Within this larger clade is a basal grade in which flowers mature centrifugally on an inflorescence axis, and a clade in which flowers mature synchronously to acropetally on an inflorescence axis. Other conspicuous morphological characters, including stipule position, inflorescence form, petal presence or absence, number of pollen colpi, carpel number, and fruit morphology, are homoplasious among and within clades at the tribal level. The results are used to propose a circumscription of the family, with 26 genera and approximately 300 species. Twenty genera are placed among six tribes (Cunonieae, Codieae, Geissoieae, Caldcluvieae, Schizomerieae, and Spiraeanthemeae), and six poorly resolved genera are not placed into any formally named group. Among outgroups, the Australian endemic family Tremandraceae is nested within Elaeocarpaceae. Communicating Editor: James R. Manhart
Causative risk factors of relapse in opium addicts after treatment and rehabilitation in internally displaced people of KPK, Pakistan

Opium dependence is one of the serious and multidimensional problems. Millions of people are opium addicts throughout the world. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors causing relapse in opium addicts in Internally Displaced People (IDPs). This experiment was conducted in the Drug Detoxification and Health Welfare research center, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan. Sociodemographics characteristics of IDPs were studied in this retrospective crosssectional study. Questionnaire was specifically designed and total 41 relapsed individual’s histories of post treated IDPs were studied. Percentage of factors causing relapse in IDPs included stress in 36.59% individuals, family conflicts 19.51%, friends 12.20%, work load stress 09.76%, body aches 07.31%, sexual satisfaction 09.76% and fun 04.87%. Average time of relapse in IDPs was 6 months. Results revealed that stress was the most notorious factor directing IDPs towards relapse. It is concluded that attention must be paid on the crucial factors of stress to avoid relapse associated with opium dependence such as, family conflicts, personal, occupational and economical status. Conflicts of Interest: Declared None Funding: Drug Detoxification and Health Welfare Research Center, KPK, Pakistan
How Much Ecology Do We Need to Know to Restore Mediterranean Ecosystems?

Despite important advances in ecological knowledge of Mediterranean‐type ecosystems, advances in restoration ecology have not seen a parallel increase in these systems. Although some concepts such as positive plant–plant interaction (facilitation) have received attention in the restoration ecology community, others such as phenotypic plasticity have not. Some concepts (e.g., environmental heterogeneity) are mature enough for a wide use in restoration, whereas available knowledge on others (e.g., facilitation, plasticity) is less conclusive. However, the scientific knowledge is in general enough to significantly improve the guidelines for restoration of Mediterranean ecosystems. Our review suggests that (1) the extent of facilitation in dry ecosystems is partially understood, with supporting, but somewhat contradictory empirical evidence for its potential use in restoration; (2) the influence of habitat heterogeneity on plant performance and plasticity is only beginning to be understood, with a strong bias toward patterns of structural heterogeneity and negligible information on functional heterogeneity; and (3) sound evaluations of phenotypic plasticity might be useful to increase the success of restoration practices in patchy Mediterranean environments. Future global change scenarios involving temperature rise, reduced precipitation, increased frequency of extreme climatic events, and important land use changes and fragmentation must be particularly considered when restoring Mediterranean ecosystems. Further research on how to incorporate results on facilitation, environmental heterogeneity, and plasticity within a global change framework is clearly needed.
Phytoplankton relationship with bacterioplankton, dissolved carbohydrates and water characteristics in a subtropical coastal lagoon

Release of carbohydrates by phytoplankton enhances microbial diversity, promoting associations between algae and heterotrophic organisms. Thus, this work aimed to characterise the dissolved carbohydrates at a Brazilian subtropical coastal lagoon (Merin lagoon), in addition to determining their relationships with environmental parameters and phyto/bacterioplankton communities over one year. We analysed the relationships among physical, chemical and biological parameters by a principal component analysis (PCA) after normalisation of data as z scores. Chlorophyceae showed the highest richness, although Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae showed the highest densities. These classes are essentially represented by centric diatoms ( Aulacoseira cf. muzzanensis ) and filamentous cyanobacteria ( Planktolyngbya limnetica and Planktolyngbya cf. contorta ). Merin lagoon showed a strong seasonal behaviour for most of parameters and phytoplanktonic density was mainly correlated with temperature, specific conductance , phosphate and total bright sunshine duration. Only combined dissolved carbohydrates (CDCHOs) were found and their main components were glucose (31.6%), mannose/xylose (20.6%), ribose (13.9%), arabinose (8.9%) and galacturonic acid (8.1%). The CDCHO amounts were higher in November, March-April and September and the December/January and July/August periods showed lower ones. Ribose was first detected only in the warm months and it gradually decreased with bacterial density. The carbohydrate concentration was coupled to phytoplanktonic density, except in December and January, when the bacterial density was increased. These results supported the significance of dissolved carbohydrates in associations with algae and bacteria in the freshwater planktonic environment. Our data reinforced the influence of phytoplankton community on the natural dissolved carbohydrate pool, besides the significance of such carbon source on the bacterial community dynamic.