Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of abrupt changes in Western Mediterranean Deep Water circulation during the last 50 kyr: A high-resolution marine record from the Balearic Sea

The IMAGES core MD99-2343, recovered from a sediment drift north of the island of Minorca, in the north-western Mediterranean Sea, holds a high-resolution sequence that is perfectly suited to study the oscillations of the overturning system of the Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW). Detailed analysis of grain-size and bulk geochemical composition reveals the sensitivity of this region to climate changes at both orbital and centennial–millennial temporal scales during the last 50 kyr. The dominant orbital pattern in the K/Al record indicates that sediment supply to the basin was controlled by the insolation evolution at 401N, which forced changes in the fluvial regime, with more efficient sediment transport during insolation maxima. This orbital control also modulated the long-term pattern of the WMDW intensity as illustrated by the silt/clay ratio. However, deep convection was particularly sensitive to climatic changes at shorter time-scales, i.e. to centennial–millennial glacial and Holocene oscillations that are well documented by all the paleocurrent intensity proxies (Si/Al, Ti/Al and silt/clay ratios). Benthic isotopic records (dC and dO) show a Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) pattern of variability of WMDW properties, which can be associated with changing intensities of the deep currents system. The most prominent reduction on the WMDW overturning was caused by the post-glacial sea level rise. Three main scenarios of WMDW overturning are revealed: a strong mode during D–O Stadials, a weak mode during D–O Interstadials and an intermediate mode during cooling transitions. In addition, D–O Stadials associated with Heinrich events (HEs) have a very distinct signature as the strong mode of circulation, typical for the other D–O Stadials, was never reached during HE due to the surface freshening induced by the inflowing polar waters. Consequently, the WMDW overturning system oscillated around the intermediate mode of circulation during HE. Though surface conditions were more stable during the Holocene, the WMDW overturning cell still reacted synchronously to short-lived events, as shown by increments in the planktonic dO record, triggering quick reinforcements of the deep water circulation. Overall, these results highlight the sensitivity of the WMDW to rapid climate change which in the recent past were likely induced by oceanographic and atmospheric reorganizations in the North Atlantic region. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
Understanding the Firm-Productivity Effect in Stock Returns

We empirically evaluate mispricingand risk-based explanations for the negative crosssectional relation between firm-level productivity and stock returns (the ‘firm-productivity effect’) documented in previous studies. The evidence supports both explanations: investors over-extrapolate a firm’s/stock’s past performance, resulting in the mispricing of firmproductivity, and limits-to-arbitrage perpetuate the mispricing; (ii) the firm-productivity effect is related to distress risk, investment frictions, and exposure to macroeconomic shocks. Our decomposition tests show that variables related to past performance and limits-toarbitrage explain most of the firm-productivity effect, followed by those related to distress risk, favoring mispricing-based explanations.
Bicleaner at WMT 2020: Universitat d’Alacant-Prompsit’s submission to the parallel corpus filtering shared task

This paper describes the joint submission of Universitat d’Alacant and Prompsit Language Engineering to the WMT 2020 shared task on parallel corpus filtering. Our submission, based on the free/open-source tool Bicleaner, enhances it with Extremely Randomised Trees and lexical similarity features that account for the frequency of the words in the parallel sentences to determine if two sentences are parallel. To train this classifier we used the clean corpora provided for the task and synthetic noisy parallel sentences. In addition we re-score the output of Bicleaner using character-level language models and n-gram saturation.
A Decade in the Life of a Market: Visible Trading Fragmentation, Market Quality and Efficiency

Unlike the Reg NMS regime in the US, Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) does not impose a formal trading linkage or guarantee the best execution price. This raises concerns about consolidated market quality in an increasingly fragmented European trading environment. We investigate the impact of visible trading fragmentation on equity market quality using tick level data of FTSE 100 stocks over the period 2004 to 2014. We find a U-shape relationship between fragmentation and adverse selection costs. At lower levels of fragmentation, order flow competition reduces adverse selection costs and improves market transparency. However, there is a fragmentation threshold where implied adverse selection costs could increase with visible fragmentation. Visible fragmentation also stimulates market efficiency by reducing arbitrage opportunities. JEL classification: G10, G14, G15
Silica content of 36 Brazilian tropical wood species

Abstract Microscopic analysis of 36 Brazilian Amazon wood species revealed the presence of silica in 12 species, mostly in the ray cells and a few times in the axial parenchyma and fibers. The average amount of silica in these species varied from 0.07% to 1.6% as quantified by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Statistical analysis gave the following classification in terms of silica contents: very low (<0.07%), low (between 0.07% and 0.3%: Diplotropis purpurea and Vatairea paraensis), medium (between 0.3% and 0.4%: Chrysophyllum lucentifolium, Couratari multiflora, Dacryodes sp., Mezilaurus itauba, Trattinnickia burserifolia, and Trattinnickia rhoifolia), high (between 0.4% and 0.7%: Astronium gracile and Couratari sp.), and very high (above 0.7%: Apuleia leiocarpa and Couratari stellata).
Prediction of depressive symptoms from socioeconomic data and DNA methylation signatures in depression

Depression is an increasingly common mental disorder associated with substantial deficits in the quality of life of the patient and increased mortality risk. Several Genomic-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have been performed to identify genes associated with depression, but its partial heritability among other characteristics suggests the involvement of epigenetic changes in the origin of the disease. Since has been proven a discrepancy between objective and subjective cognition in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients, it is necessary to find a system to detect the disease from a biological perspective. Using a Canadian community-based cohort (n=94) containing DNA methylation data, stratified for early-life socioeconomic status, and assessed for depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, a differential methylation analysis was performed. From this analysis, 31 cytosine guanine dinucleotides (CpG) were identified as differentially methylated in patients showing depressive symptoms from patients not showing those symptoms. The analysis was performed separating patients by gender and taking the variable age as a covariate. From the socioeconomic and biomolecular variables, and identified CpG sites, a random forest classifier was developed to create a depressive symptoms prediction tool. The resulting algorithm has an accuracy of 73.74% (repeated 15-fold cross-validation, with 3 repeats). The web application classifier.
Going to 10 TPa: The Calculated Hugoniots for Cu, Ta, and Mo

The Hugoniot equations of state for shock compressed Cu, Ta, and Mo are calculated at pressures up to 4 TPa and then up to 10 TPa are obtained by extrapolation. The calculations are parameter-free in that the cold part of the Helmholtz free-energy is calculated using the first-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the generalized gradient approximation, the thermal contribution to the Helmholtz free-energy due to the lattice oscillations is calculated using the recently developed classical mean-field potential approach, and that due to the thermal electrons is calculated using the one-dimensional numerical integration. The calculated results agree with the existing experimental values very well.
Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis and Associated Factors ina Primary Care Unit in Tijuana, Mexico

Background: Allergic rhinitis is defined as the presence of nasal congestion, anterior or posterior rhinorrhea, sneezing and nasal pruritus. The prevalence in Mexico determined by epidemiological studies is 13%. Some of the associated factors are history of atopy, exposure to cigarette smoke and pets. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of allergic rhinitis and associated factors in patients from 2 to12 years in the family medicine unit #27. Design and Setting: Analytic cross-sectional study. Methods: In 209 patients in the Family Medicine Unit #27, Tijuana, Mexico, an analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in patients from 2 to 12 years old. We obtained general data such as age, atopy history, pets at home, exposure to cigarette smoke and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis with the diagnostic tool “allergic rhinitis diagnostic questionnaire for epidemiological studies". For statistical analysis, we applied descriptive statistics; for qualitative variables frequencies and percentages were used and for quantitative variables median and interquartile range. In the bivariate analysis, odds ratio and Chi- square were used with a 95% confidence interval, a p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The overall prevalence obtained was 20% of which 12% are male and 10% schoolchildren. The factor associated with statistical significance was the family history of atopy (p <0.001). 13% of the positives did not have pets and 18% had no exposure to cigarette smoke at home. Conclusion: The prevalence obtained was higher compared to the general average of national studies that used the same questionnaire.
Soot–additive interactions in engine oils

Soot is known to cause engine wear. In this work, we focus on how engine oil formulation affects soot‐related wear, and how the lubricant‐derived anti‐wear film changes when soot is present. Friction and wear experiments of fully and partially formulated diesel engine oils (containing basestock, dispersants and viscosity modifiers) are conducted with a ball‐on‐disk rig in the presence of carbon black (CB) as a soot surrogate. The friction coefficient was largely unaffected by CB dispersed in the oils, but electrically insulating film formation, an indication of the formation of anti‐wear films, was decreased. Wear on the disk was found to either remain the same or decrease when CB was present, depending on the oil formulation. An examination of the lubricant‐derived films using Raman and Auger electron spectroscopies found that the presence of more abundant amorphous carbon and lesser amounts of anti‐wear film components on the surface was associated with higher wear. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EFFECT OF COBALT ON CHLOROPHYLL AND CAROTENOID CONTENTS IN TOMATO PLANTS

ABSTRACT The effect of increased concentrations of cobalt (Co) (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg−1) and treatment with sewage sludge was investigated on the chlorophyllic pigments and carotenoids of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Ramy) plants, grown in a calcareous soil. Aerobically digested sewage sludge was applied at the rates of 2 and 4 g sewage sludge/100 g soil d.w. , equivalent to 60 and 120 t ha−1. Treatments were compared with a non-fertilized control. Six leaf samples were taken at 27, 41, 55, 73, 94, and 105 days for each treatment and chlorophyll content was determined. Five leaf samples were taken at 35, 62, 75, 89, and 106 days to determine carotenoids content. Organic fertilization enhanced the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids in tomato leaves. Cobalt induced a significant decrease in all the pigments analyzed, correlated with the increased presence of cobalt in soil. Also the negative effect of this pollutant seem to be enhanced by fertilization, probably due to a higher availability of Co with the increasing application of sewage sludge.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE VILLAGE FUND ALLOCATION MANAGEMENT (ADD) IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF BINTANG NINGGI II DISTRICT SOUTH TEWEH, NORTH BARITO REGENCY, INDONESIA

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Village Fund Allocation Management (ADD) in Rural Development Bintang Ninggi II District South Teweh North Barito regency and to investigate the inhibiting factors. The data collection method used in this research is the study of literature and field study. The results were analyzed through descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the Village Fund Allocation Management Effectiveness is important in promoting development in the village of Bintang Ninggi II District South Teweh North Barito district. There are three stages of planning, implementation, and accountability. Based on the results of research in the field management of the Village Fund Allocation was less effective. With the use of budgetary Village Allocation Fund such issue can be resolved properly, but due to the lack of transparency of information related to the implementation of the planning of activities the results remained less effective. This is because the process is created in each phase of the Village Fund Allocation Management and is not following the principles and objectives of the management of the Village Fund Allocation that prioritizes the transparency of information to the public as a team evaluation of any development activities undertaken. Article visualizations:
Nanotips: Growth, Model, and Applications

The tip morphology in the nanoscale is discussed as a member of the one-dimensional nanostructure family. Different growth techniques used for the synthesis of the nanotips have been outlined and compared against each other including, etching, pyrolysis, physical, and chemical vapour deposition. Growth models for hollow and solid nanotips are compared and discussed in detail with a thrust on the ‘cone-helix’ model for the hollow tips and the ‘platelet stacking’ model for the solid tips. Application of the nanotips in field emission, scanning probe microscopy, sensing, anti-reflection, and nanoindentation is discussed.
Chronic downregulation of parvalbumin-positive cell activity accelerates early perceptual learning but impairs end performance

Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons are major regulators of cortical experience-dependent plasticity. Using an adaptive auditory discrimination task, we found that perceptual learning is associated with a transient downregulation of PV expression in primary auditory cortex (A1), as previously shown in motor and hippocampal cortex. Chronic chemogenetic manipulation of A1 PV+ interneurons during training changed the rate of acquisition of new skills; such that up-regulation of PV+ cell activity accelerated perceptual learning, but reducing their activity resulted in slower learning. However, both interventions resulted in impaired perceptual acuity by the end of training, relative to controls. These findings suggest that, whereas reduced PV+ cell function may facilitate training-induced plasticity early in training, a subsequent increase in PV+ cell activity might be needed to prevent further plastic changes and consolidate learning.
Indigo Dye as a Positive-electrode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

The performance of indigo carmine (5,5'-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt) as a positive-electrode material for rechargeable lithium batteries was investigated. The prepared electrode showed an initial discharge capacity of 110 mA h g -1 , which corresponds to two-electron-redox behavior. Furthermore, the electrode was shown to have good cycle-life stability.
Microwave spectra of molecules of astrophysical interest. XVI. Methyl formate

The microwave spectrum of methyl formate is critically reviewed for information applicable to radio astronomy. The review is based on new laboratory measurements in the frequency range from 8 GHz to 58 GHz. Molecular data such as the derived rotational constants, centrifugal distortion parameters, internal rotation parameters, electric dipole moment and molecular structure are tabulated. Since the primary objective is to provide microwave spectral transitions applicable to radio astronomy observations, the review encompasses only the ground state rotational spectrum of the most abundant isotopic form of methyl formate, H12C16O2CH3. While all measured transitions are included, the predicted transitions were limited to J? 12 in the range of 900 MHz to 250 GHz.
Does Customer-base Structure Influence Managerial Risk-taking Incentives?

We find strong evidence that when the customer base is more concentrated, the supplier firm’s CEO receives more risk-taking incentives in compensation. This finding is robust to numerous alternative specifications and to different approaches that mitigate endogeneity concerns. Further, we show that the positive effect of customer concentration is more prominent when the CEO is more reluctant to take risk, and when the supplier firm has more investment opportunities or is more prone to the costs of losing large customers. These findings are consistent with the notion that boards provide additional risk-taking incentives to offset the CEO’s aversion to the risk of a non-diversified revenue stream, thereby preventing excessive managerial conservatism at the expense of value maximization.
A comparative study of polystyrene decomposition in supercritical water and air environments using diamond anvil cell

Polystyrene (PS) decomposition in supercritical water (SCW) and in air was studied with the diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique coupled with microscopy and FTIR. Apparent concentrations were calculated by using digital imaging analysis. When PS + water systems (11.8–22.6 wt % PS) were rapidly heated at a rate of 2.3°C/s, the PS particle melted at 279.8–320.2°C. After formation of a globule at 409.3–452.5°C, the globule started to dissolve in color to yellow at 496.1°C. At 570.3°C and 742.5 MPa, solubility reached the maximum of 91.5 wt % (11.8 wt % PS). The soluble material was a styrenelike liquid, which was identified by IR after cooling. In isothermal runs at 400 and 450°C, two heterogeneous liquid phases consisting of water and decomposed PS were found. Styrenelike liquid products were identified after the reactions. PS decomposition stages in air consisted of melting, gas generation, liquid ring configuration, and finally yellow volatile products formation at 583.2°C. The results show conclusively that PS can be dissolved in SCW above 496.1°C and homogenous reaction is likely to occur above 570.3°C. Reactions in SCW at 400 and 450°C take place in heterogeneous liquid phases, while in the PS + air system, a formed liquid ring undergoes depolymerization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3565–3577, 2001
The kinetics and mechanism of caffeine infusion from coffee: The effect of particle size

Measurements have been made of the rate of infusion of caffeine into distilled water from medium roast Kenyan Arabica coffee beans and from eight sieved fractions of the ground beans at 25.8°C. The first-order rate constants increased dramatically as the particle size decreased. For one of the size fractions the rate constants were then measured at various temperatures up to 84.1°C and were found to rise eight-fold over this temperature interval. The partition coefficients of caffeine between ground beans and water were also determined. These results, interpreted by a new steady-state theory of extraction, show that the rate-determining step in the infusion is diffusion of caffeine through the swollen coffee particles. The low magnitude of the diffusion coefficient and its high activation energy demonstrate that caffeine diffusion within the bean particles is a hindered process.
Immersed boundary method for computational fluid dynamics - A review and verification in OpenFOAM

Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is a common phenomenon encountered in various computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems. Conventional methods rely on the generation of a so-called bodyor boundary-fitted (BF) grid, which conforms to the structure geometry. Typically, these grids consist of either structured or unstructured cells, of which the former are more efficient. Although, generating a good quality structured BF grid might be straightforward for simple geometries, it may become tedious and take even months to do using the best available software when complex geometries are present. Furthermore, the BF grid needs to be updated at each time step when structure motion is present. In the present work, we concentrate on an immersed boundary (IB) approach implemented into the FOAM-Extend CFD library, which is based on the OpenFOAM software platform. In the IB approach, the grid does not conform to the structure, but instead, the position of the structure is tracked separately and the equations– either continuous or discretized depending on the method in question–are modified to account for the boundary. A literature review of different IB methods is conducted and the implementation is validated by running simulations on various flow cases consisting of stationary (channel flow, pipe flow and flow over a cylinder) and moving (flow over an oscillating cylinder) structures. These results are compared to ones retrieved by using a BF grid in OpenFOAM CFD software and those found in literature. In addition, a user guide for the implemented IB method is presented. Initialization of a flow simulation with the IB method is very quick. However, simulations show that this is acquired with the cost of efficiency and accuracy. Simulation with the BF grids was much faster and more accurate than with the IB grids. Furthermore, resolving values at the surface of a moving boundary was difficult for the IB grid. Even though the IB method does show promising results for the cases with stationary structures, the fast initialization is outweighed by the required high grid resolution and slow simulation times. This is further emphasized by problems with parallel computing, rendering the current IB implementation impractical for computationally demanding CFD simulations.
Resilience to cognitive aging is associated with responsiveness of dentate neurons generated throughout adult life

During aging some individuals are resilient to the decline of cognitive functions whereas others are vulnerable. These inter-individual differences in memory abilities have been associated with differences in the rate of hippocampal neurogenesis measured at old age. Whether the maintenance of the functionality of neurons generated throughout adult life is linked to resilience to cognitive aging remains completely unexplored. Using the immediate early gene Zif268, we analysed the activation of dentate granule neurons born in adult (3 month-old), middle-aged (12 month-old) or senescent (18 month-old) rats (n=96) in response to learning when animals reached 21 month-old. The activation of neurons born during the developmental period was also examined. We show that neurons generated 4, 10 or 19 months before learning (and not developmentally born neurons) are activated in senescent rats with good learning abilities. In contrast, aged rats with bad learning abilities do not exhibit an activity-dependent regulation of Zif268. In conclusion, we propose that resilience to cognitive aging is associated to the responsiveness of neurons born during adult-life. These data add to our current knowledge by showing that the aging of memory abilities stems not only from the number but also from the responsiveness of adult-born neurons. Keywords: Successful aging, Adult neurogenesis, Hippocampus, Spatial memory, Plasticity, Resilience.