Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microwave signals generated by optical heterodyne between injection-locked semiconductor lasers

Single-mode-laser rate equations with added Langevin noise sources are used to study injection-locked semiconductor lasers. Two slave lasers are frequency-locked on the same or different sidebands of a current-modulated master laser. The optical heterodyne between the two secondary lasers is characterized. It is demonstrated that the frequency stability of the source modulating the master laser is preserved on the sidebands and partially transferred to the slaves. A linear model is first investigated. Static operation conditions and small-signal behavior are then calculated. Direct simulation of the rate equations for each laser is next achieved. This highlights the validity domain and limitations of the linear model. A more complete set of results-such as laser and heterodyne spectra-is also obtained. It is moreover shown that synchronization of the slave laser diodes by optical injection-locking leads to strongly correlated, while not identical, laser fields. Finally, simulation results are compared to experimental data.
OPTIMIZATION OF LINEAR OBJECTIVE FUNCTION SUBJECT TO FUZZY RELATION INEQUALITIES CONSTRAINTS WITH MAX-AVERAGE COMPOSITION

In this paper, the finitely many constraints of a fuzzy relation inequalities problem are studied and the linear objective function on the region defined by a fuzzy max-average operator is optimized. A new simplification technique which accelerates the resolution of the problem by removing the components having no effect on the solution process is given together with an algorithm and a numerical example to illustrate the steps of the problem resolution process.
Improvements for Tissue-Chopping-Based Immunofluorescence Staining Method of Chloroplast Proteins

Immunofluorescence staining is a very common method for the subcellular localization study of proteins. A tissue-chopping-based immunofluorescence staining method for chloroplast proteins overcomes the restriction of plant cell wall, makes the operation simpler, and uses less experimental materials. Here we provide some improvements for this method. We found that the stained tissues can be directly observed with a confocal microscope without tissue lysis. Samples maintained at a low temperature (0–4 °C) throughout the process can reduce the intensity of chlorophyll autofluorescence and the background signal. A low temperature is also good for the storage of the sample. Fluorescence signal of the stained samples can be kept for several weeks if they are stored at −20 °C. FtsZ is an essential component of the chloroplast division apparatus. We demonstrated this method with the immunofluorescence staining of FtsZ1 in wildtype Arabidopsis and some chloroplast division mutants. We also successfully tested this method by the immunofluorescence staining of FtsZ1 in many other plants, including woody plants. With these procedures, the performance of tissue-chopping-based immunofluorescence staining method are further improved.
Numerical analysis of surface wave excitation in a planar-type nonmagnetized plasma processing device

Two-dimensional numerical simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain approximation to Maxwell's equations coupled with nonmagnetized cold electron plasma equations are used to study surface wave propagation in a four-layer planar type surface wave plasma processing structure (Komachi et al., 1994) under the assumption that the plasma is overdense. Simulations are used to verify the existence of surface waves along the plasma-dielectric window interface as well as to investigate the excitation mechanism of surface waves. In addition, simulations are used to study the effect of the air gap on the electric field distribution at the plasma-dielectric window interface. It is found that metal edges located along the processing chamber wall sufficiently close to the interface are needed to excite surface waves along the interface. It is also found that the air gap layer helps achieve a more uniform electric field distribution over the processing chamber.
Evidence for collisionless magnetic reconnection at Mars

Using data from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) in combination with Particle‐In‐Cell (PIC) simulations of reconnection, we present the first direct evidence of collisionless magnetic reconnection at Mars. The evidence indicates that the spacecraft passed through the diffusion region where reconnection is initiated and observed the magnetic field signatures of differential electron and ion motion – the Hall magnetic field – that uniquely indicate the reconnection process. These are the first such in‐situ reconnection observations at an astronomical body other than the Earth. Reconnection may be the source of Mars' recently discovered auroral activity and the changing boundaries of the closed regions of crustal magnetic field.
Study of cuttings transport using stable foam based mud in inclined wellbore

Drilling of high angle, horizontal and other more complex trajectory wells are common strategies to economically produce hydrocarbon from the reservoirs. During directional drilling, hole cleaning is a vital aspect which needs to be monitored and controlled. For this purpose, foam-based mud using the underbalanced drilling technique (UBD) is employed to obtain a better cutting transport. Solid particle is one of the lubricating agents that is widely used in water-based mud. Previous studies have shown that microbeads could significantly reduce the friction in water-based mud. However, the application of polymer beads in foam-based mud is yet to be proven. Similar to the improvement in the water-based mud, it is expected that polymer beads such as Styrene Methacrylate could enhance the rheological properties of the foam-based mud. The polymer beads might significantly reduce the torque and drag by reducing the coefficient of friction of the foam-based mud. Polymeric particles could act as the foam or emulsion stabilizer which improves the stability of the foam. The half-life of the bubbles could be extended due to the addition of polymers. The fine sizes of the polymer beads will enhance the stability of bubbles. Theoretically, the gas phase in the foam drilling mud will pull the cuttings upward because of their buoyancy, thereby counteracting the gravity force. Therefore, the more stable the bubble in the foam drilling, the better the cuttings transportation will be. Introduction of polymer beads in the foam-based mud will improve the foam stability. Reduction of the torque and drag force will improve the carrying capacity of the cuttings in directional drilling. The suitable lubricating agent can reduce the drilling operation problems such as stuck-pipe. This will result in smooth drilling operation and great benefits in term of economy.
What if flu vaccination is the most responsible thing to do for cardiovascular health in the upcoming season?

© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com ‘Dangerous liaisons’ between influenza virus and cardiovascular diseases
Patient Satisfaction from Dental Services Provided by Multan Medical & Dental College

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the level and factors influencing the level of patient satisfaction from dental services provided by Multan Dental Hospital. Methods: Study was carried out at Multan Dental hospital from 1st June to 30th July 2015. Total 256 patients over 18 years of age, participated in this cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling tech- nique was used to select the patients. The Hogan Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire was customised, personalised and used for this dental patient satisfaction study, and response through a Likert scale including answer categories very satisfied, satisfied, neutral, not satisfied, not at all satisfied and do not know, was completed by the participants. SPSS software version 17 was used for analysis. The relationship between level of patient satisfaction and the demographic variables was determined, Chi-square test was performed to establish the level of patient satisfaction and if af- fected by the demographic variables. Results: Total 29.3% patients said that they were very satisfied with the services. About 43.4% partici- pants were satisfied with the services. Not satisfied with service were 8.6%. A very low proportion (5.9%) of patients were completely dissatisfied with the services. There were 42% males and 30% fe- males who were satisfied with the services. About 49% of patients having an education between 6-14 years were satisfied from the hospital services while only 9% of patients having higher education level were satisfied. The major proportion of the patients showed satisfaction from the services of- fered at the hospital. Conclusion: Majority of the patients were satisfied with the services regarding hospital care, dental staff provided by Multan Medical and Dental College.
A dual characterization of self-generation and exponential forward performances

We propose a mathematical framework for the study of a family of random fields--called forward performances--which arise as numerical representation of certain rational preference relations in mathematical finance. Their spatial structure corresponds to that of utility functions, while the temporal one reflects a Nisio-type semigroup property, referred to as self-generation. In the setting of semimartingale financial markets, we provide a dual formulation of self-generation in addition to the original one, and show equivalence between the two, thus giving a dual characterization of forward performances. Then we focus on random fields with an exponential structure and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for self-generation in that case. Finally, we illustrate our methods in financial markets driven by It\^o-processes, where we obtain an explicit parametrization of all exponential forward performances.
Impact of Storm-Scale Lightning Data Assimilation on WRF-ARW Precipitation Forecasts during the 2013 Warm Season over the Contiguous United States

AbstractThis work evaluates the performance of a recently developed cloud-scale lightning data assimilation technique implemented within the Weather Research and Forecasting Model running at convection-allowing scales (4-km grid spacing). Data provided by the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network for the contiguous United States (CONUS) were assimilated in real time over 67 days spanning the 2013 warm season (May–July). The lightning data were assimilated during the first 2 h of simulations each day. Bias-corrected, neighborhood-based, equitable threat scores (BC-ETSs) were the chief metric used to quantify the skill of the forecasts utilizing this assimilation scheme. Owing to inferior observational data quality over mountainous terrain, this evaluation focused on the eastern two-thirds of the United States.During the first 3 h following the assimilation (i.e., 3-h forecasts), all the simulations suffered from a high wet bias in forecasted accumulated precipitation (APCP), particularly for the lightning.
Secondary pulsations driven by spatial hole burning in modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes

It is shown that significant optical power is generated in secondary pulsations after switch-off of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSEL’s) when the laser is modulated from an above-threshold state to a current that is at or below the threshold value. It is found from simulations that the optical power in the secondary pulsations can be as much as 25% of the power in the lasing state. The initial reduction of optical output power subsequent to the switch-off permits a spatial redistribution of charge carriers that in turn permits a transient recovery of the modal gain above the threshold value, thus enabling the secondary pulsations to occur. The phenomenon occurs as a result of the interplay between the transverse-mode structure and the gain medium and, as such, cannot be predicted by spatially independent rate equation models. Implications of the phenomenon for practical applications of VCSEL’s with pseudorandom nonreturn-to-zero modulation formats are pointed out.
The galactic abundance gradient.

The radial velocity curves, in spite of their small amplitudes, are weil defined and do not show any peculiarities. The accuracy of observations seems to be sufficient for determining both the moments of particular phases and the amplitudes (about 3 km/s for v Cen and 6 km/s for (3 Cen). Points denote velocities actually observed, the broken line is a sinusoid fitted by eye to the observations. Both objects are bright, so the exposure times were typically 2-3 min.
A versatile impedance boundary method of moments computational technique for solving the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation with application to quantum well and quantum wire problems

A versatile and efficient computational technique for use in the analysis of quantum wells (QWs) and a class of quantum wires with arbitrary potential profiles is presented. This expansion technique is an extension of the impedance boundary method of moments (IBMOM), which was first developed for analysis of planar optical waveguide structures. The similarity in formulation of the electromagnetic problem and the QW problem is exploited, Eigenenergies or quasi-eigenenergies, wave functions and, for quantum wires with separable wave functions, conductance are determined. No discretization or step approximation is required of potential profiles which can be described in functional form. Computational results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the technique.
On approximate solutions for the time-fractional reaction-diffusion equation of Fisher type

In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is employed to obtain approximate analytical solutions of the time-fractional reaction-diffusion equation of the Fisher type. The method can easily be applied to many problems and is capable of reducing the size of computational work. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The analytical/numerical results are compared with existing analytic solutions obtained by Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and differential transformation method (DTM) and the outcomes confirm that the scheme yields accurate and excellent results even when few components are used. Key words: Fisher equation, diffusion, reaction, fractional partial differential equations.
Molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. associated vascular wilt in passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis JUSS)

In Colombia, vascular rotting of passion fruit (P. ligularis) caused by the fungus Fusarium is considered the most important pathological problem in the cultivation of this fruit. Plants affected by the pathogen wilt and die, causing considerable yield losses and increased production costs. The objective of this work was to determine the genetic variability of the Fusarium species associated with this disease. For this, 50 samples were collected from producing farms in three municipalities of the department of Nariño. A total of 35 isolates were characterized morphologically and molecularly. The morphological identification was carried out using taxonomic keys. Molecular characterization was performed by PCR with primers ITS1 – ITS4 and TEF1α. The PCR products were sent to Macrogen (Korea) for sequencing. Sequencing results indicated that Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae is associated as a causal agent of the disease. In addition, the presence of Ilyonectria robusta was determined, which, has not been reported before in passion fruit plants. The phylogenetic analysis allowed determine that there was little variability among the isolates evaluated; no grouping was observed associated to the geographical origin of the samples. The morphological characters corroborated the species information obtained from the molecular analysis.
Modulation of neuronal excitability by binge alcohol drinking

Drug use poses a serious threat to health systems throughout the world. The number of consumers rises every year being alcohol the drug of abuse most consumed causing 3 million deaths (5.3% of all deaths) worldwide and 132.6 million disability-adjusted life years. In this review, we present an up-to-date summary about what is known regarding the global impact of binge alcohol drinking on brains and how it affects the development of cognitive functions, as well as the various preclinical models used to probe its effects on the neurobiology of the brain. This will be followed by a detailed report on the state of our current knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of binge drinking on neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity, with an emphasis on brain regions of the meso-cortico limbic neurocircuitry.
Piano practice with emphasis on left hand for right handers: Developing pedagogical strategies based on motor control perspectives

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Pang, Zhao, Wang, Wang and Fang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Piano practice with emphasis on left hand for right handers: Developing pedagogical strategies based on motor control perspectives
Fusion Landsat-8 Thermal TIRS and OLI Datasets for Superior Monitoring and Change Detection using Remote Sensing

Currently, updating the change detection (CD) of land use/land cover (LU/LC) geospatial information with high accuracy outcomes is important and very confusing with the different classification methods, datasets, satellite images, and ancillary dataset types available. However, using just the low spatial resolution visible bands of the remotely sensed images will not provide good information with high accuracy. Remotely sensed thermal data contains very valuable information to monitor and investigate the CD of the LU/LC. So, it needs to involve the thermal datasets for better outcomes. Fusion plays a big role to map the CD. Therefore, this study aims to find out a refining method for estimating the accurate CD method of the LU/LC patterns by investigating the integration of the effectiveness of the thermal satellite data with visible datasets by (a) adopting a noise removal model, (b) satellite images resampling, (c) image fusion, combining and integrating between the visible and thermal images using the Grim Schmidt spectral (GS) method, (d) applying image classification using Mahalanobis distances (MH), Maximum likelihood (ML) and artificial neural network (ANN) classifiers on datasets captured from the Landsat-8 TIRS and OLI satellite system, these images were captured from operational land imager (OLI) and the thermal infrared (TIRS) sensors of 2015 and 2020 to generate about of twelve LC maps. (e) The comparison was made among all the twelve classifiers' results. The results reveal that adopting the ANN technique on the integrated images of the combined TIRS and OLI datasets has the highest accuracy compared to the rest of the applied image classification approaches. The obtained overall accuracy was 96.31% and 98.40%, and the kappa coefficients were (0.94) and (0.97) for the years 2015 and 2020, respectively. However, the ML classifier obtains better results compared to the MH approach. The image fusion and integration of the thermal images improve the accuracy results by 5%–6% from the proposed method better than using low spatial-resolution visible datasets alone. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-09 Full Text: PDF
Theoretical and experimental investigation of the time‐dependent relaxation rates of GFRP and BFRP reinforcement bars

Cracked concrete members with fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement generally suffer from increased deflections compared to steel‐reinforced members due to FRP reinforcements' lower modulus of elasticity. An approach to counteract this problem can be the prestressing of the FRP reinforcement, which can significantly reduce member deflections. However, time‐dependent prestress losses occur due creep and shrinkage of the concrete and relaxation of the prestressing tendons. Within the first part of this article, mathematical approaches to determine relaxation rates from creep tests are introduced. Subsequently, short‐term and long‐term tensile tests under sustained load on glass and basalt FRP reinforcement bars are presented. Based on the experimental data and the mathematical model, relaxation rates for the investigated specimens are derived. In addition, using an approach based on logarithmic extrapolation, the relaxation rates at 1 million hours (end of service life) are calculated, and the experimentally determined residual tensile properties are evaluated.
A Lyapunov-based approach to stability of descriptor systems with delay

The Lyapunov second method is developed for linear coupled systems of delay differential and functional equations. By means of conventional approaches, such equations may be reduced to neutral systems, and the known results for the latter may be exploited. In this paper, we introduce a new approach by constructing a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional that corresponds directly to the descriptor form of the system. Moreover, by representing a neutral system in the descriptor form, we obtain new stability criteria for neutral systems which lead to results that are less conservative than the existing results. Sufficient conditions for delay-dependent stability are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Illustrative examples show the effectiveness of the method.
The Impact of Parameterized Convection on the Simulation of Crop Processes

Global climate and weather models are a key tool for the prediction of future crop productivity, but they all rely on parameterizations of atmospheric convection, which often produce significant biases in rainfall characteristics over the tropics. The authors evaluate the impact of these biases by driving the General Large Area Model for annual crops (GLAM) with regional-scale atmospheric simulations of one cropping season over West Africa at different resolutions, with and without a parameterization of convection, and compare these with a GLAM run driven by observations. The parameterization of convection produces too light and frequent rainfall throughout the domain, as compared with the short, localized, high-intensity events in the observations and in the convection-permitting runs. Persistent light rain increases surface evaporation, and much heavier rainfall is required to trigger planting. Planting is therefore delayed in the runs with parameterized convection and occurs at a seasonally cooler time, altering the environmental conditions experienced by the crops. Even at high resolutions, runs driven by parameterized convection underpredict the small-scale variability in yields produced by realistic rainfall patterns. Correcting the distribution of rainfall frequencies and intensities before use in crop models will improve the process-based representation of the crop life cycle, increasing confidence in the predictions of crop yield. The rainfall biases described here are a common feature of parameterizations of convection, and therefore the crop-model errors described are likely to occur when using any global weather or climate model, thus remaining hidden when using climate-model intercomparisons to evaluate uncertainty.