Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Insecticides against Major Insect Pests of Cabbage

Field experiments in cabbage c.v. Golden acre were laid out during rabi 2009–10 and 2010–11 in the vegetable farm of Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments. Each treatment schedule comprised four sprays, except treatment No. 10 which was taken as control. The results showed that in T9 comprising of acetamiprid-acetamiprid-fipronil-spinosad, showed significantly highest percent reduction over control (PROC) of aphid Lipaphis erysimi population (84.65 and 82.92); and (77.88 and 76.04) after 1st spray over two seasons at 3 and 7 DAS respectively. Also acetamiprid in other treatment combination, whether used as 1st or 2nd spray recoded significantly higher PROC of aphids than any other formulation. Chlorantraniliprole (18.5% SC @10 g a.i./ha) showed highest PROC of diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella (83.65 and 82.08) and cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (84.42 and 84.54) at 3 d after 3rd spray during 2009–10 and 2010–11, respectively in treatment T4 having acetamiprid-acetamiprid-chlorantraniliprole-emamectin benzoate with corresponding maximum marketable yield (30.6 and 32.17 ton/ha). Neem baan, spinosad, emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole were proved safe to natural enemies in cabbage. High efficacy of chlorantraniliprole in T4 with emamectin benzoate and acetamiprid as other insecticides could be excellent choice in rotational strategy aimed at prolonging their efficacy by delaying the development of resistance due to diverse mode of action. Beauveria bassiana proved significantly superior at 14 DAS as highest PROC in T5 (64.23 and 71.93) and T7 (64.37 and 68.94) was recorded during 2009–10 and 2010–11, respectively after 1st spray.
Microstructure and Antioxidative Activity of Red, White and Extruded Ginseng

The objective of this study was to compare the color and microstructure of powder, redness, brownness, and antioxidative activity in extruded ginseng, white ginseng and red ginseng extracts. The colors of extruded dry ginseng powder (moisture content 30%, barrel temperature 110℃, and screw speed 200 rpm) were similar to those of red ginseng. Intact cell wall structure was examined in dried root ginseng at 70℃ (A), white ginseng with skin (D), white ginseng without skin (E), and red ginseng (F) under a scanning electron microscope. The cell wall was not detected in samples B and C (dry ginsengs extruded with 25% and 30% moisture contents, respectively). Intact starch granules were detected in samples A, D, and E under a scanning electron microscope. Melted starch granules were detected in samples B, C, and F. Colors (L, a, b) of 50% EtOH extracts were similar in samples C and F. Browniness and redness of extracts were high in extruded dry ginseng and red ginseng extracts. Extruded dry ginseng (B) showed higher electron donation ability and phenolic content than the other samples.
Fine-scale genetic structure overrides macro-scale structure in a marine snail: nonrandom recruitment, demographic events or selection?

The planktotrophic littorinid species Littoraria flava occupies a continuous habitat on rocky shores close to brackish and freshwater sources. Previous studies of this species have shown a moderate genetic structure over a broad geographical scale, with high deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations in many allozymic loci. Local-scale subdivision in marine species with a long dispersal phase is unexpected, but occasionally found. Using a horizontal transect at three locations, we examined whether microscale and short-term subdivision also occurred in L. flava populations and, if so, whether this could explain the Hardy–Weinberg deviations. Littoraria flava showed even more structuring on a microgeographical scale (4–300 m) than on a large-scale (> 200 km). The Ewens–Watterson neutrality test showed that 18% of the tests deviated significantly from the neutrality model. A homogeneity test for each locus across samples within transects showed homogeneous and high FIS values in many loci. These results and the apparent genetic patchiness within transects suggest that asynchronous spawning associated with recurrent colonizations in L. flava can explain the local differentiation without a recognizable pattern. In addition, there could be a balance between these factors and diversifying selection acting on different loci at different times and localities. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 91, 23–36.
Fifty Shades of Corporate Culture

We develop a new measure of integrity as it relates to corporate culture - the number of employees who use corporate emails to register for a website that facilitates extramarital affairs. This measure is associated with firm-level unethical behavior: it predicts a greater probability of SEC enforcement actions for accounting misstatements, and lower corporate ethics ratings by external analysts. However, consistent with research in psychology, we find that the measure also predicts more innovation (R&D intensity, successful patenting rates, subsequent patent citations, and patent diversity) and risk-taking (leverage, volatility, probability of default). Our results suggest that it is difficult to engineer a perfect corporate culture due to potential trade-offs between employee creativity, risk-taking, and integrity.
The role of apoptotic cell clearance in a high-lipid environment:links to ageing

Individuals within the aged population show an increased susceptibility to infection, implying a decline in immune function, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. Paradoxically, an increase in autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, is also associated with ageing, therefore some aspects of the immune system appear to be inappropriately active in the elderly. The above evidence suggests inappropriate control of the immune system as we age. Macrophages, and their precursors monocytes, play a key role in control of the immune system. They play an important role in host defence in the form of phagocytosis, and also link the innate and adaptive immune system via antigen presentation. Macrophages also have a reparative role, as professional phagocytes of dead and dying cells. Clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages has also been shown to directly influence immune responses in an anti-inflammatory manner. Inappropriate control of macrophage function with regards to dead cell clearance may contribute to pathology as we age. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of lipid treatment, as a model of the aged environment, on the ability of macrophages to interact with, and respond to, apoptotic cells. Using a series of in vitro cell models, responses of macrophages (normal and lipid-loaded) to apoptotic macrophages (normal and lipid-loaded) were investigated. Monocyte recruitment to apoptotic cells, a key process in resolving inflammation, was assessed in addition to cytokine responses. Data here shows, for the first time, that apoptotic macrophages (normal and lipid-loaded) induce inflammation in human monocyte-derived macrophages, a response that could drive inflammation in age-associated pathology e.g. atherosclerosis. Monoclonal antibody inhibition studies suggest the classical chemokine CX3CL1 may be involved in monocyte recruitment to apoptotic macrophages, but not apoptotic foam cells, therefore differential clearance strategies may be employed following lipid-loading. CD14, an important apoptotic cell tethering receptor, was not found to have a prominent role in this process, whilst the role for ICAM-3 remains unclear. Additionally, a small pilot study using macrophages from young ( 40) donors was undertaken. Preliminary data was gathered to assess the ability of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, from young and mid-life donors, to interact with, and respond to, apoptotic cells. MO from mid-life individuals showed no significant differences in their ability to respond to immune modulation by apoptotic cells compared to MO from young donors. Larger cohorts would be required to investigate whether immune modulation of MO by apoptotic cells contribute to inflammatory pathology throughout ageing.
Analysis of the intracellular localisation and alternatively spliced isoforms of splicing factor 1

Splicing factor 1 is a protein with several isoforms produced by alternative splicing of a single premRNA. These isoforms share a common N-terminal half and have distinct C-terminal portions. In this study, isoforms of SF1 in different cell lines and tissues were identified, and their composition was investigated in different tissues. The results suggest that SF1 isoforms are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. The function of SF1 and its isoforms is not clear. To provide information towards that, we used fluorescence microscopy and demonstrated that SF1 is a new component of paraspeckles. Paraspeckles are formed around non-coding RNAs and although their function is not known, their protein content points to a role in transcriptional control and RNA metabolism. SF1 has been shown previously to bind to a number of ncRNAs. Results from this thesis support the above finding and show that ncRNAs present in paraspeckles associate with SF1.
Growth of the Juvenile 01ive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Fed the Diets at Different Feeding Frequencies

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding frequency on growth and body composition in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Triplicate groups of the 40 fish averaging 1.6 g were fed the 2 different commercial diets (D-1 and D-2) and moist pellet (MP) contained frozen horse mackerel and commercial binder meal at different feeding frequencies of 4 times daily, 3 times daily, 2 times daily, once a day or once in 2 days. Growth and feed intake of fish were affected by diets and feeding frequencies (P of body wt.) in the all diet groups was significantly decreased according to feeding frequency decreased (P0,05). If the same feeding frequency, feed intake and growth of fish fed the moist pellet were lower (P
Diversity and evolution of sexually dimorphic mental and lateral glands in Cophomantini treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae: Hylinae)

We describe the structure and histochemistry of mental and lateral glands in a representative array of 28 species of five genera of the Neotropical hylid frog tribe Cophomantini. Structural diversity was coded in 15 characters that were optimized on the most recent phylogenetic hypothesis. Mental and lateral glands occur in 17 species and 10 species, respectively, whereas nine species have both. Each glandular concentration may have two types of sexually dimorphic skin glands (SDSGs), specialized mucous and specialized serous glands, which occur independently or may co-occur. Distinctive characteristics related to these glands are shape, aspect of the secretion, disposition, and distribution. The occurrences of mental and lateral glands, and the characters derived from macroscopic and microscopic examinations, have an intricate taxonomic distribution, with differing levels of homoplasy. The function of SDSGs in Cophomantini is currently unknown. However, based on structural and histochemical similarities to SDSGs from other species of amphibians where experimental evidence exists, we infer they might be involved in the secretion of chemical signals during courtship behaviour. The distribution pattern of these glands, along with the existence of different signals (i.e. acoustic, visual, tactile), suggests the presence of multimodal signalling for some species of the tribe. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 114, 12–34.
Immunological parameters in periparturient sheep

Two experiments were carried out to assess immunological parameters in periparturient dairy sheep. The Experiment 1 pointed out that cell-mediated immune response before lambing is weaker (P < 0.001) in fi rst-parity compared to pluriparous ewes. The same study also revealed that preweaning mortality and other related parameters, and serum immunoglobulins in post-colostral lambs did not differ between lambs born to primiparous or pluriparous ewes. Experiment 2 demonstrated that cell mediated immune response in periparturient Sardianian ewes is suppressed (P < 0.01) during the last week before and fi rst week after lambing
Daily livings in a smart home : users' living preference modeling of smart homes

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Blutreferenzwerte in Deutschland gehaltener europäischer Landschildkröten (Testudo spp.)

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Erstellung von 20 Blutparametern in Deutschland gehaltener mediterraner Landschildkröten und Vergleich der erhaltenen Parameter zwischen vier unterschiedlichen Landschildkrötenspezies. Material und Methoden: Bei 61 mediterranen, in Deutschland gehaltenen Landschildkröten wurden nach Blutentnahme aus der dorsalen Kokzygealvene hämatologische und blutchemische Referenzwerte von 20 Parametern erstellt. Die Untersuchung erstreckte sich auf Nachzuchttiere oder länger als drei Jahre im Besitz befindliche Tiere aus fünf kontrollierten Beständen. Alle Probanden wurden im Frühjahr bis Spätsommer im Freiland gehalten und hielten regelmäßig Winterschlaf. Die Fütterung der Schildkröten erfolgte ausschließlich mit pflanzlicher Kost. Die 61 klinisch unauffälligen Landschildkröten gehörten den Spezies Testudo marginata (Breitrandschildkröte; n = 16), Testudo graeca (Maurische Landschildkröte; n = 15), Testudo hermanni (Griechische Landschildkröte; n = 22) und Testudo horsfieldii (Russische Steppenschildkröte; n = 8) an. Ergebnisse: Median, Minimal- und Maximalwerte, sowie p-Werte wurden für Hämatokrit, Alanin-Aminotransferase, Aspartat-Aminotransferase, Glutamat-Dehydrogenase, alkalische Phosphatase, Kreatinkinase, Harnsäure, Harnstoff, Cholesterin, Glukose, Fruktosamin, Gesamtbilirubin, Gesamteiweiß, Albumin, Cholinesterase, Natrium, Kalium, Gesamtkalzium, ionisiertes Kalzium und anorganisches Phosphat ermittelt. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Bei 10 der untersuchten 20 Parameter konnten statistisch signifikante speziesspezifische Unterschiede festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass bei der Interpretation der Blutparameter so genannter „mediterraner Landschildkröten” unbedingt eine Speziesdifferenzierung stattfinden sollte.
Role of delay differential equations in modelling low level HIV viral load

Over the past 30 years, HIV has infected over 60 million people, with almost half succumbing to AIDS-related illnesses.While antiretroviral therapy, used to significantly reduce within-host HIV replication, was available within 10 years of the discovery of HIV/AIDS, it is only within the last 10 years that it has become truly effective and universally accessible. However, there are problems with this therapy, not least that it must be administered indefinitely , but is expensive and highly toxic. Furthermore, as therapy reaches more resource-limited regions, continual access can not be guaranteed, resulting in therapy interruptions. This, coupled with a significant cost reduction by systematically interrupting therapy, means a set of models which can account for both treatment events need to be developed, as numerous models exist for therapy introduction, but those for therapy removal are limited. Thus a set of delay differential models are designed, which account for previously overlooked important features of intracellular delay and HIV latency. Incorporation of these features requires additional model components, leading to a rapid increase in complexity. To combat this complexity issue, dimensional analysis is introduced, as a novel method of identifying key components to model function, thus allowing significant reduction in parameter space. Based on these developed models, a number of existing and potential treatment interruption regimes are investigated, with a best practice regime suggested.
Expression Of Proto Onco Gene C-Kit And Cancer Associated Fiboblasts Are Associated With Metastatic Potential Of Human Gastric Cancer

Background: The proto onco gene c-kit is a tyrosine kinase receptor plays significant role in embryo and postnatal development and also found to be expressed in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been found to be involved in promoting tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. The aim of study was to establish the expression pattern of c-kit and specific markers for CAFs in gastric epithelium tissues and their correlation with clinicopathological factors to establish their possible role in prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods : Expression of c-kit and specific markers for CAF or proteins secreted by CAF were assessed by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining of paraffin–embedded tissues, and RT-PCR in 64 tumors (observed group) and 33 normal gastric samples. The clinical pathological data was statistically analyzed by chi-square methods. Result: The positive rate of c-kit and CAF protein expression in the observed group as 84.38% (54/64) and 96.88% (62/64) respectively. RT-PCR results also showed elevated expression of c-kit, α-SMA, Vimentin, SDF-1 in gastric cancer than that of normal gastric tissues. The expression of c-kit and α -SMA was correlated with age, & gender of patients, position, size, & depth of the tumor, lymphatic invasion and node metastasis. c-kit and α –SMA prevalence is significantly correlated with size, & depth of the tumor, lymphatic invasion and node metastasis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Overall this data suggest that increased expression of c-kit and CAFs might be attributed with disease progression; malignancy transformation of gastric epithelium cells and prognosis of gastric cancer.
Studies on equine milk and comparative studies on equine and bovine milk systems

Acknowledgements Abbreviations Page Chapter 1 Equid Milk 1 Chapter 2 Equine Milk Proteins 106 Thesis Objectives 181 Chapter 3 Compositional, Chemical and Physico-Chemical Properties of Equine Milk 183 Chapter 4 Stability of Equine Casein Micelles. I. Acid-induced Coagulation of Equine Milk 244 Chapter 5 Stability of Equine Casein Micelles. II. Rennet-induced Coagulation of Equine Milk 278 Chapter 6 Stability of Equine Casein Micelles. III. Dissociation of Equine Casein Micelles by Various Treatments 339 Chapter 7 Effect of Heat or High Pressure on the Whey Proteins and Casein Micelles of Equine Milk 382 Chapter 8 Proteomic Study of Equine Milk Proteins and Comparison of Changes in Equine and Bovine Milk Proteins on Renneting 409 Chapter 9 Electron Microscopy Studies on Equine and Bovine Casein Micelles 458 Chapter 10 Digestion of Equine β-casein and Examination of Peptides for the Presence of Casomorphins 493 Chapter 11 General Discussion 517 Proposed Future Work 531 Appendix 535 Publications i Co-authored publications ii
Modified Transmitter Attachment Method for Adult Ducks

--The value of radio telemetry for waterfowl research depends on the availability of suitable methods of attaching transmitters. In previous studies, external transmitters attached to adult Mallards (Arias platyrhynchos) with sutures and glue did not stay on birds reliably. In an attempt to improve transmitter retention, a method of attachment was tested in which 4-g transmitters were attached mid-dorsally with sutures and with a stainless steel anchor-shaped wire inserted subcutaneously (anchor transmitters). Field tests indicated that all of 26 female Mallards and 63 of 65 female Gadwalls (Arias strepera) retained their anchor transmitters during 4369 bird-days of monitoring during nesting and brood rearing. Survival rates of females with anchor transmitters compared favorably with those reported from other studies. In this study, females with and without anchor transmitters did not differ with respect to survival rates of their ducklings. The anchor transmitter may be suitable for a variety of field studies on numerous species. UN M•TODO MODIFICADO PARA ADHERIR TRANSMISORES A PATOS ADULTOS Sinopsis. --E1 valor de la radio telemetrla para la investigaci6n de aves acufiticas depende de la disponibilidad de m6todos apropiados para adherir los transmisores. En estudios previos, transmisores externos adheridos a Arias platyrhynchos adultos con suturas y pegamento no quedaban fijados confiablemente a los adultos. En un intento de mejorar la retenci6n de transmisores, probamos transmisores de 4-g, adheridos a roeclio dorso con suturas o con un alambre de acero inoxidable en forma de ancla que se insertaron subcutfineamente (transmisores anclas). Pruebas de campo indican que todas las 26 hembras de Arias platyrhynchos y 63 de 65 hembras de Anas strepera retuvieron sus transmisores ancla durante 4369 dias-ave de monitoreo durante el anidaje y la educaci6n de la camada. Las tasas de supervivencia de hembras con transmisores ancla compararon favorablemente con las reportadas en otros estudios. En este estudio, hembras con o sin transmisores no difirieron con respecto alas tasas de supervivencia de sus crias. E1 transmisor ancla puede ser apropiado para una variedad de estudios de campo en numerosas especies. Biologists who use radio telemetry must consider two main objectives when choosing a method of attaching transmitters to research subjects: (1) the transmitter must be attached securely so that it remains on the animal for the desired data-collection period, and (2) the transmitter must be attached so that it does not harm the animal nor affect the animal in ways that would bias the data being collected. Over the past 20 yr, waterfowl biologists have tried a variety of attachment methods with varying results (e.g., Gilmer et al. 1974, Greenwood and Sargeant 1973, Perry 1981, Siegfried et al. 1977, Sorenson 1989, Wheeler 1991). Transmitters attached with harnesses consisting of two body-loops Formerly Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Evolution of repetitive DNA in angiosperms: examples from Nicotiana allopolyploids

5 Chapter 1 General Introduction . 11 The importance and occurrence of allopolyploidy in angiosperms . 11 Allopolyploidy and homoploid hybrid speciation: gene evolution and expression.13 Repetitive DNA and plant genomes . 18 Genome divergence following allopolyploidy . 20 Nicotiana as a model of allopolyploid evolution.24 Next generation sequencing (NGS) and plant genomes . 26 Aim and scope of the thesis . 28 Chapter 2 Next generation sequencing reveals genome downsizing in allotetraploid Nicotiana tabacum, predominantly through the elimination of paternally derived repetitive DNAs.30 Summary . 3