Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awareness, knowledge and comfort of pharmacy students on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV prevention

Introduction: Pharmacists are uniquely qualified to promote Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). The objective of this study was to measure pharmacy students’ awareness, knowledge, and comfort regarding PrEP and PEP in an urban setting. Methods: A 23-point questionnaire was distributed to pharmacy students between 2 May 2019 and 31 May 2019. Results: Eighty six pharmacy students responded to the survey. Most of them correctly identified FDA-approved regimens for PrEP and PEP. Most students thought that a pharmacist or intern counselling patients on PrEP or PEP was beneficial; however, a minority felt confident counselling patients on PrEP or PEP. Students who met criteria for composite knowledge were significantly more likely to report confidence in counselling. Conclusion: Pharmacy students have strong awareness, but limited knowledge and comfort regarding PrEP and PEP. Results from the survey will be used to assess the learning needs of pharmacy students and inform future curricular changes.
List of Tables

: This chapter provides a step-by-step guide for readers to perform both simple and complex analyses with PIAAC data using the IEA International Database (IDB) Analyzer. The IDB Analyzer is a Windows-based tool that generates SPSS and SAS syntax. Using this syntax, corresponding analyzes can be conducted in SPSS and SAS. The chapter will present the data-merging module as well as the analysis module. Potential analyses with the IDB Analyzer will be demonstrated, e.g., the calculation of percentages, averages, proficiency levels, linear regression, correlations, and percentiles.
IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SUGAR BEET CROP

Field experiments were conducted at Tameia Res. Station, Fayoum Governorate during 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons to study the effect of the combination between two ridge width treatments, i.e. (R 1 ): ridges of 60 cm width and (R 2 ) : ridges of 120 cm width (beds planted from both sides), with four irrigation regimes, i.e. (I 1 ) : 30%, (I 2 ) : 45%, (I 3 ) : 60% and (I 4 ): 75% available soil moisture depletion (ASMD) on sugar beet yield and its components, quality and some water relations. A split - plot design with four replication was used. The main obtained results were as follows:
Study of Fungal Contamination Intensive Care Units of Arak Educational Hospitals and Determining Drug Sensitivity Profiles of Isolated Species

Background and Aim: Fungal infections are among the most critical and common issues for hospitalized patients, especially in intensive care units. This study aimed to determine the fungal contamination of indoor air and surfaces in sensitive wards of the Arak University of Medical Sciences educational hospitals and determine the drug susceptibility pattern of isolated species. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 63 air samples were taken from sensitive hospital wards using the one-stage Anderson method, and 63 surfaces samples were taken using wet cotton swabs and cultured in saprodextrose agar medium containing chloramphenicol. Identification of the genus and, as far as possible, the species of fungi was performed using the culture method on the slide. Drug susceptibility testing was performed on isolated species by broth microdilution method (CLSI-M38A2 standard). Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.315). Results: From the total samples, 18 species of fungi were isolated. These included: Aspergillus niger (8), Aspergillus flavus (4), Aspergillus fumigatus (2), Rhizopus spp. (2), Mucor spp. (1) and Fusarium spp. (1). In the drug sensitivity assay, instances of resistance included: Partial sensitivity of Aspergillus fumigatus to Itraconazole (1), Partial sensitivity of Aspergillus niger to Ketoconazole (1), and Resistance of Aspergillus niger to Itraconazole (1). Conclusion: The pattern of nosocomial fungal infection with pathogenic fungi and the drug susceptibility pattern of these organisms in other regions of Iran and the world is relatively consistent with the present study results. And drugs listed in global guidelines for treating these infections, such as voriconazole and caspofungin in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive mucormycosis and Fusarium wilt, are now effective drugs. Keywords: Invasive fungal infections, Airborne fungi, Dru
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE READINESS OF BLENDED LEARNING AMONG LECTURERS AT UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA

The modern way of teaching and learning emphasizes the technology to be embedded in the education system. Thus, higher learning institutions (HLIs) are gradually switching their class delivering method from classroom-based teaching (CBT) to the so-called blended learning approach (BLA). The BLA integrates traditional CBT with the online teaching class. Thus, this study aims to investigate the readiness level towards BLA among lecturers in HLIs. Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) lecturers were chosen as a study population, and the sample of 350 lecturers was determined using a proportionate random sampling method. The survey method was used to gather the data, and by utilizing the descriptive statistic, our results suggest that lecturers in HLIs have a high level of readiness towards the BLA. Even though there are limitations, they are keen to participate in the BLA. The findings of this study will help HLIs to understand the readiness level of lecturers towards BLA, explicate how face-to-face and online classes could be integrated besides accommodates the loopholes in the system.
Families in flux: at the nexus of fluid family configurations and language practices

Research on multilingualism in the home has approached the family as a ﬁ xed unit thus neglecting the dynamic view of the family and its intersection with family language practices. The present study aims to address this gap by focusing on Russian-speaking mothers in Finland who have raised their children bilingually in single-parent as well as in dual-parent families. Russian speakers are the largest minority language group in Finland, and their number is constantly growing. The current study is a contribution to the research on family language practices in the Finnish context. It examines the nexus of shifts in family con ﬁ gurations and language practices and explores how the dynamic changes in family constellations shape language practices in four families. The study reveals that creating new kinships leads to shifts in the language practices of the peripheral family members and that forming voluntary kin can expand heritage language use and enable an overhearer and bystander role for children. Non-residential family members expand the family ’ s linguistic repertoire and support the legitimacy of already established practices. Being sole caretakers enables mothers to encourage language practices that they consider bene ﬁ cial for their children without encountering any resistance from other family members.
Molecular Targets for Gastric Cancer Treatment and Future Perspectives from a Clinical and Translational Point of View

Simple Summary During the last several years, gastric cancer has been extensively studied on the molecular level and distinct molecular subtypes have been defined accordingly. Here, we review the current data on targeted treatment approaches for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer based on molecular alterations or immunological features, ranging from clinically approved treatment strategies to more innovative concepts which are currently in preclinical or clinical development. Information on the translational context and methodology is also provided, holding promise for the further improved development of personalized treatment strategies in the future. Abstract Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Systemic treatment comprising chemotherapy and targeted therapy is the standard of care in advanced/metastatic gastric cancer. Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinomas by the TCGA Consortium and ACRG has resulted in the definition of distinct molecular subtypes. These efforts have in parallel built a basis for the development of novel molecularly stratified treatment approaches. Based on this molecular characterization, an increasing number of specific genomic alterations can potentially serve as treatment targets. Consequently, the development of promising compounds is ongoing. In this review, key molecular alterations in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers will be addressed. Finally, the current status of the translation of targeted therapy towards clinical applications will be reviewed.
Legal Implication of Law No.11/2020 Concerning Job Creation on Village-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia

The enactment of Law No.11/2020 concerning Job Creation (“Job Creation Law”) is one of the most controversial issues in Indonesia towards the end of 2020. Village-owned enterprise (“BUM Desa”) is one of the aspects that fall within the scope of this new law. This law changes the legal definition of BUM Desa. The change is not only important because it confirms the status of BUM Desa as a legal entity, but it also removes the concept of ownership criteria provisions as stipulated in the 2014 Village Law. The new definition also removes the concept of ‘separated wealth’ (kekayaan yang dipisahkan), which is the basic characteristic of public companies like BUMN and BUMD, as well as BUM Desa before the enactment of the Job Creation Law. Based on normative legal research, this paper seeks to identify the legal implication of issuance of the Job Creation Law on the legal aspects of BUM Desa. It aims to clarify to what extent the law addresses the various legal problems of BUM Desa and provides legal certainty for related stakeholders. The paper concludes that the Job Creation Law contains a number of provisions that have implications for the legal aspects of BUM Desa, among which: (1) the clarity and confirmation of the status of BUM Desa legal entities as stated in the new operational definition of BUM Desa; (2) The removal of ownership criteria from the operational definition of BUM Desa may open the possibility for BUM Desa to be controlled by private capital and dissolves the concept of village community ownership of BUM Desa; (3)The provisions regarding BUM Desa in the Job Creation Law has not clarified the misconception of BUM Desa as stipulated in the Village Law and the derivative regulations, but instead contains conflicting provisions that may spark further debate and maintain legal uncertainty in BUM Desa management and development. The implementing regulations relating to BUM Desa under the Job Creation Law to await finalization of the draft Law on BUM Desa to ensure consistency.
Fear and retrotopia – Critical reflections on the rise of defensive emotions in liquid modernity

This article critically addresses the contemporary study of what is called 'defensive emotions' such as fear and nostalgia among a number of social theorists. While it may be true that the collective emotions of fear and nostalgia (here framed by the phrase of 'retrotopia') may indeed be on the rise in Western liberal democracies, it is also important to be wary of taking the literature on the matter as a sign that fear and nostalgia actually permeate all levels of culture and everyday life. The article starts out with some reflections on the sociology of emotions and shows how the early interest in emotions (theoretical and empirical) among a small group of sociologists is today supplemented with the rise of a critical social theory using collective emotions as a lens for conducting a critical analysis of the times. Then the article in turn deals with the contemporary interest within varuious quarters of the social sciences with describing, analysing and diagnosing the rise of what is here called 'defensive emotions' – emotions that express and symbolize a society under attack and emotions that are mostly interpreted as negative signs of the times. This is followed by some reflections on the collective emotions of fear and nostalgia/retrotopia respectively. The article is concluded with a discussion of how we may understand and assess this relatively new interest in defensive emotions.
Altered Gut Microbiota in Korean Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and behavioral impairments. Recent studies have suggested that gut microbiota play a critical role in ASD pathogenesis. Herein, we investigated the fecal microflora of Korean ASD children to determine gut microbiota profiles associated with ASD. Specifically, fecal samples were obtained from 54 children with ASD and 38 age-matched children exhibiting typical development. Systematic bioinformatic analysis revealed that the composition of gut microbiota differed between ASD and typically developing children (TDC). Moreover, the total amounts of short-chain fatty acids, metabolites produced by bacteria, were increased in ASD children. At the phylum level, we found a significant decrease in the relative Bacteroidetes abundance of the ASD group, whereas Actinobacteria abundance was significantly increased. Furthermore, we found significantly lower Bacteroides levels and higher Bifidobacterium levels in the ASD group than in the TDC group at the genus level. Functional analysis of the microbiota in ASD children predicted that several pathways, including genetic information processing and amino acid metabolism, can be associated with ASD pathogenesis. Although more research is needed to determine whether the differences between ASD and TDC are actually related to ASD pathogenesis, these results provide further evidence of altered gut microbiota in children with ASD, possibly providing new perspectives on the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches for ASD patients.
Effects of rhizobial nod factors (Lipo chitooligosaccharide) on seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) under salt stress

Effects of nod factors (lipo chitooligosaccharide) on seedling growth of maize under salt stress have been studied. The study was framed with seed priming using lipo chitooligosaccharide (LCO) a nod factor @ 4 ml/kg of seeds and without priming on maize seedling growth which was exposed to different levels of salinity (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m). Salinity negatively influenced the seedling growth of maize. However nod factor treated maize seedlings had relatively higher germination percentage, root length, shoot length, reducing sugars and amylase activity. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between seedling growth parameters. Thus, seed priming with nod factor (4 ml/kg) improved the resistance to salinity at seedling stage. NaCl concentrations restricted amylase enzyme activity and reducing sugar content in the germinating seeds. Priming of nod factor/LCO mitigated the restricted effects of salinity on amylase activity and reducing sugars.
Loss of Ice Cover, Shifting Phenology, and More Extreme Events in Northern Hemisphere Lakes

Long‐term lake ice phenological records from around the Northern Hemisphere provide unique sensitive indicators of climatic variations, even prior to the existence of physical meteorological measurement stations. Here, we updated ice phenology records for 60 lakes with time‐series ranging from 107–204 years to provide the first re‐assessment of Northern Hemispheric ice trends since 2004 by adding 15 additional years of ice phenology records and 40 lakes to our study. We found that, on average, ice‐on was 11.0 days later, ice‐off was 6.8 days earlier, and ice duration was 17.0 days shorter per century over the entire record for each lake. Trends in ice‐on and ice duration were six times faster in the last 25‐year period (1992–2016) than previous quarter centuries. More extreme events in recent decades, including late ice‐on, early ice‐off, shorter periods of ice cover, or no ice cover at all, contribute to the increasing rate of lake ice loss. Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions could limit increases in air temperature and abate losses in lake ice cover that would subsequently limit ecological, cultural, and socioeconomic consequences, such as increased evaporation rates, warmer water temperatures, degraded water quality, and the formation of toxic algal blooms.
Epidemiology of Drowning Incidents among Children at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Oman

Objectives We sought to study the epidemiology of drowning among children reported at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Oman. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of the patients who presented to the emergency department with a history of drowning over 10 years from January 2008 to December 2017. Patients with children aged one to 18 years old were included in the study. The data including demographics, timing and location of drowning, season, adult supervision, swimming ability, medical risk factors, duration of submersion, on spot resuscitation, emergency medicine department assessment, and hospital management and outcome were collected from electronic hospital information system using a preformed proforma. The outcome was categorized into either full recovery, severe neurological injury, or brain death based on the pediatric cerebral performance category (PCPC). A good outcome represents a score of 1–3 points, and a PCPC of 4–6 points corresponds to a poor outcome. We calculated correlation for all variables with the outcome by using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. A p-value of < 0.050 is taken as significant value. Results A total of 74 patients were included in the study; 54 (73.0%) were male, and 47 (63.5%) were aged < 6 years old. More than half (59.4%) of drownings happened in swimming pool, 21 (28.4%) children were unsupervised during the incident, and 39 (52.7%) required cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Out of all studied subjects, three (4.1%) were brain dead, and two (2.7%) developed severe neurological injury. On univariate analysis, the following variables were statistically significant (p < 0.050), predicting the poor outcome like lack of adult supervision, duration of submersion >10 minutes, asystole, Glasgow Coma Scale < 8, temperature < 35 oC, pH < 7, anion gap > 20, blood glucose > 10 mmol/L, abnormal chest X-ray findings, rewarming, CPR, intubation, inotropic support, and pediatric intensive care unit admission. Conclusions Our study suggests that children, especially males under the age of six with no swimming ability, need strict supervision next to bodies of water. Furthermore, preventive measures might include raising community awareness about the risk factors of drowning, commencing public CPR lessons, and strict pool safety regulation by related authorities.
Entropy

The concept of entropy constitutes, together with energy, a cornerstone of contemporary physics and related areas. It was originally introduced by Clausius in 1865 along abstract lines focusing on thermodynamical irreversibility of macroscopic physical processes. In the next decade, Boltzmann made the genius connection—further developed by Gibbs—of the entropy with the microscopic world, which led to the formulation of a new and impressively successful physical theory, thereafter named statistical mechanics. The extension to quantum mechanical systems was formalized by von Neumann in 1927, and the connections with the theory of communications and, more widely, with the theory of information were respectively introduced by Shannon in 1948 and Jaynes in 1957. Since then, over fifty new entropic functionals emerged in the scientific and technological literature. The most popular among them are the additive Renyi one introduced in 1961, and the nonadditive one introduced in 1988 as a basis for the generalization of the Boltzmann–Gibbs and related equilibrium and nonequilibrium theories, focusing on natural, artificial and social complex systems. Along such lines, theoretical, experimental, observational and computational efforts, and their connections to nonlinear dynamical systems and the theory of probabilities, are currently under progress. Illustrative applications, in physics and elsewhere, of these recent developments are briefly described in the present synopsis.
The Effect of Climate Variability on Maize Production in the Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality, Ghana

Agriculture is one of the sectors most susceptible to changes in climatic conditions. The impact is even stronger in Africa, where rain-fed agriculture is vital for daily subsistence, but where adaptive capacity is low. It is therefore crucial to increase the understanding of the actual climate change dynamics on agricultural productivity. This study examined the effects of changes in climatic variables such as rainfall and temperature on maize production in the Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality, Ghana. Regression, chi-square and trend analyses were used to establish the relationship between climate variables (rainfall and temperature) and maize yield in the study area. This was supplemented with participatory household interviews with 120 farmers to understand the perception of farmers on rainfall and temperature patterns. The results from the study respondents and trend analysis show that rainfall is shorter in terms of duration and less predictable, whilst temperature has increased. The findings suggest that the general relationship between rainfall, temperature and maize yield is such that maize yield increased with increasing rainfall of the right amount and distribution pattern and decreased with increasing temperature. The study concludes that climate variability and/or change is evident in the study area and its effect on maize yield is severe.
Association of dietary total antioxidant capacity with depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders: A systematic review of observational studies

Background and Aim: We aimed to systematically review observational studies that evaluated the potential association of the dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) with common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) and sleep disorders. Methods: Studies with an observational design that evaluated the association between the dTAC and common mental disorders and sleep disorders were identified using the PubMed and Scopus databases. The meta-analysis guideline of observational studies in epidemiology and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis were used to conduct and report the data of this systematic review. Results: Of the 439 records, seven studies were included in this review. There was a sample variation of 41-3297 participants. We highlight that five of the studies analyzed were conducted in the Iranian population. Four studies analyzed only women, and three studies were conducted with postmenopausal or climacteric women. Four cross-sectional studies showed inverse associations between the dTAC and depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders in Iranians. Conclusion: The consumption of a diet rich in antioxidants, characterized by high dTAC scores, seems to be inversely associated with depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. However, further studies with different populations and designs are necessary for a better understand this relationship. Relevance to Patients: This review assesses the association of the dTAC with common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) with sleep disorders. This will help guide further studies on the relationship between diet and mental disorders and sleep disorders. Knowledge about these relationships is essential for the creation of non-pharmacological practices for the prevention of these disorders.