Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reducing stigma in high school students: A cluster randomized controlled trial of the National Alliance on Mental Illness’ Ending the Silence intervention.

Beyond education and contact program components, existing research on how to design a successful adolescent stigma reduction intervention has been inconclusive. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a school-based mental health (MH) stigma reduction and health promotion program, “Ending the Silence” (ETS), developed by the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). A diverse sample of 206 high school students in New York City participated in the current study. Using a cluster randomized controlled trial design, fourteen 9 th -12 th grade classes (Grade 9-12) were randomly assigned to the ETS program or an active control presentation on careers in psychology. Students completed four surveys throughout the study (pre, immediate post-presentation, 4-weeks post, 8-weeks post). Prospective results (over two-months) and qualitative feedback were analyzed. Prospectively, mixed effects modelling indicated significant effects in favor of the ETS group for reduced negative stereotypes, improved mental health knowledge, and less anticipated risk for disclosing to a counselor. There were also trends in favor of the ETS group for reductions in intended social distancing and negative affect, and improvements in help-seeking intentions. Other predictors of stigma included mental health knowledge, gender, race/ethnicity, prior contact with mental illness, and grade level. Qualitative feedback indicated positive impressions of ETS overall, but suggestions for more interactive activities and discussion. Relatively brief programs such as ETS appear to be a practical vehicle for stigma reduction. Future research is warranted on longer-term programs and adolescent development variables. Reducing High School Stigma: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of the National Alliance on Mental Illness’ Ending the Silence Intervention
The Ecology of the Dingo in North-Eastern New South Wales. 2. Diet.

The diet of two populations of dingoes, from adjacent areas different in topography and altitude, from 1969 to 1974, were similar. The remains of native mammals were found in over 90% of the scats, and Wallabia bicolor was the most important single prey species in both areas. The high frequency of large native species in this and other studies of dingoes' diet suggested that dingoes may be essentially predators of the larger native species. The mammalian composition of the diet varied significantly between May-October and November-April; this reflected a change in the hunting strategy ofthe dingo, as an outcome of behavioural necessity rather than a change in the relative abundances of prey species. Concurrent with an increase in the dingo population, the composition of the diet changed between 1972 and 1974, with an increased concentration on larger prey species in the later years; this also indicated a change in hunting strategy. Large prey species provide potentially more biomass per unit kill; and this change in hunting strategy may be a behavioural mechanism for buffering dingo populations against either increases in their own population or decreases in those of their prey.
Amino Acid Analysis in the Shore Crab Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: Brachyura)

Abstract Although amino acid flux models have been developed in fish and other crustaceans, this is the first study to present an amino acid flux model for crabs. This study investigates the influence of different feeds and the deprivation of food on the free amino acid (FAA) pool, the rate of protein turnover and their relation to the growth and flux of amino acids in the shore crab Carcinus maenas. A model was developed for amino acid flux describing food consumption rates, assimilation rates, protein synthesis rates, growth and protein degradation, and losses. Crabs were fed frozen mussel (Mytilus edulis) tissue (Diet 1) or (fresh) white muscle from salmon (Salmo salar) (Diet 2) at 7% of their body weight per day while other crabs were starved for ten days. In the starved crabs, the amino acids partitioned into protein synthesis made up 36% of the free amino acid pool. There was a 50% reduction in the rate of protein synthesis in the starved crabs compared with the fed crabs. It was estimated that daily dietary amino acid intake might compose up to seven times the crabs' FAA pool. In addition, daily protein synthesis and degradation might respectively remove and return the equivalent of up to 4 times and twice the size of the FAA pool in the fed crabs, respectively. Specimens of C. maenas deposited in body proteins (as net growth) 14% in diet 1 and 40% in diet 2 of their amino acid consumption. The amino acid flux in the fed crabs suggested low protein conversion efficiency compared to other decapod crustaceans, including shrimps and lobsters.
Apoplastic and membrane-associated Ca2+ in leaves and roots as affected by boron deficiency

A combination of fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC), coumarin-benzothiazol (BTC), and chlorotetracycline (CTC) fluorescence was used to simultaneously monitor apoplastic pH, apoplastic free Ca 2+ , and plasma membrane-bound Ca 2+ . As early boron deficiency reactions supposedly include alterations of plasma membrane-bound transport processes besides rapid effects on cell wall physical properties, the corresponding changes were followed in leaves and roots of Vicia faba L. cv. Troy. Boron deficiency did not alter the apoplastic pH, but it reduced plasma membrane-bound Ca 2+ in roots at 4 h and leaves at 3 days after starting the deficiency treatment. The decrease in plasma membrane-bound Ca 2+ coincided with an increase in apoplastic free Ca 2+ and K + , and occurred before the first visible symptoms were noticed. It is proposed that less Ca 2+ is bound to the plasma membrane due to a reduction of specific Ca 2+ -binding sites (borate esters with vic-diols or polyhydroxy-carboxylates) before plasma membrane integrity deteriorates.
Intra-industry firm heterogeneity, sub-optimal adaptation and exit hazard: a fitness landscape approach to firm survival and learning

ABSTRACT We draw on insights from the fitness landscape literature and from models of firm dynamics with learning to hypothesise that: (i) firms in industries with higher company age or size heterogeneity have higher exit hazard after controlling for age, size, and a variety of other predictors of firm survival; and (ii) higher levels of R&D investment mitigate the hazard-increasing effects of industry firm heterogeneity after controlling for the direct effects of R&D intensities at industry and firm level. We test for these novel sources of selection with evidence from a panel dataset of 35,136 R&D-active UK firms from 1998 to 2012 and a range of discrete-time hazard estimators. The findings, which remain robust to multiple sensitivity checks, offer two novel contributions to the literature: (i) firm heterogeneity is not just a passive precondition for subsequent selection process in industry evolution; this heterogeneity enhances selection as more firms might be stranded in suboptimal positions; (ii) firms in more heterogenous industries can mitigate the hazard-increasing effects through R&D investment that facilitates adaptation and search for better fitness locations.
Ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids of feed peas with different trypsin inhibitor activity in pigs.

Ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids was measured in pigs fed 13 round, tannin-free peas samples and related to the following physical, chemical and biological characteristics of these samples: thousand-seed weight, proportion of hulls, starch, fibre, crude protein, ether extract and ash contents, trypsin inhibitor activity and trypsin inhibitor activity per unit of crude protein (TIAP). Each pea sample was included in a diet containing starch, sucrose, minerals and vitamins and fed to four barrows (50 to 100 kg) fitted with an end-to-end ileo-rectal anastomosis. Standardised ileal protein and amino acid digestibilities, except for alanine of peas decreased linearly with increasing TIAP (P < 0.01) and was not affected by fiber content. For example standardized ileal digestibilities values (%) decreased by −0.1975, −0.1617, −0.2171, −0.2630, −0.2029 and −0.3536 per unit of TIAP (expressed in unit of trypsin inhibited per milligram crude protein), respectively, for crude protein and lysine, threon.
Amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition in chromosome 14–linked Alzheimer's disease: Predominance of Aβ42(43)

Amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition was investigated in the frontal cortex of 8 cases of (genetically confirmed) chromosome 14–linked Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the end‐specific monoclonal antibodies BA27 and BC05 to detect the presnce of Aβ40 and Aβ42(43), respectively. IN all patients, Aβ42(43) was the predominant peptide species present. The total amount of Aβ40 and Aβ42(43) deposited was more than twice the amount deposited in cases of sporadic AD of similar disease duration, although the ratio between the extent of Aβ40 and Aβ42(43) deposition was unaltered, compared with sporadic AD. Therefore, (one of) the effects of the mutations in the presenilin 1:PS‐1 (S182) gene may be to cause or at least promote an early and excessive deposition of Aβ42(43) within the brain, a property shared with other inherited forms of AD, such as those due to amyloid precursor protein mutations, and Down's syndrome (trisomy 21).
Effect of heat treatment on the rennet coagulation properties of recombined high total solids milk made from milk protein concentrate powder

The effects of heat treatment on the small and large deformation rheological properties of rennet gels made from recombined high total solids milk made from milk protein concentrate were studied. Heat treatment of recombined milk resulted in a slower rate of increase in the storage modulus (G') of rennet induced gels, a reduction in the gelation time and a decrease in the yield force required to fracture gels. The extent of whey protein denaturation (as a result of heat treatment) was related to the decrease in the G' value of gels as well as the yield force.
Effect of codend mesh size increases on the size selectivity of commercial species in a small mesh bottom trawl fishery

Summary The effects of increasing codend mesh size from 11.6 to 25 and 28.7 mm (inside stretched mesh) on the selectivity of greater lizardfish (Saurida tumbil), squid (Loligo sp.), and penaeid shrimp caught by an inshore otter trawling fishery at Nha Trang City, Vietnam were assessed. The proportion of escaping trash fish from the studied codends was also examined. In general, the lengths at 50% retention (L50) of the studied species increased with increasing codend mesh size. L50 values of greater lizardfish for the 25 and 28.7 mm codends were 109.4 and 145.9 mm, respectively. The 11.6, 25, and 28.7 mm codends selected shrimp at L50s of 8.33, 11.86, and 13.92 mm, respectively, and squid (mantle lengths) at 13.1, 36.1, and 41.9 mm, respectively. The mean proportions of escaping trash fish were 0.06, 0.68, and 0.85 for the three codends, respectively. A minimum mesh size of 25 mm is a good compromise between management goals and fishery demands.
The implementation of the internship as a coursework in teaching and learning vocational education

Internship is one of the common practices of higher education institutions in Malaysia for enhancing the learning experience and technical skills among their students. Students who follow the internship programme are found not only to be able to develop their professional attributes but also have the opportunity to acquire professional networks and career paths. Besides being a conventional approach that links students with real-world employment experience for a programme, internship can also be implemented for a specific course within a programme. The article discusses the implementation of an internship programme as a pedagogical approach in providing experiential learning for a specific course, i.e., Foundation and Concrete Work. This study involved 51 second-year students who were pursuing a degree in vocational education at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Analysis on the impact of the internship experience indicates that the internship programme is an effective pedagogical approach for experiential learning for foundation and concrete work course.
Recovery of Nesting Bald Eagles in Texas

Abstract One of the most successful conservation stories in United States' history resulted in Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Bald Eagle) being removed recently from the federal endangered species list. Few studies, however, have documented regional long-term recovery trends for Bald Eagles. We quantified Bald Eagle nesting density, distribution, and productivity trends by using aerial surveys of nests located in 69 counties in eastern Texas from 1971–2005. The total number of occupied nests, productive nests, and offspring produced increased exponentially during that time, with the most dramatic increases occurring from 1995–2005. Since 1971, the total number of occupied nests increased 13% per year, from 5 in 1971 to 157 in 2005, and the total number of young produced also increased 13% per year, from 6 in 1971 to 195 in 2005. Apparent nest success estimates (50–100%) and mean brood size (1–2 young/nest), however, remained relatively consistent from 1971 to 2005. By 1989, Bald Eagles in Texas exceeded recovery goals set by the Southeastern States Bald Eagle Recovery Team (i.e., >0.9 young produced/occupied nest, >1.5 young produced/successful nest, and >50% of nests successful in raising at least 1 young). Continued regional increases in Bald Eagle nesting activity may warrant specific attention, particularly as related to anthropogenic pressures and interactions in increasingly fragmented and urbanized habitats.
Modulation and Control of Series/Parallel Module for Ripple-Current Reduction in Star-Configured Split-Battery Applications

Split-battery converters based on cascaded H-bridges (CHBs) are gaining popularity due to their excellent physical modularity. During operation, however, the batteries experience substantial current ripple. Conventional ripple-current reduction methods rely on bulky passive components or complicated control. This article presents modulation and common-mode voltage injection methods for cascaded double-H-bridge converters (CHB2). The control methods directly mitigate the source of the ripple current—the fluctuating arm power—by exploiting the parallel interconnection across the CHB2 arms. In the lab setup, the proposed solution approximately halves the battery current ripple compared to the CHB counterpart. Finally, this article studies component sizing and limitations of the proposed solution.
Immature stages of Parrhasius polibetes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): host plants, tending ants, natural enemies and morphology

Natural history and immature stage morphology of the facultative myrmecophilous butterfly Parrhasius polibetes (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) are described and illustrated through both light and scanning electron microscopy. Larvae underwent four instars. At the third instar, the dorsal nectar organ became present and functional, and larvae were facultatively tended by several ant species, those also tending plants bearing extrafloral nectaries and honeydew-producing hemipterans. Larvae were florivorous and polyphagous at the species level, using at least 44 species of plants in 19 families. Most host plants (∼ 89%) had some type of ant-attractive features, such as extrafloral nectaries or ant-tended treehoppers. The host range of this butterfly species allows the use of floral resources throughout the year. Food sources that promote ant visitation, flower bud morphology and phenology appear to be related to the evolution and maintenance of polyphagy in this butterfly species.
Online dating profiles, first-date interactions, and the enhancement of communication satisfaction and desires for future interaction

ABSTRACT This study uses an experimental design to examine the uncertainty-reducing effect of online dating profiles on initial first-date interactions. Zero-history dyads (N = 108) participated in a brief first meeting in the lab, where they were randomly assigned to either a dating profile (experimental) condition or a no-profile control group. Results indicated that profile viewing had an amplification effect on initial interactions. Profiles strengthened the actor effects of eagerness to communicate before the interaction, disclosure during the interaction, and uncertainty and similarity after the interaction on an individual’s own communication satisfaction with the first date. Profiles also intensified the partner effect of nonverbal affiliation during the interaction on communication satisfaction. Implications for uncertainty reduction theory and profile design are discussed.
Effect of sampling strategy on estimation of fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in Androsace tapete (Primulaceae), an alpine plant endemic to Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Abstract The fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) of alpine plants is receiving increasing attention, from which seed and pollen dispersal can be inferred. However, estimation of SGS may depend strongly on the sampling strategy, including the sample size and spatial sampling scheme. Here, we examined the effects of sample size and three spatial schemes, simple‐random, line‐transect, and random‐cluster sampling, on the estimation of SGS in Androsace tapete, an alpine cushion plant endemic to Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Using both real data and simulated data of dominant molecular markers, we show that: (i) SGS is highly sensitive to sample strategy especially when the sample size is small (e.g., below 100); (ii) the commonly used SGS parameter (the intercept of the autocorrelogram) is more susceptible to sample error than a newly developed Sp statistic; and (iii) the random‐cluster scheme is susceptible to obvious bias in parameter estimation even when the sample size is relatively large (e.g., above 200). Overall, the line‐transect scheme is recommendable, in that it performs slightly better than the simple‐random scheme in parameter estimation and is more efficient to encompass broad spatial scales. The consistency between simulated data and real data implies that these findings might hold true in other alpine plants and more species should be examined in future work.
Behavioural interactions in stream food webs: the case of drift‐feeding fish, predatory invertebrates and grazing mayflies

Summary 1. We examined direct and indirect behavioural responses of grazing mayfly nymphs (Baetis rhodani) to predation risk from a drift-feeding fish (European minnow; odour manipulated), and two types of invertebrate predators, Diura bicaudata (stonefly) and Rhyacophila nubila (caddis larva). We also assessed the direct responses of the invertebrate predators to fish chemicals. 2. Based on diel gut content periodicity, D. bicaudata nymphs were strongly nocturnal foragers. R. nubila was also nocturnal, but only in a fish stream; in a stream lacking fish, their gut contents did not vary significantly on a diel basis. In the laboratory, Diura was nocturnal even in the absence of fish and almost ceased moving when fish was present. Rhyacophila shifted from aperiodic to nocturnal foraging in the presence of fish. 3. The contrasting behaviours of the two predators may be explained by their respective field distributions: D. bicaudata always co-occurs with fish, whereas R. nubila is also found in streams without fish. Therefore, a capacity for plastic anti-fish responses is beneficial for R. nubila, but not for D. bicaudata. 4. Drift of large Baetis nymphs was aperiodic when Rhyacophila was present, but nocturnal in all other treatments. Drift rate was highest when both Diura and fish were present and lowest in treatments with Rhyacophila. Predatory stoneflies, but not the caddis larva, induced a night-time peak in the drift of both Baetis size-classes. In the absence of predators, small Baetis drifted aperiodically. Interaction terms in three-way anovas testing for the indirect effects of fish and invertebrate predators on mayfly drift periodicity and drift rate were all non-significant, indicating that the response of Baetis to one type of predator was not modified by the other predator. 5. Our results indicate that the drift periodicity of lotic mayflies may be fine-tuned to variations in the multi-predator environment and that prey responses are size-specific. We conclude that the effects of invertebrate predators on prey behaviour vary in relation to predator's foraging strategy and generalizations based on studies with only one type of predator should be avoided.
Interrelationships Among Aphids, Tarnished Plant Bugs, and Alfalfas

Both aphid-resistant and aphid-susceptible alfalfa varieties, Medicago sativa L. , were more attractive to the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), in cages containing spotted alfalfa aphids, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), than in cages lacking aphids. However, plant bug increase on the aphid-resistant variety 'Kanza' was only 17.6%, compared with 123.2% for the aphid-susceptible variety 'Alfa. ' In the absence of aphids, attractiveness of the 2 varieties was similar. Rate of tarnished plant bug mortality was markedly lower in cages containing aphids than it was in control cages. Tarnished plant bugs were observed feeding on pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and spotted alfalfa aphids. When caged on an aphid-susceptible alfalfaclone, adult plant bugs apparently destroyed an average of 2.4 spotted alfalfa aphid and 2.1 pea aphid nymphs per day. Alfalfa sprayed with a 10% sucrose solution attracted significantly more (72%) bugs than did unsprayed alfalfa. Bug increases from spraying were 33 and . 143% for 'KSl0' and Alfa, respectively.
Influence of temperature and time on microbial, physicochemical and functional quality of goat milk

Microbial load in fresh milk has a significant effect on its keeping quality and nutritional value. From Prehistoric time, human used heat process to reduce microbials load in raw milk to improve its sensory characteristics. This research is proposed to treat fresh goat milk with heating process to provide optimal pasteurization conditions that does not influence the goat milk chemical composition to suite production of goat yogurt powder. The pasteurization conditions considered were: Temperature (72, 80, and 85°C) and time (5, 10 and 15s). These results showed there were a significant difference (P<0.05) between treated milk and Indonesia national standards on viscosity and pH; whereas there was no significant differences on density and titratable acidity. The study results concluded that the temperature and time during heat processing had a significant effect on nutritional compounds of goat milk, with increase in lactose and non-fat solids contents; therefore, treated goat milk at 85°C to 5 s is better than other treatments. Key words: Goat’s milk, pasteurization, physicochemical analysis, microbiology.