Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate variability and relationships between top‐of‐atmosphere radiation and temperatures on Earth

The monthly global and regional variability in Earth's radiation balance is examined using correlations and regressions between atmospheric temperatures and water vapor with top‐of‐atmosphere outgoing longwave (OLR), absorbed shortwave (ASR), and net radiation (RT = ASR − OLR). Anomalous global mean monthly variability in the net radiation is surprisingly large, often more than ±1 W m−2, and arises mainly from clouds and transient weather systems. Relationships are strongest and positive between OLR and temperatures, especially over land for tropospheric temperatures, except in the deep tropics where high sea surface temperatures are associated with deep convection, high cold cloud tops and thus less OLR but also less ASR. Tropospheric vertically averaged temperatures (surface = 150 hPa) are thus negatively correlated globally with net radiation (−0.57), implying 2.18 ± 0.10 W m−2 extra net radiation to space for 1°C increase in temperature. Water vapor is positively correlated with tropospheric temperatures and thus also negatively correlated with net radiation; however, when the temperature dependency of water vapor is statistically removed, a significant positive feedback between water vapor and net radiation is revealed globally with 0.87 W m−2 less OLR to space per millimeter of total column water vapor. The regression coefficient between global RT and tropospheric temperature becomes −2.98 W m−2 K−1 if water vapor effects are removed, slightly less than expected from blackbody radiation (−3.2 W m−2 K−1), suggesting a positive feedback from clouds and other processes. Robust regional structures provide additional physical insights. The observational record is too short, weather noise too great, and forcing too small to make reliable estimates of climate sensitivity.
Modélisation topo-bathymétrique et transit sédimentaire. Exemple des plages sableuses de la baie de Tunis, Nord-Est de la Tunisie

Cette etude cherche a estimer le taux moyen du transit sedimentaire le long des plages sableuses de la baie de Tunis, et a etudier sa variabilite longitudinale en fonction du comportement dissipatif ou reflexif de la plage. La methode d’estimation du transit s’appuie sur l’analyse a long terme, entre 1883-1886 et 2004-2005, de l’evolution topo-bathymetrique des fonds marins. La qualite du lot de donnees bathymetriques mis a disposition permet la mise en œuvre, au sein d’un Systeme d’Information Geographique, et pour chaque periode, d’un Modele Numerique de Profondeur (MNP) interpole par krigeage, methode choisie apres le test de differents algorithmes. La superposition de deux MNP permet le calcul des volumes de sables (cubatures) correspondant aux surfaces en erosion ou en accretion, des bilans sedimentaires et par deduction des taux moyens du transit sedimentaire. L’etablissement du bilan sedimentaire est grandement facilite par l’introduction de deux concepts : la cellule sedimentaire et la profondeur de fermeture. Des correlations satisfaisantes sont constatees lorsqu’on compare ces taux a ceux estimes soit par cubature soit par l’application de la formule empirique du Laboratoire Central d’Hydraulique de France (LCHF) ou du modele numerique UNIBEST. L’examen de l’evolution des taux du transit en fonction du comportement des plages, qui sont plus ou moins dissipatives, montre que le taux moyen du transport longitudinal par la derive littorale est inversement proportionnel a la capacite de dissipation de l’energie des vagues de la plage.
Developing water change spectra and distinguishing change drivers worldwide

The separate and combined effects of different drivers of change to water fluxes and resources on land (CWOL) remain difficult to distinguish and largely unknown, particularly at a global scale. Our study analyzes CWOL during the period 1901–2008, based on available hydroclimatic data for up to 859 hydrological basins. We develop a worldwide spectrum of change magnitudes and directions in Budyko space, from which we distinguish climate and landscape drivers of CWOL. We find that landscape drivers (e.g., changes in land and water use, water storage or water phase) are needed to explain CWOL in at least 74% of the basins studied. The water change effects of such landscape drivers are mostly opposite to those of atmospheric climate change. The change spectrum approach we developed provides a useful tool for quantifying and visualizing CWOL and for distinguishing the effects of climate and landscape drivers across regions and scales.
Genetic Variants as Predictors of the Success of Colorectal Cancer Treatments

Simple Summary Some colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes are partially associated with genetics, and different studies have proposed several genetic variants as predictors. However, analysis of their performance in other populations is limited. Thus, our objectives were to assess their use in our cohort and to find additional genetic variants associated with CRC outcomes. We found that some of the genetic variants proposed as predictors could be used in our cohort, although the addition of clinical data improved the performance. In addition, we found additional genetic variants that could be useful to predict the CRC manifestations in our population. Our findings will help to refine the use of genetic polymorphisms to predict CRC outcomes in our population, and we expect that our findings could be useful for other populations. Abstract Background: Some genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) have been proposed as predictors for different colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes. This work aims to assess their performance in our cohort and find new SNPs associated with them. Methods: A total of 833 CRC cases were analyzed for seven outcomes, including the use of chemotherapy, and stratified by tumor location and stage. The performance of 63 SNPs was assessed using a generalized linear model and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and local SNPs were detected using logistic regressions. Results: In total 26 of the SNPs showed an AUC > 0.6 and a significant association (p < 0.05) with one or more outcomes. However, clinical variables outperformed some of them, and the combination of genetic and clinical data showed better performance. In addition, 49 suggestive (p < 5 × 10−6) SNPs associated with one or more CRC outcomes were detected, and those SNPs were located at or near genes involved in biological mechanisms associated with CRC. Conclusions: Some SNPs with clinical data can be used in our population as predictors of some CRC outcomes, and the local SNPs detected in our study could be feasible markers that need further validation as predictors.
Coronary Event Risk Test (CERT) as a Risk Predictor for the 10-Year Clinical Outcome of Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease

(1) Background: Ceramides are a new kind of lipid biomarker and have already been demonstrated to be valuable risk predictors in coronary patients. Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are a population with a worse prognosis and higher mortality risk compared to coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. However, the value of ceramides for risk prediction in PAD patients is still vague, as addressed in the present study. (2)Methods: This observational study included 379 PAD patients. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 10 years of follow-up. A set of ceramides was measured by LC-MS/MS and combined according to the Coronary Event Risk Test (CERT) score, which categorizes patients into one of four risk groups (low risk, moderate risk, high risk, very high risk). (3) Results: Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that the overall survival of patients decreased with the increasing risk predicted by the four CERT categories, advancing from low risk to very high risk. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that each one-category increase resulted in a 35% rise in overall mortality risk (HR = 1.35 [1.16–1.58]). Multivariable adjustment, including, among others, age, LDL-cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, and statin treatment before the baseline, did not abrogate this significant association (HR = 1.22 [1.04–1.43]). Moreover, we found that the beneficial effect of statin treatment is significantly stronger in patients with a higher risk, according to CERT. (4) Conclusions: We conclude that the ceramide-based risk score CERT is a strong predictor of the 10-year mortality risk in patients with PAD.
Examining the differentiation in pre-service mathematics teachers’ learning and studying approaches according to self-reinforcing, and persistence

The aim of this study is to reveal the profiles of pre-service mathematics teachers in terms of learning and studying approaches by cluster-analyzing them on the basis of self-reinforcing and persistence. Learning and studying approaches inventory scale, self-reinforcing and persistence subscales were used to collect the data in the study, which was carried out with a descriptive research design. The participants of the study comprised of 487 pre-service mathematics teachers. According to the results, it was determined that the surface learning approach of the pre-service teachers did not differ according to gender while the strategic learning approach and the deep learning approach differed in favor of males. There was no significant difference in the learning approaches of the participants according to the grade level. According to the cluster analysis, it was revealed that pre-service teachers can be clustered as low motivation, high motivation, high self-reinforcing and high persistence.
N-Acetylcysteine Displaces Glutathionyl-Moieties from Hg2+ and MeHg+ to Form More Hydrophobic Complexes at Near-Physiological Conditions

The anthropogenic release of Hg is associated with an increased human exposure risk. Since Hg2+ and MeHg+ have a high affinity for thiols, their interaction with L-glutathione (GSH) within mammalian cells is fundamentally involved in their toxicological chemistry and excretion. To gain insight into the interaction of these mercurials with multiple small molecular weight thiols, we have investigated their competitive interactions with GSH and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) at near-physiological conditions, using a liquid chromatographic approach. This approach involved the injection of each mercurial onto a reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC column (37 °C) using a PBS buffer mobile phase containing 5.0 mM GSH to simulate cytosolic conditions with Hg being detected in the column effluent by an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). When the 5.0 mM GSH mobile phase was amended with up to 10 mM NAC, gradually increasing retention times of both mercurials were observed. To explain this behavior, the experiment with 5.0 mM NAC and 5.0 mM GSH was replicated using 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.4), and the Hg-containing fractions were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The results revealed the presence of Hg(GS)(NAC) and Hg(NAC)2 for Hg2+ and MeHg(GS) and MeHg(NAC) for MeHg+, which suggests that the coordination/displacement of GS-moieties from each mercurial by the more hydrophobic NAC can explain their retention behavior. Since the biotransformations of both mercurials were observed at near-physiological conditions, they are of toxicological relevance as they provide a biomolecular explanation for some results that were obtained when animals were administered with each mercurial and NAC.
Modulation mechanisms of marine atmospheric boundary layer at the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence region

The influence of the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence (BMC) region on the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is investigated through in situ data analysis of five different cruises (2004 to 2008) and numerical experiments with a regional atmospheric model. Two different groups of numerical experiments were performed in order to evaluate the relevance of static stability and hydrostatic balance physical mechanisms for the MABL instability. The first group used monthly climatological sea surface temperature (SST) as bottom boundary condition while the second used daily updated Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS SST data together with radiosondes and surface data assimilation. A reasonable agreement between numerical results and QuikSCAT wind data was observed through correlation coefficients and mean square error values. In terms of the horizontal structure of the MABL, stronger winds were found over the warm side of the BMC region as well as over the thermal front itself, which supports the coexistence of both modulation mechanisms. The analyzed patterns of surface atmospheric thermal advection showed a clear interaction between the synoptic and regional scales. The signature of the oceanic thermal front (almost meridionally oriented) on the air temperature at 2 m makes the temperature advection strongly determined by the zonal component of the wind. The analysis of momentum budget terms did not show a clear and reasonable explanation of the existence or predominance of the modulation mechanisms, and it also suggested the relevance of other effects, such as the idea based on unbalanced Coriolis force and turbulence/friction effects.
Watershed-Scale Hydrological Modeling Methods and Applications

Pollution of surface water with harmful chemicals and eutrophication of rivers and lakes with excess nutrients are serious environmental concerns. The U.S. Environmental Protec‐ tion Agency (USEPA) estimated that 53% of the 27% assessed rivers and streams miles and 69% of the 45% assessed lakes, ponds, and reservoirs acreage in the nation are impaired (USEPA, 2010). In Mississippi, 57% of the 5% assessed rivers and streams miles are impaired (USEPA, 2010). These impairment estimates may increase when assessments of more water bodies are performed and water quality criteria are improved. The most common water pol‐ lution concerns in U.S. rivers and streams are sediment, nutrients (Phosphorus and Nitro‐ gen) and pathogens. Hydrological processes can significantly impact on the transport of water quality pollutants.
N ° 2008-45 Unemployment as a social norm in Germany

This paper investigates the relationship between the subjective well-being of both the employed and unemployed and regional unemployment rates. While employed men suffer from regional unemployment, unemployed men are significantly less negatively affected. This is consistent with a social-norm effect of unemployment in Germany. We find no evidence of such an offsetting effect for women.
Role of SIRT1 in Chemoresistant Leukemia

Leukemias of the AML, CML, and CLL types are the most common blood cancers worldwide, making them a major global public health problem. Furthermore, less than 24% of patients treated with conventional chemotherapy (low-risk patients) and 10–15% of patients ineligible for conventional chemotherapy (high-risk patients) survive five years. The low levels of survival are mainly due to toxicity and resistance to chemotherapy or other medication, the latter leading to relapse of the disease, which is the main obstacle to the treatment of leukemia. Drug resistance may include different molecular mechanisms, among which epigenetic regulators are involved. Silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) is an epigenetic factor belonging to the sirtuin (SIRT) family known to regulate aspects of chromatin biology, genome stability, and metabolism, both in homeostasis processes and in different diseases, including cancer. The regulatory functions of SIRT1 in different biological processes and molecular pathways are dependent on the type and stage of the neoplasia; thus, it may act as both an oncogenic and tumor suppressor factor and may also participate in drug resistance. In this review, we explore the role of SIRT1 in drug-resistant leukemia and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Variations in coral reef net community calcification and aragonite saturation state on local and global scales

Predicting the response of net community calcification (NCC) to ocean acidification (OA) and declining aragonite saturation state (na) requires a thorough understanding of controls on NCC. The diurnal control of light and net community production (NCP) on NCC confounds the underlying control Of Qa on NCC and must be averaged out in order to predict the general response of NCC to OA. I did this by generating a general NCC-2a correlation based on data from 15 field and mesocosm studies around the globe. The general relationship agrees well with results from mesocosm experiments. This general relationship implies that NCC will transition from net calcification to net dissolution at a Qa of 1.0 ± 0.6 and predicts that NCC will decline by 50% from 1880 to 2100, for a reef of any percent calcifier cover and short reef water residence time. NCC will also decline if percent calcifier cover declines, as evidenced by estimates of NCC in two Caribbean reefs having declined by an estimated 50-90% since 1880. The general NCC-Qa relationship determined here, along with changes in percent calcifier cover, will be useful in predicting changes in NCC in response to OA and for refining models of reef water Qa. Thesis Supervisor: Konrad A. Hughen Title: Associate Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Automatic language identification with sequences of language-independent phoneme clusters

Automatic Language Identification involves analyzing language-specific features in speech to determine the language of an utterance without regard to topic, speaker or length of speech. Although much progress has been made in recent years, language identification systems have not been built on detailed underlying theory or linguistically meaningful design criteria. This thesis is motivated by the belief that features used to discriminate between languages should be linguistically sound; the result is a unique combination of design, theory and implementation. In this thesis a "word-spotting" algorithm is introduced motivated by a perceptual study (82) reporting that human subjects use language-dependent phonemes and short sequences to identify languages. In order to find an optimal set of phoneme-like tokens to represent speech in a linguistically meaningful way, a mathematical model of the discrimination between two languages is developed. This model permits the automatic design of a token representation of speech by selecting a list of discriminating "words" in a data-driven manner. The resulting system has the flexibility to automatically take into account the inherent structure of the Languages to be discriminated. A second mathematical model is developed to measure the impact of inaccurate automatic alignment of tokens on language discrimination. This model indicates why some algorithms aiming to compensate for these inaccuracies have not been successful. The theoretical models and the "word"-spotting algorithm have been implemented and validated on both generated and real-world speech data. This dissertation makes several significant contributions: the design of a simple and linguistically sound language-identification module; a flexible automatic feature extraction algorithm; a mathematical model to estimate the discriminability of two languages; and a mathematical model to capture the impact of inaccurate alignment on the discriminability of two languages.
Three General Double-Series Identities and Associated Reduction Formulas and Fractional Calculus

In this article, we introduce three general double-series identities using Whipple transformations for terminating generalized hypergeometric 4F3 and 5F4 functions. Then, by employing the left-sided Riemann–Liouville fractional integral on these identities, we show the ability to derive additional identities of the same nature successively. These identities are used to derive transformation formulas between the Srivastava–Daoust double hypergeometric function (S–D function) and Kampé de Fériet’s double hypergeometric function (KDF function) with equal arguments. We also demonstrate reduction formulas from the S–D function or KDF function to the generalized hypergeometric function pFq. Additionally, we provide general summation formulas for the pFq and S–D function (or KDF function) with specific arguments. We further highlight the connections between the results presented here and existing identities.
Utilización de la harina de frutos del árbol del pan (Artocarpus altilis), fermentada en estado sólido, en dietas destinadas a cerdos en preceba

Odelin Brea1, A. Ortiz1, A. Elias2, F. Herrera2 y W. Motta3 1Centro de Estudio de Especies Menores, Universidad de Guantanamo, Carretera a Santiago de Cuba, km 2 1⁄2, Guantanamo, Cuba 2 Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Apartado Postal 24, San Jose de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba 3 Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil Correo electronico:odelinbrea@gmail.com, odelinbm@cug.co.cu
Complications in Post-Liver Transplant Patients

Liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of choice for liver failure and selected cases of malignancies. Transplantation activity has increased over the years, and indications for LT have been widened, leading to organ shortage. To face this condition, a high selection of recipients with prioritizing systems and an enlargement of the donor pool were necessary. Several authors published their case series reporting the results obtained with the use of marginal donors, which seem to have progressively improved over the years. The introduction of in situ and ex situ machine perfusion, although still strongly debated, and better knowledge and treatment of the complications may have a role in achieving better results. With longer survival rates, a significant number of patients will suffer from long-term complications. An extensive review of the literature concerning short- and long-term outcomes is reported trying to highlight the most recent findings. The heterogeneity of the behaviors within the different centers is evident, leading to a difficult comparison of the results and making explicit the need to obtain more consent from experts.