Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scheduling of die casting operations including high-mix low-volume and line-type production

This article addresses the scheduling problem of a real die casting shop. The problem is of practical importance and yet complicated, especially for a modern casting environment where a variety of cast products made of different alloys are simultaneously manufactured in relatively small lot sizes. As a simple and robust scheduling methodology, a Linear Programming (LP) model is proposed so as to determine the quantity of each product in a casting shift. The solution of the LP model maximises the average efficiency of melting furnaces, i.e., the percentage use of molten alloys throughout the shifts. Our model can represent a most general casting environment to the extent that some die casting machines carry out frequent in-process die exchanges for flexible manufacturing. At the same time, we employ line-type casting as well as a combination die with multi-cavities which can cast dissimilar shapes concurrently. In the high-mix low-volume manufacturing world, the proposed LP model can assist the die casting industry to strengthen its competence by providing an optimal schedule that satisfies practical constraints on casting processes.
A LARGE FOREFIN OF ICHTHYOSAURUS FROM THE U.K., AND ESTIMATES OF THE SIZE RANGE OF THE GENUS

A large partial forefin (YORYM 2005.2411) from the Lower Jurassic of Yorkshire is assigned to Ichthyosaurus on the basis of the humerus shape, two digits originating from the intermedium, and an anterior digital bifurcation. The humerus is 11.7 cm long and the forefin is 38.5 cm long, but incomplete, probably missing more than 1/3 of its length. Regression analyses suggest that the individual had a jaw length of 56 cm and a total length to the tail bend of almost 3 m. This individual represents the largest Ichthyosaurus reported from the U.K. Although interest in the reptiles of the Yorkshire coast dates back to the early 1800s, specimens of Ichthyosaurus from the area are rare.
Clinical Pharmacology of Rifampin in Infants and Children

Rifampin is a macrocyclic antibiotic important in the treatment of mycobacterial diseases. This antibiotic is bacteriastatic as inhibits the transcription of DNA to RNA by binding to the β-subunit of bacterial RNA-polymerase (rpoB) to form a stable drug-enzyme complex. Rifampin enters bacilli in a concentration depended manner, achieving steady-state concentration within 15 min. This antibiotic inhibits the growth of most gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, and it is used to treat tuberculosis, leprosy, brucellosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium uclerans, Mycobacterium malmoense, and Mycobacterium Haemophilus diseases. Rifampin is an effective and safe antibiotic in infants and children. Two formulations of rifampin are available, one for oral and other one for intravenous administration. In infants, the dose of rifampin is 10 to 20 mg/kg every 24 hours (oral administration) and 5 to 10 mg/kg every 12 hours (intravenous administration). To treat tuberculosis rifampin is co-administered with isoniazid. The fixed dose of rifampin/isoniazid is 60/60 mg per dispersible tablets. Concomitant administration of rifampin and isoniazid induces hepatotoxicity in children. Rifampin has been used to treat staphylococcal, bacterial meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, and Haemophilus infections. The pharmacokinetics of rifampin has been extensively studied in infants and children. Rifampin is extensively metabolized by different cytochromes P-450 and the metabolites are: 25-O-desecetyrifampicin and 3-formylrifamycin SV, 25-O-desecetyrifampicin, is the mean metabolite. Rifampin is a potent inducers of several cytochromes P-450. Rifampin, and its metabolites, are mainly excreted in the bile and eliminated with the faeces. Little is known about the bacterial resistance to rifampin, it is approximately < 20% and is higher in younger than older patients (P-value = 0.003). The aim of this study is to review the published data on rifampin-dosing, effects, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and bacterial-resistance of rifampin in infants and children.
Technological Change and Labour Substitution: Can Firm Characteristics Shelter Workers Against Automation?

A burgeoning literature has emerged examining the potential of technology to automate labour. Much of this work, however, has relied on expert opinions and is ‘de-contextualised’, with little use of data on firms’ actual behaviour. We employ a rich dataset of over 3,800 companies to explore whether certain firm characteristics (firms’ stock of skills, organizational structure, competitive strategies and management’s perception of their workforce) can have a ‘sheltering effect’ on jobs when technology is introduced in the workplace. The results suggest, first, that technology-related changes in work processes are leading to the destruction of jobs at the firm level -to a greater extent than non-technology related changes in work processes. Second, our results challenge skills biased technological change and skills biased organizational change theories, which argue that firms with a large proportion of high-skilled workers and flexible work organization are less prone to technology related labour substitution. By contrast, the results point to the importance of the competitive strategies of firms and management perceptions of workforce competence and commitment, as organisational characteristics that shelter workers against technological replacement. The role of management perceptions, in particular, points us to the relevance of social relations, and not only economic calculations or the limits of technological possibilities, in the analysis of the future of work.
The finite element method for elliptic problems

From the Publisher: This book is particularly useful to graduate students, researchers, and engineers using finite element methods. The reader should have knowledge of analysis and functional analysis, particularly Hilbert spaces, Sobolev spaces, and differential calculus in normed vector spaces. Other than these basics, the book is mathematically self-contained. About the Author Philippe G. Ciarlet is a Professor at the Laboratoire d'Analyse Numerique at the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris. He is also a member of the French Academy of Sciences. He is the author of more than a dozen books on a variety of topics and is a frequent invited lecturer at meetings and universities throughout the world. Professor Ciarlet has served approximately 75 visiting professorships since 1973, and he is a member of the editorial boards of more than 20 journals.
Power quality assessment via wavelet transform analysis

In this paper we present a new approach to detect, localize, and investigate the feasibility of classifying various types of power quality disturbances. The approach is based on wavelet transform analysis, particularly the dyadic-orthonormal wavelet transform. The key idea underlying the approach is to decompose a given disturbance signal into other signals which represent a smoothed version and a detailed version of the original signal. The decomposition is performed using multiresolution signal decomposition techniques. We demonstrate and test our proposed technique to detect and localize disturbances with actual power line disturbances. In order to enhance the detection outcomes, we utilize the squared wavelet transform coefficients of the analyzed power line signal. Based on the results of the detection and localization, we carry out an initial investigation of the ability to uniquely characterize various types of power quality disturbances. This investigation is based on characterizing the uniqueness of the squared wavelet transform coefficients for each power quality disturbance.
Development of a Simple Closed-Loop Type Algorithm for Determination of Variable Blank Holder Force Trajectory and Its Applications to Square Cup Deep Drawing

In deep drawing, a low blank holder force (BHF) can cause wrinkling, while a high BHF can lead to tearing. In this study, a variable blank holder force (VBHF) approach to deep drawing is employed, and a simple closed-loop type algorithm is developed for the VBHF trajectory. The proposed algorithm is divided into two phases. The objective of the first phase is to check wrinkling and tearing. In this phase, a low BHF is used as the initial BHF, which is then increased to prevent wrinkling while controlling tearing. This phase of the algorithm is terminated when tearing occurs. In numerical simulation, the distance between the die and the blank holder is used to measure wrinkling, and the minimum thickness of the blank is used to determine the tearing. In the second phase of the algorithm, the deviations in thickness of the part are iteratively examined, without neglecting the occurrence of wrinkling. One of the advantages of using VBHF instead of constant BHF is that it reduces the forming energy. The validity of the proposed algorithm is examined comparing numerical simulation and experimental results. Finally, the proposed algorithm is also applied to obtain the segmented VBHF trajectory.
State-of-the-Art Multilingual NER Using Loosely Aligned Text Whitepaper Stanford University, 2012

We present a new approach to named entity recognition that uses only loosely aligned text for input, but can consistently out-perform state-of-the-art supervised approaches by more than 10%, despite the absence of labeled training data. The system generates seed candidates through local edit distance deviation across language pairs, and then boot-straps to make broad predictions, optimizing joint contextual, word-shape, subword and alignment models. Results from English, Finnish, French, German, Lithua-nian and Slovene show that the method is robust across a variety of Latin-script languages, making it especially promising for a large number of languages that do not have labeled training data for named entity recognition but do have collections of loosely aligned sentences.
Growth and production evaluation of corn varieties and genotypes grow from seed with different storage ages

Quality seeds are one of the important elements in maintaining plant potential. One of the factors that can affect the growth potential and production of corn for each variety or genotype is the storage ages of the seeds. The purpose of this study was to obtain varieties or genotypes of corn that have the ability to grow and produce optimally from seeds that have been stored for one and six months. The research was conducted from August to December 2020 at the Cereal Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The seeds used were Variety of Srikandi Putih, Waxy Corn and Genotype of BC2F1. This study was designed using a randomized block design (RBD) with a two-factor. The first factor is the type of variety/genotype (V) consisting of Srikandi Putih (V1), Waxy Corn (V2) and Genotype of BC2F1 (V3). The second factor is seed storage ages (U) consisting of: 1 month (U1) and 6 months (U2). From these two factors, 6 treatment combinations were obtained which were repeated three times to obtain 18 experimental units. The data were analyzed with the SAS 9 for windows program. The results showed that the seed storage ages of 1 month could maintain the potential for plant height growth, and the weight of 100 seeds in the Variety of Srikandi Putih, Waxy Corn and Genotypes of BC2F1. Seed storage ages of 1 and 6 months did not affect the number of leaves and flowering time, but only 1 month of seed storage ages that could maintain the potential for seed production in Variety of Srikandi Putih, Waxy Corn and Genotypes of BC2F1.
Error and Bias in Determining Exposure Potential of Children at School Locations Using Proximity-Based GIS Techniques

Background The widespread availability of powerful tools in commercial geographic information system (GIS) software has made address geocoding a widely employed technique in spatial epidemiologic studies. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the positional error in geocoding on the analysis of exposure to traffic-related air pollution of children at school locations. Methods For a case study of Orange County, Florida, we determined the positional error of geocoding of school locations through comparisons with a parcel database and digital orthophotography. We used four different geocoding techniques for comparison to establish the repeatability of geocoding, and an analysis of proximity to major roads to determine bias and error in environmental exposure assessment. Results Results indicate that the positional error in geocoding of schools is very substantial: We found that the 95% root mean square error was 196 m using street centerlines, 306 m using TIGER roads, and 210 and 235 m for two commercial geocoding firms. We found bias and error in proximity analysis to major roads to be unacceptably large at distances of < 500 m. Bias and error are introduced by lack of positional accuracy and lack of repeatability of geocoding of school locations. Conclusions These results suggest that typical geocoding is insufficient for fine-scale analysis of school locations and more accurate alternatives need to be considered.
20SSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHISMS IN PROLACTIN RECEPTOR AND MELATONIN RECEPTOR 1C GENES ON EGG PRODUCTION AND EGG QUALITY TRAITS OF JAPANESE QUAILS (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA)

In the present study, the association between a 24-bp Insertion-Deletion (Indel) in the prolactin receptor gene (PRL), and the polymorphic site NC_006091. 5: c.25. 144.C>A(T) in the melatonin receptor gene (MTNR-1C) was investigated in Japanese laying quails. In total, 396 female and 132 male quails were selected for the experiment. The number of eggs was recorded daily in individual quails for egg production and other reproductive traits. Every four weeks, one egg per quail was randomly selected for external and internal assessment. PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP were applied for genotyping the Indel, and the single nucleotide polymorphism in PRL and MTNR-1C genes, respectively. The data was continuously collected until 48 weeks of laying. For the effects of PRL Indel, it was found that DD genotyped quails provided a slightly higher egg yield in the first 24 laying weeks (155.1 eggs/quail); however, when the quails reached 36 and 48 weeks of laying, the difference in egg production was clear (P<0.05) in quails with II genotype (213.0 and 281.9 eggs/quail, respectively). In the MTNR-1C gene, six genotypes were detected at the polymorphic site, of which AA and AT genotyped quails were better for egg yield in comparison with those baring other genotypes. For egg quality, only albumen weight and albumen ratio differed from quails with II genotype to those of other quails in the 1-24 laying weeks. In the later period (25-48 weeks), yolk index was the highest in quails baring DD genotype. For the MTNR-1C polymorphism, the differences (P<0.05) were found in traits related to albumen and yolk; however, no genotype really stands out in terms of egg quality. In conclusion, the two polymorphisms studied may be utilized in breeding programs to enhance egg yield and egg quality traits in Japanese quails of which the PRL (II) and MTNR-1C (AA) alleles are
Yield potential of soybean under palm oil trees

Research to assess soybean yields planted under palm oil trees was conducted in North Sumatera, Indonesia. This research aimed to provide information on soybean varieties that were most suitable for planting under palm trees. Two experiments were conducted in the palm tree areas i.e. under one-year-old (IP 1) and two years old (IP 2) of the palm tree. In each site, the experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with two replications. The main plot was spacing row arrangements, i.e. double-spacing (50 cm x (30 cm x 20 cm) and single-spacing (40 cm x 15 cm), whereas the subplot was soybean varieties consisted of Dega 1, Dena 1, Argomulyo, and Anjasmoro. Research results showed that the average seed yield obtained in IP 1 was higher than IP 2, and soybean planted in a single-spacing produced higher seed yield compared to double-spacing. Argomulyo variety was superior in IP 1 with a seed yield of 3.66 t/ha and Dena 1 was the most superior in IP 2 with a seed yield 2.17 t/ha, both in single-planting arrangements.
Increasing productivity of mungbean (vigna radiata (l.) Wilczek) under subsistence farming in Eastern Indonesia

Mungbean is one of the major food legume and cash crops grown and consumed by small holder farmers under rain-fed conditions in Eastern Indonesia. However, the mungbean productivity has been low, less than 1 ton ha−1 due to a number of reasons including poor awareness about new varieties and skills of crop management. Two trials: varietal trial and management practices were conducted at Malaka District, East Nusa Tenggara during wet season 2008. The varietal trial in six sites resulted in identification of Sriti, Murai, Betet, and Vima 1 varieties had high productivity (1.1-1.5 t ha−1) with single harvest, shorter maturity, compared to the local varieties which were characterized by lower productivity (1.0-1.1 t ha−1), multiple harvests and longer maturity. The management practices found that selected varieties in combination with improved technology gave doubled seed yields compared to the yields when grown using local technology. These activities showed a reliable pathway to increase productivity of mungbean at small holder levels. The varietal and agronomic management trials demonstrated the impact of the technologies on mungbean productivity at small holder levels and identified future needs to sustain food productivity in remote regions on Eastern Indonesia.
Off-label drug database

Background: Many drugs are still being prescribed in a "off-label mode" and especially in psychiatry. Off-label prescription situations may vary depending on several factors and such practice is not well identifiable in the literature. Methods: A new public academic drug database has been recently created and is able to contain off-label indications, especially in psychiatry in the context of the PSYHAMM French research project. For each situation, bibliographic references have been collected to make the scientific information available to all. Results: this new off-label drug database contains more than 18,154 lines. It is freely available at https://www.hetop. eu/hetop/medicaments. Several off-label usages have been formally described and the system is extensible to all drugs and all specialties. Conclusion: An off-label drug database can be a valuable tool for health professionals and students.
The presence of bacterial stalk rot disease on corn in Indonesia: A review

Bacterial stalk rot disease in corn results in a significant reduction in yield due to the interruption of the flow of nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant. Pathogenic bacteria infect the inner tissue of the stalk until it rots. This disease has been reported to attack corn crops in Asia and Europe such as India, Korea, Thailand, Philippines, Nepal, Mexico, Serbia, and China. In Indonesia, this disease was first reported to attack corn in the West Sulawesi region by the Mamuju Class II Quarantine Station. The results of molecular identification indicated that this disease is caused by the bacterium Dickeya zeae, previously known as Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae that previously reported attacked pineapple and aloe vera in Indonesia. The potential for economic losses due to this disease is quite high, so appropriate and efficient control measures are needed. Based on those, this research study about the symptom, the characteristic of the bacteria agent caused the stalk rot disease, the distribution and the impact to the maize production in Indonesia.
The bright side of manufacturing–remanufacturing conflict in a decentralised closed-loop supply chain

Researchers and managers broadly agree that original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), which have opportunities to produce both new and remanufactured products, are better off by centrally controlling their manufacturing and remanufacturing activities. Thus, OEMs should not remanufacture used products until the remanufacturing cost is sufficiently low to overcome the negative impact of new product cannibalisation. In this paper, we present a contrasting view of the manufacturing–remanufacturing conflict: OEMs sometimes benefit from the decentralised control mode under which they ignore the internal cannibalisation rather than the remanufacturing option. We consider a decentralised closed-loop supply chain in which one OEM can purchase new components from one supplier to produce new products and collect used products from consumers to produce remanufactured products. The key feature of our model is that the OEM can select a centralised or decentralised control mode to manage its manufacturing and remanufacturing activities before the supplier prices the new component. In a steady state period setting, we analyse the players’ optimal decisions and compare the OEM's profits under centralised and decentralised control modes. Our analytic results reveal that the decentralised control within the OEM can outperform the centralised control when the cost structure of producing new and remanufactured products satisfies certain conditions. Finally, the key findings are distilled in a conceptual framework and its managerial implications are discussed.
Mechanical Energy Deposition in Cool Star Atmospheres: Resonant Coupling to Coronal Loops in M Dwarfs

The efficiency of coronal heating ε(cor) in a star can be quantified by L X/L bol, i.e., the ratio of X-ray luminosity to bolometric luminosity. The efficiency of chromospheric heating in the same star ε(chr) is typically assumed to be proportional to L(Hα)/L bol or L(Ca K)/L bol where the lines Hα and Ca K are often the two strongest emission lines in the visible spectrum: the constant of proportionality (η = ε(chr)/[L(Hα)/L bol] > 1) includes contributions from many other lines emitted by the chromosphere. In the case of the quiet Sun, it has been known for decades that, in the Sun, the efficiency of chromospheric heating is larger by a factor of ε(chr)/ε(cor) > 10 than the efficiency of coronal heating. Over the intervening years, data pertaining to ε(cor) and ε(chr) have been estimated for an increasingly large sample of main-sequence stars with spectral types later than the Sun. These data suggest that among M dwarfs, the efficiency ratio ε(chr)/ε(cor) may in some stars become smaller than in the solar case. The effect of this is such that the value of ε(cor) may become comparable to the value of ε(chr). Here, we seek to understand why coronal heating may be >10 times more efficient (relative to chromospheric heating) in certain M dwarfs than in the Sun. Using data on coronal loop properties in flaring stars, we examine the hypothesis that in M dwarfs, the enhanced efficiency of coronal heating may be related to resonant coupling between coronal loops and the source of mechanical energy in the convection zone.
Spread Too Thin: The Effects of Teacher Specialization on Student Achievement

Although the majority of elementary school teachers are in self-contained classrooms and teach all major subjects, a growing number of teachers specialize in teaching fewer subjects to higher numbers of students. We use administrative data from Indiana to estimate the effect of teacher specialization on teacher and school effectiveness in elementary schools. We find that teacher specialization leads to lower teaching effectiveness in math and reading, and the negative effects are larger when teaching students who are more likely to experience difficulties in school. Moreover, we find no evidence that increasing the proportion of teacher specialists at the school level generates improvements in indicators of school quality.