Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Camouflaged Deconvolution with Application to Blood Curve Modeling in FDG PET Studies

Abstract Camouflaged deconvolution arises when the kernel in a simple convolution model is not completely specified. We consider a situation in which the same fixed signal is repeatedly measured by separate convolutions with imprecisely known kernels. We develop a regularization methodology for application to these problems. The method involves simultaneous estimation of the target signal and the unknown parameters of the convolution kernels. Cross-validation is used to determine the degree of smoothness of the solution. We use simulation studies matched to the application to evaluate statistical performance. These simulations find that the convergence of the regularization estimator is largely unaffected by the lack of information about the convolution kernels. We illustrate the methodology by application to a blood curve modeling problem arising in the context of positron emission tomography (PET) studies with flurodeoxyglucose (FDG), a commonly used glucose tracer. The results show promise towards the .
The Utilization of a Coupled Electro-Thermal-Mechanical Model of High-Voltage Electric Pulse on Rock Fracture

Our research proposes a unique coupled electro-thermal-mechanical model that takes electric breakdown and heterogeneity into account to show the mechanism of rock fracturing under high-voltage electropulses. Using finite element numerical software, the process of high voltage electrical pulse injection into the rock interior for breakdown is described, and the formation law of plasma channels during the electrical breakdown process is comprehensively analyzed in conjunction with the conductor particles present within the rock. On the basis of electrical, thermal, and mechanical theories, a coupled multi-physical field numerical model of rock failure under the action of high-voltage electrical pulses is developed, and a random distribution model is utilized to simulate the potential occurrence of conductor particles in the rock. Innovative numerical model indicates plasma channel creation in the rock-crushing process. Prior to the formation of the plasma channel, the temperature and stress are approximately 103 k and 10−2 MPa, respectively. Once the plasma channel is formed, the temperature and stress increase abruptly in a short time, with the temperature reaching 104 k and the stress reaching 103 MPa or higher. In addition, it is revealed that the breakdown field strength is the essential factor in plasma channel creation. The heterogeneity of the particles within the rock and the fluctuation in electrode settings are also significant variables influencing the creation of channels. The presented model contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism of rock fragmentation during high-voltage electrical pulses, which has substantial implications for oil exploration and mineral extraction.
Effect of the Dislocation Substructure Parameters of Hadfield Steel on Its Strain Hardening

This article presents a study of changes in the microstructure of Hadfield steel depending on the tensile deformation and cold rolling with the strain/stress level. It has been established that the change in the “σ-ε” curve (at ε = 5%) is accompanied by a 1.5-times decrease in the strain-hardening coefficient. At ε = 0 to 5%, the structure contains dislocation loops, the interweaving of elongated dislocations, single-layer stacking faults. At ε = 5%, the structure contains multilayer stacking faults and mechanical microtwins. At ε > 5%, there is an intense microtwinning with no long dislocations and stacking faults. The most intense twinning develops in the range of deformation degrees of 5–20%, while the number of twins in the pack increases from 3–4 at ε = 10% to 6–8 at ε = 20%. When mechanical twinning is included, a cellular dislocation substructure begins to develop intensively. The cell size decreases from 700 nm at ε = 5% to 150 nm at ε = 40%. Twinning develops predominantly in systems with the largest Schmid factor and facilitates the dislocation glide. The results may be of interest to the researchers of the deformation processes of austenitic alloys.
Dual-task decrements in mono-, bi- and multilingual participants: Evidence for multilingual advantage

ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that language processing in bilinguals is less left-lateralized than in monolinguals. We explored dual-task decrement (DTD) for mono-, bi- and multilinguals in a verbal-motor dual-task paradigm. We expected monolinguals to show greater DTD than bilingual participants, who would show greater DTD than multilingual participants. Fifty right-handed participants (18 monolingual, 16 bilingual, 16 multilingual) completed verbal fluency and manual motor tasks in isolation and concurrently. Tasks were completed twice in isolation (left-handed, right-handed) and twice as dual-tasks (left-handed, right-handed); participants’ motor-executing hands served proxy for hemispheric activation. Results supported the hypotheses. Completing dual-tasks incurred greater cost for manual motor tasks than for verbal fluency tasks. Negative cost of performing dual-tasks diminished as number of languages spoken increased; in fact, multilingual individuals demonstrated a dual-task advantage in both tasks when using the right hand, strongest in the verbal task. Dual-tasking had the greatest negative impact on verbal fluency of monolingual participants when the motor task was completed with the right hand; for bi- and multi-lingual participants, the greatest negative impact on verbal fluency was seen when the motor task was completed with the left hand. Results provide support for the bi-lateralization of language function in bi- and multilingual individuals.
The X-Ray Spectrum of the Supernova Remnant 1E 0102-72.3

In this letter we present the soft X-ray (5-35 A) spectrum of the supernova remnant (SNR) 1E 0102.2-7219 in the Small Magellanic Cloud, acquired by the reflection grating spectrometers (RGS) aboard ESA's XMM-Newton Observatory . Because the RGS features a large dispersion angle, spatial-spectral confusion is suppressed even for moderately extended ($\Delta\theta \sim 2\arcmin$) sources. Consequently, these data, along with the spectrum of N132d (Behar et al. [CITE]), provide what are probably the most detailed soft X-ray spectrum of entire SNRs. The diagnostic power of performing spectroscopy using groups of emission lines from single ions is demonstrated. In particular, the bright Lyman and helium series lines for light elements (Cvi, Ovii, Oviii, Neix & Nex) show peculiar ratios, where the values ${\left[1s-np\right]/\left[1s-(n+1)p\right]}$ are systematically weaker than expected for electron impact excitation close to ionization equilibrium, indicating nonequilibrium ionizing (NEI) conditions in the source. The well known temperature diagnostics ${G}\left(T_{\rm e}\right)=(i+f)/r$ of helium-like triplets (Ovii & Neix) confirm this suggestion, with values that are inconsistent with ionization equilibrium. The temperatures implied are well above the maximum emission temperature $T_\mathrm{m}$ for each ion, and consistent with a purely ionizing plasma. The density diagnostics ${R}(n_\mathrm{e})=f/i$ meanwhile, are consistent with the low density limit, as expected.
Comparison of vision-based algorithms for hiding defective sub-pixels

The potential use of vision-based algorithms for hiding defective display pixels is quite appealing. Two prior approaches utilized either the point spread function (PSF) or contrast sensitivity functions to represent effects of the human visual system. A third approach proposed in this paper includes a simple model of human visual masking characteristics to improve theoretical defect hiding effectiveness. A visual experiment indicated all three methods provided significant improvement over uncompensated sub-pixel defects across all color patches and images tested. The masking-based method and an empirically optimized PSF method were more effective due to the masking-type patterns generated. Hiding effectiveness was linearly related to the inverse of the lightness error generated by a defect. For moderate lightness errors, both the PSF and masking-based methods completely hid the sub-pixel defects, with decreasing effectiveness for larger lightness errors. Similar results were found for images and corresponding color patches, though some dependency on the image content was observed for two of the five images. With the addition of a simple visual masking effects model, the iCAM Image Difference Model was found to predict the general performance trends of the three methods with reasonable accuracy.
Efficacy of 1-Year Cavacurmin® Therapy in Reducing Prostate Growth in Men Suffering from Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

We aim to assess the effect of Cavacurmin® on prostate volume (PV), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and micturition parameters in men after 1 year of therapy. From September 2020 to October 2021, data from 20 men with LUTS/benign prostatic hyperplasia and PV ≥40 mL who were on therapy with α1-adrenoceptor antagonists plus Cavacurmin® were retrospectively compared with 20 men on only α1-adrenoceptor antagonists. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after 1 year using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), maximum urinary flow (Qmax) and PV. A Mann–Whitney U-test and Chi-square were used to assess the difference between the two groups. A comparison of paired data was performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. There was no statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. At the 1-year follow-up, PV [55.0 (15.0) vs. 62.5 (18.0) mL, p = 0.04)], PSA [2.5 (1.5) ng/mL vs. 3.05 (2.7) vs. p = 0.009] and IPSS [13.5 (3.75) vs. 18 (9.25) p = 0.009] were significantly lower in the Cavacurmin® group. Qmax was significantly higher in the Cavacurmin® group [15.85 (2.9) vs. 14.5 (4.2), p = 0.022]. PV was reduced to 2 (5.75) mL in the Cavacurmin® group from baseline, while it increased to 12 (6.75) mL in the α1-adrenoceptor antagonists group (p < 0.001). PSA decreased in the Cavacurmin® group [−0.45 (0.55) ng/mL], whereas it increased in the α1-adrenoceptor antagonists group [0.5 (0.30) ng/mL, p < 0.001]. In conclusion, one-year Cavacurmin® therapy was able to block prostate growth with a concomitant decrease in PSA value from baseline. The association of Cavacurmin® with α1-adrenoceptor antagonists had a more beneficial effect compared to patients on α1-adrenoceptor antagonists alone but this needs further larger studies to be confirmed, particularly in the long-term.
Binding of 125 I-Gamma Interferon to Cultured Human Keratinocytes

G amma interferon (IFN-y) , a product o f activated ly mphocytes, influences keratinocyte proliferation and differentiatio n . R ecombinant gamma interferon (r-IFN-y) w as radioiodinated using the Bolto n-Hunter reagent and retained 90% o f its biologic activity as d etermined b y induction of HLA-DR expression. The biochemical ligandbinding pro perties of iodinated IFN-y to cultured human keratinocytes revealed a plateau of binding at 150 m in at 4°C, and a single class of specific hig h affll1ity recepto rs
Emission-line studies of young stars. II: The Herbig Ae/Be stars

Optical emission-line data are presented for a sample of 32 Herbig Ae/Be stars. Many of the Herbig stars have line spectra similar to the «classical» (strong Hα) T Tauri stars. The Herbig stars with the most T Tauri-like characteristics are the ones that also have direct evidence for outflow in their spectra, e.g., P Cygni profiles or broad or blueshifted forbidden lines. Among the similarities derived from the Ca II triplet lines are space densities of ≥10 11 cm -3 , column densities of N H ≥10 21 cm -2 , and optically thick emitting areas that can be several times larger than the stars
Two-dimensional position recovery for a free-ranging automated guided vehicle

An absolute position recovery method for an automated guided vehicle (AGV) which can move in any direction (free-ranging) on the floor using vision is introduced. The floor is permanently encoded with the terms of a pseudorandom binary array requiring only one bit of code per quantization interval, independent of the desired resolution. >
Strong Spin–Orbit Interactions in an InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs Two-Dimensional Electron Gas by Weak Antilocalization Analysis

Spin–orbit interactions in a two-dimensional electron gas were studied in an InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well. Since weak antilocalization effects take place far beyond the diffusive regime, (i.e., the ratio of the characteristic magnetic field, at which the magnetoresistance correction maximum occurs, to the transport magnetic field is more than ten) the experimental data are examined by the Golub theory, which is applicable to both diffusive regime and ballistic regime. Satisfactory fitting lines to the experimental data have been achieved using the Golub theory. In the strong spin–orbit interaction two-dimensional electron gas system, the large spin splitting energy of 6.08 meV is observed mainly due to the high electron concentration in the quantum well. The temperature dependence of the phase-breaking rate is qualitatively in agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Intrathecal midazolam is a comparable alternative to fentanyl and nalbuphine as adjuvant to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for elective Cesarean Section; a randomized controlled double-blind trial

Background: Different adjuvants have been introduced to enhance the quality of local anesthetics and reduce its adverse events. This study was directed to compare the anesthetic and analgesic properties of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine when three different adjuvant drugs were added. Methodology: One hundred full-term parturients aged 18 to 40 years, scheduled for elective cesarean section, were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Each group received 12.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with either 0.5 ml saline (Group-B), 25µg fentanyl (Group-F), 0.8 mg nalbuphine (Group-N) or 2 mg midazolam (Group-M). The outcomes included the postoperative effective analgesia time, the sensorimotor characteristics, postoperative VAS score, pethidine consumption, maternal complications, and neonatal Apgar score. Results: Earlier onset of sensory and motor block was observed in Group F and N than in Group B and M. Duration of postoperative effective analgesia was longer in Groups F, N and M (252.42 ± 46.11, 227.34 ± 36.54 and 243.71 ± 44.95 hours, respectively) than in Group B (172.11 ± 20.99) (P < 0.001). VAS scores decreased in adjuvant groups during the first 12 hours postoperative and required pethidine doses were less. Conclusion: Addition of adjuvant agents to intrathecal bupivacaine improved the quality of subarachnoid block without increasing side-effects. Intrathecal midazolam provided comparable outcomes as the frequently used opioids. Abbreviations: CS: Cesarean section; LA: Local anesthetics; SA: Spinal anesthesia Key words: Intrathecal; Nalbuphine; Midazolam; Fentanyl; Postoperative analgesia; Cesarean section. Citation: Amin SR, Souidan I, Abdelzaam EM. Intrathecal midazolam is a comparable alternative to fentanyl and nalbuphine as adjuvant to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section: a randomized controlled double-blind trial. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;27(1):89−96; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i1. 1923 Received: June 26, 2022; Reviewed: November 28, 2022; Accepted: December 14, 2022
Crossflow past a prolate spheroid at Reynolds number of 10000

The flow field around a 6:1 prolate spheroid has been investigated by means of direct numerical simulations. Contrary to earlier studies the major axis of the spheroid was oriented perpendicular to the oncoming flow. At the subcritical Reynolds number 10 000 the laminar boundary layer separated from the frontal side of the spheroid and formed an elliptical vortex sheet. The detached shear layer was unstable from its very inception and even the near-wake turned out to be turbulent. The Strouhal number associated with the large-scale shedding was 0.156, significantly below that of the wake of a sphere. A higher-frequency mode was associated with Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities in the detached shear layer. The shape of the near-wake mirrored the shape of the spheroid. Some 10 minor diameters downstream, the major axis of the wake became aligned with the minor axis of the spheroid.
Utility of Doppler-Ultrasound and Liver Elastography in the Evaluation of Patients with Suspected Pregnancy-Related Liver Disease

Grayscale abdomen ultrasound (US) is routinely performed in pregnant women with suspected pregnancy-related liver dysfunction, but its diagnostic yield is very low. We aimed to investigate the association between Doppler-US findings, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and different causes of pregnancy-related liver dysfunction. This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant women referred to our tertiary center for any suspected gastrointestinal disease between 2017 and 2019 and undergoing Doppler-US and liver elastography. Patients with previous liver disease were excluded from the analysis. For group comparisons of categorical and continuous variables, the chi-square test or Mann–Whitney test, and the McNemar test were used, as appropriate. A total of 112 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 41 (36.6%) presented with suspected liver disease: 23 intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), six with gestational hypertensive disorders and 12 cases with undetermined causes of elevated liver enzymes. Values of LSM were higher and significantly associated with a diagnosis of gestational hypertensive disorder (AUROC = 0.815). No significant differences at Doppler-US or LSM were found between ICP patients and controls. Patients with undetermined causes of hypertransaminasemia showed higher hepatic and splenic resistive indexes than controls, suggesting splanchnic congestion. The evaluation of Doppler-US and liver elastography is clinically useful in patients with suspected liver dysfunction during pregnancy. Liver stiffness represents a promising non-invasive tool for the assessment of patients with gestational hypertensive disorders.
Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Quadrupolar Bithiophenes and Cyclopentadithiophenes as Fluorescent Oxygen Photosensitizers

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of two quadrupolar bithiophenes and two quadrupolar cyclopentadithiophenes have been investigated. At the 5,5′ positions of the central bi/dithiophene units, the molecules possess 1,4-phenylalkynyl groups that bear either electron-donating (NPh2) or electron-withdrawing (SO2CF3) groups. The optical properties were experimentally studied and modelled via quantum chemistry computations of key configurations and conformations. All the compounds show good light harvesting efficiency due to their strong absorption in the visible range. These fluorescent compounds are also good two-photon absorbers in the NIR range that can photosensitize oxygen in toluene. DFT calculations reveal that the mixtures of conformers in a solution show similar linear optical properties. TD-DFT calculations reproduce the experimental spectroscopic data fairly well, including vibronic couplings in the fluorescence spectra. The lowest excited state for two-photon absorption corresponds to the S2 state. The roles of the SO2CF3 and NPh2 terminal groups on the nonlinear response were analyzed for possible bio-oriented applications, with the cyclopentadithiophenes showing the most promising figures of merit.
A new design of delay‐dependent robust ℋ︁∞ filtering for continuous‐time polytopic systems with time‐varying delay

This paper revisits the problem of delay‐dependent robust ℋ∞ filtering design for a class of continuous‐time polytopic linear systems with a time‐varying state delay. Based on a newly developed parameter‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional combined with Projection Lemma and an improved free‐weighting matrix technique for delay‐dependent criteria, a new sufficient condition for robust ℋ∞ performance analysis is first derived and then the filter synthesis is developed by using a simple matrix inequality linearization technique. It is shown that the desired filters can be constructed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two simulation examples are given to show the effectiveness and less conservatism of the proposed method in comparison with the existing approaches. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparisons of a Standard Galaxy Model With Stellar Observations in Five Fields

Modern data on the distribution of stellar colors and on the number of stars as a function of apparent magnitude in five directions in the Galaxy are analyzed. It is found that the standard model is consistent with all the available data. Detailed comparisons with the data for five separate fields are presented. The bright end of the spheroid luminosity function and the blue tip of the spheroid horizontal branch are analyzed. The allowed range of the disk scale heights and of fluctuations in the volume density is determined, and a lower limit is set on the disk scale length. Calculations based on the thick disk model of Gilmore and Reid (1983) are presented.
Decreased Levels of Chaperones in Mucopolysaccharidoses and Their Elevation as a Putative Auxiliary Therapeutic Approach

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic disorders belonging to the lysosomal storage diseases. They are caused by mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes responsible for degrading glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). As a result, GAGs accumulate in lysosomes, leading to impairment of cells, organs and, consequently, the entire body. Many of the therapies proposed thus far require the participation of chaperone proteins, regardless of whether they are therapies in common use (enzyme replacement therapy) or remain in the experimental phase (gene therapy, STOP-codon-readthrough therapy). Chaperones, which include heat shock proteins, are responsible for the correct folding of other proteins to the most energetically favorable conformation. Without their appropriate levels and activities, the correct folding of the lysosomal enzyme, whether supplied from outside or synthesized in the cell, would be impossible. However, the baseline level of nonspecific chaperone proteins in MPS has never been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to determine the basal levels of nonspecific chaperone proteins of the Hsp family in MPS cells and to study the effect of normalizing GAG concentrations on these levels. Results of experiments with fibroblasts taken from patients with MPS types I, II, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, IID, IVA, IVB, VI, VII, and IX, as well as from the brains of MPS I mice (Idua−/−), indicated significantly reduced levels of the two chaperones, Hsp70 and Hsp40. Interestingly, the reduction in GAG levels in the aforementioned cells did not lead to normalization of the levels of these chaperones but caused only a slight increase in the levels of Hsp40. An additional transcriptomic analysis of MPS cells indicated that the expression of other genes involved in protein folding processes and the cell response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting from the appearance of abnormally folded proteins, was also modulated. To summarize, reduced levels of chaperones may be an additional cause of the low activity or inactivity of lysosomal enzymes in MPS. Moreover, this may point to causes of treatment failure where the correct structure of the enzyme supplied or synthesized in the cell is crucial to lower GAG levels.