Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The coupling of a submarine slide and the surface waves which it generates

Underwater landslides are a common source of small-scale tsunamis in coastal areas. They have been the object of only a few theoretical and experimental studies. A numerical model is developed to study the coupling of a submarine landslide and the surface waves which it generates. A formulation of the dynamics of the problem is presented, where the landslide is treated as the laminar flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the water motion is assumed irrotational. Long-wave approximation is adopted for both water waves and the mudslide. The resulting differential equations are solved by a finite-difference method. We present the numerical results which contrast the behavior of the mud flow under a fixed surface, in the presence of one-way coupling (bottom deformations affect the free surface), and with full coupling (surface pressure gradients react on the mud flow). It is found that three main waves are generated by a landslide starting from rest on a gentle uniform slope. The first wave is a crest which propagates away from the mudslide site into deeper water; this crest is followed by a trough in the form of a forced wave which propagates with the speed of the mudslide front. The third wave is a relatively small trough which propagates shoreward. Two major parameters dominate the interaction between the slide and the waves it produces: the density of sliding material and the depth of water at the mudslide site. The two-way interactions are significant for the cases of a smaller mud density and shallower waters. For the cases of larger mud density and shallower waters, the two-way interactions are small, but the waves generated are very large. For larger initiation depth of the mudslide, the interactions are weak and the waves generated are small. We also examined the possibility of a resonance between the slide and the waves. Our numerical results indicate that a resonance is not expected in many practical cases.
KNOWLEDGE TO INCREASE NURSING WORK PERFORMANCE INPATIENT CARE: EMPIRICAL STUDY AT RSUD TAMANSARI

The hospital has the role of providing a holistic health care services. Nursing personnel makes up the largest proportion, which are almost 50% of all hospital human resources. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect analysis of motivation, workload and knowledge on the performance of nursing staff at RSUD Tamansari inpatient care. The method used in this study is cross sectional in the form of quantitative causality. Data collection used a survey method by taking questionnaires from 41 nurses in the inpatient unit of RSUD Tamansari. The sampling technique used in this study is total sampling. The analysis between variables using multiple linear regression test. The results showed that motivation and knowledge variables had a significant value of <0.05, while the workload variable had a significant value of >0.05. The research findings show that the dominant knowledge variable influences the performance of nursing staff inpatient care at RSUD Tamansari. The conclusion in this study is that motivation and knowledge have a direct and significant effect on the performance of nursing staff at inpatient care at RSUD Tamansari and workload does not have a direct and significant effect on the performance of nursing staff at inpatient care at RSUD Tamansari. One of the managerial implications is that hospital management and training units need to improve the education and training system as a priority.
Reflections on Smart Antennas for MAC Protocols in Multihop Ad Hoc Networks

Smart and directional antennas can be used to improve the throughput performance of wireless communications in ad hoc networks. This improvement consists basically of minimizing collision and increasing simultaneous communications. Directional antennas reduces potential collision zone since data packets are directionally transmitted. Smart antennas are more intelligent than directional antennas since they can dynamically point pattern nulls in the direction of interfering stations. In this paper, we consider the link capacity achieved by a set of portable stations sharing the same medium and equipped with smart antennas. We present an overview of related work based on directional and smart antenna use to improve signal reception. We introduce and discuss the problem concerned with smart antenna use for transmission based on CSMA MAC protocols. This problem consists principally of beam selection and handoff. A CSMA MAC protocol within a station equipped with a smart antenna, has to interact with the physical layer to manage beam use. Our discussion, taking into account hidden node and exposed node problems, is motivated by underlying overhead, symmetry assumption and beacon use.
Burned area mapping using logistic regression modeling of a single post-fire Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image

Logistic regression modeling was applied, as an alternative classification procedure, to a single post-fire Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image for burned land mapping. The nature of the classification problem in this case allowed the structure and application of logistic regression models, since the dependent variable could be expressed in a dichotomous way. The two logistic regression models consisted of the TM 4, TM 7, TM 1 and TM 4, TM 7, TM 2 presented an overall accuracy of 97.37% and 97.30%, respectively and proved to be the most well performing three-channel color composites. The discriminator ability in respect to burned area mapping of each one of the six spectral channels of Thematic Mapper, which was achieved by applying six logistic regression models, agreed with the results taken from the separability indices Jeffries-Matusita and Transformed Divergence.
Extreme Sea Levels in the English Channel: Calibration of the Joint Probability Method

Abstract The probability of extreme sea levels along the coasts has always been statistically estimated from the series of local observations. The inference is never conclusive, and an attempt is given here to improve the methods already used with reference to the area of the English Channel. The joint probability method (JPM) is the starting point: In most cases it underestimates the return times (or overestimates extreme levels at a fixed time). The proposed extension is based on a more careful use of observed extremes by fitting a coefficient Cc deduced from the data set, which requires that the maximum record height be in agreement with the return period of the record length. This correction calibrates the whole series of extreme estimations to the observed maximum. Likewise an attempt to roughly explain this correction is given that explores the tide–surge interaction and seasonal dependence. The parameters are specifically computed for 15 tide-gauge stations, and the comparison is extended to other known methods, like the Gumbel one (in most cases overestimating the levels) and GEV simulations (which appear much better). Finally extreme levels with estimated return times of 10, 50, and 100 years, respectively, are proposed for each site, and a test for validity was performed by splitting certain long records into small samples, thus checking the spread of the results.
Development of thin glass mirrors via cold shaping replication for future x-ray telescopes

The cold shaping (or cold slumping) replication of thin glass foils is an attractive solution for making future high throughput x-ray telescopes. A similar approach is being successfully used for making the normal-incidence mirrors of Cherenkov telescopes like Magic I and II and CTA. The process starts with a thin flat glass sheet that is curved by means of an imposed force on a precision mandrel with the desired nominal shape. After this forming, the shape of the sheet is blocked using a light and stiff structure usually fixed with a glue layer. At INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera we started to study this process in the past few years for grazing incidence x-ray mirrors with Wolter I (parabola + hyperbola) shape. The availability of flexible glass foils with thicknesses of a few tens of microns now allows for the fabrication of mirrors with very small curvature radii. To implement a mirror assembly, the foils are stacked together using stiffening ribs in order to connect a shell to the next one and form in this way a monolithic stack of curved foil. The accumulated stress during the bending is kept below affordable limits and the associated spring-back after the replication does not strongly affect the angular resolution. Moreover, other major advantages are the cost/time reduction w.r. t. to other approaches and the preservation of the intrinsic good roughness of the float glass sheets. Good targets for the application of this technology are x-ray missions for hard x-rays with angular resolution in the range of 15-60 arcsec, or IAXO (and demonstrator baby-IAXO) ground-based helioscopes for the detection of solar axions. The recent progress in the cold slumping is described in this paper with optical and mechanical design, presenting the measured results on a stack with three layers.
Extending the known distribution of the Younger Dryas Vedde Ash into northwestern Russia

The known distribution of wind-blown Vedde Ash (ca. 10.3 ka BP) has been extended to the Karelian Isthmus in northwestern Russia. This has been possible as the result of a density separation technique that separates the rhyolitic Vedde Ash shards from the minerogenic host sediment. The Vedde Ash occurs in the middle of a pollen zone with high percentages of, for example, Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, suggesting that the Younger Dryas (or GS-I in the GRIP ice-core event stratigraphy) was cold and dry throughout its duration. This is in agreement with sites in south Sweden where the Vedde Ash also occurs in the middle of a pollen zone dominated by Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Cyperaceae. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nostoc muscorum Lukesova 2/91: Optimization, Characterization, and Biological Applications

Purpose The biological synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has become a new methodology for the eco-friendly production of NPs with high scalability and biocompatibility. Cyanobacteria are one of the most widespread microorganisms on Earth and have been proven to be successful biofactories for synthesizing NPs. It is challenging to discover new microalgae with the potential to synthesize NPs of small size with high stability. Methods Nostoc muscorum Lukesova 2/91 was isolated, purified, and identified morphologically and genetically using microscopy and DNA sequencing. Volatile biomolecules in aqueous algal extracts were assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results Data showed that the main biomolecules were fatty acids and their esters, followed by secondary metabolites. Algal extract was used to convert silver nitrate (AgNO3) into silver NPs under various optimized parameters. 1 mM of AgNO3, 1:1 (V/V ratio of algal extract to AgNO3), 25 °C, under light illumination, for 24 h, at pH 7.4 were the optimum conditions for NP production (Nos@AgNPs). Nos@AgNPs were characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, SEM, EDx, mapping, and a Zetasizer. The wavelength of Nos@AgNPs was 401.4 nm and their shapes were cubic to oval, with an average diameter of 11.8 ± 0.5 nm. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that proteins/polysaccharides could be the main reductants, whereas these molecules and/or fatty acids could be stabilizers for NP synthesis. Nos@AgNPs (86.15%) was silver and had a hydrodynamic diameter of 10.7 nm with a potential charge of −19.7 mV. Antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities of Nos@AgNPs were evaluated. Nos@AgNPs exhibited significant inhibitory activity against lung, colon, and breast cancer cells and considerable biocidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion N. muscorum Lukesova 2/91 is an excellent source for the biofabrication of small and stable AgNPs with potent inhibitory effects against cancer and bacterial cells.
A Numerical Model of Convection Driven by a Surface Stress and Non-Uniform Horizontal Heating

Abstract This paper examines the two-dimensional convective motion of a nonrotating incompressible Boussinesq fluid heated non-uniformly from below. The fluid container is rectangular; the side and top boundaries are insulating and rigid. A linear temperature field is maintained along the bottom boundary. Using the DuFort-Frankel scheme for diffusion and the Arakawa scheme for advection, the governing vorticity and temperature equations are integrated numerically for two cases, the first having a stress-free bottom boundary and the second having a constant stress along the bottom boundary. In the first case, a single convective cell develops; an intense buoyant jet of fluid rises from the warmer section of the bottom while there is a more uniform sinking motion over the cooler section of the bottom. The cell asymmetry, the circulation, and the convective heat transfer increase markedly with increasing Rayleigh number (based here on fluid properties, cell height, and the horizontal temperature difference a.
Parameterization of the Cool Skin of the Ocean and of the Air-Ocean Gas Transfer on the Basis of Modeling Surface Renewal

Abstract Heat and gas transport in molecular sublayers at the air-sea interface is governed by similar laws. A model of renewal type based on the physics of molecular sublayers allows the derivation of a parameterization of the temperature difference across the cool skin of the ocean and of the coefficient of the direct air-sea gas transfer. The surface Richardson number controls the transition from convective instability to wind-induced instability (“rollers” on breaking wavelets) and the Keulegan number controls the transition from the regime of rollers to long-wave breaking. A critical value of the surface Richardson number and of a nondimensional constant can be evaluated by comparing the parameterizations of the cool skin with field data. The critical value of the Keulegan number is determined from the wind speed at which long-wave breaking appears. The parameterizations have been compared with cool skin data obtained from campaigns in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean, while the gas transf.
Unraveling the Connection: Visceral Adipose Tissue and Vitamin D Levels in Obesity

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are widespread on a global scale, with multiple factors playing a role in their development, such as limited exposure to sunlight, inadequate dietary consumption, as well as obesity and abdominal fat accumulation. Abdominal obesity, assessed with waist circumference (WC), is associated with metabolic syndrome and has been linked to low vitamin D levels. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and vitamin D levels, particularly examining the potential threshold for vitamin D storage and sequestration using adipose tissue. The study was conducted between 2020 and 2022 with 58 patients from an internal medicine outpatient department. Patients with certain medical conditions and those taking medications affecting bone metabolism were excluded. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 months of monthly cholecalciferol supplementation. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate adipose tissue measurements, including subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness, VAT, preperitoneal adipose tissue (PPAT), and prerenal adipose tissue (PRAT). Anthropometric measures such as the waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio were also assessed. The results showed that all subjects had significant hypovitaminosis D at baseline. After 6 months of supplementation, the mean increase in vitamin D levels was 9.6 ng/mL, with 55.2% of subjects becoming deficient. The study revealed a significant correlation between follow-up vitamin D levels and waist circumference, hip circumference, and VAT. VAT exhibited a strong correlation not only with vitamin D levels but also with waist circumference. When analyzing gender differences, males showed a higher weight and waist-to-hip ratio, while females had higher body adiposity indexes and subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements. In conclusion, this study highlights the relationship between VAT and vitamin D levels, emphasizing the potential role of adipose tissue in vitamin D availability. Waist circumference was identified as a surrogate measure for VAT evaluation. Furthermore, the study showed variations in vitamin D response to supplementation between genders, with a higher percentage of males reaching normal vitamin D levels. Predictive factors for vitamin D levels differed between genders, with waist circumference being a significant predictor in males and body adiposity index in females.
Evidence for subglacial ponding across Taylor Glacier, Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Abstract Ice-penetrating radar and modelling data are presented suggesting the presence of a zone of temperate ice, water ponding or saturated sediment beneath the tongue of Taylor Glacier, Dry Valleys, Antarctica. The proposed subglacial zone lies 3–6 km up-glacier of the terminus and is 400– 1000m across. The zone coincides with an extensive topographic overdeepening to 80m below sea level. High values of residual bed reflective power across this zone compared to other regions and the margins of the glacier require a high dielectric contrast between the ice and the bed and are strongly indicative of the presence of basal water or saturated sediment. Analysis of the hydraulic equipotential surface also indicates strong convergence into this zone of subglacial water flow paths. However, thermodynamic modelling reveals that basal temperatures in this region could not exceed –7˚C relative to the pressure-melting point. Such a result is at odds with the radar observations unless the subglacial water is a hypersaline brine.
Environmental assessment in Malaysia: a means to an end or a new beginning?

This paper reviews the current framework for, and practical application of, environmental impact assessment (EIA) in Malaysia and assesses the progress made towards adoption of strategic environmental assessment (SEA). EIA legislation was first introduced in 1987 and much progress has been made in enforcing compliance with the requirements. More recent moves towards devolution of EIA control to the states are an indicator of the influence that EIA is making, although there are still many practical constraints to be overcome. Even more recently, Malaysia has used SEA for area-wide schemes: the potential for this take up is evaluated. Despite many problems, the EIA process continues to function and evidence of an emerging commitment to SEA bodes well for the future.
PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI MOTIVASI KERJA PADA CV. UNION EVENT PLANNER

Sumber daya manusia dapat menjadi kunci perusahaan untuk keberhasilan. CV Union Event Planner adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang event organizer. Fenomena kinerja karyawan yang tidak maksimal, dan kesalahan yang dilakukan karyawan menjadi salah satu masalah di perusahaan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui motivasi kerja. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 57 karyawan CV. Union Event Planner. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan CV. Union Event Planner, motivasi kerja beserta kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Exploiting 3D Spatial Sampling in Inverse Modeling of Thermochronological Data

The development of quantitative models for fission track annealing (Laslett et al. 1987; Carlson 1990; Laslett and Galbraith 1996; Ketcham et al. 1999) and more recently, helium diffusion in apatite (Wolf et al. 1996; Farley 2000), has allowed direct inference of the temperature history of the host rocks, and a more indirect inference of denudation chronologies (see Kohn et al. this volume, and references therein). An example of a model prediction of AFT parameter and (U-Th)/He age for a specified thermal history is given in Figure 1⇓. Various approaches exist to extract a thermal history model directly from the data, and these focus around inverse modeling (Corrigan 1991; Gallagher 1995; Issler 1996; Willett 1997; Ketcham et. al. 2000). The user specifies some constraints on the thermal history (e.g., upper and lower bounds on the temperature time, and heating/cooling rate), and then typically some form of stochastic sampling is adopted to infer either the most likely thermal history (ideally with some measure of the uncertainty of the solution), and/or a family of acceptable thermal histories. In both the forward and inverse approaches, the thermal history is typically parameterized as nodes in time-temperature space, with some form of interpolation between the nodes. Figure 1. A typical forward model—the thermal history is specified, and having chosen and annealing/diffusion model, we can predict the apatite fission track parameters (age, length distribution), and (U-Th)/He data. PRZ and PAZ are the partial retention zone, and partial annealing zones, over which the He and AFT systems are most sensitive on geological timescales. Over recent years, one of the major applications of low temperature thermochronology has been the study of long term denudation as recorded in the cooling history of surface samples. More recently, some studies have specifically tried to …
The lifetime of leewave-induced ice particles in the Arctic stratosphere: II. Stabilization due to NAT-coating

This paper offers a possible explanation for the observation of ice particles in the size range 1 to 5 microns at stratospheric altitudes of 20 to 24 km in areas with temperatures 5 to 10 K above the frost point. The observations were made from balloon borne instruments launched from northern Sweden. The authors argue such ice particles would have to originate from cooled air masses over relatively near Norwegian mountain ranges. How would they live long enough to transport to this area They argue that if formation processes had allowed for a concurrent condensation of ice and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), then the ice particles would have a suspension of NAT particles scattered through them. As the ice evaporates, it exposes more NAT clusters, which can eventually coat the surface, slowing evaporation from periods of minutes into the range of hours.
From Forager to Cultivator: A Case Study in the Zagros Mountains of Iran

This paper examines the early aceramic Neolithic botanic assemblage from Chogha Golan, Iran, for signs of cultivation. Based on the presumption that people's engagement with the local vegetation altered due to a changing mode of residence and mobility during that period, its record of edible and useful plants ought to look different compared to that of the site's later assemblages that include domesticated emmer. The study involved data from coeval sites in the region and three Palaeolithic outliers, including Ghar-e Boof, a Rostamian cave occupation in the Zagros Mountains. Though the information does not refute efforts at cultivation at the site during the midden's initial occupation, the analyses rather suggest that a realignment of hunter-gatherer traditions took place, with local plant exploitation targeting a wider breadth in the landscape. Inherited subsistence strategies were adapted to the new human and natural setting inhabited, in which high yield legumes and grasses dominated procurement and became the focus of the incipient agricultural transformations underway.
Slope failures in Hong Kong

Summary The recurrence of slope failures in residual soils of Hong Kong is analysed for the period 1950 to 1973, and various factors contributing to the instability are described. It is postulated that the prime cause of the failures is direct infiltration of rain water into the surficial zones of the slopes, producing a loss of effective cohesion following the saturation of the soil. Prevention of slips implies protection against excessive infiltration.