Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Dual Task Training Versus Aerobics Training in Improving Cognition in Healthy Elderly Population

Background Cognitive impairments, particularly in old age, are pervasive and occur because of both normal and pathological senescence. Engaging in some routine bodily activities combined with activities that stimulate cognitive skills appears beneficial in increasing cognitive resistance to degenerative processes of the brain. Dual-task training (DTT) by combining motor and cognitive activities causes improvement, particularly in executive function, working memory and divided attention, whereas aerobic exercise training (AET) plays an important role in improving executive function, attention, and memory. In this study, we attempted to compare the efficiency of DTT versus AT in improving cognitive function in healthy older individuals. Methods Forty healthy older adults between 60 and 70 years of age who met the inclusion criteria participated in this study. They were randomly split into two groups A and B. Group A (64.05±3.17 years) received DTT three times a week, whereas group B (65.50±3.44 years) received AT five times a week. Both training programs were conducted for six weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using Trail Making Test (TMT)-A, TMT-B, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The assessment was done at baseline (first day of intervention), on completion of the third week, and again at the end of the training session i.e., the sixth week. The Chi-square test and the student's paired and unpaired t-tests were used for statistical analysis with a level of significance P<0.05. Discussion and result Betterment in cognitive functions was evident after six weeks of DTT and AET. Post-intervention improvements were noted in TMT-A, TMT-B, and MoCA scores in both groups A and B (P>0.0001). However, the difference between the pre and post-intervention scores was greater for group A compared to group B indicative of remarkable improvements in cognitive function in group A. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that both DTT and AET are notably efficient in improving cognitive function in a healthy elderly population. However, in comparison, DTT was significantly more effective than AET (P<0.05). This shows that six weeks of DTT is effective in improving cognitive function and slowing age-associated cognitive decline in older adults.
A micro‐structural model for dissipation phenomena in the concrete

In the present paper, a constitutive model for the description of the dissipation in the concrete is provided. The theoretical description is based on a micromorphic model in which the microstructure is constituted by a kinematical scalar descriptor φ whose time derivative is linked to a dissipative potential. The scalar φ can be interpreted as the relative displacement between two opposite faces of the microcracks, and our physical interpretation of dissipation is indeed linked to the friction force (in a mixed Coulomb‐type and viscous‐type behavior) between them. To evaluate the effects of bending on the dissipation, the 3D model is then reduced by means of standard Saint‐Venant's procedure in case of combined compression and bending over a cylindrical domain. A qualitative analysis of the reduced ODEs model is then provided. Numerical results showing comparison between different types of dissipative force and between pure compression and combined compression and bending are included in a dedicated section. Finally, the proposed model and our physical interpretation of the dissipation are supported by some experimental data concerning standard concrete and a concrete enriched by adding to the mixture a filler constituted by micro‐particles capable of improving the dissipative behavior of the material. Measured data show very good fit with our theoretical previsions and provide a sufficiently sound basis for further deepening of the theoretical description of the considered phenomena. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observations of dwarfs in nearby voids: implications for galaxy formation and evolution

Abstract The intermediate results of the ongoing study of deep samples of ∼200 galaxies residing in nearby voids, are presented. Their properties are probed via optical spectroscopy, ugri surface photometry, and HI 21-cm line measurements, with emphasis on their evolutionary status. We derive directly the hydrogen mass M(HI), the ratio M(HI)/LB and the evolutionary parameter gas-phase O/H. Their luminosities and integrated colours are used to derive stellar mass M* and the second evolutionary parameter – gas mass-fraction f g). The colours of the outer parts, typically representative of the galaxy oldest stellar population, are used to estimate the upper limits on time since the beginning of the main SF episode. We compare properties of void galaxies with those of the similar late-type galaxies in denser environments. Most of void galaxies show smaller O/H for their luminosity, in average by ∼30\%, indicating slower evolution. Besides, the fraction of ∼10\% of the whole void sample or ∼30\% of the least luminous void LSB dwarfs show the oxygen deficiency by a factor of 2–5. The majority of this group appear very gas-rich, with f g ∼(95–99)%, while their outer parts appear rather blue, indicating the time of onset of the main star-formation episode of less than 1–4 Gyr. Such unevolved LSBD galaxies appear not rare among the smallest void objects, but turned out practically missed to date due to the strong observational selection effects. Our results evidense for unusual evolutionary properties of the sizable fraction of void galaxies, and thus, pose the task of better modelling of dwarf galaxy formation and evolution in voids.
C*-algebras associated with endomorphisms of groups

In this work we construct a C*-algebra from an injective endomorphisms of some group G, allowing the endomorphism to have infinite cokernel. We generalize results obtained by I. Hirshberg and also by J. Cuntz and A. Vershik. In good cases we show that the C*-algebra that we study is classifiable by Kirchberg's classification theorem, with K-groups equal to K*(C*(G)).
COMMENT: Level repulsion in the spectrum of two-dimensional harmonic oscillators

The asymptotic-energy limit of the density P(S) of spacings between adjacent levels of the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator (TDHO) spectrum is studied. It is shown that in any integer segment (M, M+1), containing approximately M/α levels, of the TDHO spectrum m + αn, P(S) has the form Σ wi δ(S - Si) where i takes on at most three values. For large M, P(S) displays strong level repulsion for irrational α, but it does not settle on a stationary form nor does its average over M. This is in marked contrast with the behaviour of generic integrable systems for which the Poisson statistics, P(S)= exp(-S), is known to apply.
Some results on the penalised nematic liquid crystals driven by multiplicative noise

In this paper we prove several results related to the existence and uniqueness of solution to coupled highly nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations (PDEs). These equations are motivated by the dynamics of nematic liquid crystals under the influence of stochastic external forces. Firstly, we prove the existence of global weak solution (in sense of both stochastic analysis and PDEs). We show the pathwise uniqueness of the solution in 2D domain. Secondly, we establish the existence and uniqueness of local maximal solution which is strong in sense of both PDEs and stochastic analysis. In the 2D case, we show that this solution is global. In contrast to several works in the deterministic setting we replace the Ginzburg-Landau function ${1}_{\lvert \mathbf{n}\rvert \le 1}(\lvert \mathbf{n}\rvert^2-1)\mathbf{n}$ by a general polynomial $f(\mathbf{n})$ and we give sufficient conditions on the polynomial $f$ for the aforementioned results to hold. As a by-product of our investigation we present a general method based on fixed point argument to establish the existence and uniqueness of a local maximal solution of an abstract stochastic evolution equations with coefficients satisfying local Lipschitz condition involving the norms of two different Banach spaces. This general method can be used to treat several stochastic hydrodynamical models such as Navier-Stokes, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, and the $\alpha$-models of Navier-Stokes equations and their MHD counterparts.
Exponential stability of operators and operator semigroups

Extending earlier results of Datko, Pazy and Littman on C0-semigroups, and of Przyluski and Weiss on operators, we prove the following. Let T be a bounded linear operator on a Banach space X and let r(T ) denote its spectral radius. Let E be a Banach function space over N with the property that limn→∞ ‖χ{0,. ,n−1}‖E =∞. If for each x ∈ X and x∗ ∈ X∗ the map n 7→ 〈x∗, Tnx〉 belongs to E, then r(T ) < 1. By applying this to Orlicz spaces E, the following result is obtained. Let T be a bounded linear operator on a Banach space X and let φ : R+ → R+ be a non-decreasing function with φ(t) > 0 for all t > 0. If ∑∞ n=0 φ ( |〈x∗, Tnx〉| ) < ∞ for all ‖x‖, ‖x∗‖ 6 1, then r(T ) < 1. Assuming a ∆2-condition on φ, a further improvement is obtained. For locally bounded semigroups T = {T (t)}t>0, we obtain similar results in terms of the maps t 7→ ‖T (t)x‖.
Sexual risk-taking behavior amongst emerging adults in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among emerging adults (EmA) is high in some African settings. Estimates on sexual risk-taking behavior (SRTB) among EmA is varied in literature, which presents a challenge when designing targeted interventions. We aimed to review and summarize literature on prevalence and risk factors of SRTB among EmA in Africa. Methods A search for studies published in PubMed, Embase and Psych Info involving EmA (18 - 25 years), conducted in Africa and reporting one or more SRTB was done. Pooled prevalence estimates were summarized using forest plots. Heterogeneity in SRTB was explored by sex, geographic region, year of publication and outcome definition. Risk factors were synthesized using a modified socio-ecological model. Results Overall, 117 studies were analyzed. Non-condom use had the highest pooled prevalence (46.0% [95% CI: 14.0-51.0]), followed by study-defined SRTB (37.0% [95% CI: 23.0 -51.0]), concurrency (35.0% [95% CI: 19.0-53.0]), multiple sex partnerships (30.0% [95% CI: 24.0-37.0]), younger age at sexual debut (25.0% [95% CI: 19.0- 31.0]), age disparate relationships (24.0% [95% CI: 17.0-32.0]) and transactional sex (17.0% [95% CI: 11.0-24.0]). In four of the seven outcomes, heterogeneity was partially explained by sex, with female participants having higher pooled prevalence estimates compared to their male counterparts. In four of the seven outcomes, alcohol/drug use was the most common risk factor. Conclusions SRTB was common among EmA and differentially higher in emerging female adults. Non-condom use had the highest pooled prevalence, which may contribute to the propagation of HIV and other STIs in this population. Interventions targeting emerging female adults and alcohol/drug use may reduce SRTB, which may in-turn mitigate propagation of HIV and other STIs among EmA in Africa.
The TORT three-dimensional discrete ordinates neutron/photon transport code (TORT version 3)

TORT calculates the flux or fluence of neutrons and/or photons throughout three-dimensional systems due to particles incident upon the system`s external boundaries, due to fixed internal sources, or due to sources generated by interaction with the system materials. The transport process is represented by the Boltzman transport equation. The method of discrete ordinates is used to treat the directional variable, and a multigroup formulation treats the energy dependence. Anisotropic scattering is treated using a Legendre expansion. Various methods are used to treat spatial dependence, including nodal and characteristic procedures that have been especially adapted to resist numerical distortion. A method of body overlay assists in material zone specification, or the specification can be generated by an external code supplied by the user. Several special features are designed to concentrate machine resources where they are most needed. The directional quadrature and Legendre expansion can vary with energy group. A discontinuous mesh capability has been shown to reduce the size of large problems by a factor of roughly three in some cases. The emphasis in this code is a robust, adaptable application of time-tested methods, together with a few well-tested extensions.
A note on weighted Bergman spaces and the Cesaro Operator

Let B denote the unit ball in ℂ n , and dV(z) normalized Lebesgue measure on B. For α > -1, define dVα(z) = (1 - \z\2)αdV(z). Let (B) denote the space of holomorhic functions on B, and for 0 < p < ∞, let p(dVα ) denote Lp(dVα ) ∩ (B). In this note we characterize p(dVα ) as those functions in (B) whose images under the action of a certain set of differential operators lie in Lp(dVα ). This is valid for 1 < p < oo. We also show that the Cesàro operator is bounded on p(dVα ) for 0 < p < oo. Analogous results are given for the polydisc.
Shear Layer Instabilities and Mixing in Variable Density Transverse Jet Flows

This work describes the experimental characterization of the instabilities forming in the near-field of the variable density transverse jet shear layer, and mechanisms by which jet behavior and mixing may be controlled. Jets comprised of mixtures of gaseous nitrogen and helium are injected from a nozzle mounted flush with an injection wall, issuing into air crossflows at a constant jet Reynolds number of 1800. Jet-to-crossflow density ratio S isvaried between 1.00, representing the pure nitrogen jet, and 0.14, the pure helium jet, by changing the proportions of nitrogen and helium composing the jet fluid. Jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio J is varied at incremental values between infinity>J>2 at each value of S. The results of single-component hotwire measurements in the jet shear layer indicate that a transition to global instability likely occurs as J is altered below approximately 10 and/or as S is brought below approximately 0.45-0.40. This transition is characterized by several clear spectral features, including sharp spectral peaks and resistance to low level acoustic forcing for the globally unstable (self-excited) case, and broadband oscillations with high receptivity to applied forcing for the convectively unstable case. Evidence of a Hopf bifurcation is found under examination of the growth of the shear layer oscillation magnitude under variation of the control parameter J, as well in the response to pure-tone forcing near the shear layer's natural mode frequency. These observations appear to link many previous independent studies of both equidensity transverse jets and low density free jets, which may become globally unstable under alteration of J and S, respectively. However, the dynamical character of the transition to global instability in the low density transverse jet displays differences under independent variation of J and S, which may indicate the predominance of different modes. Particle image velocimetry is also used to expand upon these hotwire measurements using a less intrusive and planar technique, confirming the quantitative findings related to the shear layer behavior. Planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements of jet fluid concentration in various cross-sections of the jet indicate that at large values of J and S, the Re = 1800 transverse jet is highly asymmetric about its (often) assumed plane of symmetry. Mixing quantification shows that mixing may scale according to a normalized spatial coordinate x=sqrt(JD), and that lower density jets are less well mixed than their higher density counterparts at equivalent scaled downstream distances from the point of injection. Acoustic excitation of a globally unstable transverse jet under a variety of dierent square waveforms yields optimal mixing enhancement at a particular square wave duty cycle associated with highest penetration of individual vortex rings into the crossflow. Knowledge of the transverse jet shear layer's stability characteristics remains an important factor in optimizing jet control.
Effect of nonadiabatic electronic-vibrational interactions on the transport properties of single-molecule junctions

The interaction between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom in single-molecule junctions may result from the dependence of the electronic energies or the electronic states of the molecular bridge on the nuclear displacement. The latter mechanism leads to a direct coupling between different electronic states and is referred to as nonadiabatic electronic-vibrational coupling. Employing a perturbative nonequilibrium Green’s function approach, we study the influence of nonadiabatic electronic-vibrational coupling in model molecular junctions. Thereby we distinguish between systems with well separated and quasi-degenerate electronic levels. The results show that the nonadiabatic electronic-vibrational interaction can have a significant influence on the transport properties. The underlying mechanisms, in particular the difference between nonadiabatic and adiabatic electronic-vibrational coupling, are analyzed in some detail.
Adiabatic approximation and fluctuations in exciton-polariton condensates

We study the relation between the models commonly used to describe the dynamics of nonresonantly pumped exciton-polariton condensates, namely the ones described by the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, and by the open-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation including a separate equation for the reservoir density. In particular, we focus on the validity of the adiabatic approximation that allows to reduce the coupled condensate-reservoir dynamics to a single partial differential equation. We find that the adiabatic approximation consists of three independent analytical conditions that have to be fulfilled simultaneously. By investigating stochastic versions of the two corresponding models, we verify that the breakdown of the adiabatic approximation can lead to discrepancies in correlation lengths and distributions of fluctuations. Additionally, we consider the phase diffusion and number fluctuations of a condensate in a box, and show that self-consistent description requires treatment beyond the typical Bogoliubov approximation.
WAVE PROPAGATION IN RANDOM MEDIA

Abstract : Wave propagation and random media are defined, and the nature of the mathematical problems arising in random media is described. The two principal types of methods for solving these problems--honest and dishonest methods--are explained. These methods are first illustrated by considering the geometrical optics of a random medium by one method of each type. Some new results are obtained by an honest method and some errors in a previous work are pointed out. Comparison is made between the results of the two methods and the reasons why they disagree are explained. As the propagation in random media is described. The two principal types of methods for solving these problems--honest and dishonest methods--are explained. These methods are first illustrated by considering the geometrical optics of a random medium by one method of each type. Some new results are obtained by an honest method and some errors in a previous work are pointed out. Comparison is made between the results of the two methods and the reasons why they disagree are explained. As a second illustration of an honest method, an analysis of the reduced wave equation in a random medium is presented. Some known results are obtained in a new way which is simpler than the usual one and which appears to be capable of yielding further results.
Emotion co-exists with lexical effects: A case study

A study that was conducted to examine how emotion co-exists with lexical effects is presented. Monte-Carlo sampling was used to estimate reported p-values. First, the dependent variables were modeled individually as a function of Emotion and Speaker to check whether the acoustic characteristics of the recorded speech were indeed modified by the emotional modality. Second, the dependent variables were modeled as a function of the predictors lexical Frequency (logged) and Neighborhood Density; the model also accounted for possible interactions of the two lexical predictors with Emotion and Speaker. The effect of Neighborhood Density on vowel duration does not interact with lexical Frequency and lexical Frequency is not predictive of vowel duration.
Discrimination of dark matter models in future experiments

Phenomenological aspects of simple dark matter models are studied. We discuss ways to discriminate the dark matter models in future experiments. We find that the measurements of the branching fraction of the Higgs boson into two photons and the electric dipole moment of the electron as well as the direct detection experiments are quite useful in discriminating particle models of dark matter. We also discuss the prospects of finding new particles in dark sector at the LHC/ILC.
Luminous Infrared Galaxies in a Merging Sequence: ISO Observations

We report mid-infrared images of several luminous infrared galaxies (LIGs) taken with ISOCAM on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). These LIGs were chosen to represent different phases of a merger sequence of galaxy-galaxy interaction with special emphasis on early/intermediate stages of merging. The molecular gas distribution of these LIGs has also been mapped at high spatial resolution (see contribution by Gao et al., this volume). The goal is to do a synoptic study of the evolution of physical conditions in these LIGs along the merger sequence.
Transformation Groups with (n-1)-Dimensional Orbits on Non-Compact Manifolds

When a Lie group G operates on a differentiable manifold M as a Lie transformation group, the orbit of a point p in M under G, or the G-orbit of p, is by definition the submanifold G(p) = {G(p); g∈G}. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the structure of a non-compact manifold M such that there exists a compact orbit of dimension (n — 1), n — dim M, under a connected Lie transformation group G, which is assumed to be compact or an isometry group of a Riemannian metric on M.
Association of follistatin and cytochrome p450 side-chain cleavage enzyme with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Objectives: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a complex disorder commonly found in women in their reproductive age around the globe. Due to its higher clinical implications and communicability, this research article describes epidemiological studies and the association of known microsatellite markers with PCOS in the Pakistani population. Methods: Data were collected from 62 Pakistani women. The study involved pedigree analysis which revealed recessive mode of inheritance in all of them. The mendelian ratio in marriages between non-PCOS (male) and PCOS (female) individuals remained 1:1 while between non-PCOS (male) and non-PCOS (female) remained 3:1, respectively. Results: The result showed that there was an association of marker D15S519 (CYP11A, 10q24.3) with family 5 with an X2 value of 7.78 (P < 0.01) while a strong association of marker D5S822 (FS, 5p14) with an X2 value of 4.89 (P < 0.05) was observed in family 2. In the case of family 1, a weak association of allele 1 with marker D19S212 (INSL3, 19p13.1) was observed with an X2 value of 2.25 (P > 0.10), While family 6 also presented a very weak association of homozygosity with marker D19S391 (INS receptor, 19p13.2) with X2 value of 3.45 (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Findings indicated a higher prevalence of PCOS and highlights the emergence of more interventions to minimize the level of complications in women. Our intrusions intended to describe the genetic basis of PCOS in Pakistani population with special emphasis on large families in current study. Moreover, association of known loci for PCOS with our families.