Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The development, implementation and evaluation of a training intervention for primary health care providers on brief behaviour change counselling, and assessment of the provider’s competency in delivering this counselling intervention.

Unhealthy behaviour is a key modifiable factor that underlies much of the South African (SA) burden of disease and primary care morbidity. Chronic diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, lung diseases and some cancers are linked to underlying behavioural issues such as tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity and unhealthy eating. Evidence shows that brief behaviour change counselling by primary care providers can be effective in helping patients to change risky lifestyle behaviours. However, the capacity of South African primary care providers to educate and counsel patients on lifestyle modification is generally poor. The need for primary care provider training in lifestyle counselling, is stated as a critical objective in ‘re-orientating’ the primary health care system to effectively address NCDs in the National Strategic Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs and their risk factors in SA. The overall aim of this research was to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a training intervention for primary care providers in the South African setting, which is based on teaching best practice, behaviour change counselling (BBCC) methods that can be used for patients with risky lifestyle behaviours associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). “Effectiveness” relates to the effect of the training on PCPs adoption of a patient centred approach, and skills acquisition after the training, and not the effectiveness in changing, or improving patient outcomes. The sequence of the abstracts of the four articles that were published from this research, gives an overview of the process. The abstracts of the four articles presented for the degree are given here.
Quality of chicken snack as affected by the level of spent hen meat

Chicken snack was prepared using spent hen meat at 0 (control), 40 (I), 50 (II) and 60% (III) levels along with rice starch. non-fat dried milk (NFDM), spice mix, condiments, common salt, phosphate and baking powder, Level of meat significantly (P<0.05) influenced contents of fat, protein, ash and carbohydrates as well as colour and appearance, flavour, texture, crispness, after taste, meat flavour intensity (MFl) and overall acceptability of the products and significantly (P<0.05) influenced yield and pH of the products as well as pH of emulsion. Product H scored highest for colour and appearance, texture, crispness and overall acceptability while III scored highest for flavour, after taste and MFI among all the products. Addition of 60% meat in the formulation resulted in higher retention of mqisture in III than others. Utilization of 50% meal is recommended for making a good quality chicken snack.
Microbiological profile of milk produced on dairy farms in the State of São Paulo according to the standards of Normative Instruction 62 of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply

Objetivou-se avaliar o atendimento a Instrucao Normativa 62 em propriedades leiteiras no estado de Sao Paulo, estudar a ocorrencia de mastite subclinica de quartos mamarios por meio do California Mastitis Test (CMT) e da contagem de celulas somaticas (CCS), estabelecer a etiologia da mastite, analisar o comprometimento da CCS das diferentes propriedades de acordo com os micro-organismos isolados e verificar a influencia das condicoes climaticas na ocorrencia de mastite. Os percentuais de mastite subclinica analisados pelo CMT em relacao ao numero de animais e quartos mamarios foram de 48,3% (232/480) e 26,2% (496/1892) respectivamente. Considerando o limite atual de CCS da IN 62, 88,8% das propriedades atendem a IN 62. No entanto, analisando o objetivo final da IN 62 que e atingir 400.000 cels/mL algumas propriedades ja ultrapassam e outras estao muito proximas desse limite. As frequencias dos micro-organismos por propriedade foram diferentes. As propriedades E e D tiveram os resultados mais criticos. Entre as 388 amostras positivas ao exame microbiologico, Staphylococcus aureus foi o micro-organismo mais prevalente, com 34,02% dos isolados. O Streptococcus spp. foi o agente mais associado as elevadas CCS, com coeficiente de correlacao de 0,20286. O trabalho mostrou que os patogenos da mastite consistem em um fator de variacao da resposta celular. Os micro-organismos isolados representam uma reducao na producao e qualidade do leite, alem de oferecerem varios riscos a saude humana. A associacao entre clima e mastite esta subordinada ao tipo de manejo adotado, profilaxia e tambem a estrutura e limpeza das instalacoes da propriedade.
Eficiência dos tratamentos para a superação ou quebra de dormência de sementes de Fabaceae

Muitos sao os tratamentos para superacao ou quebra da dormencia de sementes mencionados na literatura. Contudo, as consequencias dos metodos no desenvolvimento das plântulas sao escassas. Pela relevância das Fabaceae no contexto da dormencia, sementes e plântulas de 10 especies florestais da familia foram avaliadas quantitativamente e qualitativamente quanto aos danos e as infeccoes causados por tratamentos invasivos. A escarificacao, a incisao do tegumento e o tratamento termico umido foram utilizados. Por amostragem, as sementes foram colocadas em papel germitest, formando-se rolos distribuidos em câmara de germinacao sob luz branca fluorescente continua a 25 oC. A protrusao da radicula como criterio unico de germinacao sobrestima a eficencia dos tratamentos de superacao ou quebra da dormencia. A escarificacao e a incisao do tegumento sao eficientes para sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Parkia pendula, Senna macranthera e Senna multijuga, assim como a incisao do tegumento para Mimosa caesalpiniifolia. Contudo, sao ineficientes para Dimorphandra mollis e Enterolobium maximum pelo aumento das percentagens de plântulas infeccionadas e para Stryphnodendron adstringens de sementes mortas. As elevadas percentagens de plântulas danificadas de Erythrina speciosa e E. velutina nao podem ser atribuidas exclusivamente aos tratamentos, pois sem pre-tratamento o sistema radicular pode ficar aderente ao tegumento. O tratamento termico e ineficiente pelas elevadas percentagens de sementes duras remanescentes.
Heamatobiochemical alterations in natural cases of canine hepatozoonosis

Hepatozoonosis was diagnosed in 3 cases of dogs presented to Small Animal Clinics of the Department of Veterinary Clinical Services Complex, GADVASU, Ludhiana from August 2008 to April 2009 based on the gametocytes found inside the leukocytes in blood films. The dogs infected with Hepatozoon canis had microcytic normochromic anemia and neutrophilic leucocytosis with nuclear deviation of neutrophils to left. Serum biochemical values including BUN, creatinine, TP and ALP was elevated and the albumin was decreased.
Annual, seasonal and daily variation in the abundance of the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens in two breeding colonies in northern Chile

Los estudios de variaciones de abundancia de las poblaciones a distintas escalas temporales permiten comprender como dichas poblaciones fluctuan en el tiempo y cuales son los factores que influyen sobre dichas variaciones. Se analizaron los patrones de abundancia del lobo marino comun (SASL, Otaria flavescens) a escalas diaria, mensual y anual en 2 loberas reproductivas del norte de Chile. Adicionalmente, se evaluo el efecto de El Nino sobre los patrones anuales de la especie. La abundancia de lobos marinos en Punta Negra (PN) disminuyo desde 1994 a 2011, mientras que en Punta Patache (PP) aumento, aunque el numero de crias fue proporcionalmente bajo. Los resultados demuestran un efecto importante de El Nino sobre la abundancia de lobos marinos, especialmente para hembras + juveniles en PN. La abundancia mensual de hembras y juveniles fue mayor en invierno, mientras que para machos adultos y subadultos no se encontro ningun patron. Finalmente, durante el dia la abundancia incrementa hasta llegar a un maximo hacia fines de la tarde, especialmente en el caso de hembras y juveniles. No se encontraron diferencias en los patrones de abundancia entre las epocas reproductiva y no reproductiva para ninguna de las clases de sexo/edad. Este estudio muestra que la abundancia en PP y PN muestra periodicidades anuales, mensuales y diarias, y que dichas periodicidades estan condicionadas tanto por factores intrinsecos (e.g., epoca reproductiva) como extrinsecos (e.g., hora del dia, El Nino). A escala anual, los resultados indican que aun a una escala local, las tendencias de abundancia en 2 colonias pueden ser diferentes.
First Record of Lecithochirium sp.(Digenea : Hemiuridae) in the Marine Fish Carangoides bajad from the Red Sea, Coast of Yemen

The present study is the first investigation of digenetic trematode parasites in C. bajad, a commercially important teleost fish species of the Red Sea, Coast of Yemen from AL-Khatheib region, in the coast city of Hodeidah, during the period from January to December 2006. A total of 112 C.bajad ( Local name: Bayad ) were examined, 16 specimens were found harboring Lecithochirium sp. (Lecithochirium: Hemiuridae). The prevalence and mean intensity of infection were 14.3 % and 2.9 respectively. And the number of parasite per fish range 1-6. Prevalence and intensity of infection was positively correlated with host size (increasing with host size increasing). Host sex does not seem to affect prevalence of infection. The present work represents the first record for the presence of this parasite in C. bajad fish in Yemen's coastal Red Sea water
Granulopoietic Effects of Human Bone Marrow Fibroblastic Cells and Abnormalities in the "Granulopoietic Microenvironment"

The in vitro granulopoietic effects of adherent bone marrow fibroblastic cells (FC) were studied in normal humans and in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). To determine their influence on granulopoiesis, we established FC in liquid-phase cultures, overlaid the adherent FC with normal bone marrow cells in agar, and subsequently measured the growth of CFU-C. When using target marrows containing few spontaneous colonies, increased numbers of CFU-C were found above the FC obtained from normals. No growth greater than controls was observed in those areas lacking FC. If target marrows contained large numbers of spontaneous CFU-C, actual inhibition of colony formation was produced by FC co- incubation. In contrast to normals, FC obtained from untreated AML and MPD patients typically failed to enhance granulopoiesis. Regardless of source, FC were not synergistic with the effects of placenta- conditioned media (typically being inhibitory) for colony number, but were synergistic for colony size. Conditioned media obtained from FC cultures did not enhance colony formation and actually inhibited spontaneous colony formation. Thus, microenvironmental abnormalities in interactions between “stromal cells” and hematopoietic progenitors may be important in the pathogenesis and clinical expression of hematopoietic malignancies in humans.
Memoirs: Studies on the Germ-cell Cycle of Cryptocotyle lingua Creplin: 1. Gametogenesis in the Adult

1. The chromosomes of Cryptocotyle lingua have been counted and their shapes and sizes determined from observations on somatic and germinal cell divisions. 2. The differences in structure and staining reactions of the germinal cells in mature and immature worms are described. 3. Oogenesis and spermatogenesis have been followed from the primary germ-cells of the immature worm to the early cleavage stages. 4. More evidence has been added to that indicating the nonexistence of the ‘Primartypus’ of maturation postulated by Goldschmidt. 5. Gametogenesis in Cryptocotyle has been compared with that in other species.
Beyond delay: A qualitative examination of the successful delay of postsecondary education of Latter-Day Saint returned missionaries

vi List of Figures . xiv List of Tables . xv CHAPTER 1 BEYOND DELAY: A QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION OF THE SUCCESSFUL DELAY OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION OF LATTER-DAY SAINT RETURNED MISSIONARIES . 1 Problem Statement . 5 Purpose of the Study . 5 Research Questions . 6 Personal Biography . 6 Significance of the Study . 10 Summary . 10 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 Delaying Postsecondary Education . 12 National Studies . 13 Studies in Texas . 29 College Experience of PSE Delayers . 35
Abundance and community structure of Mentawai primates in the Peleonan forest, north Siberut, Indonesia

Abstract The island of Siberut in the Mentawai Archipelago, west of Sumatra, Indonesia, supports four of the five primate species endemic to the Archipelago, all categorized as threatened on the IUCN Red List. As a baseline for future research on the ecology and conservation of Siberut's primates we used a line-transect approach to survey primates in the Peleonan forest, site of the Siberut Conservation Project in northern Siberut. In 104 km of surveys we made a total of 391 observations of primates and estimated density and population sizes for the Project's 10.7 km2 main study site. Overall primate biomass density was estimated to be 697 kg km-2 and abundances, in individuals km-2, were: pig-tailed snub-nosed langur Simias concolor, 53.1; Siberut macaque Macaca siberu, 16.2; Kloss's gibbon Hylobates klossii, 8.9; Mentawai langur Presbytis potenziani, 8.2. These results confirm those from earlier studies that in undisturbed and unhunted primary forests S. concolor is more successful than the sympatrically occurring P. potenziani. Results for all species suggest considerable population sizes on the island and underline its importance for the conservation of Mentawai primates.
Factors Affecting Timeliness of Immunization Coverage Among Children of Assam, India

This article attempts to estimate timeliness of vaccination coverage and to model the pattern of timeliness of vaccination using techniques of survival analysis in order to trace the determinants of age-appropriate immunization status of children. Multistage cluster sampling has been used to collect information on immunization and other related variables using a pre-tested questionnaire from the universe of children of age between 12 and 36 months of two districts of Assam, India. At first, the Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator has been applied to estimate the age-appropriate immunization coverage. Though the immunization coverage as a whole is quite satisfactory in the study area, the Kaplan–Meier estimator shows poor age-appropriate immunization coverage which necessitates studying the impact of different demographic and socio-economic factors on this problem. In this context, the Cox proportional hazard model has been used which is found to be a good fit. The findings of this model show that education of mother, caste, religion and socio-economic status of the family have significant impact on the age-appropriate immunization coverage of children. Thus, it can be concluded that though the child immunization coverage in Assam has been inclining, there is still a lot of concern over the timeliness of vaccination coverage.
Abundance and density estimates for common leopard Panthera pardus and clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa in Manas National Park, Assam, India

Abstract Effective conservation of rare carnivores requires reliable estimates of population density for prioritizing investments and assessing the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We used camera traps and capture–recapture analysis to provide the first reliable abundance and density estimates for the common leopard Panthera pardus and clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa in Manas National Park, India. In 57 days of camera trapping, with a total of 4,275 camera-trap days, we photo-captured 27 individually identified common leopards (11 males, 13 females and three unidentified), and 16 clouded leopards (four males, five females and seven unidentified). The abundance estimates using the M h jackknife and Pledger model M h were 47.0 and 35.6, respectively, for the common leopard, and 21.0 and 25.0, respectively, for the clouded leopard. Density estimates using maximum likelihood spatially-explicit capture–recapture were 3.4 ± SE 0.82 and 4.73 ± SE 1.43 per 100 km2 for the common and clouded leopards, respectively. Spatially-explicit capture–recapture provided more realistic density estimates compared with those obtained from conventional methods. Our data indicates that camera trapping using a capture–recapture framework is an effective tool for assessing population sizes of cryptic and elusive carnivores such as the common and clouded leopards. The study has established a baseline for the long-term monitoring programme for large carnivores in Manas National Park.
Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento 26

Concern for human health has increased the demand for agricultural products with nutritional qualities, such as sunflower oil. Among the production technologies, the availability of cultivars with good agronomic performance in the growing conditions is essential to insert the sunflower crop in Brazil. Due to the low cost of its seeds, the adoption of sunflower varieties (open pollinated populations) may be a good option for small producers who use low technology investment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of sunflower varieties for the Brazilian harvest conditions – agricultural years 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the States of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul. The tested varieties were BRS 324, BRS 415, Embrapa 122 and Multissol. The evaluated traits were grain yield, oil content, oil yield, plant height and physiological maturation. For sowing in Brazil, BRS 324, BRS 415, Embrapa 122 and Multissol present similar yields of grains and oil, and satisfactory plant height for the crop management; besides, the latter two varieties take less time for physiological maturation.
A TWO PAN FEEDING TRIAL WITH COMPANION DOGS: CONSIDERATIONS FOR FUTURE TESTING

Palatability of pet foods is judged by the use of animals in colonies. Pet food manufacturers would like to understand how palatable a food is compared to another food. This generally is accomplished by a two pan test where a pet has the opportunity to freely choose between two foods. Preference is evaluated through the use of an intake ratio, the ratio of the amount of test food consumed divided by the total amount of the foods consumed. Although this is easy to do in laboratories, another option would be to do such studies with animals in more ‘real-life’ home environments. The purpose of this study was to develop, and test a method to capture feeding information from a study of canines in the home environment and analyze the results of the palatability tests. Individual dog owners were screened for information on the household and pets. Twenty-five dogs of different ages, breeds and sizes were selected to participate on the inhome panel. Seven different palatability tests were performed using the in-home panel with four of those tests being replicated; a total of 11 comparative tests. These dogs were tested using a proprietary computer-based technology that collected information about intake of each food for each individual dog for a duration of seven days for each of the 11 comparative studies. Data was analyzed and resulted in showing that differences between foods can be found. Statistical analyses compared initial day one data to subsequent day data collected during each study to determine whether a full seven day test was needed. In addition, comparisons were made to compare the impact of prior foods eaten to subsequent preferences of the dogs. Results of the inhome panel were the same on day one as for all seven days of testing. Also, previous exposure to a food did not alter subsequent preference for that food. Such data has implications for pet food manufacturers related to timing and cost of testing.
In vitro antiviral activity of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium adolescentis against rotavirus infection monitored by NSP4 protein production

Aims The aim of this study was to determine the antiviral activity of four probiotic metabolites (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacetrium species) against rotavirus in vitro infection monitored by the NSP4 protein production and Ca2+ release. Methods and Results The antiviral effect of the metabolites was performed due a comparison between a blocking model and an intracelullar model on MA104 cells, with the response of NSP4 production and Ca2+ liberation measured by flow cytometry. Significant results were obtained with the metabolites of Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the reduction of the protein production (P = 0·04 and P = 0·014) and Ca2+ liberation (P = 0·094 and P = 0·020) in the intracellular model, which suggests a successful antiviral activity against RV infection. Conclusions This study demonstrates that probiotic metabolites were able to interfere with the final amount of intracellular NSP4 protein and a successful Ca2+ regulation, which suggests a new approach to the mechanism exerted by probiotics against the rotavirus infection. Significance and Impact of the Study A novel anti-rotaviral effect exerted by probiotic metabolites monitored by the NSP4 protein during the RV in vitro infection and the effect on the Ca2+ release is reported; suggesting a reduction on the impact of the infection by decreasing the damage of the cells preventing the electrolyte loss.
Epidemiology and control of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in Southeast region of Brazil

Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are diseases transmitted by Boophilus microplus and haematophagous diptera, respectively, occurring in endemic character in Brazil, resulting in high economic loss on livestock production. In this country a wide range of epidemiological factors influencing their occurrence, such as climate variations, husbandry practices, tick control and susceptible purebreed cattle that are regularly imported to upgrade local stocks have been described. This review focuses the epidemiological control and some aspects of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in Brazil, with emphasis in southeast region. Factors influencing enzootic stability and instability of both species are also discussed. The control measures employed at present are chemoprophylaxis, use of acaricides for B. microplus, premunition and vaccination.
Coexpression of erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor in nervous system tumors associated with von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene loss of function

Hemangioblastomas are highly vascular tumors of the central nervous system that overexpress the hypoxia-inducible gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as a consequence of mutational inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL). Previous reports showed that hemangioblastomas can also express erythropoietin (Epo), which is also hypoxia-inducible. However, Epo expression in hemangioblastomas was observed only in individual cases, and the analyses were mainly based on indirect determination of erythropoiesis-stimulating activity. Therefore, we analyzed a series of 11 hemangioblastomas for Epo, VEGF, and VHL expression by Northern blot analysis and compared the results with normal brain and glioblastomas. Surprisingly, we observed Epo mRNA expression in all hemangioblastoma specimens analyzed, but in none of four glioblastomas. In contrast, VEGF mRNA was expressed in all hemangioblastomas and all glioblastomas. In situ hybridization revealed neoplastic stromal cells as Epo- and VEGF-producing cells in hemangioblastomas. These results suggest that in the nonhypoxic microenvironment of hemangioblastoma, Epo, similar to VEGF, might be negatively regulated by the VHL gene product. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.