Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fitness of Three Ballota Species (Lamiacea) Growing in Saint Catherine Protectorate, Egypt

Ballota undulata, B. kaiseri, and B. saxatilis are very rare species grow in small-sized populations. As small populations tend to be subject to an increased probability of stochastic extinction due to demographic, environmental and genetic factors, this study aimed to figure out if Ballota populations suffer reduced fitness and its correlation or association with genetic diversity and mating parameters. Also, it aimed to investigate if there is significant difference in fitness between the three species of Ballota. Correlations and association between fitness, population size, genetic variation, and mating system parameters were tested using Spearman correlation and simple regression analyses. Stepwise regression analyses were used to identify useful predictors for fitness. The results revealed that Ballota populations’ fitness is generally low to very low with no significant difference between the three Ballota species. There was no detected relationship between B. undulata fitness or population size and observed or expected heterozygosity. While there was no evidence for reduced fitness in Ballota populations, the study indicated that fitness is negatively associated with single locus outcrossing rate (ts) implying that Ballota populations are locally adapted. Population size was associated only with the number of alleles (A) and number of alleles per polymorphic locus (AP).
Implementation of a routine breeding value evaluation for longevity of dairy cows using survival analysis techniques.

A genetic evaluation of dairy sires based on survival analysis of the longevity of their daughters was implemented in France and in Austria. The model allows the inclusion of censored records and a correction of length of productive life for changes in culling policies over time and for voluntary culling due to low milk production. It is applicable to very large datasets.
Vertical Arrangements, Market Structure, and Competition an Analysis of Restructured U.S. Electricity Markets

This paper examines vertical arrangements in electricity markets. Vertically integrated wholesalers, or those with long-term contracts, have less incentive to raise wholesale prices when retail prices are determined beforehand. For three restructured markets, we simulate prices that define bounds on static oligopoly equilibria. Our findings suggest that vertical arrangements dramatically affect estimated market outcomes. Had regulators impeded vertical arrangements (as in California), our simulations imply vastly higher prices than observed and production inefficiencies costing over 45 percent of those production costs with vertical arrangements. We conclude that horizontal market structure accurately predicts market performance only when accounting for vertical structure.
The Aspects of “Be” in selected rap and Hip Hop lyrics: A marker of cultural identity?

The aim of this study is to investigate the use of the African American English (AAVE) verb be in lyrics written and performed by four African American rappers, Kendrick Lamar, J. Cole, Gucci Mane and Future. This paper also demonstrates how the verb be in AAVE is used by these rappers to construct cultural identity. The method used is a qualitative analysis and partly a quantitative study of the empirical data. Every instance of the verb be was written down and counted in order to examine the lyrics and to explore how often and in what context it occurs in the selected material. The result of the study shows that the copula absence has the highest rate in frequency and occurrence within the selected rap lyrics, after which comes the invariant/habitual be followed by the so-called equative copula.
Detection of blood spots in eggs by hyperspectral transmittance imaging

Blood spots are one of undesired inclusions in eggs, whose detection success is highly dependent on shell color. This research reports a method for detecting blood spots in light brown-shelled eggs on the basis of hyperspectral transmittance images. The normalized spectra of intact eggs and their shells were acquired. Five feature wavelengths of intact eggs selected by the successive projections algorithm and 3 absorption peak locations of eggshells were regarded as characteristic bands. The k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were adopted to develop detection models. The latter achieved better performance. The overall classification accuracy increased to 100% by merging normalized spectra of intact eggs at 5 feature wavelengths with 3 absorption peaks of eggshells as input variables of SVM-based model. Moreover, a practical SVM-based model with 96.43% overall classification accuracy was established by replacing inputs with normalized spectra of intact eggs at characteristic bands. Keywords: hyperspectral transmittance imaging, non-destructive detection, blood-spot, egg DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe. 20191206.5376 Citation: Feng Z, Ding C Q, Li W H, Cui D. Detection of blood spots in eggs by hyperspectral transmittance imaging. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(6): 209–214.
Mothers’ Awareness Regarding Home Care Management of a Preterm Baby at the Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil City.

Background and objectives: Preterm birth is a global health issue that occurs in every country. Every year, 15 million preterm infants are born worldwide, and one out of ten is a preterm infant. Sixty percent of preterm infants are born in developing countries. This study aimed to assess mothers' awareness regarding home care management of a preterm baby at the Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.Method: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil from the 7th of Oc-tober 2018 to the 15th of October 2019. A purposive, non-probability sampling technique was used, and 130 mothers were respectively recruited to the study. A questionnaire was developed by the researcher and the research data were collected by direct, face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, percentages, and interferential chi-square test were used to analyze the data.Results: More than half (53.8%) of the mothers were 25-33 years old and the majority (77.7%) of them were housewives. The main finding of the study is that most mothers had a neutral level of awareness regarding thermoregulation, breastfeeding, vaccinations, and recognizing danger signs. At the same time, most of the mothers were not aware of the infection prevention, and there was a very high, statistically significant association between mothers' awareness regarding thermoregulation and occupation and a type of family. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant association between the mothers' awareness regarding breastfeeding and their residency and a type of delivery, and a statistically significant association between the mothers' awareness regarding infection prevention and their occupation and economic status. Finally, there was a statistically significant association between the mothers' awareness of vaccinations and their age and the type of delivery, and there was a statistically significant association between the mothers' awareness about the danger signs and the economic status.Conclusion: The study concluded that mothers who have a preterm baby at the Rapa-reen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil have poor awareness regarding the care of their babies at home.
Keystroke Dynamics Algorithm for Securing Web-based Password Driven Systems

Web security is a critical aspect for many web-based applications, along its research track, keystroke dynamics techniques have attracted broad interests due to their high efficiency in security. In this paper, the aim was to come out with a keystroke login system that overcomes the typical challenges associated with keystroke dynamics and improves on password security but with focus on irritability nature of keystroke dynamics based systems. Specifically, we proposed two stages user matching method, training/enrolment phase of users and authenticating registered users with previously stored data. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm added dwell, flight times and multiplied by the locate time to get the upper and lower bounds. Moreover, the uniform Original Research Article Osei et al.; AJRCOS, 4(4): 1-26, 2019; Article no.AJRCOS. 53624 2 differences between the bound timings were calculated to further enhance security. Experimental results show that the proposed keystroke dynamics approach used in augmenting password security emerged to be superior as compared to existing customary distance metrics.
Exhibition Service Quality and Its Influence to Exhibitor Satisfaction

Convention & Exhibition is the fastest growing segment of the tourism market. Service quality is an important component to achieve satisfaction in the exhibition industry. The fate of the exhibition in the future depends on the satisfaction of the exhibitor of the exhibition services quality. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of exhibitors satisfaction towards the exhibition service quality of the organizers, and to determine the effect of each dimension of the exhibition services quality that affecting the exhibitor's satisfaction. Another major contribution of this research is that it can be a scientific recommendation for organizers to prepare for the next event and can also serve as a guidance framework for measuring exhibitors' satisfaction at trade fairs / trade shows. The focus of this research is PT Dyandra Promosindo, which helds an exhibition of Indonesia Future City and REI Mega Expo 2017. The research data is obtained from a sample of 73 exhibitors who participated in the exhibition. This research uses descriptive verification statistic analysis to find out the service quality given by organizer, IPA (Importance Perfomance Analysis) to find out the satisfaction of exhibitors through expectation and perception perspective, and Multiple Regression Analysis to find out the influence between variables. X as independent variable is Exhibition Service Quality which includes exhibition marketing, exhibition design, stand management, environment, service information and services personnel and Y as dependent variable is exhibitors satisfaction. The results show that the exhibition service quality is considered very important in terms of expectations and quite good from the perception, meanwhile for satisfaction it can be seen that there are some indicators that are considered not able to satisfy the exhibitors. Quadrant A (Main Priority) there are 14 indicators, Quadrant B (Maintain Achievement) there are 10 indicators, Quadrant C (Lowest Priority) there are 3 indicators and Quadrant D (Category Overload) there are 13 indicators. T test results (Partial Test) and Test F (Simultaneous Test) found that the attributes of exhibition marketing and the environment influence partially to the exhibitors satisfaction. While the six attributes in the exhibition service quality simultaneously affect the exhibitors satisfaction. Keywords—exhibition, exhibition service quality, exhibitor
Is the Co-Movement Between Budget Deficit and Current Account Deficit Applicable to South Africa?

The idea of the fiscal balance to have a statistically significant impact on the current account is known as the Twin deficits hypothesis, which this study seeks to investigate. We make use of annual macroeconomic data spanning from 1990 – 2017. Additionally, we utilise novel time-series cointegration techniques such as the ARDL Bounds and Granger causality analysis. From empirical tests, we find that a long-run relationship exists between budget deficit and current account deficit. Moreover, the real effective exchange rate, real interest rate and GDP are found to have a negative and statistically significant impact on the current account whereas the budget deficit, on the contrary, is found to have a positive and statistically significant impact on the current account deficit, at least in the short-run. Granger causality test indicates unidirectional causation from budget deficit to current account deficit, lagged one period. Given these findings, we fail to reject the Twin Deficits Hypothesis within the context of South Africa. The policy implication is for the government to fix its fiscus so as to improve the current account stance. This can be achieved through extended fiscal adjustments to bring expenditure in line with revenue, thereby stabilising debt.
Probability Matching on a Simple Simulated Foraging Task: The Effects of Reward Persistence and Accumulation on Choice Behavior

Over a series of decisions between two or more probabilistically rewarded options, humans have a tendency to diversify their choices, even when this will lead to diminished overall reward. In the extreme case of probability matching, this tendency is expressed through allocation of choices in proportion to their likelihood of reward. Research suggests that this behaviour is an instinctive response, driven by heuristics, and that it may be overruled through the application of sufficient deliberation and self-control. However, if this is the case, then how and why did this response become established? The present study explores the hypothesis that diversification of choices, and potentially probability matching, represents an overextension of a historically normative foraging strategy. This is done through examining choice behaviour on a simple simulated foraging task, designed to model the natural process of accumulation of unharvested resources over time. Behaviour was then directly compared with that observed on a standard fixed probability task (cf. Ellerby & Tunney, 2017). Results indicated a convergence of choice patterns on the simulated foraging task, between participants who acted intuitively and those who took a more strategic approach. These findings are also compared with those of another similarly motivated study (Schulze, van Ravenzwaaij, & Newell, 2017).
Mediating effects of affective organizational commitment and psychological contract in the relationship between strategic training practices and knowledge sharing

This study contributes to the development of the knowledge management and strategic training literatures through developing the linkages between them. The study sample comprised 301 employees from universities of medical sciences in Iran. Multiple and simple linear regression and path analysis were used to test the direct and mediated relationships among the variables. The study considers how motivation to learn, training attitudes, and perceived support of employees to their knowledge sharing may be shaped by their level of affective commitment and psychological contract. Results highlight significant relationships between (a) strategic training practices and affective organisational commitment, (b) affective organisational commitment and turnover intentions, (c) knowledge sharing and turnover intentions, (d) affective organisational commitment and knowledge sharing, (e) strategic training practices and psychological contract, (f) psychological contract and knowledge sharing, and (g) psychological contract and affective organisational commitment. Results reveal that whereas strategic training practices are positively related to affective organisational commitment and psychological contract, both affective organisational commitment and knowledge sharing are negatively associated with turnover intention. In addition, the results provide evidence that affective organisational commitment and psychological contract have a significant mediating effect on the relationship between strategic training practices and knowledge sharing. Managerial and practical implications of the findings are highlighted. Key words: Motivation to learn, training attitude, perceived support, affective commitment, psychological contract, knowledge sharing, and turnover intention.
USING MOLECULAR ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS AND FRONTIER ORBITALS FOR THE SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN INTERPRETATION OF FLUOXETINE

Raman and surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectra of (N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)propane-1-amine hydrochloride, fluoxetine, have been recorded. Density functional theory with the B3LYP functional was used for optimization of the ground state geometry, calculation of the Raman normal modes of this molecule and the modelling of the SERS effect. Calculated geometrical parameters of fluoxetine fit well with the experimental ones. Based on the recorded data, the DFT results and a normal coordinate analysis based on a scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) force field approach, a complete vibrational assignment of fluoxetine as well as its adsorption behavior on a silver surface (using SERS selection rules) is derived.
Do corporations care? Corporate Social Responsibility and firm’s engagement

What are the firm’s determinants to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? Under what conditions is it likely to occur? Evidence suggests three possible mechanisms that affect a firm’s engagement in csr: the role of growth in value added within an industry, peer effects and workers’ attitudes. Results are consistent with the institutional framework theory, which suggests that firms engage in CSR practices in times of economic prosperity. Further evidence shows that peer effects are also relevant on a firm’s decision to take part in csr. Regarding workers’ attitudes, this paper provides evidence of a weak link between labor force preferences and a firm’s decision to engage in CSR.
Mitigation of Flow Maldistribution in Minichannel and Minigap Heat
 Exchangers by Introducing Threshold in Manifolds

In the present paper, a detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the flow maldistribution in 50 parallel rectangular cross-section (1 mm depth and 1 mm width) minichannels and minigap section (1 mm depth and 99 mm width) with rectangular/trapezoidal manifolds in Z-type flow configuration. The author carried out numerical investigation with various mass flow rates, namely 0.05 kg/s, 0.1 kg/s and 0.2 kg/s which results in Reynolds number of 1532, 3064, 6128 respectively. A novel approach for the mitigation of non-uniform flow has been proposed introducing threshold at the entrance of the minigeometry section. The conventional case without threshold (as reference) and 1 mm, 3 mm and 7 mm threshold were introduced. The threshold has been employed by making a manifolds’ depth bigger than section’s depth. The maldistribution coefficient can be reduced twice in minigap section or three times in the minichannel section already with the 1 mm threshold as compared to the arrangement without threshold. It is found that rectangular manifold gives lower maldistribution coefficient than trapezoidal manifold which corresponds with actual state of the art. The distribution is more uniform in minichannel section than in minigap section for the same inlet parameters. To obtain uniform distribution of fluid flow should be stabilized already at the inlet manifold, at the entrance to the minichannel or minigap section. That was done by introducing the threshold in the manifolds, which is novelty of this study.
Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Behaviors of Muntok White Pepper Farmers

Entrepreneurship is one of the human capital variables of pepper farmers that plays an important role in determining the success of pepper agribusiness development in this creative era. To face the challenges of the business climate change, pepper farmers need entrepreneurship. The objectives compiled in this study are to identify the entrepreneurial characteristics of Muntok White Pepper farmers and to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on their entrepreneurial behavior in managing to farm. The study was conducted by survey method, involving 115 farmers. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results showed that the entrepreneurial characteristics of pepper farmers are risk-taking, responsive to opportunities, innovative, and motivated. Also, the results showed that the entrepreneurial characteristics of pepper farmers positively and significantly influence their entrepreneurial behavior. Furthermore, the most dominant variable reflecting their entrepreneurial characteristics is the courage to take risks. This study recommends muntok pepper farmers that they always dare to take risks, be persistent and disciplined. Additionally, knowledge and skills need to be constantly updated to grow the ability to innovate and be creative in carrying pepper cultivation activities out.
Reconceptualizing Followership Identity: Why Leadership Educators Should Care About Followership

Research into followership is becoming increasingly popular, however, many have claimed that followership is not a genuine field of inquiry as there is a lack of follower self-identity. As a result, some have gone as far as to suggest that followership should be left unexplored. In this paper, we have addressed the issue of lack of follower self-identity while arguing for the legitimacy of followership. We prescribe new ways of approaching followership, examine how these new approaches fit within the modern discourses of leadership and recommend how leadership educators should incorporate followership into their academic programs. The review has important implications for leaders, followers, leadership educators, organizations, and researchers.
Effect of some environmental conditions on the growth of rhizobium species

Rhizobium species are involved in symbiotic relationship which can be exploited in agriculture to enhance crop and pasture growth without the addition of nitrogen fertilizers. However, a number of environmental factors are known to affect the symbiotic efficiency of Rhizobium. This current study evaluated tolerance of Rhizobium species isolated from root nodules of cowpea obtained from Akure, Nigeria to variation in temperature, pH levels, salt concentrations, heavy metals as well as antibiotics. Three Rhizobium species were isolated from root nodules of Vignaunguiculata and Phaseolus vulgaris after 34 days of planting yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA). Their tolerance to environmental factors such as temperature, pH, sodium chloride, heavy metals as well as antibiotics was determined. All the isolates grew very well at 28oC, moderately at 37oC but their growth was hampered at 50o C. Maximal growth was observed at neutral pH. However, Sinorhizobium sp showed high tolerance to pH 7.0. Also, the isolates showed high tolerance to low concentration of sodium chloride (0.1%) and heavy metals with reduction in their optical density at higher concentrations. Rhizobium sp showed high level of tolerance at 4% compared to Mesorhizobium sp. and Sinorhizobium sp. Rhizobium spp. showed resistance to all the antibiotics investigated while Mesorhizobium sp. was sensitive to only to pefloxacin and sparfloxacin, while Sinorhizobium sp. was only sensitive to pefloxacin. The isolates in this study can be assessed for their suitability as inoculants forcowpea in soils below temperature 50oC and at neutral pH.