Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review on Bond Properties between Wood and Fiber Reinforced Polymer

: Retro ﬁ tting of existing ancient and modern timber structures has been an important project recently. And it triggers a need of excellent strengthening methods, so does the strengthening of newly built architecture. Traditional strengthening methods have shortcomings such as high costing and destroying the aesthetic of the structure, many of which can be overcome by means of using ﬁ ber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. However, the behavior of FRP-to-wood systems has yet to be thoroughly researched compared with their FRP-to-concrete or FRP-to-steel counterparts. As FRP retro ﬁ tting and strengthening timber structures has a promising future, better understanding of their failure modes will enable more precise designs balancing safety and cost. Three of the most common FRP-to-wood systems in the literature are discussed in this paper, namely, the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR), the near-surface mounted (NSM) and the glued-in rods (GiR) techniques. Debonding of the FRP from the substrate is one of the most common failure modes, which exhibits the signif-icance of the interface bond between FRP laminates and wood. Hence, bond properties and behavior of FRP-to-wood composite systems are described, parameters in ﬂ uencing the composite action are summarized in this paper, previous works on the bond interface of FRP and timber element are reviewed and future topics are also suggested. This work can provide a reference for future research and engineering applications.
Factors affecting adherence to treatment in children living with HIV

Background: With the successful introduction of ART, the life expectancy of children living with HIV (CLHIV) is substantially increased. However, strict compliance is a necessary step to begin with as noncompliance is again associated with its own demerits of incomplete suppression and decreasing the overall survival of the patients. Aims: The aim of this study was to measure factors associated with adherence to ART among CLHIV. Materials and Methods: This is a 1-year follow-up study conducted from November 2012 to December 2013. A total of 171 children between 18 months and 15 years living with HIV and on ART attending the two ART centers of Delhi were enrolled in the study. Adherence and factors affecting adherence were obtained from the study participants using a semi-structured interview schedule. Statistical Analysis Used: Collected data were transformed into variables and analyzed into SPSS. All observations were in terms of mean, median, standard deviations, percentages, and proportions. Tests of significance such as Chi-square test and t-test were applied wherever required. Results: In nearly 89% of the study participants, adherence to ART was ≥95% at the end of the study. The most common reason for nonadherence was forgetfulness (59%), and 57% of the parents/caretakers were facing monetary problems. Long distance, greater duration to reach center, and unavailability of the parents/caretakers were also quoted as problems. Conclusion: Adherence is genesis to successful treatment outcome and is strongly associated with availability of support by their parents/caretakers. Professional help along with guidance and encouragement is required not only at the caretaker level but also to the family as a whole.
Self-Supervised Ground-Roll Noise Attenuation Using Self-Labeling and Paired Data Synthesis

Seismic exploration is a complex process that depends on different sources of information. An essential one is seismic imaging, and much of its interpretation performance relies on high-quality processing, which is currently still very dependent on prone-to-error human mediation. Automation of such processing steps is necessary to reduce the amount of time to treat seismic data—usually months—and improve the outcome overall quality by reducing the inherent subjectivity in the process. One of the most critical steps in seismic processing is noise suppression, and ground roll is one of the most challenging and everyday noises observed in seismic prestack data. In this article, we propose a self-supervised two-step approach to attenuate ground-roll noise in seismic prestack images. First, we detect ground-roll-affected area using convolutional neural networks, and then, we filter ground-roll noise in the detected area using conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs). For each of these steps, we propose to build paired noisy/noise-free training sets with no supervision or reference data, hence creating a self-supervised pipeline for filtering ground-roll noise. Our two-stage approach enables noise suppression in the affected area while preserving the signal in unaffected areas. In addition, we propose to refactor conventional qualitative metrics in the industry into quantitative scores disregarding any reference data to evaluate ground-roll suppression for different geologies and report reliable results compared with expert filtering.
Aging Detection and State of Health Estimation of Live Power Semiconductor Devices Using SSTDR Embedded PWM Sequence

Power semiconductor switches undergo degradation due to environmental and electro-thermal stresses resulting in an impedance variation within the device. This impedance variation can be characterized using reflectometry, which is a well-known technique in electromagnetics. A condition monitoring algorithm for power devices in a live power converter using spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) method has been introduced in this article. SSTDR has been successfully used for locating transmission line faults and detecting device degradation in power converters while running at static condition. However, the rapid variation in impedance throughout the entire live converter circuit caused by fast switching makes condition monitoring more challenging while using SSTDR. This article addresses these shortcomings by proposing a novel solution that can be successfully used to identify the aging of the power devices in a live converter. SSTDR test signal was applied at various test nodes in three different circuits: a single-phase H-bridge photovoltaic inverter, a dc–dc buck converter, and a three-phase inverter. The experimental results demonstrate that the SSTDR test data are consistent with the aging of the power devices and do not affect the switching performance of the modulation process even the test signal is applied across the gate-source interface of the power mosfet. This implies that the SSTDR technique can be integrated with the gate driver module, thereby creating a new platform for an intelligent gate-driver architecture that enables real-time health monitoring of power devices while performing features offered by a commercially available driver.
Geometrid Moths of the World: A Catalogue

The Geometridae is one of the most species-rich families of Lepidoptera. This book is the first comprehensive catalogue of the 35 000 names of these insects. The primary purpose of the work is to provide a substantial body of taxonomic information, much of it previously unpublished, on the available names of the Geometridae. The catalogue is based on the most complete world classification of the geometrids, the card index to genera and species in The Natural History Museum, London. The two volumes include information on type specimens, type localities and, where possible, larval foodplants. A CD-ROM listing all species referred to in the two text volumes is included with the package and will be of great value to verify valid names and to check spelling.
Assessing Acrodont Dentition in Reptilia, with Special Attention to Replacement and Wear Adaptations

Tooth implantation has been conflated with other tooth characteristics, such as replacement, attachment, and morphology. Tooth attachment refers to the tissues that attach teeth, whilst implantation refers to the orientation of the tooth relative to the jaw. There are three main forms of tooth implantation identified in Reptilia: (1) thecodonty, where the tooth in implanted in a socket, (2) pleurodonty, the tooth is implanted against the side of the jaw, and (3) acrodonty the tooth is at the apex of the jaw; this thesis is concerned with the latter. Acrodonty has long been linked with a lack of replacement, which is because all modern acrodont reptiles do not replace their teeth; instead, they exhibit derived wear adaptations that help them counteract the loss of replacement. Here in this study, I explore the wear adaptations in extant acrodont reptiles, and analyze forms of acrodonty found within Reptilia in the Permian.
Review of Recent Studies on the Absolute and Relative Growth of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna: Similarities with the Pacific Bluefin Tuna

Abstract This study aims to clarify some aspects of the growth of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (L.), (ABFT) mainly regarding parameters of the growth equation and of relative growth, in this case length-weight relationships. There is a great volume of literature on these matters and there is a danger that the resulting confusion may give rise to mistaken decisions. In spite of the publication of 55 articles on absolute growth (FL > 50 cm), which contain a total of 43 growth equations, no consensus has yet been reached within the ABFT assessment group (AG) of the SCRS on parameters such as Lmax and L∞. The results of the present study indicate that the L∞ = 314.9 cm of the growth equation used for the western stock by the AG from 2010 (Lt = 314.9 [1 – e–0.089 (t + 1.13)]), which was discarded in 2016, lies within the confidence limits of the maximum Ls presented in this study (Lmax= 321.4 ± 8.7 cm), confirming that this equation fit the biology of the ABFT growth. With regard to the length–weight relationships, 38 articles (FL > 50 cm) have been consulted containing a total of 71 equations, but in spite of this the models adopted by the AG in 2014 underestimate the weight of spawners (>2 m) in high fattening phase by up to 23%. The coincidence of the length–weight model for the ABFT western stock, discarded by the AG in 2014, with that of Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis (T & S), (PBFT) indicates that both species must have the same growth, something that is not surprising since both were the same species until 2003. Other coincidences, such as the trend of condition factor K in adults and the growth in the first months of life, could ratify it. In the Pacific Ocean, where far fewer growth studies have been made on PBFT than on ABFT in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, the management of growth models for the purposes of stock assessment in the International Scientific Committee (ISC) makes more sense than that carried out by the SCRS on this matter.
Tslearn, A Machine Learning Toolkit for Time Series Data

tslearn is a general-purpose Python machine learning library for time series that offers tools for pre-processing and feature extraction as well as dedicated models for clustering, classification and regression. It follows scikit-learn's Application Programming Interface for transformers and estimators, allowing the use of standard pipelines and model selection tools on top of tslearn objects. It is distributed under the BSD-2-Clause license, and its source code is available at https://github.com/tslearn-team/tslearn.
A systems mechanism for KRAS mutant allele–specific responses to targeted therapy

A weak KRASG13D-NF1 interaction explains why EGFR inhibitors show efficacy in certain CRC patients. Refining precision medicine with systems biology Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) expressing the KRAS G13D mutant often respond to blockade of the growth factor receptor EGFR, whereas CRC patients with all other KRAS mutants do not. Because the reason why this treatment works is unclear in the context of known EGFR-RAS biology, clinical practice generally rejects its use for all KRAS-mutant CRC patients. However, McFall et al. used an integrated computational and biochemical approach to show that compared to other KRAS mutant proteins, KRAS G13D interacted too weakly with the protein NF1 to competitively inhibit it; therefore, wild-type RAS in KRAS G13D cells remains dependent upon EGFR for activation and for tumor growth. These findings reveal why precision medicine would benefit from a more systems-level rather than genomics-level analysis of patients. Cancer treatment decisions are increasingly guided by which specific genes are mutated within each patient’s tumor. For example, agents inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) benefit many colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, with the general exception of those whose tumor includes a KRAS mutation. However, among the various KRAS mutations, that which encodes the G13D mutant protein (KRASG13D) behaves differently; for unknown reasons, KRASG13D CRC patients benefit from the EGFR-blocking antibody cetuximab. Controversy surrounds this observation, because it contradicts the well-established mechanisms of EGFR signaling with regard to RAS mutations. Here, we identified a systems-level, mechanistic explanation for why KRASG13D cancers respond to EGFR inhibition. A computational model of RAS signaling revealed that the biophysical differences between the three most common KRAS mutants were sufficient to generate different sensitivities to EGFR inhibition. Integrated computation with experimentation then revealed a nonintuitive, mutant-specific dependency of wild-type RAS activation by EGFR that is determined by the interaction strength between KRAS and the tumor suppressor neurofibromin (NF1). KRAS mutants that strongly interacted with and competitively inhibited NF1 drove wild-type RAS activation in an EGFR-independent manner, whereas KRASG13D weakly interacted with and could not competitively inhibit NF1 and, thus, KRASG13D cells remained dependent on EGFR for wild-type RAS activity. Overall, our work demonstrates how systems approaches enable mechanism-based inference in genomic medicine and can help identify patients for selective therapeutic strategies.
Central Bank Independence and Systemic Risk

We investigate the relationship of central bank independence and banks’ systemic risk measures. Our results support the case for central bank independence, revealing that central bank independence has a robust, negative, and significant impact on the contribution and exposure of a bank to systemic risk. Moreover, the impact of central bank independence is similar for the stand-alone risk of individual banks. Secondarily, we study how the central bank independence affects the impact of selected country and banking system indicators on these systemic measures. The results show that central bank independence may exacerbate the effect of a crisis on the contribution of banks to systemic risk. However, central bank independence seems to mitigate the harmful effect of a bank’s high market power on its systemic risk contribution.
Multigrained Attention Network for Infrared and Visible Image Fusion

Methods based on generative adversarial network (GAN) have been widely used in infrared and visible images fusion. However, these methods cannot perceive the discriminative parts of an image. Therefore, we introduce a multigrained attention module into encoder–decoder network to fuse infrared and visible images (MgAN-Fuse). The infrared and visible images are encoded by two independent encoder networks due to their diverse modalities. Then, the results of the two encoders are concatenated to calculate the fused result by the decoder. To exploit the features of multiscale layers fully and force the model focus on the discriminative regions, we integrate attention modules into multiscale layers of the encoder to obtain multigrained attention maps, and then, the multigrained attention maps are concatenated with the corresponding multiscale features of the decoder network. Thus, the proposed method can preserve the foreground target information of the infrared image and capture the context information of the visible image. Furthermore, we design an additional feature loss in the training process to preserve the important features of the visible image, and a dual adversarial architecture is employed to help the model capture enough infrared intensity information and visible details simultaneously. The ablation studies illustrate the validity of the multigrained attention network and feature loss function. Extensive experiments on two infrared and visible image data sets demonstrate that the proposed MgAN-Fuse has a better performance than state-of-the-art methods.
Are Crop Coefficients for SDI Different from Those for Sprinkler Irrigation Application?

Highlights Crop coefficients for SDI scheduling for grain corn should be reduced by ~10% from those used for sprinkler irrigation. FAO 56 methods to calculate crop coefficients for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch were applicable to SDI. A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to begin rapid leaf area development about 10 days earlier than older hybrids. A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to finish earlier than older hybrids by about 15 days. Abstract. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has become an important irrigation application method in the U.S. Southern High Plains where pan evaporation exceeds 2,400 mm per year. Early research comparing SDI with spray sprinklers showed that SDI was over-applied when scheduling irrigations using crop coefficients developed using sprinkler irrigation. Thus, crop coefficients developed using SDI may be smaller than those developed using sprinkler irrigation. Grain corn was grown for two years on large, precision weighing lysimeters at Bushland, Texas, with two lysimeters irrigated by SDI and two by mid-elevation spray (MESA) irrigation. Data used in this study were for fields irrigated to replenish soil water in the top 1.5 m of the soil to field capacity, as indicated by weekly neutron probe readings (100% replenishment). Crop coefficients developed for SDI (Kc_SDI) were compared with those developed for MESA (Kc_MESA) using ASCE standardized reference ET equations. The value of Kc_SDI ranged from 0.83 to 0.89 of Kc_MESA for the two years. Values of Kc_SDI remained consistently less than Kc_MESA even after maximum leaf area index was reached, indicating that considerable evaporative loss from the soil surface occurred with MESA irrigation even after full canopy cover. When we shortened the initial period after planting from 30 to 20 d and followed FAO 56 recommendations for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch, we calculated basal Kc (Kcb) values (ETo basis) that were reasonably close to our Kc values for SDI for the crop development and early mid-season periods but were greater than our data for the later mid-season and late season periods.
The landscape of S100B+ and HLA-DR+ dendritic cell subsets in tonsils at the single cell level via high-parameter mapping

Dendritic cells (DC) (classic, plasmacytoid, inflammatory) are an intense focus of interest because of their role in inflammation, autoimmunity, vaccination and cancer. We present a tissue-based classification of human DC subsets in tonsils with a high-parameter (>40 markers) immunofluorescent approach, cell type-specific image segmentation and the use of bioinformatics platforms. Through this deep phenotypic and spatial examination, classic cDC1, cDC2, pDC subsets have been further refined and a novel subset of DC co-expressing IRF4 and IRF8 identified. Based on unique tissue locations within the tonsil, and close interactions with T cells (cDC1) or B cells (cDC2), DC subsets can be further subdivided by correlative phenotypic changes associated with these interactions. In addition, monocytes and macrophages expressing HLA-DR or S100AB are identified and localized in the tissue. This study thus provides a whole tissue in situ catalog of human DC subsets and their cellular interactions within spatially defined niches.
Examination of Goal Commitment and Subjective Happiness Levels of the Students Studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences According to Gender, Active Sport Participation and Sports Type Variables

This study was carried out to examine the goal commitment and subjective happiness levels of students studying in the faculty of sport sciences according to some variables. The research group consisted of 346 students who voluntarily participated from the faculty of sport sciences of a state university in Turkey. “Goal Commitment Scale” was used to determine the level of goal commitment of the participants, and the “Subjective Happiness Scale” was used to determine the levels of subjective happiness. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of demographic variables, Pearson correlation was used to determine the direction and strength of the variables, independent sample t-test was used for comparisons of the groups. The results of the study showed that subjective happiness levels of students differed according to gender and goal commitment levels differ depending on the active sport participation. In addition, significant and positive relationships were observed between the goal commitment and subjective happiness levels of the students and between the academic grade averages and the goal commitment levels. These results indicate that the goal commitment levels of students will increase as a result of encouraging active sports, and thus their academic success and subjective happiness may increase. This study contributes the literature by examining the target loyalties and subjective happiness levels of students studying in the faculty of sports sciences according to some variables.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND HERBICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF THE FRUTICOSE LICHEN RAMALINA FROM GUIMARAS ISLAND, PHILIPPINES

Lichens, a unique symbiosis between a mycobiont and a photobiont organism, are known to produce metabolites that can be tapped as biopesticides for agriculture. Such property of the fruticose lichen Ramalina collected within Guimaras Island, Philippines was investigated in this study. A total of 195 specimens were collected and characterized using conventional morphological and chemical analyses. These lichens were identified as Ramalina farinacea, R. roesleri, and R. nervulosa. To test their potential application in agriculture, nine lichen specimens were extracted with acetone and assayed for its inhibitory activities against test bacteria, fungi, and weedy plants. All nine lichen extracts inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>19 mm ZOI) while only seven lichen extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (13–19 mm ZOI). No inhibitory activity was observed among the fungal plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gleosporioides , and on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pectobacterium carotovorum var. carotovorum . A decrease in the root (up to 27% reduction) and shoot (up to 39% reduction) lengths, and leaf chlorophyll content (up to 44% reduction) of rice weeds Fimbristylis miliacea , Leptochloa chinensis and weedy rice ( Oryza sp.) were also observed. These results, therefore, suggested that the lichen crude extract from Ramalina is a potential biological control for weed management.