Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Calm before the Storm in CIR/Magnetosphere Interactions

[1] Intervals of extreme geomagnetic calm just prior to recurring high-speed-stream-driven storms are noted and studied. These calm intervals may be important for preconditioning the magnetosphere for the ensuing storms. It is argued that this preconditioning causes (1) a decay of the number density of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt, (2) a mass loading of the convection of the middle magnetosphere during the early phase of the storms, (3) dumping of the outer electron radiation belt by the formation of a plasmaspheric drainage plume at the onset of the storm, and (4) a contribution to the inner plasma sheet and ring current by the convection of cool dense plasma into the dipole. Calm intervals tend to occur when uncompressed slow wind passes the Earth immediately prior to the CIR. Using 73 years of geomagnetic data, it is shown that the occurrence rate of calms before recurring storms is substantially greater than random occurrence probability would predict, even though the properties of the wind that drives calms before storms are statistically similar to the properties of the wind that drives quiet intervals during solar minimum. The recurrence of storms and calms are studied and it is found that both tend to recur with a 27-day period (strongest during declining phase) and that the persistence of calm recurrence (∼3 solar rotations) is greater than the persistence of storm recurrence (∼2 solar rotations). An argument is given as to why there is a tendency for calms to occur just prior to high-speed-stream-driven storms.
Archaeology of Ancient Australia

1. The veil of Antipodean pre-history 2. Colonization of Australia 3. Early settlement across Australia 4. Extinction of Pleistocene fauna 5. Who were the first Australians? 6. Life in Pleistocene Australia 7. Tasmania isolated 8. Technology in the Holocene 9. Coastal economies in the Holocene 10. Inland economies in the Holocene 11. Arid zone economies in the Holocene 12. Population growth and mobility 13. Social identity and interaction during the Holocene 14. The ethnographic challenge: change in the last millennium.
The New Minority: White Working Class Politics in an Age of Immigration and Inequality

Surging populist politics on both sides of the Atlantic has revealed the deep dissatisfaction of many working class whites. Through the “Brexit” vote in Britain and the rise of Donald Trump in the U.S., these voters have expressed anger and discontent over their economic fortunes, the political elite, and growing social diversity. A scholar of immigration and minority politics, Justin Gest has been examining the root causes of white working class radicalization in England and the United States through both ethnographic and public opinion research. In this talk, he will present some of the main findings of his recently published book, The New Minority: White Working Class Politics in an Age of Immigration and Inequality (Oxford University Press, 2016).
Rift Valley fever, disease ecology and early warning.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) once again dramatically affected the Horn of Africa (Kenya, Somalia, and Tanzania) in 2006-2007. This outbreak was linked to unusual rainfall associated with climatic events (El Nino) which affected the populations of the mosquitoes acting as vectors and reservoirs of the disease. The disease also reappeared in Sudan in the autumn of 2007, following excessive rainfall driven by a post-El Nino and unusually warm sea temperatures in the Indian Ocean. In 2008, the disease affected southern African countries (Swaziland, South Africa) and islands in the Indian Ocean (Comoros, Mayotte Island, Madagascar). Based on near real-time climatic data, forecasting models and early warning systems were available at the continental level and proved to be efficient in raising the alert before the onset of the epidemic, at least for the coastal countries of eastern Africa. These recent events provided an opportunity to review the natural history of RVF, especially in some places where its ecology was poorly documented. FAO and WHO officers used outcomes from the different models and then identified gaps or needs that could be filled in order to improve the use of these predictions. A brainstorming meeting was organised in Rome in September 2008 to discuss adjustments and complementarities to the existing models, as forecasting and early warning systems are the keys that may provide a time window for preventive measures before amplification of the virus is out of control. (Resume d'auteur)
Prevention and Control of Influenza With Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2011

This document provides updated guidance for the use of infl uenza vaccines in the United States for the 2011– 12 infl uenza season. In 2010, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) fi rst recommended annual infl uenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months in the United States (1,2). Vaccination of all persons aged 6 months continues to be recommended. Information is presented in this report regarding vaccine strains for the 2011–12 infl uenza season, the vaccination schedule for children aged 6 months through 8 years, and considerations regarding vaccination of persons with egg allergy. Availability of a new Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved intradermally administered infl uenza vaccine formulation for adults aged 18 through 64 years is reported. For issues related to infl uenza vaccination that are not addressed in this update, refer to the 2010 ACIP statement on prevention and control of infl uenza with vaccines and associated updates (1,2). Methodology for the formulation of the ACIP annual infl uenza statement has been described previously (1). The ACIP Infl uenza Work Group meets every 2–4 weeks throughout the year. Work Group membership includes several voting members of the ACIP, as well as representatives from ACIP Liaison Organizations. Meetings are held by teleconference and include discussion of infl uenzarelated issues, such as vaccine effectiveness and safety, coverage in groups recommended for vaccination, feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and anticipated vaccine supply. Presentations are requested from invited experts, and published and unpublished data are discussed. CDC’s Infl uenza Division provides infl uenza surveillance and antiviral resistance data, and the Immunization Safety Offi ce and Immunization Services Division provide information on vaccine safety and distribution and coverage, respectively. Vaccine Strains for the 2011–12 Infl uenza Season
Bryozoa from the Ordovician erratic boulders of Poland

Ordovician bryozoans from erratic boulders of Poland are described. They represent three orders: Cyclostomata, Trepostomata and Cryptostomata. 10 families, 22 genera and 34 species have been identified. Out of these , 1 genus, 1 su bgenus and 10 species are new to scie nce. The age and the stratigraphic and geographical distribution of the forms under conside rat ion are discussed .
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF RESPONSE OF PLATE ANCHOR UNDER COMBINED LOADING

Drag anchor is an economical foundation option, although its installation procedure is not understood properly. For this reason, it is necessary to define failure envelope and failure mechanism of anchor soil under combined loading. The present study focuses on the capacity of drag anchor under unidirectional vertical, horizontal and moment loading in homogeneous clay deposit. A model of deeply embedded strip anchor exposed to combined loading is analyzed by two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) based on swipe and probe test procedure. Numerical result reveals that the failure envelope of swipe test procedure lie inside the true failure envelope of probe test under combined loading. For normal loads lower than 45% of ultimate vertical load, parallel loading as well as moment loading, dominate the failure mechanism of the plate anchor. Moreover, in this study, some remarkable soil failure mechanisms under combined loading are produced.
Effects of Stream Modification in the Seomjin River on the Fish Communities of the Dongjin River in Korea

Forty-eight fish species belonging to 38 genera and 10 families were collected along the Dongjin River from July 1982 to May 1984. The dominant species of them were Rhinogobius brunneus and Zacco platypus in the main stream and Abbottina springeri, Hemiculter eigenmanni and Moroco oxycephalus in the tributaries respectively. It was remarkable point in the distributional study of freshwater-fishes of Korea that both species of Pelteobagrus nitidus and Lefua costata were observed in the present studied areas for the first time. It was found that 6 species of Hypomesus olidus, Hemiculter eigenmanni, Pseudobagrus sp. , Liobagrus mediadiposalis, Cobitis taenia striata, and Lepomis macrochirus inhabiting the seomjin River were unstably incorporated into the fish communities at the upper reaches of the Dongjin River which the Seomjin River flow down for the water power generation. It is suggested that the integradation between two subspecies of C. taenia occurs at the intermediate water areas in the mainstream of the Dongjin River, whereas C. t. striate is remained only at the upper reaches and C. t. lutheri is lived in the lower parts of the river. Population of C. koreensis found in the mainstream was exhibited considerable differences in the color patterns on the body sides of them in comparison with other populations, which was discussed in relation to the habitat variations adapted to the confluent condition of joining the Seomjin stream with the Dongjin River.
Crime in the city centre: Patterns and perception of risk. A case study of Swansea

The city centre has diminished in importance as a retail and leisure destination due to increased competition, especially from out-of-town developments. It suffers from the disadvantages of inaccessibility and less competitive pricing. Additional to this, it is possible that the city centre is being avoided due to a fear of crime. This thesis recognises that a fear of criminal victimisation, along with a fear of intimidation has a detrimental influence on the vitality, and consequent viability of the city centre. The research takes the form of a broad contextual review of the problem. To date, this has not been undertaken for a U. K. city. The city of Swansea provides the main focus of an applied geographical study. A comparison is developed between the actual incidence of crime, as recorded by the Police, and the fear of crime within the city centre. Consequently, the survey takes on two distinct forms. Firstly, an analysis of crime records is undertaken, identifying vehicle crime, and theft from shops as principal concerns. Additionally, violent crime is recognised as a problem of the evening economy. The second part of the study takes the form of a household questionnaire survey. This identifies the use of the city centre, and the extent to which fear of crime is recognised as an issue. A geography of perceived anxiety, regarding personal safety and car crime, is constructed for both the daytime and night environments. 'Hot spots' of fear are identified at the retail periphery and at pedestrian subways. During the evening, anxieties are accentuated at concentrations of public house and night club activity. The findings of both parts of the survey are drawn together, with implications considered in terms of planning and design. As the thesis is a review of the problem, areas of possible further research are also identified.
Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model Simulations

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are inundating the upper ocean, acidifying the water, and altering the habitat for marine phytoplankton. These changes are thought to be particularly influential for calcifying phytoplankton, namely, coccolithophores. Coccolithophores are widespread and account for a substantial portion of open ocean calcification; changes in their abundance, distribution, or level of calcification could have far‐reaching ecological and biogeochemical impacts. Here, we isolate the effects of increasing CO2 on coccolithophores using an explicit coccolithophore phytoplankton functional type parameterization in the Community Earth System Model. Coccolithophore growth and calcification are sensitive to changing aqueous CO2. While holding circulation constant, we demonstrate that increasing CO2 concentrations cause coccolithophores in most areas to decrease calcium carbonate production relative to growth. However, several oceanic regions show large increases in calcification, such the North Atlantic, Western Pacific, and parts of the Southern Ocean, due to an alleviation of carbon limitation for coccolithophore growth. Global annual calcification is 6% higher under present‐day CO2 levels relative to preindustrial CO2 (1.5 compared to 1.4 Pg C/year). However, under 900 μatm CO2, global annual calcification is 11% lower than under preindustrial CO2 levels (1.2 Pg C/year). Large portions of the ocean show greatly decreased coccolithophore calcification relative to growth, resulting in significant regional carbon export and air‐sea CO2 exchange feedbacks. Our study implies that coccolithophores become more abundant but less calcified as CO2 increases with a tipping point in global calcification (changing from increasing to decreasing calcification relative to preindustrial) at approximately ∼600 μatm CO2.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF SOWING DENSITY ON WEED INFESTATION AND YIELDS OF THREE SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

The aim of this study was to estimate the quantitative indexes of stand weed infestation and yields of three cultivars of spring wheat sown in sowing densities 500 and 800 grains per 1 m 2 . The study was conducted in 2006-2009 in the gray-brown podsolic soil formed from loess. The experimental factors were three cultivars of spring wheat different in respect of morphology: Nawra, Zadra and Korynta, as well as their two sowing densities: 500 and 800 grains per 1 m 2 . Assessment of the effect of research factors on weeds occurring in stand was carried out on treatments without herbicides. State of weed infestation of stand was assessed with the quantitative-gravimetric method before spring wheat harvest. Quantitative weed infestation indexes were significantly modified by the sowing density of spring wheat. Increasing sowing density from 500 to 800 grains per 1 m 2 resulted in a decrease by 22% in the number of weeds and by 27% in their air-dry weight. Of the assessed cultivars, Korynta and Zadra showed a satisfactory competitiveness against weeds, particularly in conditions of increased sowing density (800 grains·m -2 ). No differences in yield were statistically indicated either between cultivars or depending on sowing density.
Drinking pattern among adolescents with immigrant and Norwegian backgrounds: a two-way influence?

AIMS To assess the association between drinking behaviour among adolescents with both immigrant and native backgrounds with aspects of acculturation. DESIGN Cross-sectional school survey among 15-16 year olds. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS All students, a total of 8361, in 10th grade during spring 2000 and 2001 in Oslo, Norway with response rate 88.3%. The sample consisted of 1213 students with an immigrant background and 4627 students with a Norwegian background. MEASUREMENTS Indicators of the length of the acculturation process were assessed as first versus second generation and in terms of length of stay in Norway. The proportion of Muslim students in school was an indicator of social environment 'dryness'. Drinking behaviour was assessed as drinking alcohol ever, drinking frequency and intoxication frequency. FINDINGS A smaller proportion of immigrant students were current drinkers, frequent drinkers and drank to intoxication compared with adolescents with a Norwegian background. Adjusted two-level analyses showed that alcohol drinking was less common among immigrant students with a short stay in Norway and with a large proportion of Muslim students in school. In those with a Norwegian background there was a larger proportion of abstainers, and those who drank did so less frequently and were less frequently intoxicated the larger the proportion of Muslim students there was in their school. CONCLUSION Drinking behaviour among adolescents in a multicultural and heterogeneous society seems to reflect a bi-directional acculturation process where the majority population tend to adapt to the behaviours of the immigrant population which in turn, to a varying degree, tends to adapt to the behaviour of the majority population.
Farmland Radiation Dose Distribution Map and Food Safety Inspection Systematization (国際シンポジウム特集 東日本大震災一周期記念・国際シンポジウム 震災復興メカニズムの多様性 : 日本における民間主導の復興と中国における国家主導の復興)

A prime example of the difference in measures taken by the Republic of Belarus and Japan at present is the presence of laws and regulations concerning the measurement of radioactive contamination. The preparation of laws and regulations is crucial to the organization of an inspection system. Furthermore, the most fundamental data analysis at present, the creation of a radiation dose distribution map, ought to be a core element for radioactive contamination countermeasures. Explanations for why harmful rumors created by dialogue about risk with consumers have yet to be overcome can be linked to the fact that consumers are unable to confirm their own safety. In such a situation, it is not enough to thrust upon consumers reassurance alone. Keyword : farmland radiation, food safety inspection system, nuclear disaster
A Numerical Model of Temperate Glacier Flow Applied to the Quiescent Phase of a Surge-Type Glacier

Abstract A time-dependent numerical model of temperate glacier flow without sliding is developed and applied to the quiescent phase of surge-type Variegated Glacier, Alaska. The model is based on a one-dimensional continuity equation but the transverse channel shape is explicitly included allowing the complex geometries of real glaciers to be modelled. Velocities and volume fluxes are calculated from the glacier geometry. Transverse stress is taken into account by shape factors which are fitted to measurements of geometry and velocity and are chosen to be insensitive to changes in geometry. Longitudinal stress gradients are taken into account by use of a large-scale surface slope. A Crank-Nicholson finite-difference approximation is used and it is unconditionally stable when a small contribution from the local slope is added to the average slope. Model parameters are fitted to extensive data collected on Variegated Glacier in 1973 and 1974. Predictions of the model over a four year interval agree well with field measurements. Predictions of the current quiescent phase (1965–84) indicate depth increases in the upper glacier of more than 75 m with a twenty-fold increase in the volume flux. During this interval the base shear stress increases 40% in the upper glacier and decreases 20% in the lower glacier. During the mid to late quiescent phase, ice motion becomes more important than mass balance in the redistribution of mass over the central region of the glacier. If normal flow were to persist, the predicted steady-state profile would be an average of 100 m deeper and 41% more voluminous than in 1973. The predicted base shear-stress gradient is never negative enough to satisfy Robin and Weertman’s (1973) condition for blockage of subglacial water flow. The annual rate of water production by dissipation of mechanical straining at the bed remains two orders of magnitude below that produced by summer surface melt. The predicted fractional increase in base stress during the quiescent phase is a maximum in the region believed to be the trigger zone of the surges.
Question-learn-test-feedback pattern to test emerging software construction paradigms

This habilitation introduces the question-learn-test-feedback pattern that resulted from a series of investigations in the domains of software testing and modular software construction. The contributions to these fields are of various natures, but are all fundamentally related through two major assumptions: software construction paradigms have to constantly evolve in order to deal with the increasingly complex requirements that software-intensive systems have to meet; a tester's perspective can support this evolution through the development of effective testing techniques and new empirical knowledge about these paradigms. Abstraction, modularity and separation of concerns have been advocated as key factors for rigorous software engineering for a long time. These principles have been incarnated by various software construction paradigms such as object-oriented programming and design, model-driven development and aspect-oriented modeling. These paradigms evolve in order to deal with the increasing number of heterogeneous requirements, the large number of variations and the need for adaptation that software-intensive systems have to integrate. The work presented here is about the integration of effective testing techniques in these paradigms and how this led us towards a more precise understanding of these paradigms. A major discovery in our work is that we could follow a systematic pattern when investigating these paradigms to integrate error detection capabilities. First, we have to question these paradigms about the new assumptions they introduce on software systems. When answering these questions we can can perform the following actions: learn through rigorous evaluation of hypotheses about these paradigms; test software systems developed in these new paradigms; provide feedback to the paradigms in the form of new construction techniques that improve testability. We capture these four facets for the investigation of software construction paradigms in the question-learn-test-feedback pattern (QLTF). This habilitation reports on investigations in three software construction techniques: object-oriented programming and design, aspect-oriented programming, model transformations. Each investigation is synthesized around the question-learn-test-feedback pattern.
Study of coastal eddies: application in the Gulf of Lion

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and Expendable Bathy Thermograph (XBT) data were collected during the Latex08 cruise (September 1 - 5, 2008) throughout the western part of the gulf of Lion. These data, combined with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) satellite images and Lagrangian drifter trajectories, show the presence of an intense anticyclonic eddy in the western side of the gulf. The eddy is elliptic in shape and the estimated radii are 21.5 (15.5) km for its major (minor) axis. The vertical extent of the eddy reached about 35 m depth and was limited by the bottom of the seasonal mixed layer. The eddy interacts with the Northern Current at the end of the cruise, maybe leading to its deformation. Moreover complementary drifter data suggest that this anticyclonic eddy was already present at the beginning of August 2008. Hence the eddy lasted around 50 days in the same region. Some hypothesis about the formation and behaviour of the eddy are also discussed.