Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Neutrally Buoyant Sediment Trap: Two Decades of Progress

The biological carbon flux from the ocean’s surface into its interior has traditionally been sampled by sediment traps, which physically intercept sinking particulate matter. However, the manner in which a sediment trap interacts with the flow field around it can introduce hydrodynamic biases, motivating the development of neutral, self-ballasting trap designs. Here, the performance of one of these designs, the neutrally buoyant sediment trap (NBST), is described and evaluated. The NBST has been successfully used in a number of scientific studies since a prototype was last described in the literature two decades ago, with extensive modifications in subsequent years. Originated at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the NBST is built around a profiling float and carries cylindrical collection tubes, a feature that distinguishes it from other neutral traps described in the literature. This paper documents changes to the device that have been implemented over the last two decades, including wider trap tubes; Iridium Communications, Inc., satellite communications; and the addition of polyacrylamide gel collectors and optical sedimentation sensors. Information is also provided with the intent of aiding the development of similar devices by other researchers, including the present adaptation of the concept to utilize commercially available profiling float hardware. The performance of NBSTs built around commercial profiling floats is comparable to NBSTs built around customized floats, albeit with some additional operational considerations. Data from recent field studies comparing NBSTs and traditional, surface-tethered sediment traps are used to illustrate the performance of the instrument design. Potential improvements to the design that remain to be incorporated through future work are also outlined.
Tree species identity and forest composition affect the number of oak processionary moth captured in pheromone traps and the intensity of larval defoliation

Pure forests are often seen as being more prone to damage by specialist pest insects than mixed forests, and particularly mixed forests associating host and nonhost species. We addressed the effect of tree diversity on oak colonization and defoliation by a major specialist pest, the oak processionary moth (OPM) We quantified the number of male OPM moths captured and larval defoliation in pure stands of two oak host species (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea) and in mixed stands associating the two oak species or each oak species with another nonhost broadleaved species. We conducted two complementary studies to test the effect of host species and stand composition: (i) we used pheromone trapping to compare the number of males OPM captured throughout the distribution of oak hosts in France and (ii) we noted the presence of OPM nests and estimated defoliation in mature forests of north‐eastern France. Oak species and stand composition significantly influenced the number of male OPM captured and defoliation by OPM larvae. Quercus petraea was consistently more attractive to and more defoliated by OPM than Q. robur. Both oak trees were attacked more in pure stands than in mixed stands, in particular mixed stands associating oaks with another (nonhost) broadleaved species. The results of the present study support the view that mixed forests are more resistant to specialist pest insects than pure stands, and also indicate that this trend depends on forest composition. Our study provides new insights into OPM ecology and has potential implications for forest management, including the management of urban forests where OPM causes serious human health issues.
Economic impact of ovine footrot and serological diversity and virulence of Dichelobacter nodosus in north Kashmir, India

The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and economic impact of footrot as well as to determine the serological diversity and strain differentiation of Dichelobacter nodosus in north Kashmir, India, comprising district Baramulla, Bandipora and Kupwara. The overall prevalence was 14.77% with the estimated economic impact to the tune of Rs 41 million annually to the sheep production in north Kashmir. The prevalence was highest (17.41%) in district Kupwara and lowest (12.71%) in district Bandipora while district Baramulla recorded a prevalence rate of 14.44%. Out of 300 samples collected from footrot lesions of naturally infected sheep, 150 detected positive for D. nodosus by PCR. Over all prevalence of serogroups B, E and I of D. nodosus was 92.7, 32 and 26%, respectively. Infection due to single serogroup was found in 87 samples while, 63 samples revealed mixed infection of 2 or 3 serogroups. Out of 226 isolates of D. nodosus from positive samples, 139 (61.50%) belonged to serogroup B, 48 (21.23%) to E and 39 (17.25%) to I. Virulence characterization revealed that 66.80% showed the presence of integrase (intA) gene, thus were considered as virulent strains. Serogroup wise intA gene was found in 91 (65.46%) isolates of serogroup B, 33 (68.75%) of E and 27 (69.23%) of I. These findings suggested the need for incorporation of serogroups B and E in the formulation of a vaccine to effectively combat footrot in north Kashmir.
FEEDING OF THE ANTARCTIC KRILL EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA

ABSTRACT Measurements of rates of feeding indicate that Euphausia superba can feed on particles ranging from nanophytoplankton to macrozooplankton; a typical animal of 120 mg dry weight processes about 450 ml water per h and ingests at a maximum about 10% of its body carbon per day. A food concentration of about 100 µg carbon 1–1 allows the animal to ingest its minimum food requirement of 2.3% body carbon per day. Measurements of 210Po and 210Pb indicate krill from Bransfield Strait in February 1982 were feeding herbivorously. Photographic analysis of the thoracic legs employed by E. superba for feeding indicates that the mechanical power required to extract phytoplankton from the water ranges up to about 30% of its total respiratory energy.
Real Exchange Rate Dynamics Beyond Business Cycles

We examine how medium-term movements in real exchange rates and GDP vary with international financial conditions. For this purpose, we study the international transmission of productivity shocks across a variety of IRBC models that incorporate different assumptions about the persistence of productivity shocks, the degree of international risk sharing and access to international asset markets. Using a new global solution method, we demonstrate that the transmission of productivity shocks depends critically on the proximity of a national economy to its international borrowing limit. We then show that this implication of the IRBC model is consistent with the behavior of the US-UK real exchange rate and GDP over the past 200 years. The model also produces a negative correlation between relative consumption growth and real depreciation rate consistent with more recent data, and hence offers a resolution of the Backus-Smith puzzle.
Examining the Experiences of Individuals Living in Low Income Using a Fee Assistance Program to Access Physical Activity and Recreation

ABSTRACT The purpose of this project was to examine the experiences of participants enrolled in a fee assistance program for recreation in Mississauga, Canada. Adults living in low income (N = 24) who were registered with ActiveAssist engaged in individual semi-structured interviews and data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Benefits associated with ActiveAssist included affordable access to recreation, community involvement, and benefits for children and immigrants. Several barriers along with suggestions for improvement were also identified. Increasing communication about the program and partnering with other community initiatives appears vital to increasing access to recreation for individuals living in low income.
Low Temperature Biology of Insects: Oxygen: Stress and adaptation in cold-hardy insects

Oxygen is critical to insect life. Oxygen-based respiration offers a tremendous advantage for cellular energetics by supporting high-efficiency production of ATP from the complete oxidation of substrates to CO2 and H2O and is an absolute requirement for powering insect flight muscles. However, once tied to aerobic respiration, organisms have to deal with various consequences of an oxygen-based life, including oxygen limitation (hypoxia, anoxia), oxygen overabundance (hyperoxia) and oxygen in its many reactive forms (e.g. superoxide, hydroperoxides, hydroxyl radical, etc.). The last cause oxidative stress, one of the most pervasive forms of cellular stress, since reactive oxygen species (ROS) can attack and damage most types of cellular macromolecules. This chapter looks at insect cold-hardiness from the point of view of the oxygen-related issues that are important for winter survival. We examine hypoxia/anoxia, freeze-induced ischemia, mitochondria, metabolic-rate depression, oxidative stress and antioxidants as they relate to the low-temperature biology of insects.Oxygen challenges in winterAlthough there are some unique insect solutions for dealing with winter (e.g. migration of monarch butterflies to Mexico or shivering thermogenesis to provide central heating for honey bee colonies), terrestrial insects generally employ three basic options (sometimes in combination) to survive the cold winter months – underground hibernation below the frostline (in burrows or by digging), freeze-avoidance by supercooling, or freeze-tolerance.
The effect of organizational culture and HR practices on female managers’ commitment and job satisfaction

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationships among organizational culture, human resources (HR) practices and female managers’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction in South Korea. Design/methodology/approach Using data obtained from the Korean Women Manager Panel, 230 responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The findings indicated that organizational culture directly affected HR practices and indirectly affected job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In addition, HR practices directly influenced job satisfaction and organizational commitment and indirectly affected organizational commitment through job satisfaction. Finally, job satisfaction had a direct and significant effect on organizational commitment. Originality/value The authors provide an empirical analysis of how organizational culture and functional factors influence organizational commitment and job satisfaction for female managers in the Korean context. The findings of this paper are expected to encourage scholars to pay more attention to the connection between organizational support and HR interventions to improve female managers’ commitment and satisfaction within organizations by emphasizing the alignment between organizational culture and HR practices.
Temporal associations between physical activity, mental activity and fatigue dimensions in knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory intensive longitudinal study

ABSTRACT Background: Fatigue may include both physical and mental dimensions. Evidence suggests that physical and mental activity may influence fatigue in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, how physical and mental activities relate to fatigue dimensions in knee OA is unclear. Purpose: This study estimated intra-day contributions of physical and mental fatigue to general fatigue and evaluated temporal associations between physical activity, mental activity and fatigue dimensions in knee OA. Methods: An intensive longitudinal study combined with ecological momentary assessment of mental activity intensity and fatigue dimensions was conducted on 23 participants with knee OA. Physical activity was monitored continuously with an accelerometer over 7 days. Results: Physical fatigue contributed 33% more to general fatigue earlier in the day than mental fatigue, and 11% more near the end of the day. Within-day, previous general fatigue significantly and negatively predicted: future step counts, light intensity physical activity time, and light intensity physical activity + standing time. We found a significant bidirectional association between mental activity and general fatigue, a positive association between mental activity and mental fatigue and a significant negative association between mental fatigue and mental activity. Conclusion: Within-day general fatigue may be a significant fatigue dimension that reduces physical activity. Conversely there was no evidence that physical activity might contribute to lower scores on any fatigue dimensions in this population. To manage general fatigue, physical and mental fatigue might have to be targeted more precisely at different time of the day.
Are You Environmentally Conscious Enough to Differentiate between Greenwashed and Sustainable Items? A Global Consumers Perspective

Environmentally sustainable (green) products are frequently advertised to consumers, yet it is debatable whether the consumers are aware whether these green labelled products are environmentally friendly or not. Greenwashing is a phenomenon used by companies to sell their products. Through stratified (probability) and purposive and convenience (non-probability) sampling techniques, an online survey was circulated to gather information from 768 participants from the UK, Canada, and Pakistan to determine consumers’ perspectives on subjects including awareness, trust, and effectiveness regarding greenwashed labelled products. The results were tested using the Chi-Square test for ranked data and structural equation modelling (SEM) for ordinal data. The study found that participants ranking themselves High environmentalists in comparison to Low and Moderate environmentalists, despite being skeptical, fall into the trap of identifying greenwashed products as sustainable. It has been proven that greenwashing negatively impacts the green purchasing behavior of the consumers. Participants reported that products are believed to be sustainable due to the overall perception of the product labelled as greenwashed. There is statistical evidence that purchase intent is not affected by greenwashing. It is also reported that younger people in comparison to older people have less trust and often believe greenwashing is problematic. Consumers were found to be vulnerable and more sensitive when their attention was drawn towards greenwashing. There is a need to educate consumers and improve policies to ensure consumers understand the real labels as greenwashed products are used in daily life.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade on Economic Growth: Empirical Study in Vietnam

The study aims to assess the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade (export and import) on Vietnam's economic growth for the 2000-2018 period. Secondary data is taken from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Ordinary least-square method is used in analyzing the impact of FDI, export and import on economic growth of Vietnam. Empirical test results show that FDI and international trade are related to Vietnam's economic growth. However, each economic variable has a different impact. FDI has a positive and statistically significant influence on economic growth of Vietnam. Export also has positive and statistically significant impact to the economic growth, while import has a negative but not statistically significant effect. The result is useful for the policy makers of Vietnam on foreign economic relations. In order to improve the effect of FDI and international trade on growth of the economy, the government of Vietnam should: (1) continue applying preferential policies to attract FDI; (2) select foreign investors aiming to quality, efficiency, high technology and environmental protection; (3) continue pursuing export-oriented policy; (4) enhance the added value of exported goods and control the type of imported goods; (5) further liberalize trade through signing and implementation of international trade commitments.
Defect-mediated turbulence in bubbly Taylor-Couette flow

We investigate experimentally the defect-mediated turbulence (DMT) which is induced by bubbles injection in a Taylor-Couette ﬂow when the inner cylinder is rotating while the outer cylinder is ﬁxed. Bubbles of 1.2 mm in diameter are injected at the bottom of a Taylor-Couette device of radii ratio equal to 0.91. The tangential Reynolds number range is [2 200 , 19 300] and the air injection rate varies up to 800 ml/min. For these conditions of the experiments, bubbles are trapped in the gap by the Taylor vortices and arranged as patterns (toroidal, wavy toroidal, spirals, and wavy spirals). Visualizations of the bubble patterns were carried out. When decreasing the Reynolds number or increasing the air injection rate, spiral and toroidal patterns can coexist in a composite ﬂow. Defects occur in the bubble’s patterns (merging or splitting of the Taylor vortex pairs). By analyzing the space-time diagram of bubbles patterns and their complex demodulation, we highlight different regimes and transitions in the DMT of the bubbly Taylor-Couette ﬂow. The control parameter of the transitions is the air volumetric fraction, which evolves as the ratio between the axial injection Reynolds number and the tangential Reynolds number. By increasing the air volumetric fraction, the defects in the DMT ﬂows are classiﬁed as three ﬂow regimes: (i) structured composite ﬂow where the defects are periodic in space and time, (ii) intermittency defects chaos where the defects zones alternate randomly with the patterns in time and space, and (iii) developed defects chaos with a large defects density. The statistical properties of these three regimes of the DMT are analyzed in the framework of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation.
I Like What She’s #Endorsing: The Impact of Female Social Media Influencers’ Perceived Sincerity, Consumer Envy, and Product Type

Abstract In an examination of influencer success, the current research draws from brand personality literature and identifies social media influencers (SMIs) as human brands. Specifically, this research examines how an influencer’s perceived sincerity trait and consumer envy influence consumers’ evaluations toward the influencer as well as brand endorsements across different product types. Data indicate that participants report a more favorable attitude toward a high-sincerity SMI, and envy was a significant moderator that enhanced participants’ attitude toward a low-sincerity influencer. In addition, whereas brand attitude did not differ by influencers’ sincerity levels for a symbolic product, the high-sincerity influencer was more effective in eliciting favorable brand attitude from participants when endorsing a utilitarian product. Implications of the findings are discussed with suggestions for future research.
Influence of different doses and methods of boron application on number of branches and yield per plot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Kufri Surya in varied altitudes of Andhra Pradesh

The present investigation was carried out at three different locations of Andhra Pradesh during rabi, 2016 and 2017 to study the effect of different doses and methods of boron application on growth, yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plants were treated with different doses and three different methods of boron application viz., soil application @ 10, 15, 20 kg ha-1, tuber dipping in 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 % borax solutions, foliar application of borax concentrations 100, 200 and 300 ppm were freshly prepared and were sprayed at 30 DAP and control treatment. The results revealed that maximum number of branches at 30 DAP, 60 DAP, before harvesting (80 DAP) and yield per plot were recorded with soil application of borax @ 20 kg ha-1 (T4) during both the years of experimentation (2016-17 and 2017-18) and in pooled analysis.
Hybrid Simulations of Solar Wind Proton Precipitation to the Surface of Mercury

We examine the effects of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation and solar wind dynamic pressure on the solar wind proton precipitation to the surface of Mercury using a hybrid‐kinetic model. We use our model to explain observations of Mercury's neutral sodium exosphere and compare our results with MESSENGER observations. For the typical solar wind dynamic pressure at Mercury our model shows a high proton flux precipitates through the magnetospheric cusps to the high latitudes on both hemispheres on the dayside, centered near the noon meridian with ∼11° latitudinal extent in the north and ∼21° latitudinal extent in the south, which is consistent with MESSENGER observations. We show that this two‐peak pattern is controlled by the radial component (Bx) of the IMF and not the Bz. Our model suggests that the southward IMF and its associated magnetic reconnection do not play a major role in controlling plasma precipitation to the surface of Mercury through the cusps. We found that the total precipitation rate through both of the cusps remain constant and independent of the IMF orientation. We also show that the solar wind proton incidence rate to the entire surface of Mercury is higher when the IMF has a northward component and nearly half of the incidence flux impacts the low latitudes on the nightside. During extreme solar events (e.g., coronal mass ejections), our model suggests that over 70 nPa solar wind dynamic pressure is required for the entire surface of Mercury to be exposed to the solar wind plasma.
Troposphere‐Stratosphere Coupling in Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal Models and Its Importance for a Realistic Extratropical Response to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

The representation of upward and downward stratosphere‐troposphere coupling and its influence on the teleconnections of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) to the European sector is examined in five subseasonal‐to‐seasonal models. We show that while the models simulate a realistic stratospheric response to transient anomalies in troposphere, they overestimate the downward coupling. The models with a better stratospheric resolution capture a more realistic stratospheric response to the MJO, particularly after the first week of the integration. However, in all models examined here the connection between the MJO and vortex variability is weaker than that observed. Finally, we focus on the MJO‐SSW (sudden stratospheric warming) teleconnection and specifically initializations during the MJO phase with enhanced convection in the west/central pacific (i.e., 6 and 7) that preceded observed SSW. The integrations that simulated a SSW (as observed) can be distinguished from those that failed to simulate a SSW by the realism of the Pacific response to MJO 6/7, with only the simulations that successfully simulate a SSW capturing the North Pacific low. Furthermore, only the simulations that capture the SSW subsequently simulate a realistic surface response over the North Atlantic and Europe.