Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beginnings of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM): Computational Artifice Assisting Scientific Inquiry and Clinical Art – with Reflections on Present AIM Challenges

Summary Background: The rise of biomedical expert heuristic knowledge-based approaches for computational modeling and problem solving, for scientific inquiry and medical decision-making, and for consultation in the 1970’s led to a major change in the paradigm that affected all of artificial intelligence (AI) research. Since then, AI has evolved, surviving several “winters”, as it has oscillated between relying on expensive and hard-to-validate knowledge-based approaches, and the alternative of using machine learning methods for inferring classification rules from labelled datasets. In the past couple of decades, we are seeing a gradual but progressive intertwining of the two. Objectives: To give an overview of early directions in AI in medicine and threads of some subsequent developments motivated by the very different goals of scientific inquiry for biomedical research, and for computational modeling of clinical reasoning and more general healthcare problem solving from the perspective of today’s “AI-Deep Learning Boom”. To show how, from the beginning, AI was central to Biomedical and Health Informatics (BMHI), as a field investigating how to understand intelligent thinking in dealing professionally with the practice for healthcare, developing mathematical models, technology, and software tools to aid human experts in biomedicine, despite many previous bouts of “exuberant optimism” about the methodologies deployed. Methods: An overview and commentary on some of the early research and publications in AI in biomedicine, emphasizing the different approaches to the modeling of problems involved in clinical practice in contrast to those of biomedical science. A concluding reflection of a few current challenges and pitfalls of AI in some biomedical applications. Conclusion: While biomedical knowledge-based systems played a critical role in influencing AI in its early days, 50 years later they have taken a back seat behind “Deep Learning” which promises to discover knowledge structures for inference and prediction, both in science and for clinical decision-support. Early work on AI for medical consultation turned out to be more useful for explanation and teaching than for clinical practice, as had been originally intended. Today, despite the many reported successes of deep learning, fundamental scientific challenges arise in drawing on models of brain science, cognition, and language, if AI is to augment and complement rather than replace human judgment and expertise in biomedicine while also incorporating these advances for translational medicine. Understanding clinical phenotypes and how they relate to precision and personalization of care requires not only scientific inquiry, but also humanistic models of treatment that respond to patient and practitioner narrative exchanges, since it is the stories and insights of human experts which encourage what Norbert Weiner termed the ethical “human use of human beings”, so central to adherence to the Hippocratic Oath
Risk governance and bank risk of public commercial banks of OECD

This study investigates the impact of risk governance on bank risk within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) public commercial banks. Utilizing Knight’s (1921) distinction between risk and uncertainty, it emphasizes the roles of key figures like bank directors, the chief risk officer (CRO), and the chief financial officer (CFO) in risk management. The research employs multivariate regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to reveal a positive correlation between risk governance and the Tier 1 capital ratio, indicating that effective governance leads to reduced bank risk and increased financial stability. This finding is consistent with Aebi et al.’s (2012) study on risk management and bank performance. These results underscore the crucial role of robust risk governance in banking, suggesting that enhanced governance practices can significantly mitigate risks. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence supporting the quantification of risk through governance mechanisms, aligning with, and enriching current theoretical frameworks. While highlighting the importance of these findings, the study also acknowledges its limitations, such as potential endogeneity issues, and suggests directions for future research to expand the understanding of risk governance’s impact on bank behavior, including the exploration of additional variables and the integration of qualitative methodologies. This research holds significant implications for banking institutions and regulatory bodies, advocating for a deeper examination of risk governance strategies in banking.
Deep Residual Inception Encoder–Decoder Network for Medical Imaging Synthesis

Image synthesis is a novel solution in precision medicine for scenarios where important medical imaging is not otherwise available. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is an ideal model for this task because of its powerful learning capabilities through the large number of layers and trainable parameters. In this research, we propose a new architecture of residual inception encoder–decoder neural network (RIED-Net) to learn the nonlinear mapping between the input images and targeting output images. To evaluate the validity of the proposed approach, it is compared with two models from the literature: synthetic CT deep convolutional neural network (sCT-DCNN) and shallow CNN, using both an institutional mammogram dataset from Mayo Clinic Arizona and a public neuroimaging dataset from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Experimental results show that the proposed RIED-Net outperforms the two models on both datasets significantly in terms of structural similarity index, mean absolute percent error, and peak signal-to-noise ratio.
Characteristics of bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil in Fe-deficient citrus growing in coastal saline-alkali land

Aims Citruses often occur with imbalance in iron nutrition in coastal saline-alkali lands, which severely limits the yield and quality of the fruit. In the rhizosphere, the salt content plays a crucial role in reducing uptake of iron, as well as the activity and abundance of bacteria. However, few studies have explored how salt content affects the effectiveness of iron and the community structure of bacteria across different vertical spatial scales. Methods We investigated the citrus rhizosphere (0–30 cm) and bulk (0–60 cm) soil microenvironments of the coastal saline soil were analyzed using the 16S rRNA amplicon and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Results We found that the nutrient-related elements in the rhizosphere and bulk soil decreased with increasing soil depth, while the salinity-related elements showed the opposite trend. The nutrient-related element content in the rhizosphere was higher than that in the bulk, whereas the salinity-alkaline-related element content was lower than that in the bulk. The structure and diversity of bacterial communities are affected by the rhizosphere and soil depth. In the bulk, there are enriched bacteria such as WB1-A12, Nitrospiraceae and Anaerolineae that are tolerant to salt-alkali stress. In the rhizosphere, bacteria that promote plant nutrient absorption and secretion of iron carriers, such as Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Duganella, are prominent. Conclusions The soil depth and rhizosphere affect soil nutrients and saline alkali-related factors. Changes in soil depth and rhizosphere determine the structure and diversity of bacterial communities. Rhizosphere enhances iron absorption promoting bacteria to alleviate iron deficiency stress in saline-alkali soils. Our results indicate that citrus roots maybe can resist the stress of iron deficiency in saline-alkali soils by enhancing iron absorption promoting bacteria.
A Novel Peptide from Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) to Suppress Metastasis and Vasculogenic Mimicry of Tumor Cells and Enhance Anti-Tumor Effect In Vitro

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formed by tumor cells plays a vital role in the progress of tumor, because it provides nutrition for tumor cells and takes away the metabolites. Therefore, the inhibition of VM is crucial to the clinical treatment of tumors. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of a novel peptide, KVEPQDPSEW (AATP), isolated from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) on HT1080 cells by migration, invasion analysis and the mode of action. The results showed that AATP effectively inhibited MMPs by blocking MAPKs and NF-κB pathways, leading to the downregulation of metastasis of tumor cells. Moreover, AATP significantly inhibited VM and pro-angiogenic factors, including VEGF and MMPs by suppression of AKT/mTOR signaling. In addition, molecular docking was used to study the interaction of AATP and HIF-1α, and the results showed that AATP was combined with an active site of HIF-1α by a hydrogen bond. The effect of AATP on anti-metastatic and anti-vascular in HT1080 cells revealed that AATP may be a potential lead compound for treatment of tumors in the future.
Effect of nano fertilizer and nano mixed micronutrients for yield and quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

The research work entitled “Effect of nano fertilizer and nano mixed micronutrients for yield and quality of Rabi Onion ( Allium cepa L.) variety “Agri found light red” was conducted at SHUATS, Prayagraj during the Rabi seasons of 2021 and 2022. The experimental design employed a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with one factor focusing on the application of nano mixed micronutrients and the other on the application of nano fertilizers. The nano mixed micronutrients given were M 0 -control; M 1 -0.2 ml/ L of nano mix micronutrient/L of water as foliar application; M 2 -0.4 ml/L of nano mix micronutrient/ L of water as foliar application; M 3 -0.6 ml/ L of nano mix micronutrient/L of water as foliar application. The nano-fertilizers treatment given were F 0 - Control (without fertilizer); F 1 - 100% RDF as traditional fertilizer; F 2 -5 ml/ L each of Nano NPK/ L of water as foliar application; F 3 - 4 ml/L each of Nano NPK/ L of water as foliar application; F 4 - 3 ml/L each of Nano NPK/ L of water as foliar application. 50% traditional fertilizers were applied in all treatments excluding control. From the experimental findings it was concluded that interaction effect of F 2 M 3 (5 ml/L each of Nano NPK/L of water as foliar application+6 ml/L of Nano mix micronutrients) performed best for Bulb polar diameter (cm) a showed maximum (6.36 cm.). Among showed that the maximum Bulb equatorial diameter (7.41 cm) in term of quality parameters like TSS among the treatment at (14.85 0 Brix) and titrable acidity (%) among the treatment at (0.26%).
Intracellular Aluminium in Inflammatory and Glial Cells in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Case Report

(1) Introduction: In 2006, we reported on very high levels of aluminium in brain tissue in an unusual case of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The individual concerned had been exposed to extremely high levels of aluminium in their potable water due to a notorious pollution incident in Camelford, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. The recent development of aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy has now allowed for the location of aluminium in this brain to be identified. (2) Case Summary: We used aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy in parallel with Congo red staining and polarised light to identify the location of aluminium and amyloid in brain tissue from an individual who had died from a rare and unusual case of CAA. Aluminium was almost exclusively intracellular and predominantly in inflammatory and glial cells including microglia, astrocytes, lymphocytes and cells lining the choroid plexus. Complementary staining with Congo red demonstrated that aluminium and amyloid were not co-located in these tissues. (3) Discussion: The observation of predominantly intracellular aluminium in these tissues was novel and something similar has only previously been observed in cases of autism. The results suggest a strong inflammatory component in this case and support a role for aluminium in this rare and unusual case of CAA.
Zinc oxide nanocrystals as a nanoantibiotic and osteoinductive agent

In this paper we aim to analyse the behaviour of ZnO nanocrystals (ZnO NCs), prepared with a new synthetic approach and not embedded in any composite matrix, for bone implant applications in vitro. In particular, we have developed a novel, fast and reproducible microwave-assisted synthesis, to obtain highly-crystalline, round-shaped ZnO NCs of 20 nm in diameter as an extremely-stable colloidal solution in ethanol. The nanocrystals were also partially chemically functionalized by anchoring amino-propyl groups to the ZnO surface (ZnO–NH2 NCs). Thus, the role of both ZnO NC concentration and surface chemistry were tested in terms of biocompatibility towards pre-osteoblast cells, promotion of cell proliferation and differentiation, and also in terms of antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The results suggest that ZnO–NH2 NCs is the most promising candidate to solve infectious disease in bone implants and at the same time promote bone tissue proliferation, even at high concentrations. Although further investigations are needed to clarify the mechanism underlying the inhibition of biofilm formation and to investigate the role of the ZnO–NH2 NCs in in vivo assays, we demonstrated that fine and reproducible control over the chemical and structural parameters in ZnO nanomaterials can open up new horizons in the use of functionalized ZnO NCs as a highly biocompatible and osteoinductive nanoantibiotic agent for bone tissue engineering.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reverse Diabetic Nephropathy Disease via Lipoxin A4 by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β)/smad Pathway and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment has been proved to be effective in DN models by protecting renal function and preventing fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Previous research indicated diabetes and associated complications may be attributed to failed resolution of inflammation, which is deliberately regulated by pro-resolving lipids, including lipoxins (LXs), resolvins (Rv) D and E series, protectins, and maresins. In this study, we monitored pro-resolving mediators in a DN model to explore the mechanism of MSCs treatment. Material/Methods The DN model was induced by STZ injection in SD rats. UPLC-MS/MS was performed to determine pro-resolving lipids in kidney tissue and serum of DN model before and after MSCs treatment, as well as in supernatants of HBZY-1-MSCs co-culture. Results LXA4 was highly accumulated in renal tissue of DN rats with MSCs treatment; ex vivo, LXA4 was significantly increased in the supernatants of HBZY-1 cells co-cultured with MSCs in a high-glucose (HG) medium. Western blot analysis indicated that ALX/FPR2, the receptor of LXA4, was markedly expressed in renal tissue of the DN-MSC group and HBZY-1 after incubating with MSCs in HG. Intraperitoneal injection of LXA4 inhibited renal fibrosis by targeting TGF-β/Smad signaling and downregulated serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ in DN rats. Notably, all the protective effects induced by MSCs or LXA4 were abolished by ALX/FRP2 blocking. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that MSCs intervention prevented DN procession via the LXA4-ALX/FPR2 axis, which inhibited glomerulosclerosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines, eventually contributing to kidney homeostasis.
Compare Fuhrman Nuclear and Chromophobe Tumor Grade on Chromophobe RCC

Abstract Background Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) has a favorable prognosis. Due to irregular nuclei and nuclear pleomorphism, chRCC has a high Fuhrman nuclear grade (FNG). The chromophobe tumor grade (CTG) is a novel three-tier grading system that has been reported to be a better prognosticator than the traditional FNG. We compared the two nuclear grading systems in terms of patients’ clinical outcomes. Patients and Method We performed this retrospective chart review of all patients with chRCC from 2000 to 2017. All pathologic features and CTG and FNG results were re-evaluated. Result Eighteen patients’ records were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 70.6 months. The nuclear grading distribution was as follows: FNG 2, 56%; FNG 3, 39%; FNG 4, 5%; CTG 1, 78%; CTG 2, 17%; and CTG 3, 6%. Only one patient died. This patient had adrenal invasion, lung metastasis, sarcomatoid change and tumor necrosis, and the tumor was graded as FNG 4 and CTG 3. Overall survival was associated with both FNG and CTG. Conclusion Chromophobe RCC was associated with a low rate of cancer-specific death and sarcomatoid differentiation. Both FNG and CTG were associated with overall survival.
Clinical effectiveness and speed of response of electroconvulsive therapy in treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been shown to be efficacious for patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia, there has been limited evidence on the rate of response, cognition, and quality‐of‐life outcomes. The primary aims of the present study were thus to examine the effectiveness and speed of response to ECT in a naturalistic retrospective cohort in patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia.
The Postoperative Speech Intelligibility Evaluation of Modified Z-Plasty Palatoplasty

Abstract The aim of the present study is to test the feasibility of modified Z-plasty palatoplasty for cleft palate repair in surgeries and provide a new surgical method. Forty cleft palate patients were selected as participants and divided into 2 groups in random. Twenty patients in the experiment group were treated by modified Z-plasty palatoplasty while the other 20 patients in the control group by double opposing Z-plasty and Sommerlad palatoplasty. By evaluating and observing postoperative velopharyngeal movement, speech intelligibility, nasal leaking, analysis of CSL (Computer Structure Language) and X-ray velopharyngeal lateral radiographs, Modified Z-plasty palatoplasty achieved better results than traditional operation. Satisfactory linguistic effects on incomplete cleft palate can be observed after modified Z-plasty palatoplasty treatment. So this method may be used as a clinical choice.
IMC-PID Design of DC-DC Converters Exhibiting Non-minimum phase Characteristics

This paper investigates the IMC (Internal Model Control) based PID tuning with first order filter for DC-DC converters exhibiting non-minimum phase (NMP) characteristics. The bandwidth of these converters are confined due to the presence of RHP (Right Half Plane) zero in output voltage to duty cycle transfer function. So, it is challenging task for any control method. Here, in this work the maximum achievable bandwidth is obtained based on their transfer functions. Alongside, IMC based PID controller designed which is having some prominent features like any bandwidth can be achieved (up to maximum achievable bandwidth) and the PID parameters, filter coefficient (λ) are obtained directly without any assumptions. The complete analysis are verified by simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK and also validated through experiments.
Energy-Saving Occupant-Feedback Control Method Under Preferred Air-Conditioner Settings of Occupants

This study evaluates an occupant-feedback control method under preferred air-conditioner settings of occupants. We performed an experiment where this method was actually used on inverter air-conditioners in multi-occupancy office rooms in Japan in summer and winter for the case where the set-point temperatures of the air-conditioners could be changed freely by occupants. In this experiment, the method estimated acceptable set-point temperatures from data from the previous execution step and applied an energy-saving acceptable set-point temperature to the air-conditioners three times per day for a given period. To evaluate this method, which can be regarded as a nudge, we randomly allocated days where this method was and was not used. To determine the effectiveness of this method, we performed statistical analysis of the set-point temperatures and energy consumption analysis of the air-conditioners. The results showed excessive use of the air-conditioners during days without this method and mitigation of the excessive set-point temperatures by this method. Possible reduction of energy consumption by this method was obtained, whereas some difficulties in the field study, such as uncontrollable usage of meeting rooms, prevented obtaining clear results for the energy-saving by this method. Our findings suggest that a slight change of set-point temperatures may likely lead to energy-saving under preferred HVAC settings of occupants, indicating that statistical analysis of HVAC settings is helpful in confirming the effectiveness of the occupant-feedback control methods under actual HVAC usage.
Partially Liquid Interconnects With The Au–Ge System – Mechanical Strength and Electrical Resistivity

Off-eutectic Au–Ge, $10 \pm 2$ at. % Ge, were formed between Au metallized Si substrates to investigate their high temperature compatibility. High quality joints made with a small bond pressure, 53 kPa, were fabricated. The joints comprised three different types of morphologies; (1) a layered structure of Au / Au–Ge / Au, (2); a layered structure of Au / Au–Ge / Au where some sections of the central Au–Ge band were replaced by a Au section that extended across the joint, and (3); a roughly homogenous Au layer. Joints formed with a higher bond line pressure, 7.6 MPa, were of a reduced quality with voids and cracks at the original bond line. The shear strength of the fabricated joints was found to be at least 50 MPa, and the fracture mode was an adhesive fracture at the adhesion layer. The effective melting point were found to be at least 460°C, or 100°C above the eutectic isotherm of the binary Au–Ge system. Electrical resistivity measurements confirmed a melting process at the eutectic isotherm by an abrupt increase in resistivity.
THE ROLE OF FIRM SIZE, PRICE EARNING RATIO AND PROFITABILITY TO IDIOSYNCRATIC VOLATILITY: EVIDENCE FROM BANKING INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA

This study analyzes the effect of company size, price earnings ratio, and profitability on idiosyncratic volatility in state-owned banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period from 2011 to 2020, We use multiple regression analysis to tested the hypothesis. Firm size was measured by the natural logarithm of total assets, price earnings ratio by the comparison between market price and earnings per share, and profitability by return on equity. Idiosyncratic volatility is the fluctuation of stock price results form company specific information, measured by market regression model. Results show that size of the company, price earnings ratio and profitability have a negative and significant effect on idiosyncratic volatility. The increase of company size, price earnings ratio and profitability, consequently will lower the idiosyncratic volatility. From theoretical perspective, the finding of this research complied with three theories: valuation theory, prospect theory and life cycle theory whereas from managerial perspective, the business can effectively manage its assets and equity while carrying out its activities, resulting in strong fundamentals that may lower the amount of idiosyncratic risk.