Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biology of Cataracts and Opportunities for Treatment

Cataract, the clinical correlate of opacity or light scattering in the eye lens, is usually caused by the presence of high molecular weight protein aggregates or disruption of the lens microarchitecture. In general, genes involved in inherited cataract reflect important processes and pathways in the lens including lens crystallins, connexins, growth factors, membrane proteins, intermediate filament proteins, and chaperones. Usually, mutations causing severe damage to proteins cause congenital cataracts, while milder variants increasing susceptibility to environmental insults are associated with age-related cataracts. These might have different pathogenic mechanisms, with congenital cataracts inducing the UPR and apoptosis, while in age-related cataract denatured crystallins are bound by α -crystallin and form light scattering high molecular weight aggregates. New therapeutic approaches to age related cataracts involve using chemical chaperones to solubilize high molecular weight aggregates, while attempts are being made to regenerate lenses using endogenous stem cells to treat congenital cataracts. the lens nucleus. this during
Circulating CD30 + CD4 + T Cells Increase Before Human Immunodeficiency Virus Rebound After Analytical Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption

Background. Identification of nonviral markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that increase before viral rebound during analytical treatment interruption (ATI) may affect HIV persistence research. We previously showed that HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) is enriched in CD30 + CD4 + T cells in many individuals. Here, we studied CD30 + CD4 + T-cell dynamics before ATI, during ATI (before detectable plasma RNA), and after HIV rebound. Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 23 participants collected longitudinally from 5 Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group studies incorporating ATI were included in this study. Flow cytometric characterization of expression of CD30 and markers of T-cell activation and exhaustion were performed along with HIV-1 RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid quantification and measure-ment of soluble plasma CD30 and CD30 ligand. Results. The percentage of CD4 + T cells expressing CD30 significantly increased from pre-ATI to postinterruption time points before detectible viremia (1.65 mean relative increase, P = .005). Seventy-seven percent of participants experienced an increase in CD30 + cells before viral rebound. In contrast, there were no significant differences between pre-ATI and postinterruption pre-rebound time points in percentages of lymphocytes expressing CD69, CD38/HLA-DR, or PD-1 until after HIV recrudescence. Conclusions. CD30 may be a surrogate marker of early replication or viral transcriptional activity before detection by routine peripheral blood sampling.
Kidney transplant outcomes in recipients with visual, hearing, physical and walking impairments: a prospective cohort study

Background. Disability in general has been associated with poor outcomes in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. However, disability can be derived from various components, speciﬁcally visual, hearing, physical and walking impairments. Different impairments may compromise the patient through different mechanisms and might impact different aspects of KT outcomes. Methods. In our prospective cohort study (June 2013–June 2017), 465 recipients reported hearing, visual, physical and walking impairments before KT. We used hybrid registry-augmented Cox regression, adjusting for confounders using the US KT population (Scientiﬁc Registry of Transplant Recipients, N ¼ 66 891), to assess the independent association between impairments and post-KT outcomes [death-censored graft failure (DCGF) and mortality]. Results. In our cohort of 465 recipients, 31.6% reported one or more impairments (hearing 9.3%, visual 16.6%, physical 9.1%, walking 12.1%). Visual impairment was associated with a 3.36-fold [95% conﬁdence interval (CI) 1.17–9.65] higher DCGF risk, however, hearing [2.77 (95% CI 0.78–9.82)], physical [0.67 (95% CI 0.08–3.35)] and walking [0.50 (95% CI 0.06–3.89)] impairments were not. Walking impairment was associated with a 3.13-fold (95% CI 1.32–7.48) higher mortality risk, how-ever, visual [1.20 (95% CI 0.48–2.98)], hearing [1.01 (95% CI 0.29–3.47)] and physical [1.16 (95% CI 0.34–3.94)] impairments were not. Conclusions. Impairments are common among KT recipients, yet only visual impairment and walking impairment are associated with adverse post-KT outcomes. Referring nephrologists and KT centers should identify recipients with visual and walking impairments who might beneﬁt from targeted interventions pre-KT, additional supportive care and close post-KT monitoring.
Intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns in adolescents with and without ADHD

Background: Prior studies examining the sleep of adolescents with and without attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have relied on mean values such as average sleep duration, which masks intraindividual variability. The objective was to investigate whether adolescents with ADHD have greater intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns than adolescents without ADHD using actigraphy and daily sleep diaries. Method: Adolescents (ages 13.17±0.40 years; 45% female) with (n=162) and without (n=140) ADHD were recruited from middle schools at two sites. Participants wore actigraphs and completed sleep diaries for an average of two weeks. Results: Multilevel models were conducted with sex, sleep medication use, ADHD medication use, number of days with data, and social jetlag controlled for in analyses. For actigraphy, adolescents with ADHD had greater variability for time in bed, sleep onset and offset, and wake after sleep onset than adolescents without ADHD. For sleep diary data, adolescents with ADHD had greater variability in bedtime, wake time, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep quality, and night wakings than adolescents without ADHD. Social jetlag was a significant predictor of variability in sleep measures based on both actigraph and daily diaries; however, ADHD status was not associated with social jetlag. Conclusions: This is the first study to show that adolescents with ADHD have more variable sleep/wake patterns than their peers using both objective and subjective sleep measures. Intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns may be important for clinicians to assess and monitor as part of treatment. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying increased intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns
Development of Bipolar Disorder and Other Comorbidity among Youth with ADHD

Objective: To examine development of bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) and other disorders in prospectively followed children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: In the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study, 531 of 685 children age 6–12 (most selected for scores>12 on General Behavior Inventory 10-item Mania scale) had ADHD, 112 with BPSD, 419 without. With annual assessments for 8 years, retention averaged 6.2 years. Chi square analyses compared rate of new BPSD and other comorbidity between those with vs. without baseline ADHD, and between retained vs. resolved ADHD diagnosis. Cox regression tested factors influencing speed of BPSD onset. Results: Of 419 with baseline ADHD but not BPSD, 52 (12.4%) developed BPSD, compared to 16 of 110 (14.5%) without either baseline diagnosis. Those who developed BPSD had more non-mood comorbidity over the follow-up than those who did not develop BPSD (p=.0001). Of 170 who still had ADHD at eight-year follow-up (and not baseline BPSD), 26 (15.3%) had developed BPSD, compared to 16 of 186 (8.6%) who had ADHD without BPSD at baseline but lost the ADHD diagnosis (X 2 =3.82, p=.051). There was no statistical difference in whether ADHD persisted or not across new p=. 092), maternal mania (p=.389), or paternal mania (B=.73, p=.056). Those who started with both diagnoses had more severe symptoms/impairment than those with later-developed BPSD and reported having ADHD first. Conclusion: In a cohort selected for symptoms of mania at age 6–12, baseline ADHD was not a significant prospective risk factor for developing BPSD. However, persistence of ADHD may marginally mediate risk of BPSD, and early comorbidity of both diagnoses increases severity/ impairment.
Treatment-specific associations between brain activation and symptom reduction following cognitive behavioral therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized fMRI trial.

Objective: To examine whether brain activity is associated with treatment response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in adolescents and adults with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and whether associations are treatment-specific relative to an active control psychotherapy (stress management therapy; SMT). Methods: Eighty-seven patients with OCD (age range 12-45, 57 female, 39 medicated) were randomized to receive 12 weeks of CBT or SMT. Prior to treatment, functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected in patients performing an incentive flanker task, which probes brain activation to both cognitive control and reward processing. Data were collected between March 2015 and October 2018. Voxelwise linear-mixed effects models examined whether baseline brain activation was differentially associated with symptom change on the (Children’s) Yale­ Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale ((C)Y-BOCS) scores over the course of CBT and SMT treatment. Results: Within the CBT group, a better treatment response was associated with greater pre-treatment activation within right temporal lobe and rostral anterior cingulate cortex during cognitive control and within ventromedial prefrontal, orbitofrontal, lateral prefrontal and amygdala regions during reward processing. In contrast, reduced pre-treatment activation within a largely overlapping set of regions was associated with a better treatment response to SMT (initial voxel threshold p<0.001, cluster corrected p<0.05). Conclusions: Findings of treatment-specific associations are important for the development of biomarkers to personalize treatment in OCD (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02437773).
Turbulent separations beneath semi-submerged bluff bodies with smooth and rough undersurfaces

Abstract The spatio-temporal characteristics of turbulent separations beneath semi-submerged bluff bodies with different undersurface roughness conditions are studied using a time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds number based on the free-stream velocity and submergence depth was fixed to 14 400. Three different undersurface conditions – smooth, sandpaper roughness and cube roughness – were examined. The results showed that wall roughness reduces the mean reattachment length, and suppresses the Reynolds stresses in the second half of the mean separation bubble. The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is observed at the leading edge of the smooth bluff body, but is bypassed in the rough cases. In the first half of the mean separation bubble, the frequencies in the separated shear layer migrate to lower values in a discrete manner through the vortex pairing mechanism. Consequently, multiple vortex shedding motions at different frequencies are nested in the separated shear layer, and the cores of shed vortices are aligned near the isopleth of free-stream velocity. The shed vortex is accompanied with multiple vortices along the edge of mean flow reversal in the upstream locations. These vortices are influenced significantly by wall roughness. A low-frequency flapping motion manifests as enlargement/shrinkage of reverse flow areas in the first half of the mean separation bubble. The frequencies of flapping motion in the smooth and sandpaper cases are similar, but are relatively lower than that in the cube roughness case. This flapping motion is associated with an extremely large vortex shed from the mean reattachment point to the free-stream region.
Influence of Child Temperament on Teacher-child Relationship: Moderating Effect of Teacher Class Management Efficacy

A total of 114 preschool teachers and 456 children participated in the current study. The questionnaire method was used to explore the impact of teacher class management efficacy and child temperament on teacher-child relationship. The results showed that teacher class management efficacy significant positively predicted teacher-child closeness. Child temperament significantly predicted teacher-child relationship. Child effort control had a significant positive predictive effect on teacher-child closeness, and had a significant negative predictive effect on teacher-child conflict, and child negative affectivity had a significant positive predictive effect on teacher-child conflict. Teacher class management efficacy played a moderating role between child temperament and teacher-child closeness. Class management efficacy can compensate for the negative impact of child negative affectivity on teacher-child closeness, and strengthen the positive impact of child effortful control on teacher-child closeness.
A model to detect student's learning styles in the blended learning course

Recently, personalized learning is becoming more and more popular, especially in blended learning courses. The student learning style is one of several factors to personalize content and appropriate learning activities for each learner. This article proposes a model to detect learning styles in blended learning courses to classify learners for personalization. The proposed model focuses on two phases: the online and face-to-face learning phases of the learning process. Besides, we also present several parameters to map resources and activities in a blended-learning course to a learning style model. Based on the identified criteria, the experimental results with 205 students' data when classifying learning styles by the Support Vector Machine method give an accuracy of 76.7% - 83.2% in the 04 dimensions of the Felder and Silverman model. Experimental results when applying two approaches: literature-based and driven-based, show that learners' styles are similar up to 83%. Findings show that the student's learning style does not change much in the learning process. As for course design implications, we also propose suggestions for developing content and designing learning activities.
BullsEye : Scalable and Accurate Approximation Framework for Cache Miss Calculation

For Affine Control Programs or Static Control Programs (SCoP), symbolic counting of reuse distances could induce polynomials for each reuse pair. These polynomials along with cache capacity constraints lead to non-affine (semi-algebraic) sets; and counting these sets is considered to be a hard problem. The state-of-the-art methods use various exact enumeration techniques relying on existing cardinality algorithms that can efficiently count affine sets. We propose BullsEye , a novel, scalable, accurate, and problem-size independent approximation framework. It is an analytical cache model for fully associative caches with LRU replacement policy focusing on sampling and linearization of non-affine stack distance polynomials. First, we propose a simple domain sampling method that can improve the scalability of exact enumeration. Second, we propose linearization techniques relying on Handelman’s theorem and Bernstein’s representation. To improve the scalability of the Handelman’s theorem linearization technique, we propose template (Interval or Octagon) sub-polyhedral approximations. Our methods obtain significant compile-time improvements with high-accuracy when compared to HayStack on important polyhedral compilation kernels such as nussinov, cholesky, and adi from PolyBench, and harris, gaussianblur from LLVM-TestSuite. Overall, on PolyBench kernels, our methods show up to 3.31× (geomean) speedup with errors below ≈ 0.08% (geomean) for the octagon sub-polyhedral approximation.
Analysis of Perceived Risk, Perceived Trust, Perceived Security Factors on Consumer Intention using E-Payment

E-payment is part of an accounting information system that requires a large investment. The key factor for the success of e-payments is understanding and satisfying customer needs and expectations. In order to increase the adoption rate of e-payments or users' intention to use e-payments, the factors that influence consumer adoption must be better managed. Reports show that some users, despite having physical access, are reluctant to use the technology. It is suspected that there are factors that influence the use of e-payments, namely perceived risk, perceived trust and perceived security. This study aims to investigate whether there is an effect of perceived risk, perceived trust and perceived security on consumer intention to use e-payment in Jakarta Greater Area (Jabodetabek). This study uses a quantitative method involving 109 e-payment users in Jabodetabek with an age range of 17-40 years. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis, classical assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results obtained using SPSS, all factors of perceived risk, perceived trust and perceived security have a significant influence on consumer intention to use e-payments in Jabodetabek.
Factors influencing perceived learning of students during online classes: A case study from Taiwan

Online learning has modified the ways in which competencies are taught in recent years, where the focus has majorly been on maximizing learning effectiveness. Due to the recent surge in the COVID-19 pandemic, most universities in Taiwan switched to online learning as control measures not to interrupt students' learning. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the main purpose of the current study is to explore the critical factors that influence the students’ learning effectiveness while undergoing the sudden shift from physical classroom learning to online learning. Data was collected from 428 students studying at a private university in Taiwan. Results show that high levels of attitude towards technology are associated with higher levels of perceived learning when moderated by higher levels of perceived usefulness of technology and higher levels of intention to use technology. This study aims to contribute to the TAM literature, particularly on how different factors affect perceived learning in students within the context of Taiwan. These findings can encourage university policymakers, educators, and course instructors to integrate technology into teaching pedagogies and thereby enhance learning performance in students.
Kinetics of T cell receptor b , g , and d rearrangements during adult thymic development: T cell receptor rearrangements are present in CD44 1 CD25 1 Pro-T thymocytes

We performed a comprehensive analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) g rearrangements in T cell precursors of the mouse adult thymus. Using a sensitive quantitative PCR method, we show that TCR g rearrangements are present in CD44 1 CD25 1 Pro-T thymocytes much earlier than expected. TCR g rearrangements increase significantly from the Pro-T to the CD44 2 CD25 1 Pre-T cell transition, and follow different patterns depending on each V g gene segment, suggesting that ordered waves of TCR g rearrangement exist in the adult mouse thymus as has been described in the fetal mouse thymus. Recombinations of TCR g genes occur concurrently with TCR d and D-J b rearrangements, but before V b gene assembly. Productive TCR g rearrangements do not increase significantly before the Pre-T cell stage and are depleted in CD4 1 CD8 1 double-positive cells from normal mice. In contrast, double-positive thymocytes from TCR d2 / 2 mice display random proportions of TCR g rearranged alleles, sup-porting a role for functional TCR g / d rearrangements in the gd divergence process.
Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of (Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 Ceramics

The dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of bismuth potassium titanate, (Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 (BKT), ceramics were studied. Single-phase BKT ceramics with a high relative density of 97% were obtained by the hot pressing (HP) method. The resistivities of BKT ceramics hot-pressed at 1060 and 1080°C (hereafter abbreviated as BKT-HP1060°C and BKT-HP1080°C) were fairly high being of the order of 1013 Ω·cm at room temperature (RT). The Curie temperature Tc of BKT-HP1060°C was 437°C, which is relatively higher than those of other lead-free piezoelectric materials. In this study, the ferroelectric properties of BKT ceramics were successfully obtained with fully saturated hysteresis loops. The remanent polarization Pr and coercive field Ec of BKT-HP1080°C were 22.2 µC/cm2 and 52.5 kV/cm, respectively. D–E hysteresis loops for these ceramics were observed even at 260°C. The electromechanical coupling factor k33 and piezoelectric constant d33 of BKT-HP1080°C were 0.28 and 69.8 pC/N, respectively. The second-phase transition temperature T2 of 340°C was determined from the temperature dependence of piezoelectric and dielectric measurements.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth is Common in Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) and Associates with Diabetes, CP Severity, Low Zinc Levels and Opiate Use

Objectives: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is often present in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) with persistent steatorrhea, despite pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). Overall prevalence of SIBO, diagnosed by glucose breath test (GBT), varies between 0–40% but 0–21% in those without upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. We investigated the prevalence and non-surgical independent predictors of SIBO in CP without upper GI surgery. Methods: 273 patients ≥18 years-old had a presumptive diagnosis of CP and a GBT between 1989–2017. We defined CP by Mayo Score (0–16) ≥4 and a positive GBT for SIBO by Rome Consensus Criteria, and retrospectively collected data for 5 a priori variables (age, opiates, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus (DM), gastroparesis) and 41 investigational variables (demographics, GI symptoms, comorbidities, CP etiologies and co-factors, CP symptom duration, Mayo score and non-diabetes components, and biochemical variables). Results: 98 of 273 patients had definite CP and 40.8% had SIBO. Five of 46 variables predicted SIBO: opiates, p=0.005; DM, p=0.04; total Mayo score, p<0.05, zinc, p=0.005, and albumin, p<0.05). Multivariable analysis of 3 non-correlated variables identified zinc level (OR=0.0001; p=0.03) as the sole independent predictor of SIBO (model C-statistic=0.89; p<0.001). Conclusions: SIBO, diagnosed
On the prevalence and consequences of family and work role squeezes over the life course

Population ageing changes profoundly the current balance between generations. Governments are responding with policies to promote later retirement and family care, but these ideals may come in conﬂict in mid-life when family obligations can be hard to reconcile with employment. Yet we know little about the prevalence of being ‘‘sandwiched’’, and even less about the consequences. This article maps out the prevalence of different forms of family and work sandwiching for the Norwegian population, and explores adaptive strategies and psycho-social outcomes. The analyses are based on data from the NorLAG and LOGG studies ( n = 15 109, age 18–84). Preliminary ﬁndings indicate that 75–80% of the population are located in-between younger and older family generations in mid-life, the great majority are at the same time in paid work, but comparatively few (8–9% aged 35–45) have both children and parents in need at the same time, and fewer still (3%) are then also caregivers to older parents. Although few in proportion of their age group, they add up to a considerable number of persons. Women are more likely to reduce work in response to family needs than men. Implications of family and work sandwiching for health and well-being are analysed.