Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Atmospheric Momentum Budget over a Major Mountain Range: First Results of the PYREX Field Program

The PYREX program is a major field study of the dynamical influence of the Pyrenees mountains (on the border between France and Spain) on the atmospheric circulation. In October and November 1990 a large number of experimental means had been deployed in the area, including additional sounding systems, automated stations at high elevation sites, wind profilers, sodars, constant level balloons, and four research airplanes. The main focus was on the quantification of the retardation of the cross-mountain flow by the range, but a number of related mesoscale phenomena had been captured, e.g. the formation of lee waves, lee eddies, sheltering areas, and local surface winds. The data interpretation was supported by an extensive effort in meso-scale numerical modelling, and it is argued that only numerical models, conveniently qualified by observations, can document the momentum budget in a consistent way. Improvements in the field of mountain waves and mountain roughness representation in the large-scale atmospheric models are expected from the PYREX results, as well as improvements in the performance of mesoscale models for the operational forecasts. The present paper presents a broad introduction to the experiment. It reviews the experimental set-up and the available data sets. Finally, two more specific topics are discussed in depth, as examples of the available data and modelling strategy: the lee wave event of 15 October 1990 is presented with both experimental and model results. Some of the findings concerning the Tramontana wind are also discussed
Twistor constructions of quaternionic manifolds and asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein--Weyl spaces

Let $S$ be a $2n$-dimensional complex manifold equipped with a line bundle with a real-analytic complex connection such that its curvature is of type $(1,1)$, and with a real analytic h-projective structure such that its h-projective curvature is of type $(1,1)$. For $n=1$ we assume that $S$ is equipped with a real-analytic M\"obius structure. Using the structure on $S$, we construct a twistor space of a quaternionic $4n$-manifold $M$. We show that $M$ can be identified locally with a neighbourhood of the zero section of the twisted (by a unitary line bundle) tangent bundle of $S$ and that $M$ admits a quaternionic $S^1$ action given by unit scalar multiplication in the fibres. We show that $S$ is a totally complex submanifold of $M$ and that a choice of a connection $D$ in the h-projective class on $S$ gives extensions of a complex structure from $S$ to $M$. For any such extension, using $D$, we construct a hyperplane distribution on $Z$ which corresponds to the unique quaternionic connection on $M$ preserving the extended complex structure. We show that, in a special case, the construction gives the Feix--Kaledin construction of hypercomplex manifolds, which includes the construction of hyperk\"ahler metrics on cotangent bundles. We also give an example in which the construction gives the quaternion-K\"ahler manifold $\mathbb{HP}^n$ which is not hyperk\"ahler. We show that the same construction and results can be obtained for $n=1$. By convention, in this case, $M$ is a self-dual conformal $4$-manifold and from Jones--Tod correspondence we know that the quotient $B$ of $M$ by an $S^1$ action is an asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein--Weyl manifold. Using a result of LeBrun \cite{Le}, we prove that $B$ is an asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein--Weyl manifold. We also give a natural construction of a minitwistor space $T$ of an asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein--Weyl manifold directly from $S$, such that $T$ is the Jones--Tod quotient of $Z$. As a consequence, we deduce that the Einstein--Weyl manifold constructed using $T$ is equipped with a distinguished Gauduchon gauge.
A Focal Any-Angle Path-finding Algorithm Based on A* on Visibility Graphs

This research aims at unleashing the potential of additive manufacturing technology in industrial design that can produce structures/devices with irregular component geometries to reduce sizes/weights. We explore, by means of path-finding, the length minimization of freeform hydraulic piping network in compact space under given constraints. Previous studies on path-finding have mainly focused on enhancing computational efficiency due to the need to produce rapid results in such as navigation and video-game applications. In this research, we develop a new Focal Any-Angle A* approach that combines the merits of grid-based method and visibility graph-based method. Specifically, we formulate pruned visibility graphs preserving only the useful portion of the vertices and then find the optimal path based on the candidate vertices using A*. The reduced visibility graphs enable us to outperform approximations and maintain the optimality of exact algorithms in a more efficient manner. The algorithm proposed is compared to the traditional A* on Grids, Theta* and A* on visibility graphs in terms of path length, number of nodes evaluated, as well as computational time. As demonstrated and validated through case studies, the proposed method is capable of finding the shortest path with tractable computational cost, which provides a viable design tool for the additive manufacturing of piping network systems.
A Critical Assessment of Oscillatory Modes in Multi-Microgrids Comprising of Synchronous and Inverter-Based Distributed Generation

This paper provides a critical assessment of oscillatory modes for a droop-controlled multi-microgrid (MMG) consisting of inverter-based and synchronous-based distributed generation (DG). Local and inter-microgrid oscillatory modes similar to conventional interconnected power systems are observed. However, an additional new and more “dominant” oscillatory mode caused by interactions between close-by coherent synchronous-based and inverter-based DGs in the MMG is identified. Sensitivity analysis is employed to assess the impact of various MMG configurations and parameters such as: interconnecting line length, droop gain, exciter gain, and governor gain on MMG oscillatory modes. Parametric studies are conducted to highlight the impact of oscillatory modes on MMG transient and dynamic performances. Consequently, power system stabilizers (PSSs) are developed for both inverter-based and synchronous-based DGs to improve the transient and dynamic performances of the MMG. Residues are calculated and therefore utilized to determine the effect of PSS placement on the MMG oscillatory modes. Finally, small-signal stability analysis results and the performances of the PSSs are validated through time domain simulations on MATLAB/Simulink.
Effects of soil–pile interaction on the response of bridge pier to barge collision using energy distribution method

Abstract In this paper, the effects of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the response of a girder bridge pier is evaluated by assessing the energy distributions in the barge–pier collision system. The finite-element models of two example piers of St. George Island Causeway Bridge, which have different structural and geometrical characteristics, are developed in LS-DYNA software to simulate the barge–pier collision scenarios. By comparing the energy distribution results among the barge and pier components, it is obtained that barge bow component has greater value of the internal energy contribution than pier components in the barge collision with more stiff pier. While, in the barge collision with more flexible pier, the pier components including the pier structure, piles and SSI have more internal energy contributions than the barge component. In addition, From the comparison of energy absorbed by the pier structure between the cases with and without SSI, it is found that the effect of the substructure and its relevant SSI on the response of the more flexible pier affected by the produced large deformations and relative displacements of the pier substructure, is more than that of stiff pier which displaces with semi-rigid and global deflections.
Determination of the optimum temperature history of inlet water for minimizing thermal stresses in a pipe by the multiphysics inverse analysis

It is important to reduce the thermal stresses for managing and extending the lives of pipes in plants. In this problem, heat conduction, elastic deformation, heat transfer, liquid flow should be considered, and therefore the problem is of a multidisciplinary nature. An inverse method was proposed by the present authors for determining the optimum thermal load history which reduced transient thermal stress considering the multidisciplinary physics. But the obtained solution had a problem that the temperature increasing rate of inner surface of the pipe was discontinuous at the end time of heat up. In this study we introduce temperature history functions that ensure the continuity of the temperature increasing rate. The multidisciplinary complex problem is decomposed into a heat conduction problem, a heat transfer problem, and a thermal stress problem. An analytical solution of the temperature distribution of radial thickness and thermal hoop stress distribution is obtained. The maximum tensile and compressive hoop stresses are minimized for the case where inner surface temperature Ts(t) is expressed in terms of the 4th order polynomial function of time t. Finally, from the temperature distributions, the optimum fluid temperature history is obtained for reducing the thermal stresses.
A Statistical Approach to Estimate Imbalance-Induced Energy Losses for Data-Scarce Low Voltage Networks

Phase imbalance in the U.K. and European low-voltage (415 V, LV) distribution networks causes additional energy losses. A key barrier against understanding the imbalance-induced energy losses is the absence of high-resolution time-series data for LV networks. It remains a challenge to estimate imbalance-induced energy losses in LV networks that only have the yearly average currents of the three phases. To address this insufficient data challenge, this paper proposes a new customized statistical approach, named as the clustering, classification, and range estimation (CCRE) approach. It finds a match between the network with only the yearly average phase currents (the data-scarce network) and a cluster of networks with time series of phase current data (data-rich networks). Then, CCRE performs a range estimation of the imbalance-induced energy loss for the cluster of data-rich networks that resemble the data-scarce network. Chebyshev's inequality is applied to narrow down this range, which represents the confidence interval of the imbalance-induced energy loss for the data-scarce network. Case studies reveal that, given such a few data from the data-scarce networks, more than 80% of these networks are classified to the correct clusters and the confidence of the imbalance-induced energy loss estimation is 89%.
The determinants of using cloud supply chain adoption

Purpose It is necessary to determine the processes affecting cloud computing service applications in supply chain management (SCM) systems in order to facilitate cloud computing service exchanges and transmission of data among supply chain members. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and integrating the commitment trust theory, this paper develops a theoretical model using argument advantage and source credibility constructs to examine the relationships among perceived usefulness, attitude, trust and usage intention. Findings The results indicate that both the central route and the peripheral route of the ELM have a positive influence on perceived usefulness. The argument advantage has a strong influence on perceived usefulness as compared to source credibility while source credibility has a strong impact on trust. Furthermore, the perceived usefulness of cloud computing services plays a pivotal role in attitude and intention, whereas trust has a weak effect on usage intention. Originality/value The proposed model not only explores the argument that potential user evaluations of both the advantages of cloud computing services and source credibility influence their affective states, which in turn affect their usage intention, but it also examines the mediating factors that influence processes related to cloud SCM acceptance.
In Deep Analysis on the Behavior of Grape Marc Constituents during Hydrothermal Carbonization

Grape marc is a residue of the wine-making industry, nowadays not always effectively valorized. It consists of grape seeds (mostly lignocellulosic) and grape skins (mostly holocellulosic). In order to understand possible correlations between seeds and skins in forming hydrochar for it to be used as a solid biofuel, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was applied separately to grape marc and its constituents. HTC was performed at several process conditions (temperature: 180, 220 and 250 °C; reaction time: 0.5, 1, 3 and 8 h), in order to collect data on the three phases formed downstream of the process: solid (hydrochar), liquid and gas. An in deep analytical characterization was performed: ultimate analysis and calorific value for hydrochar, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (IPC) analyses for liquid phase, composition for gas phase. In previous works, the same experimental apparatus was used to treat residual biomass, obtaining interesting results in terms of possible hydrochar exploitation as a solid biofuel. Thus, the main objectives of this work were both to get results for validating the hypothesis to apply HTC to this feedstock, and to collect data for subsequent theoretical investigations. Moreover, a severity model was developed to allow a predictive description of the hydrochar yield as a function of a unique parameter condensing both temperature and reaction time effects. The results obtained demonstrate that this process can upgrade wet residues into a solid biofuel ad that the process can be satisfactorily described in terms of a severity factor.
Performance enhancement of c-CESL-strained 95-nm-gate NMOSFET using trench-based structure

A stress modulation technology using a trench-based structure for strained NMOSFET is reported in this paper. With this technology, NMOSFET can be improved by a compressive contact etch stop layer (CESL), whereas the traditional CESL-strained NMOSFET requires a tensile one. To confirm this idea, a 95-nm-gate device with a −2.5 GPa strained CESL is simulated to investigate the effects of the trench-based structure on channel stress. It is demonstrated that the average longitudinal channel stress is transformed from −333 into 256 MPa, which leads to a significant improvement of the device's I–V performance. For strained CMOS, this approach provides a potential alternative besides dual stress liner technology.
Sentimentos e expectativas das mulheres acerca da Citologia Oncótica

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo cujo objetivo foi discutir e descrever os sentimentos e as expectativas vivenciadas por 28 mulheres quanto a citologia oncotica em uma unidade do Programa de Saude da Familia em Parnaiba-PI, atraves de uma entrevista com roteiro de questoes abertas. Os resultados foram apresentados em categorias e constatou-se que a maioria das mulheres nao realiza o exame, embora todas afirmem a importância deste, principalmente para deteccao de doencas. Observou-se ainda que durante o procedimento, os sentimentos mais recorrentes entre as mulheres foram: timidez, inseguranca, medo, vergonha e dor. Quanto as expectativas, elas anseiam um melhor atendimento dos profissionais, e um resultado que nao apresente alteracoes, em especial o câncer.
Photonics for technology : circuits, chip-scale LIDAR, and optical neural networks

This thesis focuses on a wide range of contemporary topics in modern electromagnetics and technology including topologically protected one-way modes, integrated photonic LIDAR, and optical neural networks. First, we numerically investigate large Chern numbers in photonic crystals and explore their origin from simultaneously gapping multiple band degeneracies. Following this, we perform microwave transmission measurements in the bulk and at the edge of ferrimagnetic photonic crystals. Bandgaps with large Chern numbers of 2, 3, and 4 are present in the experimental results 'which show excellent agreement with theory. We measure the mode profiles and Fourier transform them to produce dispersion relations of the edge modes, whose number and direction match our Chern number calculations. We use these waveguides to realize reflectionless power splitters and outline their application to general one-way circuits. Next we create a new chip-scale LIDAR architecture in analogy to planar RF lenses. Instead of relying upon many continuously tuned thermal phase shifters to implement nonmechanical beam steering, we use aplanatic lenses excited in their focal plane feeding ID gratings to generate discrete beams. We design devices which support up to 128 resolvable points in-plane and 80 resolvable points out-of-plane, which are currently being fabricated and tested. These devices have many advantages over conventional optical phased arrays including greatly increased optical output power and decreased electrical power for in-plane beamforming. Finally we explore a new approach for implementing convolutional neural networks through an integrated photonics circuit consisting of Mach-Zehnder Interferometers, optical delay lines, and optical nonlinearity units. This new platform, should be able to perform the order of a thousand inferences per second, at [mu]J power levels per inference, with the nearest state of the art ASIC and GPU competitors operating 30 times slower and requiring three orders of magnitude more power.
APPLICABILITY OF FINGERPRINTING FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SEDIMENT SOURCES IN A MESOSCALE SEMIARID CATCHMENT

The study aimed at identifying sediment sources in a mesoscale catchment (933 km2) located in the Brazilian semiarid region. The research explored the potential of using a fingerprinting technique to verify the origin of eroded sediments in a catchment by comparing physical and mineralogical properties of potential sediment sources and sediments deposited in a pond (6 x 10 m3 storage capacity) and a reservoir (20 x 10 m3 storage capacity). The goal was to assess the feasibility of using such material to identify sediment sources in a semiarid environment with a high density of surface reservoirs. Chemical variables were studied by mineralogical analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and multivariate statistics. The results showed that the fingerprinting technique is a potential tool to identify sediment sources comparing the properties of soils with silted material in reservoirs, allowing its use even in regions with low frequency of runoff.
Towards a fully automated car parking system

Currently, payment at most car parking-lots is carried out in the following manner: a ticket machine at entrance prints a ticket with a bar-code for each car entering the parking-lot. This ticket is later scanned at a payment terminal to determine the amount to be paid. The procedure can be automated using face detection and recognition technology. This automation can help with the issue of ticket loss/car theft. This study describes an automated car parking system. The proposed system consists of a camera installed at the entrance/exit of the parking-lot. Frames are continuously acquired by the camera. If there is a detected face, it is registered in the database. When a driver is leaving, the face image is captured again at the exit of parking-lot and compared in the database to conclude the identity. The system at the parking entrance/exit is composed of the following processing modules: (i) image acquisition, (ii) vehicle and face detection, and (iii) feature extraction that also includes a feature comparison/classification module for face recognition. The authors propose suitable algorithms for each module and carry out ad-hoc experiments to check the feasibility of the proposed system.
Analysis of the Fatigue Characteristics of Mooring Lines and Power Cables for Floating Wave Energy Converters

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and expand the energy mix, there is a pressing need for the exploitation of renewable sources of energy, such as biomass, hydropower, solar power, waves, and wind. This thesis focuses on ocean wave energy and its applications. Ocean wave energy is abundant and geographically widespread and has one of the highest energy densities among renewable energy sources, presenting a great opportunity for securing an emission-free energy supply. However, one challenge associated with existing wave energy technology is to ensure and verify the reliability and long-term performance of wave energy converter (WEC) systems; these aspects are fundamental to achieving wave energy at a cost that is commercially competitive in the long term. The main objective of this thesis was to develop a complete numerical analysis procedure for assessing the fatigue characteristics of the mooring lines and power cables used in floating WEC systems. Both the moorings and cables must be designed to survive under cyclic loading and not fail due to fatigue, which would endanger the safety and functionality of the WEC system. However, due to the wide variety of WEC concepts that have been proposed, it remains challenging to identify which numerical methods are most appropriate for the reliable prediction of the mechanical service life of the moorings and cables. Starting from a hydrodynamic and structural response analysis of a WEC system or an array of WECs, the research presented herein contributes to a systems perspective in which the fatigue performance of moorings and cables is predicted, the power performance is estimated, and the levelised cost of energy is calculated with consideration of the interaction effects among WECs in an array. It was found that a coupled analysis approach should be used to simulate the hydrodynamic and structural responses of WECs because it captures best the mechanical coupling and hydrodynamic interaction effects of WEC systems. A wave-height/wave-period matrix of fatigue was designed as a visualisation tool to illustrate the influence of environmental loads on fatigue damage accumulation in the moorings and cables. Numerical simulations of multi-WEC array farms showed that hydrodynamic interactions among WECs in an array farm strongly affect fatigue damage in moorings, which in turn influence the related cost assessment of a WEC system. Compared with a biofouling-free condition, it was shown that the presence of biofouling on the WEC system not only reduces the power absorption of WECs but also decreases the fatigue life of the moorings and cables. The results obtained from the numerical simulation were validated against a model-scale ocean basin laboratory experiment and compared with measurement data from a full-scale WEC installation. The findings showed that the simulation model can satisfactorily predict the dynamic motion response of a WEC system under moderate sea state conditions and under non-resonant conditions.