Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hall of Mirrors: Corporate Philanthropy and Strategic Advocacy

Politicians and regulators rely on feedback from the public when setting policies. For-profit corporations and non-pro t entities are active in this process and are arguably expected to provide independent viewpoints. Policymakers (and the public at large), however, may be unaware of the financial ties between some firms and non-profits - ties that are legal and tax-exempt, but difficult to trace. We identify these ties using IRS forms submitted by the charitable arms of large U.S. corporations, which list all grants awarded to non-pro fits. We document three patterns in a comprehensive sample of public commentary made by firms and non-profits within U.S. federal rulemaking between 2003 and 2015. First, we show that, shortly after a firm donates to a non-profit, the grantee is more likely to comment on rules for which the firm has also provided a comment. Second, when a firm comments on a rule, the comments by non-profits that recently received grants from the firm's foundation are systematically closer in content similarity to the firm's own comments than to those submitted by other non-profits commenting on that rule. This content similarity does not result from similarly-worded comments that express divergent sentiment. Third, when a firm comments on a new rule, the discussion of the final rule is more similar to the firm's comments when the firm's recent grantees also comment on that rule. These patterns, taken together, suggest that corporations strategically deploy charitable grants to induce non-pro fit grantees to make comments that favor their benefactors, and that this translates into regulatory discussion that is closer to the firm's own comments.
Repeated failure of arterio-venous haemodialysis access

Background: The subsequent development of vascular access techniques and devices now permits patients to be maintained on dialysis for decades. Aim of study: To evaluate the most possible causes behind repeated arteriovenous (AV) access failure in ESRD patients and finding the relationship between those causes and the timing of access failure, and putting the possible solutions in the form of interventions and guidelines for those patients. Patients and methods: This retrospective non-randomized study was conducted in department of vascular surgery, Al-Azhar University Hospitals – Cairo (Al-Hussein and Sayed Glal Hospitals). This study was conducted on 100 ESRD patients on regular hemodialysis and with repeated AV access failure; at least two failed accesses for each patient. The total number of failed accesses was 245 where 230 accesses were autogenous AV fistulae and 15 were synthetic bridge grafts in upper limb. Results: Among the cases of access thrombosis 25.5% were associated with access stenosis, 10.5% with hypotension, and 2.5% with external compression. Among the cases of failure of maturation 16% were due to small vein diameter (less than 2.5 mm), 9% associated with hypotension, and 7% with hypotension together with central venous stenosis.
Does changing contexts affect linkages throughout the Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) process? A multiphasic investigation of motives, Pre and Post acquisition processes and Performance

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) is an important organizational change phenomena that has attracted significant research focus to many of its aspects but only recently has attention begun to investigate its complex multi-phasic nature and its embeddedness in multiple contexts. So far the influence of the macro context in M&A deals has been little studied and its interaction with M&A’s multiphasic nature has been ignored. This article aims to address this limitation by investigating whether different macro-economic wave and non-wave periods of M&A activity influence different phases of M&A in terms of motives, pre-and post-acquisition processes and acquisition performances. Drawing on a dataset of Greek M&As, an under researched M&A context, findings suggest that acquisitions in non-wave periods are driven by different motives from those in wave periods. Interestingly though, we found no statistically significant changes in pre-and post-acquisition processes and M&A performance between wave and non-wave periods. We suggest this organizational change finding maybe due to the early stage nature of Greek M&A and may also apply to other countries with similar levels of M&A experience. Further implications for theory and practice of these findings are discussed.
Equalized mass can explain the dark energy or missing mass problem as higher density of matter in stars amplifies their attraction

In order to compare properties of celestial bodies regardless of their motions, their masses, which represent also their energy spent on resistance to forced motions, should be expressed with respect to the same (for all of them) material substance, such as water, for instance. Then their density of matter, which has been defined as the ratio of their actual mass/bulk to an equivalent mass of water, should also be taken into account even in the radial Newtonian law of gravitation. Such an equalized mass adheres to the Newton’s definition of “quantity of matter” as conjoined feature (i.e. product) of matter density and the bulk=mass of the body, even though he has never really operated on the notion so defined. The equalized mass conforms to the Einstein’s concept of mass as equivalent of energy, both of which vary with speed. Hence the product of equalized mass and density of matter can increase the radial gravitational force of very dense stars, easing the problem of the allegedly missing mass that pushes galaxies too far away according to former estimates of their masses and their distances. Besides the equalized mass, the need for which has emerged from presence of nonradial potentials acting along paths on equipotential surfaces in radial/center-bound force fields, the repulsive effects of the nonradial angular potentials can also amplify the regular/innate spins of stars, black holes and galaxies, eliminating thus the need for the so-called dark matter/energy invented just to explain the allegedly missing mass/energy.
Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Effectiveness Through the North West London Vaccination Program: Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, as a pandemic. The UK mass vaccination program commenced on December 8, 2020, vaccinating groups of the population deemed to be most vulnerable to severe COVID-19 infection. Objective: This study aims to assess the early vaccine administration coverage and outcome data across an integrated care system in North West London, leveraging a unique population-level care data set. Vaccine effectiveness of a single dose of the Oxford/AstraZeneca and Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines were compared. Methods: A retrospective cohort study identified 2,183,939 individuals eligible for COVID-19 vaccination between December 8, 2020, and February 24, 2021, within a primary, secondary, and community care integrated care data set. These data were used to assess vaccination hesitancy across ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic deprivation measures (Pearson product-moment correlations); investigate COVID-19 transmission related to vaccination hubs; and assess the early effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination (after a single dose) using time-to-event analyses with multivariable Cox regression analysis to investigate if vaccination independently predicted positive SARS-CoV-2 in those vaccinated compared to those unvaccinated. Results: In this study, 5.88% (24,332/413,919) of individuals declined and did not receive a vaccination. Black or Black British individuals had the highest rate of declining a vaccine at 16.14% (4337/26,870). There was a strong negative association between socioeconomic deprivation and rate of declining vaccination ( r =–0.94; P =.002) with 13.5% (1980/14,571) of individuals declining vaccination in the most deprived areas compared to 0.98% (869/9609) in the least. In the first 6 days after vaccination, 344 of 389,587 (0.09%) individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The rate increased to 0.13% (525/389,243) between days 7 and 13, before then gradually falling week on week. At 28 days post vaccination, there was a 74% (hazard ratio 0.26, 95% CI 0.19-0.35) and 78% (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% CI 0.18-0.27) reduction in risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 for individuals that received
cognates: The effect of mismatch in morphological complexity on a backward lexical translation

In this article we focus on false cognates , lexical items which have overlapping orthographic/phonological properties but little or no semantic overlap. False-cognate pairs were created from French (L2) and English (L1) items by manipulating the levels of morphological correspondence between them. Our aim was to test whether mismatches in morphological structure affected success on a low-frequency backward lexical translation task. 58 participants, divided into four groups (A Level; Degree Level; Adult Learners; Bilinguals) were tested on monomorphemic items (simplex), polymorphemic items (complex), items whose morphological structure in French exceeded that of their English counterpart (mismatch), and control items. Translation success rate followed a uniform pattern: control > mismatch > simplex > complex. With respect to the false-friend effect, participant responses were also uniform: complex > simplex > mismatch. It is argued that an independent level of morphology explains these results.
Frequency-based contextual classification and gray-level vector reduction for land-use identification

Attemps to map land use directly from higher spatial resolution satellite date with conventional computer classification techniques have proven to be ineffective. This is due to two facts. First, land use is a cultural concept. What we see on remote sensing imagery is only the physical evidence of land use as represented by combinations of land-cover types. Second, conventional classifiers employ only spectral information on a single-pixel basis. A large amount of spatial information is thus ignored. In this research, a contextual classification method was developed to obtain land-use information. The number of gray-level vectors in multispectral space was reduced using a new data-reduction algorithm through rotating multispectral space into eigen space.
Evolution of electromagnetic signatures of sea ice from initial formation to the establishment of thick first-year ice

The spatial and temporal distribution of new and young sea ice types are of particular interest because of the influence this can exert on the heat and mass balance of the polar sea ice. The objective of the present work is to characterize the temporal evolution of the electromagnetic (EM) signatures of sea ice from initial formation through the development of first-year (FY) ice on the basis of the temporal variations in the physical properties of the ice. The time series of young sea ice signatures, including microwave emissivity, radar backscatter, and visible and infrared spectral albedo, has been measured at successive stages in the growth and development of sea ice, both under laboratory and field conditions. These observations have been accompanied by studies of the physical properties that influence the interaction between radiation and the ice. This has resulted in a consistent data set of concurrent multispectral observations that covers essentially all phases of the development of the different types of sea ice from initial formation to thick FY ice. Mutually consistent theoretical models covering the entire wavelength range of the observations are applied to selected cases and successfully match the observations. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data set suggests combinations of the set of frequencies to effectively distinguish among different stages in the temporal evolution of the sea ice.
A Growth Model for Black Ice, Snow Ice and Snow Thickness in Subarctic Basins

A model for the growth of ice thickness in autumn and winter is presented. Temperature of the upper surface of the ice sheet, snowfall and heat flux from the water are external input variables, and the thickness of black ice, snow ice and snow and the density of snow are predicted through the model. Thermal inertia is neglected. The results are sensitive to the assumed density of freshly fallen snow and the formulation of snow metamorphism. Comparisons between observations and model calculations are given. The agreement is moderate and the need for field work on snow on ice is recognized. A discussion is given on the maximum annual ice thickness under varying external conditions.
THE SINS SURVEY: SINFONI INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY OF z ∼ 2 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

We present the Spectroscopic Imaging survey in the near-infrared (near-IR) with SINFONI (SINS) of high-redshift galaxies. With 80 objects observed and 63 detected in at least one rest-frame optical nebular emission line, mainly Hα, SINS represents the largest survey of spatially resolved gas kinematics, morphologies, and physical properties of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1–3. We describe the selection of the targets, the observations, and the data reduction. We then focus on the “SINS Hα sample,” consisting of 62 rest-UV/optically selected sources at 1.3 < z < 2.6 for which we targeted primarily the Hα and [N ii] emission lines. Only ≈30% of this sample had previous near-IR spectroscopic observations. The galaxies were drawn from various imaging surveys with different photometric criteria; as a whole, the SINS Hα sample covers a reasonable representation of massive M⋆ ≳ 1010 M☉star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 1.5–2.5, with some bias toward bluer systems compared to pure K-selected samples due to the requirement of secure optical redshift. The sample spans 2 orders of magnitude in stellar mass and in absolute and specific star formation rates, with median values ≈3 × 1010 M☉, ≈70 M☉ yr−1, and ≈3 Gyr−1. The ionized gas distribution and kinematics are spatially resolved on scales ranging from ≈1.5 kpc for adaptive optics assisted observations to typically ≈4–5 kpc for seeing-limited data. The Hα morphologies tend to be irregular and/or clumpy. About one-third of the SINS Hα sample galaxies are rotation-dominated yet turbulent disks, another one-third comprises compact and velocity dispersion-dominated objects, and the remaining galaxies are clear interacting/merging systems; the fraction of rotation-dominated systems increases among the more massive part of the sample. The Hα luminosities and equivalent widths suggest on average roughly twice higher dust attenuation toward the H ii regions relative to the bulk of the stars, and comparable current and past-averaged star formation rates.
: A Longitudinal

Study design: Longitudinal study of spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large-scale population-based study. Objective: To determine the order of appearance of degenerative change in vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. We also sought to define the influence of endplate defect on low back pain (LBP) and to determine whether there is a genetic influence on endplate defect. Summary of background
Modélisation biophysique des émissions de NO par les sols agricoles, spatialisation et impact sur la chimie troposphérique à l'échelle régionale

Les inventaires d'emissions biogeniques dans les modeles de qualite de l'air sont peu adaptes, car bases sur l'utilisation de facteurs d'emission (FE) moyens ils integrent partiellement les variables environnementales et techniques pilotant ces emissions. Le but de cette these a ete d'ameliorer la prise en compte des emissions de NO par les sols agricoles dans le modele de chimie transport CHIMERE. Ce travail se base sur un modele d'agro-ecosysteme CERES-EGC qui simule la dynamique de l'azote dans le systeme sol-plante. Un module d'emission de NO y a ete integre et le test sur des donnees experimentales a montre la necessite de modeliser les echanges de masse et de chaleur pres de la surface du sol. Des simulations annuelles ont revele une variabilite saisonniere des emissions selon le climat et les pratiques culturales. Les emissions varient de 1 a 4 kg N-NO ha-1 sur un an, soit a des FEs de 1-2% selon les doses de fertilisation. Puis, une cartographie des emissions a ete realisee pour l'Ile de France, en combinant l'utilisation de CERES-EGC a des methodes de systemes d'information geographique et diverses bases de donnees. La prise en compte des pedopaysages de la region a fortement influence les emissions. Notre approche conduit a des emissions totales de 2. 7 kt N-NO sur 14 mois et a une moyenne de 5. 1 kg N-NO ha-1 (FE de 3. 4%). Enfin, l'outil a ete couple a CHIMERE afin d'evaluer l'impact des emissions de NOx par les sols sur la formation d'O3. L'influence des emissions s'explique par les regimes chimiques (perte d'O3 dans le panache urbain et production d'O3 supplementaire aux alentours) et varie de 1 a 8 ppb d'O3 pour des concentrations de fond de 50 a 100 ppb.
Correlation of serum HMGB1 and HMGB2 levels with clinical symptoms in allergic rhinitis children

This research aimed to explore the serum high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) levels in allergic rhinitis (AR) children and its correlation with clinical results. This present prospective observational study enrolled 179 AR children and 100 healthy children who came to our hospital during October 2020 to August 2022. The serum HMGB1, HMGB2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, interferon-γ, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic and clinical statistics including age, body mass index (BMI), sex, diastolic blood pressure, SBP, family history of allergy, Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire were collected. All data used SPSS 18.0 to statistical analyses. The proportion of family history of allergy was obviously higher in the AR group than that in the healthy group. The serum levels of HMGB1, HMGB2 and cytokines were remarkably enhanced in the AR patients. Spearman analysis supported that positive correlation existed among the HMGB1, HMGB2, CRP, IL-6 and IL-1β levels. Serum IL-6, CRP, HMGB2, IL-1β, VAS score and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score levels were significantly higher and serum interferon-γ levels were significantly lower in the HMGB1 high expression group. Similar results were found in in the HMGB2 high group compared to the HMGB2 low group. In addition, HMGB1 and HMGB2 could be potential diagnostic biomarkers of AR patients. Finally, we found that HMGB1, HMGB2, IL-6, IL-1β, and family history of allergy were the risk factors for AR. This study showed that the serum HMGB1 and HMGB2 levels was remarkably enhanced in AR patients and closely associated with cytokines. This study may provide new targets and a comprehensive approach for the treatment of AR patients.
Axion detection via superfluid $^3$He ferromagnetic phase and quantum measurement techniques

We propose to use the nuclear spin excitation in the ferromagnetic A1 phase of the superfluid $^3$He for the axion dark matter detection. This approach is striking in that it is sensitive to the axion-nucleon coupling, one of the most important features of the QCD axion introduced to solve the strong CP problem. We review a quantum mechanical description of the nuclear spin excitation and apply it to the estimation of the axion-induced spin excitation rate. We also describe a possible detection method of the spin excitation in detail and show that the combination of the squeezing of the final state with the Josephson parametric amplifier and the homodyne measurement can enhance the sensitivity. It turns out that this approach gives good sensitivity to the axion dark matter with the mass of $O(1) \, \mu \mathrm{eV}$ depending on the size of the external magnetic field. We estimate the parameters of experimental setups, e.g., the detector volume and the amplitude of squeezing, required to reach the QCD axion parameter space.
S-PARTS OF VALUES OF UNIVARIATE POLYNOMIALS, BINARY FORMS AND DECOMPOSABLE FORMS AT INTEGRAL POINTS

Let S = {p1, . , ps} be a finite, non-empty set of distinct prime numbers. For a non-zero integer m, write m = p1 1 . p as s b, where a1, . , as are non-negative integers and b is an integer relatively prime to p1 · · · ps. Then we define the S-part [m]S of m by [m]S := p a1 1 . p as s . The motivation of the present paper was given by the following result, established in 2013 by Gross and Vincent [10].
The effect of calcium silicate and ground magnesium limestone (GML) on the chemical characteristics of acid sulfate soil

Acid sulfate soil characterized by pyrite (FeS2) which produces high acidity (soil pH < 3.5) and release high amount of Al3+ and Fe2+. Application of 4 t ha-1 Ground Magnesium Limestone (GML), is a common rate used for acid sulfate soil by the rice farmers in Malaysia. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the integral effect of ground magnesium limestone (GML) and calcium silicate and to determine the optimal combination on acid sulfate soils in Malaysia. The acid sulfate soils were incubated under the submerged condition for 120 days with GML (0, 2, 4, 6 t ha-1) in combination with calcium silicate (0, 1, 2, 3 t ha-1) arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The soil was sampled after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of incubation and analyzed for soil pH, exchangeable Al, Ca, Mg, K and available Si. A total of 2 out of 16 combinations met the desired soil requirement for rice cultivation. The desired chemical soil characteristics for rice cultivation are soil pH > 4, exchangeable Al < 2 cmolc Kg-1, exchangeable Ca > 2 cmolc kg-1, exchangeable Mg > 1 cmolc kg-1 and Si content > 43 mg kg-1. The combinations are i) 2 t ha-1 calcium silicate + 2 t ha-1 GML, and ii) 3 t ha-1 calcium silicate + 2 t ha-1 GML, respectively. These combination rates met the desired requirement of soil chemical characteristics for rice cultivation. Soil acidity was reduced by a gradual release of Ca2+ and SiO32- from calcium silicate continuously filling the exchange sites and reducing the potential of extra (free) H+ availability in the soil system. Combination of calcium silicate and GML, shows the ameliorative effect with; i) release of Ca, ii) binding of Al3+ making it inert Al-hydroxides and, iii) bind H+ to produce water molecules.