Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Herschel studies of infrared dark clouds and cores in the Hi-GAL Survey

ABSTRACT High mass stars affect their environments on a large scale. However, the processes behind the formation of high mass stars are still relatively poorly understood compared to their low mass counterparts. Infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) and their cold cores (gravitationally bound cores embedded within the IRDCs) are thought to be the earliest observable stage of high mass star formation. By observing these very young regions we gain insight into the formation of high mass stars. IRDCs were initially found as regions of extended absorption in the midinfrared (MIR). However, identifying IRDCs in the MIR alone can create problems because there is no way to distinguish between IRDCs and minima in the MIR background. In this thesis we use data taken by the Herschel Infrared Galactic Plane Survey to observe IRDCs and their cold cores at wavelengths where they are expected to be seen in emission, i.e. in the far-infrared (FIR).
An Empirical Study of the Effect of Investor Sentiment on Returns of Different Industries

Studies on investor sentiment are mostly focused on the stock market, but little attention has been paid to the effect of investor sentiment on the return of a specific industry. This paper constructs a proxy variable to examine the relationship between investor sentiment and the return of a specific industry, using the Principle Component Analysis, and finds that investor sentiment is positively correlated with the industry return of the current period and negatively correlated with that of one lag period; we classify investor sentiment as optimistic state and pessimistic state and find that optimistic investor sentiment has a positive effect on stock returns of most industries, while pessimistic investor sentiment has no effect on them; this paper further builds a two-state Markov regime switching model and finds that sentiment has different effect on different industries returns on different states of market.
Coplanar amorphous-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin film transistor with He plasma treated heavily doped layer

We report thermally stable coplanar amorphous-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with heavily doped n+ a-IGZO source/drain regions. Doping is through He plasma treatment in which the resistivity of the a-IGZO decreases from 2.98 Ω cm to 2.79 × 10−3 Ω cm after treatment, and then it increases to 7.92 × 10−2 Ω cm after annealing at 300 °C. From the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the concentration of oxygen vacancies in He plasma treated n+a-IGZO does not change much after thermal annealing at 300 °C, indicating thermally stable n+ a-IGZO, even for TFTs with channel length L = 4 μm. Field-effect mobility of the coplanar a-IGZO TFTs with He plasma treatment changes from 10.7 to 9.2 cm2/V s after annealing at 300 °C, but the performance of the a-IGZO TFT with Ar or H2 plasma treatment degrades significantly after 300 °C annealing.
On a zero-range interaction of a quantum particle with the vacuum

Self-adjoint extensions of the operator- Delta with the domain C0infinity (R3) in the space Ck(+)L2(R3) are described. Such operators are interpreted as Hamiltonians of a point interaction of a quantum particle with the vacuum. Bound states and scattering objects of these Hamiltonians are investigated.
Contaminant transport under variable density flow in fractured porous media

A numerical model for simulating flow and transport of contaminants with variable density in fractured porous media is presented. The non-linearities arising from the density variation and the velocty-dependent dispersion terms have been handled by Picard method. It is shown that the contaminant transport in a fractured porous medium is initially dominated by fractures. However, with time increasing, the contaminant concentration in porous blocks increases, due to the leakage of contaminant from the fracture network to the porous blocks. It is also shown that the high density of contaminant has a greater effect on its transport in the fracture network than in the porous blocks. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Karyotypes and COI Gene Sequences of Chironomus agilis2, Ch. balatonicus, and Camptochironomus tentans (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Kurchatskoe Lake, Tyumen Region, Russia

Chironomids can inhabit a large variety of water bodies. They contribute to the process of biological purification of water bodies, and they are a high-quality food for commercial fish. Any comprehensive study of biodiversity in water bodies begins with the investigation of chironomids, which are typically variable and difficult to identify through morphology. Similar species are called sibling-species. For precise identification, we used a comprehensive approach, including morphology, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. In one sample from Kurchatskoe Lake (Tyumen reg.), with mineralized water of 7‰, we found three Chironomus species. Karyological analysis revealed seven banding sequences in Chironomus agilis2, eight in Ch. balatonicus, and seven in Camptochironomus tentans. The combination of balD1.2 was found in all Ch. balatonicus larvae. All the found banding sequences are typical for the studied region, and have previously been recorded in European and Altai populations. All the estimated genetic distances of COI gene sequences in the studied larvae of each species are much lower than the commonly accepted threshold of 3% in species of the genus Chironomus.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br: Insights into Comparative and Phylogenetic Analyses within the Tribe Justiceae

Hypoestes forskaolii is one of the most important species of the family Acanthaceae, known for its high economic and medicinal importance. It is well distributed in the Arab region as well as on the African continent. Previous studies on ethnomedicine have reported that H. forskaolii has an anti-parasitic effect as well as antimalarial and anthelmintic activities. Previous studies mainly focused on the ethnomedicinal properties, hence, there is no information on the genomic architecture and phylogenetic positions of the species within the tribe Justiceae. The tribe Justicieae is the most taxonomically difficult taxon in Acanthoideae due to its unresolved infratribal classification. Therefore, by sequencing the complete chloroplast genome (cp genome) of H. forskaolii, we explored the evolutionary patterns of the cp genome and reconstructed the phylogeny of Justiceae. The cp genome is quadripartite and circular in structure and has a length of 151,142 bp. There are 130 genes (86 coding for protein, 36 coding for tRNA and 8 coding for rRNA) present in the plastome. Analyses of long repeats showed only three types of repeats: forward, palindromic and reverse were present in the genome. Microsatellites analysis revealed 134 microsatellites in the cp genome with mononucleotides having the highest frequency. Comparative analyses within Justiceae showed that genomes structure and gene contents were highly conserved but there is a slight distinction in the location of the genes in the inverted repeat and single copy junctions. Additionally, it was discovered that the cp genome includes variable hotspots that can be utilized as DNA barcodes and tools for determining evolutionary relationships in the Justiceae. These regions include: atpH-atpI, trnK-rps16, atpB-rbcL, trnT-trnL, psbI-trnS, matK, trnH-psbA, and ndhD. The Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree showed that H. forskaolii is a sister to the Dicliptra clade and belongs to Diclipterinae. The result also confirms the polyphyly of Justicia and inclusion of Diclipterinae within justicioid. This research has revealed the phylogenetic position of H. forskaolii and also reported the resources that can be used for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies of the species and the Justicieae.
Ice Nucleus Measurements at Three Sites in Western Washington.

Abstract Simultaneous measurements of ice nuclei have been made at three widely separated sites (city, mountain and coastline) in western Washington for a period of five months in 1968. The ice nucleus counts in the city (Seattle) were considerably greater than those at the two non-urban sites. Moreover, the counts in the city showed peak values when the wind was from the main industrial and urban areas. Ice nucleus counts on the Pacific coast were greatest when the wind was from the mainland. The effects of synoptic and local weather conditions on ice nucleus counts were also investigated. Arctic air masses which were unmodified by local conditions appear to give low ice nucleus counts. In snow and fog the counts were about one-third those in clear air. In some cases the ice nucleus count increased sharply in rain showers and also when fogs dissipated.
Statistical inference with bivariate gamma distributions

SUMMARY In some experimental situations where the use of a covariate could increase the precision of the experiment the distributions of the test variate and the covariate are highly nonnormal. Some of these cases can be analysed by using a bivariate P distribution which is here defined. Methods of testing for a change in the scale parameter in one margin, using the other variate as a control, are described and the corresponding extension to cross-over experiments briefly outlined.
Coordination number of binary mixtures of spheres

This paper presents an experimental study of the coordination number of binary packings by the use of the liquid bridge technique and provides detailed information about the distributed coordination numbers corresponding to different types of contacts between small and large components and their dependence on particle size distribution. The results indicate that increasing the volume fraction of small component increases the small-to-small and large-to-small contacts and decreases the small-to-large and large-to-large contacts; and this trend is more apparent for a packing with a large size difference. For the packings under gravity, the overall mean coordination number is essentially a constant and independent of particle size distribution.
Preferred armchair edges of epitaxial graphene on 6H-SiC(0001) by thermal decomposition

Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to study the edge orientation of graphene fabricated by thermal decomposition of 6H-SiC. The exploration on the atomically resolved structures and the patterns in reciprocal space demonstrates that the armchair direction is always parallel to the basic vector of 6 × 6 reconstruction as well as the close-packed direction of 6H-SiC substrate. This can be used as the criterion to characterize the edge direction of graphene. With this method, it is found that armchair edges are preferred in both monolayer and bilayer regions. This special edge certainly will affect the electronic states and consequently the properties.
Photodouble ionization differential cross sections for D2 with various electron energy sharing conditions

The mutual angular distributions of the two ejected electrons following direct photodouble ionization have been measured for D2 at an excess energy (E) of 25 eV using linearly polarized light. These (γ ,2 e) ‘t riple’ differential cross sections (TDCSs) were obtained for asymmetric electron energy conditions with energy sharing ratios (R = E2/E1) of R = 24, 11.5, 4a nd2.57. In all cases the ‘reference’ electron (energy = E1 )w as orie nted along the direction of the electric field vector (e )a nddetected in coincidence with a second electron (energy = E2) coplanar with e and the photon beam direction (kγ ). For comparison, helium TDCSs were obtained for the same E and R values under nearly identical spectrometer conditions. These show very good agreement with the results of hyperspherical-� -matrix with semi-classical outgoing waves calculations, thus providing even more confidence in the D2 TDCSs where there is as yet no accurate ab initio theory. The similarities and differences between the experimental results associated with the two targets are qualitatively discussed in terms of Feagin’s model (Feagin J M 1998 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 L729).
A generalization of a theorem of Janos and Edelstein

A generalization of Edelstein's version of a theorem of Janos and its converse are obtained: Theorem. Let X be a compact metrizable topological space, and f, g be continuous self-maps of X such that gf = fg and f is bijective. Then g is injective and D fg"X = {x0}> wnere xo e x> lSS. given X, 0 < X < 1, a homeomorphism h of X into l2 exists such that
SPATIAL DIFFERENCING SCHEMES OF THE DISCRETE-ORDINATES METHOD

Abstract Several spatial differencing schemes are used to discretize the radiative transfer equation in the context of the discrete-ordinates method. These are the conventional upwind, central, hybrid, and exponential schemes as well as the high-resolution SMART scheme. The deferred correction strategy is adopted to incorporate the SMART scheme into the discrete-ordinates method. The TN quadrature set is used. Two nonscattering benchmark problems in two and three dimensions and one three-dimensional anisotropically scattering problem are considered. The radiation intensity is sensitive to the spatial differencing scheme used, while integral quantities are somewhat insensitive to the spatial differencing scheme. The SMART scheme yields accurate, nonoscillatory, and positive radiation intensity distributions. The central, exponential, and SMART schemes are almost equally accurate in the prediction of radiative heat transfer in both nonscattering and scattering media.
SKIN EFFECT IN ANISOTROPIC PLASMAS AND RESONANCE EXCITATION OF ELECTRON- CYCLOTRON WAVES. II. EXPERIMENTS

The high‐frequency magnetic fields within a homogeneous plasma sheath were measured as a function of the plasma parameters and a perpendicularly superimposed static magnetic field. These fields are compared with those calculated taking collision into account. A theoretically predicted resonance of the electron cyclotron wave is observed. Investigations on an electrodeless ring discharge with a superimposed static magnetic field perpendicular to the axis of the discharge also exhibit a similar resonance behavior which in the literature was first reported in 1948. However a valid physical explanation has not been previously established thus far. The phenomenon is widely used to optimize the carrier production in inductively coupled high‐frequency ion sources.
Computation of critical tractive stress of scaling sizes in non-uniform sediments

Relationships were proposed expressing the ratio of dimensionless critical tractive stress (CTS) of a particular size fraction to the dimensionless CTS of scaling/representative size in sediment mixtures, as a function of their respective size ratios. The predictor of dimensionless CTS of scaling size is a mandatory requirement to predict the CTS of a particular size fraction of a sediment mixture. Data of the CTS for non-uniform sediments from the previous investigations have been analysed to check the adequacy of these predictors. An equation is proposed to predict the CTS of scaling sediment size in terms of Kramer's uniformity coefficient. The performance of the proposed relationship was also tested by comparing observed and predicted results with independent laboratory and field data. The proposed relationship performs better for both unimodal and bimodal grain size distributions.
Measurements of the light output functions of plastic scintillator using 9 Be(d, n) 10 B reaction neutron source

The light output functions for protons of ST-401 and BC-408 plastic scintillators were measured using white neutron source produced by the 9Be(d, n) 10B reaction at the HI-13 Tandem Accelerator at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The LOFs of plastic scintillators for protons in the energy range of 0.5–16.5 MeV were obtained by the time-of-flight (TOF) technique and an iterative procedure. Two parameters (kB and C) were deduced by fitting the experimental data.
Absorption and fluorescence properties of bifluorene crystal and microcrystals

Optical properties of 2,2′-(9,9-dihexyl) bifluorene bulk crystal and microcrystals embedded in thin sol–gel films are reported. Reflection spectroscopy and Kramers–Kronig analysis are used to derive the absorption spectrum of the bulk crystal. The absorption and emission spectra obtained for the bulk crystal, microcrystals and molecules in dilute solution are very similar. Due to the perpendicular arrangement of molecules in the crystal structure, intermolecular interactions in the crystal phase are weak and have no significant effect on the electronic transitions of luminescent dye. Thus, the crystal phase has a high blue fluorescence efficiency and appears to provide the basis for a convenient approach to overcoming the aggregation tendency that degrades the electroluminescence properties of fluorene-based oligomers and polymers.
The Response of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Populations to Climate in the Easternmost Sites of Its European Distribution

In the context of forecasted climate change scenarios, the growth of forest tree species at their distribution margin is crucial to adapt current forest management strategies. Analyses of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) growth have shown high plasticity, but easternmost beech populations have been rarely studied. To describe the response of the marginal beech population to the climate in the far east sites of its distribution, we first compiled new tree ring width chronologies. Then we analyzed climate–growth relationships for three marginal beech populations in the Republic of Moldova. We observed a relatively high growth rate in the marginal populations compared to core distribution sites. Our analyses further revealed a distinct and significant response of beech growth to all climatic variables, assessing for the first time the relationship between growth and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) which described how plant growth responds to drought. These results highlight that accumulated water deficit is an essential limiting factor of beech growth in this region. In conclusion, beech growth in the easternmost marginal population is drought-limited, and the sensitivity to VPD will need to be considered in future studies to update the forest management of other economic and ecologically important species.
Room-temperature ground magnetic state of ɛ-Fe2O3: In-field Mössbauer spectroscopy evidence for collinear ferrimagnet

ɛ-Fe2O3 is a remarkable iron(III) oxide polymorph exhibiting a large room-temperature (RT) coercive field, coupled magnetoelectric properties, and millimeter-wave ferromagnetic resonance. Despite great application potential, its room-temperature ground magnetic state is still under scrutiny. Employing in-field 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, we unambiguously demonstrate that at room temperature, ɛ-Fe2O3 behaves as a collinear ferrimagnet, hence excluding any canting of sublattice magnetizations. When exposed to an external magnetic field, ɛ-Fe2O3 can be modeled as a two-sublattice ferrimagnetic nanomaterial with the highest coercivity among all currently known ferrimagnetic (nano)materials.
Ice Crystal Concentration in Midlatitude Cirrus Clouds: In Situ Measurements with the Balloonborne Hydrometeor Videosonde (HYVIS)

This study reports on the concentration of ice crystals measured in midlatitude cirrus clouds by a balloonborne hydrometeor videosonde (HYVIS), which has the advantage of measuring small ice crystals in the size range of 10̶100 μm more reliably. The cirrus clouds were generally associated with warm or stationary fronts of synoptic-scale lows. The microphysical dataset consisted of 37 launches from Tsukuba, Japan, during the observation period 1994̶2007. On the basis of the comparison with concurrent data by other airborne instruments in the laboratory, the ice crystal concentrations can be measured by the HYVIS with an uncertainty factor of 2̶3, although significant uncertainties are still included in the size range 10̶30 μm. The reliability of the measured concentrations is supported by the observed size spectra of the dataset in this study and the simulated total concentrations of ice particles with a parcel model. Vertical profiles of size distributions of cirrus cloud ice crystals were obtained for clouds with top temperatures ranging from−33°to−72°C and base temperatures from−3°to−49°C. Ice crystal concentrations varied approximately from the order of 10 −1 to 10 2 L −1 . Median ice crystal concentrationswere typically several tens per liter regardless of temperature or their vertical location. While the concentrations were sometimes the highest near the cloud top, some clouds had their maximum concentration near the cloud base. As ice particles near the cloud base were usually in sublimation zones, it is suggested that crystal breakup through the sublimation process enhanced the concentrations in some cases. There was a large difference between the measured concentrations and simulated ones in earlier modeling studies of cirrus cloud formation that treated the ice crystal generation process through homogeneous ice nucleation of aqueous solution droplets, although the measured ones are probably affected by other physical processes such as secondary ice formation and gravitational sedimentation and turbulent mixing of ice particles after the initial cloud formation. Furthermore, a strong temperature dependence expected from heterogeneous ice nucleation formulas at relatively warm temperatures ( > −25°C) was not found over all temperature ranges. Some implications for ice nucleation mechanisms in cirrus clouds in comparison with recent modeling studies involving heterogeneous ice nucleation at temperatures below −40°C are briefly discussed.
Poiseuille flow and thermal creep flow in long, rectangular channels in the molecular and transition flow regimes

The theoretical Poiseuille flow and the thermal creep flow for rarefied gases in a long, rectangular channel are computed using the BGK model of the Boltzmann equation and diffuse scattering from the walls. These results are compared with available experimental data for Poiseulle flow. The present work provides a way to compute flow in a rectangular channel that is estimated to be accurate to ±5% for common gases.
Polychromatic partially spatially incoherent solitons in a noninstantaneous Kerr nonlinear medium

We analytically and numerically find families of polychromatic partially spatially incoherent solitons in a noninstantaneous Kerr nonlinear medium and analyze their coherence properties. We find that the polychromatic incoherent solitons exist when higher temporal frequency constituents of the light are less spatially coherent than smaller temporal frequency constituents.
An Efficient Homomorphic Aggregate Signature Scheme Based on Lattice

Homomorphic aggregate signature (HAS) is a linearly homomorphic signature (LHS) for multiple users, which can be applied for a variety of purposes, such as multi-source network coding and sensor data aggregation. In order to design an efficient postquantum secure HAS scheme, we borrow the idea of the lattice-based LHS scheme over binary field in the single-user case, and develop it into a new lattice-based HAS scheme in this paper. The security of the proposed scheme is proved by showing a reduction to the single-user case and the signature length remains invariant. Compared with the existing lattice-based homomorphic aggregate signature scheme, our new scheme enjoys shorter signature length and high efficiency.
The Simple Connectedness of a Tame Tilted Algebra

Let k be an algebraically closed field. By algebra A, we mean a finite dimensional associative k-algebra, which we assume moreover to be basic Ž and connected. For such an algebra A, there exists a uniquely deter. Ž . mined connected quiver Q , and at least a surjective algebra morphism A from the path algebra kQ of Q into A, whose kernel is denoted by I ; A A see 6 . The algebra A is called triangular if Q contains no oriented A