Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HYDROPHILIC ACTINIDE COMPLEXATION STUDIED BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION RADIOTRACER TECHNIQUE

Abstract Actinide migration in the ground is enhanced by the formation of water soluble complexes between the actinide ions ( central atoms) and inorganic and/or organic complex formers ( ligands) dissolved in the ground water. It is essentia! to risk analysis of a wet repository to know the concentration of the central atoms and the ligands in the ground water, and the stability of the complexes formed between them (the complex formation constant) from such data the concentration of all dissolved actinide species can be calculated, and-using additional data on sorption, diffusion, and ground water flow rate-the migration rate of the actinides in the ground can be predicted. The important actinides in nuclear waste are U, Np, Pu and Am, all radioactive and with half-lives long enough to allow the determination of their macroscopic properties, usually at> 10ninus7M. However, when dissolved in nature, their concentrations are hardly macroscopic; typical concentration values are<10ninus7 M ( trace concentrations) Because the chemical behavior at trace concentrations often differ from that at macro concentrations (for example polynuclear complex formation), it is important to know the chemical behavior of actinides at trace concentrations in the ground water. One method commonly used for such investigations is the solvent extraction radiotracer ( SXRT) technique, by which the radioactive properties of the actinides are used for their detection. This report describes the SXRT technique in some detail. A particular reason for this analysis is the claim that complex formation constants obtained by the SXRT technique differs even at same actinide concentration, or are less reliable than results obtained by alternative techniques. It is true that several difficulties are encountered in the application of the SXRT technique to actinide solutions, as for example redox instability, hydrophilic complexation by side reactions and sorption, but it is also shown that a careful application of the SXRT technique yields results as reliable as by any other technique. The report contains a literature survey on solvent extraction studies of actinide complexes formed in aqueous solutions, particularly by using the organic reagent thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) dissolved in benzene or chloroform (Tab. I). Hydrolysis constants obtained by solvent extraction are listed in Table IX. The last two tables contain all actinide complexes studied by SX with inorganic ligands (Tab. XI) and with organic ligands (Tab. XII).
Psychological hardiness and mental health of secondary school students: A correlational study

Background: Psychological Hardiness is a defensive personality characteristic against life stresses that plays a major role in improving one’s ability to cope with various pressures. It is an inner resource that may moderate the effects of stress on physical and mental health. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between psychological hardiness and mental health of secondary school students. Methodology: A sample of 200 students (Boys; N=100 and Girls: N=100) from XI standard was randomly selected from the secondary schools of Amritsar City, affiliated to Punjab School Education Board. Data were collected using Hardiness Scale and Mental Health Battery. Results: The data analysis showed a significant positive correlation between components of Hardiness (Commitment and Challenge) and Mental Health (Intelligence and Self concept) in case of boys. On the contrary, in case of girls, a significant negative correlation was found between components of Hardiness (Control & Commitment) and Mental Health (Intelligence & Self-Concept). Conclusion: These findings can be useful in planning efficient interventions and paving the way for taking preventive measures to put off students from poor mental health and helping them in becoming a hardy personality.
Sexual function in uncircumcised women with fibromyalgia: A controlled, cross-sectional, single-center study

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a non-articulate rheumatic syndrome characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain. Objective: The aim was to determine the rate of sexual dysfunction in uncircumcised women with FM and to appraise factors associated with sexual dysfunction in affected women. Patients and Methods: A total of 50 drug-naive uncircumcised women with FM and 50 pain-free matched controls were compared regarding the scores of Arabic female sexual function index and hospital anxiety and depression subscales (HADS-A and HADS-D). The affected women were evaluated for tender point count (TPC), pain level on a visual analog scale (VAS), and FM related difficulties via Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Moreover, the partners of patients and controls were evaluated by the 5-item international index of erectile function (IIEF-5). Results: The mean age of patients was 30.42±4.99 years and controls was 31.4±5.35 years, which was insignificantly different (P=0.345). Overall, 68% of patients and 16% controls displayed abnormal FSFI total scores (P<0.001). FSFI overall and domain scores were significantly lower among patients than controls (P<0.001). HADS-A and HADS-D scores were significantly higher among patients (11.6±4.68 and 11.46±4.96, respectively) than controls (5±2.64 and 2.26±1.68, respectively; P<0.001). IIEF-5 scores were significantly higher among partners of controls (22.48±1.42) compared with those of patients (19.78±2.33, P<0.001). FSFI showed significant (P<0.001) negative correlations with HADS-A, HADS-D, FIQ, VAS, TPC, and duration of disease and significant (P<0.001) positive correlations with frequency of intercourse and IIEF-5. Regression analysis revealed that anxiety, pain severity, and frequency of intercourse were the independent factors associated with sexual impairment in FM (95% confidence interval lower -1.117, -2.374, and 1.185 and upper -0.455, -1.040, and 4.366, and P<0.001, <0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: FM could disturb all dimensions of female sexuality. The relatively high frequency of sexual impairment reported here (68%) was associated with anxiety, pain severity, and frequency of intercourse.
Assessment of tiger corridor between Mudumalai tiger reserve and Mukurthi national park in Nilgiri biosphere reserve, India

Conservation of wildlife corridor is an important management strategy to maintain ecological and genetic connectivity. With this background the present investigation was conducted to study the corridor status in between Mudumalai Tiger Reserve and Mukurthi National Park in Tamil Nadu during the period from August 2014 to July 2015. With respect to herbivore population 11 species of herbivores were recorded through direct and indirect evidence in the study area. Regarding the season, the results revealed that herbivore population were maximum in January and lowest in June. Among the herbivore population, the Sambar deer scored maximum density (6.86/Sq km) followed by Spotted deer (6.56/Sq km) and lowest scored by Elephant (1.63/Sq km). Regarding grids, grid number 28 (45) showed maximum number of herbivore sign and grid number 13 (0) showed lowest through direct and indirect evidence. Regarding distribution of carnivore, Tiger (132) was found to be maximum through indirect evidence than Leopard (58). With respect to season, the result showed that January month showed maximum carnivore population and lowest in June. With respect to grids, the carnivore’s population in grid number 21 encountered maximum indirect evidences occurring 19 times. With respect to Tiger population, grid number 23 recorded maximum evidences occurring 14 times and for Leopard, grid number 21 showed maximum evidences occurring 9 times. It was found that Tigers used 17 grids as a corridor, from Mudumalai to Mukurthi. The probability of movement took from grid number 3 → 4 → 7 → 10 → 11 → 14 → 15 → 17 → →18 → 21 → 22 → 23 → 25 → 28 → 31 → 34 → 35 →36. This was the corridor used by Tiger to move from Mudhumalai to Mukurthi. These grid pathways when monitored regularly and given protection from human intervention, we could protect Tiger population and its expansion in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A NON-PEER REVIEWED PREPRINT SUBMITTED TO EARTHARXIV Mechanistic insights into sulfur rich oil formation, relevant to geological carbon storage routes. A study using APPI-P FTICR-MS(/MS) analysis

7 Sulfur incorporation into sedimentary organic matter has a key role in carbon preservation in the 8 geosphere. Such processes can inform strategies for human timescale carbon storage to mitigate 9 climate change impacts and thus more detailed knowledge of sulfur incorporation into biomass 10 species is needed. Until recently, detailed chemical characterization of sulfurized organic matter 11 was only possible by analyzing individual building blocks obtained after desulfurization 12 reactions. In this study, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR13 MS), with atmospheric pressure photoionization in positive ion mode (APPI-P) was used to 14 investigate the chemical composition of sulfur rich crude oils and to obtain mechanistic insights 15 into the sulfur incorporation reactions happening during early diagenesis. Contrary to the current 16 body of knowledge, APPI-P FTICR-MS data show that sulfurized lipids (with up to 6 sulfur 17 atoms) occur as free molecules in these oils, rather than within a macromolecular network linked 18 by (poly)sulfide bridges. In contrast to Peace River (Canada) oils, the thermally immature Rozel 19 Point (USA) and Jianghan Basin (China) oils show a carbon number preference in sulfurized 20 species resembling biogenic precursor molecules, which highlights the importance of S-bound 21 molecules as geochemical proxies for early diagenetic processes. This study indicates that sulfur 22 incorporation reactions involve the formation of S-cyclic structures in which the double bond 23 equivalent is ≥ the number of S atoms, which can then aromatize to thiophenes depending on the 24 thermal stress level they experience. FTICR-MS/MS experiments suggest the occurrence of 25 intermolecular sulfur incorporation reactions, but only as a mechanism secondary to 26 intramolecular sulfur addition. The FTICR-MS/MS fragmentation studies also indicate the 27 aliphatic nature of class SR1R species and sulfurized alkenones, the preference of cycle-forming 28 sulfur incorporation in steroid structures, and the occurrence, to a minor extent, of thiol/thioether 29
Efficacy of novel antiseptic product containing essential oil of Lippia origanoides to reduce intramammary infections in cows

Background and Aim: The use of antimicrobials in the control of mastitis is of concern in public health due to their inefficiency in targeting microorganisms. Studies with medicinal plants have risen as an alternative to the use of conventional products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental disinfectant based on the essential oil (EO) from Lippia origanoides in preventing the development of new intramammary infections (IMI) in Holstein cows. Materials and Methods: The conventional protocol of pre- and post-milking was used and the control (Conventional treatment [CNV]) and experimental (Experimental treatment [PEX]) products containing EO at 120 μL/mL were applied by immersion. Individual milk samples were analyzed using sheep blood agar methodologies and biochemical tests. The efficiency of the treatment was defined by the presence or absence of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus spp. Results: There were no clinical and subclinical mastitis cases, no lesions in the mucosal of teats, nor dirt score between groups in this study. Both treatments did not influence the occurrence of IMI. Conclusion: The results revealed that PEX acts efficiently against microorganisms compared to the disinfection by the conventional product demonstrating the efficacy of the alternative product on the prevention of new IMIs in dairy cows.
An experimental study of charity hazard

This paper examines the problem of “charity hazard”, which is the crowding out of private insurance demand by government compensation. In the context of flood insurance and disaster financing, charity hazard is particularly worrisome given current trends of increasing flood risks as a result of climate change and more people choosing to locate in high-risk areas. We conduct an experimental analysis of the influence on flood insurance demand of risk and ambiguity preferences and the availability of different forms of government compensation for disaster damage. Certain and risky government compensation crowd out demand, confirming charity hazard, but this is not observed for ambiguous compensation. Ambiguity averse subjects have higher insurance demand when government compensation is ambiguous relative to risky. Policy recommendations are discussed to overcome charity hazard.
Influence of Teachers’ Assessment Competency on Pupils’ Academic Achievement in Kisumu County

Purpose of the study was to establish the influence of teachers’ assessment competency on pupils’ academic achievement in Kisumu County. The study employed survey research design. The study was conceptualized on principles of highquality teaching and learning. Study Population comprised 3290 teachers, 658 head teachers, 7 assurance officers and 7 directors. Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill table was used to select sample of 294 teachers and 203 head teachers. Study sample were selected by stratified, random and purposive sampling. Samples selected comprised 294 teachers, 203 head teachers, 7 assurance officers and 7 directors. Informed consent, confidentiality of respondents were observed and data collected at work place. All sources were cited to avoid plagiarism Data was collected using questionnaire, interview schedule and observation checklist. Validity was ensured by comprehensively including all the study variables after which they were presented for assessment to the specialists in Curriculum and Instruction in Kisii University. Reliability of the instruments was determined by test-retest method. Correlation coefficient of teachers’ questionnaire, Head teachers’ questionnaire, QASOs interview schedule, ADDTMs interview schedule and teachers’ observation checklist yielded 0.75, 0.71, 0.73, 0.74 and 0.77 respectively. Level of significance was set at 5%. Data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative techniques. Quantitative data was sorted, coded and processed using SPSS version 20 to generate frequencies and percentages. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlations and Multiple Linear Regressions to establish presence or absence of correlations and association. Qualitative data were sorted into themes and sub-themes, analyzed in an on-going process then reported in prose. Teaching skills and assessment competencies had statistically significant relationship with pupils’ academic achievement at (0.125), p-value (0.027) < 0.05 and (0.121), p-value (0.033) < 0.05 respectively. It was recommended that teachers’ competencies be enhanced through in-service courses; review tests and measurements in professional studies offered in colleges.
Compliance and its determinants to pharmacologic management of hypertension

Background: Compliance to medications and lifestyle modifications is important in the management of hypertension. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the compliance and its determinants to pharmacological management of hypertension. Material & Methods: A population based cross sectional survey was conducted among 221 known hypertensives in medical college health unit area of urban Trivandrum. Results: Mean age of the study subjects was 64.6 yrs (SD 10.6). The overall compliance with antihypertensives was 62.4%. Male gender, joint/extended family type, family support, co-morbidities, once daily regimen, awareness about the BP control status and adequacy of BP control were the predictors of good compliance. The barriers to compliance were alcohol abuse, out of pocket expenditure and more number of pills/day. Conclusion: Drug compliance among the study population was low compared to previous studies. Low drug compliance and poor blood pressure control among the hypertensives in the area warrants immediate actions to prevent the development of complications. The burden of morbidity and mortality due to hypertension and related complications on the family and health system will be immense if the situation is left unattended.
The prevalence of malnutrition and the nutritional status in children with cerebral palsy and its causes in Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital.

Background: Cerebral palsy is a condition marked by impaired muscle coordination, typically caused by damage to the brain before or at birth. Poor growth and malnutrition are important secondary health conditions impacting the health of children with CP. Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional status of children with CP in general and to assess the relationship between disease complication and malnutrition, the severity of malnutrition and the severity of the disease, in specification. Results: Out of the 119 studied patients 84.9% were underweight for weight per age while only 2.5% were overweight with the remaining subjects within the normal range, also most of the patients who have delayed growth (81.5%) and feeding difficulty (78.2%) were underweight. These symptoms were found among the studied group; chewing, swallowing and suckling difficulties, aspiration, vomiting, seizures and dental caries. It was observed that malnutrition is more prevalent in CP patients with associated medical complications, in patients suffering from chest infection, aspiration pneumonia and the majority of patients with seizures were under weight, implementing a positive relationship between disease status and nutritional status. Regarding the route of feeding 21% were on NGT feeding, 12% on gastrostomy tube feeding and 58% consumed food orally, additionally more than half were totally dependent on feeding (58.8%) while only 3.4% partially dependent which might have worsened their nutritional/ medical status. Reasons of hospital admission were also studied and 31.1% regular follow up, 23.5% chest infection, 17.6% seizures, 5% pneumonia and 22.7% due to other various reasons such as fever. Conclusion: Malnutrition is significantly prevalent among CP children in MCH in Almadinah Almunawarah, KSA and more focus has to be paid regarding the nutritional status of these children, furthermore this is considered the first study in Saudi Arabia to examine the relationship between CP and malnutrition. Thus, hospitals that apply the recommended approach derived from this result will be able to improve CP patient life quality and prevent further disease complications.
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on regeneration of seedlings of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill) Pierre et Pax.

Most soils in the humid tropical zones present a particular problem. Due to leaching, the fertilizer provided by the process of nutrient cycling in tropical rainforest is confined to the top few inches of the soil. Varying quantities of manure and NPK fertilizers were applied to assess their effects on the growth of Ricinodendron heudelotii seedlings, a non-timber-forest-product. Assessment was done by measurements of height, number of leaves, leaf area, seedling biomass, the relative growth rate, and the net assimilation rate. The effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on plant height and number of leaves were not significant, though their effect on leaf area was significant (p<0.05). The total biomass, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate under the different treatment combinations had no significant effect on yield. However, fertilizer treatments had a significant effect among the periods of application for the biomass and the net assimilation rate (p<0.05), but had no significant effect on the observation period for the relative growth rate. Keywords : Manure, NPK, non-timber-forest-product, biomass, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate.
Responsible Gambling Telephone Intervention to High-Risk Gamblers by a State-Owned Gambling Operator in Sweden: Study Protocol for a Study on Effectiveness, User Satisfaction, and Acceptability

Gambling disorder is associated with severe financial, social, and psychological consequences, but treatment-seeking rates have been described to be low. Apart from formal treatment, motivational interventions in nontreatment-seeking high-risk gamblers have been shown to be promising. However, little is known about the effectiveness and acceptability of such motivational interventions carried out by a gambling operator as part of the company’s responsible gambling policies. Early experiences of such interventions are limited by the risk that gambling in individuals reached with the intervention may continue with a different gambling operator. The present study aims to evaluate effectiveness and user acceptability of a responsible gambling intervention continuously carried out by the Swedish state-owned gambling operator Svenska Spel Sport & Casino. This intervention for high-risk gamblers, identified either through substantial monetary losses or through a voluntary self-test by the gambler, includes a motivational telephone intervention aiming to encourage the gambler to set deposit limits, practice self-exclusion, or seek help. This protocol paper describes the two-tailed evaluation of this intervention: (1) A retrospective, register-based study of the effectiveness of the motivational intervention on gambling expenditures, deposit limits, and self-exclusions in comparison to control individuals not reached by the intervention, including all clients reached or attempted to be reached during September 2019–April 2020 (total n = 3626), as well as a one-to-one matched comparison of clients reached (n = 1404) and not reached; and (2) a prospective web survey study in individuals reached by the same ongoing telephone intervention practice from November 2020 (target n = 200), measuring clients’ attitudes to the intervention, perceived effects of the intervention on gambling, and their self-reported gambling on all operators after the intervention.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Spectroscopic evidence of deviation from Maxwell's law of electron velocities in the helium positive column

The measured luminous-flux ratio of the singlet and triplet lines at 5048 and 4713 A is constant close to and on the axis of the discharge tube, but increases towards the tube wall. Analysis shows that an electron-velocity distribution function of exponential form for the region near the tube wall is not compatible with this observation.
ENHANCED WATER SORPTION OF A SEMI-INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORK (IPN) OF POLY(2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE) (PHEMA) AND POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) (PEG)

ABSTRACT An attempt was made to enhance the water-sorption capacity of polymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by preparing its semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with a hydrophilic polymer such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The effects of various factors, such as history of the polymer sample, chemical architecture of the IPN, presence of salt ions in the swelling medium, and temperature of the swelling medium, were investigated on the water sorption kinetics of the IPNs. The IPN was characterized by IR spectral analysis and various structural parameters, such as molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), crosslink density (q) and number of elastically effective chains (Ve), were evaluated. The IPNs were also assessed for their antithrombogenic potential.