Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum Program Synthesis Through Operator Learning and Selection

Programming for quantum computers is complicated and time-consuming, because quantum operations are counterintuitive and their combined effects are difficult to understand. Existing tools allow automatic synthesis of quantum programs, which releases the burden of handwriting. However, many existing systems arrange predetermined operators in successive manner to gradually reduce the gap with requirements; these methods are quick but often produce lengthy programs, and they are difficult to adopt for new operators. Other systems depend on stochastic or heuristic search; they identify near-optimal programs for certain cases, but it is not easy to tune the algorithms for a wide range of cases. We propose a system that produces compact programs for most cases and easily evolves with new operators. The system automatically learns the roles of available operators by composing various possible programs. Based on the knowledge, it selects a subset of operators most appropriate for requirements and uses them to compose a program. The learning is geared toward concise programs; thus, the system tends to produce programs with the fewest operators possible. We implemented the system and evaluated it by synthesizing over 400 programs. In comparison with a state-of-the-art system, the proposed system produced programs with approximately 40-times fewer operators at the cost of increased synthesis time from seconds to minutes. We also observed that the system successfully adopted new operators by learning their differences from existing operators and utilizing them in right places. We believe that the system provides a basis of utilizing machine learning for quantum program synthesis.
Factors Associated with Therapeutic Adherence in Multiple Sclerosis in Spain

Purpose Adherence to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Identifying the predictors of therapeutic adherence in MS will guide the design of interventions to improve health outcomes. Our aim was to assess the degree of adherence to pharmacological treatments, assess the relationship between patient-related factors and pharmacological adherence and to identify predictors of adherence to pharmacological treatments in patients with MS in Spain. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional nationwide study was carried out in Spain between December 2020 and September 2021. The web-based evaluation protocol consisted of a self-questionnaire survey designed ad hoc and the application of validated questionnaires to assess adherence, as well as beliefs about medication and quality of life. Predictor variables of adherence to MS treatment were assessed using multivariate analysis. Results A total of 152 patients with MS participated (mean age: 44 years; 64% were female; and 78% had relapsing-remitting MS). Seventy-three percent of the patients reported being adherent to their pharmacological treatment for MS. Forgetfulness was the most common cause of non-adherence. Necessity beliefs and concerns beliefs were not statistically associated with adherence. The adherent group shows statistically significant better levels of quality of life in the cognitive function subscale than the non-adherent participants (p=0.040). Role limitations-emotional, emotional well-being and overall quality of life were not significantly associated with adherence. Predictors with a statistical association with adherence to treatment were years of education (OR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.65–0.96; p=0.020) and intravenous treatment (OR=3.17; 95% CI: 1.07–9.45; p=0.038). Conclusion We found an adequate adherence to pharmacological treatment. Low education and intravenous treatment were significant predictors of adherence to DMTs.
A Data-Enhanced High Impedance Fault Detection Method Under Imbalanced Sample Scenarios in Distribution Networks

It is still a huge challenge for data-driven methods to detect high impedance fault (HIF) within limited field fault data. Even more, classification of imbalanced data has encountered a significant degradation in predictive performance since most classifiers were trained with the premise of a relatively balanced distribution. In this paper, a data-driven methodology combined with generative adversarial network (GAN) for HIF detection with imbalanced sample scenarios is proposed. By extending the structure and specializing loss function, the improved GAN (IGAN) can be established to learn the intrinsical probability distribution of raw data and sample new HIF data easily. Adding the high-quality dummy fault data into the original imbalanced training data set, equitable predictive accuracy can be achieved and unbiased classification models are available. Experimental results revealed that the proposed method can generate data subject to target distribution outperformed existing methods. Moreover, the validation results on filed data revealed that the proposed method can detect HIF at around 60 ms with fairly higher accuracy on imbalanced samples compared to mainstream data-driven algorithms.
Exploring the Most Effective Apical Seal for Contemporary Bioceramic and Conventional Endodontic Sealers Using Three Obturation Techniques

Background and Objective: Despite a plethora of studies conducted to date, researchers continue to investigate the best sealer and obturation technique combinations. The aim of this study is to compare the apical seal provided by two bioceramic sealers (Endoseal and Endosequence) with that provided by a calcium hydroxide sealer (Sealapex), and to evaluate the effect of different obturation techniques (cold lateral condensation, continuous wave compaction and single cone) on the apical seal under a stereomicroscope. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated, cleaned and shaped using the Endosequence filing system to tip size 30/0.04 taper. Canals were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. The samples were randomly divided into 11 groups (9 experimental and 2 control groups) according to the designated sealer and technique. Samples were stored in an incubator for 7 days at 37 °C under 100% humidity. Samples were coated with nail varnish except for apical 2 mm and vertically placed in 0.2% rhodamine B dye solution for 48 h. Samples were split longitudinally and viewed under a stereomicroscope at 40× magnification. Results: Insignificant results were obtained between obturation techniques (p = 0.499) whereas statistically significant results were attained based on the type of endodontic sealer (p < 0.001). The overall lowest mean apical microleakage and best sealing ability was demonstrated by Sealapex (2.59 ± 1.20 mm) and amongst techniques by continuous wave compaction (3.90 ± 2.51 mm). Conclusions: Endosequence produced the best apical seal with the continuous wave compaction technique, whereas Endoseal did so with the bioceramic-coated single-cone technique. For the Sealapex sealer, the most effective apical seal was observed using cold lateral condensation. The quality and effectiveness of apical seal differed with the type of endodontic sealer and obturation technique used, and vice versa.
Non-Boussinesq gravity currents propagating on different bottom slopes

Abstract Experiments on the non-Boussinesq gravity currents generated from an instantaneous buoyancy source propagating on an inclined boundary in the slope angle range $0^{\circ } \le \theta \le 9^{\circ }$ with relative density difference in the range of $0.05 \le \epsilon \le 0.17$ are reported, where $\epsilon = (\rho _1-\rho _0)/\rho _0$, with $\rho _1$ and $\rho _0$ the densities of the heavy and light ambient fluids, respectively. We showed that a $3/2$ power-law, ${(x_f+x_0)}^{3/2}= K_M^{3/2} {B_0'}^{1/2} (t+t_{I0})$, exists between the front location measured from the virtual origin, $(x_f+x_0)$, and time, $t$, in the early deceleration phase for both the Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq cases, where $K_M$ is a measured empirical constant, $B_0'$ is the total released buoyancy, and $t_{I0}$ is the $t$-intercept. Our results show that $K_M$ not only increases as the relative density difference increases but also assumes its maximum value at $\theta \approx 6^{\circ }$ for sufficiently large relative density differences. In the late deceleration phase, the front location data deviate from the $3/2$ power-law and the flow patterns on $\theta =6^{\circ },9^{\circ }$ slopes are qualitatively different from those on $\theta =0^{\circ },2^{\circ }$. In the late deceleration phase, we showed that viscous effects could become more important and another power-law, ${(x_f+x_0)}^{2}= K_{V}^{2} {B_0'}^{2/3} {{A}^{1/3}_0} {\nu }^{-1/3} (t+t_{V0})$, applies for both the Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq cases, where $K_V$ is an empirical constant, $A_0$ is the initial volume of heavy fluid per unit width, $\nu $ is the kinematic viscosity of the fluids, and $t_{V0}$ is the $t$-intercept. Our results also show that $K_V$ increases as the relative density difference increases and $K_V$ assumes its maximum value at $\theta \approx 6^{\circ }$.
Microflora population and physico-chemical properties of potato-cropped soil as influenced by oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC

The effects of Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC on microflora population and soil physico-chemical properties in potato were investigated over two seasons (2008-9 and 2010-11). The treatments are as follows: oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC @100, 200 and 300 g a.i. ha-1 as pre- emergence, atrazine @ 1000 g ha-1 as pre-emergence, pendimethalin @ 1500 g ha-1 as pre-planting incorporation, farmer practice (hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAP) and unweeded control. Among all the treatments, oxyfluorfen@ 300 g a.i. ha-1 recorded minimum weed population as well as biomass. Potato tuber yield was maximum in oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC @ 300 g a.i. ha-1 (35.032 t ha-1) which is statistically at par with oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC @ 200 g a.i. ha-1 (34.706 t ha-1). Excluding atrazine @ 1000 g ha-1 and pendimethalin @ 1500 g ha-1, no phytotoxicity in potato plants was observed in the herbicidal treatments. Bulk density, water holding capacity, moisture content, soil pH, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, as well as total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents were analyzed along with microflora population (total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi). Soil physico-chemical properties were unchanged. Though, herbicide treatments resulted in decreases in microbial counts initially but with the degradation of applied herbicides within a considerable time, the population even exceeded later than the initial count.
Characterization of tRNA-Derived Fragments in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Respect to Tobacco Smoke

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer that is influenced by etiological agents such as tobacco smoke. Accordingly, transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are implicated in both cancer onset and development and demonstrate the potential to act as targets for cancer treatments and therapies. Therefore, we aimed to characterize tRF expression with respect to LUSC pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. Specifically, we analyzed the effect of tobacco smoke on tRF expression. In order to do so, we extracted tRF read counts from MINTbase v2.0 for 425 primary tumor samples and 36 adjacent normal samples. We analyzed the data in three primary cohorts: (1) all primary tumor samples (425 samples), (2) smoking-induced LUSC primary tumor samples (134 samples), and (3) non-smoking-induced LUSC primary tumor samples (18 samples). Differential expression analysis was performed to examine tRF expression in each of the three cohorts. tRF expression was correlated to clinical variables and patient survival outcomes. We identified unique tRFs in primary tumor samples, smoking-induced LUSC primary tumor samples, and non-smoking-induced LUSC primary tumor samples. In addition, many of these tRFs demonstrated correlations to worse patient survival outcomes. Notably, tRFs in the smoking-induced LUSC and non-smoking-induced LUSC primary tumor cohorts were significantly correlated to clinical variables pertaining to cancer stage and treatment efficacy. We hope that our results will be used to better inform future LUSC diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
Research on the influence of patient cost-sharing on medical expenses and health outcomes: Taking patients with heart failure as an example

Objective The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the changes in patient cost-sharing on the medical expenses and health outcomes of patients with heart failure in China. Methods The claim data of patients diagnosed with heart failure enrolled in the Urban Employees' Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) in the Zhejiang province, China, was used, covering the period from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017. The impact of the policy change was estimated through the use of the difference-in-differences method and the event study method. Results A total of 6,766 patients and their electronic health insurance claim data were included in the baseline year of 2013. Following the change in the UEBMI reimbursement policies (policy change), a notable decrease was observed in the patient cost-sharing ratios, particularly in the copayment ratio within the policy. However, it did not result in a reduction of the out-of-pocket ratio, which remains a primary concern among patients. An increase was observed in annual outpatient medical expenses, while annual inpatient medical expenses decreased, leading to higher annual medical expenses in the treatment group in comparison to the control group. The effect of the UEBMI reimbursement policy change on health outcomes showed a reduction in the rehospitalization rate within 90 days; however, no significant impact was seen on the rehospitalization rate within 30 days. Conclusion The impact of the policy change on medical expenses and health outcomes was found to be modest. To effectively address the financial burden on patients, it is crucial for policymakers to adopt a comprehensive approach that considers all aspects of medical insurance policies, including reimbursement policies.
The first integral method and its application for finding the exact solutions of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (PDES) in the mathematical physics

In this article we apply the first integral method to construct the exact solutions of some nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (PDES) in the sense of modified Riemann–Liouville derivatives, namely the nonlinear fractional Zoomeron equation and the nonlinear fractional Klein- Gordon- Zakharov system of equations. Based on a nonlinear fractional complex transformation, these two nonlinear fractional equations can be turned into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE) of integer order. This method has more advantages: it is direct and concise. Key words: First integral method, exact solutions, nonlinear fractional Zoomeron equation, nonlinear fractional Klein-Gordon-Zakharov system of equations.
On Distribution of Quadratic Forms in Gaussian Random Variables

Two-sided bounds are constructed for a density function $p(u,a)$ of a random variable $|Y - a|^2 $, where Y is a Gaussian random element in a Hilbert space with zero mean. The estimates are sharp in the sense that starting from large enough u the ratio of upper bound to lower bound equals 8 and does not depend on any parameters of a distribution of $|Y - a|^2 $. The estimates imply two-sided bounds for probabilities ${\bf P}(|Y - a| > r)$.
On the attainable set for scalar balance laws with distributed control

The paper deals with the set of attainable profiles of a solution u to a scalar balance law in one space dimension with strictly convex flux function ∂ t u + ∂ x f (u ) = z (t, x ). Here the function z is regarded as a bounded measurable control. We are interested in studying the set of attainable profiles at a fixed time T > 0, both in case z (t, ·) is supported in the all real line, and in case z (t, ·) is supported in a compact interval [a, b ] independent on the time variable t .
Identification of major phenolic compounds of Aloe vera and its protective effect on ovaries under oxidative stress in diabetic rats

: The study investigated the major phenolic compounds of Aloe vera leaf (AVL) by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method , and its protective effect on ovaries under oxidative stress of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The study was conducted on control (untreated healthy rats; C), diabetes (untreated diabetic rats; D) and diabetes+ A. vera treatment (diabetic rats treated with A. vera ; D+A) groups. D+A group was given an ethanolic extract of A. vera (300 mg/kg) for 14 days. Major phenolic compounds of AVL were chlorogenic acid and rutin. alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels increased in D group compared to others groups (P<0.01). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and albumin levels were lower and higher in the C group than in other groups, respectively (P<0.01). In the D group compared to other groups, oxidative stress index (OSI) and total oxidant status levels increased, while total antioxidant status level decreased in both ovarian tissues and blood (P<0.01). Preantral and antral follicle counts decreased in the D group according to other groups (P<0.01) and atretic follicle count increased (P<0.05). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression level (P<0.01), and B-cell lymphoma-2-associated-X-protein (Bax; P<0.01) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ) expression levels (P<0.05) decreased and increased in group D according to other groups, respectively. In conclusion, treatment with AVL decreased OSI, improved follicular dynamics, and restored Bax, TNF-α and PCNA expression in diabetic rats.
A Rheological Equation of State for Semiconcentrated Fiber Suspensions

A rheological equation of state is developed for a semiconcentrated suspension of stiff fibers in a Newtonian solvent with volume fraction φ in the range (D/L)2<φ<(D/L), where L/D is the length‐to‐diameter ratio of the fibers. The constitutive equation gives the stress in terms of an integral over a function of the Cauchy strain tensor and the orientation vector for a fiber. An expression is also obtained for the evolution of the fiber orientation. The development is restricted to homogeneous flows. It is found that in start‐up of steady shear or elongational flow the orientation of the fibers and the measurable rheological properties both depend only on the total applied strain. For a fiber number density of n the contribution of the fibers to the stress is roughly nL3 times that of the solvent when the fibers are randomly oriented, as for example at the beginning of a flow. In the model presented here the viscosity (at steady state) is identical to that of the Newtonian solvent, because of the alignment.
The tropical cookbook: Termite diet and phylogenetics—Over geographical origin—Drive the microbiome and functional genetic structure of nests

Termites are key decomposers of dead plant material involved in the organic matter recycling process in warm terrestrial ecosystems. Due to their prominent role as urban pests of timber, research efforts have been directed toward biocontrol strategies aimed to use pathogens in their nest. However, one of the most fascinating aspects of termites is their defense strategies that prevent the growth of detrimental microbiological strains in their nests. One of the controlling factors is the nest allied microbiome. Understanding how allied microbial strains protect termites from pathogen load could provide us with an enhanced repertoire for fighting antimicrobial-resistant strains or mining for genes for bioremediation purposes. However, a necessary first step is to characterize these microbial communities. To gain a deeper understanding of the termite nest microbiome, we used a multi-omics approach for dissecting the nest microbiome in a wide range of termite species. These cover several feeding habits and three geographical locations on two tropical sides of the Atlantic Ocean known to host hyper-diverse communities. Our experimental approach included untargeted volatile metabolomics, targeted evaluation of volatile naphthalene, a taxonomical profile for bacteria and fungi through amplicon sequencing, and further diving into the genetic repertoire through a metagenomic sequencing approach. Naphthalene was present in species belonging to the genera Nasutitermes and Cubitermes. We investigated the apparent differences in terms of bacterial community structure and discovered that feeding habits and phylogenetic relatedness had a greater influence than geographical location. The phylogenetic relatedness among nests' hosts influences primarily bacterial communities, while diet influences fungi. Finally, our metagenomic analysis revealed that the gene content provided both soil-feeding genera with similar functional profiles, while the wood-feeding genus showed a different one. Our results indicate that the nest functional profile is largely influenced by diet and phylogenetic relatedness, irrespective of geographical location.
A comparison of partial repair with arthroscopic margin convergence suture and open superior capsular reconstruction in patients with massive rotator cuff tear

Introduction: Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) remain a controversial problem for clinicians. There are several recommendations in the literature, from various surgical techniques to the effectiveness of conservative treat-ment. In this study, we aimed to compare clinical outcomes and functional results of open superior capsular reconstruction for massive rotator cuff tear and arthroscopic partial rotator cuff repair with margin convergence. Material and methods: This study included 40 patients with massive rotator cuff tears that could not be treated with arthroscopic partial repair with margin convergence or open superior capsular reconstruction. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the treatment method. Patient assignments for each group were not randomized. Group 1 consisted of 20 patients who underwent open superior capsular reconstruction
On a self-sustaining process in shear flows

A self-sustaining process conjectured to be generic for wall-bounded shear flows is investigated. The self-sustaining process consists of streamwise rolls that redistribute the mean shear to create streaks that wiggle to maintain the rolls. The process is analyzed and shown to be remarkably insensitive to whether there is no-slip or free-slip at the walls. A low-order model of the process is derived from the Navier–Stokes equations for a sinusoidal shear flow. The model has two unstable steady solutions above a critical Reynolds number, in addition to the stable laminar flow. For some parameter values, there is a second critical Reynolds number at which a homoclinic bifurcation gives rise to a stable periodic solution. This suggests a direct link between unstable steady solutions and almost periodic solutions that have been computed in plane Couette flow. It is argued that this self-sustaining process is responsible for the bifurcation of shear flows at low Reynolds numbers and perhaps also for controllin.