Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deciphering Pediatric Root Canal Practices in Turkey: A Comparative Study Bridging the Gap between Practice and Literature

Background Pediatric endodontics is a critical area of dental practice, involving the treatment of root canals in primary teeth. Treatment approaches can significantly vary due to a range of factors, potentially impacting the success of the procedure and patient comfort. This variability, often influenced by regional practices, individual dentist preferences, and the pace of dental technology advancements, warrants detailed examination to improve standardization and care outcomes. Accordingly, our study aims to scrutinize the endodontic practices of pedodontists in Turkey and compare them with contemporary literature. Material/Methods We conducted an online survey with 15 questions that 217 Turkish pedodontists answered. The questionnaire sought information about their preferences in canal length measurement, canal sealer, irrigation solution, and other procedural decisions. Chi-square test was used to analyze the responses, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results The majority of respondents were associated with universities (123 out of 217). 103 preferred rotary file sets, and 114 used apex locators for canal length measurement. Iodoform pastes (160) and sodium hypochlorite (180) were the most popular choices for canal sealers and irrigation solution, respectively. 152 participants did not prefer using rubber dam, and 186 did not favor sonic-ultrasonic activators. Many reported using hand files as students (184), with 39 continuing this practice. Post-graduation, 64 participants took root canal treatment courses, while 72 were reluctant to perform the procedure under general anesthesia. Conclusions No single method stood out as superior for primary root canal treatments in deciduous teeth. Incorporating advanced technology into dental practice may potentially improve treatment success and patient comfort.
Simple and double microemulsions via the capillary breakup of highly stretched liquid jets

We present an exhaustive experimental and theoretical study of the shapes of simple and compound jets formed when one (simple) or two (compound) immiscible liquids are injected into another liquid. The viscosity of the co-flowing external liquid is chosen to vary the characteristic Reynolds number of the outer stream, $Re_{o}$ , over a wide range of values. Our slender-body theory in Gordillo et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 738, 2014, pp. 335–357) is extended to predict the shapes of simple jets when $Re_{o}$ is such that $Re_{o}\gg 1$ and also to predict the shapes of compound jets in the case of $Re_{o}\lesssim O(1)$ . The validity of our theoretical results, applicable to describe the dynamics of simple or compound jets within an outer carrier fluid in a wide variety of practical situations, is tested using a set-up where the liquids flow from a pressurized chamber towards an extraction tube, finding a very good agreement between the predicted and the observed shapes. Moreover, when $Re_{o}\lesssim O(1)$ , and thanks to the fact that the liquid jets produced using our method are highly stretched in the downstream direction, we find that the values of the critical capillary number above which a steady stretched jet is produced, with the capillary number defined here using the outer stream velocity and viscosity, is well below the corresponding critical values characterizing other similar procedures, like flow focusing. This experimental result, which is supported by a spatio-temporal stability analysis in which the axial gradients of the unperturbed solution are retained in the dispersion relation, imply a substantial saving of energy and of the volume of outer liquid necessary to generate a steady capillary jet from which drops are regularly produced. Additionally, making use of continuity arguments and of the fact that drops are formed as a consequence of the growth of a capillary instability, we provide closed expressions for the drop diameters and their production frequencies when the capillary number is above the critical one, in very good agreement with experiments. The simple or double microemulsions generated by the capillary disintegration of the type of simple or compound highly stretched steady jets described here might find applications in biotechnology, pharmacy, cosmetics or materials science.
Functional Renormalization Group Methods in Quantum Chromodynamics

We apply functional Renormalization Group methods to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). First we calculate the mass shift for the pion in a finite volume in the framework of the quark-meson model. In particular, we investigate the importance of quark effects. As in lattice gauge theory, we find that the choice of quark boundary conditions has a noticeable effect on the pion mass shift in small volumes. A comparison of our results to chiral perturbation theory and lattice QCD suggests that lattice QCD has not yet reached volume sizes for which chiral perturbation theory can be applied to extrapolate lattice results for low-energy observables. Phase transitions in QCD at finite temperature and density are currently very actively researched. We study the chiral phase transition at finite temperature with two approaches. First, we compute the phase transition temperature in infinite and in finite volume with the quark-meson model. Though qualitatively correct, our results suggest that the model does not describe the dynamics of QCD near the finite-temperature phase boundary accurately. Second, we study the approach to chiral symmetry breaking in terms of quarks and gluons. We compute the running QCD coupling for all temperatures and scales. We use this result to determine quantitatively the phase boundary in the plane of temperature and number of quark flavors and find good agreement with lattice results.
The Impact of COVID-19 Fear on Mental Wellbeing: Social Connectedness and Optimism as Multiple Mediators

The purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating effects of social connectedness and optimism in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental wellbeing. The sample consisted of 826 individuals (57.7% females, M age = 23.97, SD = 7.65). The participants completed four scales measuring mental wellbeing, fear of COVID-19, social connectedness, and optimism. The correlation analysis results showed that mental wellbeing, social connectedness, and optimism were negatively related to fear of COVID-19. Additionally, structural equation modeling revealed that social connectedness and optimism mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental wellbeing. Findings expanded our understanding of the association among COVID-19 fear, social connectedness, optimism, and mental wellbeing during the pandemic.
Repro Money: An Extension Program to Improve Dairy Farm Reproductive Performance

A farmer-directed, team-based Extension program (Repro Money) was developed and executed by the University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Dairy Science in collaboration with University of Wisconsin–Extension. The goal of the Repro Money program was to help Wisconsin dairy farmers increase reproductive performance and profitability through identification of areas for improvement and implementation of action plans. For the 40 Wisconsin dairy farms that completed the Repro Money program, mean 21-day pregnancy rate increased by 2 percentage points, which was estimated to result in an economic net gain of $31 per cow per year. Extension professionals can apply similar team-based programs to tackle multifaceted, interrelated problems that may be only partially addressed by other, more traditional programming.
Minimal Entropy Production and Efficiency of Energy Conversion in Nonlinear Thermoelectric Systems with Two Temperatures

Abstract In this paper we determine the physical conditions ensuring that the efficiency of a thermoelectric nanowire with two temperatures is optimal. We consider the case in which the entropy for unitary volume depends on the equilibrium variables only, and the case in which such a quantity depends on the dissipative fluxes, too. We prove that in these two different situations the conditions of optimal efficiency are different.
Sequential Estimation of Location Parameter in Exponential Distributions

where oc. < fL < oc. , 0 < a < oc are two unknown parameters. Consider a sequence XI> X2, ••• of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variadles (r.v.'s) with density in (l.l). Our object is to estimate JL, the minimum life. In section 2 we derive a sequential procedure to estimate fL pointwise with minimum risk, which is shown to be 'asymptotically risk efficient' (Starr (1966) ). Basu (1971) considered the same problem, but with a less general loss structure. We point out two gross mistakes in his paper: (i) the proof of his theorem 3 is incorrect; (ii) applicability of his sequential procedure in practice is not substantiated by his computations, since he used an algorithm of J. E. Moyal (given in Robbins (1959)) which is not applicable in this case. Since there is no algorithm available to compute the exact distribution of the random sample size, we study the moderate sample size behaviour of our procedure by Monte-Carlo methods using pseudo-random exponential deviates (i.e. density is .f(x ; 0, 1) ). In section 3, a sequential fixed-width confidence interval procedure is developed for estimating fL· The same is shown to be 'asymptotically consistent' and 'asymptotically efficient' in the Chow-Robbins' (1965) sense. For this problem also, moderate sample size behaviour of our procedure is studied.
An observational study to assess the educational management of conflicts between young children in the Pikler-Lóczy educational approach. Implications in the early development of personality

ABSTRACT Personality develops during early childhood (0–3 years). As early childhood education is becoming a generalized trend worldwide, this means that school or secondary socialization overlaps with family or primary socialization during this key developmental stage. While conflict is fundamental in socialization, conflicts between peers are particularly important in secondary socialization. Our research aims to assess the educational management of conflicts between children in the Pikler-Lóczy educational approach. The choice of Observational Methodology entailed the design of an ad hoc instrument based on relevant theoretical framework and suitable to systematize the proposed observation. Quality control analyses show satisfactory agreement levels while results of data analyses indicate the existence of particular individual actions and relational behaviors in children depending on their role in the conflict: victim or instigator. Additionally, educators’ intervention is adjusted to each child or situation and mainly focuses on behavior regulation and perspective taking, hence, promoting healthy early socialization.
Coexistence Solutions for a Periodic Competition Model with Singular–Degenerate Diffusion

Abstract We investigate a system of singular–degenerate parabolic equations with non-local terms, which can be regarded as a spatially heterogeneous competition model of Lotka–Volterra type. Applying the Leray–Schauder fixed-point theorem, we establish the existence of coexistence periodic solutions to the problem, which, together with the existing literature, gives a complete picture for such a system for all parameters.
On weak-star p-convergent operators

Abstract The purpose of this article is to introduce and study the notion of “weak* p-convergent operator”. We discuss the relationship between the weak* p-convergent operators and the p-convergent operators, a class of operators that was introduced in the paper [4] and which plays an important role in the study of the DP*-property of order p (in the paper [14]). Some new characterizations of Banach spaces with the DP*-property of order p are obtained, the p-Gelfand-Phillips property is introduced and the behaviour of weak* p-convergent operators on Banach spaces with this property (with focus on Banach lattices with the p-Gelfand-Phillips property) is investigated. In the last section of this paper, we consider the domination properties of positive p-convergent and positive weak* p-convergent operators on Banach lattices.
An analogue of modular BPZ-equation in logarithmic (super)conformal field theory

We prove a general result on the size of the largest $L(0)$-Jordan cell in the category of modules for any $C_2$-cofinite vertex algebra. Then we analyze certain null vector conditions for the triplet $\mathcal{; ; W}; ; (p)$ (and the supertriplet vertex algebra $\mathcal{; ; SW}; ; (m)$), allowing us to construct modular differential equations satisfied by its vacuum pseudotraces (i.e, {; ; generalized characters}; ; ). Consequently, the category of weak modules for $\mathcal{; ; W}; ; (p)$ (or $\mathcal{; ; SW}; ; (m)$) admits $L(0)$-Jordan cells of size at most two, while the vector space of generalized characters for $\mathcal{; ; W}; ; (p)$ and $\mathcal{; ; SW}; ; (m)$ is $(3p-1)$ and $(3m+1)$- dimensional, respectively. Closely related to our modular differential equations are certain "logarithmic" $q$-series identities for powers of the Dedekind $\eta$-function, obtained by using ideas from [M1]-[M4].
Gefilterte Rayleigh-Streuung zur simultanen Bestimmung von Druck-, Temperatur- und Geschwindigkeitsfeldern in Gasströmungen

Der messtechnischen Charakterisierung von Gasstromungen kommt sowohl in der Luftfahrt als auch in der Energie- und Verfahrenstechnik grose Bedeutung zu. Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines laseroptischen Messverfahrens, welches auf der spektralen Auswertung gefilterter Rayleigh-Streuung (FRS) basiert und die gleichzeitige Messung von zeitlich gemittelten Druck-, Temperatur- und Geschwindigkeitsfeldern unter den anspruchsvollen Bedingungen moderner Gasturbinenprufstande ermoglicht. Die hier verfolgte Umsetzung des FRS-Verfahrens basiert auf der sogenannten Frequenzscan-Methode. Durch Erweiterung des aus der Literatur bekannten mathematischen Modells wird eine robuste alternative Modellgleichung abgeleitet. Messabweichungen zur analytischen Losung eines Freistrahlexperiments werden mittels einer Untergrundkorrektur sowie durch Ersetzen des Standard-Spektrenmodells nach Tenti durch eine kalibrierte analytische Formulierung erheblich reduziert. Die Vielseitigkeit des entwickelten Verfahrens wird durch eine Reihe von Anwendungsbeispielen in Luftstromungen sowie Verbrennungsumgebungen belegt. The characterization of gas flows is of great importance both in aerospace as well as power engineering. The aim of this work is to provide a measuring system based on spectrally filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS), which allows for a simultaneous determination of time-averaged pressure, temperature and velocity fields under the challenging conditions of modern gas turbine test benches. The implementation of FRS pursued here is based on the so-called frequency scanning method. By extending the underlying mathematical model, a robust alternative to existing approaches is introduced. Deviations between the analytical solution of a jet flow experiment and measured results are significantly reduced in applying a background correction method and in replacing the standard lineshape model by Tenti through a calibrated analytical formulation. The versatility of the developed method is subject to a number of application examples in airflows as well as combustion environments.
Idealized modeling of convective organization with changing sea surface temperatures using multiple equilibria in weak temperature gradient simulations

The weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation is a method of parameterizing the influences of the large scale on local convection in limited domain simulations. WTG simulations exhibit multiple equilibria in precipitation; depending on the initial moisture content, simulations can precipitate or remain dry for otherwise identical boundary conditions. We use a hypothesized analogy between multiple equilibria in precipitation in WTG simulations, and dry and moist regions of organized convection to study tropical convective organization. We find that the range of wind speeds that support multiple equilibria depends on sea surface temperature (SST). Compared to the present SST, low SSTs support a narrower range of multiple equilibria at higher wind speeds. In contrast, high SSTs exhibit a narrower range of multiple equilibria at low wind speeds. This suggests that at high SSTs, organized convection might occur with lower surface forcing. To characterize convection at different SSTs, we analyze the change in relationships between precipitation rate, atmospheric stability, moisture content, and the large‐scale transport of moist entropy and moisture with increasing SSTs. We find an increase in large‐scale export of moisture and moist entropy from dry simulations with increasing SST, which is consistent with a strengthening of the up‐gradient transport of moisture from dry regions to moist regions in organized convection. Furthermore, the changes in diagnostic relationships with SST are consistent with more intense convection in precipitating regions of organized convection for higher SSTs.
The vorticity induced chiral separation effect from the compactified D4-branes with smeared D0-brane charge

By using the boundary derivative expansion formalism of fluid/gravity correspondence, we study the chiral vortical separation effect in a strongly coupled nonconformal relativistic fluid in the background of D0-D4 Sakai-Sugimoto model. The relativistic fluid of this model is nonconformal with a conserved axial vector current, and the presence of the chiral vortical separation effect is induced by the addition of a Chern-Simons term in the bulk action. Except the non-dissipative anomalous viscous coefficient and the sound speed, all other thermal and hydrodynamical quantities of first order depend on the temperature and the axial chemical potential. Stability analysis shows that this anomalous relativistic fluid is stable and the doping of smeared D0-brane will slow down the sound speed.
Evaluating the use of realtime data in forecasting output levels and recessionary events in the USA

The paper proposes a modelling framework and evaluation procedure to judge the usefulness of realtime data sets incorporating past data vintages and survey expectations in forecasting. The analysis is based on ‘metamodels’ obtained by using model averaging techniques and judged by various statistical and economic criteria, including a novel criterion based on a fair bet. Analysing US output data over 1968, quarter 4–2015, quarter 1, we find that both elements of the realtime data are useful with their contributions varying over time. Revisions data are particularly valuable for point and density forecasts of growth but survey expectations are important in forecasting rare recessionary events.
The impact of radiation damage on electron multiplying CCD technology for the WFIRST coronagraph

This thesis follows an investigation into the effects of radiation damage on the e2v CCD201-20; the detector baselined for use in the WFIRST coronagraph imaging and spectroscopy camera systems (hereafter, WFIRST CGI). The CCD201 is an EM-CCD, a variant of traditional CCD technology that is well suited for operation in light starved conditions. Despite successful implementation on many ground-based instruments, the technology has yet to be used within a space environment and therefore has low technological maturity compared to the standard CCD counterpart. Improvement of the technological maturity rested upon in-depth investigations into the effect of radiation damage on the CCD201, which in turn could be used to estimate the End Of Life (EOL) performance of the instrument and de-risk the utilisation of EM-CCDs for the mission. An in-depth radiation campaign was completed whereby multiple CCD201s were irradiated to multiple fluence levels at both room temperature and the nominal operating temperature of the mission (165 K). Performance was measured prior to and following each irradiation, including measurements of low-signal Charge Transfer Inefficiency (CTI), dark current and Clock Induced Charge (CIC). Significant performance differences were noted between the room temperature and cryogenic irradiation case, indicating that cryogenic irradiations are instrumental to accurate EOL performance estimates. CTI was identified as the key limitation to CGI science performance, and so attention then turned to amelioration strategies focused on improving performance in the presence of radiation damage, including trap pumping and narrow-channel modelling. The results presented in this thesis have helped lead to the adoption of the CCD201-20 for the WFIRST mission, have provided key insight into the differences between room temperature and cryogenic irradiations, have advanced the “trap pumping” technique for use on EM-CCDs and presented the properties on the dominant traps that impact CTI for radiation damaged CCDs. The findings are not only useful for the WFIRST CGI, but for any future space mission that will utilise EM-CCD technology in an environment where radiation has the potential to degrade science performance.
Barriers and Strategies to Finding Employment for Substance-Involved Women Leaving Jail: A Feminist Analysis

Women transitioning from jail contexts have cited employment as their greatest priority, though this population often has difficulty finding and maintaining employment. Using an applied thematic analysis and a sample of 60 women leaving substance use treatment after spending time in jail, this research identifies common barriers to employment, as well as strategies used to overcome these barriers. The most common barrier faced by women was transportation, followed by justice system involvement and physical disabilities/mental health concerns. Though transportation barriers were most often mentioned, women were also most likely to mention strategies to address them. Women were least likely to mention strategies to navigate caretaking responsibilities and physical disabilities/mental health concerns. Finally, this work identifies several facilitators of employment for women who did not experience barriers to finding work. The results of this research promote gender-responsive approaches to employment-related programming.
Delay Dependent Robust Stability of T-S Fuzzy Systems with Additive Time Varying Delays

This paper presents delay dependent stability conditions of T-S fuzzy systems with additive time varying delays. The approach is based on constructing a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, and Finsler’s lemma. The perturbations considered are norm bounded and the results are expressed in terms of LMIs. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the present technique, compared to some recent results.
Teachers' technological competencies in enhancing teaching and learning in secondary schools in Tanzania

The purpose of this study was to investigate level of teachers’ technological competencies and the effect of teachers’ age, gender, educational level and teaching experience in relation to their technological competencies they hold. Questionnaires were used to collect the data from 139 teachers from selected schools using simple random and purposive sampling procedures. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out using SPSS software version 23. The study found that majority of teachers were at the first level of technological competency (KA). It was also found that there was significant difference between teachers’ level of education and technological competencies they hold. However, the study found that there is no significant difference between teachers’ gender, age and working experience and technological competencies they hold at p-value of 0.05, though there were some variations. The study recommends that provision of training among teachers should focus on uplifting teachers from KA level to another levels.