Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the pQCD Approach to the Baryonic Decays Lambda(b) ---> p pi, p K

We calculate the CP-averaged branching ratios and CP-violating asymmetries for the two-body charmless hadronic decays $\Lambda_b \to p \pi, pK$ in the perturbative QCD (pQCD) approach to lowest order in $\alpha_s$. The baryon distribution amplitudes involved in the factorization formulae are considered to the leading twist accuracy and the distribution amplitudes of the proton are expanded to the next-to-leading conformal spin (i.e., "P" -waves), the moments of which are determined from QCD sum rules. Our work shows that the contributions from the factorizable diagrams in $\Lambda_b \to p \pi, pK$ decays are much smaller compared to the non-factorizable diagrams in the conventional pQCD approach. We argue that this reflects the estimates of the $\Lambda_b \to p$ transition form factors in the $k_T$ factorization approach, which are found typically an order of magnitude smaller than those estimated in the light-cone sum rules and in the non-relativistic quark model. As an alternative, we adopt a hybrid pQCD approach, in which we compute the factorizable contributions with the $\Lambda_b \to p$ form factors taken from the light cone QCD sum rules. The non-factorizable diagrams are evaluated utilizing the conventional pQCD formalism which is free from the endpoint singularities. The predictions worked out here are confronted with the recently available data from the CDF collaboration on the branching ratios and the direct CP asymmetries for the decays $ \Lambda_b \to p \pi$, and $\Lambda_b \to p K$. The asymmetry parameter $\alpha$ relevant for the anisotropic angular distribution of the emitted proton in the polarized $\Lambda_b$ baryon decays is also calculated for the two decay modes.
Thermophysical Properties of Sawdust and Coconut Coir Dust Incorporated Unfired Clay Blocks

Sawdust and coconut coir dust are agro-wastes/by-products which are suitable for use as raw materials to manufacture unfired clay blocks due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. A limited number of studies have been conducted on the utilisation of these agro-wastes in clay block production, and they have mostly been devoted to investigating the physicomechanical properties, with less attention given to the thermal properties. Moreover, the majority of the studies have used chemical binders (cement and lime) in combination with agro-waste, thus increasing the carbon footprint and embodied energy of the samples. Furthermore, no research has been performed on the thermal performance of these agro-wastes when incorporated into clay blocks at the wall scale. Therefore, to address these limitations, the present study developed unfired clay blocks incorporating sawdust and coconut coir dust (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% by weight), without the use of chemical binders, and evaluated their thermal performance, both at the individual and wall scales. The experiments were divided into two phases. In the first phase, individual sample blocks was tested for basic thermal properties. Based on the results of the first phase, small walls with dimensions of 310 mm × 215 mm × 100 mm were built in the second phase, using the best performing mixture from each waste type, and these were assessed for thermal performance using an adapted hot box method. The thermal performance of the walls was evaluated by measuring the heat transfer rate from hot to cold environments and comparing the results to the reference wall. The results showed that thermal conductivity decreased from 0.36 W/mK for the reference sample, to 0.19 W/mK for the 7.5% coconut coir dust sample, and 0.21 W/mK for the 7.5% sawdust sample, indicating an improvement in thermal insulation. Furthermore, the coconut coir dust and sawdust sample walls showed a thermal resistance improvement of around 48% and 35%, respectively, over the reference sample wall. Consequently, the findings of this study will provide additional essential information that will help in assessing the prospective applications of sawdust and coconut coir dust as the insulating material for manufacturing unfired clay blocks.
Impact of local rivers on coastal acidification

Coastal ecosystems are highly dynamic areas for carbon cycling and are likely to be negatively impacted by increasing ocean acidification. This research focused on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) in the Mississippi Sound to understand the influence of local rivers on coastal acidification. This area receives large fluxes of freshwater from local rivers, in addition to episodic inputs from the Mississippi River through a human‐built diversion, the Bonnet Carré Spillway. Sites in the Sound were sampled monthly from August 2018 to November 2019 and weekly from June to August 2019 in response to an extended spillway opening. Prior to the 2019 spillway opening, the contribution of the local, lower alkalinity rivers to the Sound may have left the study area more susceptible to coastal acidification during winter months, with aragonite saturation states (Ωar) < 2. After the spillway opened, despite a large increase in TA throughout the Sound, aragonite saturation states remained low, likely due to hypoxia and increased CO2 concentrations in subsurface waters. Increased Mississippi River input could represent a new normal in the Sound's hydrography during spring and summer months. The spillway has been utilized more frequently over the last two decades due to increasing precipitation in the Mississippi River watershed, which is primarily associated with climate change. Future increases in freshwater discharge and the associated declines in salinity, dissolved oxygen, and Ωar in the Sound will likely be detrimental to oyster stocks and the resilience of similar ecosystems to coastal acidification.
Infinite mode quantum Gaussian states

Quantum Gaussian states on Boson Fock spaces are quantum versions of Gaussian distributions. In this paper, we explore infinite mode quantum Gaussian states. We extend many of the results of Parthasarathy in [ 14 , 16 ] to the infinite mode case, which includes various characterizations, convexity and symmetry properties.
Tangent spaces and tangent bundles for diffeological spaces

We study how the notion of tangent space can be extended from smooth manifolds to diffeological spaces, which are generalizations of smooth manifolds that include singular spaces and infinite-dimensional spaces. We focus on two definitions. The internal tangent space of a diffeological space is defined using smooth curves into the space, and the external tangent space is defined using smooth derivations on germs of smooth functions. We prove fundamental results about these tangent spaces, compute them in many examples, and observe that while they agree for smooth manifolds and many of the examples, they do not agree in general. After this, we recall Hector's definition of the tangent bundle of a diffeological space, and show that both scalar multiplication and addition can fail to be smooth, revealing errors in several references. We then give an improved definition of the tangent bundle, using what we call the dvs diffeology, which ensures that scalar multiplication and addition are smooth. We establish basic facts about these tangent bundles, compute them in many examples, and study the question of whether the fibres of tangent bundles are fine diffeological vector spaces. Our examples include singular spaces, spaces whose natural topology is non-Hausdorff (e.g., irrational tori), infinite-dimensional vector spaces and diffeological groups, and spaces of smooth maps between smooth manifolds (including diffeomorphism groups).
Navigating the Intersection of COVID-19 and (Re)new(ed) Calls for Racial Justice: A Qualitative Examination of the Experiences of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Professionals in College Athletics During A Year of “Social Justice Awakening”

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) professionals in the NCAA athletics governance structure. The specific focus was centered on the multiple crises of summer 2020, including both the COVID-19 pandemic and calls for social injustices and its effects on DEI work and the impacts on DEI professionals within college athletics. In total, 23 semi-structured interviews were completed with the DEI professionals, with five major themes emerging from the results, including: (1) Reorganization of Priorities, (2) Reactive vs. Proactive Work, (3) Challenges of Virtual DEI Engagement, (4) Emotional Fatigue, and (5) Validation of DEI work. The implications for future research and practitioners will be further explored.
Nonlinear stability of cosmological solutions in massive gravity

We investigate nonlinear stability of two classes of cosmological solutions in massive gravity: isotropic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) solutions and anisotropic FLRW solutions. For this purpose we construct the linear cosmological perturbation theory around axisymmetric Bianchi type-I backgrounds. We then expand the background around the two classes of solutions, which are fixed points of the background evolution equation, and analyze linear perturbations on top of it. This provides a consistent truncation of nonlinear perturbations around these fixed point solutions and allows us to analyze nonlinear stability in a simple way. In particular, it is shown that isotropic FLRW solutions exhibit nonlinear ghost instability. On the other hand, anisotropic FLRW solutions are shown to be ghost-free for a range of parameters and initial conditions.
Influence of the Polyakov loop on the chiral phase transition in the two flavor chiral quark model

The SU(2){sub L}xSU(2){sub R} chiral quark model consisting of the ({sigma},{pi}-vector) meson multiplet and the constituent quarks propagating on the homogeneous background of a temporal gauge field is solved at finite temperature and quark baryon chemical potential {mu}{sub q} using an expansion in the number of flavors N{sub f}, both in the chiral limit and for the physical value of the pion mass. Keeping the fermion propagator at its tree level, several approximations to the pion propagator are investigated. These approximations correspond to different partial resummations of the perturbative series. Comparing their solution with a diagrammatically formulated resummation relying on a strict large-N{sub f} expansion of the perturbative series, one concludes that only when the local part of the approximated pion propagator resums infinitely many orders in 1/N{sub f} of fermionic contributions a sufficiently rapid crossover transition at {mu}{sub q}=0 is achieved allowing for the existence of a tricritical point or a critical end point in the {mu}{sub q}-T phase diagram. The renormalization and the possibility of determining the counterterms in the resummation provided by a strict large-N{sub f} expansion are investigated.
Leading Student-Athletes to Success Beyond the Field: Assessing the Role of Leadership in Adopting High Impact Practices in Intercollegiate Athletics

Given the current culture and climate on college campuses, it is imperative that all students have the opportunity to participate in deep learning experiences, impacting their time on campus and preparing them for their impending transition into the workforce. While high impact practices (HIPs) are readily available, and encouraged, to the majority of the student population, it can be difficult for student-athletes to partake in such endeavors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role that leadership plays in the integration (or lack thereof) of HIPs into the student-athlete development process. Through semi-structured, phenomenological interviews with 21 staff members (administration, coaching, academics) of a mid-major Division I intercollegiate athletic program, the researchers were able to further understand the impact of leadership on HIPs in intercollegiate athletics. With this, three primary themes, with multiple sub-themes, emerged. These include Resources, Messaging, and Relationships. While there was a mix of positive and negative aspects of each theme, the general idea was that without a university directive, or a transformational leader, this type of pursuit would not be an overarching priority. Both theoretical and practical implications, as well as recommendations, are discussed.
Strain in semiconductor core-shell nanowires

We compute strain distributions in core-shell nanowires of zinc blende structure. We use both continuum elasticity theory and an atomistic model, and consider both finite and infinite wires. The atomistic valence force-field (VFF) model has only few assumptions. But it is less computationally efficient than the finite-element (FE) continuum elasticity model. The generic properties of the strain distributions in core-shell nanowires obtained based on the two models agree well. This agreement indicates that although the calculations based on the VFF model are computationally feasible in many cases, the continuum elasticity theory suffices to describe the strain distributions in large core-shell nanowire structures. We find that the obtained strain distributions for infinite wires are excellent approximations to the strain distributions in finite wires, except in the regions close to the ends. Thus, our most computationally efficient model, the FE continuum elasticity model developed for infinite wires, is s.
The Mechanism of Action between Pulsed Radiofrequency and Orthobiologics: Is There a Synergistic Effect?

Radiofrequency energy is a common treatment modality for chronic pain. While there are different forms of radiofrequency-based therapeutics, the common concept is the generation of an electromagnetic field in the applied area, that can result in neuromodulation (pulsed radiofrequency—PRF) or ablation. Our specific focus relates to PRF due to the possibility of modulation that is in accordance with the mechanisms of action of orthobiologics. The proposed mechanism of action of PRF pertaining to pain relief relies on a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration, a general effect on the immune system, and a reduction in the formation of free radical molecules. The primary known properties of orthobiologics constitute the release of growth factors, a stimulus for endogenous repair, analgesia, and improvement of the function of the injured area. In this review, we described the mechanism of action of both treatments and pertinent scientific references to the use of the combination of PRF and orthobiologics. Our hypothesis is a synergic effect with the combination of both techniques which could benefit patients and improve the life quality.
Modes of star formation from Herschel

Abstract We summarize some of the results obtained from Herschel surveys of nearby star forming regions and the Galactic plane. We show that in the nearby star forming regions the starless core spatial surface density distribution is very similar to that of the young stellar objects. This, taken together with the similarity between the core mass function and the initial mass function for stars and the relationship between the amount of dense gas and star formation rate, suggest that the cloud fragmentation process defines the global outcome of star formation. This “simple” view of star formation may not hold on all scales. In particular dynamical interactions are expected to become important at the conditions required to form young massive clusters. We describe the successes of a simple criterion to identify young massive cluster precursors in our Galaxy based on (sub-)millimeter wide area surveys. We further show that in the location of our Galaxy where the best candidate for a precursor of a young massive cluster is found, the “simple” scaling relationship between dense gas and star formation rate appear to break down. We suggest that in regions where the conditions approach those of the central molecular zone of our Galaxy it may be necessary to revise the scaling laws for star formation.
Challenges and Difficulties Related to the Professional Performance and Training of Peruvian Medical Residents during a Pandemic

Physicians that pursue postgraduate studies must simultaneously manage activities related to their academic training and their duties as specialized in a hospital. The aim of this study was to determine the challenges that affect the professional development and growth of 142 first-year medical residents from a private university in Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The residents responded to an online questionnaire with eight open-ended questions soliciting the identification of two difficulties or challenges per question. Descriptive analysis of the challenges that were detected was carried out and two binomial logistic regression models were tested to evaluate the effect of academic and personal factors on professional development. A structural regression model with three predicting factors (Academic training, Mentorship and use of ICT, and Health conditions) was also tested to predict professional development. Over 80% of the residents expressed having problems with their professional performance, activities, and attention span during the residency. The adjusted logistic regression model explained 42% of the effect of factors that make the emergence of challenges for medical residents more probable in the performance of professional activities. Likewise, the structural regression model indicated a good fit, where all three factors significantly explained medical residents’ professional performance; however, the Mentorship and use of ICTs factor was the best predictor of professional performance during the residency program.
MID-INFRARED DETERMINATION OF TOTAL INFRARED LUMINOSITY AND STAR FORMATION RATES OF LOCAL AND HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES

We demonstrate estimating the total infrared luminosity, L(TIR), and star formation rates (SFRs) of star-forming galaxies at redshift 0 < z < 2.8 from single-band 24 μm observations, using local spectral energy distribution (SED) templates without introducing additional free parameters. Our method is based on characterizing the SEDs of galaxies as a function of their L(TIR) surface density, which is motivated by the indications that the majority of IR luminous star-forming galaxies at 1 < z < 3 have extended star-forming regions, in contrast to the strongly nuclear concentrated, merger-induced starbursts in local luminous and ultraluminous IR galaxies. We validate our procedure for estimating L(TIR) by comparing the resulting L(TIR) with those measured from far-IR observations, such as those from Herschel in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS) and Hubble Deep Field North (HDFN), as well as L(TIR) measured from stacked far-IR observations at redshift 0 < z < 2.8. Active galactic nuclei were excluded using X-ray and 3.6–8.0 μm observations, which are generally available in deep cosmological survey fields. The Gaussian fits to the distribution of the discrepancies between the L(TIR) measurements from single-band 24 μm and Herschel observations in the ECDFS and HDFN samples have σ < 0.1 dex, with ∼10% of objects disagreeing by more than 0.2 dex. Since the 24 μm estimates are based on SEDs for extended galaxies, this agreement suggests that ∼90% of IR galaxies at high z are indeed much more physically extended than local counterparts of similar L(TIR), consistent with recent independent studies of the fractions of galaxies forming stars in the main-sequence and starburst modes, respectively. Because we have not introduced empirical corrections to enhance these estimates, in principle, our method should be applicable to lower luminosity galaxies. This will enable use of the 21 μm band of the Mid-Infrared Instrument on board the James Webb Space Telescope to provide an extremely sensitive tracer of obscured SFR in individual star-forming galaxies across the peak of the cosmic star formation history.
Substituting Whole Wheat Flour with Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Flour in Chapati: Effect on Nutritional Characteristics, Color Profiles, and In Vitro Starch and Protein Digestion

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. ), a potential legume as an economical source of protein, is commonly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Therefore, pigeon pea may be potentially used as a substitute to improve the nutritional profile of foods. In the present study, the effect of substitution of whole wheat flour (WWF) with 20% and 40% pigeon pea flour (PPF) on the nutritional properties, color profiles, and starch and protein digestibility of chapati was investigated. The results showed that PPF had higher protein content but less carbohydrate than WWF. The protein content of chapati substituted with 20% and 40% PPF increased by 1.18 and 1.34 times, respectively, compared to WWF chapati, along with a marked decrease in carbohydrate content. Analyses further revealed an increase in the lightness and yellowness and a decrease in the redness of the chapati. Furthermore, glucose release from chapati with 20% and 40% PPF under simulated digestion was attenuated, corresponding to decreased hydrolysis and a predicted glycemic index. In the 40% PPF chapati, a significant reduction in slowly digestible starch (SDS) with increased resistant starch (RS) proportions was achieved without altering the effect on rapidly digestible starch (RDS). In addition, the level of amino-group residues was markedly elevated in 20% and 40% PPF substituted chapati compared to WWF chapati. These findings suggest that PPF can serve as a promising plant-based alternative ingredient to improve the nutrient value of chapati by reducing starch and increasing protein digestibility.
Demystifying the components of public service motivation among young public servants in China: a qualitative inquiry

ABSTRACT While public service motivation (PSM) is universally acknowledged as a value-laden and context-contingent construct, few studies have relied on qualitative methodologies to investigate unique components and dimensions of PSM in a Chinese context. Thus, our knowledge of on-the-job motivation (held by Chinese public employees) and how the cultural and political systems shape these motivations remains limited. This study fills this gap through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 22 junior public servants working at various organisational levels, geographic locations, and functional departments. The findings show that an attachment to the governance regime and predilection towards becoming a politician are two key dimensions that capture the rational motives among Chinese civil servants. In terms of norm-based motives, Confucianism-oriented authoritative values (including government-centric conception, collectivism, obedience, and moral obligations to serve the public) combine to affect the ways in which Chinese nascent public workers interpret the notion of public interests. In addition, love for both the family and nation serves as a core affective factor that contributes towards one’s willingness to seek membership in the public sector. This study ultimately helps construct an all-encompassing yet localised PSM concept, laying the foundation for subsequent quantitative examinations, validations, and replications of PSM-related theories in China.