Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and Challenges of Urban Farming in Ethiopia: Evidence from Vegetable Producers in Addis Ababa

Purpose: Despite barriers that make it less productive, vegetable production is becoming an important activity among urban dwellers in developing countries, including Ethiopia, to achieve food security. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the challenges faced by small-scale vegetable producers and the opportunities for urban farming in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: In this research, data were collected using questionnaire surveys and focus group discussions. A probability sampling technique was employed to select the respondent households. Household survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multinomial logistic regression. The challenges of urban vegetable production were analysed through the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT) and Force field analysis. Findings: According to the study's findings, respondents have positive perceptions for vegetable production, and the majority of them intend to engage in vegetable production in the future. The main challenge of vegetable production activities were limited access to land, pests and diseases and water shortages. The results of the regression analysis show that land size, gender, age and shelter are the most significant factors that determine vegetable production. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study's findings suggest that there are opportunities for expanding existing production networks, such as home food gardens, and enhancing community food sovereignty by leveraging local knowledge of urban vegetable production.
Prospective study on outcome of MDR-TB using the shorter regimen during COVID-19 pandemic

Background: According to Indian TB report 2020, 66,225 MDR/RR-TB cases were detected in India, 56,569 (85%) were put on treatment, and 40,397 (75%) were initiated on shorter drug regimens at the time of diagnosis. In the absence of an effective vaccine, there is an urgent need for new treatment regimens, drugs, and diagnostics to slow the evolution of drug resistance and limit transmission of resistant variants, as well as to ameliorate the treatment outcome of patients infected with MDR/XDR M. tuberculosis strains. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a shorter drug regimen in MDR-PTB and estimate the adverse effects of drugs used in the regimen. Methods: This is an institution-based prospective study which included 135 confirmed MDR-PTB patients. Patients with extra-pulmonary MDR-TB and use of SLI for more than one month were excluded. Results: The success rate using a shorter regimen was 65.2% which is respectable, given the COVID-19 pandemic considered during the study period. Minor adverse events such as nausea (39.3%) and vomiting (34.8%) were reported. Rare adverse effects such as hearing loss (8.9%) and hypothyroidism (0.2%) were also seen in the study population. Conclusion: Overall treatment success was similar when compared to other studies done previously. A shorter drug regimen was associated with minor adverse effects such as gastrointestinal adverse effects such as vomiting and hearing loss observed in elderly patients. Baseline unknown drug resistance and lower BMI were associated with unsuccessful outcomes. Measures should be taken to improve nutrition. Our results argue the need for improving baseline DST at peripheral areas in order to effectively evaluate resistance to other drugs, especially in settings with high levels of first and second-line drug resistance.
Effects of magnetic nozzle strength and orientation on radio-frequency plasma expansion

To improve the efficiency of radio-frequency magnetic nozzle plasma thrusters, it is important to better understand the coupling between plasma expansion and a convergent–divergent magnetic field. This study explores the effects of magnetic field strength and orientation on plasma expansion in a magnetic nozzle. Two-dimensional measurements of the plasma characteristics obtained both in the source and in the expansion region are presented to investigate the influence of magnetic field strength on the formation of high-density conics in a symmetric magnetic nozzle. The measurements are repeated in a deflected magnetic nozzle using a novel magnetic steering system. Measurements of the ion saturation current and floating potential profiles are used respectively to qualitatively assess the plasma density distribution and the presence of high-energy electrons for the magnetic field configurations analysed. In the symmetric magnetic nozzle configuration, it is observed that the ion saturation current peaks on axis in the plasma source, but downstream of the nozzle throat, a double-peaked hollow profile is observed for all cases studied. The location of the high-density conics structure matches the most radial field lines that intersect the antenna and can freely expand downstream outside the source. Negative values of the floating potential are measured in the same peripheral regions, which could be a sign of the presence of high-energy electrons. When the magnetic field is deflected, the ion saturation current profile shows only a single peak centred around the bent field line that reconnects to the antenna. Again, a region of negative floating potential is measured at the location of the maximum ion current. Thus, it is shown how, independent of magnetic field strength and orientation, the magnetic field lines interacting with the antenna dictate the local plasma profiles downstream from the magnetic nozzle.
A Study of the Relationship between Phthalate Exposure and the Occurrence of Adult Asthma in Taiwan

Although phthalate esters contribute to airway remodeling by increasing bronchial cells’ migration and proliferation, the relationship between human exposure to phthalates and asthma is not understood. We measured phthalate exposure in the human body and evaluated its effect on asthma. Asthma (n = 123) and asthma-free (n = 139) participants were, respectively, recruited from an asthma clinic and the community in Taiwan. The urine levels of six phthalate metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with the controls, male asthma patients had higher means of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) (116.3 nmol/g), monobutyl phthalate (MBP) (850.3 nmol/g) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (965.8 nmol/g), and female patients had greater MBP (2902.4 nmol/g). Each 10-fold increase in the level of these phthalate metabolites was correspondingly associated with a 5.0-, 5.8-, 4.2- and 5.3-fold risk of contracting asthma. Male asthma patients were identified to have a higher proportion of MEHP exposure (32.5%) than the controls (25.3%). In asthma patients, an increase in urine MEHP levels and the total phthalate metabolite concentration were notably linked to increased risks of emergency room visits and being hospitalized. For the occurrence and acute clinical events of adult asthma, phthalate exposures and MEHP retention may contribute to higher risks of contracting this respiratory disorder.
Analyzing dependence matrices to investigate relationships between national football league combine event performances

Abstract The National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine takes place annually for the purpose of allowing NFL teams to evaluate prospects. The battery of six physical tests receives a great deal of attention, and are a focus of team personnel as well as fans of NFL teams. Recently, some have suggested that the current battery of tests should be modified. This work aims to characterize the multivariate dependence structure between tests for Combine prospects, for both typical and elite-level performers, for the purpose of better understanding the current battery of tests before making modifications. Through analysis of two pairwise dependence matrices, one quantifying dependence in the center of the distribution and the other quantifying dependence in the tails of the distribution, this analysis finds that several events show differing levels of association, and that fewer Combine events may be sufficient going forward.
Menstrual practices, fertility intentions and decision-making regarding family planning by women belonging to various indigenous groups of Wayanad- A qualitative study

Background: Among the different social groups in India, the tribes are the most vulnerable and socioeconomically deprived. The tribal population is distinct from the general population in terms of their unique cultural, traditional, and reproductive health practices. Therefore, the aim of the study was to conduct an exploratory analysis of the menstrual practices, fertility intentions and decision-making regarding family planning among various indigenous tribal women of Kerala. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted among the tribal women of Wayanad district using the grounded theory approach. Using purposive sampling 16 in-depth interviews, 6 key informant interviews and 2 focus group discussion (FGD) s were conducted. Interview guides were developed for in-depth interviews, key-informant interviews, and focus group discussion through extensive formative research with literature reviews and taking expert opinions. The interviews were conducted among women of reproductive age and their spouses hailing from Paniya and Kurichiya tribal groups in Kalpetta and Mananthavady areas of Wayanad district. Key informant interviews were also conducted among doctors, pharmacists, and community health workers. Results: The key findings of this study were the identification of a web of cultural practices pertaining to menstruation among persons of tribal origin. Unique traditional practices such as “Valayamapura” and “Thirandukalyanam” were reported and most of the women were keen to carry it forward. Fertility desires among couples were found to be not significantly influenced by any gender bias. Decision-making regarding family size were found to be on a mutual agreement between the spouses. The tribal women were aware of modern spacing methods, but preferred natural methods of contraception for temporary use and tubectomy as the permanent method. Non-contraceptive use of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) was prevalent, and the majority took it occasionally for postponement of menstruation to attend various social events. Conclusion: Menstruation-related myths and practices are prevalent and require educational interventions. More focus needs to be given to male sterilization as the permanent method of contraception. The study underscores the need to address gender inequalities and attitudes among tribal populations and to increase efforts to promote higher education among the tribes for busting cultural myths and practices.
RNA Helicase Vasa as a Multifunctional Conservative Regulator of Gametogenesis in Eukaryotes

Being a conservative marker of germ cells across metazoan species, DEAD box RNA helicase Vasa (DDX4) remains the subject of worldwide investigations thanks to its multiple functional manifestations. Vasa takes part in the preformation of primordial germ cells in a group of organisms and contributes to the maintenance of germline stem cells. Vasa is an essential player in the piRNA-mediated silencing of harmful genomic elements and in the translational regulation of selected mRNAs. Vasa is the top hierarchical protein of germ granules, liquid droplet organelles that compartmentalize RNA processing factors. Here, we survey current advances and problems in the understanding of the multifaceted functions of Vasa proteins in the gametogenesis of different eukaryotic organisms, from nematodes to humans.
The impact of tranexamic acid on blood loss during caesarean section and vaginal birth

Background: PPH is the most frequent cause of maternal mortality, accounting for over 35% of maternal deaths globally. Tranexamic acid is advised to be administered in all PPH patients, regardless of the etiology of PPH, and should be regarded as a standard complete PPH therapy package. Objective: To assess the efficiency and safety of intravenous tranexamic acid (TA) for reducing postpartum blood loss after vaginal birth and LSCS, as well as to keep track of any negative effects that may occur. Materials and Methods: Females at high risk of PPH who were delivered vaginally or through LSCS were included in this research, which was done as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment at our Institute. All individuals were divided into the study group (tranexamic acid) and control group at random. The effectiveness (volume of blood loss and incidence of PPH) and safety (vitals and side effects) of the two groups were compared. Results: In comparison to the control group, the study group's mean blood loss was considerably lower from the time the placenta was delivered until the conclusion of labor and from that point until two hours after delivery (p 0.05). In the control group, PPH incidence was substantially greater (p 0.05). Between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the vital signs ( p >0.05). The study group's most prevalent tranexamic acid adverse effect was nausea (16%), which was followed by vomiting and diarrhea (9% and 1%, respectively). Conclusion: Regardless of the origin of PPH, tranexamic acid is a powerful medication that may be administered safely for preventive therapy. Regardless of the method of administration, this antifibrinolytic drug dramatically reduces blood loss and PPH incidence. Although the medicine is linked to mild adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, significant consequences like thromboembolic phenomena, maternal or neonatal morbidity, and death have not been reported.
Strategies in Police Integrity Enhancement: A Comprehensive Literature Review

: This article aims to explain the significant influence of police integrity on service quality and institutional credibility. It delves into the concept of police integrity and explores various strategies for its implementation. The perspectives of Klokars, Ivković, and Haberfeld are used to gain a comprehensive understanding of this concept. The research methodology used in this study involved a thorough literature review, focusing on relevant journal articles and books related to the subject matter. This article provides an in-depth exploration of various aspects related to police integrity and explains various strategies that can be used to enhance police integrity. By highlighting the vital role of integrity in law enforcement agencies, this article contributes to the development of effective best practices and strategies to enhance police integrity to uphold quality-of-service standards and inspire public trust.
Notes on Use of the Odds Ratio under the Sequential Parallel Comparison Design with Binary Outcomes

ABSTRACT When the patient response is dichotomous, the effects due to a treatment and other covariates are often not additive. Thus, the risk difference (RD) may vary between phases in the sequential parallel comparison design (SPCD). The weighted average of RD's over two phases in these cases is not a meaningful summary measure of the treatment effect. Since it is more common to encounter the binary data in which the treatment and other covariates effects are additive on the logit scale, we advocate use of the odds ratio (OR) to measure the treatment effect. Under the homogeneity assumption of OR, we show that the weighted-least-squares method can be easily employed to derive both point and interval estimators for the OR under the SPCD. When the OR varies between phases, we note that Woolf logit interval estimator can be applied to estimate the OR for each phase separately. We apply Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the performance of these estimators in a variety of situations under the SPCD. We use the placebo-controlled trial employing the SPCD to assess the efficacy of a low dose of aripiprazole in treatment of patients with major depressive disorder to illustrate the use of estimators developed here.
Statistical independence of operator algebras

Nous examinons, dans cet article, la notion d'independance statistique de (C*-algebres ainsi que la comparaison avec les autres definitions donnees en theorie des algebres d'operateur ou en theorie quantique des champs. Nous demontrons en particulier que deux C * -algebres A 1 et A 2 sont statistiquement independantes si et seulement si pour toute paire a ∈ A 1 et b ∈ A 2 il existe un etat φ de l'algebre totale tel que φ(a) = φ(b) = 1. En consequence, nous montrons que l'independance statistique implique l'independance au sens de Schlieder (voir [17, 18]). Nous demontrons que l'implication inverse est fausse. De plus. l'independance de deux algebres commutant entre elles est equivalente a l'independance de leurs centres. Enfin, nous generalisons aux algebres de Jordan-Banach les resultats concernant l'independance de deux algebres commutant entre elles.
ISOLATION OF MUTANTS AND THEIR FREQUENCIES UNDER M2 GENERATION IN RICE BEAN (Vigna umbellata L. THUMB)

Two varieties of rice bean (Vigna umbellata) cv. RBL-50 and L-1 were treated with gamma rays (50,60, 70, 80 and 90 KR), EMS (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 0.6 and 0.7%) and combination of gamma and EMS (30KR+ 0.2%, 40KR + 0.2%, 30KR+0.3% and 40KR+0.3%). Among the varieties, L-1 and among the mutagens, gamma rays induced more number of chlorophyll and viable mutants. The viridis types were predominent than albinia, xantha and chlorina types, irrespective of the variety. The gamma doses of 60KR in RBL-50; 50KR, 90KR in L-1 and among the EMS treatments 0.5, 0.6 per cent in RBL-50; 50 KR, 90KR in L-1 were considered the best doses/concentrations, based on mutagenic effectiveness and efficacy. Twelve types of viable mutants were observed with abnormal leaves and coloured seeds being prominent among them. In the variety L-1, the doses/concentrations which have brought out highest chlorophyll mutations, also brought out highest viable mutations.
Experimentally feasible generation protocol for polarized hybrid entanglement

We propose a scheme to generate polarized hybrid entanglement in the form of |H 〉|α〉 + |V 〉|−α〉 by interference between a superposition of coherent states and a polarization entangled photon pair. In the scheme two sets of interferences with perpendicular polarizations are designed to erase “which path” information. The joint output fields of the two sets of interferences are used to herald the generation of the polarized hybrid entanglement. The advantage of the protocol is its experimental feasibility since it not only realizes effective interference but also retains the polarization information in the output fields of interferences. We also analyze the effect of imperfect experimental conditions on the generated hybrid state, including inefficiency on-off single-photon detectors with dark counts and available approximate resource states. The theoretical analysis shows that the fidelity of the heralded hybrid state with small amplitude can be maintained at a high level under actual experimental conditions.
GIT-Net: An Ensemble Deep Learning-Based GI Tract Classification of Endoscopic Images

This paper presents an ensemble of pre-trained models for the accurate classification of endoscopic images associated with Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases and illnesses. In this paper, we propose a weighted average ensemble model called GIT-NET to classify GI-tract diseases. We evaluated the model on a KVASIR v2 dataset with eight classes. When individual models are used for classification, they are often prone to misclassification since they may not be able to learn the characteristics of all the classes adequately. This is due to the fact that each model may learn the characteristics of specific classes more efficiently than the other classes. We propose an ensemble model that leverages the predictions of three pre-trained models, DenseNet201, InceptionV3, and ResNet50 with accuracies of 94.54%, 88.38%, and 90.58%, respectively. The predictions of the base learners are combined using two methods: model averaging and weighted averaging. The performances of the models are evaluated, and the model averaging ensemble has an accuracy of 92.96% whereas the weighted average ensemble has an accuracy of 95.00%. The weighted average ensemble outperforms the model average ensemble and all individual models. The results from the evaluation demonstrate that utilizing an ensemble of base learners can successfully classify features that were incorrectly learned by individual base learners.
Socioeconomic factors influencing performance of community-based women organizations (CBWOs) in rural development projects in Imo and Rivers state

Community based organizations serve as the apex organizations by which communities can embark on agricultural development projects, small scale industries, vocational and trade, skills, rural transportation and other rural economic activities. However, certain factors hinder their performance. This paper seeks to unravel these factors. The study was conducted in Imo and Rivers States, Nigeria. A total of 240 CBWOs were selected for the study. Questionnaire was administered to then and data collected were analyzed with percentages and regression modal. The result of socio-economic characteristics showed that Community-Based Women Organizations had mean years of 21.1 and 28.9 of existence in Imo and Rivers States. Regression results of the socioeconomic factors influencing role performance of community-based women organizations showed that coefficients for age, membership size, number of meetings, type of project, access to credit and income influenced role performance of CBWOs in Imo, while membership size, number of meetings, type of project, access to credit and income were significant variables influenced CBWOs in Rivers State. The implication of the finding is that there was significant relationship between role performance and the selected variables. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that agricultural policy makers should take into consideration the identified socio-economic characteristics of CBOs that influence their role performance.
Assimilating Infrared and Microwave Sounder Observations with Correlated Errors

Satellite observations are operationally assimilated at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and are a vital part of the data assimilation system. The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) uses prescribed observation errors for infrared and microwave sounders and assumes that the observation errors of different channels are uncorrelated. To compensate for this, observation errors are inflated, however, in order to produce an optimal analysis, errors and error correlations must be accurately defined. The goal of this study is to enhance the specification of these errors in the operational GSI by improving their estimates and by properly accounting for these inter-channel correlations. The estimation of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) covariances are detailed in this article, as are the impacts of their inclusion in the GSI. The forecast benefits are also assessed after a two month assimilation experiment by verifying against other observations and against ECMWF analyses.