Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of mating disruption technique against carob moth, Apomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in pomegranate orchards in Southeast Turkey (Şanlıurfa)

ABSTRACT Carob moth, Apomyelois (=Ectomyelois) ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a key pest in pomegranate orchards in Southeast of Turkey. The pest causes significant damage and reduces marketability of fruits, and is difficult to control with insecticides. Therefore, it is imperative to develop environmentally sound effective alternative management approaches. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the mating disruption technique and determine the appropriate application dose for the management of the pest. The study was carried out in Central and Suruç districts of Şanlıurfa province (Turkey) in 2011 and 2012. SPLAT EC (Specialized Pheromone-Lure Application Technology) trade named dispenser containing 2% Z7, E9-11-dodecatrienyl formate pheromone mimic was applied at 500, 625 and 750 g/ha in three pomegranate orchards in each district. Results indicated that mating disruption technique significantly reduced the pest populations. But effectiveness of the method was less in terms of the damage rate on fruits. Pheromone applied at 500 g/ha was not effective. However, application at 625 g/ha reduced the pest populations to an acceptable level. Thus, the concentration could be considered an appropriate dose for the less abundant pest population within integrated pest management while higher population would require combining the mating disruption method with a bio-insecticide.
Effect of combination of high-dose phytase, citric acid and carbohydrases on performance of broiler chickens fed wheat-canola meal-based diets with very low content of non-phytate phosphorus

An experiment was conducted, from 22 to 42-d-post-hatch, to evaluate the effect of different combinations of carbohydrases (CHS), citric acid (CA) and high-dose phytase in wheat-canola meal-based diets with very low content of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) on growth performance, plasma calcium (Ca) and P and tibia ash (TA) content of broiler chickens. One hundred and ninety two 21-d-old male chicks were allocated into 24 pens and fed one of six dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were T1) a negative control (NC, 1.68 g/kg NPP), T2) NC + CHS (500 mg/kg) + 2,000 phytase FTU/kg, T3) NC + CHS + CA (20 mg/kg) + 2,000 phytase FTU/kg, T4) NC + CHS + 4,000 phytase FTU/kg, T5) NC + CHS + CA + 4,000 phytase FTU/kg or T6) a positive control (PC, 4.2 g/kg NPP). The birds fed on PC had higher average daily gain (ADG, P < 0.01), average daily feed intake (ADFI, P = 0.05), plasma P (P < 0.001) and TA content (P < 0.001), and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.05) and plasma Ca (P < 0.001) than those fed on NC. Although the dietary inclusion of additives in NC + CHS + 2000, NC + CHS + CA + 2000, NC + CHS + 4000 and NC + CHS + CA + 4000 significantly improved the growth performance, plasma P and TA content of chicks compared with that of the NC group, all of them could not give rise the results statistically to the similar amount to those of the PC group. NC + CHS + CA + 2000, NC + CHS + 4000 and NC + CHS + CA + 4000 showed similar effects on ADG and plasma P compared to those of the PC group. The data of FCR revealed that NC + CHS + CA + 2000 and NC + CHS + CA + 4000 had a comparable result compared to that of the PC group. NC + CHS + 2000, NC + CHS + CA + 2000, NC + CHS + 4000, NC + CHS + CA + 4000 and PC groups revealed similar effects on ADFI and plasma Ca. The data of TA content showed that NC + CHS + 4000 and NC + CHS + CA + 4000 had similar result compared to that of the PC group. The results showed when diets containing very low content of NPP are supplemented with CA, a combination of phytase (2,000 FTU/kg) and CHS could result in growth comparable to the diet containing adequate NPP.
Impact of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or selenium (Se) supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in active females.

Background: Cells continuously produce free radicals (FR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of metabolic processes. These free radicals are neutralized by an elaborate antioxidant defence system consisting of enzymes. An imbalance between ROS / FR and antioxidants is often referred to as oxidative stress and is involved in the pathogenesis of various disorders including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and several types of cancer (Campbell et al. 2010). Selenium (Se), as part of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family of enzymes, has the ability to detoxify these ROS / FR, increasing protection against this stress. Regular training has been shown to increase antioxidant capacity; it is through adaptation that increased antioxidant capacity may alleviate oxidative stress. Objectives: The present investigation is designed to test the hypothesis that Se supplementation and / or regular High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) can alleviate exercise - induced oxidative stress following a single bout of HIIT. Design: Randomised Open Label Trial. Method: Twenty-two healthy female participants, who participated in intermittent sports, were recruited. In a randomised manner, participants were equally allocated to either a Se only group (250 ug sodium selenite/day) or a Se + HIIT group (250 ug sodium selenite / day + 2 sessions HIIT / week) for 3 weeks. Measures of fitness, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed before and after an initial (baseline) and last bout of HIIT. Results: No statistically significant changes were identified for any of the measured markers of oxidative stress or antioxidant capacity, although a number of trends toward altered activity were noted. Following the intervention, Se + HIIT group demonstrated a 9% decrease in MDA response to a single bout of HIIT, whilst the Se only group decreased by 12%. GPx3Activity in plasma increased by 15% in the Se group and decreased in the Se + HIIT group by 2% pre to post intervention. Additionally, GPx1 Activity in RBC increased in both groups by 6% and 2% respectively. TAC elicited similar responses increasing by 40% in the Se + HIIT group and 66% in the Se only group. Furthermore, there was an improvement in a number of fitness components in the HIIT trained group post intervention, namely speed and maximal aerobic capacity. Conclusion: This is the first study to examine the impact of HIIT and/or Se supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in active females. Whilst there were no significant differences observed, there were some promising trends highlighting a potential benefit of Se (and possibly HIIT) in reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant status post high intensity interval exercise in females engaged in intermittent sports.
Adventitious shoot elongation of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is influenced by brassinosteroids

La técnica de cultivo in vitro fue utilizada para estudiar el efecto de la combinación de benciladenina (BA) y brasinolido (BL), dos reguladores de crecimiento vegetal, en la formación y elongación de brotes adventicios de frambuesa (Rubus idaeus L.). También se evaluó el enraizamiento de los brotes regenerados tanto en condiciones in vitro como ex vitro. Tres selecciones de frambuesa, UMC-702, UMC-706 y UMC-708, generadas de un programa de mejoramiento genético en la Facultad de Agrobiología, fueron seleccionadaspara llevar a cabo esta investigación. En la fase de multiplicación, el medio MS fue suplementado con diferentes combinaciones de bencialadenina (0 y 1.5 mg L-1) y brasinolido (0, 0.00001 y 0.00002 μM). La formación de brotes adventicios no fue dependiente de la combinación de los reguladores; sin embargo, la elongación de los mismos fue significativamente influenciada por el genotipo y el uso de brasinolido (BL); los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con la selección UMC-706 expuesta a 0.00002 μM de BL. El enraizamiento de los brotes adventicios fue mejor en condiciones ex vitro que in vitro, con mayor formación y elongación tanto de raíz como de los brotes; ello permitió una mejor aclimatación y adaptación de las plantas, lo que significa un ahorro tanto en tiempo como en costos de labor para la micropropagación de frambuesa. Así, este es el primer reporte del uso de brasinosteroides en frambuesa. Abstract
RISK PERCEPTION, SOCIAL TRUST, AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING : IMPLICATIONS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Since the 1950s, the public have become increasingly concerned about the risks associated with emerging technologies. It is, however, important not to reify the concept of risk perception as an explanatory construct, in a way which does not take account of other factors incorporated into the way people represent technology and emerging technologies. Ethical concerns, trust and distrust (in scientific institutions, risk regulators and information providers) and perceptions of social exclusion from riskmanagement processes should be incorporated into theoretical models used to explain the evolution of public resistance to emerging technologies. In particular, increased efforts to involve the public in risk-management processes is likely to be the best way to redress issues associated with perceptions of social exclusion, although it is important to benchmark public participation exercises in terms of their acceptance to the public, and effectiveness as processes.
Predicting white peach scale phenology on kiwifruit in Sichuan

ABSTRACT White peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) is a polyphagous pest of perennial horticulture in Asia and many other warm-temperate and tropical regions. In China, it is a serious pest of kiwifruit. The optimal time to control P. pentagona field populations is at the first instar stage of the first, spring generation. Three methods for predicting the hatching of eggs of the first generation from field populations were tested on kiwifruit in Sichuan, based upon the accumulation of heat units (day-degrees) above a developmental threshold, calculated as 10.75 °C. A method developed for P. pentagona control in tea in Japan gave excellent predictions of 50% hatching in 5 of the 6 years under study (2009–2014). The other two methods also gave acceptable predictions of dates of 50% egg hatching (within 5 days of field observed dates). These models may be used as a basis for forecasting spring insecticide application dates targeting the first instar stage (crawlers and settled ‘white caps’).
Spatial size dimorphism in New Zealand's last endemic raptor, the Kārearea Falco novaeseelandiae, coincides with a narrow sea strait

Although New Zealand's avifauna includes many unusual birds, species-level diversity within lineages is typically low. There are, however, several instances where different allied forms are recognized in each of the two main islands. Among them is the Kārearea Falco novaeseelandiae, which is the only surviving endemic raptor species in New Zealand. Recent analysis confirms it to be a distinct lineage in the global radiation of this genus and most closely related to the Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis of South America. We examined body size metrics and neutral genetic markers in Kārearea sampled across New Zealand to assess subspecific variation within the species. We found strong evidence using linear modelling and Bayesian clustering for two distinct sizes within Kārearea, in addition to the recognized sexual dimorphism. The boundary between the size clusters coincides closely with the Cook Strait, a narrow seaway between the two largest islands. However, analysis of mitochondrial sequence data and nuclear microsatellites showed no compelling partitioning at neutral loci. These data suggest adaptive change along a stepped environmental cline. Lineage splitting in Kārearea has either yet to become apparent in the distribution of neutral genetic variation and/or regional adaptation is proceeding despite gene flow.
Amorphous silica nanoparticle-induced perturbation of cholesterol homeostasis as a function of surface area highlights safe-by-design implementation: an integrated multi-OMICS analysis

To close the knowledge gap between the wide application of amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs) and their health impact, the present study endeavored to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in aSiNPs-mediated hepatotoxicity with a systems toxicology approach and how it is related to the physico–chemical properties of aSiNPs. To this end, we used four types of aSiNPs with different surface areas: aSiNP-116 (surface area: 116 m2 g−1), aSiNP-189 (surface area: 189 m2 g−1), aSiNP-26 (surface area: 26 m2 g−1) and aSiNP-8 (surface area: 8.3 m2 g−1); we also used the human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line as a model system. We applied multi-OMICS (DNA microarray based transcriptomics and GC-MS based lipidomics) followed by bioinformatics analysis in aSiNP-116 treated HepG2 cells. The perturbations of steroid-cholesterol biosynthesis were revealed by KEGG (with significantly altered genes) and IMPaLA (with integrated significantly altered genes and metabolites) pathway analysis. Furthermore, in corroboration with in silico analysis, the biochemical tests exhibited a concentration dependent increase in total cholesterol levels due to aSiNP-116 treatment. In a subsequent step, the hypothesis derived for aSiNP-116 was further tested for cells exposed to other aSiNPs (aSiNP-189, aSiNP-26 and aSiNP-8) with GC-MS based lipidomics as well as biochemical tests. The alterations in cholesterol biosynthesis were found to be directly proportional with the surface area of the aSiNPs, i.e., the larger the surface area, the higher the cholesterol level. Taken together, perturbation of cholesterol biosynthesis as a function of surface area was found to be a principal mode-of-action of aSiNPs exposure, which necessitates a safe-by-design approach for its biological applications.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Gyrodactylus gurleyi (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea)

Abstract Gyrodactylus gurleyi, was inhabited on the fins and gills of goldfish (Carassius auratus), which belonged to the family Gyrodactylidae. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of G. gurleyi with the total length of 14 771 bp. The mitogenome contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and two major non-coding regions (NC1 and NC2). The overall AT content was 72.1%. In phylogenetic analysis, G. gurleyi and G. kobayashii clustered together and then united with the clade of other three Gyrodactylus species (G. salaris, G. thymalli and G. derjavinoides) with high nodal support.
Enhancing lobster stocks : A review of recent European methods, results, and future prospects

This paper reviews the status of stock-enhancement studies on the clawed lobster, particularly recent experiments on Homarus gammarus in European waters. Previous attempts from the 1850s onwards with both H. gammarus and H. americanus showed little success, but since 1980, lobsters reared in the hatchery to juvenile stage XII have been released in substantial numbers at a range of sites in the United Kingdom, France, Norway, and Ireland. Releases on the order of thousands have yielded recaptures on the order of hundreds. This new success arises because juveniles were microwire tagged, released directly by divers onto known lobster habitat, and subsequently recaptured by dedicated field sampling and monitoring of commercial lobster landings. Hatchery lobsters showed little dispersal, they required 4 to 5 yrs to reach legal size, and some ovigerous females were recaptured. Field sampling tentatively suggests survival to legal size as high as 50%, but the overall recapture rate in the fishery was below 5%. Recaptures seem marginally higher in areas of low lobster density, but the experiments were not designed to answer ecological questions, and they cannot be used to make substantive predictions about how stocking density and the local abundance of natural stock will affect survival and recapture rate. Before the biological and economic benefits of enhancement programs can be assessed, experimental testing is needed of whether hatchery-reared juveniles supplement or replace naturally settled lobsters. At current levels of recruitment, enhancement programs seem unlikely to be worthwhile, particularly compared with the implementation of restrictive management measures, but enhancement programs can be justified where there is some clear evidence of recruitment failure, as in Norway. At present lobster prices, the current recapture rate is well below that required to cover the present cost of constructing and running a moderate-sized hatchery from scratch. This economic appraisal is discouraging from a put-and-take' ranching perspective, but a program aimed at enhancing breeding stock and independently financed from associated tourism or sea-life-center activity is still potentially viable.
Auftreten von Cylindrocladium buxicola B. HENRICOT an Buchsbaum in Nordwest-Deutschland

An Buxus wurde ein fur Nordwest-Deutschland neuer pilzlicher Schaderreger beobachtet, der als Cylindrocladium buxicola B. HENRICOT erkannt wurde. Als Symptome sind dunkelbraune, zusammenfliesende Flecke auf den Blattspreiten augenfallig. An Trieben sind dunkle, fast schwarze Streifen erkennbar. Schlieslich kommt es zu Blattfall und zu Triebsterben. Die zylindrischen Konidien sind zwischen 40 und 69 μm lang, etwa 5 μm breit, einfach septiert und an beiden Enden abgerundet. Infektionen sind abhangig von hoher Feuchtigkeit und erfolgen direkt durch die Kutikula. Zur Vorbeugung sollten Hygienemasnahmen strikt eingehalten werden. Die Moglichkeiten der chemischen Bekampfung sind begrenzt und erfordern weitere Untersuchungen. Stichworter: Buxus, Cylindrocladium buxicola , Blattflecken, Triebsterben, Bekampfung Occurrence of Cylindrocladium buxicola B. HENRICOT on boxwood in Northwest-Germany A fungal pathogen new to Northwest-Germany was observed on boxwood, which was identified as Cylindrocladium buxicola B. HENRICOT. Symptoms are dark brown, coalescing spots on the leaves. Black streaks occur on the stems, followed by defoliation and dieback. The cylindrical conidia are 40–69 μm long, about 5 μm wide, 1-septate and rounded at both ends. Infections are dependent on high humidity and take place directly through the cuticle. For prevention, hygienic measures should be strictly maintained. The options of chemical control are restricted and need further research. Keywords: Buxus, Cylindrocladium buxicola , leaf spots, dieback, box blight, control
Glyphosate hormesis in broad-leaved weeds: a challenge for weed management

ABSTRACT Little is known of glyphosate-induced hormesis in weeds and how this might influence weed management. To test the hormetic effect of low doses of glyphosate on broad-leaved weeds, two experiments were conducted, in the laboratory and the screenhouse. The hormetic effects of glyphosate solution in growth media (0, 65, 130, 250, and 500 g acid equivalent (a.e) ha−1) and foliar spray (0, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 g a.e. ha−1) were tested on four broad-leaved weeds (Coronopus didymus, Chenopodium album, Rumex dentatus, and Lathyrus aphaca). Glyphosate solution in the range 65–250 g a.e. ha−1 stimulated the germination and seedling growth of all tested weeds. However, at 500 g a.e. ha−1 inhibition of germination and growth was observed. Foliarly applied glyphosate in the range 4–32 g a.e. ha−1 increased root and shoot length, dry biomass, and seed production ability of all four weeds species; however, the stimulatory response was species dependent. These results indicate that glyphosate hormesis could play a significant role in altering crop/weed competition and might influence weed management.
Quantifying the Likelihood of Human-mediated Movements of Species and Pathogens: The Baitfish Pathway in Ontario as a Model System

Estimating the risk associated with species and pathogen movements involves considerable uncertainty. One key uncertainty concerns the extent and frequency of human-mediated species and pathogen movements relative to the distribution of recipient ecosystems. Baitfish use in Ontario, Canada is one of many pathways with the potential to introduce and spread biota to beyond their current geographic range. To determine the biological risk associated with baitfish use, models were used to estimate the probability of species occurrences throughout pathway levels, from the commercial harvest level, to retail tank and angler purchases, to movement and release by the end-user (i.e., the angler). Vector activity, as the primary contributor of species movements and introductions associated with this pathway, was modeled within a spatial interaction framework that incorporated landscape structure (e.g., the distribution of angling populations, lake size and sportfish richness, and their physical separation via least-cost routing of transportation networks) to predict the extent of movement. Agent-based models of vector activity were used to relate vector movements to region-specific probability thresholds of risk activity. Model outputs were used to estimate the movement and introduction of species and
Demographic and tumour prevalence data for juvenile green turtles at the Coastal-Marine Protected Area of Cerro Verde, Uruguay

ABSTRACT Marine Protected Areas are increasingly considered in coastal areas as an instrument to preserve threatened fauna and fragile habitats from the detrimental effects of human activities. For this reason baseline data are of utmost importance for the evaluation of the outcomes of ongoing conservation efforts. Along the Uruguayan coast, the area of Cerro Verde (declared protected since 2011) represents the most important foraging and development area for green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Between 2002 and 2009, a long-term capture-mark-recapture programme for green turtles was developed to gather data on demography, ecology and status of the species in the area. Turtles captured were juveniles ranging from 28.8 to 64.3 cm in length over the curve of the carapace (n = 514), and results indicated a size-based habitat segregation. Tumour prevalence was 5.3% (n = 27) and was positively correlated with carapace length. The mean body condition index was 1.25 ± 0.14 (n = 494). From the total number of tagged turtles 10.6% were recaptured during the study period. Green turtles showed high site fidelity; 81% of the turtles were recaptured within the same season and 76% were recaptured in different seasons but were found at the original capture spot. Mean annual growth rate was 1.6 ± 0.9 cm year−1. The catch per unit effort of 2008 differed from 2009, higher in 2009, but also significantly different between capture spots. The present study constitutes a baseline dataset for future monitoring of green turtles in the area and provides valuable information for wider analyses of population dynamics in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
Growth, carcass composition and nutrient content of meat of different local geese in Isparta region of Turkey (short communication)

Abstract. The local goose breeds Kara, Beyaz, Şam, Ala and Tulu of the Isparta province in Turkey are relatively small with body weight at the age of 12 weeks for males-females of 2864.1–2593.1, 2588.5–2296.8, 3004.3–2504.3, 2601.9–2264.0 and 2754.7–2352.0 g. The average percentages of slaughter yield of Kara, Beyaz and Şam geese at the age of 104 weeks for males-females were 71.4–69.8, 71.6–69.9 and 71.0–69.3%. The percentages of breast and leg to the carcass were 46.6–48.4, 48.7–50.2 and 47.1–48.3%, respectively. Average percentages of crude protein content for breast and leg muscle were 19.7–20.1, 22.0–20.3, 18.2–18.0% and 15.8–18.0, 21.7–16.2, 17.7-19.8%, respectively. The content of crude fat for breast and leg muscle were 0.23–0.49, 0.39–0.40, 0.44–0.40% and 0.92–1.41, 0.39–1.31, 0.46–0.33%, respectively. Because of the lower fat percentage, the local goose breeds could be important for a commercial crossbred program.