Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns and Longitudinal Changes in the Practice of Breast Cancer Radiotherapy in Korea: Korean Radiation Oncology Group 22-01

Purpose We aimed to analyze contemporary practice patterns in breast cancer radiotherapy (RT) and assess longitudinal changes over five years in Korea. Methods In 2022, a nationwide survey was conducted among board-certified radiation oncologists. The survey consisted of 44 questions related to six domains: hypofractionated (HypoFx) whole breast RT, accelerated partial breast RT (APBI), regional nodal irradiation (RNI), RT for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), postmastectomy RT (PMRT), and tumor bed boost. Results Seventy radiation oncologists from 61 (out of 101; 60%) institutions participated in the survey. HypoFx RT was used by 62 respondents (89%), a significant increase from 36% in 2017. HypoFx RT is commonly administered at 40–42.5 Gy in 15–16 fractions. APBI was used by 12 respondents (17%), an increase from 5% in 2017. The use of RNI did not change significantly: ≥ pN2 (6%), ≥ pN1 (33%), and ≥ pN1 with pathological risk factors (61%). However, indications for internal mammary lymph node (IMN) irradiation have expanded. In particular, the rates of routine treatment of IMN (11% from 6% in 2017) and treatment in cases of ≥ pN2 (27% from 14% in 2017) have doubled; however, the rate of treatment for only IMN involvement, identified on imaging, has decreased from 47% in 2017 to 31%. For DCIS, the use of HypoFx RT increased from 25% in 2017 to 75%, and the rate of RT omissions after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) decreased from 48% in 2017 to 38%. The use of HypoFx RT for PMRT increased from 8% in 2017 to 36%. Conclusion The adoption of HypoFx RT after BCS for invasive breast cancer and DCIS has increased significantly, whereas the use of HypoFx PMRT has increased moderately since 2017. However, further studies are required to determine the optimal use of RNI.
Bias Correction in Generalized Linear Models

SUMMARY In this paper we derive general formulae for first-order biases of maximum likelihood estimates of the linear parameters, linear predictors, the dispersion parameter and fitted values in generalized linear models. These formulae may be implemented in the GLIM program to compute bias-corrected maximum likelihood estimates to order n - 1, where n is the sample size, with minimal effort by means of a supplementary weighted regression. For linear logistic models it is shown that the asymptotic bias vector of j8 is almost collinear with f3. The approximate formula flp/m+ for the bias of S in logistic models, where p = dim($) and m+ = E mi is the sum of the binomial indices, is derived and checked numerically.
Weathering rates of Ca and Mg related to granitic and gabbro mineralogy in boreal forest soils and the effect of mechanical soil disturbance on weathering release

This study’s aim was to calculate the weathering rates of Ca and Mg for five boreal forest soils in southern Finland on granitic and gabbro containing bedrock. The effect of mineralogy on the total concentrations of Ca and Mg in soil and weathering rates was evaluated. The aim was also to estimate the effect of mechanical soil disturbance related to ploughing on the weathering in the gabbro area. The total concentrations of SiO2, CaO, MgO, and Zr were determined by XRF, and weathering rates of Ca and Mg were determined based on the changes in the CaO, MgO, and Zr concentrations. The weathering rates of Ca+Mg varied 5–38 mmolc m–2 year–1 in the E+B/BC horizons among the plots. Soil disturbance related to ploughing increased the weathering of Ca and Mg largely in the disturbed part of the topmost mineral soil as indicated by the decreasing concentrations of Ca and Mg after mechanical soil disturbance. The weathering input of Ca in the undisturbed soil did not fully replace the Ca output in final whole-tree cutting. The weathering input of Mg in the undisturbed soil was sufficient to replace the lost Mg in stemwood harvesting but not on all the plots the lost Mg in whole-tree harvesting. Weathering rates were higher in the gabbro than the granitic areas.
Tensor based multi-modality fusion for prediction of postoperative early recurrence of single hepatocellular carcinoma

Clinical decision-making in oncology involves multi-modal data such as radiology and clinical factors. In recent years, several computer-aided multi-modal decision systems have been developed to predict the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy, but these models simply concatenate features naively at the feature level, which would create redundancy and hinder model performance. Particularly, we found that integrating deep multi-modal models based on tensor fusion, which can better handle relevant information between different modalities and reduce model redundancy to obtain better results. This finding suggests the presence of independent, complementary prognostic information between radiology and clinical modalities. Hence we propose a multi-modal learning network that uses a tensor-based fusion approach with clinical parameters, radiomics features and corresponding complex interrelationships between pathological data to predict postoperative early recurrence of single hepatocellular carcinoma. In order to maximize the information gathered from each modality, we introduced a multi-modal fusion loss function based on orthogonal loss to assist multi-modal training. With IRB’s approval, we collected 176 cases with radiomics (MRI) and pathological features diagnosed by experienced clinicians, and established an approach based on tensor fusion that takes pathological findings and postoperative early recurrence as ground truth. Training with 140 cases and tested with 36 cases, the proposed network achieved the AUC of 0.883, which showed great potential in predicting postoperative early HCC recurrence. The ablation experimental results also showed that the auxiliary loss function had a statistically significant improvement in model performance (p<0.01).
Decision making and mental imagery: A conceptual synthesis and new research directions

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a conceptual synthesis of theoretical ideas investigating the relationship between decision making and mental imagery. We claim that the generation of mental images may play a pivotal role in decision making because imaginative foresight allows an event to be pre-experienced and consequences of different choice alternatives to be “tried out. ” Moreover, we provide evidence that mental imagery can be considered a source of emotions that regulate decision making and risk perception. We also propose principles describing the mutual relationships between mental imagery and decision making that allow for formulating testable hypotheses. Finally, we discuss open issues that arise in the context of the idea that mental imagery informs decision making. They concern the relationship between mental imagery and emotions, functional and dysfunctional consequences of mental imagery, spontaneous vs. enforced generation of mental imagery, and the role of imagery-based approach/withdrawal motivation in terminating the decision-making process.
Is (actual or perceptual) personality similarity associated with attraction in initial romantic encounters? A dyadic response surface analysis

A central assumption in lay and psychological theories is that people are attracted to potential mates who are similar to themselves in personality traits. However, the empirical findings on this idea have been inconclusive. Only a few studies have considered real-life dating contexts, and the statistical approaches they applied have sometimes spuriously identified similarity effects. In our study, 397 heterosexual singles (aged 18–28) participated in real speed-dates (N_dates = 940). Using dyadic response surface analysis, we investigated effects of actual similarity (similarity between self-reported personality trait levels) and perceptual similarity (similarity between an actor’s personality and his/her perception of the partner’s personality) concerning the Big Five traits. Neither type of similarity was related to initial romantic attraction. That is, the empirical evidence contradicted the idea that attraction occurs when people’s personalities match. We conclude that understanding initial attraction requires a deeper understanding of interpersonal dynamics in first encounters.
Finite Deformation of 2-D Thin Circular Curved Laminated Beams

An analytical method is derived for obtaining the finite deformation of 2-D thin curved laminated beams. The general solutions are expressed by fundamental geometric quantities. As the radius of curvature is given, the fundamental geometric quantities can be calculated to obtain the closed form solutions of the axial force, shear force, bending moment, rotation angle, and deformed or un-deformed displacement fields. The closed-form solutions of the circular curved laminated beams under pure bending moment case are presented. It shows the consistency of the results of present study with those by ANSYS.
The greening of lending: mortgage pricing of energy transition risk

Shocks to energy prices can have a direct impact on homeowners’ disposable income, affecting their ability to pay their mortgage. Properties’ energy efficiency can provide some protection against the transition risk of rising energy costs. Anecdotally, lenders appear to be increasingly differentiating mortgage interest rates based on energy efficiency. But did lenders account for it before relevant regulatory interventions came in? We estimate standard mortgage pricing models using a unique data set of 1.8 million mortgages originated in the United Kingdom pre-2018. We find no evidence of lenders charging higher rates on riskier mortgages against energy-inefficient properties. Overall, our findings do not provide conclusive evidence that lenders took energy efficiency into account when setting interest rates prior to regulatory interventions
Employees’ perception of value-added activity increase of Robotic Process Automation with time and cost efficiency: a case study

Implementation of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is ubiquitous in the financial industry. However, the consequences are not clear enough in terms of strategic perspective. Drawing upon the theory of Task-Technology Fit, this study explores the emerging consequences with the exploratory sequential method. Data related to the time and cost of processes before and after the RPA implementation were collected and descriptively analyzed. Even though time and cost efficiency improvements occurred in 50 out of 54 of the processes, the results indicated no labor reduction after the RPA implementation and no cost reduction in some business units, contrary to reports in the literature. To investigate what happened to the human resource environment, we surveyed 106 employees who were affected by the implementation of RPA. No variance was found between the characteristics of the employees and the changes in the working environment. However, the descriptive results of the survey revealed that employees’ perception of value-added activities increased. These results provided that considering RPA as a routine process without calculating the strategic value creates process-oriented transformation with a lack of time and cost-efficiency.
Numerical study of the spatial distribution of the M internal tides in the Strait of Sicily

The present study investigates the spatial distribution of the M internal tide in the Strait of Sicily using a three-dimensional sigma coordinate model, the Regional Ocean Modeling System. Realistic topography and stratification from existing observational data were used. The numerical simulations show that there are three distinct sites of strong M internal tide generation, namely the western sill of the Adventure Bank, northwest of Sicily and north of Pantelleria isle. The conversion rate of energy from the M surface to internal tide integrated over the whole model domain amounts to 47.5 MW, 75% of which are found to be generated over the three prominent topographic features mentioned above. The depth- integrated baroclinic energy flux depicts the propagation away from these sites, particularly toward the north and southwest. The maximum flux amplitudes are found in the three main generation sites identified, with the largest value occurring at the narrowest passage through the western sill. A comparison between the model and current-meter measurements at two stations shows reasonable agreement for different depths. The similarities in the spatial distribution of the baroclinic energy flux divergence and the barotropic forcing suggest that the generation of the M internal tide in the Strait of Sicily results primarily from barotropic tidal flow over sloping topography.
Palynological characterisation of palm honey (Sabal yapa) produced in Yucatan (Mexico)

Abstract The palm honey (Sabal yapa C. Wright ex Becc.) (Sabal honey henceforth) is one of 22 unifloral honeys recognised in the Yucatan Peninsula. This honey is harvested in February and March when Sabal yapa bloom but encompasses other important melliferous plants during the harvest season. A melissopalynological study of 24 honey samples from Tizimín, Yucatan (Mexico) was used to determine if Sabal honey is monofloral or multifloral, and to investigate the pollen contribution of other plants. Consequently, we determined the plant resources foraged by Apis mellifera. After analysis, 54 different pollen types were identified with the number of pollen types per honey sample ranging between nine and 21, with a mean of 14.75. Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the most diverse families and represented the highest percentage of contribution in pollen spectra. Sabal yapa pollen had a mean content of 56.9% (with a range of 45.4% to 84%). Bursera simaruba, Haematoxylum campechianum, Piscidia piscipula and Viguiera dentata were categorised as secondary pollen. Important minor pollen corresponded to Caesalpinia gaumeri, Ceiba pentandra, Pisonia aculeata, Thouinia paucidentata, and Trixis inula. Pollen composition revealed details of not only the rich native flora that accompanies Sabal yapa, but traditional human activities that occur around the apiaries. As expected, pollen of nectariferous species predominate in the samples, but also a number of nectarless species were found. Honeybees foraged mostly in trees present in remnants of primary vegetation, or at its different succession stages. Sabal honey could be labelled as monofloral.
Pet Ownership and Physical Activity in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Analyses from the NICOLA Study

Aging research indicates that there is increased sedentary behaviour and insufficient physical activity levels across the older adult population. There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that pet ownership can have beneficial physical and mental health effects. Data were drawn from the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA). This questionnaire measured general social demographics such as gender, age, and marital status while also examining elements of physical activity, lifestyle factors (drinking status, smoking status), and education. Two items from the short form International Physical Activity Questionnaire recorded moderate and vigorous activity. Respondents were asked if they owned a pet (Yes/No). The results are based on a secondary data analysis. An ordinal logistic regression revealed that an increase in moderate activity days was associated with pet ownership with an odds ratio of 0.111 (95% CI, −0.036 to 0.337), Wald χ2 (1) 15.013, p < 0.001. An increase in vigorous activity days was associated with pet ownership with an odds ratio of 0.039 (95% CI, 0.004 to 0.342), Wald χ2 (1) 8.952, p = 0.003). Amongst older adults in Northern Ireland, those with a pet were more likely to engage in regular physical activity. This study was based on a small specific sample of the population and showed differences in physical activity levels between pet owners and non-pet owners. Additionally, the study showed that physical activity is extremely low among the older adult population, therefore further investigation is warranted on the reasons for these low levels.
Analysis of Variations in the Io Plasma Torus Using Galileo PLS data

The Galileo mission was the first to actually maintain an orbit around Jupiter as opposed to doing a flyby like Ulysses, Voyager 1 & 2, and Pioneer 10 & 11, and so it was the first data set that allowed us to investigate large scale spatial and temporal variability in the plasma conditions within Jupiter's magnetosphere. By assuming the plasma between 5 and 30 Jupiter radii is in thermodynamic equilibrium, we were able to fit convective Maxwellian distributions to the counts detected by the Plasma Science (PLS) instrument aboard the Galileo satellite, allowing us to determine properties such as number density, isotropic temperature, and bulk flow velocity vector. The observations made by Cassini's Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) of emissions from the Io plasma torus allow us to get an estimate of the relative abundances of ion species present there. However, malfunctions during the mission made the data especially choppy and difficult to analyze, and we have to settle for an average charge-to-mass ratio of 14.8; this has made this project both a study in plasma physics as well as refined data analysis. After developing rigorous filters for the proper data points to fit to, we were able to construct two-dimensional meridional profiles of Jupiter's inner magnetosphere, and we determined no significant variation in these properties with respect to local time.
Potassium Humate and Silicate Combined with Compost Application to Reduce the Harmful Effects of the Irrigation Water Salinity on Potato Plants and on the Soil Available Nutrient Npk

Afield experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two compounds of potassium humate and silicate, combined with compost to decrease the harmful effects of water salinity on potato crop yield and quality, also, the soil available nutrient NPK. The main plots were assigned for the irrigation treatments; 0.5 (W1), 2.25 (W2) and 5.7 ds m (W3). The sub-plots treatments were; F0 (without compost applying), F1 (compost applying to soil), F2 (compost applying to soil plus foliar spraying by potassium silicate solution (10 cm.L) ), F3 (applying compost to soil plus coated tubers with potassium silicate, F4 (compost applying to soil plus foliar spraying with potassium humate) and F5 (compost applying to soil plus coated tubers with potassium humate) . The findings demonstrated that the majority of vegetative growth characteristics, tuber quality and tuber yield were impacted by increasing the salinity of irrigation water in both seasons. Spraying potato plants twice with potassium humate or silicate solutions had a notable positive impact on all of the studied characteristics. Comparing to the control treatment, results showed spraying potassium silicate had a high significant influence on growth characters, yield and yield components of potato in both seasons. It could be concluded that, spraying potato plants twice with potassium silicate solution in the presence of the applied compost to the soil ( F2 ) is the most efficient treatment for reducing the harmful effects of irrigation water salinity on potato and yield quality, and improving the available nutrient levels, NPK, in the soil
Clonal Expansion in Multiple Phyllosticta Species Causing Citrus Black Spot or Similar Symptoms in China

Phyllosticta spp. are important pathogens of citrus plants. Several Phyllosticta species associated with Citrus species grown in China have been reported; however, the relative prevalences of individual species and the distributions of their genotypes among host Citrus species remain largely unknown. In this study, we conducted an extensive survey of Phyllosticta species across 11 citrus-producing provinces in southern China. From fruits and leaves with black spots or black-spot-like symptoms, a total of 461 Phyllosticta strains were isolated. Based on molecular (ITS, actA, tef1, gapdh, LSU, and rpb2 sequences) and morphological data, the strains were systematically identified as belonging to five species: P. capitalensis, P. citrichinaensis, P. citriasiana, P. citricarpa, and P. paracitricarpa. To further understand intraspecific genetic diversity and relationships, strains of five species from different geographic and host sources were analyzed based on the multilocus sequence data. Our population genetic analyses revealed that all five Phyllosticta species on citrus showed evidence for clonal dispersals within and among geographic regions. In addition, pathogenicity tests using representative strains showed that all five species can cause disease on the tested Citrus spp. We discuss the implications of our results for the control and management of Citrus Black Spot and related diseases.
Development and Characterization of New Energetic Composites Based on HNTO/AN Co-Crystal and Nitro-Cellulosic Materials

To develop advanced cellulose-based energetic composites, new types of high-energy-density formulations containing hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (HNTO)/ammonium nitrate (AN) cocrystals combined with nitrocellulose or nanostructured cellulose nitrate (NC and NMCC) were experimentally characterized. The prepared energetic formulations were analyzed in terms of their physicochemical properties, mechanical sensitivities, structural features, and thermal behavior. Their heats of combustion and theoretical energetic performance were assessed as well. Experimental results exhibited the inherent characteristics of the designed NC@HNTO/AN and NMCC@HNTO/AN, including improved density, specific impulse, and impact sensitivity compared to their raw compounds. Besides that, thermo-kinetic findings revealed that the as-prepared insensitive and high-energy-density composites undergo two exothermic decomposition processes, and that NC@HNTO/AN has higher thermal activity. The present study demonstrated the outstanding characteristics of the new composites and could serve as a reference for developing more advanced cellulose-based energetic formulations.
The 1990 Valentine's Day Arctic Outbreak. Part I: Mesoscale and Microscale Structure and Evolution of a Colorado Front Range Shallow Upslope Cloud

Abstract The mesoscale and microscale structure and evolution of a shallow, upslope cloud is described using observations obtained during the Winter Icing and Storms Project (WISP) and model stimulations. The upslope cloud formed within a shallow arctic air mass that moved into the region east of the Rocky Mountains between 12 and 16 February and contained significant amounts of supercooled liquid water for nearly 30 h. Two distinct layers were evident in the cloud. The lower layer was near neutral stability (boundary layer air) and contained easterly upslope flow. The upper layer (frontal transition zone) was thermodynamically stable and contained southerly flow. Overlying the upslope cloud was a dry, southwesterly flow of 2025 m s −1, resulting in strong wind shear near cloud top. Within 10 km of the Rocky Mountain barrier, easterly low-level flow was lifted up and over the mountains. The above-described kinematic and thermodynamic structure produced three distinct mechanisms leading to the production .