Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microscopic details of age related changes in rat optic nerve

Background: Age-related changes in the number and density of optic nerve fibres were studied in 12-month-old (adult) and 24-month-old (aged) male Wistar rats.Methods: Two-micrometer-thick resin-embedded optic nerve cross-sections obtained from two different age groups were stained withtoluidine blue and examined under a light microscope at low (5x) and high (500x) magnification. The optic nerve cross-sectionalarea, and the number of nerve fibres with diameters less or higher than 1 μm were evaluated by means of computerized imageanalysis and statistical analysis of results.Results: Retrobulbar optic nerve cross-sectional area decreased in relation to ageing. The number of optic nerve fibres with adiameter of less than 1 μm decreased by about 39% in 24-month-old rats versus 12 month-old animals (P 0.05). Conclusions: Data suggest that age-related impairment of nerve cell population also occurs at the optic nerve level. Our data allowus to hypothesize that all major components of the rat optic paths are sensitive to the aging process.
Productivity costs of cardiovascular disease mortality across disease types and socioeconomic groups

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single largest contributor to global mortality. Premature mortality due to CVD results in a loss of productivity, with associated economic and policy implications that are often overlooked. Methods A human capital approach was adopted to project the long-term impacts of Australian CVD deaths in 2003 on labour force participation and the present value of lifetime income (PVLI) forgone. Impacts were modelled to the year 2030 and accounted for individual characteristics at the time of death including age, sex and socioeconomic status. Results Premature deaths due to CVD in 2003 accounted for 51 659 working years and $2.69 billion in PVLI forgone when modelled to 2030 (95% CI $2.63 billion to $2.75 billion). The labour force impacts were highest for individuals aged between 35 and 64 at the time of death, and male deaths accounted for 87% of the total PVLI loss. The most costly disease type was ischaemic heart disease, followed by stroke and inflammatory heart disease. Deaths occurring in individuals residing in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged areas at the time of death had a disproportionately large impact on the total PVLI loss. Conclusions This study quantifies the relative productivity costs of CVD mortality across a range of disease types and socioeconomic groups. The magnitude of these costs highlights the scope for investments in effective healthcare interventions to provide positive economic returns and may assist decision makers in allocating resources among competing priorities.
Micropterigidae (Lepidoptera) of the Southwestern Pacific: a revision with the establishment of five new genera from Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand

With the discovery of new taxa and developments in biogeography and molecular phylogenetics, it has become clear that the diversity of Micropterigidae in the SW Pacific region is inadequately represented by the current taxonomy. The existing taxonomy implies a single lineage in this region, while an unpublished molecular analysis reveals the presence of three distinct lineages in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand, hence the need for revision. Currently only three named species are described from eastern Australia, all placed within the genus Sabatinca Walker. This revision isolates porphyrodes Turner 1932, from northern Queensland, as a new monotypic genus Austromartyria, here recognised as a member of a diverse ‘southern sabatincoid lineage’ distributed around the Southern Hemisphere. The bulk of the fauna covered in this revision includes: S. calliplaca Meyrick 1902, together with 6 new taxa in a new Australian genus Tasmantrix; S. sterops Turner 1921 plus a new species from New Caledonia, in another new genus Aureopterix. The New Zealand species Sabatinca zonodoxa Meyrick 1888, is synonymised with S. rosicoma Meyrick 1914 and placed in a new monotypic genus Zealandopterix. Finally, a new genus Nannopterix is erected for a new species from New Caledonia. The assemblage of four new genera (excluding Austromartyria) together comprise the basal lineage of Micropterigidae, previously referred to as the ‘Australian-group. ’ All five new genera are distinguished from Sabatinca s.str. , the focus of diversity in the region (confined to New Caledonia and New Zealand), but not revised here.
A study to assess the knowledge regarding practices of menstrual hygiene and reproductive tract infections among school going adolescent girls

Background: Poor menstrual hygiene and inadequate self-care are major determinants of morbidity and other complications among adolescent age groups. Some of these problems include urinary tract infections, scabies in the vaginal area, abnormal abdominal pain, and absence from school. Due to the silence prevailing in developing countries related to the topic of menstruation and related issues, many young girls lack appropriate information on menstrual hygiene. Learning about menstrual hygiene is a vital part of health education for adolescent girls so that they can continue to work and maintain hygienic habits throughout their adult life. Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the knowledge of students about menstrual hygiene and the diseases contracted if the standards of hygiene are not maintained and (2) to educate and increase the awareness of the students about the proper hygiene to be maintained during the cycle and about the risks. Materials and Methods: This was a two-point cross-sectional study, carried out during OctoberDecember 2017 among 200 adolescent school going girl students of Government Hamidia Girls School, Bhopal. MS Excel and Epi info version 6 were used for statistical analysis. The study population was interviewed through pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire, and intervention in the form of audiovisual presentations was given. Results: Of 200 students studied, majority, i.e., 71% of the girls was aged between 15 and 17 years. Only 38% of the girls were aware of menstruation before menarche. The main source of information about menstruation and menstrual hygiene was their mother in about 54% of girls. 76% of the girls used sanitary pads during menstruation. Conclusion: The present study shows the need for adolescent girls to have accurate and adequate information about menstruation. The study revealed that the knowledge on menstruation is poor and the hygiene practiced is often suboptimal. Awareness among adolescent girls regarding menstruation has increased in recent times, but lot more can be done to improve menstrual health management awareness among adolescent girls for addressing those problems.
Contribution à l’identification des gènes impliqués dans le groupe des chondrodysplasies avec côtes courtes et polydactylie

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Contribution à l’identification des gènes impliqués dans le groupe des chondrodysplasies avec côtes courtes et polydactylie Joyce El Hokayem
Cryoprotective effect of trehalose and maltose on washed and frozen stored beef meat

The cryoprotective effects of trehalose and maltose (w = 2 - 10%) on washed beef meat were investigated. Washed beef meat was produced from fresh beef meat, frozen and stored for 360 days on -30 °C. Myofibrillar protein functional stability was monitored by salt extractable protein (SEP) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Salt extractable protein (SEP) showed that the addition of trehalose and maltose caused smaller decrease in protein solubility during frozen storage. Peak thermal transition (Tp) and denaturation enthalpy (ΔH) of myofibrillar proteins were evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed a shift in peak thermal transition temperature (Tp) of myosin and actin to higher temperature as the mass fraction of trehalose and maltose increases. The transitions enthalpies of myosin and actin of washed beef meat samples showed higher increase with the increase of mass fraction of trehalose then the maltose. Since the value of denaturation enthalpy is directly related to amount of native proteins, higher values of ΔH indicates to the higher cryoprotective effects of trehalose.
Treatment with or Elimination of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) Results in Altered mRNA Abundance of Undifferentiated Spermatogonia Niche, Renewal and Differentiation Factors

79 Introduction . 80 Materials and Methods . 83 Results . 90 Discussion . 95 Literature Cited . 118 Summary . 122 List of Figures Chapter 1 Figure 1. Genetic basis of sexual differentiation from the bipotential gonad . 24 Figure 2. Murine steroidogenesis . 25 Figure 3. Spermatogonial Stem Cell Niche, Renewal and Differentiation . 26 Figure 4. Depiction of human splice variants of VEGFA proangiogenic isoforms and antiangiogenic isoforms at the mRNA and protein levels . 27 Figure 5. Signal transduction of VEGFA164 compared to VEGFA165b . 28 Figure 6. NRP-1 binds proangiogenic isoforms of VEGFA . 29 Figure 7. Proposed effects of VEGFA isoforms on self-renewal and differentiation of undifferentiated spermatogonia . 30 Chapter 2 Table 1. Quantitative PCR primers, probes and kits . 62 Figure 1. Treatment scheme for injecting perinatal rat pups and early testis differentiation and germ cell development . 63 Figure 2. Testis seminiferous cord and interstitial areas for pups treated with 0.5 μg PBS, VEGFA164 or VEGFA165b.64 Figure 3. Testis seminiferous cord and interstitial areas for pups treated with 1 μg PBS, VEGFA164 or VEGFA165b.65 Figure 4. Testis seminiferous cord and interstitial areas for pups treated with 1 μg IgG or antiVEGFAxxxb . 66 Figure 5. VASA-positive germ cells per cord for pups treated with 0.5 μg PBS, VEGFA164 or VEGFA165b.67 Figure 6. VASA-positive germ cells per cord for pups treated with 1 μg PBS, VEGFA164 or VEGFA165b.68 Figure 7. VASA-positive germ cells per cord for pups treated with IgG or antiVEGFAxxxb . 69 Figure 8. Messenger RNA abundance of genes involved in survival and apoptosis . 70
SIX MONTHS OUTCOME OF LOCO-REGIONAL TREATMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AT ADVANCED LIVER CENTER, ZAGAZIG UNIVERSITY

Received: 1 October 2018 Accepted: 18 December 2018 Corresponding author Heba Sayed Abdel Hamid dr.hebazrka@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the few cancers for which loco-regional treatments are recognised as being able to cure and/or prolong survival and are included in international guidelines. The treatment choice in patients with HCC is therefore driven not only by tumour staging, as in the great majority of cancers, but also by careful evaluation of liver function and physical status. We aimed to evaluate the outcome of locoregional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma at Zagazig University. Methods: From June 2017 to December 2017, 30 patients with HCC who Patients’ candidate for loco-regional treatment according to BCLC were included that followed prospectively in this study. Results: There was a significant improvement after treatment as regard albumin,total, direct bilirubin, INR, AFP and focal size , and a significant successful of treatment by 70% of the cases. Positive HCV is a significant risk factor for treatment failure. Conclusions: Loco-regional treatments have a significant role in patients with HCC at all stages. Literature data support the use of image-guided ablation, primarily RFA, as the first-line treatment in patients with very early and early-stage HCC.
Prelacteal feeding practice and maintenance of exclusive breast feeding in Bihar, India – identifying key demographic sections for childhood nutrition interventions: a cross-sectional study

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life is considered a high impact, but low-cost, measure for improving nutritional status, and reducing morbidity and mortality among children. However, providing prelacteal feed to a newborn, a widely practiced custom in rural India, is a major barrier to the practice of EBF. The present study evaluated the association between provision of prelacteal feeding and continuation of EBF among children up to 3 months age in Bihar, a resource-poor Indian state. Methods: Data from four rounds of a population-based multi-stage sampling survey, conducted in 8 districts of Bihar between 2012 and 2013, were used for the present analysis. Using simple and adjusted logistic regression modelling, we tested the association of providing prelacteal feeding with two outcome measures - 1) giving only breastmilk during the last 24 hours, and 2) exclusively breastfed (EBF) since birth (excluding the first 3 days of life). Results: Among 10,262 children for whom prelacteal feeding data was available, 26% received prelacteal feeding. About 55% mothers reported that their children were exclusively breastfed, whereas 82% mothers provided only breastmilk to their children during the previous 24 hours. Children who received prelacteal feeding had approximately 60% lesser odds of being breastfed exclusively during the previous 24 hours [AOR = 0.39(0.33-0.47)] and 80% lesser odds of receiving continued EBF since birth [AOR = 0.20(0.17-0.24)]. Conclusions: Frontline workers (FLW) provide nutritional counselling to mothers and children of rural India. In order to improve uptake of EBF, the families practicing prelacteal feeding should be identified early and educated on the harmful effects of prelacteal feeding for EBF and subsequently on infant health. Midwives/nurses at the public and private facilities as well as the home birth attendants should also be made aware about the negative effects of prelacteal feed.
竹子扩张生态学研究: 过程、后效与机制

Bamboos(Poaceae: Bambusoideae) have posed a serious threat to native ecosystems,though they play an important role socially and economically. Here we review recent research progresses on bamboo expansion with emphasis on process,consequence and mechanism. Based on the review it is considered that(1) the bamboo expansion process can be divided into four stages including underground extension,aboveground sprouting,exclusive competition,and absolute dominance;(2) Bamboo expansion will likely lead to drastic shifts in community structure and composition,biodiversity,soil properties(physical,chemical and microbial),ecological processes and functions,and local landscape; and(3) bamboos,with many inherent superiorities of rapid growth,clonal reproduction,phenotypic plasticity and collaboration,could gradually invade into adjacent communities especially derived forests,by means of shading,physical damage,litterfall,nutrient competition and allelopathy. Disturbances to neighboring communities are likely to facilitate bamboo expansion. Therefore,bamboo expansion is a typical example of local biological invasion brought about by interactions among inherent superiority,resource opportunity and disturbance by human or nature(wind,snow-ice,etc.). At a time of rapid global changes,we are confronted with new challenges from biological invasion. We recommend that priorities for future studies should be directed at understanding the responses and adaptions of bamboo to global environmental changes,bamboo-broadleaved/coniferous forest interface characteristics,bamboo expansion process and pattern,ecological risk evaluation,management and control strategies of bamboo expansion,and proper utilization of bamboo resources. This overview suggests that more attentions should be paid to native invasive species aside from alien species.
Outcome of cochlear implantation in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and mondini dysplasia (incomplete partition type II)

Background Congenital inner ear abnormality is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children, about 20% of children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) have associated malformations of the temporal bone, and increased experience in cochlear implantation has led to more children with abnormal cochleo-vestibular anatomy submitted to this procedure. Aim To evaluate the outcome of cochlear implantation in cases with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and Mondini deformity (incomplete partition type II) following cochlear implantation and comparing the results with cochlear implant cases without inner ear anomalies. Patients and methods 69 children all less than 6 years of age, CI surgeries underwent from April 2014 to December 2015 at the National Hearing & Speech institute (HSI) Giza-Egypt. Eight patients were congenital prelingual severe to profound hearing loss with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and Mondini deformity (incomplete partition type II) Isolated EVA was detected in four cases, two cases with bilateral incomplete partition type II (Mondini deformity) and two cases with bilateral incomplete partition II (Mondini deformity) associated with dilated vestibule & vestibular aqueducts bilaterally with short lateral, SCC (semicircular canal), Beside those 8 cases, a random sample (16 control cases) . The ECAP thresholds determined with neural response telemetry (NRT) or Auditory response threshold (ART) software provide a good starting point for locating the behavioral T and C levels. Auditory skills were evaluated before start of rehabilitation and after 6 months of rehabilitation using LittlEARS Questionnaire and Auditory Checklists and compared to the auditory skills of other cochlear implantees with normal inner ear. Results: This study showed that the auditory skills and audiological performance of children with congenital ear anomalies developed over a period of 6 months after cochlear implantation, in a similar manner to those of young children with radiologically normal inner ears. Conclusion Cochlear implantation can be successfully performed in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and Mondini dysplasia (incomplete partition type II) . These children and their parents can expect significant auditory benefits from this intervention.
High and low density intracellular water.

: The proposal that liquid water consists of microdomains of rapidly-exchanging polymorphs of high and low density is examined for its impact upon roles of water in biology. It is assumed that the two polymorphs persist in solution and adjacent to surfaces and that solutes partition asymmetrically between them. It transpires that chaotropes are solutes which partition preferentially into low density water and displace the water equilibrium toward the high density polymorph. Kosmotropes. both ionic and non-polar, partition into high density water and induce low density water. Displacement of the water equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure has a thermodynamic cost which can be high. This appears to be a dominant factor in folding of proteins and DNA, aggregation of biopolymers and insolubility of non-polar kosmotropes. Cells control both the concentration of proteins and the selection of small solutes to produce an intracellular environment most conducive to co-ordinated enzyme function. Intracellular water has similar microdomains to bulk water, but surfaces and solutes redistribute them. Average properties, as measured by NMR are similar, but local properties on a nm scale may differ widely. Enzymes apparently use these local differences to activate cations for transport, induce movement and for synthesis.
Physiology and Metabolism of 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae'.

Abstract : The principal findings have been: (1) The respiratory chain appears to contain several nonheme iron centers, cytochrome c, two b cytochromes, with cytochrome o which probably serves as the terminal oxidase. (2) Acetate accumulates during glucose catabolism and is not further metabolized until glucose catabolism ceases. Then, acetate is oxidized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). (3) Although acetate does not enter the TCA cycle during glucose catabolism, a portion of the cycle functions as evidenced by the oxidation of glutamate. (4) The gonococcus does not contain a pyridine nucleotide-dependent malate dehydrogenase. Instead, this organism possesses a FAD-dependent malate oxidase which appears to be associated with the electron transport chain. (5) A rapid method was developed to identify Neisseria spp. by the production of acid from specific carbohydrates.
Oral Misoprostol 2 Hourly for Labor Induction

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the 2 hourly oral misoprostol for labor induction. Between May and November 2013, the hospital records of 83 women who were induced for labor and met the eligibility criteria were retrospectively reviewed. Eligibility criteria were singleton pregnancy of at least 34 weeks’ gestation and a baseline Bishop score 6. Women with a previous cesarean section or other uterine surgery, severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, and parity of 4 or more were excluded. Oral misoprostol was administered as 20 μg 2 hourly unless active labor. A maximum of 12 doses was allowed. The age of the women was 27.9 ± 5.3 years (mean ± SD). Vaginal delivery within 24 hours occurred in 38 (45.8%) women. Cesarean delivery occurred in 17 (20.5%) women. Although more parous women achieved vaginal delivery within 24 hours (52.6%) compared with nulliparous women (40.0%), the difference was not significant (P = .35). Uterine tachysystole occurred in 12 (14.5%) women. No perinatal deaths or neonatal intensive care unit admission occurred in the study group. Evidence supporting an optimal regimen is lacking, and additional research is warranted to optimize the use of oral misoprostol for the induction of labor.
Taxonomic synopsis of the Old World asopine genera (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae )

The subfamily Asopinae of the stinkbug family Pentatomidae is revised for the Old World with a key to the genera and a review of the species with nomenclatural changes. The genus Tahitocoris is removed from the Asopinae and placed tentatively with the Podopinae. The genus Breddiniella is reduced to a synonym of Cazira. The genus Incitatus is reduced to a synonym of Martinina. The genus Platynopus is divided into three genera by the restriction of Platynopus to include only five Indo- Pacific species; the elevation of the subgenus Montrouzieriellus to the level of full genus, and the erection of a new genus Platynopiellus for the African species formerly placed in Platynopus. A new genus Australojalla is erected for Jalla versicolor. The genera Cantheconidea and Eocanthecona are defined and their respective species aligned in concordance with their definitions. Fourteen species are thus transferred from Cantheconidea to Eocanthecona creating the following new combinations: Eocanthecona japanicola, Eocanthecona binotata, Eocanthecona latipes, Eocanthecona mitis, Eocanthecona neotibialis, Eocanthecona ornatula, Eocanthecona parva, Eocanthecona plebeja, Eocanthecona robusta, Eocanthecona rufescens, Eocanthecona shikokuensis, Eocanthecona thomsoni, Eocanthecona tibialis, and Eocanthecona vollenhoveni. Eocanthecona migratoria is transferred to the genus Afrius creating the new combination Afrius migratorius. Also, Canthecona populusi is transferred to Eocanthecona giving the new combination Eocanthecona populusi. Anasida ikrami is transferred to the genus Pseudanasida giving the new combination Pseudanasida ikrami. Afrius discolor glypsoides is placed in synonymy under Cantheconada discolor. Asopus rufus is synonymized under Amyotea malabarica Arma neocusta and Arma neoinsperata are synonymized under Arma custos.