Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The serotonergic psychedelic N, N-dipropyltryptamine alters information-processing dynamics in cortical neural circuits

Most of the recent work in psychedelic neuroscience has been done using non-invasive neuroimaging, with data recorded from the brains of adult volunteers under the influence of a variety of drugs. While this data provides holistic insights into the effects of psychedelics on whole-brain dynamics, the effects of psychedelics on the meso-scale dynamics of cortical circuits remains much less explored. Here, we report the effects of the serotonergic psychedelic N,N-diproptyltryptamine (DPT) on information-processing dynamics in a sample of in vitro organotypic cultures made from rat cortical tissue. Three hours of spontaneous activity were recorded: an hour of pre-drug control, and hour of exposure to 10$\mu$M DPT solution, and a final hour of washout, once again under control conditions. We found that DPT reversibly alters information dynamics in multiple ways: first, the DPT condition was associated with higher entropy of spontaneous firing activity and reduced the amount of time information was stored in individual neurons. Second, DPT also reduced the reversibility of neural activity, increasing the entropy produced and suggesting a drive away from equilibrium. Third, DPT altered the structure of neuronal circuits, decreasing the overall information flow coming into each neuron, but increasing the number of weak connections, creating a dynamic that combines elements of integration and disintegration. Finally, DPT decreased the higher-order statistical synergy present in sets of three neurons. Collectively, these results paint a complex picture of how psychedelics regulate information processing in meso-scale cortical tissue. Implications for existing hypotheses of psychedelic action, such as the Entropic Brain Hypothesis, are discussed.
New Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Hexactinellid Sponge Species from the Western Ukraine

Abstract The Cenomanian hexactinellid assemblages are relatively rare and are known only from England and France. The phosphatized sponges from the Pokuttian Podillia in western Ukraine seem to be taxonomically the most diverse Cenomanian hexactinellid assemblage known from Europe and the world. Several new hexactinellid taxa (Class Hexactinellida) are described from the Cenomanian of Pokuttian Podillia: Myliusia rakovensis n. sp. , Verrucocoelia regularis n. sp. , Tretochone cretacea n. sp. , Heterochone boguckii, Dunikowskiella nezvyskensis n. gen. n. sp. , and Moretiella foliacea n. sp. A new lychniscosidan genus Dunikowskiella is established within the family Callodictyonidae. Until now, genus Moretiella was reported only from the Aptian of Spain and the Albian of France. The extant genera Heterochone and Myliusia are also rare as fossils. Heterochone was known from the Campanian of Germany. Myliusia, noted in the Miocene of Spain, is well documented in Late Cretaceous for the first time. Tretochone was known only from recent times. The sponges studied lived in the shelf sea, shallower than most recent hexactinellids occur.
Square-root parametrization of dark energy in f(Q) cosmology

This paper is a parametrization of the equation of state (EoS) parameter of dark energy (DE), which is parameterized using square-root (SR) form i.e. ωSR=ω0+ω1zz2+1 , where ω 0 and ω 1 are free constants. This parametrization is examined in the context of the recently suggested f(Q) gravity theory as an alternative to general relativity (GR), in which gravitational effects are attributed to the non-metricity scalar Q with the functional form f(Q) = Q + α Q n , where α and n are arbitrary constants. We derive observational constraints on model parameters using the Hubble dataset with 31 data points and the Supernovae (SNe) dataset from the Pantheon samples compilation dataset with 1048 data points. For the current model, the evolution of the deceleration parameter, density parameter, EoS for DE, and Om(z) diagnostic have all been investigated. It has been shown that the deceleration parameter favors the current accelerated expansion phase. It has also been shown that the EoS parameter for DE has a quintessence nature at this time.
Growth and Biomass of Six-year-old Eucalyptus urophylla Plantation in Leizhou Forestry Bureau

Eucalyptus is an important fast-growing tree for fiber and played vital role in forestry development.The study was conducted on the growth and biomass of six-year-old E.urophylla plantation in Leizhou Forestry Bureau.The results indicated that the tree height and diameter increased with the increasing of tree ages,but the increasing tendency of height became slowly,diameter variation had no big difference.It was feasible to use the study results with good effects by the least square method to estimate the biomass of Eucalyptus urophylla by groups.Biomass obviously increased with the age becoming old and leave biomass increased quickly in the initial stage.The biomass of stem-wood and bark accumulated speedly after three years.In six years old plantations,its biomass of stem-wood was more than half of total biomass,and over 58% of the above-ground biomass.All these results would be taken as an important technical guidance for the cultivation of short-period fiber of E.urophylla.
Temporal variations in the linkage between the net ecosystem exchange of water vapour and CO2 over boreal forests in eastern Siberia

This study investigated evapotranspiration and CO2 exchange, observed by the eddy covariance method, over two larch‐dominated forests, in the middle part of the Lena basin, eastern Siberia. Compared with the Spasskaya Pad (SP) forest, the Elgeeii (EG) forest had more plant biomass and a soil texture that allowed for larger water retention. Observations in three growing seasons revealed that the two sites had similar seasonal patterns of meteorological conditions and almost the same total evapotranspiration; however, the net and gross uptakes of CO2 at the EG forest were 1·61 and 1·31 times those at the SP forest, respectively. The difference in aboveground biomass was probably responsible for the higher productivity at EG. Less aboveground biomass would result in less transpiration by trees at SP, which would be compensated for in total evapotranspiration by soil evaporation and transpiration by the forest floor vegetation. It is likely that forest transpiration is commonly optimized to the same level of evapotranspiration under similar meteorological conditions through differences in the contributions of evapotranspiration from the forest floor vegetation and the soil water availability. Water use efficiency (WUE) displayed different patterns, reflecting the seasonal variations in each flux. Seasonal sequences in the WUE at EG indicated a midsummer depletion, which is commonly observed in forest ecosystems under a broad climate. Daily variation corresponding to the vapour pressure deficit and the cloud cover conditions (reduced solar radiation) was also observed. In contrast, WUE was relatively invariable at the seasonal and daily scales at SP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Importance of Financial Reporting Assistance for Persis Banjaran Jam'iyyah Businessmen

Training and mentoring are carried out for businessmen Jam’iyyah (Persis Banjaran) Bandung district. Financial management, through financial recording and reporting, is one of the main problems faced by these businessmen, which is still done minimally. This is due to the lack of knowledge about the importance of financial reporting in optimizing businesses decision-making and improving financial performance. Appropriate training and mentoring can be a solution to the problems faced by businessmen Jam’iyyah (Persis Banjaran). This activity is carried out offline in the form of face-to-face training for 2 meetings while still paying attention to health protocols on Saturday, November 13, 2021 and March 26, 2022. After training and offline assistance, our team provided time for participants to consult online through social media. Based on discussions held with businessmen and the head of the social and economic field of PC Persis Banjara (as partners), this partnership can be continued with programs that reach the wider community. This training and assistance is expected to raise the enthusiasm and consistency of businessmen in carrying out financial recording and reporting in the simplest way, but still being accountable. Keywords: businessmen, financial reporting, business decisions
Spectrum of gravitational waves from long-lasting primordial sources

We discuss long-lasting gravitational wave sources arising and operating during radiation-dominated stage. Under a set of assumptions, we establish the correspondence between cosmological evolution of a source and the resulting gravitational wave spectrum. Namely, for the source energy density ρs falling as a power law characterized by the exponent β, i.e., ρs ∝ 1/aβ , where a is the Universe scale factor, the spectrum takes the form Ωgw ∝ f 2β-8 in certain ranges of values of constant β and frequencies f. In particular, matching to the best fit power law shape of stochastic gravitational wave background discovered recently by Pulsar Timing Array collaborations, one identifies β ≈ 5. We demonstrate the correspondence with concrete examples of long-lasting sources: domain walls and cosmic strings.
A nonlinear spectral core-periphery detection method for multiplex networks

Core-periphery detection aims to separate the nodes of a complex network into two subsets: a core that is densely connected to the entire network and a periphery that is densely connected to the core but sparsely connected internally. The definition of core-periphery structure in multiplex networks that record different types of interactions between the same set of nodes but on different layers is nontrivial since a node may belong to the core in some layers and to the periphery in others. The current state-of-the-art approach relies on linear combinations of individual layer degree vectors whose layer weights need to be chosen a-priori. We propose a nonlinear spectral method for multiplex networks that simultaneously optimizes a node and a layer coreness vector by maximizing a suitable nonconvex homogeneous objective function by an alternating fixed point iteration. We prove global optimality and convergence guarantees for admissible hyper-parameter choices and convergence to local optima for the remaining cases. We derive a quantitative measure for the quality of a given multiplex core-periphery structure that allows the determination of the optimal core size. Numerical experiments on synthetic and real-world networks illustrate that our approach is robust against noisy layers and outperforms baseline methods with respect to a variety of core-periphery quality measures. In particular, all methods based on layer aggregation are improved when used in combination with the novel optimized layer coreness vector weights. As the runtime of our method depends linearly on the number of edges of the network it is scalable to large-scale multiplex networks.
Anti-scientiﬁc beliefs predict health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic

There exist today many forms of anti-scientiﬁc beliefs, from extreme views like the QAnon conspiracies, to misconceptions about vaccines and cancer treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented to us a situation in which the public is being asked by medical experts and politicians alike to trust in science and follow after various health recommendations like wearing masks or getting vaccinated against the virus. We used an anti-science belief scale [Morgan et al., 2018] to assess how preexisting beliefs that run counter to the scientiﬁc narrative predict behaviors during the pandemic. We found that people who were more accepting of those anti-scientiﬁc positions trusted medical information and experts less and engaged less in recommended health behaviors, while simultaneously showing a more favorable view of Trump’s actions as President during the pandemic. Abstract
Geometric modelling of face processing surfaces by planetary executive devices of tunnelling machines

Purpose. To identify characteristic surface forms generated by the movement of a cutting tool located on the working disks of a planetary executive device depending on its main parameters in various implementation schemes. This will contribute to a more accurate determination of rational values for the structural and kinematic parameters of the executive device for specific design schemes and operating conditions. Methodology. A scheme was used to provide a general definition of the surface formed while processing the face with the system of working tools of a planetary executive device, which integrates all the existing and theoretically possible options of a planetary executive device with two rotational motions and a translational one. The generalized model of the planetary executive device is based on an arbitrarily oriented moving working disk which rotates, with a system of working tools positioned on it. Findings. In the work, modelling and geometric analysis are performed of the characteristic forms of surface carriers (processing surfaces) of the trajectories of the working tool installed on the disks of the planetary executive devices of tunnelling machines. The characteristic peculiarities are revealed of the change in the shape of the processing surface when varying the values of the parameters of the executive device and the nature of the impact of each of them on the shape of this surface, taking into account the peculiarities of the interaction of the working tool with the rocks being destructed. Originality. Geometric analysis of surface carriers formed by numerous trajectories of movement of working tools of various designs of the planetary executive device shows that, in general, the processing surface is a section of a helical cylindrical helicoidal surface. When simplified, it turns into a section of a toroidal surface, with a second-order closed curve, whose shape depends on the values of the orientation angles of the working disk. To identify the characteristic peculiarities of the face surface formation, assessment was performed of the impact of each of these parameters separately on the shape of the surface carriers of the working sections of the tool trajectories (processing surfaces), considering the case of maximum processing of the face surface with the working disks of the executive device to ensure the commonality of the results. Practical value. The results of the studies conducted in the work provide the theoretical basis for solving the engineering issues of the interaction of the working tool of planetary executive devices with rocks being destructed, where the geometric parameters of this interaction are of paramount importance.
Evaluation of the alveolar bone and lingual concavity in the posterior mandibular region based on cone-beam computed tomography data

Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate the morphology of the alveolar bone in the posterior mandibular region and its relationship with age and sex. Methodology: In the present study, the reports of 500 patients over 18 years of age who were admitted to our faculty with an existing second premolar and missing first molar and who underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging were randomly selected and retrospectively evaluated. In the study, alveolar crest types, the buccolingual width of the alveolar crest, crest height, lingual concavity depth, and lingual concavity angle were measured. Results: U-type crest was detected in 47.8% of 500 individuals evaluated using CBCT. The mean depth of the lingual concavities was 2.36 ± 1.11 mm, and the mean angle of the lingual concavities was 61.09 ± 11.33°. No statistically significant relationship was found between age and alveolar crest width, alveolar crest height, lingual concavity depth, and lingual concavity angle. No significant difference was found between genders in terms of lingual concavity depth, whereas alveolar crest width, alveolar crest height, and lingual concavity angle were significantly higher in males. Conclusion: The alveolar crest height, alveolar crest width, and lingual concavity angle of edentulous crests in the mandibular first molar region were statistically significantly higher in males compared with females. It can be beneficial to evaluate gender-related differences using CBCT to prevent complications before performing implantation and other oral surgical procedures in the related region. How to cite this article: Dala A, İpek F. Evaluation of the alveolar bone and lingual concavity in the posterior mandibular region based on cone-beam computed tomography data. Int Dent Res 2023;13(S1):11-19. https://doi.org/10.5577/idr.2023. vol13.s1. 2 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Efficacy and safety of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody combination therapy in patients with advanced experienced epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant lung adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study

Background The effectiveness of combining anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and chemotherapy has been evaluated as superior to that of chemotherapy alone in the patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 combination therapy were evaluated retrospectively in patients who experienced EGFR-TKI-resistant with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), with the goal of providing helpful guidance for clinical application. Methods The clinical results of patients with incurable LUAD who received anti-PD-1 antibody combined with or without anti-angiogenic or chemotherapy after EGFR-TKI therapy failure were collected. The efficacy was calculated based on the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The efficacy of the regimes was compared according to treatment groups and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Results The final analysis included a total of 43 patients with advanced EGFR-mutant LUAD. The overall cohort had an ORR of 23.3%, median PFS (mPFS) of 6.5 months, and median OS (mOS) of 10.6 months. No notable distinction was observed in mPFS and mOS among patients receiving three types of anti-PD-1 antibody combination therapies. Patients with positive PD-L1 expression showed a longer mPFS compared to patients with negative PD-L1 expression. No statistical difference was detected in terms of mPFS between the use of immune combination chemotherapy and immune combination anti-angiogenic therapy in the PD-L1 positive subgroup, and PFS was prolonged regardless of the PD-L1 expression status being positive or negative in the population receiving immune combination chemotherapy. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of grade 3 or higher were observed in 16.3% of patients, including chemotherapy-containing immunotherapy. No deaths resulting from immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were reported, and only 1 patient receiving immunotherapy plus chemotherapy had to discontinue treatment due to irAEs. Conclusions Combination immunotherapy is feasible in post-TKI resistant individuals with LUAD harboring EGFR mutations. Immune combination chemotherapy and immune combination anti-angiogenic therapy have equivalent efficacy in the PD-L1 positive population. PD-L1 expression can be used as a reference for screening candidates for combination immunotherapy.
Permeability of granite in a temperature gradient

Changes in permeability of granite were measured as water flowed through samples in a temperature gradient. The experimental conditions simulated those around the 'very deep hole concept' nuclear waste repository. Temperature was maintained between 200/sup 0/ and 310/sup 0/C, in a borehole of a cylindrical sample. Confining pressures of 30 and 60 MPa, with corresponding pore pressures of 10 and 20 MPa, simulated depths of burial of approximately 1.2 and 2.4 km, respectively. A small pore pressure gradient enabled distilled water to flow from the borehole (high temperature) to the outside of the sample (low temperature). Tests were run for intact samples with initial permeabilities of several hundred nanodarcies and for samples containing throughgoing fractures, with initial permeabilities of about 1 millidarcy. In all cases, permeability decreased between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude at a rate that increased with higher temperatures. At 200/sup 0/C, permeability dropped by an order of magnitude over a 1-month period, whereas at 310/sup 0/C, permeability dropped sharply within a few days to 5% of the initial value. The dissolution of quartz and feldspar and redeposition of these minerals within cracks at lower temperature was found to be the major cause of reduction of permeability.more » If similar processes occurred near a deep hole nuclear waste repository site in granite, then migration of radionuclides away from the site might be suppressed, even if the rock surrounding the waste contained fractures. « less
3D inversion of airborne electromagnetic data

ABSTRACTTime-domain airborne surveys gather hundreds of thousands of multichannel, multicomponent samples. The volume of data and other complications have made 1D inversions and transforms the only viable method to interpret these data, in spite of their limitations. We have developed a practical methodology to perform full 3D inversions of entire time- or frequency-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys. Our methodology is based on the concept of a moving footprint that reduces the computation requirements by several orders of magnitude. The 3D AEM responses and sensitivities are computed using a frequency-domain total field integral equation technique. For time-domain AEM responses and sensitivities, the frequency-domain responses and sensitivities are transformed to the time domain via a cosine transform and convolution with the system waveform. We demonstrate the efficiency of our methodology with a model study relevant to the Abitibi greenstone belt and a case study from the Reid-Mahaffy test .
‘Days of Frustration’: A Qualitative Study of Adolescents’ Thoughts and Experiences of Schooling after Early Dropout

School dropout increases the risk of unemployment, health problems, and disability benefits. Employing an ecological-developmental perspective, we analyzed the interviews of thirteen students from a peripheral Norwegian county, aiming to explore the possible influence of upbringing and schooling on dropout. The analysis revealed that dropout was associated with an unstable family situation, lack of structure in everyday life, unresolved complex learning difficulties, bullying, and a tough existence in a rented room. The participants conveyed a sense of defeat, frustration, and an absence of meaningful alternatives. However, two participants had actively chosen to discontinue their education; this was because they preferred work practice to allow them time to mature and re-orientate in relation to future educational and career choices. Their families and social networks contributed actively to the implementation of their future plans. The findings point to the importance of studying interventions that may prevent school dropout, and that address central factors in the process of school dropout, such as social support, academic achievement, and parental involvement.