Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Territoriality drives preemptive habitat selection in recovering wolves: implications for carnivore conservation.

According to the ideal-free distribution (IFD), individuals within a population are free to select habitats that maximize their chances of success. Assuming knowledge of habitat quality, the IFD predicts that average fitness will be approximately equal among individuals and between habitats, while density varies, implying that habitat selection will be density dependent. Populations are often assumed to follow an IFD, although this assumption is rarely tested with empirical data, and may be incorrect when territoriality indicates habitat selection tactics that deviate from the IFD (e.g. ideal despotic distribution or ideal preemptive distribution). When territoriality influences habitat selection, species' density will not directly reflect components of fitness such as reproductive success or survival. In such cases, assuming an IFD can lead to false conclusions about habitat quality. We tested theoretical models of density-dependent habitat selection on a species known to exhibit territorial behavior in order to determine whether commonly applied habitat models are appropriate under these circumstances. We combined long-term radio telemetry and census data from gray wolves (Canis lupus) in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA to relate spatiotemporal variability in wolf density to underlying classifications of habitat within a hierarchical state-space modeling framework. We then iteratively applied isodar analysis to evaluate which distribution of habitat selection best described this recolonizing wolf population. The wolf population in our study expanded by >1000% during our study (~ 50 to > 600 individuals), and density-dependent habitat selection was most consistent with the ideal preemptive distribution, as opposed to the ideal-free or ideal-despotic alternatives. Population density of terrestrial carnivores may not be positively correlated with the fitness value of their habitats, and density-dependent habitat selection patterns may help to explain complex predator-prey dynamics and cascading indirect effects. Source-sink population dynamics appear likely when species exhibit rapid growth and occupy interspersed habitats of contrasting quality. These conditions are likely and have implications for large carnivores in many systems, such as areas in North America and Europe where large predator species are currently recolonizing their former ranges.
Empathy does not amplify vicarious threat learning.

Clinically significant fears and phobias can be acquired vicariously. Witnessing another person's defensive reactions to potentially dangerous objects and situations can instill conditioned threat responses in the observer. The present study investigated individual differences in this social learning process. Specifically, we hypothesized that dispositional empathy modulates vicarious threat conditioning. We examined university students' (N = 150) conditioned threat responding after they observed strangers undergo Pavlovian threat conditioning. There was evidence of a substantial conditioned defensive response (Cohen's d = 0.66), as indexed by elevated electrodermal activity during participants' direct exposure to the vicariously conditioned stimuli. Contrary to expectations, indices of dispositional empathy were weakly related to the size of conditioned responses (median r = .04). Our results confirm that vicarious threat learning can be evaluated experimentally, but they do not support the hypothesis that empathy amplifies this process. The preregistration, stimulus materials, data, and analysis code for this study are available at https://osf.io/h6hm2.
Quality Of Life And Viral Infections In Adults With Hemophilia

Results: The participants were 49 adult patients with hemophilia, male, with an average age of 32±8.5 years old. They had a higher prevalence of hemophilia A in its severe form. Viral infections were more prevalent in those who had hemophilia when hepatitis C was the most frequent infection. Viral infections had a negative impact on quality of life in the “physical capacity,” “pain,” “general health” and “mental health. ” The age of the participants who experienced viral infections resulting from treatment with blood transfusions were significantly higher than the uninfected participants.
The significance of pre-existing knowledge of the latest guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in successful basic life support education of Belgrade sixth year medical students

Introduction. The latest Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were published in 2010. The aim of the implementation of basic life support (BLS) guidelines is the introduction of uniform criteria within the domain of cardiac arrest diagnostics and treatment both for lay rescuers and first line lifesavers without formal medical education as well as for medical personnel who happen to be in the role of the event witness but without medical equipment and outside of their working place. Objective. The goal of this study was to investigate the significance of pre-existing knowledge of the latest 2010 Guidelines for CPR for achieving successful training in BLS among 6th year students of the Belgrade School of Medicine. Methods. In a five-month prospective study of 6th year medical students doing a clinical internship at the Belgrade Emergency Medical Services (EMS) were in a peer training on the application of BLS. At the beginning and at the end of the training program, the students had to pass entrance (E) and final (F) tests composed of 25 identical questions. Using the E test, the students’ knowledge of the latest CPR Guidelines was tested; they were classified into groups with pre-existing knowledge (group I) and groups without pre-existing knowledge (group II). By comparing data from E and F tests we analyzed the influence of training on the improvement of pre-existing knowledge or gaining new knowledge in BLS and first aid. Results. A total of 423 students were tested. The analysis of obtained data showed that in group I there was a statistically significant difference between correct and incorrect responses to eleven questions on the F and E tests. In group II there was a statistically significant difference between test responses in the E and F tests to 17 questions. In group II, knowledge additionally improved after training so that in the F test, a statistical significance in correct answers was achieved with regard to 8 questions in relation to the E test (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between correct and inaccurate answers in tests F and E with regard to 10 questions. In the entire group of students, a total statistical significance (p<0.05) was achieved in answers to as much as 25 questions. Conclusion. Among 6th year medical students without pre-existing knowledge of the latest 2010 CPR Guidelines, BLS training considerably improved their previously acquired knowledge. Also, students with good pre-existing knowledge, showed a considerably higher level of acquired knowledge after implemented training. A future study with a longer follow-up period to estimate the effect on long-term retention of learning outcomes is needed. SLAÐANA ANÐELIÆ ( ) Belgrade Emergency Medical Services Street Franše d`Eperea 5 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Phone: +381113615015 E-mail: novizivot@ptt.rs DIMITRA KALIMANOVSKA-OŠTRIĆ
Forecasting Equity Returns: An Analysis of Macro vs. Micro Earnings & an Introduction of a Composite Model

An analysis of P/E10 and Market Value/GDP market valuation ratios reveals P/E10’s reliance on misconceptions of the differences between micro and macro earnings. Next, Kalecki’s profit function is used to identify and avoid these problems, and Market Value/GDP is presented as the metric providing better theoretical and statistical support. Based on the Market Value/GDP metric, we develop a multi-variable forecasting model which utilizes both new and prior-researched variables, the most effective of which is a demographic measure. The resulting composite model is significantly better than popular benchmark metrics, and forecasts considerably lower returns for the coming decade.
The Effects of Trunk Exercise on Mobility, Balance and Trunk Control of Stroke Patients

PURPOSE: The initiation of the trunk muscles in stroke patients is delayed because the muscles involved in reach arm are activated earlier than the trunk muscles. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of mobility, balance, and trunk control ability through selective trunk exercise (STE) in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS: A randomized pre-test and post-test control group design was initially used, with subjects randomly assigned to the STE group (n=15) and a control group (n=14). All groups underwent physical therapy based on the neuro-developmental therapy (NDT) for 30 minutes a day, five times per week for four weeks. Additionally, the STE group did the trunk exercise for 30 minutes a day, three times per week for four weeks. The timed up and go test (TUG), Berg balance scale (BBS), and trunk impairment scale (TIS) were used for assessment. RESULTS: The scores of the TUG, BBS, dynamic sitting balance subscale, and coordination subscale of TIS improved significantly in both groups but the improvement was more
Geothermal Risk Mitigation and Business Models

The costs and risks associated with the exploration for and assessment of geothermal reservoirs are high and the results are not predictable. Geothermal resources have the advantage of base-load generation, but this does not command a premium price in the utility market. Internationally, there are a number of different business models that contribute to the viability of geothermal power generation. Often, the resource is government owned, and national companies undertake exploration and delineation drilling. Once the resource has been identified, private firms are brought in to build the power plants and deliver power to the grid. In the US, although the resource may be on Federal land, the government is not involved in exploration and assessment activities, and exploration and assessment risk is assumed by the developer. However, the government does participate by sponsoring research in exploration methodology, as illustrated by DOE’s Geothermal Play Fairway program. We would extend this approach with the use of slim hole drilling and testing to collect and archive subsurface data. Slim hole drilling involves a spectrum of options that can extend from measurement of temperatures and analysis of geologic conditions to full reservoir testing. Although echoed by others, this approach has not been widely adapted. We describe the slim hole assessment of a hidden system at Mountain Home Air Force Base in Idaho, USA to illustrate an intermediate option between temperature gradient and full reservoir testing.
Challenges of integrated variance estimation in emerging stock markets

Estimating integrated variance, using high frequency data, requires modelling experience and data crunching skills. Although intraday returns have attracted much attention in recent years, handling these data is challenging because of their unique characteristics. When dealing with ultra-high frequency or tick-by-tick observations the enormous amount of data needs to be processed prior to estimation of integrated variance for two reasons: eliminating microstructure noise and finding appropriate unbiased estimator. This paper contributes to the existing literature in a two ways. First, we propose how to handle quality issues of the high frequency data due to non-frequent trading and lower liquidity of emerging markets. Second, we find the optimal sampling frequency at slow time scale that should be used to obtain two-time scale estimator of integrated variance for each emerging market under consideration: Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Croatia. Empirical results indicate that intraday returns should be sampled every 7 to 10 minutes at slow time scale while the fast time scale should be fixed at the highest possible frequency. Realized variance estimator at the fast time scale mostly overestimates the integrated variance on all stock markets except Bulgaria; on average between 70% and 90% of the time. Moreover, the robustness of the results with respect to the price jumps has been verified for Romania and Hungary, unlike Croatia and Bulgaria, for which we recommend a robust version of two-time scale estimator of integrated variance within truncation technique. It is additionally found that intraday returns should be sampled more frequently in a highly volatile periods. These findings offer valuable information to market participants, as they are able to apply the most accurate ex-post volatility measure, as unbiased and consistent estimate of integrated variance.
Effectiveness of Guided Imagery Technique in reducing examination anxiety associated with selected demographic variables among college students – An Experimental study

Anxiety is an automatic biological product of undischarged tension. Guided Imagery therapy is a cognitive behavioral technique in which under the guided instructions a client is guided in imaging a relaxing scene or series of experiences. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of guided imagery relaxation technique in reducing anxiety in association with selected demographic data among examination going college students. Methodology:-The samples were divided into 2 groups Experimental Group & Control Group, after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre-test was administered to both experimental (36.53 (SD =4.37)) and control group 36.6 (SD =4.59)using the Test Anxiety Questionnaire. A 25 minute audio visual relaxation of guided imagery program was provided to the students in the experimental group for once in a week for 8 weeks. Selected Demographic variables of examination going students were assessed to find out whether any association is there in reducing examination anxiety among students. Post test was also assessed for experimental group (27.47(SD =3.64) and control group (37.47 (SD =3.23)after 8 weeks. Result:-Shows significant decrease of examination anxiety in experimental group. Conclusion:-The results thus concluded the effectiveness of Guided Imagery Technique in reducing examination anxiety among college students. And it is also concluded that there is no association between the selected demographic variables and the examination anxiety.
Effect of Inquiry-Based Mathematics Activities on Preschoolers' Math Skills

Practice: An Inquiry-Based Mathematics Activities Module (IBMAM) was developed in accordance with the developmental characteristics, interests, needs, and expectations of preschoolers. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the IBMAM on preschoolers’ numbers and operations skills. A quasi-experimental method, which was a pretest-posttest design with control group, was used. The students of a kindergarten were randomly assigned to three groups: experimental, control, and placebo. Measurements were made on the three groups before and after the IBMAM. The study took place in the academic year of 2016-2017, and the sample consisted of 57 students (19 participants in each group) of a kindergarten in Sincan, Ankara, affiliated to the Ministry of National Education. Interviews were conducted with 18 kindergartens in the same district for the needs analysis. The kindergarten was the study field of choice due to its sufficient number of students and low socioeconomic status and to the students’ willingness to participate in the study. Math activities were performed in three classes with children 60–72 months of age. For 6 weeks, the experimental group performed the 30-activity IBMAM, the control group performed no activities, and the placebo group performed Turkish reading activities unrelated to mathematics (TRAUM). Data were collected using the Test of Early Mathematics Ability (TEMA-3). In the current study, 3x3 (three groups: experiment, control, placebo groups with 3 measurements: pretest, posttest, follow up test) experimental mixed design (factorial-split-plot) ANOVA was performed to determine the effect of IBMAM on preschoolers’ math skills. Research Findings: Results show that the IBMAM had a positive and lasting effect on preschoolers’ number and operations skills. IBMAM provided the experimental group participants with the opportunity to be engaged in small-group activities in which they were able to have math experiences and inquire about them. This process allowed them to enhance math concepts, learn new ones, and learned in meaningful ways in which they used their math skills. They structured the concepts and skills that they had learned by inquiring, researching, and experiencing, which promoted their curiosity and interest in learning.
Examining the Financial Literacy of Young Adults

Public Finance Quarterly  2018/1 39 AAs a scholarship winner of the New National Excellence Programme, the aim of my research was to understand the financial literacy of young people, with particular focus on time orientation and delay of gratification. In Hungary, research on financial literacy and the resulting reports, working papers and articles started to appear in increasing number from 2012. The ability to delay gratification and time orientation are concepts that unavoidably arise when discussing financial literacy, and yet these topics have yet to receive the attention they merit in financial literacy research. This study takes a look at the 18–35 year old age group, and as this requires an interdisciplinary approach, it builds on results from the fields of psychology, sociology and the study of consumer behaviour.
Ontological Semi Automatic Method for Web Data Tables Integration

In this paper, we are presenting a model for implementation of ontology through invoking a semiautomatic process from web data tables. The singularity of this method is the implementation of cosine similarity for filtering the documents. We present the framework for the development of generic method concerning data integration. The data warehouse is composed of several data tables extracted from the web and it has been supplemented by the existing local data sources. Documents pertaining to different domains can be supplemented as input to the data sources which are stored in data ware house and then are converted into XML/RDF data. We have used cosine similarities to measure the similarity of two documents which are likely to be same in terms of their subjects. It is a semi automatic method to extract and integration of web documents by using ontology.
The Impact of Caring for People with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) on Carer’s Subjective Well-Being and Physical Health: A Realist Synthesis Review

Objective: To identify and summarise studies of the psychological well-being of informal carers of people with spinal cord injury. Design: The review included studies if they reported the carers perspective of care giving – studies that focused mostly on the person with spinal cord injury were included only if the carers perspective of the caregiver role could be extracted. Data sources: Electronic searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Psych Info, Sociological Abstracts and The Cochrane Library were carried out between December 2013 and February 2015, with update searches undertaken in October 2016. Review methods: A realist synthesis approach was adopted to evaluate studies according to their contribution and drew together evidence from a range of methodologies, including qualitative and quantitative studies. Findings: 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen studies focused only on the caregiver (quantitative studies = 13; qualitative studies = 5 and 1 mixed method approach) and four included caregivers and the person with a SCI (quantitative studies=2; qualitative=1 and 1 mixed method approach). Three papers used non care giving age matched comparative approaches. The majority of the studies were conducted in the USA (11), with three from the UK, 2 from Australia and 3 from Brazil. The remainder of studies were international and comprised 1 from China, 1 from Turkey, 1 from the Netherlands, 1 from Canada, 1 from Denmark, 1 from Fiji and 1 from Iran. The total number of SCI carers was 1772; the majority were female (ranging from 88 % to 100% of the samples included) with an age range average (where this has been calculable) of 43.6 Common methodological limitations of studies included in this review were a lack of non-carer age-matched comparison groups, focus on the experience of female caregivers, small sample sizes, and failure to follow up caregivers longitudinally. Several studies provided estimates of the prevalence of subjective well-being and physical health distress among caregivers but no conclusions could be drawn from the current evidence base. The review suggests that many factors are related to caregiver subjective well-being including caregiver attributes, the severity of the spinal cord injury, the relationship dynamics between the carer and the spinal injured individual and objective and subjective assessments of the burden of care. The perceived adequacy of support also emerges as an important aspect with perceived positive and potentially negative impacts on the carer. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to clarify the prevalence of SCI caregivers’ subjective well-being and situation specific factors that predict poorer carer health outcomes. This work will enable appropriate interventions to be developed and evaluated. Review Article
Bipartite Graphs and the Four-Color Theorem

Although the proof Kempe gave for the Four Color Theorem (4CT) in 1879 was flawed, the methods he devised were still useful. In 1890, Heawood used a modification of Kempe’s methods to prove that planar graphs can be five-colored (see [6] and [4]). (All graphs here will be assumed to have no loops and no parallel edges.) In a 1968 paper ([5]), Stephen Hedetniemi used modifications of Kempe’s ideas to show, among other things, that every planar graph can be decomposed into the edge disjoint union of three bipartite graphs. My purpose in this note is to make the observation that a stronger result is now possible, namely