Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Panel transmission measurements: The influence of the non plane wave nature of the incident field

For reasons of cost and practicality, laboratory measurements of the acoustic transmission and reflection properties of materials for use in underwater applications are typically performed on samples of limited dimensions ‐ and with the source and receiver separated by relatively short distances ‐ resulting in a non planar measurement field. The influence of this on the resulting measurements is investigated in this paper. In particular, for low frequency measurements the influence of the evanescent wave contributions can become significant. In this paper two alternative approaches are used to evaluate the transmission properties. The first method decomposes the incident spherical wave into its plane wave components and integrates the resulting transmitted waves numerically to evaluate the transmitted field. The second approach uses an asymptotic expansion of the field in terms of wave front curvature: bounds are then placed on the error in this expansion at low frequency using thin plate theory. Results .
Influence of Free-Stream Turbulence on Turbulent Boundary Layer Heat Transfer and Mean Profile Development, Part I—Experimental Data

An experimental research program was conducted to determine the influence of free-stream turbulence on zero pressure gradient, fully turbulent boundary layer flow. Connective heat transfer coefficients and boundary layer mean velocity and temperature profile data were obtained for a constant free-stream velocity of 30 m/s and free-stream turbulence intensities ranging from approximately 1/4 to 7 percent. Free-stream multicomponent turbulence intensity, longitudinal integral scale, and spectral distributions were obtained for the full range of turbulence levels. The test results with 1/4 percent free-stream turbulence indicate that these data were in excellent agreement with classic two-dimensional, low free-stream turbulence, turbulent boundary layer correlations. For fully turbulent boundary layer flow, both the skin friction and heat transfer were found to be substantially increased (up to ∼ 20 percent) for the higher levels of free-stream turbulence. Detailed results of the experimental study are presented in the present paper (Part I). A comprehensive analysis is provided in a companion paper (Part II).
Combination Use of First-Line Afatinib and Proton-Pump Inhibitors Reduces Overall Survival Among Patients with EGFFR Mutant Lung Cancer

Purpose: Previous retrospective studies reported that proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) may decrease the efficacy of first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) including gefitinib and erlotinib. Afatinib had a wider soluble pH range, with possible fewer interactions with antacids. However, clinical data were limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the negative impact of PPIs on afatinib
Approximation of Crossing Intensities for Non Linear Responses Subjected to Non Gaussian Loadings

Crossing intensity constitute an important response characteristic for randomly vibrating structures, especially if one is interested in estimating the risk against failures. This paper focusses on developing approximations by which estimates of the crossing intensities for response of marine structures can be obtained in a computationally efficient manner, when the loads are modeled as a special class of non-Gaussian processes, namely as LMA processes. Ocean waves exhibit considerable non-Gaussianity as marked by their skewed marginal distributions and heavy tails. Here, a new class of processes the Laplace driven Moving Average (LMA) processes are used to model the ocean waves. LMA processes are non-Gaussian, strictly stationary, can model in principle any spectrum and have the additional flexibility to model the skewness and the kurtosis of the marginal distribution. The structure behavior assumed is limited to quadratic systems characterized by second order kernels, which is common for marine structures. Thus, an estimation of the crossing intensities of the response involves studying the crossing characteristics of a LMA process passing through a second order filter. A new computationally efficient hybrid method, which uses the saddle point approximations along with limited Monte Carlo simulations, is developed to compute crossing intensity of the response. The proposed method is illustrated through numerical examples.
Quality of Life and Its Association with Androgenetic Alopecia Patients in Shanghai: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of androgenetic alopecia patients has become increasingly important, but the influencing factors associated with the different domains are poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influencing factors in HRQoL of androgenetic alopecia patients and identify its strongly associated domains. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 170 androgenetic alopecia patients. HRQoL was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHO-BREF), and Hairdex. Results: HRQoL was significantly impaired in patients <30 years, (WHO-BREF: P=0.022, Hairdex: P=0.004), less educated (WHO-BREF: P=0.021, Hairdex: P=0.003), single patients (Hairdex: P=0.023), and urban residence (Hairdex: P=0.043). By domains, those <30 years were impaired by physical health (P=0.038) and psychological (P=0.030) by WHO-BREF, and symptoms (P=0.002) and emotions (P=0.002) by Hairdex. Singles were impaired by symptoms (P=0.020), and emotions (P=0.009) by Hairdex. Less-educated individuals had impaired all domains in the WHO-BREF and Hairdex, except for physical health. Women had impaired symptoms (P=0.013) and stigmatization (P=0.041) in Hairdex. Conclusion: Androgenetic alopecia is associated with significantly reduced HRQoL in young, less educated, and single patients. Dermatologists should inquire about Quality of Life and appropriately support androgenetic alopecia patients.
On the modulus of cone absolutely summing operators and vector measures of bounded variation

Let E and F be Banach lattices. It is shown that if F has the Levi and the Fatou property, then the ordered Banach space Y? I(E,F) of cone absolutely summing operators is a Banach lattice and an order ideal of the Riesz space ? r(E, F) of regular operators. The same argument yields a Jordan decomposition of F-valued vector measures of bounded variation. Throughout the paper E and F denote Banach lattices and F an algebra of subsets of some set Q. Identify F with the canonical image of F into its bidual F** . F is said to have property (P), if there exists a positive contractive projection F** -* F. If F has property (P), by Schlotterbeck's theorem [5] the Banach space Y' (E, F) of cone absolutely summing operators is a Banach lattice and an order ideal of the Riesz space 5Yr(E, F) of all regular operators E -* F. Using this result Schmidt generalizes in [6] the Jordan decomposition theorems of Diestel, Faires and Morrison [2, 3]. He proved that if F has property (P), then the ordered Banach space bva(Q7, F) of all vector measures * F having bounded variation is a Banach lattice and an order ideal of the Riesz space oba(57, F) of all order bounded vector measures * F. The main purpose of this note is to give a short proof of Schlotterbeck's theorem. The proof is based on the notion of a Nakano space and avoids duality arguments. The same type of proof yields Schmidt's theorem on vector measures of bounded variation without representing them by cone absolutely summing operators on the space of step functions. Let us now fix some notions. A Banach lattice F is said to satisfy the Levi property (=weak Fatou property in [8]) if every increasing norm bounded net of F+ has a supremum. Note that the Levi property implies Dedekind completeness. The norm of a Banach lattice F is a Fatou norm if 0 < vT t v E Received by the editors May 8, 1989. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 46B30, 46G10, 47B55, 47D 1 5; Secondary 28B05, 28B 1 5.
Propagation of Perturbations in the Lower and Upper Atmosphere over the Central Mediterranean, Driven by the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano Explosion

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano (Pacific Ocean) generated a cataclysmic explosion on 15 January 2022, triggering several atmospheric disturbances at a global scale, as a huge increase in the total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere, and a pressure wave travelling in the troposphere. We collected and analysed data over the Mediterranean to study these disturbances, and in particular, (i) data from the barometric and infrasonic stations installed on Italian active volcanoes by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) for investigating the tropospheric pressure waves; (ii) barometric data from the INGV-TROPOMAG and SIAS (Sicilian Agro-meteorological Information System) networks, for investigating the interaction between the orography and pressure waves; (iii) ionograms from the Advanced Ionospheric Sounder-INGV ionosonde at Gibilmanna (Sicily, Italy); (iv) data from the RING (Rete Italiana Integrata GNSS) network, to retrieve the ionospheric TEC; (v) soil CO2 flux data from the INGV surveillance network of Vulcano Island. The analysis of the ground-level barometric data highlights that pressure waves were reflected and diffracted by the topographic surface, creating a complex space–time dynamic of the atmospheric disturbances travelling over Sicily, driven by the interference among the different wavefronts. The ionograms show that a medium-scale travelling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID), with a horizontal wavelength of about 220 km and a period of about 35 min, propagated through the ionospheric plasma in the correspondence of the first barometric variations. Moreover, comparing detrended TEC and barometric data, we further confirmed the presence of the aforementioned MSTID together with its close relation to the tropospheric disturbance.
BYHW Decoction Improves Cognitive Impairments in Rats with Cerebral Microinfarcts via Activation of the PKA/CREB Pathway

Cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) are characterized by sporadic obstruction of small vessels leading to neurons death. They are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairments and may have different risk factors compared with macroinfarcts. CMIs have a high incidence and result in heavy social burden; thus, it is essential to provide reasonable treatment in clinical practice. However, there are relatively few researches on the mechanism and treatment of CMIs, and the literature is composed almost exclusively of community—or hospital based on autopsy or imageological studies focusing on elderly patients. The Bu Yang Huan Wu (BYHW) decoction, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has long been used to treat stroke and stroke-related diseases, including cognitive impairments. We applied microsphere-induced CMI model in rats to investigate the behavioral and molecular consequences of CMIs and to determine how they were ameliorated by BYHW decoction treatment. We then used the Morris water maze, quantitative proteomics, immunohistochemistry, and other molecular assays and found that activation of the PKA/CREB pathway by BYHW decoction treatment may reverse mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibit apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, and ameliorate CMI-induced cognitive impairments in rats. Collectively, these findings confirmed the therapeutic potential of the BYHW decoction in treating cognitive impairments induced by CMIs and demonstrated a viable mechanism for its action.
Gut Microbiota Signature of Obese Adults Across Different Classifications

Purpose: Obesity is currently a major global public health issue. It has been shown by many that gut microbiota and microbial factors regulate the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic abnormalities, but little is known about their roles in the different degrees of obesity. Here, we sought to investigate the microbial signatures of obesity of various severities
Theory of four-wave mixing in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers

The theory of four-wave mixing (FWM) in quantum dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) has been discussed by the combination of the QD rate equations system and the pulse propagation in QD SOAs. This study has covered two types of QD structures: the two-level QD structure, where the ground state (GS) and wetting layer have been considered; and the three-level QD structure, where the excited state (ES) has been taken into account. The relations for differential gain were also discussed. FWM efficiency and its components, comprising spectral hole burning, carrier heating and carrier density pulsation (CDP), are calculated. The results show that inclusion of ES is essential. At a high carrier density and for a long term frequency, the FWM was found to be detuning independently while it is symmetric for short pulses. Neglecting CH makes the FWM in QD SOAs symmetric and detuning independent, which are desired characteristics for optical communication applications. The results corroborate available experimental observations. The effective capture time of QD is the main parameter and can be ascribed to the differences between the two- and three-level models.
Hyperfine Structure Measurements in Eu II With Collinear Laser-Ion Beam Technique

Hyperfine structure measurements of the 4f7(8S7/20)6p3/2, (7/2, 3/2)3,4 and 4f7(8S0)5d9D2, 3, 4, 50 levels in 151Eu II and 153Eu II have been performed with collinear laser-ion beam technique. The hyperfine structure constants A and B as well as the nuclear electric quadrupole moments Q have been evaluated.
Prediction of Hysteresis Associated with the Static Stall of an Airfoil

Introduction T HE basic phenomenon of stall associated with airfoils is quite well understood and has now become standard textbook material. It is caused by massive flow separation resulting in sharp drop in lift and increase in the drag acting on the airfoil. In certain cases, hysteresis in the flow has been observed for angles of attack close to the stall angle. However, this phenomenon is not very well understood. Hoffmannl has reported the hysteresis loop in the data for aerodynamic coefficients for a NACA 0015 airfoil. He also studied the effect of freestream turbulence (FST) on the performance characteristics of the airfoil. The hysteresis in the data can be observed for low FST but disappears for high FST. The present work is an effort to study the behavior of the flow near stall by solving the governing flow equations numerically. Carefully conducted <:omputations are utilized to track the hysteresis loop in the aerodynamic data close to the stall angle. To the best of the knowledge of these authors, this is the first effort of its nature. The incompressible, Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, in conjunction with the Baldwin-Lomax moder for turbulence closure are solved using stabilized finite element formulations. The finite element mesh consists of a structured mesh close to the body and an unstructured part, generated via Delaunay's triangulation, away from the body. This type of a grid has the ability of handling fairly complex geometries while still providing the desired resolution close to the body to effectively capture the boundary-layer flow, especially in the context of unsteady flows. Despite the simplicity of the Baldwin-Lomax model, its implementation with unst~ctured grids is not trivial. The interested reader is referred to the articles by Kallinderis3 and Mavriplis4 for details. The finite element formulations and their implementations used in the present work are well proven and have been utilized to
Characteristics of the Southern Hemisphere Winter Storm Track with Filtered and Unfiltered Data

Abstract The structure and evolution of the fluctuations in synoptic scales in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during winter are discussed using six years of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses. It is shown that patterns from unfiltered meridional wind series in the SH display all the features needed to represent the synoptic-scale waves. Typical periods and wavelengths are similar to those observed in the Northern Hemisphere (4 days, 4000 km), although over the Pacific Ocean they can be as high as 7–8 days and 4700 km, respectively. As in the Northern Hemisphere, tilts are not geographically fixed but change with the stage of the evolution of the wave. The phase speed of the waves agrees with the low-level winds in extensive areas of the middle latitudes and ranges from 12 m s −1 in the Indian Ocean to 6 m s−1 in the Pacific Ocean. The estimated group velocities achieve maximum values of about 38 m s −1, also in the Indian Ocean, and agree with the upper-level maximum winds, in accor.
OB ASSOCIATIONS: MASSIVE STARS IN CONTEXT

Massive stars are important in a variety of contexts: individually they are examples of stars that undergo significant mass loss which is driven by line radiation pressure; as denizens of the Galaxy they play a significant role in the galactic recycling effort; a ensembles of stars they contain clues to massive star evolution in general and the question of supernova progenitors in particular. Finally, under extreme conditions of pathological star formation massive stars participate in the star burst phenomena seen in some galaxies. If we wish to understand starbursts, we must first understand locally observed variations in the mas spectrum. But all of these diverse areas of study rely on certain fundamental parameters of the stars themselves--here we include temperature, luminosity, mass, and chemical composition. And central to accurate determinations of these parameters are the distances to the stars. This review will focus on what is known about hte loose clustering of massive stars termed OB associations. These associations ontain many, but byno means all, of the stars with masses greater than about 15 solar masses. Most of our knowledge of the stellar content of the OB associations in our own Galaxy is surprisingly sketchy due to their large angular size, but large-field CCD detectors are changing this. Magellanic Cloud associations can now be compared with OB associations in our own Galaxy, and the initial mass function shows suprising variations. The physical cause of these variations is still unknown. Another development is the study of embedded star clusters: infrared array detectors have been probing the buried stars in molecular clouds and finding an unexpectedly large population of these objects. Both these young IR clusters, and a springling of evolved red supergiants, suggest that the star formation history of OB associations may be more complicated than we have supposed.
Analysis of second‐order moments in surface layer turbulence in an Alpine valley

The paper presents the analysis of field measurements in the atmospheric surface layer over the floor of the Adige Valley, near the city of Bolzano in the Alps. Turbulence quantities, such as drag coefficient, displacement height and roughness length, appear similar to those reported in the literature concerning surface‐layer turbulence over flat uniform terrain. The analysis of the non‐dimensional standard deviations (σu, σv, σw) legitimates the adoption, for all the wind components, of the same Monin—Obukhov similarity relationship in the form $\sigma_{i}/u_{\ast}=\alpha_{i}\left(1+\beta_{i}\left|\zeta\right|\right)^{1/3}$, originally proposed only for flat uniform terrain under steady state conditions, and the extension of this expression to the case of winds over a valley floor in slowly varying situations. The coefficients αi are very similar for along‐valley and cross‐valley winds, as are the βi ones. Moreover the αu values are only slightly larger than the αv, contrary to what is reported in the literature. Conversely, σθ/θ* shows distinctly different behaviour in the stable and unstable regimes. In particular, in the latter case a large scatter in the data is observed. However, since the most scattered data turn out to occur in transition periods (i.e. sunrise and sunset), after a specific data selection the best‐fit parameters are more accurately estimated. In addition, emphasis is laid on the relevance of an appropriate formulation and use of a suitable recursive filter to separate the low‐frequency unsteadiness of the mean flow from the turbulence signal. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Universal relations among thermodynamic critical amplitudes

The hypothesis of universality implies that there are four universal ratios among the six usually defined thermodynamic critical amplitudes. Theoretical information from series and $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansions is presented on the values of these ratios for short-ranged Ising, Heisenberg, and spherical models, and for dipolar systems. A number of real materials are discussed (Xe, ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$, Ni, EuO, and ${\mathrm{LiTbF}}_{4}$), and the present state of our understanding of the thermodynamic ratios for these systems is found to be rather crude.
Hierarchical Bayesian Markov switching models with application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon

Summary. The timing of spawning in fish is tightly linked to environmental factors; however, these factors are not very well understood for many species. Specifically, little information is available to guide recruitment efforts for endangered species such as the sturgeon. Therefore, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting the success of spawning of the shovelnose sturgeon which uses both biological and behavioural (longitudinal) data. In particular, we use data that were produced from a tracking study that was conducted in the Lower Missouri River. The data that were produced from this study consist of biological variables associated with readiness to spawn along with longitudinal behavioural data collected by using telemetry and archival data storage tags. These high frequency data are complex both biologically and in the underlying behavioural process. To accommodate such complexity we developed a hierarchical linear regression model that uses an eigenvalue predictor, derived from the transition probability matrix of a two‐state Markov switching model with generalized auto‐regressive conditional heteroscedastic dynamics. Finally, to minimize the computational burden that is associated with estimation of this model, a parallel computing approach is proposed.
Constraints on Vector Leptoquark Masses from Data on the and Decays

—Vector-leptoquark contributions to the and decay widths are derived in the framework of a minimal model with four-color symmetry. Constraints on the gauge vector leptoquark mass are imposed using the experimental data on the and decays. We find that the lower limit on the vector-leptoquark mass is reduced from 2200 down to 91 TeV if fermion mixing is considered.