Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on electron impact double ionization dynamics for atomic and small molecular targets at intermediate incident energy

Dans ce travail, differents mecanismes conduisant a la double ionisation de plusieurs cibles atomiques ou moleculaires par impact d’electrons d’energie incidente moyenne (600-700 eV) sont etudies par des experiences de coincidence dites (e, 3-1e) et (e, 3e). Dans ces experiences, les sections efficaces quadruplement et quintuplement differentielles en angles et en energies ont ete mesurees et analysees dans une geometrie coplanaire. Les resultats experimentaux sont compares a ceux obtenus par des calculs theoriques utilisant des modeles aussi bien du premier ordre que du second ordre. La comparaison montre que les theories incluant les mecanismes de second ordre (tel que Two Step 2, TS2) sont en meilleur accord avec l’experience que ceux incluant uniquement les mecanismes de premier ordre (tels que Shake Off et Two Step 1). Ceci demontre que, dans nos conditions cinematiques, les mecanismes de second ordre jouent un role important, voire meme dominant par rapport aux mecanismes de premier ordre. Par ailleurs, l’ensemble de nos resultats de double ionisation sont compares aux predictions d’un modele ‘TS2-cinematique’ developpe par Lahmam-Bennani et al (2010), et qui consiste a considerer le processus de double ionisation comme deux evenements successifs de simple ionisation (e,2e). La plupart des structures observees dans les distributions angulaires des electrons ejectes ont pu etre interpretees et expliquees par ce modele ‘TS2-cinematique’. Nous avons egalement etendu ce modele en tenant compte de la contribution de la diffusion de recul dans chacune des etapes (e,2e). Certaines structures qui etaient restees inexpliquees par « l’ancien » modele le sont maintenant par le modele ‘TS2-cinematique’ etendu. L’influence de la structure atomique versus moleculaire de la cible dans le processus de double ionisation a fait l’objet d’une etude preliminaire. Les resultats (e, 3-1e) des cibles iso electroniques Ne et CH₄ montrent certaines differences pour les memes conditions cinematiques. L’analyse plus approfondie de ces donnees est en cours.
Estuarine sedimentation and erosion within a fjord-head delta : Squamish River, British Columbia

This study has determined the nature of tidal and riverine control on deposition along the lower 5 500 In estuarine reach of Squamish River; delta and floodplain sedi~nents exposed along channel banks at 42 locations along Squamish estuary were examined. This study also has determined the rate and nature of estuarine channel bank erosion from 1957 to 1990 and has detennined the nature and rate of Squamish delta accretion. Erosion rates are calculated from aerial photographs and erosion pins, while accretion data are calculated from deposition stakes. Analysis of delta and floodplain sediments reveals that estuasine sequences colnprise seven distinct facies which record varying degrees of tidal and riverine influence. While most of these facies yield evidence of their estuarine location, only the deposits of intertidal sands and tidal marsh are unequi\wcally tidal in origin. Sedimentation within this fjord-head environ~nent primarily is driven by gradual channel abandonment and fill. Estuarine sequences produced by this process display a decreasing tidal influence both up estuary and up section, as e~idenced by a change in sediment size. structure, and the form of facies contacts. Within this estualy the bayline is located around 3 100 m upstream from the delta front. Erosion data indicate that the tidal deposits are very unlikely to be fully preserved in sequence because of their low preservation potential. Since 1957 the estuarine channel has shifted considerably, and predicted continued meander migration poses a threat to the future stability of the ri\. er training dyke, built in 1972 to isolate Squamish Ri\. er to the west of the valley. Along certain reaches, rates of channel bank erosion ha\,e increased as a result of decreased channel and effective floodplain widths associated with dyke construction. These factors have also led to an increased riverine influence near the river mouth which has in turn led to the formation of an anomalous coarse-grained sedimentary sequence along the lower 800 m of Squamish west delta. Accretion data reveal that Squamish west delta accretion has increased dramatically since dyke construction, and that this accretion is both spatially and temporally variable. This variability reflects the riverine source of sediment, and indicates that depositional processes differ within sunmler and
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Towards Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Among Adult Women in Primary Health Care Centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to cervical cancer, which is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. While HPV vaccines are effective, their coverage remains low in low- and middle-income countries. Public awareness of HPV vaccination is also limited. The study examines public awareness of cervical cancer, HPV, the HPV vaccine, and factors that hinder vaccine uptake. Objectives: To assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HPV vaccination among women aged 16 years and above in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using an interview questionnaire. A stratified sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of 534 female patients aged 16 years and older who visited primary healthcare centers in Makkah. The interview questionnaire included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about HPV vaccination, attitudes and perceptions toward HPV vaccination, and sources of information about HPV infection and vaccines. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: The majority of participants were aged between 21 and 40 years (76.4%), Saudi (90.3%), and had a higher education level (73.4%). Only a small proportion (1.9%-39%) of participants correctly answered most of the questions related to HPV vaccination, while a few questions were answered correctly by a larger proportion (41.6%-59.6%), highlighting the need for educational programs to increase awareness about the HPV vaccine. The internet and social media were the most prevalent sources of information about HPV infection and vaccines (48.4%). A majority of participants expressed willingness to receive the HPV vaccine if offered by the healthcare sector at no cost (65.5%). Concerns included fear of injection (27.7%), cost (23.2%), and potential refusal from family or community (9.7%). A significant proportion believed that there is a need for educational sessions to increase awareness about the HPV vaccine in their community (82.8%) and that increased knowledge about HPV vaccines would lead to greater acceptability (83.9%). Age, nationality, marital status, number of children, educational status, occupation, and average monthly income were significantly associated with knowledge about HPV vaccination (p < 0.05). Age and educational status were significantly associated with attitudes towards HPV vaccination (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The lack of knowledge about HPV vaccination among adult women in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is concerning, as it may result in low vaccine uptake rates and an increased incidence of HPV-related diseases. Therefore, targeted educational programs and awareness campaigns are crucial to enhance knowledge and promote the uptake of the HPV vaccine. These programs should be designed to provide accurate information about the prevalence of HPV, its associated risks, and the benefits of vaccination.
Physical activity counselling in women with HIV/AIDS and suicidal ideation: a secondary analysis of a real-world intervention in Ugandan HIV counselling centres

Introduction people with HIV/AIDS have higher rates of suicidal ideation than the general population. Consequently, HIV counselling settings should implement suicide risk reduction initiatives. Physical activity (PA) counselling could be a relevant add-on intervention. The aim of this secondary analysis from a single-arm pre- and post-study exploring the efficacy of PA counselling for HIV/AIDS patients with mental health problems was to investigate the efficacy of PA counselling on reducing suicidal ideation. Methods out of 41 participants in an 8-week PA counselling intervention, 15 participants reported suicidal ideation. These 15 (15♀, median age=42 years, interquartile range=24 years) participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test -10 (AUDIT-10), and the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) pre- and immediately post-intervention. Results the prevalence of suicidal ideation (PHQ-9 item 9≥1) dropped to 20% post-intervention, i.e. only three patients with HIV still reported suicidal ideation. Also, following the intervention significant (P<0.05) increases in walking and incidental PA (SIMPAQ) levels, and reductions in depressive and alcohol abuse symptoms were observed. Conclusion our data demonstrate that PA counselling might be promising in reducing suicidal ideation in most HIV patients in low-resourced settings. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these beneficial findings.
Interactive Learning: Online Audience Response System and Multiple Choice Questions Improve Student Participation in Lectures

Background and Objective Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are commonly used in medical education for formative and summative assessment. However, the use of MCQs as a pedagogical tool in lectures is an area that is yet to be fully explored. This study aimed to gather feedback on including MCQs in lectures using an Online Audience Response System (OARS). Methods This quasi-experimental study involved 114 first professional MBBS students. A lecture with strategically integrated MCQs was delivered in a traditional classroom setting. Students answered the ten MCQs and provided feedback via OARS using their mobile phones. The feedback included eleven questions about student engagement, attentiveness, and critical thinking skills. Students' perception of the advantages and limitations of OARS in lectures was also collected. Data are presented as percentages and median with an interquartile range. Results Higher levels of engagement were reported by 80% of students; 81% felt improvement in understanding of the learning objectives and lecture content; 5% felt that mobile phone usage caused distractions; 79% reported increased focus and concentration; 84% reported that MCQs promoted their critical thinking skills; 75% reported enhanced overall learning experience without causing any discomfort; 69% believed that asking questions individually by the instructor is less effective than MCQs with OARS; 83% felt motivated to come prepared with study material when MCQs were included in the lecture; 67% preferred an even distribution of MCQs throughout the lecture; 53% preferred six to ten MCQs per lecture. Conclusion This study suggests that integrating MCQs in lectures using OARS can be a valuable pedagogical strategy in medical education and can potentially improve the learning experience by enhancing student engagement, attentiveness, and critical thinking skills. However, educators should also be aware of the potential limitations and take steps to mitigate them.
HLA-E-expressingPluripotent StemCells Escape Allogeneic Responses and Lysis by NK Cells

system originally discovered in bacteria and archaea, enabling these organisms to eliminate invading genetic material. The system allows foreign DNA to be incorporated into the bacterial genome at the CRISPR loci which is then transcribed and processed into RNA targeting site-specific DNA. Recently, genome editing has been widely adopted to target important genes. In this study, the authors demonstrated the feasibility of applying this technique to eliminate the cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs). The authors firstly demonstrated that PERVs from pig epithelial cell lines do infect human embryonic kidney cells if cocultured for a week. They then observed the cells for a period of 4 months and found that the copynumber PERVs increased over time secondary to intracellular transposition, or, alternatively, by intercellular PERV transmission. Thus, infected human cells can transmit PERVs to previously unexposed human cells. Next, the authors inactivated PERV activity in a primary porcine fetal fibroblast line (FFF3) by designing 2 CRISPR guided RNAs specific to the catalytic core of the PERV pol gene. The authors failed to obtain a 100% PERV-inactivated FFF3 clone initially.However, when expanding the FF3 clones, they achieved a 100% PERV inactivation by treating them with a combination of a p52 inhibitor PFTα and bFGF. Highly modified clones survived under this condition. Lastly, the authors examined a genotyped PERV-inactivated pig by deep sequencing of the PERV pol loci and demonstrated a 100% PERV eradication. These PERV-inactivated animals have the potential to address major safety concerns in clinical xenotransplantation in the future.
Antibiotic susceptibility, heteroresistance, and updated treatment strategies in Helicobacter pylori infection

: In this review, we discuss the problem of antibiotic resistance, heteroresistance, the utility of cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests in Helicobacter pylori ( Hp ) eradication, as well as the updated treatment strategies for this infection. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance is increasing all over the world, especially for metronidazole and clarithromycin, because of their heavy use in some geographical areas. Heteroresistance (simultaneous presence of both susceptible and resistant strains in different sites of a single stomach) is another important issue, as an isolate could be mistakenly considered susceptible if a single biopsy is used for antimicrobial tests. We also examined literature data regarding eradication success rates of culture-guided and empiric therapies. The empiric therapy and the one based on susceptibility testing, in Hp eradication, may depend on several factors such as concomitant diseases, the number of previous antibiotic treatments, differences in bacterial virulence in individuals with positive or negative cultures, together with local antibiotic resistance patterns in real-world settings. Updated treatment strategies in Hp infection presented in the guidelines of the Toronto Consensus Group (2016) are reported. These suggest to prolong eradication therapy up to 14 days, replacing the old triple therapy with a quadruple therapy based on proton pump inhibitor (PPI), bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline for most of the patients, or as an alternative quadruple therapy without bismuth, based on the use of PPI, amoxicillin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin. The new drug vonoprazan, a first-in-class potassium-competitive acid blocker recently approved in Japan, is also considered to be a promising solution for Hp eradication, even for clarithromycin-resistant strains. Furthermore, there is growing interest in finding new therapeutic strategies, such as the development of vaccines or the use of natural resources, including probiotics, plants, or nutraceuticals.
Continental lower crust

Preface. List of Contributors. Symbols. 1. The Seismic Velocity Structure of the Deep Continental Crust (W.S. Holbrook, W.D. Mooney and N.I. Christensen). Wide-angle seismic data. Middle- and lower-crustal velocities. Seismic velocities: constraints on composition. Fluids and anisotropy. Discussion. 2. Multi-Genetic Origin of Crustal Reflectivity: A Review of Seismic Reflection Profiling of the Continental Lower Crust and Moho. (W.D. Mooney and R. Meissner). The seismic reflection method. Observations of the continental lower crust and Moho. Multi-genetic origin of lower crustal reflections. Reflectivity and viscosity in the lower crust. 3. Electrical Properties of the Lower Continental Crust (A. Jones). Review of methods. Summary of results. Causes of enhanced electrical conductivity in the continental lower crust. 4. Magnetic Properties of the Lower Continental Crust (P.N. Shive et al.). Long-wavelength magnetic anomalies. Magnetic properties of lower crustal rocks. Nature of magnetic bodies in the lower crust. 5. Thermal State of the Continental Crust (D.S. Chapman and K.P. Furlong). Geotherm models. Thermophysical parameters. Framework geotherms. Processes and conditions that affect or modify the thermal state of the continental lower crust. Crustal heterogeneities. 6. Rheology of the Lower Crust (E.H. Rutter and K.H. Brodie). Deformation mechanisms. Data from experimental rock mechanics. Localization of strain into shear zones. The size of recrystallized grains. Structures and microstructures of naturally deformed rocks. Flexure of the continental lithosphere. 7. Xenoliths - Samples of the Lower Continental Crust (R.L. Rudnick). The samples. Effects of transport. Mineralogy. P-T estimates. Physical properties. Chemical composition. Isotopic studies. Case studies. A lower crustal composition from xenoliths. Representativeness of xenoliths as lower crust. 8. Exposed Crustal Cross Sections as Windows on the Lower Crust (J.A. Percival, D.M. Fountain and M.H. Salisbury). Compressional uplifts. Wide, oblique transitions. Impactogenic uplifts. Transpressional uplifts. Characteristics of lower crust in cross sections. Implications for the nature of the lower crust. 9. Magmas as Tracers of Lower Crustal Composition: An Isotopic Approach (G.L. Farmer). General technique. Case example - Western U.S. Other examples. 10. Fluids in the Deep Crust - Petrological and Isotopic Evidence (S.M. Wickham). Equilibrium thermodynamic calculations. Fluid inclusions. Stable isotope constraints on deep crustal fluids. Melting and fluid transport. 11. Magma Genesis and Crustal Processing (R.W. Kay, S. Mahlburg Kay and R.J. Arculus). Magmas in the crust: processes and models. Magmatic underplanting. Anatexis and granitoid melt generation. Continental growth, recycling and the lower crust. 12. Temporal Evolution of Regional Granulite Terranes: Implications for the Formation of Lowermost Continental Crust (K. Mezger). Characteristics of regional granulite terranes.
Inhibition of lysyl oxidase‑like 2 ameliorates folic acid‑induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is characterized by accu‑ mulation of the extracellular matrix in the interstitium. Lysyl oxidase‑like 2 (LOXL2), a member of the lysyl oxidase family, is known for promoting cancer metastasis, invasion and stromal fibrosis in various organs. Our previous study demonstrated expression of LOXL2 in kidney podocytes and tubular epithe‑ lial cells, and the association between elevated LOXL2 and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The present study evaluated the effect of LOXL2 inhibition using an inhibitory monoclonal antibody (AB0023) on tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a folic acid‑induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis mouse model. The association of LOXL2 with epithelial‑mesenchymal transformation‑related molecules was also evaluated in vitro using HK‑2 cells. The present data demonstrated that AB0023 prevented the progres‑ sion of tubulointerstitial fibrosis significantly, as determined by trichrome and picro‑sirius red staining, as well as the total collagen assay. The mean expression of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad4 was lower in the AB0023‑treated group although it was not statistically significant. Following transforming growth factor‑ β (TGF‑ β ) challenge, LOXL2‑deficient HK‑2 cells exhibited significantly lower expression of the mesenchymal markers vimentin and fibronectin than control HK‑2 cells. In conclusion, LOXL2 inhibition ameliorates renal fibrosis through the TGF‑ β /Smad signalling pathway. present study, the effect and therapeutic role of LOXL2 inhibitor AB0023 on the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice was evaluated. In order to evaluate the contribution of LOXL2 in EMT, an in vitro study using immortalized human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK‑2 cells) was also performed. Animal model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and LOXL2 inhibition. Male CD1 mice at 8 weeks of age (Orient Bio,
Norepinephrine promotes neuronal apoptosis of hippocampal HT22 cells by up-regulating the expression of long non-coding RNA MALAT1

Abstract Stress is ever present in our modern, performance-oriented and demanding society, which causes adverse stress reactions of the body and affects health seriously. Chronic stress has been recognized as a significant risk factor leading to cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanism is far from fully understood. Norepinephrine (NE), a pivotal stress-induced hormone, has been found to induce cell apoptosis. However, the function and the key downstream mediator of NE on the regulation of hippocampal neurons still need further exploration. In this study, we explored the role of NE in neuronal apoptosis and its association with MALAT1. Flow cytometry assay and automated western bot assay were carried out to evaluate the cell apoptosis. The data showed that the rate of apoptosis rate and the levels of apoptotic proteins (cleaved-Caspase3 and cleaved-PARP) were significantly increased in HT22 cells after a high dose of NE treatment, suggesting a facilitative role of NE on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Besides, a high level of NE up-regulated the expression of MALAT1 in HT22 cells. Then, a lentivirus expressing MALAT1 shRNA was constructed to investigate the role of MALAT1 in cell apoptosis and the results revealed that MALAT1 depletion decreased the cell apoptosis. Moreover, the knockdown of MALAT1 abolished the discrepancy in apoptosis between NE-treated cells and control cells. In conclusion, a high level of the stress-induced hormone NE promoted apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by elevating the expression of MALAT1. Our findings provide new experimental data supporting the epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of stress response and may provide a potential therapeutic target for stress-related cognition dysfunction.