Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile of childhood type 1 diabetes in Jos, Nigeria

We describe the clinical prevalence and profile of dia betic children seen in our centre over a 1-year period. All subjects admitted for type 1 diabetes within the review period were recruited. Data retrieved include age, sex, family history, clinical features, and anthropometry. Eight subjects were admitted with a hospital prevalence of 10.1/1000 per year. Mean and modal age were 12 years and 15 years respectively. Five were newly diagnosed (prevalence of new diagnosis 6.3/1000 per year). Five (67%) had a family history of diabetes. Major complaints were polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia. Two had altered sensorium on admission. Five (67%) had a body mass index (BMI) >-2 standard deviation Z scores. Six (75%) were in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) on admission. All DKA subjects had sepsis. Complications noted during admission were cerebral oedema (1) and acute kidney injury (1). Seven were discharged, while one subject died. This paper highlights an emerging problem in our environment. Efforts need to be intensified in education of health workers and the populace at large for quick presentation and prompt diagnosis.
Research on optimization of non-equidistant GM ( 1 , 1 ) model based on the principle of new information priority

(1. College of Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106, China;2. College of Management,Anhui Science and Technology University,Chuzhou 233100,China;3. School of Economics,Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics,Hangzhou 310018,China;4. College of Management Science and Engineering,Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing 211815,China;5. College of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)
MoFap7, a ribosome assembly factor, is required for fungal development and plant colonization of Magnaporthe oryzae

ABSTRACT Fap7, an important ribosome assembly factor, plays a vital role in pre-40S small ribosomal subunit synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via its ATPase activity. Currently, the biological functions of its homologs in filamentous fungi remain elusive. Here, MoFap7, a homologous protein of ScFap7, was identified in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, which is a devastating fungal pathogen in rice and threatens food security worldwide. ΔMofap7 mutants exhibited defects in growth and development, conidial morphology, appressorium formation and infection, and were sensitive to oxidative stress. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis analysis confirmed that the conserved Walker A motif and Walker B motif in MoFap7 are essential for the biological functions of M. oryzae. We further analyzed the regulation mechanism of MoFap7 in pathogenicity. MoFap7 was found to interact with MoMst50, a regulator functioning in the MAPK Pmk1 signaling pathway, that participates in modulating plant penetration and cell-to-cell invasion by regulating the phosphorylation of MoPmk1. Moreover, MoFap7 interacted with the GTPases MoCdc42 and MoRac1 to control growth and conidiogenesis. Taken together, the results of this study provide novel insights into MoFap7-mediated orchestration of the development and pathogenesis of filamentous fungi.
Uso de los servicios de salud por la población de 60 años y más en México

Objective. To describe the sociodemographic characteristics and determinants of health services utilization by the Mexican population of 60 years of age or more. Materials and methods. Information obtained from the National Health Survey II (ENSA-II) allowed analysis of 4 628 elderly people. Prevalence of chronic diseases was analyzed and the determinants of individuals who had used the health services in the two weeks prior to the interview. Results. The chronic diseases most frequently reported were: hypertension, diabetes and heart disease. The utilization and hospitalization rates of that age group were 11.4 and 5.5%, respectively. The services most frequently used were: the private physician, social security (IMSS, ISSSTE) welfare services (Ministry of Health ‐SSA‐ and IMSS-Solidaridad). Interestingly, 25 to 45% of social security insurance holders did not use the services, instead they consulted a private physician. The most important explanatory variables for health services utilization were: the perceived illness, not having worked for the previous week and being a social security insurance holder. Gender, area of residence and level of education were not significant in the explanation of health services utilization. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the need to strengthen preventive and support programs for the elderly population, since they only demand health services when they feel sick.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depression among Commercial Bank Workers in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria -

Objective : There is a dearth of studies on anxiety and depression among well defined occupational groups. Current evidence suggests that both conditions may be found among workers exposed to stressful work conditions and they impact negatively on productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Major Depression (MD) and their associated socio-demographic and work-related factors among commercial bank workers in Abeokuta. Method: Using a cluster sampling method, two hundred and eighty six (286) bank workers in 14 randomly selected banks were assessed in a two-stage survey procedure. The first stage involved the administration of a socio-demographic questionnaire and the 20-item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to all consenting bank workers to screen for general psychiatric morbidity, while the second stage involved interview of SRQ cases and a proportion of non cases with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV axis I Diagnosis (SCID) for the diagnosis of GAD and MD. Results: The prevalence of GAD and MD were 5.6% and 1.7% respectively. Identified risk factors for GAD included female gender (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.6-16.1), age less than 30 years (OR 17.1, 95% CI 2.2-131.6), single marital status (OR 4.2 95% CI 1.5-11.7), and middle occupational post (=7.16, df=2, p=0.02). Major Depression (MD) was associated with longer average daily working hours (t=-2.2, p=0.026), complaints of health problems in the previous month (= 8.8, p=0.012), as well as use of sedative medication (OR=17.2, 2.3-125). Conclusion: GAD and MD occur among bank workers and they are related to socio-demographic, health and occupational correlates. These findings suggest the need to adopt a holistic approach in developing effective prevention strategies, which may include the promotion of occupational mental health and stress management programmes among vulnerable occupational groups for enhancement of health and productivity.
In vivo production of entomopathogenic nematodes using Galleria mellonella: costs and effect of diets on nematode pathogenicity

Abstract Five separate diets – beeswax (BW), glycerol (Gly), and three types of dog croquettes (DC1, DC2, and DC3) – were used to rear larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. The larvae were later inoculated with five different isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) emerging from the insect larvae reared on the five diets. Insect cadavers were then conserved for 1, 2, 3, and 4 wks (T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively) to evaluate the nematodes’ progeny production and to assess the pathogenicity of emerging nematodes to G. mellonella larvae. Larvae fed on DC1 weighed the least (0.18 ± 0.03 g) and those fed on Gly weighed the most (0.22 ± 0.04 g). Gly was effective for insect development but was the most expensive to produce at 6.30 US dollars/kg. No significant difference (P = 0.851) was observed between mortality rates of larvae for nematode isolates for the three best diets (Gly, BW, and DC1) during 1 wk (T1) and 3 wks (T3) after processing at 3 d post-inoculation. All nematode isolates emerged and had the highest population density per insect larva at T1 for isolate Ze4 (Heterorhabditis sonorensis) on BW (553.63 ± 311.97 infective juveniles (IJs)/50 μ l of suspension, 276,815 IJs/larva) and at T2 on DC1 (488.63 ± 321.37 IJs/50 μ l, 244,315 IJs/larva) and for isolate Aglali (H. sonorensis) at T1 on Gly (615.18 ± 309.63 IJs/50 μ l, 307,590 IJs/larva). This study shows the costs and effectiveness of different diets on development and production of G. mellonella larvae and the EPN produced in vivo.
A Review on Risk Factors/Indicators and Effects of Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia or hyperlipoproteinemia is the condition of abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood. Hyperlipidemia may be defined by serum total cholesterol >240mg/dL and/or LDL cholesterol >160mg/dL and/or total cholesterol: HDL ratio >5.7 and/or total triglycerides > 150mg/dL in adults. Objective: The objective of this article is to review up-to-date findings (risk factors/indicators, metabolic effects/complications and prevention/control mechanisms) for such an increasing aspect of metabolic syndrome illnesses in most parts of the world population. Results: Many inter-related causes and risk factors are considered for the development of hyperlipidemia and other chronic illnesses of metabolic syndrome (diabetes and hypertension). Many current studies reveal that there are significant differences in blood lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia between ethnic groups, different dietary habits, life style and level of physical activity, as well as genetic background. Exogenous factors, such as dietary intake (fat, cholesterol), alcohol, use of contraceptives and other pharmacologic agents are indicated as the main secondary causes and risk factors of hyperlipidemia in adults. Once developed, hyperlipidemia results in various effects/complications to the body including atherosclerosis, cholilithiasis and others. Conclusion and Recommendations: An intricate relationship of cause and effect appears to exist among the known chronic metabolic illnesses (diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia) which show a growing burden on our today's society in particular. Multiple strategies (including dietary measures) have to be considered to maintain normal blood lipid levels. Other secondary causes of hyperlipidemia (diabetes mellitus, alcohol intake, weight gain, physical activity and drugs) need to be included in avoiding hyperlipidemia and its effects/complications.
Music Training Improves Depressed Mood Symptoms in Elderly People: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The effectiveness of music training on depressed mood and general cognitive function in elderly participants is verified in this study. Music activities consisted of improvisation exercises for stimulating interpersonal skills, mood, and cognitive functions. A mixed research method was adopted, including standardized measures (Mini-Mental State Examination and Geriatric Depression Scale) and follow-up semistructured interviews. The research design included pre- and postevaluation with randomized experimental and control groups. Participants were 45 care residents aged 62 to 95, healthy and with cognitive impairment. Results revealed a significant improvement in depression index (Geriatric Depression Scale) for the experimental period (t = 1.450; p < .005; d = 0.453) while the control group had no improvement (t = 0.080; p > .1; d = 0.025). In addition, a significant improvement was found in the cognitive level (Mini-Mental State Examination) for the experimental (t = 2.300; p < .005; d = 0.668) than the control group that had a significant reduction (t = 1.240; p < .05; d = 0.273). This study provides evidence that music training has a positive impact on depressed mood and general cognitive function in elderly participants. These types of music training sessions could provide aid to control the symptoms of depression, delay the deterioration of cognitive function, and enhance social–cognitive function, especially in individuals presenting with cognitive impairment.
Site-agnostic biomarker-guided oncology drug development

ABSTRACT Introduction Advances within molecular diagnostics have enabled us to identify a number of oncogenic drivers across different cancers. Many cancers can now be divided into subgroups based on molecular characteristics, and an increasing number of targeted anticancer drugs have been developed together with a predictive biomarker assay using the drug-diagnostic codevelopment model. With the recent approval of entrectinib, larotrectinib, and pembrolizumab for site-agnostic indications, biomarker-guided drug development has entered into a new phase. Areas covered The review focuses on the general principles of drug-diagnostic codevelopment, especially basket trials and site-agnostic drug development. Special attention is paid to entrectinib, larotrectinib, and pembrolizumab. Expert opinion The recent approval of entrectinib, larotrectinib, and pembrolizumab must be regarded as a paradigm shift in biomarker-guided oncology drug development. For a site-agnostic indication, it is important to have in mind the central role of the companion diagnostic (CDx), as the assay defines the ‘disease’ and the patient population to be treated. A number of site-agnostic drugs are currently in development and here, it is important that CDx assay development is given high priority, so an analytical and clinical validated assay is available at the time of drug approval.
Oral health and cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality of cerebral haemorrhage, cerebral infarction and unspecified stroke in elderly men: A prospective cohort study

Background: Stroke mortality comprises different specific diagnoses as cerebral infarction, different haemorrhagic conditions and unspecified stroke. This study seeks to explore the prediction of oral health indicators versus known cardiovascular disease risk factors for stroke mortality. Methods: Altogether, 12,764 men aged 58 to 77 years were invited to the health screening Oslo II in the year 2000. It included general medical measurements and questionnaire information. Mortality data were supplied by Statistics Norway for the 6530 attending men. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to establish prediction models for mortality. Results: Oral health by number of tooth extractions >10 was found to be an independent predictor for cerebral infarction hazard ratio = 2.92, 95% confidence interval (1.24–6.89). This was independent of HDL-Cholesterol (inversely) hazard ratio = 0.21, 95% confidence interval (0.06–0.76), frequent alcohol consumption (drinking 4–7 times per week) hazard ratio = 3.58, 95% confidence interval (1.40–9.13) and diabetes hazard ratio = 4.28, 95% confidence interval (1.68–10.89). Predictors for cerebral haemorrhage were age, hs-C-reactive protein and body mass index (inversely). Age and total cholesterol (inversely) were predictors for unspecified stroke. Conclusions: Oral health measured by number of tooth extractions >10 was an independent predictor for cerebral infarction in addition to age, HDL-C, hs-C-reactive protein and diabetes. The pattern of risk factors varied between the specific stroke diagnoses.
Endovascular Repair Using a 7-Branch Stent-Graft for a Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm With Variant Renovisceral Artery Anatomy

Purpose: To present a case of endovascular repair using a custom-made 7-branch stent-graft for a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) in a patient with variations in the renovisceral artery anatomy. Case Report: A 70-year-old asymptomatic man presented with a 60-mm-diameter type IV TAAA. Due to severe coronary artery disease, an endovascular approach was elected. In the preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans, variations in the renovisceral artery anatomy included the common hepatic and splenic arteries deriving separately from the aorta and bilateral double renal arteries (RAs). A custom-made 7-branch stent-graft was manufactured to preserve all renovisceral arteries. The 7 branches were catheterized and connected with a steerable sheath from a femoral access. All branches were bridged to the target vessel (TV) with a self-expanding covered stent; 4 TVs also had balloon-expandable covered stents implanted. Final angiography and predischarge CTA showed patency of all 7 target vessels and corresponding visceral organs, with no endoleak. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 8 without complications. Six-month follow-up CTA demonstrated exclusion of the TAAA and patency of all 7 target vessels. Conclusion: Successful treatment of a TAAA in a patient with multiple variant renovisceral arteries was feasible with a custom-made 7-branch stent-graft, achieving a good early outcome.
Emotional Interference in Early Adolescence: Positive Reinforcement Modulates the Behavioral and Neural Effects of Negative Emotional Distracters.

Limited research has examined functioning within fronto-limbic systems subserving the resistance to emotional interference in adolescence despite evidence indicating that alterations in these systems are implicated in the developmental trajectories of affective disorders. This study examined the functioning of fronto-limbic systems subserving emotional interference in early adolescence and whether positive reinforcement could modulate these systems to promote resistance to emotional distraction. Fifty healthy early adolescents (10-13 years old) completed an emotional delayed working memory (WM) paradigm in which no distractors (fixation crosshair) and emotional distracters (neutral and negative images) were presented with and without positive reinforcement for correct responses. WM accuracy decreased with negative distracters relative to neutral distracters and no distracters, and activation increased in amygdala and prefrontal cortical (PFC) regions (ventrolateral, dorsomedial, ventromedial, and subgenual anterior cingulate) with negative distracters compared with those with no distracters. Reinforcement improved performance and reduced activation in the amygdala, dorsomedial PFC, and ventrolateral PFC. Decreases in amygdala activation to negative distracters due to reinforcement mediated observed decreases in reaction times. These findings demonstrate that healthy adolescents recruit similar fronto-limbic systems subserving emotional interference as adults and that positive reinforcement can modulate fronto-limbic systems to promote resistance to emotional distraction.
Lipoxin suppresses inflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway in periodontal ligament cells

Abstract Objective The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) for the treatment of periodontitis in an in vitro model. Methods Human PDLCs were challenged with Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evoke an inflammatory response. This was done either in monoculture or in coculture with THP‐1, a monocytic cell line. Thereafter, cytokine expression was measured by ELISA, with or without LXA4. In addition, the effects of LXA4 were analyzed on the TLR‐MyD88‐NF‐κB (TMN)‐mediated intracellular signal pathway using immunocytochemistry. Results In response to LPS, the level of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha increased, whereas the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐4 decreased significantly (p < .05). These effects were consistently reversed when LPS‐challenged PDLCs were also treated with LXA4. The results in the coculture system were comparable to the monoculture. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative assessment confirmed the importance of the TMN signal pathway in these processes. Conclusion These results corroborate earlier findings that PDLCs play an important role in inflammation. Moreover, LXA4 might offer new approaches for the therapeutic treatment of periodontal disease.
4-phenylbutyric acid promotes migration of gastric cancer cells by histone deacetylase inhibition-mediated IL-8 upregulation

ABSTRACT Histone acetylation is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). It is associated with gene transcription and expression. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), can inhibit cancer cell proliferation by increasing the level of histone acetylation. However, 4-PBA did not show any efficacy in clinical trials. In this study, we found that 4-PBA induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and BGC-823 with ectopic E-cadherin expression. Based on the expression profile microarray, IL-8 was the most significantly up-regulated gene by 4-PBA, and was selected for further investigation. Knockdown of IL-8 partially prevented 4-PBA-induced-EMT by blocking the activation of the downstream Gab2-ERK pathway. Furthermore, CHIP assay confirmed that acetyl-H3 directly combined with the promoter region of IL-8 to promote its transcription. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that 4-PBA-mediated inhibition of HDAC activity could induce EMT in gastric cancer cells via acetyl-histone-mediated IL-8 upregulation, and the downstream Gab2/ERK activation. These data indicated the possible reason for the failure of 4-PBA in clinical trials.
Pilot study establishing a nomogram of yolk sac growth during the first trimester of pregnancy

The yolk sac (YS) has been reported as a reliable predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes, however, it has always been evaluated cross‐sectionally with a single ultrasound per patient. We sought to validate the use of YS dimensions in serial ultrasounds throughout the first 10 weeks of singleton and multiple gestations.
A multimodal investigation of cerebellar integrity associated with high‐risk cannabis use

With legalization efforts across the United States, cannabis use is becoming increasingly mainstream. Various studies have documented the effects of acute and chronic cannabis use on brain structure and cognitive performance, including within the frontal executive control network, but little attention has been given to the effects on the cerebellum. Recent evidence increasingly points to the role of the cerebellum in various nonmotor networks, and the cerebellum's expression of cannabinoid receptors may pose particular vulnerabilities to the consequences of cannabis use. Using a combined approach of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the present study aims to assess how cannabis use relates to the cerebellum's intrinsic functional connectivity and underlying white matter structure and whether these properties are associated with craving or severity of cannabis use. Resting‐state fMRI and DTI data, as well as self‐reports of substance use history, were analyzed from a sample of 26 adults at risk for cannabis use disorder (CUD) and an age‐ and sex‐matched comparison group of 25 cannabis‐naïve adults (control). Results demonstrated that individuals at risk for a CUD showed key differences in cerebellar functional connectivity, with specific impacts on the dorsal attention and default mode networks. In addition, group differences in white matter were localized to the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), with a relationship between lower MCP diffusivity and higher levels of self‐reported craving. These findings lend further support to the cerebellum's role in key cognitive networks and potential consequences for substance use disorders.