Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of iturin A by Bacillus velezensis ND and its biological control characteristics

Bacillus subtilis, as a biocontrol bacterium, possess a variety of biological functions and the capacity to control plant pathogens. Iturin A is a biosurfactant with broad‐spectrum antifungal activity produced by fermentation of B. subtilis. In this study, the dynamic parameters of solid‐state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SMF) of Bacillus velezensis ND were compared, and a method for producing iturin A with a yield of 12.46 g/kg utilizing SSF was proposed. It has significant advantages over SMF and has the highest yield of all previously reported studies. B. velezensis ND also contains protease activity, cellulase activity, iron‐carrying activity, the ability to synthesis 3‐indoleacetic acid (IAA), fixation nitrogen, and degrade phosphorus. In cotton pot experiments, it can effectively increase cotton growth and minimize Verticillium wilt. This strain's superior fermentation efficiency, biological function, and biocontrol ability are sufficient to demonstrate its promise for the development and use of biocontrol agents.
Evaluation of 2‐D Green's boundary formula and its normal derivative using Legendre polynomials, with an application to acoustic scattering problems

This paper presents the non‐singular forms, in a global sense, of two‐dimensional Green's boundary formula and its normal derivative. The main advantage of the modified formulations is that they are amenable to solution by directly applying standard quadrature formulas over the entire integration domain; that is, the proposed element‐free method requires only nodal data. The approach includes expressing the unknown function as a truncated Fourier–Legendre series, together with transforming the integration interval [a, b] to [‐1,1] ; the series coefficients are thus to be determined. The hypersingular integral, interpreted in the Hadamard finite‐part sense, and some weakly singular integrals can be evaluated analytically; the remaining integrals are regular with the limiting values of the integrands defined explicitly when a source point coincides with a field point. The effectiveness of the modified formulations is examined by an elliptic cylinder subject to prescribed boundary conditions.
Toxicity and Starvation Induce Major Trophic Isotope Variation in Daphnia Individuals: A Diet Switch Experiment Using Eight Phytoplankton Species of Differing Nutritional Quality

Simple Summary The estimates of animal diets and trophic structures using stable isotope analyses are highly influenced by the diet–tissue discrimination and tissue turnover rates. However, these factors are often unknown because they must be measured using controlled feeding studies. Furthermore, these parameters may be influenced by the diet quality, quantity, toxic stress, and starvation or fasting, as well as other factors. We measured the effects of toxic stress, starvation, and diet quality on the turnover rate and diet–tissue discrimination in Daphnia individuals. We raised individuals with a common laboratory diet and switched them to eight different dietary sources with varying levels of nutritional quality, while one group experienced starvation. The isotopic values were assessed on a daily basis post-diet change. Overall, we showed that in addition to the nutritional quality, toxic stress and starvation are the main processes that affect the two key parameters of the stable isotope analysis. Abstract Stable isotope values can express resource usage by organisms, but their precise interpretation is predicated using a controlled experiment-based validation process. Here, we develop a stable isotope tracking approach towards exploring resource shifts in a key primary consumer species Daphnia magna. We used a diet switch experiment and model fitting to quantify the stable carbon (δ 13C) and nitrogen (δ 15N) isotope turnover rates and discrimination factors for eight dietary sources of the plankton species that differ in their cellular organization (unicellular or filamentous), pigment and nutrient compositions (sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids), and secondary metabolite production rates. We also conduct a starvation experiment. We evaluate nine tissue turnover models using Akaike’s information criterion and estimate the repetitive trophic discrimination factors. Using the parameter estimates, we calculate the hourly stable isotope turnover rates. We report an exceedingly faster turnover value following dietary switching (72 to 96 h) and a measurable variation in trophic discrimination factors. The results show that toxic stress and the dietary quantity and quality induce trophic isotope variation in Daphnia individuals. This study provides insight into the physiological processes that underpin stable isotope patterns. We explicitly test multiple alternative dietary sources and fasting and discuss the parameters that are fundamental for field- and laboratory-based stable isotope studies.
Findings of a Multidisciplinary Assessment of Children Referred for Possible Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Insights from a Retrospective Chart Review Study

Children with ASD have a wide spectrum of functional deficits in multiple neurodevelopmental domains. A multidisciplinary team assessment (MDT) is required to assess those deficits to help construct a multimodal intervention plan. This is a retrospective chart review of the assessment for children who were referred for an assessment of potential neurodevelopmental disorders. We reviewed 221 participants’ charts from January 2019 to January 2020. The mean age of the children was 7.95 ± 3.69, while the mean age of the fathers and mothers was 37.31 ± 8.57 and 31.95 ± 6.93, respectively. Consanguinity was as high as 37.9% for the referred children with developmental delay who were first-degree related, and 13.2% of the parents were second-degree relatives. Approximately 26.6% of children had a family history of mental illness in first-degree relatives. ASD was the most commonly reported diagnosis post-assessment, and ADHD was the most common reported comorbidity at 64.3% and 88.5%, respectively. The MDT findings showed that 58% of children required moderate or higher assistance with toileting, 79.2% were unable to answer yes/no questions, and 86.8% were unable to understand “wh” questions. Only 26% of the nonverbal children had average IQ testing results, and 31% of verbal children did. In conclusion, the mean age of the children when assessed was above that recommended for early screening and intervention. An increased paternal and maternal age was noticeable. Consanguinity and a family history of mental disorders in first-degree relatives were high, attesting to a possible genetic risk.
The anatomy of the rostral nasal cavity and vomeronasal organ in Tarsipes rostratus (Marsupialia: Tarsipedidae).

The rostral nasal structure of Tarsipes is described from diagrams drawn from transverse serial sections. Left and right nasal cavities are separate but nasal and oral cavities communicate freely via the nasopalatine ducts, whose oral openings lie lateral to the incisive papilla. The papilla is grooved ventrally with taste buds on the sides of the groove. The nasopalatine ducts open to the nasal cavity below a glandular swell body over the tip of the vomeronasal cartilage. The ducts of the vomeronasal organ open into the oral end of the nasopalatine ducts. The organ extends about one third of the way along the base of the septum, with sensory epithelium medially and ciliated epithelium laterally. Vomeronasal glands occupy the ventral half of the septum caudal to the sensory epithelium. It is suggested that their secretion reaches the spiny dorsal surface of the tongue, and that tongue movements may assist the presentation of odours to the vomeronasal organ. Olfactory epithelium reaches as far rostrally as the bony nasal septum in the dorsal nasal cavity. The ventral cavity is lined by ciliated epithelium with few goblet cells. The nasal vestibule receives secretion from septal glands of the dorsal swell body, from the lateral nasal gland, and from the lacrimal gland via the nasolacrimal duct.
Evolution equation for a thin epitaxial film on a deformable substrate

We consider a continuum model for the evolution of an epitaxially strained dislocation-free thin solid film on a deformable substrate in the absence of vapor deposition. By using a thin-film approximation we derived a nonlinear evolution equation. We examined the nonlinear evolution equation and found that there is a critical film thickness below which every film thickness is stable and a critical wave number above which every film thickness is stable. Preliminary numerical results indicate that the equation possesses island-like steady state solutions.
Functional Outcome of Hemiarthroplasty of the Hip for Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures of the Femur in Elderly Patients: A Prospective Study

Introduction It is frequently challenging to treat an unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly people by internal fixation because of difficult anatomical reduction, poor bone quality, the need for prolonged bed rest and restricted ambulation. As an alternative to internal fixation, cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty has been used as a treatment for unstable intertrochanteric fractures to avoid the postoperative immobilization-related complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional and clinical outcomes of primary cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Methodology A prospective study was conducted that included 30 patients who were admitted to the apex trauma center at a tertiary care center from January 2019 to August 2020 with unstable intertrochanteric fractures (Association for Osteosynthesis/Orthopaedic Trauma Association, or AO/OTA, types 31-A2.2 and 31-A2.3); patients treated with cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty, with at least one year of follow-up were included in the study. Basic descriptive statistics were used and the results were presented in frequencies, percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviations for continuous variables. Results According to the Harris Hip Score, at the end of 12 months, 9 patients (30%) had excellent results, 14 patients (46.67%) had good results, 5 patients (16.67) had fair results, and 2 cases (6.67) had poor results. With cemented hemiarthroplasty, 87.7% of older patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were able to walk sooner, and the results were good. Conclusion Hemiarthroplasty of the hip with a cemented bipolar prosthesis appears to be a reliable treatment method for the management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients with osteoporosis; it allows for early ambulation and leads to a favorable functional outcome in most patients following surgery.
Multilocus phylogeny and species delimitation suggest synonymies of two Lucanus Scopoli, 1763 (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) species names

﻿Abstract Phylogenetic relationsships of four nominal Lucanus Scopoli, 1763 species, L.swinhoei Parry, 1874, L.continentalis Zilioli, 1998, L.liuyei Huang & Chen, 2010, and L.wuyishanensis Schenk, 1999, are assessed based on mitochondrial (16S rDNA, COI) and nuclear (28S rDNA, Wingless) genes. The genetic distance is 0.0072 between L.swinhoei and L.continentalis, and 0.0094 between L.wuyishanensis and L.liuyei. Three species-delimitation approaches (ABGD, PTP, and GMYC) consistently showed L.swinhoei + L.continentalis and L.wuyishanensis + L.liuyei as two MOTUs. A new synonymy, L.liuyei = L.wuyishanensis, is proposed. Synonymy of L.swinhoei over L.continentalis is confirmed.
Comparative Analysis of In Vitro Models to Study Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Zika Virus Infection

During the 2015–2016 outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas, a previously unknown severe complication of ZIKV infection during pregnancy resulting in birth defects was reported. Since the ZIKV outbreak occurred in regions that were highly endemic for the related dengue virus (DENV), it was speculated that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of a ZIKV infection, caused by the presence of cross-reactive DENV antibodies, could contribute to ZIKV disease severity. Emerging evidence indicates that, while in vitro models can show ADE of ZIKV infection, ADE does not seem to contribute to congenital ZIKV disease severity in humans. However, the role of ADE of ZIKV infection during pregnancy and in vertical ZIKV transmission is not well studied. In this study, we hypothesized that pregnancy may affect the ability of myeloid cells to become infected with ZIKV, potentially through ADE. We first systematically assessed which cell lines and primary cells can be used to study ZIKV ADE in vitro, and we compared the difference in outcomes of (ADE) infection experiments between these cells. Subsequently, we tested the hypothesis that pregnancy may affect the ability of myeloid cells to become infected through ADE, by performing ZIKV ADE assays with primary cells isolated from blood of pregnant women from different trimesters and from age-matched non-pregnant women. We found that ADE of ZIKV infection can be induced in myeloid cell lines U937, THP-1, and K562 as well as in monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy donors. There was no difference in permissiveness for ZIKV infection or ADE potential of ZIKV infection in primary cells of pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women. In conclusion, no increased permissiveness for ZIKV infection and ADE of ZIKV infection was found using in vitro models of primary myeloid cells from pregnant women compared to age-matched non-pregnant women.
Analytical Validation of the IMMULITE® 2000 XPi Progesterone Assay for Quantitative Analysis in Ovine Serum

Simple Summary Consumer demand for sheep food products are on the rise, thus resulting in shifts in sheep production systems. These shifts require a better understanding of reproductive health in various production systems through research and implementation of these improved reproductive management strategies. To do this it is necessary to utilize safe, timely and accurate tools to measure key reproductive markers. Circulating progesterone concentration is a commonly used reproductive marker in ewes as it can be used to monitor female cyclicity. We evaluated how well the IMMULITE® 2000 XPi (Siemens) measured progesterone concentrations in sheep serum. This system is optimized for use in human clinical settings, and we know that the sample type can influence system performance therefore our objective was to determine the analytical performance of the machine using sheep serum samples spiked with known concentrations of progesterone over the manufacturers reported readable range. Experiments were conducted in accordance with guidelines recommended by the Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standard committee of the ASVCP. Variability within and between runs as well as on independent machines fell within acceptable deviation, therefore we concluded that use of the IMMULITE® 2000 XPi (Siemens) is a safe, timely and accurate system to measure circulating progesterone concentrations in sheep serum. Abstract Monitoring circulating progesterone (P4) concentration is an important component of basic and applied reproduction research and clinical settings. IMMULITE® 2000 XPi (Siemens) is a newly upgraded fully automated immunoassay system marketed for human use to measure concentrations of different analytes including P4. Our objective was therefore to characterize the analytical performance of the IMMULITE® 2000 XPi P4 immunoassay across the reportable range in ovine serum. This validation of analytical performance included determining (1) linearity, (2) precision through within-run, and between-run coefficient of variation (CV) calculations, (3) accuracy through bias calculations for spiking-recovery bias and interlaboratory (range and average based) bias for two laboratories across the reportable range (0.2–40 ng/mL). The average within-run and between-run precision (CV%) across the reportable range of the IMMULITE® 2000 XPi P4 immunoassay for serum P4 concentration were both <5%, ranging between 2–8%. The average Observed Total Analytic Error (TEo) reported here for serum P4 concentration across the reportable range was ~30%, ranging from 14.8–59.4%, regardless of the considered bias. Based on these data we conclude that the automated IMMULITE® 2000 XPi P4 immunoassay provides a precise, accurate, reliable, and safe method for measuring P4 concentration ovine serum.
Atrakcyjność gier losowych a niechęć do ich odroczenia w czasie

Research by Lovallo and Kahneman (2000) showed that gambles rated as more attractive have agreater tolerance for delay. The present study shows the results of amodified test that extended this conclusion togames with new features. Gambles were presented with apositive expected value where no win is possible and gambles with anegative expected value where no loss is possible. Respondents (N = 232) were more risk averse than in the Lovallo and Kahneman study, although they were also more willing todelay attractive gambles. The modified test also indicates that when people assume aconstant positive expected value, they prefer the gamble with asmall prize of high probability than alarge prize of low probability. Similarly, when people assume aconstant negative expected value, they have more aversion toasmall loss of high probability than alarge loss of low probability.
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Worry and Rumination

Clinical scientists disagree about whether worry and rumination are distinct or represent a unitary construct. To inform this debate, we performed a series of meta-analyses evaluating the relationship between worry and different forms of rumination. A total of 719 effect sizes (N = 69,305) were analyzed. Worry showed a large association with global rumination and with the brooding and emotion-focused subtypes of rumination (rs = .51–.53). However, even when corrected for measurement error, the correlations did not approach unity (ρs = .57–.62). Worry showed a smaller, though still significant, association with the reflection subtype of rumination (r = .28, ρ = .34). Characteristics of the study, sample, and measures moderated the worry–rumination relationship. Worry and rumination, as indexed by current self-report measures, reflect closely related but nonredundant constructs. Given that these constructs have both common and distinct features, researchers should select between them carefully and, when possible, study them together.
Effect of pre-fragmentation on efficacy and safety for phacoemulsification in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery: a non-randomized clinical trial

Background Ultrasound energy during phacoemulsification results in the endothelial cell loss of cornea. Crystallin lens fragmentation with softening before phacoemulsification can be used with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) device. Methods This non-randomized clinical trial included patients who underwent cataract surgery and not had corneal opacity. Patients who were not possible to apply the interface on the ocular surface, were excluded. Each subject was allowed to decide the surgical method by himself/herself. Cataract surgery was performed with FLACS (groups I and II) or conventional surgical technique (group III). The FLACS group was further subdivided into two groups according to whether a lens softening procedure was performed (group I) or not (group II). The nuclear density of cataract was objectively classified by Pentacam nuclear staging (PNS), preoperatively. Surgical parameters including total phacoemulsification time (TPT), cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), and the balanced salt solution (BSS) volume consumed, were measured during the surgery. Postoperative visual outcomes were evaluated at three months after the surgery, and corneal endothelial cell count (ECC) loss were calculated based on ECC measured before the surgery and two months after the surgery. Results Eighty-nine eyes from 89 patients were enrolled. Fifty-three were treated using FLACS (groups I; quadrant pattern with softening of pre-fragmentation, n=31 and II; sextant pattern without softening of pre-fragmentation, n=22) and 36 (group III) with the conventional manual technique. The FLACS groups (groups I and II) had statistically significant lower TPT (P<0.001), CDE (P<0.001), and BSS volumes (P<0.001) used in the nucleus removal step compared to group III. Furthermore, ECC loss in groups I (4.59%±2.57%) and II (6.10%±3.30%) were also statistically lower compared to group III (13.49%±10.55%, P<0.001). From subgroup analysis with the PNS 2, group I showed lower pre-fragmentation time, lower CDE, lower BSS volume used during nucleus removal, and lower ECC loss compared to group II (all P<0.001). Conclusions Pre-fragmentation using FLACS may reduce intraoperative ultrasound energy and intraocular manipulations compared to conventional cataract surgery.
Intramammary 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatments differentially increase serum calcium and milk cell gene expression

Graphical Abstract Summary: The objective was to determine the effect of dose and source of intramammary vitamin D treatments on milk somatic cell gene expression and serum calcium. Twenty lactating Holstein cows were assigned to 1 of 5 intramammary treatments (n = 4 cows/treatment): placebo control (10 mL of 0.4% Tween 20 in PBS), 100 μg of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D), 500 μg of 25D, 10 μg of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), or 50 μg of 1,25D. Intramammary 1,25D, but not 25D, increased serum Ca concentrations compared with placebo. Intramammary 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D treatments increased milk somatic cell CYP24A1 and NOS2A expression. Intramammary 25D exhibited biological activity in mammary gland without affecting serum Ca.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction in A Sequential Biorefinery of Alginate and Fucoidan From Brown Alga Sargassum Cristaefolium

The brown alga has bioactive alginate and fucoidan, a potential for raw materials the biorefinery industry with core processing of fucoidan and alginate extraction. The research on sequential biorefinery of fucoidan and alginate was conducted in conventional and hydrothermal methods using a smart pressure-cooker, but the yield of fucoidan is low. The improvement was carried out by extracting fucoidan and alginate using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). This study aimed to obtain the MAE processing conditions that produced the maximum yield of fucoidan and alginate. The factorial design of 2k was used to determine the effect of MAE processing conditions, i.e. temperature, time, and alga/water ratio on fucoidan and alginate yields. The parameters observed were fucoidan and alginate yield. Data analysis and prediction of first-order model and model accuracy was a regression modelling using a design expert program. The result showed that the elevate of temperature MAE processing to 80 oC,for 20 minutes, and alga/water ratio of 2:20 (w/v) increased fucoidan (4.5%) and alginate (40.6%) yield, but it decreased the yield at 100 oC, for 30 minute, and alga/water ratio of 3:30 (w/v). The equation of the first-order model was quadratic, by wich the model test in curvature was found significant at α=0.05. The MAE sequential biorefinery extraction improved fucoidan and alginate yield and had a potential efficiency for commercialization. The maximum response of fucoidan and alginate yield was obtained from a MAE sequential biorefinery at 80 oC,for 20 minutes,and alga/water ratio 2:20 (w/v); further research is needed to optimizing the process.