Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining Christians’ Reactions to Reminders of Religion–Science Conflict: Stereotype Threat versus Disengagement

Stereotypes of religion (particularly Christianity) as incompatible with science are widespread, and prior findings show that Christians perform worse than non-Christians on scientific reasoning tasks following reminders of such stereotypes. The present studies (N = 1,456) examine whether these reminders elicit stereotype threat (i.e., fear of confirming negative societal stereotypes about one’s group), disengagement (i.e., distancing oneself from a domain perceived as incongruent with the values of one’s group), or both. In Studies 1 and 2, Christians demonstrated lower task performance and greater subjective feelings of stereotype threat (but did not spend less time on the task) relative to non-Christians when beliefs about Christianity–science incompatibility were chronic or made salient. Furthermore, the effects of incompatibility stereotypes on performance were most pronounced among Christians who identified strongly with science and hence worried most about confirming negative stereotypes (Studies 3–4). Implications for Christians’ responses to religion–science conflict narratives and participation in science are discussed.
Ectoparasitic Monogenea, Digenea, and Copepoda from the gills of some marine fishes of New Caledonia and New Zealand

The following ectoparasites are recorded from the gills of marine fishes in New Caledonia: Caligus prodiictus,’ Brachiella thynni (Copepoda), and Neothoracocotyle acanthocybii (Monogenea) from Acanthocybium solandri; Caligus productus, Caligus bonito (Copepoda), Allopseudaxinoides vagans, Allopseudaxine sp. (Monogenea), and Syncoelium filiferum (Digenea) from Katsuwonus pelamis. The following ectoparasites are recorded from the gills of marine fishes in New Zealand: Kahawaia truttae (Monogenea) and Syncoelium filiferum (Digenea) from Arripis trutta; Diplasiocotyle johnstoni (Monogenea) from Aldricheita forsteri; Neogrubea seriolellae, Eury‐sorchis australis (Monogenea), and Syncoelium filiferum (Digenea) from Seriolella brama; Mediavagina latridis (Monogenea), Lepeophtheirus erecsoni, and Aethon morelandi (Copepoda) from Latridopsis ciliaris. The male of Aethon morelandi is described for the first time.
Association of Electronic Health Record Use With Physician Fatigue and Efficiency

Key Points Question What is the association between electronic health record use and physician fatigue and efficiency? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 25 physicians completing 4 simulated cases of intensive care unit patients in the electronic health record, all physicians experienced fatigue at least once and 80% experienced fatigue within the first 22 minutes of electronic health record use, which was associated with less efficient electronic health record use (more time, more clicks, and more screens) on the subsequent patient case. Meaning Physicians experience electronic health record–related fatigue in short periods of continuous electronic health record use, which may be associated with inefficient and suboptimal electronic health record use.
Circulating Cytokines Associated with Poor Pregnancy Outcomes in Beninese Exposed to Infection with Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria during pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity as well as fetal and neonatal mortality. Previous studies, including our own, suggested that placental and peripheral cytokine and chemokine levels measured at delivery can be used as biomarkers for pregnancy outcomes. However, the timing of malaria infection during pregnancy matters, and these studies do not address the effect of different cytokines in peripheral blood plasma samples taken at early and midpregnancy and at delivery. ABSTRACT Malaria during pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity as well as fetal and neonatal mortality. Previous studies, including our own, suggested that placental and peripheral cytokine and chemokine levels measured at delivery can be used as biomarkers for pregnancy outcomes. However, the timing of malaria infection during pregnancy matters, and these studies do not address the effect of different cytokines in peripheral blood plasma samples taken at early and midpregnancy and at delivery. Here, we aimed to investigate whether peripheral plasma cytokine levels were associated with pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of 400 Beninese pregnant women. Using a high-sensitivity cytometry-based method, we quantified the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in peripheral plasma samples taken at two time points during pregnancy and at delivery in various groups of pregnant women identified with Plasmodium falciparum infection, with anemia, with preterm births, or giving birth to babies who are small for their gestational age. We found that, consistently at all time points, elevated levels of IL-10 were strongly and significantly associated with P. falciparum infection, while the levels of IFN-γ at inclusion and delivery were weakly but also significantly associated. Low levels of IL-5 at delivery were associated with a greater risk of both preterm births and small-for-gestational-age babies. The immunosuppressive effects of IL-10 likely affect the overall cytokine equilibrium during pregnancy in women harboring P. falciparum infections. Our findings highlight the peripheral signature of pregnancy outcomes and strengthen the idea of using cytokines as diagnostic or prognostic markers.
Binding of Cry δ‐endotoxins to brush border membrane vesicles of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa punctigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract The relatively low susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera to Cry 1 Ac, its history of resistance to chemical insecticides and the seasonal decline in expression of Cry 1 Ac in transgenic cotton necessitated the development of cotton expressing two insecticidal proteins to provide sustainable control of this multinational pest. To manage the resistance issue, it was essential that the second insecticidal protein have a significantly different mode of action to Cry1 Ac. A common feature of resistance to Cry1 A proteins in several species as well as H. armigera has been a change in the binding site. A study of binding sites for some Cry proteins in the brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of H. armigera and Helicoverpa punctigera was undertaken. The binding affinity for Cry1Ac was higher than for Cry1Ab, matching their relative toxicities, and Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab were found to share at least one binding site in both H. armigera and H. punctigera. However Cry2Aa did not compete with Cry 1 Ac for binding and so could be used in transgenic cotton in combination with Cry 1 Ac to control H. armigera and manage resistance. Variation in the susceptibilities of three different H. armigera strains to Cry 1 Ac correlated with the parameter Bmax/Kcom.
Transcriptome Profiling of Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Human Cerebromicrovascular Endothelial Cell Response to Treatment with Monensin

Central to the progression of cerebral toxoplasmosis is the interaction of Toxoplasma gondii with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of Wnt pathway signalling by the monovalent ionophore monensin reduces the growth of T. gondii infecting human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) or microglial cells. The anti-parasitic effect of monensin (a Wnt signalling inhibitor) on the in vitro growth of T. gondii tachyzoites was investigated using two methods (Sulforhodamine B staining and microscopic parasite counting). The monensin inhibited T. gondii growth (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.61 μM) with a selective index = 8.48 when tested against hBMECs (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC50] = 5.17 μM). However, IC50 of monensin was 4.13 μM with a SI = 13.82 when tested against microglia cells (CC50 = 57.08 μM), suggesting less sensitivity of microglia cells to monensin treatment. The effect of T. gondii on the integrity of the BBB was assessed by the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay using an in vitro human BBB model. The results showed that T. gondii infection significantly decreased hBMECs’ TEER resistance, which was rescued when cells were treated with 0.1 µM monensin, probably due to the anti-parasitic activity of monensin. We also investigated the host-targeted effects of 0.1 µM monensin on global gene expression in hBMECs with or without T. gondii infection. Treatment of hBMECs with monensin did not significantly influence the expression of genes involved in the Wnt signalling pathway, suggesting that although inhibition of the Wnt signalling pathway did not play a significant role in T. gondii infection of hBMECs, monensin was still effective in limiting the growth of T. gondii. On the contrary, monensin treatment downregulated pathways related to steroids, cholesterol and protein biosynthesis and their transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and deregulated pathways related to cell cycle and DNA synthesis and repair mechanisms. These results provide new insight into the host-modulatory effect of monensin during T. gondii infection, which merits further investigation.
Estimação de parâmetros genéticos e predição de valor genético aditivo de trigo utilizando modelos mistos

The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters and to predict the genotypic value of populations and individuals from wheat segregating populations, using the methodology of mixed models (restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction, REML/BLUP). Thirty-six wheat segregating populations and four controls were evaluated in the F3 generation, in a randomized complete block design, with individual information taken from within the plots. The evaluated traits were: grain yield, harvest index, number of tillers, and plant height. Genetic variability between populations was observed for all evaluated traits. The mean heritability varied from 39.15 to 92.78%, and accuracy varied from 62.57 to 96.32% in the selection of populations. The narrow-sense individual heritability was low within populations for all traits. The accuracy for individual selection had a moderate value for plant height, and low values for the other traits. Individual heritability contributes to a greater gain for the traits plant height and harvest index with the use of individual BLUP, in comparison to population BLUP. The segregating populations Embrapa22/BRS207, Embrapa22/VI98053, Embrapa22/IVI01041, BRS254/BRS207, BRS254/VI98053, BRS254/UFVT1Pioneiro, and BRS264/BRS207 stand out with high additive genetic value, for two or more traits.
Comparative behaviour of sand and mountain gazelles

Behavioural observations of both captive and free-ranging sand and mountain gazelles revealed differences in group size and composition, territory size and agonistic behaviour. Sand gazelles are seasonal breeders and form large herds (maximum = 56) during rut and post-rut as compared to mountain gazelles, which breed throughout the year in smaller groups (maximum = 5). As a result, mountain gazelle males maintain their territories year round, whereas sand gazelle rams show marked morphological changes and defend a territory only during the rut. Mountain gazelle males exhibited threat displays rather than engaging in actual combat more often than did sand gazelles. Although subject to the same environmental conditions, sand gazelles are seasonal breeders and the young are born in March-April, whereas mountain gazelles give birth throughout the year.
Light Flash Stimulation Alters the Nightingale's Singing Style: Implications for Song Control Mechanisms

To investigate decision processes during song performances in a species with a large repertoire and a versatile singing style we studied the characteristics of brief song interruptions in male nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos. Interruptions were induced experimentally by exposure to single light flashes. (1) The temporal positioning of stimuli within songs had no clear effect on the likelihood of a song interruption. (2) The delay between stimulus presentation and song interruption showed considerable variation. (3) Song types exposed to the stimulus were repeated significantly more often than in normal singing bouts. (4) In day time singing, durations of silent intersong intervals were not affected by stimulus presentations. During nocturnal singing however silent intersong intervals increased in duration after stimulus presentations unless a song type repetition was following subsequently. The results suggest a mechanism facilitating song type repetitions for songs that were disturbed during singing performance. Whether or not temporal control is affected seems to depend on both time of day and on whether or not a song is repeated after a stimulus presentation.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Catheterization Laboratory Survey

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is expected to affect operations and lifestyles of interventional cardiologists around the world in unprecedented ways. Timely gathering of information on this topic can provide valuable insight and improve the handling of the ongoing and future pandemic outbreaks. Methods and Results A survey instrument developed by the authors was disseminated via e‐mail, text messaging, WhatsApp, and social media to interventional cardiologists between April 6, 2020, and April 11, 2020. A total of 509 responses were collected from 18 countries, mainly from the United States (51%) and Italy (36%). Operators reported significant decline in coronary, structural heart, and endovascular procedure volumes. Personal protective equipment was available to 95% of respondents; however FIT‐tested N95 or equivalent masks were available to only 70%, and 74% indicated absence of coronavirus disease 2019 pretesting. Most (83%) operators expressed concern when asked to perform cardiac catheterization on a suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patient, primarily because of fear of viral transmission (88%). Although the survey demonstrated significant compliance with social distancing, high use of telemedicine (69%), and online education platforms (80%), there was concern over impending financial loss. Conclusions Our survey indicates significant reduction in invasive procedure volumes and concern for viral transmission. There is near universal adoption of personal protective equipment; however, coronavirus disease 2019 pretesting and access to FIT‐tested N95 masks is suboptimal. Although there is concern over impending financial loss, substantial engagement in telemedicine and online education is reported.
Agonist binding directs dynamic competition among nuclear receptors for heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) plays a pivotal role as a transcriptional regulator and serves as an obligatory heterodimerization partner for at least 20 other nuclear receptors (NRs). Given a potentially limiting/sequestered pool of RXR and simultaneous expression of several RXR partners, we hypothesized that NRs compete for binding to RXR and that this competition is directed by specific agonist treatment. Here, we tested this hypothesis on three NRs: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα). The evaluation of competition relied on a nuclear translocation assay applied in a three-color imaging model system by detecting changes in heterodimerization between RXRα and one of its partners (NR1) in the presence of another competing partner (NR2). Our results indicated dynamic competition between the NRs governed by two mechanisms. First, in the absence of agonist treatment, there is a hierarchy of affinities between RXRα and its partners in the following order: RARα > PPARγ > VDR. Second, upon agonist treatment, RXRα favors the liganded partner. We conclude that recruiting RXRα by the liganded NR not only facilitates a stimulus-specific cellular response but also might impede other NR pathways involving RXRα.
Early learning in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): Behavior in the family group is related to preadolescent cognitive performance

Early environment can have a major impact on development, with family life known to play an important role. Longitudinal studies can therefore help increase our understanding of variance in cognitive abilities in young animals, as well as over time. We followed 22 marmosets (11 male and 11 female) from infancy through to early adolescence. At 3 months old, the marmosets were trained to reliably touch a rewarded stimulus. At 5 months, behavior was observed within the natal group. At 9 months, the marmosets were given a visual discrimination task to assess learning ability. Mann–Whitney U tests found no sex or family size differences in number of errors at 3 or 9 months. While no significant relationships were found between behavior in the family and learning at 3 months, significant negative correlations were found between duration spent in locomotion and learning errors (p = .05), as well as between frequency of calm vocalizations and learning errors (p = .001) at 9 months. A U‐shape curve was found between amount of social play and learning at 9 months. Positive family interactions, including moderate amounts of play, as well as calm individual behavior, may therefore be important in learning. This study sheds light on cognitive development in much younger marmosets than previously studied, and helps increase understanding of how individual differences in learning may arise.
Three-dimensional ultrastructure of Plasmodium falciparum throughout cytokinesis

New techniques for obtaining electron microscopy data through the cell volume are being increasingly utilized to answer cell biologic questions. Here, we present a three-dimensional atlas of Plasmodium falciparum ultrastructure throughout parasite cell division. Multiple wild type schizonts at different stages of segmentation, or budding, were imaged and rendered, and the 3D structure of their organelles and daughter cells are shown. Our high-resolution volume electron microscopy both confirms previously described features in 3D and adds new layers to our understanding of Plasmodium nuclear division. Interestingly, we demonstrate asynchrony of the final nuclear division, a process that had previously been reported as synchronous. Use of volume electron microscopy techniques for biological imaging is gaining prominence, and there is much we can learn from applying them to answer questions about Plasmodium cell biology. We provide this resource to encourage readers to consider adding these techniques to their cell biology toolbox.
How a raindrop gets shattered on biological surfaces

Significance Rainfall on biological superhydrophobic surfaces is ubiquitous in nature. Previous studies in a laboratory setting have focused only on low-speed impacts, which can be quite different from rain conditions in nature. In this study, we reported unexpected and interesting shock-like patterns when a drop impacts biological surfaces at high speeds. These shock-like waves trigger sudden drop fragmentation into smaller satellite droplets and lead to a more than twofold decrease in contact time. Our findings may elucidate biological advantages (hypothermia risk reduction for birds, flight stability for insects, spore dispersal on plants) of superhydrophobic surfaces triggered by microstructures. Many biological surfaces of animals and plants (e.g., bird feathers, insect wings, plant leaves, etc.) are superhydrophobic with rough surfaces at different length scales. Previous studies have focused on a simple drop-bouncing behavior on biological surfaces with low-speed impacts. However, we observed that an impacting drop at high speeds exhibits more complicated dynamics with unexpected shock-like patterns: Hundreds of shock-like waves are formed on the spreading drop, and the drop is then abruptly fragmented along with multiple nucleating holes. Such drop dynamics result in the rapid retraction of the spreading drop and thereby a more than twofold decrease in contact time. Our results may shed light on potential biological advantages of hypothermia risk reduction for endothermic animals and spore spreading enhancement for fungi via wave-induced drop fragmentation.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae)

Heterosmilax, a small southeastern Asiatic genus in the Smilacaceae, comprises 11 species in two sections, includingH. micrandra, which is described as new from Hainan, China. These taxa are taxonomically discussed, described, illustrated, and a key is provided to differentiate them.
Analysis of Received Signal Strength Quantization in Fingerprinting Localization

In recent times, Received Signal Strength (RSS)-based Wi-Fi fingerprinting localization has become one of the most promising techniques for indoor localization. The primary aim of RSS is to check the quality of the signal to determine the coverage and the quality of service. Therefore, fine-resolution RSS is needed, which is generally expressed by 1-dBm granularity. However, we found that, for fingerprinting localization, fine-granular RSS is unnecessary. A coarse-granular RSS can yield the same positioning accuracy. In this paper, we propose quantization for only the effective portion of the signal strength for fingerprinting localization. We found that, if a quantized RSS fingerprint can carry the major characteristics of a radio environment, it is sufficient for localization. Five publicly open fingerprinting databases with four different quantization strategies were used to evaluate the study. The proposed method can help to simplify the hardware configuration, enhance security, and save approximately 40–60% storage space and data traffic.
A Surgical View of Anatomy: Perspectives from Students and Instructors

As curricular emphasis on anatomy in undergraduate medical education continues to evolve, new approaches to anatomical education are urgently needed to prepare medical students for residency. A surgical anatomy class was designed for third‐ and fourth‐year medical students to explore important anatomical relationships by performing realistic surgical procedures on anatomical donors. Under the guidance of both surgeons and anatomists, students in this month‐long elective course explored key anatomical relationships through performing surgical approaches, with the secondary benefit of practicing basic surgical techniques. Procedures, such as left nephrectomy, first rib resection for thoracic outlet syndrome, and carotid endarterectomy, were adapted from those used clinically by multiple surgical subspecialties. This viewpoint commentary highlights perspectives from students and instructors that suggest the value of a surgical approach to anatomical education for medical students preparing for procedure‐oriented residencies, with the goals of: (1) describing the elective at the authors' institution, (2) promoting similar efforts across different institutions, and (3) encouraging future qualitative and quantitative studies of similar pedagogic efforts.