Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The diving behavior of African clawless and spotted-necked otters in freshwater environments

Understanding the diving behavior of semiaquatic mammals, particularly in relation to estimated aerobic dive limits and diet, is important to understand their adaptability and potential vulnerability to changes in prey type and distribution. The diving behavior of African clawless otters, Aonyx capensis, and spotted-necked otters, Hydrictis maculicollis, is poorly known, and no estimates of their dive performance in relation to targeted prey and calculated dive limits have been reported previously for freshwater environments. We investigated the diving behavior of both these otter species in freshwater environments within South Africa through video recordings of direct observations and subsequent video analyses where dive and recovery durations and dive function were recorded. African clawless otters were found to perform longer dives (mean ± SD = 26.9 ± 12.2 s), compared to spotted-necked otters (8.5 ± 7.6 s). African clawless otters showed substantial variation in dive durations, with the shortest dives sometimes lasting < 5 s, and the longest recorded dive being 70 s. The majority of spotted-necked otter dives lasted < 10 s, with the shortest recorded dive lasting 0.66 s and the longest recorded dive lasting 50.9 s. Spotted-necked otters performed different dive types that were evidently dependent on prey targeted, with dives targeting crabs (16.10 ± 1.91 s) being longer than dives targeting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (5.58 ± 0.17 s). The theoretical dive durations of African clawless otters were exceeded during play dives, while spotted-necked otters sometimes exceeded their theoretical dive durations when performing successful foraging dives. The results of this study suggest that spotted-necked otters can vary behavior in relation to prey and exceed theoretical dive duration during successful foraging dives to maximize the net rate of energy gain. Furthermore, when considering known individual-level dietary specialization and plasticity in these species, it may be predicted that dive behaviors are likely to vary substantially among individuals, and in relation to prey availability and localized habitat conditions.
Synthetic glass and jute fabric reinforced soy-based biocomposites: Development and characterization

In this work, both glass fabric and jute fabric reinforced nanoclay modified soy matrix-based composites were developed and characterized. Glass fabric (60 wt.%) reinforced composite showed maximum tensile strength of 70.2 MPa and thermal stability up to 202°C, which are 82.8% and 12.2% higher than those observed with corresponding jute composite. Water absorption and contact angle values of glass-soy specimens were tested, and found composites are water stable. Biodegradation study of composites under soil burial condition revealed that glass-soy composite with 40 wt. % glass fabric lost maximum 32.6% of its original weight after 60 days of degradation. The developed glass fabric-soy hybrid composites with reasonable mechanical, thermal, and hydrolytic stability can be used in different sectors as an alternative to the nondegradable thermoplastic reinforced glass fabric composites.
Tuning the performance of magnetoelectric layered cylindrical composites

Abstract This paper aims to report an enhanced mechanistic analytical model to account for the geometry of a concentric cylinder structure, the effect of an elastic bonding layer, and mechanical boundary conditions on the magnetoelectric response. The elastic properties and the geometry of the bonding layer were added into the magneto-electro-elastic effective media theory by modifying the continuity condition through the introduction of a normalized stiffness parameter. Results from this investigation can be applied to the development of efficient energy harvesters or frequency-consistent magnetic field sensors by manipulating the mechanical and bonding conditions.
Economic Inequality and the Pursuit of Pleasure

The present research proposes and tests the “hedonic risk hypothesis” that affective experiences of pleasure provide a common currency that people use to equate economic and hedonic inequality. As a result, economic inequality can increase risk-taking in pursuit of pleasure even in noneconomic domains. Study 1 showed that higher economic inequality at the state level was associated with people in those states spending more time pursuing pleasure. Studies 2–4 were experiments, which demonstrated that when people perceive inequality in other people’s hedonic experience, they become riskier in their pursuit of pleasure for themselves. The relationship between inequality and risk-taking in pursuit of pleasurable experiences was moderated by upward social comparisons. Both monetary and hedonic inequality caused participants to become riskier in their pursuit of pleasure. The findings suggest a psychological pathway by which systemic effects of income inequality may affect individual health and social outcomes.
Health Screening of the Reef Forming Scleractinian Cold-Water Corals Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata in a Remote Submarine Canyon on the European Continental Margin, NE Atlantic

Temperature and pH can expedite the ability of pathogens to cause diseases in cold-water corals (CWCs). The present study employed a combination of histology and polymerase chain reaction diagnostic techniques to investigate potential pathogens present in the CWCs Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata in the Porcupine Bank Canyon (PBC), NE Atlantic. No pathogen was observed in the Madrepora samples. Neither histology nor standard PCR detected Vibrio spp. in the corals, although using Illumina technology, V. shilonii was observed in some L. pertusa samples in low abundances (0.22%). A Rickettsiales-like organisms (RLOs) occurred at a prevalence of 8.0% and at a low infection intensity of 1 4. Lophelia showed a few RLOs infection from the PBC canyon head (2.7%) and high infections in the south branch (5.3%). Similarly, unidentified cells observed in L. pertusa from the south branch (4.0%) were more common than those found in the canyon head (1.3%) with a prevalence of 5.3%. Although the route of pathogen infection is unclear, a likely mode of entry could be associated with particulate availability and the feeding strategies of the scleractinian corals. This suggest that L. pertusa invests energy into an enhanced immune function and reduced susceptibility to global pathogens despite a changing ocean environment.
Probiotic supplementation and systemic inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease in which demyelination occurs in the central nervous system affecting approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. Intestinal microbiome changes play an important role in the etiology of chronic diseases. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation on systemic inflammation in patients with MS. Methods A 12-week double-blind clinical trial study was designed and seventy patients with MS were randomly divided into two groups receiving probiotics and placebo. Patients in the intervention group received two capsules containing multi-strain probiotics daily and patients in the control group received the same amount of placebo. Factors associated with systemic inflammation were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Results Sixty-five patients were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of baseline variables except for the duration of the disease (P > 0.05). At the end of the study, probiotic supplementation compared to the placebo caused a significant reduction in the serum levels of CRP (−0.93 ± 1.62 vs. 0.05 ± 1.74, P = 0.03), TNF-α (−2.09 ± 1.88 vs. 0.48 ± 2.53, P = 0.015) and IFN-γ (−13.18 ± 7.33 vs. −1.93 ± 5.99, P < 0.001). Also, we found a significant increase in the FOXP3 and TGF-β levels in the intervention group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results of our study showed that supplementation with probiotics can have beneficial effects on serum levels of some factors associated with systemic inflammation. Clinical trial registration [http://www.irct. ir], identifier [IRCT20181210041 918N1].
Improving Struggling Fifth-Grade Students’ Understanding of Fractions: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Intervention That Stresses Both Concepts and Procedures

Using a randomized controlled trial, we examined the effect of a fractions intervention for students experiencing mathematical difficulties in Grade 5. Students who were eligible for the study ( n = 205) were randomly assigned to intervention and comparison conditions, blocked by teacher. The intervention used systematic, explicit instruction and relied on linear representations (e.g., Cuisenaire Rods and number lines) to demonstrate key fractions concepts. Enhancing students’ mathematical explanations was also a focus. Results indicated that intervention students significantly outperformed students from the comparison condition on measures of fractions proficiency and understanding ( g = 0.66–0.78), number line estimation ( g = 0.80–1.08), fractions procedures ( g = 1.07), and explanation tasks ( g = 0.68–1.23). Findings suggest that interventions designed to include explicit instruction, along with consistent use of the number line and opportunities to explain reasoning, can promote students’ proficiency and understanding of fractions.
POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULA IN THE CONTEXT OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN TURKEY: GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND DEVELOPMENT PLANS

The education process in school is organized by the curriculum. Curricula aim to raise citizens in accordance with the needs and political structure of the country. Among the curricula, social studies curriculum (SSC) be shown as a curriculum that can be most affected by political foundations. Because in social studies, issues such as democracy, human rights, government style, human rights, rights and responsibilities are directly related to politics. In this study, government programs (GP) and development plans (DP) in Turkey, which are one of the main political tools that affect social studies curriculum politically, have been analyzed. In this study, the 1998, 2005 and 2018 SSCs; the 55th, 59th and 65th GPs and 7th, 8th and 10th DPs in Turkey were analyzed using the document review method. This study was designed with a case study from qualitative research methods. Content analysis method was used in analyzing the data. As a result, it is concluded that GPs and DPs affect the social SSCs in some aspects. Okulda egitim sureci programla duzenlenir. Egitim programlari ulkenin ihtiyaclarina ve politik yapisina uygun vatandaslar yetistirmeyi hedefler. Programlardan soysal bilgiler ogretim programlari icerik olarak politik temellerden en fazla etkilenebilecek bir program olarak gosterilebilir. Cunku sosyal bilgilerde icerikte demokrasi, insan haklari, yonetim bicimi, haklar ve sorumluluklar gibi konular dogrudan politika ile dogrudan iliskilidir. Bu arastirmada sosyal bilgiler ogretim programlarini politik olarak etkileyen, temel politik araclardan olan, hukumet programlari ve kalkinma planlari analiz edilmistir. 1998, 2005 ve 2018 sosyal bilgiler ogretim programlari; 55, 59 ve 65. Hukumet programlari ve 7, 8 ve 10. kalkinma planlari dokuman incelemesi yontemiyle analiz edilmistir. Bu calisma nitel arastirma yontemlerinden durum calismasi ile desenlenmistir. Verilerin cozumlenmesinde icerik analizi yontemi kullanilmistir. Sonuc olarak hukumet programlari ve kalkinma planlarinin sosyal bilgiler ogretim programini bazi hususlarda etkiledigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Article visualizations:
Exploring a hospitality leadership competency model: Cross-cultural validation in New Zealand and Vietnam

Abstract Prior studies confirm that poor leadership is a key driver of employee turnover. This study tests the influence of 10 leadership competencies toward job satisfaction and turnover intentions in New Zealand and Vietnamese hotels. The results show that all 10 competencies were significantly correlated to both outcomes in each country with these were dominant predictors: (1) ethical leadership and team leadership in New Zealand and, (2) ethical leadership, delegation, and team leadership in Vietnam. Moreover, the influence of these competencies on turnover intentions was mediated by job satisfaction, thus implying an underlying causal mechanism.
Erosion control in Prehispanic agrarian landscapes from Northwestern Argentina: El Alto‐Ancasti Highlands case study (Catamarca, Argentina)

Recent research in the El Alto‐Ancasti Highlands (Northwestern Argentina) has identified an extensive agricultural system distributed in between residential sites. This agricultural system seems to have been vulnerable to a gullying system that caused erosion and soil surface loss. The existence of check dams along the inside of these gullies places the beginning of this erosion process at least during its Prehispanic occupation, between 600 and 1000 AD when the agricultural system was active. Here, we characterise the Prehispanic construction of the agricultural landscape, its impact on soil formation and the interaction established by Prehispanic farmers in the area with the local erosive dynamics along the eastern frontier of Northwestern Argentina. Our study indicates the need to pursue further research into runoff agriculture in these environments and its potential contribution for the mitigation of long‐term erosive processes and risks, as well as elucidating strategies towards sustainable soil management by modern‐day local communities.
Accurate and Efficient Derivative-Free Three-Phase Power Flow Method for Unbalanced Distribution Networks

The power flow problem in three-phase unbalanced distribution networks is addressed in this research using a derivative-free numerical method based on the upper-triangular matrix. The upper-triangular matrix is obtained from the topological connection among nodes of the network (i.e., through a graph-based method). The main advantage of the proposed three-phase power flow method is the possibility of working with single-, two-, and three-phase loads, including Δ- and Y-connections. The Banach fixed-point theorem for loads with Y-connection helps ensure the convergence of the upper-triangular power flow method based an impedance-like equivalent matrix. Numerical results in three-phase systems with 8, 25, and 37 nodes demonstrate the effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed three-phase power flow formulation compared to the classical three-phase backward/forward method and the implementation of the power flow problem in the DigSILENT software. Comparisons with the backward/forward method demonstrate that the proposed approach is 47.01%, 47.98%, and 36.96% faster in terms of processing times by employing the same number of iterations as when evaluated in the 8-, 25-, and 37-bus systems, respectively. An application of the Chu-Beasley genetic algorithm using a leader–follower optimization approach is applied to the phase-balancing problem utilizing the proposed power flow in the follower stage. Numerical results present optimal solutions with processing times lower than 5 s, which confirms its applicability in large-scale optimization problems employing embedding master–slave optimization structures.
Counsellors’ experiences of online therapy

ABSTRACT The study provides insight into counsellors’ experiences of counselling clients online. The foci include (a) counsellors’ experience of negotiating the therapeutic relationship online, (b) their experiences of utilising and adapting their clinical skills to assess clients in an online capacity, and (c) ethical issues associated with practicing online. Open-ended interviews were conducted with three counsellors located in Canada and one in the United States. Narrative analysis revealed eight major themes: convenience, therapeutic alliance, online counselling skills, assessing client suitability, reaching diverse clients, assessing client satisfaction, legal and ethical concerns, and personal and professional goals.
Applying Location Quotient and Shift-Share Analysis in Determining Leading Sectors in Teluk Bintuni Regency

Economic growth is an important aspect that reflects the success of a country or region’s economic development. The changes of its driving sectors mainly influence the changes in economic growth. This study aims to identify the leading economic sectors and analyze the sectoral shifts of the Teluk Bintuni regency’s economy. The data used in this study is the Gross Regional Domestic Product of both Teluk Bintuni Regency and Papua Barat province in the period from 2010 to 2018. In determining the leading sectors and analyzing the sector using Location Quotient and Shift-Share analysis. The results suggested that the manufacturing and mining, and quarrying sectors were the base sectors of Teluk Bintuni’s economy. However, the result of Shift-Share analysis highlighted construction, education services, procurement of electricity and gas, and public administration, defense, and compulsory social security as competitive and progressive sectors during the same period. Policy implications of this study include evaluating and reformulating development strategies and programs and considering sectoral interconnection for further development planning. Keywords: Location Quotient, Shift-Share, Leading Sectors, Teluk Bintuni
Protest News and Facebook Engagement: How the Hierarchy of Social Struggle Is Rebuilt on Social Media

This content analysis expands protest paradigm research, examining the relationship between Facebook user engagement and newspaper protest coverage. Stories not posted to social media housed more negative frames that delegitimized protesters. For select protests, Facebook users engaged more with articles with legitimizing content, suggesting users, like journalists, follow a paradigm that legitimizes some protests and marginalizes others. We discuss these implications and consider how engagement plays a role in a protest’s ability to gain visibility and public support. Findings show the media and the public marginalize movements within a framework that rebuilds a hierarchy of social struggle on social media.
Promoting Newsafety from the Exile: The Emergence of New Journalistic Roles in Diaspora Journalists’ Networks

ABSTRACT Diaspora journalists and digital media play an important role as stakeholders for war-ridden homeland media landscapes such as Syria. This study analyzes, from a safety in practice perspective, the physical and digital threats that challenge the work of Syrian citizen journalists examining the role of three online advocacy networks created by Syrian diaspora journalists to promote newsafety. Through a metajournalistic discourse analysis of the networks’ published visions and missions, and 12 in-depth interviews with the founders and other selected members of the networks, the paper investigates how journalists working for these networks perceive threats, what counterstrategies they adopt, and how they understand the changing nature of their roles. Findings demonstrate that diaspora journalists perceived physical and digital threats as inescapable, following them across borders. Counterstrategies are implemented through collaborations with civil society actors and human rights organizations, aiming to offer professional safety training programs and emergency rescue for journalists under attack, but also through the release of safety guides or codes of conduct. Grounded on the findings, we propose four novel journalistic roles for promoting newsafety from exile: sousveillance, defender, trainer, and regulator/policy developer. While the networks follow some traditional journalistic ideologies, they also show a hybrid conceptualization of journalism.
Temporal Analysis of Changes in Anthropogenic Emissions and Urban Heat Islands during COVID-19 Restrictions in Gauteng Province, South Africa

ABSTRACT Anthropic emissions are significant drivers of temperature rises in major urban areas across the globe. Waste heat and exhaust emissions from motor vehicles and industrial combustion cause the warming of cities, resulting in microclimates' changes. Recently, national lockdown regulations restricting movement and socio-economic activities to curb the spread of a novel COVID-19 and the associated deaths have been implemented in various countries worldwide. Consequently, these unprecedented restrictions resulted in reductions in traffic volumes and industrial activities in most urban areas across the world. Thus, it was hypothesised that these reductions in traffic congestion and industrial activities in cities would reduce both air pollutants and thermal radiation. Using multisource data from Sentinel-5P, MERRA-2, and MODIS, this study assessed the short-term trends in emissions and land surface temperature in South Africa's economic hub, i.e., Gauteng Province. Mann-Kendall (MK) and Sequential Mann-Kendall (SQMK) trend analysis were used to characterise trends in CO, SO2, SO4, long-wave radiation (LWR), and land surface temperature (LST) at periods corresponding to various lockdown restrictions. The results showed a significant decline in atmospheric pollutants at Level-5 lockdown restrictions, followed by an abrupt increase as the regulations were eased to Level-4 lockdown. Similarly, LST and surface urban heat island (SUHI) reduced when compared to the previous year. Therefore, the lockdown restrictions provided an experimental scenario in which pollutants could be drastically reduced, thus accentuated the human impact on microclimates.
Adverse drug reaction monitoring in patients of hypertension at a tertiary care hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

Background: Hypertension is one of the highest prevailing diseases worldwide. Due to long term therapy antihypertensive drugs are commonly associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Therefore, the study was conducted with the objective to examine the incidence of different types of ADRs in drug treated hypertensive patients. Methods: Present study was a prospective cross sectional observational study carried out in the outpatient of department of medicine of MGM hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital, in Aurangabad. 320 diagnosed hypertensive patients were studied. Questionnaire was asked and their prescription were analysed and follow up was done. Results: Among 320 patient’s 75 patients were reported ADR. Males accounted for higher percent of ADRs 46 (61%) than females 29 (38.6%). Most of the patients 147 (55.9%) were on mono therapy. Calcium channel blocker was the frequently used class of drug, showed maximum number of ADR (30.6%) followed by ACE inhibitor (28%) and ARB (21.3%). As per WHO-UMC scale, type of reactions and their percentage were as certain (9.3%), Probable/ Likely (64%), possible (22.6%), and unlikely (4%). According to Naranjo scale most of the reactions were possible (64%). severity assessment is done by Hartwig and Siegel scale. No lethal ADR were reported. 4% reactions were severe, 32% were of moderate category and 64% were mild reactions. Conclusions: Such type of studies are helpful in selection of appropriate medicines for hypertensive patients, enhancing patient adherence with the therapy by selecting medicines of lesser ADR profile, reducing unnecessary economic burden to the patients due to unwanted effects of the therapy.