Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternating Forms of Higher Degree

Abstract We define hyperbolic alternating forms of higher degree and determine their isometry groups. If (H(V), f) is the hyperbolic alternating space of degree d + 1 on a vector space V, we show that its isometry group is GL(V) ⋈ ℱ, where ℱ is a co-Schur functor.
Resonant Tides in Close Orbiting Planets

The outer layers of a gas giant planet in a close orbit are isothermal because of heating by the star, and therefore these layers are convectively stable. A resonant tidal torque is exerted at the outer boundary of the interior convection zone. Tidal dissipation occurs through nonlinear damping. This process is similar to that previously considered for high-mass binary stars. Two novel aspects of the planet case are (1) the torque is exerted in a region where H/rp ≫ 1, for density scale height H and planet radius rp, and (2) at high spin rates, effects of Coriolis forces are critical in permitting a resonance to occur. Gravity waves carrying angular momentum are launched outward from the resonant region. As these waves damp by nonlinear processes, an oversynchronous planet is spun down toward synchronism with the orbit. The torques are powerful enough to have spun down planet 51 Peg B below Jupiter's spin rate in about 102 yr and to approximate synchronism (ωspin ~ ωorbit) in about 105 yr. These estimates ignore effects of tidal heating, which are likely important at the spin rate of Jupiter or higher. Fast-rotating Jupiter-mass planets with orbital periods of up to about 40 days can be spun down to less than one-tenth the spin rate of Jupiter within 1010 yr. A planet's photosphere would be spun down even more effectively than is estimated above if its outer layers can rotate differentially. A crude estimate suggests that eccentricity is damped on timescales of about 1010 yr, so a more detailed analysis is required to determine the significance of this effect.
Toward electoral (ir)relevance of moral traditionalism? Religious decline and voting in Western Europe (1981–2017)

Abstract This article tests two contrasting hypotheses about changes in the electoral relevance of moral traditionalism–progressiveness, which pertains to attitudes toward matters of procreation, sexuality, and family and gender roles. While the “cultural turn” literature expects the electoral relevance of moral traditionalism to increase over time alongside that of all other cultural issues, studies inspired by secularization theory rather predict a decrease in its relevance—due to religious decline. Analyzing the data from the European Values Study (1981–2017) for 20 West European countries, we find empirical evidence for a decrease and no indication of an increase in the electoral relevance of moral traditionalism. Religious decline weakened the effect of moral traditionalism on religious and conservative voting over time due to the most traditionalist voters shifting away from these parties. Our findings, therefore, highlight the need to differentiate between different types of cultural motives behind voting choice in Western Europe.
Propofol/dexmedetomidine Versus Desflaurane Effects on Post Hepatectomy Hepatocellular Injury

ABSTRACT Objective The Pringle maneuver used during hepatectomy causes ischemic reperfusion injury to the liver remnant. In this study, we compared the effect of maintenance of general anesthesia with propofol dexmedetomidine intravenous infusion versus desflurane inhalational anesthesia on post-hepatectomy hepatocellular injury in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy during the first six postoperative days. Methods Group A (15 patients) received total intravenous anesthesia with a combination of propofol and dexmedetomidine for anesthesia maintenance, and group B (15 patients) received desflurane for anesthesia maintenance. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum albumin, serum bilirubin, prothrombin time (PT), and international normalized ratio (INR) were measured before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 days after surgery. Results Transaminase levels, which were comparable in both groups, peaked between the first and the third postoperative days. The peak ALT was 224.27 ± 29.7 and 318.20 ± 52.5 U/L in group A and group B, respectively (P < 0.001). The peak AST was 265.60 ± 22.3 U/L in group A and 349.27 ± 56.1 U/L in group B (P < 0.001). Albumin levels at day 1 showed no significant differences between both groups, but at days 3 and 6, group A showed significantly higher albumin levels than group B. Other liver function tests including serum albumin, total and direct bilirubin, PT, and INR showed lower values in the propofol/dexmedetomidine group. Conclusion The main finding of this study is that propofol/dexmedetomidine as a technique for the maintenance of anesthesia resulted in less hepatocellular injury and better hepatic functions than desflurane in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy during the first six postoperative days.
CHALLENGING SOME CONTEMPORARY VIEWS OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS. I. THE CASE FOR BLAST WAVES

Since the closure of the “solar flare myth” debate in the mid-1990s, a specific narrative of the nature of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) has been widely accepted by the solar physics community. This narrative describes structured magnetic flux ropes at the CME core that drive the surrounding field plasma away from the Sun. This narrative replaced the “traditional” view that CMEs were blast waves driven by solar flares. While the flux rope CME narrative is supported by a vast quantity of measurements made over five decades, it does not adequately describe every observation of what have been termed CME-related phenomena. In this paper we present evidence that some large-scale coronal eruptions, particularly those associated with EIT waves, exhibit characteristics that are more consistent with a blast wave originating from a localized region (such as a flare site) rather than a large-scale structure driven by an intrinsic flux rope. We present detailed examples of CMEs that are suspected blast waves and flux ropes, and show that of our small sample of 22 EIT-wave-related CMEs, 91% involve a blast wave as at least part of the eruption, and 50% are probably blast waves exclusively. We conclude with a description of possible signatures to look for in determining the difference between the two types of CMEs and with a discussion on modeling efforts to explore this possibility.
Nonlinear fiber external cavity mode locking of erbium-doped fiber lasers

A detailed numerical study is performed of the dynamics of optical pulse compression in an additive pulse mode-locking configuration consisting of an erbium-doped fiber laser coupled to a nonlinear optical fiber. Pulse evolution is treated by the use of an extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation incorporating a gain-and-loss term in the active fiber laser and a loss term for the nonlinear fiber, which forms the nonlinear auxilliary cavity. To treat ultrashort optical pulses with durations of less than 100 fs, we have considered third-order dispersion and self-frequency shift. On the basis of extensive numerical simulations of the all-fiber coupled-cavity configuration, a stable operating range for pulse compression is identified. It is shown that a variety of less-desirable dynamical evolutions, including pulse splitting, are obtained under other operating conditions.
The Daily Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flash Density in the Contiguous United States and Finland

AbstractA method is developed to quantify thunderstorm intensity according to cloud-to-ground lightning flashes (hereafter ground flashes) determined by a lightning-location sensor network. The method is based on the ground flash density ND per thunderstorm day (ground flashes per square kilometer per thunderstorm day) calculated on 20 km × 20 km fixed squares. Because the square size roughly corresponds to the area covered by a typical thunderstorm, the flash density for one square defines a unit thunderstorm for the purposes of this study. This method is tested with ground flash data obtained from two nationwide lightning-location systems: the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) in the contiguous United States and the portion of the Nordic Lightning Information System (NORDLIS) in Finland. The distribution of daily ground flash density ND is computed for all of Finland and four 800 000 km2 regions in the United States (identified as western, central, eastern, and Florida). Although Finland and a.
Model of the Causal Interpretation of Quantum Theory in Terms of a Fluid with Irregular Fluctuations

In this paper, we propose a physical model leading to the causal interpretation of the quantum theory. In this model, a set of fields which are equivalent in many ways to a conserved fluid, with density ${|\ensuremath{\psi}|}^{2}$, and local stream velocity, $\frac{d\ensuremath{\xi}}{\mathrm{dt}}=\frac{\ensuremath{\nabla}S}{m}$, act on a particle-like inhomogeneity which moves with the local stream velocity of the equivalent fluid. By introducing the hypothesis of a very irregular and effectively random fluctuation in the motions of the fluid, we are able to prove that an arbitrary probability density ultimately decays into ${|\ensuremath{\psi}|}^{2}$. Thus, we answer an important objection to the causal interpretation, made by Pauli and others. This result is extended to the Dirac equation and to the many-particle problem.
Finite-Element-Based Nonlinear Modal Reduction of a Rotating Beam with Large-Amplitude Motion

A nonlinear one-dimensional finite-element model representing the axial and transverse motions of a cantilevered rotating beam is reduced to a single nonlinear normal mode using invariant manifold techniques. This system is an idealized representation for large-amplitude vibrations of a rotorcraft blade. Although this model is relatively simple, it possesses the essential nonlinear coupling effects between the axial and transverse degrees of freedom. The nature of this coupling leads to the fact that we must use many degrees of freedom, whether based on finite elements or modal expansions, in order to accurately represent the beam vibrations. In this work, the slow modal convergence problem is overcome by nonlinear modal reduction that makes use of invariant manifold based nonlinear modes. This reduction procedure generates a single-degree-of-freedom reduced-order model that systematically accounts for the dynamics of all the linear modes, or finite elements, considered in the original model. The approach is used to study the dynamic characteristics of the finite-element model over a wide range of vibration amplitudes. Using extensive simulations, it is shown that the response of the reduced-order model is nearly identical to a reference system which is based on a large-scale representation of the finite-element model, and to a reduced-order Rayleigh-Ritz model. All of the procedures presented here have been computationally automated. Hence, in this study we demonstrate that it is feasible and practical to interface nonlinear finite-element methods with nonlinear modal reduction.
Linking nutrition education and farm production diversification to fruit and vegetable consumption in Zimbabwe

Abstract The main aim of the research was to analyze whether nutrition education and farm production diversification improved household dietary diversity as well as fruit and vegetable consumption among rural households in Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional survey using systematic random sampling was conducted in eight rural districts covering 1417 households. Poisson, Instrumental Variables Poisson, and Instrumental Variables probit regressions were used for analysis. Nutrition education and farm production diversity were associated with 53% and 2% increase in household dietary diversity, respectively. Nutrition education shows a significant and positive association with both fruits and vegetables intake. Nutrition education was associated with a 50% and 18% likelihood of consuming fruits and vegetables, respectively. Farm production diversification was associated with fruit consumption among rural households. Using alternative model specifications, we note that nutrition education was associated with an increase in the frequency of consuming vegetables. Farm production diversification and income were positively correlated with the frequency of fruit intake. Therefore, government, private sector, and development agencies need to promote nutrition education programs that emphasize production and consumption of fruits and vegetables. Second, interventions that promote crop and livestock diversification, including household cultivation of nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables, need to be upscaled. Highlights Nutrition education enhanced consumption of fruits and vegetablesFarm production diversification enhanced fruit consumptionNutrition education programs promote production and consumption of fruits and vegetablesCrop diversification should include cultivation of fruits and vegetables
Comparison of Mulligan Mobilization Technique versus Mckenzie Exercises among Patient with Sacroilliac Joint Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Sacroiliac joint dysfunction frequently causes pain in low back. Localized tenderness and pain around the sacroiliac joint are signs. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mulligan mobilization Technique Versus McKenzie exercises among patients with sacroiliac joint Dysfunction. Methodology: Total 58 patients, with sacroiliac joint dysfunction were included who were fulfilled the eligibility criteria. This trial was registered in Iranian registry with ref#NCT05404451 Dated 01-08-2022. This study is assessor blind. We have used the convenient sampling technique and the Lottery Method was used to randomly select. Participants were then divided into the two groups at random. The researcher and participants were not informed of the allocation process. In envelopes, the allocation was concealed. Group A received treatment with mulligan mobilization technique while group B received treatment with McKenzie exercises. Both groups received treatment for four weeks. Using the VAS and the MODI scale, pain and disability were evaluated before and after treatment. Results: It was observed that McKenzie exercises were more effective than Mulligan mobilization techniques at reducing pain, disability, and enhancing sitting, standing, and walking in patients P value was (>0.005). While there was no significant difference has been observed in personal care lifting, sleeping, when comparing both groups P value was (>0.005). Conclusion: The McKenzie exercises are more efficient than Mulligan's Mobilization technique when the two groups are compared (at reducing pain, disability, and enhancing sitting, standing, and walking in patients).
Are urban areas endangering the availability of rainfed crop suitable land?

Many concerns have been raised about urban sprawl and the subsequent disappearance of agricultural land. Regulations have been put in place to reduce urban sprawl and protect agricultural areas in many countries, but how much potentially crop suitable land really is endangered by urban areas on a global scale has not been addressed so far. In this study, we compare the extent of urban areas as produced by the Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, Madison, WI, USA, with a map of potential crop suitable areas produced by us. We show that, of the postulated 0.5% of the Earth's surface currently covered by urban areas, Asia, Europe and North America take away the largest shares and that 1% of the globally available highly crop suitable areas are currently taken up by cities, with Japan and California being extreme examples of up to 15% of highly suitable areas covered with cities.
Second and third class particles in TASEP

We consider the nearest neighbors one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process starting with ones to the left of the origin, a second class particle at the origin, a third class particle at site 1 and no particles to the right of site 1. We show that the probability that the third class particle is to the right of the second class particle at time t converges to 2/3 as t → ∞. We also consider the asymmetric exclusion process with transition rates having a positive mean and show that if the system starts with a product measure with densities λ > ρ to the left and right of the origin, respectively, then the position of the second class particle at time t divided by t converges in distribution to a uniform random variable in the interval [−(ρ− λ), ρ− λ], extending a result by the first author and Kipnis.
Fundus Image-Label Pairs Synthesis and Retinopathy Screening via GANs With Class-Imbalanced Semi-Supervised Learning

Retinopathy is the primary cause of irreversible yet preventable blindness. Numerous deep-learning algorithms have been developed for automatic retinal fundus image analysis. However, existing methods are usually data-driven, which rarely consider the costs associated with fundus image collection and annotation, along with the class-imbalanced distribution that arises from the relative scarcity of disease-positive individuals in the population. Semi-supervised learning on class-imbalanced data, despite a realistic problem, has been relatively little studied. To fill the existing research gap, we explore generative adversarial networks (GANs) as a potential answer to that problem. Specifically, we present a novel framework, named CISSL-GANs, for class-imbalanced semi-supervised learning (CISSL) by leveraging a dynamic class-rebalancing (DCR) sampler, which exploits the property that the classifier trained on class-imbalanced data produces high-precision pseudo-labels on minority classes to leverage the bias inherent in pseudo-labels. Also, given the well-known difficulty of training GANs on complex data, we investigate three practical techniques to improve the training dynamics without altering the global equilibrium. Experimental results demonstrate that our CISSL-GANs are capable of simultaneously improving fundus image class-conditional generation and classification performance under a typical label insufficient and imbalanced scenario. Our code is available at: https://github.com/Xyporz/CISSL-GANs.
Spontaneous formation of single crystal ZnO nanohelices

This paper reports a novel helix-like ZnO nanostructure with several tens of nanometres in thickness synthesized on a gold-coated Si substrate by thermal evaporation of zinc sulfide powder at 1020°C. Transmission electron microscope characterization shows that as-synthesized ZnO nanohelices extend along [011] direction and the axial direction of the helix is along [0001] direction. A catalyst-intervened dislocation-induced growth mechanism has been suggested to explain the formation of the helix-like ZnO nanostructures. This study opens a new route to construct helix-like ZnO nanostructures by different evaporation sources.
Assessing the Reproductive Ecology of a Rare Mint, Macbridea alba, an Endangered Species Act Protected Species

Many rare plant species lack up-to-date research about their reproductive ecology, which challenges effective in situ and ex situ conservation, particularly in the face of ongoing environmental and anthropogenic changes. For protected species, outdated and incomplete information also creates barriers to successful recovery planning and delisting. In this study, we gathered a range of reproductive metrics for the federally threatened and state endangered Florida endemic mint, Macbridea alba Chapman (Lamiaceae). We collected data at seven populations within Apalachicola National Forest (Florida, USA) and conducted germination trials to estimate reproductive potential. Additionally, we observed a previously undocumented lepidopteran seed predator for the species and confirmed the occurrence of vivipary. The seed set was low with less than 20% of flowers per inflorescence producing seed across populations; however, germination was high with more than 60% of seeds germinating in five of seven populations. When comparing our results to previous research conducted more than 20 years ago, the results were similar overall (i.e., germination, vivipary); however, new information emerged (i.e., herbivore pressure). As M. alba undergoes reassessment as a potential candidate for delisting from the Endangered Species Act (ESA) list, this information is critical for assessing recovery goals and decisions regarding the species’ protected status. For recovery needs related to propagation and reintroduction, these results can inform future seed collection and propagation efforts for the species.
Numerical simulation of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability using an implicit, non-dissipative DNS algorithm

An in-house, fully parallel compressible Navier-Stokes solver was developed based on an implicit, non-dissipative, energy conserving, finite-volume algorithm. PETSc software was utilized for this purpose. To be able to handle occasional instances of slow convergence due to possible oscillating pressure corrections on successive iterations in time, a fixing procedure was adopted. To demonstrate the algorithms ability to evolve a linear perturbation into nonlinear hydrodynamic turbulence, temporal Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability problem is studied. KHI occurs when a perturbation is introduced into a system with a velocity shear. The theory can be used to predict the onset of instability and transition to turbulence in fluids moving at various speeds. In this study, growth rate of the instability was compared to predictions from linear theory using a single mode perturbation in the linear regime. Effect of various factors on growth rate was also discussed. Compressible KHI is most unstable in subsonic/transonic regime. High Reynolds number (low viscosity) allows perturbations to develop easily, in consistent with the nature of KHI. Higher wave numbers (shorter wavelengths) also grow faster. These results match with the findings of stability analysis, as well as other results presented in the literature.
Thermal conductance and electron-phonon coupling in mechanically suspended nanostructures

We have fabricated and characterized the principal thermal properties of a mechanically suspended nanostructure, consisting of a micron-scale suspended GaAs island, upon which we have defined superconductor-insulator-normal metal tunnel junctions. The tunnel junctions allow for sensitive thermometry and heating of the electrons in a thermally isolated normal metal element, permitting the determination of the low-temperature thermal conductance of the legs that support the GaAs island, as well as the low-temperature electron-phonon coupling. This device forms the basis of a nanoscale bolometric detector, whose optical performance can be estimated from these measurements.