Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of the tantalus monkey (Chlorocebus tantalus tantalus) in forest restoration via seed dispersal in a West African montane forest.

Many of the world's tropical forests are under threat, with anthropogenic deforestation and degradation occurring at an alarming rate. Seed dispersal in an important process in forest restoration and regeneration, however seed rain is often low in degraded habitats, hindering reforestation efforts. Up to 90% of tropical fruit are dispersed by vertebrates, animal seed dispersers are incredibly important in maintaining forest health. Additionally, frugivores that disperse seeds into degraded areas may be of great importance in aiding natural reforestation. I therefore, investigated the potential role of the frugivorous monkey, Chlorocebus tantalus tantalus, in forest regeneration via seed dispersal. I assessed its patterns of habitat use, the quality and quantity of seed dispersal it provides, the effectiveness of current conservation management actions and the density of C. t. tantalus at Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve. I found C. t. tantalus utilised forest, edge and grassland habitats, and dispersed seeds of 28 pioneer and forest edge species into these habitats. Moreover, the number of seeds dispersed per faeces was significantly higher in the grassland than the forest with means of 16.4 +/6.1 and 3.4 +/0.97 seeds >2 mm in these habitats respectively. Germination of C. t. tantalus dispersed seeds was highest in grazed grassland and lowest in grassland protected from grazing and fire, suggesting the current practice of fencing off grassland to protect from cattle grazing may not be sufficient on its own, due to seed-seedling conflict in habitat suitability. These findings combined with an estimated density of 28 +/10.8 C. t. tantalus individuals km suggests C. t. tantalus may benefit forest regeneration via its role as a seed disperser, provided appropriate management actions are implemented. This and other
Prevention of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major public health problem in terms of morbidity and incur the highest total health care cost among urological diseases, exceeding that of chronic renal failure even when renal dialysis and renal transplantation are included. This study was conducted to assess the practice of staff nurses regarding prevention of UTI in clients with indwelling catheter.
Occurrence and detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae at a veterans medical center: seek and you may find

A total of 907 consecutive isolates of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae recovered during a 20-week period were tested for production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) by the double-disk (DD) potentiation method. Of 84 DD-positive isolates, 83 (9.2%) produced ESBLs based on isoelectric focusing. SHV-derived ESBLs and several TEM-derived ESBLs were present in nine species, including the first isolate of Citrobacter koserii and Morganella morganii known to harbor an SHV-derived ESBL. Results of testing 58 nonrepeat isolates for ESBL production by several recommended methods were as follows (percent detected in parentheses): DD method with aztreonam (95), ceftazidime (79), ceftriaxone (88), or cefpodoxime (90); broth microdilution method with ceftazidime (86) or cefotaxime (91) alone or in combination with clavulanate; and the standard disk diffusion method with new breakpoints and standard concentrations of aztreonam (78), ceftazidime (79), ceftriaxone (83), or cefpodoxime (98) or a novel concentration (5 microg) of ceftazidime (88). In three instances during an extended part of the study, an ESBL-producing isolate and a non-ESBL-producing isolate of the same species were recovered from a single blood culture bottle. These data indicate that ESBLs occur in several species of Enterobacteriaceae and at a relatively high incidence at our institution and that the standard disk diffusion method with cefpodoxime and the DD method with several beta-lactams are practical and cost-effective methods for detecting ESBL-producing isolates of Enterobacteriaceae.
Occurrence and detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Klebsiella isolates in Hilla, Iraq

A total of 88 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from different environmental and clinical samples in Hilla/Iraq during the period from January to July 2003. Primary screening of β-Lactam resistant isolates showed that 73.8% (65 strains) were resistant to β-Lactam antibiotics. 58.4% of these strains were βlactamase-producers. All the βlactamase-producing Klebsiella strains showed multiple-drug resistance to least 8 antibiotics. Klebsiella strains were also tested for their ability to produce extendedspectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) using three methods. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with and without clavulanate was the most accurate method for detection of ESBLproducing isolates, by which 8 (21%) ESBL-producing isolates were detected. Plasmid profile of Klebsiella strains (including ESBL-producers) was detected. The genes encoding for the production of ESBLs and resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, refampin, and erythromycin were located on conjugative plasmids whereas genes encoding for resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cephalexin and gentamycin were located on the chromosome.
Socio-economic and demographic determinants of under-five mortality in rural northern Ghana

Edmund Wedam Kanmiki 1* * Corresponding author Email: eddy100@hotmail.com Ayaga A Bawah Email: aab2161@cumc.columbia.edu Isaiah Agorinya Email: Isaiah.Agorinya@navrongo-hrc.org Fabian S Achana 1 Email: fsachana@gmail.com John Koku Awoonor-williams 3 Email: kawoonor@gmail.com Abraham R Oduro 1 Email: aroduro@yahoo.com James F Phillips 2 Email: james.phillips@columbia.edu James Akazili 1 Email: akazjames@yahoo.com 1 Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Upper East Region, Box 114, Navrongo, Ghana 2 Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Columbia, USA 3 Upper East Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Bolgat anga, Ghana
Increased MCL-1 expression predicts poor prognosis and disease recurrence in acute myeloid leukemia

Background: Altered expression of the BCL-2 family member MCL-1 has been linked to the progression and outcome of various malignancies. Recently, MCL-1 inhibitor S63845 was reported to kill MCL-1 -dependent cancer cells and has potential value in clinical application. Purpose: Herein, we reported MCL-1 expression pattern in Chinese de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its impact on prognosis and may provide theoretical basis for AML patients using MCL-1 inhibitor in clinics. Real-time quantitative PCR was carried out to detect the transcript of MCL-1 in AML patients. Results: MCL-1 expression was signi ﬁ cantly up-regulated in AML compared with controls ( P =0.042). We divided the patients into two groups (higher and lower expression of MCL-1 ) based on the median level. Among both non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML), patients with higher expression of MCL-1 correlated with lower complete remission (CR) rate ( P =0.031 and 0.004, respectively) and shorter overall survival (OS) time ( P =0.008 and 0.004, respectively) compared with those with lower expression of MCL-1 . Meanwhile, Cox regression analyses revealed that overexpression of MCL-1 acted as an independent risk factor for OS in non-APL patients and CN-AML patients ( P =0.011 and 0.045, respectively). In follow-up patients, MCL-1 expression level decreased after CR compared with newly diagnosis time ( P =0.020) and increased after relapse ( P =0.004). Conclusion: Our ﬁ ndings suggest that higher expression of MCL-1 predicts poor prognosis and can be used for disease monitoring.
Missed diagnosis and overtreatment of COPD among smoking primary care population in Central greece: old problems persist

Background: The diagnosis of COPD is not always consistent with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy in daily clinical practice, especially in primary care. This study aimed to estimate the overall COPD prevalence and severity, to identify differences between newly and previously diagnosed patients, and to evaluate the potential COPD overtreatment in a smoking population attending a primary care spirometry surveillance program. Methods: A study was conducted in 10 primary health care centers of Central Greece during a 7-month period. Eligible participants were aged  40 years and were either current smokers or exsmokers. Results: A total of 186 subjects were included (68% males, mean age 62.3 ± 12.6 years, mean life-time tobacco exposure 50 pack-years). COPD prevalence was 17.8%, identified to be higher in elderly males. Forty-two percent of the COPD group were newly diagnosed patients, who were of younger age, current smokers, presented with less dyspnea and better health status, and mainly appeared with mild-to-moderate disease. Interestingly, 61.4% of non-COPD and 85.7% of newly diagnosed COPD individuals had been using inhaled medication under primary care provider’s prescription without ever undergoing spirometry or further evaluation by a pulmonologist; thus, the phenomena of COPD overdiagnosis and missed diagnosis came into the spotlight. Moreover, only 26.3% of known COPD patients were properly medicated according to GOLD guidelines, while half of them were inappropriately treated with triple inhaled therapy. Conclusion: We reported a significant prevalence of COPD in smoking population attending this spirometry program. A remarkable proportion of COPD patients were undiagnosed and made case finding worthwhile. Underutilization of spirometry in the diagnosis and management of COPD as well as general practitioners’ nonadherence to the GOLD treatment guidelines was confirmed by our data. These findings highlight the need for a major overhaul and culture change in primary care settings of Central
Dartmouth Digital Commons Dartmouth Digital Commons

This paper introduces MEXSVMs , a mid-level representation enabling efﬁcient recognition of actions in videos. The entries in our descriptor are the outputs of several movement classiﬁers evaluated over spatial-temporal volumes of the image sequence, using space-time interest points as low-level features. Each movement classiﬁer is a simple exemplar-SVM, i.e., an SVM trained using a single positive video and a large number of negative sequences. Our representation offers two main advantages. First, since our mid-level features are learned from individual video exemplars, they require minimal amount of supervision. Second, we show that even simple linear classiﬁcation models trained on our global video descriptor yield action recognition accuracy comparable to the state-of-the-art. Because of the simplicity of linear models, our descriptor can efﬁciently learn classiﬁers for a large number of different actions and to recognize actions even in large video databases. Experiments on two of the most challenging action recognition benchmarks demonstrate that our approach achieves accuracy similar to the best known meth-ods while performing 70 times faster than the closest competitor.
Phosphate-control adherence in hemodialysis patients: current perspectives

Objectives This review summarizes factors relevant for adherence to phosphate-control strategies in dialysis patients, and discusses interventions to overcome related challenges. Methods A literature search including the terms “phosphorus”, “phosphorus control”, “hemo-dialysis”, “phosphate binder medications”, “phosphorus diet”, “adherence”, and “nonadherence” was undertaken using PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Embase. Results Hyperphosphatemia is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in dialysis patients. Management of hyperphosphatemia depends on phosphate binder medication therapy, a low-phosphorus diet, and dialysis. Phosphate binder therapy is associated with a survival benefit. Dietary restriction is complex because of the need to maintain adequate protein intake and, alone, is insufficient for phosphorus control. Similarly, conventional hemodialysis alone is insufficient for phosphorus control due to the kinetics of dialytic phosphorus removal. Thus, all three treatment approaches are important contributors, with dietary restriction and dialysis as adjuncts to the requisite phosphate binder therapy. Phosphate-control adherence rates are suboptimal and are influenced directly by patient, provider, and phosphorus-control strategy-related factors. Psychosocial factors have been implicated as influential “drivers” of adherence behaviors in dialysis patients, and factors based on self-motivation associate directly with adherence behavior. Higher-risk subgroups of nonadherent patients include younger dialysis patients and non-whites. Provider attitudes may be important – yet unaddressed – determinants of adherence behaviors of dialysis patients. Conclusion Adherence to phosphate binders, low-phosphorus diet, and dialysis prescription is suboptimal. Multicomponent strategies that concurrently address therapy-related factors such as side effects, patient factors targeting self-motivation, and provider factors to improve attitudes and delivery of culturally sensitive care show the most promise for long-term control of phosphorus levels. Moreover, it will be important to identify patients at highest risk for lack of control, and for programs to be ready to deliver flexible person-centered strategies through training and dedicated resources to align with the needs of all patients.
Perioperative Stroke

Learning Objectives: As a result of completing this activity, the participant will be able to Describe patient comorbidities and surgical procedures that may place surgical patients at particular risk for perioperative stroke Recognize perioperative events that may be associated with stroke Explain initial management steps and potential interventions for postoperative patients with evidence of acute ischemic stroke
American geriatrics society-Beers Criteria and adverse drug reactions: a comparative cross-sectional study of nigerian and south African older inpatients

Background: The Beers Criteria were developed with the aim of improving the safety of medicines among older persons. While the association between the Beers’ list of potentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among older Caucasians is contentious, the ability of the Criteria to predict ADRs among older persons in Africa remains unexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of PIMs and ADRs among hospitalized older persons in Nigeria and South Africa, and to determine the association between the 2015 American Geriatrics Society-Beers (AGS-Beers) PIMs and ADRs. Methods: The medical records of older persons aged $ 60 years who were hospitalized in teaching hospitals in Nigeria and South Africa were randomly selected, and retrospectively evaluated for ADRs by two clinical pharmacists using the Naranjo algorithm. The PIMs were assessed using the 2015 AGS-Beers Criteria. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors for ADRs among the hospitalized older persons, with P , 0.05 being considered significant. Results: The samples which comprised 268 and 339 hospitalized older persons (mean age 70.53 ± 8.22; 95% CI − 0.21 to 2.32 vs mean age 69.49 ± 7.64; 95% CI − 0.25 to 2.34, P = 0.11) were evaluated in Nigeria and South Africa, respectively. The PIMs among the older persons in Nigeria were 32.1% (86/268) and 30.1% (102/339, OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.64–1.29, P = 0.6) for South Africa; 13.8% (37/268) of the hospitalized older persons in Nigeria experienced 43 cases of ADRs compared to 9.1% (31/339) in South Africa (95% CI 0.38–1.04, P = 0.07). The multivariate analysis showed no association between PIMs and ADRs among the hospitalized older persons in Nigeria (OR = 1.48 95% CI 0.70–3.17, P = 0.31) and South Africa (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.48–2.49, P = 0.83). Conclusion: The 2015 AGS-Beers PIMs were not associated with ADRs among the hospitalized older persons in Nigeria and South Africa. However, physicians should be cautious when prescribing certain medications in the AGS-Beers list.
Scientific description of the sea ice component in the Community Climate System Model

The process for preparing an organic isocyanate by reacting an organic nitro compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic system comprised of a mixture of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of palladium halides, rhodium halides, palladium oxides, and rhodium oxides, with at least one oxide of an element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, chromium, and tantalum.
Serial testing of health care workers for tuberculosis using interferon-γ assay

Rationale: Although interferon-γ (IFN-γ) assays are promising alternatives to the tuberculin skin test (TST), their serial testing performance is unknown.Objective: To compare TST and IFN-γ conversions and reversions in healthcare workers.Methods: We prospectively followed-up 216 medical and nursing students in India who underwent baseline and repeat testing (after 18 mo) with TST and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT). TST conversions were defined as reactions greater than or equal to 10 mm, with increments of 6 or 10 mm over baseline. QFT conversions were defined as baseline IFN-γ less than 0.35 and follow-up IFN-γ greater than or equal to 0.35 or 0.70 IU/ml. QFT reversions were defined as baseline IFN-γ greater than or equal to 0.35 and follow-up IFN-γ less than 0.35 IU/ml.Results: Of the 216 participants, 48 (22%) were TST-positive, and 38 (18%) were QFT-positive at baseline. Among 147 participants with concordant baseline negative results, TST conversions occurred in 14 (9.5%; 95% confidence interval .
Analysing the effect of latent variables on willingness to pay in mode choice

In this paper a stated preference (SP) choice experiment is designed to analyse how the interaction of a latent variable (comfort) with other policy attributes influence mode choice in an urban/interurban context and explores how the different willingness to pay (WTP) measures are affected by the levels considered for this variable. A previous revealed preference (RP) survey of 950 interviews was carried out to obtain information about actual trip behaviour in the two main interurban corridors in Gran Canaria Island and to adapt the SP experiment to each individual's experience. A focus group, recruiting public transport users and car users, helped us to define a final set of five attributes: travel cost, travel time, parking fee, frequency of the service and comfort. A fractional factorial design of 27 scenarios that allow us to measure main effects and two factor interactions among three attributes was divided into three blocks in order to reduce respondent burden. Out of an original sample of 372 individuals, 97 answered the SP survey yielding a total of 871 choice observations. A detailed analysis allowed us to detect captive, lexicographic and inconsistent individuals and to examine how the removal of these observations affected the estimation results. Several linear-in-parameter specifications of multinomial logit models considering only main effects and the interaction of comfort with the rest of the attributes have been estimated including only the SP data set. From these, consistent value of travel time savings (VTTS) and other WTP measures were obtained. The estimation results show that the VTTS decrease from 18.9 euros/h to 9.03 euros/h as comfort is improved from the lowest to the highest level considered in the experiment; it was also found that the WTP for improvements in comfort range from 12.05 euros to 4.44 euros per minute of trip length. For the covering abstract see ITRD E126595.
Effect of transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields (T-PEMF) on functional rate of force development and movement speed in persons with Parkinson's disease

Background Parkinson’s disease is caused by dopaminergic neurodegeneration resulting in motor impairments as slow movement speed and impaired balance and coordination. Pulsed electromagnetic fields are suggested to have neuroprotective effects, and could alleviate symptoms. To study 1) effects of 8-week daily transcranial pulsed electromagnetic field treatment on functional rate of force development and movement speed during two motor tasks with different levels of complexity, 2) if treatment effects depend on motor performance at baseline. persons disease transcranial pulsed electromagnetic field bipolar 3 ms pulses, 50 Hz) placebo treatment with homebased rate of force development and of a sit-to-stand and a postural pre and post intervention. sub-grouped in and low-performers according their baseline motor performance level. Repeated measure ANOVAs
in Selecting

Introduction: Medicare beneficiaries often report that the process of choosing a prescription drug plan is frustrating and confusing and many do not enroll in the plan that covers their drugs at the lowest cost. Methods: We conducted 4 focus groups to understand beneficiaries’ experiences in selecting a drug plan to identify what resources and factors were most important to them. Participants were patients served by a multispecialty delivery system and were primarily affluent and Caucasian. Results: While low cost was essential to many, other characteristics like having the same plan as a partner, company reputation, convenience, and anticipation of possible future health problems were sometimes more important. Although some used resources including insurance brokers, counselors, and websites beyond Medicare.gov, many expressed a desire for greater assistance with and greater simplicity in the choice process. Conclusion: Although older adults would likely benefit from greater assistance in choosing Medicare Part D prescription drug plans, more research is necessary to understand how to help with decision-making in this context.
Pengaruh Variabel-Variabel Fundamental Dan Teknikal Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan signifikansi apakah variabel-variabel fundamental dan teknikal dapat mempengaruhi harga saham pada perusahaan manufaktur. Peneliti menggunakan sampel sebanyak 44 perusahaan manufaktur yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan diterbitkan oleh Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) dan IDX Yearly Statistics. Data yang diambil berupa laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur yang go public periode 2006-2010. Variabel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variabel fundamental (Current Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Return of Assets, Return of Equity, dan Debt to Equity Ratio) dan variabel teknikal (volume perdagangan dan indeks harga saham individual) sebagai variabel independen dan harga saham sebagai variabel dependen. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda, koefisien determinasi (