Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative transcriptome profiling and co-expression network analysis uncover the key genes associated with pear petal defense responses against Monilinia laxa infection

Pear brown rot and blossom blight caused by Monilinia laxa seriously affect pear production worldwide. Here, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of petals after inoculation with M. laxa using two pear cultivars with different levels of sensitivity to disease (Sissy, a relatively tolerant cultivar, and Kristalli, a highly susceptible cultivar). Physiological indexes were also monitored in the petals of both cultivars at 2 h and 48 h after infection (2 HAI and 48 HAI). RNA-seq data and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) allowed the identification of key genes and pathways involved in immune- and defense-related responses that were specific for each cultivar in a time-dependent manner. In particular, in the Kristalli cultivar, a significant transcriptome reprogramming occurred early at 2 HAI and was accompanied either by suppression of key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the modulation of any defense responses or by activation of DEGs acting as sensitivity factors promoting susceptibility. In contrast to the considerably high number of DEGs induced early in the Kristalli cultivar, upregulation of specific DEGs involved in pathogen perception and signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary and primary metabolism, and other defense-related responses was delayed in the Sissy cultivar, occurring at 48 HAI. The WGCNA highlighted one module that was significantly and highly correlated to the relatively tolerant cultivar. Six hub genes were identified within this module, including three WRKY transcription factor-encoding genes: WRKY 65 (pycom05g27470), WRKY 71 (pycom10g22220), and WRKY28 (pycom17g13130), which may play a crucial role in enhancing the tolerance of pear petals to M. laxa. Our results will provide insights into the interplay of the molecular mechanisms underlying immune responses of petals at the pear–M. laxa pathosystem.
Effects of Human Disturbance and Climate Change on Myrmecochory in Brazilian Caatinga

Myrmecochory refers to specialized seed dispersal by ants and is one of the world’s major seed dispersal syndromes, involving more than 11,000 angiosperm species (4.5 percent of the global total) from 334 genera and 77 families (Lengyel et al., 2009). Myrmecochorous plants have specially adapted seeds that possess a food appendage designed for ant attraction and transport (van der Pijl, 1982; Beattie, 1985). The appendages are typically arils, ariloides or caruncles (Gorb & Gorb, 2003), and are collectively referred to as elaiosomes because they are all rich in fatty acids. Generalized omnivorous ants are attracted to the elaiosomes and use them as handles for seed transportation (Beattie, 1985). Once seeds reach the nest, ants eat the elaiosome and typically discard the seed intact, in nest galleries or externally on nest middens or nearby refuse dumps, where they can potentially germinate and establish (Beattie, 1985; Hughes & Westoby, 1992; Manzaneda & Rey, 2012). Myrmecochory is particularly common among temperate forest herbs in the northern Hemisphere (Beattie & Culver, 1981; Gorb & Gorb, 2003) and sclerophyll shrubs of Mediterraneanclimate landscapes in South Africa, southern Australia and southern Europe (Bond & Slingsby, 1983; Westoby et al., 1991; Garrido et al.,
Glioblastoma: An Update in Pathology, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor in adults. Despite important advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis and biology of this tumor in the past decade, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor. GBM is characterized by aggressive biological behavior and high degrees of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Increased understanding of the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM may not only help more accurately define specific subgroups for precise diagnosis but also lay the groundwork for the successful implementation of targeted therapy. Herein, we systematically review the key achievements in the understanding of GBM molecular pathogenesis, mechanisms, and biomarkers in the past decade. We discuss the advances in the molecular pathology of GBM, including genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and signaling pathways. We also review the molecular biomarkers that have potential clinical roles. Finally, new strategies, current challenges, and future directions for discovering new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GBM will be discussed.
Tree composition and abundance patterns differ in two watersheds of Forest Park, a large Pacific Northwest urban forest

Abstract We compared differences in patterns of tree species composition and abundance in a set of six permanent research plots designated in paired watersheds in a large forested park in Portland, Oregon: one proximal to the urban area and the other proximal to rural areas. All were established in mixed conifer-deciduous stands with similar tree age classes, orientation, topography and other environmental variables. One old-growth plot reference was included in each watershed. The urban plots have experienced periodic disturbances and are continually subjected to continual low-impact disturbances. The urban plots, in contrast to rural plots and to their reference old-growth plots, showed significant differences in tree species composition and ages, sapling numbers, and amount of coarse woody debris. NMDS and nonparametric ANOVA revealed the urban plots as having the greatest ecological distance from all other plots. Soil disturbance, lack of O- and A-horizons, and coarse woody debris were disturbance indicators. Given current patterns of regeneration, the urban plots will be dominated in the future by hardwood species. This projection, when compared with the proximate old-growth patch and with historical records for the urban end of the park, has no historic antecedent. These conclusions are concurrent with findings for other urban forests, where early successional species dominate over long periods of time. The described ecological trends, especially with the domination of invasive species, reflect the urban condition of the forest and constitute a novel state.
Capillary trapping quantification in sandstones using NMR relaxometry

Capillary trapping of a non‐wetting phase arising from two‐phase immiscible flow in sedimentary rocks is critical to many geoscience scenarios, including oil and gas recovery, aquifer recharge and, with increasing interest, carbon sequestration. Here we demonstrate the successful use of low field 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [NMR] to quantify capillary trapping; specifically we use transverse relaxation time [T2] time measurements to measure both residual water [wetting phase] content and the surface‐to‐volume ratio distribution (which is proportional to pore size] of the void space occupied by this residual water. Critically we systematically confirm this relationship between T2 and pore size by quantifying inter‐pore magnetic field gradients due to magnetic susceptibility contrast, and demonstrate that our measurements at all water saturations are unaffected. Diffusion in such field gradients can potentially severely distort the T2‐pore size relationship, rendering it unusable. Measurements are performed for nitrogen injection into a range of water‐saturated sandstone plugs at reservoir conditions. Consistent with a water‐wet system, water was preferentially displaced from larger pores while relatively little change was observed in the water occupying smaller pore spaces. The impact of cyclic wetting/non‐wetting fluid injection was explored and indicated that such a regime increased non‐wetting trapping efficiency by the sequential occupation of the most available larger pores by nitrogen. Finally the replacement of nitrogen by CO2 was considered; this revealed that dissolution of paramagnetic minerals from the sandstone caused by its exposure to carbonic acid reduced the in situ bulk fluid T2 relaxation time on a timescale comparable to our core flooding experiments. The implications of this for the T2‐pore size relationship are discussed.
Basement structure of the continental margin in the Lofoten-Lopphavet area, northern Norway: constraints from potential field data, on-land structural mapping and palaeomagnetic data

Magnetic and gra vi ty anomalies within the northern Norwegian margin, 67° to 71 oN are generally interpreted in terms of a complex series of uplifted and rotated basement blocks. Some of the basement highs were previously not identified on seismic reftection data because they Iie below basalt ftows. Several shifts in polarity occur along the faults in the continental shelf and the adjacent onshore area. This is most pronounced along the Ribban and Vestfjorden Basins and further to the northeast along the Vestfjorden-Vanna fault complex. The individual segments of the fault complexes are connected by transfer zones, which occur as either: (l) transverse faults, e.g. the Lenvik transfer zone, or (2) twist zones, e.g. the Vesterålen transfer zone. The Vestfjorden Basin consists of two subbasins or half-grabens: one to the north with a border fault to the east and one to the south with a border fault to the west. Several basement faults on the continental shelf can be traced onto the mainland. Reactivation of old shear zones is commonly observed. The Senja Fracture Zone is a reactivation of the Proterozoic Bothnian-Senja fault complex. A palaeomagnetic study of Vesterålen, Senja and Kvaløya has furnished tempora! constraints on the near-shore fault activity. On Senja and Kvaløya, two phases of faulting and brecciation have been identified. A young phase, associated with the formation of fault-gouges, is recent-Tertiary in age, whereas an older phase, associated with brecciation, is of Permian age. The Jack of Cretaceous/Jurassic faulting along the central Vestfjorden-Vanna fault complex indicates that there may have been a westward shift of the regional fault activity in the Nordland-Troms area from the Carboniferous-Permian to the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous.
Postoperative Complications of Transvesical Adenomectomy of the Prostate in the Urology Department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire GABRIEL TOURE in Bamako

Objective: To study postoperative complications of transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate in the urology department of the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital in Bamako. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted over 12 months, from December 1, 2022 to November 30, 2023. It covered all patients admitted, operated on and followed up in the Urology Department of CHU Gabriel Touré for benign prostatic hypertrophy and having a complete medical record. Results: Out of 102 patients operated on for prostate adenoma in the urology department of CHU Gabriel Touré, 26 cases of postoperative complications (POC) were recorded, representing a frequency of 25.49%. The average age of our patients was 71.38 years. Urinary bilharziasis was the main urological antecedent in 50% of patients, while inguinal hernia repair was the most common surgical antecedent, accounting for 27% of cases. Pollakiuria was the main reason for consultation (46.15%). Urinary tract infection was found in 57.69% of patients, with Escherichia coli the main germ involved (34.61%). The mean ultrasound prostate weight was 63.82g, with a mean total PSA level of 2.98ng/ml. Preoperative catheterization was strongly associated with postoperative complications (37.21%). The main indication for surgery was complicated BPH (infectious complication: 38.46%). The average duration of bladder irrigation was 2.3 days. Parietal suppuration was the main postoperative complication (30.77%). Postoperative indwelling catheterization lasted an average of 16 days. The average hospital stay was 7.3 days for patients with CPO versus 5 days for other patients. The mortality rate was estimated at 3.84%. Conclusion: In our context, transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate is still the most common surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Postoperative complications are dominated by parietal suppuration.
Methane variability associated with natural and anthropogenic sources in an Australian context

ABSTRACT Coal seam gas (CSG) has the potential to be a low-carbon transition fuel, but CSG fields may be a source of fugitive emissions of methane (CH4). We use mobile cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) measurements to attribute CH4 concentrations to sources in southeastern Australia including CSG fields. Our study shows higher CH4 concentration values associated with both natural and anthropogenic sources other than CSG. These include urban landfills (>320 ppm) and urban infrastructure (>17 ppm), agricultural activities (>20 ppm) and open-pit coal mines (>30 ppm). We confirm reports of increased concentration of CH4 downwind of some parts of CSG fields (<5 ppm), but elevated concentrations are not endemic and could not be separated from contributions of natural geological seeps (>16 ppm) that form part of the background levels. While CRDS allows direct determination of CH4 sources, repeat measurements show the strong influence of atmospheric conditions on concentration and highlight the need for methods that quantify flux.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Impact of Implementing Volume-Targeted Compared to Pressure-Limited Ventilation in a Single-Center, Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Oman

Background The use of volume-targeted ventilation (VTV) in neonatology has been introduced in the last decade. This study was performed to determine the impact of clinical implementation of volume-targeted conventional mechanical ventilation using the volume guarantee mode in mechanical ventilation of all neonates needing mechanical ventilation compared to pressure-limited ventilation (PLV) modes. The mortality rate, duration of mechanical ventilation, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were the primary outcomes of the study.
CASE REPORT: RARE CASE OF PNEUMOCYTOMA

Pulmonary sclerosing (Pneumocytoma) is a rare benign pulmonary tumor of primitive epithelial origin. Because of the unspecific radiological features mimicking malignancies and their histological heterogeneity, the differential diagnosis with adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors is still challenging. We report a case of sclerosing pneumocytoma, as well as a review of the literature. Immunohistochemical findings showed intense staining of the cuboidal epithelial cells for cytokeratin-pool and TTF-1, with focal positivity for progesterone receptors. Round and spindle cells expressed positivity for vimentin, TTF-1, and focally for the progesterone receptor. Since the pre- and intraoperative diagnosis should guide surgical decision-making, obtaining a sufficient specimen size to find representative material in the cell block is of paramount importance. This overview highlights what physicians need to know regarding clinical manifestations, radiological and histological features as well as recent advances in immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of this disease.
Role of biofertilizers in combination with organic and inorganic nutrient sources in enhancement of growth in Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata)

Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) is an important medicinal plant being used in liver ailments, snake bite, diabetes, fever and stomach disorders. In order to study the response of kalmegh to various manure combinations, an experiment was conducted at department of Botany, P.P.N. College, Kanpur. As a result, application of 25 kg/ha N as vermicompost, + 12.5 kg / ha P + 25 kg/ha K +Azotobacter+ Azospirillum+ PSB recorded the highest growth parameters.
Target-constrained Bidirectional Planning for Generation of Target-oriented Proactive Dialogue

Target-oriented proactive dialogue systems aim to lead conversations from a dialogue context toward a pre-determined target, such as making recommendations on designated items or introducing new specific topics. To this end, it is critical for such dialogue systems to plan reasonable actions to drive the conversation proactively, and meanwhile, to plan appropriate topics to move the conversation forward to the target topic smoothly. In this work, we mainly focus on effective dialogue planning for target-oriented dialogue generation. Inspired by decision-making theories in cognitive science, we propose a novel target-constrained bidirectional planning (TRIP) approach, which plans an appropriate dialogue path by looking ahead and looking back. By formulating the planning as a generation task, our TRIP bidirectionally generates a dialogue path consisting of a sequence of pairs using two Transformer decoders. They are expected to supervise each other and converge on consistent actions and topics by minimizing the decision gap and contrastive generation of targets. Moreover, we propose a target-constrained decoding algorithm with a bidirectional agreement to better control the planning process. Subsequently, we adopt the planned dialogue paths to guide dialogue generation in a pipeline manner, where we explore two variants: prompt-based generation and plan-controlled generation. Extensive experiments are conducted on two challenging dialogue datasets, which are re-purposed for exploring target-oriented dialogue. Our automatic and human evaluations demonstrate that the proposed methods significantly outperform various baseline models.
Driving factors in the innovation adoption : from rewards crowdfunding to equity crowdfunding

espanolLa presente tesis analiza el grado de relevancia de determinados factores en la intencion de adoptar la innovacion tecnologica que implica el crowdfunding de participacion. Se propone un modelo holistico e integrado que incorpora diferentes marcos teoricos consitentes con el objeto de estudio. Se llevo a cabo una encuesta online entre los mecenas de campanas de la mayor plataforma de financiacion participativa de Espana. El marco de analisis empirico esta basado en el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), puesto que la mayor parte de las relaciones propuestas en las hipotesis implican variables latentes o constructos. Los resultados enfatizan la relevencia de la facilidad de uso pecibida (por encima de la utilidad) en la intencion de contribuir a crowdfunding de participacion. Este factor actua como mediador de la utilidad percibida en su influencia en la adopcion de la innovacion, en comparacion con el modelo TAM (en sus diferentes versions). Asimismo, la confianza del potential adoptante basada en diferentes elementos, no determina de manera directa la adopcion de crowdfunding de participacion, de manera contraria a lo que sucede en otros ecenarios de inversiones online. EnglishThis research analyzes the degree of relevance of certain factors in the intention of adopting the technological innovation that equity crowdfunding involves. A holistic and integrated model is proposed, which incorporates different theoretical frameworks consistent with the object of study. An online survey was conducted among contributors to campaigns from the largest rewards crowdfunding platform in Spain. The empirical framework of analysis is based on structural equation modeling (SEM), as most of the relationships proposed in the hypothesis involve latent variables or constructs. The results emphasize the relevance of the perceived ease of use (above utility) in the intention to participate in equity crowdfunding. This factor mediates the role of perceived utility in the adoption of this innovation, compared to the TAM model (in its different versions). Likewise, the trust of the potential adopter, based on different elements, does not directly determine the participation in equity crowdfunding, unlike what happens with other online investment scenarios.
Future Projections of Global Pluvial and Drought Event Characteristics

This study assesses projections from 24 CMIP5 models of number, duration, and severity of pluvial and drought events utilizing 6‐month standardized precipitation index. Increased variability of standardized precipitation index is projected globally. More frequent, longer lasting, and stronger pluvials are projected in wet regions, and the same for droughts in dry regions. Worsening pluvials and droughts are most apparent in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes and the Americas, respectively. Uniquely, this study investigates pluvials and droughts in locations where the precipitation trend is of the opposite sign. In drying regions, 40% of grid points project an increase in number and 65% project an increase in duration of severe pluvials. Projections for severe drought events in wetting regions show similar projections. As precipitation trends alone do not provide information about pluvial and drought characteristics this study has important implications for planning and resilience.
Analysis of climate change knowledge and its implications on livelihood options in Naituyupaki Location, Maasai Mau Forest, Narok County, Kenya

Kong’ani LNS, Mutune JM, Thenya T. 2018. Analysis of climate change knowledge and its implications on livelihood options in Naituyupaki Location, Maasai Mau Forest, Narok County, Kenya. Asian J For 2: 62-66. Climate change knowledge among rural forest adjacent communities influences responsive dynamics towards rural livelihood in terms of mitigations and adaptations. Rural households are highly dependent on natural resources, whose base is highly indisputably threatened by the changing climate. Some of the responses towards climate change dynamics exert increased pressure on Maasai Mau forest resources for sustenance. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between forest based livelihood dynamics and climate change knowledge. Results indicate that 93% of the respondents were aware of climate change through life experiences. The cited primary causes of climate change by 72% of the respondents included natural causes (26%), human activities (2%) and punishment from gods respectively. The agricultural production and forest products are the main livelihood activities among the people and these livelihood support activities are, to a large extent, affected by climate change. There is need to continuously expose local community to emerging knowledge on impact of climate change for improved mitigation and adaptations.
Low degree spherical harmonic influences on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) water storage estimates

We estimate terrestrial water storage variations using time variable gravity changes observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites during the first 2 years of the mission. We examine how treatment of low‐degree gravitational changes and geocenter variations affect GRACE based estimates of basin‐scale water storage changes, using independently derived low‐degree harmonics from Earth rotation (EOP) and satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations. GRACE based water storage changes are compared with estimates from NASA's Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). Results from the 22 GRACE monthly gravity solutions, covering the period April 2002 to July 2004, show remarkably good agreement with GLDAS in the Mississippi, Amazon, Ganges, Ob, Zambezi, and Victoria basins. Combining GRACE observations with EOP and SLR degree‐2 spherical harmonic coefficient changes and SLR observed geocenter variations significantly affects and apparently improves the estimates, especially in the Mississippi, Ob, and Victoria basins.