Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sulfidity controls molybdenum isotope fractionation into euxinic sediments: Evidence from the modern Black Sea

Molybdenum (Mo) isotope fractionation has recently been introduced as a new proxy in oceanography and biogeochemistry. It is therefore fundamental to understand the processes controlling Mo partitioning into modern marine environments. This study identifies the availability of dissolved sulfide as the dominant control on overall Mo removal from the water column in euxinic systems. Mo isotopic composition of surface sediments from different localities of the Black Sea demonstrates complete fixation of Mo only below 400 m water depth, above a critical concentration of 11 μmol l −1 aqueous hydrogen sulfide in the bottom water. The Mo isotopic composition of these sediments reflects the homogeneous seawater isotopic composition of 2.3‰. In contrast, significant Mo isotope fractionation into less euxinic sediments is evident at shallower depths in the Black Sea, as well as in temporarily euxinic deeps of the Baltic Sea, consistent with the observed lower maximum sulfide concentrations in the respective water columns. Therefore, Mo isotope signatures in the modern Black Sea constrain the processes responsible for global Mo removal from the ocean by euxinic sediments. Furthermore, models of past ocean anoxia reconstruction have to consider that the seawater Mo isotopic composition is not per se archived in euxinic sediments.
Effects of topography and crustal heterogeneities on the source estimation of LP event at Kilauea volcano

SUMMARY The main goal of this study is to improve the modelling of the source mechanism associated with the generation of long period (LP) signals in volcanic areas. Our intent is to evaluate the effects that detailed structural features of the volcanic models play in the generation of LP signal and the consequent retrieval of LP source characteristics. In particular, effects associated with the presence of topography and crustal heterogeneities are here studied in detail. We focus our study on a LP event observed at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in 2001 May. A detailed analysis of this event and its source modelling is accompanied by a set of synthetic tests, which aim to evaluate the effects of topography and the presence of low velocity shallow layers in the source region. The forward problem of Green’s function generation is solved numerically following a pseudo-spectral approach, assuming different 3-D models. The inversion is done in the frequency domain and the resulting source mechanism is represented by the sum of two time-dependent terms: a full moment tensor and a single force. Synthetic tests show how characteristic velocity structures, associated with shallow sources, may be partially responsible for the generation of the observed long-lasting ringing waveforms. When applying the inversion technique to Kilauea LP data set, inversions carried out for different crustal models led to very similar source geometries, indicating a subhorizontal cracks. On the other hand, the source time function and its duration are significantly different for different models. These results support the indication of a strong influence of crustal layering on the generation of the LP signal, while the assumption of homogeneous velocity model may bring to misleading results.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody among COVID-19 vaccinated individuals residing in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Background To limit the SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the Indonesian government launched a COVID-19 vaccination program in January 2021. Studies on the clinical treatment and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination have shown promising results; however, it is necessary to estimate the effectiveness of the vaccines. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, studies have highlighted the impact of COVID-19 vaccines, especially CoronaVac, on Indonesian healthcare workers. To get a better picture of how the vaccines work in Indonesia, it is necessary to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibody induced by the COVID-19 vaccine in individuals who have already received two-to-three doses of vaccines. Materials and Methods Four-hundred and ninety-six whole-blood samples were collected from participants residing in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, who received a minimum of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. Serums were then isolated from the blood and subjected to detect SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibodies using a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay. Results The prevalence of positive anti-S-IgG antibodies was 91.7% (455/496) in all participants receiving a minimum of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. As many as 209 (85.3%) and 141 (96.6%) participants were seropositive for receiving CoronaVac and AstraZeneca, respectively. Meanwhile, all participants receiving two-dose CoronaVac with one booster dose of Moderna (105/100%) were seropositive (p < 0.05). Age, comorbidity, and time after the last vaccine were significantly correlated with seropositivity (p < 0.05). Conclusion Different vaccines might produce different antibody responses. Adopting a stronger policy regarding the administration of booster doses might be beneficial to elicit positive anti-S-IgG antibodies, especially among older individuals, those with comorbid diseases, and those with a longer time after the second vaccination dose.
Continental scale body wave tomography of India: Evidence for attrition and preservation of lithospheric roots

We assemble P and S waveforms of 2301 teleseismic earthquakes registered at 413 broadband seismic stations spanning the Indian plate from the southern tip of India to the Himalayan collision belt and generate an accurate data set of 52,050 P and 30,423 S arrival times through the multichannel cross‐correlation approach. These traveltimes are then inverted to obtain 3‐D P and S velocity structures of the subcontinent at a 2° × 2° lateral resolution. The heterogeneous nature of the Indian lithospheric mantle revealed in this study suggests that the lithospheric roots are not uniformly thick on a regional scale. The key cratonic segments of the Indian shield are characterized by pockets of high velocity anomalies (∼3%) at shallow depths (<300 km), with the diamondiferous regions like Wajrakarur revealing high shear wave anomalies down to ∼300 km. In contrast to the southern Deccan volcanic province (DVP), the northwestern DVP is underlain by low velocity anomalies at similar depths suggesting that the upper mantle retains imprints of Deccan volcanism which was facilitated by the reactivation of the rift systems.
Response of Regional Sea Level to Atmospheric Pressure Loading in a Climate Change Scenario

Abstract The regional response of the global ocean to low-frequency changes in atmospheric pressure loading, ηib, is analyzed as it occurs in the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) coupled ocean–atmosphere climate model in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Results suggest that long-term changes in ηib can lead to increases in high-latitude sea level by up to 5 and 10 cm, respectively, after doubling and quadrupling the atmospheric CO2 content. At low latitudes, sea level will decrease simultaneously between 2 and 4 cm through the combined effects of changes in the atmospheric circulation and through the increase of its moisture content. In subpolar regions, associated rates of sea level increase are of the order of 0.4–0.6 mm yr−1 for quadrupled atmospheric CO2 concentrations, while in mid- and low latitudes, sea level will decrease at a rate of 0.2 mm yr−1. Differences between doubling and quadrupling CO2 concentrations indicate regionally dependent nonlinearities in the cha.
Using Comorbidity Statistical Modeling to Predict Inpatient Mortality: Insights Into the Burden on Hospitalized Patients

Background The expenditures of the United States for healthcare are the highest in the world. Assessment of inpatient disease classifications associated with death can provide useful information for risk stratification, outcome prediction, and comparative analyses to understand the most resource-intensive chronic illnesses. This project aims to adapt a comorbidity index model to the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database of 2020 to predict one-year mortality for patients admitted with select International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition (ICD-10) codes of diagnoses. Methodology A retrospective cohort study analyzed mortality with comorbidity using the Charlson comorbidity index model (CCI) in a sample population of an estimated 5,533,477 adult inpatients (individuals aged ≥18 years) obtained from the National Inpatient Database for 2020. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed with in-hospital mortality as the outcome variable and identifying predictor variables as defined by the Clinical Classifications Software Refined Variables (CCSR) codes for selected ICD-10 diagnoses. Descriptive statistics and the base logistic regression analyses were conducted using SAS statistical software version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). To avoid overpowering, a subsample (n = 100,000) was randomly selected from the original dataset. The initial CCI assigned weights to ICD-10 diagnoses based on the associated risk of death, and conditions with the greatest collective weights were included in a subsequent backward stepwise logistic regression model. Results The results of the base CCI regression analysis revealed 16 chronic conditions with P-values <0.20. Anemia (1,567,081, 28.32%), pulmonary disease (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], pneumoconiosis; 1,210,892, 21.88%), and diabetes without complications (1,077,239, 19.47%) were the three most prevalent conditions associated with inpatient mortality. Results of the backward stepwise regression analysis revealed that severe liver disease/hepatic failure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.40-10.59), acute myocardial infarction (aOR 2.85; 95% CI 2.83-2.87) and malnutrition (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 2.14-2.16) were three most important risk factors and had the highest impact on inpatient mortality (P-value <0.0001). The concordance statistic (c-statistic) or the area under the curve (AUC) for the final model was 0.752. Conclusions The CCI model proved to be a valuable approach in categorizing morbidity classifications associated with the greatest risk of death using a national sample of hospitalized patients in 2020. Study findings provide an objective approach to compare patient populations that bear important implications for healthcare system improvements, clinician treatment approaches, and ultimately decision decision-makers poised to influence advanced models of care and prevention strategies that limit disease progression and improve patient outcomes.
Cross-Shore Numerical Model CSHORE for Waves, Currents, Sediment Transport and Beach Profile Evolution

Abstract : The majority of the world shoreline is experiencing some form of erosion, which will become more serious if the mean sea level rise accelerates because of the greenhouse effect. Nourishment and maintenance of wide sand beaches for developed coastal communities will become more expensive unless the present nourishment design method is improved by the development of a reliable morphological model. Concurrently, the recent increase of coastal storm damage necessitates s the development of numerical models for predicting the damage progression and breaching of coastal stone structures and earthen levees during extreme storms. This report summarizes the continuing effort to improve our quantitative understanding of beach morphology and structural damage progression with the goal to develop simple and robust models that are suited for engineering applications. Our effort for the last 10 years has produced the crossshore numerical model CSHORE, which is presently limited to the case of alongshore uniformity. CSHORE consists of the following components: a combined wave and current model based on time-averaged continuity, cross-shore and longshore momentum, wave action, and roller energy equations; a sediment transport model for suspended sand and bedload; a permeable layer model to account for porous flow and energy dissipation; empirical formulas for irregular wave runup, overtopping and seepage; and a probabilistic model for an intermittently wet and dry zone for the purpose of predicting wave overwash and structural damage progression.
XI. Otago Downland and Taieri Plain (Invermay)

Abstract Pasture growth rates are presented for two sites on the Invermay Agricultural Research Centre farm. Growth on typical Otago Downland country was measured for 19 years and on the Taieri Plain for 12 years. Yields were obtained from grazed pasture cut by a standardised method using movable cages. The mean yield and standard error of individual samples over all years of measurement are given for standard dates at 14-day intervals. Although the plain site produced more herbage than the hill site, both growth patterns were similar, with a spring peak followed by declining yields through the summer to a marked winter depression from late May to mid August. About 6% of the annual yield was produced during the winter months of June, July, and August; 38% in spring; 38% in summer; and 18% in autumn. The growth pattern of the Lolium perenne component reflected that of the entire sward, reaching a peak at the beginning of November; Trifolium repens did not reach peak production until December and contribute.
Structure of the East Shetland Platform, northern North Sea

The East Shetland Platform formed a regional high throughout the Mesozoic and Tertiary with only a thin Triassic to Recent succession preserved. Seismic data reveal the underlying structure and stratigraphy. Complex seismic reflections are seen within the basement and may indicate basement thrust duplexes and lateral ramps, recording Caledonide deformation. A distinctive change in seismic character, traceable over the entire area, marks the base of a sedimentary package >7.5 km thick which overlies and locally onlaps a regionally persistent top basement reflector. This package is thought to be Devonian. The recognition of several internal discontinuities within it may permit subdivision into tectono-stratigraphic units. Local divergence of the reflectors within the Devonian succession provides evidence of syn-sedimentary growth faulting, perhaps due to extension in the hanging wall of reactivating, rolled back Caledonide thrust faults. The Devonian sequence is locally deformed into symmetrical to eastward-vergent folds, these marking a pre-Mesozoic compressional deformation phase of probable Variscan age. The Devonian strata on the East Shetland Platform may provide local hydrocarbon charge from oil-prone lacustrine source rocks, as well as fluvial sandstones with moderate reservoir potential. Dipping and locally intensely folded Devonian strata can offer a range of structural and stratigraphic traps in this poorly explored area.
Department of Pesticide Regulation

This letter outlines the Department of Pesticide Regulation’s (DPR’s) risk management decision related to the development of use restrictions on pesticides containing the active ingredient chloropicrin as it relates to exposures to residents and bystanders. This risk management decision was made after consultation with the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, the Air Resources Board, and the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association, as required by Food and Agricultural Code section 14023(e). A subsequent risk management directive will be developed to address occupational exposures after completion of the comprehensive risk characterization document (RCD).
Fluvial-derived Turbidites in the Los Molles Formation (Jurassic of the Neuquen Basin): Initiation, Transport, and Deposition

This chapter is about an almost uninterrupted exposure of the Jurassic Los Molles Formation in the Arroyo La Jardinera region in the southern Neuquen Basin (western Argentina). It is based on the analysis of high-resolution satellite images linked with extensive field data. Its main goal is to present a conceptual model for the studied turbidite system capable of explaining how sand and gravel were brought onto and removed from the shelf margin and how these coarse-grained sediments were transported along and deposited on the slope and basin plain. The facies tract ascribed to this turbidite system represents high-frequency lowstand system tracts. From proximal to distal, it includes the record of fluvial channels incised into mid- to outer-shelf deposits, turbidite channels scoured on slope strata, turbidite lobes resting on slope rise facies, and poorly developed turbidite lobe fringes enclosed within basin-plain strata. These gravity flow strata were assigned to short-lived (surges) moderately efficient turbidity currents derived from the almost continuous failure of delta-front deposits (sand and gravel) during ordinary fluvial floods.
CARBONATE FACIES CONTROL ON THE FIDELITY OF SURFACE-SUBSURFACE AGREEMENT IN BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES: IMPLICATIONS FOR INDEX-BASED PALEOECOLOGY

Abstract Although the field of taphonomy has existed for >70 years, the majority of work has focused on siliciclastic settings at the expense of pure carbonates. The large variety of carbonate sediment types, together with the growing recognition that carbonate platforms are composed of facies mosaics that shift laterally in time and are frequently superimposed in the rock record, raises the question of whether quantitative paleoecological studies focused on the fossil record in carbonate environments are subject to significant biases with successive vertical facies changes. This study combines live-dead and surface-subsurface analyses on communities of benthic foraminifera from four localities around San Salvador Island, Bahamas, that represent a spectrum of energy settings, bioturbation intensity, and local anthropogenic impact, in order to test the fidelity with which community data are translated from life to death assemblage on the surface, and from death assemblage to the subsurface (i.e., subfossil record) in these different facies. Although the live-dead data are inconclusive, surface-subsurface analyses demonstrate that regardless of ambient water energy or local intensity of bioturbation, community indices of dominance, evenness, diversity, and equitability are translated with equivalent and minimal modification into subsurface sediments. In addition, surface-subsurface analyses at one site suggest that surface-subsurface agreement may be lower in sites affected by recent anthropogenic impact. Overall, the results of this study represent strong taphonomic vindication for quantitative paleoecological studies spanning facies changes in the carbonate fossil record.
Globally Extended Kӧppen–Geiger climate classification and temporal shifts in terrestrial climatic types

Increasing awareness of the impacts of global climate change on marine ecosystems and concerns about shifting bioclimatic and agricultural zones necessitate a reassessment of the geographical distribution of Earth’s climate types. In recent years, the availability of truly global data-sets has allowed for the application of climatic types, including the Kӧppen–Geiger system, over the oceans. This research uses NCAR Reanalysis data to create a global ‘Extended Kӧppen–Geiger climate classification’, including the world ocean, for the 1981−2010 averaging period. The percentages of Earth’s surface covered by tropical rainforest (Af), tropical monsoon (Am), and (especially) the mesothermal– mild summer (Cfc) climate types are much larger than in the terrestrial only analysis. Expanding and contracting terrestrial climate zones are also identified based on the differences in the total area through comparison with maps produced for 1901−1925, 1926−1950, 1951−1975, 1976−2000 and model-output-based predicted Kӧppen–Geiger types for 2076−2100. Results suggest that hot desert (BWh), hot semi-arid (BSh), and Af climatic types are projected to expand, while the tundra and most mesothermal and microthermal types will decrease in area. These results assist in projecting global impacts of climatic change.
A Proposal for a New Integrated Tsunami Intensity Scale (ITIS‐2012)

Abstract The implementation of a new Tsunami Intensity Scale is proposed because a vast amount of data has been collected from the two megatsunamis that took place in the Indian Ocean in 2004 and northeast Japan in 2011. The newly proposed scale is 12‐grade and is based on the assessment of a large number of objective criteria that are easily accessible and incorporated into six groups. As a result, it does not saturate as six‐grade scales do. More specifically, the estimation of intensity values takes into account: (1) the quantities of the phenomena, (2) the direct impact on humans, (3) the impact on mobile objects, (4) the impact on coastal infrastructure, (5) the impact on the environment, and (6) the impact on structures. The new scale is compatible with the widely used EMS 1998 and ESI 2007 scales and has a reliable horizontal correspondence throughout the groups of criteria. It is easily and directly applicable to all environments, and particularly useful for the outlining of microzones of different intensities in any tsunami‐affected area. It can be implemented for any land use/cover type, such as urban, rural, industrial, touristic, and so on, and at the same time, morphologic diversity of affected areas is not an obstacle to application. Online Material: Photos and satellite images of tsunami damage and associated intensity values.
Dating Quaternary Deposits by Luminescence - Recent Advances

The use of thermoluminescence (TL) for dating Quaternary sediments (both heated and unheated) is expanding rapidly, and is poised to become routine for deposits previously considered barren of datable material or that are inaccessible to other absolute chronometric methods (e.g. 14 C, K-Ar, fission-track dating). Especially significant advances in procedures, applications, understanding and technology have been made within the past few years. It is now possible to date the cooling of airfall glass in tephra, and the last exposure to light of feldspars within loess, buried soils and in some waterlaid silts. Sand-sized quartz from beach and dune deposits, and silt-sized feldspar from peats, offer potential. Perhaps outshining this substantial progress in application of TL methods to unheated sediments is a potentially revolutionary technique, demonstrated at Simon Fraser University, that uses laser light rather than heat to stimulate the luminescent signal in minerals. This new technique is expected to be sensitive, simple and speedy. Furthermore, it has the potential to date unheated sediments that have received very brief (e.g.minutes) exposure to sunlight at deposition time.