Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[The effect of traumatic brain injury on social decision making].

INTRODUCTION Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) can present difficulties in making decisions of a social nature. Such difficulties condition complicate their personal relationships. AIMS To assess social decision-making in a sample of patients with moderate and severe TBI, and to empirically contrast if, as Ochsner's social-emotional processing model proposes, the ability to recognize and respond to socio-affective stimuli is related to the ability to regulate sensitive responses to the context based on the proposed assessment tests. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-one patients with a moderate and severe TBI (experimental group) matched by gender, age and years of education with 24 healthy subjects (control group). Social decision making was measured through the Social Decision Making Test (SDMT), and the ability to recognize and respond to socio-affective stimuli through the Pictures of Facial Affect (PoFA) test. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in the SDMT were obtained between the experimental group and the control group. Regarding PoFA, the performance of the control group was also significantly better than that of the experimental group. However, no relationship was observed between the performance in the SDMT and the PoFA for any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS The SDMT seems to be a sensitive test to detect alterations in social decision making in patients with moderate or severe TBI. No relationship was observed between the results in the SDMT and the PoFA.
Hepatitis B surface antigen reduction as a result of switching from long‐term entecavir administration to tenofovir

Loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is an important goal in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. We investigated whether switching from long‐term entecavir (ETV) administration to tenofovir (TFV) (tenofovir alafenamide [TAF] or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF]) could contribute to the reduction of HBsAg levels.
Associations of low HDL cholesterol level and premature coronary heart disease with functionality and phospholipid composition of HDL and with plasma oxLDL antibody levels

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. It is a major cause of mortality and morbidity both in Finland and globally. Even after the best known treatments a significant residual risk of CHD remains. A low plasma HDL cholesterol level (HDL, high-density lipoprotein) is a common lipid abnormality in patients affected by premature CHD and also a component of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerosis associated with central obesity. In this study, a phenotype of low HDL cholesterol level and premature CHD was investigated in two Northern Finnish family populations. The aim was to find new biological factors accounting for the elevated CHD risk in the phenotype. In the subjects of family population I, plasma levels of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA) against experimental epitopes (malondialdehydeacetaldehyde-modified, copper-oxidized) of oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particles were measured. In the subjects of family population II, capacity of HDL fractions (total HDL, HDL2 and HDL3) to accept cholesterol from a THP-1 experimental foam cell model was assayed (cholesterol efflux). In addition, a phospholipid composition of their HDL fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibody levels were not related to CHD or to HDL cholesterol level. Instead, the cholesterol efflux to HDL2 fraction was clearly impaired in CHD, which was associated with the low HDL cholesterol level of the patients. The impaired cholesterol efflux to HDL2 fraction was primarily in conjunction with the metabolic syndrome. The phospholipid composition of HDL fractions was different between the affected and the non-affected subjects. As an example, characteristic of the metabolic syndrome were elevated contents of palmitic, palmitoleic or oleic acids relative to linoleic acid in lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylcholines. In conclusion, the HDL fraction is both functionally and compositionally modified in the phenotype of low HDL cholesterol level and premature CHD. Especially the cholesterol efflux capacity of the HDL2 fraction and thus its many functional properties may be impaired. There are many characteristic features in the phospholipid composition of the HDL in the phenotype which were detected in HDL2 and HDL3 fractions.
In-hospital mortality of HIV-positive patients with acute kidney injury a decade after the roll-out of anti-retroviral therapy in Cape Town, South Africa

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa is a common cause of hospitalisation and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of comparative data regarding the outcomes of AKI in those patients with and without HIV infection from the African continent. Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective study of all consecutive adult patients with AKI referred to the renal unit at Tygerberg Hospital for the period January 2015 to December 2016. The diagnosis of AKI required evidence of the following: a recent normal serum creatinine and/or normal kidney sizes on ultrasound examination and/or granular casts on urine microscopy. Kaplan–Meier curves and logistic regression were used to assess survival and identify factors predicting mortality. Results: We identified a total of 291 patients with AKI of whom 116 (40%) were HIV positive. HIV-positive patients had a mortality rate of 34.5% vs. 29.1% in the HIV-negative patients (P = 0.34). At hospital admission, HIV-positive patients had a higher admission serum creatinine (551 μmol/L vs. 190 μmol/L, P < 0.01). Of those who died, the HIV-positive patients were younger (41 vs. 52 years, P < 0.01), predominantly Black (87.5% vs. 23.5%, P < 0.01) and were mostly admitted to medical wards (92.5% vs. 41.2%, P < 0.01). There was no difference in mortality related to the use of renal replacement therapy (P = 0.50). Logistic regression identified mixed ancestry (OR 2.47, P = 0.02), HIV infection (OR 2.69, P < 0.01) and surgical ward admission (OR 2.05, P = 0.03) as predictors of death. Conclusions: In-hospital mortality of AKI was high, and HIV infection was associated with a greater risk of death. This may be the result of late presentation of both the AKI as well as the HIV infection.
Multiple laryngeal polyposis; A newly introduced entity: update.

Introduction: Vocal fold polyps are caused by inflammation caused by stress or irritation. Laryngeal polyp may be a single polyp or more than one polyp affecting one vocal fold or both folds, translucent to red raspberry colored mass. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 40 patients, 32 males and 8 females. The mean age of the patients was 33 years; with a range of 23-55 years, suffering primarily from long standing dysphonia and were diagnosed by an otolaryngologist (Flexible naso pharyngo laryngoscope after application of painless topical anesthesia and rigid endoscopy) and voice pathologist through videostroboscopic analysis. First group, 20 patients had reinke's edema. Second group, 12 patients had unilateral multiple vocal fold polyps. Third group, 8 patients had bilateral vocal fold polyps. Results: First group Reinke's edema produces a deep, husky sounding voice, it is most commonly caused by tobacco/smoke exposure, but may also be aggravated by gastric reflux, second group, unilateral multiple or diffuse vocal fold polyps caused by intense intermittent voice use/abuse and the third group, bilateral vocal fold polyps and we found that its main etiology is abuse of voice and negligence of medical consultation for long time that leads to more trauma and development of more polyps. Conclusion: Reinke's edema, unilateral or bilateral multiple vocal cord polyps are a group of benign pathology can be collectively known as multiple laryngeal polyposis. It is a newly mentioned terminology, introduced by authors to describe collectively a picture of appearance of more than one polyp affecting either one or both vocal folds or the picture of classic Rreinke's edema.
Distribution Of Brain Metastasis From Lung Cancer

Purpose The prognosis of lung cancer with brain metastasis is poor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of brain metastasis and explore its relationship with pathology and genetic mutations. Patients and methods Between June 2015 and July 2018, 335 patients from Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University who had been firstly diagnosed with brain metastasis from lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed. All metastatic lesions were detected in the corresponding area using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results A total of 2046 metastatic lesions were found. Of the 335 patients, 21.2% (71/335) had a single brain metastasis and 78.8% (264/335) had multiple lesions. The cerebellum (56%; 189/335), right parietal lobe (54%; 182/335), right frontal lobe (47%; 157/335), and left frontal lobe (45%; 152/335) were the regions with the highest incidence of brain metastasis. The different pathological types of lung cancer showed different distribution of brain metastasis. In lung adenocarcinoma, the left frontal lobe (53%; 111/208), right frontal lobe (48%; 100/208) and cerebellum (56%; 116/208) exhibited higher brain metastases, while the cerebellum (61%; 45/74) and the right frontal lobe (46%; 34/74) had the highest incidence of brain metastasis from small-cell carcinoma. For lung squamous cell carcinoma, the cerebellum (70%; 14/20) was the most common site for metastasis. Adenocarcinoma was the most common pathological type in patients regardless of the number of lesions (ie, single or multiple brain metastases). Comparison of 37 cases with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation versus 26 cases without mutations showed that there was no correlation between the distribution of brain metastasis and gene mutation. Conclusion The different pathological types of lung cancer demonstrate different distribution of brain metastasis. These findings may have significant implications in the diagnosis and treatment of brain metastasis from lung cancer.
Establishing a model system for evaluating CAR T cell therapy using dogs with spontaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma

ABSTRACT Multiple rodent and primate preclinical studies have advanced CAR T cells into the clinic. However, no single model accurately reflects the challenges of effective CAR T therapy in human cancer patients. To evaluate the effectiveness of next-generation CAR T cells that aim to overcome barriers to durable tumor elimination, we developed a system to evaluate CAR T cells in pet dogs with spontaneous cancer. Here we report on this system and the results of a pilot trial using CAR T cells to treat canine diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We designed and manufactured CD20-targeting, second-generation canine CAR T cells for functional evaluation in vitro and in vivo using lentivectors to parallel human CAR T cell manufacturing. A first-in-species trial of five dogs with DLBCL treated with CAR T was undertaken. Canine CAR T cells functioned in an antigen-specific manner and killed CD20+ targets. Circulating CAR T cells were detectable post-infusion, however, induction of canine anti-mouse antibodies (CAMA) was associated with CAR T cell loss. Specific selection pressure on CD20+ tumors was observed following CAR T cell therapy, culminating in antigen escape and emergence of CD20-disease. Patient survival times correlated with ex vivo product expansion. Altering product manufacturing improved transduction efficiency and skewed toward a memory-like phenotype of canine CAR T cells. Manufacturing of functional canine CAR T cells using a lentivector is feasible. Comparable challenges to effective CAR T cell therapy exist, indicating their relevance in informing future human clinical trial design.
Association between tobacco consumption and periodontal diseases among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Tobacco use may be an independent, modifiable risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The use of both combustible and noncombustible forms of tobacco increases the risk of coronal and root caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancer. Aims: This cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the relationship between tobacco consumption and occurrence of periodontal diseases among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Subjects and Methods: A total 120 type 2 diabetic patients attended at a diabetic center for routine check-up over a period of 6 months fulfiled the eligibility criteria were selected consecutively. To get the target sample quickly non-randomized purposive sampling technique was followed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires and a checklist. The severity of periodontal diseases was followed according to American Academy of Periodontology (1999). The data were analyzed using the software SPSS, Version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). software. Associations were assessed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the participants 22.5% were current smoker and 31.7% always chewed betel leaf. Education level indicated strong association with chewing betel leaf on unadjusted (odds ratio = 0.56 [0.39–0.82]) (P < 0.003). Chewing betel leaf (Paan) was significantly associated with the occurrence of periodontal diseases (P = 0.048). In addition, knowledge about cigarette smoking and chewing tobacco increases periodontal diseases indicated strong associations with current smoker as well as betel leaf chewer (P = 0.000). Conclusions: The relationship between smoking and chewing betel leaf and periodontal diseases provide strong evidence that tobacco products could be in a straight line responsible for developing periodontal diseases.
ALLOGENEIC PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND BONE MARROW STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: A SINGLE CENTER STUDY

In this center, from 1991 to 2002, 89 chronic myelogenous leukemic (CML) patients, age ranging between 8-48 years with a median age of 29, underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eighty-eight patients were in the first chronic phase of disease. Twenty-three patients received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and 66 patients received peripheral blood stem cell transplantations (PBSCT). Transplantation was performed at a median interval of 19 months post-diagnosis. All with five exceptions received busulfan + cyclophosphamide (Bu Cy) conditioning regimens. To maintain graft vs. host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, all with three exceptions received cyclosporine + metothrexate. Administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), per protocol, was included in post-transplantation regimens from the year 1999 on 48 patients. All patients received marrow transplantations from sibling donors. Fifty seven of transplanted patients are alive. Disease free survivals (DFS) from 6.2 to 9.5 and from 2.2 to 6.2 years for BMT group were 38.2% and 47.8%, respectively. DFS for PBSCT group was calculated as 54.3% in a period of 1.9 to 4.6 years.
Hepatitis B immunization [editorial]

Hepatitis B is a deoxyribonucleic acid-containing virus able to integrate into the hepatocyte genome. This article discusses the preventive measures in the fight against hepatitis B infection through the Expanded Programme on Immunisation. It describes the benefits of immunization as well as the challenges in delivering this effective health intervention.
Emergence of anthelmintic resistance in an organized sheep farm in Punjab

Anthelmintic resistance against commonly used anthelmintics (ivermectin, levamisole, morantel and fenbendazole) was studied in naturally occurring gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in adult sheep of Government Sheep Breeding Farm at Mattewara in district Ludhiana (punjab). After qualitative and quantitative screening of faeces of 100 sheep, fifty sheep having eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) > 500 were randomly selected and divided into five equal groups. Ivermectin @ 200 Jlg/kg body weight and levamisole @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight, injected subcutaneously, in two different groups, were 93.53 and 90.65 per cent effective, respectively. Whereas, fenbendazole @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight and morantel citrate @ 6.0 mg/kg body weight, orally was 84.17 and 80.58 per cent effective and the fifth group was kept as untreated control with natural exposure to gastrointestinal nematodes. Hence, multiple resistance against all the four class of anthelmintics used was recorded from sheep against GI nematodes.
Disinhibition of Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex After Median Nerve Transection and Reinnervation

Despite state-of-the-art surgical and postoperative treatment, median nerve transection causes lasting impaired hand function due to limitations in the nerve’s reinnervation ability. The defective innervation and thus controllability of the affected hand can shape the brain’s control of manual behaviors. Earlier studies of changes in the processing of tactile stimuli have focused mainly on stimulation of the reinnervated hand and lack sufficient control over the brain’s use of the tactile input in perceptual terms. Here we used fMRI to measure brain activity (BOLD-signal) in 11 people with median nerve injury and healthy controls (N = 11) when performing demanding tactile tasks using the tip of either the index or little finger of either hand. For the nerve-injured group, the left median nerve had been traumatically transected in the distal forearm and surgically repaired on average 8 years before the study. The hand representation of their contralesional (right) primary somatosensory cortex (S1) showed greater activity compared to controls when the left reinnervated index finger was used, but also when the left-hand little finger and the fingers of the right hand innervated by uninjured nerves were used. We argue that the overall increase in activity reflects a general disinhibition of contralesional S1 consistent with an augmented functional reorganizational plasticity being an ongoing feature of chronic recovery from nerve injury. Also, the nerve-injured showed increased activity within three prefrontal cortical areas implicated in higher-level behavioral processing (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, left ventrolateral prefrontal and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), suggesting that processes supporting decision-making and response-selection were computationally more demanding due to the compromised tactile sensibility.
CYSTIC HYDATIDOSIS IN KIDNEY OF SHEEP: PREVALENCE AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as hydatid disease, is a zoonotic disease worldwide, including Saudi Arabia. Echinococcosis is of great importance to human health and has a significant effect on the economies of countries. In current study, total 23902 slaughtered sheep carcasses were examined in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia for the effect of age and sex on the prevalence of infection and the histological examination of kidney. Results of the current study revealed statistically significant difference in the prevalence of kidney hydatidosis in infected sheep. Rate of infection depend on the sex and age, among the investigated kidney samples, female sheep had the highest prevalence of infection as compared to males. Further, in case of sheep age, highest prevalence was reported in the sheep aged more than 2 years while lowest prevalence was reported in sheep aged less than 1 year. The histopathological examination showed sever degeneration in kidney tissues and marked mononuclear infiltrations. Current study provides an insight into sheep infection with kidney cysts suggest that sheep are a potential source of hydatidosis transmission to other animals.
Drainage Collection After Endoscopic-Assisted Transaxillary Dual-Plane Augmentation Mammaplasty Using Cold or Electrosurgical Separation of Interpectoral Space

Background: Endoscopic transaxillary augmentation mammaplasty breast augmentation offers several advantages over other augmentation methods. Nonetheless, this procedure is fraught with some problems, including greater surgical trauma due to the longer separation area. We hypothesized that cold separation of the interpectoral space could reduce surgical injury in comparison to the electrosurgical method. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of endoscopic-assisted transaxillary augmentation mammaplasty using cold separation versus electrosurgical separation of the interpectoral space. Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, cold and electrosurgical separation of the interpectoral space were achieved using a separation shovel and monopolar electrotome, respectively. A total of 20 patients who visited our department in Beijing, China, for primary breast augmentation surgeries from October 1, 2017, and May 31, 2018, were included. The primary outcome was total postoperative drainage volume. The secondary outcomes were operative time, daily drainage volume, daily pain as assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), and reoperation rate. Quantitative data were compared using independent-samples t test. Chi-square test was used to compare 2 classified indexes. Results: The total drainage volume was significantly lower in the cold separation group than in the electrosurgical separation group (170.45 ± 75.40 mL vs 281.05 ± 148.43 mL; P = .005). The VAS score on the first postoperative day was significantly lower in the cold separation group than in the electrosurgical separation group (6.45 ± 1.93 vs 7.55 ± 1.43; P = .048). Two (20%) reoperations owing to postoperative pain or implant stiffness were performed in the electrosurgical separation group. Conclusions: Cold separation is more conducive to reducing drainage, relieving postoperative pain, and causing less damage than the electrosurgical method in endoscopic-assisted transaxillary dual-plane augmentation mammaplasty.
The Long Non-Coding RNA SBF2-AS1 Exerts Oncogenic Functions In Gastric Cancer By Targeting The miR-302b-3p/E2F Transcription Factor 3 Axis

Background and aims Studies show that the long non-coding RNA, SBF2-AS1, plays a critical role in cancer progression, but the role of SBF2-AS1 in gastric cancer has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of SBF2-AS1 in gastric cancer (GC). Methods A meta-analysis, based on the gene expression omnibus database and TCGA dataset was performed to explore the prognostic value of SBF2-AS1 in GC. RT-PCR was also conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic value of SBF2-AS1 in GC. The effect of SBF2-AS1 in GC cell lines was conducted by gain or loss-of-function assays, and the SBF2-AS1 target gene was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatics. Results SBF2-AS1 was overexpressed in GC tissues and cell lines, and SBF2-AS1 overexpression indicated poor overall survival and could serve as an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, knockdown of SBF2-AS1 inhibited cell growth, invasion, and metastasis, promoted apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest. Luciferase reporter and gain- or loss-of-function assays indicated that SBF2-AS1 acted as a competing endogenous (ceRNA) for microRNA (miR)-302b-3p, which blocked the inhibitory effect of miR-302b-3p on the E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3). Conclusion SBF2-AS1 could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in GC, and SBF2-AS1 accelerates tumor progression via the miR-302b-3p/E2F3 axis.