Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Beneficial Bacterial Inoculation on Nitrogen Concentration and Tomato Seedling Growth Under Glasshouse Conditions

Many types of soil bacteria through antagonistic activity, thrive in the rhizosphere of plants or surround the tissues of plants and encourage plant development and reduce the nematode population. Bacteria as such are commonly known as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The purpose of this research was to determine Bacillus spp. inoculations impact on tomato seedling development with varying rates of chemical nitrogen-fertilizer. To minimize the recommended quantity of N fertilizer for tomato seedling development, a small pot experiment with selected PGPB was undertaken with varying amount of N fertilizer. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) labeled as UPMB10 and UPMRB9 (identified as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus tequilensis, respectively) were utilized as microbial inoculants because they showed a significant improvement in seedling growth and N concentration in tomato plant tissues in a pot culture investigation. These microbial inoculants significantly improved the development of the plants, stem length, root length, leaves number, dry weight of shoots (stem, leaves), dry weight of roots, SPAD value, N concentration in tissues, and soil bacterial population. Bacteria-treated seedlings with 50% N fertilizer significantly increased stem length (69.07%), root length (78.51%), leaves number (68.58%), shoots (92.45%, 90.39%, stem and leaves, respectively), roots (73.33%), SPAD value (50.31%), and N concentration in plant tissues (63.79%) as compared to the uninoculated control. The findings also showed that inoculation of the Bacillus spp. tomato seedlings could save up to 50 percent of the recommended rate of chemical N fertilizer without affecting tomato seedling growth. The findings of this study suggest that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer given during tomato seedling development can be reduced by half, resulting in increased soil health and reduced environmental pollution.
Inhibitory potential of phytochemicals on five SARS-CoV-2 proteins: in silico evaluation of endemic plants of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has prompted global health concerns. In response, researchers have been conducting investigations on active compounds in plants that may hold the potential to inhibit the proliferation of the virus. The aim of this study was to simulate and predict structural interactions of selected compounds isolated from 28 endemic plants of Bosnia and Herzegovina against the main protease (Mpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike glycoprotein and uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) of SARS-CoV-2. The majority of compounds, especially hesperidin, showed great binding affinity to the target proteins. The highest affinity for Mpro was observed for genistein and hesperidin, while in terms of structural interactions, both compounds achieved interactions of interest. Hesperidin and luteolin were the compounds with the highest binding affinity for PLpro, but no significant interactions were observed. For RdRp, hesperidin and quercetin showed the highest binding affinity, where both compounds formed interactions of interest. Hesperidin and fisetin were the compounds with the highest binding affinity for spike glycoprotein, and both compounds achieved significant interactions. The highest affinity for NendoU was obtained for hesperidin and isorhamnetin, where both compounds formed interactions of interest. Although these findings appear encouraging, further research is needed, which includes in vitro and in vivo assessments, along with clinical trials, to provide evidence for the potential therapeutic uses of these plants.
Prevalence of Neuromuscular Diseases in Young South Korean Males; A Korean Military Manpower Administration and Medical Command Data-Based Study

Background and Purpose All young males in South Korea must undergo a physical examination for their participation in military service. We aimed to determine the prevalence rate (PR) of various neuromuscular diseases in young South Korean males using the data of exempted patients and soldiers. Methods The number of males exempted based on specific items of physical examination corresponding to neuromuscular disease during 2011–2020 were obtained from the records of the Military Manpower Administration. The list of enlisted soldier patients who were discharged from military service due to neuromuscular diseases during 2011–2020 was obtained from the Armed Forces Medical Command, and their medical records were reviewed. Results The PR of neuromuscular diseases was calculated among 948 identified males: 713 exempted males and 235 soldiers. The PRs of overall hereditary neuropathies, Hirayama disease (HD), myasthenia gravis (MG), and inherited muscle diseases in South Korean males in their early 20s were 8.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.39–9.30), 5.54 (95% CI, 4.76–6.32), 2.97 (95% CI, 2.40–3.55), and 10.38 (95% CI, 9.31–11.46) per 100,000 persons, respectively. Among the enlisted soldiers, hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy was the most common neuromuscular disease, with a prevalence among the enlisted soldiers of 3.11 (95% CI, 2.42–3.80) per 100,000 persons. Myotonic dystrophy was the most prevalent myopathy, followed by facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Conclusions The 10-year PRs of hereditary polyneuropathies, HD, MG, and inherited muscle diseases in young South Korean males have been reported. These data could be valuable to understanding each neuromuscular disease in the young male population of South Korea.
The Influence of the Equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the Global Circulation at 50 mb

Abstract Monthly mean Northern Hemisphere 50 mb geopotential heights for a 16-year period (1962-77) are composited with respect to the phase of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The observed zonal mean geopotential height at high latitudes is significantly lower during the westerly phase of the equatorial QBO than during the easterly phase in all months composited. For this 16-year sample we find that in early winter (November-December) the amplitude of planetary wavenumber 1 is nearly 40% stronger during the easterly phase of the equatorial QBO. In late winter (January-March) the amplitude of planetary wavenumber 2, on the other hand, is nearly 60% stronger during the westerly phase of the equatorial QBO. Data from an additional 6-year sample show a similar wavenumber 1 signal during the November-December period. However, an additional 4-year sample does not support our conclusions concerning wavenumber 2 during the January-March period. Composites based on zonal wind data from a longitudi.
Unsteady Free Surface Flow Around Hydrofoils

The unsteady two dimensional free surface motion produced by a submerged body in a uniform stream is studied in the potential flow approximation. The Laplace equation governing the irrotational flow of an incompressible fluid is solved by using a boundary element representation for the velocity potential. A Neumann condition is assigned on the body contour and a Dinchlet condition is used on the free surface. Results obtained for several geometrical configurations are in good agreement with available theoretical, numerical, and experimental data.
A novel bias in managers' allocation of bonuses to teams: Emphasis on team size instead of team contribution

How should managers supervising multiple teams allocate bonuses — based on each team's size or based on each team's contribution? According to the commonly accepted equity norm for allocating rewards, managers should distribute bonuses based on the relative contributions of the team. In contrast, we propose that managers are instead distracted by the number of employees in each team and neglect team contribution highlighted in the equity norm. Pilot Studies 1 and 2 confirmed that in both individual-and team-based bonus allocation situations, people preferred and actually allocated rewards according to the equity norm rather than the equality norm or the need norm when only contribution was manipulated. However, Study 1, a laboratory experiment, revealed that individuals assigned to the role of a manager allocated more bonuses to the larger team even though the two teams' actual work output (in terms of the number of units of work completed) was nearly identical. Study 2 replicated the key findings of Study 1 using a sample of managers supervising teams in organizations. Study 3 developed an information nudge — highlighting the team contribution — that reduced this bias. Together, these studies indicate a novel team-size bias that creeps in when managers allocate rewards to multiple teams and document an information nudge to reduce this bias.
ASSESSMENT OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN GROUNDNUT PRODUCTION IN HAWUL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

The study assessed women participation in groundnut production in Hawul local government area of Borno State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used in drawing 100 respondents for this study. Information was collected using structured questioners. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data, description statistics used include: frequencies, means and percentages, the inferential statistics used was multiple regression model. The farm size of women in groundnut production where that majority (54%) had less than 5ha, 23% had 9 to 12ha, 12% had 9 to 12ha and 9% had 13 to 16ha. The cultivated/ yield of groundnut produced by women where majority of 51% obtained 6 to 10 bags of unshelled groundnut, 37% gained11 to 15 bags, 12% had 1 to 5 bags. Farming experience was found out to be 45% had 9 to 12 years, 25% had 4 to 8 and the least 7% had 17 years and above. It was discovered that 78% had no extension contact, 22% had no access. For access to credit, 69% had access to credit and 31 had no access. The participation of women in ground nut production were accessed and presented in percentages and also ranked. It was gathered that; seed sorting, storage of harvested groundnut, land clearing was having the highest participation (78, 76 and 74) (1st 2nd and 3rd). The least where marketing, oil extraction and value addition (48, 45 and 43) (10th, 11th and 12th). The most problem faced by women in groundnut production where; gender biasness in accessing loan, societal setbacks, restricting accessing to farm land (97, 96, and 95) (1st 2nd and 3rd). The least problem faced where; climate change, poor extension services and theft (96, 72 and 68) (8th 9th and 10th). All the socio-economic variable were positive and significant at P≤0.01 and P≤0.05. Young women constituted the majority of women in groundnut production. It was recommended that government should create an avenue where the groundnut farmers can receive financial support; Access to credit and access to extension where very poor; and policy makers should provide adequate credit facilities and access to extension.
The Role of Money: What it Should Be, Contrasted with What it Has Become

1. The Philosophic Background 2. The Theory of Money 3. The Evolution of Modern Money 4. Money As It Now Is 5. International Economic Relations 6. Physical Requirements of a Money System 7. Debts and Debt Redemption 8. The Practical Situation 9. Honesty Is The Best Monetary Policy
Instability in longitudinal sleep duration predicts cognitive impairment in aged participants of the Seattle Longitudinal Study

Importance. Sleep disturbances and clinical sleep disorders are associated with all-cause dementia and neurodegenerative conditions. It remains unclear how longitudinal changes in sleep impact the incidence of cognitive impairment. Objective. To evaluate how longitudinal sleep patterns contribute to age-related changes in cognitive function in healthy adults. Design, Setting, Participants. This study utilizes retrospective longitudinal analyses of a community-based study within Seattle, evaluating self-reported sleep (1993-2012) and cognitive performance (1997-2020) in aged adults. Main Outcomes and Measures. The main outcome is cognitive impairment as defined by sub-threshold performance on 2 of 4 neuropsychological batteries: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, Trail Making Test B, and Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale (Revised). Sleep duration was defined through self-report of ' average nightly sleep duration over the last week ' and assessed longitudinally. Median sleep duration, change in sleep duration (slope), variability in sleep duration (standard deviation, Sleep Variability), and sleep phenotype ('' Short Sleep '' median [≤] 7hrs.; '' Medium Sleep '' median = 7hrs; '' Long Sleep'' median [≥] 7hrs.). Results. A total of 822 individuals (mean age of 76.2 years [11.8]; 466 women [56.7%]; 216 APOE allele positive [26.3%]) were included in the study. Analysis using a Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model (concordance 0.70) showed that increased Sleep Variability (95% CI [1.27,3.86]) was significantly associated with the incidence of cognitive impairment. Further analysis using linear regression prediction analysis (R2=0.201, F (10, 168)=6.010, p=2.67E-07) showed that high Sleep Variability ({beta} =0.3491; p=0.048) was a significant predictor of cognitive impairment over a 10-year period. Conclusions and Relevance. High variability in longitudinal sleep duration was significantly associated with the incidence of cognitive impairment and predictive of decline in cognitive performance ten years later. These data highlight that instability in longitudinal sleep duration may contribute to age-related cognitive decline.
Evaluating the effects of supervised consumption sites on housing prices in Montreal, Canada using controlled interrupted time series and hedonic price models

Background: In 2017, three brick and mortar supervised consumption sites (SCS) began operating in Montreal, Canada. Opponents argued the sites would attract people who use drugs to the respective neighbourhoods, contributing to reductions in residential real estate values. Methods: We used controlled interrupted time series and hedonic price models to evaluate the effects of Montreal's SCSs on residential real estate. We linked the Quebec Professional Association of Real Estate Brokers' housing sales data provided by Centris Inc. with Statistics Canada's census tract data, neighbourhood proximity measures, and Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium's gentrification measures. We restricted analysis to sales between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2021, and within 1,000m of a SCS (treated) or a men's homeless shelter (control). We controlled for internal (e.g., number of bed/bathrooms, unit size) and external attributes (e.g., neighbourhood demographics; proximity to amenities), and included a spatio-temporal lag to account for correlation between sales. Results: When controlling for census tract data and gentrification measures, the price of homes sold immediately after SCSs were implemented was 5.2% lower (95% CI: -1.4%, -8.8%) compared with control sales (level effect). However, the monthly value increased 0.6% faster (95% CI: 0.4%, 0.7%) in treated neighbourhoods (trend effect). Compared with the counterfactual (i.e., SCS never implemented), sales in treated neighbourhoods observed an absolute increase of $37,931.86 (95% CI: $12,223.35, $138,088.50) by December 2021. When we also controlled for proximity scores, the immediate level effect post-implementation disappeared (-3.3%, 95% CI: -0.7%, 1.1%), but monthly trend gains persisted (0.9%, 95% CI: 0.7%, 1.0%). Conclusion: We observed a modest negative effect on prices immediately following SCS implementation. However, controlling for proximity to neighbourhood amenities eliminated the level effect. Positive month-on-month price gains were consistently observed, suggesting community wide benefits of SCS implementation.
Large scale phenotyping of long COVID inflammation reveals mechanistic subtypes of disease

One in ten SARS-CoV-2 infections result in prolonged symptoms termed "long COVID", yet disease phenotypes and mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the blood proteome of 719 adults, grouped by long COVID symptoms. Elevated markers of monocytic inflammation and complement activation were associated with increased likelihood of all symptoms. Elevated IL1R2, MATN2 and COLEC12 associated with cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue, and anxiety/depression, while elevated MATN2 and DPP10 associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and elevated C1QA was associated with cognitive impairment (the proteome of those with cognitive impairment and GI symptoms being most distinct). Markers of neuroinflammation distinguished cognitive impairment whilst elevated SCG3, indicative of brain-gut axis disturbance, distinguished those with GI symptoms. Women had a higher incidence of long COVID and higher inflammatory markers. Symptoms did not associate with respiratory inflammation or persistent virus in sputum. Thus, persistent inflammation is evident in long COVID, distinct profiles being associated with specific symptoms.
Associations of longitudinal BMI percentile classification patterns in early childhood with neighborhood-level social determinants of health

Background: Understanding social determinants of health (SDOH) that may be risk factors for childhood obesity is important to developing targeted interventions to prevent obesity. Prior studies have examined these risk factors, mostly examining obesity as a static outcome variable. Objectives: This study aimed to identify distinct subpopulations based on BMI percentile classification or changes in BMI percentile classifications over time and explore these longitudinal associations with neighborhood-level SDOH factors in children from 0 to 7 years of age. Methods: Using Latent Class Growth (Mixture) Modelling (LCGMM) we identify distinct BMI% classification groups in children from 0 to 7 years of age. We used multinomial logistic regression to study associations between SDOH factors with each BMI% classification group. Results: From the study cohort of 36,910 children, five distinct BMI% classification groups emerged: always having obesity (n=429; 1.16%), overweight most of the time (n=15,006; 40.65%), increasing BMI% (n=9,060; 24.54%), decreasing BMI% (n=5,058; 13.70%), and always normal weight (n=7,357; 19.89%). Compared to children in the decreasing BMI% and always normal weight groups, children in the other three groups were more likely to live in neighborhoods with higher rates of poverty, unemployment, crowded households, and single-parent households, and lower rates of preschool enrollment. Conclusions: Neighborhood-level SDOH factors have significant associations with children's BMI% classification and changes in classification over time. This highlights the need to develop tailored obesity interventions for different groups to address the barriers faced by communities that can impact the weight and health of the children living within them.
Long-term efficacy of the peptide-based COVID-19 T cell activator CoVac-1 in healthy adults

Background: T cell immunity is key for the control of viral infections including SARS-CoV-2, in particular with regard to immune memory and protection against arising genetic variants. Method: We recently evaluated a peptide-based SARS-CoV-2 T cell activator termed CoVac-1 in a first-in-human clinical trial and observed a favorable safety profile and induction of poly-specific T cell responses until month 3. Here, we report on long-term safety and efficacy data of CoVac-1 in healthy adults until month 12. Findings: CoVac-1 is well tolerated without long-term immune-related side effects and induces long-lasting anti-viral T cell responses in 100% of study participants. Potent expandability of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells targeting multiple different CoVac-1 T cell epitopes was observed 6 and 12 months after one single dose of CoVac-1. T cell responses were associated with the severity and the number of local adverse events at injection site. Beyond induction of T cell immunity, 89% of study participants developed CoVac-1-specific IgG antibody titers which associated with the intensity of the T cell response, indicating that CoVac-1-specific CD4+ T cells support the induction of B cell responses. Vaccination with approved COVID-19 vaccines boosted CoVac-1-specific T cell responses. Overall, a low SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was observed in the study population (8.3% of participants until month 12). Interpretation: Together, a single application of CoVac-1 elicits long-lived and broad SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity, which further supports the current evaluation of our T cell activator in patients with congenital or acquired B cell defects (NCT04954469). Funding: This trial is funded by the Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Wuerttemberg. , Germany
A Cross-Sectional Study to Investigate the Prevalence of Self-Medication of Non-Opioid Analgesics Among Medical Students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia

Purpose Self-medication (SM) using non-opioid analgesics (NOA) is contentious and increasingly recognized as a major public health concern with severe consequences, including masking of malignant and fatal diseases, risk of misdiagnosis, problems relating to over- and under-dosing, drug interactions, incorrect dosage, and choice of therapy. Herein, we aim to determine the prevalence of SM with NOA among pharmacy and medical students at Unaizah College, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study using a validated self-administered questionnaire was conducted on 709 pharmacy and medicine students belonging to an age group of 21–24 years from Unaizah Colleges. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results Of 709 participants, 635 responded to the questionnaire. Our results showed a prevalence percentage of 89.6% using self-medicated NOA for pain management. The most common factor leading to SM in NOA was the mild nature of the illness (50.6%), and headache/migraine (66.8%) was the dominant health problem. Paracetamol (acetaminophen, 73.7%) was the most commonly used analgesic, followed by ibuprofen (16.5%). The most common and reliable sources of drug information were pharmacists (51.5%). Conclusion We observed a high rate of SM for NOA among undergraduate students. We believe that the adverse consequences of SM could be controlled through educational, regulatory, and administrative strategies by providing appropriate awareness sessions, and the role of pharmacists should be highlighted in preventing SM from NOA.