Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elastic electron scattering from CF3H and CF3I

We present experimental differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of electrons from CF3H and CF3I for scattering angles from 10° or 20° up to 180° at incident electron energies of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 eV. We also estimate integral and momentum transfer cross sections with the present measurement of differential cross sections as well as with our previous (Varella et al 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 022702 for CF3H; Kitajima et al 2002 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35 3257 for CF3I) differential cross section sets for both molecules. The agreement with the previous results is generally good with a few exceptions.
Dynamic susceptibility and dynamic correlations in spin ice

Here we calculate the dynamic susceptibility and dynamic correlation function in spin ice using the model of emergent magnetic monopoles. Calculations are based on a method originally suggested for the description of dynamic processes in water ice (non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach). We show that for the dynamic correlation function reproduces the transverse dipole correlations (static correlation function) characteristic of spin ice in its ground state and explains in what sense spin ice is non-ergodic. At non-zero temperatures the dynamic correlation function includes an additional longitudinal component which decreases as the temperature decreases. Both terms (transverse and longitudinal) exhibit identical Debye-like dependences on frequency but with different relaxation times: the magnetic Coulomb interaction of monopoles reduces the longitudinal relaxation time with respect to the transverse one. We calculate the dielectric function analogue for the magnetic monopole gas and discuss how the non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach exposes corrections to the Debye-Hückel theory of magnetic monopoles and the concept of “entropic charge”.
Aspects of weakening in granular assemblies

We study numerical simulations of large (N~10^4) two-dimensional quasi-static granular assemblies subjected to a slowly increasing deviator stress. We report some peculiarities in the behavior of these packings that have not yet been adressed. The number of sliding contacts is not necessarily related to stability: first the number of sliding contacts rises linearly and smoothly with the applied stress. Then, at approximately half the peak stress, the increase slows down, a plateau develops, and a decrease follows.
The Surprisingly Steep Mass Profile of A1689, from a Lensing Analysis of Subaru Images

Subaru observations of A1689 (z = 0.183) are used to derive an accurate, model-independent mass profile for the entire cluster, r ≲ 2 Mpc h-1, by combining magnification bias and distortion measurements. The projected mass profile steepens quickly with increasing radius, falling away to zero at r ~ 1.0 Mpc h-1, well short of the anticipated virial radius. Our profile accurately matches the inner profile, r ≲ 200 kpc h-1, derived from deep Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) images. The combined ACS and Subaru information is well fitted by a Navarro-Frenk-White profile with virial mass, (1.93 ± 0.20) × 1015 M☉, and surprisingly high concentration, cvir = 13.7, significantly larger than theoretically expected (cvir ≃ 4), corresponding to a relatively steep overall profile. A slightly better fit is achieved with a steep power-law model, d log Σ(θ)/d log θ ≃ -3, with a core θc ≃ 1. ′7 (rc ≃ 210 kpc h-1), whereas an isothermal profile is strongly rejected. These results are based on a reliable sample of background galaxies selected to be redder than the cluster E/S0 sequence. By including the faint blue galaxy population, a much smaller distortion signal is found, demonstrating that blue cluster members significantly dilute the true signal for r ≲ 400 kpc h-1. This contamination is likely to affect most weak lensing results to date.
Age and Metallicity Estimation of Globular Clusters from Strömgren Photometry

We present a new technique for the determination of age and metallicity in composite stellar populations using Strömgren filters. Using principal component (PC) analysis on multicolor models, we isolate the range of values necessary to uniquely determine age and metallicity effects. The technique presented here can only be applied to old (τ>3 Gyr) stellar systems composed of simple stellar populations, such as globular clusters and elliptical galaxies. Calibration using new photometry of 40 globular clusters with spectroscopic [Fe/H] values and main‐sequence–fitted ages links the PC values to the Strömgren colors, for an accuracy of 0.2 dex in metallicity and 0.5 Gyr in age.
On the nature of pulsar radio emission

A theory of pulsar radio emission generation, in which the observed waves are produced directly by maser-type plasma instabilities operating at the anomalous cyclotron--Cherenkov resonance ο k∥ v∥+ οBγres=0 and the Cherenkov drift resonance ο - k∥ v∥- k⊥ ud =0, is capable of explaining the main observational characteristics of pulsar radio emission. The instabilities are due to the interaction of the fast particles from the primary beam and the tail of the distribution with the normal modes of a strongly magnetized one-dimensional electron--positron plasma. The waves emitted at these resonances are vacuum-like, electromagnetic waves that may leave the magnetosphere directly. In this model, the cyclotron--Cherenkov instability is responsible for the core-emission pattern and the Cherenkov drift instability produces conal emission. The conditions for the development of the cyclotron--Cherenkov instability are satisfied for both typical and millisecond pulsars provided that the streaming energy of the bulk plasma is not very high γp≈ 10. In a typical pulsar the cyclotron--Cherenkov and Cherenkov drift resonances occur in the outer parts of the magnetosphere at rres, ≈ 109cm. This theory can account for various aspects of pulsar phenomenology, including the morphology of the pulses, their polarization properties and their spectral behaviour. We propose several observational tests for the theory. The most prominent prediction is the high altitudes of the emission region and the linear polarization of conal emission in the plane orthogonal to the local osculating plane of the magnetic field.
Distribution of mechanical energy fractions during maximal ergometer rowing

The assessment of mechanical energy expenditure (MEE) during human movement is an essential step in the determination of the proficiency of the movement. Dynamics methods of estimating M E E have their derivation in the sources of M E E , the joint forces and moments, and are less arbitrary about the rules governing energy compensation when compared with instantaneous segment energy methods. Further, dynamics methods enable the exercise scientist to attribute energy costs and savings to particular body segments, sources and mechanisms. This thesis describes the application of a dynamics method (Aleshinsky, 1986a-e) to the mechanical energy analysis of maximal ergometer rowing. A two-dimensional, nine-segment mathematical model of the rower was constructed and implemented in a computer program which allowed the estimation of M E E and associated energy transfers within and between segments. Ten female rowers (national, n= 5; club, n=5) performed a six minute maximal rowing test while the position of the joints, the handle and foot stretcher forces and the activation of eight major muscle groups were measured. Total M E E , moment M E E , and all energy fractions were quantified for each minute of the test. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences between the groups and over time. National level rowers used significantly less moment M E E per joule of external work than the club level rowers. Both groups of rowers demonstrated a significant trend over time of an increasing moment M E E per joule of external work. The origin of these differences was distributed among a number of factors such as the amount of energy dissipation due to the joint moments and degree of useful energy transfers. The muscle activation patterns supported the view that the two joint muscle action is timed to produce further economies in the motion. The analysis of energy transfers revealed mechanisms by which the two groups of rowers achieved their particular economies and thus had practical usefulness to rowers. However, the magnitudes of the compensation coefficients and the quantities of energy transfers may not be accurate indicators of energy economy when considered in isolation.
Can BLUP and REML be improved upon

Nonlinear, biased estimators and predictors of the James-Stein form are compared numerically with ML estimation of fixed effects and BLUP prediction. At least in some situations considered, it appears that considerable improvement can be achieved in terms of conditional mean squared error and conditional absolute error. The possibility of improving upon REML using Bayesian methods is raised. Methods for deriving the exact posterior distribution of heritability in an animal model and either exact or approximate marginal posterior distributions of variance components are discussed. INTRODUCTION
Fourier modal method for the description of nanoparticle lattices in the dipole approximation

Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is a very effective tool for the studying optical properties of multilayered vertically invariant periodic structures. However, it fails to deal with arrays of small particles because of high gradients in a local field. In this thesis, we implement discrete dipole approximation (DDA) for the construction of scattering matrices of arrays of resonant nanoparticles. This strongly speeds up the calculations and therefore provides an opportunity for thorough consideration of various layered structures with small periodic inclusions in terms of the RCWA. We study in detail three main stages of the method: calculation of polarizability tensor of a single nanoparticle, effective polarizability of this particle in a lattice and corresponding scattering matrix of the layer for further integration in the conventional RCWA approach. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method by considering plasmonic lattices embedded in a homogeneous ambiance and placed inside and onto optical waveguides and compare our results with experimental papers. Such phenomena as localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and lattice plasmon resonances (LPRs) are observed as well as their hybridization with photonic guided modes. High accuracy and fast convergence of our approach are shown by a comparison with other computational approaches. Typical limits of applicability of our approximate method are determined by an exploration of the dependence of its error on the parameters of the structure.
Quark matter under rotation in the NJL model with vector interaction

We study the chiral phase transition of quark matter under rotation in two-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. It is found that, in the rotating frame, the angular velocity plays the similar role as the baryon chemical potential and suppresses the chiral condensate, thus the chiral phase transition shows a critical end point not only in the temperature-chemical potential $T\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}$ plane, but also in the temperature-angular momentum $T\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\omega}$ plane. One interesting observation is that in the $T\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}$ plane, the presence of the angular momentum only shifts down the critical temperature ${T}^{E}$ of the CEP and does not shift the critical chemical potential ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{E}$, and in the $T\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\omega}$ plane, the increase of the chemical potential only shifts down the critical temperature ${T}^{E}$ and does not change the critical angular momentum ${\ensuremath{\omega}}^{E}$. The phase structure in the $T\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}$ plane is sensitive to the coupling strength in the vector channel, while the phase structure in $T\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\omega}$ plane is not. It is also observed that the rotating angular velocity suppresses the kurtosis of the baryon number fluctuations, while it enhances the pressure density, energy density, the specific heat, and the sound velocity.
Investigation of gamma-ray sensitivity of neutron detectors based on thin converter films

Currently, many detector technologies for thermal neutron detection are in development in order to lower the demand for the rare 3He gas. Gas detectors with solid thin film neutron converters readout by gas proportional counter method have been proposed as an appropriate choice for applications where large area coverage is necessary. In this paper, we investigate the probability for γ-rays to generate a false count in a neutron measurement. Simulated results are compared to measurement with 10B thin film prototypes and a 3He detector. It is demonstrated that equal γ-ray rejection to that of 3He tubes is achieved with the new technology. The arguments and results presented here are also applicable to gas detectors with converters other than solid 10B layers, such as 6Li layers and 10BF3 gas.
Star cluster formation history along the minor axis of the Large Magellanic Cloud

We analysed Washington CMT1 photometry of star clusters located along the minor axis of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), from the LMC optical centre up to ∼39° outwards to the North-West. The data base was exploited in order to search for new star cluster candidates, to produce cluster CMDs cleaned from field star contamination and to derive age estimates for a statistically complete cluster sample. We confirmed that 146 star cluster candidates are genuine physical systems, and concluded that an overall ∼30 per cent of catalogued clusters in the surveyed regions are unlikely to be true physical systems. We did not find any new cluster candidates in the outskirts of the LMC (deprojected distance ≳ 8°). The derived ages of the studied clusters are in the range 7.2 < log(t yr-1) ≤ 9.4, with the sole exception of the globular cluster NGC 1786 (log(t yr-1) = 10.10). We also calculated the cluster frequency for each region, from which we confirmed previously proposed outside-in formation scenarios. In addition, we found that the outer LMC fields show a sudden episode of cluster formation (log(t yr-1) ∼7.8-7.9) which continued until log(t yr-1) ∼7.3 only in the outermost LMC region. We link these features to the first pericentre passage of the LMC to the Milky Way (MW), which could have triggered cluster formation due to ram pressure interaction between the LMC and MW halo.
Corrective Feedback Makes a Difference in Preadolescents with ADHD: A Pilot Study in Basic Cognitive Tasks

The literature has shown that preadolescents with ADHD might benefit from specific actions such as the presence of corrective feedback during a task. In order to examine these effects, a sample of preadolescents was selected and divided into two groups: a control group and a target group with ADHD. Participants had to perform a decision-making task, with a counterbalanced design, presented in blocks with and without corrective feedback. Two different analysis procedures were carried out: the traditional student’s t-test and an ex-Gaussian fit. The reaction times were much lower for in the feedback block than in the control blocks, as well as in the control group than in the adolescents with ADHD. The difference in feedback reached or approached a statistically significant level, however, the difference between the control and ADHD group did not show statistical significance (except for accuracy under feedback condition). In terms of component distribution analysis, a specific parameter, named τ , was much lower for the feedback condition and for the control group.
Do bacterial vaccines/adjuvants prevent wheezing episodes in children?

Purpose of review To discuss recently discovered mechanisms of action of some bacterial vaccines that may account for their clinical benefit in the prevention of recurrent wheezing and asthma exacerbations in infants and early childhood. Recent findings Trained immunity has been shown to confer innate immune cells with a quite long-term nonspecific protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Inducers of trained immunity include some bacterial vaccines. Trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV) of bacterial origin have the capability to induce nonspecific responses to a variety of pathogens, including respiratory viruses, in addition to their nominal bacterial antigens. Clinical data, from epidemiological surveys to well designed randomized clinical trials, indicate that TIbV formulated with bacteria prevent respiratory tract infections of viral cause, such as those associated with recurrent wheezing or asthma exacerbation, in children. Administration of these vaccines by the mucosal route may be important for their outcome in respiratory infections. Summary Mucosal bacterial immunotherapy, including certain TIbV, confer protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens, such as viruses, through a mechanism mediated by trained immunity. Clinical studies on the use of these preparations against recurrent wheezing reflect these mechanistic effects. These findings open a new avenue for the development of new strategies for this condition.
Design and performance of the Hotrod melt-tip ice-drilling system

Abstract. We introduce the design and performance of an electrothermal ice-drilling system designed to insert a temperature sensor cable into ice. The melt tip is relatively simple and low-cost, designed for a one-way trip to the ice–bed interface. The drilling system consists of a melt tip, umbilical cable, winch, interface, power supply, and support items. The melt tip and the winch are the most novel elements of the drilling system, and we make the hardware and electrical designs of these components available open-access. Tests conducted in a laboratory indicate that the melt tip has an electrical energy to forward melting heat transfer efficiency of ∼35 % with a theoretical maximum penetration rate of ∼12 m h−1at maximum 6.0 kW power. In contrast, ice-sheet testing suggests the melt tip has an analogous heat transfer efficiency of ∼15 % with a theoretical maximum penetration rate of ∼6 m h−1. We expect the efficiency gap between laboratory and field performance to decrease with increasing operator experience. Umbilical freeze-in due to borehole refreezing is the primary depth-limiting factor of the drilling system. Enthalpy-based borehole refreezing assessments predict refreezing below critical umbilical diameter in ∼4 h at −20 ∘C ice temperatures and ∼20 h at −2 ∘C. This corresponds to a theoretical depth limit of up to ∼200 m, depending on firn thickness, ice temperature, and operator experience.
Optimal Banking and Deposit Insurance with Delegated Monitoring

A large number of firms with risky projects requires external funding from lenders. The realized return of the firms is private information. We adopt the costly-state-verification model by Townsend (1979) to elaborate the delegated monitoring model (Diamond, 1984) of financial intermediation, but with three novelties. First, agents cannot commit to their verification strategy. Second, lenders may be risk averse. Third, we allow aggregate uncertainty and introduce a charter system. Static bank contracts are socially beneficial without aggregate uncertainty, but they may not be so if there is significant aggregate uncertainty. The beneficial role is retained with the charter system and dynamic bank contracts, even with aggregate uncertainty. They also provide more financial stability than static ones. Two banking regulations are shown to be optimal. Regulation Q can be optimal if the regulator wants to minimize dead weight loss from verification when a monopoly bank competes with potential direct contracts. Deposit insurance can be welfare-improving if the dynamic bank contract is not financially stable.
Determining prognostic factors and optimal surgical intervention for early-onset triple-negative breast cancer

Background Few studies have focused specifically on prognostic factors and optimal surgical intervention for early-onset triple-negative breast cancer (eTNBC), which is characterized by high malignancy and poor prognosis. Methods We performed a cohort study with a median follow-up of 31 months using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data of patients diagnosed with stages I–III eTNBC between 2010 and 2016. In addition, we collected cases between 2006 and 2016 from our center as an external validation set. Clinical features, pathologic characteristics and oncologic outcomes were analyzed. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were determined by Cox proportional hazards analyses and were incorporated into the prognostic nomogram. Subgroup analysis based on propensity score matching method was conducted to explore the subset of patients that would benefit from breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Results Based on SEER dataset, patients with eTNBC were more likely to undergo mastectomy than BCT. On multivariable analysis, patients with better survival outcomes were those not married, uninsured, had higher T and N stage, and had histological type of mixed invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma. The prognostic nomogram based on these variables successfully predicted the 3- and 5-year BCSS (C-index in training cohort, 0.774; in validation cohort from SEER, 0.768; in validation cohort from our center, 0.723). Subgroup analysis illustrated that patients with T1N0M0 or T2-4N+M0 tumors who underwent BCT achieved longer overall survival than those who underwent mastectomy (for T1N0M0, P = 0.022; for T2-4N+M0, P = 0.003); however, the type of surgery did not influence OS among patients with T1N+M0 or T2-4N0M0 tumors (for T1N+M0, P = 0.305; for T2-4N0M0, P = 0.317). Conclusions The prognosis of patients with eTNBC is mainly affected by marital status, insurance status, T stage, N stage and histological type. The prognostic nomogram based on these factors is quite reliable. Subgroup analysis suggested that BCT may be a superior option for patients with eTNBC, especially those with T1N0M0 and T2-4N+M0 tumors.
A diary study on the moderating role of leader-member exchange on the relationship between job characteristics, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion

Job characteristics play an essential role for the well-being of employees. When job characteristics are unfavorable, the experienced exchange relationship with one’s supervisor (i.e., leader-member exchange, LMX) may become relevant to weaken negative consequences. We conducted a diary study over ten consecutive working days with 112 academics. Based on conservation of resources theory, we assumed that daily LMX constitutes a resource for employees that moderates the link between job characteristics (job control and time pressure) and job satisfaction as well as emotional exhaustion. Additionally, we proposed lagged-effects of morning job characteristics and LMX on next-day morning job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Findings from hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) demonstrated that on the day-level higher perceived levels of job control in the morning were associated with higher perceived job satisfaction and lower perceived emotional exhaustion in the afternoon. The experience of increased time pressure in the morning was negatively related to perceived day-level afternoon job satisfaction and positively to perceived day-level afternoon emotional exhaustion. Within one day, perceived LMX moderated the relationship between perceived job control and perceived job satisfaction in the afternoon. We only found lagged effects of the interaction between afternoon job control and afternoon LMX on next-day morning job satisfaction. We discuss daily LMX as a resource for employees both within one day and from day-to day, along with future research directions on the buffering role of LMX.