Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Case of Mucormycosis Death at a Tertiary Hospital in Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal

Fungal infection is mucormycosis, commonly known as black fungus, caused by severe fungal infection developing an epidemic within a global pandemic of COVID-19. Nepal has reported the first cases of black fungus that mostly re-ported thousands of COVID-19 patients in neighboring countries of India. Therefore, the government of Nepal should be developed for an identification protocol to ensure effective early screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management in the current scenario of Nepal population to tackle against the fungal infection on going global pandemic COVID-19.
THE IMPACT OF STRESS ON SLEEP PATTERN AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN JORDAN: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Good and healthy sleep is essential to the health of the body and mind as well as the memory, well-being, and learning of nursing students. It has been found that stress and sleep are linked as a result of the academic responsibilities of students the level of stress increases and thus affects the quality of sleep. Nursing students are exposed to sleep disorders that affect their academic performance. The effect of stress on sleep quality and academic performance has not been more comprehensively studied in the literature. The main aim of the current study was to determine the impact of stress on the sleep pattern and academic performance of nursing students, in addition to identifying the relationship between them. The current cross-sectional study targeted 320 students from the Faculty of Nursing at Mutah University. Questionnaires were distributed as research tools, which consisted of four parts: A questionnaire related to demographic characteristics and lifestyle, determination of stress levels by Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), sleep quality assessment by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQSI), academic performance is assessed through questions about the overall Grade Point Average (GPA) and all participants were asked to complete their questionnaires accurately. The relationship between study variables was examined using the Pearson Chi-Square test, which is also used to analyze associations between categorical variables. While the test result at p<0.05 is considered statistically significant. The overall PSQI score was obtained for 76% of the participants with a mean of (8.42 ± 3.63), most of the participants 81% reported that their sleep quality was poor and 63% of them reported positive distress on the
Class-wide Positive Behavior Support Plan on Adhering of the Classroom Rules

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Positive Behaviors Support (PBS) plan that was designed after interviews with teachers and Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) on the behavior of obeying classroom rules. The study was conducted in a public school with 3 rd grade students. There were 34 students in the classroom. PBS was implemented as a whole class but the data were collected from one male and one female student who were identified after FBA and consulting with the teacher. Single subject ABAB design was used to examine the effects of PBS intervention. Experts on the field of special education and the teacher planned the study cooperatively and the teacher implemented the plan in the classroom. The PBS package consisted of prevention strategies, classroom rules, routines and reinforcement. The result showed that PBS package, which was enriched by FBA, was effective on increasing students' behavior of obeying classroom rules. Teacher and family opinions support the findings, too.
Best of Both Worlds: Towards Adversarial Robustness with Transduction and Rejection

Both transduction and rejection have emerged as key techniques to enable stronger defenses against adversarial perturbations, but existing work has not investigated the combination of transduction and rejection. Our theoretical analysis shows that combining the two can potentially lead to better guarantees than using transduction or rejection alone. Based on the analysis, we propose a defense algorithm that learns a transductive classifier with the rejection option and also propose a strong adaptive attack for evaluating our defense. The experimental results on MNIST and CIFAR-10 show that it has strong robustness, outperforming existing baselines, including those using only transduction or rejection.
Inner Source C+/O+ Pickup Ions Produced by Solar Wind Recycling, Neutralization, Backscattering, Sputtering, and Sputtering-induced Recycling

Inner source pickup ions (PUIs) are believed to be created by the interaction between the solar wind and interplanetary dust grains. The production mechanism, however, is not well understood. We use the Stopping Range of Ions in Matter and Energetic Particle Radiation Environment Module to simulate the production and transport of inner source C+ and O+ produced by five mechanisms: solar wind recycling, neutralization, backscattering, sputtering, and sputtering-induced recycling. This is the first study to consider backscattering and sputtering-induced recycling. We compare the velocity distribution function (VDF) and C+/O+ abundance ratio to observations from the charge-time-of-flight instrument on board the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory. Observations reveal a new constraint: a broad VDF at 1 au with a possible cutoff near twice the solar wind speed—suggesting that inner source PUIs are injected into the solar wind at near-zero speeds. In light of this constraint and our model-data comparison, backscattering and sputtering-induced recycling satisfy the most production constraints. However, based on intensity, sputtering and sputtering-induced recycling are the dominant mechanisms.
Interaction of microphysics and dynamics in a warm conveyor belt simulated with the ICON model

The representation of warm conveyor belts (WCBs) in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models is important, as they are responsible for the major precipitation in extratropical cyclones and modulate the large-scale ﬂow evolution. Their cross-isentropic ascent into the upper troposphere is inﬂuenced by latent heat release mostly, but not exclusively, from cloud formation whose representation in NWP models is associated with large uncertainties. The diabatic heating additionally mod-iﬁes the potential vorticity (PV) distribution which inﬂuences the circulation. We analyse diabatic heating and associated PV 5 rates from all physics processes, including microphysics, turbulence, convection, and radiation, in a case study of a WCB that occurred during the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment (NAWDEX) campaign using the Icosahe-dral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) modelling framework. In particular, we consider all individual microphysical process rates that are implemented in ICON’s two-moment microphysics scheme, which sheds light on (i) which microphysical processes dominate the diabatic heating and PV structure in the WCB, and thus, potentially inﬂuence the large-scale ﬂow, and (ii) which microphys-10 ical processes are most active during the ascent and inﬂuence cloud formation and characteristics. For this purpose, diabatic heating and PV rates are integrated along online WCB trajectories. Our convection-permitting simulation setup also takes the reduced aerosol concentrations over the North Atlantic into account. Complementary Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives on diabatic heating and PV modiﬁcation conﬁrm that microphysical processes are the dominant diabatic heating contribution during ascent. Near cloud top longwave radiation cools WCB air parcels. Due to the longevity of the WCB cloud band, the 15 diabatic heating contributions from radiation
DIAGNOSTIC EFFICACY OF HIGH RESOLUTION USG COUPLED WITH COLOUR DOPPLER IN SCROTAL SWELLINGS

Background: Acute testicular pain and swelling is an emergency but the overlapping clinical features often hampers the accurate diagnosis of the underlying pathology. Prompt diagnosis and urgent treatment is necessary in such cases. Aim: Assessment of high resolution ultrasound and color Doppler for diagnosis and differentiation of scrotal swellings. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 320 subjects with scrotal swelling. The subjects were evaluated using ultrasonography with high frequency linear array transducer with Colour Doppler. Results: Scrotal swelling most commonly affects subjects in the age group of 30 to 40 years, and least in the age group of 0-10 years. Hydrocele was the most common cause of scrotal swelling. Left side was more commonly affected compared to right, though it may affect bilaterally. Conclusion: High frequency Ultrasonography coupled with Color Doppler is an excellent diagnostic imaging tool for scrotal diseases. Periodic USG scans is recommended for scrotal inflammation to monitor follow-up.
The role of genetics in shellﬁsh restoration

– Restoration of shellﬁsh populations is becoming an increasingly common practice worldwide, as natural ﬁsheries succumb to pressures of overharvesting, habitat loss or degradation, and challenges from invasive competitors and pathogens. Primary genetic concerns relevant to shellﬁsh restoration projects are reviewed, using the cupped oysters Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea virginica as case studies. Molecular genetic tools can be used to delineate the geographic distribution of germ plasm diversity at the species and intraspeciﬁc levels, enabling more informed selection of genetic material for hatchery breeding and production. Maintenance of genetic variability and prevention of excessive inbreeding in hatchery stocks may be facilitated by the use of genetic markers for regular pedigree monitoring. The e ﬀ ect of hatchery supplementation on the e ﬀ ective population size of a recipient wild population (Ryman-Laikre e ﬀ ect) is reviewed in light of the population biology of bivalve molluscs, and appears to be minimal. Deployment of selected enhancement stocks may be a valuable tool for improvement of degraded wild populations, reversing the negative e ﬀ ects of generations of selective harvesting. Molecular genetic tools can be used e ﬀ ectively to monitor restoration programs, when the discriminatory power of the marker(s) is high and high-throughput scoring methods currently available are used.
The Homogeneous Interior-Point Algorithm: Nonsymmetric Cones, Warmstarting, and Applications

Accepted for publication in Mathematical Programming on March 26th, 2014. A homogeneous interior-point algorithm for solving nonsymmetric convex conic optimization problems is presented. Starting each iteration from the vicinity of the central path, the method steps in the approximate tangent direction and then applies a correction phase to locate the next well-centered primal-dual point. Features of the algorithm include that it makes use only of the primal barrier function, that it is able to detect infeasibilities in the problem and that no phase-I method is needed. We prove convergence to accuracy in O(√ν log (1/ )) iterations. To improve performance, the algorithm employs a new Runge-Kutta type second order search direction suitable for the general nonsymmetric conic problem. Moreover, quasi-Newton updating is used to reduce the number of factorizations needed, implemented so that data sparsity can still be exploited. Extensive and promising computational results are presented for the p-cone problem, the facility location problem, entropy maximization problems and geometric programs; all formulated as nonsymmetric convex conic optimization problems.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC OBSTACLES TO AUTOMATION: A CAUTIONARY TALE FROM AT&T IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers, the associate editor, and the editor for comments which significantly sharpened this paper. We also thank audiences at the NBER Economics of AI workshop, Strategy Science Conference, Wharton Corporate Strategy and Innovation Conference, and Columbia Business School Management, Analytics, and Data Conference for comments. We thank Ed Glaeser, Claudia Goldin, Shane Greenstein, Bill Kerr, Frank Levy, and Bob Margo for feedback at early stages of our research on the automation of telephone operation, and Ashish Arora, Sharon Belenzon, Wes Cohen, Kristina McElheran, and especially Victor Bennett for comments on early drafts. We are grateful to Senan Hogan-Hennessy and Greg Saldutte for outstanding research assistance; Elizabeth Crowley, Jesse Benedict, Yves Kertesz, and Amanda LaFauci for help collecting the data; and Harvard Business School for financial support. We especially would like to thank Sheldon Hochheiser and the AT&T Archives and History Center for access to archival records, feedback, and fact-checking. All errors are our own. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Impact of the Nares Strait sea ice arches on the long-term stability of the Petermann Glacier ice shelf

Abstract. One of the last remaining floating tongues of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), the Petermann Glacier ice shelf (PGIS), is seasonally shielded from warm Atlantic water (AW) by the formation of sea ice arches in the Nares Strait. However, continued decline of the Arctic sea ice extent and thickness suggests that arch formation is likely to become anomalous, necessitating an investigation into the response of PGIS to a year-round mobile and thin sea ice cover. We use a high-resolution unstructured grid 3-D ocean–sea ice–ice shelf setup, featuring an improved sub-ice-shelf bathymetry and a realistic PGIS geometry, to investigate in unprecedented detail the implications of transitions in the Nares Strait sea ice regime, that is, from a thick and landfast sea ice regime to a mobile, and further, a thin and mobile sea ice regime, with regard to PGIS basal melt. In all three sea ice regimes, basal melt near the grounding line (GL) presents a seasonal increase during summer, driven by a higher thermal driving. The stronger melt overturning increases the friction velocity slightly downstream, where enhanced friction-driven turbulent mixing further increases the thermal driving, substantially increasing the local melt. As the sea ice cover becomes mobile and thin, wind and (additionally in winter) convectively upwelled AW from the Nares Strait enter the PGIS cavity. While its effect on basal melting is largely limited to the shallower (<200 m) drafts during winter, in summer it extends to the GL (ca. 600 m) depth. In the absence of an increase in thermal driving, increased melting under the deeper (>200 m) drafts in winter is solely driven by the increased vertical shear of a more energetic boundary layer current. A similar behaviour is noted when transitioning from a mobile to a thin mobile sea ice cover in summer, when increases in thermal driving are negligible and increases in melt are congruent with increases in friction velocity. These results suggest that the projected continuation of the warming of the Arctic Ocean until the end of the 21st century and the accompanying decline in the Arctic sea ice extent and thickness will amplify the basal melt of PGIS, impacting the long-term stability of the Petermann Glacier and its contribution to the future GrIS mass loss and sea level rise.
Parametric study and performance improvement of regenerative flow pump considering the modification in blade and casing geometry

Purpose Regenerative flow pump (RFP) is a rotodynamic turbomachine capable of developing high pressure rise at low flow rates. This paper aims to numerically investigate the performance of a regenerative pump considering the modification in blade and casing geometry. Design/methodology/approach The radial blade shape was changed to the bucket form and a core is added to flow path. A parametric study was performed to improve the performance of the pump. Thus, the effect of change in blade angle, chord, height, pitch to chord ratio and also inlet port on the performance of RFP was investigated. Findings Results showed that the modified blade angle to achieve the maximum efficiency is about 41 degree. Also, the most efficient point occurs close to pitch/chord = 0.4 and by reducing the axial chord, efficiency of the pump increases. It was found that better efficiency will be achieved by increasing the “Arc of admission”, but there are limitations of manufacturing. It was observed that the performance curves shifted towards lower flow coefficients by reducing height of blades. Originality/value To improve the characteristics of regenerative pump, the blade shape changed to the bucket form (airfoil blades with identical inlet and outlet angle) and a core is added to flow path. A parametric study has been accomplished to see the influence of some important parameters on the performance of the pump.
A new double structure model for expansive clays

: The behaviour of compacted bentonite upon hydration is numerically investigated here by simulating a swelling pressure test on a MX-80 bentonite sample. Two constitutive models are employed in the analysis: the “Imperial College Single-Structure Model” (ICSSM) and the “Imperial College Double-Structure Model” (ICDSM), the latter specifically developed for expansive clays. It is shown that the latter exhibits a considerably improved performance as it is able to accurately capture the swelling pressure developed in the material upon wetting. Nevertheless, a limited knowledge of the evolution of the material’s fabric, notably at the micro-scale, is an obstacle for deriving with certainty some of the model parameters. This issue is high-lighted here by performing analyses of the swelling pressure test with two sets of material characterisations, with model parameters differing in the derivation of the microstructural component. Both analyses show a very good match with the test data, but it is difficult to justify one set of microstructural parameters over the other. The paper emphasises what aspects of experimental research could be helpful in studying the fabric of compacted bentonite upon wetting, and hence improve the calibration procedure of the double-structure model.
Long-term aerosol particle depolarization ratio measurements with Halo Doppler lidar

It has been demonstrated that Halo Doppler lidars have the capability for retrieving the aerosol particle linear depolarization ratio at a wavelength of 1565 nm. However, the retrieval depends on an accurate representation of the instrumental noise floor and the performance of the internal polarizer, whose stability have not been assessed in long-term 10 operation. Here, we use four years of measurements at four sites in Finland to investigate the long-term performance of Halo Doppler lidars for aerosol particle depolarization ratio retrieval. The instrumental noise level, represented by noise-only signals in aerosol- and hydrometeor- free regions, shows stable performance for most instruments, but clear differences between individual instruments. For all instruments, the polarizer bleed-through evaluated at liquid cloud base remains reasonably constant at approximately 1% with a standard deviation less than 1%. We find these results sufficient for long-term aerosol 15 particle linear depolarization ratio measurements and proceed to analyse the seasonal and diurnal cycles of the aerosol particle depolarization ratio in different environments in Finland including in the Baltic Sea archipelago, boreal forest and rural subarctic. To do so, we further develop the background correction method and construct an algorithm to distinguish aerosol particles from hydrometeors. The four-year averaged aerosol particle depolarization ratio ranges from 0.07 in sub-arctic Sodankylä to 0.13 in the boreal forest in Hyytiälä. At all sites, the aerosol particle depolarization ratio is found to peak during 20 spring and early summer, even exceeding 0.20 at the monthly-mean level, which we attribute to a substantial contribution from pollen. Overall, our observations support the long-term usage of Halo Doppler lidar depolarization ratio including detection of aerosols that may
The Genetic, Functional, and Clinical Characteristics of Dystrophinopathy in a Single Tertiary Pediatric Center in Israel

Objectives: To evaluate the genetic and clinical charac - teristics of boys with Dystrophinopathy at the neuromuscu - lar multidisciplinary clinic of a single tertiary pediatric cen - ter in Israel. Methods: One hundred and sixteen boys with Dystro - phinopathy were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis of DMD or BMD was based on clinical findings and the dystro - phin mutation. Results: The mean age of the entire cohort was 11.3 ± 4.9 years. Exon deletions were detected in 90/116 (77.6%) chil - dren, while 20/116 (17.2%) had single nucleotide variants (SNV), and 6/116 (5.2%) had exon duplications. Twenty-three of 116 (19.8%) children had an affected sibling. Chil - dren with DMD and BMD were diagnosed at the average age of 3.6 ± 2.4 and 5.8 ± 4.4 years respectively. Sixty-six/79 (83.5%) of children with DMD and 14/37 (37.8%) of child - hood BMD were treated with corticosteroids. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors as cardioprotective agents were prescribed for 32/39 (82%) of DMD and 15/23 (65%) of BMD patients. Thirty patients were non-ambulatory. Chil - dren with DMD (n=25) lost ambulation at the age of 11.3, compared to 17.2 years of BMD (n=5), (p<0.01). Conclusion: The clinical and genetic characteristics of an Israeli cohort of DMD and childhood-onset BMD are pre - sented. In our cohort early-onset, BMD is associated with a relatively severe phenotype. Recently, prenatal female carrier screening for DMD was included in the national gov - ernmental health program and its impact on early genetic diagnosis should be investigated in future studies.
Temporal variability of observed and simulated gross primary productivity, modulated by vegetation state and hydrometeorological drivers

Abstract. The gross primary production (GPP) of the terrestrial biosphere is a key source of variability in the global carbon cycle. It is modulated by hydrometeorological drivers (i.e. short-wave radiation, air temperature, vapour pressure deficit and soil moisture) and the vegetation state (i.e. canopy greenness, leaf area index) at instantaneous to interannual timescales. In this study, we set out to evaluate the ability of GPP models to capture this variability. Eleven models were considered, which rely purely on remote sensing data (RS-driven), meteorological data (meteo-driven, e.g. dynamic global vegetation models; DGVMs) or a combination of both (hybrid, e.g. light-use efficiency, LUE, models). They were evaluated using in situ observations at 61 eddy covariance sites, covering a broad range of herbaceous and forest biomes. The results illustrated how the determinant of temporal variability shifts from meteorological variables at sub-seasonal timescales to biophysical variables at seasonal and interannual timescales. RS-driven models lacked the sensitivity to the dominant drivers at short timescales (i.e. short-wave radiation and vapour pressure deficit) and failed to capture the decoupling of photosynthesis and canopy greenness (e.g. in evergreen forests). Conversely, meteo-driven models accurately captured the variability across timescales, despite the challenges in the prognostic simulation of the vegetation state. The largest errors were found in water-limited sites, where the accuracy of the soil moisture dynamics determines the quality of the GPP estimates. In arid herbaceous sites, canopy greenness and photosynthesis were more tightly coupled, resulting in improved results with RS-driven models. Hybrid models capitalized on the combination of RS observations and meteorological information. LUE models were among the most accurate models to monitor GPP across all biomes, despite their simple architecture. Overall, we conclude that the combination of meteorological drivers and remote sensing observations is required to yield an accurate reproduction of the spatio-temporal variability of GPP. To further advance the performance of DGVMs, improvements in the soil moisture dynamics and vegetation evolution are needed.