Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fertility control Heparanase procoagulant activity is elevated in women using oral contraceptives

study question: What is the effect of estrogen on heparanase procogulant activity? summary answer: Estrogen increases heparanase procoagulant activity. what is known already: Estrogen therapy increases the risk of thrombosis and was previously found to up-regulate heparanase expression. Heparanase is involved in angiogenesis and metastasis, and has been shown to form a complex with tissue factor (TF) and also shown to enhance the generation of factor Xa. study design, size, duration: A case–control study. Thirty-four healthy women using oral contraceptives (OC) and 41 women not using hormonal therapy and not pregnant per history were enrolled, over a 5-month period, at the Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. In vitro, estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) and -negative (MDA-231) cell lines were incubated with estrogen, tamoxifen and ICI-182.780 a pure estrogen receptor antagonist. The cell medium was evaluated for TF/heparanase complex activity, TF activity and heparanase procoagulant activity by chromogenic substrate. participants/materials, setting, methods: Exclusion criteria included age ,18 years, post-menopausal women, concomitant medications other than supplement minerals and vitamins, acute or chronic illness. main results and the role of chance: The study demonstrates increased risk of high heparanase procoagulant activity in OC users. When a cutoff level of 0.25 (absorbance 405–490 nm) was set, the odds ratio was 131 (P , 0.0001). When all results were studied by quartiles, in quartiles 3 and 4 the results were almost exclusively of the OC users (P , 0.0001). In cell cultures, estrogen and tamoxifen increased heparanase procoagulant activity in the medium of estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) cells. limitations, reasons for caution: The main limitation of the current study is that the two estrogens given to the women and cell cultures, ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 17-b-estradiol (E2), respectively, may have different effects on the coagulation system, although an increase in heparanase procoagulant activity was demonstrated in both of them. Although the sample size of the study group was limited, significant differences in the activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway were demonstrated. wider implications of the findings: The clinical relevance of the heparanase procoagulant activity assay as a screening tool in thrombophilia work-up should further be elucidated. study funding/competing interest(s): No external funding was sought for this study. Authors Nadir and Brenner are named in a US Provisional Patent Application No. 29509/WO/12 filed on 18.01. 2012. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare. trial registration number: N/A.
Constructing the Literate Child in the Library: An Analysis of School Library Standards

Author(s): Rumberger, Alyson T. | Abstract: I examine one set of elementary school library standards (New York City School Library System, n.d.) in an effort to analyze the impact that the standards might have on literacy experiences for young children in one urban school setting. Employing a critical discourse analysis framework, I examine the language that the Empire State Information Fluency Continuum uses to privilege certain kinds of knowledge construction. Focusing on the descriptions of knowledge, inquiry, and informational literacy constructed by the standards, I argue that the Information Fluency Continuum perpetuates notions of literacy and inquiry that are linear and hierarchical. I argue that educator conceptions of inquiry, engagements with texts, and social responsibility practices must be widened. Rather than expecting students to follow a sequential set of steps, libraries might be a space where students are given agency to decide when and how they would engage in literacy and pursue inquiries.
Biased Information Transmission in Investor Social Networks: Evidence from Professional Traders

Theoretical studies postulate that information transmission in investor social networks has important implications for diverse market phenomena, including trading volume, price informativeness, liquidity, volatility, and trading strategies. Yet, we have limited knowledge about the real-world links among information exchange, trading decisions, and performance in investor social networks. Using more than 1 million instant message communications and more than 2 million trading records of professional traders, we directly measure how information propagates through traders’ strong and weak network ties and its effects on their trading decisions and performance. Our results suggest that investment information sharing is asymmetric: traders are more likely to exchange information on trading gains over losses, especially with their strong ties. However, message receivers are more likely to trade on information from strong ties when the information regards trading losses rather than trading gains, and only information about losses positively correlates with trading performance. Investigations of information propagation over the network indicate that neither the sender’s performance nor the tie strength between the sender and receiver correlates with the receiver’s propensity to forward information to third parties. Evidence suggests that the communication bias associated with the sender’s performance and tie strength may weaken as the information travels away from the originating dyad in the network. * Lane: Harvard Business School, Harvard University. jnlane@hbs.edu. Lim: Driehaus College of Business, DePaul University. sonya.lim@depaul.edu. Uzzi: Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University and Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems. uzzi@kellogg.northwestern. edu. We are grateful to David Hirshleifer for helpful comments. All errors are our own.
The Effect of Non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces Non-Cerevisiae Yeasts on Ethanol and Glycerol Levels in Wine

Non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces non-cerevisiae studies have increased in recent years due to an interest in uninoculated fermentations, consumer preferences, wine technology, and the effect of climate change on the chemical composition of grapes, juice, and wine. The use of these yeasts to reduce alcohol levels in wines has garnered the attention of researchers and winemakers alike. This review critically analyses recent studies concerning the impact of non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces non-cerevisiae on two important parameters in wine: ethanol and glycerol. The influence they have in sequential, co-fermentations, and solo fermentations on ethanol and glycerol content is examined. This review highlights the need for further studies concerning inoculum rates, aeration techniques (amount and flow rate), and the length of time before Saccharomyces cerevisiae sequential inoculation occurs. Challenges include the application of such sequential inoculations in commercial wineries during harvest time.
Association between atmospheric particulate matter and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the population

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between maternal exposure to the level of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes for different exposure pregnancy trimesters. Among a total of 671 identified articles, 43 were reviewed in depth, of which only 18 satisfied the inclusion criteria. The positive associations were identified between Small for gestational age (SGA) and maternal exposure to PM2.5 in the first (OR = 1.074, 95% CI = 1.046-1.103), the second (OR = 1.058, 95% CI = 1.019-1.100), the third (OR = 1.062, 95% CI = 1.042-1.083) trimesters and the entire pregnancy period (OR = 1.151, 95% CI = 1.104-1.200), which indicated that with every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the risk of SGA would increase 7.4%, 5.8%, 6.2% and 15.1%, respectively. The occurrence of SAB was significantly positive with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 (OR = 1.340, 95% CI = 1.043-1.721), indicating an 34% increased risk of SAB. There were no statistically significant associations were observed between stillbirth and maternal exposure to PM in three trimesters. In conclusion, it might be a wise practice for pregnant women to take effective measures to reduce PM exposure.
ALMA observations of the “fresh” carbon-rich AGB star TX Piscium

Aims. The carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star TX Piscium (TX Psc) has been observed multiple times during multiple epochs and at different wavelengths and resolutions, showing a complex molecular CO line profile and a ring-like structure in thermal dust emission. We investigate the molecular counterpart in high resolution, aiming to resolve the ring-like structure and identify its origin. Methods. Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations have been carried out to map the circumstellar envelope (CSE) of TX Psc in CO(2–1) emission and investigate the counterpart to the ring-like dust structure. Results. We report the detection of a thin, irregular, and elliptical detached molecular shell around TX Psc, which coincides with the dust emission. This is the first discovery of a non-spherically symmetric detached shell, raising questions about the shaping of detached shells. Conclusions. We investigate possible shaping mechanisms for elliptical detached shells and find that in the case of TX Psc, stellar rotation of 2 km s−1 can lead to a non-uniform mass-loss rate and velocity distribution from stellar pole to equator, recreating the elliptical CSE. We discuss the possible scenarios for increased stellar momentum, enabling the rotation rates needed to reproduce the ellipticity of our observations, and come to the conclusion that momentum transfer of an orbiting object with the mass of a brown dwarf would be sufficient.
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Pastoral and Agropastoral Systems of Borana, South Ethiopia: Options and Barriers

The pastoral and agropastoral systems of the Borana in southern Ethiopia are highly vulnerable to climate change and its impacts. Assistance to enable these smallholders to successfully adapt to future climate change in locally relevant ways can be usefully informed by the analysis and better understanding of past and ongoing adaptation. We conducted farm household surveys, focus group discussions, expert consultations and secondary data collation in 2012 in the Borana. The study employed a combination of Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework to analyse how climate change put pressure on pastoral and agropastoral farming systems and livelihoods, and Pelling’s (2011) typological framework to analyse local adaptation responses. Results showed that pastoral and agropastoral households, their communities and institutions adopted a wide range of adaptation options primarily through adjusting their farming practices and diversifying into non-pastoral livelihoods. The smallholders primarily pursued a resilience approach to adaptation with short term goals intended to avoid system disruptions instead of long-term transformational approaches that significantly address the root causes of vulnerability. A range of barriers constrained local adaptive capacity and shaped routes for adaptation. Adaptation pathways that address critical barriers to adapt, integrate indigenous institutions into adaptation and link adaptation with local development process are necessary to bring long-term and non-marginal, major changes that reduce vulnerability and ensure co-benefit of improving livelihoods.
Sub-Hourly Variability of Stable Isotopes in Precipitation in the Marginal Zone of East Asian Monsoon

Isotope data at mid-latitude locations are commonly available on annual, monthly, and daily timescales; however, they are rarely available for the variations occurring on the sub-hourly scale within individual precipitation events. To fill this gap, sub-hourly (every 10 min) sequential samples were collected for nine precipitation events, and the δ18O values of the individual events were analyzed from June to October 2019 in Lanzhou, Northwest China. The Sequential Meteoric Water Line (SMWL) correlation between δ2H and δ18O is δ2H = 7.33 δ18O + 9.78 (R2 = 0.97, N = 170). All events had a similar decreasing variability pattern in the initial period (before the vertical gray dotted line), while during the later period (after the vertical gray dotted line), negative δ18O values dominated, exhibiting a different pattern. Variations in the δ18O values were about 1–5‰ during most intra-events. We found that δ18O values mainly exhibit three patterns in the intra-event, namely a “V”-shaped pattern, an “L”-shaped pattern, and a decreasing pattern. Positive δ18O values are controlled by re-evaporation in the beginning period. Relative humidity has no effect on the δ18O values of precipitation events, mainly because dry and warm conditions are conducive to the evaporation of rainwater in the study region. The changes in the isotopic characteristics of precipitation are closely linked to the regional climate. The continuous analysis of precipitation samples revealed that the rapid change of δ18O values is related to different moisture sources and transport paths. A new air mass with enriched heavy isotope intrusion can change the isotopic composition in the intra-event.
The Transcription Factor , Pax 6 , is Required for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in the Developing Cerebral Cortex

anterior end of the neural tube. Neurons are generated by cell division at the inner surface of the telencephalic wall (in the ventricular zone) and migrate towards its outer surface, where they complete their differentiation. Recent studies have suggested that the transcription factor Pax6 is important for regulation of cell proliferation, migration and differentiation at various sites in the CNS. This gene is widely expressed from neural plate stage in the developing CNS, including the embryonic cerebral cortex, where it is required for radial glial cell development and neuronal migration. We report new findings indicating that, in the absence of Pax6, proliferative rates in the early embryonic cortex are increased and the differentiation of many cortical cells is defective. A major question concerns the degree to which cortical defects in the absence of Pax6 are a direct consequence of losing the gene function from defective cells themselves, rather than being secondary to abnormalities in other cells. Cortical defects in the absence of Pax6 become much more pronounced later in cortical development, and we propose that many result from a compounding of abnormalities in proliferation and differentiation that first appear at the onset of corticogenesis.
Property rights protection, corporate transparency, and growth

In countries with secure property rights, corporate transparency improves investment efficiency and increases growth by alleviating information asymmetry. However, in countries with insecure property rights, greater transparency can increase the risk of government expropriation. Therefore some firms that would benefit most from transparency cannot take full advantage of it, as they set sub-optimal transparency levels. Using data from 59 industries in 69 countries, we find that in countries with weak property rights protection, industries that would benefit the most from transparency exhibit worse investment efficiency and grow more slowly than industries that can efficiently operate at minimal levels of transparency.
Leaching Hazardous Substances out of Photovoltaic Modules

Photovoltaic modules contain hazardous substances such as lead and cadmium. Under normal operation conditions, these materials will not be released into the environment. This study identifies conditions resulting in release. Our worst case study uses milled module pieces of 0.2 mm size. Depending on the pH value of water based solutions, more or less amounts of hazardous substances are leached out. Solutions with low pH values (acidic solutions) yield substantial leaching. Three different solutions simulate different environmental conditions: i) “low mineralized water” conditions, via water containing sodium hydroxide, ii) “sea water” conditions, via water containing sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride, and iii) “rainwater” conditions, via water containing acetic acid. In “rain water”-like solutions with low pH, already after a few days, around 30 % of the cadmium is leached out from milled cadmium telluride module pieces, increasing to 50 % after 56 days! In the same time, more than 15 % of lead is leached out from c-Si module pieces. Tellurium elutes in the range of 30 to 40 % with a weak dependence on the pH value of the solution indicating an instability of the compound cadmiumtelluride out of the cadmiumtelluride modules. Most of the extractions increase during several weeks of measurement. Therefore, the usual one-day-elution test does not give enough information. Meaningful leaching experiments should last for at least ten days.
A Projection Method for the Monolithic InteractionSystem of an Incompressible Fluid and a Structure using aNew Algebraic Splitting

In this study, a projection method for the monolithic interaction system of an incompressible fluid and a structure using a new algebraic splitting is proposed. The proposed method splits the monolithic equation system into the equilibrium equations and the pressure Poisson equation (PPE) algebraically using the intermediate velocity in the nonlinear iterations. Since the proposed equilibrium equation satisfies the interface condition, the proposed method is strongly coupled. Moreover, the proposed PPE enforces the incompressibility constraint. Different from previous studies, the proposed algebraic splitting never generates any Schur complement. The proposed method is applied to a channel with a flexible flap, which is one of typical test problems, where its superior computational efficiencies are demonstrated.
Zitterbewegung in noncommutative geometry

We have considered the effects of space and momentum noncommutativity separately on the zitterbewegung (ZBW) phenomenon. In the space noncommutativity scenario, it has been expressed that, due to the conservation of momentum, the Fourier decomposition of the expectation value of position does not change. However, the noncommutative (NC) space corrections to the magnetic dipole moment of electron, that was traditionally perceived to come into play only in the first-order of perturbation theory, appear in the leading-order calculations with the similar structure and numerically the same order, but with an opposite sign. This result may explain why for large lumps of masses, the Zeeman effect due to the noncommutativity remains undetectable. Moreover, we have shown that the x- and y-components of the electron magnetic dipole moment, contrary to the commutative (usual) version, are nonzero and with the same structure as the z-component. In the momentum noncommutativity case, we have indicated that, due to the relevant external uniform magnetic field, the energy spectrum and also the solutions of the Dirac equation are changed in 3[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1 dimensions. In addition, our analysis shows that in 2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1 dimensions, the resulted NC field makes electrons in the zero Landau level rotate not only via a cyclotron motion, but also through the ZBW motion with a frequency proportional to the field which doubles the amplitude of the rotation. In fact, this is a hallmark of the ZBW in graphene that provides a promising way to be tested experimentally.
Modelling the effect of environmental temperatures, microhabitat and behavioural thermoregulation on predicted activity patterns in a desert lizard across its thermally diverse distribution

Temperature plays an important role in determining distributions of ectothermic species, yet many ectotherms have wide distributions across diverse environmental conditions. Our goal was to model regional differences in annual and seasonal activity patterns among populations of Phrynosoma platyrhinos across its climatically diverse distribution. We hypothesize that microhabitat availability and behavioural thermoregulation will not mitigate large‐scale climatic differences across the species' distribution, resulting in alteration of activity patterns of populations.
TILTROTOR MODELLING FOR SIMULATION IN VARIOUS FLIGHT CONDITIONS

A computer model of a tilt-rotor has been developed for calculating performance, simulating flight and investigating stability and control. The model is composed of a fuselage, wings, an empennage, engine nacelles and rotors. Tiltrotor equations of motion have been obtained by summing up inertia, gravity and aerodynamic loads acting on each part of the aircraft. Aerodynamic loads at wings, empennage and rotor blades have been calculated using a quasisteady model. For rotor induced velocity, the Glauert model has been used. The influence of the rotor inflow wing and empennage aerodynamic loads has been found using the actual value of induced velocity. The computer program of tilt-rotor model has been developed in the MatLab environment. The sub-programs for load calculation have been supplemented by modules for calculation of trim states and stability and control matrices. During the first stage of model investigation, steady flight conditions were calculated, which ga ve insight into rotorcraft behaviour and model quality.
group therapy for schizophrenia : a practical approach 3

Schizophrenics have been treated in groups since the method was introduced early in the century. Lazell (1921) was the first to report a special therapeutic advantage in group therapy for schizophrenic patients, and over the years, other authors have reported success with the group method, with some claiming that this is the preferable way to treat schizophrenia. Various advantages for group therapy have been cited. Payn (1965 and 1974), for example, noted that providing socializing experiences for patients tends to diminish anxiety, improve reality testing, increase self-esteem, and reduce necessity for hospitalization. Others have suggested that group-treated patients take neuroleptic drugs more consistently (O'Brien et al. 1972), but this has not been verified in controlled studies with urine or blood level determinations. Striking improvement in social functioning of schizophrenics has been reported by several authors (Masnik et al. 1971, Schultz and Ross 1955, and Donlon, Rada, and Knight 1973), and increased staff enthusiasm also seems to be a consistent finding (Masnik et al. 1971, O'Brien et al. 1972, and Herz et al. 1974).