Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information and Knowledge Management

Though literature on information and knowledge management is vast, there is much confusion concerning the meaning of these terms. According to the literature review, technology-oriented information management includes data management, information technology management and strategic information technology management. The main emphasis of these approaches is the effective and efficient use of information technology. In contrast, content-oriented approaches focus on information and its use. They can be distinguished in records management, provision of external information, human-centered information management, and information resources management. The reading of the literature on knowledge management reveals that this term is either used synonymously for information management or for the management of work practices with the goal of improving the generation of new knowledge and the sharing of existing knowledge. This article identifies various aspects that are embraced by the terms information and knowledge management. Thus, it should contribute to more terminological clarity and finally improve communication both in science and in professional practice. In this sense, the author hopes that this article will not only contribute to more terminological clarity but have further positive implications.
The Good Fight: Conflict and the Multipartner Alliance

A multipartner alliance experiences heightened conflict: the increased number of partners impedes communication and trust-building; and the strategic importance of the alliance’s projects often means the close and contentious involvement of external stakeholders. It is well-accepted that conflict is harmful to multipartner alliance performance, yet there exists a theoretical and empirical gap in understanding what specifically drives conflict in this setting, and what can lessen these instances of conflict. Drawing on diversity theory, I leverage a distinction between three types of diversity—variety of functional roles, separation in institutional values, and financial disparity—to explore the level of conflict experienced by the alliance, and seek to understand why some alliances are better equipped to manage this conflict once it does occur. I test hypotheses by creating a unique measure of the level of conflict experienced by the alliance through natural language processing of 345,000 pages of alliance documents across 2147 global alliances comprised of 45,000 partners. Additionally, using over 25,000 interim status reports, I examine the performance of the alliance over time to empirically assess if conflict is as detrimental to performance as previously theorized. This research examines conflict on a scale not previously studied and shows that the composition of the multipartner alliance does matter for conflict and its prevention, and that not all fighting is indeed bad. the intensity of conflict or cooperation. Though my research does not distinguish intensity of conflict (e.g., assault is more intense than complain), I leveraged the scale as an additional robustness check. Direction of results remained the same.
Impact of roadside advertising on road safety

This research project aimed to harmonise the criteria road agencies use to manage roadside advertising devices, and promote improved and consistent good practice by road agencies. Physical and psychological human characteristics strongly suggest that in some driving situations it is likely that the movement or changes in luminance created by digital displays will involuntarily capture attention, and that particularly salient emotional and engaging material will divert attention, to the detriment of driving performance. This is particularly the case for inexperienced drivers. Where this happens in a driving situation that is also cognitively demanding, the consequences have the potential to be significant. This report provides guidance principles designed to mitigate the potential for roadside advertising to capture attention, reduce the cognitive capacity available for driving and have a negative impact on driving performance. The principles are divided into sign design and sign placement recommendations and cover movement, dwell time, transition time, message sequencing, quantity of information, information content / meaning, luminance, longitudinal placement, lateral placement, vertical placement, orientation/viewing angle, sight distance/visibility, and speed environment.
Ecotoxicological characterization of waste : results and experiences of an international ring test

Summary and Background information of the Ring Test. - Overview on the Results of the Ring Test. - Legal and Organisational Background of the Ring Test. - Selection and Characterization of Test Samples and Eluates. - Ring Test Data Evaluation. - Range of Reference Tests in Aquatic Tests. - Range of Reference Tests in Terrestrial Tests. - Presentation of the Basic Test Battery. - Algae Tests. - Daphnia Tests. - Luminescent Bacteria Test. - Plant Tests. - Earthworm Tests. - Lemna Growth Inhibition Test. - Toxkit Tests. - Pseudomonas putida Growth Inhibition Test. - Ceriodaphnia dubia Chronic Toxicity Tests. - Genotoxicity Tests. - Earthworm Reproduction Tests. - Enchytraeid Reproduction Tests. - Collembolan Tests. - Earthworm Avoidance Tests. - Bacteria Contact Test. - Additional Investigations. - Reproducibility and Repeatability of the Results of the European Ring Test on the Ecotoxicological Characterisation of Waste. - Comparison Between Toxkit Microbiotests and Standard Tests. - Comparison and Characterization of OECD Artificial Soils. - Leaching and Chemical Speciation Modeling of Wastes. - Ecotoxicological Response of Three Waste Samples in Relation to Chemical Speciation Modeling of Leachates. - H14-Navigator Uses Topic Maps as Application Data Model. - Further Development and Future Application of Biotests in Waste Characterization. - Test Recommendations. - Ecotoxicological Characterisation of Waste as an Instrument in Waste Classification and Risk Assessment.
Toyota Talent: Developing Your People the Toyota Way

Toyota doesn't just produce cars; it produces talented people. In the international bestseller, The Toyota Way, Jeffrey Liker explained Toyota's remarkable success through a 4P model for excellence-Philosophy, People, Problem Solving, and Process. Liker, with coauthor David Meier, provided deeper insight into the practical application of the principles in The Toyota Way Fieldbook. Now, these authorities on Toyota reveal how you can develop talented people and achieve incredible results in your company. Toyota Talent walks you through the rigorous methodology used by this global powerhouse to grow high-performing individuals from within. Beginning with a review of Toyota's landmark approach to developing people, the authors illustrate the critical importance of creating a learning and teaching culture in your organization. They provide specific examples necessary to train employees in all areas-from the shop floor to engineering to staff members in service organizations-and show you how to support and encourage every individual to reach his or her top potential. Toyota Talent provides you with the inside knowledge you need to Identify your development needs and create a training plan Understand the various types of work and how to break complicated jobs into teachable skills Set behavioral expectations by properly preparing your workplace Recognize and develop potential trainers within your workforce Effectively educate nonmanufacturing employees and members of the staff Develop internal Lean Manufacturing experts Guiding you with expert tips and training aids, as well as real-world examples drawn from the authors' two decades of research and field work, Liker and Meier show you how to get the most out of people who live and breathe your company's philosophy-and who work together toward a common goal.
Rail temperature prediction model

Railway track buckling occurs due to inadequate rail stress adjustment. Stress alterations are greatly influenced by the variation in rail temperature due to weather fluctuations. The main aim of this paper is to describe a 24 hour rail temperature prediction model which was developed for use in rail operations to assist in predicting adverse rail temperature conditions which could lead to or initiate track buckling. By applying predictive information, trains can be directed to travel at a regulated speed to reduce the longitudinal loading on the track. The model uses multivariate linear regression to predict the rail temperatures from the predicted weather forecast. Data from a field experiment, involving a weather station and rail temperature sensors, was statistically evaluated and compared to determine the accuracy of the rail temperature model. This paper evaluates the accuracy of i) rail temperatures predicted using only Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) weather forecasts ii) rail temperature predictions using on site weather station data , and iii) empirical weather prediction equations. Concluding results of this paper show that rail temperature can be predicted 24 hour in advance from a BoM forecasts and if calibrated properly the accuracy is within +/- 2.6 degrees C of actual rail temperatures. Real time rail temperature predictions using on site weather station data have an accuracy of +/- 4.2 degrees C; whereas empirical methods have at most an accuracy of +/- 5.9 degreesC from actual rail temperatures. The accuracy of the forecasted rail temperature prediction using BoM weather forecasts is within the magnitude of temperature sensors accuracies this is very encouraging for possibility of rail forecasting rail temperatures without the use of instrumentation.
English for Specific Purposes in Theory and Practice

What specialized knowledge is needed to teach English as a second language today? The field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is among the richest areas of second language research and practice because increasing globalization and changing technologies spawn new modes of intercultural connection and new occasions for second language use. "English for Specific Purposes in Theory and Practice" compasses this burgeoning field by presenting new research and commentary from some of the field's leading scholars. This volume explores ESP from academic (secondary and tertiary), occupational (business, medical, and legal), and socio-cultural perspectives. Recurring motifs throughout the volume are the effects of globalization, English as a lingua franca, and the impact of migrant populations. One of the major questions this volume seeks to answer is, How can ESP instructors meet their own teacher knowledge needs? Also considered is, How have ESP practitioners succeeded in gaining control of the knowledge they need to address their students' needs?
PhySigs: Phylogenetic Inference of Mutational Signature Dynamics

Distinct mutational processes shape the genomes of the clones comprising a tumor. These processes result in distinct mutational patterns, summarized by a small number of mutational signatures. Current analyses of clone-specific exposures to mutational signatures do not fully incorporate a tumor's evolutionary context, either inferring identical exposures for all tumor clones, or inferring exposures for each clone independently. Here, we introduce the Tree-constrained Exposure problem to infer a small number of exposure shifts along the edges of a given tumor phylogeny. Our algorithm, PhySigs, solves this problem and includes model selection to identify the number of exposure shifts that best explain the data. We validate our approach on simulated data and identify exposure shifts in lung cancer data, including at least one shift with a matching subclonal driver mutation in the mismatch repair pathway. Moreover, we show that our approach enables the prioritization of alternative phylogenies inferred from the same sequencing data. PhySigs is publicly available at https://github.com/elkebir-group/PhySigs.
BOOK 6

buero@tab-beim-bundestag.de www.tab-beim-bundestag.de In recent years, electronic petition systems have found widespread use. They ensure both the publication of petition texts and the collection of supporting signatures. Moreover, advanced systems enable online discussions concerning the respective petition. Parliaments and governments are making increasingly use of this instrument of political participation and protection of the citizens‘ interests vis-à-vis the executive power. At the turn of the millennium, the Scottish parliament was one of the pioneers with regard to parliamentary petition portals. The active participation of citizens in the entire petition ing process was one of the guiding principles of the Scottish e-petition system which attracted attention worldwide and has been taken up elsewhere. Since 2005, the Scottish model has been adopted and further developed by the German Bundestag. In many European parliaments, reform processes regarding the modernization of petitioning systems can be observed. On behalf of the German Parliament, the Office of Technology Assessment at the German Bundestag has examined the functional change of the parliamentary petition system in Germany in the course of the introduction of public electronic petitions and has shown a differentiated picture of the strengths and weaknesses of the currently applied system. The view of the German situation is complemented by a country study regarding the petitioning systems applied in Great-Britain including the Scottish one. The volume is completed by an overview of the petitions procedures provided by the European national parliaments and ombudsman institutions. Ulrich Riehm Knud Böhle Ralf Lindner
Comparison of Intermediate Vs Subcutaneous Superficial Cervical Plexus Block for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Superficial cervical plexus has been used successfully for postoperative analgesia following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery. It is not known if superficial and intermediate cervical blocks are equally effective, although anatomical evidence suggests that the latter might provide superior quality of analgesia. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of intermediate cervical plexus block (ICPB) vs superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) on postoperative quality of recovery and analgesia in patients undergoing ACDF surgery. Subjects and Methods: Forty-nine patients were randomised to receive either bilateral ICPB or bilateral SCPB in patients undergoing elective single- or two-level ACDF surgery. The primary outcome measure was the quality of recovery at 24 hr, measured using the 40-item quality of recovery questionnaire (QoR-40). In addition, comparisons between groups were also made for intra- and postoperative opioid consumption. Groups were compared using Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test for different type of data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean (SD) aggregated global QoR-40 scores at 24 hr were significantly greater in the ICPB group, indicating good quality of recovery compared with the SCPB (186 ± 9 vs 173 ± 12, respectively; P = 0.001). Intra-and postoperative opioid consumption was significantly higher in SCPB group. No major block related complications were noticed during the study. Conclusion: We showed that compared to SCPB, ICPB provides better analgesia in patients undergoing single- or two-level ACDF, thereby improving the early quality of recovery. We strongly believe the existence of investing layer of cervical fascia of neck.
Effect of self-rated health status on functioning difficulties among older adults in Ghana: Coarsened exact matching method of analysis of the World Health Organization’s study on global AGEing and adult health, Wave 2

Background Functional difficulty assessment has been proven as a key factor in the health evaluation of adults. Previous studies have shown a reduction in health and functional difficulties with increasing age. This analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of poor self-rated health on functional difficulty among older adults in Ghana. Method This analysis was based on the World Health Organization Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health in Ghana for older adults 50 years and above. Fifteen standard functioning difficulty tools were extracted and used for the analysis. Three predictive models with the Coarsened Exact Matching method involving Negative Binomial, Logistics and Ordered logistic regression were performed using Stata 14. Results Overall, the prevalence of poor Self-rated health was 34.9% and that of functional difficulties among older adults in Ghana was 69.4%. Female sex, increasing age, being separated, having no religious affiliation, not currently working and being underweight were associated with and significantly influence poor Self-rated health [AOR(95%CI)p-value = 1.41(1.08–1.83)0.011, 3.85(2.62–5.64)0.000, 1.45(1.08–1.94)0.013, 2.62(1.68–4.07)0.000, 2.4(1.85–3.12)0.000 and 1.39(1.06–1.81)0.017 respectively]. In addition, poor Self-rated health and geographical location (rural vs. urban)significantly influence functioning difficulties among older adults in Ghana as predicted by the three models [Negative Binomial: PR(95%CI) = 1.62(1.43–1.82), Binary logistic: AOR(95%CI) = 3.67(2.79–4.81) and ordered logistic: AOR(95%CI) = 2.53(1.14–2.03)]. Conclusion Poor SRH is more pronounced among older adult females in Ghana. Some determinants of poor SRH include; age, geographical location (urban vs. rural), marital status, religion, and employment status. This provides pointers to important socio-demographic determinants with implications on the social function of older adults in line with the theme of the national aging policy of 2010, ‘ageing with security and dignity’ and ultimately in the national quest to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
Interactions between environmental and safety performance in vehicle design

One potential interaction between environmental and safety goals in transport is found within the vehicle fleet where fuel economy and safety impose conflicting requirements on vehicle design. Larger and heavier vehicles have a better secondary safety performance during a crash. On the other hand, they are associated with higher levels of fuel consumption and emissions. This issue has generated debate amongst researchers and policy makers when formulating policies to improve the environmental performance of the road transport system. An extensive review of literature reveals that arguments has often been based on either little research evidence, or research that has inadequacies in the applied methodologies. This research investigates the safety consequences of changes in vehicles mass within the vehicle fleet aimed at increasing fleet fuel economy. The partial effects of mass on fuel consumption rate and secondary safety performance were estimated using a cross-sectional analysis of mass within the British passenger car fleet. Estimation results confirmed that fuel consumption increases as mass increases and were different for different fuel and transmission types. It was shown that vehicle mass has both protective and aggressive safety effects where vehicle size only tends to have protective effects; these were estimated using a novel methodology based on a detailed analysis of two-car crashes. The estimated relationships were used to investigate partial safety and environmental effects of changes in mass distribution within the fleet using an introduced incremental approach. Results generally showed that the relationship between fuel economy and safety performance in vehicle design depends on the characteristics of the vehicle fleet, and in particular, mass distribution. It was shown that an informed change in the mass distribution not only imposes no trade-off between the fuel economy and safety goals, but also could lead to a desirable outcome in both aspects.
EXPERIMENTAL FIELD TEST OF PROPOSED PEDESTRIAN SAFETY MESSAGES--VOLUME I: METHODS AND MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT

A detailed re-analysis of available pedestrian accident data was utilized to define three sets of pedestrian safety public information and education (PI&E) messages. These messages were then produced and field tested. The objectives and theoretical background for the study are addressed in this Volume. The messages directed at child pedestrian accidents and using an animated character named "Willy Whistle" are covered in Volume II. Two sets of adult-oriented messages are the focus of Volume III. The child messages were successful in reducing pedestrian accidents in three test cities. The adult messages also yielded some positive results. It was concluded that these messages are viable pedestrian accident countermeasures. The success of these messages leads to the additional conclusion that PI&E, in general, can be an effective countermeasure modality for modifying simple behaviors if adequate exposure is obtained.
Complete Conditioning for Soccer

Chapter 1. The Physical Demands of Soccer Chapter 2. Assessing Soccer Fitness Chapter 3. Flexibility Chapter 4. Balance Chapter 5. Total-Body Strength Chapter 6. Explosive Power Chapter 7. Speed Chapter 8. Agility Chapter 9. Peak Conditioning for the Game Chapter 10. Match Preparation Chapter 11. Injury Prevention and Recovery Chapter 12. Year-Round Training Plans.
Ovarian tissue vitrification is more efficient than slow freezing to preserve ovarian stem cells in CF-1 mice

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of protocols for mice ovary cryopreservation to compare the differences in Mouse Vasa Homologue expression (a germline cell marker) and ovarian viability after vitrification or slow freezing. Methods: Female CF1 mice aged 40-45 days were randomly divided into three groups: Control, vitrification or slow freezing. Their ovaries were surgically removed, rinsed in saline solution and cryopreserved. For vitrification, we used a commercial protocol and for slow freeze, we used 1.5 M ethylene glycol (EG) as cryoprotectant. After that, the ovaries were processed for histological an immunohistochemical analysis, and counting of primordial, primary, pre-antral and antral follicles. Results: No significant difference was found in the proportion of high-quality primordial, primary and pre-antral follicles after thawing/warming in the slow freezing and vitrification groups. The immunohistochemistry for MVH antibody demonstrated that the slow freeze group had a higher number of unmarked cells (p=0.012), indicating a harmful effect on the MVH expression in the ovarian tissue, where the cell structure is complex. Conclusion: Although both protocols indicated similar results in the histological analysis of follicular counts, the vitrification protocol was significantly better to preserve ovarian stem cells, an immature germ cell population. These cells are able to self-renew having regeneration potential, and may be effective for the treatment of ovarian failure and consequently infertility.
GROUND MOVEMENTS CAUSED BY DIFFERENT EMBEDDED RETAINING WALL CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

A database has been established of the pattern of ground and wall movements measured at sites where bored pile and diaphragm retaining walls were being used for the construction of retained cuttings, cut- and-cover tunnels and deep basements. Results were obtained from a large number of instrumented highway and building schemes in the UK and also, where they are considered relevant to UK practice, from elsewhere in the world. The variation of surface ground movements with distance during wall installation and bulk excavation are separately reported. The zones of movement which develop are related to the type of wall construction, the ground conditions and the stiffness of the support system used during excavation in front of the wall. The results are of value both in establishing the most probable movement and acceptable limits when using the Observational Method to control construction and also in assessing the effects of construction on neighbouring buildings and buried services. (A)