Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik Dewan Terhadap Manajemen Laba

This study aims to examine the effect of the characteristics of the board of directors on earnings management. Board characteristics are the most important part in the structure or governance of a company and government in limiting or preventing earnings management by a company manager. This study uses data from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) which include annual reports from 2015 to 2019 except insurance companies, financial and banking institutions. Sampling of data was done by purposive sampling technique. This study combined the research object and one time dimension. This research was conducted using panel data regression test based on data that had been collected using SPSS and Eviews 10 software. The best model chosen for this research model was the Fixed Effect Model. The results showed that the board independent, board meeting, board of directors expertise, size of the audit committee, independent audit committee, audit committee meeting, audit committee expertise, leverage and big4 has no influence on the dependent variable earnings management. Then the size of the board of directors has a negative significant on earnings management. Meanwhile, company size and growth have a positive significant on earnings management.
Face recognition robust to occlusions

Face recognition is an important technology in computer vision, which often acts as an essential component in biometrics systems, HCI systems, access control systems, multimedia indexing applications, etc. Partial occlusion, which significantly changes the appearance of part of a face, cannot only cause large performance deterioration of face recognition, but also can cause severe security issues. In this thesis, we focus on the occlusion problem in automatic face recognition in non-controlled environments. Toward this goal, we propose a framework that consists of applying explicit occlusion analysis and processing to improve face recognition under different occlusion conditions. We demonstrate in this thesis that the proposed framework is more efficient than the methods based on non-explicit occlusion treatments from the literature. We identify two new types of facial occlusions, namely the sparse occlusion and dynamic occlusion. Solutions are presented to handle the identified occlusion problems in more advanced surveillance context. Recently, the emerging Kinect sensor has been successfully applied in many computer vision fields. We introduce this new sensor in the context of face recognition, particularly in presence of occlusions, and demonstrate its efficiency compared with traditional 2D cameras. Finally, we propose two approaches based on 2D and 3D to improve the baseline face recognition techniques. Improving the baseline methods can also have the positive impact on the recognition results when partial occlusion occurs.
CTH: Communication of Organic Adhocracy Empowerment of MSMEs Large Family

This study aimed to understand the organization and communication process of the Cooperative Trading House (CTH) which encouraged micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to be more involved in communication to enhance business opportunities. This research used an interpretive paradigm with the Grounded Method Theory (GMT) approach. The data were collected through interviews and documentation. Researchers conducted interviews with 17 key informants including the head of the main organization, expert staff, owners of MSMEs, and trainers. Then, the data were analyzed by a quasi-qualitative design. The results showed that CTH was an adhocracy with an organic structure configuration; a small organization with a basic structure, but it seemed considerable with nearly 7 million members of MSMEs. Grounded Theory is a non-profit organization such as CTH which can survive and take a strategic role as the head of a large family sustainably by merging into the members' business; involve expert staff, consultants, entrepreneurs, trainers, mentors, and other professionals in the project team; implement empowerment business communication patterns with a spirit of brotherhood, friendship, cooperation to live and nurture, and strengthen each other for the sake of mutual progress; develop ethics of honesty, mutual trust, mutual interest, and fairness in profit sharing. Research findings are discussed in an organizational and communication context.
Jointless Bridge Deck with Link Slabs

Link slabs are used over the piers developing jointless decks while adjacent bridge spans remain simply supported. The Michigan Department of Transportation incorporates link slabs during deck replacements and deep resurfacing. Field performance assessment documented full-depth cracking of most of the link slabs. These cracks allow surface water infiltration, which leads to accelerated deterioration. This study was conducted to address link slab design and performance issues. The literature is inconsistent with the influence of design parameters on link slab performance. The objective was to document the link slab behavior of its design parameters, to propose a method to calculate the link slab moment and axial force, and to propose recommendations for updating current design details and construction procedures. Single-girder, two-span, finite element assemblage models under various types and levels of loads in conjunction with the link slab design parameters were used to evaluate the moments and axial forces developed in the link slab. Analysis showed that support conditions underneath the link slab greatly influence the link slab moment and axial force. Use of moment interaction diagram is recommended for the design. A detailed analysis and design example is presented incorporating live load, temperature gradient load, and the support configurations.
Consumer-based Application Customization for Mobile Phones

There is an interest among users for customization of mobile phones, as is indicated by several companies and websites which offer themes, ringtones, backgrounds and games. However, unless the users possess programming experience, this customization rarely goes beyond simple look-and-feel and into the actual functionality. In the other end of this spectrum, lies End User Development (EUD), where end users with programming expertise make modifications to programs themselves. In their work of designing a system for Sony Ericsson – meant to enable end users without programming knowledge to customize applications and functionality for mobile phones – the authors identified this gap between users and developers – the EUD gap. The authors believed this was the cause of frustration among some users, who perhaps did not have the motivation to learn how to program, but nonetheless wished for more control of applications and functionality in their cell phones. With the main purpose of designing a system meant to support users in such a task, this thesis has also looked at how such a solution could function in a larger, EUD-related perspective. Apart from presenting a final design proposition, the authors find indications for that there is, indeed, an interest among users to customize the functionality of mobile phones. Findings, possible implications, and recommendations based on the authors' own experience of developing the system, are finally presented, both out of an academic and a commercial perspective.
Thermal conductivity measurements of thin silicon dioxide films in integrated circuits

The thermal conductivity of thin silicon dioxide (SiO/sub 2/) films is measured using specialized test structures. The test structures consist of parallel plate-electrodes that sandwich the dielectric whose thermal conductivity is determined. The accuracy of the measurement technique is verified based on simulations. Films with thicknesses in the range of 0.57 /spl mu/m to 2.28 /spl mu/m are investigated. At room temperature the thin films exhibit a thermal conductivity of /spl sim/1.1 W/Km which is approximately 20% below that of bulk fused SiO/sub 2/. As opposed to prior studies, the thermal conductivity of the thin films is observed to increase with rising temperature. Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity is found to be very similar to that of bulk fused SiO/sub 2/. The impart of thermal resistances at boundaries between silicon dioxide and metallization is shown to be insignificant for the films investigated. In addition, no dependence of thermal conductivity on film thickness is observed. Vias are found to be very effective in reducing thermal resistance between adjacent metallization layers.
P‐26: Self‐aligned Top‐gate ZnO Thin Film Transistor with Novel Al2O3/SiO2 Gate Insulator Structure

A novel Al2O3/SiO2 gate insulator structure is developed for realizing a high performance self‐aligned top‐gate ZnO thin film transistor. After the sputtering of ZnO thin film, an Al2O3 protective layer is sputtered immediately on top of the ZnO layer in the same sputtering chamber without breaking the vacuum, which protects the surface of ZnO active layer from exposing to air or solution in the later process. with minimized charge trapping at the interface between the channel layer and the gate dielectric, the resulting transistor exhibits afield effect mobility of 27 cm2/Vs, a threshold voltage of 1.2 V, a subthreshold swing of 0.25 V/decade and an on/off current ratio of 106. Good short channel characteristics are also obtained with a small shift of the threshold voltages and no degradation of subthreshold swing.
Structural Health Monitoring Using Smart Sensors

Financial support for this research was provided in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under NSF grants CMS 03-01140 and CMS 06-00433 (Dr. S. C. Liu, Program Manager). The first author was supported by a Vodafone-U.S. Foundation Graduate Fellowship. This support is gratefully acknowledged.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Primary and Secondary Incidents on Urban Freeways

Incidents on urban freeways are a leading cause of traffic congestion. Secondary incidents can occur in the vicinity of primary incidents, complicating traffic operations. While studies have examined factors associated with incident duration and secondary incident occurrence, a significant number of spatiotemporal variables in incident management are often overlooked. For example, how soon does a secondary incident happen after a primary incident? How far is the secondary from the primary incident? What factors are associated with near versus far secondary incidents? To answer these questions, a deeper analysis of primary and secondary incidents was conducted on the basis of a unique 2008 incident and roadway inventory database for Hampton Roads, Virginia. Time gaps and distances for secondary incidents in the same direction were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. This research contributes to incident management by rigorously analyzing time-gap distances between primary and secondary incidents and exploring their implications. The results can support more informed planning and operational decisions needed to respond in complex incident situations.
That used to be us : how America fell behind in the world it invented and how we can come back

From the skyrocketing federal deficit to plummeting rankings in education, America faces a turbulent future. How did we get to this point? What will it take to make our nation a beacon of innovation and prosperity once again? In That Used to Be Us, Thomas L. Friedman, one of our most influential columnists, and Michael Mandelbaum, one of our leading foreign policy thinkers, provide a searching, clear-eyed assessment of the situation, with bold solutions for getting the country back on track. Drawing on in-depth analysis from around the globe, their approach balances evidence from a variety of viewpoints, including the political, entrepreneurial, scientific, and technological sectors. Despite America's woes, the authors argue, our nation's ideals remain strong --strong enough to propel us to a new era of reinvention.
1.03-Exabit/s.km Super-Nyquist-WDM Transmission over 7,326-km Seven-Core Fiber

We demonstrate 140.7-Tbit/s, 7,326-km transmission of 7×201-channel 25-GHz-spaced Super-Nyquist-WDM 100-Gbit/s optical signals using seven-core fiber and full C-band seven-core EDFAs. The record capacity-distance product of 1.03 Exabit/s·km is achieved.
In-situ stress identification of bridge concrete components using core-drilling method

Concrete components of existing bridges often have complex and time-dependent stresses due to external load and internal degradation. The reliable information of the stress state plays an important role in performance assessment, life cycle prediction and strengthening and maintenance strategy. Some key bridge components generally carry predominant uniaxial loads, such as girders, towers and pillars, which make it meaningful to focus on the uniaxial in-situ stresses. This article presents a non-destructive method to identify the uniaxial in-situ stresses in concrete components for existing bridges using core-drilling method based on influence functions (IFs). Axial and tangential IFs are defined and calibrated, followed by numerical identifications of different stress fields and experimental tests on concrete specimens. The influence of inhomogeneity and randomness of concrete in the identification tests are evaluated by comparisons of measured data from various strain gages and reduced by introduction of interpolation functions, synthetical IFs and optimisation solutions. The relationship between identification accuracy and damage cost is also investigated.
Voltage regulation of photovoltaic arrays: small-signal analysis and control design

This study deals with the regulation of the output voltage of photovoltaic (PV) arrays. As a case study, the DC-DC buck converter is used as an interface between the PV array and the load, but other types of converters can be used for the same purpose. The input voltage of the converter is controlled in order to regulate the operating point of the array. Besides reducing losses and stress because of the bandwidth-limited regulation of the converter duty cycle, controlling the converter input voltage reduces the settling time and avoids oscillation and overshoot, making easier the functioning of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods. The voltage regulation problem is addressed with a detailed analysis that starts with the modelling of the PV array and the converter. This analysis is followed by study, design, simulation and practical experiments of three closed-loop control strategies for the buck converter. Control stability and implementation considerations are presented.
Interactive Irrigation Tool for Simulating Smart Irrigation Technologies in Lawn Turf

AbstractA simple model was developed to explore the effect of water saving technologies by simulating the soil water balance in a lawn turfgrass system based on site-specific soil characteristics, irrigation schedule, real-time weather data, and irrigation technology (i.e., time-based irrigation, time-based irrigation with rain sensor, time-based irrigation with soil water sensor, and evapotranspiration controller). The model has been integrated into an interactive tool for homeowners and landscape professionals to evaluate and improve irrigation scheduling. Model coding was tested by using two software programs and verified by using a field data set. Average absolute differences between measured and simulated irrigation and deep percolation by event were different among irrigation technologies, ranging from 0 to 0.46 and 0.19 to 2.03 cm, respectively. The model is available as an online tool through the Florida Automated Weather Network using Google technology. The free tool requires minimum user input, .
Elastic Wave Velocity Changes Due to the Fracture Aperture and Density, and Direct Correlation With Permeability: An Energetic Approach to Mated Rock Fractures

In an effort to reveal the subsurface hydraulic changes in fractures by seismic monitoring, aperture‐related velocity changes need to be investigated. We developed a numerical approach for calculating changes in elastic wave velocity with fracture aperture opening by determining the internal energy of a digitized fracture model based on natural rough surfaces. The simulated local elastic energy revealed that the interaction energy converged within 1.5 mm of the mean fracture position, and was insignificant unless the fractures intersected. This energetic approach clarified the aperture‐velocity relationship and reproduced the experimental results. Further calculations using digital fractures with various sizes and densities demonstrated that the velocity can be accounted for by the superposition of a linear function of fracture density and quadratic function of aperture, and is insensitive to the fracture size. Although the relationship between fracture permeability and elastic wave velocity (i.e., the k‐V relationship) depends on the fracture density, the offset‐normalized k‐V relationship shows clear linearity with the fracture density. The proposed k‐V relationship as a function of the aperture and fracture density indicates that laboratory‐scale fracture properties of a single fracture can be applied to multiple fractures on a larger scale. Our findings can be used to interpret temporal changes in seismic observations and to monitor fluid flow in fractures.
Drop Size Spectra from Nozzles in High-Speed Airstreams

ABSTRACT Alaser system was used to measure drop size spectra of fan and cone nozzles in a wind tunnel. Tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of flow rate, nozzle orientation angle, and airspeed on the drop size spectrum. The volume median diameter ranges from 142 to 927 jum. The range and relative span of the drop size spectra are presented. Also the potential drift hazard of the drop spectra are discussed.
Damage Assessment of Unreinforced Stone Masonry Buildings After the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquakes

The sequence of earthquakes that has affected Christchurch and Canterbury since September 2010 has caused damage to a great number of buildings of all construction types. Following post-event damage surveys performed between April 2011 and June 2011, an inventory of the stone masonry buildings in Christchurch and surrounding areas was carried out in order to assemble a database containing the characteristic features of the building stock, as a basis for studying the vulnerability factors that might have influenced the seismic performance of the stone masonry building stock during the Canterbury earthquake sequence. The damage suffered by unreinforced stone masonry buildings is reported and different types of observed failures are described using a specific survey procedure currently in use in Italy. The observed performance of seismic retrofit interventions applied to stone masonry buildings is also described, as an understanding of the seismic response of these interventions is of fundamental importance for assessing the utility of such strengthening techniques when applied to unreinforced stone masonry structures.
Fundamental limitations in passive time delay estimation--Part I: Narrow-band systems

Time delay estimation of a noise-like random signal observed at two or more spatially separated receivers is a problem of considerable practical interest in passive radar/sonar applications. A new method is presented to analyze the mean-square error performance of delay estimation schemes based on a modified (improved) version of the Ziv-Zakai lower bound (ZZLB). This technique is shown to yield the tightest results on the attainable system performance for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. For delay estimation using narrow-band (ambiguity-prone) signals, the fundamental result of this study is illustrated in Fig. 3. The entire domain of SNR is divided into several disjoint segments indicating several distinct modes of operation. If the available SNR does not exceed SNR 1 , signal observations from the receiver outputs are completely dominated by noise thus essentially useless for the delay estimation. As a result, the attainable mean-square error \bar{\epsilon}^{2} is bounded only by the a priori parameter domain. If SNR 1 2 , the modified ZZLB coincides with the Barankin bound. In this regime differential delay observations are subject to ambiguities. If SNR > SNR 3 the modified ZZLB coincides with the Cramer-Rao lower bound indicating that the ambiguity in the differential delay estimation can essentially be resolved. The transition from the ambiguity-dominated mode of operation to the ambiguity-free mode of operation starts at SNR 2 and ends at SNR 3 . This is the threshold phenomenon in time delay estimation. The various deflection points SNR i and the various segments of the bound (Fig. 3) are given as functions of such important system parameters as time-bandwidth product (WT), signal bandwidth to center frequency ratio (W/ω 0 ) and the number of half wavelengths of the signal center frequency contained in the spacing between receivers. With this information the composite bound illustrated in Fig. 3 provides the most complete characterization of the attainable system performance under any prespecified SNR conditions.
Used Cars Price Prediction using Supervised Learning Techniques

The production of cars has been steadily increasing in the past decade, with over 70 million passenger cars being produced in the year 2016. This has given rise to the used car market, which on its own has become a booming industry. The recent advent of online portals has facilitated the need for both the customer and the seller to be better informed about the trends and patterns that determine the value of a used car in the market. Using Machine Learning Algorithms such as Lasso Regression, Multiple Regression and Regression trees, we will try to develop a statistical model which will be able to predict the price of a used car, based on previous consumer data and a given set of features. We will also be comparing the prediction accuracy of these models to determine the optimal one.
Wandartige Monoglasstützen unter axialen Drucklasten und Biegung

Das Stabilitätsverhalten monolithischer Glasstützen bei reiner Drucklast ist mittlerweile weitgehend geklärt. Das Augenmerk richtet sich nun auf Stabilitätsfälle mit kombinierter Belastung. Hierzu zählt u.a. die gleichzeitige Einwirkung aus axialen Drucklasten und horizontalen Querlasten. Einen Anwendungsfall stellen wandartige Glasstützen im Fassadenbereich dar. Die analytische Bemessung solcher stabilitätsgefährdeter Glasbauteile unter kombinierter Beanspruchung wird im vorliegenden Aufsatz vorgestellt, was sich vorerst auf monolithische Querschnitte beschränkt. Die Verifizierung der analytischen Gleichungen erfolgt durch Experimente und Numerik. Eine Übertragung dieser Ergebnisse auf Verbundglasscheiben folgt in Kürze.
Energy efficient brick kilns for sustainable environment

AbstractBricks are one of the most commonly used materials in building construction. In recent decades, rapid urbanization has led to an increase in construction activities, hence the usage of bricks as well. However, the conventional brick kilns are not energy efficient and the emissions from the brickfields are severely polluting the environment. Therefore, comprehensive investigation is crucial for sustainable development of brick manufacturing industries. In this study, brick burning techniques, types of fuel, energy consumption, emitted pollutants, and their environmental effects in the context of the southern region of Bangladesh have been presented. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the Greater Khulna region along with secondary sources. From an analysis of the collected data, some suggestions on the use of energy efficient brick kilns and a comparative study of the various kilns are formulated in the paper. The study has found that conventional brick kilns (such as the Clamp me.