Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrate source apportionment using a combined dual isotope, chemical and bacterial property, and Bayesian model approach in river systems

Nitrate (NO3−) pollution is a serious problem worldwide, particularly in countries with intensive agricultural and population activities. Previous studies have used δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− to determine the NO3− sources in rivers. However, this approach is subject to substantial uncertainties and limitations because of the numerous NO3− sources, the wide isotopic ranges, and the existing isotopic fractionations. In this study, we outline a combined procedure for improving the determination of NO3− sources in a paddy agriculture‐urban gradient watershed in eastern China. First, the main sources of NO3− in the Qinhuai River were examined by the dual‐isotope biplot approach, in which we narrowed the isotope ranges using site‐specific isotopic results. Next, the bacterial groups and chemical properties of the river water were analyzed to verify these sources. Finally, we introduced a Bayesian model to apportion the spatiotemporal variations of the NO3− sources. Denitrification was first incorporated into the Bayesian model because denitrification plays an important role in the nitrogen pathway. The results showed that fertilizer contributed large amounts of NO3− to the surface water in traditional agricultural regions, whereas manure effluents were the dominant NO3− source in intensified agricultural regions, especially during the wet seasons. Sewage effluents were important in all three land uses and exhibited great differences between the dry season and the wet season. This combined analysis quantitatively delineates the proportion of NO3− sources from paddy agriculture to urban river water for both dry and wet seasons and incorporates isotopic fractionation and uncertainties in the source compositions.
IoT sensor nodes for air pollution monitoring: A review

Air quality is an important environmental concern, as it is strictly related to human health risks and adverse eff ects on it. Monitoring air pollutants and diff erent ancillary parameters is a feasible and crucial approach to address this challenge. This task typically involves high expenses in case measurements are carried out by using conventi onal measurement instruments and human operators. However, uti lizing measurement systems with low-cost sensors can reduce the overall implementati on eff ort. The aim of this paper is to describe the sensor node architecture applicable to a general monitoring system and based on this structure, review diff erent current low-cost measurement system proposals for outdoor air quality monitoring.
The Effect of the Guided Inquiry Model on the Reasoning Abilities of Elementary School Students

This study aims to determine the effect of the guided inquiry learning model on students' reasoning ability in science subjects in class V SD Muhammadiyah 5 Porong. Using a quantitative approach, this type of research is a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest. The population in this study were all fifth-grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 5 Porong, with a total of 22 students. The sample in this study is to use saturated samples because the number of students is less than 30, with a total of 22 students. Primary data is in students' pretest and posttest reasoning ability test results and secondary data is in photo documentation. Data collection is done by giving reasoning ability tests to students. The collected data were analyzed using hypothesis testing using the paired t-test formula. The results of hypothesis testing using paired t-tests stated that the results of the significance value of 0.066, which means > 0.05, so that Ha is accepted, and H0 is rejected. There is an effect of using the guided inquiry learning model on the reasoning ability of elementary school students in learning science.
Remarks on the diversity and echolocation calls of hipposiderid bats (Chirroptera: Hipposideridae) in Cuc Phuong National Park, northeastern Vietnam

Cuc Phuong is the oldest and most well-known National Park in Vietnam. With its large primary forest area and karst cave systems, it is assumed to be an ideal home to a highly diverse bat fauna. However, species diversity and echolocation of bats in this park are poorly characterized. Between April 2021 and April 2022, three bat surveys were conducted in the park with special attention on the species of the family Hipposideridae. The bat specimens collected previously from the park were also examined. According to past records, hipposiderids in the park comprised at least seven species: Aselliscus stoliczkanus, Coelops frithii, Hipposideros alongensis, Hipposideros armiger, Hipposideros gentilis, Hipposideros lylei and Hipposideros poutensis. In this series of field surveys, six of these seven species were captured while Coelops frithii was only confirmed from specimen examination. Each species is clearly distinguishable by their morphology and echolocation calls. This study provides the first comparison of echolocation calls of all seven species which will be useful for potential acoustic identification and monitoring bats in the park and surrounding areas in future.
The conditions of agricultural growth: The economics of agrarian change under population pressure

This book sets out to investigate the process of agrarian change from new angles and with new results. It starts on firm ground rather than from abstract economic theory. Upon its initial appearance, it was heralded as "a small masterpiece, which economic historians should read--and not simply quote"--Giovanni Frederico, Economic History Services. The Conditions of Agricultural Growth remains a breakthrough in the theory of agricultural development. In linking ethnography with economy, developmental studies reached new heights. Whereas "development" had been seen previously as the transformation of traditional communities by the introduction (or imposition) of new technologies, Ester Boserup argues that changes and improvements occur from within agricultural communities, and that improvements are governed not simply by external interference, but by those communities themselves Using extensive analyses of the costs and productivity of the main systems of traditional agriculture, Ester Boserup concludes that technical, economic, and social changes are unlikely to take place unless the community concerned is exposed to the pressure of population growth.
Bird In A Cage Legal Reform In China After Mao

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Efficacy and Safety of Ibrutinib for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) serves as a potentially curative intervention for various hematologic disorders. However, its utility can be limited by the emergence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). The clinical manifestations of cGVHD result from a complex immune response characterized by the involvement of both B and T cells. Ibrutinib, a pharmacological agent, acts as an inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) pathway, which becomes activated through the B-cell receptor and regulates B-cell survival. By exerting inhibitory effects on both BTK and inhibitor of interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), ibrutinib exhibits promise as a therapeutic approach for managing cGVHD. Ibrutinib may be considered as a viable treatment option for active cGVHD in cases where patients exhibit an inadequate response to corticosteroid-based therapies. This systematic review seeks to assess the efficacy and safety of ibrutinib in the context of cGVHD patient management. Method: We incorporated search engines from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The study was performed following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and Assessing The Methodological Quality of Systematic Review (AMSTAR). We used Risk of Bias- 2 (RoB-2) tool for assess the risk of bias in randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational and open-label studies. Results: A total of 7 studies were included in this study consisted of four open-label studies, two retrospective cohort studies, and one RCT study. These studies compared Ibrutinitib with standard therapies. Two studies investigated the pediatric population, and five studies investigated the adult population. Overall, these studies reported the overall response rate (ORR) of ibrutinib for cGVHD were 54%-78%. The results showed that in pediatric patients, the ORR were 54-78%. The results also showed that in adult patients, the ORR were 67%-76%. The most common adverse effects observed across the seven studies included pyrexia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, cough, nausea, stomatitis, vomiting, headache, bleeding and bruising, infection, muscle aches, fatigue, oral bleeding, elevated transaminases, lower gastrointestinal bleeding, persistent dizziness, sepsis, pneumonia, reduced platelet count, exhaustion, sleeplessness, peripheral edema, and fatigue. Conclusion: The majority of studies have indicated that ibrutinib exhibits a high ORR and provides long-lasting responses, while also having manageable side effects.
Development of Liposomes That Target Axon Terminals Encapsulating Berberine in Cultured Primary Neurons

Most of the energy in neurons is produced in mitochondria. Mitochondria generate the ATP that is essential for neuronal growth, function, and regeneration. Mitochondrial axonal transport plays a crucial role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and biological activity. Decreased mitochondrial axonal transport at axon terminals, where the metabolism of substances is likely to be delayed, may contribute to neurological dysfunction. Therefore, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics at axon terminals has attracted considerable interest as a strategy to modulate neuronal function. Nanoparticles may be useful in controlling local mitochondrial dynamics. Nevertheless, there are few reports on the influence of drug delivery that nanoparticles impart on the mitochondrial dynamics in neurons. This paper reports the results of a study using liposomes (LPs) to examine local drug delivery and pharmacological actions on neurons. We tested berberine (BBR), which is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), to examine the utility of this drug as a cellular energy sensor. Axon terminals targeting LPs were prepared. The amount of axon terminals targeting LPs was increased compared with treatment using cationic LPs. Moreover, axon terminal-targeting LPs increased anterograde transport by about 40% compared with that of either naked BBR or cationic LPs and suppressed axonal retraction. Our findings suggest that local drug delivery to neurons is important for enhancing pharmacological activity in axon terminals.
Patterns and kinetics of hepatocellular carcinoma relapse post-liver transplantation: oligorecurrence and role of local therapies

Background Amongst patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) post-liver transplantation, systemic therapy options may be limited by immunosuppression or poor performance status. Thus, we aimed to assess the impact of metastasis-directed therapy to all sites of disease (MDT-All) in HCC patients with limited disease recurrence [i.e., oligorecurrence (oligoM1)] post-transplantation and characterize pre-transplant characteristics associated with oligoM1. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, patients at a single institution with recurrent HCC post-liver transplantation were identified. OligoM1 disease was defined as ≤3 lesions at recurrence, while polyrecurrent (polyM1) disease was defined as >3 lesions. Outcomes were compared in patients with oligoM1 disease by receipt of MDT-All. Regression analyses were used to identify predictors of polyM1 disease and characteristics associated with post-recurrence outcomes. Results Forty-three patients with recurrent HCC post-liver transplantation from 2005–2022 were identified. Twenty-seven (63%) patients had oligoM1. Microvascular invasion was independently associated with polyM1 [odds ratio (OR): 14.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48–144.77; P=0.022]. Elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥400 ng/mL [hazard ratio (HR): 2.44; 95% CI: 1.08, 5.52; P=0.033] at recurrence was independently associated with inferior overall survival (OS), while oligoM1 (HR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.87; P=0.018) was independently associated with favorable OS. Amongst patients with oligoM1 who received MDT-All (n=15) median OS was 38.4 vs. 16.1 months for those who did not receive MDT-All (log-rank P=0.021). There was a non-significant improvement in polyprogression-free survival (polyPFS) (median 14.0 vs. 10.7 months, P=0.1) amongst oligoM1 patients who received MDT-All compared to those who did not. Conclusions Receipt of MDT-All was associated with improved OS amongst patients with limited HCC disease recurrence following liver transplantation.
Dynamics of the Bingham Canyon rock avalanches (Utah, USA) resolved from topographic, seismic, and infrasound data

The 2013 Bingham Canyon Mine rock avalanches represent one of the largest cumulative landslide events in recorded U.S. history and provide a unique opportunity to test remote analysis techniques for landslide characterization. Here we combine aerial photogrammetry surveying, topographic reconstruction, numerical runout modeling, and analysis of broadband seismic and infrasound data to extract salient details of the dynamics and evolution of the multiphase landslide event. Our results reveal a cumulative intact rock source volume of 52 Mm3, which mobilized in two main rock avalanche phases separated by 1.5 h. We estimate that the first rock avalanche had 1.5–2 times greater volume than the second. Each failure initiated by sliding along a gently dipping (21°), highly persistent basal fault before transitioning to a rock avalanche and spilling into the inner pit. The trajectory and duration of the two rock avalanches were reconstructed using runout modeling and independent force history inversion of intermediate‐period (10–50 s) seismic data. Intermediate‐ and shorter‐period (1–50 s) seismic data were sensitive to intervals of mass redirection and constrained finer details of the individual slide dynamics. Back projecting short‐period (0.2–1 s) seismic energy, we located the two rock avalanches within 2 and 4 km of the mine. Further analysis of infrasound and seismic data revealed that the cumulative event included an additional 11 smaller landslides (volumes ~104–105 m3) and that a trailing signal following the second rock avalanche may result from an air‐coupled Rayleigh wave. Our results demonstrate new and refined techniques for detailed remote characterization of the dynamics and evolution of large landslides.
Influence of Three Gorge reservoir filled with water on freshwater resource in the Yangtze River estuary

On June 1-15 and October 2021,2003,the Three Gorge reservoir was filled with water.In June,the discharge at Datong hydrological station reduced by 37 percent,and the lasting time of freshwater at the observation station decreased by 40 percent.The maximum salinity and average salinity increased 3 times and 6 times,respectively.In October,the discharge at Datong station decreased by half,and the freshwater resource reduced,too.The maximum salinity increased 3 times compared with the averaged one.This paper discusses the aspects of the discharges along the Yangtze River,the acute change of the discharge,the time affecting the estuary and the affection factors.At last,the conclusion is drawn that the Three Gorge reservoir filled with water reduces the fresh water resource in the Yangtae River estuary.
Residence Time Distribution of Multiple Particles in Four Configurations of Holding Tubes

Residence time distributions of multiple particles (as affected by process and system parameters) were investigated during non-Newtonian tube flow. Process parameters included flow rate, particle type, carrier fluid viscosity, and particle concentration. The system parameter of interest was the holding tube configuration. Polystyrene and acrylic particles were used as model food particles. Digital imaging analysis was used to obtain residence time data of particles. A novel type of holding tube (chaotic holding tube) was constructed. Comparisons among the straight, single helical, double helical, and chaotic holding tube were performed in terms residence time distribution (RTD) of particles. In addition, the effect of inclination angle (0 º and 45 º) of the chaotic holding tube was investigated. It was found that the narrowest RTD of particles was obtained in the single helical holding tube. RT std in the chaotic holding tube was greater than that in the single helical holding tube, but lower than those in the straight and double helical holding tubes. The most significant process parameter affecting RTD was flow rate. The effect of flow rate was more pronounced for high density (acrylic) particles. Carrier fluid viscosity, particle type, and particle concentration did not have significant effects on the overall RT std. Trends observed in the chaotic holding tube were similar to those observed in the single helical holding tube. However, there were some cases where use of chaotic holding tube resulted in narrower RTD of particles. Changing the inclination angle from 0 º to 45 º in the chaotic holding tube resulted in wider RTD of both types of particles. Denizli, a small town in the Aegean region of Turkey. In 1993, her family moved to the capital city, Ankara, where she attended high school and college. She graduated from Middle East Technical University in 2002, with a B.S degree in Food Engineering. In the summer of 2002, she was admitted to the graduate school at North Carolina State University where she began her Master of Science degree in the Department of Food Science. She currently works as a research assistant in the same department. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Model of cochlear microphonic explores the tuning and magnitude of hair cell transduction current

The mammalian cochlea relies on the active forcing of sensory outer hair cells (OHCs) to amplify traveling wave responses along the basilar membrane. These forces are the result of electromotility, wherein current through the OHCs leads to conformational changes in the cells that provide stresses on surrounding structures. OHC transducer current can be detected via the voltage in the scala tympani (the cochlear microphonic, CM), and the CM can be used as an indicator of healthy cochlear operation. The CM represents a summation of OHC currents (the inner hair cell contribution is known to be small) and to use CM to probe the properties of OHC transduction requires a model that simulates that summation. We developed a ﬁnite element model for that purpose. The pattern of current generators (the model input) was initially based on basilar membrane displacement, with the current size based on in vitro data. The model was able to reproduce the amplitude of experimental CM results reasonably well when the input tuning was enhanced slightly (peak increased by (cid:1) 6 dB), which can be regarded as additional hair bundle tuning, and with a current/input value of 200–260 pA/nm, which is (cid:1) 4 times greater than the largest in vitro measures.
Prevalence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Children Admitted to Pediatric ‎Intensive Care Units in the Middle East: A Systematic Review

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common healthcare-associated disease in intensive care units, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. This systematic review aims to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and prevention strategies for VAP in the Middle East. PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to include the relevant literature. Rayyan QCRI was used throughout this systematic approach. Ten studies, involving a total of 6295 patients diagnosed with VAP, were included in this review. Among these patients, 336 (5.3%) developed VAP. The prevalence of VAP in children and neonates in the Middle East was relatively low. Risk factors associated with VAP development included prematurity, low birth weight, prolonged mechanical ventilation, enteral feeding, intrusive devices such as umbilical catheters, and cardiac operations. All reviewed studies emphasized the importance of infection control measures in reducing the risk of VAP.
Uncovering Primary Extranodal Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma in the Adrenal and Thyroid Glands

Case series Patients: Female, 69-year-old • Female, 59-year-old Final Diagnosis: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma Symptoms: Abdominal pain • thyroid gland enlargement • hoarseness • dysphagia Clinical Procedure: Adrenalectomy • en bloc resection • nephrectomy • thyroidectomy Specialty: Oncology • Surgery Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Primary extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare, yet highly aggressive and invasive malignancy that can masquerade as a solid organ tumor. Timely diagnosis is critical for improving prognosis; however, it is challenging to achieve. Case Reports: We report 2 cases treated at Yale New Haven Hospital (New Haven, CT, USA) and the West Haven Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center (West Haven, CT, USA) in 2023. Case 1 describes a 69-year-old woman who presented with a large left adrenal mass that was suspicious for adrenocortical carcinoma and was found to have primary adrenal DLBCL following surgical resection. Case 2 describes a 59-year-old woman with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and goiter who was found to have primary thyroid DLBCL following partial thyroidectomy. Conclusions: Primary extranodal DLBCL should be included in the differential diagnosis of solid adrenal and thyroid tumors. The risks of biopsy, given currently available techniques, should be weighed against the benefits of achieving a definite diagnosis, allowing for timely initiation of systemic immunochemotherapy. When biopsy can be safely performed, techniques designed to evaluate for DLBCL should be incorporated.
Utility of Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) Reforecast for Medium-Range Drought Prediction in India

AbstractMedium-range (~7 days) forecasts of agricultural and hydrologic droughts can help in decision-making in agriculture and water resources management. India has witnessed severe losses due to extreme weather events during recent years and medium-range forecasts of precipitation, air temperatures (maximum and minimum), and hydrologic variables (root-zone soil moisture and runoff) can be valuable. Here, the skill of the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) reforecast of precipitation and air temperatures is evaluated using retrospective data for the period of 1985–2010. It is found that the GEFS forecast shows better skill in the nonmonsoon season than in the monsoon season in India. Moreover, skill in temperature forecast is higher than that of precipitation in both the monsoon and nonmonsoon seasons. The lower skill in forecasting precipitation during the monsoon season can be attributed to representation of intraseasonal variability in precipitation from the GEFS. Among the selected regions, the n.