Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wetland mapping with LiDAR derivatives, SAR polarimetric decompositions, and LiDAR–SAR fusion using a random forest classifier

In this paper, we assess the use of Random Forest (RF) for mapping land cover classes within Mer Bleue bog, a large northern peatland in southeastern Ontario near Ottawa, Canada, using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Not only has RF been shown to improve classification accuracies over more traditional classifiers, but it also provides useful information on the statistical importance of individual input image bands for land cover classification. Our specific objectives in this study were to: (i) assess the robustness of a RF approach to northern peatland classification; (ii) examine variable importance resulting from the RF classifications to identify which imagery types, derivatives, and analysis scales are most useful for mapping different classes of northern peatlands; (iii) assess if fusion of different LiDAR and SAR variables can improve classification accuracies at Mer Bleue; and (iv) assess physical interpretability of the multisensor image types and derivatives with respect to biophysical attributes associated with peatland classes. Our results show that the fusion of SAR with LiDAR imagery and derivatives at this study site did not provide additional classification accuracy over the use of LiDAR derivatives alone. Nevertheless, the RF-based approach presented here has strong potential to improve mapping and imagery classification of wetlands and may also help researchers and practitioners improve information extraction and land cover classification in other application areas benefitting from large volumes of multi-sensor imagery.
Community Validation as a Method to Establish Trustworthiness in Qualitative LIS Research

A core aspect of the scientific process is the verification of the credibility of findings. In research with a qualitative and mixed methods approach, there is ongoing discussion on the most effective method to validate results. Discussed in this poster is the efficacy of community validation as a novel method to determine trustworthiness of research findings. This involved research with ‘not‐yet‐participants’ to explore the accuracy of researcher findings from analysis of interview data collected in an earlier exercise from a different, but related, community of informants. The use of community validation here resulted in increased interpretive power of initial results, and of new results to develop understanding of the topic. It is concluded that community validation expands upon current methods of determining trustworthiness in research with a qualitative approach. It is particularly useful for research with participants who are not the population of direct interest, but informants who supply data based on their own observations of the members of the target population, such as Library and Information Science (LIS) practitioners.
Group formation in reverse auction service e-commerce

The study of group formation has begun in the sixties and is still the locus of much research. Few studies have studied the determinants of group formation. However, as group formation is setting-specific, many important settings have been left unstudied. One such setting is e-commerce, particularly in a service context. In this paper, we fill this gap by making two main contributions; first, we synthesize the literature on the determinants of group formation, and second, we develop hypotheses aiming to explain group formation in group reverse auction service e-commerce
Source rupture process of the Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake of August 17, 1999, obtained by joint inversion of near‐field data and teleseismic data

The rupture process of the 1999 Turkey earthquake is examined using both near‐field strong motion data and teleseismic body wave data. The derived source parameters are as follows: (strike, dip, slip) = (268°, 86°, 180°), nearly pure strike‐slip; the seismic moment, Mo = 1.7 × 1020 Nm (Mw = 7.4); the source duration = 20 sec; the fault length = 70 km; the fault width = 15 km. The rupture process is characterized by an asymmetric bilateral rupture propagation and smooth slip. It consists of two major fault segments, a rupture propagating to the west and a second rupture propagating to the east. The maximum dislocation and the maximum dislocation velocity are 6.3 m and 2.7 m/s, respectively, both found at the former segment. The average dislocation is about 4 m. The extent of the coseismic rupture suggests that a considerable part of the anticipated seismic gap remains unruptured.
UNDERSTANDING ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS AMONG CARNIVORES, UNGULATES AND FARMERS IN BHUTAN'S JIGME SINGYE WANGCHUCK NATIONAL PARK

Villages in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, central Bhutan, report livestock depredation by wild carnivores including leopard (Panthera pardus), tiger (Panthera tigris), Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibettanus) and dhole (Cuon alpinus). In a survey of 274 households in six different geogs (sub-districts) within the park, 21.2% of households surveyed reported losses of a total of 2.3% of their domestic animals to wild predators over 12 months. This loss equated to an average annual financial loss equal to 17% (US$ 44.72) of their total per-capita cash income. Total reported losses during 2000 amounted to US$ 12,252, of which leopard and tiger kills accounted for 82% (US$ 10,047). Annual mean livestock loss per household reporting loss was 1.29 head of stock, equating to more than two-thirds of their annual cash income of US$250. Lax herding, inadequate guarding practices and overgrazing may have contributed to livestock losses. About 60% of the households lacked proper stables for corralling their livestock at night and there was a significant correlation between the number of livestock lost and the distance between the household and the grazing pasture. Overall, reported predation rates have increased since the inception of the Park in 1993 and since implementation of the Forest and Nature Conservation Act in 1995, which prioritizes some of Bhutan’s key livestock predators for conservation. I propose livestock intensification programs, including pasture improvement, and financial compensation as short-term measures to reduce conflict between people and predators. In the long-term, I recommend that the feasibility of an insurance scheme should be tested, the possibility of relaxing the resource use restrictions in the Forest and Nature Conservation Act of 1995 be explored, and that farmers should be
Analysis on the Neotectonic Activity and Bad Geological Phenomenon Caused by it in Beijing Plain Areas

A large amount of data on geophysics,drilling,exploratory trench and regional geology show that the neotectonic activity is stronger in Beijing plain area,and has caused a series of bad geological phenomena,such as earthquake,ground crack and uneven surface subsidence,which seriously damage farmland,highways,and other buildings,so we should attach great attentions to these issues in future economic development and construction planning.
Rhetorical Moves and the Evaluative ‘that’ in Research Article Abstracts of Applied Linguistics Published in the Libyan Local Journals

Rhetorical moves and evaluative-that construction in research article (RA) abstracts have been one of the most productive areas of discourse studies of the past decade. The present study aims to answer two research questions. The first research question is to show how a well-organized RA abstract is constructed by academic Libyan writers. The second one is to look into how academic Libyan writers evaluate the propositional contents in RA abstracts. The study adopts a mixed-method approach to analyze the data of this study. The corpus consists of 50 RA abstracts written by NNS of English (i.e. Academic Libyan writers). Drawing on a corpus of 9123 words taken from one discipline (Applied Linguistics, AL), the Hyland model (2000) is used to analyze the rhetorical moves, and Hyland and Tse model (2005b) is used to analyze the structure of that -clauses. The results reveal that all the moves based on Hyland (2005) framework are prominent in the present data. Notably, the findings display that academic Libyan writers used Move 2 (Purpose) more than the other moves. In addition, academic Libyan authors found enough space to explicitly express the evaluations of the propositions presented in their researches. The study also revealed that the academic Libyan writers tended to evaluate their findings via that-clauses while most frequently attributing their evaluations to abstract sources. They mainly conveyed epistemic stance by that-clauses were mostly expressed with verbal predicates.
ANNALES DE L’INSTITUT FOURIER

— We give necessary and suﬃcient conditions for an orthogonal group deﬁned over a global ﬁeld of characteristic 6 = 2 to contain a maximal torus of a given type. Résumé. — Nous donnons des conditions nécessaires et suﬃsantes pour qu’un groupe orthogonal déﬁni sur un corps global de caractéristique 6 = 2 contienne un tore maximal d’un type donné.
Mapping drought risk in Indonesia related to El-Niño hazard

This work is aimed to identify areas in the country that are at high propensity to the impact of global climate phenomenon i.e. El-Nino. An affected area is recognized when rainfall decreases up to below normal condition which frequently leads drought event. For this purpose, two packages of gridded rainfall data at monthly basis with 0.5 spatial resolutions for 1950 2010 period were used, e.g. GPCC Full Data Reanalysis V.6 (product of Global Precipitation Climatology Centre) and CRU TS3.22 (product of Climatic Research Unit). El-Nino years were labelled based on Oceanic Nino Index, ONI. We applied frequency analysis to quantify the chance of El-Nino impact. GPCC data was found more accurate in representing rainfall observation than CRU data based on correlation test against station data. The results indicate the strong spatial and temporal dependencies of El-Nino impact. During peak of rainy and first transitional season (DJF and MAM), the probability to be affected by El-Nino is mostly less than 20% ove.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Males 10-49 Years attending Ishaka Adventist Hospital on Safe Male Circumcision

Uganda Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016 asserted that only 26% of adult males in Uganda were circumcised and HIV prevalence among uncircumcised males was higher (6.7%) than in circumcised males (4.5%). Safe male circumcision could reduce the risk of new infections of HIV among males by 60%. A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study among males involved 44 males aged 10-49 that were selected through a convenient sampling method focused on knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards safe male circumcision among males 10-49 years attending Ishaka Adventist Hospital in Ishaka-bushenyi municipality. Most males were Banyankole single aged 10-19(36.9%), with low formal education (54.4%) primary and (11.3%) none. 100% had heard about SMC, from radios (56.8%) and few from health workers (11.4%). They knew SMC for increasing sexual pleasure and avoiding other STIs but not HIV. 68.2% did not know where they could get SMC services from. Males agreed (65.5%) strongly agreed (31.8%) that Post SMC wounds take long to heal, while 43.3 and 36.6 agreed and strongly agreed that circumcised males perform better sexually. The majority of males were comfortable with local anesthesia (79.5%), whereas stitching and bandaging were opposed (29.5%) and (36.3%). 20.4% of males were circumcised, the Majority of having been circumcised below 10 years (44.4%) by majorly religious leaders (55.5%). Those circumcised receive pain management (66.6%) education on wound care (55.5%) and STIs screening (22.2%) while HIV screening by only 11.1%. There is considerably low knowledge of SMC and those that know about SMC know it for other purposes like sexual pleasure and sexual performance but not HIV prevention, while envy a few that know about SMC do not know where they can access SMC services from. Negative attitudes are basically on wound healing they fear that long and HIV risk reduction that they disagree with. While stitching and bandaging post-SMC wounds were opposed, local anesthesia and pain management had strong support for males. The government move of the SMC campaign for all males has low support from males 10-49 years it targets from the ground. While those that are circumcised do it at younger age < than 10 for other reasons mostly religious than HIV control.
In Press, Ieee Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development

1  Abstract— This position paper proposes that the study of embodied cognitive agents, such as humanoid robots, can advance our understanding of the cognitive development of complex sensorimotor, linguistic and social learning skills. This in turn will benefit the design of cognitive robots capable of learning to handle and manipulate objects and tools autonomously, to cooperate and communicate with other robots and humans, and to adapt their abilities to changing internal, environmental, and social conditions. Four key areas of research challenges are discussed, specifically for the issues related to the understanding of: (i) how agents learn and represent compositional actions; (ii) how agents learn and represent compositional lexicons; (iii) the dynamics of social interaction and learning; and (iv) how compositional action and language representations are integrated to bootstrap the cognitive system. The review of specific issues and progress in these areas is then translated into a practical roadmap based on a series of milestones. These milestones provide a possible set of cognitive robotics goals and test-scenarios, thus acting as a research roadmap for future work on cognitive developmental robotics.
3D geological modelling of igneous intrusions in LoopStructural v1.5.10

Over the last two decades, there have been significant advances to improve the 3D modelling of geological structures by incorporating geological knowledge into the model algorithms. These methods take advantage of different structural data types and do not require manual processing, making them robust and objective. Igneous intrusions have received little attention in 3D modelling workflows, and there is no current method that ensures the reproduction of intrusion shapes comparable to 10 those mapped in the field or in geophysical imagery. Intrusions are usually partly or totally covered, making the generation of realistic 3D models challenging without the modeller's intervention. In this contribution, we present a method to 3D model igneous intrusions considering geometric constraints consistent with emplacement mechanisms. Contact data and inflation and propagation direction are used to constrain the geometry of the intrusion. Conceptual models of the intrusion contact are fitted to the data, providing a characterisation of the intrusion thickness and width. The method is tested in synthetic and real-world 15 case studies and the results indicate that the method can reproduce expected geometries without manual processing and with restricted datasets. A comparison with Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation shows that our method can better reproduce complex geometries such as saucer-shaped sill complexes.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT INNOVATION DIMENSIONS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA.

The survival of any organization depends on its ability to manage and develop itself in terms of innovation. The capacity of a firm to innovate and bring about transformations will determine the degree to which the firm will enter the industry and the economy. However, evidence from literature has shown that DMBs' performance has been slow, due to inability to maintain competitive advantage, decline in productivity, low profitability, and reduced stakeholder satisfaction, which are suggestively due to insufficient s management innovation practices. Extant studies have attempted to elucidate on the challenges of DMBs and the attendant supposed solutions, conversely, most of the extant research focus on developed countries than developing countries, such as Nigeria. Hence, the study examined the effect of management innovation dimensions such as management structure, culture, and practices on performance of listed DMBs in Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted. The population was 403 directors and top-level management staff of listed DMBs in Nigeria. A sample size of 341 was determined using Cochran’s formula. Simple random sampling technique was adopted. A validated questionnaire was adopted for data collection. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.74 to 0.98. The response rate was 85%. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential (multiple) statistics. Findings revealed that management innovation dimensions had significant effect on performance of listed DMBs in Nigeria (Adj.R2 = 0. 812; F (4,335) = 366.910, p < 0.05). The study concluded that management innovation dimensions affected the performance of listed DMBs in Nigeria. The study recommended that for superior performance, top level management must seek new ways to innovate how things are done in the organization through the structures, practices and culture.
Associations between Caffeine Intake and the Risk of Mortality in Adults with Prediabetes: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2018

Background Prediabetes is a pre-clinical disease state, in which individuals have a higher risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and death compared to the general population. Recent studies have shown that consuming caffeine may decrease mortality risk in people with diabetes. However, it is not clear if the same effect exists in individuals with prediabetes. Objectives In this study, we investigated the potential impact of caffeine intake on the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in adults with prediabetes. Methods
Intracellular Acidi�cation in a Rat C6 Glioma Model Following Cariporide Injection Monitored by Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Selective acidiﬁcation of cancerous tissue induced pharmacologically may slow tumor growth and can be detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The sodium proton exchanger inhibitor cariporide can selectively acidify U87MG gliomas in mice. This study aimed to determine whether cariporide could selectively acidify C6 glioma tumors in rats with an intact immune system. C6 glioma cells were implanted in the right brain hemisphere of ten male Wistar rats. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI (9.4 T) was acquired on days 7–8 (N= 10) and 14–15 (N= 10) after implantation to measure in vivo tissue intracellular pH (pH i ) within the tumors and on the contralateral side. Intracellular pH was basic relative to contralateral tissue at both time points ( p < 0 . 05 ) assessed using the amine and amide concentration-independent detection (AACID) value. On day 14–15, measurements were made before and up to 160 minutes after cariporide injection (N= 6, dose: 6 mg/kg in 2 mL with 10% DMSO). Twenty minutes after drug injection, the average AACID value in the tumor signiﬁcantly increased by ∼ 6.4% compared to pre-injection, corresponding to 0.31 ± 0.20 lower pH i , while in contralateral tissue, AACID value increases signiﬁcantly by ∼ 4.3% compared to pre-injection, corresponding to 0.22 ± 0.19 lower pH i . Then the average AACID value returned to the baseline level in both tissues about an hour after the injection before trending back up in contralateral tissue 80 minutes and 100 minutes after injection. Control rats without tumors showed no changes following injection of cariporide in 10% or 1% DMSO. This study demonstrates the sensitivity of CEST-based pH-weighted imaging for monitoring the response of tumors to pharmacologically induced acidiﬁcation. Although cariporide did induce intracellular acidiﬁcation in the C6 glioma, this acidiﬁcation was not tumor selective in this model.
Relations between synovial ﬂuid and serum concentrations of osteocalcin and other markers of joint tissue turnover in the knee joint compared with peripheral blood

Objective —To determine if osteocalcin (OC) is locally produced in the joint and to study the relation between markers of bone, cartilage, and synovial tissue turn-over. Methods —The concentrations of OC, keratan sulphate epitope (5D4), and hyaluronate (HA) were measured in paired serum and synovial ﬂuid in 10 healthy volunteers and 15 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 16 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OC was measured with a commercial immunoradiometric assay and concentrations of 5D4 and HA were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent inhibition assays. Results —Synovial ﬂuid OC was found to be signiﬁcantly lower than serum (p< 0.001) in all patients and controls. Synovial ﬂuid OC concentrations were directly correlated with serum concentrations ( r =0.63, p<0.001) and with age ( r = 0.48, p< 0.01). There were also some relations between OC, HA, and 5D4 in patients with OA and RA. The OC concentrations were directly correlated with HA ( r =0.68, p<0.01) in OA serum and there was a similar correlation in RA synovial ﬂuid ( r =0.69, p<0.01). A weak negative correlation was found between OC and 5D4 in OA serum ( r =−0.55, p=0.035) while a weak positive correlation was found in RA serum ( r =0.53, p=0.034). Conclusions —These results show that more OC is present in the circulation than in knee joint ﬂuids suggesting that synovial ﬂuid OC may be derived from the blood.
EDUCATIONAL DIAGNOSIS IN RURAL POOR COMMUNITY ON TUBERCULOSIS

Background: Tuberculosis is a major communicable disease in india and leads the number one among high TB burdend countries. The aim is to arriving at an educational diagnosis about TB in a rural poor community on TB affected individual or his /her relative. Materials and Methods: It is community-based cross sectional study undertaken from rural area and we have selected 108 cases under NTEP-108 patients were selected for analysis The study area is a part of Primary Health Centre for the diagnosis of TB under NTEP. Under NTEP, sputum examination is the mainstay of diagnosis of TB and anti-TB drugs are provided free of cost for entire duration of treatment which is usually 6–8 months. Result: A total of 108 were interviewed. Out of them, 66.7% (72) considered TB as a serious disease. Regarding the symptoms of TB, 81% were aware that cough is a symptom of TB. Weight loss (30%), blood in sputum (70%), and fever (39%). Also, 1% reported that vomiting as a symptom of TB and diarrhea by 2% of respondents. However, 10% of respondents were not aware of any symptom. Of the alternatives given, 80% answered “direct contact with TB patient” to be the most important reason for the spread of TB. General precautionary measures to be used to avoid getting TB infection as most frequently selected answer (90%) was “keeping distance with TB patient”. vaccination was not recognized as