Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operando reduction of elastic modulus in ( Pr , Ce ) O 2 d thin fi lms

Non-stoichiometric oxides are key functional materials within technologies such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and gas sensors that often exhibit interdependent electrochemical and mechanical properties affecting operando mechanical stability. Here, we explore this electrochemomechanical coupling experimentally and computationally for (Pr, Ce)O2 d (PCO), a model SOFC cathode material. We quantified Young's elastic modulus E of PCO thin films in situ, at temperatures up to 600 C and oxygen partial pressures pO2 down to 10 3 atm via environmentally controlled nanoindentation. The observed significant reduction (up to 40%) in E with increased temperature or decreased pO2 correlated with changes in oxygen vacancy concentration d and lattice parameter a expected due to chemical expansion. We confirmed the trend of decreased E with increased d and a via first principles calculations for bulk PCO. The experimentally observed decrease in E vs. pO2 and temperature was more extreme than predicted by bulk computations, and is anticipated from the higher concentration of vacancies in thin films relative to bulk. These results demonstrate that accurate models of deformation in thin-film devices comprising these chemomechanically coupled oxides may differ markedly from bulk counterparts, and must reflect significant, reversible decreases in elastic moduli resulting from increased temperature and decreased pO2. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
Bed-sore and Associated Factors Among Patients Admitted at Surgical Wards of Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Background: Bed sore has long been recognized as major cause of morbidity, mortality and health care burden globally and worst in developing countries like Ethiopia. It is one of key performance indicators of quality of care provided to patient. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess magnitude of bed sore and associated factors among patients admitted to surgical ward of Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia. Method: We conducted institution-based cross-sectional study from February- June, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was applied to select 237 patients who were admitted to surgical ward of Hospital. We collected data through face to face interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire, prepared check lists and physical examination. After collection, we entered data into Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 23. We conducted descriptive analysis and logistic regressions to identify factors associated with dependent variable. We declared presence of statistically significant association at p-value less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Results: Eight patients or 3.4% among 237 admitted patients developed bedsore. Patients older than fifty three years (AOR=11.84, 95%CI (1.05, 133.259), living in rural area (AOR=6.64, 95%CI (1.09, 40.58) and being bedridden patient (AOR=7.82, 95%CI (1.27, 48.38) possessed factors associated with bedsore development. Conclusion and recommendation: The magnitude of bed sore was medium; but it needs improvement because it is one of criteria that indicate quality of service rendered in hospital. Bedsore occurrence was associated with increasing age, rural residence and being bedridden patient. Therefore, frequent positioning of the patient and health education for patients from rural areas and special and frequent care for those unable to care for themselves were needed to minimize occurrence of bed sore.
The Security Risk Issues of Smart Phones on a Global Level (A Case Study of the President of the United States, Barack Obama)

: During this modern age of technology, security risk issues of smartphones have increased recently, despite the high adoption of smartphones globally, with different ages of users and with a wide variety of smartphone functionalities and services, such as, video calls, multimedia services, and Bluetooth and Global Positioning System (GPS). User data and sensitive information has become more general and pervasive, because users have to agree on providing some of the personal details, for example, an email address in order to download an app in addition to software use, such as Viber and WhatsApp. Furthermore, users do not know if the mobile data accessed by application providers is legal or not. All these reasons make for an easy penetration of smartphones and the manipulation of personal information of users, either through malware or hackers. However, these risks will not stop in the future, as they evolve and grow with the development of technology. Moreover, it is not legally acceptable. Consequently, this report discusses the diffusion of smartphones, with an analysis of the increasing security risks of using smartphones globally. Also, this report covers security risk statistics and examples, in addition to focusing on the security threats aspects from malicious software and attacks by hackers. FlexiSpy and Ikee.B are examples of virus software. Usually consumers do not achieve the main purpose of using smartphones such as accessing their bank account and online shopping because of the worry of these threats. For example, 12 million Americans had their identity stolen. Furthermore, it affects businessmen, politicians and employees in companies. This paper focuses on legal and technical solutions which can control and manage the risks. Therefore, users and companies need to use some of these important legal measures and techniques when using smartphones in order to protect their devices from attacks. For example, users are advised to register with legal data protection companies and buy only legal copies of software security. Finally, the research discusses some legal security applications for users.
What are the employee’s factors that influence motivation to transfer training outcomes in Libya?

Important factors that influence the motivation to transfer in the work place are motivation to learn selfefficacy and job satisfaction. The association between these factors and motivation to transfer have been established by previous studies in western countries. However, there is a lack of related studies in Libya that could extend the understanding of the relationship between these factors and motivation to transfer. This study is conducted to address this gap. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to explore the factors that influence motivation to transfer training outcomes in Libyan public sector organizations. The data for this study has been collected from only one source which is the employees of public sector organization in Libya through a survey. The finding in this study shows that motivation to learn, job satisfaction and self-efficacy have a significant role as predictors of motivation to transfer training outcomes in Libya. The finding clarify that management in public sector organizations in Libya need assure that the employees are well satisfied and they have the capacity and motivation to gain new knowledge and skills from particular training they have attended, in order to maximize the motivation to transfer the recently acquired knowledge and skills. This study extended the discussion and the understanding on the employee’s factors that influence the motivation to transfer in public sector organizations in nonwestern context, specifically Libya, a developing country in North Africa.
Institutional Investor Preferences , Analyst Information Production , and the Informativeness of Prices

This study examines how the horizon of a firm's institutional investor base affects analysts' production of forecasts. Consistent with predictions from the Keynesian beauty contest literature that short-term investors prefer to trade on near-term information, we find that decreases in institutional investor horizon are associated with analysts' relative production of near-term rather than long-term forecasts. We use matched designs, stock index additions, and broker mergers to aid in the identification of these findings. Further, using a future earnings response coefficient design, we show that both decreases (increases) in institutional investor horizon and analysts’ relative production of near-term forecasts are associated with decreases (increases) in the informativeness of stock prices for future fundamentals. Overall, the findings are consistent with predictions from the Keynesian beauty contest literature that investor horizon influences the relative focus of public information production in the market and, consequently, the information content of security prices.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation in coastal sage scrub restoration1

We tested the hypothesis that field applications of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inocula would increase root colonization and plant performance in a coastal sage scrub (CSS) restoration project in Southern California. We applied commercial or native inocula (from nearby reference shrublands) as we seeded plots with native shrubs, forbs, and grasses. A control treatment was seeded but received no inocula. After 6 months, AM root colonization did not differ significantly among treatments. Likewise, neither inoculum type significantly altered shoot biomass of native shrubs and forbs at 6 months, or density of adult and seedling shrubs at 10 months. Notably, shoot height at 10 months was shorter in plots treated with commercial inoculum compared with the controls. In addition, flower and flower bud production by Salvia columbariae did not significantly respond to either inoculum type. Altogether, we found no evidence that AM inoculation improved restoration success in our CSS system.
ON HUMAN CAPITAL IN POST-CONFLICT SUDAN: SOME EXPLORATORY RESULTS

The objective of this paper is to provide relevant information on various aspects of human capital inherited by the country as it entered its post-conflict phase of development. Such information is judged important for planning the future development of the country. Using established data sets the paper shows that the country's human capital stock, defined as average years of schooling of population aged 15 years and over, is very low (2.1-2.3 years per person in 2000), below the threshold of 4 years beyond which increasing returns to scale for human capital begin to accrue. It is also shown that the average rate of return to human capital is rather low (about 6 percent per year of schooling), contrary to established perceptions on such rates for developing countries. Rates of return to education are higher for higher levels of education, also contrary to established perceptions. Such patterns have implications for the inequality in the distribution of human capital over time. Moreover, it is shown that the country inherited a high degree of inequality in the distribution of education as measured by the education Gini coefficient which for 2000 was 0.725. These and other results suggest the importance of designing a relevant educational reform program for postconflict Sudan. عازنلا دعب ام نادوس في يرشبلا لالما سأر لوح : ةيفاشكتسلاا جئاتنلا ضعب صخلم نادوسلا هثرو يذلا يرشبلا لالما سأر باوج فلتمخ لوح ةبولطلما تامولعلما يرفوت في ةقرولا هذه فده لثمتي تــلحرم لــخدي وـهو عازنــ لا دـعب اــم ةيومنــتلا ه . ةيــمنتلا لبقتــسم طيــطتخ ضارــغلأ تاــمولعلما هذـه لثــم ةيــهمأب دقتــعيو . ةـساردلا تاونـس طـسوتم هـأ ىلـع ًافرـعم ،يرـشبلا لاـلما سأر نأ ةـقرولا حـّضوت ةرفوتـلما تاـمولعلما دـعاوق مادختـسابو ةيرمعلا ةئفلا نـم ناكـسلل 15 ع ةياغلل ًايدتم ناك دق ،قوف امف ةنس ما 2000 ينب حوارتو ، 2.3-2.1 نع ّلقو ،درفلل ةنس وهو مجحلل ةديازتم دئاوع هيلع بتترت يذلا لالما سأرل حجرـلما ىوتـسلما 4 درفلل تاونس . ةقرولا تحضوأ لالحا كلذك وحنـب ردـق يذـلاو يرـشبلا لاـلما سأر ىلـع دئاـعلا لدـعم طـسوتم يـدت 6 ئاعلا لدعم عوزو ،ةيساردلا ةنسلل ةئالما في د نأ ظحولو ،ةيمانلا لودلا في لدعلما اذه كولس لوح تاعقوتلا سكع ىلع كلذو ميلعتلا ىوتسم عافترا عم عاـفترلاا ىلـع رورم عم يرشبلا لالما سأر عيزوت في ةاواسلما ةلاح ىلع سكعني يرشبلا لاـلما سأر ىلـع دئاـعلا كولـسل طمنـلا اذـه لثـم نمزـلا . نأ ةقرولا تحضوأ ،كلذ لىإ ةفاضلإاب اهسكعي امك ميلعتلا عيزوت في ةاواسلما مدعل ةعفترم ةجرد ثرو دق رطقلا لياوـبح ردـق يذـلاو ميـلعتلا عيزوتـل نييـج لماـعم 0.725 ماـعل 2000 . مـئلام جمارـب ةغايـص ةيـهمأ جئاتـنلا هذـه نيـعتو عازنلا دعب ام نادوسل يميلعتلا حلاصلإل .
Fiscal Multipliers in Integrated Local Labor Markets∗

I reveal and analyze a spatial mechanism for generating the aggregate fiscal multiplier. Government budgets balance nationally. This permits the geographic distribution of a government spending stimulus to vary independently from the geographic distribution of the tax burden. Given asymmetric economic geography, the resulting wedge between local spending and local tax burdens can generate an increase in aggregate GDP. This effect is independent of the behavioral response to taxation, thereby providing a distinct mechanism to the canonical New Keynesian and Neoclassical models. To analyze this, I bring in techniques from the International Trade literature: I construct a tractable general equilibrium representation of the fiscal multiplier in a spatially rich framework, and prove isomorphisms to canonical macroeconomic amplification mechanisms. I exploit local fiscal multiplier moments for identification, and estimate my model using US Federal defense procurement in the late 20th century and new interstate trade data for this period. I find that the internal geography of trade is a key determinant of the aggregate fiscal multiplier, characterizing a meaningful analogy to state-dependent fiscal multipliers with geography-dependent fiscal multipliers: greater changes in aggregate GDP are to be expected from spending that is concentrated in states that run a trade deficit.
Evaluation of Protein and Amino Acid Composition of Selected Spices Grown in the Middle Belt Region of Nigeria

A study was conducted to determine the suitability of six different spices (pepper, garlic, ginger, onion, curry leaf and tomatoes) with a view to appraising their nutritive values. For this purpose, crude protein and amino acid composition were determined using standard analytical techniques. The result gave crude protein content in percentage as; pepper (20.11), garlic (19.94), ginger (11.43), onion (10.36), curry leaf (25.67) and tomatoes (19.83). The Total Amino Acid (TAA) of pepper, garlic, ginger, onion, curry leaf and tomatoes were: 48.40, 66.25, 39.21, 40.21, 78.08 and 40.30 g/100g crude protein, respectively. The order of calculated isoelectric point (pI) was curry leaf > garlic > pepper > onion = tomatoes > ginger while that of Predicted Protein Efficiency Ratio (P-PER) was garlic > curry leaf > ginger > pepper > onion > tomatoes. The contents of Essential Amino Acid (EAA) in all the spice samples are generally lower than FAO/WHO recommended values except curry leaf which had a balance content of all the EAAs and garlic that was adequate only in Leu and Phe + Tyr based on FAO/WHO provisional pattern. So curry leaf is considered to be a valuable protein source for the human diet.
Convergence of an implicit scheme for diagonal non-conservative hyperbolic systems

In this paper, we consider diagonal non-conservative hyperbolic systems in one space dimension with monotone and large Lipschitz continuous data. Under a certain nonnegativity condition on the Jacobian matrix of the velocity of the system, global existence and uniqueness results of a Lipschitz solution for this system, which is not necessarily strictly hyperbolic, was proved in El Hajj and Monneau (J. Hyperbolic Differ. Equ. 10 (2013) 461–494). We propose a natural implicit scheme satisfiying a similar Lipschitz estimate at the discrete level. This property allows us to prove the convergence of the scheme without assuming it strictly hyperbolic.
Assessment of Maternal Satisfaction with the Quality of Obstetric Care Provided in the Maternity Unit of Mobini Hospital, Sabzevar, Iran

Background: Mothers and infants are considered as two vulnerable groups. Most problems occur during and immediately after delivery, which, if not addressed promptly, lead to death of mother, baby, or both. Maternal emotional support and midwifery care is one of non-pharmacologic methods of pain management during labor and delivery. Since the quality of midwifery care has an effective role in mothers' satisfaction with midwife's performance, this study was conducted to assess the quality of mothers' satisfaction with midwifery care. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 400 mothers admitted to the postpartum ward of Shahid Mobini Brothers Hospital of Sabzevar, Iran, were evaluated by simple convenience sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire entitled "Satisfaction with quality of midwifery care in labor and delivery room", and was confirmed by content validity method and reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (I± = 0.92). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. Results: The average age of mothers was 25.88 Â± 5.70 years old. The mean maternal satisfaction was 104.72 Â± 0.76. In satisfaction category, 1 were dissatisfied, 17.3 had moderate satisfaction, and 81.7 had high level of satisfaction. There was a significant relationship between the variables affecting the level of satisfaction including education, age, and number of maternal deliveries with satisfaction (P<0.05). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that mothers have high satisfaction with the quality of midwifery care in the maternity ward. This care is mainly performed by midwives, and midwifery tutors and students. Therefore, it is recommended to apply midwives in other areas requiring specialized midwifery performance.
Knowledge and Attitude regarding Burn First Aid among Female Campus Students in King Abdul-Aziz University

Background: Burns can cause a serious traumatic injury to the skin. The immediate burn first aid can prevent complication. Studies showed poor knowledge regarding burn first aid also there are few studies about the knowledge of burn first aid in Saudi Arabia. Purpose: The study aim was to assess the attitude and knowledge regarding burn first aid among female campus students in King Abdul-Aziz University. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study with an online survey toward female campus students at KAU with sample size 184 students. Result: A total of 184 participants responded to the survey. A 145 respondents (78.8 %) had previous background knowledge on burn first aid. 145 (78.8 %) has had experienced a burn injury . 107 (58.2 %) they removed accessories and clothing from the injury area. A 61 (33.2 %) they covered the burned area with a clean cloth and 99 (53.8 %) participants applied water. Cold water was used by 87 (47.3 %) as compared to warm water. In regard water duration, 62 (33.7 %) participants applied water for less than 5 minute, 25 (13.6 %) participants applied water between 5–10 minute, 6 (3.3 %) participants applied for 10–15 minute, and 3 (1.6 %) participants applied for more than 15 minute. 90 (48.9 %) participants sought medical assistance. Conclusions: The majority of respondents had a previous knowledge about burn first aid, however participants had poor attitude regarding the application. Our recommend to target larger number of sample size.
Effect of sex and nongenetic factors on birth weight of Sahiwal calves

The data on 2,857 Sahiwal calves born at NDRI, Karnal for the period of 1961–2007 were subjected to least squares analysis to find out the impact of important sources of variation on birth weight. The overall least squares mean for birth weight was 21.47±0.05 kg. The sex of the calf, season and period of birth had highly significant influence on birth weight of Sahiwal calves. The average birth weight of male calves (22.27±0.07 kg) was 1.64 kg (7.95%) higher than female calves (20.63±0.07 kg). Calves born during rainy season had significantly lower birth weight (21.19±0.11 kg) in comparison to those born during winter season (21.61±0.08 kg).
COVID-19 and our DNA

On December 31st 2019, Chinese Health Authorities in Wuhan city of their Hubei province, diagnosed 29 pneumonia cases of unknown etiology and informed WHO (World Health Organization). The unknown virus resembled SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), that occurred in China in November 2002, caused by a novel corona virus spilling over from an animal reservoir and transmitted by respiratory droplets. More than 8000 cases and 774 deaths were caused by SARS and circa US$20 billion coasted for its control.
ACCRUALS IN THE PREDICTION OF FORTHCOMING CASH FLOWS IN THE COMPANIES LISTED AT PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE

This research founds the relative predictabilities of accruals and further disaggregated accruals–trading accruals, non-trading accruals, and financial accruals in the estimation of future cash flows. The research also examines the effect of the global financial crisis on this association between accruals and future cash flow prediction. The research uses annual data from the period of 1999 to 2018 from 453 firms, which includes 9060 observations. The whole sample period covers data from 1999 to 2018, during the financial crisis period from 2008 to 2009 and Pre financial crisis period from 1999 to 2007 and Post global financial crisis period 2010 to 2018. To examine the relationship between accruals, disaggregated accruals, and estimation of future cash flows, hypotheses were developed and seasoned through OLS. The outcomes confirm that financial accruals, non-trading accruals, and total aggregated accruals were significant, but trading accruals was not a significant contributor to the estimation of future cash flows. Moreover, there was no significant effect of the global financial crisis on the relationship among disaggregated accruals and forecast of imminent cash flows during Pre and Post and during the global financial crisis period.
Built-In Functions and Features of Data Analysis Software: Predictors of Optimal Deployment for Continuous Audit Assurance

: The purpose of this paper is to predict the influence of built-in-functions and features of data analysis software as external factors on Technology-Organization-Environment model. Survey approach were used to collect data from a random sample of internal auditors in Nigeria. Using multiple regression, 159 responses were analyzed. The results revealed that as audit specific software built-in functions and features becomes more complex, internal auditors are less likely to use those features due to decrease in the ease of use. Other than actual built-in functions available, the most important consideration when selecting audits software is the ease of use. This is often cited as the greatest barrier to entry for audit firms and internal audit departments. Although this study focused on the influence of built-in functions on audit software deployment, it fails to differentiate between various levels of users. The model can be used to assist audit software vendors not only to develop lee complex applications, but also to improve on more user-friendly analytical tools. The paper contributes to the continuing research in IS innovations adoption and diffusion in the context of the auditing profession.