Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure and Alpine evolution of Bulgaria

The territory of Bulgaria covers parts of two major tectonic units the northern part of the Alpine thrust belt on the Balkans and its foreland the Moesian platform. These two major tectonic units are generally recognized by all Bulgarian geologists but there has been and still is going on a considerable debate about their further subdivision into higherranking units, their structure and geodynamic interpretation. Earlier tectonic schemes were based on the geosynclinal theory. According to the classical and most popular concept of EoHtieB (1971, 1986), the northern branch of the Alpine orogen in Bulgaria developed within the geosynclinal mobile space" between two cratons the Moesian platform and the Thracian "median massif'. From this viewpoint, the territory of Bulgaria was divided into three major tectonic units: Thracian massif (Serbo-Macedon ian and Rhodope massifs), Alpine orogen and Moesian Platform. The orogen was further subdivided into "morphostructural zones": Balkanides (with Fore-Balkan and Stara Planina zones), Srednogorie, Kraishtides aJld South Carpathians. The tectonic map oflioat~ea et al. (1967, 1971) is based on a similar, slightly modified approach and portrays four major tectonic units: Rhodope massif, Moesian platform, Alpine fold belt (with seven zones) and Superimposed Tertiary depressions. Since the advent of the plate tectonic theory three decades ago, numerous controversial and contradicting tectonic models for the structure and geological evolution of Bulgaria have been
Effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Background: In recent years, some studies indicated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could relieve neuropathic pain (NP) following a spinal cord injury (SCI), whereas some studies showed no pain relief effect. In addition, some studies showed the analgesic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on NP post SCI, whereas other studies showed no effect. Methods: We systematically searched on the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, Google Scholar for studies exploring the analgesic effect of rTMS or tDCS on NP post SCI until November 2019. Meta-analysis was conducted to summarize results of these studies. Results: The present quantitative meta-analysis indicated no significant difference in the effect of treatment on NP following SCI between rTMS and sham rTMS over the motor cortex at about 1 week after the end of the rTMS period (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.27 to 6.04). However, the study indicated that rTMS showed significantly better pain relief of treatment compared with sham rTMS between 2 and 6 weeks after the end of the rTMS period (SMD = 3.81, 95%CI: 0.80–7.52). However, no sufficient evidence could be provided to make a meta-analysis for the analgesic effect of tDCS on NP following SCI over the primary motor area (M1). Conclusions: In conclusion, the present meta-analysis suggested that rTMS did not show early analgesic effect on NP after SCI, but showed better middle-term analgesic effect, compared with sham rTMS. More large scale, blinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were needed to explore the analgesic effect of rTMS and tDCS on NP following SCI.
The Asian Elephant: Ecology and Management

Foreword Acknowledgements 1. The historical background 2. Status and distribution of the Asian elephant 3. The main study area and study methods 4. Movement and habitat utilization 5. Feeding and nutrition 6. Impact on the vegetation and carrying capacity 7. Crop raiding by elephants 8. Manslaughter by elephants 9. Habitat manipulation by people 10. Elephant slaughter by people 11. Population dynamics 12. Conservation and management Appendices References Index.
PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE

Introduction Community retail pharmacies offer multiple public health services to meet the health care needs of medically underserved rural communities. Many rural residents are enrolled in Medicaid insurance, and it is important that pharmacies contract with Medicaid to meet the health care needs of these people. The objective of this study was to evaluate disparities in access to Medicaid-contracted pharmacies across the rural–urban continuum in Washington State. Methods We linked data on licensed community retail pharmacies in Washington State in 2017 to lists of state Medicaid-contracted pharmacies. We classified pharmacies as being located in small rural, large rural, suburban, and urban areas by using rural–urban commuting area (RUCA) codes. We evaluated the likelihood of zip code–level access to at least 1 pharmacy that was contracted with a Medicaid insurance plan across the rural–urban continuum by using descriptive statistics and modified Poisson regression models, adjusted for zip code–level community characteristics. Results Of 1,145 pharmacies in our study sample, 8.4% (n = 96) were not contracted with a Medicaid plan. Compared with urban core zip codes, small rural zip codes (adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.91) and large rural zip codes (ARR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49–0.95) were significantly less likely to have access to a Medicaid-contracted pharmacy. Suburban zip codes did not differ significantly from urban core areas in their access to Medicaidcontracted pharmacies. Conclusion In Washington State, the likelihood of access to a Medicaidcontracted pharmacy decreased significantly as rurality increased. Policy efforts should aim to improve access for Medicaid enrollees, especially those outside urban centers.
Habitat Features and Behavioral Plasticity Promote Barred Owl Presence in Developed Landscapes

As urbanization continues to transform landscapes, it is imperative to find ways to conserve biodiversity within fragmented habitats. Forest interior dwelling birds are particularly vulnerable to development pressures, as they require large tracts of forest to support their life cycles. Although Barred Owls (Strix varia) are frequently described as an obligate mature forest species, they have been found in urbanized landscapes. To determine if certain habitat characteristics, such as mature trees, facilitate the presence of Barred Owls in developed regions, we modeled Barred Owl occupancy probability along a development gradient in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States. We surveyed for owls by broadcasting conspecific calls to solicit response and by passively recording at survey sites using autonomous recording units. Detection/non-detection data were collected during the breeding season and analyzed within an occupancy framework to investigate patterns of habitat association in our region, while allowing for imperfect detection of owls. Average tree height was the best predictor of Barred Owl occupancy
Assessment of genetic variability among bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

Twenty bread wheat genotypes were tested at Uttar Pradesh, India in 2012/13, with the objective of assessing the extent of genetic variation and correlation of wheat genotypes in yield and yield components traits using randomized complete block design. Data collected for 12 agronomic characters were subjected to analysis of variance which revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. The broad sense heritability (H) ranged from 38% (for spike length) to 99 % (for test weight), while genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) from 4.71 (for spike length) to 27.34% (for test weight). The genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) differences were low in magnitude for days to heading days to flowering and days to maturity, and H values were coupled with moderate to high GAM. This suggests selection based on phenotype of the lines could be effective to improve these characters. Interestingly, genotype K-911 showed superior performance under Agro -climatic condition of Uttar Pradesh, India. It exhibited highest grain yield, highest number of tillers per plant and less number of days to maturity (early in maturity) which is important for rice-wheat based cropping system. It also showed escaping mechanism against high temperature, and resistance against pest and disease which can be used for development of new varieties. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with test weight (0.65), harvest index (0.41), and positively and non-significantly with plant height (0.15), days to maturity (0.23) and days to flowering (0.12), of which test weight (0.65) and harvest index (0.41) had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield. Thus, selection for higher mean test weight and harvest index could be considered simultaneously for selection of higher grain yield.
Axisymmetric Peristaltic Flow of a Non-Newtonian Fluid in a Channel with Elastic Walls

1 Department of Mathematics, Government Junior College for Girls, Chandragiri, Chittoor, 517 101, A.P., India 2 Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, A.P., India 3 Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology, Karakambadi Road, Tirupati 517 502, A.P., India 4 Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore 632 014, T.N. , India
Identification and mapping of QTLs for agronomic traits in recombinant inbred line population derived from Japonica X Indica sub- species in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world, especially Asian countries. Genetics of important traits in rice for yield improvement have always been a major breeding objective. Agronomic traits are inherited quantitatively, so quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for the potential use of molecular markers would be very helpful to plant breeders in developing improved rice varieties. In this investigation, a SSR linkage map of rice was constructed using 40 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The mapping population of 121 F11 families derived from the cross JNPT89x IR64 (Japonica x Indica) was used for QTL mapping of agronomic traits. As many as 21 QTLs were detected to be associated with agronomic characteristics; some of them are being reported for the first time. The identified QTLs on specific chromosome regions explaining high phenotypic variance could be considered to use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs.
Leveraged Buyouts: An Overview of the Literature

This paper provides an exhaustive literature review of the motives for public-to-private LBO transactions. First, the paper develops the the oretical framework for the potential sources of val ue creation from going private: a distinction is made between the reduction in shareholder-related agency costs, stakeholder wealth transfers, tax benefits, transac tion osts savings, takeover defense strategies, an d corporate undervaluation. The paper then reviews and summariz es how these theories have been empirically verifie d n the four different strands of literature in LBO res earch. These strands of literature are categorized by phase in the LBO transaction: Intent (of a buyout), Impact ( of the LBO on the various stakeholders), Process (o f restructuring after the leveraged buyout) and Durat ion (of retaining the private status). Then, the pa per shows that in the first half of the 2000s, a public-to-pr ivate LBO wave re-emerged in the US, UK and Contine tal Europe, whose value vastly exceeds that of the 1980 s US LBO wave. Finally, the paper provides suggesti on for further research.
Implementing the panel event study

Many studies estimate the impact of exposure to some quasiexperimental policy or event using a panel event study design. These models, as a generalized extension of “difference-in-differences” designs or two-way fixed-effects models, allow for dynamic leads and lags to the event of interest to be estimated, while also controlling for fixed factors (often) by area and time. In this article, we discuss the setup of the panel event study design in a range of situations and lay out several practical considerations for its estimation. We describe a command, eventdd, that allows for simple estimation, inference, and visualization of event study models in a range of circumstances. We then provide several examples to illustrate eventdd’s use and flexibility, as well as its interaction with various native Stata commands, and other relevant community-contributed commands such as reghdfe and boottest.
Evidence-Based Risk Communication A Systematic Review

Data Synthesis: Eighty-four articles, representing 91 unique studies, evaluated various methods of numerical and visual risk display across several risk scenarios and with diverse outcome measures. Studies showed that visual aids (icon arrays and bar graphs) improved patients’ understanding and satisfaction. Presentations including absolute risk reductions were better than those including relative risk reductions for maximizing accuracy and seemed less likely than presentations with relative risk reductions to influence decisions to accept therapy. The presentation of numbers needed to treat reduced understanding. Comparative effects of presentations of frequencies (such as 1 in 5) versus event rates (percentages, such as 20%) were inconclusive.
A ug 2 02 0 Gauss sums , superoscillations and the Talbot carpet

We consider the evolution, for a time-dependent Schrödinger equation, of the so called Dirac comb. We show how this evolution allows us to recover explicitly (indeed optically) the values of the quadratic generalized Gauss sums. Moreover we use the phenomenon of superoscillatory sequences to prove that such Gauss sums can be asymptotically recovered from the values of the spectrum of any sufficiently regular function compactly supported on R. The fundamental tool we use is the so called Galilean transform that was introduced and studied in the context on non-linear time dependent Schrödinger equations. Furthermore, we utilize this tool to understand in detail the evolution of an exponential e in the case of a Schrödinger equation with time-independent periodic potential. AMS Classification: 32A15, 32A10, 47B38.
Effects of coating Populus nigra wood with nanoclay

This study evaluated the effects of coating Populus nigra wood with nanoclay by dip-coating and spin-coating. The samples were coated with nanoclay in concentrations of 3, 5, and 7%, and the products were compared with Abies alba wood as standard control for the morphological and moisture properties. Zycosil was also added into nanoclay as an adaptive material. The crystalline and morphological structures were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Performance parameters including water absorption, contact angle, density, and flexural resistance were investigated. Water absorption was decreased, but the density, flexural resistance, and contact angle were increased in nanoclay treatments compared with the P. nigra control group (P<0.05). The best performance properties were observed at a concentration of 7%. In sum, the concentration of 7% nanoclay in dip-coating decreased water absorption by 250% and increased water angle by 150%, density by 113%, and flexural resistance by 145% compared to P. nigra control group.
Impact of homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors on the incidence and prognosis of brain metastases in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the incidence, risk factors, and survival outcome associated with brain metastases (BM) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients using a large-scale population-based cancer registry database. METHODS Between 2010 and 2016, patients with BM from HCC were included using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The risk and prognostic factors for BM were recognized by multivariate logistic and Cox regression model analysis. The overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of HCC patients with BM were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests. RESULTS A total of 141 (0.33%) HCC patients detected with BM were included for analysis. Younger age, tumor pathological undifferentiation, no surgery, radiation therapy, no chemotherapy, synchronous bone, or lung metastases were positively associated with BM in the HCC cohort. The median OS and CSS of the BM patients were 3 months, while the corresponding survival time in HCC patients without BM was 13 and 23 months. Black race, tumor pathological undifferentiation, absence of chemotherapy, and concomitant lung metastases were independently associated with the worse survival. CONCLUSIONS Although the overall prognosis of patients with BM from HCC was extremely poor, a list of homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence and prognosis of BM in HCC patients. These relevant factors may provide more valuable references for individualized treatment in clinical practice.
Search-Based Planning with Extend Operator

Sampling-based approaches are often favored in robotics for high-dimensional motion planning for their fast coverage of the search space. However, at best they offer asymptotic guarantees on completeness and solution quality, and returned paths are typically unpredictable due to their inherent stochasticity. By reasoning through the state space in a procedural fashion, heuristic search-based planners offer high-quality solutions with strong theoretical guarantees but struggle with high dimensionality. In complex domains that demand larger branching factors, this exhaustive behavior can result in considerably longer planning times, known as the “curse of dimensionality. ” The key factor to fast planning times by samplingbased approaches can largely be attributed to the extend operator, which greedily grows the search tree without regard for the problem’s complexity. In this work, we exploit this observation and introduce an extend operator in heuristic search to enable considerable speedups in practice. We explore how this operator directly addresses many difficulties of bidirectional heuristic search and how it naturally extends to the multi-tree setting. We validate our simple approach on high-dimensional manipulation tasks, demonstrating significantly reduced search effort when compared against both searchand sampling-based algorithms. While doing so, we maintain theoretical guarantees on suboptimality and completeness.
Interactive comment on “Assessment of vertical air motion among reanalyses and qualitative comparison with direct VHF radar measurements over the two tropical stations” by Kizhathur

• Do the differences indicate major problems or can they be largely understood in terms of spatiotemporal sampling? For example, the narrow column observed by the radar relative to the reanalysis grid scale – do comparisons of reanalyses with grid scales spanning a factor ten offer any context here? In a related question, does resolution of the nearby topography come into play in any obvious ways?
Uncertainty is More Than Risk – Survey Evidence on Knightian and Bayesian Firms∗

This paper investigates whether decision-makers in firms think about the future in terms of probabilities. We ask German manufacturing executives about the likelihood of a sales increase. The key departure from existing business surveys is that we do not force respondents to submit a single probability, but instead give a "Knightian" option of answering with a probability interval. Our main result is that Knightian responses are pervasive: 76% of firms choose a probability interval at least once in five years. We further show that Knightian responses are motivated by a lack of clarity about the future; they do not reflect a lack of sophistication. Over time, substantial switching between Knightian and Bayesian responses reflects both idiosyncratic and aggregate shocks. In particular, the share of Knightian responses spikes up sharply during the Greek crisis in 2015, along with credit spreads.
Individual , contextual and organizational predictors of work engagement and job crafting

The purpose of this research was to identify, in a group of motivators, the predictors of engagement at work and job crafting based on the job demand-resources theory with the eight motivational forces model of permanence and turnover. The sample comprised 215 Brazilian workers of the communication and marketing area. The results showed that: a) the individual aspects do not predict engagement at work nor job crafting, b) the contextual aspects (friends expectations and employability) predict in a different way both variables; and finally, c) the organizational aspects (affective identification, growth possibilities, interpersonal relationships and costs associated with leaving the organization) positively predict both engagement at work and job crafting. Considering the benefits of both variables at the individual and organizational level, the study contributes to the literature of the area by highlighting elements that promote them.
Early loss of Scribble affects cortical development and interhemispheric connectivity resulting in psychomotor dysregulation

Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from combined defects in processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and commissure formation. The evolutionarily conserved tumor-suppressor protein Scribble (Scrib) serves as a nexus to transduce signals for the establishment of apicobasal and planar cell polarity during these processes. Human SCRIB gene mutations are associated with neural tube defects and this gene is located in the minimal critical region deleted in the rare Verheij syndrome. In this study, we generated brain-specific conditional cKO mouse mutants and assessed the impact of the Scrib deletion on brain morphogenesis and behavior. We showed that embryonic deletion of Scrib in the telencephalon leads to cortical thickness reduction (microcephaly) and alteration of interhemispheric connectivity (corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure agenesis). We correlated these phenotypes with the identification of novel roles for Scrib, both cell- and non-cell-autonomous, on neuronal migration and axonal guidance respectively. Finally, we show that Scrib cKO mice have psychomotor deficits such as locomotor activity impairment and memory alterations. Altogether, we show that Scrib is essential for early brain development and that the outcomes of its brain-specific disruption support a direct or indirect participation of Scrib to neurodevelopmental pathologies.
Labor trajectories of women from popular sector in transition to adult life

This work refers to a qualitative study whose propose is to characterize the labor trajectories of young women from popular sectors of Cordoba (Argentina) in their transition to adult life, setting the vulnerability factors that characterize them. We have worked with ten women between the ages of 20 and 26, who were attending two socio labor educational centers, and we have used their biographical stories as an instrument of data collection. The core categories identified as biographical axes related to the role of labor experience were: The inherited socio economic conditions, the gender conditions, the pathways towards the transition education–work and the incidence of labor qualifications in the construction of the future. The results have shown diversity in their insertion to the adult world, setting the equation of being young, women and poor as a barrier which delineates the options and necessities as well as the aspirations and obstacles which arise.