Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EARLY ENROLLMENT TO BOARDING PRIMARY SCHOOLS ON PUPILS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAVA SUB-COUNTRY, KENYA

Psychological trauma is a type of mental damage due to exposure to or experiencing of a traumatic event. Sending children to boarding schools early when they are still under age has been classified as form of traumatic event with undesired outcomes. Guided by Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, this study set out to establish the psychological effects of early enrolment to boarding schools on pupils’ academic performance in Malava Sub-County in Kakamega County, Kenya. The total study population was 1479 respondents comprising of 1139 pupils, 103teachers, 228 parents, an education officer and 8 head-teachers. Using descriptive research design, the study sampled 381 respondents from the 8 schools within the sub-county comprising of pupils, teachers and parents. The data was collected using questionnaires and interviews schedules. The study employed test-retest reliability method to pilot study instruments in two schools. The collected data was cleaned, coded and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Study findings indicate that pupils who were enrolled to boarding schools before attaining 12 years of age performed poorer in general terms compared to those pupils who joined after attaining 12 years. The study concluded that early enrolment to boarding schools is associated with psychological effects which may affect academic performance. The study therefore recommends that pupils be enrolled to boarding schools after 12 years of age.
Brucellosis infection dynamics in cattle and the impacts on production and reproduction in pastoral settings of Tanzania

Brucellosis is endemic in pastoral settings of Tanzania with significant socio-economic implications. However, comprehensive studies to establish its impacts had not been elucidated. A longitudinal study was conducted in order to elucidate the dynamics and its impact on production and reproduction. Initially, 464 animals were enrolled with baseline seroprevalence in each herd. Animals were bled every three months to determine the incidence rate, impacts and trends in sero-status. In addition, individual animal reproductive information was collected. Milk yield was measured indirectly by estimating the calves’ growth rate. Data were analysed using Epi Info 7.0 software where descriptive analyses were used to establish proportions, associations and relationships. Wilcoxon test was used to establish the growth rate differences. Forty-seven new c-ELISA seropositive animals were identified over the period of three months representing an incidence rate of 0.811 cases per animal-year at risk. Households with a high seroprevalence during baseline screening were observed to have high infection rate in the subsequent visit. There was no statistical association between new seropositive cases and seasons (P>0.05). Furthermore, positive to negative seroconversion was observed. Of the 94 females that were expected to parturate, 15% aborted with 29% of these being seropositive. Retained placenta was observed in 4.3% of the domestic ruminants. Of the 79 calves that were screened, 21.5% were seropositive with majority born from seropositive dams. Calves born from seropositive dams were 27 times more likely to be seropositive. Growth rate was not different (p>0.05) between calves suckling from seropositive and seronegative dams.
Mobil Öğrenme Ortamlarında Ters Yüz Sınıf Modelinin Gerçekleştirilebilirliği Üzerine Bir Öneri

Geleneksel ogrenme ortamlarinda mevcut ogrenenlerin sayisi ve ogrenme etkinliklerini gerceklestirmek icin yetersiz olan ders sureleri temel sinirliklar olarak surekli dile getirilmektedir. Ogrenenlerin gereksinimlerine cevap verebilmek ve bu sinirliklari asabilmek icin ters yuz sinif modeli onemli bir alternatif olarak gorulmektedir. Bu model ile ogrenenler bilgi edinme sureclerini sinif disi etkinliklerle gerceklestirirken, sinif ici etkinliklerde ogrenmelerin pekistirilmesine ve uygulama yapmaya daha fazla zaman ayrilmasi amaclanmaktadir. Sinif disi etkinliklerde herhangi bir mekana bagimli kalmama durumu ise mobil ogrenme etkinlikleri ile benzerlik gostermektedir. Ters yuz sinif modeli arastirmalarinin yeni olmasi ve alanyazinda mobil ogrenme ile kaynastirilmasina rastlanmamis olmasi bu makalenin temel dayanagini olusturmaktadir. Makalede onerilen Edmodo platformunun mobil destegi ile beraber sagladigi diger faydalar da sunulmaktadir. Boylelikle gelecekteki arastirmalara isik tutacagi dusunulmektedir
Comparison of Bone Marrow Aspiration Interpretation with Immunophenotyping in Children’s Leukemia Diagnosis

Introduction The prevalence of cancer in children is increasing. The morphological diagnosis of acute leukemia is divided into ALL and AML and is sometimes incompatible with the diagnosis of flow cytometry, which shows the characteristics of malignant cells. This study aims to compare the results of the interpretation of bone marrow aspiration with immunophenotyping in diagnosing childhood leukemia. Methods Data from medical records was used in a retrospective cohort study of children with leukemia (ages 1–18 years) admitted to Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar from 2013 to 2017. All patients with a working diagnosis of leukemia were examined for bone marrow aspiration, followed by immunophenotyping, and each group was analyzed. Results Of a total of 90 study subjects, the final diagnosis based on immunophenotyping was 60 ALL and 30 AML patients with a mean age of 8 years and 3 months. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1 (p = 0.353). The mean age of the ALL group was 7 years and 10 months, and AML, 9 years (p = 0.409). The suitability of morphology and flow cytometry to ALL and AML was 92.3% and 50%, respectively. Most markers were in the ALL CD 10 and CD 20 groups with a sensitivity of 100% each, and AML CD 117 with a sensitivity of 92%. Conclusion The correspondence between the results of the interpretation of bone marrow aspiration with immunophenotyping in diagnosing ALL 92.3% and AML 50%.
Comparison of dissolved air flotation and ballasted sedimentation for the treatment of an algal impacted water

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is considered better than conventional gravity settling (CGS) for the treatment of algal-laden waters, and ballasted sedimentation (BS), a high-rate separation process, is now often used instead of CGS. Our initial literature search did not identify DAF-BS comparisons for the removal of algae and cyanobacteria from algal laden waters. The objective of this bench-scale study was to compare DAF with BS and CGS for the treatment of water from a eutrophic waterway (Bay of Quinte, ON). The study was performed mid-summer when there was substan tial algal growth. The optimized BS jar tests had 3% lower average turbidity removal than the DAF jar tests, however BS required 33% more coagulant, as well as 0.25 mg/L anionic polymer and microsand additions. The removal of cyanobacteria and algae (quantified using chlorophyll-a and c-phycocyanin concentrations) by DAF and BS were very similar, and they were superior to that achieved by CGS. The DOC removals and the disinfection by-products formation potential (DBPFP) of DAF and BS treated water were also similar. Based on the chlorophyll-a and c-phycocy anin removals, both BS and DAF performed better than CGS and can be considered suitable for the treatment of algal/cyanobacteria laden waters.
The Influence Of The Website's Atmosphere On Online Consumer Behavior And Its Relationship To Flow: Case Study Of Online Travel In Indonesia

In this decade, studies of website atmospherics and flow experiences have received much attention from researchers and are very broad. At present, there are still few fields of study that study the relationship between the atmosphere website and a flow experience. In this study aims to examine the factors that have an impact on website atmospherics and flow experiences that can affect consumer behavior (Enjoyment shopping, Intimacy, and Intention) in the use of online travel services websites in Indonesia. In the development of this study, using the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework as a theoretical basis, the findings of this study are expected to show that the design atmosphere in websites has a positive impact on improving the enjoyment shopping, Intimacy and Intention of purchases for online travel agents in Indonesia.
On the Potential Use of Small Scale Fire Tests for Screening Steiner Tunnel Results for Spray Foam Insulation

The goal of this study is to assess the potential of using bench-scale fire testing to screen materials for the Steiner tunnel fire test. It is hypothesized that the chemical and physical changes made to a material to improve its fire performance in small scale fire tests will have a predictable response in the Steiner tunnel. This hypothesis is based on the observation that fire test results can, in some cases, provide insight on a material’s relative fire hazard, and the assumption that the relative hazard should be consistent across scale. The ASTM E84 Steiner tunnel test provides a relative ranking of material hazard in two categories. The horizontal Flame Spread Index (FSI) is used to rank the flame hazard of a material, and the Smoke Developed Index (SDI) is used to rank the smoke hazard of a material. Two fire tests are proposed to independently assess each hazard at the bench-scale. The ASTM E1354 cone calorimeter test measures a material’s open-flaming heat release rate; it is proposed that the cone calorimeter test can be used to assess a material’s relative flame hazard. The ISO 5659-2 smoke density chamber test measures a material’s closed-environment smoke development; it is proposed that the smoke density chamber test can be used to assess a material’s relative smoke hazard. The material selected for this study is fire-retarded sprayed polyurethane foam (FRSPF) insulation. Specific details of the foam chemistry, fire retardants, and the manufacturer are confidential. Generally, the foam can be described as medium-density (approximately 2 lbs/ft), closed-celled, and semi-rigid. The fire retardant additives are comprised of differing ratios and concentrations of phosphorousand halogen-containing compounds. A series of 30 Steiner tunnel tests is conducted on 20 different formulations. Repeated testing is conducted on several formulations in order to assess variability in the Steiner tunnel test results. Cone calorimeter and smoke density chamber tests are conducted on a subset of those formulations, in sets of 3–5 tests per formulation. Key performance indicators are identified from each fire test, relationships between those indicators are examined, and correlations are presented where strong relationships are apparent. Empirical prediction models are proposed for FSI and SDI based on the success rate of prediction, and minimization of error between experimental (measured) and modelled (predicted) results. It is concluded that for the materials tested in this study, there is sufficient evidence of consistency in relative performance to recommend bench-scale screening tests as a cost-effective alternative to repeated Steiner tunnel testing.
Impact of Privacy Behaviors on Relatedness and Well-Being in SNSs

ABSTRACT Seeking benefits such as the satisfaction of social relationship needs and well-being, SNS users engage two distinct but related privacy behaviors: (1) Information and (2) Interaction privacy behaviors. The privacy literature has mainly focused on the effect of information privacy and overlooked the role of interaction privacy behaviors. To fill these gaps, we examined a theoretical model explaining the direct and indirect interrelationships among self-disclosure (information privacy behavior), the use of interaction privacy controls (IPCs) (interaction privacy behavior), and two major potential benefits from using SNSs – relatedness needs satisfaction and subjective well-being. The findings suggest that the two privacy behaviors affect all expected outcomes, but to significantly varying levels of intensity. They also indicate that the two privacy behaviors are closely related.
Perceived Difficulty for Seated Reach Motions

Soldiers seated in military tactical vehicles perform diverse manual tasks while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and body borne gear (BBG), which potentially restrict the soldiers’ ability to reach. In this study, participants performed seated reach movements to targets in a wide range of locations around the body, with and without a harness restraint, while donning a range of PPE configurations. The participants then reported perceived difficulty of reach motions on a 10-point scale. A preliminary analysis indicated that difficulty ratings significantly increase with added harness and armor levels. Further, the overhead and left hemisphere areas of the participant’s body show increased difficulty ratings in added armor and harness level conditions due to the restricted torso mobility. These findings will be incorporated into a quantitative model for vehicle design to improve occupants’ performance and comfort.
Improvising: A Grounded Theory Investigation of Psychology Students' Level of Anxiety, Coping, Communicative Skills, Imagination, and Spontaneity

The aim of this study was to gain insight into the phenomenon of improvisation, how it is manifested in communication, and to conceptualize the process of improvisation in general. I aimed to construct a model for use in teaching and further analysis of training programs that target and develop improvisation skills in communication. The ability to communicate is part and parcel of psychologists’ work. I develop and supervise interactive classes and training programs to promote improvisation and communication skills, using the grounded theory of improvisation in communication under conditions of high uncertainty. The improvisation sessions were videotaped, transcribed, and analyzed. Applying the qualitative method and working with grounded theory methodology, I studied five sessions. Here I report on the major categories that condition the improvisational process: Level of Anxiety, Coping, Communicative Skills, Imagination, and Spontaneity. I also outline the markers of spontaneous behavior: strange combinations (oxymorons), humor, and rapid topic switching.
Laparoscopic versus conventional open treatment of hepatic cystic hydatidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Introduction There still exist controversies about the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic and traditional open surgery. Aim This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic versus traditional laparotomy in hepatic cystic hydatidosis. Material and methods A systematic literature search was conducted for studies about liver hydatid surgery. After the quality assessment and relevant data extraction, the article was screened and included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Thirteen studies included 1211 cases, 362 in the laparoscopic group, and 849 in the open surgery group. According to meta-analysis, laparoscopic surgery is superior to traditional open surgery in terms of length of hospital stay, the recovery time of gastrointestinal function, total complications, and the risk of incision infection. There were no significant differences between laparoscopic surgery and traditional open surgery in operation time, postoperative time of abdominal drainage tube removal, recurrence rate, bile leakage rate, biliary fistula rate, and residual cavity infection rate. Conclusions Laparoscopy is superior to traditional open surgery in terms of length of hospital stay, the recovery time of gastrointestinal function, total complications, and the risk of incision infection. There was no significant difference in postoperative recurrence between laparoscopy and open surgery. In addition, we think laparoscopy can achieve the same clinical effect as laparotomy. However, the reliability and validity of our conclusion need to be verified by more randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Synthetic Sulfated Polymers Control Amyloid Aggregation of Ovine Prion Protein and Decrease Its Toxicity

Amyloid aggregation, including aggregation and propagation of prion protein, is a key factor in numerous human diseases, so-called amyloidosis, with a very poor ability for treatment or prevention. The present work describes the effect of sulfated or sulfonated polymers (sodium dextran sulfate, polystyrene sulfonate, polyanethole sulfonate, and polyvinyl sulfate) on different stages of amyloidogenic conversion and aggregation of the prion protein, which is associated with prionopathies in humans and animals. All tested polymers turned out to induce amyloid conversion of the ovine prion protein. As suggested from molecular dynamics simulations, this effect probably arises from destabilization of the native prion protein structure by the polymers. Short polymers enhanced its further aggregation, whereas addition of high-molecular poly(styrene sulfonate) inhibited amyloid fibrils formation. According to the seeding experiments, the protein–polymer complexes formed after incubation with poly(styrene sulfonate) exhibited significantly lower amyloidogenic capacity compared with the control fibrils of the free prion protein. The cytotoxicity of soluble oligomers was completely inhibited by treatment with poly(styrene sulfonate). To summarize, sulfonated polymers are a promising platform for the formulation of a new class of anti-prion and anti-amyloidosis therapeutics.
The Impact of Sleep-Disordered Breathing on Ghrelin, Obestatin, and Leptin Profiles in Patients with Obesity or Overweight

Background: The impact of concomitant obesity and sleep disorders on neuropeptides related to energy balance is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the nocturnal profile of total ghrelin, obestatin, and leptin in patients with elevated BMI and to investigate the impact of breathing-related sleep disorders on these hormone levels. Methods: The study involved 58 patients with suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients underwent anthropometric and sleep examination and measurements of night ghrelin, leptin, and obestatin levels. Results: In patients with OSA (n = 46), recognized on the basis of sleep examination outcomes, the correlation of anthropometric measurements with parameters of sleep disorders and ghrelin levels was observed, contrary to the control group (n = 12). In the OSA group, levels of ghrelin were significantly lower than in the control group at 5:00 and 7:00. Levels of leptin in the OSA group were also lower than those in the control groups (not statistically significant). Profiles of obestatin in both groups were similar. Conclusions: Our results confirm the relationship between obesity and sleep-disordered breathing. Both these disorders affect ghrelin levels—parameters of obesity negatively correlate with hormone concentration, and OSA seems to lower ghrelin values in the second half of the night.
Dissecting central post-stroke pain: a controlled symptom-psychophysical characterization

Abstract Central post-stroke pain affects up to 12% of stroke survivors and is notoriously refractory to treatment. However, stroke patients often suffer from other types of pain of non-neuropathic nature (musculoskeletal, inflammatory, complex regional) and no head-to-head comparison of their respective clinical and somatosensory profiles has been performed so far. We compared 39 patients with definite central neuropathic post-stroke pain with two matched control groups: 32 patients with exclusively non-neuropathic pain developed after stroke and 31 stroke patients not complaining of pain. Patients underwent deep phenotyping via a comprehensive assessment including clinical exam, questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing to dissect central post-stroke pain from chronic pain in general and stroke. While central post-stroke pain was mostly located in the face and limbs, non-neuropathic pain was predominantly axial and located in neck, shoulders and knees (P < 0.05). Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory clusters burning (82.1%, n = 32, P < 0.001), tingling (66.7%, n = 26, P < 0.001) and evoked by cold (64.1%, n = 25, P < 0.001) occurred more frequently in central post-stroke pain. Hyperpathia, thermal and mechanical allodynia also occurred more commonly in this group (P < 0.001), which also presented higher levels of deafferentation (P < 0.012) with more asymmetric cold and warm detection thresholds compared with controls. In particular, cold hypoesthesia (considered when the threshold of the affected side was <41% of the contralateral threshold) odds ratio (OR) was 12 (95% CI: 3.8–41.6) for neuropathic pain. Additionally, cold detection threshold/warm detection threshold ratio correlated with the presence of neuropathic pain (ρ = −0.4, P < 0.001). Correlations were found between specific neuropathic pain symptom clusters and quantitative sensory testing: paroxysmal pain with cold (ρ = −0.4; P = 0.008) and heat pain thresholds (ρ = 0.5; P = 0.003), burning pain with mechanical detection (ρ = −0.4; P = 0.015) and mechanical pain thresholds (ρ = −0.4, P < 0.013), evoked pain with mechanical pain threshold (ρ = −0.3; P = 0.047). Logistic regression showed that the combination of cold hypoesthesia on quantitative sensory testing, the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory, and the allodynia intensity on bedside examination explained 77% of the occurrence of neuropathic pain. These findings provide insights into the clinical-psychophysics relationships in central post-stroke pain and may assist more precise distinction of neuropathic from non-neuropathic post-stroke pain in clinical practice and in future trials.
Deformation behaviour of aluminium low-micron MMCs and MMNCs at warm working temperatures (0.3-0.5 Tm)

been interested in metal matrix composites (MMCs) and metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) due to the growing demand for lightweight, high-performance materials (Mazen and Emara, 2004). MMCs and MMNCs have been considered as replacements for conventional metals and alloys because they have higher stability at elevated temperatures, good strength-to-mass ratios and superior wear resistance, along with high stiffness and strength (Zhou et al., 1999). The mechanical properties of composite products are influenced mainly by the distribution of reinforcing particles in the matrix and the strength of the interfacial bonds between reinforcing particles and the matrix (Liang et al., 1992). The ideal composite has an even distribution of the reinforcement phase throughout the matrix (Ferry, 2005), but generating this is a challenge when fabricating both MMCs and MMNCs. In MMCs, the micrometre-sized reinforcing particles tend to settle on the grain boundaries and in MMNCs the nano-sized reinforcing particles form agglomerates (Borgonovo and Apelian, 2011; Casati and Vedani, 2014). Secondary deformation processes such as extrusion, forging, rolling and drawing may be used to improve the reinforcing particle distribution, thereby enhancing mechanical properties such as hardness and strength (Hirianiah et al., 2012). These deformation processes are usually carried out at high temperatures since more deformation can be achieved due to the increased plastic flow (Saravanan and Senthilvelan, 2015). However, operating at high temperatures has the disadvantages of high energy costs, reduced equipment and tool life, poor surface finish and low dimensional accuracy (Rajput, 2007). These disadvantages mean that hotworked MMC and MMNC components are expensive and thus are unattractive to industry. Deformation behaviour of aluminium low-micron MMCs and MMNCs at warm working temperatures (0.3—0.5 Tm) by Z. Gxowa*†‡, L.H. Chown†‡, G. Govender* and U. Curle*