Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science-2501-1235

Karate training, a Japanese martial art, is considered enough to increase physical-motor and technical performance. Instructors seem to prefer only technical Karate training to other physical-motor training methods. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to assess the effects of 8 weeks of multilateral training on the physicalmotor performance and technical gesture quality in young karateka. Participants (8-10 years) were recruited from a karate school and pair-matched based on gender and then randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG, n = 14) or a control group (CG, n = 14). The EG was trained three times per week on non-consecutive days replacing a part of karate training with a multilateral training (i.e. flexibility, balance, strength and coordination, 45 min.) without increasing the total training time (90 min.). At baseline and after 8-weeks all participants were tested on the sit and reach, stork balance stand, standing long jump, and Harre test, and the technical gesture quality through the prefixed decision-making criteria. After intervention, the EG group showed significantly improvement than CG in the sit and reach test (2.0 vs. 1.1 cm, p < 0.001, ES = 0.73) and standing long jump test (8.3 vs. -4.0 cm, p < 0.01, ES = 0.88). Furthermore, the subjective evaluation scores of the technical gesture were significantly enhanced (p < 0.001, ES = 0.6 2.0) for EG in terms of technique, power, expressiveness and rhythm, whereas for CG the scores remained unchanged. Results suggested that incorporating a physical-motor training with a multilateral approach to karate technical sessions was more effective than technical training alone to improve physical-motor and technical performance in children.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science-2501-1235

The Purpose: This study was done for evaluating the connection between motor performance skills and body composition of the girls between 6-10 ages. The Method: 57 schoolgirls between 6-10 ages were included to the study. Weight, Age, Height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Free Fat Mass (FFM), Lean Muscle Mass (LMM), Body Fat Mass (BFM) and Body Fat Percentage (BFP) values were measured with (Inbody 230) branded tanita. Long jump, right hand and left hand strength, back strength, 20 meters speed test, sit & reach test, 1 minute pull-up and flamingo balance tests were applied to the participants. Results: Pearson Correlation Test was applied for the analysis by using SPSS 23.0 program. According to the results, the average age is (8,00±,926) years, the average height is (128,7±6,64) cm and the average weight is (28,6±6,67) kg. There is a statistically meaningful relation between long jump, right hand, left hand, back strength, flamingo balance test and BFM, FFM, LMM, BMI and BFP at the (p<0.01) level. However, there is no relation found between 20 meters speed test, sit & reach test, 1 minute pull-up test and body composition parameters. Discussion and Conclusion: At the end of our study, we can say that there is a meaningful relation in a positive way between some motor performance skills and body composition of the girls.
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition as a strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk

Human and rabbit plasma contain a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) that promotes net mass transfers of cholesteryl esters from high density lipoproteins (HDL) to other plasma lipoprotein fractions. As predicted, inhibition of CETP in both humans and rabbits increases the concentration of cholesterol in the potentially protective HDL fraction, while decreasing it in potentially proatherogenic non-HDL fractions. Inhibition of CETP in rabbits also inhibits the development of diet-induced atherosclerosis. However, use of the CETP inhibitor torcetrapib in humans did not reduce atheroma in three imaging trials and caused an excess of deaths and cardiovascular events in a large clinical outcome trial. The precise explanation for the harm caused by torcetrapib is unknown but may relate to documented, potentially harmful effects unrelated to inhibition of CETP. More recently, a trial using the weak CETP inhibitor dalcetrapib, which raises HDL levels less effectively than torcetrapib and does not lower non-HDL lipoprotein levels, was terminated early for reasons of futility. There was no evidence that dalcetrapib caused harm in that trial. Despite these setbacks, the hypothesis that CETP inhibitors will be antiatherogenic in humans is still being tested in studies with anacetrapib and evacetrapib, two CETP inhibitors that are much more potent than dalcetrapib and that do not share the off-target adverse effects of torcetrapib.
SKS wave splitting study of the transition zone at the central portion of the North China Craton

SKS wave splitting analysis is performed to image the upper mantle anisotropy on the teleseismic data recorded by Peking University temporary seismic arrays and several permanent seismic stations in the transition zone at the central portion of the North China Craton(NCC). Weak seismic anisotropy is observed inside the Ordos block with delay times less than 0.7s. The delay times in the eastern margin of the Ordos block,including the Shanxi Basin,Taihang mountain and the North China plain are larger than 1.0s,showing strong anisotropy in the upper mantle.The ENE fast polarization directions in the Taihang mountain are significantly different from the E-Wto ESE fast polarization directions in the Ordos block and the North China plain to the west and east.As the transition zone of the eastern and western NCC,the variation of the upper mantle anisotropy in the Taihang mountain may reveal a local asthenospheric flow around the southeastern corner of the Ordos block,induced by the anticlockwise rotation of the Ordos block and the eastward asthenospheric flow along the Qinling-Dabie orogen from the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.
Production of sorghum varietal diversity on farmers' fields in Eastern Ethiopia: economic explanations and implications for on-farm conservation

Varietal diversity in this paper refers to the portfolio of local/indigenous varieties managed by farmers. It is well recognized that this diversity is the building block for sustainable agricultural development. Crop genetic resources are inputs for variety development and pharmaceutical industries, means for indigenous crop insurance, and sources of indigenous medicine. Their continuous survival is, however, threatened by a variety of natural and human driven factors. This threat has brought about the need for designing conservation measures. Recently, among the various in situ and ex situ conservation strategies, on-farm conservation is receiving enormous attention due to its various desirable features. To implement this strategy, placement of incentives (that link conservation with utilization) and removal of perverse incentives will be crucial. To this end, there is a need to understand farmers’ motives for dealing with a portfolio of local varieties. With this motivation, the paper has adopted a utility-based model that considers on-farm varietal diversity as a positive externality of farmers’ livelihood decisions. To test the validity of the proposed relationships, a Poisson regression model is estimated using rural household survey data collected from 198 sorghum growing farmers in Eastern Ethiopia. The household survey was conducted from July 2001 till March 2002. The results have shown the most important factors promoting varietal diversity and those factors detaching the link between farmers’ land use decisions and their spillover effects on varietal diversity. Based on the empirical results, the paper concludes outlining the policy implications of the findings. + Corresponding author. / Eth. J. of Agric. Econ. 6(2) June 2007 42
Age and emplacement of the Mount Kinabalu pluton

K-Ar and fission track dating indicate that Mount Kinabalu, the highest point of the Western Cordillera of Sabah, was intruded in the Middle Miocene (10 to 13.7 Ma) and exhumed in the Late Miocene (6.7 to 7.8 Ma). These igneous and uplift events are closely reflected in major unconformities documented offshore in the oilfields, aild collectively known as the Sabah Orogeny. A tectonic model is presented, which relates the emplacement and uplift to Oligocene southeastwards subduction under dragging of the Dangerous Grounds terrane of the South China Sea, followed by Miocene isostatic rebound.
Identification of changes in floods and flood regimes in Canada using a peaks over threshold approach

Recent flood events in Canada have led to speculation that changes in flood behaviour are occurring; these changes have often been attributed to climate change. This paper examines flood data for a collection of 132 gauging stations in Canada. All of these watersheds are part of the Canadian Reference Hydrometric Basin Network (RHBN), a group of gauging stations specifically assembled to assist in the identification of the impacts of climate change. The RHBN stations are considered to have good quality data and were screened to avoid the influences of regulation, diversions, or land use change. Daily flow data for each watershed are used to derive a peaks over threshold (POT) dataset. Several measures of flood behaviour are examined based on the POT data, which afford a more in‐depth analysis of flood behaviour than can be obtained using annual maxima data. Analysis is conducted for four time periods ranging from 50 to 80 years in duration; the latter period results in a much smaller number of watersheds that have data for the period. The changes in flood responses of the watersheds are summarized by grouping the watersheds by size (small, medium, and large) and also by hydrologic regime (nival, mixed, and pluvial). The results provide important insights into the nature of the changes that are occurring in flood regimes of Canadian rivers, which include more flood exceedances, reduced maximum flood exceedance magnitudes for snowmelt events, and earlier flood events. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overcoming Vulnerabilities of Health Care Systems

This paper investigates the vulnerabilities of health care systems in OECD and BRIICS countries to adverse secular trends and large macroeconomic shocks. It identifies policies that can ally vulnerabilities considering the institutional setting of health care systems, such as the public-private mix and the main sources of revenues, and the need to balance economic sustainability with the adequacy of services. Surmonter les vulnerabilites des systemes de sante Ce document examine les vulnerabilites des systemes de sante, dans les pays de l’OCDE et dans les pays BRIICS, face a des tendances seculaires negatives et a d’importants chocs macroeconomiques. Il identifie les politiques qui peuvent permettre de concilier les vulnerabilites compte tenu des caracteristiques structurelles des systemes de sante qui dependent notamment de l’articulation public-prive et des principales sources de financement, et la necessite de trouver un compromis entre durabilite economique et niveau adequat des services.
From Farmers to Fishers: Developing Reservoir Aquaculture for People Displaced by Dams

Hydropower and irrigation projects involving reservoirs can displace thousands of people from their traditional lands and deprive them of their livelihoods. Solutions that are technically feasible, sustainable, environmentally appropriate, and acceptable to the people who are resettled demand a view of reservoirs as ecological resources than as mere water storage units. This paper explains how the planned, integrated development of fisheries ecosystems in reservoirs not only can mitigate the negative social consequences on dam construction, but also can enhance the economic benefits from hydropower and irrigation projects in many developing countries. The use of integrated reservoir fisheries and aquaculture development as a tool in large-scale resettlement and environment rehabilitation has received little attention despite reports from a growing number of projects showing unexpectedly high returns from fisheries. The Saguling-Cirata reservoir project in West Java, Indonesia, was the first to demonstrate the potential of a planned ecosystems approach to resettlement fisheries. The development of fisheries is complex, since it requires a great deal of preparation and planning not only for the water-based fisheries systems, but also for the land-based infrastructure, seed, feed, and other market and agricultural support systems that are vital components. But if the right conditions are in place, the planned development of reservoir fisheries can be an effective way to create alternative livelihoods for people displaced by a reservoir, greatly enhancing the economic and social benefits from hydropower and irrigation projects.
Urban heat island effects on estimates of observed climate change

Urban heat islands are a result of the physical properties of buildings and other structures, and the emission of heat by human activities. They are most pronounced on clear, calm nights; their strength depends also on the background geography and climate, and there are often cool islands in parks and less‐developed areas. Some old city centers no longer show warming trends relative to rural neighbourhoods, because urban development has stabilised. This article reviews the effects that urban heat islands may have on estimates of global near‐surface temperature trends. These effects have been reduced by avoiding or adjusting urban temperature measurements. Comparisons of windy weather with calm‐weather air temperature trends for a worldwide set of observing sites suggest that global near‐surface temperature trends have not been greatly affected by urban warming trends; this is supported by comparisons with marine surface temperatures. The use of dynamical‐model‐based reanalyses to estimate urban influences has been hindered by the heterogeneity of the data input to the reanalyses and by biases in the models. However, improvements in reanalyses are increasing their utility for assessing the surface air temperature record. High‐resolution climate models and data on changing land use offer potential for future assessment of worldwide urban warming influences. The latest assessments of the likely magnitude of the residual urban trend in available global near‐surface temperature records are summarized, along with the uncertainties of these residual trends. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New approach in evaluating tourism a ttractiveness in the region of Moldavia (Romania)

This study opens some question marks over the actual tourism concepts and methods used in the evaluation of tourism phenomena in Romania. Overused and misused syntagms such as "tourism potential" have created gaps in understanding how supply elements reflect in tourist demand, as potential only expresses some territorial capabilities. The concept of "tourism attractiveness" as formulated by Formica, S. is a better instrument to explore the relationship between supply and demand. Thus, knowledge of mechanisms which produce benefits at regional scale is often poor, if we take a glance at the evaluation method used by the Space Planning of National Territory of Romania. By using principles utilized in regional analysis by Smith or Lovingwood, this paperwork tries to build a new approach in identifying key role of tourism resources and infrastructures (potential and existent supply) in attracting important amounts of tourists in Moldavia. The results confirm for this region of Romania a great role of presence of cultural resources as proximity factor of tourist registration and lack of strength of natural resources in producing overnights when not correlated with good access. Our approach shows the need for a paradigm shift in Romanian conceptual instruments used in the evaluation of tourism.
The «Painted» Hypogeum of Crispia Salvia (Marsala-TP) ‒ 2nd Century C.E. Preliminary Anthropological and Archaeological Report of Tomb 3 and Tomb 4

The «Painted Hypogeum of Crispia Salvia» is the most important monument of the ancient Punic-Roman necropolis of Lilibeo (today's Marsala). It is the only known paradigmatic example in Sicily of pictorial wall decoration. Iulius Demetrius commissioned the monument in memory of his wife Crispia Salvia, a noblewoman descended from two very important Sicilian families. Here we report on a preliminary anthropological study of Tombs 3 and 4 (Crispia Salvia and Iulius Demetrius). We integrated the historical-cultural context with the osteological data. The results combining laboratory and archaeological research confirm the presence of two high-ranking individuals characterized by conditions and lifestyle that were exclusive to Roman patrician families.
Geophysical and Geochemical Analyses of Flow and Deformation in Fractured Rock

Under geophysical and geochemical forcing whole and fractured rock exhibit dynamic characteristics of hydraulic transport and mechanical deformation. Changes to permeability, porosity, and compressibility can be rapid and significant, with shortand long-term variability of intrinsic rock and fracture properties linked intricately to the applied forces: temperature, fluid pressure, mechanical stress, and chemical potential. The magnitude and interaction of these applied forces and controlling parameters govern fluid circulation in geothermal reservoirs, transport and trapping mechanisms in the sequestration of carbon dioxide, saturation state surrounding high temperature radioactive waste, fluid circulation and recovery in petroleum reservoirs, pressure dissipation rate within active fault zones, and the failure potential of volcanic domes, to name a few. To a far greater extent than many anthropogenic materials, rocks are defined by anisotropic and discontinuous material properties. And, as in any scientific analysis, complex mechanisms are often best approximated by determining the rate-limiting step, or the variable that defines most strongly an observable process. For fluid flow and deformation within earth materials, it is often the discontinuous features that define behavior: fractures. The following is a study of fluid flow and deformation in fractured rock, with particular emphasis on environments under thermal and chemical stress. Because of their significance, fractures are treated in the greatest detail, with constitutive modeling at pore and reservoir scale, and their impact explored with reservoir scale numerical simulation. Part I of this thesis (Chapters I-IV) explores the behavior of engineered systems pushed far from equilibrium and highlights feedbacks between stress and chemistry on the evolution of the mechanical and transport properties of rocks; these observations and analyses are focused on the behavior of geothermal reservoirs. Part II (Chapters V-VI) examines the response to natural forcing and follows the complex interactions that shape processes in volcanic environments. Part I: Engineered Environments Chapter I introduces a method to couple the thermal (T), hydrologic (H), and chemical precipitation/dissolution (C) capabilities of TOUGHREACT with the mechanical (M) framework of FLAC to examine THMC processes in deformable, fractured porous media. The combined influence of stress-driven asperity dissolution, thermal-hydro-mechanical asperity compaction/dilation, and mineral precipitation/dissolution alter the permeability of fractures during thermal, hydraulic, and chemical stimulation. Fracture and matrix are mechanically linked through linear, dual-porosity poroelasticity. Stress-dissolution effects are driven by augmented effective stresses incrementally defined at steady state with feedbacks to the transport system as a mass source, and to the mechanical system as an equivalent
A Novel Approach: Evaluating ChatGPT's Utility for the Management of Thyroid Nodules

Background and objective Artificial intelligence (AI) applications such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) created by OpenAI, which represent the revolutionary aspects of today's technology, have benefitted professionals in many fields and society at large. In this study, we aimed to assess how effective is ChatGPT in helping both the patient and the physician manage thyroid nodules, a very common pathology. Methods Fifty-five questions frequently asked by patients were identified and asked to ChatGPT. Subsequently, three cases of thyroid nodules were progressively presented to ChatGPT. The answers to patient questions were scored for correctness and reliability by two endocrinologists. As for the cases, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches provided by ChatGPT were analyzed and scored by two endocrinologists for correctness, safety, and usability. The responses were evaluated by using 7-point Likert-type scales designed by us. Results The answers to patient questions were found to be mostly correct and reliable by both raters (Rater #1: 6.47 ± 0.50 and 6.27 ± 0.52; Rater #2: 6.18 ± 0.92 and 6.09 ± 0.96). Regarding the management of cases, ChatGPT's approach was found to be largely correct, safe, and usable by Rater #1, while Rater #2 evaluated the approaches as partially or mostly correct, safe, and usable. Conclusion Based on our findings, ChatGPT can be used as an informative and reliable resource for managing patients with thyroid nodules. While it is not suitable to be used as a primary resource for physicians, it has the potential to be a helpful and supportive tool.
Trends in Indices of Daily Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in Europe, 1946–99

Abstract Trends in indices of climate extremes are studied on the basis of daily series of temperature and precipitation observations from more than 100 meteorological stations in Europe. The period is 1946–99, a warming episode. Averaged over all stations, the indices of temperature extremes indicate “symmetric” warming of the cold and warm tails of the distributions of daily minimum and maximum temperature in this period. However, “asymmetry” is found for the trends if the period is split into two subperiods. For the 1946–75 subperiod, an episode of slight cooling, the annual number of warm extremes decreases, but the annual number of cold extremes does not increase. This implies a reduction in temperature variability. For the 1976–99 subperiod, an episode of pronounced warming, the annual number of warm extremes increases 2 times faster than expected from the corresponding decrease in the number of cold extremes. This implies an increase in temperature variability, which is mainly due to stagnation in .