Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production engine emission sensor modeling for in-use measurement and on-board diagnostics

Production engine emission sensors have become essential for on-board measurement in the exhaust gas and for engine feedback control. To help design future amperometric sensors, first the diffusion mechanism of a zirconia-based amperometric NOx sensor was examined by studying the effect of sensor temperature on sensor output. The multi component molecular diffusion mechanism was experimentally found to be the dominant diffusion mechanism that affects the diffusive flow through the sensor diffusion barriers. A sensor model was developed based on this dominant diffusion mechanism to predict NOx concentration which was validated with the experiments at different Diesel engine operating conditions with different species concentrations. Then, a physics-based sensor model that includes diffusion and electrochemical submodels is developed. It is shown that NO is partly reduced in the O2 sensing chamber which affects NO concentration in the O2 sensing chamber and in the NOx sensing chamber. Therefore, the electrochemical model is developed to simulate partial reduction of NOx on the O2 sensing electrode and reduction of NOx on the NOx sensing electrode. A transport model that simulates diffusion of the gas species through the sensor diffusion barriers and sensor chambers is coupled to the electrochemical submodels. Experiments at different engine operating conditions with different NOx concentrations from 0 to 2820 ppm have been performed to validate the model accuracy at different operating conditions. The model results closely match the experiments with a maximum 12% error for the NOx sensing pumping current. Cross-sensitivity of electrochemical sensors to the other exhaust gas contaminations, especially NH3, is still a challenge for the automotive industry. A dynamic NOx sensor model is developed to remove ammonia cross sensitivity from production NOx sensors mounted downstream of Diesel-engine selective catalytic reduction
Relationships between HIV testing, knowledge, and stigma among men: Reports from Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine

ABSTRACT A surge in heterosexual transmission of HIV among men in post-Soviet countries prompts the need to understand the determinants of HIV testing in the region. Survey data from Belarus (n = 2,769), Moldova (n = 1,545), and Ukraine (n = 3,620) were used to assess an influence of psychosocial determinants on testing among men. A mediation analysis for binary outcomes was used to assess effects of knowledge and stigma on testing. While knowledge had a positive influence on testing in each country, an indirect influence of knowledge through stigma was unique for each country. Implications for interventions and social work are discussed in the light of findings.
Potentials of sago fibre hydrolysate (SFH) as a sole fermentation media for bioethanol production

Sago wastewater which contains starchy fibres from sago starch processing mills is commonly discharged directly to nearby stream thus contribute to serious environmental pollution. Sago fibre which is known to be a local agricultural waste mainly contains residual starch of about (50 – 60 %) together with cellulosic component. These contribute to high carbohydrate contents which suitable to be used as substrate for ethanol production. Initially, sago fibre (SF) was converted into sago fibre hydrolysate (SFH) via enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial enzymes; Liquozyme SC DS and Spirizyme Fuel HS. This study emphasized on batch ethanol fermentation by commercial baker’s yeast utilizing 50 g/L and 80 g/L glucose of SFH as the sole fermentation medium. The results indicate that 50 g/L glucose from SFH media is capable of generating maximum ethanol concentration at 20.33 ± 0.15 g/L, with highest glucose consumption efficiency (97.78 %) during 24 hours of fermentation. Similar concentration of bioethanol was obtained in 50 g/L glucose of commercial glucose (CG) media which is at 20.04 ± 0.06 g/L. However, lower ethanol concentration was obtained in both 80 g/L glucose from SFH (13.32 ± 0.12 g/L) and CG (12.98 ± 0. 04 g/L media), respectively. Addition of yeast extract at 3 g/L into 80 g/L SFH as well as CG significantly improve ethanol fermentability (SFH: 41.04 ± 0.04 g/L and CG: 33.96 ± 0.04 g/L). Based on statistical analyses, 50 g/L glucose of SFH media exhibit the highest ethanol yield (0.42 ± 0.003 g/g) and highest fermentation efficiency (81.35 ± 0.572 %) compared to 80 g/L glucose (0.24 ± 0.008 g/g; 46.65 ± 1.50 %). Conclusively, this study demonstrated that glucose in SFH was metabolized efficiently by commercial baker’s yeast during ethanol fermentation, thus suggesting the capability of SFH to be a feasible and alternative substrate with less expensive nitrogen source for the renewable bioethanol production.
Changes in Teat Morphology (Doka Phenomenon) and Estrus Prediction in Riverine Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

The objective of the study was to characterize the term Doka and to capture morphological changes in teat to find out the relationship between Doka and onset of estrus in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). The Murrah buffaloes maintained at of Livestock Research Centre (LRC), ICAR-NDRI, Karnal were classified into two groups based on the lactation number for the study of Doka characteristics. In group I, twenty animals up to 3rd lactation were incorporated, whereas thirty animals from 4th to 5th lactation were included in group II. The period when buffaloes showed teat engorgement was called as Doka period, is the local term used by the farmers in North India that can be taken as a visual sign for prediction of estrus. The length and diameter of teats, before and after milking were measured, for both the groups during morning and evening milking and subsequently analyzed. The present study confirmed that the teat diameter (mm) before milking during Doka was significantly (plessthan0.05) higher as compared to pre Doka period in both the groups (group-I - 37.01 ±2.13 vs 28.42 ±1.64, group-II - 53.49 ±2.82 vs 41.096±2.16). The teat diameter (mm) during Doka period after milking was significantly (plessthan0.05) more in both the groups (group-I - 26.65 ±1.26 vs 24.44 ±1.16, group-II - 39.27 ±2.41 vs 35.31 ±2.17) as compared to pre Doka period. So, it can be concluded that the changes in teat diameter can safely be considered as a sign of Doka and the forthcoming heat in Murrah buffaloes. However, the difference in teat length between different stages of Doka was found to be non significant.
A hybrid model for main bearing fatigue prognosis based on physics and machine learning

Unexpected main bearing failure on a wind turbine causes unwanted maintenance and increased operation costs (mainly due to crane, parts, labor, and production loss). Unfortunately, historical data indicates that failure can happen far earlier than the design lives of the component. Root cause analysis investigations have pointed to problems inherent from manufacturing as the major contributor, as well as issues related to event loads (e
Spatio‐temporal variability of the annual and monthly extreme temperature indices in Nepal

Investigating the changes in the extreme temperature indices is crucial for the assessment of climate change and to recommend practical adaptation strategies particularly in countries like Nepal, which is highly prone to the impacts of extreme climatic events. This study analyses the mean temperatures and the changes of extreme temperature indices at 25 stations located in different physiographic regions in Nepal at monthly and annual time scales for 1986–2015. Ten extreme temperature indices recommended by ETCCDI are selected and examined. Quality control is first conducted for original daily maximum and minimum temperature data. In Nepal, it is warming in general with maximum temperature (0.04°C year−1) increasing faster than minimum temperature (0.02°C year−1) on countrywide average which is contrary to the changes in the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings and the global average. The changes in extreme temperatures are spatiotemporally heterogeneous and unique. Annually, cold extremes increase but the percentage of days below 10th percentile becomes less frequent. Terai and Siwalik plain regions show negative annual trends in cold indices (TNn and TXn), but mixed changes in other extreme indices. There are strong correlations between the trends of maximum temperature‐related variables and elevation. This analysis also adds the evidence of pronounced warming in higher elevation only for day‐time extreme temperatures but not for temperature minima in Nepal which differs from the other studies around the world. This study also reveals that December and January tend to have colder days in the Terai. However, summer months are getting hotter in each region across the country. Kathmandu, the most urbanized city in Nepal shows a significant increase in minimum temperature (Tmin) and minimum Tmin (TNn) indicating the influence of urbanization in temperature change ‐ an urban heat island effect.
Learning with Limited Annotated Data for Visual Understanding. (Apprentissage avec des données annotées limitées pour une compréhension visuelle)

Recuperation d'image a grande echelle avec les reseaux de neurones profonds. Le principal objectif de substituer les descripteurs traditionnels pour les images qui sont basees sur les caracteristiques artisanales avec celles extraites des reseaux de neurones convolutionnels profonds pour obtenir de meilleurs resultats dans la recuperation et avoir des representations des images qui sont plus robustes aux transformations d'image.
Grandchild Care and Female Labor Supply: Evidence from a Universal Child Care Program in China

As an important employment supportive policy, the impact of universal and subsidized child care on the mothers and children has aroused extensive concern in the research community. However, little is known about how grandmothers respond to easier accessibility to public child care. This paper fills the gap by evaluating the effect of increasing accessibility to formal child care facility on female labor supply from the perspective of grandchild care. Utilizing the first universal child care program in China, we develop a Differences-in-Differences strategy to identify the causal effect. Exploiting the variation in child care facility expansion intensity across provinces and over years, we find that the universal child care has a strong and robust positive effect on promoting labor force participation of the female aged 40 to 60 with preschool grandchildren, while the male are not influenced. Further investigation into the hours worked per week suggests that the effect is mostly at extensive margins while rarely at intensive margins. Moreover, the effect is more significant for individuals from higher-income family, with higher educational attainment, and to join in the wage-earning sector.
Efficiency of Problem-Based Learning in Medical Education: Views of Tutors and Students

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.4778 Received: 06.08. 2016 Accepted: 29.08. 2016 Printed: 01.06. 2016 J Clin Anal Med 2016;7(suppl 3): 243-6 Corresponding Author: Erol Gurpinar, Department of Medical Education, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, 07040 Antalya, Turkey. T. : +9
The effect of the educational intervention on health literacy level in the girl students

Background and objective: Health literacy represents the whole range of skills and resources that is related to individuals' ability to process information around health and wellness. The present study aimed to determine the effects of educational intervention on health literacy among female students in the second year of study at high school in the academic year of 95-96 at Siahkal city. Methods:It is a randomized, controlled trial. The population consists of 132 students (71 students in the intervention group, 61 students in the control group) who were selected between girl students in the second year of study at high school in Siahkal city via convenience sampling method and were divided randomly into one intervention group and one control group. To collect data, health literacy of student’s questionnaire (HELMA) was used in two stages (pre-test and post-test). The intervention group was received four health literacy training sessions. Paired t-test, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data using spss21 software. Results: The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the mean of domains of the two groups including reading skills, evaluating and computing domains. However, there is no significant difference between two groups in comparison of some skills such as accessing, understanding, communicating, self-efficacy, use and also the general domain study. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of educational intervention is effective on empowerment and improving the health literacy of girl students. It is evident in the area of understanding, calculating and evaluating the effects of intervention. Paper Type:Research Article.
Variable environments select for short lifespan

The role of environmental variation in the evolution of lifespan is contested. Classic theory suggests that variable environments result in evolution of long life but novel theoretical breakthroughs show that environmental variation can instead select for short lifespan when the changes are rapid relative to generation time. Here we combined simulation modelling and experimental evolution to study the evolution of lifespan in response to temperature variation to provide the first empirical test of the new theory. Genetically diverse populations of the outcrossing nematode Caenorhabditis remanei, were exposed to a novel, stressful temperature for 30 generations, in either stable, slowly increasing or fluctuating temperature regimes. We found evolution of shorter lifespan in populations evolving in rapidly fluctuating environments both in simulation models and in real populations supporting the new theory. While climate warming is predicted to increase environmental stochasticity, our results show that fast temperature cycles rapidly select for short lifespan.
Path Dependence in New Ventures’ Capital Structures

We explore new ventures’ capital structures, providing novel theoretical reasoning concerning path dependence. We examine a longitudinal sample of 1,756 Swedish startups and their use of external financing. We find support for path dependence in new ventures’ financial structures in that their early funding choices of subsidies, debt or equity, persist over time, with the strongest path effect for equity. In line with theory, those ventures who replace their CEO are more likely to change capital structures. Our study adds to the stream of research providing alternative explanations to prevailing theories of the evolution of new ventures’ financing structures.
University of Southern Denmark Enhancing brand value using corporate social responsibility initiatives Evidence from financial services brands in Saudi Arabia

Purpose – This study investigates employees’ perceptions of socially responsible financial services brands in Saudi Arabia. The study also identifies the motives and challenges for Islamic banks for higher involvement in social responsibility initiatives in order to enhance their brand values. Design/methodology/approach – An inductive approach was utilised in this study to identify the motives and challenges related to CSR activities. The research design utilises a qualitative approach where in-depth interviews were carried out among the employees in the financial services sector in Saudi Arabia. Findings – Findings provide insights about how CSR initiatives for financial services brands in a developing and Islamic country are perceived. Results show that the focus of CSR activities is on the attribute of CSR, magnitude of CSR, and attitude towards CSR. Results show two main motives to engage in CSR activities, which are instrumental and ethical motives. The main challenges are related to the government, business, charitable organisations and customers and society. Implications – Implications exist for how CSR is perceived in a new context and in the financial services industry. Understanding the current perception of CSR from a financial service brand perspective helps policymakers to develop appropriate platforms for financial service providers to become more socially involved. Originality/value – The major contribution of this study lies in investigating the CSR perception among the key stakeholder (i.e. the employees) from a brand management perspective in the Saudi Arabian financial services sector. Further, this study shows the main motives and challenges which local financial service brands face in order to become socially responsible. The categories of attributes, magnitude, and attitudes can be utilised to enhance brand value in one of the economically advanced countries in the Arabic world, Saudi Arabia. In the first category “Attribute”, the perception of socially responsible banks are highlighted, while the elements of CSR, including its dimensions, are emphasised in the second category “Magnitude”. The third category “Attitude” shows two themes, including stakeholders’ issues and business related issues.
Influence of Cutting Attachment on Noise Level Emitted by Brush Cutter during Tending of Young Forests

A brush cutter is the most frequently used equipment for tending young forests. When cutting unwanted vegetation, the operator is exposed to various harmful factors, such as: a forced body position, noise, vibrations and exhaust emissions. In this study, the impact of cutting attachment type on the noise level during tending of young pine stands was examined. The attachments used during the tests included: a wire head and cutting blades with 2, 3 and 24 cutting teeth. The research was carried out on 2–3 year old Scots pine plantations covered with three types of vegetation: herbaceous, mixed and woody. It was proven that the the wire head was the device that generated the highest level of noise. In the case of cutting blades, the number of cutting teeth was the important factor. The greater the number of teeth in the cutting blades, the lower the noise level the device produced. There was no significant influence of vegetation type on noise emission level. Based on the results, in order to minimize operators’ exposure to noise, the use of wire cutting attachment should be limited.
Antecedents of Relationship Learning in Business-Non-Profit Organization Collaboration Agreements

The literature has highlighted that relationship learning constitutes a value creation pathway in business and non-profit collaborations. However, this process has not been studied in detail. The main objective of this study was to carry out an in-depth analysis of relationship learning by examining the main factors that favor its development. For this, a research model was developed based on the relevant literature in the field of Relationship Marketing and Inter-Organizational Learning. The hypotheses were tested with data collected from 102 Spanish firms in collaboration relationships with non-profit organizations. The results reveal the importance of four relational variables in the direct and indirect explanation of relationship learning—values shared by the partners, trust, commitment, and cooperation. First, shared values form a key antecedent of trust and commitment, these in turn are fundamental precursors of the partners’ cooperation, and commitment and cooperation showed themselves to be the main determinants of relationship learning between firms and non-profit organizations. The proposed model could enrich the relevant literature and provide better understanding of the relational aspects that businesses and non-profit organizations should work on if they wish to improve their level of relationship learning.
The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and hyperemesis gravidarum

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is the severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. The reported incidence of Hyperemesis gravidarum is about 0.5-2.0%. For the diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum there must be presence of three or more vomiting episodes during the day, weight loss of over 5% and ketonuria. Studies have recently suggested that there is an association between emesis gravidarum and hyperemesis gravidarum with Helicobacter pylori infection. Serologically positive H. pylori infection has been demonstrated in hyperemesis patients. Objective: To detect if there is association between hyperemesis gravidarum and infection with helicobacter pylori. Methods: The study included 200 women that were classified into two groups. Group (1) 100 women with hyperemesis gravidarum and group (2) 100 women with usual antenatal care. Serum H. pylori titre was measured for detection of seropositivity incidence in both groups. Results: Regarding H. pylori IgG titre, there was significant difference between study group and control group. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is significant correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and occurrence of emesis gravidarum.
Operationalizing Stakeholder Theory and Prioritizing Ethics in MBA Programs: The Utility of a Trust Approach

At a time when some are questioning the relevancy of business education in general, others are now asking whether MBA programs should be blamed for society&#8217;s declining trust in business and the numerous corporate ethical failures of recent decades. Whether the full blame lies with business schools or not, MBA instructors are actively seeking more effective ways to help students adopt more practical and ethical managerial paradigms. Because trust theory is simple and robust and outlines the basic mental processes that drive economic exchange while simultaneously prioritizing ethical behavior, in this article, we argue that it is distinctively suited to operationalize stakeholder theory in the classroom, providing MBA students with both a principled and a practical foundation or thematic platform for their MBA coursework and subsequent careers. We also discuss potential challenges and limitations and provide recommendations for future research.
Forms and functions of on-the-fly formative assessment conversations in physics inquiry lessons

ABSTRACT This case study examined teachers’ on-the-fly formative assessment conversations, that is, how teachers collect information from students’ thinking and use that information to support their learning during teacher-student interactions. Previous studies have typically analysed whole-class discussions on the level of speaking turns, and have identified means of collecting information (eliciting) and using information (feedback). This study used episode-based analysis to identify both forms and functions of on-the-fly formative assessment conversations during all phases of the inquiry lessons. We video-recorded two teachers' physics lessons for 7th graders (13–14 years). When analysing the forms of on-the-fly formative assessment conversations, we found five types of collecting information, including questioning and other means, and four ways of using the information. We also studied the functions of on-the-fly formative assessment and found four main functions and their sub-functions. The main functions differed according to the purpose of guiding in relation to the flow of student inquiry. Teachers (1) checked or examined students’ thinking, (2) corrected or developed students’ present thinking, (3) redirected students’ thinking and (4) reviewed students’ thinking. The analysis of forms and functions enabled us to recognise differences in two physics inquiry lessons on the same topic.