Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A plug-in approach to support estimation

We suggest a new approach, based on the use of density estimators, for the problem of estimating the (compact) support of a multivariate density. This subject (motivated in terms of pattern analysis by Grenander) has interesting connections with detection and clustering. A natural class of density-based estimators is defined. Universal consistency results and convergence rates are established for these estimators, with respect to the usual measure-based metric d μ between sets. Further convergence rates (with respect to both d μ and the Hausdorff metric d H ) are also obtained under some, fairly intuitive, shape restrictions.
TUNNELING FROM A MANY-PARTICLE POINT OF VIEW

ABS>The Hamiltonian for a system of interacting electrons in the presence of a barrier is transformed into one which can be separated into three parts. Two of the parts describe the electrons on the right'' and left'' sides of the barrier, while the third is a transition term which allows tunneling through the barrier. It is shown that it is not reasonable to make the right'- and left''-hand hamiltonians commute, but the effect of this failure is easily accounted for in perturbation theory. In addition, corrections to the transition operator arising from interelectronic interaction are written down and discussed briefly. They may be both quantitatively and qualitatively important. (auth)
Optimizing electromagnetic devices combining direct search methods with simulated annealing

Problems of optimization in computational electromagnetics are discussed with particular reference to the determination of the global minimum of practical objective functions. An optimizing environment is described which uses integral methods for calculating user-defined objective functions. Results are presented which combine stochastic and direct search techniques to find a satisfactory design optimum of practical problems. >
Effect of EDTA Gel on Residual Subgingival Calculus and Biofilm: An In Vitro Pilot Study

Background: Residual calculus, following scaling and root planing (SRP), is associated with persistent inflammation and the progression of periodontitis. This study examined the effects of a 24% neutral ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel on subgingival calculus and biofilms. Methods: Eleven single-rooted teeth extracted because of severe periodontal disease were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: (1) three teeth served as untreated controls; (2) three teeth were treated by scaling and root planing (SRP) only; and (3) three teeth were treated by SRP + EDTA. The remaining two teeth, one SRP only and the other SRP + EDTA were designated for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. EDTA gel was placed on the SRP surface for 2 min and then burnished with a sterile cotton pellet. Results: SRP + EDTA treated specimens exhibited severely damaged biofilm and the disruption of the extracellular polymeric matrix. EDS scans of the smear layer and calculus featured reductions in the Weight % and Atomic % for N, F, Na, and S and increases in Mg, P, and Ca. Conclusions: A 25% neutral EDTA gel was applied after SRP severely disrupted the residual biofilm and altered the character of dental calculus and the smear layer as shown by reductions in the Weight % and Atomic % for N, F, Na, and S and increases in Mg, P, and Ca.
The belief that masculinity has a negative influence on one’s behavior is related to reduced mental well-being

Objectives: Masculinity is sometimes presumed to be a cause of mental health problems and antisocial behavior in men. This study sought to identify the predictors of men’s mental well-being, including their attitudes to masculinity. Methods: 4,025 men from the UK and Germany (GDR) were asked about their core values, which areas of their life they felt were important, and their opinions about masculinity. , Their mental well-being was measured using the Positive Mindset Index (PMI). Multiple linear regression assessed the degree to which their answers were linked to their mental well-being. Results: The results in both countries were similar. The main predictors of higher PMI scores were Personal Growth Satisfaction (UK β = 0.211; t = 6.146; P < 0.0000005; GDR β = 0.160; t = 5.023; P < 0.000001), Age (being older) (UK β = 0.150; t = 4.725; P < 0.00001; GDR β =0.125; t = 4.075; P < 0.00005), not taking a Negative view of Masculinity (UK β = 0.101; t = −3.458; P < 0.001; GDR β = −0.118; t = −4.014; P < 0.0001), and Health Satisfaction (UK β = 0.124; t = 3.785; P < 0.0001; GDR β = 0.118; t = 3.897; P < 0.0001). In addition, in the UK, Education Satisfaction was the fourth strongest predictor of PMI (β = 0.105; t = 3.578; P < 0.0005), and in Germany, Having a Positive View of Masculinity was the fifth strongest predictor of PMI (β = 0.097; t = 3.647; P < 0.0005). Conclusions: These findings are discussed in relation to whether the negative view of masculinity often cited in the media and elsewhere is having a negative impact on men’s mental health.
Ion flux from the cathode region of a vacuum arc

This paper reviews the properties of the cathode ion flux generated in the vacuum arc. The structure and distribution of mass erosion from individual cathode spots and the characteristics of current carriers from the cathode region at moderate arc currents are described. An appreciable ion flux (∼10% of total arc current) is emitted from the cathode of a vacuum arc. This ion flux is strongly peaked in the direction of the anode, though some ion flux may be seen even at angles below the plane of the cathode surface. The observed spatial distribution of the ion flux is expressed quite well as an exponential function of solid angle. The ion flux is quite energetic, with average ion potentials much larger than the arc voltage, and generally contains a considerable fraction of multiply-charged ions. The average ion potential and ion multiplicity increase significantly for cathode materials with higher arc voltages, but decrease with increasing arc current for a particular material. The main theories concerning ion acceleration in cathode spots are the potential hump theory (PH), which assumes that all ions are created at the same potential, and the gas dynamic theory (GD), which assumes that all ions are created with the same flow velocity. Experimental data on the potentials and energies of individual ions indicates that these theories in their original forms are not quite correct, however extensions or modifications of the PH and GD theories seem very likely to be able to predict correct values for the charge states, potentials, and energies of individual ions.
Review of the evidence of sentience in cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans

All cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans should be regarded as sentient and protected under UK animal welfare law. This is the headline conclusion of this thoughtful report, that is going to have a profound impact on the way these animals are treated within the UK — and likely inform policy elsewhere. In response, the UK government has indicated that they accept this position and will look to/have extended forthcoming animal welfare legislation to include lobsters, octopus and crabs and all other decapod crustaceans and cephalopod molluscs.
OPENING REMARKS: EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF CHIRAL SYMMETRY BREAKING

A physical introduction to the basics of chiral dynamics is presented. Emphasis is placed on experimental tests which have generally demonstrated a strong confirmation of the predictions of chiral perturbation theory, a low energy effective field theory of QCD. Special attention is paid to a few cases where discrepancies exist, requiring further work. Some desirable future tests are also recommended.
Phase field simulation and experimental investigation of the electro‐mechanical behavior of ferroelectrics

The electro‐mechanical behavior of ferroelectric materials is studied by a joint experimental and numerical investigation. The experiments were performed on lead zirconate titanate PIC151 (PI Ceramics) samples, and the numerical simulations were done by a 2D Finite Element implementation of a continuum phase field model. To limit computational costs, the material is idealized as a single crystal. The phase field parameters for the material are determined through experimental parameter identification. Numerical results are presented to show the domain structure evolution within the crystal. In comparison to experimental results, calculations are carried out to disclose mesoscopic properties of the material under various poling scenarios, the dependence of the coercive field on the electric loading frequency, and the improvement of the material properties by stress‐assisted poling procedures.
Protective Effect of Bojungikki-Tang against Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice: Experimental Verification and Compound-Target Prediction

Bojungikki-tang (BJIT) is a traditional herbal medicine used in Korea, Japan, and China to treat gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether BJIT has protective effects against radiation-induced intestinal injury and to predict the underlying therapeutic mechanisms and related pathways via network pharmacological analyses. BJIT was injected intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg body weight) to C3H/HeN mice at 36 and 12 h before exposure to partial abdominal irradiation (5 Gy and 13 Gy) to evaluate the apoptotic changes and the histological changes and variations in inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in the jejunum, respectively. Through in silico network analysis, we predicted the mechanisms underlying BJIT-mediated regulation of radiation-induced intestinal injury. BJIT reduced the level of apoptosis in the jejunal crypts 12 h post 5-Gy irradiation. Histological assessment revealed intestinal morphological changes in irradiated mice 3.5 days post 13-Gy irradiation. Furthermore, BJIT decreased inflammatory cytokine levels following radiation exposure. Apoptosis, TNF, p53, VEGF, toll-like receptor, PPAR, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), were found to be linked to the radioprotective effects of BJIT against intestinal injury. According to our results, BJIT exerted its potential protective effects by attenuating histopathological changes in jejunal crypts and suppressing inflammatory mediator levels. Therefore, BJIT is a potential therapeutic agent that can treat radiation-induced intestinal injury and its associated symptoms.
Effects of social rank and familiarity on dustbathing in domestic fowl

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of social rank (Experiment 1) and familiarity (Experiment 2) on dust-bathing in domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). We conducted choice tests between two conditions using actual birds as the stimuli and evaluated the effects in terms of quality and quantity of dustbathing performed. Twenty-four, medium-ranked hens were selected as test subjects. The stimuli presented were combinations of a high-ranked hen, a low-ranked hen, or no hen at all for Experiment 1, and a combination of a familiar hen, an unfamiliar hen, or no hen for Experiment 2. The number and duration of dustbaths, wing tosses as well as other behaviours were measured. For Experiment 1, the test hen performed dustbathing more frequently on the side of the hen, regardless of its social rank, when presented with a choice of a high- or low-ranked hen, or no hen. For Experiment 2, the test hen performed dustbathing more frequently on the side of the familiar hen when presented with a familiar hen or no hen, and more frequently on the side of no hen when presented with an unfamiliar hen and no hen. It was concluded that dustbathing was not affected by social rank, and that the quality and quantity of dustbathing was greater on the side of the familiar hen. However, dustbathing was restricted by the presence of an unfamiliar hen.
The Perspectives of Academic Leaders on Positioning Higher Education for the Knowledge Economy in Oman: Challenges and Opportunities

Oman Vision 2040 strives to continue shifting the country from an oil to a non-oil-based economy by emphasizing the value of diversification in HEIs. This study aims to provide in-depth insights into implementing the knowledge economy strategy in Oman's higher education system and uses a case study methodology, draws on thematic analysis, and adopts an interpretive perspective employing semi-structured interviews conducted with the dean, assistant deans, and heads of academic departments. The study manifests a common sense among the academic leaders that espousing the policy of the KE in HE is agreed upon. This approbation of KE is ascribed to the discrepancy between developed and developing countries concerning the reality of the higher education systems and the embedded influence of neoliberalism. The study identifies the four fundamental pillars of KE in HE, whereby the study could interpret the existing educational leadership style undertaken and speculate on its future directions. The research indicates three obstacles facing educational leadership; challenges of practicing leadership, lack sustainable system (within the college), and external factors (beyond the college). It also unveils two significant benefits: preparing students for employment in the private sector will reduce the burden on the government to provide careers. Second, the potential reciprocal gains that are pursued in industry and HEIs through funding research, reviewing curriculum and learning outcomes together, and offering a hands-on approach to tackle challenges confronting the national labor market.
Effect of Pharmacist-Led Interventions on Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Study from the Chinese Population

Purpose Medication adherence plays an important role in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self-management. To analyze the factors influencing medication adherence in T2DM patients and the effect of pharmacist-led interventions, we conducted a study in Beijing, China. Patients and Methods T2DM patients with hypoglycemic drugs for at least 6 months were enrolled. A pharmacist-led survey was conducted followed by individualized interventions for those non-adherent patients monthly within 3 months. FPG, HbA1c, and 2hPG were measured as the comprehensive glycemic control. Medication adherence was determined according to the patient’s self-reported compliance with prescribed medication during the last 3 months. Results A total of 763 T2DM patients were included. The average age was 63.26±11.89 years, with 363 males. After pharmacist intervention, the patients with good adherence increased from 34.21% to 39.06%, while poor adherence decreased from 32.5% to 24.5% (p < 0.001). The average adherence score was a significant increase (p < 0.001) from 27.846±4.185 to 29.831±7.065. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that pharmacist-led interventions significantly increased glycemic control (FPG from 42.33% to 53.60%, p < 0.001; 2hPG from 41.68% to 48.75%, p = 0.005; HbA1c from 24.12% to 29.23%, p = 0.024). The results found that body mass index (OR 0.643, 95% CI 0.437–0.945), use of medications empirically (occasionally (OR=3.066, 95% CI 2.069–4.543); often (OR=2.984, 95% CI 1.107–8.044)), following the doctor’s advice to visit (OR 2.129, 95% CI 1.079–4.202) and lifestyle compliance (OR 2.835, 95% CI 1.094–7.346) were the independent risk factors of non-adherence (p < 0.05), the area under the ROC curve was 0.716. Conclusion Self-reported medication adherence and glycemic control in T2DM patients were poor which can be improved by pharmacist-led interventions. Interventions should focus on empirical medication behavior, non-adherence to lifestyle, and failure to follow the doctor’s advice. The recall bias with self-reported results needs further objective data to verify.
Activated Mast Cells Combined with NRF2 Predict Prognosis for Esophageal Cancer

Background Esophageal cancer (EC) had the sixth-highest mortality rate of all cancers due to its poor prognosis. Immune cells and mutation genes influenced the prognosis of EC, but their combined effect on predicting EC prognosis was unknown. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the immune cell infiltration (ICI) and mutation genes and their combined effects for predicting prognosis in EC. Methods The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were used to analyse the ICI scape based on the TCGA and GEO databases. EC tissues and pathologic sections from Huai'an, China, were used to verify the key immune cells and mutation genes and their interactions. Results Stromal/immune score patterns and ICI/gene had no statistical significance in overall survival (OS) (p > 0.05). The combination of ICI and tumor mutation burden (TMB) showed that the high TMB and high ICI score group had the shortest OS (p = 0.004). We recognized that the key mutation gene NRF2 was significantly different in the high/low ICI score subgroups (p = 0.002) and positivity with mast cells (MCs) (p < 0.05). Through experimental validation, we found that the MCs and activated mast cells (AC-MCs) were more infiltration in stage II/III (p = 0.032; p = 0.013) of EC patients and that NRF2 expression was upregulated in EC (p = 0.045). AC-MCs combined with NRF2 had a poor prognosis, according to survival analysis (p = 0.056) and interactive analysis (p = 0.032). Conclusions We presume that NRF2 combined with AC-MCs could be a marker to predict prognosis and could influence immunotherapy through regulating PD-L1 in the EC.
The effect of salinity-resistant biofilm-forming Azotobacter spp. on salt tolerance in maize growth

Increasing soil salinity is among the most detrimental threats restricting crop growth and productivity. In recent years, root inoculation with biofilm-forming plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been greatly interested in improving abiotic stress tolerance. This study examined the plant growth-promoting and biofilm-forming potential of Azotobacter spp. obtained from maize rhizosphere, tested the salinity effect (up to 300 mM NaCl) on biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and evaluated their effect on maize growth at different concentrations (0, 50, and 150 mM) of NaCl under greenhouse conditions. The isolates produced different amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA) (from 0.96 to 7.51 µg mL −1 ) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (from 2.10 to 19.50 µmol α-ketobutyrate mg −1 h −1 ). On average, the highest biofilm formation was found in A. chroococcum . Both biofilm formation and EPS production significantly increased ( p < 0.05) at 150 and 300 mM NaCl in A. chroococcum SC8, A. beijerinckii SC10, and A. tropicalis SC4. These strains also significantly increased ( p < 0.05) root depth by 44.1–55.9%, shoot height by 52.3–58.8%, fresh root weight by 42.8–52.4%, and fresh shoot weight by 44.6–53.6% at 150 mM NaCl compared with the uninoculated salinity-stressed (control) treatment. Among plant growth regulators, higher biofilm formation and EPS production under increasing salinity exhibited better maize growth under salinity stress. Therefore, these respective strains might be promising bioinoculants for alleviating salinity stress in field experiments.
An additive theory of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function

The purpose of the present article is to present an dditive theory o the zeros of the Riemann zeta function (s). The details with some more general results will appear elsewhere. We recall first the well-known Riemnn-von Mngoldt formula for the number N(T) of the zeros of (s) in 0Resl, 0ImsT (cL p. 179 and p. 256 of Titchmarsh [8]). 1T log T 1+1g2 T+ 7 (A)" =2 2 + +S(T), whereTT0 and S(T) (1 u) arg ((1/2) +iT) O(log T). Under the Riemann Hypothesis (R.H.), it is well-known that S(T)= O(log T/loglog T). We recall second Landau’s theorem on an arithmetic connection o the zeros with a prime number (cf. Landau [7]).
Some dynamical characteristics and thermal structure of monsoon depressions over the Bay of Bengal

In this paper, some of the dynamical characteristics and the thermal structure of the monsoon depressions formed during July-August 1979 in the Bay of Bengal are presented. The vorticity budget terms are examined for the eastern and western halves of three depressions in a Lagrangian reference frame. Two of the depressions moved westward and one northward. The vorticity divergence term and the horizontal advection term (in the upper troposphere) apparently caused the westward movement, whereas the vertical advection term and tilting term had little influence on the movement. The residual term is predominantly negative in the western half of the monsoon depression where convective activity and rainfall are greater, compared to the eastern half. This corroborates the inference of Sui and Yanai that the appearance of large vorticity budget residuals is associated with intense cumulus convection. The computational study of energetics shows that the zonal available potential energy was the source for eddy available potential energy. This, in turn, was converted into eddy kinetic energy on most of the days during the life cycle of monsoon depressions. Eddy kinetic energy was converted into zonal kinetic energy on many days, thus maintaining the monsoon current. Computations of the momentum transport show that the transport was southward over the region 18°N to 25° N during the strengthening of the depressions and northward during the decaying stage. From analysis of thermal structure, the August depression (6–13 August 1979) had a warm core until two days after it reached peak intensity; subsequently it had a cold core. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1989. tb00380.x
Bayesian sensitivity analyses for hidden sub‐populations in weighted sampling

In this paper, we propose several Bayesian model‐based approaches for sensitivity analyses on assessments of population averages and measures of association under complex models. In particular, the proposed methods adjust for a potential impact from a hidden sub‐population when weighted sampling from the non‐hidden sub‐population is possible. Bayesian models are presented for estimating population medical expenditure and health care utilization, as well as measures of association with a binary covariate. Large‐sample limiting versions of the posteriors are obtained for all the models. Using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data, in which individuals with higher expenditures and more frequent health care visits are more likely to be included, we illustrate how the assumption about the hidden proportion of never‐respondents may impact the final estimates of expenditure, utilization, and measures of association with a binary covariate. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 42: 436–450; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada