Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common Fixed Point Theory in Modified Intuitionistic Probabilistic Metric Spaces with Common Property (E.A.)

In this paper, we define the concepts of modified intuitionistic probabilistic metric spaces, the property (E.A.) and the common property (E.A.) in modified intuitionistic probabilistic metric spaces.Then, by the commonproperty (E.A.), we prove some common fixed point theorems in modified intuitionistic Menger probabilistic metric spaces satisfying an implicit relation.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Ximelagatran

Oral anticoagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin has proven beneﬁts in the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disorders but has important limitations that result in substantial underuse. In particular, the VKAs have variable and unpredictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and a narrow separation between antithrombotic and hemorrhagic effects that necessitates careful dose adjustment based on frequent coagulation monitoring. In contrast, the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran has a predictable and reproducible pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic proﬁle that allows treatment using ﬁxed-dose regimens without coagulation monitoring. The bioavailability of melagatran, the active form of ximelagatran, after oral administration of ximelagatran is (cid:1) 20% with low inter-and intra-individual variability. Peak plasma melagatran concentrations are reached (cid:1) 2 hours after oral dosing of ximelagatran to healthy volunteers, and melagatran is eliminated with a half-life of (cid:1) 3 hours with clearance predominantly by renal excretion. Hence, a higher melagatran exposure is seen in patients with renal failure; ximelagatran is currently not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance of < 30 mL/min) as these patients were not included in the clinical trial program. Exposure to melagatran increases linearly with the ximelagatran dose. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic proﬁle is consistent across a broad range of different patient populations and is unaffected by gender, age, body weight, ethnic origin, obesity, and mild-to-moderate hepatic impairment. Any differences in melagatran pharmacokinetics associated with these factors are attributable to differences in renal function.
Task-space synchronisation of nonlinear teleoperation with time-varying delays and actuator saturation

ABSTRACT In a nonlinear teleoperation system controlled for task-space position tracking, while the time-varying delay in the communication channel has been addressed, the actuator saturation has not been taken into account yet. Considering that in practice, the actuator saturation is a serious constraint, disregarding it in the controller design stage can cause problems. In this paper, we have proposed a control framework to ensure end-effectors position tracking while satisfying sub-task control in the presence of the nonlinear dynamics for the telemanipulators, bounded time-varying delays in the communication channels and saturation in the actuators. We have shown that in free motion and when the operator applies a bounded force to the local robot, the proposed controller not only guarantees the position convergence of the end-effectors but also guarantees the accomplishment of the sub-task control. The efficiency of the proposed control algorithm is validated showing a number of numerical simulations.
Nonlinear Effects of Energetic Particle Driven Instabilities in Tokamaks

In this PhD thesis, the nonlinear effects of energetic particle driven instabilities in tokamak plasmas are investigated. In particular, the collective redistribution of the fast particle ensemble due to different eigenmodes is simulated. The simulation results are compared to recent experimental data at ASDEX Upgrade. Due to the deeper elucidation of conventional transport processes and the finding of a new coupling mechanism, enhanced fast particle losses can be explained.
The Role of Qualitative D-Dimer Assays, Clinical Probability, and Noninvasive Imaging Tests for the Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

Recent advances in the management of patients with suspected venous thromboembolism have both improved diagnostic accuracy as well as made management algorithms safer and more accessible. It is now clear that determination of clinical probability prior to diagnostic testing will improve patient management. D-dimer testing can be employed to decrease the need for imaging tests. Patients at low risk with a negative qualitative D-dimer can avoid imaging tests. Imaging test interpretation beneﬁts from consideration of pretest probability also as this helps clinicians determine when a test may be falsely negative or falsely positive. Diagnostic strategies should include pretest clinical probability, D-dimer assays, and noninvasive imaging tests.
Calculation and validation of stirring resistance in cam-shaft rotation using the moving particle semi-implicit method

The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method has been used in a wide range of industrial fields with the free surface. Many machines use oil for lubrication as well as cooling. In this study, stirred fluid flow of various oil types with rotating cam-shafts was calculated by using the MPS method. Moreover, experiments were conducted in order to validate the calculation results by comparing the torque values. When the oil viscosity is 30 cs or lower than 30 cs, the calculated torques agree well with those of the experiment. When the oil viscosity is larger than 30 cs, the calculated torques are lower than those of the experiment. This is due to the involvement of small air bubbles. The air bubbles are retained for a long time when the oil viscosity is high, which increases the oil surface and eventually causes a higher torque. This phenomenon is not calculated because the air bubbles are not modeled in this study. In the case when the oil viscosity is 30 cs, the calculation results of the torque values were in good agreement with those of the experimental results. The calculation results show convergence with respect to the particle size.
Convective Boundary Layer Depth Estimation from S-Band Dual-Polarization Radar

This study investigates Bragg scatter signatures in dual-polarization radar observations, which are defined by low differential reflectivity values, as a proxy for convective boundary layer (CBL) depth. Using data from the WSR-88D in Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX), local minima in quasi-vertical profiles of are found to provide a reasonable estimate of CBL depth when compared with depth estimates from upper-air soundings from Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), during 2014. The 243 Bragg scatter and upper-air sounding CBL depth estimates have a correlation of 0.90 and an RMSE of 254 m. Using Bragg scatter as a proxy for CBL depth was expanded to other seasons and locations—performing well in Wilmington, Ohio; Fairbanks, Alaska; Tucson, Arizona; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Albany, New York; Portland, Oregon; and Tampa, Florida—showing its potential usefulness in monitoring CBL depth throughout the year in a variety of geographic locations and meteorological conditions.
Impact of DYNAMO observations on NASA GEOS‐5 reanalyses and the representation of MJO initiation

This study examines the impact of the Dynamics of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) campaign in situ observations on NASA Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS‐5) reanalyses and the improvements gained thereby in the representation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) initiation processes. To this end, we produced a global, high‐resolution (1/4° spatially) reanalysis that assimilates the level‐4, quality‐controlled DYNAMO upper air soundings from about 87 stations in the equatorial Indian Ocean region along with a companion data‐denied control reanalysis. The DYNAMO reanalysis produces a more realistic vertical structure of the temperature and moisture in the central tropical Indian Ocean by correcting the model biases, namely, the cold and dry biases in the lower troposphere and warm bias in the upper troposphere. The reanalysis horizontal winds are substantially improved, in that, the westerly acceleration and vertical shear of the zonal wind are enhanced. The DYNAMO reanalysis shows enhanced low‐level diabatic heating, moisture anomalies and vertical velocity during the MJO initiation. Due to the warmer lower troposphere, the deep convection is invigorated, which is evident in convective cloud fraction. The GEOS‐5 atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) employed in the reanalysis is overall successful in assimilating the additional DYNAMO observations, except for an erroneous model response for medium rain rates, between 700 and 600 hPa, reminiscent of a bias in earlier versions of the AGCM. The moist heating profile shows a sharp decrease there due to the excessive convective rain re‐evaporation, which is partly offset by the temperature increment produced by the analysis.
Decision-Making under Bounded Rationality and Model Uncertainty: an Information-Theoretic Approach

Artificial intelligence research and high computational power have recently led to breakthroughs in solving high-dimensional reinforcement learning and sequential decision-making problems. The foundations of these advances rely on the classical theory of choice under uncertainty, the so-called Subjective Expected Utility (SEU) theory. However, SEU theory assumes two important unrealistic scenarios. First, it disregards computational limitations when making decisions by assuming perfectly rational agents i.e. agents with unlimited computational resources. Importantly, humans and artificial agents are bounded rational, or equivalently, they suffer from precision and computational limitations. Second, SEU theory assumes that the internal models employed for computation can be fully trusted and that they do not suffer from model uncertainty. However, any model of the environment is inherently incorrect and thus it should not be fully trusted. Therefore, humans and artificial agents are indeed subject to model uncertainty. This thesis consists of an experimental and a theoretical part. On the experimental side, I aimed to explain human sensorimotor behavior with information-theoretic models of bounded rationality and model uncertainty. In particular, we designed three experiments where we expose human subjects to decision-making scenarios involving model uncertainty. We discover that human decision-making behavior can be explained by information-theoretic models that manifest as risk-sensitive and ambiguity-sensitive models. On the theoretical part, we developed a novel planning algorithm for sequential decision-making that accounts for both, information-processing constraints and model uncertainty. Finally, we examined and extended bounded rational models of decision-making under precision and time limitations whose we drew analogies with non-equilibrium thermodynamics. This non-equilibrium thermodynamical point of view allowed to connect decision-making with concepts such as dissipation and time-reversibility, and to discover novel relations connecting equilibrium with non-equilibrium decision-making. In conclusion, information-theoretic models of decision-making might be the missing cornerstone towards unifying principles of decision-making able to explain complex behavior beyond classic expected-utility models.
Numerical simulations of an intake-compressor system

Integrated propulsion plays a major role in future civil and military aircraft design. A key component of these systems are highly bent intake geometries. As the flow passes through such ducts, combined total pressure and swirl distortions are generated which have a negative impact on compressor performance, safety margin, and durability. Due to weight and space limitations, a close coupling of intake and compressor is necessary. An experimental test case including a highly bent intake geometry and a state of the art turbofan engine was established and extensive measurement data was acquired. This publication compares results of three different numerical approaches to this test data: Isolated intake simulations, isolated compressor simulations with distorted inflow conditions, and a coupled simulation of intake and three stage compressor. The isolated intake simulation is able to reproduce the static wall pressure field of the intake as well as the occurring flow separation. Towards the interface plane to the compressor however, significant deviations are observed. The upstream effect of the compressor working under the combined pressure swirl distortion is assessed via the second simulation approach. The influence of the swirl and total pressure distortion on the compressor is first simulated separately and then compared to the impact of the combined distortion. The coupled intake-compressor simulation reveals the manipulation of the intake flow field by an upstream static pressure field. In contrast to experiments a slightly unsteady operation point and an asymmetric intake flow field were observed.
Singular perturbations on the infinite time interval

We consider the slow and fast systems that belong to a small neighborhood of an unperturbed problem. We study the general case where the slow equation has a compact positively invariant subset which is asymptotically stable, and meanwhile the fast equation has asymptotically stable equilibria (Tykhonov's theory) or asymptotically stable periodic orbits (Pontryagin-Rodygin's theory). The description of the solutions is by this way given on infinite time interval. We investigate the stability problems derived from this results by introducing the notion of practical asymptotic stability. We show that some particular subsets of the phase space of the singularly perturbed systems behave like asymptotically stable sets. Our results are formulated in classical mathematics. They are proved within Internal Set Theory which is an axiomatic approach to Nonstandard Analysis. RESUME. On considere les systemes lents-rapides appartenant a un petit voisinage d'un probleme non perturbe. On etudie le cas general ou l'equation lente admet un sous-ensemble compact positive- ment invariant qui soit asymptotiquement stable tandis que l'equation rapide a des equilibres asymp- totiquement stables (theorie de Tykhonov) ou des cycles limites stables (theorie de Pontryagin). La description des solutions est de ce fait donnee sur des intervalles de temps infinis. On examine les problemes de stabilite decoulant de ces resultats en introduisant la notion de stabilite pratique. On montre que certains sous-ensembles de l'espace de phases des systemes singulierement perturbes se comportent comme des ensembles asymptotiquement stables. Les resultats sont formules classi- quement mais sont demontres dans le cadre de la theorie IST, une approche axiomatique de l'Analyse Non Standard.
Advanced Gouy phase high harmonics interferometer

We describe an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) interferometric technique that can resolve ∼100 zeptoseconds (10−21 s) delay between high harmonic emissions from two successive sources separated spatially along the laser propagation in a single Gaussian beam focus. Several improvements on our earlier work have been implemented in the advanced interferometer. In this paper, we report on the design, characterization and optimization of the advanced Gouy phase interferometer. Temporal coherence for both atomic argon and molecular hydrogen gases has been observed for several harmonic orders. It has been shown that phase shift of XUV pulses mainly originates from the emission time delay due to the Gouy phase in the laser focus and the observed interference is independent of the generating medium. This interferometer can be a useful tool for measuring the relative phase shift between any two gas species and for studying ultrafast dynamics of their electronic and nuclear motion.
Laboratory-Based Assessment of Plasma Lipids and Lipopoteins for the Classification of Familial Hypercholesterolemic and Hypertriglyceridemic States

Laboratory-based coronary heart disease risk assessment classically involves measurement of lipids and lipoproteins. In this review, information is provided on the methods commonly used in laboratories for the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia, including aspects of precision and accuracy. The latter, when fulﬁlled, allows the use of uniform reference values. Special attention is paid to the risk estimation using apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) measurement. The overall aim of this review is to simplify the laboratory-based risk estimation for coronary heart disease and to provide help in interpreting the results for effective prevention and treatment of this complex disease.
Parametric Decay and the Origin of the Low-frequency Alfvénic Spectrum of the Solar Wind

The fast solar wind shows a wide spectrum of transverse magnetic and velocity field perturbations. These perturbations are strongly correlated in the sense of Alfvén waves propagating mostly outward, from the Sun to the interplanetary medium. They are likely to be fundamental to the acceleration and the heating of the solar wind. However, the precise origin of the broadband spectrum is unknown to date. Typical periods of chromospheric Alfvén waves are limited to a few minutes, and any longer period perturbations should be strongly reflected at the transition region. In this work, we show that minute long Alfvénic fluctuations are unstable to the parametric instability. Parametric instability enables an inverse energy cascade by exciting several-hour-long periods of Alfvénic fluctuations together with strong density fluctuations (typically between 1 and 20 R⊙). These results may improve our understanding of the origin of the solar wind turbulent spectrum and will be tested by the Parker Solar Probe.
Monitoring for changes in the nature of stochastic textured surfaces

Abstract We propose an approach for monitoring general global changes in the nature of stochastic textured surfaces using streams of high-dimensional images or related profile data. Stochastic textured surfaces are fundamentally different than the profiles and images that are the focus of most prior profile monitoring works. We represent normal in-control behavior by using supervised learning algorithms to implicitly characterize the joint distribution of the stochastic textured surface pixels. Based on this characterization, we develop a control chart monitoring statistic using likelihood-ratio principles to quantify and detect changes in the stochastic nature of the surfaces, relative to the in-control surfaces. Unlike methods that look for changes in specific predefined features, our approach can detect very general changes in the nature of the textured surfaces. We demonstrate the implementation and effectiveness of the approach with a real textile example and a simulation example.
Mathematical representation by students in building relational understanding on concepts of area and perimeter of rectangle

Representation is an important aspect of learners in building a relational understanding of mathematical concepts. But the ability of a mathematical representation of students in building relational understanding is still very limited. The purpose of this research is to description of mathematical representation of students who appear in building relational understanding on concept of area and perimeter of a rectangle. This research is a case study. The research instrument is tests and interviews. The participants in this study were Grade seven students. Two students are selected based on the characterization of the mathematical representations that appear. The study results a visual and symbolic representation used by students in building relational understanding on the concept of area and perimeter of a rectangle. Visual and symbolic representation suggests students to build relational understanding. Key words: Representation, relational understanding.
Neural & Predictive Effects of Verb Argument Structure

This project seeks to consider new ways in which neuroscience and language can inform each other. This project uses language as a recognized high-order cognitive function that can be manipulated to test neuronal mechanisms. The hypothesis here is that the predictive ability of online language processing is sensitive to the syntactic requirements of verbs. For example, things that modify the meaning of a verb phrase but are not a required a syntactic component required by the verb, such as adverbs, are impossible to predict by listeners, since there are no linguistic ques that necessitate their appearance. The idea then is that they must rely on more self-driven processing because of this lack of external ques that can strictly dictate their purpose. If they are more internally driven in processing then they should also be more susceptible to the effects the spontaneous brain activity.
Transfer Between Invariant Manifolds: From Impulse Transfer to Low-Thrust Transfer

In this work, a new robust and fast method is developed to perform transfers that minimize fuel consumption between two invariant manifolds of periodic orbits in the circular restricted three-body problem. The method starts with an impulse transfer between two invariant manifolds to build an optimal control problem. This allows to choose an adequate fixed transfer time. Using the Pontryagin maximum principle, the resolution of the problem is formulated as that of finding the zero of a shooting function (indirect method). The algorithm couples different kinds of continuations (on cost, final state, and thrust) to improve robustness and to initialize the solver. The efficiency of the method is illustrated with numerical examples. Finally, the influence of the transfer time is studied numerically thanks to a continuation on this parameter, and it checks that, when transfer duration goes to zero, the control converges to the impulse transfer that it started with. It shows the robustness of the method and establishes a mathematical link between the two problems. Read More: https://arc.aiaa. org/doi/10.2514/1.G002922
The Acceleration Process of a Solar Quiescent Filament in the Inner Corona

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are frequently associated with filament eruptions. Theoretical studies propose that both magnetic reconnection and ideal magnetohydrodynamic instability of magnetic flux ropes can convert coronal magnetic energy into the filament/CME kinetic energy. Numerical simulations and analytical considerations demonstrate that both mechanisms can have significant contributions to the filament/CME acceleration. Many observational studies support that reconnection plays an important role during the acceleration, while it remains open how to resolve observationally the contribution of the ideal instability to the acceleration. On the other hand, it is difficult to separate and compare their contributions through observations as both mechanisms often work in a close time sequence. In this Letter, the above issues are addressed by analyzing the eruption process of a quiescent filament. The filament started to rise from ∼00:00 UT on 2011 December 25, 20 minutes earlier than the starting time of the flare impulsive phase (∼00:20 UT), and reached the maximum velocity at the flare peak time (∼00:50 UT). We divide the acceleration process into two stages, corresponding to the pre-flare and flare impulsive phases, respectively. The analysis indicates that an ideal flux-rope instability is dominant in the first stage, while reconnection below the flux rope becomes important during the second stage, and both mechanisms may have comparable contributions to the net acceleration of the filament.