Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Soft Luliconazole Invasomes Gel for Effective Transdermal Delivery: Optimization to In-Vivo Antifungal Activity

Luliconazole (LZ) is a good candidate for the treatment of fungal infection topically but has limitations, i.e., poor solubility and poor permeability to skin. Due to these limitations, multiple administrations for a long time are required to treat the inflection. The aim of the present study was to develop the invasomes (IVS) gel of LZ to improve the topical antifungal activity. The IVS was prepared by the thin-film hydration method and optimized by Box-Bhekhen design software. The optimized LZIVS (LZIVSopt) has 139.1 ± 4.32 nm of vesicle size, 88.21 ± 0.82% of entrapment efficiency, 0.301 ± 0.012 of PDI, and 19.5 mV (negative) of zeta potential. Scanning microscopy showed a spherical shape of the vesicle. FTIR spectra showed there is no interaction between the drug and lipid. Thermogram showed that the LZ is encapsulated into the LZIVS matrix. LZIVSopt gel (LZIVSopt-G3) exhibited optimum viscosity (6493 ± 27 cps) and significant spreadability (7.2 g·cm/s). LZIVSopt-G3 showed 2.47-fold higher permeation than pure LZ-gel. LZIVSopt-G3 did not show any edema or swelling in the skin, revealing that the developed formulation is non-irritant. LZIVSopt-G3 exhibited significant inhibition of the fungus infection (C. albicans) in the infected rats. The finding concluded that IVS gel is a good carrier and an attractive approach for the enhancement of topical delivery of LZ to treat the fungal infection.
The effects of breast milk odor on the physiological and behavioral responses caused by venipuncture pain in term infants: A clinical trial study

BACKGROUND: Pain management is very important for infants who are unable to express it verbally. Pain control is one of the nursing actions and part of their duties. This study attempted to determine the effects of breast milk odor on the physiological and behavioral responses caused by venipuncture pain in full-term infants at an educational hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 3–5 days’ term and healthy babies with a gestational age of 34 weeks and later in the 9-Day Hospital of Torbet Heydariyeh, Iran, 2021. The sample size, taking into account the possibility of a 10% dropout of samples included 20 babies for each group and a total of 40 babies were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data, a checklist of demographic characteristics, a registration form for physiological responses, and the modified behavioral pain scale were used. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that breast milk odor has a positive effect on behavioral responses (P < 0.001) and also a significant relationship was observed between the effects of breast milk odor and physiological responses percentage of oxygen uptake and pulse (P < 0.001). However, no significant relationship was observed between breast milk odor and breathing variables (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, olfactory stimulation with breast milk during venous blood sampling showed positive effects on physiological responses and pain reduction in infants. Therefore, it is recommended to use soothing stimuli such as the smell of breast milk during painful procedures in babies.
Adaptation to climate change and economic growth in developing countries !

The global climate is changing, and will continue to do so even if greenhouse gas emissions are dramatically curbed. Economies are therefore faced with the challenge of adapting to climate change. This challenge is particularly important in developing countries, which, due to a combination of unfortunate geography and high sensitivity, are most vulnerable to climate change. From a macro-economic point of view, there remains much to learn about the characteristics of optimal adaptation. In particular, it is unclear whether the best way to adapt to climate change is simply to focus on traditional growth and development goals, or to divert significant investment into ‘climate-proofing’ productive capital. In this paper we conduct analytical and numerical modeling to gain new insights into this question. Our analytical model shows that the task of apportioning investment between productive capital and adaptation to climate change is a subtle one. While it is very unlikely that the optimal strategy involves no investment in adaptation, the scale and composition of productive and adaptive capital investments depend on empirical context. Our numerical application to Sub-Saharan Africa suggests, however, that in most contingencies it will be optimal to invest rapidly in adaptive capital over the coming decades. Our sensitivity analysis goes well beyond the existing literature in evaluating the robustness of this finding.
Search for heavy charged long-lived particles in proton – proton collisions at s = 13 TeVvusing an ionisation measurement with the ATLAS detector

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Sonic Hawking Radiation from a blackhole laser

SONIC HAWKING RADIATION FROM A BLACKHOLE LASER Ahmed Refat Mohamed Mohamed Ouf M.Sc. in Physics Advisor: Mehmet Ozgur Oktel June 2018 The quantum thermal radiation from a black hole (BH) known as “Hawking Radiation” or “Black Hole Evaporation” results from studying quantum fields in the curved space-time of the horizon of a BH. Experimentally, the radiation is difficult if not impossible to be detected from a real black hole with a mass much higher than that of our sun, since the Radiation temperature is substantially below that of microwave background radiation. However, in 1981 Unruh showed an analogy between the propagation of sound waves in any convergent fluid flow and that of the quantum field in a gravitational field. He showed that if the background fluid is accelerated to higher than the speed of sound then it can develop a horizon (point of no return) for the sound waves. This is the so-called the sonic BH. This horizon will emit thermal radiation in terms of sound wave quanta (phonons) in an analogy to the thermal radiation of black holes (Analogue Hawking Radiation) (AHR). Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs) can be used as a background fluid developing a sonic horizon for the phonon modes propagating through its background due to the very low temperature of the BEC. Recently in 2014, Steinhauer has reported the observation of self-Amplifying Hawking radiation from the realization of an accelerated BEC. The experiment reported an exponentially growing signal of modes trapped between a BH and white hole (WH) horizon, where the white hole is the point where sound cannot enter. Experimental signatures of AHR are a growing oscillating perturbation of the condensate mean density and a characteristic pattern in density-density correlation functions. However, the former mentioned oscillations may result from the dynamical instabilities of the classical mean field density.
Shortest Interpolating Curves with Constrained Curvature

A realistic generalization of the Markov-Dubins problem, which is concerned with finding the shortest planar curve of constrained curvature joining two points with prescribed tangents, is the requirement that the curve passes through a number of prescribed intermediate points/nodes. We refer to this generalization as the Markov-Dubins interpolation problem. We formulate this interpolation problem as an optimal control problem and obtain results about the structure of its solution using optimal control theory. The Markov-Dubins interpolants consist of a concatenation of circular and straight-line segments. Abnormal interpolating curves are shown to exist and characterized; however, if the interpolating curve contains a straight-line segment then it cannot be abnormal. We derive results about the stationarity, or criticality, of the feasible solutions of certain structure. We propose a numerical method for computing Markov-Dubins interpolating paths. We illustrate the theory and the numerical approach by four qualitatively different examples.
Are Saudi Healthcare Workers Willing to Receive the Monkeypox Virus Vaccine? Evidence from a Descriptive-Baseline Survey

Since Saudi Arabia has already confirmed multiple monkeypox (Mpox) cases, it is essential to initiate timely preventive measures, including the implementation of vaccines. In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia to understand their willingness to receive the Mpox vaccine. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the data. The study comprised 734 samples. Our study found that among study participants, 52.7% were willing to receive the Mpox vaccine and showed that sociodemographic factors were not significantly associated with vaccine willingness. Previous vaccination history (such as influenza and COVID-19) was significantly associated with Mpox vaccine willingness. The respondents reported that the main reasons for receiving the Mpox vaccine were their trust in the Saudi Health Ministry (57.7%) and their understanding that the vaccine was a social responsibility (44.6%). Furthermore, the majority of the respondents (74.7%) reported that they were motivated by the need to protect themselves, their family and their friends. Insufficient vaccine information and fear of unknown adverse reactions were the most reported reasons for an unwillingness to receive the Mpox vaccine. In conclusion, increasing Mpox vaccine-related awareness and focusing on greater information dissemination to reduce fear and increase vaccine uptake is highly recommended.
Online Continual Learning in Acoustic Scene Classification: An Empirical Study

Numerous deep learning methods for acoustic scene classification (ASC) have been proposed to improve the classification accuracy of sound events. However, only a few studies have focused on continual learning (CL) wherein a model continually learns to solve issues with task changes. Therefore, in this study, we systematically analyzed the performance of ten recent CL methods to provide guidelines regarding their performances. The CL methods included two regularization-based methods and eight replay-based methods. First, we defined realistic and difficult scenarios such as online class-incremental (OCI) and online domain-incremental (ODI) cases for three public sound datasets. Then, we systematically analyzed the performance of each CL method in terms of average accuracy, average forgetting, and training time. In OCI scenarios, iCaRL and SCR showed the best performance for small buffer sizes, and GDumb showed the best performance for large buffer sizes. In ODI scenarios, SCR adopting supervised contrastive learning consistently outperformed the other methods, regardless of the memory buffer size. Most replay-based methods have an almost constant training time, regardless of the memory buffer size, and their performance increases with an increase in the memory buffer size. Based on these results, we must first consider GDumb/SCR for the continual learning methods for ASC.
Sub‐Grid Representation of Vegetation Cover in Land Surface Schemes Improves the Modeling of How Climate Responds to Deforestation

Understanding the regional climate response to land cover change requires a realistic sub‐grid representation of vegetation cover in the land surface scheme (LSS) of climate models. The Community Land Model (CLM) is considered one of the most advanced LSSs; however, when coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the tiling vegetation cover approach was deactivated. Here, we reactivated the theoretical sub‐grid vegetation cover representation in WRF‐CLM and applied it to assess the impacts of deforestation on regional climate in the Southeast Asian Massif region. We found that CLM‐tiling performs more accurate simulations of surface air temperature and precipitation compared to other LSSs using the in situ observations. Importantly, CLM‐tiling successfully captures the theoretical sensitivity of evapotranspiration (ET) and temperature to sub‐grid deforestation, aligning with Noah‐mosaic, and it substantially improves the spatial pattern responses of simulated ET and temperature to regional deforestation.
Effects of Context-Based Instructional Approaches on Students’ Problem-Solving Skills in Rotational Motion

This study investigated the effect of context-based instructional approaches on students’ problem-solving skills using quasi-experimental design. A total of 166 eleventh grade students participated in the study. Data were collected using problem-solving skill test. A REACT (Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating and Transferring) strategy of context-based instruction and traditional instruction integrated with the REACT strategy of context-based instruction were used to teach treatment group I and treatment group II students, respectively while the traditional method was used in the comparison group. The result shows the existence of mean differences between the groups in favor of the treatment groups. But this difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, the traditional problem-solving strategies did not have a significant impact on students’ problems solving skills although active learning strategies were used. Hence, we suggest the concomitant use of active learning method(s) and more recent problem-solving strategies. On the other hand, the gender gap was not that much significant in the treatment groups and hence, the approaches can work for both genders.
Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Cancer Patients: An Insight From a Single Institute

Objective This cross-sectional, observational study aimed at finding the prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients and the correlation of anxiety and depression with various factors, such as age, sex, marital status, educational status, occupation, financial support, duration, type of care, sort of carcinoma, and stages of malignancy, among cancer patients attending the G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India from July 2022 to December 2022, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Methods A total of 162 cancer patients referred for various cancer therapies (chemo/surgery/combination therapies) were included. All patients were administered the HADS. The association between anxiety scores and various factors such as age, site, and sex was found using the chi-square test. Results Thirty-nine (24.1%) patients had severe anxiety, 60 (37%) patients had borderline anxiety, and 63 (38.9%) patients were found to be normal. Fifty-three (32.7%) patients had severe depression, 47 (29%) patients had borderline depression, and 62 (38.3%) patients were found to be normal. The findings of this study indicate that educational status and occupational status are the significant factors (p < 0.05) responsible for increasing the risk of prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients. Another interesting observation in this study was that patients with breast and gastrointestinal cancer had the highest prevalence of depression among other cancer types. Conclusions The present study contributed to the prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients in Tamil Nadu, India. While the study population is small, which is a limitation of the present study, it has provided an overview that educational status and occupation contribute significantly to anxiety and depression, which has not been explored much in the past. To efficiently manage this, patients should be made aware of the financial support available from various philanthropic groups, government policies, and insurance so that they can improve their quality of life and manage their clinical condition in a more confident manner. These findings call for the need for early psychiatric interventions in cancer care to improve the quality of life of patients by focusing on improving patients' mental stability and adherence to the medications for providing positive outcomes from the cancer treatments.
Eosinophilic esophagitis and esophageal microbiota

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an antigen-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus, the prevalence of which has steadily increased in recent years. The pathogenesis of EoE is not yet well-defined; however, recent studies have demonstrated that the esophageal microbiota is an essential regulator of physiological and pathological processes of EoE. Currently, research on EoE and microbiota is an emerging field of study that is receiving increasing attention. Here, we review existing EoE-related esophageal microbiota studies to explore the potential mechanisms underlying esophageal microbiota-mediated EoE. The esophageal microbiome is altered in patients with EoE. Although α diversity is usually not significantly different, an increase in Haemophilus and a decrease in Firmicutes were observed in EoE patients. The role of microbiota in initiating and perpetuating inflammation is not fully understood. Current evidence suggests that the penetration of microbiota leads to the activation of epithelial cells as well as innate and adaptive immune cells, with the subsequent release of cytokines, leading to immune responses and inflammation. The involvement of toll-like receptors in EoE also supports the potential role of the microbiota in the progression of this disease. While EoE-induced inflammation can also lead to alterations in the local microbiome. Moreover, dietary modifications, proton pump inhibitors, and corticosteroids can modulate the esophageal microbiota; however, definitive conclusions about the alterations of microbes after treatment cannot be drawn. These findings provide promising avenues for future studies.
F ¨ Ur Mathematik in Den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig Deficits in Long-term Recognition Memory Reveal Dissociated Subtypes in Congenital Prosopagnosia Deficits in Long-term Recognition Memory Reveal Dissociated Subtypes in Congenital Prosopagnosia

The study investigates long-term recognition memory in congenital prosopagnosia (CP), a lifelong impairment in face identification that is present from birth. Previous investigations of processing deficits in CP have mostly relied on short-term recognition tests to estimate the scope and severity of individual deficits. We firstly report on a controlled test of long-term (one year) recognition memory for faces and objects conducted with a large group of participants with CP. Long-term recognition memory is significantly impaired in eight CP participants (CPs). In all but one case, this deficit was selective to faces and didn't extend to intra-class recognition of object stimuli. In a test of famous face recognition, long-term recognition deficits were less pronounced, even after accounting for differences in media consumption between controls and CPs. Secondly, we combined test results on long-term and short-term recognition of faces and objects, and found a large heterogeneity in severity and scope of individual deficits. Analysis of the observed heterogeneity revealed a dissociation of CP into subtypes with a homogeneous phenotypical profile. Thirdly, we found that among CPs self-assessment of real-life difficulties, based on a standardized questionnaire, and experimentally assessed face recognition deficits are strongly correlated. Our results demonstrate that controlled tests of long-term recognition memory are needed to fully assess face recognition deficits in CP. Based on controlled and comprehensive experimental testing, CP can be dissociated into subtypes with a homogeneous phenotypical profile. The CP subtypes identified align with those found in prosopagnosia caused by cortical lesions; they can be interpreted with respect to a hierarchical neural system for face perception. Copyright: ß 2011 Stollhoff et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
F ¨ Ur Mathematik in Den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig Power Series Kernels Power Series Kernels

We introduce a class of analytic positive definite multivariate kernels which includes infinite dot product kernels as sometimes used in machine learning, certain new nonlinearly factorizable kernels and a kernel which is closely related to the Gaussian. Each such kernel reproduces in a certain 'native' Hilbert space of multivariate analytic functions. If functions from this space are interpolated in scattered locations by translates of the kernel, we prove spectral convergence rates of the interpolants and all derivatives. By truncation of the power series of the kernel-based interpolants, we constructively generalize the classical Bernstein theorem concerning polynomial approximation of analytic functions to the multi-variate case. An application to machine learning algorithms is presented.
Emotional face recognition deficit in amnestic patients with mild cognitive impairment: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence

: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been conceptualized as a transitional stage between healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, understanding emotional face recognition deficit in patients with amnestic MCI could be useful in determining progression of amnestic MCI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of emotional face processing in amnestic MCI by using event-related potentials (ERPs). Patients with amnestic MCI and healthy controls performed a face recognition task, giving old/new responses to previously studied and novel faces with different emotional messages as the stimulus material. Using the learning-recognition paradigm, the experiments were divided into two steps, ie, a learning phase and a test phase. ERPs were analyzed on electroencephalographic recordings. The behavior data indicated high emotion classification accuracy for patients with amnestic MCI and for healthy controls. The mean percentage of correct classifications was 81.19% for patients with amnestic MCI and 96.46% for controls. Our ERP data suggest that patients with amnestic MCI were still be able to undertake personalizing processing for negative faces, but not for neutral or positive faces, in the early frontal processing stage. In the early time window, no differences in frontal old/new effect were found between patients with amnestic MCI and normal controls. However, in the late time window, the three types of stimuli did not elicit any old/new parietal effects in patients with amnestic MCI, suggesting their recollection was impaired. This impairment may be closely associated with amnestic MCI disease. We conclude from our data that face recognition processing and emotional memory is impaired in patients with amnestic MCI. Such damage mainly occurred in the early coding stages. In addition, we found that patients with amnestic MCI had difficulty in post-processing of positive and neutral facial emotions.