Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expert Opinions on Web-Based Peer Education Interventions for Youth Sexual Health Promotion: Qualitative Study

Background Participatory education, in the form of peer education, may be an effective way to promote youth sexual health. With the advent of the internet, web-based interventions have potential as an attractive new tool for sexual health promotion by peers. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate professional experts’ opinions on the perspectives for web-based participatory interventions to promote sexual health by peers and among young people. Methods Semistructured interviews were carried out with 20 experts (stakeholders in direct contact with young people, researchers, and institutional actors) specializing in sexual health, health promotion, peer education, youth, internet, and social media. After coding with N’Vivo, data were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. Results The majority of experts (18/20, 90%) found this kind of intervention to be attractive, but highlighted the necessary conditions, risks, and limitations attached to developing an acceptable peer intervention on the internet for sexual health promotion among young people. Five main themes were identified: (1) an internet intervention; (2) sexual health; (3) internet skills, and uses and the need for moderation; (4) multifaceted peers; and (5) minority peers. In the absence of youth interest for institutional messages, the experts highlighted the attractive participatory features of web-based interventions and the need for geolocalized resources. However, they also warned of the limitations associated with the possibility of integrating peers into education: peers should not be mere messengers, and should remain peers so as not to be outsiders to the target group. Experts highlighted concrete proposals to design an online participatory peer intervention, including the process of peer implication, online features in the intervention, and key points for conception and evaluation. Conclusions The experts agreed that web-based participatory interventions for youth sexual health promotion must be tailored to needs, uses, and preferences. This type of action requires youth involvement framed in an inclusive and holistic sexual health approach. Peer education can be implemented via the internet, but the design of the intervention also requires not being overly institutional in nature. Involving young people in their own education in an interactive, safe online space has the potential to develop their empowerment and to foster long-term positive behaviors, especially in the area of sexual health.
A simple egg marking method for polygynous fishes

Fitness is the ultimate measure of organismal function; however, technical challenges can limit researchers’ ability to quantify fitness. We developed a simple and inexpensive method of marking eggs inside of the ovary of a nesting fish, the bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli), in order to quantify female reproductive success. Multiple females in a harem of L. dalli can lay eggs inside of the male’s nest within a short period of time, making the timing of egg laying or developmental stage of the eggs insufficient to identify which female laid which clutch of eggs. After injecting small volumes of food coloring into the ovaries, each female’s eggs can be identified throughout development by the color of the yolk. We make preliminary observations about the efficacy of different colors (red, yellow, green, blue) for use in L. dalli, including effects on female survival, social behavior, and the enzyme immunoassays used to quantify hormones. While rigorous validations should be conducted for each species and experimental context, this method of marking eggs has the potential to be broadly useful for directly estimating fitness in species with external fertilization, as well as research in reproductive biology, development, behavioral ecology, and evolution.
COPT: Coordinated Optimal Transport for Graph Sketching

We introduce COPT, a novel distance metric between graphs defined via an optimization routine, computing a coordinated pair of optimal transport maps simultaneously. This gives an unsupervised way to learn general-purpose graph representation, applicable to both graph sketching and graph comparison. COPT involves simultaneously optimizing dual transport plans, one between the vertices of two graphs, and another between graph signal probability distributions. We show theoretically that our method preserves important global structural information on graphs, in particular spectral information, and analyze connections to existing studies. Empirically, COPT outperforms state of the art methods in graph classification on both synthetic and real datasets.
The Effect of Particulate Matter on Visibility in Hangzhou, China

Hangzhou, a humid subtropical city of China, was studied to investigate the effect of particulate matters (PMs) and its fractions (e.g., PM2.5 and PM2.5~10) and levels of relative humidity (10 to >90%) on atmospheric visibility. It was found that finer fractions of PM have greater negative effect on visibility. This inverse relationship was pronounced during winter season, having the highest PM2.5 concentrations and the lowest visual range. Summer season exhibited the highest visual range and least PM2.5fractions, along with autumn. Furthermore, lower relative humidity coincides with higher visual range regardless of the PM fractions. As the levels of relative humidity went up (>90%), lower values of visual range were measured. The results from this study suggest that lower target levels of PM2.5 is needed for Hangzhou in order to prevent episodes of poor visibility.
Physical Qualities and Elements of Streets in the Context of Royal Town in Malaysia

Streets are the basic elements in the urban structure and it characterized the townscape and image of the town. The street provides a link between buildings, both within the street, and in the town at large. Streets and buildings must be appropriate to, and unique to, the particular town in which they are located. This article is based on the findings of a doctoral research examining characteristics of street from the aspect of building appearance in the royal town of Kuala Kangsar. Mixed methodology approached are adopted using the triangulation design through the combination of quantitative data with qualitative data to further analyze the relations between them and subsequently validated by focus group discussions. The study found that building is a key component that forms the character of a street and it is contributed by physical qualities such as attractiveness,visibility and human scale. These physical qualities are contributed by physical elements namely building design, building skyline, building continuity and consistency, vertical elements, appearance of civic building, marker sequences, building scale and enclosure. While each of these elements are influenced by factors such as building location,building function, building age, building height and size, building form, building openings, roof form, architectural style, facade treatment and decorations, building signage, street width, five-foot walkway and quality of view. The paper concludes by establishing that street characteristics has a significant contribution in preserving the identity of the royal town therefore it should be consideredfor the improvement and refinement of existing guidelines regarding the physical design of streets in the royal towns of Malaysia.
Managing reputation on TripAdvisor – a case study of Cracow’s hotel market

The aim of the study described in this article was to establish if there are any patterns in the way different Cracow hotels manage their online reputation by responding to online user reviews. Reputation was analysed by means of quantitative variables representing some dimensions of reputation. Characteristics of selected hotels were investigated to show how they influence the way in which hotels respond to online reviews posted by hotel guests. 1327 replies to over 4000 reviews were collected by a web scraping tool called ParseHub. The significance of differences among group means in a sample was checked by one-way ANOVA analysis of variance and HSD Tukey test. It was found that three independent variables having a social media profile, being part of a hotel chain and the TripAdvisor user rating were factors that significantly differentiated hotels’ response to online reviews. Some differences to findings of previous studies were also identified, primarily in terms of the effect of star ratings and the number of rooms. It was concluded that Cracow’s hotels are better at managing their online reputation than hotels operating in other local markets and that visibility was the dimension of reputation that received the most attention.
Importance of antibiotic residues in food stuffs of avian origin marketed in souk Ahras (Algerian republic)

Currently in Algeria, the use of antibiotics is frequent in poultry farming. Failure to comply with the withdrawal period, the use of these molecules as growth promoters as a preventive measure and misuse without precise diagnosis results in the presence of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken. In order to preserve food safety, a study was conducted on the possible presence of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat in the willaya of Souk Ahras. A survey among private veterinarians of the Wilaya thus a total of 15 samples was analyzed using a quantitative spectrometric method to detect residues of antimicrobial substances. From this 100% analysis, the results of this study are a wake-up call, especially when we know the harmful effects of the presence of antibiotic residues on consumer health, particularly the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the one hand, and other allergic and carcinogenic risks on the other. This is why measures must be taken at several levels by those involved in the sector (public authorities, veterinary surgeons, technicians and farmers) to guarantee the safety of foodstuffs of avian origin.
In vitro antioxidant activity, macronutrients and heavy metals analysis of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves grown at different levels of cattle manure amended soil in Jordan valley

A field experiment was conducted at the National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension in the Jordan Valley, during summer 2015 to evaluate the effect of cattle manure on antioxidant activity of maize leaves. The study also measured the effect of cattle manure on the bioavailability of heavy metals in maize leaves at harvest. Six treatments were compared, no cattle manure (T1, control), and 4 tons ha (T2), 8 tons ha (T3), 12 tons ha (T4), 16 tons ha (T5), and 20 tons ha (T6) cattle manure. ANOVA followed by LSD test were used to compare the treatments at the 5% significance level. Antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS were measured for the six leaves extracts representing six treatments of organic manure. A wet digestion method was used to extract the heavy metals from the dry leaf powder samples using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity for leaves increased significantly with increasing cattle manure amount applied to soil according to DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The highest antioxidant activity was reached at the highest amount of cattle manure while the control had the lowest. Concentrations of Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr and Fe contents in maize leaves of plants grown in soil amended with cattle manure were higher compared to plants grown in no-amended soil. Cattle manure amended soil increased Ca, K and P concentrations in the seeds and leaves of maize. The cattle manure was able to encourage a raise on mineral buildup in aerial parts of tested plants.
Suspended carbon nanotube beams fabricated by a low temperature surface micromachined process for humidity and gas sensing

The world we live in today is connected in more ways than we can imagine. Smart devices and networks form the core of our everyday lives. The advent of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0, which are terms defined to make the world around us more connected via the internet at a domestic and industrial setting respectively, necessitates various kinds of sensors working in conjunction with each other. Keeping this in mind, this thesis explores the application of Suspended Single walled Carbon Nanotubes for Gas Sensing. Gas Sensors are used in a variety of environments such as hospitals, space shuttles and domestic kitchens to detect and prevent the leakage of hazardous gases. A variety of materials such as Polymers, ceramics and metal oxides and detection mechanisms have been used to identify various gases. More recently, Carbon nanotubes have garnered considerable attention for gas sensing applications due to their excellent electrical properties and ease of surface modification. With advancements in production techniques, the cost of Carbon Nanotube production has reduced significantly which has enabled the development of Carbon Nanotube based gas sensors. Although multiple Carbon Nanotube based gas sensors have been studied in the past, the overall device structure remains broadly similar. Additionally, these devices offer suffer from large hysteretic effects, often because of the effect of the substrate on the overall sensing mechanism, which can lead to unreliable measurement outputs. This work aims to solve the issue of hysteresis by using suspended Carbon Nanotubes and thereby isolating the sensing element from the effects of the substrate. To do this, first, a low temperature surface micromachining process is developed to obtain suspended devices. Once the process is well developed, the suspended device is used to detect humidity. The performance of the suspended device is compared to a non-suspended device to demonstrate the advantages of suspended Carbon nanotubes. Next, the performance metrics of the suspended sensor are improved by chemically functionalizing the nanotubes to make them more sensitive to water vapor. The nanotubes are obtained commercially, pre-functionalized, and used in the fabrication process. A comparative study between suspended and non-suspended functionalized nanotube-based sensors is also done. Lastly, the device design has been modified to fabricate an ionization gas sensor based on horizontally aligned suspended carbon nanotubes. The ionization potential of various gases is identified and other parameters such as the repeatability, long term stability, etc. have been studied.
Breakthrough in the assessment of cerebral perfusion and vascular permeability after brain trauma through the adoption of dynamic indocyanine green-enhanced near-infrared spectroscopy.

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020;10(11):2081-2084 | http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/qims-20-905 The multifaceted pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) varies across the hyper-acute, acute, subacute and chronic phases (1-3): differences obviously exist depending on the mechanisms and severity of the TBI, as well as the type of post-traumatic injuries (open versus closed TBI, concussive versus non-concussive, characterised by the presence of focal or diffuse intracranial injuries). TBI induces endothelial cell impairment of the bloodbrain barrier (BBB), but also mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of cerebral autoregulation, cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral vasoconstriction (4-8). Over the years, multimodality monitoring has been proposed to assess the pervasive changes unfolding after TBI (9,10); the study from Forcione et al. (11) expands on this area of research by exploring the application of commercially available optical devices to perform contrast-enhanced near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis in acute, adult patients sustaining moderate and severe TBI. One of the aims of their investigation is to detect differences between patients with TBI and those with extracranial trauma (nonTBI), and this would certainly be useful to answering some of the greatest clinical challenges in the management of polytraumas in general, and brain trauma care in particular (12). Previous studies attempted to assess the cerebral perfusion and vascular permeability after brain trauma by monitoring the kinetics of a contrast dye, indocyanine green (ICG), with NIRS device (13-19). However, Forcione et al. (11) are the first group to provide experimental evidence supporting the belief that the assessment of the ICG kinetic by contrast-enhanced NIRS could effectively help clinicians choosing the most suitable treatment for each patient, based on their levels of cerebral perfusion and BBB integrity. This pilot study explored the possibility of retrieving distinct elements from the optical signal from the ICG kinetic between TBI and non-TBI patients, which can then be linked to differences in cerebral perfusion and BBB integrity. Future clinical trials with bigger sample sizes could explore the parameters suggested herein as markers for assessment of TBI patients. The authors have also the merit to describe well the current challenges and limitations in the acquisition and analysis of optical data with regards to trauma patients. Editorial
Healthy lifestyle and life expectancy free of chronic diseases

The average life expectancy in the world has increased substantially in the past few decades. Modifiable lifestyle factors including smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, body weight, and diet quality affect both total life expectancy and incidence of chronic diseases. Few studies have comprehensively examined how a combination of multiple lifestyle factors may relate to life expectancy free from major diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A Harvard team examined the effect of healthy lifestyle factors on life expectancy free of chronic diseases, using data from up to 34 years of follow-up in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1980-2014; n=73 196) and 28 years of follow-up in the Health Professions Follow-up Study (HPFS)(1986-2014;n=38 366). A healthy lifestyle score based on information on five lifestyle factors—diet, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI) was derived. Five low-risk lifestyle factors included: never smoking, body mass index 18.5-24.9, moderate to vigorous physical activity (≥30 minutes/day), moderate alcohol intake (women: 5-15 g/day; men 5-30 g/day), and a higher diet quality score (upper 40%). Women who met all the healthful lifestyle measures had an additional 10.7 years of disease-free life compared with women who met no healthful lifestyle measures. For men, the number was 7.6 additional disease-free years. So it was concluded that a healthier lifestyle was associated with an increased total life expectancy and life expectancy free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Findings suggest that the promotion of a healthy lifestyle would help to reduce healthcare burdens. Public policies for improving food and the physical environment conducive to adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle are critical to improving life expectancy, especially life expectancy free of major chronic diseases. Source: BMJ 2020; 368:l6669 http://dx.doi. org/10.1136/bmj.l6669
A neuroendocrine pathway modulating osmotic stress in Drosophila

Environmental factors challenge the physiological homeostasis in animals, thereby evoking stress responses. Various mechanisms have evolved to counter stress at the organism level, including regulation by neuropeptides. In recent years, much progress has been made on the mechanisms and neuropeptides that regulate responses to metabolic/nutritional stress, as well as those involved in countering osmotic and ionic stresses. Here, we identified a peptidergic pathway that links these types of regulatory functions. We uncover the neuropeptide Corazonin (Crz), previously implicated in responses to metabolic stress, as a neuroendocrine factor that inhibits the release of a diuretic hormone, CAPA, and thereby modulates the tolerance to osmotic and ionic stress. Both knockdown of Crz and acute injections of Crz peptide impact desiccation tolerance and recovery from chill-coma. Mapping of the Crz receptor (CrzR) expression identified three pairs of Capa-expressing neurons (Va neurons) in the ventral nerve cord that mediate these effects of Crz. We show that Crz acts to restore water/ion homeostasis by inhibiting release of CAPA neuropeptides via inhibition of cAMP production in Va neurons. Knockdown of CrzR in Va neurons affects CAPA signaling, and consequently increases tolerance for desiccation, ionic stress and starvation, but delays chill-coma recovery. Optogenetic activation of Va neurons stimulates excretion and simultaneous activation of Crz and CAPA-expressing neurons reduces this response, supporting the inhibitory action of Crz. Thus, Crz inhibits Va neurons to maintain osmotic and ionic homeostasis, which in turn affects stress tolerance. Earlier work demonstrated that systemic Crz signaling restores nutrient levels by promoting food search and feeding. Here we additionally propose that Crz signaling also ensures osmotic homeostasis by inhibiting release of CAPA neuropeptides and suppressing diuresis. Thus, Crz ameliorates stress-associated physiology through systemic modulation of both peptidergic neurosecretory cells and the fat body in Drosophila.
Financial ratios as a powerful instrument to predict insolvency; a study using boosting algorithms in Colombian firms

This study is motivated by the importance of accurately predicting insolvency before it happens. The paper aims to develop an insolvency prediction model for Colombian firms with one, two and three years of anticipation through financial ratios, keeping sample structures and taking into account insolvency-related regulation. This research contributes to the literature because unlike many studies, it takes legislation into account, explains the different types of financial ratios, and uses boosting algorithms without biasing the sample. Data from 11,812 Colombian companies covering the period 2012-2016 was used. The results show accuracy above 70% for insolvency prediction with one, two and three years of anticipation.
Inferring lifestyle for Aves and Theropoda: A model based on curvatures of extant avian ungual bones

Claws are involved in a number of behaviours including locomotion and prey capture, and as a result animals evolve claw morphologies that enable these functions. Past authors have found geometry of the keratinous sheath of the claw to correlate with mode of life for extant birds and squamates; this relationship has frequently been cited to infer lifestyles for Mesozoic theropods including Archaeopteryx. However, claw sheaths rarely fossilise and are prone to deformation; past inferences are thus compromised. As the ungual phalanx within the claw is relatively resistant to deformation and more commonly preserved in the fossil record, geometry of this bone would provide a more useful metric for paleontological analysis. In this study, ungual bones of 108 birds and 5 squamates were imaged using X-ray techniques and a relationship was found between curvatures of the ungual bone within the claw of pedal digit III and four modes of life; ground-dwelling, perching, predatory, and scansorial; using linear discriminant analysis with Kappa equal to 0.69. Our model predicts arboreal lifestyles for certain key taxa Archaeopteryx and Microraptor and a predatory ecology for Confuciusornis. These findings demonstrate the utility of our model in answering questions of palaeoecology, the theropod-bird transition, and the evolution of avian flight.