Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microscopic pairing theory of a binary Bose mixture with interspecies attractions: Bosonic BEC-BCS crossover and ultradilute low-dimensional quantum droplets

Ultradilute quantum droplets are intriguing new state of matter, in which the attractive mean-field force can be balanced by the repulsive force from quantum fluctuations to avoid collapse. Here, we present a microscopic theory of ultradilute quantum droplets in three-, one- and two-dimensional two-component Bose-Bose mixtures, by generalizing the conventional Bogoliubov theory to include the bosonic pairing arising from the interspecies attraction. Our pairing theory is fully equivalent to a variational approach and hence gives an upper bound for the energy of quantum droplets. In three dimensions, we predict the existence of a strongly interacting Bose droplet at the crossover from Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) to Bardeen--Cooper--Schrieffer (BCS) superfluids and map out the bosonic BEC-BCS crossover phase diagram. In one dimension, we find that the energy of the one-dimensional Bose droplet calculated by the pairing theory is in an excellent agreement with the latest diffusion Monte Carlo simulation {[}Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{122}, 105302 (2019){]}, for nearly all the interaction strengths at which quantum droplets exist. In two dimensions, we show that Bose droplets disappear and may turn into a soliton-like many-body bound state, when the interspecies attraction exceeds a critical value. Below the threshold, the pairing theory predicts more or less the same results as the Bogoliubov theory derived by Petrov and Astrakharchik {[}Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{117}, 100401 (2016){]}. The predicted energies from both theories are higher than the diffusion Monte Carlo results, due to the weak interspecies attraction and the increasingly important role played by the beyond-Bogoliubov-approximation effect in two dimensions.
Ultrahigh Doping of Graphene Using Flame-Deposited MoO3

The expected high performance of graphene-based electronics is often hindered by lack of adequate doping, which causes low carrier density and large sheet resistance. Many reported graphene doping schemes also suffer from instability or incompatibility with existing semiconductor processing. Here we report ultrahigh and stable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type doping up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 7\times 10 ^{13}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>−2</sup> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 2\times 10 ^{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>−3</sup>) of monolayer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition. This is achieved by direct polycrystalline MoO<sub>3</sub> growth on graphene using a rapid flame synthesis technique. With this approach, the metal-graphene contact resistance for holes is reduced to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 200~\Omega \cdot \mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We also demonstrate that flame-deposited MoO<sub>3</sub> provides over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> higher doping of graphene, as well as superior thermal and long-term stability, compared to electron-beam deposited MoO<sub>3</sub>.
Bioefficacy and Mode-of-Action of Aglaroxin B and Aglaroxin C from Aglaia elaeagnoidea (syn. A. roxburghiana) against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura

The bioefficacy of aglaroxin B and aglaroxin C from Aglaia elaeagnoidea (syn. A. roxburghiana) was assessed using the gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Asian armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The compounds exhibited strong growth inhibition in diet bioassay, with 0.63 and 0.68 ppm of aglaroxin B and 0.61 and 0.69 ppm of aglaroxin C reducing growth by 50 per cent in H. armigera and S. litura neonate larvae, respectively, whereas a growth inhibition of 95 per cent was achieved in the range of 2.0 to 2.18 ppm; this was comparable to azadirachtin treatments used as standard. Rocaglamide, a sister compound from the same plant, also used for comparison, was comparatively less active than aglaroxins. Both aglaroxin B and aglaroxin C were toxic to various stadia. Nutritional analysis revealed the antifeedant properties of the compounds; however, nutritional indices indicated that the reduction in growth of the larvae was not entirely due to starvation but partly due to toxic effects of the ingested compounds. This was further confirmed in topical treatments. When relative growth rate was plotted against relative consumption rate, the growth efficiency of larvae fed on diet containing aglaroxin B and C was significantly less than that of control larvae. These results further indicate that aglaroxin B and C act as both antifeedant and chronic toxins. Structure/ activity relationships drawn from the present findings show that methylenedioxy phenyl moiety plays a significant role in the activity of these compounds. However, it is obvious from the present findings that aglaroxins do not absolutely follow the activity pattern of azadirachtin or more related compound rocaglamide known in lepidopterans. Moult inhibition is also a characteristic action of these compounds.
Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccines Under Limited Supply

This paper considers how to allocate Covid-19 vaccines to different age groups when limited vaccines are available over time. The disease dynamics is specified by an age-structured SAPHIRE model whose parameters are estimated by the standard least square method using the epidemic data from New York City. We derive optimal static allocation policies with different objectives under different amounts of daily available vaccines, and examine several dynamic allocation heuristics including old-first policy, infection-first policy, myopic policy, death-weighted myopic policy, and two-day myopic policy. For static policies, our numerical study shows that to minimize the total deaths, it is optimal to allocate limited vaccines to the oldest group first and then the younger group if there are capacities remaining. In contrast, to minimize the total confirmed cases, the optimal static policy allocates a considerable portion of vaccines to younger groups even if the daily available vaccines are very limited. The optimal static policies achieve a much smaller number of confirmed cases and deaths compared to two benchmark policies: a uniform allocation policy that allocates available vaccines equally to each age group, and a proportional allocation policy that allocates available vaccines proportionally to the population of each age group. For dynamic allocation policies, the myopic policy and the two-day myopic policy have similar performance and significantly outperforms the other dynamic heuristics and the static policies in terms of the confirmed cases and deaths.
Role of interfering substances in the survival of coronaviruses on surfaces and their impact on the efficiency of hand and surface disinfection

Contaminated environmental surfaces are considered to represent a significant vector for hospital-acquired viral infections. In this study, we have evaluated the impact of interfering substances on SARS-CoV-2 surface stability and virucidal efficiency of hand sanitizers and surface disinfectant. To this end, surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 was measured on stainless steel in different experimental conditions, with or without an artificial mucus/saliva mixture and compared against that of human coronavirus HCoV-229E and feline coronavirus FCoV. The impact of the mucus/saliva mixture on the virucidal efficiency of 3 commercial alcohol hand sanitizers and 1 surface chemical disinfectant against SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E and FCoV was then measured. Our results indicate that mucus/saliva mixture did not demonstrate a beneficial effect on the surface survival of tested viruses, with temperature being an important parameter. In addition, we demonstrated that interfering substances may play an important role in the virucidal efficacy of hand sanitizers and disinfectants, highlighting the need for adapted testing protocols that better reflect current - real life -conditions of use.
SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B cells frequency in recovered patient remains stable while antibodies decay over time

The breadth of the humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection was indicated to be important for recovery from COVID-19. Recent studies have provided valuable insights regarding the dynamics of the antibody response in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. However, the information regarding the dynamics of the serological and cellular memory in COVID-19 recovered patients in scarce. It is imperative to determine the persistence of humoral memory in COVID-19 recovered patients as it will help to evaluate the susceptibility of recovered patients to re-infection. Here, we describe the dynamics of both the SARS-CoV-2 specific serological and B cell response in COVID-19 recovered patients. We found that symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 patients mount a robust antibody response following infection however, the serological memory decays in recovered patients over the period of 6 months. On the other hand, the B cell response as observed in the SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B cell compartment, was found to be stable over time. Moreover, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 specific B cell plasmablasts was found to be associated with the SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody levels. These data, suggests that the differentiation of short-lived plasmablasts to become long-lived plasma cells is impaired and the main contributor of antibody production are the short-lived plasmablasts. Overall, our data provides insights regarding the humoral memory persistence in recovered COVID-19 patients. Notwithstanding the insights from this study, it is still to be determined if the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 memory B cells can be considered as a correlate of protection in the absence of serological memory.
Functional Signatures in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sex-Based Differences in Transcriptomic Studies

While studies have established the existence of differences in the epidemiological and clinical patterns of lung adenocarcinoma between male and female patients, we know relatively little regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying such sex-based differences. In this study, we explore said differences through a meta-analysis of transcriptomic data. We performed a meta-analysis of the functional profiling of nine public datasets that included 1,366 samples from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. Meta-analysis results show an enrichment of Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to the immune response, nucleic acid metabolism, and purinergic signaling. We discovered the overrepresentation of terms associated with the immune response, particularly with acute inflammatory response, and purinergic signaling in female lung adenocarcinoma patients, which could influence reported clinical differences. Further evaluations of the identified differential biological processes and pathways could lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Our findings also emphasize the relevance of sex-specific analyses in biomedicine, which represents a crucial aspect influencing biological variability in disease.
First-principles study on the electronic structures and optical properties of CsVO3

Abstract In this paper, a CSVO3 phosphor for white LED has been successfully prepared by solid-state synthesis and has been characterized. The CsVO3 was simulated by Materials Studio software based on density functional theory (DFT). The results show that the CsVO3 sample has a direct optical transition with band gap energy of 3.143 eV. Under ultraviolet excitation in the range of 300–390 nm, the emission spectrum of CsVO3 phosphors ranges from 400 to 700 nm, and its peak emission spectrum is near 492 nm, and shows yellow color fluorescence emission. These results indicate that CsVO3 phosphor can be used as a promising white phosphor for white LED.
A NEW SEMI-QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR CODING CARNIVORE CHEWING DAMAGE WITH AN APPLICATION TO MODERN AFRICAN LION-DAMAGED BONES

Abstract: The ability to distinguish between the taphonomic patterns inflicted by different carnivore taxa in the fossil record is currently underdeveloped. Previous efforts to identify taxon-specific taphonomic damage to prey bones inflicted by larger felids have largely focused on tooth marks. Recent work, however, which considers patterns of chewing damage are only beginning to yield methods that can consistently distinguish between species, or even families, of large predators. Here we present a new low-cost, low-tech, semi-quantitative method for coding carnivore-inflicted chewing damage patterns using a basic 5-stage scale (0 = no damage, 1 = tooth marks only, 2 = minimal chewing damage, 3 = moderate chewing damage, 4 = severe chewing damage, fragmentation, or destruction), including a photographic guide to different levels of bone damage inflicted on different skeletal elements and portions. An independent test of this method by three experienced taphonomic analysts indicates that this method is easy to use and results in consistent data across analysts. We also apply this method to document and describe the intensity of damage that free-ranging African lions inflicted on a sample of zebra bones. This method can be used in conjunction with efforts to distinguish taxon-specific tooth mark shapes or patterns to more confidently infer the identity of different predators based on their chewing damage.
Phylogenetic diversity and biological activities of marine actinomycetes isolated from sediments of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass, China

Abstract In China's Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM), the unique environmental conditions (e.g. low temperature, high salinity and large temperature gradient) may support the growth of novel microbial populations with specific biological activities. In this study, 172 isolates of marine actinomycetes were obtained from 20 sediment samples of the YSCWM. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes, the actinomycete isolates were classified into five actinobacterial taxa. Members of Streptomyces were widely dominant (63.3%) while those of Nocardiopsis, Actinoalloteichus, Micromonospora and a novel genus Spinactinospora accounted for smaller proportions (19.1%, 8.7%, 7.6% and 1.2%, respectively). Of the 172 actinomycete isolates, 33.7% exhibited antibacterial activity against at least one of the four human pathogens tested (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Edwardsiella tarda), whereas 65.1–93.6% were capable of producing exoenzymes (lipase, caseinase and amylase). The largest number, highest diversity and greatest antibacterial rate of the actinomycetes were obtained with three culture media containing starch, aspartate and peptone, and glycerol and arginine, respectively. The isolates associated with antibacterial activity and/or exoenzyme production are potential sources for discovering industrially useful molecules/enzymes. Our results provide new insights into the phylogenetic diversity, antimicrobial activity, and enzyme production capability of marine actinomycetes in the YSCWM, expanding the scope for finding industrially important actinomycetes.
A Neural Probabilistic Language Model

A goal of statistical language modeling is to learn the joint probability function of sequences of words. This is intrinsically difficult because of the curse of dimensionality: we propose to fight it with its own weapons. In the proposed approach one learns simultaneously (1) a distributed representation for each word (i.e. a similarity between words) along with (2) the probability function for word sequences, expressed with these representations. Generalization is obtained because a sequence of words that has never been seen before gets high probability if it is made of words that are similar to words forming an already seen sentence. We report on experiments using neural networks for the probability function, showing on two text corpora that the proposed approach very significantly improves on a state-of-the-art trigram model.
Effects of video, priming, and music on motivation and self-efficacy in American football players

Highlight videos accompanied by inspiring music can help in enhancing an athlete’s motivational state and self-efficacy (SE). The addition of verbal priming techniques could provide a further boost, but this combination of audiovisual stimuli has yet to be examined in a sport context. A repeated-measures, crossover design was used. The study entailed a pretraining intervention administered to American football players (N = 32). Measures included the Situational Motivation Scale and an SE scale. Participants were exposed to control, music, video, video-music, video-priming, and video-music-priming conditions. Repeated-measures MANOVA indicated that the video-music condition elicited the strongest response in terms of increasing intrinsic forms of motivation (p = .010) and decreasing amotivation (p = .019). Three of eight SE components (Perceptions of Effort, Consistency, and Concentration), and an overall global SE score were significantly enhanced by the experimental stimuli, with video-music-priming eliciting the most positive response, followed by video-music. The present findings indicate the utility of audiovisual interventions combined with verbal primes immediately prior to sporting performance. Practitioners working with athletes might consider the preperformance use of motivational music and videos along with embedded subliminal verbal primes.
Hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of selected species of a mediterranean macchia ecosystem

1. Various woody species belonging to the mediterranean macchia ecosystem have been studied in respect of their strategies of water resources acquisition and water-use efficiencies, using stable isotopes analysis. 2. Evergreen species seem to depend more on rain-water utilization than the deciduous ones, which utilize ground-water almost exclusively. 3. This pattern is paralleled by the distribution of δ 13 C values which show a greater water-use efficiency for the evergreen species vs the deciduous ones
Befindlichkeit und elektrodermale Aktivität depressiver Patienten während akuter Suizidalität

Sixty-eight depressive inpatients were subdivided into an acutely suicidal (n = 34) and a non-suicidal control group (n = 34) by means of item I of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The two groups were matched in age and sex. Electrodermal activity (SCL, SFL, SCR, habituation speed) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in a standard habituation experiment. In self-assessment scales, depression (BDI), trait anxiety (STAI-X1) and bodily complaints (B-L') were evaluated. Assuming a correlation between EDA and serotonergic transmission, we expected clear evidence of serotonergic dysfunction in the acutely suicidal group according to the hypothesis of a deficiency in serotonergic transmission in acutely suicidal depressives. Acutely suicidal depressives showed significantly higher depression and anxiety symptoms as well as more physical complaints (compared to the controls). As for the EDA experiments, SCLs and amplitudes of the first EDRs were significantly reduced in the acutely suicidal depressives (in comparison with the controls), whereas their heart rate was increased. Although the subjects of both groups were not selected regarding suicidality or suicidal attempts in their case history before admission to the depression ward but only for suicidality at the time of the experiment, these results are similar to those of depressive patients we examined during inpatient treatment and who later committed violent suicide. Further research on the mechanisms of central serotonergic regulation are necessary to shed light on the question whether acute serotonergic dysfunctions or outlasting deficiencies significantly contribute to results as found in this study.
The influence of the video assistant referee on the Chinese Super League

With the development and advancement of technology, various types of high-tech auxiliary equipment have been gradually introduced into football matches to assist referees to officiate the game. The Chinese football Super League (CSL) introduced the video assistant referee (VAR) in the 2018 season. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the introduction of VAR on football matches and on referees’ performance. This study compared the data of all 240 games without VAR in the season 2017 and all 240 games with VAR in the season 2018 using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and means comparison. The following match variables were considered: goals, penalties, red cards, yellow cards, fouls, offsides, playing time in the first half, playing time in the second half and total playing time. The study found that: 1) After the introduction of VAR, the number of offsides and fouls in the Chinese Super League dropped significantly (p < .001); 2) the playing time in the first and second half and the total playing time increased significantly(p < .001); 3) after the introduction of VAR, the home team advantage decreased slightly. The research result can help to better understand the impact of VAR on professional football, especially on the Chinese football Super League, it can also help referees to optimize their refereeing strategy.
Inertial stresses of national and international motorcycle circuit racing riders

The forces on the human body associated with motorcycle racing are currently unpublished, and this study aimed at quantifying the negative and positive accelerations that circuit racers experience during real competitions via direct measurements in different classes of racing. Kinematical measurements of braking actions and corner exits during competitive laps were identified via GPS signal in 23 riders competing in 13 different circuits and categories (i.e. European Junior Cup 2016, national and world level 600 cc SuperSport). Fully equipped body mass of riders was measured and individual inertial forces were calculated. Riders in an entry-level class championship experienced 87 ± 11 brakes per race, while national and world SS600 class championships were found to have on average 144 ± 14 and 171 ± 28 brakes per race, respectively. For each braking action, the calculated inertial mean force acting on the rider centre of gravity was from 476 to 513 N on average, and peak forces doubling these values. Moreover, the mean inertial forces generated while accelerating to exit the corners were from 300 to 384 N on average, with the WSS class recording 33% larger accelerations compared to the entry category EJC. The findings of this study: suggest that international level riders experience positive and negative inertial loads considerable in volume, frequency and intensity; provide novel information enhancing the knowledge on the performance model for motorcycle circuit racing; and, offer a profile useful for the design of training programmes aiming at preparing riders for competition.