Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Application of the Power Residue Theory to Some Abelian Functions

The aim of this paper is to point out a number-theoretical property of a certain product of values taken by an abelian function at points of finite order of the abelian variety on which the abelian function is considered We use the theory of power residues and the theory of complex multiplication, and the result is somewhat similar to the so-called Stickelberger’s relation in the theory of Gauss sums. A related investigation was previously made by the author in a special case of elliptic curves [2].
The Effect of Covariance Estimator Error on Cosmological Parameter Constraints

Extracting parameter constraints from cosmological observations requires accurate determination of the covariance matrix for use in the likelihood function. We show here that uncertainties in the elements of the covariance matrix propagate directly to increased uncertainties in cosmological parameters. When the covariance matrix is determined by simulations, the resulting variance of the each parameter increases by a factor of order $1+N_b/N_s$ where $N_b$ is the number of bands in the measurement and $N_s$ is the number of simulations.
Generating Realistic Synthetic Head Rotation Data for Extended Reality using Deep Learning

Extended Reality is a revolutionary method of delivering multimedia content to users. A large contributor to its popularity is the sense of immersion and interactivity enabled by having real-world motion reflected in the virtual experience accurately and immediately. This user motion, mainly caused by head rotations, induces several technical challenges. For instance, which content is generated and transmitted depends heavily on where the user is looking. Seamless systems, taking user motion into account proactively, will therefore require accurate predictions of upcoming rotations. Training and evaluating such predictors requires vast amounts of orientational input data, which is expensive to gather, as it requires human test subjects. A more feasible approach is to gather a modest dataset through test subjects, and then extend it to a more sizeable set using synthetic data generation methods. In this work, we present a head rotation time series generator based on TimeGAN, an extension of the well-known Generative Adversarial Network, designed specifically for generating time series. This approach is able to extend a dataset of head rotations with new samples closely matching the distribution of the measured time series.
Towards a model of large scale dynamics in transitional wall-bounded flows

A system of simplied equations is proposed to govern the feedback interactions of large-scale ows present in laminar-turbulent patterns of transitional wall-bounded ows with small-scale Reynolds stresses gen- erated by the self-sustainment process of turbulence, itself modeled using an extension of Walee's approach (5). This text is the English adaptation of (18). It is here complemented by an annex giving the detailed expression of the model alluded to above, absent from the French version due to space limitations.
Behavioural Analysis in a 6-DoF VR System: Influence of Content, Quality and User Disposition

This work presents an explorative behavioural analysis of users navigating in an immersive space aimed at enabling the next-generation multimedia systems. Our main goal is to understand how the user experience of immersive content with 6-Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) is affected not only by the visual content and its quality but also by the disposition of the user. We based our investigations on traditional statistical metrics, on techniques that have been already used for 6-DoF, as well as adapted 3-DoF tools to be used in this new context. We show the limitation of each metric in giving a complete interpretation of user behaviour, and we draw insights on important factors to be considered when analysing and predicting navigation trajectories. Specifically, we have noticed in our behavioural investigations that the user disposition plays an important role in the way of interacting with the immersive content. This opens the gate to user profiles (i.e., a collection of key information that describes the behavioural features of a single or group of users) that would be beneficial for different purposes in future immersive applications such as enabling new modalities for live streaming services optimised per user profiles but also for user-based quality assessment methods.
Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome: experience in a tertiary hospital

Abstract Objectives Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is a useful test for differential diagnosis of central vs. ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS). We provide a description of the protocol used in our Center and an analysis of its diagnostic accuracy. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 28 patients who underwent BIPSS combined with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation. The procedure is performed in an interventional neuroradiology suite, involving a multidisciplinary team of neuroradiologists, endocrinologists and laboratory professionals. The two petrosal sinuses are catheterized and a peripheral blood sample is obtained simultaneously, at baseline and at 3, 6 and 10 min following stimulation. ACTH and prolactin are determined by immunochemiluminescence. Results A total of 19 cases of Cushing’s disease (CD) and 1 case of ectopic CS were confirmed. In all cases, BIPSS provided accurate diagnostic guidance, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. In 8 patients, remission was not achieved after surgery. In 84% of catheterizations, ACTH ratio peaked at 3–6 min following stimulation. Patients with histologically-confirmed CD exhibited higher sinus ACTH ratios and values. Prolactin ratio helped us identify and exclude 28.6% of the samples with inconsistent results. Conclusions In our series, BIPSS combined with CRH stimulation demonstrated to be a safe, effective procedure. Prolactin emerges as a useful marker of correct catheterization. The participation of a multidisciplinary team is essential.
Mass distribution in an assembling super galaxy group at z = 0.37

We present a weak gravitational lensing analysis of supergroup SG1120$-$1202, consisting of four distinct X-ray-luminous groups, that will merge to form a cluster comparable in mass to Coma at $z=0$. These groups lie within a projected separation of 1 to 4 Mpc and within $\Delta v=550$ km s$^{-1}$ and form a unique protocluster to study the matter distribution in a coalescing system. Using high-resolution {\em HST}/ACS imaging, combined with an extensive spectroscopic and imaging data set, we study the weak gravitational distortion of background galaxy images by the matter distribution in the supergroup. We compare the reconstructed projected density field with the distribution of galaxies and hot X-ray emitting gas in the system and derive halo parameters for the individual density peaks. We show that the projected mass distribution closely follows the locations of the X-ray peaks and associated brightest group galaxies. One of the groups that lies at slightly lower redshift ($z\approx 0.35$) than the other three groups ($z\approx 0.37$) is X-ray luminous, but is barely detected in the gravitational lensing signal. The other three groups show a significant detection (up to $5 \sigma$ in mass), with velocity dispersions between $355^{+55}_{-70}$ and $530^{+45}_{-55}$ km s$^{-1}$ and masses between $0.8^{+0.4}_{-0.3} \times 10^{14}$ and $1.6^{+0.5}_{-0.4}\times 10^{14} h^{-1} M_{\odot}$, consistent with independent measurements. These groups are associated with peaks in the galaxy and gas density in a relatively straightforward manner. Since the groups show no visible signs of interaction, this supports the picture that we are catching the groups before they merge into a cluster.
Cephalometric evaluation of adenoids and upper airway.

Abstract Cephalometric analysis performed on lateral X-ray allow orthodontists to evaluate soft tissues as well. Enlargement of adenoids, changes of the position of the tongue can be diagnosed parallel with skeletal assessment. Our purpose was to investigate the skeletal growth direction and the posterior airway depth in mouth breather patients and to underline the importance of a complex cephalometric analysis prior orthodontic treatment. 30 mouth breather patients were selected from our database (17 boys and 13 girls, age 10.8±1.2), in every case ENT examination confirmed the hypertrophy of adenoids. From the same database 30 patients with normal breathing pattern (17 boys and 13 girls, age 11.1±0.9) for the control group. For every patient, the size of the adenoids, the depth of the palate and the position of the tongue. After filtering out the outliers in GraphPad-InStat system, standard deviation (±SD) was calculated, descriptive analytical statistics were performed. Statistically significant differences were recorded regarding: 1. ) the distance between adenoid vegetation and the palate (p=0.014, mouth breathers mean 9.76 ± SD 3.04; control group mean 14.38 ± SD 4.41), 2. ) the distance between Sella and the adenoids (p=0.186, study group mean 33.39 ± SD 4.39; control group mean 28.38 ± SD 8.91), 3. ) adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio (p = 0.05). Cephalometric evaluation of adenoids revealed considerable enlargement of this in mouth-breather children, meanwhile upper airway constriction will appear in the same group. Depth of the palatum will increase when breathing pattern is modified.
Effects of Natural Borneol on Germ Tube Formation and Preformed Biofilm Activity in Candida albicans

Candida albicans infection mainly occurs in patients with suppressed immune function and is the main pathogen of nosocomial infections. The use of natural products aimed at controlling fungal diseases is considered an interesting alternative to synthetic fungicides due to their lower adverse reactions and the lower cost of plant preparations compared to modern conventional pharmaceuticals. Natural borneol has a long history of treating ulcers and local infections in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we present an analysis of the in vitro effects of natural borneol on planktonic cells of C albicans in the liquid and vapor phases. We also investigated the effects of natural borneol on germ tube formation and mature biofilm activity of C albicans. We found that vapor-phase borneol (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] 0.4 mg/cm3) inhibited C albicans more effectively than in the liquid phase (MIC 2 mg/mL). The C albicans germ tube decreased by 99% to 60% at sub-MICs of 0.5 to 0.125 mg/mL. The inhibitory effects of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL borneol on the biofilm activity were 33.7%, 48.6%, 49.9%, 52.9%, and 58.2%, respectively. Natural borneol may have potential in the treatment and prevention of C albicans infections.
Galaxy pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey – II. The effect of environment on interactions

We use a sample of close galaxy pairs selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4 (SDSS DR4) to investigate in what environments galaxy mergers occur and how the results of these mergers depend on differences in local galaxy density. The galaxies are quantified morphologically using two-dimensional bulge-plus-disc decompositions and compared to a control sample matched in stellar mass, redshift and local projected density. Lower density environments have fractionally more galaxy pairs with small projected separations (r p ) and relative velocities (Δυ), but even high-density environments contain significant populations of pairs with parameters that should be conducive to interactions. The connection between environment and Δυ also implies that the velocity selection of a pairs sample affects (biases) the environment from which the pairs are selected. Metrics of asymmetry and colour are used to identify merger activity and triggered star formation. The location of star formation is inferred by distinguishing bulge and disc colours and calculating bulge fractions from the SDSS images. Galaxies in the lowest density environments show the largest changes in star formation rate, asymmetry and bulge-to-total fractions at small separations, accompanied by bluer bulge colours. At the highest local densities, the only galaxy property to show an enhancement in the closest pairs is asymmetry. We interpret these results as evidence that whilst interactions (leading to tidal distortions) occur at all densities, triggered star formation is seen only in low-to-intermediate density environments. We suggest that this is likely due to the typically higher gas fractions of galaxies in low-density environments. Finally, by cross-correlating our sample of galaxy pairs with a cluster catalogue, we investigate the dependence of interactions on clustercentric distance. It is found that for close pairs the fraction of asymmetric galaxies is highest in the cluster centres.
Global landscape of 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in human pancreatic cancer

As a new type of post-translational modification (PTM), lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) was firstly identified in histones and functioned as a regulator of transactivation in mammals. However, the role of Khib proteins remains to be investigated. Here, we firstly identified 10,367 Khib sites on 2,325 modified proteins in seven patients with pancreatic cancer by applying liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) qualitative proteomics techniques. Among them, 27 Khib-modified sites were identified in histones. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the Khib-modified proteins were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and enhanced in metabolic pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and fatty acid degradation. In an overlapping comparison of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, succinylation, and acetylation in humans, 105 proteins with 80 sites were modified by all three PTMs, suggesting there may be a complex network among the different modified proteins and sites. Furthermore, MG149, which was identified as a Tip60 inhibitor, significantly decreased the total Khib modification level in pancreatic cancer (PC) and strongly suppressed PC’s proliferation, migration, and invasion ability. Overall, our study is the first profiling of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylome and provides a new database for better investigating Khib in PC.
IMAGING THE PHOTOEVAPORATING DISK AND RADIO JET OF GM AUR

Photoevaporation is probably the main agent for gas dispersal during the last stages of protoplanetary disk evolution. However, the overall mass-loss rate in the photoevaporative wind and its driving mechanism are still not well understood. Here we report multi-configuration Very Large Array observations at 0.7, 3, and 5 cm toward the transitional disk of GM Aur. Our radio continuum observations allow us to image and spatially resolve, for the first time, the three main components at work in this stage of the disk evolution: the disk of dust, the ionized radio jet perpendicular to it, and the photoevaporative wind arising from the disk. The mass-loss rate inferred from the flux density of the radio jet is consistent with the ratio between ejection and accretion rates found in younger objects, suggesting that transitional disks can power collimated ejections of material apparently following the same physical mechanisms as much younger protostars. Our results indicate that extreme-UV (EUV) radiation is the main ionizing mechanism of the photoevaporative wind traced by the free–free emission. The required low EUV photon luminosity of ∼6 × 1040 s−1 would produce a photoevaporation rate of only yr−1. Therefore, other mechanisms are required to disperse the disk in the timescale imposed by observations.
Patient demographics and characteristics from an ambispective, observational study of patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy in Saudi Arabia

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, resulting in disability and premature death. Onset of symptoms typically occurs at 2–3 years of age, and disease progression is managed through treatment with corticosteroids. The aim of this interim analysis is to increase disease awareness and improve patient management in Saudi Arabia (SA) through the use of data from an ongoing ambispective, observational, multicenter study evaluating characteristics of patients aged 1–14 years with genetically confirmed DMD in SA. This interim analysis examined the secondary outcomes from the study–the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients included retrospectively [data recorded (enrollment visit) between January 2014 and September 2020] and prospectively between September 2020 and April 2021. The primary outcome–the list of DMD gene mutations for the study population–will be reported at a later date. There were 177 eligible patients. Mean, standard deviation (SD) age at enrollment was 7.5 (3.0) years. Median (min, max) age at diagnosis was 7.0 (1.3, 13.8) years. At enrollment, 28.9% of patients were full-time wheelchair users, 50.0% of ambulatory patients could run, and 63.9% could climb stairs. The mean (SD) ages of patients at enrollment who were unable to run and climb stairs were 8.0 (2.7) and 7.6 (3.0) years, respectively. Speech delay (19.4%) and learning difficulties (14.9%) were the most commonly reported intellectual impairments. Physical therapy (84.2%) was the most common choice for initial management of DMD. Only 40.7% of patients received corticosteroid therapy as part of their initial management plan, rising to 59.1% at enrollment. Devices were given to 28.8% of patients for initial management, most commonly ankle-foot orthoses (26.0%) and wheelchairs (6.2%). This analysis reports data from the largest study to date to capture demographics and clinical characteristics of DMD patients in SA. The interim results show a relatively late DMD diagnosis age compared with that in other countries, and a need for improved adherence to international DMD standard of care guidelines. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement for improved DMD education and awareness among healthcare professionals and the public in SA.
Elevated triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index predicts impaired islet β-cell function: A hospital-based cross-sectional study

Objective To explore the relationship between the TyG index and the insulin secretion function of pancreatic β-cells, and to determine the possibility of the TyG index in predicting β-cell dysfunction and the development of diabetes. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among 914 participants who took their annual health checkups at the Third Xiangya Hospital. The early- and late-phase pancreatic β-cell secretion was assessed based on the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In addition to anthropometric parameters and laboratory parameters, information about health-related habits and disease histories was obtained from the National Physical Examination Questionnaire. Partial correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between the TyG index and pancreatic β-cell function. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the cut-off points of the TyG index in predicting β-cell dysfunction. According to the OGTT results and medical history, the participants were categorized into three groups: the normal glucose tolerance group (NGT, n=276), the impaired glucose regulation group (IGT, n=323), and the diabetes group (DM, n=315). The correlation between the TyG index and β-cell function among the three groups and the association between the TyG index and glucose metabolic conditions were further explored. Results The TyG index was negatively correlated with the indexes that reflect the early and late secretory function of β-cells, not only in the NGT group but also in the IGT and DM group. The minimum cut-off values for the TyG index to identify the risk of early- and late-phase β-cell dysfunction are 9.08 and 9.2 respectively. The TyG indexes of the IGT and DM group were higher than that of the NGT group, and with the growth of the TyG index, the risk of prediabetes and diabetes increased significantly. Conclusion Increased TyG index is associated with impaired β-cell function regardless of the glucose metabolic conditions. The TyG index is an alternative indicator for predicting β-cell dysfunction.
A novel endovascular treatment for true ophthalmic aneurysms: A case report

Introduction Cerebral aneurysms located along the internal carotid artery at the origin of the ophthalmic artery can be treated through open surgery or endovascular technique. The former affords more certainty of aneurysm obliteration, while the latter poses less risk to vision. Flow diversion is an increasingly accepted treatment for side-wall carotid aneurysms, although location at the branch point of the ophthalmic artery is known to moderate occlusion outcomes. Case presentation We present a case of a middle-aged female patient with a morphologically irregular 4-mm ophthalmic artery aneurysm (OphA) and a smaller superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) aneurysm whose successful and uncomplicated obliteration by flow diversion with adjunctive coiling was predicted via a balloon test occlusion (BTO). BTO was employed prior to stent placement to confirm a) ophthalmic artery distal collateralization with external carotid artery (ECA) branches and b) preserved arterial flow in the retina visualized via fundoscopy. At 1 year following angiography, the patient had no postoperative deficits and benefitted from complete occlusion of the OphA and SHA. Conclusion OphAs constitute a complex surgical disease that is historically associated with high visual morbidity. We present a novel advanced endovascular technique of BTO followed by flow diversion with adjunctive coiling that successfully obliterated an OphA while preserving vision.
Response of bacterial community composition and co-occurrence network to straw and straw biochar incorporation

Microbial decomposition plays a crucial role in the incorporation of straw and straw biochar (SSB) into soil. Lime concretion black soil (LCBS) is a typical low-medium crop yield soil, and it is also one of the main soil types for grain production in China. However, the link between SSB additions and soil bacterial communities in LCBS remains unclear. This study explored the effects of SSB incorporation on bacterial community composition, structure and co-occurrence network patterns at different soil depths and maize growth stages. The results showed that soil PH, soil organic matter and total nitrogen significantly affected the seasonality and stratification of the soil bacterial community. The composition and diversity of bacterial communities were significantly affected by growth period and treatment rather than soil depth. Specifically, the bacterial community diversity increased significantly with crop growth at 0–20 cm, decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, and increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. SF (straw with fertilizer) and BF (straw biochar with fertilizer) treatments decreased bacterial community diversity. Co-occurrence networks are more complex in BF, S (straw), and SF treatments, and the number of edge network patterns is increased by 92.5, 40, and 60% at the maturity stage compared with F (fertilizer) treatment, respectively. Moreover, the positive effect of straw biochar on the bacterial network pattern increased with time, while the effect of straw weakened. Notably, we found that rare species inside keystone taxa (Gemmatimonadetes and Nitrospirae) play an indispensable role in maintaining bacterial network construction in LCBS. This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the response of soil bacterial communities to SSB addition in LCBS areas, and provides a reference for further improvement of LCBS productivity.