Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Salinity Exchanges Between the Equatorial Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal

Abstract : With a focus on the Bay of Bengal, models ranging from a 1/12.5 global ocean model to a 1/4 regional Indian Ocean model to a 2 km local high-resolution coupled model are used to simulate salinity exchanges in the Indian Ocean. Global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model simulations show a surprisingly large persistent flow of high-salinity water from the equatorial Indian Ocean into the Bay of Bengal during the northeast monsoon, although it is weaker than during the southwest monsoon. On average, salt is transported into the Bay of Bengal between 83E and 95E, and low-salinity water flows southward near the east coast of Sri Lanka and east of 95E. The Regional Ocean Modeling System shows that knowledge of river input of freshwater is essential for modeling surface salinities correctly in the Bay of Bengal. High-resolution coupled model simulations are in agreement with recent observations and show that a strong subsurface current with a speed of about 1 m s -1 intrudes into the Bay of Bengal beneath southward-flowing low-salinity water during the northeast monsoon. The subsurface high-salinity water, which originates in the northern Arabian Sea, spreads northward into the Bay of Bengal and downward along constant density surfaces. North of 10N, the model simulation implies that mixing takes place on density surfaces at depths of 100 -150 m after advection of cold, low-salinity water from the north, and subsequent stirring of the two water masses. Vertical diffusion plays an insignificant role in this mixing.
Estratégias Adaptativas de Duas Populações Caboclas (Pará) aos Ecossistemas de Várzea Estuarina e Estacional: uma análise comparativa.

A comparative study of the biological well being of two Amazonian caboclo populations situated in the Amazon Basin, in two different ecosystems (seazonal and estuarine varzeas), was undertaken. The main objective was to evaluate if the basin typology proposed for the Amazon region (Sioli 1984), based on the kind of water (clear, white, black), could explain the variability in biological well being among caboclo populations. Nutritional status was used as an indicator of well being, and was assessed with the use of food intake and anthropometry. Two hypothesis were tested: (1) caboclo populations living in the same basin do not show significant differences in nutritional status; (2) local ecological differences affect the nutritional status of caboclo populations living in the same basin. The conclusions were: (1) caboclo populations living in different ecosystems in the Amazon basin show significant differences in nutritional status; (2) caboclo populations living within the same ecosystem show some differences in nutritional status; (3) the populations investigated are affected by chronic undernutrition, that cannot be explained only in terms of insufficient food intake; (4) acute undernutrition was not observed; (5) caboclo’s basic diet, consisting of fish and manioc as staple foods, is adequate in terms of protein intake, but slightly insufficient in terms of energy intake; (6) women may be more buffered than man against environmental variations in food availability; (7) environmental causes alone are not enough to explain differences in the nutritional well being of caboclo populations, and other factors should be considered (historical, cultural, political and economical).
DIVULGAÇÃO TÉCNICA COMUNIDADE DE INSETOS AQUÁTICOS ASSOCIADOS À EICHHORNIA AZUREA (SCHWARTZ) KUNTH, EM UMA LAGOA DE VÁRZEA NA PLANÍCIE DE INUNDAÇÃO DO ALTO RIO PARANÁ, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, MS, BRASIL*

COMMUNITY OF AQUATIC INSECTS ASSOCIATED ON EICHHORNIA AZUREA (SCHWARTZ) KUNTH, IN A VARZEA LAGOON IN THE FLOODPLAIN OF HIGH PARANA RIVER, MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE, MS, BRAZIL. The objective of this research was to characterize the aquatic insect community associated to Eichhornia azurea, in Fechada lagoon and to verify the influence of the environmental variable on this community. Samples quarterly of February was accomplished to November of 2000, of aquatic insects associated to E. azurea, in the area littoral of the lagoon. In laboratory the insects were identified and counted. The entomofauna phytofila presented high density, diversity and richness 9,203 individuals, belonging to the orders Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera. The most abundant group and with larger richness was Chironomidae, represented mainly, by Polypedilum ( Asheum), Polypedilum sp. , Chironomus and Goeldichironomus serratus. The largest total density was verified in August (4.903 ind/100 g DW), when it was verified the largest text of dissolved oxygen (OD) and high primary production of algae. Smallest density was in February (194 ind/100 g DW) this month was characterized bug value of dissolved oxygen, high temperature and lowers chlorophyll a concentration the. In a general way the density flotation of the aquatic insects was influenced, mainly, for the temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and chlorophyll a.
Supplementary Respiratory Therapy Improves Pulmonary Function in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Despite medical advances, individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) face significant respiratory challenges, leading to heightened hospitalization rates and early mortality among this population. We hypothesize that integrating supplementary respiratory therapy into standard rehabilitation will result in significant improvements in pulmonary function, enhanced respiratory muscle strength, and an overall increase in the quality of life among pediatric patients with CP. Methods: A systematic search of literature across five databases was conducted, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed to assess the impact of supplementary respiratory therapy on (a) pulmonary function: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FVC/FEV1 ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and (b) respiratory muscle strength: maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (MIP, MEP), and (c) quality of life. Certainty of evidence was determined by the GRADE assessment. Results: Analysis of data from 11 eligible randomized controlled trials revealed clinically meaningful changes in pulmonary function. We found a relevant mean difference (MD) in absolute PEF of 0.50 L/s (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19; 0.82 p = 0.0107). The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to high. Conclusions: This study presents current evidence on the impact of various supplementary respiratory therapies for CP patients classified under gross motor function classification level I–IV, demonstrating clinically meaningful improvements in pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength. These improvements suggest the potential for an enhanced quality of life. Our findings hold the promise of serving as a foundational reference for potential revisions to conventional rehabilitation care, incorporating supplementary respiratory therapy.
History of Anemia in Pregnancy with Stunting Incidents in Toddlers at Nipah Community Health Center, Malaka, North Lombok Regency

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem whose incidence is quite high in Indonesia. Efforts to prevent and reduce stunting rates must involve all parties comprehensively. The process of stunting starts from pre-conception when a teenager becomes a mother who is malnourished and anemic. In Indonesia, 37.1% of women of childbearing age suffer from anemia. Several studies report that there is a relationship between anemia in pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, however similar research is still rarely carried out in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). This study aims to determine the relationship between a history of anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the Nipah Community Health Center, Malaka, North Lombok Regency (KLU). This research is an observational analytical survey research with a case control design. There were 69 samples in the case group (stunted toddlers) and 69 samples in the control group (normal toddlers). The results showed that there were 101 mothers (73.2%) with normal Hb levels, 24 mothers (17.4%) with mild anemia and 13 mothers (9.4%) with moderate anemia. Overall, 37 mothers (26.8%) suffered from anemia. The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship between a history of anemia in pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in toddlers with a p value of 0.842. Obtaining an odds ratio value of 1 means that mothers who experience anemia during pregnancy have no risk of having stunted children. Anemia during pregnancy, parental income, education level and mother's employment simultaneously influence the stunting variable by 14.9%.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF BOVINE MILK PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN ITALY

Agriculture and animal husbandry are important contributors to global emissions of greenhouse and acidifying gases. Moreover, they concur to water pollution and to consumption of nonrenewable natural resources, such as land and energy. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology allows to evaluate the environmental impact of a process from the production of inputs to the final product and to assess simultaneously several environmental impact categories: among others, GHG emissions, acidification, eutrophication, land use and energy use. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate, with LCA methodology, the environmental impact of milk production in a sample of 41 intensive Italian dairy farms and to identify, among different farming strategies, those associated with the best environmental performances. The functional unit was 1 kg Fat and Protein Corrected Milk (FPCM). Farms showed characteristics of high production intensity: FPCM, expressed as t per hectare, was 30.8±15.1. Total GHG emission per kg of FPCM at farm gate was 1.30±0.19 kg CO2 eq. The main contributors to climate change potential were: emissions from barns and manure storage (50.1%) and emissions for production and transportation of purchased feeds (21.2%). Average emission of gases causing acidification to produce 1 kg of FPCM was 19.7±3.6 g of SO2 eq. Eutrophication was 9.01±1.78 PO4 eq. per kg FPCM on average. Farms from this study needed on average 5.97±1.32 MJ per kg FPCM from nonrenewable energy sources. Energy consumption was mainly due to off-farm activities (58%) associated to purchased factors. Land use was 1.51±0.25 m per kg FPCM. The farming strategy based on high conversion efficiency at animal level was identified as the most advantageous to mitigate environmental impact per kg milk at farm gate, especially in terms of GHG production and non-renewable energy use per kg of FPCM.
Site-Specific Variable Rate Irrigation as a Means to Enhance Water Use Efficiency

Abstract. The majority of irrigated cropland in the US is watered with sprinkler irrigation systems. These systems are inherently more efficient in distributing water than furrow or flood irrigation. Appropriate system design of sprinkler irrigation equipment, application methods, and farming practices (e.g. furrow diking) enhance crop water use efficiency by minimizing irrigation losses and improving soil water storage. For years, the paradigm for best irrigation management practices included uniform application over an entire field, even though abiotic (soils, slope, aspect, etc.) and biotic (insect pressure, plant disease) factors often cause spatial variations in water use and yield potential. However, emerging technologies such as wireless communication coupled with soil water and plant sensors, commercially available variable rate irrigation (VRI) equipment, and the development of algorithms for computational data processing are shifting this paradigm towards variable rate management as a means to enhance crop WUE. This paper focuses on the potential of site-specific variable rate irrigation management (SS-VRIM) as a tool for enhancing water use efficiency, and the challenges encountered.
Treating an Advanced Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma with a Multikinase Inhibitor

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is an aggressive hepatic cancer that has characteristics of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). For resectable disease, liver resection is the preferred first treatment option. As for the advanced or metastatic setting, and due to its rarity, there is still no consensus on which is the optimal systemic treatment. As such, regimens used in both HCC and CC have often been used as first-line treatment options. We report a case of a male patient in his 50s, diagnosed with a cHCC-CC with lymph node and adrenal metastasis, with an extensive portal vein tumour thrombosis, that started treatment with a multikinase inhibitor - lenvatinib.
Optimizing the Solvent Selection of the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Pomace: Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity

Sea buckthorn pomace (SBP) is a by-product of sea buckthorn processing that is rich in bioactive compounds. In this study, different active ingredients were extracted by using different solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether) combined with an ultrasonic assisted method. The correlation between the active ingredients and antioxidant properties of the extract was studied, which provided a research basis for the comprehensive utilization of SBP. This study revealed that the 75% ethanol extract had the highest total phenolic content (TPC) of 42.86 ± 0.73 mg GAE/g, while the 75% glycerol extract had the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) of 25.52 ± 1.35 mg RTE/g. The ethanol extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity at the same concentration compared with other solvents. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol, methanol, and glycerol extracts increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Thirteen phenolic compounds were detected in the SBP extracts using UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Notably, the 75% glycerol extract contained the highest concentration of all identified phenolic compounds, with rutin (192.21 ± 8.19 μg/g), epigallocatechin (105.49 ± 0.69 μg/g), and protocatechuic acid (27.9 ± 2.38 μg/g) being the most abundant. Flavonols were found to be the main phenolic substances in SBP. A strong correlation was observed between TPC and the antioxidant activities of SBP extracts. In conclusion, the choice of solvent significantly influences the active compounds and antioxidant activities of SBP extracts. SBP extracts are a valuable source of natural phenolics and antioxidants.
Association of Three Genetic Loci with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Polish Children

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative, demarcated enamel defect of hypomineralization affecting one to four first permanent molars, often with incisor involvement. Its etiology is complex. However, evidence suggests the influence of genetic factors, potentially including the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2889956, rs4811117 and rs13058467, which were previously linked to MIH in a genome-wide association study of German children. The aim was to replicate analyses of possible associations between the SNPs and molar incisor hypomineralization in Polish children. Methods: The final study group consisted of 778 children aged 126–168 months old. Saliva samples were taken, and genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped using beadchip microarrays. Results: Among the 778 subjects, there were 68 (8.7%) subjects with MIH and 710 (91.3%) subjects without MIH. There were no significant differences in distributions in age, sex, or the frequency of caries in permanent dentition between the MIH and non-MIH groups. The rs2889956, rs4811117, and rs13058467 genotype distributions in the studied group conformed to the expected Hardy–Weinberg equilibria, and there were no significant differences in the distributions of their alleles or genotypes between the MIH and non-MIH groups. Conclusion: Our replication study did not confirm highly significant associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2889956, rs4811117, and rs13058467 with molar incisor hypomineralization in Polish children.
Dynamic Acetabular Cup Orientation during Gait: A Study of Fast- and Slow-Walking Total Hip Replacement Patients

The dynamic orientation of total hip replacement acetabular cups during walking may vary substantially from their assumed position at surgical implantation and may vary between individuals. The scale of this effect is of interest for both pre-clinical device testing and for pre-operative surgical planning. This work aimed to evaluate (1) patient variation in dynamic cup orientation; (2) whether walking speed was a candidate proxy measure for the dynamic cup orientation; and (3) the relationships between dynamic cup orientation angles and planar pelvic angles. Pelvic movement data for patients with fast (20 patients) and slow (19 patients) self-selected walking speeds were used to calculate acetabular cup inclination and version angles through gait. For aim 1, the range and extremes of acetabular cup orientation angles were analysed for all patients. A large patient-to-patient variation was found in the ranges of both inclination angle (1° to 11°) and version angle (4° to 18°). The version angle was typically retroverted in comparison to the implantation position (greatest deviation 27°). This orientation is substantially different to the static, 0° version, simplifying assumptions in pre-clinical ‘edge loading’ testing. For aim 2, the cup orientation angles were compared between the fast- and slow-walking groups using statistical parametric mapping. The only significant differences observed were for cup version angle, during ~12% of the gait cycle before toe-off (p < 0.05). Therefore, self-selected walking speed, in isolation, is not a sufficient proxy measure for dynamic acetabular orientation. For aim 3, correlations were recorded between the acetabular cup orientation angles and the planar pelvic angles. The cup inclination angle during gait was strongly correlated (Spearman’s coefficient −1) with pelvic obliquity alone, indicating that simple planar assessment could be used to anticipate inclination angle range. The cup version angle was correlated with both pelvic rotation and tilt (Spearman’s coefficient 0.8–1), indicating that cup version cannot be predicted directly from any single pelvic movement. This complexity, along with the interaction between inclination angle and range of version angle, supports the use of computational tools to aid clinical understanding.
Perceived stress of COVID-19 pandemic and problematic mobile phone use during quarantine conditions among Chinese adolescents: a mediated moderation model

The relation between perceived general stress and problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) has been well established. With the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the present study was designed to examine the association between perceived stress of COVID-19 as a kind of event-related stress and PMPU, and the mechanisms underlying this relation. Participants were 724 adolescents ranging from 12 to 16 years old (M = 13.28, SD = 1.05) who completed four online questionnaires addressing perceived stress of COVID-19, search for meaning in life, escapism motivation, and PMPU. The results revealed that escapism motivation mediated the relationship between perceived stress of COVID-19 and PMPU. In addition, search for meaning in life played a moderating role between perceived stress of COVID-19 and escapism motivation. These findings extend the literature by addressing how and under what conditions perceived stress of COVID-19 can contribute to PMPU. We discussed the implications for developing targeted intervention programs aimed at reducing PMPU among adolescents.
Calogero–Moser cells of dihedral groups at equal parameters

We prove that Calogero–Moser cells coincide with Kazhdan–Lusztig cells for dihedral groups in the equal parameter case. Cellules de Calogero-Moser des groupes diédraux à paramètres égaux Résumé Nous montrons que les cellules de Calogero-Moser coïncident avec les cellules de Kazhdan-Lusztig pour les groupes diédraux dans le cas des paramètres égaux.
A review of different structures of power amplifiers to improve linearity and efficiency

This review paper presents a comprehensive study of commonly used power amplifier (PA) structures. In recent years, with the development of modern wireless telecommunications and their dramatic challenges, new requirements are needed. In addition, some applications, like cell phones and tablets for example, need new considerations, especially in terms of power consumption. Also, linearity is another major factor in designing a PA. Furthermore, fabrication technologies such as complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), silicon on insulator (SOI), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium arsenide (GaAs), etc., play a crucial role in terms of power consumption. Therefore, it is necessary for PAs to meet these considerations. This paper reviews design considerations, fabrication technologies and common PA structures including envelope tracking (ET), envelope elimination and restoration (EER), Doherty, linear amplification with nonlinear components (LINC), feedback and feedforward linearization techniques with their pros and cons. This review focuses on the significant achievements, techniques, structures and characteristics of each. Also, this review focuses on the significant achievements, techniques, structures and characteristics of each. Also, this paper tries to provide a brief overview of the various methods with the advantages and disadvantages of each. This review paper tries to make readers familiar with common structures so that readers know the advantages and disadvantages of each and choose the desired structure based on their priorities.
Metabolic and physiological changes during and after vaquejada exercise in horses

Physiological and metabolic evaluations of equine sports have been conducted to define parameters or biomarkers for performance evaluation, clinical diagnosis and predict fatigue and overtraining. Actually, the vaquejada is the most important equine sport in Brazil, and these horses are repeatedly submitted to shortduration physical exertion, during 2 or 3 alternate or consecutive days, requiring adequate conditioning for this equestrian modality. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that pulls horses and helper horses undergo physiological and metabolic changes during vaquejada races. Eighteen Quarter Horses were used, including 12 pull horses and 6 helper horses. Hemograms and the following analyses were performed: glucose, lactate, cholesterol, triglycerides, NEFA, total proteins, albumin, creatine kinase, gama glutamyl transferase and cortisol. A heart rate monitor was used to measure the heart rate, velocity and travel distance of each animal. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests, with P established at 5%. Pull horses had higher heart rate values, but the velocities attained by the two groups of horses were similar. There was an increase in heart rate, glucose, lactate, non-esterified fatty acids and cortisol in both pull and helper horses after racing, but these levels returned to resting values 30 minutes after the end of exercise. It was concluded that the vaquejada field test promoted significant changes in haematological, biochemical biomarkers and in the heart rate of both groups of horses.