Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic-field-induced chain-like assembly structures of Fe3O4 nanoparticles

By controlling the time to apply magnetic field to a Fe3O4 magnetic fluid with polymer acrylic resin and by evaporating the solvent, linear chain-like structures were obtained and fixed. Optical microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the assembly structures of the fixed magnetic nanoparticles. We found that the chain-like structures with size even down to hundreds nanometers had smaller substructures. A picture of aggregation between linear chain-like substructures is proposed to understand the formation of the macrostructure in magnetic fluid induced by a magnetic field. Two basic aggregations, the coarsening and the connection of the substructures, were observed.
Contrastive Multiple Instance Learning: An Unsupervised Framework for Learning Slide-Level Representations of Whole Slide Histopathology Images without Labels

Simple Summary Recent AI methods in the automated analysis of histopathological imaging data associated with cancer have trended towards less supervision by humans. Yet, there are circumstances when humans cannot lend a hand to AI. Hence, we present an unsupervised method to learn meaningful features from histopathological imaging data. We applied our method to non-small cell lung cancer subtyping as a classification prototype and breast cancer proliferation scoring as a regression prototype. Our AI method achieves high accuracy and correlation, respectively. Additional experiments aimed at reducing the amount of available data demonstrated that the learned features are robust. Overall, our AI method approaches the analysis of histopathological imaging data in a novel manner, where meaningful features can be learned from without the need for any supervision my humans. The proposed method stands to benefit the field, as it theoretically enables researchers to benefit from completely raw histopathology imaging data. Abstract Recent methods in computational pathology have trended towards semi- and weakly-supervised methods requiring only slide-level labels. Yet, even slide-level labels may be absent or irrelevant to the application of interest, such as in clinical trials. Hence, we present a fully unsupervised method to learn meaningful, compact representations of WSIs. Our method initially trains a tile-wise encoder using SimCLR, from which subsets of tile-wise embeddings are extracted and fused via an attention-based multiple-instance learning framework to yield slide-level representations. The resulting set of intra-slide-level and inter-slide-level embeddings are attracted and repelled via contrastive loss, respectively. This resulted in slide-level representations with self-supervision. We applied our method to two tasks— (1) non-small cell lung cancer subtyping (NSCLC) as a classification prototype and (2) breast cancer proliferation scoring (TUPAC16) as a regression prototype—and achieved an AUC of 0.8641 ± 0.0115 and correlation (R2) of 0.5740 ± 0.0970, respectively. Ablation experiments demonstrate that the resulting unsupervised slide-level feature space can be fine-tuned with small datasets for both tasks. Overall, our method approaches computational pathology in a novel manner, where meaningful features can be learned from whole-slide images without the need for annotations of slide-level labels. The proposed method stands to benefit computational pathology, as it theoretically enables researchers to benefit from completely unlabeled whole-slide images.
Whittaker functions on metaplectic covers of GL(r)

This paper establishes a combinatorial link between different approaches to constructing Whittaker functions on a metaplectic group over a non-archimedean local field. We prove a metaplectic analogue of Tokuyama's Theorem and give a crystal description of polynomials related to Iwahori-Whittaker functions. The proof relies on formulas of metaplectic Demazure and Demazure-Lusztig operators, proved previously in joint work with Gautam Chinta and Paul E. Gunnells.
Radial gradient of solar wind velocity from 1 to 5 AU

Solar wind velocity measurements made by Pioneers 10 and 11 are compared to investigate radial variations in the velocity at heliocentric distances of 1 to 5 AU. Two hundred days of corresponding Pioneer 10 and 11 data are plotted, the velocity profiles for 25-day segments are compared, and the same general pattern of peaks and troughs is found in the corresponding profiles. A comparison of the relative smoothness of the profiles clearly shows that velocity amplitudes in the solar wind stream structure decrease dramatically with increasing radial distance from the sun, although the rate of decrease is not as clear. It is hypothesized that stream-stream interactions play a dominant part in inhibiting the classical radial expansion process in the solar wind and produce scattering centers which prevent the observation of a significant galactic cosmic ray gradient in this region of space. (IAA)
Van Est isomorphism for homogeneous cochains

VB-groupoids define a special class of Lie groupoids which carry a compatible linear structure. In this paper, we show that their differentiable cohomology admits a refinement by considering the complex of cochains which are k-homogeneous on the linear fiber. Our main result is a Van Est theorem for such cochains. We also work out two applications to the general theory of representations of Lie groupoids and algebroids. The case k=1 yields a Van Est map for representations up to homotopy on 2-term graded vector bundles. Arbitrary k-homogeneous cochains on suitable VB-groupoids lead to a novel Van Est theorem for differential forms on Lie groupoids with values in a representation.
Weak and strong feedback free processes

A class of feedback free processes [1]-[3] is introduced called the class of strong feedback free processes. Equivalent formulations of the strong feedback free (SFF) property are given and compared with equivalent formulations of the earlier definition [1]-[3] of feedback free processes. These latter processes are now termed weak feedback free (WFF) processes. Applications to a simulation experiment and an econometric example are briefly discussed.
Possession Disorder: A Treatment Method of Islamic Psychotherapy in (El-PsikA) Al-Amien Institute of Applied Psychology

This study proposed to discover the causes of patients experiencing trance disorders treated by EL-PsikA and how El-PsikA used Islamic psychotherapy methods in treating patients with trance disorders. The research method applied is a qualitative approach with data sources obtained through interviews and observations. The participants in this study consisted of two groups, namely five main participants and three triangulation participants using the snowball sampling technique. The results of this study designate the cause of the patient experiencing a trance disorder treated by El-PsikA consists of two factors, first because of a demonic disorder, and secondly because of having a trance disorder that begins with stress. While the method used in treating patients with possession disorder consists of five stages: first, the therapist performs a diagnosis to classify the symptoms of possession disorder experienced by the patient. Second, the therapist reads a prayer together with the patient-led by the therapist and is given water as an intermediary to drink to the patient. Third, if there is a reaction from the demon that has possessed the patient's body, the therapist asks the demon that possessed the patient's body to come out of the patient's body. Fourth, the therapist cleanses the devil's influence on the patient's body. Fifth, the therapist teaches patients self-therapy as a form of prevention so they don't experience a trance disorder again. Self-therapy taught is dhikr.
Arithmetic hyperbolicity: endomorphisms, automorphisms, hyperkähler varieties, geometricity

We verify some arithmetic predictions made by conjectures of Campana, Hassett-Tschinkel, Green-Griffiths, Lang, and Vojta. Firstly, we prove that every dominant endomorphism of an arithmetically hyperbolic variety over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero is in fact an auto-morphism of finite order, and that the automorphism group of an arithmetically hyperbolic variety is a locally finite group. To prove these two statements we use (a mild generalization of) a theorem of Amerik on dynamical systems which in turn builds on work of Bell-Ghioca-Tucker, and combine this with a classical result of Bass-Lubotzky. Furthermore, we show that if the automorphism group of a projective variety is torsion, then it is finite. In particular, we obtain that the automorphism group of a projective arithmetically hyperbolic variety is finite, as predicted by Lang's conjectures. Next, we apply this result to verify that projective hyperkahler varieties with Picard rank at least three are not arithmetically hyperbolic. Finally, we show that arithmetic hyperbolicity is a "geometric" notion, as predicted by Green-Griffiths-Lang's conjecture, under suitable assumptions related to Demailly's notion of algebraic hyperbolicity. For instance, if k is an algebraically closed subfield of the field of complex numbers and X is an arithmetically hyperbolic variety over k such that X is Brody hyperbolic over the complex numbers, then X remains arithmetically hyperbolic after any algebraically closed field extension of k.
Two-dimensional left (right) unital algebras over algebraically closed fields and $\mathbb{R}$

The principal building blocks of our descriptions are derived from [1, 4] as the authors have presented complete lists of isomorphism classes of all two-dimensional algebras over algebraically closed fields and R, providing the lists of canonical representatives of their structure constant’s matrices. We will speak of a unity element and unital algebras rather than identity element and algebras with identity. The latest lists of all unital associative algebras in dimension two, three, four, and five are available in [10], [2], [6] and [9], respectively. The lists of all associative algebras (both unital and non-unital) in dimension two and three are presented in [5, 11]. In this paper we describe the isomorphism classes of two-dimensional left(right) unital algebras over arbitrary algebraically closed field and R. Our approach is totally different than that of [2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11]. We consider left(right) unital algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic not 2, 3, characteristic 2, characteristic 3 and over R separately according to classification results of [1, 4]. To the best knowledge of authors the descriptions of left(right) unital two-dimensional algebras over algebraically closed fields and R have not been given yet.
Current status and future perspective of the link of corporate social responsibility–corporate financial performance in the tourism and hospitality industry

The CSR literature has paid close attention to the effect of CSR on corporate financial performance (CFP), well-known as the CSR–CFP link. Based on the instrumental perspective perceiving CSR as an instrument for enhancing a firm’s performance, people began to see CSR as not only a good deed that benefits society but also a strategy that can benefit the corporation. To empirically test this instrumental perspective, many researchers have investigated whether a firm’s engagement in CSR activities indeed leads to improving the firm’s performance. Through such investigations, the CSR literature has acknowledged that there are still many issues to explore in the CSR–CFP link. The current study, therefore, is to investigate what has been done in the TH literature regarding the CSR–CFP link in the 2000s and further to provide future directions for the CSR–CFP link.
STUDY ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE LEAVES OF DICRANOPTERIS LINEARIS (BURM. F.) UNDERW.

Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. F.) Underw. được ứng dụng rộng rãi trong y học cổ truyền ở các nước châu Á với các công dụng như điều trị loét, nhọt, các triệu chứng dị ứng và rối loạn hô hấp… Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm khảo sát hóa thực vật của lá cây Dicranopteris linearis mọc ở Lâm Đồng. Bột lá khô Dicranopteris linearis được điều chế thành cao thô. Sau đó, thực hiện chiết lỏng – lỏng cao thô thu được các cao có độ phân cực khác nhau. Cao EA được tiến hành sắc kí cột để cô lập bốn hợp chất. Cấu trúc hóa học của các hợp chất được xác định bằng các phương pháp phổ nghiệm kết hợp so sánh với tài liệu tham khảo. Bốn hợp chất trên bao gồm ba hợp chất flavonols, isoquercetin (1), quercetin (2) và kaempferol (3) và một hợp chất sterol, stigmast-5,22-dien-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). Hợp chất 4 lần đầu tiên được biết có hiện diện trong lá cây Dicranopteris linearis.
MOTIVIC EULER CHARACTERISTICS AND WITT-VALUED CHARACTERISTIC CLASSES

This paper examines Euler characteristics and characteristic classes in the motivic setting. We establish a motivic version of the Becker–Gottlieb transfer, generalizing a construction of Hoyois. Making calculations of the Euler characteristic of the scheme of maximal tori in a reductive group, we prove a generalized splitting principle for the reduction from $\operatorname{GL}_{n}$ or $\operatorname{SL}_{n}$ to the normalizer of a maximal torus (in characteristic zero). Ananyevskiy’s splitting principle reduces questions about characteristic classes of vector bundles in $\operatorname{SL}$ -oriented, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ -invertible theories to the case of rank two bundles. We refine the torus-normalizer splitting principle for $\operatorname{SL}_{2}$ to help compute the characteristic classes in Witt cohomology of symmetric powers of a rank two bundle, and then generalize this to develop a general calculus of characteristic classes with values in Witt cohomology.
Covariant Poisson equation with compact Lie algebras

The covariant Poisson equation for Lie algebra-valued mappings defined on R3 is studied using functional analytic methods. Weighted covariant Sobolev spaces are defined and used to derive sufficient conditions for the existence and smoothness of solutions to the covariant Poisson equation. These conditions require, apart from suitable continuity, appropriate local Lp integrability of the gauge potential and global weighted Lp integrability of the curvature form and the source. The possibility of nontrivial asymptotic behavior of a solution is also considered. As a by-product, weighted covariant generalizations of Sobolev embeddings are established.
Component predictions and the relaxation spectrum of the double reptation mixing rule for polydisperse linear flexible polymers

General, experimentally verifiable predictions of individual component behavior of linear flexible polymers in arbitrary molecular weight distributions are derived from the double reptation mixing rule. The distribution of stress/orientation among the different components of the molecular weight distribution during steady deformation and constrained elastic recovery are developed for the case of a single exponential monodisperse relaxation function. The des Cloizeaux ‘‘double reptation’’ model and the Tsenoglou network model are shown to be equivalent and the precise relationship between the model parameters is determined. Distinct contributions to the relaxation process from the separate mechanisms of reptation and matrix relaxation (constraint release) are identified. Experimental relaxation spectra of bidisperse blends of nearly monodisperse polybutadienes reveal a cascade of discrete peaks in the terminal zone that are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions from the double reptation mix.
Repositório ISCTE-IUL Deposited in Repositório ISCTE-IUL : 2020-1002 Deposited version :

We consider smooth solutions of the wave equation, on a fixed black hole region of a subextremal Reissner-Nordström (asymptotically flat, de Sitter or anti-de Sitter) spacetime, whose restrictions to the event horizon have compact support. We provide criteria, in terms of surface gravities, for the waves to remain in C, l > 1, up to and including the Cauchy horizon. We also provide sufficient conditions for the blow up of solutions in C and H.
On the Nature of Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Tail of Soft Gamma Repeater Giant Flares

A model is presented for the quasi-periodic component of magnetar emission during the tail phase of giant flares. The model invokes modulation of the particle number density in the magnetosphere. The magnetospheric currents are modulated by torsional motion of the surface, and we calculate that the amplitude of neutron star (NS) surface oscillation should be ~1% of the NS radius in order to produce the observed features in the power spectrum. Using an axisymmetric analytical model for structure of the magnetosphere of an oscillating NS, we calculate the angular distribution of the optical depth to the resonant Compton scattering. The anisotropy of the optical depth may be why quasi-periodic oscillations are observed only at particular rotational phases.
Classification of broken Lefschetz fibrations with small fiber genera

In this article, we generalize the classification of genus one Lefschetz fibrations to genus one simplified broken Lefschetz fibrations, which have fibers of genera one and zero. We classify genus one Lefschetz fibrations over the 2-disk with certain non-trivial global monodromies using chart descriptions, and identify the 4-manifolds admitting genus one simplified broken Lefschetz fibrations.
SHAPE OPTIMIZATION IN SHELL THEORY: Design Sensitivity of the Continuous Problem

Abstract We consider a non-shallow shell made of an isotropic homogeneous material, working in linear elastic conditions, subjected to a given load. Our aim is to change the shape of the shell so that it resists better towards a given criterion. By shape, we mean essentially the midsurface of the shell. The thickness could be added without any difficulty. The important aspect that we study here is the midsurface. This problem is worked by gradient type methods. We prove that if the criterion depends on the displacement field through a differentiable function, then it depends on the shape in a differentiable manner, because the displacement field is a differentiable function of the shape. Then we present an analytical formula giving the exact gradient of the criteria before any discretization. After that, we explain how to compute numerically an approximation to this exact gradient. Then we give numerical results.
Late Permian radiolarians from the ‘Middle‐Upper Devonian’ in the Paqiu area of the Changning‐Menglian Belt, western Yunnan, China and their bearings on analysing the remains of the Palaeo‐Tethys

The Changning‐Menglian Belt in western Yunnan, China, is one of the key regions to decode the evolution of Palaeo‐Tethys. However, the work has been hampered considerably by the loose definition and composite nature of some stratigraphic units in the belt. These units normally have varied lithological components (slices of sequences), most of which yield scarce fossils. An example is the ‘Middle‐Upper Devonian (D2‐3)’ unit, which was established to accommodate a series of cherts, shales, siltstones and sandstones, occurring rather frequently in the central zone of the Belt. Its age assignment was mainly based on the Late Devonian conodonts from some siliceous shale intervals. However, the ‘D2‐3’ unit contains strata of ages other than Middle‐Late Devonian, as has been indicated by a few studies in the Chahe‐Manxin area. The Late Permian radiolarians have been obtained from bedded cherts of the ‘D2‐3’ in Paqiu area which provided the first solid evidence for the presence of Late Permian beds in the ‘D2‐3’ in this area. Radiolarians from two chert outcrops about 3 km apart can be assigned to two Wuchiapingian‐Changhsingian assemblages, namely, the Albaillella levis and Albaillella protolevis assemblages, respectively, with the former being slightly younger than the latter. Statistical analysis of Permian radiolarians from different localities in the Belt shows that Late Permian radiolarians are much commoner than Middle Permian radiolarians and Early Permian radiolarians. A review of the taxonomical composition of Late Permian radiolarians of the Belt shows that faunas from different localities can be classed into three groups, according to their contents of albaillellaians, latentifistularians, entactinarians and spumellarians, whose depositional environments correspond respectively to deep water (>500 m), intermediate water (200–500 m), and shallow water depths (<200 m). Such a composition indicates that the Late Permian radiolarian‐bearing siliceous rocks in the Changning‐Menglian Belt are slices from various palaeogeographic settings.
Geometry of shrinking Ricci solitons

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the curvature behavior of four-dimensional shrinking gradient Ricci solitons. For such a soliton $M$ with bounded scalar curvature $S$, it is shown that the curvature operator $\text{Rm}$ of $M$ satisfies the estimate $|\text{Rm}|\leqslant cS$ for some constant $c$. Moreover, the curvature operator $\text{Rm}$ is asymptotically nonnegative at infinity and admits a lower bound $\text{Rm}\geqslant -c(\ln (r+1))^{-1/4}$, where $r$ is the distance function to a fixed point in $M$. As an application, we prove that if the scalar curvature converges to zero at infinity, then the soliton must be asymptotically conical. As a separate issue, a diameter upper bound for compact shrinking gradient Ricci solitons of arbitrary dimension is derived in terms of the injectivity radius.
Flat so(p,q)-connections for manifolds of non-Euclidean signature

The well-known fact that S1, S3 and S7 are parallelizable manifolds admitting flat connections is revisited. The role of torsion in the construction of those flat connections is made explicit, and the possibilities allowed by different metric signatures are examined. A necessary condition for parallelizability in an open region is that the torsion tensor must be covariantly constant. This property can be used to obtain a relation between a torsion-free and flat connections. Our treatment covers Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian (non-Euclidean signature) hyperbolic manifolds of dimensions three and seven. Apart from the spherical cases mentioned above, the explicit flat connections with and p − q = 1 are constructed for the coset manifolds .
An autocorrelation and a discrete spectrum for dynamical systems on metric spaces

We study dynamical systems $(X,G,m)$ with a compact metric space $X$ , a locally compact, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ -compact, abelian group $G$ and an invariant Borel probability measure $m$ on $X$ . We show that such a system has a discrete spectrum if and only if a certain space average over the metric is a Bohr almost periodic function. In this way, this average over the metric plays, for general dynamical systems, a similar role to that of the autocorrelation measure in the study of aperiodic order for special dynamical systems based on point sets.
Satellite and ground‐based observations of a red arc

Simultaneous observations carried out during the red-arc period of Aug. 8-9, 1970 at Richland, Washington and by the Ogo 6 satellite are examined in the light of the present-day theoretical knowledge. The observed formation of the arc at the electron temperature peak and density trough supports the thermal-conduction theory of red-arc formation. The lack of dc electric fields in the red-arc region rules out these fields as an excitation mechanism. Particle precipitation as a direct source of red-line emission can also be ruled out by the observations presented. The formation of the arc in the plasmapause region and the detection of low-frequency ac fields are consistent with a theory that predicts wave-particle interaction at the plasmapause as a mechanism for supplying thermal energy to the plasmasphere electrons.