Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The application of 3D-microprofilometry as a tool in the surface diagnosis of fossil and sub-fossil vertebrate hard tissue. An example from the Pliocene Upper Laetolil Beds, Tanzania

Non-contact optical 3D-profiling instruments are often used in the study of surface modifications on fossil mammalian bone. The advantage of optical laser scanning for the study of fossil and sub-fossil bone is its non-contact nature, allowing the investigation of fragile and poorly preserved surfaces. The high resolution and fast measuring rate of this method make it an alternative to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation if topography is to be visualized. This study analyses clusters of incisions in a suid humeral fragment from the Pliocene Upper Laetolil Beds. The marks show a characteristic crest structure that is also frequently found in mandible marks produced by the Australian termite species Mastotermes darwiniensis. The marks from the Laetolil Beds are, therefore, interpreted as also being caused by insect mandible action. An as yet unknown large insect species capable of modifying bone with their mandibles is thus postulated in the palaeohabitat represented by the hominid-bearing Upper Laetolil Beds. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altıncı Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Problem Kurma Becerilerinin İncelenmesi: Bir Durum Çalışması

Bu calismanin amaci ortaokul altinci sinif ogrencilerinin dogal sayilarda dort islem yapmayi gerektiren farkli problem kurma durumlarindaki becerilerinin ve problem kurmaya yonelik goruslerinin incelenmesidir. Nitel arastirma yontemlerinden durum calismasinin tercih edildigi bu calismanin katilimcilari ortaokul altinci sinif duzeyinde ogrenim goren 15 ogrenciden olusmaktadir. Calismanin veri toplama surecinde ilk olarak farkli problem kurma durumlarini iceren ve dogal sayilarda dort islem konusunu temel alan 10 soruluk problem kurma testi kullanilmistir. Ardindan ogrencilerle yari yapilandirilmis gorusmeler gerceklestirilerek ogrencilerin matematik problemine ve problem kurmaya yonelik dusunceleri incelenmistir. Problem kurma testinden elde edilen veriler, testi degerlendirme rubrigiyle analiz edilmistir. Verilen cevaplar ilk olarak “bos”, “problem degil” ve “problem” olarak siniflandirilmistir. Ardindan problem oldugu belirlenen cevaplar Ada ve Ozturk’un (2019) ortaya koydugu rubrikte yer alan “dil”, “problemin kompleksligi” ve “cozulebilirlik” boyutlarindaki olcutlere gore degerlendirilerek analiz edilmistir. Ogrencilerle yapilan gorusmelerden elde edilen veriler ise betimsel analiz yapilarak incelenmistir. Calismanin sonuclarina gore ogrencilerinin bir kismi sorulari bos birakirken, daha buyuk bir kismi ise sorulara cevap vermis olmasina ragmen problem cumlesi olusturamamistir. Buna ek olarak ogrencilerin problem kavramina iliskin dusuncelerinde birtakim hatalar belirlenmistir. Ogrenciler en fazla secme durumunda problem kurabilirken, serbest problem kurma durumunda oldukca az sayida problem kurabilmistir. Calisma kapsaminda ogrenci goruslerine yonelik bulgular ele alindiginda ise problem kurmanin bilissel acidan problemi anlamaya yardimci oldugu ve islemsel ifadeleri ya da matematiksel konuyu anlamlandirmaya katki sagladigi belirlenmistir. Ayni zamanda problem kurmanin duyussal acidan problemlere karsi onyargiyi azaltarak ogrencilerde olumlu tutum olusturdugu ve ogrencilerin matematige yonelik tutumlarini da etkileyerek onlari derse yakinlastirdigi tespit edilmistir. Calismanin sonuclari dogrultusunda, yapilacak arastirmalara ve egitim paydaslarina birtakim onerilerde bulunulmustur.
The Effects of Budgetary Participation, Budgetary Slack, Authority Delegation, and Organizational Commitment on Managerial Performance on Local Government in Lampung, Indonesia

Abstract This paper aims to demonstrate whether budgetary participation, budgetary slack, authority delegation and or- ganizational commitment positively affect managerial performance of local government work unit. This empirical study is conducted with local government work unit in district/city in Lampung Province, uses primary data by distributing questionnaires to 601 respondents, and tested by using SME. The study result proves that participa- tioninbudgetingpreparation,budgetaryslack,authoritydelegation,andorganizationalcommitmentwillincrease managerial performance of local government work unit in Lampung District/City.
Effect of irrigation on leaf gas exchange and yield of cashew in northern Australia

Gas exchange, leaf water status, soil water use and nut yield of cashew trees were monitored during the reproductive phase in 2 consecutive years (1988 and 1989). Treatment 1 comprised continuous irrigation from the end of the wet season in April until harvest in October; T2, irrigation between flowering (mid June) and harvest; and T3, no irrigation. Irrigation was applied by under-tree sprinkler at 43 mm/week in 1988 and 64 mm/week in 1989. Measurement of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll content and nut production showed that trees in T2 were as productive as those in T1 (>1.3 kg kernel/tree). In T3, water deficit caused a 4-fold reduction in leaf photosynthesis and reduced leaf chlorophyll content from about 600 to 400 mg/m2 during fruit development. There was no effect on the number of hermaphrodite flowers produced (both ranging from 0 to 15 hermaphrodite flowers/panicle) but the water deficit was associated with a lower kernel yield (1.16 kg kernel/tree). Commercial yields (kg kernel/tree) in irrigated treatments were 20% greater than in the non-irrigated treatment and the kernels from irrigated trees were of a higher grade (kernel recovery >32% in T1 and T2 compared with 27.4% in T3). These results suggest that irrigation of established cashew plantations in the tropical regions of northern Australia can be restricted to the period between flowering and harvest without reducing yield.
Land consumption in Italy

ABSTRACT This paper illustrates a land consumption map for Italy (year 2017) at a scale 1:1,300,000, and the assessment of its changes (2012–2017). We define land consumption as the replacement of a non-artificial land cover to an artificial land cover, both permanent and no-permanent. The maps are a 10 m spatial resolution raster, produced by photointerpretation of very high resolution images and semiautomatic classification of high resolution remote sensing images. An overall accuracy of 97.7% for the map of 2012 and of 99.66% for the map of 2017 was obtained. The results suggest that the method proposed is appropriate to detect land consumption, both for the urban densification and for the sprawling phenomena, from national to local level. Furthermore, because of the high spatial resolution and the classification scheme adopted, it is suitable for an effective monitoring system, compared to other existing classification systems or monitoring programs.
Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Ilio-Sacral Fixation Technique for Sacral Fractures in The Initial Twenty Cases at Department of Neurosurgery in Alexandria University

Background Data: Sacral fractures constitute a major entity of pelvic fractures. 50% of these sacral fractures are not recognized on initial physical examination of the traumatized patients. The most important prognostic factor in management of sacral fractures is the presence or absence of neurological deficit. Some studies adopt the concern regarding fixation of sacral fractures in poly-traumatized patients to avoid systemic effects and complications of recumbency. Purpose: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the minimally invasive percutaneous ilio-sacral fixation technique in management of initial twenty cases of sacral fractures at department of Neurosurgery in Alexandria University. Study Design: Retrospective clinical case cohort study. Patients and Methods: Between March 2017 and January 2019; 20 patients were presented at Neurosurgery Department in Alexandria University hospitals with traumatic sacral fractures. They were 13 males and 7 females with the mean of 34 years (ranged from 18-55 years). Plain X ray of pelvis including antero-posterior, inlet and outlet views of pelvis, CT scan with 3D reconstructions were done. We used Dennis classification and Roy-Camille classification in our study. Stabilization of sacral fracture was done percutaneously using 7 mm cannulated partially threaded ilio-sacral screws. Clinical, neurologic and radiographic examinations were performed in the follow up period (6 months) to assess healing, evaluate clinical improvement and to detect any implant changes. Results: Total 39 percutaneous ilio-sacral screws were placed in 20 patients. Partially threaded cancellous 7.0-millimeter cannulated screws were used. Fifteen patients had unilateral double screws; one patient had unilateral triple screws; two patients had bilateral single screws for bilateral sacral fracture and two patients had unilateral single screw. Two Misplaced screws out of thirty-nine screws were found in the post-operative CT. One patient developed post-operative foot drop. All fractures healed clinically and radio-graphically except one case fixed by single screw and did not show radiological healing. Conclusion: Percutaneous ilio-sacral fixation for sacral fractures is a safe minimally invasive method for management of sacral fractures. It is effective regarding pain relief with high fusion rate. It needs a long learning curve. Single screw fixation is not a rigid fixation and may lead to hardware failure. (2019ESJ193)
Medium to large-sized mammals in agricultural landscapes of south-eastern Brazil

Abstract We determined the patterns of distribution and abundance of medium to large-sized mammals on an agricultural landscape in south-eastern Brazil. Here, we discuss some management recommendations to improve the conservation value of agricultural landscapes. From July 2003 to June 2004 we surveyed 284.4 km transects searching for tracks and visualizations of mammals in the main environments of an agricultural landscape in south-eastern Brazil. We recorded 25 native species, two exotic and six domestic species in the area: 23 species on native forest fragments, 19 on sugarcane plantations, 17 on eucalyptus plantations, and 12 on pasture areas. There were significant differences in species richness and frequency of occurrence among these environments. Pasture areas had the lowest species richness and sugarcane plantations the greatest frequency of occurrence. Some species are associated with open areas, whereas other species are associated with forested habitats. Although a considerable part of the original mammal diversity is still present, the community found is predominantly composed of species able to adapt to environmental alterations. Therefore, to improve the conservation value of agricultural landscapes in south-eastern Brazil, the maintenance of native forest fragments is essential, in addition to mitigation measures of the various agricultural impacts.
The effect of toe-tap exercise on abductor hallucis activity and medial longitudinal arch angle in individuals with pes planus

BACKGROUND: Active interventions for pes planus, including short-foot exercises (SF) and toe-spread-out exercises (TSO), aim to continuously support the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) by activating the abductor hallucis (AbdH) muscle. However, compensatory movements, such as ankle supination and/or plantar flexion, often occur during these exercises. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of a novel exercise, i.e., the toe-tap (TT) exercise on AbdH activity and MLA angle. METHODS: A total of 16 participants with pes planus participated in this study. Participants performed SF, TSO, and TT exercises. Electromyographic activity of the AbdH and MLA angle during three AbdH contraction exercises were recorded using surface EMG system and digital image analysis program, respectively. The differences in outcome measures among the three exercises were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: The EMG activity of the AbdH was significantly greater during the TT exercise compared to the SF and TSO exercises. The MLA angle was significantly smaller during the TT exercise compared with the SF and TSO exercises. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the TT exercise could be effective in activating the AbdH and increasing height of the MLA, as part of a sports rehabilitation program for individuals with pes planus.
Conjugally Transferable Phage Resistance Activities from Lactococcus lactis DRC1

Abstract Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis strain HID600 is a phage-resistant transconjugant produced by mating HID113 (an antibiotic-resistant variant of plasmid-free strain LM0230) with L. lactis ssp. lactis strain DRC1. Analysis of HID600 revealed that it had conjugally acquired phage resistance, bacteriocin production, proteolytic activity, and a 131-kb plasmid. The interaction of phages c2 and sk1 with HID113 and HID600 was studied. Plaque assays indicated that only about 12.5% of c2 infections of HID600 produced infective centers and that c2 infections of HID600 had a longer latent period and smaller average burst size than did infections of HID113. Less than . 2% of sk1 infections of HID600 were apparently productive; no burst was detected. The resistance to phage infection involved restriction-modification and abortive infection effects. Such resistance might be useful in the construction of cheese starter strains with reduced susceptibility to phage infection, although phage variants able to infect HID600 with increased efficiency were observed.
Prey trait analysis shows differences in summer feeding habitat use between wild YOY Atlantic salmon and brown trout

Abstract We evaluated the vertical use of the water column for feeding by young of the year (YOY) of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (S. salar) in a natural river during the summer. Prey trait analysis and diet composition demonstrated that brown trout showed a higher ability to feed on prey in the surface of the water column than Atlantic salmon. Hence, the differences in the ability to feed at different depths of the water column (surface vs. bottom) are important adaptive features that may reduce interspecific competition between the two sympatric fish species. Finally, results derived from the prey trait analysis provide useful information on resource partitioning between sympatric salmonid species.
O Doce Sabor da Influência da Personalidade de Marca no Relacionamento com Clientes no Mercado de Chocolates

Objetivo: Avaliar a relacao entre a personalidade de marca e a percepcao do relacionamento com o cliente em relacao as marcas de chocolates que atuam no Brasil . Metodo: Um total de 528 questionarios foram aplicados com consumidores de chocolate. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Modelagem por Equacoes Estruturais. As escalas de personalidade de marca e de escala de relacionamento com o cliente foram submetidas a Analise Fatorial Confirmatoria e, posteriormente, a Analise de Caminhos. Originalidade/Relevância: A contribuicao academica deste artigo consiste em preencher uma lacuna na literatura concernente a analise da relacao entre personalidade de marca e marketing de relacionamento em um setor pouco estudado (mercado de chocolates), mas com grande apelo de marketing. Resultados: Os resultados coligidos mostraram que as dimensoes de personalidade de marca Credibilidade, Sofisticacao e Audacia foram as melhores preditoras do Relacionamento com Clientes de chocolates. Contribuicoes teoricas/metodologicas: Como implicacao gerencial, os resultados podem ser utilizados pelos profissionais de marketing do ramo de chocolates no sentido de desenharem suas estrategias de maneira mais direcionada e efetiva a fim de construir um relacionamento de longo prazo com seus consumidores. No que tange as contribuicoes teoricas, o artigo avanca na linha de pesquisa, ainda incipiente, de investigacao de antecedentes do relacionamento com clientes, ratificando o importante poder preditivo da personalidade de marca.
Evaluation of a mechanistic approach to mixedwood modelling

Mixed conifer–broadleaf forests (mixedwoods), covering more than a third of the productive forest landbase in BC, are highly valuable both as sources of fibre and as areas rich in biodiversity. In recognition of the multiple benefits of this forest type, management paradigms have transitioned from a focus on promoting conifer plantations in mixedwood areas to the management of intimate mixtures. The exceptionally dynamic growth properties and species interactions in mixedwood forests present a challenge for projecting the growth and development of different types of mixedwoods and their response to different silviculture systems. Here we evaluate the ability of a mechanistic forest growth model (FORECAST) to project patterns of stand growth and dynamics in two mixedwood forest types subjected to different silvicultural treatments. Model output is compared against field measurements from long-term silviculture trials in the Sub Boreal Spruce (SBS)—18 years, and Interior Cedar Hemlock (ICH)—10 years, biogeo.
Aerial survey of the dugong (Dugong dugon Muller 1776) in coastal waters of the Lease Islands, East Inodonesia

During December 1990 and August 1992, aerial surveys of dugongs were made along the coastlines of the Lease Islands in East Indonesia. The aerial surveys followed a strip transect covering the coastal shelf and totalled 3.5 h of observation. During the first survey, 17 dugongs were observed, one of which was a neonatal calf; during the second survey, 10 dugongs were seen but no neonates. The minimum population of dugongs was estimated to be between 22 and 37 animals. The population probably interacts with a larger unidentified reservoir of dugongs in the coastal waters of nearby Seram and Buru Islands.
Development and Fecundity of the White Peach Scale at Two Constant Temperatures

White peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti), required a minimum of 110.8 days to complete a generation at 13.3 @+ 2@*C and 40.4 days at 26.4 @+ 0.3@*C. Adult maturation and oviposition encompassed the longest intervals. Females began laying eggs 50 days after molting to the adult at 13.3@*C and 16 days at 26.4@*C. The period of oviposition by the cohort spanned 54 and 20 days, respectively, at 13.3 and 26.4@*C.
The effect of incubation temperature on steady-state concentrations of hydrogen and volatile fatty acids during anaerobic degradation in slurries from wetland sediments

Increasing the incubation temperature of two swamp slurries from 2°C to37°C resulted in a 8- to 18-fold increase in the H2 partial pressure. The concentration of volatile fatty acids remained fairly constant except for butyrate, which decreased with increasing temperature. Calculation of Gibbs free energies of syntrophic degradation of butyrate and propionate, and of methanogenesis from acetate and H2 revealed that these reactions were exergonic after the slurries had stabilized at the incubation temperatures. The changes in H2 partial pressure and butyrate concentration with temperature were found important to render the processes exergonic within the tested temperature range.
‘Upon the gears and upon the wheels’: Terror convergence and total administration in the neoliberal university

University governance is becoming increasingly autocratic as marketization intensifies. Far from the classical ideal of a professional collegium run according to academic norms, today’s universities feature corporate cultures and senior leadership teams disconnected from both staff and students, and intolerant of dissenting views. This is not a completely new phenomenon. In 1960s America, senior leaders developed a technocratic and managerialist model of the university, in keeping with theories around the ‘convergence’ of socio-economic systems towards a pluralist ‘industrial society’. This administrative-managerial vision was opposed by radical students, triggering punitive responses that reflected how universities’ control measures were at the time mostly aimed at students. Today, their primary target is academics. Informed by Critical Theory and based on an autoethnographic account of a university restructuring programme, we argue that the direction of convergence in universities has not been towards liberal, pluralist, democracy but towards neo-Stalinist organizing principles. Performance measurements – ‘targets and terror’ – are powerful mechanisms for the expansion of managerial power or, in Marcuse’s words, ‘total administration’. Total administration in the contemporary university damages teaching, learning, workplace democracy and freedom of speech on campus, suggesting that the critique of university autocracy by 1960s students and scholars remains highly relevant.
Effect of N-Methylacetamide Concentration on the Fertility and Hatchability of Cryopreserved Ogye Rooster Semen

Poutry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan 330-801, KoreaABSTRACT To preserve chicken genetic materials like cryopreserved spermatozoa, various kinds of freezing agents like glycerol, dimethylsuloxide, dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide have been used for rooster semen preparation. Recently, the usage of N-methylacetamide (MA) for Ogye rooster semen preservation resulted in hatched chicken successfully. In this study, we investigated the effects of 7, 9 and 11% of MA on the viability, fertility and hatchability of frozen-thawed rooster semen using artificial insemination. The results of viability, fertility and hatchability in frozen semen with 7%, 9% or 11% MA were 35.16±6.12%, 67.83±15.3% and 66.2±16.3% of motile sperm rate, 21.5%, 34.7% and 25% of fertility rate, and 100%, 89.5% and 87.5% of hatchability rate. The results of control group with frozen semen were 96.0% of fertility rate and 92.2% of hatchability rate. With these results, the concentration range of MA as a freezing agent of rooster semen could be 79% of media. The higher concentration of 9 % MA could decrease the fertility rate of thawed semen not the rate of hatchability rate. So the use of MA without affecting fertility rate would be a key point of freezing method of rooster semen for poultry genetic resource preservation. (Key words : Ogye, cryopreservation, N-methylacetamide, semen)
Responses of the H1 Neuron of the Fly to Contrast and Moving Bars

The responses of the H1 neuron of the fly were measured as a function of contrast. The stimuli were either transient jumps of edges, bar and regular stripes, or smooth movements of these patterns. The directional motion-sensitive system saturates with respect to contrast at low contrast levels, showing that it is adapted to detecting small contrasts rather than measuring them over the whole range, and suggesting that linear calculations cannot be based on responses to sine-wave stimulation. Below saturation the response is not related to the square of the contrast, suggesting that multiplication of the stimulus intensity at neighbouring receptors is not a significant component of the motion processing mechanism. The short-term memory of the previous state, that is essential for motion detection, takes longer to build up at lower contrast and the effects of contrast are independent of pattern. The same conclusion is also suggested by the effect of the width of a smoothly moving bar upon the responses of the H1 neuron as a function of angular velocity. The results are interpreted in terms of the (as yet unknown) spatio-temporal fields of unit motion-detecting neurons, along the lines of the template model for transient stimuli (Horridge 1990) rather than in terms of correlation of the visual image with itself.