Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey of gyrodactylid parasites on the fins of Homatula variegata in central China

In this study, two parasites on the fins of Homatula variegata were recorded from March to September 2016. A dissection mirror was used to examine the distribution and quantity of the ectoparasitic Gyrodactylus sp. and Paragyrodactylus variegatus on the host Homatula variegata in different seasons. The present study explored possible explanations for the site specificity of gyrodactylid parasites in 442 Homatula variegata infected with 4307 Gyrodactylus sp. (species identification is incomplete, only characterized to the genus level) and 1712 Paragyrodactylus variegatus. These two gyrodactylid parasites were collected from fish fins, and the fish were harvested in China's Qinling Mountains.The results indicated that the highest number of Gyrodactylus sp. , which was numerically the dominant species, appeared on the fish fins in April, while the highest number of Paragyrodactylus variegatus was found on the fish fins in March. The two parasite species appeared to be partitioned spatially, with Gyrodactylus sp. occurring more frequently on pectoral and pelvic fins, and P. variegatus occurring more frequently on caudal fins. However, Gyrodactylus sp. appeared to occur on fish of all lengths, while P. variegatus tended to occur more abundantly on shorter fish rather than on longer fish. At lower Gyrodactylus sp. infection levels (<100), the pelvic and pectoral fins were the main locations of attachment, followed by the dorsal fin. For infections of more than 100 parasites, more samples of Gyrodactylus sp. were located on the pectoral fin. For a low number of Paragyrodactylus variegatus infections (<100), the pelvic and pectoral fins were the preferred locations of attachment, followed by the caudal fin. Between April and September, there were many monogenean parasites on fish fins, and the fish size was within the range of 5–10 cm. However, when a fish was longer than 10 cm long, the number of parasites on its fins greatly decreased.
Sesquiterpenes and Cyclodepsipeptides from Marine-Derived Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Their Antagonistic Activities against Soil-Borne Pathogens

Soil-borne pathogens, including phytopathogenic fungi and root-knot nematodes, could synergistically invade vegetable roots and result in serious economic losses. The genus of Trichoderma has been proven to be a promising reservoir of biocontrol agents in agriculture. In this study, the search for antagonistic metabolites from a marine-derived fungus, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, obtained two structural series of sesquiterpenes 1–6 and cyclodepsipeptides 7–9. Notably, the novel 1 was a rare norsesquiterpene characterized by an unprecedented tricyclic-6/5/5-[4.3. 1.01,6]-decane skeleton. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, while the absolute configuration of novel 1 was determined by the comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The novel 1 and known 2 and 3 showed significant antifungal activities against Colletotrichum lagrnarium with MIC values of 8, 16, and 16 μg/mL respectively, even better than those of the commonly used synthetic fungicide carbendazim with 32 μg/mL. They also exhibited antifungal potential against carbendazim-resistant Botrytis cinerea. Cyclodepsipeptides 7–9 showed moderate nematicidal activities against the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). This study constitutes the first report on the antagonistic effects of metabolites from T. Longibrachiatum against soil-borne pathogens, also highlighting the integrated antagonistic potential of marine-derived T. Longibrachiatum as a biocontrol agent.
Early-onset androgenetic alopecia in China: a descriptive study of a large outpatient cohort

Objective To describe the clinical features of early-onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in a large cohort of Chinese patients. Methods This descriptive study recruited consecutive patients seeking medical treatment for AGA between 1 January 2013 and 30 November 2018. Patients were included in the study if they reported being ≤35 years old at AGA onset and if their pattern of hair loss was documented with photographs. The age of onset, sex, body mass index (BMI), BAsic and SPecific classification of hair loss and family history of alopecia were collected in an electronic database. Results A total of 3897 patients with early-onset AGA were recruited to the study. The majority of patients (70.6%; 2751 of 3897) were 21–30 years old and male (72.7%; 2834 of 3897). No association was found between high BMI (≥25 kg/m2) and early-onset AGA. There were significantly more overweight male AGA patients than overweight female patients (86.8% [632 of 728] versus 13.2% [96 of 728], respectively). The overall prevalence of familial AGA was 72.8% (2837 of 3897) and the condition was inherited more often from the father (52.8%; 1498 of 2837) than from the mother (24.3%; 688 of 2837). Conclusions Early-onset AGA primarily affects male patients between 21–30 years of age. Males with early-onset AGA are likely to have inherited AGA from their fathers.
Effects of Different Crude Protein and Dietary Fiber Levels on the Comparative Energy and Nutrient Utilization in Sows and Growing Pigs

Simple Summary Accurate evaluation of the nutritional values of ingredients fed to sows is highly valuable in swine production, and those values should be kept updated with the genetic improvement of sows. In the feedstuff tables of NRC (2012), the same available energy value was assigned for growing pigs and adult sows for the same ingredient, whereas two different values were used in the feedstuff tables published in China and France (INRA). More research and efforts are required to solve these conflicts, while data gained from animal trials are limited currently. Therefore, we determined and compared the nutritional values of eight ingredients fed to both growing pigs and adult sows, and found that sows had lower available energy and nutrient digestibility when fed soybean meal or cottonseed meal compared with growing pigs, and the crude protein content is a good predictor to estimate the available energy values of ingredients fed to sows based on the values measured from growing pigs. The results of the current study can facilitate the accurate formulation of sow diets. Abstract This study was conducted to determine and compare digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) values and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in eight ingredients fed to both growing pigs and sows. Two experiments with 48 crossbred barrows or six non-pregnant sows were allotted to eight treatments in a completely randomized design or a pseudo Latin square with six replicated pigs per dietary treatment. The dietary treatments were formulated with two cereal ingredients: corn and wheat; two ingredients with a high protein level and a low fiber level (HPLF): soybean meal (SBM) and cottonseed meal (CSM); two ingredients with medium protein level and medium fiber level (MPMF): corn distiller’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and corn germ meal (CGM); and two ingredients with a low protein level and a high fiber level (LPHF): wheat bran (WB) and palm kernel meal (PKM), respectively. Adult sows had greater DE and ME values and ATTD of energy and nutrients when fed cereal ingredients compared with growing pigs, and had lower DE and ME contents and ATTD of energy and nutrients except for acid detergent fiber (ADF) when fed HPLF ingredients compared with growing pigs. Moreover, no differences were observed between adult sows and growing pigs in DE and ME contents and ATTD of energy and nutrients when fed MPMF and LPHF ingredients, except that adult sows showed a greater ATTD of crude protein (CP) when fed MPMF ingredients compared with growing pigs. Our results indicate that sows had a lower available energy and nutrient digestibility when fed SBM or CSM compared with growing pigs. Crude protein contents in ingredients should be considered when predicting DE and ME values in sows based on the DE and ME values measured from growing pigs.
Applicability of the Øie‐Tozer model to predict three types of distribution volume (Vd) in humans: Vd in central compartment, Vd at steady state, and Vd at beta phase

This study aimed to investigate the applicability of the Øie‐Tozer model to predict human distribution volume (Vd) in the central compartment (V1), Vd at steady state (Vdss), and Vd at beta phase (Vdβ) based on animal Vd. Twenty compounds that have a human V1/Vdss of 0.053–0.66 were selected from the literature. After intravenous administration of the compounds at 0.1 mg/kg to rats, dogs, and monkeys, plasma concentrations were determined, and pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by one/two‐compartmental analyses. The human V1, Vdss, and Vdβ were predicted from animal Vd using the Øie‐Tozer model, and the predictability was compared with that using proportionality and simple allometry. The Øie‐Tozer model was the most reliable method for the overall prediction of Vd and applicable for accurately predicting human V1, Vdss, and Vdβ (89%, 85%, and 68% of the compounds within a 3‐fold error, respectively) when data of monkey for V1 and data of three animal species for Vdss and Vdβ were used. Additionally, the predicted human Vd with the two‐compartment model was applicable for predicting pharmacokinetic profiles/parameters in humans after intravenous administration of 18 compounds [except for valproic acid (monophasic elimination profile) and chlorpromazine (deviation: Vdss < V1)]. The prediction was more accurate than that using the predicted Vdss with the one‐compartment model (e.g., underestimation of maximum plasma concentrations: 2 vs 8 compounds within a 3‐fold error, respectively). In summary, the Øie‐Tozer model was applicable for predicting human V1, Vdss, and Vdβ, and their predicted Vd with the two‐compartment model can lead to accurate pharmacokinetic prediction of compounds that show biphasic elimination.
Epidemiology and injury patterns of aerial sports in Switzerland.

BACKGROUND Airborne sports have become more popular in recent years. The number of accidents has increased linearly as athletes take increasingly greater risks to experience the adventurous spirit of this kind of sports. AIM To investigate the variety of injuries in airborne sport accidents, as well as which acute treatment these patients receive, both before and after admission to a level-one-trauma center. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart analysis at a major level-one-trauma center in Switzerland for 235-patients who were admitted following airborne sports injuries between 2010 and 2017. Patients' demographic data, injury patterns, emergency primary care procedures and intra-hospital care were recorded. RESULTS Overall, 718-injuries in 235-patients were identified; the spine was the most commonly affected region with 46.5% of injuries (n = 334/718) in 143-patients. In 69-patients (15.5%), the (non-spine) thorax was affected, followed by the lower and upper extremity, pelvis, head/face and abdominal injuries. Eleven-patients had to be intubated at the trauma site. Three patients were resuscitated after onset of pulseless-electrical-activity. Two-patients died in the resuscitation room. In 116-cases, surgery was indicated including 55-emergency surgeries. Another 19 patients (8.1%) were transferred to the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION Paragliders are most commonly affected, although the highest injury severities were identified for Building, Antenna, Span and Earth-jumping athletes. First responders, treating physicians and pilots should be aware of the risk for potentially serious and life-threatening injury with an in-hospital mortality of 0.9%.
12‐Chemokine signature, a predictor of tumor recurrence in colorectal cancer

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) provide an immunological antineoplastic effect. Recent evidences link a unique 12‐chemokine (CCL2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐5, ‐8, ‐18, ‐19, ‐21, CXCL9, ‐10, ‐11, ‐13) signature status from tumor tissue and the TLS expression. However, the potential significance of 12‐chemokine signature status for clinical use is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of 12‐chemokine signature status with patient outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). We used integrated data of resected 975 CRC cases within three independent cohorts from France, Japan and the United States (GSE39582, KUMAMOTO from Kumamoto university hospital and TCGA). The association of 12‐chemokine signature status with clinicopathological features, patient outcome, TLS expression status and key tumor molecular features was analyzed. Patients with low 12‐chemokine signature status had a significant shorter relapse‐free survival in discovery cohort (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.11–2.39, p = 0.0123), which was confirmed in validation cohort (HR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.33–10.08, p = 0.0087). High 12‐chemokine signature status had significant associations with right‐sided tumor, high tumor‐localized TLS expression, BRAF mutant, CIMP‐high status and MSI‐high status. Furthermore, RNA‐seq based analysis showed that high 12‐chemokine signature status was strongly associated with inflammation‐related, immune cells‐related and apoptosis pathways (using gene set enrichment analysis), and more tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and myeloid dendritic cells (using MCP‐counter analysis). We investigated a promising effect of 12‐chemokine signature status in CRC patients who underwent resection. Our data may be helpful in developing novel immunological treatment strategies for CRC.
Type D personality and post-traumatic stress symptoms in adolescents – the mediating role of resilience

Purpose: Personality characteristics, including resilience, are understood to be among the factors determining the occurrence of negative consequences of exposure to trauma. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between type D personality, resilience and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents exposed to traumatic experiences, including the mediating role of resilience itself. Methods: The study involved 110 adolescents aged 17-18 years, of whom 99 (90%) declared experiencing at least one traumatic event in their lives. This group included 57 boys and 42 girls. Four measurement tools were used in the research, i.e. the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5), the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Type D Scale (DS-14) and the Resilience Assessment Scale. Results: The most frequent traumatic events reported by the examined adolescents were: transport accident, fire/explosion, and physical assault. Slightly more than 21% of respondents were revealed as having a high probability of developing PTSD symptoms. Both dimensions of type D personality, i.e. negative affectivity and social inhibition, are negatively related to resilience and positively with PTSD – the strongest with negative changes in the cognitive and emotional sphere. Resilience is negatively associated with PTSD and plays a mediating role in relation between social inhibition and PTSD. Conclusions: Reducing the severity of negative affectivity and social inhibition and increasing resilience may reduce the level of PTSD symptoms in adolescents exposed to the trauma.
Violence in intimate relationships in adolescents: effectiveness of an intervention by peers through forum theater.

OBJECTIVE The main goal was the peer evaluation of the effectiveness of a health education intervention, also seeking the characterization of violent behaviors experienced by teens in intimate relationships. METHOD A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was performed with a non-probabilistic sample of 197 teens of both genders without control group. The intervention performed consisted of one peer-run forum theater session about intimate violence in dating relationships of teens. RESULTS Boys reported being both victims and perpetrators of violent behaviors more frequently than girls. The sample reported more behaviors associated with victimization than perpetration. Girls showed a higher level of knowledge on the topic and this knowledge increased after the intervention. CONCLUSION Psychological violence is highly prevalent in dating relationships, particularly in cases of victimization. It seems essential to understand and act upon adolescents' perceptions about what violent behavior is. This study confirmed the effectiveness of health education in acquiring knowledge on this topic.
Therapeutic efficacy and limitations of potassium iodide for patients newly diagnosed with Graves' disease.

The efficacy of potassium iodide (KI) for Graves' disease (GD) has been reported, although few clinical reports have examined the long-term efficacy of treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and limitations of KI treatment for GD. This study enrolled patients newly diagnosed with mild GD, defined as free thyroxine (FT4) <5.0 ‍ng/dL, between July 2014 and June 2016. KI was started at a dose of 50 mg/day, and if FT4 values did not decrease after initiation of treatment, doses were increased to 100 mg/day. Patients for whom thyroid hormone levels could not be controlled with KI at 100 mg/day were regarded as non-responders. Of the 122 patients (13 males, 109 females) included in this study, 71 (58.2%) responded to KI therapy. The remaining 51 patients (41.8%) were non-responders. The median duration required to judge non-responsiveness was 5.9 months. Multiple logistic regression analysis performed on parameters measured at the initial visit indicated FT4 (odds ratio (OR) 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-3.75; p = 0.0007) and male sex (OR 3.58, 95%CI 1.04-12.3; p = 0.04) were significantly associated with KI responsiveness. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the relationship between FT4 and KI responsiveness indicated an FT4 cut-off of 2.76 ng/dL was optimal for differentiating between responders and non-responders. KI therapy was effective and safe for about 60% of patients with mild ‍GD.
Grouping behavior of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) and Tapanuli orangutans (Pongo tapanuliensis) living in forest with low fruit abundance

In contrast to the African great apes, orangutans (Pongo spp.) are semisolitary: Individuals are often on their own, but form aggregations more often than expected by chance. These temporary aggregations provide social benefits such as mating opportunities. When fruit availability is high, costs of aggregating should be lower, because competition is less pronounced. Therefore, average party size is expected to be higher when fruit availability is high. This hypothesis would also explain why orangutans in highly fruit‐productive habitats on Sumatra are more gregarious than in the usually less productive habitats of Borneo. Here, we describe the aggregation behavior of orangutans in less productive Sumatran habitats (Sikundur and Batang Toru), and compare results with those of previously surveyed field sites. Orangutans in Sikundur were more likely to form parties when fruit availability was higher, but the size of daily parties was not significantly affected by fruit availability. With regard to between‐site comparisons, average party sizes of females and alone time of parous females in Sikundur and Batang Toru were substantially lower than those for two previously surveyed Sumatran sites, and both fall in the range of values for Bornean sites. Our results indicate that the assessment of orangutans on Sumatra as being more social than those on Borneo needs revision. Instead, between‐site differences in sociality seem to reflect differences in average fruit availability.
ATM‐CHK2‐Beclin 1 axis promotes autophagy to maintain ROS homeostasis under oxidative stress

The homeostatic link between oxidative stress and autophagy plays an important role in cellular responses to a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions. However, the regulatory pathway and outcomes remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules that regulate autophagy through ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), a DNA damage response (DDR) pathway activated during metabolic and hypoxic stress. We report that CHK2 binds to and phosphorylates Beclin 1 at Ser90/Ser93, thereby impairing Beclin 1‐Bcl‐2 autophagy‐regulatory complex formation in a ROS‐dependent fashion. We further demonstrate that CHK2‐mediated autophagy has an unexpected role in reducing ROS levels via the removal of damaged mitochondria, which is required for cell survival under stress conditions. Finally, CHK2−/− mice display aggravated infarct phenotypes and reduced Beclin 1 p‐Ser90/Ser93 in a cerebral stroke model, suggesting an in vivo role of CHK2‐induced autophagy in cell survival. Taken together, these results indicate that the ROS‐ATM‐CHK2‐Beclin 1‐autophagy axis serves as a physiological adaptation pathway that protects cells exposed to pathological conditions from stress‐induced tissue damage.
Generation of an Fsp1 (fibroblast‐specific protein 1)‐Flpo transgenic mouse strain

Recombination systems represent a major breakthrough in the field of genetic model engineering. The Flp recombinases (Flp, Flpe, and Flpo) bind and cleave DNA Frt sites. We created a transgenic mouse strain ([Fsp1‐Flpo]) expressing the Flpo recombinase in fibroblasts. This strain was obtained by random insertion inside mouse zygotes after pronuclear injection. Flpo expression was placed under the control of the promoter of Fsp1 (fibroblast‐specific protein 1) gene, whose expression starts after gastrulation at Day 8.5 in cells of mesenchymal origin. We verified the correct expression and function of the Flpo enzyme by several ex vivo and in vivo approaches. The [Fsp1‐Flpo] strain represents a genuine tool to further target the recombination of transgenes with Frt sites specifically in cells of mesenchymal origin or with a fibroblastic phenotype.
Dynamic Evolution of Euchromatic Satellites on the X Chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster and the simulans Clade

Repeats are abundant in eukaryotic genomes and contribute to differences in genome size and organization among organisms. The large blocks of tandem repeats—satellite DNAs (satDNAs)—frequently found in regions of low recombination can turn over rapidly between species, with potential consequences for genome evolution and speciation. Short blocks of satDNA also exist in the euchromatin, where they are particularly abundant on the X chromosome. These euchromatic repeats can affect gene expression and some have roles dosage compensation. Despite their abundance and impact on important phenotypes, we know little about the detailed evolutionary dynamics and the processes that shape satDNA distributions in genomes over short evolutionary time scales. Here we use high-quality genome assemblies to study the evolutionary dynamics of satDNA across closely related species: Drosophila melanogaster and three species of the simulans clade (D. simulans, D. sechellia, and D. mauritiana). We focus on two complex satDNA families, Rsp-like and 1.688 gm/cm3. These repeats are highly dynamic in the heterochromatin, where their genomic location varies. We discovered that euchromatic repeats are similarly dynamic, changing in abundance, number of clusters, and composition within clusters, even across the simulans clade. While 1.688 is an old repeat family, Rsp-like has recently proliferated, spreading to new genomic locations across the X chromosome independently in D. simulans and D. mauritiana. We infer that extrachromosomal circular DNA integration and/or interlocus gene conversions resolved by microhomology-mediated repair pathways could account for satDNA proliferation in genomes. The divergence of repeat landscapes between species may have important consequences for genome evolution.