Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of CuO Nanoparticle Concentration on R134A/Lubricant Pool Boiling Heat Transfer | NIST

This paper quantifies the influence of copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticle concentration on the boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a roughened horizontal flat surface. Nanofluids are liquids that contain dispersed nanosize particles. Two lubricant-based nanofluids (nanolubricants) were made with a synthetic polyolester and 30 nm diameter CuO particles to 1% and 0.5% volume fractions, respectively. As reported in a previous study for the 1% volume fraction nanolubricant, a 0.5% nanolubricant mass fraction with R134a resulted in a heat transfer enhancement relative to the heat transfer of pure R134a/polyolester (99.5/0.5) between 50% and 275%. The same study had shown that increasing the mass fraction of the 1% volume fraction nanolubricant resulted in smaller, but significant, boiling heat transfer enhancements. The present study shows that the use of a nanolubricant with half the concentration of CuO nanoparticles (0.5% by volume) resulted in either no improvement or boiling heat transfer degradations with respect to the R134a/polyolester mixtures without nanoparticles. Consequently, significant refrigerant/lubricant boiling heat transfer enhancements are possible with nanoparticles; however, the nanoparticle concentration is an important determining factor. Further research with nanolubricants and refrigerants is required to establish a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that control nanofluid heat transfer.
Quantitative risk assessment‐epidemic curve prediction model for leafy green outbreak investigation

The objective of this study was to leverage quantitative risk assessment to investigate possible root cause(s) of foodborne illness outbreaks related to Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) infections in leafy greens in the United States. To this end, we developed the FDA leafy green quantitative risk assessment epidemic curve prediction model (FDA‐LG QRA‐EC) that simulated the lettuce supply chain. The model was used to predict the number of reported illnesses and the epidemic curve associated with lettuce contaminated with STEC O157 for a wide range of scenarios representing various contamination conditions and facility processing/sanitation practices. Model predictions were generated for fresh‐cut and whole lettuce, quantifying the differing impacts of facility processing and home preparation on predicted illnesses. Our model revealed that the timespan (i.e., number of days with at least one reported illness) and the peak (i.e., day with the most predicted number of reported illnesses) of the epidemic curve of a STEC O157‐lettuce outbreak were not strongly influenced by facility processing/sanitation practices and were indications of contamination pattern among incoming lettuce batches received by the facility or distribution center. Through comparisons with observed number of illnesses from recent STEC O157‐lettuce outbreaks, the model identified contamination conditions on incoming lettuce heads that could result in an outbreak of similar size, which can be used to narrow down potential root cause hypotheses.
Multiple drug resistant Enterococcus spp. causes disease and mortality in Zebra fish (Danio rerio)

The present report describes the isolation and identification of a multiple drug resistant Enterococcus spp. from diseased zebrafish from a commercial rearing facility in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently gained great significance as a vertebrate animal model, as its immune system is remarkably similar with that of the humans. However, zebrafish are still susceptible to microbial infection. Gram positive diplococci isolated from kidney was identified as Enterococcus spp. using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The Enterococcus spp. isolate was either resistant and or intermediately resistant to 14 antibiotics assessed by agar disc diffusion method. This communication is the first report on isolation and confirmation of Enterococcus spp. associated with disease and mortality in zebrafish.
Two-point correlations in high Reynolds number flat plate turbulent boundary layers

Two-point correlations of turbulent boundary layer are presented for Reθ of 9800 and 19,100. The results are based on wind tunnel measurements performed in the 30 cm thick boundary layer of the 21.6 m long LML (Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille) boundary layer research facility. Simultaneous hot-wire probe measurements of the entire boundary layer at 143 different points on an array are used for computation of the two-point correlations. The two-point correlations in the streamwise–spanwise plane at 11 different wall-normal positions covering one boundary layer thickness in the spanwise direction show that the maximal extension of the correlations in the streamwise direction is bounded within ±3. 5δ for both of the Reynolds number tested. The shapes of the positive correlations in the streamwise–spanwise plane at different wall-normal positions are similar throughout the boundary layer from nearly the freestream to the wall. The correlations in the streamwise–wall-normal plane for 11 different wall-normal reference positions also show that the correlations in some cases cover the entire boundary layer. The streamwise extent of the correlations in the streamwise–wall-normal plane is about 7–8 boundary layer thicknesses. Two-point correlation maps for the streamwise–wall-normal plane reveal the existence of non-zero correlations between even the intermittent region and near-wall region.
In-vivo Antibacterial and Synergetic Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) and Water Lilies (Nymphae lotus Linn) Extracts on Multi-Drug Resistant Enteric Bacteria

Enteric bacterial pathogens are the major causes of food-bourne diseases and remains a crucial global health concern. The emergence of multi-drug resistant enteric bacterial has been a major public health concern especially in developing countries of the world. The in-vivo antibacterial and synergetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) and water lilies (Nymphae lotus Linn) extracts on multi-drug resistant enteric bacteria was examined using experimental mice obtained from animal house, College of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria in accordance with laboratory practice regulation and the principle of humane laboratory animal care. The histological effects of treatment with water extract of A. sativum, ethanol extract of N. lotus and combination of water extract of A. sativum and ethanol extract of N. lotus at ratio 1:1 on organs invasion of Salmonella showed that major pathological effects were exerted on the liver and kidney of mice. The findings for this study suggests that the extracts of N. lotus and A. sativum may be used as antibacterial agents in the management of infections that may occur as a result of consumption or contact with faecally impacted surface waters.
HISTORY AND SPECTROSCOPY OF EXor CANDIDATES

The EXors are T Tauri stars (TTSs) that occasionally flare up from minimum light, apparently as the result of a massive infall of circumstellar material. The prototype, EX Lupi, is the only example that has been examined spectroscopically in any detail, so this paper surveys what can be gleaned from the literature about five candidate EXors, and describes new observations. The aim is to clarify the nature of these objects, and to determine whether they bear a convincing resemblance to EX Lup itself. The spectroscopy was carried out with the HIRES spectrograph (R = 48,000) at the Keck I telescope between 2004 and 2007. Three of the stars examined are in or near the Orion Nebula (NY, V1118, and V1143 Ori), while V1184 Tau is in the molecular cloud CB34, and V350 Cep is at the edge of the young cluster NGC 7129. The spectrograms were obtained at random times, and there was no coordinated photometry, but it was possible to conclude that the three Orion stars can be considered conventional EXors. At minimum light, they resemble K- or early M-type dwarfs plus a T Tauri-like emission spectrum, but no spectral characteristic was found that set them aside from ordinary TTSs. Such a signature might be found in deep-infrared (IR) photometry, but they do not stand out at 2 μm. Several interesting spectroscopic phenomena were observed, however, notably the appearance of the Li i λ6707 line in emission in V1118 Ori near maximum, and the detection of simultaneous infall and outflow at the Na i D12 lines in several EXors (although that has also been reported in several Classical TTSs). V1184 Tau is not an EXor: it is unclear if its activity is repetitive. Nor is V350 Cep: after recovering from a deep minimum about 1975, it has since remained near maximum for nearly three decades.
A comprehensive review on the advances in renewable wind power technology

In recent years, renewable energy generation, storage, and transmission has been the focus of research. Extraction of power from renewable energy sources is increasing rapidly. Progressively more wind farms are being fastened to the power grid. Large-scale merging of wind farms into electrical power grid presents a few challenges like voltage stability, system operation and control, and power quality due to usage of power electronic converters presenting a major bottleneck. This paper elucidates various types of wind power plant technologies, consequences of power electronic converters and reviews various types of system strength determination methods.
Magnetic memory in ferromagnetic thin films via exchange coupling

We show the possibility of creating magnetic domain memory in thin ferromagnetic films by inducing spatially varying exchange coupling interactions. We evidence this phenomenon in a perpendicular exchange bias film made of Co/Pd IrMn multilayers. Our coherent x-ray magnetic scattering speckle correlation study shows that the film exhibits no memory at room temperature but acquires a very high degree of magnetic memory, above 80% with subsequent field cycling when the sample is zero-field cooled below the blocking temperature of the IrMn layers T 275 K .
Children’s epistemic and interpersonal trust decisions for precise versus relative testimony

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to examine young children’s (4- to 7-year-old) selective trust decisions in two different data sets; one was for selecting from whom to ask information and the other was for interpersonal trust decision where children encountered with two research assistants; one provided precise and the other provided relative testimonies for quantities, length, and weight. For epistemic trust, 52; and interpersonal trust, 51 children participated the study. Children in epistemic trust group responded three ask questions, children in interpersonal trust also responded three interpersonal trust questions. Results revealed that for epistemic trust children preferred significantly relative testimony over precise testimony. This preference did not change according to age and math level of children. Results did not reveal a significant difference for interpersonal trust questions. Practicing measurement in school might have increased children’s ability to evaluate the value of preciseness for selective trust decision making.
Measuring the Magnetic Field on the Classical T Tauri Star BP Tauri

We examine several theories that describe how stellar magnetic fields on classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) interact with their surrounding accretion disks. We demonstrate that these theories require magnetic field strengths ranging from a few hundred to several thousand gauss, depending on which model is used and more importantly on the properties of individual systems. For example, the CTTS BP Tau is predicted to have a relatively strong magnetic field (1.4-4.1 kG), which should be detectable. We present infrared (IR) and optical echelle spectra of BP Tau and several reference stars of similar spectral class. Using detailed spectrum synthesis and the latest model atmospheres, we fitted 12 absorption features in the optical spectrum, including the strong titanium oxide (TiO) band head at 7055 Å. For BP Tau we determine key stellar parameters: effective temperature (Teff=4055 ± 112 K), gravity (log g=3.67 ± 0.50), metallicity ([M/H]=0.18 ± 0.11), projected rotational velocity (v sin i=10.2 ± 1.8 km s-1), and optical veiling (r=0.00-0.15). A similar analysis of 61 Cyg B (K7 V) is used to validate the methodology. We then use the IR spectra to look for Zeeman broadening, which has a more pronounced effect at longer wavelengths. A Zeeman sensitive Ti I line at 2.2233 μm appears significantly broadened in BP Tau, relative to several rotationally broadened standard stars. The observed line is also significantly broader than predictions based on our optical analysis. Interpreting this excess broadening as Zeeman splitting of the Ti I line, we fitted the spectrum and find a distribution of field strengths whose surface averaged mean is B̄=2.6 ± 0.3 kG. We did not use the Zeeman sensitive Fe I line at 8468.4 Å when determining stellar or magnetic parameters for BP Tau, so this line provides a test of our results. The observed line profile is indeed broader than the nonmagnetic prediction, but the 8468.4 Å line gives a magnetic flux lower than what was obtained in the IR, perhaps indicating that strong fields are concentrated into cool spots. Finally, we investigate an ad hoc model in which the IR line is assumed to form in the accretion disk itself. We discuss several reasons why the magnetic model is preferred, but the disk atmosphere example illustrates that our magnetic field measurement must still be tested using several IR lines with a range of Zeeman sensitivities.
Prospective Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is gaining attention in children and adolescents because it is an important outcome of their health status and well-being. Therefore, it is important to identify determinants for HRQoL. Currently, there is scarce and mainly cross-sectional evidence on the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL in children and adolescents. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL in Spanish children. The study was carried out in 1371 children aged 8 to 10 from different Catalan elementary schools with a medium follow-up of 15 months. The KidMed and KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires were used to assess the relationship between diet and HRQoL, respectively. The KidMed score at baseline was positively associated with HRQoL (β = 0.320; 95% CI 0.101–0.540) after adjusting for confounders. Additionally, the logistic regression analysis showed positive associations between baseline consumption of fruit, vegetables, pulses, and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL at follow-up (p < 0.05 for all) while the consumption of fast-food, pasta or rice, baked good or pastries, and sweets were negatively correlated (p < 0.05 for all) with HRQoL at follow-up. In conclusion, adherence of the Mediterranean diet was predictive for HRQoL in Spanish children, but further prospective studies are needed to confirm this result.
Incomplete Data and Item Parameter Estimates Under JMLE and MML Estimation

Although nonrandomly missing data is readily accommodated by joint maximum likelihood estimation (JMLE), it can theoretically be problematic for marginal maximum likelihood (MML) estimation. One situation of nonrandomly missing data, vertical equating using an anchor test, was simulated for this study under several conditions. The items from two test forms were calibrated simultaneously using JMLE and MML methods. Under MML, when the different ability distributions of the students taking the forms were not taken into account, the item difficulty parameters were overestimated for the items on the less difficult form and underestimated for the items on the more difficult form.
The Genesis of Simulation in Dynamics: Pursuing the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Problem

I: History. - 1. The FPU Model and Simulation: "A Little Discovery". - 1.1. Development. - 1.2. Dynamics to Statistical Mechanics. - 1.3. Surfaces of Constraint. - 1.4. Global Versus Local Analysis. - 1.5. Simulation. - 1.6. Loading the Nonlinear String. - 1.7. Modal Representation. - 1.8. Model Considerations. - 1.9. Results. - 1.10. Discussion Post Hoc. - 2. The FPU Research Program: Echoes on a String. - 2.1. The Threads of a Research Program. - 2.2. The Nonlinear Discrete Lattice. - 2.3. Ford, 1961. - 2.4. Jackson, 1963. - 2.5. Ford and Waters, 1963. - 2.6. The Continuous String. - 2.7. In the Continuous Limit. - 2.8. Discreteness as Viscosity. - 2.9. The First Soliton Paper. - 3. The Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser Theorem: "Here Comes the Surprise". - 3.1. A Brief History of Dynamics. - 3.2. The Fundamental Problem of Dynamics. - 3.3. The Small Divisors Problem. - 3.4. Poincare to Kolmogorov. - 3.5. The Conjecture. - 3.6. Beyond the Blaze. - 3.7. The Henon and Heiles Simulation, 1964. - 4. Research Threads Come Together: Harmonic Convergence. - 4.1. The Story Continues. - 4.2. Izrailev and Chirikov, 1966. - 4.3. Zabusky and Deem, 1967. - 4.4. Walker and Ford, 1969: Physical Review. - 4.5. Ford and Lunsford, 1970. - 4.6. Lunsford and Ford, 1972. - 4.7. The Toda Lattice Is Integrable. - II: Philosophy. - 5. Steps to an Epistemology of Simulation. - 5.1. Introduction. - 5.2. Hierarchy of Modeling. - 5.3. Historical Significance. - 5.4. Experiment. - 5.5. Epistemology. - 5.6. Preconceptions. - 5.7. Strategies for Belief and Pursuit. - 5.8. Case Study I: Fermi-Pasta-Ulam. - 5.9. Case Study II: Henon and Heiles. - 5.10. Methodology. - 5.11. Irreversibility. - 5.12. Proof. - 5.13. Proof and Simulation. - Append. - A. Hamiltonian Dynamics: Language of Abstraction. - A.1. Topology and Phase-Space Trajectories. - A.2. Canonical Transformations. - A.3. Transforming the Unperturbed String. - A.4. Cyclic Coordinates. - A.5. Liouville Integrability. - A.6. The Action-Angle Variables. - A.7. Dynamics on a Torus. - A.8. Commensurability: Two Types of Motion. - A.9. Digital Representation. - A.10. Physical Reality and the Continuum. - A.11. Perturbing the String. - References.
Impact of climate change and human factors on the water regime of the Danube Delta

Climate changes in the Danube Delta, as well as changes in water temperature, water runoff and sediment yield, have been identified on the basis of available observational data. It has been shown that the intra-annual distribution of water runoff has become more uniform in recent decades. It decreased in April-May and increased in February-March. At the same time, there has been a significant decrease in sediment transport. Changes due to anthropogenic impact were detected in water runoff in the largest river branches, in particular, the reduction of the share of the Kiliyskyi branch. Over the past 60 years, the water temperature in the Danube Delta has increased significantly, by more than 2°C. In general, the water temperature is higher than the air temperature, especially in autumn. Some features of the delta formation have been identified.
Management of the Medico-Legal Dispute of Healthcare-Related SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Evaluation Criteria and Case Study in a Large University Hospital in Northwest Italy from 2020 to 2021

Healthcare-related SARS-CoV-2 infection is an issue of particular concern during the pandemic. It has important repercussions on the National Health System, which represents a source of medical-legal health disputes. In the healthcare context, there are reports of negative screening at hospital admission (via nasopharyngeal swabs) and subsequent diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection during hospitalization. Such cases cannot be considered a priori of healthcare-related infections but require extensive in-depth evaluation. In this study, we propose an empirical classification to frame cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed in the hospital (first negative admission swab, with subsequent positive test during hospitalization). The classification is based on five categories: nosocomial, probably nosocomial, indeterminate, probably community, and community cases. We analyzed patients who died after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during hospitalization (with initial negative screening) in the largest hospital in Northwest Italy from February 2020 to 31 December 2021. A total of 383 cases were tracked and are listed as follows: 41 cases (11%) were classified as nosocomial (i.e., 3.2% of COVID-19 deaths). In contrast, 71 cases (19%) were classified as probably nosocomial, 69 (18%) were indeterminate (i.e., the clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics did not provide information on the genesis of the infection), 166 (43%) were classified as probably community cases, and 36 (9%) were defined as community cases. Deceased patients with nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection constituted the following: 3.23% (41/1266) with respect to the total number of COVID-19 deaths, 1.1% (41/3789) with respect to those who entered the hospital with a negative swab and 0.82% (41/4672) with respect to the total of deaths from any cause of death. In this paper we discuss the topic and issues of nosocomial COVID-19 in hospitalized patients and address the medicolegal implications.
Age, Education Years, and Biochemical Factors Are Associated with Selective Neuronal Changes in the Elderly Hippocampus

Brain aging involves regional alterations of specific cellular subpopulations in the human hippocampus: a network hub for memory consolidation. The present study investigates whether age, sex, education years, and the concentration of neuropathological and inflammatory proteins influence neuronal-type marker expression in the elderly hippocampus. We analyzed the digital images (1 µm/pixel) of postmortem hippocampal sections from 19 non-demented individuals (from 78 to 99 years). This material was obtained from the “Aging Dementia and TBI Study” open database. Brain samples were processed through in situ hybridization (ISH) for the immunodetection of VGLUT1 (glutamatergic transporter) and GAT1 (GABAergic transporter) and mRNAs and Luminex protein quantifications. After image acquisition, we delineated the dentate gyrus, CA 3/2, and CA1 hippocampal subdivisions. Then, we estimated the area fraction in which the ISH markers were expressed. Increased VGLUT1 was observed in multiple hippocampal subfields at late ages. This glutamatergic marker is positively correlated with beta-amyloid and tau proteins and negatively correlated with interleukin-7 levels. Additionally, education years are positively correlated with GAT1 in the hippocampus of elderly women. This GABAergic marker expression is associated with interferon-gamma and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. These associations can help to explain how hippocampal sub-regions and neurotransmitter systems undergo distinct physiological changes during normal aging.