Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Vancomycin Resistance among Clinical Isolates of MRSA from Different Governorates in Egypt

Background : The uncontrolled use of vancomycin led to an upsurge of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) throughout the world. Objective : The goal of this study is to screen vancomycin resistance among MRSA isolates, determine antimicrobial resistance pattern and evaluate the distribution of virulence genes among these isolates. Methodology : A total of 127 S. aureus clinical isolates were used, MRSA isolates were identified and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern for nine antimicrobial agents from different classes was assessed. In addition, vancomycin MIC was determined by standard agar dilution method and PCR identification of vancomycin resistance encoding genes vanA and vanB was performed. Moreover, the prevalence of eight different virulence genes was determined among different vancomycin resistance categories. Results : All isolates were identified phenotypically as MRSA. However, mecA gene was detected only in 95.28% of isolates. The highest and lowest percentage of resistance was recorded for clindamycin (82.68%) and trimethoprim (11.81%), respectively. Vancomycin resistance level was 23.62% of isolates, while vanA and vanB genes were detected only in 16.67% and 10% of VRSA isolates, respectively. The highest prevalence of virulence genes was found for icaA, followed by hld, hlb, icaD, hlg, hla, tsst and cna, respectively in the tested isolates. In addition, VRSA isolates showed higher mean virulence score (MVS) of 3.6 compared to VISA and VSSA isolates. Conclusion : This study highlights the alarming problem of the increasing incidence of VRSA infections in Egypt. Therefore, there is an urgent need to rationalize vancomycin consumption and to continuously monitor the prevalence of VRSA strains.
Consumer-Related Antecedents of Waste Behavior in Online Food Ordering: A Study among Young Adults in China

Food waste in the catering industry currently accounts for almost half of the total food waste in China and entails a large amount of land, water, and labor costs, in addition to the carbon footprint’s impacts on climate change. Under the background of increasing food consumption and waste from online catering, this study investigates the factors influencing the food waste behaviors (FW) of online food ordering in China and provides policy recommendations for food waste reduction. Using survey data from 482 consumers, we constructed a theoretical framework and examined the influence path of each factor using structural equation modeling (SEM) and a bootstrap test. The results showed that young consumers without farming experience and females wasted more on ordering food online. The more frequently the consumer ordered, the more they wasted. The level of consumers’ perceived behavioral control (PBC) was found to be lower than other factors, indicating that it was difficult for consumers to reduce food waste. Attitudes toward behavior (ATT), subjective norm (SN), PBC, and price consciousness (PC) were all positively related to behavioral intention to reduce food waste (BI). PBC and BI were negatively related to FW, and over-consumption behavior (OC) was positively related to FW. BI had a mediating effect on the paths of ATT, PBC, and PC to FW, but the pathway through which PC influenced FW was primarily through BI or PBC, not OC. In our research, BI had no mediating effect between SN and FW. Ultimately, our findings inform some policy recommendations to help nations, restaurants, food-ordering platforms, and consumers reduce waste.
Extreme spin squeezing for photons

We apply spin-squeezing techniques to identify and quantify highly multi-partite photonic entanglement in polarization-squeezed light. We consider a practical single-mode scenario, and find that Wineland-criterion polarization squeezing implies entanglement of a macroscopic fraction of the total photons. A Glauber-theory computation of the observable N-photon density matrix, with N up to 100, finds that N-partite entanglement is observable despite losses and without post-selection. Genuine multi-partite entanglement up to at least N = 10 ? > is similarly confirmed. The preparation method can be made intrinsically permutation-invariant, allowing highly efficient state reconstruction. In this scenario, generation plus detection requires O ( N 0 ) ? > experimental resources, in stark contrast to the typical exponential scaling. We estimate existing detectors could observe 1000-partite entanglement from a few dB of polarization squeezing.
Chandra measurements of a complete sample of X-ray luminous galaxy clusters: the gas mass fraction

We present Chandra X-ray measurements of the gas mass fraction out to r500 for a complete sample of the 35 most luminous clusters from the Brightest Cluster Sample and the Extended Brightest Cluster Sample at redshift z=0.15-0.30. The sample includes relaxed and unrelaxed clusters, and the data were analysed independently using two pipelines and two different models for the gas density and temperature. We measure an average of fgas(r500) = 0.163 +/- 0.032, which is in agreement with the cosmic baryon fraction (Omega_b / Omega_M = 0.167 +/- 0.006) at the 1-sigma level, after adding the stellar baryon fraction. Earlier studies reported gas mass fractions significantly lower than the cosmic baryon fraction at r500, and in some cases higher values that are consistent with the cosmic baryon fraction towards the virial radius.In this paper we show that the most X-ray luminous clusters in the redshift range z=0.15-0.30 have a gas mass fraction that is consistent with the cosmic value at r500.
Bioactive Scaffold Fabricated by 3D Printing for Enhancing Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration

We develop a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-calcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP)-based scaffold through a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique incorporating icaritin (ICT), a unique phytomolecule, and secretome derived from human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (HFS), to provide mechanical support and biological cues for stimulating bone defect healing. With the sustained release of ICT and HFS from the composite scaffold, the cell-free scaffold efficiently facilitates the migration of MSCs and promotes bone regeneration at the femoral defect site in the ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic rat model. Furthermore, mechanism study results indicate that the combination of ICT and HFS additively activates the Integrin–FAK (focal adhesion kinase)–ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2)–Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) axis, which could be linked to the beneficial recruitment of MSCs to the implant and subsequent osteogenesis enhancement. Collectively, the PLGA/TCP/ICT/HFS (P/T/I/S) bioactive scaffold is a promising biomaterial for repairing osteoporotic bone defects, which may have immense implications for their translation to clinical practice.
Microglia-Based Gene Expression Signature Highly Associated with Prognosis in Low-Grade Glioma

Simple Summary Gliomas make up ~80% of malignant brain tumors in adults and are responsible for the majority of deaths from primary brain tumors. Consequently, a better understanding of the malignant features of the TME in glioma is pertinent. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of immune-related genes (IRGs) in glioma and their association with patient prognosis. We utilized several approaches to interrogate the glioma immune microenvironment. We found that immune genes are generally negatively associated with survival and that overall survival was significantly lower in those with a high level of microglia infiltration. The microglia abundance was significantly associated with common genomic aberrations. Lastly, we generated a 23-gene expression signature that is highly associated with patient prognosis, independent of clinical variables. These findings are relevant to investigators in the glioma field, those working in biomarker development, but also to individuals working on glioma therapeutics. Abstract Gliomas make up ~80% of malignant brain tumors in adults and are responsible for the majority of deaths from primary brain tumors. The glioma tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic, heterogeneous mixture of extracellular matrix and malignant and non-malignant cells. Several ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of therapies that target non-malignant cells, particularly immune cells. Consequently, a better understanding of the TME in glioma is pertinent. We utilized several gene expression datasets to evaluate the relationship between immune-related genes (IRGs) and patient prognosis. We generated microglia signatures using single-cell RNAseq data from human and mouse glioma cells to infer microglia abundance. Lastly, we built a LASSO Cox regression model that predicts patient survival. We found that 428 IRGs were negatively associated with survival in glioma patients. Overall survival was significantly lower in those with a high level of microglia infiltration. In addition, we also found that microglia abundance was significantly associated with several common genomic aberrations, including IDH2 and TP53 mutations. Furthermore, we found that patients with high risk scores had significantly worse overall survival than those with low risk scores in several independent datasets. Altogether, we characterized immune features predictive of overall survival in glioma and found that microglia abundance is negatively associated with survival. We developed a 23-gene risk score that can significantly stratify patients into low- and high-risk categories.
Diversity assessment and geospatial mapping of mangroves in Matalom, Leyte, Philippines

: Eastern Visayas abounds with mangrove forests which serve as bioshields to coastal communities and habitats. However, many mangrove assessments are confined to parts of the region severely damaged from typhoons, thereby rendering little information to southern areas like Matalom. This study assessed the abundance, structure, and diversity of the mangroves along the coast of Barangays Sta. Fe and Cahagnaan, Matalom, Leyte, Philippines through the Transect Line-Plot method. Spatial distribution was determined through the use of GIS. Results revealed that the study area, covering a total of 39.82 hectares, has a low diversity (H'=1.2456) with seven mangrove species belonging to four families. Rhizophoraceae is the most represented family with a total of three species (Rhizophora mucronata, R. stylosa, and Bruguiera sexangular) . Sonneratia ovata , was classified as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List. Analysis of the gathered data showed that R. mucronata had the highest relative frequency and Avicennia marina had the highest relative dominance; while B. sexangula had the lowest value in both fields. Furthermore, no defined zonation pattern was observed as the species were scattered homogeneously in the site. Overall, habitat assessment of the sampling area revealed that the mangroves had an excellent regeneration potential in terms of density of young plants, with a capacity of 300%, and an average tree height of 4.285m, thus constituting a good forest condition. Such findings indicate the need for conservation programs not only for maintaining its good forest condition but also in alleviating the community's low diversity level for a more stable mangrove ecosystem in the long run.
The Occurrence of Earth-Like Planets Around Other Stars

The quantity $\eta_\oplus$, the number density of planets per star per logarithmic planetary radius per logarithmic orbital period at one Earth radius and one year period, describes the occurrence of Earth-like extrasolar planets. Here we present a measurement of $\eta_\oplus$ from a parameterised forward model of the (correlated) period-radius distribution and the observational selection function in the most recent (Q17) data release from the Kepler satellite. We find $\eta_\oplus = 3. 9_{-1.6}^{+2.2}\%$ (90% CL). We conclude that each star hosts $3. 83_{-0.62}^{+0.76}$ planets with $P \lesssim 3 \mathrm{yr}$ and $R \gtrsim 0.2 R_\oplus$. Our empirical model for false-positive contamination is consistent with the dominant source being background eclipsing binary stars. The distribution of planets we infer is consistent with a highly-stochastic planet formation process producing many correlated, fractional changes in planet sizes and orbits.
A Comparative Evaluation of Digital Radiography and Ultrasound Imaging to Detect Periapical Lesions in the Oral Cavity

Purpose This study evaluates the efficacy of digital radiography and ultrasound (USG) for the distinction between periapical cysts and granulomas, determines the nature and extent of the periapical lesion, visualizes the lumen of the lesion, assesses its size, content, and vascularity. Material and Methods Thirty patients, ages 18 to 40, with well-defined periapical radiolucencies on maxillary or mandibular teeth, indicated for the extraction or periapical surgery, underwent digital radiography examination using the paralleling technique, followed by USG examination. A sonologist evaluated the lesions' size, echogenicity, and vascular content. The diagnosis was compared to histopathological examinations of tissues obtained through extraction or periapical surgery. Results The diagnostic value of USG compared to the histopathological diagnosis of the periapical cyst was greater than that of the radiographic diagnosis, with an ultrasonographic diagnostic sensitivity (SN) value of 60% and a radiographic diagnostic SN value of 40%, respectively. The diagnostic value of USG imaging against the histopathological diagnosis of periapical granuloma was slightly lower than that of digital radiography, with an SN value of 72.2% for USG and 83.33% for digital radiography. However, the specificity (SP) value and precision of USG imaging were superior to those of digital radiographic diagnosis. USG imaging and radiographic diagnosis had 58.33% and 50% SP values, respectively. In cases of periapical abscess, the diagnostic values of USG against histopathological diagnosis were lower than those of radiographic diagnosis, which had an SN value of 100%. Conclusion USG with color doppler is a more effective tool than digital radiography for diagnosing periapical lesions. The echo structure of the lesions and the presence of vascularity on USG with color doppler correlated with histopathology better than the radiological diagnosis.
DWARF GALAXY FORMATION WITH H2-REGULATED STAR FORMATION

We describe cosmological galaxy formation simulations with the adaptive mesh refinement code Enzo that incorporate a star formation prescription regulated by the local abundance of molecular hydrogen. We show that this H2-regulated prescription leads to a suppression of star formation in low-mass halos (Mh ≲ 1010 M☉) at z > 4, alleviating some of the dwarf galaxy problems faced by theoretical galaxy formation models. H2 regulation modifies the efficiency of star formation of cold gas directly, rather than indirectly reducing the cold gas content with “supernova feedback. ” We determine the local H2 abundance in our most refined grid cells (76 proper parsec in size at z = 4) by applying the model of Krumholz, McKee, & Tumlinson, which is based on idealized one-dimensional radiative transfer calculations of H2 formation–dissociation balance in ∼100 pc atomic–molecular complexes. Our H2-regulated simulations are able to reproduce the empirical (albeit lower z) Kennicutt–Schmidt relation, including the low Σgas cutoff due to the transition from atomic to molecular phase and the metallicity dependence thereof, without the use of an explicit density threshold in our star formation prescription. We compare the evolution of the luminosity function, stellar mass density, and star formation rate density from our simulations to recent observational determinations of the same at z = 4–8 and find reasonable agreement between the two.
Numerical experiments on the flow past A circular cylinder at sub-critical reynolds number

Abstract : The performance of the dynamic subgrid-scale eddy-viscosity model and the suitability of high-order accurate, upwind-biased numerical methods for large eddy simulations of complex flows are investigated in the case of the turbulent wake behind a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3,900, based on freestream velocity and cylinder diameter. The numerical method consists of high-order upwind-biased finite difference techniques applied to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations written in generalized coordinates. Integration in time is done using a fully implicit, second-order accurate iterative technique. The results of three fifth-order accurate simulations performed on identical grids with the least-squares version of the dynamic model, the fixed-coefficient Smagorinsky model, and with no subgrid-scale model are compared in the first 10 diameters of the wake. The impact of three-dimensionality is also examined via two and three-dimensional calculations without a subgrid-scale model. The effect of numerical dissipation is investigated by comparing two simulations using upwind-biased schemes, the first being fifth-order, and the second seventh-order accurate. It is found that the near-wake is highly three-dimensional at this Reynolds number. It contains pairs of counter-rotating streamwise vortices, the effect of which cannot be reproduced in two-dimensional calculations. Three-dimensional computations are essential for predicting flow statistics of engineering interest. (AN)
Association of COL12A1 rs970547 Polymorphism with Elite Athlete Status

The role of genetics, as an intrinsic factor, in research of sports performance increases with every passing year. The polymorphism rs970547 of the COL12A1 gene is one of the most promising genetic markers linked to soft-tissue injuries. This study aimed to investigate whether COL12A1 rs970547 genotypes are associated with elite Lithuanian athletes from high-risk various sports, such as running, throwing, jumping, and football. The study involved 293 Lithuanian elite athletes and 287 healthy untrained individuals from the Lithuanian population. The results of this study suggest that the rs970547 T allele and TT genotype were significantly over-represented in the total athlete group compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was a significantly lower C allele frequency in the sprint/power group (16.9%) as well as in footballers (19.4%) compared to controls (33.3%, p < 0.05). Positive selection analysis results showed that the derived allele experiences selection pressure within the general population of Lithuanians. Taken together, the findings of this study suggested that COL12A1 rs970547 (T allele and TT genotype) is associated with elite athlete status, especially with sprint/power athlete and footballer`s performance. However, larger-scale studies within different ethnic backgrounds are still warranted to confirm the findings of our study.
STOCHASTIC STAR FORMATION AND A (NEARLY) UNIFORM STELLAR INITIAL MASS FUNCTION

Recent observations indicate a lower Hα to FUV ratio in dwarf galaxies than in brighter systems, a trend that could be explained by a truncated and/or steeper initial mass function (IMF) in small galaxies. However, at low star formation rates (SFRs), the Hα to FUV ratio can vary due to stochastic sampling even for a universal IMF, a hypothesis that has, prior to this work, received limited investigation. Using slug, a fully stochastic code for synthetic photometry in star clusters and galaxies, we compare the Hα and FUV luminosity in a sample of ∼450 nearby galaxies with models drawn from a universal Kroupa IMF and a modified IMF, the integrated galactic initial mass function (IGIMF). Once random sampling and time evolution are included, a Kroupa IMF convolved with the cluster mass function (CMF) reproduces the observed Hα distribution at all FUV luminosities, while a truncated IMF as implemented in current IGIMF models underpredicts the Hα luminosity by more than an order of magnitude at the lowest SFRs. We conclude that the observed luminosity is the result of the joint probability distribution function of the SFR, CMF, and a universal IMF, consistent with parts of the IGIMF theory, but that a truncation in the IMF in clusters is inconsistent with the observations. Future work will examine stochastic star formation and its time dependence in detail to study whether random sampling can explain other observations that suggest a varying IMF.
Paradoxical Leadership and Involvement in Creative Task via Creative Self-Efficacy: A Moderated Mediation Role of Task Complexity

Modern organizational environments encounter serious competition and paradoxical situations. This study discusses the effect of paradoxical leadership on overcoming competitive and paradoxical situations happening in the Korean workplace. More specifically, it investigates the dynamic relationship between paradoxical leadership and involvement in creative tasks in a Korean context and examines whether creative self-efficacy positively mediates this relationship. Our research design addresses the moderating role and moderated mediating role of task complexity in the relationship between paradoxical leadership and the involvement in creative tasks via creative self-efficacy. The main hypotheses were tested by using a cross-sectional design and administering questionnaires to 268 employees working in Korean firms. Empirical analysis revealed that paradoxical leadership is positively related to involvement in creative tasks and creative self-efficacy and that creative self-efficacy positively mediated the relationship between paradoxical leadership and involvement in creative tasks. Importantly, as the relationship between paradoxical leadership and creative self-efficacy depends on task complexity, the mediated relationship was effective under high task complexity. Uncovering the relationship between paradoxical leadership and involvement in creative tasks with the mediating role of creative self-efficacy and the moderated mediating role of task complexity can provide useful theoretical and managerial implications.
Vericiguat in Heart Failure: Characteristics, Scientific Evidence and Potential Clinical Applications

Despite recent advances in heart failure (HF) management, the risk of death and hospitalizations remains high in the long term. HF is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and increased oxidative stress, due to a reduction in the activity of the nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway. All these factors contribute to direct damage at the myocardial, vascular and renal level. Vericiguat restores the deficiency in this signaling pathway, through stimulation and activation of sGC, aiming to increase cGMP levels, with a reduction in HF-related oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Two main clinical trials were developed in this setting: the SOCRATES-REDUCED phase II study and the VICTORIA phase III study. They found that vericiguat is safe, well tolerated and effective with an absolute event-rate reduction in patients affected by HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and recent cardiac decompensation. In patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HfpEF), the SOCRATES-PRESERVED trial demonstrated an improvement in quality of life and health status, but the proven beneficial effects with vericiguat are still limited. Further studies are needed to correctly define the role of this drug in heart failure syndromes. Our paper reviews the potential applications and pharmacological characteristics of vericiguat in HFrEF and HFpEF.