Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory of Mind Performance Predicts tDCS-Mediated Effects on the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: A Pilot Study to Investigate the Role of Sex and Age

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has become an increasingly promising tool for understanding the relationship between brain and behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the magnitude of sex- and age-related tDCS effects previously found in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during a Theory of Mind (ToM) task correlates with social cognition performance; in particular, we explored whether different patterns of activity would be detected in high- and low-performing participants. For this, young and elderly, male and female participants were categorized as a low- or high-performer according to their score on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task. Furthermore, we explored whether sex- and age-related effects associated with active tDCS on the mPFC were related to cognitive functioning. We observed the following results: (i) elderly participants experience a significant decline in ToM performance compared to young participants; (ii) low-performing elderly females report slowing of reaction time when anodal tDCS is applied over the mPFC during a ToM task; and (iii) low-performing elderly females are characterized by lower scores in executive control functions, verbal fluency and verbal short-term memory. The relationship between tDCS results and cognitive functioning is discussed in light of the neuroscientific literature on sex- and age-related differences.
HER2 overexpression as a poor prognostic determinant in resected biliary tract cancer.

BACKGROUND HER2 overexpression has been investigated as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in biliary tract cancer (BTC), but a prognostic role of such alteration has not been demonstrated yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 100 radically resected BTC patients. HER2 gene amplification was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 2+ and 3+ cases at IHC. High HER2 protein expression was defined as either IHC 3+ or 2+ associated with FISH positivity. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the prognostic role of HER2 overexpression in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were the prevalence of HER2 overexpression and the possible correlation with other clinic-pathological features. RESULTS HER2 overexpression was identified in 11 patients and was not related to other clinic-pathological factors. DFS was significantly shorter in HER2 positive compared to HER2 negative patients (10.6 versus 20.9 months, log-rank p=0.017). HER2 confirmed its prognostic value for DFS at multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.512, 95% confidence interval 1.232-5.125, p=0.011) together with nodal stage (p<0.001), resection margin (p=0.027) and tumor site (p=0.030). There was no difference in OS between HER2 positive and negative patients (p=0.068). CONCLUSION HER2 overexpression represents an independent prognostic factor for disease recurrence in BTC treated with potentially curative surgery. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE HER2 overexpression may play an independent role in promoting an aggressive behavior in resectable biliary tract cancer. This evidence could be helpful in improving prognostic stratification after resection and, primarily, should endorse the rationale to investigate HER2 as a therapeutic target in BTC.
Salt Tolerance and Na Allocation in Sorghum bicolor under Variable Soil and Water Salinity

Salinity is a major constraint for plant growth in world areas exposed to salinization. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a species that has received attention for biomass production in saline areas thanks to drought and salinity tolerance. To improve the knowledge in the mechanisms of salt tolerance and sodium allocation to plant organs, a pot experiment was set up. The experimental design combined three levels of soil salinity (0, 3, and 6 dS m−1) with three levels of water salinity (0, 2–4, and 4–8 dS m−1) and two water regimes: no salt leaching (No SL) and salt leaching (SL). This latter regime was carried out with the same three water salinity levels and resulted in average +81% water supply. High soil salinity associated with high water salinity (HSS-HWS) affected plant growth and final dry weight (DW) to a greater extent in No SL (−87% DW) than SL (−42% DW). Additionally, HSS-HWS determined a stronger decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content under No SL than SL. HSS-HWS with No SL resulted in a higher Na bioaccumulation from soil to plant and in translocation from roots to stem and, finally, leaves, which are the most sensitive organ. Higher water availability (SL), although determining higher salt input when associated with HWS, limited Na bioaccumulation, prevented Na translocation to leaves, and enhanced selective absorption of Ca vs. Na. At plant level, higher Na accumulation was associated with lower Ca and Mg accumulation, especially in No SL. This indicates altered ion homeostasis and cation unbalance.
Zebra mussels : biology, impacts, and control

Part 1 Biology: thirty years of studies of "dreissena polymorpha" pallas ecology in Mazurian lakes of northeastern Poland. Part 2 Morphology and physiology: the anatomy of "dreissena polymorpha" and the evolution and success of the heteromyarian form in the "dreissenoida". Part 3 Impacts: the impact of "dreissena polymorpha" on water works operation at Monroe Michigan. Part 4 Controls: monitoring and control of "dreissena polymorpha" and other macrofouling bivalves in European industrial and power plant cooling water systems.
Military-Type Workload and Footwear Alter Lower Extremity Muscle Activity during Unilateral Static Balance: Implications for Tactical Athletic Footwear Design

Maintaining upright standing balance is critical for military personal. The impact of military footwear and occupation-related fatigue on muscle activity during balance performance has been previously documented. However, the current literature has not provided a muscle activation profile of the lower extremity during challenging conditions such as unilateral balance trials. Twenty-two recreationally active male participants (age: 22.2 ± 2.7 years; height: 177 ± 6.8 cm; mass: 79.8 ± 9.7 kg) donned two styles of military footwear (minimalist and standard) and performed a military style workload. Unilateral static balance was accessed before (PRE) and after (POST) the workload as surface electromyography was recorded on the right lower extremity. This study found that the minimalist footwear increased muscle activation prior to the workload compared to the standard footwear (co-contraction index mean difference: 0.149), whereas the standard footwear increased muscle activity after the workload (co-contraction index mean difference: 0.097). These findings suggest that footwear design characteristics affect lower extremity muscle activity differently depending on the workload condition. These findings intend to aid in the design of military footwear to maximize balance performance in a military population.
Estimates of Population Size and Instream Mortality Rate of American Eel Elvers in a Nova Scotia River

Abstract The recruitment of American eel Anguilla rostrata elvers to the East River, Chester, Nova Scotia, during May through July was estimated by trap (Irish type) counts at 209,190 elvers and by mark–recapture (with a tail-clip mark) at 960,000 elvers. The population size following migration to recapture sites about 1.3 km upstream during late July–October was 1,145 elvers by trap count and 2,894 elvers by mark–recapture using a Bismark Brown Y mark. Finite mortality rates (M) were 0.9945 (trap counts) and 0.9968 (mark–recapture). Instantaneous daily mortality rates (Z) were 0.0612 (trap counts) and 0.0675 (mark–recapture). The 4.6 times difference between population estimates at the river mouth by trap count and by mark–recapture and the 2.5 times difference at the upriver capture sites resulted from the different duration of each mark–recapture experiment and from higher mortality for marked than for unmarked elvers. High mortality for unmarked elvers was attributed to the effects of low pH (4.7–5.0).
Patterns of clade support across the major lineages of moss phylogeny

Relationships among the major branches of moss phylogeny are understudied compared with other major land‐plant groups. We addressed this by surveying 14–17 plastid genes from taxa representing the major lineages, using different phylogenetic methods (parsimony, likelihood) and codon‐ and gene‐based data partitioning schemes (likelihood). Our phylogenetic inferences generally corroborated the best supported clades across multiple recent studies, with comparable or higher levels of clade support here. We resolved persistent ambiguities with strong to moderate support across analyses, including several early nodes in subclass Dicranidae, and relationships among other subclasses of peristomate mosses. In particular, we resolved a sister‐group relationship between Bryidae and Dicranidae, between these subclasses and Timiidae, and between this entire clade and Funariidae. We consistently recovered Tetraphidopsida (a nematodontous class) as the sister group of arthrodontous mosses (Bryopsida), although with only weak support. Strongly conflicting arrangements at the base of moss phylogeny concerning Takakiopsida and Sphagnopsida, two non‐peristomate moss lineages, were inferred in parsimony and likelihood analysis, but this depended on how base‐frequency parameters were estimated and how data were partitioned in likelihood analysis. Relationships inferred for the remaining peristomate and non‐peristomate moss clades, and their associated support values, were otherwise broadly congruent across analyses.
EVALUATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND HORMONAL ROOTING (NURSERY AND FIELD) IN Jatropha curcas L

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of commercial biofertlizers and chemistry rooting, in morphological variables. The plant of jatropha is cultivated in a conventional form using artificial inputs all over the world. That is why it is imperative to generate technology of production sustainable. The experiment in nursery is performed from July to October of 2013 and it is performed on field from May to December of 2013. Both of these experiments are carried on in the experimental crop field of the Universidad Tecnológica de Izúcar de Matamoros. The evaluated products are: Azofer® (Azospirillum), Micorrizafer® (mycorrhiza of gender Glomus), Tricovel® (Trichoderma) and chemical rooting Rooting® (auxins and cytokinins). A totally random experiment design with ten replications is performed in nursery. In the field, the experimental randomized complete block design was used with twelve replications. It turned out that the combination of Azospirillum + Trichoderma both doses generates more height of plant (23.3 cm), number of leaves (14.2), fresh weight of leaf and stem (30.5 g) and total fresh weight (36.2 g); in the field the chemical Rooting® was the more active to generate more number of lateralbranches (5.2), fruits matures for plant (45.8), and weight of seed for plant (68.4 g).
Unique Dairy Applications of Eastern Gamagrass Forages in Central Wisconsin: I. Yield Potential

Replacement dairy heifers (Bos taurus) offered diets comprised largely of corn (Zea mays L.) silage or other high-energy forages often become overconditioned, which may damage their future performance as lactating cows. Our objective was to assess the yield potential of a perennial C4 grass, eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. ], for incorporation into fiber-demanding, dairy-heifer or dry-cow diets. Replicated field plots of `Pete' eastern gamagrass were evaluated within nine harvest systems and four N fertilization regimes. For single-harvest systems, dry matter (DM) yields increased across harvest dates, reaching numerical maximums of 7192, 9764, and 7554 kg ha -1 by mid-August of 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. During each year, there was a strong linear (P < 0.001) effect of harvest date; however, higher-ordered effects varied within year. Relatively large yield increases (≥1812 kg ha -1 ) between early and mid-August during 2008 and 2009 suggest that better yields could be achieved by delaying single harvests of eastern gamagrass beyond mid-August. Yields ofDM from double-harvest systems were not competitive with single-harvest systems timed in mid-August. Nitrogen fertilization increased (P < 0.001) DM yields, exhibiting both linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P = 0.027) effects of application rate. However, efficiency ofN usage was reduced as fertilization rates increased.
Sulfur availability, cotyledon nitrogen:sulfur ratio, and relative abundance of seed storage proteins of soybean

The nutritional value of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] seed protein could be enhanced by increasing its concentration of the S-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine. Two greenhouse pot studies and one field study were conducted with soybean grown under varying levels of S availability to observe the relationship between S availability, seed S content, and relative abundance of poor and high quality storage proteins. Abundances of the β-subunit of β-conglycinin (poor quality) and of glycinin (high quality) seed storage proteins were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Cotyledon-S concentration more than doubled, and the N:S ratio of the seed decreased sharply (from about 40-20 g N g S -1 ), as S availability increased from 12 to 62 mg available S per plant in the first greenhouse trial. The amount of the poor-quality β-subunit of β-conglycinin was linearly related to the N:S ratio of cotyledon tissue and varied from less than 15 up to 40% of storage proteins. On the other hand, the high-quality glycinin fraction of storage protein showed a linear, negative relation to N:S ratio of cotyledon tissue and decreased from 60 to less than 30% of storage proteins as the N:S ratio increased under S stress. Even in high S environments the β-subunit of β-conglycinin comprised 10% or more of total storage proteins. Since poor quality storage protein was synthesized even in high S environments, we hypothesize that the plant's ability to reduce sulfate and synthesize S-containing amino acids during seed filling may be a factor limiting soybean protein quality.
Erwinia pyrifoliae, an Erwinia species different from Erwinia amylovora, causes a necrotic disease of Asian pear trees

Bacteria from necrotic branches of Asian pear trees (Pyrus pyrifolia) in Korea were consistently isolated as white colonies on nutrient agar and formed mucoid, slightly yellow colonies on a minimal medium with copper sulphate. Isolates with this colony morphology were studied in a series of microbiological, molecular and pathological tests. Most isolates allowed the verification of Koch's postulate on P. pyrifolia seedlings and on slices from immature pear (Pyrus communis) fruits and were also positive in hypersensitivity tests on tobacco leaves. They showed characteristics common to species in the genus Erwinia, but were different from Erwinia amylovora, the agent of fire blight. A relationship between the novel pathogen and E. amylovora was found in microbiological and serological tests. Both organisms had similar but not identical protein patterns in 2-D gel electrophoresis, and in growth morphology the new pathogen produced colonies on MM2 Cu medium that were mucoid and slightly yellow, compared with the clearly yellow colonies of E. amylovora. No similarity was found in the plasmid profiles, and consequently no PCR signal was obtained with primers from the E. amylovora plasmid pEA29. REP-PCR also produced bands differing for the two organisms.
Optimal dietary protein levels in penaeid shrimps, measured as growth response, vary from 50–55% in Penaeus japonicus , to 40–46% in Penaeus monodonand over 30–60% in Litopenaeus vannamei

as growth response, vary from 50–55% in Penaeus japonicus , to 40–46% in Penaeus monodonand over 30–60% in Litopenaeus vannamei (Teshima and Kanazawa, 1984; Cousin et al., 1993). Commercial shrimp feeds contain 30–50% crude protein, composed mostly of marine animal protein products such as fish, shrimp and squid meal. These feed materials have high nutritive value and palatability but are expensive and not readily available (Lim and Persyn, 1989). There is much interest in finding alternative, less expensive, protein sources to replace part of the fish meal content of diets. The importance of soybean meal as a source of protein has long been recognized (Kanazawa, 1992). Its utilisation in shrimp diets has increased due to its ‘nutritional quality, lower cost and consistent availability’ (Akiyama, 1988). Casein, however, although generally used as a standard protein source for the nutrient requirement studies of fish and other vertebrates, is poorly utilised by several shrimp species (Deshimaru, 1982). Attempts have been made to optimise the utilisation of these proteins by determining the optimal dietary amino acid profile (Cowey and Forster, 1971). This optimal dietary amino acid profile will depend on the amino acid requirement of an animal for protein synthesis and the use of individual amino acids as energy substrates or for other purposes (Ronnestad and Fyhn, 1993). Deshimaru and Shigeno (1972) suggested that the amino acid composition of the food should be very similar to that of the animal’s proteins. Ogata et al. (1985) measured the total essential free amino acid concentrations of the European eel Anguilla anguilla and noted that it was correlated with dietary protein content. To minimize the effect of different sample pretreatment, the A/E ratio (the concentration of each essential amino acid as a percentage of the concentration of total essential amino acids, including tyrosine) was calculated in some studies. Arai (1981) based diets for coho salmon fry upon A/E ratios found in the whole-animal tissue of this species. Penaflorida (1989) used the profile of essential amino acids of whole shrimp to calculate an essential amino acid index (the nth root of the product of the ratios of each essential amino acid in the feed to that of a reference protein). Changes in the levels of free amino acids in tissue after a meal have been used as a criterion for determining amino acid requirements, based on the hypothesis that the concentration of an individual free amino acid will remain low until its requirement has been met (Wilson, 1994). Protein turnover can be divided into its constituent processes, protein synthesis, protein growth and protein degradation (reviewed by Houlihan, 1991). At any particular time, protein growth (kg, protein growth as a percentage of the total protein 3107 The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 3107–3122 (2002) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 JEB4478
Seasonal food habits of marten in south-central Alaska

Studies of the diet of marten (Martes americana) and the abundance and habitat associations of small mammals were conducted in south-central Alaska for 2 years. Marten were found to eat primarily arvicolid (= microtine) rodents. Other important food items were sciurid rodents, fruits, and birds. Strong seasonal variation in the importance of arvicolid rodents was associated with changes in their density as indicated by trapline capture success. Northern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys rutilus) dominated the diet of marten when they and other arvicolids were generally scarce, whereas tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) were the primary prey when arvicolids were abundant. Arvicolid species exhibited strong differences in habitat associations and habitat niche breadth. Red-backed voles were found in a wide range of habitat types, but tundra voles and meadow voles were limited to herbaceous and low shrub meadow habitats, where they attained high local densities. Similarities.
Study on Role of Computed Tomography in Diagnostic Workup of Headache at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: To determine the etiology of headache in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scan of brain without having prior neurologic abnormality and to know the age incidence and the sex incidence of the headache. Methods: A prospective study of one year duration was carried out at tertiary care hospital from Aug 2018 to Aug 2019. It included 1250 patients who underwent brain CT for headache. CT findings of patients were recorded and analyzed. Results: These etiologies were sinusitis (8.8%), followed by tumor (6.8%), infarct (6.4%), hematoma (4.4%), encephalitis (3.8%), abscesses (3.2%) and hydrocephalus (1.2%). Headache is more common in females (55%). Most common age group affected is 40-60 years (37.2%). Conclusions: CT of brain has revealed in 65.1% of cases as normal and detected the various causes in rest of the cases.
A simultaneous estimation of rigid block rotations and slip deficits rates from the GPS-derived velocity field in and around the Kinki district

We analyze GPS-derived velocity field in and around the Kinki district in order to estimate quasi-static fault parameters for active fault zones on land and interface between the subducting Philippine Sea and overlying plates. Time series of coordinates of GEONET sites located in this region are decomposed into linear trend, annual components, coseismic steps, exponentially decaying components due to postseismic movements or slow events and noises. We use linear trend as velocity components of each site. In this analysis, southwest Japan is divided into 23 rigid crustal blocks and their motion and slip deficit rates of 64 bounding faults between them are estimated simultaneously. We assume the geometrical parameters of the bounding faults referring to active fault data. The plate interface, which is modeled referring to hypocentral distribution of subcrustal earthquakes, is divided into 33 segments and their slip deficit rates are estimated with smoothness constraints, as well. Finally an optimal set of block motions and slip deficit rates of fault segments are obtained that minimizes ABIC. A westward motion is estimated for blocks on the eastern side of the Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone and for blocks south of the Median Tectonic Line. Large slip deficit rates of 8090mm/yr are obtained for the interplate fault south off Shikoku. Significant slip deficit rates of ~5mm/yr are found on the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line, Rokko Faults and Median Tectonic Line.
Corn Yield, Nitrogen Use, and Corn Rootworm Infestation of Rotations in the Northern Corn Belt

Crop rotation may improve production efficiency and reduce fertilizer N requirements for corn (Zea mays L.). Objectives were to determine effect of rotation and N on corn yield, efficiency of water use (WUE) and N use (NUE), and corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) beetle populations (CR). Rotations (started in 1990) were continuous corn (CC), corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] (CS), and a 4-yr rotation of corn-soybean-spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) companion-seeded with alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.)-alfalfa hay (CSWA). Nitrogen treatments for corn were corn fertilized for a grain yield of 8.5 Mg ha -1 (highN), 5.3 Mg ha -1 (midN), and no N fertilizer (noN). Average yield (1992-2003) was greatest (p = 0.003) under CS and highN (7.0 Mg ha -1 ). Yield differences (p = 0.001) among rotations increased with decreased fertilizer N. Average (1992-2003) yield with noN fertilizer was 5.8 Mg ha -1 under CSWA, 4.5 Mg ha -1 under CS, and 2.8 Mg ha -1 under CC. Nitrogen use efficiency differed (p = 0.096) only under midN with CSWA = CS > CC. Soil water (upper 1.8 m) for corn measured on 1 June (average of N treatments) was 55, 54, and 45 cm for CC, CS, and CSWA, respectively. For CSWA under highN, available water limited yield in 3 of 6 yr. At highN, CR adult populations were greater under CS compared with CC and greater at higher N fertilizer levels within CC. Rotations have potential to improve production efficiency; however, there is potential for reduced corn yield after alfalfa due to less available soil water.