Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cosmic collider: Was the IceCube neutrino generated in a precessing jet-jet interaction in TXS 0506+056?

Context. The neutrino event IceCube−170922A appears to originate from the BL Lac object TXS 0506+056. To understand the neutrino creation process and to localize the emission site, we studied the radio images of the jet at 15 GHz.Aims. Other BL Lac objects show properties similar to those of TXS 0506+056, such as multiwavelength variability or a curved jet. However, to date only TXS 0506+056 has been identified as neutrino emitter. The aim of this paper is to determine what makes the parsec-scale jet of TXS 0506+056 specific in this respect.Methods. We reanalyzed and remodeled 16 VLBA 15 GHz observations between 2009 and 2018. We thoroughly examined the jet kinematics and flux-density evolution of individual jet components during the time of enhanced neutrino activity between September 2014 and March 2015, and in particular before and after the neutrino event.Results. Our results suggest that the jet is very strongly curved and most likely observable under a special viewing angle of close to zero. We may observe the interaction between jet features that cross each other’s paths. We find subsequent flux-density flaring of six components passing the likely collision site. In addition, we find a strong indication for precession of the inner jet, and model a precession period of about 10 yr via the Lense-Thirring effect. We discuss an alternative scenario, which is the interpretation of observing the signature of two jets within TXS 0506+056, again hinting toward a collision of jetted material. We essentially suggest that the neutrino emission may result from the interaction of jetted material in combination with a special viewing angle and jet precession.Conclusions. We propose that the enhanced neutrino activity during the neutrino flare in 2014–2015 and the single EHE neutrino IceCube-170922A could have been generated by a cosmic collision within TXS 0506+056. Our findings seem capable of explaining the neutrino generation at the time of a low gamma-ray flux and also indicate that TXS 0506+056 might be an atypical blazar. It seems to be the first time that a potential collision of two jets on parsec scales has been reported and that the detection of a cosmic neutrino might be traced back to a cosmic jet-collision.
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kesulitan Belajar Matematika pada Materi Garis dan Sudut Kelas VII Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis kesulitan yang dialami siswa serta faktor penyebab kesulitan siswa dalam belajar materi garis dan sudut. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII I SMP Negeri 3 Brebes sebanyak 2 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket faktor penyebab kesulitan, tes tertulis dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan siswa dengan kesulitan prinsip dan keterampilan (skill) disebabkan oleh (1) kemampuan siswa dalam memahami prinsip masih rendah; (2) Kurangnya ketelitian dalam memahami permasalahan yang diberikan; (3) Siswa kurang teliti dalam mengerjakan soal dan tidak mengoreksi kembali jawaban yang sudah ditulis; sedangkan siswa dengan kesulitan konsep, prinsip dan keterampilan (skill) disebabkan oleh (1) Kemampuan siswa dalam memahami konsep masih rendah; (2) Kurangnya pemahaman siswa terkait prinsip; (3) Kurangnya ketelitian dalam memahami permasalahan yang diberikan; (4) Siswa kurang teliti dalam mengerjakan soal dan tidak mengoreksi kembali jawaban yang sudah ditulis; dan (5) Siswa menganggap materi garis dan sudut terlalu sulit, sehingga menimbulkan perasaan malas untuk mengulang materi yang telah di ajarkan. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan belajar pada siswa dengan jenis kesulitan prinsip dan keterampilan (skill) dengan persentase indikator minat sebanyak 23%, kebiasaan belajar 20%, konsentrasi 33% dan motivasi sebanyak 23%, kemudian siswa dengan jenis kesulitan konsep, prinsip dan keterampilan (skill) persentase indikator minat sebanyak 27%, kebiasaan belajar 24%, konsentrasi 25% dan motivasi sebanyak 24%.
On the qualitative behavior of incompressible two-phase flows with phase transitions: the case of equal densities

The study of the basic model for incompressible two-phase flows with phase transitions in the case of equal densities, initiated in the paper Pr\"uss, Shibata, Shimizu, and Simonett [16], is continued here with a stability analysis of equilibria and results on the asymptotic behavior of global solutions. The results parallel those for the thermodynamically consistent Stefan problem with surface tension obtained in Pr\"uss, Simonett, and Zacher [19].
Target materials for efficient plasma-based extreme ultraviolet sources in the range of 6 to 8 nm

In a comparative study the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) emission of laser-produced plasmas (LPP) of gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg) and a magnesium–copper–gadolinium alloy (Mg65–Cu25–Gd10) targets is investigated in order to benchmark the emission potential at a wavelength of around 6.7 nm. Compared to the Gd/Tb targets, the advantage of the alloy is a reduced melting point of Tm < 500 °C which leads to the option of a liquid or droplet target system as is usually used for a regenerative target concept. Theoretical considerations are presented to compare the emission potential of the four targets in direct comparison. Experimental results of the LPP are discussed with respect to the 6.x nm inband energy, which are consistent with the theoretical considerations. It is shown that the line radiators Al and Mg seem to be suitable emitters with comparable brightness to Gd- or Tb-based sources. The measured conversion efficiency of the Mg65Cu25Gd10 target reaches 80% of that of the pure Gd LPP although the Gd fraction is only 2% (atom percent).
Linear Stability Analysis of Liquid Metal Flow in an Insulating Rectangular Duct under External Uniform Magnetic Field

Linear stability analysis of liquid metal flow driven by a constant pressure gradient in an insulating rectangular duct under an external uniform magnetic field was carried out. In the present analysis, since the Joule heating and induced magnetic field were neglected, the governing equations consisted of the continuity of mass, momentum equation, Ohm’s law, and conservation of electric charge. A set of linearized disturbance equations for the complex amplitude was decomposed into real and imaginary parts and solved numerically with a finite difference method using the highly simplified marker and cell (HSMAC) algorithm on a two-dimensional staggered mesh system. The difficulty of the complex eigenvalue problem was circumvented with a Newton—Raphson method during which its corresponding eigenfunction was simultaneously obtained by using an iterative procedure. The relation among the Reynolds number, the wavenumber, the growth rate, and the angular frequency was successfully obtained for a given value of the Hartmann number as well as for a direction of external uniform magnetic field.
Distribution of lesions in cattle affected by bovine tuberculosis in the State of Minas Gerais from 2004-2008

The distribution of lesions and the characteristics of cattle affected by bovine tuberculosis (TB) in thestate of Minas Gerais (MG) were evaluated using data from samples sent to the official laboratory of theBrazilian Ministry of Agriculture for bacteriological diagnosis. It was conducted a descriptive study using1,081 samples with lesions suggestive of TB that were sent for bacteriological diagnosis of Mycobacteriumbovis. The respiratory system had the highest injury frequency (53.01%), followed by the carcass (20.23%),the abdominal cavity (16.52%), the tongue (8.26%) and the breast (1.98%). The pulmonary lymph nodes(19.7%), mediastinal lymph nodes (12.8%) and lung parenchyma (12.0%) were the main tissues from whichM. bovis was isolated with great regularity. This study revealed the existence of a higher percentage offemale (63.8%) dairy cattle (40.1%) from two and a half to seven years of age (85.2%) among the affected animals. The results of this study will help to subsidize the National Program for Control and EradicationTuberculosis in Brazil, which aims to collect samples for bacterial isolation and molecular diagnosis.
Does Oral CaCO3 and Calcitriol Administration for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment Affect the Lipid Profile in HD Patients

Seventeen patients, 11 males and 6 females, ages 39 ± 5.37 years (range 16e63 years), with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who had been maintained on hemodialysis (HD) for a mean period of 10.4 ± 3.02 months were evaluated for the effects of oral CaCO3 and calcitriol on their lipid profile. All patients received a 40-g protein diet. None of the patients had a weight change or body mass index change (according to the Du Bois calculating table) at the end of the study. During the first 3 months of the study, all subjects were given aluminumcontaining phosphate binders (2e3 g/day). Serum HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels were measured both at the beginning and at the end of the 3-month period. These measurements were repeated 3 months later following CaCO3 (3 g/day) and calcitriol (0.25 µg/day) therapy. While serum HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not changed after the administration of aluminum-containing phosphate binders, serum lipid status did improve following the CaCO3 and calcitriol therapy. In conclusion, three months of CaCO3 and calcitriol therapy reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL levels, and LDL/HDL ratios, and this therapy may improve the serum lipid profile to a point similar to the patient with lipid abnormalities but without renal disease. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia represent risk factors for coronary artery disease. Lipid abnormalities are found in patients with renal failure.1 In chronic renal failure, hyperlipidemia is thought to be due to an impairment of triglyceride catabolism, diet, carnitine deficiency, an excess of glucagon, an alteration of lipoprotein lipase activity, and parathormone.2 The increased levels of serum LDL cholesterol and triglyceride may influence the progression of atherosclerosis in conjunction with the other risk factors for coronary artery disease in chronic renal failure. It has been reported that oral CaCO3 may reduce serum cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic patients with normal renal function.3,4 We have designed this preliminary study in order to investigate the effects of oral CaCO3 and calcitriol administration on the serum lipid profile in hemodialysis patients.
Polypharmacy Problems: Drug Interactions In the Multidrug Therapy of HIV Infection

atients with hiv receive an abundance of daily medications, often including a triple-drug antiretroviral regimen, primary and/or secondary prophylactic drugs, and other compounds as needed (e.g., lipid-lowering drugs). Clinicians will be the first to admit that the proper use of these drugs has yielded highly desirable effects—including prolonged survival and fewer opportunistic infections—but will also attest to the burgeoning task of monitoring possible drug interactions. Of course, the risk of harmful interactions does not stop with the pharmacokinetic profiles of individual drugs. Clinicians must also remain aware of possible interactions between the drugs they prescribe and such things as foods, other diseases, and nontraditional agents such as vitamins, herbal remedies, and an often unacknowledged factor: recreational drugs. Taking all of these possible interactions into account, one retrospective chart review of 50 patients with hiv demonstrated a substantially increased likelihood of drug interactions with the addition of a single new drug—a protease inhibitor—to their therapeutic regimens. Upon adding the protease inhibitor, the probability of at least one undesirable drug interaction was 31%, 42%, and 77% for patients treated with indinavir, saquinavir, and ritonavir, respectively, across all CD4+ cell counts. For the cohort with CD4+ counts below 100 cells/mm, 3
Effect of geometric sharpness on translucent material perception

When judging optical properties of a translucent object, humans often look at sharp geometric features such as edges and thin parts. Analysis of the physics of light transport shows that these sharp geometries are necessary for scientific imaging systems to be able to accurately measure the underlying material optical properties. In this paper, we examine whether human perception of translucency is likewise affected by the presence of sharp geometry, by confounding our perceptual inferences about an object’s optical properties. We employ physically accurate simulations to create visual stimuli of translucent materials with varying shapes and optical properties under different illuminations. We then use these stimuli in psychophysical experiments, where human observers are asked to match an image of a target object by adjusting the material parameters of a match object with different geometric sharpness, lighting geometry, and 3D geometry. We find that the level of geometric sharpness significantly affects perceived translucency by the observers. These findings generalize across a few illuminations and object shapes. Our results suggest that the perceived translucency of an object depends on both the underlying material optical parameters and 3D shape. We also conduct analyses using computational metrics including (luminance-normalized) L2, structural similarity index (SSIM), and Michelson contrast. We find that these image metrics cannot predict perceptual results, suggesting low level image cues are not sufficient to explain our results.
Use of Alternative Designs and Data Sources for Pediatric Trials

Abstract Children are considered a vulnerable group and as such are granted additional protection as research subjects. Research projects using children as research subjects are justifiable if the answer to the scientific question of the study cannot be obtained by enrolling adult subjects (cf. scientific necessity). Thus, there is an ethical obligation to explore innovative analytical strategies that seek balance between the feasibility of conducting a trial and maximizing the utilization of data on efficacy and safety. On this note, there is enthusiasm for implementing some less popular but efficient alternative designs for confirmatory pediatric trials. Within the pediatric extrapolation paradigm, examples of such designs, other than purely based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data, are described in this article along with their advantages and disadvantages. This article will also discuss how to incorporate alternative data sources in the analysis of pediatric clinical trials. A discussion of existing approaches and a road-map to their utilization will be provided. Real case examples on the use of the approaches are provided.
Hodge genera and characteristic classes Of complex algebraic varieties

We announce Hodge theoretic formulae of Atiyah-Meyer type for genera and characteristic classes of complex algebraic varieties. Our results are formulated in terms of the generalized (motivic) Hirzebruch characteristic classes, and the arguments used in the proofs rely in an essential way on Saito’s theory of algebraic mixed Hodge modules.
Asthma Determinants, Health Care Utilization, and Control Among Women in Puerto Rico

Asthma Determinants, Health Care Utilization, and Control Among Women in Puerto Rico by María Calixta Ortiz-Rivera MSEM, Metropolitan University, 2000 BS, University of Puerto Rico, 1983 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health-Epidemiology Walden University February 2016 Abstract Active asthma and asthma-related health care utilization are higher among adult females than they are among adult males in Puerto Rico. The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of the risk of active asthma and associated health care utilization and asthma control among women in Puerto Rico. Guided by the Andersen behavioral model, the study included data from the Asthma Call-Back Survey (ACBS)Active asthma and asthma-related health care utilization are higher among adult females than they are among adult males in Puerto Rico. The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of the risk of active asthma and associated health care utilization and asthma control among women in Puerto Rico. Guided by the Andersen behavioral model, the study included data from the Asthma Call-Back Survey (ACBS) during 2011 and 2012 in Puerto Rico. The associations between active asthma and behavioral, demographic, and environmental factors were assessed using logistic regression. The relationship between asthma-related health care utilization and predisposing, enabling, and need factors was examined using multiple linear regression. The association between achieved level of asthma control and asthma-related healthcare utilization was investigated using multinomial logistic regression. Results of the logistic regression indicated that being out of work, being in a middle income category, and being obese significantly increased the odds of active asthma. Being self-employed and being in the income category of $15,000-$25,000 significantly predicted the frequency of emergency room visits (ERVs). Results of the multinomial logistic regression indicated that physician urgent visit and ERV were significantly associated with poorly controlled asthma symptoms. The positive social change implication of these findings is that the identified risk factors can be used to develop asthma management plans to prevent and control asthma attacks in at-risk populations and reduce asthma-related health care
O R IGINAL AR T ICLE Gastric emptying in subclinical hyperthyroidism

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: About 15% of hyperthyroid patients suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, nausea and early satiety the problem. Published reports on the topic of gastric emptying in hyperthyroidism are rare and discrepant in their results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients (8 women, 5 male; aged 41.92±1.491 SE yr) with a recently established diagnosis of subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves-Basedow disease and as control group 10 age-matched healthy subject (7 women, 3 male; 39.6±2.918 SE yrs) participated in this study. Scintigraphic method (food labeled with 99mTc sulfur colloid) was used for measurement of gastric emptying. RESULTS: Gastric emptying time was similar in both subclinical hyperthyroid and control groups (p=0.413). DISCUSSION: There are few studies on the subject of gastric emptying in hyperthyroidism with either delayed emptying or with emptying time similar to controls. In the only one study in subclinical hyperthyroidism, gastric emptying was found to be delayed. We also found that gastric emptying was delayed in subclinical hyperthyroidism. On the basis of this and other studies, we may suggest that in subclinical hyperthyroidism, gastric emptying of solids were similar to that in age-matched healthy control subjects and gastrointestinal dysfunction is dependent on severity of the hyperthyroid state and might be a result of impaired neuro-hormonal regulation. Yet the data must be supported on larger groups.
Role of insulin resistance in essential hypertension

IntroductionHypertension is a major health problem with widespread and sometimes devastating consequences. To confirm the role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, many studies have been conducted. As no data in this regard are available from our part of the world, our study focuses onestablishing the role of insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia in the hypertensive Kashmiri population. Materials and methodsThe study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital from December 2010 to October 2012. A total of 100 individuals aged above 18 years were recruited; 50 were newly detected cases of essential hypertension and 50 were age-matched and sex-matched normal healthy individuals. Serum insulin concentration was measured using an insulin electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). A comparison and contrast analysis of data was carried out using standard statistical methods. ResultsStatistically, the difference in mean fasting blood glucose between the two study groups was significant (P=0.0001). The mean fasting serum insulin level was 15.32±13.76 µU/ml in cases and 8.01±4.08 µU/ml in controls (reference range 2.6–24.9 µU/ml); the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The mean value of HOMA-IR in cases was 3.81±3.42 as compared with controls with a mean HOMA-IR value of 1.76±0.93. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.0001). ConclusionEssential hypertension is significantly associated with higher mean fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia has a possible role in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension with insulin resistance being the likely predominant mechanism.
Evaluation des Projekts „Schulcoaches – Seelische Fitness stärken und Selbsthilfe aktivieren„

− Evaluation eines primarpraventiven Ansatzes zum Erwerb und zur Starkung von Schlusselkompetenzen bei Schulern − zweijahrige Intervention, vom Verein „Irrsinnig Menschlich e.V. “ entwickelt − Implementierung eines Schulcoaches unter Einbeziehung aller Beteiligten des Systems Schule (Schuler, Lehrer, Eltern) − Aufbau von funktionierendem Netzwerk und Kommunikationsstruktur zur nachhaltigen Schaffung von gesundem Schulklima − Fokus im systemischem Arbeiten des Schulcoaches verstarkt auf der Forderung und dem Erhalt der psychischen Gesundheit − Projektschulen: zwei Gymnasien und drei Mittelschulen in Leipzig und im Landkreis Gorlitz (Berucksichtigung regionaler Spezifika)
The Effectiveness of Off-Loading Knee Orthoses in the Reduction of Pain in Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT The purpose of this review is to determine the effectiveness of knee orthoses in the treatment of pain in unilateral compartment osteoarthritis (OA). OA is the most common disorder affecting synovial joints, with structural changes of OA present in approximately half of the adults. The knee is the most commonly affected joint. Many treatments have been developed for OA, including the unloader knee orthosis. The principle of the unloader knee orthosis is to create a varus or valgus moment at the knee—theoretically creating additional space in the joint compartment, thus relieving pain caused by bone-on-bone contact. Several studies have been done, but none with a power or number of participants were large enough to demonstrate effective treatment of OA. Using the keywords “knee osteoarthritis” and “orthosis” or “brace,” the PubMed, CINAHL, RECAL, and ISI Web of Knowledge electronic databases were searched for randomized control trials with “orthoses” or “braces” for the knee between January 1980 and December 2010. Only studies that dealt with medial unilateral compartment knee OA and the use of a knee orthosis were selected. Of these articles, only experimental trials were selected based on the American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists State-of-the-Science Evidence Report Guidelines. A comparative analysis of the articles was used to determine the effectiveness of the orthoses in reducing pain. Forty-six initial articles were found. Of these, 15 articles were ultimately included and reviewed based on the inclusion guidelines. Most of these articles were either single-subject research or before-and-after studies. The majority were of moderate quality. Statistically significant pain reduction was noted by 73% of the studies reviewed, although all showed that there was pain reduction in the patients. Patient function and orthosis efficacy were also briefly examined, showing moderate increases of function. The rate of pain relief was further investigated and revealed that pain relief was almost immediate. OA knee orthoses are a cost-effective way to reduce pain in patients with medial compartment OA.