Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cohomological Invariants in Galois Cohomology

Cohomological invariants, Witt invariants, and trace forms: Contents by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi Introduction by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi The notion of "invariant" by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi Cohomological preliminaries: The local case by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi Cohomological preliminaries: The function field case by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi Specialization properties of cohomological invariants by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi Restriction and corestriction of invariants by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi Cohomological invariants of $O_n,SO_n,\ldots$ by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi Cohomological invariants of etale algebras by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi Witt invariants by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi The trace form in dimension $\le 7$ by J.-P. Serre and S. Garibaldi A letter from M. Rost to J-P. Serre by M. Rost A letter from J-P. Serre to R. S. Garibaldi by J.-P. Serre A letter from B. Totaro to J-P. Serre by B. Totaro Rost invariants of simply connected algebraic groups: Contents by A. Merkurjev and S. Garibaldi Rost invariants of simply connected algebraic groups by A. Merkurjev and S. Garibaldi The groups $H^{d+1}(F,\mathbb{Q}^mathbb{Z}(d))$ by A. Merkurjev and S. Garibaldi Tables of Dynkin indices by A. Merkurjev and S. Garibaldi Bibliography Index of notation Index of terms.
Chiral symmetry

Abs t rac t . Broken chiral symmetry has become the basis for a unified treatment of hadronic interactions at low energies. After reviewing mechanisms for spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, I outline the construction of the low-energy effective field theory of the Standard Model called chiral perturbation theory. The loop expansion and the renormalization procedure for this nonrenormalizable quantum field theory are developed. Evidence for the standard scenario with a large quark condensate is presented, in particular from high-statistics lattice calculations of the meson mass spectrum. Elastic pion-pion scattering is discussed as an example of a complete calculation to O(p 6) in the low-energy expansion. The meson-baryon system is the subject of the last lecture. After a short summary of heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory, a recent analysis of pion-nucleon scattering to O(p 3) is reviewed. Finally, I describe some very recent progress in the chiral approach to the nucleon-nucleon interaction.
Sensitivity of vortex pairing and mixing to initial perturbations in stratified shear flows

The effects of different initial perturbations on the evolution of stratified shear flows that are subject to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and vortex pairing have been investigated through Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). The effects of purely random perturbations of the background flow are sensitive to the phase of the subharmonic component of the perturbation that has a wavelength double that of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. If the phase relationship between the Kelvin-Helmholtz mode and its subharmonic mode is optimal, or close to it, vortex pairing occurs. Vortex paring is delayed when there is a phase difference, and this delay increases with increasing phase difference. In three dimensional simulations vortex pairing is suppressed if the phase difference is sufficiently large, reducing the amount of mixing and mixing efficiency. For a given phase difference close enough to the optimal phase, the response of the flow to eigenvalues perturbations is very similar to the response to random perturbations. In addition to traditional diagnostics, we show quantitatively that a non-modal Fourier component in a random perturbation quickly evolves to be modal and describe the process of vortex pairing using Lagrangian trajectories.
Discovery of a Dwarf Poststarburst Galaxy near a High Column Density Local Lyα Absorber

We report the discovery of a dwarf (MB = -13.9) poststarburst galaxy coincident in recession velocity (within uncertainties) with the highest column density absorber (NH i = 1015.85 cm-2 at cz = 1586 km s-1) in the 3C 273 sight line. This galaxy is by far the closest galaxy to this absorber, projected just 71 h kpc on the sky from the sight line. The mean properties of the stellar populations in this galaxy are consistent with a massive starburst ≈3.5 Gyr ago, whose attendant supernovae, we argue, could have driven sufficient gas from this galaxy to explain the nearby absorber. Beyond its proximity on the sky and in recession velocity, the further evidence in favor of this conclusion includes both a match in the metallicities of absorber and galaxy and the fact that the absorber has an overabundance of Si/C, suggesting recent Type II supernova enrichment. Thus, this galaxy and its ejecta are in the expected intermediate stage in the fading dwarf evolutionary sequence envisioned by Babul & Rees to explain the abundance of faint blue galaxies at intermediate redshifts. While this one instance of a QSO metal-line absorber and a nearby dwarf galaxy is not proof of a trend, a similar dwarf galaxy would be too faint to be observed by galaxy surveys around more distant metal-line absorbers. Thus, we cannot exclude the possibility that dwarf galaxies are primarily responsible for weak (NH i = 1014-1017 cm-2) metal-line absorption systems in general. If a large fraction of the dwarf galaxies expected to exist at high redshift had a similar history (i.e., they had a massive starburst that removed all or most of their gas), these galaxies could account for at least several hundred high-z metal-line absorbers along the line of sight to a high-z QSO. The volume-filling factor for this gas, however, would be less than 1%.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Ormeloxifene, a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Women with Non-Structural Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and objectives: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a significant clinical and gynaecological concern that necessitates its safe and effective treatment. The present study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness, safety, efficacy, and health-related quality of life of ormeloxifene with medroxyprogesterone acetate in women with non-structural abnormal uterine bleeding. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded clinical trial of 367 patients was carried out at a tertiary care hospital for a period of one year from 5 January 2019 to 4 January 2020. Patients were randomized into two groups for administering ormeloxifene and medroxyprogesterone acetate for a 3-month treatment duration and were evaluated by laboratorial investigations like anaemic status, bleeding duration, endometrial thickness, pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBLAC) score, and patient’s medical and medication history. Health-related quality of life was assessed using short form survey-36 (SF-36) questionnaire scale. Cost-effectiveness was determined on the basis of the three-month treatment regimen. Results: The mean duration of bleeding reduced from 16.88 ± 6.46 to 7.76 ± 1.55 in the ormeloxifene group and from 15.91 ± 5.04 to 8.7 ± 1.91 (p < 0.001) in the medroxyprogesterone acetate. Similarly, mean haemoglobin increased from 8.56 ± 0.77 to 10.1 ± 0.087 g/dL and from 8.60 ±0.97 to 9.551 ± 0.90 g/dL (p < 0.001), and endometrial thickness showed a reduction from 8.52 ± 1.61 mm to 6.92 ± 1.68 mm and from 8.40 ± 2.09 mm to 7.85 ± 2.0 mm (p < 0.001) in the ormeloxifene and medroxyprogesterone acetate groups, respectively. PBLAC score reduced from 289.92 ± 42.39 to 128.11 ± 33.10 and from 287.38 ± 40.94 to 123.5 ± 29.57 (p < 0.001) in these groups, respectively. Health-related quality of life improved in the ormeloxifene group more than the medroxyprogesterone group, which was evidenced by SF-36 scale parameters (physical function, energy/fatigue and pain) that changed from 24.39, 12.99, 6.25 to 28.95, 18, 9 and from 25.41, 13.6, 7.1 to 27.02, 16, 8.3 in the ormeloxifene and medroxyprogesterone acetate groups, respectively. Conclusions: The study concludes that both medroxyprogesterone acetate and ormeloxifene are safe and efficacious in controlling abnormal uterine bleeding, but ormeloxifene was the better of the two in terms of cost effectiveness, reduction in pictorial blood loss assessment score, endometrial thickness, bleeding duration (days), increase in haemoglobin concentration (g/dL) and improvement in the quality of life.
Two-dimensional structures of ferroelectric domain inversion in LiNbO3 by direct electron beam lithography

We report on the fabrication of domain-reversed structures in LiNbO3 by means of direct electron beam lithography at room temperature without any static bias. The LiNbO3 crystals were chemically etched after exposure of the electron beam, and then the patterns of domain inversion were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In our experiment, an interesting phenomenon occurred when the electron beam wrote a one-dimensional grating on the negative c face: a two-dimensional (2D) dotted array was observed on the positive c face, which is significant for its potential to produce 2D and three-dimensional photonic crystals. Furthermore, we also obtained 2D ferroelectric domain inversion in the whole LiNbO3 crystal by writing the 2D square pattern on the negative c face. Such a structure may be utilized to fabricate 2D nonlinear photonic crystal. AFM demonstrates that a 2D domain-reversed structure has been achieved not only on the negative c face of the crystal, but also across the whole thickness of th.
BV Photometry of Variable Stars in the Northeast Arm of the Small Magellanic Cloud

B and V photometry has been obtained for variable stars in the northeast arm of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Periods and light curves have been determined for 237 periodic variables, including 201 Cepheids, 68 of which are newly discovered. Fundamental-mode Cepheids and first-overtone–mode Cepheids are generally well separated in the BV color-magnitude diagram, with the latter having bluer mean colors than the former. The Cepheid period-color relationship for this outlying SMC field is indistinguishable from that seen in more centrally located SMC fields and is bluer than theoretical predictions. The red edge to the populated portion of the instability strip shifts to bluer colors for fainter Cepheids. There is support from our sample for a previously reported steepening in the slope of the period-luminosity relation for fundamental-mode Cepheids near a period of 2 days. The Cepheids of the northeast arm may be closer to us than are those of the main body of the SMC, but the difference is smaller than or equal to about 4 kpc, comparable to the tidal radius of the SMC.
Theoretical Evaluation of Potential Cytotoxicity of Graphene Quantum Dot to Adsorbed DNA

As a zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterial, graphene quantum dot (GQD) has a unique physical structure and electrochemical properties, which has been widely used in biomedical fields, such as bioimaging, biosensor, drug delivery, etc. Its biological safety and potential cytotoxicity to human and animal cells have become a growing concern in recent years. In particular, the potential DNA structure damage caused by GQD is of great importance but still obscure. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to investigate the adsorption behavior and the structural changes of single-stranded (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) on the surfaces of GQDs with different sizes and oxidation. Our results showed that ssDNA can strongly adsorb and lay flat on the surface of GQDs and graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), whereas dsDNA was preferentially oriented vertically on both surfaces. With the increase of GQDs size, more structural change of adsorbed ssDNA and dsDNA could be found, while the size effect of GOQD on the structure of ssDNA and dsDNA is not significant. These findings may help to improve the understanding of GQD biocompatibility and potential applications of GQD in the biomedical field.
Generalized Friedmann branes

We prove that for a large class of generalized Randall-Sundrum II type models the characterization of brane-gravity sector by the effective Einstein equation, Codazzi equation and the twice-contracted Gauss equation is equivalent with the bulk Einstein equation. We give the complete set of equations in the generic case of non-$Z_{2}$-symmetric bulk and arbitrary energy-momentum tensors both on the brane and in the bulk. Among these, the effective Einstein equation contains a varying cosmological constant and two new source terms. The first of these represents the deviation from $Z_{2}$ symmetry, while the second arises from the bulk energy-momentum tensor. We apply the formalism for the case of perfect fluid on a Friedmann brane embedded in a generic bulk. The generalized Friedmann and Raychaudhuri equations are given in a form independent of both the embedding and the bulk matter. They contain two new functions obeying a first order differential system, both depending on the bulk matter and the embedding. Then we focus on Friedmann branes separating two non-identical (inner or outer) regions of Reissner-Nordstr\"om-Anti de Sitter bulk space-times, generalizing previous non-$Z_{2}$-symmetric treatments. Finally the analysis is repeated for the Vaidya-Anti de Sitter bulk space-time, allowing for both ingoing and outgoing radiation in each region.
Inflectional Morphology: A Theoretical Study Based on Aspects of Latin Verb Conjugation

Part I. Introduction: 1. Preamble 2. The scope of a linguistic theory 3. Evaluating morphological theories Part II. Models of Inflectional Morphology: 4. Item and arrangement morphology: introductory remarks 5. Item and arrangement morphology: an outline formation 6. Characteristic problems of inflecting languages 7. Item and arrangement versus word and paradigm Part III. Towards a Generative Formulation: 8. Preamble 9. Word and paradigm morphology: model and morpholexical rules 10. Some outstanding problems in morphophonemics Part IV. Towards an Evaluation Procedure: 11. Preamble 12. Formal economy 13. Some alternative possibilities in morpholexics 14. Problems of evaluation in morphophonemics 15. Concluding observations Appendices References Indices.
A NEW CATALOG OF VARIABLE STARS IN THE FIELD OF THE OPEN CLUSTER M37

We present a comprehensive re-analysis of stellar photometric variability in the field of the open cluster M37 following the application of a new photometry and de-trending method to the MMT/Megacam image archive. This new analysis allows a rare opportunity to explore photometric variability over a broad range of timescales, from minutes to a month. The intent of this work is to examine the entire sample of more than 30,000 objects for periodic, aperiodic, and sporadic behaviors in their light curves. We show a modified version of the fast χ2 periodogram algorithm (Fχ2) and change-point analysis as tools for detecting and assessing the significance of periodic and non-periodic variations. The benefits of our new photometry and analysis methods are evident. A total of 2,306 stars exhibit convincing variations that are induced by flares, pulsations, eclipses, starspots, and unknown causes in some cases. This represents a 60% increase in the number of variables known in this field. Moreover, 30 of the previously identified variables are found to be false positives resulting from time-dependent systematic effects. The new catalog includes 61 eclipsing binary systems, 92 multiperiodic variable stars, 132 aperiodic variables, and 436 flare stars, as well as several hundreds of rotating variables. Based on extended and improved catalog of variables, we investigate the basic properties (e.g., period, amplitude, type) of all variables. The catalog can be accessed through the web interface (http://stardb.yonsei.ac.kr/).
Strong excitonic transition of Zn1−xMgxO alloy

A strong excitonic optical transition in a Zn1−xMgxO alloy grown by radical source molecular beam epitaxy was observed using both optical reflectivity measurements and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Clear and strong reflectance peaks at room temperature (RT) were observed from 3.42eV (x=0.05)to4.62eV (x=0.61) from ZnMgO layers at RT. Distinct clear PL spectra at RT were also observed for energies up to 4.06eV (x=0.44). The peak intensity of the reflected signal increased for x values up to x∼0.2 simultaneously with an increase in PL intensity; however, a Stokes shift between the reflectance peak and the PL peak was not observed for x values below 0.2. These facts suggest that the oscillator strength of ZnMgO is enhanced by alloying, and the underlying mechanism is discussed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the strong reflectance properties even at RT provide an easy method to determine the Mg composition of a thin ZnMgO layer in a ZnMgO∕ZnO heterostructure.
Observations of X‐ray reverberation around black holes

The X-ray emission from accreting black hole (BH) systems displays strong variability. Short reverberation lags are expected between the primary hard X-ray continuum and the reprocessed disc emission. These lags depend on light-travel distances, thus offering the opportunity to map the geometry of the innermost accretion flow. X-ray reverberation lags have been observed in several BH accreting systems. In radio quiet active galactic nuclei (AGN) these lags scale with BH mass and point to a reprocessing region located close to the Comptonizing X-ray corona. On the other hand, reverberation lags detected in the hard state of some BH X-ray binaries (BHXRB) suggest a different accretion flow geometry than in AGN, showing evidence of evolution as a function of luminosity.
Implications of Spikes in the Redshift Distribution of z ~ 3 Galaxies

We address the high peaks found by Steidel and coworkers in the redshift distribution of "Lyman-break" objects (LBOs) at redshift z ≃ 3. The highest spike represents a relative overdensity of 2.6 in the distribution of LBOs in pixels of comoving size ~10 h-1 Mpc. We examine the likelihood of such a spike in the redshift distribution within a suite of models for the evolution of structure in the universe, including models with Ω = 1 (a standard cold dark matter [SCDM] and a cold plus hot dark matter model [CHDM]) and with Ω0 = 0.4-0.5 (a flat cold dark matter model with a nonzero cosmological constant Λ [ΛCDM] and an open cold dark matter model [OCDM]). Using high-resolution dissipationless N-body simulations, we analyze deep pencil-beam surveys from these models in the same way that they are actually observed, identifying LBOs with the most massive dark matter halos. We find that all the models (with SCDM as a marginal exception) have a substantial probability of producing spikes similar to those observed, because the massive halos are much more clumped than the underlying matter; i.e., they are biased. Therefore, the likelihood of such a spike is not a good discriminator among these models. We find in these models that the mean biasing parameter b of LBOs with respect to dark matter varies within a range b ≃ 2-5 on a scale of ~10 h-1 Mpc. However, all models show considerable dispersion in their biasing, with the local biasing parameter reaching values as high as ten. We also compute the two-body correlation functions of LBOs predicted in these models. The LBO correlation functions are less steep than galaxies today (γ ≈ -1.4) but show similar or slightly longer correlation lengths.
Bioavailability of Different Zinc Sources in Pigs 0–3 Weeks Post-Weaning

Simple Summary The bioavailability of dietary zinc (Zn) in pigs is of importance for the Zn supply to the pig but also for Zn excretion through manure to the environment. The bioavailability of added Zn may differ according to the source of Zn applied but is also affected by other dietary components. The aim of this study was to determine biomarkers of Zn bioavailability (Zn digestibility and serum Zn status) following six different sources of Zn added at 100 mg/kg feed (two of the sources were also provided at 1000 mg/kg) and their effect on the productivity and faecal consistency score in piglets 0–3 weeks after weaning day 28. The digestibility of Zn on day 14 post-weaning was negative for all six Zn sources when added at 100 mg Zn/kg, indicating insufficient Zn supply. The Zn digestibility at 100 mg Zn/kg was affected by the Zn source but was not lower for traditional inorganic Zn oxide and Zn sulphate compared with processed inorganic or chelated organic sources of Zn. However, there were no differences in the serum Zn status, feed intake, gain or probability of diarrhoea depending on the Zn source when supplied at 100 mg/kg. Abstract The bioavailability of dietary zinc (Zn) in pigs may differ according to the Zn source and is affected by other components in the diet. The aim was to determine the biomarkers of Zn bioavailability (apparent total tract digestibility of Zn and serum Zn status) following six different sources of added Zn and their effect on the performance and faecal consistency score in piglets 0–3 weeks after weaning on day 28. The sources of Zn were Zn oxide (ZnO), Zn sulfate (ZnSO4), porous ZnO, Zn-glycinate, amino acid-bound Zn and hydroxy covalent-bound Zn added at 100 mg/kg (ZnO and ZnSO4 also added at 1000 mg/kg), in a total of eight treatments (n = 12/treatment). Pigs were individually housed, and titanium dioxide was included as an indigestible marker in the feed. The digestibility of Zn on day 14 post-weaning was negative for all six Zn sources at 100 mg Zn/kg, indicating insufficient Zn supply. The digestibility of Zn differed according to the Zn source, but the digestibility of Zn from ZnO and ZnSO4 did not differ between processed inorganic or chelated organic sources of Zn. However, the differences in Zn digestibility between Zn sources were not reflected as differences in the serum Zn status, feed intake, gain or probability of diarrhoea.
Phase diagrams of the extended Bose-Hubbard model in one dimension by Monte-Carlo simulation with the help of a stochastic-series expansion

In this paper, we study phase diagrams of the extended Bose-Hubbard model (EBHM) in one dimension by means of the quantum Monte-Carlo (QMC) simulation using the stochastic-series expansion (SSE). In the EBHM, there exists a nearest-neighbor repulsion as well as the on-site repulsion. In the SSE-QMC simulation, the highest particle number at each site, $n_c$, is also a controllable parameter, and we found that the phase diagrams depend on the value of $n_c$. It is shown that in addition to the Mott insulator, superfluid, density wave, the phase so-called Haldane insulator and supersolid appear in the phase diagrams, and their locations in the phase diagrams are clarified.