Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The performance of smallholder dairy farms in West Java

Small farmers dominate dairy farming in Indonesia, and the average productivity is low. An understanding of the performance of farmers and dairy farming businesses is needed to formulate policies for developing small-scale dairy farms. This study aims to provide information about the performance of dairy farms and recommend policies or measures to develop smallholder dairy farms in West Java. The data used in this paper is taken from the IndoDairy Smallholder Household Survey (ISHS) database, covering 600 dairy farm households selected randomly in Bandung, Garut, Cianjur, and Bogor Districts. Data collection took place between August and September 2017. A purposive and proportional random sampling method was utilized to select the samples. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis. The results show that the main income activity of households (80%) was dairy farming. In addition to dairy farming, households received 10% of their income from off-farm activities, 8% from horticultural production, 2% from other livestock, and 1% from crop production. On average, dairy herd sizes were 5.6 cows per farm, of which the highest found in Bogor (7.7) and lowest in Garut (3.1). The results also show that milk production per cow ranged from 14.1 to 15.2 liters/day/lactating cows, with an average of 14.9 liters/day/lactating cows. Policies and efforts to increase milk production, productivity, and quality of fresh milk through improving feed technology and better dairy farming management are critically important to increasing smallholder dairy farmers’ income in Indonesia, especially in West Java.
Spatial autocorrelation analysis of Covid-19 cases in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new coronavirus that was discovered in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. In March 2020, the outbreak extended throughout the world, including Indonesia and one of its provinces, South Kalimantan. This rapid expansion should belinked to people’s mobility between regions, hence the linkage across regions must be examined. In South Kalimantan Province, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the distribution and relationship across regions in terms of the number of positive COVID-19 cases, the number of additional positive COVID-19 cases, and the number of COVID-19 patients under treatment. The spatial autocorrelation analysis with the Moran Index and Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) tests were used to determine the spatial autocorrelation between what and what using what data/where the data obtained? from March 22 to September 30, 2020. Based on the results of the Moran Index test, it is known that there is a spatial autocorrelation in the number of cases, the number of additional cases and the number of positive confirmed COVID-19 patients in treatment between one region and another neighboring area. While the results of the LISA Index test show that Balangan Regency, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, Banjarmasin City, Tabalong Regency and Banjar Regency affect the level of COVID-19 cases in their respective neighboring areas. Therefore, there is a need for policies to control community mobility in those spatially correlated areas and increase testing and tracing to control the spread of COVID-19 cases in South Kalimantan Province.
Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think

Amazon Exclusive: Q&A with Kenneth Cukier and Viktor Mayer-Schonberger Q. What did it take to write Big Data? A. Kenn has written about technology and business from Europe, Asia, and the US for The Economist, and is well-connected to the data community. Viktor had researched the information economy as a professor at Harvard and now at Oxford, and his book Delete had been well received. So we thought we had a good basis to make a contribution in the area. As we wrote the book, we had to dig deep to find unheard stories about big data pioneers and interview them. We wanted Big Data to be about a big idea, but also to be full of examples and success stories -- and be engrossing to read. Q. Are you big datas cheerleaders? A. Absolutely not. We are the messengers of big data, not its evangelists. The big data age is happening, and in the book we take a look at the drivers, and big datas likely trajectory: how it will change how we work and live. We emphasize that the fundamental shift is not in the machines that calculate data, but in the data itself and how we use it. Q. In discovering big data applications, what was your biggest surprise? A. It is tempting to say that it was predicting exploding manholes, tracking inflation in real time, or how big data saves the lives of premature babies. But the biggest surprise for us perhaps was the very diversity of the uses of big data, and how it already is changing peoples everyday world. Many people see big data through the lens of the Internet economy, since Google and Facebook have so much data. But that misses the point: big data is everywhere. Q. Is Big Data then primarily a story about economic efficiency? A. Big data improves economic efficiency, but thats only a very small part of the story. We realized when talking to dozens and dozens of big data pioneers that it improves health care, advances better education, and helps predict societal changefrom urban sprawl to the spread of the flu. Big data is roaring through all sectors of the economy and all areas of life. Q. So big data offers only upside? A. Not at all. We are very concerned about what we call in our book the dark side of big data. However the real challenge is that the problem is not necessarily where we initially tend to think it is, such as surveillance and privacy. After looking into the potential misuses of big data, we became much more troubled by propensity -- that is, big data predictions being used to police and punish. And by the fetishization of data that may occur, whereby organizations may blindly defer to what the data says without understanding its limitations. Q. What can we do about this dark side? A. Knowing about it is the first step. We thought hard to suggest concrete steps that can be taken to minimize and mitigate big datas risk, and came up with a few ways to ensure transparency, guarantee human free will, and strike a better balance on privacy and the use of personal information. These are deeply serious issues. If we do not take action soon, it might be too late.
Hyperspectral Data Clustering Using Hellinger Divergence

Clustering is an important task in hyperspectral image processing. Despite the existence of a large number of clustering algorithms, little attention has been paid to the use of non-Euclidean dissimilarity measures in the clustering of hyperspectral data. This paper proposes a clustering technique based on the Hellinger divergence as a dissimilarity measure. The proposed technique uses Lloyd’s ideas of the k-means algorithm and gradient descent-based procedure to update clusters centroids. The proposed technique is compared with an alternative fast k-medoid algorithm implemented using the same metric from the viewpoint of clustering error and runtime. Experiments carried out using an open hyperspectral scene have shown the advantages of the proposed technique.
Rural and structural transformation and their impacts on household in East Java

Empirical evidence shows that rural transformation and structural transformation in Indonesia vary between provinces in both the depth and speed of the change. One province that the local government has claimed to undergo a rapid rural transformation is the province of East Java. This paper aims to analyze the structural and rural transformations in East Java using district-level secondary data for the 2000-2020 period, obtained from East Java Provincial Statistics. Data analysis uses qualitative and descriptive methods. The results show that structural and rural transformations in East Java vary between districts and development clusters. Some districts in East java experienced a rapid decline in the agricultural sector’s contribution in 1990-2020, both in terms of regional gross domestic product and employment, compared to other districts. The results also show that there has been a transformation within the agricultural sector, with the sub-sectors of non-food (commodities) have gradually shifted out the contribution of the food crop subsector. The relatively rapid structural and rural transformation in East Java has succeeded in increasing rural household incomes and reducing poverty incidence in the province. In the future, to continue increasing household income and reduce poverty, the East Java government needs to maintain the momentum of its success through more targeted pro-growth and pro-poor investment policies.
Balikpapan’s wind analysis to determine air quality monitoring point to support smart environment monitoring system

In this industrial era, air pollution become a concerning problem since it can cause some respiratory problems. One of the air pollutions was Sulphur dioxide which dilutes fast in atmospheric water vapor resulting in acid rain which can affect the organism. Thus, in this research, we study the probability of the receptor’s location according to wind direction, as the preliminary information on deciding monitoring point. The meteorological data were obtained from Balikpapan’s Agency for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysics. The wind data was then plotted using a wind rose plot program called WRPLOT. Afterward, the dominant wind speed and direction will then be analyzed using google earth to know which point will be affected by the pollution dispersion from the chimney in Balikpapan. The results show that wind in Balikpapan throughout 2020 mostly blew from Southwest to Northeast Direction. Thus, the most probable receptor locations were open green spaces with no settlement around. This will have less impact on human health. Nevertheless, further research can be conducted to know better the on-air dispersion model around the power plant, how the green plant will be suffered from this air pollution, and how this pollution will affect the workers around it.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of relaxation-oscillations and spectral hole burning effects in all-optical gain-clamped EDFA's for WDM networks

Experimental and theoretical analysis of the gain dynamics of all-optically stabilized multichannel erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and the impact on wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks performance requirements is presented. In particular, we focus on precise analysis of the detailed transient response of the surviving channel and the relaxation oscillations of the compensating (lasing) signal. The main objective of this work is to experimentally and theoretically analyze and examine some of the critical factors such as, lasing wavelength, gain recovery time, relaxation oscillation frequency of the feedback loop, and the number of channels dropped/added, that affect the transient power excursions in the surviving channel. First, we consider the applicability of laser automatic gain control (AGC) to control fast power transients in WDM optical networks and reports the first high resolution measurements of transients in such gain controlled EDFAs. Second, the experimental results are compared with those predicted from a numerical simulation of the dynamic of the gain controlled EDFA.
Implementation of higher order thinking laboratory (HOTLAB) on magnetic field with real blended virtual laboratory to improve students critical thinking skills

The 21st century demands critical thinking skills, problem solving, and communication skills, so physics education students must be prepared to have these skills in the current industrial 4.0 era. These skills can be trained and developed through Higher Order Thinking Laboratory (HOT-LAB) activities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the HOT-LAB laboratory type on the improvement of critical thinking skills on the concept of magnetic fields. This research uses One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The instrument uses questions of practical understanding and understanding of 10 questions. The results of data analysis showed that the average N-Gain score for the experimental class was 45.3 and the control class was 35.7. The use of HOTLAB in a real blended virtual laboratory has moderate effectiveness to improve Critical Thinking Skills on the subject of magnetic field.
Understanding the importance of fresh mango quality attributes from the perspective of Indonesian domestic consumers

The domestic market is the primary market of the Indonesian locally produced mango. There is a positive transition in the economy in this market, highlighting the increase of healthy lifestyles and changes in fresh agri-food product preferences, including fresh mango. Understanding how consumers in this community have a variation in preferences is essential to formulate the strategy to improve the performance of the Indonesian mango value chain. This study aims to identify quality attributes of fresh mango considered important by Indonesian domestic consumers. An online consumer survey involving 435 consumers was conducted in February 2021 in Jakarta, the biggest city in Indonesia. Based on the hierarchical cluster analysis, consumers are divided into four clusters based on their perception of the importance of mango quality attributes. The results highlight the differences between four clusters of respondents in giving importance to intrinsic and extrinsic mango quality attributes, where three out of four clusters concern with quality attributes importance. The differences in respondent characteristics in each cluster can represent how different consumers give importance to a mango quality attribute. It can be valuable information to improve mango value chain performance by understanding that most consumers are concerned about mango quality attributes’ importance.
Measuring the Gap between Car and Transit Accessibility: Estimating access using a High-Resolution Transit Network Geographic Information System

Accessibility is increasingly identified in the academic literature and in planning practice as a key criterion to assess transport policies and urban land use development. This paper contributes in two respects to the growing body of literature on accessibility and accessibility measurement. First, it proposes a set of accessibility measures that directly relates transit-based and car-based accessibility to each other. Second, it presents a tool based on a geographic information system (GIS) that measures accessibility at a high level of resolution. The tool, called Urban.Access, has been developed as an ArcGIS extension and can be used in urban regions worldwide, provided high-resolution GIS data are available. Urban.Access enables a detailed representation of travel times by transit and car and thus makes it possible to adequately compare accessibility levels by transport mode. The first application of Urban.Access to the Tel Aviv, Israel, region shows substantial gaps between car-based and transit-based accessibility throughout the metropolitan area. The paper ends with a brief discussion highlighting the policy consequences of this finding.
Modeling of current gain's temperature dependence in heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistors

The temperature dependence of the current gain is investigated for GaAs-based heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistors (HEBT's). With the separation of the p-n junction and the heterojunction, the mechanism of hole injection from the base to emitter in the HEBT is different from that of a conventional HBT. Theoretical results demonstrate that the thermionic emission current plays an important role for the hole current which results in a smaller negative or even positive temperature coefficient for the current gain. Experimental data show that the base current for HEBTs is indeed dominated by thermionic emission as predicted. This finding indicates that the HEBT structure is the suitable choice for high power and high speed applications.
Toward Real-Time Detection of Object Lifting Using Wearable Inertial Measurement Units

Back injuries and other occupational injuries are common in workers who engage in long, arduous physical labor. The risk of these injuries could be reduced using assistive devices that automatically detect an object lifting motion and support the user while they perform the lift; however, such devices must be able to detect the lifting motion as it occurs. We thus developed a system to detect the start and end of a lift (performed as a stoop or squat) in real time based on pelvic angle and the distance between the user’s hands and the user’s center of mass. The measurements were input to an algorithm that first searches for hand-center distance peaks in a sliding window, then checks the pelvic displacement angle to verify lift occurrence. The approach was tested with 5 participants, who performed a total of 100 lifts of four different types. The times of actual lifts were determined by manual video annotation. The median time error (absolute difference between detected and actual occurrence time) for lifts that were not false negatives was 0.11 s; a lift was considered a false negative if it was not detected within two seconds of it actually occurring. Furthermore, 95% of lifts that were detected occurred within 0.28 s of actual occurrence. This shows that it is possible to reliably detect lifts in real time based on the pelvic displacement angle and the distance between the user’s hands and their center of mass.
Quality of Rainwater from Different Roof Material

Roof material is an important consideration when designing a rainwater catchment system . This is because it affects the quality of the harvested rainwater which invariably affects the usage as potable or non potable. This study was carried out to determine the quality of rainwater from four different roofing materials (asbestos, aluminium, concrete and corrugated plastic) within Ogbomosho North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria, between the months of July to October, 2011. The rainwater samples were taken to the laboratory and analyzed as recommended by Nigerian standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDQW) and World Health Organization (WHO). All the Physical and most of the chemical parameters analyzed conformed to the recommended standard value apart from chloride and total hardness value. Of interest is the rainwater sample from asbestos roofing sheet which had the highest mean value for pH (6.75), total hardness (84 – 86mg/l), aluminium concentration (3 – 9 mg/l), copper (0.03 – 0.04 mg/l), nitrate (31.9 – 39mg/l), and sulphate value between 11- 14mg/l, although, all these parameters fell within the standard values. However, Coliform as bacterial indicator was present in samples from asbestos, concrete and corrugated plastic roof, only the aluminium roof was free from pathogenic contamination. To ensure that the rainwater harvested satisfies health requirement for consumption as specified, all the harvested rainwater should be given some level of treatment in terms of pH, total hardness, chloride concentration and bacterial contamination. It was recommended that the rainwater from all the roofs in this case study area, be carefully examined. Consequently, if the harvested rainwater is being considered for domestic use, the gutters and the catchment areas should be regularly cleaned to remove animal droppings and leaves from over hanging trees as well as boiled to adequate temperature.
Combining ability analysis in Lagenaria siceraria for growth and yield attributes

The experiment was conducted to access the magnitude of variance for GCA and SCA and identify promising parents and crosses for further improvement in bottle gourd under semi-arid conditions. Eight parents were crossed in diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) in Zaid-2015. In kharif-2016, these parents and F1s were evaluated in RBD with three replications under four environments. Results showed environment wise combining ability analysis revealed significant differences for GCA and SCA variances indicating necessity of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the genetic control of characters studied. The GCA/SCA showed preponderance of non-additive gene action for most of the characters. As regards GCA effects, parents PSPL, NR and PN for days to opening of first female flower, days to first fruit set, number of nodes at first female flower appearance, number of primary branches, number of marketable fruits per vine, number of pickings and total fruit yield; PSPL and PN for fruit length and PK for fruit girth emerged as good general combiner. The crosses viz. PSPL × NR, PN × PSPL, PN × PS for days to opening of first female flower, days to first fruit set, number of primary branches, fruit girth, number of pickings, PSPL × NR, PK × AB, PN × PSPL for number of nodes at first female flower appearance, number of marketable fruits per vine, PSPL × NR, PK × AB, PN × PS for fruit length and PN × PS, PK × AB, PN × PSPL for fruit yield (q/ha) had maximum SCA effects in desirable direction emerged as good specific combiners. All these crosses offer good promise for improvement of respective component characters in specific environment and ultimately fruit yield.
Comparison between the modelled response of primary motor cortex neurons to pulse-width modulated and conventional TMS stimuli

In this study, the neural response to pulse-width modulated (PWM) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is estimated using a computational neural model which simulates the response of cortical neurons to TMS. The recently introduced programmable TMS uses PWM to approximate conventional resonance-based TMS pulses by fast switching between voltage levels. The effect of such stimulation on the six cortical layers is modelled by estimating the activation threshold of the neurons. Modelling results are compared between the novel device and that of conventional TMS stimuli generated by Magstim stimulators. The neural responses to the PWM pulses and the conventional stimuli show a high correlation, which validates the use of pulse-width modulated pulses in TMS.Clinical Relevance— This computational modelling study demonstrates an equivalent effect of PWM and conventional TMS pulses on the nervous system which paves the way to more flexibility in exploring and choosing stimulation parameters for TMS treatment.