Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Discovery of Stromatolites Developing at 3570 m above Sea Level in a High-Altitude Volcanic Lake Socompa, Argentinean Andes

We describe stromatolites forming at an altitude of 3570 m at the shore of a volcanic lake Socompa, Argentinean Andes. The water at the site of stromatolites formation is alkaline, hypersaline, rich in inorganic nutrients, very rich in arsenic, and warm (20–24°C) due to a hydrothermal input. The stromatolites do not lithify, but form broad, rounded and low-domed bioherms dominated by diatom frustules and aragonite micro-crystals agglutinated by extracellular substances. In comparison to other modern stromatolites, they harbour an atypical microbial community characterized by highly abundant representatives of Deinococcus-Thermus, Rhodobacteraceae, Desulfobacterales and Spirochaetes. Additionally, a high proportion of the sequences that could not be classified at phylum level showed less than 80% identity to the best hit in the NCBI database, suggesting the presence of novel distant lineages. The primary production in the stromatolites is generally high and likely dominated by Microcoleus sp. Through negative phototaxis, the location of these cyanobacteria in the stromatolites is controlled by UV light, which greatly influences their photosynthetic activity. Diatoms, dominated by Amphora sp. , are abundant in the anoxic, sulfidic and essentially dark parts of the stromatolites. Although their origin in the stromatolites is unclear, they are possibly an important source of anaerobically degraded organic matter that induces in situ aragonite precipitation. To the best of our knowledge, this is so far the highest altitude with documented actively forming stromatolites. Their generally rich, diverse and to a large extent novel microbial community likely harbours valuable genetic and proteomic reserves, and thus deserves active protection. Furthermore, since the stromatolites flourish in an environment characterized by a multitude of extremes, including high exposure to UV radiation, they can be an excellent model system for studying microbial adaptations under conditions that, at least in part, resemble those during the early phase of life evolution on Earth.
The hydrogeochemistry of the Jurassic limestones in Gloucestershire, England

Summary This study is a review of the major and minor chemical constituents in groundwater in the Jurassic limestones of Gloucestershire, England. Particular emphasis has been placed on the identification of hydrogeochemical processes. Groundwaters in the limestones of the Great Oolite Series and the Inferior Oolite Series, where they are unconfined, are of the Ca, HCO3 type. In areas where both limestone series are confined beneath clays there is a gradual change in the chemistry to a Na, HCO3 type. Deep within the confined limestones, particularly in the Great Oolite series, an Na, Cl component has been identified. Natural heavy metal concentrations are generally very low except where old pipework has influenced the Pb or Zn content. Significant down-dip chemical changes in terms of redox conditions, pH, dissolved oxygen content, ion-exchange and the concentrations of minor constituents are exhibited by groundwaters in the limestones of both series. An oxidation-reduction zone has been defined in each limestone unit. In the Inferior Oolite the zone occurs some 8 km down-gradient from the onset of confined conditions. In the Great Oolite a similar zone occurs 1–2 km into the confined area. The delay in the onset of reducing conditions in the Inferior Oolite is tentatively attributed to leakage of Great Oolite water through the intervening Fullers Earth.
The Criteria of Inbound Marketing to Segment and Explain the Domain Authority of the Cellars' E-Commerce in the Canary Islands

This study uses an inbound measuring instrument to segment the cellar’s e-commerce in the Canary Islands. One of the central claims of this paper is that inbound marketing comprises several dimensions such as content resources, SEO, social media, digital maturity, and e-commerce growth, such that it implies superior levels of personalisation, flexibility, service, security, and privacy, product and shop transparency, advanced technology, and data mining. After raising three research questions, this study performed fieldwork based on web analytics procedures, extracting metrics from 59 cellars’ websites thanks to employing a broad range of software. The sampling procedure was non-probabilistic and judgmental, took place in the spring of 2023, and gathered relevant metrics to build an inbound scale. The data prove that the inbound measuring instrument can rank and segment the Canary Islands’ marketplace. Although this study has put forward a tentative explanation and application of the inbound marketing notion and tools, findings suggest a need for a more significant effort to explore how generalizable the created measuring instrument is.
Fish otoliths the Middle Miocene (Badenian) deposits of southern Poland

The otoliths of teleost fishes the Middle Miocene (Badenian) marine deposits (Upper Langhian - Lower Serravalian, 15 MY ago) of southern Poland, studied in the six key sections (Korytnica Basin, Nawodzice, and Rybnica in the Holy Cross Mountains; Łychow area in the Lublin Upland; Beczyn at the Carpathian margin; Niskowa in the Carpathians), appear to significant components of diversified organic assemblages which may be interpreted in terms the composition and structure particular communities. These communities are indicative of a spectrum facies that ranges from near-shore ones, confirmed either to rocky (Korytnica) or to flat sandy shores (Nawodzice, Niskowa), through the variable offshore facies (Rybnica, Łychow), to those approaching a deep neritic or even bathyal zone (Beczyn). The systematically accounted forms, totaling over 22,600 specimens, represent 145 taxa distinguishable at their species Ievel, the three of which are viz. Micromesistius arcuatus sp. n. , "genus Bythitinarum" wenglinelis sp. n. , and Sciaena rybnicensis sp. n. The richest numerically and most taxonomically assemblage is that of the world-famous Korytnica Basin which contains 105 taxa belonging to 47 families. A comparison with ololiths of the present-day fishes (NOLF'S Collection) allowed to revise a number of taxa of ancient forms, and to recognize the presence of some forms formerly unknown from the fossil state. Of the revised taxa, noticeable is the well-known species " Gadus " vel " Colliolus " friedbergi , established the Polish material by CHAINE & DUVERGIER in 1928, and which revealed to be identical with Trisopterus sculptus (KOKEN, 1891). Moreover, highlighted is the occurrence species indicative of tropical and/or subtropical climatic conditions and of the lndo-Pacific bioprovince affinitties. Of such forms, significant are i.a. rare representatives of the families Chaetodontidae BONAPARTE, 1832, and Scaridae RAFlNESQUE, 1810, which are typical coral-reef dwellers in modem faunas.
Estimation of Total Carbon Stockpile and Sequestration Rates in Degraded and Non-degraded Sites of Oak and Pine Forests of Kumaun Central Himalaya

Rates at which CO 2 is being sequestered in two different forest types of Himalaya was computed. For comparative study degraded and non-degraded sites of pine and oak forests in Kumaun Central Himalaya were selected. The Van Panchayats (VPs) or community forests are managing the nondegraded forest sites for centuries. It was found that the sequestration of CO 2 in non-degraded forests is significantly greater than the degraded forests. On the basis of present study significance of community forests in both Uttarakhand and the world is recommended and advocated to fight against the global warming as forests ultimately become the sink for increased CO 2 worldwide. The 'carbon trading' will indeed evolve as the panacea the war against global warming.
Learning to Disagree in a Game of Experimentation Learning to Disagree in a Game of Experimentation *

We analyse strategic experimentation in which information arrives through fully revealing , publicly observable " breakdowns. " With hidden actions, there exists a unique equilibrium that involves randomization over stopping times. This randomization induces belief disagreement on the equilibrium path. When actions are observable, the equilibrium is pure, and welfare improves. We analyse the role of policy interventions such as subsidies for experimentation and risk-sharing agreements. We show that the optimal risk-sharing agreement restores the first-best outcome, independent of the monitoring structure. Toronto and SAET for their helpful comments, and we are grateful to Xiaosheng Mu for the excellent research assistance.
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy Prevention and Treatment Options: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant health concern affecting numerous expectant mothers across the globe. CMV is the leading cause of health problems and developmental delays among infected infants. Notably, this study examines CMV infection in pregnancy, its management, prevention mechanisms, and treatment options. Methods: Specifically, information from the Cochrane Library, PUBMED, Wiley Online, Science Direct, and Taylor Francis databases were reviewed along with additional records identified through the register, the Google Scholar search engine. Based on the search, 21 articles were identified for systematic review. Results: A total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were utilized for a meta-analytic review. As heterogeneity was substantial, the random effects model was used for meta-analysis. Utilizing the random-effects model, the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach, the estimate of effect size (d = −0.479, 95% CI = −0.977 to 0.019, p = 0.060) suggests the results are not statistically significant, so it cannot be inferred that the prevention methods used were effective, despite an inverse relationship between treatment and number of infected cases. The findings indicated that several techniques are used to prevent, diagnose, and manage CMV infection during pregnancy, including proper hygiene, ultrasound examination (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amniocentesis, viremia, hyperimmunoglobulin (HIG), and valacyclovir (VACV). Conclusions: The current review has significant implications for addressing CMV infection in pregnancy. Specifically, it provides valuable findings on contemporary management interventions to prevent and treat CMV infection among expectant mothers. Therefore, it allows relevant stakeholders to address these critical health concerns and understand the effectiveness of the proposed prevention and treatment options.
Reduced upper ocean turbulence and changes to bubble size distributions during large downward heat flux events

During the Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean (RaDyO) field study south of Hawaii in September 2009, simultaneous observations of total heat flux, upper ocean turbulence and bubble size distributions suggest that large downward heat flux modulates the upper ocean turbulence dissipation rates and subsequently the upper ocean bubble field. The observations show that the turbulence dissipation rates near the ocean surface are reduced by a factor of 10 during periods with high downward heat flux (> 400 Wm-2). Simultaneously, the observations of bubble size distributions at a depth of 0.5 m show that there were significantly lower concentrations of bubbles with radii greater than 100 ? m than during a winter study in the Gulf of Mexico. Also, the number of bubbles with radii greater than 200 ? m is found to be dependent on the heat flux, with fewer such bubbles during stable (positive heat flux) conditions. The reduced number of larger bubbles reduces the effect of the bubble field on optical reflectance by up to a factor of 3 compared to other locations at similar wind speeds.
Uso de la Fauna Silvestre en la Comunidad Maya Villa De Guadalupe, Campeche, México.

En el presente estudio se obtuvo la valoracion de uso directo de la fauna silvestre por una comunidad maya, con la finalidad de ubicar la importancia del conocimiento local en el proceso de conservacion y uso sustentable de la biodiversidad. Se trabajo durante el 2009 con la comunidad Villa de Guadalupe, Campeche, Mexico. Se empleo el metodo de valoracion participativa local, aplicando la tecnica de entrevistas estandarizadas (n= 66), asi como el indice de valor de uso (IVU). Se registro el aprovechamiento de 53 especies animales (un aracnido, tres insectos, seis reptiles, 23 aves y 20 mamiferos), las cuales son aprovechadas bajo ocho categorias de uso: alimento, medicinal, mascota, mitico, comercio, ornamental, peletero y herramienta. El 66% de las especies presentaron un IVU bajo, el 22.6% un IVU medio, siendo especies que generalmente ostentan utilidad unicamente en tres categorias de uso (alimento, medicinal y mascota). La clase con valor de uso alto (0.092-0.151), esta representada por tres especies que corresponde al 5.6% del total de especies. En esta clase estan: el armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus; IVU= 0.100), el tzereque (Dasyprocta punctata; IVU= 0.129) y el tepezcuintle (Cuniculus paca);IVU= 0.134). Asimismo, 5.6% de las especies registran un valor de uso muy alto (0.152-0.211) entre las que se ubican el venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus; IVU= 0.179), el puerco de monte (Pecari tajacu; IVU= 0.164) y el venado temazate (Mazama americana; IVU= 0.160). El registro actual de numerosas especies animales con valor de uso, constituye un reflejo de la estrategia de manejo integral de los recursos que practica la comunidad maya Villa de Guadalupe, a partir de la cual satisfacen localmente sus necesidades materiales y culturales, a la vez de favorecer el aprovechamiento sustentable y conservacion de la biodiversidad a nivel regional.
Bioavailability Assessment of Metals from the Coastal Sediments of Tropical Estuaries Based on Acid-Volatile Sulfide and Simultaneously Extracted Metals

Bioavailability assessment is important for evaluating the risks to the local biota, and the combined use of several ecological risk indices in eutrophic environments allows the best analysis of the local reality for decision-making. The relationship between acid volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) allows us to infer the metal holding capacity of sediment, with the objective of evaluating the potential bioavailability of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using ecological risk indices, such as the ΣSEM/AVS model and Adverse Effect Index (AEI), in surface sediments from Guanabara Bay and Sepetiba Bay, Brazil. AVS was determined using a colorimetric method and SEM with ICP-OES. In general, almost all sampling in Sepetiba Bay showed ΣSEM/AVS ratio values above 1. However, all results for the ΣSEM/AVS ratio found for the Guanabara Bay sediments were <1 for both estuaries. After normalization by organic carbon content, a possible toxicity risk for biota was found in Sepetiba Bay. However, the AEI in Guanabara Bay was above 1 for all metals in most samples, also indicating a risk to the biota.
A precisely dated Proterozoic palaeomagnetic pole from the North China craton, and its relevance to palaeocontinental reconstruction

A palaeomagnetic pole position, derived from a precisely dated primary remanence, with minimal uncertainties due to secular variation and structural correction, has been obtained for China’s largest dyke swarm, which trends for about 1000 km in a NNW direction across the North China craton. Positive palaeomagnetic contact tests on two dykes signify that the remanent magnetization is primary and formed during initial cooling of the intrusions. The age of one of these dykes, based on U–Pb dating of primary zircon, is 1769.1 ± 2.5 Ma. The mean palaeomagnetic direction for 19 dykes, after structural correction, is D = 36°, I = − 5°, k = 63, α95 = 4°, yielding a palaeomagnetic pole at Plat=36°N, Plong=247°E, dp = 2°, dm = 4° and a palaeolatitude of 2.6°S. Comparison of this pole position with others of similar age from the Canadian Shield allows a continental reconstruction that is compatible with a more or less unchanged configuration of Laurentia, Siberia and the North China craton since about 1800 Ma
Aberystwyth University Improving Synthetic to Realistic Semantic Segmentation with Parallel Generative Ensembles for Autonomous Urban Driving

—Semantic segmentation is paramount for autonomous vehicles to have a deeper understanding of the surrounding trafﬁc environment and enhance safety. Deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved remarkable performances in semantic segmentation. However, training such a DNN requires a large amount of labelled data at pixel level. In practice, it is a labour-intensive task to manually annotate dense pixel-level labels. To tackle the problem associated with a small amount of labelled data, Deep Domain Adaptation (DDA) methods have recently been developed to examine the use of synthetic driving scenes so as to signiﬁcantly reduce the manual annotation cost. Despite remarkable advances, these methods unfortunately suffer from the generalisability problem that fails to provide a holistic representation of the mapping from the source image domain to the target image domain. In this paper, we therefore develop a novel ensembled DDA to train models with different up-sampling strategies, discrepancy and segmentation loss functions. The models are, therefore, complementary with each other to achieve better generalisation in the target image domain. Such a design does not only improve the adapted semantic segmentation performance, but also strengthen the model reliability and robustness. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiorities of our approach over several state-of-the-art methods.
287 Does higher education enhance migration?

This paper examines the causal impact of education on within-country migration. A major higher education reform took place in Finland in the 1990s. It gradually transformed former vocational colleges into polytechnics and expanded higher education to all regions. The reform created exogenous variation in the regional supply of higher education. Using the reform as an instrument, our estimation results show that polytechnic graduates have a 7.5 (13.7) percentage points higher migration probability during a three-year (six-year) follow-up period than vocational college graduates. JEL classification: J10
Stochastic Complementarity (cid:3)

The Hicksian deﬁnition of complementarity and substitutability may not apply in contexts in which agents are not utility maximisers or where price or income variations, whether implicit or explicit, are not available. We look for tools to identify complementarity and substitutability satisfying the following criteria: they are behavioural (based only on observable choice data); model-free (valid whether the agent is rational or not); and they do not rely on price or income variation. We uncover a conﬂict between properties that it is arguably reasonable for a complementarity notion to possess. We discuss three different possible resolutions of the conﬂict. J
Long-Term Environmental Monitoring of an Operating Deep Geologic Nuclear Waste Repository - 8184

In the present energy dilemma in which we find ourselves, the magnitude of humanity’s energy needs requires that we embrace a multitude of various energy sources and applications. Nuclear energy must be a major portion of the distribution. One often-cited strategic hurdle to the commercial production of nuclear energy is the apparent lack of an acceptable nuclear waste repository. This issue has been quietly addressed at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP; see http://www.wipp.energy.gov), the closest population center of significant size being Carlsbad, New Mexico. WIPP has been operating for about nine years, disposing of over 250,000 drum-equivalents of nuclear waste. From the standpoint of addressing operational and environmental risk, as well as public fear, WIPP has had extensive human health and environmental monitoring. The Carlsbad Environmental Monitoring and Research Center is in the Institute for Energy and the Environment, in the College of Engineering at New Mexico State University. Located in Carlsbad, NM, CEMRC has been the independent monitoring facility for the area around WIPP from 1993 to the present, i.e., from six years before disposal operations began to nine years of waste disposal operations (www.cemcr.org). Based on the radiological analyses of monitoring samples completed to date for area residents and site workers, and for selected aerosols, soils, sediments, drinking water and surface waters, there is no evidence of increases in radiological contaminants in the region of WIPP that could be attributed to releases from WIPP. Levels of radiological and non-radiological analytes measured since operations began in 1999 have been within the range of baseline levels measured previously, and are within the ranges measured by other entities at the State and local levels since well before disposal phase operations began in 1999.
Local absorptive capacity, inward FDI knowledge spillovers and regional innovation: an assessment to Brazilian regions

There is a strong recognition that inward FDI spillovers can be an important channel for the introduction of new technological knowledge in host regions, with positive effects on regional innovation. In this paper, we aim to examine the role of the local absorptive capacity in moderating the relation between inward FDI spillovers and regional innovation. Previous studies increasingly recognize that the host region absorptive capacity matters for knowledge spillovers and innovation, but there is little empirical evidence on how local absorptive capacity can be a moderating factor for the relation between inward FDI and regional innovation. We use data on investments of multinational companies (MNCs) in Brazilian regions in the 2003-2014 period and relate them to regional innovative performance measured by patents. Our results show that the greater the local absorptive capacity, expressed by the local firms’ capabilities and by the local academic efforts, the greater the benefits of inward FDI spillovers on regional innovation.
Utility of Remote Sensing–Based Two-Source Energy Balance Model under Low- and High-Vegetation Cover Conditions

Abstract Two resistance network formulations that are used in a two-source model for parameterizing soil and canopy energy exchanges are evaluated for a wide range of soybean and corn crop cover and soil moisture conditions during the Soil Moisture–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX). The parallel resistance formulation does not consider interaction between the soil and canopy fluxes, whereas the series resistance algorithms provide interaction via the computation of a within-air canopy temperature. Land surface temperatures were derived from high-resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) scenes and aircraft imagery. These data, along with tower-based meteorological data, provided inputs for the two-source energy balance model. Comparison of the local model output with tower-based flux observations indicated that both the parallel and series resistance formulations produced basically similar estimates with root-mean-square difference (RMSD) values ranging from approximatel.