Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypodopaminergia and "Precision Behavioral Management" (PBM): It is a Generational Family Affair.

BACKGROUND/AIMS This case series presents the novel Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS®) coupled with a customized pro-dopamine regulator matched to polymorphic reward genes having a hypodopaminergic risk. METHODS The proband is a female with a history of drug abuse and alcoholism. She experienced a car accident under the influence and voluntarily entered treatment. Following an assessment, she was genotyped using the GARS, which divulged a polymorphic matched neuro-nutrient with a KB220Z base. She began taking it in April 2018 and continues. RESULTS She had success in recovery from Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and improvement in socialization, family, economic status, well-being, and attenuation of Major Depression. She tested negative over the first two months in treatment and a recent screening. Following approximately two months into the program, her parents also decided to take the GARS and started taking the recommended variants. The proband's father (a binge drinker) and mother (no SUD) both showed improvement in various behavioral issues. Finally, the proband's biological children were also GARS tested, showing a high risk for SUD. CONCLUSIONS This three-generation case series represents an example of the impact of both genetic information coupled with an appropriate DNA guided "Pro-Dopamine Regulator" in recovery and enhancement of life.
Mortality in persons with disability pension due to common mental disorders: A cohort study of Swedish construction workers

Aims: This study investigated mortality in disability pensions due to common mental disorder, and variation over time after first receiving disability pension. Methods: Objectives were explored in 301,863 construction workers (97.2% men) recruited through healthcare examinations from 1971–1993. By linking with the Swedish National Insurance Agency registers, disability pensions until 2014 were identified. Common mental disorder was defined as disability pension diagnosis due to anxiety, stress-related disorders or moderate depression. Mortality was calculated in all-psychiatric diagnosis and diagnostic sub-groups, and compared to persons without disability pensions, using Poisson regression. Additional analyses were stratified by age at follow-up. Results: In total 6030 subjects received disability pensions based on psychiatric diagnoses, and 2624 constituted common mental disorder. Analyses in an all-psychiatric diagnosis displayed increased mortality risks in men (relative risk 3.6; 95% confidence interval 3.3–3.9) and women (relative risk 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.6–2.6). Common mental disorder was associated with mortality, especially in men (relative risk 2.5; 95% confidence interval 2.2–2.8). Increased relative risks in alcohol and substance abuse were also observed. Results in analyses stratified by age at follow-up displayed persistent high relative risks for mortality in older ages (75–89 years) in men in all-psychiatric disability pensions diagnosis (relative risk 2.8; 95% confidence interval 2.1–3.7) and common mental disorder diagnosis (relative risk 2.6; 95% confidence interval 1.8–3.6), compared to men without disability pensions. Similar results were found in women, but few cases lowered the precision of estimates. Conclusions: This study shows that disability pension based on common mental disorders, often regarded as a ‘lighter’ psychiatric diagnosis, is a risk for early mortality in construction workers, even several years after first receiving disability pension.
Performance Factors in Dinghy Sailing: Laser Class

Despite the relationship between performance and anthropometric characteristics, strength, and endurance in the action of dinghy hiking, there is no equation to predict the position obtained in competition. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anthropometric characteristics, strength, and endurance on the performance of the sailor. Twenty-nine male sailors of the Laser class were evaluated according to age, navigation experience, strength and resistance tests in a simulator, body weight, size, sitting height, Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage, trochanteric length, thigh length, tibial length, foot length, abdominal perimeter, and upper thigh perimeter. The results show that the variables were related to performance are age, navigation experience, height, and length of the thigh. The variables that are most related to performance are age and sailing experience. Seventy-six percent of the performance can be estimated using the following equation: 311.971 + (−1.089 × height) + (−1946 × age) + (−1.537 × thigh length). Performance in the Laser class will be determined by the tactics (age and sailing experience) and the morphological characteristics of the sailor (height and sitting height).
Physical Performance and Quality of Life after Ankle Fusion Körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität nach Arthrodese des oberen Sprunggelenks

Abstract Introduction Ankle fusion is still considered as an established therapy for end-stage ankle osteoarthritis. To determine exact description of postoperative functioning, it is necessary to consult a variety of functional scores and quality of life questionnaires. Methods/Patients 34 patients with 34 ankle fusions were investigated on average 5.9 years postoperatively by functional tests and health-related quality of life questionnaires (AOFAS hindfoot score [AOFAS: American Orthopaedic Foot/Ankle Society], Foot Function Index [FFI], Lower Extremity Functional Scale [LEFS], Lower Extremity Activity Scale [LEAS], Visual Analogue Scale Foot/Ankle Surgery [VAS FA], Short Form 36 [SF-36], EuroQol 5D [EQ-5D]). Results After ankle fusion: the majority of cases gain pain reduction, but residual symptoms may persist; the maximum walking distance (subjectively more than objectively) will be extended; rarely walking without any aids can be achieved; in most cases, the gait pattern is only slightly changed; the re-entry into working life is often possible; climbing stairs without any restrictions is not always possible; the psychological situation will be equalized with that of healthy people. Conclusion The results of the study confirm the success rates of ankle fusions in the majority of cases. Well defined limitations and residual symptoms can be named on the basis of the available data. Zusammenfassung Einleitung Die obere Sprunggelenkarthrodese (OSG-Arthrodese) gilt nach wie vor als etablierte Therapie der endgradigen OSG-Arthrose. Zur exakten Darstellung der postoperativen Funktionsfähigkeit ist es nötig eine Vielzahl an funktionellen Scores und Fragebögen zur Lebensqualität zur Rate zu ziehen. Methodik/Patienten 34 Patienten mit 34 OSG-Arthrodesen wurden im Mittel 5,9 Jahre postoperativ durch funktionelle Tests und mit Fragebögen zur gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (AOFAS-Rückfußscore [AOFAS: American Orthopaedic Foot/Ankle Society], Foot-Function-Index [FFI], Lower Extremity Functional Scale [LEFS], Lower Extremity Activity Scale [LEAS], Visual Analogue Scale Foot/Ankle Surgery [VAS FA], Short Form 36 [SF-36], EuroQol 5D [EQ-5D]) nachuntersucht. Ergebnisse Durch die OSG-Arthrodese konnte: in der Mehrzahl der Fälle eine Schmerzreduktion, jedoch meist keine vollständige Schmerzfreiheit erreicht werden; die maximale Gehstrecke (subjektiv mehr als objektiv) verlängert werden; selten ein Gehen ohne jegliche Hilfsmittel erreicht werden; sich das Gangbild in den meisten Fällen objektiv nur sehr leicht verändern; der Wiedereinstieg ins Berufsleben oft ermöglicht werden; das Treppensteigen nicht immer problemlos ermöglicht werden; die psychische Situation mit derjenigen fußgesunder Personen angeglichen werden. Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der Studie belegen den Erfolg der OSG-Arthrodese in der Mehrzahl der Fälle. Konkrete Einschränkungen und Restbeschwerden können den Patienten anhand der vorliegenden Daten genannt werden.
Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic SCT Promotes the Recovery of Gut Microbiome Homeostasis

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the first-line immunotherapy to treat several hematologic disorders, although it can be associated with many complications reducing the survival rate, such as acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and infections. Given the fundamental role of the gut microbiome (GM) for host health, it is not surprising that a suboptimal path of GM recovery following HSCT may compromise immune homeostasis and/or increase the risk of opportunistic infections, with an ultimate impact in terms of aGvHD onset. Traditionally, the first nutritional approach in post-HSCT patients is parenteral nutrition (PN), which is associated with several clinical adverse effects, supporting enteral nutrition (EN) as a preferential alternative. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of EN vs. PN on the trajectory of compositional and functional GM recovery in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT. The GM structure and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production profiles were analyzed longitudinally in twenty pediatric patients receiving HSCT—of which, ten were fed post-transplant with EN and ten with total PN. According to our findings, we observed the prompt recovery of a structural and functional eubiotic GM layout post-HSCT only in EN subjects, thus possibly reducing the risk of systemic infections and GvHD onset.
Second cancers in MPN: Survival analysis from an international study

One out of ten patients with Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) develop a second cancer (SC): in such patients we aimed at assessing the survival impact of SC itself and of MPN‐specific therapies. Data were therefore extracted from an international nested case‐control study, recruiting 798 patients with SC diagnosed concurrently or after the MPN. Overall, 2995 person‐years (PYs) were accumulated and mortality rate (MR) since SC diagnosis was 5.9 (5.1‐6.9) deaths for every 100 PYs. A “poor prognosis” SC (stomach, esophagus, liver, pancreas, lung, ovary, head‐and‐neck or nervous system, osteosarcomas, multiple myeloma, aggressive lymphoma, acute leukemia) was reported in 26.3% of the patients and was the cause of death in 65% of them (MR 11.0/100 PYs). In contrast, patients with a “non‐poor prognosis” SC (NPPSC) incurred a MR of 4.6/100 PYs: 31% of the deaths were attributed to SC and 15% to MPN evolution. At multivariable analysis, death after SC diagnosis was independently predicted (HR and 95% CI) by patient age greater than 70 years (2.68; 1.88‐3.81), the SC prognostic group (2.57; 1.86‐3.55), SC relapse (1.53; 10.6‐2.21), MPN evolution (2.72; 1.84‐4.02), anemia at SC diagnosis (2.32; 1.49‐3.59), exposure to hydroxyurea (1.89; 1.26‐2.85) and to ruxolitinib (3.63; 1.97‐6.71). Aspirin was protective for patients with a NPPSC (0.60; 0.38‐0.95). In conclusion, SC is a relevant cause of death competing with MPN evolution. Prospective data are awaited to confirm the role of cytoreductive and anti‐platelet drugs in modulating patient survival after the occurrence of a SC.
Synthesis of Imidazolium based PILs and Investigation of Their Blend Membranes for Gas Separation

Polymeric (ionic liquid) (PIL) copolymers bearing cationic imidazolium pendants and polar acrylic acid groups (P(VBCImY-co-AAx)), which both favor the interaction with CO2 molecules, have been synthesized and blended with film forming, high glass transition temperature aromatic polyether-based pyridinium PILs (PILPyr). The blend membranes based on the above combination have been prepared and characterized in respect to their thermal and morphological behavior as well as to their gas separation properties. The used copolymers and blends showed a wide range of glass transition temperatures from 32 to 286 °C, while blends exhibited two phase morphology despite the presence of polar groups in the blend components that could participate in specific interactions. Finally, the membranes were studied in terms of their gas separation behavior. It revealed that blend composition, counter anion type and acrylic acid molar percentage affect the gas separation properties. In particular, PILPyr-TFSI/P(VBCImTFSI-co-AA20) blend with 80/20 composition shows CO2 permeability of 7.00 Barrer and quite high selectivity of 103 for the CO2/CH4 gas pair. Even higher CO2/CH4. selectivity of 154 was achieved for PILPyr-BF4/P(VBCImBF4-co-AA10) blend with composition 70/30.
The Expression of miRNAs in Human Ovaries, Oocytes, Extracellular Vesicles, and Early Embryos: A Systematic Review

The recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human reproductive tissues and cells indicates a possible functional role in reproductive function. However, the studies published to date in female reproductive tissues/cells and embryos are inconclusive and sometimes controversial. In order to update the knowledge of this field, the present study aimed to discuss, through a systematic review, the role of miRNAs in female human reproduction and early embryogenesis. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through June 2018 (plus a complementary search until July 2019), in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. We have included descriptive and observational studies, in which fertile/infertile women were well-defined. The primary outcome was the miRNA expression in ovaries, oocytes, extracellular vesicles, and embryos. We identified 25,204 articles, of which 28 were selected for qualitative analysis: 18 in ovaries and extracellular vesicles, three in oocytes, and seven in embryos. The present systematic review of descriptive and observational studies demonstrates that aberrant miRNA expression in female reproductive tissues/cells and embryos is related with infertility and embryogenesis errors. The expression of specific miRNAs, particularly in extracellular vesicles, may be used in the future as biomarkers of infertility and prognostic tools of embryo development.
Helminth-induced Th2 cell dysfunction is distinct from exhaustion and is maintained in the absence of antigen

T cell-intrinsic regulation, such as anergy, adaptive tolerance and exhaustion, is central to immune regulation. In contrast to Type 1 and Type 17 settings, knowledge of the intrinsic fate and function of Th2 cells in chronic Type 2 immune responses is lacking. We previously showed that Th2 cells develop a PD-1/PD-L2-dependent intrinsically hypo-responsive phenotype during infection with the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis, denoted by impaired functionality and parasite killing. This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional changes underlying Th2 cell-intrinsic hypo-responsiveness, and whether it represents a unique and stable state of Th2 cell differentiation. We demonstrated that intrinsically hypo-responsive Th2 cells isolated from L. sigmodontis infected mice stably retained their dysfunctional Th2 phenotype upon transfer to naïve recipients, and had a divergent transcriptional profile to classical Th2 cells isolated prior to hypo-responsiveness and from mice exposed to acute Type 2 stimuli. Hypo-responsive Th2 cells displayed a distinct transcriptional profile to exhausted CD4+ T cells, but upregulated Blimp-1 and the anergy/regulatory-associated transcription factors Egr2 and c-Maf, and shared characteristics with tolerised T cells. Hypo-responsive Th2 cells increased mRNA expression of the soluble regulatory factors Fgl2, Cd38, Spp1, Areg, Metrnl, Lgals3, and Csf1, and a subset developed a T-bet+IFN-γ+ Th2/Th1 hybrid phenotype, indicating that they were not functionally inert. Contrasting with their lost ability to produce Th2 cytokines, hypo-responsive Th2 cells gained IL-21 production and IL-21R blockade enhanced resistance to L. sigmodontis. IL-21R blockade also increased the proportion of CD19+PNA+ germinal centre B cells and serum levels of parasite specific IgG1. This indicates a novel regulatory role for IL-21 during filarial infection, both in controlling protection and B cell responses. Thus, Th2 cell-intrinsic hypo-responsiveness is a distinct and stable state of Th2 cell differentiation associated with a switch from a classically active IL-4+IL-5+ Th2 phenotype, to a non-classical dysfunctional and potentially regulatory IL-21+Egr2+c-Maf+Blimp-1+IL-4loIL-5loT-bet+IFN-γ+ Th2 phenotype. This divergence towards alternate Th2 phenotypes during chronicity has broad implications for the outcomes and treatment of chronic Type 2-related infections and diseases.
Evolutionary developmental genetics of teeth and odontodes in jawed vertebrates: a perspective from the study of elasmobranchs.

Most extant vertebrates display a high variety of tooth and tooth-like organs (odontodes) that vary in shape, position over the body and nature of composing tissues. The development of these structures is known to involve similar genetic cascades and teeth and odontodes are believed to share a common evolutionary history. Gene expression patterns have previously been compared between mammalian and teleost tooth development but we highlight how the comparative framework was not always properly defined to deal with different tooth types or tooth developmental stages. Larger-scale comparative analyses also included cartilaginous fishes: sharks display oral teeth and dermal scales for which the gene expression during development started to be investigated in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula during the past decade. We report several descriptive approaches to analyse the embryonic tooth and caudal scale gene expressions in S. canicula. We compare these expressions wih the ones reported in mouse molars and teleost oral and pharyngeal teeth and highlight contributions and biases that arise from these interspecific comparisons. We finally discuss the evolutionary processes that can explain the observed intra and interspecific similarities and divergences in the genetic cascades involved in tooth and odontode development in jawed vertebrates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Antioxidant response of the invasive alien species Parthenium hysterophorus L. under abiotic stress conditions with special emphasis on boiling-stable antioxidant enzymes

: Invasive alien plants have broad distribution throughout the world, displacing the indigenous vegetation, stunting the growth or development of native plants and diminishing their establishment in agricultural and natural areas. Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious potential invader of a region whose harmful status can be attributed to its allelopathic effects and prolific seed production. However, there has been little research on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms governing its abiotic stress tolerance. Plants growing under natural conditions were sampled at random in the vicinity of Jalandhar. Samples were subjected to analysis for abiotic stress-induced changes in reactive oxygen species and free radical-scavenging boiling-stable antioxidant enzymes. Indices of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and the membrane injury index (MII) were also studied. In order to discover a possible reason for the biological invasiveness of P. hysterophorus , in the present investigation we studied enzymatic and non-enzymatic biochemical changes that might explain it. Malondialdehyde and MII, indices of stress, increased with a rise in hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion content in an organ- and abiotic condition-dependent manner, affirming oxidative stress to the plant. An elevated level of the antioxidant metabolite GSH was observed in June, which played a positive role in minimising the oxidative stress. Antioxidative enzymes such as BsSOD, BsPOD, BsGST, BsMDAR, BsPDI, BsTRx exhibited activities that increased in an organ-and abiotic condition-dependent manner. On the basis of the obtained results, we conclude that P. hysterophorus has the potential to cope with abiotic stress by accumulating abiotic stress-related metabolites and proteins.
Shared Decision Making and Choice for Bariatric Surgery

The number of people undergoing bariatric surgery is increasing every year, and their expectations for surgery often differ greatly. The purpose of this study was to develop a patient-centered decision-making aid to help people define their weight loss goals and assist them in discussing their surgical treatment with surgeons. Before the operation, the patients were asked to read the shared decision-making text and conduct a self-assessment. After the operation, we evaluated the program using survey questionnaires. A total of 103 patients were formally included in this study. The results show that patients were very satisfied with the use of patient decision aids (PDAs), with a score of 4.3 points (±0.6), and the postoperative decision-making satisfaction was also very high, at 4.4 points (±0.5), while the postoperative regret score was low, at 1.6 points (±0.6). Their satisfaction with surgical decision making and decision regret were statistically significantly negatively correlated (r = −0.711, p < 0.001). The experience of using PDAs was statistically significantly negatively correlated with decision regret (r = −0.451, p < 0.001); the experience of PDA use was statistically positively correlated with decision satisfaction (r = 0.522, p < 0.001). Patient decision aids are a means of helping patients make informed choices before they seek to undergo bariatric surgery.
Use of information sources regarding medicine side effects among the general population: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract Aim: To determine the use and perceived value of different information sources that patients may use to support identification of medicine side effects; to explore associations between coping styles and use of information sources. Background: Side effects from medicines can have considerable negative impact on peoples’ daily lives. As a result of an ageing UK population and attendant multi-morbidity, an increasing number of medicines are being prescribed for patients, leading to increased risk of unintended side effects. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of patients who use medicine, recruited from community pharmacies. The survey sought views on attributes of various information sources, their predicted and actual use, incorporating a shortened Side Effects Coping Questionnaire (SECope) scale and the abbreviated Miller Behavioural Style Scale (MBSS). Findings: Of 935 questionnaires distributed, 230 (25.0%) were returned, 61.3% from females; 44.7% were retired and 84.6% used at least one medicine regularly. 69.6% had experienced a side effect, resulting in 57.5% of these stopping the medicine. Patient information leaflets (PILs) and GPs were both predicted and actually most widely used sources, despite GPs being judged as relatively less accessible and PILs less trustworthy, particularly by regular medicine users. Pharmacists, considered both easy to access and trustworthy, were used by few in practice, while the internet was considered easy to access, but less trustworthy and was also little used. SECope sub-scales for non-adherence and information seeking showed positive associations with stopping a medicine and seeking information from a health professional. More high monitors than low monitors stopped a medicine themselves, but there were no differences in use of information sources. Information seeking following a side effect is a common strategy, potentially predicted by the SECope, but not the MBSS. Limited GP accessibility could contribute to high internet use. Further research could determine how the trustworthiness of PILs can be improved.