Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Resistance of Sarawak Rice Landraces Against Pyricularia oryzae

Malaysia rice production is threatened by rice blast disease, caused by Pyricularia oryzae. Yield can be greatly reduced by this disease as it can attack all the aerial parts of rice including leaves, node, neck, and collar. The use of resistant cultivar, which can be produced from resistance breeding, can control the disease effectively. Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo, has diverse rice landraces, which can be genetic resources for resistance breeding. Study on the resistance of Sarawak rice landraces against P. oryzae, is still limited. In this study, diseased leaf samples were collected from rice fields in Serian division, Sarawak. One isolate was successfully obtained and designated as B2PG. The morphological characteristics were documented. Six Sarawak rice landraces were challenged with isolate B2PG. Four of the rice landraces were resistant and might carry resistance gene(s), which can be utilised in future breeding program.
Intentions and Motivations of Entrepreneurship towards Sahid Institute of Tourism Students Who are Entrepreneurs

Aims: Knowing the intentions and motivations that affect students in doing entrepreneurship during college. Study Design: Descriptive. Place and Duration of Study: Sahid Institute of Tourism, Pondok Cabe, Tangerang, between February 2018 and July 2018. Methodology: The resource persons were students of Sahid Institute of Tourism who already had businesses and numbered 18 people, consisting of 11 men and 7 women, with an average age of 21-29 years, from the hotels department of 12 persons and from tourism management majors 2 persons. They are 12 entrepreneurs in the food and beverage sector, 2 people in the entertainment sector, 1 person is an entrepreneur in the field of clothing. 2 persons in the field of tourist travel services and 1 person in the field of catfish seedlings. The research method used was the survey method using a questionnaire containing closed questions, then recapitulated and described and linked using the theory used. Questionnaire distributed online. Original Research Article Maryetti et al.; JESBS, 32(4): 1-12, 2019; Article no.JESBS. 52773 2 Results: Intentions that affect students to run a business during college is achieving better results than before, as many as 77.8% of respondents who choose Achievement Needs. Whereas for Subjective Norm, respondents prefer family roles are 50%. Furthermore, in Self Efficacy, the most influential factor is self confidence, which is as much as 77.8% of respondents who choose. While for the demography factor, respondents prefer experience (family business background) and for the entrepreneurial intention factor, the line of business rather than working for others is the factor considered most influential by students in running their businesses. Motivation that encourages students to run a business during college is to have their own business to motivate ambition for freedom, as many as 77.8% of respondents who choose, while for self-realization motivation is to implement ideas / innovate, which is 66.7% of respondents who choose. And the motivation for pushing factors is to get better income, which is 100%. Conclusion: Linked to Theory Push and Pull Factors which states that "Push" Entrepreneurs are those who are dissatisfied with their positions, for reasons unrelated to their entrepreneurial characteristics, pushes them to start a venture. "Pull" entrepreneurs are those who are lured by their new venture idea and initiate venture activity because of the attractiveness of the business idea and its personal implications, so student entrepreneurs at Sahid Institute of Tourism are classified as 'Pull' entrepreneurs and according to Muller's research (1995) , reveals that "pull" entrepreneurs are more successful than "push" entrepreneurs.
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Mycodetox B2 on Liveability, Immunity and Organ Pathology During Aflatoxicosis in Turkey Poults

Received: 13/03/2019 Accepted: 17/04/2019 Abstract To evaluate the efficacy of Mycodetox B 2 in ameliorating aflatoxicosis, day-old Turkey poults (n=200) were d ivided into five treatment groups, viz. T 1: control; T2: T1+100ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1); T3: T1+150ppb AFB1; T4: T2+Mycodetox B2; T5: T3+Mycodetox B2. Each diet was fed to four replicates of 10 birds each for 42 days. The study revealed that overall liveability percent in T 3 was lower (P<0.05) than T 1. The CMI and HA titre values of T 2 and T3 was lower (P<0.05) than T 1. The CMI and HA titre values in T4 and T5 was higher (P<0.05) than T 2 and T3 and similar to T1. The haemoglobin (Hb) value in T 2 and T3 was lower (P<0.05) than T1. The Hb value in T 4 and T5 was higher (P<0.05) than T 2 and T3; and similar to T1. The H/L ratio of T1 was lower (P<0.05) than T 2 and T3. The H/L ratio of T4 and T5 was lower (P<0.05) than T 2 and T3 and similar to T1. Grossly, in T2 and T3 petechiae were seen in the kidneys and lungs; ecchymotic haemorrhages were also observed in liver and leg muscles; petechial haemorrhages were also recorded in thymus and bursa. The organs of T4 and T5 were normal as in T 1. Histopathologically, liver of T 2 and T3, revealed congestion of central vein, mild degener ative changes in the hepatocytes and areas of necrosis associated wi h mild mononuclear (MNCs) cells infiltration especially in the portal reas. Hepatocytes also showed moderate fatty change, mild hyperplastic cha nges in the small bile ducts and lymphoid aggregation in the form of nodul es. Haemorrhages in the liver parenchyma were quite marked. In T 4 and T5, the architectural and cellular organization in the liver was normal as in T1. It was concluded that dietary AFB1 at 100 or 150ppb levels resulted in reduced liveab ility, immunity; decreased haemoglobin concentration, incr eased H/L ratio; and morphological and histopathological alterations in the internal organs. Moreover, the dietary incorporation of Mycodetox B 2 ameliorated the adverse effects of aflatoxicosis in Turkey poults.
Essential Trace Element Status of Pregnant Women with Pregnancy Complication History in Benin City, Nigeria

Essential trace elements are catalytic substances needed by the human body in small amount. The objective of this study was to determine the serum levels of selected essential trace elements (copper, zinc, iron and selenium) in pregnant women with history of pregnancy complications in Benin City, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods for blood. Sample collection and analysed by EAAS. Result showed that pregnant women with complications history had blood mean (mean ± SEM) levels of Copper (µg/l) =107.47± 0.18, Zinc (µg/l) = 86.19 ± 0.41, Iron (µg/l) = 108.50 ± 0.18 and Selenium (µg/l)=42.13± 0.39; while those without complications history had blood mean levels of Copper=125.65 ± 1.60, Zinc =91.91± 0.84, Iron=112.26± 0.33 and Selenium=46.47± 0.32. The non-pregnant women who never had complications in their previous pregnancies had blood mean levels of Copper =129.91± 1.49, Zinc=108.08± 0.52, Iron=136.58± 0.80 and Selenium=51.32 ± 0.10. Pregnant women with complications history recorded very high significant reduction (P<0.001) in the essential trace elements mean values compared to pregnant and non-pregnant women without complications. Reduction in the essential trace elements has negative impact on the development of pregnancy complications among pregnant women in Benin City, Nigeria.Keywords: Essential, Elements, Pregnancy, Complications
Willingness to pay and actual purchase decision for organic agriculture products in Vietnam

This article aims to investigate the determinants of willingness to pay and the actual purchase decision of organic agriculture products among consumers in Vietnam, one of the emerging markets. The study uses primary survey data of 210 consumers based on the logit and ordered logit regression models. Findings/Originality: The results confirmed that consumers' perceptions of external factors and product attributions, external factors (processing, packaging, and labelling, certification, supply of product), perceived health and nutrition of products, socioeconomic characteristics significantly influence on consumer’s willingness to pay and actual purchase decision for organic foods in the context of Vietnam market. These results of the study provided insights for marketers on the key variables that could be used for promoting more widespread consumption of organic foods in the country.
Encapsulation of Phenolic Compounds from Unripe Banana Peel Extract using Spray Drying.

MUHAMMAD RIZAL PRATAMA. Encapsulation of Phenolic Compounds from Unripe Banana Peel Extract using Spray Drying. Supervised by FERI KUSNANDAR and NATTHAKAN RUNGRAENG. Various studies showed that phenolic compounds in banana peel extract play a significant role as antioxidants. To keep stable its activity, these bioactive compounds should be protected. Spray drying with maltodextrin and gum Arabic as coating materials is a convenient technique to protect phenolic compounds in banana peel extract. The objectives of this research were to produce encapsulated powder of phenolic compounds from banana peel extract through encapsulation using spray drying and to study the effect of different solvents of extraction (water and 50% ethanol), wall materials (maltodextrin and gum Arabic), and inlet temperatures (150 and 170 °C). The experimental design was a full-factorial experiment and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 by performing analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test. The significance level of 0.05 was used for all tests. Banana peel extract using 50% ethanol had higher TPC value than water extract. The highest encapsulation yield was obtained by water extract at 170 °C using maltodextrin. The TPC value and antioxidant activity in the encapsulated powders were 39.92 to 146.63 mg(GAE)/100 gDW and 40.57 to 64.33 %inhibition, respectively. The powders produced at high inlet temperature showed higher brightness but had more yellow color. All encapsulated powders presented low moisture content but high solubility with values ranging from 1.57 to 4.29% and 92.93 to 96.34%, respectively. The inlet temperature significantly affected the hygroscopicity, the values were inversely proportional compared to moisture content. A very strong and positive correlation between the TPC and antioxidant activity values were shown. The results indicated that 50% ethanol extract was the best extraction for banana peel. The best encapsulation condition was obtained by gum Arabic as the wall material and atomization at 170 °C.
Graphene Saturable Absorber Mirrors for 2-3 m Lasers

i Acknowledgements . iii Conference and Presentation . v List of Figures . ix List of Tables . xi List of Abbreviations . xi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Motivation . 1 1.2 Current State-of-the-Art Saturable Absorbers . 1 1.3 Research Objectives . 2 1.4 Thesis Overview . 3 Chapter 2: Theoretical Background . 5 2.1 Principles of Solid-State Laser . 5 2.2 Principles of Mode-Locking . 7 2.2.1 Active versus Passive Mode-Locking . 9 2.2.2 Saturable Absorbers . 9 2.2.3 Dispersion Compensation . 13 2.3 Graphene as a Saturable Absorber . 14 2.3.1 Properties of Graphene . 14 2.3.2 Fabrication and Characterisation of Graphene . 15 Chapter 3: Fabrication and Characterisation Methods for Graphene Saturable Absorber Mirrors . 19 3.1 Graphene Transfer . 19 3.2 Raman Spectroscopy . 24 3.3 Discussion . 28 Chapter 4: Experimental Setup . 31 4.1 Pump-Probe Experiment . 31 4.2 Mode-Locking in Cr:ZnS Laser. 35 4.2.1 Standard Cr:ZnS Cavity . 35 4.2.2 Extended Cr:ZnS Cavity . 35 Chapter 5: Experimental Results and Discussion . 37 5.1 Relaxation Times . 37
Recent Advancements in Sentiment Analysis in Finance

Sentiment analysis as deriving opinions or emotional content from written documents is an important tool in finance. It is used for prediction of stock markets, prediction of financial risk or distress, and detection of abnormal investor behavior by analyzing companies’ reports, social media posts or news articles. To conduct the analysis, either word lists or machine learning algorithms are used. Taking context of sentence structures into account improves both research methods. This thesis applies these findings by analyzing German Corporate Social Responsibility reports and parts of annual reports to investigate an association with environmental, social and governance rating scores. The aim is to assess sentiment as a risk indicator for these issues. The results indicate that proportional sentiment scores proxy as metric for reporting quality rather than risk.
Factors influencing cigarette smoking among police and costs of an officer smoking in the workplace at Nsambya Barracks, Uganda

INTRODUCTION Studies in several countries indicate that being a police officer is a risk factor for tobacco use. Currently, no such studies have been performed among police officers in Uganda, or in Africa generally. The aim of this study is to assess prevalence and costs of smoking among Ugandan police officers. METHODS A multistage survey model was employed to sample police officers (n=349) that included an observational cross-sectional survey and an annual cost-analysis approach. The study setting was confined to Nsambya Police Barracks, in Kampala city. RESULTS Police officers smoke 4.8 times higher than the general public (25.5% vs 5.3%). Risk factors included lower age, higher education and working in guard and general duties units. The findings show that the annual cost of smoking due to productivity loss could be up to US$5.521 million and US$57.316 million for excess healthcare costs. These costs represent 45.1% of the UGX514.7 billion (in Ugandan Shillings, or about US$139.1 million) national police budget in the fiscal year 2018–19 and is equivalent to 0.24% of Uganda’s annual gross domestic product (GDP). CONCLUSIONS Considering these data, prevalence of smoking among police officers are dramatically higher than in the general population. Consequently, smoking in police officers exerts a large burden on healthcare and productivity costs. This calls for comprehensive tobacco control measures designed to reduce smoking in the workplace so as to fit the specific needs of the Ugandan Police Force.
Knowledge, awareness and practice study for mosquito borne diseases among school children of Malwa region of India

Background: Mosquito borne diseases pose significant burden to the community which can be prevented through right knowledge, attitude and practice of it. Objective: To study the knowledge, awareness and practices of school children about mosquito borne diseases. Materials and Methods: A predesigned, semi structured proforma was filled out from 261 students of 9th to 12th standard of Malwa region. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and percentage of answers were calculated. Results: All students knew something about the mosquito borne diseases. Most of the students (>80%) knew about the malaria and dengue. Very few students were having knowledge that Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever and filariasis are spread though mosquito. 68.2% of students knew fever with chills as symptoms of mosquito borne diseases. More than 85% of students told that mosquito borne diseases can be prevented either through individual protection or through community level protection, supported by government. Conclusion: The awareness regarding malaria was good among students of Malwa region but same was lacking about other mosquito borne diseases. Key words: Awareness and practices study, Knowledge, Malwa, Mosquito borne disease, Students
The Performance of SiO2 and TiO2 Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additives in Sunflower Oil

In recent years, there has been growing concern regarding the use of petroleum-based lubricants. This concern has generated interest in readily biodegradable fluids such as vegetable oils. The present work evaluated the rheological and tribological characteristics of sunflower oil modified with silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as lubricant additives at different concentrations. A parallel plate rheometer was used to evaluate the effects of concentration and shear rate on the shear viscosity, and the experimental data was compared with conventional models. The wear protection and friction characteristics of the oil-formulations were evaluated by conducting block-on-ring sliding tests. Surface analysis-based instruments, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and profilometry, were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the worn surfaces. The experimental results showed that the coefficient of friction decreased with the addition of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles by 77.7% and 93.7%, respectively when compared to base sunflower oil. Furthermore, the volume loss was lowered by 74.1% and 70.1%, with the addition of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. Based on the experimental results, the authors conclude that modified sunflower oil enhanced with nanoparticles has the potential for use as a good biodegradable lubricant.
Macroeconomic Variables, the Oil, and the Agricultural Sectors in Nigeria

The present study examined the impact of the macroeconomic variables and the oil sector on the performance of the agricultural sector between 1981and 2017 in Nigeria. The study adopted a three-stage estimation approach. The initial step in this estimation was the conduct of descriptive statistics and stationarity tests of the variables. Some of the series were stationary at level and some others at the first difference which informed the deployment of the Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique for model estimation. The third stage was the post-estimation of the model in order ascertain its robustness for predictability and policy formulation. These were the Cumulative Sum Control Chart (CUSUM) stability, Vector Error Correction (VEC) Residual Heteroscedasticity, Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM, Vector Error Correction Residual Normality, and Vector Error Correction (VEC) Residual Heteroscedasticity tests. The results indicated that contrary to the Dutch disease postulation the oil sector positively impacted the output of the agricultural sector. The influence of exchange rate was also positive. Interest and unemployment rates on the other hand, had negative effects. The rate of inflation and the national output had no impact. The study recommended that the Nigerian government should channel resources towards the agricultural sector to ensure increase in foreign earnings and sufficient domestic production.
A Comparative Study Between Telescopic and Ball and Socket Attachments Used for Maxillary Implant Supported Single Dentures

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare between maxillary implant-supported overdentures retained by telescopic and ball and socket regarding retention. Material and Methods: seven male patients had completely edentulous maxilla free from any systemic disease that might affect bone metabolism was selected to participate in this study. Each patient received four dental implants in the edentulous maxilla using computer guided surgical stent. Implants had enough antero-posterior spread so that load can be distributed equally. Once the implant osseointegration appears to be satisfactory, the maxillary four implants were loaded with two different attachments as follow; Group I: All patients received maxillary single denture retained with ball and socket attachments and used it for three months. Group II: After a wash up period of two weeks, all patients received another newly constructed maxillary single denture retained with telescopic attachments and used it for another three months. Retention of both groups was measured using universal testing machine. The assessment was made at time of insertion, one month and three months follow-up period. Results: Group II showed higher retention values compared to Group I. Conclusion: ball and socket attachment as well as telescopic attachment showed decrease in retention but telescopic attachment revealed a higher score than ball attachment due to frictional retention.
Identifying Profiles of Democracies: A Cluster Analysis Based on the Democracy Matrix Dataset from 1900 to 2017

This study examines types of democracies that result from trade-offs within the democratic quality. Recently, the existence and relevance of trade-offs has been widely discussed. The idea is that the functions associated with the quality of democracy cannot all be maximized simultaneously. Thus, trade-offs are expressed in distinct profiles of democracy. Different profiles of democracy favour certain democracy dimensions over others due to their institutional design. Conceptually, we differentiate between four different democracy profiles: a libertarian-majoritarian (high political freedom, lower political equality, and lower political and legal control values), an egalitarian-majoritarian (high equality combined with lower freedom and control values), as well as two control-focused democracy profiles (high control values either with high degrees of freedom or high degrees of equality). We apply a cluster analysis with a focus on cluster validation on the Democracy Matrix dataset—a customized version of the Varieties-of-Democracy dataset. To increase the robustness of the cluster results, this study uses several different cluster algorithms, multiple fit indices as well as data resampling techniques. Based on all democracies between 1900 and 2017, we find strong empirical evidence for these democracy profiles. Finally, we discuss the temporal development and spatial distribution of the democracy profiles globally across the three waves of democracy, as well as for individual countries.
Relationships between milk insulin-like growth factor-i (IGF-I) concentration and Body condition score with reproductive performance and milk yield in Jersey cows

PYO.ZRT. 1904.10. 022 --This manuscript was produced from PhD thesis of the first author. Financial support was provided by the Project Menagement Office of Ondokuz Mayis University (Project No: PYO.ZRT.1904.10.022). We are also grateful to Karakoy State Farm for providing the animal and Prof. Dr. Savas¸ Ata-sever for his valuable assistance. This work was edited grammatically by Prof. Dr. Ahmet S¸ahin who has PhD degree from Leeds University, UK. --
The implementation of jigsaw as a cooperative learning strategy to improve Birzeit University EFL students’ reading comprehension

The current study explored the effect of implementing the jigsaw strategy on developing students’ reading comprehension. The study was implemented in Remedial English Communication course at Birzeit University / Palestine. The quasi-experimental approach was employed on one experimental group (EG) involving twenty male and female students and another control group (CG) comprised twenty- five students. A reading comprehension pre-test was administered to determine the participants’ level before the program. The experimental group received a five-week intervention program using the jigsaw strategy, while the traditional method was utilized to teach the control group. Both groups were taught by the researcher to control the variables of the study. A post-test was administered after the intervention to find whether there was any improvement in the groups’ performance. The SPSS and t-test results revealed that there was statistically significant difference between the two groups in favor of the experimental group.