Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological and seed yield responses to water deficits among lentil genotypes from diverse origins

The effect of water deficits at 2 growth stages on the physiology and growth of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris) genotypes bred/selected for 3 regions was examined in a glasshouse experiment. The water regimes imposed were: (i) a well-watered control, (ii) water withheld at flowering, from 72 to 93 days after sowing (DAS), and (iii) water withheld from podding (93 DAS) to maturity. The genotypes were a West Asian genotype released in Australia (Cassab), 2 South Asian Nepali cultivars (Khajura 2 and Simal), and 3 crossbreds between West Asian and South Asian parents (ILL 6829, ILL 7979, and ILL 7982). ILL 7979 and Simal had significantly greater total dry matter, water use, seed yield, number of pods and seeds per plant, and harvest index (HI) than the other genotypes under well-watered conditions. Water deficits reduced seed yield by up to 60% in the crossbreds and the South Asian cultivar, Simal. However, seed yield was increased by the water deficit at flowering and the water deficit at podding in the West Asian genotype, Cassab, and the South Asian genotype, Khajura 2, respectively. In the other genotypes, withholding water at flowering or podding reduced leaf area (48-55%), total dry matter (32-50%), flower production (22-55%), and number of pods and seeds (27-66%), with significantly higher flower drop and empty pods when water was withheld. The higher seed yield in Cassab and Khajura 2 when water was withheld was related to the production of more flowers and the maintenance of pod and seed set when they were re-watered after the period of water deficit. When water was withheld during flowering, the West Asian genotype Cassab and the crossbred ILL 6829 used less water and hence maintained a high leaf water potential (ψleaf), whereas ψleaf decreased earlier to lower values in the crossbred ILL 7979 and the South Asian genotypes Khajura 2 and Simal. There were no significant differences in leaf net photosynthesis (PN), or stomatal conductance (gS), among genotypes during flowering and early podding, but PN and gS were reduced by 22-38 and 19-67%, respectively, when water was withheld. The lower ψleaf in ILL 7979, Simal, and Khajura 2 induced greater osmotic adjustment (OA) during the drying cycle at flowering, whereas there was no or little OA when water was withheld at podding. Variation in physiological traits (PN ,g S, OA) under both watering regimes was not directly related to seed yield, but seed number was related to seed yield under both well-watered and water-deficit conditions.
Impact of a short-term exposure to spaceflight on the phenotype, genome, transcriptome and proteome of Escherichia coli

Abstract Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most widely applied model organism in current biological science. As a widespread opportunistic pathogen, E. coli can survive not only by symbiosis with human, but also outside the host as well, which necessitates the evaluation of its response to the space environment. Therefore, to keep humans safe in space, it is necessary to understand how the bacteria respond to this environment. Despite extensive investigations for a few decades, the response of E. coli to the real space environment is still controversial. To better understand the mechanisms how E. coli overcomes harsh environments such as microgravity in space and to investigate whether these factors may induce pathogenic changes in E. coli that are potentially detrimental to astronauts, we conducted detailed genomics, transcriptomic and proteomic studies on E. coli that experienced 17 days of spaceflight. By comparing two flight strains LCT-EC52 and LCT-EC59 to a control strain LCT-EC106 that was cultured under the same temperature conditions on the ground, we identified metabolism changes, polymorphism changes, differentially expressed genes and proteins in the two flight strains. The flight strains differed from the control in the utilization of more than 30 carbon sources. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion were identified in the flight strains. The expression level of more than 1000 genes altered in flight strains. Genes involved in chemotaxis, lipid metabolism and cell motility express differently. Moreover, the two flight strains also differed extensively from each other in terms of metabolism, transcriptome and proteome, indicating the impact of space environment on individual cells is heterogeneous and probably genotype-dependent. This study presents the first systematic profile of E. coli genome, transcriptome and proteome after spaceflight, which helps to elucidate the mechanism that controls the adaptation of microbes to the space environment.
First molecular evidence for reassessing phylogenetic affinities between genets (Genetta) and the enigmatic genet‐like taxa Osbornictis, Poiana and Prionodon (Carnivora, Viverridae)

Gaubert, P., Tranier, M. , Delmas, A. ‐S. , Colyn, M. & Veron, G. (2004). First molecular evidence for reassessing phylogenetic affinities between genets (Genetta) and the enigmatic genet‐like taxa Osbornictis, Poiana and Prionodon (Carnivora, Viverridae). —Zoologica Scripta, 33, 117–129.
Hematology and agglutination titer after polyvalent immunization and subsequent challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Este trabajo evaluo el efecto de la vacuna polivalente sobre las respuestas hematologicas y inmunologicas de tilapias del Nilo desafiadas con Aeromonas hydrophila. Dos dosis, 1 x 104 y 1 x 108 Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC)/mL, de vacuna conteniendo proporciones iguales de Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Enterococcus durans inactivadas con formalina, fueron testeadas por inyeccion intraperitoneal (i. P.). Los peces fueron desafiados 10 dias despues de la vacunacion i.p. Con la dosis (DL50-96h) de 1 x 107 UFC de A. Hydrophila/mL resuspendida en solucion salina esteril. Por lo tanto, para analizar los parametros hematologicos, la actividad antimicrobiana y aglutinante del suero de las muestras, fueron colectadas 48 h despues del desafio. Antes de la infeccion experimental, el numero de eritrocitos fue superior en los peces vacunados con 1 x 108 UFC/mL. Sin embargo, despues del desafio, el numero total de trombocitos fue mayor en los peces vacunados con la mayor dosis. Antes y despues del desafio, el numero total de leucocitos y el numero de linfocitos presentaron mayores valores en los peces vacunados. El numero de monocitos en los peces vacunados y en los inyectados con solucion salina fue mayor antes del desafio. El mayor titulo de aglutinacion frente A. Hydrophila, P. Aeruginosa y E. Durans fue observado en los peces vacunados con 1 x 108 UFC/mL. Antes del desafio la actividad antimicrobiana del suero sanguineo fue mayor en los peces no vacunados y en los vacunados con 1 x 108 UFC/mL, y mismo despues del desafio los peces no vacunados y los inyectados con solucion salina presentaron mayor actividad antimicrobiana. En este trabajo fue posible comprobar que despues de 10 dias la vacuna polivalente en la concentracion de 1 x 108 UFC/mL estimulo la produccion de eritrocitos, leucocitos, trombocitos y linfocitos circulantes reduciendo los niveles de glucosa.
Chemical management of broad-leaved weeds in grapes

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit crops of temperate zone, which has acclimatized to sub tropical and tropical agro climatic conditions prevailing in the Indian sub-continent. In India, grapes are grown under different soil and cultural conditions. Weed flora varies according to the climate and physio-chemical properties of the soil. rrespective of the agro climatic conditions, Parthenium hysterophorus, Cynodon dactylon Cyperus rotundus are the common weeds in the Indian vineyards although as many as 378 species of weeds have been reported to infest the cultivated lands in Karnataka (Krishna Sastry et al. 1980). The weed flora also differ with the training and irrigation system of the vineyards. The variety of weeds and their intensity is more in vineyards where vines are trained to vertical trellises such as T, V, Y or tatura due to availability of uninterrupted sunlight. Under drip-irrigation system, weeds grow mainly in the wetted area particularly during summer (Patil 2005). In the past, majority of workers have tried either preemergence or post-emergence application of weedicides for the control of weeds in the grape vineyard. No single weedicide either as pre-emergence or post-emergence can offer a long lasting control of weeds in vineyards since grape vines are irrigated and the soil moisture is maintained throughout the year, which helps the weeds to grow almost throughout the year. Keeping all these aspects in mind, the present investigations was undertaken. A field experiment was conducted on grape (Vitis vinifera L. (cv Thompson Seedless) at the vineyard of the National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune (latitude 18.31 N, longitude 73.55 E) after October pruning of 2010. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design, having ten treatments with three replications, to test the effect of various treatments for controlling weeds in the vineyards under tropical conditions of Pune, Maharashtra. The vines selected were spaced at 2.4 m between rows and 1.2 m within rows. The plot size was 4.8 x 4.8 m accommodating eight vines in each treatment. Irrigation and fertilizer requirements were kept as per standard recommendation. Herbicides were applied at 3 to 4 leaf stage of weed in vineyard. Hand weeding was also done along with weedicides application. The treatments details are given Table 2. Weeds were counted by taking a quadrate of 0.5 x 0.5 m placed at random inside the each treated plot. The total number of dicot and monocot weeds present (Table 2) in the quadrate frame was counted at 15 and 30 days after treatment. The weed count per square meter was then worked out. The sum of all weeds was recorded as total weed count per square meter. For dry weight, above ground portion of the weeds in the quadrant was collected from each plot at 15 days and 30 days after treatment. The weed samples were airdried and later oven dried to constant weight at 60 o C and dry weight was recorded. These dry weights were converted to dry weight per square meter.
Strategies of adaptation by Antarctic cyanobacteria to ultraviolet radiation

Effects of UVA and UVB radiation were evaluated on two cyanobacterial strains (Phormidium murrayi and Oscillatoria priestleyi) isolated from the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The two isolates showed some similarities, but also major differences in their qualitative and quantitative responses to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Growth decreased with increasing UVR, but with a 5-fold (UVA) or 10-fold (UVB) greater effect on O. priestleyi than P. murrayi. In both isolates, cellular concentrations of phycobiliproteins (measured by in vivo absorbance), and to a lesser extent chlorophyll a, diminished with increasing UVR exposure. Spectral scans of methanol extracts indicated the presence of UVR-screening compounds in O. priestleyi but not P. murrayi; however, the absorbance per unit dry weight was low, and similar in cultures with and without UVR. Carotenoid pigments increased up to a threshold UVB flux and thereafter decreased. In both isolates, moderate UVA lessened the effect of growth inhibition by UVB, consi.
Predicting harmful algal blooms: a case study with Dinophysis ovum in the Gulf of Mexico

Blooms of Dinophysis ovum and Mesodinium spp. have been observed in the Gulf of Mexico since 2007 using the Imaging FlowCytobot technology. Bloom dynamics of these two organisms in conjunction with ancillary environmental data for a 5-year period were analyzed to identify the conditions necessary for bloom initiation or presence with the goal of predicting future blooms of D. ovum. Using time-series analysis, we observed a positive time-lagged correlation between the two organisms in each year when both were present, which suggests that the presence of Mesodinium may be useful as a leading indicator for a D. ovum bloom. Although in some cases D. ovum and Mesodinium co-occurred, no strong predator–prey relationship was observed. We identified a narrow range of temperature and salinity that could be necessary for bloom initiation of D. ovum and Mesodinium in the Gulf of Mexico. Analysis of images over the time series revealed a wide range in the size of Mesodinium cells, which suggests that species other than M. rubrum may be present in the Gulf of Mexico. Based on the occurrence of a D. ovum bloom preceded by low abundances of Mesodinium, we suggest that D. ovum is able to utilize ciliates other than M. rubrum as prey. Our observations indicate that environmental conditions, as well as Mesodinium abundance and species composition, can affect initiation, presence or abundance of D. ovum and thus may help in the prediction of future blooms.
The Role of Universals in Non-Native Speakers' Learning of English: A Review Paper

In this paper, we will study two classes of problems in the acquisition/learning of English by non-native learners, which appear to be familiar to all language learners. We will try to determine the role played according to language universals in the acquisition of these categories. Research on the issue of the grammatical agreement has shown that there are many languages in the world, where the third person singular perfective verb is unmarked as in Semitic languages. In Arabic, for example, the third person singular masculine is the least marked: Dahab (he) went. The omission of the copula is a common problem for many speakers of different languages. In the case of EFL Arab learners, the absence of the copula is attributed either to interference with the L1, because in Arabic there is no copula in the present [1] or to a simplification strategy [2]. The fact that certain types of errors are universal let us believe deeply that universal parameters are causing such errors. The production of common errors in ESL or EFL, or in any other language, can be explained by both aspects of contrastive analysis and universal grammar.
Accelerated ripening of Feta cheese, with heat-shocked cultures or microbial proteinases

Summary Accelerated ripening was successfully achieved in Feta cheese by the addition of a heat-shocked culture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, or neutral or acid microbial proteinase. Optimum levels of microbial proteinases were established at which trichloroacetic acid-soluble N (TCA-N) compounds were increased by about 35% in 40 d. Treated cheeses of this age had flavour intensities and body and texture qualities typical of 80 d-old control cheeses. Any further increase in TCA-N by adding larger amounts of enzyme resulted in bitterness. Heat-shocked culture treated cheeses developed similar characteristics to those prepared with neutral or acid proteinases. In contrast to the control cheese, it was necessary in the experimental cheeses to add minute amounts of lamb lipase (0·1–0·2 g/100 kg milk) to the cheese milk to keep the flavour balance. Best organoleptic characteristics were obtained from cheese treated with heat-shocked culture, followed by those treated with neutral or acid proteinase.
The social impact of livestock: A developing country perspective

Agriculture in developing countries is influenced not only by available agricultural resources but also by a complex web of interactions based on social, economic, cultural and political factors. The relationship is two way - what happens in agricultural industries influences each of the factors just mentioned. This paper focuses on the social factors in relation to the livestock industries. Livestock are an increasingly important part of the agricultural sector of developing countries and social and cultural factors may be more important for livestock than for cropping industries.
Sero-epidemiological study of Anaplasma marginale among cattle.

The study was designed to determine the risk factors associated with seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginaleamong cattle in Sargodha, Khushab and Rawalpindi districts of the Punjab, Pakistan during September, 2009 to August, 2010. A total of 1050 serum samples were collected from selected small holders and private livestock farms using multistage cluster random sampling technique. The epidemiological data and relevant information regarding management, host and area determinants were collected on a questionnaire through interview. Antibodies against Anaplasma marginalewere detected by MSP-5 competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate analysis of risk factors revealed that cattle of more than 4 year of ag e (OR=5.42), heavy tick infested (OR=2.10), crossbred (OR=1.59) cattle were significantly at higher risk for Anaplasma marginale. Use of Ivermectin (OR=16.50), moderate interval of acaricide frequency (OR=16.50), stall feeding (OR=8.30) and use of unhygienic needles (OR=24.00) at farms were significantly associated with seroprevalence to Anaplasma marginale in cattle (P<0.05). The Sargodha district was at higher risk (OR=1.81) for Anaplasma marginaleinfection as compared to Khushab and Rawalpindi districts. The study would help in the prevention and control of bovine anaplasmosis in Northern Punjab, Pakistan.
Effects of internal heat generation, thermal radiation and buoyancy force on a boundary layer over a vertical plate with a convective surface boundary condition

In this paper we analyse the effects of internal heat generation, thermal radiation and buoyancy force on the laminar boundary layer about a vertical plate in a uniform stream of fluid under a convective surface boundary condition. In the analysis, we assumed that the left surface of the plate is in contact with a hot fluid whilst a stream of cold fluid flows steadily over the right surface; the heat source decays exponentially outwards from the surface of the plate. The similarity variable method was applied to the steady state governing non-linear partial differential equations, which were transformed into a set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations and were solved numerically by applying a shooting iteration technique together with a sixth-order Runge–Kutta integration scheme for better accuracy. The effects of the Prandtl number, the local Biot number, the internal heat generation parameter, thermal radiation and the local Grashof number on the velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated and interpreted in physical terms. A comparison with previously published results on similar special cases showed excellent agreement.
A comparative study of open drainage versus suction drainage and primary closure in the management of breast abscess at a tertiary care center

Background: Breast abscess, localized collection of pus in the breast, are most common in young lactating women. Aim & Objectives: The main aim of the current study were to compare open versus closed modalities of treatment of breast abscess and also to develop an effective technique for management of breast abscess with less morbidity and its efficacy over conventional method. Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted in Department of Surgery from October 2017 to October 2019 at Guntur Medical College & General Hospital, Andhra Pradesh, India, among the breast abscess cases (both open and closed) was conducted in a group of 100 cases of breast abscess, divided in to two groups, the open group comprising of 60 cases and closed group comprising of 40 cases. The pain in the post-operative patients measured by using Visual analogue scale (VAS). The statistical analysis was done by the unpaired t-test. Results: The incidence of breast abscess was most commonly seen in young women between the age group 21-30 years (35%). The VAS in group A and group B at days 1,2,3,4 respectively in both the groups were 9±1.2, 6.2±1.1; 7.2±2.1, 4.2±0.9; 5.2±1.2, 3.1±1.6; 2.5±1.2, 1.2±0.7. We observed that there was a significant (p
Clinical study of fixation of unstable inter-trochanteric femoral fractures with 95⁰ angle blade plate

Background: Inter-Trochanteric hip fractures account for approximately half of the hip fractures in the elderly. By definition, these are extra-capsular fractures occurring between greater and lesser trochanters of the proximal femur, occasionally extending into sub-trochanteric region. These fractures present in bimodal age distribution. In older females these osteoporotic low energy fractures, while in young patients, usually males are affected with high energy injuries. Intertrochanteric fractures unite with conservative management also, but not without high rate of complications. Therefore, Stable reduction and rigid internal fixation is the treatment of choice for these fractures. In the present study, attempt has been made to evaluate the results of surgical management of unstable inter-trochanteric fractures with a 95 degrees angle blade plate. Materials and Methods: This study is a hospital based prospective study cantered in Department of Orthopaedics at R.L Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre, Kolar, from October 2012 to October 2014 in which 30 patients with Unstable inter-trochanteric fractures are treated with open reduction and internal fixation with 95 degrees angle blade plate. Results: Patients were regularly followed-up post-operatively. Thirty cases were available for follow up. Excellent results were seen in 21 patients, good results in 7 patients, fair results in 2 patients and poor results in none. Conclusion: This study has shown that the 95 degrees angle blade plate fixation is a reliable and effective treatment of trochanteric fractures. This plate can be used for both stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures. The final result is dependent on various other factors such as the type of fractures, lateral wall commination and stability of the medial wall post reduction. The operative technique and final implant position also influenced the results. Over-all results also were dependent on co-morbidities of the patients. The ideal position of the implant is to keep the tip of the blade in the lower half of the femoral head and the blade should pass below the superior cortex of the neck. The 95 degrees angle blade plate is found to be a stable and acceptable implant for the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures.
Chemical composition of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) essential oil and insecticidal effect against Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Depo zararlilari tum dunyada depolanan urunlerde kalite ve kantite kayiplarina neden olmaktadir. Son yillarda zararlilarla mucadelede bitkisel temelli mucadele stratejilerinin gelistirilmelerine yonelik calismalar artmaktadir. Bu calismada, Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) bitkisinden elde edilen ucucu yagin iki onemli depolanmis urun zararlisi Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ve Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)'ya karsi insektisidal ve davranissal etkileri laboratuvar ortaminda test edilmistir. Kontakt ve fumigant aktivite testleri 0,10 (v/v) ve 0,15 (v/v) konsantrasyonda kurulmus ve 24. ve 48. saatlerin sonunda olu bireyler kaydedilmistir. Kontrol grubunda saf aseton kullanilmistir. Repellent aktivite testleri uc farkli konsantrasyonda (0,025 µl/cm2, 0,06 µl/cm2 ve 0,125 µl/cm2) kurulmus ve 2, 4, 8 ve 12 saat sonunda boceklerin tercihleri kaydedilmistir. Ayrica, A. millefolium'un ucucu yag icerikleri GC-MS kullanilarak belirlenmistir. Denemede kullanilan ucucu yaglar her iki bocek turu icin kayda deger bir fumigant aktivite gostermemistir. En yuksek fumigant aktivite, %19,7 olum oraniyla 48 saatin sonunda R. dominica icin belirlenmistir. Sitophilus granarius uzerinde ucucu yag herhangi bir fumigant aktivite gostermemistir. 24 saat sonunda en yuksek kontakt aktivite 0,15 (v/v) uygulama dozunda R. dominica’ya karsi belirlenmis ve %99,2 olum orani tespit edilmistir. Ayni zaman diliminde S. granarius icin kontakt aktivite %83,4 olarak belirlenmistir. Bu ucucu yag her iki zararli icinde onemli derecede repellent aktivite gostermistir.