Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the length–area dilatation

Beginning in 1956, in order to obtain type criteria by quasiconformal (and more general) mappings f: G → G′, where G and G′ are domains in the plane or on Riemann surfaces, we considered at the regular points of f a length–area dilatation d depending not only on the dilatation quotient but also on the orientation of the characteristic ellipses [Andreian Cazacu, C. , 1960, Sur les relations entre les fonctions caractéristiques de la pseudo-analyticité. In: Lucrările celui de al IV-lea Congres al Matematicienilor Români, Bucureşti 1956 (Bucureşti: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Române), pp. 82–85; Andreian Cazacu, C. , 1957, Sur les transformations pseudo-analytiques. Revue de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées, 2, 383–397; Andreian Cazacu, C. , 1964, Sur l'application de la longueur extrémale dans la théorie des représentations quasi-conformes. Mathematica (Cluj), 6(29), 1, 5–10; Andreian Cazacu, C. , 1965, Sur un problème de L.I. Volkovyski. Revue Roumaine de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées, 10, 1, 43–63; Andreian Cazacu, C. , 1971, Influence of the orientation of the characteristic ellipses on the properties of the quasiconformal mappings. In: Proceedings of the Romanian-Finnish Seminar on Teichmüller Spaces and Quasiconformal Mappings. Braşov 1969 (Bucharest: Publishing House of the Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania), pp. 65–85; Andreian Cazacu, C. , 1974, A generalization of the quasiconformality. In: Topics in Analysis, Colloquium on Mathematical Analysis, Jyväskylä 1970, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 419 (Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag), pp. 4–17]. Last time the length–area dilatation found (under diverse names and notations) significant applications [Marković, V. and Mateljević, M. , 1997, New versions of Grötzsch principle and Reich–Strebel inequality. Matematichki Vesnik, 49, 235–239; Marković, V. and Mateljević, M. , 1999, New versions of the main inequality and uniqueness of harmonic maps. Journal d'Analyse Mathématique, 79, 315–334; Gutlyanskij, V. and Martio, O. , 2003, Conformality of a quasiconformal mapping at a point. Journal d'Analyse Mathématique, 91, 179–192] and the aim of this work is to point out its role in these researches, to establish connexions between old and new results. To simplify, we deal with domains in the plane since the essential is already evident in this frame.
INTRASPECIFIC COMPARISONS OF NITRATE UPTAKE IN THREE MARINE DIATOMS 1

Short‐term (within 5 min) and long‐term (≤2 h) rates of nitrate uptake were determined for the marine diatoms, Nitschiella longissima (Cleve), Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve and Asterionella japonica (Cleve). Pigment levels, cell carbon, nitrogen and cell volume were also determined for cells in the logarithmic and stationary phases of growth. For each species, one clone isolated from oligotrophic coastal water and one clone isolated from eutrophic coastal water were compared. Long‐term NO3− uptake typically followed saturation kinetics describable by the Michaelis‐Menten expression. Under experimental conditions, half‐saturation constants ranged from 0.6 to 2.2 μM NO3−. Generally, the oligotrophic clones had lower Ks and Vmax (on a per cell basis) than their eutrophic counterparts, though this was only statistically significant in one pair of clones. Eutrophic and oligotrophic clones also differed in their short‐term response to nutrient addition; oligotrophic clones showed greatest rate of uptake at the lowest nitrate addition while uptake by eutrophic clones increased with increasing nitrate concentration. However, all clones had very similar Vmax values expressed on a dry weight basis. Under N‐starvation, cellular C and pigment levels (and N to a lesser extent) generally declined more in eutrophic than in oligotrophic clones. While the differences between inshore and offshore clones were not great, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that eutrophic waters support algae which grow faster and are less conservative biochemically than cells in oligotrophic waters.
The implementation of rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP) in two remote Arctic communities with a predominantly Inuit population, the Taima TB 3HP study

ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of TB among Inuit is the highest in Canada. A significantly shorter latent TB infection (LTBI) treatment with rifapentine and isoniazid once weekly for 12 weeks (3HP) is now available in limited settings in Canada. Methods: A prospective open﻿-label 2-year observational postmarketing study was conducted introducing 3HP for the first time in Canada in Iqaluit followed by a program rollout in Qikiqtarjuaq, Nunavut. Results: A total of 247 people were offered 3HP, 102 in the Iqaluit postmarketing study and 145 in the Qikiqtarjuaq program roll out. Although statistical significance was not reached, more people who started treatment completed treatment in the 3HP group (Iqaluit, 60/73 (82.2%) and Qikiqtarjuaq, 89/115 (77.4%)) than in the historical control 9INHgroup (306/420 = 72.9%) (p = 0.2). Most of the adverse events in 3HP treated patients were associated with mild discomfort but no disruption of normal daily activity. Not drinking alcohol was associated with increased 3HP completion (OR 13.33, 95% CI, 2.27–78.20) as was not taking concomitant medications (OR 7.19, 95% CI, 1.47–35.30). Conclusions: The present study supports the feasibility and safety profile of 3HP for the treatment of LTBI in Nunavut.
Starch Granule Size Strongly Determines Starch Noodle Processing and Noodle Quality

Chemical compositions, physical properties, and suitability for starch noodle making of different granule size fractions from potato and sweet potato starches were studied. The ash content, amylose content, phosphorus content, gel firmness, and freeze-thaw stability of small-size granule fractions (<20 mum) were significantly different from those of the large-size granule fractions. The processibility and the qualities evaluated by objective and subjective methods of both dried and cooked starch noodles made from small-size granule fractions were significantly better than those made from their initial starch preparations and much better than those made from the large-size granule fractions.
Unnecessary antibiotic prescribing in a Canadian primary care setting: a descriptive analysis using routinely collected electronic medical record data.

BACKGROUND Unnecessary antibiotic use in the community in Canada is not well defined. Our objective was to quantify unnecessary antibiotic prescribing in a Canadian primary care setting. METHODS We performed a descriptive analysis in Ontario from April 2011 to March 2016 using the Electronic Medical Records Primary Care database linked to other health administrative data sets at ICES. We determined antibiotic prescribing rates (per 100 patient-physician encounters) for 23 common conditions and estimated rates of unnecessary prescribing using predefined expected prescribing rates, both stratified by condition and patient age group. RESULTS The study included 341 physicians, 204 313 patients and 499 570 encounters. The rate of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for included conditions was 15.4% overall and was 17.6% for those less than 2 years of age, 18.6% for those aged 2-18, 14.5% for those aged 19-64 and 13.0% for those aged 65 or more. The highest unnecessary prescribing rates were observed for acute bronchitis (52.6%), acute sinusitis (48.4%) and acute otitis media (39.3%). The common cold, acute bronchitis, acute sinusitis and miscellaneous nonbacterial infections were responsible for 80% of the unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions. Of all antibiotics prescribed, 12.0% were for conditions for which they are never indicated, and 12.3% for conditions for which they are rarely indicated. In children, 25% of antibiotics were for conditions for which they are never indicated (e.g., common cold). INTERPRETATION Antibiotics were prescribed unnecessarily for 15.4% of included encounters in a Canadian primary care setting. Almost one-quarter of antibiotics were prescribed for conditions for which they are rarely or never indicated. These findings should guide safe reductions in the use of antibiotics for the common cold, bronchitis and sinusitis.
Harmful impact of profenofos on the physiological parameters in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Profenofos as an organophosphorus insecticide has been used in the agricultural countries as Egypt, may find its way to water system and adversely effect on aquatic life particularly fish. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus as a major fish species in River Nile and one of the major sources of protein for human beings in Egypt, and it can also be a source of threaten to human health. Transport profenofos directly to tilapia fish may affect their physiological status and then fish production. The mortality of profenofos toxicity was estimated on tilapia and LC50 was detected as 0.87 mg/l. Also fish were exposed to 1/2 LC50 for 96 hrs and to 1/10 LC50 for 28 days and lastly were left after the chronic toxicity for another 28 days as recovery period. The increase of blood glucose was accompanied with decrease in liver and muscles glycogen throughout the acute and chronic trail periods. Fish showed also highly significant decrease in serum total protein and globulin with increasing in albumin and A/G ratio. A sharp elevation in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid with decrease in serum total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were also recorded. Lastly gradual and sharp elevation in the levels of serum enzymes, S-AST, S-ALT and S-ALP was revealed in profenofos-exposed tilapia. Same behavior as S-AST and S-ALT were in liver transaminases (L-AST & L-ALT). Our study revealed adverse change of metabolism in tilapia due to profenofos exposure. This may inform about the dangerous use of profenofos and limitations should be managed.
Free and Esterified Cholesterol Content of Animal Muscles and Meat Products

SUMMARY —A method was perfected for the precise, accurate measurement of total and free cholesterol in lipid extracts of raw beef and pork muscle and meat products. The average total cholesterol content of beef and pork muscles was estimated to be 58 and 65 mg % (mg per 100 g), respectively. Both beef and pork muscles had an average cholesterol ester concentration of about 6% of the total cholesterol. Regression equations indicated that the total cholesterol content of muscle increased very slightly as the percent lipid value rose. Extramuscular adipose fat from beef and pork carcassess had total cholesterol values between about 43 and 68 mg %. Total cholesterol was estimated for some meat products. During the broiling of ground chuck samples, up to 15% of the total cholesterol in raw meat was lost in the cook drip.
Extinction of a West African Red Colobus Monkey

Abstract: We provide the first documented case of the extinction in the twentieth century of a widely recognized primate taxon. During surveys in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in 1993–1999, we were unable to find any surviving populations of Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey ( Procolobus badius waldroni), a primate taxon endemic to the forests of this part of West Africa. We conclude that this monkey, which at least one authority considers worthy of species status, is probably extinct. Hunting by humans appears to be the ultimate cause of the extinction. Until our surveys began, little attention had been paid to the plight of this red colobus monkey, despite its listing as endangered by the World Conservation Union. The extinction of other large animals in the Upper Guinea rainforest region is likely to follow soon unless more attention is paid to the full range of endangered forms and more resources are devoted to their rigorous protection.
Regulatory sequences of H19 and IGF2 genes in DNA‐based therapy of colorectal rat liver metastases

Malignant tumors of the liver are among the most common causes of cancer‐related death throughout the world. Current therapeutic approaches fail to control the disease in most cases. This study seeks to explore the potential utility of transcriptional regulatory sequences of the H19 and insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2) genes for directing tumor‐selective expression of a toxin gene (A fragment of diphtheria toxin), delivered by non‐viral vectors.
Dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex track distinct properties of dynamic social behavior

Abstract Understanding how humans make competitive decisions in complex environments is a key goal of decision neuroscience. Typical experimental paradigms constrain behavioral complexity (e.g. choices in discrete-play games), and thus, the underlying neural mechanisms of dynamic social interactions remain incompletely understood. Here, we collected fMRI data while humans played a competitive real-time video game against both human and computer opponents, and then, we used Bayesian non-parametric methods to link behavior to neural mechanisms. Two key cognitive processes characterized behavior in our task: (i) the coupling of one’s actions to another’s actions (i.e. opponent sensitivity) and (ii) the advantageous timing of a given strategic action. We found that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex displayed selective activation when the subject’s actions were highly sensitive to the opponent’s actions, whereas activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex increased proportionally to the advantageous timing of actions to defeat one’s opponent. Moreover, the temporoparietal junction tracked both of these behavioral quantities as well as opponent social identity, indicating a more general role in monitoring other social agents. These results suggest that brain regions that are frequently implicated in social cognition and value-based decision-making also contribute to the strategic tracking of the value of social actions in dynamic, multi-agent contexts.
Acute Kidney Injury in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Direct Effect of Virus on Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells

Coronaviruses (CoVs), including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and the novel coronavirus disease-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a group of enveloped RNA viruses that cause a severe respiratory infection which is associated with a high mortality [. ].
Healing Effect of Vicenin-2 (VCN-2) on Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) and Development VCN-2 Hydrocolloid Film Based on Alginate as Potential Wound Dressing

Chronic wounds represent serious globally health care and economic issues especially for patients with hyperglycemic condition. Wound dressings have a predominant function in wound treatment; however, the dressings for the long-lasting and non-healing wounds are still a significant challenge in the wound care management market. Astonishingly, advanced wound dressing which is embedded with a synthetic drug compound in a natural polymer compound that acts as drug release carrier has brought about promising treatment effect toward injured wound. In the current study, results have shown that Vicenin-2 (VCN-2) compound in low concentration significantly enhanced cell proliferation and migration of HDF. It also regulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α from HDF in wound repair. Treatment of VCN-2 also has facilitated the expression of TGF-1β and VEGF wound healing maker in a dose-dependent manner. A hydrocolloid film based on sodium alginate (SA) incorporated with VCN-2 synthetic compound which targets to promote wound healing particularly in diabetic condition was successfully developed and optimized for its physico-chemical properties. It was discovered that all the fabricated film formulations prepared were smooth, translucent, and good with flexibility. The thickness and weight of the formulations were also found to be uniform. The hydrophilic polymer comprised of VCN-2 were shown to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical characteristics. The drug release profiles have revealed hydrocolloid film, which is able to control and sustain the VCN-2 released to wound area. In short, hydrocolloid films consisting of VCN-2 formulations are suitably used as a potential wound dressing to promote restoration of wound injury.
Dynamic metabolic adaptation can promote species coexistence in competitive microbial communities

Microbes are capable of physiologically adapting to diverse environmental conditions by differentially varying the rates at which they uptake different nutrients. In particular, microbes can switch hierarchically between different energy sources, consuming first those that ensure the highest growth rate. Experimentally, this can result in biphasic growth curves called “diauxic shifts” that typically arise when microbes are grown in media containing several nutrients. Despite these observations are well known in microbiology and molecular biology, the mathematical models generally used to describe the population dynamics of microbial communities do not account for dynamic metabolic adaptation, thus implicitly assuming that microbes cannot switch dynamically from one resource to another. Here, we introduce dynamic metabolic adaptation in the framework of consumer-resource models, which are commonly used to describe competitive microbial communities, allowing each species to temporally change its preferred energy source to maximize its own relative fitness. We show that dynamic metabolic adaptation enables the community to self-organize, allowing several species to coexist even in the presence of few resources, and to respond optimally to a time-dependent environment, thus showing that dynamic metabolic adaptation could be an important mechanism for maintaining high levels of diversity even in environments with few energy sources. We show that introducing dynamic metabolic strategies in consumer-resource models is necessary for reproducing experimental growth curves of the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing in the presence of two carbon sources. Even though diauxic shifts emerge naturally from the model when two resources are qualitatively very different, the model predicts that the existence of such shifts is not a prerequisite for species coexistence in competitive communities.
RHDV2 epidemic in UK pet rabbits. Part 1: clinical features, gross post mortem and histopathological findings

Objectives To report clinical features, gross post mortem and histopathological findings from an investigation into sudden or unexpected death in rabbits that was undertaken during an outbreak of rabbit haemorrhagic disease. Materials and Methods Using a standard protocol, veterinarians were invited to submit case histories and results of their post mortem examination of pet rabbits that died unexpectedly. Histopathological examination of heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidney samples was collated with macroscopic appearance and clinical details. Results Hepatocellular necrosis, characteristic of rabbit haemorrhagic disease, was observed in 185 of 300 (62%) submissions, often accompanied by glomerular thrombosis and changes in other organs. Evidence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease was not apparent on histopathology in 113 of 300 (38%) rabbits. Gross post mortem examination by veterinary practitioners did not always reflect reported histopathological changes. No macroscopic abnormalities were seen in 78/185 (42%) of rabbit haemorrhagic disease cases. Rapid death and death of other rabbits in the household were common features of rabbit haemorrhagic disease. Ante mortem clinical signs included anorexia, collapse, lethargy, seizures, icterus, bleeding from the mouth, dyspnoea, hypothermia, pyrexia, bradycardia or poor blood clotting. Clinical Importance Rabbit haemorrhagic disease can be suspected from a history of sudden death, especially if multiple rabbits are affected. There is not always macroscopic evidence of the disease but histopathology is useful to support or refute a diagnosis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and provide information about other causes of death.
Spermatogenesis and fertility in Mus musculus as affected by factors at the T locus

When animals of the same species are mated inter se it may usually be assumed that they will be fertile and that their progeny will be indicative of a random union of gametes. Dobrovolskaia-%am-adskaia and KoboxoefT ( '32) and later Koboziefl ( ' 35 ) have described t~70 mutations, t" and t', having ti11 apparent effect 011 segregation in the male mouse (Chcsley and Duiin, '36 ; Dunn and Gluecksohn-Schoenheimer, '39). Males heterozygous fo r either t" or tl transmit the mutation to their of'fspring with a frequency significantly greater than may be expected on an orthodox Mendelian basis. Both to and t' are at the locus of Brachy (T) , the factor for dominant short tail discovered by nobrovolskaia-Za~~~a~slrRia ( '27) and studied embryologically in the hcterozygous and lethal homozygous condition by Chesley ( '35). If t' is combined with T the resulting mice are tailless. When mated together T/tl animals (line 29) produce only tailless progeny through the operation of a system of balanced lethals as first described by Muller ( '18) in Drosophila. T/to (line A) mice are also tailless and true breeding. Males with normal tails (to/tl) may be obtained by crossing line A by line 29 and are com-
MicroRNA Profile of Exosomes and Parental Cells is Differently Affected by Ionizing Radiation

Exosomes are key mediators of cell-to-cell communication involved in different aspects of the response to ionizing radiation. The functional role of exosomes depends on their molecular cargo, including protein and miRNA content. In this work, we compared the miRNA profile of cells exposed to a high-dose of radiation and the exosomes released by those cells. FaDu cells (derived from human head and neck cancer) were exposed to 2 and 8 Gy doses, exosomes were purified from culture media at 36 h postirradiation using a combination of differential centrifugation, ultrafiltration and precipitation, then microRNA was analyzed using the RNA-seq approach. There were 439 miRNA species quantified, and significant differences in their relative abundance were observed between the cells and exosomes; several low-abundance miRNAs were over-represented while high-abundance miRNA were under-represented in exosomes. There were a few miRNA species markedly affected in irradiated cells and in exosomes released by these cells. However, markedly different radiation-induced effects were observed in both miRNA sets, which could be exemplified by miR-3168 significantly downregulated in cells and upregulated in exosomes. On the other hand, both 2 and 8 Gy radiation doses induced similar effects. Radiation-affected miRNA species present in exosomes are linked to genes involved in the DNA damage and cytokine-mediated response, which may suggest their hypothetical role in the exosome-mediated radiation-induced bystander effect reported elsewhere.
Detection of nucleopolyhedroviruses in the eggs and caterpillars of tea looper caterpillar Hyposidra infixaria (Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) as evidence of transovarial transmission

The transovarial transmission of Hyposidra infixaria nucleopolyhedroviruses (HyinNPV) in the tea looper caterpillar H. infixaria was investigated. H. infixaria larvae reared from eggs (surface sterilised) collected from a tea garden showed typical signs of nucleopolyhedrosis virus infection. The polyhedrin gene amplified from larvae confirmed HyinNPV infection and provided clear evidence of vertical virus transmission from parent to offspring (transovarial transmission). This study reveals important aspects of HyinNPV that could be exploited in biological control programmes; HyinNPV can persist in larval populations and be passed on to the next generation, and thus it may be useful for the long-term control of H. infixaria.