Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Mobile Health Including Wearable Activity Trackers to Increase Physical Activity Outcomes Among Healthy Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review

Background Children and adolescents do not meet the current recommendations on physical activity (PA), and as such, the health-related benefits of regular PA are not achieved. Nowadays, technology-based programs represent an appealing and promising option for children and adolescents to promote PA. Objective The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the effects of mobile health (mHealth) and wearable activity trackers on PA-related outcomes in this target group. Methods Electronic databases such as the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched to retrieve English language articles published in peer-reviewed journals from January 2012 to June 2018. Those included were articles that contained descriptions of interventions designed to increase PA among children (aged 6 to 12 years) only, or adolescents (aged 13 to 18 years) only, or articles that include both populations, and also, articles that measured at least 1 PA-related cognitive, psychosocial, or behavioral outcome. The interventions had to be based on mHealth tools (mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, or mobile apps) or wearable activity trackers. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, cohort studies, before-and-after studies, and cross-sectional studies were considered, but only controlled studies with a PA comparison between groups were assessed for methodological quality. Results In total, 857 articles were identified. Finally, 7 studies (5 with tools of mHealth and 2 with wearable activity trackers) met the inclusion criteria. All studies with tools of mHealth used an RCT design, and 3 were of high methodological quality. Intervention delivery ranged from 4 weeks to 12 months, whereby mainly smartphone apps were used as a tool. Intervention delivery in studies with wearable activity trackers covered a period from 22 sessions during school recess and 8 weeks. Trackers were used as an intervention and evaluation tool. No evidence was found for the effect of mHealth tools, respectively wearable activity trackers, on PA-related outcomes. Conclusions Given the small number of studies, poor compliance with accelerometers as a measuring instrument for PA, risk of bias, missing RCTs in relation to wearable activity trackers, and the heterogeneity of intervention programs, caution is warranted regarding the comparability of the studies and their effects. There is a clear need for future studies to develop PA interventions grounded on intervention mapping with a high methodological study design for specific target groups to achieve meaningful evidence.
Evaluation of some morphological traits associated with wheat yield under terminal drought stress

This study was carried out at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj (Iran) in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 growing seasons to investigate the effects of two irrigation regimes (normal irrigation and no irrigation in post-anthesis growth stage) on grain yield of eight wheat cultivars (DM-81-6, DM-82-1, Bahar, DN-11, DN-7, Pishtaz, WS-82-9, and C-85-6). According to the results of variance analysis, it is clear that there is a significant difference among the testing cultivars in grain yield and yield components. It is a result of difference in grain yield reduction among genotypes under different irrigation regimes. DN-11 Genotype produced the highest grain yield under both irrigation regimes. The yield reduction of Bahar genotype was the highest under drought stress conditions. Based upon the result of stepwise regression analysis, the most important yield components were biological yield, harvest index, and 1000 grain yield. Key words:
Automatic Boolean Query Refinement for Systematic Review Literature Search

In the medical domain, systematic reviews are a highly trustworthy evidence source used to inform clinical diagnosis and treatment, and governmental policy making. Systematic reviews must be complete in that all relevant literature for the research question of the review must be synthesised in order to produce a recommendation. To identify the literature to screen for inclusion in systematic reviews, information specialists construct complex Boolean queries that capture the information needs defined by the research questions of the systemic review. However, in the quest for total recall, these Boolean queries return many non relevant results. In this paper, we propose automatic methods for Boolean query refinement in the context of systematic review literature retrieval with the aim of alleviating this high-recall, low-precision problem. To do this, we build upon current literature and define additional semantic transformations for Boolean queries in the form of query expansion and reduction. Empirical evaluation is done on a set of real systematic review queries to show how our method performs in a realistic setting. We found that query refinement strategies produced queries that were more effective than the original in terms of six information retrieval evaluation measures. In particular, queries were refined to increase precision, while maintaining, or even increasing, recall - this, in turn, translates into both time and cost savings when creating laborious and expensive systematic reviews.
Using google translate in EFL drafts: a preliminary investigation

Abstract This study investigates the impact on extemporaneous English-language first drafts by using Google Translate (GT) in three different tasks assigned to Chinese sophomore, junior, and senior students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) majoring in English. Students wrote first in Chinese (Step 1), then drafted corresponding texts in English (Step 2), and translated the Chinese into English using the 2016 GT version (Step 3), and finally compared their self-written (SW) English texts drafted in Step 2 and their GT English texts translated from the Chinese texts in Step 3. Both English drafts were analyzed using two types of online computational assessments to compare and evaluate grammatical components of writing quality and lexical features. Results indicate that the GT English texts presented a number of components of significantly higher writing quality than those of students’ SW texts, by having more words, fewer mistakes in spelling and grammar, and fewer errors per words. In addition, there were more advanced-level words in the students’ GT texts than in their SW ones. A follow-up questionnaire survey indicated that EFL students found satisfaction with using Google Translate in their English writing, especially in finding vocabulary items and enhancing the completion of English writing.
Environmental and Economic Benefits of Saline‐Sodic Soil Reclamation Using Low‐quality Water and Soil Amendments in Conjunction with a Rice–Wheat Cropping System

A combination of appropriate crop rotation(s) and management interventions has the potential to transform saline-sodic soil and water resources from an environmental burden into an economic asset. We carried out 2-year field studies in the Indus Basin of Pakistan to evaluate different irrigation and soil management options of using saline-sodic waters (SSW) and soils for reclamation and for growing salt-tolerant cultivars of rice (SSRI-8) and wheat (SIS-32). These soils have variable levels of salinity and sodicity (EC e 9-44 dS m -1 and SAR 83-319). The treatments on both the sites were the same and consisted of: (1) Irrigation with SSW, (2) Irrigation with freshwater (FW), (3) Soil application of gypsum at 100 % gypsum requirement of soil + SSW (G + SSW), (4) G + one irrigation with SSW and one with FW (G + 1SSW + 1FW), (5) G + two irrigations with SSW and one with FW (G + 2SSW + 1FW), (6) Farm manure at 25 Mg ha -1 each year before rice + one irrigation with SSW and one with FW (FM + 1SSW + 1FW) and (7) FM + two irrigations with SSW and one with FW (FM + 2SSW + 1FW). Rice was grown as the first crop. After harvesting final wheat crop (fourth in sequence), maximum decrease in bulk density and increase in infiltration rate was observed with G + 1SSW + 1FW while FM + 1SSW + 1FW treatment showed higher decrease in pH s and EC e . Significantly the highest decrease in SAR occurred at both sites with G + 1SSW + 1FW. Maximum yields of rice and wheat were generally observed with G + 1SSW + 1FW. The crop yield and economic benefits with treatments showed a positive correlation with that of improvement in soil physical and chemical properties. Overall, the greatest net benefit was obtained from G + 1SSW + 1FW treatment. We also found that the farmers' management skills were crucial in the overall success in improving crop yields during reclamation of saline-sodic soils. Based on the results of this study, we propose that SSW could be used to reclaim saline-sodic soils by using a rice-wheat rotation and a site-specific combination of soil amendments and water application strategies.
Serum level evaluation of interleukin-18 in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

This study is designed to measure the level of interleukin (IL) 18 in polycystic ovary women and its association with obesity. In this study, blood samples from 50 women with PCOS and 30 healthy control women were collected from AL-Yarmouk Teaching, Baghdad Teaching hospitals During January 2018 - March 2018 for estimation of their serum level of IL18 by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and evaluation serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Testosterone, prolactin (PRL) and Estradiol (E2) by using Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The results showed that there is a highly significant increase (P < 0.001) in serum level of IL18 in PCOS women than in healthy control group. As well as, the results of IL-18 value according to Body mass index (BMI) showed significant difference (P<0.05) between BMI and IL-18 level in all the PCOS patient subgroups (normal weight, overweight and obesity). Also, there was a significant increase in LH, FSH, PRL and T, and significant decrease in E2 was detected in PCOS patients.
Insect symbionts and applications: The paradigm of cytoplasmic incompatibility‐inducing Wolbachia

Wolbachia is a group of Gram‐negative, obligatory intracellular and maternally transmitted alpha‐Proteobacteria. They have been reported to establish symbiotic relationships with a great variety of species of the most diverse animal class, the insects, as well as with several other arthropods and with filarial nematodes. The reproductive alterations Wolbachia causes in its hosts account for its widespread distribution. These alterations include parthenogenesis, feminization, male killing, and cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). CI is the most frequent and best studied effect Wolbachia has on its hosts. CI is a form of male sterility, ultimately resulting in embryo lethality in diplodiploid host species. As a consequence of CI, Wolbachia infections spread and lead to the replacement of uninfected populations. CI was used nearly four decades ago to control important disease vectors with very encouraging results, and a number of more recent studies have confirmed the effectiveness of CI as a pest population suppression tool as well as a driving mechanism. Furthermore, recent advancements in the field encourage the development of Wolbachia‐based methods for the biological control of insect pests and disease vectors of agricultural, environmental and medical importance.
Toxicity of Anacostia River, Washington, DC, USA, sediment fed to mute swans (Cygnus olor)

Sediment ingestion is sometimes the principal route by which waterfowl are exposed to environmental contaminants, and at severely contaminated sites waterfowl have been killed by ingesting sediment. Mute swans (Cygnus olor) were fed a diet for 6 weeks with a high but environmentally realistic concentration (24%) of sediment from the moderately polluted Anacostia River in the District of Columbia, USA, to estimate the sediment's toxicity. Control swans were fed the same diet without the sediment. Five organochlorine compounds were detected in the treated diets, but none of 22 organochlorine compounds included in the analyses was detected in livers of the treated swans. The concentrations of 24 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons measured in the treated diet were as high as 0.80 mg/kg, and they were thought to have been responsible for the observed induction of hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activity in livers. A concentration of 85 mg/kg of lead in the diet was enough to decrease red blood cell ALAD activity but was not high enough to cause more serious effects of lead poisoning. The dietary concentrations of Al, Fe, V, and Ba were high compared to the concentrations of these elements known to be toxic in laboratory feeding studies. However, the lack of accumulation in the livers of the treated swans suggested that these elements were not readily available from the ingested sediment. We did not study all potential toxic effects, but, on the basis of those that we did consider, we concluded that the treated swans were basically healthy after a chronic exposure to the sediment.
Mutation and polymorphism analysis of SPG4 and SPG3A in Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia

Objective To screen the mutation and analysis its characteristics of SPG4 and SPG3A in Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Methods Mutation and polymorphism of the SPG4 and SPG3A were screened in the index eases of 26 autesomal dominant families (AD-HSP) and 30 sporadic cases by combination of DHPLC and sequencing analysis, then the index cases of 26 AD-HSP were further confirmed with direct sequencing.Results One novel mutation of SPG4, 1616 + 1g→t, was identified in the index ease from an AD-HSP family.Three symptomatic patients and 2 pre-symptomatic patients were found in this family by sequencing analysis.No mutation of SPG3A was detected.In addition, 8 novel SPG4 polymorphisms and 3 novel SPG3A polymorphisms were identified.Conclusions The study has broadened the mutation and polymorphism spectrums of SPG4 and SPG3A.Mutation of these two genes is less common in this group of patients. Key words: Spastic paraplegia, hereditary; Adenosine triphosphatases; GTP phosphohydrolases; Mutation ; Polymorphism, genetic
Structure and properties of sugar beet fibres.

Fibrous fractions were prepared from sugar beet pulp (RF) by sequential extractions with potassium oxalate, 0.05 M hydrochloric acid at 85°C and 0.05 m sodium hydroxide at 4°C. The overall composition, polysaccharide structure and some physico-chemical properties (cation exchange capacity, CEC; water holding capacity, WHC; swelling) of each fraction were determined. RF was mostly composed of carbohydrates (66.3 %) with minor amounts of ash, proteins and lignin. The main polysaccharides were highly methylated and acetylated pectins, cellulose and arabinans. The oxalate residue (82.1 % of RF) exhibited only minute differences from RF whereas the acidic and alkaline residues, accounting for 42.8 % and 35.5 % of RF, respectively, were enriched in cellulose and hemicelluloses (xylans, xyloglucans, mannans) and mostly devoid of pectins and arabinans. CEC and WHC of fractions were closely related to the content of unmethylated galacturonic acid residues. The influence of the ionic form of ionisable groups was demonstrated, the Na+ form giving the highest WHC. The ionic strength of the medium can reduce the WHC, especially in the case of the acid and alkali-extracted fibres.
Growth and yield of grafted cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) on different soilless substrates

Grafting of cucurbits has a role to play, especially in controlled environment vegetable production and many rootstocks have been selected to improve resistance to different stressed conditions, such as low soil temperature, lacking of minerals, as well as soil salinity and flooding. In greenhouse soilless culture is the most intensive and effective form of cultivation, which offers significant advantages, such as elimination of soil-borne diseases and enabling the successful cultivation of vegetables on unproductive degraded soil. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different soilless substrates (perlite and expanded clay pellets) on yield and development of grafted and ungrafted cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in summer 2006, and in summer 2007, to evaluate the effect of 3 rootstocks on growth and yield of cucumber, grown in perlite. Both years hybrid cultivar of salad cucumber Edona was used as a scion and 3 interspecific hybrids (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam. × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir.): RS 841 (both years), Cirrus and Nimbus (in 2007), were used as rootstocks. In the first experiment, growth of cucumbers was significantly better in perlite than in expanded clay pellets, where the marketable yield was in average for 30% higher (7.9 kg plant -1 in perlite; 6.1 kg plant -1 in clay pellets). Grafted plants had a larger stem diameter, bigger root system and higher yield than ungrafted plants. In the second experiment, marketable yield of grafted cucumber plants was significantly higher only with rootstock RS 841 F1 (5.72 kg plant -1 ), while yields of plants grafted onto Cirrus F1 (5.00 kg plant-1) and Nimbus F1 (5.15 kg plant-1) were higher than the control (ungrafted plants), but the differences were not significant. Grafting did not affect fruit weight neither in the first nor in the second experiment.
Siblings of children with disabilities

Sadržaj rada- rad opisuje posebnosti odnosa sestara i brace kada jedan od njih ima teskoce s fokusom na teskoce ucenja i ADHD te vrste podrske tipicnoj braci i sestrama djece s teskocama.
Age and population group related distribution of enteropathogens in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

The frequency of Salmonella spp. , Shigella spp. , Campylobacter spp. , Yersinia enterocolitica, Aeromonas hydrophilia and Helminths in samples from various hospitals of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, were analysed for trends involving age distribution and population group. Significant differences in the distribution of these pathogens could be attributed to hygiene and environmental difference between the age and population groups which suggests that rapid urbanization and poor water supply remain major problems in the drought prone Eastern Cape.
Reproductive Performance in Cows with Extended Calving Interval

Contents The effects of increased calving intervals on reproduction were studied in two herds. In Herd 1 cows were managed for 12- or 15-month calving intervals and in Herd 2 for 12- or 18-month intervals. Data from the study revealed that managing cows for a longer calving interval improved the fertility. Animals with a short interval needed more hormonal treatments to be inseminated on time due to anoestrus, compared to animals with longer intervals. Once the animals were inseminated there was a tendency for a higher conception rate at first AI in the 15-month group compared with the 12-month group. The cows in the 15-month group needed a lower number of AIs per serviced cow and a shorter period from the first AI to conception. Culling due to fertility problems was more frequent in the 12-month group. A longer period of days open did not imply an increased risk for development of cystic ovaries and did not result in weaker heat symptoms over time.
Researchdistribution of malaria and the association between its epidemic and climate factors in Hainan, China

Background: Hainan is one of the provinces most severely affected by malaria epidemics in China. The distribution pattern and major determinant climate factors of malaria in this region have remained obscure, making it difficult to target countermeasures for malaria surveillance and control. This study detected the spatiotemporal distribution of malaria and explored the association between malaria epidemics and climate factors in Hainan. Methods: The cumulative and annual malaria incidences of each county were calculated and mapped from 1995 to 2008 to show the spatial distribution of malaria in Hainan. The annual and monthly cumulative malaria incidences of the province between 1995 and 2008 were calculated and plotted to observe the annual and seasonal fluctuation. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was employed to explore the temporal trends in the annual malaria incidences. Cross correlation and autocorrelation analyses were performed to detect the lagged effect of climate factors on malaria transmission and the auto correlation of malaria incidence. A multivariate time series analysis was conducted to construct a model of climate factors to explore the association between malaria epidemics and climate factors. Results: The highest malaria incidences were mainly distributed in the central-south counties of the province. A fluctuating but distinctly declining temporal trend of annual malaria incidences was identified (Cochran-Armitage trend test Z = -25.14, P 0.05), indicating that the model extracted information sufficiently. There was no significant difference between the monthly predicted value and the actual value (t = -1.91, P = 0.08). The R 2 for predicting was 0.70, and the autocorrelations of the predictive residuals were not significant (P > 0.05), indicating that the model had a good predictive ability. Discussion: Public health resource allocations should focus on the areas and months with the highest malaria risk in Hainan. Malaria epidemics can be accurately predicted by monitoring the fluctuations of the mean temperature of the previous month and of the previous two months in the area. Therefore, targeted countermeasures can be taken ahead of time, which will make malaria surveillance and control in Hainan more effective and simpler. This model was constructed using relatively long-term data and had a good fit and predictive validity, making the results more reliable than the previous report. Conclusions: The spatiotemporal distribution of malaria in Hainan varied in different areas and during different years. The monthly trends in the malaria epidemics in Hainan could be predicted effectively by using the multivariate time series model. This model will make malaria surveillance simpler and the control of malaria more targeted in Hainan.