Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure Exerted on a Semi-Infinite Lossles Dispersionless Dielectric by a Plane Electromagnetic Wave

We show that a correct answer to the simplest question about the pressure exerted on semiinfinite transparent lossles dispersionless dielectric at normal incidence of a continuous plane electromagnetic wave is absent at present. It is believed since 1904 that the pressure is negative and is given by -2W 0(n-1)/(n+1) where W 0 is the momentum flux in free space, n is the refractive index of the medium. It is shown in 2002 that the pressure should be positive in accordance with the approach based on the Lorentz density force that is believed at present as a principal theoretical tool that is directly related to the various observable quantities in a transparent way. We use results of two unambiguous but contradictory experiments as a ground of our consideration and conclude that the Lorentz density force approach is incorrect and Abraham density force should be used rather than the Lorentz one. The pressure produced by a continuous wave is negative and coincides with the pressure derived in 1904. The pressure produced by a pulse of the wave when the leading edge of the pulse is entering the dielectric is positive and is equal by value to the pressure produced by the continuous wave.
The Multiple Change-Points Problem for the Spectral Distribution

We consider the problem of detecting an unknown number of change-points in the spectrum of a second-order stationary random process. To reach this goal, some maximal inequalities for quadratic forms are first given under very weak assumptions. In a parametric framework, and when the number of changes is known, the change-point instants and the parameter vector are estimated using the Whittle pseudo-likelihood of the observations. A penalized minimum contrast estimate is proposed when the number of changes is unknown. The statistical properties of these estimates hold for strongly mixing and also long-range dependent processes. Estimation in a nonparametric framework is also considered, by using the spectral measure function. We conclude with an application to electroencephalogram analysis.
On a conjecture of Balog

A conjecture of A. Balog is proved which gives a sufficient condition on a set A of positive integers such that A n) (A + 1) is infinite. A consequence of this result is that, for every e > 0, there are infinitely many integers n such that both n and n + 1 have a prime factor > n1 -.
Endothelial cell CD36 mediates stroke-induced brain injury via BBB dysfunction and monocyte infiltration in normal and obese conditions

CD36 expressed in multiple cell types regulates inflammation, vascular function, and innate immunity. Specifically, CD36 in microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) signals to elicit inflammation and causes EC death. This study investigated roles for EC-CD36 on acute stroke pathology in normal and obese conditions. Obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HD) selectively increased CD36 expression in ECs, not in monocytes/macrophages, in the post-ischemic brain. Mice deficient CD36 in ECs (ECCD36−/−) showed reduced injury size and vascular permeability in normal conditions. While control mice fed a HD developed obesity and aggravated stroke injury, ECCD36−/− mice were resistant to develop an obesity phenotype. Subjecting ECCD36−/− mice to stroke resulted in reduced injury size and BBB disruption. Moreover, the mice had reduced MCP-1 and CCR2 gene expression, resulting in reduced monocyte trafficking with improved survival and acute motor function. Reduced MCP-1 and CCR2 expression was still evident in ECCD36−/− mice subjected to severe stroke, suggesting that monocyte trafficking is an infarct-independent metabolic effect associated with specific EC-CD36 deletion. Our findings demonstrate the importance of EC-CD36 in developing vascular comorbidities and suggest that targeting EC-CD36 is a potential preventative strategy to normalize vascular risk factors, leading to improved acute stroke outcomes.
The Enigmas of Lymphatic Muscle Cells: Where Do They Come From, How Are They Maintained, and Can They Regenerate?

BACKGROUND Lymphatic muscle cell (LMC) contractility and coverage of collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs) are integral to effective lymphatic drainage and tissue homeostasis. In fact, defects in lymphatic contractility have been identified in various conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and obesity. However, the fundamental role of LMCs in these pathologic processes is limited, primarily due to the difficulty in directly investigating the enigmatic nature of this poorly characterized cell type. LMCs are a unique cell type that exhibit dual tonic and phasic contractility with hybrid structural features of both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and cardiac myocytes. While advances have been made in recent years to better understand the biochemistry and function of LMCs, central questions regarding their origins, investiture into CLVs, and homeostasis remain unanswered. OBJECTIVE To summarize these discoveries, unexplained experimental results, and critical future directions, here we provide a focused review of current knowledge and open questions related to LMC progenitor cells, recruitment, maintenance, and regeneration. We also highlight the high-priority research goal of identifying LMC-specific genes towards genetic conditional-inducible in vivo gain and loss of function studies. DISCUSSION While our interest in LMCs has been focused on understanding lymphatic dysfunction in an arthritic flare, these concepts are integral to the broader field of lymphatic biology, and have important potential for clinical translation through targeted therapeutics to control lymphatic contractility and drainage.
Classical time varying factor‐augmented vector auto‐regressive models—estimation, forecasting and structural analysis

We propose a classical approach to estimate factor‐augmented vector auto‐regressive (FAVAR) models with time variation in the parameters. When the time varying FAVAR model is estimated by using a large quarterly data set of US variables from 1972 to 2012, the results indicate some changes in the factor dynamics, and more marked variation in the factors' shock volatility and their loading parameters. Forecasts from the time varying FAVAR model are more accurate, in particular over the global financial crisis period, than forecasts from other benchmark models. Finally, we use the time varying FAVAR model to assess how monetary transmission to the economy has changed.
Does Hope Reverberate Between Generations?

Intergenerational transmission refers to the transmission of stories, traits, abilities, ideas, behaviors, and various outcomes from parents to their children. To date, there has been little research on the intergenerational transmission of positive behavior, traits, and actions. To determine whether hope may be transmitted from one generation to the next, a qualitative study was performed, using narrative inquiry and thematic analysis. Over 4 months, four mothers of children with mental illness were engaged in repeated conversations about stories of hope related to their past and how they envisioned hope in their children. Findings indicated that hope could be transmitted to the next generation, either explicitly (verbally) or implicitly (i.e., expressed through actions involving one’s children). We conclude that also positive patterns may be transmitted both explicitly and implicitly from one generation to the next. Transmitting hope between generations played a significant role in the mothers’ experiences of hope.
Growth After Menarche in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objectives: Growth impairment in pediatric patients with pediatric onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is multifactorial. Reports on the effect of age at menarche on adult stature in this population are limited. This study investigated the impact of age at menarche, disease-associated factors, and mid-parental height on growth from menarche to final height (FHt) in pediatric patients with Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and IBD unclassified (IBD-U). Methods: Subjects were enrolled from a prospectively maintained pediatric IBD database when IBD preceded menarche and dates of menarche and FHt measurements were recorded. Results: One hundred forty-six patients: CD 112 and UC 30/IBD-U 4. Mean age (years) at diagnosis (10.9 vs 10.1), menarche (14.4 vs 14.0), and FHt (19.6 vs 19.7). CD and UC/IBD-U patients showed significant association between Chronological age (CA) at menarche and FHt (cm, P < 0.001) but not FHt z score (FHt-Z) < −1.0 (P = 0.42). FHt-Z < −2.0 occurred in only 5 patients. Growth impairment (FHt-Z < −1.0) was associated with surgery before menarche (P = 0.03), jejunal disease (P = 0.003), low mid-parental height z score (MPH-Z) (P < 0.001), hospitalization for CD (P = 0.03) but not UC, recurrent corticosteroid, or anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) therapy. Conclusions: Early age of menarche was associated with greater potential for linear growth to FHt but not FHt-Z (P < 0.05). Surgery before menarche, jejunal disease, hospitalization for CD, low MPH, and weight z score were associated with FHt-Z < −1.0.
Numerical investigation of laminar fluid flow in an oscillating sphere

The paper deals with the numerical simulation of three dimensional oscillating fluid flow of filled and partial filled hollow spheres. We use a program based on finite volume method developed by the DLR. Our main interest is on the secondary flow in the middle plane. Results are presented for Newtonian fluids in dependence of different boundary conditions which are compared with analytical and experimental investigations. (© 2009 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton localization and the Stokes’ shift in InGaN epilayers

We report a comparative study of the emission and absorption spectra of a range of commercial InGaN light-emitting diodes and high-quality epilayers. A working definition of the form of the absorption edge for alloys is proposed, which allows a unique definition of the Stokes’ shift. A linear dependence of the Stokes’ shift on the emission peak energy is then demonstrated for InGaN using experimental spectra of both diode and epilayer samples, supplemented by data from the literature. In addition, the broadening of the absorption edge is shown to increase as the emission peak energy decreases. These results are discussed in terms of the localization of excitons at highly indium-rich quantum dots within a phase-segregated alloy.
Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support Use and Clinical Outcomes of Simultaneous Heart/Kidney Transplant Recipients in the Pre– and Post–heart Allocation Policy Change Eras

Background. The use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) devices (intra-aortic balloon pump; Impella 2.5, CP, 5.0; venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) increased significantly across the United States for heart transplant candidates after the allocation policy change. Whether this practice change also affected simultaneous heart-kidney (SHK) candidates and recipient survival is understudied. Methods. We used the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database to identify adult SHK recipients between January 2010 and March 2022. The population was stratified into pre– and post–heart allocation change cohorts. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to compare 1-y survival rates. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the effect of allocation period on patient survival. Recipient outcomes bridged with eligible tMCS devices were compared in the post–heart allocation era. In a separate analysis, SHK waitlist mortality was evaluated between the allocation eras. Results. A total of 1548 SHK recipients were identified, and 1102 were included in the final cohort (534 pre-allocation and 568 post-allocation change). tMCS utilization increased from 17.9% to 51.6% after the allocation change, with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use rising most significantly. However, 1-y post-SHK survival remained unchanged in the full cohort (log-rank P = 0.154) and those supported with any of the eligible tMCS devices. In a separate analysis (using a larger cohort of all SHK listings), SHK waitlist mortality at 1 y was significantly lower in the current allocation era (P = 0.002). Conclusions. Despite the remarkable increase in tMCS use in SHK candidates after the heart allocation change, 1 y posttransplant survival remained unchanged. Further studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm these findings.
CORRIGENDUM: Logarithmic corrections to finite-size scaling in strips

Abstract The corrections to the finite-size scaling behaviour of the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix of a critical theory defined on an infinitely long strip of finite width, which occur when the Hamiltonian contains a marginal operator, are computed using conformal invariance. They show a calculable universal logarthmic character. For the four-state Potts model they agree with numerical data.
Ultrasound-guided trans-incisional quadratus lumborum block versus ultrasound-guided caudal analgesia in pediatric open renal surgery: a randomized trial

Background The caudal route is a common approach for postoperative analgesia; however, it is associated with limited duration of action. The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) may produce prolonged postoperative analgesia. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided caudal block with that of the ultrasound-guided transincisional QLB (TiQLB) in pediatric patients undergoing open renal surgery. Methods Forty patients of both sexes, aged 2–11 years, were randomly assigned to receive either caudal analgesia with 1.25 ml/kg of bupivacaine 0.2% (Caudal group; n = 20) or a QLB with 0.5 ml/kg of bupivacaine 0.2% (TiQLB group; n = 20) in addition to standard general anesthesia. Time to first analgesia was the primary outcome. Total analgesic consumption in the first 24 h postoperatively, pain scores, and the incidence of side effects were the secondary outcomes. Results The mean time to first analgesic requirement was significantly longer in the TiQLB group than in the Caudal group (18.8 ± 5.1 vs. 6.7 ± 0.7 h, P < 0.001). Total ketorolac consumption and pain scores were significantly lower in the TiQLB group (P < 0.001). A few cases of mild postoperative nausea and vomiting were noted among patients in both groups; however, the difference was not statistically significant. No incidence of pruritus, shivering, or respiratory depression was noted. Conclusions Analgesia after the ultrasound-guided TiQLB with bupivacaine was superior to that after the ultrasound-guided caudal block, with similar side effects.
The mixing layer and its coherence examined from the point of view of two-dimensional turbulence

A two-dimensional numerical large-eddy simulation of a temporal mixing layer submitted to a white-noise perturbation is performed. It is shown that the first pairing of vortices having the same sign is responsible for the formation of a continuous spatial longitudinal energy spectrum of slope between k−4 and k−3. After two successive pairings this spectral range extends to more than 1 decade. The vorticity thickness, averaged over several calculations differing by the initial white-noise realization, is shown to grow linearly, and eventually saturates. This saturation is associated with the finite size of the computational domain. We then examine the predictability of the mixing layer, considering the growth of decorrelation between pairs of flows differing slightly at the first roll-up. The inverse cascade of error through the kinetic energy spectrum is displayed. The error rate is shown to grow exponentially, and saturates together with the levelling-off of the vorticity thickness growth. Extrapolation of these results leads to the conclusion that, in an infinite domain, the two fields would become completely decorrelated. It turns out that the two-dimensional mixing layer is an example of flow that is unpredictable and possesses a broadband kinetic energy spectrum, though composed mainly of spatially coherent structures. It is finally shown how this two-dimensional predictability analysis can be associated with the growth of a particular spanwise perturbation developing on a Kelvin-Helmholtz billow: this is done in the framework of a one-mode spectral truncation in the spanwise direction. Within this analogy, the loss of two-dimensional predictability would correspond to a return to three-dimensionality and a loss of coherence. We indicate also how a new coherent structure could then be recreated, using an eddy-viscosity assumption and the linear instability of the mean inflexional shear.
A Novel Approach to Assess Weekly Self-efficacy for Meeting Personalized Physical Activity Goals Via a Cellphone: 12-Week Longitudinal Study

Background Despite the health benefits of engaging in regular physical activity (PA), the majority of American adults do not meet the PA guidelines for aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities. Self-efficacy, the belief that one can execute specific actions, has been suggested to be a strong determinant of PA behaviors. With the increasing availability of digital technologies, collecting longitudinal real-time self-efficacy and PA data has become feasible. However, evidence in longitudinal real-time assessment of self-efficacy in relation to objectively measured PA is scarce. Objective This study aimed to examine a novel approach to measure individuals' real-time weekly self-efficacy in response to their personalized PA goals and performance over the 12-week intervention period in community-dwelling women who were not meeting PA guidelines. Methods In this secondary data analysis, 140 women who received a 12-week PA intervention were asked to report their real-time weekly self-efficacy via a study mobile app. PA (daily step counts) was measured by an accelerometer every day for 12 weeks. Participants rated their self-efficacy on meeting PA goals (ranging from “not confident” to “very confident”) at the end of each week via a mobile app. We used a logistic mixed model to examine the association between weekly self-efficacy and weekly step goal success, controlling for age, BMI, self-reported White race, having a college education or higher, being married, and being employed. Results The mean age was 52.7 (SD 11.5, range 25-68) years. Descriptive analyses showed the dynamics of real-time weekly self-efficacy on meeting PA goals and weekly step goal success. The majority (74.4%) of participants reported being confident in the first week, whereas less than half of them (46.4%) reported confidence in the final week of the intervention. Participants who met weekly step goals were 4.41 times more likely to be confident about achieving the following week's step goals than those who did not meet weekly step goals (adjusted odds ratio 4.41; 95% CI 2.59-7.50; P<.001). Additional analysis revealed that participants who were confident about meeting the following week’s step goals were 2.07 times more likely to meet their weekly step goals in the following week (adjusted odds ratio 2.07; 95% CI 1.16-3.70; P=.01). The significant bidirectional association between real-time self-efficacy and weekly step goal success was confirmed in a series of sensitivity analyses. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential utility of a novel approach to examine self-efficacy in real time for analysis of self-efficacy in conjunction with objectively measured PA. Discovering the dynamic patterns and changes in weekly self-efficacy on meeting PA goals may aid in designing a personalized PA intervention. Evaluation of this novel approach in an RCT is warranted.
The road to pandemic recovery: Tracking COVID-19’s impact on cirrhosis care and outcomes among 111,558 Veterans

Background & Aims: This study aimed to evaluate quarterly trends in process and health outcomes among Veterans with cirrhosis and assess the factors associated with cirrhosis outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Approach & Results: US Veterans with cirrhosis were identified using the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse. Quarterly measures were evaluated from September 30, 2018, through March 31, 2022, including twice yearly screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC-6), new HCC, surveillance for or treatment of esophageal varices, variceal bleeding, all-cause hospitalization, and mortality. Joinpoint analyses were used to assess the changes in trends over time. Logistic regression models were used to identify the demographic and medical factors associated with each outcome over time. Among 111,558 Veterans with cirrhosis with a mean Model for End-stage Liver Disease-Sodium of 11±5, rates of HCC-6 sharply declined from a prepandemic peak of 41%, to a nadir of 28%, and rebounded to 36% by March 2022. All-cause mortality did not significantly change over the pandemic, but new HCC diagnosis, EVST, variceal bleeding, and all-cause hospitalization significantly declined over follow-up. Quarterly HCC diagnosis declined from 0.49% to 0.38%, EVST from 50% to 41%, variceal bleeding from 0.15% to 0.11%, and hospitalization from 9% to 5%. Rurality became newly, significantly associated with nonscreening over the pandemic (aOR for HCC−6=0.80, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.86; aOR for EVST=0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.997). Conclusions: The pandemic continues to impact cirrhosis care. Identifying populations at the highest risk of care disruptions may help to address ongoing areas of need.
Obesity partially potentiates dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-exposed ovotoxicity by altering the DNA damage repair response in mice

Abstract Obesity adversely affects reproduction, impairing oocyte quality, fecundity, conception, and implantation. The ovotoxicant, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, is biotransformed into a genotoxic metabolite to which the ovary responds by activating the ataxia telangiectasia mutated DNA repair pathway. Basal ovarian DNA damage coupled with a blunted response to genotoxicant exposure occurs in obese females, leading to the hypothesis that obesity potentiates ovotoxicity through ineffective DNA damage repair. Female KK.Cg-a/a (lean) and KK.Cg-Ay/J (obese) mice received corn oil or dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (1 mg/kg) at 9 weeks of age for 7 days via intraperitoneal injection (n = 10/treatment). Obesity increased liver weight (P < 0.001) and reduced (P < 0.05) primary, preantral, and corpora lutea number. In lean mice, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exposure tended (P < 0.1) to increase proestrus duration and reduced (P = 0.07) primordial follicle number. Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exposure decreased (P < 0.05) uterine weight and increased (P < 0.05) primary follicle number in obese mice. Total ovarian abundance of BRCA1, γ H2AX, H3K4me, H4K5ac, H4K12ac, and H4K16ac (P > 0.05) was unchanged by obesity or dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exposure. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated decreased (P < 0.05) abundance of γ H2AX foci in antral follicles of obese mice. In primary follicle oocytes, BRCA1 protein was reduced (P < 0.05) by dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exposure in lean mice. Obesity also decreased (P < 0.05) BRCA1 protein in primary follicle oocytes. These findings support both a follicle stage-specific ovarian response to dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exposure and an impact of obesity on this ovarian response. Summary Sentence Different responses to DMBA exposure occur in lean and obese mice, indicating that obesity impairs DNA repair in the ovary.
The Magnetic Field in Star-forming Large Globules

The magnetic field in the three large star-forming globules L810, B335, and ESO 210-6A has been mapped by near-infrared polarimetry of background stars. L810 and B335 show bent magnetic field lines, while in ESO 210-6A, the field lines point away from the center of the Gum nebula. These magnetic field structures are interpreted in a model based on the interaction of a globule with an expanding interstellar shell. 44 references.