Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eugenol improves tissue damage and oxidative stress in adult female rats after ovarian torsion/detorsion

Abstract The current study was designed to investigate the effect of eugenol on histopathological changes and oxidative stress caused by torsion/detorsion in the ovary of adult female rats. In this study, forty-eight female Wistar rats were classified into six groups; Sham and 2 healthy group receiving 30, 60 mg/kg eugenol; ovarian torsion/detorsion; and 2 experimental groups receiving 30, 60 mg/kg eugenol. After ten days, the plasma levels of oestrogen, testosterone, and some oxidative stress markers were assessed. also, the histomorphometric study was performed. A marked degenerative changes in the TD group was observed (p < .001). The oestrogen, GPX, and SOD levels were remarkably declined in the G2 group, while they were reversed to the baseline values in groups receiving eugenol. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was remarkably increased during the ischaemia (p < .001). The treatment with eugenol significantly diminished MDA levels in different groups (p < .001). Our finding indicated that eugenol could protect the ovarian tissue against oxidative stress and tissue injury induced by torsion/detorsion. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known about this subject? Ovarian torsion is one of the commonest gynecological emergencies in all age groups of the female gender. Timely diagnosis and management of ovarian torsion are crucial, especially for women of reproductive age. Detorsion is one of the interventions used for the prevention of ovarian tissue damage. Ovarian ischaemia/reperfusion is a pathophysiological condition in which decreased blood flow, and oxygen deficiency (ischaemia) are observed in ovarian tissues as a result of ovarian torsion. Following torsion, the inflammatory response induced by detorsion (reperfusion) leads to vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and microcirculation abnormalities, which are responsible for the cause of ovarian tissue damage. What do the results of this study add? This study found that eugenol, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, could be used experimentally to diminish the I/R damage in the ovary through the attenuation of detrimental histological events, decreasing the serum level of MDA and testosterone, and increasing the level of SOD and GPX enzymes. To date, there is no report on the application of eugenol for diminishing T/D-induced oxidative stress in the ovary. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice? Eugenol has been shown to possess therapeutic properties in patients with ovarian torsion. Further clinical studies are necessary to prove the beneficial effect of eugenol on the prevention of I/R-induced ovarian damage.
Spin-dependent X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of 3d Transition Metals: Systematics and Applications

In this thesis, the magnetic and structural properties of the interfaces in Fe/V superlattices and prototype Fe/V/Fe trilayers are investigated by means of the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at L2,3 absorption edges. Properties such as the magnetic anisotropy and the magnetic transport properties are considered to be substantially influenced by the induced magnetism. The XMCD technique provides a site-specific insight to the induced magnetism at interfaces due to its element-specificity. In contrast to experiments, which probe the total magnetic response of the system as for instance the sample magnetization by VSM and the spectroscopic splitting g-factor by FMR, both the Fe moments and the induced V moments at the common interface can be determined. The frequently reported discrepancies between theory and experiments on the magnetic properties of interfaces are resolved by investigating the role of interdiffusion and roughness in prototype Fe/V/Fe trilayers which are grown with a certain growth recipe tuning the structural and magnetic properties at the interface. The induced circular dichroism of the early 3d transition metals (TM’s) is a very small difference between the absorption intensities for left and right circularly polarized light. However, the unique XMCD spectra for the early 3d TM’s V, Ti, and Cr presented in this thesis were obtained using a gap-scan technique which drives both the undulator and monochromator on the beamline station simultaneously. In contrast to the XMCD spectra of the late 3d ferromagnets Fe, Co, and Ni, the XMCD spectra reveal a rich variety of spectral features in the absorption fine structure. It is demonstrated that the analysis of the XMCD spectra for the early 3d TM cannot be performed in straight-forward manner. By the systematic investigation of the XMCD spectra at the beginning of the 3d series, carried out in the framework of this thesis, it is shown that the application of the commonly used magneto-optical sum rules fails due to the presence of core hole correlation effects. Hence, an alternative approach for the determination of the spin and orbital moments is proposed by analyzing the spectral line-shape of the circular dichroism. For the interpretation of the XMCD spectra, the experimental data are compared to fully relativistic ab initio theory which provides both the magnetic moments and the corresponding spin-dependent absorption fine structure. Since a comprehensive theory to
Comparison of the canning quality of small white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) canned in tomato sauce by a small‐scale and an industrial method

The use of laboratory canning techniques to predict the commercial canning quality of dry beans is widely accepted in bean breeding. The validation of laboratory canning procedures is determined by its relationship with commercial practices. Laboratory evaluation of the canning quality of industrially canned beans obtained from retailers stressed that canning quality standards for South African small white beans in tomato sauce need defining. Four small white bean cultivars were canned and evaluated according to laboratory procedures and the same cultivars were supplied to an industrial canner to be canned according to industrial procedures. Different canning parameters used in the laboratory (hydration coefficient, percentage washed drained weight, visual appearance, splits, size, texture and colour) and by industry (water uptake, percentage washed drained weight, splits, size) necessitated the use of multivariate analysis to compare the two sets of data. Canonical variate analyses showed the same groupings of cultivars according to canning quality for laboratory and industrial canning. Laboratory procedures were therefore as successful as industrial procedures in grouping cultivars according to canning quality. For bean breeding purposes, it was also shown that the laboratory canning and evaluation method is able to detect the same environmental and genetic effects on canning quality that also affect industrial canning. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Brief Mindfulness Breathing Exercises and Working Memory Capacity: Findings from Two Experimental Approaches

Mindfulness training has been extensively researched and found to elicit positive effects on cognitive performance, including working memory capacity. Benefits to cognitive function have been extended to brief mindfulness training as well. However, not much is known about its effect on working memory capacity. The current study examined the effects of a single 15-min session of mindful attention to breathing compared to a 15-min session of mind-wandering exercise in a within-subjects experimental design (Study 1; N = 82) and a between-subjects experimental design (Study 2; N = 424). Contrary to our hypotheses, in both experiments, we did not find any evidence that participants in the mindfulness condition outperform the control condition on an operation span task (Study 1) and a symmetry span task (Study 2). These results suggest that a single session of mindful practice may not be sufficient to enhance working memory capacity.
Involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in chronic restraint stress: disturbances of the kynurenine metabolic pathway in both the gut and brain

ABSTRACT Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may interact with the host brain and play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanism underlying reciprocal interactions along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression remains unclear. In this study, a murine model of chronic restraint stress (CRS) was established to investigate the metabolic signaling of tryptophan (Trp) neurotransmission at the intestinal and central levels in depression. The results showed that CRS mice displayed depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Additionally, kynurenine (Kyn) and its metabolites, an important Trp metabolic pathway, were strongly activated in the brain. Intriguingly, the Kyn toxic signaling was exacerbated in the gut, especially in the colon. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a rate-limiting enzyme responsible for Kyn metabolic pathway initiation, was significantly upregulated in the brain and gut in CRS mice compared with control mice, promoting transfer of Trp metabolic pathway to Kyn signaling. Additionally, administration of IDO inhibitor, 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT), partially rescued CRS-induced depression- and anxiety-like changes. Moreover, the enhanced intestinal permeability mediated by CRS allowed toxic metabolites to “leak” into the bloodstream. The microbiome profiles of CRS mice displayed obviously altered taxonomic composition and negative correlations were observed between Enterorhabdus, Parabacteroides and Kyn levels in the brain. Reciprocal crosstalk between the brain and gut was further validated by citalopram treatment, IDO inhibitor and microbiota intervention, which counteracted depression-like behavior, Kyn metabolic signaling and microbiota composition in CRS mice. Meanwhile, Parabacteroides treatment affected Trp metabolism in mouse hippocampus, manifesting as elevated concentration of 5-HT as well as ratio of 5-HT to Trp. These results suggest that long-term stress disrupts Kyn metabolism and endocrine function along the gut-brain axis, accompanied by the disrupted homeostasis of certain microbiota, which collectively contribute to the development of depression-like behavior.
Quantitative Assessment of Viral Dispersion Associated with Respiratory Support Devices in a Simulated Critical Care Environment

Rationale: Patients with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) require supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support. It is unclear whether some respiratory support devices may increase the dispersion of infectious bioaerosols and thereby place healthcare workers at increased risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Objectives: To quantitatively compare viral dispersion from invasive and noninvasive respiratory support modalities. Methods: This study used a simulated ICU room with a breathing-patient simulator exhaling nebulized bacteriophages from the lower respiratory tract with various respiratory support modalities: invasive ventilation (through an endotracheal tube with an inflated cuff connected to a mechanical ventilator), helmet ventilation with a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve, noninvasive bilevel positive-pressure ventilation, nonrebreather face masks, high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), and nasal prongs. Measurements and Main Results: Invasive ventilation and helmet ventilation with a PEEP valve were associated with the lowest bacteriophage concentrations in the air, and HFNO and nasal prongs were associated with the highest concentrations. At the intubating position, bacteriophage concentrations associated with HFNO (2.66 × 104 plaque-forming units [PFU]/L of air sampled), nasal prongs (1.60 × 104 PFU/L of air sampled), nonrebreather face masks (7.87 × 102 PFU/L of air sampled), and bilevel positive airway pressure (1.91 × 102 PFU/L of air sampled) were significantly higher than those associated with invasive ventilation (P < 0.05 for each). The difference between bacteriophage concentrations associated with helmet ventilation with a PEEP valve (4.29 × 10–1 PFU/L of air sampled) and bacteriophage concentrations associated with invasive ventilation was not statistically significant. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential differential risk of dispersing virus among respiratory support devices and the importance of appropriate infection prevention and control practices and personal protective equipment for healthcare workers when caring for patients with transmissible respiratory viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2.
Cryogenic and Simulated Fuel Jet Breakup in Argon, Helium and Nitrogen Gas Flows

Two-phase flow atomization of liquid nitrogen jets was experimentally investigated. They were co-axially injected into high-velocity gas flows of helium, nitrogen and argon, respectively, and atomized internally inside a two-fluid fuel nozzle. Cryogenic sprays with relatively high specific surface areas were produced, i.e., ratios of surface area to volume were fairly high. This was indicated by values of reciprocal Sauter mean diameters, RSMD's, as measured with a scattered- light scanning instrument developed at NASA Lewis Research Center. Correlating expressions were derived for the three atomizing gases over a gas temperature range of 111 to 422 K. Also, the correlation was extended to include waterjet breakup data that had been previously obtained in simulating fuel jet breakup in sonic velocity gas flow. The final correlating expression included a new dimensionless molecular-scale acceleration group. It was needed to correlate RSMD data, for LN2 and H2O sprays, with the fluid properties of the liquid jets and atomizing gases used in this investigation.
Quantitative Analysis of High Temperature Toxic Metal Sorption Rates Using Aerosol Fractionation

The airborne emission of toxic metals, such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium, from coal-fired boilers and incinerators is a major problem. These metals, which are considered to be semivolatile, are vaporized in the flame and subsequently form submicron particles. Since submicron particles are difficult to remove, one strategy to prevent emission is to inhibit ultra-fine particle formation within the combustor. Recent work has demonstrated that the sorbents such as kaolinite and lime are able to capture semivolatile metal vapors at high temperatures, thus preventing nucleation and condensation at lower temperatures. However, to develop practical scale technology, the rate of metal sorption by sorbents must be quantified. In this paper, an aerosol size fractionation approach is proposed to determine the extent of metal vapor-sorbent interactions above the metal dew point. The applicability of this methodology is illustrated by determining the rate of capture of cadmium by powdered, kaolinite sorbent at high combustion temperatures. An estimate of the rate of reaction was found to be 0.8 109cm3 gas/mol sorbent s. A simple competitive reaction model was constructed to investigate the competition between sodium and cadmium vapor sorption on a dispersed kaolinite substrate. Previous work had demonstrated that the presence of sodium hindered the sorption of cadmium by kaolinite. Results of the competition model suggest that sodium not only competes for available sorbent but also inhibits the sorption of cadmium when both metals are present.
Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19: Findings and Prognostic Implications From 105 Consecutive Patients

Background: The prognostic value of point-of-care lung ultrasound has not been evaluated in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to general medicine ward in the United States. The aim of this study was to describe lung ultrasound findings and their prognostic value in patients with COVID-19 admitted to internal medicine ward. Method: This prospective observational study consecutively enrolled 105 hospitalized participants with COVID-19 at 2 tertiary care centers. Ultrasound was performed in 12 lung zones within 24 hours of admission. Findings were assessed relative to 4 outcomes: intensive care unit (ICU) need, need for intensive respiratory support, length of stay, and death. Results: We detected abnormalities in 92% (97/105) of participants. The common findings were confluent B-lines (92%), non-homogenous pleural lines (78%), and consolidations (54%). Large confluent B-lines, consolidations, bilateral involvement, and any abnormality in ≥ 6 areas were associated with a longer hospitalization and need for intensive respiratory support. Large confluent B-lines and bilateral involvement were also associated with ICU stay. A total lung ultrasound score <5 had a negative predictive value of 100% for the need of intensive respiratory support. A higher total lung ultrasound score was associated with ICU need (median total 18 in the ICU group vs. 11 non-ICU, p = 0.004), a hospitalization ≥ 9d (15 vs 10, p = 0.016) and need for intensive respiratory support (18 vs. 8.5, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Most patients hospitalized with COVID-19 had lung ultrasound abnormalities on admission and a higher lung ultrasound score was associated with worse clinical outcomes except death. A low total lung ultrasound score (<5) had a negative predictive value of 100% for the need of intensive respiratory support. Point-of-care ultrasound can aid in the risk stratification for patients with COVID-19 admitted to general wards.
KIF13A motors are regulated by Rab22A to function as weak dimers inside the cell

KIF13A functions as a weak dimer, critical for recycling endosomal tubulation in vivo. Endocytic recycling is a complex itinerary, critical for many cellular processes. Membrane tubulation is a hallmark of recycling endosomes (REs), mediated by KIF13A, a kinesin-3 family motor. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of KIF13A in RE tubulation and cargo recycling is of fundamental importance but is overlooked. Here, we report a unique mechanism of KIF13A dimerization modulated by Rab22A, a small guanosine triphosphatase, during RE tubulation. A conserved proline between neck coil–coiled-coil (NC-CC1) domains of KIF13A creates steric hindrance, rendering the motors as inactive monomers. Rab22A plays an unusual role by binding to NC-CC1 domains of KIF13A, relieving proline-mediated inhibition and facilitating motor dimerization. As a result, KIF13A motors produce balanced motility and force against multiple dyneins in a molecular tug-of-war to regulate RE tubulation and homeostasis. Together, our findings demonstrate that KIF13A motors are tuned at a single-molecule level to function as weak dimers on the cellular cargo.
Neuromuscular blockade management and postoperative outcomes in enhanced recovery colorectal surgery: secondary analysis of POWER trial.

BACKGROUND We evaluated the impact of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) management, monitoring and reversal on postoperative outcomes in colorectal surgical patients included in an enhanced recovery program. METHODS We performed a predefined analysis in 2084 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery who participated in POWER study. We analyzed them for complications, length of hospital stay and mortality. Two groups were defined: 1) monitoring + reversal of the neuromuscular blockade (M+R) group: all patients receiving neuromuscular blockade monitoring plus reversal of it with any drug (neostigmine or sugammadex) were included; and 2) no monitoring nor reversal (noM+noR) group. In this group all the patients who did not receive monitoring and reversal of the neuromuscular blockade were allocated. RESULTS Multivariate analysis found no statistically significant differences in moderate-severe complications (174 [25.7%] vs. 124 [27.1%]; P=0.607), length of hospital stay (10.8±11.1 vs. 11.0 ±12.6 days; P=0.683) and mortality (6 [0.9%] vs. 5 [1.1%]; P=0.840) between the group receiving optimal neuromuscular management (M+R) and the one did not receive it (noM+noR). Univariate analysis showed patients reversed with neostigmine died more than those reversed with sugammadex (3 [2.7%] vs. 3 [0.5%]; P=0.048). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest optimal neuromuscular blockade management in colorectal surgery is not associated with less moderate-severe complications, length of hospital stay or death during postoperative period in an enhanced recovery program. Neostigmine reversal seems to be linked to higher rate of mortality than sugammadex.
The SC-35 Splicing Factor Interacts with RNA Pol II and A-Type Lamin Depletion Weakens This Interaction

The essential components of splicing are the splicing factors accumulated in nuclear speckles; thus, we studied how DNA damaging agents and A-type lamin depletion affect the properties of these regions, positive on the SC-35 protein. We observed that inhibitor of PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), and more pronouncedly inhibitors of RNA polymerases, caused DNA damage and increased the SC-35 protein level. Interestingly, nuclear blebs, induced by PARP inhibitor and observed in A-type lamin-depleted or senescent cells, were positive on both the SC-35 protein and another component of the spliceosome, SRRM2. In the interphase cell nuclei, SC-35 interacted with the phosphorylated form of RNAP II, which was A-type lamin-dependent. In mitotic cells, especially in telophase, the SC-35 protein formed a well-visible ring in the cytoplasmic fraction and colocalized with β-catenin, associated with the plasma membrane. The antibody against the SRRM2 protein showed that nuclear speckles are already established in the cytoplasm of the late telophase and at the stage of early cytokinesis. In addition, we observed the occurrence of splicing factors in the nuclear blebs and micronuclei, which are also sites of both transcription and splicing. This conclusion supports the fact that splicing proceeds transcriptionally. According to our data, this process is A-type lamin-dependent. Lamin depletion also reduces the interaction between SC-35 and β-catenin in mitotic cells.
Machine learning algorithms to predict seizure due to acute tramadol poisoning

Introduction: This study was designed to develop and evaluate machine learning algorithms for predicting seizure due to acute tramadol poisoning, identifying high-risk patients and facilitating appropriate clinical decision-making. Methods: Several characteristics of acute tramadol poisoning cases were collected in the Emergency Department (ED) (2013–2019). After selecting important variables in random forest method, prediction models were developed using the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes (NB), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms. Area Under the Curve (AUC) and other diagnostic criteria were used to assess performance of models. Results: In 909 patients, 544 (59.8%) experienced seizures. The important predictors of seizure were sex, pulse rate, arterial blood oxygen pressure, blood bicarbonate level and pH. SVM (AUC = 0.68), NB (AUC = 0.71) and ANN (AUC = 0.70) models outperformed k-NN model (AUC = 0.58). NB model had a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value and k-NN model had higher specificity and positive predictive values than other models. Conclusion: A perfect prediction model may help improve clinicians’ decision-making and clinical care at EDs in hospitals and medical settings. SVM, ANN and NB models had no significant differences in the performance and accuracy; however, validated logistic regression (LR) was the superior model for predicting seizure due to acute tramadol poisoning.