Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Fructose, High-Fat Diet Alters Muscle Composition and Fuel Utilization in a Juvenile Iberian Pig Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious metabolic condition affecting millions of people worldwide. A “Western-style diet” has been shown to induce pediatric NAFLD with the potential disruption of skeletal muscle composition and metabolism. To determine the in vivo effect of a “Western-style diet” on pediatric skeletal muscle fiber type and fuel utilization, 28 juvenile Iberian pigs were fed either a control diet (CON) or a high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFF), with or without probiotic supplementation, for 10 weeks. The HFF diets increased the total triacylglycerol content of muscle tissue but decreased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and the number of type I (slow oxidative) muscle fibers. HFF diets induced autophagy as assessed by LC3I and LC3II, and inflammation, as assessed by IL-1α. No differences in body composition were observed, and there was no change in insulin sensitivity, but HFF diets increased several plasma acylcarnitines and decreased expression of lipid oxidation regulators PGC1α and CPT1, suggesting disruption of skeletal muscle metabolism. Our results show that an HFF diet fed to juvenile Iberian pigs produces a less oxidative skeletal muscle phenotype, similar to a detraining effect, and reduces the capacity to use lipid as fuel, even in the absence of insulin resistance and obesity.
Is the visual impairment origin a performance factor? Analysis of international-level para swimmers and para athletes

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of congenital and acquired visual impairments on the international performance of Para swimmers and Para track and field athletes. We collected results from visually impaired Para athletes competing in Para swimming or Para athletic events at all IPC-labelled competitions between 2009 and 2019. The dataset contained 20,689 events results. Impairment origin was collected from the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) website. We separated impairment origin into two groups to distinguish those with a congenital impairment from those with an acquired impairment. In visual impairment sport classes (11–12-13), the performance level and the age performance relationship were investigated according to the impairment origin. In classes 11 and 12, peak performance was achieved earlier by male and female swimmers with a congenital impairment compared with those who had an acquired impairment (p < 0.05). No differences were present in class 13 or in any class in Para athletics (p > 0.05). A similar performance level was observed among the two sport disciplines for each class (p > 0.05). This study demonstrated that impairment origin can influence the performance pathway among visually impaired swimmers.
Evaluation of the Chemical Quality of Milk Powder Sold in Open Markets in Aba, Abia Atate, Nigeria

Background: Cow's milk is frequently recognized as the most nearly perfect nourishment for humans [1]. On the one hand, its tremendous nutritional value could affect human health [2]. Milk, on the other hand, is an ideal microbial culture medium [3] and is easily contaminated [1]. Milk quality and safety are commonly causes of anxiety because milk quality can be compromised during processing, shipping, storage, and marketing [4], particularly in underdeveloped nations with ineffective quality monitoring. Furthermore, uniformed traders expose milk to adverse environmental conditions due to ignorance. Objective: This study investigated some chemical parameters of milk powder sold in Aba market. Materials and Methods: A total of six (6) brands of milk powder, namely: Peak, Three Crown, Loyal, Cow Bell, Jago, and Dano milk, packaged in affordable sachets, were purchased from the new market (Abia Ohuru) in Aba town, Abia State. The samples were emptied from the sachet into sterile plastic containers, coded, sealed and transported to the laboratory immediately for analysis. Proximate, mineral, and vitamin compositions were determined using standard methods. ANOVA was used to separate the means and a significant difference was judged at p<0.05. Results: The obtained values for almost all parameters were not significantly different (p) among the samples examined. However, the obtained values were slightly lower than the values written on the labels. The obtained values and the values on the labels were not significantly different from the CODEX Alimentarius and NFDAC set standards for milk powder, except for vitamin A values for almost all the samples. Conclusion: The quality of milk powder sold in the Aba market can be considered to be good enough for human consumption, although slight quality degradation was found in protein, carbohydrates, fat, and especially in the vitamin A and B content of the samples. Exposure to harsh conditions during storage and retailing processes could be a possible reason. Recommendations: Strict and legal measures should be adopted to ensure that the quality and safety of milk in the open markets is preserved.
The NASA High Speed ASE Project: Computational Analyses of a Low-Boom Supersonic Configuration

A summary of NASA's High Speed Aeroservoelasticity (ASE) project is provided with a focus on a low-boom supersonic configuration developed by Lockheed-Martin and referred to as the N+2 configuration. The summary includes details of the computational models developed to date including a linear finite element model (FEM), linear unsteady aerodynamic models, structured and unstructured CFD grids, and discussion of the FEM development including sizing and structural constraints applied to the N+2 configuration. Linear results obtained to date include linear mode shapes and linear flutter boundaries. In addition to the tasks associated with the N+2 configuration, a summary of the work involving the development of AeroPropulsoServoElasticity (APSE) models is also discussed.
Selfie and Narcissism in Young Adults

Selfie, a commonly observed behaviour, is symbol of virtual identity. Similarly, narcissism as described by grandiose view of oneself, seeking approval and admiration on social media is also frequent. The purpose of this study is exploring selfie taking behaviour and narcissism among young adults. A total 132 subjects were considered for study through an online questionnaire which included demographic variables, selfie taking behaviour and NPI-16 (Narcissistic Personality Inventory -16). The results showed majority of the subjects N = 76 (57.5%) had high narcissism (NPI ≥ 7). Age group 15 to 25 years (p= 0.0200), males, subjects who stayed in city, post graduates or graduate qualification, and married subjects had high narcissism. Using smart phone use more than 5 years (p=0.00942), taking 5 to 10 selfies per day with (p=0.00331), posting selfie for personal memory (p=0.03268), selfie on WhatsApp messenger (p=0.03268) and taking selfie with person alone and selfie taken on specific occasions (p=0.01122), had high narcissism. The conclusion of this study is selfie and narcissism are closely linked among young adults and a matter of psychological wellbeing during personality development.
Comparative Study of Rural Stop-Controlled and Beacon-Controlled Intersections

The characteristics of traffic flow at rural, low-volume intersections controlled by stop signs and by intersection control beacons plus stop signs were examined. The measures of effectiveness included vehicular speeds, stop-sign violations, service delay, gap acceptance, and accidents. In addition, the effects of sight distance, traffic volume, and day and night conditions were also considered. It was found that intersection control beacons generally reduced vehicular speeds in the major directions, particularly at intersections with inadequate sight distance. The intersection control beacons had, in general, little or no effect on accepted or rejected gaps and on service delays. A large proportion of drivers (40 to 90 percent) violated stop-sign laws by not completely stopping at the intersections, which indicates that intersection control beacons were not effective in reducing stop-sign violations. Intersection control beacons did not appear to be effective in reducing accidents.
Soil Pressure Test and Numerical Analysis on Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall of Green Gabion

Based on reinforced earth retaining wall of green gabion which is built at the site of seventh project Shaoxing-Zhuji Expressway, the research for soil pressure in a cross section which locate at the site of K38+398kmare made by field test and numerical analysis. The horizontal and vertical earth pressure are studied in the construction, The pressures between field test and numerical analysis which depend on FLAC3D are rough similar. With increased of height in filling soil, the earth pressures on the wall toe in 3 direction such as horizon , vertical, 45°are increased ,and then gradually come to stability after construction. With increased of height in filling soil, the vertical earth pressures is increased, but the distribution for earth pressure at the same height is non-uniform. The horizontal earth pressure on the back of wall surface increases fast at first then decreases a little, which is a single peak-shaped, it distributes along the wall height in non-linear form, the maximum occurs at 1/3H. The result between field test and numerical model are different, because the flexible wall surface has a great affection on unload.
Stimulus Control Procedure for Reducing Vocal Stereotypies in an Autistic Child

Stereotyped vocal behavior exhibited by a seven-year-old child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and maintained by automatic reinforcement was placed under stimulus control through discrimination training. The training consisted of matching a green card (SD) with free access to vocal stereotypy and a red card (SD-absent) with interruption of stereotypy and vocal redirection. At the same time, appropriate behaviors were reinforced. After discrimination training, the child rarely engaged in vocal stereotypy in the red card condition and, to a greater extent, in the green card condition, demonstrating the ability to discriminate between the two different situations. After the training, the intervention began. Once they reached the latency criterion in the red stimulus condition, the child could have free access to vocal stereotypy (green card condition). The latency criterion for engaging in stereotypy was gradually increased during the red card condition and progressively decreased during the green card condition. The intervention follows a changing criterion design. This study indicates that stimulus discrimination training is a useful intervention to reduce vocal stereotypy in an autistic child.
Geothermal Energy Use, Country Update for United Kingdom

The exploitation of geothermal resources in the UK continues to be minimal. There are no proven high temperature resources and limited development of low and medium enthalpy resources. However, in the reporting period 2007-2013, there has been a significant resurgence of interest in all aspects of geothermal energy in the UK. New geothermal assessments and reports have been produced, and several deep aquifer projects, minewater projects and EGS/HDR projects are at various preliminary stages. In terms of real activity "in the ground" a new deep hole has been drilled in the centre of Newcastle, and ground source heat pump installations have continued, albeit at a lower rate of growth than had been anticipated. "Geothermal" seminars and conferences have been held, and the UK has increasingly participated in EU and international geothermal initiatives. Compared to previous updates, there has been a significant awakening of geothermal interest in Scotland. Over this period there has been increasing recognition both at European and at UK national levels of the importance of delivering secure low carbon sources of heating.
The Effect of Structural Parameters on Response Characteristics of Aeroelastic System in the Presence of Dynamic Stall

The effect of structural paramters on the response and aerodynamic stiffness characteristics of the free aeroelastic system under the influence of dynamic stall is investigated adopting CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method. The equilibrium angle of the spring and the structural stiffness are taken as parameters of interest. Systems with small equilibrium angles enter the symmetric limit-cycle state more quickly after a Hopf bifurcation and experience dynamic stall in both directions, rather than slowly decreasing in minimum angle of attack and remaining in the asymmetric limit-cycle state before dynamic stall in the opposite direction, as is the case with systems with large spring equilibrium angles. Thus, aerodynamic stiffness of system with large equilibrium angles can be more significantly influenced by the change in aerodynamic moment characteristics at the minimum angle of attack. Furthermore, by increasing the initial angular velocity, we find that the system response all becomes symmetric limit cycle and therefore the aerodynamic stiffness appears to have a monotonically increasing characteristic. As to the effect of structural stiffness, it is found that the limit cycle amplitude first increases with structural stiffness after bifurcation, then the amplitude is unchanged with varying structural stiffness at higher Mach number. Energy maps show that the parametric distribution of the energy transfer contributes to this phenomenon. Moreover, when entering the symmetric limit cycle state, the structural stiffness no longer has a significant effect on the aerodynamic stiffness of the system, as the increase in the aerodynamic stiffness is determined solely by the increase in dynamic pressure without the effect of changes in moment characteristics.
Total methane content in the atmosphere of Western Siberia in 2000–2020 according to the data of chemical transport model MOZART-4

The paper considers the behavior of total methane content in the atmosphere of Western Siberia obtained using the global chemical transport model MOZART-4 (Model for OZone And Related chemical Tracers, version 4). We discuss details of the model configuration for simulation of methane content until the end of the XXI century within the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Boundary conditions at the lower levels of the model (methane content in the surface air layer) was obtained using data from the Earth System Research Laboratories (ESRL) project and the results of the Atmospheric Chemistry-Transport Models (ACTM) for 2007–2010. The methane content in the stratosphere was also defining according to the ACTM results. The climate data used in MOZART-4 is based on the results of the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5). The modification of the boundary conditions carried out in the work made it possible to reproduce the summer and winter maximum in the annual course of CH4. These results are confirmed by satellite and aircraft observations made on the territory of Western Siberia. It was found that the total methane content in the atmosphere of the studied region (45–65 N, 60–90 E) in 2000–2020 increased with a trend of about 3.5 ± 0.2 ppb/year. In 2000–2006, there is virtually no trend. The increase of CH4 in 2007–2020 has a trend of ∼ 5.0 ± 0.2 ppb/year. The global data obtained as a result of the simulation can be used as initial and boundary conditions of the chemical version of the regional climate model RegCM-CHEM4.
Membrane composition and organization of Bacillus subtilis 168 and its genome‐reduced derivative miniBacillus PG10

A form of lateral membrane compartmentalization in bacteria is represented by functional membrane microdomains (FMMs). FMMs are important for various cellular processes and offer application possibilities in microbial biotechnology. We designed a lipidomics method to directly measure relative abundances of lipids in detergent‐resistant and detergent‐sensitive membrane fractions of the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168 and the biotechnologically attractive miniBacillus PG10 strain. Our study supports previous work suggesting that cardiolipin and prenol lipids are enriched in FMMs of B. subtilis. Additionally, structural analysis of acyl chains of major phospholipids indicated that FMMs display increased order and thickness compared with the surrounding bilayer. Despite the 36% genome reduction, membrane and FMM integrity are largely preserved in miniBacillus PG10, as supported by analysis of membrane fluidity, flotillin distribution and gene expression data. The novel insights in FMM architecture reported here will contribute to further explore the biological significance of FMMs and the means by which FMMs can be exploited as heterologous production platforms. Moreover, our lipidomics method enables comparative FMM lipid profiling between different bacteria.
29. The Workplace Performance of an N95 Respirator in a Concrete Block Manufacturing Plant

he purpose of this study was to determine workplace performance of a trifold N95 filtering facepiece respirator in a concrete block manufacturing plant. Tasks included bagging cement mix, handling concrete blocks, sweeping and shoveling, and repairing pallets. The protocol for the study was based on the recommendations made by Johnston et al. (1992). Nineteen workers were qualitatively fit-tested following the Bitrex ® protocol specified in 29 CFR 1910.134. Three to four pairs of air samples of inside and outside dust were then collected from each worker each day for four days. Trained observers assisted in the study to ensure sample validity. The dust had a mass median aerodynamic diameter ranging from 4.1 to 4.7 µm and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) ranging from 3.5 to 3.7. Samples were analyzed by x-ray emission spectroscopy. Silicon and calcium predominated in all samples; the mass of these two elements was combined and used to calculate a workplace protection factor (WPF) for each set of samples. The geometric mean WPF was 233 with a fifth percentile of 24, which exceeds the assigned protection factor (APF) of 10 generally given to this class of respirators.
Does Cup-Grip Type Affect Tremor among People with Essential Tremor?

Essential tremor (ET) is a movement disorder that may cause functional disability in daily activities, such as drinking from a cup or drawing. This study aims to characterize effects of varied cup-grip types and measured axes on the actual performance of people with ET and find correlations between cup-grip type and measured axes, and spiral drawing measures. Participants (20 with ET and 18 controls) held a cup of water in a steady position in three grip types and drew a spiral. The cup acceleration was measured by the cup triaxial accelerometer, analyzed in X, Y and Z axes (directions); deviation of the measured acceleration from the desired steady position acceleration was computed. Significant group differences were found for outcome measures in all grip types. Among participants with ET, significantly higher measured values were found in the cup’s horizontal plane (X and Y axes) compared to the vertical direction (Z axis) and for on-the-handle versus around-the-cup grips in the X and Y axes. Significant correlations were found between this grip’s measures and spiral-drawing actual performance measures, indicating the measurement axis and grip type may affect actual performance. These findings may support the future development of assistive devices for tremor suppression and personalized supportive therapy.
Voltage stability analysis considering dynamic load model

The modeling of loads has a significant effect on the accuracy of voltage stability analysis. This paper investigates the dynamic nature of voltage instability considering the dynamic load model. It develops the system small-signal voltage stability models adopting exponential recovery load models and adaptive load models. Moreover it investigates the influence of the parameters related to the load models and of the consequent change of the operating points on the voltage stability. The differences and similarities of the two specific models are also pointed out.
Universal Adversarial Patch Attack for Automatic Checkout Using Perceptual and Attentional Bias

Adversarial examples are inputs with imperceptible perturbations that easily mislead deep neural networks (DNNs). Recently, adversarial patch, with noise confined to a small and localized patch, has emerged for its easy feasibility in real-world scenarios. However, existing strategies failed to generate adversarial patches with strong generalization ability due to the ignorance of the inherent biases of models. In other words, the adversarial patches are always input-specific and fail to attack images from all classes or different models, especially unseen classes and black-box models. To address the problem, this paper proposes a bias-based framework to generate universal adversarial patches with strong generalization ability, which exploits the perceptual bias and attentional bias to improve the attacking ability. Regarding the perceptual bias, since DNNs are strongly biased towards textures, we exploit the hard examples which convey strong model uncertainties and extract a textural patch prior from them by adopting the style similarities. The patch prior is closer to decision boundaries and would promote attacks across classes. As for the attentional bias, motivated by the fact that different models share similar attention patterns towards the same image, we exploit this bias by confusing the model-shared similar attention patterns. Thus, the generated adversarial patches can obtain stronger transferability among different models. Taking Automatic Check-out (ACO) as the typical scenario, extensive experiments including white-box/black-box settings in both digital-world (RPC, the largest ACO related dataset) and physical-world scenario (Taobao and JD, the world’s largest online shopping platforms) are conducted. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art adversarial patch attack methods.
How Aerodynamic Roughness Elements Control Sand Movement

S OIL erosion and other exchange processes involving heat and mass transfer are determined by wind distribution in and above roughness elements at the surface. Various structures of mean velocity and turbulence will occur, depending on the characteristics of the roughness elements. Even if a surface has only one type of roughness element, the flow will depend not only on form and height, but also on the number of roughness elements per unit area and the manner in which they are distributed. A knowledge of the effect of roughness on the flow field may suggest the best spacing of crops for erosion control. Chepil and Woodruff (1963) defined a critical surface-barrier ratio (CSBR) as the distance between nonerodible surface barriers, L x , divided by the height of the barrier, H, that will prevent wind from moving the erodible particles. Earlier, Chepil (1950) called the reciprocal of this ratio a critical surface-roughness constant. On cultivated soil, Lx /H has a value of 4 to 20, depending on the friction velocity of the wind and on the threshold friction velocity of the erodible soil particles (Chepil 1958). However, the ratio reportedly remains constant for any proportion and size of nonerodible fractions present in the soil. Here we report on the effects of various arrays of cylinders and spheres in controlling sand movement in a windtunnel boundary layer.