Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Essential Macro-Minerals, Crude Protein and Total Antioxidant Activity of Powdered Ginger and Turmeric at Varied Drying Methods

Drying is widely usedd and one of the most effective methods for food preservation. This study reports the macro-mineral, crude protein, and antioxidant activity of locally produced powdered ginger and turmeric using the air-, oven- and sun drying methods. Kjeldahl method, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and phosphomolybdenum method were used to determine the crude protein, macrominerals (K, Ca, and Mg), and total antioxidant activity (TAA), respectively. Highest TAA was observed in sun-dried turmeric (7.82 ± 4.97mg AAE/g dried sample) while the lowest TAA was observed in sun-dried ginger powder (2.14 ± 0.31 mg AAE/mg dried sample). The measured crude protein of turmeric ranged from 8.34 ± 0.93 - 8.54 ± 0.14% while 6.25 ± 0.42 - 7.41 ± 1.05% for ginger. Essential macro-minerals in turmeric and ginger at varied drying methods ranged from 0.07 to 2.21 % for K, 0.04 to 0.12 % for% for Mg, and 0.79 to 1.15 % for Ca. ANOVA revealed that the effects of drying methods were only significantly affected to Mg for turmeric and K and TAA for ginger. Crude protein and Ca content were not significantly affected by the drying methods in both turmeric and ginger powder. Others were not significantly different. Results of this study provide significant insights that prepared turmeric and ginger powder are good sources of crude protein, macro-minerals (Ca, Mg, K), and possess antioxidant properties. All drying methods studied are efficient in retaining the crude protein and calcium content of the ginger and turmeric powder, and the TAA of the turmeric powder.
UNUSUAL PAH EMISSION IN NEARBY EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES: A SIGNATURE OF AN INTERMEDIATE-AGE STELLAR POPULATION?

We present the analysis of Spitzer–IRS spectra of four early-type galaxies (ETGs), NGC 1297, NGC 5044, NGC 6868, and NGC 7079, all classified as LINERs in the optical bands. Their IRS spectra present the full series of H2 rotational emission lines in the range 5–38 μm, atomic lines, and prominent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features. We investigate the nature and origin of the PAH emission, characterized by unusually low 6–9/11.3 μm interband ratios. After the subtraction of a passive ETG template, we find that the 7–9 μm spectral region requires dust features not normally present in star-forming galaxies. Each spectrum is then analyzed with the aim of identifying their components and origin. In contrast to normal star-forming galaxies, where cationic PAH emission prevails, our 6–14 μm spectra seem to be dominated by large and neutral PAH emission, responsible for the low 6–9/11.3 μm ratios, plus two broad dust emission features peaking at 8.2 μm and 12 μm. These broad components, observed until now mainly in evolved carbon stars and usually attributed to pristine material, contribute approximately 30%–50% of the total PAH flux in the 6–14 μm region. We propose that the PAH molecules in our ETGs arise from fresh carbonaceous material that is continuously released by a population of carbon stars, formed in a rejuvenation episode that occurred within the last few Gyr. The analysis of the MIR spectra allows us to infer that, in order to maintain the peculiar size and charge distributions biased to large and neutral PAHs, this material must be shocked and excited by the weak UV interstellar radiation field of our ETGs.
Pregnancy and COVID-19

Evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Modifications in the circulatory, pulmonary, hormonal, and immunological pathways induced by pregnancy render pregnant women as a high-risk group. A growing body of research shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is connected to a number of maternal complications, including pneumonia and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. Miscarriages, stillbirth, preterm labor, as well as pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are also among the most often documented fetal implications, particularly among expecting women who have significant COVID-19 symptoms, often affecting the timing and route of delivery. Thus, prevention of infection and pharmacological treatment options should aim to minimize the aforementioned risks and ameliorate maternal, obstetric and fetal/neonatal outcomes.
MODELING THE Fe K LINE PROFILES IN TYPE I ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI WITH A COMPTON-THICK DISK WIND

We have modeled a small sample of Seyfert galaxies that were previously identified as having simple X-ray spectra with little intrinsic absorption. The sources in this sample all contain moderately broad components of Fe K-shell emission and are ideal candidates for testing the applicability of a Compton-thick accretion disk wind model to active galactic nucleus (AGN) emission components. Viewing angles through the wind allow the observer to see the absorption signature of the gas, whereas face-on viewing angles allow the observer to see the scattered light from the wind. We find that the Fe K emission line profiles are well described with a model of a Compton-thick accretion disk wind of solar abundances, arising tens to hundreds of gravitational radii from the central black hole. Further, the fits require a neutral component of Fe Kα emission that is too narrow to arise from the inner part of the wind, and likely comes from a more distant reprocessing region. Our study demonstrates that a Compton-thick wind can have a profound effect on the observed X-ray spectrum of an AGN, even when the system is not viewed through the flow.
Phosphogypsum Stack Reclamation Using Soil Amendments and Short-Rotational Woody Species

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of phosphorus fertilizer production that is stored in large piles (stacks). Typically, PG stack reclamation focuses on topsoil caps vegetated with grass which has limited economic return. Therefore, a study was conducted using the short-rotational tree species (Picea glauca, Populus balsamifera) to determine their potential in PG stack reclamation. Five soil amendments (compost, compost with mycorrhizal fungi, manure pellets, black earth, mycorrhizal fungi) with a control (no amendment on PG) were used in a field experiment to determine whether they would enhance the growth of the planted species. After two years, amendments had little effect on the height, diameter or biomass of either species. P. balsamifera on PG (control) was significantly healthier than in amended soils. The healthiest and most successful trees for both species were found in the control treatment. Organic amendments (compost, manure) had significantly higher nitrate and phosphorus than most of the other treatments. Black earth and mycorrhizal fungi did not affect any soil properties relative to the control. This study suggests short-rotational forestry plantations of Populus balsamifera appear to be meeting reclamation objectives for PG stacks, similar to traditional grass covers; however, the built soil profile could limit tree success in future.
THE ACS LCID PROJECT. IX. IMPRINTS OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE IN THE RADIAL VARIATION OF THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY OF DWARF GALAXIES

Based on Hubble Space Telescope observations from the Local Cosmology from Isolated Dwarfs project, we present the star formation histories, as a function of galactocentric radius, of four isolated Local Group dwarf galaxies: two dSph galaxies, Cetus and Tucana, and two transition galaxies (dTrs), LGS-3 and Phoenix. The oldest stellar populations of the dSphs and dTrs are, within the uncertainties, coeval (∼13 Gyr) at all galactocentric radii. We find that there are no significative differences between the four galaxies in the fundamental properties (such as the normalized star formation rate or age–metallicity relation) of their outer regions (radii greater than four exponential scale lengths); at large radii, these galaxies consist exclusively of old (≳ 10.5 Gyr) metal-poor stars. The duration of star formation in the inner regions varies from galaxy to galaxy, and the extended central star formation in the dTrs produces the dichotomy between dSph and dTr galaxy types. The dTr galaxies show prominent radial stellar population gradients: The centers of these galaxies host young (≲ 1 Gyr) populations, while the age of the last formation event increases smoothly with increasing radius. This contrasts with the two dSph galaxies. Tucana shows a similar, but milder, gradient, but no gradient in age is detected Cetus. For the three galaxies with significant stellar population gradients, the exponential scale length decreases with time. These results are in agreement with outside-in scenarios of dwarf galaxy evolution, in which a quenching of the star formation toward the center occurs as the galaxy runs out of gas in the outskirts.
Evaluation of the Olfactory Quality of Roasted Coffee Beans Using a Digital Nose

The roasting process is one of the critical points to obtain a product of the highest quality with certain sensorial properties including the aroma of coffee. Samples of coffee beans were roasted at different thermal treatment intensities with the aim of obtaining aromatic compounds detected with an electronic device. Sensory analysis, volatile compound profiling, and electronic nose analysis were carried out. Through principal component analysis (95.8% of the total variance of the data was explained by PC1 and PC2) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (the sum of the diagonal elements gave a hit rate of 94%), it could be demonstrated that the E-nose is able to discriminate roasted coffee beans subjected to different thermal treatments. Aromatic profiling was carried out by a testing panel and volatile compounds (VOCs) for the discrimination of roasted coffee samples. Alcohols, aromatics, esters, ketones and furanone were found in higher proportions in samples at the lowest thermal treatment. The VOCs with positive attributes were 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenylamino-propenone, carboxylic acids, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, and 2-phenylethyl alcohol, while the compounds with negative ones were 2-methyl-furan, 2,5-dimethyl-pyridine, 2-methyl-butanal, and 2-furfurylthiol. The PLS model allows for the quantification of the positive and negative aromas (RCV2 = 0.92) of roasted coffee by using the E-nose. Therefore, the E-nose, that is, an inexpensive and nondestructive instrument, could be a chemometric tool able to discriminate between different qualities of coffee during processing.
A vacuum component of the Universe must evolve

The evolution of a vacuum component of the Universe is investigated in the quantum as well as the classical regimes. Probably our Universe has arisen as a vacuum fluctuation and very probably that it has had a high symmetry for Planckian parameters. Besides, vacuum energy density has to be a positive one. In the early epochs during its cooling the Universe had been losing the high symmetry by phase transitions since condensates of quantum fields carried negative contributions (78 orders) to its positive energy density. It was the period of the Universe evolution during the first parts of the first second of its life. After the last phase transition (quark-hadron) the vacuum energy `has hardened'. In this moment its energy density can be calculated using the Zeldovich's formula inserting an average value of the pseudo-Goldstone boson masses (pi-mesons) that characterizes this chromodynamical vacuum. The chiral symmetry was then lost. Dynamics of the equilibrium vacuum after its `hardness' is considered by applying the holographic conception. In this case the Universe has been losing vacuum energy (45 orders) on organization of new quantum states during 13.76 x 10^9 years. Using this conception we can get solution of the cosmological constant problem. 123 crisis orders problem may be resolved. The density of vacuum energy cannot have a constant value in principle because of the new quantum states are organized during expansion of the Universe but the equation of state vacuum w= - 1 should be naturally constant. The density of vacuum energy from z=0 up to z=10^11 is also calculated in the classical regime of the Universe evolution.
AN X-RAY-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTER IN THE LOCKMAN HOLE AT REDSHIFT 1.753

We have discovered an X-ray-selected galaxy cluster with a spectroscopic redshift of 1.753. The redshift is of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), which is coincident with the peak of the X-ray surface brightness. We also have concordant photometric redshifts for seven additional candidate cluster members. The X-ray luminosity of the cluster is (3.68 ± 0.70) × 1043 erg s−1 in the 0.1–2.4 keV band. The optical/IR properties of the BCG imply that its formation redshift was ∼5 if its stars formed in a short burst. This result continues the trend from lower redshift in which the observed properties of BCGs are most simply explained by a single monolithic collapse at very high redshift instead of the theoretically preferred gradual hierarchical assembly at later times. However, the models corresponding to different formation redshifts are more clearly separated as our observation epoch approaches the galaxy formation epoch. Although our infrared photometry is not deep enough to define a red sequence, we do identify a few galaxies at the cluster redshift that have the expected red sequence photometric properties.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERGALACTIC H i/O vi AND NEARBY (z < 0.017) GALAXIES

We analyze intergalactic H i and O vi absorbers with v < 5000 km s−1 in Hubble Space Telescope and Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer spectra of 76 active galactic nuclei. The baryons traced by H i/O vi absorption are clearly associated with the extended surroundings of galaxies; for impact parameters <400 kpc they are 2–4 times more numerous as those inside the galaxies. This large reservoir of matter likely plays a major role in galaxy evolution. We tabulate the fraction of absorbers having a galaxy of a given luminosity within a given impact parameter (ρ) and velocity difference (Δv), as well as the fraction of galaxies with an absorber closer than a given ρ and Δv. We identify possible “void absorbers” (ρ > 3 Mpc to the nearest L* galaxy), although at v < 2500 km s−1 all absorbers are within 1.5 Mpc of an L>0.1 L* galaxy. The absorber properties depend on ρ, but the relations are not simple correlations. For four absorbers with ρ = 50–350 kpc from an edge-on galaxy with known orientation of its rotation, we find no clear relation between absorber velocities and the rotation curve of the underlying galaxy. For ρ < 350 kpc, the covering factor of Lyα (O vi) around L>0.1 L* galaxies is 100% (70%) for field galaxies and 65% (10%) for group galaxies; 50% of galaxy groups have associated Lyα. All O vi absorbers occur within 550 kpc of an L>0.25 L* galaxy. The properties of three of 14 O vi absorbers are consistent with photoionization, for five the evidence points to collisional ionization; the others are ambiguous. The fraction of broad Lyα lines increases from z = 3 to z = 0 and with decreasing impact parameter, consistent with the idea that gas inside ∼500 kpc from galaxies is heating up, although alternative explanations cannot be clearly excluded.
THE EFFICIENCY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC RECOVERY PROGRAM IN WITHSTANDING THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study aims to assess the efficiency of the National Economic Recovery (PEN) program budget launched by the government to reduce the impact of the pandemic on public welfare in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Efficiency measurements computed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) show that only 12 provinces are efficient at holding the increase in poverty and unemployment by implementing the PEN budget. West Papua Province is efficient despite its unemployment and poverty levels being higher than the national average. West Java Province is likely inefficient and can potentially reduce the unemployment rate with the PEN budget implementation if it is efficient. Maluku Province has the potential to further reduce its poverty with the PEN budget if it is efficient. Not all provinces with low unemployment and poverty rates efficiently implement the PEN budget and vice versa. This study evaluates the regional government's performance from an efficiency point of view. The efficient provinces discovered from the research can become a benchmark for other provinces to maximize the decline in welfare indicators by using the available budget.
Gemini GMOS and WHT SAURON integral-field spectrograph observations of the AGN-driven outflow in NGC 1266

We use the Spectrographic Areal Unit for Research on Optical Nebulae and Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph integral-field spectrographs to observe the active galactic nucleus (AGN) powered outflow in NGC? 1266. This unusual galaxy is relatively nearby (D = 30? Mpc), allowing us to investigate the process of AGN feedback in action. We present maps of the kinematics and line strengths of the ionized gas emission lines Ha, H beta, [O? iii], [O? i], [N? ii] and [S? ii], and report on the detection of sodium D absorption. We use these tracers to explore the structure of the source, derive the ionized and atomic gas kinematics, and investigate the gas excitation and physical conditions. NGC? 1266 contains two ionized gas components along most lines of sight, tracing the ongoing outflow and a component closer to the galaxy systemic, the origin of which is unclear. This gas appears to be disturbed by a nascent AGN jet. We confirm that the outflow in NGC? 1266 is truly multiphase, containing radio plasma, atomic, molecular and ionized gas and X-ray emitting plasma. The outflow has velocities of up to +/- 900 km s-1 away from the systemic velocity and is very likely to remove significant amount of cold gas from the galaxy. The low-ionization nuclear emission region-like line emission in NGC? 1266 is extended, and it likely arises from fast shocks caused by the interaction of the radio jet with the interstellar medium. These shocks have velocities of up to 800 km s-1, which match well with the observed velocity of the outflow. Sodium D equivalent width profiles are used to set constraints on the size and orientation of the outflow. The ionized gas morphology correlates with the nascent radio jets observed in 1.4 and 5 GHz continuum emission, supporting the suggestion that an AGN jet is providing the energy required to drive the outflow.
Quantum black holes in loop quantum gravity

We study the quantization of spherically symmetric vacuum spacetimes within loop quantum gravity. In particular, we give additional details about our previous work in which we showed that one could complete the quantization of the model and that the singularity inside black holes is resolved. Moreover, we consider an alternative quantization based on a slightly different kinematical Hilbert space. The ambiguity in kinematical spaces stems from how one treats the periodicity of one of the classical variables in these models. The corresponding physical Hilbert spaces solve the diffeomorphism and Hamiltonian constraint but their intrinsic structure is radically different depending on the kinematical Hilbert space one started from. In both cases there are quantum observables that do not have a classical counterpart. However, one can show that at the end of the day, by examining Dirac observables, both quantizations lead to the same physical predictions.
SOLAR MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION FROM DOPPLER SHIFTS OF THE Fe i LINE AT 5250 Å AS MEASURED BY THE 150-FOOT SOLAR TOWER TELESCOPE AT THE MT. WILSON OBSERVATORY

Doppler shifts of the Fe i spectral line at 5250 Å from the full solar disk obtained over the period 1986 to 2009 are analyzed to determine the circulation velocity of the solar surface along meridional planes. Simultaneous measurements of the Zeeman splitting of this line are used to obtain measurements of the solar magnetic field that are used to select low field points and impose corrections for the magnetically induced Doppler shift. The data utilized is from a new reduction that preserves the full spatial resolution of the original observations so that the circulation flow can be followed to latitudes of 80° N/S. The deduced meridional flow is shown to differ from the circulation velocities derived from magnetic pattern movements. A reversed circulation pattern is seen in polar regions for three successive solar minima. A surge in circulation velocity at low latitudes is seen during the rising phases of cycles 22 and 23.
The impact of coupled dark energy cosmologies on the high-redshift intergalactic medium

We present an analysis of high-resolution hydrodynamical N-body simulations of coupled dark energy cosmologies which focuses on the statistical properties of the transmitted Lyman α flux in the high-redshift intergalactic medium (IGM). In these models the growth of the diffuse cosmic web differs from the standardCDM case: the density distribution is skewed towards underdense regions and the matter power spectra are typically larger (in a scale- dependent way). These differences are also appreciable in the Lyman α flux and are larger than 5 per cent (10 per cent) at z = 2-4 in the flux probability distribution function (pdf) for high-transmissivity regions and for values of the coupling parameter β = 0.08 (β = 0.2). The flux power spectrum is also affected at the ∼2 per cent (∼5-10 per cent) level for β = 0.08 (β = 0.2) in a redshift-dependent way. We infer the behaviour of flux pdf and flux power for a reasonable range of couplings and present constraints using present high- and low-resolution data sets. We find an upper limit β 0.15 (at 2σ confidence level), which is obtained using only IGM data and is competitive with those inferred from other large-scale structure probes.
Measuring the impact of practicum schedule and mental workload on stress levels in hybrid learning: A case study in Physics practicum

The Physics Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Ageng Tirtayasa, has implemented hybrid learning-based learning after the Covid-19 pandemic abated. Students admitted to online practicum the previous semester said they felt depressed and overthinking while participating in the physics practicum. The assignments and report must be handwritten after they watch a video explanation of the experimental procedure. The internet network condition is also an obstacle for online practicum. Based on these problems, examining the impact of hybrid learning-based learning in shift practicum and mental workload on stress levels was necessary. This study aims to identify the mental workload experienced by online and offline participants in the Physics Laboratory practicum. The advantage of this study is to review two practicum methods, online and offline practicum. The research instruments used to measure the mental workload and stress level experienced by students are NASA-TLX and DASS-21, respectively. The results showed a simultaneous influence between shift practicum and mental workload on stress levels. The mental workload on the stress level of online and offline practice is significantly different. However, the shift of practicum to the stress level of online and offline practice is similar — the mental workload of online and offline practice in the dominant medium and heavy categories. Heavy and normal categories dominate stress levels. The dominant mental workload factors are effort, frustration, and physical demand.
Connection Problem for the Sine-Gordon/Painlevé III Tau Function and Irregular Conformal Blocks

The short-distance expansion of the tau function of the radial sine-Gordon/Painlev\'e III equation is given by a convergent series which involves irregular $c=1$ conformal blocks and possesses certain periodicity properties with respect to monodromy data. The long-distance irregular expansion exhibits a similar periodicity with respect to a different pair of coordinates on the monodromy manifold. This observation is used to conjecture an exact expression for the connection constant providing relative normalization of the two series. Up to an elementary prefactor, it is given by the generating function of the canonical transformation between the two sets of coordinates.