Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced Voice Analysis of Pilots to Detect Fatigue and Sleep Inertia

During long flights, pilots can nap in the cockpit. On daily short-haul rotations, pilots may be tired. Their speech was analyzed in two experiments corresponding to these flight situations: firstly after being woken up in a laboratory sleep inertia experiment, secondly at different airplane stopovers. Measurements of vowel acoustic parameters covered the time and spectral domains as well as the phase space. In addition to classical features and to the maximal Lyapunov exponent drawn from the chaos theory, an additional parameter was introduced: the Digital Amplitude Length (DAL). The results show that a large number of acoustic characteristics are modified in the sleep inertia experiment. Only a few of them are modified in the case of fatigue and drowsiness induced in the consecutive daily short flights. The airplane's Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) was used for the second experiment and a comparative vowel analysis was performed against a recording on the ground in laboratory conditions.
Approaches for curbing corruption in emerging economies

International trends suggest that corruption is prevalent in every country (Enste & Heldman, 2017). For instance, Sohail, Arslan and Zaman (2014) contended that corruption is increasingly having negative implications for governments and organisations worldwide. Therefore, this study explores the approaches for curbing corruption in emerging economies. An exploratory research design was conducted. The qualitative research method was adopted to investigate the subject matter. Interviews were conducted among 12 participants in the selected municipalities located in KwaZulu-Natal. Data quality was determined through trustworthiness. The data was analysed using NVivo, version 12.0. Thematic analysis was conducted to observe, organise, describe, and report the patterns obtained from the data set. The overall findings identified key approaches to curbing corruption in the KwaZulu-Natal municipalities, including resource availability, anti-corruption agencies, community involvement and participation, legal frameworks, non-political interference, and accountability. The study provides adequate explanations of the approaches to curbing corruption in emerging economies. The study will help South African public organisations to detect different forms of corruption and take appropriate measures to mitigate them. The study will help accountability, transparency, and good governance in the South African public sector
Trends and opportunities of using local sustainable building materials in the Middle East and North Africa region

In recent decades, most of construction activities have been taking place in developing countries such as the Middle East and North Africa region. The expansion in infrastructure has great impact in the technological, social, economic and environmental transformation of this region. Construction sector contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) varies throughout the region and ranges between 2-10%. Currently, sustainable construction requires integrated and comprehensive sustainable design including careful choice of materials and methods. Materials that are locally available and require less energy to produce and transport would pave the way to more sustainable practices. Many countries in the region have realised the benefits of using local building materials on the economy, society and environment. This paper outlines the key trends and opportunities of using sustainable and affordable local building materials in the region to respond to the global climate change crisis and to promote more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. The current practice of using various building materials such as bio-based materials, treated municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA), construction and demolition waste, gypsum-containing by-products (phosphorgypsum, FGD gypsum, borogypsum and others) and rammed earth will be reviewed. It is concluded that the use of these local building materials in construction activities would foster the development of the society. However, some of these materials are already developed and reached the implementation stage while most of them are still at R&D stage. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive local and regional strategies to enhance the utilization of these materials.
The necklace process

Start with a necklace consisting of one white bead and one black bead, and add new beads one at a time by inserting each new bead between a randomly chosen adjacent pair of old beads, with the proviso that the new bead will be white if and only if both beads of the adjacent pair are black. Let W n denote the number of white beads when the total number of beads is n. We show that E W n = n/3 and, with c 2 = 2/45, that (W n -n/3)/c√n is asymptotically standard normal. We find that, for all r ≥ 1 and n > 2r, the rth cumulant of the distribution of W n is of the form nh r . We find the expected numbers of gaps of given length between white beads, and examine the asymptotics of the longest gaps.
Investigating Cardiorespiratory Interaction Using Ballistocardiography and Seismocardiography—A Narrative Review

Ballistocardiography (BCG) and seismocardiography (SCG) are non-invasive techniques used to record the micromovements induced by cardiovascular activity at the body’s center of mass and on the chest, respectively. Since their inception, their potential for evaluating cardiovascular health has been studied. However, both BCG and SCG are impacted by respiration, leading to a periodic modulation of these signals. As a result, data processing algorithms have been developed to exclude the respiratory signals, or recording protocols have been designed to limit the respiratory bias. Reviewing the present status of the literature reveals an increasing interest in applying these techniques to extract respiratory information, as well as cardiac information. The possibility of simultaneous monitoring of respiratory and cardiovascular signals via BCG or SCG enables the monitoring of vital signs during activities that require considerable mental concentration, in extreme environments, or during sleep, where data acquisition must occur without introducing recording bias due to irritating monitoring equipment. This work aims to provide a theoretical and practical overview of cardiopulmonary interaction based on BCG and SCG signals. It covers the recent improvements in extracting respiratory signals, computing markers of the cardiorespiratory interaction with practical applications, and investigating sleep breathing disorders, as well as a comparison of different sensors used for these applications. According to the results of this review, recent studies have mainly concentrated on a few domains, especially sleep studies and heart rate variability computation. Even in those instances, the study population is not always large or diversified. Furthermore, BCG and SCG are prone to movement artifacts and are relatively subject dependent. However, the growing tendency toward artificial intelligence may help achieve a more accurate and efficient diagnosis. These encouraging results bring hope that, in the near future, such compact, lightweight BCG and SCG devices will offer a good proxy for the gold standard methods for assessing cardiorespiratory function, with the added benefit of being able to perform measurements in real-world situations, outside of the clinic, and thus decrease costs and time.
Small pixel pitch solutions for active and passive imaging

There is a growing interest at reducing the size, weight, power and cost of military systems which often have to contain a large number of thermal and visible electro-optic functions in one camera. In the meantime, Active systems, using a near-infrared pulse laser and a fast, gated detector, are now commonly regarded as potential candidates for application requiring performances beyond ranges usually achieved with thermal imaging. This paper describes three recent developments using DEFIR (Sofradir and CEA-LETI's joint laboratory) MCT e-APD technology that addresses these needs. The first is a 15μm pixel pitch detector that can be switched to operate as a passive thermal imager, a laser-gated imager or a solar flux imager. A second development concerns an ultra-sensitive dual 2D/3D detector providing range information in a dynamic environment. Finally, an ultra high speed solution with a very low floor noise has been set up for applications with fast moving targets or Astronomy instrumentation. MCT e-APD solutions with small pixel pitch open a wide range of potential applications and contribute to bringing new generation EO sensor capability in a compact and lightweight payload configuration with extended performances. Perspectives and ongoing developments are discussed.
The Relationship between Selfie and Happiness among Male and Female Nursing Students

Selfies have become an addiction among college students, who spend a lot of time and money uploading and sharing them on social media.The aim is to investigate the relationship between selfie and happiness among male and female nursing students. Adescriptive, correlational and cross sectional design was utilized in this study. A convenience sample of 480 nursing students was utilized in this study. Three tools were used; a personal data sheet, the Selfitis Behavior Scale, and the Oxford Happiness questionnaire.The Findings revealed that, 60.5% of nursing students were female, and 67.4% of the studied sample had a moderate level of selfie-taking behavior.Moreover, our findings demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between overall selfietaking activity and level of happiness scale. the research findings conclude that, the prevalence of selfie-taking behavior is moderate level among nursing students, in today's electronic age, photo sharing and selfie behavior are among the most essential activities people enjoy, particularly students. Design psychoeducational programs for university students to enhance adolescents' selfidentity and increase awareness about selfie practice and its negative consequences are recommended .
Community-Based Participatory Research: Partnering with College Students to Develop a Tailored, Wellness-Focused Intervention for University Campuses

College students face unique challenges with leading healthful lifestyles. Using a community-based participatory research approach, college student research partners at two land-grant universities collected data and developed a tailored intervention to improve the well-being of college students. To inform the design of the program, college students were trained to conduct a needs assessment that included a campus-wide survey on the health behaviors of college students, environmental audits of health policies and food pantries on campus, and stakeholder interviews with campus health professionals. Outcomes of the needs assessment data highlighted university students ranked their health as “good” but nutrition health as “fair/poor. ” Low or very low food security was self-reported by 36.9% of participants and had an overall diet quality score of 47.6 ± 10.1 out of 100. Health professional interview data indicated campuses provide healthful resources to students, but students are not aware those resources exist. Utilizing the needs assessment data previously mentioned, the nominal group technique was then used for student research partners to collaboratively determine the best intervention approaches and develop a wellness program. Student partners identified (1) education, (2) sharing of campus resources, and (3) incentives as important areas of intervention. Using the data collected, the student research partners developed a program titled, The College Cooking Connection, to address health-related quality of life in college students. Using a community-based participatory research approach to program planning, educators and researchers have a greater likelihood of addressing the current needs of the population they are targeting and developing a successful intervention to meet those health concerns. This study aims to partner with young adult university students to understand the college environment and allow the target community to be involved with the development of intervention programs for their campus.
Low Turn-On Voltage and High Breakdown Voltage β-Ga2O3 Diode With Fin Channel and Ohmic Contact Anode

In this work, a low turn-on voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and high breakdown voltage (BV) beta-phase gallium oxide (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3) diode with a Fin channel combined with an ohmic contact anode and composite field-plate (FOCF) is proposed. Its electrical characteristics are investigated by Sentaurus TCAD simulation. The novel FOCF diode has two features: one is a Fin channel combined with ohmic contact anode (FO) to achieve metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS)-like forward/reverse characteristics and thus realize a very low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; the other is composite field-plate (CF) to improve BV, consisting of Al2O3 and SiN<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{X}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dual-dielectric layers to form step-shaped field plate. When the forward voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {F}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is 0 V, the Fin channel is pinched off due to the work function difference between the anode metal and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3; thus, the pinch-off effect allows the ohmic contact anode to take place of Schottky contact anode to significantly reduce <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. As <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {F}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increases, the electron accumulation layers can be formed along the Fin sidewalls to improve current capability and reduce ON-resistance. Moreover, the pinch-off effect suppresses reverse leakage current and CF modulates the electric field distribution, both of which improve BV. The proposed FOCF <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 diode achieves low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}} =0.45$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V, high BV <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$=$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2204 V, and Baliga’s figure of merit (BFOM) up to 1.47 GW/cm2. Therefore, the proposed structure provides a new design concept and enhances the application potential for high-power and low-loss <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 diodes.
Geometric Control on Seismic Rupture and Earthquake Sequence Along the Yingxiu‐Beichuan Fault With Implications for the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

The 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake is the most disastrous seismic event in China since 1976. Both field and seismological investigations suggest a multi‐stage coseismic rupture with most damage associated with the Yingxiu‐Beichuan Fault (YBF) of spatially variable fault strike and dip angles. To investigate the effect of fault geometric complexity on coseismic rupture and paleoseismic pattern on the YBF, we perform earthquake sequence modeling on 3D fault geometry in the framework of rate‐and‐state friction law. Our model produces a long‐term earthquake sequence with quasi‐regular recurrences of whole‐fault ruptures and segmented ruptures. The along‐strike rupture segmentation, earthquake propagation speed, and slip rate are mainly controlled by along‐strike variations of fault dip and strike angles. Particularly, the YBF can be divided into two segments: the southern segment featured by large events (Mw > 8.0) and the northern segment with smaller events (Mw < 7.5), with recurrence intervals primarily determined by the tectonic loading rate. In a whole‐rupture event, the rupture speed mainly correlates with the fault dip angle; a smaller dip angle results in a wider seismogenic zone and higher rupture speeds, whereas the small‐scale variation in rupture speed is regulated by the fault strike angle. The effect of strike variation on the total coseismic slip amount is more pronounced due to the large strike angle gradient along the YBF. After varying the slip vector to reflect the northward transition from the dominant thrust‐slip to strike‐slip faulting during the Wenchuan coseismic rupture, we obtain reasonably good agreement of model simulated coseismic surface displacements with GPS observations.
Standard Errors of Item Response Theory Equating/Linking by Response Function Methods

Asymptotic standard errors (SEs) of item response theory equating coefficient estimates are derived using response functions or their transformations. SEs are obtained by the method for the two- and three-parameter logistic models when the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix of the item parameter estimates is given. Two variations of the item and test response function methods and SEs of their parameter estimates are presented that use logit transformations of the item response functions. Numerical examples are given that show that the SEs of the item and test response function methods are smaller than those of other methods, particularly for the three-parameter model.
Interacting scales and energy transfer in isotropic turbulence

The dependence of the energy transfer process on the disparity of the interacting scales is investigated in the inertial and far‐dissipation ranges of isotropic turbulence. The strategy for generating the simulated flow fields and the choice of a disparity parameter to characterize the scaling of the interactions is discussed. The inertial range is found to be dominated by relatively local interactions, in agreement with the Kolmogorov assumption. The far‐dissipation range is found to be dominated by relatively nonlocal interactions, supporting the classical notion that the far‐dissipation range is slaved to the Kolmogorov scales. The measured energy transfer is compared with the classical models of Heisenberg [Z. Phys. 124, 628 (1948)], Obukhov [Isv. Geogr. Geophys. Ser. 13, 58 (1949)] and the more detailed analysis of Tennekes and Lumley [The First Course of Turbulence (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1972)]. The energy transfer statistics measured in the numerically simulated flows are found to be nearly sel.
GOING BACK TO THE ROOTS: A BIBLIOMETRIC AND THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

We used bibliometric methods to examine studies related to women entrepreneurship. Speci ﬁ cally, we focused on understanding the recent trends, the most in ﬂ uen ti al publica ti ons and journals, topics on which women entrepreneur ‐ ship studies are conducted, and deciphering the future direc ti on of women entrepreneurship studies. We used the Scopus database to extract 1,554 documents published from 1982 to 2022 and analyzed the scien ti ﬁ c publica ti ons per year, the most cited ar ti cles, sources of publica ti ons, keyword co ‐ occurrence, thema ti c structure (topic modeling), and bibliographic coupling. We found that the scien ti ﬁ c publica ti ons related to women entrepreneurship are increas ‐ ing signi ﬁ cantly each year, and the most consistent keyword is “gender. ” Cita ti on analysis iden ti ﬁ ed Ahl (2006) as the most cited ar ti cle, which demonstrates Ahl’s notable in ﬂ uence, as well as the success of the gender turn in ﬂ uenced by feminist theory. Co ‐ word analysis found seven clusters showing the thema ti c structure of women entrepreneurship research. Bibliographic coupling analysis found four clusters, encompassing various aspects associated with women entrepreneurship. The clusters are “Role of gender in an entrepreneur’s performance,” “Challenges and upcoming issues faced by women entrepreneurs,” “Impact of geographic loca ti on on women entrepreneurship,” and “Financial struggles of women entrepreneurs. ” Topic modeling using the latent Dirchlet alloca ti on algorithm (LDA) iden ti ﬁ ed seven areas of interest in the women entrepreneurship literature. We conclude with implica ti ons and sugges ti ons for future research.
Transition radiation and transition scattering

Transition radiation is a process of a rather general character. It occurs when some source, which does not have a proper frequency (for example, a charge) moves at a constant velocity in an inhomogeneous and (or) nonstationary medium or near such a medium. The simplest type of transition radiation takes place when a charge crosses a boundary between two media (the role of one of the media may be played by vacuum). In the case of periodic variation of the medium, transition radiation possesses some specific features (resonance transition radiation or transition scattering). Transition scattering occurs, in particular, when a permittivity wave falls onto an nonmoving (fixed) charge. Transition scattering is closely connected with transition bremsstrahlung radiation. All these transition processes are essential for plasma physics. Transition radiation and transition scattering have analogues outside the framework of electrodynamics (like in the case of Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation). In the present report the corresponding range of phenomena is elucidated, as far as possible, in a generally physical aspect.
FINITE GROUPS AS GALOIS GROUPS OF FUNCTION FIELDS WITH INFINITE FIELD OF CONSTANTS

Abstract Let E/k be a function field over an infinite field of constants. Assume that E/k(x) is a separable extension of degree greater than one such that there exists a place of degree one of k(x) ramified in E. Let K/k be a function field. We prove that there exist infinitely many nonisomorphic separable extensions L/K such that [L:K]=[E:k(x)] and AutkL=AutKL≅Autk(x)E.
Entrepreneurs as influencers: the impact of parasocial interactions on communication outcomes

Purpose Drawing on the example of car manufacturer Tesla and its early investor Elon Musk, the purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between the personal communication activities of influential entrepreneurs on social media, the emergence of parasocial interactions (PSIs) and the related communication outcomes for the company. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducted an online survey, recruiting 207 participants via purposive sampling. Partial least square path modeling and an independent t-test were conducted to test hypotheses. Findings The results of this paper show that following entrepreneurs’ personal social media activities amplifies PSIs, which in turn positively impact the company's communication outcomes. Organization–public relationships and purchase intentions are improved by PSI. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies that connects the personal and the organizational level in exploring entrepreneurial marketing. The results show that Elon Musk acts as an influential entrepreneur to effectively promote communication outcomes for Tesla. This paper illuminates the potential of entrepreneurs’ personal social media activities to support the success of their ventures.