Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children's Responses to Overt and Relational Aggression

Investigated children's responses for coping with overt and relational aggression. Children in Grades 3 through 6 (N = 491) in a rural Midwestern public school district completed a survey designed to assess how students cope when they are the targets of peer aggression. Children endorsed greater use of internalizing and distancing strategies for coping with relational aggression and greater use of externalizing strategies for coping with overt aggression. In addition, older children reported greater use of externalizing and less use of internalizing and distancing strategies than younger children. Significant differences were also found between boys and girls. Regardless of type of aggression, girls endorsed greater use of problem-solving and support strategies and less use of externalizing strategies than boys. Coping of high target children and of children who frequently received prosocial treatment from peers were also examined.
Prevalence and perceptions about tobacco use among migrant construction workers: A community-based cross-sectional survey

patterns and lack of recreational activities. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and ascertain the factors influencing it among migrant construction workers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was done on 300 construction workers in old Mahabalipuram road of Chennai selected by multistage random sampling from 100 construction units. They were assessed using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey India individual questionnaire. Epi-info-8 and SPSS-21 software was used for analysis. Results: The prevalence of current tobacco use either in the form of tobacco smoke or smokeless tobacco was 51%. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was 33.7% while for tobacco smoke use, it was 29%. The proportion of participants reporting alcohol consumption was 55.7%. Only 24% were free from substance use. 95.3% believed that smoking causes a major illness, whereas only 89.7% had similar kind of belief about smokeless tobacco. The majority (80.7%) were exposed to the ill effects of smoking and quit tobacco messages, but only 38.7% of those had thought about quitting tobacco. Conclusions: Tobacco use is an important public health problem, especially in developing countries like India and workers in the construction industry have a very higher prevalence. Specific intervention programs are warranted to reduce the burden of tobacco use related morbidity among these workers. ABSTRACT
Urban Residents’ Prejudice and Integration of Rural Migrants into Urban China

Abstract Using data from a 2011 national household survey, this study examines the factors shaping urban residents’ prejudice toward rural-to-urban migrants and the impacts of prejudice on rural migrants’ integration into urban communities. The author addresses the endogeneity of the prejudice variable by employing an instrumental variable method. The results show that urban residents with higher education and household income report stronger prejudice. Also, urban residents with urban hukou at birth are more prejudiced toward rural migrants. Given that hukou status at birth is tied to parental hukou status, this result implies that prejudice can be transferred across generations. With regards to rural migrants’ integration into urban communities, high levels of prejudice in one’s current county of residence reduces perceived social standing of rural migrants and increases the number of livelihood problems they encounter. The author also conducts a falsification test, which provides support that the effect of urban residents’ prejudice on rural migrants’ integration is causal.
Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus Fermentation Extract on Inflammation and Cytokine Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cystitis in Mice

Purpose: The effects of Lactobacillus fermentation extract (LFE) on cystitis induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the mouse bladder were investigated by pathological analyses and measurement of the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Materials and Methods: LFE was administered orally (5 g/L) to mice for 10 days after which the study group (n=12) received transurethral injection of 5 g/L LPS. The bladder tissue was then harvested after 24 hours and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. A semi-quantitative score was used to evaluate inflammation (bladder inflammation index, BII). TNF- immunohistochemical staining and multiplex cytokine assays were also performed. TNF- and IL-18 levels were determined. The results were compared with those of the control group (n=12). Results: The BII in the control and study groups was 2.7±0.5 and 1.1±0.7, respectively, with the control group scores differing significantly from the study group scores (p<0.001). TNF- immunohistochemical staining results were similar. The TNF- levels determined by the multiplex cytokine assay were 2.82±1.35 pg/mg and 1.55±0.56 pg/mg for the control and study groups, respectively, and the difference between these groups was statistically significant (p=0.007). Conclusions: Oral administration of LFE appears to have a preventive effect against the inflammatory responses and TNF- expression induced by transurethral instillation of LPS in the mouse bladder. Further studies are required to determine the clinical application of this finding.
Multiequilibria of oligomeric thermophilic DNA replication polymerases

DNA polymerases are essential enzymes in all domains of life for both DNA replication and repair. We examined the thermodynamics and enzymatic activity related to the oligomerization of hyperthermophilic archaeal Sulfolobus solfataricus (Sso) primary DNA replication polymerase (Dpo1) and lesion bypass polymerase (Dpo4). Both Dpo1 and Dpo4 bind to DNA with initial high affinity monomeric binding followed by sequential binding of additional molecules at higher concentrations of the enzyme. Gel filtration, chemical crosslinking, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and fluorescence anisotropy experiments all show a stoichiometry of three Dpo1 and two-four Dpo4 molecules bound to a single DNA substrate. In particular, oligomeric Dpo1-DNA complexes significantly increase both the kinetic rate and processivity of DNA synthesis. Differentiation of binding accurate DNA replication polymerase Dpo1 over error prone DNA lesion bypass polymerase Dpo4 is essential for the proper maintenance of the genome. Binding discrimination between these polymerases on DNA templates is complicated by the fact that multiple oligomeric species are influenced by concentration and temperature. Fluorescence anisotropy experiments were used to separate discrete binding events for the formation of trimeric Dpo1 and dimeric Dpo4 complexes on DNA. The associated equilibria are found to be temperature-dependent, generally leading to more favorable binding at higher temperatures for both polymerases. At high temperatures, DNA binding of Dpo1 monomer is slightly favored over binding of Dpo4 monomer, but binding of Dpo1 trimer is strongly favored over binding of Dpo4 dimer, thus providing thermodynamic selection. The results from ITC showed an unusually strong temperature dependence of the change in heat capacity (∆C_p^o), which switches from positive to negative values with increasing temperature. The observed sign change in ∆C_p^o does not derive from temperature-dependent changes in structure, protonation, or electrostatics. Rather, we propose that temperature affects the coupled equilibria between self-associations of free Dpo1 or Dpo4 and their binding to DNA. Taken together, Sso differentiates between Dpo1 and Dpo4 binding to DNA by integrating molecular and cellular principles including concentration, temperature, oligomerization, and coupled equilibria to maintain uninterrupted, rapid, and high fidelity DNA replication.
The Internal Dynamics of Migration Processes: A Theoretical Inquiry

The migration literature has identified various feedback mechanisms which explain why, once started, migration processes tend to become partly self-perpetuating, leading to the formation of migrant networks and migration systems. However, existing theories on the internal dynamics of migration processes are characterised by three fundamental weaknesses. First, their focus on migrant networks coincides with a neglect of indirect feedback dynamics that operate through the impact of migration on the sending and receiving contexts, changing the initial conditions under which migration takes place. Second, existing theories are unable to explain why most initial migration moves do not lead to network migration and migration system formation. Third, their largely circular logic reveals an inability to conceptualise which migration-undermining feedback mechanisms may counteract migration-facilitating feedback dynamics and which may explain the endogenous decline of established migration systems. By drawing on various disciplinary strands of migration theory and by applying insights from the critical social capital literature, this paper proposes a conceptual framework on the internal dynamics of migration processes by elaborating a set of hypotheses on the various migration-facilitating and migration-undermining feedback mechanisms at play in the various trajectories and stages of migration system formation and decline.
Living Different Dreams: Aspirations and Social Activities of Irregular Migrants in the Low Countries

The limited literature on the social activities irregular migrants undertake in their leisure time is dichotomised around two positions. The dominant view holds that irregular migrants are busy surviving and have neither time nor opportunity to engage in recreational activities or to be geographically mobile. Challenged by this one-sided perspective, a few scholars oppose this image and describe the various social activities which their respondents engage in. Drawing on participant observation and 164 interviews with irregular migrants, this article demonstrates that there is more variety in the social activities of irregular migrants than is suggested by this dichotomised debate. In addition, it shows that an approach that takes the aspirations of irregular migrants as the central focus of analysis provides understanding of this diversity in their social lives. Future research on the lives of irregular migrants should therefore take their aspirations into account.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Hatha Yoga Intervention for Smokers

v INTRODUCTION . 1 Cigarette Smoking . 1 Anxiety, Depression, and Smoking . 2 Transdiagnostic Factors and Smoking . 4 Aerobic Exercise . 11 Hatha Yoga . 12 Study Aims and Hypotheses . 16 METHODS . 19 Participants . 19 Measures . 24 Conditions . 29 Procedures . 30 Data Analytic Strategy . 31 A Priori Power Analysis . 34 RESULTS . 35 Sample Descriptives. 35 Acute Impact of Condition on Craving and the Role of Anxiety/Depression . 39 Impact of Condition on Follow-up Smoking and the Role of Anxiety/Depression . 39 Acute Impact of Condition on Transdiagnostic Factors and the Role of Anxiety/Depression. 40 Impact of Condition on Follow-up Transdiagnostic Factors and the Role of Anxiety/Depression. 42 Moderating Role of Time Spent Using Intervention Materials . 45 Mediating Role of Transdiagnostic Factors . 46 DISCUSSION . 48 Limitations and Future Directions . 52 Conclusions . 54 NOTES . 55 APPENDIX. IRB APPROVAL FORM . 73 VITA . 74
OSTEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN AND NOTCH IN MALAYSIAN CRANIA

Objective: A clear knowledge of the location of supraorbital foramen (SOF) is vital for the surgeons, particularly in endoscopic surgery and regional block in crania. The aim of this study was to analyze SOF and notch in skulls of various ancestries.Methods: The anatomical variations of SOF and notch were examined in 100 adults skulls (55 males and 45 females) of the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ancestries by traditional measurement made with the Osirix software. The parameters included distance between supraorbital structure and nasal midline, shape, and transverse diameter of the SOF.Results: It was manifested that bilateral supraorbital notch (SON) was the most prevalent combination in both sexes and ancestries (61%), while combined SON and foramen (11%) were the least prevalent characteristic. The mean distances of supraorbital structure from nasal midline bilaterally in males were slightly greater than females. The horizontal diameter of SOF, notch and their distances from the nasal midline showed no difference between ancestries.Conclusion: This study would serve as a guide for the surgeons when surgery is performed on the scalp. It can help in the precise determination of reference points for supraorbital nerve blockade for the Malaysians. In addition, the variations exhibited in supraorbital measurements inevitably revealed that sex and ancestry should be taken into consideration when choosing samples for anatomical classification of crania.
The nature of innovation channels at the micro level: evidence from Russian manufacturing firms

The main purpose of the paper is to analyze different channels for innovations. We analyze the influence of such channels on Russian companies taking into account industrial organization – vertical or horizontal orientation, peculiarities of corporate demography, roles and motives of different owners (including government and foreign investors), demand trends, customers’ profile, nature, and intensity of competition in relevant markets. Our study’s empirical base is provided by a survey of 652 Russian industrial companies conducted in 2012. We find that innovations in Russian industry are spread in accordance with two main models: vertical through corporate connections, and horizontal, based on the example of foreign companies in the atmosphere of developed competition.
Validity and prognostic value of serum albumin level in emergency acute ischemic stroke egyptian patients

There are two main types of stroke: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Some studies showed the favorable relationship of serum albumin levels on the outcome of patients who suffer from ischemic stroke (IS). Some experimental studies have suggested a neuroprotective effect of albumin either by reducing brain edema or by its antioxidative or antiapoptotic effects. To detect serum albumin level and evaluate its prognostic value in patients with acute ischemic stroke in emergency department in compared to Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS). The study was carried out as descriptive (cross-sectional) study conducted on 60 patients with ischemic stroke attending emergency department in Suez Canal University hospital. It was found that all of died patients (100%) had hypoalbuminemia. While (92.5%) of patients who discharged from hospital had normal serum albumin level in follow up. but (7.5%) of them had hypoalbuminemia. And the ROC curve of both SSS and Serum albumin level on admission had Sensitivity: 100% and Specificity: 83% among studied patients. Thus serum albumin level has a direct correlation with short term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients. Patients with a lower SSS on admission and had higher levels of serum albumin had good short-term prognosis, and those with a high SSS and had a lower level of albumin had bad prognosis. higher levels of serum albumin is associated with a better short term prognosis. So they may act as indicators of short term prognosis.
BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER IN URBAN AREAS OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Objectives: To establish whether drinking water of urban areas of Peshawar is fit for drinking or not, in view of WHOrecommendation.Material and Methods: Twenty-nine samples were collected from drinking water sources from different houses ofurban areas of sadder, Tehkal and Warsak Road of District Peshawar, Pakistan from January 2016 to April 2016; whichinclude tube well, well and tap water. All samples were analyzed in Public Health Laboratory, Khyber Medical Collegefor presence of E.coli. Presumtive coliform test was done on all sample according to WHO criteria.Results: The study showed that maximum Coliform values were >80MPN/100ml and minimum total coliform valueswere <20MPN/100ml while most of the samples have values in between 30MPN/100ml - 60MPN/100ml…. Note; Twosamples were collected from filtered water source in order to check the quality of filtration and chlorination of drinkingwater which gave disappointing results i.e. 20 MPN/100ml.Conclusion: It is reported that quality of drinking water in Peshawar City is far from satisfactory, showing high percentage(99.9%) of coliform bacteria which is a sign of fecal contamination.
‘We will take them from anywhere’: schools working within multiple initial teacher training partnerships

This article reports on a small‐scale study focusing on the role of the initial teacher training (ITT) coordinator in schools in England in terms of working simultaneously across and within a number of different ITT partnerships. Data collection involved a review of the relevant course documentation of the four main higher education institutions working in one region, a postal questionnaire to 113 primary schools and secondary schools within that region and semi‐structured telephone interviews with six school‐based ITT coordinators. The data were analysed within broad categories identifying the facilitators and constraints of carrying out the role when working in partnership with a number of different ITT providers. The findings indicate that there is a developing trend towards schools in England working with multiple partners, particularly in the case of secondary schools and that, notwithstanding the administrative difficulties sometimes caused, there are clear perceived advantages to working in such a way, both for the schools themselves and for the trainees in those schools. The implications of this in terms of partnerships between schools and ITT providers are explored, as are the potential opportunities for the development of the school coordinator's role.
Chapter 8

The study of hominid enamel microstructural features is usually restricted to the examination of fortuitous enamel fractures by low magnification stereo-zoom microscopy or, rarely, because of its intrusive nature, by high magnification compound microscopy of ground thin sections. To contend with limitations of magnification and specimen preparation, a Portable Confocal Scanning Optical Microscope (PCSOM) has been specifically developed for the non-contact and non-destructive imaging of early hominid hard tissue microstructure. This unique instrument can be used for high resolution imaging of both the external features of enamel, such as perikymata and microwear, as well as internal structures, such as cross striations and, commonly, the cuspal striae, from naturally fractured or worn enamel surfaces. Because there is veritably no specimen size or shape that cannot be imaged (e.g. fractured enamel surfaces on intact cranial remains), study samples may also be increased over what would have been possible before. We have applied this innovative technology to the study of enamel microstructural features from naturally occurring occluso-cervical fractures of the South African hominid, Australopithecus africanus representing different tooth types. We present for the first time detailed information regarding cross striation periodicity for this species and, in addition, we present data on striae-EDJ angles in a large sample of teeth and crown formation time for a molar of A. africanus. Our results characterize a pattern of enamel development for A. africanus, which is different to that reported for the genus Paranthropus, as previously observed.
Examining the Socioeconomic Patterns of Service Utilization among Canadian Women at Risk for Developing Eating Disorders: A Prevalence Study

This study adapted Andersen’s behavioural model of service utilization (1995) to explore health and mental health service utilization amongst women at risk for developing an eating disorder in Canada. Specifically, secondary data analysis using the Canadian Community Health Survey (2012) were used to examine the relationship between body dissatisfaction, socioeconomic variables (ethnicity and income), and service utilization (health care utilization, mental health care utilization and unmet needs) amongst Canadian women. Results indicated that body dissatisfied women had high health and mental health service utilization, and higher reported unmet needs. Furthermore, increased age and lower educational attainment were associated with disparities in mental health service utilization. Finally, the majority of reasons that body dissatisfied women provided for unmet needs were based on structural barriers. This study highlighted significant barriers to service utilization for women at risk of eating disorders in Canada. Due to the high individual and social costs to eating disorders, barriers creating inequitable health services and mental health services need to be addressed in clinical practice, organizational structures, policy, and in research to improve treatment pathways.
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibodies and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in a Prospective Cohort of Middle-Aged Men

Background Data concerning the relation between anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies and myocardial infarction in subjects without evidence of overt autoimmune disease are conflicting. All published studies have been performed on survivors of myocardial infarction or in patients with established coronary heart disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the presence of aPL antibodies, namely, anti-cardiolipin (aCL) antibodies, carries a risk for myocardial infarction in a prospective cohort. Methods and Results The sera to be studied were drawn at entry from middle-aged dyslipidemic men (non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ≥5.2 mmol/L) participating in the Helsinki Heart Study, a 5-year coronary primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil. Samples were tested for IgG-class antibodies to cardiolipin by an ELISA. The risk was estimated with logistic regression analysis using a nested case-control design with 133 patients (myocardial infarction or cardiac death) and 133 control subje.
The caregiving relationship under stress: foster carers’ experience of loss of the sense of self

This paper is an account of a piece of research which involved interviewing six foster carers who had ended a placement with a child under the age of five with an early experience of abuse and neglect. The paper describes one of the themes that emerged from the data analysis, the loss of the sense of self in the foster carers, and argues that the experience of attempting to provide care for these children led to internal shifts in the carers that reverberated throughout the network around the child. The paper suggests that knowing about the external reasons for placement breakdown is not enough without taking into account the impact on the internal world of the foster carers and the emotional impact of attempting to provide care for a child who has experienced abuse and neglect.
On connection coefficients of some perturbed of arbitrary order of the Chebyshev polynomials of second kind

ABSTRACT Orthogonal polynomials satisfy a recurrence relation of order two defined by two sequences of coefficients. If we modify one of these recurrence coefficients at a certain order, we obtain the so-called perturbed orthogonal sequence. In this work, we analyse perturbed Chebyshev polynomials of second kind and we deal with the problem of finding the connection coefficients that allow us to write the perturbed sequence in terms of the original one and in terms of the canonical basis. From the connection coefficients obtained, we derive some results about zeros at the origin. The analysis is valid for arbitrary order of perturbation.