Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey

The COVIDiSTRESS global survey collects data on early human responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic from 173 429 respondents in 48 countries. The open science study was co-designed by an international consortium of researchers to investigate how psychological responses differ across countries and cultures, and how this has impacted behaviour, coping and trust in government efforts to slow the spread of the virus. Starting in March 2020, COVIDiSTRESS leveraged the convenience of unpaid online recruitment to generate public data. The objective of the present analysis is to understand relationships between psychological responses in the early months of global coronavirus restrictions and help understand how different government measures succeed or fail in changing public behaviour. There were variations between and within countries. Although Western Europeans registered as more concerned over COVID-19, more stressed, and having slightly more trust in the governments' efforts, there was no clear geographical pattern in compliance with behavioural measures. Detailed plots illustrating between-countries differences are provided. Using both traditional and Bayesian analyses, we found that individuals who worried about getting sick worked harder to protect themselves and others. However, concern about the coronavirus itself did not account for all of the variances in experienced stress during the early months of COVID-19 restrictions. More alarmingly, such stress was associated with less compliance. Further, those most concerned over the coronavirus trusted in government measures primarily where policies were strict. While concern over a disease is a source of mental distress, other factors including strictness of protective measures, social support and personal lockdown conditions must also be taken into consideration to fully appreciate the psychological impact of COVID-19 and to understand why some people fail to follow behavioural guidelines intended to protect themselves and others from infection. The Stage 1 manuscript associated with this submission received in-principle acceptance (IPA) on 18 May 2020. Following IPA, the accepted Stage 1 version of the manuscript was preregistered on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/g2t3b. This preregistration was performed prior to data analysis.
The significance of long-range correction to the hydroperoxyl radical-scavenging reaction of trans-resveratrol and gnetin C

Density functional theory has been gaining popularity for studying the radical scavenging activity of antioxidants. However, only a few studies investigate the importance of calculation methods on the radical-scavenging reactions. In this study, we examined the significance of (i) the long-range correction on the coulombic interaction and (ii) the London dispersion correction to the hydroperoxyl radical-scavenging reaction of trans-resveratrol and gnetin C. We employed B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X exchange-correlation functionals and B3LYP with the D3 version of Grimme’s dispersion in the calculations. The results showed that long-range correction on the coulombic interaction had a significant effect on the increase of reaction and activation energies. The increase was in line with the change of hydroperoxyl radical’s orientation in the transition state structure. Meanwhile, the London dispersion correction only had a minor effect on the transition state structure, reaction energy and activation energy. Overall, long-range correction on the coulombic interaction had a significant impact on the radical-scavenging reaction.
A centriole's subdistal appendages: contributions to cell division, ciliogenesis and differentiation

The centrosome is a highly conserved structure composed of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material. The mother, and inherently older, centriole has distal and subdistal appendages, whereas the daughter centriole is devoid of these appendage structures. Both appendages have been primarily linked to functions in cilia formation. However, subdistal appendages present with a variety of potential functions that include spindle placement, chromosome alignment, the final stage of cell division (abscission) and potentially cell differentiation. Subdistal appendages are particularly interesting in that they do not always display a conserved ninefold symmetry in appendage organization on the mother centriole across eukaryotic species, unlike distal appendages. In this review, we aim to differentiate both the morphology and role of the distal and subdistal appendages, with a particular focus on subdistal appendages.
No severe genetic bottleneck in a rapidly range-expanding bumblebee pollinator

Genetic bottlenecks can limit the success of populations colonizing new ranges. However, successful colonizations can occur despite bottlenecks, a phenomenon known as the genetic paradox of invasion. Eusocial Hymenoptera such as bumblebees (Bombus spp.) should be particularly vulnerable to genetic bottlenecks, since homozygosity at the sex-determining locus leads to costly diploid male production (DMP). The Tree Bumblebee (Bombus hypnorum) has rapidly colonized the UK since 2001 and has been highlighted as exemplifying the genetic paradox of invasion. Using microsatellite genotyping, combined with the first genetic estimates of DMP in UK B. hypnorum, we tested two alternative genetic hypotheses (‘bottleneck’ and ‘gene flow’ hypotheses) for B. hypnorum's colonization of the UK. We found that the UK population has not undergone a recent severe genetic bottleneck and exhibits levels of genetic diversity falling between those of widespread and range-restricted Bombus species. Diploid males occurred in 15.4% of reared colonies, leading to an estimate of 21.5 alleles at the sex-determining locus. Overall, the findings show that this population is not bottlenecked, instead suggesting that it is experiencing continued gene flow from the continental European source population with only moderate loss of genetic diversity, and does not exemplify the genetic paradox of invasion.
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDYS FOR INVESTIGATION OF ANTIHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF PUNICA GRANATUM PULP AGAINST ADULT INDIAN EARTHWORM PHERITIMA POSTHUMA

The present research programme was carried out to investigate the anthelmintic activity of the aqueous and methanolic extract of punica granatum pulp against adult Indian earthworm Pheritima posthuma.Various concentrations (50 and 100 mg/ml) of aqueous and methanolic extract evaluated for antihelmintic activity by recording the time required for paralysis and death of worms. Albendazole (20mg/ml) was used as standard. Result indicates aqueous and methanolic extracts of Punica Granatum pulp significantly (p<0.01) exhibited anthelmintic activity in dose dependent manner when compaired with standard. The shortest time required for paralysis and death was observed with concentration of 100mg/ml. aqueous extract showed maximum effect when compared with methanolic extract. Further studies are under progress to confirm the possible chemical constituents responsible for activity.
Thermodynamic parameters governing the stereoselective degradation of arylglycerol-B-aryl ether bonds in milled wood lignin under kraft pulping conditions

Abstract During this investigation, softwood (picea mariana) milled wood lignin was subjected to kraft pulping conditions at the temperature range 100-160 oC, for variable lengths of time. After quantitative isolation of the treated lignins, they were subjected to 31PNMR analyses which allowed the absolute rates of scission of the erythro and thewo diastereomers of the arylglycerol-B-aryl ether structures present in lignin to be derived.The plots of the kinetic data revealed that two kinetic regimes operate i.e. an initial fast phase that is followed by another slower phase. In agreement with previous accounts, the rate constants for these scission reactions were found to follow a pseudo-first-order rate law, during both phases. Rate constant data obtained during this effort, invariably indicated that the erythro isomers of the R-0-4 units of softwood milled wood lignin cleave faster than their thr-eo counterparts during both phases. At elevated temperatures (160 "C) the difference was found to be augmented. The general stability of the threo diastereomers toward kraft pulping seems to be the manifestation of a considerably slower reaction of the pulping reagents with the threo diastereomers of the B-aryl ethers. Arrhenius and Eyring plots o i these data supplied the complete profile of thermodynamic parameters governing this commercially important ether scission reaction.
DIFFERENTIAL WEATHERING OF DIAGENETIC CONCRETIONS AND THE FORMATION OF NEOPROTEROZOIC ANNULATED DISCOIDAL STRUCTURES

Abstract: Annulated discoidal structures are common in many Neoproterozoic and particularly Ediacaran successions. Their interpretations, especially their biogenicity, are often contentious. Some of them (e.g., Aspidella and related forms) are demonstrably biological structures and may represent holdfasts of frondose Ediacara-type organisms. Others may represent fluid escape structures or tool marks produced by the rotation of tethered organisms. Here we show that differential chemical weathering of diagenetic dolomite concretions can also produce annulated discoidal structures that could be mistaken as Ediacara-type discoidal fossils. Using transmitted-light and cathodoluminescence microscopy in conjunction with Raman and energy dispersive spectroscopy, we analyzed dolomitized discoidal concretions embedded in a phosphorite matrix from the Ediacaran Miaohe Member of South China. Our observations reveal that pervasive and displacive syn-compactional dolomitization of the concretions and differential compaction of surrounding sediment led to the formation of biconvex or upward-convex primary laminae within the concretions. When exposed along parting surfaces and/or bedding planes, disparities in the weatherability of the warped primary laminae within the concretions resulted in the formation of circular annuli that mimic Neoproterozoic discoidal structures, some of which have been contentiously interpreted as discoidal fossils. These findings emphasize the importance of thin-section petrographic observations in the study of discoidal dubiofossils in order to assess their origin as diagenetic concretions or as discoidal macrofossils.
Taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity of cricetid rodents in Oaxaca, southern Mexico

Understanding the ecological and historical causes and processes that shape biodiversity distribution patterns remains a challenging and fundamental task in biogeography, ecology, and evolution. To address this issue, taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity can help us to assess the importance of ecological and historical factors that structure these biotic patterns. To make inferences about the processes underlying current spatial patterns in communities of Cricetidae across the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, their taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity were assessed jointly. Our aims were: 1) to examine taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity and their turnover and nestedness components among physiographic subprovinces; 2) to test for statistical significance of observed phylogenetic β diversity against the expected values of a null model; and 3) to evaluate if these metrics were correlated with geographical distance. We obtained the species composition for 12 subprovinces based on distribution models for 49 cricetid species present in Oaxaca, then carried out a maximum likelihood analysis to estimate their phylogenetic relationships. Our results show that the taxonomic and phylogenetic dissimilarities mainly were explained by the turnover component of species and lineages. In almost all pairwise comparisons, the null model approach revealed random patterns for phylogenetic β diversity values and its components. Mantel correlation models showed that the values of total taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and their components are correlated with the geographical distances between subprovinces. Our results suggest that both taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity are explained by the interplay between biogeographical history from southern Mexico, and the recent speciation processes in cricetid rodents. Given that speciation processes are allopatric for most cricetid taxa, the high values of spatial turnover can be explained by the small ranges of species, coupled with current abiotic conditions that act as filters, promoting specialization of species on particular conditions. Our results show the importance of the phylogenetic approach to unravel the multidimensional spatial patterns of biodiversity.
Diel transcriptional oscillations of light-sensitive regulatory elements in open-ocean eukaryotic plankton communities

Significance Most organisms coordinate key biological events to coincide with the day/night cycle. These diel oscillations are entrained through the activity of light-sensitive photoreceptors that allow organisms to respond rapidly to changes in light exposure. In the ocean, the plankton community must additionally contend with dramatic changes in the quantity and quality of light over depth. Here, we show that the predominantly blue-light field in the open-ocean environment may have driven expansion of blue light-sensitive regulatory elements in open-ocean eukaryotic plankton derived from secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis. The diel transcription of genes encoding light-sensitive elements indicate that photosynthetic and heterotrophic marine protists respond to and anticipate fluctuating light conditions in the dynamic marine environment. The 24-h cycle of light and darkness governs daily rhythms of complex behaviors across all domains of life. Intracellular photoreceptors sense specific wavelengths of light that can reset the internal circadian clock and/or elicit distinct phenotypic responses. In the surface ocean, microbial communities additionally modulate nonrhythmic changes in light quality and quantity as they are mixed to different depths. Here, we show that eukaryotic plankton in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre transcribe genes encoding light-sensitive proteins that may serve as light-activated transcription factors, elicit light-driven electrical/chemical cascades, or initiate secondary messenger-signaling cascades. Overall, the protistan community relies on blue light-sensitive photoreceptors of the cryptochrome/photolyase family, and proteins containing the Light-Oxygen-Voltage (LOV) domain. The greatest diversification occurred within Haptophyta and photosynthetic stramenopiles where the LOV domain was combined with different DNA-binding domains and secondary signal-transduction motifs. Flagellated protists utilize green-light sensory rhodopsins and blue-light helmchromes, potentially underlying phototactic/photophobic and other behaviors toward specific wavelengths of light. Photoreceptors such as phytochromes appear to play minor roles in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Transcript abundance of environmental light-sensitive protein-encoding genes that display diel patterns are found to primarily peak at dawn. The exceptions are the LOV-domain transcription factors with peaks in transcript abundances at different times and putative phototaxis photoreceptors transcribed throughout the day. Together, these data illustrate the diversity of light-sensitive proteins that may allow disparate groups of protists to respond to light and potentially synchronize patterns of growth, division, and mortality within the dynamic ocean environment.
The Physical Context of Child Development

Child development reflects interactions between personal characteristics and the physical and social environment. Psychology, however, lacks analysis of physical features that influence child development. In this article, I describe a preliminary taxonomy of physical-setting characteristics that can influence child development, focusing on environmental stressors such as noise, crowding, and chaos along with structural quality of housing, day care, and schools. Adverse outcomes associated with suboptimal physical settings during childhood include cognitive and socioemotional difficulties along with chronic physiological stress. Both direct effects on the child as well as indirect effects occurring via significant persons surrounding the child are described. Methodological limitations, particularly reliance on observational studies, are a weakness in the current literature, but increasingly more rigorously obtained findings yield converging evidence of the effects of physical settings on child development.
Validity Evidence for the Revised Classroom Practices Survey: An Instrument to Measure Teachers’ Differentiation Practices

We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Classroom Practices Survey–Revised (CPS-R) when used with students achieving at low, average, and high levels. A total of 739 teachers completed CPS-R for students in their classrooms. Results showed improvement in the reliability of CPS-R across all achievement levels when compared with its previous version. Internal consistency estimates for the four factors were higher for the high-achieving students (α = .84–.94) compared with estimates for students who achieve at average (α = .83–.92) and low (α = .81–.90) levels. Model fit of the data was in the acceptable range across all achievement levels. However, model fit indices for the high-achieving group were slightly better than for the average- and low-achieving groups. Results support the practical value of CPS-R as a tool to assess teachers’ use of differentiation strategies.
Stress granule formation, disassembly, and composition are regulated by alphavirus ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity

Significance Alphaviruses are mosquito-borne RNA viruses that cause rash, arthritis, and neurologic disease. Despite a continued risk of outbreaks, there are no licensed interventions for any alphavirus. For progress in control, an understanding of the molecular targets that affect virus replication and virulence is essential. This paper characterizes a conserved macrodomain in the virulence factor nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3). We discovered that the macrodomain ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity is critical for controlling the composition of cellular condensates, specifically through regulating the localization of translation factors, during viral infection. Given that this macrodomain is conserved across alphaviruses and coronaviruses and that the associated enzymatic activity is critical for virulence, our work may open avenues for developing a class of antiviral therapeutics. While biomolecular condensates have emerged as an important biological phenomenon, mechanisms regulating their composition and the ways that viruses hijack these mechanisms remain unclear. The mosquito-borne alphaviruses cause a range of diseases from rashes and arthritis to encephalitis, and no licensed drugs are available for treatment or vaccines for prevention. The alphavirus virulence factor nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) suppresses the formation of stress granules (SGs)—a class of cytoplasmic condensates enriched with translation initiation factors and formed during the early stage of infection. nsP3 has a conserved N-terminal macrodomain that hydrolyzes ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylated proteins and a C-terminal hypervariable domain that binds the essential SG component G3BP1. Here, we show that macrodomain hydrolase activity reduces the ADP-ribosylation of G3BP1, disassembles virus-induced SGs, and suppresses SG formation. Expression of nsP3 results in the formation of a distinct class of condensates that lack translation initiation factors but contain G3BP1 and other SG-associated RNA-binding proteins. Expression of ADP-ribosylhydrolase–deficient nsP3 results in condensates that retain translation initiation factors as well as RNA-binding proteins, similar to SGs. Therefore, our data reveal that ADP-ribosylation controls the composition of biomolecular condensates, specifically the localization of translation initiation factors, during alphavirus infection.
A variability modeling and transformation approach for safety-critical systems

Safety-critical autonomous systems are becoming highly variant-intensive with thousands of variations points within a single product. Modeling these systems requires the specification of safety properties, but the diversity of these properties makes hard to configure these systems manually to prevent emerging hazards and fault behaviors. Because existing software variability techniques provide rudimentary mechanisms for mapping variability constructs to functional safety models, we describe in this paper an experience report showing how a novel annotative modeling approach and tool can be used to derive system models enriched with functional safety information. We validate our approach using a case study from the automotive domain and we estimate the effort reduction in the tasks comparing our approach with two similar tools.
Surface characterization of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene after nitrogen ion implantation

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) samples were implanted with 46 and 80 keV nitrogen ions up to a fluence of 10 17 ions cm -2 . The modified surface layers were studied by XPS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, elastic recoil detection analysis and dynamic ultra-microhardness measurements. By XPS at relatively low fluences (∼10 15 ions cm -2 ) the dominant N 1s peak component was detected at ∼400 eV, which was attributed to C=N-type bonds. With increasing fluence the share of component at ∼398.5 eV, assigned to C-N-type bonds, increased significantly. Changes in the FTIR spectra reflected dehydrogenation (creation of trans-vinylene groups) and oxidation (creation of carbonyl groups). Rutherford backscattering spectrometry allowed the depth profiles of the elements to be obtained. In each case, the thickness of the oxygen-containing layer proved to be greater than that of the nitrogen-containing layer. Elastic recoil detection analysis revealed the formation of a layer with a characteristically graded hydrogen depletion. The thickness of this layer was greater than the projected range of the nitrogen ions. Significant improvement in the surface hardness was observed for the ion-implanted UHMWPE in the whole range of indentation depth studied.
GATA3 rs3824662A allele in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults, adolescents and young adults: association with CRLF2 rearrangement and poor prognosis

Karyopharm, Nektar, Oncopeptides, and Sanofi Pasteur. Dr. Kaufman receives research funding from Abbvie/Genentech, Amgen, BristolMyers Squibb, Gelgene, Fortis Therapeutics, Janssen, Merck, and Sutro Biopharm, Inc. He is a consultant for Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Karyopharm Therapetuics, Sanofi, Takeda, Ecnofarma, and TG Therapeutics. He receives honoraria from Tecnofarma. Dr. Lonial receives research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, and Takeda. He is a consultant for Abbvie, Amgen, BristolMyers Squibb, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Juno Therapeutics, Merck, Novartis, and Takeda. Dr. Maples serves as consultant for The Lynx Group, GlaxoSmithKline, and Sanofi. Dr. Nooka receives research funding from Amgen, Janssen, and Takeda. He is a consultant for Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Oncopeptides, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, and Takeda. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.