Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new global water vapor dataset

A comprehensive and accurate global water vapor dataset is critical to the adequate understanding of water vapor`s role in the earth`s climate system. To begin to satisfy this need, the authors have produced a blended dataset made up of global, 5-yr (1988-92), 1{degrees} x 1{degrees} spatial resolution, atmospheric water vapor (WV) and liquid water path products. These new products consist of both the daily total column-integrated composites and a multilayered WV product at three layers (1000-700, 700-500, 500-300 mb). The analyses combine WV retrievals from the Television and Infrared Operational Satellite (TIROS) Operational Verticle Sounder (TOVS), the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager, and radiosonde observations. The global, verticle-layered water vapor dataset was developed by slicing the blended total column water vapor using layer information from TOVS and radiosonde. Also produced was a companion, over oceans only, liquid water path dataset. Satellite observations of liquid water path are growing in importance since many of the global climate models are now either incorporating or contain liquid water as an explicit variable. The complete dataset (all three products) has been named NVAP, an acronym for National Aeronautics and Space Administration Water Vapor Project. This paper provides examples of the new dataset as well as scientificmore » analysis of the observed annual cycle and the interannual variability of water vapor at global, hemispheric, and regional scales. A distinct global annual cycle is shown to be dominated by the Northern Hemisphere observations. Planetary-scale variations are found to relate well to recent independent estimates of tropospheric temperature variations. Maps of regional interannual variability in the 5-yr period show the effect of the 1992 ENSO and other features. 43 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs. « less
Copper-Doped Carbon Nanodots with Superior Photocatalysis, Directly Obtained from Chromium-Copper-Arsenic-Treated Wood Waste

An ecofriendly approach was developed for preparing copper-doped carbon dots (CDs) with superior photocatalysis using chromium-copper-arsenic (CCA)-treated wood waste as a precursor. Original wood (W-CDs), CCA-treated wood (C-CDs), and bioremediation CCA wood (Y-CDs) were used as the precursors. The chemical composition and structural, morphological, and optical properties, as well as the photocatalytic ability of the synthesized CDs varied with wood type. The C-CDs and W-CDs had similar characteristics: quasispherical in shape and with a diameter of 2 to 4.5 nm. However, the Y-CDs particles were irregular and stacked together, with a size of 1.5–3 nm. The presence of nitrogen prevented the formation of an aromatic structure for those CDs fabricated from bioremediation CCA wood. The three synthesized CDs showed a broad absorption peak at 260 nm and a weak absorption peak at 320 nm. Proof of the model study for the fabrication of luminescent CDs from CCA wood waste for bioimaging was provided. The degradation rate of CD photocatalytic MB was 97.8% for 30 min. Copper doping gives the CDs electron acceptor properties, improving their photocatalytic efficiency. This study provides novel ways to prepare nanomaterials from decommissioned wood as a nontoxic and low-cost alternative to fluorescent dots.
Public Finances Solvency in the Euro Area: True or False?

We assess public finances solvency for Euro Area countries using quarterly data between 1999Q1 and 2020Q4. Through a country-by-country analysis, the answer to the title question is true. For most countries, (i) the primary budget balance reacts positively to the lagged public debt ratio and past primary government balances contribute to the reduction of the public debt ratio, indicating a Ricardian fiscal regime. Furthermore, in a panel framework: (ii) the response of revenues to government expenditures is higher from 2010 onwards, and, for higher average public debt ratios, the response is lower, while (iii) the response of the primary government balance to the lagged public debt ratio is lower from 2010 onwards and is higher for higher average public debt ratios; (iv) past primary budget balances allow the public debt ratio to be reduced, especially before 2010 and in countries whose average public debt ratio is between 60 and 90% of GDP. Using a rolling window method, we find that (v) fiscal sustainability coefficients are higher the higher the lagged public debt ratios, fiscal rule indexes and sovereign ratings. Conversely, after 2010 and in periods of legislative elections, those coefficients are lower.
Impact of Moderate-To-Vigorous Sports Participation Combined with Resistance Training on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Outcomes among Lean Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study

Background: To investigate the combined impact of being engaged in resistance training (RT) and meeting the physical activity guidelines through sports participation (SP) on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in lean adolescents. Methods: A longitudinal study, part of the ongoing study entitled “ABCD Growth Study” (Analysis of Behaviors of Children During Growth), assessed data from 64 adolescents (23 from the sport group, 11 from the sport + RT group, and 30 from the control group). Metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes were analyzed as dependent variables. For the independent variables, sports participation and resistance training were considered, and for the covariates, sex, chronological age, body weight, height, and somatic maturation. Results: After 12 months of follow-up, the RT + SP presented improvements in triglycerides (TG) and the SP presented a reduction in LDL-c, TG, and glucose when compared to the control group. Conclusions: Being engaged in RT and SP is a good strategy to improve health in eutrophic adolescents, with a great impact on TG from the lipid profile.
Comparison of the Efficacy of NeoNiTi, ProTaper, and Reciproc Files in the Retreatment of Curved Root Canals: a CBCT Assessment

Objective Effective tools and methods are applied during root canal retreatment to eliminate root canal obturation materials and preserve the initial root canal anatomy. The present study compared the efficacy of Reciproc, Neoniti, ProTaper, and Hedstrom files in the retreatment of curved root canals. Material and methods In the present in vitro study, 100 root canals with 25‒45º curvatures were used. After the samples were initially prepared and examined by CBCT, the root canals were obturated with gutta-percha and randomly assigned to four groups (n=25). A retreatment was carried out in each group with NeoNiTi, ProTaper, Reciproc, and Hedstrom files. CBCT examinations were carried out again under the same conditions. The samples were evaluated at 3-, 6-, and 9-mm distances from the apex on the first and the second CBCT image for root canal transportation and remaining gutta-percha in the root canals. The time required for retreating each canal in each sample was recorded. One-way ANOVA and corresponding non-parametric tests were applied for data analysis. Results The root canal transportation in the NeoNiTi group was lower than that in the other groups and significantly different from the ProTaper group (P<0.05). There was a remaining gutta-percha after retreatments in all the four groups, which was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Despite the fact that the NeoNiTi file produced less transportation than other file systems evaluated in the retreatment of curved root canals, all the files were very effective at the clinically acceptable levels.
Measurements of stress during vapor deposition of copper and silver thin films and multilayers

Copper and silver single layer and multilayered thin films were thermal vapor deposited onto cantilevered substrates [Si(100) with native oxide] near room temperature in ultrahigh vacuum. The total force per unit width (F/w) in the film during and after deposition was determined from the change in substrate curvature measured in situ by a laser scanning technique. The intrinsic component of F/w was obtained by subtraction of the thermal component, which was obtained by measuring the product of the biaxial modulus of the film (Yf) and the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion of the substrate and the film (Δαs−f) while each sample was still in the ultra‐high vacuum deposition chamber. For all samples, the measured value of YfΔαs−f was substantially lower than the calculated value based on the {111} biaxial modulus and the coefficients of thermal expansion of the bulk materials, even though x‐ray diffraction indicated strong {111} film texture. During deposition, a general trend in F/w was found r.
Comparative anatomical survey of Cyclamen L. (Primulaceae) taxa and their traditional medicinal uses in Turkey

The genus Cyclamen is native to Turkey, where it is represented by 12 perennial tuberous geophytic taxa. In this study, a detailed anatomical description of all Cyclamen taxa found in Turkey is provided for the first time. Tuber, root, petiole, and leaf cross‐sections were stained with Astra blue and safranin, and tuber slides were also stained with sartur. Tubers of these taxa used by local people as a treatment for infertility were separately investigated. Stomatal index values and epidermis cell features of the studied taxa were measured. Indumentum features of the leaves were described for the first time. Petiole and leaf anatomy and particularly stomatal density, size, and index, provided valuable evidence for species identification. Although the anatomical features of these taxa are not sufficient as diagnostic characters, they can be used together with morphological features.
Study on the Production of Cellulase by Using Aspergillus Oryzae and its Application on the Green Coffee Treatment

The objective of this study was to investigate the production of microbial cellulase by using Aspergillus oryzae and its application in the treatment of coffee. The cellulase producing method used for microbe medium was in submerged fermentation with malt extract medium. The method used for determining the cellulase activity was spectrophotometry at the wavelength 540 nm with 3,5-DNS reagent to measure the production of reducing sugar (the product of enzymatic reaction). Then, cellulase was applied on green Robusta coffee bean to enhance the extraction of total soluble solids. The result showed that at 6% (v/w) cellulase and 50°C of enzyme treatment, lasting for 24 hours, the extraction of soluble solids was highest at 4.47±0.06°Brix. The efficiency of extraction improved 21.79% compared to the control. This result could be applied in the production of coffee to improve the quality of coffee products.
(C-12)/(C-13) isotope ratio in the local interstellar medium from observations of (C-13)(O-18) in molecular clouds

The 12 C/ 13 C isotope ratio is studied in the solar neighborhood from observations of the 12 C 18 O and 13 C 18 O J=1-0 transitions in four interstellar clouds located within 500 pc. Three of these, B5, B335, and L183 (L134N), are dark clouds not associated with strong H II regions, and the fourth is at a position in Orion A relatively distant from the H II region associated with the KL source. The 12 C/ 13 C ratio in these sources (after corrections for a small amount of radiative trapping) ranges from 57 to 74, and its weighted average is 62±4, with thermal noise and line formation uncertainties contributing about equally to the probable error
Embeddings and compactness for generalized Sobolev–Shubin spaces and modulation spaces

For any appropriate weight function ω, spaces are introduced as counterimage of unweighted modulation spaces through Toeplitz operators with symbol ω. It is proved that the weighted modulation spaces coincide with them when ω is a suitable hypoelliptic symbol. It is furhter proved that a necessary and sufficient condition for the embedding between two modulation spaces to be compact is that the quotient ω2/ω1 vanishes at infinity.
Systemic Loxoscelism, Less Frequent but More Deadly: The Involvement of Phospholipases D in the Pathophysiology of Envenomation

Bites of Loxosceles spiders can lead to a set of clinical manifestations called loxoscelism, and are considered a public health problem in many regions. The signs and symptoms of loxoscelism are divided into cutaneous and systemic forms. The former is more frequent and includes signs of envenoming at the bite site or neighboring regions. Systemic loxoscelism, although much less frequent, is associated with complications, and can even lead to death. It may include intravascular hemolysis, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia. Loxosceles venoms are enriched with phospholipases D (PLDs), which are a family of isoforms found at intra-species and inter-species levels. Under experimental conditions, these enzymes reproduce the main clinical signs of loxoscelism, including an exacerbated inflammatory response at the bite site and dermonecrosis, as well as thrombocytopenia, intravascular hemolysis, and acute renal failure. The role of PLDs in cutaneous loxoscelism was described over forty years ago, when studies identified and purified toxins featured as sphingomyelinase D. More recently, the production of recombinant PLDs and discoveries about their structure and mechanism has enabled a deeper characterization of these enzymes. In this review, we describe these biochemical and functional features of Loxosceles PLDs that determine their involvement in systemic loxoscelism.
The Influence of Transtibial Prosthesis Type on Lower-Body Gait Adaptation: A Case Study

Gait parameters are altered and asymmetrical in individuals with transtibial amputation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of four different prosthetic feet on lower-limb biomechanics during gait. A 34-year-old man with transtibial amputation performed four gait analysis sessions with four foot–ankle prostheses (Variflex, Meridium, Echelon, and Kinterra). Kinematic and kinetic parameters and gait symmetry were analyzed in different prosthetic conditions. The type of prosthesis had little effect on the participant’s spatiotemporal parameters. Throughout the stance phase, increased hip angle, reduced knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion were observed in the amputated leg. For kinetic parameters, reduced propulsive force (SI = 0.42–0.65), reduced knee extension moment (mainly during Echelon and Kinterra conditions, SI = 0.17 and 0.32, respectively), and increased knee abduction moment (mainly during the Variflex and Meridium, SI = 5.74 and 8.93, respectively) were measured in the amputated leg. Lower support moments were observed in the amputated leg as compared to the unaffected leg, regardless of the type of prosthesis (SI = 0.61–0.80). The prostheses tested induced different lower-limb mechanical adaptations. In order to achieve the clinical goal of better gait symmetry between lower limbs, an objective gait analysis could help clinicians to prescribe prosthetic feet based on quantitative measurement indicators to optimize gait rehabilitation.
Intraday Bitcoin price shocks: when bad news is good news

ABSTRACT Since the formulation of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, countless studies have been developed that try to either prove or refute it. Event studies, analysing the impact of different events on asset prices, are one of the most important research fields but there is a lack of evidence on cryptocurrencies. For that reason, we analyse the existence of over- and under- reaction effects on Bitcoin after hourly price shocks defined by filter sizes. We also do this using three alternative approaches. Our results show clear evidence of overreaction after negative shocks. We also observe that these overreactions tend to be greater as more hours pass after the event, with those that occur between 6 and 24 hours after the event being especially important. These results have important economic implications because they show that investors would be able to develop a profitable trading strategy simply by focusing on investing after negative shocks.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections: A Population-Based Study in Phra Lap Sub-District, Mueang Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen Province, Northeastern Thailand

Intestinal parasitic infections are still a crucial problem among communities in Northeast Thailand. Misuse of antiparasitic drugs and unhealthy food behaviors are known. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, behavioral health factors, and motivation for self-treatment of anti-parasitic drugs in this area. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Phra Lap sub-district, Mu Khon Kaen district, Khon Kaen province, Northeast Thailand, in 2016. A total of 419 participants were recruited to complete a self-administered questionnaire and stool examination. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between the risk factor and parasitic infection. Forty-two participants (10%; 95%CI 7.5–13.3) were positive for at least one parasite species. In this community, the most detected intestinal parasite was Opisthorchis viverrini (5.3%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (3.1%). A total of 67.5% of the participants had the experience of anti-parasitic drug treatment within previous 1 year, and “Often eat raw food” was the most common reason for the use of anti-parasitic drugs. On multivariate analysis, parasitic infections were significantly associated with male gender (ORadj. 2.42; 95%CI 1.00–5.85), age ≥ 60 years (ORadj. 7.55; 95%CI 1.60–35.76), and often consuming raw food of at least one type (ORadj. 2.37; 95%CI 1.03–5.44). Given these findings, correction of the dietary habit of eating raw fish/meat, which is the most important measure, and limitation of the use of anthelmintic treatment for individuals with stools positive for ova as well as emphasis on sanitary toilets will be implemented for the prevention and control of parasitic infection in endemic communities.
A Rare Chromosome Rearrangement Leading to de la Chapelle Syndrome with a Mosaic 45,X Cell Line: (46,X,psu dic(X;Y)(p22.13;q11.221)/45,X/45,psu dic(X;Y)(p22.13;q11.221)

Infertility affects about 15% of couples of childbearing age. About half of these cases can be attributed predominantly to a male factor, such as a quantitative or qualitative impairment in spermatogenesis. The first-line genetic screening for non-obstructive azoospermia is limited to karyotyping (to identify chromosome abnormalities) and Y chromosome microdeletions screening, with a view to explaining the spermatogenetic failure and evaluating the likelihood of sperm retrieval in a testicular biopsy. For patients with de la Chapelle syndrome (a 46,XX karyotype with the presence of SRY (Sex determining region Y) gene) and/or Y chromosome microdeletions, or sex chromosome mosaicism, sperm retrieval is usually unsuccessful. Here, we report a patient with de la Chapelle syndrome and a short stature caused by mosaicism and a very rare chromosome rearrangement: mos 46,X,psu dic(X;Y)/45,X/45,psu dic(X;Y). This case indicates that in de la Chapelle syndrome, X- and Y-chromosome breakpoint variability is high.
High-Yield Characterization of Single Molecule Interactions with DeepTipTM Atomic Force Microscopy Probes

Single molecule interactions between biotin and streptavidin were characterized with functionalized DeepTipTM probes and used as a model system to develop a comprehensive methodology for the high-yield identification and analysis of single molecular events. The procedure comprises the covalent binding of the target molecule to a surface and of the sensing molecule to the DeepTipTM probe, so that the interaction between both chemical species can be characterized by obtaining force–displacement curves in an atomic force microscope. It is shown that molecular resolution is consistently attained with a percentage of successful events higher than 90% of the total number of recorded curves, and a very low level of unspecific interactions. The combination of both features is a clear indication of the robustness and versatility of the proposed methodology.
Item parameter estimation via minimum logit chi‐square

The minimum logit chi-square procedure was used in the item parameter estimation stage of the Birnbaum joint estimation paradigm. Simulated item response data for 36 data sets were analysed via this approach. Overall, the results yielded by the minimum chi-square procedure compared very favourably with the results yielded by the LOGIST computer program for these data sets. As would be expected, test length, sample size and match of the test difficulty to the ability of the examinees all had an impact upon the level of agreement of the estimates with the underlying item parameter values. The empirical results suggest that in this context the minimum logit-square procedure yields acceptable item parameter estimates.
FINITE ELEMENTS FOR THREE-MODE INTERACTION IN BUCKLING ANALYSIS

SUMMARY This paper presents a finite element formulation for the buckling mode interaction analysis of structures modelled as plate assemblies. The main assumptions are linear elasticity, a linear fundamental path, the existence of distinct critical states that.are coincident or near coincident, and a coupled path arising from a linear combination of modal displacements due to interaction. The formulation adopted is known as the W-formulation, in which the energy is written in terms of a sliding set ofincremental co-ordinates measured with respect to the fundamental path. The energy is then expressed with respect to a reduced modal co-ordinate basis and the coupled solution arising from interaction is computed. An example of a fibre­ reinforced composite I-beam subjected to axial compression illustrates the procedure. The results are compared to a simplified model developed by the authors. Also, an imperfection sensitivity analysis is performed.
VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF ARBITRARILY SHAPED MEMBRANES USING NON-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC INFLUENCE FUNCTION

Abstract In the present study, a theoretical formulation based on the collocation method is presented for the vibration analysis of arbitrarily shaped membranes. The mathematical relation between the two points of selected collocation points is given by a special function, the so-called non-dimensional dynamic influence function. Unlike the collocation methods in the literature, approximate functions used in this paper are simple, one-dimensional functions of which the only independent variable is the distance between the two points. The function is also a wave-type solution that satisfies exactly the given governing differential equation and physically describes the displacement reponse of a point in an infinite membrane due to a unit displacement excited at another point. The approximate solution is obtained by linear superposition of non-dimensional dynamic influence functions, and then boundary conditions are applied at the discrete points. The system matrix is always symmetric regardless of the boundary shape of the membrane, and the calculated eigenvalues rapidly converge to the exact values thanks to the special function employed in this study. Moreover, the method gives the associated mode shapes successfully without using interpolation functions between the boundary nodes. The validity and efficiency of the method proposed in this paper are illustrated through several numerical examples.