Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-world utilization of the pill-in-the-pocket method for terminating episodes of atrial fibrillation: data from the multinational Antiarrhythmic Interventions for Managing Atrial Fibrillation (AIM-AF) survey

Abstract Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Episodes may stop spontaneously (paroxysmal AF); may terminate only via intervention (persistent AF); or may persist indefinitely (permanent AF) (see European and American guidelines, referenced below, for more precise definitions). Recently, there has been renewed interest in an approach to terminate AF acutely referred to as ‘pill-in-the-pocket’ (PITP). The PITP is recognized in both the US and European guidelines as an effective option using an oral antiarrhythmic drug for acute conversion of acute/recent-onset AF. However, how PITP is currently used has not been systematically evaluated. Methods and results The recently published Antiarrhythmic Interventions for Managing Atrial Fibrillation (AIM-AF) survey included questions regarding current PITP usage, stratified by US vs. European countries surveyed, by representative countries within Europe, and by cardiologists vs. electrophysiologists. This manuscript presents the data from this planned sub-study. Our survey revealed that clinicians in both the USA and Europe consider PITP in about a quarter of their patients, mostly for recent-onset AF with minimal or no structural heart disease (guideline appropriate). However, significant deviations exist. See the Graphical abstract for a summary of the data. Conclusion Our findings highlight the frequent use of PITP and the need for further physician education about appropriate and optimal use of this strategy.
Phellodendronoside A Exerts Anticancer Effects Depending on Inducing Apoptosis Through ROS/Nrf2/Notch Pathway and Modulating Metabolite Profiles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose To reveal the potential mechanism of PDA on hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. Methods The cytotoxic activity, colony formation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and their associated protein analysis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ levels, proteins in Nrf2 and Ntoch pathways and metabolite profiles of PDA against hepatocellular carcinoma were investigated. Results PDA with cytotoxic activity inhibited cell proliferation and migration, increased intracellular ROS, Ca2+ levels and MCUR1 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner, caused cell cycle arrest in the S phase and induced apoptosis via adjusting the levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase 3 proteins, and inhibited the activation of Notch1, Jagged, Hes1, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins. Metabonomics data showed that PDA significantly regulated 144 metabolite levels tend to be normal level, especially carnitine derivatives, bile acid metabolites associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, and mainly enriched in ABC transporter, arginine and proline metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, Notch signaling pathway, etc, and proved that PDA markedly adjusted Notch signaling pathway. Conclusion PDA exhibited the proliferation inhibition of SMMC-7721 cells by inhibiting ROS/Nrf2/Notch signaling pathway and significantly affected the metabolic profile, suggesting PDA could be a potential therapeutic agent for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
The Positive Predictive Value of Pediatric Stroke Diagnoses in Administrative Data: A Retrospective Validation Study

Background This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine the positive predictive value (PPV) of pediatric stroke diagnoses in the Danish National Registry of Patients (DNRP) and the impact of different stroke definitions on the PPV. Methods We included children registered with a stroke or stroke-related diagnosis in the DNRP between January 2017 through December 2020. Two assessors reviewed medical records and validated cases according to the American Heart and American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) stroke definition. The level of interrater agreement was examined using kappa statistics. Validation by the AHA/ASA definition was compared with validation according to the definition in the International Classification of Disease 11th version (ICD-11) and the World Health Organization’s definition. Results Stroke was confirmed in 120 of 309 included children, yielding an overall PPV of 0.39 (95% CI: 0.33–0.45). PPV varied across stroke subtypes from 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71–0.92) for ischemic stroke (AIS), 0.57 (95% CI: 0.37–0.76) for unspecified stroke, 0.42 (95% CI: 0.33–0.52) for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) to 0.31 (95% CI: 0.55–0.98) and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.01–0.22) for cerebral venous thrombosis and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), respectively. Most non-confirmed ICH and SAH diagnoses were in children with traumatic intracranial hemorrhages (36 and 66% respectively). Among 70 confirmed AIS cases, 25 (36%) were identified in non-AIS code groups. PPV varied significantly across stroke definitions with the highest for the AHA/ASA definition (PPV = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.34–0.45) and the lowest for the WHO definition (PPV = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.24–0.34). Correspondingly, the incidence of pediatric AIS per 100.000 person-years changed from 1.5 for the AHA/ASA definition to 1.2 for ICD-11 and 1.0 for the WHO-definition. The overall interrater agreement was considered excellent (κ=0.85). Conclusion After validation, stroke was confirmed in only half of the children registered in the DNRP with a stroke-specific diagnosis. Non-validated administrative data should be used with caution in pediatric stroke research. Pediatric stroke incidence rates may vary markedly depending on which stroke definition is used.
Coupled radiative convective equilibrium simulations with explicit and parameterized convection

Radiative convective equilibrium has been applied in past studies to various models given its simplicity and analogy to the tropical climate. At convection‐permitting resolution, the focus has been on the organization of convection that appears when using fixed sea surface temperature (SST). Here the SST is allowed to freely respond to the surface energy. The goals are to examine and understand the resulting transient behavior, equilibrium state, and perturbations thereof, as well as to compare these results to a simulation integrated with parameterized cloud and convection. Analysis shows that the coupling between the SST and the net surface energy acts to delay the onset of self‐aggregation and may prevent it, in our case, for a slab ocean of less than 1 m. This is so because SST gradients tend to oppose the shallow low‐level circulation that is associated with the self‐aggregation of convection. Furthermore, the occurrence of self‐aggregation is found to be necessary for reaching an equilibrium state and avoiding a greenhouse‐like climate. In analogy to the present climate, the self‐aggregation generates the dry and clear subtropics that allow the system to efficiently cool. In contrast, strong shortwave cloud radiative effects, much stronger than at convection‐permitting resolution, prevent the simulation with parameterized cloud and convection to fall into a greenhouse state. The convection‐permitting simulations also suggest that cloud feedbacks, as arising when perturbing the equilibrium state, may be very different, and in our case less negative, than what emerges from general circulation models.
Effect of preterm birth on growth and blood pressure in adulthood in the Pelotas 1993 cohort

Abstract Background Preterm birth has been associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in adulthood, attributed to cardiovascular and metabolic alterations in early life. However, there is paucity of evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We investigated the differences between preterm (<37 weeks gestational age) and term-born individuals in birth length and weight as well as adult (18 and 20 years) height, weight and blood pressure in the Brazilian 1993 Pelotas birth cohort using linear regressions. Analyses were adjusted for the maternal weight at the beginning of pregnancy and maternal education and family income at childbirth. Additional models were adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and birthweight. Separate analyses were run for males and females. The complete sample was analysed with an interaction term for sex. Results Of the 3585 babies included at birth, 3010 were followed up in adulthood at 22 years. Preterm participants had lower length and weight at birth. This difference remained for male participants in adulthood, but female participants were no shorter than their term counterparts by 18 years of age. At 22 years, females born preterm had lower blood pressures (systolic blood pressure −1.00 mmHg, 95%CI −2.7, 0.7 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure −1.1 mmHg, 95%CI −2.4, 0.3 mmHg) than females born at term. These differences were not found in male participants. Conclusions In this Brazilian cohort we found contrasting results regarding the association of preterm birth with blood pressure in young adulthood, which may be unique to an LMIC.
Patient-reported Outcome of Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in Patients diagnosed from a Tertiary Care Center in Kerala: A 1-year Follow-up Study.

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus had a huge burden on asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic persons who may have only briefly been associated with healthcare delivery systems during their illness. The knowledge about patient perception of disease outcomes is important in deciding future programs for dealing with pandemics in the community. MATERIALS AND METHODS The objectives of the study were to determine patient-reported outcomes (PROs) 30 days and 1 year after the initial diagnosis of mild COVID-19 infection and to determine any factors associated with PROs. Patients who attended the fever screening clinic and were diagnosed with mild COVID-19 infection were contacted telephonically as they completed 30 days after their initial diagnosis, and their responses to the EuroQoL five-dimensions 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire were recorded. The patients were again contacted 1 year after the initial diagnosis and the same process was repeated. FINDINGS A total of 237 patients were contacted telephonically and 167 patients responded to the call. The domain most affected at 30 days was usual activities, and at 1 year, it was anxiety and depression. The mean utility score at 30 days was 0.9347 and at 1 year was 0.9801. The factors associated with worse utility scores were age >45 years and comorbidities. INTERPRETATION There is a significant proportion of patients who had restrictions in performing their usual activities 30 days after a mild COVID-19 infection, whereas the domain which showed the least improvement after 1 year was anxiety or depression. Even mild COVID-19 infection had an impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of people with the elderly and those with comorbidities affected more.
Astaxanthin prevents osteoarthritis by blocking Rspo2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chondrocytes and abolishing Rspo2-related inflammatory factors in macrophages

Chondrocyte degeneration and classically activated macrophage (AM)-related inflammation play critical roles in osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we explored the effects of astaxanthin and Rspo2 on OA in vitro and in vivo. We observed that the Rspo2 gene was markedly elevated in synovial tissues of OA patients compared with healthy controls. In 2D cultures, Rspo2 and inflammatory factors were enhanced in AMs compared with nonactivated macrophages (NMs), and the protein expression levels of Rspo2, β-catenin, and inflammatory factors were increased, and anabolic markers were reduced in osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OACs) compared to normal chondrocytes (NCs). Astaxanthin reversed these changes in AMs and OACs. Furthermore, Rspo2 shRNA significantly abolished inflammatory factors and elevated anabolic markers in OACs. In NCs cocultured with AM, and in OACs cocultured with AMs or NMs, astaxanthin reversed these changes in these coculture systems and promoted secretion of Rspo2, β-catenin and inflammatory factors and suppressed anabolic markers compared to NCs or OACs cultured alone. In AMs, coculture with NCs resulted in a slight elevation of Rspo2 and AM-related genes, but not protein expression, compared to culture alone, but when cocultured with OACs, these inflammatory mediators were significantly enhanced at both the gene and protein levels. Astaxanthin reversed these changes in all the groups. In vivo, we observed a deterioration in cartilage quality after intra-articular injection of Rspo2 associated with medial meniscus (DMM)-induced instability in the OA group, and astaxanthin was protective in these groups. Our results collectively revealed that astaxanthin attenuated the process of OA by abolishing Rspo2 both in vitro and in vivo.
Upper bound limit analysis using finite elements and linear programming

This paper describes a technique for computing rigorous upper bounds on limit loads under conditions of plane strain. The method assumes a perfectly plastic soil model, which is either purely cohesive or cohesive-frictional, and employs finite elements in conjunction with the upper bound theorem of classical plasticity theory. The computational procedure uses three-noded triangular elements with the unknown velocities as the nodal variables. An additional set of unknowns, the plastic multiplier rates, is associated with each element. Kinematically admissible velocity discontinuities are permitted along specified planes within the grid. The finite element formulation of the upper bound theorem leads to a classical linear programming problem where the objective function, which is to be minimized, corresponds to the dissipated power and is expressed in terms of the velocities and plastic multiplier rates. The unknowns are subject to a set of linear constraints arising from the imposition of the flow rule and velocity boundary conditions. It is shown that the upper bound optimization problem may be solved efficiently by applying an active set algorithm to the dual linear programming problem. Since the computed velocity field satisfies all the conditions of the upper bound theorem, the corresponding limit load is a strict upper bound on the true limit load. Other advantages include the ability to deal with complicated loading, complex geometry and a variety of boundary conditions. Several examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the procedure.
Asthma self-efficacy scale for teachers: psychometric properties of the Turkish version

Abstract Objective Asthma is common among Turkish schoolchildren, and teachers thus have considerable responsibility for asthma management in schools. However, there is no valid and reliable instrument to evaluate teachers’ asthma management self-efficacy in schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Asthma Self-Efficacy Scale (ASE-T) among elementary school teachers. Methods This methodological study included 216 elementary school teachers. The reliability of the ASE-T was expressed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and item-total score correlations. The validity of the scale was examined via confirmatory factor analysis, item analysis, and the content validity index. Results The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.70, and the item-total score correlations ranged between 0.24 and 0.57. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis determined the model fit indices to be χ2/df = 1.461, RMSEA = 0.046, GFI = 0.94, AGFI = 0.91, NNFI = 0.98, and CFI = 0.92. The item analysis results revealed the differences between teachers with low and high levels of self-efficacy. Conclusion The results indicated the usefulness of the ASE-T for Turkish teachers. It is essential to determine teachers’ competence in asthma management in order to improve their performance in school settings.
Frequency spectra evolution of two-dimensional focusing wave groups in finite depth water

Abstract An experimental and numerical study of the evolution of frequency spectra of dispersive focusing wave groups in a two-dimensional wave tank is presented. Investigations of both non-breaking and breaking wave groups are performed. It is found that dispersive focusing is far more than linear superposition, and that it undergoes strongly nonlinear processes. For non-breaking wave groups, as the wave groups propagate spatial evolution of wave frequency spectra, spectral bandwidth, surface elevation skewness, and kurtosis are examined. Nonlinear energy transfer between the above-peak ($f/ {f}_{p} = 1. 2{{\ndash}}1. 5$) and the higher-frequency ($f/ {f}_{p} = 1. 5\text{{\ndash}} 2. 5$) regions, with ${f}_{p} $ being the spectral peak frequency, is demonstrated by tracking the energy level of the components in the focusing and defocusing process. Also shown is the nonlinear energy transfer to the lower-frequency components that cannot be detected easily by direct comparisons of the far upstream and downstream measurements. Energy dissipation in the spectral peak region ($f/ {f}_{p} = 0. 9\text{{\ndash}} 1. 1$) and the energy gain in the higher-frequency region ($f/ {f}_{p} = 1. 5\text{{\ndash}} 2. 5$) are quantified, and exhibit a dependence on the Benjamin–Feir Index (BFI). In the presence of wave breaking, the spectral bandwidth reduces as much as 40 % immediately following breaking and eventually becomes much smaller than its initial level. Energy levels in different frequency regions are examined. It is found that, before wave breaking onset, a large amount of energy is transferred from the above-peak region ($f/ {f}_{p} = 1. 2\text{{\ndash}} 1. 5$) to the higher frequencies ($f/ {f}_{p} = 1. 5\text{{\ndash}} 2. 5$), where energy is dissipated during the breaking events. It is demonstrated that the energy gain in the lower-frequency region is at least partially due to nonlinear energy transfer prior to wave breaking and that wave breaking may not necessarily increase the energy in this region. Complementary numerical studies for breaking waves are conducted using an eddy viscosity model previously developed by the current authors. It is demonstrated that the predicted spectral change after breaking agrees well with the experimental measurements.
Terson syndrome secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a child: illustrative case

BACKGROUND Terson syndrome is the phenomenon of intraocular hemorrhage in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Vision loss can lead to morbidity for the affected individual. Aneurysmal SAH related to intracranial aneurysms is rare in children. Studies have shown the incidence of Terson syndrome in adults with aneurysmal SAH to be over 40%; however, few cases of Terson syndrome in pediatric aneurysmal SAH have been reported. OBSERVATIONS A 9-year-old male presented with altered mental status and seizures. Computed tomographic angiography showed aneurysmal SAH from a ruptured, left-sided posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm. The patient underwent endovascular treatment with coiling and external ventricular drainage for SAH. Ophthalmological consultation for blurry vision revealed the diagnosis of Terson syndrome with decreased vision in the left eye, which was managed conservatively. LESSONS Terson syndrome after SAH can occur in children. Prompt ophthalmological evaluation in pediatric patients with aneurysmal SAH is vital for recognition and management to decrease overall morbidity.
Competitive interactions with Aedes albopictus alter the nutrient content of Aedes aegypti

Competition is often cited as a central force that affects the distribution and performance of organisms. Ecological stoichiometry is the balance of elements within animal bodies that can be affected by resource acquisition and processing, as well as by intra‐ or interspecific interactions. Though relatively underexplored for mosquitoes, stoichiometry may provide a wealth of information linking ecological interactions to body nutrient content, and potentially on to pathogen transmission. Detritus, which often varies in nutrient content, forms the base of the food web within the small aquatic habitats occupied by larval mosquitoes, and detrital nutrient content can alter mosquito growth, survival, and population growth. The invasive mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) interact as larvae in aquatic systems, often altering their adult populations. Herein, we investigated how different detritus combinations as well as how intra‐ and interspecific densities of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti would affect coexistence; we also measured how nutrient composition (carbon and nitrogen) and stoichiometry (C:N) of adults would vary with those interactions. Ae. albopictus survival, population growth, and stoichiometry were not affected by intra‐ or interspecific competition; nutrient values did vary with detritus ratios. However, Ae. aegypti nutrient content and stoichiometry and survival were negatively affected within the lowest nutrient environments in the presence of Ae. albopictus, but in the highest nutrient environments, both species showed high survival rates and population growth. This is the first study to show that adult mosquito body nutrients can be altered by interspecific interactions, and as nutrient content in adults has been linked to pathogen transmission, it provides a novel role of competition in affecting disease dynamics.
Estimation of stature from hand and phalange length.

Personal identification is an integral part of the investigation in cases of mass disasters where disintegrated and amputated body organs are found very frequently. Plastic and latent fingerprints and palm prints are also available very commonly at most of the scene of crime. Estimating stature from various parameters based on the above mentioned evidences becomes one of the most important and essential exercise for personal identification. In present paper, study on stature estimation from hand and phalanges length has been reported.
The adjoint sensitivity of heavy rainfall to initial conditions in debris flow areas in China

By studying three heavy rainfall events that were accompanied by debris flows in southwestern China, we find that 24‐h accumulated rainfall is most sensitive to the initial temperature. The sensitivities to wind, surface pressure, and specific humidity are generally smaller. Moreover, the upper levels of the atmosphere are identified as the sensitive levels, and the sensitive areas are the areas with heavy rainfall. These results suggest that local temperature perturbations in the upper levels are a signal of short‐term heavy rainfall in southwestern China. A validation experiment is carried out to justify the sensitivity results. The possible reasons are discussed and analyzed.
Development and validation of a first principles fluid-thermal multi-physics solver for hypersonic boundary layer heat transfer problems

= density u = velocity, = (u; v; w) p = thermodynamic pressure T = thermodynamic temperature E = total energy, = e+ 1 2 uiui e = internal energy, = p=( 1) = stress tensor, ij = (@ui=@xj + @uj=@xi) + @uk=@xk ij S = source c = speci c heat capacity = gas ratio of speci c heats, = Cp=Cv k = thermal conductivity ; = rst and second coe cients of uid viscosity qj = uid heat ux vector, = k@T=@xj x = spatial coordinates, = (x; y; z) = computational coordinates, = ( ; ; ) t = time = convergence value