Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Seasonality and Life-History Traits of the Coastal Darter, Etheostoma colorosum (Pisces: Percidae), from the Escambia River Drainage of Florida

Abstract - I took samples of Etheostoma colorosum (Coastal Darter) from Canoe Creek, a tributary to the Escambia River in northwest Florida. Examination of ovaries from female darters showed reproduction (presence of clutch-bearing females) occurred from January into June 1989, with the greatest activity (percentage of clutch-bearing females) occurring mid-February to early May. Females begin reproducing at age 1 and can live 2 years. During the height of the reproductive season, females measuring 27–42 mm standard length produced clutches of 5–69 eggs. Clutch size, adjusted for female length, was greater mid-season in March than in February or April and May. Mature oocytes averaged 1.06 mm diameter, mean ripening oocyte diameter was 1.12 mm, and mean ripe egg diameter was 1.22 mm.
Circatidal rhythmic behaviour in the coastal tiger beetle Callytron inspecularis in Japan

Abstract Larvae of the coastal tiger beetle Callytron inspecularis (W. Horn) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) plug their burrow opening before submergence at high tide. Field observations showed that burrow plugging was a rhythmic behaviour that coincided with the tidal cycle (ca. 12.4 h). On average, larvae plugged their burrows 41.8 min before the tide covered the habitat. The mean interval between consecutive burrow-plugging events in the field was 12.40 h. In the laboratory, in the absence of tidal inundation, the mean interval between consecutive burrow-plugging events was 12.45 h. This suggests that the burrow-plugging rhythm of the coastal tiger beetle is governed by an endogenous circatidal rhythm.
α-l-Fucosidases: Exoglycosidases with Unusual Transglycosylation Properties

α-l-Fucosidases (EC 3.2.1.51), the only members of the CAZy family GH-29, are widespread glycosidases involved in many biological processes including inflammation, metastasis, and the lysosomal storage disease fucosidosis. Despite their biological significance, information concerning the mechanism of α-l-fucosidases has only recently become available. In an attempt to obtain further data concerning their mechanism, we have investigated the hydrolytic and transglycosylation properties of a canine and a mollusk (Pecten maximus) α-l-fucosidase. Our results show that, despite the evolutionary distance between these two species, both enzymes have similar hydrolysis and transglycosylation properties. Surprisingly, we found that, starting from monosaccharides, these exoglycosidases were able to catalyze efficiently the synthesis of highly branched fuco-oligosaccharides as large as tetrasaccharides, a unique feature for a wild-type exoglycosidase. The structural analysis of the compounds formed revealed that the .
Acute Zinc Toxicity to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Confirmation of the Hypothesis that Death is Related to Tissue Hypoxia

Acute heavy metal toxicity to fish has been attributed to the coagulation or precipitation of mucus on the gills and/or to cytological damage to the gills. The physiological mechanism of death by either of the above causes is related to a breakdown in gas exchange at the gills. This study of acute zinc toxicity to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) supports an earlier hypothesis that modification of the gas exchange process at the gills creates hypoxia at the tissue level. Tissue hypoxia appears to be a major physiological change preceding death once the gas exchange process at the gills is no longer sufficient to supply the oxygen requirements of the fish.
Stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios in riparian food webs on rivers receiving sewage and pulp-mill effluents

We examined spatial trends in ratios of stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N), carbon (δ13C), and sulfur (δ34S) in riparian food webs leading to a riparian, insectivorous bird species, the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), on rivers receiving pulp-mill effluent and municipal sewage and compared them with ratios of these isotopes in components of the effluents themselves. The study was conducted on two rivers in western Canada at sites upstream and downstream from sewage and pulp mill effluent sources. Municipal sewage contained materials with δ15N or δ13C values that were distinct from background conditions in the receiving environment. Pulp-mill effluent contained materials with δ34S values that were distinct from those at upstream sites on the rivers. At both locations, effluent-derived nitrogen and sulfur were observed in algae and suspended sediments at sites downstream from the effluent sources. This was also observed in adult aquatic insects, the one exception being that uptake of effluent-derived ni.
On improving the accuracy of digital hemispherical photography measurements of seasonal leaf area index variation in deciduous broadleaf forests

Optical methods have been widely used to estimate seasonal changes of the leaf area index (LAI) in forest stands because they are convenient and effective; however, their accuracy in deciduous broadleaf forests has rarely been evaluated. We estimate the seasonal changes in the LAI by combining periodic observations of leaf area variation with litter collection (LAIdir) in deciduous broadleaf forests and use these estimates to evaluate the accuracy of optical LAI measurements made using digital hemispherical photography (DHP). We also propose a method to correct DHP-derived LAI (LAIDHP) values for seasonal changes in major factors that influence the determination of LAI, including the woody to total area ratio (α), the element clumping index (ΩE, using three different methods), and the photographic exposure setting (E). Before these corrections were made, LAIDHP underestimates LAIdir by 14%–55% from 21 May to 1 October but overestimates it by 78% on 12 May and by 226% on 11 October. Although pronounced dif.
Reassessment of historic ‘microsaurs’ from Joggins, Nova Scotia, reveals hidden diversity in the earliest amniote ecosystem

‘Microsaurs’ are traditionally considered to be lepospondyl non‐amniotes, but recent analyses have recovered a subset of ‘microsaurs’, the fossorially adapted Recumbirostra, within Amniota. This novel conclusion highlights the need for additional work to evaluate these competing hypotheses with the aim of refining the phylogenetic position of ‘microsaurs’. Of particular importance in this regard is the placement of potential close relatives of recumbirostrans to determine whether they support an early, stepwise acquisition of the derived morphology seen in recumbirostrans for a fossorial lifestyle, or whether this morphology is the result of evolutionary convergence. Asaphestera intermedia is part of a diverse ‘microsaur’ assemblage preserved at the famous Pennsylvanian Joggins locality in Nova Scotia, Canada. As part of a broader exploration of ‘microsaur’ taxonomy, we find that the material assigned to this taxon is a composite of a synapsid (herein Asaphestera platyris), indeterminate tetrapod material named ‘Hylerpeton’ intermedium (a nomen dubium not referable to Hylerpeton), and the newly recognized recumbirostran Steenerpeton silvae gen. et sp. nov. Further, Archerpeton anthracos from the same site must at present be considered a nomen dubium and may or may not be a ‘microsaur’. Recognition of Asaphestera platyris as a synapsid provides the earliest unambiguous evidence of ‘mammal‐like reptiles’ in the fossil record.
Effects of stocking density and food deprivation-related stress on the physiology and growth in adult Scortum barcoo (McCulloch & Waite)

Two consecutive experiments were conducted to investigate the physiological responses of Jade perch (Scortom barcoo) to different stocking densities over a 30-day period and to stress resulting from food deprivation over a 10-day period. Groups of Jade perch were reared in recirculating tanks at three stocking densities (120, 180 and 270 fish m−3). Fish were weighed and blood samples were taken at the beginning of the experiment (P1) and after 30 days (P2). Feeding was then stopped and fish were sampled again 10 days later (P3). Blood samples were analysed for serum level of cortisol (COR), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), lysozyme (LYS) activity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Significant changes were observed in average body weight and serum COR, TG, LYS and ALP activity in response to stocking density. No significant difference was found between stocking density treatments concerning the serum TP and GLU. The results showed that fish performed better at a stocking density of 180 fish m−3. Food deprivation for 10 days resulted in significant changes in ALP activity and LYS activity, TP and GLU concentrations and final average body weight but not in COR and TG levels.
Relationship between the Southern Oscillation Index and Australian sugarcane yields

This study examines the relationship between the Southern Oscillation Index and the sugarcane yield anomalies at 27 mills in north-eastern Australia (Queensland) for the period 1950-1989. The major results of this work indicate that the SO1 alone seems to have only a limited value as predictor of total sugarcane yields over large areas (i.e. the whole of Queensland). However, on a smaller scale, the SO1 appears to be a useful indicator of yields for the northern sugarcane districts. In these northern areas, the highest correlations with the SO1 are reached during the southern hemisphere spring and summer months 6 to 11 months prior to the harvest. They are negative and explain about 40% of the total variance. They also suggest that a positive SO1 during the spring and summer months tends to be followed by lower-than-normal yields at the following harvest and vice versa. This signal is rather robust and withstands rigorous significance testing. Moreover, it appears that the relationship between the SO1 and the sugarcane yields has been relatively strong and stable for the past 40 years, but weakened substantially during the 1930-1940 period.
BAFF et al.: novel members of the TNF ligand and receptor families as therapeutic targets

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family ligands and their corresponding receptors play important roles in the immune system, where they regulate lymphoid organ development and influence immune cell proliferation, differentiation, activation and death. Several TNF family members, including TNF-α and CD154, have already provided valuable therapeutic targets for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Over the past three years, a new subfamily of TNF-related ligands/receptors, which also plays a role in immunity, has been discovered by sequence-homology database searches. This subfamily, which appears to be particularly important in B cell immunity, includes two ligands termed B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and at least three receptors: B cell maturation protein (BCMA) and transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), which bind both ligands, and BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), which binds only BAFF. Besides promoting the survival of B cells and regulating their proliferation and differentiation in collaboration with signals from the B cell antigen receptor, BAFF and APRIL may modulate T cell activation and APRIL may also act as an autocrine growth factor for certain tumour cells. There is evidence that overproduction of BAFF in mice results in a B cell-mediated autoimmune syndrome resembling systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and that elevated levels of this cytokine are associated with SLE and rheumatoid arthritis in humans. The discovery of this novel ligand/receptor network has provided novel insights into the mechanisms of immunoregulation. Most importantly, it offers the opportunity for developing novel treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, lymphoma and cancer. The prospect of exploiting this new information for therapeutic purposes has generated a flurry of recent patent applications that are discussed here.
Knowledge of language: its elements and origins

My approach to the study of language is based on the assumption that knowledge of language can be properly characterized by means of a generative grammar, i.e. a system of rules and principles that assigns structural descriptions to linguistic expressions. On this view, the basic concepts are those of ‘grammar’ and ‘knowledge of grammar’. The concepts of language’ and ‘knowledge of language’ are derivative: they involve a higher level of abstraction from psychological mechanisms and raise additional (though not necessarily important) problems. Of central concern, from this point of view, will be to determine the biological endowment that makes it possible for a grammar of the required sort to develop in human beings provided that they are exposed to some appropriate body of experience. This biological endowment may be regarded as a function that maps a body of experience into a particular grammar. The function itself is commonly referred to as universal grammar (u.g.) and can be expressed, in part, as a system of principles that determine the class of accessible particular grammars and their properties. Recent work suggests that u.g. consists, on the one hand, of a theory of so-called core grammar and, on the other, of a theory of permissible extensions and modifications of core grammar. Given the intricate internal structure of u.g. , it can account for the superficially highly diverse grammars and languages that do in fact exist. Thus, what appear to be quite different systems of knowledge may arise from relatively little experience. A number of subsystems of u.g. have now been explored, each with its distinctive properties and possibilities of variation. Some current proposals concerning these systems are sketched, and some consequences considered with regard to the nature and acquisition of cognitive systems (including systems of knowledge) more generally.
Training Programme for Professional Nurses who Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Increasing urbanisation and rising unhealthy lifestyle risk factors are contributing to a growing diabetes epidemic worldwide. South Africa like many other countries is continually reporting an increase in the prevalence of diabetes. Education and training play an essential role in the provision of the quality of patient care. In this study, a conceptual framework based on the practice-oriented theory by Dickoff, James, and Wiedenbach was used to develop the training programme for professional nurses who care for patients with diabetes. The aim of this article was to describe a conceptual framework which guided the development of a training programme for the professional nurses who care for patients with diabetes. A mixed-method research design was used. The accessible population for this study consisted of professional nurses who care for patients with diabetes in the three Ga-Dikgale village clinics that are situated in the Limpopo province of South Africa. Purposive sampling was used. Both semi-structured and structured interviews were used to collect data for this study. Diverse levels of knowledge among professional nurses were identified where some professional nurses lack knowledge while others have knowledge related to diabetes. A lack of continuous training on care of patients with diabetes was also identified. Challenges related to patients’ socio-economic status, inadequate knowledge about diabetes, misconceptions, denial, and a lack of resources for patient care that leads to poor treatment outcomes led to a framework for a context-specific training programme. There is a need for a context-specific training programme for professional nurses who care for patients with diabetes which could improve patient care.
The Relationship Between Queer Identity, Social Connection, School Bullying, and Suicidal Ideations Among Youth of Color

Abstract Queer youth, and specifically queer youth of color (YOC), identified in this study as Hispanic/Latinx and African American/Black youth, disproportionately experience suicidal ideations (SI). The nexus of limited social support and school bullying exacerbates the effect on SI among these youth. Using data from a larger Drug-Free Communities grant initiative among YOC (N = 687; 65.6% youth aged 16–18 years; 53% female; 16% queer [i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual and queer]) this study examined: (1) the mediating role of school bullying between queer identity status and SI and (2) both the mediating and moderating roles of family, social supports, and school importance on the initial mediating model. Findings from this study provide implications that may help prepare counselors to intervene across contexts.
MS-RRFSegNet: Multiscale Regional Relation Feature Segmentation Network for Semantic Segmentation of Urban Scene Point Clouds

Semantic segmentation is one of the fundamental tasks in understanding and applying urban scene point clouds. Recently, deep learning has been introduced to the field of point cloud processing. However, compared to images that are characterized by their regular data structure, a point cloud is a set of unordered points, which makes semantic segmentation a challenge. Consequently, the existing deep learning methods for semantic segmentation of point cloud achieve less success than those applied to images. In this article, we propose a novel method for urban scene point cloud semantic segmentation using deep learning. First, we use homogeneous supervoxels to reorganize raw point clouds to effectively reduce the computational complexity and improve the nonuniform distribution. Then, we use supervoxels as basic processing units, which can further expand receptive fields to obtain more descriptive contexts. Next, a sparse autoencoder (SAE) is presented for feature embedding representations of the supervoxels. Subsequently, we propose a regional relation feature reasoning module (RRFRM) inspired by relation reasoning network and design a multiscale regional relation feature segmentation network (MS-RRFSegNet) based on the RRFRM to semantically label supervoxels. Finally, the supervoxel-level inferences are transformed into point-level fine-grained predictions. The proposed framework is evaluated in two open benchmarks (Paris-Lille-3D and Semantic3D). The evaluation results show that the proposed method achieves competitive overall performance and outperforms other related approaches in several object categories. An implementation of our method is available at: https://github.com/HiphonL/MS_RRFSegNet.
Case Report: Successful Rescue Therapy of Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Osteomyelitis With Cefiderocol

Abstract Cefiderocol is a novel catechol siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic developed to treat resistant gram-negative infections. We describe its successful use as rescue therapy, combined with surgical debridement, to treat a patient with osteomyelitis due to extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Bacterial whole-genome sequencing identified the strain and antibiotic resistance determinants.
Can a professional learning community facilitate teacher well-being in China? The mediating role of teaching self-efficacy

ABSTRACT Previous studies have indicated that teacher well-being (TWB) should have substantial benefits for both individuals and organisations. This study explored the relationship between the professional learning community (PLC) and TWB from the perspective of the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. Informed by self-efficacy theory, the present study further investigated whether the PLC-TWB relationship was mediated by teaching self-efficacy (TSE). Survey data were gathered from 844 teachers from 28 schools in one province of southeastern China. The results showed that each of the six PLC components was positively related to teachers’ hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. The association between the PLC and TWB was confirmed to be mediated by TSE. Our study not only highlighted the importance of the PLC on TWB in China, but also provided insights into the mechanism of the PLC-TWB relationship through the lens of TSE. Implications for research and practice were discussed.
Efeitos na cultura do trigo da rotação com milho e adubos verdes, na presença e na ausência de adubação nitrogenada

This trial was carried out at Selviria county, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, on allic, dark red, clayey latosol. The mean yearly is about 1,370 mm and temperature is 23.5oC. The rainfall goal was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of a soil where corn and green manure were incorporated, with or without N fertilization (35 kg.ha-1) and their effects on wheat crop. The wheat positive response was greater with lab lab and velvet bean in single crop, but there was no response to N fertilization when the crop residues were incorporated to the soil. Physical and chemical properties of the soil were not affected by the treatments.
Phase stabilities of 
MgCO3
 and 
MgCO3
-II studied by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculations

Carbonates are the major hosts of carbon on Earth's surface and their fate during subduction needs to be known to understand the deep carbon cycle. Magnesite (${\mathrm{MgCO}}_{3}$) is thought to be an important phase participating in deep Earth processes, but its phase stability is still a matter of debate for the conditions prevalent in the lowest part of the mantle and at the core mantle boundary. Here, we have studied the phase relations and stabilities of ${\mathrm{MgCO}}_{3}$ at these $P,T$ conditions, using Raman spectroscopy at high pressures ($\ensuremath{\sim}148\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$) and after heating to high temperatures ($\ensuremath{\sim}3600\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$) in laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments. The experimental Raman experiments were supplemented by x-ray powder diffraction data, obtained at a pressure of 110 GPa. Density-functional-theory-based model calculations were used to compute Raman spectra for several ${\mathrm{MgCO}}_{3}$ high-pressure polymorphs, thus allowing an unambiguous assignment of Raman modes. By combining the experimental observations with the density-functional-theory results, we constrain the phase stability field of ${\mathrm{MgCO}}_{3}$ with respect to the high-pressure polymorph, ${\mathrm{MgCO}}_{3}$-II. We further confirm that Fe-free ${\mathrm{MgCO}}_{3}$-II is a tetracarbonate with monoclinic symmetry (space group $C2/m$), which is stable over the entire $P,T$ range of the Earth's lowermost mantle geotherm.
Estimating breast height diameter and volume from stump diameter for three economically important species in Turkey

Abstract Predicting volume directly from stump dimensions is useful in many situations, such as timber trespass. In the present study, equations for predicting diameter at breast height (dbh) and tree volume from stump diameter outside bark were developed for three economically important tree species in the forest region of Bucak, Turkey. Diameter at breast height was estimated with relatively high accuracy using a simple linear model. Tree volume was estimated with high precision using an exponential equation. Weighted linear and non-linear least squares methods were used to consider heteroscedasticity observed in the volume–stump diameter relationships. The results of a non-linear extra sum of squares method and of the F test indicated that different equations are needed for estimating dbh and tree volume from stump diameter outside bark for different species.