Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPERATOR-VALUED FOURIER MULTIPLIERS ON PERIODIC BESOV SPACES AND APPLICATIONS

Abstract Let $1\leq p,q\leq\infty$, $s\in\mathbb{R}$ and let $X$ be a Banach space. We show that the analogue of Marcinkiewicz’s Fourier multiplier theorem on $L^p(\mathbb{T})$ holds for the Besov space $B_{p,q}^s(\mathbb{T};X)$ if and only if $1\ltp\lt\infty$ and $X$ is a UMD-space. Introducing stronger conditions we obtain a periodic Fourier multiplier theorem which is valid without restriction on the indices or the space (which is analogous to Amann’s result (Math. Nachr. 186 (1997), 5–56) on the real line). It is used to characterize maximal regularity of periodic Cauchy problems. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 47D06; 42A45
Dynamics of Topologically Generic Homeomorphisms

Introduction Attractors and chain recurrence Periodic decompositions and adding machines Semicontinuity and homogeneity Crushing arguments Topological horseshoes Generic homeomorphisms Almost equicontinuity Cantor sets The circle Crushing the chain recurrent set Generic homeomorphisms on manifolds Generic mappings on manifolds Bibliography Index.
Local structure and the phase transitions of BaTiO3

Abstract We have measured and analyzed the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) of BaTiO3 at the barium k edge and the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) at the titanium K edge. Our structural data show that the sequence of phase transitions in this material as the temperature increases is explained by a disordering of domains wherein the local structural environment remains approximately rhombohedrally distorted at all temperatures around both metal sites. As the temperature is raised, the long range correlations between these local distortions change, resulting in the observed sequence of phase transitions. Our measurements confirm the model of eight-site disorder used to explain the phase diagram of BaTiO3. We show that EXAFS and XANES are sensitive probes of both the magnitude and direction of the local structural distortions which accompany ferroelectricity and therefore are sensitive probes of the microscopic mechanism of ferroelectricity.
Dynamics of breakup of multiple vortices in Gross-Pitaevskii equations of superfluids

In this paper we study the Gross-Pitaevskii equation of the theory of superfluidity, i.e., the nonlinear Schrodinger equation of the Ginzburg-Landau type. We investigate the dynamics of the breakup of the double vortex. More specifically, we prove instability of the double vortex, compute the complex eigenvalue responsible for this instability, and derive the dynamical equation of motion of (centers of) single vortices resulting from splitting of the double vortex. We expect that our analysis can be extended to vortices of higher degree and to magnetic and Chern-Simmons vortices.
Reversible Data Hiding With Image Enhancement Using Histogram Shifting

Traditional reversible data hiding (RDH) focuses on enlarging the embedding payloads while minimizing the distortion with a criterion of mean square error (MSE). Since imperceptibility can also be achieved via image processing, we propose a novel method of RDH with contrast enhancement (RDH-CE) using histogram shifting. Instead of minimizing the MSE, the proposed method generates marked images with good quality with the sense of structural similarity. The proposed method contains two parts: the baseline embedding and the extensive embedding. In the baseline part, we first merge the least significant bins to reserve spare bins and then embed additional data by a histogram shifting approach using arithmetic encoding. During histogram shifting, we propose to construct the transfer matrix by maximizing the entropy of the histogram. After embedding, the marked image containing additional data has a larger contrast than the original image. In the extensive embedding part, we further propose to concatenate the baseline embedding with an MSE-based embedding. On the recipient side, the additional data can be extracted exactly, and the original image can be recovered losslessly. Comparing with existing RDH-CE approaches, the proposed method can achieve a better embedding payload.
The effect of the structure of swept-shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions on turbulence modelling

The physical reasons for the diffculty in predicting accurately strong swept-shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions are investigated. A well-documented sharp-fin/plate flow has been selected as the main test case for analysis. The selected flow is calculated by applying a version of the Baldwin–Lomax turbulence model, which is known to provide reliable results in flows characterized by the appearance of crossflow vortices. After the validation of the results, by comparison with appropriate experimental data, the test case flow is studied by means of stream surfaces which start at the inflow plane, within the undisturbed boundary layer, and which are initially parallel to the plate. Each of these surfaces has been represented by a number of streamlines. Calculation of the spatial evolution of some selected stream surfaces revealed that the inner layers of the undisturbed boundary layer, which are composed of turbulent air, wind around the core of the vortex. However, the outer layers, which are composed of low-turbulence air, fold over the vortex and at the reattachment region penetrate into the separation bubble forming a low-turbulence tongue, which lies along the plate, underneath the vortex. The conical vortex at its initial stage of development is completely composed of turbulent air, but gradually, as it grows linearly in the flow direction, the low-turbulence tongue is formed. Also the tongue grows in the flow direction and penetrates further into the separation region. When it reaches the expansion region inboard of the primary vortex, the secondary vortex starts to be formed at its tip. Examination of additional test cases indicated that the turbulence level of the elongated tongue decreases if the interaction strength increases. The existence of the low-turbulence tongue in strong swept-shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions creates a mixed-type separation bubble: turbulent in the region of the separation line and almost laminar between the secondary vortex and the reattachment line. This type of separation cannot be simulated accurately with the currently used algebraic turbulence models, because the basic relations of these models are based on the physics of two-dimensional flows, whereas in a separation bubble the whole recirculation region is turbulent. For improving the accuracy of the existing algebraic turbulence models in predicting swept-shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions, it is necessary to develop new equations for the calculation of the eddy viscosity in the separation region, which will consider the mixed-flow character of the conical vortex.
Uniform stabilization of solutions of a nonlinear system of viscoelastic equations

In this article, we are concerned with a system of two coupled viscoelastic equations which describes the interaction between two different fields arising in viscoelasticity. Under weaker conditions on the relaxation functions and for more general forms of nonlinearities, we extend and generalize some existing results, concerning the uniform decay for a single equation, to the case of a system.
On an Asymptotic Theory of Conditional and Unconditional Coverage Probabilities of Empirical Bayes Confidence Intervals

Empirical Bayes (EB) methodology is now widely used in statistics. However, construction of EB confidence intervals is still very limited. Following Cox (1975 ), Hill (1990 ) and Carlin & Gelfand (1990 , 1991 ), we consider EB confidence intervals, which are adjusted so that the actual coverage probabilities asymptotically meet the target coverage probabilities up to the second order. We consider both unconditional and conditional coverage, conditioning being done with respect to an ancillary statistic.
Exploring carbon dependency as populist political strategy in Poland

The paper aims at describing and explaining the carbon-dependency political strategy in climate-energy policies as an exemplary case of populist politics in Poland. Under the slogan of green conservatism, the nativist Polish governments led by PiS (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość/Law and Justice) pursue climate-energy policies of environmental irresponsibility. The inertia in the Polish climate-energy policy creates one of the most dangerous mixes of populist politics and the (state) organized environmental hypocrisy. Explaining the gap emerging between the globally agreed goals and domestic policy delivery failure (and the dynamics in which it is created) allows us understand the factors determining policy output that are highly undesirable from the point of view of the ambitious global sustainability goals. Theoretically, the analysis is informed by the mainstream political science discourses focused on nativism and populism. Their explanatory and interpretative potentials offer some analytical lenses featuring the populist political strategy carried out by the Polish government in the climate-energy domain. It also shows the peculiar case of the European integration differentiation in one of the most strategic policy domains of the European Union.
Formation of shell galaxies. II. Nonspherical potentials

The formation of shells through interactions of low-mass companions with nonspherical galaxies is investigated using the restricted three-body method. We find that sharp-edged features remain a common outcome of such encounters, regardless of the detailed structure of the more massive galaxy. The morphology and alignment of the resulting shell system are sensitive to the form of the potential of the primary galaxy; however, they depend also on the orbital parameters of the collision and on the nature of the companion. The latter two considerations imply that it will be difficult to infer the intrinsic shapes of luminous ellipticals from observations of shells. 22 refs.
Femtosecond visible optical parametric oscillator

The current theoretical understanding, in terms of numerical simulations and simple models, of the various modes of operation of the visible-range β-barium borate optical parametric oscillator pumped by the second harmonic of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser is analyzed and compared with experimental measurements. These observations include operation of the optical parametric oscillator without prisms and the associated self-compression that is due to cascaded second-order effects. The performance of the oscillator with group-delay-dispersion compensation prisms is described in terms of a simulation-based soliton model that determines the variation of pulse duration with group-delay dispersion, third-order dispersion, and wavelength.
Harmonic Integrals on Strongly Pseudo-Convex Manifolds: II

In this paper we prove the basic existence and regularity theorems for the a-Neumann problem (see Theorems 6.6 and 6.14). The results presented here were outlined by the author in [8]. In Part I of this work (see [7]) we established some of the fundamental properties of the aNeumann problem and, on the assumption of existence and regularity, we obtained several applications. A variant of the 8-Neumann problem was first formulated in [3]. D. C. Spencer and the author studied the problem by means of singular integral equations in [5]. The starting point for the author's work (see [6] and [7]) is the estimate (1.6), a special case of this estimate was first established by C. B. Morrey in [9]. In his thesis, (see [1]) M. E. Ash has derived estimates relative to moving frames. This method has enabled him to generalize our work (see also [2]). The introduction of moving frames is also very useful in the present work. The method of proving regularity by studying the families of norms depending on the parameters a and zwas suggested to the author by L. Hbrmander; essential use is made of some of the results (stated in Ch. 4) which are developed in his book (see [4]). The T-norms of Ch. 3 have been also introduced for a different purpose by Andreotti and Vesentini. They have obtained, by the argument of [6] for forms with values in a holomorphic vector bundle over a strongly pseudoconvex domain of Cn, an inequality which contains the inequality of Proposition 3.5 as a particular case. In Ch. 7 we show how the solution of the 8-Neumann problem implies the solution of several boundary value problems which were posed in [5]. The methods developed here and in [7] can be used to prove existence and regularity theorems for very general elliptic over determined systems. We shall return to this question in a future publication.
Dynamical characterization of one-dimensional stationary growth regimes in diffusion-limited electrodeposition processes

The occurrence of stationary growth regimes in thin gap electrodeposition experiments is discussed in terms of diffusion-limited dynamics and confirmed by a quantitative interferometric analysis of concentration fields during copper electrodeposition in 50-mm cells, with unsupported electrolytes. We develop a 1D model for the time evolution of the averaged concentration profile after Sand’s time and we check its predictions during the transitory and asymptotic growth regimes in electrodeposition experiments. @S1063-651X~98! 15112-7#
Particle concentration in homogeneous shear turbulence simulated via Lagrangian and equilibrium Eulerian approaches

Direct numerical simulation is conducted to study particle concentration in particle-laden homogeneous shear turbulence. The equilibrium assumption in which the velocity of particles is approximated in terms of the velocity and acceleration of the fluid phase is assessed for this flow by analyzing the radial distribution function (RDF), the probability density function (PDF) of the number density of particles, the autocorrelation of particle Lagrangian velocity, and the particle turbulent diffusivity for various particle time constants. A good agreement between exact and equilibrium Lagrangian particles is observed for these statistics when nondimensional particle time constant τp*<0.6. In this work, we also introduce a new methodology for measuring the anisotropy of the Lagrangian particle concentration through calculating two-dimensional RDFs. It is shown that particles are the most and least accumulated in the streamwise and cross-stream directions, respectively. Also, a methodology is introduced to ex.
Photobiomodulation improves frontal lobe cognitive functions and mental health of older adults with non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Case studies

Introduction This study investigated the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) on improving the frontal lobe cognitive functions and mental health of older adults. Methods Three older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of the non-amnestic type received 18-session tPBM stimulation for 9 weeks and were assessed with neuropsychological tests of memory and executive functions and standardized questionnaires on depressive and anxiety symptoms, global cognitive functions, and daily functioning abilities before and after tPBM stimulation. Results At baseline, their intrusion and/or perseveration errors in a verbal memory test and a fluency test, as measures of the frontal lobe cognitive functions, were in the borderline to severely impaired range at baseline. After tPBM stimulation, the three older adults showed various levels of improvement in their frontal lobe cognitive functions. One older adult’s intrusion and perseveration errors improved from the <1st–2nd percentile (moderately to severely impaired range) to the 41st–69th percentile (average range), another older adult’s intrusion errors improved from the 11th percentile to the 83rd percentile, and the third older adult’s intrusion errors improved from the 5th percentile to the 56th percentile. Moreover, improvements in their anxiety and/or depressive symptoms were also observed. One older adult’s depressive and anxiety symptoms improved from the severe range at baseline to the mild range after the intervention. The other two older adults’ depressive symptoms improved from the mild range at baseline to the normal range after the intervention. Discussion These findings provide preliminary support for the potential of tPBM to improve the frontal lobe cognitive functions and mental health of older adults with MCI. Given the small sample size of only three older adults and the absence of a placebo control group, larger randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm its potential.
Sex- and genotype-dependent nicotine plus cue-primed reinstatement is enhanced in adolescent Sprague Dawley rats containing the human CHRNA6 3′-UTR polymorphism (rs2304297)

Rationale Large-scale human candidate gene studies have indicated that a genetic variant (rs2304297) in the alpha(α)6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, encoded by the CHRNA6 gene, may play a key role in adolescent nicotine addictive behavior. We hypothesized that the polymorphism selectively enhances nicotine + cue-primed reinstatement, but not nicotine- or cue-reinstatement in α6GG (risk) vs. α6CC (non-risk) allele carriers, without having baseline effects on natural rewards. Methods Using CRISPR-Cas9 genomic engineering, we developed a humanized rat line with the human gene variant of the CHRNA6 3′-UTRC123G polymorphism in Sprague-Dawley rats. Genetically modified adolescent male and female rats were food trained under a fixed-ratio (FR)1 schedule of reinforcement and progressively increased to FR5. Animals were implanted with catheters and began nicotine self-administration (15 μg/kg/infusion) at FR5. Upon reaching stable responding, reinforced behavior was extinguished by removal of drug and cues. Reinstatement testing began for cue only, nicotine only, and nicotine + cue in a Latin Square Design. Animals were returned to extinction conditions for 2 days minimum between testing. Results For natural food rewards, nicotine self-administration, progressive ratio, and extinction, adolescent male and female (α6GG and α6CC) rats exhibited equivalent behaviors. Male α6GG rats show enhanced nicotine + cue-primed reinstatement when compared with male α6CC rats. This genotype effect on reinstatement was not seen in female rats. Conclusion Our findings support the in vivo functional role of the human CHRNA6 3′-UTR SNP genetic variant in sex-dependently enhancing nicotine seeking behavior in adolescent rats. Overall, the findings support clinical and preclinical data highlighting a role of α6 nAChRs mediating sex heterogeneity in substance use and related phenotypes.
Introduction: Open Dialogue around the world – implementation, outcomes, experiences and perspectives

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Mosse, Pocobello, Saunders, Seikkula and von Peter. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Introduction: Open Dialogue around the world – implementation, outcomes, experiences and perspectives
Biomechanical outcomes of superior capsular reconstruction for irreparable rotator cuff tears by different graft materials-a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCT) are defined as defects that cannot be repaired due to tendon retraction, fat infiltration, or muscle atrophy. One surgical remedy for IRCT is superior capsular reconstruction (SCR), which fixes graft materials between the larger tuberosity and the superior glenoid. Patients and methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria were followed for conducting the systematic review and meta-analysis. From their inception until February 25, 2022, Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library's electronic databases were searched. Studies using cadavers on SCR for IRCT were also included. The humeral head's superior translation and subacromial peak contact pressure were the primary outcomes. The humeral head's anteroposterior translation, the kind of graft material used, its size, and the deltoid load were the secondary outcomes. Results After eliminating duplicates from the search results, 1,443 unique articles remained, and 20 papers were finally included in the quantitative research. In 14 investigations, the enhanced superior translation of the humeral head was documented in IRCTs. In 13 studies, a considerable improvement following SCR was found, especially when using fascia lata (FL), which could achieve more translation restraints than human dermal allograft (HDA) and long head of bicep tendon (LHBT). Six investigations reported a subacromial peak contact pressure increase in IRCTs, which could be rectified by SCR, and these studies found a substantial increase in this pressure. The results of the reduction in subacromial peak contact pressure remained consistent regardless of the graft material utilized for SCR. While there was a statistically significant difference in the change of graft material length between FL and HDA, the change in graft material thickness between FL and HDA was not significant. The humeral head's anterior-posterior translation was rising in IRCTs and could be returned to its original state with SCR. In five investigations, IRCTs caused a significant increase in deltoid force. Furthermore, only one study showed that SCR significantly decreased deltoid force. Conclusion With IRCT, SCR might significantly decrease the glenohumeral joint's superior and anterior-posterior stability. Despite the risks for donor-site morbidity and the longer recovery time, FL is still the best current option for SCR.
Trend and spatial-temporal variation of drought characteristics over equatorial East Africa during the last 120 years

Centennial drought characteristics in Equatorial East Africa (EEA) is investigated using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) derived from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) dataset. The spatial pattern of drought distribution, as well as drought duration, intensity and frequency, are analyzed for SPEI at a 3-month timescale for March-April-May (MAM) season. Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF), Mann-Kendall method (MK), and wavelet analyses are used to study drought’s spatial pattern, trend, and periodicity. The result of the principal component analysis returned six homogenous drought sub-regions. A low drought frequency characterizes EEA (<20%). The drought in the MAM season lasts between 2.2 and 2.8 months. Overall, the result showed a weak long-term drying trend for most parts of EEA that were significant in some sub-regions and insignificant in others. An increase in drought areal extent after the 1980s could be ascribed to the increase in potential evapotranspiration (PET) and is consistent with the negative trend in SPEI value over the six sub-regions. The apparent increase is mainly attributed to the increase in moderate and severe droughts area rather than extreme drought areas. The spectral analysis further reveals that inter-annual drought variability with periodicities less than 8 years dominates in all sub-regions of Equatorial East Africa, which is associated with the critical role of El-Niño in driving the drought variations in EEA.