Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease and Its Risk Factors Among the General Population of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: Dry eye disease is a multifactorial chronic disorder of the ocular surface, which leads to symptoms of discomfort and distress. Dry eye disease is a global health concern and is one of the most frequent ocular diseases encountered in an ophthalmology clinic. The estimated prevalence of dry eye disease in the literature ranged from 7.4% to 93.2%. Saudi Arabia’s population, especially in the eastern province, is at great risk of developing dry eye disease, however, there is hardly any nationwide study that assesses the prevalence of dry eye disease among the general population and its risk factors. Aim: The aim is to estimate the prevalence of dry eye disease and determine its risk factors among the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on the general population of Saudi Arabia between September 2022 and November 2022. A convenient sampling technique was deployed for participant recruitment, where a self-administered questionnaire was created and dispersed to the general population all over the country with an invitation to participate in the study. Dry eye disease prevalence was assessed using Ocular Surface Disease Index survey. The Chi-square test was used to test for factors associated with the prevalence of dry eye disease, and undiagnosed dry eye disease. Multivariate logistic regression was also used to determine risk factors for dry eye disease. Results: A total of 1,381 participants were included in this study. The prevalence of dry eye disease among the general population of Saudi Arabia was observed to be (17.5%). Among the participants (11%) had mild dry eye disease, (4.7%) had moderate dry eye disease, and (1.7%) had a severe dry eye disease. Among those observed to have a dry eye disease, (58.09%) were not previously diagnosed. The following factors were observed to be significantly associated with having dry eye disease, being female, having thyroid disease, having systemic lupus erythematosus/rheumatoid arthritis, using antidepressants, using antihistamine/decongestants, using electronic devices for a prolonged time, using contact lenses, having a history of eye surgery, history of conjunctival/eyelid infection, and history corneal abrasions/erosions/ulceration. Conclusion: This study revealed that the prevalence of dry eye disease among the general population of Saudi Arabia is notably lower than what was observed in other local studies and similar to what was found in some global studies. Adjusted binary multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk factors were only: being female, using antidepressants, using antihistamines/decongestants, and prolonged use of electronic devices.
Post-develop blob defect reduction

This study reports on blob defect reduction and process impacts by Acid Rinse System. Blob defects that appear after develop are a common problem with i-line, KrF, ArF and ArF-immersion resists. Last year we reported Blob defects were influenced by the develop process and were able to be decreased by improving process. Furthermore we identified blob defects were caused from alkaline developer and could be reduced by neutralizing Acid Rinse. In this work, we designed a novel develop process and system that reduced blob defects. We evaluated this system on the non-topcoat immersion resist. The blob defects on immersion resist were also eliminated by this system but affected by each resist surface condition. We also evaluated the impacts from Acid rinse for some kinds of patterns and resists, because we needed to indentify whether there were negatively process impacts. We reports that Acid Rinse System significantly reduced blob defect counts, and whether influenced other process impacts. Finally we report the mechanism of the blob defects reduction.
What connects splicing of transfer RNA precursor molecules with pontocerebellar hypoplasia?

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) represent the most abundant class of RNA molecules in the cell and are key players during protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis. Aberrations in the extensive tRNA biogenesis pathways lead to severe neurological disorders in humans. Mutations in the tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) and its associated RNA kinase cleavage factor polyribonucleotide kinase subunit 1 (CLP1) cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, that manifest as underdevelopment of specific brain regions typically accompanied by microcephaly, profound motor impairments, and child mortality. Recently, we demonstrated that mutations leading to specific PCH subtypes destabilize TSEN in vitro and cause imbalances of immature to mature tRNA ratios in patient‐derived cells. However, how tRNA processing defects translate to disease on a systems level has not been understood. Recent findings suggested that other cellular processes may be affected by mutations in TSEN/CLP1 and obscure the molecular mechanisms of PCH emergence. Here, we review PCH disease models linked to the TSEN/CLP1 machinery and discuss future directions to study neuropathogenesis.
An ecoepidemiological predator‐prey model with standard disease incidence

This investigation accounts for epidemics spreading among interacting populations. The infective disease spreads among the prey, of which only susceptibles reproduce, while infected prey do not grow, recover, reproduce nor compete for resources. The model is general enough to describe a large number of ecosystems, on land, in the air or in the water.
The role of counselors in shaping students' self-happiness in inclusive schools

This study aims to look at the role of counselors in shaping students' self-happiness in inclusive schools at Muhammadiyah Curup junior high school. Self-happiness is an important thing that must exist in inclusive group rooms; therefore, counselors need to understand the characteristics of students to unite normal children and children with special needs with the same curriculum and learning process. In inclusive schools, it is found that bullying of children with special needs still occurs, and the learning process in inclusive groups is relatively slow and constrained, making ordinary students bored and upset. The approach used is qualitative with a grounded theory design. The data will be interpreted in a naturalistic way to overcome the problems in this study. Data interpretation and a naturalistic approach will provide answers related to the counselor's role in developing students' self-happiness in the inclusion group of Muhammadiyah Curup junior high school. The research subjects were counselors, subject teachers, principals, normal children, children with special needs, and parents of children with special needs. Data collection was done voluntarily by building good interactions without coercion and carefully selecting informants. Data were analyzed using three levels of analysis: open coding (forming categories of information about the event or phenomenon under study), axial coding (solving for core themes during qualitative data analysis), and selective coding (selective coding to find significant categories). The results revealed that the role of counselors is to build collective consciousness with the quality and quantity of empathy, positive relationships, emotional attachment and connection, and meaningfulness of life for oneself and others.
Super-polished aluminum mirrors through the application of chemical mechanical polishing techniques

Chemical Mechanical Polishing, also referred to Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP), is one of the enabling technologies which allows the fabrication of high performance multi-level metal structures in IC fabrication. In this paper we will discuss the specific application of CMP techniques to aluminum mirror polishing and the resultant super polished finish obtained. Current aluminum mirror processing methods use combinations of machining, lapping and diamond turning operations to achieve required surface accuracy and quality. Optimum results from diamond turning yields surface figure with an error of no less than half a wave and surface roughness no less than 50 angstrom aluminum substrates. In addition, diamond turning puts "grooves" onto the surface that act as a diffractive element resulting in specular beam power loss and ghost images. Often these diffractive and scatter effects, inherent to grooved surfaces, are too severe to provide adequate performance in the UV and visible range. Further, the low signal to noise ratio of the optical system reduces resolution and the overall efficiency of the optical system. A new procedure for polishing bare 6061-T6 Aluminum monolithic mirrors using Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) slurry and techniques yields extremely high quality, low scatter mirrors. Planar aluminum mirrors with flatness equivalent to lambda/10 and Ra <2 nm have been polished and measured on a Veeco NT3300 white light Interferometer (at 20X). Comparison of the power spectral density curves of mirrors produced via CMP with those presently produced with diamond turning shows reduction across the range of spatial frequencies (1-103 mm-1) and elimination of the grooving frequency. Both white light interferometer and AFM images show the polished surfaces to be smooth, pit free with no pull outs.
Bacterial Communities in Informal Dump Sites: A Rich Source of Unique Diversity and Functional Potential for Bioremediation Applications

In this study, high-throughput metagenomic amplicon sequencing and physicochemical analyses were used to evaluate the structural composition and functional diversity of the soil bacterial communities at different illegal waste dump sites. Results showed that while the litter-free soil was dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria, dumpsite soils were enriched with phylum Actinobacteria, followed by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes. Bacterial diversity differed significantly (p > 0.05) between the litter-free and contaminated sites, with each dumpsite having distinct genera that demonstrate the impact of waste type on the bacterial community composition. Genus Nocardioides, a versatile organic and inorganic pollutant-degrading bacteria in the class Actinomycetia, was dominant in the dump site soils, raising the possibility that this genus could serve as a potential biomarker for dump site soil pollution. PICRUSt functional profiling also showed the presence of genes involved in putative degradative pathways in the dump site soils. Furthermore, community-level physiological profile (CLPP) analyses revealed that the dump site soils are habitats to active bacterial communities with significant catabolic and carbon utilization capacity. Overall, this study provides a theoretical insight into the diversity and unique soil bacterial assemblages in illegal dump sites that could encode biotechnologically significant genes for biosynthesis and biodegradation.
Phase stability of gyroklystron amplifier

Expressions are derived for RF phase stability in conventional klystrons and gyroklystrons. Phase noise is found to depend on electron energy in a completely different way for the two types of devices, due to the inherent differences in gun dynamics and interaction mechanisms. In general, phase stability is better in gyroklystrons operating at voltage >
Influence of drip irrigation and polyethylene mulch on growth, yield and water productivity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena) cultivars in eastern plains

A field experiment was carried out during 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 in silty clay loam soil of Bihar, to study the effect of drip irrigation and black polyethylene mulch compared with furrow irrigation on growth, yield and water productivity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Drip irrigation influenced the growth and yield characters of both vegetable crop as compared to furrow method of irrigation. Further, drip irrigation significantly increased the fruit yield of tomato and brinjal by 26.9 and 40 percent, respectively. Mulching also had a positive effect on yield attributing characters, viz. days taken to flowering, average single fruit weight and number of fruits/plant of both tomato and brinjal. Use of black polyethylene mulch gave 38.6 and 44.6% higher yield of tomato and brinjal compared with unmulched treatments (35 and 26 t/ha, respectively). Tomato variety Swarna Sampada and brinjal variety Swarna Shobha performed better over other varieties irrespective of drip and mulch. Drip irrigation in combination with black polyethylene mulch significantly increased the plant height, dry matter production, number of fruits/plant, fruit weight and finally raised the tomato yield and brinjal yield to 54.4 and 44.45 t/ha with 34% water saving. The average water productivity (17.0 and 13.9 kg/m3) of tomato and brinjal was also maximum in drip irrigated mulched crops.
The Association Between Prior Mental Health Service Utilization and Risk of Recidivism among Incarcerated Ontario Residents

Background There is mixed evidence on the link between mental health and addiction (MHA) history and recidivism. Few studies have examined post-release MHA care. Our objective was to examine the association between prior (pre-incarceration) MHA service use and post-release recidivism and service use. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study linking individuals held in provincial correctional institutions in 2010 to health administrative databases. Prior MHA service use was assigned hierarchically in order of hospitalization, emergency department visit and outpatient visit. We followed up individuals post-release for up to 5 years for the first occurrence of recidivism and MHA hospitalization, emergency department visit and outpatient visit. We use Cox-proportional hazards models to examine the association between prior MHA service use and each outcome adjusting for prior correctional involvement and demographic characteristics. Results Among a sample consisting of 45,890 individuals, we found that prior MHA service use was moderately associated with recidivism (hazard ratio (HR): 1.20–1.50, all P < 0.001), with secondary analyses finding larger associations for addiction service use (HR range: 1.34–1.54, all P < 0.001) than for mental health service use (HR range: 1.09–1.18, all P < 0.001). We found high levels of post-release MHA hospitalization and low levels of outpatient MHA care relative to need even among individuals with prior MHA hospitalization. Discussion Despite a high risk of recidivism and acute MHA utilization post-release, we found low access to MHA outpatient care, highlighting the necessity for greater efforts to facilitate access to care and care integration for individuals with mental health needs in correctional facilities.
Electron impact excitation rates for transitions in carbon-like F IV, Na VI, AI VIII, P X, S XI, CI XII, Ar XIII and K XIV

Electron excitation rates for all fine-structure transitions among the 1s22s22p2 and the 1s22s2p3 configurations of C-like F IV, Na VI, Al VIII, P X, S XI, Cl XII, Ar XIII and K XIV are determined by interpolating similar data for O III, Ne V, Mg VII, Si IX and Ca XV, that were calculated using the R-matrix method. Results are presented as polynomial fits in log Te to the effective collision strengths (Υ) for each transition. The fits may be used to estimate values of Υ accurate to approximately ±20% over a temperature range of log Tmax ± 0.8 dex, where Tmax is the temperature of maximum fractional abundance in ionization equilibrium of the relevant species. A comparison of the present results for Ar XIII with the earlier distorted wave calculations of Bhatia et al. reveals significant differences.
Detection of Blood Parasites in Different Pet Birds in Erbil City

The current study was conducted to find out the different species of blood parasites that infect pet birds (Melopsittacus undulatus, Carduelis chloris and Carduelis carduelis) and to know the infection rates with these parasites and their relationship with the sex of the bird, by examining (62) blood samples collected from three species of different pet birds in the Erbil city, of both sexes, during October 2019 to July 2021. The current study showed that pet birds were infected with Haemosporidian parasites with a total percentage of 35.48%, and the highest percentage was in the Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) with 41.17%, followed by the greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) with 31.25%, and the lowest rate was in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) by 25%. Also, the study showed that the infection rate of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. was 77.27%, and 45.45% respectively. It was noted that there were no significant differences in the infection rates with blood parasites between males and females. While significant differences were recorded in the infection rates with species of blood parasites according to different types of infection, as the single infection recorded the highest infection rate of 77.27%, while the double infection was lower with a rate of 22.72%.
Accelerating the Laboratory Testing Capacity through Saliva Pooling Prior to Direct RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 Detection

The testing capacity of the laboratory is paramount for better control of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pooling method is promising to increase testing capacity, and the use of direct NAAT-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 on a non-invasive specimen such as saliva will ultimately accelerate the testing capacity. This study aims to validate the pooling-of-four method to quadruple the testing capacity using RNA-extraction-free saliva specimens. In addition, we intend to investigate the preferable stage of pooling, including pre- or post-heating. The compatibility of this approach was also tested on five commercial kits. Saliva specimens stored at −80 °C for several months were proven viable and were used for various tests in this study. Our findings revealed that pooling-of-four specimens had an overall agreement rate of 98.18% with their individual testing. Moreover, we proved that the pooling procedure could be conducted either pre- or post-heating, with no discordance and no significant difference in Ct values generated. When compared to other commercial detection kits, it demonstrated an overall agreement greater than 85%, which exhibits broad compatibility and ensures easy adaptability in clinical settings. This method has been proven reliable and increases the testing capacity up to fourfold.
New Inhomogeneous Ferroelectric Cu(In0.7Cr0.3)P2S6 Crystal with Ferroelectric and Dipolar Glass Coexistence

Dielectric properties of new Cu(In 0.7 Cr 0.3 )P 2 S 6 crystals were investigated in the temperature range 100 < T < 350 K and frequency range 20 Hz < ν < 3 GHz. A smeared ferroelectric phase transition is observed in presented crystal around T c ≈ 245 K. The ferroelectric phase transition is characterized as second order, “order-disorder” phase transition. At low temperatures, the freezing phenomena in Cu(In 0.7 Cr 0.3 )P 2 S 6 revealed the complex dielectric permittivity behavior characteristic for the transition into the dipolar glass state. The activation energy of this low temperature process was found to be E = 145.4 meV and the freezing temperature was estimated to be 28.6 K.
Vibrational Analysis of Hydration-Layer Water around Ubiquitin, Unpeeled Layer by Layer: Molecular-Dynamics Perceptions

Classical molecular-dynamics simulations have been performed to examine the interplay between ubiquitin and its hydration-water sub-layers, chiefly from a vibrational-mode and IR viewpoint—where we analyse individual sub-layers characteristics. The vibrational Density of States (VDOS) revealed that the first solvation sub-shell indicates a confined character therein. For layers of increasing distance from the surface, the adoption of greater bulk-like spectral behaviour was evident, suggesting that vibrational harmonisation to bulk occurs within 6–7 Å of the surface.
Decentralised adaptive robust control of uncertain large-scale non-linear dynamical systems with time-varying delays

The problem of decentralised adaptive robust stabilisation is considered for a class of uncertain large-scale interconnected non-linear systems with time-varying delays. It is assumed that the upper bounds of the uncertainties and interconnection terms are unknown, and that the time-varying delays are any non-negative continuous and bounded functions, and do not require their derivatives to be less than one. In particular, it is only required that the non-linear interconnection terms, which can also include time-varying delays, are bounded in any non-negative non-linear functions, which are not required to be known for the system designer. For such a class of uncertain large-scale time-delay interconnected non-linear systems, a new method is presented whereby a class of continuous memoryless decentralised local adaptive robust state feedback controllers with a rather simpler structure is proposed. It is also shown that the solutions of uncertain large-scale time-delay interconnected systems can be guaranteed as uniformly exponentially convergent towards a ball that can be as small as desired. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity of the results.
A New Approach for Reduced Order Modeling of Mechanical Systems Using Vibration Measurements

This study investigates the possibilities of obtaining reduced order mass-damping-stiffness models of mechanical systems using state space realizations identified via dynamic tests. It is shown that even when the system is insufficiently instrumented with sensors and actuators, it is still possible to create physically meaningful reduced order mass-damping-stiffness models that incorporate measured and unmeasured degrees of freedom. It is further discussed that certain assumptions, such as having a diagonal mass matrix or having classical damping in the system, allow one to develop alternative reduced order representations with different physical interpretations. The theoretical presentation is supplemented by a numerical example that illustrates the applications of the formulations developed herein.
THE IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM IN SYSTEMS NONLINEAR IN THE VARIABLES

This paper examines the identifiability of the coefficients of a single equation in a simultaneous equation model which is nonlinear only in the variables. The concept of identifiability in this model is motivated and developed using the closely related concept of observational equivalence. This framework is then utilized to develop necessary and sufficient conditions for identifiability when the disturbances are required to be independent of the exogenous variables. The approach recommended by Fisher is shown to yield sufficient but not necessary conditions for identifiability. For several relatively common special cases the necessary and sufficient conditions are found to simplify to the familiar rank condition for identifiability in the linear model. THE SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION MODEL that is nonlinear only in the variables has enjoyed widespread application in economics. Such models are linear in the parameters and typically seem to be linear in the variables as well, when viewing a single equation. In many models the nonlinearity in the variables arises due to endogenous variables entering in different forms in different equations (logged and unlogged form, for example). In macroeconometric models nonlinearity in the variables arises when the model includes endogenous real, nominal, and price variables, which are nonlinearly related.2 Whatever the reason for the nonlinearity in the variables, it is important to determine the conditions under which the equations of such models can be identified.