Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of English proficiency is associated with the characteristics of work- related injury and recovery cost in the Victorian working population.

BACKGROUND Migrant workers have been identified in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia as a particularly vulnerable working population with a higher risk of work-related injury and mortality compared to non-migrant workers. Lack of English language proficiency is associated with an increased risk of work-related injury. Whether lack of English proficiency influences post-injury recovery or return to work outcomes remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Using administrative data from a population based workers' compensation dataset in the state of Victoria, Australia, we aimed to examine work-related injury rates, worker characteristics and compensation outcomes in workers who were not proficient in English. We hypothesized that the use of an interpreter service would be associated with a poorer post-injury recovery profile and worse return to work outcomes. METHODS WorkSafe Victoria accepted non-fatal claims for injuries and illnesses reported between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2012 by workers aged 15 to 74 (n = 402, 828 claims) were analysed. Consistent with prior research, we selected "use of an interpreter service" as the indicator of English language proficiency. The total and categorical compensable cost of recovery was used as recovery outcomes. RESULTS Of these claims, 16,286 (4%) involved the use of an interpreter service (LOTE workers). Our analysis revealed that Victorian injured LOTE workers have significantly different demographic, occupational and injury characteristics compared to non-LOTE injured workers. Furthermore, we present novel evidence that LOTE status was associated with poorer long-term injury outcomes, observed as a greater healthcare utilisation and larger paid income benefits, after controlling for occupation, employment status and injury type compared to non-LOTE injured workers. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that English language proficiency is associated not only with the risk of work-related injury but also to the long-term recovery outcomes. We conclude that despite access to language interpreter services, injured LOTE workers experience English language proficiency dependent, and injury severity independent, recovery barriers which need to be overcome to improve long term recovery outcomes.
The Danish National Health Survey: Study design, response rate and respondent characteristics in 2010, 2013 and 2017

Aim: This article aims to describe the study design, including descriptive statistics on changes in response rates, characteristics associated with response and response mode distribution, in the Danish National Health Survey (DNHS) in 2010, 2013 and 2017. Methods: Each survey was based on five regional stratified random samples and one national random sample drawn from the Danish Civil Registration System. The subsamples were mutually exclusive. Around 300,000 individuals (aged ⩾16 years) were invited to participate in each survey using a mixed-mode approach (paper/web). A questionnaire with a minimum of 52 questions was used in all subsamples. In 2010 and 2013, invitations were sent via the regular postal service, whereas a secure electronical mail service was used to invite the majority (around 90%) in 2017. Weights accounted for survey design and non-response. Results: Participation decreased from 59.5% in 2010 to 54.0% in 2013 after which it increased to 58.7% in 2017. The proportion answering the web questionnaire increased from 31.0% to 77.4% between 2013 and 2017 and varied from 73.8% to 79.7% between the subsamples in 2017. Overall, the response rate was low among young men and old women and among individuals who were unmarried, had low sociodemographic status, were from ethnic minority backgrounds or were living in the eastern part of Denmark. Conclusions: The survey mode, response mode distribution as well as response rate have changed over time. Weights to handle non-response can be applied to accommodate possible problems in generalising the results. However, efforts should continuously be made to ensure that response is missing at random.
The Correlation Between Immunohistochemistry Findings and Metastasis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review.

BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer. Only 2% to 5% of SCCs metastasize; however, those do carry a poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used by pathologists to characterize skin cancers and provide clinically useful information. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential prognostic associations between IHC findings and metastasis in SCC. METHODS Searches were conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed for articles published between 1999 and 2019. Search criteria included key words "immunohistochemistry" and "cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. " Six hundred and fifty-three articles were returned and screened, which ultimately left 31 for inclusion in our manuscript. RESULTS Thirty-one articles analyzed in this review included a discussion of the expression of a particular IHC marker and the associated risk of metastasis and/or clinical utility of IHC markers in SCC, especially metastatic SCC. Markers that had several or more studies supporting clinical utility were E-cadherin, podoplanin, CD8 T cells, PD-L1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Cyclin D1. CONCLUSION Immunohistochemistry profiling of SCC may be useful in select cases when providing a prognosis remains challenging and in identification of potential therapeutic targets for high-risk or metastatic tumors.
Reduced structural covariance connectivity of defaut mode network and salience network in MRI-normal focal epilepsy

Neuroimaging studies have found altered functional connectivity of default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN) in patients with focal epilepsy (FE). However, the structural basis underlying the functional connectivity disturbance in the patients is still unclear. Sixteen MRI-normal FE and 22 healthy controls were included in the current study. The T1 structural image of each participant was obtained. Seed-based structural covariance connectivity was employed to investigate changes of structural covariance connectivity of DMN and SN in FE patients. We further evaluated gray matter volume changes of brain areas showing altered structural connectivity in the patients. We found that patients with FE showed reduced connectivity of posterior cingulate cortex and left medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex, and reduced connectivity of right fronto-insula cortex with left insula, orbitofrontal cortex, opercum part of inferior frontal cortex and right medial prefrontal cortex compared with healthy controls. Moreover, those brain areas showing significant reduced structural covariance connectivity in patients with FE also had a loss of gray matter volume, indicating that reduced structural connectivity of DMN and SN might be associated with gray matter atrophy in the patients. Those results highlight the crucial role of DMN and SN in the pathology of patients with FE, and provided structural basis for the functional disturbance of the two networks in this disease.
COVID-19: The Role of the Ophthalmologist in ICU

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a devastating impact on patient lives. COVID-19 impacts the respiratory system and this leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which increases the likelihood of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients admitted to ICU are at increased risk of developing ophthalmological complications due to the systemic effects of COVID-19 along with the side effects of the mechanical ventilators and the regular proning that patients are exposed to. This article presents an overview of sight-impairing ophthalmic conditions seen in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU admissions. The article provides a brief commentary on the clinical signs and examinations that intensive care nurses and doctors have to be vigilant of before escalating the patient care to the Ophthalmic team.
Type of unanticipated stimulus affects lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during sidestepping

ABSTRACT Including an unanticipated stimulus has significant impacts on lower extremity biomechanics during dynamic movements. It is unknown how a live, human defender affects lower extremity biomechanics. The purpose of this study was thus to determine the effects of two types of unanticipated stimuli (visual stimulus; defensive opponent) on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics in males and females during 45° sidestepping trials. Eight males and eight females completed two unanticipated stimuli sidestepping conditions. Numeric visual analog scales for reaction difficulty and movement realism were collected and analysed using a 2 × 2 mixed-model ANOVA. Three-dimensional hip, knee, and ankle kinematics and kinetics were measured during the stance phase of the sidestep and analysed using statistical parametric mapping. Participants reported greater difficulty and less realistic movements with the visual stimulus. Unanticipated stimulus main effects were observed for knee abduction angle, and hip extension and adduction, and knee extension and adduction moments. Sex main effects were observed for hip flexion, hip abduction, and ankle dorsiflexion angles, as well as hip abduction, ankle plantarflexion and ankle eversion moments and vertical ground reaction forces. Participants responded differently to two unanticipated stimuli. Careful consideration should be used when determining the type of unanticipated stimulus used.
Stroop switching card test: brief screening of executive functions across the lifespan

ABSTRACT This study aimed to: (1) propose a novel version of the Stroop switching test, namely the Stroop Switching Card Test (SSCT), to assess the overall efficiency of executive functions (EF) and its underlying cognitive processes (conflict resolution and conflict adaptation); (2) examine the utility of the SSCT in the assessment of EF in different age groups (age range 15-75 years), compare its results with standard neuropsychological tests (SNT), and (3) examine the contribution of both the processing speed and cognitive reserve on the performance of all used tests. The SSCT showed more sensitivity to detect subtle executive dysfunction in the middle age (~50 years). Going further, the SSCT revealed a progressive decline in conflict adaptation over two life periods. The first period of decline started at ~50 years and the second at~ 65 years. The processing speed and cognitive reserve had a prominent role in our results, notably in SSCT.
Diel differences in blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) dive behavior increase nighttime risk of ship strikes in northern Chilean Patagonia

Abstract The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). From 2014 to 2019, during 6 separate research cruises, the dive behavior of 28 individual blue whales was investigated using bio‐logging tags (DTAGs), generating ≈190 h of data. Whales dove to significantly greater depths during the day compared to nighttime (day: 32.6 ± 18.7 m; night: 6.2 ± 2.7 m; P < 0.01). During the night, most time was spent close to the surface (86% ± 9.4%; P < 0.01) and at depths of less than 12 m. From 2016 to 2019, active acoustics (scientific echosounders) were used to record prey (euphausiids) density and distribution simultaneously with whale diving data. Tagged whales appeared to perform dives relative to the vertical migration of prey during the day. The association between diurnal prey migration and shallow nighttime dive behavior suggests that blue whales are at increased risk of ship collisions during periods of darkness since the estimated maximum ship draft of vessels operating in the region is also ≈12 m. In recent decades, northern Chilean Patagonia has seen a large increase in marine traffic due to a boom in salmon aquaculture and the passenger ship industry. Vessel strike risks for large whales are likely underestimated in this region. Results reported in this study may be valuable for policy and mitigation decisions regarding conservation of the endangered blue whale.
The dynamical interplay of perinatal leptin with birthweight and 3-month weight, in full-term, preterm, IUGR mother–infant dyads

Abstract Objective To evaluate the dynamical interplay between perinatal leptin concentrations and neonatal weight evolution until 3 months of age. Methods In a prospective observational study, maternal, cord blood and neonatal plasma leptin concentrations were correlated to birthweight and 3-month weight in 26 full-term, 20 preterm, and 17 intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) mother–neonate couples. Results The median of maternal, cord blood, neonatal leptin concentrations were significantly different among the three groups (p = 0.010; <0.001; =0.041 correspondingly). In the respect of the full-term group, higher concentrations were reported in preterm and IUGR mothers and lower concentrations in cord blood and neonatal plasma. The post-hoc comparisons showed that maternal concentrations were significantly higher in the IUGR group (p = 0.005 vs full-term), cord blood concentrations resulted always significantly lower (preterm, IUGR vs full-term p < 0.001) and neonatal concentrations were significantly lower in the preterm group (p = 0.018 vs full-term). Neonatal birthweight and 3-month weight were always significantly different among groups (p < 0.001), even if preterm and IUGR still had lower weight than full-term, the percent increasing of weight between birth and 3-month demonstrated that preterm and IUGR infants have grown significantly faster, (preterm, IUGR vs full-term p < 0.001). The univariable analysis showed a maternal leptin association with offspring’ birthweight (R = −38%, p = 0.006) and with 3-month weight (R = −43%, p = 0.002). Accounting for confounders, these associations lost significance. Cord blood leptin concentrations positively correlated with birthweight and with 3-month weight (both, p < 0.001). The latter correlation, when adjusting for birthweight became negative (R = −43% p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results showed that maternal leptin levels lost their influence on neonatal weight when considering confounders. At 3-month, once birthweight adjusted, the percent increasing of weight was statistically larger in preterm and IUGR than the full-term group and the correlation between cord blood leptin and weight turned negative, from positive at birth. These data may be a clue for further investigation on the relationship between perinatal leptin concentrations and catch-up growth.
YIPF5 mutations cause neonatal diabetes and microcephaly through endoplasmic reticulum stress

Neonatal diabetes is caused by single gene mutations reducing pancreatic β cell number or impairing β cell function. Understanding the genetic basis of rare diabetes subtypes highlights fundamental biological processes in β cells. We identified 6 patients from 5 families with homozygous mutations in the YIPF5 gene, which is involved in trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi. All patients had neonatal/early-onset diabetes, severe microcephaly, and epilepsy. YIPF5 is expressed during human brain development, in adult brain and pancreatic islets. We used 3 human β cell models (YIPF5 silencing in EndoC-βH1 cells, YIPF5 knockout and mutation knockin in embryonic stem cells, and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells) to investigate the mechanism through which YIPF5 loss of function affects β cells. Loss of YIPF5 function in stem cell–derived islet cells resulted in proinsulin retention in the ER, marked ER stress, and β cell failure. Partial YIPF5 silencing in EndoC-βH1 cells and a patient mutation in stem cells increased the β cell sensitivity to ER stress–induced apoptosis. We report recessive YIPF5 mutations as the genetic cause of a congenital syndrome of microcephaly, epilepsy, and neonatal/early-onset diabetes, highlighting a critical role of YIPF5 in β cells and neurons. We believe this is the first report of mutations disrupting the ER-to-Golgi trafficking, resulting in diabetes.
Comparative analysis of presentation and outcome after liver resection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with and without HIV.

OBJECTIVE Evidence shows that HIV infection may affect the survival outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we aimed to determine whether HIV affected the overall survival (OS) of patients with HCC in China and ascertain the risk factors. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Participants were enrolled from a single medical center in Guangzhou, China. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier plots and compared using the log-rank test. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to assess the effect of HIV seropositivity on patient OS while accounting for common prognostic factors. RESULTS The Kaplan-Meier plots showed that the median survival time of patients who were HIV-positive was 18 months shorter than that of their HIV-negative counterparts (P = 0.00, log rank). The 1- and 3-year rates of survival for HIV-positive patients were 65.4% and 29.9%, which were 93.3% and 79.1% for HIV-negative patients. The death rate due to tumor recurrence and liver failure in the HIV-positive patients were apparently higher than those of the HIV-negative patients (tumor recurrence, 42.3% vs. 17.3%, P = 0.016; liver failure, 19.2% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.012, respectively). Independent factors predicting survival were initial presentation, HIV serostatus, UNOS TNM stage, BCLC stage, AST, histological pattern and microvascular invasion. CONCLUSIONS HIV-positive subjects with HCC have poorer survival outcome than their HIV-negative counterparts, with tumor recurrence and liver failure as the main causes of death. Despite adequate curative therapy, HIV serostatus is associated with decreased survival of patients with HCC, independent of symptomatic presentation, tumor staging, and liver function.
Adiponectin antagonises LPS‐regulated secretion of inflammatory factors in airway epithelial cells, and its expression is regulated by many factors

Many studies have shown that adiponectin is closely related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the specific role of adiponectin in COPD is still not well understood. Adiponectin and IL‐6 expression in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) was detected by ELISA. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were stimulated with TNF‐α, IL‐6, apoptotic cells or LPS. Then, the expression of adiponectin was detected by qRT‐PCR and western blotting, and pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Adiponectin expression in AECOPD patients increased after treatment. TNF‐α and apoptotic cells promoted adiponectin expression in HBECs in a dose‐dependent manner, and apoptotic cells significantly promoted adiponectin secretion. IL‐6 also promoted adiponectin expression, but it inhibited adiponectin expression at high doses and with long treatment times. LPS inhibited adiponectin expression, but when HBECs were pretreated with anti‐TNF‐α and then treated with LPS, the expression and secretion of adiponectin increased significantly with increasing anti‐TNF‐α concentrations. Adiponectin stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors in HBECs, but this effect was not concentration dependent. Adiponectin promoted the secretion of anti‐inflammatory factors in a dose‐dependent manner. Although LPS also stimulated HBECs to secrete pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory factors, adiponectin inhibited LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory factor secretion and enhanced anti‐inflammatory factor secretion. Many factors regulate the expression and secretion of adiponectin, and adiponectin regulates the balance of the inflammatory response and inhibits further expansion of inflammation.
Intimate partner violence is associated with poorer maternal mental health and breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh

Abstract Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) can have profound adverse consequences on maternal and child health. This study aimed to: (1) identify factors associated with IPV during pregnancy and postpartum in Bangladesh; and (2) assess the associations between IPV and maternal mental health and breastfeeding practices. We used data from a cross-sectional survey of 2000 mothers with children <6 months in four districts in Bangladesh. We applied multivariable logistic regression models to examine factors associated with IPV and structural equation modelling to assess the inter-relationships between IPV, maternal common mental disorders (CMD, measured by Self-reporting Questionnaire ≥7) and breastfeeding practices. Overall, 49.7% of mothers experienced violence during the last 12 months and 28% of mothers had high levels of CMD. Only 54% of women reported early initiation of breastfeeding and 64% reported exclusive breastfeeding. Women were more likely to experience IPV if living in food-insecure households, being of low socio-economic status, having low autonomy or experiencing inequality in education compared with husbands (OR ranged from 1.6 to 2.8). Women exposed to IPV were 2–2.3 times more likely to suffer from high levels of CMD and 28–34% less likely to breastfeed their babies exclusively. The indirect path (the indirect effects of IPV on breastfeeding through CMD) through maternal CMD accounted for 14% of the relationship between IPV on breastfeeding practice. In conclusion, IPV is pervasive in Bangladesh and is linked to increased risks of CMD and poor breastfeeding practices. Integrating effective interventions to mitigate IPV, along with routine maternal and child health services and involving men in counselling services, could help both to reduce exposure to IPV among women and to contribute to better health outcomes for women and children.
Interaction of the surface bound antimicrobial peptides melimine and Mel4 with Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract Melimine and Mel4 are cationic antimicrobial peptides which can resist biofilm development once bound to biomaterials. The aim of the current study was to determine the mode of action of bound melimine and Mel4 against S. aureus. The peptides were covalently attached to glass using an azidobenzoic acid linker. The amount of attached peptides was confirmed by XPS and amino acid analysis and their covalent attachment by SDS extraction. The release of autolysins after interaction of S. aureus with immobilized peptides was determined in cell free supernatants. The interaction of immobilized peptides with lipoteichoic acid was confirmed by ELISA. Membrane damage by surface bound peptides was assessed using DiSC(3)-5 (membrane potential sensitive), Syto-9 (membrane permeable) and PI (membrane impermeable) dyes with fluorescence microscopy. Release of ATP and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) was measured in the surrounding fluid. Attachment of the peptides resulted in increased N% for melimine (5.4 ± 1.8%) and for Mel4 (4.8 ± 1.8%). The concentrations of immobilised amino acids were 0.297 nmole for melimine and 0.358 nmole for Mel4. SDS extraction released < 15% of peptides from the glass. The immobilized peptides bound ≥ 4 times more LTA than control surfaces. More autolysins (8 ± 2%; p = 0.026) were released from Mel4 than melimine or control surfaces. Membrane depolarization occurred at 15 min and was associated with a reduction in bacterial viability ≥ 37% for both peptides (p < 0.001). Disruption of the membrane potential resulted in loss of ATP from melimine (0.9 ± 0.4 nM) or Mel4 (0.6 ± 0.3 nM) coated surfaces compared to control (p < 0.001). Melimine coatings yielded 27 ± 11% (p = 0.026) and Mel4 gave 17 ± 12% (p = 0.150) PI stained cells after 4 h. DNA/RNA was released only by melimine coatings (2.1 ± 0.1 times; p = 0.011) compared to process control at 6 h. Both bound peptides resulted in the release of ATP, but only melimine released DNA/RNA while Mel4-coating resulted in the release of autolysins. Since the mode of action of melimine and Mel4 relate to the cell surface, they have potential for the development of infection-resistant implants.