Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrance laws of generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes and asymptotic strong Feller property for non-autonomous semigroups

This thesis is concerned with Markovian two-parameter semigroups (ps,t)s≤t and the associated evolution systems of measures (also called entrance laws) in Hilbert spaces. Evolution systems of measures corresponding to a twoparameter semigroup are an important generalization of the concept of invariant measures for a one-parameter semigroup. An evolution system of measures (νt)t∈R in a Hilbert space H satisfies the following identity: ∫ H ps,tf(x)νs(dx) = ∫ H f(x)νt(dx), s ≤ t, s, t ∈ R. The first part of this thesis deals with ergodic properties of Markovian two-parameter semigroups in Hilbert spaces. An important tool here, is the so-called asymptotic strong Feller property , which allows to prove the uniqueness of the corresponding evolution system of measures for a two-parameter semigroups (ps,t)s≤t. In the first part of this work, we give an analytical criterion for the asymptotic strong Feller property and show how it can be used to prove the uniqueness of T -periodic evolution systems of measures. As an application, we check the validity of the asymptotic strong Feller property for the Markovain semigroups associated with a quite general class of stochastic partial differential equations with time-dependent coefficients. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the analysis of the set of all evolution systems of measures and to showing the existence of a representation for an arbitrary evolution system of measures as a convex combination of their extremal points. Then, the extremal points of this set is completely characterized for the particular case of generalized Mehler semigroups which are the transition semigroup of generalized time-inhomogeneous OrnsteinUhlenbeck processes. We also give an alternative proof of the uniqueness of T -periodic evolution system of measures (in the particular case of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes) by using the explicit form of the corresponding extremal points. This establishes the connection between the both parts of this work.
OP-ICVA200324 817..824

OBJECTIVES: Assessment of early outcomes in patients with normal preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in whom venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was implanted for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) during the first postoperative 48 h. METHODS: Retrospective single-centre analysis in adult patients with normal LVEF, who received VA-ECMO support for PCCS from May 1998 to May 2018. The primary outcome was 30-day perioperative mortality during the index hospitalization. RESULTS: A total of 62 125 adult patients underwent cardiac surgery at our institution during the study period. Among them, 173 patients (0.3%) with normal preoperative LVEF required VA-ECMO for PCCS. Among them, 71 (41.1%) patients presented PCCS due to coronary M EC H A N IC A L C IR C U LA TO R Y SU P P O R T VC The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 32 (2021) 817–824 ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1093/icvts/ivaa323 Advance Access publication 8 January 2021 malperfusion and in 102 (58.9%) patients, no evident cause was found for PCCS. Median duration of VA-ECMO support was 5 days (interquartile range 2–8 days). A total of 135 (78.0%) patients presented VA-ECMO-related complications and the overall 30-day perioperative mortality was 57.8%. Independent predictors of mortality were: lactate level just before VA-ECMO implantation [odds ratio (OR) 1.27; P < 0.001], major bleeding during VA-ECMO (OR 3.76; P = 0.001), prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR 1.01; P < 0.001) and female gender (OR 4.87; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates of VA-ECMO in PCCS patients are high, even in those with preoperative normal LVEF. Coronary problems are an important cause of PCCS; however, the aetiology remains unknown in the vast majority of the cases. The implantation of VA-ECMO before development of tissue hypoperfusion and the control of VA-ECMO-associated complications are the most important prognostic factors in PCCS patients. Lactate levels may help guide timing of VA-ECMO implantation and define the extent of therapeutic effort.
Mixed b3-adrenoceptor agonist and a1-adrenoceptor antagonist properties of nebivolol in rat thoracic aorta

1 Nebivolol, a selective b-adrenoceptor (b1-AR) antagonist, induces vasodilatation by an endotheliumand NO-cGMP-dependent pathway. However, the mechanisms involved in the vascular effect of nebivolol have not been established. Thus, we evaluated the role of a1 and b3-ARs in nebivolol-induced vasodilatation. 2 The responses to nebivolol were investigated in vitro in thoracic aortic rings isolated from male Sprague–Dawley rats. 3 Nebivolol (0.1–10 mM) significantly shifted the concentration–response curve to phenylephrine, an a1-AR agonist, to the right in a concentration-dependent manner (pA21⁄4 6.5). Conversely, the concentration–response curve to endothelin 1 (ET1) was unaffected by nebivolol. 4 In ET1-precontracted rings, nebivolol induced a concentration-dependent relaxation, which was unaffected by nadolol (a b1/b2-AR antagonist) but was significantly reduced by L-748,337 (a b3-AR antagonist), endothelium removal or pretreatment with L-NMMA (an NOS inhibitor). Similar results were obtained with a b3-AR agonist, SR 58611A. 5 It was concluded that, in rat aorta, nebivolol-induced relaxation results from both inhibition of a1-ARs and activation of b3-ARs. In addition, we confirmed that the endothelium and the NO pathway are involved in the vascular effect of nebivolol. The identification of these vascular targets of nebivolol indicate that it has therapeutic potential for the treatment of pathological conditions associated with an elevation of sympathetic tone, such as heart failure and hypertension. British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 699–706. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp. 0706648; published online 6 February 2006
Transurethral and Lower Tract Procedures Ambulatory-Based Bladder Outlet Procedures Offer Significant Cost Savings and Comparable 30-Day Outcomes Relative to Inpatient Procedures

Introduction and Objectives: Budgetary constraints and novel minimally invasive surgical approaches have resulted in surgical care being increasingly provided at ambulatory centers rather than traditional inpatient settings. Despite increasing use of ambulatory-based procedure for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) procedures, little is known about the effect of care setting on perioperative outcomes and costs. We sought to compare 30-day readmissions rates and costs of BOO procedure performed in the ambulatory vs inpatient setting. Methods: Using Florida and New York all-payer data from the 2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Databases, we identified patients who underwent transurethral resection, thermotherapy, or laser/ photovaporization for BOO. Patient demographics, regional data, 30-day readmissions rates, and costs (from converted charges) associated with the index procedure and revisits were analyzed. Predictors of 30-day revisits were also identified by fitting a multivariate logistic regression model with facility-level clustering. Results: Of the 15,094 patients identified, 1444 (9.6%) had a 30-day revisit at a median cost of $4263.43. The 30-day readmission rate for inpatient cases was significantly higher than that of surgeries performed in the ambulatory setting (12.0% vs 8.1%, p < 0.001). Payer status (private vs Medicare: odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62–0.95; p = 0.02) and index care setting (ambulatory vs inpatient: OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.40–0.57; p < 0.001) predicted 30-day revisits. Conclusions: We identified that index care setting and payer status are independent predictors of 30-day revisit after BOO procedure, with the inpatient setting and Medicare insurance associated with higher odds of revisit. Ambulatory procedures are significantly less costly than procedures performed in the inpatient setting, even after accounting for ambulatory procedures leading to an admission. There is an obvious cost benefit of offering BOO procedure in the ambulatory setting to the appropriate patient. In the context of value-based health care initiatives, our findings have important implications for policymakers seeking to reduce variation in nonclinical sources of perioperative costs and outcomes.
OP-ICVA200284 467..475

OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to compare the haemodynamic effects of different mechanical left ventricular (LV) unloading strategies and clinical outcomes in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VAECMO). METHODS: A total of 448 patients supported with VA-ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock between 1 March 2015 and 31 January 2020 were included and analysed in a single-centre, retrospective case–control study. Fifty-three patients (11.8%) on VA-ECMO required LV unloading. Percutaneous balloon atrial septostomy (PBAS), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and transapical LV vent (TALVV) strategies were compared with regards to the composite rate of death, procedure-related complications and neurological complications. The secondary outcomes were reduced pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, central venous pressure, left atrial diameter and resolution of pulmonary oedema on a chest X-ray within 48 h. EX TR A C O R P O R EA L TE C H N O LO G IE S VC The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 32 (2021) 467–475 ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1093/icvts/ivaa284 Advance Access publication 29 November 2020 RESULTS: No death related to the LV unloading procedure was detected. Reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was highest with the TALVV technique (17.2 ± 2.1 mmHg; P < 0.001) and was higher in the PBAS than in the IABP group; the difference was significant (9.6 ± 2.5 and 3.9 ± 1.3, respectively; P = 0.001). Reduction in central venous pressure with TALVV was highest with the other procedures (7.4 ± 1.1 mmHg; P < 0.001). However, procedure-related complications were significantly higher with TALVV compared to the PBAS and IABP groups (50% vs 17.6% and 10%, respectively; P = 0.015). We observed no significant differences in mortality or neurological complications between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that TALVV was the most effective method for LV unloading compared with PBAS and IABP for VAECMO support but was associated with complications. Efficient LV unloading may not improve survival.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Symptom Interference inAdvanced Lung Cancer and Caregiver Distress: A Pilot RandomizedTrial

Methods—Symptomatic, advanced lung cancer patients and distressed caregivers (n=50 dyads) were randomly assigned to six sessions of ACT or an education/support condition. Patients completed measures of symptom interference and measures assessing the severity of fatigue, pain, sleep disturbance, and breathlessness. Patients and caregivers completed measures of distress and illness acceptance and struggle.
Research Review: Peadiatric Anxiety Disorders: What have we learnt in the last 10 years?

Background—Anxiety disorders first emerge during the critical developmental periods of childhood and adolescence. This review synthesizes recent findings on the prevalence, risk factors, and course of the anxiety disorders; and their neurobiology and treatment. Methods—For this unstructured review, searches were conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo, and clinicaltrials.gov. Findings related to the epidemiology, neurobiology, risk factors and treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders were then summarized. Findings—Anxiety disorders are high prevalence, and early onset conditions associated with multiple risk factors including early inhibited temperament, environment stress and structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal-amygdala circuitry as well as the default mode and salience networks. The anxiety disorders are effectively treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Conclusions—Anxiety disorders are high prevalence, early onset conditions associated with a distinct neurobiological fingerprint, and are consistently responsive to treatment. Questions remain regarding who is at risk for developing anxiety disorders as well as the way in which neurobiology predicts treatment response. To whom correspondence should be sent: Jeffrey R. Strawn, MD, University of Cincinnati, Dept. of Psychiatry, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0559, Phone: 513.558. 7700, strawnjr@uc.edu. *Drs. Strawn and Lu are co-first authors and contributed equally HHS Public Access Author manuscript J Child Psychol Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2022 February 01. Published in final edited form as: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021 February ; 62(2): 114–139. doi:10.1111/jcpp.13262. A uhor M anscript
Hippocampal subfield-specific connectivity findings in major depressive disorder using 7 Tesla diffusion MRI

Objective—Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) enables non-invasive characterization of white matter (WM) structures in vivo. Literature suggests that certain WM tracts are affected in major depressive disorder (MDD). Hippocampal-specific dMRI measures have not been explored in MDD. We use 7 Tesla dMRI to investigate changes in hippocampal subfield connectivity of MDD patients. Methods—Eighteen MDD patients and eighteen matched healthy volunteers underwent 7 Tesla MRI. The hippocampal formations were segmented by subfields and tractography was performed to determine streamline count (SC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD) in patients and controls. Significant subfield connectivity measures were also correlated with age at depression onset. Results—Compared with controls, MDD patients exhibited reduced SC in the molecular layer of the left denate gyrus (p < 0.001). SC count in the left dentate gyrus was shown to positively correlate with age at disease onset (p < 0.05). Increased MD was observed in fibers emanating from both the left (p = 0.0001) and right (p < 0.001) fimbriae in MDD patients. Conclusions—Increased MD of tracts in the fimbriae suggests compromised neuronal membranes in the major hippocampal output gate. Reduced SC of the dentate gyri also infers a disruption of normal cellular processes such as neurogenesis. These findings may have significant Corresponding Author: John Rutland, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue; Floor 1, New York, NY 10029, jack.rutland@mssm.edu, Tel: 212-824-8471, Fax: 646-537-9589. *Drs. Balchandani and Murrough contributed equally to this work. Conflict of interest Dr. Balchandani’s and Dr. Murrough’s work has been funded by the NIH. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest. HHS Public Access Author manuscript J Psychiatr Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 June 30. Published in final edited form as: J Psychiatr Res. 2019 April ; 111: 186–192. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires. 2019.02. 008. A uhor M anscript
Development of Drugs for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease

ABBREVIATIONS: 6MWT = 6 Drug Administration; MAC = nontuberculous mycobacterial tient-reported outcome AFFILIATIONS: From the Dep Flume), Medical University o versity of Texas Health Science Division of Molecular and Cli sity of Dundee, Dundee, Scotla and Kasperbauer), National Je orado, Denver, CO; Laborat Olivier), Pulmonary Branch, N National Institutes of Health, Critical Care and Sleep Medi versity Medical Center, Was Critical Care Medicine (Dr A
CHOLERA STUDIES * t 5 . Bacteriophage Investigations

This study is devoted to a general discussion of the role of bacteriophagy in cholera. The author examines early and late observations, indicating that a new epoch in the history of the subject began in 1927, when large-scale investigations on cholera bacteriophagy were started in India. The main results are set out under the following headings: fixation and inhibition of choleraphages; action of choleraphages on El Tor vibrios; bacteriophageproduced vibrio variations; and the use of choleraphage-produced lysates for vaccination.
Special Section on Sexual Dimorphism in Neuroimmune Cells Microglia and Other Myeloid Cells in Central Nervous System Health and Disease

Mononuclear macrophages derived from the bone marrow (myeloid cells) are key cellular components of the innate immune system in different organs. In this minireview, we are focused on both brain and blood macrophages, known as microglia and mono- cytes, respectively. We provide a succinct summary of the cells ’ functions under both normal and pathologic conditions, with particular reference to common neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. In this minireview, we aim to summarize available literature on microglial and myeloid involvement in CNS disease, directing the reader toward relevant and translatable interpretations of mye- loid cell function in CNS health and neurodegeneration.
Effects of HD-tDCS on Local GABA and Glutamate Levels among Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Exploratory Study

Background: Prior research, primarily with young adults, suggests transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects are driven by the primary excitatory and/or inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively. Objective/Hypothesis: We examined the neurometabolic mechanisms of tDCS in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Method: We used data from a double-blind, cross-over, randomized controlled trial (NCT01958437) in 32 older adults to evaluate High Definition (HD-) tDCS-induced changes in glutamate and GABA via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Participants underwent MRS following two counterbalanced HD-tDCS sessions (one active, one sham) that targeted the right superior parietal cortex (center anode at P2) and delivered 2mA for 20 minutes. Results: Relative to sham, and when co-varying for MRS voxel overlap and right superior parietal volume, active HD-tDCS significantly increased GABA and decreased the ratio of glutamate to GABA. No changes were observed in a left prefrontal control MRS voxel. Although we did not find a significant correlation between strength of delivered current (measured via MRI-based computational modeling) and neurometabolite change, there was a robust positive relationship between the volume of right superior parietal cortex and neurometabolite change. Corresponding Author: Benjamin M. Hampstead, University of Michigan, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd Ste C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, Office: 800-525-5188, Fax: 734-936-9262, bhampste@med.umich. edu. Author contributions: KL led data analyses and AK led MRS extraction. KL and BMH drafted and finalized the manuscript with input from all authors. BMH was also responsible for funding as well as study design, conduct, and administration. Declaration of interest: None. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System’s Institutional Research Board approved this study. All participants provided written informed consent. HHS Public Access Author manuscript J Alzheimers Dis. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2022 March 16. Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2021 ; 84(3): 1091–1102. doi:10.3233/JAD-201091. A uhor M anscript
Use of Performance

Objectives. To understand how managed care plans use performance measures for quality improvement and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of currently used standardized performance measures such as the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS®) and the Consumer Assessment ofHealth Plans (CAHPS®') survey. Data Sources/Study Setting. Representatives (chief executive officers, medical directors, and quality-improvement directors) from 24 health plans in four states were surveyed. The overall response rate was 58.3 percent, with a mean of 1.8 respondents per plan. Study Design. This exploratory qualitative research used a purposive sample of respondents. Two study authors conducted separate one-hour tape-recorded telephone interviews with multiple respondents from each health plan. Principal Findings. All managed care organizations interviewed use performance measures for quality improvement but the degree and sophistication of use varies. Many of our respondent plans use performance measures to target quality-improvement initiatives, evaluate current performance, establish goals for quality improvement, identify the root cause of problems, and monitor performance. Condusion. Performance measures are used for quality improvement in addition to informing external constituents, but additional research is needed to understand how the benefits of measurement can be maximized.
Non Ruminant Nutrition Supplemental methionine and stocking density affect antioxidant status, fatty acid profiles, and growth performance of broiler chickens

Broilers stocked in high densities may be prone to oxidative and inflammatory insults, resulting in impaired health status, growth performance, and meat quality. This study was to determine if 30% extra supplemental dl-methionine alleviated or prevented those adverse effects of a higher stocking density in broiler chickens. A total of 560 male Cornish Cross cockerels (day old) were divided into four groups: two stocking densities (9 and 12 birds/m2) and two supplementations of methionine (grower: 2.90 or 3.77 g/kg and finisher: 2.60 or 3.38 g/kg). Growth performance was recorded weekly. Blood and tissues were sampled at the end of each period. High stocking density decreased (P < 0.05) body weight and growth performance of growers and (or) finishers. Those differences were partially attenuated by the extra methionine supplementation. The high methionine elevated (P < 0.05) glutathione (GSH) concentration in the thigh at both ages (> 24%). The high stocking density elevated (>28%, P < 0.05) glutathione concentration in the plasma, breast, and thigh of growers, but decreased (P < 0.05) it in the liver of growers and thigh of finishers. Interaction effects (P < 0.05) between dietary methionine and stocking density were found on activities of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione S-transferase in the liver of growers and breast, thigh, and adipose tissue of finishers. The interaction effect was also found on activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the thigh of growers. The extra methionine decreased (P < 0.05) hepatic gene expression of heat shock protein 90 (18%) and thigh and breast malondialdehyde concentrations of the finishers (35%). In conclusion, the 30% extra dl-methionine supplementation was able to partially mitigate adverse effects caused by the higher stocking density and to improve the redox status of the broilers.
CONCISE PUBLICATIONS Epinephrine: Selective Inhibition of the Acute Insulin Response

This work was presented in part at the 30th Annual Meeting of the American Diabetes Association, St. Louis, Mo. , June, 1970. Dr. Porte is the recipient of a Research Career Development Award 1K4 AM 8865. Dr. Lerner is the recipient of a Research Fellowship AM 40872. Received for publication 1 June 1971 and in revised form 2 August 197