Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 outcompetes HIV-2 in dually infected Senegalese subjects with low CD4 counts

Coding Guide Example: MOAA01 (Weekday) MO (Session type) AA (Session order) 01 Weekdays: SU (Sunday), MO (Monday), TU (Tuesday), WE (Wednesday), TH (Thursday), FR (Friday) Session types: oral abstract sessions AA (Track A), AB (Track B), AC (Track C), AD (Track D), AE (Track E), AX (Cross-Track), LBA (Late Breaker Track A), LBB (Late Breaker Track B), LBC (Late Breaker Track C), LBD (Late Breaker Track D), LBE (Late Breaker Track E), LBX (Late Breaker Cross-Track); oral poster discussions sessions PDA (Track A), PDB (Track B), PDC (Track C), PDD (Track D), PDE (Track E) PDX (Cross-Track) Session order: 01, 02, 03, 04, etc. Abstracts of the XIX International AIDS Conference Journal of the International AIDS Society 2012, 15 (Suppl 3) Track C Epidemiology and Prevention Science
New evidence for large earthquakes on the Central Iran plateau: palaeoseismology of the Anar fault

SUMMARY The Central Iran plateau appears aseismic during the last few millenniums based on instrumental and historical seismic records. Nevertheless, it is sliced by several strike-slip faults that are hundreds of kilometres long. These faults display along-strike, horizontal offsets of intermittent gullies that suggest the occurrence of earthquakes in the Holocene. Establishing this is crucial for accurately assessing the regional seismic hazard. The first palaeoseismic study performed on the 200-km long, NS striking Anar fault shows that this right-lateral fault hosted three large (Mw≈ 7) earthquakes during the Holocene or possibly Uppermost Pleistocene for the older one. These three seismic events are recorded within a sedimentary succession, which is not older than 15 ka, suggesting an average recurrence of at most 5 ka. The six optically stimulated luminescence ages available provide additional constraints and allow estimating that the three earthquakes have occurred within the following time intervals: 4.4 ± 0.8, 6.8 ± 1 and 9.8 ± 2 ka. The preferred age of the more recent event, ranging between 3600 and 5200 yr, suggests that the fault is approaching the end of its seismic cycle and the city of Anar could be under the threat of a destructive earthquake in the near future. In addition, our results confirm a previous minimum slip rate estimate of 0.8 ± 0.1 mm yr−1 for the Anar fault indicating that the westernmost prominent right-lateral faults of the Central Iran plateau are characterized by slip rates close to 1 mm yr−1. These faults, which have repeatedly produced destructive earthquakes with large magnitudes and long recurrence interval of several thousands of years during the Holocene, show that the Central Iran plateau does not behave totally as a rigid block and that its moderate internal deformation is nonetheless responsible for a significant seismic hazard.
Occupational Balance among Parents of Typically Developing Children and Parents of Children with Disabilities Living in Qatar

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Sphingosine Kinase as an Oncogene: Autocrine Sphingosine 1-Phoshate Modulates ML-1 Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Migration by a Mechanism Dependent on Protein Kinase C- (cid:1) and ERK1/2

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) induces migration of the human thyroid follicular carcinoma cell line ML-1 by activation of S1P 1 and S1P 3 receptors, G i proteins, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-ki-nase-Akt pathway. Because sphingosine kinase isoform 1 (SK) recently has been implicated as an oncogene in various cancer cell systems, we investigated the functions of SK in the migration, proliferation and adhesion of the ML-1 cell line. SK overexpressing ML-1 cells show an enhanced secretion of S1P, which can be attenuated, by inhibiting SK activity and a multidrug-resistant transport protein (ATP-binding cassette transporter). Furthermore, overexpression of SK enhances serum-induced migration of ML-1 cells, which can be attenuated by blocking ATP-binding cassette transporter and SK, suggesting that the migration is mediated by autocrine signaling through secretion of S1P. Inhibition of protein kinase C (cid:1) , with both small interfering RNA (siRNA) and small molecular inhibitors attenuates migration in SK overexpressing cells. In addition, SK-overexpress-ing cells show an impaired adhesion, slower cell growth, and an up-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, as compared with cells expressing a dominant-negative SK. Taken together, we present evidence suggesting that SK enhances migration of ML-1 cells by an autocrine mechanism and that the S1P-evoked migration is dependent on protein kinase C (cid:1) , ERK1/2, and SK. ( Endocrinology 150: 2055–2063,
Comparison of Astigmatism Correction Using Shorter Arc Length 90 / 120 Asymmetric Intacs Severe Keratoconus Versus 150 Single-Segment Intacs Severe Keratoconus in Asymmetric Keratoconus

Methods: Retrospective prospective study in patients of asymmetric keratoconus with more than 2 diopters (D) of refractive astigmatism. Group 1 included 16 eyes of 16 patients who underwent 150 singlesegment Intacs SK implantation, and group 2 included 16 eyes of 12 patients who underwent asymmetric shorter arc length 90 /120 Intacs SK implantation. Patients younger than 35 years were crosslinked. Parameters studied included preoperative and postoperative (1 and 9 months) uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, and corneal topography.
Learning curve and interobserver reproducibility evaluation of liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography

Background/Aims Fibroscan allows liver stiffness examination (LSE) that is well correlated with fibrosis stages. Our main objective was to evaluate LSE learning curve. Methods LSE results of five novice observers with different medical status were compared with those of five expert observers (physicians with >100 examinations) in 250 patients with chronic liver disease. Each novice–expert pair had to blindly examine 50 consecutive patients divided into five consecutive subgroups of 10 patients. Results In each observer group, novice–expert agreement [intraclass correlation coefficient (Ric)] for LSE results was excellent from the first to the last subgroup. Novice–expert agreement for LSE results varied with liver stiffness level: <9 kPa: Ric=0.49; ≥9 kPa: Ric=0.87. Relative difference (%) between novice and expert LSE results was independently associated with the number of valid LSE measurements, and stabilizes around 20–30% after the fourth valid measurement. In each observer group, novice–expert agreement (Ric) for LSE success rate progressively increased as a function of time. Conclusion LSE requires no learning curve: a novice is able to obtain a reliable result after a single training session, whatever the professional status. However, success rate will progressively increase. An LSE with less than four valid measurements should not be considered as reliable.
CD44 Binds to Macrophage Mannose Receptor on Lymphatic Endothelium and Supports Lymphocyte Migration via Afferent Lymphatics Short Communication

components or amino acids. 6,7 The best-characterized ligand for leukocyte CD44 is hyaluronan, present on the endothelial cell surface of blood vessels, and this interaction is important in the rolling phase of leukocyte extravasation. In addition, CD44 on mature leukocytes binds to endothelial selectins, and it can induce signals activating other adhesion molecules (eg, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1). 5,8 the cysteine-rich of MRC binds to the chondroitin sulfate side chains of CD44. In vivo with MRC- and CD44-deficient verified that MRC and CD44 function as a receptor-ligand pair in supporting lymphocyte migration via the afferent lymphatics into the draining nodes. These data identify a new counter-receptor for MRC and reveal CD44 as a new molecule involved in the poorly understood process of lymphocyte transit via the lymphatic vasculature. Circ Res . 2013;112:1577-1582. ) entrance into afferent lymphatic vessels and could provide new targets to regulate harmful cell trafficking in inflammatory diseases. h the cells were stained using 1 microgram of CD44-Fc and control (CD4-Ig) chimera. Binding of the chimeras was detected by sequential incubations with FITC anti-human IgG and Alexa-488 conjugated anti-FITC Ig. In certain experiments, the cells were thereafter permeabilized with acetone, blocked with 5% FCS, and incubated with anti-myc antibody (CRL 1729 from ATCC) or a negative control mAb (both mouse IgGs). Finally the mouse mAbs were detected using PE-conjugated anti-mouse Ig. The cells were analyzed using FACSCalibur and CellQuest software (BD Biosciences). When indicated the chimeras were treated with chondroitinase ABC (0.2U, Sigma).
Mapping diversified peri-urban agriculture – potential of object-based versus per-field land cover/land use classification

High spatial resolution satellite data contribute to improving land cover/land use (LCLU) classification in agriculture. A classification procedure based on Quickbird satellite image data was developed to map LCLU of diversified agriculture at sub-communal and communal level (7 km2). Segmentation performance of the panchromatic band in combination with high pass filters (HPF) was tested first. Accuracy of field boundary delineation was evaluated by an object-based segmentation, a per-field and a manual classification, along with a quantitative accuracy assessment. Sub-communal classification revealed an overall accuracy of 84% with a κ coefficient of 0.77 for the per-field vector segmentation compared to an overall accuracy of 56–60% and a κ coefficient of 0.37–0.42 for object-based approaches. Per-field vector segmentation was thus superior and used for LCLU classification at communal level. Overall accuracy scored 83% and the κ coefficient 0.7. In diversified agriculture, per-field vector segmentation and classification achieved higher classification results.
Land Use and Crop Diversity in Two Iban Communities, Sarawak, Malaysia

Abstract Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 97: 98–110, 1997. The difference in agricultural strategies of two Iban communities located in the hilly interior and the coastal zone of Sarawak, respectively, is studied through interviews, field measurements, and botanical collections. The diversity of crops and farming environments is very similar in both communities, the main difference being the production of wet rice with high yields in the coastal area. Here, self-sufficiency has been achieved, and with rice as the most important cash crop, intensification of farming practices is not an immediate priority. In the hilly area, rice production is very low and although yield increases may be possible with appropriate farming techniques, self-sufficiency is unrealistic at present. The subsidised cultivation of cash crops supplements the rice production, but failure of cocoa and unstable prices of pepper and rubber illustrate the need for careful monitoring of cash crop schemes. In addition, al.
Geometry, kinematics, and regional significance of the Chong Shan shear zone, Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, Yunnan, China

The geology east of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis is poorly known, although it figures prominently in many models for the Cenozoic tectonics of the India-Eurasia collision and subsequent intracontinental deformation. The little known Chong Shan shear zone a ∼250-km–long and ∼10-km–wide metamorphic belt composed mainly of mylonitic augen gneisses and migmatites, forms a major shear zone developed during early Cenozoic extrusion of the Indochina crustal (lithospheric? ) fragment. Foliation within the shear zone is moderately to steeply west dipping, and stretching lineations are subhorizontal, consistent with dominantly strike-slip transport. Kinematic indicators including rotated porphyroclasts, S-C fabrics, and asymmetric folds provide evidence for both dextral and sinistral movements. Our preliminary geo-chronological studies indicate that the Chong Shan shear zone has been active since at least ca. 34 Ma, and perhaps as early as 41 Ma. Strike-slip shearing continued at least until ca. 29 Ma, perhaps as late as ca. 24 Ma, and terminated by ca. 17 Ma. The Chong Shan shear zone, therefore, is not a belt of Precambrian metamorphic rocks as previously interpreted, but a Cenozoic shear zone of great significance, which was contemporaneous with movement on the left-lateral Ailao Shan shear zone and the right-lateral Gaoligong Shan shear zone two shear zones that bound the Indochina fragment on the east and west, respectively. Our data from the Chong Shan shear zone along with the data presented elsewhere from the Gaoligong Shan shear zone indicate that while the region between the Gaoligong Shan shear zone and Ailao Shan shear zone extruded to the southeast, it did not extrude as a single rigid block, but rather it was dismembered into at least two major fragments, the Baoshan to the west and the Lanping-Simao to the east separated by the Chong Shan shear zone. Our study of the Chong Shan shear zone suggests it and the other major early Cenozoic shear zones formed part of a broad major shear zone that passes into eastern Tibet between the Qiang-tang and Lhasa tectonic units.
Elevated Expression of LGR5 and WNT Signaling Factors in Neuroblastoma Cells With Acquired Drug Resistance

Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric solid cancer with high fatality, relapses, and acquired resistance to chemotherapy, that requires new therapeutic approaches to improve survival. LGR5 is a receptor that potentiates WNT/signaling pathway and has been reported to promote development and survival in several adult cancers. In this study we investigated LGR5 expression in a panel of NB cell lines with acquired resistance to vincristine or doxorubicin. We show LGR5-LRP6 cooperation with enhanced expression in drug resistant NB cell lines compared to parental cells, suggesting a role for LGR5 in the emergence of drug resistance, warranting further investigation
MYELOID NEOPLASIA Impact of isolated germline JAK2V617I mutation on human hematopoiesis

characterize the hemato-poieticandsignalingimpactof JAK2V617I . ThroughtargetedsequencingofMPN-associated mutations, exome sequencing, and clonality analysis, we demonstrate that JAK2V617I is likely to be the sole driver mutation in JAK2V617I-positive individuals with thrombocytosis. Phenotypic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were increased in the blood and bone marrow of JAK2V617I-positive individuals and were sustained at higher levels than controls after xenotransplantation. In signaling and transcriptional assays, JAK2V617I demonstrated more activity than wild-type JAK2 but substantially less than JAK2V617F. After cytokine stimulation, JAK2V617I resulted in markedly increased downstream signaling compared with wild-type JAK2 and comparable with JAK2V617F. These findings demonstrate that JAK2V617I induces sufficient cytokine hyperresponsiveness in the absence of other molecular eventsto inducea homogeneousMPN-like phenotype. Wealso provideevidencethat the JAK2V617I mutation may expand the HSC pool, providing insights into both JAK2 mutation biology and MPN disease pathogenesis. ( Blood . 2013;121(20):4156-4165) of total CD45 1 cells within NSG BM with both lymphoid (CD19 1 ) and myeloid (CD15/CD33/CD66b 1 ) cells present. All experiments were conducted in accordance with UK Home Of ﬁ ce – approved Project License 30/2570. For monitoring engraftment, BM aspirates were lysed in ammonium chloride. Nonspeci ﬁ c antibody binding was blocked by preincubation in both human (Miltenyil Biotech) and mouse Fc-blocking reagents. Cells were stained with anti-human CD45-AF700 (clone HI30, Biolegend), CD19-PE (clone SJ25C1, BD), CD15-FITC (clone MMA, BD), CD33- FITC (clone P67.6, BD), CD66b-FITC (clone G10F5, BD), and CD34-allophycocyanin (clone 8G12, BD), and anti-mouse CD45-Paci ﬁ c Orange (clone 30-F11, Invitrogen). Progenitor cell staging was as for analysis of primary BM samples with the addition of anti-mouse CD45-Paci ﬁ c Orange (clone 30-F11, Invitrogen). Viable cells were visualized by exclusion of 7- aminoactinomycin D (Invitrogen) and analyzed on ﬂ uorescence-activated cell sorting LSRII (Beckton Dickinson).
1 (cid:2) ,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Regulates Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Dynamics in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells * □

Muscle weakness and myopathy are observed in vitamin D deficiency and chronic renal failure, where concentrations of the active vitamin D 3 metabolite, 1 (cid:2) ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1 (cid:2) ,25(OH) 2 D 3 ), are low. To evaluate the mechanism of action of 1 (cid:2) ,25(OH) 2 D 3 in skeletal muscle, we examined mitochondrial oxygen consumption, dynamics, and biogenesis and changes in expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in human skeletal muscle cells following treatment with 1 (cid:2) ,25(OH) 2 D 3 . The mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) increased in 1 (cid:2) ,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treated cells. Vitamin D 3 metabolites lacking a 1 (cid:2) -hydroxyl group (vitamin D 3 , 25-hy-droxyvitamin D 3 , and 24 R ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ) decreased or failed to increase OCR. 1 (cid:2) -Hydroxyvitamin D 3 did not increase OCR. In 1 (cid:2) ,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treated cells, mitochondrial volume and branching and expression of the pro-fusion protein OPA1
Frequency‐domain acoustic‐elastic coupled waveform inversion using the Gauss‐Newton conjugate gradient method

We developed a frequency‐domain acoustic‐elastic coupled waveform inversion based on the Gauss‐Newton conjugate gradient method. Despite the use of a high‐performance computer system and a state‐of‐the‐art parallel computation algorithm, it remained computationally prohibitive to calculate the approximate Hessian explicitly for a large‐scale inverse problem. Therefore, we adopted the conjugate gradient least‐squares algorithm, which is frequently used for geophysical inverse problems, to implement the Gauss‐Newton method so that the approximate Hessian is calculated implicitly. Thus, there was no need to store the Hessian matrix. By simultaneously back‐propagating multi‐components consisting of the pressure and displacements, we could efficiently extract information on the subsurface structures. To verify our algorithm, we applied it to synthetic data sets generated from the Marmousi‐2 model and the modified SEG/EAGE salt model. We also extended our algorithm to the ocean‐bottom cable environment and verified it using ocean‐bottom cable data generated from the Marmousi‐2 model. With the assumption of a hard seafloor, we recovered both the P‐wave velocity of complicated subsurface structures as well as the S‐wave velocity. Although the inversion of the S‐wave velocity is not feasible for the high Poisson's ratios used to simulate a soft seafloor, several strategies exist to treat this problem. Our example using multi‐component data showed some promise in mitigating the soft seafloor effect. However, this issue still remains open.
Transmission of human influenza A virus in pigs selects for adaptive mutations on the HA gene

Influenza A viruses (IAV) cause respiratory diseases in many host species, including humans and pigs. The spillover of IAV between swine and humans has been a concern for both public health and the swine industry. With the emergence of the triple reassortant internal gene (TRIG) constellation, establishment of human-origin IAVs in pigs has become more common, leading to increased viral diversity. However, little is known about the adaptation processes that are needed for a human-origin IAV to transmit and become established in pigs. We generated a reassortant IAV containing surface gene segments from a human IAV strain and internal gene segments from the 2009 pandemic and TRIG IAV lineages and demonstrated that it can replicate and transmit in pigs. Sequencing and variant calling analysis identified a mutant that emerged during replication in pigs, which was mapped to a region near the receptor binding site of the hemagglutinin (HA). The variant was present in all contact pigs and replicated more efficiently in differentiated swine tracheal cells compared to the virus containing the wildtype human-origin HA. These results show that variants are selected quickly after replication of human-origin HA in pigs, leading to improved fitness in the swine host, likely contributing to transmission. Importance Influenza A viruses (IAV) cause respiratory disease in several species, including humans and pigs. The bidirectional transmission of IAV between humans and pigs plays a significant role in the generation of novel viral strains, greatly impacting viral epidemiology. However, little is known about the evolutionary processes that allow human IAV to become established in pigs. In this study, we generated reassortant viruses containing human seasonal HA and NA on different constellations of internal genes and tested their ability to replicate and transmit in pigs. We demonstrated that a virus containing a common internal gene constellation currently found in U.S. swine was able to transmit efficiently via the respiratory route. We identified a specific amino acid mutation that was fixed in the respiratory contact pigs that was associated with improved replication in primary swine tracheal epithelial cells, suggesting it was crucial for the transmissibility of the human virus in pigs.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO MOXOTÓ – PE USANDO SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO TERMAL

Os produtos do Sensoriamento Remoto orbital vem se tornando uma importante ferramenta para as mais variadas aplicacoes, particularmente aquelas relacionadas com a avaliacao, manejo, gerenciamento e gestao de recursos naturais, como agua, solo e vegetacao. Este estudo visa realizar uma caracterizacao ambiental da Bacia Hidrografica do Rio Moxoto, atraves do balanco de radiacao. Para isto foram utilizadas duas imagens do mapeador tematico do satelite Landsat 5 de orbita e ponto 215/66 com passagem em 27-09-1992 e 12-10-2003, que foram processadas, organizadas e analizadas em ambiente GIS. A diminuicao da cobertura vegetal e evidente na analise temporal e espacial das duas datas analisadas. Esta diminuicao fez com que em algumas areas da bacia ocorresse um aumento de temperatura. As areas de cimeira, com altitudes superiores a 600m apresentaram indices de SAVI com valores superiores a 0.211. Ja as areas com vegetacao de encosta apresentaram valores de SAVI que variaram entre 0.130 e 0.210. Em geral, ocorreu um aumento do Albedo, entre 27 de agosto de 1992 e 12 de setembro de 2003 e na bacia hidrografica do rio Moxoto. No geral as areas mapeadas como areas de solo exposto e/ou atividades antropicas apresentaram uma diminuicao na densidade da cobertura vegetal e consequentemente aumento nos valores de albedo e temperatura.