Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REGIONALIZATION BASED ON WATER CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL TRAITS IN THE RING OF CENOTES, YUCATAN, MEXICO

Assessing water quality in aquifers has become increasingly important as water demand and pollution concerns rise. In the Yucatan Peninsula, sinkholes, locally known as cenotes, are karst formations that intercept the water table. Cenotes are distributed across the peninsula, but are particularly dense and aligned along a semi- circular formation called the Ring of Cenotes. This area exhibits particular hydrogeological properties because it concentrates, channels, and discharges fresh water toward the coasts. In this study, we identify spatial and temporal variations in chemical and physical variables at twenty-two cenotes to identify groups that share similar characteristics. Water samples from each cenotes were taken at three depths (0.5, 5.5, and 10.5 m) and during three seasons (dry, rainy, and cold-fronts season). Field measurements of pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen were taken, and the concentrations of major ions (K + ,N a + ,M g 2+ ,C a 2+ ,H CO { ,S O 2{ 4 ,C l 2 and NO { ) were quantified. Identifying regions of the cenotes were done by applying multivariate statistical techniques (PCA, PERMANOVA, CAP). The chemical variables revealed spatial trends among the cenotes. We identified three main regions. Region 1 is associated with sea-water encroachment and high levels of sulfate that travel through preferential groundwater flowpaths from evaporites in the southern Yucatan Peninsula; Region 2 is a recharge zone, and Region 3 is characterized by sea water encroachment and by the high chemical and physical variability associated with groundwater flow from the east.
Femmephobia versus gender norms: Examining women’s responses to competing and contradictory gender messages

Abstract:While women experience pressure to be more feminine/less masculine, recent years have documented their simultaneous experiences of feeling pressured to be more masculine/less feminine. This phenomenon can be linked to the concept of femmephobia – the way femininity is devalued and regulated across bodies, identities, and various social locations. Despite the accumulating research documenting the existence of femmephobia across identities, how women respond to these experiences remains unexplored. Thus, the current study examined women’s (N = 97) responses to femmephobia. Participants were asked to describe whether (and how) they attempted to modify any of the feminine expressions they felt were targeted in the femmephobic incident they reported. Results of the thematic analysis supported the hypothesized response types of amplification, suppression, and no change to feminine expressions following the femmephobic incident. We found that women overwhelmingly suppressed their femininity in response to femmephobia. Strikingly, while some women reported not making any changes, almost none of the respondents reported amplifying their feminine expressions in response to a femmephobic incident (and the few who did were all LGBTQ+). We theorize these findings in the context of women’s gender policing more broadly, specifically the tension between gender norms (pressure to be more feminine/less masculine) and femmephobia (pressure to be less feminine/more masculine). We argue that the frequency of suppressing femininity in response to femmephobia suggests that, when faced with contradictory gender messages, femmephobia may be more influential than considered by previous research.
Molecular and Epidemiological Analyses of Sheeppox Outbreaks in Russia from 2013 to 2021

Sheeppox (SPP) is a transboundary infectious disease that affects sheep and goats, leading to significant losses in countries with extensive small ruminant breeding programs. While sporadic SPP outbreaks have been observed in the Russian Northern Caucasus and the Far East, the number of SPP outbreaks in the Russian Central and Far East regions has increased recently. However, there is a lack of epidemiological data on SPP virus (SPPV) in the Northern latitudes. In this study, we conducted epidemiological and genetic analyses of SPP outbreaks in Russia from 2013 to 2021 using whole-genome sequences of five selected isolates. The epidemiological data revealed an elevated risk of SPP outbreaks during the summer months, although outbreaks were not limited to this period. A phylogenetic analysis of the whole-genome sequences of selected SPPVs obtained directly from clinical samples revealed a unique cluster of SPPV isolates circulating in Central Russia, which was related to previous isolates from the European part of Russia. In contrast, SPPVs obtained from the Russian Far East showed genetic similarity to isolates detected in Southeast Asia. The whole-genome sequences demonstrated that the reported outbreaks were not related to the NISKHI vaccine strain, which was used to combat lumpy skin disease and SPP in Russia. Based on the study findings and GenBank data, we propose a novel cluster designation system for SPPV genomic sequences.
Point or pointless – quality of ground data

A method for measuring continuously the inherent optical properties of water together with the salinity and the temperature values was developed and tested at the Division of Geophysics, University of Helsinki. The flow‐through system operates from a moving boat and has been used to collect parameters for optical modelling, coastal zone and inland water studies and to track the path of the fresh water spreading into sea areas. The system was also used in Lake Vänern, Sweden, to calculate the radiance reflectance, R r, and total back‐scattering efficiency, b b eff, along a transect. An example from the Gulf of Finland is presented, which shows how the spectral behaviour of light changes when moving away from a fresh water source. Data collected from the River Kymijoki estuary showed that the details in a rapidly changing environment were strongly smoothed in a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data image. The correlation for continuously measured scattering values and MODIS channel 1 data varied between 0.70 and 0.85, n = 126. Flow‐through measurement datasets can be used to obtain representative sites for vertical profiles or calibration measurements.
Neoproterozoic evolution of the eastern Arabian basement based on a refined geochronology of the Marbat region, Sultanate of Oman

Abstract New high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U–Pb zircon data from the Sadh gneiss complex and the intruding Marbat granodiorite of the Marbat region, southern Sultanate of Oman, yield Cryogenian magmatic protolith ages for gneisses ranging from c. 850 to 830 Ma. Zircon ages record a c. 815–820 Ma period of deformation and migmatization, followed by intrusion of a hornblende gabbro/diorite and the undeformed Marbat granodiorite at c. 795 Ma. Following break-up and rifting of Rodinia at c. 870 Ma, crustal growth in the Marbat region occurred via arc accretion at c. 850–790 Ma, possibly in the easternmost part of the Mozambique Ocean based on earlier cessation of accretion here compared to the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Similarity of the new zircon geochronology to peaks of detrital zircon ages in the unconformably overlying Ediacaran Marbat sandstone suggests relatively local derivation from uplifted basement for the latter. Supplementary material: Detailed petrographic descriptions and photographs of hand specimens and thin-sections are available at http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18685.
Stereological analysis of fracture network structure in geological formations

Relationships between three-dimensional fracture networks consisting of poly disperse disks and the corresponding two-dimensional trace maps are systematically analyzed. Bulk densities of disks and disk intersections are related to surface densities of traces and trace intersections; this results in a new relation for the average length of disk intersections. The probability densities of trace lengths and disk intersections are studied for several disk diameter distributions. The inverse problem of deriving the disk distribution from the trace distribution is then solved, assuming only that the disks have uniformly random locations and orientations. These results are applied to a variety of synthetically generated data, as well as to several sets of field data. Analysis of the field data suggests that fracture diameter distributions follow a power law, in agreement with previous conclusions based on trace length histograms, with exponents varying from 1.3 to 2.1.
Bleeding Complications in COVID-19 Critically Ill ARDS Patients Receiving VV-ECMO Therapy

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) therapy is rapidly expanding worldwide, yet this therapy has a serious risk of bleeding. Whether coagulation-activating viral infections such as COVID-19 may have an impact on the risk of bleeding is largely unknown. This study conducted a monocentric investigation of severely affected COVID-19 patients receiving VV-ECMO therapy with regard to the occurrence and possible influences of minor and major bleeding and transfusion requirements. Among the 114 included study patients, we were able to assess more than 74,000 h of VV-ECMO therapy. In these, 103 major bleeding events and 2283 minor bleeding events were detected. In total, 1396 red blood concentrates (RBCs) were administered. A statistically significant correlation with the applied anticoagulation or demographic data of the patients was not observed. Contrary to the frequently observed thromboembolic complications among COVID-19 patients, patients with VV-ECMO therapy, even under low-dose anticoagulation, show a distinct bleeding profile, especially of minor bleeding, with a substantial need for blood transfusions. COVID-19 patients show a tendency to have frequent bleeding and require repeated RBC transfusions during VV-ECMO. This fact might not be solely explained by the mechanical alteration of ECMO or anticoagulation.
Effect of Nano Urea (liquid) on yield and fertilizer saving in rice under island ecosystem

In recent years, there is a growing compulsion to address the issue of stagnant input response and growing environment concerns. Thus a field experiment was conducted during 2021 at two farmer’s field viz., Guptapara (South Andaman) and Nimbudera (Middle Andaman) to study the effect of nano urea (liquid) on the growth, yield, economics and nutrient use efficiency of rice under island conditions. There were 6 treatments viz., N 0 PK, N 100 PK, N 50 PK + Nano Urea (0.2%), N 75 PK + Nano Urea (0.2%), N 50 PK + Nano Urea (0.4%) and N 75 PK + Nano Urea (0.4%). Nano urea (liquid) was sprayed two times at 0.2 % and 0.4 % concentrations. The recommended dose of fertilizers was 90:60:60 NPK kg/ha. The paddy varieties viz., CIARI Dhan 2 (Medium duration) and ANR 40 (long duration) were used at Guptapara and Nimbudera, respectively. The results revealed that application of nano urea (liquid) spray with conventional fertilizer had significant impact on growth, yield attributes and yield of rice at both the farmer’s field. Further, nano spray (N 75 PK and 0.4 % Nano urea) contributes to additional yield of 16.6 and 12 % and additional monetary benefit of Rs. 12,598 and 8091 in Guptapara and Nimbubdera, respectively than only NPK addition through chemical fertilizers (100 % RDF). Further, there is little difference between nano spray at 0.2 % and 0.4% spray though higher concentration of (0.4%) nano spray gave 3.7 and 5.4 % higher yield and 9.0 and 9.2 % higher net return in Guptapara and Nimbubdera, respectively. Nano urea spray with N 50 and N 75 had significant effect on Partial factor productivity, Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE crop) and Agronomic efficiency. The increased efficiency of nano urea resulted in saving of mineral urea when compared to the chemical fertilizer application to the extent of 25 % at farmers’ field. At the same time increasing the concentration of Nano spray from 0.2 to 0.4% had no impact on the saving without increasing the N addition. Spraying of nano urea can increase crop yield by increasing the nutrient uptake by plants and its bioavailability in soil. Spraying of nano urea is proved to be beneficial for island ecosystem as it lead to saving of chemical fertilizer thereby reducing the accumulation of N in the environment.
A Small De Novo CNV Deletion of the Paternal Copy of FOXF1, Leaving lncRNA FENDRR Intact, Provides Insight into Their Bidirectional Promoter Region

Pathogenic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy-number variant (CNV) deletions involving the FOXF1 transcription factor gene or CNV deletions of its distant lung-specific enhancer are responsible for alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV), a rarely diagnosed lethal lung developmental disorder in neonates. In contrast to SNVs within FOXF1 and CNV deletions involving only the FOXF1 enhancer, larger-sized deletions involving FOXF1 and the adjacent, oppositely oriented lncRNA gene FENDRR have additionally been associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and single umbilical artery (SUA). Here, in an ACDMPV infant without any congenital heart defect or SUA, we identified a small 5 kb CNV deletion that removed the paternal allele of FOXF1 and its promoter, leaving FENDRR and its promoter intact. Reporter assay in the IMR-90 fetal cell line implied that the deletion may indeed not have significantly affected FENDRR expression. It also showed a polarization of the FOXF1-FENDRR inter-promoter region consisting of its ability to increase the transcription of FENDRR but not FOXF1. Interestingly, this transcription-stimulating activity was suppressed in the presence of the FOXF1 promoter. Our data shed more light on the interactions between neighboring promoters of FOXF1-FENDRR and possibly other divergently transcribed mRNA-lncRNA gene pairs.
Spleen Thickness Plus Platelets Can Effectively and Safely Screen for High-Risk Varices in Cirrhosis Patients

Currently, most primary hospitals cannot routinely perform liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) and spleen stiffness measurements (SSMs), which are recommended by guidelines to exclude high-risk varices (HRVs). We tried to find more convenient indicators for HRV screening. We enrolled 213 cirrhosis patients as the training cohort (TC) and 65 primary biliary cirrhosis patients as the validation cohort (VC). We included indicators such as SSM by two-dimensional shear wave elastography, LSM by transient elastography, and other imaging and laboratory tests. Variable analysis revealed SSM, platelets (PLT), and spleen thickness (ST) as independent risk indicators for HRV. In TC, ST+PLT (ST < 42.2 mm and PLT > 113.5 × 109/L) could avoid 35.7% of the esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs), with a 2.4% missed HRV rate. Although the proportion of EGDs spared by ST+PLT was less than SSM+PLT (SSM < 29.89 kPa + PLT > 113.5 × 109/L) (35.7% vs. 44.1%), it was higher than that of the Baveno VI criteria (B6) (35.7% vs. 28.2%). We did not validate SSM+PLT in VC considering our aims. ST+PLT safely spared 24.6% of EGDs in VC, identical to B6. Conclusions: The ability of ST+PLT to exclude HRVs was superior to B6 but slightly inferior to SSM+PLT. When SSM cannot be routinely performed, ST+PLT provides an extra option for patients to exclude HRVs as a more convenient model.
The Sediment Yield of Major Rivers of the World

The amount of suspended sediment transported by rivers to the seas each year is tabulated. The major rivers are ranked in order of tons of sediment transported per year and drainage area and water discharge data are included. The rivers are listed by, continents in subsequent tables with data on drainage area, annual sediment yields in tons, sediment production rates in tons per square mile per year, the years of sediment measurement, and the sources of data. This sample represents more than one-third of the land contributing water-borne sediment to the seas and, if representative, indicates an annual world sediment yield of 20 billion (20 × 109) tons. The data suggest that Africa, Europe, and Australia have very low sediment yields (<120 tons per square mile per year), South America's rate is low, North America's is moderate, and Asia's is high to the degree of yielding up to 80% of the sediment reaching the oceans annually.
Infragravity wave motions and runup over shallow fringing reefs

This paper presents the results of a combined laboratory and numerical investigation into the role of infragravity motions in the wave runup process over fringing coral reefs. Laboratory experiments were performed with a reef profile typical of fringing reef systems along the southeast coast of Guam. Spectral analysis of the measured time histories of surface elevation over the reef face and flats show significant changes to the wave energy spectrum shoreward of the break point. Most of the wave energy in the incident wave frequency band is dissipated within a few wavelengths of the reef face with the wave motions over the reef flat and shoreline dominated by oscillations at infragravity periods [O(100s) prototype]. The infragravity wave energy is minimum at the reef crest and increases as waves propagate shoreward over the reef flat and also with increasing water level on the reef. The dominant infragravity mode is the first reef oscillation mode with a wavelength approximately equal to four times the wi.
Anemia and Hypoxia Impact on Chronic Kidney Disease Onset and Progression: Review and Updates

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is caused by hypoxia in the renal tissue, leading to inflammation and increased migration of pathogenic cells. Studies showed that leukocytes directly sense hypoxia and respond by initiating gene transcription, encoding the 2-integrin adhesion molecules. Moreover, other mechanisms participate in hypoxia, including anemia. CKD-associated anemia is common, which induces and worsens hypoxia, contributing to CKD progression. Anemia correction can slow CKD progression, but it should be cautiously approached. In this comprehensive review, the underlying pathophysiology mechanisms and the impact of renal tissue hypoxia and anemia in CKD onset and progression will be reviewed and discussed in detail. Searching for the latest updates in PubMed Central, Medline, PubMed database, Google Scholar, and Google search engines were conducted for original studies, including cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, clinical trials, and review articles using different keywords, phrases, and texts such as “CKD progression, anemia in CKD, CKD, anemia effect on CKD progression, anemia effect on CKD progression, and hypoxia and CKD progression”. Kidney tissue hypoxia and anemia have an impact on CKD onset and progression. Hypoxia causes nephron cell death, enhancing fibrosis by increasing interstitium protein deposition, inflammatory cell activation, and apoptosis. Severe anemia correction improves life quality and may delay CKD progression. Detection and avoidance of the risk factors of hypoxia prevent recurrent acute kidney injury (AKI) and reduce the CKD rate. A better understanding of kidney hypoxia would prevent AKI and CKD and lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Geometry and rate of faulting in the North Baikal Rift, Siberia

We present a detailed morphotectonic analysis of late Quaternary faulting in the North Baikal Rift (NBR), a region characterized by ranges and basins distributed over more than 800 km along strike in eastern Siberia. Remote sensing techniques (SPOT, METEOR scenes, and aerial photographs) are used to map the active fault network which displays a general en échelon distribution from the northern Lake Baikal to the easternmost basin, with ∼30‐km‐spaced overstepping segments of 10–80 km in length. Most faults have a dominant dip‐slip component over their Cenozoic history. The inherited crustal fabric strongly influences the overall geometry of the rifted basins. We use 54 14C ages of postglacial terraces near the foot scarps of the Muya basin to date offsets measured inside alluvial fans. The last main postglacial event in this area appears to be the early Holocene optimum dated at ∼10 ± 2 ka, following the onset of deglaciation at ∼13 ka. Using these time constraints, a detailed leveling across two terraces offset by the Taksimo fault (West Muya basin) shows consistent minimum vertical slip rates of 1.6±0.6 mm yr−1. Using 30 other active scarps analyzed in the field, we find a lower bound for horizontal velocity of 3.2±0.5 mm yr−1 across the NBR, a rate close to the one found in the southern rift from Global Positioning System measurements. We then compare directions of slip vectors from Holocene field data and slip directions from earthquake fault plane solutions: although local discrepancies appear, the mean directions of lesser horizontal stress (σ3) inverted from theses values are ∼N130°E and ∼N155°E, respectively, which are comparable within uncertainties and favor a rifting obliquity of ∼30°–40°. Extrapolating our Holocene rates, we estimate basin ages younger than those generally believed (less than 7 Ma) and propose a spatial and temporal evolution of rifted basins consistent with experimental models of oblique rifting. Total amounts of extension and vertical throw (∼7 and ∼12 km, respectively) across major faults appear rather constant from the central to the northern rift. These results favor a progressive development of asymmetric grabens in a rift zone that widens with times and they indicate a strong rheological control on deformation which seems enhanced by other contributions than the far‐field effects of the Indo‐Eurasian collision.
Dynamics of the H+ and O+ polar wind in the transition region as influenced by ionospheric convection and electron heating

We have conducted a set of systematic generalized semikinetic simulations to study the polar H+/O+ upflows in the ionosphere and transition region as influenced by varying convection. Effects of both frictional ion heating and centrifugal acceleration are included. We find that in regions where the convection electric field is strong (Ei ≥ 100 mV/m) the steady state polar wind may be characterized as primarily a centrifugally accelerated O+ outflow together with an ambipolar H+ outflow, as a minor component, up to 4 RE geocentric distance. Owing to the increase in the O+ upward flow speed, the increase in the O+ density, and the decrease in the H+ flow speed, H+–O+ collisions are important to extended altitudes during enhanced convection periods. The exobase (defined here as the altitude where the O+ scale height is equal to the mean free path of an H+ ion with a speed three thermal speeds larger than the H+ bulk speed) shifts from 1900 km for Ei = 0 mV/m to 3000 km for Ei = 100 mV/m. For the range of convection electric fields considered here (Ei = 0 mV/m to Ei = 100 mV/m), we identify an upper and a lower transition region which coincide roughly with the region of downward and upward H+ heat flux, respectively. A set of relationships between ion parallel speeds and normalized collisional mean free paths was found which are associated with the maximum upward and downward heat flux, regardless of the value of Ei, for steady state conditions. We find that the heated and centrifugally accelerated O+ ions can obtain upward bulk velocities of 5 km/s above 3 RE geocentric distance for Ei ≥ 80 mV/m. These ions exert a large downward drag on the H+ ions which stretches out the tail on the lower velocity side of the distribution creating large downward heat fluxes. These effects may explain features of the large downward heat fluxes observed in the H+ distributions to large altitude by the retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) instrument on DE 1. We have also considered impulsive events, consisting of pulses of cleft associated enhanced convection and elevated electron temperatures, followed by convection across the polar cap. These result in O+ ions falling back into the ionosphere on the dayside and nightside [e.g., Horwitz and Lockwood, 1985]. Downward speeds of 1–2 km/s are seen up to several thousand kilometers altitude which is consistent with DE 1/RIMS observations as presented by Chandler[1995].