Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardinium and Wolbachia are negatively correlated in the microbiome of various populations of stored product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae

ABSTRACT The microbiomes of several populations of Tyrophagus putrescentiae differ in the composition and profiles of intracellular symbiotic bacteria and gut-associated bacteria. We try to describe the interaction among symbiotic bacteria in T. putrescentiae microbiomes. The symbionts profiles were constructed by barcode sequencing of 16S DNA. Several TP populations were analyzed with respect to intracellular symbionts (Wolbachia, Cardinium, Solitalea-like, and Blattabacterium-like) and selected associated bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Bartonella-like) under different diet treatments (diet shifts). The results show two separate co-occurring groups. Wolbachia co-occurs with Blattabacterium, Bartonella, and Solitalea while Cardinium is distinctly separate. The rest of the microbiome including Bacillus cereus have more complex relationships with Wolbachia and Cardinium, suggesting more frequent horizontal transfers. The negative correlation between intracellular symbiotic bacteria Cardinium and Wolbachia is discussed in terms of within-host competition. The profile changes were analyzed to assess the effects of population, diet shifts and their interaction in terms of explained variability. The mite population explained highest variability in all bacterial species. Intracellular symbionts (Wolbachia and Cardinium) and proposed intracellular symbionts (Solitalea and Blattabacterium) show high stability, with variation being influenced mainly by the population. Bacillus cereus and Bartonella bacteria are influenced by diet shift supporting their presence in the gut lumen.
Determination of Smoltification Status in Juvenile Migratory Rainbow Trout and Chinook Salmon in Minnesota

Abstract The progress of smoltification was quantified with an enzyme assay (gill sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase, or “Na+, K+-ATPase,” activity) in nonnative populations of migratory salmonines that are stocked or naturally spawned in Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior. This information was needed to develop stocking strategies that would maximize imprinting at intended locations and to determine the causes and consequences of early emigration in stream-reared fish. Species and strains tested included (1) chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during hatchery rearing and after stocking, (2) two strains of O. mykiss—steelhead (naturalized) and a Kamloops (hatchery) strain of migratory rainbow trout—during hatchery rearing and after stocking, and (3) stream-reared steelhead emigrants captured in smolt traps. The ATPase activity level that distinguished smolts from nonsmolts was 11 μmol Pi · (mg protein)−1 · h−1 for chinook salmon and 10 μmol Pi · (mg protein)−1 · h−1 for all groups.
Intra‐ and interspecific life history differences in sympatric grayling and brown trout in a Norwegian reservoir

Grayling Thymallus thymallus in Lake Aursjoen, Norway, showed a remarkably uniform growth pattern throughout life, whereas brown trout Salmo trutta showed far more variation. In addition, a narrower age-length interval of maturation was found in grayling. The restricted life history variation in grayling is discussed and it is suggested that all grayling of Lake Aursjoen experience similar environmental conditions as juveniles, which induces low phenotypic variation. In contrast the existence of several spawning populations, adapted to as many as 28 different tributaries, may have created large life history variation in Aursjoen trout. Logistic models revealed that both age and length had significant, simultaneous effects on the maturation of both species. Furthermore, the sexes of trout differed in maturation patterns, i.e. males matured earlier and at smaller sizes than female conspecifics, but no difference was found between the sexes of grayling. In addition, larger sex-specific growth differences were found in trout. An absence of early maturing males in grayling and their presence in trout is discussed as a possible explanation of the restricted life history variation found between sexes of grayling. Male grayling experienced a larger mortality rate than did females, whereas no such differences were found in trout. It is suggested that grayling males invest more in reproduction than do females, due primarily to large investments in breeding behaviour. The equal mortality rates found for both sexes of trout, albeit males starting to spawn earlier than females, is probably explained by a female-selective fishing mortality.
Spatio-Temporal Trends of Monthly and Annual Precipitation in Aguascalientes, Mexico

The objective of this research was to analyze the temporal patterns of monthly and annual precipitation at 36 weather stations of Aguascalientes, Mexico. The precipitation trend was determined by the Mann–Kendall method and the rate of change with the Theil–Sen estimator. In total, 468 time series were analyzed, 432 out of them were monthly, and 36 were annual. Out of the total monthly precipitation time series, 42 series showed a statistically significant trend (p ≤ 0.05), from which 8/34 showed a statistically significant negative/positive trend. The statistically significant negative trends of monthly precipitation occurred in January, April, October, and December. These trends denoted more significant irrigation water use, higher water extractions from the aquifers in autumn–winter, more significant drought occurrence, low forest productivity, higher wildfire risk, and greater frost risk. The statistically significant positive trends occurred in May, June, July, August, and September; to a certain extent, these would contribute to the hydrology, agriculture, and ecosystem but also could provoke problems due to water excess. In some months, the annual precipitation variability and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were statistically correlated, so it could be established that in Aguascalientes, this phenomenon is one of the causes of the yearly precipitation variation. Out of the total annual precipitation time series, only nine series were statistically significant positive; eight out of them originated by the augments of monthly precipitation. Thirteen weather stations showed statistically significant trends in the total precipitation of the growing season (May, June, July, August, and September); these stations are located in regions of irrigated agriculture. The precipitation decrease in dry months can be mitigated using shorter cycle varieties with lower water consumption, irrigation methods with high efficiency, and repairing irrigation infrastructure. The precipitation increase in humid months can be used to store water and use it during the dry season, and its adverse effects can be palliated with the use of varieties resistant to root diseases and lodging. The results of this work will be beneficial in the management of agriculture, hydrology, and water resources of Aguascalientes and in neighboring arid regions affected by climate change.
The Lazer-McKenna conjecture for an anisotropic planar elliptic problem with exponential Neumann data

Let \begin{document}$ \Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^2 $\end{document} be a bounded smooth domain, we study the following anisotropic elliptic problem \begin{document}$ \begin{cases} -\nabla(a(x)\nabla \upsilon)+a(x)\upsilon = 0& \text{in}\, \, \, \, \, \Omega, \\ \dfrac{\partial \upsilon}{\partial\nu} = e^\upsilon-s\phi_1-h(x) & \text{on}\, \ \, \partial\Omega, \end{cases} $\end{document} where \begin{document}$ \nu $\end{document} denotes the outer unit normal vector to \begin{document}$ \partial\Omega $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ h\in C^{0, \alpha}( \partial\Omega) $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ s>0 $\end{document} is a large parameter, \begin{document}$ a(x) $\end{document} is a positive smooth function and \begin{document}$ \phi_1 $\end{document} is a positive first Steklov eigenfunction. We show that this problem has an unbounded number of solutions for all sufficiently large \begin{document}$ s $\end{document} , which give a positive answer to a generalization of the Lazer-McKenna conjecture for this case. Moreover, the solutions found exhibit multiple concentration behavior around boundary maxima of \begin{document}$ a(x)\phi_1 $\end{document} as \begin{document}$ s\rightarrow+\infty $\end{document} .
The quality of gardens tourism and the visitor experience: differentiating between first time and repeat visitors

ABSTRACT Tourism literature rarely mentions gardens as relevant tourist attractions. Unlike previous garden studies, this study examines gardens from a demand perspective. This study examines quality of visitors’ experience, satisfaction, and loyalty, and meaningfully explains a variance in behavioural intention between first-time and repeat visitors. A multi-sample structural equation path analyses that tests for differences between similar models of distinctive groups (first-time and repeat visitors) was applied in this study. The case study was conducted in a botanic garden in Central Florida. The results indicate that garden quality and visitors’ experiences predict satisfaction and visitors’ behavioural intentions for repeat garden visits. This study contributes to the sparse body of knowledge on the experience of visitors and their behavioural intentions to return to tourism gardens. These findings suggest that there is a significant difference between first-time and repeat visitors experience of garden quality dimensions and subsequent satisfaction and loyalty.
Sorghum-Legume Intercropping and the Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization. II. Residual Effect on Wheat

SUMMARY Wheat yield was increased significantly when grown after sorghum intercropped with cowpeas (both for fodder and grain) or with groundnut compared with sole sorghum in the previous season. The nitrogen requirement for the target wheat yield of 4.0 t ha−1 was 108 kg ha−1 after sole sorghum and this was reduced by 87, 61, 83 and 38 kg ha−1 after intercrops of sorghum with fodder and grain cowpeas, groundnut and greengram, respectively. The different levels of nitrogen applied to the sorghum-legume intercropping systems also allowed savings of between 18 and 55 kg ha−1 of fertilizer nitrogen on wheat in the following season.
Dimorphic transition in Yarrowia lipolytica isolated from oil-polluted sea water

Fungal cultures isolated from oil-polluted sea water near Mumbai, India have been studied for their capability to degrade crude oil. A yeast isolate identified as Yarrowia lipolytica was further investigated with respect to its dimorphic behaviour and alkane degradation. Y. lipolytica NCIM 3589 in the yeast form degraded the aliphatic fraction of crude oil and also pure alkanes (20-60% within 48 h) under aerobic conditions. Unlike most Y. lipolytica strains, our isolate required partial anaerobiosis for mycelium formation. Studies with two isolates suggested that mycelium to yeast transition may be the prerequisite for effective alkane degradation.
GRAZING PATTERNS OF THE PERIWINKLE AND THEIR EFFECT ON SESSILE INTERTIDAL ORGANISMS

The periwinkle, Littorina littorea, a common gastropod herbivore in the New England intertidal, strongly affects two abundant, sessile organisms, the green alga Enteromorpha and the barnacle Balanus balanoides. At very low densities, Littorina can maintain initially bare areas clear of Enteromorpha while higher densities are required to eliminate established patches. At low peri- winkle densities, Enteromorpha interferes with Balanus settlement, while at high densities, Littorina appears to dislodge newly settled barnacle cyprids. Balanus abundance is greatest at intermediate Littorina densities. Experimental manipulation of periwinkle behavior through the use of partial cages shows that Enteromorpha can persist due to an interaction between snail behavior and surface irreg- ularities. Certain areas are consistently missed which would normally be reached by a randomly moving grazer. There is no such refuge for Balanus. These results suggest that behavior-mediated effects may play an important role in maintaining diversity in the rocky intertidal.
The effect of micronization of full-fat canola seed on digestion in the rumen and total tract of dairy cows

The effect of micronization of full-fat canola seed on dry matter disappearance (DMD) and total nitrogen disappearance (TND) in the rumen and intestine were investigated. Full-fat canola seed was left untreated (C) or micronized for 1.5 min (M), and left whole (CW, MW) or ground to pass through a 1.25-mm sieve (CG, MG). In vitro gas production from CW and MW were determined at 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 20, 24, 32, 48, 52, 68 and 72 h. For subsequent studies, CW was hand-cracked (CH) for comparison against MW. In situ DMD and TND from CH, MW, CG and MG were determined after 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 96 h of ruminal incubation. The mobile nylon bag technique was used to estimate intestinal digestion (DM and N disappearance) of samples incubated in the rumen for 16 h and in acid-pepsin for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the pattern and extent of seed coat rupture from hand-cracking and from micronization to be similar, but micronization-mediated changes to the internal structures were evident in ground.
A Guideline on Designing a Safe and Appropriate Grounding System: A Review of Selected Papers

This study to review scientific articles from some of the international journal, published from 2005 to 2017. This study focused on articles that discuss how reduce grounding resistance. The article is discussed systematically, criticized, and analyzed. To secure the system from the disorder, we need to design a system. This system was later known with the grounding system. The criteria used in the review journal is focused in terms of: how reduce grounding resistance with electrode be planted a single or parallel, giving conductive material/reducing material, including some of the methods used in reduce grounding resistance specific to regions with high soil resistivity, and the obstacles faced. The discussion on the above issue is a major problem in the article. The article that reviewed published in language of United Kingdom from 2005 to 2017. The analysis of reviewing 20 journal produces two staples of the discussion is existing problems in the grounding system and optimal way in reduce grounding resistance. The reduction of resistance on the location of the grounding that have very high soil resistivity needs to be done, some way is offered in several articles that are discussed so that it could be a guideline the planners in designing a grounding system that is safe and appropriate for the system to be secured.
ENZYME VARIATION IN MICRO‐ORGANISMS

The increase in enzyme content in micro‐organisms may be classified according to the type of substance responsible for the increase. First, as has been suggested by Jacoby, the substance may be necessary to the cell as a “brick” for the building up of the enzyme molecule. Secondly, the substance may be the substrate of the enzyme or some closely related compound. A substance in this class may act either directly on the individual cell or as a selecting agent during growth of cells in which the enzyme has appeared as a mutation. Examples of direct chemical interaction between cell and substrate (adaptation) are the hydrogenlyase of Bact. coli and the galactozymase of yeast; examples of mutation and selection occur amongst organisms of the Bact. coli mutabile type.
Foliar application of ascorbate enhances the physiological and biochemical attributes of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars under drought stress

Maize (Zea mays L.), grown in different Asian countries, undergoes drought stress during the hot summer periods, which is the most common cause for reduced growth and yield of maize worldwide. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the prompting role of ascorbic acid (AsA) in maize drought-tolerant (Agaiti-2002) and drought-sensitive (EV-1098) cultivars under two drought stress levels (control and 65% field capacity). Ascorbate is essential for plants due to its function as antioxidant and protector against environmental stresses. The results showed that drought stress reduced the plant growth, fresh and dry biomass, and photosynthetic pigments of maize plants. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid lowered the drought stress-induced reduction in growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments. Drought stress enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in maize plants, and application of AsA further enhanced the activity of these enzymes. The results indicate that foliar application of AsA alleviated the detrimental effects of drought stress in maize plants by improving the antioxidative defense system. The cultivar EV-1098 was found to be relatively resistant to drought stress. Our research suggested that foliarly applied AsA may be useful for the sustainable maize production under drought-stressed ecologies.
Physical and Chemical Changes in Fresh Chilled Muscle Tissue of Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) Packed in a Modified Atmosphere

Ježek F. , H. Buchtova: Physical and Chemical Changes in Fresh Chilled Muscle Tissue of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Packed in a Modified Atmosphere. Acta Vet. Brno 2007, 76: S83-S92. The aim of the study was to monitor the course of physical and chemical changes taking place in stored fresh chilled muscle tissue of carp packed in modified atmosphere (MAP), and to determine its shelf life. Samples of muscle tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) were packed in MAP (80% O 2 , 20% CO 2 ) and stored for 15 days at +2 ± 2 °C max. During the storage period, O2 level in packs decreased from 78.7 ± 0.39% (day 1) to 63.8 ± 1.30% (day 15). Decrease in O 2 in packs between storage days 7 and 9 was highly significant ( p  0.01). During storage, muscle tissue pH decreased during the experiment from 6.46 ± 0.22% (day 1) to 6.17 ± 0.10% (day 15). Levels of N-substances of low-molecular character increased during the experiment from 12.33 ± 2.11 (day 1) to 20.07 ± 3.16 mg.100 g -1 (day 15). Hydrolytic lipid decomposition (FFA) was more intensive in carp muscle tissue (2.09 ± 1.07% total lipid as oleic acid) than in carp skin (1.01 ± 0.31% total lipid as oleic acid) (day 15). Lipid oxidation (PV) in skin showed differences from lipid oxidation in muscle tissue. Oxidation processes in muscle correlated positively with the length of storage (r = 0.90). Over the storage period, peroxide levels increased from 2.58 ± 1.19 mekv O 2 . kg -1 (day 1) to 6.76 ± 1.78 mekv O 2 . kg -1 (day 15). Because of low TVBN levels in muscle tissue, shelf life was limited mainly by sensory changes (green discoloration, odour deviations, slime production), which were observed from storage day 9 onwards. It was found that the maximum shelf life of carp packed in MAP (80% O2, 20% CO2) was 7 days. The optimum parameter to determine the remaining shelf life of common carp muscle tissue stored at +2 ± 2 °C max is the TVBN level. As concerns shelf life, TVBN levels in carp muscle should not exceed 15 mg·100 g -1 . This level of TVBN (max. 15 mg·100 g -1 ) for carp (MAP 80% O 2 , 20% CO2) is much more lower in comparison with levels TVBN (max 25 - 35 mg·100 g -1
Effect of Probiotics on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Broilers at Farmer’s Door

Aims: An experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative efficacy of two probiotics of different origins (yeast and bacterial based) on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers chicken. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Purnea between January, 2020 to March, 2020. Methods: Two hundred and forty, day old chicks were kept and were randomly divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) and each group had 2 replicates of 20 chicks. Four (A, B, C and D) isocaloric and iso-nitrogenous (ME 3000 kcal/ kg and CP 21.56%) broiler starter and finisher (ME 3000 kcal/ kg and CP 18.75%) diets were formulated containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus cereus toyoi and mixture of both @ 0.2% except group A which was control. Birds were raised for first week on commercial diet. Broiler starter and finisher diets were fed from 8-28 and 29-42 days, respectively. Results: A significant (P<0.05) effect was observed on overall performance of the birds fed diet containing probiotics. Probiotics in feed at 0.2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation Original Research Article Kumar and Kumari; AIR, 21(5): 1-5, 2020; Article no.AIR. 56548 2 improved body weight gain (+12.7%), feed intake (3.8%) and feed conversion efficiency (-8.7%) compared with the control diet. Among groups, no significant differences were observed in carcass traits but highest dressing percentage was recorded in group-B followed by group-C than group-D and lowest in control group. Conclusion: The result indicated that the addition of probiotics in feed containing 0.2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae improved broiler growth performances and it is beneficial to be used as supplement in feed of broiler chickens.
Effect of salt stress on prenol lipids in the leaves of Tilia 'Euchlora'

Soil contamination caused by the NaCl used to de-ice slippery roads in winter is now recognized as one of the major causes of nutrient disorders and death in urban trees. It is believed that polyisoprenoids may have a specific role in the adaptation of plants to adverse conditions and habitats; it is further believed that in the cell, they may exhibit a protective effect in response to biotic and abiotic stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salt stress on the content of prenol lipids in the leaves of Crimean linden (Tilia ‘Euchlora’). The Cl content in the slightly damaged (“healthy”) leaves averaged 0.96%, while that in the heavily damaged (“sick”) leaves averaged 2.02%. The leaves of control trees contained on average 0.57% Cl. The Na contents in the healthy and damaged leaves were 208 mg/kg and 1038 mg/kg, respectively, and the Na content in the control areas was 63 mg/kg. A mixture of polyprenols consisting of four compounds, prenol-9, prenol-10, prenol-11 and prenol-12, was identified in the leaves of Crimean linden. This mixture was dominated by prenol-10 (2.16–6.90 mg/g). The polyprenol content was highest in the leaves of “healthy” trees (approximately 13.31 mg/g), was lower in the case of “sick” trees (approximately 9.18 mg/g), and was the lowest in the control trees (mean 4.71 mg/g). No changes were observed in the composition of the mixture of polyprenols under these conditions. The results suggest that polyprenols may affect the accumulation of Cl in leaves. This phenomenon is evidenced by the high content of prenols in the leaves of trees considered “healthy” but growing under conditions of increased soil salinity and the lower content of prenols in the leaves of the “sick” and control trees. It is advisable to further investigate the role of prenol lipids in the leaves of trees subjected to salt stress. BACZEWSKA A. , DMUCHOWSKI W. , JOŹWIAK A. , GOZDOWSKI D. , BRĄGOSZEWSKA P., DĄBROWSKI P., ŚWIEŻEWSKA E.
Distribution and hybridization of Anguis fragilis and A. colchica in Hungary

Slow worms (Anguis spp.) are widely distributed in Europe. Based on pronounced divergences in molecular markers the subspecies of the slow worm, Anguis fragilis, have been recently elevated to species level. In Hungary both A. fragilis and A. colchica are present in the mountainous areas with their range being separated by the Danube River with potential contact zones in the Danube valley. Based on morphology, hybridization of the two taxa has been described earlier from the Budai and Pilis Mountains. In order to reveal the exact distribution and confirm hybridization of Anguis taxa in Hungary we analyzed fragments of mitochondrial (ND2) and nuclear (Rag1) genes in 36 specimens from eight regions of Hungary and adjacent countries. The results confirmed the previously known distribution pattern with an east-west split along the Danube River and supported the morphological findings about hybridization in the Budai and Pilis Mountains.