Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipophilic Efficiency as an Important Metric in the Design of SARS coronavirus 3C-like proteinase (3CL-pro) Inhibitors: Guidepost towards Lead Selection and Optimization in the Treatment of COVID-19

Following the occurrence of the global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), some studies highlighted the possible importance of vitamin D against the disease. Several studies have supported the role of vitamin D in the regulation of the immune system. Vitamin D can suppress cytokine production simultaneously by stimulating the innate immune system, thus reducing viral load, and by decreasing the overactivation of the adaptive immune system to respond immediately to viral load. Vitamin D activity is mediated by its receptor (VDR), which acts as a transcription factor modulating the expression of genes triggering the response against viruses. Observational studies report an independent association between low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and susceptibility of the respiratory tract to acute infections. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) is acting on the ACE-2/Ang (1-7)/ MasR axis leading to improved expression of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-2). ACE-2 is a receptor used by SARSCoV-2 to infect host cells. Previous studies identified an association between high levels of ACE2 and improvement in the general health status of covid-19 cases. In additional, ACE-2 has been shown to protect against acute respiratory lesions. We conducted a review of the literature to clarify the protective role of vitamin D against SARS-CoV-2 infection through a review of the recently published studies.
Optimal load path input in tube hydroforming machines

Tube hydroforming (THF) is a metal-forming process in which a tube is plastically deformed to conform to the die cavity by injecting a pressurized fluid inside the tube. To ensure that enough material is supplied to the die cavity, the tube ends are usually pushed towards the die cavity to feed the material. To successfully hydroform a part, good coordination between fluid pressure and material feed is necessary. This pressure–material displacement relationship is known as a load path. The load path is specific to a part, and it is entered in a THF machine as pressure versus time and displacement versus time input variables. A methodology of decomposing the pressure–displacement loading path as a time variable to obtain pressure–time and displacement–time variants that are optimal for the THF machine system is presented. The THF experiments for double T-shaped parts are carried out to demonstrate that using different pressure–time and displacement–time variants can result in a significant increase in the maximum power required by the THF machine actuators.
Microstructural analysis of diffuse axonal injury after traumatic brain injury using diffusion-weighted Magnetic resonance imaging

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) has been considered to be one of the main mechanisms leading to permanent disability in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) leading to disturbance in axonal function and neuronal damage. Conventional neuroimaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful in detection of macroscopic lesions. However, due to their lack of sensitivity, they are not sensitive enough to detect DAI. Diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI is a non-invasive imaging method that can be sensitive to subtle white matter (WM) alterations and it is capable of providing information about structural brain connectivity in vivo. The aim of the present research was to study microstructural WM abnormalities following TBI using DW-MRI and advanced analysis techniques e.g. high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI). Patients with mild TBI (mTBI) and orthopedically injured (OI) patients that served as control subjects underwent brain imaging and clinical assessments during the TBICare study. Whole brain global and local WM abnormalities associated with DAI were investigated using diffusion tensor imaging analysis methods and probabilistic tractography. In addition, brain structural connectivity was evaluated following mTBI. Furthermore, the associations of WM alterations and structural network properties with the outcome were assessed. Patients with mTBI showed lower anisotropy and higher diffusivity measures at acute or sub-acute, and chronic stages of mTBI compared with controls. These WM alterations were susceptible to the average fiber orientation. Additionally, structural network connectivity was altered only locally and no differences were found between patients and controls in the global network properties. However, WM alterations and network metrics were significantly associated with the outcome. This study highlighted that novel advanced HARDI methods are promising tools to detect WM alterations already at the early stage after mTBI. Furthermore, we showed that disruptions in structural brain networks are associated with outcome, and suggest that network properties in the acute/subacute stage are promising imaging biomarkers for prognostic purposes.
Effect of fertigation on crop productivity and Nutrient use efficiency

Sustained higher yield with high yielding varieties depends entirely on the sustainable use of the limited water and energy resources, specifically in developing countries with arid and semi-arid regions. Moreover, intensification of agricultural production to meet growing market demand requires the simultaneous application of irrigation water and fertilizers. In other side deficiency of N, P and K is a major production constraint in sandy soils, which have inherent constraints like P fixation, rapid hydraulic conductivity, faster infiltration rate, leaching of basic cations and low CEC. Hence, the cultivated crop in this soil requires large quantity of nutrients to support its growth and yield. Considering the soil and crop constraints, fertilizers should be applied in synchrony with crop demand in smaller quantities during the growing season. The right combination of water and nutrients is a prerequisite for higher yields and good quality production. The method of fertilizer application is also important in improving the use efficiency of nutrients. A modern agro -technique which can solve the above issue is, Fertigation a technique of application of fertilizers along with irrigation water, provides an excellent opportunity to maximize yield and minimize environmental pollution (Hagin et al. 2002). Fertigation ensures availability of fertilizer nutrients in the root zone in readily available form and therefore, minimize fertilizer application rate and increase fertilizer use efficiency. The associated increase in yield with minimum fertilizer application rate, increases return on the fertilizer invested. Fertigation resulted increased in crop yield by 20 to 30 % (Sandal et al.) Fertigation enables adequate supplies of water and nutrients with precise timing and uniform distribution to meet the crop nutrient demand. Reported that fertigation applied N and P fertilizer increased wheat grain yield by 16% over top dressed N (Vishandas et al. 2006). Fertigation allows the landscape to absorb up to 90% of the applied nutrients, while granular or dry fertilizer application typically result in absorption rates of 10 to 40%. Fertigation ensures saving in fertilizer (40-60%), due to “better fertilizer use efficiency” and “reduction in leaching” (Kumar et al. 2002).
The Effect of Good Corporate Governance and Environmental Performance on the Value of Manufacturing Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2019

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of good corporate governance and environmental performance on company value. The objects in this study are company value which is influenced by managerial ownership, independent board of commissioners, board of directors, independent audit committee, and environmental performance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2019. This study uses secondary data, namely from the annual reports of manufacturing companies on the IDX 2015-2019. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a sample size of 90 companies. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of this study can be concluded that managerial ownership, independent board of commissioners, board of directors and audit committee as well as environmental performance have a positive effect on the value of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019.
The Sustainable Marketing Mix of Tourism and Visitors Fulfilment: An Empirical Evidence From Cultural Tourists To Pakistan

Sustainability is a basic requisite while promoting cultural tourism for a destination. UNEP and WTO have provided a full agenda for sustainable tourism that consists of twelve aims. One of those aims is visitor fulfillment that includes tourist satisfaction provided with safety and justice. After an extensive literature review the present study has listed down the success factors of tourism marketing and viewed through the lens of sustainability aims, has developed a conceptual framework consisting of the marketing mix dimensions of sustainable tourism and their effect on satisfaction of a sample (400) of foreign cultural tourists to Pakistan. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, multiple regression analysis was conducted to test for the hypothesized effect of the seven independent variables i.e. Product Price, Placement, Promotion, People, Physical Evidence and Process on tourist satisfaction. It was found that Product, Price, People, Physical Evidence and Process have a significant positive whereas; Placement has aninsignificant negative and Promotion has a significant negative effect on tourist satisfaction.
THE HEATHROW EXPRESS TRIAL TUNNEL.

The Heathrow Express project will provide a high speed rail link into Heathrow Airport, and includes two stations to be constructed at the airport in bored tunnels. The paper describes the NATM trial tunnel built as part of the project. The first section of the paper gives the principle reasons for the choice of NATM and for the construction of the trial tunnel. It includes details of the tunnel design and of the extensive instrumentation installed. The methods of construction and durations of the main activities are described and discussed. The second section concentrates on the information available from the ground monitoring installed around the tunnel. Movements at and below the existing ground surface are summarized and presented in various graphical formats to facilitate comparison with current standard methods of settlement prediction and to allow trends to be established. General conclusions are drawn which it is hoped will be of value in the prediction of ground movements for future NATM tunnels in similar geology. (A)
Crosstalk penalty in multichannel ASK heterodyne lightwave systems

The author addresses the issue of optimum channel spacing in multichannel amplitude-shift-keying (ASK) heterodyne lightwave systems by considering the bit-error-rate (BER) degradation resulting from interchannel crosstalk. An expression for the BER of a specific channel is obtained by considering the crosstalk from both of its nearest neighbors. The general result is used to calculate the power penalty as a function of the crosstalk level. The crosstalk is shown to depend on a large number of system parameters, such as the bit rates, the received powers, the channel spacing, and the response of the bandpass filter. For the case of equal bit rates and equal received powers in all channels, the crosstalk from each channel should be below -12 dB to keep the power penalty below 1 dB, which means a minimum channel spacing of about four or five times the bit rate. If the objective is to reduce the power penalty below 0.1 dB, the interchannel crosstalk should be less than -18 dB, which would require a minimum channel spacing of about ten times the bit rate. >
The Relationship between Academic Procrastination, Academic Motivation and Perfectionism: A Study on Teacher Candidates

The study aimed to examine the academic procrastination, academic motivation and perfectionism levels of teacher candidates. In this context, the sample group of the study consisted of 209 participants who were studying at Necmettin Erbakan University Physical Education and Sports Department and selected by the purposeful sampling method. In addition to the "Personal Information Form", the "Academic Procrastination Scale (APS)" the "Academic Motivation Scale (AMS)", and "Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS)" were used as data collection tools. In analyzing the data, independent t-test, ANOVA, MANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used. According to the analysis results, gender variable the main effect on AMS was significant and it was found to be significant only in the "Self-Transcendence" sub-dimension at the subdimensions level. According to the academic achievement status, the main effect on AMS was significant, and it was only significant in the "Using Knowledge" sub-dimension at the level of sub-dimensions. APS and AMS only positively and lowly correlated with the "Self-Transcendence" sub-dimension, and a statistically significant difference between APS and MPS was found. Between APS and MPS sub-dimensions found low level and positive relationship. As a result, according to socia demographic data it was found diffred that the academic procrastination, motivation and perfectionism. Moreover, while there was no relationship between APS and MPS, there was a low-level and positive relationship was found between APS and AMS, and AMS and MPS here to enter text.
Vascular burden and cognition: Mediating roles of neurodegeneration and amyloid-PET

It remains unclear to what extent cerebrovascular burden relates to amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive dysfunction in mixed disease populations with small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In 120 subjects, we investigated the association of vascular burden (white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volumes) with cognition. Using mediation analyses, we tested the indirect effects of WMH on cognition via Aβ deposition (18F-AV45 positron emission tomography [PET]) and neurodegeneration (cortical thickness or 18F fluorodeoxyglucose PET) in AD signature regions. We observed that increased total WMH volume was associated with poorer performance in all tested cognitive domains, with the strongest effects observed for semantic fluency. These relationships were mediated mainly via cortical thinning, particularly of the temporal lobe, and to a lesser extent serially mediated via Aβ and cortical thinning of AD signature regions. WMH volumes differentially impacted cognition depending on lobar location and Aβ status. In summary, our study suggests mainly an amyloid-independent pathway in which vascular burden affects cognitive function via localized neurodegeneration.
The Role of Brand Love in Mediating the Effect of Brand Satisfaction and Brand Trust on Brand Loyalty (Study on Local Fashion Brand “HANAKA” in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia)

In this era of globalization, the competitive climate in the business world is getting tighter, so that many companies are trying to prevent their sales from decreasing. Some companies realize that the value of a brand becomes a company's identity in selling their products. This study aims to explain the role of brand love in mediating the effect of brand satisfaction and brand trust on brand loyalty. This research was conducted on 85 respondents with purposive sampling and analyzed by path analysis. The results show that brand trust has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty, brand satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty, brand satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on brand love, brand trust has a positive and significant effect on brand love, brand love has a positive and significant effect on loyalty. brand, brand love is able to mediate brand satisfaction on brand loyalty and brand love is able to mediate brand trust on brand loyalty.
Examining Flux Tube Interactions as a Cause of Sub-alfvénic Outflow

In accepted models, magnetic tension drives reconnected magnetic flux away from the reconnection site at the local Alfvén speed. Numerous observational signatures of these outflows have been identified in solar flares, notable among them being supra-arcade downflows (SADs), almost none move at the Alfvén speed as predicted by models. Well-studied examples of SADs or SAD loops found in the flare of 2017 September 10 (SOL2017-09-10T15:35:00) move at a quarter or less of the expected Alfvén speed. Among those reasons posited to explain such discrepancies is the possibility that reconnected flux experiences a drag force during its outflow. Drag has not been included in previous reconnection models. Here, we develop the first such model in order to test the possibility that drag can explain sub-alfveńic reconnection outflows. Our model uses thin flux tube dynamics, previously shown to match features of flare observations other than outflow speed, including for the 2017 September 10 flare. We supplement the dynamics with a drag force representing the tube’s interaction with surrounding plasma through the formation of a wake. The wake’s width appears as a parameter in the force. We perform simulations, varying the drag parameter and synthesizing EUV observations, to test whether a drag force can produce a reasonable fit to observed features of the September 10 flare. We find that that slower retraction increases the brightness of emission and lowers the temperature of the synthetic plasma sheet. With proper choice of parameters the drag enables the simulation to agree reasonably with the observations.
Interpretable and Predictive Deep Modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sequence

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to rapidly mutate and change in ways that impact virulence, transmissibility, and immune evasion. Genome sequencing is a critical tool, as other biological techniques can be more costly, time-consuming, and difficult. However, the rapid and complex evolution of SARS-CoV-2 challenges conventional sequence analysis methods like phylogenetic analysis. The virus picks up and loses mutations independently in multiple subclades, often in novel or unexpected combinations, and, as for the newly emerged Omicron variant, sometimes with long explained branches. We propose interpretable deep sequence models trained by machine learning to complement conventional methods. We apply Transformer-based neural network models developed for natural language processing to analyze protein sequences. We add network layers to generate sample embeddings and sequence-wide attention to interpret models and visualize multiscale patterns. We demonstrate and validate our framework by modeling SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus taxonomy. We then develop an interpretable predictive model of disease severity that integrates SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequence and patient demographic variables, using publicly available data from the GISAID database. We also apply our model to Omicron. Based on knowledge prior to the availability of empirical data for Omicron, we predict: 1) reduced neutralization antibody activity (15-50 fold) greater than any previously characterized variant, varying between Omicron sublineages, and 2) reduced risk of severe disease (by 35-40%) relative to Delta. Both predictions are in accord with recent epidemiological and experimental data.
Review on diabetic retinopathy with deep learning methods

Abstract. Purpose: The purpose of our review paper is to examine many existing works of literature presenting the different methods utilized for diabetic retinopathy (DR) recognition employing deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) techniques, and also to address the difficulties faced in various datasets used by DR. Approach: DR is a progressive illness and may become a reason for vision loss. Early identification of DR lesions is, therefore, helpful and prevents damage to the retina. However, it is a complex job in view of the fact that it is symptomless earlier, and also ophthalmologists have been needed in traditional approaches. Recently, automated identification of DR-based studies has been stated based on image processing, ML, and DL. We analyze the recent literature and provide a comparative study that also includes the limitations of the literature and future work directions. Results: A relative analysis among the databases used, performance metrics employed, and ML and DL techniques adopted recently in DR detection based on various DR features is presented. Conclusion: Our review paper discusses the methods employed in DR detection along with the technical and clinical challenges that are encountered, which is missing in existing reviews, as well as future scopes to assist researchers in the field of retinal imaging.
Utility of ETCO2 to predict hemorrhagic shock in multiple trauma patients

Background/aim For identifying hemorrhagic shock in trauma patients, some objective data are needed. The use of base excess (BE) and lactate values have been originated. In this study, it was aimed to determine the usability of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) in patients with multiple trauma for recognizing hemorrhagic shock. Materials and methods Patients who were admitted to the emergency department between June 2019 and February 2020 with high-energy multiple trauma were included in the study. ETCO2 and BE values were measured. Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine correlations between ETCO2 and BE levels. Results One hundred and twenty-two patients were included in the study. Eighty-nine (73%) were men and 33 (27%) were women, and the mean age of the study population was 38.70 ± 19.18. The mortality rate was 14.8% in the study population. The correlation between ETCO2 and BE values was significant (r: 0.27) and in the same range in the Bland-Altmann analysis. ETCO2 levels above 35 were specific for stage 1 hemorrhagic shock. ETCO2 levels below 30 were sensitive for stage 2 and 3 hemorrhagic shocks and when the levels were measured below 22 it was found specific for stage 4 shock. The specificity increased to 99% at levels below 18. The sensitivity for ETCO2 values below 22 for predicting mortality was 33.33%, the specificity was 89.42%, the positive predictive value was 35.29% and the negative predictive value was 88.57%. The sensitivity for BE values below -10 for predicting mortality was 50%, the specificity was 93.27%, the positive predictive value was 56.25% and the negative predictive value was 91.51%. Conclusion ETCO2 measurement can be a useful parameter as a noninvasive and simple technique in predicting and classifying hemorrhagic shock, which is the leading cause of mortality in trauma patients. Mortality rates increased when ETCO2 was measured below 22 and these patients are more likely to be in the critical hemorrhagic shock state.