Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Regulation in Early and Middle Childhood as a Precursor to Social Adjustment Among Low-Income, Ethnic Minority Children

Abstract:Although existing research has shed much light on the development of ethnic minority children, many studies focus on maladjustment, such as behavioral problems, without also speaking to positive experiences in children's lives, such as friendship. An aspect of development that predicts both positive and negative outcomes for children is self-regulation. The present study investigates precursors and sequelae of self-regulation in middle childhood among low-income, ethnic minority children. The four self-regulatory constructs examined in the current study include low-level executive function (EF; e.g., working memory), high-level EF (e.g., planning), effortful control (EC; e.g., delay of gratification), and impulsivity (e.g., does not think before doing). EC in preschool was related to high-level EF and impulsivity in elementary school. High-level EF explained positive and negative aspects of social development during middle childhood. Additionally, self-regulation during elementary school played a mediating role between EC in preschool and social development in middle childhood.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION DIRECT SOLAR- DRYER TO DRY RED ONIONS SLICES

An direct solar–electrical dryer has been designed and constructed at a Zagazig City of , Sharkia governorate, Egypt. Solar dryer consists of solar flat plate air collector with V-corrugated absorption plate in conecation with drying tray uint. The red onions most popular to consumer no dayes in the Zagazig City so that it was chosen to experiment. The new dryer prototype was tested its efficiency for drying red onions slices 5 &10 mm to study the effect of drying air velocities (0.4,0.5 and 0.6 m/s) at air temperature (40.82,42.37 and 43.81)respectiviely.The qualitative analysis for drying of onions slices 5 mm showed that initial moisture content of about 88% (wet basis) was reduced to final moisture content of about (10%,12% and 16%) for velocities (0.4,0.5 and 0.6 m/s),while it were (16%,18% and 20.8%) for onions slices 10 mm respectiviely.The average percent of dryer efficiency was found to be 16.07, 12.83 and 12 % for air speed 0.4,0.5 and 0.6 m/s respectiviely. In order to estimate and select the suitable form of solar drying curves, five different mathematical models, were compared according to their coefficient of determination R2, MBE, RMSE, %E and chi square X2 to estimate experimental drying curves. The page and Modified page II model in this condition proved to be the best for predicting drying behavior of red onions slices 5 and 10 mm with (R2 = 0.9961 and 0.9899) and (X2 = 0.000121 and 0.000423). The effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) was obtained using Fick’s diffusion equation and its value varied from 1.46× 10-9 to 1.59× 10-9 m2/s and 5.25× 10-9 to 5.72× 10-9 m2/s. The temperature dependence of the diffusivity coefficients was described with the activation energy (Ea) value of 21.33 kJ/mol and 19.14 kJ/mol for red onions slices 5 and 10mm.Finally an economic evaluation was calculated using the criterion of payback period which is found very small 1.84 years compared to the life of the dryer 25 years.
Numerical Simulation of Reaction Mechanism of Ethane Pyrolysis to Form Benzene and Styrene

Based on Materials Studio and Aspen Plus, the reaction mechanism of producing benzene and styrene from ethane steam heat lysis was investigated through the addition reaction of free radicals + alkenes or free radicals + alkynes to form large free radicals and then through the cyclization and dehydrogenation of large free radicals to form aromatic hydrocarbons. It was found the thermal cracking of ethane had 2 paths to form benzene and 1 path to form styrene. The 1st path to form benzene is that the product ethylene form C2H3• through a chain transfer, then C2H3• and ethylene additively react to form 1-C4H7•-4, which then reacts with ethylene to form C6H11•, and finally, benzene is produced by dehydrogenation and transfer of C6H11•. The 2nd path to form benzene is that acetylene is produced by dehydrogenation of C2H3•, and then acetylene reacts via two sub-paths to form 1,3-C4H5•-4, which is cyclized to form C6H9•, and finally, benzene is formed through dehydrogenation and transfer. The path to form styrene is that 1,3-C4H5•-4 and 1,3-butadiene are cyclized to form C8H11•, and styrene is finally formed through dehydrogenation and chain transfer. Comparative analysis with industrial data showed there were 3 cycles in the ethane thermal cracking reaction network. The simulation data were well consistent with the industrial production data.
Effects of the Mediterranean diet adherence on body composition, blood parameters and quality of life in adults

Background It has been reported that Mediterranean diet (MD) may improve quality of life and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), some neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to determine adults’ adherence to the MD and evaluate the effect of the adherence to the MD on anthropometric measurements, specific biochemical parameters and quality of life. Methods A total of 142 volunteer adults were included. Food frequency questionnaire, MD adherence with 14-item scale, quality of life, anthropometric measurements via bioelectrical impedance analysis and certain blood parameters were evaluated. Results Out of 14 points, the mean MD adherence score of the participants was 6.89. The mean fat mass was significantly higher in those with low MD adherence (p=0.024). The results of other anthropometric measurements (except height) were higher in those with low MD adherence, though results were non-significant. The participants with high adherence to the MD had lower levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p=0.041), insulin (p=0.019) and triglyceride (TG) (p=0.012) compared with those with lower adherence. No significant relationship was found between the MD and quality of life and other blood parameters. Conclusion According to our study, MD adherence was associated with decreased fat mass, FBG, insulin and TG levels which suggests that the MD may be useful in the treatment of some chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and CVD. However, more clinical trials may be performed to determine the relationship between MD and chronic diseases.
Early responses to manganese (Mn) excess and its relation to antioxidant performance and organic acid exudation in barley cultivars

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants, and is necessary for biochemical and physiological processes. The objective of this research was to determine the early responses to Mn excess and its relation to antioxidant performance mechanisms and organic acid exudation in commercial barley cultivars. We determined early responses to Mn excess in four barley cultivars (Barke, Tatoo, Scarlett, Sebastian), which were subjected to increasing Mn concentrations (2.4-150-350-750-1500 μM Mn), pH 4.8, under nutrient solution during seven days. Results showed that plant growth parameters: biomass, length and relative growth rate (RGR) were negatively altered with the higher Mn treatments. Antioxidant performance such as antioxidant activity (AA) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxidase dismutase (SOD) were activated in presence of excess Mn. Oxalate was the major organic acid roots exudate, and the cultivar Sebastian had the highest oxalate exudation. In conclusion, Tatoo and Sebastian are proposed as the most Mn tolerant cultivars given that the biomass parameters were not affected by increasing Mn doses, showing major oxalate exudation. It is suggested that the mechanisms associated to Mn alleviation could be attributed to SOD, AA and organic acid production, mainly oxalate, in tolerant cultivars (Sebastian, Tatoo) together to significant decrease of total phenols (TP) in shoot of sensitive cultivars (Barke and Scarlett). Non-enzymatic barriers were not related to early responses, and an enzymatic barrier and oxalate exudation were considered as early indicators of Mn stress, projecting that the tolerance of Mn-tolerant cultivars could increase under field conditions.
Effect of Enrichment-Bleaching and Low Oxygen Atmosphere Storage on All-Purpose Wheat Flour Quality

Effect of Enrichment-Bleaching and Low Oxygen Atmosphere Storage on All-Purpose Wheat Flour Quality Jonathan Myers Swindler Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, BYU Master of Science All-purpose wheat flour is a useful long-term storage commodity, but is subject to offodor formation. Although flour stored in a low oxygen atmosphere should inhibit rancid odor formation, it elicits consumer complaints about odor. The purpose of this study was to examine off-odor development in all-purpose wheat flour during ambient and elevated storage by determining the effect of low oxygen atmosphere and enrichment-bleaching on quality as measured by, free fatty acids (FFA), flour descriptive sensory analysis, conjugated dienes, headspace volatiles, bread consumer sensory analysis, color, loaf volume, and vitamin analysis. Enriched, bleached (EB) and unenriched, unbleached (UU) flour was stored in a low and normal oxygen atmosphere in no. 10 cans at 22, 30, and 40°C for 24 weeks. Moisture remained constant throughout the study. Headspace oxygen was <0.1% in flour stored in a low oxygen atmosphere and decreased in flour stored in a normal oxygen atmosphere. FFA increased with storage time and temperature. The “fresh flour” descriptive aroma of flour decreased during storage and decreased more rapidly in a low oxygen atmosphere. The “cardboard/stale” aroma increased in flour stored in a normal oxygen atmosphere. The “acid-metallic” aroma increased in flour stored in a low oxygen atmosphere and was determined to be the off-odor from consumer complaints. Conjugated dienes and volatiles generally increased more rapidly in flour stored in a normal oxygen atmosphere and in EB flour, suggesting that the acid-metallic odor did not result from lipid oxidation. Bread consumer sensory analysis identified EB flour stored in a normal oxygen atmosphere to have the lowest acceptance scores for aroma, overall acceptability, and flavor. The acid-metallic odor dissipated within 24 hours when the container was opened and was not detrimental to consumer acceptance of bread made from the flour. Oxygen absorbers prevented the darkening of flour but not the reddening or yellowing. A low oxygen atmosphere resulted in higher bread loaf volumes. Vitamin degradation is not a concern under normal storage conditions. Bleaching appears to increase flour oxidative rancidity more than enrichment. Although storage at a low oxygen atmosphere results in an off-odor present in newly opened cans, it gave higher quality flour and bread. A low oxygen atmosphere should continue to be used in flour stored long-term, and consumers should be made aware that the off-odor present in cans of flour dissipates after opening.
A Discussion on the evolution of the Precambrian crust - The granulite facies, partial melting and the Archaean crust

As chairman of a session of the meeting I would like to add a few comments concerning some of the problems discussed. During the discussions certain important conclusions have appeared. The detailed descriptions presented of the oldest known samples of the Earth indicate that at that time the crust had already a remarkably similar structure and chemistry to that of more modern times. It has also been made clear that rocks of the granulite facies make a massive contribution to the base of the ancient crust and logically could make a large contribution to modern regions under batholith zones of mobile belts, where the crust has been thickened by tectonic events. It also seems possible that the mantle processes controlling tectonics in the Archaean, while having some features in common with the present regime, were unique. Most models of the Earth’s thermal history (Birch 1965) suggest a very hot initial stage and it is difficult to see how the general geochemical equilibrium state of the Earth could be achieved without a very large degree of melting at some period of Earth history. If a large molten fraction is assumed, it would be difficult to preclude very complex convective structures. Crust will appear when surface temperatures approach 800 °C which could be at a very early stage indeed. When liquid water appears on the surface at 100 °C or less, a crust a few kilometres thick would rapidly form. Some present models (Finale 1971) indicate that formation of a hydrosphere might be an early event and this process itself would accelerate initial cooling. It might well be expected that the earliest semi-stable crustal fragments would be granitic. Such materials would be capable of floating on basalt liquids while solid basalt would be rapidly engulfed. This crust would also concentrate radioactive species (see Heier, this volume). When an aqueous phase is present, weathering would be intense partly on account of the supply of acids from intense volcanism and also from the supply of glassy volcanic debris. Early geochemical separation processes associated with a hydrosphere would thus be intense and synchronous with thicker crust formation. The initially radioactive crust could well have been associated with thermal gradients of the order of 100 °C km-1 and could hardly be thicker than 10 km before belting would occur at the base with the occurrence of igneous overturn of the material.
Temporal stability of Orbicella annularis symbioses: a case study in The Bahamas

Orbicella annularis (Ellis and Solander, 1786), a key reef building species, is unusual among Caribbean corals in the flexibility it displays in its symbioses with dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae. This variability has been documented at a range of spatial scales; from within and between colonies to scales spanning the entire species range. However, temporal variability in Symbiodiniaceae communities found within O. annularis colonies is not well understood. Evidence suggests that symbiont communities in this coral species fluctuate temporally in response to environmental stressors (sporadic changes in abundance and in community composition). In this study, we investigated temporal stability of symbiont communities in O. annularis at four sites in The Bahamas over a period spanning 6 yrs. While the dominant symbiont species, Breviolum minutum (LaJeunesse et al.) J.E. Parkinson & LaJeunesse (formerly ITS2-type B1), remained stable across four patch-reef study sites, finer resolution molecular techniques revealed inter-annual variability in the presence/ absence of cryptic species Durusdinium trenchii (LaJeunesse) LaJeunesse (formerly ITS2-type D1a). Durusdinium trenchii is known to play a role in resistance to environmental stress and may have a protective effect under warm conditions. These results suggest that, while it might take an extreme environmental perturbation to trigger a long-term shift in the dominant symbiont, at background levels, less prevalent symbiont taxa are likely to be continually shuffling their relative abundances as they change in response to seasonal or environmental changes.
Public Investment in Russia: Peculiarities of Implementation and Ways to Improve Efficiency

The study of dynamics and peculiarities of the main forms of public investment in Russia in order to find mechanisms to improve the efficiency of public investment. The research offers options to solve the problem of improving the efficiency of public investment in Russia. Apart from the measures designed to improve the statutory legal framework for public investment, it is necessary to revise the approach to the management of all public finances.
The effect of rhizosphere soil on the flavonoid metabolism in the roots of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum

Background: Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (T. hemsleyanum) is a precious and rare traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Flavonoid is its main medicinal ingredient. Wild T. hemsleyanum (W-TH) growing in Zhejiang Province, China is recognized as a medicinal material of “San Ye Qing” Dao-di herbs. The different origins and thus the contents of medicinal ingredients are the key criteria used to determine whether the medicinal materials are authentic Dao-di herbs. However, it is less known how the eco-environments of its specific producing area, especially microbial community in rhizosphere soil, affect the content of medicinal ingredients in “San Ye Qing”. In the present study, we determined the content of total flavonoids and the enzymatic activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the roots of W-TH and artificially cultivated T. hemsleyanum (C-TH), as well as the nutrient compositions and metagenome in rhizosphere soil. The effects of the rhizosphere soil on the flavonoid metabolism in T. hemsleyanum were evaluated. Results: The contents of total flavonoids and the PAL activity were higher in W-TH root than in C-TH root. The contents of both available phosphorus and available potassium were higher in the rhizosphere soil of W-TH than in that of C-TH, while the contents of nitrogen and organic matter in the rhizosphere root of C-TH were higher than that of W-TH. Compared with the rhizosphere of C-TH, the abundances of genera Enterobacter, Serratia, Raoultella, Kluyvera, Comamonas, Acinetobacte, and Arthrobacter, and the pathways related to nitrogen metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphinate metabolism, and phosphotransferase system in the rhizosphere of W-TH were significantly different. There existed differences in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism in the rhizospheres of W-TH and C-TH. Conclusions: The contents of nitrogen and available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil affect diversity abundance, nitrogen metabolism, phosphorus metabolism, and phenylalanine (Phe) anabolism of rhizosphere microorganisms. They may further affect Phe content and PAL activity for the synthesis of flavonoids in the root of T. hemsleyanum.
Enterotype Variations of the Healthy Human Gut Microbiome in Different Geographical Regions

Enterotypes are used for classifying individuals based on the gut microbiome. A number of studies are available to find the Enterotypes in healthy individuals; however, most of them lack comparisons at the world level. We analyzed the healthy human gut microbiomes of 495 datasets available in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) database derived from fifteen countries from four continents. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the two most abundant phyla in the healthy human gut, worldwide. A high ratio of Proteobacteriato Actinobacteria and a low abundance of Prevotella were identified as the indicators of IBD. Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Bifidobacterium were identified as the Enterotypes in the inter-continental comparisons. At the intra-continental level, two (Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae), four (Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Clostridiales), and two (Prevotella, Bacteroides/Bifidobacterium) Enterotypes were identified in the American, European, and Asian continents, respectively. In addition, a high abundance of the unknown genus of Ruminococcaeae was observed in the Colombian human gut microbiome. A substantial impact of the geographical distance was observed on human gut microbiome variations, demonstrating a cumulative effect of factors, including dietary habits, genetics, lifestyle, environment, and climate, etc.
Nonneutral and quasi-neutral diffusion of weakly ionized multiconstituent plasma. [in mesosphere and D Region]

A theory is developed for ambipolar diffusion in a multiconstituent weakly ionized plasma. The implications of the presence of negative ions and of differing positive ion and negative ion diffusion coefficients are found. In particular, the presence of numerous negative ions is found to enhance the diffusion of the electrons. Furthermore, this theory of multiconstituent ambipolar diffusion is extended to include the nonneutral case in which the scale length of the inhomogeneity is smaller than or of the order of the electron Debye length.
Effect of ceftiofur cessation and substitution with lincomycin-spectinomycin on extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase/AmpC genes and multidrug resistance in E. coli from a Canadian broiler production pyramid

Ceftiofur, a cephalosporin antimicrobial, was used systematically in Canadian hatcheries for many years to prevent early mortality in chicks leading to a high prevalence of cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli in chickens. Preventive use of ceftiofur in hatcheries ceased in 2014. We examined the effect of ceftiofur cessation and replacement with lincomycin-spectinomycin at the hatchery on the proportion of E. coli positive for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase related genes, and on the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL/AmpC positive E. coli in broilers and their associated breeders, at one year post-cessation. For indicator E. coli from non-enriched media, a significant decrease post-cessation in the proportion of samples harboring E. coli isolates positive for blaCMY-2 and/or blaCTX-M was observed. In contrast, following enrichment in medium containing ceftriaxone (1mg/L) to facilitate recovery of ESBL/AmpC β-lactamase producing E. coli colonies, both pre- and post-cessation, 99% of the samples harbored E. coli positive for blaCMY-2 or blaCTX-M. Flocks receiving lincomycin-spectinomycin after cessation of ceftiofur showed a significantly greater non-susceptibility to aminoglycoside, folate inhibitor, phenicol, tetracycline and possible extensively drug resistant E. coli compared to those receiving ceftiofur or no antimicrobial at hatchery. This study clearly demonstrates an initial decrease in ESBL/AmpC positive E. coli following the cessation of ceftiofur in hatchery but an increase in multidrug resistant E. coli following replacement with lincomycin-spectinomycin. Importance Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. The antimicrobial ceftiofur has been used worldwide for disease prevention in poultry production resulting in a greatly increased resistance to this antimicrobial important in poultry and human medicine. Our study examines the impact of ceftiofur cessation and its replacement with the antimicrobial combination lincomycin-spectinomycin, a common practice in the industry. Our study demonstrated a decrease in ceftiofur resistance after the cessation of its use, although the resistance genes remain ubiquitous in all phases of poultry production, showing that poultry remains a reservoir for ceftiofur resistance and requiring continued vigilance. We also observed a decrease in multidrug resistance after cessation of ceftiofur although the contrary finding following use of lincomycin-spectinomycin indicates that the use of these antimicrobials should be questioned. Reduced resistance to ceftiofur in poultry may translate to better treatment efficacy, decreased morbidity, mortality, duration and cost of hospitalization in humans.