Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treball de Fi de Grau Academic Year: 2019-2020 Coordinator: Elsa Tragant (G4) TITLE: Difficulties That Korean and Spanish Learners of English as a Foreign Language Encounter When Learning the Language STUDENT’S NAME:

This study examines the differences between Spanish and Korean learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), focusing on some aspects of language learning that can be challenging when learning English. The participants of this study were 10 Spanish and 10 Korean learners of English, who were individually asked about some linguistic aspects related to vocabulary, morphology, syntax and phonetics. These features were selected taking into account the L1 of the learners. All of the participants were sent a questionnaire in which they had to rate the difficulty of the English items under study and the results were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. Findings show that, in general, the Spanish participants found learning English easier than the Korean participants, and that English pronunciation was the most challenging aspect for both groups.
Biochemical and Physiological Modifications in Seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. After Hardening with Salicylic Acid

Exogenous application of stress inductors can facilitate and accelerate some biological responses that promote plant defense. The objective of the experiment was to quantify some compounds linked to nitrogen metabolism as a function of the application of salicylic acid in Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings submitted to water deficit. The experiment was constituted of four doses of salicylic acid and three periods of water deficit. Quantifications included levels of nitrate, free ammonium, total soluble amino acids, proteins, proline, glycine-betaine and relative water content. When evaluating the relative water content in seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius at 8 days, it was observed that the dose of 200 mg L -1 . Seedlings showed physiological responses when subjected to doses of salicylic acid of 200 and 300 mg L -1 . The increase in concentration of proline and glycine are advantageous, because these substances act as osmoregulators and cell protectors against deficit hydrical.
Large Deviations Principles for Coulomb gases at intermediate temperature regime

This paper deals with Coulomb gases at an intermediate temperature regime. We deﬁne a local empirical ﬁeld and identify a critical temperature scaling. We show that if the scaling of the temperature is supercritical, the local empirical ﬁeld satisﬁes an LDP with an entropy-based rate function. We also show that if the scaling of the temperature is subcritical, the local empirical ﬁeld satisﬁes an LDP with an energy-based rate function. In the critical temperature scaling regime, we derive an LDP-type result in which the "rate function" features the competition of entropy and energy terms.
A numerical approach for one dimensional thermal consolidation of clays

In saturated soils, heating induces thermal expansion of both grains and the pore fluid. Lower thermal expansion coefficient of aggregates results in the increase of pore pressure and reduction of the effective stress besides subsequent volume changes due to the dissipation of pore pressure and heat transfer. Dissipation of thermally induced pore pressure with time is a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) phenomenon, involving gradients of pore pressure and temperature, hydraulic and thermal flows within the mass of soil and changes in the mechanical properties with temperature. The objective of this paper is presentation of a numerical method to determine the effect of temperature on consolidation of clays. In this regard, the finite element code, PISA is used for one dimensional THM analysis of porous media. The analysis performed using both linear elastic and elastoplastic Cam clay models. Modified Cam clay model was applied in elastoplastic analysis. Variation of temperature, displacements and pore pressure determined with time and compared with numerical solutions of other researchers. Also it was indicated that implementation of coupled THM analysis yields better results for displacements compared to the hydro mechanical (HM) one. Application of elastoplastic constitutive model instead of linear elastic one indicated that preconsolidation pressure has an important effect on results of analysis.
Novel approach identifies SNPs in SLC2A10 and KCNK9 with evidence for parent-of-origin effect on body mass index

The phenotypic effect of some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) depends on their parental origin. We present a novel approach to detect parent-of-origin effects (POEs) in genome-wide genotype data of unrelated individuals. The method exploits increased phenotypic variance in the heterozygous genotype group relative to the homozygous groups. We applied the method to . 56,000 unrelated individuals to search for POEs influencing body mass index (BMI). Six lead SNPs were carried forward for replication in five family-based studies (of , 4,000 trios). Two SNPs replicated: the paternal rs2471083-C allele (located near the imprinted KCNK9 gene) and the paternal rs3091869-T allele (located near the SLC2A10 gene) increased BMI equally (beta =0.11 (SD), P , 0.0027) compared to the respective maternal alleles. Real-time PCR experiments of lymphoblastoid cell lines from the CEPH families showed that expression of both genes was dependent on parental origin of the SNPs alleles (P , 0.01). Our scheme opens new opportunities to exploit GWAS data of unrelated individuals to identify POEs and demonstrates that they play an important role in adult obesity.
PITCH PEAK ALIGNMENT IN RUSSIAN DECLARATIVES, INTERROGATIVES, AND EXCLAMATIONS

Differences in pitch peak alignment between intonation contours have been found pertinent to the production and perception of sentence types in a number of languages. In particular, pitch peak alignment may contribute to sentence type disambiguation when only intonation markers of sentence types are present. This study investigates if pitch peak alignment differences are employed by speakers of Russian in the production of one-word, three-syllable declaratives, interrogatives, enumerations and exclamations with a rise-fall pitch contour. The results indicate that an earlier pitch peak target is characteristic of exclamations and declaratives, and a later target - of interrogatives and enumerations. The exact location of the target as well as the magnitude of the difference in the target shift between each pair of sentence types is subject-specific.
Cross-Platform Multimodal Misinformation: Taxonomy, Characteristics and Detection for Textual Posts and Videos

Social media posts that direct users to YouTube videos are one of the most effective techniques for spreading misinformation. However, it has been observed that such posts rarely get deleted or flagged. Since multi-modal misinformation that leads to compelling videos has more impact than using just textual content, it is important to characterize and detect such textual post and video pairs to prevent users from becoming victims of misinformation. To address this gap, we build a taxonomy of how links to YouTube videos are used on social media platforms. We then use pairs of posts and videos annotated with this taxonomy to test several classification models built using cross-platform features. Our work reveals several characteristics of post-video pairs, in terms of how posts and videos are related to each other, the type of content they share, and their collective outcome. In addition, we find that traditional approaches to misinformation detection that rely only on text from posts miss a significant number of post-video pairs that contain misinformation. More importantly, we find that to reduce the spread of misinformation via post-video pairs, classifiers would be more effective if they are designed to use data and features from multiple diverse platforms.
New Observations of Recently Active Wrinkle Ridges in the Lunar Mare: Implications for the Timing and Origin of Lunar Tectonics

The variety of tectonic features on the Moon indicates that the lunar lithosphere has undergone a complex deformational history. Lobate scarps and wrinkle ridges are two such tectonic features that have resulted from compressional stresses. The crisp morphologies and cross cutting relations associated with a global population of lobate scarps have been cited as evidence for their recent (<1.0 Ga) formation, but observations of recently active wrinkle ridges have not been made on a similar scale. Here, we present new observations of 1,116 recently active (∼0.056–1.5 Ga) wrinkle ridge segments on the lunar maria. Our results indicate that clusters of recently active wrinkle ridges are distributed across ∼90% of nearside mare basins. Spatial correlations were noted between wrinkle ridge orientations with predicted stress fields from both orbital recession and global contraction as well as ongoing reactivation of a residual set of structures associated with the South Pole–Aitken basin.
Principal Component Analysis for Nonstationary Series

This paper develops a procedure for uncovering the common cyclical factors that drive a mix of stationary and nonstationary variables. The method does not require knowing which variables are nonstationary or the nature of the nonstationarity. Applications to the term structure of interest rates and to the FRED-MD macroeconomic dataset demonstrate that the approach offers similar benefits to those of traditional principal component analysis with some added advantages.
Analytical Magnetic Field Calculation for Flat Permanent-Magnet Linear Machines with Dual-Rotor by using Improved 2-D Hybrid Analytical Method

Purpose – This paper proposes an improved two-dimensional (2-D) hybrid analytical method (HAM) in Cartesian coordinates, based on the exact subdomain (SD) technique and the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC). Design/methodology/approach – The magnetic field solution is obtained by coupling an exact analytical model (AM), calculated in all regions having relative permeability equal to unity, with a MEC, using a nodal-mesh formulation (i.e., Kirchhoff's current law) in ferromagnetic regions. The AM and MEC are connected in both axes (𝑥, 𝑦) of the (non-)periodicity direction (i.e., in the interface between the tooth regions and all its adjacent regions as slots and/or air-gap). To provide accuracy solutions, the current density distribution in slot regions is modeled by using Maxwell’s equations instead of the MEC characterized by an equivalent magnetomotive force (MMF) located in slots, teeth and yokes. Findings – It is found that whatever the iron core relative permeability, the developed HAM gives accurate results for no-and on-load conditions. Finite-element analysis (FEA) demonstrates excellent results of the developed technique. Originality/value – The main objective of this paper is to make a direct coupling between the AM and MEC in both directions (i.e., 𝑥 - and 𝑦 -edges). The current density distribution is modeled by using Maxwell’s equations instead of the MEC and characterized by an MMF.
Reflections on Shared Mood Boards: Examining Craft-Education Students’ Conceptual Design

Omwami , A , Lahti , H & Seitamaa-Hakkarainen , P 2021 , Reflections on Shared Mood þÿ B o a r d s : E x a m i n i n g C r a f t E d u c a t i o n S t u d e n t s C o n c e p t u a l D e s i g n . i n E B o h e m i a , L M Nielsen , L Pan , N A G Z Börekçi & Y Zhang (eds) , Proceedings of the DRS Learn X Design 2021 : 6th International Conference for Design Education Researchers . vol. 2 , þÿ D e s i g n R e s e a r c h S o c i e t y , L o n d o n , p p . 3 9 5 4 0 4 , D R S L E A R N x D E S I G N 2 0 2 1 : 6 t h International Conference for Design Education Researchers , 24/09/2021 . https://doi.org/10.21606/drs_lxd2021. 06.118
Access to Patent Information and Technological Acquisitions: Evidence from the Patent and Trademark Depository Library Program

Technology acquirers face significant information asymmetry when identifying appropriate acquisition targets. Employing the staggered openings of patent libraries as an exogenous variation in the costs of gathering technological information, we find that firms become more active in acquisitions following the local patent library opening. Furthermore, we find that acquirers prefer targets that are geographically close or are similar in technological space, however to a lesser extent after a local patent library opens. The results imply that the openings of patent libraries reduce the costs of collecting technology information about potential targets, thereby allowing acquirers to broaden their search to more geographically and technologically distant targets. Additionally, the effect on the pairing choices of acquirers and targets appears value-enhancing. After patent library opening, there is a significant increase in the M&A completion rate as well as the -day abnormal cumulative returns around acquisition announcement day. Overall, our study sheds light on the importance of information search costs in corporate takeovers.
Specific (sialyl-)Lewis core 2 O-glycans differentiate colorectal cancer from healthy colon epithelium

Cells are covered with a dense layer of carbohydrates, some of which are solely present on neoplastic cells. The so-called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are increasingly recognized as promising targets for immunotherapy. These carbohydrates differ from those of the surrounding non-cancerous tissues and contribute to the malignant phenotype of the cancer cells by promoting proliferation, metastasis, and immunosuppression. However, due to tumor tissue heterogeneity and technological limitations, TACAs are insufficiently explored. Methods: A workflow was established to decode the colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated O-linked glycans from approximately 20,000 cell extracts. Extracts were obtained through laser capture microdissection of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues of both primary tumors and metastatic sites, and compared to healthy colon mucosa from the same patients. The released O-glycans were analyzed by porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. Results: Distinctive O-glycosylation features were found in cancerous, stromal and normal colon mucosal regions. Over 100 O-linked glycans were detected in cancerous regions with absence in normal mucosa. From those, six core 2 O-glycans were exclusively found in more than 33% of the cancers, carrying the terminal (sialyl-)LewisX/A antigen. Moreover, two O-glycans were present in 72% of the analyzed cancers and 94% of the investigated cancers expressed at least one of these two O-glycans. In contrast, normal colon mucosa predominantly expressed core 3 O-glycans, carrying α2-6-linked sialylation, (sulfo-)LewisX/A and Sda antigens. Conclusion: In this study, we present a novel panel of highly specific TACAs, based upon differences in the glycomic profiles between CRC and healthy colon mucosa. These TACAs are promising new targets for development of innovative cancer immune target therapies and lay the foundation for the targeted treatment of CRC.
Not Too Close and Not Too Far: Enforcing Monotonicity Requires Penalizing The Right Points

In this work, we propose a practical scheme to enforce monotonicity in neural networks with respect to a given subset of the dimensions of the input space. The proposed approach focuses on the setting where point-wise gradient penalties are used as a soft constraint alongside the empirical risk during training. Our results indicate that the choice of the points employed for computing such a penalty deﬁnes the regions of the input space where the desired property is satisﬁed. As such, previous methods result in models that are monotonic either only at the boundaries of the input space or in the small volume where training data lies. Given this, we propose an alternative approach that uses pairs of training instances and random points to create mixtures of points that lie inside and outside of the convex hull of the training sample. Empirical evaluation carried out using different datasets show that the proposed approach yields predictors that are monotonic in a larger volume of the space compared to previous methods. Our approach does not introduce relevant computational overhead leading to an efﬁcient procedure that consistently achieves the best performance amongst all alternatives.
Rethinking Motivation in Choir Participation: Proposing a Contextual Model of Motivation

: Choir singing is a worldwide, multifaceted phenomenon, thus, to some extent choral research can be described as a multidisciplinary field. However, research on motivation in choir participation does not show the same multifaceted diversity, which would create opportunities for expanding present discourse. The aim of this chapter is to rethink the notion of motivation in choir participation by emphasising the importance of cultural and social contexts, and by doing this, offer a deeper and more nuanced understanding, which also includes sociological, cultural, and emic bottom-up perspectives. The data for this study were generated in Sunnmøre, Norway, and includes twelve interviews, notes from participant observation periods with four choirs, and a larger online survey. Through a “near-to-the-data” analysis the findings are expressed through a contextual model of motivation, where a range of motivational factors were sorted according to whether they are perceived to be central or peripheral to the informant. The model proposes connections and dynamics providing insight into how motivation may evolve both individ-ually and collectively, and offers alternative ways of speaking and thinking, creating opportunities for changing how we experience and do choral work and research. peak experiences, personal development and expressions of identity mentioned earlier.
V.Yu. Krotova FEATURES OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION OF LOW CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

Features of cognitive disorders in patients with arterial hypertension of low cardiovascular risk. Krotova V.Yu. By the WHO data, Ukraine is country number 1 in Europe and number 2 in the world according to the cardiovascular mortality rate. In the structure of the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Ukraine, the percentage of persons of working age with arterial hypertension is 36.7%. The improvement of the prognosis of patients with arterial hypertension depends not only on long-term effective control of blood pressure, but the diagnosis and initiation of therapy at the initial stage of the development of the disease, when the target organs have not yet undergone hypertensive damage is also an important condition. The article presents the results of neuropsychological examination of 509 outpatients with a controlled second stage arterial hypertension, with an integrated assessment of cognitive functions using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MCA) methods. It has been established that even in patients with controlled arterial hypertension stage II with a low cardiovascular risk, by SCORE scale cognitive disorders were revealed in 32,2%. The peculiarities of the development of cognitive disorders in arterial hypertension in connection with the history and course of the disease are analyzed. The majority of patients with hypertension have an increased level of anxiety, especially personality, and this is not due to the presence or absence of cognitive disorders. In patients with hypertension and cognitive disorders, on the basis of testing data by the SF-36 scale, there was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in quality of life on all scales as compared with healthy ones on average by 24.5-66.0 points.
Understanding the macroeconomic Effects of public Research: an Application of a Regression-microfounded CGE-model to the Case of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft in Germany

Estimating the economic returns to public science investments has been a key topic in economics. However, while in particular microeconomic approaches have been proposed, only a few studies have tried estimating the macroeconomic effects of public science investments. In this paper, we propose a micro-rooted macro-modelling framework, which combines the strength of an econometric causal identification of key effects with the power of a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework, and provides additional economic structure of the estimates allowing us a fine-grained sectoral differentiation of all effects. Applying our approach to the German Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, the world's largest publicly funded organization for applied research, we show that macroeconomic returns are - irrespective of econometric specification - a high multitude of the original investment costs. In specific, the activities by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft increase Germany´s GDP by 1.6% and employment by 437,000 jobs. Our CGE analysis further shows that the effects concentrate in the chemicals, pharmaceuticals, motor vehicles and machinery sectors. The substantial size of our estimated effects corroborate recent macroeconomic evidence on the social returns to innovation. control for unobserved heterogeneity by using fixed effects, selectivity biases by using entropy-weighting, simultaneity by using dynamic panel data estimators as well as non-stationarity in the time-series by implementing a cointegration analysis. On the CGE-model, we consider a large number of modelling alternatives.
Modelling determinants of Contraception use in women in rural households in Kenya

In recent times, there has been an exponential growth of the human population currently standing at 7.6 billion. There has been an increase in contraception which entails pregnancy prevention by inhibiting the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implan-tation (Lasong et al., 2019). However, contraception is not embraced and adopted by all women of childbearing age, which contributes to uncontrolled population growth due to an increase in unintended pregnancies. Contraceptive use in rural areas is low compared to urban areas in Kenya . Low contraceptives use in the rural setting translates to high population growth, which leads to poverty as the inhabitants’ strain to acquire the basic necessities, including water, food, and decent clothing. There is a need to enhance increased awareness about contraceptives in rural areas to address the negative outcomes associated with early and unwanted pregnancies. The intervention is bound to help the women in the rural setting overcome challenges in meeting health and socio-economics needs while accelerating development, as witnessed in most urban settings in Kenya. The project aims to study the determinants of contraception use in women in rural households in Kenya. The study has utilized secondary data from the 2014 Kenya demographic Health Survey (KDHS). The binary logistic model is used for the analysis of data in the study. The study has also focused on comparing contraceptive use among teenage girls and adults. The backward selection method allowed for dropping of non-significant variables and retaining of significant variables in the model. The findings show the variables that were associated with the outcome variable were; age in 10-year brackets, age at first birth, highest education level, age at first sex, religion, household size, literacy level, wealth index, number of children ever born, gender of head of the household and marital status. Results reveal that women who were young adults (25-34) years were less likely to use contraceptives compared to the Adolescent Girls and Young Women (15-24) years. The study findings inform the policy interventions geared towards creating awareness to boost contraceptives use among women in the rural setting of Kenya. The study recom-mends the efforts to empower women to be more self-reliant,