Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Particle Physics of Brane Worlds and Extra Dimensions

The possibility that we live in a higher-dimensional world with spatial dimensions greater than three started with the early work of Kaluza and Klein. However, in addressing experimental constraints, early model-builders were forced to compactify these extra dimensions to very tiny scales. With the development of brane-world scenarios it became possible to consider novel compactifications which allow the extra dimensions to be large or to provide observable effects of these dimensions at experimentally accessible energy scales. This book provides a comprehensive account of these recent developments, keeping the high-energy physics implications in focus. After an historical survey of the idea of extra dimensions, the book deals in detail with models of large extra dimensions, warped extra dimensions and other models such as universal extra dimensions. The theoretical and phenomenological implications are discussed in a pedagogical manner for both researchers and graduate students.
A Lack of Focus, Not Task Avoidance, Makes the Difference: Work Routines in Procrastinators and Non-Procrastinators

Procrastination may be seen as the outcome of a learning history of delaying the onset of task execution and its completion, both in terms of time and effort. In this study, we examined the performance of 55 university students who carried out two writing tasks consisting of summarizing two academic papers, each within a different time slot (i.e., five vs. three days to complete). The two assignments were part of the class activity and were perceived by participants as homogeneous in terms of text appreciation and difficulty, therefore making the two conditions comparable. The Pure Procrastination Scale was used to categorize subjects as high and low procrastinators, and to compare their performances. Results show that students who report more procrastination behaviors tend to increase their productivity as the deadline approaches, while low procrastinators are more productive throughout the time at their disposal, with peak activity during the intermediate day. Such a strategy was consistent across two deadlines (five vs. three days), and the difference between the two subgroups can be ascribed to the task-oriented coping style, which seems to be lacking in high-procrastinators.
Seasonal Snow Cover and Short-Term Climatic Fluctuations over the United States

Abstract Interannual fluctuations of snow cover in the United States are evaluated in the context of short-term climatic variability. The analysis is based on 2.5 and 15.0 cm snow coverage digitized weekly for the winters of 1949–50 through 1980–81. The winter of least snow (1980–81) and the winters of most snow (1977–78 and 1978–79) have occurred in the most recent portion of the record. Considerable persistence of departures from normal snow cover is evident in the monthly lagged autocorrelations, which range from 0.35 in the lee of the Rockies to 0.75 in the Far, West. Fluctuations of surface temperature are most highly correlated with snow cover in a broad east-west band which straddles the normal wintertime position of the snow edge. Snow anomalies in the eastern and western United States are associated with opposite phases of a three-cell field of 760 mb height anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean and North America. A series of regression analyses shows that a portion of the surface temperature va.
Esthetic Perception of Different Clinical Situations of Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis According to Populations with Dental and Non-Dental Backgrounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Treatment of unilateral or bilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is challenging, time-consuming, expensive, and requires careful treatment planning, predictability, and esthetics. This review aimed to identify differences in esthetic perception among orthodontists, general dentists, differentiated dentists, and laypersons, which may interfere with treatment options. EBSCO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library databases, and Google Scholar were searched using keyword pairing and a Boolean expression, “(congenitally missing OR agenesis OR hypodontia) AND (maxillary lateral incisors) AND (esthetic perception OR smile) AND (laypersons OR dental professional OR general dentist OR orthodontists). ” Reviews and case studies were excluded. A total of 13 studies were selected for qualitative analysis (adapted ROBINS-I) and 11 were selected for meta-analysis (p < 0.05) after being sub-grouped into “Opening vs. Closure” and “No remodeling vs. Dental remodeling vs. Dental and gingival remodeling” groups. A meta-analysis evaluated the magnitude of the difference between groups based on differences in means and effect sizes (α = 0.05; 95% CI; Z-value 1.96), revealing that the esthetic perception of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis treatment remains controversial even among professionals. Gingival remodeling was not valued compared to isolated dental remodeling. Studies lack rigorously comparable methodologies. Discussion with the patient is pertinent in doubtful situations, as the best treatment option remains unclear, and overtreatment should be avoided.
Investigation of Mhd Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Stagnation-Point Flow with Variable Transport Properties and Multislip Effects: An Application to Solar Radiation

Heat and mass transfer performance of Casson nanofluid for both non-conducting (m=0), electrically conducting (m≠0) fluids with solar radiation effects in stagnation point flow is considered. In this model, entropy, irreversibility, and multi slip impacts over a shrinking, static, and stretching sheet are investigated. To minimize the energy used in the solar system, it is important to monitor the processes of heat and mass transfer in the solar radiation process. The slips boundary conditions acts as a closure of the fluid velocity, mass, and heat transfer differential equations. The equations obtained are solved numerically via Galerkin Weighted Residual Method (GWRM). In the limiting sense, the present results conform with the existing work. The Behaviors of the flow physical quantities, temperature, concentration, and velocity for distinct values of the applicable dimensionless numbers are demonstrated with tables and graphs. The results reveal that, for a theoretical account of thermal boundary layers, Prandtl number serves as a variable. Furthermore, higher values of variable thermal conductivity have a significant influence on the skin friction coefficient than the case of constant variable thermal conductivity even when the fluid viscosity is assumed to be variable. The structure of the new method can be applied to the development of oil production.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/SiO2 Nanocomposite Based on Rice Husk Silica Using Sol-Gel Method

In this study, silver-silica (Ag/SiO2) was synthesized using the sol-gel method by silica from rice husks. Silica derived from rice husk waste was previously synthesized using the sol gel method. In addition, the Ag material used in this study was also performed into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This method was chosen to obtain an Ag/SiO2 composite with nano size and high purity. AgNPs were synthesized using silver nitrate (AgNO3) by reduction method at 90 °C. The reducing agent and stabilizer used is trisodium citrate. UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX were used for the analysis Ag/SiO2 composites. Uv-Vis analysis results Ag/SiO2 has an absorption peak at a wavelength of 412 nm with a bandgap energy of 2.25 eV. These peaks indicate that AgNPs have formed in the SiO2 membrane. The FTIR results revealed the Si-O-Si bonds which indicated the presence of silica and the Ag-O functional group, and the presence of AgNPs. The results of XRD analysis showed that the silica structure formed was cristobalite and silver crystals in the face center cubic (fcc) shape. The results of the SEM-EDX morphological analysis showed that the Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite was shaped like sharp stone chips and the presence of small granules (granules) with different particle sizes and shapes, slightly porous and the composition of the compounds in the Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite indicated the presence of various chemical elements in the sample, including carbon, oxygen, sodium, silica, and silver.
Formation of a Sharp Snow Gradient in a Midwestern Heavy Snow Event

Abstract A case study of the 13–14 March 1999 heavy snow event across southern Missouri and neighboring states is presented. Of the many features that made this storm notable, the very sharp gradient on the northern periphery of the snowfall field was most intriguing. Moreover, that the snowfall field was confined to the southern half of the state resulted in snow-free regions across central Missouri where significant accumulations had been predicted. The focus of this study was thus to reveal the cause of such large snowfall gradients. Little evidence exists of convective snowfall over Missouri through 1200 UTC 14 March 1999, when this study ends. Analyses confirm that the release of neither convective instability nor conditional symmetric instability was responsible for the large snowfall gradient on the northern boundary. Instead, the juxtaposition of dry and moist airstreams from the north and south, respectively, as components of a deformation zone ultimately defined the large snowfall gradient acros.
An Evaluation of Two Models for Estimation of the Roughness Height for Heat Transfer between the Land Surface and the Atmosphere

Abstract Roughness height for heat transfer is a crucial parameter in estimation of heat transfer between the land surface and the atmosphere. Although many empirical formulations have been proposed over the past few decades, the uncertainties associated with these formulations are shown to be large, especially over sparse canopies. In this contribution, a simple physically based model is derived for the estimation of the roughness height for heat transfer. This model is derived from a complex physical model based on the “localized near-field” Lagrangian theory. This model (called Massman's model) and another recently proposed model derived by fitting simulation results of a simple multisource bulk transfer model (termed Blumel's model) are evaluated using three experimental datasets. The results of the model performances are judged by using the derived roughness values to compute sensible heat fluxes with the bulk transfer formulation and comparing these computed fluxes to the observed sensible heat flux.
Self-awareness as the key to successful adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Indonesia: A grounded theory study

Background Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) continues to pose a significant challenge for people living with HIV (PLWH). Non-adherence to ART can have far-reaching implications for patient well-being, particularly in increasing the risk of opportunistic infections when medication is not taken as prescribed. Objective This study aimed to develop a theoretical model that explains how PLWH in Indonesia adhere to their ART regimen and the strategies they follow to maintain adherence. Methods The study used a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews with 21 PLWH who had been taking ART for six months or more at a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Jakarta, Indonesia, between July 2019 and November 2019. Theoretical sampling was used, and the data analysis method of Corbin and Strauss was utilized, including open coding, axis coding, and selective coding. Results Three stages were identified as a process of adherence to the ART regimen: 1) initiating ART, 2) missing the connection, and 3) taking control. Self-awareness was identified as the central core theme describing the ART adherence process. Conclusion Having adequate self-awareness to take ART regularly is crucial to improving adherence to ART. Moreover, social support from one’s spouse and family members can help patients maintain adherence. Therefore, self-awareness and support systems should be included as components in nursing interventions when starting ART therapy. In addition, nurses can help identify potential support persons and provide information related to ART therapy.
Extraction and solubility modelling of Sarawak Black Pepper Oil in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The solubility of Black Pepper Oil (BPO) was measured in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2). The temperatures and pressures of the extraction were chosen in the range of 313 – 333K and 100 - 300 bars, respectively. The solubilities attained ranged between 0.27 x 10-5 to 2.88 x 10-5 g extract/g CO2. 5 different empirical models were selected to predict the solubility of BPO in SC-CO2. Among the 5 empirical models, Belghait model resulted in the lowest but best absolute average relative deviation (AARD) of 14.90%.
Differentiation of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Adulterated Kelulut Honey Using Physicochemical, Rheological, and Antibacterial Parameters

Kelulut (stingless bee) honey (KH) possesses a wide range of benefits for human consumption and can exhibit medical effects. Due to its high value, this premium honey is often adulterated with different types of cheaper sugars, causing low nutrients and potential food safety threats in the final product. This study aims to determine the physicochemical, rheological, and antibacterial properties of sugar-based adulterated KH from the stingless bee species Heterotrigona itama. Adulterated samples were prepared using pure honey mixed with different concentrations of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), i.e., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Water activity, colour, total soluble solids, pH, turbidity, viscosity, and antimicrobial activity of KH were determined. In addition, the primary sugar composition (fructose, glucose, and trehalulose) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). This study shows that the increasing percentage of HFCS addition in the KH samples significantly increases (p < 0.05) the total soluble solids, colour, pH, turbidity, viscosity, glucose, and fructose content; meanwhile, the water activity and trehalulose were reduced significantly (p < 0.05). Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus was reduced significantly (p = 0.006) by an increased percentage of HFCS compared to Control. Antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa was also found to be reduced significantly but showed non-significant effect from an increased percentage of HFCS in honey (p = 0.413). The bacterium S. aureus was more vulnerable to treatment with honey from both Control and adulterated groups compared to P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, HFCS-adulterated KH and authentic KH can be differentiated using all the parameters investigated. These data are vital for the governing bodies to ensure that KH sold in the markets is free from HFCS adulteration.
Integrated Model for Wave-Induced Oscillatory and Residual Soil Response in a Poro-Elastic Seabed: Partially Dynamic Model

The evaluation of wave-induced residual pore pressure in a porous seabed and associated seabed liquefaction is essential for designing marine infrastructure foundations. The strength and stiffness of the seabed could be weakened due to the build-up of pore pressures under cyclic wave action, further leading to residual liquefaction. Existing models for residual liquefaction are limited to the quasi-static uncoupled approaches, which do not account for the effect of oscillatory pore pressure on the accumulative pore pressure acceleration of solid particles, despite the mutual influence of these two mechanisms. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a new model for residual soil response with u−p approximation (partial dynamic model) that couples oscillatory and residual mechanisms. The proposed model is validated through wave flume tests and centrifuge tests. Based on the coupling model, a new criterion of liquefaction integrating both oscillatory and residual mechanisms is also proposed. Numerical examples demonstrate that the coupling effect significantly affects the wave-induced seabed liquefaction potential. Furthermore, a new parameter (Ω) representing the ratio of oscillatory and residual pore pressure is introduced to clarify which mechanism dominates the pore pressure development.
Fomitopsis officinalis: Spatial (Pileus and Hymenophore) Metabolomic Variations Affect Functional Components and Biological Activities

Fomitopsis officinalis is a holartic polyporous mushroom that forms large fruiting bodies on old standing trees, fallen logs, or stumps. F. officinalis is a medicinal mushroom species that is most commonly used in traditional European medicine. In this study, we explore the spatial metabolic differences in F. officinalis’ mushroom parts, i.e., the cap (median and apical parts) and the hymenium. Additionally, chromatographic analysis was conducted in order to unravel the composition of specialized metabolites in the hydroalcoholic mushroom extracts. The potential antifungal and bacterial effects of extracts were tested against pathogen strains of Gram+ and Gram– bacteria, and yeast, dermatophytic, and fungal-pool species. Extracts from the apical part were the richest in terms of phenolic compounds; consistent with this finding, the extracts were also the most effective antiradical and antimicrobial agents with MIC values < 100 µg/mL for most of the tested bacterial and dermatophytic species. According to these findings, F. officinalis extracts are valuable sources of primary and secondary metabolites, thus suggesting potential applications in the formulation of food supplements with biological properties in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Effects of Steam Treatment Time and Drying Temperature on Properties of Sweet Basil’s Antioxidants, Aroma Compounds, Color, and Tissue Structure

This study has developed a production method for high-quality Genova tea with excellent antioxidant properties. The antioxidant properties of each part of the Genova basil plant (i.e., leaves, flowers, and stems) were determined; the leaves and flowers showed higher antioxidant values. We also investigated the effects of steaming time and drying temperature on the antioxidant composition and properties, color, and aroma using leaves with good yield potential and high antioxidant properties. The color showed excellent green color retention with freeze- and machine-drying at 40 °C without steam-heat treatment. Steaming for 2 min was effective in maintaining high values of total polyphenol content, antioxidant properties (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine and hydrophilic oxygen radical adsorption capacity), rosmarinic acid, and chicoric acid, and a drying temperature of ≤40 °C was recommended. Freeze-drying without steaming was the best method to retain all three of Genova’s main aroma components, Linalool, trans-alpha-bergamotene, and 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl)-phenol. The method developed in this study can improve the quality of dried Genova products and be applied in the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
Innovation Climate and Attraction and Retention of Human Capital Among Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya: The Moderating Effect of Founder Characteristics

Past studies on the effect of innovation climate on the attraction and retention of human capital produce mixed results. For this reason, this study aimed to investigate the impact of founder characteristics on the correlation between innovation climate and the attraction and retention of human capital. Criterion sampling was used to select the top 100 SMEs in Kenya. Targeted respondents included founders of SMEs. Out of the targeted 100 SMEs, 59 responded, giving a response rate of 59%. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect data and the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique to analyze the collected data. Since previous researchers have found mixed results on the influence of innovation climate on the attraction and retention of human capital, the current study aimed to ascertain this and thus the moderating variable, founder characteristics. It established that the variable had an insignificant effect on the link between innovation climate and human capital attraction and retention (βeta = 0.230, t = 1.855, p = 0.064). Since talented employees usually desire to work in a conducive workplace environment, SMEs need to create a supportive innovation climate that can assist in attracting, maintaining and retaining human capital. Future scholars can investigate the influence of other moderating variables on the link between innovation climate and the attraction and retention of human capital.
Analysis and control of subsynchronous resonance in the presence of thyristor controlled series compensation

In this thesis, the problem of subsynchronous mechanical oscillations in the shaft assembly of a turbo-generator with its steam turbine stages is studied, when the generator is connected to a Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) compensated transmission line. The first three-phase thyristor controlled series capacitor was installed in 1992. The usefulness of this device for mitigating subsynchronous resonance has been established. There are, however, issues remaining to be investigated. A point of contention is the nature of the behaviour of TCSC towards subsynchronous frequencies. Although T C S C does not have resistive components as such, it puts up significant resistance to the subsynchronous current flow when in open-loop operation. This characteristic, known as passive damping, has been observed both on network analyzers and in simulations. Here, with the aid of analytical relations and discrete Fourier analysis, a physical explanation is provided for this behaviour. The average steady-state linearization, although an efficient method for obtaining linear models for switching circuits, fails to capture the passive damping of T C S C . The Poincare mapping technique, on the other hand, provides the state matrix of the discrete linear timeinvariant system that is equivalent to the linearized time-periodic model of the switching circuit in the sense of Lyapunov. Therefore it is accurate in the eigenvalue analysis for stability studies. Poincare mapping together with a perturbation method is used here to find a linearized discrete model for a T C S C compensated system, in which the small signal variation of the state is explicitly given in terms of the small signal variation of the T C S C firing angles. The model is used first for the eigenvalue analysis and then for the design of an all-stabilizing closed-loop controller for small signal control of the thyristor firing angles in order to damp subsynchronous mechanical oscillations.