Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malaria in Pregnancy in Endemic Regions of Colombia: High Frequency of Asymptomatic and Peri-Urban Infections in Pregnant Women with Malaria

Background Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is limited information on MiP in low transmission regions as Colombia. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of MiP through active surveillance of infections by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2016 and January 2017 in five municipalities (Apartadó, Turbo, El Bagre, Quibdó, and Tumaco) in Colombia. Pregnant women self-presenting at health centers for antenatal care visits, seeking medical care for suspected malaria, or delivery, were enrolled. Diagnosis of Plasmodium spp was made in peripheral and placental blood samples by microscopy and PCR. Results A total of 787 pregnant women were enrolled; plasmodial infection was diagnosed by microscopy in 4.2% (95% CI 2.8-5.6; 33/787) or by nPCR in 5.3% (95% CI 3.8-6.9; 42/787) in peripheral blood. Most of the infections were caused by P. falciparum (78.5%), and 46% were afebrile (asymptomatic). Women in the first and second trimester of pregnancy were more likely to be infected (aOR = 3.06, 95%CI = 1.6 − 5.8). To live in the urban/peri-urban area (aOR = 3.04, 95%CI = 1.4 − 6.56), to have a history of malaria during last year (aOR = 5.45, 95%IC = 2.16 − 13.75), and the infrequent bed net usage (aOR = 2.8, 95%CI = 1.31 − 5.97) were associated with the infection. Pregnant infected women had a higher risk of anaemia (aOR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.15 − 4.12) and fever (aOR = 14.2, 95%CI = 6.89 − 29.8). Conclusion The screening for malaria during antenatal care in endemic areas of Colombia is highly recommended due to the potential adverse effects of Plasmodium spp. infection in pregnancy and as an important activity for the surveillance of asymptomatic infections in the control of malaria.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from China

Abstract To further improve awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, the May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign continued in 2018 in China. Study subjects were adults aged 18 years or more, ideally those who had not their blood pressure (BP) measured for at least a year. Blood pressure was measured three times consecutively with a 1-min interval in the sitting position, using automated BP monitors in 288 342 participants and transmitted to a central database by a smartphone app. Questionnaire data were collected with the same app. After imputation, the overall proportion of hypertension was 29.8%. Of those with hypertension, the rates of awareness, treatment, and control were 62.3%, 57.3%, and 35.9%, respectively. In analysis based on linear regression models, both systolic and diastolic BP were higher with cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and overweight and obesity. Our study results suggest that hypertension management is improving in comparison with the data in MMM 2017 and the nationwide survey in 2012–15, and several known lifestyle factors are key to hypertension management.
Hepatic fibrosis is associated with total proteinuria in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract The association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetic kidney disease assessed using either albuminuria or proteinuria remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between hepatic steatosis or fibrosis and albuminuria or proteinuria in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We enrolled 1108 patients with T2D and categorized as 3 groups; non-proteinuria (NP), isolated non-albumin proteinuria (iNAP), and albuminuria. Urinary albumin and protein levels were assessed as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (uPCR), respectively. Hepatic steatosis and fibrotic burden were assessed using the NAFLD liver fat score, Fibrosis-4 calculator (FIB-4) index, and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). The prevalence of significant steatosis was similar among groups (NP: 74.6% vs iNAP: 70.3% vs albuminuria: 79.9%, P = .085). The prevalence of significant fibrosis was significantly higher in the iNAP (18.7%) and albuminuria (16.5%) groups than in the NP group (9.5%, P = .001). Both uPCR and uACR showed a correlation with NFS (uPCR: r = 0.123, P < .001; uACR: r = 0.064, P = .033). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, uPCR ≥150 mg/g was found to have a stronger association with hepatic fibrosis than uACR ≥30 mg/g (adjusted odds ratio 1.55 [95% CI 1.03–2.33] vs adjusted odds ratio 1.16 [95% CI, 0.72–1.87]). In conclusion, patients with iNAP and albuminuria had a higher prevalence of hepatic fibrosis than those without proteinuria. Total proteinuria was associated with advanced liver fibrosis, whereas albuminuria was related to hepatic steatosis.
A local to national-scale inverse modeling system to assess the potential of spaceborne CO2 measurements for the monitoring of anthropogenic emissions

Abstract. This work presents a flux inversion system for assessing the potential of new satellite imagery measurements of atmospheric CO2 to monitor anthropogenic emissions at scales ranging from local intense point sources to regional and national scales. While the modeling framework keeps the complexity of previous studies focused on individual and large cities, this system encompasses a wide range of sources to extend the scope of the analysis. This atmospheric inversion system uses a zoomed configuration of the regional transport model CHIMERE which covers most of Western Europe with a 2-km resolution grid over Northern France, Western Germany and Benelux. For each day of March and May 2016, over the 6 hours before a given satellite overpass, the inversion controls separately the hourly budgets of anthropogenic emissions in this area from ~300 cities, power plants and regions. The inversion also controls hourly regional budgets of the natural fluxes. This enables the analysis of results at the local to regional scales for a wide range of sources in terms of emission budgets and spatial extent while accounting for the uncertainties associated with natural fluxes and the overlapping of plumes from different sources. The potential of satellite data to monitor CO2 fluxes is quantified by posterior uncertainties or uncertainty reductions (URs) from prior inventory-based statistical knowledge. A first analysis focuses on the hourly to 6-hour budgets of the emissions of the Paris urban area, and on the sensitivity of the results to different characteristics of the images of vertically integrated CO2 (XCO2) corresponding to the spaceborne instrument: the pixel spatial resolution, the precision of the XCO2 retrievals per pixel, and the swath width. This sensitivity analysis provides a correspondence between these parameters and thresholds on the targeted precisions on emission estimates. However, the results indicate a large sensitivity to the wind speed and to the prior flux uncertainties. The analysis is then extended to the large ensemble of point sources, cities and regions in the study domain, with a focus on the inversion system ability to monitor separately neighbor sources whose atmospheric signatures overlap and are also mixed with those produced by natural fluxes. Results highlight the strong dependence of uncertainty reductions to the emission budgets, to the wind speed and whether the focus is on point or area sources. With the system hypothesis that the atmospheric transport is perfectly known, the results indicate that the atmospheric signal overlap is not a critical issue. For the emissions within the 6-hours before a satellite overpass, UR of more than 50 % can only be achieved for power plants and cities whose annual emissions are more than ~2 MtC yr−1. For more regional budgets encompassing more diffuse emissions, this threshold increases up to ~10 MtC yr−1. The results suggest therefore an imbalance of the monitoring capabilities towards high and dense sources.
LOW BREEDING SUCCESS OF THE ADELIE PENGUIN AT BECHERVAISE ISLAND IN THE 1998199 SEASON

This paper describes the diet and foraging behaviour of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at Bechervaise Island during 1998/99, a season of low breeding success. Fifty-six percent of nests with eggs failed during the three weeks following first hatch. A breeding success of 0.43 chicks cr6ched per nest was achieved, compared to previous seasons with higher annual breeding success rates ranging from 0.69 to 1.06 chicks crPched per nest. Evidence from analyses of foraging location, foraging trip duration and diet suggests that the death of chicks during the guard stage was due to an inadequate rate of food supply. In most previous seasons adults have foraged both at the continental shelf edge (particularly females) and locally (particularly males). This season male penguins carried out fewer local trips and both sexes spent longer at sea than in years of higher breeding success. Meal masses brought back to the chicks were within the normal range but extended foraging trip durations reduced feeding frequency. These findings contrast with observations made in 1994/95 (a season in which all chicks died of starvation), when smaller meals were delivered and birds foraged further offshore than in this or any other season studied. The significance to CCAMLR of these variations in foraging behaviour is discussed.
Microsatellite marker analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in three populations of Cyprinus carpio L. y Shandong Province

The genetic diversity and the phylogenetic relationships of three Cyprinus carpio L. populations were studied by using microsatellite marker technology. It showed that the genetic diversity level of three Cyprinus carpio L. populations was high, population was the highest, WS population was lower,and DP population was the lowest. In order to check the depature of microsatellite loci from HWE.the genotypic frequencies were calculated. Furthermore, 32 cases of observed heterozygosity excess( Fis 0) were observed in three populations. The genetic similarity index between WS population and SY population was the highest(0. 8320) among the three populations, and their genetic distance was the lowest (0. 1680) , which indicated that the phylogenetic relationship between these two populations was quite close. On the other hand, the genetic similarity index between WS population and DP population was the lowest(0. 8288) , and their genetic distance was the highest(0. 1712) , which indicated that the phylogenetic relationship between these two populations was quite far.
Changes Over the Decades in Selected LGBTQ Research Findings

Research has been ongoing regarding homosexuality and same-sex parenting for over fifty years, yet a recent (2020) review of the literature stated that the field was still in its infancy. Here research on same-sex parenting and child outcomes is reviewed, considering how our knowledge base has or has not changed in various topical areas. Consistently, the predominant paradigm has been the “no differences” hypothesis, meaning that there are no differences between same-sex and opposite-sex families, parents, or children. This review finds that population estimates of same-sex families have changed over time and enough empirical evidence has accumulated to challenge the “no differences” paradigm in some areas, while in other areas, the paradigm has held or the available evidence has been mixed.
CHINET 2008 surveillance of bacterial resistance in China

Objective To investigate the resistance of clinical isolates from hospitals in several regions of China.Methods Ten general hospitals and two Children's hospitals were involved in this program. Bacterial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method. Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2008. Results A total of 36 216 clinical isolates were collected from January to December 2008,of which Gram negative organisms and Gram positive cocci accounted for 69.5% and 30.5% respectively. Methicillin resistant strains in S. aureus (MRSA) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) accounted for an average of 55.9% and 75.9% respectively. The resistance rates of MR strains to β-lactams and other antimicrobial agents were much higher than those of methicillin-sensitive strains. However about 72.4% and 61.2% of MRSA strains were still susceptible to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and fosfomycin,while 88.8% and 60.1% of MRCNS strains were susceptible to rifampin and fosfomycin. No vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid resistant strains were found. In Enterococcus spp,the resistance rates of E. faecalis strains to most tested drugs were lower than those of E. faecium,however the resistance rates of the later strains to chloramphenicol was lower. There were some strains resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin in both species; most of these resistant strains were VanA type based on their phenotype. No linezolid resistant strains were found. Penicillin non-susceptible strains in S. pneumoniae (PISP+PRSP) isolated from Children's strains were much more than those in adult strains. Strains of Enterobacteriaceae were still highly susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. The overall resistance rate was 1%. Resistance rates of P. aeruginosa strains to imipenem and meropenem were 30.5% and 24.5%,respectively. The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp to the two drugs were 48.1% and 49.3% respectively. Minocycline had good activity against S. maltophilia and Burkholderia spp. The isolates susceptible to minocycline were both higher than 90%. A number of pan-resistant strains in A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were found.Conclusions Bacterial resistance is still increasing,especially VRE and pan-resistant A. baumannii strains. It is mandatory for hospitals to take effective control measures.
Using the Set Theory Module in Think Pair Share Learning, Is It Effective?

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of set theory modules in Think Pair Share learning on independence and student learning outcomes. This research is a quasi-experimental research with Posttest-Only Control Design. The subjects in this study were students of the mathematics education program class 2019 class A as an experimental class. Data collection techniques used were tests, questionnaires, and documentation techniques. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics to reveal trends in initial abilities, learning independence, and learning outcomes. Data analysis using the t-test to test hypotheses with previously carried out the balance test, normality test, and homogeneity test. The results of this study indicate that the use of the Set Theory module in Think Pair Share learning is no more effective than without the use of the Set Theory module in Think Pair Share learning on student independence and learning outcomes
ARECLS, 2012, Vol.9, 91-114. THE EARLIEST STAGE OF VOICELESS FRICATIVE ACQUISITION AMONG THAI LEARNERS OF MANDARIN CHINESE PATCHANOK KITIKANAN AND JALAL AL-TAMIMI

The aim of this study is to investigate whether sounds in Mandarin (L2) that are phonologically and/or phonetically similar to Thai (L1) sounds are easier to acquire by L2 learners than sounds that have no L1 counterparts. Mandarin voiceless fricatives are /f, s, ʂ, ɕ, x/ whereas Thai fricatives are /f, s, h/. Three Thai learners and two natives of Mandarin participated in a picture-naming task. Auditory analysis revealed that the participants produced labiodental and alveolar Mandarin fricatives with a 100% accuracy; the production of retroflex and alveolo-palatal fricatives, on the other hand, was variable; and all velar fricatives were realised as glottal fricatives. Acoustic results confirm that Thai learners have difficulty producing alveolo-palatal fricatives, but that the realisations of labiodental and retroflex fricatives were not significantly different between two groups. According to Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (Lado, 1957), learners would find similar elements less difficult than different elements, which seems to be in agreement with our results since learners always produce labiodental and alveolar fricatives accurately.
BALLOONBORNE OBSERVATION OF CIRRUS CLOUD PARTICLES AND AEROSOLS MEASURED WITH HYDROMETEOR VIDEOSONDE, SNOW WHITE HYGROMETER, AND OPTICAL PARTICLE COUNTER

It is well known that cirrus clouds play a significant role in regulating the radiation balance of earth-atmosphere system. However they have been identified as one of the major uncertain components on earth's climate system. The ice nucleation process in cirrus clouds is one of the most important and fundamental issues required for better understanding of their formation and maintenance mechanisms. In order to examine the relationships between ice crystals and aerosols in cirrus, it is highly desirable to provide unique combination of instrumentation for in-situ simultaneous microphysical measurements. We have developed the balloonborne observation system for in-situ measurements of cirrus cloud particles and aerosols, using a hydrometeor videosonde (HYVIS) and an optical particle counter (OPC) together with a Snow White (SW) hygrometer, attached to the same balloon. The motivation of this study is to examine how Asian mineral dust particles are relevant to ice formation in cirrus clouds. Two launches were conducted at Tsukuba (36.06°N, 140.13°E, 25 m), Japan, in the May of 2007. Concurrently, the Raman lidar at the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) was also used to measure vertical distributions of the aerosols and cloud particles as well as the water vapor mixing ratio. The purpose of this paper is to analyze microphysical properties in cirrus clouds measured with the HYVIS and SW. Detailed analysis on aerosol characteristics will be provided in a companion paper that utilizes the OPC data with the Raman lidar data.
Factors Affecting the Performance of Commerce-Service Enterprises in Can Tho City, Vietnam

The objective of this study is to identify factors affecting the performance of commerce-service enterprises in Can Tho City. The sample size includes 272 active enterprises in the field of commerce and service. The study applied multivariate linear regression to analyze the data. The result showed that factors that have positive impacts on the performance of commerce-service enterprises are professional qualifications of enterprise owners, technology level, social capital, financial accessibility, and support policies. In contrast, the legal environment negatively influences the business performance of commerce-service enterprises. Especially, the technology level puts the strongest impact on the performance of commerce-service enterprises in Can Tho City.
Existing Site Layout Planning Models and Approaches

The field of site layout planning studies have commenced as early as the early 70’s, a significant amount of effort has been directed at developing algorithms for identifying optimal construction site layouts which have been addressed separately until now. However, in this study a single framework is made of showing a list of different site layout planning models that can help future research to make a link between different models. The possibility of using a similar approach to find an optimum solution for the planning of construction site layouts under using population based meta-heuristics, trajectory based meta-heuristics and graphical based methods is assessed.
Latent and Sensible heat flux variation in north Indian Ocean during ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole years

This study investigates air-sea flux variability associated with the ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole years in the Tropical and northern Indian Ocean. Objectively Analysed (OA) surface fluxes, and altimeter derived sea surface height anomaly datasets for a period of thirty years from 1986 to 2015 were utilised. First, the El-Nino and La-Nina years were separated and the difference between them was analyzed to understand the effect of ENSO. A similar approach was also followed for positive and negative Indian Ocean dipole years. It was found that the upwelling caused by planetary Rossby waves during El-Nino and positive Indian Ocean dipole years suppress the latent heat flux from ocean closer to the Somali coast. Ocean dynamics and thermodynamics both were observed to play significant roles in flux variation in this region.
Discriminating the Nature of Thyroid Nodules Using the Hybrid Method

Prompt and correct diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules has always been a core issue in the clinical practice of thyroid nodules. Ultrasound imaging is one of the most common visualizing tools used by radiologists to identify the nature of thyroid nodules. However, visual assessment of nodules is difficult and often affected by inter- and intraobserver variabilities. This paper proposes a novel hybrid approach based on machine learning and information fusion to discriminate the nature of thyroid nodules. Statistical features are extracted from the B-mode ultrasound image while deep features are extracted from the shear-wave elastography image. Classifiers including logistic regression, Naive Bayes, and support vector machine are adopted to train classification models with statistical features and deep features, respectively, for comparison. A voting system with certain criteria is used to combine two classification results to obtain a better performance. Experimental and comparison results demonstrate that the proposed method classifies the thyroid nodules correctly and efficiently.
Holding wild Snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio: effects of stocking density and feeding on survival and injury

In this study the effects of different stocking densities on survival, injury and weight of captive male snow crab were examined. The first experiment (I) was carried out in square plastic tanks (700 L) with stocking densities of 100 (L), 150 (M) and 200 kg m−3 (H) for 30 days. In a second experiment (II) snow crabs were kept at a stocking density of 50 kg m−3 and were either fed (F) or not fed (S) for the same period of 35 days. The last experiment (III), was carried out with stocking densities of 25 kg m−3 for 21 days with two groups, one with inactivated claw and one without rubber bands, with three replicates per treatment. In the first experiment mortality (H = 27, M = 26 and L = 36%) and occurrence of injuries (H = 27, M = 20 and L = 16%) were high in all groups. The weight loss during the experimental period was; H = 15.3, M = 10.9 and L = 15.5 g, and was not significant different between the groups. In experiment II the mortality (F = 13% and S = 14%) and injuries were lower (F = 12% and S = 17%). The average weight increased in the fed treatment and decreased in the starved treatments. In the last experiment there was no mortality in any of the groups and the levels of injury were low (5% and 7%). The results show that adult male snow crab cannot be stored at densities equal to or higher than 25 kg m−3 for 3 weeks without risk of mortality.