Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human cytomegalovirus evades ZAP detection by suppressing CpG dinucleotides in the major immediate early 1 gene

The genomes of RNA and small DNA viruses of vertebrates display significant suppression of CpG dinucleotide frequencies. Artificially increasing dinucleotide frequencies results in substantial attenuation of virus replication, suggesting that these compositional changes may facilitate recognition of non-self RNA sequences. Recently, the interferon inducible protein ZAP, was identified as the host factor responsible for sensing CpG in viral RNA, through direct binding and possibly downstream targeting for degradation. Using an arrayed interferon stimulated gene expression library screen, we identified ZAPS, and its associated factor TRIM25, as direct inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. Exogenous expression of ZAPS and TRIM25 significantly reduced virus replication while knockdown resulted in increased virus replication. HCMV displays a strikingly heterogeneous pattern of CpG representation with a specific suppression of CpGs within the IE1 major immediate early transcript which is absent in subsequently expressed genes. We demonstrated that suppression of CpG dinucleotides in the IE1 gene allows evasion of inhibitory effects of ZAP. During HCMV infection, expression of ZAP and TRIM25 are rapidly reduced, removing pressure to suppress dinucleotide frequencies in viral genes expressed after the immediate early genes, while acute virus replication and high levels of ZAP are mutually exclusive. Finally, we show that TRIM25 regulates alternative splicing between the ZAP short and long isoforms during HCMV infection and interferon induction, with knockdown of TRIM25 resulting in decreased ZAPS and corresponding increased ZAPL expression. These results demonstrate for the first time that ZAP is a potent host restriction factor against large DNA viruses and that HCMV evades ZAP detection through suppression of CpG dinucleotides within the major immediate early transcripts. Furthermore, TRIM25 is required for efficient upregulation of the interferon inducible short isoform of ZAP through regulation of alternative splicing.
A concurrent parasitism by Dermanyssus gallinae and Dispharynx spiralis in a spotted owlet

A Spotted Owlet weighing150 gram was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli by the forest department of Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu with the history of dullness and lateral recumbency. Physical examination of bird revealed presence of numerous red and black colour ectoparasites all over the body with blanched conjunctival mucous membrane. Ectoparasites, faecal sample and blood samples were collected for detailed examinations followed by intravenous fluid therapy and immunomodulators. Faecal examination revealed presence of larvated eggs and the ectoparasites were identified as Dermanyssus gallinae. Haematological examination revealed hypohaemoglobinemia with eosinophilia. Bird was treated with 0.2% Ivermectin oral solution @200µgm/kg body weight as a single dose, but the bird collapsed. On postmortem examination sex of the bird was identified as female with multiple diffuse haemmorhages and numerous tiny worms on proventriculous and gizzard. According to the key diagnostic features for endoparasites in avians, the parasite was identified as Dispharynx spiralis. This paper reports about the concurrent infestation of Dispharynx spiralis and of Dermanyssus gallinae in a spotted owlet.
High resistance of plant biodiversity to moderate native woody encroachment in loess steppe grassland fragments

QUESTIONS: Woody encroachment affects many open habitats from semi‐deserts to wetlands and grasslands. We aimed to study the effect of native woody encroachment on grassland plant biodiversity in loess steppe fragments by analysing the vegetation composition of grasslands subjected to increasing levels of encroachment. We studied both ancient and restored grasslands with the following research hypotheses: (a) increasing woody encroachment decreases total diversity and the species richness of dry‐grassland species; and (b) the effect of woody cover on grassland biodiversity differs between ancient and restored grasslands. LOCATION: South‐Eastern part of Transdanubia, Hungary, Central Europe. METHODS: Altogether 63 loess grassland fragments were selected for the study. The percentage cover of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation were recorded in 400‐m²‐sized plots (n = 110). The effects of woody encroachment and grassland age on diversity, total species richness of the herb layer, and richness of dry‐grassland species were analysed. RESULTS: We found that woody encroachment affected the total richness of the herb layer and the species richness of dry‐grassland species. For most of the listed variables, lowest values were found for the highest woody encroachment groups. Grassland age affected the species richness of the herb layer and that of dry‐grassland species; lower values were detected in restored grasslands. In restored grasslands, Shannon diversity and species evenness were lower, while Berger–Parker dominance was higher than in ancient grasslands. Species composition and richness displayed a relatively high resistance to moderate woody encroachment; the highest decrease in diversity was detected at a high level of woody encroachment (>52% of woody cover). CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that low to moderate woody encroachment cannot be simplistically regarded as degradation. Results suggest that moderately encroached loess grasslands can be easily restored by the suppression of woody species, as their species pool still contains many dry‐grassland species targeted for restoration.
Angular Cheilitis and Iron Deficiency Anemia

Angular cheilitis presents as an area of inflamed and cracked skin at the angles of the mouth. Iron deficiency anemia seems to predispose to angular cheilitis. Thus this study was conducted to find out how many patients with angular cheilitis were having iron deficiency anemia.Eighty-two patients (45 females and 37 males) between the age of (9-70) years with angular cheilitis were used in this study. Complete blood picture with hemoglobin estimation and blood films were done for each patient.The highest number of patients with angular cheilitis was in the two age groups (5-14) and (55-64) years. Twenty-nine (35.3%) of patients with angular cheilitis were of iron deficiency anemia. Their hemoglobin values (Hb) were 9.3 ± 0.7 gm\dl in females and 10.6 ± 0.6 gm\dl in males while for those not anemic patients is 11.8 ± 1.1 gm\dl in females and 14.5 ± 0.6 gm\dl in males. The Hb values were significantly decreased in those patients with microcytic hypochromic red blood cells (p<0.01) of females and (p<0.05) of males.The highest number of patients with iron deficiency anemia was in the age group (25-34) years, while in the age group of (65-74) years, patients with angular cheilitis were not affected with iron deficiency anemia.Only twenty-nine (35.3%) of patients with angular cheilitis were having iron deficiency anemia (microcytic hypochromic anemia). The mean of hemoglobin values (Hb) were 9.3 ± 0.7 gm\dl for females and 10.6 ± 0.6 gm\dl for males.
Brain Activation Display Functional Asymmetry in Response to Action, Background and Tonal Frequency During a Pitch Memory Processing: An fMRI Study

In this study, the asymmetry of the main effects of action, background and tonal frequency during a pitch memory processing were investigated by means of brain activation. Eighteen participants (mean age 27.6 years) were presented with low and high frequency tones in quiet and in noise. They listen, discriminate and recognize the target tone against the final tone in a series of four distracting tones. The main effects were studied using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with action (to wring (rubber bulb) vs. not to wring), background (in quiet vs. in noise) and frequency (low vs. high) as the factors (and levels respectively). The main effect of action is in the right pre-central gyrus (PCG), in conformation with its contralateral behavior. The main effect of background indicated the bilateral primary auditory cortices (PAC) and is right lateralized, attributable to white noise. The main effect of frequency is also observed in PAC but bilaterally equal and attributable to low frequency tones. Despite the argument that the temporo-spectral lateralization dichotomy is not especially rigid as revealed by the main effect of frequency, right lateralization of PAC for the respective main effect of background clearly demonstrates its functional asymmetry suggesting different perceptual functionality of the right and left PAC.
Delivering cognitive behavioural interventions in an internet-based healthcare delivery environment

Introduction This exploratory qualitative study assessed the feasibility of transitioning three face-to-face, cognitive behavioural interventions for adults with chronic health conditions to online delivery, by examining clinician and clients' satisfaction with intervention training and delivery. Method The interventions adapted for online delivery were: ‘Managing Chronic Disease’, a programme for individuals who were nonadherent to prescribed rehabilitation regimens; ‘Real-World Strategy Training’, an occupation-based intervention for individuals with subjective cognitive decline; and ‘Learning the Ropes’, a memory programme for persons with mild cognitive impairment. Two occupational therapists and one nurse received training in, and then delivered one of the three interventions. Qualitative feedback interviews with participants, and archived video recordings of intervention sessions were analysed thematically. Results Key features of each manualised intervention were evident in the online sessions and perceived by clients as enhancing engagement (for example, peer support and strategy training). Clinicians felt that meeting individually with intervention experts was helpful to problem-solve technical issues and ensure adherence to protocols. Conclusion Three cognitive behavioural interventions transitioned to online delivery were acceptable to older adults and clinicians. A next step would be to complete randomised controlled trials investigating whether the interventions yield equivalent health benefits, using online and face-to-face delivery.
Utilization of Long Acting and Permanent Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors among Married Childbearing Age Women in Bombe District, Southern Ethiopia

Introduction: Family Planning utilization decreases maternal mortality and morbidity as well as contributes to improvement in infant welfare and community health at large. Long acting and permanent contraceptive methods are the most effective modern contraceptive methods with less than 1% failure rate and cost-effective choices because of the many years of protection. However, they contribute only about 12% of modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia. This study was designed to assess extent of utilization and associated factors of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods among married reproductive age women in Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among married reproductive age women. Multistage sampling was employed to select 622 study participants. Pretested questionnaire was used to interview the participants. The crude and adjusted odds ratios together with their corresponding 95% levels of confidence were computed and interpreted accordingly. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied to test predictors by using logistic regression model. The final model fitness was checked by Hosmer and Lemshow’s goodness-of-fit statistics. A P-value less than or equal to 0.05 in multivariate analysis was considered to declare a result as statistically significant. Results: This study had 96.5% response rate. More than half (62%) of married woman in the study district were poorly knowledgeable about long acting and permanent contraceptive methods. Almost all (97.2%) of the participants had at least one pregnancy in their life time. The overall prevalence of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods utilization was 16.3%. Out of this, 82.7% of the women were using implants. Based on the analysis, ages, educational level, knowledge, mass media exposure, having methods choice discussion between partners or health extension workers were found to be important predictors LAPMs utilization. Conclusion: The overall utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods was low. Efforts to improve LAMPs utilization in the region must strengthen initiatives that promote girls education, train professionals and deploy at grass root level, behavioural change communication, awareness creation among others. It would be good to further study facility related barriers and cultural influences on the use of LAMPs.
Sequential Presentation Protects Working Memory From Catastrophic Interference

Neural network models of memory are notorious for catastrophic interference: Old items are forgotten as new items are memorized (French, 1999; McCloskey & Cohen, 1989). While working memory (WM) in human adults shows severe capacity limitations, these capacity limitations do not reflect neural network style catastrophic interference. However, our ability to quickly apprehend the numerosity of small sets of objects (i.e., subitizing) does show catastrophic capacity limitations, and this subitizing capacity and WM might reflect a common capacity. Accordingly, computational investigations (Knops, Piazza, Sengupta, Eger & Melcher, 2014; Sengupta, Surampudi & Melcher, 2014) suggest that mutual inhibition among neurons can explain both kinds of capacity limitations as well as why our ability to estimate the numerosity of larger sets is limited according to a Weber ratio signature. Based on simulations with a saliency map-like network and mathematical proofs, we provide three results. First, mutual inhibition among neurons leads to catastrophic interference when items are presented simultaneously. The network can remember a limited number of items, but when more items are presented, the network forgets all of them. Second, if memory items are presented sequentially rather than simultaneously, the network remembers the most recent items rather than forgetting all of them. Hence, the tendency in WM tasks to sequentially attend even to simultaneously presented items might not only reflect attentional limitations, but also an adaptive strategy to avoid catastrophic interference. Third, the mean activation level in the network can be used to estimate the number of items in small sets, but it does not accurately reflect the number of items in larger sets. Rather, we suggest that the Weber ratio signature of large number discrimination emerges naturally from the interaction between the limited precision of a numeric estimation system and a multiplicative gain control mechanism.
Exploration of Fatigue in Fourth-Year Nursing Students

The purpose of this study was to explore fatigue in fourth-year nursing students enrolled at a university in southwestern Ontario. A sample of 134 participants completed a demographic questionnaire and the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER) scale midway through their final semester of school. The study examined the perceptions of fatigue, along with the predicting factors of chronic fatigue, acute fatigue and intershift recovery. Participants experienced moderate-high levels of acute and chronic fatigue, and low-moderate levels of intershift recovery. More than half of participants agreed that work drains their energy everyday, that they never have enough time between shifts to recover their energy and that they dread waking up to another day of work. Fatigue in nursing students needs further study including interventions that address chronic and acute fatigue and promote intershift recovery.
Laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia using three-dimensional mesh: a 5 years experience at a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir, India

Repair of inguinal hernia is performed in all general surgery departments. Approximately 20 million repairs are performed annually worldwide and hence is the most common elective surgical procedure performed. Marlex mesh for repairing tissue defects in incisional and inguinal hernias was first introduced by Usher in 1958. This is a landmark in the history of hernia surgery. Since then, the use of mesh has become essential in the repair of all hernias. Arnaud, defined the necessary qualities of ABSTRACT
To Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Anaesthesia and Analgesia between Intrathecal Fentanyl and Butorphanol as Adjuvants with Bupivacaine 0.5% Heavy for Lower Limb Orthopaedic Procedures

The aim of the study is to compare the safety and efficacy of anaesthesia and analgesia between intrathecal fentanyl and butorphanol as adjuvants with bupivacaine 0.5% heavy for lower limb orthopaedic procedures. Eighty patients of ASA grade I and II of either sex in the age group of 18 to 75 years scheduled for elective lower limb orthopaedic procedures were allocated randomly into two groups of 40 each. Group F received intrathecal inj 0.5% heavy bupivacaine2.5ml with 0.5ml inj fentanyl 25mcg while patients in group B received intrathecal inj 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 2.5ml with 0.5ml inj butorphanol 25mcg. Intra-operative hemodynamic parameters (HR, SBP, DBP, RR, SPO2) were noted. Results were compared among the groups using the student t test and chi square test. In all cases, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The time taken to attain highest sensory level and time of onset of maximum bromage grade 3 motor blockade were comparable among the two groups. Significantly slower sensory block regression to S2 dermatome level was observed in the group receiving intrathecal butorphanol as compared to intrathecal fentanyl. A higher number of patients ingroup F requested for rescue analgesia during the postoperative period than in group B. It was concluded that Both 25mcg fentanyl and 25 mcg butorphanol given intrathecally along with12.5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine provide effective anaesthesia for lower limb surgeries. Intrathecal bupivacaine-butorphanol mixture provides longer duration of sensory blockade and superior analgesia than intrathecal fentanylbupivacaine mixture
Managing Universities for the Entrepreneurial Society: Entrepreneurial Loops and Innovative Teaching Initiatives

Drawing upon the entrepreneurial spirals concept, this article examines how managerial practices influence entrepreneurial intent in traditional academic activities. The international inquiry analyses innovative teaching into six business schools in France, Canada and Morocco. At the complex interplay between individual goals and organizational objectives, three entrepreneurial loops are identified: converging, diverging and absence of loop. Findings suggest that university management remains a challenge as an appropriate balanced management is required for the changing university’s mission towards social and economic well-being. The conditions of successful academic entrepreneurial activities are outlined across three propositions.
Lateral Tibial Head Buttress Plate: Use in a Pathological Femoral Fracture Secondary to a Bone Cyst in a Dog

Summary A ten-month-old neutered Siberian Husky dog sustained a long oblique diaphyseal right femoral fracture which extended into and was secondary to a large metaphyseal bone cyst. The cyst was curetted and bone grafted. To attain adequate fracture and cyst stabilization, an AO/ASIF left tibial head buttress plate was used. Due to the unique configuration and curvature of the plate, three of 11 screws were placed in unaffected epiphyseal bone. This contributed to good frictional apposition of the plate to the bone with resultant excellent fracture stability. Twenty-six weeks after the operation the fracture and cyst had healed and the dog had full function of the limb. The lateral tibial head buttress plate should be considered for use in supracondylar femoral fractures, in large dogs, because of ease of application, good conformity to the distal curvature of the femur, plate stiffness and the resultant stability. A human tibial plate was used to stabilize a difficult femoral fracture which occurred secondary to a bone cyst. The unique dimensions and shape of the plate facilitated excellent conformity of the plate to the bone and enabled adequate screw fixation in the epiphysis distal to the grafted metaphyseal cyst defect. The fracture and cyst were healed at 26 weeks with excellent limb function.
Association of Food Insecurity with Nutrition Status, Food Diversity and Anthropometric Status in Iranian Elderlies: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Health and nutritional issues of the elderly are different from other age groups. The results of studies cannot be compared and concluded, because these studies have different operational definitions, such as considering food quality rather than the amount of food intake and also limiting some causes of food insecurity in the analysis and the presentation of results in others. Therefore, we investigated the effects of food insecurity on food diversity and the nutritional and anthropometric status of the elderly in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 elderly residents in Tehran, with a mean age of 67.5 ± 5.74. Food insecurity was evaluated using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The nutritional status and health of the elderlies were assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Waist circumference, weight, and height were measured and BMI was calculated. All statistical calculations were performed with the SPSS. Results: The prevalence of malnourishment was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the severely food-insecure group (62.5%). A significant inverse relationship was observed between the HFIAS scores and weight (β = -4.38, p < 0.001), body mass index (β = -1.46, p < 0.001), waist circumference (β = -3.37, p = 0.002), and dietary diversity score (DDS) (β = -0.738, p < 0.001). Moreover, we found a significant relationship between HFIAS and MNA scores (β = 0.486, p < 0.001). Participants in the food-insecure group had a greater risk of developing malnourishment (OR, 16.45; 95% CI, 8.55-31.66) and having poor dietary diversity (OR, 7.42; 95% CI, 2.87-19.16) compared with the food-secure group. Conclusion: After adjusting for possible confounding factors, we found that food insecurity was associated with MNA score. We also found an inverse association between food insecurity and socioeconomic status, anthropometric measurements, and dietary diversity.