Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements of carbonyl compounds around the Arabian Peninsula indicate large missing sources of acetaldehyde

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured around the Arabian Peninsula using a research vessel during the AQABA campaign (Air Quality and Climate Change in the Arabian Basin) from June to August 2017. In this study we examine carbonyl compounds (CxHyO), measured by a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS), and present both a regional concentration distribution and a budget assessment for these key atmospheric species. Among the aliphatic carbonyls, acetone had the highest mixing ratios in most of the regions traversed, varying from 0.43 ppb over the Arabian Sea to 4.5 ppb over the Arabian Gulf, followed by formaldehyde (measured by Hantzsch monitor, 0.82 ppb over the Arabian Sea and 3.8 ppb over the Arabian Gulf) and acetaldehyde (0.16 ppb over the Arabian Sea and 1.7 ppb over the Arabian Gulf). Unsaturated carbonyls (C4–C9) varied from 10 to 700 ppt during the campaign, and followed similar regional mixing ratio dependence as aliphatic carbonyls, which were identified as oxidation products of cycloalkanes over polluted areas. An empirical method based on hydrocarbon ratios was applied to investigate the photochemical source strength of the aliphatic carbonyls. While the distribution and relative concentration enhancements of the C3–C8 aliphatic carbonyls could be explained by this method, that of acetaldehyde could not. A smaller but still significant discrepancy was found when comparing measurements to global chemistry-transport model (EMAC) results, with the model underestimating the measured acetaldehyde mixing ratio up to an order of magnitude. Implementing a photolytically driven marine source of acetaldehyde significantly improved the agreement between measurements and model, particularly over the remote regions (e.g. Arabian Sea). However, the newly introduced acetaldehyde source was still insufficient to describe the observations over the most polluted regions (Arabian Gulf and Suez), where model underestimation of primary emissions and biomass burning events are possible reasons.
Evaluation Of An Enzyme Immunoassay For Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen As A Diagnostic Test For Detection Of Hepatitis C Virus Infection In Comparison To Real-Time RT-PCR

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global public health care problem. Diagnosis of HCV infection was mainly based on the detection of anti-HCV antibodies as a screening test with serum samples and detection of HCV RNA by using real-time RT-PCR, which considered as a golden standard test. In this study, we compared the HCV core antigen (HCV cAg) test with the HCV RNA assay for confirming anti-HCV results to determine whether the HCV cAg test may be used as an alternative confirmatory test to the HCV RNA test and to assess its diagnostic values by determining the specificity and sensitivity rates compared to the real-time RT-PCR test. Sera samples from 100 persons were analyzed by ELISA for anti-HCV and HCV core antigen and with the molecular HCV RNA assay as a confirmatory test. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the HCV cAg assay compared to the HCV RNA test were 76.1%, 86.2%, 80%, and 82.5%, respectively. The HCV cAg levels showed a poor correlation with those from the HCV RNA quantification ( r = 0.321, p= 0.079). In conclusion, the core antigen detection test can be more valuable in HCV diagnosis than anti-HCV antibodies but it cannot replace HCV RNA in confirmation of the diagnosis of HCV because the sensitivity of the HCV cAg detection assay is significantly lower than that of real-time RT-PCR based methods
Literacy competence and social and emotional competencies in Primary Education. Individual and ethnic-cultural factors

This research describes the level of literacy competence and social and emotional skills within a sample of 516 students in 4th, 5th and 6th grade of Primary Education. An analysis of the individual and ethnic-cultural factors was performed. Results show how these factors are related to literacy competence, but not to social and emotional competencies. Gender seems to be related to both competences, where girls have a more significant level.
The Contribution of Labors to the Income of Pig Farming Business in the Tropical Coastal Papua Barat

The purpose of this study was to determine the type of work and division of labor in the household-scale pig farm business and how much income was earned and generated by each male, adult female and child labor as a case study in the Manokwari coastal agroecological area Papua Barat. The method used is descriptive research method with survey techniques through interviews and field observations. The sample of farmers chosen purposively was 35 households out of 50 pig breeder. Farmers selected as samples are those who have been running pigs for more than 1 year. The parameters measured are labor involvement and contribution of economic beneficiaries. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, namely analysis of variance with further testing Scheffe using SPSS v.16. 0. The results showed that the types of work carried out by domestic workers included processing and providing [A4] food, medicine and sanitation, selling live cattle on the market and selling carcasses. Female breeders have almost the same level of participation as men. In terms of working hours, women give higher time (521 hours/month) in 6 pig raising activities. Female workers contribute higher incomes than male workers.
The HadGEM3-GA7.1 radiative kernel: the importance of a
well-resolved stratosphere

We present top-of-atmosphere and surface radiative kernels based on the atmospheric component (GA7.1) of the HadGEM3 general circulation model developed by the UK Met Office. We show that the utility of radiative kernels for forcing adjustments in idealised CO2 perturbation experiments is greatest where there is sufficiently high resolution in the stratosphere in both the target climate model and the radiative kernel. This is because stratospheric cooling to a CO2 perturbation continues to increase with height, and low-resolution or low-top kernels or climate model output are unable to fully resolve the full stratospheric temperature adjustment. In the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), standard atmospheric model data are available up to 1 hPa on 19 pressure levels, which is a substantial advantage compared to CMIP5. We show in the IPSL-CM6A-LR model where a full set of climate diagnostics are available that the HadGEM3-GA7.1 kernel exhibits linear behaviour and the residual error term is small, as well as from a survey of kernels available in the literature that in general low-top radiative kernels underestimate the stratospheric temperature response. The HadGEM3-GA7.1 radiative kernels are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3594673 (Smith, 2019).
University of Birmingham Mapping the steroid response to major trauma from injury to recovery

Context: Survival rates after severe injury are improving, but complication rates and outcomes are variable. Objective: This cohort study addressed the lack of longitudinal data on the steroid response to major trauma and during recovery. Design: We undertook a prospective, observational cohort study from time of injury to 6 months postinjury at a major UK trauma centre and a military rehabilitation unit, studying patients within 24 hours of major trauma (estimated New Injury Severity Score (NISS) > 15). Main outcome measures: We measured adrenal and gonadal steroids in serum and 24-hour urine by mass spectrometry, assessed muscle loss by ultrasound and nitrogen excretion, and recorded clinical outcomes (ventilator days, length of hospital stay, opioid use, incidence of organ dysfunction, and sepsis); results were analyzed by generalized mixed-effect linear models. Findings: We screened 996 multiple injured adults, approached 106, and recruited 95 eligible patients; 87 survived. We analyzed all male survivors <50 years not treated with steroids (N = 60; median age 27 [interquartile range 24–31] years; median NISS 34 [29–44]). Urinary nitrogen excretion and muscle loss peaked after 1 and 6 weeks, respectively. Serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decreased immediately after trauma and took 2, 4, and more than 6 months, respectively, to recover; opioid treatment
PPA_A_236348 287..300

Ruolin Qiu Kara Schick-Makaroff 2 Leiwen Tang 3 Xiyi Wang Qi Zhang Zhihong Ye 1 1Faculty of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; 3Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China Purpose: This study is aiming to investigate cardiovascular patients’ attitudes towards selfmanagement during hospitalization in China. Patients and Methods: Twenty-nine individuals living with cardiovascular disease from one designated Cardiology Department in Hangzhou, China, were recruited through a purposive sampling procedure. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Semi-structured interviews were also used to gain attitudes toward self-management. The interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and analyzed by thematic analysis to develop the results. Results: Four themes were identified from the qualitative data: (1): Responsibilities of selfmanagement; (2): Reflections on self-management; (3): Acknowledgement of self-management support; (4): Challenges in implementing and adherence to self-management. Additionally, interview data were also given to illustrate these main themes emerging during the analysis. Patients gradually took their responsibilities to manage chronic symptoms. During their self-management process, they did reflections to help correct their regiments through supportive interactions. Health system responsiveness, health disparities, social capital, and cultural setting were the main external factors influencing better self-management implementation and adherence. Conclusion: This study revealed the hospitalized cardiovascular patients’ attitudes towards self-management in China. These findings emphasized the importance of patients’ responsibility, reflections, and various social support receiving and pointed out specific external factors influencing the health outcomes and their quality of life. This study also proves the guide for the policymakers and health system better instructions to develop individually and culturally tailored advanced self-management interventions and programs.
TESTING THE VALIDITY OF FAMA FRENCH FIVE FACTOR ASSET PRICING MODEL: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY

Fama and French introduced a five-Factor Asset Pricing Model (FF5), adding a new perspective to asset pricing models in the literature in 2015. The aim of this paper is to investigate the validity of Fama French (2015) Five Factor Asset Pricing Model for 18 companies whose shares are listed in Istanbul Stock Market Sustainability Index. According to obtained findings, the coefficient of the profitability factor, from the new variables added to the three-factor model to build the FF5 asset pricing model, was positive and statistically significant, whereas the coefficient of investment factor was not statistically significant. As a result of the study covering 1995Q1-2017Q3 period, there was not enough evidence that the FF5 Model was valid for Istanbul Stock Market Sustainability Index. In this context, the model will not be beneficial for investors in the estimation of the returns of the companies in the Istanbul Stock Market Sustainability Index.
Effect of extrusion-cooking conditions on the pasting properties of extruded white and red bean seeds

Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland Department of Machinery Exploitation and Production Process Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-400 Lublin, Poland Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland Department of Agrobiotechnology, Koszalin University of Technology, Racławicka 15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland Department of Physics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CERTAIN HEAVY METALS ON THE MOSQUITO VECTOR CULEX PIPIENS L. (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

In the laboratory, histopathological effects of heavy metals in the form of cadmium chloride, copper sulphate, lead nitrate and mercuric nitrate were tested against the adults resulted from the 2nd larval instar of C. pipiens treatment with the LC50s (0.11, 5.1, 45.4 and 0.44ppm ) to study their effect on certain histological organssuch as ovary, testis and fat body. The histological examinations of ovaries in heavy metals-treated C. pipiens females showed a reduction in the number of developed oocytes and degeneration of a great number of oocytes. The highest reduction and damage were induced by Cd and Hg. The present study also showed damage and reduction in spermatogonia and spermatocytes in heavy metals-treated C. pipiens males. The highest reduction and abnormality were caused by Cd and Hg. In addition, the present study showed alteration and abnormality of fat body in heavy metals-treated mosquitoes.It is clear from the results obtained in this study that the presence of such elements in the ecosystem water for Culex mosquitoes as possible to contribute to the reduction of mosquito breeding.
Coaching Through The Scientific Approach To Improve Teacher Performance

Developments of teachers are continuously attempted to fulfil the need for competencies so that they can be acknowledged in 21st-century life. However, the implementation of education has not been optimal to improve the quality of Indonesian human resources as mandated in the national education system law. The development of teacher competencies in the form of supervision is more on the administrative aspects and less on the professional/academic aspects; it requires an innovative coaching model which is relevant to the needs of the teacher. The purpose of this study is to develop a teacher competency development model based on the scientific approach. Its method is Research and Development. The research procedure includes the Preliminary Study, Model Development, and Model Test. Data collection technique uses observation, documentation, questionnaires, portfolios, and interviews. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics. The results of the study can be used as an alternative solution to the problem of weak teacher competencies/teacher performance. The research findings show that generally the coaches still use a top-down instruction, coaching focuses more on administrative aspects and the lack of face to face meeting between supervisors and teachers. This study is expected to benefit the user community and can improve the quality of education.
Charles Darwin University Community composition and abundance of bacterial, archaeal and nitrifying populations in savanna soils on contrasting bedrock material in Kruger National Park, South Africa Rughöft,

Citation for published version (APA): Rughöft, S. , Herrmann, M. , Lazar, C. S. , Cesarz, S. , Levick, S. R. , Trumbore, S. E. , & Küsel, K. (2016). Community composition and abundance of bacterial, archaeal and nitrifying populations in savanna soils on contrasting bedrock material in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7(OCT), 1-16. [1638]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016. 01638
Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injury among Primary School Children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

This study was conducted to assess prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injury among primary school children in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This was a cross-sectional study based on clinical examination. It was conducted at private and public schools of Riyadh. 400 schoolchildren aged 8-11 years old were selected. Traumatic Dental Injury was recorded using epidemiologic classification adopted by (WHO) 1992 and modified by Andreasen et al. The data obtained were compiled systematically and then statistically analyzed; study revealed the prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI) in primary schools of Riyadh was 13.6%, also showed higher prevalence in public schools than in private schools (7.3% vs 6.3%), 9 year old children had the highest prevalence of TDI (6.04%), followed by 8 years old children (5.8%). Maxilla scored higher prevalence of TDI than mandible (10.8 % vs 0.76%) and both Central & Lateral incisor teeth are the most commonly affected anterior teeth. Enamel fracture was the most common traumatic injury (48.1%). This study recorded low prevalence of TDI among primary school children, and recommended periodic oral health education programs targeting causes and methods of prevention of TDIs.
The Effects of Stock Split Announcements on the Stock Returns in Bursa Malaysia

This study investigated the presence of abnormal returns surrounding stock split announcements and the determinants of cumulative abnormal return and the split factor. This study utilized the financial data of 45 corporations that had exercised stock splits on Bursa Malaysia from the years 2011 to 2015. The dependent variables were cumulative abnormal return for 40 days, cumulative abnormal return for 60 days, and the split factor. The independent variables, dividends per share and earnings per share, represent the signalling hypothesis for the stocks in Malaysia, while the bid-ask spread and the trading volume represent the liquidity hypothesis and the market capitalization, respectively. The significance of abnormal returns surrounding stock split announcements was tested using standardized t-statistics. The determinants of cumulative abnormal return and the split factor were determined based on Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) multivariate regression and Stepwise Least-Squares. The empirical results show that there was a statistically significant positive abnormal return on day 1 [+1] after the stock split announcements. Dividend per share was found to have a statistically significant relationship with the cumulative abnormal return; thus supporting the signalling hypothesis. Bid-ask spread and trading volume were the main determinants of cumulative abnormal return, supporting the liquidity hypothesis under a different estimation window. Bid-ask spread was the only important determinant for the split factor. The results of this study could help investors and policymakers to design policies to improve the overall market efficiency in Malaysia, particularly to increase the effectiveness of information disclosure regarding Malaysian stocks.
History matters: development and institutional persistence of the Habsburg Military Frontier in Croatia

In this paper we explore the effect of the long-gone Habsburg Military Frontier on modern institutions in Croatia. We use the Life in Transition Survey and geographic regression discontinuity design to identify the causal mechanism between historical institutions and attitudes towards trust and corruption. We find that the areas of the former Military Frontier are underdeveloped and poorer with worse economic performance indicators. Our results suggest that respondents living in the former Military Frontier territory have lower levels of interpersonal trust, a higher level of trust in public authorities, but also tend to bribe those institutions more often when they interact with them. We claim that the war in Yugoslavia in the 1990s is not just a confounding factor in the analysis but also a potential channel and find evidence that attitudes towards bribery can survive even harsh wars, while trust in public institutions collapses during extreme events of violence.
Temperature and VOC concentration as controlling factors for chemical composition of alpha-pinene derived secondary organic aerosol

Abstract. This work investigates the individual and combined effects of temperature and volatile organic compound precursor concentration on the chemical composition of particles formed in the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene. All experiments were conducted in a 5 m3 Teflon chamber at an initial ozone concentration of 100 ppb and α-pinene concentrations of 10 ppb and 50 ppb, respectively, at constant temperatures of 20 °C, 0 °C, or −15 °C, and at changing temperatures (ramps) from −15 °C to 20 °C and from 20 °C to −15 °C. The chemical composition of the particles was probed using a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). A four-factor solution of a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of combined HR-ToF-AMS data from experiments conducted under different conditions is presented. The PMF analysis as well as elemental composition analysis of individual experiments show that secondary organic aerosol particles with the highest oxidation level are formed from the lowest initial α-pinene concentration (10 ppb) and at the highest temperature (20 °C). Higher initial α-pinene concentration (50 ppb) and/or lower temperature (0 °C or −15 °C) result in lower oxidation level of the molecules contained in the particles. With respect to carbon oxidation state, particles formed at 0 °C are more comparable to particles formed at −15 °C than to those formed at 20 °C. A remarkable observation is that changes in temperature during or after particle formation result in only minor changes in the elemental composition of the particles. The temperature at which aerosol particle formation is initiated thus seems to be a critical parameter for the particle elemental composition. Comparison of the AMS derived estimates of the content of organic acids in the particles based on m/z 44 in the spectra show good agreement with results from off-line molecular analysis of particle filter samples collected from the same experiments. While higher temperatures are associated with a decrease in the absolute mass concentrations of organic acids (R-COOH) and organic acid functionalities (-COOH), the organic acid functionalities account for an increasing fraction of the measured SOA mass at higher temperatures.
Drying characteristics of Thompson seedless grapes using infra-red dryer.

The drying characteristics of Thompson seedless grape (vitis vinifera L.) were investigated using laboratory scale infra-red dryer at four levels of intensity of infra-red radiation (0.861, 0.973, 1.039 and 1.161 kW/m). The drier was also equipped with three axial flow fans to supply air with at three different temperatures (40, 50 and 60 C) and constant velocity of 2 m/s over the samples to carry the evaporated moisture. The results showed that the moisture content of dried grapes was decreased from (287.15 ±1, %d.b.) to (19.83 – 12.37, % db). It has been found that, both air temperature and infra-red radiation intensity affects rate of drying. Two drying models: Lewis model and Henderson and Pabis's model were examined. The models were compared using the statistical coefficients such as (R), (SE), (χ), (MBE) and (RMSE). Lewis’s model was the best model for describing the drying curves of Thompson seedless grapes. A diffusion model was used to describe the moisture transfer and the effective diffusivity at each drying temperature and radiation intensity. The effective diffusivity ranged from (2.2393x10) to (2.3033x10 m/s) and was significantly affected by radiation intensity. The average value of activation energy was (3.2051 kW/kg). The seedless Thompson grape dried at radiation intensity of (0.973 kW/m) and air temperature of (60 °C) recorded the highest quality of the dried samples in terms of, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugars and remained Residual sulphur (SO2).