Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organic amendments effects on soil dry aggregate stability in Chipata, Zambia

Organic amendments have been known to improve soil physical and chemical properties in sub-Saharan Africa. However, research information on how organic amendments affect aggregate stability and the degree of their effects in comparison to others is inadequate in Zambia. The study was carried out to assess the effect of organic amendments on soil dry aggregate stability and organic matter on soils from Chipata, Zambia. The specific objectives were to: Assess the effect of organic amendments on soil dry aggregate stability and assess if there is a relationship between soil organic matter and soil aggregate stability on a loamy ferric luvisol soil. Soil aggregates were collected from the top 10 cm of 10 m × 10 m plots in each treatment replicated five times. These aggregates were sieved through a 9.5 mm, and the retained aggregates on an 8 mm sieve were collected and used for aggregate stability analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of results showed significant differences among the means of five treatments: Sunn hemp, Tephrosia vogelii alley cropping, pigeon pea alley cropping, animal manure, and conventional treatments on a loamy ferric luvisol. Amending soils with Sunn hemp showed a significantly higher mean weight diameter (MWDd) of 2.393 compared to amending soils with T. vogelii alley cropping MWDd 1.767 (P value <0.001). Hence, for a loamy ferric luvisol soil, Sunn hemp and animal manure may be used to improve the condition especially for aeration and aggregate stability. Key words: Tephrosia vogeli, Sunn hemp, animal manure, conventional, loamy ferric luvisol.
Partial, (in)authentic, and masked: an exploration of power in doctoral students’ identity development as scholars through collaborative autoethnography

Abstract As three doctoral students, we conducted a collaborative autoethnography to explore how power dynamics in higher education played a role in our identity development as scholars. Through the lens of Wenger-Trayner and Wenger-Trayner’s Landscapes of Practice and Foucault’s notions of power, we specifically attended to how our attempts to gain entry into various communities of practice in academia were either supported or hindered by our supervisors and other conduits of power who occupy positions of power in academia. Looking across our three unique yet related stories, we discuss the manifestation of power in doctoral education by way of our four main themes: students as assets or burdens, (in)validation and (dis)empowerment, competition for scarce resources, early and ongoing tensions. We conclude with a call for students, faculty, and other members of academia to consider how power dynamics impact doctoral students’ development as scholars.
Effect of feeding frequency on the growth of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus)

The experiment was conducted at Sharnalata Agro Fisheries Limited, Radhakanai, Fulbaria, Mymensingh by using three treatments (T1, T2, T3) and each having 2 replications for a period of 35 days in hapa system to see the growth performance of tilapia. In T1 - fish fed four times daily, T2- fed three times daily and T3 - fed two times daily. GIFT fingerlings weighing 30 ± 3.80 g were reared by feeding a formulated diet containing 32% protein (Mega 301p) feeding at the rate of 10% of the body weight of fish for the first 3 weeks and then it was adjusted to 8% of the body weight for the next 2 weeks. It was found that mean weight gain were 105.12 ± 4.60, 105.8 ± 5.23 and 108.2 ± 4.86 g respectively. The mean weight gain was not significantly different (p>0.05) among three treatments but a bit higher growth was found in T3 compared to T1 and T2. The SGR values of the experimental fish in T1, T2 and T3 were 4.32 ± 0.32, 4.34 ± 0.30 and 4.38 ± 0.28 respectively. SGR (%/day) was highest in T3 and FCR was lowest as expected. GIFT reared in hapa showed better growth performance by feeding two times daily. Many previous researches showed that maximum growth rate was obtained by feeding fish three times a day. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ambiguity of the present results with the previous works (feeding three times provided better growth) can be resolved by conducting experiments under control temperature conditions and by subsequently extrapolating that results in farm conditions especially during best growing season of the fish (June-July).
Chitosan-Coating Effect on the Characteristics of Liposomes: A Focus on Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils: A Review

In recent years, liposomes have gained increasing attention for their potential applications as drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutic, cosmetic and food industries. However, they have a tendency to aggregate and are sensitive to degradation caused by several factors, which may limit their effectiveness. A promising approach to improve liposomal stability is to modify liposomal surfaces by forming polymeric layers. Among natural polymers, chitosan has received great interest due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review discussed the characteristics of this combined system, called chitosomes, in comparison to those of conventional liposomes. The coating of liposomes with chitosan or its derivatives improved liposome stability, provided sustained drug release and increased drug penetration across mucus layers. The mechanisms behind these results are highlighted in this paper. Alternative assembly of polyelectrolytes using alginate, sodium hyaluronate, or pectin with chitosan could further improve the liposomal characteristics. Chitosomal encapsulation could also ensure targeted delivery and boost the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils (EOs). Moreover, chitosomes could be an efficient tool to overcome the major drawbacks related to the chemical properties of EOs (low water solubility, sensitivity to oxygen, light, heat, and humidity) and their poor bioavailability. Overall, chitosomes could be considered as a promising strategy to enlarge the use of liposomes.
Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy on the Armenian Economy

Whether inflation and output respond symmetrically or asymmetrically to the same size of contractionary and expansionary monetary policy shock has important policy implications. This paper shows the presence of asymmetric responses in Armenian inflation and output to positive and negative monetary policy shocks of the same size by employing econometric models. Contractionary policy decreases inflation less than expansionary policy increases it. Output reacts in the opposite way. An estimated small open economy DSGE model with sticky wages and investment adjustment costs explains about half of the asymmetry observed in the monetary policy transmission mechanism. This paper finds that the main part of inflation reaction asymmetry is a result of a highly convex Phillips curve for the importers. The nonlinearities of the internal economy explain the predominant part of the asymmetry in output reaction.
Characteristics and Dynamics of Density Fronts over the Inner to Midshelf under Weak Wind Conditions

Here, we explore the kinematics and dynamics of coastal density fronts (within 10 km from shore and <30-m depth), identified using an edge detection algorithm, in a realistic high-resolution model of the San Diego Bight with relatively weak winds and small freshwater input. The density fronts have lengths spanning 4–10 km and surface density gradients spanning 2–20 × 10−4 kg m−4. Cross-shore-oriented fronts are more likely with northward subtidal flow and are 1/3 as numerous as alongshore-oriented fronts, which are more likely with onshore surface baroclinic diurnal flow. Using a subset of the cross-shore fronts, decomposed into cross-front mean and perturbation components, an ensemble front is created. The ensemble cross-front mean flow is largely geostrophic in the cross- and alongfront directions. The ensemble cross-shore front extends several kilometers from shore, with a distinct linear front axis and downwelling (upwelling) on the dense (light) side of the front, convergent perturbation cross-front flow within the upper 5 m, strengthening the ensemble front. Vertical mixing of momentum is weak, counter to the turbulent thermal wind mechanism. The ensemble cross-shore front resembles a gravity current and is generated by a convergent strain field acting on the large-scale density field. The ensemble front is bounded by the shoreline and is alongfront geostrophic and cross-front ageostrophic. This contrasts with the cross-front geostrophic and alongfront ageostrophic balances of classic deformation frontogenesis, but is consistent with semigeostrophic coastal circulation.
Research-oriented collaborative inquiry learning (REORCILEA): improving analytical thinking ability of high school students in reaction rate learning

This research aimed to improve students’ analytical thinking ability and to describe the profile of students’ analytical thinking ability in the Research-Oriented Collaborative Inquiry Learning (REORCILEA) in reaction rate learning. A quasi-experimental post-test only control group design had been employed in this research. The sample in this research was the eleventh-grade students of a senior high school in Kroya, Indonesia. The experimental group and control group were chosen by using a random sampling technique. The essay questions of reaction rate consisting of three indicators of analytical thinking ability namely differentiating, attributing, and organizing were used to obtain data on students’ analytical thinking ability. Independent t-test analysis techniques and descriptive quantitative were used in this research. The result showed that the implementation of REORCILEA has a significant influence on the analytical thinking ability of high school students in reaction rate. Profile of students’ analytical thinking ability in REORCILEA for each indicator showed good and very good categories. The implication of this result is that REORCILEA could be used in reaction rate learning to improve students’ analytical thinking ability.
Impacts of recurrent dry and wet years alter long‐term tree growth trajectories

Climate extremes, such as abnormally dry and wet conditions, generate abrupt shifts in tree growth, a situation which is expected to increase under predicted climate conditions. Thus, it is crucial to understand factors determining short‐ and long‐term tree performance in response to higher frequency and intensity of climate extremes. We evaluated how three successive droughts and wet years influenced short‐ and long‐term growth of six dominant Iberian tree species. Within species variation in growth response to repeated dry and wet years was evaluated as a function of individual traits related to resource and water use (diameter at breast height [DBH], wood density [WD] and specific leaf area [SLA]) and tree‐to‐tree competition across climatically contrasted populations. Furthermore, we assessed how short‐term accumulated impacts of the repeated dry and wet years influenced long‐term growth performance. All species showed strong short‐term growth decreases and enhancements due to repeated dry and wet years. However, patterns of accumulated growth decreases (AcGD) and enhancements (AcGE) across climatically contrasting populations were species‐specific. Furthermore, individual trait data were weakly associated with either AcGD or AcGE and the few relevant associations were found for conifers. Intraspecific variations in tree growth responses to repeated climates extremes were large, and not explained by intraspecific variability in SLA and WD. Accumulated impacts of repeated dry and wet years were related to long‐term growth trends, showing how the recurrence of climate extremes can determine growth trajectories. The relationships of AcGD and AcGE with long‐term growth trends were more common in conifers species. Synthesis. Repeated climate extremes do not only cause short‐term growth reductions and enhancements but also determine long‐term tree growth trajectories. This result shows how repeated droughts can lead to growth decline. Conifers were more susceptible to the accumulated effects of extreme weather events indicating that in the future, more intense and frequent climate extremes will alter growth performance in forests dominated by these species.
A partner selection framework for strategic alliances based on project complexity and partner’s past experience

ABSTRACT In a complex innovative project, an organisation is often not able to manage all aspects alone, due to the lack of all required competencies, skills or resources. Hence, alliance formation can be a solution. To decrease the risk of potential collaboration inefficiency, partner selection happens among firms before collaboration starts. This paper proposes hypotheses based on a systematic literature review. These hypotheses consider the needs of the project and allow to characterise partner selection using a new typology. Finally, a novel framework is proposed to help decision-makers of partner selection in alliance formation. Potentials for future studies are also developed.
Joseph Beuys and the Artistic Education: Theory and Practice of an Artistic Art Education, Carl-Peter Buschkühle (2020)

Review of: Joseph Beuys and the Artistic Education: Theory and Practice of an Artistic Art Education, Carl-Peter Buschkühle (2020) Leiden: Brill/Sense, 238 pp., ISBN 978-90-04-42454-8, p/back, €50.00
Job satisfaction, and burnout as mediators of trait anger, work stress, positive and negative affect in a sample of Turkish correctional officers

ABSTRACT Studies testing the Person-Environment Fit Theory and the top-down approach in the subjective well-being literature have highlighted a gap in the effect of personal fit variables or traits and their relationships with environmental variables. The current study aims to examine the role of trait anger, stress, and burn-out on job satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect within the framework of Person-Environment Fit Theory and the top-down approach by using structural equation modeling. The study was conducted on 588 Turkish correctional officers working in low-, medium-, or maximum-security prisons. Similar to previous findings, a direct positive relationship was found between trait anger and negative affect. Similarly, work stress, burnout, and job satisfaction were positively and directly associated with each other. Besides, the mediating role of burnout and job satisfaction in the relationship among trait anger, work stress, and negative affect/positive affect was statistically significant. Moreover, the relationship between trait anger and negative affect/positive affect, as well as the relationship between work stress and positive affect, was mediated by burnout, while job satisfaction only mediated the relationship between work stress and positive affect. Implications are presented to improve the subjective well-being of correctional officers.
Power consumption, gas hold-up and interfacial area in aerated non-newtonian suspensions in stirred tanks of square cross-section

Power consumption, gas holp-up and interfacial area were measured during carbonization of lime suspensions in laboratory and semi-industrial stirred tanks of square cross-section. It was found that power consumption was not changed by the non-Newtonian properties of hydrated lime and precipitated calcium carbonate suspensions. On the other hand, a substantial systematic decrease of gas hold-up and interfacial area was observed as the concentration of solid matter increased
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and the Structure of the Primary Olfactory Projection

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are the glial cells that accompany axons from the olfactory epithelium to their targets in the olfactory bulb. They possess unique features that have made them the subject of much study as being potentially useful in cell-based therapeutic approaches to CNS repair. Investigation of OECs has demonstrated antigenic and morphological heterogeneity in their population. No marker specific to and selective for OECs have yet been identified, and many of the markers used are variably expressed by other glial cells. Even among OECs, these markers appear to vary in vivo (depending on their anatomical location, contact with other cells, and developmental timing) and in vitro. The variation across the population of OECs has compromised their isolation and characterization. It has also made the task of identifying meaningful subpopulations - with greater or lesser therapeutic utility - dependent on identifying the source of their variability. Such information would aid in both the harvest and experimental manipulation of OECs to optimize their therapeutic effect. One way to understand the nature of this variability is to seek its potential causes in vivo. This must begin with an examination of the structure of the olfactory nerve. Here, the structure and development of the primary olfactory projection are thoroughly reviewed with an emphasis on OECs and the cells with which they make contact. The relevant experimental results are also discussed. The weight of anatomical evidence indicates that the structural variations described in different locations and across species are mostly the result of spatiotemporal developmental factors. As such, the formation of the olfactory projection is mediated primarily by the source tissue, the olfactory epithelium. Cell-autonomous development is common elsewhere, and suits the evolutionary age and importance of olfaction, as well as its continued regenerative capacity. Our findings provide a more systematic anatomical understanding of this nerve. That understanding indicates that variation in axon ensheathment by OECs is an inherent feature arising from the flexibility of the ensheathing program. This perspective, along with the anatomical data reviewed here, can inform more carefully controlled laboratory investigations designed to uncover the detailed mechanisms governing OEC biology.
Physiological and behavioural effects of anemone bleaching on symbiont anemonefish in the wild

1. Climate change causes extreme heat waves that have induced worldwide mass coral bleaching. The impacts of temperature-induced bleaching events on the loss of algal endosymbionts in both corals and anemones are well documented. However, the cascading impacts of bleaching on animals that live in association with corals and anemones are understudied. 2. We performed a field-based experiment to investigate how host anemone bleaching affected the metabolic rate, growth, behaviour and survival of wild juvenile orange-fin anemonefish Amphiprion chrysopterus over 1, 2 and (for survival) 9 months. 3. We found that the standard metabolic rate of anemonefish residing in bleached anem-ones decreased over time but was unaffected in fish from healthy anemones. Despite the reduced metabolic cost, the growth rate of fish from bleached anemones was significantly lower compared to fish from healthy anemones, suggesting that animals residing in bleached hosts are at an energetic disadvantage. This was corroborated by our finding that fish from bleached anemones spent more time out of their anemo-nes, suggestive of a greater need to forage in the water column. However, fish from bleached anemones were overall less active and used less space around the anemone, resulting in a negative correlation between space use and survival after 4 weeks. 4. Our results provide insight into the physiological and behavioural effects of host bleaching on juvenile fish in the wild, and highlight how relatively short-term thermal anomalies can have long-lasting impacts beyond the bleached anemones or corals themselves.
Data Science Skills and Graduate Certificates: A Quantitative Text Analysis

ABSTRACT The tremendous amount of data collected from connected devices and social media has created a high demand for new skills to help organizations gain the power of big data. With a shorter completion time, graduate certificates appeared to be a desirable alternative for working professionals to develop these skills. However, it was unclear if graduate certificates met the job market’s needs. Quantitative text analysis was used to analyze data science skills in more than 5,000 data science job descriptions and skills taught in 588 required courses in 166 graduate certificates to investigate if skills needed in the industry were taught in these graduate certificates. The results showed that 21% of skills were common across seven job categories. ‘Team’ was a non-technical skill in high demand, while ‘Python’ and ‘SQL’ were the technical skills in high demand. Although Business offered the highest number of certificates, a lower number of data-science skills were taught in these certificates. The findings also suggested that job categories in the EDISON Data Science Professional Profiles could be grouped into two separate profile groups. The findings of this research provide a comprehensive list of skills that are common in a wide range of data science jobs for universities to consider while they develop their data science programs.
Characterization of shiga-toxin producing E.coli (STEC) and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) from domestic animals for virulence and colonisation factors and their antimicrobial resistance

Aim: To determine the occurrence and molecular characterization of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) from different domestic animals for serogrouping, virulence factors and their antibiotic resistance from Jammu region. Methodology: Faecal samples were collected from 200 different animals including calves (39), rabbits (24), dogs (38), slaughtered pigs (22), poultry (41), sheep and goat (36). All the 200 strains were screened for the presence of stx1 , stx2 and eae genes by m-PCR and screening of confirmed EPEC isolates with respect to their serogroup, virulence factors ( bfpA, astA and ecpA genes) by PCR and antibiotic resistance. Results : Of total 200 E. coli isolates, 38 (19.00%) were detected as EPEC and 28 (14.00%) as STEC. 5 (12.82%), 17 (43.58%) isolates from calves and 12 (33.33%), 11 (30.55%) isolates from sheep were found as EPEC and STEC, respectively. In rabbits, pigs and dogs, 6 (25.0%), 10 (45.45%) and 5 (13.15%) isolates were detected as EPEC, respectively. The most predominant EPEC serogroups were O88 (36.84%), O118 (18.42%). All 38 EPEC (100%) isolates carried ecpA gene and 18 (47.36%) isolates carried astA gene. Of 38 EPEC, only 5 (13.15%) isolates from dog carried bfpA gene, therefore considered as typical EPEC and 33 (86.84%) isolates were designated as atypical EPEC. Antimicrobial sensitivity test (AST) of 38 EPEC isolates showed resistance to nalidixic acid (55.26%), kanamycin (42.10%) followed by streptomycin (42.10%), doxycycline hydrochloride (28.94%), ciprofloxacin (13.15%), tetracycline (13.15%). Surprisingly, all the 38 isolates were sensitive to ampicillin.