Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximum Available Efficiency of Undersea Capacitive Coupling in a Wireless Power Transfer System

This paper studies the maximum available efficiency of a capacitive power transfer (CPT) system submerged in seawater. The maximum efficiency for a dissipative CPT system is derived using the network theory, namely the conjugate-image method. Submerging CPT system in seawater gives a coupling capacitance in the nF range, which is higher than that in an air-gapped CPT system with similar dimensions. The experimental results demonstrate that the capacitive coupling decrease by 6.3% when the distance increase from 100 mm to 300 mm. The results also show that the efficiency decreases by about 17.5% when the frequency increases from 300 kHz to 1 MHz. These results imply that submerging the CPT system in seawater does not need to operate at a high-frequency range, as in air-gapped CPT counterparts. Thus, a loosely coupled underwater CPT system is a promising solution for wireless charging applications.
For Better or For Worse: Impacts of IoT Technology in e‐Commerce Channel

Internet of Things (IoT) technology utilizes sensors and other internet‐enabled devices to collect and share data. It is widely regarded as a disruptive technology that brings tremendous opportunities to supply chain members. This study uses a game‐theoretical model to study an e‐commerce setting in which an online platform provides IoT infrastructure and a manufacturer sells its products on the platform. Our work examines the interaction among the manufacturer's IoT investment decision, the platform's choice of pricing models, and the platform's transfer payment strategy. We solve the model analytically and obtain several interesting findings. Our study shows that the manufacturer in a wholesale pricing model is more likely to invest, and invests more, in IoT technology than in an agency one. One surprising finding is that both the manufacturer and the channel performance could be hurt by an increase in IoT technology value in certain situations. Also surprisingly, even having the option of investing in IoT technology by the manufacturer can make both the manufacturer and the channel performance worse off. Therefore, the advancement of IoT technology might not benefit either manufacturers or the whole industry, although e‐commerce platform giants and the news media have been advocating the benefits of IoT technology enthusiastically in recent years. Our results should concern both device manufacturers who contemplate adopting or have adopted IoT technology and policymakers who are interested in overall channel performance.
The drifting subpulses of PSR B0031−07 and its synchronously modulated radio polarization

We establish that for PSR B0031−07 the orthogonal polarization modes switch at a single pulse level synchronously with the periodic drifting subpulses seen in total intensity. There are only four other pulsars known for which this phenomenon is observed. PSR B0031−07 is unique as it is the only source in this group which has multiple stable drift modes. For both drift modes visible at our observing frequency centered at 1369 MHz, the modulation of polarization modes is synchronous with the drifting subpulses. In one of the drift modes, a discontinuity in the modulation pattern of polarization properties occurs halfway through the pulse, coinciding with a slight change in the slope of the intensity drift band. In contrast to what has been suggested for this pulsar in the past, this, plus other differences in the polarization of the modulated emission observed for the two drift modes, suggests that a drift mode change is more than a change in the underlying carousel radius and that magnetospheric propagation effects play an important role. The ellipticity evolves asymmetrically in time during the modulation cycle, which in the framework of a carousel model implies that the polarized sub-beams are asymmetric with respect to the sense of circulation, something which is not observed for other pulsars. Birefringence in the magnetosphere, resulting in the orthogonal polarization modes to spatially separate, is not enough to explain these results. It is argued that more complex magnetospheric processes, which possibly allow conversion between orthogonal polarization modes, play a role.
Homogenization of quasiperiodic structures and two-scale cut-and-projection convergence

Quasiperiodic arrangements of the constitutive materials in composites result in effective properties with very unusual electromagnetic and elastic properties. The paper discusses the cut-and-projection method that is used to characterize effective properties of quasiperiodic materials. Characterization of cut-and-projection convergence limits of partial differential operators is presented, and correctors are established. We provide the proofs of the results announced in (Wellander et al., 2018) and give further examples. Applications to problems of interest in physics include electrostatic, elastostatic and quasistatic magnetic cases.
Obtain the phase velocity of ocean waves by using distributed acoustic sensing

In the field of ocean and seismic wave detection, the distributed acoustic sensing based on chirped pulse is used to obtain the specific information of different waves and to dig out the available effective content. But with the huge amount of data, there will be some problems of low computational efficiency and long processing time. This paper applies image processing methods to analyze the phase velocities of different waves. The method combines different technologies to get the related analysis more quickly. Specifically, on the basis of the original data, the two-dimensional Fourier transform processing is performed on the two-dimensional matrix as preprocessing, and then the edge detection algorithm and the operation of color inversion is used to process the data of 20-30 kilometers. After that, all the results are converted into scatter plot form. Then the required scatter points need to be kept and fitted, and this step contributes to obtaining the range of phase velocity variation of different waves through the tangent of the fitted curve. The final result is in line with the phase velocity of the actual situation analysis, and the process is more convenient. The methods proposed in this paper are more convenient to calculate, and they reduce the workload. As a result, they are suitable for monitoring the phase velocity of seismic wave and ocean wave detection.
Cumulo: A Dataset for Learning Cloud Classes

One of the greatest sources of uncertainty in future climate projections comes from limitations in modelling clouds and in understanding how different cloud types interact with the climate system. A key first step in reducing this uncertainty is to accurately classify cloud types at high spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, we introduce Cumulo, a benchmark dataset for training and evaluating global cloud classification models. It consists of one year of 1km resolution MODIS hyperspectral imagery merged with pixel-width 'tracks' of CloudSat cloud labels. Bringing these complementary datasets together is a crucial first step, enabling the Machine-Learning community to develop innovative new techniques which could greatly benefit the Climate community. To showcase Cumulo, we provide baseline performance analysis using an invertible flow generative model (IResNet), which further allows us to discover new sub-classes for a given cloud class by exploring the latent space. To compare methods, we introduce a set of evaluation criteria, to identify models that are not only accurate, but also physically-realistic.
Don’t Say That! Making Inconsistent Dialogue Unlikely with Unlikelihood Training

Generative dialogue models currently suffer from a number of problems which standard maximum likelihood training does not address. They tend to produce generations that (i) rely too much on copying from the context, (ii) contain repetitions within utterances, (iii) overuse frequent words, and (iv) at a deeper level, contain logical flaws.In this work we show how all of these problems can be addressed by extending the recently introduced unlikelihood loss (Welleck et al., 2019) to these cases. We show that appropriate loss functions which regularize generated outputs to match human distributions are effective for the first three issues. For the last important general issue, we show applying unlikelihood to collected data of what a model should not do is effective for improving logical consistency, potentially paving the way to generative models with greater reasoning ability. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach across several dialogue tasks.
The impact of scatter in the galaxy UV luminosity to halo mass relation on Ly α visibility during the epoch of reionization

The reionization of hydrogen is closely linked to the first structures in the Universe, so understanding the timeline of reionization promises to shed light on the nature of these early objects. In particular, transmission of Lyman alpha (Ly α) from galaxies through the intergalactic medium (IGM) is sensitive to neutral hydrogen in the IGM, so can be used to probe the reionization timeline. In this work, we implement an improved model of the galaxy UV luminosity to dark matter halo mass relation to infer the volume-averaged fraction of neutral hydrogen in the IGM from Ly α observations. Many models assume that UV-bright galaxies are hosted by massive dark matter haloes in overdense regions of the IGM, so reside in relatively large ionized regions. However, observations and N-body simulations indicate that scatter in the UV luminosity–halo mass relation is expected. Here, we model the scatter (though we assume the IGM topology is unaffected) and assess the impact on Ly α visibility during reionization. We show that UV luminosity–halo mass scatter reduces Ly α visibility compared to models without scatter, and that this is most significant for UV-bright galaxies. We then use our model with scatter to infer the neutral fraction, $\overline{x}_{\mathrm{ H}\,{\small I}}$, at z ∼ 7 using a sample of Lyman-break galaxies in legacy fields. We infer $\overline{x}_{\mathrm{ H}\,{\small I}} = 0. 55_{-0.13}^{+0.11}$ with scatter, compared to $\overline{x}_{\mathrm{ H}\,{\small I}} = 0. 59_{-0.14}^{+0.12}$ without scatter, a very slight decrease and consistent within the uncertainties. Finally, we place our results in the context of other constraints on the reionization timeline and discuss implications for future high-redshift galaxy studies.
Robust Natural Language Inference Models with Example Forgetting

We investigate whether example forgetting, a recently introduced measure of hardness of examples, can be used to select training examples in order to increase robustness of natural language understanding models in a natural language inference task (MNLI). We analyze forgetting events for MNLI and provide evidence that forgettable examples under simpler models can be used to increase robustness of the recently proposed BERT model, measured by testing an MNLI trained model on HANS, a curated test set that exhibits a shift in distribution compared to the MNLI test set. Moreover, we show that, the "large" version of BERT is more robust than its "base" version but its robustness can still be improved with our approach.
Subtractive versus additive indirect manufacturing techniques of digitally designed partial dentures

PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of digitally designed removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks, constructed by additive and subtractive methods castable resin patterns, using comparative 3D analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Kennedy class III mod. 1 educational maxillary model was used in this study. The cast was scanned after modification, and a removable partial denture framework was digitally designed. Twelve frameworks were constructed. Two groups were defined: Group A: six frameworks were milled with castable resin, then casted by the lost wax technique into Co-Cr frameworks; Group B: six frameworks were printed with castable resin, then casted by the lost wax technique into Co-Cr frameworks. Comparative 3D analysis was used to measure the accuracy of the fabricated frameworks using Geomagic Control X software. Student's t-test was used for comparing data. P value ≤ . 05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Regarding the accuracy of the occlusal rests, group A (milled) (0.1417 ± 0.0224) showed significantly higher accuracy than group B (printed) (0.02347 ± 0.0221). The same results were found regarding the 3D comparison of the overall accuracy, in which group A (0.1501 ± 0.0205) was significantly more accurate than group B (0.179 ± 0.0137). CONCLUSION In indirect fabrication techniques, subtractive manufacturing yields more accurate RPDs than additive manufacturing.
Multi-sensorial Human Perceptual Experience Model Identifier for Haptics Virtual Reality Services in Tactful Networking

The tactful networking paradigm is expected to play a crucial role in the next generation networks. Accordingly, adaptive human-aware environments, sensitive to the daily human behavior and individual traits have to be provided, in order to offer a fully immersive and customized experience to users. On the basis of data collected by actual cognitive experiments, this paper proposes a learning framework to discover the multi-sensory human perceptual experience. The paper applies the mixture density network to identify the perception model considering different senses, and then the multi-sensory integration is performed, accordingly to the actual neuro-cognitive model. Furthermore, a supervised learning module has been used to cluster the users on the basis of the human perception identification strategy previously designed, assuming a multimodal structure for the cognitive brain activity. Finally, a practical contextualization has been presented, in relation to the haptics virtual reality services. What emerges from the results is the effectiveness of the tactful approach, i.e., brain-aware, involving the proposed framework, which is validated in comparison to the more conventional brain-agnostic scheme. In fact, the system performance, expressed in terms of reliability in guaranteeing the service exploitation before a target deadline based on the integrated perception, reaches remarkable improvements applying the brain-aware strategy, which exploits the human perception knowledge.
Statistical Post-Processing for Gridded Temperature Prediction Using Encoder–Decoder-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

The Japan Meteorological Agency operates gridded temperature guidance to predict two-dimensional snowfall amounts and precipitation types, e.g., rain and snow, because surface temperature is one of the key elements to predict them. Operational temperature guidance is based on the Kalman filter, which uses temperature observation and numerical weather prediction (NWP) outputs only around observation sites. Correcting a temperature field when NWP models incorrectly predict a front's location or when observed temperatures are extremely cold or hot has been challenging. In this study, an encoder-decoder-based convolutional neural network has been proposed to predict gridded temperatures at the surface around the Kanto region in Japan. Verification results showed that the proposed model greatly improves the operational guidance and can correct NWP model biases, such as a positional error of fronts and extreme temperatures.
Effects of black cumin seed oil on oxidative stress and expression of membrane-cytoskeleton linker proteins, radixin, and moesin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat liver

Background and Aim: This study examined the effects of black cumin seed oil treatment on oxidative stress and the expression of radixin and moesin in the liver of experimental diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into 3 equal groups (control, diabetes, treatment). The control group was not exposed to any experimental treatment. Streptozotocin was administered to the rats in the diabetes and treatment groups. A 2.5 mL/kg dose of black cumin seed oil was administered daily for 56 days to the treatment group. At the conclusion of the experiment, the blood level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) was measured. The expression level and the cellular distribution of radixin and moesin in the liver were analyzed. Results: The plasma MDA (3.05±0.45 nmol/mL) and GSH (78.49±20.45 μmol/L) levels in the diabetes group were significantly different (p<0.01) from the levels observed in the control group (MDA: 1.09±0.31 nmol/mL, GSH: 277.29±17.02 μmol/L) and the treatment group (MDA: 1.40±0.53 nmol/mL, GSH: 132.22±11.81 μmol/L). Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses indicated that while the level of radixin was not significantly between the groups (p>0.05) and moesin expression was significantly downregulated (p<0.05) in the experimental group, the treatment was ineffective. Conclusion: The administered dose was sufficient to prevent oxidative stress, but was not sufficient to alleviate the effects of diabetes on moesin expression in hepatic sinusoidal cells.
Firms’ Participation on Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Construction in Ethiopia

This study designed particularly to identify factors affecting firms' decisions on the purchase of bonds and the amount of their investment on bond purchase for GERD construction. This study used cross-sectional data of enterprise surveys collected by the World Bank in 2015. In addition to descriptive statistics, the Tobit model was estimated to identify the underlying factors that; determine both firms' participation in the purchase of bonds and the amount of their investment for GERD construction. The model result indicates that the expected value of the amount of bond purchase is 2593.71 birr with 50.1% likelihood of the firms to purchase the bond for GERD construction. The results from the Tobit model indicate that; the decision to purchase bonds and the amount of bond purchase for GERD construction was affected by adopting technologies, being local owner, the income of firms, receiving loan, number of employees, the existence of female owner and being large in business size. The result suggests the need to design interventions to increase the access of innovative technologies by offering at a reasonable price and increase the access of a loan by reducing collateral requirements and avoiding complex bureaucratic processes to receive the loan. Besides, it is good if the government and the non-government organization works to empower women to be the owner of firms; and help firms to utilize their potential that leads them to hire more employees, produce high profit and be larger in its size.
Interspeaker variation in the negated perfective aspect of Zamboanga Chavacano

Framed from four perspectives, (1) Schütze & Curbach (2019), grammaticality judgment and linguistic methodology; (2) Mcwhorter’s (2011), description of the complexity of creoles as flourishing over time from an original state; (3) Steinkruger (2013), explanation of negated sentences in the perfective aspect; and (4) Lee (2005), delineation of native speakers of a language, this research paper looked into the combination of the negator nohay and the perfective aspect markers ya and yan (ya man) in the sentence. A negated sentence with a perfective aspect is a structure that seems to be accepted by some native speakers of Chavacano (or Chabacano) but rejected by others. In the literature, only Steinkruger (2013), describes the permissibility of the forenamed combination in the syntactic structure of Chavacano. It was hypothesized that such a combination is acceptable in Chavacano and that there is an interspeaker variation pertinent to its acceptability. To confirm these hypotheses, data were collected via grammaticality judgment from 105 native Chavacano speakers and another set of data were collected via interview from 10 native speakers of Chavacano for corroborative purposes.
Motor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation

Debate exists as to the effects of anxiety in performance-based studies. However, no studies have examined the influence of motivation both in preparation of a motor movement and during movement performance. The present study measured beta activation in preparation for and during execution of the effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT), a button-pressing task consisting of easy and hard trials. Results indicated that motor preparation (i.e., reduced beta activation) was greater in preparation for hard trials than for easy trials. Additionally, motor preparation decreased (i.e., beta activation increased) over the course of hard trial execution. These results suggest that motor preparation is enhanced prior to more challenging tasks but that motor preparation declines as participants become closer to completing their goal in each challenging trial. These results provide insight into how beta activation facilitates effort expenditure for motor tasks varying in difficulty and motivation. The impact of these results on models of anxiety and performance is discussed.
Frequency and Antibiotics Resistance of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBLs) Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine

Frequency and Antibiotics Resistance of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBLs) Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine Ghassan Tayh 7* , Nahed Al Laham , Imene Fhoula , Nahed Abedelateef , Mohamed El-Laham , Abed Elkader Elottol , Karim Ben Slama 6 Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, AlAzhar University-Gaza, Palestine; Department of Biological Science, Al-Aqsa University –Gaza, Palestine; Department of Biological Science and Medical Technology, Israa University – Gaza, Palestine; Medical Science Department, University College of Science and Technology Gaza, Palestine; 6 Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de TunisUniversité de Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisie;Service de Microbiologie et d’Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie