Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Note On The Stability of Solution for Elliptic-Schrödinger Type Nonlocal Boundary Value Problem

In the present article, a problem for a Elliptic-Schrodinger equation with nonlocal boundary value problem is considered. The stability estimates are established for the solution of Elliptic-Schrodinger problem for nonlocal boundary problem . A theorem, with proof, for stability of the solution of this problem for differential equations of elliptic-Schrodinger type in a Hilberts space H with self-adjoint positive definite operator A is considered. On the other hand, conclusion section is presented.
Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Substitution Principle and Shuffling Scheme

This research presents a method of image encryption that has been designed based on the algorithm of complete shuffling, transformation of substitution box, and predicated image crypto-system. This proposed algorithm presents extra confusion in the first phase because of including an S-box based on using substitution by AES algorithm in encryption and its inverse in Decryption. In the second phase, shifting and rotation were used based on secrete key in each channel depending on the result from the chaotic map, 2D logistic map and the output was processed and used for the encryption algorithm. It is known from earlier studies that simple encryption of images based on the scheme of shuffling is insecure in the face of chosen cipher text attacks. Later, an extended algorithm has been projected. This algorithm performs well against chosen cipher text attacks. In addition, the proposed approach was analyzed for NPCR, UACI (Unified Average Changing Intensity), and Entropy analysis for determining its strength.
Preventing, producing, or reducing harm? Fitness doping risk and enabling environments

Abstract Policies and approaches addressing image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) use in the gym and fitness context, also known as fitness doping, vary widely by country. Fitness doping, and those who participate in it, maybe met with individual-level strategies ranging from criminal penalties to harm reduction efforts. This research compares two distinct approaches to fitness doping: Sweden’s prevention-based approach and Scotland’s harm reduction approach. Drawing on the risk environment framework, we show how national-level policies around possession, sale, and use that represent different approaches to IPEDs structure how to use is understood and experienced using two case studies: Sweden’s national PRODIS program and a steroid clinic in Glasgow, Scotland. The results highlight how individuals and communities respond to environmental constraints around IPEDs. Restrictive anti-doping environments produce a range of risks for people who use these substances and may prevent harm reduction. Less restrictive environments may allow for more harm reducing work, but the remaining prohibitions may still produce social, economic, and policy risks. We argue that formal harm reduction focused on the health and needs of those who use IPEDs offers an environment in which safer use is supported and promoted.
Re‐elucidation of the acid‐catalyzed urea–formaldehyde reactions: A theoretical and 13C‐NMR study

The acid-catalyzed urea–formaldehyde reactions were reexamined in detail by using quantum chemistry method and 13C-NMR determinations. Some issues in the synthesis theory that were not well understood previously have been addressed and clarified. The identified reaction mechanisms and calculated energy barriers suggest that the competitive formations of methylene and methylene ether linkages are kinetically affected by both reaction energy barriers and steric hindrance effect. The thermodynamic properties determine that the methylene linkages are dominant at the late condensation stage. The theoretical results well rationalized the observed different changing processes of resin structures with different F/U molar ratios. The previously proposed mechanism for transformation of methylene ether linkage to methylene linkage cannot explain the structural changes during condensation, and thus, other mechanisms were proposed. The calculated results for uron explained the fact that the formation of such structure is much slower than other structures under weak acidic condition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44339.
Fortis-lenis vs voiced-voiceless plosives in Welsh

This paper questions the voiceless-voiced distinction of Welsh consonants and claims that the fortis-lenis distinction is more appropriate for the description of the language. In light of research results of theoretical as well as experimental investigations into Welsh, e.g. the vowel-coda length dependence discovered by Asmus and Grawunder (2017), advocated further research into that matter, seeing also that the fortis-lenis distinction establishes a firm link to focal properties of Welsh, such as morpheme-initial consonant mutations (mICM). It was, therefore, decided to look at potential phonetic features that would contribute to the postulated distinction. These features are aspiration, voicing, hold phase duration and the centre of gravity (abbreviated to CoG) in the articulation of Welsh plosives. Preliminary results of the study discussed in this paper were summarised in “Fortis-lenis or Voiced-voiceless – features of Welsh consonants” (Asmus et al. 2019). However, expanding our research has yielded more comprehensive findings. As a result, it appears that the two series of plosives under review are different in terms of all features studied, but it is aspiration that is of major importance (thus confirming classifications of Welsh as an aspiration language).
Internal seiches in a karstic mesotrophic lake (Prošće, Plitvice Lakes, Croatia)

A lake temperature experiment was performed at the Prošće, Plitvice Lakes, Croatia during a 4-month observational period (6 July–4 November, 2019) to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of internal seiches in the lake. Two-minute mean lake temperatures were measured at a single lake point at fifteen depths ranging from 0.2 to 27 m. Analysis of these data provided insight into the previously unknown and rather complex Prošće Lake seiching. Power spectral densities (PSDs) and magnitude-squared coherences (γ2), together with corresponding cross-spectrum phases that were obtained from the hourly mean lake temperature, air pressure and wind speed data, suggested the presence of three vertical modes of an internal seiche. The first mode (V1H1, period of 6.09 h) corresponds to free baroclinic oscillations; the second mode (V2H1, period of 11.64 h) and the third mode (V3H1, period of 25.60 h) are associated with forced baroclinic oscillations of the lake interior. Excitation of the higher vertical modes is attributed to the influence of dense tributary water. Due to this water influence, vertical temperature gradients in the lake interior were relatively weak; consequently, a single thick metalimnion and/or two metalimnetic layers were established, which resulted in the presence of the V2H1 and V3H1 modes, respectively. Additionally, due to the influence of tributary water, the lake did not attain the typical stratification that is characterized by hypolimnetic temperatures of ≈ 4°C. Instead, during the entire observational period, the hypolimnetic temperatures were consistently above 7.6 °C.
The Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Cellular Sterol Regulation

by Eimear Mary Mullen Soy consumption is known to reduce serum cholesterol levels, thereby decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the physiological mechanisms and the components of soy that are responsible for this effect are not known. It is our hypothesis that the hypocholesterolemic effects of soy are mediated at least in part by isoflavonemediated regulation of the Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins (SREBPs) and the Sterol Regulatory Element(SRE) regulated genes. In HepG2 cells exposed to isoflavones, an increase in the mature form of SREBP2 and a corresponding increase in the expression of the SRE-regulated genes HMGCR, HMG CoA synthase and the LDL receptor was observed. The observed isoflavonemediated increase was found to be blunted by the presence of cholesterol. To see if similar results could be observed in vivo, we carried out a 10 day soy feeding study in C57BL/6J mice. Male mice fed isoflavone-containing soy exhibited enhanced decreases in serum lipid levels compared to female mice. While there was a slight increase in hepatic SREBP-2 protein levels in isoflavone fed mice, there was no effect on SREregulated gene expression. We then investigated the mechanism by which the
In vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Activity of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants: Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina L.) and Guava (Psidium guajava Del.)

This study was aimed at assessing antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and guava (Psidium guajava) leaf in different extracting solvents (absolute ethanol, 70% ethanol and 50% ethanol) via in vitro assays including; Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging, metal chelating activity, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. The results obtained indicated that both medicinal plants are antioxidant reservoir. The TPC and TFC of P. guajava was more in all the extracting solvents compared to V. amygdalina. The Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) of P. guajava for DPPH radical scavenging were; absolute ethanol (1.564 µg mLG1 ), 70% ethanol (1.723 µg mLG1 ), 50% ethanol (4.102 µg mLG1 ) while V. amygdalina were; absolute ethanol (33.18 µg mLG1 ), 70% ethanol (56.21 µg mLG1 ), 50% ethanol (73.46 µg mLG1 ). Both DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelating activities of the two medicinal plants were dependent on the amount of phenols and flavonoids in the extract. The absorbance values for both reducing power and total antioxidant capacity of the two extracts also indicated their antioxidant potentials. Thus, the results obtained from the current study are indications of the possible use of the two plants in combating free radical related diseases often orchestrated by oxidative stress conditions, especially P. guajava since it showed more antioxidant activities than V. amygdalina following the in vitro results.
Assessing the Value of Agroecosystem Services in Warmia and Mazury Province Using Choice Experiments

Due to the often-intangible benefits of agroecosystem services (AES), their cultural, social, and economic value is very difficult to quantify and integrate into decision-making and policy-making processes. The aim of this study is to assess the non-market values of AES in an exceptionally environmentally rich area of the Warmia and Mazury region (Poland), identifying consumers’ preferences for them using the choice experiment (CE) method. Four AES attributes were selected for the research: (i) water quality; (ii) wildlife populations; and (iii) agricultural landscape. The study has revealed that the residents of Warmia and Mazury region were concerned about environmental issues that may be caused by agriculture. There was a demand for the provision of AES. The application of multinomial logit (MNL) model has revealed that marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) values were the highest for water quality (EUR 1.94), followed by wildlife population (EUR 1.02) and agricultural landscape (EUR 0.85). The findings have provided quantitative information related to the demand for improvements in AES through agri-environmental protection programs.
Psychological Reactance and Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Overview of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM)

Compliance with health protocols plays an important role in minimizing the spread of Covid-19. However, Indonesia is still facing a robust challenge including non-compliance to persuasive recommendations or messages (psychological reactance) and belief in conspiracy theories. Issues related to conspiracy theories and theories had obscured the message for the people to keep their behavior safe from the virus. The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) is a theory that explains how people would obey the messages they received, particularly health messages. Perception of threats and efficacy contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the message people received. In this article, we discussed four psychological conditions that possess the chance to affect society's threats and efficacy to comply with health protocols. These conditions were viewed from social, clinical, and industrial-organizational psychology perspectives. Four solutions to cope with non-compliance tendencies were also proposed. We suggest that these solutions should be applied to strengthen the tendency for people to obey health protocols.
Machine learning method for computation of optimal transitions in magnetic nanosystems

Minimum energy path (MEP) is an important tool for computation of activation barriers and transition rates for magnetic systems. Recently, new methods for numeric computation of MEP were proposed based on conjugate gradient and L-BFGS methods [1] signiﬁcantly improved convergence rate compared to nudged elastic band (NEB) method. Due to lack of strict mathematical theory for MEP optimization other more effective methods are expected to exist. In this article, we propose a machine learning based approach to search for MEP computation methods. We reformulate the NEB method as a differentiable transformation in the space of all paths parametrized by a family of metaparameters. Using rate of convergence as the loss function, we train NEB optimizer to ﬁnd optimal metaparameters. This meta learning technique can be the basis for deriving new optimization methods for computing MEP and other non-classical optimization problems.
Benthic wildlife underwater video recording during longline survey in Weddell Sea

Non-extractive method for the benthic wildlife study using the underwater video system (UVS) recording was provided during the research survey with the bottom longline in the northwestern part of the Weddell Sea. At the longline survey stations the data on wind direction and speed, state of the sea, air temperature, cloudiness, ice concentration, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, depth and coordinates of the anchor setting, direction of the longline set also were collected. It was found that the UVS with additional light during video recording does not disturb the animal behavior at depths of 700–1100 m in the study area. Three UVS observations have been described. The slope of the northwestern part of the Weddell Sea can be considered as spawning site of squid (Slosarczykovia circumantarctica). The data indicate wide distribution of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and Antarctic jonasfish (Notolepis coatsi) in the area. The high density of the adult Antarctic jonasfish in a single place has never been recorded before. Preliminary observations and analysis of video recordings showed that the shooting lighting andobservation distance are sufficient for observing and identifying animals, their behavior and movement. This technique will allow estimating the relative species abundance and size distribution.
Synthesis, characterization and photo-catalytic performance of meso-porous Si–N co-doped nano-spherical anatase TiO2 with high thermal stability

Meso-porous Si–N co-doped nano-spherical anatase TiO2 with high thermal stability and good photo-catalytic activity was successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method. Mono-dispersed amorphous Si-doped TiO2 nano-spherical micelles were produced first, through slow hydrolysis of tetrabutyl-orthotitanate (TBOT) and tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS) at room temperature. Then, they were hydrothermally treated in a C2H5OH/H2O suspension using hexa-methylene-tetramine (HMT) as a nitrogen source. The final product was obtained after thermal treatment. The successful incorporation of Si and N into the TiO2 lattice was confirmed by EDS, FTIR and XPS analyses. The synergetic effect of Si and N plays an important role in improving the photo-catalytic activity. The experimental results and the first-principles density functional calculations showed that the incorporation of N enhances the visible-light-driven photo-catalytic activity, while the incorporation of Si stabilizes the anatase and prevents the oxidation of N at high temperatures.
Self-assembly and mechanochromic luminescence switching of trifluoromethyl substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives

The synthesis, self-assembly and mechanochromic properties of a series of oxadiazole derivatives (TFOXD1, TFOXD4, TFOXD6 and TFOXD8) substituted with a dialkoxy stilbene and trifluoromethyl benzene moieties are reported. All the derivatives formed stable gels in aliphatic solvents and with the exception of TFOXD1 exhibited monotropic liquid crystalline behavior. The photophysical properties of their films and gels were dependent on the length of their alkoxy substituent, with the formation of excimers being observed in the derivatives containing longer alkoxy chains. TFOXD4 and TFOXD6 exhibited reversible mechanochromic luminescence switching. XRD studies confirmed the reversible phase transformation between crystalline and amorphous forms.
Examination of the Factors That Influence Public Perception of Mythically-Based Human Behavior in Disaster Conditions

Starting from the importance of risk perception for taking certain preventive measures to protect people and their property from disasters, the subject of the research is to examine the factors influencing public perception of mythically-based human behavior in disaster conditions. Using the random sampling method, 250 adult respondents were surveyed in the city of Belgrade, using a specially created and adapted survey questionnaire. The results of the research show that there is no statistically significant influence of gender, age, educational and economic factors on the public perception of human behavior in disaster conditions. The results of the research can be used to improve strategies and campaigns based on risk assessment, aimed at improving the safety of people in disasters.
Effects of the FSW Parameters on Microstructure and Electrical Properties in Al 6061-T6- Cu C11000 Plate Joints

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a feasible welding process to join dissimilar materials due to its solid-state nature. In this study the FSW of 6061-T6 aluminum with pure Cu plates was performed with the objective of evaluating the effects of the FSW parameters on the microstructure and electrical properties. The processing parameters (rotational and traverse speeds) were established to reduce the common defects in the friction-stir welding process. Therefore, the obtained results validated the better mechanical properties and a smaller increase of the electrical resistivity. The rotational speeds used were of 1000, 1150, and 1300 rpm, and the traverse speeds of 20, 40, and 60 mm/min, with the purpose of varying the heat input of the process. The microstructural characterization revealed the presence of a mixture of aluminum and copper into the weld zone, along with copper particles and the formation of intermetallic compounds. It was found that the electrical resistivity of the joints ranged from 0.029 to 0.036 μΩ. The highest electrical resistivity values were obtained at the lowest traverse speed (20 mm/min) and the lowest resistivity values were obtained at highest traverse speed (60 mm/min).
Application of Optical Diagnostics to Support the Development of Industrial Gas Turbine Combustors

The present study is concerned with the application of state-of-the-art optical measurement techniques for the detailed investigation of combustion systems of stationary gas turbines. By using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) with acetone as tracer imaging measurements of the fuel/air mixture at atmospheric pressure and at non-reacting conditions were accomplished with different burner types. For this purpose optically accessible test rigs as well as a special facility for the supply with necessary tracer mass flows were developed and taken into operation. The results of the tracer-LIF measurements were compared to results of classical suction-probe measurements. It could be shown that the tracer LIF measurements offer clear advantages regarding the spatial resolution as well as the necessary time for the execution of a measurement. Moreover, contrary to the suction-probe measurements, the tracer-LIF measurements for the first time allow the investigation of unsteady phenomena. Additionally, the recorded mixture data serve as a new reference for the validation of numerical simulations. A first comparison with steady RANS CFD results within the context of this study could already lead to optimized parameters for these simulations. For the investigation of the flame behavior in high pressure combustion tests a water-cooled probe was developed which provides optical access to the combustion chamber with minimum impact on the examined system. The probe was applied for both spectroscopic as well as imaging measurements of the flame luminescence at gas turbine relevant thermodynamic boundary conditions. For the imaging measurements different combinations of optical filters were installed in front of the camera system in order to selectively record OH*, CH* or CO2*. Pressure fluctuations inside the combustion chamber were recorded simultaneously to the camera images. A correlation of the recorded images with the pressure fluctuations by using a phase-sorting algorithm gave new inside of the processes within the combustion chamber during the occurrence of combustion instabilities. Altogether the optical measurement techniques applied in the frame of this study enabled new insights into the complex processes during fuel/air mixing as well as during combustion at gas turbine relevant boundary conditions. The new knowledge won thereby will make an important contribution for the further development of gas turbine combustion systems.
Assessment of Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Tinospora Cordifolia & Juglans Regia Composite Extract in STZ Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats

The present study explored the assessment of the antidiabetic potential of Tinospora cordifolia & Juglans regia composite extract in STZ induced diabetes in wistar rats. As streptozotocin -associated infiltrations of increase glucose level has been reported to be responsible for diabetes. We evaluated the glucose lowering potential of Tinospora cordifolia & Juglans regia on the basis of its anti-diabetic property. Rats were administered streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p., once) with nicotinamide (120mg/kg) to induce experimental toxicity. The development of diabetes was assessed biochemically as well as histologically 72 hours after induction of diabetes. Body weight and blood glucose levels were determined in (0, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th) days. Serum lipid profile and enzyme estimated, (kidney, liver, pancreas) tissue was measured at the end of the experimental period. Treatment with composite extracts TCAE high dose (350 gm/kg b.w.) & JRAE high dose (800 mg/kg b.w.) and TCHE high dose (350 gm/kg b.w.) & JRHE high dose (800 mg/kg b.w.) were noted to be more effective against the streptozotocin- induced toxicity as compared to Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.). it may be concluded that streptozotocin-induced glucose may be accountable for the induction of diabetes toxicity in rats. Interestingly, improvement in body weight, glucose level, lipid profiles, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in kidney, liver and pancreas was observed following herbal treatment in STZ induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, composite extract of TCAE (350mg/kg b.w.) & JRAE (800mg/kg b.w.) was found to be efficacious than the composite extract of TCHE (350mg/kg b.w.) & JRHE (800mg/kg b.w.).