Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Component reduction in N = 2 supergravity : the vector , tensor , and vector-tensor multiplets

Recent advances in curved N = 2 superspace methods have rendered the component reduction of superspace actions more feasible than in the past. In this paper, we consider models involving both vector and tensor multiplets coupled to supergravity and demonstrate explicitly how component actions may be efficiently obtained. In addition, tensor multiplets coupled to conformal supergravity are considered directly within projective superspace, where their formulation is most natural. We then demonstrate how the inverse procedure — the lifting of component results to superspace — can simplify the analysis of complicated multiplets. We address the off-shell N = 2 vector-tensor multiplet coupled to conformal supergravity with a central charge and demonstrate explicitly how its constraints and Lagrangian can be written in a simpler way using superfields.
Mathieu moonshine and N = 2 string compactiﬁcations

: There is a ‘Mathieu moonshine’ relating the elliptic genus of K 3 to the sporadic group M 24 . Here, we give evidence that this moonshine extends to part of the web of dualities connecting heterotic strings compactiﬁed on K 3 × T 2 to type IIA strings compactiﬁed on Calabi-Yau threefolds. We demonstrate that dimensions of M 24 representations govern the new supersymmetric index of the heterotic compactiﬁcations, and appear in the Gromov-Witten invariants of the dual Calabi-Yau threefolds, which are elliptic ﬁbrations over the Hirzebruch surfaces F n .
On the integrability of planar N = 2 superconformal gauge theories

: We study the integrability properties of planar N = 2 superconformal ﬁeld theories in four dimensions. We show that the spin chain associated to the planar dilation operator of N = 2 superconformal QCD fails to be integrable at two loops. In our analysis we focus on a closed SU(2 | 1) sector, whose two-loop spin chain we ﬁx by symmetry arguments (up to a few undetermined coeﬃcients). It turns out that the Yang-Baxter equation for magnon scattering is not satisﬁed in this sector. On the other hand, we suggest that the closed SU(2 , 1 | 2) sector, which exists in any N = 2 superconformal gauge theory, may be integrable to all loops. We summarize the known results in the literature that are consistent with this conjecture.
Phase structure of lattice N = 4 super Yang-Mills

: We make a ﬁrst study of the phase diagram of four-dimensional N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory regulated on a space-time lattice. The lattice formulation we employ is both gauge invariant and retains at all lattice spacings one exactly preserved supersymmetry charge. Our numerical results are consistent with the existence of a single deconﬁned phase at all observed values of the bare coupling.
Notes on adding D6 branes wrapping RP 3 in AdS 4 × CP 3

: We deform the N = 6 Chern Simons theory by adding extra matter hypermultiplets in a fundamental representation of one or both gauge groups. We compute the quantum corrected moduli space. We verify that the holographic dual of the modiﬁed theory consists of the usual AdS 4 × CP 3 background in presence of AdS 4 ﬁlling D6 branes which wrap RP 3 ⊂ CP 3 . We extend the correspondence to a similar modiﬁcation of more general known N = 3 dual pairs.
Massive N = 2 gauge theories at large N

Using exact results obtained from localization on S4, we explore the large N limit of N = 2 super Yang-Mills theories with massive matter multiplets. We focus on three cases: N = 2∗ theory, describing a massive hypermultiplet in the adjoint representation, SU(N) super-Yang-Mills with 2N massive hypermultiplets in the fundamental, and super QCD with massive quarks. When the radius of the four-sphere is sent to infinity the theories at hand are described by solvable matrix models, which exhibit a number of interesting phenomena including quantum phase transitions at finite ’t Hooft coupling.
On the geometrical and mechanical multi-aspect optimization of PPy/MWCNT actuators

Polypyrrole (PPy) conducting polymers as one of the most well-known actuation materials have shown numerous applications in a variety of fields such as biomedical devices as well as biomimetic robotics. This study investigates the multiobjective optimization of a PPy/MWCNTs actuator through an electrochemomechanical model. The multilayer actuator is composed of a PVDF layer, as the core membrane and an electrolyte reservoir, as well as two one layer of a conjugated polymer and one layer of multiwalled carbon nanotubes deposited on each side of the PVDF layer. In order to obtain the optimum values for each decision variable (i.e., geometrical and electrochemical), the two main outputs of the bending actuator, the tip displacement and blocking force, have been mathematically modeled and formulated as the objective functions. A multiobjective optimization algorithm is applied to simultaneously maximize the blocking force and tip displacement generated by the actuator. Furthermore, a range for each design variable is defined within which none of the objective functions of the film-type actuator dominates the other one while they are both kept within an acceptable range. The results obtained from the mathematical model are experimentally verified. Moreover, in order to determine the performance of the fabricated actuator, its outputs are compared with their counterparts of a neat PPy actuator.
Iteratively reweighted partial least squares: A performance analysis by monte carlo simulation

A robust implementation of partial least squares (PLS) is developed in which the method of iteratively reweighted least squares is adapted for use with PLS. The result is a PLS algorithm which is robust to outliers and is easy to implement. Examples and case studies are presented, followed by two Monte Carlo studies designed to explore the behavior of the method.
An exact formula for the radiation of a moving quark in N = 4 super Yang Mills

: We derive an exact formula for the cusp anomalous dimension at small angles. This is done by relating the latter to the computation of certain 1/8 BPS Wilson loops which was performed by supersymmetric localization. This function of the coupling also determines the power emitted by a moving quark in N = 4 super Yang Mills, as well as the coeﬃcient of the two point function of the displacement operator on the Wilson loop. By a similar method we compute the near BPS expansion of the generalized cusp anomalous dimension.
Existence of Nonexpansive Retractions for Amenable Semigroups of Nonexpansive Mappings and Nonlinear Ergodic Theorems in Banach Spaces

In this paper, we study nonlinear ergodic properties for an amenable semigroup of nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space. We prove that ifSis an amenable semigroup and S={Tt: t∈S} is a nonexpansive semigroup on a closed, convex subsetCin a uniformly convex Banach spaceEsuch that the setF(S) of common fixed points of S is nonempty, then there exists a nonexpansive retractionPfromContoF(S) such thatPTt=TtP=Pfor eacht∈SandPx∈co{Ttx: t∈S} for eachx∈C. In this case, there exists a net {Aα} of finite averages of S such that for eacht∈Sand for each bounded subsetBofC, limα ‖AαTtx−Aαx‖=0 and limα ‖TtAαx−Aαx‖ =0 uniformly forx∈B. Also, if the norm ofEis Frechet differentiable, then for eachx∈C,Pxis the unique common fixed point in ∩s∈S co{Ttsx: t∈S}. Furthermore, if {μα} is an asymptotically invariant net of means, then for eachx∈C, {Tμαx} converges weakly toPx.
Observed Long-Term Trends for Agroclimatic Conditions in Canada

A set of agroclimatic indices representing Canadian climatic conditions for field crop production are analyzed for long-term trends during 1895–2007. The indices are categorized for three crop types: cool season, warm season, and overwintering. Results indicate a significant lengthening of the growing season due to a significantly earlier start and a significantly later end of the growing season. Significant positive trends are also observed for effective growing degree-days and crop heat units at most locations across the country. The occurrence of extremely low temperatures has become less frequent during the nongrowing season, implying a more favorable climate for overwinter survival. In addition, the total numbers of cool days, frost days, and killing-frost days within a growing season have a decreasing trend. This means that crops may also be less vulnerable to cold stress and injury during the growing season. Extreme daily precipitation amounts and 10-day precipitation totals during the growing season have been increasing. Significant trends associated with increased availability of water during the growing season are identified by the standardized precipitation index and seasonal water deficits. The benefit of the increased precipitation may have been offset by an upward trend in evaporative demand; however, this would depend on the amount of growth and productivity resulting from increased actual evapotranspiration.
Beyond urbanization, regional settlement pattern in south-eastern Levant during the Early Bronze Age

In the southern Levant, urbanization is the prevailing model used when interpreting the settlement history and material culture changes observed during the Early Bronze (EB) II–III periods. Several scholars question the dominance of this interpretative model. They point out differences between settlement organization and site morphology data, and the situation depicted by the traditional urban model. Beyond this monolithic narrative, other models are appearing. Models that highlight the large spectrum of settlement variability and regional networks, and express doubts about social hierarchy and intensive production. In these approaches, grounded on facts rather than theoretical a priori, the development of sub-regional analyses is needed, with a broader chronological scope not limited by the pace of urbanization. The existence of several well-preserved sites in south-eastern Syria allows a relatively accurate picture of the different settlements, mainly occupied by communities of mobile pastoralists, to be drawn. The image that emerges from the diachronic presentation of several of these sites is specific to the region: here the traditional architectural elements of urban societies are used differently, in a context where rurality and nomadism prevail, and where the border with the urban world is difficult to establish. Moreover, no evolutionary continuity is perceptible. Even when the characteristics of the sub-region are taken into account, the observations made necessitate the reformulation of the over-generalizing model of southern Levantine urbanization.
Teaching Mathematics at the College Level: International TAs' Transitional Experiences

Abstract This article examines the transition process of 14 international teaching assistants (TAs), who teach mathematics courses in U.S. college contexts. In particular, this study documents several major aspects of changes in their teaching, including their curriculum choice and instructional practices over time. This study reveals how the institutional contexts and the TAs' subjective knowledge shaped their teaching as well as prospects for professional development. Findings reveal that their instructional adaptation process reflects their psychological conversion process, which entailed ironic consequences in their final choice of curriculum and instructional practices. Implications for their professional development are discussed from constructivist teaching perspectives.
Three‐dimensional and twisted: An MHD interpretation of on‐disk observational characteristics of coronal mass ejections

A physical interpretation of observed coronal “on-disk” manifestations of an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) is presented. The fundamental question of how the CME's magnetic field and its plasma distribution are related is largely unanswered, because a crucial piece of the puzzle, that is the three-dimensional (3-D) morphology of the CME, remains difficult to ascertain so long as coronal observations are limited to projections onto a single plane of the sky. In order to understand the relationship between observations of CMEs projected at the solar limb and those projected on the solar disk, some sort of model of the 3-D CME is required. In this paper we address both the question of the 3-D morphology of the CME and the more fundamental question of the nature of the plasma-magnetic field relationship, by comparing the limb and on-disk CME representations of an analytic 3-D MHD model based on a spheromak-type flux rope magnetic field configuration. In particular, we show that the morphology of twin dimmings (also referred to as transient coronal holes) observed in X ray and EUV can be reproduced by the CME model as the on-disk projection of the prominence cavity modeled for limb CMEs. Moreover, the bright core of a limb CME, generally corresponding to the material in an erupting prominence, may be interpreted to be the S-shaped central core of the modeled on-disk CME, splitting the cavity into twin dimmings when observed head-on without obstruction. The magnetic field structure of this central core exhibits many of a filament's magnetic field features required to match observations. Finally, we consider the nature of S-shaped filaments and X-ray “sigmoids” in the context of the model, in terms of localized heating and cooling acting on the modeled CME magnetic field structure.
Experimental Study of a Scramjet Nozzle Flow using the Pressure Sensitive Paint Method

An experimental study on scramjet nozzle flows was carried out at the German Aerospace Center. The tests were performed at a free-stream Mach number of 7 in the hypersonic wind tunnel H2K in Cologne. The Reynolds number in the tunnel flow was varied in order to study the performance of the scramjet nozzle at different flight altitudes. The effects of different nozzle pressure ratios were investigated and compared. The static pressure distribution on the single expansion ramp was measured by both the Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP) Method and PSI pressure transducers. The PSP method enables one to gain detailed field information about the pressure distribution on the entire nozzle surface. A Pitot rake was used to measure the Pitot pressure distribution in the nozzle wake. The data obtained by the different measurement techniques permitted a characterization of the nozzle flow and gave an insight into the properties of scramjet nozzle flows.
Physiotherapists Using the Biopsychosocial Model for Chronic Pain: Barriers and Facilitators—A Scoping Review

The use of the biopsychosocial model in primary care physiotherapy for chronic pain is far from the recommendations given in research and current guidelines. To understand why physiotherapists have difficulty implementing a biopsychosocial approach, more insight is needed on the barriers and facilitators. This scoping review aimed to investigate and map these barriers and facilitators that physiotherapists working in primary care reportedly face when treating patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain from a biopsychosocial perspective. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and ERIC) and the grey literature were searched. Studies were included if they investigated the experiences of physiotherapists in the treatment of chronic pain from a biopsychosocial perspective in primary care. Extracted data were discussed and sub grouped in themes following a qualitative content analysis approach. To align with current use of theories on behavior change, the resulting themes were compared to the Theoretical Domains Framework. After screening, twenty-four studies were included. Eight groups of barriers and facilitators were identified, thematically clustered in six themes: knowledge, skills, and attitudes; environmental context and resources; role clarity; confidence; therapeutic alliance; and patient expectations. The results of this review can be used to inform the development of implementation programs.
Analysis of optical emission from high-aluminum AlGaN quantum-well structures

The letter presents theoretical analysis of spontaneous emission in AlGaN wurtzite quantum wells. It is found that the combined effects of strain, internal electric field, and many-body Coulomb interactions lead to a significant dependence of optical properties on quantum-well configuration. In particular, the effects of the internal electric field are mitigated for certain Al concentration in the quantum well. Calculations of the emitted photon energy show good agreement with experimental measurements. Presented results are of interest for applications such as ultraviolet light-emitting diodes and lasers.
Electronic-Structure of Anatase Tio2 Oxide

Photoemission spectromicroscopy was used to investigate the electronic structure of TiO2 anatase single crystals and polycrystalline thin films. The stoichiometry and the degree of oxidation of as-grown crystals, as-deposited films, as well as of thermally annealed samples in different atmospheres, were analyzed, based on the Ti 2p and O 1s core levels, with an energy resolution of 0.4 eV. The experimental density of states (DOS) was found to be in agreement with the theoretical DOS reported in the literature for anatase crystals, and shows some characteristics similar to the experimental DOS reported for rutile crystals. In reduced samples, the experimental DOS is characterized by intense emission in the region of O 2p bonding orbitals, and does not exhibit an appreciable density of states in the band gap. As-grown crystals exhibit small band gap emission (a few percent of the valence band VB signal) at about 0.8 eV, which is attributed to Ti3+ (3d) defect states. Annealing the crystals at high temperatures in O2 or subsequent thermal reduction in an Ar-H2 Mixture (95%-5%) produces nearly stoichiometric surfaces with smaller or undetectable density of Ti3+ States. In addition, some redistribution of the spectral weight is observed in the VB spectra.
Chylous Ascites Pointing Toward an Internal Hernia in the Setting of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Case Report

Chylous ascites is a rare but significant complication of a variety of surgical procedures. It is an uncommon complication of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRGYB). The underlying etiology is assumed to be an internal hernia, in which the hernia causes lymphatic channel engorgement and lymphatic extravasation. We present the case of a 34-year-old male who had a history of LRGYB a year back and had been experiencing gradually worsening, colicky abdominal pain radiating to the right flank for the last 24 hours. Laparoscopic exploration revealed chylous ascites due to internal herniation owing to the complication of LRYGB. Classic signs of internal hernias such as mesenteric swirl were absent on the computed tomography scan of the abdomen.
Comparative Analysis of the Potential for Germ Cell (GC) Differentiation of Bovine Peripheral Blood Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (PB-MSC) and Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC) in Co-Culture System with Sertoli Cells (SC)

Simple Summary The primary function of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) in the testis is to produce germ cells (GC) and sperm. This function may be recreated under laboratory conditions using in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems. This technology may be used for the treatment of men infertility and in animals for dissemination of elite genetics and conservation of endangered species; however, SSC are scarce and difficult to culture. Potentially, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from peripheral blood (PB-MSC) may also be candidates for GC production, due to their simplicity for culture and differentiation capacity. The aim of the present study was to compare the potential for production of GC of bull PB-MSC and SSC using an in vitro 3D co-culture system with Sertoli cells (SC). Samples of PB-MSC or SSC co-cultures with SC were collected on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and analyzed for pluripotency, GC and mesenchymal gene expression. Co-culture of bull PB-MSC or SSC+SC in 3D resulted in differential expression of genes associated to pluripotency and GC differentiation. In conclusion, profiles of expression of pluripotency and GC genes indicate that SSC display a more robust GC differentiation profile compared to PB-MSC, when co-cultured in a 3D system with SC. Abstract Although spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) constitute primary candidates for in vitro germ cell (GC) derivation, they are scarce and difficult to maintain in an undifferentiated state. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are also candidates for GC derivation due to their simplicity for culture and multipotential for transdifferentiation. The aim of the present study was to compare the GC differentiation potentials of bull peripheral blood-derived MSC (PB-MSC) and SSC using an in vitro 3D co-culture system with Sertoli cells (SC). Samples of PB-MSC or SSC co-cultures with SC were collected on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and analyzed for pluripotency, GC and mesenchymal marker expression. Co-culture of PB-MSC+SC resulted in down-regulation of NANOG and up-regulation of OCT4 at day 7. In comparison, co-culture of SSC+SC resulted in consistent expression of NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 at day 14. During co-culture, SSC+SC increased the expression of DAZL, PIWIL2, FRAGILIS and STELLA and activated the expression of STRA8, whereas co-culture of PB-MSC+SC only increased the expression of DAZL and PIWIL2. Thus, co-culture of bull PB-MSC+SC and SSC+SC in 3D SACS results in differential expression of pluripotency and GC markers, where bull SSC display a more robust GC differentiation profile compared to PB-MSC.
Rigorous test of non-conformal holography: Wilson loops in N = 2 ∗ theory

: N = 2 ∗ gauge theory in four space-time dimensions arises as a deformation of the parent N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory under which its hypermultiplet ac-quires a mass. This theory, on the one hand, has a known supergravity dual and on the other hand is amenable to localization. We explain, using localization, a dynamical selection of the supergravity Coulomb branch vacuum at large N . We also demonstrate that large Wilson loops obey perimeter law, again ﬁnding exact match between direct ﬁeld-theory calculations and string theory. Additionally, we compute free energy at large ’t Hooft coupling.
Revisiting the Faint Blue Galaxy Problem

We have investigated whether the pure luminosity evolution (PLE) model in a flat universe with cosmological constant Λ can explain the faint blue galaxy (FBG) problem in light of recent observations of a morphologically divided number count, redshift distribution, and color distribution. While the original FBG problem means an inconsistency between the total number count and redshift distribution at around B > 22mag, we consider here the FBG problem in a broader context. In particular, we pay attention to an evolution model of irregular galaxies, of which predictions from the standard model disagree with recent observations. In addition to the standard ‘S model’ with slow star formation, we introduce a non-standard ‘R model’ with rapid star formation for irregular galaxies, and investigate the properties of the sum of these models (S+R model). The observed total number count and redshift distribution in the B-band can be well reproduced by the PLE model in a Λ-dominated universe. As for irregular galaxies, while the S model underproduces the observed count, the S+R model can account for the observation. Considering that the observed color distribution of faint irregular galaxies is very broad, we propose a possibility that irregular galaxies are composed of at least two populations.