Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESA: Recurrent Feature-Shift Aggregator for Lane Detection

Lane detection is one of the most important tasks in self-driving. Due to various complex scenarios (e.g., severe occlusion, ambiguous lanes, etc.) and the sparse supervisory signals inherent in lane annotations, lane detection task is still challenging. Thus, it is difficult for the ordinary convolutional neural network (CNN) to train in general scenes to catch subtle lane feature from the raw image. In this paper, we present a novel module named REcurrent Feature-Shift Aggregator (RESA) to enrich lane feature after preliminary feature extraction with an ordinary CNN. RESA takes advantage of strong shape priors of lanes and captures spatial relationships of pixels across rows and columns. It shifts sliced feature map recurrently in vertical and horizontal directions and enables each pixel to gather global information. RESA can conjecture lanes accurately in challenging scenarios with weak appearance clues by aggregating sliced feature map. Moreover, we propose a Bilateral Up-Sampling Decoder that combines coarse-grained and fine-detailed features in the up-sampling stage. It can recover the low-resolution feature map into pixel-wise prediction meticulously. Our method achieves state-of-the-art results on two popular lane detection benchmarks (CULane and Tusimple). Code has been made available at: https://github.com/ZJULearning/resa.
Dust distribution around low-mass planets on converging orbits

Context. Super-Earths can form at large orbital radii and migrate inward due to tidal interactions with the circumstellar disk. In this scenario, convergent migration may occur and lead to the formation of resonant pairs of planets. Aims. We explore the conditions under which convergent migration and resonance capture take place, and what dynamical consequences can be expected on the dust distribution surrounding the resonant pair. Methods. We combine hydrodynamic planet–disk interaction models with dust evolution calculations to investigate the signatures produced in the dust distribution by a pair of planets in mean-motion resonances. Results. We find that convergent migration takes place when the outer planet is the more massive. However, convergent migration also depends on the local properties of the disk, and divergent migration may result as well. For similar disk parameters, the capture in low degree resonances (e.g., 2:1 or 3:2) is preferred close to the star where the resonance strength can more easily overcome the tidal torques exerted by the gaseous disk. Farther away from the star, convergent migration may result in capture in high degree resonances. The dust distribution shows potentially observable features typically when the planets are trapped in a 2:1 resonance. In other cases, with higher degree resonances (e.g., 5:4 or 6:5) dust features may not be sufficiently pronounced to be easily observable. Conclusions. The degree of resonance established by a pair of super-Earths may be indicative of the location in the disk where capture occurred. There can be significant differences in the dust distribution around a single super-Earth and a pair of super-Earths in resonance.
Survival and cause-specific mortality of adult fox squirrels in Southwestern Georgia

Survival estimates are important for understanding and managing wildlife populations. 1 used radiotelemetry to estimate survival and cause-specific mortality of a non-harvested fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) population in southwestern Georgia. United States. Adult fox squirrels (n = 101) were monitored continuously from March 1998 to December 1999. I determined the cause of death to be predation in 7 cases, disease in 5 cases, and unknown in 12 cases. Sex and season-specific mortalities were independent of the cause of mortality; therefore, I omitted cause of mortality from subsequent analyses. I did not detect differences in seasonal survival between males and females (P=0.27) or among seasons (P=0.52). When sexes were pooled, seasonal survival (± SE) ranged from 0.86 ± 0.07 to 0.92 ± 0.02. Annual survival of males (0.73 ± 0.07) and females (0.66 ± 0.07) was similar (P=0.60). When sexes were pooled, annual survival was 0.69 ± 0.07. High fox squirrel survivorship, relative to gray squirrels (S. carolinensis), challenges the paradigm that similar strategies should be used to manage harvest of fox squirrels and gray squirrels.
SEEC: Semantic Vector Federation across Edge Computing Environments

Semantic vector embedding techniques have proven useful in learning semantic representations of data across multiple domains. A key application enabled by such techniques is the ability to measure semantic similarity between given data samples and find data most similar to a given sample. State-of-the-art embedding approaches assume all data is available on a single site. However, in many business settings, data is distributed across multiple edge locations and cannot be aggregated due to a variety of constraints. Hence, the applicability of state-of-the-art embedding approaches is limited to freely shared datasets, leaving out applications with sensitive or mission-critical data. This paper addresses this gap by proposing novel unsupervised algorithms called \emph{SEEC} for learning and applying semantic vector embedding in a variety of distributed settings. Specifically, for scenarios where multiple edge locations can engage in joint learning, we adapt the recently proposed federated learning techniques for semantic vector embedding. Where joint learning is not possible, we propose novel semantic vector translation algorithms to enable semantic query across multiple edge locations, each with its own semantic vector-space. Experimental results on natural language as well as graph datasets show that this may be a promising new direction.
Apoplastic and symplastic pathways in Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. roots revealed by fluorescent tracer dyes

The apoplastic permeability of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. (grey mangrove) roots was investigated by examining the composition of xylem sap collected under pressure from root systems immersed in 25% seawater containing 0.01% trisodium 3-hydroxy-5,8,10-pyrenetrisulfonate (PTS), a mobile fluorescent dye which is confined to ihe apoplast. Xylem sap from intact root systems contained between 3 and 18% of the NaCl, and less than 0.2% of the PTS concentrations present in the external bathing medium. The low levels of PTS in the xylem sap indicate that apoplastic transport was minimal. By contrast, xylem sap from disturbed roots that had been removed from the sand in which they were growing and transferred to the PTS treatment solution contained an average of 57% of the NaCl and 12% of the PTS concentrations present in the external solution, demonstrating the importance of using undisturbed root systems for such studies. Using Cellufluor, an apoplastic fluorescent dye which binds to cellulose, an apoplastic barrier was located at the periderm of mature roots, and at the exodermis and endodermis of progressively younger regions of fine roots. Uranin, a symplastic tracer dye, was taken up only by cells of the distal 17 mm of fine roots, the region of the root where the periderm had not yet developed. These results suggest that the uptake of ions and water in intact roots of A. marina occurs mainly via the symplast of younger regions of the third-order and fourth-order roots.
EXPLICIT RELATIONS BETWEEN KANEKO-YAMAMOTO TYPE MULTIPLE ZETA VALUES AND RELATED VARIANTS

In this paper we first establish several integral identities. These integrals are of the form \[\int_0^1 x^{an+b} f(x)\,dx\quad (a\in\{1,2\},\ b\in\{-1,-2\})\] where $f(x)$ is a single-variable multiple polylogarithm function or $r$-variable multiple polylogarithm function or Kaneko--Tsumura A-function (this is a single-variable multiple polylogarithm function of level two). We find that these integrals can be expressed in terms of multiple zeta (star) values and their related variants (multiple $t$-values, multiple $T$-values, multiple $S$-values etc.), and multiple harmonic (star) sums and their related variants (multiple $T$-harmonic sums, multiple $S$-harmonic sums etc.). Using these integral identities, we prove many explicit evaluations of Kaneko--Yamamoto multiple zeta values and their related variants. Further, we derive some relations involving multiple zeta (star) values and their related variants.
Commutative Banach algebras and modular representation theory

In a recent paper of Benson and Symonds, a new invariant was introduced for modular representations of a finite group. An interpretation was given as a spectral radius with respect to a Banach algebra completion of the representation ring. Our purpose here is to take these notions further, and investigate the structure of the resulting Banach algebras. Some of the material in that paper is repeated here in greater generality, and for clarity of exposition. We give an axiomatic definition of an abstract representation ring, and representation ideal. The completion is then a commutative Banach algebra, and the techniques of Gelfand from the 1940s are applied in order to study the space of algebra homomorphisms to $\mathbb C$. One surprising consequence of this investigation is that the Jacobson radical and the nil radical of a (complexified) representation ring always coincide. These notes are intended for representation theorists. So background material on commutative Banach algebras is given in detail, whereas representation theoretic background is more condensed.
Can Minkowski tensors of a porous microstructure characterize its permeability

We show that the permeability of porous media can be reliably predicted from the Minkowski tensors (MTs) describing the pore microstructure geometry. To this end, we consider a large number of simulations of flow through periodic unit cells containing complex shaped obstacles. The prediction is achieved by training a deep neural network (DNN) using the simulation data with the MT elements as attributes. The obtained predictions allow for the conclusion that MTs of the pore microstructure contain sufficient information to determine the permeability, although the functional relation between the MTs and the permeability could be complex to determine.
Fast and deep: energy-efficient neuromorphic learning with first-spike times

For a biological agent operating under environmental pressure, energy consumption and reaction times are of critical importance. Similarly, engineered systems also strive for short time-to-solution and low energy-to-solution characteristics. At the level of neuronal implementation, this implies achieving the desired results with as few and as early spikes as possible. In the time-to-first-spike-coding framework, both of these goals are inherently emerging features of learning. Here, we describe a rigorous derivation of learning such first-spike times in networks of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, relying solely on input and output spike times, and show how it can implement error backpropagation in hierarchical spiking networks. Furthermore, we emulate our framework on the BrainScaleS-2 neuromorphic system and demonstrate its capability of harnessing the chip's speed and energy characteristics. Finally, we examine how our approach generalizes to other neuromorphic platforms by studying how its performance is affected by typical distortive effects induced by neuromorphic substrates.
Determination of the Test Retests Reliability of the Otometrics Video Head Impulse Test (Vhit) Among Healthy Adults

Video head impulse test (vHIT) is a clinical head impulse test to evaluate the vestbulo ocular re? ex (VOR). The VOR is the re? ex mechanism that carries out the functon of gaze stabilizaton which is one of the most important functons of the balance system. Material and Methods: Main aim of this study to determine the test retest reliability of the otometrics video head impulse test (vHIT) among healthy adults aged 18 to 35 years (mean age of 22.51 years). A repeated measures study that recruited 51 young adults (102 ears, 33% were males and 67% were females). All subjects flled Malay Version Vertgo Symptom Scale (MVVSS) as a screening then vHIT testng done for the frst and second session within 1 to 2 weeks. The vHIT was carried out according to the standard protocol and the head of the partcipants were rotated in the di? erent planes which was lateral, anterior and posterior. Results: The lateral canals have high gain compared to anterior and posterior canals in session 1 and session 2. Then, there is no signifcance di? erence (p>0.05 between VOR gain of session 1 and session 2 for each semicircular canals except for the lef lateral. The right lateral showed the highest correlaton ~ 0.746 while right anterior showed the lowest correlaton ~ 0.545. However, the overall canals revealed moderate to high correlaton (0.5 to 0.7). Conclusion: vHIT is a good test to determine the vestbular functon by measuring the VOR gain of each canal.
Securities Laws and Regulation and Stock Market Development in Transition Economies

We study the impact of specific suitably disaggregated indices of securities market laws and regulation on various measures of securities market development in a sample of 19 transitional economies. Our legal indices are based on available securities regulations data from the 1999 EBRD Legal Indicator Survey. The results indicate that securities regulations affect stock market development positively and significantly through stricter regulation of financial disclosure and market intermediaries. We also find that it is the implementation (effectiveness) component of disclosure and regulation of intermediaries which drives the result. Other elements of stock market law and regulation, such as enforcement powers of the Securities Regulator or its attributes, are largely irrelevant for stock market performance. These results echo recent evidence in the comparative literature, which finds that private enforcement through stricter disclosure requirements and liability rules is associated with better securities market development.
Cocktails of hope: simulating the effects of HIV/AIDS intervention strategies in Botswana, Mozambique and Namibia 2000-2020

The news about AIDS in Africa is grim, but not entirely devoid of signs of hope. Education programs seem to have been successful in Uganda and Senegal. The price of HIV medications is falling and those medications are slowly finding there way to those who need them. Large scale (phase 3) testing of an AIDS vaccine is in progress, with results expected next year (2002, NYT, 2001). Microbices, a potentially inexpensive and simple means for women protect themselves are also promising (JAMA, 2000). In this paper, we investigate some of the effects of educational policies aimed at changing risky sexual behavior and of distribution of HIV medication in three highly affected countries, Botswana, Mozambique, and Namibia. We consider population size, AIDS deaths, HIV incidence and prevalence, the population distribution over urban and rural areas, and some of the effects on the educational system. For this purpose, we use a newly developed model of the evolution of populations that significantly affected by HIV, developed at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). The new model is described in Section 2. In Section 3, we discuss the results of simulations of the implications of various policy options. We conclude, in Section 4, with some thoughts about the future.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep-wake schedule and associated lifestyle related behavior: A national survey

Background: Lockdowns to prevent the community transmission of COVID-19 pandemic has confined the people at home and imposed social restrictions, which is expected to cause alterations in circadian driven sleep-wake schedule and its associated lifestyle behaviors. Design and Methods: An online questionnaire-based survey was conducted to assess the impact of lockdown on the sleepwake pattern, meal timings and digital media exposure time on the Indian population during lockdown. Responses of 1511 participants (age ≥18 years) were analyzed to assess the effect of gender and age on these parameters before and during lockdown. Results: The sleep onset-wakeup times and meals’ time was significantly delayed during lockdown, which was more pronounced in younger subjects. However, young individuals reported increased sleep duration at this time. Increased digital media duration was evident in all age groups, mainly in males. However, females reported more delay in sleep onset-waking time and first meal timing with longer sleep duration during lockdown. Conclusions: Discord with social and natural cues due to complete lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic leads to a state of social jetlag with delayed sleep-wake, meal timings and excessive digital media exposure among Indians, which has differential impact on males and females as well as across different age groups. These findings have applied implications in sleep health and related behavior during longer social isolation conditions such as current COVID-19 or similar situations and may help to prepare better for any such future events. Significance for public health In the background of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and increased incidences of domestic violence and unrest, this study reflects a significant influence of prolonged lockdown on some of the basic indicators of lifestyle such as sleep-wakefulness, timing of meals and usage of electronic media. Increased sleep duration in younger age groups with increased screen time and delayed meal time indicate their increased susceptibility to stress and its psychological consequences such as depression, thereby potentially affecting professional productivity and personal relationships. The senior age groups are also adversely affected in relation to these aspects, being increasingly susceptible to associated health risks. On the other hand, across genders, women exhibit greater disruption of their lifestyle behavior in terms of sleep-wake pattern and meal timings which might lead to hormonal imbalance related health conditions over long time. These findings hold vital potential to mitigate any such associated adverse effects.
Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2019

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to create and regularly update a database of host plant species of Xylella spp. In 2018, EFSA released a new Xylella spp. host plant database that was now updated with informative data extracted from 76 recent publications retrieved through an extensive literature search. This report is related to the third version of the database published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, covering articles selected from: a systematic literature review conducted up of 30 June 2019; Europhyt database up to 15 October 2019; and relevant articles identified by EFSA Horizon scanning and personal communications from experts. Some data on Xylella fastidiosa strains and geographical coordinates included in the already published database were updated or modified with the purpose of increasing the accuracy and consistency of the database itself. Thirty‐seven new host plant species of X. fastidiosa, identified through the data extracted from the selected publications, have been added to the database. Those plant species were reported as naturally infected, artificially infected or infected under unspecified conditions by subsp. multiplex, pauca or unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication) subspecies of X. fastidiosa. No additional data were retrieved for Xylella taiwanensis. Six new Sequence Types (STs) have been identified in Brazil, Italy and the USA. Information on the tolerant/resistant response of plant species or varieties to X. fastidiosa infection are also reported in the database. The overall number of Xylella spp. host plants reaches now 343 plant species, 163 genera and 64 families determined with two different detection methods, till 595 plant species, 275 genera and 85 families regardless the detection method applied. The EFSA database on Xylella spp. host plants is updated regularly with the aim to provide information and scientific support to risk assessors, risk managers and researchers dealing with Xylella spp.
Relationship Between Age at Adult Height and Knee Mechanics During a Drop Vertical Jump in Men

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are relatively common among younger athletes, with significant physical, psychological, and financial consequences. Research has largely focused on female athletes by identifying specific risk factors for an ACL injury, including variation in pubertal growth timing. There is less known about risk factors in males, and little is known about the effects of pubertal development on ACL injury risk in men. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between an indicator of pubertal growth timing (age at adult height) and biomechanical risk for ACL injuries in men. We hypothesized that earlier age at adult height is correlated with riskier landing biomechanics during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) in men. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 21 recreationally active male students (age range, 20-33 years) were included. Participants completed a questionnaire on age at adult height and limb dominance, and anthropometric measurements were taken. There were 6 DVJ tests performed, with participants landing on a force plate while digital cameras recorded kinematic data from retroreflective markers placed according to the Helen Hayes marker system. Primary outcomes were sagittal and frontal plane knee kinematics and kinetics during contact. Data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation. Results: In both limbs, age at achieving adult height was significantly negatively correlated with knee flexion/extension angle at toe-off (dominant: r = –0.79, P < .01; nondominant: r = –0.74, P < .01) and with peak flexion (dominant: r = –0.63, P < .01; nondominant: r = –0.70, P < .01) and extension (dominant: r = –0.66, P < .01; nondominant: r = –0.56, P = .01) angles during contact. In the nondominant limb, age at adult height was significantly negatively correlated with varus/valgus angle at initial contact (r = –0.43; P = .05) and toe-off (r = –0.44; P = .04) and was positively correlated with peak varus moment during contact (r = 0.42; P = .06). Age at adult height was also positively correlated with peak vertical ground-reaction force (r = 0.58; P < .01). Conclusion: Later age at adult height was correlated with riskier landing profiles in this study. This suggests that males with later or longer pubertal growth may have increased mechanical risk for ACL injuries. A better understanding of the effects of pubertal growth on landing biomechanics can improve the early identification of male athletes at greater risk for injuries.