Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing clouds and hazes in exoplanet atmospheres

Title of dissertation: DIAGNOSING CLOUDS AND HAZES IN EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERES Jonathan David Fraine, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Dissertation directed by: Professor L. Drake Deming Department of Astronomy Exoplanet atmospheres provide a probe into the conditions on alien worlds, from hot Jupiters to Super-Earths. We can now glimpse the behaviour of extreme solar systems that defy our understanding of planet formation and capture our imaginations about the possibilities for understanding planets and life in our universe. I combined multi-epoch, multi-instrument observations from both space and ground based facilities. I developed observational techniques and tools to constrain exoplanetary atmospheric compositions, temperature profiles, and scale heights over a span of planetary masses and wavelengths, that provided a probe into the properties of these diverse planetary atmospheres. I led a team that used the Spitzer Space Telescope, with the IR Array Camera (IRAC), to observe the well known transiting Super-Earth, GJ 1214b (∼ 2.7 R⊕). My precisely constrained infrared transit depth, error ∼ O(40 ppm), significantly constrained the lack of any molecular detections out to a wavelength of 5μm. The significance of this null detection challenges self-consistent models for the atmosphere of this super-Earth. Models must invoke thick, grey opacity clouds that uniformly cause the atmosphere to be opaque at all wavelengths. My team and I used the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (HSTWFC3) to spectroscopically probe the atmosphere of the transiting warm Neptune, HAT-P-11b (∼ 4.5 R⊕), and detected the first molecular signature from a small exoplanet (Rp < RSaturn), inferring the presence of a hydrogen rich atmosphere. The average densities of many transiting exoplanets are known, but the degree to which atmospheric composition – abundance of Hydrogen relative to other atoms and molecules – correlates with the bulk composition has not yet been established. In an effort to characterize the atmospheric metallicity in greater detail, my team observed HAT-P-11 using warm Spitzer IRAC at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. The nondetections of eclipses HAT-P-11b provided upper limits on the temperature profile at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. I am one of the founding members of the ACCESS collaboration (Arizona-CfACatólica Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey), a ground based observational campaign to spectroscopically survey a catalogue of exoplanetary atmospheres using major optical telescopes. I observed several of our targets from the 6.5m Magellan-Baade telescope. The results of my first observation provided low signal-to-noise constraints on the cloud properties of the hot Jupiter WASP-4b, as well as the UV radiation environment produced by its host star, WASP-4. The combination of these observational constraints provided greater insight into the end-products of the planet formation process, and developed the knowledge base of our community for both cloudy and clear worlds. DIAGNOSING CLOUDS AND HAZES IN EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERES
HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN HASIL TES INTELEGENSI DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR

Rahma Widyastuti. S540908314. Hubungan antara Motivasi Belajar dan Hasil Tes Inteligensi dengan Prestasi Belajar. Tesis. Program Studi Magister Kedokteran Keluarga. Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. 2010 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi belajar dan hasil tes inteligensi dengan presasi belajar pada sampel mahasiswa Program studi Analis Kesehatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional.Sampel sebesar 45 mahasiswa dicuplik dengan teknik exhausted sampling. Variabel bebas yang diteliti adalah motivasi belajar dan hasil tes inteligensi. Variabel terikat adalah prestasi belajar. Alat ukur berbentuk skala Likert yaitu untuk mengukur variabel motivasi belajar dan tes psikologi untuk variabel hasil tes inteligensi. Dari hasil uji reliabilitas dan validitas alat ukur skala Likert tersebut, didapatkan nilai F=0,727 untuk skala Motivasi Belajar. Validitas butir soal untuk skala tersebut valid (korelasi item total > 0,344). Data penelitian yang didapat dianalisis dengan model regresi linier ganda menggunakan program SPSS versi 17. Hasil analisis regresi ganda menunjukkan, ada hubungan antara motivasi belajar (p=0,012) dan hasil tes inteligensi (p=0,000) dengan prestasi belajar. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara motivasi belajar dan hasil tes inteligensi dengan prestasi belajar mahasiswa program studi Analis Kesehatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya. Kata kunci:motivasi belajar, hasil tes inteligensi, prestasi belajar
Advantages of agarose on alginate for the preparation of polysaccharide/hydroxyapatite porous bone scaffolds compatible with a proline-rich antimicrobial peptide

The optimized proline-rich antimicrobial peptide B7-005 was loaded on bone scaffolds based on polysaccharides and hydroxyapatite. Alginate was firstly chosen in order to exploit its negative charges, which allowed an efficient B7-005 loading but hindered its release, due to the strong interactions with the positive charged peptide. Hence, alginate was substituted with agarose which allowed to prepare scaffolds with similar structure, porosity, and mechanical performance than the ones prepared with alginate and hydroxyapatite. Moreover, agarose scaffolds could release B7-005 within the first 24 h of immersion in aqueous environment. The peptide did not impaired MG-63 cell adhesion and proliferation in the scaffold, and a positive cell proliferation trend was observed up to two weeks. The released B7-005 was effective against the pathogens E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii, but not against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, thus requiring further tuning of the system to improve its antimicrobial activity.
A Regional Perspective on Holocene Fire–Climate–Human Interactions in the Pacific Northwest of North America

Wildfire plays an important role in ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest, but past relationships among fire, climate, and human actions remain unclear. A multiscale analysis of thirty-four macroscopic charcoal records from a variety of biophysical settings was conducted to reconstruct fire activity for the Pacific Northwest (PNW) during the past 12,000 years. Trends in biomass burning and fire frequency are compared to paleoenvironmental and population data at a variety of temporal and spatial scales to better understand fire regime variability on centennial- to millennial-length time scales. PNW fire activity in the early Holocene is linked to climatic and vegetation changes; however, increased fire activity in the middle to late Holocene is inconsistent with long-term trends in temperature and precipitation. Two hypotheses are explored to explain the rise in fire activity after ca. 5,500 calendar years before present, including greater climate variability and increased human use of fire. Climatic changes such as increased El Niño/Southern Oscillation event frequency during the past approximately 6,000 years could have led to hydrologic shifts conducive to more frequent fire events, despite overall trends toward cooler and moister conditions. Alternatively, increasing human populations and their associated uses of fire might have increased biomass burning. Centennial-scale changes in fire activity, such as during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, closely match widespread shifts in both climate and population, suggesting that one or both influenced the late-Holocene fire history of the PNW.
USO DO SOLO DA SUB-BACIA DO CÓRREGO ANDRÉ E QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA EM MIRASSOL D'OESTE - MT

A presente pesquisa foi realizada na sub-bacia hidrografica do corrego Andre na cidade de Mirassol D’Oeste – MT, com objetivo de investigar possiveis relacoes entre a qualidade da agua e o uso do solo da sub-bacia. Foram verificado o uso do solo e o indice de qualidade de agua (IQA). A analise de IQA do corrego Andre mostra perda progressiva da qualidade das aguas da nascente para a foz. Acredita-se que tal fato pode estar relacionado com o uso conflituoso dos terrenos, com desenvolvimento da mineracao, crescente ocupacao urbana e expansao imobiliaria.
INTEGRATED PLANT RECORD (IPR) VEGETATION ANALYSIS APPLIED TO MODERN VEGETATION IN SOUTH CHINA AND JAPAN

ABSTRACT Integrated Plant Record (IPR) vegetation analysis is a semi-quantitative tool developed as a proxy to assess zonal vegetation classification. It is based on fossil plant taxa categorized into zonal taxonomic-physiognomic components reflecting key autecological characteristics. The proportions of these components in the fossil assemblages define the main vegetation types. Modern vegetation studies in areas of South China (Mount Emei, Mount Longqi, Meili Snow Mountains) and in Japan (Shirakami Sanchi, Mount Fuji, Nara, Yokohama, Yakushima Island) are performed here to test this fossil-based technique and achieve fine-tuning and corroboration. Thirty-five units of different vegetation types generally defined as broad-leaved evergreen forests, mixed mesophytic forests, broad-leaved deciduous forests, and subhumid sclerophyllous forests were investigated. IPR vegetation analysis results obtained from this modern vegetation largely support the originally defined proportions of the important zonal woody angiosperm groups, i.e., broad-leaved deciduous, broad-leaved evergreen, sclerophyllous, and legume-type components, and cluster analysis also confirms these results. Nonetheless, the data suggest that the new definition of ecotones and adaption of the threshold value of the broad-leaved evergreen component for the definition of broad-leaved evergreen forests are necessary. The results of this study of modern vegetation reveal a distinct underrepresentation of zonal herbs in the fossil record, regardless of whether dealing with leaf, pollen, or fruit assemblages. The vegetation scheme based on IPR vegetation analysis is therefore extended to properly reflect the zonal herb diversity present in modern vegetation. The results also confirm a higher diversity of zonal herbs in modern broad-leaved deciduous versus broad-leaved evergreen forests, as observed in the Neogene European record.
Cold‐inducible lncRNA266 promotes browning and the thermogenic program in white adipose tissue

Cold‐induced nonshivering thermogenesis has contributed to the improvement of several metabolic syndromes caused by obesity. Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a role in brown fat biogenesis and thermogenesis. Here we show that the lncRNA lnc266 is induced by cold exposure in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). In vitro functional studies reveal that lnc266 promotes brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic gene expression. At room temperature, lnc266 has no effects on white fat browning and systemic energy consumption. However, in a cold environment, lnc266 promotes white fat browning and thermogenic gene expression in obese mice. Moreover, lnc266 increases core body temperature and reduces body weight gain. Mechanistically, lnc266 does not directly regulate Ucp1 expression. Instead, lnc266 sponges miR‐16‐1‐3p and thus abolishes the repression of miR‐16‐1‐3p on Ucp1 expression. As a result, lnc266 promotes preadipocyte differentiation toward brown‐like adipocytes and stimulates thermogenic gene expression. Overall, lnc266 is a cold‐inducible lncRNA in iWAT, with a key role in white fat browning and the thermogenic program.
Effective seed cake extract of O. sanctum inducing the p53 dependent apoptotic pathway in oral cancer cells

Abstract Objective Present study was to observe the therapeutic aspects of seed cake extracts of Ocimum sanctum against the oral cancer cell line with the activation of p53 apoptotic pathway. Method Seed cake extracts were characterized using GC-MS analysis. Cytotoxic activity was observed on KB cells and L929 cell through MTT assay and scratch assay. Antioxidant activity on KB cells were determined using enzymatic and non enzyme content in the treated cells. Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was established to check the presence of blood vessel formation and neuvasculature pattern in the treated fertilized eggs. DNA fragmentation and gene expression studies were also determined in the treated cells to check the upregulation of apoptotic pathways. Results GC-MS analysis confirmed alkaloids, phenols, and many. The cytotoxic activity showed maximum antiproliferative potential with aqueous extract, whereas no cytotoxic effect was observed on L929 cells. The ethanolic and aqueous extract has shown a greater SI value. Scratch assay has signified that aqueous extract has a lower migration rate of KB cells. Aqueous extract showed maximum enzymatic activity and lower malondialdehyde content in cells treated with ethanolic extract. CAM model confirmed that eggs treated with aqueous extract has shown inhibition of vasculature pattern and dissolutions of blood vessels. DNA Fragmentation and Gene expression studies confirmed maximum fold in the KB cell treated with an aqueous extract of seed cake leading to activation of p53 dependent apoptotic pathway. Conclusion The potent therapeutic properties of seed cake extracts have been proven, and they can be used as herbal treatments to prevent oral cancer. Graphical abstract
PLUME investigates South Pacific Superswell

The French Ministere de la Recherche is funding a multidisciplinary project, the Polynesian Lithosphere and Upper Mantle Experiment (PLUME), to image the upper mantle structures beneath French Polynesia. This region of the southwestern Pacific, which is far from any plate boundary comprises oceanic lithosphere with ages varying between 30 and 100 Ma, as well as two major fracture zones. The area is characterized by a “swarm” of volcanic island chains—the Society Islands, the Austral Islands, and the Marquesas—that may represent “hot spot” tracks [Duncan and McDougall, 1976]. The individual hot spots are superimposed on the large South Pacific Superswell [McNutt, 1998]. The region is also characterized by a large-scale, low-velocity anomaly in the lower-most mantle [Su et al., 1994] and anomalous converted phases from the 660-km discontinuity [Vinnik et al., 1997].
Pesticides in rice-based products commercialised in Argentina

ABSTRACT People with coeliac disease have a limited diet. Therefore, rice-based products are an ideal alternative. Highlighting this import item, an analytical methodology was validated to determine pesticides in rice-based product samples. The precision was satisfactory for all pesticides since the RSD did not exceed 13% in any case. Regarding recovery, the method had values close to 100%. The limit of quantification was established at 10 µg/kg and the expanded uncertainty was less than 20%. After validation, 80 samples of toasts and rice crackers were analysed. All samples were compliant with the national regulations for dichlorvos and tebuconazole. The pesticide that was present in the highest number of samples was pirimiphos – methyl, but all below the maximum residue limit. From all samples analysed, 38 were positive for at least one pesticide and only one contained four pesticides simultaneously: deltamethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, kresoxim-methyl and epoxiconazole.
Palaeontological age and correlations of the Tertiary deposits of the NW Iberian Peninsula: the tectonic evolution of a broken foreland basin

Ages of Cenozoic sedimentary basins yield information that can be used to infer detailed spatial and temporal evolution in the Alpine foreland. The Tertiary deposits of the NW Iberian Peninsula comprise the remains of a broken foreland basin (the West Duero Basin). This work constrains the timing of tectonic fragmentation and the evolution of the western termination of the Alpine Pyrenean–Cantabrian Orogen (NW Iberian Peninsula). The discovery of Issiodoromys cf. minor 1 and Pseudocricetodon in the lower formation of the Tertiary depression of Sarria (the Toral Formation) constrains its age to the late Early Oligocene (MP23–MP25), similar to its age in the El Bierzo depression (MP24–MP25). Sedimentation initiated in the NE of the study area at Oviedo during the Middle Eocene (Bartonian–Early Priabonian MP16–MP17) and migrated towards the west and south during the Early Oligocene. The Toral Formation was deposited in a foreland basin that connected the present day outcrops of the El Bierzo, Sarria and As Pontes Tertiary depressions. The basin was segmented during the westward migration of structural deformation associated with the Orogen, and the subsequent uplift of the Galaico–Leoneses Mountains. The present‐day height above reference level of the base of the Toral Formation has been used to quantify Alpine segmentation that took place after Early Oligocene times. Minimum tectonic uplift assessed is 960 m in the Cantabrian Mountains and 1050 m in the Galaico–Leoneses Mountains. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comments, with reply, on 'Impact ionization in GaAs MESFETs' by K. Hui, et al

In the above-named work (see ibid., vol.11, p.113-15, March 1990), Hui et al. proposed a method to measure impact ionization current in GaAs MESFETs and evaluated the impact ionization coefficient alpha /sub n/ in GaAs. For electric fields greater than approximately 1.5*10/sup 5/ V-cm/sup -1/, alpha /sub n/ can be fitted to the equation alpha /sub n/=4.0*10/sup 6/*exp (-2.3*10/sup 6//E). In the present work, the commenters performed careful measurements of gate current I/sub g/ in GaAs MESFET devices similar to those used by Hui et al., and they show that the ionization coefficient still fits the above equation down to alpha /sub n/=10/sup -4/ cm/sup -1/. These results extend the previous data by three orders of magnitude. In a reply, the original authors affirm that the commenters have significantly improved the accuracy of the data previously presented. <<ETX>>
KIAA1429 protects hepatocellular carcinoma cells from ferroptotic cell death with a m6A‐dependent posttranscriptional modification of SLC7A11

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification represents the most abundant internal methylation of eukaryotic RNAs. KIAA1429 acts as a key component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, but its function and mechanism in ferroptotic cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are barely defined. We found that KIAA1429 suppression triggered ferroptosis in HCC cells according to increased cell death, iron and MDA levels, C11‐BODIPY‐positive cells, ROS production and decreased GSH level. Ferroptosis inhibitors ferrostatin‐1 (0.5 μM) and liproxstatin‐1 (10 μM) blocked KIAA1429 suppression‐induced ferroptosis of HCC cells. In addition, overexpressed KIAA1429 notably heightened the activity of cystine/glutamate antiporter (SLC7A11). SLC7A11 up‐regulation partially hindered KIAA1429 inhibition‐mediated ferroptosis of HCC cells. The regulation SLC7A11 by KIAA1429 was attenuated by global m6A inhibitor cycloleucine (40 μM). RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed the binding of KIAA1429 to m6A on SLC7A11 transcript. Additionally, it was proven that KIAA1429 inhibition mitigated HCC growth in subcutaneous xenograft mice through SLC7A11. Altogether, our findings first propose that KIAA1429 protects HCC cells from ferroptosis with a m6A‐dependent post‐transcriptional modification of SLC7A11 and offer a novel insight into the dysregulated epi‐transcriptomics in the context of HCC.
Decoding Caregiver Burden in Cancer: Role of Emotional Health, Rumination, and Coping Mechanisms

This study aimed to elucidate the role of psychological factors in caregiver burden among caregivers of stage 4 cancer patients. Data were collected from 328 caregivers of cancer patients, employing the Zarit Care Burden Scale, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-42), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS-A), Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ), and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE). Males, spouses, and caregivers of patients with a PEG or tracheostomy, or those diagnosed with pancreatic biliary cancer were found to have a significantly higher risk of caregiver burden. Age, sex, caregiver-patient relationship, caregiving duration, patient’s catheter status, cancer types, depression and stress severity, rumination, dysfunctional attitudes, and dysfunctional coping strategies explained 69.7% of the variance in Zarit Care Burden Scale scores (F(14,313) = 51.457, p < 0.001), illustrating their significant predictive relationship with caregiver burden. Moderation analysis revealed significant interactions of emotional coping with depression (b = −0.0524, p = 0.0076) and dysfunctional coping with stress on caregiver burden (b = 0.014, p = 0.006). Furthermore, rumination mediated the relationships between caregiver burden, stress, and depression (p < 0.01). Overall, the results highlight the intricate relationships among caregiver burden, mental health, and coping strategies, suggesting tailored interventions to support caregiver health and quality of care.
Distribución fraccional de metales y minerales en la laterita de balance del yacimiento Punta Gorda, Moa, Cuba

Laterita de balance es la denominacion tecnologica de la mena procesada para la obtencion de niquel en Moa mediante proceso Caron, para la cual se ha establecido un contenido de Fe superior a 35 % y no menor del 1% de Ni. El proposito de la investigacion fue determinar en la laterita de balance del yacimiento Punta Gorda, la composicion quimica y mineralogica de las clases granulometricas comprendidas en el rango entre 8 y 0,045 mm. Se emplearon tecnicas de separacion granulometrica por via humeda segun la serie de Taylor, metodos de difraccion y de fluorescencia de rayos X y el analisis termico diferencial. Se llega a establecer que la laterita de balance es esencialmente ferrosa, y que la mayoria de los minerales en ella contenidos presentan una granulometria especifica de concentracion, de manera que en los granos minerales mayores de 2 mm se concentran los silicatos de magnesio (olivino y serpentina) y el hidroxido de aluminio (gibbsita), en cambio los oxidos de hierro (goethita) se concentran en los granos menores de 0,071 mm.
Rare Populations, Hidden Populations, and Link-Tracing Designs: What and Why?

Literature on snowball sampling and other ascending methodologies (intensive data collection methodologies) is widely scattered. In order to indicate a structure in the diversity of articles, snowball sampling and other ascending methodologies are embedded in the general concept of link-tracing methodologies. From this point of view link-tracing methodologies are considered as tools for analysing social structure and for locating members of special populations. By introducing a new theoretical concept for defining special populations, a subdivision is made in link-tracing methodologies as a tool to locate rare populations and as a tool to locate hidden populations.
Age of initial oceanic magmatism in the Late Proterozoic Arabian Shield

Lead isotopic data for zircons from a dacite clast in a volcanic breccia of the oldest oceanic assemblage (immature arc or oceanic plateau) of the southwestern Arabian Shield (Baish group), acquired with the single-grain evaporation technique, yielded a mean 207 Pb/ 206 Pb age of 842 ±17 Ma. Earlier published Rb-Sr data for Baish rocks yielded a three-point isochron of 1165 ±110 Ma. This age has been repeatedly cited as evidence for pre-1 Ga arc magmatism in the Arabian Shield. However, more recent Rb-Sr data and zircon ages for clastic metasedimentary rocks are in agreement with our new zircon age, suggesting that initial oceanic magmatism in the Arabian Shield did not begin until after 900 Ma and was coeval with arc evolution in the southern Red Sea Hills of the Sudan.