Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elevated Photovoltaic Performance in Medium Bandgap Copolymers Composed of Indacenodi-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and Benzothiadiazole Subunits by Modulating the π-Bridge

Two random conjugated polymers (CPs), namely, PIDTT-TBT and PIDTT-TFBT, in which indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT), 3-octylthiophene, and benzothiadiazole (BT) were in turn utilized as electron-donor (D), π-bridge, and electron-acceptor (A) units, were synthesized to comprehensively analyze the impact of reducing thiophene π-bridge and further fluorination on photostability and photovoltaic performance. Meanwhile, the control polymer PIDTT-DTBT with alternating structure was also prepared for comparison. The broadened and enhanced absorption, down-shifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO), more planar molecular geometry thus enhanced the aggregation in the film state, but insignificant impact on aggregation in solution and photostability were found after both reducing thiophene π-bridge in PIDTT-TBT and further fluorination in PIDTT-TFBT. Consequently, PIDTT-TBT-based device showed 185% increased PCE of 5.84% profited by synergistically elevated VOC, JSC, and FF than those of its counterpart PIDTT-DTBT, and this improvement was chiefly ascribed to the improved absorption, deepened EHOMO, raised μh and more balanced μh/μe, and optimized morphology of photoactive layer. However, the dropped PCE was observed after further fluorination in PIDTT-TFBT, which was mainly restricted by undesired morphology for photoactive layer as a result of strong aggregation even if in the condition of the upshifted VOC. Our preliminary results can demonstrate that modulating the π-bridge in polymer backbone was an effective method with the aim to enhance the performance for solar cell.
Effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on the nociceptive responses of substantia gelatinosa neurons in the rat spinal cord dorsal horn: An in vivo patch-clamp analysis

Background Volatile anesthetics suppress noxiously evoked activity in the spinal dorsal horn, which could contribute in part to analgesia, immobility. Modulation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons could lead to the suppression of dorsal horn activity; however, this phenomenon has not yet been investigated fully. Methods In urethane-anesthetized rats, extracellular activity of dorsal horn neurons (action potentials) and excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic currents in substantia gelatinosa neurons were recorded using extracellular and in vivo patch-clamp techniques, respectively, to assess the spontaneous and the noxious-evoked activity. Sevoflurane or desflurane at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2 minimum alveolar concentration was administered by inhalation. Hot- and cold-plate tests were performed to assess nociceptive responses during the inhalation of volatile anesthetics at lower anesthetic doses (0.1–0.5 minimum alveolar concentration). Results At anesthetic doses (1 and 2 minimum alveolar concentration), both sevoflurane and desflurane decreased the frequency of action potentials in the dorsal horn and the activities of excitatory postsynaptic currents in substantia gelatinosa neurons during pinch stimulation and decreased the activities of spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. Inhibition of the frequencies was more prominent than that of amplitudes in spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents at these anesthetic doses. However, at subanesthetic doses (0.1 and 0.2 minimum alveolar concentration), desflurane facilitated action potentials and excitatory postsynaptic currents. Inhibitory postsynaptic currents were inhibited by both anesthetics at anesthetic doses (1 and 2 minimum alveolar concentration). Hot- or cold-plate tests showed hyperalgesic effects of desflurane at subanesthetic doses (0.1 and 0.2 minimum alveolar concentration) and a dose-dependent analgesic effect of sevoflurane. Conclusions Sevoflurane and desflurane at anesthetic doses suppressed dorsal horn activity mainly via inhibition of excitatory postsynaptic currents in substantia gelatinosa neurons, which would contribute to their analgesic properties. Presynaptic mechanisms were likely in excitatory postsynaptic currents inhibition. Desflurane but not sevoflurane may have a hyperalgesic effect at subanesthetic doses.
Deconstructing PTSD: Trauma and emotion among Mexican immigrant women

The symptomatology for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) narrowly focuses on particular diagnostic frames and a single triggering event. Such narrow definitions of trauma and recovery have been heavily critiqued by anthropologists and cultural psychiatrists for overlooking cultural complexity as well as the effects of multiple and overlapping events that may cause someone to become “traumatized” and thereby affect recovery. This article investigates how subjective reporting of traumatic experience in life history narratives relates to depressive and PTSD symptomatology, cultural idioms, and repeated traumatic experiences among low-income Mexican immigrant women in Chicago. We interviewed 121 Mexican immigrant women and collected life history narratives and psychiatric scales for depression and PTSD. Most women spoke of the detrimental effects of repeated traumatic experiences, reported depressive (49%) and PTSD (38%) symptoms, and described these experiences through cultural idioms. These data complicate the PTSD diagnosis as a discrete entity that occurs in relation to a single acute event. Most importantly, these findings reveal the importance of cumulative trauma and cultural idioms for the recognition of suffering and the limitation of diagnostic categories for identifying the needs of those who experience multiple social and psychological stressors.
Cost Effectiveness of Trastuzumab for Management of Breast Cancer in India

PURPOSE We undertook this study to evaluate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained with use of adjuvant trastuzumab as compared with chemotherapy alone among patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer in India. METHODS We used a Markov model to estimate the incremental cost of using trastuzumab (for 1 year, 6 months, or 9 weeks) as compared with chemotherapy alone using a societal perspective, excluding indirect productivity losses. Although the outcomes (QALYs) in the standard chemotherapy arm were estimated after calibrating the model as per survival data from 2 Indian cancer registries, effectiveness estimates from the HERA trial and a joint analysis of the NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831 trials were used to estimate the consequences of 1-year trastuzumab use. The cost of treatment was estimated using national standard treatment guidelines and real-world use estimates for different treatment modalities as per data from Indian cancer registries. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was undertaken to evaluate parameter uncertainty. RESULTS For 1 year of trastuzumab use, the incremental benefit per patient, incremental cost per QALY gained, and probability of being cost effective using HERA trial estimates were 1.29 QALYs, 178,877 Indian national rupees (INRs; US$2,558), and 4%, respectively, whereas the corresponding figures using joint analysis estimates were 1.69 QALYs, INR 134,413 (US$1,922), and 57.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION Use of trastuzumab for 1 year is not cost effective in India at the current price. However, trastuzumab use for 9 weeks is cost effective and should be included in clinical guidelines and reimbursement policies. A price reduction of 15% to 35% increases the probability of 1-year trastuzumab use being cost effective, to 90%.
Noninvasive quantification of axon radii using diffusion MRI

Axon caliber plays a crucial role in determining conduction velocity and, consequently, in the timing and synchronization of neural activation. Noninvasive measurement of axon radii could have significant impact on the understanding of healthy and diseased neural processes. Until now, accurate axon radius mapping has eluded in vivo neuroimaging, mainly due to a lack of sensitivity of the MRI signal to micron-sized axons. Here, we show how – when confounding factors such as extra-axonal water and axonal orientation dispersion are eliminated – heavily diffusion-weighted MRI signals become sensitive to axon radii. However, diffusion MRI is only capable of estimating a single metric, the effective radius, representing the entire axon radius distribution within a voxel that emphasizes the larger axons. Our findings, both in rodents and humans, enable noninvasive mapping of critical information on axon radii, as well as resolve the long-standing debate on whether axon radii can be quantified.
Evaluation of the Use of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Archive Gastric Tissues for Microbiota Characterization Using Next-Generation Sequencing

Large numbers of well-characterized clinical samples are fundamental to establish relevant associations between the microbiota and disease. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are routinely used and are widely available clinical materials. Since current approaches to study the microbiota are based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of FFPE gastric tissues for NGS-based microbiota characterization. Analysis of sequencing data revealed the presence of bacteria in the paraffin control. After the subtraction of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) present in the paraffin control to the FFPE tissue sample dataset, we evaluated the microbiota profiles between paired FFPE and frozen gastric tissues, and between different times of archiving. Compared with frozen gastric tissues, we detected a lower number of OTUs in the microbiota of paired FFPE tissues, regardless of the time of archiving. No major differences in microbial diversity were identified, but taxonomic variation in the relative abundance of phyla and orders was observed between the two preservation methods. This variation was also evident in each case and throughout the times of FFPE archiving. The use of FFPE tissues for NGS-based microbiota characterization should be considered carefully, as biases can be introduced by the embedding process and the time of tissue archiving.
Water amino acid chelated trace mineral-supplementation decreases circulating and intestinal HSP70 and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in heat-stressed broiler chickens.

Heat stress (HS) is a financial and physiological burden on the poultry industry and the mitigation of the adverse effects of HS is vital to poultry production sustainability. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to determine the effects of an amino acid chelated trace mineral supplement on growth performance, stress and inflammatory markers, and meat quality in heat-stressed broilers. One day-old Cobb 500 male broilers (n=480) were allocated into twelve environmental chambers (24 floor pens) and divided into two groups: one group supplemented with amino acid chelated trace mineral in drinking water and one control group. On d28, birds were subjected to chronic heat stress (HS, 2 weeks, 35°C and 20-30% RH) or maintained at thermoneutral condition (TN, 24°C) in a 2x2 factorial design. Feed intake, water consumption, and body weight were recorded. At d42, serum Fluorescein Isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D), and blood gas, electrolyte, and stress markers were measured. Jejunum samples were collected to measure gene expression of stress, inflammation, and tight junction proteins. The rest of birds were processed to evaluate carcass traits. HS resulted in an increase in core body temperature, which increased water intake and decreased feed intake, body weight, and feed efficiency (P<0.05). HS reduced carcass yield and the weight of all parts (P<0.05). HS significantly increased levels of circulating corticosterone, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), interleukin 18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) expression. HS significantly increased serum FITC-D levels and the expression of HSP70 and IL-18 in the jejunum. Although it did not affect growth performance, amino acid chelated trace mineral supplementation reversed the effect of HS by reducing corticosterone and FITC-D levels and the expression of stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation and the jejunum. However, it upregulated these parameters in birds maintained under TN conditions. Together, these data indicate that the amino acid chelated trace mineral might alleviate stress and inflammation and improve gut integrity in heat-stressed but not thermoneutral broilers.
QUALITY OF LIFE IN CAREGIVERS OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY AND GASTROSTOMY TUBE FEEDING.

BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in childhood. Caregivers of patients presenting tetraparesis cerebral palsy (TCP) and gastrostomy tube feeding (GTF) were selected for this study because both conditions represent a great demand for their caregivers. OBJECTIVE To describe the quality of life related to the state of health of caregivers of patients with TCP who were fed by gastrostomy, to assess the results linked to the mental health of these caregivers, to compare our data with data from other studies on children with cerebral palsy without gastrostomy and to evaluate the possible interference of gastrostomy in the quality of life. METHODS A number of 30 major caregivers were interviewed and assessed. Quality of life and mental health tools applied and analyzed only for caregivers were: Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), WHOQOL-BREF and Beck scales. Other information (age, gender, marital status, number of residents per household and psychological support) was evaluated. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze. A 5% significance level was adopted. RESULTS Results obtained through questionnaires are as follows: moderate hopelessness in 20% of caregivers (the higher the number of residents per household the higher the level of caregiver's hopelessness); moderate and severe anxiety in 33.33% of the sample studied; moderate and severe depression identified in 46.67% of interviewed caregivers; health-related quality of life of caregivers of patients with TCP were found to be below world averages; no significant figures for suicide potential were noted for the population under this study. CONCLUSION The HRQOL of caregivers of TCP patients who were fed by gastrostomy is below the average of the general population. Our results are very similar to those found in other studies that evaluated caregivers of patients with cerebral palsy with different degrees of neurological impairment and no report of using GTF, suggesting that the presence of gastrostomy did not negatively interfere with the caregiver's HRQOL.
Assessment of fracture risk in women with eating disorders: The utility of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-Clinical cohort study.

OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. The association between BMD and fracture risk in EDs is not well elucidated. We aimed to assess BMD in an ED cohort of patients with active disease and patients in remission, and to assess the predictive value of BMD on incidence of fractures. METHOD We included 344 female patients (median age 19, IQR 16; 24) referred to ED treatment. Later, patients were invited to follow-up including assessment of remission status and a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-scan. Information on fractures was obtained through the Danish National Registry of Patients. RESULTS Patients with current anorexia nervosa (AN) had significantly lower BMD compared to controls at lumbar spine (16% lower, p < .0001), femoral neck (18% lower, p < .0001), and total hip (23% lower, p < .0001). Recovered AN patients had higher BMD compared to those with current disease (p < .0001 for all measures), but lower BMD compared to controls at lumbar spine (p < .01) and hip (p < .001). BMD did not differ between BN patients and controls. In patients with active eating disorders not otherwise specified, BMD was lower only at the total hip (p < .005). We found no association between BMD and fracture risk. CONCLUSION We confirm that AN is associated with low BMD, whereas BN is not. Remission is associated with higher BMD compared to patients with active AN, but a deficit remains. We found no significant association between BMD and fracture risk, challenging the benefit of the widespread use of DXA scans in young women with ED. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00267228.
Identification of Potentially Therapeutic Target Genes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major threat to public health. However, few effective therapeutic strategies exist. We aimed to identify potentially therapeutic target genes of HCC by analyzing three gene expression profiles. Methods: The gene expression profiles were analyzed with GEO2R, an interactive web tool for gene differential expression analysis, to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses were then conducted followed by a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction with the common DEGs. The PPI network was employed to identify hub genes, and the expression level of the hub genes was validated via data mining the Oncomine database. Survival analysis was carried out to assess the prognosis of hub genes in HCC patients. Results: A total of 51 common up-regulated DEGs and 201 down-regulated DEGs were obtained after gene differential expression analysis of the profiles. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that these common DEGs are linked to a series of cancer events. We finally identified 10 hub genes, six of which (OIP5, ASPM, NUSAP1, UBE2C, CCNA2, and KIF20A) are reported as novel HCC hub genes. Data mining the Oncomine database validated that the hub genes have a significant high level of expression in HCC samples compared normal samples (t-test, p < 0.05). Survival analysis indicated that overexpression of the hub genes is associated with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in survival time in HCC patients. Conclusions: We identified six novel HCC hub genes that might be therapeutic targets for the development of drugs for some HCC patients.
Impulse control and related behaviors in Parkinson’s disease with dementia

The objective was to determine the frequency, demographic and clinical correlates [such as age, sex, Parkinson’s disease (PD) severity and dopaminergic treatment] of impulse control disorder (ICD) symptoms and related behaviors in patients with PD with (PD‐D) and without (PD‐ND) dementia.
Validity and characteristics of patient-evaluated adherence to medication via smartphones in patients with bipolar disorder: exploratory reanalyses on pooled data from the MONARCA I and II trials

Background Non-adherence to medication is associated with increased risk of relapse in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Objectives To (1) validate patient-evaluated adherence to medication measured via smartphones against validated adherence questionnaire; and (2) investigate characteristics for adherence to medication measured via smartphones. Methods Patients with BD (n=117) evaluated adherence to medication daily for 6–9 months via smartphones. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and the Rogers’ Empowerment questionnaires were filled out. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Functional Assessment Short Test were clinically rated. Data were collected multiple times per patient. The present study represents exploratory pooled reanalyses of data collected as part of two randomised controlled trials. Findings During the study 90.50% of the days were evaluated as ‘medication taken’, 6.91% as ‘medication taken with changes’ and 2.59% as ‘medication not taken’. Adherence to medication measured via smartphones was valid compared with the MARS (B: −0.049, 95% CI −0.095 to −0.003, p=0.033). Younger age and longer illness duration were significant predictors for non-adherence to medication (model concerning age: B: 0.0039, 95% CI 0.00019 to 0.0076, p=0.040). Decreased affective symptoms measured with smartphone-based patient-reported mood and clinical ratings as well as decreased empowerment were associated with non-adherence. Conclusions Smartphone-based monitoring of adherence to medication was valid compared with validated adherence questionnaire. Younger age and longer illness duration were predictors for non-adherence. Increased empowerment was associated with adherence. Clinical implications Using smartphones for empowerment of adherence using patient-reported measures may be helpful in everyday clinical settings. Trial registration number NCT01446406 and NCT02221336.
Ultrasonography in patients with chronic liver disease: its usefulness in the diagnosis of cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE To prospectively assess the usefulness of ultrasonography in predicting the presence of cirrhosis in patients with asymptomatic chronic liver disease in unknown stage. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eighteen doppler and ultrasonographic features were prospectively assessed immediately before performing laparoscopy and/or liver biopsy. Usefulness of predictive variables selected by multiple regression analysis and included in a scoring scale was determined by ROC curves. PATIENTS One hundred and thirteen consecutive patients with neither clinical nor biochemical signs of advanced liver disease submitted for study. RESULTS Liver enlargement, liver surface nodularity, liver parenchyma distortion, flattening of flow wave in hepatic veins, portal and splenic veins dilatation, decreased variability in splenic vein caliber with breathing. Collateral vessels, and splenomegaly were associated to cirrhosis. Multivariate analysis showed the joint assessment of hepatic echostructure, portal vein caliber and spleen area to be the best approach to ultrasonographic staging, with sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 92% and accuracy of 89% in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography enabled the presence or absence of cirrhosis to be correctly determined even in patients with asymptomatic disease. Combined assessment of hepatic echostructure, portal vein diameter and spleen size provides the highest accuracy.
Impact of Perovskite Composition on Film Formation Quality and Photophysical Properties for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

In recent years, flexible perovskite solar cells have drawn tremendous attention in the field of wearable devices, and optimization of perovskite composition plays an important role in improving film quality and photophysical properties. At present, some researchers have only studied A-site organic cations mixing or X-site halide anions mixing in the ABX3 structure of perovskite, but there are few reports on co-mixing of A-site and X-site ions in flexible perovskite solar cells. In this paper, we mainly try to study the effects of different concentrations of mixed formamidine methylamine halide (FAxMA1-xBrxClyI1-x-y) precursor solutions on the quality and photophysical properties of perovskite films under low temperature process. We conclude that the film quality and photophysical properties reached the best results when the optimized precursor solution concentration was 60:6:6. The investigation on composition optimization in this experiment laid the foundation for the improvement of the performance of flexible perovskite solar cells. We also use the results of this experiment to prepare flexible perovskite solar cells based on carbon electrodes, which are expected to be applied in other flexible optoelectronic or electro-optical devices.