Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secondary Surgery in Facial Feminization: Reasons and Recommendations

Background As facial feminization surgery (FFS) continues to grow in access and popularity, the need for secondary FFS can be expected to increase. The purpose of this study was to identify reasons for FFS reoperation and offer recommendations to minimize secondary surgery. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent FFS from October 2017 to 2021 was performed. Patients who underwent nonstaged secondary surgery were identified and sorted in 2 non–mutually exclusive surgical cohorts: additional surgery, defined as unplanned additional feminization surgery on previously unoperated facial units, and revision surgery, defined as redo surgery on previously operated facial units. Reasons for secondary surgery were examined in the context of the senior author's experience. Results Of 161 patients who underwent FFS, 41 (25.5%) underwent secondary surgery consisting of additional surgery (n = 32) and/or revision surgery (n = 30). There were no significant differences in clinical or demographic data between the secondary surgery and total FFS cohorts. Among additional surgery patients, facial units that had been previously operated on were as follows: nose (46.3%), trachea (31.7%), forehead/brow (22.0%), chin (12.2%), lips (9.8%), and cheeks (7.3%). Among revision patients, facial units revised were as follows: nose (36.6%), forehead/brow (26.8%), cheeks (17.1%), chin (17.1%), lips (12.5%), and trachea (2.4%). The main indication for revision for all facial units was undercorrection to feminine ideals. Conclusions One-quarter of patients who underwent FFS had prior FFS and/or sought revision. Keeping in mind that the dominant indication for revision was undercorrection, FFS surgeons can minimize the need for secondary surgery in the future.
Geometric actions for three-dimensional gravity

The solution space of three-dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter or flat Einstein gravity is given by the coadjoint representation of two copies of the Virasoro group in the former and the centrally extended BMS3 group in the latter case. Dynamical actions that control these solution spaces are usually constructed by starting from the Chern–Simons formulation and imposing all boundary conditions. In this note, an alternative route is followed. We study in detail how to derive these actions from a group-theoretical viewpoint by constructing geometric actions for each of the coadjoint orbits, including the appropriate Hamiltonians. We briefly sketch relevant generalizations and potential applications beyond three-dimensional gravity.
Postoperative Constipation Incidence and Effects of Selected Risk Factors on Constipation Development in Elderly Patients With Hip Fracture

Constipation is a common problem in the general population and is particularly prevalent among hospitalized elderly patients with hip fracture due to lack of mobility, medications, and lack of privacy associated with hospitalization. This study aimed to determine the incidence of postoperative constipation and the effects of selected risk factors on constipation development in elderly patients with hip fracture. The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective design. Data were collected on the second postoperative day and upon discharge. The study sample included 150 patients. The constipation incidence rate was found to be 77.70%. Of all the patients developing constipation, 87.70% did not have a normal bowel movement even upon discharge. A significant difference was found between constipation development and the total score for constipation risk assessment, postponing defecation, psychological or behavioral barriers to defecation in the hospital environment, preservation of privacy for defecation, and return to normal bowel movement upon discharge. Based on the results, nurses should determine the risk factors for constipation unique to each patient in the postoperative period and conduct appropriate preventive interventions.
Photometric studies of composite stellar systems. I - CO and JHK observations of E and S0 galaxies

Multiaperture infrared photometric observations of the central regions of 51 early-type galaxies and of the integrated light of five globular clusters are presented. These data are compared with selected optical observations and with various model predictions. The main results of the work are: (1) the observed parameters for the brighter galaxies, particularly the CO index and the V-K color, agree with the predictions of stellar synthesis models characterized by giant-dominated populations with mass/visual luminosity ratios less than 10; (2) the galaxian broad-band colors tend to redden with increasing luminosity and decreasing aperture size; (3) for the globular clusters, there is evidence that the integrated colors become redder with increasing metallicity; and (4) in bright galaxies the relative changes of U-V, V-J, and J-K as functions of radius may differ from the relative changes as functions of luminosity at a fixed radius.
Evaluation of dynamical properties of open quantum systems using the driven Liouville-von Neumann approach: methodological considerations

Methodological aspects of using the driven Liouville-von Neumann (DLvN) approach for simulating dynamical properties of molecular junctions are discussed. As a model system we consider a non-interacting resonant level uniformly coupled to a single Fermionic bath. We demonstrate how a finite system can mimic the depopulation dynamics of the dot into an infinite band bath of continuous and uniform density of states. We further show how the effects of spurious energy resolved currents, appearing due to the approximate nature of the equilibrium state obtained in DLvN calculations, can be avoided. Several ways to approach the wide band limit, which is often adopted in analytical treatments, using a finite numerical model system are discussed including brute-force increase of the lead model bandwidth as well as efficient cancellation or direct subtraction of finite-bandwidth effect. These methodological considerations may be relevant also for other numerical schemes that aim to study non-equilibrium thermodynamics via simulations of open quantum systems. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Detection of GeV Gamma-Ray Emission in the Direction of HESS J1731-347 with Fermi-LAT

We report the detection of GeV γ-ray emission from supernova remnant HESS J1731-347 using 9 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope data. We find a slightly extended GeV source in the direction of HESS J1731-347. The spectrum above 1 GeV can be fitted by a power law with an index of Γ = 1.77 ± 0.14, and the GeV spectrum connects smoothly with the TeV spectrum of HESS J1731-347. Either a hadronic–leptonic or a pure leptonic model can fit the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution of the source. However, the hard GeV γ-ray spectrum is more naturally produced in a leptonic (inverse Compton scattering) scenario, under the framework of diffusive shock acceleration. We also searched for the GeV γ-ray emission from the nearby TeV source HESS J1729-345. No significant GeV γ-ray emission is found, and upper limits are derived.
A TGAS/Gaia DR1 parallactic distance to the σ Orionis cluster

With the new Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS), I derive a new parallactic distance to the young σ Orionis open cluster, which is a cornerstone region for studying the formation and evolution of stars and substellar objects from tens of solar masses to a few Jupiter masses. I started with the list of the 46 brightest cluster stars of Caballero (2007). After identifying the 24 TGAS stars in the 30 arcmin-radius survey area and accounting for 11 FGKM-type dwarfs and giants in the foreground and background, I got a list of 13 cluster members and candidates with new parallaxes. Of them, I discarded five cluster member candidates with questionable features of youth and/or discordant parallaxes and proper motions, including a distant Herbig Ae/Be star, and proceeded with the remaining eight stars. The σ Orionis mean heliocentric distance is d = 360 − 35 + 44 p c , which is consistent with a contemporaneous interferometric determination that concludes a two-decade dispute on the cluster distance. As a by-product, the reclassification of those five cluster member candidates, now interlopers, shows a manifest deficit of cluster stars between 1.2 and 2.1 M⊙, which leaves the door open to new astrometric membership analyses with the next Gaia data releases.
A CCD Study of the Environment of Seyfert Galaxies. III. Host Galaxies and the Nearby Environments

A technique is described that permits the robust decomposition of the bulge and disk components of a sample of Seyfert galaxies, as well as a (control) sample of nonactive galaxies matched to the Seyferts in the distributions of redshift, luminosity, and morphological classification. The structural parameters of the host galaxies in both samples are measured. No statistically significant differences at greater than the 95% level are found in these parameters according to a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. "Companion galaxies"—defined as any galaxy within a projected separation of 200 h-1 kpc from the center of the host—are identified and their basic properties measured. A comparison between the active and control samples in the distributions of apparent R magnitude, absolute R magnitude (assuming the companions are at the distance of the host), projected separation from the host, position angle relative to the host, magnitude difference between the companion and host, and strength of the tidal parameter shows no statistically significant differences. Similarly, no statistically significant differences are found between the control and active sample host galaxies in terms of light asymmetries—bars, rings, isophotal twisting, etc. The implications for a model in which interactions and mergers are responsible for inciting activity in galactic nuclei are discussed briefly.
Ocean waves and ice sheets

A complete analytical study is presented of the reflection and transmission of surface gravity waves incident on ice-covered ocean. The ice cover is idealized as a plate of elastic material for which flexural motions are described by the Timoshenko–Mindlin equation. A suitable non-dimensionalization extracts parameters useful for the characterization of ocean-wave and ice-sheet interactions, and for scaled laboratory studies. The scattering problem is simplified using Fourier transforms and the Wiener–Hopf technique; the solution is eventually written down in terms of some easily evaluated quadratures. An important feature of this solution is that the physical conditions at the edge of the ice sheet are explicitly built into the analysis, and power-flow theorems provide verification of the results. Asymptotic results for large and small values of the non-dimensional parameters are extracted and approximations are given for general parameter values.
Association of Staphylococcus nasal colonization and HIV in end-stage renal failure patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Abstract Introduction: Staphylococcal infections can cause significant morbidity in patients undergoing dialysis. This study evaluated the effects of HIV infection on nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcal peritonitis, and catheter infection rates in patients with end-stage renal failure managed with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods: Sixty HIV-positive and 59 HIV-negative CAPD patients were enrolled and followed up for up to 18 months. S. aureus nasal carriage (detected by nasal swab culture), Staphylococcal peritonitis (diagnosed by clinical presentation, and CAPD effluent Staphylococcal culture and white blood cell count ≥100 cells/µL), and catheter infections (including exit site and tunnel infections) were assessed monthly. Results: At 18 months, S. aureus nasal carriage rates were 43.3% and 30.5% (p = 0.147) and the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage rates were 31.7% and 13.6% (p = 0.018) for the HIV-positive and HIV-negative cohorts, respectively. The HIV-positive cohort was associated with increased hazards for staphylococcal peritonitis, (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–6.84, p = 0.019) due to increased coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CNS) peritonitis rate in the HIV-positive cohort compared with the HIV-negative cohort (0.435 vs. 0.089 episodes/person-years; AHR 7.64, CI 2.18–26.82, p = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, CD4+ cell count <200 cells/µL, diabetes, and S. aureus nasal carriage were found to be independent predictors of S. aureus peritonitis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that HIV infection may be a risk factor for MRSA nasal colonization and may increase the risks of CNS peritonitis, while a CD4+ cell count <200 cells/µL and S. aureus nasal carriage may be important predictors of S. aureus peritonitis.
Analogue recurrent neural network for linear algebraic equation solving

A new recurrent neural network (RNN) is presented for solving online linear time-invariant (LTI) equations, which has been developed based ingeniously on a vector-valued error-function rather than a scalar-valued norm-based function. Theoretical analysis and simulation results both substantiate the efficacy of such an RNN model for online LTI equation solving.
Multiscale simulations of topological transformations in magnetic Skyrmions

Magnetic Skyrmions belong to the most interesting spin structures for the development of future information technology as they have been predicted to be topologically protected. To quantify their stability, we use an innovative multiscale approach to simulating spin dynamics based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The multiscale approach overcomes the micromagnetic limitations that have hindered realistic studies using conventional techniques. We first demonstrate how the stability of a Skyrmion is influenced by the refinement of the computational mesh and reveal that conventionally employed traditional micromagnetic simulations are inadequate for this task. Furthermore, we determine the stability quantitatively using our multiscale approach. As a key operation for devices, the process of annihilating a Skyrmion by exciting it with a spin polarized current pulse is analyzed, showing that Skyrmions can be reliably deleted by designing the pulse shape.
Length functions on integral domains

Let R be an integral domain and x E R which is a product of irreducible elements. Let 1(x) and L(x) denote respectively the inf and sup of the lengths of factorizations of x into a product of irreducible elements. We show that the two limits, 7(x) and L(x) , of l(xn)/n and L(xn)/n, respectively, as n goes to infinity always exist. Moreover, for any 0 L(x) + L(y) for all x, y E R* which are a product of irreducible elements. An integral domain R is atomic if each nonunit of R* is a product of irreducible elements. Any Noetherian domain, or more generally, any domain which satisfies the ascending chain condition on principal ideals (ACCP) is atomic; however, an atomic domain need not satisfy ACCP [2, 5]. If R is an atomic domain, we have thus defined two length functions IR: R* -* Z+ and Received by the editors May 29, 1990 and, in revised form, June 27, 1990; this paper was presented to the American Mathematical Society, Special Session on Commutative Algebra, Denton, Texas, November 2, 1990. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 1 3A05, 1 3G05. The first author was supported in part by a National Security Agency Grant. This research was begun while the second author participated in an NSF sponsored REU program at the University of Tennessee during the summer of 1989. This paper was presented at the Denton, Texas AMS meeting, November 2, 1990, in the Special Session on Commutative Algebra (by David F. Anderson). 1991 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/91 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
Under What Circumstances Does External Knowledge About the Correlation Structure Improve Power in Cluster Randomized Designs?

Abstract Recent publications have drawn attention to the idea of utilizing prior information about the correlation structure to improve statistical power in cluster randomized experiments. Because power in cluster randomized designs is a function of many different parameters, it has been difficult for applied researchers to discern a simple rule explaining when prior correlation information will substantially improve power. This article provides bounds on the maximum possible improvement in power as a function of a single parameter, the number of clusters at the highest level of a multilevel experiment. The maximum improvement in power is less than 0.05 unless the number of clusters at the highest level is less than 20. Thus, the utility of using prior correlation information is limited to experiments with very small cluster-level sample sizes. Situations where small cluster-level sample sizes could still result in experiments with good statistical power are discussed, as is the relative utility of prior information about intracluster correlations as compared with covariate information that can explain cluster level variability in the outcome.
Implications of New JHK Photometry and a Deep Infrared Luminosity Function for the Galactic Bulge

We present deep near-IR photometry for Galactic bulge stars in Baade's Window, $(l,b) = (1.0\deg, -3.9\deg),$ and another minor axis field at $(l,b) = (0^\circ,-6^\circ)$. We combine our data with previously published photometry and construct a luminosity function over the range $5.5 \leq K_0 \leq 16.5$, deeper than any previously published. The slope of this luminosity function and the magnitude of the tip of the first ascent giant branch are consistent with theoretical values derived from isochrones with appropriate age and metallicity. We use the relationship between [Fe/H] and the giant branch slope derived from near-IR observations of metal rich globular clusters by Kuchinski {\it et al.} [AJ, 109, 1131 (1995)] to calculate the mean metallicity for several bulge fields along the minor axis. For Baade's Window we derive $\langle {\rm[Fe/H]}\rangle = -0.28 \pm 0.16$, consistent with the recent estimate of McWilliam \& Rich [ApJS, 91, 749 (1994)], but somewhat lower than previous estimates based on CO and TiO absorption bands and the $JHK$ colors of M giants by Frogel {\it et al.} [ApJ, 353, 494 (1990)]. Between $b = -3\deg$ and $-12\deg$ we find a gradient in $\langle {\rm [Fe/H]}\rangle$ of $-0.06 \pm 0.03$ dex/degree or $-0.43 \pm 0.21$ dex/kpc for $R_0 = 8$ kpc, consistent with other independent derivations. We derive a helium abundance for Baade's Window with the $R$ and $R^\prime$ methods and find that $Y = 0.27 \pm 0.03$ implying $\Delta Y / \Delta Z = 3.3 \pm 1.3$. Next, we find that the bolometric corrections for bulge K giants ($V - K \leq 2$) are in excellent agreement with empirical derivations based on observations of globular cluster and local field stars. However, for the redder M giants we
Behaviour change techniques and theory use in healthcare professional-delivered infant feeding interventions to prevent childhood obesity: a systematic review

ABSTRACT The conceptual basis of early childhood feeding interventions for obesity prevention is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review is to characterise these interventions’ use of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and psychological theory, focusing on interventions delivered by healthcare professionals for children ≤ 2 years. We searched seven electronic databases from inception to January 2019 and identified 12 trials. BCTs and theory use were identified using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 and the Theory Coding Scheme respectively. Interventions used 19 BCTs, most commonly ‘Instruction on how to perform the behaviour’ (12 of 12 studies) and ‘Social support (unspecified)’ (8 of 12 studies). The mean number of BCTs used was 5.1. Six trials explicitly stated basing interventions on theory, most commonly social cognitive theory and responsive feeding (4 of 6 studies each). Links between theory use and BCTs were poor. Early childhood feeding interventions have insufficiently integrated psychological theories into their development and evaluation. We recommend greater consideration of psychological theory incorporating family and systems approaches and responsive feeding in future intervention development. Moreover, these theories should explicitly link with BCTs. These theories and BCTs should also be included in the evaluation phase.
Sub-morbid dehydration-associated glomerular hyperfiltration: An emerging reality?

Background Severe dehydration decreases renal perfusion. However, it is unclear whether sub-morbid dehydration affects kidney function similarly. Although there have been numerous animal and human studies that have suggested mild dehydration is associated with glomerular hyperfiltration, it has not been confirmed on a large-scale in the general population. Therefore, we aimed to identify the relationship between hydration status and kidney function. Methods We reviewed the data of 28,342 adults who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Urine specific gravity unit (SGU) was the primary variable that indicated hydration status, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was used as the primary outcome. Results Multivariate linear regression analysis showed urine SGU was positively associated with eGFR, which was J-shaped in the multivariate generalized additive model plot. In the penalized spline curve analysis, the odds ratio for high eGFR was steadily increased. Although increased urine SGU was associated with decreased blood pressure and pulse rate, it had no effect on increased fasting glucose and total cholesterol, suggesting conflicting cardio-metabolic dehydration effects. Conclusion Dehydration, presumably sub-morbid in an ambulatory community-dwelling general population, is associated with higher kidney function. The clinical significance of sub-morbid dehydration-associated glomerular hyperfiltration needs further investigation.
Dissociative ionisation and charge transfer in He+-O2 collisions

The energy and angular distribution of secondary oxygen ions produced in He+-O2 collisions has been investigated within the energy range 3-25 keV. Dissociative charge transfer processes dominate and involve many exoergic and endoergic channels. Cross sections for capture into the c 4 Sigma u- and B 2 Sigma g- predissociating states of O2+ have been separately determined. Angular distributions of the fragment ions exhibit anisotropies characteristic of momentum transfer and short predissociation lifetimes.
The rotational excitation of OCS by He at low temperatures

Cross-sections and rate coefficients have been calculated for the excitation of rotational levels of OCS by He at low temperatures . The quantum mechanical coupled channels method was used, without significant approximations other than the finite size of the basis set. The results are compared with those calculated by Green & Chapman for the excitation of OCS by para-H2.
Numerical solutions to the critical state in a magnet–high temperature superconductor interaction

This paper presents an algorithm to simulate the electromagnetic behaviour of devices containing high temperature superconductors in axially symmetric problems. The numerical method is built within the finite element method. The electromagnetic properties of HTSCs are described through the critical-state model. Measurements of the axial force between a permanent magnet and a melt-textured YBCO puck are obtained in order to validate the method. This simple system is modelled so that the proposed method obtains the current distribution and electromagnetic fields in the HTSC. The forces in the interaction between the magnet and the HTSC puck can then be calculated. A comparison between experimental and simulation results shows good matching. The simplification of using the critical-state model and ignoring flux creep in this type of configuration is also explored.