Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TARDIS. I. A Constrained Reconstruction Approach to Modeling the z ∼ 2.5 Cosmic Web Probed by Lyα Forest Tomography

Recent Lyα forest tomography measurements of the intergalactic medium (IGM) have revealed a wealth of cosmic structures at high redshift (z ∼ 2.5). In this work, we present the Tomographic Absorption Reconstruction and Density Inference Scheme (TARDIS), a new chronocosmographic analysis tool for understanding the formation and evolution of these observed structures. We use maximum likelihood techniques with a fast nonlinear gravitational model to reconstruct the initial density field of the observed regions. We find that TARDIS allows accurate reconstruction of smaller-scale structures than standard Wiener-filtering techniques. Applying this technique to mock Lyα forest data sets that simulate ongoing and future surveys such as CLAMATO, Subaru PFS, or the ELTs, we are able to infer the underlying matter density field at observed redshift and classify the cosmic web structures. We find good agreement with the underlying truth in both the characteristic eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the pseudo-deformation tensor, with the eigenvalues inferred from 30 m class telescopes correlated at r = 0.95 relative to the truth. As an output of this method, we are able to further evolve the inferred structures to late time (z = 0) and also track the trajectories of coeval z = 2.5 galaxies to their z = 0 cosmic web environments.
Parabolic Minkowski convolutions of viscosity solutions to fully nonlinear equations

This paper is concerned with the Minkowski convolution of viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear parabolic equations. We adopt this convolution to compare viscosity solutions of initial-boundary value problems in different domains. As a consequence, we can for instance obtain parabolic power concavity of solutions to a general class of parabolic equations. Our results apply to the Pucci operator, the normalized $q$-Laplacians with $1<q\leq\infty$, the Finsler Laplacian and more general quasilinear operators.
Variation of stable birational types in positive characteristic

Let k be an uncountable algebraically closed field and let Y be a smooth projective k-variety which does not admit a decomposition of the diagonal. We prove that Y is not stably birational to a very general hypersurface of any given degree and dimension. We use this to study the variation of the stable birational types of Fano hypersurfaces over fields of arbitrary characteristic. This had been initiated by Shinder, whose method works in characteristic zero. Comment: 14 pages; final version, published in EPIGA
Asymptotically flat extensions with charge

The Bartnik mass is a notion of quasi-local mass which is remarkably difficult to compute. Mantoulidis and Schoen [2016] developed a novel technique to construct asymptotically flat extensions of minimal Bartnik data in such a way that the ADM mass of these extensions is well-controlled, and thus, they were able to compute the Bartnik mass for minimal spheres satisfying a stability condition. In this work, we develop extensions and gluing tools, a la Mantoulidis and Schoen, for time-symmetric initial data sets for the Einstein-Maxwell equations that allow us to compute the value of an ad-hoc notion of charged Barnik mass for suitable charged minimal Bartnik data.
Knowledge Sharing, Innovation and Firm Performance: Evidence from Turkey

The aim of this study is to determine relationship between knowledge sharing, innovation and firm performance. In the current study, a survey was conducted on a total of 150 high-tech companies operating in Istanbul, Ankara and Antalya. In the analysis results, it is seen that innovation speed and quality affect both the operational and financial performance of firms. In other words, as innovation speed and quality increase, so does the operational and financial performance of firms. Another important finding obtained in the current study is that explicit knowledge sharing, and tacit knowledge sharing have a positive effect on firm performance. A high level of innovation encompasses new products, processes or applications in most company activities. As a result, innovation can create a competitive advantage by creating synergy in the activities of companies and encourage creativity.
Immunotherapy in recurrent and or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Purpose of review Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) are revolutionizing the treatment of advanced cancers including recurrent and or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (RM-SCCHN). Recent findings In this review, we will summarize the results of prospective trials evaluating CPI and particularly antiprogrammed death 1 (PD-1)/antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in RM-SCCHN. Summary Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab, two anti-PD-1 CPI, were associated with longer overall survival than standard chemotherapy in pretreated RM-SCCHN in two randomized phase 3 trials (respectively CHECKMATE-141 and KEYNOTE-040). Both are now approved in this setting. In the KEYNOTE-048 trial, the pembrolizumab was also associated with a longer survival when compared with the EXTREME regimen in first-line RM-SCCHN patients whose tumors overexpressed PD-L1 (combined positive score ≥20%). This trial also showed a superiority of platinum-based chemotherapy and pembrolizumab vs. EXTREME regimen in unselected first-line RM-SCCHN. Pembrolizumab will probably be the next standard of care for first-line RM-SCCHN with high expression of PD-L1. Further evaluation of CPI combined with other antitumoral agents is ongoing in advanced and locally advanced SCCHN.
Normative nasalance scores in the production of words and syllables for Brazilian Portuguese speakers

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine normative nasalance scores for non-cleft children, adolescents and adults, native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, during the production of words and syllables, for cross-linguistic comparisons in populations with and without cleft palate. Nasalance was assessed in 62 individuals, aged 6–10 years (n = 20), 11–17 years (n = 20) and 18–35 years (n = 22), using a nasometer II model 6450 (KayPENTAX), during production of one sequence of nine oral words (pipa, bis, burro, tatu, pilha, cuca, gui, fila, luz) and of sequences of isolated syllables (e.g. pa, pa, pa, pa, pa, pa) composed of plosive, fricative, liquid and nasal consonants with high and low vowels. In order to validate the new nasalance stimuli, nasalance scores for traditional oral and nasal stimuli were also obtained. Differences were analyzed at a significance level of 0.01. Mean nasalance scores (±SD) during the production of the sequence of words were 18 ± 5% (children), 18 ± 7% (adolescents) and 21 ± 5% (adults). Differences between age groups were not significant. During the production of syllables, adults had the highest mean nasalance scores (except for syllable /mi/); significant differences between age groups were observed only for /pa/ ,/sa/ and /la/. Nasalance scores were significantly higher in oral and nasal syllables with high vowels than with low vowels, and in nasal syllables than in oral syllables with high and low vowels. The nasalance scores obtained for the sentences were comparable to previously established norms. In conclusion, the nasalance scores defined for Brazilian Portuguese speakers, in different stimuli, may be adopted as normative values for local and cross-language comparisons in the identification of hypernasality related to conditions such as cleft palate, neurogenic disorders and syndromes.
Predicting factors and prediction model for discriminating between fungal infection and bacterial infection in severe microbial keratitis

A retrospective medical record review including 344 patients who were admitted with severe microbial keratitis at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, from January 2010 to December 2016 was conducted. Causative organisms were identified in 136 patients based on positive culture results, pathological reports and confocal microscopy findings. Eighty-six eyes (63.24%) were bacterial keratitis, while 50 eyes (36.76%) were fungal keratitis. Demographics, clinical history, and clinical findings from slit-lamp examinations were collected. We found statistically significant differences between fungal and bacterial infections in terms of age, occupation, contact lens use, underlying ocular surface diseases, previous ocular surgery, referral status, and duration since onset (p < 0.05). For clinical features, depth of lesions, feathery edge, satellite lesions and presence of endothelial plaque were significantly higher in fungal infection compared to bacterial infection with odds ratios of 2.97 (95%CI 1.43–6.15), 3.92 (95%CI 1.62–9.45), 6.27 (95%CI 2.26–17.41) and 8.00 (95%CI 3.45–18.59), respectively. After multivariate analysis of all factors, there were 7 factors including occupation, history of trauma, duration since onset, depth of lesion, satellite lesions, endothelial plaque and stromal melting that showed statistical significance at p < 0.05. We constructed the prediction model based on these 7 identified factors. The model demonstrated a favorable receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC = 0.79, 95%CI 0.72–0.86) with correct classification, sensitivity and specificity of 81.48%, 70% and 88.24%, respectively at the optimal cut-off point. In conclusion, we propose potential prediction factors and prediction model as an adjunctive tool for clinicians to rapidly differentiate fungal infection from bacterial infection in severe microbial keratitis patients.
Prediction of Glucose Intolerance in Early Postpartum in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on the 2013 WHO Criteria

Predictors for glucose intolerance postpartum were evaluated in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. 1841 women were tested for GDM in a prospective cohort study. A postpartum 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in women with GDM at 14 ± 4.1 weeks. Of all 231 mothers with GDM, 83.1% (192) had a postpartum OGTT of which 18.2% (35) had glucose intolerance. Women with glucose intolerance were more often of Asian origin [15.1% vs. 3.7%, OR 4.64 (1.26–17.12)], had more often a recurrent history of GDM [41.7% vs. 26.7%, OR 3.68 (1.37–9.87)], higher fasting glycaemia (FPG) [5.1 (4.5–5.3) vs. 4.6 (4.3–5.1) mmol/L, OR 1.05 (1.01–1.09)], higher HbA1c [33 (31–36) vs. 32 (30–33) mmol/mol, OR 4.89 (1.61–14.82)], and higher triglycerides [2.2 (1.9–2.8) vs. 2.0 (1.6–2.5) mmol/L, OR 1.00 (1.00–1.01)]. Sensitivity of glucose challenge test (GCT) ≥7.2 mmol/l for glucose intolerance postpartum was 80% (63.1%–91.6%). The area under the curve to predict glucose intolerance was 0.76 (0.65–0.87) for FPG, 0.54 (0.43–0.65) for HbA1c and 0.75 (0.64–0.86) for both combined. In conclusion, nearly one-fifth of women with GDM have glucose intolerance postpartum. A GCT ≥7.2 mmol/L identifies a high risk population for glucose intolerance postpartum.
Memory for temporal order in novel sequential action

ABSTRACT Order is critical for many daily activities. Developmental research has shown that memory for order in action is the least prioritised in a processing hierarchy, and is sensitive to deviant input. The current research investigated these aspects of sequence learning are also present in adults. Participants learned a novel sequence across several exemplars with either easy- or difficult-to-categorize items, which either did or did not involve a deviant order on one exemplar, and were later asked to recall the sequence. Memory for individual sub-actions and order was stronger in the easy conditions, and the deviant order significantly deteriorated ordered recall in the difficult condition only. These findings support the theorised processing hierarchy, with the presence of a deviant order having a larger effect on memory when the load at the earlier item stage is increased. These results have implications for theories of working memory and learning in real-world contexts.
Electronic states of (InGa)(AsSb)/GaAs/GaP quantum dots

Detailed theoretical studies of the electronic structure of (InGa)(AsSb)/GaAs/GaP quantum dots are presented. This system is unique since it exhibits concurrently direct and indirect transitions both in real and momentum space and is attractive for applications in quantum information technology, showing advantages as compared to the widely studied (In,Ga)As/GaAs dots. We proceed from the inspection of the confinement potentials for ${\bf k}\neq 0$ and ${\bf k}= 0$ conduction and ${\bf k}= 0$ valence bands, through the formulation of ${\bf k}\cdot{\bf p}$ calculations for ${\bf k}$-indirect transitions, up to the excitonic structure of $\Gamma$-transitions. Throughout this process we compare the results obtained for dots on both GaP and GaAs substrates enabling us to make a direct comparison to the (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dot system. We also discuss the realization of quantum gates.
Glucose metabolism pattern of peripheral blood immune cells in myasthenia gravis patients

Background We investigated the correlation between glucose metabolism patterns of different immune cells and the metabolic regulatory signaling pathways in myasthenia gravis (MG) and aimed to identify therapeutic targets for MG. Methods We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and sorted CD19+B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD4+CD25−T cells, and T helper (Th) cells such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Then, we detected the expression levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α, GLUT1, hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) by RT-PCR, measured the oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate of ex vivo freshly sorted cells using the Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer. In addition, we compared the glycolysis levels using these cells from the same MG patients. By performing in vitro experiments, we measured, the mRNA expression levels of mTOR, HIF-1α, B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R), GLUT1, HK, PFK, and PK, in addition to ECAR profiles, frequency of CD80 and CD86, and IgG levels from the culture supernatant of B cells (isolated from MG patients) treated with rapamycin and PX-478 (selective mTOR and HIF-1α inhibitor, respectively) from. Results Except PBMCs, Th2 and CD8+ T cells, the expression levels of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis and HIF-1α were significantly higher in B cells, DCs, Tregs, CD4+CD25−T cells, and Th1 and Th17 cells in MG patients, and the measurement of ECAR and OCR confirmed the metabolic status. In MG patients, B cells and DCs showed significantly higher levels of glycolysis and glycolytic capacity than CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and its subsets. In vitro, except IgG levels, the increased glycolysis levels, expression of key glycolytic enzymes, BAFF-R and frequency of CD80 and CD86 of B cells, could be inhibited by rapamycin and PX-478. Conclusions Different subtypes of immune cells in MG exhibit different glucose metabolism patterns. The mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway might be the immunometabolism reprogramming checkpoint of glycolysis-dependent activated B cells in MG.
Parenting practices that may encourage and discourage physical activity in preschool-age children of Brazilian immigrant families: A qualitative study

Brazilians are a rapidly increasing Latino immigrant group in the United States (US), yet little research has examined factors influencing physical activity (PA) levels and behaviors of children growing up in Brazilian immigrant families. This information is needed to develop culturally sensitive interventions tailored to this population. Therefore, this qualitative study explored PA parenting practices used by Brazilian immigrant mothers living in the US. Thirty-seven Brazilian immigrant mothers with at least one child between the ages of 2 and 5 years participated in 1of 7 focus group discussions. Thematic analysis identified seven parenting practices that mothers employ that may encourage or facilitate physical activity their preschool-aged children’s PA including: 1) modeling PA; 2) engaging and being physically active with child; 3) providing logistic support; 4) encouraging, praising, and offering motivational support; 5) watching, supervising, and teaching children how to engage in PA; 6) monitoring and setting limits to child’s screen time; and 7) prompting child to be physically active. In addition, analysis identified four parenting practices that may discourage or inhibit children’s PA including: 1) modeling of sedentary behaviors; 2) having rules and restrictions due to safety- and weather-related concerns; 3) limiting child’s outdoor time due to parental time constraints; and 4) restricting child’s outdoor and play time as punishment. Furthermore, analyses demonstrated that social contextual factors (e.g., income, housing, neighborhood safety, etc.) influence mothers’ PA parenting practices and consequently, their children’s PA. This is the first qualitative study, to our knowledge, to explore PA parenting practices of Brazilian-born immigrant mothers living in the US. Future research should further explore PA parenting practices of Brazilian immigrant parents including quantifying PA parenting practices that encourage and discourage PA, as well as examining the influence of fathers’ PA parenting practices on young children’s PA.
Interaction of the dopaminergic and Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ on central feed intake regulation in chicken

ABSTRACT 1. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of the central dopaminergic system on N/OFQ-induced feed intake in 3-h feed-deprived neonatal broilers. 2. In experiment 1, chicken received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of a control solution, SCH 23 390 (D1 receptors antagonist, 5 nmol), N/OFQ (16 nmol) or their combination (SCH23 390 + N/OFQ). In experiment 2, a control solution, AMI-193 (D2 receptors antagonist, 5 nmol), N/OFQ (16 nmol) or their combination (AMI-193 + N/OFQ) were ICV injected into chickens. In experiment 3, birds received ICV injections of a control solution, NGB2904 (D3 receptors antagonist, 6.4 nmol), N/OFQ (16 nmol) and co-injection of NGB2904 + N/OFQ. In experiment 4, ICV injections of the control solution, L-741,742 (D4 receptors antagonist, 6 nmol), N/OFQ (16 nmol) or their combination (L-741,742 + N/OFQ) were applied to broilers. In experiment 5, birds were ICV injected with control solution, L-DOPA (dopamine precursor, 125 nmol), N/OFQ (16 nmol) and L-DOPA + N/OFQ. Cumulative feed intake was recorded until 120 min after injection. 3. According to the results, ICV injection of N/OFQ significantly increased feed intake (P < 0.05). Co-injection of N/OFQ and D1 receptor antagonist (SCH 23390) amplified hyperphagic effect of N/OFQ (P < 0.05). The N/OFQ-induced feed intake was increased by the D2 receptor antagonist (P < 0.05). The hyperphagic effect of N/PFQ was weakened by co-injection of L-DOPA + N/OFQ (P < 0.05). 4. These results suggested that an interaction exists between dopamine and N/OFQ via D1 and D2 receptors on central feed intake in neonatal broiler chickens.
A hierarchical classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Identifying the distinguishing features in 3D spinal deformities

This study aimed to identify the differentiating parameters of the spinal curves’ 2D projections through a hierarchical classification of the 3D spinal curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A total number of 103 right thoracic left lumbar pre-operative AIS patients were included retrospectively and consecutively. A total number of 20 non-scoliotic adolescents were included as the control group. All patients had biplanar X-rays and 3D reconstructions of the spine. The 3D spinal curve was calculated by interpolating the center of vertebrae and was isotropically normalized. A hierarchical classification of the normalized spinal curves was developed to group the patients based on the similarity of their 3D spinal curve. The spinal curves’ 2D projections and clinical spinal measurements in the three anatomical planes were then statistically compared between these groups and between the scoliotic subtypes and the non-scoliotic controls. A total of 5 patient groups of right thoracic left lumbar AIS patients were identified. The characteristics of the posterior-anterior and sagittal views of the spines were: Type 1: Normal sagittal profile and S shape axial view. T1 is leveled or tilted to the right in the posterior view. Type 2: Hypokyphotic and a V shape axial view. T1 is tilted to the left in the posterior view. Type 3: Hypokyphotic (only T5-T10) and frontal imbalance, S shape axial view. T1 is leveled or tilted to the right, and 3 frontal curves. Type 4: Flat sagittal profile (T1-L2), slight frontal imbalance with a V shape axial view, T1 tilted to the left. Type 5: flat sagittal profile and forward trunk shift with a proximal kyphosis and S shape axial view. T1 is leveled or tilted to the right. In conclusion, a hierarchical classification of the 3D scoliotic spine allowed identifying various distinguishing features of the spinal curves in patients with a right thoracic curve in an orderly fashion. The subtypes’ characteristics resulting from this 3D classification can be identified from the pairs of the frontal and sagittal spinal curves i.e. X-rays in right thoracic AIS patients.
Probing the Need for Visual Context in Multimodal Machine Translation

Current work on multimodal machine translation (MMT) has suggested that the visual modality is either unnecessary or only marginally beneficial. We posit that this is a consequence of the very simple, short and repetitive sentences used in the only available dataset for the task (Multi30K), rendering the source text sufficient as context. In the general case, however, we believe that it is possible to combine visual and textual information in order to ground translations. In this paper we probe the contribution of the visual modality to state-of-the-art MMT models by conducting a systematic analysis where we partially deprive the models from source-side textual context. Our results show that under limited textual context, models are capable of leveraging the visual input to generate better translations. This contradicts the current belief that MMT models disregard the visual modality because of either the quality of the image features or the way they are integrated into the model.