Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender, income and mental health: The Turkish case

Gender gaps in health outcomes are frequently observed. Mental health disorders also display gender differences in various countries. This paper explores gender differences in mental health outcomes of individuals in Turkey. It aims to deliver additional evidence on associations between gender, income and mental health status by providing an empirical analysis from a developing country, Turkey. This study employs a nationally representative data set from Turkish Health Survey of 2016. It constructs an index for mental health at individual level by using polychoric principal component analysis. Conditional mixed process models are estimated for quantification of associations between gender, income and mental health measures. Empirical findings indicate that there is endogenous and positive relationship between household income level and mental health status of individuals in Turkey. Turkish females report lower mental health statuses than Turkish males. Furthermore, females are more likely to use mental health services in Turkey. Gender gaps in both mental health status and mental health service use are present in the Turkish case. Results of this study imply that mental health policies should avoid applying one-fit-all approaches.
Brexit: The influence of motivation to respond without prejudice, willingness to disagree, and attitudes to immigration.

Britain's unexpected vote to leave the European Union (Brexit) in June 2016 has proved divisive and damaging both within the United Kingdom and internationally. Across two correlational studies, the current research proposed a model to explain the Brexit vote, with attitudes to immigration and willingness to disagree (WD) as direct predictors of the referendum result, and internal (IMS) and external (EMS) motivation to respond without prejudice as indirect predictors. Study 1 (N = 353) and Study 2 (N = 363) both showed good fit with the model and, respectively, explained 48% and 46% of the referendum result. More positive attitudes to immigration predicted a vote to remain. Higher IMS and lower EMS predicted a vote to remain, fully mediated by attitudes to immigration. In Study 1, lower WD also predicted a vote to remain, both directly and indirectly via attitudes to immigration, although this was not replicated in Study 2. These results are discussed both in relation to the Brexit result, and the implications for motivation to respond without prejudice, WD, and political correctness more generally.
Identification of a small heat-shock protein associated with a ras-mediated signaling pathway in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis

Initiation, development, and establishment of a functional ectomycorrhiza involve a series of biochemical events mediated by a number of genes from the fungus as well as the host plant. We have identified a heat shock protein gene from Laccaria bicolor (Lbhsp) that appears to play a role in these events. The size and characteristics of Lbhsp suggest that it belongs to the family of small heat-shock proteins described in the literature. Nucleotide sequencing of an almost full length cDNA indicated that the Lbhsp mRNA is about 611 nucleotides long and codes for a single protein of ~ 17 kDa. Isolation and characterization of the Lbhsp gene showed that it was made up of three exons separated by two small introns. Southern analysis suggested that the L. bicolor genome contains at least two copies of the Lbhsp gene. Temporal expression analyses revealed that the gene is expressed within 4 to 12 hours after interaction with red pine roots. The yeast two-hybrid studies showed that the Lbhsp was closely associated with the ras gene (Lbras) described earlier. The data suggest that Lbhsp may play a supporting role in ras-mediated mycorrhizal signaling pathways during various stages of ectomycorrhizal development.
The response of the lymphatic endothelium to inflammation and infection in in vitro and in vivo systems

The lymphatic endothelium is involved in the drainage of interstitial fluid and in the migration of immune cells like dendritic cells (DCs) from the periphery to draining lymph nodes (LNs). Tuberculosis has been declared a pandemic infectious disease accounting for more than 2 million deaths annually and is caused by the intracellular bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The chronic inflammatory response to M. tuberculosis infection is characterized by the formation of granulomatous structures in the pulmonary compartments of infected individuals. These structures contain excess interstitial fluid and are enriched with immune cells including DCs. Therefore, the lymphatic vessels might play important roles in regulating drainage of fluid and migration of immune cells from granulomas to the draining LNs. My hypothesis was that there is an increased concentration of lymphatic vessels in these granulomatous structures and that the inflammatory environment including mycobacterial components present in granulomas and at other sites of infection elicit an inflammatory response from these lymphatic vessels which contribute to the overall immune response to M. tuberculosis infection. To address this hypothesis I have examined the distribution of lymphatic vessels in granulomatous and LN tissues obtained from nonhuman primates infected with M. tuberculosis and analyzed their expression of multiple chemokines and lymphatic markers. In addition, I evaluated the response of LECs to inflammatory mediators that included multiple TLR ligands, M. tuberculosis components and cytokines. I observed an association of lymphatic vessels with granulomas, and found that there was heterogeneity in the expression of chemokines and lymphatic markers by LECs in tissues. I also found that primary human LECs expressed multiple TLR molecules and responded to TLR ligands, cytokines and M. tuberculosis components by increasing expression of inflammatory chemokines, cytokines and adhesion molecules. These LECs also demonstrated phenotypic similarities with DCs. Overall my findings support the involvement of the lymphatic endothelium in the inflammatory immune response to pathogens like M. tuberculosis. From the perspective of public health relevance, these studies provide direction in the development of new therapeutic targets against M. tuberculosis infections and aid in the development of better adjuvants for vaccines for infectious diseases and cancers.
Automatic control with fuzzy logic of home-made beer production in maceration and cooking stages

The process of home-made beer production in the malt maceration and cooking stages was controlled automatically with fuzzy logic, across different performers considering the time and temperature of the process, using 2009LabVIEW. The equipment was mainly composed of three 20 L capacity stainless steel containers (water supply, maceration and cooking), an additional hops container, a data acquisition card (PIC 16F877a micro controller), three LM35 temperature sensors and 11 on/off type performers, which were governed by a total of 47 Mandani type fuzzy rules with trapezoidal membership functions, using the method of center area for the defuzzification. The performers: electrovalves (5), pumps (2), heaters (3) and a stirrer, in approximately 4 hours, were adequately controlled in their early maceration and cooking stages. The beer obtained by automatic control with fuzzy logic in the maceration and cooking stages, had the following characteristics: 0.98 g/cm3 of density, 3.9 of pH, total acidity expressed as 0.87% of lactic acid, 6.2oGL of alcoholic degree and 0.91% w/v of CO2 percentage.
Association between Sleep Quality and Duration and Periodontal Disease among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between sleep quality and duration, and periodontal disease among a group of young Japanese university students. First-year students (n = 1934) at Okayama University who voluntarily underwent oral health examinations were included in the analysis. Sleep quality and duration were assessed by the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Dentists examined Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), probing pocket depth (PPD), and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP). Periodontal disease was defined as presence of PPD ≥ 4 mm and BOP ≥ 30%. Overall, 283 (14.6%) students had periodontal disease. Poor sleep quality was observed among 372 (19.2%) students. Mean (± standard deviation) sleep duration was 7.1 ± 1.1 (hours/night). In the logistic regression analysis, periodontal disease was significantly associated with OHI-S (odds ratio [OR]: 2.30, 95% confident interval [CI]: 1.83–2.90; p < 0.001), but not sleep quality (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.79–1.53; p = 0.577) or sleep duration (OR: 0.98, CI: 0.87–1.10; p = 0.717). In conclusion, sleep quality and duration were not associated with periodontal disease among this group of young Japanese university students.
Effectiveness of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation V2 Programme for Improving Personal and Social Skills in Spanish Adolescent Students

Significant progress has been made in developing intervention programmes for adolescents at high risk of delinquency, school failure and emotional problems. The most effective programmes incorporate behavioural and skills training aimed at changing attitudes and promoting psychosocial and emotional skills in adolescents. This study examined the effectiveness of a school-based intervention programme based on the Reasoning and Rehabilitation V2 (R&R2). R&R2 is a cognitive behavioural programme developed using psychological theories about the aetiology of delinquency, as well as the cognitive, behavioural and socioemotional deficits in high-risk youth populations. A sample of 142 students (aged 13–17 years old) who were attending alternative education provision in Spain were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions (68 experimental group, 74 control group). The results showed that the R&R2 improved participants’ self-esteem, social skills, empathy and rational problem-solving with a medium–large effect size (η2 = 0.08 to 0.26). The effects of the programme were significant after controlling for age and the pre-test scores in baseline. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation V2 programme in Spanish adolescent students and offer additional evidence regarding the implementation of the R&R2 programme in both alternative educational and mainstream school settings.
Effectiveness of Text Message Interventions for Weight Management in Adolescents: Systematic Review

Background The incidence of obesity among adolescents is increasing. Text messages are a primary communication form for adolescents and potentially a scalable strategy for delivering population health interventions. Objective This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of text message interventions in reducing BMI in adolescents and describe characteristics that are common to effective interventions. Methods This systematic review included randomized controlled trials of text message lifestyle interventions involving adolescents aged 10 to 19 years with outcomes focused on obesity prevention or management. Primary outcome was objective or self-report change in BMI. Results In total, 4362 records were identified, and 215 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 8 unique studies were identified, including 767 participants, mean age 14.3 (SD 0.9) years, BMI 29.7 (SD 1.6) kg/m2 and 53.1% (407/767) female (31/101, 30.7%-172/172, 100.0%). All interventions were multicomponent. The median active intervention period was 4.5 months. During the active and extended intervention phases, text messages accounted for >50% (8 studies) and >85% (3 studies) of contact points, respectively. Text messages were heterogeneous, with a median of 1.5 text messages sent per week (range: 1-21). A total of 4 studies utilized two-way text message communication with health professionals Of the 8 studies, 7 demonstrated reductions in BMI or BMI z-score in the intervention group compared with the control at the end of the final follow-up. The effect was only statistically significant in 1 study at 6 months. Over 6 months, reductions in BMI (kg/m2) ranged from 1.3% to 4.5% and BMI z-score ranged from 4.2% to 28.1%. Overall quality of the studies was low. Conclusions Further research is required to elucidate the effectiveness and potential impact of text message interventions on weight and weight-related behaviors in adolescents.
Behavioral and Ecological Influences on the Echolocation of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats, Tadarida brasiliensis

This dissertation investigates variability in the echolocation calls of Brazilian free-tailed bats, Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae), and explores how bats adjust echolocation call structure in response to different behavioral and ecological conditions. Substantial geographic variation exists in the echolocation call structure of T. brasiliensis throughout the species range in the US, but this variation does not correlate with geographic or climatic patterns. Most variation in call structure is due to differences between and within the calls of individuals. When exposed to broadcasts of high frequency insect sounds, free-flying bats consistently responded by shifting call frequencies away from the broadcast frequencies. This response suggests that bats are sensitive to local acoustic interference that decreases the efficiency of echo reception. In another investigation of reactions to interfering sounds, bats responded to echolocation playbacks by rapidly shifting their call frequencies away from playback frequencies, indicating that a jamming avoidance response was occurring. Bats more frequently shifted their calls upwards to higher frequencies, which may be due to maximal jamming power of the lower frequency portion of echolocation calls. Flexibility in their echolocation calls also was evident in calls produced by T. brasiliensis while emerging from roosts in a tight column formation. Bats emitted two distinct call types during emergence, sweep and hook calls, which were substantially different from foraging calls. Call structure differed between roosts, which may be related to differences in the spacing of bats within iv emergence columns. In a final experiment, it was found that bat activity was substantially greater in response to echolocation playbacks that contained feeding buzz calls compared to broadcasts that did not contain these signals, indicating that bats eavesdrop on the echolocation calls of conspecifics. Overall, this study documents the highly flexible nature of echolocation in Brazilian freetailed bats and demonstrates that bats respond acoustically to behavioral and ecological influences.
VARIABILIDAD ESPACIAL DE LAS PROPIEDADES ÁNDICAS DE UN ANDISOL HIDROMÓRFICO DEL ORIENTE ANTIOQUEÑO (COLOMBIA)

Se estudio la variabilidad espacial de las propiedades andicas y de otras relacionadas con ellas, en el horizonte superficial de un Andisol de regimen de humedad acuico. La mayoria de las propiedades presentaron alta variabilidad, asimetria y fuerte tendencia espacial en la distribucion de sus valores. Pocas variables presentaron variabilidad espacial pero, donde se presento, fue alta y de rango corto.
Detection of Virulence Genes of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Chicken Using Polymerase Chain Reaction.

A total of 300 chicken samples (100 samples for breast muscles, 100 samples for thigh muscles and 100 samples for joints) were collected randomly from different markets in Port-said city during the period of work from July 2015 till August 2016. Overall percentage of coagulase positive S. aureus which isolated from chicken samples were 37.2% (49/132) while coagulase positive S. aureus of breast muscles, thigh muscles and joints were 15.1%, 14.5% and 7.6% respectively. PCR revealed that 15 tested isolates were S. aureus using 16SrRNA at 791 bp. The study conducted to detect virulence genes, coa 15 isolates were positive at 570 bp. (100%), clfA15 isolates were positive at 638 bp. (100%), See gene is the highest SE, 5 isolates were positive at 209 bp. (33.33%), followed by Seb gene 1isolate were positive at164 bp. (6.67%). None of 15 isolates were positive for Sea, Sec and Sed.
Modélisation de réseaux biologiques

Dans le present memoire, nous avons analyse les effets de l'evolution par duplication-divergence a differentes echelles genetiques sur les proprietes des reseaux d'interactions proteine-proteine et des reseaux de regulation transcriptionnelle. Pour les reseaux d'interactions proteine-proteine, nous avons demontre l'existence de deux regimes dynamiques stationnaires de croissance, exponentiel et sans echelle, et un regime non stationnaire dense. Nous avons trouve que ces proprietes s'expliquent par la conservation statistique des proteines au cours de l'evolution et sont liees a la divergence asymetrique des genes suivant leur duplication. Nous avons montre, en particulier, que les reseaux stationnaires conserves qui sont potentiellement les seuls d'interet biologique, sont aussi necessairement sans echelle independamment des variations des parametres microscopiques au cours de l'evolution. Ces conclusions sont confirmees par la comparaison des predictions du modele avec les proprietes mesurees de reseaux reels (la levure S. Cerevisiae). Pour les reseaux de regulation transcriptionnelle, nous avons identifie des regimes similaires pour les structures locales des connectivites in et out et avons montre que l'asymetrie observee entre degres in et out dans les reseaux reels est la consequence directe de l'asymetrie fonctionnelle entre les genes regulateurs (facteurs de transcription) et leurs genes cibles regules.
Diplodocus (Marsh): its osteology, taxonomy, and probable habits, with a restoration of the skeleton

The bringing together of a fairly representative collection of fossil vertebrates is a work not only entailing the expei:iditnre of considerable sums of money, but one -which also calls for no little skill, energy, and ability on the j^art of those to whom tlie work is entrusted, whether they be curators, preparators, or collectors. The experienced student of vertebrate fossils alone realizes how exasperating are the many disappointments in his chosen branch of science. Many of these are unavoidable and will appear most unexpectedl}' even after he has been careful to eliminate those formerly due to improper field or laboratory methods by the employment of such painstaking care and improved methods of collecting and preparation as were unknown to his predecessors. Where a generation ago the extinct vertebrate life of America was but poorly I'epresented in our museums by imperfect series of teeth and isolated bones, we are now able to study many of these extinct animals from more or less complete skeletons. For these improved conditions we are mainly indebted to the late Professor Marsli, either directly by reason of the vast collec-
A new Calyptocephalellidae (Anura, Neobatrachia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, with comments on its systematic position

The living genus Calyptocephalella is currently represented by the species C. gayi, geographically restricted to Chile, and several extinct Cenozoic species from Argentine Patagonia. In the present paper, a species of Calyptocephalella is described from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of Rio Negro province, Argentina. The new taxon shows a unique combination of apomorphic and plesiomorphic features, and represents the oldest record for the calyptocephalellids. Present analysis indicates that calyptocephalellids are composed by the genera Calyptocephalella, Gigantobatrachus, and Beelzebufo. The genus Gigantobatrachus is revalidated, and a new species of the genus coming from the Paleocene of Patagonia, is described. The genus Beelzebufo is currently represented by the species B. ampinga, from the Latest Cretaceous of Madagascar. Although this taxon was previously referred to Ceratophryidae, present analysis suggests calyptocephalellid affinities for this genus. A brief overview of Late Mesozoic anurans from India sheds doubts about the occurrence of putative Laurasian-like taxa anuran taxa in the Latest Cretaceous of that continent, and most of these specimens are considered as indeterminate neobatrachians or as nearly related to calyptocephalellids, suggesting a wider distribution of this anuran clade during the Mesozoic.
Hello New Zealand

Cowie & Holland (2006) give a timely reminder of the biological importance of islands. The crux of their paper is the significance of oceanic islands in the study of biological evolution. Island biodiversity is not just an outcome of the lottery of arrival and extinction (MacArthur & Wilson, 1967), but of adaptive speciation. However, in terms of evolution on Pacific islands, Cowie & Holland (2006) set New Zealand apart, as many have done before, as being continental – the implication being that the evolution of New Zealand biota is somehow subject to different processes from those of oceanic islands. Is this justified? New Zealand has long been of interest to biogeographers and other biologists. Conservationists, phylogeneticists, ecologists, evolutionists and geneticists alike all draw attention to the distinctive nature of New Zealand plants and animals and it is widely held that this distinctiveness is the result of ancient isolation/origin. New Zealand’s position in the Southern Hemisphere, its relatively large size compared to other islands of the Pacific and its distinctive assemblage of biota characterized by many taxonomic absences, the presence of apparently archaic lineages and aberrant species have all attracted attention. However, the accepted idea that New Zealand is an ancient continental landmass distinguishes it from oceanic island systems that are foci for evolutionary study, and in particular for the study of the role of dispersal (Cowie & Holland, 2006). The archipelagos of Hawaii and the Galapagos are of volcanic origin, and their terrestrial surfaces are the product of hot-spot volcanism. These islands are the tops of substantial volcanoes built upon oceanic crust. The age of these islands can be estimated accurately using radiometric methods (e.g. Fleischer et al., 1998), and their biota can be definitively inferred as having originated via dispersal. The attraction oceanic island systems hold for evolutionists is that they represent natural experiments with definable histories and Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, IMBS, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand, Bio-protection and Ecology Division, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln, New Zealand and GNS Science, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
The very rare and little-known fishes along the coasts of Izmir (Aegean Sea, Turkey) in the past 40 years (1969-2008)

Summary The objective of this study was to document the frequency of occurrence of very rare fish species as well as to note the changes in diversity over time. Fish species recorded fewer than five times over the past 40 years (1969–2008) from the coasts of Izmir (central Aegean Sea) were included in the account and considered as being very rare. The records are listed chronologically. Fish species recently recorded in the area for the first time are also included. Changes in qualitative and quantitative composition of the ichthyofauna along the coasts of Izmir are also discussed.