Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary Inflammatory Nutrients and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Case-Control Study

We conducted a case-control study (532 cases and 532 control) in Chinese adults to investigate the independent and interactive effects of dietary nutrients (pro- or anti-inflammation) on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) risk. Dietary data were collected using a food questionnaire survey that included 171 items. Two algorithms, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were employed to select indicators and evaluate the interactive effect of nutrients’ mixture on ESCC risk. Thirteen nutrients were selected, including three pro-inflammatory nutrients (protein, fat and carbohydrate) and ten anti-inflammatory nutrients (fiber, Vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin C, Fe, Se, MUFA, n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA). Single-exposure effects of fat, carbohydrate and fiber significantly contributed to ESCC risk. The pro-inflammatory nutrients’ submodel discovered that the combined effect was statistically associated with increased ESCC risk. In addition, a higher fat level was significantly associated with ESCC risk. On the contrary, for fiber and riboflavin, the anti-inflammatory nutrients’ submodel delineated a significant negative effect on the risk of ESCC. Our result implies that dietary nutrients and their inflammatory traits significantly impacted ESCC occurrence. Additional studies are warranted to verify our findings.
SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence in Malawi Based on Data from Survey of Communities and Health Workers in 5 High-Burden Districts, October 2020

To determine early COVID-19 burden in Malawi, we conducted a multistage cluster survey in 5 districts. During October–December 2020, we recruited 5,010 community members (median age 32 years, interquartile range 21–43 years) and 1,021 health facility staff (HFS) (median age 35 years, interquartile range 28–43 years). Real-time PCR–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence was 0.3% (95% CI 0.2%–0.5%) among community and 0.5% (95% CI 0.1%–1.2%) among HFS participants; seroprevalence was 7.8% (95% CI 6.3%–9.6%) among community and 9.7% (95% CI 6.4%–14.5%) among HFS participants. Most seropositive community (84.7%) and HFS (76.0%) participants were asymptomatic. Seroprevalence was higher among urban community (12.6% vs. 3.1%) and HFS (14.5% vs. 7.4%) than among rural community participants. Cumulative infection findings 113-fold higher from this survey than national statistics (486,771 vs. 4,319) and predominantly asymptomatic infections highlight a need to identify alternative surveillance approaches and predictors of severe disease to inform national response.
Disparities in Mental Health Service Referrals in Child Sexual Abuse Cases

ABSTRACT Child sexual abuse increases risk for future negative mental health outcomes. However, the factors influencing the likelihood of receiving referrals for mental health services for victims of child sexual abuse are not well understood. The current study sought to determine such factors and disparities via a secondary analysis of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW), a national probability study of children and caregivers investigated by US child welfare agencies. The sample consisted of the subset of children from NSCAW residing in-home with confirmed sexual abuse cases (n = 225, weighted N = 58,635). Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds of receiving a mental health service referral while controlling for important demographic and clinical characteristics. Black children and children residing in non-urban counties were significantly less likely to receive mental health referrals, while child health insurance coverage type and symptoms of mental health concerns were non-significant predictors. These results highlight an urgent need for efforts to overcome systemic biases and increase access to mental health services for victims of child sexual abuse.
A constructivist analysis of Grade 8 learners’ errors and misconceptions in simplifying mathematical algebraic expressions

Algebra is an important branch of mathematics which applies to many fields related to mathematics. However, many studies show algebra as posing problems even to the most gifted students. This phenomenon, therefore, necessitates more studies to be conducted in this area. As such, the study explored the types of errors that Grade 8 learners committed in simplifying algebraic expressions and the misconceptions that might have given rise to such errors. Ninety-five Grade 8 learners were selected as the subjects of the study at one high school in Lesotho. Within the framework of the Qualitative case study design, the study used tasks and interviews for data collection. The thematic approach to data analysis within the framework of the constructivist theory was adopted. The study identified most errors committed by the learners as persistent. Overgeneralizing the rules of prior knowledge to new knowledge, particularly in different contexts, was the most frequent cause of the errors. In addition to this was the misunderstanding and misinterpretation of correct meanings in the given context. Some of the identified errors overlapped with those in the reviewed literature while others did not.
Problem-Solving Process of Students with a Reflective Cognitive Style Based on the Action-Process-Object-Schema Theory

The skill to solve mathematical problems facilitates students to develop their basic skills to solve problems in daily life. This study analyzes students' problem-solving process with a reflective cognitive style in constructing probability problems using action, process, object, and schema theory (APOS). The explanatory method was used in this qualitative study. The participants were mathematics students at the Department of Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Semarang. The researchers collected the data with the cognitive style test using the Matching Familiar Figure Test (MFFT), used a valid problem-solving skill test, and the interview questions. The data analysis techniques used were processing and preparing the data for analysis, extensive reading of the data, coding all data, applying the coding process, describing the data, and interpreting the data. The results showed that (1) the problem-solving process of students with symbolic representation was characterized by the use of mathematical symbols to support the problem-solving process in the problem representation phase; (2) the problem-solving process of students with symbolic-visual representation was characterized by the use of symbols, notations, numbers, and visual representation in the form of diagrams in the problem representation phase.
Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of 5-fluoro 1-aryl/alkyl sulfonyl benzimidazole derivatives for treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Novel sulfonyl derivatives of 5-fluoro-substituted benzimidazole were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 19F-NMR and mass spectrometry. Molecular docking study against monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), responsible for Parkinson’s disease (PD), was performed. The binding energy and interactions with active amino acid residues in the binding site of newly synthesized derivatives, as well as conventional inhibitors (Selegiline and Rasagiline), were investigated and presented. According to the docking scores predicted by ADV (AutoDock vina) and AD (AutoDock), most of the synthesized derivatives have higher binding affinity toward MAO-B than the conventional inhibitors. This study shows that these fluoro-substituted benzimidazole derivatives can be developed into essential drugs for the treatment of PD. The antibacterial property of these compounds was investigated by disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. And the results were further verified by the bacteria kill test with respect to time. All the synthesized compounds demonstrated considerable antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains. Therefore, this work focuses on defining the efficiency of different types of sulfonyl derivatives of fluorinated benzimidazole in biomedical research for the treatment of PD highlighting their versatile biological properties. Graphical Abstract
Elucidating the Gene Signatures and Immune Cell Types in HIV-Infected Immunological Non-Responders by Bioinformatics Analyses

Objective Numerous studies have reported on the pathogenesis of poor immune reconstitution (PIR) after antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, fewer studies focused on both immune-related genes (IRGs) and immune cells, and the correlation between IRGs and immune cells was evaluated via bioinformatics analyses. Methods Gene expression profiling of GSE143742 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was analyzed to get differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs). The enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of DEIRGs were established. The relative fractions of 22 immune cell types were detected using the “CIBERSORT”. The correlation analysis between DEIRGs and immune cells was constructed to discover the potential IRGs associated with immune cells. A logistic regression diagnostic model was built, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the model’s diagnostic efficacy. The CMap database was used to find molecules with therapeutic potential. RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression of the hub DEIRGs. Results We identified eight types of significantly changed immune cells and five hub IRGs in INRs. The DEIRGs were mainly enriched in lymphocyte activation, receptor-ligand activity, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. The correlation analysis showed that the expression of TNF, CXCR4 and TFRC correlate with CD8 cells, resting mast cells, activated NK cells, and naïve CD4 cells in INRs. Meanwhile, TFRC and IL7R relate to activated NK cells and resting memory CD4 cells respectively in IRs. A diagnostic model was constructed using multiple logistic regression and nine small molecules were identified as possible drugs. Conclusion In this study, we suggested that the process of PIR might be related to TNF, CXCR4, TFRC, CD48, and IL7R. And these IRGs play roles in regulating immune-competent cells. And our constructed diagnostic model has excellent effectiveness. Moreover, some small-molecule drugs are screened to alleviate PIR.
Comparing Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Methods for Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) Obtention from Agroindustrial Rice Husk Waste

Agroindustrial residues represent a serious environmental problem in the world; in this case, the polluting rice husk, present in the rice fields of Morelos State, is one source of incalculable biomass. The aim of this study was to assess two viable and optimized procedures for obtaining nanocellulose from these wastes. The sieved samples included 4 treatments with different grain sizes (sieves # 10, 15, 30, and 50) and three replicates. They were then processed by an alkaline treatment (NaOH) 5%, bleaching with sodium hypochlorite, followed by pretreatment with 0.65% hydrochloric acid (HCl). After drying, the cellulose was subjected to acid hydrolysis with (H2SO4) at 64%, and was compared to an enzymatic hydrolysis complex. This complex was formed of D-(+) cellobiose and endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus. End products were sonicated and dialyzed until they reach a neutral pH. Finally, the nanocellulose was characterized by FTIR, DSC, XRD, SEM, and TEM. Evident results recognize the nanocellulose (NC) synthesis by both routes, with greater contaminants generated in the medium by the acid hydrolysis. It is much more feasible and faster to achieve with enzymatic hydrolysis, less aggressive for the environment, and higher performance. In future trials, the cost-benefit of using the enzyme complex should be assessed as an alternative to replace acid hydrolysis.Key words: acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, waste, rice husk, Oryzasativa L, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs).
An Effective Numerical Approach Based on Cubic Hermite B-spline Collocation Method for Solving the 1D Heat Conduction Equation

This article is going to deal with the numerical solutions about the most vital problem arising in nature; namely the heat conduction equation given in one-dimension. For this aim, we are going to use cubic Hermite B-spline finite elements based on collocation method. Then, the algorithm of the method has been produced and the stability analysis has also been examined via Fourier stability method. Furthermore, a comparative study between the approximate and exact solutions has been used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme. The newly obtained results clearly show that the present scheme is a reliable and accurate one and may even be used successfully to find approximate solutions of numerous nonlinear problems encountering widely in many applied sciences.
MC3T3-E1 CELL RESPONSE TO PURE TITANIUM, ZIRCONIA AND NANO-HYDROXYAPATITE

Titanium, zirconia and HAp were known as good biocompatible materials for tissue engineering. Osteblastic cell response is influence by the surface topography of material and its chemical composition as well. To evaluate the influence of different chemical compositions on osteoblast-like cells the specimens were polished until they have almost identical surface roughness. The commercially pure titanium, zirconia/alumina composite and nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HAp) specimens synthesized by hydrothermal method were used to evaluate the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Confocal laser microscopy was used measurement of surface roughness, and flourescence microscopy and SEM were used to evaluate initial cell attachment and morphology after 3 hours. MTS assay was performed for cell proliferation after 1, 3, 7 days and ALP assay was used for cell differentiation after 7, 10, 14 days of cell culture period. Surface topography of nano-HAp specimen was almost identical compared with those of titanium and zirconia specimen. Under this condition, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells was not significantly different with those on titanium and zirconia specimen. However, cells on Nano-HAp specimen showed quicker and more active cellular reaction for attachment when measured by the expression of adhesion proteins through confocal laser microscopy. The results suggested that the new nano-sized HAp can be applied as a suitable material for skeletal tissue engineering.
Hydrodynamic stability of viscous flow between rotating porous cylinders with radial flow

A linear stability analysis has been carried out for flow between porous concentric cylinders when radial flow is present. Several radius ratios with corotating and counter‐rotating cylinders were considered. The radial Reynolds number, based on the radial velocity at the inner cylinder and the inner radius, was varied from −30 to 30. The stability equations form an eigenvalue problem that was solved using a numerical technique based on the Runge–Kutta method combined with a shooting procedure. The results reveal that the critical Taylor number at which Taylor vortices first appear decreases and then increases as the radial Reynolds number becomes more positive. The critical Taylor number increases as the radial Reynolds number becomes more negative. Thus, radially inward flow and strong outward flow have a stabilizing effect, while weak outward flow has a destabilizing effect on the Taylor vortex instability. Profiles of the relative amplitude of the perturbed velocities show that radially inward flow sh.
A low boron condition without high temperature stress induces internal browning in Raphanus sativus L. (Japanese radish)

ABSTRACT Brown heart, or internal browning, is a physiological disorder in crops including radish. It is characterized by brown pigmentation in the internal tissue, which significantly reduces commercial value of the products. Field studies have revealed that the appearance of symptom is correlated with several stresses, including drought, high temperature, and boron deficiency. However, fluctuating and non-reproducible environmental factors in field experiments complicate the interpretation of the direct cause of the symptom. For studying the mechanism of the symptom, experiments under more controlled conditions with less fluctuating environmental factors are desirable. Here, we established culture method to observe brown heart in lab condition, where light, temperature, and nutrient is controlled. Under our culture conditions, we successfully observed internal browning in Japanese radish by lowering boron concentrations without heat and drought stresses, indicating that boron deficiency alone can cause internal browning. Furthermore, we cultured three cultivars and observed differences in susceptibility to internal browning, establishing that our culture method is applicable for studies that utilize inter-cultivar variations, such as QTL mapping.
Life Review Therapy (Melidupa) Effective to Increase the Sexual Quality of Life of Elderly Women in Banjar Gelumpang, Sukawati Village

The Elderly are often faced with problem, one of which is decreasing sexual function to 86%, this can lead to decrease in sexual quality of life elderly. The low quality of sexual life can affect their health thereby increasing the burden of family dependency. One of the treatments to improve the sexual quality of life is by giving life review therapy which is a therapy for telling stories of past experiences. This study aims to determine the effect of life review therapy on the sexual quality of life in elderly women. This study uses Quasi-Experimental, a one-group pretest-posttest design for the elderly which are aged 60-74 years. Collecting data using the SQOL-F questionnaire. The results of the pretest showed that the majority of the elderly's sexual quality of life was low at 14 (66.7%). The majority of post-test results have a good sexual quality of life 16 (76.2%). There is a difference in the sexual quality of life between the pretest and posttest p-value = 0.001 (α <0.05). It can be concluded that there is an effect of life review therapy on the sexual quality of life in elderly women in Banjar Gelumpang, Sukawati Village.
Weakly broadened iron line in the X-ray spectrum of the ultraluminous X-ray source M82 X-1

We present the best quality XMM–Newton and Suzaku data from M82 X-1 so far. We analyse the spectra of this remarkable ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) source in a self-consistent manner. We have disentangled emission from the host galaxy, responsible for the soft X-ray emission (E≤ 2.5 keV), which is successfully described by a two-temperature thermal emission from a hot plasma in multiphase state, plus a narrow Fe line emission at 6.7 keV. This allowed us to properly study the intrinsic continuum emission from M82 X-1. The continuum of the Suzaku spectrum is curved, and the high-quality data of the Suzaku spectrum allowed us to significantly detect a weakly broadened Fe Kα emission line. The equivalent width is in the range 30–80 eV and it does not depend on the model applied for the continuum. Assuming that this line is coming from the ULX via disc fluorescence, the data indicate a disc truncation at a radius of 6–20 gravitational radii. This value is comparable to or even larger than the innermost stable circular orbit of a non-spinning (Schwarzschild) black hole. Future longer observations might test this scenario.
INTERACTION OF COMPATIBLE RHIZOBIAL STRAINS WITH LENTIL VARIETIES IMPROVES SEED YIELD AND QUALITY

Lentil yield is very poor in rainfed areas of pothwar due to non-availability of improved/recommended lentil varieties compatible to some specific rhizobial inoculants along the site-specific production technology. Therefore, to study the effect of inoculating lentil varieties with different Rhizobium strains on lentil yield and quality, pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of University Research Farm, Koont, Chakwal Road, Rawalpindi during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Five lentil varieties (NIAB Masoor-2016, NIAB Masoor-2006, Markaz-09, Punjab Masoor-09, Punjab-11) and five rhizobial strains (RSâ‚’ (control), RS-1, RS-2, RS-3, RS-4) were used. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorial arrangement and four replications. All the agronomic recommendations were applied as such. Data regarding crop growth, yield and nodulation were collected during the experimentation. Maximum Germination % was recorded.
Factors other than fibrosis that increase measured shear wave velocity

Shear wave elastography (SWE) is now becoming an indispensable diagnostic tool in the routine examination of liver diseases. In particular, accuracy is required for shear wave propagation velocity measurement, which is directly related to diagnostic accuracy. It is generally accepted that the liver shear wave propagation velocity reflects the degree of fibrosis, but there are still few reports on other factors that increase the shear wave propagation velocity. In this study, we reviewed such factors in the literature and examined their mechanisms. Current SWE measures propagation velocity based on the assumption that the medium has a homogeneous structure, uniform density, and is purely elastic. Otherwise, the measurement is subject to error. The other (confounding) factors that we routinely experience are primarily: (1) Conditions that appear to increase the viscous component; and (2) Conditions that appear to increase tissue density. Clinically, the former includes acute hepatitis, congested liver, biliary obstruction, etc, and the latter includes diffuse infiltration of malignant cells, various storage diseases, tissue necrosis, etc. In any case, it is important to evaluate SWE in the context of the entire clinical picture.
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer

Background The present study assessed clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in oligometastatic prostate cancer patients. Materials and methods Between 2017 and 2020, 37 lesions (12 osseous and 25 nodal targets) detected with conventional and/or functional imaging, were treated in 29 patients (pts), in different clinical settings: de novo oligometastatic (2 pts), oligorecurrent castration-sensitive (19 pts), castration-resistant (6 pts) prostate cancers and oligoprogressive disease during systemic therapy (2 pts). SBRT was delivered with volumetric modulated arc therapy up to a total dose of 21 Gy given in 3 fractions for bone and 30 Gy in 5 fractions for nodal metastases. A total of 34% of pts received hormonal therapy. We evaluated biochemical control [prostate serum antigen (PSA) increase < 10%)], progression free-survival (PFS) (time from SBRT to biochemical progression), local control (LC) (time from SBRT to in-field radiologic progression), hormone/systemic therapy-free survival, acute and late toxicities. Results At 3 months, biochemical response was observed in 20/29 pts (69%). At a median follow-up of 17 months (range 6–33), 8/20 (40%) of the 3-month responders remained free from progression. Two-year PFS and LC were 37% and 70%, respectively. In-field progression occurred in 3/37 (8%) lesions. Hormone/systemic therapy was delayed by an average of 11.6 months (range 3–28). No significant difference in PFS based on the type of lesion or concomitant endocrine therapy was observed and no toxicity > grade 2 was reported. Conclusions SBRT for oligometastatic prostate cancer offers a good biochemical/local control and tangible delay of hormone/systemic therapy without major toxicities.