Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Commodity Return Comovements

This paper studies comovements in commodity futures markets. We compare factor models with respect to their fit of commodity return comovements. A model based on traded long-short portfolio returns outperforms a macroeconomic model, and explains 96% of the realised comovement. Dissecting the evidence, we find that comovements are driven by the variation of factor covariances as opposed to sensitivities. Intersectoral correlations are more affected than intrasectoral correlations. Volatility comovements only react following the global financial crisis. Our results cast doubt on the persistence of the effects of financialization and emphasize the importance of the dynamics of factor covariances.
Human cytomegalovirus envelope glycoprotein B, H, and N polymorphisms among infants of Shanghai area in China

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital infection and an opportunistic pathogen capable of establishing lifelong latency. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the distribution of glycoprotein B, H, and N in infants of Shanghai and correlate the genotype with active and latent HCMV infection. A total of 129 urine samples were collected between August 2014 and December 2015 from infants under 3 years with HCMV infection. Nested PCR was used to amplify the regions of UL55 (gB), UL75 (gH), and UL73 (gN). Gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were used to classify the genotypes. Overall, regarding gB, gB1 (57.27%) was predominant, followed by gB3 (41.82%) and gB4 (0.91%). gH1 (54.33%) was the most prevalent genotype of gH, followed by gH2 (45.67%). Concerning gN, we detected gN1 (17.44%), gN2 (2.33%), gN3a (29.07%), gN3b (8.14%), gN4a (13.95%), gN4b (15.12%), and gN4c (13.95%), among which gN3a was the dominant genotype. All the expected genotypes were present except gB2 in children with active infection: gB1 (56.25%), gB3 (42.5%), gB4 (1.25%), gH1 (58.70%), gH2 (41.30%), gN1 (19.05%), gN2 (3.17%), gN3a (25.40%), gN3b (6.35%), gN4a (15.87%), gN4b (17.46%), and gN4c (12.70%). However, among latent cases, we detected gB1 (60%), gB3 (40%), gH1 (42.86%), gH2 (57.14%), gN1 (13.04%), gN3a (39.13%), gN3b (13.04%), gN4a (8.70%), gN4b (8.70%), and gN4c (17.39%), respectively. gB2, gB4, and gN2 were absent in this group. The results revealed that gB1, gH1, and gN3a were predominant in the infants of Shanghai. gH showed different trends among children with active and latent infection.
Do Corporate Disclosures Constrain Strategic Analyst Behavior?

We show that U.S. analysts alter their forecasting behavior in response to a randomly assigned shock that exogenously varies the timeliness and cost of accessing companies’ mandatory disclosures in the cross-section of investors: analysts reduce the number of stocks they cover, issue less optimistic and more accurate forecasts that are less bold, and collectively reduce forecast dispersion. Our investigation of possible channels favors the explanation that analysts reduce the strategic component of their behavior: the changes are more pronounced among analysts with stronger incentives to strategically skew their forecasts, such as affiliated analysts and those catering to retail investors. We conclude that mandatory disclosure is a substitute for information production by analysts, whose behavior is constrained by investors’ ability to verify their forecasts using corporate filings.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Crenezumab in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease Treated with Escalating Doses for up to 133 Weeks

Background: Crenezumab is a fully humanized, monoclonal anti-amyloid-β immunoglobulin G4 antibody. Objective: This Phase Ib study (NCT02353598) evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of crenezumabat doses of ≤120 mg/kg administered intravenously every 4 weeks (q4w). Immunogenicity and exploratory biomarkers were also evaluated. Methods: In this multicenter, double-blind study, participants (aged 50–90 years) with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyloid-positive positron emission tomography (PET) scan were randomized to receive crenezumab 30 or 45 mg/kg (Cohort 1, n = 21), 60 mg/kg (Cohort 2, n = 21), or 120 mg/kg (Cohort 3, n = 19) or corresponding placebo (n = 14) intravenously q4w for 13 weeks. Seventy-one participants were subsequently enrolled in an optional open-label extension (OLE) and received crenezumab at the originally assigned dose level, except for Cohort 3 (crenezumab 60 mg/kg during OLE). Participants received regular brain MRIs to assess amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Results up to Week 133 are reported. Results: Approximately 94% of participants experienced ≥1 adverse event (AE). Most AEs were mild or moderate; 15.5% experienced a Grade ≥3 AE. No ARIA-edema/effusion (ARIA-E) events were observed. New ARIA-micro hemorrhages and hemosiderosis (ARIA-H) were reported in 4.9% (double-blind treatment period) and 9.9% (combined double-blind treatment and OLE periods) of participants. Steady-state trough concentrations of crenezumab were dose-proportional and maintained for each dose level. Conclusion: Crenezumab doses of ≤120 mg/kg intravenously q4w were well tolerated. The observed safety profile for ≤133 weeks of treatment in a mild-to-moderate AD population was similar to that seen in previous trials.
Drought and salt stress tolerance of ozone-tolerant transgenic poplar with an antisense DNA for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase

We examined the drought and salt stress tolerance of transgenic poplar (Populus nigra var. italica Koehne) with an antisense DNA for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS). Our previous report had already revealed that this transgenic poplar had higher ozone tolerance. Compared with the wild-type, drought-induced senescence and defoliation of mature leaves was ameliorated in the transgenic poplar. Under salt stress, the transgenic poplar showed less foliar injury and maintained a higher photosynthetic activity than the wild-type. The mature leaves showed induction of ethylene biosynthesis under drought and salt stresses, which was attenuated in the transgenic plants as observed under ozone stress. Although the expression of ACS gene in the mature leaves was induced by both drought and salt stress, the level of induction was lower in the transgenic poplar than in the wild-type. Therefore, it is assumed that the ACS gene is responsible for the increase in ethylene biosynthesis under these stresses. These results suggest that down-regulation of the ACS gene by the introduction of an antisense DNA is effective in enhancing the tolerance of poplar to multiple stresses.
Does Flower Color Change in Aster vimineus Cue Pollinators?

Abstract Flower color change, floral rewards, and the size of a floral display in relation to pollinator attraction were studied in Aster vimineus. The center disk florets of A. vimineus are either all yellow or all red in a given flower. We determined that this variation in disk color was due to localized color change from yellow to red. Yellow florets contained more pollen and a greater percentage of viable pollen than red florets. All pollinator types consistently preferred flowers with yellow disks over those with red disks. The addition of nectar did not influence pollinator visitation rates, unless the pollinators were choosing only among flowers with red disks. Retention of the flowers with red disks allowed for greater floral display which increased pollinator visitation rates.
Strategies for population reintroduction: effects of genetic variability on population growth and size

The design of reintroduction programs to create populations with high levels of genetic variation has been the subject of much discussion (see Smith et al. 1976; Vrijenhoek et al. 1985; Meffe & Vrijenhoe4 1988; Leberg 1990a). Establishing high genetic diversity in populations is thought to be desirable because the level of genetic variation could influence both a population's growth rate and its ability to adapt to new environmental conditions (Smith et al. 1976; Allendorf & Leary 1986; Gilpin & Soule 1986). Establishing a population with individuals from different genetic stocks within the same subspecies has been suggested as a means of increasing its genetic diversity (Vrijenhoek et al. 1985; Meffe & Vrijenhoek 1988). In such an outbred population the founding individuals would be less likely to share alleles than in a population established from a single source. The success of this strategy probably depends on the genetic relationships of the founding stocks. While offspring of unrelated individuals are often more viable than those of related individuals, matings between individuals from different populations may not produce offspring with higher fitness than matings between unrelated individuals from the same population (Vrijenhoek & Larmen 1982). More extreme outbreeding, such as matings between individuals from different genetic races or subspecies, may result in a decrease in offspring fitness known as outbreeding depression (Templeton 1986). Another method for establishing populations with high genetic variation is to select founders from a pop-
NITROGEN ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY IN MAIZE GENOTYPES UNDER AMMONIA STRESS

Plant growth, free ammonia, soluble sugar, glutamine synthetase (GS), nitrate reductase (NR) activities in leaves, and rhyzosphere pH of four maize genotypes were compared in the presence of NH4 + or NO3 - forms of N in sand: vermiculite culture. In the presence of nitrate, all of the maize genotypes tested exhibited similar values for all the parameters analysed, except NR activity. This enzyme tended to be inverse to plant growth, being higher in leaves of maize Pioneer 3230 that exhibited lower plant growth, indicating not a good parameter for nitrogen assimilation efficiency determination. In the presence of ammonium as a sole source of nitrogen, the maize genotypes can be easily screened in terms of plant growth and nitrogen assimilation responses. GS activity in leaves of maize treated with NH4 + was positively related to plant growth and the accumulation of free ammonia decreased as GS activity increased, indicating these two physiological parameters as the key factors for N assimilation efficiency. Soluble sugar content in shoot tissue was significantly reduced in NH4 + treated plants due to high requirement of carbon skeletons for NH4 + incorporation into
Financial Distress and the Cost of Labor: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Employees bear significant costs in bankruptcy. Theoretical models predict they will accept lower wages in the face of financial distress to avoid such costs. Using a natural experiment, I test this theory and find an exogenous increase in default risk causes a decrease in employee wages. The effect is economically meaningful: the reduction in aggregate annual wages equals 10% of the firm’s earnings and 33% of its interest expense. As expected, it is concentrated in financially vulnerable firms and those with fewer agency conflicts. Employees thus represent an important financial resource for firms in the midst of financial distress.
Primary Observations on Rutting Behavior of the Captive Red Goral

The rutting behavior of the red goral (Naemorhedus cranbrooki) was studied at the Breeding Center of Shanghai Zoo from September 16–November 21, 2004. Twenty-three qualitatively distinct behavior patterns was observed. Males showed a more extensive repertoire (18 patterns, 15 carried out only by males) than did females (10 patterns, 6 carried out only by females). Smelling and licking behavior was used most by males, whereas escape was used most by females. Zoo Biol 0:1–7, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA Y CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE EN MENTA (Mentha piperita L.) ALMACENADA BAJO REFRIGERACIÓN

The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of low temperatures over the enzymatic activity and antioxidant capacity in mint (Mentha piperita L.), behavior was quantified during storage at 6 and 10°C with respect to a control treatment (at room temperature), for this purpose, a laboratory experiment was conducted during a spring-summer cycle of 2011 at the University Autonomous of Chapingo, Texcoco, Mexico. The activity of enzymes, such as peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), was determined; as well as the antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenol (TP) and vitamin C (VC) content. The main result found is that the enzymatic activity of POD increased from 194,72 to 306.29 U/g of FW (fresh weight) at 10°C; the antioxidant activity also increased from 262,57 to 327,32 mm TEAC/g of WF at the same temperature. On the other hand, at 6°C and 10°C the contents of WF and VC increased, but the effect on the activity of SOD was inverse as it decreased from 53,68 to 26,22 U/g of WF. The treatment room temperature contributes to an increased activity of the PPO (90,02 U/g of WF). The use of refrigeration increased enzymatic activity of POD, PT contents and VC. Also it was found that the SOD activities decreased and the AC was greatly affected at a 10°C storage temperature.
Economic stress, emotional contagion and safety outcomes: A cross-country study.

BACKGROUND Economic instability produced by financial crises can increase employment-related (i.e., job insecurity) and income-related (i.e., financial stress) economic stress. While the detrimental impact of job insecurity on safety outcomes has been extensively investigated, no study has examined the concurrent role of financial stress let alone their emotion-related predictors. OBJECTIVE The present cross-country research sought to identify the simultaneous effects of affective job insecurity and financial stress in predicting employee safety injuries and accidents under-reporting, and to examine the extent to which emotional contagion of positive/negative emotions at work contribute to the level of experienced economic stress. METHODS We performed multi-group measurement and structural invariance analyses. RESULTS Data from employees in the U.S. (N = 498) and Italy (N = 366) suggest that financial stress is the primary mediator between emotional contagion and poor safety outcomes. Moreover, greater anger-contagion predicted higher levels of financial strain and job insecurity whereas greater joy-contagion predicted reduced economic stress. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the relevance of considering the concurrent role of income-and employment-related stressors as predictors of safety-related outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications for safety are discussed in light of the globally increasing emotional pressure and concerns of income- and employment-related economic stress in today's workplace, particularly given the recent pandemic spread of Corona virus disease (COVID-19).
Effect of Depth of Sowing on Germination of Kardhai ( Anogeissus pendula Edgew.) Seeds

The seeds of Kardhai ( A.pendula ) were tested to study the effect of the depth of sowing on germination. The percentage germination increased as the depth of sowing increased from 5mm to 10mm delayed germination and also enhanced the completion period of germination. Kardhai seeds were found to have better germination at a depth of 10 mm, which may be recommended to nursery man.
Financial Market Developments and Their Implications for Monetary Policy

This volume features eight papers written for the conference "Financial market developments and their implications for monetary policy". The event was jointly organised by the BIS Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific and Bank Negara Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur on 13 August 2007. Drawing upon experiences in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond, these papers characterise the key financial market trends and developments over the past decade and assess their implications for three aspects of monetary policy: (a) the formulation of policy and the transmission mechanism, (b) the implementation of policy at the operational level, and (c) the use of financial market information in the policy process.
A checklist of the parasites of eels (Anguilla spp.) (Anguilliformes: Anguillidae) in Japan (1915-2007)

1915～2007年の93年間に出版された文献に基づき, 日本産ウナギ属魚類3種(ウナギAnguilla japonica, オオウナギAnguilla marmorata, ヨーロッパウナギAnguilla anguilla)の寄生虫に関する情報を2つのリスト(寄生虫-宿主リスト, 宿主-寄生虫リスト)に整理して目録を作成した。 ウナギとオオウナギは在来種であり, ヨーロッパウナギは国外からの移入種である。 本目録には, 44種の寄生虫(繊毛虫類6種, 微胞子虫類1種, ミクソゾア類6種, 吸虫類7種, 単生類7種, 条虫類3種, 線虫類7種, 鉤頭動物4種, ヒル類2種, カイアシ類1種)に加えて, 学名がまだ決定していない寄生虫の情報が含まれる。 寄生虫-宿主リストでは, 各寄生虫は高位分類群ごとに配列され, 最新の学名, シノニム, 寄生部位, 地理的分布および報告者の情報が示されている。 上記44種のうち, ウナギから43種, オオウナギから1種, ヨーロッパウナギから10種の寄生虫が報告されている。 単生類のGyrodactylus anguillaeと線虫類のRaphidascaris acusはヨーロッパウナギとともにヨーロッパから, またGyrodactylus nipponensisもインド・西太平洋地域から持ち込まれたと推察されている。 ウナギから報告された寄生虫のうち, 8種は海産または汽水産で, 2種(Tubulovesicula anguillae, Pseudodactylogyrus kamegaii)の成虫がウナギに特異的に寄生しているため, 海洋と汽水域において, ウナギはそれら寄生虫の固有宿主の役割を果たしていると言える。
Morphological study of the spermatogenesis in the teleost Piaractus mesopotamicus.

The spermatogenesis of Piaractus mesopotamicus was investigated under light and transmis- sion electron microscopy. The specimens were captured from their natural environment (Rio Miranda and Rio Aquidauana, Pantanal Matogrossense, Brazil) during April and September. The results were compared with the spermatogenic data of specimens under captivity condition. In both conditions, P. mesopotamicus pre- sented the typical spermatogenesis pattern of the teleost f ishes, showing no significative differences. The spermatozoon was classified as type I, which has a globular head without acrosome, a short middle piece and a long tail constituted only by the flagellum. This type of spermatozoon is considered the basic type in fishes.
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AMONG INSECT PARASITOIDS: FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH WHITEFLIES AS HOSTS IN COTTON

Manipulative field experiments assessing the importance of interspecific competition on the dynamics of parasitoid populations and the impact of multiple parasitoids on host populations are virtually absent from the ecological literature. We report findings from such experiments assessing competitive interactions among three species of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) of the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), a pestiferous species of worldwide importance. The parasitoids used in the study (Encarsia pergandiella Howard, Eretmocerus mundus Mercet, and Encarsia formosa Gahan) encompass the range of life histories found within Aphelinidae, and they exhibit a high degree of niche overlap. The objectives of our studies were (1) to investigate the occurrence of interspecific competition among the whitefly parasitoids, (2) to quantify shifts in resource utilization patterns as influenced by experimental manipulations of the parasitoid assemblage, and (3) to .
Association between EFHD2 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia among the Han population in northern China

Objective Schizophrenia is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. The gene encoding EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2) may be a genetic risk locus for schizophrenia. Methods We genotyped four EFHD2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (281 schizophrenia cases [SCZ], 321 controls) from northern Chinese Han individuals using Sanger sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Differences existed in genotype, allele, and haplotype frequency distributions between SCZ and control groups. Results The rs2473357 genotype and allele frequency distributions differed between SCZ and controls; however, this difference disappeared after Bonferroni correction. Differences in rs2473357 genotype and allele frequency distributions between SCZ and controls were more pronounced in men than in women. The G allele increased schizophrenia risk (odds ratio = 1.807, 95% confidence interval = 1.164–2.803). Among six haplotypes (G–, A–, G-insC, A-C, G-C, and G-T), the G– haplotype frequency distribution differed between SCZ and controls in women; the A-C and G-C haplotype frequency distributions differed between SCZ and controls in men. Conclusions EFHD2 may be involved in schizophrenia. Sex differences in EFHD2 genotype and allele frequency distributions existed among schizophrenia patients. Further research is needed to determine the role of EFHD2 in schizophrenia.
Notes on abundance, size and calling activity of the South American bullfrog, Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae), in pristine and fragmented forests in Central Amazonia, Brazil

Leptodactylus pentadactylus is widely distributed in Amazonia and is characterized by a large size, nocturnal habits and terrestrial breeding. The objectives of this study are to describe characteristics of the population structure, abundance, calling activity, and size of adults and juveniles in two primary forests and one urban forest fragment in Central Amazonia. We recorded a total of 158 individuals (males, females and juveniles), most of them on stream shores. Calling males were recorded between September and December predominantly in non-riparian areas of primary forests and only in riparian areas within the urban fragment. Juveniles were found in all sampling periods and recruitment was observed in the middle and at the end of the rainy season. Reproduction and vocalization periods were seasonal, producing discrete generations. The size of adults was different between study areas, with larger individuals in the urban fragment compared to those sampled in primary forests.
The Clinical and Inflammatory Relationships between Periodontitis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

AIM To investigate associations between Periodontitis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) with and without Alpha 1 Anti-trypsin Deficiency(AATD), including neutrophil functions implicated in tissue damage. METHODS The presence and severity of periodontitis (using two international criteria) and lung disease was assessed in 156 COPD patients with and without AATD accounting for common confounding factors. Saliva and systemic inflammatory markers were measured by ELISA together with neutrophil migration. RESULTS COPD and AATD patients exhibited higher prevalence of periodontitis (COPD 95%; AATD 88%) than reported in unselected community dwelling populations even when risk factors (age, smoking history, socioeconomic status, dental habits) were considered. Periodontitis severity associated with lung disease severity (AATD, Periodontitis vs no periodontitis; FEV1 = 56% vs 99% predicted; TLCO = 59% vs. 81% predicted, p<0.0001 for both). Neutrophil migratory accuracy declined in stages II-IV periodontitis patients with COPD or AATD compared to COPD or AATD with no or stage I periodontitis. Improved dental habits appeared to be associated with a reduction in exacerbation frequency in COPD. CONCLUSION The results support shared pathophysiology between periodontitis and COPD, especially when associated with AATD. This may reflect an amplification of neutrophilic inflammation and altered neutrophil functions, already described in periodontitis, COPD and AATD.
The Cellularity of Ovine Adipose Tissue

The cellular growth of adipose tissue from Dorset Horn x Merino wethers was characterized by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipose cells until the sheep were c. 11 months old, after which hypertrophy of existing adipose cells was solely responsible for increases in adipose tissue mass. Omental adipose tissue contained larger adipose cells than either the perirenal or subcutaneous sites. The weight of fat which had been deposited in the boneless carcass meat and the internal adipose tissue depots were linearly and positively correlated with the volume of the adipose cells. Decreases in the mass of adipose tissue, which accompanied nutritional restriction, were due to decreased adipose cell size, since no change was observed in the number of adipose cells per carcass after loss in weight. The cellularity characteristics of rehabilitated sheep were similar to those of sheep which had undergone continuous growth.