Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large Tournament Games

We consider a stochastic tournament game in which each player is rewarded based on her rank in terms of the completion time of her own task and is subject to cost of effort. When players are homogeneous and the rewards are purely rank dependent, the equilibrium has a surprisingly explicit characterization, which allows us to conduct comparative statics and obtain explicit solution to several optimal reward design problems. In the general case when the players are heterogenous and payoffs are not purely rank dependent, we prove the existence, uniqueness and stability of the Nash equilibrium of the associated mean field game, and the existence of an approximate Nash equilibrium of the finite-player game. Our results have some potential economic implications; e.g., they lend support to government subsidies for R and D, assuming the profits to be made are substantial.
Asymptotic expansion of the invariant measure for ballistic random walk in the low disorder regime

We consider a random walk in random environment in the low disorder regime on $\mathbb Z^d$. That is, the probability that the random walk jumps from a site $x$ to a nearest neighboring site $x+e$ is given by $p(e)+\epsilon \xi(x,e)$, where $p(e)$ is deterministic, $\{\{\xi(x,e):|e|_1=1\}:x\in\mathbb Z^d\}$ are i.i. d. and $\epsilon>0$ is a parameter which is eventually chosen small enough. We establish an asymptotic expansion in $\epsilon$ for the invariant measure of the environmental process whenever a ballisticity condition is satisfied. As an application of our expansion, we derive a numerical expression up to first order in $\epsilon$ for the invariant measure of random perturbations of the simple symmetric random walk in dimensions $d=2$.
Transient and Recurrent Pulmonary Infiltrations Associated with Familial Mediterranean Fever

Chest symptoms and pleural effusion due to serositis in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) are occasionally misdiagnosed as acute pneumonia. However, the actual pulmonary involvement of FMF is extremely rare. A 67-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to repeated and transient anterior chest pain. Chest images revealed a moderate amount of pericardial fluid, slight bilateral pleural effusion, and infiltrations in both lower lung lobes. Colchicine treatment without antibiotics rapidly improved these symptoms and findings. Pericarditis, pleurisy and the response to colchicine indicated FMF. FMF should be considered as a causative disease of pulmonary infiltrations, especially if it occurs repeatedly.
RNA, local moves on plane trees, and transpositions on tableaux

We define a collection of functions $s_i$ on the set of plane trees (or standard Young tableaux). The functions are adapted from transpositions in the representation theory of the symmetric group and almost form a group action. They were motivated by $\textit{local moves}$ in combinatorial biology, which are maps that represent a certain unfolding and refolding of RNA strands. One main result of this study identifies a subset of local moves that we call $s_i$-local moves, and proves that $s_i$-local moves correspond to the maps $s_i$ acting on standard Young tableaux. We also prove that the graph of $s_i$-local moves is a connected, graded poset with unique minimal and maximal elements. We then extend this discussion to functions $s_i^C$ that mimic reflections in the Weyl group of type $C$. The corresponding graph is no longer connected, but we prove it has two connected components, one of symmetric and the other of asymmetric plane trees. We give open questions and possible biological interpretations.
The transition probability and the probability for the left-most particle's position of the q-TAZRP

We treat the N-particle ZRP whose jumping rates satisfy a certain condition. This condition is required to use the Bethe ansatz and the resulting model is the q-boson model that appeared in [J. Phys. A, 31 6057–6071 (1998)] by Sasamoto and Wadati or the q-TAZRP in Macdonald processes by Borodin and Corwin. We find the explicit formula of the transition probability of the q-TAZRP via the Bethe ansatz. By using the transition probability we find the probability distribution of the left-most particle’s position at time t. To find the probability for the left-most particle’s position we find a new identity corresponding to Tracy and Widom’s identity for the ASEP in [Commun. Math. Phys., 279 815–844 (2008)]. For the initial state that all particles occupy a single site, the probability distribution of the left-most particle’s position at time t is represented by the contour integral of a determinant.
In Vivo Antidepressant-Like Effect Assessment of Two Aloysia Species in Mice and LCMS Chemical Characterization of Ethanol Extract

Medicinal plants belonging to the Verbenaceae family demonstrated antidepressant effects in preclinical studies. Depression is one of the largest contributors to the global health burden of all countries. Plants from the Aloysia genus are traditionally used for affective disorders, and some of them have proven anxiolytic and antidepressant activity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of the ethanolic extract of Aloysia gratissima var. gratissima (Agg) and Aloysia virgata var. platyphylla (Avp) in mice. A tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were conducted after three doses in a period of 24 h and after 7 days of treatment. Imipramine was used as an antidepressant drug. The main results demonstrated that Agg extract reduced the immobility time in mice treated orally for 7 consecutive days when compared to the control group (reduced by about 77%, imipramine 70%). Animals treated with three doses of Avp in a 24-h period had reduced immobility time in the FST (60%), and after 7 days of treatment the reduction was greater (Avp 50, 100, and 200 about 85%; Avp 400, 96.5%; p < 0.0001, imipramine, 77%). LCMS analysis showed the presence of verbascoside, hoffmaniaketone, and hoffmaniaketone acetate in both, A. virgata var. platyphylla and A. gratissima var gratissima. The flavonoids nepetin and 6-hydroxyluteolin were also found in Agg. Both tested extracts demonstrated promising antidepressant-like activity in mice.
Energy flow in non-equilibrium conformal field theory

We study the energy current and its fluctuations in quantum gapless 1d systems far from equilibrium modeled by conformal field theory, where two separated halves are prepared at distinct temperatures and glued together at a point contact. We prove that these systems converge towards steady states, and give a general description of such non-equilibrium steady states in terms of quantum field theory data. We compute the large deviation function, also called the full counting statistics, of energy transfer through the contact. These are universal and satisfy fluctuation relations. We provide a simple representation of these quantum fluctuations in terms of classical Poisson processes whose intensities are proportional to Boltzmann weights.
Single Infrared Image Stripe Removal via Residual Attention Network

The non-uniformity of the readout circuit response in the infrared focal plane array unit detector can result in fixed pattern noise with stripe, which seriously affects the quality of the infrared images. Considering the problems of existing non-uniformity correction, such as the loss of image detail and edge blurring, a multi-scale residual network with attention mechanism is proposed for single infrared image stripe noise removal. A multi-scale feature representation module is designed to decompose the original image into varying scales to obtain more image information. The product of the direction structure similarity parameter and the Gaussian weighted Mahalanobis distance is used as the similarity metric; a channel spatial attention mechanism based on similarity (CSAS) ensures the extraction of a more discriminative channel and spatial feature. The method is employed to eliminate the stripe noise in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, while preserving the edge texture information of the image. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms four state-of-the-art methods by a large margin in terms of the qualitative and quantitative assessments. One hundred infrared images with different simulated noise intensities are applied to verify the performance of our method, and the result shows that the average peak signal-to-noise ratio and average structural similarity of the corrected image exceed 40.08 dB and 0.98, respectively.
Block-Diagonalization of Operators with Gaps, with Applications to Dirac Operators

We present new results on the block-diagonalization of Dirac operators on three-dimensional Euclidean space with unbounded potentials. Classes of admissible potentials include electromagnetic potentials with strong Coulomb singularities and more general matrix-valued potentials, even non-self-adjoint ones. For the Coulomb potential, we achieve an exact diagonalization up to nuclear charge Z=124 and prove the convergence of the Douglas-Kroll-He\ss\ approximation up to Z=62, thus improving the upper bounds Z=93 and Z=51, respectively, by H. \ Siedentop and E. \ Stockmeyer considerably. These results follow from abstract theorems on perturbations of spectral subspaces of operators with gaps, which are based on a method of H. \ Langer and C. \ Tretter and are also of independent interest.
The maximum of the four-dimensional membrane model

We show that the centred maximum of the four-dimensional membrane model on a box of sidelength $N$ converges in distribution. To do so we use a criterion of Ding, Roy and Zeitouni and prove sharp estimates for the Green's function of the discrete Bilaplacian. These estimates are the main contribution of this work and might also be of independent interest. To derive them we use estimates for the approximation quality of finite difference schemes as well as results for the Green's function of the continuous Bilaplacian.
Performance implications of the interaction between the accountants’ participation in strategic decision-making and accounting capacity

PurposeBased on the contingency theory and resource-based view, this study develops and tests a moderated mediation model explaining the performance implications of the interaction between the accountants’ participation in strategic decision-making (APAR) and accounting capacity (ACAP) in promoting the use of management accounting systems (MAS) toward enhancing firm performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing partial least squares structural equation modeling, the authors tested the proposed model and its hypotheses with survey data from 340 large Vietnamese firms.FindingsThe results indicate that (1) MAS act as the full mediator in the positive relationship between APAR and firm performance, and (2) ACAP positively moderates the effect of APAR on the use of MAS.Originality/valueOur study bridges the gap between accounting and strategic management literature by elucidating the mechanism by which the involvement of accountants in strategic issues improves the use of MAS toward enhancing firm performance and increases the current understanding of ACAP as a boundary condition for this mechanism.
Supersymmetric Path Integrals I: Differential Forms on the Loop Space

In this paper, we construct an integral map for differential forms on the loop space of Riemannian spin manifolds. In particular, the even and odd Bismut-Chern characters are integrable by this map, with their integrals given by indices of Dirac operators. We also show that our integral map satisfies a version of the localization principle in equivariant cohomology. This should provide a rigorous background for supersymmetry proofs of the Atiyah-Singer Index theorem.
Most Plant-Based Milk Alternatives in the USDA Branded Food Products Database Do Not Meet Proposed Nutrient Standards or Score Well on Nutrient Density Metrics

Plant-based milk alternatives and plant-based waters are of variable nutritional value. The present objective was to assess nutrient density of all plant-based beverages in the US Department of Agriculture Branded Food Products Database and determine whether plant-based milk alternatives met the proposed nutrient standards. Plant-based milk alternatives (n = 1042) were identified as almond, soy, coconut, cashew, other tree nut, flax/hemp, pea, and oat, quinoa, and rice products. Plant-based waters (n = 550) were coconut, aloe, tree, fruit, and plain. Machine searches of ingredient lists identified products with added sugars, salt, vitamins, and minerals. Plant-based milk alternatives were tested for compliance with previously developed nutrient standards. The Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF5.3), two versions of Nutri-Score, and Choices International were the nutrient density metrics. Plant-based milk alternatives had mean energy density of 49 kcal/100 g, were low in protein (~1.1 g/100 g), often contained added sugars and salt, and tended to be fortified with calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. Only 117 milk alternatives (11.2%) met nutrient standards and only 80 (7.7%) met the more stringent “best of class” standards for ≥2.8 g/100 g protein and <3.1 g/100 g added sugars. The latter were mostly soy milks. Nutri-Score grades varied depending on whether the beverages were treated as beverages or as solid foods, as is currently required. The highest NRF5.3 scores were given to soy, almond, and tree nut milk alternatives. Plant-based waters had low energy density (~23 kcal/100 g), contained added sugars (4.6 g/100 g), and some had added vitamin C. Applying nutrient standards to plant-based milk alternatives can aid new product development, promote more transparent labeling, and inform potential regulatory actions. Guidance on minimum protein content, maximum recommended amounts of fat, added sugars, and sodium, and consistent fortification patterns would be of value to regulatory agencies and to the food industry.
Rigidity in topology C0 of the Poisson bracket for Tonelli Hamiltonians

We prove the following rigidity result for the Tonelli Hamiltonians. Let T*M be the cotangent bundle of a closed manifold M endowed with its usual symplectic form. Let (Fn) be a sequence of Tonelli Hamiltonians that C0 converges on the compact subsets to a Tonelli Hamiltonian F. Let (Gn) be a sequence of Hamiltonians that that C0 converges on the compact subsets to a Hamiltonian G. We assume that the sequence of the Poisson brackets ({Fn, Gn}) C0-converges on the compact subsets to a C1 function . Then .
An Actively-Passivated p-GaN Gate HEMT With Screening Effect Against Surface Traps

An active-passivation p-GaN gate HEMT (AP-HEMT), featuring an active p-GaN passivation layer extending into the drain-side access region, is demonstrated on a commercial E-mode p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure wafer. The active passivation layer (APL) is electrically connected to the p-GaN gate, and thus can supply/release mobile holes through gate electrode. The mobile holes in the APL effectively shields the overlaying surface traps from depleting the underlying 2DEG channel, and thus results in a much improved dynamic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {on}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. After a 10-ms 650-V <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {DS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> stress, the measured dynamic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {on}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/static <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {on}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is 4.30 for Conv-HEMT, but only 1.39 for AP-HEMT. Specially designed HEMTs with a surface testing electrode (ST) in the access region are fabricated to verify the screening effect. A negative <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {ST}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mimics the virtual gate effect caused by negative surface charges, resulting in a reduced drain current in conventional HEMT (Conv-HEMT). In the AP-HEMT, a negative <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {ST}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is shown to induce no change in the drain current, indicating an effective screening of the trap states. On the other hand, under a positive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {ST}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> stress applied to a Conv-HEMT, electrons in the 2DEG channel are pulled over the AlGaN barrier and get trapped at the surface, resulting in a sharply decreased drain current after positive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {ST}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is removed. For the AP-HEMT, the drain current remain unchanged after the positive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {ST}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is removed. The actively passivated HEMT exhibits the highly desired suppression of surface trap induced dynamic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\text {on}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> degradation.
Experimental Investigation for Switching Characteristics of SiC Based Voltage-Reverse-Blocking Devices in Current-Source-Inverter

In this paper, the experimental investigation method is proposed for switching characteristics of silicon carbide (SiC) based voltage-reverse-blocking devices in current-source-inverter (CSI). The key is developing a novel double-pulse test (DPT) circuit for CSI. Compared with the traditional DPT of CSI that requires an ideal constant current source, the proposed method for DPT of CSI adopts an easily available voltage-source and a large inductor in series for equivalence. Moreover, accurate control of the voltage and the load current of the voltage-reverse-blocking devices is achieved by pre-charging the inductor and capacitor. And the renewal path for the inductor current is designed so that the energy on the inductor is automatically released at the end. The experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the method for investigating the switching characteristics of the SiC based voltage-reverse-blocking devices in CSI.
Deep Learning in Ischemic Stroke Imaging Analysis: A Comprehensive Review

Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate, which poses a serious challenge to human health and life. Meanwhile, the management of ischemic stroke remains highly dependent on manual visual analysis of noncontrast computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, artifacts and noise of the equipment as well as the radiologist experience play a significant role on diagnostic accuracy. To overcome these defects, the number of computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) methods for ischemic stroke is increasing substantially during the past decade. Particularly, deep learning models with massive data learning capabilities are recognized as powerful auxiliary tools for the acute intervention and guiding prognosis of ischemic stroke. To select appropriate interventions, facilitate clinical practice, and improve the clinical outcomes of patients, this review firstly surveys the current state-of-the-art deep learning technology. Then, we summarized the major applications in acute ischemic stroke imaging, particularly in exploring the potential function of stroke diagnosis and multimodal prognostication. Finally, we sketched out the current problems and prospects.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel 5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·7H2O Whiskers

Herein, novel monodisperse basic magnesium sulfate whiskers (5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·7H2O) were prepared under low-temperature and atmospheric-pressure conditions, using the admixture sodium citrate. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the whisker products. The analysis results showed that the product was composed of high-purity basic magnesium sulfate whiskers. The lengths and diameters of the whiskers were 10–20 μm and 0.1–0.2 μm, respectively, and their aspect ratios were higher than 30. The formation mechanism of 5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·7H2O involved direct assembly from the precursors without the formation of magnesium hydroxide for redissolution. High-purity MgO whiskers with smooth surfaces were prepared using the as-prepared whisker products via thermal decomposition. Thus, the findings of this study can provide technical support for the cost-effective industrial-scale preparation of basic magnesium-sulfate whiskers and associated whisker products.
Vigilant Attention, Cerebral Blood Flow and Grey Matter Volume Change after 36 h of Acute Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Male Adults: A Pilot Study

It is commonly believed that alertness and attention decrease after sleep deprivation (SD). However, there are not enough studies on the changes in psychomotor vigilance testing (PVT) during SD and the corresponding changes in brain function and brain structure after SD. Therefore, we recruited 30 healthy adult men to perform a 36 h acute SD experiment, including the measurement of five indicators of PVT every 2 h, and analysis of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and grey matter volume (GMV) changes, before and after SD by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The PVT measurement found that the mean reaction time (RT), fastest 10% RT, minor lapses, and false starts all increased progressively within 20 h of SD, except for major lapses. Subsequently, all indexes showed a significant lengthening or increasing trend, and the peak value was in the range of 24 h-32 h and decreased at 36 h, in which the number of major lapses returned to normal. MRI showed that CBF decreased in the left orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus, the left of the rolandic operculum, the left triangular part, and the right opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, and CBF increased in the left lingual gyrus and the right superior gyrus after 36 h SD. The left lingual gyrus was negatively correlated with the major lapses, and both the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus were positively correlated with the false starts. Still, there was no significant change in GMV. Therefore, we believe that 36 h of acute SD causes alterations in brain function and reduces alert attention, whereas short-term acute SD does not cause changes in brain structure.
Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC‐2.5: Ia. Radial velocities of ∼55000 stars and mean radial velocities of 516 Galactic open clusters and associations

We present the 2nd version of the Catalogue of Radial Velocities with Astrometric Data (CRVAD-2). This is the result of the cross-identification of stars from the All-Sky Compiled Catalogue of 2.5 Million Stars (ASCC-2.5) with the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities and with other recently published radial velocity lists and catalogues. The CRVAD-2 includes accurate J2000 equatorial coordinates, proper motions and trigonometric parallaxes in the Hipparcos system, B, V photometry in the Johnson system, spectral types, radial velocities (RVs), multiplicity and variability flags for 54907 ASCC-2.5 stars. We have used the CRVAD-2 for a new determination of mean RVs of 363 open clusters and stellar associations considering their established members from proper motions and photometry in the ASCC-2.5. For 330 clusters and associations we compiled previously published mean RVs from the literature, critically reviewed and partly revised them. The resulting Catalogue of Radial Velocities of Open Clusters and Associations (CRVOCA) contains about 460 open clusters and about 60 stellar associations in the Solar neighbourhood. These numbers still represent less than 30% of the total number of about 1820 objects currently known in the Galaxy. The mean RVs of young clusters are generally better known than those of older ones. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)