Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surfactant proteins SPB and SPC and their precursors in bronchoalveolar lavages from children with acute and chronic inflammatory airway disease

Background: The surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and C (SP-C) are important for the stability and function of the alveolar surfactant film. Their involvement and down-regulation in inflammatory processes has recently been proposed, but their level during neutrophilic human airway diseases are not yet known. Methods: We used 1D-electrophoresis and Western blotting to determine the concentrations and molecular forms of SP-B and SP-C in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of children with different inflammatory airway diseases. 21 children with cystic fibrosis, 15 with chronic bronchitis and 14 with pneumonia were included and compared to 14 healthy control children. Results: SP-B was detected in BAL of all 64 patients, whereas SP-C was found in BAL of all but 3 children; those three BAL fluids had more than 80% neutrophils, and in two patients, who were relavaged later, SP-C was then present and the neutrophil count was lower. SP-B was mainly present as a dimer, SP-C as a monomer. For both qualitative and quantitative measures of SP-C and SP-B, no significant differences were observed between the four evaluated patient groups. Conclusion: Concentration or molecular form of SP-B and SP-C is not altered in BAL of children with different acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. We conclude that there is no downregulation of SP-B and SP-C at the protein level in inflammatory processes of neutrophilic airway disease. Background With each litre of air people inhale, the lung is exposed on average to at least one microorganism, in conjunction with particulates, antigens and possibly noxious gases [1]. In the lower lung, a thin film of surfactant in the epithelial lining fluid of the airspaces, represents the first line of defence to this burden of airborne pathogens and toxins. Pulmonary surfactant is a highly surface-active, complex mixture of approximately 90% lipid and 10% proteins [2,3]. Whereas the role of the surfactant proteins B (SP-B) Published: 11 April 2008 BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2008, 8:6 doi:10.1186/1471-2466-8-6 Received: 30 October 2007 Accepted: 11 April 2008 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2466/8/6 © 2008 Tafel et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Two-phase flow simulation of mist film cooling with deposition for various boundary conditions

ABSTRACT Air film cooling is a conventional cooling technique that has been successfully used for gas turbine hot-section components, such as combustor liners, combustor transition pieces, and turbine vanes and blades. However, the increased benefit seems to approach a limit. This paper investigates the film cooling effectiveness considering mist injection. All the studies for various boundary conditions are conducted numerically, including the effects of droplet size, the flow rates of droplet injection, and the coolant air. Film cooling is also affected by the interaction between deposition and mist injection. A deposition configuration is located near the film hole with an inclination angle of 35°. Results show that the combined effect of injection and deposition is to weaken the film cooling effectiveness, especially upstream of x/d = 19. For the coolant air at a low speed, the mist injection cannot provide better cooling protection than without the mist injection.
A Study of the Hα Variability of Be Stars

This paper presents the results of 4 years of high-resolution spectral observations of 69 emission-line stars, 54 of them being newly discovered sources. We classified the stars on the basis of their position in the two-color IR diagram and some additional criteria: shape and width of the Hα profile, presence of He lines, proper motion and parallax, membership to open cluster and associations. Sixty of our targets turned out to be Be stars. We also found four late giants, four pre-MS stars, and one late dwarf. The Hα emission profiles of our Be stars range from single peaked to typical shell profiles that can also be highly asymmetric or single-peaked profiles with a narrow absorption core. The emission profiles appear almost constant with time or highly variable in intensity and in their V/R ratio. The detected long-term variability of the Hα emission is important for investigating the on/off switch phenomenon of Be stars. Our study led to an increase of the number of the emission-line stars of 16 open clusters.
Hierarchical Matrices: A Means to Efficiently Solve Elliptic Boundary Value Problems

Hierarchical matrices are an efficient framework for large-scale fully populated matrices arising, e.g., from the finite element discretization of solution operators of elliptic boundary value problems. In addition to storing such matrices, approximations of the usual matrix operations can be computed with logarithmic-linear complexity, which can be exploited to setup approximate preconditioners in an efficient and convenient way. Besides the algorithmic aspects of hierarchical matrices, the main aim of this book is to present their theoretical background. The book contains the existing approximation theory for elliptic problems including partial differential operators with nonsmooth coefficients. Furthermore, it presents in full detail the adaptive cross approximation method for the efficient treatment of integral operators with non-local kernel functions. The theory is supported by many numerical experiments from real applications.
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine

Background and Objective: It is crucial to study the uptake of viral droplets in the human respiratory system to control, prevent, and treat diseases. Methods: In this study, a well-veriﬁed real anatomical model was used; the passage of air in the human upper respiratory system computed using high-quality Computer Tomography (CT) images. Then, the air-ﬂow ﬁeld, along with the coronavirus micro-droplets injection, was examined in this realistic model using the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) method. The Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was used to solve the ﬁeld, and with the help of it, the accurate assessment of the temporal and spatial motion of the deposition in the virus-impregnated droplets was obtained in vitro in the upper respiratory system. Results: The results show that the amount of deposited micro-droplets in the nasal cavity area is meager at the inhalation only through the oral. However, it has the most residence time in this area. The most and least droplet absorption occurred in the oral cavity and larynx-trachea, respectively. Deposition eﬃciency is about 100% in 30 L/min ﬂow rate and 10 μ m diameter; in other words, no droplet enters the lungs. This study’s other achievements include the relatively inverse relationship between droplets deposition eﬃciency in some parts of the upper airway, which have the most deformation in the tract. Conclusions: Utilization of a realistic model with accurate and precise computational analysis can end speculation about the deposition zone, accumulation, and the effects of the COVID-19 virus on the upper respiratory tract. On the other hand, recognizing the virus-containing droplet location can ease understanding the areas where the virus can ﬁrst infect in the upper respiratory tract.
BTT_A_395817 61..67

PIK3CA activating mutations are found in 40% of advanced breast cancer and are associated with worse prognosis. PI3K blockage is associated with insulin resistance, leading to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Alpelisib is the first PI3K inhibitor used in cancer treatment. Laboratory evidence indicated that alpelisib-induced hyperinsulinemia offsets the drug’s efficacy, but insulin levels were not tested in the clinical trials that evaluated alpelisib for breast cancer. Hyperglycemia could also interfere with anti-tumor effects of PI3K inhibitors by inducing Immune tolerance and altered mitochondrial metabolism. We have monitored insulin levels in 4 breast cancer patients with concomitant metabolic syndrome treated with alpelisib, and pre-treated patients with baseline increased insulin levels with pioglitazone, a potent insulin sensitizer, to target both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, and we report the treatment course of these patients. All patients achieved glycemic control and were able to maintain alpelisib dose intensity. Duration of response to alpelisib was longer than anticipated in this treatment setting. Insulin dynamics confirmed the efficacy of pioglitazone as a specific on-target hypoglycemic and hypo-insulinemic agent in the unique setting of PI3K blockade. Our experience suggests that targeting hyperinsulinemia in patients with is safe and feasible and results in good metabolic and oncologic outcomes.
Prediction on a Graph with a Perceptron

We study the problem of online prediction of a noisy labeling of a graph with the perceptron. We address both label noise and concept noise. Graph learning is framed as an instance of prediction on a finite set. To treat label noise we show that the hinge loss bounds derived by Gentile [1] for online perceptron learning can be transformed to relative mistake bounds with an optimal leading constant when applied to prediction on a finite set. These bounds depend crucially on the norm of the learned concept. Often the norm of a concept can vary dramatically with only small perturbations in a labeling. We analyze a simple transformation that stabilizes the norm under perturbations. We derive an upper bound that depends only on natural properties of the graph — the graph diameter and the cut size of a partitioning of the graph — which are only indirectly dependent on the size of the graph. The impossibility of such bounds for the graph geodesic nearest neighbors algorithm will be demonstrated.
Technology Medicine Open Access book publisher

The purpose of this book was to present the integrative, basic and clinical approaches based on recent developments in the field of gastroenterology. The most important advances in the pathophysiology and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders are discussed including; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel disease (IBD), NSAIDs-induced gastroenteropathy and pancreatitis. Special focus was addressed to microbial aspects in the gut including recent achievements in the understanding of function of probiotic bacteria, their interaction with gastrointestinal epithelium and usefulness in the treatment of human disorders. We hope that this book will provide relevant new information useful to clinicians and basic scientists as well as to medical students, all looking for new advancements in the field of gastroenterology.
The existence of conjugate degradable channels that are not degradable

Conjugate degradable channels are channels whose quantum capacity is calculable. They were defined and studied in [1] where, however, only channels that are both degradable and conjugate degradable were found. In this paper we bring the very first example of conjugate degradable channels that are not degradable. We also identify the physical origin of these channels and show that they belong to the class of optimal universal asymmetric cloners. We thus not only positively answer the question whether conjugate degradable channels form a new class of channels with a single-letter capacity formula but as a side result we also calculate the quantum capacity of the optimal asymmetric 1 → 1 + 1 cloning channels. Introduction and terminology Degradable quantum channels were first introduced in [2]. Loosely speaking, they are completely positive maps that are capable of simulating its own environment degrees of freedom by composing with another completely positive map called a degrading map. Their importance comes from the fact that if they describe the behavior of a physical system its quantum communication capabilities are fully understood. This statement essentially means that one is able to calculate the maximal rate at which quantum information can be reliably transmitted. The quantity that characterizes the channel’s ability to coherently transfer a quantum message is called the quantum channel capacity [3–5] and a great deal of effort has been invested in understanding its properties [6]. The problem with this truly fundamental quantity is that except for degradable channels it is virtually incalculable and often only a lower estimate called the coherent information [7] is known. On a more positive note, it has been shown that among natural physical processes there is plenty of them represented by a degradable quantum channel. The examples are the erasure channel [10], the amplitudedamping channel [11], the dephasing channel [2] and the qudit Unruh and optimal qudit cloning channels [12, 13]. The latter will eventually play an important role leading to the presented result. Degradable channels in low dimensions have also been studied systematically [14] and a summary of their many favorable properties can be found in [6, 15]. E-mail address: kbradler@ap.smu. ca.
Index compression using 64‐bit words

Modern computers typically make use of 64‐bit words as the fundamental unit of data access. However the decade‐long migration from 32‐bit architectures has not been reflected in compression technology, because of a widespread assumption that effective compression techniques operate in terms of bits or bytes, rather than words. Here we demonstrate that the use of 64‐bit access units, especially in connection with word‐bounded codes, does indeed provide the opportunity for improving the compression performance. In particular, we extend several 32‐bit word‐bounded coding schemes to 64‐bit operation and explore their uses in information retrieval applications. Our results show that the Simple‐8b approach, a 64‐bit word‐bounded code, is an excellent self‐skipping code, and has a clear advantage over its competitors in supporting fast query evaluation when the data being compressed represents the inverted index for a large text collection. The advantages of the new code also accrue on 32‐bit architectures, and for all of Boolean, ranked, and phrase queries; which means that it can be used in any situation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING). II. Transitions between atomic and molecular gas, diffuse and dense gas, gas and stars in the dwarf galaxy NGC 2976

In this study, we present the results of 12CO(J = 1–0), 13CO(J = 1–0), and C18O(J = 1–0) simultaneous observations of the dwarf galaxy NGC 2976 conducted as a part of the CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING) project using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. We investigated the properties of the molecular gas and star formation in C © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Japan. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/pasj/article-abstract/69/4/67/3916637/CO-Multi-line-Imaging-of-Nearby-Galaxies-COMING-II by guest on 19 September 2017 67-2 Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (2017), Vol. 69, No. 4 NGC 2976. We found that the molecular gas fraction depends on the surface densities of the total gas and the star formation rate, according to the main stellar disks of spiral galaxies. The ratio of 12CO(J = 3–2) to 12CO(J = 1–0) implies that the temperature of the molecular gas increases with decreases in the surface density of molecular gas. We detected 13CO(J = 1–0) by using the stacking method. The ratio between the integrated intensities of 12CO(J = 1–0) and 13CO(J = 1–0) was 27 ± 11. These ratios imply that the diffuse gas phase is dominant in low surface density regimes. We obtained a lower limit of the ratio between the integrated intensities of 12CO(J = 1–0) and C18O(J = 1–0) of 21. The relation between the surface densities of the total gas and the star formation rate followed a power-law index of 2.08 ± 0.11, which was larger than that between the surface densities of the molecular gas and the star formation rate (1.62 ± 0.17). The steep slope in the relation between the surface densities of the total gas and the star formation rate can be attributed to the rapid increase in the fraction of molecular gas at the surface density of ∼10 M . The kinematics of the molecular gas suggest that the bar-like feature rotates with a rigid-body rotation curve rather than a certain pattern speed.
Infant Mortality and Air Pollution: Modifying Effect by Social Class

Studies link air pollution with increased mortality; however, information on infants is scarce and inconclusive. Objective: We studied short-term PM10 exposure, relating to increased respiratory-related infant mortality, and estimated for poor living conditions. Methods: A case-crossover approach modeled the relationship between infant mortality (1 month–1 year of age), and ambient PM10 levels on days before death in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico (1997–2001). Socioeconomic level (SES) of the deceased was defined by residence location. Results: Overall air pollutants did not affect infant mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.94–1.11 for PM10, lag1) but low SES increased risk. Each 20 &mgr;g/m3 in PM10 (24-hour average, lag1, cumulative over 2 previous days) increased respiratory-related mortality (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 0.97–2.66; OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.06–6.17, respectively). Ozone levels did not affect infant mortality for any SES. Conclusions: Worse living conditions among lower SES concurred with increased mortality.
Omni-supervised Facial Expression Recognition: A Simple Baseline

In this paper, we target on advancing the performance in facial expression recognition (FER) by exploiting omni-supervised learning. The current state of the art FER approaches usually aim to recognize facial expressions in a controlled environment by training models with a limited number of samples. To enhance the robustness of the learned models for various scenarios, we propose to perform omni-supervised learning by exploiting the labeled samples together with a large number of unlabeled data. Particularly, we first employ MS-Celeb-1M as the facial-pool where around 5,822K unlabeled facial images are included. Then, a primitive model learned on a small number of labeled samples is adopted to select samples with high confidence from the facial-pool by conducting feature-based similarity comparison. We find the new dataset constructed in such an omni-supervised manner can significantly improve the generalization ability of the learned FER model and boost the performance consequently. However, as more training samples are used, more computation resources and training time are required, which is usually not affordable in many circumstances. To relieve the requirement of computational resources, we further adopt a dataset distillation strategy to distill the target task-related knowledge from the new mined samples and compressed them into a very small set of images. This distilled dataset is capable of boosting the performance of FER with few additional computational cost introduced. We perform extensive experiments on five popular benchmarks and a newly constructed dataset, where consistent gains can be achieved under various settings using the proposed framework. We hope this work will serve as a solid baseline and help ease future research in FER.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids Comparison of Extended and Ensemble Kalman Filters for Data Assimilation in Coastal Area Modelling

SUMMARY Data assimilation in a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for bays, estuaries and coastal areas is considered. Two different methods based on the Kalman filter scheme are presented. These include (1) an extended Kalman filter in which the error covariance matrix is approximated by a matrix of reduced rank using a square root factorisation (RRSQRT KF), and (2) an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based on a Monte Carlo simulation approach for propagation of errors. The filtering problem is formulated by utilising a general description of the model noise process related to errors in the model forcing, i.e. open boundary conditions and meteorological forcing. The performance of the two Kalman filters is evaluated using a twin experiment based on a hypothetical bay region. For both filters, the error covariance approximation sufficiently resolves the error propagation in the model at a computational load that is significantly smaller than required by the full Kalman filter algorithm. Furthermore, the Kalman filters are shown to be very robust with respect to defining the errors. Even in the case of a severely biased model error, the filters are able to efficiently correct the model. In general, the use of coloured model noise provides a numerically more efficient algorithm as well as a better performance of the filter. The error covariance approximation in the RRSQRT KF is shown to be more efficient than the error representation in the EnKF. For strongly non-linear dynamics, however, the EnKF is preferable.
Analyzing Tropical Cyclone Structures during Secondary Eyewall Formation Using Aircraft In Situ Observations

The dynamical mechanisms for secondary eyewall formation (SEF) in tropical cyclones (TCs) are not yet fully understood. Most hypotheses for SEF rely on the early presence of persistent and widespread rainband convection outside of the primary eyewall. This convection eventually coalesces into a secondary eyewall through both axisymmetric and asymmetric processes, but the extent and importance of these dynamical processes and their associated convective structures remain unclear. This study examines the evolution of axisymmetric and asymmetric structures in a composite analysis of Atlantic TCs from 1999 to 2015 using aircraft reconnaissance observations from the Extended Flight-Level Dataset for Tropical Cyclones (FLIGHT+). Compared to intensifying TCs that did not experience SEF, TCs undergoing SEF showed axisymmetric broadening of the outer wind field in the tangential wind and angular momentum profiles before SEF. Thermodynamic observations indicated features consistent with strengthening eyewall convection. We also analyzed TCs in shear-relative quadrants to examine the evolution of asymmetric kinematic and thermodynamic structures during SEF. Utilizing a new normalization technique based on the radii of both eyewalls, we isolated the structures surrounding the secondary eyewall before and during SEF. Using this technique, we found that kinematic structures of the developing secondary eyewall were most prominent in the left-of-shear half, and the thermodynamic structures of the secondary eyewall became more axisymmetric during SEF. Asymmetries developed in the primary eyewall thermodynamics as it decayed. Understanding the evolution of these observed structures characteristic to SEF will improve our ability to predict SEF and the resulting changes in TC intensity and structure.
ALGEBRAICITY OF SPECIAL L-VALUES ATTACHED TO SIEGEL-JACOBI MODULAR FORMS THANASIS BOUGANIS AND JOLANTA MARZEC

This paper should be seen as a continuation of our earlier paper [3] on properties of the standard L-function attached to a Siegel-Jacobi modular form. Indeed, in [3] we have established various analytic properties (Euler product decomposition, analytic continuation and detection of poles) of the standard L-function attached to SiegelJacobi modular forms, and in this paper we turn our attention to algebraicity properties of some special L-values.