Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Surface and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printable Denture-Base Resin Material and Conventional Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).

PURPOSE To study the surface and mechanical properties of 3D printed denture-base resin material and compare them with conventional heat-cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three brands of 3D printed denture-base resin material and one conventional heat-cured PMMA were tested in this study. NextDent 3D printed resin, Dentona 3D printed resin, ASIGA 3D printed resin and Meliodent conventional PMMA. Sixty specimens (25 × 25 × 3 mm) were fabricated (n=15 per group) to perform the following tests: wettability, surface roughness, and micro-hardness. One hundred twenty specimens (65 × 10 × 3 mm) were fabricated (n=30 per group) and stored in distilled water at (37 ± 1°C) for 7 days. Specimens (N = 15) in each group were subjected to the three-point bending test and impact strength test, employing the Charpy configuration on un-notched specimens. The morphology of the fractured specimens was studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey-pairwise multiple comparisons with 95% confidence interval. P-values of ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS The conventional heat-cured specimens demonstrated the highest means of surface roughness (0.23 ±0.07 μm), Vickers hardness number (18.11 ±0.65) and flexural strength (92.44 ±7.91 MPa), and the lowest mean of contact angle (66.71o ±3.38o). ASIGA group showed the highest mean of contact angle (73.44o ± 2.74o) and the lowest mean of surface roughness (0.19 ±0.03 μm). The highest mean of impact strength was recorded in the Dentona group (17.98 ±1.76 Kg∖m2). NextDent specimens showed the lowest means of Vickers hardness number (16.20 ±0.93), flexural strength (74.89 ±8.44 MPa), impact strength (15.20 ±0.69 Kg∖m2), and recorded the highest mean of bending modulus (2,115.80 ±178.95 MPa). CONCLUSIONS 3D printed resin exhibited noticeable differences in surface and mechanical properties between different brands and with conventional heat-polymerized PMMA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A cluster of transcripts identifies a transition stage initiating leafy head growth in heading morphotypes of Brassica

SUMMARY Leaf heading is an important and economically valuable horticultural trait in many vegetables. The formation of a leafy head is a specialized leaf morphogenesis characterized by the emergence of the enlarged incurving leaves. However, the transcriptional regulation mechanisms underlying the transition to leaf heading remain unclear. We carried out large‐scale time‐series transcriptome assays covering the major vegetative growth phases of two headingBrassica crops, Chinese cabbage and cabbage, with the non‐heading morphotype Taicai as the control. A regulatory transition stage that initiated the heading process is identified, accompanied by a developmental switch from rosette leaf to heading leaf in Chinese cabbages. This transition did not exist in the non‐heading control. Moreover, we reveal that the heading transition stage is also conserved in the cabbage clade. Chinese cabbage acquired through domestication a leafy head independently from the origins of heading in other cabbages; phylogenetics supports that the ancestor of all cabbages is non‐heading. The launch of the transition stage is closely associated with the ambient temperature. In addition, examination of the biological activities in the transition stage identified the ethylene pathway as particularly active, and we hypothesize that this pathway was targeted for selection for domestication to form the heading trait specifically in Chinese cabbage. In conclusion, our findings on the transcriptome transition that initiated the leaf heading in Chinese cabbage and cabbage provide a new perspective for future studies of leafy head crops.
BASE-ISOLATION TECHNOLOGY FOR EARTHQUAKE PROTECTION OF ART OBJECTS

In this paper the dynamic response of base-isolated block-like slender objects, such as statues, subjected to horizontal ground excitation is investigated. The structural model employed consists of a rigid block supported on a rigid base, beneath which the isolation system is accommodated. Assuming no sliding of the block relative to the supporting base, when subjected to ground excitation the system may exhibit two possible patterns of motion, namely pure translation, in which the system in its entirety oscillates horizontally (1 degree-of-freedom response), and rocking, in which the rigid block pivots on its edges with respect to the horizontally-moving base (2 degree-of-freedom response). The dynamic response of the system is strongly affected by the occurrence of impact between the block and the horizontally-moving base, as impact can modify not only the energy but also the degrees of freedom of the system by virtue of the discontinuity introduced in the response. Therefore, the critical role of impact in the dynamics of the system necessitates a rigorous formulation of the impact problem. In this study, a model governing impact from the rocking mode is derived from first principles using classical impact theory. Numerical results are obtained via an ad hoc computational scheme developed to determine the response of the system under horizontal ground excitation.
Lysosomal exocytosis of HSP70 stimulates monocytic BMP6 expression in Sjögren’s syndrome

BMP6 is a central cytokine in the induction of Sjögren’s syndrome–associated (SS-associated) secretory hypofunction. However, the upstream initiation leading to the production of this cytokine in SS is unknown. In this study, RNA ISH on salivary gland sections taken from patients with SS indicated monocytic lineage cells as a cellular source of BMP6. RNA-Seq data on human salivary glands suggested that TLR4 signaling was an upstream regulator of BMP6, which was confirmed by in vitro cell assays and single-cell transcriptomics of human PBMCs. Further investigation showed that HSP70 was an endogenous natural TLR4 ligand that stimulated BMP6 expression in SS. Release of HSP70 from epithelial cells could be triggered by overexpression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3), a protein also associated with SS in several transcriptome studies. In vitro studies supported the idea that HSP70 was released as a result of lysosomal exocytosis initiated by LAMP3 expression, and reverse transcription PCR on RNA from minor salivary glands of patients with SS confirmed a positive correlation between BMP6 and LAMP3 expression. BMP6 expression could be experimentally induced in mice by overexpression of LAMP3, which developed an SS-like phenotype. The newly identified LAMP3/HSP70/BMP6 axis provided an etiological model for SS gland dysfunction and autoimmunity.
The fundamental questions left unanswered: response to commentary on the ‘problems with delay discounting’

We appreciate the opportunity to continue a dialogue on these important issues. We will briefly address some specific points of Stein, MacKillop, McClure, and Bickel (2022), but will open with a few general comments. First, we recognize the seminal contributions of the authors of the commentary (Stein et al., 2022) to the understanding of intemporal choice (ITC; Dai and Busemeyer, 2014) and psychopathology. We also see great value in the research that aims to understand ITC and how such processes relate to clinical phenomena. Indeed, our group has published a number of articles utilizing essentially the same measure of discounting that we now critique as having significant limitations (Bailey, Gerst, & Finn, 2018, 2020; Bobova, Finn, Rickert, & Lucas, 2009; Finn, Gunn, & Gerst, 2015; Molloy et al., 2020). Our review (Bailey, Romeu, & Finn, 2021) is actually the culmination of asking ourselves basic questions about the construct of delay discounting and its role in real-world decisionmaking and subsequently, being concerned with what we observed as weaknesses in the theoretical foundation, and external validity, of the current task that is overwhelmingly used to assess how individuals discount incentives across time. Furthermore, our paper was meant to invite the field to question whether delay discounting measurement paradigms provide generalizable information about ITC patterns and psychopathology at large. We make it clear throughout our paper that discounting is reliably and modestly related to criteria of interest. However, we question whether a measure with very modest associations with criterion outcomes and limited theoretical understanding should be described as a ‘core’ transdiagnostic process, and subsequently should demand so central a position in substance use research. Importantly, our review means to discuss overarching theoretical concerns with the constructs of delay discounting and ITC at large. Although we cite extensive empirical findings, we do not agree with the assertion by Stein et al. (2022) that such questions should and even could be addressed through meta-analysis. Our concerns are not about the value of specific parameters, but about the theoretical foundations of an expansive research program, an issue that a meta-analysis cannot address. Therefore, we believe readers can assess the value of our arguments and form their own conclusions.
DNA methylation in blood cells is associated with cortisol levels in offspring of mothers who had prenatal post‐traumatic stress disorder

Abstract Maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with differential DNA methylation in offspring and disrupted cortisol secretion. This study aimed to determine methylation signatures of cortisol levels in children, and whether associations differ based on maternal post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Blood epigenome‐wide methylation and fasting cortisol levels were measured in 118 offspring of mothers recruited from the Kosovo Rehabilitation Centre for Torture Victims. Mothers underwent clinically administered assessment for PTSD using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Correlations between offspring methylation and cortisol levels were examined using epigenome‐wide analysis, adjusting for covariates. Subsequent analysis focussed on a priori selected genes involved in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis stress signalling. Methylation at four sites were correlated with cortisol levels (cg15321696, r = −0.33, cg18105800, r = +0.33, cg00986889, r = −0.25, and cg15920527, r = −0.27). In adjusted multivariable regression, when stratifying based on prenatal PTSD status, significant associations were only found for children born to mothers with prenatal PTSD (p < 0.001). Several sites within HPA axis genes were also associated with cortisol levels in the maternal PTSD group specifically. There is evidence that methylation is associated with cortisol levels, particularly in offspring born to mothers with prenatal PTSD. However, larger studies need to be carried out to independently validate these findings.
Risk Paths in International Construction Projects: Case Study from Chinese Contractors

AbstractContracting in overseas construction markets involves not only the typical risks at home, but also the complex and diverse risks peculiar to international transactions. In addition, international construction project risks are highly interdependent. The objectives of this study are to (1) explore the risk paths in the international construction projects performed by Chinese contractors, and (2) examine the risk effects on the objectives of these projects. To achieve the research objectives, a total of 60 risks were identified from literature review and a questionnaire survey was conducted with 104 professionals from Chinese international contractors. Adopting the structural equation modeling technique, this study proposed a networking of 20 significant risk paths. Specifically, host government–related risk, contractor’s lack of experience, and contractors’ lack of managerial skills had significant effect on project cost, quality, and schedule objectives, respectively. Moreover, host government–rel.
A rice single cell transcriptomic atlas defines the developmental trajectories of rice floret and inflorescence meristems.

Rice inflorescence development, determines yield and relies on the activity of axillary meristems (AMs), however, high-resolution analysis of its early development is lacking. Here, we have used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to profile 37,571 rice inflorescence cells, and constructed a genome-scale gene expression resource covering the inflorescence-to-floret transition during early reproductive development. The differentiation trajectories of florets and AMs were reconstructed, and discrete cell types and groups of regulators in the highly heterogeneous young inflorescence were identified, and validated by in situ hybridization and with fluorescent marker lines. Our data demonstrates that a WOX transcription factor, DWARF TILLER1 (DWT1), regulates flower meristem activity, and provides evidence for the role of auxin in rice inflorescence branching by exploring the expression and biological role of the auxin importer OsAUX1. Our comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of early rice inflorescence development, supported by genetic evidence, provides single-cell level insights into AM differentiation and floret development.
Riboflavin is an antioxidant: a review update

Abstract Aerobic organisms need antioxidant defense systems to deal with free radicals which either are produced during aerobic respiration or may have an external origin. Oxidative stress, which is resulted from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of antioxidant defense mechanism to deactivate them, is involved in the development of many chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, CVD and some neurodegenerative diseases. Reinforcing the antioxidant potential of the body has been considered as a strategy that could prevent and manage such conditions. In the previous review article published by British Journal of Nutrition, in 2014, for the first time, we concluded that riboflavin could alleviate oxidative stress. Although riboflavin can serve as a prooxidant when exposed to ultraviolet irradiation, the literature is replete with studies that support its antioxidant properties. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that riboflavin may have a therapeutic potential in many conditions in which oxidative stress is involved, although the therapeutic efficacy of riboflavin as an antioxidant requires further study under conditions of wellness and clinical disease.
Novel systemic treatment approaches for metastatic pancreatic cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a 5-year overall survival rate of 10%, emphasizing the need for more effective therapies, especially in metastatic disease. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, poor vascularization, and dense tumor stroma typical for PDAC are hurdles that need to be overcome by novel drugs. Investigations are moving toward more targeted treatments including immunotherapy and cell-based approaches. Areas covered This article reviews emerging drugs in clinical development for metastatic PDAC, focusing on cellular therapies and novel treatments targeting metabolism, tumor stroma, oncogenic pathways and immunosuppression. With immunotherapy and CAR T-cell therapy on the rise in hematological malignancies, the transfer to solid tumors remains intriguing. Multiple exciting clinical trials investigating innovative therapeutic strategies for PDAC are currently ongoing and reviewed herein. ClinicalTrials.gov, conference abstracts and PubMed were searched in August 2021 and assessed for information on ongoing and published clinical studies. Expert opinion With many challenges to overcome, the optimal therapy for patients with metastatic PDAC is likely to consist of a combination of different agents. We are slowly moving from entity-dependent approaches to ones more focused on molecular and pathological features. Increasingly personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient may be the future of PDAC therapy.
Informed consent, genomic research and mental health: A integrative review

Background Research on genomics has increased while the biobank activities are becoming more common in different countries. In the mental health field, the questions concerning the potential participants’ vulnerability as well as capacity to give the informed consent can cause reluctancy in recruiting persons with mental health problems, although the knowledge and understanding of mental health problems has remarkable changed, and practice is guided with inclusive approaches, such as recovery approach. Aim The aim of this study was to describe the current knowledge of informed consent practices in the context of genomic research on mental health from the nurses’ viewpoint. Methods An integrative review was conducted with search from seven international databases. Data consist 14 publications which were analyzed with thematic analysis. Ethical considerations Ethical requirements were respected in every phase of the research process. Findings Most of the papers were published in USA and between 2000–2010. Eight reports were categorized as discussion papers, four qualitative studies and one quantitative study. The thematic analysis provided information on five themes: complexity with the capacity to consent, mixed emotions towards participation, factors influencing the decision to participate, nurses’ informed consent process competence and variations between consent procedures. Discussion In the informed consent practices, there are various aspects which may affect both the willingness to participate in the study and the informed consent process itself. Implications for practice, education, research, and policies are discussed. Conclusion There is a need for more updated international research on the topic in the context of different international and national guidelines, legislation, and directives. This study provided a viewpoint to the more collaborative research activities with people with lived experiences also in this field of research following the ideas of recovery approach.
Global burden of primary liver cancer by five etiologies and global prediction by 2035 based on global burden of disease study 2019

Using data from the global burden of disease (GBD) between 1990 and 2019 to report the leading etiological factors and hazards for liver cancer by HBV (LCHB), HCV (LCHC), alcoholic use (LCAL), NASH (LCNA), and other causes (LCOT).
The Microbiome in Bronchial Biopsies from Smokers and Ex-Smokers with Stable COPD - A Metatranscriptomic Approach

Abstract Current knowledge about the respiratory microbiome is mainly based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Newer sequencing approaches, such as metatranscriptomics, offer the technical ability to measure the viable microbiome response to environmental conditions such as smoking as well as to explore its functional role by investigating host-microbiome interactions. However, knowledge about its feasibility in respiratory microbiome research, especially in lung biopsies, is still very limited. RNA sequencing was performed in bronchial biopsies from clinically stable smokers (n = 5) and ex-smokers (n = 6) with COPD not using (inhaled) steroids. The Trinity assembler was used to assemble non-human reads in order to allow unbiased taxonomical and microbial transcriptional analyses. Subsequently, host-microbiome interactions were analyzed based on associations with host transcriptomic data. Ultra-low levels of microbial mass (0.009%) were identified in the RNA-seq data. Overall, no differences were identified in microbiome diversity or transcriptional profiles of microbial communities or individual microbes between COPD smokers and ex-smokers in the initial test dataset as well as a larger replication dataset. We identified an upregulated host gene set, related to the simultaneous presence of Bradyrhizobium, Roseomonas, Brevibacterium.spp. , which were related to PERK-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) and expression of the microRNA-155-5p. Our results show that metatranscriptomic profiling in bronchial biopsy samples from stable COPD patients yields ultra-low levels of microbial mass. Further, this study illustrates the potential of using transcriptional profiling of the host and microbiome to gain more insight into their interaction in the airways.
Analysis of the Associations Between the Human Fecal Microbiome and Bone Density, Structure, and Strength: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Cohort

In preclinical models, the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been linked to bone growth and homeostasis, but there are few available data from studies of human populations. In a hypothesis‐generating experiment in a large cohort of community‐dwelling older men (n = 831; age range, 78–98 years), we explored the associations between fecal microbial profiles and bone density, microarchitecture, and strength measured with total hip dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) (distal radius, distal and diaphyseal tibia). Fecal samples were collected and the 16S rRNA gene V4 hypervariable region sequenced. Sequences were bioinformatically processed through the DADA2 pipeline and then taxonomically assigned using SILVA. Generalized linear models as implemented in microbiome multivariable association with linear models (MaAsLin 2) were used to test for associations between skeletal measures and specific microbial genera. The abundances of four bacterial genera were weakly associated with bone density, structure, or strength (false discovery rate [FDR] ≤ 0.05), and the measured directions of associations of genera were generally consistent across multiple bone measures, supporting a role for microbiota on skeletal homeostasis. However, the associated effect sizes were small (log2 fold change < ±0.35), limiting power to confidently identify these associations even with high resolution skeletal imaging phenotypes, and we assessed the resulting implications for the design of future cohort‐based studies. As in analogous examples from genomewide association studies, we find that larger cohort sizes will likely be needed to confidently identify associations between the fecal microbiota and skeletal health relying on 16S sequencing. Our findings bolster the view that the gut microbiome is associated with clinically important measures of bone health, while also indicating the challenges in the design of cohort‐based microbiome studies. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
BACE1: More than just a β‐secretase

β‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme‐1 (BACE1) research has historically focused on its actions as the β‐secretase responsible for the production of β‐amyloid beta, observed in Alzheimer's disease. Although the greatest expression of BACE1 is found in the brain, BACE1 mRNA and protein is also found in many cell types including pancreatic β‐cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and vascular cells. Pathologically elevated BACE1 expression in these cells has been implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we examine key questions surrounding the BACE1 literature, including how is BACE1 regulated and how dysregulation may occur in disease, and understand how BACE1 regulates metabolism via cleavage of a myriad of substrates. The phenotype of the BACE1 knockout mice models, including reduced weight gain, increased energy expenditure, and enhanced leptin signaling, proposes a physiological role of BACE1 in regulating energy metabolism and homeostasis. Taken together with the weight loss observed with BACE1 inhibitors in clinical trials, these data highlight a novel role for BACE1 in regulation of metabolic physiology. Finally, this review aims to examine the possibility that BACE1 inhibitors could provide a innovative treatment for obesity and its comorbidities.