Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence Of Problem-Based Learning On The Ability to Work Together And Solve Problems Of Students in Class XII Ma Al Hidayah Bangkalan PPKN Subjects

This study aims to 1) describe the effect of problem-based learning collaboration skills students in PPKn Class XII MA Al Hidayah Bangkalan, 2) describe the effect of Problem Based Learning on students' problem-solving skills in PPKn Class XII MA Al Hidayah Bangkalan. The method used is an experiment by comparing the results of the pre-test and post-test using two groups selected, namely the experimental group and the control group. In line with objectives 1) the results show that the problem-based learning model has an influence on students' cooperative skills in civics subject. Based on the results of data analysis which stated that there were significant differences in the cooperative skills of the two groups, it can be proven that the learning model has an influence on students' collaboration skills. In accordance with objective 2), it was found that the problem-based learning model had an influence on the problem-solving abilities of students in Civics subjects. Based on the results of data analysis which stated that there were significant differences in the problem-solving skills of the two groups, it can be proven that the learning model has an influence on students' problem-solving abilities. So it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning learning model has the effect of increasing collaboration skills and students' problem solving skills in PPKn Class XII subjects MA Al Hidayah Bangkalan
The Impact of Strategy Implementation on the Performance of Ugandan State Agencies: A Quantitative Study

This study examines how strategy implementation affects Ugandan state agencies’ performance. It conceptualizes strategy implementation as operationalization and institutionalization, and measures performance by efficiency and effectiveness. This study surveyed 160 state agencies using a cross-sectional design and a structured questionnaire. The top management team (TMT) members of each agency, including CEO/Managing Director, Deputy/Assistant CEO, Corporation Secretary, and Heads of Department, were the respondents. At least three TMT members from each agency participated in the online survey, which was chosen due to the COVID-19 restrictions. The data analysis methods were factor analysis, descriptive, and multilinear regression analysis. The study adhered to the ethical principles of informed consent, confidentiality, and anonymity. Ugandan state agencies perform better when they implement their strategies effectively. The statistical analysis reveals that institutionalization is a key driver of performance outcomes, with a positive and highly significant coefficient (p < 0.000). On the other hand, operationalization has a positive but insignificant coefficient (p = 0.140), indicating a weak link between operationalization and performance. These findings highlight the importance of aligning the strategy with the organization’s internal environment. The study provides invaluable contribution the realm of strategic management, particularly within the public sector, focusing primarily on the performance of state agencies in Uganda. It is groundbreaking research that explores this relationship in a developing country. It methodically examines the profound effect that the execution of various strategies has on these entities. This study contributes to the strategic management literature in the public domain. The insights and recommendations derived from this study are valuable for professionals and policymakers involved in creating and implementing strategic plans within the public sector. This study offers practical and theoretical contributions for strategy implementation and performance in public sector contexts. It suggests that state agency managers and policymakers should foster a supportive culture, enhance leadership skills, facilitate communication channels, allocate adequate resources, and adapt to environmental changes to improve strategy execution and outcomes. It also adds to the literature on strategic management in public sector contexts, especially in developing countries.
Bayesian Hidden Markov Modelling of Blood Type Distribution for Covid-19 Cases Using Poisson Distribution

This paper proposes a model to describe the blood types distribution of new Coronavirus (COVID-19) cases using the Bayesian Poisson - Hidden Markov Model (BP-HMM). With the help of the Gibbs sampler algorithm, using OpenBugs, the study first identifies the number of hidden states fitting European (EU) and African (AF) data sets of COVID-19 cases by blood type frequency. The study then compares the state-dependent mean of infection within and across the two geographical areas. The study findings show that the number of hidden states and infection rate within and across the two geographical areas differ according to blood type.
Reading Skills Learning in the "Arabic-Online.net" Application by Saudi Electronic University Based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)

This research focuses on analyzing learning qira’ah (reading) skills in the Arabic-Online.net program within the learning assessment evaluation framework, especially the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) as one of the international standards in foreign language learning. This research is qualitative research, and the primary data in this research is reading text in qira'ah material from all 16 levels in Arabic-Online.net. In the analysis, the researchers focused on the reading texts provided at each level in the program through the CEFR framework. Data analysis in this research used data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions based on Miles and Huberman’s method. The research findings indicate that the reading skills instruction in the "Arabic-Online.net" application offers a diverse range of instructional materials. These materials are designed to help participants comprehensively master reading skills. The content, vocabulary, and exercises within this program align with the CEFR standards. This is demonstrated not only in the selection of themes with higher levels of difficulty but also through the inclusion of more complex questions and exercises. The chosen themes are systematically organized, starting from topics closely related to the participants' experiences and progressing to subjects further removed from daily life, such as transportation, administration, and legal issues. These diverse themes not only require a strong language proficiency with a command of vocabulary related to the themes but also demand critical and exploratory thinking from learners to grasp the discourse and main points of the reading materials.
Feature overlap modulates rapid semantic but not lexical integration of novel associations by means of fast mapping

There is evidence that rapid integration of novel associations into cortical networks is possible if associations are acquired through a learning procedure called fast mapping (FM). FM requires precise visual discrimination of sometimes highly similar pictures of a previously unknown and a known item, and linking an unfamiliar label to the unknown item. In order to shed light on the mechanisms underlying learning through FM, we manipulated feature overlap between the two items as potential modulating factor. In Experiment 1, we found that labels of the unknown items generally evoked instantaneous lexical competition when encoded through FM, indicating rapid integration into lexical networks. In Experiment 2, we observed semantic priming immediately after FM encoding but only if the items shared many features. This indicates that whereas feature overlap leaves item-level lexical integration unaffected, it might mediate semantic integration of arbitrary picture-label associations, which could explain contradictory findings in the literature. Highlights We examined cortical integration of associations using implicit memory measures. Fast mapping enables immediate integration of associations into cortical networks. Semantic integration requires the discrimination between items sharing many features. Item-level lexical integration is unaffected by feature overlap.
A Modeling Approach to Evaluate the Impacts of Water Quality Management Plans Implemented in the Big Cypress Creek Watershed

Several Best Management Practices (BMPs) were implemented under Water Quality Management Plans (WQMPs) in the Big Cypress Creek Watershed in Texas, USA, where nonpoint source pollution was a serious concern. Major sources of pollution were poultry litter applications and sediment erosion. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of implementation of WQMPs on nonpoint source pollution through a modeling approach. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to quantify the impacts of implementing WQMPs on sediment and nutrients. A pre-BMP scenario representing conditions of the watershed prior to the implementation of WQMPs, and a post-BMP scenario representing the conditions of the watershed after implementation of WQMPs were simulated to estimate the reductions in nonpoint source pollution due to WQMP implementation. Results are presented as percentage reductions in sediment and nutrient loadings. Estimated reductions were about 1% for sediment, about 2% for nitrogen and about 8 to 9% for phosphorus loadings at three locations along the Big Cypress Creek. Higher reductions in phosphorus at watershed level were due to poultry manure management. This study showed that a modeling approach could be used to evaluate the impacts of water quality management programs in large watersheds.
Effects of AGT and AGTR1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Changes in Blood Pressure Over a Five-Year Follow-Up

Purpose The renin–angiotensin system plays an important role in the central regulation of blood pressure (BP). Genetic variations of angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) may increase susceptibility to elevated BP and hypertension. This study investigated the effects of AGT rs699 and AGTR1 rs5186 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on BP at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up. Paticipants and Methods The study population consisted of participants from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand cohort study (n=354); data were collected at baseline (2013) and 5 years later (2018). Genotyping of the two SNPs was performed using TaqMan® assay and statistical analyses were performed with SNPStats software. Results The frequencies of the two SNPs were within the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.22 for AGT rs699 and p=0.06 for AGTR1 rs5186). For each SNP, mutant genotypes were significantly associated with increased systolic BP and/or diastolic BP in the codominant and recessive models. Risk alleles of AGT rs699 and AGTR1 rs5186 were associated with increased odds of hypertension and hypertension with metabolic syndrome at follow-up. Conclusion Overall, our results suggest that polymorphisms of genes in the renin–angiotensin system increase susceptibility to the development and progression of hypertension and the development of the metabolic syndrome.
Leptostracés (Crustacea) de Nouvelle-Calédonie (mer de Corail, Ouest Pacifique)

Trois especes et deux sous-especes de Nebaliacea, nouvelles pour la science, ont ete recoltees aux abords de Noumea (Nouvelle-Caledonie) : Nebalia melanophthalma n. sp. , N. neocaledoniensis n. sp. , Sarsinebalia kunyensis n. sp. , N. daytoni brevicaudata n. subsp. et Paranebalia longipes neocaledoniensis n. subsp. Ces especes vivent dans les sables coralliens et le sediment des herbiers de phanerogames du systeme recifal exceptee Sarsinebalia kunyensis vivant sur des fonds bathyaux au large de l'ile des Pins. Un tableau synoptique de quelques caracteres des especes connues du genre Nebalia est propose.
Microbiology of Infective Endocarditis in United States Veterans - Association Between Causative Organism and Short- and Long-Term Outcomes.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have elucidated the relationship between causative organism and outcomes in infective endocarditis, however this relationship has not been studies in United States Veterans. The aim of this manuscript is to evaluate the association between causative organism and short-term and long-term outcomes in United States (US) Veterans with infective endocarditis (IE) requiring surgical management between 2010-2020. METHODS We analyzed 489 patients with surgically treated IE from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure databases. Patients were divided into groups using causative organism identified from blood or intraoperative cultures - Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Gram-negative rods, Enterococcus, Polymicrobial, and Unknown/Culture Negative. Other identified organisms were excluded from analysis. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate risk for stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), myocardial infarction (MI), and death based on group. The models were adjusted for covariates using backward elimination. Continuous variables were compared using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H tests, and categorical variables were compared using Chi square tests. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 4.0 ± 6.3 years. Gram negative rods (GNRs) were associated with greater risk of long-term mortality (adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) 2.15, 95% CI: 1.20-3.86, p = 0.01). Enterococcus was associated with long-term risk of MI (aHR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.07-3.94, p = 0.03). Resistant organisms, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, were associated with long-term risk of MI (aHR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.14-5.45, p = 0.02). Polymicrobial infections were associated with greater risk of perioperative complications, including prolonged mechanical ventilation (48 hrs) (aHR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.05-2.97, p = 0.034), tracheostomy (aHR 5.64, 95% CI: 2.35-13.55, p < 0.001), and prolonged ICU stay (5 days) (aHR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01-1.91, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS In US Veterans, polymicrobial infections had notably worse perioperative outcomes but similar long-term outcomes in comparison to monomicrobial infections. GNR infections were associated with increased long-term mortality. Enterococcus and resistant organisms were associated with increased long-term risk of MI. Polymicrobial infections were associated with greater risk of perioperative complications, including prolonged mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, and prolonged ICU stay.
Relative Recovery of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet has a critical role in the induction of weight gain and obesity-related pathologies. This study tested the hypothesis that a carbohydrate-rich diet induces weight gain, ectopic fat deposition, associated metabolic risks and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which are partially reversible following carbohydrate reduction. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a carbohydrate-enriched cafeteria diet (CAF) or normal chow (NC) ad libitum for 16–18 weeks. In the reversible group (REV), the CAF was replaced with NC for a further 3 weeks (18–21 weeks). Animals fed the CAF diet showed significantly increased body weight compared to those fed NC, accompanied by abnormal changes in their systemic insulin and triglycerides, elevation of hepatic triglyceride and hepatic steatosis. In the REV group, when the CAF diet was stopped, a modest, non-significant weight loss was associated with improvement in systemic insulin and appearance of the liver, with lower gross fatty deposits and hepatic triglyceride. In conclusion, a carbohydrate-enriched diet led to many features of metabolic syndrome, including hyperinsulinemia, while a dietary reduction in this macronutrient, even for a short period, was able to restore normoinsulinemia, and reversed some of the obesity-related hepatic abnormalities, without significant weight loss.
Single-cell transcriptomics of the naked mole-rat reveals unexpected features of mammalian immunity

Using single-cell transcriptional profiling we mapped the immune system of the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), a small but long-lived and cancer-resistant subterranean rodent. Both splenic and circulating immune cells were examined in healthy young animals and following an infection-mimicking lipopolysaccharide challenge. Our study revealed that the naked mole-rat immune system is characterized by a high myeloid to lymphoid cell ratio that includes a novel, lipopolysaccharide responsive, granulocyte cell subset not found in the mouse. Conversely, we find that naked mole-rats do not have a cell subset that corresponds to natural killer cells as defined in other well-characterized mammalian species. Supporting this finding, we show that the naked mole-rat genome has not expanded any of the gene families encoding diverse natural killer cell receptors, which are the genomic hallmarks of species in which natural killer cells have been described. These unusual features suggest an atypical mode of immunosurveillance and a greater reliance on myeloid-biased innate immunity.
Antibacterial Activity of Honey against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Laboratory-Based Experimental Study

Background Antimicrobial drug resistance is one of the serious issues this world is facing nowadays, and increased cost of searching for effective antimicrobial agents and the decreased rate of new drug discovery have made the situation increasingly worrisome. Objective The aim of this study is to determine in vitro antibacterial activity of honey against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from wound infection. Methods An experimental study was conducted from May to November 2017. Methicillin resistance was detected using cefoxitin (30 μg) and oxacillin (1 μg) antibiotic discs. Different concentrations of honey (25–100% v/v) were tested against each type of clinical isolates obtained from wound infection. A preliminary sensitivity test was done to all types of honey by using disk diffusion while minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined for the most potent honey by the broth dilution technique. All statistical analysis was performed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Results In this study, 36 bacterial isolates were recovered from 50 specimens, showing an isolation rate of 72%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus (15, 41.7%). Among identified Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistance accounts for 10 isolates (27.8%). All isolates showed a high frequency of resistance to tetracycline. Four collected honey varieties exhibited antibacterial activity, while the strongest inhibitory activity was demonstrated by honey-2 at 75% v/v. The mean MIC and MBC of honey-2 ranged from 9.38 to 37.5% v/v. Conclusions Tested honey has both a bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. Among the tested honey, “honey-2” had high antibacterial potency than others.
Perturbation of Copper Homeostasis Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Elevated Temperature

Temporary elevation of tumor temperature, also known as hyperthermia, is a safe and well-tolerated treatment modality. The efficacy of hyperthermia can be improved by efficient thermosensitizers, and various candidate drugs, including inhibitors of the heat stress response, have been explored in vitro and in animal models, but clinically relevant thermosensitizers are lacking. Here, we employ unbiased in silico approaches to uncover new mechanisms and compounds that could be leveraged to increase the thermosensitivity of cancer cells. We then focus on elesclomol, a well-performing compound, which amplifies cell killing by hyperthermia by 5- to 20-fold in cell lines and outperforms clinically applied chemotherapy when combined with hyperthermia in vitro. Surprisingly, our findings suggest that the thermosensitizing effects of elesclomol are independent of its previously reported modes of action but depend on copper shuttling. Importantly, we show that, like elesclomol, multiple other copper shuttlers can thermosensitize, suggesting that disturbing copper homeostasis could be a general strategy for improving the efficacy of hyperthermia.
OSMAC Method to Assess Impact of Culture Parameters on Metabolomic Diversity and Biological Activity of Marine-Derived Actinobacteria

Actinobacteria are known for their production of bioactive specialized metabolites, but they are still under-exploited. This study uses the “One Strain Many Compounds” (OSMAC) method to explore the potential of three preselected marine-derived actinobacteria: Salinispora arenicola (SH-78) and two Micromonospora sp. strains (SH-82 and SH-57). Various parameters, including the duration of the culture and the nature of the growth medium, were modified to assess their impact on the production of specialized metabolites. This approach involved a characterization based on chemical analysis completed with the construction of molecular networks and biological testing to evaluate cytotoxic and antiplasmodial activities. The results indicated that the influence of culture parameters depended on the studied species and also varied in relation with the microbial metabolites targeted. However, common favorable parameters could be observed for all strains such as an increase in the duration of the culture or the use of the A1 medium. For Micromonospora sp. SH-82, the solid A1 medium culture over 21 days favored a greater chemical diversity. A rise in the antiplasmodial activity was observed with this culture duration, with a IC50 twice as low as for the 14-day culture. Micromonospora sp. SH-57 produced more diverse natural products in liquid culture, with approximately 54% of nodes from the molecular network specifically linked to the type of culture support. Enhanced biological activities were also observed with specific sets of parameters. Finally, for Salinispora arenicola SH-78, liquid culture allowed a greater diversity of metabolites, but intensity variations were specifically observed for some metabolites under other conditions. Notably, compounds related to staurosporine were more abundant in solid culture. Consequently, in the range of the chosen parameters, optimal conditions to enhance metabolic diversity and biological activities in these three marine-derived actinobacteria were identified, paving the way for future isolation works.