Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unemployment fluctuations and Job Polarization: Evidence from France and the US in the Great Recession

We compute worker flows between employment in abstract, routine and manual tasks as well as unemployment and non-participation using French and US survey data between 2003 and 2016. Entries and exits from routine employment generate 57% of unemployment variance in France and 46% in the US. Job losses have been concentrated on routine occupations, the collapse in the routine job finding rate is still the main driver of the unemployment ramp-up in the Great Recession. We then explore how job polarization affects labor market dualism. In France, losses in routine jobs consist more particularly in massive losses of routine standard jobs, while in the recovery, workers find on average more frequently non standard (NWS) rather than standard jobs in routine occupations. The pattern is quite different in the US: while many routine jobs have been lost during the crisis, in the recovery, the job seekers who found a routine job are more likely to find a standard job. Our variance decomposition exercises echoes this result: job finding of routine NSW account for approximately 21% of French unemployment variance. In contrast, in the US, the contribution of routine standard work alone explains 20% of changes in US unemployment. ∗Corresponding Author: Thepthida Sopraseuth. We thank Pedro Gomes and Etienne Lalé for helpful comments as well as seminar participants to T2M conference (Paris, 2018). Financial support from the Institut Universitaire de France and INEX Paris Seine is gratefully acknowledged. Errors are our own. †University of Cergy-Ponthoise (Thema). olivier.charlot@u-cergy.fr ‡University of La Réunion (Cemoi). idriss.fontaine@univ-reunion.fr §University of Cergy-Ponthoise (Thema). Thepthida.Sopraseuth@u-cergy.fr.
Effect of a teaching intervention on motivation, enjoyment, and importance given to Physical Education

This study sought to analyze how creating a task-oriented motivational climate through intervention affects various motivational variables, enjoyment, and the importance people attribute to physical education. A sample of sixth-grade elementary school students was used. Ages ranged from 11 to 12 years-old (M = 11.53, SD = .50). Groups were divided into an experimental group (n = 20), where a task-oriented climate was transmitted, and a control group (n = 20) that received no manipulation. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted on the data collected at the pretest. To detect intra-group differences between pre and posttest measures, a t-test for related samples was conducted in each group. Results revealed that the experimental group improved significantly more than the control group in social responsibility and social relationship goals, and scored higher on approach-mastery goals, basic psychological needs, intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, and importance attributed to physical education. They also exhibited lower external regulation and amotivation. The control group, conversely, had significantly lower intrinsic motivation posttest than the experimental group. We discuss the importance of transmitting a task-oriented motivational climate in physical education to accomplish positive motivational effects that favor enjoyment and interest in physical education.
Brood parasitic cuckoos and their hosts in Jahangirnagar University campus

Brood parasitic cuckoos lay their eggs in a host’s nest and thereafter rely completely on their hosts to do their parental care for them. We studied the interactions between four different species of parasitic cuckoos and their three respective hosts in Bangladesh: The Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus parasitised the Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus, The Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus, the Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach, and the Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius, and Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus, the Jungle Babbler Turdoides striata. The breeding seasons of the Black Drongo, and Long-tailed Shrike, started in late March and ended in July, which coincided with those of the Indian Cuckoo (late April–early June), and Asian Koel (March–July), respectively. The Jungle Babbler started breeding in late February, continuing up to June. Competition between its two brood parasites appeared minimal because of their non-overlapping breeding seasons: March–May for the Common Hawk Cuckoo, and June–July for the Pied Cuckoo. The eggs of the Indian Cuckoo, Common Hawk Cuckoo, and Pied Cuckoo show excellent egg mimicry, but the Asian Koel’s eggs are highly non-mimetic. The nest’s height above ground was an important predictor of brood parasitism in Long-tailed Shrike with an increased risk of brood parasitism in low nests. All the host species suffered the costs of brood parasitism, showing reduced breeding success. 64 Indian BIRDS Vol. 12 No. 2 & 3 (Publ. 12 october 2016)
Critical Thinking, Creativity and Gender Differences for Knowledge Generation in Education

This paper aims to discover the relationship between critical thinking and creativity and empirically measure the level of their development among youngsters for knowledge generation and dissemination in education. Authors attempted to explore the relationships between critical thinking and creativity from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The research background was constructed by relevant literature review on creative potential, critical abilities, as well as relationships between them and their role in learning processes along with knowledge acquisition and management. In order to empirically investigate the relationships between the variables, the authors performed a survey, gathered the data (findings) and conducted statistical analysis with using SPSS software. This research as preliminary study concentrates to explore the quality of the relations between the variables among young generation (220 participants: 86 female, 134 male). The primary findings show that existing relationships between all studied constructs are complex and influenced by other variables such as personality, social environment, educational system, technology usage and knowledge generation, teacher’s philosophy etc. It was discovered that gender has a significant impact on critical thinking skills and creativity. Therefore it ensures of knowledge creation and sharing in modern educational era.
Democracy and Intensity of Preferences: A Test of Storable Votes and Quadratic Voting on Four California Propositions

Can direct democracy overcome the “problem of intensity,” treating everyone equally and yet allowing an intense minority to prevail if, but only if, the majority’s preferences are weak? Storable votes and quadratic voting propose possible solutions. We test their performance in two samples of California residents, using data on four initiatives prepared for the 2016 California ballot. To estimate the probable effects of the two systems, we bootstrap the original samples and generate two sets of 10,000 multielection simulations. Both systems induce minority victories in 30%–35% of the samples and yet result in higher expected welfare relative to majority voting, appropriating between one-third and two-thirds of the remaining surplus.
NOVEL ROLE OF 6-N-PENTYL-6H-PYRAN-2-ONE PRODUCED BY Trichoderma harzianum IN HYDROPONIC SYSTEM

Secondary metabolites play a pivotal role in the antagonistic activities of some biocontrol species of Trichoderma sp. T. harzianum used previously as biological control agent against different pathogens. In this work, the effect of F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli on the major secondary metabolites secreted by biocontrol strain of T. harzianum in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) cultures were investigated and quantified; followed by investigating the effect of the previous microorganisms on T. harzianumsecondary metabolites secreted in Gladiolus grandiflorus corms tissues under controlled conditions. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Liquid chromatography Mass spectroscopy (LC/MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques were used in this study to determine the major secondary metabolites. This is the first report recording the isolation, characterization and quantification of 6-n-pentyl-6H-pyran-2-one (6PP) and harzianic acid (HA) from the treated corms with T. harzianum. The secreted amounts from both metabolites were increased in the pre treated corms with T. harzianum followed by infection with F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli. Results provided better understandings of the interaction mechanism between T. harzianum, F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli which could be used in the future in different gene expression studies and will help in using them as bio fertilizers in biocontrol field.
THE ANTECEDENTS TO PERFORMANCE OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOUR: A STUDY

The main objective of the current study is to examine the antecedents of the performance and creative behaviour. Performance is a component, which is used for evaluation of behaviour. It means that performance of behaviour can be positive or negative It has been postulated in this research that a relation between work motivation and autonomy exists when there is high job involvement of employees. This hypothesis has not been supported by the study findings. It can be because of two different constructs in theoretical terms i.e. autonomy and job involvement. There is no similarity in the two constructs theoretically. However, the items of measuring the constructs have been defined to have the similar meaning. For instance, the items for autonomy measurement involve the information about work autonomy and freedom to make decision. PLS structural equation modelling has been used in the study, which does not require normal distributive data. This study employed PLS Structural Equation Modelling that does not require data with normal distribution. The response rate of the study is 63 percent. The findings of the study have provided support to the study. When employees have high job involvement, the rule of supportive leaders can be undermined. The level of motivation for a person who has greater job involvement can make efforts for problem solving and working through intellectual way. In this research, the researchers have been taken as respondents. It was assumed that the respondents possess specific qualities related to individuals, who have creative minds.
Positioning Libraries for a New Bibliographic Universe A Review of Cataloging and Classification Literature 2011 – 12

This paper surveys the English-language literature on cataloging and classification published during 2011 and 2012, covering both theory and application. A major theme of the literature centered on Resource Description and Access (RDA), as the period covered in this review includes the conclusion of the RDA test, revisions to RDA, and the implementation decision. Explorations in the theory and practical applications of the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), upon which RDA is organized, are also heavily represented. Library involvement with linked data through the creation of prototypes and vocabularies are explored further during the period. Other areas covered in the review include: classification, controlled vocabularies and name authority, evaluation and history of cataloging, special formats cataloging, cataloging and discovery services, non-AACR2/RDA metadata, cataloging workflows, and the education and careers of catalogers.
Martina Pejznochová The study of mitochondrial biogenesis during fetal development

3 Identifikační záznam: PEJZNOCHOVÁ Martina. Studium mitochondriální biogeneze v průběhu fetálního vývoje. [The study of mitochondrial biogenesis during fetal development]. Praha, 2010. 76 stran, 4 přílohy. Disertační práce. Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta, Klinika dětského a dorostového lékařství. Prof. MUDr. Jiří Zeman, DrSc.
Optimal Tax and Benefit Policies with Multiple Observables

We study the optimum for tax problems with multidimensional tax bases and multidimensional heterogeneity of agents. We use the Euler-Lagrange formalism to show how the optimal tax function balances efficiency versus equity considerations. The equity considerations are captured in a localized distributional characteristic, a generalization of the distributional characteristic first introduced by Feldstein (1972a,b). We apply these findings to the optimal joint taxation of couples, and to the optimal mixed taxation of capital and labour income. We show robustness for pooling, bunching and restrictions to the tax base.
Campaign spending on local elections: the more the merrier?∗

We propose a probabilistic voting model to discuss how campaign spending affects electoral outcomes. In our model, private donations are restricted and campaigning is funded by a statutory allowance provided by the central government and by party contributions. Campaign spending increases exposure and thus the popularity of the candidates. We show that, when the variance of voter ideology is high, candidates that are ex-ante more popular or candidates with lower restrictions in the access to party contributions spend more in campaigning and win with a higher probability. To provide empirical support for our analysis, we compile a novel dataset about campaign spending covering all candidates (12 parties, independent candidates and coalitions) in 306 municipalities for 3 elections (2005, 2009 and 2013). Our identification strategy relies on the rules that define the statutory allowance provided by the central government to fund campaigning expenditures. Our results show that although the spending of the winner (often the incumbent) is not significant, campaign spending accounts for 8pp of the vote share of the runner-up in the election. We also show that spending of the two biggest parties in Portugal accounts for 6 to 9pp of their vote share. JEL classification: D72, H0, K16, P16.
Interpretation of main effects in the presence of non-significant interaction effects

Moderated regression models include an interaction, or product term, and can be used to assess whether the relationship between a given independent variable (IV) and a dependent variable (DV) depends on a third moderator variable (MV). If the moderation effect is significant, researchers recommend either ignoring main effects completely, or carefully interpreting them as conditional effects. However, when the moderation effect is not significant, this implies that the typical interpretation of main effects as average effects is appropriate. The present study challenges this claim since lack of significance may be due to lack of power rather than to no true population effect. To explore this idea, a simulation study is conducted and analytic illustration provided. Results indicate that when a true moderation effect exists, it may not be detected, implying the potential for misleading interpretation of main effects. To guard against this, applied researchers are encouraged to conduct power analyses prior to a moderation study; to mean-center predictors; to consider exploring themain-effects-only model by omitting the interaction effect; and to consider information criteria approaches to testing effects.
Reducing Drug Prices without Depressing Innovation

Prices of biopharmaceuticals in the United States exceed the prices of the same drugs negotiated by foreign governments, which, in turn, exceed their marginal costs of production. We present a model that accounts for these stylized facts and use it to predict the consequences of three policies proposed to reduce domestic drug prices: (1) facilitating drug imports from Canada and Western Europe; (2) requiring that Medicare pay the same prices for drugs as foreign governments; and (3) reducing the profit of downstream channel players (wholesalers, insurance companies, pharmacy benefit managers, and pharmacies) by promoting competition downstream. If not offset, all but the last of these price-reducing policies would eventually depress drug innovation. We conclude by discussing the least expensive way of restoring innovation while maintaining lower domestic prices. Although the model described here is conceptual and its results qualitative, it is the centerpiece of a calibrated simulation model (code to be made available on request) that can be used to quantify the effects of the alternative policies. We will describe the simulation model in a companion paper. ∗We are indebted to Yuan Chen, Yichuan Wang, Haozhu Wang, and Mingyuan Zhang for their invaluable research assistance and to Anna Lauren Schmidt for her comments on an earlier draft. We gratefully acknowledge financial support of the Michigan Institute of Teaching and Research in Economics (MITRE).
Trends of computerised tomography findings of traumatic head injury patients in a Ghanaian tertiary healthcare centre

Tel: +233200876050 Traumatic head injury (THI) is of great public health importance as it account for over 40% of morbidities presenting at various hospitals annually. This study evaluated the patterns of head CT findings of 53 head trauma patients that visited the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) from 2016 to 2018. A retrospective approach was adopted for the study. Tables and graphical descriptors were used to summarise the extracted data using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The results revealed that 21 (39.62%) and 26 (49.06%) of patients sustained intracranial and extra-cranial injuries respectively. Unspecified source and RTA contributed 60.36% and 33.97% of the sources of trauma respectively. Fractures (92.31%) and sinusitis (76.91%) were the major leading extraaxial lesion whereas brain contusions (33.32%) and intra-cranial haematomas (52.36%) were the most predominant intra-axial lesions. The sex outcome was 41 (77.36%) males and 12 (22.64%) females. Occurrence of trauma and THI were frequent in the age groups 21‐40 years and ≤10 years than any other age categories. In conclusion, greater percent of the assessed patients with THI were males, young persons and ≤10years of age. Both intra and extra-cranial injuries were observed in our study sample except that normal findings were more common.
Biodecolorizationof Azo Dye by Microbial Isolates from Textile Effluent and Sludge

The dye decolourizing isolates, Pseudomonas sp, Klebsiella sp and Proteus sp were isolated from the textile effluent samples and Shiegella sp, Morganella sp and Klebsiella sp were isolated from sludge collected from AmanishahNala, Sanganer, Jaipur. Different parameters such as various carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature and pH were optimized for decolourization of Light Red Dye by using bacterial isolates. The present study confirms the ability of all textile effluent isolates for decolourization of light red dye showing 80% decolourization whereas sludge isolates showed 40% decolourization under optimum conditions. Among all the isolates, Proteus sp from textile effluent and Klebsiella sp from sludge were found to be most efficient in dye decolourization. All parameters studied in this paper were found to be effective for all isolates. The selected bacterium shows higher decolourization in shaking condition as compared to static condition. The optimum pH obtained for decolourization of Light Red dye by all bacterial strains was 8.0-8.5. Although, good decolourization efficiency even in alkaline region was observed. The optimum temperature was found to be 55 0 C. Enhanced decolourization was observed in presence of glucose as a carbon source and yeast extract & urea as a nitrogen source. The results reported here warrant further investigation to establish the usefulness of these isolates for bioremediation and biodegradation application such as waste water treatment. High decolourization extent and facile conditions show the potential for this bacterial strain to be used in the biological treatment of dyeing mill effluents.
Substance Use Treatment Accessibility for Pregnant and Postpartum Women

This study aimed to (1) characterize substance use treatment preferences, barriers, and attitudes in an under-represented sample of pregnant and postpartum women; (2) examine associations between barriers and help-seeking preferences, treatment attitudes, treatment engagement, substance use, and well-being; and (3) examine moderating effects of culture. Participants were 27 women, most of whom were treatment-experienced, of ethnic minority status, and from lower-income households. Results indicated flexibility in treatment preferences, and positive attitudes about treatment despite an extensive number of barriers. Participants indicated greater interference from stigma, relative to instrumental barriers. Qualitative responses revealed unique barriers experienced by this sample, and offspring well-being was most frequently mentioned as a factor motivating treatment engagement. Aim 2 associations were not demonstrated. However, limiting analyses to an ethnic minority subsample revealed unique associations of acculturation and enculturation with each other and family-related treatment barriers. Conclusions include implications for intervention and future research with this population.
Dynamic High-Content Imaging Reveals Surface Exposure of Virulent Leishmania Amastigotes in Infected Macrophages Undergoing Pyroptosis

Leishmania spp are obligate intracellular parasites that infect vertebrate phagocytes, notably macrophages. We previously reported that Leishmania amazonensis (L. am) subvert the host cell pro-inflammatory response by dampening the macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome. No information is available on how Leishmania infection affects inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis, known to limit microbial infection. Here, we provide first evidence that L. amazonensis-infected macrophages can undergo pyroptosis when subjected to pro-inflammatory stimuli. We analyzed the dynamics of the pyroptotic process and the fate of intracellular amastigotes at the single cell level using spinning disk confocal microscopy and high-content, real-time imaging. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were infected with L. am amastigotes isolated from footpad lesions and sequentially treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for canonical NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation. Real-time monitoring was performed for 240 min post ATP addition. Longitudinal analyses revealed distinct phases of the pyroptotic process, including rapid decay of the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) as monitored by the pH-sensitive lysotracker fluid phase marker, progressive decrease in macrophage viability as monitored by accumulation of the nuclear dye YO-PRO-1, followed by translocation of the luminal PV membrane to the cell surface observed for 40% of macrophages, resulting in the extracellular exposure of amastigotes that remained anchored to the PV membrane. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed a highly polarized orientation of parasites with exclusive exposure of the anterior pole toward the extracellular milieu, and an attachment site forming a potential biological junction between the parasite posterior pole and the PV membrane. We showed that the exposed parasites are resistant to the cytolytic host cell activities linked to pyroptosis and retain their full infectious potential in reinfection experiments using naïve macrophages. Together these data uncover a novel Leishmania immune subversion strategy that may allow stealthy parasite dissemination via the uptake of pyroptotic host debris by uninfected phagocytes.