Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online trait

Threat-related information strongly competes for attentional selection, and can subsequently be more strongly represented within visual working memory. This is particularly the case for individuals reporting high trait anxious personality. The present study examined the role of anxiety in both attention and memory-related interactions with threat. We employed a hybrid working memory / visual search task, with participants pre-selected for low and high anxious personality traits. They selected and memorized an emotional face (angry or happy) appearing together with a neutral face in encode displays. Following a delay period, they matched the identity of the memorized face to a probe display item. Event-related markers of attentional selection (N2pc components) and memory maintenance during the delay period (i.e., CDA) were measured. Selection biases towards angry faces were observed within both encode and probe displays, evidenced by earlier and larger N2pcs. A similar threat-related bias was also found during working memory maintenance, with larger CDA components when angry faces were stored. High anxious individuals showed large selection biases for angry faces at encoding. For low anxious individuals, this bias was smaller but still significant. In contrast, only high anxious individuals showed larger CDA components for angry faces. These results suggest that threat biases in attentional selection is modulated by trait anxiety, and that threat biases within working memory may only be present for high anxious individuals. These findings highlight the key role of individual differences in trait anxiety on threat-related biases in visual processing, especially at the level of working memory maintenance. low and high trait individuals show rapid attentional selection biases towards as and larger N2pc to in analogous threat bias also during visual working memory retention, but only for high anxious individuals. results suggest a dissociable role of individual differences in trait anxiety on threat biases in visual attention and visual working memory. They also highlight the importance of systematic investigations into impact of anxiety on working memory processes, which may provide valuable insight into the formation and maintenance of sustained attentional biases to
Background-independent quantization and the uncertainty principle

It is shown that polymer quantization leads to a modified uncertainty principle similar to that motivated by string theory and non-commutative geometry. When applied to quantum field theory on general background spacetimes, corrections to the uncertainty principle acquire a metric dependence. For Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology this translates to a scale factor dependence which gives a large effect in the early Universe.
ELECTRON ACCELERATION BY CASCADING RECONNECTION IN THE SOLAR CORONA. I. MAGNETIC GRADIENT AND CURVATURE DRIFT EFFECTS

We investigate the electron acceleration by magnetic gradient and curvature drift effects in cascading magnetic reconnection of a coronal current sheet via a test particle method in the framework of the guiding center approximation. After several Alfvén transit times, most of the electrons injected at the current sheet are still trapped in the magnetic islands. A small fraction of the injected electrons precipitate into the chromosphere. The acceleration of trapped electrons is dominated by the magnetic curvature drifts, which change the parallel momentum of the electron, and appears to be more efficient than the acceleration of precipitating electrons, which is dominated by the perpendicular momentum change caused by the magnetic gradient drifts. With the resulting trapped energetic electron distribution, the corresponding hard X-ray (HXR) radiation spectra are calculated using an optically thin Bremsstrahlung model. Trapped electrons may explain flare loop top HXR emission as well as the observed bright spots along current sheets trailing coronal mass ejections. The asymmetry of precipitating electrons with respect to the polarity inversion line may contribute to the observed asymmetry of footpoint emission.
The γ-ray brightest days of the blazar 3C 454.3

In the first week of 2009 December, the blazar 3C 454.3 became the brightest high-energy source in the sky. Its photon flux reached and surpassed the level of 10 −5 ph cm −2 s −1 above 100 MeV. The Swift satellite observed the source several times during the period of high γ -ray flux, and we can construct really simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SEDs) before, during and after the luminosity peak. Our main findings are (i) the optical, X-ray and γ -ray fluxes correlate; (ii) the γ -ray flux varies quadratically (or even more) with the optical flux; (iii) a simple one-zone synchrotron inverse Compton model can account for all the considered SED; (iv) in this framework the γ -ray versus optical flux correlation can be explained if the magnetic field is slightly fainter when the overall jet luminosity is stronger and (v) the power that the jet spent to produce the peak γ -ray luminosity is of the same order, or larger, than the accretion disc luminosity.
Weyl superconductors

We study the physics of the superconducting variant of Weyl semimetals, which may be realized in multilayer structures comprising topological insulators and superconductors. We show how superconductivity can split each Weyl node into two. The resulting Bogoliubov Weyl nodes can be pairwise independently controlled, allowing to access a set of phases characterized by different numbers of bulk Bogoliubov Weyl nodes and chiral Majorana surface modes. We analyze the physics of vortices in such systems, which trap zero energy Majorana modes only under certain conditions. We finally comment on possible experimental probes, thereby also exploiting the similarities between Weyl superconductors and 2-dimensional p + ip superconductors.
Planes of satellite galaxies and the cosmic web

Recent observational studies have demonstrated that the majority of satellite galaxies tend to orbit their hosts on highly flattened, vast, possibly corotating planes. Two nearly parallel planes of satellites have been confirmed around the M31 galaxy and around the Centaurus A galaxy, while the Milky Way also sports a plane of satellites. It has been argued that such an alignmentofsatellitesonvastplanesisunexpectedinthestandardcolddarkmatter(� CDM) model of cosmology if not even in contradiction to its generic predictions. Guided byCDM numerical simulations, which suggest that satellites are channelled towards hosts along the axis of the slowest collapse as dictated by the ambient velocity shear tensor, we re-examine the planes of local satellites systems within the framework of the local shear tensor derived from the Cosmicflows-2 data set. The analysis reveals that the Local Group and Centaurus A reside in a filament stretched by the Virgo cluster and compressed by the expansion of the Local Void. Four out of five thin planes of satellite galaxies are indeed closely aligned with the axis of compression induced by the Local Void. Being the less massive system, the moderate misalignment of the Milky Way's satellite plane can likely be ascribed to its greater susceptibilitytotidaltorques,assuggestedbynumericalsimulations.Thealignmentofsatellite systems in the local Universe with the ambient shear field is thus in general agreement with predictions of theCDM model.
Supersymmetry in the double-heavy hadronic spectrum

Relativistic light-front bound-state equations for double-heavy mesons, baryons and tetraquarks are constructed in the framework of supersymmetric light front holographic QCD. Although heavy quark masses strongly break conformal symmetry, supersymmetry and the holographic embedding of semiclassical light-front dynamics still holds. The theory, derived from five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space, predicts that the form of the confining potential in the light-front Hamiltonian is harmonic even for heavy quarks. Therefore, the basic underlying supersymmetric mechanism, which transforms meson-baryon and baryon-tetraquark wave functions into each other, can also be applied to the double-heavy sector; one can then successfully relate the masses of the double-heavy mesons to double-heavy baryons and tetraquarks. The dependence of the confining potential on the hadron mass scale agrees completely with the one derived in heavy light systems from heavy quark symmetry. We also make predictions for higher excitations of the charmonium and bottomonium states. In particular, the remarkable equality of the Regge slopes in the orbital angular momentum, $L$, and the principal quantum number, $n$, is predicted to remain valid.
An Image-based Tapered Gridded Estimator (ITGE) for the angular power spectrum

We present the Image-based Tapered Gridded Estimator (ITGE) to measure the angular power spectrum $(C_{\ell})$ of the sky signal directly from the visibilities measured in radio-interferometric observations. The ITGE allows us to modulate the sky response through a window function which is implemented in the image plane, and it is possible to choose a wide variety of window functions. In the context of the cosmological HI 21-cm signal, this is useful for masking out the sky signal from specific directions which have strong residual foregrounds. In the context of the ISM in external galaxies, this is useful to separately estimate the $C_{\ell}$ of different parts of the galaxy. The ITGE deals with gridded data, hence it is computationally efficient. It also calculates the noise bias internally and exactly subtracts this out to give an unbiased estimate of $C_{\ell}$. We validate the ITGE using realistic VLA simulations at $1.4 {\rm GHz}$. We have applied the ITGE to estimate the $C_{\ell}$ of HI 21-cm emission from different regions of the galaxy NGC 628. We find that the slope of the measured $C_{\ell}$ in the outer region is significantly different as compared with the inner region. This indicates that the statistical properties of ISM turbulence possibly differ in different regions of the galaxy.
Effective field theory models for nonviolent information transfer from black holes

Transfer of quantum information from the interior of a black hole to its atmosphere is described, in models based on effective field theory. This description illustrates that such transfer need not be violent to the semiclassical geometry or to infalling observers, and in particular can avoid producing a singular horizon or "firewall. " One can specifically quantify the rate of information transfer, and show that a rate necessary to unitarize black hole evaporation produces a relatively mild modification to the stress tensor near the horizon. In an exterior description of the transfer, the new interactions responsible for it are approximated by "effective sources" acting on fields in the black hole atmosphere. If the necessary interactions couple to general modes in the black hole atmosphere, one also finds a straightforward mechanism for information transfer rates to increase when a black hole is mined, avoiding paradoxical behavior. Correspondence limits are discussed, in the presence of such new interactions, for both small black holes and large ones; the near-horizon description of the latter is approximately that of Rindler space.
Synergistic combination therapy delivered via layer‐by‐layer nanoparticles induces solid tumor regression of ovarian cancer

Abstract The majority of patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) develop recurrent disease and chemotherapy resistance. To identify drug combinations that would be effective in treatment of chemotherapy resistant disease, we examined the efficacy of drug combinations that target the three antiapoptotic proteins most commonly expressed in HGSOC—BCL2, BCL‐XL, and MCL1. Co‐inhibition of BCL2 and BCL‐XL (ABT‐263) with inhibition of MCL1 (S63845) induces potent synergistic cytotoxicity in multiple HGSOC models. Since this drug combination is predicted to be toxic to patients due to the known clinical morbidities of each drug, we developed layer‐by‐layer nanoparticles (LbL NPs) that co‐encapsulate these inhibitors in order to target HGSOC tumor cells and reduce systemic toxicities. We show that the LbL NPs can be designed to have high association with specific ovarian tumor cell types targeted in these studies, thus enabling a more selective uptake when delivered via intraperitoneal injection. Treatment with these LbL NPs displayed better potency than free drugs in vitro and resulted in near‐complete elimination of solid tumor metastases of ovarian cancer xenografts. Thus, these results support the exploration of LbL NPs as a strategy to deliver potent drug combinations to recurrent HGSOC. While these findings are described for co‐encapsulation of a BCL2/XL and a MCL1 inhibitor, the modular nature of LbL assembly provides flexibility in the range of therapies that can be incorporated, making LbL NPs an adaptable vehicle for delivery of additional combinations of pathway inhibitors and other oncology drugs.
Predictions for 5.023 TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC

H. Niemi, K. J. Eskola, R. Paatelainen, K. Tuominen Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain and Deparment of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Eccentric Black Hole Mergers Forming in Globular Clusters

We derive the probability for a newly formed binary black hole (BBH) to undergo an eccentric gravitational wave (GW) merger during binary-single interactions inside a stellar cluster. By integrating over the hardening interactions such a BBH must undergo before ejection, we find that the observable rate of BBH mergers with eccentricity $>0.1$ at $10\ \rm{Hz}$ relative to the rate of circular mergers can be as high as $\sim 5\%$ for a typical globular cluster (GC). This further suggests that BBH mergers forming through GW captures in binary-single interactions, eccentric or not, are likely to constitute $\sim 10\%$ of the total BBH merger rate from GCs. Such GW capture mergers can only be probed with an $N$-body code that includes General Relativistic corrections, which explains why several recent cluster studies report an eccentric merger rate that is $\sim 100$ times too low. Finally, we show that the relative rate of eccentric BBH mergers depends on the compactness of their host cluster, suggesting that an observed eccentricity distribution can be used to probe the origin of BBH mergers.
Seed (true seed plus endocarp) dormancy in Anacardiaceae in relation to infrafamilial taxonomy and endocarp anatomy

Abstract Information in the literature and unpublished results of the authors on Dobinea were used to determine the kind [class(es)] of seed (true seed + endocarp) dormancy and of non-dormancy of genera in all five tribes of Anacardiaceae, and the results were examined in relation to the taxonomic position and endocarp anatomy within the family. Reports of both seed germination and endocarp anatomy were found for 15 genera in tribe Spondiadeae, 6 in tribe Anacardieae, 30 in tribe Rhoeae, 3 in tribe Semecarpeae and 1 in tribe Dobineeae. In Spondiadeae (Spondias-type endocarp), Anacardieae, Semecarpeae and Dobineeae (Anacardium-type endocarp), seeds are either non-dormant (ND) or have physiological dormancy (PD). In Rhoeae (Anacardium-type Rhoeae Groups A, B, C and D endocarps), on the other hand, seeds are ND or have physical dormancy (PY), PD or PY + PD. PY/PY + PD in this tribe seems to be restricted (or nearly so) to Rhus s.s. and closely related genera (e.g. Cotinus, Malosma and Toxicodendron) with an Anacardium-type Rhoeae Group A endocarp. However, seeds of other genera (e.g. Astronium and Schinus) with this type of endocarp and those with Rhoeae Group B (e.g. Pistacia), Group C (e.g. Pentaspadon) and Group D (e.g. Heeria) endocarps are either ND or have PD. The fossil fruit record strongly suggests that present-day relationships between diaspore dormancy (or non-dormancy), endocarp structure and taxonomic position within Anacardiaceae extend back to at least the Palaeogene.
A late-time view of the progenitors of five Type IIP supernovae

The acquisition of late-time imaging is an important step in the analysis of pre-explosion observations of the progenitors of supernovae. We present late-time HST ACS WFC observations of the sites of five Type IIP SNe: 1999ev, 2003gd, 2004A, 2005cs and 2006my. Observations were conducted using the F435W, F555W and F814W filters. We confirm the progenitor identifications for SNe 2003gd, 2004A and 2005cs, through their disappearance. We find that a source previously excluded as being the progenitor of SN 2006my has now disappeared. The late-time observations of the site of SN 1999ev cast significant doubt over the nature of the source previously identified as the progenitor in pre-explosion WFPC2 images. The use of image subtraction techniques yields improved precision over photometry conducted on just the pre-explosion images alone. In particular, we note the increased depth of detection limits derived on pre-explosion frames in conjunction with late-time images. We use SED fitting techniques to explore the effect of different reddening components towards the progenitors. For SNe 2003gd and 2005cs, the pre-explosion observations are sufficiently constraining that only limited amounts of dust (either interstellar or circumstellar) are permitted. Assuming only a Galactic reddening law, we determine the initial masses for the progenitors of SNe 2003gd, 2004A, 2005cs and 2006my of 8.4+/-2.0, 12.0+/-2.1, 9.5(+3.4,-2.2) and 9.8+/-1.7Msun, respectively.
Medical and Dental Professionals Readiness for Artificial Intelligence for Saudi Arabia Vision 2030

Healthcare Artificial Intelligence (AI) readiness is defined as adequate knowledge, attitudes, and skills such that health professionals are prepared for AI use in prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to assess readiness levels for AI among medical and dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study of 334 medical and dental students and practitioners in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected with a self-administered online questionnaire using the Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale (MAIRS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests using SPSS software. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Participants’ MAIRS responses ranged from a mean (m) of 2.26 and a standard deviation (SD) of 1.17 to m = 2.76 and SD = 1.7 out of 5, indicating low levels of AI readiness. Dental professionals had significantly (p < 0.05) better readiness on 21 (of 22) MAIRS items. Only one item was significantly (p<0.05) associated with gender or qualifications. Participants had low readiness levels for AI, although dental professionals had significantly better scores. It is recommended that AI material and hands-on training be provided during undergraduate and postgraduate education for Saudi Arabian medical and dental professionals.
Enhanced sputtering and incorporation of Mn in implanted GaAs and ZnO nanowires

We simulated and experimentally investigated the sputter yield of ZnO and GaAs nanowires, which were implanted with energetic Mn ions at room temperature. The resulting thinning of the nanowires and the dopant concentration with increasing Mn ion fluency were measured by accurate scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nano-x-Ray Fluorescence (nanoXRF) quantification, respectively. We observed a clearly enhanced sputter yield for the irradiated nanowires compared to bulk, which is also corroborated by iradina simulations. These show a maximum if the ion range matches the nanowire diameter. As a consequence of the erosion thinning of the nanowire, the incorporation of the Mn dopants is also enhanced and increases non-linearly with increasing ion fluency.
MMT/AO 5 μm IMAGING CONSTRAINTS ON THE EXISTENCE OF GIANT PLANETS ORBITING FOMALHAUT AT ∼13–40 AU

A candidate ≲3 MJup extrasolar planet was recently imaged by Kalas et al. using Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys and Keck II at 12. ″7 (96 AU) separation from the nearby (d = 7.7 pc) young (∼200 Myr) A2V star Fomalhaut. Here, we report results from M-band (4.8 μm) imaging of Fomalhaut on 2006 December 5 using the Clio IR imager on the 6.5 m MMT with the adaptive secondary mirror. Our images are sensitive to giant planets at orbital radii comparable to the outer solar system (∼10–40 AU). Comparing our 5σ M-band photometric limits to theoretical evolutionary tracks for substellar objects, our results rule out the existence of planets with masses >2 MJup from ∼13 to 40 AU and objects >13 MJup from ∼8 to 40 AU.
Origin of the High-energy Neutrino Flux at IceCube

We discuss the spectrum of the different components in the astrophysical neutrino flux reaching the Earth, and the possible contribution of each component to the high-energy IceCube data. We show that the diffuse flux from cosmic ray (CR) interactions with gas in our galaxy implies just two events among the 54-event sample. We argue that the neutrino flux from CR interactions in the intergalactic (intracluster) space depends critically on the transport parameter δ describing the energy dependence in the diffusion coefficient of galactic CRs. Our analysis motivates a neutrino spectrum with a drop at PeV energies that fits the data well, including the non-observation of the Glashow resonance at 6.3 PeV. We also show that a CR flux described by an unbroken power law may produce a neutrino flux with interesting spectral features (bumps and breaks) related to changes in the CR composition.
Simulation of Cosmic Ray propagation in the Galactic Centre Ridge in Accordance with Observed VHE gamma-ray Emission

Diffuse VHE gamma radiation from the Galactic Centre ridge observed by the H.E. S.S. telescope has been convincingly linked with the propagation of recently accelerated cosmic rays that interact with molecular hydrogen clouds during their diffusion. Through a series of time-dependent simulations of that diffusion for different propagation parameters we have obtained the most probable values of the diffusion coefficient for the Galactic Centre region. Assuming that the diffusion coefficient is of the form kappa(E) = kappa_0*(E/E_0)^delta, then for different optimal combinations of kappa_0 and delta its value is obtained for cosmic rays originating from a central point (possibly Sgr A East) 10 kyr ago.
Slice regular semigroups

In this paper we introduce the notion of slice regular right linear semigroup in a quaternionic Banach space. It is an operatorial function which is slice regular (a noncommutative counterpart of analyticity) and which satisfies a noncommutative semigroup law characterizing the exponential function in an infinite dimensional noncommutative setting. We prove that a right linear operator semigroup in a quaternionic Banach space is slice regular if and only if its generator is spherical sectorial. This result provides a connection between the slice regularity and the noncommutative semigroups theory, and characterizes those semigroups which can be represented by a noncommutative Cauchy integral formula. All our results are generalized to Banach two-sided modules having as a set of scalar any real associative *-algebra, Clifford R_n algebras included.