Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rhythmic Breath Holding and Its Effect on Arterial Blood Pressure and Its Correlation With Blood Gases

A single episode of breath-holding (BH) is known to elevate the blood pressure, and regular breathing exercise lowers the blood pressure. This prompted us to investigate how a series of BH epochs would affect the cardiovascular system. To observe arterial blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate (HR) changes associated with a series of “BH epochs” following maximum inspiration and maximum expiration and find the underlying mechanisms for the change by autonomic activity. Thirty-five healthy young adults were instructed to hold their breath repetitively, for 5 minutes, in two patterns, one following maximum inspiration and other following maximum expiration. ABP and ECG (for Heart Rate Variability) were continuously recorded at rest and during both the maneuvers. Capillary blood gases (BG) were zanalyzed at baseline and at the breakpoint of the last epoch of BH. ABP rose significantly at the breakpoint during both the maneuvers. No change in HR was observed. There was significant fall in PO2 from 94.7 (4.1) mmHg at baseline to 79.1 (9.0) mmHg during inspiratory and 76.90 (12.1) mmHg during expiratory BH. Similarly, SPO2 decreased from 96.3 (1.9) % at baseline to 95.4 (1.5) % and 94.5 (2.7) % during inspiratory and expiratory BH, respectively. Rise in PCO2 from 39.5(3.1) mmHg at baseline to 42.9 (2.7) mmHg and 42.1 (2.8) mmHg during inspiratory and expiratory BH respectively was observed. There was no significant correlation between blood gases and arterial blood pressure. Among HRV parameters, a significant decrease in SDNN, RMSSD, HFnu, total power and SD1/SD2 and the significant increase in LFnu, LF/HF and SD2 were observed during both BH patterns. Rhythmic BH patterns affect the cardiovascular system in similar way as a single episode of BH. Sympathetic overactivity could be the postulated mechanism for the same. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Acta Med Iran 2019;57(8):492-498.
Expanding on the Meanings of Empathy in the Classroom: Seeing Through a Cultural Lens.

This paper explores the factors that may influence the social and relational development of empathy in a Year 13 classroom from a kaupapa Maˉori perspective, and discusses how these factors compare with a Western perspective of empathy. Understandings of empathy are widely documented in the conventional literature and, while the realities pertaining to empathy have been part of the fabric of Te Ao Maˉori (the Maˉori World), there has not been satisfactory levels of understanding by Western social scientists. It is proposed in this study that viewing empathy, through a bicultural lens, may provide relevant and meaningful understandings of empathy for both partners to the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi. This study explores the heuristic understandings of how the research participants experienced culturally-sensitive understandings of empathy within their face-to-face classroom interactions. The understandings of 14 students and their teacher were analysed through the Maˉori concepts of manaakitanga, kotahitanga, rangatiratanga, whanaungatanga and puˉmanawatanga; constructs that underpin Macfarlane’s (2004) Educultural Wheel. Adopting a qualitative case study methodology, the participants engaged in an iterative dialogical research strategy based on Gadamer’s hermeneutics (1975, 2001). This iterative research strategy enabled the students and their teacher to co-construct their developing understandings with the researcher, over time. Data collection occurred over a six-month period and comprised: 14 initial one-on-one interviews with students and the teacher; one student focus-group interview, and individual respondent-validation interviews with, respectively, 12 students and one teacher. Classroom participant observations, students’ written diaries and researcher field notes enriched the interview data. Factors identified by the research participants affecting the development of empathy from kaupapa Maˉori perspectives are presented, and the relation to Western perspectives are discussed. The findings indicate the importance of social engagements that are founded on an ethic-of-care (manaakitanga) and are duly focused on taking an interest in the individual. The findings of the study may be helpful in informing the development of more equitable and culturally-responsive educational practices (Castagno & Brayboy, 2008).
Wildfire as an ecological factor in the forests of Central Europe

5 Abstrakt . 6 Introduction . 7 Aim of the thesis . 13 Main results . 13 Conclusions . 16 References . 18 Chapter 1 . 22 Chapter 2 . 41 Chapter 3 . 64 Authorship contribution . 91
Infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of the Isolates from Dhaka Medical College Hospital

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common gram-negative microorganisms identified in the clinical specimens of hospital admitted patients. This was a retrospective study done among the patients attending Dhaka Medical College Hospital during January to December, 2006. A total 294 strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated of which 206 (70%) were from admitted patients and 88 (30%) from outpatients. Some 175 (60%) of the isolates were from males while 119 (40%) from females. Majority of the patients (141, 41.2%) were aged between 21-40 years and 102 (34.7%) were below 20 years. A significant proportion (about 45%) of the patients were from casualty wards, surgical outdoor, ear-nose-throat outdoor and burn unit. Four of the clinical specimens including wound swab, pus, aural swab and urine comprised of 279 (95%) of the total samples. The bacteria isolated were identified by colony morphology, microscopy and relevant biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was tested using standard guidelines. Almost all of the P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to cefixime (93.3%) and co-trimoxazole (93.5%), majority were resistant to ceftazidime (86.8%), gentamycin (77.3%) and ciprofloxacin (75.5%). The result of the study shows that imipenem is the most effective drug against P. aeruginosa, followed by amikacin and ciprofloxacin. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 48-51
Does Product Type Affect Electronic Word-of-Mouth Richness Effectiveness? Influences of Message Valence and Consumer Knowledge

Drawing on the information richness theory, this study attempts to address how valence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), product type and consumer knowledge will yield different levels of eWOM richness. The results based on an experimental study suggest that negative eWOM has a stronger effect in producing eWOM information richness than does positive eWOM, and such effect is more pronounced for a leisure farm tour (experience goods) than for digital camera (search goods). The tendency that negative eWOM will provide richer information for the leisure farm tour is more evident for high-knowledge consumers than for low-knowledge consumers. The study’s results caution against the aggravated harm of negative eWOM incurred from the dissatisfactory experience of a leisure farm tour.
On the effects of bilateral investment treaties on foreign domestic investment: why not all directions?

Bilateral investment treaties (BITs afterward) have become a popular tool among policymakers with the purpose of promoting and protecting foreign investment. Formally, BITs establish terms and conditions for private investment from one country (or a country group) into another. Specifically, they regulate issues such as admission and establishment of investment, fair and equitable treatment according to international law, expropriation, and the settlement of disputes at the bilateral level. Setting the rules of the game before investments are undertaken, ensure a more transparent and stable investment environment that diminishes risks for investors. Ultimately, these regulations should lead to greater foreign direct investment (FDI afterward) among the treaty members.
Channel stability prediction to optimize signaling overhead in 5G networks using machine learning

Channel quality feedback is crucial for the operation of 4G and 5G radio networks, as it allows to control User Equipment (UE) connectivity, transmission scheduling, and the modulation and rate of the data transmitted over the wireless link. However, when such feedback is frequent and the number of UEs in a cell is large, the channel may be overloaded by signaling messages, resulting in lower throughput and data loss. optimizing this signaling process thus represents a key challenge. In this paper, we focus on Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) reports that are periodically sent from a UE to the base station, and propose mechanisms to optimize the reporting process with the aim of reducing signaling overhead and avoiding the associated channel overloads, particularly when channel conditions are stable. To this end, we apply machine learning mechanisms to predict channel stability, which can be used to decide if the CQI of a UE is necessary to be reported, and in turn to control the reporting frequency. We study two machine learning models for this purpose, namely Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Neural Networks (NN). Simulation results show that both provide a high prediction accuracy, with NN consistently outperforming SVM in our settings, especially as CQI reporting frequency reduces.
On statistical Calderón problems

For D a bounded domain in R, d ≥ 2, with smooth boundary ∂D, the non-linear inverse problem of recovering the unknown conductivity γ determining solutions u = uγ,f of the partial differential equation ∇ ·(γ∇u) = 0 in D, u = f on ∂D, from noisy observations Y of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map f 7→ Λγ(f) = γ ∂uγ,f ∂ν ∣
Silo or Market: Internal Labor Markets in Multidivisional Firms PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE

Large corporations are increasingly concerned with assigning their top performers to the most productive positions. In particular, they try to facilitate mobility not only within divisional job ladders (silos) but across divisions as well. We argue that middle managers play a key role in how internal labor markets operate: they are responsible for mentoring people, and want to hold on to their best performers and get rid of the weakest ones. We develop a model of a rm with two divisions in which managers invest in training their workers, who then may be eligible for promotion to manager of a di¤erent division. We show that even in the absence of information problems, a market with cross-divisional transfers leads to a more e¢ cient allocation of employees but comes at the cost of weaker incentives for managers to train their workers. This negative incentive e¤ect is worse when in addition, managers have private information about their workersability, and wage contracts must be designed to induce managers to communicate truthfully about their workers. Depending on the parameters, either a silosolution or a marketcan be optimal for the rm. We embed our rm model within a model of oligopolistic product market competition, and show that greater product market competition helps explain why the trend for rms to establish cross-divisional internal labor markets is a relatively recent phenomenon. Keywords: internal labor markets, organizational structure, intra- im mobility, careers, training JEL-codes: D2, D8, L2, M5
Evaluation of Direct Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Tissue Specimens Using XPERT MTB/RIF Assay

1 Junior Resident, department of Microbiology Guru Gobind Singh Medical College & Hospital Faridkot, Punjab, India 2 Assistant Professor, department of Microbiology Guru Gobind Singh Medical College & Hospital Faridkot, Punjab, India 3 Professor and H.O. D. department of Microbiology Guru Gobind Singh Medical College & Hospital Faridkot, Punjab, India 4 Professor and H.O. D. department of Pathology Guru Gobind Singh Medical College & Hospital Faridkot, Punjab, India
Determinants of Management Ownership of Unrestricted Equity: Overconfidence versus Tax Explanations

We document frequent and large selling of equity by CEOs. Such selling is designed not simply to offset the current year grant of options and stock. We find that the tax burden associated with the sale and (various measures of CEO) overconfidence both decrease CEOs’ propensity to sell their vested equity. However, the effect of taxes on a CEO’s decision to sell equity is far more pronounced than overconfidence. We also find that taxable institutional investors and CEOs both respond to taxes, although the CEOs appear to be less tax-sensitive. Other determinants affect the selling decisions largely as predicted in the existing literature.
www.ssoar.info Sore Losers? A Reexamination of the Frustration- Aggression Hypothesis for Colocated Video Game Play

Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine Weiterverbreitung keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Terms of use: This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Redistribution no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, nontransferable, individual and limited right to using this document. This document is solely intended for your personal, noncommercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use.
www.ssoar.info Aggression and Preference for First-Person Shooter and Action Games: Data From a Large- Scale Survey of German Gamers Aged 14 and Above

Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine Weiterverbreitung keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Terms of use: This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Redistribution no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, nontransferable, individual and limited right to using this document. This document is solely intended for your personal, noncommercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use.
Evaluation of Surface Roughness, Hardness, and Gloss of Composites After Three Different Finishing and Polishing Techniques: An In Vitro Study

Introduction The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three different polishing systems on the microhardness, surface roughness, and gloss of resin composites. Materials and Methods The materials evaluated were 3M™ ESPE™ Filtek™ Z-350 XT (3M™, St. Paul, MN, USA), Grandio (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany), 3M™ ESPE™ Filtek™ Z250 (3M™, St. Paul, MN, USA), Shofu-Beautifil Flow (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan), and RestoFill HV N-FLO (Anabond Stedman, Chennai, India). A total of 450 samples were fabricated. Three finishing and polishing systems: PoGo® (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Sof-Lex Spiral, and Sof-Lex Pop-On (3M™, St Paul, MN, USA) were evaluated. Hardness, roughness, and gloss were evaluated after finishing and polishing. The surface roughness was measured with a surface profilometer, microhardness was measured with the Struers Duramin-5 microhardness tester (Struers A/S, Ballerup, Denmark) and gloss was measured using a gloss meter. The measurement values were analysed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilks test, and two-way ANOVA. Results The Sof-Lex Spiral group exhibited higher mean microhardness (p < 0.001), less surface roughness (p < 0.001), and higher gloss (p < 0.001). Filtek Z-250 exhibited higher mean microhardness (p < 0.001) than Grandio (p < 0.001) and Shofu Beautifil Flow (p < 0.001), and Filtek Z-350 XT exhibited more microhardness than Shofu Beautifil Flow (p < 0.001). Filtek Z-350 XT exhibited lower mean surface roughness than Filtek Z-250 (p < 0.05). Filtek Z-250 polished with Sof-Lex Spiral proved to have higher gloss (34.89 gloss units (GU)) than Grandio and RestoFill HV N-FLO (p < 0.05). Conclusions Hardest, smoothest, and glossiest surfaces were obtained with the Sof-Lex Spiral finishing/polishing system. The mean microhardness of Filtek Z-250 and Filtek Z-350 XT was found to be higher than other composites used in this study. Filtek Z-350 showed a lower mean surface roughness and Filtek Z-250 exhibited a higher mean gloss.
Productivity impact of growth enhancement support scheme on maize farm households in Kano State, Nigeria

In Nigeria, farmers depend on government support for farm inputs in form of subsidies in order to improve their livelihoods. In this article, the productivity impact of the Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GESS) input subsidy support program implemented was examined in 2011. The study employs a two-stage probability design to collect household survey data from 390 households in Kano State. As an analytical approach, the study employed a propensity score matching and a Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) regression estimator that corrects for selectivity and endogeneity problems respectively while Hedges “g” was used to estimate the effect size of GESS . Maize yield and total factor productivity index were used as indicators to estimate the productivity impact of GESS program. The result from two-stage least square estimator showed that GESS subsidy increased the yield of participants by 32.3% and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) while the result of total factor productivity index, showed that the participants were more productive) and had an average of 14.1% net gain from the cost incurred in production in the 2016 farming season. The size of the estimated treatment effect suggests an improvement in the productivity outcomes of participants. The study found that the results of the study are consistent with similar findings and therefore validate the hypothesis that the GESS subsidy programme improved the productivity of beneficiary households. The scheme obviously has enormous potentials and is also very promising for agricultural input procurement and distribution to resource-poor households in Nigeria. In addition, there is a need for capacity building of the farmers by local extension agents in the form of integrated crop management practices in order to sustain productivity gains. This study concludes that input use alone is not enough to increase maize production, improvement in input use efficiency through integrated crop management practices are also needed. Key words: Agricultural input subsidy, mobile phone, productivity outcomes, farming households.
Observed Canopy Turbulence Response to Atmospheric Stability

2 Accepted for publication in Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. DOI 10.1175/JTECH-D-19-0135.1. A recently proposed multi-sensor stationarity analysis technique (MSATv1) is improved to eliminate the initial interrogation of time-averaged wind directions, a redundant and potentially biasing procedure for a technique capable of detecting changes in mean wind directions. The new technique, MSATv2, satisfies two basic expectations that are not guaranteed in MSATv1: 1) a nonstationary event should not belong to any stationary interval identified with a given stringency, and 2) nonstationary events identified with an arbitrary stringency should continue to be identified as nonstationary with increasing stringency. These expectations are confirmed by applying MSATv2 to two long periods, during the defoliated phase of the Canopy Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (CHATS), whose durations are determined solely by data availability. MSATv2 successfully determines visually trivial and nontrivial nonstationary transitions, uncovering details of the time-evolution of dynamic processes. MSATv2 yields ensemble average estimates of mean wind speeds and directions with well controlled and quantifiable uncertainties for atmospheric stability conditions ranging from near neutral to free convection. These results enable interrogation of the observed canopy turbulence response to atmospheric stability in isolation from contamination by spatial variation with position relative to canopy elements. MSATv2 results also reveal the connection between the presence of organized convective structures and variability in mean shear, showing the role of organized convective structures in the observed relationship between bulk drag coefficient and atmospheric instability. 10