Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A simplified view of blazars: the γ-ray case

We have recently proposed a new simplified scenario where blazars are classified as flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) or BL Lacs according to the prescriptions of unified schemes, and to a varying combination of Doppler boosted radiation from the jet, emission from the accretion disk, the broad line region, and light from the host galaxy. Here we extend our approach, previously applied to radio and X-ray surveys, to the gamma-ray band and, through detailed Monte Carlo simulations, compare our predictions to Fermi-LAT survey data. Our simulations are in remarkable agreement with the overall observational results, including the percentages of BL Lacs and FSRQs, the fraction of redshift-less objects, and the redshift, synchrotron peak, and gamma-ray spectral index distributions. The strength and large scatter of the oft-debated observed Gamma-ray -- radio flux density correlation is also reproduced. In addition, we predict that almost 3/4 of Fermi-LAT BL Lacs, and basically all of those without redshift determination, are actually FSRQs with their emission lines swamped by the non-thermal continuum and as such should be considered. Finally, several of the currently unassociated high Galactic latitude Fermi sources are expected to be radio-faint blazars displaying a pure elliptical galaxy optical spectrum.
Small Target Detection Based on Noncoherent Radial Velocity Spectrum of High-Resolution Sea Clutter

This article proposes a multiscan joint noncoherent detection method of small targets in high-resolution sea clutter with spatial–temporally structural textures induced by large-scale swells and waves, which is composed of intrascan noncoherent integration at each spatial resolution cell followed by interscan integration on a radial velocity template. The main contributions of the article are as follows. First, a concept of noncoherent radial velocity spectrum (NCRVS) is proposed to model the nonhomogeneity of multiscan integration of sea clutter with structural textures. In the NCRVS, the noncoherent intrascan integration and the interscan integration by passing the retrospective filter bank are fully combined. Second, the NCRVS of sea clutter has different statistics at individual radial velocity bins and the lognormal distributions are used to fit their statistics and an outlier-robust analytical bipercentile estimator is constructed for parameter estimation. Third, based on the lognormal-distributed NCRVS model, a double-channel multiscan joint detector (DC-MJD) is proposed, where the intrascan noncoherent integration channel is used to find floating or low radial velocity targets and the whitening plus intrascan noncoherent integration channel is used to find target with high radial velocity. Simulated data and measured X-band radar data are used to verify the DC-MJD detector. In comparison with the existing three multiscan detectors, the DC-MJD detector improves the detection probability by 96% in the measured data with a test target.
Fat-to-Muscle Ratio Is Independently Associated with Hyperuricemia and a Reduced Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Chinese Adults: The China National Health Survey

Background: The effects of the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) on hyperuricemia and a reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are still unclear. Methods: Data from the China National Health Survey were used to explore the associations of the FMR with hyperuricemia and reduced eGFR. The fat mass and muscle mass were measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the mediated effect of hyperuricemia on the association between the FMR and reduced eGFR. Results: A total of 31171 participants were included. For hyperuricemia, compared with the Q1 of the FMR, the ORs (95% CI) of Q2, Q3 and Q4 were 1.60 (1.32–1.95), 2.31 (1.91–2.80) and 2.71 (2.15–3.43) in men and 1.91 (1.56–2.34), 2.67 (2.12–3.36) and 4.47 (3.40–5.89) in women. For the reduced eGFR, the ORs (95% CI) of Q2, Q3 and Q4 of the FMR were 1.48 (1.18–1.87), 1.38 (1.05–1.82) and 1.45 (1.04–2.04) in men aged 40–59, but no positive association was found in younger men or in women. Hyperuricemia mediated the association between the FMR and reduced eGFR in men. The OR (95% CI) of the indirect effect was 1.08 (1.05–1.10), accounting for 35.11% of the total effect. Conclusions: The FMR was associated with hyperuricemia and reduced eGFR, and the associations varied based on sex and age. The effect of the FMR on the reduced eGFR was significantly mediated by hyperuricemia in men.
Tramadol as local anesthetic drug for maxillary sinuses trephination in equine species

This project was designed to study the incidence, onset, duration and potency of tramadol, in donkeys can be evaluated as local anesthetic drug by infiltration in maxillary sinus for trephination. In this study, five adult donkeys of both sexes of local breed were used for induce trephination of maxillary sinus that was given 2% xylazine hydrochloride intravenously followed by local infiltration of 5% tramadol with aseptic technique. Parameters were used for evaluation, physical and clinical examination which includes: degree of chewing, degree of pain during palpation, measuring of anesthetic time, secretion of lacrimal gland was measured after induction of anesthetic drug locally. The results demonstrated that there are no any significant changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal body temperature . While the anesthetic parameters showed no any significant changes about pain during palpation and absent of chewing movement with secretion of lacrimal gland was seen. Increase in anesthesia duration time from 30-45 minute and with the potency and recovery was excellent after surgical operation.
Multidimensional Screening and Menu Design in Health Insurance Markets

The researchers study a general screening model that encompasses a health insurance market in which consumers have multiple dimensions of private information and a pricesetting insurer (e.g., a monopolist or a social planner) offers vertically differentiated contracts. They combine theory and empirics to provide three novel results: (i) optimal menus satisfy intuitive conditions that generalize the literature on multidimensional screening and shed light on insurer incentives; (ii) the insurer's problem with an unlimited number of contracts is well-approximated with only a small set of contracts; and (iii) under an additional assumption, the problem becomes dramatically simpler and can be solved using familiar graphical analysis. Calibrated numerical simulations validate assumptions, quantify the differential incentives of a monopolist and a social planner, and evaluate common policy interventions in a monopoly market. The authors are grateful to Zack Cooper, Stuart Craig, Michael Dickstein, Eilidh Geddes, Ben Handel, Kate Ho, Amanda Kowalski, Tim Layton, Neale Mahoney, Alessandro Pavan, Mike Powell, Mark Shepard, Ashley Swanson, and seminar participants at Northwestern, the Utah Winter Business Economics Conference, Stanford, UCLA, Paris School of Economics, Michigan State, and University of Nevada-Reno for their helpful comments.
Comprehensive Lichenometabolomic Exploration of Ramalina conduplicans Vain Using UPLC-Q-ToF-MS/MS: An Identification of Free Radical Scavenging and Anti-Hyperglycemic Constituents

In this study, we propose ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS/MS)-guided metabolite isolation as a choice analytical approach to the ongoing structure–activity investigations of chemical isolates from the edible lichen, Ramalina conduplicans Vain. This strategy led to the isolation and identification of a new depside (5) along with 13 known compounds (1–4, 6–14), most of which being newly described in this lichen species. The structures of the isolates were established by detailed analysis of their spectral data (IR, NMR, and Mass). The acetone extract was further analyzed by UPLC-Q-ToF-MS/MS in a negative ionization mode, which facilitated the identification and confirmation of 18 compounds based on their fragmentation patterns. The antioxidant capacities of the lichen acetone extract (AE) and isolates were measured by tracking DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities. Most isolates displayed marked radical scavenging activities against ABTS while moderate activities were observed against DPPH radical scavenging. Except for atranol (14), oxidative DNA damage was limited by all the tested compounds, with a marked protection for the novel isolated compound (5), as previously noted for the acetone extract (p < 0.001). Furthermore, compound (4) and acetone extract (AE) have inhibited intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme significantly (p < 0.01). Although some phytochemical studies were already performed on this lichen, this study provided new insights into the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds, illustrating interest in future novel analytical techniques.
Socioeconomic conditions and academic performance in higher education in Colombia during the pandemic

Abstract This article studies the relationship between the socioeconomic conditions of higher education students in Colombia and their academic performance during the pandemic. The household’s socioeconomic conditions are approximated by the education level of the parents, their occupation and the possession of assets. A multiple regression model tests the effect of these variables on academic performance before and during the pandemic. Results suggest that before the pandemic, the mother’s graduate education and household technology assets showed a positive impact on test score. Mixed effects of parents’ occupations by gender were also found. During the pandemic, the effect of the mother’s education remained the same, and the effect of technological assets, in-person education and high-quality accredited establishment increased.
A4 flavor symmetry model for Dirac neutrinos and sizable Ue3

Models based on flavor symmetries are the most often studied approaches to explain the unexpected structure of lepton mixing. In many flavor symmetry groups a product of two triplet representations contains a symmetric and an anti-symmetric term. If this product of two triplets corresponds to a Majorana mass term, then the anti-symmetric part vanishes, and in economic models tri-bimaximal mixing is achieved. If neutrinos are Dirac particles, the anti-symmetric part is however present and leads to deviations from tri-bimaximal mixing, in particular non-zero U(e3). Thus, the non-vanishing value of U(e3) and the nature of the neutrino are connected. We illustrate this with a model based on A(4) within the framework of a neutrinophilic 2 Higgs doublet scenario.
Association between E-Cigarette Advertising Exposure and Use of E-Cigarettes among a Cohort of U.S. Youth and Young Adults

Youth and young adult (YYA) use of e-cigarettes increased rapidly between 2010 and 2019 in the United States, during which exposure to e-cigarette advertising was also increased. We aimed to examine whether exposure to e-cigarette advertising among YYAs may lead to subsequent e-cigarette use. A cohort of 3886 YYAs ages 13–24 was recruited from two survey panels in 2018 and followed up until 2019. Survey data were collected online and by telephone. The primary outcome was past 30-day use of e-cigarettes at the follow-up survey. Among 2304 YYAs who retained at the follow-up survey and were not past 30-day e-cigarette users at baseline, both youth and young adults exposed to e-cigarette advertising at baseline had elevated odds of past 30-day e-cigarette use at follow-up (Youth adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.77, 95% CI: 1.23, 6.24; Young adults aOR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.11) compared with those not reporting baseline advertising exposure. The majority of YYAs reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising at baseline (Youth: 63.7%, 95% CI: 59.8, 67.4; Young adults: 58.3%, 95% CI: 53.6, 62.8). Our findings suggest that exposure to e-cigarette advertising was associated with an increase in subsequent past 30-day use of e-cigarettes among YYAs. Restricting advertising targeted at YYAs may reduce the likelihood of e-cigarette use among YYAs.
Ultrahigh energy neutrino scattering: an update

We update our estimates of charged and neutral current neutrino total cross sections on isoscalar nucleons at ultrahigh energies using a global (x, Q 2 ) fit, motivated by the Froissart bound [1], to the F2 (electron-proton) structure function utilizing the most recent analysis [2] of the complete ZEUS and H1 data sets from HERA I. Using the large Q 2 , small Bjorken-x limits of the “wee” parton model, we connect the ultrahigh energy neutrino cross sections directly to the large Q 2 , small x extrapolation of our new fit, which we assume saturates the Froissart bound [1]. We compare both to our previous work [3], which utilized only the smaller ZEUS [4] data set, as well as to recent results [5] of a calculation using the ZEUS-S based global perturbative QCD parton distributions using the combined HERA I results as input. Our new results substantiate our previous conclusions [3], again predicting significantly smaller cross sections than those predicted by extrapolating pQCD calculations to neutrino energies above 10 9 GeV.
The ionized X-ray outflowing torus in ESO 323−G77: low-ionization clumps confined by homogeneous warm absorbers

We report on the long- and short-term X-ray spectral analysis of the polar-scattered Seyfert 1.2 galaxy ESO 323-G77, observed in three epochs between 2006 and 2013 with Chandra and XMM-Newton. Four high-resolution Chandra observations give us a unique opportunity to study the properties of the absorbers in detail, as well as their short time-scale (days) variability. From the rich set of absorption features seen in the Chandra data, we identify two warm absorbers with column densities and ionisations that are consistent with being constant on both short and long time-scales, suggesting that those are the signature of a rather homogeneous and extended outflow. A third absorber, ionised to a lesser degree, is also present and it replaces the strictly neutral absorber that is ubiquitously inferred from the X-ray analysis of obscured Compton-thin sources. This colder absorber appears to vary in column density on long time-scales, suggesting a non-homogeneous absorber. Moreover, its ionisation responds to the nuclear luminosity variations on time-scales as short as a few days, indicating that the absorber is in photoionisation equilibrium with the nuclear source on these time-scales. All components are consistent with being co-spatial and located between the inner and outer edges of the so-called dusty, clumpy torus. Assuming co-spatiality, the three phases also share the same pressure, suggesting that the warm / hot phases confine the colder, most likely clumpy, medium. We discuss further the properties of the outflow in comparison with the lower resolution XMM-Newton data.
Reservoir Computing-Based Design of ZnO Memristor-Type Digital Identification Circuits

Reservoir Computing (RC) is a network architecture inspired by biological neural systems that maps time-dimensional input features to a high-dimensional space for computation. The key to hardware implementation of the RC system is whether sufficient reservoir states can be generated. In this paper, a laboratory-prepared zinc oxide (ZnO) memristor is reported and modeled. The device is found to have nonlinear dynamic responses and characteristics of simulating neurosynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Based on this, a novel two-level RC structure based on the ZnO memristor is proposed. Novel synaptic encoding is used to maintain stress activity based on the characteristics of after-discharge and proneness to fatigue during synaptic transmission. This greatly alleviates the limitations of the self-attenuating characteristic reservoir of the duration and interval of the input signal. This makes the reservoir, in combination with a fully connected neural network, an ideal system for time series classification. The experimental results show that the recognition rate for the complete MNIST dataset is 95.08% when 35 neurons are present as hidden layers while achieving low training consumption.
Depressive Pseudodementia with Reversible AD-like Brain Hypometabolism: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Recent European guidelines recommend using brain FDG-PET to differentiate between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and depressive pseudodementia (DP), with specific hypometabolism patterns across the former group, and typically normal or frontal hypometabolism in the latter. We report the case of a 74 years-old man with DP (MMSE 16/30), whose FDG-PET visual rating and semiquantitative analysis closely mimicked the typical AD pattern, showing severe hypometabolism in bilateral precuneus, parietal and temporal lobes, and sparing frontal areas, suggesting the diagnosis of moderate AD. Shortly after starting antidepressant polytherapy, he underwent formal NPS testing, which revealed moderate impairment of episodic memory and mild impairment on executive and visuospatial tests, judged consistent with neurodegenerative dementia and concomitant depression. Over the following two years, he improved dramatically: repeated NPS assessment did not show significant deficits, and FDG-PET showed restoration of cerebral metabolism. The confirmation of PET findings via semiquantitative analysis, and their reversion to normality with antidepressant treatment, proved the non-neurodegenerative origin of the initial AD-like FDG-PET abnormalities. We review similar cases and provide a comprehensive analysis of their implications, concluding that reversible FDG-PET widespread hypometabolism might represent a biomarker of pseudodementia. Therefore, we suggest caution when interpreting FDG-PET scans of depressed patients with cognitive impairment.
Bottomonium spectrum at order v^6 from domain-wall lattice QCD: precise results for hyperfine splittings

The bottomonium spectrum is computed in dynamical 2+1 flavor lattice QCD, using nonrelativistic QCD for the b quarks. The main calculations in this work are based on gauge field ensembles generated by the RBC and UKQCD Collaborations with the Iwasaki action for the gluons and a domain-wall action for the sea quarks. Lattice spacing values of approximately 0.08 fm and 0.11 fm are used, and simultaneous chiral extrapolations to the physical pion mass are performed. As a test for gluon-discretization errors, the calculations are repeated on two ensembles generated by the MILC Collaboration with the Luescher-Weisz gauge action. Gluon-discretization errors are also studied in a lattice potential model using perturbation theory for four different gauge actions. The nonperturbative lattice QCD results for the radial and orbital bottomonium energy splittings obtained from the RBC/UKQCD ensembles are found to be in excellent agreement with experiment. To get accurate results for spin splittings, the spin-dependent order-v{sup 6} terms are included in the nonrelativistic QCD action, and suitable ratios are calculated such that most of the unknown radiative corrections cancel. The cancellation of radiative corrections is verified explicitly by repeating the calculations with different values of the couplings in the nonrelativistic QCD action. Usingmore » the lattice ratios of the S-wave hyperfine and the 1P tensor splitting, and the experimental result for the 1P tensor splitting, the 1S hyperfine splitting is found to be 60.3{+-}5.5{sub stat{+-}}5.0{sub syst{+-}}2.1{sub exp} MeV, and the 2S hyperfine splitting is predicted to be 23.5{+-}4.1{sub stat{+-}}2.1{sub syst{+-}}0.8{sub exp} MeV. « less
Update of Short-Baseline Electron Neutrino and Antineutrino Disappearance

We present a complete update of the analysis of electron neutrino and antineutrino disappearance experiments in terms of neutrino oscillations in the framework of 3+1 neutrino mixing, taking into account the Gallium anomaly, the reactor anomaly, solar neutrino data and nu_e-C scattering data. We discuss the implications of a recent 71Ga(3He,3H)71Ge measurement which give information on the neutrino cross section in Gallium experiments. We discuss the solar bound on active-sterile mixing and present our numerical results. We discuss the connection between the results of the fit of neutrino oscillation data and the heavy neutrino mass effects in beta-decay experiments (considering new Mainz data) and neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments (considering the recent EXO results).
Radiative Penguin Decays at $e^+e^-$ Colliders

In this review, the most recent results of the radiative decays B -> X_s gamma, B -> K^{(*)} l^+ l^-$ and B -> pi/eta l^+ l^- at e^+e^- colliders are discussed. The new, most precise CP asymmetry measurements in B -> X_s gamma from BABAR are presented together with branching fractions and photon energy moments. For B -> K^{(*)} l^+ l^- modes, B factory results on partial branching fractions, rate asymmetries and angular observables are combined with measurements from CDF and the LHC experiments. The first branching fraction upper limits for B -> eta l^+ l^- are shown along with updated upper limits of B -> pi l^+ l^- branching fractions.
Metamaterial-Inspired Interaction Structure for MW-Level Klystron at 714 MHz

A metamaterial (MTM)-inspired interaction structure for MW-level klystron at 714 MHz is proposed. The electromagnetic characteristics of MTM-inspired resonant cavities with single-bridge complementary electric split ring resonators (CeSRRs) are studied, and the cold-tested results confirm the feasibility of miniaturizing the resonant cavity. Furthermore, the beam–wave interaction simulation for the interaction structure constructed by MTM-inspired resonant cavities with single-bridge CeSRRs is carried out, demonstrating 2.28 MW of output power at 714 MHz for a 100 kV, 40 A electron beam. The radius and length of the MTM-inspired interaction structure are 1/2 and 2/3 of the conventional counterparts, respectively. The promising performance makes it attractive for future applications such as linacs.
Spacing of the entropy spectrum for KS Black hole in Horava-Lifshitz gravity

In this paper we present the spectrum of entropy/area for Kehagias–Sfetsos (KS) black hole in Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity via quasinormal modes (QNM) approach. We show that in the massive case, the mass parameter μ disappears in the entropy spectrum and the quasinormal modes are modified by a term proportional to the mass square term. Our calculations show that the charge-like parameter appears in the surface gravity and our calculations can be applied to any spherically symmetric spacetime which has only one physically acceptable horizon. Our main difference between our calculations and what was done in Ref. 1 is that we explicitly calculated the portion of charge and mass on the surface gravity and consequently in the QNM expression. Since the imaginary part of the QNM is related to the adiabatic invariance of the system and also to the entropy, surprisingly the mass parameter does not appear in the entropy spectrum. Our conclusion supported by some acclaims about the scalar field parameters (charges) cannot change the fundamental parameters in the four-dimensional black holes.