Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A three‐dimensional, multispecies, comprehensive MHD model of the solar wind interaction with the planet Venus

[1] We present our newly developed numerical model of the solar wind interaction with the planet Venus. The model solves three-dimensional, 10-ion-species magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations using a total variation diminishing monotonic upstream scheme for conservation laws, which is implemented on an unstructured grid system. These equations describe the dynamics of both the solar wind and the planetary ionosphere. An excellent performance of the model is verified by comparing our numerical results with the existing numerical and observational data. In particular, profiles of the magnetic field, number densities, velocity, and transterminator flux of ionospheric plasma are shown to reproduce the observational findings. A main goal of this paper is to present the numerical model and its performance for the general dynamics and structures of the solar wind interaction with the ionosphere of Venus.
Integrated detection and analysis of earthquake disaster information using airborne data

The primary goal of this paper is to discuss an integrated approach to efficiently obtaining earthquake damage information. We developed a framework to rapidly obtain earthquake damage information using post-earthquake airborne optical images. The framework is a standard process that includes data selection, preprocessing, damage factor identification, damage factor evaluation and the development of an earthquake damage information map. We can obtain damage information on severely affected regions using this framework, which will aid in planning rescue and rehabilitation efforts following disasters. We used the integrated approach to obtain damage information using the Lushan earthquake (magnitude 7.0, 20 April 2013) as a case study. The result were as follows: (1) 644 collapsed buildings and 4599 damaged buildings accounted for 13.90% and 96.24%, respectively, of the total number of buildings in the study area; (2) 334 landslides (total area of 691,674.5 m2) were detected and were found at greater probabilities at elevations of 1400–1500 m and higher slope; (3) no secondary disasters, such as barrier lakes, were detected; (4) 15 damaged sections (total of 306 m) were detected in the lifelines, and road sections that are at a high risk of damage (total of 2.4 km) were identified; and (5) key structures, including Yuxi River Dam and three bridges, were intact. Integrating the earthquake damage factor information generated a comprehensive Lushan earthquake damage information map. The integrated approach was proven to be effective using the Lushan earthquake as a case study and can be applied to assess earthquake damage to facilitate efficient rescue efforts.
The divided city? : Socio-economic changes in Stockholm Metropolitan area 1970-1994

The aim of this thesis is to analyse migration and socio-economic differentiation in rural and urban spaces: where people move, what the characteristics of migrants are and whether experiences of rural and urban space affect attitudes toward the local living environment and place attachment. The background consists of five themes discussing different aspects of socio-economic differentiation and selective migration, for example polarization and rural gentrification. Integrated in the five themes are summaries of the four papers. The first paper, The divided city? Socio-economic changes in Stockholm metropolitan area, 1970-1994, analyses the income distribution in the Stockholm metropolitan area using residential area statistics regarding income among residents. The results show that polarization and segregation has increased during the study period. The second paper, The attraction of the rural: Characteristics of rural migrants, analyses the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of migrants to the countryside in Sweden using individual register data. The results show that urban areas attract the young, the highly educated and those with high income while rural areas attract older migrants, the self employed and families, but when comparing rural areas, periurban countrysides were more attractive to those with high income and education than more remote areas. The third paper, Rural gentrification as a migration process: Evidence from Sweden, focuses on rural gentrification as a migration process and is based on an analysis of register data. The results show that rural gentrification in the remote countrysides of Sweden is of marginal importance. In the fourth paper, Place attachment and attitudes among young adults in rural/urban spaces, young adults’ (25-40 years of age) attitudes toward the rural/urban qualities of their local living environment and their place attachments are investigated using a survey. The results show that most people appreciate the environment they live in and they are also attached to this place. However, urban residents with a rural background seem less pleased with and are less attached to their present environment. In conclusion, migration selectivity works to reinforce both patterns of segregation and patterns of ageing. There is indication of both demographic and socio-economic polarization between and within rural and urban areas and this polarization is reinforced by selective migration flows. However, the results also indicate that rural areas are attractive living environments to many, particularly the periurban countryside and that there may be a rural migration potential among urban residents with a rural background.
Roles of retrovirus-derived PEG10 and PEG11/RTL1 in mammalian development and evolution and their involvement in human disease

PEG10 and PEG11/RTL1 are paternally expressed, imprinted genes that play essential roles in the current eutherian developmental system and are therefore associated with developmental abnormalities caused by aberrant genomic imprinting. They are also presumed to be retrovirus-derived genes with homology to the sushi-ichi retrotransposon GAG and POL, further expanding our comprehension of mammalian evolution via the domestication (exaptation) of retrovirus-derived acquired genes. In this manuscript, we review the importance of PEG10 and PEG11/RTL1 in genomic imprinting research via their functional roles in development and human disease, including neurodevelopmental disorders of genomic imprinting, Angelman, Kagami-Ogata and Temple syndromes, and the impact of newly inserted DNA on the emergence of newly imprinted regions. We also discuss their possible roles as ancestors of other retrovirus-derived RTL/SIRH genes that likewise play important roles in the current mammalian developmental system, such as in the placenta, brain and innate immune system.
Dissolved and particulate organic carbon fluxes from an agricultural watershed during consecutive tropical storms

Low‐frequency high‐magnitude hydrologic events mobilize a disproportionate amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from watersheds, but few studies measure the role of extreme storms in exporting organic carbon from croplands. We use high‐resolution measurements of storm runoff to quantify DOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes from an agricultural field during consecutive tropical storms that delivered 41 cm of rainfall to the Virginia Coastal Plain. Over a 2 week period, we measured exports of 22 kg DOC ha−1 and 11.3 kg POC ha−1. Ultraviolet absorbance measurements indicate that the aromatic DOC fraction systematically increased as plant‐derived aliphatic carbon was depleted during the initial event. Croplands can have event‐scale carbon losses that equal or exceed published estimates of annual export for perennial streams draining forested and mixed land use watersheds. We quantify aromatic DOC fractions approaching 50%, indicating that agricultural stormflow can produce a significant load of relatively photoreactive carbon.
How Nurses’ Person-Organization Fit Influences Organizational Loyalty

Background High turnover rates among nurses are a global concern due to the shortage of skilled professionals and increasing demand for high-quality healthcare. This study aims to enhance understanding of organizational fit by examining the impact of Person-organization fit (P-O fit) on organizational loyalty through the mediating role of organizational support and service quality, and the moderating impact of role ambiguity. Methods Using a convenience sampling technique, we employed a survey methodology by developing a questionnaire. Data were collected from a sample of 614 nurses in five different healthcare sectors in China. Employing SmartPLS 3.3, we conducted a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis to examine the relationships among the specified variables. Results The findings of the structural analysis suggest that the P-O fit influences organizational loyalty in the healthcare sector. Organizational support and service quality were identified as partial mediators of the P-O fit-organizational loyalty link. Additionally, the role of ambiguity represented a negative moderating impact between service quality and organizational loyalty. Discussion Overall, the study’s findings extend the understanding of person-organization fit, organizational support, service quality, role ambiguity, and organizational loyalty in the context of healthcare sectors and offer implications for medical authorities. Discussions, limitations, practical implications, and suggestions for further research are also provided.
A Robust Gaze Estimation Approach via Exploring Relevant Electrooculogram Features and Optimal Electrodes Placements

Gaze estimation, as a technique that reflects individual attention, can be used for disability assistance and assisting physicians in diagnosing diseases such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Parkinson’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Various techniques have been proposed for gaze estimation and achieved high resolution. Among these approaches, electrooculography (EOG)-based gaze estimation, as an economical and effective method, offers a promising solution for practical applications. Objective: In this paper, we systematically investigated the possible EOG electrode locations which are spatially distributed around the orbital cavity. Afterward, quantities of informative features to characterize physiological information of eye movement from the temporal-spectral domain are extracted from the seven differential channels. Methods and procedures: To select the optimum channels and relevant features, and eliminate irrelevant information, a heuristical search algorithm (i.e., forward stepwise strategy) is applied. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of the impacts of electrode placement and feature contributions on gaze estimation is evaluated via 6 classic models with 18 subjects. Results: Experimental results showed that the promising performance was achieved both in the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) within a wide gaze that ranges from −50° to +50°. The MAE and RMSE can be improved to 2.80° and 3.74° ultimately, while only using 10 features extracted from 2 channels. Compared with the prevailing EOG-based techniques, the performance improvement of MAE and RMSE range from 0.70° to 5.48° and 0.66° to 5.42°, respectively. Conclusion: We proposed a robust EOG-based gaze estimation approach by systematically investigating the optimal channel/feature combination. The experimental results indicated not only the superiority of the proposed approach but also its potential for clinical application. Clinical and translational impact statement: Accurate gaze estimation is a key step for assisting disabilities and accurate diagnosis of various diseases including ASD, Parkinson’s disease, and ADHD. The proposed approach can accurately estimate the points of gaze via EOG signals, and thus has the potential for various related medical applications.
Expansion of Cylindrical Probes in Cohesive Soils

The present study shows that the cylindrical expansion tests can not only solve foundation problems by empirical method but are also a means to study the undrained behavior of cohesive soils. On theoretical grounds, it has been shown that the undrained stress-strain curve of the soil can be derived from the pressure meter curve. New testing techniques have been developed, much more sophisticated than the classical ones. The following information has been obtained on a few cohesive soils: horizontal at rest pressure; undrained stress-strain curve of the undisturbed soil for strains up to 5% and in situ undrained cohesion, which appears higher than those determined by classical methods.
Predicting short term profile response for shingle beaches

Recent years have seen a dramatic improvement in the prediction of inshore wave climates. Whilst this has brought obvious benefits to the design of many types of coastal structure, for beaches it has served only to emphasise the lack of a coherent design methodology. In recognition of this, a comprehensive series of physical model tests has been undertaken in order to examine more closely the behaviour of shingle beaches. The tests were carried out in a random wave flume, at a nominal scale of 1:17, and covered a range of both beach material characteristics (size and grading) and wave conditions. The material used to represent the model beaches was a graded anthracite, scaled to reproduce both the correct beach permeability, and threshold and direction of sediment motion. During the study measurements were taken of beach profiles, wave run-up exceedance levels and wave reflection coefficients. Additional tests, coupled with the analysis of results from previous site specific studies, allowed the model results to be extended to a wider range of conditions, including beaches with depth limited foreshores, and beaches overlying impermeable sloping sea walls. Methods for predicting wave run-up distributions, wave reflection coefficients and beach profile response have been derived. The development of a parametric profile model allows the quantification of shingle beach profile changes due to onshore/offshore sediment transport. Using the model, beach profiles can be predicted, and subsequently located against the initial profile through an area balance routine. The model also permits the derivation of confidence limits on the predicted profile. Where possible all model results have been validated against field data, much of which was collected specifically for the purpose. The results of this validation are encouraging, suggesting that the techniques developed will prove to be valuable tools in the design and management of shingle beaches.
Monitoring fugitive dust emission sources arising from construction: a remote-sensing approach

Construction-related soil disturbance (e.g., road construction, trenching, land stripping, earthmoving, and blasting) is a significant source of fugitive (airborne) dust in the atmosphere. Fugitive dust is a primary cause of decreased air quality and may carry airborne pathogens. We use Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) remote-sensing data spanning 1994 through 2009 over southern Arizona to identify source areas of construction-related activity likely to produce fugitive dust. We correlate temporal changes in the mid-infrared spectral response to dust sources from local construction. Image differencing of the TM band 5 (mid-infrared), with a change threshold of ±5 SD of the mean, suitably estimates the location and area affected by construction-related soil disturbance. Estimated dust-producing surface area ranges from 10.0 (1996–1997) to 28.3 km2 (2004–2005), or 0.16–0.44% of the Pima County study area. Our methods aim to automate monitoring of fugitive dust sources by environmental and health agencies and to provide inputs to dust transport, air quality, and climate models.
Modeling study of nighttime enhancements in F region electron density at low latitudes

In this paper we carry out case‐control simulations to examine the mechanisms of the nighttime anomalous enhancements in electron density in the ionosphere at low latitudes, which were studied earlier in another research. The results confirm the earlier conclusion that the downward E × B plasma drift due to westward electric field at night is the main driving force for the nighttime enhancement. In addition, the phase of the electric field is found important in forming the enhancement. Delayed westward electric field can produce significant postmidnight enhancement as observed at Sanya (geomagnetic latitude: 8.2°N). In addition, the equatorward neutral wind at night is found to modulate the formation of the nighttime enhancement at geomagnetic latitudes below 15°N. The combined effects of the two drivers cause significant equatorward/downward plasma flux, which results in the enhancement of electron density as well as the drop in ionospheric peak height.
GREEN PURCHASING BEHAVIOR: PREFERENCES, ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL VALUES

The Literature Review article on Environmentally Friendly Purchasing Behavior: Preferences, Attitudes and Social Values is a scientific article that aims to build a research hypothesis on the influence between variables that will be used in further research, within the scope of Marketing Management. The method of writing this Literature Review article is the library research method, which is sourced from online media such as Google Scholar, Mendeley and other academic online media. The results of this Literature Review article are that: 1) Preference has an effect on Environmentally Friendly Purchasing Behavior; 2) Attitudes influence Environmentally Friendly Purchasing Behavior; and 3) Social Values have an effect on Environmentally Friendly Purchasing Behavior. Apart from these 3 exogenous variables that affect the endogenous variable Environmentally Friendly Purchasing Behavior, there are still many other factors including Environmental Knowledge, Ecolabelling and Consumer Trust variables.
Description of the Role of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Developing Students' Akhlakul Karimah

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to find out the description of the teacher's role in shaping the akhlakul karimah students at the Junior High School Methodology: The method in this research is a quantitative method. Data analysis is the process of organizing and sorting data into patterns, categories, and basic descriptive units so that hypotheses can be found and formulated as suggested by the data. Main Findings: The results showed that the teacher's role is very important to form students' akhlakul karimah. The importance of having akhlakul karimah for students is to be able to always coexist and be harmonious. By having good morals, of course someone will not dare to do damage. Good morals will be a fortress, will be a shield or protector in every step of life. Novelty/Originality of this study: The teacher's efforts in instilling akhlakul karimah to students through several methods, namely, exemplary, advice, motivation, punishment, habituation, gift giving, and supervision. The teacher supervises student behavior both in the school environment and outside the school environment. So that the role of the teacher is very important in shaping student morality.
Foraminiferal Populations and Faunas in Barrier-Reef Tract and Lagoon, British Honduras

Analysis of foraminiferal faunas in 89 sediment samples from the barrier reef and lagoon of British Honduras showed that the largest living and total foraminiferal populations are on the leeward side of mangrove and coral-sand cays in the reef tract, and in the lagoon near the mouths of rivers. The living Foraminifera were divided into the barrier-reef-tract and lagoon faunas, reflecting the two major environments of the area. The reef-tract fauna was divided further into the main-reef, reef-margin, and reef-channel assemblages. Temperature and salinity measurements of 41 bottom-water samples indicated a decrease in temperature and an increase in salinity from the mainland toward the barrier reef.
Diabetic muscle infarction: A case report

Diabetes muscle infarction (DMI) is a rare complication of diabetes in which patients who present with DMI more commonly have some form of kidney disease in addition to diabetes mellitus. DMI typically presents with muscle pain and swelling. Diagnosis typically requires imaging (MRI with gadolinium contrast is the gold standard) and a variety of laboratory studies may aid in the diagnosis. Treatment of DMI varies depending on the severity of the case. In general patients recover quickly, though there is a risk of recurrence. This particular case report is a 36 year old female who presented with right lower extremity pain and chronic kidney disease. Case reports like this are important to highlight DMI as it is likely to become more common as diabetes continues to become more prevalent.
Effects of flow and fine sediment dynamics on the turnover of stream invertebrate assemblages

Interactions between flow regime, sediment dynamics and benthic invertebrates have seldom been studied in rivers experiencing naturally high suspended sediment loads. This paper examines invertebrate responses to hydrological and sedimentary processes over an annual cycle in a morphologically heterogeneous reach of a river that receives large volumes of fine sediment. Flow regime and sedimentary conditions showed a marked seasonal pattern, with fine sediment accumulating during low flows and after small flood events and not being removed until the large floods that occurred in autumn. The magnitude of sediment accumulation differed between habitats (e.g. being greater in pools than in riffles). The turnover in invertebrate assemblages, measured as beta diversity, was greatest in winter and decreased during summer as deposited fine sediment accumulated across the reach, suggesting that observed patterns of turnover were influenced by seasonal and habitat‐specific rates of sedimentation. Some of the spatial and temporal patterns in invertebrate assemblages were subtle, complex and difficult to interpret, but co‐inertia analysis indicated an overriding influence of low flows and associated sedimentation on their composition. Floods capable of entraining coarser bed material, along with smaller events accompanied by extensive mobilization of fine sediment, also influenced assemblages and resulted in immediate changes to assemblage composition and abundance. Assemblages appeared to exhibit resilience over the timescale of the study, with similar assemblages found at the beginning and at the end of the study period. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MODELING INFILTRATION WITH VARYING HYDRAULIC CONDUCTWITY UNDER SIMULATED RAINFALL CONDITIONS 1

ABSTRACT: Physically‐based models are extensively used to simulate the infiltration process under varied field conditions. Most models are based on the deterministic nature of input parameters related to the flow process (such as hydraulic conductivity). These models yield poor predictions of infiltration rates because they do not include the field‐scale variations of flow parameters. The paper presents an approach for integrating the field‐scale variability of hydraulic conductivity with an infiltration model to simulate infiltration under the rainfall conditions. A model describing the spatial structure of hydraulic conductivity has been developed using stochastic techniques. The stochastic structure of hydraulic conductivity was then incorporated in the Green‐Ampt and Mein‐Larson infiltration model. The model outputs on the instantaneous infiltration rates and cumulative infiltration were evaluated using the field infiltration data measured under simulated rainfall conditions. The results show that the combined model is capable of rep. resenting the instantaneous infiltration rates and cumulative infiltration of the study soils. The model may, therefore, be used to simulate the rainfall infiltration process for spatially‐variable soils under the field conditions.