Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Right versus left breast radiation and coronary artery disease: is there a differential?

Abstract There is literature supporting the view that chest radiation (CR) for the management of primary or metastatic cancer of the mediastinum and chest, including breast cancer is associated with all types of heart disease, including coronary artery disease (CAD), manifesting during long-term follow-up. This review explores the literature about the association of CR for the management of cancer and CAD, particularly focussing on breast cancer, and further on the differential between CR for right versus left breast cancer. The balk of the literature suggests that there is higher incidence of CAD in patients undergoing left versus right-CR for breast cancer, and that cardiologists and oncologists need to become involved systematically in their assessment prior to CR and at subsequent follow-up.
A comfort analysis of AR glasses on physical load during long-term wearing

Abstract The present study investigated the effect of the physical load of augmented reality (AR) glasses on subjective assessments for an extended duration of a video viewing task. Ninety-six subjects were recruited for this test and were divided by spectacle use, sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Four glasses frame weights were assessed. To investigate their effectiveness, a novel prototype adopting three design interventions, (1) adjustable frame width, (2) ergonomic temples, and (3) fixed centre of gravity, was designed with regard to subjective discomfort ratings (nose, ear, and overall). Subjective discomfort in all regions was significantly increased with increasing physical load on the nose. In addition, non-spectacle users, women, older users, and participants in the middle BMI category reported higher discomfort than other groups. This finding could have important implications for the ergonomic design of AR glasses and could help to identify design considerations relevant to the emerging wearable display industry. Practitioner summary: This research aims to explore the influence of the physical load of augmented reality (AR) glasses. It found that discomfort was increased with added nose load. Non-spectacle users, women, older users, and participants in the middle BMI category were more sensitive to discomfort. The results have important implications for glasses-type wearables’ design.
Optical/NIR stellar absorption and emission-line indices from luminous infrared galaxies

We analyze a set of optical-to-near-infrared long-slit nuclear spectra of 16 infrared-luminous spiral galaxies. All of the studied sources present H$_2$ emission, which reflects the star-forming nature of our sample, and they clearly display H I emission lines in the optical. Their continua contain many strong stellar absorption lines, with the most common features due to Ca I, Ca II, Fe I, Na I, Mg I, in addition to prominent absorption bands of TiO, VO, ZrO, CN and CO. We report a homogeneous set of equivalent width (EW) measurements for 45 indices, from optical to NIR species for the 16 star-forming galaxies as well as for 19 early type galaxies where we collected the data from the literature. This selected set of emission and absorption-feature measurements can be used to test predictions of the forthcoming generations of stellar population models. We find correlations among the different absorption features and propose here correlations between optical and NIR indices, as well as among different NIR indices, and compare them with model predictions. While for the optical absorption features the models consistently agree with the observations,the NIR indices are much harder to interpret. For early-type spirals the measurements agree roughly with the models, while for star-forming objects they fail to predict the strengths of these indices.
The Complex Roots of Random Sums

In this paper, we derive explicit formulas for the distribution of the complex roots of random sums of the form $P_n(z) = \sum_{j=0}^{n} \eta_j f_j(z)$, where the $\eta_j$ are iid standard Gaussian random variables and the functions $f_j$ are given analytic functions that are real-valued on the real line. We consider some special cases including Weyl polynomials, Taylor polynomials, and truncated Fourier series.
C3AE: Exploring the Limits of Compact Model for Age Estimation

Age estimation is a classic learning problem in computer vision. Many larger and deeper CNNs have been proposed with promising performance, such as AlexNet, VggNet, GoogLeNet and ResNet. However, these models are not practical for the embedded/mobile devices. Recently, MobileNets and ShuffleNets have been proposed to reduce the number of parameters, yielding lightweight models. However, their representation has been weakened because of the adoption of depth-wise separable convolution. In this work, we investigate the limits of compact model for small-scale image and propose an extremely Compact yet efficient Cascade Context-based Age Estimation model(C3AE). This model possesses only 1/9 and 1/2000 parameters compared with MobileNets/ShuffleNets and VggNet, while achieves competitive performance. In particular, we re-define age estimation problem by two-points representation, which is implemented by a cascade model. Moreover, to fully utilize the facial context information, multi-branch CNN network is proposed to aggregate multi-scale context. Experiments are carried out on three age estimation datasets. The state-of-the-art performance on compact model has been achieved with a relatively large margin.
CHAOS. III. GAS-PHASE ABUNDANCES IN NGC 5457

We present Large Binocular Telescope observations of 109 H ii regions in NGC 5457 (M101) obtained with the Multi-Object Double Spectrograph. We have robust measurements of one or more temperature-sensitive auroral emission lines for 74 H ii regions, permitting the measurement of “direct” gas-phase abundances. Comparing the temperatures derived from the different ionic species, we find: (1) strong correlations of T[N ii] with T[S iii] and T[O iii], consistent with little or no intrinsic scatter; (2) a correlation of T[S iii] with T[O iii], but with significant intrinsic dispersion; (3) overall agreement between T[N ii], T[S ii], and T[O ii], as expected, but with significant outliers; (4) the correlations of T[N ii] with T[S iii] and T[O iii] match the predictions of photoionization modeling while the correlation of T[S iii] with T[O iii] is offset from the prediction of photoionization modeling. Based on these observations, which include significantly more observations of lower excitation H ii regions, missing in many analyses, we inspect the commonly used ionization correction factors (ICFs) for unobserved ionic species and propose new empirical ICFs for S and Ar. We have discovered an unexpected population of H ii regions with a significant offset to low values in Ne/O, which defies explanation. We derive radial gradients in O/H and N/O which agree with previous studies. Our large observational database allows us to examine the dispersion in abundances, and we find intrinsic dispersions of 0.074 ± 0.009 in O/H and 0.095 ± 0.009 in N/O (at a given radius). We stress that this measurement of the intrinsic dispersion comes exclusively from direct abundance measurements of H ii regions in NGC 5457.
MEASURING SIZES OF ULTRA-FAINT DWARF GALAXIES

The discovery of ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxies in the halo of the Milky Way extends the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function to a few hundred solar luminosities. This extremely low luminosity regime poses a significant challenge for the photometric characterization of these systems. We present a suite of simulations aimed at understanding how different observational choices related to the properties of a low-luminosity system impact our ability to determine its true structural parameters such as half-light radius and central surface brightness. We focus on estimating half-light radii (on which mass estimates depend linearly) and find that these numbers can have up to 100% uncertainties when relatively shallow photometric surveys, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, are used. Our simulations suggest that to recover structural parameters within 10% or better of their true values: (1) the ratio of the field of view to the half-light radius of the satellite must be greater than three, (2) the total number of stars, including background objects should be larger than 1000, and (3) the central to background stellar density ratio must be higher than 20. If one or more of these criteria are not met, the accuracy of the resulting structural parameters can be significantly compromised. In the context of future surveys such as Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, the latter condition will be closely tied to our ability to remove unresolved background galaxies. Assessing the reliability of measured structural parameters will become increasingly critical as the next generation of deep wide-field surveys detects UFDs beyond the reach of current spectroscopic limits.
Reply to arXiv:1006.2126 by Giovanni Amelino-Camelia et al

It was previously shown that models with deformations of special relativity that have an energy-dependent yet observer-independent speed of light suffer from nonlocal effects that are in conflict with observation to very high precision. In a recent preprint it has been claimed that this conclusion is false. This claim was made by writing down expressions for modified Lorentz-transformations the use of which does not reproduce the result. I will show here that the failure to reproduce the result is not a consequence of a novel and improved calculation, but a consequence of repeating the same calculation but making an assumption that is in conflict with the assumptions made to produce the original scenario. I will here explain what the physical meaning of either assumption is and why the original assumption is the physically meaningful one. I will then further explain why even making the differing assumption does not remove but merely shift the problem and why the bound derived by Amelino-Camelia et al is wrong.
Investigation of high gamma‐glutamyltransferase syndrome in California Thoroughbred racehorses

Abstract Background Increases in serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity have been reported in Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses and associated with maladaptation to training but the underlying etiology remains unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives Classify the etiology of high GGT syndrome in racing TBs by assessment of pancreatic enzymes, vitamin E concentrations, and both a candidate gene and whole genome association study. We hypothesized that a genetic variant resulting in antioxidant insufficiency or pancreatic dysfunction would be responsible for high GGT syndrome in TBs. Animals A total of 138 California racing TBs. Amylase: n = 31 affected (serum GGT activity ≥60 IU/L), n = 52 control (serum GGT activity <40 IU/L). Lipase: n = 19 affected, n = 35 control. Serum α‐tocopherol concentrations: n = 32 affected, n = 46 control. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS): 36 affected, 58 control. Whole genome sequencing: n = 5 affected, n = 5 control. Methods Biochemical and vitamin analytes were compared among cohorts. A GWAS was performed and a subset of TBs underwent whole genome sequencing to interrogate candidate genes and positional genetic regions. Results Serum lipase and amylase activity and α‐tocopherol concentrations did not differ between groups. No genetic variants were identified in 2 candidate genes (UGT1A1 and GGT1) that associated with the phenotype. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) approached a suggestive association with the phenotype (P = 2.15 × 10−5), defining a 100 kb region on chromosome 5 surrounding cluster of differentiation 1a (CD1A1), a transmembrane gene related to the major histocompatibility complex. Conclusions and Clinical Importance An underlying genetic etiology may exist for high GGT syndrome in racing TBs, similar to genetic disorders in humans.
FILAMENTS IN SIMULATIONS OF MOLECULAR CLOUD FORMATION

We report on the filaments that develop self-consistently in a new numerical simulation of cloud formation by colliding flows. As in previous studies, the forming cloud begins to undergo gravitational collapse because it rapidly acquires a mass much larger than the average Jeans mass. Thus, the collapse soon becomes nearly pressureless, proceeding along its shortest dimension first. This naturally produces filaments in the cloud and clumps within the filaments. The filaments are not in equilibrium at any time, but instead are long-lived flow features through which the gas flows from the cloud to the clumps. The filaments are long-lived because they accrete from their environment while simultaneously accreting onto the clumps within them; they are essentially the locus where the flow changes from accreting in two dimensions to accreting in one dimension. Moreover, the clumps also exhibit a hierarchical nature: the gas in a filament flows onto a main, central clump but other, smaller-scale clumps form along the infalling gas. Correspondingly, the velocity along the filament exhibits a hierarchy of jumps at the locations of the clumps. Two prominent filaments in the simulation have lengths ∼15 pc and masses ∼600 M☉ above density n ∼ 103 cm−3 (∼2 × 103 M☉ at n > 50 cm−3). The density profile exhibits a central flattened core of size ∼0.3 pc and an envelope that decays as r−2.5 in reasonable agreement with observations. Accretion onto the filament reaches a maximum linear density rate of ∼30 M☉ Myr−1 pc−1.
Treatment-resistant diabetic chorea manifesting with psychiatric symptoms: a case report

ABSTRACT We report a case of a 69-year-old man with treatment-resistant diabetic chorea presenting psychiatric symptoms. The right chorea lasted for 3 months and was refractory to control of diabetes mellitus or administration of haloperidol and benzodiazepines. Only administration of tiapride was efficacious. Magnetic resonance spectrometry and dopamine transporter-single photon emission computed tomography suggested that sustained ischemia at the striatum may lead to impaired expression of dopamine transporters, thereby resulting in deterioration in the indirect pathway. Tiapride inhibited dopamine D2 receptors, thereby restoring the function of the indirect pathway and resulting in improvement of diabetic chorea.
Precision cut intestinal slices, a novel model of acute food allergic reactions

Food allergy affects up to 10% of the pediatric population. Despite ongoing efforts, treatment options remain limited. Novel models of food allergy are needed to study response patterns downstream of IgE‐crosslinking and evaluate drugs modifying acute events. Here, we report a novel human ex vivo model that displays acute, allergen‐specific, IgE‐mediated smooth muscle contractions using precision cut intestinal slices (PCIS).
Impact of acute coronary syndrome on clinical outcomes after revascularization with the dual‐therapy CD34 antibody‐covered sirolimus‐eluting Combo stent and the sirolimus‐eluting Orsiro stent

To compare the efficacy and safety of the dual‐therapy CD34 antibody‐covered sirolimus‐eluting Combo stent (DTS) and the sirolimus‐eluting Orsiro stent (O‐SES) in patients with and without acute coronary syndrome (ACS) included in the SORT OUT X study.
Orthodontic retention experience of university students: A qualitative study

Objective: To explore university students’ experience of retention and identify potential barriers and facilitators to long-term adherence. Design: Cross-sectional qualitative study using virtual focus groups. Setting: University of Leeds. Participants: Dental and non-dental students from the University of Leeds, who had previously undergone orthodontic treatment and had received removable retainers. Methods: Students were invited to participate via email. Virtual focus groups were undertaken using Microsoft Teams. A topic guide was used to explore the experience of orthodontic retention including factors that influence long-term retainer wear. Focus groups were recorded and analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Results: In total, 23 students participated in four focus groups, including 13 dental students. The period since the end of orthodontic treatment varied from 9 months to 10 years. Of the 23 participants, 8 (35%) were no longer wearing their retainers. Four themes were identified: (1) experience of orthodontic treatment including knowledge of relapse; (2) experience of retainer wear, including motivators and barriers; (3) role of others; and (4) increasing adherence. Key factors influencing use of retainers were the importance placed on maintaining treatment outcomes, awareness of unwanted tooth movement and understanding of the role of the retainer, access to replacement retainers, and ongoing support to encourage retainer wear. Greater knowledge and dental awareness reported by dental students did not necessarily increase adherence. Conclusion: Adherence to removable retainer wear is an important aspect of orthodontic treatment but it is recognised that long-term retainer wear is highly variable. The understanding of relapse and retention is variable. Challenges in gaining access to replacement retainers are a common cause of cessation of retainer wear. Dental professionals are perceived to be important in encouraging and supporting retainer wear and individuals reported they would like more follow-up.
Black hole thermodynamics, stringy dualities and double field theory

We discuss black hole thermodynamics in the manifestly duality invariant formalism of double field theory (DFT). We reformulate and prove the first law of black hole thermodynamics in DFT, using the covariant phase space approach. After splitting the full O(D, D) invariant DFT into a Kaluza–Klein-inspired form where only n coordinates are doubled, our results provide explicit duality invariant mass and entropy formulas. We illustrate how this works by discussing the black string solution and its T-duals.
Capacities, Measurable Selection and Dynamic Programming Part II: Application in Stochastic Control Problems

We aim to give an overview on how to derive the dynamic programming principle for a general stochastic control/stopping problem, using measurable selection techniques. By considering their martingale problem formulation, we show how to check the required measurability conditions for different versions of control/stopping problem, including in particular the controlled/stopped diffusion processes problem. Further, we also study the stability of the control problem, i.e. the approximation of the control process by piecewise constant control problems. It induces in particular an equivalence result for different versions of the controlled/stopped diffusion processes problem.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antimicrobial usage, spread and resistance emergence in commercial poultry farms of Rajshahi district in Bangladesh

Background Inappropriate and injudicious use of antimicrobials in broiler and layer farms has become a common practice in lower and middle-income countries including Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess poultry farmers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding antimicrobial usage (AMU), and their beliefs in factors that affect antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spread and emergence in humans through commercial poultry farms in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 204 farmers (95.6% male; meanage = 35.14 ± 10.25 years) in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh who were recruited from three upazilas (sub-districts) through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected from June to November 2021 via face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results The proportion of farmers who reported having received information regarding AMU from veterinarians was higher in layer compared to broiler farms (65.9% vs. 44.9%, p < 0.001). A higher proportion of layer compared to broiler farmers believed that antimicrobial residues and pathogens in poultry can pass to humans through the consumption of contaminated eggs (28.1% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.05). The mean score of the farmers’ attitude towards addressing AMU was 4.49 (SD = 1.37) out of 7, with the higher score indicating a better attitude. The mean score of better attitudes towards addressing AMU was significantly higher among educated participants (bachelor’s or higher levels of education (p = 0.006). A higher proportion of layer (56.3%) farmers did not keep a record of AMU when compared to broiler farmers (37.7%) (p = 0.012). More broiler (50.7%) compared to layer (38.5%) farmers continued using the full dose of antimicrobials (p = 0.042). The most frequently used antimicrobials in broiler and layer poultry farms were Colistin (broiler vs layer: 73.9% vs. 86.75%; p = 0.024), and Ciprofloxacin (broiler vs. layer: 95.7% vs. 84.4%; p = 0.021). Farmers’ beliefs were significantly associated with the spread of AMR pathogens from contaminated eggs to humans (p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings reflected that majority of farmers had inadequate knowledge of AMU, less knowledgeable beliefs aboutAMU, and inappropriate AMU (e.g., poor record keeping, incomplete doses) in chicken production systems. The government should ensure education or advisory services for poultry farmers on proper AMU, enforce current veterinary laws and regulations on antimicrobials, and implement AMU surveillance systems.
ROP signaling regulates spatial pattern of cell division and specification of meristem notch

Significance Marchantia polymorpha serves as an excellent model organism for studying the formation of basal complex multicellular structures in land plants. Gemma development is initiated from a single cell, which undergoes a series of spatially organized divisions to differentiate into meristem notches at each side of the gemma. Thus, notch formation provides a good system for investigating how the cell division pattern and subsequent differentiation processes are established during plant organogenesis. Genetic analysis indicates a critical role for M. polymorpha’s sole ROP gene (MpROP) in the regulation of developmental processes, including the spatial pattern of cell division and meristem formation in early gemma development. Our results reveal a function of ROP in the regulation of fundamental developmental processes.