Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hubungan penggunaan bedak tabur dan bedak padat dengan kejadian akne vulgaris pada remaja wanita

Prevalensi kejadian akne vulgaris pada masa remaja cukup tinggi, yaitu berkisar antara 47%-90% selama masa remaja. Prevalensi tertinggi terjadi pada wanita usia 14-17 tahun berkisar 83%-85%. Penyebab akne vulgaris sampai saat ini belum diketahui kepastiannya tetapi banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhinya, salah satunya adalah penggunaan kosmetik. Bahan kosmetik yang diduga dapat menyebabkan akne vulgaris ini salah satunya adalah bedak yang terdiri dari bedak tabur dan bedak padat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan bedak tabur dan bedak padat terhadap kejadian akne vulgaris pada remaja wanita. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 137 responden wanita usia 14-17 tahun pada bulan November tahun 2018 di SMA Negeri 100 Jakarta Timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Didapatkan responden yang menderita akne vulgaris pada pengguna bedak tabur sebanyak 63,4% dan pengguna bedak padat 77,4%. Hubungan penggunaan bedak tabur dan bedak padat pada kejadian akne vulgaris memiliki nilai p>0,05. Penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara penggunaan bedak tabur dan bedak padat terhadap kejadian akne vulgaris.
Non-random associations of maternally transmitted symbionts in insects: The roles of drift versus co-transmission and selection

Virtually all higher organisms form holobionts with associated microbiota. To understand the biology of holobionts we need to know how species assemble and interact. Controlled experiments are suited to study interactions between particular symbionts, but they can only inform about a tiny portion of the diversity within each species. Alternatively, interactions can be inferred from associations among symbionts in the field that are more or less frequent than expected under random assortment. However, random assortment may not be a valid null hypothesis for maternally transmitted symbionts in finite populations, where drift alone can result in associations. Here we report results from a European field survey of endosymbionts in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and we develop a model to study the effect of drift on symbiont associations under different population sizes, considering varying rates of horizontal and maternal transmission. The model showed that even though horizontal transmissions and maternal transmission failures tend to randomise symbiont associations, drift can induce significant departures from random assortment, at least in moderate-sized populations. Based on these results, we carefully interpret our field survey and we re-visit the association between Spiroplasma and Wolbachia in Drosophila neotestacea reported by Jaenike et al. (2010). For this and for several significant associations between symbionts in European pea aphids we conclude that under reasonable assumptions of effective population size, they are indeed likely to be maintained by biased co-transmission or selection. Our study shows that formulating appropriate null expectations can strengthen the biological inference from co-occurrence patterns in the field.
Machine Learning Classification of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Structural MRI Data

Background Clinical symptoms-based ADHD diagnosis is considered “subjective”. Machine learning (ML) classifiers have been explored to develop objective diagnosis of ADHD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers. Methods We reviewed previous literature and developed ensemble classifiers using the ENIGMA-ADHD dataset, with the implementation of data balancing to control for age, sex, diagnostic groups, and sample sites and a held-out test set for independent evaluation. Results Our review showed that classification accuracies reported previously using cross-validation (CV) samples were inflated and did not generalize well to independent test samples. Our results showed a significant discrimination between ADHD and control samples for both adult and children, but the accuracies were modest (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 66% and 67% respectively). We found that child samples were informative for predicting adult ADHD, and vice versa. The most important brain MRI structures for prediction were intracranial volume (ICV), followed by surface area and some subcortical volumes. The cortical thickness measurements were the least useful. Conclusions Although previous ML classification studies reported overly optimistic accuracies and suffered methodological limitations, our results suggest that clinically useful classification of ADHD may be possible with larger samples. In contrast to prior reports of ENIGMA-ADHD studies, our work finds ADHD-related sMRI differences in adults and shows that the brain differences between cases and controls seen in youth can be useful in discriminating adults with and without ADHD. This provides additional evidence for the continuity of ADHD’s pathophysiology from childhood to adulthood.
Research Article Genetic diversity in a cajuí ( Anacardium spp.) germplasm bank as determined by ISSR markers

Some species of Anacardium (Anacardiaceae) produce fruits and pseudofruits that are smaller than those of the common cashew ( Anacardium occidentale ) and, for this reason, are known collectively in Brazil as “cajuí”. Despite their economic value in the food market and their important environmental and ecological functions, cajuí trees remain underexploited. We employed nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to characterize two presupposed populations of cajuí comprising 25 accessions maintained in the germplasm bank of Embrapa Meio-Norte (Teresina, PI, Brazil). Population structure and relationships between accessions were determined in order to generate knowledge that could contribute to genetic improvement programs and better management of this migrant descendants and possible hybrids. Nonetheless, genetic variability within the accessions could be organized into two distinct, but linked, groups that had undergone extensive exchange of genetic material, as verified by the high gene flow index ( (cid:1840)(cid:1865) = 13.145 ). The substantial genetic variability observed could be attributed to individual differences between accessions rather than to differential spatial distribution. This report enhances our knowledge of the genus Anacardium and should facilitate the future improvement of cajuí culture and fruit quality. In addition, our study highlights the importance of further taxonomic studies on the species of Anacardium that comprise cajuí.
Supporting Patients Who are Ready to Stop Antidepressants-Pressing Need for More Research in Long Term Use

A substantial proportion of primary care patients are longterm users of antidepressant medication. Antidepressants are often started when patients have episodes of mild to moderate depression or mixed anxiety and depression. After a prolonged course of 2 years many patients may be ready to stop antidepressants but data shows that large numbers struggle to stop. The continuation of antidepressants long term leaves users prone to adverse effects and interactions with other medication especially in the elderly. There is limited research in the longer term use of antidepressants and in interventions to help users to stop. In an analysis of routine data from 78 urban general practices in Scotland, 8.6% (33,312/388,656) of all registered patients were prescribed an antidepressant, and 47.1% of these were defined as long-term users of >= 2 years [1]. In a recent audit of records in one practice in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, UK 10% of patients had been using antidepressants for more than 12 months. Many of these long-term users may no longer obtain any benefits from the medication and may experience harmful consequences associated with long-term use; continued use of medication that is no longer needed is also an unnecessary cost to health services Current UK guidance recommends that patients are gradually ‘weaned off’ medication under supervision of their GP [2-6]. However the best ways of weaning off has not been formally specified in terms of the schedule and how patients should be supported in ways that could be widely used in primary care. Until recently there was limited acceptance by psychiatrists that patients may find it very difficult to stop antidepressants due to the severity of withdrawal symptoms [7,8]. Why we Need More Research into How Patients Can Be Supported in Stopping Antidepressants
Timing seed germination under changing salinity: a key role of the ERECTA receptor-kinases

Appropriate timing of seed germination is crucial for the survival and propagation of plants, and for crop yield, especially in environments prone to salinity or drought. Yet, how exactly seeds perceive changes in soil conditions and integrate them to trigger germination remains elusive, especially once non-dormant. Here we report that the Arabidopsis ERECTA (ER), ERECTA-LIKE1 (ERL1) and ERECTA-LIKE2 (ERL2) leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases synergistically regulate germination and its sensitivity to salinity and osmotic stress. Loss of ER alone, or in combination with ERL1 and/or ERL2 slows down the initiation of germination and its progression to completion, or arrests it altogether until better conditions return. That function is maternally controlled via the embryo surrounding tissues, primarily the properties of the seed coat determined during seed development on the mother plant, that relate to both seed coat expansion and subsequent differentiation, particularly the formation of its mucilage. Salt-hypersensitive er, er erl1, er erl2 and triple mutant seeds also exhibit increased sensitivity to ABA during germination, and under salinity show an enhanced upregulation of the germination repressors and inducers of dormancy ABA-insensitive-3, ABA-insensitive-5, DELLA encoding RGL2 and Delay-Of-Germination-1. These findings reveal a novel role of the ERECTA kinases in the sensing of conditions at the seed surface and the integration of developmental and stress signalling pathways in seeds. They also open novel avenues for the genetic improvement of plant adaptation to harsh soils. Highlight The ERECTA family of receptor-kinases regulates seed germination under salinity, through mucilage-mediated sensing of conditions at the seed surface, and interaction with secondary dormancy mechanisms.
Lethal and sublethal effects of ten insecticides, used in date palm production in Saudi Arabia, on the parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae

Abstract Lethal and sublethal effects of ten insecticides commonly used in date palm production in Saudi Arabia were assessed in the laboratory against adults of Trichogramma cacoeciae, an important egg parasitoid of the dried fruit moth Ephestia calidella. Bioassays were conducted according to the standard protocol of the International Organization for Biological Control IOBC/WPRS/Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’. Our results showed that cypermethrin, deltamethrin, malathion, phenthoate, methomyl, and carbosulfan were moderately harmful (IOBC Class 3) to the parasitoid. The botanical insecticides azadirachtin and matrine were moderately harmful (IOBC Class 3) and slightly harmful (IOBC Class 2), respectively. The insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was slightly harmful, whereas bistrifluron was harmless (IOBC Class 1). Regarding sublethal effects, the parasitism ratios compared to control were reduced by pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin to 49.0% and 58.0%, respectively; hence they are classified as slightly harmful insecticides (IOBC Class 2). Bistrifluron and matrine were harmless (IOBC Class 1) as parasitism ratios were reduced by 9.2% and 27.6%, respectively. Longevity of adults exposed to bistrifluron and matrine (3.6 and 3.3 days, respectively) and to pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin (1.7 and 1.3 days, respectively) was significantly lower than that in control (4.67 days). In semi-field tests, residues of most insecticides on leaves of tomato, a common host plant of lepidopteran pests parasitized by T. cacoeciae, were considered moderately harmful to harmful based on parasitoid mortality at 24 h post-treatment whereas they were slightly harmful at 7 and 14 days post-treatment
Bacterial urinary tract infection and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among type II diabetic patients – A cross-sectional study from tertiary care teaching hospital in Central Lahore

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the fifth leading cause of death in developed countries. Risk of infections is increased in diabetic patients with urinary tract being the most common site of infection. Worldwide, the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI) is estimated to be around 150 million persons per year. UTI exhibit a poorer prognosis in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to a compromise in their immune status in addition to emerging antimicrobial resistance due to widespread use of antimicrobial agents. This study aims to determine frequency of common bacterial pathogens causing UTI and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among type 2 diabetic patients. This may help to guide physicians regarding appropriate management of UTI in the local population to avoid multidrug resistance. Patients and methods: This cross sectional study involved 215 type 2 diabetic patients admitted to Medical Unit-III of Sir Ganga Ram hospital, Lahore from 01-12-2016 to 31-05-2017. Type 2 adult diabetic patients (diagnosed for at least 1 year) of age 40-80 years, either male or female performed as baseline investigation at admission were included in the study. Further urine samples were obtained (clean catch midstream urine 10cc in two wide mouth sterile screw capped plastic jars) before starting treatment. Samples were sent for microscopy and culture. Culture results and antibiotic sensitivities were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows version 23.0. Categorical variables like gender, organisms and antibiotic sensitivity was presented in Frequency or Percentage form. Numerical variables like age and duration of diabetes were presented as Mean± SD. Data was stratified for age, gender and duration of DM to deal with effect modifiers. Post stratification chi-square test was applied. A05 was considered significant. Results: Total of 215 patients were included. Mean age was 63.76±10.342 years of which 164 (76.3%) were females, while 51 (23.7%) were males reflecting female predominance. Most common isolated organism in urine culture was E. coli (58.6%), followed by Klebsiella (20.5%), Proteus (9.3%), Pseudomonas (8.4%) and Enterococcus (3.3%) species. Most of the patients (76.7%) were sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam followed by carbapenems (67%) and Gentamycin (56.7%), whereas 24.2% showed sensitivity to all antibiotics. Conclusion: Females are most commonly affected among diabetic patients. The commonest isolate was E. coli among culture positive UTIs. E. coli was most sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems followed by Gentamycin while least sensitive to Ceftriaxone. The results emphasize the importance of practice of urine culture and sensitivity testing in diabetic patients and cautious approach to use of commonly used antibiotic ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin as empirical treatment for UTI despite the low sensitivity of the drug to the most prevailing organism.
Domesticated tomatoes are more vulnerable to negative plant–soil feedbacks than their wild relatives

Domesticated plants can differ from their wild counterparts in the strength and outcome of species interactions, both above‐ and belowground. Plant–soil feedbacks influence plant success, and plant‐associated soil microbial communities can influence plant interactions with herbivores and their natural enemies, yet, it remains unclear if domestication has changed these relationships. To determine the effects of domestication on plant–soil interactions, we characterized soil microbial communities associated with various cultivars of domesticated tomato and some of its wild relatives. We measured the strength and direction of plant–soil feedbacks for domesticated and wild tomatoes, and the effects of soil on plant resistance to specialist herbivory by Manduca sexta, and the attraction of a parasitoid wasp, Cotesia congregata. Domesticated tomatoes and their wild relatives had negative plant–soil feedbacks, as conspecifics cultivated soil that negatively impacted performance of subsequent plants (longer germination time, lower biomass) than if they grew in non‐tomato soils. Significant variation existed among domesticated and wild tomato varieties in the strength of these feedbacks, ranging from neutral to strongly negative. For above‐ground plant biomass, tomato wild relatives were unaffected by growing in tomato‐conditioned soil, whereas domesticated tomatoes grew smaller in tomato soil, indicating effects of plant domestication. Overall, increased microbial biomass within the rhizosphere resulted in progressively less‐negative plant–soil feedbacks. Plant cultivars had different levels of resistance to herbivory by M. sexta, but this did not depend on plant domestication or soil type. The parasitoid C. congregata was primarily attracted to herbivore damaged plants, independent of plant domestication status, and for these damaged plants, wasps preferred some cultivars over others, and wild plants grown in tomato soil over wild plants grown in non‐tomato soil. Synthesis. These results indicate that crop tomatoes are more likely to show negative plant–soil feedbacks than wild progenitors, which could partially explain their sensitivity to monocultures in agricultural soils. Furthermore, cultivar‐specific variation in the ability to generate soil microbial biomass, independent of domestication status, appears to buffer the negative consequences of sharing the same soil. Last, soil legacies were relatively absent for herbivores, but not for parasitoid wasps, suggesting trophic level specificity in soil feedbacks on plant–insect interactions.
Management of Fruit Rot of Brinjal Caused by Phomopsis vexans

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to family Solanaceae. It is the most important vegetable in India (Sekara et al., 2007) and described as “king of vegetables” due to its wide usage in Indian foods (Choudhary and Gaur, 2009; Singh et al., 2014). Area, production and productivity of brinjal have increased over the years, although increment in productivity remained relatively less over the years (Anon, 2015 and NHB, 2017). Globally, India stands 2 nd in brinjal production; and in India, brinjal constitutes 8.1 per cent of vegetable production (Anon, 2012; Anon, 2013; Anon, 2015). Presently, brinjal ranks 4 th important vegetable crop in India after potato, onion and tomato. Brinjal is cultivated in an area of 0.72 million ha with a production of 12.32 million tones and productivity of 16.95 t ha -1 during the year 2016-17 (NHB, 2017). Although, the productivity of brinjal in India has increased, it is far less than the productivity in a few other countries viz., China, Japan, Turkey, Egypt and Italy (Anon, 2012). Such lower production could be attributed to several environmental, edaphic and plant factors. Among the various production constraints in brinjal, diseases are the prominent factor in International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Preparation of High Nutritional Quality Soup for the Elderly

Healthy diet for elderly not only provided them with their needs from all nutrients but also helped preventing and treating age-related disorders. So, the present study was to evaluate physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of nine formulated functional soup mixtures for elderly. This study was designed to prepare some soups contained some of vegetables and fruit which cooked in one of three liquids (water, chicken broth and whey). Nine soup mixtures of vegetables and fruits were prepared. Proximate composition, vitamins, minerals, physical characteristics and antioxidant activity were determined, sensory properties were evaluated, as well as caloric values and RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) were calculated. The soup colors varied between red to orange yellow or yellow. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that all the different soup mixtures were acceptable with values ranging from 8.38 to 9.50 for overall acceptability. The results indicated that one serving of soup mixtures which contained oat, spinach, broccoli and bananas covered the RDA of protein, crude fiber, fat, carbohydrates and caloric values for elderly male and female by about 14.3-18.5%, 29.3-44.3%, 10-12.5%, 29.6-30.6% and 9.4-10.7 kcal/cup of soup, respectively. While, vitamins A, C, B6 and B12 were covered by about 448%, 39%, 29% and 750%, respectively for male and 576%, 47%, 33% and 750%, respectively for female. In conclusion the formulated soup mixtures with high acceptability and antioxidant activity can provide elderly people with high percent of their requirements from nutrients.
Microbial Degradation of Fuel Oxygenates under Aerobic Conditions

Abstract : This research determined the rate and extent of aerobic degradation of fuel oxygenates ethyl tert butyl ether (ETBE), tert amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl alcohol (ethanol). Biodegradation was measured using gas chromatography (GC), respirometry, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) tests. Additionally, the research determined the effects of toluene on degradation rates. This microcosm study used a microbial consortium obtained from a petroleum refinery wastewater treatment facility. Respirometry data were collected from chambers containing pure oxygenates, or oxygenate/toluene mixtures. Samples were withdrawn periodically for GC analysis. Aerobic conditions were maintained in the chambers at all times. Degradation of oxygenates was compared to degradation of toluene, assuming first order decay. Across all experiments TAME degraded at 8.65 % the rate of toluene, ETBE at 8.17% the rate of toluene and ethanol at 156.79 % the rate of toluene. GC and respirometry data were the most suitable methods for measuring degradation. BOD provided acceptable results for toluene and ethanol but not for the slower degrading oxygenates. Finally, the presence of toluene slowed the degradation of both ETBE and TAME.
A Review on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV): An Emerging Constrain in Disease Management in Livestock Industry

The world live-stock industry emerging by defeating all its limits and challenges in the course of mass production. Many pathogenic disease outbreaks restrict the scope for a better management practice rather to go for a better medication. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) can be considered as the major threat in the live-stock industry causing severe loss in the production as well as revenue generation. Several EHDV outbreak reports have been recorded along with immense research to understand the molecular mechanism of viral replication along with the structure, while a better management practice can strongly expect to prevent the subsequent infection. Several important characters directly or indirectly influence the EHDV outbreaks in different locations. The continuous disease occurrence and its significant impact on the livestock industry impose the conception of the management practice to prevent further consequences of EHDV infection.