Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Templating synthesis of metal oxides by an incipient wetness impregnation route and their activities for CO oxidation

Various metal oxides, including Co3O4, NiO, CeO2 and Ce0.7Cu0. 3O2, were synthesized by an incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) route using mesoporous silica SBA-16 and SBA-15 as templates, and their catalytic performances were evaluated by the CO oxidation model reaction. Templating is a powerful technology for the preparation of materials with desired morphology, while the IWI route guarantees the metal in solution permeating into the pores of the template by a capillary pressure. Thus mesoporous metal oxides with near-perfect surface morphologies, such as three-dimensional nano-sized particles and two-dimensional nanowires, and controlled particle size were prepared from shaped templates using the IWI route. Characterizations such as TEM and H2-TPR measurements indicated that Co3O4 replicated from SBA-16 hydrolyzed at 80 °C (namely, Co3O4-16_80) has the smallest particle size, the highest surface area and the strongest reducibility, thus leading to the best activity for CO oxidation. Furthermore, the sample can be reused with no loss of activity in the second run, and exhibited good long-term stability, with less than 6% decrease in the activity after running at 120 °C for 36 h.
Hydration of Bromide Ion in Supercritical Water: An X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Molecular Dynamics Study

X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements and molecular dynamics simulations(MD) are used to explore the extent of Br- ion hydration in supercritical water solutions. The structure of the first hydration shell under ambient conditions is compared to that in the supercritical region spanning a temperature range from 25 to 475 °C and pressures from 1 to 650 bar. The RbBr salt concentration was varied from 0.02 to 1.5 molal. The wide range of conditions studied allowed a detailed examination of the effect of temperature, density, and concentration on the extent of ion hydration under supercritical conditions. The present results provide important new insights into factors affecting ion hydration in supercritical water. Changing the density of the supercritical solution by a factor of 1.5 causes only minor changes in the extent of ion hydration at 425 °C, whereas a pronounced dehydration occurs as the temperature is increased from 25 to 475 °C. Specifically, the number of water molecules in the firs.
Calculation of GIC in the North Island of New Zealand Using MT Data and Thin‐Sheet Modeling

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in the North Island New Zealand power transmission network during two large magnetic storms are calculated from both magnetotelluric (MT) data and a thin‐sheet conductance model of New Zealand previously used to study GIC in the South Island. We focus on the 2015 St. Patrick's Day magnetic storm and the storm of 20 November 2003. Lack of MT data in the northwestern part of the Island means that the transmission network in this region is represented by an equivalent circuit. Lack of GIC observations in the North Island means that results cannot be directly compared with measured GIC. However, our calculation of GIC shows that substations and individual transformers in the lower part of the Island with significant currents are generally the same as those where total harmonic distortion has been observed during periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity. MT data in the period range 2–30 min are used to predict GIC associated with the sudden storm commencement and rapid variations in the magnetic field. In contrast, the thin‐sheet modeling approach shows that GIC may be expected to occur in conjunction with longer‐period variations. Calculations for the 2003 storm suggest that at some locations GIC in excess of 10 A may persist for long periods of time and may produce significant harmonic distortion which could lead to localized transformer heating. It is concluded that despite its relatively low latitude the North Island power network is potentially at risk from significant GIC during extreme storms.
Application of Temperature Stress to Roots of Spinach I. Effect of the Low Temperature Stress on Quality

In the soil-less culture, root zone environment can be easily modified to create stress conditions such as low and high temperatures, drought and high salinity by applying physical and chemical properties of water. Low temperature stress to plant body can induce adaptive functions in plant such as osmoregulation and antioxidation, which are expected to result in production of value-added vegetables enriched in sugars and antioxidants, etc. In this study, production of value-added vegetables was examined by applying low temperature stress only to roots in a soil-less culture. Spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Orai) were grown in a soil-less culture, where the root zone temperature was controlled at a normal temperature of 20°C. Two weeks before the harvest, the low temperature stress treatment with a root zone temperature of 5°C was applied for only one week. This low temperature stress to roots induced plant adaptive functions of osmoregulation and antioxidation, and healthful substances for human health such as sugars, ascorbic acid and Fe were significantly enriched in edible shoots. Furthermore, concentrations of nitrates and oxalic acid in shoots, which are harmful substances, were extremely decreased with depression in water and nutrient absorption by roots. These suggest that the only one week treatment with low temperature stress only to roots is applicable for production of value-added leafy vegetables.
Credit demand in the Irish mortgage market: What is the gap and could public lending help?

In this paper, we estimate credit demand for potential Irish first time buyer households currently living in the rental sector. Exploiting individual survey responses to credit demand questions, and characteristics of the household, we estimate the level of latent credit demand that could be serviced by the market given prudent credit risk assessment and the current regulatory environment. We then compare this demand to current market provision to explore whether a credit gap exists. We find evidence of excess demand for credit and an under-supply of loans relative to latent demand. In terms of credit access issues, we find that insufficient savings for a down-payment, rather than income or affordability, is the most binding constraint. Scenario analysis suggests between 2,000 and 9,000 additional loans could be provided per annum depending on the degree to which demand is realised. This would imply an additional €0.4bn to €1.9bn in lending. We show a targeted public mortgage credit instrument could alleviate a portion of this gap and aid market access by providing between 1,100 and 5,800 loans at between €0.2bn to €1bn approximately. *Corresponding Author: rachel.slaymaker@esri.ie JEL Classification: R21; G21; R31; R38
Light-emitting porous silicon formed by photoetching in aqueous HF/KIO3 solution

The formation of light-emitting porous silicon (PSi) in a HF solution by adding an oxidizing agent KIO3 is presented. The PSi layers are formed by photoetching under Xe lamp illumination. The use of a Xe lamp enables the formation of large PSi layers on n-Si substrates. Yellow photoluminescence peaking at ∼2.0 eV is observed for the sample prepared in a HF/KIO3 solution for 6 min, which is about 80 times stronger than that formed in a pure HF solution for 105 min. The surface topography as characterized by atomic force microscopy reveals features of the order of 20–100 nm. The PSi formation mechanism can be successfully explained with the aid of a surface energy-band diagram of n-Si in the HF/KIO3 electrolyte.
The Impact of Leadership on Employees’ Loyalty and on Organizational Success: Do Transformational and Transactional Leadership Ensure Organizational and Work Commitment?

Leadership issues are vital to organizational success (Kumar and Kaptan, 2007). Without a strategic and effective leadership, it is difficult for the members of the organization to maintain profitability, productivity and competitive advantage (Lussier and Achua, 2007). Work commitment is important for understanding employee work behavior (Mowday et al., 1979; Meyer and Herscovitch 2001; Meyer et al. 2002). This commitment has an impact on many work-related characteristics, such as the intention to stay in the business (Porter et al. 1974; Mathieu and Zajac 1990; Meyer et al. 2002; Chew and Chan 2008), the absence (Porter et al. . 1974; Angle and Perry 1981; Meyer et al. 2002), and satisfaction (Yousef, 2000; Meyer et al., 2002; Chughtai and Zafar, 2006). The purpose of the research is to describe how leadership affects work commitment and employee effectiveness in a business. The target of the research is to examine which of the two transformational and transactional leadership styles has the most significant impact on employee engagement and employee effectiveness. In this research, an in-depth examination of the concepts of leadership, leadership style and work commitment was first conducted. The actions taken to investigate the research problem and the reasoning behind the application of specific procedures or techniques used to locate, select, process, and analyze the information used to understand the problem were then described, thus allowing the reader to critically evaluate the overall validity and reliability of the study. The interview questions were then taken and a comparison was made between the answers to give the results of the research. The results were also discussed to find homogenizations or contradictions in the existing literature review. Finally, the findings of the research were reported and suggestions for future research were made. The results showed that transformational leadership can lead to job commitment and better long-term effort, creativity and productivity of employees. On the contrary, the leadership of the transaction cannot cause a work commitment, but it is observed that on the part of the employees it can cause better results in a short period of time. Combined, transformational and transactional leadership can lead to job commitment, better results on the part of employees in the short term, and better long-term effort, creativity and productivity of employees.
The reliability of the determination of tensor parameters by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

The accuracy of determination of tensor parameters measured using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance is investigated. In particular, the reliability of the determination of the anisotropy and the asymmetry parameter of the chemical shift is calculated using the Cramer-Rao lower bounds. Minimizing this measure of the error as a function of an experimental parameter (in this case the spinning speed of the sample) enables the optimization of any given experiment. Hence, an optimum number of sidebands is found for which the determination of the anisotropy is most reliable. Comparision to the static limit shows that the reliability of the determination of the anisotropy is always greater in spinning experiments than in static experiments. An analogous analysis for the asymmetry parameter shows it to be consistently more reliably determined from a static spectrum. The sensitivity of the fitting to the simulation algorithm is found to become pronounced with slower speeds and static spectra, and a discussion of such systematic errors is provided. The reliability of the determination of dipolar or first-order quadrupolar tensors is also calculated, and we find that this presents a surprisingly different situation to that of the chemical shift. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics.
Swimming Behavior of Downstream Moving Fish at Innovative Curved-Bar Rack Bypass Systems for Fish Protection at Water Intakes

New types of fish guidance structures with vertical curved bars and a subsequent bypass system represent a promising technical solution for the protection and guidance of downstream moving fish at run-of-river hydropower plants and water intakes. These so-called “curved-bar rack bypass systems” (CBR-BSs) function as a mechanical behavioral barrier and are characterized by low hydraulic losses, a symmetrical downstream flow field and an overall high fish guidance efficiency in the laboratory for a wide array of European freshwater fish species. This paper presents the results of the hydraulic and live-fish laboratory tests of an optimized CBR-BS configuration with a bar spacing of 50 mm and 30° rack angle to the flow direction. The tests were conducted with six different fish species in an ethohydraulic laboratory flume at different approach flows (0.5 m/s, 0.7 m/s) and different bypass entrance velocities (0.6–1.0 m/s). A numerical model was used to simulate the flow fields in the CBR-BS in order to link the fish behavior to the hydrodynamic cues created by the CBR-BS. Lower approach flow velocities decreased the hydraulic cues of the CBR, which led to more rack passages. A 20% velocity increase towards the bypass entrance significantly increased the fish guidance efficiency compared to a 40% velocity increase. The tested CBR-BS resulted in overall higher interspecies fish protection and guidance efficiencies compared to the more commonly applied horizontal-bar rack with a narrow bar spacing of 20 mm. Recommendations for a sustainable and cost-effective application of CBR-BSs are given.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of six-membered rings. Part I. Rings inversion in heterocyclic compounds

Free energies of activation, ΔG‡, for ring inversion are reported for a number of heterocycles. These values are obtained from coalescence temperatures observed for 1H n.m. r. spectra. The observed variations in ΔG‡ are correlated with differences in barriers to internal rotation in analogous acyclic compounds. The limitations and anomalies of the correlation are mentioned, and the implications are discussed.
Awareness of Hand Hygiene in Hospital Set-up for Infection Control: Knowledge-based Questionnaire for Health Care Workers in a Teaching Hospital

The notion of hygiene is built on the relationship between cleanliness and the maintenance of good health. Hand washing technique is the rubbing together of all parts of the hands, including all the clefts using soap and water. Hand hygiene is the first step in preventing cross-transmission of microorganisms, which can help in prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs). The entire world is in fact, emphasizing the importance of hand wash for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. The germs causing infection in a health care setting can be transmitted through contaminated hands. Health care-associated pathogens can be acquired from any source, mainly from infected or draining wounds, patients’ skin, aprons they wear, mattresses they use, bedside furniture and other objects in the immediate environment of the patient. Organisms such as S. aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp. , Acinetobacter spp. , Enterococci, play an important role in HAIs. Although hand hygiene procedures are relatively simple, several studies have mentioned that health care workers do not adhere to this properly. Poor hand hygiene compliance has been one of the leading contributory factors to Health Care Acquired Infections (HCAIs). Reasons for low hand hygiene adherence include location of sinks in an inconvenient place, tight work schedule, reluctance as well as lack of role models and not being aware of implementation guidelines. Aim: To analyze the awareness of hand hygiene among health care workers in a hospital set-up for infection control. The goal of the study is to get a better insight of and explore the knowledge and awareness on hand hygiene among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital. Objective: To find out the lacunae in hand hygiene and to formulate and take measures to prevent HAIs and multidrug-resistant pathogens. Methods: The study was done through a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 134 people participated which included 75 doctors (56%), 38 nurses (28.4%), 11 lab technicians (8.2%) and others (7.4%). The overall response was good. Both the nurses and doctors had adequate knowledge about hand hygiene. However, the nurses had better knowledge regarding the steps of hand wash (78.9%) and the disposal of biomedical waste (94.7%). The knowledge about hand hygiene and biomedical waste management was better among nurses and lab technicians. Conclusion: Most health professionals had adequate knowledge about hand hygiene. However, they did not have adequate practice of handwashing which can be initiated with effective training. Antimicrobial soap should be available and should be easily accessible for routine hand wash in all patient care areas to improve hand hygiene and to prevent hospital acquired infections.
Studies of genetic parameters for productive traits in early maturing sugarcane clones and selection of superior clones

In an experiment, 16 early maturing sugarcane clones along with 2 checks were planted in Randomized Block Design with three replications during spring season 2016-17 at Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar to study the genetic parameters for productive traits in early maturing sugarcane clones and select the superior clones. The productive traits under studied were germination percentage at 45 & 90 days after planting (DAP), number of shoots at 120 & 240 DAP (000/ha), plant height at 150 days, 240 days (cm) & 300 days(at harvest), cane diameter (cm), fibre per cent, single cane weight (kg), number of millable cane (000/ha), juice quality traits viz , brix, pol & purity per cent at 8 & 10 th months stage, respectively, CCS per cent, cane and sugar yield (tonne/ha) at harvest. Analysis of variance revealed that highly significant differences among the clones for all the productive traits under study. Maximum range was found for the trait plant height at 150 days followed by plant height at 240 days and cane yield. The phenotypic coefficient of variance was greater than genotypic coefficient of variance for all the traits. The traits namely, cane yield, sugar yield, single cane weight, number of shoots at 120 DAP, cane diameter and germination percentage at 90 DAP showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean. On the basis of per se performance of six productive traits the clones namely, CoP 15437, CoP 14436 CoP 11437, CoLk 12207 and CoP 12437 were selected as superior early maturing genotypes. All these clones can be utilized by the farmers as well as Sugar Factories to get high yield and high sugar in early phage of crushing and also its can be further utilization for sugarcane crop improvement programme.
Investigation of the oxide-assisted growth mechanism for nanowire growth and a model for this mechanism

Oxide-assisted growth (OAG) mechanism produces high-density nonowires (NWs). Salient features of the existing models for this OAG mechanism and the fundamentals underlying this mechanism have been investigated in some detail. A simple, novel, malleable model for the OAG mechanism has been developed, and the concept of droplet used to develop this model has been articulated. The concept takes into consideration the size-dependent melting temperature depression. Two important elements of the model are (1) the attraction between the vapor-phase NW species and the droplet species, which leads to landing of the NW species on the droplet surface, and (2) the diffusion of the NW species through the droplet species to the liquid/solid interface, which leads to supersaturation and nucleation. The present investigation, together with our model, indicates that the assistance of a suitable oxide, the formation of nanoclusters/seeds, and the creation of droplets are all central to the OAG mechanism, which is essential.
Clinical profile and seroepidemiology of scrub typhus and its concurrent infections associated with other tropical fevers: a two-year study from a tertiary care centre in North India

Scrub typhus is a re-emerging acute infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (formerly classified in genus Rickettsia) widely reported from the ‘Tsutsugamushi triangle’, which includes broad areas of South and South-eastern Asia, the Asian Pacific Rim and northern Australia. It is an acute infectious disease of varying severity, transmitted by mites belonging to the Trombiculidae family. Clinical diagnosis of scrub typhus is very difficult in the early stages of the illness due to many factors like low index of suspicion, nonspecific signs and symptoms and lack of diagnostic facilities. Scrub typhus has recently re-emerged as an important cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) in many parts of India, especially during the monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Out of the 29 states in India, twenty three have reported the presence of scrub typhus. With the changing epidemiology of scrub typhus and the constraints in the diagnosis, it is very important to get familiar with the clinical and laboratory parameters of Scrub typhus, so as to differentiate it from other aetiologies of AFI.
Assessment of Urinalysis Reflex to Culture Criteria: Impact on Antimicrobial Usage

Objectives: To assess the predictive value of the urinalysis (UA) reflex criteria’s parameters and to evaluate the criteria’s impact on antimicrobial usage Methods: A prospective study using laboratory data was conducted on inpatient urine samples with orders placed for Urinalysis Reflex Culture (UARC) in a 400-bed acute care hospital. A total of 4016 urine samples were collected and examined between February and April 2020. The UA results were then subjected to the laboratory UA reflex criteria for reflecting UA to culture. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized in evaluating the effectiveness of the criteria’s parameters to predict positive urine cultures Results: The total number of the positive UA reflex samples was 1539, which accounted for 38.3% of all the UA samples. Moreover, those positive UA samples were reflexed to urine cultures. Among the urine samples that were cultured, 45.1% (n = 694) were negative urine cultures while 54.9% (n = 845) were positive urine cultures. The UA reflex criterion was associated with positive predictive values for positive urine cultures between 26.30% and 92.96%. Conclusions: The current Laboratory UA reflex criterion is not highly effective in predicting positive urine culture, thus potentially leading to the inappropriate antimicrobial usage.