Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Diagnostics of Nanoflare-heated Loops

To evaluate the usefulness of spectroscopic techniques for diagnosing realistic solar plasmas and to better understand the physical origin of coronal heating, we have simulated observations of model coronal loops that are heated randomly and impulsively by nanoflares. We find that the emission measures, densities, and filling factors that are inferred from spectral line intensities (EMs, ns, and ϕs, respectively) are generally an excellent representation of the properties of the nanoflare-heated plasma. To better than 25% in most cases, EMs indicates the amount of material present in the Δ log T = 0.3 temperature interval centered on the peak of the line contribution function, ns indicates the average density of this material, and ϕs indicates the fraction of the total volume that the material occupies. Measurements with lithium-like lines are much less accurate, however. We provide diagnostic values and line intensities for many different spectral lines that can be compared directly with observations from the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer and Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation instruments on SOHO and from the future Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer instrument on Solar-B. Such comparisons will provide the first ever rigorous test of the nanoflare concept, which has enormous implications for understanding the mechanism of coronal heating.
Interval State and Unknown Inputs Estimation for Linear Time-Invariant Systems

This paper deals with a set membership approach to design an Unknown Input Interval Observer for uncertain Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) continuous-time systems. The goal is to compute lower and upper bounds for unmeasured state as well as unknown inputs. The bounds are guaranteed under the assumption that external disturbances and noises are bounded with a priori known bounds. The proposed interval observer structure is based on decoupling the unknown input effect on the state dynamics by solving algebraic constraints on the estimation errors. Numerical simulations on a 5th-order lateral axis model of a fixed-wing aircraft are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique.
High frequency of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae fecal carriage among ICU hospitalized patients from Southern Iran

Objective(s): The worldwide emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has become a major therapeutic concern to medical institutions. To date, no study has determined the frequency and risk factors of inpatients with CRE fecal carriage in Southern Iran. We studied the features of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) collected from the central ICU of a university hospital. Materials and Methods: Totally, 173 samples, including 124 stool samples from 46 ICU inpatients on admission and different follow-ups, 9 ICU staff, and 40 environmental samples were included. CRE was identified using microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was investigated by using the disk diffusion method and E-test. Carbapenemase producers were detected using the mCIM method. Seven carbapenemase genes were characterized. The genetic relationship among 20 CPE was elucidated by PFGE. Results: The overall fecal carriage rate was 28.2%, while CRE acquisition was 6.1%. CRE were classified as Klebsiella pneumoniae (71.4%), Escherichia coli (23.8%), and Enterobacter aerogenes (4.8%). From 21 CRE, 20 (95.2%) produced carbapenemases, of which 10, 15, 10, 25, 5, and 65% were blaKPC, blaSME, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM and blaOXA-48-positive, respectively. Out of 20 CPE, 14 different PFGE patterns were observed, categorized into six clusters, suggestive of non-clonal spread. No difference between the examined risk factors with CRE carriage was shown. Conclusion: The data indicate a high CRE fecal carriage rate among inpatients. Our findings implicate the widespread of OXA-48 carbapenemase together with heterogeneity among CRE with great concern for dissemination and therapeutic threat. Early diagnosis and monitoring of CRE among inpatients are urgent.
CONTEXT-DEPENDENT SEXUAL CHANGES DURING WOMEN’S MIDLIFE TRANSITIONS

Abstract For women, midlife represents an important stage of transition, including shifts in physiological, social, and sexual experiences. Prior research demonstrates that women’s sexuality is more dynamic and context-dependent than men’s. Most research focused on women’s sexuality in mid- to later-life emphasizes physiological changes, while largely ignoring changes stemming from social, psychological, and relational contexts. The present study examined midlife women’s diverse sexual experiences within the context of their lives. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 27 women, ages 39–57, and used interpretative phenomenological analysis to investigate perceptions and interpretations of midlife sexual experiences and changes. Themes included changes in sexual engagement, unwanted sexual experiences, body image, and sexual healthcare. Participants reported changes in the frequency of sex and sexual desire within the context of their diverse social roles and identities, prior intimate relationships, and sexual health. Women contrasted perceptions of their own bodies with societal perceptions of sexiness. Frequently reported negative experiences with sexual healthcare informed a distrust of healthcare systems. The diverse and changing nature of participants’ experiences supports prior evidence of sexual fluidity and context-dependence. By questioning societal expectations around sexuality and body image, participants illustrated the potential of counternarratives to combat dominant beliefs and stereotypes about midlife women’s sexuality. To improve sexual health and education, psychoeducational interventions for women in midlife are needed.
TGFβ+ small extracellular vesicles from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells reprogram macrophages towards a pro‐angiogenic phenotype

Abstract Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a major component of tumor‐derived small extracellular vesicles (TEX) in cancer patients. Mechanisms utilized by TGFβ+ TEX to promote tumor growth and pro‐tumor activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are largely unknown. TEX produced by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines carried TGFβ and angiogenesis‐promoting proteins. TGFβ+ TEX stimulated macrophage chemotaxis without a notable M1/M2 phenotype shift and reprogrammed primary human macrophages to a pro‐angiogenic phenotype characterized by the upregulation of pro‐angiogenic factors and functions. In a murine basement membrane extract plug model, TGFβ+ TEX promoted macrophage infiltration and vascularization (p < 0.001), which was blocked by using the TGFβ ligand trap mRER (p < 0.001). TGFβ+ TEX injected into mice undergoing the 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4‐NQO)‐driven oral carcinogenesis promoted tumor angiogenesis (p < 0.05), infiltration of M2‐like macrophages in the TME (p < 0.05) and ultimately tumor progression (p < 0.05). Inhibition of TGFβ signaling in TEX with mRER ameliorated these pro‐tumor activities. Silencing of TGFβ emerges as a critical step in suppressing pro‐angiogenic functions of TEX in HNSCC.
Socioeconomic disparities in diabetes prevalence and management among the adult population in Bangladesh

Background Diabetes, one of the major metabolic disorders, is rising in Bangladesh. Studies indicate there is inequality in prevalence and care-seeking behavior, which requires further exploration to understand the socioeconomic disparities in the pathophysiology of diabetes. This study examined the latest nationally representative estimates of diabetes prevalence, awareness, and management among adults aged 18 years and above in Bangladesh and its association with socioeconomic status in 2017–18. Methods We used the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. Diabetic status of 12,092 adults aged 18 years and above was measured in the survey using fasting plasma glucose levels. We applied multivariate logistic regressions to examine the role of socioeconomic status on diabetes prevalence, awareness, and management, after controlling for relevant covariates. Results Overall, 10% of adults had diabetes in Bangladesh in 2017–18, with the highest prevalence of 16% in the age group 55−64 years. Our analyses found statistically significant disparities by socioeconomic status in the prevalence of diabetes as well as the person’s awareness of his/her diabetic condition. However, the effect of socioeconomic status on receiving anti-diabetic medication only approached significance (p = 0.07), and we found no significant association between socioeconomic status and control of diabetes. Conclusions We expect to see an ‘accumulation’ of the number of people with diabetes to continue in the coming years. The rising prevalence of diabetes is only the tip of an iceberg; a large number of people with uncontrolled diabetes and a lack of awareness of their condition will lead to increased morbidity and mortality, and that could be the real threat. Immediate measures to increase screening coverage and exploration of poor control of diabetes are required to mitigate the situation.
Systematic ab initio investigation of bare boron clusters:mDetermination of the geometryand electronic structures of B n (n=2–14)

Based on {ital ab initio} quantum-chemical methods, accurate calculations on small boron clusters B{sub n} (n=2{endash}14) were carried out to determine their electronic and geometric structures. The geometry optimization with a linear search of local minima on the potential-energy surface was performed using analytical gradients in the framework of the restricted Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field approach. Most of the final structures of the boron clusters (n{gt}9) are composed of two fundamental units: either of hexagonal or of pentagonal pyramids. Proposing an {open_quotes}Aufbau principle{close_quotes} one can easily construct various highly stable boron species. The resulting quasiplanar and convex structures can be considered as fragments of planar surfaces and as segments of nanotubes or hollow spheres, respectively. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Retrospective multicenter registry for endovascular treatment with newer devices in over 25‐cm femoropopliteal artery disease: A retrospective observational study

Endovascular therapy (EVT) is recommended in femoropopliteal (FP) lesions shorter than 25 cm by current guidelines; however, diffuse FP lesions remains challenging for EVT. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of EVT with the latest devices for FP lesions longer than 25 cm.
Super‐simple holey Steiner pentagon systems and related designs

A Steiner pentagon system of order v (SPS(v)) is said to be super‐simple if its underlying (v, 5, 2)‐BIBD is super‐simple; that is, any two blocks of the BIBD intersect in at most two points. It is well known that the existence of a holey Steiner pentagon system (HSPS) of type T implies the existence of a (5, 2)‐GDD of type T. We shall call an HSPS of type T super‐simple if its underlying (5, 2)‐GDD of type T is super‐simple; that is, any two blocks of the GDD intersect in at most two points. The existence of HSPSs of uniform type hn has previously been investigated by the authors and others. In this article, we focus our attention on the existence of super‐simple HSPSs of uniform type hn. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 301–328, 2008
EVOLUTION OF OPTICAL PENUMBRAL AND SHEAR FLOWS ASSOCIATED WITH THE X3.4 FLARE OF 2006 DECEMBER 13

The rapid and irreversible decay of penumbrae related to X-class flares has been found in a number of studies. Since the optical penumbral flows are closely associated with the morphology of sunspot penumbra, we use state-of-the-art Hinode data to track penumbral flows in flaring active regions as well as shear flows close to the flaring neutral line. This paper concentrates on AR 10930 around the time of an X3.4 flare on 2006 December 13. We utilize the seeing-free solar optical telescope G-band data as a tracer to obtain the horizontal component of the penumbral and shear flows by local correlation tracking, and Stokes-V data to register positive and negative magnetic elements along the magnetic neutral line. We find that: (1) an obvious penumbral decay appears in this active region intimately associated with the X3.4 flare; (2) the mean magnitude of the horizontal speeds of the penumbral flows within the penumbral decay areas temporally and spatially varies from 0.6 to 1.1 km s−1; (3) the penumbral flow decreases before the flare eruption in two of the four penumbral decay areas; (4) the mean shear flows along the magnetic neutral line of this δ-sunspot started to decrease before the flare and continue to decrease for another hour after the flare. The magnitude of this flow apparently dropped from 0.6 to 0.3 km s−1. We propose that the decays of the penumbra and the penumbral flow are related to the magnetic rearrangement involved in the coronal mass ejection/flare events.
The effect of static many-body local-field corrections to inelastic electron scattering in condensed media

We present a manageable approach to include, within the context of optical-data models of the dielectric response function, exchange and correlation (XC) effects in inelastic electron scattering, thus, going beyond the standard random-phase approximation (RPA). The many-body local-field correction in its static limit, G(q), is employed to incorporate XC effects to all orders in q at both the level of “screening” and the level of “scattering” by computing the so-called test-charge–test-charge (t–t), electron–test-charge (e–t), and electron–electron (e–e) dielectric functions. Some of the most used analytic approximations for G(q) are examined, ranging from the early Hubbard-like expressions to more recent parameterized formulations that satisfy some of the known asymptotic limits. The effect of the different G(q) models upon the inelastic scattering of low-medium energy electrons in condensed matter is examined using solid (amorphous) carbon as an example. It is shown that when XC corrections at all levels.
Combined heat and mass transfer in magneto‐micropolar fluid flow from radiate surface with variable permeability in slip‐flow regime

An analysis is presented to study the effects of radiation on the hydromagnetic free convection flow (set up due to temperature as well as species concentration) of an electrically conducting micropolar fluid past a vertical porous plate through porous medium in slip‐flow regime. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendiculary to the porous surface which absorbs the micropolar fluid with variable suction velocity. The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in energy equation. The numerical results of velocity distribution of micropolar fluids are compared with the corresponding flow problems for a Newtonian fluid. Assuming variable permeability of the medium, numerical results are presented graphically in the form of velocity, micro rotation, and temperature profiles for different material parameters entering into the analysis. Also, the results of the skin‐friction coefficient, the couple stress coefficient, the rate of heat and mass transfers at the wall are discussed with the help of figures.
Partitioning variance in immune traits in a zooplankton host—Fungal parasite system

Abstract Host immune traits arise from both genetic and environmental sources of variation. When immune traits have a strong genetic basis, the presence and severity of disease in a population may influence the distribution of those traits. Our study addressed how two immune‐related traits (gut penetrability and the hemocyte response) are shaped by genetic and environmental sources of variation, and how the presence of a virulent disease altered the relative frequency of these traits in natural populations. Daphnia dentifera hosts were sampled from five Indiana lakes between June and December 2017 before and during epidemics of their fungal pathogen, Metschnikowia bicuspidata. Collected Daphnia were experimentally exposed to Metschnikowia and assayed for their gut penetrability, hemocyte response, and multi‐locus genotype. Mixed‐effects models were constructed to partition variance in immune traits between genetic and environmental sources. We then isolated the genetic sources to produce genotype‐specific estimates of immune traits for each multi‐locus genotype. Finally, we assessed the relative frequency and dynamics of genotypes during epidemics and asked whether genotypes with more robust immune responses increased in frequency during epidemics. Although genotype was an important source of variation for both gut penetrability and the hemocyte response, environmental factors (e.g., resource availability, Metschnikowia prevalence, and co‐infection) still explained a large portion of observed variation, suggesting a high degree of flexibility in Daphnia immune traits. Additionally, no significant associations were detected between a genotype's immune traits and its frequency in a population. Our study highlights the power of variance partitioning in understanding the factors driving variation in Daphnia traits and motivates further research on immunological flexibility and the ecological drivers of immune variation.
Reference and Representation in Translation: a Look Into the Translator's Resources

This study investigates the effect of schematic knowledge on the appropriateness and communicative acceptability of the translation rendered of four ambiguous contextless texts. The four texts (a road sign and three advertisements) were translated in two separate sessions by twenty-eight students pursuing a B.A. in English language and literature. In the first session, the students were provided with the texts decontextualized: while in the second they were provided with the same texts in the contexts they usually occur in. In the two sessions the students were asked to explain in a separate sheet why thev translated each text in the way they did. Two notions, closely related to the translating process, are discussed in the analysis of the translation provided. These notions are "reference" and "representation". The analysis has shown that the student translators resorted to referential strategies in the process of translating when they were aware of the relevant contextual dimensions of the target text. Their translations in this case retained the registral, rhetorical, and formal characteristics of the types of texts they translated. The analysis has also shown that when unaware of the pertinent contextual dimensions of the text, the student translators resorted to representational (introspective) strategies whereby contexts and world realities deriving from experiences and worlds other than those intended by the SL text producer were created, and the translations bore rhetorical, registral, and syntactic features relevant to the contexts and world realities the translators created.
Topology of pair-sphere trajectories in finite inertia suspension shear flow and its effects on microstructure and rheology

The relative motion of pairs of spheres in finite inertia shear flow is examined. The pair relative trajectory is studied, using lattice-Boltzmann simulation, both for pairs which are isolated and for pairs in suspension of solid volume fraction of ϕ ≤ 0.3. For the suspension, the average trajectory and aspects of its dispersion are considered. For neutrally buoyant particles in simple-shear flow, particle-scale inertia is represented by a Reynolds number Re=ργa2μ, where γ is the shear rate, a is the particle radius, and ρ and μ are the density and viscosity of the Newtonian suspending fluid. The pair trajectories in a dilute inertial suspension have the same basic features as the streamlines around an isolated particle at similar Re: reversing, in-plane and off-plane spiraling, and open but fore-aft asymmetric trajectories are observed. The origin of the off-plane spirals is examined in detail in this work. The average pair trajectory space in a suspension of finite volume fraction is found to be quali.
Unfolding of higher-order wave dislocations

Wave dislocation reactions, for example, one dislocation splitting into three, are organized by dislocations of higher order. A reaction can be regarded as an unfolding of a higher-order dislocation, rather as singularities in catastrophe theory unfold into clusters of lower-order ones. The paper lists the forms of the first few higher-order wave dislocations. It shows how the reaction reported by Karman [Opt. Lett.22, 1503 (1997)], in which an Airy dark ring surrounding a focus splits into three, followed by the annihilation of an inner fourth ring by the central ring, is part of the unfolding of a fourth-order dislocation.
Effect of Caffeine on Colonic Manometry in Children

Objectives: Coffee and caffeinated products have been widely consumed for many centuries. Previous adult studies have suggested that both coffee and decaffeinated beverages induce colonic motility. However, no study has been conducted in pediatrics, and the role of caffeine alone in pediatric colonic motility needs to be explored. Methods: A prospective study of pediatric patients undergoing standard colonic motility testing that were able to consume caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeine tablet during colonic manometry. Patients who had a gastrocolonic reflex and high amplitude propagated contractions (HAPCs) in response to intraluminal administration of bisacodyl in the colon were included in the final analyses. Results: Thirty-eight patients were recruited, 22 of which were excluded, 11 due to abnormal studies (no HAPC seen in response to intraluminal response to bisacodyl), and 11 due to inability to consume all study agents or complete the study. Sixteen patients met criteria for final analyses. Intracolonic bisacodyl produced a larger area under the curve (AUC) compared to all other agents. Caffeinated coffee resulted in a higher AUC, motility index (MI), and time to HAPC compared with decaffeinated coffee (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between caffeinated coffee and caffeine tablet, or caffeine tablet and decaffeinated coffee. Conclusions: Caffeine is indeed a colonic stimulant; however, other components of caffeinated and non-caffeinated beverages likely induce colonic response and require further evaluation for possible use as a colonic stimulant.
Critical Assessment of Dual-Bell Nozzles

A critical assessment of dual-bell nozzles is given in this paper. The principal flow field development in dual-bell nozzles, as well as design aspects for the contour of the base nozzle, the wall inflection, and the nozzle extension are discussed. Special regard is focused on the transition behavior from sea level to altitude operation and its dependence on the contour type used for the nozzle extension. Parametric numerical simulations of the flowfield development were performed to quantify the different loss effects. It is shown that the additional performance losses caused by the dual-bell nozzle contour are surprisingly low. An analytical derivation of the flow transients from the separated to the fully attached flow is presented. The necessity of further experimental investigations on dual-bell nozzles is emphasized, which will lead to a better understanding of the flow transition in dual-bell nozzles. Finally, new ideas are presented to minimize the duration of the critical flow transition by varying the thrust chamber pressure on system level, to ensure a sudden and controlled jump of the separation point from the wall inflection (sea-level operation) to the exit plane (altitude operation).