Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the complex burial history of the Antrim formation in Michigan basin using paleomagnetism, rock magnetism and geochemistry

This paper presents an integrated paleomagnetic, rock magnetic and geochemical study of the Devonian Antrim shale in the Michigan Basin. Specimens were obtained from two unoriented vertical cores (named St. Chester and Krocker) and sampled relative to a master specimen orientation line. Alternating field (AF) demagnetization experiments isolated a lower coercivity component (LC) from 0 to ∼60 mT in the Krocker core and corresponds to a Jurassic (170 Ma ± 25) magnetization. Higher coercivity components (HC) in the Krocker core are unblocked from ∼60 to 120 mT and unlike LC components, occasionally exhibit stable unblocking temperature ranges (e.g., 150–450°C) and higher AF demagnetization ranges (∼60–120 mT). HC components in the Krocker core are unique to certain members within the Antrim shale with a poorly resolved Middle Permian/Late Triassic magnetization in the Paxton member and Late Pennsylvanian (305 Ma ± 10) component in the Norwood. The St. Chester well exhibited a LC component among all specimens with a slightly older (205 Ma ± 10) than the Krocker core. Rock magnetic parameters indicate the magnetization resides in PSD/SD magnetite in both HC and LC components. Overall, the magnetizations are interpreted to be chemical remanent magnetizations (CRMs) with the HC component residing in SD magnetite which formed during hydrothermal activity in both cores. The LC component likely resides in PSD/MD magnetite and is interpreted to have formed in response to fluid flow associated with tectonic uplift and/or hydrocarbon migration. Petrographic observations indicate mineral assemblages consistent with hydrothermal mineralization (e.g., baroque dolomite). Depleted δ18O data from carbonate fractures are consistent with a hydrothermal fluid magnetization mechanism. Consistent anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) lineations indicates either a long-lived paleocurrent direction or far-field tectonic shortening originating from the neighboring Acadian orogeny. Inorganic geochemistry indicate that paramagnetic Fe-rich clays carry the AMS signal. Lastly, an evaluation of the origin of chalcopyrite and monazite is performed through provenance analysis. These minerals are attributed to hydrothermal mineralization however, strong evidence suggests that some fraction of these grains were sourced from the Michigan Peninsula.
Adjuvant chemotherapy may improve long-term outcomes in stage IB non-small cell lung cancer patients with previous malignancies: A propensity score-matched analysis

Background Routine administration of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. To our knowledge, no available studies have assessed the outcomes of chemotherapy in patients with stage IB NSCLC who had prior malignancies. Methods Patients with pathological stage IB NSCLC with previous malignancies who underwent surgery between 2004 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The patients were categorized into chemotherapy and observation group based on whether they received adjuvant chemotherapy. Propensity score matching was performed to reduce confounding bias, and Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to compare overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) between the two groups. Subgroup analyses of the matched cohorts were then conducted to evaluate the relationship between clinical features and chemotherapy. Results A total of 894 eligible patients were identified; 90 (10.1%) patients received postoperative chemotherapy. Patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy obtained obvious OS benefits compared with those who received observation alone (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.97, P = 0.031). In addition, the 5-year OS rate and median OS time in the chemotherapy group were higher and longer, respectively. Although chemotherapy offered no obvious benefits for CSS (HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.57–1.14, P = 0.35), patients who received chemotherapy showed a better 5-year CSS rate. On subgroup analyses, a chemotherapy advantage was observed in advanced age (≥65 years, HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.38–0.99, P = 0.045). The same chemotherapy advantages were observed in patients diagnosed with higher histological grades (poorly differentiated to undifferentiated) (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33–0.96, P = 0.033) and tumor sizes >3.1–4 cm (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37–0.87, P = 0.010). Interestingly, NSCLC patients with previous malignancies originating from the kidney and bladder (HR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12–0.99, P = 0.049) showed a chemotherapy advantage. The same chemotherapy advantages were observed in patients diagnosed with NSCLC within 3 to 5 years after prior cancers (HR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16–0.98, P = 0.044) and with localized SEER stage of prior cancers (HR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29–0.86, P = 0.012). Conclusion These findings indicate that adjuvant chemotherapy may improve long-term outcomes for stage IB NSCLC patients with previous malignancies. It is recommended that physicians consider the clinical features of previous cancers when making adjuvant chemotherapy decisions for these patients.
Concordance of the treatment patterns for major depressive disorders between the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) algorithm and real-world practice in China

Background: Antidepressant (AD) algorithm is an important tool to support treatment decision-making and improve management of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about its concordance with real-world practice. This study aimed to assess the concordance between the longitudinal treatment patterns and AD algorithm recommended by a clinical practice guideline in China. Methods: Data were obtained from the electronic medical records of Shanghai Mental Health Center (SMHC), one of the largest mental health institutions in China. We examined the concordance between clinical practice and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) algorithm among a cohort composed of 19,955 MDD patients. The longitudinal characteristics of treatment regimen and duration were described to identify the specific inconsistencies. Demographics and health utilizations of the algorithm-concordant and -discordant subgroups with optimized treatment were measured separately. Results: The overall proportion of algorithm-concordant treatment significantly increased from 84.45% to 86.03% during the year of 2015–2017. Among the patients who received recommended first-line drugs with subsequent optimized treatment (n = 2977), the concordance proportion was 27.24%. Mirtazapine and trazodone were the most used drugs for adjunctive strategy. Inadequate or extended duration before optimized treatment are common inconsistency. The median length of follow-up for algorithm-concordant (n = 811) and algorithm-discordant patients (n = 2166) were 153 days (Q1-Q3 = 79–328) and 368 days (Q1-Q3 = 181–577) respectively, and the average number of clinical visits per person-year was 13.07 and 13.08 respectively. Conclusion: Gap existed between clinical practice and AD algorithm. Improved access to evidence-based treatment is required, especially for optimized strategies during outpatient follow-up.
Depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: Focusing on pathogenesis and treatment

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent gynecological endocrine conditions affecting reproductive women. It can feature a variety of symptoms, such as obesity, insulin resistance, skin conditions, and infertility. Women with PCOS are susceptible to illnesses including mood disorders, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Among them, depression is the most common in PCOS and has a detrimental effect on quality of life. Depression may occasionally develop due to the pathological traits of PCOS, but its exact pathogenesis in PCOS have eluded researchers to date. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the pathogenesis and treatments of depression in PCOS. The present review discusses the epidemiology of depression in PCOS, potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying PCOS and depression, as well as some potential factors causing depression in PCOS, including obesity, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, inflammation, and infertility. Meanwhile, some common treatment strategies for depression in PCOS, such as lifestyle intervention, acupuncture, oral contraceptive pills, psychological intervention, and insulin-sensitizer, are also reviewed. To fully understand the pathogenesis and treatment of depression in PCOS, a need remains for future large-scale multi-center randomized controlled trials and in-depth mechanism studies.
The strengthening relationship between summer rainfall over North China and PDO since the mid-2000s

The interdecadal change of the summer (July–August) rainfall over North China (SRNC) is of great concern to the climate research community. Based on the sliding correlation and interdecadal difference analysis, the interdecadal change of SRNC was studied. Results show a significantly wetter period of SRNC since the mid-2000s, which was associated with strengthening negative relationship between SRNC and PDO. PDO affected the SRNC through the jet stream in the upper-level and the East Asia–Pacific (EAP) teleconnection pattern. In the negative phase of the PDO since the mid-2000s, the contractive upper-level jet stream in the west of North China resulted in the abnormal updraft over the southern region of North China. Meanwhile, the positive phase of the EAP teleconnection pattern brought warm and wet southeast flow entering North China from its eastern boundary, both bringing more rainfall in North China. The abnormal water vapor transport from the western Pacific was very different from that accompanying the East Asian summer monsoon.
Is the Halting problem effectively solvable non-algorithmically, and is the Goedel sentence in NP, but not in P?

We consider the thesis that an arithmetical relation, which holds for any, given, assignment of natural numbers to its free variables, is Turing-decidable if, and only if, it is the standard representation of a PA-provable formula. We show that, classically, such a thesis is, both, unverifiable and irrefutable, and, that it implies the Turing Thesis is false; that Goedel's arithmetical predicate R(x), treated as a Boolean function, is in the complexity class NP, but not in P; and that the Halting problem is effectively solvable, albeit not algorithmically.
Effect of spacing and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and economics of fodder maize ( Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2017-18 on medium black soil at Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) to study the effect of spacing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of fodder maize. Twelve treatment combinations consisted of three spacing viz . , S 1 :20cm, S 2 :30cm and S 3 :40cm; and four levels of nitrogen viz . , N 1 :00 kg N ha -1 , N 2 :80 kg N ha -1 , N 3 : 100 kg N ha -1 and N 4 : 120 kg N ha -1 were tested under split plot design with four replications. The experimental results revealed that sowing of fodder maize at wider row spacing of 40 cm recorded significantly higher values of number of leaves plant -1 , number of internodes plant -1 , stem thickness and length of internodes. Whereas, narrow row spacing of 20 cm produced higher green and dry fodder yields along with higher gross and net returns. Almost all the growth and yield attributes, green and dry fodder yields were found significantly higher when crop was fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 followed by 100 kg N ha -1 . Maximum gross and net return as well as B:C ratio were observed under 120 kg N ha -1 .
THE IMPACT OF ENDO-XYLANASES TO THE BAKING FUNCTIONALITY WHEN USING NEWLY HARVESTED WHOLEGRAIN RYE

Bakeries suffer from yearly quality problems in texture of rye bread during the first two to three months after harvest when using newly harvested rye. A cave on the top of the bread below the crust is a typical defect and so are the large holes just under the crust. Previous studies indicate that the endo-xylanase activity decreases over time in the appropriate storage conditions after harvesting. The aim of this Master’s thesis was to understand the impact of the possible difference in the endo-xylanase activity in the newly harvested rye compared to 10 weeks stored rye, on the bread texture properties. The growing conditions were exceptionally dry and hot for the grain samples in this study that might have affected the results. There were six different rye samples from four different locations in Lithuania, Estonia and Finland. The hypothesis in this study was that the decrease in the endo-xylanase activity during the first months after harvest has an impact on the rye baking functionality. The endo-xylanases in a newly harvested rye flour hydrolyze the arabinoxylans in the rye doughs more efficiently compared to the rye which is stored for 10 weeks causing the breakdown of rye bread structure. The xylanase activity, α-amylase activity, fiber content and ash content of the flour samples were analyzed. Furthermore, the texture and specific volume of the bread samples were analyzed. As expected, the xylanase activity decreased over time in the storage according to the swelling number results. There was a decrease in the endo-xylanase activity, but the decrease was not significant. Despite of the decrease in the xylanase activity over time, the sensory evaluation results did not show any significant differences in the texture of the breads baked with the fresh flour samples compared to 10 weeks stored flour samples. The crumb hardness as well as the chewiness of the breads correlated negatively with the swelling curve and endo-xylanase activity results. The breads baked with the 10 weeks stored flour samples were harder compared to the ones baked with fresh flours. There was a positive correlation between the specific volume and the swelling number results as well as between the specific volume and the endo-xylanase activity results. These results confirm that the xylanase activity decreases over time in the stored grains and the decrease in the xylanase activity results in an increase in crumb hardness and decrease in specific volume of the breads.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND INCOME SMOOTHING “CASE OF THE EGYPTIAN LISTED COMPANIES”

The main goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between income smoothing and corporate governance . Using the financial information of listed companies in EGX100 in the Egyptian stock exchange. The Paper first distinguishes between false financial statements and non-false financial statements based on Eckel index. The paper then builds a corporate governance index based on corporate responsibility index after required modifications, of 57companies listed in the Egyptian stock exchange. The financial information of the companies was examined during the period 2007 to 2012. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were applied to the collected information. For the univariate tests the researchers compare the (CGI) and control variables (Size, ROE, and Sales) across the false financial statement and the non-false financial statement. The results show a significant difference between the means of the two panel sets. In addition to the univariate tests the researchers also use a multivariate logit model to test the hypotheses. The results proved to be inconsistent with the univariate analysis results, reflecting insignificant negative relationship between Ekcle index and all other control variables.
The health and well-being of an ACO population.

OBJECTIVES To identify opportunities to improve the health and well-being of members of HealthPartners, a health plan based in Minnesota. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of insurance claims, death records, and survey data. METHODS We calculated a current health score from insurance claims and death records for all 754,584 members 18 years and older who met inclusion and exclusion criteria for the period January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015, and/or January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016. Adjusting responses to represent the member population, we calculated a future health score based on 7 items and a 1-item well-being score from survey data that we collected between July 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016. RESULTS Forty-four percent of the loss to the current health score among HealthPartners members is attributable to musculoskeletal, psychosocial, and neurologic conditions. Among the 7 components of the future health score, the greatest opportunity for improvement (31% of the total potential) is increasing dietary fruits and vegetables. Although 42% of the members reported high levels of well-being, 14% reported low levels. On average, members with the lowest levels of well-being were insured by a Medicaid product and had low educational achievement. CONCLUSIONS By applying the summary measures of health and well-being to the HealthPartners member population, we identified opportunities to address conditions that created a high burden on current health, opportunities to improve prospects for future health, and subpopulations who would benefit from interventions that would increase their sense of well-being.
Anisotropic charge dynamics in detwinned Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2

We investigate the optical conductivity with light polarized along the in-plane orthorhombic a and b axes of Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As2 for x=0 and 2.5% under uniaxial pressure across their structural and magnetic transitions. The charge dynamics at low frequencies and temperatures on these detwinned, single-domain samples reveals an enhancement of both the scattering rate and Drude weight of the charge carriers along the antiferromagnetic a-axis with respect to the ferromagnetic b-axis. Our findings also allow us to estimate the dichroism, which extends to high frequencies and temperatures. These results reveal a nematic susceptibility as well as the electronic nature of the structural transition.
Metric structures associated to Finsler metrics

AbstractWe investigate the relation between weighted quasi-metric Spaces and FinslerSpaces. We show that the induced metric of a Randers space with reversiblegeodesics is a weighted quasi-metric space. 1 Introductionand Motivation Riemannian spaces can be represented as metric spaces. Indeed, for a Riemannian space(M,a) we can deﬁne the induced metric space (M,d α ), with the metricd α : M× M→ [0,∞), d α (x,y) := inf γ∈Γ xy Z ba α(γ(t),γ˙(t))dt, (1.1)where Γ xy := {γ: [a,b] → M| γ(piecewise) C ∞ -curve,γ(a) = x,γ(b) = y} is the set ofcurves joining points xand y, ˙γ(t) := dγ(t)dt the tangent vector to γat γ(t), and α(x,X)the Riemannian norm of the vector X∈ T x M. It is easy to see that d α is a metric on M,i.e. it satisﬁes the axioms:1. Positiveness: d α (x,y) >0 if x6= y, d α (x,x) = 0,2. Symmetry: d α (x,y) = d α (y,x),3. Triangle inequality: d α (x,y) ≤ d α (x,z) +d α (z,y),for any x,y,z∈ M.More general structures than Riemannian ones are Finsler structures (see [BCS00],[S01], [MHSS01] for deﬁnitions). Similarly with the Riemannian case, one can deﬁne the induced metric of a Finslerspace (M,F) byd
Climate change and educational attainment in the global tropics

Significance This paper investigates the linkages between extreme temperature and precipitation in early life and educational attainment among children throughout the global tropics. We find that experiencing higher-than-average temperatures is associated with fewer years of schooling in Southeast Asia, and that early-life rainfall is positively associated with attainment in West and Central Africa and Southeast Asia and negatively associated with education in Central America and the Caribbean. While we expected that children from the most educated households would be buffered from these effects, we discover that they tend to experience the greatest educational penalties when exposed to hotter early-life conditions. These results suggest that climate change could undermine gains in socioeconomic development, particularly among the world’s most vulnerable populations. Climate change may negatively impact education among children via exposure to extreme temperature and precipitation conditions. We link census data from 29 countries across the global tropics to high-resolution gridded climate data to understand how climatic conditions experienced in utero and during early childhood affect educational attainment at ages 12 to 16. We show that exposure to higher-than-average temperatures during the prenatal and early-life period is associated with fewer years of schooling in Southeast Asia. In this region, a child who experiences temperatures 2 SDs above average is predicted to attain 1.5 fewer years of schooling than one who experiences average temperatures. In addition, early-life rainfall is positively correlated with attainment in West and Central Africa as well as Southeast Asia, and negatively correlated with attainment in Central America and the Caribbean. While we expected that children from the most educated households would be buffered from these effects, we discover that they tend to experience the greatest educational penalties when exposed to hotter early-life conditions and, in some regions, to drier conditions. For example, among the most educated households in West and Central Africa, predicted schooling is 1.8 years lower for children who experience early-life rainfall 2 SDs below average versus 2 SDs above average, while the difference is just 0.8 years for children from the least educated households. These results suggest that development and educational gains in the tropics could be undermined by climate change, even for better-off households.
An Extended Kalman Filter for Quaternion-Based Attitude Estimation

Abstract : This thesis develops an extended Kalman filter for real-time estimation of rigid body motion altitude. The filter represents rotations using quaternions rather than Euler angles, which eliminates the long-standing problem of singularities associated with those angles. A process model for rigid body angular motions and angular rate measurements is defined. The process model converts angular rates into quaternion rates, which are in turn integrated to obtain quaternions. The outputs of the model are values of three-dimensional angular rates, three-dimensional linear accelerations, and three-dimensional magnetic field vector. Gauss-Newton iteration is utilized to find the best quaternion that relates the measured linear accelerations and earth magnetic field in the body coordinate frame to calculated values in the earth coordinate frame. The quaternion obtained from the optimization algorithm is used as part of the observations for the Kalman filter. As a result, the measurement equations become linear. A new approach to attitude estimation is introduced in this thesis. The computational requirements related to the extended Kalman filter developed using this approach are significantly reduced, making it possible to estimate attitude in real-time. Extensive static and dynamic simulation of the filter using Matlab proved it to be robust. Test cases included the presence of large initial errors as well as high noise levels. In all cases the filter was able to converge and accurately track attitude.
An alternative method for simulating particle suspensions using lattice Boltzmann

In this study, we propose an alternative way to simulate particle suspensions using the lattice Boltzmann method. The main idea is to impose the non-slip boundary condition in the lattice sites located on the particle boundaries. The focus on the lattice sites, instead of the links between them, as done in the more used methods, represents a great simplification in the algorithm. A fully description of the method will be presented, in addition to simulations comparing the proposed method with other methods and, also, with experimental results.