Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traditional, religious, and cultural perspectives on mental illness: a qualitative study on causal beliefs and treatment use

ABSTRACT Purpose Limited information is known from studies regarding traditional, religious, and cultural perspectives on mental illness and the use of traditional and alternative therapies by mentally ill people in Indonesia. This study explored traditional, religious, and cultural beliefs about causes of mental illness and the use of traditional/alternative treatments for mentally ill patients. Method We adopted a qualitative content analysis method as proposed by Schreier. This study was conducted at a mental Hospital in Indonesia. We interviewed 15 nurses and 15 patients. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis method. Results Five discrete but interrelated themes emerged: 1) Possessed illness and belief in supernatural forces; 2) Sinful or cursed illness; 3) Witchcraft or human-made illness; 4) traditional/alternative treatments; and 5) Barriers to treatment of mental illness. Conclusion Traditional/alternative treatments play an important role in meeting the need for mental health treatment. The findings are relevant for mental health nurses who provide direct to their patients, and for other areas of mental health practice. We also found a lack of knowledge about the causes of mental illness among patients and families. Education should be at the heart of mental health promotion to raise the level of mental health literacy in Indonesia.
Bleeding events among patients concomitantly treated with direct oral anticoagulants and macrolide or fluoroquinolone antibiotics

Fluoroquinolones and macrolides may, due to a potential drug‐drug interaction, increase the concentration of any concomitantly administered direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and thereby increase the risk of severe bleeding. However, clinical evidence for such an effect is scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of fluoroquinolones or macrolides and bleeding events in patients with concomitant DOAC use. This was a nationwide cohort study including 19 288 users of DOACs in 2008‐2018 using information from Swedish national health registers. We compared the incidence of bleeding events associated with use of fluoroquinolones or macrolides using doxycycline as a negative control. Cox regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) in time windows of various length of follow‐up after the start of antibiotic use. The incidence rates for fluoroquinolones and macrolides ranged from 12 to 24 and from 12 to 53 bleeding events per 100 000 patients in the investigated time windows. The aHRs (95% confidence interval) for use of fluoroquinolones and macrolides were 1.29 (0.69‐2.44) and 2.60 (0.74‐9.08) at the concomitant window, 1.31 (0.84‐2.03) and 1.79 (0.75‐4.29) at 30 days, and 1.34 (0.99‐1.82) and 1.28 (0.62‐2.65) at 150 days, respectively. With regard to fluoroquinolones, the present study suggests that the risk of bleeding when combined with DOACs, if any, is small. Codispensation of macrolides in patients on DOACs was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding. However, due to the small number of macrolide users, the results must be interpreted with caution.
Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Infection Severity on Longer-Term Glycemic Control and Weight in People With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severity of infection with longer-term glycemic control and weight in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using longitudinal electronic health record data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). Patients were ≥18 years old with an ICD-10 diagnosis of T2D and at least one HbA1c and weight measurement prior to and after an index date of their first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis or negative SARS-CoV-2 test. We used propensity scores to identify a matched cohort balanced on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and medications used to treat diabetes. The primary outcome was the postindex average HbA1c and postindex average weight over a 1 year time period beginning 90 days after the index date among patients who did and did not have SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondary outcomes were postindex average HbA1c and weight in patients who required hospitalization or mechanical ventilation. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the postindex average HbA1c or weight in patients who had SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with control subjects. Mechanical ventilation was associated with a decrease in average HbA1c after COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS In a multicenter cohort of patients in the U.S. with preexisting T2D, there was no significant change in longer-term average HbA1c or weight among patients who had COVID-19. Mechanical ventilation was associated with a decrease in HbA1c after COVID-19.
Transcranial direct current stimulation leads to faster acquisition of motor skills, but effects are not maintained at retention

Practice is required to improve one’s shooting technique in basketball or to play a musical instrument well. Learning these motor skills may be further enhanced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We aimed to investigate whether tDCS leads to faster attainment of a motor skill, and to confirm prior work showing it improves skill acquisition and retention performance. Fifty-two participants were tested; half received tDCS with the anode on primary motor cortex and cathode on the contralateral forehead while concurrently practicing a sequential visuomotor isometric pinch force task on Day 1, while the other half received sham tDCS during practice. On Day 2, retention of the skill was tested. Results from a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that participants in the anodal group attained a pre-defined target level of skill faster than participants in the sham group (χ2 = 9.117, p = 0.003). Results from a nonparametric rank-based regression analysis showed that the rate of improvement was greater in the anodal versus sham group during skill acquisition (F(1,249) = 5.90, p = 0.016), but there was no main effect of group or time. There was no main effect of group or time, or group by time interaction when comparing performance at the end of acquisition to retention. These findings suggest anodal tDCS improves performance more quickly during skill acquisition but does not have additional benefits on motor learning after a period of rest.
Neutron Scattering with a Triple-Axis Spectrometer

Neutron scattering is an extremely powerful tool in the study of elemental excitations in condensed matter. This book provides a practical guide to basic techniques using a triple-axis spectrometer. Introductory chapters summarize useful scattering formulas and describe the components of a spectrometer, followed by a comprehensive discussion of the resolution function and focusing effects. Later chapters include simple examples of phonon and magnon measurements, and an analysis of spurious effects in both inelastic and elastic measurements, and how to avoid them. Finally, polarization analysis techniques and their applications are covered. This guide will allow graduate students and post-docs, as well as experienced researchers new to neutron scattering, to make the most efficient use of their experimental time.
The Effect of Auditory Cues on Static Postural Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the results related to the effects of auditory cues on static postural control. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, LILACS, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science, PEDro, and Google Scholar were searched from inception until September 2020. Risk of bias was evaluated by both reviewers using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Results: Twelve studies with 403 participants were included in the review and 9 studies with 305 participants in the meta-analysis. Results show that auditory cues have significant effects on postural sway in the anterior-posterior direction (p = 0.001), postural sway in the medial-lateral direction (p = 0.001), and static balance (p = 0.001). A low to high heterogeneity was observed across all comparisons. Conclusions: Results of this meta-analysis revealed that auditory cues decrease postural sway in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral direction; it also improves static balance. Thus, it can be concluded that auditory cues improve static postural control. Our results suggest that the auditory system can be a determinant of static postural control along with other sensory systems including visual, vestibular, and proprioception systems. Also, this study implies that auditory cues can be a significant therapeutic approach to improve static postural control.
The sanctity of life: The role of purity in attitudes towards abortion and euthanasia

Although abortion and euthanasia are highly contested issues at the heart of the culture war, the moral foundations underlying ideological differences on these issues are mostly unknown. Given that much of the extant debate is framed around the sanctity of life, we argued that the moral foundation of purity/sanctity—a core moral belief that emphasises adherence to the “natural order”—would mediate the negative relationship between conservatism and support for abortion and euthanasia. As hypothesised, results from a nation‐wide random sample of adults in New Zealand (N = 3360) revealed that purity/sanctity mediated the relationship between conservatism and opposition to both policies. These results demonstrate that, rather than being motivated by a desire to reduce harm, conservative opposition to pro‐choice and end‐of‐life decisions is (partly) based on the view that ending a life, even if it is one's own, violates God's natural design and, thus, stains one's spiritual purity.
The Mitochondrial Enzyme 17βHSD10 Modulates Ischemic and Amyloid-β-Induced Stress in Primary Mouse Astrocytes

Visual Abstract Severe brain metabolic dysfunction and amyloid-β accumulation are key hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While astrocytes contribute to both pathologic mechanisms, the role of their mitochondria, which is essential for signaling and maintenance of these processes, has been largely understudied. The current work provides the first direct evidence that the mitochondrial metabolic switch 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17βHSD10) is expressed and active in murine astrocytes from different brain regions. While it is known that this protein is overexpressed in the brains of AD patients, we found that 17βHSD10 is also upregulated in astrocytes exposed to amyloidogenic and ischemic stress. Importantly, such catalytic overexpression of 17βHSD10 inhibits mitochondrial respiration during increased energy demand. This observation contrasts with what has been found in neuronal and cancer model systems, which suggests astrocyte-specific mechanisms mediated by the protein. Furthermore, the catalytic upregulation of the enzyme exacerbates astrocytic damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial network alterations during amyloidogenic stress. On the other hand, 17βHSD10 inhibition through AG18051 counters most of these effects. In conclusion, our data represents novel insights into the role of astrocytic mitochondria in metabolic and amyloidogenic stress with implications of 17βHSD10 in multiple neurodegenerative mechanisms.
Ribosomal MLST nucleotide identity (rMLST-NI), a rapid bacterial species identification method: application to Klebsiella and Raoultella genomic species validation

Bacterial genomics is making an increasing contribution to the fields of medicine and public health microbiology. Consequently, accurate species identification of bacterial genomes is an important task, particularly as the number of genomes stored in online databases increases rapidly and new species are frequently discovered. Existing database entries require regular re-evaluation to ensure that species annotations are consistent with the latest species definitions. We have developed an automated method for bacterial species identification that is an extension of ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rMLST). The method calculates an ‘rMLST nucleotide identity’ (rMLST-NI) based on the nucleotides present in the protein-encoding ribosomal genes derived from bacterial genomes. rMLST-NI was used to validate the species annotations of 11839 publicly available Klebsiella and Raoultella genomes based on a comparison with a library of type strain genomes. rMLST-NI was compared with two whole-genome average nucleotide identity methods (OrthoANIu and FastANI) and the k-mer based Kleborate software. The results of the four methods agreed across a dataset of 11839 bacterial genomes and identified a small number of entries (n=89) with species annotations that required updating. The rMLST-NI method was 3.5 times faster than Kleborate, 4.5 times faster than FastANI and 1600 times faster than OrthoANIu. rMLST-NI represents a fast and generic method for species identification using type strains as a reference.
P2X7 receptor activation impairs antitumour activity of natural killer cells

A high number of intratumoural infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells is associated with better survival in several types of cancer, constituting an important first line of defence against tumours. Hypoxia in the core of solid tumours induces cellular stress and ATP release into the extracellular space where it triggers purinergic receptor activation on tumour‐associated immune cells. The aim of this study was to assess whether activation of the purinergic receptor P2X7 by extracellular ATP plays a role in the NK cells antitumour activity.
Structural, Elastic, and Electronic Properties of ReB2: A First-Principles Calculation

The structural, elastic, and electronic properties of the hard material ReB2 have been investigated by means of density functional theory. The calculated equilibrium structural parameters of ReB2 are in agreement with the experimental results. Our result of bulk modulus shows that it is a low compressible material. Furthermore, the elastic anisotropy is discussed by investigating the elastic stiffness constants. The charge density and the electronic properties indicate that the covalent bonding of Re-B and B-B plays an important role in formation of a hard material. The good metallicity and hardness of ReB2 might serve as hard conductors.
Association of immune cell subsets with incident heart failure in two population‐based cohorts

Circulating inflammatory markers are associated with incident heart failure (HF), but prospective data on associations of immune cell subsets with incident HF are lacking. We determined the associations of immune cell subsets with incident HF as well as HF subtypes [with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)].
Using GRACE to Detect Groundwater Variation in North China Plain after South–North Water Diversion

The gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and its Follow‐On mission provide a versatile tool for monitoring groundwater depletion in North China Plain (NCP). However, intermittent data gaps and inherent coarse spatial resolution have restricted the continuous detection of regional groundwater storage anomaly (GWSA) after 2014, the period of interest during the implementation of the south‐to‐north water diversion middle route project (SNWDP). Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal changes of GWSA in the NCP during 2004 to 2020 based on continuous downscaled GRACE data. First, we derived the continuous terrestrial water storage anomaly from six GRACE and Follow‐On solutions (i.e., spherical harmonics (SH) and mass concentration [mascon] solutions). Second, we employed a long short‐term memory (LSTM) model and water balance equation to downscale GWSA (i.e., 0.25° × 0.25°). Lastly, we investigated its spatiotemporal characteristics before (2004 to 2014) and after (2015 to 2020) the SNWDP operation. We show the applicability of the continuous downscaled GWSA to capture the characteristics of in situ measurements. The GWSA detects groundwater depletion at a significant (p < 0.05) rate of −17.09 ± 1.80 (SH) and −17.87 ± 1.65 (mascon) mm/a during 2004 to 2014, but a recovering trend of 7.18 ± 3.98 (SH) and 8.23 ± 4.99 (mascon) during 2015 to 2018. The subsequent groundwater extraction and precipitation reduction from 2019 to 2020, resulted in the decreasing trend of GWSA from 2015 to 2020, which is −19.11 ± 8.75 (SH) and −19.72 ± 9.08 mm/a (mascon), respectively. Spatially, the overall depletion trends become nonsignificant along the canals of SNWDP compared to the period 2004 to 2014, and groundwater recovering with trends <6 mm/a near Beijing and Tianjin are detected by the mascon solution during 2015 to 2020.
The tracts, cytoarchitecture, and neurochemistry of the spinal cord

The human spinal cord can be described using a range of nomenclatures with each providing insight into its structure and function. Here we have comprehensively reviewed the key literature detailing the general structure, configuration of tracts, the cytoarchitecture of Rexed's laminae, and the neurochemistry at the spinal segmental level. The purpose of this review is to detail current anatomical understanding of how the spinal cord is structured and to aid researchers in identifying gaps in the literature that need to be studied to improve our knowledge of the spinal cord which in turn will improve the potential of therapeutic intervention for disorders of the spinal cord.
Fluctuating pressure correlations in wall turbulence

The purpose of the present paper is to study the influence of wall-echo on pressure fluctuations $p'$, and on statistical correlations containing $p'$, {\em viz} redistribution $\phi_{ij}$ and pressure diffusion $d_{ij}^{(p)}$. We extend the usual analysis of turbulent correlations containing pressure fluctuations in wall-bounded \tsc{dns} computations [Kim J.: {\em J. Fluid Mech. } {\bf 205} (1989) 421--451], separating $p'$ not only into rapid $p_{(\mathrm{r})}'$ and slow $p_{(\mathrm{s})}'$ parts [Chou P.Y. : {\em Quart. Appl. Math.} {\bf 3} (1945) 38--54], but further into volume (weakly inhomogeneous; $p'_{(\mathrm{r};\mathfrak{V})}$ and $p'_{(\mathrm{s};\mathfrak{V})}$) and surface (strongly inhomogeneous wall-echo; $p'_{(\mathrm{r};w)}$ and $p'_{(\mathrm{s};w)}$) terms. An algorithm, based on a Green's function approach, is developed to compute the above splittings for various correlations containing pressure fluctuations (redistribution, pressure diffusion, velocity/pressure-gradient), in fully developed turbulent plane channel flow. The \tsc{dns} results are then used to assess several representative second-moment closures for near-wall turbulence. An extended representation basis including a tensor based on the unit vector in the dominant direction of turbulence inhomogeneity is proposed and applied in representing different models in a common framework.
Watchful waiting is an acceptable treatment option for asymptomatic primary ocular adnexal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: A retrospective study

Primary ocular adnexal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (POAML) is the most common subtype of indolent ocular adnexal lymphomas. Although radiotherapy (RT) is the standard of care for localized POAML, it can occasionally lead to permanent side effects. Other treatment strategies, such as rituximab (R) monotherapy and immunochemotherapy, have been used for POAML treatment, but their long‐term benefits and relative merits remain unclear. While watchful waiting (WW) is a potential option for some indolent lymphomas, the benefits of WW for POAML patients are also unclear.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals skewed cellular communication and phenotypic shift in pulmonary artery remodeling

A central feature of progressive vascular remodeling is altered smooth muscle cell (SMC) homeostasis; however, the understanding of how different cell populations contribute to this process is limited. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to provide insight into cellular composition changes within isolated pulmonary arteries (PAs) from pulmonary arterial hypertension and donor lungs. Our results revealed that remodeling skewed the balanced communication network between immune and structural cells, in particular SMCs. Comparative analysis with murine PAs showed that human PAs harbored heterogeneous SMC populations with an abundant intermediary cluster displaying a gradient transition between SMCs and adventitial fibroblasts. Transcriptionally distinct SMC populations were enriched in specific biological processes and could be differentiated into 4 major clusters: oxygen sensing (enriched in pericytes), contractile, synthetic, and fibroblast-like. End-stage remodeling was associated with phenotypic shift of preexisting SMC populations and accumulation of synthetic SMCs in neointima. Distinctly regulated genes in clusters built nonredundant regulatory hubs encompassing stress response and differentiation regulators. The current study provides a blueprint of cellular and molecular changes on a single-cell level that are defining the pathological vascular remodeling process.
Patient-by-Patient Deep Transfer Learning for Drug-Response Profiling Using Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy of Pediatric Patient-Derived Tumor-Cell Spheroids

Image-based phenotypic drug profiling is receiving increasing attention in drug discovery and precision medicine. Compared to classical end-point measurements quantifying drug response, image-based profiling enables both the quantification of drug response and characterization of disease entities and drug-induced cell-death phenotypes. Here, we aim to quantify image-based drug responses in patient-derived 3D spheroid tumor cell cultures, tackling the challenges of a lack of single-cell-segmentation methods and limited patient-derived material. Therefore, we investigate deep transfer learning with patient-by-patient fine-tuning for cell-viability quantification. We fine-tune a convolutional neural network (pre-trained on ImageNet) with 210 control images specific to a single training cell line and 54 additional screen -specific assay control images. This method of image-based drug profiling is validated on 6 cell lines with known drug sensitivities, and further tested with primary patient-derived samples in a medium-throughput setting. Network outputs at different drug concentrations are used for drug-sensitivity scoring, and dense-layer activations are used in t-distributed stochastic neighbor embeddings of drugs to visualize groups of drugs with similar cell-death phenotypes. Image-based cell-line experiments show strong correlation to metabolic results ( $R \approx 0.7$ ) and confirm expected hits, indicating the predictive power of deep learning to identify drug-hit candidates for individual patients. In patient-derived samples, combining drug sensitivity scoring with phenotypic analysis may provide opportunities for complementary combination treatments. Deep transfer learning with patient-by-patient fine-tuning is a promising, segmentation-free image-analysis approach for precision medicine and drug discovery.