Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A descriptive study of physiotherapist use of publicly funded diagnostic imaging modalities in Alberta, Canada

Abstract Purpose: In 2011, physiotherapists in Alberta, Canada were authorised to refer for diagnostic imaging (DI). To date, referral patterns for DI undertaken within Alberta’s public health system by authorised physiotherapists have not been described. Methods: Descriptive study of all physiotherapist-referred publicly funded DI studies undertaken between January 2012 and December 2016 in Alberta, Canada. Data included: number of imaging studies/therapist/month, imaging modality, geographical region and body part. Descriptive statistics summarised studies across year, modality, region and body part. Yearly rates (exact 95% confidence interval) were calculated across modality and region. Results: Over the study period, 20,280 DI studies were conducted. The majority (94.1%) were performed at community imaging clinics, with the remaining 5.9% undertaken at hospitals and public health centres. X-ray (76.4%) was most common followed by ultrasound imaging (USI) (19.7%) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (3.5%). Regional variation was observed with one urban centre accounting for 76.7% of studies. The annual number per physiotherapist was 31.4 referrals/year (95% CI 24.8, 38.0). The majority (99.95%) were of the musculoskeletal system including: spine (21.7%), knee (15.5%) and sacroiliac joint (12.0%) radiography. Conclusions: Physiotherapists typically request plain X-ray and USI of the musculoskeletal system, with less use of MRI.
The Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Physical Activity Program in Rumah Cemara

: This study aims at describing the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS who routinely attend physical activity program in Rumah Cemara. This study uses descriptive and quantitative approach with cross-sectional method. Study subjects were recruited through purposive sampling. Study instrument was a WHO standardized questionnaire i.e. WHOQOL-BREF, analyzed descriptively. Results showed that the perception of people living with HIV attending physical activity program in Rumah Cemara regarding their quality of life and health generally unremarkable and satisfactory. The highest quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS routinely attend physical activity program in Rumah Cemarawas at social relations domain, followed by psychological domain at the second place and then environmental relations domain at the third place and the lowest quality of life was at physical domain.
Pengaruh Ekspektasi, Persepsi, Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Makassar

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh ekspektasi ( expectation ) pasien terhadap kepuasan pasien rawat inap Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Makassar, 2) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh persepsi ( perceived) pasien terhadap kepuasan pasien rawat inap Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Makassar, 3) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas pelayanan ( service quality) terhadap kepuasan pasien rawat inap Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Makassar, dan 4) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh ekspektasi, persepsi, dan kualitas pelayanan secara simultan terhadap kepuasan pasien rawat inap Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Makassar. Hasil peneitian menunjukkan bahwa dimensi ekspektasi berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan sebesar 0.144 terhadap kepuasan pasien, dimensi persepsi mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan sebesar 0.036 terhadap kepuasan, dimensi kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sebesar 0,000 terhadap kepuasan pasien, serta dimensi ekspektasi, persepsi, dan kualitas pelayanan secara parsial dan simultan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan sebesar 0.000 terhadap kepuasan pasien ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Makassar. Kata Kunci: Ekspektasi, persepsi, kualitas pelayanan, dan kepuasan pasien ABSTRACT This study aims to: 1) analyze the influence of patient expectation on the satisfaction of inpatients of Bhayangkara Hospital, Makassar, 2) analyze the influence of patient perception on the satisfaction of inpatients Bhayangkara Hospital, Makassar, 3) analyze the influence of service quality on the satisfaction of inpatients Bhayangkara Hospital, Makassar, 4) analyze the influence of expectation, perception, and service quality simultaneously to the satisfaction of inpatients of Bhayangkara Hospital, Makassar. The result of research shows that the dimension of expectation have positive but not significant effect 0,144 to patient satisfaction, the dimension of perception have positive and significant influence equal to 0,036 to satisfaction, service quality dimension have positive and significant effect 0.000 to patient satisfaction, and dimension of expectation, perception, and quality partially and simultaneously services have a significant effect of 0.000 on patient satisfaction inpatient wards of Bhayangkara, Hospital Makassar. Keywords: Expectation, perception, service quality, and patient satisfaction
The Amount of Telomeres and Telomerase Activity on Chicken Embryonic Cells During Developmental Stages

Telomeres locate at the end of chromosomes and consist of a tandem repeat sequence of and associated proteins. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein which act as a template for the synthesis of telomeric DNA. Telomeres are essential for chromosome stability and are related with cell senescence, apoptosis and cancer. This study was carried out to analyze the amount of telomeres and telomerase activity of chicken cells during embryonic and developmental stages. The whole embryos and prenatal tissues such as brain, heart, liver, kidney and testis at different developmental stages were obtained from Korean Native Chicken. The amount of telomeres on embryonic cells was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) techniques using the chicken telomeric DNA probe. Telomerase activity was measured by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Results indicated that the amounts of telomeric DNA on the most embryonic cells were gradually decreased during ontogenesis. Furthermore, the quantity of telomeres was quite different among embryonic tissues according to developmental origin. The relative amount of telomeres has more in regenerative cells such as embryonic disc and testicular cells than in non-regenerative cells such as liver, brain, heart and kidney cells. Telomerase activity was also highly detectable in most chicken cells at early embryonic stages. After 9 days of incubation, however, the telomerase activitie W
Mortality in people with coeliac disease: Long-term follow-up from a Scottish cohort

Background Few studies have determined the very long-term mortality risks in adult and childhood-diagnosed coeliac disease. Objective We quantified mortality risks in coeliac disease and determined whether age at diagnosis, or time following diagnosis, modified these risks. Methods Standardised mortality ratios were determined using data from a cohort of 602 coeliac patients assembled between 1979–1983 from Lothian, Scotland, and followed up from 1970–2016. Results All-cause mortality was 43% higher than in the general population. Excess deaths were primarily from haematological malignancies (standardised mortality ratio, 4.77) and external causes (standardised mortality ratio, 2.62) in adult and childhood-diagnosed cases respectively. Mortality risks declined steadily with time in adult-diagnosed cases (standardised mortality ratio, 4.85 in first year compared to 0.97, 25 years post-diagnosis). Beyond 15 years, this group had a significantly reduced risk of any malignancy (standardised mortality ratio, 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.33–0.92)). In contrast, for childhood-diagnosed cases an increased risk existed beyond 25 years (standardised mortality ratio, 2.24). Conclusions Adult-diagnosed coeliac patients have a temporarily increased mortality risk mainly from malignant lymphomas and a decreased risk of any malignancy beyond 15 years post-diagnosis. In contrast, childhood-diagnosed cases are at an increased risk of mortality mainly from external causes, and have long-term mortality risks that requires further investigation.
The effects of multimedia education on anxiety and physiological status among patients with cerebral angiography: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Background &Aim: Cerebral angiography is a diagnostic procedure for cerebral disorders, particularly the disorders of cerebral blood vessels. However, as an invasive procedure, it can cause patients anxiety and physiological instability. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of multimedia education on anxiety and physiological status among patients with cerebral angiography. Methods & Materials: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted from October 2017 to January 2018 in the angiography unit of a university hospital in Tehran, Iran. Participants were 88 candidates for cerebral angiography who were randomly allocated either to an intervention (n = 44) or a control (n= 44) group. Patients in the intervention group were provided with at least thirty-minute multimedia education consisted of video-based education, verbal education, written materials (an educational booklet), and question and answer. Data on participants’ personal characteristics were collected before the intervention, while their state anxiety was assessed before multimedia education and after cerebral angiography via Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. Moreover, participants’ physiological parameters were measured and documented in a data sheet before and every two hours after angiography up to their discharge from the angiography unit. The independent-sample t, Chi-square, and McNemar’s tests and the Generalized Estimation Equation were used for data analysis. Results: After the intervention, 95.5% of patients in the intervention group and 86.4% in the control group had low level of anxiety; however, the between-group difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, anxiety level changed significantly neither in the intervention (P > 0.05) nor in the control (P > 0.05) group. In addition, after adjusting the effects of participants’ age, there were no significant between-group differences respecting the means of systolic blood pressure, the means of body temperature, peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. However, the means of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group, irrespective of the effects of participants’ age. Conclusion: Multimedia education has no significant effects on state anxiety but has significant effects on diastolic blood pressure and heart rate among patients with cerebral angiography.
Inhibition of the Defense System Stimulating Interleukin-12 Interferon-γ Pathway During Critical Illness

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) exert protective effects during experimental endotoxemia through upregulation of cellular immunity and phagocytic functions. They are part of a positive regulatory feedback loop that enhances the production of the other. Because critically ill patients show a marked suppression of T-cell and macrophage functions with a high susceptibility to infection, potential defects in the immunity/inflammation upregulating IL-12 IFN-gamma pathway were studied. As an ex vivo model of endotoxemia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated whole blood from 25 critically ill patients and 12 healthy individuals was incubated with either recombinant human (rh) IL-12 or rhIFN-gamma, respectively. IFN-gamma dose-dependently (P < .05) increased the release of IL-12 p40 and p70 into LPS-stimulated whole blood from healthy humans without effect in whole blood from critically ill patients. RhIL-12 p70 enhanced (P < .05) the secretion of IFN-gamma in controls, while it was ineffective in LPS-stimulated whole blood from critically ill patients. The observed inhibition of the IL-12 IFN-gamma pathway is not specific to LPS, since Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I (SAC)-stimulated whole blood from critically ill patients showed similar suppression. The secretion of IL-12 and IFN-gamma was less reduced in critically ill patients when using isolated cultures of adherent cells or lymphocytes. Although preculture of whole blood from healthy humans with IL-10, but not with IL-4, mimicked suppression of the IL-12 IFN-gamma pathway similar to that observed during critical illness, the release of antiinflammatory reacting cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta 1) was decreased into LPS-stimulated whole blood from critically ill patients. These results indicate at least two mechanisms responsible for dramatic disturbances of the IL-12 IFN-gamma pathway during critical illness: (1) deactivation of IL-12 and IFN-gamma producing leukocytes in vivo early after the primary insult, and (2) presence of serum suppressive factors different from IL-4, IL-10, or TGF-beta 1. Because IL-12 and IFN-gamma upregulate essential immune functions, the marked inhibition of IL-12 and IFN-gamma release may be pivotal for high susceptibility of critically ill patients to infection.
Biochemical investigation of anti-cancer activity of Tulbaghia violacea

ii DECLARATION . iv DEDICATION . v Table of contents . vi LIST OF FIGURES . xiii ABBREVIATIONS . xx ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xxiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 1.0 Cancer Overview . 1 1.1 Carcinogenesis . 1 1.2 Apoptosis Overview . 1 1.2. 1 Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis . 1 1.5 Treatment of Cancer . 2 1.6 Drug discovery from natural products . 2 1.6. 1 Ethnobotanical bioprospecting for anti-cancer drugs . 2 1.0 Cancer Overview . 3 1.1 Carcinogenesis . 5 1.2 Apoptosis Overview . 6 1.2. 1 Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis . 10 1.2. 2 Regulation of apoptosis . 16 1.3 Anti-cancer therapies targeting the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways . 20 1.3. 1 Death receptor ligands . 22
Prevalence and associated factors for non-utilisation of postnatal care services: population-based study in Kuwadzana peri-urban area Zvimba district of Mashonaland west province Zimbabwe.

A cross-sectional study of 466 mothers and a case control study (31 cases and 99 controls) were conducted in a peri-urban town of Kuwadzana, Zimbabwe. The objectives were to determine the prevalence and associated factors for non-utilisation of postnatal care (P0NC) services. A logistic regression analysis was done in order to adjust for confounding factors. The prevalence of non-utilisation of PNC was 10.1% (95% CI 7.4, 12.8%). Respondents who belonged to the Apostolic religion and who had non-medical birth attendance during the last birth were 2.17(95% CI 1.11, 6.62) and 5.30 (95% CI 1.90, 14.79) times more likely not to have utilised PNC services. Religion and birth attendance should be considered in interventions geared towards reducing the non-utilisation rate of PNC services. (Afr J Reprod Health 1999; 3 [2]: 25-32) Key Words: Prevalence, factors, non-utilisation, postnatal care, Zimbabwe
Cardiorespiratory health and body composition of type 2 diabetics’ patients: Effect of a program of adapted physical activity

The Aim of this study is to verify the effects of adapted physical activity on the cardiorespiratory health and body composition of obese diabetic patients. Thirty-two type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients (11 men, 21 women), aged 39-70 years, were randomly divided into two groups according to body mass index, group 1: 20 overweight subjects (BMI 30) undergoing a program Adapted physical activity of moderate intensity to severe during 3 months at the rate of 3 sessions of one hour per week. The paired student's t-test was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention program on the 6-minute walk test, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, weight, waist circumference, total fat, and visceral and lean mass. After 3 months of the practice of adapted physical activities, we observed significant changes in their resting heart rate of -6.06 bpm (p<0.05), systolic blood pressure of -7.8 mmHg (p<0.05), fasting blood glucose of -86.68mg/dl (p<0.05), maximum oxygen consumption of +6.13ml / kg / min (p<0.05), total fat of -5.89% (p<0.05), weight of -8.27kg (p<0.05), body mass index of -5.17 kg/m2 (p<0.05) and waist circumference of -5.66 cm (p<0.05) and their muscular percentage increased significantly by + 9.17%. Regular physical activity allows type 2 diabetics patients to improve their cardiorespiratory fitness and change their body composition.
Primary and secondary cutaneous CD30+lymphoproliferative disorders: a report from the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Group on the long-term follow-up data of 219 patients and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment

To evaluate our diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, clinical and long-term follow-up data of 219 patients with primary or secondary cutaneous CD30(+) lymphoproliferative disorders were evaluated. The study group included 118 patients with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP; group 1), 79 patients with primary cutaneous CD30(+) large T-cell lymphoma (LTCL; group 2), 11 patients with CD30(+) LTCL and skin and regional lymph node involvement (group 3), and 11 patients with secondary cutaneous CD30(+) LTCL (group 4). Patients with LyP often did not receive any specific treatment, whereas most patients with primary cutaneous CD30(+) LTCL were treated with radiotherapy or excision. All patients with skin-limited disease from groups 1 and 2 who were treated with multiagent chemotherapy had 1 or more skin relapses. The calculated risk for systemic disease within 10 years of diagnosis was 4% for group 1, 16% for group 2, and 20% for group 3 (after initial therapy). Disease-related 5-year-survival rates were 100% (group 1), 96% (group 2), 91% (group 3), and 24% (group 4), respectively. The results confirm the favorable prognoses of these primary cutaneous CD30(+) lymphoproliferative disorders and underscore that LyP and primary cutaneous CD30(+) lymphomas are closely related conditions. They also indicate that CD30(+) LTCL on the skin and in 1 draining lymph node station has a good prognosis similar to that for primary cutaneous CD30(+) LTCL without concurrent lymph node involvement. Multiagent chemotherapy is only indicated for patients with full-blown or developing extracutaneous disease; it is never or rarely indicated for patients with skin-limited CD30(+) lymphomas. (Blood. 2000;95:3653-3661)
Predictive models for intra-articular drug delivery

Purpose: To develop appropriate compendial dissolution tests for IA formulations and investigate the effect of various dissolution method parameters on drug dissolution. Methods: Different setups of dissolution tests and apparatus accepted by the Pharmacopoeia were evaluated such as the USP apparatus I, II, III and IV, a dialysis membrane setup, a monophasic and bi-phasic setup. For each method, several factors were tested involving the hydrodynamics of the system, the formulation type and various dissolution media, to establish their impact on drug dissolution. Drug quantification was done with the HPLC and drug dissolution over time was measured. Results: Testing the USP apparatus I and III with the use of float-A-lyzers (ready to use dialysis membranes), generally did not lead to drug permeation through the membrane. The dissolution method designed with the USP apparatus IV in open system discriminated between particle sizes of TA, with all factors tested showing significant effect on drug dissolution. The results with the bi-phasic setup dissolution method with the USP apparatus IV in closed system, showed that most of the examined factors would affect mostly the partitioning of the drug rather than the dissolution rate. Changing the aqueous and organic phase ratio in the system or the size of the oil/water interface area between the two phases, resulted in a dissolution rate faster than the partitioning rate. Regarding the dialysis studies performed in glass bottles, having a high difference of osmolality between the aqueous and organic phase (due to the presence of methanol in the receptor phase), a larger dialysis membrane surface area or an increase in the temperature of the dissolution medium, would lead to the drug dissolving and permeating through the membrane in a significant rate. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that the osmolality gradient drives dissolution from IA formulations and permeation through the dialysis membrane faster than permeation due to the concentration gradient. Conclusions: A better understanding of the factors involved in the performed dissolution tests provides higher feasibility to develop a compendial dissolution method for IA formulations. The promising results from the continuous flow through cell method (USP apparatus IV) may address the lack of an in-vitro compendial dissolution test for IA formulations.
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AMONG NURSES IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL, RUPANDEHI, NEPAL

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent and severe infection acquired in the intensive care unit, leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation and excess mortality. This study has been conducted to find out the knowledge regarding prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) among nurses.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the knowledge regarding prevention of VAP among nurses. Fifty one respondents working in different intensive care areas (ICU, CCU, NICU and PICU) of Universal College of Medical Sciences - Teaching Hospital were selected as the study sample by using census method. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16.Results: The findings of the study revealed that 41.2% and 86.2% of the respondents had knowledge regarding meaning and causative agent of VAP respectively. The mean percentage of risk factors of VAP and VAP bundle were 86.2 and 61.3 respectively. About 37% of the respondents had knowledge regarding oral care with chlorhexidine, 86.3% had knowledge that ventilator circuit should be changed for every new patient and 39.2% of the respondents had knowledge that closed suction system prevents VAP. The findings of the study revealed that 49.1% of the respondents had high knowledge and 7.8% had average knowledge. There was no statistically significant association between respondents' level of knowledge regarding prevention of VAP with respondents' working experience (p=O.493) and qualification (p=O.459). Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is concluded that almost half of the respondents have high knowledge regarding prevention of VAP. Besides this, respondents have high knowledge regarding VAP (meaning, causative agent, risk factors, principles and complications) and VAP prevention by positioning, airway humidification and suctioning and low knowledge is found on component of VAP bundle, oral care to reduce VAP and ideal cuff pressure of endotracheal tube.Journal of Universal College of Medical SciencesVol. 6, No. 1, 2018, Page: 27-31
Reservas de hidratos de carbono e resistência do algodoeiro à seca

Foram estudadas em casa de vegetacao, duas cultivares de algodao: uma ( Gossypium hirsutum r. Marie Galante Hutch., cv. Moco-9193), resistente a seca, e outra ( Gossypium hirsutum r. lati folium Hutch., cv. SU-0450/8909), susceptivel, com o fim de determinar o efeito da seca sobre o teor de carboidratos nas folhas, caule e raizes, e a possibilidade de usar esses teores como criterio de selecao de plantas dotadas de resistencia a seca. Observou-se decrescimo de amido, com a seca, menor na ‘Moco’ do que na 'SU'. As reservas amilaceas nas raizes podem constituir parâmetro util para cultivo visando resistencia a seca; e comparando-se as plantas da populacao original com as surgidas apos um ciclo de selecao para obtencao de amido nas raizes (na cv. SU-0450/8909), nota-se uma herdabilidade de 22,4% e um ganho genetico, no primeiro ciclo de selecao, de 12,1%.