Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopes and crystallization conditions of the middle Eocene Dağdibi Pluton in the eastern Sakarya Zone, Turkey

Abstract Magmatic activity in the Sakarya Zone, an important segment of the Alpine orogenic belt, continues intermittently from the middle Carboniferous to Miocene. In this study, we provide geochronological and geochemical data from the Dağdibi Pluton in the eastern Sakarya Zone to present some inferences on the source region and petrogenesis of the middle Eocene magmatism. U–Pb zircon geochronology from two granodiorite samples gives middle Eocene ages of 44.75 ± 0.92 and 45.01 ± 0.59 Ma. The pluton is mainly composed of K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, Mg-hornblende/actinolite, Fe–Ti oxides and small amounts of biotite, and secondary chlorite and epidote. Parental magma of the intrusive rocks has a high-K calc-alkaline affinity with metaluminous character. The oxygen fugacity values vary between −18 and −17. The rocks show slightly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.704845–0.705726) ratios and ϵNdi values between −0.96 and +0.52. Pb–Pb isotope ratios are typical for those of the lower continental crust. ϵHf(i) values of the zircons range from 0.14 to 10.26. The geochemical and isotopic features of the pluton point to a parental magma derived from a depleted mantle that was metasomatized by fluids during previous subduction events. The volumetric abundances of the rock types are decreased as the silica content increase, implying that the fractional crystallization is the most important process during the formation of the present compositional range of the pluton. Amphibole, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxides are the fractionated phases while K-feldspar is largely accumulated. In the light of the data presented above, slab breakoff is regarded as the geodynamic process responsible for the formation of the Dağdibi Pluton in the middle Eocene.
Glacial sedimentation in Northern Gondwana: insights from the Talchir formation, Manendragarh, India

Abstract Among the vast swathes of Gondwanan sedimentary rocks in India, exposures of the Lower Permian Talchir Formation at Manendragarh in India are exceptional for their cold marine faunal assemblage and muddy conglomerates of possible glacial origin. They may represent a record of the late Palaeozoic glaciation that affected Gondwana in the Permo-Carboniferous. Although the fossil record is relatively well documented, the sedimentology of this area is not well understood. This paper intends to fill the gap in knowledge regarding palaeogeography and the palaeoenvironmental changes within the basin through space and time. We distinguish conglomerates that are formed by glacial and mass flow processes. The lateral variation in facies associations along a NNE-SSW transect in the study area identifies the depositional basin as an interior sea that formed when the sea spilled over a steep basement ridge during a transgression. The benthic organisms remained confined to the seaward basin margin where they only flourished in the initial stage of basin filling. Locally derived, bioclastic storm beds are limited to the seaward flank of the basin. Alternating phases of glaciation and interglaciation resulted in an interbedded succession of grey shales and interglacial density flow deposits. The channels that fed these density flows are preserved closest to the landward margin of the basin. Co-existence of glacial diamictites and interglacial density flow deposits highlights the climatic changes in this part of Gondwana during the Late Palaeozoic.
Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) press kit

COBE, the Cosmic Background Explorer spacecraft, and its mission are described. COBE was designed to study the origin and dynamics of the universe including the theory that the universe began with a cataclysmic explosion referred to as the Big Bang. To this end, earth's cosmic background - the infrared radiation that bombards earth from every direction - will be measured by three sophisticated instruments: the Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR), the Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS), and the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE).
On the Recent Measurements of Atmospheric Ion Density from the Ground to the Stratosphere

Balloon measurements of negative small ion density in the atmosphere from ground to 30 km have been made in September of 1970. Vertical profiles of negative small ion density have been obtained for daytime and nighttime conditions. The difference between the profiles obtained during daytime and nighttime are discussed. The rapid changes in the ion density are observed in the altitudes below about 3 km. A remarkable decrease in the ion density is observed in the altitudes from 16 to 25 km. During nighttime a second ion density increase is observed in the altitudes of about 30 km. The profiles obtained are compared with those determined from the data of ionization measurements in the atmosphere, assuming ionization equilibrium with small ions. The results obtained from the measurements at a constant level of about 30 km are also described.
Changes in Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchange of Air Mass and Ozone Concentration in CCMI Models From 1960 to 2099

This study investigates changes in stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE) of air masses and ozone concentrations from 1960 to 2099 using multiple model simulations from Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) under climate change scenario RCP6.0. We employ a lowermost stratosphere mass budget approach with dynamic isentropic surfaces fitted to the tropical tropopause as the upper boundary of lowermost stratosphere. The multi‐model mean (MMM) trends of air mass STEs are all small over all regions, which are within 0.3 (0.1) % decade−1 for 1960–2000 (2000–2099). The MMM trends of ozone STE for 1960–2000 are 0.3%, −2.7%, 3.4%, −0.9%, and −2.7% decade−1 over the Northern hemisphere (NH) extratropics, Southern hemisphere (SH) extratropics, tropics, extratropics, and globe, respectively. The corresponding ozone STE trends for 2000–2099 are 3.0%, 4.3%, 0.8%, 3.5%, and 4.7% decade−1. Changes in ozone STEs are dominated by ozone concentration changes, driven by climate‐induced changes and ozone‐depleting substance (ODS) changes. For 1960–2000, small changes in ozone STEs in the NH extratropics are due to a cancellation between effects of climate‐induced changes and ODS increases, while the ODS effect dominates in the SH extratropics, leading to a large ozone STE magnitude decrease. Increased ozone transport from tropical troposphere to stratosphere for 1960–2000 is due to increased tropospheric ozone. A decreased global ozone STE magnitude for 1960–2000 was largely caused by ODS‐induced ozone loss that is partly compensated by climate‐induced ozone changes. For 2000–2099, about two‐thirds of global ozone STE magnitude increases are caused by ozone increases in the extratropical lower stratosphere due to climate‐induced changes. The remaining one‐third is caused by ozone recovery due to the phaseout of ODS.
Differential feeding responses in two species of nectivorous ants: Understanding bait palatability preferences of Argentine ants

The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Formicidae: Dolichoderini), has become one of the most invasive species in the world, causing economic and ecological imbalances due to its ability to dominate new environments. Although borated liquid baits are effective for its chemical control, as well as for other nectivorous ants, there are particularities in the response of each species. In feeding‐motivation controlled experiments, L. humile accepts boric acid more than borax (sodium borate); meanwhile, the opposite occurs with the carpenter ant, Camponotus mus (Roger) (Formicidae: Camponotini). To understand which aspects of the borax bait negatively affect its palatability for the Argentine ants, we analysed the individual feeding behaviour on sugar baits considering the number of boron‐equivalents offered, the sodium concentration and the alkaline pH and then compared their response to that of C. mus. We found that L. humile rejected borax baits more than the mixture of boric acid and sodium borate. However, they accepted the boric acid bait similar to the plain sugar solution (control). The addition of sodium (NaCl) to sugar solutions shortened feeding time in this species, but not in the carpenter ant. Finally, alkalinizing the bait with L‐arginine or potassium hydroxide (KOH) generated shorter intake times in L. humile, but not in C. mus. Our results showed that both the presence of sodium and a basic pH may discourage ingestion in the Argentine ant and also evidence the different responses towards the baits that can occur among ant species that share similar feeding habits. Understanding particular responses of the target Argentine ant is a key tool for more specific and efficient pest control strategies.
Changing Nature of High‐Impact Snowfall Events in Eastern North America

Snowstorms cause substantial disruption in the eastern United States and Canada each winter. While reductions in annual snowfall are projected over most of this region due to anthropogenic global warming, daily snowfall extremes that have the greatest impact may not decrease in the same manner. We examine changes to two extreme snowfall metrics: the 95th percentile of daily snowfall (SF95, cm) and the number of events during which 10% of the mean annual snowfall is exceeded during a single day (TC10, events yr−1). We explore changes to these metrics in two ensembles of the fifth‐generation Canadian Regional Climate Model, including four 0.22° (≈25 km) simulations driven by different coupled general circulation models as well as the higher‐resolution (0.11°, ≈12 km) ClimEx ensemble, driven by 50 members of a large initial‐condition ensemble of one global model. We find that while mean annual snowfall is projected to decrease over our domain, SF95 is projected to remain relatively constant, suggesting that the most extreme daily snowfalls currently observed are likely to occur even in a warmer future climate. The region of the largest TC10 values exhibits a northward shift, with a larger percentage of annual snowfall occurring during a few large events along the U.S.‐Canada border. These projected changes to the nature of snowfall events may have important socioeconomic consequences in this densely populated region of North America.
Eliciting Alternative Economic Futures with Working-Class Detroiters: Centering Afrofuturism in Speculative Design

Economic crises such as the global recession and financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 and the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, have elevated new forms of economic cooperation. Supporting efforts in finding alternatives to capitalism requires understanding the role of design in imagining alternative economic futures and reaching those most harmed by current capitalistic models. Through a collaboration between a community organization in Detroit and a team of university researchers, we hosted and facilitated a five-week workshop series with Black and Brown working-class Detroiters where they collectively imagined alternative economic futures using speculative design. They proposed Community Capitalism, Childcare Collectives, and Village-Based Childcare as alternative economy concepts from the workshops and described their unique characteristics and traits of love, care, and inclusion. Aligning with generative justice frameworks, Detroiters prioritized sustainable families and communities. We contribute an understanding of technology’s role in the imagined economic futures, a discussion of what this means for community-involved governance, and a push for centering Afrofuturism in speculative design approaches to foster futures literacy.
Co-designing Social Robots with People Living with Dementia: Fostering Identity, Connectedness, Security, and Autonomy

Conventional co-design methods, such as storyboarding and focus groups, are not always appropriate for people living with dementia (PLwD). In pilot robot co-design workshops in a local memory care facility, we noticed PLwD struggled to understand, express themselves, fully participate, and benefit from the experience. After reflecting on challenges with the facility’s director of program development and education, we redesigned the workshops prioritizing elements of the Eden Alternative’s well-being for PLwD: identity, connectedness, security, and autonomy. We delivered these new workshops over five weeks with 12 PLwD participants. Analysis of resulting video recordings and transcripts shows the new activities allowed participants to see themselves as having knowledge relevant to social robot design; to relate to each other, the robot, and the researchers; to feel comfortable; and to actively contribute to and offer valuable insights for robot design. Participants reported feeling meaning, growth, and joy during the workshops.
Herding AI Cats: Lessons from Designing a Chatbot by Prompting GPT-3

Prompting Large Language Models (LLMs) is an exciting new approach to designing chatbots. But can it improve LLM’s user experience (UX) reliably enough to power chatbot products? Our attempt to design a robust chatbot by prompting GPT-3/4 alone suggests: not yet. Prompts made achieving “80%” UX goals easy, but not the remaining 20%. Fixing the few remaining interaction breakdowns resembled herding cats: We could not address one UX issue or test one design solution at a time; instead, we had to handle everything everywhere all at once. Moreover, because no prompt could make GPT reliably say “I don’t know” when it should, the user-GPT conversations had no guardrails after a breakdown occurred, often leading to UX downward spirals. These risks incentivized us to design highly prescriptive prompts and scripted bots, counter to the promises of LLM-powered chatbots. This paper describes this case study, unpacks prompting’s fickleness and its impact on UX design processes, and discusses implications for LLM-based design methods and tools.
Multimodal Direct Manipulation in Video Conferencing: Challenges and Opportunities

Tools supporting immersive live video conferencing (VC) have gained popularity recently across diverse application domains. A core component of the experience is augmenting video communication with multimodal interactive media. While many direct-manipulation techniques for VC communication have been proposed in existing literature, the usability and preferences for these techniques have never been formally studied. In this paper, we examine how embodied interaction democratizes content authoring, and propose a rehearsal-to-performance (RtP) framework along with a VC system, Clio, that enables performers to directly interact with their media using voice, gesture, and external devices such as tablets. We evaluate existing operation-to-modality mappings for VC communication, as well as describe novel mappings not present in the literature. A series of studies demonstrate modality preferences and potentials for incorporating real-time direct-manipulation tools to create expressive augmented VC performances.
The Power of Close Others: How Social Interactions Impact Older Adults’ Mobile Shopping Experience

Increasingly, older adults are shopping via mobile devices as technology has been incorporated into their lives. When older adults adopt and use mobile shopping, social interactions with close others greatly influence their experience. Therefore, this paper aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how social interactions with close others shaped older adults’ mobile shopping practices. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 31 older adults who reported using mobile shopping regularly. We found that older adults engaged in three types of social interaction: learning from, collaborating with, and assisting close others in adopting and using mobile shopping. Through these social interactions, they gradually built trust in mobile shopping systems and supported each other’s decision-making processes. In conclusion, we presented design implications for facilitating social interactions to improve older adults’ mobile shopping experience.
"Like a candy shop with forbidden fruits": Exploring Sexual Desire of Cohabiting Millennial Couples with Technology

Many cohabiting millennials report dissatisfaction about declining levels of sexual desire. Barriers such as desire discrepancy, lack of communication, changing needs, and habituality interfere with sexual desire and relationship satisfaction. This paper explores whether technology has a role in supporting and increasing sexual desire or developing an understanding of different individual needs towards sexual desire within couples’ relationships and how it can do so. To explore this, we conducted a survey (n=77) and interview study (n=12). Results show that participants wanted a shared, dedicated, and protected space to playfully explore their individual desire with each other. They felt technology could facilitate a better understanding of their evolving needs as a couple, motivate open sexual communication, bring spontaneity, and hands-on exploration; however, technology should not inflict judgement or obligations on desire levels; it should help to understand and situate differing needs in a relationship meaningfully. We share our reflections on the role of technology and raise important considerations in such technology design.
DCU at SemEval-2023 Task 10: A Comparative Analysis of Encoder-only and Decoder-only Language Models with Insights into Interpretability

We conduct a comparison of pre-trained encoder-only and decoder-only language models with and without continued pre-training, to detect online sexism. Our fine-tuning-based classifier system achieved the 16th rank in the SemEval 2023 Shared Task 10 Subtask A that asks to distinguish sexist and non-sexist texts. Additionally, we conduct experiments aimed at enhancing the interpretability of systems designed to detect online sexism. Our findings provide insights into the features and decision-making processes underlying our classifier system, thereby contributing to a broader effort to develop explainable AI models to detect online sexism.
Probing supersymmetry based on precise jet measurements at the CMS experiment

The search for new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics is one of the main goals of the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Many theories, for instance supersymmetry, involve the possible production of new coloured particles which feature jets as their experimental signature. Thus, it is important to have a good understanding of jet-related properties in order to allow such searches. In the first part of this thesis, a measurement of the jet transverse-momentum resolution is presented. This is based on the analysis of proton-proton collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 8TeV by the CMS experiment. The measurement utilizes the transverse momentum balance of dijet events at particle level. The main focus is on the determination of the data-to-simulation ratio of the jet transverse-momentum resolution which can be used to correct the jet resolution in simulated events to match the one observed in data. This ratio has been determined with a significantly improved precision compared to previous analyses for the pseudorapidity range 0.0 ≤ |η| ≤ 5.0. The second part of the thesis focuses on searches for supersymmetry in final states with several jets, missing transverse momentum and no isolated leptons. A search performed with collision data recorded at √ s = 8TeV is presented which is mainly sensitive to the production of light-flavour squarks and gluinos as well as the gluino-mediated production of third generation particles. In this analysis, the main challenge arises from a precise determination of background contributions from standard model processes as the analysis is performed in an extreme kinematic phase space. In this thesis, a method to estimate QCD background contributions relying on the jet-pT response is presented and necessary modifications for a correct prediction of high jet multiplicity events are introduced. In the analysis, results consistent with standard model expectations have been obtained and the production of light-flavour squarks below 780GeV and that of gluinos up to 1.1–1.2TeV has been excluded at 95% confidence level for a mass of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) not exceeding 100GeV in the context of simplified supersymmetric models. Furthermore, a prospect study investigating different search strategies for the identification of direct pair production of top squarks is shown. This is based on simulated events at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 13TeV. Utilizing algorithms for the identification of boosted hadronically decaying top quarks arising from the decay of heavy top squarks, a search sensitivity for top squark masses up to the 1TeV range can be obtained for LSP masses less than approximately 300GeV with the same integrated luminosity as recorded at √ s = 8TeV. This selection could improve the search sensitivity with respect to existing analyses. Moreover, the identified selection is also suitable to study gluinomediated production of third-generation squarks and provides a complementary approach to existing multijet analyses.
JHU IWSLT 2023 Multilingual Speech Translation System Description

We describe the Johns Hopkins ACL 60-60 Speech Translation systems submitted to the IWSLT 2023 Multilingual track, where we were tasked to translate ACL presentations from English into 10 languages. We developed cascaded speech translation systems for both the constrained and unconstrained subtracks. Our systems make use of pre-trained models as well as domain-specific corpora for this highly technical evaluation-only task. We find that the specific technical domain which ACL presentations fall into presents a unique challenge for both ASR and MT, and we present an error analysis and an ACL-specific corpus we produced to enable further work in this area.
Direct Models for Simultaneous Translation and Automatic Subtitling: FBK@IWSLT2023

This paper describes the FBK’s participation in the Simultaneous Translation and Automatic Subtitling tracks of the IWSLT 2023 Evaluation Campaign. Our submission focused on the use of direct architectures to perform both tasks: for the simultaneous one, we leveraged the knowledge already acquired by offline-trained models and directly applied a policy to obtain the real-time inference; for the subtitling one, we adapted the direct ST model to produce well-formed subtitles and exploited the same architecture to produce timestamps needed for the subtitle synchronization with audiovisual content. Our English-German SimulST system shows a reduced computational-aware latency compared to the one achieved by the top-ranked systems in the 2021 and 2022 rounds of the task, with gains of up to 3.5 BLEU. Our automatic subtitling system outperforms the only-existing solution based on a direct system by 3.7 and 1.7 SubER in English-German and English-Spanish respectively.