Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of [O III]/[O II] lines ratio in type 1 active galactic nucleus: Influence of radio jets and Eddington ratio to narrow line region emission

Correspondence Irham Taufik Andika, Max Planck Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany. Email: andika@mpia.de Abstract We analyze emission line properties and their correlations for 18,043 type 1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the range of 0.02≤ z≤ 0.8, based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14 data. We complement the data with photometric measurements from ROSAT, GALEX, 2MASS, and FIRST. We find the following: (a) The average correlation between luminosity of [O III] and AGN luminosity is stronger than those for [O II] line. This is consistent with the stratified model of narrow line region (NLR). Furthermore, we also find a weak dependence of ionization degree with AGN luminosity. (b) The narrow lines luminosity and radio luminosity correlation is stronger for radio quiet AGN and weaker for radio loud (RL) AGN, most likely due to radio jets. A possible explanation is as the jets penetrate the NLR, the shock will ionize its gas, increase the narrow lines emission, and cause a bigger dispersion in the correlation for RL AGN. (c) The investigated narrow lines, [O II], [O III], Hβ, Hα, [N II], and [S II], show a significant trend of decreasing luminosity ratio relative to the broad Hβ luminosity where the slopes in the range of−0.26 to−0.50. We did not find any correlation of the trend slopes with ionization potential or critical density of the lines. We suggest that this correlation is due to decrease in covering factor of NLR as AGN luminosity increases. (d) The EV1 correlation is found in our data and represents change in Eddington ratio. By using L[O III]/L[O II] ratio, we found that the ionization degree decreases as Eddington ratio increases. We also confirm that objects with higher Eddington ratio tend to have narrower Hβ, stronger Fe II emission, and weaker [O III] strength. In contrast to that, objects with lower Eddington ratio tend to have broader Hβ, weaker Fe II emission, and higher [O III] strength.
Integrated Gene Expression Profiling Analysis Reveals Probable Molecular Mechanism and Candidate Biomarker in Anti-TNFα Non-Response IBD Patients

Purpose To explore the molecular mechanism and search for candidate biomarkers in the gene expression profile of IBD patients associated with the response to anti-TNFα agents. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of response vs non-response IBD patients in datasets GSE12251, GSE16879, and GSE23597 were integrated using NetworkAnalyst. We conducted functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and extracted hub genes from the protein–protein interaction network. The proportion of immune cell types was estimated via CIBERSORT. ROC curve analysis and binomial Lasso regression were applied to assess the expression level of hub genes in datasets GSE12251, GSE16879, and GSE23597, and another two datasets GSE107865 and GSE42296. Results A total of 287 DEGs were obtained from the integrated dataset. They were enriched in 14 Gene Ontology terms and 11 KEGG pathways. Polarization from M2 to M1 macrophages was relatively high in non-response individuals. We found nine hub genes (TLR4, TLR1, TLR8, CCR1, CD86, CCL4, HCK, and FCGR2A), mainly related to the interaction between Toll-like Receptor (TLR) pathway and FcγR signaling in non-response anti-TNFα individuals. FCGR2A, HCK, TLR1, TLR4, TLR8, and CCL4 show great value for prediction in intestinal tissue. Besides, FCGR2A, HCK, and TLR8 might be candidate blood biomarkers of anti-TNFα non-response IBD patients. Conclusion Over-activated interaction between FcγR-TLR axis in the innate immune cells of IBD patients might be used to identify non-response individuals and increased our understanding of resistance to anti-TNFα therapy.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Bio-Based Lactic Acid Production Utilizing Corn Grain as Feedstock

Lactic acid is an important chemical with numerous commercial applications that can be fermentatively produced from biological feedstocks. Producing lactic acid from corn grain could complement the use of already existing infrastructure for corn grain-based ethanol production with a higher value product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of producing 100,000 metric tons (t) of lactic acid annually from corn grain in a biorefinery. The study estimated the resources (equipment, raw materials, energy, and labor) requirements and costs to produce lactic acid from bacteria, fungi and yeast-based fermentation pathways. Lactic acid production costs were $1181, $1251 and $844, for bacteria, fungi and yeast, respectively. Genetically engineered yeast strains capable of producing lactic acid at low pH support significantly cheaper processes because they do not require simultaneous neutralization and recovery of lactic acid, resulting in lower requirements for chemical, equipment, and utilities. Lactic acid production costs were highly sensitive to sugar-to-lactic-acid conversion rates, grain price, plant size, annual operation hours, and potential use of gypsum. Improvements in process efficiencies and lower equipment and chemical costs would further reduce the cost of lactic acid production from corn grain.
Psychometric Properties of the Concise Associated Symptom Tracking Scale and Validation of Clinical Utility in the EMBARC Study

Objective The authors aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of the Concise Associated Symptom Tracking (CAST) Scale and validate the clinical utility of measuring irritability by updating and replicating a previously published outcome calculator from the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes (CO‐MED) trial. Methods Participants were 292 adults from the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study who had completed the CAST scale at baseline. The scale's five‐domain (irritability, anxiety, mania, insomnia, and panic) structure was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis. Correlations with other clinical measures were used to confirm convergent and divergent validity. Logistic regression analyses from CO‐MED were used to estimate individual outcomes in EMBARC. Results Cronbach's alpha for the CAST scale was 0.78. Model fit for the five‐domain structure was adequate (goodness of fit index=0.93, comparative fit index=0.92, root mean square error of approximation=0.06). Scores on irritability, anxiety, panic, insomnia, and mania were correlated with scores on the Anger Attack Questionnaire irritability item (rs=0.50), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression anxiety subscale (rs=0.24), Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire anxious arousal scale (rs=0.44), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self‐Report insomnia items (rs=0.38), and Altman Self‐Rating Mania Scale (rs=0.39), respectively. Individual outcomes of remission (area under the curve [AUC]=0.805) and no meaningful benefit (AUC=0.779) were predicted with high accuracy among EMBARC participants using their baseline and week 4 scores for depression and irritability and model estimates from CO‐MED. Conclusions Measuring irritability may help predict clinical course. The CAST scale is a valid measure of depression‐associated symptoms, including irritability.
Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild

In light of global climate change, there is a pressing need to understand and predict the capacity of populations to respond to rising temperatures. Metabolic rate is a key trait that is likely to influence the ability to cope with climate change. Yet, empirical and theoretical work on metabolic rate responses to temperature changes has so far produced mixed results and conflicting predictions. Our study addresses this issue using a novel approach of comparing fish populations in geothermally warmed lakes and adjacent ambient-temperature lakes in Iceland. This unique ‘natural experiment’ provides repeated and independent examples of populations experiencing contrasting thermal environments for many generations over a small geographic scale, thereby avoiding the confounding factors associated with latitudinal or elevational comparisons. Using Icelandic sticklebacks from three warm and three cold habitats, we measured individual metabolic rates across a range of acclimation temperatures to obtain reaction norms for each population. We found a general pattern for a lower standard metabolic rate in sticklebacks from warm habitats, as predicted by Krogh’s rule. Metabolic rate differences between warm- and cold-habitat sticklebacks were more pronounced at more extreme acclimation temperatures, suggesting the release of cryptic genetic variation upon exposure to novel conditions, which can reveal hidden evolutionary potential. Lastly, we found a stronger divergence in metabolic rate between thermal habitats in allopatry than sympatry, indicating that gene flow may constrain physiological adaptation when dispersal between warm and cold habitats is possible. In sum, our study suggests that fish may diverge toward a lower standard metabolic rate in a warming world, but this might depend on connectivity and gene flow between different thermal habitats.
Proposed methodology for estimating the magnitude at which subduction megathrust ground motions and source dimensions exhibit a break in magnitude scaling: Example for 79 global subduction zones

In this article, I propose a method for estimating the magnitude ( M B ) at which subduction megathrust earthquakes are expected to exhibit a break in magnitude scaling of both seismic source dimensions and earthquake ground motions. The methodology is demonstrated by applying it to 79 global subduction zones defined in the literature, including Cascadia. Breakpoint magnitude is estimated from seismogenic interface widths, empirical source scaling relations, and aspect ratios of physically unbounded earthquake ruptures and their uncertainties. The concept stems from the well-established observation that source-dimension and ground motion scaling decreases for shallow continental (primarily strike-slip) earthquakes when rupture exceeds the seismogenic width of the fault. Although a scaling break for megathrust earthquakes is difficult to observe empirically, all of the instrumentally recorded historical M > 8 . 7 mega-earthquakes have occurred on subduction zones with M B ≈ 8 . 5 (8.1–8.9), consistent with an observed break in source scaling relations derived from these same events. The breakpoint magnitudes derived in this study can be used to constrain the magnitude at which the scaling of ground motion is expected to decrease in subduction ground motion prediction equations.
Effects of Nitrogen Forms and Supply Mode on Lipid Production of Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus

Optimization of the microalgae culture conditions could significantly reduce the production costs of microalgae-derived biodiesel. In the current study, a new process of adding different forms using the multiple small-dose method was employed. The effects of different forms of nitrogen (NaNO 3 , NH 4 Cl, and CH 4 N 2 O) and their concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg L −1 ) on the growth and lipid production of Scenedesmus obliquus were studied. Algae density and lipid production increased with increasing nitrogen concentration for all different forms of nitrogen except NH 4 Cl. The Scenedesmus obliquus growth was promoted by adding NaNO 3 and CH 4 N 2 O, but was inhibited by adding NH 4 Cl. Adding 2 mg N L −1 of CH 4 N 2 O daily yielded the highest cell density (1.7 × 10 7 cells mL −1 ) and lipid production (242.4 mg L −1 ). These conditions can thus maintain the biomass of Scenedesmus obliquus , increase its lipid accumulation, and decrease the costs of biodiesel production.
Although host-related factors are important for the formation of gut microbiota, environmental factors cannot be ignored

The gut microbiome is essential to human health. However, little is known about the influence of the environment versus host-related factors (e.g. genetic background, sex, age, and body mass) in the formation of human intestinal microflora. Here, we present evidence in support of the importance of host-related factors in the establishment and maintenance of individual gut assemblages. We collected fecal samples (n = 249) from 44 Korean naval trainees and 39 healthy people living in Korea over eight weeks and sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) microbiome function is linked to its diversity, community structure, and genetic host-related factors, and 2) preexisting host-related factors have a more significant effect on gut microbiome formation and composition than environmental factors. For each individual, the difference between the initial gut microbiota and that after eight weeks was negligible even though the 44 naval trainees lived in the same area and received the same diet, the same amount of exercise, and the same amount of physical stress during the study. This suggests that host-related factors, rather than environmental factors, is a key determinant of individual gut microflora. Moreover, eight weeks of physical training and experiencing the same environmental conditions resulted in an increase in the species Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia in most trainees, suggesting a healthier intestinal environment. IMPORTANCE In order to understand the role of human gut microbiome, it is important to know how individual’s gut microbiota are formed. In this study, we tested the host-related factors versus environmental factors to affect gut microbiome and found that the former have a more association. However, we also found that the controlled environment give an effect on the gut microflora as well. This study provides preliminary evidence that differences in the formation and diversity of gut microbiota within a population could be determined by host-related factors rather than environmental factors.
Didactics of Mathematics Profile of Engineering Students: A Case Study in a Multimedia Engineering Degree

Multimedia engineers develop digital content in a wide range of fields that require them to acquire skills in the development of web solutions for those fields. In this study, we evaluated the level of didactic knowledge of mathematics that Multimedia Engineering degree students possess. The aim was to determine whether they are prepared to conceive, design and develop educational multimedia tools for teaching mathematics to primary school children. For this evaluation, the Didactic–Mathematical Knowledge and Elementary Algebraic Reasoning (DMK/EAR) test was carried out on a sample of 50 students in the second year of a Multimedia Engineering Degree. The results were compared with those of teacher training students who receive specific training in mathematics didactics. The study shows that, for most of the variables analysed, the Multimedia student scored better or comparatively equal to the teaching trainee. In conclusion, students of Multimedia Engineering have a solid foundation in the didactics of mathematics, although some deficiencies have been detected in the cognitive dimension and the content in structures, which indicate that they would need to complete their training in these areas.
From prevention focus to adaptivity and creativity: the role of unfulfilled goals and work engagement

ABSTRACT Whereas promotion focus is consistently linked to high adaptivity (i.e., adjustment to changes) and creativity (i.e., generation of useful and original ideas), prevention focus is commonly associated with low adaptivity and creativity. The present study uncovers the conditions under which prevention focus may also have positive effects on adaptivity and creativity. First, we hypothesize that trait-level promotion focus positively relates to day-level adaptivity as well as creativity. More importantly, we hypothesize that trait-level prevention focus positively relates to day-level adaptivity and creativity when day-level goal fulfilment is low (i.e., two-way interactions) and that these effects are stronger when day-level work engagement is high (i.e., three-way interactions). To test our hypotheses, we conducted a daily diary survey among 209 employees from different occupational sectors, over five working days. As expected, trait promotion focus was positively related to adaptivity and creativity. Furthermore, trait prevention focus positively related to both adaptivity and creativity when day-level goal fulfilment was low andday-level work engagement was high (3-way interactions). None of the two-way interaction effects of trait prevention focus and goal fulfilment was significant. Our findings suggest that prevention focus and unfulfilled goals jointly should not only be seen as threats, but also as opportunities for adaptation and creativity.
FiniteAmplitude Power Budget Equations for Acoustic Fish Abundance Estimation

Finiteamplitude (nonlinear) sound propagation effects in seawater may cause measurement errors in fish and zooplankton abundance estimation and species identification for accessible echo sounder transmit electrical power levels and operating frequencies of about 100 kHz and higher. A sufficiently validated framework to quantify, control, and compensate for such errors in these applications is not available. The conventional power budget equations in fisheries acoustics are valid for smallamplitude signals only. The study aims to fill this “gap”. The conventional theory is generalized to account for finiteamplitude incident sound propagation, arbitrary electrical termination, and the range of electrical and acoustical echo sounder parameters. Equations for use in calibration and oceanic surveying are derived in terms of the backscattering cross section,, and the volume backscattering coefficient,. The “finiteamplitude terms” in these expressions can—for relevant transmit electrical power levels of relevant echo sounders—be measured in controlled tank experiments. Alternatively, they can be calculated using numerical models. The resulting equations enable estimation of finiteamplitude measurement errors in these applications; development of recommended upper limits for echo sounder power levels; controlled reduction of finiteamplitude errors in calibration and surveying; and development of correction factors for survey data already subjected to such measurement errors.
A Telespirometer for the Developing World

There are numerous examples in which the introduction of expensive medical equipment into the developing world fail for lack of understanding of the device, lack of spares or poor maintenance. This paper describes the development of a Fleisch pneumotachograph and cellphone based telespirometer that can easily be built from “junk box” medical and electronic components available in the developing world. This approach should introduce a sense of local ownership to the project as well as encouraging participation by the local electronics repair industry. Experimental results confirm that the forced expiratory flow data are reliably modulated onto an audio signal and transmitted by cellphone to a base station for examination by a district nurse or doctor. Flow measurement and data transmission accuracies are sufficiently good for remote diagnoses of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Resprouting Responses Dynamics of Schima superba Following a Severe Ice Storm in Early 2008 in Southern China: A Six-Year Study

In 2008, an unexpected and severe ice storm affected the forest of southern China. This storm caused damage in regeneration of an important dominant tree, Schima superba (Gugertree). To study this damage, we set up permanent monitoring plots in an ice-storm-damaged subtropical evergreen broad-leaved secondary forest dominated by S.superba in Jianglang Mountains, China. We surveyed the damage to all trees with a minimum basal diameter of 4 cm and monitored their growth for 6 consecutive years. We analyzed the degrees and types of damage for S.superba and their relationships with resprouting characteristics. The results revealed that the main damage types of S.superba were decapitation (45.45%) and uprooting (28.41%). The distribution percentage for both decapitated and uprooted trees were commonly highest in the range of 10–16 cm basal diameter (BD) size class. A great number of individuals sprouted vigorously after the storm. The mean total sprout number and sprout biomass per tree for S.superba varied by tree BD size class. During the first three years after the ice storm, decapitated trees of larger BD classes produced more sprouts per tree than trees of smaller BD classes. However, the opposite trend was seen in uprooted and leaning trees. There was a trade-off between the total number and length of the sprouts. The difference of mean sprouts number and biomass per tree with size class was mainly related to the damage types. As the recovery progressed since the ice storm, the number of sprouts and sprout biomass in uprooted trees was found mainly on the middle trunk sections of uprooted trees, but in the upper sections of decapitated trees. After six years, the mean number of sprouts per tree, on different parts of the tree and for the three types of damaged trees all declined; however, sprout biomass per tree all increased. The mean number of sprout and sprout biomass per tree on different sections for decapitated trees was always highest over time since the storm. Our study will help to provide data on resprouting ability to develop a predictive model for resprouting.
Swedish exceptionalism? Investigating the effect of associational involvement on generalized trust with panel data

ABSTRACT For some time been it has been hypothesized that involvement in civic associations creates generalized social trust. Yet, prior panel data studies, based mainly on data collected in Australia, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, have found little support for the existence of such an effect. This article adds further empirical knowledge, focusing on Sweden. The evidence presented here is the first to provide support for the hypothesis using a survey that allows panel data models. In the conclusions, it is discussed whether the differing findings may depend on Sweden being a particularly favourable environment, considering its comparatively democratic and prosperous associational life; or if the reason is that the data at hand do not allow using exactly the same panel models as in some of the prior studies.
mRNA stem-loops can pause the ribosome by hindering A-site tRNA binding

Although the elongating ribosome is an efficient helicase, certain mRNA stem-loop structures are known to impede ribosome movement along mRNA and stimulate programmed ribosome frameshifting via mechanisms that are not well understood. Using biochemical and single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments, we studied how frameshift-inducing stem-loops from E. coli dnaX mRNA and the gag-pol transcript of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) perturb translation elongation. We find that upon encountering the ribosome, the stem-loops strongly inhibit A-site tRNA binding and ribosome intersubunit rotation that accompanies translation elongation. Electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) reveals that the HIV stem-loop docks into the A site of the ribosome. Our results suggest that mRNA stem-loops can transiently escape ribosome helicase by binding to the A site. Thus, the stem-loops can modulate gene expression by sterically hindering tRNA binding and inhibiting translation elongation.