Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long Non-Coding RNAs Within Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Promote BMSC Osteogenesis in a Bone Fracture Rat Model

Purpose To investigate the effect of macrophage exosomal long non-coding (lnc)RNAs on bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis and the associated mechanism. Methods Rat BMSCs and spleen macrophages were co-cultured with serum derived from the fracture microenvironment of rat tibia. BMSC osteogenesis was evaluated using Alizarin red staining and the expression of BMP-2, RUNX2, OPN, and OC mRNA. BMSC osteogenesis was evaluated after co-culture with macrophages stimulated using hypoxic conditions or colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The uptake of macrophage-derived exosomes by BMSCs was evaluated using the exosome uptake assay. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify key lncRNAs in the macrophage exosomes. The effect of lncRNA expression levels on BMSC osteogenesis was also assessed using a lncRNA overexpression plasmid and siRNA technology. M1 and M2 macrophages were distinguished using flow cytometry and the key exosomal lncRNA was detected by in situ hybridization. Results In the fracture microenvironment, macrophages (stimulated using either hypoxia or CSF) significantly increased the osteogenic ability of BMSCs. We showed that BMSCs assimilated macrophage-derived vesicles and that the inhibition of exosomal secretion significantly attenuated the macrophage-mediated induction of BMSC osteogenesis. The hypoxia condition led to the up-regulation of 310 lncRNAs and the down-regulation of 575 lncRNAs in macrophage exosomes, while CSF stimulation caused the up-regulation of 557 lncRNAs and the down-regulation of 407 lncRNAs. In total, 108 lncRNAs were co-up-regulated and 326 lncRNAs were co-down-regulated under both conditions. We eventually identified LOC103691165 as a key lncRNA that promoted BMSC osteogenesis and was expressed at similar levels in both M1 and M2 macrophages. Conclusion In the fracture microenvironment, M1 and M2 macrophages promoted BMSC osteogenesis by secreting exosomes containing LOC103691165.
Conditional Stability Estimates and Regularization with Applications to Cauchy Problems for the Helmholtz Equation

In this article we consider the problem of reconstructing solutions x† of ill-posed problems Ax = y where A is a linear operator between Hilbert spaces X and Y. We assume that instead of exact data some noisy data y δ ∈ Y with ‖y − y δ‖ ≤ δ are given and that x† possesses a certain solution smoothness that we describe by x† ∈ M with some source set M ⊂ X. We discuss the following questions: (i) Which best possible accuracy can be obtained for identifying x† from noisy data y δ ∈ Y under the assumptions ‖y − y δ‖ ≤ δ and x† ∈ M? (ii) How to regularize such that the best possible accuracy can be guaranteed? We apply our results to Cauchy problems for the Helmholtz equation and show that, depending on different smoothness situations, the best possible accuracy may be of Hölder type, of logarithmic type, or of some other type. In addition, we study regularization methods that provide the best possible accuracy. In case of appropriate a posteriori parameter choice, the best possible order of accuracy can be obtained without using any smoothness information for x†.
Effects of cation distribution on the magnetic and electrical properties of cobalt ferrite

Variation of the saturation magnetization, the electrical resistivity, the Hall parameters, and the Seebeck coefficient with quenching temperature was measured in cobalt ferrites, Co/sub x/Fe/sub 3-x/O/sub 4/ (x=0.94, 0.97, 1.00, and 1.03). With increasing quenching temperature, the saturation magnetization of cobalt ferrites increases and the electrical resistivity decreases. The Hall measurements indicate that the decrease in the electrical resistivity in cobalt ferrites is attributed to increase of the electron concentration. The conducting mechanism of cobalt ferrites, except for Co/sub 1.03/Fe/sub 1.97/O/sub 4/, is identified to be n-type. For Co/sub 1.03/Fe/sub 1.97/O/sub 4/, however, the conducting mechanism changes from p-type (for the furnace-cooled specimen) to n-type (for the specimens gas-quenched at 900 and 1200 degrees C). The changes in the saturation magnetization, electron concentration, and Seebeck coefficient of cobalt ferrites by quenching heat treatment are related to the Fe ion migration from tetrahedral sites to octahedral sites and the charge conversion of the Fe ions accompanying site change. >
Intracycle Velocity Variation in Swimming: A Systematic Scoping Review

Intracycle velocity variation is a swimming relevant research topic, focusing on understanding the interaction between hydrodynamic propulsive and drag forces. We have performed a systematic scoping review to map the main concepts, sources and types of evidence accomplished. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as the Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Symposia Proceedings Book, with manual searches, snowballing citation tracking, and external experts consultation. The eligibility criteria included competitive swimmers’ intracycle velocity variation assessment of any sex, distance, pace, swimming technique and protocol. Studies’ characteristics were summarized and expressed in an evidence gap map, and the risk of bias was judged using RoBANS. A total of 76 studies, corresponding to 68 trials involving 1440 swimmers (55.2 and 34.1% males and females), were included, with only 20 (29.4%) presenting an overall low risk of bias. The front crawl was the most studied swimming technique and intracycle velocity variation was assessed and quantified in several ways, leading to extremely divergent results. Researchers related intracycle velocity variation to coordination, energy cost, fatigue, technical proficiency, velocity, swimming techniques variants and force. Future studies should focus on studying backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly at high intensities, in young, youth and world-class swimmers, as well as in IVV quantification.
Disruption of the bottom log layer in large-eddy simulations of full-depth Langmuir circulation

Abstract We report on disruption of the log layer in the resolved bottom boundary layer in large-eddy simulations (LES) of full-depth Langmuir circulation (LC) in a wind-driven shear current in neutrally-stratified shallow water. LC consists of parallel counter-rotating vortices that are aligned roughly in the direction of the wind and are generated by the interaction of the wind-driven shear with the Stokes drift velocity induced by surface gravity waves. The disruption is analysed in terms of mean velocity, budgets of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and budgets of TKE components. For example, in terms of mean velocity, the mixing due to LC induces a large wake region eroding the classical log-law profile within the range $90\lt { x}_{3}^{+ } \lt 200$. The dependence of this disruption on wind and wave forcing conditions is investigated. Results indicate that the amount of disruption is primarily determined by the wavelength of the surface waves generating LC. These results have important implications for turbulence parameterizations for Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of the coastal ocean.
Comparison of performance limits for carbon nanoribbon and carbon nanotube transistors

Carbon-based nanostructures promise near ballistic transport and are being intensively explored for device applications. In this letter, the performance limits of carbon nanoribbon (CNR) field-effect transistors (FETs) and carbon nanotube (CNT) FETs are compared. The ballistic channel conductance and the quantum capacitance of the CNRFET are about a factor of 2 smaller than those of the CNTFET because of the different valley degeneracy factors for CNRs and CNTs. The intrinsic speed of the CNRFET is faster due to a larger average carrier injection velocity. The gate capacitance plays an important role in determining which transistor delivers a larger on current.
ON WHETHER OR NOT VOYAGER 1 HAS CROSSED THE HELIOPAUSE

The Voyager 1 spacecraft is currently in the vicinity of the heliopause, which separates the heliosphere from the local interstellar medium. There has been a precipitous decrease in particles accelerated in the heliosphere, and a substantial increase in galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), suggesting easy escape of the former across the heliopause, and entry of the latter. The question is, has Voyager 1 actually crossed the heliopause and is it now in the interstellar medium? We contend that the evidence is inconclusive. The direction of the magnetic field observed by Voyager 1 is unchanged from the direction of the heliospheric magnetic field, and different from the expected direction of the interstellar magnetic field. However, the plasma density, which is measured from observations of plasma waves, is similar to the expected interstellar density and much larger than the solar wind plasma density observed by Voyager 2 (which has a working plasma detector) at smaller heliocentric distances than Voyager 1. In this paper, an analytic model is presented that is based upon and is consistent with all Voyager observations, and in which the higher plasma densities measured by Voyager 1 are due simply to compressed solar wind. Thus both the magnetic field and the plasma density observations are consistent with Voyager 1 still remaining well within the heliosheath. The model has a simple test: Voyager 1 should encounter a magnetic sector boundary crossing, where the behavior of particles accelerated in the heliosphere and the GCRs will be different from what Voyager 1 is now observing.
Device performance and transport properties of high gain metamorphic InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors at elevated temperature

A detailed DC characterization of metamorphic InP/InGaAs/InP DHBT's in the temperature range of 300 K to 400 K was carried out and the carrier transport properties were investigated. Our experiments reveal that band-to-band recombination is the dominant mechanism for the base current indicating the good base material quality for the metamorphic HBT structures.
All-optical nonlinear frequency—Mixing acoustics of cracks

Recent advances in all-optical evaluation of nonlinear cracks are reviewed. In experiments, the nonlinear acoustic waves are initiated by the absorption of radiation from a pair of laser beams intensity-modulated at two different frequencies. The detection of the acoustic waves at mixed frequencies, absent in the frequency spectrum of the laser intensity, is achieved by optical interferometry or deflectometry. The high contrast in crack imaging achieved by remote optical monitoring of the nonlinear acoustic processes is due to the strong dependence of the optoacoustic conversion efficiency on the state of the crack. The highest acoustic nonlinearity is observed in the transitional state of the crack, which is intermediate between the open and the closed ones. Several crack parameters can be estimated from the measurements of the dependence of the acoustic spectrum on the pump laser intensity. One-dimensional theory of the nonlinear frequency-mixing photo-acoustic crack imaging is presented. The theory rel.
Modeling Synthetic Jets for Low-Re Airfoil Unsteady Flow Control

Synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) may be carefully designed to alleviate the negative impact of impinging flow non-uniformities on the aircraft wing unsteady aerodynamic response. The current study investigates the effectiveness of SJAs for active control of unsteady flow over SD7003 low-Re airfoil in presence of a high-amplitude upstream flow disturbance characterized by a sharp-edge gust. In the adopted numerical procedure, the actuator's dimensional scaling and excitation frequency effects are first examined for a specific SJA configuration using a Lumped Element Model. The next step employs a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis to determine simple fluctuating-velocity boundary condition at the bottom of the actuator's orifice. The orifice with the properly defined boundary condition is then embedded into the airfoil surface for conducting high-accuracy viscous analysis of active flow control during gust-airfoil interaction process. Results of numerical simulations indicate that the SJA positive effe.
Scalar mixing from a concentrated source in turbulent channel flow

The mixing of a scalar (temperature) emitted from a concentrated line source in fully developed high-aspect-ratio turbulent channel flow is studied. The motivation for the work is to study the effect of the inhomogeneity on the scalar dispersion. It is most readily carried out in a flow that is inhomogeneous in only one direction, i.e. channel flow. Experiments were performed at two Reynolds numbers ($\hbox{\it Reacute;\,{\equiv}\,\langle U(y=h)\rangle h/\nu\,{=}\,10\,400$ and 22800), three wall-normal source locations ($y_s/h\,{=}\,0.067$, 0.17 and 1.0) and six downstream distances ($4.0 \,{\le}\, x/h \,{\le}\,22.0$). Both the mean and r.m.s. temperature profiles were found to be described well by truncated Gaussian distributions. In contrast to homogeneous flows, (i) the growth rates of the mean profile widths did not exhibit power law behaviours, (ii) the centres of the r.m.s. profiles were found to drift towards the centre of the channel for plumes emanating from off-centreline source locations and (iii) the r.m.s. profiles showed no tendency towards double peaks far downstream, as are observed in homogeneous flows. For near-wall source locations, the probability density function (PDF) of the scalar fluctuations evolved from a quasi-Gaussian distribution near the wall to a strongly positively skewed PDF (with a large spike at the cold-fluid temperature) for transverse locations away from the wall. Increasing the Reynolds number was found to improve the mixing, even though this decreases the amount of time for which the scalar can mix (owing to the more rapid advection). For the centreline source location, the PDF shape was, in general, more spiked, indicating the importance of the flapping of the plume in this case. The effect of the meandering of the plume was less significant when the plume was bounded by the wall. Second- and third-order velocity–temperature correlations were presented. The differences in their profiles for the near-wall and centreline source locations were distinct.
Size-dependent photoluminescence of hexagonal nanopillars with single InGaAs∕GaAs quantum wells fabricated by selective-area metal organic vapor phase epitaxy

The authors report the fabrication of the nanopillars with single InGaAs∕GaAs quantum well by selective-area metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. The standard diameter deviation of the nanopillars is about 8% and the standard deviation in their height about 5%. Their photoluminescence peak positions shift to the longer wavelength with an increase in the diameter of the nanopillars, which is not due to the quantum confinement effect in the radial or axial direction but due to the stoichiometry difference of the indium content in the nanopillars with different diameters.
Unemployment Status Subsequent to Cancer Diagnosis and Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Simple Summary In the future, numbers of cancer survivors will increase due to early detection and new therapies, but it is important to consider the long-term consequences of disease and treatment. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of cancer and treatment on the employment status of cancer survivors. Implementing a strict selection of articles to be analyzed, in order to mitigate the interference of publication and selection bias on the final results, we highlighted how cancer, treatments, and related disabilities are risk factors for unemployment. We believe that the negative influence of cancer on people’s lives, including in terms of employment status with consequential fallout for morbidity and mortality, needs to be addressed by promoting health and social welfare support programs from diagnosis to follow-up, substantiating patient involvement in treatment choices. Abstract The purpose of our study is to examine whether cancer and treatments are associated with job loss or changes in employment status. Eight prospective studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with a population aged 18–65 years, analyzing treatment regimen and psychophysical and social status in post-cancer follow-up of at least 2 years. In the meta-analysis, a comparison was made between recovered unemployed cases and cases from a standard reference population. Results are summarized graphically using a forest plot. We showed that cancer and subsequent treatment are risk factors for unemployment with an overall relative risk of 7.24 (lnRR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.32–2.63) or for change in employment status. Individuals undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment and those with brain and colorectal cancers are more likely to develop disabilities that negatively affect the risk of unemployment. Finally, variables such as low level education, female sex, older age, and being overweight before starting therapy are associated with higher risk of unemployment. In the future, it will be necessary for people with cancer to have access to specific health, social welfare, and employment support programs. In addition, it is desirable that they become more involved in their choice of therapeutic treatment.
Different Conical Angle Connection of Implant and Abutment Behavior: A Static and Dynamic Load Test and Finite Element Analysis Study

Dental implants are artificial dental roots anchoring prosthetic restorations to replace natural teeth. Dental implant systems may have different tapered conical connections. Our research focused on the mechanical examination of implant–superstructure connections. Thirty-five samples with 5 different cone angles (24°, 35°, 55°, 75°, and 90°) were tested for static and dynamic loads, carried out by a mechanical fatigue testing machine. Fixing screws were fixed with a torque of 35 Ncm before measurements. For static loading, samples were loaded with a force of 500 N in 20 s. For dynamic loading, the samples were loaded for 15,000 cycles with a force of 250 ± 150 N. In both cases, the compression resulting from load and reverse torque was examined. At the highest compression load of the static tests, a significant difference (p = 0.021) was found for each cone angle group. Following dynamic loading, significant differences (p < 0.001) for the reverse torques of the fixing screw were also shown. Static and dynamic results showed a similar trend: under the same loading conditions, changing the cone angle—which determines the relationship between the implant and the abutment—had led to significant differences in the loosening of the fixing screw. In conclusion, the greater the angle of the implant–superstructure connection, the smaller the screw loosening due to loading, which may have considerable effects on the long-term, safe operation of the dental prosthesis.
Using MaxEnt Model to Predict the Potential Distribution of Three Potentially Invasive Scarab Beetles in China

Simple Summary Based on the occurrence records and bioclimatic variables, the MaxEnt model was used to predict the potential geographical distribution of Heteronychus arator, Oryctes boas and Amphimallon majale worldwide, and we also discuss the possible distribution of Popillia japonica, Heteronychus arator, Oryctes monoceros, Oryctes boas and Amphimallon majale. The results showed that every continent has potential distribution areas for these species. In China, the potential distribution of Popillia japonica and Amphimallon majale was mainly concentrated in central eastern regions, while the presence of Heteronychus arator and Oryctes boas was mainly concentrated in the southwest areas. Oryctes monoceros has no possible distribution at present. Based on the predicted results, we recommend that the government carry out species monitoring to minimize financial losses. Abstract A hot topic in recent years is the prediction of the potential distribution of possible invasive insects. China is facing a great challenge due to invasive insects. Scarab beetles are a highly diverse group, and many of them are well-known invasive insects. Here, in order to prevent the invasion of scarab beetles in China, we screened the invasive insects globally and obtained a preliminary database of quarantine or invasive scarab beetles. From the obtained database, we selected the top five species (Popillia japonica, Heteronychus arator, Oryctes monoceros, Oryctes boas and Amphimallon majale) to discuss and analyzed the potential distribution of three species that have not invaded China by using the MaxEnt model. The prediction results show that every continent has potential distribution areas for these species. Specifically within China, Popillia japonica and Amphimallon majale were mainly concentrated in east central regions and Heteronychus arator and Oryctes boas were mainly distributed in the southwest areas, while Oryctes monoceros has no suitable area. Notably, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang province had a high risk of invasion. In general, local agriculture, forestry and customs departments in China should pay more attention to monitoring for the prevention of infestation by invasive insects.
Dietary Sodium and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review

(1) Introduction: Restriction in sodium intake is an important strategy for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, considering the direct influence of high-sodium diet consumption on the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. There are only a few studies dealing with the influence of dietary sodium on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this systematic review, evidence in humans and animal models was compiled in a critical view of the influence of dietary sodium intake patterns on NAFLD markers; (2) Methods: Systematic review of PubMed data. Clinical outcomes included the prevalence/incidence of NAFLD for human studies, and NAFLD markers (hepatic lipogenesis, and markers of steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation) for animal studies. The protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO; CRD42023390447); (3) Results and Conclusion: Seven studies in humans and eight in animals were included. All studies in humans were observational and associated high-sodium intake with NAFLD. However, in animals, both the increased and reduced consumption of sodium negatively influenced markers of liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.
THE EXPECTED SHORTFALL OF QUADRATIC PORTFOLIOS WITH HEAVY‐TAILED RISK FACTORS

Computable expressions are derived for the Expected Shortfall of portfolios whose value is a quadratic function of a number of risk factors, as arise from a Delta–Gamma–Theta approximation. The risk factors are assumed to follow an elliptical multivariate t distribution, reflecting the heavy‐tailed nature of asset returns. Both an exact expression and a uniform asymptotic expansion are presented. The former involves only a single rapidly convergent integral. The latter is essentially explicit, and numerical experiments suggest that its error is negligible compared to that incurred by the Delta–Gamma–Theta approximation.