Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Strengthening Character Education at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ikhlas Tulang Bawang

Purpose: This study aims to determine the planning, organizing, implementation, and assessment of strengthening the character education of students at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ikhlas Tulang Bawang. Research Methodology: This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological model. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and document study. The data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Results: Planning to strengthen character education starts from determining the vision, mission and objectives of the Islamic boarding school. Organizing the strengthening of character education in the formation and division of tasks. The implementation of strengthening character education is carried out by means of boarding school caretakers. Assessment of strengthening character education was done by evaluating to find out that students and female students already have character education according to the objectives of the Islamic boarding school. Limitations: The limitations of this research are the lack of document studies and the process of obtaining the data due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Contribution: Theoretically, result of this study can develop theoretical concepts about education administration. Practically, the results can serve as a guideline for Islamic boarding schools in developing character education.
Use of transgenic mouse models to understand the oral disposition and drug-drug interaction potential of cobimetinib, a MEK inhibitor

Data from the clinical absolute bioavailability (F) study with cobimetinib suggested that F was lower than predicted based on its low hepatic extraction and good absorption. The CYP3A4 transgenic mouse model with differential expression of CYP3A4 in the liver (Cyp3a -/- Tg-3A4 Hep ) or intestine (Cyp3a -/- Tg-3A4 Int ) and both liver and intestine (Cyp3a -/- Tg-3A4 Hep/Int ) were used to study the contribution of intestinal metabolism to the F of cobimetinib. In addition, the effect of CYP3A4 inhibition and induction on cobimetinib exposures was tested in the Cyp3a -/- Tg-3A4 Hep/Int and PXR-CAR-CYP3A4/CYP3A7 mouse models, respectively. After IV administration of 1 mg/kg cobimetinib to wild-type (WT; FVB), Cyp3a -/- Tg-3A4 Hep , Cyp3a -/- Tg-3A4 Int or Cyp3a -/- Tg-3A4 Hep/Int mice, CL (26-35 mL/min/kg) was similar in the CYP3A4 transgenic and WT mice. After oral administration of 5 mg/kg cobimetinib, the AUC of cobimetinib in WT, Cyp3a -/- Tg-3A4 Hep , Cyp3a -/- Tg-3A4 Int or Cyp3a -/- Tg-3A4 Hep/Int mice were 1.35, 3.39, 1.04 and 0.701 μ M.h, respectively. The ~80% lower AUC of cobimetinib in transgenic mice when intestinal CYP3A4 was present suggested that intestinal first pass contributed to the oral CL of cobimetinib. Oxidative metabolites observed in human circulation were also observed in the transgenic mice. In drug-drug interactions (DDI) studies using Cyp3a -/-
Family as a Third Space for AI Literacies: How do children and parents learn about AI together?

Many families engage daily with artificial intelligence (AI) applications, from conversations with a voice assistant to mobile navigation searches. While there are known ways for youth to learn about AI, we do not yet understand how to engage parents in this process. To explore parents’ roles in helping their children develop AI literacies, we designed 11 learning activities organized into four topics: image classification, object recognition, interaction with voice assistants, and unplugged AI co-design. We conducted a 5-week online in-home study with 18 children (5 to 11 years old) and 16 parents. We identify parents’ most common roles in supporting their children and consider the benefits of parent-child partnerships when learning AI literacies. Finally, we discuss how our different activities supported parents’ roles and present design recommendations for future family-centered AI literacies resources.
Effects of feeding systems on yield and performance of Linda geese (Anserinae sp.) in hot climatic conditions

This study evaluated the effects of various types of feeding on fattening period and performance of Linda geese. Feeding patterns consisted of concentrate feed-based intensive and pasture feed-based semi-intensive. A total of 150 goslings aged three days were divided into two groups, each consisting of three replications. All groups were given rations containing 23% crude protein and 3100 kcal/kg ME in weeks 0–6, and rations containing 20% crude protein 3100 kcal/kg ME between weeks 7 and 17. After the seventh week, the feed for the semi-intensive group was diluted with 20% barley and from the tenth week, this group started to graze on pasture. Live weight gain of the two groups was similar, although geese kept indoors consumed more concentrate. Feed protein digestion of geese was similar in the two feeding types. Digestion-related visceral weight in the pasture-supplemented group increased, whereas carcass weight decreased. Growth curves were used to estimate the age of Linda geese to the end of the fattening period. The average slaughter age was the fourth and fifth months, as indicated by Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Gompertz growth models, which used the data from the third week. Concentrate feeding enabled Linda geese to reach earlier higher slaughter weight, although it was not considered economical. Although averages of bodyweight gain over the trial appeared slightly better in the concentrate-based intensive group, the results revealed that concentrate feed supplement and pasture may be the best and most economical form of feeding for Linda geese.
The impact of cCalibratingng the soil organic carbon model Yasso20 with multiple datasets

Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) models are important tools in determiningfor assessing global SOC 10 distributions and how carbon stocks are affected by climate change. Their performances are, however, affected by data and methods used to calibrate them. Here we study how the Yasso SOC model performs if calibrated individually or with multiple datasets and how the chosen calibration method affected the parameter estimation. We found that when calibrated with multiple datasets, the model showed a better global performance compared to a single dataset calibration. Furthermore, our results show that more advanced calibration algorithms should 15 be used for SOC models due to the multiple local maximas in the likelihood space.
“Materiality is ...”: Sensemaking and Sensegiving through Storytelling

Purpose – To explore the role and implications of storytelling and narrative as a means of making sense of, and giving sense to, the ambiguous concept of materiality. Design/methodology/approach – The use of stories was ‘discovered’ through the authors’ attempts to ‘make sense’ of data from sixteen interviews with participants from the financial and nonfinancial reporting and assurance contexts. We analyse the participants’ use of stories through a sensemaking/sensegiving lens. Findings – While participants struggle to define what materiality is ̧ they are able to tell ‘stories’ about materiality in action. We find stories are a key vehicle through which participants make sense of and give sense to materiality, for themselves and (an)other. Participants tell three types of stories in sensemaking/sensegiving processes: the lived, the adopted, and the hypothetical. We further identify ‘rehearsed’ and ‘ongoing’ narratives, which take any of the three story types. The use of stories to make and give sense to materiality reveals a disconnect between the static, technical definitions of materiality currently favoured by standard setters and guidance providers, and the creative authoring processes the participants employ. Practical implications –We argue for a move towards the use of stories and narratives about materiality in standard setting, specifically ‘materiality in action’, which our findings suggest may assist in creating shared understandings of the ambiguous concept. Originality/value – While previous research considers what materiality means within financial and nonfinancial reporting and assurance contexts, we empirically analyse how people understand and make sense/give sense to materiality. We also contribute to the use of sensemaking/sensegiving processes within the accounting literature.
Surface modification of a ferritic ductile iron through plasma nitriding 

This text describes the plasma nitriding of a ductile iron, to increase the surface hardness and improve its wear behavior. A ferritic ductile iron was used and processed with gases (N 2 + H 2 ) for 5 hours in a treatment chamber built at the UNAM Physics Institute. The treated samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, microhardness and X-ray diffraction. The presence of Fe-N compounds was corroborated on the surface of the material. Modifications in surface morphology and a 30% increase in microhardness were also obtained.
Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Veneering Porcelain to Zirconia Core using Different Surface Treatments: An in Vitro Study

Surface treatments are needed to improve bond strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain. The purpose of this study was to test the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic to zirconia core after different surface treatments. The aims and objectives of the study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatments on shear bond strength between zirconia and veneering ceramic and to compare the effect of surface treatments on shear bond strength. A total of 30 square shaped zirconia samples were prepared and then divided into three groups on the basis of surface treatment. The three different surface treatments were: airborne abrasion (Group A), application of liner (Group B) and application of slurry of dentine (Group C). A cylinder of veneering ceramic was then fabricated and fired on the zirconia specimens. Each specimen was then tested for shear bond strength with the help of universal testing machine. The mean and SD shear bond strengths of the groups ranged from for (Group A) 16.01±2.57 MPa, (Group B) 15.14±1.76 MPa to (group C) 21.33± 4.16 MPa. Group C had the maximum shear bond strength followed by Group A with Group B showing minimum
A trajectorial approach to relative entropy dissipation of McKean–Vlasov diffusions: Gradient flows and HWBI inequalities

We formulate a trajectorial version of the relative entropy dissipation identity for McKean$-$Vlasov diffusions, extending the results of the papers [FJ16,KST20a], which apply to non-interacting diffusions. Our stochastic analysis approach is based on time-reversal of diffusions and Lions' differential calculus over Wasserstein space. It allows us to compute explicitly the rate of relative entropy dissipation along every trajectory of the underlying diffusion via the semimartingale decomposition of the corresponding relative entropy process. As a first application, we obtain a new interpretation of the gradient flow structure for the granular media equation, generalizing the formulation in [KST20a] developed for the linear Fokker$-$Planck equation. Secondly, we show how the trajectorial approach leads to a new derivation of the HWBI inequality, which relates relative entropy (H), Wasserstein distance (W), barycenter (B) and Fisher information (I).
Ergonomic and Sociodemographic Factors as Predictors of Bag-Use Related Musculoskeletal Pain among School Going Children

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine if sociodemographic factors and ergonomic factors influence bag use related musculoskeletal pain in Kenyan school going children population. Design: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and Quantitative methods were adopted. Setting: The study was carried out in Nairobi County Sample: Systematic random sampling was used in selecting children who used backpacks. Starehe Sub –county was purposively selected for the study due to the diverse nature of the population in terms of socio-economic status (n = 248) Analysis: Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, chi-square test of independence and logistic regression. Main outcome measures: Bag-use related musculoskeletal pain, socio demographic factors and ergonomic factors. Results: Most of the participants (25.1%) reported lower back pain while 16.9% had neck pains. 247 (65%) were from the public primary schools while 132 (35%) were drawn from private primary schools. There was almost equal representation from both gender, 194 (51.2%) of the respondents were males and 185 (48.8%) females. Majority, 279 (73.6%) reported that they experienced pain when carrying school bag. There was no significant association between gender and pain (p>0.05). However, age and pupil’s weight were significantly associated with pain (p<0.05). Chi square test also indicated that factors such as backpack weight, rest breaks from carrying backpack, academic stress, method of backpack carriage, body posture on carriage were significantly associated with pain (p<0.05). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal pain was significantly associated with school bag weight, rest breaks from carrying bag, method of bag carriage and body posture on carriage. Recommendations: The school management including the teachers should encourage pupils to carry lighter backpack (less than 15% of pupil’s body weight) and wearing bag on both shoulders. Future studies should focus on differences in pain among pupils in the urban and rural settings.
Lantana camara: A Potential Weed Plant against Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria

Weed plants have always been a cause of worry for human beings ever since the set-up of agricultural civilization. They not only pose a threat against domesticated plants or forests but also to human health as they are the potential allergens capable of causing allergies, respiratory diseases which in fatal cases may even lead to death. One such specific weed Lantana camara which are now spread worldwide is the good example. Lantana camara are nowadays tested for there anti-microbial activity and also against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria and most of these tests have showed response against MDR in prohibiting its growth. This review paper has attempted to review some of these successfully performed tests.
Optimized Distortion and Proportional Fairness in Voting

A voting rule decides on a probability distribution over a set of m alternatives, based on rankings of those alternatives provided by agents. We assume that agents have cardinal utility functions over the alternatives, but voting rules have access to only the rankings induced by these utilities. We evaluate how well voting rules do on measures of social welfare and of proportional fairness, computed based on the hidden utility functions. In particular, we study the distortion of voting rules, which is a worst-case measure. It is an approximation ratio comparing the utilitarian social welfare of the optimum outcome to the social welfare produced by the outcome selected by the voting rule, in the worst case over possible input profiles and utility functions that are consistent with the input. The previous literature has studied distortion with unit-sum utility functions (which are normalized to sum to 1), and left a small asymptotic gap in the best possible distortion. Using tools from the theory of fair multi-winner elections, we propose the first voting rule which achieves the optimal distortion Θ(√m) for unit-sum utilities. Our voting rule also achieves optimum Θ(√m) distortion for a larger class of utilities, including unit-range and approval (0/1) utilities. We then take a similar worst-case approach to a quantitative measure of the fairness of a voting rule, called proportional fairness. Informally, it measures whether the influence of cohesive groups of agents on the voting outcome is proportional to the group size. We show that there is a voting rule which, without knowledge of the utilities, can achieve an O(log m)-approximation to proportional fairness, which is the best possible approximation. As a consequence of its proportional fairness, we show that this voting rule achieves O(log m) distortion with respect to the Nash welfare, and selects a distribution that is approximately stable by being an O(log m)-approximation to the core, making it interesting for applications in participatory budgeting.
Water quality studies in Kranji catchment, Singapore: use of organic tracers and polyethylene devices for identifying potential sewage sources

The objective of this study was to identify organic compounds that could serve as indicators of potential human fecal contamination sources to the Kranji Reservoir in Singapore and could be used as confirmation indicators along with bacteria indicators. The compounds chosen as potential tracers were nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs), as these are indicative of sewage and have been found at measurable concentrations in rivers and streams elsewhere in Asia. Polyethylene devices (PEDs) were used as passive samplers to measure NP and NPEs in stormwater drains in Kranji Catchment, deployed in areas of different land use in order to obtain an overview of concentration ranges across the catchment and provide an indication of where and why these compounds could be found. Laboratory results showed that NP and NPEs were present in non-residential areas and preliminary modeling of corresponding water concentrations indicates potentially risky concentrations of NP in the water in some stormwater drains. More information is needed on detergents in Singapore to further evaluate using NPEs as sewage indicators. Future studies should be done to confirm concentrations in Kranji Catchment water to verify if there is a risk to the ecosystem's health as NP and NPEs are known endocrine disruptors.
East-West Revisited: Is Holistic Thinking Relational Thinking?

Analogical reasoning is at the core of human cognition, but is it universal? Do people from different cultures reason analogically in the same way? Despite the prevalence of analogical research, to date, there is almost no cross-cultural work investigating analogical reasoning in adults from nonWEIRD cultures. Here we fill this important gap by revisiting a long-standing cross-cultural difference—the holistic-analytic difference among Easterners and Westerners (Nisbett, 2001)— to ask whether this difference is also evident in analogical reasoning. Decades of cross-cultural research showed that Easterners are more attentive to contextual relations than Westerners, giving way to an untested presumption that Easterners are more relational, more analogical than Westerners. We tested this assumption using the classic holistic-analytic task and scene analogy mapping task with US and Chinese participants. While we replicated the holisticanalytic (East-West) difference, US and Chinese participants did not differ in the analogy task.
Are classroom discussions on controversial political issues in civic education lessons cognitively challenging? A closer look at discussions with assigned positions

Discussing controversial political issues in class provides rich opportunities for cognitively activating learning processes, i.e. in-depth processing of learning content and higher-order thinking processes. However, relating the features of a given argumentative design to specific learning outcomes is a tricky endeavor, as this theoretical paper aims to illustrate through the example of a discussion with assigned positions ( for/against) in civic education classes. The potential of such discussion settings for cognitive activation was examined by considering the features of the overall argumentative design, task configurations, and learning activities. More concretely, it is argued that controversial discussions with assigned positions constitute three different task configurations depending on the relationship between a student’s personal and assigned positions. Based on the ICAP framework (Chi & Wylie, 2014) for cognitive engagement, the paper further shows that students may take part in various modes of learning activities within a single instructional setting (although to different degrees). These findings point to the need to develop “more local” (Mandl & Renkl, 1992) or “middle-range” theories (Mutz , 2008) of learning through argumentation.
Artistic Style Transfer with Internal-external Learning and Contrastive Learning

Although existing artistic style transfer methods have achieved signiﬁcant im-provement with deep neural networks, they still suffer from artifacts such as disharmonious colors and repetitive patterns. Motivated by this, we propose an internal-external style transfer method with two contrastive losses. Speciﬁcally, we utilize internal statistics of a single style image to determine the colors and texture patterns of the stylized image, and in the meantime, we leverage the external information of the large-scale style dataset to learn the human-aware style information, which makes the color distributions and texture patterns in the stylized image more reasonable and harmonious. In addition, we argue that existing style transfer methods only consider the content-to-stylization and style-to-stylization relations, neglecting the stylization-to-stylization relations. To address this issue, we introduce two contrastive losses, which pull the multiple stylization embeddings closer to each other when they share the same content or style, but push far away otherwise. We conduct extensive experiments, showing that our proposed method can not only produce visually more harmonious and satisfying artistic images, but also promote the stability and consistency of rendered video clips.
Study on the proposal evaluation system for the EU R&I framework programme Final report

6 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. 7 1 Context and purpose . 7 2 Approach . 8 3 Structure of the report . 11 CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO PROPOSAL EVALUATION PROCESSES IN HORIZON 2020 . 12 1 H2020 proposal evaluation processes . 13 CHAPTER 3: KEY FINDINGS . 16 1 H2020 processes are broadly fair, but fairness should be monitored given the wider evidence of the risk of bias in proposal evaluation processes . 16 2 Work is needed to encourage more female applicants to the framework programmes . 24 3 The majority of the burden of the proposal evaluation process falls on the applicants . 26 4 Although the burden on reviewers is lower than that on applicants, it is worth considering the motivation and rewards for reviewers as a key part of the proposal evaluation process . 28 5 Two-stage application processes are typically intended to reduce burden, but they may actually increase overall burden . 29 6 Novel approaches, such as double-blind review and lotteries, could reduce bias and support more innovative research, but more evidence is needed . 30 7 More flexible use of consensus meetings may reduce reviewer burden and also enable more flexibility in the use of reviewers . 31 8 There may be scope to increase the clarity and consistency of application of funding criteria, for example through a clear framework for assessment and better alignment across actions . 33 9 ERC and MSCA funding processes effectively select candidates with better performance in terms of academic output both postand pre-award, but proposal scores are a weak predictor of performance . 38 10 Horizon 2020 is broadly transparent compared with international benchmarks, but there may be scope to build on this transparency further, particularly at the pre-call stage . 39 11 Peer review–based proposal evaluation processes tend to be conservative, and there are indications this may apply in the case of H2020 . 41 12 Feedback could be more focused on improvement and learning and more clearly structured around the evaluation criteria . 42 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HORIZON EUROPE . 46 REFERENCES . 49