Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Burnout in Healthcare Professionals During the Covid-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care University Hospital: Evaluation of the Need for Psychological Support.

OBJECTIVE Anxiety, stress and burnout are observed in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the levels of anxiety and burnout and related risk factors in the healthcare workers and assistant personnel at a tertiary referral university hospital. METHOD Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were delivered on-line to all employees of our hospital. 683 individuals were to the study who completed and returned the forms between April 15-30, 2020. RESULTS Stress, depression and anxiety levels were significantly higher in nurses. Emotional burnout and depersonalization symptoms were higher and personal accomplishment scores were lower in resident physicians and nurses in comparison to the other groups. Being single, having a child and living away from home were factors underlying the burnout severity. Frontline work in the Covid-19 clinics did not affect the levels of anxiety, stress and depression. On the basis of the cut off points of the HADS scores; anxiety disorder (OR: 7.19) and depression (OR 3.43) were the most relevant risk factors for emotional exhaustion. Anxiety disorder was also the main risk factor for depersonalization. Depersonalization was 2.7-fold more among the nurses complaining of being overworked. Social support from the work environment and the family was protective against depersonalization. CONCLUSION Covid-19 pandemic has adversely affected the wellbeing of healthcare workers. The presence of depression and anxiety increased the risk of burnout. Social support can be expected to protect against burnout. It is, therefore, of great importance to implement urgently effective psychosocial and organizational interventions in order to protect the mental health of healthcare workers and to prevent burnout.
A Preliminary Study on the Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution using Moringa Pods as Bioadsorbent under Column Operation

Moringa pods (MP) was used as bioadsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions under fixed-bed column operation. The bioadsorbent was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface area (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller) and point of zero charge (pH PZC ) were determined. In this study, pH influence (2.0 to 10.0) was evaluated, keeping constant conditions of bed height (11.0 cm), bioadsorbent dose (2.0 g), dye concentration (20 mg L -1 ), volume (25 mL), contact time (24 h) and room temperature. The MB concentration was determined using UV-spectrophotometry at 662 nm. The results showed that the adsorption was pH dependent. The highest dye removal occurs at pH 7.0 ( Eœ 100%). Infrared spectrum and morphological changes observed by SEM indicate the existence of bioadsorption phenomenon. An adsorption mechanism possible by intermolecular interactions was proposed. The study revealed the applicability of MP for removal of MB at low cost, efficient, eco-friendly and relatively neutral pH.
Plasma Neurofilament Light and Future Declines in Cognition and Function in Alzheimer’s Disease in the FIT-AD Trial

Background: Utilities of blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) clinical trials remain unknown. Objective: To evaluate the ability of plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) to predict future declines in cognition and activities of daily living (ADL) outcomes in 26 older adults with mild-to-moderate AD dementia from the FIT-AD Trial. Methods: Plasma NfL was measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Cognition and ADL were assessed using the AD Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog) and AD Uniform Dataset Instruments and Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), respectively, at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the associations between baseline or change in plasma NfL and changes in outcomes. Results: Higher baseline plasma NfL was associated with greater rate of decline in ADAS-Cog from baseline to 6 months (standardized estimate of 0.00462, p = 0.02853) and in ADL from baseline to 12 months (standardized estimate of –0.00284, p = 0.03338). Greater increase in plasma NfL in short term from baseline to 3 months was associated with greater rate of decline in memory and ADL from 3 to 6 months (standardized estimate of –0.04638 [0.003], p = 0.01635; standardized estimate of –0.03818, p = 0.0435) and greater rate of decline in ADL from 3 to 12 month (standardized estimate of –0.01492, p = 0.01082). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that plasma NfL might have the potential to predict cognitive and function decline up to 12 months. However, future studies with bigger sample sizes need to confirm the findings.
Scrutinizing $R$-parity violating interactions in light of $R_{K^{(\ast)}}$ data

The LHCb has measured the ratios of $B\to K^\ast\mu^+\mu^-$ to $B\to K^\ast e^+ e^-$ branching fractions in two dilepton invariant mass squared bins, which deviate from the Standard Model predictions by approximately $2.5\sigma$. These new measurements strengthen the hint of lepton flavor universality breaking which was observed earlier in $B\to K\ell^+\ell^-$ decays. In this work we explore the possibility of explaining these anomalies within the framework of $R$-parity violating interactions. In this framework, $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ transitions are generated through tree and one loop diagrams involving exchange of down-type right-handed squarks, up-type left-handed squarks and left-handed sneutrinos. We find that the tree level contributions are not enough to explain the anomalies, but at one loop, simultaneous explanation of the deviations in $B\to K^\ast\ell^+\ell^-$ and $B\to K\ell^+\ell^-$ is feasible for a parameter space of the Yukawa couplings that is consistent with the bounds coming from $B\to K^{(\ast)}\nu\bar{\nu}$ and $D^0\to \mu^+\mu^-$ decays and $B_s-\bar{B}_s$ mixing.
A novel ultra‐low energy reverse osmosis membrane modified by chitosan with glutaraldehyde crosslinking

The energy consumption of reverse osmosis (RO) has declined significantly since inception and to further decrease the energy consumption is a challenging task. The present article demonstrates the novel method to increase the membrane productivity and reduce energy consumption of desalination. Thin film composite RO (TFC RO) membrane was subjected to 2000 mg/L sodium hypochlorite for 1 h followed by varying concentrations of chitosan and glutaraldehyde for 1 h each to make a hydrophilic supra-molecular assembly of linear polysaccharide over the polyamide layer. RO membrane exposed to 1000 mg/L chitosan and glutaraldehyde each reported 180% increase in water-flux with about 2.7% increase in divalent ion rejection as compared to virgin TFC RO membrane. The superior performance of the membrane was explained by increased hydrophilicity as shown by decline in contact angle from 46.37° to 29.87°, increase in surface area ratio from atomic force microscope image analysis, and modification in chemical structure of polyamide from attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was further investigated that curing of glutaraldehyde treated membrane resulted in decreased water-flux because of increase in crosslink density. Thus, an ultra-low energy RO process can be developed based on polyamide–chitosan–glutaraldehyde membrane. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 135, 45971.
Current and future research efforts in oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer—a systematic review

Background Major progresses in the systemic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were obtained during the last decade, including the use of immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), with impressive results in terms of response and survival rates. Moreover, novel imaging and radiotherapy techniques have allowed the development of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), with high rates of local disease control and minimal toxicity. These factors propelled the use of combined systemic and local treatment strategies in patients with a low burden of metastases—the oligometastatic disease (OMD). Methods We systematically review the evidence from prospective randomized and non-randomized trials on local ablative therapy for OMD NSCLC published until June 2020. In addition, we present a review of the ongoing and/or recruiting trials in the field. Results We included 16 articles, reporting on 14 prospective clinical trials, starting from the pilot trial conducted in the early 2000’s to the recent randomized trials that have showed benefits in survival. We found 24 ongoing trials, which combine multiple local ablative regimens with new systemic therapies, such as new generation TKIs and immunotherapy. Discussion Despite these vast current and ongoing prospective research efforts, there are several issues that impair the generalizability of their findings. These include the heterogeneous definition of OMD, trial design, staging, patient selection, tumor mutational status and treatments used, which may limit their applicability in the clinical practice.
A six-degree-of-freedom proportional-derivative control strategy for bumblebee flight stabilization

Flying insects perform active flight control with flapping wings by continuously adjusting their wing kinematics in stabilizing the body posture to stay aloft under complex natural environment. While the Proportional Derivative (PD) / Proportional Integral Derivative (PID)-based algorithms have been applied to examine specific single degree of freedom (DoF) and/or 3 DoF flight control associated with insect flights, a full 6 DoF flight control strategy remains yet poorly studied. Here we propose a novel 6 DoF PD controller specified for flight stabilization in flapping flights, in which proportional and derivative gains are optimized to facilitate a fast while precise flight control by combing Laplace transformation and root locus method. The vertical position, yaw, pitch and roll are directly stabilized by tuning the wing kinematics while the forward/backward position and lateral position are indirectly stabilized by controlling the pitch and roll, respectively. Coupled with a recently developed flight dynamic model informed by high-fidelity CFD simulation (Cai et al. 2021), this methodology is proven to be effective as a versatile and efficient tool to achieve fast flight stabilization under both small and large perturbations for bumblebee hovering. The 6 DoF PD flight control strategy proposed may provide a useful bioinspired flight-controller design for flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs).
Selective targeting of immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 prevents colitis-associated carcinogenesis

Chronic inflammation is a well-known risk factor for the development of colonic tumorigenesis. In this study, we show that the immunoproteasome (iP) subunit LMP7 plays a crucial role in the progression of colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC). The activity and function of the iP complex has been extensively studied in the context of MHC class I-coupled antigen presentation, inflammation and infectious diseases. Here we show that the absence of LMP7 exerts a protective effect, since the LMP7-deficient mice fail to develop a full scale of carcinogenesis after CAC induction with AOM/DSS treatment. Our findings demonstrate that LMP7 deficiency results in reduced protein expression of pro-tumorigenic cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in the colon after AOM/DSS treatment. Additionally, LMP7-deficient mice also exhibit significantly decreased mRNA levels of pro-tumorigenic chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3, as well as cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1, thus highlighting the role of LMP7 in regulation of these pro-tumorigenic factors. The net result of the lack of pro-tumorigenic cytokines and chemokines is an impaired recruitment and subsequent activity of tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) in the colonic lamina propria. Furthermore, we show that the absence or pharmacological inhibition of LMP7 and the consequent blockade of NF-κB, abrogated the production IL-17A, which possesses a potent carcinogenic activity in the gut. Moreover, in vivo administration of a selective LMP7 inhibitor „ONX-0914‟ during CAC induction reduced the tumour incidence in wild-type (WT) mice. Taken together, we identify the iP complex as a crucial mediator of inflammation-driven colon carcinogenesis and we also propose LMP7 as a potential therapeutic target for CAC to limit the ongoing tumorigenesis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. %%%%Chronische Entzundungen sind ein bekannter Risikofaktor fur die Tumorentstehung im Kolon. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass die Immunoproteasom (iP)-Untereinheit LMP7 eine entscheidende Rolle fur die Entwicklung der Colitis-assoziierten Karzinogenese (CAC) spielt. Die Aktivitat und Funktion des iP-Komplexes wurde bereits im Kontext von MHC-Klasse-I-vermittelter Antigenprasentation, Entzundungen sowie Infektionskrankheiten ausfuhrlich untersucht. Hier zeigen wir, dass die Abwesenheit von LMP7 einen protektiven Effekt ausubt, da LMP7-defiziente Mause nach Induktion einer CAC mit AOM/DSS keine vollstandige Karzinogenese aufweisen. Unsere Ergebnisse belegen, dass die LMP7-Defizienz zu einer verminderten Proteinexpression der proinflammatorischen Zytokine IL-6 und TNF-α im Kolon nach AOM/DSS Behandlung fuhrt. Zusatzlich weisen LMP7-defiziente Mause sowohl signifikant verringerte mRNA-Level der tumorfordernden Chemokine CXCL1, CXCL2 und…
Comparative Study of CT Chest Imaging Spectrum and CT- Severity Scores of Covid-19 Pneumonia Among Patients With and Without Comorbidities

Aim: The present study aimed at comparing the severity of COVID-19 infection on high- resolution chest computed tomography (CT) and spectrum of disease between patients with and without comorbidities. Methods: It is a Retrospective study comprising 110 RT-PCR Covid positive patients who underwent HRCT chest on-day 3-5 of admission. Among 110 patients 55 patients with various comorbidites were taken as Group A. 55 patients without comorbidities were taken as Group B. Both groups were in the similar range of age-group. The subjects were categorized into mild, moderate & severe based on the CT-severity score. Distribution, extent & type of abnormal lung findings were recorded. Results: Among 110 subjects, 4 patients in Group A & 9 patients in Group B did not show any lung abnormalities. Extensive & multiple patches of GGO’s, Multiple patches of consolidation were more in Group A than Group B. Whereas scattered and few patches of GGO’s were present more in Group B. Fibrotic changes like carzy- paving & subpleural bands, vascular dilatation, bronchiectasis were more among Group A than Group B. In both Group A & Group B patients extensive GGO’s, multiple patches of consolidation were present in severe patients. Mild to moderate type patients showed scattered patches of GGO’s, few patchy consolidations. Fibrotic changes were more among severe patients. Conclusion: High CT severity was noted among patients with comorbidities. CT chest findings show that there is extensive involvement of lungs among patients with comorbidities in comparison to patients without comorbidities.
Determining the effects of training duration on the behavioral expression of habitual control in humans: a multilaboratory investigation

It has been suggested that there are two distinct and parallel mechanisms for controlling instrumental behavior in mammals: goal-directed actions and habits. To gain an understanding of how these two systems interact to control behavior, it is essential to characterize the mechanisms by which the balance between these systems is influenced by experience. Studies in rodents have shown that the amount of training governs the relative expression of these two systems: Behavior is goal-directed following moderate training, but the more extensively an instrumental action is trained, the more it becomes habitual. It is less clear whether humans exhibit similar training effects on the expression of goal-directed and habitual behavior, as human studies have reported contradictory findings. To tackle these contradictory findings, we formed a consortium, where four laboratories undertook a preregistered experimental induction of habits by manipulating the amount of training. There was no statistical evidence for a main effect of the amount of training on the formation and expression of habits. However, exploratory analyses suggest a moderating effect of the affective component of stress on the impact of training over habit expression. Participants who were lower in affective stress appeared to be initially goal-directed, but became habitual with increased training, whereas participants who were high in affective stress were already habitual even after moderate training, thereby manifesting insensitivity to overtraining effects. Our findings highlight the importance of the role of moderating variables such as individual differences in stress and anxiety when studying the experimental induction of habits in humans.
Feeding Behavior in Ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii)

Feeding behaviour of Ibisbill was studied in the Kashmir Himalayan River Sindh. Observations on the foraging behaviour were made at six selected sites. The food items consumed by the bird during the study period include aquatic invertebrates, insects, and fishes of smaller size. In a novel finding, the bird was found to feed on a vole (n=2). The main technique used for obtaining prey items was probing, however, pecking was also employed for feeding the larger prey items. A total of 820 observations revealed that the foraging accounted for about 44% of activity time budget in summer while as in winter the foraging was found to contribute to about 62%. Diurnal behavioral rhythms of foraging showed a peak during morning hours (8:00 to 10:00) in summer and in winter the peak was observed during the afternoon (12:00 to 15:00). The probing rate was higher (19.23±0.70) in winter and lower (17.39±0.67) in summer, whereas an inverse trend was observed for capture rate which was higher in summer (8.61±0.46) and lower (5.86±0.27) in winter. The Sindh river was also found to witness anthropogenic activities such as extensive mining (extraction of sand, silt and boulders) and tourism related activities, having a negative impact on the habitat of the bird. From the conservation viewpoint, these habitat impacting activities in this river shall be controlled, to ensure better feeding conditions for Ibisbill and other waterbirds.
Solar Water Splitting To Generate Hydrogen Fuel: Photothermal Electrochemical Analysis

A novel model is derived for electrochemical solar water splitting processes by semiconductors, which is the first derivation of band gap restricted thermal enhanced solar water splitting efficiencies. The theory combines photodriven charge transfer, with excess subband gap insolation to lower the water potential, providing a process of highly efficient elevated temperature solar electrolysis of water to H2 fuel. Solar water splitting can provide clean, renewable sources of H2 fuel. Prior models had indicated only low conversion efficiencies would be attainable. A theoretical basis is developed for solar energy conversion efficiencies in the 50% range as determined for both AM0 and AM1.5 insolation with contemporary thermodynamic values over a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions. The temperature and pressure consistent for a range of systems with various minimum band gaps, Eg min(T,p), are determined. At these values of T and p a photoelectonic conversion efficiency, ηphoto, yields a solar e.
Information and Communication Technology Integration in Different Online Learning Strategies to Facilitate Self-Directed Learning Experience

Online learning is one among the foremost broadly speaking used terms, that has passed within the pitch of education at the side of IT, students, and college need quick and simple access to new technical and academic methods.The online learning methods objects are primarily meant to be used by students for self-study. to boot, instructors will use on-line resources to supplement their room teaching. So, this study discusses several on-line methods that may be applied and investigate in school rooms and live their effectiveness. that an intermingled learning strategy approach, computer-based learning approach, on-line learning vs offline learning (Ubiquitous Digital Information), and Team-based learning (TBL), From the table, lead to the present analysis we are able to conclude that the excellent strategy is mixed learning that provides the proportion of the height then follow by computer-based learning, so team-based learning, finally present digital learning.
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by optical coherence tomography in sample of normal Iraqi population

Background: retinal nerve fiber layer assessment had become a standard of care in diagnosing and following up patients with glaucoma, at the same time it is crucial to determine the normal range in healthy Iraqi population by the available spectral domain OCT in order to anchor a strong footstep for studying it in different diseases. The aim of the current study: To quantitatively assess the normative values for retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in sample of normal Iraqi population.Methods: across sectional study involved 130 healthy subjects (260 eyes). The assessment included: Visual acuity (VA) testing, slit-lamp examination, routine fundus examination, gonioscopy, and IOP measured by air puff tonometer corrected by central corneal thickness. Optical coherence tomography was done by using spectral domain technology via the Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.), for the optic nerve and the neighboring four quadrants retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, namely Temporal, Superior, Nasal, and Inferior using circular scans of 3.4 mm centered on the optic nerve head.Results and conclusion: The study showed that the mean thickness was 91.73 ± 8.61 μm, it was higher in younger subjects compared to older subjects (p-value = 0.043). The linear regression module revealed a statistically significant regression of age with mean and temporal RNFL thickness, and it predicted a mean decrease of 0.167 μm per year, highest superiorly (-0.211 μm/ year) and lowest inferiorly (-0.039 μm/ year). The thickest sector was the inferior with 120.27 ± 14.23 μm, followed by the superior 120.27 ± 14.23 μm, then the nasal 70.44 ± 11.36 μm, and thinnest in the temporal 62.3 ± 8.56 μm. There was a significant statistical negative correlation between RNFL thickness and IOP (r=-0.225), which meant there was a decrement in thickness with increasing IOP.The analysis concludes that the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was lower in healthy Iraqi subjects compared to other ethnic groups . There was a negative correlation between thickness and age and IOP but with no gender effect.
A moderation approach to online social interaction in entrepreneurship using the effectuation and causation theory

How to cite this paper: Engmann, A. , & Ngwakwe, C. C. (2021). A moderation approach to online social interaction in entrepreneurship using the effectuation and causation theory [Special issue]. Journal of Governance & Regulation, 10(2), 328–342. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i2siart13 Copyright © 2021 The Authors This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/