Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Andaman & Nicobar Island

Introduction: Hypertension is the increased systolic blood pressure of ? 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of ? 90 mm Hg. The antihypertensive drugs currently available are chosen on the basis of their efficacy, side-effects, and cost. Accordingly, a need to survey the pattern of usage of antihypertensive drugs is must, to see if the current usage is rational and in concordance with current guidelines for treatment of hypertension. Therefore this study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the pattern of antihypertensive drugs being prescribed and its adherence with JNC-8 guidelines, in a tertiary care Teaching hospital of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.Material & methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was done in ANIIMS, Port Blair, India over a period of 6 months from October 2016 to March 2017, in which analysis of the prescriptions of patients of essential Hypertension was done. A total of 870 prescriptions were analyzed based on age group, gender, number of antihypertensives, combination/ or monotherapy. The results obtained were expressed as percentages & proportion and were compared with JNC-8 Guidelines.Observations: In this study, a total of, 870 prescriptions were analyzed and it was observed that male patients with hypertension were 586(67.3%), and female patients were 284(32.7%), with male: female ratio of 2.05:1. Also most common therapy was the combination therapy in 630(72.4%) patients, out of which a CCB+ Diuretic combination was the commonest in 318(50.4%), followed by ACE-I + Beta Blocker combination in 180(28.6%) patients. Most common Drug used as monotherapy was Diuretics in 110(45.8%) patients, followed by Calcium channel blockers in 82(34.2%) patients, followed by ARBs in 48(20.0%) patients.Conclusion: The trend of hypertension is on the rise, if treated rationally this disease can be overcome. This study suggests the trend of prescribing of antihypertensive drugs in ANIIMS Port Blair, India and will provide a baseline data for similar studies in future.
Rural hinterlands of the Black Sea during the fourth century BCE: expansion, intensification and new connections

Abstract This paper takes a holistic approach to the data for rural hinterlands in the Black Sea region in the fourth century BCE to reveal pan-Black Sea patterning, importantly including the southern coast and the territory of ancient Sinope. During a period of dynamic mobility and prosperity, the rural hinterlands of Greek settlements around the Black Sea expanded in ways that demonstrate significant regional commonalities in terms of increased settlement, intensified agricultural infrastructure, new connections via road and path networks and the inclusion of dependent territories beyond the traditional chora. Decisions to expand rural territory and intensify agricultural production were taken at the local level, but this patterning demonstrates that such developments were also a response to the dynamics of Black Sea economic and political networks. The associated increased density of occupation and connectivity in these rural hinterlands made them key facilitators of social networks, creating stronger ties between Greek settlements and other local communities, and ultimately enmeshing a more diverse group of people within Black Sea networks.
The effect of temperature and holding time sintering process on microstructure and dielectric properties of barium titanate by co-precipitation method

Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) bulk was synthesized by co-precipitation method. Samples were sintered with different temperature (900°C and 1100 °C) and holding time 3 and 5 hours. The effect of temperature and holding time of sintering process on microstructure and dielectric properties of Barium titanate bulk was investigated by characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Resistance Capacitance Inductance (RCL meter) and Sawyer tower method. The XRD data of BaTiO3 sintered at 1100°C/5h show the perfect single phase of perovskite structure of BaTiO3. It has highest crystallinity 21.9% and crystallite size 216 nm. Less porous and homogeneous grain were obtained for sample sintered at 1100 °C/5h. It has the largest grain size 2572 nm. BaTiO3 at temperature 1100 °C/5h has the highest dielectric constant which was measured by RCL meter. The grain size, crystallite size, crystallinity, and dielectric constant increase with the increasing sintering temperature and holding time.Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) bulk was synthesized by co-precipitation method. Samples were sintered with different temperature (900°C and 1100 °C) and holding time 3 and 5 hours. The effect of temperature and holding time of sintering process on microstructure and dielectric properties of Barium titanate bulk was investigated by characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Resistance Capacitance Inductance (RCL meter) and Sawyer tower method. The XRD data of BaTiO3 sintered at 1100°C/5h show the perfect single phase of perovskite structure of BaTiO3. It has highest crystallinity 21.9% and crystallite size 216 nm. Less porous and homogeneous grain were obtained for sample sintered at 1100 °C/5h. It has the largest grain size 2572 nm. BaTiO3 at temperature 1100 °C/5h has the highest dielectric constant which was measured by RCL meter. The grain size, crystallite size, crystallinity, and dielectric constant increase with the increasing sintering temperature and holding time.
Role of Culture and Consumption in the Process of Gentrification: Case Study of the Reuter Quarter in the Former West Berlin Neukölln (English Translation)

This study aims to identify the complex process of gentrification in Reuter Quarter, Neukölln, in the former West Berlin inner-city district Neukölln. First, the gentrification indicator model was incorporated to examine the functional, social, structural, and symbolic upgrading. Then, the author identified the geographical characteristics of the ‘New Use’ (art-related use, new retail business, and new service business) and its relevance to the ages of buildings. Further, interviews with business proprietors of New Use revealed changes in the commercial environment and its main causes in the subject area. As a result, the study indicated that the subject area initially showed signs of revitalization before it gradually transformed into gentrification; the symbolic upgrading induced other types of upgrading; scene gastronomies, specifically cafes, bars, and restaurants encouraged the formation of the nightlife district; and finally, as culture and consumption contribute to the transformation of the commercial environment, they play an important role in gentrification.
Análise das incapacidades físicas por hanseníase em uma cidade do interior do Maranhão, Brasil

Objetivo: Analisar o grau de incapacidade em pacientes com hanseniase assistidos entre os anos de 2012 a 2016. Metodo: Estudo epidemiologico e de base documental, a partir de casos notificados pelo Sinan de Caxias – MA, no periodo de 2012 a 2016. Foram selecionados todos os casos de hanseniase notificados durante o periodo, totalizando 372 pacientes. Para a analise dos dados foram obtidas distribuicoes absolutas e percentuais. Para isso, foi utilizado o software Epi Info (versao 3.7 for Windows). Resultados: A hanseniase atinge, principalmente, individuos de cor parda, do sexo masculino e com uma mediana de idade de 50 anos. Ha o predominio do grau 0 de incapacidade fisica, das formas clinicas dimorfa e virchowiana, indicando a deteccao tardia da doenca. Conclusao: Os casos com incapacidades fisicas acometem principalmente, pacientes com baciloscopia positiva e formas clinicas multibacilares, consideradas como principal fonte de infeccao da doenca, manutencao da cadeia de transmissao e contribuindo para o aparecimento de incapacidades.
Subtropical Pacific Ocean Temperature Fluctuations in the Common Era: Multidecadal Variability and Its Relationship With Southwestern North American Megadroughts

Variability of North Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on multidecadal timescales plays an important role in modulating global climate and regional hydroclimate. The principle modern phenomenon associated with this variability is the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); however, our understanding of the PDO and multidecadal SST variability more broadly is limited to SST observations from the historical era and land‐based proxy reconstructions. Here, we reconstruct multidecadal Pacific Ocean SST variability with an 1,800‐year, continuous, high‐resolution alkenone‐derived SST reconstruction from Baja California, a region sensitive to changes in the PDO, and compare the record with a reconstruction of Southwestern North American hydroclimate. Our SST reconstruction displays persistent multicentennial and discontinuous intervals of multidecadal variability with periodicities similar to instrumental PDO observations. The most severe droughts in Southwestern North America during the last two millennia are coeval with strong multidecadal variability, suggesting that multidecadal SST variability plays an important role in regional megadroughts.
High Folate, but not High Multivitamin Gestational Diets, Affect the Serotonergic Regulation of Food Intake in Female Wistar Offspring

The hypothesis that high multivitamin gestational (HV) diets affect the development of central serotonergic regulatory systems in female offspring, and that this is due to its high folic acid content, was investigated. Dams were fed the AIN-93G diet containing the recommended multivitamin mix (RV), 10-fold the RV amount (HV), or the RV diet with 10-fold the folic acid (Hfol). Serotonergic control of food intake and macronutrient selection was assessed by measuring long-term intake and selection, short-term intake and selection following injections of serotonin receptor agonists, and hypothalamic serotonin receptor expression. Offspring from Hfol dams selected more protein and were less responsive to agonist injections, but showed no altered serotonin receptor expression. In contrast, those born to HV fed dams were not different from the RV controls in any measure. In conclusion, the Hfol, but not HV gestational diet affects serotonergic regulation of food intake in female rat offspring.
The Correlates and Consequences of Believing in Free Will

Research has indicated that weakening people’s belief in free will may likewise weaken their belief in moral responsibility and potentially license them to morally transgress. Recent studies in social psychology suggest that diminished belief in free will is associated with a range of anti-social or otherwise negative outcomes. For example, cheating, unjustified aggression, and less prosocial helping behaviour. In response to these findings, illusionist philosophers have recommended that even if scientists somehow conclusively showed that free will does not exist it might nevertheless be necessary to foster widespread belief as a useful-fiction. In the opposing camp, free will disillusionists maintain that belief in free will has a dark side that we would be better off without. The problem they say, is the close connection between free will and the belief that people justly deserve what they get. So rather than having the instrumental benefits that illusionists claim, belief in free will is too often taken to justify treating people in severe and demeaning ways. Who then is correct? I report empirical results comparing the beliefs and attitudes of free will sceptics and people naïve to the debate. Results are consistent with the claims of disillusionists. Free will sceptics are more compassionate, and are less likely to believe in just deserts and harbour retributive attitudes.
Avoiding plagiarism using Mendeley in Indonesian higher education setting

People who plagiarize have a complex problem. Plagiarism could be by accident, by mistake, or on purpose. This research aims at exploring the reasons for plagiarizing and the significance of citing and referencing using Mendeley to avoid plagiarism. Four Indonesian Mendeley Advisors were interviewed online using convenient sampling technique. This study revealed that reasons for plagiarizing are time restriction, laziness, and busy. The significance of citing and referencing using Mendeley to avoid plagiarism are (1) confirm, justify, and claim the issue conveyed in scientific work; (2) highlight a particular idea; (3) criticize or approve the premise of others, and (4) build argument. Mendeley usage acquaintance for scientific writing is expected to be practical tools for avoiding plagiarism and promote academic honesty in the setting of higher education. However, the role of supervisor is crucial to provide useful feedback for their students’ writing to help students avoid plagiarism. Besides, university should create comfortable academic environment by providing free seminar and workshop on academic writing to educate students avoid plagiarism.
Failing victims, fuelling hate: challenging the harms of the ‘Muslim grooming gangs’ narrative

‘Muslim grooming gangs’ have become a defining feature of media, political and public debate around child sexual exploitation in the UK. The dominant narrative that has emerged to explain a series of horrific cases is misleading, sensationalist and has in itself promoted a number of harms. This article examines how racist framings of ‘Muslim grooming gangs’ exist not only in extremist, far-right fringes but in mainstream, liberal discourses too. The involvement of supposedly feminist and liberal actors and the promotion of pseudoscientific ‘research’ have lent a veneer of legitimacy to essentialist, Orientalist stereotypes of Muslim men, the demonisation of whole communities and demands for collective responsibility. These developments are situated in the broader socio-political context, including the far Right’s weaponisation of women’s rights, the ‘Islamophobia industry’ and a long history of racialising crime. We propose alternative ways of understanding and responding to child sexual exploitation/abuse. We contend that genuinely anti-racist feminist approaches can help in centring victims/survivors and their needs and in tackling serious sexual violence without demonising entire communities.
Addressing the Needs of an Aging Population in the Health System: The Australian Case

Abstract Although smaller as a proportion of total population than Western Europe or Japan, almost 15% of Australia's population is aged 65 years and over and expected to increase to nearly 22.5% by 2050. Health policy makers in Australia have tried multiple approaches to address the growing health care needs of an aging population and the related burden of noncommunicable conditions (NCDs). We assess how these interventions—in primary care, hospital services and private health insurance—have influenced outcomes and draw inferences from their successes and some of their main difficulties. Among the key lessons from the Australian experience, also relevant for the Asia Pacific region, are the challenge of aligning financial incentives in a mixed public-private health care and financing system and the difficulty of reforming a medically-centered primary care model to one that integrates care across a range of dimensions, including the services of allied health professionals and long-term care services. The clearest specific policy lessons for the region include the suggestions that public subsidy of private health insurance is unlikely to be an efficient approach to reducing the health-related cost burdens of aging populations, and that countries should build alternatives to fee-for-service payment mechanisms into their plans for achieving Universal Health Coverage. Australians might look to the experience of other countries in the region for additional models of coordination between national government and sub-national divisions and for approaches to reducing the disadvantages faced by minority groups in the health system.
Umbilical cord blood-derived ILC1-like cells constitute a novel precursor for mature KIR+NKG2A- NK cells

Despite their identification several years ago, molecular identity and developmental relation between human ILC1 and NK cells, comprising group 1 ILCs, is still elusive. To unravel their connection, thorough transcriptional, epigenetic, and functional characterization was performed from umbilical cord blood (CB). Unexpectedly, ILC1-like cells lacked Tbet expression and failed to produce IFNg. Moreover, in contrast to previously described ILC1 subsets they could be efficiently differentiated into NK cells. These were characterized by highly diversified KIR repertoires including late stage NKG2A-KIR+ effector cells that are commonly not generated from previously known NK cell progenitor sources. This property was dependent on stroma cell-derived Notch ligands. The frequency of the novel ILC1-like NK cell progenitor (NKP) significantly declined in CB from early to late gestational age. The study supports a model in which circulating fetal ILC1-like NKPs travel to secondary lymphoid tissues to initiate the formation of diversified NK cell repertoires after birth.
Healthcare Utilization for Behavioral Health Disorders: Policy Implications on Nationwide Readmissions, and Outcomes in the States of Nebraska and New York

Supervisor: Fernando A. Wilson, Ph.D. The main goal of this dissertation was to estimate national-level inpatient readmissions and statelevel hospital-based emergency department (ED) visits with behavioral health (BH) conditions in the states of Nebraska and New York. The dissertation aims to assess the impact of the policy mandates under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on these state and national estimates. The Nationwide Readmissions Database and the State Emergency Department databases maintained by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were used for this dissertation. US Adult population with high-risk of readmissions in the inpatient departments for alcohol-related disorders (ARD) and of visiting ED for BH conditions were identified. Prediction of economic burden due to 30-day readmissions, specifically for recurrences of ARD, patient and hospital-level rates, costs, and predictors of 30-day readmissions were derived at the nationallevel. Region-level data on ED facilities and BH workforce in Nebraska were obtained from the Health Professionals Tracking Services. In addition, the location of substance abuse treatment centers and ED facilities in New York were procured from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services and the National Emergency Department Inventory, respectively. To identify BH conditions, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used. Estimates of total charges for ED visits in Nebraska and New York were performed along with an assessment of the availability of substance abuse treatment centers, BH workforce, and EDs. The dissertation underlines the need for integrated behavioral health services at primary level and development of preventative health programs tailored specifically for high-risk populations.
A Comparative Study of Efficacy of Esmolol and Lignocaine for Attenuation of Stress Response during Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Normotensive Patients Undergoing General Anaesthesia

Background: The stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation can cause tachycardia and hypertension resulting in myocardial ischemia and stroke in vulnerable patients. The objective of our study was to compare the efficacy of bolus dose of Esmolol and Lignocaine (preservative free) in attenuation of haemodynamic stress responses to laryngoscopy and intubation in normotensive patients undergoing general anaesthesia for elective surgical procedure. Material and Methods: sixty patients of ASA grade I and II undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group I (n = 30): received Inj. Esmolol (2 mg/kg of body weight) i.v. 3min before laryngoscopy and intubation, over 30seconds. Group II (n = 30): received Inj. lignocaine (2 mg/kg of body weight) i.v. 3min before laryngoscopy and intubation, over 30seconds. Anaesthesia was standardized in both the groups and vital parameters were recorded for upto 15 minutes after intubation. Results: There was no statistical significant difference in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in Esmolol and Lignocaine group in the study period except fall in heart rate and systolic blood pressure after administration of intravenous Esmolol (p<0.05) . Conclusion: Esmolol and Lignocaine are equally effective in attenuation of stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation.
Comprehensive Analysis of Polychrome Grotto Relics: A Case Study of the Paint Layers from Anyue, Sichuan, China

Abstract There are more than 18,500 grotto statues in Anyue County, Sichuan Province, China. These grotto statues painted with diverse colors were first sculpted in the Sui Dynasty (581–618 AD) and play a significant role in the history of grotto art development in China. However, due to natural weathering and human factors, the grotto paintings are suffering from many problems, such as flaking and powdering. To study the composition, structure, and destructive factors at work in the paint layers, a set of effective detection methods were integrated, including Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, and others. The pigments, layer structures, binding materials, and elemental migrations of 22 polychrome samples from the Anyue grottoes are detected. The results show that the Anyue grottoes were painted with more than ten pigments. Casein, egg white, mammalian glue, and plant glue were also detected in samples as binding materials. The accumulation of sulfur and calcium on the surface of several samples was found, which was the main reason for the flaking of the pigments. This study provides not only a reference method but also basic information for the subsequent restoration design.