Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Progress on Debranched Starch: Preparation, Characterization, and Application

ABSTRACT Debranched starch (DBS) with shorter chain length can be obtained by hydrolysing native starches with debranching enzymes, which allows to improve or create new functional properties that favourable for specific application requirement. In present review, the botanical source, treatment approaches prior to or post debranching reaction, and the debranching processes for preparing DBS were extensively discussed. The structural and physicochemical properties of DBS, such as molecular weight distribution, crystalline profile, solubility, gel capacity, and thermal stability determined were demonstrated. The polymerization degree of DBS depends significantly on the crystalline structure, granule size, and morphology of the botanical origin, and are greatly correlated with the debranching enzyme and hydrolysis time. Gelatinization, solvent precipitation, drying, and crystallization would greatly influence the physicochemical properties of DBS. DBS also has impact in designing health-related food and carriers for delivering functional agents. Moreover, the modified products based on DBS have great potential in food and pharmaceutical applications.
Preparation of Multicolour Solid Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Light-Emitting Diodes Using Phenylethylamine as a Co-Carbonization Agent

Carbon dots (CDs), as a new type of photoluminescent nanomaterial, have attracted extensive attention in various fields because of their unique luminescence properties. However, CDs will exhibit fluorescence quenching in the solid state or aggregate state, which limits their application. In this paper, a unique strategy is proposed to regulate solutions to achieve multicolour fluorescence of CDs in the solid state. We report the successful preparation of orange, green and blue solid fluorescent CDs using citric acid, urea and phenylethylamine as precursors and methanol, ethanol and water as solvents, respectively. The solid-state fluorescence of CDs may be caused by the linkage of the phenylethyl structure to the surface of CDs during formation, which effectively disperses the CDs and prevents π–π interactions between graphitized nuclei. Meanwhile, multicolour solid fluorescent CDs are realized by adjusting the solvent in the preparation process. Based on the excellent fluorescence properties of CDs, orange, green and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are prepared. A white LED (WLED) can be obtained by mixing the three colours of solid fluorescent CDs, which shows the application potential of CDs in display lighting equipment.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MAKANAN TAMBAHAN IBU HAMIL KEK BERBASIS PANGAN LOKAL SINGKONG DI PUSKESMAS PARUNG PANJANG, KABUPATEN BOGOR

: KEK merupakan salah satu masalah kurang gizi yang disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang tidak seimbang sehingga menyebabkan kekurangan energi dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu meningkatkan daya guna pangan lokal singkong sebagai pangan lokal sebagai alternatif makanan tambahan bagi ibu hamil yang mengalami KEK. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Parung Panjang, dihadiri 26 peserta terdiri dari bidan dan kader. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode ceramah, diskusi dan melatih bidan dan kader dalam membuat PMT Cookies untuk ibu hamil yang mengalami KEK. Berdasarkan hasil pengetahuan sebelum dan setelah diberikan pelatihan terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan (p<0.05), dengan rata-rata skor diawal yaitu 38 menjadi 98. Selama kegiatan berlangsung peseta terlihat sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan ini, yang dibuktikan dengan peserta sangat aktif pada sesi diskusi. Pengetahuan yang meningkat akan mendukung peningkatan keterampilan peserta dalam membuat PMT, keterampilan peserta dalam membuat PMT cookies sudah sangat baik.
Exosomes Released by Corneal Stromal Cells Show Molecular Alterations in Keratoconus Patients and Induce Different Cellular Behavior

Exosomes have been related to various disorders, but their study in relation to ocular pathologies has been limited. In this article, we analyze exosomes produced by corneal stromal cells from healthy individuals and from patients with keratoconus. The proteomic study allowed for the identification of 14 new proteins with altered expression, related to molecules previously associated with the pathology. miRNA analysis detected 16 altered species, including miR-184, responsible for familial severe keratoconus. The prediction of its potential biological targets identified 1121 genes, including some related to this pathology. Exosomes produced by keratoconic cells induced a marked increase in the migration of stromal cells and corneal epithelium, while those produced by healthy cells had no effect on stromal cells. Both types of nanovesicles reduced the proliferation of stromal and corneal cells, but those produced by healthy cells had less effect. Exosomes produced by healthy cells had concentration-dependent effects on the transcription of genes encoding proteoglycans by keratoconus cells, with a relative normalization observed at concentrations of 240 µg/mL. These results show the alteration of stromal exosomes in keratoconus and suggest an influence on the development of the pathology, although the use of healthy exosomes could also have therapeutic potential.
A Note on Semi-Projective Modules

Quasi-principally injective modules were studied in [12]. In this note we introduce the concept dual to quasi-principally injective modules. It is proved that. these modules are equivalent to semi-projective modules. Several properties of the endomorphism ring of a semi-projective module are also obtained.
Innovation activity and exports by destination

ABSTRACT This article examines the effect of innovation activity on exports by destination using firm-level data from two India surveys collected by the World Bank. Both OLS regressions and IV estimations using innovation-reason indicators as the exogenous variation in innovation activity show the following findings. Firms with spending on R&D activity increase exports to richer destinations and consequently increase total exports than those without. This suggests that firms in lower-middle-income countries like India need to engage in R&D activity to satisfy the quality requirement in richer countries and increase exports. However, there is no consistent evidence that firms with a new process/product have such a causal effect. The contrast may reflect that, in poorer countries like India, instead of introducing new processes/products, spending on formal R&D activity is one more appropriate measure of innovation activity for the international market.https://datahelpdesk.worldbank. org/knowledgebase/articles/906519
The Relationship Between Iron Status and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Non-anemic Patients Without a History of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

Iron deficiency (ID) and iron status in non-anemic patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk without a history of cardiovascular diseases is still weakly explored. In this study, the authors evaluated the most common ID definitions in this group of patients. A total of 533 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were collected from 2005-2006, 2017-2018, and 2017-2020 records. Participants were divided according to their ASCVD risk score to the following groups: low (n=168, 32%), borderline (n=43, 8%), intermediate (n=200, 37%), and high (n=122, 23%). There was a higher prevalence of ID in low- and borderline-risk groups in contrast to intermediate- and high-risk groups. Higher serum ferritin concentrations were observed in groups with a greater ASCVD risk score. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) was comparable in all ASCVD categories. Lack of ID, defined by three different guidelines that are mainly based on serum ferritin levels, predisposed to a higher ASCVD risk category. Normal iron status, defined by these three guidelines, was positively associated with the male gender. The opposite association was observed for non-Hispanic Whites. The analyzed criteria of ID, based mostly on serum ferritin levels, demonstrated limited usefulness in patients with increased ASCVD risk. Further studies should be done to determine proper ID diagnostic criteria in non-anemic patients without a previous cardiovascular history with elevated ASCVD risk.
SHOPPING BEHAVIOR OF THE SILVER GENERATION IN SLOVAKIA: A CASE STUDY NITRA

The Slovak population, like the population in other European countries, is aging. The population in the older age groups is growing by increasing the average age of life. Even in old age, people are still active, they like to actively participate in social and economic activities, and they carry out various hobby activities, which preserve but also increase the quality of their personal lives. Seniors over the age of 50+, referred to as the silver generation, are important consumers of a wide range of services, including the growing retail services. These are the reasons why an increased attention needs to be paid to them. The aim of the paper is to know the shopping behavior of the silver generation in relation to the specificity of the spatial structure of retail facilities. The research was carried out in the Slovak city of Nitra. This West Slovak city is known for its history, university education facilities and currently especially the automotive industry, which has significantly contributed to improving the economic conditions of its inhabitants. The shopping types of senior respondents were obtained by questionnaires and evaluated by a comparative analysis based on a description. The results of the research show that the behavior of the current silver generation is changing in comparison to the previous one. The closest relationship between the seniors’ traditional way of shopping and the traditional mixed retail facilities in the central part of the city has not been confirmed. The statistically closest relationship between the shopping types of seniors was confirmed in the residential districts where the retail facilities consist of large shopping centers, supermarkets and hypermarkets with a concentrated offer. Senior shopping is changing significantly and is in line with modern trends. New forms of retail supply change the usual patterns of senior shopping behavior.
Potassium Nitrate Priming Effect on the Germination of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum. Mill) cvs. “Mersa” and “Tekeze-1”

To compare the responses of two open-pollinated tomato varieties to germination parameters and shoot growth, seeds of open-pollinated tomato varieties, Mersa and Tekeze-1 were given osmopriming treatments with potassium nitrate (KNO3) in a lab setting. A completely randomized design with four replications was used. The analysis of variance revealed that both tomato varieties responded differently to priming with potassium nitrate concentrations significantly ( P < 0.05 ) for almost all measured traits. Potassium nitrate treatments also affected final germination percent (G%) and mean daily germination percent significantly ( P < 0.05 ) and germination index (GI) and shoot length (SL) ( P < 0.001 ). However, KNO3 did not have a significant effect on time for 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT). Variety Mersa showed better performance in germination percent (G%) and SL than Tekeze-1; while Tekeze-1 had shorter days for MGT and reached T50 faster than the Mersa variety. Potassium concentrations at 0.5% and 1.5% showed better germination results than the control and at 1% KNO3. The interaction of the Mersa variety with KNO3 at 1.5% and 1% resulted in the highest SL, but the Tekeze-1 variety had the highest shoot length at 0.5% KNO3 concentration, indicating that the varieties have different responses to the applied KNO3 rate. This study confirmed the possibility of enhancing seed germination through externally applied priming agents such as KNO3. Despite being a preliminary finding, this study demonstrated that tomato cultivars differ in how they react to KNO3 priming, and more research, using other tomato varieties and priming agents, is needed.
Prevalence of HCV Infection Among Hemodialysis Patients in Lanzhou of Northwestern China

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among hemodialysis (HD) patients in Lanzhou of Northwestern China, we interviewed 565 patients from five randomly sampled HD centers in Lanzhou with a structured questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, past medical history and HD-related factors. Methods The testing results of anti-HCV and HCV-RNA in a recent HD from clinical information system were collected. A generalized estimated equation (GEE) logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of HCV infection among HD patients. Results The prevalence of anti-HCV or HCV-RNA infection among HD patients was 1.77% or 1.42% respectively. GEE model showed that history of kidney transplantation (HCV-RNA: OR=19.79, 95%CI: 12.69–30.85) could dramatically increase the risk of current HCV infection in dialysis patients. Compared with never using of blood products, using of blood products (anti-HCV: OR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.22–4.64; HCV-RNA: OR=15.23, 95%CI: 1.79–129.49) could increase the risk of HCV infection in dialysis patients. Moreover, with the increase of HD duration, the risk increased one time or so (anti-HCV: OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.22–2.72; HCV-RNA: OR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.11–3.61). Furthermore, dialysis in multiple hospitals possessed more than three times risk of HCV infection (anti-HCV: OR=3.56, 95%CI: 3.11–4.08; HCV-RNA: OR=3.35, 95%CI: 1.88–5.96). Besides, HD patients having the history of acupuncture (HCV-RNA: OR=5.56; 95%CI: 1.16–26.67) or surgery (HCV-RNA: OR=6.39; 95%CI: 2.86–14.29) caused an about-six-times risk of current infections. Conclusion It could be concluded that the prevalence of HCV infection was mild and using of blood products or kidney transplantation, long dialysis duration, dialysis in multiple hospitals, surgery or acupuncture treatment were some risk factors of HCV infection among HD patients in Lanzhou of Northwestern China.
Effect of Olive Pomace Oil on Cardiovascular Health and Associated Pathologies

Background: olive pomace oil (OPO) is a nutritionally relevant fat due to its high oleic acid content (C18:1) and the presence of a wide range of minor bioactive components. Although numerous in vitro and preclinical studies have been developed to study some of its characteristic components, the health effect of prolonged OPO consumption is unknown. Methods: a randomised, blinded, cross-over, controlled clinical trial was carried out in 31 normocholesterolemic and 37 hypercholesterolemic subjects. Participants consumed 45 g/day of OPO or sunflower oil (SO) for 4 weeks, each preceded by a 3-week run-in/wash-out phase with corn oil (CO). Results: regular consumption of OPO and SO had no statistically significant effect on any of the markers related to lipid profile, blood pressure, and endothelial function in both groups, except for eNOS levels, which were close to statistical significance due to the effect of oil (OPO and SO) (p = 0.083). A decrease in visceral fat (p = 0.028) in both groups was observed after OPO intake, accompanied by an increment of leptin (p = 0.017) in the hypercholesterolemic group. Conclusion: reducing visceral fat after prolonged OPO intake might contribute to improve cardiometabolic status, with a potentially positive effect on the vascular tone. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm the present results.
Self-Supported Polymeric Ruthenium Complexes as Olefin Metathesis Catalysts in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds

New ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts containing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) connected by a linker tether to a benzylidene ligand were studied. Such obtained self-chelated Hoveyda–Grubbs type complexes existed in the form of an organometallic polymer but could still catalyze olefin metathesis after being dissolved in an organic solvent. Although these polymeric catalysts exhibited a slightly lower activity compared to structurally related nonpolymeric catalysts, they were successfully used in a number of ring-closing metathesis reactions leading to a variety of heterocyclic compounds, including biologically and pharmacologically related analogues of cathepsin K inhibitor and sildenafil (Viagra™). In the last case, a good solubility of a polymeric catalyst in toluene allowed the separation of the product from the catalyst via simple filtration.
Intergroup relations and media: The effects of media system quality in explaining immigration attitudes

From an intergroup relations perspective, attitudes toward immigration derive from assessments of immigrants’ ethnic proximity to the host society. However, attitudes are embedded not only in the notion of intergroup relations, they are influenced by the information environment in which public discourse about immigration is shaped. This paper investigates whether the quality of the media system contributes to the emergence of a well-informed public that is more likely to reinforce democratic values and thus have more positive attitudes toward immigration. The European Social Survey data (2002–2018) from 19 European countries are combined with media quality indicators from the Varieties of Democracy project and studied in a cross-national comparative perspective. Results confirm that Europeans prefer immigrants that are ethnically more similar to the majority of the host society, regardless of time or given country. Furthermore, attitudes are more positive in countries with stronger public services. Moreover, a higher quality media system that reflects the level of media freedom, opinion plurality, self-governance, and objectivity, fosters pro-immigration attitudes, especially for immigrants who are ethnically different from the host society.
Analyticity in spaces of convergent power series and applications

We study the analytic structure of the space of germs of an analytic function at the origin of \ww C^{\times m} , namely the space \germ{\mathbf{z}} where \mathbf{z}=\left(z\_{1},\cdots,z\_{m}\right) , equipped with a convenient locally convex topology. We are particularly interested in studying the properties of analytic sets of \germ{\mathbf{z}} as defined by the vanishing locus of analytic maps. While we notice that \germ{\mathbf{z}} is not Baire we also prove it enjoys the analytic Baire property: the countable union of proper analytic sets of \germ{\mathbf{z}} has empty interior. This property underlies a quite natural notion of a generic property of \germ{\mathbf{z}} , for which we prove some dynamics-related theorems. We also initiate a program to tackle the task of characterizing glocal objects in some situations.
Molecular Docking and In-Silico Analysis of Natural Biomolecules against Dengue, Ebola, Zika, SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Monkeypox Virus

The emergence and rapid evolution of human pathogenic viruses, combined with the difficulties in developing effective vaccines, underline the need to develop innovative broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutic agents. The present study aims to determine the in silico antiviral potential of six bacterial antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), two phytochemicals (silvestrol, andrographolide), and two bacterial secondary metabolites (lyngbyabellin A, hapalindole H) against dengue virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, the major variants of SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus. The comparison of docking scores obtained with natural biomolecules was performed with specific neutralizing antibodies (positive controls for ClusPro) and antiviral drugs (negative controls for Autodock Vina). Glycocin F was the only natural biomolecule tested to show high binding energies to all viral surface proteins and the corresponding viral cell receptors. Lactococcin G and plantaricin ASM1 also achieved high docking scores with all viral surface proteins and most corresponding cell surface receptors. Silvestrol, andrographolide, hapalindole H, and lyngbyabellin A showed variable docking scores depending on the viral surface proteins and cell receptors tested. Three glycocin F mutants with amino acid modifications showed an increase in their docking energy to the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 B.1. 617.2 Indian variant, and of the SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Japan/Brazil variant, and the dengue DENV envelope protein. All mutant AMPs indicated a frequent occurrence of valine and proline amino acid rotamers. AMPs and glycocin F in particular are the most promising biomolecules for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral treatments targeting the attachment and entry of viruses into their target cell.
The Rhizobial Type 3 Secretion System: The Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis

Rhizobia are soil bacteria that can establish a symbiotic association with legumes. As a result, plant nodules are formed on the roots of the host plants where rhizobia differentiate to bacteroids capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. This ammonia is transferred to the plant in exchange of a carbon source and an appropriate environment for bacterial survival. This process is subjected to a tight regulation with several checkpoints to allow the progression of the infection or its restriction. The type 3 secretion system (T3SS) is a secretory system that injects proteins, called effectors (T3E), directly into the cytoplasm of the host cell, altering host pathways or suppressing host defense responses. This secretion system is not present in all rhizobia but its role in symbiosis is crucial for some symbiotic associations, showing two possible faces as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: it can be completely necessary for the formation of nodules, or it can block nodulation in different legume species/cultivars. In this review, we compile all the information currently available about the effects of different rhizobial effectors on plant symbiotic phenotypes. These phenotypes are diverse and highlight the importance of the T3SS in certain rhizobium–legume symbioses.
New Insights into the Pivotal Role of the Amygdala in Inflammation-Related Depression and Anxiety Disorder

Depression and anxiety disorders are the two most prevalent psychiatric diseases that affect hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. Understanding the etiology and related mechanisms is of great importance and might yield new therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases effectively. During the past decades, a growing number of studies have pointed out the importance of the stress-induced inflammatory response in the amygdala, a kernel region for processing emotional stimuli, as a potentially critical contributor to the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. In this review, we first summarized the recent progress from both animal and human studies toward understanding the causal link between stress-induced inflammation and depression and anxiety disorders, with particular emphasis on findings showing the effect of inflammation on the functional changes in neurons in the amygdala, at levels ranging from molecular signaling, cellular function, synaptic plasticity, and the neural circuit to behavior, as well as their contributions to the pathology of inflammation-related depression and anxiety disorders. Finally, we concluded by discussing some of the difficulties surrounding the current research and propose some issues worth future study in this field.
General irreducible Markov chains and non-negative operators: Notes and comments

Preface 1. Preliminaries 2. Irreducible kernels 3. Transience and recurrence 4. Embedded renewal processes 5. Positive and null recurrence 6. Total variation limit theorems 7. Miscellaneous limit theorems for Harris recurrent Markov chains Notes and comments List of symbols and notation Bibliography Index.