Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer Modeling of Bevacizumab Drug Distribution After Intravitreal Injection in Rabbit and Human Eyes

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition brought on by macular deterioration caused primarily by inflammation and cell death in the retina. There is no cure for the disease and current treatments for advanced (wet) AMD rely on intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapeutics. One common off-label anti-VEGF drug used in AMD treatment is bevacizumab. There have been experimental efforts to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of bevacizumab in the vitreous and aqueous humor. Still the quantitative effect of elimination routes and drug concentration in the macula are not well understood. In our study, we developed two spatial models representing rabbit and human vitreous humor to better understand the PK behavior of bevacizumab. We explored convective effects on the vitreous while considering the anterior elimination alone or coupled with posterior elimination. We compared our models with available experimental data and calculated an approximate macula concentration. Our results show that both anterior and posterior elimination play a role in bevacizumab clearance from the eye. Furthermore, an effective bevacizumab concentration close to the macula region is maintained for shorter time periods when compared to the whole vitreous region. This model can improve knowledge and understanding of AMD treatment.
Short term effect of tetrahydrocurcumin on adipose angiogenesis in very high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model

Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) has been shown to possess anti-angiogenic activities. This study aims to investigate the effects of THC on adipose angiogenesis and expression of angiogenic factors that occurs in 60% high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: mice fed with a low-fat diet (LFD group); mice fed with very high fat diet (VHFD group), and mice fed with VHFD supplemented with THC (300 mg/kg/day orally)(VHFD+THC group) for 6 weeks. Body weight (BW), food intake, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profiles and visceral fats weight (VF) were measured. The microvascular density (MVD), VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were evaluated. The VHFD group had significantly increased total cholesterol, triglyceride, food intake, BW, VF, VF/BW ratio, adipocyte size and the number of crown-liked structures as compared to LFD group. THC supplementation markedly reduced these parameters and adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in white adipose tissues. MVD, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were over-expressed in the VHFD group. However, THC supplementation decreased MVD and reduced expression of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9. In conclusion, THC suppressed angiogenesis in adipose tissue by the downregulation of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9. With its effects on lipid metabolism as well as on food consumption, THC could contribute to lower visceral fat and body weight. Overall, our study demonstrated the potential benefit of THC in mitigating obesity and associated metabolic disorders along with elucidated the suppression of adipose angiogenesis as one of its underlying mechanisms. Author summary Conceptualization, B.Y, U.S., P.P., N.D. , N.S. and N.M3. ; methodology, B.Y. , U.S., P.P., N.D. , N.S. , N.M3. , and C.C; validation, B.Y. , U.S., P.P., N.D. , N.S. , N.M1. , and N.M3. ; formal analysis, B.Y. , U.S, N.S. , N.M1. , N.P., and N.M3; investigation, B.Y. , U.S, N.S. , N.M1. , N.P., and N.M3. ; resources, B.Y. and C.C. ; data curation, B.Y. and N.M1. ; writing—original draft preparation, BY; writing—review and editing, B.Y; visualization, B.Y. , U.S., P.P., and N.D. ; supervision, B.Y. ; project administration, B.Y. , U.S., P.P., N.S. , and N.P.; funding acquisition, B.Y. , U.S., P.P., N.S. , and N.P.
Effect of water supplemented with a herbal product on the internal organs of broiler chickens

CD) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were measured. The results did not show statistically significant differences between the groups in the number of histological lesions in the organs and tissues sampled. Morphometric evaluation showed statistically significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05) for VH and CD in the duodenum and ileum.
Spatial ensemble post‐processing with standardized anomalies

To post‐process ensemble predictions for a particular location, statistical methods are often used, especially in complex terrain such as the Alps. When expanded to several stations, the post‐processing has to be repeated at every station individually, thus losing information about spatial coherence and increasing computational cost. Therefore, the ensemble post‐processing is modified and applied simultaneously at multiple locations. We transform observations and predictions to standardized anomalies. Seasonal and site‐specific characteristics are eliminated by subtracting a climatological mean and dividing by the climatological standard deviation from both observations and numerical forecasts. This method allows us to forecast even at locations where no observations are available. The skill of these forecasts is comparable to forecasts post‐processed individually at every station and is even better on average.
Biosensors based on Si3N4 asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers

In this work, we present a study on photonic biosensors based on Si3N4 asymmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (aMZI) for Aﬂatoxin M1 (AFM1) detection. AFM1 is an hepatotoxic and a carcinogenic toxin present in milk. The biosensor is based on an array of four Si3N4 aMZI that are optimized for 850nm wavelength. We measure the bulk Sensitivity (S) and the Limit of Detection (LOD) of our devices. In the array, three devices are exposed and have very similar sensitivities. The fourth aMZI, which is covered by SiO2, is used as an internal reference for laser (a VCSEL) and temperature ﬂuctuations. We measured a phase sensitivity of 14300±400 rad/RIU. To characterize the LOD of the sensors, we measure the uncertainty of the experimental readout system. From the measurements on three aMZI, we observe the same value of LOD, which is ≈ 4.5×10−7 RIU. After the sensor characterization on homogeneous sensing, we test the surface sensing performances by ﬂowing speciﬁc Aﬂatoxin M1 and non-speciﬁc Ochratoxin in 50 mM MES pH 6.6 buﬀer on the top of the sensors functionalized with Antigen-Recognising Fragments (Fab’). The diﬀerence between speciﬁc and non-speciﬁc signals shows the speciﬁcity of our sensors. A moderate regeneration of the sensors is obtained by using glycine solution.
Influence of Rice Varieties on Sensory Profile and Consumer Acceptance for Frozen-cooked Rice -

The objectives of this study were to generate sensory profiles by descriptive analysis, to access consumer acceptability by consumer acceptance test, and to determine the driving sensory attributes for frozen-cooked rice made by five difference rice varieties. Rice varieties resulted in significant differences in the sensory profiles of the frozen-cooked rice samples. Sixteen descriptive attributes – aroma (rice bran, raw rice, tap water), taste (sweet, bitter), flavor (rice cake, roasted), texture (glutinousness, firmness, cohesiveness of mass, particle feeling, moistness), and appearance (amount of embryo buds, glossiness, rice shape, whiteness, size of rice) were used as descriptive terms for the samples. Oryza sativa L. var. Ilpum was the most accepted variety when processed to frozen cooked rice and should therefore be the first option for processing. Partial least square regression analysis found no drivers of liking and five drivers of disliking for frozen-cooked rice: rice bran aroma, glutinousness, firmness, particle feeling and amount of embryo buds.
Title The delayed effects of monetary shocks in a two-sector NewKeynesian model

This paper studies a two-sector New Keynesian model that captures the hump-shaped response of non-durable and durable spending to a monetary shock when non-durable prices are sticky and durable goods are flexibly priced. Based on the estimated parameters, we show that habit formation and investment adjustment costs are not sufficient to generate the gradual response of non-durable and durable spending in this setup. We find that nominal wage rigidity and non-separable preferences between consumption and labor are also necessary to delay the peak response of non-durable and durable spending in the estimated two-sector New Keynesian model. JEL Classification: E21, E30, E31, E32
I-PWA: IoT based Progressive Web Application For Visually Impaired People

A person needs vocational training to get ready for a job that demands a particular skill set. The same opportunities and educational opportunities as those offered to the sighted must also be made available to persons who are visually impaired. The Internet of Things (IoT) has swiftly grown, enabling every object to be incorporated into and linked to the internet. The IoT system's complexity also influences the education industry, which still uses manual processes. The IoT's smart technology has completely changed the way things work now. Even with the IoT explosion, there is currently no software that can provide those with visual impairments practical training. The proposed I-PWA will provide them the tools they need to become independent by enabling them to receive adequate vocational training in the field of their interest. The website includes voice recognition and gesture control for navigation while IoT-based navigation with the use of motion controller devices to traverse across our website will help it evolve to the next level. Braille reading and music systems can be learned through this web-app using haptic feedback from their mobile device. The Availability of audiobooks in the app's library will also help them to gain additional knowledge on various topics. One on One tutoring feature will connect them to their own mentor and ease the learning process. The site outperforms most other websites in terms of offering a good user experience, which includes load time and visual stability, with a Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) score of 0.002, Time to Interactive (TTI) of 0.4 seconds, Speed Index of 0.8 secs, Largest Contentful Paint of 1.2 seconds and First ContentfulPaint of 0.4 secs.
The Effect of Digital Technology on Student Policy, Academic Achievement and Outcomes

The role of student welfare on academic decisions is getting more attention. However, studies on the correlation between policy and achievement are inconclusive, and evidence on the correlation between policies and objectives for performance-related measures is scarce. Therefore, this study examines the correlation technology between student policies related to education, academic achievement, and results achieved by using multi-dimensional measures to test the correlation between sub-aspects. We predict outcomes to establish a technology link between policy and achievement. While the intermediate prediction was rejected, several impacts of education-related policy factors on academic achievement and outcomes were identified, including persistence, optimism, and associations of engagement in school with mastery goals, and optimism and persistence in education with academics. Thus, this research contributes to distinguishing facts about the structure under investigation and supports an approach to using multidimensional measures for policy and achievement targets.
Refined Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Response of Variable-Speed Pumped-Storage Plant

Pumped storage technology is currently the largest-scale energy storage technology. Pumped-storage plants (PSPs) can help integrate variable renewable energy, such as wind and solar power, thus playing an important role in establishing a reliable, sustainable, and clean energy system. Variable-speed pumped-storage plant (VSPSP) has become a state-of-the-art technology in the pumped-storage industry in recent years. In dealing with the intermittency of variable renewable energy, variable-speed pumped-storage plant needs to change its working conditions frequently, thus causing inevitable transient processes, which may lead to dangerous accidents if without proper countermeasures. In order to predict transient processes and avoid dangerous accidents, a refined model of VSPSP is built in this work. The prototype of the model developed in this work is the first VSPSP in China, which is still under construction. The model is validated by comparing its simulation result with that provided by the manufacturer, which used a commercial simulation software SIMSEN. Different working conditions are also simulated to prove the application of the refined model. The model proposed in this work can provide a practical tool for research and engineering purposes.
Estimation of Dielectric Property for Biological Tissues by Multi-Frequency Approximation

This paper investigates a new method to calculate the dielectric property (DP) of biological tissues with the open-ended coaxial probes (OECP). The DP of tissues is a continuous function of frequency which can be represented with different dielectric relaxation models. Thus, the accuracy of DP measurements can be increased by enforcing such spectral continuity using the Cole-Cole model. A cost functional based on an admittance integral was calculated at the tip of the OECP. Then, Cole-Cole parameters $(\epsilon_{\infty}, \epsilon_{s}, \tau, \alpha$ and $\sigma)$ were applied into the admittance integral to solve a set of nonlinear equations. The OECP, biological tissues and calibration materials were simulated using Ansys HFSS simulation program from 0.5 to 6 GHz frequency range with 0.25 GHz steps (23 frequency points). Finally, the accuracy of results was compared with data obtained from literature.
Optimal Scheduling of Integrated Energy System Considering the Dynamic Characteristics of Heating and Gas Networks

With the rapid development of electricity-heat-gas integrated energy system (IES) in recent years, it has become an effective way to improve energy utilization efficiency. The coordinated utilization of diverse energy forms in IES can promote the consumption of renewable energy and the operational flexibility of IES. This paper proposes an optimal scheduling method for IES considering the dynamic characteristics of heating and gas networks to reduce operating cost and accommodate wind energy. Firstly, considering the slow transmission process in pipeline, the dynamic characteristics of heating network and gas network are modeled to tap the energy storage potential of the networks. Then, a day-ahead optimal scheduling model is proposed for the IES. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the operating cost. The constraints for the electricity, heating and gas networks and their coupling components are shown. The simulation results on a modified IES prove that the consideration of the dynamic characteristics helps improve the operating economy and renewable energy accommodation.
Handwritten OCR for word in Indic Language using Deep Networks

A large number of Indian documents are handwritten and India is a diverse nation with many languages. These handwritten documents contain important historical and cultural information which needs to be preserved by converting to digital format. The major problem is everyone has unique handwriting with different styles of writing. To address this problem, we have trained Handwritten Optical Character Recognition (HOCR) in eight Indian languages i.e. Bangla, Gujarati, Gurumukhi, Hindi, Kannada, Odia, Telugu, and Urdu. The datasets IIIT-HW-Dev and IIIT-HW-Telugu refer to a Devanagari dataset and a Telugu dataset respectively. The IIITINDIC-HW-WORDS consists of 872K handwritten words written in 8 Indic scripts by 135 writers. Devanagari and Telugu datasets are comprised of 95K and 120K handwritten words respectively. Tamil and Malayalam languages are excluded due to issues in the IIIT-INDIC-HW-WORDS dataset. The paper describes how the CNN-Transformer architecture leverages visual and textual features to perform OCR tasks in different languages. The model takes word images as input then CNN generates visual features, and feeds them to the transformer decoder for text generation. An encoder ResNet18 and a decoder from a transformer have been used for all eight languages to evaluate the performance of this architecture. This architecture performed best in Kannada with just a 1.5% character error rate.
An Alternative Approach to the Ergodic Problem

The usual approach to the ergodic problem makes use of the idea of "coarse-graining". That is, a macroscopic observer is supposed to be limited to "coarse-grained" experiments, and the resultant lack of complete information about the system gives rise to the irreversible increase of the (coarse-grained) entropy. It is shown that this approach is untenable, since macroscopic observers are not restricted in principle to coarse-grained experiments, and in fact one "fine-grained" experiment has already been carried out in practice. An alternative approach is presented which avoids these difficulties. The irreversible increase of entropy is due to molecules outside the system proper, which collide with the outside of the box enclosing the system; this leads to a truly random, in principle unpredictable perturbation, which can be treated only stochastically. The number of particles within the system is irrelevant for this purpose, and in particular need not be large.
A Real-time Intrusion Detection Method for Industrial Control Network Based on Heterogeneous Feature Extractor

Industrial control network intrusion detection system has higher requirements for detection rate, false positive rate, and real-time performance. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a new type of feature extractor abstracting mapping from the original low-level feature set to the high-level feature set. This feature extractor is composed of 3 heterogeneous sub-feature extractors 1D CNN, LSTM, and SAE. Secondly, the integrated feature set passes through a random forest (RF) classifier. Thirdly, combined with the regularity and stability of the industrial control network, a suspected host inspection method is designed based on the sequential hypothesis testing of real-time network traffic. This method uses the individual learner results of the above 3 feature extractors. Combining the above, two-stage fusion (SHT-RF) is carried out to realize real-time industrial control network intrusion detection, and achieve the purpose of improving the detection rate and enhancing the robustness of the system. Finally, it is verified on the CICIDS2017 data set. The detection rate of the proposed method is 99.59%, and the false positive rate is 0.09%. Compared with other machine learning methods, it has achieved a good improvement effect.
Statistics of the Two-Dimensional Ferromagnet. Part II

In an effort to make statistical methods available for the treatment of cooperational phenomena, the Ising model of ferromagnetism is treated by rigorous Boltzmann statistics. A method is developed which yields the partition function as the largest eigenvalue of some finite matrix, as long as the manifold is only one dimensionally infinite. The method is carried out fully for the linear chain of spins which has no ferromagnetic properties. Then a sequence of finite matrices is found whose largest eigenvalue approaches the partition function of the two-dimensional square net as the matrix order gets large. It is shown that these matrices possess a symmetry property which permits location of the Curie temperature if it exists and is unique. It lies at JkTc=0.8814 if we denote by J the coupling energy between neighboring spins. The symmetry relation also excludes certain forms of singularities at Tc, as, e.g., a jump in the specific heat. However, the information thus gathered by rigorous analytic methods remains incomplete.
BONE CRACK DETECTION IN MEDICAL IMAGES USING MULTI MODEL IMAGE FUSION

In medical imaging, various modalities provide different features of the human body because they use different physical principles of imaging. CT and MRI images with high spatial resolution provide the anatomical details, while PET and SPECT show the biochemical and physiological information but their spatial resolutions are not good enough. So it is very useful and important to combine images from multi -modality scanning such that the resulting image can provide both functional and anatomical information with high spatial resolution. In this paper we present a wavelet-based image fusion algorithm. The images to be fused are firstly decomposed into high frequency and low frequency bands. We select four groups of images to simulate, and compare our simulation results with the pixel addition, weighted averaging method and wavelet method based on min-max and subtraction based fusion rule. Then, the low and high frequency components are combined by using different fusion rules. Finally, the fused image is instructed by inverse wavelet transform. The various objective and subjective evaluation metrics and Quality are calculated to compare the results. The wavelet based fusion methods using different fusion rules are compared both subjectively as well as objectively. The experimental results show that the pixel minimum method is giving the better results in respect of MSE, SNR and using edge based quality metrics addition method observed to be better in preserving the edge information. One Image fusion method can be perfect for one particular application but may not for another application. So it depends on which information to extract, enhance, and reconstruct or retrieve to use the particular fusion method
The MAGPI Survey: impact of environment on the total internal mass distribution of galaxies in the last 5 Gyr

We investigate the impact of environment on the internal mass distribution of galaxies using the Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral field spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey. We use 2D resolved stellar kinematics to construct Jeans dynamical models for galaxies at mean redshift z ∼ 0.3, corresponding to a lookback time of 3–4 Gyr. The internal mass distribution for each galaxy is parametrized by the combined mass density slope γ (baryons + dark matter), which is the logarithmic change of density with radius. We use a MAGPI sample of 28 galaxies from low-to-mid density environments and compare to density slopes derived from galaxies in the high density Frontier Fields clusters in the redshift range 0.29 < z < 0.55, corresponding to a lookback time of ∼5 Gyr. We find a median density slope of γ = −2.22 ± 0.05 for the MAGPI sample, which is significantly steeper than the Frontier Fields median slope (γ = −2.00 ± 0.04), implying the cluster galaxies are less centrally concentrated in their mass distribution than MAGPI galaxies. We also compare to the distribution of density slopes from galaxies in ATLAS3D at z ∼ 0, because the sample probes a similar environmental range as MAGPI. The ATLAS3D median total slope is γ = −2.25 ± 0.02, consistent with the MAGPI median. Our results indicate environment plays a role in the internal mass distribution of galaxies, with no evolution of the slope in the last 3–4 Gyr. These results are in agreement with the predictions of cosmological simulations.