Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of moderately elevated trimethylamine N-oxide with cardiovascular risk: is TMAO serving as a marker for hepatic insulin resistance

To date, at least five prospective cohort studies have concluded that increased plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) predict increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with pre-existing coronary heart disease.1–5 Moreover, though some epidemiology does not support a connection between plasma TMAO and CV risk,6 7 a recent meta-analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies concludes that higher plasma TMAO correlates with a 23% increase in risk for CV events (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.42), as well as a 55% increase in all-cause mortality.8 The possibility that TMAO may be a mediating factor in this regard is raised by rodent studies in which plasma levels have been raised either by direct oral administration of TMAO, or by administration of very high doses (proportionately very much higher than would be employed in human supplementation) of its precursors phosphatidylcholine and carnitine; in these studies, in which the achieved plasma level of TMAO was at least an order of magnitude higher than commonly observed in humans, a proatherogenic effect was documented.9–14 In vitro studies, likewise employing supraphysiological concentrations of TMAO, have demonstrated effects suggesting proatherogenic potential.12 13 15–17 In case–control epidemiology, elevated TMAO has also been linked to substantially increased risk for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.18–20 Indeed, the correlations between TMAO and diabetes risk appear to be stronger than those for CV risk. Yet the notion that TMAO acts as a human vascular toxin at the plasma concentrations seen in people with reasonably normal renal function is difficult to square with other recent findings. Preformed TMAO is notably high in fish, in which it serves to maintain osmotic balance; levels tend to be higher in deep-sea fish, which must survive at higher pressures.21–24 This TMAO can be directly absorbed …
Drug used pattern by self-medication among the RT-PCR positive health workers in Dhaka city

Background: To date there is no effective treatment against COVID-19. Self-medication played one of the major modes of treatment among general population as well as the health workers during this pandemic. Studying the pattern of self-medication among the health care workers (HCWs) may indicate their knowledge and skills towards rational use of medicines. The aim of the study was to assess the pattern self-medication among the COVID-19 affected HCWs.Methods: This cross-sectional survey assessed the pattern of drug used by self-medication among the health workers who were RT-PCR positive in context to Bangladesh.Results: A total of 267 HCWs data were collected. Most of the HCWs were in middle age group between 31-40 years with the mean age of 32.2±5.2. Doctors (83.9%) enrolled five times more than the nurses (16.1%). Most of the HCWs (60.3%) commenced medications just after appearance of symptoms and 27.0% went for the RT-PCR testing. Only 3.7% went to health care facilities for treatment. More than sixty percent of the respondents took medication by themselves just after start the symptoms, 19 (33.7%) took advised from the specialists and attended at health facilities 2.6%. Most of the patients (42.7%) used azithromycin as antimicrobial agent. Paracetamol was the most used drug among the participants (78.65%) followed by antihistamines (67.79%). Average number of drugs used by patients 3.1% and percentage of antibiotics per patients 42.6%. Conclusions: The prescribing practice of antibiotics shows deviation from the standard recommendation. Awareness regarding essentials drug list should be needed.
Corium Experimental Thermodynamics: A Review and Some Perspectives

More than 30 years ago a specialist meeting was held at Joint Research Center Ispra (Italy) from 15 to 17 January 1990 to review the current understanding of chemistry during severe accidents in light water reactors (LWR). Let us consider that, at the end of the 1980s, thermodynamics introduced in the severe accident codes was really poor. Only some equilibrium constants for a few simple reactions between stoichiometric compounds were used as well as some simple correlations giving estimates of solidus and liquidus temperatures. In the same time, the CALPHAD method was developed and was full of promise to approximate the thermodynamic properties of a complex thermochemical system by the way of a critical assessment of experimental data, a definition of a simple physical model and an optimisation procedure to define the values of the model parameters. It was evident that a nuclear thermodynamic database had to be developed with that new technique to obtain quite rapidly prominent progress in the knowledge of thermochemistry in the severe accident research area. Discussions focused on the important chemical phenomena that could occur across the wide range of conditions of a damaged nuclear plant. The most pressing need for improved chemical models is identified with condensed phase mixtures to model the corium progression. This paper reviews more than 30 years of experimental data production in the field of corium thermodynamics. This work has been conducted through multiple international programs (EURATOM, ISTC, OECD) as well as through more specific studies conducted at the national scale. This research has been capitalised in specific databases such as NUCLEA and TAF-ID, databases developed at IRSN and at CEA, respectively, and are now used in degradation models of the severe accident simulation codes. This research is presented in this paper. In the conclusion, we outline the research perspectives that need to be considered in order to address today’s and tomorrow’s issues.
Dynamic Analysis of Wake Characteristics of the Circular Cylinder with a Dimpled Surface

In order to understand the wake characteristics for the circular cylinder with the dimpled structure, particle image velocimetry (PIV) and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method are used to measure and analyze the flow field velocity and the flow characteristic of the wake flow of the circular cylinder with the dimpled surface. This study focuses on the distribution of Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy, the velocity profiles and recirculation zones, and the velocity fluctuating characteristics of flow field with POD technology. It is found that the equivalent high-intensity Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy regions of the circular cylinder with the dimpled surface are smaller, and the peak values are lower, and the velocity gradient in the wake region of the circular cylinder with the dimpled surface is larger. Otherwise, the energy contained by the dominant modes of the smooth cylinder is larger than that contained by the dominant modes of the circular cylinders with the dimpled surface, which means the energy of the dimpled cylinder is more distributed. At the same time, it is observed that the dimpled structure will decrease the vortex shedding intensity, but may increase the vortex shedding frequency, and destroy the inherent flow mode of the flow field around the cylinder.
Activated Carbon, Carbon Nanofibers and Carbon-Covered Alumina as Support for W2C in Stearic Acid Hydrodeoxygenation

Carbon materials play a crucial role in sorbents and heterogeneous catalysis and are widely used as catalyst support for several reactions. This paper reports on an investigation of tungsten carbide (W2C) catalyst on three types of carbon support, namely activated carbon (AC), carbon nanofibers (CNF) and carbon-covered alumina (CCA). We evaluated their activity and selectivity in stearic acid hydrodeoxygenation at 350 °C and 30 bar H2. Although all three W2C catalysts displayed similar intrinsic catalytic activities, the support did influence product distribution. At low conversions (<5%), W2C/AC yielded the highest amount of oxygenates relative to W2C/CNF and W2C/CCA. This suggests that the conversion of oxygenates into hydrocarbons is more difficult over W2C/AC than over W2C/CNF and W2C/CCA, which we relate to the lower acidity and smaller pore size of W2C/AC. The support also had an influence on the C18-unsaturated/C18-saturated ratio. At conversions below 30%, W2C/CNF presented the highest C18-unsaturated/C18-saturated ratio in product distribution, which we attribute to the higher mesopore volume of CNF. However, at higher conversions (>50%), W2C/CCA presented the highest C18-unsaturated/C18-saturated ratio in product distribution, which appears to be linked to W2C/CCA having the highest ratio of acid/metallic sites.
The Indian Chronic Kidney Disease (ICKD) study: baseline characteristics

ABSTRACT Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a lack of information on epidemiology and progression of CKD in low–middle income countries. The Indian Chronic Kidney Disease (ICKD) study aims to identify factors that associate with CKD progression, and development of kidney failure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Indian patients with CKD. Methods ICKD study is prospective, multicentric cohort study enrolling patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15–60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with proteinuria. Clinical details and biological samples are collected at annual visits. We analysed the baseline characteristics including socio-demographic details, risk factors, disease characteristics and laboratory measurements. In addition, we compared characteristics between urban and rural participants. Results A total of 4056 patients have been enrolled up to 31 March 2020. The mean ± SD age was 50.3 ± 11.8 years, 67.2% were males, two-thirds of patients lived in rural areas and the median eGFR was 40 mL/min/1.73 m2. About 87% were hypertensive, 37% had diabetes, 22% had CVD, 6.7% had past history of acute kidney injury and 23% reported prior use of alternative drugs. Diabetic kidney disease, chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) and CKD-cause unknown (CKDu) were the leading causes. Rural participants had more occupational exposure and tobacco use but lower educational status and income. CIN and unknown categories were leading causes in rural participants. Conclusions The ICKD study is the only large cohort study of patients with mild-to-moderate CKD in a lower middle income country. Baseline characteristics of study population reveal differences as compared with other cohorts from high-income countries.
Leadership, green innovation, and green creativity: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Conceptual and empirical progress have failed to keep up with growing industry interest in leadership, green innovation, and green creativity in the service industries. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by reviewing the literature on the relationship between leadership and green innovation/creativity. A total of 65 studies indexed in the Scopus database are analyzed. A systematic review and thematic analysis are performed utilizing Leximancer mixed analysis software. Descriptive findings are provided under eight categories: (1) studies by journal, (2) by method, (3) by time, (4) by country, (5) correlations between leadership and green innovation/creativity, (6) commonly used scales of green innovation and creativity, (7) summary of moderators, and (8) summary of mediators between leadership and green innovation/creativity. The findings show that there is a growing interest in the causal relationships among leadership and green innovation/creativity, and that Asian countries dominate the study domain. This study proposes a taxonomy of mediators and moderators. A concept map illustrating the main themes and concepts is also presented, and the study concludes by offering an agenda for future research. This study contributes to a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying green innovation/creativity in the service context as well as extending research on the leadership–green-innovation/creativity nexus.
ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN KELOR OLEH IBU BALITA DALAM MENCEGAH STUNTING DI DESA BANFANU WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS NOEMUTI TAHUN 2019

Dunia ilmu pengetahuan mengakui bahwa Kelor merupakan tanaman paling kaya akan nutrisi yang ditemukan saat ini, mengandung lebih banyak dan lebih padat vitamin, mineral, anti-oksidan kuat tertinggi dan asam amino lengkap. Studi Pendahuluan didapatkan masih banyak ibu hamil, nifas/menyusui dan ibu balita yang tidak mengetahui manfaat penting dan sumber gizi yang tinggi pada Kelor. Selain itu memiliki keterbatasan dalam mengelola Kelor menjadi bahan makanan yang beraneka ragam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana Pemanfaatan Kelor Oleh Ibu Balita Dalam Mencegah Stunting di Desa Banfanu Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Noemuti Tahun 2019. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif analitik, dengan pendekatan cross sectional, menggunakan data primer dengan kuesioner dan data sekunder dari buku register balita. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei - Juli Tahun 2019 di di Desa Banfanu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita usia dibawah 5 tahun yang berada pada wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Noemuti. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 52 orang ibu yang memiliki balita usia dibawah 5 tahun, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah simple random sampling. Analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan Chi Square dan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian sebagian besar responden memiliki Pengetahuan baik (76.9%), Sikap yang positif (75.0%), Ketersediaan Kelor ada (94.2%) dan Pola konsumsi baik (48.1%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan Pengetahuan (p = 0,016), Sikap (p = 0,018), Ketersediaan Kelor (p = 0,014), dan Pola konsumsi (p = 0,013) dengan pemanfaatan Kelor oleh Ibu Balita dalam Mencegah Stunting. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya faktor risiko yang dominan dengan pemanfaatan Kelor dalam mencegah stunting yaitu Pengetahuan dan Pola konsumsi. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Pengetahuan, Sikap, Ketersediaan Kelor, dan Pola konsumsi dengan pemanfaatan Kelor. Tanaman Kelor telah berhasil digunakan untuk mengatasi malnutrisi pada anak-anak dengan ditambahkan pada makanan anak - anak menunjukkan pertumbuhan berat badan yang signifikan.
Oil shocks and the Economic Growth: A Study for Oil-importing and Exporting Countries in the Time of Covid-19

This article discusses the effect of the oil shock on some OECD oil-importing countries such as Canada, France, Italy, China, and the United States and some OPEC oil-exporting countries such as Algeria, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. The model is estimated for the years 1976-2021. five annual variables are used for each country. The variables within the model include real oil prices, GDP growth, inflation, real wages, and real effective exchange rates. Real GDP is the main variable that shows the effects of oil prices on the economy, and the impact of oil prices on other model variables will indirectly affect economic activities. For this purpose, we estimate the vector autoregression model. Estimates obtained for different countries show that oil price shocks are one of the variables affecting economic growth. Also, in oil-exporting countries, oil shocks on economic growth are positive and negative in oil-importing countries. Also, Covid-19 is studied as an effective parameter in creating oil shocks.
Volatile Organic Compounds of the Glandular Trichomes of Ocimum basilicum and Artifacts during the Distillation of the Leaves

Focusing on volatile organic compounds (VOC) of Ocimum basilicum, this study aims to determine the chemical composition of VOC in secretory trichomes and compare it with that of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves. The technique of extracting the content of glandular trichomes refers to the microneedle shuttle analysis. Hydrodistillation of fresh leaves was done with a Clevenger distiller (EO). The chemical compositions were determined by GC/FID and GC/MS. The head of the capitate trichomes does not contain volatile compounds. Fifty volatile compounds were detected in the EO, and twenty-four volatile compounds were detected in the VOC; the main components were eugenol (from 15.47 ± 1.05% to 41.89 ± 2.83%) and linalool (from 32.05 ± 2.57% to 28.99 ± 2.32%), respectively. During the distillation of the basil leaves 26 artifacts are formed. The composition of the essential oil of O. basilicum therefore depends not only on the plant but also on the method used to obtain it.
Effect of Climate Warming on Seedling Growth and Biomass Accumulation of Acacia modesta and Olea ferruginea in a Subtropical Scrub Forest of Pakistan

ABSTRACT This study investigated the short-term impacts of projected climate warming on two dominant tree species of the Hayat-ul-Mir subtropical scrub forest of Pakistan. Seedlings of Acacia modesta and Olea ferruginea were exposed to ambient (To) and warming temperature (To + 2.3°C and To + 4.5°C) with control (M15%) and elevated (M20%) soil moisture in plant growth chamber for 90 days. To + 4.5°C induced detrimental effects on both species inhibiting seed germination and reducing their growth rate, biomass accumulation and allocation, however promoted development of root nodules (12 ± 4,0 nodules/root) in A. modesta. To + 2.3°C with M20% was beneficial for O. ferruginea with significant increase in stem height (4.8 ± 1.4 cm), elongated roots (31.2 ± 3.4 cm), branch development (9 ± 1.7), biomass accumulation (8.69 ± 0.4 g) and higher foliar nutrient concentration but for A. modesta it only promoted root elongation (16.5 ± 1.3 cm) and biomass accumulation in stem (1.05 ± 0.1 g) and foliage (0.08 ± 0.001 g). A. modesta grew better under To with significantly high germination and survival rate. A future 2.3°C warming could be ecologically significant to induce shifts in the structure and function of the Hayat-ul-Mir forest. RÉSUMÉ Cette étude a évalué les effets à court terme du réchauffement climatique projeté sur deux espèces arborescentes dominantes de la forêt arbustive subtropicale Hayat-ul-Mir au Pakistan. Des plantules de Acacia modesta et de Olea ferruginea ont été exposées à la température ambiante (To) ou à des réchauffements (To + 2,3°C et To + 4,5°C), selon une humidité du sol témoin (M15%) ou élevée (M20%) dans des chambres de croissance pendant 90 jours. To + 4,5°C a eu des effets délétères sur les deux espèces, empêchant la germination des graines et réduisant la croissance, l'accumulation et l'allocation de biomasse. Toutefois, To + 4,5°C a favorisé le développement de nodules racinaires (12 ± 4,0 nodules/racine) chez A. modesta. To + 2,3°C avec M20% a été bénéfique pour O. ferruginea, entraînant une augmentation significative de la hauteur des tiges (4,8 ± 1,4 cm), l'élongation racinaire (31,2 ± 3,4 cm), le développement de branches (9 ± 1,7), l'accumulation de biomasse (8,69 ± 0,4 g) et une concentration foliaire en nutriments plus élevée. Toutefois, chez A. modesta, To + 2,3°C avec M20% a seulement favorisé l'élongation racinaire (16,5 ± 1,3 cm) et l'accumulation de biomasse dans les tiges (1,05 ± 0,1 g) et dans les feuilles (0,08 ± 0,001 g). A. modesta a cru davantage sous To, affichant une germination et un taux de survie significativement élevés. Un réchauffement futur de 2,3°C pourrait être significatif écologiquement en entraînant des changements de structure et de fonction de la forêt Hayat-ul-Mir.
2021年5月22日青海玛多 M S 7.4地震发震构造分析

精确的余震序列定位及震源机制反演能够提供强震破裂尺度、发震断层面和区域应力场等信息，为震后应急决策和分析发震构造提供科学依据. 本研究采用双差定位方法对2021年5月22日青海玛多MS7. 4地震序列进行精定位，得到震后9天内共1055个事件的精定位结果；同时，利用青海、西藏、四川和甘肃台网记录的波形数据，采用近震全波形矩张量反演方法得到了玛多MS7. 4地震15次中等余震（MS≥4.0）震源机制解，并进一步反演得到震源区构造应力场. 地震定位结果显示，玛多主震位于玛多—甘德断裂与甘德南缘断裂之间，发震断层面较为陡立，余震序列在时间上呈现出不对称的双侧破裂模式，且沿主破裂面的两端均表现出分支破裂特征，说明本次地震触发了分支断层；震源机制结果显示15次中等余震包含12次走滑型和3次逆冲型地震，暗示主断层破裂受到局部异常结构的影响；另外，应力场反演表明震源区为近EW向挤压特征，与该区域最大水平主压应力优势取向一致. 结合上述结果以及周边地质构造背景，我们认为玛多地震发震构造为位于巴颜喀拉地块内部一条NWW向的高倾角左旋走滑断裂，主破裂触发了东西两端分支断层活动，断层面的非均匀性控制了余震序列时空分布的差异性.
Does Perceiving Throwabiliy Require a Task Specific Device?

Abstract Throwing performance, throwability perception and subjectively felt heaviness all depend on object size and weight. Here we investigate how size and weight must be detected to perceive throwability. In previous studies, the size-weight relation was detected by hefting an object in the hand and looking at it. Thus, it could be that detecting the size-weight relation and perceiving throwability entail a visual-kinesthetic multisensory process. On the other hand, it may be that a task-specific, action-relevant perceptual organization is required, meaning that we must perform a hand-arm action that is analogous to throwing to detect the perceptual information for throwability. In this case, haptic detection of size and weight via hefting would be sufficient. We tested these alternative hypotheses by manipulating the hefting method and found that when participants visually detected size and kinesthetically detected weight, they perceived throwability less accurately and less precisely than when detecting size and weight just haptically. Only in the latter case was felt heaviness consistent with perceived throwability. Hefting with eyes open or closed led to equivalent affordance perception and thus, perceiving throwability did not require multisensory processing. These results supported the task-specific device theory.
Determination of phytoconstituents of n-hexane extract of leaves of Morus nigra and evaluation of their effects on biochemical and histopathological parameters in paracetamol intoxicated mice liver

In-vitro investigation of Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) has demonstrated the evidence of several antioxidant compounds. Current study was aimed to determine the phytoconstituents and hepatoprotective potential of n-hexane extract of Morus nigra. Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups: normal control, paracetamol control, silymarin control, 250 mg/kg p.o. extract for 7 days plus paracetamol 3 h later, 500 mg/kg p.o. extract for 7 days plus paracetamol 3 h later. Serum levels of liver enzymes and total bilirubin were assessed and compared between the groups by using one-way ANOVA to confirm hepatoprotective activity. HPLC analysis revealed the presence quercetin, oleanolic acid, luteolin, apigenin, vitamin C and kuwanon C. n-hexane extract of Morus nigra at dose of 250 mg/kg reduced elevated ALT by 54.3% (p<0.001), AST by 55.1% (p<0.01), ALP by 28.5% (p<0.01) and TBR by 56.4% (p<0.01) as compared to paracetamol control. The dose of 500 mg/kg of the extract reduced the ALT levels by 62.9% (p<0.001), AST by 56.7% (p<0.01), ALP by 33.6% (p<0.01) and TBR by 54.5% (p<0.01), as compared to paracetamol group. However, the reduction of liver enzymes and total bilirubin after administration of extract was comparable to the silymarin. Current study demonstrated potential hepatoprotective activity of n-hexane extract of Morus nigra.