Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food shortage and the effect on growth, condition factor and fitness of Trevally (Caranx ignobilis) under rearing condition

Caranx ignobilis, is one of the iconic culture species in Ambon inner bay recently, unfortunately feeding remains problematic, yet is of profound importance. This study is aimed to examine the effect of feeding and unfed period cycles on growth trajectories and the well being during treatment. In totall, 259 fish ranging in size of 17.05cm-20.47cm SL and weight between 142.00 gr - 221.25 gr were subjected to receive three different feeding regimes. All fish were kept in 3x3x3m pollyethylene net cages receiving 1 day unfed and 1 day re-feeding (1F1RF), 2 days unfed and 2 days re-feeding (2F2RF), 3 days unfed and 3 days re-feeding (3F3RF) were compared to the fish feed daily as control group. Low value fish of shortfin scad, Decapterus macrosoma, were given twice per day at 0900hrs-1000hrs am and 1600hrs-1700hrs pm as much as 15% of total biomass. Standard length and weigth were recorded once per two weeks for 5 months. Analysis of mean length at harvest time showed no significant differences (Fα 0.05 : 1.6297 Fcritical = 2,866). Tukey test among treatments and control revealed significant differences, q value range from 8,23-14,29>qcritical0,05, 36, 4 = 3,845. No significant difference, however among treatments; q = 3,2 1 indicating growth compensation, while the RCF = 1.36 suggesting the same body condition with control group and remain in good fit.
The mathematics approaches in the analysis of mathematics syllabuses similarities among Japanese and Bosnia and Herzegovina universities

The goal of our research is improvement of mathematics curriculum and popularization of mathematics among students of economics in developing countries. We analyze and compare curricula of pure mathematics courses that are taught to university students of faculties of economics in Japan and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data set contains math syllabuses in 2021/22 school year from six public universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and seven from Japan. The text corpus was pre-processed and then the Term Frequency – Inverse Document Frequency algorithm, and Sentence Transformed Multi QA model were applied to build word vectors, find the similarity among Japanese and Bosnia and Herzegovina mathematics syllabuses using cosine similarity approach, and to find the key competences of these two countries mathematics syllabuses using the word cloud. Our results show the following similarity between the curricula: 60.7 percent using TF-IDF and 80.3 percent using Multi QA model. The key competences in the Japanese mathematics course are narrow and focused, in contrast to Bosnia and Herzegovina’s.
Numerical reckoning fixed points for Suzuki’s generalized nonexpansive mappings via new iteration process

In this paper we propose a new three-step iteration process, called M iteration process, for approximation of fixed points. Some weak and strong convergence theorems are proved for Suzuki generalized nonexpansive mappings in the setting of uniformly convex Banach spaces. Numerical example is given to show the efficiency of new iteration process. Our results are the extension, improvement and generalization of many known results in the literature of iterations in fixed point theory.
Les bytownites du Rift d'Asal. Première partie : étude des verres basaltiques inclus dans les mégacristaux : nouvelle approche pour la connaissance de certains processus pétrogénétiques

Dans les megacristaux de bytownite d'Asal (Republique de Djibouti, ex T. F. A. I), au cours d'une croissance rapide et non homogene, du magma parent, actuellement present dans les cristaux sous forme d'inclusions vitreuses, a ete piege. L'etude optique, les reanimations magmatiques suivies puis controlees sous le microscope de chauffe et les differentes techniques analytiques (microsonde electronique, microanalyseur ionique) ont permis : — de determiner la composition chimique de ces verres magmatiques qui correspond a celle d'un basalte a affinite tholeitique ; — de connaitre les derniers evenements thermiques subis par le cristal pendant la mise en place de la lave ; — d'estimer la temperature minimale de cristallisation du mineral hote a partir du liquide inclus ; — d'obtenir, en fonction de la temperature, un plagioclase zone de plus en plus sodique : An 85 a An 51 de 1 200 a 1 050 + 25° C ; — d'obtenir dans le liquide, a partir de x 100° C, la cristallisation quasi simultanee d'olivine, de plagioclase, de pyroxene et de mineraux opaques qui se dissolvent aux environs de 1 200° C ; — de mesurer la vitesse de croissance d'un cristal d'augite suivant l'axe C : 3 a 4 µm/mn a 1 150° C ; — d'obtenir des cristaux d'augite zones qui presentent une texture en «sablier » lorsque l'on fait varier la temperature ; — de suivre les variations de composition chimique de l'inclusion qui se produisent au cours de la cristallisation de l'aureole feldspathique et des autres phases. La signification petrogenetique des inclusions vitreuses et l'interet de leur etude dans le domaine des roches eruptives sont discutes.
V ERBATIM , S TANDARD , OR E DITED ? R EADING P ATTERNS OF D IFFERENT C APTIONING S TYLES A

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of efforts to make audiovisual programs accessible to deaf and hard of hearing people through closed-captioning. (For a discussion of the term subtitling versus captioning, see de Linde and Kay, 1999, p. 8, and Neves, 2008). Some countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, have taken the lead, especially focusing on the quantity of captioning and on increasing statutory targets. Others, such as Poland,1 the site of the present study, have tried to follow suit—both in terms of quantity and quality of captioning, but are still lagging behind. Pursuant to a 2007 European Union (EU) directive,2 Poland has introduced accessibility regulations requiring broadcasters to provide 10% of their programs with captions, audio descriptions, and sign language interpreting (Polish Journal of Laws of 2011), though this has occurred only recently. Regardless of the development stage of captioning in particular countries, it seems that certain issues are recurrent in captioning. One of them is the question of whether captions should be rendered verbatim—that is, in the form of a literal and faithful transcription of the dialogue list—or should be edited—that is, condensed and simplified in order to foster comprehension and facilitate the reading NE OF THE most frequently recurring themes in captioning is whether captions should be edited or verbatim. The authors report on the results of an eye-tracking study of captioning for deaf and hard of hearing viewers reading different types of captions. By examining eye movement patterns when these viewers were watching clips with verbatim, standard, and edited captions, the authors tested whether the three different caption styles were read differently by the study participants (N = 40): 9 deaf, 21 hard of hearing, and 10 hearing individuals. Interesting interaction effects for the proportion of dwell time and fixation count were observed. In terms of group differences, deaf participants differed from the other two groups only in the case of verbatim captions. The results are discussed with reference to classical reading studies, audiovisual translation, and a new concept of viewing speed.
Studies on the resonant properties in the asymmetric dipole-array terahertz metamaterials

Artificial metamaterials with appropriate design can exhibit unique electromagnetic phenomena which do not exist in natural materials. Some studies have shown that the method of breaking the geometric symmetry is capable to modify the electromagnetic response, such as the metamaterial induced transparency in the Fano resonators. In this work, by using the finite-difference time-domain method, we firstly simulate the process that terahertz wave interacts with double-bar structures, in which one bar length is fixed at 36 μm and the other bar length is set to be 12, 24, 36, 48, and 56 μm, respectively. The incident terahertz polarization is along the bar direction. Simulated results show when the variable bar length is less than 36 μm, there is only one obvious resonant dip in transmission spectrum. Meanwhile, with the decreased bar length, this dip frequency presents a slight blueshift. Additionally, by tuning the spacing vertical to bar direction between these two bars, it still exhibits one dip. This result indicates the short bar less than 36 μm does not play important role and the coupling between vertical bars is weak. However, when the variable bar length is larger than 36 μm there are two obvious Fano-shaped resonant dips. With the increased bar length, the low-frequency dip shows a remarkable redshift, while the high-frequency one is almost unchanged. By further tuning the bar spacing vertical to the bar direction, two dips always exist. This phenomenon implies that the coupling between horizontal bars is dominated in this process. Moreover, the metamaterial induced transparency window is found between two resonant dips. The appearance of the resonances is attributed to the excitation of trapped mode. Our obtained results indicate that such metamaterials with very simple configuration could also provide the potential application in the field of terahertz slow-light devices, amplitude and phase modulators.
Experimental study on the characteristics of capillary surface waves on a liquid film on an ultrasonically vibrated substrate

In this paper, we report experimental results on the propagation speed, wavelength, and frequency of capillary surface waves induced by imposing ultrasonic vibration on the substrate of a few millimeter thick water film. It is common knowledge that imposing a low frequency vertical vibration (∼1–102 Hz) on a liquid body or layer results in bulk oscillation of the liquid and creation of standing surface waves with a frequency comparable to the excitation frequency (harmonic and subharmonic Faraday waves). Our experiments showed that the response of a liquid layer excited by horizontal and vertical ultrasonic frequency (20–68 kHz) is quite different, hypothetically because of a huge difference and mismatch between the characteristic times of vibration (small) and momentum diffusion (large) at high excitation frequencies. We observed that an excitation frequency of the order of 104 Hz results in the formation of traveling waves with frequencies of the order of 102 Hz, i.e. much smaller than the excitation frequency. In addition, we measured the speed of the Marangoni flow on the surface of a liquid film. We found that imposing ultrasonic vibration did not affect the speed of the Marangoni flow, corroborating that the ultrasonic vibration-induced traveling waves do not cause a bulk translational motion, and thus the flow on the surface is potential, whereas adjacent to the substrate a boundary layer forms. The studied problem is not only an intriguing fluid dynamics problem, it also has an existing application in the fabrication of thin coatings and solid films under ultrasonic excitation for emerging technologies, such as printed electronics and photovoltaics.
Optimizing antiretroviral therapy for children living with HIV: Experience from an observational cohort in Lesotho

Introduction We describe transition of HIV-positive children from efavirenz- or nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) to optimal dolutegravir (DTG) or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) (solid formulation)-based ART in Lesotho. Methods We followed a cohort of children less than 15 years of age who were initiated on ART on or after January 1, 2018 from 21 selected health facilities in Lesotho. From March 2020 to May 2022, we collected data retrospectively through chart abstraction and prospectively through caregiver interviews to cover a period of 24 months following treatment initiation. We used a structured questionnaire to collect data on demographics, ART regimen, drug formulations and switches, viral suppression, retention, and drug administration challenges. Data were summarized as frequencies and percentages, using SAS ver.9. 4. Results Of 310 children enrolled in the study, 169 (54.5%) were female, and median age at ART initiation was 5.9 years (IQR 1.1–11.1). During follow-up, 19 (6.1%) children died, 41 (13.2%) were lost to follow-up and 74 (23.9%) transferred to non-study sites. At baseline, 144 (46.4%) children were receiving efavirenz-based ART regimen, 133 (42.9%) LPV/r, 27 (8.7%) DTG, 5 (1.6%) nevirapine; 1 child had incomplete records. By study end, 143 (46.1%) children were receiving LPV/r-based ART regimen, 109 (35.2%) DTG, and 58 (18.7%) were on efavirenz or nevirapine-based regimen. Of 116 children with viral load results after six months or more on a consistent regimen, viral suppression was seen in 35/53 (66.0%) children on LPV/r, 36/38 (94.7%) children on DTG and 19/24 (79.2%) children on efavirenz. Conclusion Following optimal ART introduction in Lesotho, most children in the cohort were transitioned and many attained or maintained viral suppression after transition; however, we recommend more robust viral load monitoring and patient tracking to reduce losses and improve outcomes after ART transition.
The Information Society: An International

This article reports on a series of in-depth interviews with UK consumers about shopping, which served to investigatetheir views on the collection and use of consumers’ personal information by commercial organizations. The interviews were used to analyze consumers’ constructions of privacy infringement. No single type of information was found to count as personal in all situations. Rather, privacy infringement was constructed as a situated account. This ª situated privacyº depended upon the visibility of a mediating technology; the perceived legitimacy of information requests; the representation of intrusion or disruption of legitimate activity; perceived imbalances of power and control; and representations of the social context. By focusing on the daily activityof shopping insteadofaskingdirectquestionsabout privacy,we found that privacyconcernswererarelyindependently raisedby intervie-weesasanimportantfeatureinmakingdecisionsaboutpurchasing. However, almost all of those interviewed drew on a repertoire of concerns about use of personal informationwhen prompted speci-® cally to discuss privacy issues in relation to shopping.
Onset of ADL and IADL limitation among Chinese middle-aged and older adults

It is important to measure the prevalence and onset of limitations for older adults to take critical day-to-day activities in the population. However, too often, only very older people are covered, and too few activities are included in the studies. Using a nationally representative sample from 2011 to 2018 (N = 16, 381), this study characterizes the limitation pattern covering ADL and IADL activities among middle-aged and older adults in China. We use survival models to characterize the limitation transition. We find that half of the population become limited in activities including housekeeping, toileting, managing money, and cooking in their early 70s, followed by shopping, bathing, transferring and dressing in their late 70s, continence, and taking medications in their early 80s, and feeding in their early 90s. In addition, women show significantly younger age of limitation onsets for all activities except continence.
Rapid monophasic HBsAg decline during nucleic-acid polymer–based therapy predicts functional cure

Background and Aims: Analyzing the interplay among serum HBV DNA, HBsAg, anti-HBs, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) during nucleic-acid polymer (NAP)-based therapy for chronic hepatitis B provides a unique opportunity to identify kinetic patterns associated with functional cure. Methods: All participants with HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection in the REP 401 study (NCT02565719) first received 24 weeks of tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (TDF) monotherapy. The early triple therapy group (n = 20) next received 48 weeks of TDF+pegylated interferon-α2a (pegIFN)+NAPs. In contrast, the delayed triple therapy group (n = 20) next received 24 weeks of TDF+pegIFN before 48 weeks of triple therapy. Three participants discontinued treatment and were excluded. Functional cure (HBsAg and HBV DNA not detectable with normal ALT) was assessed at 48 weeks post-treatment. Different kinetic phases were defined by at least a 2-fold change in slope. A single-phase decline was categorized as monophasic, and 2-phase declines were categorized as biphasic. Results: Fourteen (35%) participants achieved a functional cure. HBV DNA remained below or near undetectable for all participants by the end of TDF monotherapy and during subsequent combination therapies. Three HBsAg kinetic patterns were found in both the early and delayed groups, nonresponders (n = 4 and n = 4), monophasic (n = 11 and n = 11), and biphasic (n = 4 and n = 3), respectively. All participants who achieved a functional cure had a monophasic HBsAg kinetic pattern during triple therapy. Among participants with a monophasic HBsAg decline, those who had a functional cure had a shorter median time to HBsAg loss of 21 (interquartile range=11) weeks compared with those who did not achieve functional cure [median: 27 (7) weeks] (p = 0.012). Conclusions: Functional cure was associated with a rapid monophasic HBsAg decline during NAP-based therapy. A nonmonophasic HBsAg kinetic pattern had a 100% negative predictive value (NPV) for a functional cure.
Cytomegalovirus in biliary atresia is associated with increased pretransplant death, but not decreased native liver survival

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is likely caused by a common phenotypic response to various triggers; one proposed trigger, cytomegalovirus (CMV), may lead to worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the severity of disease and pretransplant outcomes of infants with BA, who have evidence of CMV (CMV+) at diagnosis compared with CMV-negative (CMV−) infants. Methods: The study used data and biospecimens from the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network PROBE study of cholestatic infants. Plasma obtained at the time of hepatic portoenterostomy (HPE) of 249 infants with BA was tested for CMV by DNA-PCR and CMV-IgM. Comparisons between CMV+ and CMV− infants were made using Wilcoxon rank sum, Student t test, chi-square, or Fisher exact test. Native liver survival (NLS) outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression adjusting for age at HPE; pretransplant patient survival outcomes were analyzed using a competing risk model and adjusting for age at HPE. Results: CMV+ infants (n = 29, 12%) underwent HPE later (67.8±13.6 d vs. 55.1±18.5 d, p = 0.0005) and had higher baseline alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferases. There was no difference between groups in jaundice clearance or NLS. The subdistribution HR of pretransplant death for CMV+ infants adjusted for age at HPE was 3.8 (p = 0.034). Conclusions: CMV infection at the time of HPE in infants with BA is not associated with worse NLS despite the association with worse liver injury, older age at HPE, and increased risk of pretransplant death adjusted for age at HPE. Continued evaluation of the consequences of CMV infection and the effects of antiviral treatment should be explored.
Human activities modulate reciprocal effects of a subterranean ecological engineer rodent, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, on Afroalpine vegetation cover

Abstract Human activities, directly and indirectly, impact ecological engineering activities of subterranean rodents. As engineering activities of burrowing rodents are affected by, and reciprocally affect vegetation cover via feeding, burrowing and mound building, human influence such as settlements and livestock grazing, could have cascading effects on biodiversity and ecosystem processes such as bioturbation. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between human activities and burrowing rodents. The aim of this study was therefore to understand how human activities influence the ecological engineering activity of the giant root‐rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), a subterranean rodent species endemic to the Afroalpine ecosystem of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. We collected data on human impact, burrowing activity and vegetation during February and March of 2021. Using path analysis, we tested (1) direct effects of human settlement on the patterns of livestock grazing intensity, (2) direct and indirect impacts of humans and livestock grazing intensity on the root‐rat burrow density and (3) whether human settlement and livestock grazing influence the effects of giant root‐rat burrow density on vegetation and vice versa. We found lower levels of livestock grazing intensity further from human settlement than in its proximity. We also found a significantly increased giant root‐rat burrow density with increasing livestock grazing intensity. Seasonal settlement and livestock grazing intensity had an indirect negative and positive effect on giant root‐rat burrow density, respectively, both via vegetation cover. Analysing the reciprocal effects of giant root‐rat on vegetation, we found a significantly decreased vegetation cover with increasing density of giant root‐rat burrows, and indirectly with increasing livestock grazing intensity via giant root‐rat burrow density. Our results demonstrate that giant root‐rats play a synanthropic engineering role that affects vegetation structure and ecosystem processes.