Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between health literacy and colorectal cancer screening behaviors in adults in Northwestern Turkey.

BACKGROUND In this study, aimed to determine the frequency of participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screenings, the factors affecting participation and the association between CRC screening behaviors and health literacy (HL). METHODS This community-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 408 people residing in Kirklareli, a province in Northwestern Turkey, between August and November 2019. RESULTS CRC screenings participation prevalence was 21.1%. Of them, 17.2% participated in fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) screenings, 7.6% participated in colonoscopy screenings, and 86.5% had inadequate or limited-problematic HL. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of not participating in CRC screenings was high in the participants who worked at a paid job (OR: 3.001, 95% CI: 1.018-8.850), who did not do any physical activity regularly (OR: 2.516, 95% CI: 1.251-5.060), who were not aware of the presence of an early diagnosis test for CRC (OR: 32.613, 95% CI: 13.338-79.742), who did not have a person having had CRC screening in their immediate environment (OR: 3.562, 95% CI: 1.752-7.240) and who had sufficient or excellent HL (OR: 3.324, 95% CI: 1.128-9.796). According to adjusted for some characteristics, there was no significant association between participation in CRC screenings and THLS-sub-dimensions and THLS-processes (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Participation in CRC screenings was low, and those with a high HL level were more likely not to participate in CRC screenings. Working status, knowledge and awareness levels affected the participation to CRC screenings. To encourage people to participate in screenings and to improve their HL, awareness-raising attempts for target groups should be increased.
A comparative study on endothelial cell loss in nanophthalmic eyes undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the endothelial cell loss (ECL) in nanophthalmic eyes and age-matched controls undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and also to identify the risk factors influencing the endothelial cell density (ECD). This was a prospective comparative interventional case series. Methods: We enrolled 19 nanophthalmic eyes (study group) and 42 age-matched cataract controls (control group) undergoing phacoemulsification after meeting the inclusion criteria. Ocular parameters like best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, pachymetry, specular microscopy, and slit lamp findings were noted preoperatively and at month 1 and 3 postsurgery. All nanophthalmic eyes underwent cataract surgery with concomitant prophylactic posterior sclerostomy. Results: The median percentage endothelial loss in nanophthalmic eyes was 4.0 (IQR 0–23.5), 7.4 (IQR 1.0–-22.4) at 1 and 3 months postoperatively compared to 6.3 (IQR 1.7–14.1) and 6.4 (IQR 2.6–-12.1) in age controlled normal eyes (P = 0.94, P = 0.46, respectively). Linear regression analysis showed increasing age as the only variable influencing the percentage decrease in corneal ECD in the study group (P = 0.001). Nanophthalmic eyes with ACD <2.5 mm had a significantly greater reduction in ECD at 3 months postcataract surgery compared to baseline (P = 0.039). Visual outcomes and IOP reduction in the study group with ACD >2.5 mm were significantly better postcataract surgery (P = 0.02 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: The percentage of ECL in nanophthalmic eyes undergoing phacoemulsification is equivalent to normal eyes. However, in the nanophthamic eyes with AC depth <2.5 mm, the percentage cell loss was significantly higher warranting the need for extensive intraoperative care. Increasing age was found to be the only significant risk factor influencing the ECD in short eyes.
A Little Autonomy Support Goes a Long Way: Daily Autonomy‐Supportive Parenting, Child Well‐Being, Parental Need Fulfillment, and Change in Child, Family, and Parent Adjustment Across the Adaptation to the COVID‐19 Pandemic

This study examined the effects of daily parental autonomy support on changes in child behavior, family environment, and parental well‐being across 3 weeks during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany. Day‐to‐day associations among autonomy‐supportive parenting, parental need fulfillment, and child well‐being were also assessed. Parents (longitudinal N = 469; M age = 42.93, SD age = 6.40) of school children (6–19 years) reported on adjustment measures at two measurement occasions and completed up to 21 daily online questionnaires in the weeks between these assessments. Results from dynamic structural equation models suggested reciprocal positive relations among autonomy‐supportive parenting and parental need fulfillment. Daily parental autonomy support, parental need fulfillment, and child well‐being partially predicted change in adjustment measures highlighting the central role of daily parenting for children’s adjustment during the pandemic.
Interfacial polymerization of morphologically modified polyaniline: from hollow microspheres to nanowires

BACKGROUND: Polyaniline (PANI) has attracted much attention in many fields due to its chemical and physical properties, and different nanostructures of PANI changing from one-dimensional to three-dimensional have been obtained. By changing the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the morphology of hydrochloric acid-doped polyaniline could be changed from one-dimensional nanoneedles or nanowires with a network structure (50–100 nm in diameter) to three-dimensional hollow microspheres (ca 400 nm in outer diameter) via combining interfacial polymerization and self-assembly process. RESULTS These different nanostructures of PANI were proved using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies. A plausible mechanism of the formation of the changeable nanostructures of PANI may be different from that of interfacial polymerization without surfactant or a traditional homogenous reaction system using CTAB as surfactant. CONCLUSION The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and the four-probe method showed that the molecular structure of PANI does not change with increasing CTAB concentration, but crystallinity and conductivity of PANI increase with surfactant concentration. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The burden of the digital environment: a systematic review on organization-directed workplace interventions to mitigate physician burnout

Abstract Objective To conduct a systematic review identifying workplace interventions that mitigate physician burnout related to the digital environment including health information technologies (eg, electronic health records) and decision support systems) with or without the application of advanced analytics for clinical care. Materials and Methods Literature published from January 1, 2007 to June 3, 2020 was systematically reviewed from multiple databases and hand searches. Subgroup analysis identified relevant physician burnout studies with interventions examining digital tool burden, related workflow inefficiencies, and measures of burnout, stress, or job satisfaction in all practice settings. Results The search strategy identified 4806 citations of which 81 met inclusion criteria. Thirty-eight studies reported interventions to decrease digital tool burden. Sixty-eight percent of these studies reported improvement in burnout and/or its proxy measures. Burnout was decreased by interventions that optimized technologies (primarily electronic health records), provided training, reduced documentation and task time, expanded the care team, and leveraged quality improvement processes in workflows. Discussion The contribution of digital tools to physician burnout can be mitigated by careful examination of usability, introducing technologies to save or optimize time, and applying quality improvement to workflows. Conclusion Physician burnout is not reduced by technology implementation but can be mitigated by technology and workflow optimization, training, team expansion, and careful consideration of factors affecting burnout, including specialty, practice setting, regulatory pressures, and how physicians spend their time.
Gut Commensal Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Fine-Tune T Follicular Regulatory Cells to Modify the Severity of Systemic Autoimmune Arthritis

Key Points SFB-mediated CTLA-4 reduction is associated with increased Tfr glycolytic activity. Reduced Nur77, an indicator of TCR signal strength, is linked to SFB-reduced CTLA-4. Nur77 deficiency causes an increased glycolysis and decreased CTLA-4 in Tfr cells. Visual Abstract Autoantibodies play a major pathogenic role in rheumatoid arthritis. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells promote germinal center B cell and Ab responses. Excessive Tfh cell responses lead to autoimmunity, and therefore, counterregulation is crucial. T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, mainly differentiated from T regulatory cells, can negatively regulate Tfh and germinal center B cells. Dysbiosis is involved in rheumatoid arthritis’s pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated that the gut microbiota, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), promote autoimmune arthritis by inducing Tfh cells. However, little is known regarding whether gut microbiota influence systemic (nongut) Tfr cells, impacting gut-distal autoimmunity. In this study, using SFB in autoimmune arthritic K/BxN mice, we demonstrated that SFB-induced arthritis is linked to the reduction of Tfr cells' CTLA-4, the key regulatory molecule of Tfr cells. This SFB-mediated CTLA-4 reduction is associated with increased Tfr glycolytic activity, and glycolytic inhibition increases Tfr cells' CTLA-4 levels and reduces arthritis. The surface expression of CTLA-4 is tied to TCR signaling strength, and we discovered that SFB-reduced CTLA-4 is associated with a reduction of Nur77, an indicator of TCR signaling strength. Nur77 is known for repressing glycolytic activity. Using a loss-of-function study, we demonstrated that Nur77+/− haplodeficiency increases glycolysis and reduces CTLA-4 on Tfr cells, which is associated with increased arthritis and anti–glucose-6-phosphate isomerase titers. Tfr-specific deletion (KRN.Foxp3CreBcl-6fl/fl) in autoimmune condition reveals that Tfr cells repress arthritis, Tfh cells, and autoantibody responses and that SFB can mitigate this repression. Overall, these findings demonstrated that gut microbiota distally impact systemic autoimmunity by fine-tuning Tfr cells.
Effect of chelating agents in phytoremediation of heavy metals

Chelate-assisted metal uptake by plants has only recently been discovered in the remediationindustry. The simultaneous accumulation of lead, arsenic, copper, and cadmium in plants afterapplication of chelating agents to soil is a promising technology enhancement for phytoremedi-ation. One of the most powerful and commonly used chelating agents is ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), which forms complexes with many of the metal contaminants within the nat-ural environment. This study was conducted to determine the efﬁciency of an emergent wetlandplant species Typha sp. and ﬂoating wetland macrophytes such as Pistia sp. , Azolla sp. , Lemnasp. ,Salvinia sp. , andEichhornia sp. in phytoremediation of various heavy metals with addition ofa chelating agent such as EDTA. EDTA addition to the treatment systems increased the uptake ofheavy metals by plants, which was much pronounced with lead and copper. However, the patternof uptake by plants was similar as that of heavy metals without EDTA amendments.
Prediction and mechanistic analysis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) based on chemical structure

Background Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major safety concern characterized by a complex and diverse pathogenesis. In order to identify DILI early in drug development, a better understanding of the injury and models with better predictivity are urgently needed. One approach in this regard are in silico models which aim at predicting the risk of DILI based on the compound structure. However, these models do not yet show sufficient predictive performance or interpretability to be useful for decision making by themselves, the former partially stemming from the underlying problem of labeling the in vivo DILI risk of compounds in a meaningful way for generating machine learning models. Results As part of the Critical Assessment of Massive Data Analysis (CAMDA) “CMap Drug Safety Challenge” 2019 ( http://camda2019.bioinf.jku.at ), chemical structure-based models were generated using the binarized DILIrank annotations. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers showed comparable performance to previously published models with a mean balanced accuracy over models generated using 5-fold LOCO-CV inside a 10-fold training scheme of 0.759 ± 0.027 when predicting an external test set. In the models which used predicted protein targets as compound descriptors, we identified the most information-rich proteins which agreed with the mechanisms of action and toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), one of the most important drug classes causing DILI, stress response via TP53 and biotransformation. In addition, we identified multiple proteins involved in xenobiotic metabolism which could be novel DILI-related off-targets, such as CLK1 and DYRK2. Moreover, we derived potential structural alerts for DILI with high precision, including furan and hydrazine derivatives; however, all derived alerts were present in approved drugs and were over specific indicating the need to consider quantitative variables such as dose. Conclusion Using chemical structure-based descriptors such as structural fingerprints and predicted protein targets, DILI prediction models were built with a predictive performance comparable to previous literature. In addition, we derived insights on proteins and pathways statistically (and potentially causally) linked to DILI from these models and inferred new structural alerts related to this adverse endpoint.
The extensibility of the plantar fascia influences the windlass mechanism during human running

The arch of the human foot is unique among hominins as it is compliant at ground contact but sufficiently stiff to enable push-off. These behaviours are partly facilitated by the ligamentous plantar fascia whose role is central to two mechanisms. The ideal windlass mechanism assumes that the plantar fascia has a nearly constant length to directly couple toe dorsiflexion with a change in arch shape. However, the plantar fascia also stretches and then shortens throughout gait as the arch-spring stores and releases elastic energy. We aimed to understand how the extensible plantar fascia could behave as an ideal windlass when it has been shown to strain throughout gait, potentially compromising the one-to-one coupling between toe arc length and arch length. We measured foot bone motion and plantar fascia elongation using high-speed X-ray during running. We discovered that toe plantarflexion delays plantar fascia stretching at foot strike, which probably modifies the distribution of the load through other arch tissues. Through a pure windlass effect in propulsion, a quasi-isometric plantar fascia's shortening is delayed to later in stance. The plantar fascia then shortens concurrently to the windlass mechanism, likely enhancing arch recoil at push-off.
Corrosion Resistance Evaluation of a Stainless-Steel Brazed Joint in HCl Solution

To clarify the effect of the acid solution type on corrosion resistance, the corrosion behavior of stainless steel brazed joints in HCl aqueous solution was evaluated through electrochemical measurements. Anodic polarization curves of a ferritic stainless-steel base metal, Ni-based brazing filler metals, and a brazed joint were recorded. In addition, in situ observations were conducted to observe the corrosion behavior of each structure of the brazed joint. Corrosion potentials of the brazing filler metal were lower than that of the base metal. In situ observations of the brazed joint revealed the order of corrosion in aqueous hydrochloric acid. According to the electrochemical measurements, under an actual corrosive environment, the brazing filler metal can function as an anode and selectively corrode. In addition, the anodic polarization curve of the brazed joint showed values between those of the polarization curves of the brazing filler metal and the base metal, indicating that the corrosion resistance could be electrochemically evaluated in HCl aqueous solution.
Mobile payment: classic approaches to promote consumer adoption

The development and diffusion of smartphones has led to many new trends, among them a new payment solution in the form of mobile payment. This paper places its focus on factors influencing consumer adoption of mobile payment. The basis for this is often the technology acceptance model and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Several factors including perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, performance expectancy and social influence were found to influence primary adoption while a compelling user experience, usability and enjoyment were found to be a main driver of long-term usage.
Chat-type Manzai application: mobile daily comedy presentations based on automatically generated manzai scenarios

We have proposed and demonstrate Manzai robots that automatically generate Manzai scenarios. Manzai is a Japanese traditional comedy consisting of two comedians with funny dialogues like stand up comedy. Our Manzai robots are a huge system, but it is not easy for users to watch Manzai every day using our Manzai robots. As described herein, we propose a mobile style of presenting our automatically generated Manzai anytime and anywhere using a web application. We designate the application as a Chat-type Manzai Application. The Chat-type Manzai Application is intended to make people healthier by laughing as they relax and watch the Manzai. However, the Chat-type Manzai Application loses direction. Therefore, we propose a new dialogue component: the Name list component. We used experiments of three types to measure the benefits of our proposed application and component.
TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME IN PATIENTS YOUNGER THAN 21 YEARS OF AGE, UNITED STATES, 2006-2018.

We examined the incidence of toxic shock syndrome in the United States during 2006-2018 among persons <21 years old with commercial or Medicaid-insurance using administrative data. There were 1008 commercially-insured and 481 Medicaid-insured toxic shock syndrome cases. The annual rate was 1 per 100,000 and stable over time. Rates were even lower in children <5 years old and stable over time.
Association of Chronic Opisthorchis Infestation and Microbiota Alteration on Tumorigenesis in Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a common hepatobiliary cancer in East and Southeast Asia. The data of microbiota contribution in CCA are still unclear. Current available reports have demonstrated that an Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection leads to dysbiosis in the bile duct. An increase in the commensal bacteria Helicobacter spp. in OV-infected CCA patients is associated with bile duct inflammation, severity of bile duct fibrosis, and cholangiocyte proliferation. In addition, secondary bile acids, major microbial metabolites, can mediate cholangiocyte inflammation and proliferation in the liver. A range of samples from CCA patients (stool, bile, and tumor) showed different degrees of dysbiosis. The evidence from these samples suggests that OV infection is associated with alterations in microbiota and could potentially have a role in CCA. In this comprehensive review, reports from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that demonstrate possible links between OV infection, microbiota, and CCA pathogenesis are summarized and discussed. Understanding these associations may pave ways for novel potential adjunct intervention in gut microbiota in CCA patients.
Performance of 14Cr ODS-FeCrAl Cladding Tube for Accident Tolerant Fuel

In the framework of Accident tolerant fuel (ATF) program, several types of claddings and pellets with enhanced accident tolerance have been developed for light water reactors. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) FeCrAl alloys have been considered as a promising candidate for cladding materials due to their good mechanical strength, excellent structural stability and chemical durability at high temperature. The out-of-pile performance of 14Cr ODS-FeCrAl cladding tube fabricated by cold-rolling, such as microstructure, thermophysical property, mechanical property, and corrosion resistance, has been examined and discussed. The results confirm that iron-based ODS alloy is one of the promising candidates to be used as ATF cladding. It could also aid in the supplement of property database of ODS-FeCrAl for future use in nuclear cladding and structural applications in next generation nuclear systems.
Effect of Fibers Orientation on the Fracture of Polymer Concrete Based on Quartz, Polyester and Jute Fabrics

The main objective of this work is to highlight the influence of jute woven layer orientation on fracture parameters (energy release rate and stress intensity factor) of a polymer concrete laminate. The use of plant fibers, jute in this study, as reinforcements outside the polymer concrete, acquires mechanical properties, traction, and flexion, more than appreciable, however, other characteristics must be studied to ensure better integration on the market. The addition of plant fibers with different orientations is not without consequences on the mechanical behavior, in this case, on the resistance to cracking and its propagation. Fibered concretes have a very different behavior compared to non-fiber concretes, especially after the first cracking, where the fibers make their contribution by trying to stop the evolution and the propagation of micro-cracks within the matrix by making the concrete more ductile.
Linking textual and contextual features for intelligent cyberbullying detection in social media

The rapid and vast adoption of social media and the 21st century technologies is changing the bullying process. , i.e., deliberate misuse of power in relationships through social behavior that intends to cause social and psychological harm. In this context, Cyberbullying can be defined as the process of using technology to hurt someone else by sending hurtful messages, pictures, or comments. A successful Cyberbullying detection technique requires an effective combination of big data (generated from social, open, and private data islands), features, and algorithms. While many Cyberbullying detection techniques exist for working with machine learning data and algorithms, support for thinking of new features (to be extracted from images, images' metadata, and textual information generated around images) remains poor. In this paper, we present an intelligent Cyberbullying detection pipeline to: (i) extract features (from an image, image meta-data and textual content generate); (ii) contextualize the extracted features by developing a crowdsourced feedback loop and drawing on human knowledge; and (iii) combining features using a Neural Network to identify and build potentially useful features. We adopt a typical scenario for analyzing social media content generated on Instagram and Twitter to identify Cyberbullying activities. We discuss how the proposed approach significantly improves the quality of extracted knowledge compared to classical natural language analysis techniques.