Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Interrelation of Language Learning Strategies and English Proficiency among Medical Students

This study investigated language learning strategies used by medical students and its relation to students’ English proficiency. The study was conducted at Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan, the participant involved in this study were 74 medical students from three different departments; physiotherapy, midwifery, and pharmacy. The language learning strategies data were obtained from the Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), while the English proficiency level was obtained from the students’ EPT scores. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS – descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation. The findings revealed that the participants frequently used strategies were memory strategies by the mean of 3.11, followed by metacognitive strategies at 3.06, cognitive strategies at 2.97, social strategies at 2.95, compensation strategies at 2.94, and affective strategies at 2.91. Meanwhile, the Pearson Correlation or ŕ value was . 054 ≤ 0.05, and the sig. (2 tailed) value was . 064 ≥ 0.05. It can be concluded that there was no interrelation between the use of language learning strategies and students’ English proficiency. Therefore, students’ English proficiency does not affect language learning strategies preference. The findings of this current study might be useful as input for English teachers and learners to build an effective classroom environment.
Higgs-Dilaton Cosmology: an effective field theory approach

The Higgs-dilaton cosmological model is able to describe simultaneously an inflationary expansion in the early Universe and a dark energy dominated stage responsible for the present day acceleration. It also leads to a nontrivial relation between the spectral tilt of scalar perturbations n(s) and the dark energy equation of state omega. We study the self-consistency of this model from an effective field theory point of view. Taking into account the influence of the dynamical background fields, we determine the effective cutoff of the theory, which turns out to be parametrically larger than all the relevant energy scales from inflation to the present epoch. We finally formulate the set of assumptions needed to estimate the amplitude of the quantum corrections in a systematic way and show that the connection between n(s) and omega remains unaltered if these assumptions are satisfied.
Initial-state geometry and the role of hydrodynamics in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and deuteron-nucleus collisions

We apply the successful Monte Carlo Glauber and IP-Glasma initial state models of heavy ion collisions to the much smaller size systems produced in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and deuteron- nucleus collisions. We observe a significantly greater sensitivity of the initial state geometry to details of multi-particle production in these models compared to nucleus-nucleus collisions. In particular, we find that the size of the system produced in p+A collisions is very similar to the one produced in p+p collisions, and predict comparable Hanbury-Brown-Twiss radii in the absence of flow in both systems. Differences in the eccentricities computed in the models are large, while differences amongst the generated flow coefficients v_2 and v_3 are smaller. For a large number of participants in proton-lead collisions, the v_2 generated in the IP-Glasma model is comparable to the value obtained in proton-proton collisions. Viscous corrections to flow are large over characteristic lifetimes in the smaller size systems. In contrast, viscous contributions are significantly diminished over the longer space-time evolution of a heavy ion collision.
A Practical Method for Short-term Earthquake Prediction Using Multiple High-frequency Tremor Events

The substantial damage induced by major earthquakes requires the preparation of prevention methods before serious shocks occur. For a half-century, researchers have tried to develop an efficient method for earthquake prediction using modern scientific methods without practical results except for two rare successes; as a result, the general evaluation is pessimistic. Among many phenomena, seismic activity has been the approach most often investigated. Particularly, foreshocks seem to offer the most potential. However, foreshocks are found to precede only a small fraction of major earthquakes and provide precursor parameters with too many kinds of diversity. We need to find another seismic or similar phenomenon in the nucleation period with characteristics expected for foreshocks, i.e., a stable rate of occurrence and extremely large anomalies immediately before major earthquakes [1,2]. Here we make a special seismic catalog of high frequency tremors deduced anew from continuous seismic data of just before major earthquakes using the extensive network, High-net of Japan. Analyses of catalog of three major and one little bit smaller earthquakes show that there are three successive precursory phenomena, first at some six weeks, second at some four weeks, and finally immediately before the earthquake. These results can provide evidence to predict major earthquakes without high rate of diversity among threshold parameters; i.e., the selected threshold values for distinguishing precursor candidates are quite stable. Each precursory activity provides the three items of prediction, namely, occurrence time, epicenter and magnitude, with sufficient accuracy for practical disaster prevention efforts. The positive results will contribute to developing practical prediction methods to be used for the mitigation of serious earthquake disasters. The proposed system is now in the level of POC, and expected to start in Japan without large difficulties because of sufficient level of observation network and storage of past data of some twenty years.
Pure annihilation type D → PP(V) decays in the perturbative QCD approach

The annihilation type diagrams are difficult to calculate in any kind of model or method. Encouraged by the successful calculation of pure annihilation type B decays in the perturbative QCD factorization approach, we calculate the pure annihilation type D -> PP(V) decays in the perturbative QCD approach based on the k(T) factorization. Although the expansion parameter 1/m(D) is not very small, our leading order numerical results agree with the existing experimental data for most channels. We expect more accurate observation from experiments, which can help us learn about the dynamics of D meson weak decays.
Experimental and Kinetic Study of the Effect of using Zr- and Pt-loaded Metals on Y-zeolite-based Catalyst to Improve the Products of n-heptane Hydroisomerization Reactions

The escalating cost of Pt metal has prompted researchers to incorporate other metals into Pt/catalysts to reduce the amount of Pt. In this work, several bimetallic Pt-Zr/HY-zeolite catalysts were prepared by incorporating small amounts of the inexpensive Zr into the Pt/HY-zeolite to form an active and selective catalyst. Results showed that although half of the required platinum metal was used, the catalytic activity of the prepared Pt-Zr/HY bimetallic catalyst was higher than that of the monometallic (Pt or Zr)/HY catalysts, as a result of the improved Lewis acidity of that catalyst that resulted from the addition of the Zr metal; additionally, the branched alkanes' yield also increased. The optimum catalyst was bimetallic, containing 0.5 wt% Pt + 0.5 wt% Zr, which achieved the highest yield of isomers at 70.2 mol%, along with 82.61 and 84.98 mol% for conversion and selectivity, respectively, under 1 MPa and 250°C reaction conditions. In addition, the hydroisomerization reaction kinetic model was achieved, giving good predicted results in agreement with the experimental calculations, with an acceptable relative error. It was found that lower activation energies (about 44.5 kJ/mol) were needed for olefin hydrogenation to iso-paraffins, while higher activation energies were required for i-paraffin hydrocracking (about 138.1kJ/mol).
Circadian clock regulates developmental time through ecdysone and juvenile hormones in Bombyx mori

The circadian clock plays an integral role in hormone biosynthesis and secretion. However, how the circadian clock precisely coordinates hormonal homeostasis to maintain normal animal development remains unclear. Here, we show that knocking out the core clock gene Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) significantly delays the developmental time in Bombyx mori. This study focuses on the ecdysone and juvenile hormone signalling pathways of fifth instar larvae with the longest developmental time delay. We found that the mutant reduced prothoracicotropic hormone synthesis in the brain, and could not produce sufficient ecdysone in the prothoracic gland, resulting in a delayed peak of 20‐hydroxyecdysone titre in the hemolymph of fifth instar larvae, prolonging developmental time. Moreover, further investigation revealed that the mutant enhanced juvenile hormone biosynthesis and signalling pathway and that this higher juvenile hormone titre also resulted in prolonged developmental time in fifth instar larvae. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the circadian clock regulates animal development by maintaining hormonal homeostasis.
Novel Surgical Technique for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Surgery

Despite advancements in instruments and surgical techniques for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery, conventional open scoliosis surgery (COSS) is usually required to achieve satisfactory deformity correction using various distinct surgical techniques, such as rod derotation, direct vertebral rotation, facetectomies, osteotomies, and decortication of the laminae. However, COSS is accompanied by significant blood loss and requires a large midline skin incision. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has evolved enormously in various fields of spinal surgery, including degenerative spinal diseases. MIS of the spine has some advantages over conventional surgery, such as a smaller incision, less blood loss and postoperative pain, and lower infection rates. Since the introduction of MIS for AIS in 2011, MIS has been reported to have comparable outcomes, including correction rate with some usual advantages of MIS. However, several complications, such as dislodgement of rods, wound infection, and hypertrophic scar formation, have also been reported in the initial stages of MIS for AIS. We devised a novel approach, called the coin-hole technique or minimally invasive scoliosis surgery (MISS), to minimize these complications. This article aimed to introduce a novel surgical technique for AIS and provide a preliminary analysis and up-to-date information regarding MISS.
CHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF POPULATION III STARS TO COSMIC REIONIZATION

Recent studies have highlighted that galaxies at z = 6–8 fall short of producing enough ionizing photons to reionize the intergalactic medium, and suggest that Population III stars could resolve this tension, because their harder spectra can produce ∼10 × more ionizing photons than Population II. We use a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, which tracks galactic chemical evolution, to gauge the impact of Population III stars on reionization. Population III supernovae produce distinct metal abundances, and we argue that the duration of the Population III era can be constrained by precise relative abundance measurements in high-z damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs), which provide a chemical record of past star formation. We find that a single generation of Population III stars can self-enrich galaxies above the critical metallicity Zcrit = 10−4 Z☉ for the Population III-to-II transition, on a very short timescale tself-enrich ∼ 106 yr, owing to the large metal yields and short lifetimes of Population III stars. This subsequently terminates the Population III era, so they contribute ≳ 50% of the ionizing photons only for z ≳ 30, and at z = 10 contribute <1%. The Population III contribution can be increased by delaying metal mixing into the interstellar medium. However, comparing the resulting metal abundance pattern to existing measurements in z ≲ 6 DLAs, we show that the observed [O/Si] ratios of absorbers rule out Population III stars being a major contributor to reionization. Future abundance measurements of z ∼ 7–8 QSOs and gamma-ray bursts should probe the era when the chemical vestiges of Population III star formation become detectable.
Ultrasensitive microwave spectroscopy of paramagnetic impurities in sapphire crystals at millikelvin temperatures

Progress in the emerging field of engineered quantum systems requires the development of devices that can act as quantum memories. The realization of such devices by doping solid-state cavities with paramagnetic ions imposes a tradeoff between ion concentration and cavity coherence time. Here, we investigate an alternative approach involving interactions between photons and naturally occurring impurity ions in ultrapure crystalline microwave cavities exhibiting exceptionally high quality factors. We implement a hybrid whispering gallery/electron spin resonance method to perform rigorous spectroscopy of an undoped single-crystal sapphire resonator over the frequency range 8‐19 GHz, and at external applied DC magnetic fields up to 0.9 T. Measurements of high-purity sapphire cooled close to 100 mK reveal the presence of Fe 3+ ,C r 3+ ,a nd V 2+ impurities. A host of electron transitions are measured and identified, including the two-photon classically forbidden quadrupole transition (�m s = 2) for Fe 3+ , as well as hyperfine transitions of V 2+ .
PHOTOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE REDSHIFT OF z ∼ 10 CANDIDATE UDFj-39546284 FROM DEEPER WFC3/IR+ACS+IRAC OBSERVATIONS OVER THE HUDF

Ultra-deep WFC3/IR observations on the HUDF from the HUDF09 program revealed just one plausible z ∼ 10 candidate, UDFj-39546284. UDFj-39546284 had all the properties expected of a galaxy at z ∼ 10 showing (1) no detection in the deep ACS+WFC3 imaging data blueward of the F160W band, exhibiting (2) a blue spectral slope redward of the break, and showing (3) no prominent detection in deep IRAC observations. The new, similarly deep WFC3/IR HUDF12 F160W observations over the HUDF09/XDF allow us to further assess this candidate. These observations show that this candidate, previously only detected at ∼5. 9σ in a single band, clearly corresponds to a real source. It is detected at ∼5. 3σ in the new H160-band data and at ∼7. 8σ in the full 85-orbit H160-band stack. Interestingly, the non-detection of the source (<1σ) in the new F140W observations suggests a higher redshift. Formally, the best-fit redshift of the source utilizing all the WFC3+ACS (and IRAC+Ks-band) observations is 11.8 ± 0.3. However, we consider the z ∼ 12 interpretation somewhat unlikely, since the source would either need to be ∼20× more luminous than expected or show very high-EW Lyα emission (which seems improbable given the extensive neutral gas prevalent early in the reionization epoch). Lower-redshift solutions fail if only continuum models are allowed. Plausible lower-redshift solutions require that the H160-band flux be dominated by line emission such as Hα or [O iii] with extreme EWs. The tentative detection of line emission at 1.6 μm in UDFj-39546284 in a companion paper suggests that such emission may have already been found.
Objective Assessment of Wrinkled Fabrics by Optical and Digital Image Processing

We propose two methods of fabric surface imaging and processing so that the information of wrinkles can be extracted and evaluated. In the first method, we consider fringe projection and Fourier transform profilometry. In the second method we consider two images of the same sample obtained under different lateral illumination and apply a joint edge detector to integrate the information about wrinkles from both of them. The smoothed perception of wrinkles with distance and its influence in the evaluation of the fabric appearance is also studied.
Maximin surfaces, and the strong subadditivity of the covariant holographic entanglement entropy

The covariant holographic entropy conjecture of AdS/CFT relates the entropy of a boundary region R to the area of an extremal surface in the bulk spacetime. This extremal surface can be obtained by a maximin construction, allowing many new results to be proven. On manifolds obeying the null curvature condition, these extremal surfaces: (i) always lie outside the causal wedge of R, (ii) have less area than the bifurcation surface of the causal wedge, (iii) move away from the boundary as R grows, and (iv) obey strong subadditivity and monogamy of mutual information. These results suggest that the information in R allows the bulk to be reconstructed all the way up to the extremal area surface. The maximin surfaces are shown to exist on spacetimes without horizons, and on black hole spacetimes with Kasner-like singularities.
Evaluation of the Impact of Dentoalveolar Trauma Management Training Course on Physicians and Dentists' Education in Multiple Hospitals in Mashhad, Iran

Background: Dental trauma injuries are the second most common traumatic injuries among children and adolescents. An incorrect diagnosis or a delayed treatment of traumatic injuries may lead to irreparable damages. Thus, proper management provided by physicians and dentists is crucial for patients affected by these injuries.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dentoalveolar trauma management training on improving physicians' and dentists’ knowledge in different emergency wards in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: In this educational interventional study, a total number of 60 residents and interns selected from the following categories: maxillofacial surgery residents, emergency medicine residents, ear-nose-throat (ENT) residents, and medical interns were included, who were randomly selected. We gathered information using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Afterward, we provided the participants with booklets about dental traumas. By passing one month, the above-mentioned questionnaire was used to re-evaluate the target groups’ knowledge. The results were statistically analyzed using Chi-square, One-way ANOVA and paired sample T-test with statistically significant differences defined for p < 0.05. Results: Prior to the training, the interns had the lowest knowledge, while the maxillofacial surgery residents had the highest level of knowledge in comparison to interns, ENT residents, and emergency medicine residents, respectively (p < 0.001). After completing the course, the maxillofacial surgery residents once again represented the highest knowledge, followed by emergency medicine residents, ENT residents, and medical interns, respectively. A statistically significant difference was noticed in pre- and post-course knowledge evaluation. Conclusion: A comparison of the results before and after the training course demonstrates a significant lack of knowledge on dentoalveolar traumas among physicians and also reveals that providing this education is necessary because it significantly increases their knowledge in this regard.
What Do Underrepresented in Medicine Junior Family Medicine Faculty Value From a Faculty Development Experience?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While there is increased attention to underrepresented in medicine (URiM) faculty and students, little is known about what they value in faculty development experiences. METHODS We performed a URiM-focused, 3-day family medicine faculty development program and then collected program evaluation forms. The program evaluations had open-ended questions and a reflection on the activity. We used inductive open coding using NVivo software. We analyzed open-ended responses and reflections, and identified themes. RESULTS Seven participants provided reflections on the workshop and responses to the evaluation forms. Analysis revealed four major themes in the learners' responses and reflections: (1) personalizing learning, (2) impacting career trajectories, (3) clarifying the writing process, and (4) creating a safe place, with frequencies of 28.2%, 26.7%, 23.6%, and 20.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although this faculty development experience was designed to teach writing skills to URiM junior faculty, their collective responses indicate that they found value beyond the skills taught and appreciated the approach taken in this activity.
Fusion tilings with infinite local complexity

We propose a formalism for tilings with infinite local complexity (ILC), and especially fusion tilings with ILC. We allow an infinite variety of tile types but require that the space of possible tile types be compact. Examples include solenoids, pinwheel tilings, tilings with fault lines, and tilings with infinitely many tile sizes, shapes, or labels. Special attention is given to tilings where the infinite local complexity comes purely from geometry (shears) or comes purely from combinatorics (labels). We examine spectral properties of the invariant measures and define a new notion of complexity that applies to ILC tilings.
On the Progenitor System of Nova V2491 Cygni

Nova V2491 Cyg is one of just two detected pre-outburst in X-rays. The light curve of this nova exhibited a rare "re-brightening" which has been attributed by some as the system being a polar, whilst others claim that a magnetic WD is unlikely. By virtue of the nature of X-ray and spectroscopic observations the system has been proposed as a recurrent nova, however the adoption of a 0.1 day orbital period is generally seen as incompatible with such a system. In this research note we address the nature of the progenitor system and the source of the 0.1 day periodicity. Through the combination of Liverpool Telescope observations with published data and archival 2MASS data we show that V2491 Cyg, at a distance of 10.5 - 14 kpc, is likely to be a recurrent nova of the U Sco-class; containing a sub-giant secondary and an accretion disk, rather than accretion directly onto the poles. We show that there is little evidence, at quiescence, supporting a ~ 0.1 day periodicity, the variation seen at this stage is likely caused by flickering of a re-established accretion disk. We propose that the periodicity seen shortly after outburst is more likely related to the outburst rather than the - then obscured - binary system. Finally we address the distance to the system, and show that a significantly lower distance (~ 2 kpc) would result in a severely under-luminous outburst, and as such favour the larger distance and the recurrent nova scenario.
Global Geometry of Magnetospheric Currents Inferred From MHD Simulations

This paper discusses the global geometry of magnetospheric current systems as determined by a global MHD code simulating the magnetosphere for four elemental settings of the interplanetary magnetic field: 1. zero field strength (giving the Chapman-Ferraro and tail current systems); 2. straight north (giving the NBZ current system); 3, straight south (giving the region 1 current system); and 4. straight dawn to dusk (giving the cusp-mantle current system). The Chapman-Ferraro and tail current systems have the topologies usually ascribed to them, but the MHD simulation reveals that they overlap across a significant area of the magnetopause. The NBZ current system closes in the distant magnetotail. The region 1 current system closes across the high-latitude magnetopause. The cusp-mantle current system threads most of the magnetosphere. It spirals earthward around the south magnetotail lobe until it reaches the magnetosphere proper where it catapults over the South Pole to descend into the ionosphere along the polar border of the dayside polar cusp where it becomes the mantle part of the cusp-mantle system. Once in the ionosphere, it jogs a little north then lifts off again along the equatorward border of the cusp as the cusp part of the cusp-mantle system. From there, it follows magnetic field lines in a dipolar arch to the equatorial magnetopause beyond which it mirrors its southern career in the northern hemisphere. The cusp-mantle current system joins smoothly and continuously onto the region 1 current system. They appear to form a single system.