Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The asymptotic behavior and self-similar solutions for disperse systems with coagulation and fragmentation

The paper analyzes the asymptotic behavior of disperse systems with coagulation and fragmentation of particles. The possible types of self-similarity regimes have been analyzed and conditions required for their existence have been set. The generalized approximation method (GA-method) numerical simulation is used to determine the actual behavior of moments Lα(t). The examples of GA-method application show its suitability for use in research problems. In general, the obtained results show that binary breakage coagulation is a wide and non-trivial scope for investigation. A number of regimes are represented such as steady state, coagulation winning, gelation, collapsing self-similarity and spectrum singularity. The existence of collapsing (accumulating in zero) self-similar spectra is illustrated in terms of a particular example of the coagulation kernel K(g, n) = gn and breakage rate f(g, n) = a.
On Automorphisms of Moduli Spaces of Parabolic Vector Bundles

Fix $n\geq 5$ general points $p_1, \dots , p_n\in{\mathbb{P}}^1$ and a weight vector ${\mathcal{A}} = (a_{1}, \dots , a_{n})$ of real numbers $0 \leq a_{i} \leq 1$. Consider the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_{{\mathcal{A}}}$ parametrizing rank two parabolic vector bundles with trivial determinant on $\big ({\mathbb{P}}^1, p_1,\dots , p_n\big )$ that are semistable with respect to ${\mathcal{A}}$. Under some conditions on the weights, we determine and give a modular interpretation for the automorphism group of the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_{{\mathcal{A}}}$. It is isomorphic to $\left (\frac{\mathbb{Z}}{2\mathbb{Z}}\right )^{k}$ for some $k\in \{0,\dots , n-1\}$ and is generated by admissible elementary transformations of parabolic vector bundles. The largest of these automorphism groups, with $k=n-1$, occurs for the central weight ${\mathcal{A}}_{F}= \left (\frac{1}{2},\dots ,\frac{1}{2}\right )$. The corresponding moduli space ${\mathcal M}_{{\mathcal{A}}_F}$ is a Fano variety of dimension $n-3$, which is smooth if $n$ is odd, and has isolated singularities if $n$ is even.
Identification of multivariable errors in variable models with dynamics

This note considers the task of identifying a causal, linear, dynamic, multivariable system excited by stationary, zero-mean noise of unknown spectrum, and given measurements of the system inputs and outputs contaminated by independent, additive noise also of unknown spectra. Although the solution is in general not unique, finite-dimensional parameterizations of the solution set are given, even though the various spectra may not be rational.
Sound generation and air entrainment by breaking waves in the surf zone

This paper presents the results of acoustic and optical measurements of individual breaking waves in the surf zone. Two hydrophones, horizontally separated and deployed in 2 m of water off La Jolla Shores beach, California, were used to measure the source spectrum of breaking surf, and characterize propagation through the surf zone over length scales of order 10 m. The acoustic data show an acoustically active region within a wave which propagates shoreward. The production of sound within the active region is associated with the formation of bubble plumes. Above 500 Hz, the sound is consistent with the radiation from individual bubble oscillations. Pictures were taken of the bubble plumes formed beneath the breaking surf, providing estimates of the plume size, and bubble size distribution and void fraction within a plume. The density of bubbles scales as a−2.5 for a 1 mm, where a is bubble radius, and total void fractions of 0.3–0.4 were measured. Theoretical calculations show that ra.
Slow light in photonic crystal waveguides

The physical principles behind the phenomenon of slow light in photonic crystal waveguides, as well as their practical limitations, are discussed and put into context. This includes the nature of slow light propagation, its bandwidth limitation, the scaling of linear and nonlinear interactions with the slowdown factor as well as issues such as losses, coupling into and the tuning of slow modes. Applications in all-optical signal processing appear to be the most promising outcome of the phenomena discussed.
Bounds for the multiplicity of Gorenstein algebras

We prove upper bounds for the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of standard graded Gorenstein algebras. The main tool that we use is Boij-S\"oderberg theory to obtain a decomposition of the Betti table of a Gorenstein algebra as the sum of rational multiples of symmetrized pure tables. Our bound agrees with the one in the quasi-pure case obtained by Srinivasan [J. Algebra, vol.~208, no.~2, (1998)].
Electron Momentum Spectroscopy

For sufficiently high electron energies (greater than a few hundred eV) and sufficiently low recoil momenta Oess than a few atomic units) the differential cross section for the non-coplanar symmetric (e,2e) reaction on an atom or molecule depends on the target and ion structure only through the target-ion overlap. Experimental criteria for the energy and momentum are that the apparent structure information does not change when the energy and momentum are varied. The plane-wave impulse approximation is a sufficient description of the reaction mechanism for determining spherically averaged squares of momentum-space orbitals for atoms and molecules and for coefficients describing initial- and final-state correlations. For mainly uncorrelated initial states, spectroscopic factors for final states belonging to the same manifold are uniquely determined. For molecules, summed spectroscopic factors can be compared for different ion manifolds. For atoms, summed spectroscopic factors and higher-momentum profiles require the dist~rted-wave impulse approximation.
Scaling exponents for energy transport and dissipation in binary vibro-fluidized granular beds

A binary three-dimensional highly fluidized vibrated granular bed has been investigated for the first time using positron emission particle tracking. Packing fraction distributions and granular temperature profiles are calculated for each species and the response to changes in the amplitude of vibration and the number of grains are determined. It is found that the binary system, though supporting two separate granular temperature profiles, responds to changes in vibration velocity in a broadly similar fashion to a monosized granular bed. This assessment is supported by an analysis of the steady-state energy input/dissipation rate balance equation, which contains terms describing the collisional dissipation between like and unlike grains. However, this theory also suggests that if one fraction dominates over another then the two phases could show different scaling relationships between the granular temperature of each phase and the base peak velocity.
An Assessment of Suitability of a SIMPLE VOF/PLIC-CSF Multiphase Flow Model for Rising Bubble Dynamics

AV olume of Fluid (VOF) - Youngs’ model for the solution of an incompressible immiscible two-phase flows is presented. The solver computes the flow field by solving the family of Navier Stokes equations on a fixed (Eulerian) Staggered Cartesian grid using the Finite Volume formulation of Semi-Implicit Pressure Linked Equation (SIMPLE) method and tracks the position of interface between two fluids with different fluid properties by Piecewise Linear Interface Construction (PLIC) Method. The suitability of the SIMPLE type implementation is assessed by investigating the dynamics of free rising bubbles for different fluid properties and flow parameters. The results obtained with the present numerical method for rising bubbles in viscous liquids are compared with reported numerical and experimental results.
Approximating class approach for empirical processes of dependent sequences indexed by functions

We study weak convergence of empirical processes of dependent data $(X_i)_{i\geq 0}$, indexed by classes of functions. Our results are especially suitable for data arising from dynamical systems and Markov chains, where the central limit theorem for partial sums of observables is commonly derived via the spectral gap technique. We are specifically interested in situations where the index class $\F$ is different from the class of functions $f$ for which we have good properties of the observables $(f(X_i))_{i\geq 0}$. We introduce a new bracketing number to measure the size of the index class $\F$ which fits this setting. Our results apply to the empirical process of data $(X_i)_{i\geq 0}$ satisfying a multiple mixing condition. This includes dynamical systems and Markov chains, if the Perron-Frobenius operator or the Markov operator has a spectral gap, but also extends beyond this class, e.g.\ to ergodic torus automorphisms.
A characterization of ideal polyhedra in hyperbolic $3$-space

The goals of this paper are to provide a characterization of dihedral angles of convex ideal (those with all vertices on the sphere at infinity) polyhedra in H3, and also of those convex polyhedra with some vertices on the sphere at infinity and some in the finite part of H3. These characterizations are given in, respectively, Theorems 0.1 and 10.5. The first theorem is proved in detail, while the proof of the second (which is similar) is only outlined. The results of this paper grow out of the general framework of the author's doctoral dissertation [13], as published in [20]. A lot of the language, and some of the auxilary results come from there as well, so familiarity with the latter reference is very helpful. The necessity of the conditions postulated in Theorem 0.1 has been shown in [14]; hence only the sufficiency direction will be shown in the current paper. In 1832, Jakob Steiner asked for a combinatorial characterization of convex polyhedra inscribed in the sphere. This was considered intractable it took almost a hundred years to find a single example of an "uninscribable" combinatorial type (by Steinitz [24]). However, Theorem 0.1 gives such a characterization. Section 11 is dedicated to a (very brief) historical survey and some purely graph-theoretic and computational-geometric consequences of Theorem 0.1. In order to state this theorem, suppose that a convex ideal polyhedron P in H3 is given. Let P* denote the Poincar' dual of P, and assign to each edge e* of P* a weight w(e*) equal to the exterior dihedral angle at the corresponding edge e of P. Then the following result holds:
Super-expanders and warped cones

For any Banach space $X$, we show that levels of the warped cone over an action of $\Gamma$ on $Y$ are expanders with respect to $X$ if and only if the induced $\Gamma$-representation on $L^2(Y;X)$ has a spectral gap. This gives new examples of graphs that are expanders with respect to all Banach spaces of non-trivial type.
Infrared Emission from Compact Groups of Galaxies

A search of the IRAS Point Source Catalog, Version 2 has revealed infrared sources within 1 arcmin of the optical centers of 54 galaxies in Hickson's catalog of compact groups of galaxies. The 60-micron luminosity function for these galaxies has the same shape as the luminosity function of the IRAS bright galaxy sample. The space density of IRAS galaxies in compact groups is 60 times smaller than the space density of IRAS bright galaxies, indicating that of order 1 percent of all bright IRAS galaxies are in compact groups. The infrared emission from these galaxies is compared with the emission from samples of isolated galaxies by Keel et al. (1985) and cluster galaxies studied by Bicay and Giovanelli (1987). The fractional distribution of the ratio of far-infrared to optical luminosity of compact group galaxies is significantly larger than that of the isolated galaxies and comparable to that of the cluster galaxies. These results indicate that infrared emission is enhanced in the compact group galaxies, probably because of interactions. 24 refs.
Numerical Study of Blowup in the Davey-Stewartson System

Nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations such as the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations can have solutions that blow-up. We numerically study the long time behavior and potential blowup of solutions to the focusing Davey-Stewartson II equation by analyzing perturbations of the lump and the Ozawa exact solutions. It is shown in this way that the lump is unstable to both blowup and dispersion, and that blowup in the Ozawa solution is generic.
Impact of ICON on the Adhesive Microleakage Underneath Orthodontic Bracket

-Objectives: The aims was to assess the changes in tooth orthodontic bracket interface micro-leakage after applying a caries resin penetrated to the sound enamel tooth surface. Materials and Methods: Sixty human maxillary first premolars were collected, randomly separation of the teeth into two groups. The experimental one (treated with ICON) was categorized in to three subgroups (n= 10 each) (ICON in distal water, ICON in cow milk, ICON in Coca cola) while control group was classified three subgroups (n=10) (control in distal water, control in cow milk, control in Coca Cola) incubation time persisted three weeks in total. Results: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) produced a significant difference between all experimental groups (ICON in distal water, ICON in milk, ICON in Coca Cola drink) and control subgroups (control in distal water, control in Cow milk, Control in Coca Cola).
Effects of training and development on the performance of employees of non-governmental organizations in the northern region of Ghana

The quality of an organization's human resources is indispensable to its success. This insight has inspired many organizations to focus on enhancing the quality of their employees in order to increase productivity and efficiency. Training and development is one way for accomplishing this. The significance of training and development can only be appreciated if the direct impact on employee performance is understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of training and development on the performance of employees of Non-Governmental Organisations in the Northern region of Ghana and to produce verifiable evidence of the impact of employee training on performance. The study comprised a sample size of 150 respondents who were selected using simple random sampling techniques. Data collection was done through closed-ended questionnaire administered to the respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the results were presented in tables. The study results found a significant relationship between training and development and employee performance, and that off-the-job training and development programs have mainly contributed to increasing performance and productivity of employees of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Northern region of Ghana. Furthermore, the study discovered that on-the-job training has little to no effect on employee performance. The study recommends that the leadership of Non-Governmental Organizations in Northern Ghana should establish off-the-job training models for their employees if they want to increase productivity and efficiency.
Estimating Extreme Quantiles of Weibull Tail Distributions

ABSTRACT We present a new estimator of extreme quantiles dedicated to Weibull tail distributions. This estimate is based on a consistent estimator of the Weibull tail coefficient. This parameter is defined as the regular variation coefficient of the inverse cumulative hazard function. We give conditions in order to obtain the weak consistency and the asymptotic distribution of the extreme quantiles estimator. Its asymptotic as well as its finite sample performances are compared to classical ones.
ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in North African Women: Results From a Twenty-year Experience

Background Coronary artery disease remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Several studies in developed countries have reported a gender-related difference in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in terms of risk factors, clinical presentation, delays in management, therapeutic modalities, and in-hospital as well as one-year outcomes. Data from non-developed countries about women with STEMI remain rare. We therefore aimed through this study to investigate the baseline characteristics of STEMI in Tunisian women compared to men and to determine the impact of gender difference on STEMI complications, in-hospital mortality, and one-year follow-up outcomes. Methods All patients presenting to our center for STEMI between January 2001 and January 2021 were retrospectively enrolled in this analysis. Clinical features, therapeutic management, and in-hospital as well as one-year outcomes were compared between women and men. Predictive factors of in-hospital mortality in women were determined. Results Out of 1670 STEMI hospitalizations, 359 (21.4%) were female. Compared to male, female had higher rates of hypertension (51.5% vs. 24.4%, p < 0.001), diabetes (50.1% vs. 32.2%, p < 0.001), and obesity (63.8% vs. 55%, p = 0.003). The clinical presentation was characterized by less prevalent inaugural chest pain (58.8% vs. 68.6%, p < 0.001). Atypical symptoms were significantly higher in women compared to men (55.2% vs. 5%, p<0.001). On admission, women had higher prevalence of anemia, renal failure, and hyperglycemia compared to men. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) was the reperfusion strategy of choice in 37.9% of women vs. 33.1% of men (p=0.02). Women were significantly less likely to receive thrombolysis (p = 0.004), with a significantly less prevalent successful thrombolysis (55.6% vs. 67.2%, p=0.013). In-hospital mortality was markedly higher in women compared to men (12.8% vs. 7.3%, p=0.001). Compared to surviving women (n = 313), those who died (n = 46) frequently had more diabetes and hypertension (65.2% vs. 47.9%, p= 0.02 and 67.4% vs. 49.2%, p = 0.02, respectively). New-onset atrial fibrillation, acute left heart failure, cardiogenic shock, ventricular tachycardia, and atrioventricular block markedly occurred in women who died (52.2% vs. 23.3%, p=<0.001; 17.4% vs. 1.9%, p < 0.001; 19.6% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.016; 15.2% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001 and 34.8% vs. 10.2%, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Compared to men, Tunisian women presenting for STEMI had higher prevalence of risk factors and atypical symptoms. Women had more in-hospital complications and mortality.
Total Domination Value in Graphs

A set $D \subseteq V(G)$ is a \emph{total dominating set} of $G$ if for every vertex $v \in V(G)$ there exists a vertex $u \in D$ such that $u$ and $v$ are adjacent. A total dominating set of $G$ of minimum cardinality is called a $\gamma_t(G)$-set. For each vertex $v \in V(G)$, we define the \emph{total domination value} of $v$, $TDV(v)$, to be the number of $\gamma_t(G)$-sets to which $v$belongs. This definition gives rise to \emph{a local study of total domination} in graphs. In this paper, we study some basic properties of the $TDV$ function; also, we derive explicit formulas for the $TDV$ of any complete n-partite graph, any cycle, and any path.
Electrical characterization of radio frequency sputtered hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide films

The electrical results of rf sputtered hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si1−xCx:H) films prepared under different sputtering conditions are presented. It was found that hopping and Poole–Frenkel effects are the conduction mechanisms for low and high applied fields, respectively. From the capacitance versus voltage measurements, the fixed charge density (Qf) and the interface trapped charge density (Dit) were found to be in the range of 5.5–6.81×1010 cm−2 and 5–13×1011 eV−1 cm−2, respectively. Dit decreases with either an increase in the total sputtering pressure, the partial hydrogen pressure, or the substrate temperature, but increases with an increase in the rf sputtering power. The decrease in Dit was found to be closely related to the increase in the number of silicon–hydrogen bonds.
A Quantitative Study of Software Reviews Using Content Analysis Methods

Online product reviews play a critical role for consumers to make a decision of product purchasing, and become an important data source for vendors to build recommendation systems. Some consumers won’t even buy a product without reading online reviews first, and some vendors invite reviewers to write product reviews before a product is released to the market. However, the review quality could greatly impact the use of the reviews for supporting the purchase decision and recommendation. In order to produce enough high-quality reviews, it is a common practice that vendors provide incentives for writing product reviews. Current research is divided. Some research showed that incentive reviews could be more biased compared to organic reviews, but other scholars showed incentive reviews contain more useful information. Furthermore, other academic publications showed very different results regarding the differences between the incentivized and organic reviews. One of the reasons explaining the observation differences could be due to the quality of the reviewers and reviews. Therefore, it is necessary to control the quality of the reviewers and their reviews for a more objective comparison. In this research, we first discuss an approach for ensuring the quality of the data collection and processing to ensure the quality of the comparison study. Then, we explore the differences between incentivized reviews and organic reviews collected from a website that provides reviews for enterprise software systems. Several parameters of the reviews, such as the overall score, sentiment, and subjectivity of the reviews, were analyzed and compared. Our results could provide a reference for appropriately using reviews and managing the reviewing process.
A Study of Network Intrusion Detection Systems Using Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning

The rapid growth of the Internet and communications has resulted in a huge increase in transmitted data. These data are coveted by attackers and they continuously create novel attacks to steal or corrupt these data. The growth of these attacks is an issue for the security of our systems and represents one of the biggest challenges for intrusion detection. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a tool that helps to detect intrusions by inspecting the network traffic. Although many researchers have studied and created new IDS solutions, IDS still needs improving in order to have good detection accuracy while reducing false alarm rates. In addition, many IDS struggle to detect zero-day attacks. Recently, machine learning algorithms have become popular with researchers to detect network intrusion in an efficient manner and with high accuracy. This paper presents the concept of IDS and provides a taxonomy of machine learning methods. The main metrics used to assess an IDS are presented and a review of recent IDS using machine learning is provided where the strengths and weaknesses of each solution is outlined. Then, details of the different datasets used in the studies are provided and the accuracy of the results from the reviewed work is discussed. Finally, observations, research challenges and future trends are discussed.