Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cetane improvement of middle distillates from Athabasca syncrudes by catalytic hydroprocessing

Etude de l'hydrotraitement de distillats moyens synthetiques produits par cokefaction liquide de bitume d'Athabasca. On utilise un catalyseur sulfure de nickel tungstene sur aluminium γ, a differentes pressions. Determination des proprietes des carburants obtenus
Effect Of Surface And Heat Treatment On Tensile Properties Of Jute Fiber Reinforced Composites

In this study, the tensile properties of fiber reinforced plastics using natural fibers were investigated. Jute fibers were chosen as reinforcement. Polypropylene was used as the matrix. Jute fiber reinforced plastics were laminated using a conventional hot press facility. Surface treatment using the astringency of persimmon was performed on the jute fibers before molding. Surface treatment using heat treatment on jute fibers in an oven was also conducted. The static tensile and creep properties of jute fiber reinforced composites were investigated. As a result, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the treatment using the astringency of persimmon is effective in improving the interfacial strength between jute fiber and the matrix and it decreases the initial elastic strain in a creep test; (2) in a static tensile test, the treatment using the astringency of persimmon increases the initial stiffness; the improvement ratio decreases as the applied load increases; (3) the treatment involving the heating of fibers before molding has an effect to the extent of increasing the tensile strength and initial stiffness, because the treatment improves the interfacial strength between the fiber and the matrix; (4) the effect of heat treatment is highest in the case when the temperature is 120C and the treatment duration is half an hour.
Two-step Homogenization of Poroelastic Properties of a Limestone

This study aims at deriving the effective poroelastic properties of the oolitic limestones based on the Hashin composite sphere assemblage (CSA) micromechanical theory. The microstructure of oolitic limestones generally exhibits an assemblage of grains (oolites) surrounded by a matrix. Grain and matrix are linked via the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Pores exist in these three material phases (oolite, ITZ and matrix). A two-step homogenization method is proposed. The first step consists of upscaling the properties of each porous phase (i.e. porous oolite, porous ITZ and porous matrix) in which each phase contains two sub-phases including pore and solid. The differential self-consistent scheme is used for the first step. At the second step, the three different porous constituents (oolite, ITZ and matrix) are assembled in a CSA model. A mathematical analogy between thermoelasticity and poroelasticity is used to obtain the effective poroelastic properties. A comparison between the proposed model and test data on the oolitic limestone from Bourgogne (France) helps to calibrate the model parameters and to highlight the role of ITZ phase.
Percolation Segregation in Binary Size Mixtures Under Different Shear and Intensity of Motion

Percolation segregation in binary size mixtures of potash and urea were quantified at three strains of 2, 6, and 10% and two strain rates of 0.25 Hz and 0.5 Hz. To prepare binary size mixtures, three coarse mean sizes: 3,675, 3,075, and 2,580 μm of potash and urea were mixed with three fines mean sizes, 2,180, 1,850, and 1,550 μm, of potash, and two fines sizes, 2,180 and 1,850 μm, of urea, respectively. Based on experimental results, the percentage of segregated fines and the normalized segregation rate (NSR) of fines for binary mixtures increased when strain rate was increased from 0.25 to 0.5 Hz. NSR and percentage of segregated fines also increased with increase in strain from 2 to 10%. In addition, NSR increased when strain was increased from 2 > 6> 10% for size ratios 1.7:1.0, 2.0:1.0, and 2.4:1.0 (p < 0.05). At the three strains, 2, 6, and 10%, NSR for potash was higher (0.06, 1.13, 1.40 kg/kg-h) versus urea (0.17, 0.62, and 0.69 kg/kg-h) except at strain of 2%, for the same size ratio 2.0:1.0 when coarse size was 3,675 μm (p < 0.05).
Geometry of Reactant Centers in the CoII-Substrate Radical Pair State of Coenzyme B12-Dependent Ethanolamine Deaminase Determined by Using Orientation-Selection-ESEEM Spectroscopy

The distances and orientations among the C5‘ methyl group of 5‘-deoxyadenosine, the radical-bearing C1 carbon of the substrate radical, and the low spin (S=1/2) CoII in cob(II)alamin in the active site of coenzyme B12-dependent ethanolamine deaminase from Salmonella typhimurium have been characterized in the CoII-substrate radical pair state by using two-pulse X-band electron spin−echo electron paramagnetic resonance (ESE-EPR) and electron spin−echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopies in the disordered solid state. Our approach is based on the orientation-selection created in the EPR spectrum of the biradical by the axial electron−electron dipolar interaction. Simulation of the ESE-EPR line shape yielded CoII-radical exchange and dipole interaction terms, which were used to calculate the CoII-C1 distance of 11.1 A and the dependence of the EPR line shape on the angle between the CoII-C1 axis and the magnetic field vector. ESEEM spectroscopy performed at four magnetic field values addressed the coup.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL COATING PROCESS OF PARTICLES WITH THE THETA COMPOSER

Studies were carried out on coating glass beads with fine hematite particles by use of the theta composer, a newly developed high-shearing-type mixer. Topics of study included the effects of rotational speed of the rotor, N r , (i.e., tangential velocity of the rotor tip, vr ), and a gap width between the rotor and the wall of the vessel, l, on the coating process. The amount of hematite particles deposited on glass beads was plotted versus a parameter that relates a cumulative shear force acting on particles over a coating period t. All experimental data could be fitted by a single curve, and the parameter ϵ was found to describe the coating process in the theta composer. Compression of core particles by the rotor was also analyzed using a 3-D DEM simulation. Average contact force by the rotor was found to be proportional to vr and inversely proportional to l. Thus, a cumulative shear force acting on a core particle is proportional to (vr /l)(vr t) after the particle passes through the gap N r t times. Reasonable agreement was found between the experimental results and those of simulation. The coating process can be properly described by the parameter ϵ.
Enhancement mode InAlGaN/GaN MISHFETs with plasma‐oxidised AlOx/TiOx as gate insulator

Enhancement mode GaN-based devices can be realised i.a. by gate recessing or the utilisation of a thin barrier. Yet, as this concept bases upon an increase in barrier capacitance, the application of a gate dielectric causing a capacitance reduction remains as a critical issue. A charge-free dielectric would shift the threshold voltage to negative values, eventually forming a depletion mode device. However, with an appropriate charge-containing dielectric, the same threshold voltage as for an HFET could be maintained. Here, a metal stack consisting of Al and Ti on top of a quaternary In0.11Al0. 72Ga0.17N barrier was plasma-oxidised and is shown to form insulated-gate devices with almost the same threshold voltage as their Schottky gate counterparts. The effects on the threshold voltage are discussed. It is shown that the transconductance improves by more than 80%, record drain current of 860 mA/mm is achieved and the dynamic behaviour dramatically improves. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of preparation variables on the structural, textural, and catalytic properties of al-pillared smectites

Al-pillared montmorillonites and saponites have been prepared with different pillaring solutions and their properties compared with those of similar materials obtained following a standard procedure. Characterization of the pillared clays includes X-ray diffractometry, determination of the residual cation exchange capacity, acidity measurements (ammonia), and textural properties from nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The catalytic properties of Pt-impregnated samples have been evaluated in the hydroconversion of heptane. It is shown that the textural, structural, and surface properties of the pillared clays may be influenced to some extent by the preparation method and also by the crystallinity (stacking order) of the starting clay. The catalytic performances, however, are principally dependent on the type of clay: pillared clays issued from smectites with structural tetrahedral lattice substitutions (saponites) are significantly more active than equivalent materials produced from clays with structural octahedral substitutions (montmorillonites). The preparation method and, in particular, the nature of the pillaring solution only have a secondary effect. The catalytic results are discussed in terms of nature, content, and strength of the acid sites.
Distribution and trend estimation of MIPAS ESA V7 carbon tetrachloride data and preliminary results of variability of new species derived with MIPAS ESA V8 processor

(1) Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Florence, Italy, (2) Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy, (3) Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy, (4) Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, (5) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany, (6) Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Florence, Italy
Dielectric studies of glass transition in confined propylene glycol

The dynamical behaviour of the glass transition of propylene glycol confined in droplets in butyl rubber (three-dimensional confinement, mean droplet diameter d = 8-11 nm) and in pores in controlled porous glasses (two-dimensional confinement, mean pore diameter d = 2.5-7.5 nm) has been studied in detail by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (5 Hz-2 GHz) and of thermally stimulated depolarization current measurements. Effective medium theory corrections of the data are discussed. The results indicate the existence of a relatively immobile interfacial layer close to the wall. For the volume liquid the dynamics of the glass transition becomes faster and the glass transition temperature decreases compared to the bulk liquid. The shifts increase with decreasing d, are larger in butyl rubber than in controlled porous glasses (three-dimensional versus two-dimensional confinement) and vanish for nm. These results are discussed in relation to those obtained with polymers confined in thin polymeric films (one-dimensional confinement) and in semicrystalline polymeric samples and are explained on the basis of the cooperativity concept and the model of Adam and Gibbs. The cooperativity length at is determined to be nm in both butyl rubber and controlled porous glasses. Interesting effects of confinement are observed on the shape of the dielectric response of the process associated with the glass transition.
Enhanced Phytoremediation: A Review of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids and Surfactants Used as Amendments

The contamination of soils with inorganic and organic pollutants is a diffuse environmental issue of significant relevance. Phytoremediation has been proposed as an economically feasible and sustainable remediation technology even if low bioavailability of contaminants constitutes one of the main limitations restricting the success of phytotechnologies. To overcome this constraint the addition of biodegradable amendments has been recently proposed in alternative to synthetic ones. This article presents an overview of two types of biodegradable soil amendments: low molecular weight organic acids and surfactants, evaluating the feasibility of their application in the frame of soil remediation throughout enhanced phytoremediation.
Studies on functional barriers to migration. 3 : Migration of benzophenone and model ink components from cartonboard to food during frozen storage and microwave heating

Studies of the migration of benzophenone from inks and of model ink components incorporated deliberately into cartonboard have been carried out at low temperature and during microwave heating. Benzophenone was found in the packaging of four of seven frozen foods examined and this was attributed to its use as a photoinitiator for UV-cured ink. Benzophenone was found to migrate to the packaged food even from polyethylene-coated board, and this was attributed in part to the fact that polyethylene is rather permeable to low molecular weight substances and is not a good barrier to migration. Additional studies were conducted with two other frozen foods by incorporating model ink components into their cartonboard packaging. The substances were benzophenone, benzylbutyl phthalate, butyl benzoate, chlorodecane and dimethyl phthalate. Migration was readily detected after storing the food at -20°C for 1 week in the impregnated cartonboard. Migration levels in the food increased only slowly thereafter, up to 1 year, except for the most volatile substances used. Subsequent heating of the frozen food using a microwave oven decreased the concentration of some migrants by volatilization, but increased the concentration of other, less volatile substances by heat-accelerated migration. It is concluded that for inks used to print food contact materials, if the content of low molecular weight volatiles is controlled and if transfer of higher molecular weight components via set-off is controlled also, then migration levels could be kept low in these conditions.
The Suitability of Jatropha Seed Press Cake as a Biosorbent for Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions

ABSTRACT Jatropha seed press cake (JPC), a biodeisel waste, was investigated for its use as biosorbent for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater. The acid-pretreated biomass exhibited 1.9-fold higher biosorption efficiency for Cr(VI). The Cr(VI) biosorption efficiency was found to increase with decrease in pH of aqueous medium. The adsorption capacity of biosorbent for Cr(VI) increased with increasing concentration of Cr(VI). The biosorption of Cr(VI) by acid-treated JPC followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics. The results of equilibrium studies showed that the biosorption process fitted the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 22.727 mg of Cr(VI)/g of biosorbent at 30°C. The activation energy was found to be 27.114 kJ/mol, suggesting that the adsorption process was mainly a physical process. The important thermodynamic parameters of adsorption (ΔG, ΔH, andΔS) were determined, which indicated that the Cr(VI) sorption by JPC is a spontaneous and endothermic process.
Coulomb Potential in Ionic Crystals by Direct Summation

A method is proposed to determine the shape and size of the finite crystal piece to be used in the calculations of the Coulomb potential at points in the unit cell of ionic crystals. The Coulomb potential at a point is calculated by direct summation of the potentials of all the ions in this finite crystal piece. A theorem was established which helps to make the resulting series in the calculations converge much faster, thus cutting the computing time by a factor of millions or more, depending on the accuracy desired. With the help of this theorem, it was possible to calculate the Coulomb potential at a grid of points in the unit cells of NaCl and CsCl structures to 10 decimal places. The Madelung constant for NaCl structure was calculated to 25 decimal places as an illustration of the power of this theorem.
Superhyperfine Interactions of the Nitrogen Donors in 4H SiC Studied by Pulsed ENDOR and TRIPLE ENDOR Spectroscopy

The nitrogen donors residing at quasi-cubic lattice site (Nk) in 4H SiC were investigated by field sweep electron spin echo (FS ESE), pulsed electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and pulsed General TRIPLE ENDOR spectroscopy. The 29Si and 13C superhyperfine lines observed in the FS ESE and ENDOR spectra of Nk in n-type 6H SiC were assigned by pulsed General TRIPLE resonance spectroscopy to the specific carbon (C) and silicon (Si) atoms located in the nearest environment of Nk in 4H SiC. The superhyperfine interaction constants and their relative signs for Nk with 29Si and 13C nuclei located in the nearest-neighbor shells are found from the General TRIPLE ENDOR spectra to be positive for C atoms and negative for Si atoms.
Phosphorus Forms and Distribution in Selected Soils Formed Over Different Parent Materials in Abia State of Nigeria

The forms and distribution of phosphorus in selected soils formed over different parent materials in Abia State of Nigeria were investigated. Total P varied widely ranging from 175.6 to 1252.45 mg / kg with overall mean of 450.68 mg/ kg. Ajata soils having higher values while Amakama have lower values. The organic P also varied widely ranging from 31.03 to 127.71 mg /kg with a mean value of 61.0 and 92.91 mg/ kg respectively. About 40% of the Total P in the surface horizon (Ap) of the fine-textured soils (Ajata ) are in organic P form while the coarse-textured soils ( Amakama ) have a very low ( Fe-P> Al-P> Ca-P. The occluded P constitutes between 26 and 68% of the total P in the various soils and 40 to 80% of the total inorganic P. The occluded P and Fe-P comprise more than 84% of the total inorganic P. The content of Ca-P and Al-P were very low (<16% of the total inorganic P). The active inorganic P constitutes between 18 and 38% of the total P. There is high content of Al-P in the lower horizons of the Ajata soil. Available P is low with values ranging from 4-21 mg/ kg with a mean value of 11.59 mg /kg. The surface horizon (Ap) contains more available P than the subsurface soil horizons. The multiple correlation analysis revealed that total P correlated negatively with sand and positively with clay, exchangeable Ca, occluded P, organic P, Ca-P, Fe-P. Organic P correlated positively with Fe-P, Al-P and total P. Ca-P correlated negatively with sand and positively with organic carbon, exchangeable Ca, Al-P and total P. Fe-P correlated positively with organic P, Al-P and total P. Al-P correlated positively with Fe-P, Ca-P and organic P. The occluded P correlated positively with clay and exchangeable Ca and negatively with sand and pH.
Effects of phosphorus addition on N2O and NO emissions from soils of an Acacia mangium plantation

Abstract An incubation experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the phosphorus (P) application on nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions from soils of an Acacia mangium plantation in Indonesia. The soils were incubated with and without the addition of P (Ca[H2PO4]2; 2 mg P g soil)−1) after adjusting the water-filled pore space (WFPS) to 75% or 100%. The P addition increased N2O emissions under both WFPS conditions and NO emissions at 75% WFPS. Some possible mechanisms are considered. First, the P addition stimulated nitrogen (N) cycling, and N used for nitrification and/or denitrification also increased. Second, the P addition could have relieved the P shortage for nitrifying and/or denitrifying bacteria, producing N2O and NO. Our results suggest that the application of P fertilizer has the potential to stimulate N2O and NO emissions from Acacia mangium plantations, at least when soils are under relatively wet conditions.
Quantifying pressure‐dependent recombination currents in GaInNAs lasers using spontaneous emission measurements

The pressure dependence of the total threshold current and its respective recombination components in 1.3 μm GaInNAs single quantum‐well lasers has been determined by measuring for the first time the window‐spontaneous emission under hydrostatic pressures at room temperature. It is shown that, above 6 kbar, the rapid increase of the threshold current with increasing pressure in GaInNAs lasers is related to the unusual increase of the Auger recombination current, while the monomolecular non‐radiative current in the total threshold current is almost constant in the pressure range studied. Theoretical calculations show that the unusual increase of the Auger current is due to a large increase in the threshold carrier density with pressure, stronger than the reduction of the Auger coefficient leading to an overall increase in the Auger current.
Padrões de identidade e qualidade de fermentados acéticos comerciais de frutas e vegetais

This work aimed to identify the patterns of identity and quality of vinegars and quantify the presence of total phenolics compounds in fruit and vegetable vinegars, Vinegars made from sugar cane, sugar cane and corn, kiwi, orange, orange and honey, apple, rice, mango, passion fruit, corn, tangerine, tangerine and corn, red wine, and white wine were analyzed in triplicates. Analyses of dry extract, density, volatile acidity, pH, ashes, alcoholic content, reducing sugars, and total polyphenols were performed. The results were submitted to ANOVA followed by the Tukey's test at 5% significance. There was a statistical correlation between the dry extract and density. All samples presented values of 0% of alcohol. The presence of honey in the vinegar formulation made from orange and honey (43.27 mg EAG.100 mL-1) contributed to the increase of total polyphenols content by 50% in relation to the vinegar made from orange (28.83 mg EAG.100 mL-1). The orange and honey vinegar presented total polyphenols content (43.27 mg EAG.100 mL-1) higher than that of the red wine vinegar (31.86 mg EAG.100 mL-1), the orange vinegar, and the tangerine vinegar (34.36 mg EAG.100 mL-1). It can be concluded that there were differences among the samples and the analyzed parameters, and that the vinegars made from orange and honey, orange, and tangerine presented higher total polyphenols contents than those of the red wine vinegar.
Remote sensing of CO2 and CH4 using solar absorption spectrometry with a low resolution spectrometer

Abstract. Throughout the last few years solar absorption Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) has been further developed to measure the total columns of CO2 and CH4. The observations are performed at high spectral resolution, typically at 0.02 cm−1. The precision currently achieved is generally better than 0.25%. However, these high resolution instruments are quite large and need a dedicated room or container for installation. We performed these observations using a smaller commercial interferometer at its maximum possible resolution of 0.11 cm−1. The measurements have been performed at Bremen and have been compared to observations using our high resolution instrument also situated at the same location. The high resolution instrument has been successfully operated as part of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The precision of the low resolution instrument is 0.32% for XCO2 and 0.46% for XCH4. A comparison of the measurements of both instruments yields an average deviation in the retrieved daily means of l0.2% for CO2. For CH4 an average bias between the instruments of 0.47% was observed. For test cases, spectra recorded by the high resolution instrument have been truncated to the resolution of 0.11 cm−1. This study gives an offset of 0.03% for CO2 and 0.26% for CH4. These results indicate that for CH4 more than 50% of the difference between the instruments results from the resolution dependent retrieval. We tentatively assign the offset to an incorrect a-priori concentration profile or the effect of interfering gases, which may not be treated correctly.