Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circularly polarized wave propagation in magnetofluid dynamics for relativistic electron-positron plasmas

The dispersion relation for circularly polarized electromagnetic waves propagating in the direction of an external magnetic field in a relativistic electron-positron plasma with arbitrary constant drift velocities is obtained for constant temperature in the homentropic regime. This result is an exact solution of the nonlinear magnetofluid unification field formalism introduced by S. Mahajan [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 035001 (2003)], where the electromagnetic and fluid fields are coupled through the relativistic enthalpy density. The behavior of electromagnetic and Alfven branches of the dispersion relation are discussed for different temperatures.
A TESS Dress Rehearsal: Planetary Candidates and Variables from K2 Campaign 17

We produce light curves for all ∼34,000 targets observed with K2 in Campaign 17 (C17), identifying planet candidates, eclipsing binaries, and other periodic variables. The forward-facing direction of the C17 field means follow-up can begin immediately now that the campaign has concluded and interesting targets have been identified. The C17 field has a large overlap with C6, so this latest campaign also offers an infrequent opportunity to study a large number of targets already observed in a previous K2 campaign. The timing of the C17 data release, shortly before science operations begin with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), also lets us exercise some of the tools and methods developed for identification and dissemination of planet candidates from TESS. We find excellent agreement between these results and those identified using only K2-based tools. Among our planet candidates are several planet candidates with sizes <4 R⊕ and orbiting stars with Kp ≲ 10 (indicating good RV targets of the sort TESS hopes to find) and a Jupiter-sized single-transit event around a star already hosting a 6 day planet candidate.
Assessing the Effects of Langmuir Turbulence on the Entrainment Buoyancy Flux in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer

AbstractLarge-eddy simulations (LESs) with various constant wind, wave, and surface destabilizing surface buoyancy flux forcing are conducted, with a focus on assessing the impact of Langmuir turbulence on the entrainment buoyancy flux at the base of the ocean surface boundary layer. An estimate of the entrainment buoyancy flux scaling is made to best fit the LES results. The presence of Stokes drift forcing and the resulting Langmuir turbulence enhances the entrainment rate significantly under weak surface destabilizing buoyancy flux conditions, that is, weakly convective turbulence. In contrast, Langmuir turbulence effects are moderate when convective turbulence is dominant and appear to be additive rather than multiplicative to the convection-induced mixing. The parameterized unresolved velocity scale in the K-profile parameterization (KPP) is modified to adhere to the new scaling law of the entrainment buoyancy flux and account for the effects of Langmuir turbulence. This modification is targeted on c.
A telemetry study of the social organization of a tawny owl (Strix aluco) population

The spatial dispersion and social interactions were studied in 11 neighbouring pairs of radio-tagged tawny owls Strix aluco in a deciduous wood in Denmark from 1998–2001. The numbers and shapes of territories were stable throughout the survey and similar to a mapping made 40 years earlier. The home ranges of mates were of equal size and overlapped 82% in summer and 56% in winter. The inter-mate distances were on average 2.7% shorter than expected by chance. The activity distribution of neighbouring pairs overlapped 9% (95% CI: 2–15%) on average. Males and females did not differ in overlap with neighbours, and there was a similar overlap between neighbours of the same and opposite sex. Both sexes vocalized more often in the peripheries than in the centres of their territory. The vocal activity during May–September varied extensively among years and months in accordance with variation in the density of juvenile floaters. Males and females vocalized equally often and were involved in disputes with neighbours at similar rates. Usually, neighbouring disputes involved either one individual from each pair or all four. Disputes involving all four owls more often involved chasing and fighting than those involving one owl only from each pair. The dispute rate between neighbouring pairs correlated positively with home-range overlap. The total annual mortality was 21% (95% CI: 6–33%). Dead owners were usually replaced within 1–2 months. Two out of four cases of radio-tagged owls disappearing from their territory because of natural causes was due to take-overs by invading owls, suggesting that the risk of losing fitness resulting from eviction was important. The apparent co-operative territorial behaviour of tawny owl pairs is probably due to improved resource holding potential of pair coalitions compared to single individuals.
Hope and emotional well-being: A six-year study to distinguish antecedents, correlates, and consequences

Hope is a motivational factor that helps initiate and sustain action toward long-term goals, including flexible management of obstacles that get in the way of goal attainment. Despite an abundance of research on the benefits of hope, little attention has been given to this aspect of youth development via longitudinal studies. In this study, we collected ratings of hope and positive and negative affect from 975 adolescents over a six-year assessment period (Grades 7–12). Using cross-lagged structural equation modeling, we found that hope led to greater positive affect, with little evidence for the reverse direction. In contrast, hope and negative affective states were reciprocally related. Hope predicted future well-being particularly well in years when the young people where in transition (e.g. starting high school and transitioning to senior high school). Our data support the position that hope is a malleable attribute that fosters positive youth development.
Substorm dependence of chorus amplitudes: Implications for the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies

Intense interest currently exists in determining the roles played by various wave-particle interactions in the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies during/following geomagnetic storms. Here we present a survey of wave data from the CRRES Plasma Wave Experiment for lower band (0.1-0.5f(ce)) and upper band (0.5-1.0f(ce)) chorus, f(ce) being the electron gyrofrequency, to assess whether these waves could play an important role in the acceleration of a seed population of electrons to relativistic energies during and following geomagnetic storms. Outside of the plasmapause the chorus emissions are largely substorm-dependent, and all chorus emissions are enhanced when substorm activity is enhanced. The equatorial chorus (/ lambda (m) / 300 nT) with average amplitudes typically >0.5 mV m(-1) predominantly in the region 3 15 degrees) is strongest in the lower band during active conditions, with average amplitudes typically >0.5 mV m(-1) in the region 3 < L < 7 over a range of local times on the dayside, principally in the range 0600-1500 MLT, Consistent with wave generation in the horns of the magnetosphere. An inner population of weak, substorm-independent emissions with average amplitudes generally < 0.2 mV m(-1) are seen in both bands largely inside L = 4 on the nightside during quiet (AE < 100 nT) and moderate (100 nT < AE < 300 nT) conditions. These emissions lie inside the plasmapause and are attributed to signals from lightning and ground-based VLF transmitters. We conclude that the significant increases in chorus amplitudes seen outside of the plasmapause during substorms support the theory of electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus in that region. The results suggest that electron acceleration by whistle mode chorus during/following geomagnetic storms can only be effective when there are periods of prolonged substorm activity following the main phase of the geomagnetic storm.
The new rm e ect on entrepreneurship

This paper examines the new rm e ect on entrepreneurship and investigates the new rm employee transition to entrepreneurship and controls for the worker's ability in terms of income residuals. For empirical analysis, dataset collected from Swedish matched employee-employer database from ve di erent cohorts (2001-2005), is used and competing risk models are employed. The ndings indicate that the new rm e ect on entrepreneurship is positive and statistically signi cant and remains even after controlling for a worker's ability. Moreover, workers with the lowest and the highest abilities are more likely to enter entrepreneurship. This e ect on worker's ability is also true for the entrepreneurial transition among incumbent rm employees. In contrast, among new rm employees, women entering into entrepreneurship are drawn from the lowest and the next highest tails of the income residual distribution, while men entering into entrepreneurship are drawn only from the lowest tails of the income residual distribution. JEL classi cation: L26; M13
Systemic aspects of R&D policy subsidies for R&D collaborations and their effects on private R&D

Abstract This paper analyses how context- and time-dependent factors determine the impact of R&D subsidies on firm behaviour with respect to private R&D expenditures. Based on German R&D survey data, we combine propensity score matching with a difference-in-difference estimator in order to measure the causal influence of public direct R&D project funding on firm behaviour. Our results indicate that (i) repeated participation in R&D projects on average leads to a higher increase in R&D expenditures than once-off funding; (ii) the aggregate effect of R&D funding on R&D expenditures of business firms is somewhat higher for business–business collaboration projects than for science–business collaboration projects; (iii) R&D expenditures of business firms that cooperate with science show a higher share of external R&D spending. Results of one particular cluster programme indicate that at least the short-term development of R&D does not so much depend on which programme direct R&D project funding is applied to.
Farm Production Diversity: Is it Important for Food Security, Dietary Diversity and Nutrition? Panel Data Evidence from Uganda

Improved food security (quantities of food available to households for consumption) and nutrition security (quality of food available to households) remain global problems. Yet, food and nutrition security are areas of strategic importance with regard to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. The changing global food production systems pose a threat to sustainable improved food and nutrition security. Consequently, a significant population globally remains chronically hungry. Some evidence points to market access as pivotal to enhancing food and nutrition security, whereas other evidence points to own farm production diversity. Mixed evidence creates knowledge gaps that worsen with disjointed insufficient empirical works on the global agriculture-nutrition nexus. Using national household panel survey data from Uganda, and panel regression models, we find that farm production diversity is associated with both improved food and nutrition security. We identified that markets and own farm production are two important food security pathways through which households secure their nutrition. Own farm production was associated with larger effects. Patterns by which these pathways influenced household dietary diversity were similar to those for daily energy, iron and zinc intake, except for vitamin A. We also found gender effects with regard to household nutrition security. Findings could have broader implications for several countries practising smallholder agriculture.
A test of the sequential assessment game: the effect of increased cost of sampling

The sequential assessment game describes a fight between two conspecifics as a statistical sampling process, allowing for specific predictions about fight duration and number of repetitions of a behavioral element depending on relative fighting ability. Fight duration and number of repetitions of a behavioral element correlate moderately to relative fighting ability. Variation in real contests depends on differences between the contestants in the ability to incur cost and the value of the contested resource. I hypothesized that an additional source of variation is differences between individuals in their perception of how dangerous it is to fight. To investigate this, I used the risk of predation to study the effect on the use of different agonistic behaviors in fights between males of the cichlid fish Nannacara anomala. In the group subjected to predation risk, the time until the most escalated behavior (mouth wrestling) was more variable and increased significantly on average. In addition, the duration of fights was significantly longer. In the predator treatment the use of visual assessment and tail beating varied more than in the control, giving a significant positive relationship between the use of low-intensity behaviors and time to mouth wrestling across the group. These relationships were less pronounced in the control group. The effect of predation risk on optimal information transfer is discussed based on the behavioral mechanism suggested by the sequential assessment game. Key words: cichlids, fighting behavior, Nannacara anomala, predation risk, sequential assessment. [Behav Ecol 10:726‐732 (1999)]
Ways to study the nature and frequency of our daily emotions: reply to the commentaries on “Emotions in everyday life”

My co-authors and I are impressed by the wide range of issues addressed in the commentaries on our article about everyday emotions, as well as by the incisive analyses, interesting examples and rich data sets presented by the commentators. We welcome the opportunity to reply to these commentaries and thereby inaugurate an interdisciplinary debate on the nature of emotional experience, a topic that has fascinated scholars in the humanities as well as the social and behavioral sciences since antiquity. As the commentaries beautifully illustrate, in spite of the venerable history of scholarship on the phenomenon, there is still no consensus on how to define emotion or how to study it in an appropriate fashion. In reviewing the issues raised, I will highlight the major questions asked in our research. What is an emotion? How many different emotions are there? How often do these emotions occur? What factors make the occurrence of a particular emotion more likely? What are the modal antecedent and response profiles for the different emotions?
EMBODIED MATHEMATICS: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DOING AND IMAGINING IN THE ACTIVITIES OF A BLIND LEARNER

In this paper, we examine the claim that mathematical cognition is embodied by exploring the co-ordinations of speech, gestures, material objects and sensory activities in a dialogue between a mathematics teacher (researcher) and a blind student. We argue that the student came to know aspects of the mathematics in question (symmetry and reflection), in a process involving the mental simulation of past experiences in ways which enabled associations between physical and mathematical activities. In particular, we suggest that the researcher had a role in facilitating a kind of meeting between culture and cognition by inviting the learner to make connections between sensory experiences (past and present), representational artefacts and culturally accepted mathematical meanings.
Analysis of Learning Curve in Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Performed by a Surgeon

This study aimed to report the learning curve in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) performed by one surgeon who is experienced in laparoscopic prostatectomies. The records of 145 RARP cases performed between 2015 and 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 comprised the first 49 cases, group 2 comprised 50–88 cases, and the rest of the cases were assigned to group 3. Continence was defined as the necessity to use at least one pad during a day. Additionally, erectile function recovery was defined as having erection sufficient for sexual intercourse regardless of using a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. Continence and erectile function recovery were assessed during interviews at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. First, all procedures were successfully performed without conversions or blood transfusions. The median follow-up period was 22 months. Moreover, the median skin-to-skin operative time (OT) was 220 minutes. The median blood loss was 150 ml, and the mean hospital stay was 8.9 ± 3.87 days. The median prostate volume was 36 cm³. The overall positive surgical margin rate was 13.1%. Overall, 38 (26.2%) postoperative complications were observed, and 17.9% of them were graded as minor. Anastomotic leakage decreased significantly from group 1 to group 3 (26.5% and 7%, respectively). The continence recovery (0-1 pad) rates were 60.6%, 75.7%, and 84.9% at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Subsequently, the erectile function recovery rates were 50.9% and 65.4% at 6 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. In conclusion, there are several types of learning curves for RARP. First, the shallowest learning curve was observed for the OT. Regarding the analysis of “advanced learning curve,” demonstrating the improvement of OT and blood loss is considered insufficient. Therefore, additional oncological and functional results that require a longer period of investigation are required.
Patterns of Metacognitive Skills and External Representation of Students in Chemistry Problem Solving

This research aims to examine the pattern of external representation and metacognitive skills in chemistry problem solving for students of chemistry education at Tadulako University. This picture will enrich the treasures of thinking skills in the field of science, namely how students/prospective teachers think in the context of metacognitive skills and how these students display an external representation system on chemistry concepts. The subject of this qualitative study was obtained through a purposive random sampling of 97 students who have been programmed Basic Chemistry course 2017/2018 academic year. Subjects were selected based on the results of the screening using a metacognitive skills assessment questionnaire (MCAI). Two problems solved by the subject by setting one-on-one thinking aloud. Subjects who complete the issue by setting further interviews at different times. The problem-solving activity was recorded using a video camera. The subject uses a type of representation and aspects of metacognitive skills and how to use the sequence of activities, analyzed in detail. The results showed that students of chemical education used metacognitive skills and external representations. So students solve chemical problems. Students also can improve knowledge retention related to linking new knowledge with previous knowledge, creating ideas, organizing, and even synthesizing knowledge. Students become productive and find solutions for problem-solving well
Effect of curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles against lead induced nephrotoxicity.

The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effect of curcumin (CUR) and curcumin nanoparticles (CURNPs) as antioxidants on the nephrotoxicity induced by lead (Pb). CUR (60 mg/kg b.w) and CURNPs (30 mg/kg b.w) were evaluated using Pb (30 mg/kg b.w.) induced oxidative renal damage in rats. Administration of Pb significantly (p<0.001) increased the levels of renal function test such as creatinine (CRN) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid (UA). Furthermore, Pb significantly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities (p<0.001). CUR and CURNPs displayed a renal protective effect as evident by significant decrease in CRN, BUN, UA levels and elevated the antioxidant status of renal tissues. The administration of Pb also induced histopathological changes in renal tissue; however, in groups treated by CUR and CURNPs, there was amelioration in pathological changes in renal tissue. These findings suggest that Nano CUR could be a potential compound in combating the oxidative damage of renal tissue as it increases curcumin bioavailability.
The Populist Road to Market Reform: Policy and Electoral Coalitions in Mexico and Argentina

Governing parties face two fundamental tasks: they must pursue policies effectively, and they must win elections. Their national coalitions, therefore, generally include two types of constituencies—those that are important for policy-making and those that make it possible to win elections. In effect, governing parties must bring together a policy coalition and an electoral coalition. This distinction sheds light on how the transitional costs of major economic policy shifts can be made sustainable in electoral terms. It also provides a starting point for analysis of how two of Latin America's most important labor-based parties, the Peronist party in Argentina and the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) in Mexico, maintained electoral dominance while pursuing free-market reforms that adversely affected key social constituencies. Peronism and the PRI are conceived of as having encompassed historically two distinctive and regionally based subcoalitions: a metropolitan coalition that gave support to the parties' development strategies and a peripheral coalition that carried the burden of generating electoral majorities. This framework permits a reconceptualization of the historic coalitional dynamics of Peronism and the PRI and sheds light on the current process of coalitional change and economic reform.