Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary Patterns and Association with Anemia in Children Aged 9–16 Years in Guangzhou, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Anemia affects 1.8 billion people worldwide, and diet is one of the key modifiable factors for treating anemia in children. The dietary pattern has changed rapidly in recent decades, but its effect on childhood anemia has not been reported. This study aimed to identify dietary patterns among children in rural areas of Guangzhou, China, and explore their association with anemia. A total of 1476 children aged 9–16 years old were included in this study. Demographics, lifestyle, and anthropometric and dietary information were collected. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns, and anemia was diagnosed based on hemoglobin levels. Robust Poisson regression and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and anemia. The prevalence of anemia in children was 10.4%, with 6.1% in boys and 15.4% in girls. Four dietary patterns were identified, including a fast food pattern, a vegetarian pattern, a meat and egg pattern, and a rice and wheat pattern. A high score in the fast food pattern was positively associated with risk of anemia in children entering puberty (PR = 1.767, 95% CI: 1.026~3.043, p = 0.039), especially in girls after menarche, with marginal significance (PR = 1.740, 95% CI: 0.977~3.097, p = 0.059). A high score in the meat and egg pattern was negatively associated with risk of anemia in children entering puberty (PR = 0.498, 95% CI: 0.286~0.866, p = 0.013), especially in boys after spermatorrhea (PR = 0.237, 95% CI: 0.031~0.590, p = 0.007). The fast food pattern was a risk factor for anemia in children, and the meat and egg pattern was a protective factor for anemia in children entering puberty. The findings of this study could be used to guide the strategies of evidence-based preventive nutrition interventions to curb anemia in children.
Testing the ability of surface arrays to monitor microseismic activity

Recently there has been much interest in the use of data from surface arrays in conjunction with migration‐based processing methods for passive seismic monitoring. In this study we use an example of this kind of data recorded whilst 18 perforation shots, with a variety of positions and propellant amounts, were detonated in the subsurface. As the perforation shots provide signals with known source positions and origin times, the analysis of these data is an invaluable opportunity to test the accuracy and ability of surface arrays to detect and locate seismic sources in the subsurface. In all but one case the signals from the perforation shots are not visible in the raw or preprocessed data. However, clear source images are produced for 12 of the perforation shots showing that arrays of surface sensors are capable of imaging microseismic events, even when the signals are not visible in individual traces. We find that point source locations are within typically 45 m (laterally) of the true shot location, however the depths are less well constrained (∼150 m). We test the sensitivity of our imaging method to the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the data using signals embedded in realistic noise. We find that the position of the imaged shot location is quite insensitive to the level of added noise, the primary effect of increased noise being to defocus the source image. Given the migration approach, the array geometry and the nature of coherent noise during the experiment, signals embedded in noise with ratios ≥0.1 can be used to successfully image events. Furthermore, comparison of results from data and synthetic signals embedded in noise shows that, in this case, prestack corrections of traveltimes to account for near‐surface structure will not enhance event detectability. Although, the perforation shots have a largely isotropic radiation pattern the results presented here show the potential for the use of surface sensors in microseismic monitoring as a viable alternative to classical downhole methods.
Image-Based Ship Detection Using Deep Variational Information Bottleneck

Image-based ship detection is a critical function in maritime security. However, lacking high-quality training datasets makes it challenging to train a robust supervision deep learning model. Conventional methods use data augmentation to increase training samples. This approach is not robust because the data augmentation may not present a complex background or occlusion well. This paper proposes to use an information bottleneck and a reparameterization trick to address the challenge. The information bottleneck learns features that focus only on the object and eliminate all backgrounds. It helps to avoid background variance. In addition, the reparameterization introduces uncertainty during the training phase. It helps to learn more robust detectors. Comprehensive experiments show that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods on Seaship datasets, especially when the number of training samples is small. In addition, this paper discusses how to integrate the information bottleneck and the reparameterization into well-known object detection frameworks efficiently.
Seasonal variation in the oxygen isotopic composition of different-sized planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) in the northwestern North Pacific and implications for reconstruction of the paleoenvironment

[1] The oxygen isotope value (δ18O) of planktonic foraminifer shells is one of the most commonly used proxies to reconstruct the paleoenvironment. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) (N. pachyderma (sin.)) is a dominant foraminifer in subpolar and polar region that is used extensively for high-latitude paleoreconstruction. The present study examined seasonal variation in δ18O of N. pachyderma (sin.) using sediment trap samples collected over 3.5 years in the northwestern North Pacific Ocean. The vital offset value was about −1‰, which agrees with previous plankton tow studies. Large shell individuals (180–250 μm) secrete their shells in a shallower and warmer environment than small ones (125–180 μm), and the difference in δ18O between shell size showed seasonal variation. Although large individuals calcify at a slower rate with slightly heavier δ18O than small individuals, differences between size classes mainly reflect different habitation in the water column and are related to seasonal changes in stratification. During summer, large individuals would calcify mainly at 25–35 m depth, while small individuals calcify near the pycnocline at ∼45 m. During winter, both size classes calcify at or slightly above the weak pycnocline at 45–65 m. Thus, the shell δ18O could record the oceanographic environment around pycnocline depth, and size-specific differences in δ18O reflect water column stratification. The annual flux-weighted δ18O corresponded to non-flux-weighted mean δ18O value due to the equal contribution of two flux peaks and differences between size classes also related to the stratification. It suggests that fossil δ18O data could represent the annual mean environment around pycnocline and past stratification.
A Satellite Analysis of Deep Convection, Upper-Tropospheric Humidity, and the Greenhouse Effect

Abstract This paper combines satellite measurements of the upwelling 6.7-μm radiance from TOVS with cloud-property information from ISCCP and outgoing longwave radiative fluxes from ERBE to analyze the climatological interactions between deep convection, upper-tropospheric humidity, and atmospheric greenhouse trapping. The satellite instruments provide unmatched spatial and temporal coverage, enabling detailed examination of regional, seasonal, and interannual variations between these quantities. The present analysis demonstrates that enhanced tropical convection is associated with increased upper-tropospheric relative humidity. The positive relationship between deep convection and upper-tropospheric humidity is observed for both regional and temporal variations, and is also demonstrated to occur over a wide range of space and time scales. Analysis of ERBE outgoing longwave radiation measurements indicates that regions or periods of increased upper-tropospheric moisture are strongly correlated with an enh.
Proximal braidplain deposits in the Middle Devonian Malbaie Formation of Eastern Gaspé, Quebec, Canada

The Middle Devonian Malbaie Formation of Eastern Gaspe, Canada, comprises sharply alternating conglomerate and sandstone units. Their petrography suggests derivation from the same source, but palaeocurrents indicate different dispersal systems for the sand and gravel. The principal conglomerate facies is horizontally stratified, with well-developed imbrication, characteristic of deposition on a high-energy, proximal braidplain. Minor cross-stratified conglomerate shows well-defined size sorting, attributed to avalanching down foresets and sorting within minor bedforms on bar tops. The sandstone units mainly comprise erosion surfaces overlain by mudstone intraclasts, alternating with lineated low-angle to horizontally stratified sandstone or trough cross-stratified sandstone. The sandstone units were deposited on a proximal braidplain with highly variable discharge, but the absence of calcrete indicates that dry periods were not prolonged. The Malbaie is the coarsest, uppermost formation of a Devonian clastic wedge formed during the Acadian Orogeny. The uniformity of facies association and palaeocurrents, particularly in conglomerate units, indicates derivation from a broad upwarp to the south. This implies that the Acadian uplands resulted from straight compression, in contrast to the localized uplifts formed by strike-slip faulting during the Carboniferous.
Interannual CO2 exchange of a sparse Mediterranean shrubland on a carbonaceous substrate

[1] This study presents the interannual CO2 exchange of a semiarid shrubland overlying a carbonaceous substrate where abiotic processes may interact with biological processes in the ecosystem carbon cycle. Estimated by the eddy covariance technique and two different gap-filling models (RBF neural network and MDS “Marginal Distribution Sampling”), the mean annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 varied from −63 to 29 g C m−2, averaging −2 ± 23 g C m−2 from May 2004 to December 2007. In addition, CO2 exchange was divided into periods likely dominated by clear signals of biological activity (high daytime uptake, low Bowen ratio) and periods of apparent plant senescence (dry conditions) to better understand the relative contributions of “biological versus abiotic processes” to the annual NEE and the interannual variability of these processes. During biological periods, CO2 exchange appears to be related to changes in the ecosystem leaf area index, whereas abiotic fluxes are most closely related to evapotranspiration. The timing of rainfall events seems to be a main determinant of both activation and duration of biological processes. During apparent abiotic periods, CO2 exchange is characterized by daytime emissions averaging 1.5 μmol m−2 s−1, whereas biological periods are characterized by daytime CO2 uptake with mean values of around 1.4 μmol m−2 s−1. As a preliminary result, the abiotic period characterized from 19% of 2004 to 45% of 2007 with a mean duration of approximately 2 months. However, future research is needed in order to achieve a more reliable division between determinant processes involved in CO2 exchange over carbonaceous substrates.
Elevated paternal glucocorticoid exposure prior to conception causes intergenerational shifts in offspring social and sexual behaviours and expression of major urinary protein pheromone

Studies have shown that paternal stress prior to conception can influence the innate behaviours of their offspring. The evolutionary benefits of such intergenerational adaptations continue to be speculated upon. Our group previously showed that glucocorticoid treatment of adult male breeders prior to conception leads to increased anxiety-related behaviours in male offspring. Here, we aimed to understand the transgenerational effects of paternal stress exposure on the social behaviour of progeny and its potential influence on adaptive fitness. We assessed social parameters including social reward, male attractiveness and social dominance, in the offspring (F1) and grand-offspring (F2). We report that paternal corticosterone-treatment was associated with increased display of subordination towards other male mice. Those mice were unexpectedly more attractive to female mice while expressing reduced levels of the key rodent pheromone Darcin, contrary to its conventional purpose. No overt differences of the prefrontal cortex transcriptome were found in F1 offspring, implying that peripheral mechanisms are likely contributing to the phenotypic differences. Interestingly, no phenotypic differences were observed in the F2 grand-offspring. Overall, our findings highlight the contribution of moderate paternal stress to an intergenerational adaptive response, informing future studies of adaptive fitness in rodents, humans and other species.
The Antarctic Sea Ice Response to the Ozone Hole in Climate Models

AbstractIt has been suggested that the increase of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent since the 1970s can be explained by ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. In a previous study, the authors have shown that in a coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice model the ozone hole does not lead to an increase but to a decrease in sea ice extent. Here, the robustness of this result is established through the analysis of models from phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5). Comparison of the mean sea ice trends in CMIP3 models with and without time-varying stratospheric ozone suggests that ozone depletion is associated with decreased sea ice extent, and ozone recovery acts to mitigate the future sea ice decrease associated with increasing greenhouse gases. All available historical simulations with CMIP5 models that were designed to isolate the effect of time-varying ozone concentrations show decreased sea ice extent in response to historical ozone trends. In most mo.
Revision of the Stratigraphical Scheme for the Carboniferous and Permian Rocks of Spitsbergen and Bjørnøya

Abstract A revised Stratigraphical scheme based on numerous measured sections and extensive mapping is proposed for the Carboniferous and Permian sequences of Spitsbergen and Bjørnøya, the important Arctic archipelago, in order to provide an up-to-date framework for future work there. New data on the fusulinid zones is summarized and the age of the sequence discussed. A brief Stratigraphical interpretation with four maps showing outcrops, thicknesses, active faults, and main lithological boundaries is given and recent published and unpublished work is reviewed.
The uses of television broadcast-based distance education : a case study of Liberty Learning Channel programme.

Education is considered as an essential tool for the long-term development of most countries. The provision of education to only part of a community or part of the world reinforces relative deprivation. To counteract such an effect, South Africa, a geographically large country, in which the population is scattered, where economic disparities are aligned to race, where qualified teachers and specialists in certain subject areas are scarce, and where there is an illiteracy rate of 29 percent, hope has been expressed that television broadcast based distance education may be a viable alternative to expanding formal education provision extensively and quickly. This study investigates the role of television broadcast-based distance education in South Africa as a possibility for extending the provision of formal education to large numbers of learners and how the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) and the country 's Department of Education fulfils the promise of extending education. This objective was addressed by first giving a critique of conventional education systems and why distance education is an alternative option for provision of education. Further, the study traces a general picture of education in Africa and the educational situation in South Africa, highlighting the distance education scenario in South Africa , and investigates why distance education and particularly television broadcast-based distance education is crucial in the provision of education in developing countries in the face of the globalisation of mass communication and new information technologies. The study also investigates the complex issues involved in the production, distribution and consumption of Liberty Learning Channel Programme (a television programme which offers remedial support for matric (grade 12) and grade 10 to 11 students) by examining whether the producers and partners of the programme created a text which connects with the multi-cultural reality of teachers, learners and other viewers in South Africa; the role of the programme in the service of growth, reconstruction and development; why the programme is not popular among the youth; and what can be done to make it effective in enhancing teaching and learning; and the intertextuality, production and distribution of the programme.
Parasites Causing Respiratory Manifestations in Mullus surmulatus Fish from Safaga at Red Sea Governorate

Commonly referred to as a "goatfish," is a fish with strikingly brilliant red skin. Red mullet can be found in tropical and warm waters including the Mediterranean; most digeneans are hermaphrodite and heteroxenous, as they need to complete their life cycle with more than one host. In this study, parasitic trematode Prosorhynchus spp. was isolated from a transparent cyst inside the gills of Mullus surmuletus; the weakening of the adductor muscle and castration are serious problems in mussels caused by infestation of P. spp. (Cousteau et al., 1990; Cousteau et al., 1993). Monogeneans are common parasites of both fresh and marine water fishes (Eissa, 2002). Almost all monogeneans are obligatory ectoparasites on specific sites on the external body surface as gills, skin and fins. Some monogenean are characterized by temporary attachment to epithelial surfaces of fishes by secreation of adhesive materials (Mahmoud et al., 2020). Since their direct life cycle allows them to move from one host to another without stopping, these parasites cause indirect harm, increasing the risk of secondary infections in fish by destroying and rupturing the epithelium and mucous layer (Ziarti et al., 2022). Most crustacean life cycles are spent by males, with the fertilized female acting as a parasite to ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: June 7, 2023 Accepted: Aug. 26, 2023 Online: Sept. 15, 2023 _______________
Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Some Grape Rootstocks to Salt Stress

conducted during Two consecutive seasons 2020 and 2021.to evaluate the responses of 1-year-old rooted cuttings of commercially available grape rootstocks (SO4, Freedom, Ramsey, and Richter) planted in sandy soil, amended with compost; then irrigated with graduated levels of salt mixture solution (control, 1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 ppm). The results obtained from biochemical and physiological measurements revealed that Ramsey rootstock outperformed the other rootstocks, significantly exhibiting the highest concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and proline in roots, while demonstrating the lowest sodium concentration in petioles. The results offer valuable insights on grape cultivation under salinity conditions with irrigation water concentration ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 ppm.
Pancreaticogastrostomy versus Pancreaticojejunostomy and the Proposal of a New Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Risk Score

Despite the substantial decrease in mortality rates following a pancreaticoduodenectomy to less than 5%, morbidity rates remain significant, reaching even 73%. Postoperative pancreatic fistula is one of the most frequent major complications and is significantly associated with other complications, including patient death. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the ideal type of pancreatic anastomosis, as the question of the choice between a pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy is still open. Furthermore, worldwide implementation of an ideal pancreatic fistula risk prediction score is missing. Our study found several significant predictive factors for the postoperative occurrence of fistulas, such as the soft consistency of the pancreas, non-dilated Wirsung duct, important intraoperative blood loss, other perioperative complications, preoperative patient hypoalbuminemia, and patient weight loss. Our study also revealed that for patients who exhibit fistula risk factors, pancreaticogastrostomy demonstrates a significantly lower pancreatic fistula rate than pancreaticojejunostomy. The occurrence of pancreatic fistulas has been significantly associated with the development of other postoperative major complications, and patient death. As the current pancreatic fistula risk scores proposed by various authors have not been consensually validated, we propose a simple, easy-to-use, and sensitive score for the risk prediction of postoperative pancreatic fistula occurrence based on important predictors from statistical analyses that have also been found to be significant by most of the reported studies. The new pancreatic fistula risk score proposed by us could be extremely useful for improved therapeutic management of cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy patients.
Numerical simulation of permafrost evolution as a part of sedimentary basin modeling: permafrost in the Pliocene–Holocene climate history of the Urengoy field in the West Siberian basin

Present-day temperature profile may be used as an important constraint for reconstruction of the thermal regime in sedimentary basin modeling. This type of profile is significantly non-steady state, especially for basins located at high and middle latitudes. However, estimations of past thermal regimes are indefinite and often limited by knowledge of past glaciations and by the simple two-layer model usually employed. In this paper, permafrost modeling was carried out as a continuation of basin modeling of the sedimentary section of Urengoy field of the West Siberian basin (66°N, 77°E). Consideration of surface temperatures beginning with the Triassic, a refined initial temperature distribution, permafrost modeling for the past 3.4 Ma, and use of a real lithological cross section distinguish this approach from previous studies. Depth and time variations in thermophysical parameters of rocks (heat conductivity, heat capacity, unfrozen water content, salt content, and porosity) had a considerable influence .
Influence of compaction procedure on the mechanical behaviour of an unsaturated compacted clay, Part 1: Wetting and Isotropic Compression

The influence of compaction pressure, compaction water content and type of compaction (static or dynamic) on subsequent soil behaviour during wetting and isotropic loading has been investigated by conducting controlled-suction tests on samples of unsaturated compacted speswhite kaolin. The results are interpreted within the context of an elastoplastic framework for unsaturated soils, to examine which compaction-induced effects can be explained simply by variation in the initial state of the soil and which require that soils produced by different compaction procedures are modelled as fundamentally different materials. The compaction pressure influences initial state, by affecting the initial position of the yield surface, but it also influences, to a limited degree, the positions of the normal compression lines for different values of suction. The compaction water content influences the initial suction, but also has a significant influence (greater than does compaction pressure) on the positions of the nor.