Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surfactant proteins analysis in perinatal deceased preterm twins among the Romanian population

The molecular basis of the evaluation of children suspected of having disorders of surfactant proteins is still under discussion. In this study, we aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of surfactant proteins (surfactant protein A [SPA], surfactant protein B, and pro-surfactant protein C) in the preterm twins that deceased due to unexplained respiratory distress syndrome (n = 12). Results showed statistically significant positive correlations between surfactant protein B expressions and pulmonary hemorrhage (ρ = 0.678; P < .05), SPA levels, and Apgar score (ρ = 0.605; P < .05) and also expressions of SPA and bronchopneumonia (ρ = 0.695; P < .05). The fetuses and neonates of the same gestational age showed differences among surfactant proteins regarding the immunostaining expression. Our data evidence a marked interindividual variability in the expression of all 3 surfactant proteins among the cases analyzed (n = 12), suggesting the intervention of some individual and epigenetic factors during gestation that might influence surfactant protein production and consequently survival rate.
The effect of socioeconomic status on mortality among Alzheimer’s disease patients: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea

To investigate the effects of household income level on all-cause mortality in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Data was obtained from 7,937 participants in the Korean National Health Insurance cohort who was newly diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease using the anti-dementia medication between 2003 and 2013. All individuals were followed-up until December 2013 or death, whichever came first. Individual income was estimated from the national health insurance premium. Information on mortality was obtained from the Korean National Statistical Office. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare mortality rates between different income groups after adjusting for possible confounding risk factors. Of 7937 participants, 2292 AD patients (28.9%) died. Those with low, middle-low, middle income level were likely to have more increasing risk of mortality (HR 1.142 [1.022–1.276], HR 1.211 [1.045–1.402], and HR 1.158 [1.009–1.328], respectively), compared to those with high income level. The findings of this study indicate that AD patients with low income level have higher risk for mortality. Promotion of targeted policies and priority support for these groups may help reduce the mortality rate in this vulnerable group.
Control, anxiety and test performance: Self-reported and physiological indicators of anxiety as mediators.

BACKGROUND This study investigated the role of different test anxiety components (affective, cognitive, motivational and physiological) as mediators between control and performance as proposed by Pekrun's control-value theory (CVT). While all components were assessed via self-report, the physiological component was additionally assessed via electrodermal activity (EDA). AIMS We examined the relative impact of the self-reported anxiety components and EDA in this mediating mechanism to identify the most relevant assessment(s) (i.e., self-reported anxiety components and/or EDA) for predicting test performance. SAMPLE The study comprised 50 eighth graders. METHODS Data were collected during a mathematics test comprising six task blocks. State self-reports of control and anxiety components along with test performance and other test emotions were collected block-wise (i.e., repeated assessments within students). EDA was continuously recorded. RESULTS Consistent with CVT, intra-individual mediation analysis with multiple mediators revealed that higher control predicted lower anxiety (i.e., all self-reported components). Unexpectedly, higher control was associated with increased EDA. Follow-up analyses taking other test emotions into account suggested this might reflect positive activation. Correlations between EDA and control and self-reported anxiety components differed depending on which test emotion was dominant in each situation. Regarding test performance, only the cognitive component was a significant mediator and thus seems to play a pivotal role in the relationship between control and performance. CONCLUSIONS Distinguishing between anxiety components and including unbiased physiological measures improve our understanding of the mechanisms behind the relationship between test anxiety and performance. Higher physiological arousal may be a sign of anxiety but can also be a sign of positive activation. When aiming to reduce negative effects of anxiety on performance, targeting the cognitive component seems crucial. Implications of these findings for educational and psychological practice are discussed.
A call to action: direct access to physical therapy is highly successful in the US military. When will professional bodies, legislatures, and payors provide the same advantages to all US civilian physical therapists?

ABSTRACT Objectives In 2000, the American PT Association (APTA) published its Vision statement advocating for DA (DA) to PT. This narrative review of the literature aims to identify the current state of DA in the United States (US) and compare that status to the US Military. Methods Initial PubMed search in the English language with keywords physical therapy (PT), physiotherapy, DA, self-referral, and primary contact from the year 2000 onwards with subsequent focused searches using keywords DA/self-referral/primary contact of physical therapists/physiotherapists on outcomes/autonomous practice/economic impact/patient satisfaction yielded 103 applicable studies on the topic. This paper excluded 40 international articles to focus on US military and civilian research. Results Current literature supports Physical Therapists (PTs) in an initial contact role based on patient safety, satisfaction, access to care, efficiency, healthcare utilization, and potential cost savings. Conclusions Despite its success in the US Military, DA to PT in the US civilians remains limited and incomplete. PTs still await unrestricted DA and privileges associated with autonomous practice including the ability to order imaging and prescribe some medications.
Choosing the Right Treatment in Patients with Lupus Nephritis.

Case Presentation The case is a 33-year-old woman who has relapsed lupus nephritis and heavy proteinuria. She first presented 2 years ago with microscopic hematuria, urine protein-creatinine ratio of 0.9 g/g, serum creatinine of 2.1 mg/dl, eGFR531 ml/min per 1.73 m, albumin of 33 g/L, high anti-dsDNA, and low C3, with no extrarenal lupus manifestation. Kidney biopsy showed class 4 lupus nephritis with a modified National Institutes of Health (NIH) activity score of ten and a chronicity score of one. She responded well to treatment with methylprednisone (0.5 g/d intravenously for 2 days) followed by oral prednisolone, the Euro-Lupus cyclophosphamide regimen, and then mycophenolate, with complete resolution of proteinuria and hematuria and improved serum creatinine and eGFR to 1.2 mg/ dl and 61 ml/min per 1.73 m, respectively. AntidsDNA level decreased but remained low-titer positive, and C3 remained subnormal. Prednisolone was tapered off after 20 months. She is taking mycophenolate mofetil 500 mg twice daily and hydroxychloroquine 200 mg daily and has noticed ankle swelling for 2 weeks. Anti-dsDNA has increased, and C3 has decreased. Urine protein-creatinine ratio and serum creatinine have increased to 4.6 g/g and 3.3 mg/dl, respectively, with eGFR518 ml/min per 1.73 m. Repeat kidney biopsy shows classes 4 and 5 lupus nephritis with a modified NIH activity score of nine and a chronicity score of five. How should one treat the relapsed lupus nephritis?
Pathological substrate of memory impairment in multiple system atrophy

Synaptic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease is caused by propagation of pathogenic α‐synuclein between neurons. Previously, in multiple system atrophy (MSA), pathologically characterised by ectopic deposition of abnormal α‐synuclein predominantly in oligodendrocytes, we demonstrated that the occurrence of memory impairment was associated with the number of α‐synuclein‐positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) in the hippocampus. In the present study, we aimed to investigate how abnormal α‐synuclein in the hippocampus can lead to memory impairment.
$L^p$-nuclear pseudo-differential operators on $\mathbb {Z}$ and $\mathbb {S}^1$

Conditions for pseudo-differential operators from L1(Z) into L2(Z) and from L1(S) into L2(S) to be nuclear are presented for 1 ≤ p1, p2 <∞. In the cases when p1 = p2, the trace formulas are given. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 47G30; Secondary 47G10
Genomic annotation and molecular evolution of monkeypox virus outbreak in 2022

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has generally circulated in West and Central Africa since its emergence. Recently, sporadic MPXV infections in several nonendemic countries have attracted widespread attention. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis of the recent outbreak of MPXV‐2022, including its genomic annotation and molecular evolution. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the MPXV‐2022 strains belong to the same lineage of the MPXV strain isolated in 2018. However, compared with the MPXV strain in 2018, in total 46 new consensus mutations were observed in the MPXV‐2022 strains, including 24 nonsynonymous mutations. By assigning mutations to 187 proteins encoded by the MPXV genome, we found that 10 proteins in the MPXV are more prone to mutation, including D2L‐like, OPG023, OPG047, OPG071, OPG105, OPG109, A27L‐like, OPG153, OPG188, and OPG210 proteins. In the MPXV‐2022 strains, four and three nucleotide substitutions are observed in OPG105 and OPG210, respectively. Overall, our studies illustrated the genome evolution of the ongoing MPXV outbreak and pointed out novel mutations as a reference for further studies.
Colorectal cancer chemoprevention: is aspirin still in the game?

ABSTRACT Screening strategies have demonstrated their potential for decreasing the incidence and mortality of cancers, particularly that of colorectal cancer (CRC). Another strategy that has been developed to reduce CRC occurrence is the use of chemoprevention agents. Among them, aspirin is the most promising. Aspirin acts in colorectal tumourigenesis through several mechanisms, either directly in tumor cells or in their microenvironment, such as through its anti-inflammatory activity or its effect on the modulation of platelet function. Many retrospective studies, as well as follow-up of large cohorts from trials with primary cardiovascular end points, have shown that long-term treatment with daily low-dose aspirin decreases the incidence of adenomas and colorectal cancers. Therefore, aspirin is currently recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) for primary prevention of CRC in all patients aged 50 to 59 with a 10-y risk of cardiovascular events greater than 10%. Furthermore, several studies have also reported that long-term aspirin treatment taking after CRC resection decreases recurrence risk and increases overall survival, especially in patients with PIK3CA-mutated tumors. This review summarizes current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms of aspirin chemoprevention, discusses the primary clinical results on CRC prevention and highlights the potential biomarkers identified to predict aspirin efficacy.
Buccally Absorbed Cannabidiol Shows Significantly Superior Pain Control and Improved Satisfaction Immediately After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded, Randomized Trial

Background: Despite the widespread use and sales of cannabidiol (CBD) products in the United States, there is a paucity of literature to evaluate its effectiveness, safety, or ideal route of administration for postoperative pain. Purpose: To evaluate the potential analgesic effects of buccally absorbed CBD in patients who have undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: This was a US Food and Drug Administration–sanctioned, multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded trial conducted in patients undergoing ARCR. Patients aged from 18 to 75 years undergoing ARCR were prospectively enrolled and randomized to the control and experimental groups. The experimental group received an oral, buccally absorbed tablet containing 25 mg of CBD 3 times a day if <80 kg, or 50 mg of CBD 3 times a day if >80 kg, for 14 days postoperatively, while the control group received an identical placebo. Patients were followed up on days 1, 2, 7, and 14, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain scores, opioid consumption, and satisfaction with pain control were recorded. Additionally, liver function tests were conducted on days 7 and 14 to assess safety, and nausea was monitored. P < . 05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Overall, 100 patients were recruited, with 1 patient being excluded, for a total of 99 patients. There were no significant differences in patient demographics between the 2 groups. On day 1, the VAS pain score was significantly lower in the CBD group than in the control group (4.4 ± 3.1 vs 5.7 ± 3.2, respectively; P = .04), although this difference was no longer present on day 2 (4.7 ± 2.8 vs 5.3 ± 2.6, respectively; P = .32). On both days 1 and 2, patient satisfaction with pain control was significantly higher in the CBD group than in the control group (day 1: 7.0 ± 3.0 vs 5.6 ± 3.7, respectively [P = .04]; day 2: 7.3 ± 2.5 vs 6.0 ± 3.3, respectively [P = .03]). The quantity of opioids consumed was low in both groups, and there were no statistically significant differences in opioid consumption (P > .05). On days 7 and 14, there were no statistically significant differences in VAS scores, opioid consumption, or patient satisfaction with pain control between the CBD and control groups (P > .05 for all). There were no significant differences in liver function test results postoperatively (P > .05). Conclusion: Buccally absorbed CBD demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and showed significant promise in the reduction of pain in the immediate perioperative period after ARCR compared with the control. Further studies are currently ongoing to confirm dosing and effectiveness in other orthopaedic conditions. Registration: NCT04672252 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Generalized Linear Models and Extensions

From the first edition: Introduction Origins and motivation Notational conventions Applied or theoretical? Road map PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS Generalized Linear Models Components Assumptions Exponential family Example: Using an offset in a GLM Summary GLM Estimation Algorithms Newton-Raphson Starting values for Newton-Raphson Fisher scoring Starting values for IRLS Goodness of fit Estimated variance matrices Estimation algorithms Summary Analysis of Fit Deviance Diagnostics Assessing the link function Checks for systematic departure from the model Residual analysis Model statistics PART II: CONTINUOUS RESPONSE MODELS The Gaussian Family Derivation of the GLM Gaussian family Derivation in terms of the mean IRLS GLM algorithm (non-binomial) Maximum likelihood estimation GLM log-normal models Expected versus observed information matrix Other Gaussian links Example: Relation to OLS The Gamma Family Derivation of the gamma model Example: Reciprocal link Maximum likelihood estimation Log-gamma models Identity-gamma models Using the gamma model for survival analysis The Inverse Gaussian Family Derivation of the inverse Gaussian model The inverse Gaussian algorithm Maximum likelihood algorithm Example: The canonical inverse Gaussian Non-canonical links The Power Family and Link Power links Example: Power link The power family PART III: BINOMIAL RESPONSE MODELS The Binomial-Logit Family Derivation of the binomial model Derivation of the Bernoulli model The binomial regression algorithm Example: Logistic regression Goodness-of-fit statistics Interpretation of parameter estimates The General Binomial Family Non-canonical binomial models Non-canonical binomial links (binary form) The probit model The complementary log-log and log-log models Other links Interpretation of coefficients The Problem of Overdispersion Overdispersion Scaling of standard errors Williams' procedure Robust standard errors PART IV: COUNT RESPONSE MODELS The Poisson Family Count response regression models Derivation of the Poisson algorithm Poisson regression: Examples Example: Testing overdispersion in the Poisson model Using the Poisson model for survival analysis Using offsets to compare models Interpretation of coefficients The Negative Binomial Family Constant overdispersion Variable overdispersion The log-negative binomial parameterization Negative binomial examples The geometric family Generalized negative binomial Interpretation of coefficients PART V: MULTINOMIAL RESPONSE MODELS The Ordered Response Family Ordered outcomes for general link Ordered logit Ordered probit Generalized ordered logit Example: Synthetic data Example: Automobile data Unordered Response Family The multinomial logit model The multinomial probit model PART VI: EXTENSIONS TO THE GLM Extending the Likelihood The quasi-likelihood Example: Wedderburn's leaf blotch data Generalized additive models Clustered Data Generalization from individual to clustered data Pooled estimators PART VII: STATA SOFTWARE Programs for Stata Syntax Syntax for predict Description Options User-written programs Remarks Tables References Author Index Subject Index
Proximal fibular osteotomy relieves pain in spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee: A retrospective study

Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) causes knee pain and joint motion limitation. Ischemia or insufficiency fracture may be the cause, but no consensus has been developed. Proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO) has been reported to relieve pain from osteoarthritis through medial compartment decompression. We reviewed the effect of this procedure on medial compartment SONK patients and explored clinical and radiological results. Since January 2018 to January 2020, the data of 12 knees (8 right and 4 left) from 11 SONK patients (9 women and 2 men) who received PFO were analyzed. The average age was 61.5 years. The diagnosis of SONK was established through weight-bearing anterior–posterior radiographs or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oxford knee score (OKS), Femorotibial angle (FTA), medial joint space, and lateral joint space were documented preoperatively and at follow up visits. Outcome assessment for the clinical and radiographic data was reviewed at 12- and 24-month follow-up visits. The mean follow up period was 33 months. All patients were able to walk with or without cane assistance the day after surgery. Both VAS score and OKS (preoperative: 6.6 ± 0.9 and 24.7 ± 3.8, respectively) improved significantly at the 12-month follow-up, and to 24-month follow-up (3.6 ± 1.3 and 35.6 ± 4.5, respectively, P < .05). Medial joint space ratio increased from 0.36 to 0.50 (P < .05). Changes of FTA were insignificant at any point of follow up. Four patients underwent follow-up MRI, and a decrease in the osteonecrotic area was clearly observed in 2 patients. By achieving medial knee decompression, PFO allowed quick weight-bearing recovery, pain relief, and improvement in knee function in SONK patients.
Fortified Balanced Energy-Protein Supplementation, Maternal Anemia, and Gestational Weight Gain: A Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial among Pregnant Women in Rural Burkina Faso

ABSTRACT Background Anemia and suboptimal gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with adverse maternal and birth outcomes. Limited research indicates that balanced energy-protein (BEP) supplements reduce the incidence of inadequate GWG. Objectives We assessed the efficacy of a micronutrient-fortified BEP supplement on the secondary outcomes of anemia, GWG, GWG rate, and GWG in relation to the Institute of Medicine (IOM)’s recommendations, as compared with an iron–folic acid (IFA) tablet. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial in Burkina Faso, among pregnant women (15–40 y old) enrolled at <21 weeks of gestation. Women received either BEP and IFA (intervention) or IFA (control). Hemoglobin (g/dL) concentrations were measured at baseline and the third antenatal care visit (ANC), whereas maternal weight was measured at baseline and all subsequent ∼7-weekly ANCs. GWG (kg) was calculated as a woman's last weight measurement (at ∼36 weeks of gestation) minus weight at enrollment, whereas GWG rate (kg/wk) was GWG divided by the time between the first and last weight measurements. GWG adequacy (%) was computed as GWG divided by the IOM's recommendation. Binary outcomes included severely inadequate, inadequate, and excessive GWG. Statistical analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle. Linear regression and probability models were fitted for the continuous and binary outcomes, respectively, adjusting for baseline measurements. Results Women in the BEP group tended to have higher, but nonsignificantly different, GWG (0.28 kg; 95% CI: −0.05, 0.58 kg; P = 0.099). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in prenatal anemia prevalence, GWG rate, GWG adequacy, or incidence of inadequate or excessive GWG. Findings were robust to model adjustments and complete case and per protocol analyses. Conclusions This trial does not provide evidence that fortified BEP supplementation reduces maternal anemia or increases GWG, as compared with IFA. In conjunction with the small, but positive, effects of maternal BEP supplementation on birth outcomes, our findings warrant the investigation of additional biochemical and postnatal outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03533712.
Effect of Qishen granules on isoproterenol‐induced chronic heart failure in rats evaluated by comprehensive metabolomics

Qishen granules (QSG), a Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used in the treatment of myocardial ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF) for many years, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, comprehensive metabolomics was used to investigate the underlying protective mechanisms of QSG in an isoproterenol‐induced CHF rat model. A total of 14 biomarkers were identified in serum and 34 biomarkers in urine, which were mainly related to fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin metabolism, and inflammation. Finally, 22 markers were selected for quantitative analysis of serum, urine, and fecal samples to verify the reliability of the results of untargeted metabolomics, and the results were similar to those of untargeted metabolomics. The correlation analysis showed that the targeted quantitative endogenous metabolites and CHF‐related indexes were closely related. QSG might alleviate myocardial inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and amino acid metabolism disorder in CHF by regulating the level of endogenous metabolites. This study revealed QSG could regulate potential biomarkers and correlated metabolic pathway, which provided support for the further application of QSG.