Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 Mandatory Social Isolation on the Development of Anxiety in Peruvian Dentistry Students: A Logistic Regression Analysis

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated much concern worldwide. Due to its high transmissibility, many young university students have had to carry out their academic activities in mandatory social isolation, which could generate excessive anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiety levels in Peruvian dentistry students developed during COVID-19 mandatory social isolation. Materials and Methods: An analytical, observational, and transversal study was carried out in 403 dentistry students in the last two years from three Peruvian universities from May to July 2020. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale was used to detect anxiety symptoms and their respective diagnoses. A logit model was used to evaluate the association of the variables: age group (X1), gender (X2), type of university (X3), and marital status (X4), with the anxiety levels of the students, considering a p-value less than 0.05. Results: The prevalence of anxiety resulted in 56.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 51.9–61.7) of 403 dentistry students. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the type of university was the only variable that demonstrated to have a significant influence on the development of anxiety with an odds ratio (OR = 1.98; CI: 1.29–3.02); whereas the other variables such as age group (OR = 0.77; CI: 0.49–1.20), gender (OR = 1.15; CI: 0.72–1.84), and marital status (OR = 0.75; CI: 0.35–1.60) were not considered factors that influenced the development of anxiety. Conclusion: More than a half of the Peruvian dentistry students from three universities showed mild-to-severe anxiety levels. Students from a private university have a 98% higher chance of developing anxiety in comparison to students from public universities. Other variables such as gender, age group, or marital status were not considered influencing factors to develop anxiety.
Vasorelaxant and antioxidant activity of some medicinal plants from Campeche, Mexico

Context: Brosimum alicastrum, Cnidoscolus chayamansa, Tradescantia spathacea, Turnera diffusa, Manilkara zapota, and Jatropha gaumeri are medicinal plants recognized in Mexican Mayan Culture. Aim: Methanol leaves extracts of these plants were use as raw material to develop a phytochemical, spectroscopy, and pharmacological analysis. Subjects and Methods: Methanol maceration was carried out and were compared in terms of yield extraction, chlorophyll, simple phenolic and flavonoids content, antioxidant activity (DPPH and β-Carotene bleaching models), as well as isolated aorta rings (E+), precontracted with noradrenaline. Results: Best content of simple phenolic and flavonoids compounds was recorder in B. alicastrum, J. gaumeri and T. diffusa. J. gaumeri extract exert an antioxidant (β-carotene bleaching: EC50: 0.8 ± 0.1 μg/mL, Emax: 85.7% ± 0.4%; DPPH: EC50: 60.3 ± 1.8 μg/mL, Emax: 60.4% ± 1.8%; P < 0.05) and vasorelaxant (EC50: 161.61 ± 7.45 μg/mL; Emax: 79.71% ± 3.88%; P < 0.05) activity in a concentration dependent-manner. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis allowed estimating a 1.26 and 2.28% of quercetin (Q) and gallic acid (GA) in J. gaumeri. GA exerts antioxidant activity in DPPH model (EC50: 1.6 ± 0.2 μg/mL; Emax: 92.9% ± 3.3%) and Q/GA (1:2) mixture improves inhibition of β-carotene bleaching (EC50: 0.005 ± 0.005 μg/mL; Emax: 69.2% ± 0.7%; P < 0.05). Conclusion: J. gaumeri is a medicinal plant employed in Mayan traditional medicine and GA and Q could be related to traditional uses, as well as responsible for the pharmacological effects. GA and Q interactions improve inhibition β-Carotene bleaching activity, which suggests greater solubility in lipophilic systems and potential interactions at the plasma membrane level.
A second opinion pathology review improves the diagnostic concordance between prostate cancer biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens

Objectives: The Gleason scoring system is an essential tool for determining the treatment strategy in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the Gleason grade group (GGG) often differs between needle-core biopsy (NCB) and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. We investigated the diagnostic value of a second opinion pathology review using NCB specimens in PCa. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 882 patients who underwent robot-assisted RP from January 2012 to September 2019. Of these, patients whose original biopsy specimens were obtained from another hospital and reviewed by the urological pathology expert at our institution were included in the study. Patients who received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy were excluded from the study. Weighted kappa (k) coefficients were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each review. Results: A total of 497 patients were included in this study. Substantial agreement (weighted k = 0.783) in the GGG between initial- and second-opinion diagnoses based on NCB specimens was observed in 310 cases (62.4%). Although diagnoses based on a single opinion showed moderate agreement with the GGG of RP specimens (initial: 35.2%, weighted k = 0.522; second opinion; 38.8%, weighted k = 0.560), matching initial and second opinion diagnoses improved the concordance (42.9%, 133/310 cases) to substantial agreement (weighted k = 0.626). Conclusions: A second opinion of PCa pathology helps to improve the diagnostic accuracy of NCB specimens. However, over half of diagnoses that matched between the initial and second opinions differed from the diagnosis of RP specimens.
Predictors of post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy sepsis: The Northern Malaysian experience

Objectives: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) carries a small risk of postoperative sepsis due to the liberation of bacteria into the patients' bloodstream during stone fragmentation. The study aims to identify the incidence of post-PCNL sepsis in our center, as well as to delineate perioperative characteristics associated with increased rates of sepsis. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review on all PCNLs performed in our center between July 2012 and June 2017, with emphasis on preoperative urine results, intra-operative findings, and postoperative septic complications. Results: Among 425 cases of PCNL performed, 16 (3.76%) developed sepsis postoperatively. Patients with positive preoperative urine cultures were almost four times as likely to develop post-PCNL sepsis compared to those with negative cultures (8.41% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.004). Among patients with positive urine leukocytes and positive urine cultures, the presence of Staghorn calculi and multiple PCNL punctures both predicted significantly higher risks of postoperative sepsis. In contrast, diabetes mellitus and preoperative stenting were not found to be associated with a greater risk of post-PCNL sepsis. Conclusions: Patients who had positive preoperative urine leukocytes and/or cultures, and either harbor Staghorn calculi or are deemed to require more than one puncture on PCNL, were at an increased risk of developing post-PCNL sepsis. Such at-risk patients should be identified preoperatively, given aggressive perioperative antibiotic treatment, and monitored closely for septic complications during the convalescence period.
A Background-Agnostic Framework With Adversarial Training for Abnormal Event Detection in Video

Abnormal event detection in video is a complex computer vision problem that has attracted significant attention in recent years. The complexity of the task arises from the commonly-adopted definition of an abnormal event, that is, a rarely occurring event that typically depends on the surrounding context. Following the standard formulation of abnormal event detection as outlier detection, we propose a background-agnostic framework that learns from training videos containing only normal events. Our framework is composed of an object detector, a set of appearance and motion auto-encoders, and a set of classifiers. Since our framework only looks at object detections, it can be applied to different scenes, provided that normal events are defined identically across scenes and that the single main factor of variation is the background. This makes our method background agnostic, as we rely strictly on objects that can cause anomalies, and not on the background. To overcome the lack of abnormal data during training, we propose an adversarial learning strategy for the auto-encoders. We create a scene-agnostic set of out-of-domain pseudo-abnormal examples, which are correctly reconstructed by the auto-encoders before applying gradient ascent on the pseudo-abnormal examples. We further utilize the pseudo-abnormal examples to serve as abnormal examples when training appearance-based and motion-based binary classifiers to discriminate between normal and abnormal latent features and reconstructions. Furthermore, to ensure that the auto-encoders focus only on the main object inside each bounding box image, we introduce a branch that learns to segment the main object. We compare our framework with the state-of-the-art methods on four benchmark data sets, using various evaluation metrics. Compared to existing methods, the empirical results indicate that our approach achieves favorable performance on all data sets. In addition, we provide region-based and track-based annotations for two large-scale abnormal event detection data sets from the literature, namely ShanghaiTech and Subway.
Do Remittances Matter for Poverty Reduction in ASEAN?

This study examined the influence of remittances and macro-economic variables on poverty in ASEAN-4 countries (i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines) over the 1991 to 2019 period using a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The study documented that remittance and unemployment have a significant effect on poverty reduction in the long run. Meanwhile, economic growth and the Gini coefficient were found to have an insignificant influence on poverty reduction. The speed of adjustment due to shocks in the short term is restored within eight months into the long-run equilibrium. Our results emphasize that poverty in ASEAN-4 must be addressed with pragmatic macroeconomic policies, especially policies that affect the poor's income. Besides, with the real contribution of remittances, the strengthening of international cooperation related to migrant workers is also essential to alleviate poverty. JEL Classification: F22, F24, I32, J01, O15 How to Cite: Fahrizal, T. , Aliasuddin. , & Majid, M. S. A. (2021). Do Remittances Matter for Poverty Reduction in ASEAN? Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi , 10(1), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i1. 19154.
Reform ripples: The role of recontextualization in scaling up

This paper explores how educational interventions impact the districts they are implemented in above and beyond their intended outcomes. We argue that such unplanned “ripple effects”, in which program elements are recontextualized into other settings, are an important aspect of bringing educational interventions to scale. We analyze these phenomena in one Israeli district in which a teacher leadership and professional learning community initiative has been implemented and rapidly scaled up over the past five years. Extensive longitudinal ethnographic data were collected, including participant-observation in schools, professional development workshops, district management meetings and initiative-related events; 75 interviews with teachers and school and district management; and multiple informal conversations. We identify “ripples” in four arenas, and discuss the importance of individuals as mechanisms for transferring ideas across contexts, the role of ripples in advancing the initiative’s ethos, and the ripples’ long-term sustainability. Our findings suggest more attention should be paid to the impact of educational reforms on meaningful change beyond their original aims and settings. Alongside possible affordances these ripple effects have in the scaling up process, careful consideration should be given to their latent disadvantages, such as obscuring the program’s primary agenda.
The Journal of Physiology https://jp.msubmit.net JP-RP-2017-275715R2 Title: High-precision voluntary movements are largely independent from preceding vertex potentials elicited by sudden sensory events

Author Contribution: Marina Kilintari: Conception or design of the work; Acquisition or analysis or interpretation of data for the work; Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; Final approval of the version to be published; Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work Rory Bufacchi: Acquisition or analysis or interpretation of data for the work; Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; Final approval of the version to be published; Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work Giacomo Novembre: Acquisition or analysis or interpretation of data for the work; Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; Final approval of the version to be published; Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work Yifei Guo: Acquisition or analysis or interpretation of data for the work; Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; Final approval of the version to be published; Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work Patrick Haggard:
Asymmetric Impact of Oil Price on Inflation: Evidence from Nepal

This paper investigates asymmetric oil price pass through on inflation in Nepal using time series data of 331 months from April 1987 to February 2018. The paper applies Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model to estimate long run and short run asymmetric adjustment of refined petroleum products on Consumer Price Index (CPI). Finding shows presence of long run asymmetric adjustment between price of all petroleum products and CPI. However, when the model is controlled for monetary impact and price level of India, only the price of diesel is found to have long run asymmetric pass through into inflation. The long run cointegrating equation shows unit rise in price of diesel is accompanied by small contraction in CPI in long run by -0.048 units. Meanwhile unit fall in price of diesel is shown to have positive long run pass through in CPI by 0.431 units. This apparent anomaly could be attributed to fact that with rise in price of diesel, demand for cheaper adulterant like kerosene increases thus resulting in fall in CPI Similarly, fall in unit price of diesel could have overall increased industrial demand and other resources which in turn led to significant increase in CPI. Meanwhile, study didn’t find any significant asymmetry in short run between CPI and petroleum products. However, in short run a significant impact on the CPI by actual size of increased price of Petrol and Diesel has been found. Hence, in short run, it shows that it is the size of price increase in Petrol and Diesel; not the price itself that has significant effect on the CPI. Since petroleum products in Nepal are not priced by market, these findings can provide guidelines for future oil pricing in reducing the spillover impact on general price level.
Using head mounted display virtual reality simulations in large engineering classes: Operating vs observing

A barrier to using head mounted display (HMD) virtual reality (VR) in education is access to hardware for large classes. This paper compares students’ learning when engaging with an HMD VR simulation as the operator and as the observer, to evaluate whether benefits of HMD VR can be achieved without requiring all students to operate the equipment. Postgraduate engineering students (N = 117) completed a safety hazard identification exercise in a workshop. The performance of students who operated and observed was compared. Results showed that students performed similarly in the exercise that followed the simulation whether they operated HMD VR (n = 33) or observed (n = 84). The finding suggests that educators may be able to use HMD VR simulations in classes with a large enrolment, by reducing the need for investment and management of a large number of sets of HMD VR equipment. Implications for practice or policy: Engineering educators can use HMD VR simulations to teach students about safety in design. Engineering students are able to identify safety hazards in a HMD VR simulation effectively whether they are operating the equipment or observing another student in their group operating the VR equipment. One HMD VR set per student group is sufficient. HMD VR simulations can be used inclusively, even when some students are unable or unwilling to wear the headset.
Are OpenStreetMap building data useful for flood vulnerability modelling?

Abstract. Flood risk modelling aims to quantify the probability of flooding and the resulting consequences for exposed elements. The assessment of flood damage is a core task that requires the description of complex flood damage processes including the influences of flooding intensity and vulnerability characteristics. Multi-variable modelling approaches are better suited for this purpose than simple stage–damage functions. However, multi-variable flood vulnerability models require detailed input data and often have problems in predicting damage for regions other than those for which they have been developed. A transfer of vulnerability models usually results in a drop of model predictive performance. Here we investigate the questions as to whether data from the open-data source OpenStreetMap is suitable to model flood vulnerability of residential buildings and whether the underlying standardized data model is helpful for transferring models across regions. We develop a new data set by calculating numerical spatial measures for residential-building footprints and combining these variables with an empirical data set of observed flood damage. From this data set random forest regression models are learned using regional subsets and are tested for predicting flood damage in other regions. This regional split-sample validation approach reveals that the predictive performance of models based on OpenStreetMap building geometry data is comparable to alternative multi-variable models, which use comprehensive and detailed information about preparedness, socio-economic status and other aspects of residential-building vulnerability. The transfer of these models for application in other regions should include a test of model performance using independent local flood data. Including numerical spatial measures based on OpenStreetMap building footprints reduces model prediction errors (MAE – mean absolute error – by 20 % and MSE – mean squared error – by 25 %) and increases the reliability of model predictions by a factor of 1.4 in terms of the hit rate when compared to a model that uses only water depth as a predictor. This applies also when the models are transferred to other regions which have not been used for model learning. Further, our results show that using numerical spatial measures derived from OpenStreetMap building footprints does not resolve all problems of model transfer. Still, we conclude that these variables are useful proxies for flood vulnerability modelling because these data are consistent (i.e. input variables and underlying data model have the same definition, format, units, etc.) and openly accessible and thus make it easier and more cost-effective to transfer vulnerability models to other regions.
Job Design, Compensation and Commitment of Employee in Service Sector Organizations of Nepal

Gopal Man Pradhan* Abstract This study is based on the impact of Job design and Compensation system on employee commitment of service sectors of Nepal. The variables job design and compensation system are taken as independent variables whereas employee commitment is dependent variable. In this research work it is found that job design and compensation system have positive correlation with employee commitment. However, while analyzing the beta coefficient, it is found that sensitivity to job design is high followed by compensation system for employee commitment. It means that if Nepalese service sector invests a significant amount and effort for development of proper job design and to develop proper compensation system, they can improve employee commitment for accomplishment of assigned job in an effective way.
The influence of internal communication satisfaction on employees’ organisational identification: Effect of perceived organisational support

Abstract Aim/purpose – This paper bases on the social exchange and social identification theories with the purpose of understanding if the internal communication helps to improve organisational identification, supplemented by the effect of perceived organisational support. The exact aim of this research is to gain a better understanding of the internal communication process from the employees’ perspective, and to explore how the satisfaction with internal communication influences employees’ attitudinal and behavioural responses. Specifically, this study tends to examine the effect of the satisfaction with internal communication on organisational identification. Subsequently, it also aims to investigate the mediating role of perceived organisational support. Design/methodology/approach – This study is operationalised through quantitative approach. The hypotheses were tested in a cross-sectional survey which was completed by 132 employees working in a variety of jobs and organisations in Portugal, mostly in the sector of transportations and storage. The research focused on employee satisfaction with the internal communication of the organisation for which they are working, measured with the Internal Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire. The research model was analysed using SmartPLS, a structural equation modelling tool. Findings – The results suggest that the importance of how an organisation communicates internally is important to encourage the employees’ organisational identification. The results indicate also that there is a significant relationship between satisfaction with internal communication and perceived organisational support which mediates the relationship of internal communication and organisational identification. Research implications/limitations – This research is cross-sectional, which limits the causality of its findings. Additionally, the use of filter-question caused a significant reduction in the reached sample size. Originality/value/contribution – This paper addresses the internal communication to investigate the employee-based perceptions. It proposes a conceptual model and supports it with empirical findings. As a result, this study addresses concerns that are the current management fads and addresses the research gap, as only a few empirical studies have previously examined the internal communication as an antecedent of organisational identification.