Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL COMPARISON OF INTELLIGENCE OF POLISH AND AMERICAN CHILDRENS OF MIDCHILDHOOD

The present study is devoted to the examination of the factor structure of intelligence measured with WISC and WISC-R derived from the testing of the sample of Polish children. The differences in the structure of intelligence that was measured with WISC and WISC-R (developed by Pietrulewicz) were investigated for a group of 30 Polish fourth-grade students (mean age 10.6). Consistent with the results of a number of other investigations, the results of this study demonstrate the considerable factorial similarity of two scales derived through the use of WISC and WISC-R and these results appear to be consistent with the results of American studies that indicate the superiority of the two-factor solution with non-Anglo-American children. Consistent with American findings, the WISC Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs were higher than those on the WISC-R. On both measures, structural results favor for two-factor solution, which approximates Wechsler’s Verbal and Performance scales. A third factor, failed to simulate Freedom from Distractibility, accounted for approximately 10% of the explained variance. On this factor, Coding was heavily weighted, but Arithmetic and Digit Span loadings ranged from modest to negative. Results provide support for the application of the Wechsler intelligence tests for children in cross-cultural settings and for interpreting the third factor according to the dynamics of specific cultures. Today WISC-R continue to be applied still in Poland for diagnostic and research purposes. Despite limitations of the present study which include the small sample size and the restriction of demographic information to rural-urban differences the results of the present study indicate that replicative studies may clarify further the characteristics of the third factor with varying populations and cultures, while still generating hypotheses with regard to formulations for enhancing learning opportunities for individual children irrespective of their ethnicity or ecological backgrounds.
Characterization of components of the ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathway in the ovaries of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

A blood meal induces the ovaries of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to produce ecdysteroid hormones that regulate many processes required for egg maturation. Various proteins involved in the intracellular transport and biosynthesis of ecdysteroid precursors have been identified by analysis of Drosophila melanogaster mutants and by biochemical and molecular techniques in other insects. To begin examining these processes in mosquito ovaries, complete cDNAs were cloned for putative orthologs of diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), StAR-related lipid transfer domain containing protein (Start1), aldo/keto reductase (A/KR), adrenodoxin reductase (AR), and the cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP302a1 (22-hydroxylase), CYP315a1 (2hydroxylase) and CYP314a1 (20-hydroxylase). As shown by RT-PCR, transcripts for all seven genes were present in ovaries and other tissues both before and following a blood meal. Expression of these genes likely supports the low level of ecdysteroids produced in vitro (7-10 pg /tissue/ 6 h) by tissues other than ovaries. Ovaries from females not blood fed and up to 6 h post blood meal (PBM) also produced low amounts of ecdysteroids in vitro, but by 18 h and 30 h PBM, ecdysteroid production was greatly increased (75-106 pg /ovary pair/ 6 h) and thereafter (48 and 72 h PBM) returned to low levels. As determined by real-time PCR analysis, gene transcript abundance for AedaeCYP302 and AedaeCYP315a1 was significantly greater (9 and 12 fold, respectively) in ovaries during peak ecdysteroid production relative to that in ovaries from females not blood fed or 2 h PBM. AedaeStart1, AedaeA/KR and AedaeAR also had high transcript levels in ovaries during peak ecdysteroid production, and AedaeDBI transcripts had the greatest increase at 48 h PBM. In contrast, gene transcription of AedaeCYP314a1 decreased PBM. This study shows for the first time that transcription of a few key genes for proteins
New Behavioral, Ecological, and Biogeographic Data On the Montane Avifauna of Kolombangara, Solomon Islands

ABSTRACT. — We report new observational and specimen data on the avifauna of Kolombangara, Western Province, Solomon Islands. These data, collected from 3–9 October 1974 and 13–21 May 2004, and supplemented with more recent observations, represent the first comprehensive survey of this globally significant island since 1927. All encounters of montane species are reported along with select species accounts for notable lower-elevation species. Numerous observations presented here suggest avifauna even more unique than previously reported. For example, we confirm a probable resident form of Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) and report the first observations and collected materials for a Blue-faced Parrotfinch (Erythrura trichroa) from Kolombangara. We observed all of the island's high-elevation endemics and found their relative abundances and patterns of occurrence to be consistent with those of an intact montane avifauna. Our findings suggest that despite large-scale modification of lowland habitat, montane forests on Kolombangara still maintain the full complement of endemic and other high elevation species described nearly 100 years ago, along with several additional taxa not previously recorded. However, incidental evidence suggests that forest change in the lowlands is impacting montane microclimates as indicated by extensive drying of epiphytic mosses at high elevations. Along with more recent collection of undescribed anurans, these findings confirm the global conservation significance of the montane forests and biodiversity on Kolombangara.
Adhesion of Ice to Concrete: Bonds and their Influence on Abrasion Mechanisms

Maintenance and repair of ice-worn concrete structures in marine environments are ongoing challenges. Practical solutions for reducing ice-wear for large-scale applications have had marginal success rates to date. We still do not really know the relative degrees of abrasion caused by mechanical wear, freeze-thaw cycling, pore water pressure, or seawater chemical effects. What is happening at the interface between ice and concrete and is there a link between wear and adhesion processes? Many studies have examined ice and concrete adhesion: twist, push and pull tests on concrete piles frozen into ice; direct shear tests of ice on concrete; and investigations into the frictional wear of concrete by ice. How do contact mechanics influence the shear and tensile adhesion bonds between these two substances? This paper outlines a programme that seeks to inform not only our knowledge of adhesion loading, but also how adhesion may influence the initial high rate of wear that is common to ice abrasion of concrete. The presented test programme is using a suite of methodologies to examine ice-concrete adhesion. Three approaches are outlined, with an eye towards answering the questions above, for a comprehensive evaluation of ice-concrete adhesion bonding.
Constructing and investigating a model of the energy entropy dynamics of organizations

Energy entropy is the "highest" indicator of the state of an organization, developing the ideas of efficiency and value. The integrity of energy entropy implies taking into consideration the level of order in an organization (information entropy) along with the ability to "release" effectively the energy for useful work. Versatility is ensured by the independence on a kind of activity of an organization. The formalization of energy entropy of organizations was proposed. According to the proposed approach, energy entropy is determined by an increase in total energy and its comparison with the "ideal" option; the level of free energy and information entropy that reflects the ability of the organization’s structure to ensure certain results. Incoming and outgoing (free) energy are considered as the main parameters of the organization’s state. Their combination determines the growth of energy, a set of possible combinations – information entropy. The scheme of changes in time of the main "energy parameters" of an organization (total energy, free energy, incoming energy) was identified. Two main variants of energy increase dynamics – uniform growth and growth with acceleration (slowdown) were represented. Experimental studies, which involved considering the most possible variants of dynamics of influencing parameters, were carried out. The effect of different combinations of their dynamics (simultaneous growth/decrease, growth/decrease at different rates) on the dynamics of energy entropy was analyzed. It was established that an increase in a share of free energy does not provide an outflow of energy entropy without reducing a degree of uncertainty of the results expressed in a decrease in information entropy. Conclusions about the necessary dynamics of influencing parameters to ensure the vital activity of an organization according to the energy entropy concept were made
Coconut Coir and Peat Biocontainers Influence Plant Growth Retardant Drench Efficacy

We evaluated the effects of seven types of 4.5-inch top-diameter biocontainers and five rates of paclobutrazol drench on the growth and development of angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia ‘Serena White’) and petunia (Petunia ×hybrida ‘Wave® Purple Improved Prostrate’) during greenhouse production. The container types included were biopolyurethane-coated paper fiber; uncoated paper fiber; rice hull; coconut coir; peat; two types of bioplastic container, one made from 90% polylactic acid (PLA) and 10% lignin [PLA-lignin (90/10 by weight)] and another made from 60% PLA and 40% soy polymer with adipic anhydride {SP.A [PLA-SP.A]; (60/40 by weight)}; and a petroleum-based plastic control. All containers were filled with 590 mL of substrate composed of (by vol) 75% canadian sphagnum moss and 25% perlite. Ten days after transplanting seedlings, 2-fl oz aliquots of deionized water containing 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg·L−1 paclobutrazol were applied to the substrate surface as drenches. The date of anthesis was recorded for each plant, and growth data were collected 6 weeks after transplant. Shoots were harvested and dried and shoot dry weight (SDW) was recorded. Height (angelonia only) and diameter of angelonia and petunia and time to flower were calculated. Container type and paclobutrazol concentration interacted to affect size and SDW of angelonia and petunia. Growth index of angelonia treated with 0 mg·L−1 paclobutrazol and grown in coir and peat containers was 19% to 29% and 29% to 38% smaller than that of plants in other container types, respectively. Diameter of untreated petunia grown in peat containers was similar to that of those grown in coir and uncoated paper fiber containers, but was smaller (10.9 to 13.5 cm) than that of plants grown in other container types. As paclobutrazol concentrations increased from 0 to 20 mg·L−1 treatments, SDWs of petunia grown in coir containers were suppressed by 23%, whereas plants grown in rice hull containers were up to 45% less. Our results indicate that growth suppression of angelonia and petunia grown in biocontainers using paclobutrazol drenches varies by the type of biocontainer. Producers should reduce paclobutrazol drench concentrations to produce plants of appropriate size if substituting coir or peat biocontainers for traditional petroleum plastics, whereas no adjustment in plant growth retardant (PGR) drench concentrations is required for plants produced in the other biocontainer types we evaluated.
Phytopathology

but all American, English, German, and French work up to I925 (when the Russian edition was published) with no notable exceptions has been taken into account, and the more important work even up to I928 has been included in most phases of the subject. The result is an up-to-date, authoritative presentation of an important phase of plant physiology and ecology, with many practical applications suggested in the field of drought resistance. An extensive bibliography is appended and an excellent index. -H. S.
Kinetic parameters identification of conductive enhanced hot air drying process of food waste

The efficient utilization of waste from food industry is possible after thermal treatment of the material. This treatment should be economically feasible and compromise the energy efficient drying process. The main goal of this investigation is to determine drying characteristics of nectarine pomace as a waste from food industry. The measurements were performed in an experimental dryer by combined conductive-convective drying method with disk-shaped samples of 5, 7 and 10mm thickness and 100 mm in diameter at the air temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70oC, hot plate temperatures of 50, 60 an 70oC and air velocity of 1.5 m/s. The drying curves were compared to a few semi-theoretical mathematical models. The Logarithmic model showed the best correspondence. On the basis of experiments, it is determined that the drying process takes place in a falling rate period and it is accepted that the main mechanism of moisture removal is diffusion. The effective coefficient of diffusion was determined using experimental results by calculating the slope of the drying curves. Drying time and equilibrium moisture are determined for each experiment. Analysis of drying curves showed that the conductive-enhanced drying method reduces drying times and increases the diffusivity coefficient. The character of drying rate curves for conductive-enhanced drying was analyzed and compared with pure convective drying of nectarine pomace.
Women Ascending to Leadership Positions in Rural Nonprofit Organizations

This study investigates women’s experiences as they ascended to leadership roles in nonprofit organizations in rural communities, primarily in East Texas. The aim of this study is to understand the lived experiences of women in top management as they ascend into leadership positions, as the characteristics and experiences of effective leaders in rural nonprofits may differ from those of urban nonprofit agencies. There is limited research regarding women’s leadership experiences in rural nonprofit organizations. Using a phenomenological inquiry approach, we interviewed 32 women currently serving in leadership roles in rural nonprofit organizations. The research question guiding this phenomenological study was: What are female leaders’ lived experiences as they ascend to leadership positions? The interviews were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data. A total of 155 emergent themes were extracted by triangulation. After the major themes were extracted, 17 selective themes were identified based on leadership. The selective themes were condensed to three themes: 1) Leadership ascension, with six sub-themes of experience, micro-aggression, support, mentoring, training, and networking; 2) Leadership attributes; and 3) Leadership longevity. Despite the small number of participants, this in-depth study highlights the lived experiences of women leaders, providing a platform for further exploration into these experiences, especially in rural settings. Women in this study did not have an intentional leadership trajectory but rather were promoted within the organization. We found that gender impacts women’s leadership experiences. We also found that relational leadership styles in rural communities makes a difference for career longevity, and women consider honesty, compassion, integrity, self-awareness, and being a people person to be leadership attributes.
Effects of perceived corporate social responsibility practices on customers’ satisfaction and perceived value – A study in the food industry in Vietnam

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices on customers’ satisfaction and perceived value. According to the result of the literature review, the studied CSR practices include environmental protection, customer protection, community, HR policies, price, product quality, relationship selling, empathy, and fulfil expectations. To address the research objective, the present study proposed two following research questions: (1) What are factors of CSR practices impacting customers’ satisfaction? ; and (2) How do these factors influence customer satisfaction and perceived value? The study approached 236 customers of the food industry to conduct a survey empirically and tested the proposed hypotheses using structure equation modeling. The research findings show that (1), in Vietnamese customers perceptions, Perceived price, Perceived quality and Empathy are three components of CSR practices; (2) these components have positive impacts on Customer satisfaction; and (3) Customer satisfaction have a positive relation with customers’ perceived value. These findings help to enrich the CSR literature in developing countries like Vietnam, and to confirm the findings of previous studies. Moreover, from the research findings, the present study suggested some managerial implications for firms in the food industry relating to price, product quality and empathy.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of bedside ultrasonography and radiography for calcaneal fractures in the emergency department

Objective: Ultrasonography (US) is not the method of choice for the diagnosis of calcaneal fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of US with plain radiography in the diagnosis of calcaneus fractures following blunt ankle and foot trauma. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 214 patients (over 18 years) presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspicion of traumatic calcaneus fracture following acute blunt trauma, were enrolled. Bedside ultrasonography was performed and interpreted by emergency physicians. After that, plain radiography was performed. Furthermore, all the patients were assessed by computed tomography (CT) scan as the gold standard. Results: Finally, 193 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 29.4±15.7 years (85.5% male). Fractures in the calcaneus were detected in 49 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in the detection of calcaneal fractures were 83.6%, (confidence interval (CI), 69.7 –92.2) and 100% (95% CI, 96.7 –100), while the sensitivity and specificity of X-ray were 87.7% (95% CI, 74.5 –94.9) and 100% (95% CI, 96.7 –100). There was no false positive result for X-ray and US. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that bedside US with an acceptable sensitivity and specificity can be used as a promising alternative for the diagnosis of calcaneal fracture in ED.
Interaction of Phytophthora cinnamomi with model and native plant species

Phytophthora cinnamomi causes plant disease globally and resistance is rare. Using biochemical, molecular and transcriptomic approaches and analyses, phytohormones were found to regulate disease. The pathogen was also found to produce specific proteins that facilitated host colonisation. The study thus provided a detailed understanding of how some plants survive infection.
Computational Models

A different way of thinking about how the sciences are organized is suggested by the use of cross‐disciplinary computational methods as the organizing unit of science, here called computational templates. The structure of computational models is articulated using the concepts of construction assumptions and correction sets. The existence of these features indicates that certain conventionalist views are incorrect, in particular it suggests that computational models come with an interpretation that cannot be removed as well as a prior justification. A form of selective realism is described which denies that one can simply read the ontological commitments from the theory itself.
Applying the SNOMED CT concept model to represent value sets for head and neck cancer documentation

This paper presents an analysis of the extent to which SNOMED CT is suitable for representing data within the domain of head and neck cancer. In this analysis we assess whether the concept model of SNOMED CT comply with the documentation needed within this clinical domain. Attributes from the follow-up template of the clinical quality registry for Danish Head and Neck Cancer, and their respective value sets were mapped to SNOMED CT using existing mapping guidelines. Results show that post-coordination is important to represent specific types of value sets, such as absence of findings and severities. The concept model of SNOMED CT was found suitable for representing the value sets of this material. We argue for the development of further mapping guidelines for consistent post-coordination and for initiatives that demonstrate use of this important terminological feature in actual SNOMED CT implementations.
Incidence of dental traumatic injuries among teenagers and adults

Swetha Ilangovan1, Anjaneyulu K*2, Geo Mani3 1Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai -600 077, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai -600 077, Tamil Nadu, India 3Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai -600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
Response of adults of the grain mite, Acarus siro L. to modified atmospheres

Ab~lract: Mortality of newly emerged adults of Acarus siro L. was assayed by exposing them to 2, 4. 6,10.21% O2 in Nz. to 10,20.3040% CO2 in 21% O2 and with the balance of the atmosphere made up of Nz. Test.s were conducted at 75% relative humidity and 15° or 26"C in a specially designed apparatus. Mean duration of mite survival in air was 1Land 7 d at 15° and 26°C. respectively. Exposure to 2% O2 was required to obtain 100% mortality with 72 h at l5"e; the same result was obtclined within 120 h at 26"C by exposure to 10% 02' At 15°C, 30% CO2 was required for 96 h to achieve 100% mortality; at 26"C. 20% CO2 or above produced the same result. within 72 h.
In Vitro Phenotypic Variation in Larch Cotyledon Number

Somatic embryos of hybrid larch (Larix × leptoeuropaea) have significantly fewer cotyledons per embryo than embryos of zygotic origin. They also have a much greater variance and range in cotyledon number (zero to 15) than do seed embryos (four to seven), as well as a greater number of phenotypes. Somatic embryos were matured on modified Murashige and Skoog’s (1962) medium supplemented with one of the following combinations of growth‐regulating substances: (1) 60 μM abscisic acid (ABA), (2) 2.2 μM benzyladenine (BA), (3) 60 μM ABA and 2.2 μM BA, or (4) a control medium containing neither plant growth regulator. Of these treatments, BA caused the greatest reduction in cotyledons per embryo. Embryos produced on different BA concentrations (0, 0.04, 0.4, 4.4, 44, and 444 μM) showed significant differences in cotyledon number per embryo as well as percentage of embryos with cotyledons. At higher concentrations, BA‐treated embryos had shorter hypocotyls and longer cotyledons than embryos produced at lower concentrations. At concentrations >4.4 μM, BA reduced the percentage of embryos able to initiate cotyledons. Precocious germination was reduced by concentrations of BA above 0.44 μM BA.