Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological characterisation of spectral response properties in the visual system of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)

Acknowledgements The burden of keeping me in relative sanity has, for the last few years, befallen on my dear Özlem Duvarci. I wish to thank her for her patient and loving companionship. M. and Mme. Hernandez have drawn deep into their abundant reserves of humor and good-heartedness, dissolving the distance between my home, and these inhospitable latitudes. The German word for " doctoral supervisor " is Doktorvater, which suggests the remote possibility that the individual vested with such lofty honor might actually, although this is not very orthodox, show some interest for his intellectual " offspring ". In this respect, Prof. Kretz has been quite beyond reproach. For his helpfulness and solicitude, I thank him most warmly, and for initiating me to the refinements of Jodel music at 4 o'clock in the morning. For supporting a philosopher in his bid to experience the human brain " first hand " , with its rich formaldehyde bouquet, I wish to thank the Institute's director, Prof. Rager. I wish to thank Dr. Ulrich Drenhaus, whose erudition and rigor have been a source of inspiration. Amongst the tasks of sumptuously ungrateful monotony, fate has devised laboratory work as supreme punishment to mortals. This is all the more reason to acknowledge my recognition of Mme. Marguerite Kaczarowski's exquisite work. Of equal merit and courage are the labors of programmers competing with capricious computers for the upper hand. I therefore extend my gratitude to Patrick Faeh. Monsieur Marcel Donzallaz, our Institute's animal keeper, must be thanked for the lavish solicitude he has bestowed on our animals, which at times, would almost make us a little jealous. His intuitive knowledge of this species competes with any expert's. It is a pleasure to acknowledge my debt of gratitude to Prof. Eric Rouiller for scrutinizing the first version of this thesis, and for his patient and supportive advice in preparing the final version. I also thank Prof. Heywood Petry, whose work has been a source of inspiration and who has agreed to act as an external expert on the thesis committee. I am very grateful also to Corinne Moussavian and Dr. Michel Pfulg, who have provided me with much needed support during the last stage of the preparation of this manuscript. Naturally, I wish to thank my parents, for without their collaboration in bringing me to the world, it would have been utterly strenuous to for me to lay …
Risk-beneﬁt assessment of food substitutions

Danish dietary guidelines recommend the Danish population to increase the consumption of fish while decreasing the consumption of red and processed meat to prevent nutrition-related diseases. However, the presence of contaminants in these foods may affect the overall risk-benefit balance of such substitution. We performed a quantitative risk-benefit assessment on substituting red and processed meat with fish in a Danish diet. We modeled the substitution among Danish adults based on data from a Danish dietary survey and compared four alternative scenarios based on varying chemical and nutrient exposures to the current consumption. We quantified the overall health impact of the substitutions in terms of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Approximately 150 DALYs/100,000 individuals could be averted each year if Danish adults consumed 350 g of fish/week (fatty or mix of fatty and lean) while decreasing the consumption of red and processed meat. A lower beneficial impact was observed when consumption of fish was restricted to lean fish (80 DALYs/100,000 averted), and a marked health loss (180 DALYs/100,000) was estimated when consumption was restricted to tuna. Our results show an overall beneficial effect of the substitution if the consumption of large predatory fish is low and at least half is fatty fish.
Estimadores de correlaciones genéticas para características de la canal de bovinos: efecto de diferentes criterios de sacrificio. Revisión

The objective of the present study was to analyze 532 estimates of genetic correlations for carcass traits of cattle published in the scientific literature from 1963 to 2003. The unweighted means, the ranges and the number of observations of the estimates of genetic correlations were calculated based on three different slaughter end points: age, weight and fat thickness. Estimates of genetic correlations for most pairs of traits varied greatly within each slaughter end point. For example, the range of ageconstant estimates of the genetic correlation between fat thickness and marbling score was from -0.42 to 1.00. Few studies have compared estimates of genetic correlations for carcass traits adjusted for different slaughter end points. Results from those few studies were inconsistent, although some studies revealed that estimates of genetic correlations for several combinations of carcass traits were sensitive to the covariate (slaughter end point) included in the model. Means of age-constant estimates of the genetic correlation between longissimus muscle area and marbling score, yield grade and predicted percentage of retail product were: 0.06, -0.79, and 0.59. These means suggest that selection for greater longissimus muscle area would improve yield grade and increase predicted percentage of retail product without altering marbling.
Anti-Moesin Antibodies in the Serum of Patients with Aplastic Anemia Stimulate Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Secrete TNF-α and IFN-γ1

Moesin is an intracellular protein that links the cell membrane and cytoskeleton, while also mediating the formation of microtubules and cell adhesion sites as well as ruffling of the cell membrane. To determine the roles of anti-moesin Abs derived from the serum of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) in the pathophysiology of bone marrow failure, we studied the expression of moesin on various blood cells and the effects of anti-moesin Abs on the moesin-expressing cells. The proteins recognized by anti-moesin mAbs were detectable on the surface of T cells, NK cells, and monocytes from healthy individuals as well as on THP-1 cells. The peptide mass fingerprinting of the THP-1 cell surface protein and the knock-down experiments using short hairpin RNA proved that the protein is moesin itself. Both the anti-moesin mAbs and the anti-moesin polyclonal Abs purified from the AA patients’ sera stimulated THP-1 cells and the PBMCs of healthy individuals and AA patients to secrete 60–80% as much TNF-α as did LPS 100 ng/ml. Although the polyclonal Abs induced IFN-γ secretion from the PBMCs of healthy individuals only when the PBMCs were prestimulated by anti-CD3 mAbs, the anti-moesin Abs were capable of inducing IFN-γ secretion from the PBMCs of AA patients by themselves. Anti-moesin Abs may therefore indirectly contribute to the suppression of hematopoiesis in AA patients by inducing myelosuppressive cytokines from immunocompetent cells.
Economical Analysis and Commercial Cuts Yields of Buffaloes and Bovines of Both Sexes

The objective of this work was to study the effects of buffalo and bovine species and steers and heifers sexes, on the yields of commercial carcass cuts of animals with carcass average weight of 187.5 kg. A total of 72 animals were used, 30 Mediterranean crossbred buffaloes, 13 heifers and 17 steers, and 42 Aberdeen Angus crossbred bovines, 18 heifers and 24 steers. No significant interaction was observed between species and sex for the variables analyzed, indicating separate discussion of these effects. There was no statistical difference between species and sexes for hot carcass weight. Maturity was more advanced in bovines in relation to buffaloes, and in males in relation to females. Fat classifications did not differ between species, but females carcasses showed more fat cover than males. Buffalos and males showed forequarters with higher weight and percentage, and lower sawcut percentage than the bovines and females, respectively. Comparing the brake even point between buffalo and cattle, was obtained the purchasing price of US$ 3.17 and US$ 3.13/ kg of carcass, respectively. Between sexes, the brake even point was US$ 3.18 for males and US$ 3.15 for females.
Heat-induced resistance in barley to the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei

Abstract A heat-treatment (30-60 s at 50°C) of young barley seedlings of the highly susceptible cultivar Golden Promise reduced subsequent infection by the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei . Shorter heat-treatments (30 or 40 s) caused transient protection, whereas protection after longer heat-treatments (50 or 60 s) was more persistent. On heat-treated leaves, the fungus was mainly stopped at the stage of first appressorial penetration, in the absence of papilla formation or hypersensitive cell death. Heat treated leaves produced fewer protoplasts on treatment with cellulase and pectinase than controls thus indicating effects on cell-walls. Protection did not correlate with enhanced accumulation of extracellular, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, compared to the susceptible interaction on control leaves. Two-dimensional analysis of in vitro translation products revealed a pattern of accumulating transcripts 14 h after heat-treatment, that was different from the pattern induced during a 4 h heat-shock period at 38°C, with partial overlap. A new mechanism of acquired resistance is proposed that is independent of papilla formation, hypersensitive cell death or accumulation of extracellular PR proteins but may be based on cell-wall modification and the induction of new host genes.
Pocket protein family function in mesenchymal tissue development and tumorigenesis

pRB is a member of the pocket protein family, which includes the closely related proteins p107 and p130. The pocket proteins are critical regulators of the cell cycle and function to restrain proliferation by controlling the activity of the E2F family of transcription factors. The pocket proteins also play an important role in the development of many tissues. Due to the frequency of mutation of pRB in Osteosarcoma, and its role in the development of tissues of mesenchymal origin, we sought to understand the consequence of the loss of pRb, and its family member p107, in murine mesenchymal cells. The early lethality of Rb-/mice hampers the study of many mesenchymal tissues, thus we conditionally deleted Rb in the mesenchymal progenitors of p107/ mice. These mice develop embryonic skeletal abnormalities characterized by wider and shorter long bones and malformed sternums. Analysis of the defects revealed that inappropriate proliferation of chondrocytes in the growth plate contributed to the phenotype. Mutant adult mice displayed an exacerbated cartilage and growth plate phenotypes, which corresponded to ectopically proliferating growth plate chondrocytes and altered chondrocyte differentiation. Notably, these cartilage defects were consistently associated with the development of enchondromas, a cartilage neoplasm. We also examined the role of pRb, and its cooperation with the tumor suppressor p53, in the development of murine osteosarcoma. We examined the effect of mutation of Rb and p53 in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells, which contains the putative cell of origin of osteosarcoma. We show that Rb and p53 are required for the proper differentiation of mesenchymal cells and mesenchymal cells deficient in these proteins are tumorigenic. These studies demonstrate that loss of pocket protein function in the mesenchymal lineages can be disastrous for an organism, resulting in tissue deformities and a predisposition to cancer. Thus, pocket proteins play a critical role in regulating skeletogenesis as well as in adult mesenchymal tissue homeostasis and tumor suppression. Thesis Supervisor: Jacqueline A. Lees Title: Professor of Biology
Organisms' response in a chronically polluted lake supports hypothesized link between stress and size

Most of the available support for the hypothesis that pollutants' effects depend on size comes from shortterm experiments. We applied a size‐based approach to the analysis of the fossil remains of Lago d'Orta in Northern Italy, a lake that has been polluted with copper, other metals, and acid for more than 50 yr. Once this pollution began, the size distribution of diatoms, thecamoebians, and cladocerans shifted to smaller individuals. These changes in size reflected shifts in the taxonomic composition of the assemblages, but we also observed reduction of body size within a single taxon (the diatom Achnanthes minutissima). These reductions in the average size across three communities from different kingdoms and trophic levels provide strong evidence that chronically stressed environments select for smaller organisms.
Estuarine macrocrustacea of Richards Bay Harbour, South Africa, with particular reference to the penaeid prawns

Macrocrustacea of Richards Bay Harbour, sampled over a two-year period, were dominated by the Natantia and Brachyura. Species typically associated with subtropical and warm-temperate South African estuaries were most common. Relative abundances of prevalent groups are discussed and compared with published data from systems in South Africa and elsewhere. Differences in sampling techniques were at least partly responsible for differences noted. In the case of commercially important penaeid prawns, species composition differed from those reported historically. Marked contrasts in crustacean catches were recorded from different sites and while salinity and turbidity may have played a role it is probable that the nature of the substratum and proximity of large mangrove stands are most influential in determining species spatial distributions in the harbour. Given the harbour's importance as a nursery to estuarine crustaceans, including species of considerable ecological and commercial value, this fact must be accounted for in future development plans.
Sediment accumulation predicts the distribution of a unionid mussel (Elliptio complanata) in nearshore areas of a Canadian Shield lake

Summary 1. The importance of native freshwater mussels for ecosystem processes depends on their density, size distribution and activity. In lakes, many of the factors that affect mussels (fish hosts, habitat, food) could be directly or indirectly related to wind-driven physical processes. 2. We tested whether the abundance and size of Elliptio complanata in the shallow, nearshore areas of a medium-sized lake were related to site exposure, substratum type and fish distribution. To disentangle some of the correlated variables known to affect mussel distribution, we used paired exposed and sheltered sampling sites along the 7-km fetch of the lake basin. 3. The distribution of sediment characteristics in nearshore areas was highly predictable. The mean depth of accumulated soft sediments decreased with increasing fetch at wind-exposed sites, but increased with increasing fetch at sheltered sites. Sediments were deeper along the main shoreline than around islands. Deeper sediments tended to be finer and higher in silt content and organic fraction. 4. The density and proportion of juvenile mussels along the main shoreline varied in a unimodal way with sediment depth. These results suggest that wind-driven physical forces affect the transport of young juveniles to sediment depositional areas and create sediment conditions that influence their growth and survival. In contrast, the proportion of juvenile mussels around islands was not related to sediment characteristics, but decreased with remoteness of the island, suggesting that the distribution of juvenile mussels may be limited by fish movements. These results are tentative since they do not include buried juvenile mussels. 5. We also found a unimodal relationship between total mussel density (juveniles and adults) and sediment depth but, in contrast to the relationship for juveniles only, it applied to all sites with soft sediments, including islands. We conclude that factors related to sediment depth affect the growth and survival of adult mussels around islands and that these factors are strong enough to modify the pattern of distribution established via dispersal during earlier life stages. 6. The mean shell length of adults at different sites within the lake basin ranged from 60 to 85 mm. Mussel shell length decreased with increasing fetch at sites exposed to the prevalent winds, but was relatively constant on the sheltered side of peninsulas and islands. The size of unionid mussels in different parts of the lake seems to be determined both by their exposure to physical forces and by sediments. 7. The local distribution of E. complanata is determined, directly and indirectly, by wind-driven forces. These processes are likely to be important for other benthic organisms affected by similar habitat conditions (e.g. sediment characteristics, physical disturbance).
PHARMACOGENETIC AND CLINICAL STUDY ON METABOLIC SIDE EFFECTS INDUCED BY PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS: FOCUS ON WEIGHT GAIN AND ON LIPID DISTURBANCES

Droits d’auteur L'Université de Lausanne attire expressément l'attention des utilisateurs sur le fait que tous les documents publiés dans l'Archive SERVAL sont protégés par le droit d'auteur, conformément à la loi fédérale sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins (LDA). A ce titre, il est indispensable d'obtenir le consentement préalable de l'auteur et/ou de l’éditeur avant toute utilisation d'une oeuvre ou d'une partie d'une oeuvre ne relevant pas d'une utilisation à des fins personnelles au sens de la LDA (art. 19, al. 1 lettre a). A défaut, tout contrevenant s'expose aux sanctions prévues par cette loi. Nous déclinons toute responsabilité en la matière.
The ideal learner : does sharing constructs elicited from children at risk of exclusion alter the perceptions of teachers working with them?

This research explores the constructs that teachers have of students at risk of exclusion from school. To date, little research has explored whether a Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) task to elicit constructs from the students about themselves has the power to alter the teachers’ constructs of said students. Five secondary students in Year 7 or 8, at risk of exclusion, completed a PCP task, Drawing the Ideal Learner (DIL). For each of the students, one teacher who knew the student well was interviewed on two separate occasions using semi-structured interviews. This qualitative social constructionist research utilises a PCP theoretical framework to ascertain whether these teachers believed DIL could provide information to inform them about how best to support the student by developing a shared understanding. In the first interview, teachers were asked about their constructs of the students before the research began and the teacher’s assumptions of their student’s aspirations. At the end of this interview they were shown the student’s DIL. In their second interview, exactly one week later, with varying opportunities for interaction with the students, teachers were asked whether any of their previous constructs about the student had altered in light of new information, including those regarding the student's aspirations. Finally, teachers were asked their views of DIL to elicit previously unknown information from students at risk of exclusion. The outcome of this research highlights the importance of providing students at risk of exclusion with an appropriate tool to elicit their voices about their academic present and future journey, and the importance of sharing this information with school staff who can be instrumental in supporting the students.
Assessing sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) movements within the western Mediterranean Sea through photo-identification

The Mediterranean sperm whale sub-population is considered ‘Endangered’ by both ACCOBAMS and the IUCN. Conservation policies require protected species populations to be monitored, but the distribution and movements of sperm whales across the Mediterranean Sea are still poorly understood. To provide insight into sperm whale movements, the photo-identification catalogue from the Strait of Gibraltar was compared with seven other collections: (a) the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sperm Whale Catalogue (NAMSC), and with photo-identification catalogues from (b) the Alboran Sea, Spain, (c) the Balearic Islands, Spain, (d) the Corso-Provencal Basin, France, (e) the Western Ligurian Sea, Italy, (f) the Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, and (g) the Hellenic Trench, Greece. Of 47 sperm whales identified in the Strait of Gibraltar between 1999 and 2011 a total of 15 animals (32%) were photographically recaptured in other sectors of the western Mediterranean Sea in different years. None of the Strait of Gibraltar sperm whales were resighted in Atlantic waters or in the eastern Mediterranean basin. These results indicate long-range movements of the species throughout the whole western Mediterranean Sea, with a maximum straight-line distance of about 1600 km. The absence of any photographic recaptures between the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean supports the genetic evidence of an isolated sub-population within the Mediterranean Sea. Long-term photo-identification efforts and data sharing between institutions should be further encouraged to provide basic information necessary for the implementation of effective sperm whale conservation measures in the whole basin. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renewable Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth in Indonesia

This paper aims to examine the causation between renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Indonesia using time series data from 2000 to 2016. Economic growth and renewable energy consumption are endogenous variables, while CO2 emissions, and world oil prices as variables exogenous. Johansen co-integration, Granger's causality, and VAR model are used to measure the causalities effects of renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth. The results show that There is no one or two-way causality relationship between economic growth and consumption of renewable energy and CO2 emissions. There is one-way causality between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions but not vice versa, and there is no one or two-way causality between renewable energy consumption and world
Effect of age and educational level of dairy farmers on knowledge and adoption of dairy farming practices in Kapurthala district of Punjab

The study was conducted on eighty farmers belonging to 5 blocks of Kapurthala district during January to March 2016 in order to assess the effect of age and education level on the knowledge level about dairy farming, source of information acquired and adoption of recommended practices for carrying out different activities of dairy enterprise. The farmers in the age group of 20-30 years were found to be more interested in acquiring trainings, demonstrations and exposure visits and acquired high level of knowledge as compared to the elder group of more than 40 years of age. On the other hand the adoption of various management practices was found to be higher in elder than the young group. The practices found to be negatively correlated with knowledge were animal in heat, feeding of colostrums to newly born calf, record maintaining and dehorning of calf whereas period of insemination, dairy management practices, foot and mouth disease and symptoms of haemorrhagic septicaemia showed a significant positive correlation with the age of the farmers. Practices like animal in heat, feeding newly born calf, colostrums feeding, fodder and concentrate, record maintaining, clean milk production and dehorning of calf were positively correlated with the education level whereas all other practices were found to be negatively correlated. This shows that as the education level went on increasing farmers became reluctant to do field operations. Education level helped in acquiring the knowledge but adoption was found to be less in highly educated persons. The study revealed that in order to make overall development of the dairy farming community it is essential to select the actual beneficiaries.