Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Oral Proglumide in Those with Hepatic Impairment

Proglumide is an orally administered cholecystokinin receptor antagonist that was found to improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, reverse liver fibrosis, and decrease incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in animal models. The current investigation aimed to test the pharmacokinetics and safety of proglumide in subjects with hepatic impairment compared with healthy controls. In this translational study, subjects with confirmed cirrhosis, Child-Pugh stage A or B, or healthy controls were recruited for a single-dosing study. Baseline urine and blood samples were obtained before administration of proglumide and also collected after ingestion up to 24 h. Drug concentrations measured by mass spectroscopy revealed peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 7847, 9721, and 10,635 ng/mL at about 1 h (Tmax) for healthy controls, subjects with Child-Pugh A, and B cirrhosis, respectively. The serum elimination half time was 3 h. Maximum urine drug concentration (Cmax = ~411 µg/mL) was observed at 3 h, and urinary drug concentration declined at 5 h. There were no adverse events reported, and follow-up liver panels in cirrhosis subjects were unchanged or improved. This investigation demonstrated that proglumide is safe and has similar pharmacokinetic properties in subjects with cirrhosis as in healthy controls; therefore, it will be safe to test the efficacy of proglumide as a therapeutic agent in those subjects with cirrhosis or HCC.
Hygiene, Sanitation, and The Contents of Escherichia coli in Ice Cubes at Pasar Malam Kampung Solor, Kupang

Ice cubes are complementary food products that are added to drinks to make them cool and refreshing and are also in great demand by the public. Therefore, the ice cube production process must also meet food safety for the sake of public health. The research design used descriptive observation, to describe or provide an overview of the hygiene and sanitation of ice cube processing, as well as the bacteriological content of ice cubes produced by households at Pasar Malam Kampung Solor by conducting the Most probable Number (MPN) Escherichia coli test. The sample used the purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques using interviews and observation. The results of this study indicate that the hygiene and sanitation of ice cube processing for the home industry at Pasar Malam Kampung Solor have not met the requirements, seen from the use of raw water, the behavior of handlers, equipment, and unhygienic processing methods. The results of laboratory examinations found that 50% of the ice cube samples were negative and 50% of the ice cube samples were positive containing Escherichia coli bacteria with levels of Escherichia coli bacteria, namely 20 MPN/100 ml and 240 MPN/100 ml (not eligible) or exceeding the threshold > 0 MPN /100 ml according to Permenkes 492/Menkes/PER/IV/2010.
Bidimensional self-esteem and sexual functioning among Malaysian young adults: the moderating role of relationship status

ABSTRACT Despite typically being studied as a unidimensional construct, self-esteem has been proposed to comprise of two distinct but highly correlated domains: self-competence and self-liking. This study aimed to examine how the two domains of self-esteem predict the sexual functioning of young adults in Malaysia, and the potential role of relationship status as a moderator. A total of 314 Malaysian young adults aged 21.08 years on average (SD = 1.84) completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Female Sexual Function Index. Results suggest that self-competence, but not self-liking, was positively associated with sexual arousal, lubrication/erection, and orgasm among those who were single. Aside from the sexual functioning domain of sexual pain, no significant associations between self-esteem and sexual functioning were found among those who were in a relationship. These findings provide support to the bidimensional conceptualisation of self-esteem in the context of sexual well-being.
Countermovement Jump Force–Time Curve Analysis between Strength-Matched Male and Female Soccer Players

The purpose of this study was to compare countermovement jump force–time measures between strength-matched male and female soccer players. Males (n = 11) and females (n = 11) were strength-matched via isometric mid-thigh pull testing, whereby peak force values were normalised to body mass. Subjects performed three maximal-effort countermovement jumps (CMJs) on a force platform from which a range of kinetic and kinematic variables were calculated via forward dynamics. Thereafter, differences in gross measures were examined via independent t-tests, while differences in force–, power–, velocity–, and displacement–time curves throughout the entire CMJ were analysed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Jump height, reactive strength index modified, propulsion mean force, propulsion impulse, and propulsion mean velocity were all greater for males (d = 1.50 to 3.07). Relative force– and velocity–time curves were greater for males at 86–93% (latter half of the concentric phase) and 85–100% (latter half of the concentric phase) of normalized movement time, respectively. Time to take-off, braking phase time, braking mean velocity and impulse, propulsion phase time and centre of mass displacement were similar between males and females (d = −0.23 to 0.97). This research demonstrates the strength of SPM to identify changes between entire force-time curves. Continued development and the use of SPM analysis could present the opportunity for a refined comparison of strength-matched male and female CMJ performance with the analysis of entire force–time curves.
Safety Evaluation of Seven of the Earliest Diverging Diamond Interchanges Installed in the United States

Diverging diamond interchanges (DDIs) are increasingly popular because they provide improved traffic operations and cost savings. On the basis of theory, DDIs should be safer than conventional diamonds, but previous empirical safety studies have been limited. The objectives of this work were, therefore, to conduct a broader safety evaluation of DDIs and to recommend a crash modification factor (CMF) for the conversion of a conventional diamond to a DDI. The team analyzed seven of the earliest DDIs in the United States. Four were in Missouri and other sites were in Kentucky, New York, and Tennessee. The team collected more than 28 site years of crash and other data before intersection conversion and more than 19 site years of data after their conversion. The primary analysis was before and after with comparison sites to account for trends and potential simultaneous event biases. The results showed that crashes were reduced at most of the sites, and the team recommended a CMF of 0.67, meaning that installation of a DDI to replace a diamond should reduce all crashes by 33%. The reduction in injury crashes was even larger, with the team recommending a CMF of 0.59. Other analyses indicated that DDI installation should mean a substantial reduction of angle and turning crashes, with some reduction in rear-end crashes as well, although rear-end crashes will still be the dominant crash types after DDI installation. Clearly, DDIs offer potential safety benefits, and agencies should consider them strongly as replacements for conventional diamonds.
Emplacement conditions and exhumation of the Varvarco Tonalite and associated plutons from the Cordillera del Viento, Southern Central Andes

Abstract During the Late Cretaceous Andean orogeny, the compressive deformation associated with the shallowing of the subducting slab caused the development of the arc-related igneous rocks known as the Naunauco Belt. This study presents petrographic, mineralogical and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data for the Varvarco Intrusives (the Varvarco Tonalite, Butalón Tonalite and Radales Aplite), which crop out in the Cordillera del Viento, Neuquén Province, Argentina. The assembly of plutons was formed by mafic magma episodic injection. Amphibole and biotite compositions suggest that the Varvarco Tonalite is related to calc-alkaline, I-type magmas, typical of subduction environments. Different geothermobarometers based on amphibole and plagioclase compositions for the Varvarco Tonalite suggest shallow emplacement conditions (∼2–3 kbar, equivalent to ∼12 km depth). Apatite fission-track analyses give exhumation ages of 67.5 ± 8 Ma for the Varvarco Tonalite and 50.3 ± 5.9 Ma for the Butalón Tonalite. A calculated continuous fast exhumation rate of at least 330 °C Ma−1 is consistent with the shallow emplacement conditions, textural data and geobarometric estimations. In agreement with the thermal profile, the magmatic system was exhumed by ∼12 km within c. 2.1 Ma implying a geothermal gradient of ∼62.5 °C km−1. The last step of exhumation occurred between ∼65.3 and 56.9 Ma. The magmatic fabrics observed in the studied plutons reflect mostly magma chamber processes. The Varvarco Intrusives represent satellite calc-alkaline plutons of the North Patagonian Batholith which were emplaced syn- to post-tectonically with respect to a major deformation stage of the Southern Central Andes.
Induction and potential role of summer dormancy to enhance persistence of perennial grasses under warmer climates

The persistence of perennial herbaceous species is threatened by increasing aridity. However, summer dormancy is a strategy conferring superior survival to grasses adapted to hot and dry summers. The role of temperature on the induction of summer dormancy was investigated in the perennial grass Dactylis glomerata to analyse the potential expression of this strategy under warmer climates. We tested seven populations of D. glomerata originating from Morocco to Norway across the same latitudinal gradient in a five‐site experiment. One population of the highly summer‐dormant grass Poa bulbosa was used as a reference. Plants were grown from autumn in pots under full irrigation for 1 year mostly under open‐air shelters. Heading date (ear emergence preceding flowering) was recorded and foliage senescence was assessed from end of spring until autumn. The maximum plant senescence under summer irrigation indicated the level of dormancy expression. Summer dormancy onset, release, expression and duration were modelled as a function of climatic variables. From north to south, the duration of summer dormancy of the Mediterranean populations of D. glomerata and P. bulbosa ranged from 0 to 122 days, and 79 to 200 days, respectively. P. bulbosa was always completely dormant, while dormancy expression of D. glomerata was positively correlated with the sum of temperatures from winter onset (R2 = 0.57) and with the mean of minimum temperatures in summer (R2 = 0.73). Dormancy onset, release and duration were also positively correlated with thermal time from winter onset, while the duration of summer dormancy was longer as maximum temperatures increased. Mapping the European regions with climates allowing the expression of summer dormancy in D. glomerata showed that the potentially inductive areas for this strategy may expand in parallel with increasing summer aridity under a future climate warming scenario. Synthesis. The large phenotypic variability of the expression of summer dormancy in D. glomerata was driven by temperature, suggesting that this strategy may have a greater role in higher latitudes to increase plant survival over the predicted hotter and drier summers. Leveraging this strategy for the choice and selection of suitable populations could enhance future adaptation of major perennial grasses to climate change.
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING IN COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH COMORBID ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS

Few studies have investigated how comorbidity, the presence of two or more distinct disorders in an individual, is related to executive functioning impairments. Executive functioning consists of cognitive processes that control planning and goal-oriented behavior and contribute to perceived quality of life, physical health, and job performance. Impairments in executive functioning in young adults are associated with poorer academic performance and psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. The present study investigated whether A) college students with symptoms characteristic of comorbid major depressive disorder and anxiety would self-report impaired executive functioning and a lower grade point average (GPA) compared to those with symptoms of either depression or anxiety alone, and B) college students with singular or comorbid symptoms would report impaired executive functioning and a lower GPA than those without symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. A sample of 77 undergraduate college students completed selfreport measures of executive functioning, anxiety symptomatology, depression symptomatology, and GPA. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to test hypotheses A and B. Results supported that executive functioning was significantly different between symptomatology groups, with comorbid disorder symptoms resulting in greater executive functioning impairments compared to singular disorder symptoms or no symptoms. There was no significant difference in grade point average between groups based on symptomatology.
Sex Differences in Response to Treatment with Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: Opportunities for a Tailored Approach to Diabetes and Obesity Care

The available data suggest differences in the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between men and women, influenced by the distinguishing features of the sex. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a relatively new class of antidiabetic drugs that act by mimicking the function of endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1. They constitute valuable agents for the management of T2DM as, in addition to exerting a strong hypoglycemic action, they present cardiorenal protective properties, promote weight loss, and have a good safety profile, particularly with respect to the risk of hypoglycemia. Due to the precedent of studies having identified sexual dimorphic elements regarding the action of other antidiabetic agents, ongoing research has attempted to examine whether this is also the case for GLP-1 RAs. Until now, sex differences have been observed in the impact of GLP1-RAs on glycemic control, weight reduction, and frequency of adverse events. On the contrary, the question of whether these drugs differentially affect the two sexes with respect to cardiovascular risk and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events remains under investigation. Knowledge of the potential sex-specific effects of these medications is extremely useful for the implementation of individualized therapeutic plans in the treatment of T2DM. This narrative review aims to present the available data regarding the sex-specific action of GLP-1 RAs as well as to discuss the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms explaining these dissimilarities.
The Co-Movement between International and Emerging Stock Markets Using ANN and Stepwise Models: Evidence from Selected Indices

In the past two decades, especially after the financial crisis of 2007–09, the literature for examining the availability of integration between the stock exchanges in developed and developing markets has grown. The importance of this topic stems from the significant implications of the linkage between exchange markets on various decisions taken by interested parties, such as policymakers and investors, in the decisions for portfolio diversification. This study examines the relationship between a developing stock exchange index, Amman Stock Exchange Index (ASEI), and the number of international indices, including S&P 500, NASDAQ, Nikkei, DAX, CAC, and HSI for 2008-2019. To validate the availability of the linkage between the indices, the author includes various tests of a correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis, and artificial neural network (ANN). Despite the results indicating that the ANN is more efficient than linear regression in investigating the availability of the relationship between ASEI and international indices, stepwise regression and neural network support this relationship. Furthermore, ANN results revealed that the S&P 500 index and year have the most substantial relationship with ASEI. Our research is theoretically and practically important; policymakers and investors can benefit from our findings. Future studies may explore the effect of different international stock market indices on ASEI or other developing markets. Further studies can use macroeconomic factors to build prediction models for stock market indices.
Psychological symptoms and related risk factors among healthcare workers and medical students during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the mental health status of healthcare workers and medical students during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods An online questionnaire was administered to 637 students and 3189 healthcare workers from May to July, 2020. The patient healthcare questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and state anxiety (A‐State) of the state–trait anxiety inventory‐form (STAI) were used to assess depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Individuals were categorized into severe (15 or higher) depression and severe (50–51 or higher) anxiety groups. Results Healthcare workers and those taking care of COVID‐19 patients had a higher risk of severe depression (PHQ‐9 scores >15) than other comparison groups. Students and men also had a higher risk of severe anxiety (STAI > 50–51). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that healthcare workers had a fivefold higher risk of developing severe depression symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.99, confidence interval [CI] 2.24–5.97, P‐value < 0.001) and those taking care of COVID‐19 patients had 2.8‐fold higher risk of developing severe depression symptoms (OR 2.75, CI 1.36–5.53, P‐value = 0.005). Conclusion Both medical students and healthcare workers have been experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms during the first wave of the pandemic. Our findings showed a high rate of severe anxiety symptoms in medical students and a high rate of severe depression symptoms in healthcare workers. Those who treated COVID‐19 patients were at greater risk of developing major depressive disorder than those who treated non‐COVID‐19 patients.
Biallelic Variants in ENDOG Associated with Mitochondrial Myopathy and Multiple mtDNA Deletions

Endonuclease G (ENDOG) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-localized nuclease. Although its precise biological function remains unclear, its proximity to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) makes it an excellent candidate to participate in mtDNA replication, metabolism and maintenance. Indeed, several roles for ENDOG have been hypothesized, including maturation of RNA primers during mtDNA replication, splicing of polycistronic transcripts and mtDNA repair. To date, ENDOG has been deemed as a determinant of cardiac hypertrophy, but no pathogenic variants or genetically defined patients linked to this gene have been described. Here, we report biallelic ENDOG variants identified by NGS in a patient with progressive external ophthalmoplegia, mitochondrial myopathy and multiple mtDNA deletions in muscle. The absence of the ENDOG protein in the patient’s muscle and fibroblasts indicates that the identified variants are pathogenic. The presence of multiple mtDNA deletions supports the role of ENDOG in mtDNA maintenance; moreover, the patient’s clinical presentation is very similar to mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations in other genes involved in mtDNA homeostasis. Although the patient’s fibroblasts did not present multiple mtDNA deletions or delay in the replication process, interestingly, we detected an accumulation of low-level heteroplasmy mtDNA point mutations compared with age-matched controls. This may indicate a possible role of ENDOG in mtDNA replication or repair. Our report provides evidence of the association of ENDOG variants with mitochondrial myopathy.
Veřejné statky: Teorie a experiment

Publikace je zaměřena předevsim na problematiku soukromeho poskytovani veřejných statků. V teto souvislosti je vysvětlen fenomen tzv. cerneho pasažerstvi. Důraz je kladen na identifikaci a sumarizaci možnosti, ktere mohou tomuto jevu předejit, ci ho nějakým způsobem omezit, aniž by byl nutný zasah statu do ekonomiky. Autor hleda odpověď na otazky: Mohou lide dobrovolně spolupracovat, aniž by jim to bylo nařizeno? Za jakých podminek může tato spoluprace nastat a ktere faktory ji mohou napomahat? U kterých typů veřejných statků nelze tuto spolupraci naopak ocekavat? Zvlastni pozornost je věnovana jednomu z tradicnich přikladů veřejneho statku, a to charitativni cinnosti. Pravě přiklad charity ukazuje, že spojeni mezi veřejným statkem a veřejným poskytovanim neni v praxi pravidlem. Pro studium soukromeho poskytovani veřejných statků maji nezastupitelný význam ekonomicke experimenty, ktere postupně vedly dokonce k přehodnoceni teorie a jejimu znacnemu obohaceni.
An approach for consensual analysis on Typical Hesitant Fuzzy Sets via extended aggregations and fuzzy implications based on admissible orders

Typical Hesitant Fuzzy Logic (THFL) is founded on the theory of Hesitant Fuzzy Sets, which consider as membership degrees the finite and non-empty subsets of the unit interval, called Typical Hesitant Fuzzy Elements (THFE). THFL provides the modelling for situations where there exists not only data uncertainty, but also indecision or hesitation among experts about the possible values for preferences regarding collections of objects. In order to reduce the information collapse for comparison and/or ranking of alternatives in the preference relationships, this thesis develops new ideas on THFL connectives, investigated under the scope of three admissible orders. In particular, properties of negations and aggregations are studied, as t-norms and OWA operators, with special interest in the axiomatic structures defining the implications and preserving their algebraic properties and representability. As the main contribution, we present a model that formally builds consensus measures on THFE through extended aggregation functions and fuzzy negation, using admissible orders for comparison and further, differentiating an analysis of consistency over preference matrices. Main theoretical results are submitted to multiple expert and mutiple criteria decision making problems.