Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic simulations of Vatnajökull ice cap from 1980 to 2300

Abstract Like most ice caps and glaciers worldwide, Icelandic glaciers are retreating in a warming climate. Here, the evolution of Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, from 1980 to 2300 is simulated by forcing the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) with output from Regional Climate Models (RCMs). For climate simulations of the recent past, HARMONIE-AROME reanalysis-forced simulations are used, while for future climate conditions, high-resolution (5.5 km) simulations from the RCM HIRHAM5 are used in addition to available CORDEX simulations (12 km). The glacier evolution is modelled using the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios until 2100. To extend the time series, the 2081–2100 climate forcing is repeated until 2300. For RCP 4.5, the ice cap loses 31–64% of its volume and 13–37% of its area by 2300 depending on the used model forcing. For RCP 8.5, the volume decrease is 51–94% and the area decrease is 24–80% by 2300. In addition, the effect of elevation feedbacks is investigated by adding a precipitation and temperature lapse rate to the HIRHAM5 simulations. By 2300, the lapse rate runs have a 9–14% smaller volume and a 9–20% smaller area than the runs without a lapse rate correction.
‘Cycles of disadvantage’ revisited: young people, families and poverty across generations*

ABSTRACT One of Andy Furlong’s abiding concerns was to show how the problems of working-class youth are often, straightforwardly, the outcome of inequalities in employment opportunities. On rarer occasions, however, this explanation fits less well. Some young people grow up in families where poverty seems more deeply embedded and inherent to those families. Here, old ideas about a cultural ‘underclass’ can be tempting to politicians and policy makers. Our qualitative research, with 20 families living in extremely deprived U.K. neighbourhoods, showed that neither a simple lack of job opportunities nor ‘cultures of worklessness’ explained why hardship persisted for them. Our argument is that circumstances which appear to fit with the idea of an inter-generational, cultural ‘underclass’, in fact, have their provenance in a semi-permanent constellation of external socio-economic pressures bearing on successive generations of families over decades. Examples did include a shared context of declining job opportunities but extended to a contracting and disciplinary Welfare State, punitive criminal justice systems, poor-quality education and the physical decline of working-class neighbourhoods. We take one example – the destructive impact of local drug markets – to uncover the complex, obscure processes that compound the disadvantage faced by working-class young adults and their families over generations.
Mifepristone in the management of early pregnancy failure

Objectives Early pregnancy failure (EPF) is a common complication of pregnancy. Surgical intervention carries a risk of complications and, therefore, medical treatment appears to be a safe alternative. Unfortunately, the current medical treatment with misoprostol alone has complete evacuation rates between 53% and 87%. Some reports suggest that sequential treatment with mifepristone and misoprostol leads to higher success rates than misoprostol alone. Study design To evaluate the added value of mifepristone to current non-surgical treatment regimens in women with EPF we performed a systematic literature search. Electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Current Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical studies, both randomized and non-randomized trials, reporting on the added value of mifepristone to current nonsurgical treatment regimens in women with EPF were included. Data of sixteen studies were extracted using a data extraction sheet (based on the Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group’s data extraction template). The methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. Results In five randomized and eleven non-randomized trials, success rates of sequential treatment with mifepristone and misoprostol in case of EPF varied between 52% and 95%. Large heterogeneity existed in treatment regimens and comparators between studies. Conclusions The existing evidence is insufficient to draw firm conclusions about the added value of mifepristone to misoprostol alone. A sufficiently powered randomized, double blinded placebo-controlled trial is urgently required to test whether, in EPF, the sequential combination of mifepristone with misoprostol is superior to misoprostol only.
Adults’ ability to interpret covariation data presented in bar graphs depends on the context of the problem

The ability to correctly interpret data is an important skill in modern knowledge societies. The present study investigates adults’ ability to interpret covariation data presented in bar graphs. Drawing on previous findings that show that the problem context influences the interpretation of contingency tables (grounded and concrete problems are easier than abstract ones) and based on findings from the literature on motivated reasoning (confirming problems are easier than disconfirming ones), we present N = 111 undergraduates with bar graphs in either grounded (confirming or disconfirming) or abstract contexts. Our results show that only grounded problems in confirming contexts are easier than abstract ones; grounded problems in disconfirming contexts are more challenging than abstract ones. Overall, the interpretation of bar graphs is difficult: Even in our sample of educated college students, correct performance did not exceed 50%. Our results support earlier findings regarding the context dependency of data-interpretation skills, and they suggest that relatively minor task variations have an impact on reasoners’ interpretations of bar graphs.
Teacher educators’ professional learning: perceptions of Dutch and Chinese teacher educators

ABSTRACT This survey study explores how teacher educators perceive relevant aspects of professional learning in their practice. These aspects were considered as important by teacher educators in a previous review study. A total of 583 Dutch and Chinese teacher educators completed a digital questionnaire regarding the content of teacher educators’ learning, their learning activities, and reasons for learning. Most teacher educators perceived all professional learning aspects as relevant for their practice. The professional learning scales showed correlations with several background variables, such as educational degree and how teacher educators perceive their identity in the teacher education institutes. When comparing Dutch and Chinese teacher educators, significant differences were only found in their perceptions of research-related scales and the scale “getting input from others”. It can be concluded that all aspects are essential for learning and functioning. The differences between Dutch and Chinese teacher educators were related to the contexts in which they work.
Rapid ambient degradation of monolayer MoS2 after heating in air

We report that heating chemical vapor deposition grown monolayer MoS2 in air at temperatures as low as 285 °C for 2 h results in rapid degradation of the monolayer within 2.5 weeks of ambient air exposure after heating. We find that the rapid degradation proceeds via the growth of dendrites on the basal plane that have a fractal dimension close to that of diffusion-limited aggregation. We also observe dendrites in unheated samples that have been in ambient air for a year. We explain the rapid degradation after heating to an increase in MoO3. We propose that the mechanism for dendrite growth involves the diffusion of H2O to oxide sites. This results in the liquefication of the oxides. The liquefied oxides do not protect the surface from further oxidation. Putting heated samples in a dry box for 2 weeks immediately after heating prevents the rapid degradation from occurring.
Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Mineral Nutrients of 18 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Cultivars

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is widely grown in arid and semiarid regions, where the salinization may have developed through irrigation. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate NaCl stress on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrients of 18 pomegranate cultivars. One group was irrigated twice a week with a nutrient solution. The other group was watered twice a week with the same nutrient solution and 200 mM NaCl for five weeks. Dry weight, shoot length, new shoot number, root length and number, leaf area, leaf relative water content, and net photosynthesis of salt-treated plants were negatively impacted by salt stress, and there was a significant difference among cultivars. Few foliar damages were observed. Na content of plants significantly increased in all cultivars, while P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Si, Al, Zn content of plants decreased under salt stress. Fe, Mn, and Cu content increased in most cultivars. Pomegranate accumulated supraoptimal Na mostly in roots and transported more K and Ca to shoots, which was attributed to maintaining a higher ratio of K/Na and Ca/Na in the aerial part of plants. Ten of the 18 cultivars were considered salt-tolerant, which would offer a reference for pomegranate cultivation on saline lands.
Sticky cost behavior and its implication on accounting conservatism: a cross-country study

This paper aims to investigate the impact of cost stickiness on conditional conservatism. ,The research sample consists of listed companies from 18 countries, using stock market indices of the BRICS, MIST, North Africa, USA and EU over the period ranging from 1997 to 2015. The authors use the firm-fixed effects method in the estimation of the models. ,The results provide evidence of the existence of cost stickiness and conditional conservatism in the international context, using the Banker et al. (2016) model. They also argue that the conditional conservatism model (Basu, 1997) is overstated because it does not control for cost stickiness. In additional analyses, the authors conclude that the association between cost stickiness and accounting conservatism changes across country groups and across industries. The authors also document that the employee intensity and free cash-flow, as cost stickiness determinants, remain significant in the model including accounting conservatism. Moreover, the findings show that sticky cost behavior distorts inferences about standard demand drivers of conservatism such as leverage and size. ,The findings are interesting and provide a better understanding of cost stickiness and conditional conservatism, and the interaction between these two phenomena in the international context, across country groups and across industries. To the best of the author’s knowledge, the study is the first one including free cash flow as a proxy for agency problem in the full model combining conservatism and cost stickiness models (Banker et al., 2016).
Seven-Year Follow-Up of Screening for Hypertension and Diabetes at a Dental Clinic

Objective: To describe the distribution of risk, diagnosis and pharmacological treatments for diabetes and hypertension after seven years among patients provided with opportunistic medical screening in a dental setting. Material and Methods: The initial screening’s 170 participants were asked to take part in a seven-year follow-up study. Data were collected through self-reported information in a written health declaration. Outcome measures: • Number of study participants who had passed away • Prescription of antidiabetics or antihypertensives • Changes in weight and height to calculate body mass index (BMI) Results: The follow-up study consisted of 151 participants. Twenty had passed away. The risk needs for medicating with antihypertensive drugs after seven years for those not receiving pharmacological treatment at the initial screening was 3.7 times greater (p=0.025 CI 1.2-11.3) for participants with a diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 90 mm Hg (85 for diabetics) than for the others. The risk was 3.9 times greater (p=0.020 CI 1.2-12.6) for those with a systolic BP of 140-159 mm Hg and 54.2 times greater (p<0.0001 CI 9.8-300.3) for those with a systolic BP ≥ 160 mm Hg than for those with a systolic BP 140 mm Hg. There were no changes in BMI. Conclusion: At least one in ten cases of incorrect medication or undiagnosed hypertension may be identifiable through opportunistic medical screening
The work of university research administrators: Praxis and professionalization

As part of a project on the social production of social science research, 19 research administrators (RAs) in five Canadian universities were interviewed about work, careers, and professionalization. While rarely featured in the higher education literature, RAs have become an important source of assistance to academics, who are increasingly expected to obtain and manage external research funding. RAs perform multiple roles, notably assisting with the complexities of grant-hunting as well as managing ethical clearance, knowledge mobilization, and related activities. Aspects normally associated with professionalization include organizations that control entry, higher degrees in the field, and clear career paths, all of which are somewhat compromised in the case of RAs. Nevertheless, most of the participants regard research administration as a profession, and we argue that it is more important to focus on the sensemaking and identity formation of these mostly female staff than to apply abstract criteria. Although their efforts do little to challenge a culture of performativity in the academy, and indeed may be regarded as supporting it, the RAs have defined for themselves a praxis dedicated to easing the burdens of the academics, helping one another, and contributing to the greater good of the university and the research enterprise.
Analysis of Multilayer Patch Antenna

This paper analyzes the stacked patch antenna. The anticipated antenna employments gap coupled procedure. The frequency can be adjusted by switching, which can underpins numerous frequency ranges between 2 GHz to 6 GHz with ideal return loss and fine execution. The proposed antenna improves the assembly of aperture-coupled multilayered stacked patch to extend the transmission capacity. This plan employments diverse structures of the gap openings, is engraved onto the ground plane couple with nourish line and stacked fix. The gap spaces are utilized to emanate the waves for the particular transmitting patches to realize the recurrence re-configurability. In ON state the radio wire is anticipating its working point at double frequencies as 3.2 GHz and 4.2 GHz. In OFF state the radio wire can reverberate at 5.3 GHz. These frequencies are well reasonable for higher recurrence applications like WLAN and Wi-MAX. Keywords— Reconfigurable antenna, Microstrip Patch, Radiation pattern, S-parameters, Stacked patch
Emotion word type should be incorporated in affective neurolinguistics: a commentary on Hinojosa, Moreno and Ferré (2019)

ABSTRACT In this brief commentary, we propose the emotion word type that has not been elucidated in the review (Hinojosa, J. A., Moreno, E. M., & Ferré, P. (2019). Affective neurolinguistics: Towards a framework for reconciling language and emotion. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/23273798.2019. 1620957) should be incorporated in affective neurolinguistics. Emotion words, as a category against neutral words, are a mixture of two sub types: emotion-label words (e.g. joy, sorrow) and emotion-laden words (e.g. reward, snake). Differences between the two kinds of words have been confirmed in numerous studies. The discrepancy of the two types of words has the potential of contributing to the definition and categorisation of emotion words and provides a new interface for affective neurolinguistics, affective neuroscience, and cognitive neuroscience.
Effect of Aegle marmelos methanolic extracts of leaf and fruit pulp on learning and memory in albino rats

Background: The objective was to study the effect of Aegle marmelos methanolic extracts of leaf (LE) and fruit pulp extract (FE) on learning and memory in albino rats. 40 healthy wistar albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into 10 groups of 4 each (n=4), weighing about 150 to 200 gm were selected for the study. The extracts i.e. 1ml of 1% carboxy methyl cellulose, LE and FE at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered per oral one hour before the experiment. Methods: Learning and memory was assessed by elevated plus maze and Hebb William maze. Latency time and number of entries were assessed by elevated plus maze whereas only latency was assessed by Hebb William maze. Results: Plant extracts of LE and FE at doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg have shown significant percentage reduction in latency time in elevated plus maze and Hebb William maze (p<0.05) and reduction in the number of entries in elevated plus maze. Conclusions: LE and FE at doses 200 mg/kg have shown significant effect on learning and memory.
On the semiclassical perturbation Stark shifts of Ar II spectral lines

We present in this paper Stark shifts as a function of temperature for 20 spectral lines of Ar II belonging to 4p 4d transition array. Calculations are made using semiclassical perturbation approach in impact approximation. Atomic data used in this calculation are carried out using Hartree-Fock method with relativistic corrections. Singly charged argon (Ar II) spectral lines are observed in many astrophysical plasmas. Ar II spectral lines are also important for laboratory plasmas and laser physics and technology.
Using Cilantro (Coriandrum Sativum) to Remove Cadmium from Contaminated Water

Accessibility to safe drinking water poses great risks to human health since heavy metal ions can accumulate their amounts along the food chain. Methods already in use for cleaning contaminated water have resulted in generating toxic sludge and are expensive. Cilantro leaves has been used to reduce the contamination of heavy metals like lead, mercury and copper in rod shellfish as contains bioactive components of flavonoids, saponines and fibers which are capable of absorbing heavy metal ions by chelating action. However, the most effective part of cilantro and the most effective form i.e. when green or dry has not been reported. Consequently, the present study aimed at investigating adsorption of Cd2+ ions by fresh and dry cilantro leaves and stems from simulated water. Cilantro fresh leaves and fresh stems were grounded to obtain the wet adsorbents while for the dry adsorbents, fresh cilantro leaves and stems were sun dried at room temperature until their weighed dry masses remained constant and grounded to fine powder. Batch sorption studies were carried out while varying parameters of contact time, shaking speed, temperature, adsorbent dose, pH and initial concentration of metal ions in solution. Residue Cd2+ ions concentrations were determined using atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). The adsorption of Cd2+ ions was described by Langmuir isotherm with Qmax values of 250.00, 51.28, 4.68 and 15.06 mg/g for fresh leaves (FL), fresh stems (FS), dry leaves (DL) and dry stems (DS) biomasses respectively. The results from this study suggest that fresh and dry cilantro leaves and stems are potential adsorbents of Cd2+ ions.
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Diagnosis and Surgical Management

The incidence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) among North Americans with cervical myelopathy has recently increased from 2% to 25%, a figure that approaches the 27% figure noted in Japan. This increase reflects improved magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography (CT), and myelo-CT recognition of segmental, mixed, continuous, and other OPLL. Definition of a new, earlier form of OPLL, OPLL in evolution, and differentiation of this form of OPLL from multilevel disc disease, have also increased the frequency of OPLL. Postoperative outcomes following anterior (anterior corpectomy and fusion, anterior diskectomy and fusion), or posterior (laminectomy, laminoplasty) cervical surgery from different OPLL series were compared using Ranawat's Neurological Classes and Grades. Superior surgical results could not be attributed to either anterior or posterior surgical OPLL techniques. Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring, awake intubation, and awake positioning appeared to contribute to the elimination of postoperative quadriplegia and radicular injury in our OPLL study.
Plasma AXIN1 expression exhibit negative correlations with inflammatory biomarkers and is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in endometriosis

The cytoplasmic protein AXIN1 is involved in the Wnt signalling pathway and its expression is increased in patients with endometriosis compared with healthy controls. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to further assess the levels of AXIN1 and other inflammatory biomarkers in patients with endometriosis. Patients with laparoscopy-verified endometriosis were recruited (n=172) and completed a questionnaire regarding socioeconomic factors, lifestyle habits and medical history. Plasma AXIN1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were analysed by ELISA. The levels of calprotectin were determined in the faeces, and the haemoglobin concentration and number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets were determined in the blood in a subgroup of 64 patients during clinical routine procedures. F-calprotectin expression was detected in 18 women (28.1%), who had more severe constipation and more frequently experienced incomplete evacuation when defecating, and 5 women (7.8%) exhibited elevated levels. P-AXIN1 levels were higher in patients who received hormonal treatment, and correlated inversely with faecal-calprotectin levels (P=0.003), B-haemoglobin levels (P=0.030) and the numbers of B-erythrocytes (P=0.033) and B-platelets (P=0.017), but were not correlated with hs-CRP levels (P=0.818). Higher levels of AXIN1 were associated with the duration of the gastrointestinal symptoms and with diarrhoea, constipation, vomiting and nausea and the intestinal symptoms' effect on quality of life, and tended to be associated with the duration of endometriosis. Hs-CRP expression was not associated with the clinical characteristics or symptoms of endometriosis, but higher levels were associated with obesity (P=0.002) and hormonal treatment (P=0.011). In conclusion, P-AXIN1 expression was negatively correlated with certain inflammatory biomarkers and was positively associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. P-AXIN1 levels were increased in patients who received hormonal treatment, highlighting the importance of obtaining native samples for future studies regarding its role in the development and presentation of endometriosis. However, hs-CRP and other studied biomarkers seemed to be of no value for the assessment and diagnosis of endometriosis.
Money: An Integrated Review and Synthesis From a Psychological Perspective

Many empirical studies have demonstrated the psychological effects of various aspects of money, including the aspiration for money, mere thoughts about money, possession of money, and placement of people in economic contexts. Although multiple aspects of money and varied methodologies have been focused on and implemented, the underlying mechanisms of the empirical findings from these seemingly isolated areas significantly overlap. In this article, we operationalize money as a broad concept and take a novel approach by providing an integrated review of the literature and identifying five major streams of mechanisms: (a) self-focused behavior; (b) inhibited other-oriented behavior; (c) favoring of a self–other distinction; (d) money’s relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy; and (e) goal pursuit, objectification, outcome maximization, and unethicality. Moreover, we propose a unified psychological perspective for the future—money as an embodiment of social distinction—which could potentially account for past findings and generate future work.