Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and psychiatric traits and disorders in adolescents and adults

Epidemiological research shows that smoking is associated with psychiatric disorders and psychotic experiences, even after controlling for confounds such as cannabis use and sleep problems. We investigated degree of genetic overlap and tested for causal associations between smoking and psychiatric traits and disorders using genetic data. We tested whether genetic associations existed beyond genetic influences shared with confounding variables.Genetic correlations were estimated with LD-score regression between smoking behaviours (N=262,990-632,802) and psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression; N=41,653-173,005), psychotic experiences in adolescents (N=6,297-10,098) and adults (N=116,787-117,794) and adult schizotypy (N=3,967-4,057). Genomic Structural Equation Modelling was performed to explore the associations while accounting for genetic influences of confounders (cannabis and alcohol use, risk-taking and insomnia). Causal associations were tested using Generalized Summary-based Mendelian Randomization (GSMR). Significant genetic correlations were found between smoking and psychiatric disorders (rg = .10 - .38) and adult PE (rg = .33 - .40). After accounting for covarying genetic influences, genetic associations between most smoking phenotypes and schizophrenia and depression remained but not between smoking behaviours and bipolar disorder or most psychotic experiences. GSMR results supported a causal role of smoking initiation on psychiatric disorders and adolescent cognitive and negative psychotic experiences.Pleiotropy between smoking behaviours and schizophrenia and depression exists beyond the common genetic basis of known confounders. Smoking also appears to be causally associated with psychiatric disorders and with cognitive PEs and negative symptoms during adolescence. Exploration of the biological links underlying smoking and psychiatric illness would be well-justified.
Prevalence, Determinants, and Reasons for the Non-Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions by Pharmacists in the Miyagi and Hokkaido Regions of Japan

Little is known about the potential of adverse drug reaction (ADR) non-reporting by Japanese pharmacists. The aim of the present study was to clarify the prevalence, determinants, and reasons for ADR non-reporting by pharmacists in the Miyagi and Hokkaido regions of Japan. In this cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire-based study, we contacted 3,164 pharmacists who belonged to the Miyagi Prefecture Hospital Pharmacists Association or the Hokkaido Society of Hospital Pharmacists during the 3-month period between January to March 2013. Of the 1,795 respondents 22.4% were <30 years of age, 25.6% were ≥ 50 years of age, and 42.1% were female. A total of 77.6% of the respondents did not have a personal history of ADR reporting. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female sex (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.97), having <10 years of practical experience (2.59, 1.39-4.82 for 5-9 years; 7.03, 2.94-16.83 for <5 years), working at a community pharmacy or drugstore (1.90, 1.16-3.12), having <5 pharmacists in the workplace (2.01, 1.48-2.75), and not understanding the ADR reporting system (5.93, 4.23-8.33) were significantly and independently associated with not having a personal history of ADR reporting. The most common reason for ADR non-reporting was “It was a well-known adverse drug reaction” (43.0%) followed by “Association between the drug and adverse reaction was not clear” (38.0%), “It was a minor adverse drug reaction” (29.0%), “Did not know how to make a report” (17.4%), and “Never been consulted about ADRs” (17.2%). As an understanding the ADR reporting system was strongly associated with ADR reporting, a more aggressive promotion of the ADR reporting system among pharmacists is warranted.
Maximum Thrust per Ampere of Linear Induction Machine Based on Finite-Set Model Predictive Direct Thrust Control

One of the methods that is used to increase the efficiency of the linear induction machine (LIM) is the maximum thrust per ampere (MTPA), where the same thrust can be achieved with a lower value of the primary current. Consequently, the power loss can be decreased and the efficiency be increased. However, so far, no quantitative focus exists to increase the efficiency of the LIM. This article proposes the MTPA-based finite-set model predictive control. The concept of field-oriented control is used to achieve the condition of MTPA. Based on this condition, the proposed control method can be developed by adjusting the value of the primary flux linkage. The proposed control method depends on both thrust and primary flux linkage and this proposed method is called finite-set model predictive direct thrust control (FS-MPDTC). Comparison between the FS-MPDTCs with and without MTPA is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. A prototype test platform is developed in the laboratory with two 3 kW arc induction machines to verify the proposed method. Analysis for both comprehensive simulation and experimental results are conducted in this article.
Winds and feedback from supermassive black holes accreting at low rates

The local universe is dominated by quiescent galaxies with little or no ongoing star formation. Once star formation has been shut down in a possible quasar phase, energy feedback in the form of outflows from a supermassive black hole (SMBH) accreting at a low rate is one of the leading candidates for heating up or removing gas accreted afterwards. In this work we performed hydrodynamic simulations of radiatively inefficient accretion flows around supermassive black holes and investigate the generation of outflows by the accretion flow. We found that hot accretion flows can produce powerful subrelativistic winds that carry considerable amounts of energy away and they can provide feedback inside the host galaxy.
Voluntary actions modulate perception and neural representation of action-consequences in a hand-dependent manner

Evoked neural activity in sensory regions, and perception of sensory stimuli, are modulated when the stimuli are the consequence of voluntary movement as opposed to an external source. It has been suggested that such modulations are due to efference copies of the motor command that are sent to relevant sensory regions during voluntary movement. Given the anatomical-functional laterality bias of the motor system, it is plausible that the pattern of such behavioral and neural sensory modulations will exhibit a similar bias, depending on the effector that was used to trigger the stimulus (e.g. right / left hand). Here we examined this issue in the visual domain using behavioral and neural measures (fMRI). Healthy participants judged the relative brightness of identical visual stimuli that were either self-triggered (using right or left hand button presses), or triggered by the computer. By presenting stimuli to either the right or left visual field, we biased visual-evoked responses to left / right visual cortex. We found stronger perceptual modulations when the triggering hand was ipsi (rather than contra) lateral to the stimulated visual field. At the neural level, we found that despite identical physical properties of the visual consequence, evoked fMRI responses in right and left visual cortices differentiate the identity of the triggering hand (left / right). Our findings support a model in which voluntary actions induce sensory modulations that follow the anatomical-functional bias of the motor system.
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS DAN FREE CASH FLOW TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN DENGAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

Abstrak Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui tentang Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Free Cash Flow terhadap Kebijakan Dividen dengan Good Corpotate Governance sebagai Variabel Intervening”. penulis mengembangkan penelitian tersebut dengan menambah 2 variabel baru untuk diteliti dan menambah jumlah sampel perusahaaan dikarenakan dari hasil analisis sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Sulistiyowati, Anggaraini, dan Utaminingtyas (2010) menunjukkan bahwa dengan analisis regresi berganda tidak ada satupun variabel independen dan variabel kontrol yang secara statistik berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen. Begitu pula dengan pengujian path analysis yang menyatakan bahwa profitabilitas, leverage, dan growth tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen dengan good corporate governance sebagai variabel intervening. Peneltian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak dalam bidang perdaggangan dan perindustrian yang masuk dalam pemeringkatan Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) yang dilakukan oleh The Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG) tahun 2016,2017 dan 2018 serta menerbitkan laporan keuangan per 31 Desember. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penggabungan (pooled data untuk tahun 2016,2017 dan 2018). Hasil penelitian ini Nilai koefisien regresi Likuiditas (X1) 0,105 dan tingkat signifikan 0,805,dan koefisien regresi likuiditas -115 dan tingkat signifikan 0,790.Berdasarkan hasil yang ditinjau dari nilai signifiknasinya diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa likuiditas dan free cash flow tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen.Hal ini dikarenakan nilai signifikanya diatas 0,05 dan sesuai dengan standar yang ada bahwa dapat dikatakan signifikan apabila dibawah 0,05.Hal ini menunjukan bahwa hipotesis 1 (H1) dan hipotesis 2 (H2) ditolak, dimana tidak ada pengaruh likuiditas dan free cash flow terhadap kebijakan dividen. Hasil Uji T tanpa ditambahkan variabel interveningnya adalah pada ikuiditas sebesar -0,583 dan free cash flow -0,722.Sedangkan hasil Uji T setelah ditambahkan dengan variabel interveningnya yaitu good corporate governance berubah untuk likuiditas menjadi 0,254 dan free cash flow -275. Hasil diatas menunjukan bahwa Hipotesis 3 (H3) dapat diterima yaitu terdapat pengaruh likuiditas dan free cash flow terhadap kebijakan dividen dengan good corporate governance sebagai variabel intervening. Kata Kunci: Likuiditas,Free Cash Flow, Good Corporate Governance, Kebijakan Deviden
Investigating genetic determinants of ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common form of inflammatory arthritis, occurring in approximately 0.1% of the British and Finnish populations. The genetic contribution to the disease susceptibility accounts for >90% of the population variance, and the disease severity is also predominantly genetically determined. HLA-B27 has been strongly associated with the disease world-wide, but although it is almost essential for the inheritance of AS, the attributable risk of HLA-B27 has been estimated to be 16-50%, leaving a large component of the genetic variance to be discovered. The influence of a positional and biological candidate gene, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1), was investigated in a Finnish and British population. A weak association between the rare TGFB1 1627 T allele and susceptibility to, and age of symptom onset of, AS was noted. However the lack of association of TGFB1 promoter polymorphisms, which are in LD with the TGFB1 1627 alleles, with AS in families with positive non-parametric linkage scores at the locus indicates that these polymorphisms do not explain the observed linkage of disease susceptibility to chromosome 19. A novel high throughput HLA-DRB1 genotyping method based on multiplex primer extension reactions was developed. This method allows rapid and cost-effective screening of a large number of samples. The effect of HLA genes and haplotypes in susceptibility to, and severity of, AS was investigated in the Finnish population. An overrepresentation of HLA-B27 homozygotes was noted in cases with AS compared with the expected number of HLAB27 homozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Significant associations between both HLA-B27 and HLA-DRB1*08 and a younger age of symptom onset was noted suggesting that genes within the MHC are involved in determining the age of symptom onset. A haplotype-based case-control study noted no association between HLA-DRB1-B27 haplotypes and AS susceptibility, but this study was underpowered. The effect of CYP2D6*4 poor metaboliser allele was investigated in the Finnish AS families. No association was noted, but due to lack of power this study could not exclude a true positive association with the disease. In summary, a novel HLA-DRB1 genotyping technique was developed to enable the assessment of the contribution of HLA-DRB1 genes in a large number of AS samples. HLA-B27 homozygosity was increased in cases with AS compared with the expected number of HLA-B27 homozygotes. HLA-B27 and HLA-DRB1*08 alleles were significantly associated with a younger age of symptom onset in AS. TGFB1 gene polymorphisms do not appear to have a major impact in AS.
Geomorphic and Land Use Controls on Headwater Channel Morphology in Mark Twain National Forest

Prescribed burning has been used over the past two decades to manage forests and restore shortleaf pine-oak woodlands in Mark Twain National Forest (MTNF). While soil studies have been completed, no assessments of burning practices on small drainage channel systems have yet been done. Headwater streams may account for more than two-thirds of total stream length and are important to the maintenance of hydrologic connectivity in watersheds. This study’s focus is on understanding the relationship between frequency of forest burning and channel morphology (size, shape, and substrate) of headwater streams (<1 km2). A combination of field measurements, geo-processing methods, hydraulic modeling, and statistical analysis will be used to analyze channel form, substrate properties, and tree/down wood composition in headwater stream channels. Thirty eight channel sites were assessed with drainage areas ranging from 0.003 0.2 km2; reach slopes from 2 34%; bank-full channel widths from 0.4 10 m; average depths from 0.02 0.29 m; and areas from 0.01 – 2.2 m2. Valley width and drainage area were found to be the best overall predictors of channel form (r2= >0.70). Stepwise regression models improved single parameter morphology equations (r2= >0.85). Channel slope and elevation are important variables describing sediment size (r2=0.35-0.63). In-channel LWD and tree basal area equations were also developed (r2= 0.41-0.54). Importantly, land use factors such as roads, timber harvest, and prescribed burning had little effect on channel morphology. In Big Barren Creek watershed, headwater channel systems were located within colluvial-alluvial transition zones, included both singleand multiple-threaded forms, and were quantified by traditional hydraulic geometry analysis.
Current management of onychomycosis : An overview : Advances in clinical research

Onychomycosis is a common condition, particularly among men and the elderly. The management of onychomycosis can be divided into topical and oral antifungal agents and surgical therapy. During the past few years, three new oral antimycotics-itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole-have had increasing use for the treatment of onychomycosis. These agents have a favorable adverse effect profile and appear to be more cost-effective than griseofulvin. They have resulted in the shortening of the treatment duration for onychomycosis, particularly pedal disease.
Spectral ellipsometry of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides: Analysis of excitonic peaks in dispersion

Optical constants of monolayers MoS2 and WS2 were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral range 365–1700 nm. Analysis of ellipsometry spectra was carried out, taking into account the excitonic nature of dispersion. In the considered wavelength range, excitons originate from different interband transitions. As a result, they can be described via Tauc–Lorentz oscillators, one for each exciton. The scalability and universality of such an approach could be applied for the extended wavelength range and to the other transition metal dichalcogenides.Optical constants of monolayers MoS2 and WS2 were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral range 365–1700 nm. Analysis of ellipsometry spectra was carried out, taking into account the excitonic nature of dispersion. In the considered wavelength range, excitons originate from different interband transitions. As a result, they can be described via Tauc–Lorentz oscillators, one for each exciton. The scalability and universality of such an approach could be applied for the extended wavelength range and to the other transition metal dichalcogenides.
Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) Interference, Control and Recovery under Different Management Practices and its Effects on the Grain Yield and Quality of Maize Crop

Maize is an important crop grown on significant acreage around the world, and a major constraint for its growth is weed interference. Thus, field studies were conducted to examine johnsongrass interference, control, and recovery under different management practices and its effects on maize. Our results indicated that the most johnsongrass aboveground biomass was recorded in the nontreated and weed-infested for 55 days after sowing (DAS) treatments, while the lowest values were in nicosulfuron treatments (48 and 60 g a.i./ha). Among the various herbicide treatments, the greatest johnsongrass aboveground biomass was recorded in the isoxaflutole (applied pre-emergence at 99 g a.i./ha) + 1 hoeing treatment. Johnsongrass aboveground biomass at 78–85 DAS was 1.4- to 6.0-fold greater than that at 55 DAS, revealing johnsongrass recovery after nicosulfuron treatments. Johnsongrass competition had a significant impact on maize growth and grain yield. The main crop parameters, such as aboveground biomass, grain yield, and protein content, were lowest in the nontreated and weed-infested for 55 DAS treatments, while the greatest values of these parameters were recorded in the weed-free and nicosulfuron treatments. In conclusion, our results indicated that timely and effective chemical control of johnsongrass is essential for improving grain yield and quality of maize.
Effects of dietary levan-type fructan on growth performance, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emissions, and litter performance in lactating sows

Abstract: In total, 28 multiparous sows (n = 7) and their litters were used to determine the effects of levan-type fructan supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fecal noxious gas emissions. The dietary treatments included (1) CON, basal diet; (2) FC1, CON + 0.1% fructan; (3) FC2, CON + 0.2% fructan; and (4) FC3, CON + 0.3% fructan. No significant differences were observed (P > 0.05) in body weight (BW), average daily feed intake, or back fat loss in lactating sows among treatments. However, blood lymphocyte concentrates were higher (P < 0.05) in sows fed levan-containing diets than in those fed the CON diet. Weaning BW and overall average daily gain (ADG) of piglets in the FC3 treatment were higher (P < 0.05) than piglets in the CON treatment. Blood lymphocytes and nutrient digestibility of sows, as well as the weaning BW and the ADG of piglets were increased linearly (P < 0.05) as the concentration of levan increased in the diet. The diarrhea score of piglets and the fecal gas emissions of sows decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary levan increased. In conclusion, levan supplementation did not affect feed intake or decrease back fat loss of lactating sows, but it improved nutrient digestibility and immune ability, decreased fecal noxious gas emissions of lactating sows, and it improved growth performance and reduced diarrhea in piglets.
Clinical Social Workers, Gender, and Perceptions of Political Participation

Political participation to create social change is considered a professional and ethical imperative for social workers. Although researchers have examined overall political participation by social workers, little is known about how clinical social workers participate and the broader societal factors that influence their political participation. A critical phenomenological methodology was used with a sample of 23 clinical social workers from New England states to (1) identify how socio-political forces influenced their political activity; and, (2) understand how the concept of power affected individuals’ level of engagement or inclination toward the political process. This article describes one of the study’s major findings. Female participants described themselves as unqualified and/or unknowledgeable in the political sphere, with low levels of ambition and confidence to engage in political processes. Many female participants also described the challenges of achieving a work-life balance between their careers and traditional gender-based roles with little time left for political engagement. Social work education and policy advocacy can affect change that will increase the internal and external efficacy of social workers and create a policy environment that allows more options for all social workers in balancing the demands of professional and personal lives.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Robust Phase Gradient Estimation for Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping Using SAR Interferograms

Two-dimensional phase unwrapping (2-D PU) is one of the key processes in reconstructing the topography or displacement of the Earth surface from its interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. Estimating the absolute phase gradient information is an unavoidable step utilized by almost all the 2-D PU methods. Traditionally, the gradient estimation step relies on the phase continuity assumption, which requests that the observed area has spatial continuity. However, the abrupt topographic changes and system noise usually results in the failure of the phase continuity assumption in reality. Under this condition, it is difficult for the traditional 2-D PU to provide the correct absolute phase over the area with abrupt interferometric fringe change or with strong system noise. To solve the issue, we propose a novel deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), abbreviated as PGNet, to estimate the phase gradient information instead of the phase continuity assumption in this article. The major advantage of PGNet lies in its deep architecture to learn the characteristics of phase gradients from enormous training images with different noise levels and topographic features. Subsequently, the $L^{1}$ -norm objective function is used to minimize the difference between unwrapped phase gradients and the gradients estimated by PGNet for obtaining the final PU result. Taking the phase gradient pattern of the TerraSAR-X-TanDEM-X interferogram as the learning object, experimental results demonstrate the absolute phase gradient estimated by PGNet is more credible than that from the phase continuity assumption such that the corresponding PU result outperforms those obtained by the traditional 2-D PU methods.