Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S100A8-enriched microglia populate the brain of tau-seeded and accelerated aging mice

Long considered to fluctuate between pro- and anti-inflammatory states, it has now become evident that microglia occupy a variegated phenotypic landscape with relevance to aging and neurodegeneration. However, whether specific microglial subsets converge in or contribute to both processes that eventually affect brain function is less clear. To investigate this, we analyzed microglial heterogeneity in a tauopathy mouse model (K18-seeded P301L) and an accelerated aging model (senescence accelerated mouse prone 8, SAMP8) using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing. We found that widespread tau pathology in K18-seeded P301L mice caused a significant change in the number and morphology of microglia, but only a mild overrepresentation of disease-associated microglia. At the cell population-level, we observed a marked upregulation of the calprotectin-encoding genes S100a8 and S100a9. In 9-months-old SAMP8 mice, we identified a unique microglial subpopulation that showed partial similarity with the disease-associated microglia phenotype and was additionally characterized by a high expression of the same calprotectin gene set. Immunostaining for S100A8 revealed that this population was enriched in the hippocampus, correlating with the cognitive impairment observed in this model. However, incomplete colocalization between their residence and markers of neuronal loss suggests regional specificity. Importantly, S100A8-positive microglia were also retrieved in brain biopsies of human AD and tauopathy patients as well as in a biopsy of an aged individual without reported pathology. Thus, the emergence of S100A8-positive microglia portrays a conspicuous commonality between accelerated aging and tauopathy progression, which may have relevance for ensuing brain dysfunction. Graphical abstract
The prevalence of copy number increase at multiallelic CNVs associated with cave colonization in Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus)

Copy number variation is a common contributor to phenotypic diversity, yet its involvement in ecological adaptation is not easily discerned. Instances of parallelly evolving populations of the same species in a similar environment marked by strong selective pressures present opportunities to study the role of copy number variants (CNVs) in adaptation. By identifying CNVs that repeatedly occur in multiple populations of the derived ecotype and are not (or are rarely) present in the populations of the ancestral ecotype, the association of such CNVs with adaptation to the novel environment can be inferred. We used this paradigm to identify CNVs associated with recurrent adaptation of the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) to cave environment. Using a read-depth approach, we detected CNVs from previously re-sequenced genomes of 44 individuals belonging to two ancestral surface and three derived cave populations. We identified 102 genes and 292 genomic regions that repeatedly diverge in copy number between the two ecotypes and occupy 0.8% of the reference genome. Functional analysis revealed their association with processes previously recognized to be relevant for adaptation, such as vision, immunity, oxygen consumption, metabolism, and neural function and we propose that these variants have been selected for in the cave or surface waters. The majority of the ecotype-divergent CNVs are multiallelic and display copy-number increases in cave fish compared to surface fish. Our findings suggest that multiallelic CNVs - including gene duplications, and divergence in copy number provide a fast route to produce novel phenotypes associated with adaptation to subterranean life. Significance Statement Duplications and deletions of genomic sequences occur frequently within a population. Such inter-individual difference in the amount of genetic material is known as copy number variation and is associated with differences in phenotypic traits. Despite its pervasiveness, the evolutionary impact of copy number variation in complex organisms is difficult to discern, primarily due to the infeasibility of setting up evolutionary experiments in the laboratory. Instances of multiple populations that evolved the same traits in similar environments represent naturally occurring evolutionary experiments and valuable opportunities to study the molecular basis of adaptation. Mexican tetra represents such a system and we use the genomes of surface and cave-dwelling populations to study the role of copy number variation in the recurrent cave adaptation.
Dual-Polarimetric signatures of vegetation - a case study Biebrza

The main objective of the research presented in this article is to analyse the polarimetric charac- teristics of three main types of natural vegetation occurring in the Biebrza National Park - forests, shrubs and non-forest land communities covering wetlands. The variability of many different polarimetric products of signal decomposition, depending on the type of vegetation, the microwave image acquisition period and the method of their preliminary treatment, was analysed. An attempt was also made to assess how much polari- metric methods can be useful for modelling biophysical parameters of vegetation. The study used six dual- polarized (HH and HV) ALOS satellite images recorded during the growing season in the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. The images were processed in parallel, using different parameters, in order to estimate the impact of the spatial resolution of images and methods of speckle noise filtering on the value of polarimetric charac- teristics of different types of vegetation. All methods of polarimetric signal decompositions available using ESA POLSARPRO 4.2 software were tested. Three of them, i.e. the Alpha parameter from the H/A/Alpha decomposition (Cloud and Pottier, 1996) containing information about the dominant scattering mechanisms and two types of entropy: the entropy from the H/A/Alpha decomposition and the Shannon Entropy were selected for further analysis. The analysed years differed quite significantly from one another in the agro-meteorological conditions of plant growth. It was a cause of significant differences between the values of polarimetric characteristics in images recorded at the same season but in different years. During the growing season individual products of po- larimetric signal decomposition are characterized by different variability. This demonstrates the dependence of different polarimetric characteristics on various biophysical parameters of the environment. It was ob- served that they are characterized by greater information content than the backscattering coefficient, espe- cially if they are subjected to the process of increasing the resolution (oversampling). They can be used to model the biophysical parameters of vegetation.
An Empirical Study of Bugs in Open-Source Federated Learning Framework

Federated learning (FL), as a decentralized machine learning so-lution to the protection of users’ private data, has become an important learning paradigm in recent years, especially since the enforcement of stricter laws and regulations in most countries. Therefore, a variety of FL frameworks are released to facilitate the development and application of federated learning. Despite the considerable amount of research on the security and privacy of FL models and systems, the security issues in FL frameworks have not been systematically studied yet. In this paper, we conduct the first empirical study on 1,112 FL framework bugs to investigate their characteristics. These bugs are manually collected, classified, and labeled from 12 open-source FL frameworks on GitHub. In detail, we construct taxonomies of 15 symptoms, 12 root causes, and 20 fix patterns of these bugs and investigate their correlations and distributions on 23 logical components and two main application scenarios. From the results of our study, we present nine findings, discuss their implications, and propound several suggestions to FL framework developers and security researchers on the FL frameworks.
Health Belief Model as a predictor of Self-Breast Examination Behaviors among Female Shaqra University Students

: Breast cancer is one of the most important health problems facing women today. Breast cancer is known to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths after lung cancer in Saudi Arabia. Worldwide, breast cancer is the third most frequent cancer in the world and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Saudi Arabia is a country that provides free healthcare services, but the rates of breast cancer screening are very low. This contradiction between the availability of free healthcare services and Saudi women not utilizing these services necessitates an in-depth understanding of the health-related beliefs and obstacles towards breast cancer screening among women. In this study, the researcher assessed the relationship between self-breast examination behaviors and health belief model, variables were investigated using an analytical cross-sectional study and convenience sample of Shaqra university female students (400) by the Self-administered survey, Breast cancer awareness measure, and Champion health belief model. The scale measured the self-breast examination behaviors in relation to the health belief model. Correlational statistics were used to determine the relationships. The study revealed that there was a high percentage of female university students that had unsatisfactory knowledge, negative attitudes, and poor practice regarding the self-breast examination. The study recommended that breast cancer awareness programs should be conducted in Shaqra university on a regular basis and should focus on removing perceived obstacles to screening and enhancing self-efficacy among female students. Policymakers should integrate breast cancer awareness programs in the routine programs provided in all hospitals and healthcare centers.
Search for new light gauge bosons in Higgs boson decays to four-lepton final states in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

This paper presents a search for Higgs bosons decaying to four leptons, either electrons or muons, via one or two light exotic gauge bosons Z d , H → ZZ d → 4 l or H → Z d Z d → 4 l . The search was performed using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 20 fb − 1 at the center-of-mass energy of ﬃﬃﬃ s p ¼ 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed data are well described by the Standard Model prediction. Upper bounds on the branching ratio of H → ZZ d → 4 l and on the kinetic mixing parameter between the Z d and the Standard Model hypercharge gauge boson are set in the range ð 1 – 9 Þ × 10 − 5 and ð 4 – 17 Þ × 10 − 2 respectively, at 95% confidence level assuming the Standard Model branching ratio of H → ZZ (cid:2) → 4 l , for Z d masses between 15 and 55 GeV. Upper bounds on the effective mass mixing parameter between the Z and the Z d are also set using the branching ratio limits in the H → ZZ d → 4 l search, and are in the range ð 1 . 5 – 8 . 7 Þ × 10 − 4 for 15 < m Z d < 35 GeV. Upper bounds on the branching ratio of H → Z d Z d → 4 l and on the Higgs portal coupling parameter, controlling the strength of the coupling of the Higgs boson to dark vector bosons are set in the range ð 2 – 3 Þ × 10 − 5 and ð 1 – 10 Þ × 10 − 4 respectively, at 95% confidence level assuming the Standard Model Higgs boson production cross sections, for Z d masses between 15 and 60 GeV.
Effect of Self-Care Guidelines on the Knowledge, Practice and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Disease

: Background: Self-care guidelines for patients with chronic heart failure disease (CHFD) is considered as a strategy for promoting their knowledge, practice and clinical outcomes. Aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effect of self-care guidelines on knowledge, practice and clinical outcomes of patients with CHFD through the following: 1) assessment of knowledge, practice and clinical outcomes of patients with CHFD. 2) developing and implementing self-care guidelines. 3) evaluating the effect of self-care guidelines on knowledge, practice and clinical outcomes of patients with CHFD. Study design: a quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: the study was conducted at cardiac outpatients’ clinics at Ain Shams university hospitals. Subject: a purposive sample of 60 patients with chronic heart failure disease were select. Data collection tools: 1) patients’ assessment tool 2) patient’s knowledge assessment tool regarding CHFD 3) patients’ practice observational checklists and 4) patients’ clinical outcomes assessment tool. Results: there were significant improvement in the studied patients’ knowledge, practice and clinical outcomes post guideline implementation compared to pre. Conclusion: application of self-care guidelines for patients with CHFD has positive effect on improving knowledge, practice and clinical outcomes regarding dyspnea, sleep quality, fatigue and mood. Recommendations: Further researches are recommended periodically to be carrying out on new approaches in the area of management of patients with CHFD and evaluate its effect on patients’ outcomes. Replication of the current study on a larger probability sample is recommended to achieve generalization of the results and wider utilization of the designed program. Establish interdisciplinary approach in management of CHFD.
Quality of Life for Tracheostomized Patients in Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia

: Background: Literature has proven the effectiveness of tracheostomy as well as its outcomes of health-related quality of life. Quality of life is the standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group, and as tracheostomy affects the health, it surly has negative impact on health-related quality of life of patients. Aim of the study: To assess the quality of life of tracheostomized patient immediately (one week) and three months post procedure. Methodology: A Prospective descriptive exploratory design, purposive sample of 80 patient with permanent tracheostomy ,the tool used in the present study is the modified version of quality of life scale . University of Washington, It is developed by Vinciya Pandian 2015 . The tool consisted of 2 parts demographic characteristics , Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for Mechanically Ventilated Patients Undergoing a Tracheostomy. Results: showed that participants in this study reported poor quality of life in general immediately and slightly improved after 3 months of tracheostomy. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence for experiencing a poor quality of life among patients who have a permanent tracheostomy immediately after tracheostomies and a noticeable improvement in the quality of life with time. Participants in the current study reported difficulties with most of the items related to quality of life and some levels of anxiety and poor sleep in the immediate period. On the other hand, participants reported an improvement in their quality of life 3 months after having the tracheostomy. Recommendation: Follow up studies with larger sample, random selection and multi-sites would contributed to generalization of the results and replication of the study with including qualitative methodology would help enrich information gained and provide a broader view of the phenomenon under investigation and Using longitudinal research design to explore quality of life over time (6 months and 1 year) after having tracheostomy would help identifying challenges that patients and caregivers might face throughout their life. Such information will add to the nursing body of knowledge and assist improving nursing practice.
The climate change and its influences on ecosystem environment for the last 37 years in Heavenly Pond in Tianshan of Xinjiang

Applying with Mann-kendall statistical method,the treads of precipitation and air temperature during the last 37 years in Heavenly Pond in Tianshan of Xinjiang were analyzed.Results showed that during the last 37 years,air temperature had a significant increase trend under the confidence level of 1%. Precipitation also had a increase trend.Air temperature and precipitation series respectively contained a abrupt change in 1996 and 2001.The air temperature had increased 0.8℃ and the precipitation had increased by 21.5%. That probably was the result of the climate change.The climate change is disadvantageous to the ecosystem environment.That may cause forest succession,the mountain hazard happen frequently,and the river valley forest destruction seriously.
Structure, dynamics, and robustness of ecological networks

Ecosystems are often made up of interactions between large numbers of species. They are considered complex systems because the behaviour of the system as a whole is not always obvious from the properties of the individual parts. A complex system can be represented by a network: a set of interconnected objects. In the case of ecological networks and food webs, the objects are species and the connections are interactions between species. Many complex systems are dynamic and exhibit intricate time series. Time series analysis has been developed to understand a wide range of natural phenomena. This thesis deals with the structure, dynamics, and robustness of ecological networks, the spatial dynamics of fluctuations in a social system, and the analysis of cardiac time series. Biodiversity on Earth is decreasing largely due to human-induced causes. My work looks at the effect of anthropogenic change on ecological networks. In Chapter Two, I investigate predator adaptation on food-web robustness following species extinctions. I identify a new theoretical category of species that may buffer ecosystems against environmental change. In Chapter Three, I study changes in parasitoid-host (consumer-resource) interaction frequencies between complex and simple environments. I show that the feeding preferences of parasitoid species actively change in response to habitat modification. Ecological networks are embedded in spatially-heterogeneous landscapes. In Chapter Four, I assess the role of geography on population fluctuations in an analogous social system. I demonstrate that fluctuations in the number of venture capital firms registered in cities in the United States of America are consistent with spatial and temporal contagion. Understanding how physiological signals vary through time is of interest to medical practitioners. In Chapter Five, I present a technique for quickly quantifying disorder in high frequency event series. Applying the algorithm to patient cardiac time series provides a rapid way to detect the onset of heart arrhythmia. Increasingly, answers to scientific questions lie at the intersection of traditional disciplines. This thesis applies techniques developed in physics and mathematics to problems in ecology and medicine.
Correction to “Comparisons of satellites liquid water estimates to ECMWF and GMAO analyses, 20th century IPCC AR4 climate simulations, and GCM simulations”

In the paper “Comparisons of satellites liquid water estimates to ECMWF and GMAO analyses, 20th century IPCC AR4 climate simulations, and GCM simulations” by Li et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L19710, doi:10.1029/2008GL035427, 2008, hereinafter LET), LET provided an assessment of the representation of the cloud liquid water path (LWP) by general circulation models (GCMs), namely the GCMs that contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3) and that were utilized in the IPCC 4th Assessment. Since the publication of LET, discrepancies have been revealed in the interpretation of the request for model output and model documentation. Here we report a revision to the analysis results of LET based on correcting for these discrepancies. The corrected results illustrate smaller root mean square errors than that presented in LET and significantly improve the results of two GISS models and the IPSL model. While the results presented for a few specific models change, the main conclusions of LET remain valid, namely that significant disagreements of LWP are found among the models including both widely varying magnitudes and considerable differences in spatial patterns.
Neuroendocrinology Letters-Neuro Endocrinol Lett

BACKGROUND: Panic disorder and agoraphobia not only affect the patients themselves but also may have a detrimental effect on their intimate relationships. A problem arising in the intimate sphere could be a trigger, a modulator, a maintenance factor, or the result of the panic disorder and agoraphobia. The consequences of panic disorder include increased demands on the non-affected partner to adapt, which may prove to be too challenging for some to manage. Panic disorder and agoraphobia can also change earlier relationship patterns which may result in partnership dysfunction. This review explores the effect of panic disorder and agoraphobia upon partnership problems and satisfaction. METHOD: Relevant studies were identified via PubMed and Web of Science, published between January 1970 and April 2020. The search terms included "panic disorder", "agoraphobia", "marital problems", "marital conflicts" and "marital adjustment". Further references were found in reviews, books, and book chapters of the relevant papers. A total of 1154 articles were nominated by primary assortment using the keywords in different combinations. After selecting according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluating the complete texts and searching for secondary documents, 173 papers were finally chosen. RESULTS: Problems in a relationship can act as a trigger for the development of the panic disorder and agoraphobia and could also function as modulating and maintenance factors. Panic disorder and agoraphobia often have a negative influence on the relationship and the non-affected partner. Partnership problems can be both a precursor and a consequence of panic disorder and agoraphobia.
Evidence for the Delayed Oscillator Mechanism for ENSO: The “Observed” Oceanic Kelvin Mode in the Far Western Pacific

Abstract Observed surface winds from 1961 through September 1992 are used to force a reduced gravity shallow water ocean model. Results from the hindcast of ocean variability are found to be consistent with the results Li and Clarke presented in a previous study of sea level and zonal wind variability in the tropical Pacific. In this note the apparent discrepancies are reconciled between “delayed oscillator” theory and calculated lag correlations between the observationally based records of western boundary Kelvin mode amplitude (ηW) and zonal wind forcing. Evidence for sensitivity in these “delayed oscillator” lag correlations is presented from a variety of sources, including: the hindcast data, output from the standard version of the Zebiak and Cane coupled ocean-atmosphere model, and through three cases with idealized time series of ENSO variability. The authors demonstrate that the low lag correlations for ηW leading the zonal wind forcing by 1 to 1½ years is not inconsistent with the hypothesized rol.