Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time and Space Spectral Analyses of Southern Hemisphere Sea Level Pressure Variability

Abstract This study examines the time-space structure of the standard deviation of daily summer and winter mean sea level pressure over the Southern Hemisphere, as identified in 20 years of analyses generated by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and two long simulations with a GCM. The unfiltered variability derived from the operational analyses generally display a deal of zonal symmetry, particularly during the summer period, with maxima in the midlatitudes. The percentage of the temporal variance which is explained by the bandpass and low-pass components is calculated; in January and July the percentage of the variance explained by the bandpass data is maximized between 30° and 60°S and assumes values of typically 25%. In general, the low-pass data account for more of the variance and tends to achieve its maxima in low and high latitudes. The greatest contribution to the low-frequency field comes from the planetary-scale waves, particularly at higher latitudes. The synoptic and small-scale waves are .
Optimum Thickness of Pressure-Sensitive Paint for Unsteady Measurements

When pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) is used to measure unsteady pressures, the thickness of the paint layer critically affects both the PSP signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)and frequency response. Asthe thickness of a paint layer increases, the brightness of the signal, and thus the SNR, increases, whereas the frequency response decreases, resultinginattenuationoftheunsteadycomponentofthesignal.Inaddition,ifpressuree uctuationsandfrequencies are large and the paint layer is thick, the unsteady PSP signal may be distorted and the steady component may be offset from its true mean value. These observations suggest that, for each application, there is an optimum paint thickness where the “ unsteady SNR” (the ratio of unsteady signal amplitude to steady noise ) is a maximum and wherethe offset and distortion are small. Thishypothesisis explored by numerically evaluating published analytic solutions to a simplie ed model of the unsteady PSP problem. It was found that over a wide range of parameters the unsteady SNR is a maximum when the paint thickness corresponds to a 1.25 dB attenuation of the unsteady signal. At this optimum, the nondimensional time constant (h 2 ! /D) is approximately 1.5.
Age calibration and age distribution for rich star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We present an empirical relation for estimating the ages of rich star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), to within a factor of about 2, from their integrated UBV colors. The calibration is based on published ages for 58 LMC clusters derived from main-sequence photometry, integrated spectra, or the extent of the asymptotic giant branches. Using stellar population models, we isolate a sample of LMC clusters more massive than about 10/sup 4/ M/sub sun/, which we correct for incompleteness as a function of magnitude. We then determine an unbiased age distribution for these clusters. The number of clusters decreases with increasing age in a manner that is qualitatively similar to the age distribution for the open clusters in our Galaxy. The LMC age distribution is, however, flatter, and the median age of the clusters is greater. If the formation rate has been approximately constant over the history of the two galaxies, then our age distribution implies that clusters are disrupted more slowly in the LMC. Our results contain no evidence for bursts in the formation of clusters, although fluctuations on small time scales and slow variations over the lifetime of the LMC cannot be ruled out.
Monodisperse microbubbling: Absolute instabilities in coflowing gas–liquid jets

Contrary to liquid jets, gas jets in coflowing liquid streams are highly unstable. When these gas jets are sufficiently small, their breakup into microbubbles is strongly self-locked at a certain frequency. This provokes a continuous streaming of microbubbles with perfectly homogeneous and controllable size. In this work, we describe theoretically the absolute instability origin of the dynamical behavior of these gas jets surrounded by a coflowing liquid stream, and give the explanation to the extremely elusive nature of a gas ligament.
Satisfaction of mahasantri in accessing Instagram

Indonesia has active social media users of 68.9% or 191.4 out of 277.7 million in 2022. Instagram is the second social media platform, with active users accounting for 84.8% of the population. The use of Instagram is certainly driven by certain motives that encourage people's attitudes and beliefs to access media as needed, and Instagram can provide satisfaction according to the needs of its audience. This study aims to examine the satisfaction of the Mahasantri University of Darussalam Gontor in accessing Instagram by taking 300 samples from 1,997 populations. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics to describe the findings referring to the Expectancy Value theory as a development of the Uses and Gratification theory with two variables, namely gratifications sought (GS) and gratification obtained (GO). Then a gap test was conducted between the mean scores of the GS and GO variables to determine the satisfaction of Darussalam Gontor University students in accessing Instagram social media. The results showed that Instagram could pleasure the Mahasantri University of Darussalam Gontor in building personal relationships, filling free time, getting entertainment, fulfilling knowledge needs, and solving problems. This study answers the phenomenon of using Instagram as the second most accessed social media platform by Indonesian people, especially among teenagers. This finding positively contributes to the University of Darussalam Gontor and educational institutions' management in using Instagram as a medium of socialisation and promotion. Also, as an effort for the government to improve social media literacy for the younger generation through various creative and educational content through Instagram.
Renormalization Group and Perturbation Theory Near Fixed Points in Two-Dimensional Field Theory

The behavior of the renormalization group is investigated in the neighborhood of the fixed points described by the ''minimal'' conformal theories M/sub p/ with p>>1. In the leading approximation in 1/p a field theory is constructed which corresponds to the renormalization-group trajectory connecting the fixed points M/sub p/ and M/sub p//sub -1/.
N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Metal Complexes Based on Histidine and Histamine Derivatives of Bacteriopurpurinimide for the Combined Chemo- and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently regarded as a promising method for the treatment of oncological diseases. However, it involves a number of limitations related to the specific features of the method and the specific characteristics of photosensitizer molecules, including tumor hypoxia, small depth of light penetration into the tumor tissue, and low accumulation sensitivity. These drawbacks can be overcome by combining PDT with other treatment methods, for example, chemotherapy. In this work, we were the first to obtain agents that contain bacteriopurpurinimide as a photodynamic subunit and complexes of gold(I) that implement the chemotherapy effect. To bind the latter agents, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) based on histidine and histamine were obtained. We considered alternative techniques for synthesizing the target conjugates and selected an optimal one that enabled the production of preparative amounts for biological assays. In vitro studies showed that all the compounds obtained exhibited high photoinduced activity. The C-donor Au(I) complexes exhibited the maximum specific activity at longer incubation times compared to the other derivatives, both under exposure to light and without irradiation. In in vivo studies, the presence of histamine in the NHC-derivative of dipropoxy-BPI (7b) had no significant effect on its antitumor action, whereas the Au(I) metal complex of histamine NHC-derivative with BPI (8b) resulted in enhanced antitumor activity and in an increased number of remissions after photodynamic treatment.
Epidemiology of noise‐induced hearing loss.

Noise exposure is a significant risk factor for hearing loss; recent analyses from a national sample of US adults have shown that occupational and firearm noise exposure increase the risk of hearing loss by 60% and 90%, respectively. Noise trauma typically produces a high‐frequency pattern of hearing loss due to hair cell injury in the cochlear base, in contrast to cardiovascular risk factors which appear to cause cochlear damage across the frequency range. Significant interactions between noise exposure and cardiovascular risks have been demonstrated, such that these exposures exert a multiplicative detrimental effect on hearing thresholds. Although exposure to industrial occupational noise may be decreasing in the US population, the rising use of personal listening devices—particularly among children and young adults—is raising concern for a surge in hearing loss prevalence in the younger population. Indeed, recent data from the US population suggest that during the 1999–2004 time interval, significant .
Open Innovation in Ecuadorian SMEs: The Importance of Strategy and the Moderating Effect of Control

ABSTRACT Open innovation (OI) has been appointed as a key factor to promote innovative performance, but some research gaps remain especially when it comes to SMEs in developing countries. This article deals with (1) the effect of formalization of innovation strategy on OI activities in SMEs, (2) the impact of OI activities on SMEs’ innovative performance, and (3) the moderating role played by control on the relationship between inbound and outbound activities and the innovative performance. OI encompasses a range of innovative methods and procedures in firms to stimulate internal innovation and widen the external use of innovation (inbound and outbound). In this work, an empirical study is carried out on 543 Ecuadorian SMEs. The results show that the formalization of the innovation strategy promotes OI activities, both inbound and outbound. While outbound activities carried out by SMEs enhance innovative performance, this positive effect is only identified for inbound open innovation activities when control exists and increases, acting this variable as a moderating factor. These results have important implications both for the management of companies and the development of public policies aimed at promoting OI in SMEs in developing countries. This research contributes to the literature as it deals with a developing country context and considers a wide range of OI activities. 摘要 虽然开放式创新被认为是提升企业创新绩效的关键因素，但很少有研究关注它对于发展中国家中小企业的影响。 本文研究三个问题：（1）正式制定创新战略对中小企业开放式创新活动的效应，（2）开放式创新活动对于中小企业创新绩效的影响，（3）企业管控对于开放式创新活动与创新绩效的调节作用。 开放式创新包含一系列的创新方法和程序，用以刺激企业内部创新和扩大的创新的外在使用。 本文作者对厄瓜多尔的543家中小企业进行了实证研究。 结果表明，正式制定创新战略对企业开放式创新活动（无论内外）都有积极影响。 此外，企业的对创新的外在使用总是能促进其创新绩效，但内部开放式创新活动却只有在内部管控机制存在或增加的情景中才对企业的创新绩效有正面影响。
Kawasaki Disease with Hepatobiliary Manifestations

Background and Objectives: Kawasaki Disease (KD) incidence has been on the rise globally throughout the years, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. KD can be diagnosed based on several clinical criteria. Due to its systemic inflammatory nature, multi-organ involvement has been observed, making the diagnosis of KD more challenging. Notably, several studies have reported KD patients presenting with hepatobiliary abnormalities. Nonetheless, comprehensive data regarding the hepatobiliary manifestations of KD are limited in Malaysia, justifying a more in-depth study of the disease in this country. Thus, in this article, we aim to discuss KD patients in Malaysia with hepatobiliary manifestations. Materials and Methods: A total of six KD patients with hepatobiliary findings who presented at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) from 2004 to 2021 were selected and included. Variables including the initial presenting signs and symptoms, clinical progress, laboratory investigations such as liver function test (LFT), and ultrasound findings of hepatobiliary system were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Out of these six KD patients, there were two patients complicated with hepatitis and one patient with gallbladder hydrops. Different clinical features including jaundice (n = 3) and hepatomegaly (n = 4) were also observed. All patients received both aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as their first-line treatment and all of them responded well to IVIG. The majority of them (n = 5) had a complete recovery and did not have any cardiovascular and hepatobiliary sequelae. Conclusions: Despite KD mostly being diagnosed with the classical clinical criteria, patients with atypical presentations should always alert physicians of KD as one of the possible differential diagnoses. This study discovered that hepatobiliary manifestations in KD patients were not uncommon. More awareness on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of KD patients with hepatobiliary manifestations are required to allow for the initiation of prompt treatment, thus preventing further complications.
Discharge prediction in straight compound channels using the mixing length concept

A method for predicting the depth-discharge relationship in a compound channel is developed and applied to two different sets of experimental results. The method uses a mixing length formulation to account for the turbulent interaction between the main channel and the floodplain and the resulting momentum exchange. This momentum transfer tends to reduce the discharge in the main channel and increase the discharge on the floodplain. The net effect is a reduction in the overall discharge capacity of the compound channel. As a result, practical methods which can allow for the interaction effect are needed. In this formulation a variation of Prandtl's mixing length hypothesis is applied to calculate the apparent shear stresses, indicative of the turbulent interaction, on the sides of small vertical elements which comprise the compound channel cross-section. The approach suggested is to use the mixing length approximation to calculate the correction for the momentum interaction effects that are neglected when .
The central limit theorem for degenerate variable U-statistics under dependence

The central limit theorem (CLT) for degenerate U-statistics with a variable symmetric kernel function has been studied under dependence by many authors, since it has many important applications in nonparametric estimation and testing problems [see, e.g. Takahata, H. , and Yoshihara, K. (1987), ‘Central Limit Theorems for Integrated Square Error of Nonparametric Density Estimators Based on a Absolutely Regular Random Sequences’, Yokohama Mathematical Journal, 35, 95–111; Yoshihara, K. (1989), ‘Limiting Behavior of Generalized Quadratic Forms Generated by Absolutely Regular Sequences II’, Yokohama Mathematical Journal, 37, 109–123. Yoshihara, K. (1992), ‘Limiting Behavior of Generalized Quadratic Forms Generated by Absolutely Regular Sequences III’, Yokohama Mathematical Journal, 40, 1–9; Fan, J., and Li, Q. (1999), ‘Central Limit Theorem for Degenerate U-Statistics of Absolutely Regular Processes with Applications to Model Specification Testing’, Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, 10, 245–271; Gao, J., and King, M.L. (2004), ‘Adaptive Testing in Continuous-time Diffusion Models’, Econometric Theory, 20, 844–882; Gao, J. (2007), Nonlinear Time Series: Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods, Chapman & Hall/CRC; Gao, J., and Hong, Y. (2008), ‘Central Limit Theorem for Generalized U-statistics with Applications in Nonparametric Specification’, Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, 20, 61–76]. In this paper, we provide an improved version with the asymmetric kernel method which is quite useful for application to nonparametric methods in various situations. As an illustration of the usefulness of our result, CLTs for quadratic errors of a nonparametric density estimator are developed under dependency, which is meaningful in its own right.
A statistical study of fundamental toroidal mode standing Alfvén waves using THEMIS ion bulk velocity data

We have studied the statistical properties of toroidal mode standing Alfvén waves with a fundamental eigenmode structure along the field line, denoted T1 waves, in the L range 7–12, using THEMIS‐D data for 2008–2013. T1 wave events were identified in hourly data segments using an automated procedure that detects narrowband oscillations in the azimuthal component of the ion bulk velocity. For each event we determined the frequency, amplitude, ellipticity, and the orientation angle of the polarization ellipse, and we examined the L and magnetic local time dependence of the detection rate and physical properties of the T1 waves. Confirming previous observations in space and on the ground, we found a pronounced dawn‐dusk asymmetry in the wave detection rate and amplitude. The detection rate in the dawn sector is approximately twice as high as that in the dusk sector, and the amplitude in the dawn sector is larger by ∼50%. The same asymmetry is also evident in the velocity amplitude averaged in the fixed Pc5 band (1.7–6.7 mHz) and in the amplitude of the electric field and field line displacement that are derived from the velocity amplitude. The ellipticity and the orientation angle of the polarization ellipse are organized by local time, in accordance with the theoretical prediction of toroidal mode waves excited by field line resonance with tailward propagating waves in the magnetosphere, which are in turn driven by external sources. Although infrequently, T1 waves are also detected in the midnight sector, suggesting magnetotail sources for this subset of events.
An immunometabolic patch facilitates mesenchymal stromal/stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction through a macrophage‐dependent mechanism

Abstract Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising approach against myocardial infarction. Due to hostile hyperinflammation, however, poor retention of transplanted cells seriously impedes their clinical applications. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages, which rely on glycolysis as their main energy source, aggravate hyperinflammatory response and cardiac injury in ischemic region. Here, we showed that the administration of an inhibitor of glycolysis, 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (2‐DG), blocked the hyperinflammatory response within the ischemic myocardium and subsequently extended effective retention of transplanted MSCs. Mechanistically, 2‐DG blocked the proinflammatory polarization of macrophages and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines. Selective macrophage depletion abrogated this curative effect. Finally, to avoid potential organ toxicity caused by systemic inhibition of glycolysis, we developed a novel chitosan/gelatin‐based 2‐DG patch that directly adhered to the infarcted region and facilitated MSC‐mediated cardiac healing with undetectable side effects. This study pioneered the application of an immunometabolic patch in MSC‐based therapy and provided insights into the therapeutic mechanism and advantages of this innovative biomaterial.
Dilworth Rate: A Generalization of Witsenhausen’s Zero-Error Rate for Directed Graphs

We investigate a communication setup where a source output is sent through a free noisy channel first and an additional codeword is sent through a noiseless, but expensive channel later. With the help of the second message the decoder should be able to decide with zero-error whether its decoding of the first message was error-free. This scenario leads to the definition of a digraph parameter that generalizes Witsenhausen's zero-error rate for directed graphs. We investigate this new parameter for some specific directed graphs and explore its relations to other digraph parameters, such as Sperner capacity and dichromatic number. We also look at the natural variant of the above problem, where the decoder should decode the first message with zero-error, not only decide whether its earlier decoding was correct. In this case, the Witsenhausen rate of an appropriately defined undirected graph turns out to be the relevant parameter.
Instantons in (1+1)-Dimensional Abelian Gauge Theories

We study the Abelian Higgs model in 1 + 1 dimensions with the addition of a fermion of arbitrary charge g to understand the effect of instantons on the gauge and chiral structure of the model. Semiclassical approximations are used assuming a small instanton density. Without fermions, the global gauge symmetry is found to be restored, resulting in a linearly rising potential between static charges ( +- Q) and a complete screening of integral charges (Q/e = integer with e the scalar charge). This gauge structure persists with the addition of a massive fermion. The spectrum of fermion bound states and the stability of the theta vacuums are discussed. For a massless fermion, the gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken. We explicitly show that the chiral symmetry is also spontaneously broken, but that the Nambu-Goldstone pole decouples from the gauge-invariant sector of the theory.
The prevalence and characteristics of and the association between MIH and HSPM in South-Western France.

BACKGROUND Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) involve qualitative structural developmental anomalies of tooth enamel, affecting the first permanent molars (FPM) and the second primary molars, respectively. This developmental anomaly of systemic origin has important consequences for oral health. AIM To determine the prevalence of MIH and HSPM in south-western France and explore the distribution of hypomineralised lesions on permanent and primary molars. DESIGN Amongst 856 children (aged 7-9 years) in schools randomly selected by the Academy of Bordeaux (Ministry of Education), the FPM, permanent incisors and the second primary molars were examined by two examiners trained and calibrated for the diagnostic criteria for MIH and HSPM of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. RESULTS Molar-incisor hypomineralisation was present in 160 children (18.7%) and HSPM in 81 children (9.5%); 4.9% had both HSPM and MIH (42 of 856). Hypomineralised lesions were present in 1-4 FPM in affected individuals (mean = 2.4) and were distributed in an asymmetrical manner with widely varying severity at the tooth and individual level. A child with HSPM was more likely to have MIH than a child without HSPM (95% CI OR = 6.0 [3.7-9.7]; p < .0001). CONCLUSION Molar-incisor hypomineralisation and HSPM have three main asymmetrical characteristics: tooth location, severity of hypomineralisation and number of teeth affected.