Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review and SWOT analysis of aquaculture development in Indonesia

Indonesia has a long history of aquaculture, dating from the 15th century. Subsequently, the country has become a significant contributor to global aquaculture production, destined for both international and domestic markets. In 2009 the Government of Indonesia announced its vision to see Indonesia become the highest (volume) producer of aquaculture products in the world by 2015, with production targets equivalent to an overall increase in production of 353% between 2009 and 2014. This paper comprises a PEEST (policy, economic, environmental, social, technical) review undertaken as a background study for a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis, the outcomes of the SWOT analysis and a discussion of possible approaches to support sustainable aquaculture development in Indonesia. To meet the vision of a dramatic expansion of aquaculture production, one or more of the following strategies is required: intensification and production segmentation, areal expansion, and/or production diversification. Most likely the continued development of aquaculture in Indonesia will be a combination of these three strategies, with the relative influence of each depending on production sector and market demands. A key issue identified in the PEEST review and SWOT analysis is the dominance (in terms of number) of Indonesian aquaculture by smallholder aquaculture farmers. We argue that a range of influences, including aquaculture production expansion and changing international market requirements, have the potential to negatively impact smallholder aquaculture farmers in Indonesia, and that further policy development should specifically address these issues.
One‐year observation on the population structure of Diopatra neapolitana Delle Chiaje (Polychaeta: Onuphidae) in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean)

The present paper deals with the morphology and population structure of Diopatra neapolitana collected in Izmir Bay between July 1997 and June 1998. The density of the species in the area ranged from 42 ind·m−2 (November 1997) to 198 ind·m−2 (March 1998), the biomass from 84 g·m−2 (November) to 408 g·m−2 (March). The coelom contained gametes in all months, except for January, indicating that it has a very long reproductive period in the area. The relationships among the biometrical measurements taken on specimens of Diopatra neapolitana from Izmir Bay were assessed by using regression and correlation analysis. A re-description of the species is provided.
Women’s representation in business case studies – a framework of postmodernism to uncover hidden assumptions

Abstract A review of entrepreneurship literature indicates a gap in women representation in business pedagogy. Studies emphasise the importance of business schools and effective curriculum in influencing potential entrepreneurs in venture creation. To identify the gap of women representation and to evaluate the effectiveness of curriculum materials, the paper examines the role of pedagogical materials used in entrepreneurship programmes to develop more women entrepreneurs. The lack of an integrative framework for understanding the nature and implications of women representation related to issues of power and dominance, ‘white male privileges’ in decision-making, and representation of marginalised groups are hardly studied. The study used a framework of postmodernism to help inform and interpret past research and frame the research problem and discussion. The paper compared and critically examined the assumptions made in case studies of a widely used entrepreneurship textbook and used deconstruction to understand women's representation and portrayal in case studies.
Variabilidad espacial del suelo y su relacion con el rendimiento de mango (Mangifera indica L.)

In a regular grid with 31 points located with GPS, samples were taken and based on geostatistics analysis the spatial variability of soil properties and their relationships with yield of a mango crop were studied. It was found that soil properties and crop yield presented a high, within-field, spatial variability. The range of the semi variance models varied from 10 to 192 meters, with the exception of pH and Ca, the adjusted models showed nugget/sill fraction lower than 30%, thus indicating that most of the process is explained by the structural variation and then better interpolation results could be expected. K, Ca, CIC, Ca+Mg/K fraction, slope, and altitude were the most important factors affecting crop yield. The studied method in this research is useful to define management zones within fields and some used criteria like altitude and slope are important for the zoning of larger areas and can be computed from a digital elevation model.
Changes in N Composition of Sugar Beet Varieties in Response to Increasing N Supply

The soluble nitrogen (N) components in sugar beet seriously impair sugar recovery. The only N component determined routinely in the sugar factory is amino N (the sum of amino acids in the beet), which is assumed to reflect all the other N components. Amino N is affected by N supply and variety, but only little is known about the other N components such as total soluble N, betaine and nitrate. This study aimed at investigating the effect of N supply on the N composition of sugar beet varieties with special emphasis on N supply by variety interactions. In 2001 and 2002, field trials with four varieties and four N treatments were carried out at six sites in Germany. Storage root yield and the concentrations of sucrose, sodium, amino N, betaine, nitrate and total soluble N in the beet were determined. With increasing N supply, the concentration of amino N increased considerably and that of nitrate slightly, whereas that of betaine remained rather constant. Thus, the N composition of sugar beet changed with increasing N supply and the percentage of amino N of total soluble N increased. Although amino N has the closest correlation with total soluble N, for quality assessment it may overestimate the effect of N supply on other N components. Varieties clearly differed in root yield and quality as well as in all N components. The variety with the lowest amino N had the highest betaine concentration. However, as related to the concentration of total soluble N in the beet, for all varieties amino N as well as betaine showed the same response pattern. This indicates that the N composition of sugar beet is determined by the level of total soluble N, irrespective of variety or N supply. All varieties required the same N supply for obtaining maximum yield or quality. N supply did not affect the ranking of the varieties for all parameters studied, consequently it need not be considered for variety choice.
On the food preferences and application of Dyar’s rule to different hopper instars of Acrida exaltata Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

This paper is aimed at comparing the influence of diet, effect of crowding and temperature on the growth of larval stages in a pest grasshopper Acrida exaltata Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae). It was found that Brassica oleracea var. botrytis was mostly preferred by both sexes with the minimum hopper developmental period of 33.20 ± 0.54 days in males and 38.40 ± 0.98 days in females, while Saccharum officinarum prolonged the hopper developmental period with the maximum development period being 79.30 ± 0.37 days in males and 88.50 ± 0.23 days in females. Similarly, the maximum development of hoppers was 3.03 ± 0.03%/day in males and 2.64 ± 0.05%/day in females feeding on Brassica oleracea var. botrytis. The minimum development of hoppers was observed to be 1.26 ± 0.06%/day in males and 1.14 ± 0.02%/day in females feeding on Saccharum officinarum. The Dyar’s rule was tested in the hoppers of acridid species, Acrida exaltata, using two size variables: head width and growth in nymphal instars. The rule which w.
Hempseed Oil—Influence of the Genotype on the Composition in a Two-Year Study

Abstract Seeds of 51 different hemp genotypes, 25 hemp varieties, 19 hemp accessions as well as 7 hemp samples from a cross-breeding program of a Hungarian Institute (GATE), grown in 2000 and 2001 were investigated regarding the oil content as well as fatty acid and tocopherol composition. The oil content ranged between 26.3 in 2001 and 37.5 g/ 100 g in 2000 with 33.2 g/100 g as mean amount in 2000 and 31.2 g/100 g in 2001. The oil contained high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids like linoleic and α-linolenic acid, which comprised about 80% of the total fatty acids. Hemp seed oil also consisted of remarkable amounts of γ-linolenic and stearidonic acid. The concentrations varied from 0.67 to 4.08 g/100 g and 0.39 to 1.60 g/100 g, respectively, in dependence of the genotype. The content of γ-linolenic and stearidonic acid were both highly correlated (r = 0.87), while γ-tocopherol was not correlated to the total sum of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Tocopherols mainly consisted of γ-tocopherol (36 to 97 mg/100 g). This made up to about 85% of the total tocopherols. In the oil also small amounts of α-tocopherol were found (2 to 10 mg/100 g). The effect of the year of cultivation on the composition of the oil was less pronounced than the influence of the genotype. Therefore the seed material, presented in this paper shows interesting possibilities to improve the composition of hemp seed oil.
Contextual and Individual Determinants of Mental Health: A Cross-sectional Multilevel Study in Tehran, Iran

Objectives Our aim was to answer the following questions: (1) Can mental health variance be partitioned to individual and higher levels (e.g., neighborhood and district); (2) How much (as a percentage) do individual-level determinants explain the variability of mental health at the individual-level; and (3) How much do determinants at the neighborhood- or district-level explain the variability of mental health at the neighborhood- or district-level? Methods We used raw data from the second round of the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool in Tehran (in 2012-2013, n=34 700 samples nested in 368 neighborhoods nested in 22 districts) and the results of the official report of Tehran’s Center of Studies and Planning (in 2012-2013, n=22 districts). Multilevel linear regression models were used to answer the study questions. Results Approximately 40% of Tehran residents provided responses suggestive of having mental health disorders (30-52%). According to estimates of residual variance, 7% of mental health variance was determined to be at the neighborhood-level and 93% at the individual-level. Approximately 21% of mental health variance at the individual-level and 49% of the remaining mental health variance at the neighborhood-level were determined by determinants at the individual-level and neighborhood-level, respectively. Conclusions If we want to make the most effective decisions about the determinants of mental health, in addition to considering the therapeutic perspective, we should have a systemic or contextual view of the determinants of mental health.
Feeding habits of anglerfish, Lophius budegassa (Spinola, 1807) in the Adriatic Sea, north‐eastern Mediterranean

Summary Stomach contents of 283 anglerfish (Lophius budegassa), collected in the Adriatic Sea (north-eastern Mediterranean) from experimental trawl surveys in 2005 and 2006, were examined to assess their diet as influenced by fish size, sex and water depth. Changes in food quantities in the stomach were observed, the percentage of empty stomachs decreasing with increasing body size and depth. No differences were found between male and female diets. The anglerfish is essentially an ‘opportunistic feeder’ that consumes mainly fishes, crustaceans and molluscs. Fishes were the primary food consumed by all size classes; the favourite prey was Merluccius merluccius (TL >150 mm for medium and large anglerfish) and Gaidropsarus biscayensis (TL <150 mm for smaller anglerfish). However, the proportion of fish species and molluscs changed with the body size of the anglerfish. The trophic level of L. budegassa estimated in the study area reached a mean value of 4.38, confirming that the species was a carnivore with a preference for large decapodes, cephalopods and fish.
Communication By Agonistic Displays

1. Great skuas Stercorarius skua use a range of displays in agonistic interactions in the club areas of their breeding colonies. We examine whether these displays allow reliable prediction of the signaller's future behaviour. 2. Skuas were studied on Noss, Fair Isle and Hoy over 3 seasons. Data from 5 colony-year samples were analysed separately. For each interaction, the display used, the signaller's action after displaying, and the receiver's response, were recorded. 3. Attack could be predicted less well than escape. However, variations between samples were so great that neither the absolute nor the relative probabilities of attack or escape could be reliably estimated from the display. 4. The bird that initiated the interaction was more likely to attack or stay, and less likely to escape, than its rival, but the relative probability of attack or escape after different displays was consistent, for birds in the two roles, within a sample. 5. By correlating the responses of the receiver with information about the signaller's future behaviour encoded in its display, it is possible to find whether this information is transferred in the interaction. There was variation between samples in the pattern of correlations, and no consistent evidence of information transfer could be found. 6. The data are discussed in the light of CARYL'S (1979) earlier discussion of models from games theory. The results show that a test of consistency is crucial for any hypothesis about the message carried by a particular display. They indicate that skua displays do not communicate intention in these interactions.
The Distribution of Aerosols and Their Impacts on Chlorophyll‐a Distribution in the South China Sea

The distribution of aerosols and their impacts on chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) distribution were studied in the South China Sea (SCS). Seventeen years of aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, Chl‐a concentration data, wind speed (WS), and sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite observations were employed along with 2 years of in situ aerosol total suspended particulates (TSP), total nitrogen, NO3−, and NH4+ data in this study. The results showed that under the influence of the Asian monsoon, the AOD values were higher during the winter (>0.12) and lower during the summer (<0.09). Higher aerosol levels were strongly associated with stronger wind conditions (r = 0.70 [AOD vs. WS]; r = 0.67 [TSP vs. WS]). This study also revealed that Chl‐a concentrations were strongly modulated by aerosol deposition in SCS. Multiple correlation analyses between monthly Chl‐a and environmental conditions (i.e., AOD, SST, and WS) in the SCS showed that the Chl‐a were highly correlated with AOD (r = 0.31) and WS (r = 0.47). The higher partial correlation coefficients of Chl‐a with AOD and WS suggested that WS played the most important role, followed by AOD. Aerosol deposition was therefore a main factor besides wind that determined the availability of nutrients at the surface ocean in the SCS, modulating the distribution of Chl‐a. The contribution of nutrients (i.e., NO3− and NH4+) from aerosol dry and wet deposition to new production in the SCS accounted for approximately 10.32% to 28.87%.
Preferential Flow Enhances Pumping‐Induced Saltwater Intrusion in Volcanic Aquifers

Preferential flow can result in rapid contamination of groundwater resources. This is particularly true in aquifers with connected, high permeability geologic structures and in coastal systems where the oceanic source of contamination is ubiquitous. We consider saltwater intrusion due to pumping in volcanic aquifers with lava tubes represented as connected high‐K structures and compare salinization responses to those of heterogeneous aquifers with different structure and equivalent homogeneous systems. Three‐dimensional simulations of variable‐density groundwater flow and salt transport show that conduits formed by lava flows create preferential groundwater flow in volcanic aquifers. These conduits allow fresh groundwater to extend further offshore than in other systems. However, onshore pumping causes saltwater to migrate landward quickly through the conduits relative to the other models, resulting in more severe saltwater intrusion, particularly at shallow depths. The geometry of geologic heterogeneity in volcanic aquifers leads to increased risk of salinization of fresh groundwater as well as substantial uncertainty due to significant spatial variation in saltwater intrusion. The findings illustrate the importance of considering geologic heterogeneity in assessing the vulnerability of coastal freshwater resources in volcanic and other aquifers with connected high‐permeability geologic structures.
KINETICS OF AMMONIUM ASSIMILATION IN TWO SEAWEEDS, ENTEROMORPHA SP. (CHLOROPHYCEAE) AND OSMUNDARIA COLENSOI (RHODOPHYCEAE)

The kinetics of ammonium assimilation were investigated in two seaweeds from northeastern New Zealand, Enteromorpha sp. (Chlorophyceae, Ulvales) and Osmundaria colensoi (Hook. f. et Harvey) R.E. Norris (Rhodophyceae, Ceramiales), with the use of a recently developed method for measuring assimilation. In contrast to ammonium uptake, which was nonsaturable, ammonium assimilation exhibited Michaelis–Menten kinetics in both species. Maximum rates of assimilation (Vmax) were 27 and 12 μmol·(g DW)−1·h−1 for Enteromorpha sp. and O. colensoi, respectively, with half‐saturation (Km) constants for assimilation of 18 and 41 μM. At environmentally relevant concentrations, assimilation accounted for all of the ammonium taken up by both species. The maximum rate of assimilation in Enteromorpha sp. resembled very closely that of the ammonium assimilatory enzyme, glutamine synthetase, when activities of the latter were measured in the presence of subsaturating substrate (glutamate and ATP) concentrations. Moreover, the initial rate of glutamine production (measured with HPLC) following ammonium enrichment was almost identical to the rates determined above. The rate of ammonium assimilation was therefore determined by three independent methods, two of which involve in vivo measurements, and it is suggested that the use of assimilation kinetics may be useful when examining the nutrient relations of seaweeds.
DRIS and geostatistics indices for nutritional diagnosis and enhanced yield of fertirrigated acai palm

Abstract Information about Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) nutrition, that gives support for yield increase is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of fertigated Açaí palm by the Index called Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), as well as the spatial variability of this Index and its productivity. We achieved a sampling of 80 geo-referenced points in an Açaí palm commercial crop area. Then we assessed the yield and contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The DRIS evaluation indicated that the frequency of nutrients in suitable status was N > S > Zn > B>Fe > K>Ca > Mg > P>Mn > Cu, in deficiency was Mn > Ca > B>Cu > Mg > Fe > K > P > S>Zn > N, and in excess was P > Cu > Mg > K > N = Zn > Fe > Ca > S = B > Mn. The nutrients N and S were well balanced, whereas Mn, Ca and B were the nutrients with the highest frequency of deficiency. The sampling points were close enough to detect the spatial variability of DRIS Index. Thus, it was possible to observe the patterns for the nutritional deficiencies, occurring at the final part of the irrigation, as well as the variability of the Açaí palm yield. The spatial variability of the DRIS Index was efficient to indicate the points in which fittings in the fertilization doses are required.
The Fifth Stage in Water Management: Policy Lessons for Water Governance

Effective management of water resources is a critical policy issue globally. Using a framework developed by Turton, and a common set of characteristics describing key stages of water demand, we examine the effectiveness of isolated technical (e.g., irrigation upgrades) and allocative (e.g., buyback) efficiency for reducing water demand to sustainable levels. We base our analysis on Australia's water reform context which offers an advanced example of applying these levers to achieve allocative and technical efficiency. The study is motivated by appreciation of the benefits from increased policy flexibility and adaptability in response to the following: potential transformations toward inflexible production systems; uncertainty associated with impacts of climate change on future water reliability; and the need for increased possible future equity between uses/users (productive/consumptive, environmental, cultural). Our results highlight that a balance between technical and allocative efficiency mechanisms is necessary, as neither is sufficient in isolation, when seeking to reduce total water use. This approach also enables a clearer representation of uncertainty in future policy choices in many global settings with respect to water demand reduction.
Captive husbandry and veterinary care of northern New Zealand dotterels (Charadrius obscurus aquilonius) during the CV Rena oil-spill response

Abstract Context. Oil spills cause significant detrimental impacts on many shoreline species. There is limited information in the scientific literature about the management and response of shorebirds to oil spills. Northern New Zealand dotterels (Charadrius obscurus aquilonius) were pre-emptively captured as part of the oiled wildlife response to the container vessel Rena oil spill, to ensure the survival of a regional population should there be a catastrophic release of oil. Previous attempts to hold dotterels in captivity have resulted in high mortality. Aims. To describe the captive husbandry and veterinary management of wild-caught adult dotterels, to outline the common problems encountered, and make recommendations for future captive management. Methods. The dotterels were caught by noose mat on beaches at risk of further contamination by oil. Initially, dotterels were kept individually indoors and force-fed until they converted to self-feeding on a diet of an artificial insect analogue, ox heart and mealworms. Once self-feeding, the birds were shifted to individual outdoor aviaries. Key results. Sixty dotterels were caught. About half of birds had oil contamination of the legs, nine birds had light oil staining of feathers and only three of these birds required washing. The degree of oiling and washing did not affect survival. Dotterels took a median of 5 days (range 1–15 days) to convert to the captive diet. Common problems encountered in captivity included carpal and beak abrasions (61.7%) and pododermatitis (75%); however, these did not affect survival. Seven birds (11.7%) developed respiratory disease and six of these died from aspergillosis. The incidence of aspergillosis increased with length of time in captivity and was largely refractory to treatment. The 54 surviving birds were released at their capture sites after a median time of 49 days in captivity (with a range of 39–61 days). Conclusions. The captive management of the dotterels achieved a 90% survival rate over a period of about 2 months. Deaths were solely due to respiratory aspergillosis, but intensive captive husbandry was required to convert the birds to a captive diet, to minimise traumatic injuries and to manage pododermatitis. Implications. Although the captive management of shorebird species as a pre-emptive strategy to minimise the effects of oil spills carries significant costs and risks to the birds, it should be considered in the emergency management of high-priority species.