Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tolerance range selection of topologically optimized structures with the effects of uncertainties of manufacturing process

Robust design methods for topology optimization have received significant attention from researchers in recent years. There are various attempts in past to handle the manufacturing uncertainty of the topologically optimized components. In the present work, same issue is dealt by introducing a method of probabilistic distribution of material. Here, help from Karhunen–Loeve expansion of stochastic process, coupled with Monte Carlo method is taken. The proposed method retains the uncertainty characteristic of the specific manufacturing processes such as etching, e-beam lithography, laser micro machining, and milling. Hence, this method offers larger flexibility to the designer. The simulation for manufacturing uncertainty is utilized to determine the optimal tolerance range of the factors for robust and targeted performance, which is almost nonexistent in the literature. The methodology for tolerance range selection is capable to incorporate uncertainty of multiple factors simultaneously. In this method cross array design of experiment approach is used to analyze the effect of tolerance of each factor. The overall process for manufacturing uncertainty and tolerance range selection is illustrated using four benchmark problems. The chosen factors for considered structural problems are force, elasticity, volume fraction, and aspect ratio. Various combinations of tolerance ranges are used to simulate the performance of the optimized structure, which is expressed in terms of robustness and targeted values of compliance, and maximum deflection. Based on the simulated results of signal-to-noise ratio and mean values of performance, the combinations of tolerance range are suggested that gives a high level of robustness or targeted performance accuracy. To indicate the uniqueness of proposed approach, the obtained response for performances is compared with already available response for performance in literature for generalized approach. Current work is advantageous compared to usual robust design, and provides the performance for a specific scenario at each possible combination of tolerance ranges.
The Influence of Passive Ventilation on the Interstitial Hygrothermal Environment of a Straw Bale Wall

The greatest challenges for straw bale construction in Japan are moisture and straw′s susceptibility to microbial decay. In order to mitigate excessive moisture, some straw bale architects and builders in Japan have utilized passive ventilation. This paper examines the influence of passive ventilation on the interstitial hygrothermal environment of the straw bale walls of a building in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, known as Furyu. Furyu′s walls consist of straw bales surrounding a conventional timber frame. Underneath the bale wall is a ventilation chamber vented to the outside. The bale wall is exposed to the ventilation chamber below and air passes freely between the outside and sub-wall ventilation chamber. Twenty-three temperature and relative humidity sensors monitor the hygrothermal environment of Furyu. The study found that the relative humidity of the ventilation cavity is strongly influenced by the outdoor environment. The lower bale wall is in turn strongly influenced by the ventilation cavity. The results suggest that passive ventilation is not an effective means to control interstitial moisture in straw bale walls. Rather, passive ventilation appears to be a source of interstitial moisture during warm summer months.
Testing the automaticity of syntax using masked visual priming

ABSTRACT Language comprehension proceeds at a very fast pace. It is argued that context influences the speed of language comprehension by providing informative cues. How syntactic contextual information influences the processing of incoming words is, however, less known. Here we employed a masked syntactic priming paradigm in four behavioural experiments in the German language to test whether masked primes automatically influence the categorisation of nouns and verbs. We found robust syntactic priming effects with masked primes but only when verbs were morpho-syntactically marked. Furthermore, we found that, compared to baseline, primes slow down target categorisation when the relationship between prime and target is syntactically incorrect, rather than speeding it up when the relationship is syntactically correct. This argues in favour of an inhibitory nature of syntactic priming. Overall, the data indicate that humans automatically extract syntactic features from the context to guide the analysis of incoming words during online language processing.
Impacts of Cigarette Smoking on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective: Cigarette smoking is a carcinogenic factor for esophageal cancer and evidence also indicates its effects on tumor microenvironment in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods: In our study, we demonstrated nine immune infiltrating cells and markers in non-smokers and smokers of 189 non-drinking ESCC patients with multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry (mflHC) staining and multispectral imaging. The impacts of cigarette smoking on tumor microenvironment and patient prognosis were also analyzed. Results: Among 189 ESCC patients of non-drinker, 86 patients was current smokers, while 34 males and 59 females were non-smokers and 10 former-smokers. Among 34 male non-smokers and 83 smokers, distinct immune infiltrating cells, with increased DCs in stromal regions (P=0.033), elevated infiltration of Treg cells in intraepithelial regions (P=0.010) and reduced activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (aCTLs) in both intraepithelial (P=0.021) and stromal regions (P=0.017), were observed in tumor specimens of smoking males, implying an immune suppressed response during cigarette smoke exposure. For smoking characters, the level of stromal tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration was correlated with smoking year after age adjusted (rs=0.352, P=0.002). Though cigarette smoking did not alter the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in epithelial cells or TAMs in tumor specimens, higher expression of PD-L1 predicted a worse survival in non-smokers but not smokers. Conclusions: Our findings indicated smoking may impair T cell-mediated immune response and supported the possible impacts of cigarette smoking in PD-L1 related research and therapy of ESCC.
Lists of Environmental Goods: An Overview

This note provides an overview of developments related to the construction of lists of environmental goods (EGs). Such lists have been developed both for purposes of research as well as to facilitate trade negotiations (with a view to reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers). The note seeks to examine, in particular, the motivations or drivers behind various lists of EGs that have been developed, the broad scope of ‘environmental’ sectors and goods that have been included or excluded—particularly on lists submitted in the context of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations—and some broad observations that can be drawn from a preliminary observation of the scope or content of these lists. It will conclude by highlighting some implications for future trade negotiations on EGs and putting forward proposals that could help increase momentum, in particular, toward a ‘dual-pronged’ approach for developing EGs lists that could help economies reap both ‘environmental’ and ‘development’ benefits.
Analysis of wood diaphragms and trusses. Part I: Diaphragms

An analysis for wood diaphragms is presented taking into account the deformation of the connections. The load–deformation characteristics for the connectors are assumed to be nonlinear. A numerical example is presented and comparisons are made with experimental results on a 20-ft by 60-ft (6-m by 18-m) plywood and decking roof diaphragm. The agreement between the test results and the predictions of the analysis is shown to be good.
Flowering process in soybean under water deficit conditions: A review on genetic aspects

Abstract Soybean is a key crop in many countries, being used from human food to the animal industry due to its nutritional properties. Financially, the grain chain moves large sums of money into the economy of producing countries. However, like other agricultural commodities around the world, it can have its final yield seriously compromised by abiotic environmental stressors, like drought. As flowers imply in pods and in grains inside it to minimize damages caused by water restriction, researchers have focused on understanding flowering-process related genes and their interactions. Here a review dedicated to the soybean flowering process and gene network involved in it is presented, describing gene interactions and how genes act in this complex mechanism, also ruled by environmental triggers such as day-light and circadian cycle. The objective was to gather information and insights on the soybean flowering process, aiming to provide knowledge useful to assist in the development of drought-tolerant soybean lines, minimizing losses due to delays or anticipation of flowering and, consequently, restraining financial and productivity losses.
Pavement Roughness Indices Related to Riding Comfort

The most widely used pavement roughness index is the international roughness index (IRI), but it is a poor predictor of ride comfort. In addition, the rider has not yet been included in the vehicle model used to evaluate pavement roughness. In this paper, in order to evaluate the comfort of the rider directly and consider the effects on ride comfort of pitch movement, a five-degree-freedom vibration model was built when a rider was added to a pitch-plane vehicle model. The vertical weighted root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration of the rider was suggested to be pavement roughness indices, which were related to ride comfort, respectively. The new roughness indices were calculated and a new pavement roughness evaluation method was developed.
Detection of Gaseous Effluents and By-Products of Fungal Growth that Affect Environments (RP-1243)

Musty odors, often associated with damp or water-damaged buildings, originate from the release of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) from mold growing on building materials and construction substrates. Chemical analysis of air samples is a feasible way to supplement conventional bioaerosol techniques during building investigations. Analytical methodologies for MVOCs are straightforward; however, development of a scientifically validated method to measure unique MVOCs that indicate with high confidence the presence of hidden mold regardless of the amount of mold present remains a challenge. Laboratory studies identified and quantified specific MVOCs associated with various mold species and MVOCs generated by specific molds growing on selected building materials in simulated, realistic conditions. This research determined that numerous MVOCs are released from active mold growth and are dependent on both the type of mold and the host substrate. MVOC profiles generated by 32 combinations of various molds and materials were determined, but only a few of these compounds demonstrated effectiveness in field/building studies. Certain mold-selective MVOCs were identified as potential indicators for specific mold, including methoxybenzene for Stachybotrys chartarum and benzothiazole and menthol for Chaetomium globosum. These studies provided a firm foundation for continued research of mold-specific MVOC markers as indicators of hidden mold and as predictors of potential mold sources in problem buildings.
Morphology of the Antennal Sensilla of Notonectoidea and Comparison of Evolutionary Changes in Sensilla Types and Distribution in Infraorder Nepomorpha (Insecta: Heteroptera)

Simple Summary Antennal sensilla are important sensory organs for insects. According to their morphological structures, they respond to different chemical or mechanical stimuli. The antennae of the studied families of water insects (Notonectidae, Pleidae and Helotrephidae) are short and concealed under the head, leaving a small amount of space for the existence of sensory structures. Nevertheless, six main types of sensilla have been discovered on the surfaces of these antennae. The morphological types described in this study were further compared with other studies on the antennal sensilla of water bugs (Nepomorpha) in order to compare their evolutionary changes within the group. Abstract This article introduces the results of a study of three families of Nepomorpha and is the last part of a series of studies that sums up our work on the morphologies of the antennal sensory structures in this taxon. The morphologies and distribution of the sensilla in the families Notonectidae, Pleidae and Helotrephidae were studied under a scanning electron microscope. Six main types (sensilla trichodea, chaetica, campaniformia, basiconica, ampullacea and coeloconica) and ten subtypes (five subtypes of sensilla trichodea and five subtypes of sensilla basiconica) were described. The results were compared with other studies on the antennal sensilla of Nepomorpha in order to assess evolutionary changes within the infraorder. With the use of cladistics analysis, the monophyly of the families Nepidae, Micronectidae, Corixidae and Gelastocoridae was supported. On the other hand, the occurrence of some clades forming superfamilies was weakly supported by bootstrap analysis. These results, supported by presence of the numerous autapomorphies, suggest that antennal sensilla evolved within inner groups.
Polyphenol-Rich Olive Mill Wastewater Extract and Its Potential Use in Hair Care Products

In this work, the influence of phenol-enriched olive mill wastewater (OMWW) extract on hair growth was investigated in vitro on human follicle dermal papilla cells. OMWW has already shown great potential for use in skincare products, and its high polyphenol content is predestined to have a positive effect on hair growth. The studies included caffeine, a positive modulator of hair growth, and dihydrotestosterone, which causes hair loss in vivo, as controls. The impact of the investigated compounds on hair growth was eva-luated by studies on cell viability and proliferation, the release of growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor), and the reduction of reactive oxygen species formation. OMWW showed a positive influence on the proliferation of the human follicle dermal papilla cells. Moreover, the extract leads to a significantly increased secretion of insu-lin-like growth factor-1, and a considerable reduction in reactive oxygen species formation was observed. Overall, our results show that the investigated phenol-enriched OMWW extract is a promising ingredient for hair care to improve hair growth, prevent hair loss due to oxidative stress and maintain a healthy scalp.
OSSIFICATION AND GROWTH OF THE RIBS AND STERNUM IN PREHATCHING PERIOD OF THE HUBBERT STRAIN BROILER

ABSTRACT Recent researches in experimental embryology of avian species have particularly investigated skeletal mutations, development of cultured embryos under artificial conditions, and teratogenic consequences of new drugs. Data on the normal skeletogenous stages are also essential parameters to interpret and elucidate the data acquired on these studies. Accordingly, a number of 10 embryos were prepared every 24 h from 10 to 20 days of incubation, to report the ossification and growth of the ribs and sternum of the Hubbert strain broiler (JV). The embryos fixed in 10% formaldehyde then 95% ethanol solutions were cleared and the skeletons of the embryos were stained in toto with Alcian blue&alizarin red for cartilage and ossified components, respectively. Observation of the skeletons photography were performed under a stereoscopic microscopy, paying particular attention to the timing of chondrification and ossification of the bones. The first occurrence of the ossification was observed in the ribs on the 11th day of incubation. Those in the sternum were seen on the 15 th day. We observed in this study that the uncinate processes of the ribs showed very early chondrification and ossification. The ossified components continued to develop until the 20 th day of incubation when the hatching took place. Key Words: Broiler, ossification, rib, sternum KULUCKA DONEMINDE HUBBERT IRKI BROYLERLERDE STERNUM VE KOSTALARIN KEMIKLEŞME VE GELIŞIMININ BELIRLENMESI OZET Son yillarda kanatlilar uzerinde yapilan deneysel embriyolojik calismalar ozellikle iskelet mutasyonlari, yapay ortamlarda embriyo kulturlerinin gelisimi ve yeni ilaclarin teratolojik etkilerini icermektedir. Normal iskelet gelisimi verileri, bu calismalarin yorumlanmasi ve dogrulanmasi icin vazgecilmez parametrelerdir. Arastirmada, inkubasyonun 10. gununden 20. gune kadar her gun 10 adet Hubbert (JV) irki embriyosu kulucka makinesinden cikartilarak sternum ve kostalarin kemiklesmesi ve gelisimi gozlemlendi. %10'luk formaldehit solusyonunda ve %95'lik ethanolde tespit edilen embriyolar temizlenerek, kikirdak ve kemik dokularin ayri renklerde tespiti icin alcian blue ve alizarin red ile boyandi. Iskelet sisteminin gozlenmesi ve fotograf cekimleri, ozellikle kikirdaklasma ve kemiklesme zamanlari dikkate alinarak, stereoskopik mikroskopla yapildi. Kostalarda ilk kemiklesme merkezi inkubasyonun 11. gununde saptandi. Sternumun kemiklesmesinin ise 15. gunde basladigi gozlendi. Calismada, kostalarda bulunan Proccessus uncinatus'larin cok erken kikirdaklasma ve kemiklesme surecine basladigi tespit edildi. Kemiklesmis kisimlarin gelisiminin inkubasyonun 20. gunune kadar devam ettigi saptandi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Broyler, Kosta, Kemiklesme, Sternum
Sexual Communication Discrepancies in Married Individuals

Abstract Sexual communication brings numerous relational and sexual benefits. However, individuals often do not communicate sexually with their partners, resulting in the potential for sexual communication discrepancies (SCD). Guided by uncertainty reduction theory, the purpose of this exploratory study was to examine SCD in married relationships. Results of a cross-sectional survey conducted with 398 married individuals revealed a significant relationship between relational uncertainty and SCD, as well as significant associations between SCD and relational and sexual outcomes. The implications of this study are discussed in the context of sexual communication research and clinical settings.
The Jaynes–Cummings Model and Its Descendants

The Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model has been at the forefront of quantum optics for almost six decades to date, providing one of the simplest yet intricately nonlinear formulations of light-matter interaction in modern physics. Laying most of the emphasis on the omnipresence of the model across a range of disciplines, this monograph brings up the fundamental generality of its formalism, looking at a wide gamut of applications in specific physical systems among several realms, including atomic physics, quantum optics, solid-state physics and quantum information science. When bringing the various pieces together to assemble our narrative, we have primarily targeted researchers in quantum physics and quantum optics. The monograph also comprises an accessible introduction for graduate students engaged with non-equilibrium quantum phase transitions, quantum computing and simulation, and quantum many-body physics. In that framework, we aim to reveal the common ground between physics and applications scattered across literature and different technological advancements. The exposition guides the reader through a vibrant field interlacing quantum optics and condensed-matter physics. All sections are devoted to the strong interconnection between theory and experiment, historically linked to the development of the various modern research directions stemming from JC physics. This is accompanied by a comprehensive list of references to the key publications that have shaped its evolution since the early 1960s. Finally, we have endeavored to keep the presentation of such a multi-sided material as concise as possible, interspersing continuous text with various illustrations alongside an economical use of mathematical expressions.
SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SSRG-IJEEE)

SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SSRG-IJEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
New pedagogical approaches in engineering mechanics yield increased student understanding, confidence, and commitment

The Picker Engineering Program at Smith College has formed a close partnership with Smith's Department of Education and Child Study and Department of Educational Outreach in an effort to fundamentally change the delivery of the engineering curriculum. This paper presents learner-centered educational strategies used in Continuum Mechanics I, a course that includes topics from engineering statics, dynamics, and mechanics of materials. Pedagogical elements used in this course include a variety of active learning strategies in the classroom, conceptual frameworks and narratives, project-based learning, metacognitive approaches, and an explicit effort to make a connection with other subjects in the liberal arts. An assessment of these strategies based upon the responses of 27 women who have taken the course is presented and shows that these strategies are effective in positively influencing student learning and attitudes.
Robust Objective Functions for Sonic-Boom Minimization

Some metrics for sonic-boom intensity used as an objective function are studied for robust sonic-boom minimization. Conventional sonic-boom metrics such as initial and final pressure rises or the A-weighted decibel evaluation may introduce unrealistic low sonic-boom pressure signatures which include some sets of consecutive shock pressure peaks at a very short interval. Some new metrics, the A-weighted decibel with a penalty for very short pressure peak intervals or sonic-boom signature mold line evaluations, are shown to be useful to avoid such unrealistic signatures. Minimizing sonic boom across the boom carpet instead of just under the flight path is important for more robust sonic-boom minimization.
Low-power consumption polymeric attenuator using a micromachined membrane-type waveguide

We have proposed and demonstrated a low-power consumption thermooptic variable optical attenuator incorporating a membrane-type asymmetric branch waveguide in polymers. The membrane structure has been introduced by partially removing the silicon substrate with a bulk micromachining technique of backside etching. As a result, the heat flow in the polymer layers has been appropriately adjusted to increase the temperature gradient between the two arms of the branch and thus to enhance the attenuation efficiency. The measured electrical power consumption of the proposed attenuator was as small as 25 mW at 1550 nm, which was reduced by about 50% compared to that of the conventional device. Further improvement is achieved by a more optimized design of the area to be etched away.