Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the nature of the lexicon: The status of rich lexical meanings 1

Both in linguistics and in psycholinguistics there is some debate about how rich or thin lexico-semantic representations are.Traditionally, informalsemantics butalsoinphilosophy of language as well as in cognitive pragmatics, lexical meanings have been thought to be simple stable denotations or functions. In this paper, we present and discuss a number of interpretational phenomena of which the analysis proposed in the literature makes crucial use of rich meanings. The phenomena in question are cases where the assignment of truth-conditional contents to utterances seems to follow rules that do not operate on simple stable denotations or any other kind of ‘ thin ’ meanings but where composition takes rich structured representations asinput. We alsodiscussproblems forsuch accounts,which are mostly based on the inability of extant rich meanings accounts to explain many other interpretational phenomena, and we discuss the solutions that have been proposed to solve them. Further-more, we address the discussion whether the informationally rich meanings are part of semantics, and more speci ﬁ cally part of the lexicon, or whether this information should be ascribed to more general world knowledge.
PIK3CA, KI67, Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Expression Pattern in HER2 Positive Breast Cancers

Female breast cancer is currently the leading cause of global cancer incidence, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases, representing 11.7% of all cancer cases [1]. It is the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with 685,000 deaths [1]. Among women, breast cancer accounts for 1 in 4 cancer cases and for 1 in 6 cancer deaths, ranking first for incidence in the vast majority of countries and for mortality in 110 countries [1]. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, with approximately 20% of the continent’s population and slightly more than half that of West Africa [2, 3]. According to Global Cancer Statistics Abstract
Innate TLR3 Pathway Involving BAFF Respiratory Mucosa B Cells through an Class Switching by Activating Upper Viral Double-Stranded RNA Triggers Ig

Class switch DNA recombination (CSR) from IgM to IgG and IgA is crucial for antiviral immunity. Follicular B cells undergo CSR upon engagement of CD40 by CD40 ligand on CD4 (cid:1) T cells. This T cell-dependent pathway requires 5–7 days, which is too much of a delay to block quickly replicating pathogens. To compensate for this limitation, extrafollicular B cells rapidly undergo CSR through a T cell-independent pathway that involves innate Ag receptors of the TLR family. We found that a subset of upper respiratory mucosa B cells expressed TLR3 and responded to viral dsRNA, a cognate TLR3 ligand. In the presence of dsRNA, mucosal B cells activated NF- (cid:2) B, a transcription factor critical for CSR. Activation of NF- (cid:2) B required TRIF (Toll/IL-1R domain-containing protein inducing IFN- (cid:3) ), a canonical TLR3 adapter protein, and caused germline transcription of downstream C H genes as well as expression of AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase), a DNA-editing enzyme essential for CSR. Subsequent IgG and IgA production was enhanced by BAFF (B cell-activating factor of the TNF family), an innate mediator released by TLR3-expressing mucosal dendritic cells. Indeed, these innate immune cells triggered IgG and IgA responses upon exposure to dsRNA. By showing active TLR3 signaling and ongoing CSR in upper respiratory mucosa B cells from patients with CD40 signaling defects, our ﬁndings indicate that viral dsRNA may initiate frontline IgG and IgA responses through an innate TLR3-dependent pathway involving BAFF. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 181: 276–287. experiments differences experimental variables BAFF enhances viral dsRNA-induced IgG and IgA production in mucosal B cells exposed to dsRNA
An Appraisal of Different Brands of Portland Cement in Umuahia Industrial Market, Nigeria

This study appraised some physical properties of five brands of Portland cement bought from Umuahia Industrial market as a preliminary search for the remote cause of high rate of storey building failure in Umuahia. Products sampled include 42.5 grade cements of Dangote Cement Company Plc (Dangote Cement) and Ibeto Cement Company (Ibeto Cement) as well as 32.5 grade cements of United Cement Company (Unicem cement), Lafarge Group (Elephant cement), and Atlas Cement Company (Atlas cement). The cement samples were analysed using methods of physical tests and conformity criteria for hydraulic cement specified by Indian Standards (IS 4031:1988), British Standards (BS 4550-3.4:1978) and European Standard (EN 197-1 2000). Results revealed that the respective fineness of 2%, 0.34%, 0.17%, 0.3% and 0.35% for Dangote, Elephant, Ibeto, Unicem and Atlas cements are in conformity with the standard specification of 10% maximum. However, average specific gravity of the cement samples investigated are below the standard value of 3.1 minimum. Contrary to general expectations, the 32.5 grade Unicem and Elephant cements meant for light weight construction exhibited high concrete strength than the 42.5 grade Dangote and Ibeto cements that were designed for constructing load bearing superstructures. Since most of the cements used in Umuahia are sourced from Umuahia Industrial market, substandard 42.5 grade cement constitute one of the major cause of high rate of storey building collapse in this city.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy

Abstract IMPORTANCE Monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment decreases hospitalization and death in high-risk outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19. However, no studies have evaluated adverse events and effectiveness of mAbs in pregnant persons compared to no mAb treatment. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of drug-related adverse events and obstetric-associated safety outcomes after treatment with mAb compared to no mAb treatment, and the association between mAb treatment and a composite of 28-day COVID-19-related hospital admission or emergency department visit, COVID-19-associated delivery, or mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Propensity-score matched cohort study of persons aged 12 years of age or older with a pregnancy episode and any documented positive SARS-CoV-2 test (polymerase chain reaction or antigen test) in the UPMC health system from April 30, 2021 to January 21, 2022. EXPOSURES Bamalanivmab and etesevimab, casirivimab and imdevimab, or sotrovimab treatment compared to no mAb treatment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Drug-related adverse events, obstetric-associated safety outcomes among persons who delivered, and a risk-adjusted composite of 28-day COVID-19-related hospital admission or ED visit, COVID-19-associated delivery, or mortality. RESULTS Among 944 pregnant persons (median [IQR] age 30 [26, 33] years, White (79.5%, N=750), median [IQR] Charlson Comorbidity Index Score 0 (0,0)), 552 persons received mAb treatment (58%). Median gestational age at COVID-19 diagnosis or treatment was 179 days (IQR: 123, 227), and most persons received sotrovimab (69%, N=382). Of those with known vaccination status, 178 (62%) were fully vaccinated. Drug-related adverse events were uncommon (N=8, 1.4%), and there were no differences in any obstetric-associated outcome among 276 persons who delivered. After propensity score matching, the frequency of the composite 28-day COVID-19-associated outcome was 4.0 per 100 persons (95% CI 1.9, 6.2) in mAb-treated compared to 3.7 per 100 persons (95% CI 1.7, 5.8) in non-treated controls (risk difference = 0.31 per 100 persons [95% CI -2.6, 3.3). There were no deaths among mAb-treated patients compared to 1 death in the non-treated controls (p = 0.24). There were more non-COVID-19-related hospital admissions in the mAb-treated persons (risk difference 2.8 per 100 persons (95% CI 1.1, 4.5)). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In pregnant persons with mild to moderate COVID-19, adverse events after mAb treatment were mild and rare. There was no difference in obstetric-associated safety outcomes between mAb treatment and no treatment among persons who delivered. MAb treatment was associated with similar 28-day COVID-19-associated outcomes and more non-COVID-19-related hospital admissions compared to no mAb treatment.
EXAMINING PERSONALIZATION HEURISTICS BY TOPICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERY LOG

Personalization has been considered to be a promising way for future web search. Many algorithms have been proposed based on diﬀerent heuristics. There is little work on systematically examining such heuristics. In this article, we examine typical personalization heuristics based on a commercial search engine query log. We aim to provide evidence to show the necessity, potential and limitations for personalization. Specially, we utilize automated query topic classiﬁcation to simulate query intents and user preferences, which ensures that our study can be conducted on large scale query log data. We examine the heuristics on query ambiguity, query intent, user preferences and their interactions. We ﬁnd that only a few queries with multiple user intents are inherently ambiguous. Queries with a speciﬁc meaning also have various user intents on diﬀerent query aspects. About 48% of such queries involve named entities. We introduce new metrics to measure user preferences and preference distribution. These metrics show that searchers do have their preferences and focus on only a few interested topics. We assess the potential and diﬃculty for personalization based on search history. The results show that users with long search history beneﬁt more from personalization, while the diﬃculty is nearly the same for users with either long or short search history. These observations could provide references for potential directions of web personalization.
High tibial osteotomy in Sweden, 1998-2007 A population-based study of the use and rate of revision to knee arthroplasty

Background and purpose Most studies on high tibial osteotomies (HTO) are hospital-based and based on a limited number of patients. Expressed as rate of revision to knee arthroplasty we evaluated the use and outcome of HTO performed in Sweden (9 million inhabitants) 1998-2007. Patients and methods 3 161 HTO procedures on patients 30 years or older (69% men) operated on for knee osteoarthritis in Sweden 1998-2007 were identified through the in- and outpatient care registers of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Pertinent data were verified through surgical records. Conversions of HTO to knee arthroplasty before 2010 were identified through the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR). The 10-year survival was analysed using revision to an arthroplasty as the end point.
Treatment of APCII Pelvic Fractures. Variables That Affect the Outcomes

Introduction: Pelvic fractures are frequently associated with high-energy trauma. Mortality varies from 5%-46%. In these patients, the factors related to poor outcomes are still controversial. Purpose: To explore if the variables analyzed were related with the long term outcomes of the treatment of an anterior-posterior compression type II pelvic fracture (APCII; AO/OTA: 61B2.3). Materials and Methods: 79 cases were analyzed and 23 patients remained for evaluation according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pelvic radiographs (anteroposterior, inlet and outlet) and CT-scans were evaluated. The Young & Burgess classification was used to define the fracture pattern and the Majeed Score for clinical outcomes. Variables analyzed: emergency treatment, associated injuries, delay for definitive fixation, method of fixation, quality of immediate postoperative reduction and surgical site infection. results: We did not find any statistical relation between the type of emergency treatment, associated injuries, delay for definitive fixation, method of fixation, and the long-term clinical outcome. Patients who had an immediate postoperative reduction of less than 1 cm and those who did not have a surgical site infection obtained better functional outcomes (statistically significant). conclusion: The quality variables of immediate postoperative reduction and surgical site infection in patients with APCII pelvic fracture had a direct relation with long-term functional and clinical outcomes. variables una conclusión:
Enhancement of Active Swimming near Fluid Interfaces

Microorganisms often move through heterogeneous fluid medium composed of multiple materials with very different properties. Biological locomotions are significantly influenced by the physical compositions and rheology of the fluidic environment. Some micro-swimmers are able to exploit nearby deformable interfaces to enhance their speed. Through computational simulations, we investigate the movement of a finite-length undulatory swimmer near interfaces within a viscous two-fluid media. Our results show that significant speed-ups can be obtained only if the active swimmer has a large body elasticity.
Offloading Decision Making for Workflow Applications Using an Enhanced Genetic Algorithm in the Edge Environment

Edge computing is an environment suitable for processing the workflow applications produced by the IoT devices to reduce time and energy consumption. The execution of the workflow task in the Cloud computing environment increases the consumption of both time and energy. In order to solve this issue, this paper proposes a new approach, namely, Decision making Regarding the offloading of A subset of the Workflow application (DRAW). In the DRAW approach, selecting the destination environment for executing the subset of the workflow application occurs in the Edge environment. The DRAW uses the genetic algorithm for offloading the subset to minimize the objective factors, including total execution time and energy consumption. It equally prioritizes both the objective factors for improving the execution of the subset in the Cloud environment using the improved genetic algorithm. The DRAW approach improves the genetic algorithm by removing its traditional limitations and produces an effective possible solution in terms of better offspring. Finally, the algorithm stops by attaining the best solution from the possible solutions. Thus, the implementation results show that the DRAW approach significantly outperforms the existing approach by minimizing execution time and energy consumption.
Influenza Infection Activation in the Human Response to Dendritic Cells Is Necessary for NK Cell NKp46 and NKG2D Recognition of Infected

At an early phase of viral infection, contact and cooperation between dendritic cells (DCs) and NK cells activates innate immunity, and also inﬂuences recruitment, when needed, of adaptive immunity. Inﬂuenza, an adaptable fast-evolving virus, annually causes acute, widespread infections that challenge the innate and adaptive immunity of humanity. In this study, we dissect and deﬁne the molecular mechanisms by which inﬂuenza-infected, human DCs activate resting, autologous NK cells. Three events in NK cell activation showed different requirements for soluble mediators made by infected DCs and for signals arising from contact with infected DCs. IFN- (cid:1) was mainly responsible for enhanced NK cytolysis and also important for CD69 up-regulation, whereas IL-12 was necessary for enhancing IFN- (cid:2) production. Increased CD69 expression and IFN- (cid:2) production, but not increased cytolysis, required recognition of inﬂuenza-infected DCs by two NK cell receptors: NKG2D and NKp46. Abs speciﬁc for these receptors or their known ligands (UL16-binding proteins 1–3 class I-like molecules for NKG2D and inﬂuenza hemagglutinin for NKp46) inhibited CD69 expression and IFN- (cid:2) production. Activation of NK cells by inﬂuenza-infected DCs and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))-treated DCs was distinguished. Poly(I:C)-treated DCs did not express the UL16-binding protein 3 ligand for NKG2D, and in the absence of the inﬂuenza hemagglutinin there was no involvement of NKp46. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178: 2688–2698. Genomic DNA PBMC DNA 2201-bp MICA gene fragment ampliﬁed (54). annealing 65°C. sequenced primers previously (55). combinations, 2201-bp MICA PCR product sequencing to express the ULBP
Recounting Iron-Deficiency Anemia to Pregnant Women and Adolescents: A Cause for Concern

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com deficiency is dietary inadequacy. In women of reproductive age, menstrual losses also contribute considerably to iron deficiency. In developing countries, such as Bangladesh, parasitic infections such as malaria and hookworm also contribute to iron deficiency [1]. In addendum, deficiencies of other micronutrients, including folate and vitamins B12, B6, and A also contribute to anemia [1,3]. Iron deficiency and anemia impede normal human functions in all age groups, reducing work performance [4]. Anemia can also result in numerous morbidities including miscarriage, preterm delivery, placental abruption and lower birth weight [3,5]. Impaired immune responses, gastrointestinal abnormalities, changes in the hair and nails, impaired thermogenesis, altered thyroid metabolism, and changes in catecholamine turnover are also the consequences of maternal iron deficiency [2].
Dopamine Receptors Differentially Control Binge Alcohol Drinking- Dopamine Receptors Differentially Control Binge Alcohol Drinking-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity of the Core Nucleus Accumbens Mediated Synaptic Plasticity of the Core Nucleus Accumbens Direct and Indirect Pathways Direct and Indirect Pa

Bingealcoholdrinking,abehaviorcharacterizedbyrapidrepeatedalcoholintake,ismostprevalentinyoungadultsandisariskfactorforexcessivealcoholconsumptionandalcoholdependence.Althoughthealterationofsynapticplasticityisthoughttocontributetothisbehavior,thereiscurrentlylittleevidencethatthisisthecase.Weuseddrinkinginthedark(DID)asamodelofbingealcoholdrinkingtoassessitseffectsonspiketiming-dependentplasticity(STDP)inmediumspinyneurons(MSNs)ofthecorenucleusaccumbens(NAc)bycombiningpatch-clamprecordingswithcalciumimagingandoptogenetics.After2weeksofdailyalcoholbinges,synapticplasticitywasprofoundlyaltered.STDPinMSNsexpressingdopamineD1receptorsshiftedfromspike-timing-dependentlong-termdepression(tLTD),thepredominantformofplasticityinnaivemalemice,tospike-timing-dependentlong-termpotentiation(tLTP)inDIDmice,aneffectthatwastotallyreversedinthepresenceof4 (cid:2) M SCH23390, a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist. In MSNs presumably expressing dopamine D2 receptors, tLTP, the main form of plasticity in naive mice, was inhibited in DID mice. Interestingly, 1 (cid:2) M sulpiride, a D2 receptor antagonist, restored tLTP. Although we observed no alterations of AMPA and NMDA receptor properties, we found that the AMPA/NMDA ratio increased at cortical and amygdaloid inputs but not at hippocampal inputs. Also, DID effects on STDP were accompanied by lower dendritic calcium transients. These data suggest that the role of dopamine in mediating the effects of binge alcohol drinking on synaptic plasticity of NAc MSNs differs markedly whether these neurons belong to the direct or indirect pathways. For experiments comparing STDP in dopamine D1 receptors [D1R( (cid:3) )] and dopamine D2 receptors [D1R( (cid:4) )] MSNs, we used a two-wayANOVAanda posthoc Bonferroni’smultiple-comparisonanal-ysis to test statistical significance when comparing the magnitude of STDP in multifactorial experimental conditions. All averaged results are expressed as the mean (cid:11) SEM. In all tests, p values (cid:9) 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Final Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Environmental Assessment for Realignment of Nellis Air Force Base

Abstract : The Air Force proposes to implement the 2005 BRAC Commission's mandated realignment for Nellis AFB. Realignment would supplement the 57th Adversary Tactics Group complement of aircraft for two existing aggressor squadrons at the base. The 64th Aggressor Squadron (64 AGRS) and the 65th Aggressor Squadron (65 AGRS) would receive 5 F-16 aircraft and 18 F-15C aircraft, respectively. Currently, the missions of these aircraft at Nellis AFB are performed by aircraft and aircrews on temporary duty (TDY) assignment. For this reason, the realigned aircraft would not conduct additional operations at the base or at the Nevada Test and Training Range beyond those performed previously by the TDY aircraft. Beddown of the aircraft would occur in Fiscal Year 2007 (FY07), FY10, and FY11. The proposed action would include construction of 11 new facilities for personnel and equipment scheduled for FY07 through FY09. Personnel increases of 464 permanently-based personnel and 60 part-time Reservists would also form part of the action. Because it is mandated by law, the Air Force must implement the BRAC realignment. Since the Air Force may supplement the BRAC action, the service considered a post-BRAC alternative. This alternative would incorporate all of the components of the BRAC realignment and provide additional aircraft construction, and personnel. Under the post-BRAC alternative, the 64 AGRS would receive an additional 8 F-16 aircraft in FY07. To support these aircraft, the post-BRAC alternative would add 45 personnel and 7 construction projects. Construction would occur in FY11. Because the additional F-16s would comprise more aircraft than previously flown by TDY aircrews performing the aggressor mission, the 64 AGRS would fly 1,400 more sorties from Nellis AFB. This Final EA analyzes the potential environmental consequences of the proposed BRAC realignment at Nellis AFB, the post-BRAC alternative, and the no-action alternative.
New planetary rovers for long-range Mars science and sample return

There are significant international efforts underway to place mobile robots (`rovers') on the surface of Mars. This follows on the recent successful NASA Mars Pathfinder flight of summer 1997. In that mission, the 11+ Kg Sojourner rover explored a small 50 meter locale about its lander over a several week period. Future planned science missions of the Mars Surveyor Program are more aggressive, seeking to autonomously survey planetary climate, life and resources over multiple kilometers and many months duration. These missions will also retrieve collected sample materials back to a Mars Ascent Vehicle for more detailed analysis on Earth. In support of these future missions we are developing and field testing new rover technology concepts. We first overview the design and initial operations of SRR-1 (Sample Return Rover), a novel 10 kg-class four wheel, hybrid composite-metal vehicle for rapid (10 - 30 cm/sec) autonomous location, rendezvous, and retrieval of collected samples under integrated visual and beacon guidance. SRR is a light 88 X 55 X 36 (LWH) cm3 vehicle collapsing to less than one third its deployed field volume, and carrying a powerful, visually-servoed all-composite manipulator. We then sketch development of the FIDO rover (Field Integrated Design and Operations), a new 50+ kg, six wheel, approximately 100 X 80 X 50 (LWH) cm3, high mobility, multi-km range science vehicle which includes mast-mounted multi-spectral stereo, bore-sighted IR point spectrometer, robot arm with attached microscope, and body- mounted rock sampling corer. Currently in integration phase, FIDO rover will first be tested in September, 1998, `MarsYard (JPL)' operations, followed by CY99 full-scale terrestrial field simulations of a planned Mars '03 multi- kilometer roving mission (Athena-based science rover payload), demonstrating remote science selection, autonomous navigation, in situ sample analysis, and robotic sample collection functions.