Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in Earthquake Source and Ground Motion Characteristics between Surface and Buried Crustal Earthquakes

In previous work, we have shown that the ground motions from crustal earthquakes that break the ground surface are weaker than the ground motions from buried faulting crustal earthquakes. In this paper, we describe di#erences in kinematic and dynamic source parameters that may give rise to these di#erences in ground motion levels. From kinematic rupture models, we show that the slip velocity of surface faulting earthquakes is less that the slip velocity of buried faulting earthquakes. From dynamic rupture models, we infer that rupture in the shallow part of fault (upper few km) is controlled by velocity strengthening, with larger slip weakening distance Dc, larger fracture energy, larger energy absorption from the crack tip, lower rupture velocity, and lower slip velocity than at greater depths on the fault. Dynamic rupture modeling using these properties results in lower ground motions for surface faulting than for buried faulting events, consistent with the observations.
Observations of Energetic High-Wavenumber Internal Waves in the Kuroshio

Abstract Intense and spatially coherent shear layers were detected in and under the Kuroshio in an April 2000 survey in the East China Sea. The sloping layers, revealed by shipboard Doppler sonars on the R/V Roger Revelle, appeared to cross isopycnal surfaces. Except in a small region near the Kuroshio shelfbreak front, the rms finescale shear associated with the layers significantly exceeded the geostrophic shear. An April 2002 follow-on cruise was organized to establish whether these motions were propagating internal waves. Shipboard and lowered ADCPs were both operated from the R/V Melville. In addition to CTD-sonar transects, a 30-h time series of currents and shear was obtained in the core of the Kuroshio near the island of Kyushu, Japan. The shear structures were indeed found to be propagating, with both up- and down-going internal wave motions present. In comparison with the nearby open ocean, the finescale (<160 m) vertical shear variance is increased by a factor of 3 in the Kuroshio and by a fact.
The lateralization pattern has an inﬂ uence on the severity of ankle sprains

Study design: Descriptive study. Background: Many risk factors contributing to ankle sprains have been studied in medical literature with coordination and balance being two of the major endogenous factors described. These are inﬂ uenced by lateralization – a developmental and adaptive ability determined by the asymmetrical construction of the human brain, with cross-laterality referring to mixed limb dominance. Objectives: To determine whether cross lateralization is a risk factor for the severity of ligamentous injuries in ankle sprains since no data is yet available on such correlation. Methods: Two hundred forty-four patients with acute ankle sprains (136 men and 108 women) were prospectively evaluated between April 2006 and March 2009. The mean age was 30 (ranging from 18 to 76). Clinical and ultrasonographic examinations were performed on the study subjects. Laterality was then assessed by the
Synthesis on estimates of achievable soil carbon sequestration on agricutural land across Europe

3 Table of contents . 4 List of Tables . 5 List of Figures . 5 List of acronyms and abbreviations . 6 1. Executive summary . 7 2. Introduction and goal of T2.4.3 . 8 3. Methodology and data source . 9 4. Results and discussion . 11 4.1 Data and data coverage . 11 4.2 Mineral soils . 11 4.2. 1 Question 1 (Q1): Are there any quantitative estimations of the achievable carbon sequestration under different soil management in your country (finished or ongoing studies)? 15 4.2. 2 Measures and land use Q1 . 21 4.2.3 Methods Q1: . 21 4.2. 5 Measures Q2 . 24 4.2. 6 Methods for quantifying changes in C stocks (Q2) . 25 4.3 Organic soils . 27 4.3. 1 Question 3 (Q3): Are there any quantitative estimates for reducing GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) from managed organic soils under different soil management in your country (finished or ongoing studies)? 27 4.3. 2. Question 4: Are there any estimated GHG mitigation potentials for managed organic soils derived from field studies in your country? 28 4.4 Knowledge gaps reported by MS . 30 4.4.1 Knowledge gaps in C-Sequestration in mineral soils . 30 4.4.2 Knowledge gaps in organic soils . 39 5. General knowledge gaps and future research directions . 42 5.5. 1 General methodological challenges: . 42 5.5. 2 Socio-economic factors: . 43 5.5. 3 SCS under climate change . 43 5.5. 4 Trade off C-Sequestration vs other GHG: . 43 5.5.5 Effects of measures and alternatives: . 44 5.5. 6 Costs of measures . 46 5.5. 7 Soil (bio-) chemical properties. 47 5.5. 8 Carbon use efficiency in differently managed systems . 47 5.5. 9 GHG mitigation measure of organic soils: . 47 6. Conclusions . 48 7. Limitations of the synthesis . 48 References . 49 Deliverable 2.3 Synthesis on estimates of achievable soil carbon sequestration on agricutural land across Europe This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N° 862695 5 Annex . 58 A List of references mineral soils . 58 B List of references organic soils . 71 C List of finished and ongoing projects . 75 D List of experts and contacts Task T 2.4.3 . 82 E Questionnaire for MS . 84
Exploring academic misconduct: Some insights into student behaviour

Academic research and newspaper stories suggest that academic misconduct, including plagiarism, is on the increase. This apparent increase coupled with new internet enterprises selling ‘pass’ papers and customized research are worrying trends. Academic misconduct is deeply harmful in a number of ways by devaluing awards, frustrating academics and demotivating ‘honest’ students. Despite the heightened attention given to it, the entire subject seems to be clouded in uncertainty, not least what students themselves think. This article addresses student attitudes and understandings of academic misconduct. Findings from a study conducted within a large business school indicated that teaching on plagiarism was ineffective and there were many misunderstandings, which had coincided with high levels of unintentional plagiarism, bogus referencing and collusion. First-year students in particular experienced difficulties. As part of this article a theoretical framework for understanding student behaviour is proposed which may suggest various improved learning and teaching strategies.
Exploring and exploiting medical tourism opportunities in Greece

Σκοπός της eργασίας eίναι να eξeτάσeι και να eξeρeυνήσeι τους υπάρχοντeς ιδιωτικούς οργανισμούς που προσφέρουν υπηρeσίeς ιατρικού τουρισμού και να eξακριβώσeι την πιθανότητα ανάπτυξης του τομέα ιατρικού τουρισμού στην Eλλάδα.
Illuminating the dark road from schizophrenia genetic associations to disease mechanisms

Recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled the discovery of common genetic variations contributing to risk architectures of schizophrenia in human populations; however, the majority of GWAS-identified variants are located in large genomic regions spanning multiple genes, and recognizing the precise targets and mechanisms of these clinical associations is now the major challenge. Here, we review recent progress in schizophrenia genetics, functional genomics and related neuroscience research, and propose a functional pipeline to translate schizophrenia GWAS risk loci into disease biology and information for drug discovery. The pipeline includes identification of underlying molecular mechanisms using transcriptomic data in human brain, prioritization of putative functional causative variants by the integration of genetic epidemiological and bioinformatics methods as well as molecular approaches, and in vitro and in vivo experimental characterizations of the identified targeted species and causative variants to dissect the relevant disease biology. These approaches will accelerate progress from schizophrenia genetic studies to biological mechanisms and ultimately guide the development of prognostic, preventive and therapeutic measures.
Analysing how constraints impact architectural decision-making

Architectural design projects are characterised by a high number of constraints. Along with planning, energy performance and fire safety regulations, current designers have to face constraining factors related to budget, acoustics, orientation, wind turbulence, accessibility for the disabled, and so forth. These constraints steer the design process implicitly and explicitly in certain directions as soon as architectural designers aim at satisfying design briefs. We aim in this article at analysing the impact of such constraints on the design process. At this end, we have studied four design sessions in a particular (student) design use case. In analysing these four sessions, we used linkography as a method, because this appeared to be one of the better options to obtain a more quantitative assessment of the design process. The linkography method was combined with an interview of the student design team, in order to check the correctness of our conclusions.
Impact of Strategy Implementation on Performance of Generic Strategy: Evidence from Thailand Mayookapan

The South East Asian Journal of Management (ISSN 1978-1989) aims to present the latest thinking andand research that t test, extends, or builds management theory and contributes to management practice. All empirical methods - s -- including, but not limited to, qualitative, quantitative, ﬁ eld, laboratory
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints Abstract by Matthijs Dorst Based on the paper by

The Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (or SIFT) algorithm is a highly robust method to extract and consequently match distinctive invariant features from images. These features can then be used to reliably match objects in diering images. The algorithm was rst proposed by Lowe [12] and further developed to increase performance resulting in the classic paper [13] that served as foundation for SIFT which has played an important role in robotic and machine vision in the past decade.
Composite Analysis of Long-Lived Mesoscale Vortices over the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Valley: Octant Features and Evolution Mechanisms

ABSTRACTA 14-yr climatology is presented of the mesoscale vortices generated in the vicinity of the Dabie Mountains [Dabie vortices (DBVs)] in the Yangtze River valley. Analyzing these vortices using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), DBVs were found to be a frequent type of summer mesoscale weather system, with a mean monthly frequency of 12.2. DBVs were mainly located in the middle and lower troposphere, and ~92% of them triggered precipitation. Most DBVs were short lived, and only 19.5% persisted for more than 12 h. Latent heat release associated with precipitation is a dominant factor for the DBV’s three-dimensional geometry features, life span, and intensity.The long-lived DBVs, all of which triggered torrential rainfall, were analyzed using a composite analysis under the normalized polar coordinates. Results indicate that these vortices generally moved eastward and northeastward, which corresponded to the vortices’ orientation, divergence, vorticity budget, and kinetic energy budget. The.
Early Mesozoic dike swarms of carbonatites and lamprophyres in Datong area

In the Carboniferous-Permian coal formations in Datong area lots of basic dike warms occur. They are mainly carbonatites and basic-ultrabasic lamprophyres. The strata, relationships as well as Rb-Sr and K-Ar isotopic chronology show that the dike swarms were formed at Late Triassic(229Ma). The Sr、Nd isotopic ratios and Rb/Sr ratios of carbonatites and lamprophyres indicate that they were originated from a crustal-mantle mixing type reservoir. The stable element ratio of compatible and incompatible elements implies that they are liquid immiscible congeners coming from a primitive magma consisting of mixed carbonatites and silicates. Examination of the conditions reveals that they were formed in extensional tectonic sittings and controlled by structures at different levels. Study on Datong dike swarms will play an important role in further understanding the evolution of the Early Mesozoic lithosphere in North China.
From Foreshore to Foredune: Foredune Development Over the Last 30 Years at Moruya Beach, New South Wales, Australia

Abstract Between 1974 and 1976, a series of east-coast cyclones in the western Tasman Sea resulted in extensive coastal erosion along southeastern Australia. In many beach compartments, the backshore and incipient foredune were completely removed, and the sea cut back into the swale and/or second dune ridge. This occurred at Moruya Beach, where a profile monitoring program had been established in 1972—a program that continues to this day. Here we report field evidence describing the initial condition of the beach, its subsequent erosion (such that the position of the initial backshore became the foreshore), and how this foreshore became reconstituted as a backshore ultimately developing into the present foredune. Critical to the formation of the frontal dune was the presence of a broad backshore berm at an elevation of 2.3 to 2.8 m above local mean sea level (MSL). Achievement of this elevation did not, by itself, guarantee foredune development. Rather, there is also a width threshold to the berm, which at Moruya is at least 30 m. While the berm reached either this elevation (2.3 to 2.8 m) or width (>30 m) on several occasions prior to the formation of the incipient foredune, it was only when both conditions were satisfied that the embryo foredune developed into an incipient foredune. This was in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Incremental vertical growth of the foredune took place over the next 15 years, from an elevation of ca. 3.0 m up to 5 m above MSL. Initially, the position of the newly accreted foredune was well seaward of its prestorm (1972) position, but in the last few years it has tended to migrate inland, though the geographic position of the mean and high water level intercepts have not migrated with it.
Radiosonde-Based Northern Hemisphere Tropospheric Water Vapor Trends

Abstract Trends in tropospheric water vapor at Northern Hemisphere radiosonde stations are presented for two periods;1973–95 and 1958–95. Stations with incomplete or inhomogeneous temporal records were identified and excluded from the analysis. For the 1973–95 period, trends in surface–500-mb precipitable water and in specific humidity, dewpoint, and temperature at the 850-mb level are shown. At most stations in this analysis, precipitable water, specific humidity, and dewpoint temperature have increased along with temperature over the period. An exception is Europe, over which temperature increased but humidity slightly decreased. Water vapor increases are larger, more uniform, and more significant over North America than over Eurasia, and the differences in trend magnitude and sign between the two regions may be attributable to changes in the late 1970s that affected North America more than Eurasia. Seasonal and annual correlations of surface–500-mb precipitable water with temperature, dewpoint temperat.
The Onset of Convection in the Madden–Julian Oscillation

Abstract An observational study of the onset of convection in the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was performed. Composites of radiosonde data from the Comprehensive Aerological Reference Data Set were constructed for an ensemble of tropical stations located in the Indian Ocean, Maritime Continent, and western Pacific Ocean. The composites suggest that for the off-equatorial stations used in this study, the MJO period may be set by the buildup and discharge of the low-level moist static energy. This result supports the discharge–recharge hypothesis of Blade and Hartmann. MJO events appear to begin when the off-equatorial atmosphere has been destabilized through a combination of low-level moist static energy buildup and concurrent drying of the middle troposphere by subsidence in the wake of the previous cycle of MJO convection. The low-level moist static energy buildup is controlled by a corresponding increase in low-level moisture. The increase in low-level moisture is not caused by the 1000-mb convergen.
Change of SMBC and SMBN under Conservation Tillage on Sloping Dryland

In order to study the change of the SOC's,Nitrogen's,SMBC's and SMBN's contents in soil,a experiment on the long-term locating field plots was performed smoothly on the semi-humid areas of the west of the Henan province.The results suggested that organic carbon in soil and nitrogen in soil are both increased under the sub-soiling tillage and no-tillage.Comparing with the other tillage patterns,the sub-soiling tillage have a highest SOC contents in soil,that is 6.79 g/kg,13.82% improved comparing to the traditional tillage.Nitrogen contents in soil under no-tillage have a highest contents among the above tillage patterns that is 0.797 g/kg,10.42% improved comparing to the traditional tillage.SOC and nitrogen is decreasing with soil layer being deepened.In the 0~20 cm soil layer under the sub-soiling tillage and no-tillage,SMBC and SMBN contents have been 79.3%,19.9% and 17.92%,8.13% improved comparing to the traditional tillage,and then the phenomenon of the bacterial enrichment was occurred under the low sloping soil.The positive co-relation distinguishedly was appeared between the SMBC and nitrogen in soil,SMBN,SMBC,and SMBN can be considered as the biological indexes to estimate the quality of the soil,for which have a distinguished relation.Hence,the subsoiling tillage and no-tillage have perfect future in appliance.
Small Molecules: Substrate Inhibitors, Chaperones, Stop-Codon Read Through, and Beyond

Lysosomal storage disorders are rare genetic disorders due to deficient lysosomal activity, which leads to progressive accumulation of nonmetabolized substrates. Patient’s clinical outcomes have significantly improved since the advent of enzyme replacement therapy, even though this therapeutic approach presents important limitations, such as immune reactions, low bioavailability of recombinant enzymes, and incapability to reach the central nervous system. New strategies based on gene therapy or small molecules have been proposed and tested as an alternative to enzyme replacement therapy or to complement it. Small molecules are orally administrated, no antigenic compound that can diffuse across cell membranes and distribute in steady-state concentrations, also reaching the central nervous system. Substrate reduction therapy, pharmacological chaperones, and stop-codon read-through enhancers are small molecules currently available for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. This article describes the characteristics of this class of compounds and the possible strategies to improve their efficiency in future development.
Conservation biogeography of the snake family Colubridae of China

The areal distribution of the snake family Colubridae in China was analyzed quantitatively with the aims of determining the zoogeographic regions, areas of endemism, priority areas for conservation and important environmental factors. A presence/absence data matrix of 141 Colubridae species was analyzed by the two-way indicator analysis (TWINSPAN) for regionalization, parsimony analysis of endemicity for areas of endemism, and linear programming for priority areas selection. Ecological niche modeling was integrated into priority areas selection to achieve the objective of protecting species potential suitable habitats. The Bioclim True/False model was used because of its conservatism property. Results indicated there are nine major zoogeographical regions based on Colubridae species, some of which had been documented by previous zoogeographical regionalizations of East Asia. Four endemic areas were identified by parsimony analysis of endemicity: One in Yunnan, one in Taiwan, and another two in Tibet Province. Optimal priority areas set identified thirty-five grid cells based on species' suitable habitat ranges.
What is systemic risk? : moral hazard, initial shocks and propagation

This paper discusses different aspects of the notion of systemic risk. It contains a selective survey of the research on related topics, a review of some case studies of financial crises and failures, and a discussion pointing toward the importance of moral hazard as a key element of systemic risk. The main ideas studied are the links between capital structure theory and bank capital regulation, and moral hazard and agency theory at the level of the individual trader, the financial firm, and the overall financial system. Another important idea is the co- determination of asset prices and bank solvency. My main focus is on moral hazard as a potentially fruitful area for future research. Although existing research emphasizes the powerful propagation mechanisms whereby a small initial shock can be amplified by the financial system, I suggest that moral hazard, together with leverage at the level of the individual firm, can cause a large shock to the financial system.
Surface Reconstruction for Biological Research of Bryophyte Canopies

This paper covers the topic of three dimensional reconstruction of small textureless formations usually found in biological samples. Generally used reconstructing algorithms do not provide sufficient accuracy for surface analysis. In order to achieve better results, combined strategy was developed, linking stereo matching algorithms with monocular depth cues such as depth from focus and depth from illumination. Proposed approach is practically tested on bryophyte canopy structure. Recent studies concerning bryophyte structure applied various modern, computer analysis methods for determining moss layer characteristics drawing on the outcomes of a previous research on surface of soil. In contrast to active methods, this method is a non-contact passive, therefore, it does not emit any kind of radiation which can lead to interference with moss photosynthetic pigments, nor does it affect the structure of its layer. This makes it much more suitable for usage in natural environment.
Infiltration Rates After Wildfire in the Bitterroot Valley

Recent fires have renewed interest in fire's effect on different components of the ecosystem, in particular fire's effects on infiltration and runoff. Forests subjected to high severity burns often develop water repellent soil conditions. Under this condition, the infiltration of water into the soil is lowered and consequently additional runoff occurs. Increased runoff can contribute to surface erosion and lead to sediment deposition in downstream areas. In this study, a rainfall simulator was used to compare infiltration rates from plots located in high severity burned areas to plots in undisturbed areas on the Sula Ranger District, Bitterroot National Forest in western Montana after the 2000 fire season. Simulated rainfall was applied to 102 0.5 m 2 plots for 60 min at 100 mm hr -1 . Bottles collected runoff at 1 and 2-min intervals. There were 15 plots for each of the four burned sites, and 14 plots for the three unburned