Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time Response of the Frequency of Hydroelectric Generator Unit with Surge Tank Under Isolated Operation Based on Turbine Regulating Modes

Abstract Aiming at studying the regulation quality of isolated turbine regulating systems under load disturbance and different regulation modes, the complete mathematical model of a turbine regulating system under three regulation modes is established. Then, based on dominant poles and null points, the method of order reduction for a high-order system of time response of the frequency is proposed. By this method, the complete high-order systems are solved and the regulation quality for time response of the frequency is studied. The results indicate that (1) the tail wave, which is the main body of time response of the frequency and the principal factor that determines the regulation quality, is mainly determined by the dominant poles; (2) for the three regulation modes, by deleting the high-order terms, the three equivalent overall transfer functions are fourth order, third order, and third order, respectively, and can be solved; (3) the analytical fluctuation equations of time response of the frequency solved from low-order equivalent overall transfer functions accurately simulate the fluctuation characteristics of time response; and (4) based on damped vibrations decomposed from analytical fluctuation equations, the regulation qualities of three regulation modes are analyzed.
Surface-guided transport systems of the future

The various possible means of rapid transport on which work is proceeding in various countries are described. These include means of very high-speed comfortable travel between towns (Advanced Passenger Train (APT) and Hovertrain), commuter travel (into and out of towns: Victoria Line, BART system) and, for more personal transport of small or larger groups within towns, computer-controlled tracked buses and taxis (Transurban, StaRRcar, Cabinentaxi, Dashaveyor, Monocab). For very short distances (e.g. for interchange), moving pavements are included (Speedaway). Private cars on motorways may, in due course, be subject to some form of automatic control, and travel along signal conductors embedded in the road or along its side (Commucar) is described. A brief mention is given of other less likely transport systems, such as travel in an evacuated tube beneath or above the ground. A comprehensive bibliography is included.
The Zoom solution: Promoting effective cross-ideological communication online

The rise of ideological polarization in the U.S. over the past few decades has come with an increase in hostility on both sides of the political aisle. Although communication and compromise are hallmarks of a functioning society, research has shown that people overestimate the negative affect they will experience when viewing oppositional media, and it is likely that negative forecasts lead many to avoid cross-ideological communication (CIC) altogether. Additionally, a growing ideological geographic divide and online extremism fueled by social media audiences make engaging in CIC more difficult than ever. Here, we demonstrate that online video-chat platforms (i.e., Zoom) can be used to promote effective CIC among ideologically polarized individuals, as well as to better study CIC in a controlled setting. Participants (n = 122) had a face-to-face CIC over Zoom, either privately or publicly with a silent ingroup audience present. Participant forecasts about the interaction were largely inaccurate, with the actual conversation experience found to be more positive than anticipated. Additionally, the presence of an ingroup audience was associated with increased conflict. In both conditions, participants showed preliminary signs of attitude moderation, felt more favorable toward the outgroup, and felt more informed about the issue after the CIC. These results suggest that face-to-face CIC’s are generally positive and beneficial for polarized individuals, and that greater effects may be achieved through private conversations, as opposed to more public social media-like interactions. Future researchers studying ideological conflict may find success using similar Zoom paradigms to bring together ideologically diverse individuals in controlled lab settings.
Physical modeling of overtopping erosion and breach formation of cohesive embankments

The formation process and timing of a dam embankment breach caused by flood overtopping can dramatically impact the rate at which water is released from a reservoir and directly impacts the hazard to life and property downstream of a breached dam. Therefore, dam embankment erosion processes and the rate of breaching from overtopping events are important to both engineers and planners alike, who must predict impacts on local communities and surrounding areas affected by flooding. There is a distinct difference between the erosion processes of non-cohesive and cohesive embankments during overtopping. The USDA-ARS has conducted seven large-scale overtopping failure tests on cohesive embankments ranging in height from 1.5 to 2.3 m. The purpose of this study is to: (1) establish a better understanding of the erosion process of overtopped cohesive embankments, and (2) provide detailed data for future numerical model development, validation, calibration, and testing. Three soils were tested, two non-plastic SM silty sand materials and a CL lean clay. A four-stage breach erosion process was observed for cohesive embankments. The primary erosion processes observed and reported in this article for cohesive embankments during stages 2 and 3 were headcut migration and erosion widening. The rate of these two processes was observed to vary by several orders of magnitude and was observed to be strongly dependent on the soil material properties.
Planning and Peacebuilding in Post-War Mozambique: From Narratives to Practices of Development

Reform of state institutions and procedures is a central element in post-war reconstruction. This article examines the reform of local planning practice in Mozambique in the immediate post-war period. The new planning approach – encompassing formulation of district plans and community projects – gave little attention to peace and conflict dynamics. As a consequence, planning initiatives became objects of struggles at material, political and symbolic/narrative levels, distorting the reforms. Resulting planning practices were products of compromise rather than fundamental inputs towards stabilisation and peace.
Single-Phase Crossflow Mixing in a Vertical Tube Bundle Geometry: An Experimental Study

The vertical rod/tube bundle geometry has a wide variety of industrial applications. Typical examples are the core of light water nuclear reactors (LWR) and vertical tube steam generators. In the core of a LWR, primarily coolant flows upward but their also exist a flow in lateral direction, called crossflow, in the gaps in between the sub-channels. The radial transport of scalars and vapors (i.e., crossflow mixing) due to crossflow has an important bearing on the assessment of the probable fuel rods damage. Motivated by this safety aspect of a LWR, the aim of the present study is to enhance the current understanding of crossflow mixing in a vertical tube and to develop a mixing model. An experimental study, supported by a few numerical simulations, was performed to identify different fluid flow patterns in a vertical tube bundle/similar geometry and the contribution of these patterns towards the lateral inter channel transport of a passive scalar. The experiments were performed in water at isothermal, single-phase flow and ambient operating conditions for Reynolds numbers ranging from approximately 900 to 22,000. The experimental results show the existence of counter rotating coherent vortices adjacent to the channel-gap interface for all flow regimes, i.e., laminar, transitional and turbulent flows. These coherent vortices are identified as a major contributor towards the crossflow. Experiments on the radial mixing of a passive scalar induced by crossflow show that the coherent structures impart a significant contribution towards crossflow mixing for all Reynolds numbers. Based on the experimental results a continuous stirred tank (CST) based crossflow mixing model has been proposed for the full range of channel Reynolds numbers. The model predictions are found to be within a band of ±20% of the experimental values for the full range of channel Reynolds numbers.
Compatibility of Gold Deposits for Connector Contacts

A forty way, two part, printed circuit board connector has been the test vehicle for the evaluation of wear of a number of gold deposits in similar and dissimilar combinations. The proprietary electrolytes, from four suppliers, consisted of four acid cyanide types (cobalt or nickel hardened) two noncyanide (sulphite) and two neutral cyanide organically hardened golds. Assessment of wear was made by scanning electron microscope examination of wear tracks and by changes in contact resistance when the connectors were subsequently exposed to a corrosive environment. The acid Cyanide deposits exhibited least wear, the sulphite types wore excessively by cold pressure welding to produce platelets of debris, and the neutral cyanide golds were of mixed extent of wear. A hypothesis involving a polymer lubrication mechanism is proposed to explain the Iow wear of the acid golds. Scanning electron micrographs support this pro- posal.
A Study of Students Online Reading Habits and Preferences

This study is an attempt to determine the undergraduate students online reading habits. It also intends to find out their most dominant preferences on online reading. It employed a descriptive statistic technique. The instrument used is a set of questionnaires. The result revealed that a large number of the students preferred to read online compared to reading with printed books or material. Even though the result showed that the students preferred the online reading, it is still poor for their habit in reading. The majority of the students mostly read to gain knowledge for general information. It is concluded that, the teachers must provide material for their students to read online. As a recommendation, teachers should also design their online teaching material which is interesting and comprehensive so that the students may understand it easily.
A descriptive analysis of three-generation households and mothers' employment in Japan, 2002–2019

PurposeThis article aims to explore how Japanese women with younger children changed their commitment to the labour market between 2000 and 2019 by comparing mothers in three-generation and nuclear family households.Design/methodology/approachJapan currently has the highest ageing rate in the world at nearly 30%. Since the 1990s, employment flexibilization and women's labour market participation have proceeded in parallel, and the conservative family values of the patriarchy and gender division of labour that have provided intergenerational aid for care within households have been shrinking, by conducting a descriptive analysis of the Labour Force Survey (LFS). FindingsThis study identified that a conspicuous increase in part-time employment among mothers in both household types and a decrease by half in the working mother's population in three-generation households. These results suggest that the function of inter-generational assistance by multi-generation cohabitation, which was once thought to be effective in helping working mothers with younger children, is declining.Originality/valueA study examining the transformation of mothers' employment behaviour differences between three-generation households and nuclear family households is rare. This paper makes a new contribution to the research regarding the grandparents' caregiving, household types and mothers' employment.
CATEGORISING CBR SERVICE DELIVERY: THE ROI-ET CLASSIFICATION

This paper presents a descriptive classification framework developed in a training workshop conducted with a community based rehabilitation (CBR) service, in Roi-Et (Northeast Thailand) in June 2002. The "Roi-Et Classification" is based on an adaptation of Bronfenbrenner's Social Ecology model, combined with other frameworks. It seeks to depict for CBR workers and others, the spectrum of strategies that together can comprise CBR practice. It is intended that the Classification and identified strategies will assist in generating discussion about what aspects of CBR intervention should be emphasised within a particular community or service at a particular time. The Roi-Et Classification describes fifteen different elements of CBR service delivery, across two axes or dimensions. One axis identifies four ways in which CBR services are made available (direct provision, assisting, participating and advocating). The other axis identifies five levels of focus of CBR service delivery (individuals, families, communities, formal structures and societal attitudes/beliefs). The Roi-Et Classification is presented in an easy-to-understand, diagrammatic form. While it is anticipated that the Classification will continue to evolve over time, it is hoped that initially, it may contribute to discussion on what comprises (or might comprise) CBR practice, and may also inform CBR conceptualisation, training and evaluation.
Is there a Trade-Off between Financial Rewards and Other Job Benefits? Different Career Pathways for two Groups of Management Students.

The unemployment rate in Norway is low. More than 30 per cent work in the public sector and there is a shortage of labour, especially in the health and education sectors. This article seeks to find out more about why some choose to study within health and education and pursue a career there while others put finances or business education as their priority. Which factors influence this choice? Students’ responses to questionnaires reveal that there are some significant differences. The results indicate a trade-off between high salaries and other job benefits. Compared to business and economics students, financial rewards count for less for those selecting public sector work. They accept lower wages in compensation for job security and personal contentment. Other factors that have implications for educational choices are personal characteristics (Big Five) and interests. Furthermore, there is a substantial gap between females selecting business and financial education and females who prefer a personal-oriented job in the public sector. The methods used in this paper are comparison of means (t-test) and standard linear regression.
Development and Delivery of an Integrated Project-Based Jobsite Management Undergraduate Course

At universities offering professional degrees, such as construction management, some programs are moving towards and exploring alternative delivery methods for achieving the curriculum's goals and objectives. This article describes an integrated and project-based learning Jobsite Construction Management course being taught at a major university. A course overview describing the various delivery methods used (such as lectures, reading assignments, supplemental materials, guest lecturers, lab assignments, technology, and jobsite visits) is presented. The benefits of vertical and horizontal course integration in a project-based learning environment are emphasized and more fully explained. A class survey was conducted over two quarters to assess the student's perspective on various aspects of the course, in particular the delivery methods used to relate course material. The student survey responses are evaluated and discussed individually. Results suggest that an integrated curriculum set in a project-based learning environment utilizing various delivery methods can produce positive results from a student's perspective.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for NextG Radio Access Network Slicing With Spectrum Coexistence

Reinforcement learning (RL) is applied for dynamic admission control and resource allocation in NextG radio access network slicing. When sharing the spectrum with an incumbent user (that dynamically occupies frequency-time blocks), communication and computational resources are allocated to slicing requests, each with priority (weight), throughput, latency, and computational requirements. RL maximizes the total weight of granted requests over time beyond myopic, greedy, random, and first come, first served solutions. As the state-action space grows, Deep Q-network effectively admits requests and allocates resources as a low-complexity solution that is robust to sensing errors in detecting the incumbent user activity.
ESTIMATING URBAN LOADS OF NITROGEN TO GROUNDWATER

Urban areas can impose significant loads of nitrogen, as ammonium or nitrate, onto the underlying groundwater. There are many sources of nitrogen pollution, including diffuse sources (parks and gardens), intense point sources (industrial chemical spills), and multi‐point sources (leaking sewers). Data on the loadings associated with the various sources are scarce, although an estimate of the overall load is available for Nottingham. For other cities, a total load could be estimated by factoring the Nottingham result, or by considering each component of the load separately. Both approaches are described, and the integrated method is recommended for its simplicity.
I. The Bakerian Lecture. Experiments and calculations relative to physical optics

Experimental demonstration of the general law of the interference of light. In making some experiments on the fringes of colours accompanying shadows, I have found so simple and so demonstrative a proof of the general law of the interference of two portions of light, which I have already endeavoured to establish, that I think it right to lay before the Royal Society, a short statement of the facts which appear to me so decisive.
A survey of knowledge and practices in generic prescribing among doctors in Kurunegala district, Sri Lanka

Generic prescribing is promoted by most governments and insurers as a measure of reducing health care cost. Doctors are key player’s health care provision and powerful deciders in drug market. The practice of doctors in prescribing is critical in determining both clinical and economic efficiency and effectiveness of a health system. The study aimed to assess the doctors’ knowledge and practices in generic prescribing. The study was questionnaire based and conducted in Kurunegala district in Sri Lanka with the participation of government doctors. It was revealed that most doctors were engaged in generic prescribing and they had a satisfactory knowledge regarding the concept. Practice of generic prescribing among doctors was not significantly associated with their work experience, gender, engagement in private practice or post graduate qualifications. It was depicted that the promotional visits by representatives of pharmaceutical companies mainly focused at doctors who did part time private practice. Yet it was claimed that most doctors did not consider brand name when purchasing drugs for their practices.
Induction motor asymmetrical faults detection using advanced signal processing techniques

Preventive maintenance of electric drive systems with induction motors involves monitoring of their operation for detection of abnormal electrical and mechanical conditions that indicate, or may lead to, a failure of the system. Intensive research effort has been for sometime focused on the motor current signature analysis. This technique utilizes the results of spectral analysis of the stator current. Reliable interpretation of the spectra is difficult, since distortions of the current waveform caused by the abnormalities in the drive system are usually minute. In the present investigation, the frequency signature of some asymmetrical motor faults are well identified using the fast Fourier transform (FFT), leading to a better interpretation of the motor current spectra. Laboratory experiments indicate that the motor current signature FFT-based analysis, with the proposed approach, is still a reliable tool for induction motor asymmetrical faults detection.
Insights into Holocene relative sea‐level changes in the southern North Sea using an improved microfauna‐based transfer function

In light of global warming and rising relative sea level (RSL), detailed reconstructions of RSL histories and their controlling processes are essential in order to manage coastal‐protection challenges. This study contributes to unravelling Holocene RSL change on the East Frisian North Sea coast in high resolution and with a new approach for the German Bight. For the first time, a transfer function (vertical error: 29.7 cm ≙ ~11% of the mean tidal range) for RSL change based on a combined training set of benthic foraminifers and ostracods from the back‐barrier tidal basin of Spiekeroog is applied to the Holocene record of the back‐barrier tidal basin of Norderney. The resulting RSL curve for the Norderney tidal basin is corrected for decompaction and shows a deceleration in RSL rise between 6000 and 5000 cal bp. The smallest possible error envelope (~1 m) results from the good suitability of salt‐marsh layers between 5000 and 4000 cal bp. The RSL curve provides an approach towards the closure of the common data gap of peat‐based curves for the southern North Sea related to a lack of basal peats in the youngest age range, and verifies regional differences in glacial isostatic adjustment.
Compensate for the coupled radiation patterns of compact transmitting antenna arrays

An effective method is suggested to compensate for the mutual coupling in the coupled array patterns of compact antenna arrays. By using the mutual impedances of the antenna elements, the authors showed that it is possible to design compensation networks that can remove the distortion on array patterns due to the mutual coupling effect. The compensated array patterns enable us to predict the radiation characteristics of compact antenna arrays using the principle of pattern multiplication based on their ideal and isolated element patterns. Equations for the construction of such compensation networks are obtained and the realisation method is discussed. With these compensation networks, further conventional port-decoupling and matching circuits can be designed and connected to their inputs to achieve maximum power transfer from the source to the antenna array. Numerical examples on dipole and monopole arrays demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the method.
Ground motions during the 1994 Northridge earthquake

The seismological background of the Northridge earthquake on a blind thrust fault is presented. The extensive data base of recorded ground motion provided the opportunity to review the effectiveness of some widely used attenuation relations for peak horizontal acceleration and pseudo-spectral velocity. Large pulses of velocity and displacement were noted in some records and the potential implications of these for tall buildings are noted. Some major damage centres coincided with alluvial basins. Generation of surface waves within the basins during the main shock contributed to increased amplification and duration. Surface waves were detected at the site of the collapse of the I-10 interchange and in the damaged area of Sherman Oaks using aftershock data. Cedar Hill seismographic station in Tarzana recorded the highest accelerations of the earthquake, much higher than motions at nearby stations. These are currently attributed to topographic effects of the hill on which the station is located. Aftershock da.