Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A web-based tool for analysing normative documents in english

Our goal is to use formal methods to analyse normative documents written in English, such as privacy policies and regulations. This requires the combination of a number of different elements, including information extraction from natural language, formal languages for model representation, and an interface for property specification and verification. A number of components for performing these tasks have separately been developed: a natural language extraction tool, a suitable formalism for representing such documents, an interface for building models in this formalism, and methods for answering queries asked of a given model. In this work, each of these concerns is brought together in a web-based tool, providing a single interface for analysing normative texts in English. Through the use of a running example, we describe each component and demonstrate the workflow established by our tool.
Diminished growth of atrioventricular cushion tissue in stage 24 retinoic acid‐treated chicken embryos

Stage 34 chicken hearts have shown a spectrum of looping disturbances, changed hemodynamics, and changed growth of both right ventricular myocardium and atrioventricular cushion tissue after retinoic acid treatment. To obtain more information about the onset of the malformations we studied stage 24, the stage between the previously studied stage 34 and the moment of treatment. Sixteen stage 24 chicken embryos were examined after treatment with 1 μg all‐trans retinoic acid at stage 15 and compared with 6 sham operated embryos. Morphological examination was supported by graphic reconstructions. Absolute volumes of atrial, atrioventricular, and ventricular myocardia were measured by a point counting method. The absolute volumes of the endocardial cushions were measured as well. Fifteen (15/16) retinoic acid‐treated hearts did not show marked malformations as far as could be detected with our current macroscopic and microscopic techniques. One (1/16) retinoic acid‐treated heart showed an abnormal tubular C‐shape with a less bended inner curvature and with an abnormal horizontally oriented atrioventricular canal. The dorsal cushion tissue of this atrioventricular canal was discontinuous with the dorsal mesocardium and covered the malpositioned myocardial border between the atrium and the atrioventricular canal. The volume measurements did show a difference between retinoic acid treatment and sham operations. The retinoic acid‐treated hearts showed a significant volume decrease of the atrioventricular cushions. No significant differences were found in the volumes of the ventricular myocardium compared to the sham operated embryos. We hypothesize that, between stages 15 and 24, retinoic acid directly affects the myocardial wall and the cushion tissue formation. In the present material this has resulted in decreased atrioventricular cushion growth, in changed hemodynamics, and in a severe looping disturbance of one embryo. We further hypothesize that, between stages 24 and 34, the malformations with minor looping disturbances will become apparent. Thus, development beyond stage 24 would result in the spectrum of looping disturbances as has been found at stage 34. These latter morphological malformations would lead to increasing hemodynamic changes, resulting in changes in growth as a secondary effect. Dev. Dyn. 1998;213:50–58. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
International Journal of Video& Image Processing and Netwo Rk Security Low Cost Telesonography Model for Ddh Exam

 Abstract— Telemedicine holds important place and has wider use in health care practice and improvement of health organization, above all providing the opportunity for standard and innovative procedures to combine. Tremendous increase in Internet bandwidth enabled a true revolution in image transmission and enabled easy remote viewing of the static images. However, transmission of real time video streams such as in ultrasound has been underreported. Here, we tested feasibility of the low-cost teleultrasound system for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) screening and diagnostic values of the transmitted images and video data in real time. S ending of data was accomplished with a software package specifically designed for teleultrasound transmission through limited Internet bandwidth. Using Remote Ultrasound (RU) software in conjunction with a hardware setup and low bandwidth Internet link, we performed sonographic DDH screening exams in real time. In addition to continuous monitoring of the exam via video stream, RU enables remotely controlled recording and selection of still images on a sending and a receiving computer. Qualitative analysis of 50 transmitted ultrasound images and all video streaming during each exam, were performed. Teleultrasound screening through the Internet connection of low transmission power with the software application, provides ultrasound image and video stream, which is the base for further clinical investigation and clinical application of this model. INTRODUCTION Rapid growth and development of information systems and communications that fueled development of telemedicine enabled a constant increase in quality of telemedical service, primarily exemplified in improved telemedicine interfaces and increased speed of transmissions. Worldwide availability of Internet infrastructure has opened door for exchange of medical information on a global level [1] [2]. Transmission of still images and cross-sectional data has been widely used in both developed and developing world [3]. However, we focused on utilization of ultrasound and transmission of ultrasound image and video data. Reasons for
On the Metric Dimension of Cartesian Products of Graphs

A set of vertices $S$ resolves a graph $G$ if every vertex is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices in $S$. The metric dimension of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set of $G$. This paper studies the metric dimension of cartesian products $G\,\square\,H$. We prove that the metric dimension of $G\,\square\,G$ is tied in a strong sense to the minimum order of a so-called doubly resolving set in $G$. Using bounds on the order of doubly resolving sets, we establish bounds on $G\,\square\,H$ for many examples of $G$ and $H$. One of our main results is a family of graphs $G$ with bounded metric dimension for which the metric dimension of $G\,\square\,G$ is unbounded.
A 15-bit 140-$\mu$ W Scalable-Bandwidth Inverter-Based  $\Delta \Sigma $ Modulator for a MEMS Microphone With Digital Output

A discrete-time audio ΔΣ modulator for a MEMS microphone with digital output is presented that features a scalable signal bandwidth to also support ultrasonic frequencies for proximity sensing applications such as gesture recognition. The modulator achieves low power consumption and a small die area by using simple digital inverter instead of OTAs. To increase the robustness of the inverter approach, an LDO is used to provide an internally generated supply which regulates the inverter bias point. The LDO also improves the power supply rejection of the pseudo-differential architecture to above 78 dB. The presented ΔΣ modulator supports a scalable signal bandwidth up to 100 kHz, by dynamically adjusting the internal supply voltage depending on the sampling frequency. In the nominal 20-kHz audio band, it dissipates 140 μW from a minimum 1.5-V supply and achieves a DR of 92.6 dB , a SNDR of 87.9 dB, and a THD of -102.7 dB, respectively.
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis as separation technique to support metabolism studies by means of electrochemistry and mass spectrometry

The first combination of electrochemistry (EC), NACE, and ESI‐MS to mimic the metabolic fate of drugs is described. While the combination of EC, HPLC, and ESI‐MS has been used for this purpose before, NACE is able to deliver valuable additional information about possible metabolites of harmane when compared to HPLC. In this paper, NACE is used as a comprehensive separation technique in metabolism studies of harmane, a naturally occurring monoaminooxidase inhibitor, since it exhibits beneficial properties for the separation of polar compounds. Harmane is known to be metabolized via the oxidative metabolism catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are the most important metabolizing superfamily of enzymes in the human liver. The application of HPLC and NACE enabled the detection of 37 products in total, with 14 different mass‐to‐charge ratios. A total of 31 products could be detected in HPLC‐MS and 26 in NACE‐MS analysis. The combination of both NACE and RP‐HPLC allows the identification of significantly more potential metabolites than any of the separation techniques alone.
Oropharyngeal aspiration and silent aspiration in children.

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the nature of and factors associated with oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) and silent aspiration (SA) in children. A prospective study was undertaken to determine the factors associated with fluoroscopically identified OPA and SA. METHODS Three hundred children presenting with feeding difficulties underwent a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) for evaluation of swallowing. Swallowing performance on each food and fluid consistency was rated using the penetration-aspiration scale, and children were classified into the following groups: OPA, SA, overt aspiration (OA), and no aspiration (NA). RESULTS OPA occurred in 34% of children; of these, 81% had SA. SA was significantly associated with neurologic impairment (OR, 4.65; 95% CI, 2.26-9.54), developmental delay (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 2.28-9.35), aspiration lung disease (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.29-8.05), and enteral feeding (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.04-3.62). Similar results were found for OPA. Children with SA were more likely to have neurologic disease (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1-15.8) than those with OA. Age or gender differences, gastroesophageal reflux disease, recurrent respiratory tract infections, and asthma were no more likely to occur in children with OPA, SA, or OA. CONCLUSIONS SA is very common in children with feeding difficulties and is most likely to occur in children with a neurologic problem. Limited medical diagnoses distinguished between aspirators (OPA, SA) and those with NA. VFSS should be performed in children with feeding difficulties and diagnoses of neurologic impairment, cerebral palsy, aspiration lung disease, and/or enteral feeding because of the increased likelihood of SA.
The impact of population growth on adult literacy programme in Zambia.

This paper examines the state of adult illiteracy in Zambia on the basis of the 1980 census of population data. Section 1 looks at the nature of literacy and illiteracy. The definition of literacy for the Zambian situation is the 1st-time attainment of a 3rd grade education. Illiteracy dropped from 32.4% of the world population in 1970 to 28.9% in 1980 but the actual number of illiterates has increased and 60% of them are female. Rates are projected from 1970-2000 for developed and developing countries Africa Latin America the Arab states and the world. 1970 levels of literacy are given for several Sub-Saharan African countries. The history and dimensions of Zambian illiteracy are discussed next. At the time of political independence 67% of the adult population 21+ years old was illiterate. UNESCO instituted a basic literacy program which was continued by urban district councils which enrolled a total of 104026 students (the majority female) from 1966 to 1984. Now 41.2% of the population from 15 to 45+ years of age is illiterate; specifically 48.5% of the female and 29.5% of the male populations. Rates are highest in rural isolated areas. Some interventions suggested include expansion of primary education for eradication of illiteracy among the 10-14 year age group (where it is quite high) legislating compulsory literacy training for employees by employers and the campaign approach used in Cuba and Nicaragua where political power was thrown behind an effort to make sizable factions of the population literate in a short time. Educational materials must be made more relevant to daily life and activities. An appendix tabulates total and male and female adult illiteracy by area. Total illiteracy varies from 26.6% in Lusaka to 60.4% in the Eastern Region.
CUHK Experiments with ImageCLEF 2005

This paper describes the empirical studies of cross-language and cross-media retrieval for the ImageCLEF competition in 2005. It reports the empirical summary of the work of CUHK (The Chinese University of Hong Kong) at ImageCLEF 2005. This is the flrst participation of our group at ImageCLEF. The task we participated this year is the \Bilingual ad hoc retrieval" task. There are three major focuses and contributions in our participation. The flrst is the empirical evaluations of language models and the smoothing strategies for cross-language image retrieval. The second is the evaluations of cross-media image retrieval, i.e., combining text and visual content for image retrieval. The last one is the evaluation of the bilingual image retrieval between English and Chinese. We provide empirical analysis on the experimental results. From the o‐cial testing results of the Bilingual ad hoc retrieval task, we achieve the highest MAP result (0.4135) in the monolingual query among all organizations.
Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy: Incomplete Suppression of a Retrotransposed Gene

Each unit of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat contains a retrotransposed gene encoding the DUX4 double-homeobox transcription factor. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by deletion of a subset of the D4Z4 units in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4. Although it has been reported that the deletion of D4Z4 units induces the pathological expression of DUX4 mRNA, the association of DUX4 mRNA expression with FSHD has not been rigorously investigated, nor has any human tissue been identified that normally expresses DUX4 mRNA or protein. We show that FSHD muscle expresses a different splice form of DUX4 mRNA compared to control muscle. Control muscle produces low amounts of a splice form of DUX4 encoding only the amino-terminal portion of DUX4. FSHD muscle produces low amounts of a DUX4 mRNA that encodes the full-length DUX4 protein. The low abundance of full-length DUX4 mRNA in FSHD muscle cells represents a small subset of nuclei producing a relatively high abundance of DUX4 mRNA and protein. In contrast to control skeletal muscle and most other somatic tissues, full-length DUX4 transcript and protein is expressed at relatively abundant levels in human testis, most likely in the germ-line cells. Induced pluripotent (iPS) cells also express full-length DUX4 and differentiation of control iPS cells to embryoid bodies suppresses expression of full-length DUX4, whereas expression of full-length DUX4 persists in differentiated FSHD iPS cells. Together, these findings indicate that full-length DUX4 is normally expressed at specific developmental stages and is suppressed in most somatic tissues. The contraction of the D4Z4 repeat in FSHD results in a less efficient suppression of the full-length DUX4 mRNA in skeletal muscle cells. Therefore, FSHD represents the first human disease to be associated with the incomplete developmental silencing of a retrogene array normally expressed early in development.
Helix‐bundle membrane protein fold templates

In the fold recognition approach to structure prediction, a sequence is tested for compatibility with an already known fold. For membrane proteins, however, few folds have been determined experimentally. Here the feasibility of computing the vast majority of likely membrane protein folds is tested. The results indicate that conformation space can be effectively sampled for small numbers of helices. The vast majority of potential monomeric membrane protein structures can be represented by about 30‐folds for three helices, but increases exponentially to about 1, 500, 000 folds for seven helices. The generated folds could serve as templates for fold recognition or as starting points for conformational searches that are well distributed throughout conformation space.
The Adms Project: Views \ R " Us

The goal of the ADMS project is to create a framework for caching materialized views, access paths, and experience obtained during query execution. The rationale behind this project is to amortize database access cost over an extended time period and adapt execution strategies based on experience. ADMS demonstrates the versatility of the views and their role in performance, data warehousing, management and control of data distribution and replication.
Social structure and facultative mating systems of hoary marmots (Marmota caligata)

Mate‐choice theory predicts different optimal mating systems depending on resource availability and habitat stability. Regions with limited resources are thought to promote monogamy. We tested predictions of monogamy in a social rodent, the hoary marmot (Marmota caligata), at the northern climatic extreme of its distribution. Mating systems, social structure and genetic relationships were investigated within and among neighbouring colonies of marmots within a 4 km2 valley near Kluane National Park, Yukon, Canada, using 21 microsatellite loci. While both monogamous and polygynous populations of hoary marmots have been observed in the southern reaches of this species’ range; northern populations of this species are thought to be predominantly monogamous. Contrary to previous studies, we did not find northern hoary marmot social groups to be predominantly monogamous; rather, the mating system seemed to be facultative, varying between monogamy and polygyny within, as well as among, social groups. These findings reveal that the mating systems within colonies of this species are more flexible than previously thought, potentially reflecting local variation in resource availability.
The interaction of seasonal forcing and immunity and the resonance dynamics of malaria

Theory has emphasized the importance of both intrinsic factors such as host immunity and extrinsic drivers such as climate in determining disease dynamics. In particular, seasonality may lead to multi-annual cycles in prevalence, but the likelihood of this depends on the role of acquired immunity. Some diseases including malaria have immunity that falls between the classic susceptible–infectious–removed and susceptible–infectious–susceptible models. Here, we investigate the general conditions promoting the subharmonic resonance behaviour that may lead to multi-annual cycles in a general malaria dynamical model. Utilizing two complementary approaches to bifurcation analyses, we show that resonance is promoted by processes shortening the length of the infectious period and that subharmonic cycles are favoured in situations with strong seasonality in transmission but at intermediate levels of endemicity. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding prevalence patterns in long-term malaria datasets from Kenya that show multi-annual cycles and one from Thailand that does not and discuss the possible implications of treatment.
Good features to track

No feature-based vision system can work unless good features can be identified and tracked from frame to frame. Although tracking itself is by and large a solved problem, selecting features that can be tracked well and correspond to physical points in the world is still hard. We propose a feature selection criterion that is optimal by construction because it is based on how the tracker works, and a feature monitoring method that can detect occlusions, disocclusions, and features that do not correspond to points in the world. These methods are based on a new tracking algorithm that extends previous Newton-Raphson style search methods to work under affine image transformations. We test performance with several simulations and experiments. <<ETX>>
Cosmological Time in Quantum Supergravity Robert Graham

The version of supergravity formulated by Ogievetsky and Sokatchev is almost identical to the conventional N = 1 theory, except that the cosmological constant Λ appears as a dynamical variable which is constant only by virtue of the field equations. We consider the canonical quantisation of this theory, and show that the wave function evolves with respect to a dynamical variable which can be interpreted as a cosmological time parameter. The square of the modulus of the wave function obeys a set of simple conservation equations and can be interpreted as a probability density functional. The usual problems associated with time in quantum gravity are avoided. PACS numbers: 98.80. Hw, 04.65. +e e-mail address: graham@uni-essen.de e-mail address: luckock h@maths.su. oz.au
User profiling for Web page filtering

To help address pressing problems with information overload, researchers have developed personal agents to provide assistance to users in navigating the Web. To provide suggestions, such agents rely on user profiles representing interests and preferences, which makes acquiring and modeling interest categories a critical component in their design. Existing profiling approaches have only partially tackled the characteristics that distinguish user profiling from related tasks. The authors' technique generates readable user profiles that accurately capture interests, starting from observations of user behavior on the Web.
Fingerprint liveness detection by local phase quantization

Fingerprint liveness detection consists in verifying if an input fingerprint image, acquired by a fingerprint verification system, belongs to a genuine user or is an artificial replica. Although several hardware- and software-based approaches have been proposed so far, this issue still remains unsolved due to the very high difficulty in finding effective features for detecting the fingerprint liveness. In this paper, we present a novel features set, based on the local phase quantization (LPQ) of fingerprint images. LPQ method is well-known for being insensitive to blurring effects, thus we believe it could be useful for detecting the differences between an alive and a fake fingerprint, due to the loss of information which may occur during the replica fabrication process. The method is tested on the four data sets of the Second International Fingerprint Liveness Detection Competition, and shows promising and competitive results with other state-of-the-art features sets.
Evaluating a framework for visualizing system of systems engineering research coverage

This paper presents a framework for visualizing the research coverage of system of systems engineering (SOSE). The framework is based on prior similar work providing a framework for systems engineering research (SE) coverage. The framework presented for SOSE is sufficiently broad and developed to enable meaningful classification of SOSE research contributions. This paper compares the coverage of SOSE and SE in relevant bodies of research. The comparison reveals both different emphases in the two fields and different stages of maturity of the fields.
Handling Named Entities and Compound Verbs in Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation

Data preprocessing plays a crucial role in phrase-based statistical machine translation (PB-SMT). In this paper, we show how single-tokenization of two types of multi-word expressions (MWE), namely named entities (NE) and compound verbs, as well as their prior alignment can boost the performance of PB-SMT. Single-tokenization of compound verbs and named entities (NE) provides significant gains over the baseline PB-SMT system. Automatic alignment of NEs substantially improves the overall MT performance, and thereby the word alignment quality indirectly. For establishing NE alignments, we transliterate source NEs into the target language and then compare them with the target NEs. Target language NEs are first converted into a canonical form before the comparison takes place. Our best system achieves statistically significant improvements (4.59 BLEU points absolute, 52.5% relative improvement) on an English—Bangla translation task.