Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heteroptera of Economic Importance

INTRODUCTION Economic Importance of Heteroptera: A General View, Carl W. Schaefer and Antonio R. Panizzi HARMFUL BUGS Possible Causes of Disease Symptoms Resulting from the Feeding of Phytophagous Heteroptera, Koji Hori Plant Bugs (Miridae) as Plant Pests, A. G. Wheeler, Jr. Lace Bugs (Tingidae), John W. Neal, Jr., and Carl W. Schaefer Palm Bugs (Thaumastocoroidae), Lionel Hill and Carl W. Schaefer Seed and Chinch Bugs (Lygaeoidea), Merrill H. Sweet, II Ash-Gray Leaf Bugs (Piesmatoidae), Narisu Cotton Stainers and Their Relatives (Pyrrhocoroidae: Pyrrhocoridae and Largidae), Carl W. Schaefer and Imtiaz Ahmad Scentless Plant Bugs (Rhopalidae), Carl W. Schaefer and Jill Kotulski Broad-Headed Bugs (Alydidae), Antonio R. Panizzi, Carl W. Schaefer, and Yoshiro Natuhara Leaf-Footed Bugs (Coreoidae), Paula Levin Mitchell Burrower Bugs (Cydnidae), Jerzy A. Lis, Miriam Becker, and Carl W. Schaefer Stink Bugs (Antonio R. Panizzi, J. E. McPherson, David G. James, M. Javahery, and Robert M. McPherson Shield Bugs (Scutellcridae), M. Javahery, Carl W. Schaefer, and John D. Lattin Several Small Pentatomoid Families (Cyrtocoridae, Dinidoridae, Eurostylidae, Plataspidae, and Tessaratomidae), Carl W. Schaefer, Antonio R. Panizzi, and David D. James Flat Bugs (Aradidae), Kari Heliovaara Bed Bugs (Cimicidae), Carl W. Schaefer Triatominae (Reduviidae), Eloi S. Garcia, Patricia de Azambuja, and Joao C. P. Diaz Adventitious Biters - "Nuisance" Bugs, Carl W. Schaefer USEFUL BUGS How Carnivorous Bugs Feed (Allen Carson Cohen Creeping Water Bugs (Naucoridae), Robert W. Sites Giant Water Bugs (Belostomatidae), P. Venkatesan Water Scorpions (Nepidae), Steven L. Keffer Small Aquatic Bugs (Nepomorpha) with Slight or Underestimated Economic Importance, Miroslave Papacek Semiaquatic Bugs (Gerromorpha), John R. Spence and Nils Moller Andersen Minute Pirate Bugs (Anthocoridae), John D. Lattin Damsel Bugs (Nabidae) S. Kristine Braman Predaceous Plant Bugs (Miridae), A. G. Wheeler Assassin Bugs (Reduviidae exluding Triatominae), Dunston P. Ambrose Economic Importance of Predation by Big-Eyed Bugs (Geocoridae), Merrill H. Sweet, II Stilt Bugs (Berytidae), Thomas J, Henry Predaceous Stinkbugs (Pentatomide: Asopinae), Patrick DeClercq
Histomorphological Study on the Sweat Glands in Bakerwali Goats

Skin samples from eighteen apparently healthy Bakerwali goats of three different age groups irrespective of the sex were collected for histomorphological studies. Sweat glands were found in clusters. Two types of sweat glands lined by cuboidal epithelium were merocrine and apocrine in nature. The number of sweat glands was found to be more in neonatal age group as compared to young and adults. These glands were found to be maximum at dorsal region of thorax in neonates whereas, at dorsal region of loin in young and adults. The depth of sweat glands increased with advancement of the age. The sweat glands were surrounded by fine reticular fibres. The epithelium of the sweat glands showed positive reaction for PAS and bound lipids.
Heterosis Studies in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

Ten parental lines and 45 F1 hybrids of muskmelon obtained from half dialleles were studied to investigate the extent of heterosis in muskmelon. Heterotic effects over the better parent were observed to be higher for number of the node on which first female flower appeared, fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, moisture content and total soluble sugars in E2 than in E1. The hybrids AMM-01-18 x AMM-02-26, Hara Madhu x RM- 50, AMM-00-25 x AMM-00-11 and AMM-01-18 x DM-1 were found to be high-yielding and heterotic in both the seasons studied and even when averaged over the two environments, with other yield attributes and quality traits. Hence, after sufficient evaluation, these hybrids were identified as potential hybrids for widespread cultivation and commercial exploitation.
Sentinel-1 backscatter sensitivity to vegetation dynamics at the field scale.

Vegetation monitoring is pivotal to improve our understanding of the role vegetation dynamics play in the global carbon-, energyand hydrological cycle. And with the increasing stress on food supply due to the growing world populating and changing climate, vegetation monitoring is of great importance in agricultural areas. By closely tracking crop conditions, droughts and subsequent crop losses could be mitigated. Sensors operating in the microwave domain are sensitive to several surface characteristics, including soil moisture and vegetation. Hence, spaceborne microwave remote sensing provides the means to monitor vegetation and soil conditions on different scales, ranging from field scale to global scale. However, it also presents a challenge since multiple combinations of soil and vegetation characteristics can lead to a similar measurement. Copernicus Sentinel-1 (S-1) is a series of two satellites, developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) , which carry C-band Synthetic Aperture Radars. The C-SAR sensors provide VV, HH, VH and HV backscatter at a 5 m by 20 m spatial resolution. The temporal revisit time of the two satellites is 3-6 days. With their unique capacity for temporally dense and spatially detailed data, the S-1 satellite series provides for the first time the chance to investigate vegetation dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolution.
Agroforesrry Systems 4: 33-37. © 1986 Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht. Printed in the Netherlands. C2 H2-reduction by Erythrina poeppigiana in a Costa Rican coffee plantation

Acetylene reduction activity by root nodules of the legume Erythrina poeppigiana, growing as shade tree in a Costa Rican coffee plantation, was estimated. The mean activity found was 15.7 nmole C~H 4 • mg (dry weight) -1 • h -1 . Root nodules collected at different distances from the Erythrina stem showed the same activity per dry weight unit. However, as the biomass of the nodules was highest near the stem, was the acetylene reduction activity (expressed per soil volume) maximal near the Erythrina stem and declined with distance.
The fauna associated with the bank-forming deepwater coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinaria) on the Faroe shelf

Abstract Twenty five blocks of Lophelia pertusa weighing a total of 18.5 kg were studied. Associated with this substrate were 4626 individuals belonging to 256 species. An additional 42 species were identified from loose coral rubble. Of the 298 species found, 97 are recorded for the first time from the area around the Faroes. Most individuals were found in dead coral blocks from the inner parts of the bank or colony, but a few species were found close to the terminal branches of live coral blocks. The associated fauna of this branching deep-water coral was as rich and diverse as that of hermatypic branching species of coral. Some physical features of the coral as a substrate were measured. Large blocks of live coral harbour a more diverse fauna than do smaller ones. In contrast, on dead coral blocks the number of species and individuals had no simple correlation to block size, indicating the importance of other factors such as random colonization and length of time the substrate has been inhabited. Of th.
Using probiotics to inhibit in vivo and in vitro growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Cronobacter sakazakii during fetal and neonatal infection

Cronobacter sakazakii and Listeria monocytogenes are two pathogens that are known to cause wide range of diseases in infants, elderly people and immune-compromised people. Some of the major infections that both these pathogens can cause include necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, meningitis, fever, headache and pneumonia. Both these pathogens are prevalent in infant food formulas, contaminated food items and surroundings. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG has become one of the widely used microorganisms, to treat infections caused by C. sakazakii and L. monocytogenes because of its probiotic uses. Thus, LGG was tested on reducing the pathogen effects of L. monocytogenes and C. sakazakii during fetal and neonatal development. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the ability LGG to reduce growth and invasion of two pathogenic bacteria, L. monocytogenes and C. sakazakii, in vivo and in vitro. To carry out this research study, CD-1 pups were examined by gavaging with both10 6 LGG or LGG soluble material on gestation days (gd) 1.5, 3.5 and 4.5 and administered by giving single oral dose of (10 8, 9 or 12) CFU C. sakazakii or vehicle reconstituted powdered infant formula (RPIF) at (gd) 2.5. This study revealed that the brain is the primary tissue, where higher percentage of C. sakazakii was isolated when compared to other tissues such as liver and spleen. To elucidate the mechanism of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) inhibition of L. monocytogenes and C. sakazakii, both in vivo and in vitro models were used. Importantly, stillbirths were reduced in guinea pigs receiving yogurt and L. monocytogenes as compared to L. monocytogenes alone (14% v. 75%). The data suggests under the conditions tested, LGG and LGG supernatant significantly reduce C. sakazakii growth and viability and the anti-microbial activity of LGG supernatant is due to (a) heat-stable, non-proteinaceous compound(s). Further, a dose dependent relationship was found with lactic acid treated LGG supernatant and reduced C. sakazakii growth. In conclusion, both an acidic pH environments and LGG supernatant treatments affected L. monocytogenes and C. sakazakii growth and viability in vitro thus, further studies will be needed to investigate the mechanisms involved. INDEX WORDS: supernatant, infant formula, LGG, in vitro USING PROBIOTICS TO INHIBIT IN VIVO AND IN VITRO GROWTH OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES AND CRONOBACTER SAKAZAKII DURING FETAL AND NEONATAL INFECTION by AUGUSTINE KWAKU AGYEKUM B.S. University of Georgia, 1998 M.S., University of Georgia, 2001 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Evidence on relation of brain to endocranial cavity in oviraptorid dinosaurs

Brains in living tetrapods other than birds and mammals do not entirely fill the brain cavities. Examination of di− nosaur braincases does not usually allow determination relating to how close walls of endocranial cavity lay to the surface of brain. The here described fragment of a skull roof of an oviraptorid dinosaur, Ingenia yanshini, shows perfectly preserved, numerous vascular imprints that cover the internal surfaces of frontals and parietals in the region roofing the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum. This specimen shows that in oviraptorids the brain closely fitted the brain cavity, to the extent found in birds and mammals. Among dinosaurs, only one similar case has been previously reported in an ornithomimid, Dromi− ceiomimus brevitertius, but the preserved vascular im− prints are less numerous and regular in this dinosaur than in Ingenia yanshini.
Behaviour of human myoblasts in vitro : role of ageing and inflammatory cytokines

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Molecular mechanisms controlling immunoglobulin class switch recombination

During immune responses, B cell repertoire is diversified through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). SHM and CSR require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which induces DNA damage. While AID deficiency abrogates SHM and CSR, C-terminal truncations impair CSR without affecting SHM and it has been proposed that AID C-terminal domain associates with CSR-specific factor(s). In order to identify these factors, we studied a human CSR-specific immunodeficiency, characterized by normal SHM and AID expression. B cells from these patients do not display DSBs at switch (S) regions, suggesting that they might lack an AID-binding factor(s) required to target AID to S regions during CSR. Through a multi- approach strategy, we identified and analyzed candidate factors, including Spt6, the cohesin complex and the Smc5/6 complex. We show that, in B cells poised to undergo CSR, AID is in a complex with Spt6, Spt5, the RNA polymerase II and the PAF complex while cohesins might regulate the 3D structure of the IgH locus and the pathway of DSBs repair at the Ig S regions. Our work thus contributes to a better understanding of the CSR reaction.
An expression tag toolbox for microbial production of membrane bound plant cytochromes P450

Membrane‐associated Cytochromes P450 (P450s) are one of the most important enzyme families for biosynthesis of plant‐derived medicinal compounds. However, the hydrophobic nature of P450s makes their use in robust cell factories a challenge. Here, we explore a small library of N‐terminal expression tag chimeras of the model plant P450 CYP79A1 in different Escherichia coli strains. Using a high‐throughput screening platform based on C‐terminal GFP fusions, we identify several highly expressing and robustly performing chimeric designs. Analysis of long‐term cultures by flow cytometry showed homogeneous populations for some of the conditions. Three chimeric designs were chosen for a more complex combinatorial assembly of a multigene pathway consisting of two P450s and a redox partner. Cells expressing these recombinant enzymes catalyzed the conversion of the substrate to highly different ratios of the intermediate and the final product of the pathway. Finally, the effect of a robustly performing expression tag was explored with a library of 49 different P450s from medicinal plants and nearly half of these were improved in expression by more than twofold. The developed toolbox serves as a platform to tune P450 performance in microbial cells, thereby facilitating recombinant production of complex plant P450‐derived biochemicals. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 751–760. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contribution à l'étude de la pollinisation du colza, Brassica napus L. var. oleifera (MOENCH) DELILE, en Belgique

Les auteurs ont etudie les insectes pollinisateurs du Colza (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) (MOENCH) DELILE, dans quatre localites de Wallonie (sud de la Belgique) au cours des annees 1984 et 1985. Les pollinisateurs les plus importants sont quelques especes d'Apidae sociaux: Apis mellifera L. , Bombus terrestris (L.), B. lucorum (L.), B. cryptarum (FABRICIUS) et Pyrobombus lapidarius (L.). L'Abeille domestique visite les nectaires du Colza de trois manieres differentes. Par la methode «surmontante», apres le premier nectaire, l'Abeille surmonte le style pour visiter le second. Par la methode «contournante», elle contourne le style pour visiter le second nectaire. Par la methode «inserante», elle insere sa langue par l'exterieur de la corolle entre la base des sepales et des petales [. ]
Biology of Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species‐specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.
Characterisation of the interactions between the KSHV ORF57 protein and the human TREX complex

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human oncovirus associated with multiple malignancies, including Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Like all herpesviruses, KSHV can establish either a latent or a lytic infection in host cells. During latency the virus remains in a dormant state, with limited gene expression. After reactivation, KSHV enters the lytic life cycle, characterised by production of infectious virions and subsequent dissemination of the virus from its latent reservoir. Importantly, lytic replication is critical for KS tumourigenesis. KSHV replicates in the nucleus of the host cell and requires cellular mRNA export factors to efficiently export viral mRNAs from the nucleus, allowing their translation in the cytoplasm. But while mammalian mRNA export is linked to splicing, the majority of the KSHV genome encodes intronless mRNAs, prompting the virus to circumvent this step. KSHV therefore expresses ORF57, a multifunctional protein essential for lytic replication. ORF57 recruits members of the cellular human transcription/export (hTREX) complex to form an export competent viral ribonucleoprotein particle (vRNP), facilitating efficient nuclear export of intronless KSHV mRNAs. This study presents a novel mechanism for the specific disruption of the vRNP and subsequent inhibition of virus lytic replication. Results suggest an ATP-cycle dependent remodelling of hTREX, which affects the ability of ORF57 to interact and form an export competent vRNP. Specifically, inhibiting ATP hydrolysis by the hTREX component and ATPase UAP56 prevents ORF57 from recruiting the hTREX complex, while key components of the endogenous complex remain able to interact. Following this finding, UAP56 was targeted by small molecule inhibitors, using a structure-based drug design approach, to prevent ATP hydrolysis and thereby inhibiting vRNP formation. Strikingly, a hit compound identified was shown to disrupt formation of the vRNP, lytic protein expression and infectious virion production, while allowing endogenous hTREX formation within a therapeutic window, where no cytotoxicity was observed. Bearing in mind the conserved mechanism for herpesvirus intronless mRNA export, this study finally presents a series of compounds that are able to prevent both KSHV and HSV-1 lytic replication.
Studies of cell migration and programmed cell death: characterization and analysis of scattershot, a mutation disrupting germ cell migration and programmed cell death in Drosophila melanogaster

Recognition of external conditions and the elicitation of appropriate responses are critical to a cell’s ability to adjust to various developmental and environmental cues. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large class of receptors that act to relay external information into the cell by initiating signaling pathways that allow the cell to adapt to its present conditions. There are numerous ligands that activate GPCRs to initiate a multitude of intracellular signaling cascades involved in critical decisions including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, migration, survival, and death. This article focuses on the signaling pathways involved in cell migration, survival and death decisions with an emphasis on germ cells from various organisms. Reprinted with permission of Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 May; 1049:17-23. Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA Primary Author Author for correspondence
THE EFFECT OF PITUITARY PARS INTERMEDIA DYSFUNCTION ON PROTEIN METABOLISM AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN AGED HORSES

OF THESIS THE EFFECT OF PITUITARY PARS INTERMEDIA DYSFUNCTION ON PROTEIN METABOLISM AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN AGED HORSES Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) typically occurs in horses older than 15 years of age and is characterized by hair coat abnormalities, muscle atrophy and decreased insulin sensitivity. The first objective of this research was to compare the rate of whole body protein metabolism and relative abundance of key factors in the signaling pathways associated with muscle protein synthesis and protein breakdown in response to feeding in Control and PPID horses. No differences (P > 0.05) were seen between the PPID and Control groups in whole-body protein metabolism or post-prandial activation of the muscle signaling pathways regulating skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. The second objective of this research was to determine if aged horses with PPID had reduced insulin sensitivity and alterations in the insulin-mediated signaling pathways in the skeletal muscle when compared to non-PPID, aged Control horses. Measures of insulin sensitivity and the activation of factors associated with protein synthesis and breakdown were similar between the PPID and Control groups (P > 0.05). Overall, insulin sensitivity and protein metabolism are similar between the PPID and Control groups. The studies suggest that abnormalities may exist as a function of advanced age rather than PPID status directly.
Assessment of haematological and biochemical parameters in crossbred heifers with anoestrus or oestrus

Status of haemato-biochemical constituents in crossbred (Jersey t non-descript) heifers during anoestrus or oestrus condition as studied. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 9 selected animals showing anoestrus at about 3-4 years of age, and also taken from equal number of crossbred heifers during the overt of heat sign [within 14 hr From the onset of heat) having similar age group for comparison. Haemoglobin, haematocrit (PCV), total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count and platelet count were measured. There was significant difference between the groups in the parameter of haemoglobin, packed-cell volume, red blood cell count and total leukocyte count. Erythrocyte indices such as MCV, MCH and MCHC remained almost similar to anoestrus and oestrus animals. Of differential leukocyte count. the neutriphil was higher in anoestrus group than that in oestrus group. Among the blood plasma/serum biochemical constituents, the levels of glucose and urea-nitrogen in anoestrus animals were significantly lower than that in oestrus animals Serum albumin concentration and albumin-globulin ratio revealed. The mean cholesterol concentration (mg dI) was 88.91p10. 77 and 111.55p10. 12 with a range of 78.76 - 105.47 and 100.23 - 129.92 in oestrus and anoestrus groups, respectively, and the mean differences was not significant. Activities of serum enzymes-AST, ALP and LDH showed statistically significant differences between the groups. Serum minerals calcium,phosphorus,magnesium and iron concentration were significantly higher in the group of oestrus animals tahn that in the anoestrus group, except sodium and potassium.