Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic force on saltating sand

In blizzards and sandstorms, wind transport of particles is associated with separation of electrostatic charge. Moving particles develop charge of sign opposite the electrostatic charge on stationary surface particles. This electrification produces forces in addition to the gravitational and fluid friction forces that determine trajectories for particles being transported in saltation. Evaluating electrostatic forces requires the electric field strength very near the saltation surface and charge-to-mass ratios for the moving particles. In a low-level blowing sand event we measured an average charge-to-mass ratio of +60 μC kg−1 on the saltating particles at 5-cm height and a maximum electric field of +166 kV m−1 at 1.7-cm height, in wind gusts near 12 m s−1 at 1.5-m height. The electrostatic force estimated from these measurements was equal in magnitude to the gravitational force on the saltating particles. Including electrostatic forces in the equations of motion for saltating particles may help explain discrepancies between measurements and models of saltation transport.
Biomechanical comparison of proximal, distal, and anatomic tibial tunnel for transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

No consensus has been reached on the optimal position of PCL tibial tunnel. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of proximal, distal and anatomic tibial tunnel in transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. An in-vitro model of transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was simulated using porcine tibias and bovine extensor tendons. Two models of biomechanical testing, load-to-failure loading, and cyclic loading, were performed in this study. The load-to-failure loading found that distal tibial tunnel resulted in greater ultimate load and yield load than the anatomic and proximal tunnel group (p < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in mean tensile stiffness among three groups (p > 0.05). The cyclic loading found no differences in the graft displacement at 250, 500, and 1000 cycles among three groups (p > 0.05). It was found that distal tibial tunnel showed superior ultimate load and yield load in load-to-failure loading testing compared with proximal and anatomic tibial tunnels, whereas no significant difference was found in terms of the mean displacement of the survived grafts in cyclic loading testing among three groups. Graphical abstract
Lymphoma‐associated mutations in autoreactive memory B cells of patients with Sjögren's syndrome

We recently demonstrated that normal memory B lymphocytes carry a substantial number of de novo mutations in the genome. Here, we performed exome‐wide somatic mutation analyses of bona fide autoreactive rheumatoid factor (RF)‐expressing memory B cells retrieved from patients with Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS). The amount and repertoire of the de novo exome mutations of RF B cells were found to be essentially different from those detected in healthy donor memory B cells. In contrast to the mutation spectra of normal B cells, which appeared random and non‐selected, the mutations of the RF B cells were greater in number and enriched for mutations in genes also found mutated in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. During the study, one of the SS patients developed a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) out of an RF clone that was identified 2 years earlier in an inflamed salivary gland biopsy. The successive oncogenic events in the RF precursor clone and the DLBCL were assessed. In conclusion, our findings of enhanced and selected genomic damage in growth‐regulating genes in RF memory B cells of SS patients together with the documented transformation of an RF‐precursor clone into DLBCL provide unique novel insight into the earliest stages of B‐cell derailment and lymphomagenesis. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Extranodal Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Head and Neck Region: A Clinicopathological Study of 7 Cases

Background. Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is a rare neoplasm arising from follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). It can be nodal or extranodal. Histological diagnosis of extranodal FDC sarcoma in the head and neck region is challenging and a significant percentage are misdiagnosed. Objectives. To report clinicopathological features of head and neck extranodal FDC sarcoma cases and discuss differential diagnoses. Methods. Seven head and neck extranodal FDC sarcomas were retrieved and clinicopathological features were noted. Results. Two tumors each involved parapharyngeal space and tonsil while remaining cases involved the parotid, soft tissue of neck and oropharynx. Age range was 12 to 79 years (mean and median age were 40 and 44 years respectively) and there was a male predilection (6 males: 1 female). All showed spindle to ovoid cells arranged in fascicles, whorls and/or storiform pattern. Mitoses ranged from 3 to 20/mm2. All tumors expressed CD21 and CD23. Two patients died of their disease at 9 and 16 months. Both had tumors larger than 5 cm with ≥10 mitoses/mm2. Three patients were alive at 12, 44 and 184 months. Conclusions. There was a distinct male predominance in our cohort. FDC sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell extranodal neoplasms in the head and neck with a whorled growth pattern and intratumoral lymphocytes. Head and neck region tumors show similar clinicopathologic characteristics as their counterparts at other locations with potential for aggressive behavior especially in tumors greater than 5 cm in size and with high mitotic rates.
Controlling in and out – the future of interfering with immune cell trafficking in inflammatory bowel disease

ABSTRACT Introduction Immune cell trafficking is a key requirement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Consistently, therapeutic strategies to target immune cell trafficking have been established and continue to be developed for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Areas covered In this review, we briefly summarize the most important checkpoints of intestinal immune cell trafficking and their importance during IBD. Moreover, we provide an overview of associated therapeutic targets and previous as well as current efforts on treatment strategies related to these targets. Expert opinion Finally, we comment on potential future developments that might shape the field of immune cell trafficking in the context of IBD.
Comparison of reflectance confocal microscopy and line‐field optical coherence tomography for the identification of keratinocyte skin tumours

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) are non‐invasive imaging devices that can help in the clinical diagnosis of actinic keratosis (AK) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). No studies are available on the comparison between these two technologies for the identification of the different features of keratinocyte skin tumours.
Booklet for knowledge and prevention of HIV mother-to-child transmission: a pilot study of a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objective: To test the effectiveness of the booklet, compared to the usual service care, in the increase of the knowledge of pregnant/puerperal women living with HIV, for the prevention of HIV-VT. Method: Pilot study of a randomized controlled clinical trial, initially with 104 pregnant women living with HIV, with a final sample of 45 women. It was held in three public maternity hospitals in Fortaleza-CE, from January/2017 to May/2018. The control group received regular care from the service and the intervention group had access to the booklet as an additive. The research was carried out in three phases: baseline; evaluation 2, in prenatal care; and evaluation 3, in the postpartum period. Results: There was no intergroup difference in the women’s mean knowledge score (short-term p = 0.473; long-term p = 0.151). However, in the intragroup analysis, the booklet proved to be effective in improving the pregnant women’s knowledge in the intervention group, in the short term (p = 0.002) and long term (p = 0.033). Conclusion: There was an improvement in knowledge within the intervention group over time, but there was no difference in women’s knowledge in the intergroup analysis. Thus, based on this pilot, a broader study on the use of booklet is required to prove its effectiveness (ReBEC: UTN: U1111-1191-9954).
Impaired Bone Architecture in Peripubertal Children With HIV, Despite Treatment With Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Zimbabwe

HIV infection has multi‐system adverse effects in children, including on the growing skeleton. We aimed to determine the association between chronic HIV infection and bone architecture (density, size, strength) in peripubertal children. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of children aged 8 to 16 years with HIV (CWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and children without HIV (CWOH) recruited from schools and frequency‐matched for age strata and sex. Outcomes, measured by tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), included 4% trabecular and 38% cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), 4% and 38% cross‐sectional area (CSA), and 38% stress–strain index (SSI). Multivariable linear regression tested associations between HIV status and outcomes, stratified by sex and puberty (Tanner 1–2 versus 3–5), adjusting for age, height, fat mass, physical activity, and socioeconomic and orphanhood statuses. We recruited 303 CWH and 306 CWOH; 50% were female. Although CWH were similar in age to CWOH (overall mean ± SD 12.4 ± 2.5 years), more were prepubertal (ie, Tanner 1; 41% versus 23%). Median age at ART initiation was 4 (IQR 2–7) years, whereas median ART duration was 8 (IQR 6–10) years. CWH were more often stunted (height‐for‐age Z‐score <−2) than those without HIV (33% versus 7%). Both male and female CWH in later puberty had lower trabecular vBMD, CSA (4% and 38%), and SSI than those without HIV, whereas cortical density was similar. Adjustment explained some of these differences; however, deficits in bone size persisted in CWH in later puberty (HIV*puberty interaction p = 0.035 [males; 4% CSA] and p = 0.029 [females; 38% CSA]). Similarly, puberty further worsened the inverse association between HIV and bone strength (SSI) in both males (interaction p = 0.008) and females (interaction p = 0.004). Despite long‐term ART, we identified deficits in predicted bone strength in those living with HIV, which were more overt in the later stages of puberty. This is concerning, as this may translate to higher fracture risk later in life. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Factors Affecting the Learning Curve in the Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Sampling of Solid Pancreatic Lesions: A Prospective Study

Background/Aims Endosonography is associated with a long learning curve. We aimed to assess variables that may influence the diagnostic outcomes in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/B) of solid pancreatic tumors regarding the level of endoscopists' experience. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing EUS-guided puncture of solid pancreatic tumors (eight endosonographers, including six trainees) were prospectively enrolled. An experienced endosonographer was defined as having performed at least 250 EUS examinations, including 75 FNA/Bs. The final diagnosis was determined by cytopathology, histopathology, or clinical follow-up. Results In total, 283 EUS-FNA/Bs of solid pancreatic tumors (75.6% malignant) in 239 patients (median age 69 years, 57.6% males) were enrolled. Trainees performed 149/283 (52.7%) of the interventions. Accuracy and sensitivity for detecting malignancy were significantly higher in the expert group than in the trainee group (85.8% vs 73.2%, p=0.01 and 82.5% vs 68.4%, p=0.02). Solid lesions evaluated by an expert using FNB needles showed the best odds for a correct diagnosis (odds ratio, 3.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 8.23; p=0.02). More experienced endoscopists achieved better accuracy in sampling via the transduodenal approach (86.7% vs 68.5%, p<0.001), in the sampling of malignant lesions (82.5 vs 68.4, p=0.02), and in the sampling of lesions located in the pancreatic head (86.1 vs 69.1, p=0.02). In cases involving these factors, we observed a moderate improvement in the diagnostic accuracy after 40 attempts. Conclusions Transduodenal approach, pancreatic head lesions, and malignancy were recognized as the most important clinical factors affecting the learning curve in EUS-FNA/B of solid pancreatic lesions.
Social Media Health Promotion and Audience Engagement: The Roles of Information Dissemination, Organization-Audience Interaction, and Action Confidence Building

ABSTRACT Social media have become an important platform for health promotion. Based on the Information-Community-Action Framework, we conducted a content analysis of 1,481 Facebook postings by Singapore’s Health Promotion Board. Results showed that organizational information and health benefit information dissemination were positively associated with online audience engagement. Also, organization-audience interaction had a positive relationship with online audience engagement. In addition, messages that help build confidence for health behavior change increased online audience engagement. In addition to these main effects, organization-audience interaction also played a moderating role that strengthened the effects of information dissemination and action confidence building on online audience engagement. This study offers important theoretical contributions to the Information-Community-Action Framework and has practical implications for enhancing the effectiveness of health promotion in this digital era.
Weighted inequalities and uncertainty principles for the $\boldsymbol{(k,a)}$-generalized Fourier transform

We obtain several versions of the Hausdorff-Young and Hardy-Littlewood inequalities for the $(k,a)$-generalized Fourier transform recently investigated at length by Ben Sa\"i d, Kobayashi, and {\O} rsted. We also obtain a number of weighted inequalities - in particular Pitt's inequality - that have application to uncertainty principles. Specifically we obtain several analogs of the Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl principle for $L^p$-functions, local Cowling-Price-type inequalities, Donoho-Stark-type inequalities and qualitative extensions. We finally use the Hausdorff-Young inequality as a means to obtain entropic uncertainty inequalities.
Baseline pupil size encodes task-related information and modulates the task-evoked response in a speech-in-noise task

Pupillometry data are commonly reported relative to a baseline value recorded in a controlled pre-task condition. In this study, the influence of the experimental design and the preparatory processing related to task difficulty on the baseline pupil size was investigated during a speech intelligibility in noise paradigm. Furthermore, the relationship between the baseline pupil size and the temporal dynamics of the pupil response was assessed. The analysis revealed strong effects of block presentation order, within-block sentence order and task difficulty on the baseline values. An interaction between signal-to-noise ratio and block order was found, indicating that baseline values reflect listener expectations arising from the order in which the different blocks were presented. Furthermore, the baseline pupil size was found to affect the slope, delay and curvature of the pupillary response as well as the peak pupil dilation. This suggests that baseline correction might be sufficient when reporting pupillometry results in terms of mean pupil dilation only, but not when a more complex characterization of the temporal dynamics of the response is considered. By clarifying which factors affect baseline pupil size and how baseline values interact with the task-evoked response, the results from the present study can contribute to a better interpretation of the pupillary response as a marker of cognitive processing.
The Prognostic Value of Preoperative Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio on Survival Outcome for Patients With Locally Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: This retrospective cohort study was to assess the prognostic value of preoperative albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) on survival outcome for patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (LAOSCC). Methods: A total of 250 patients with LAOSCC receiving upfront radical surgery at a single institute from January 2008 to December 2017 were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the survival predictability of preoperative AAPR on the 5-year overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Cox proportional hazards model was used for survival analysis. The X-tile software was used to estimate the optimal cut-off value of preoperative AAPR on survival prediction. A predictive nomogram incorporating the clinicopathological factors on OS was further generated. Results: The 5-year OS, CSS, and DFS rates were 68.6%, 79.7%, and 61.7%, respectively. The optimal cut-off of preoperative AAPR to predict the 5-year OS was observed to be 0.51. For those with preoperative AAPR≧0.51, the 5-year OS, CSS, and DFS were statistically significantly superior to those with preoperative AAPR<0.51 (OS: 76.1% vs 48.5%, P < .001; CSS: 84.3% vs 66.4%, P = .005; DFS: 68.9% vs 42.6%, P < .001). In Cox model, we observed that preoperative AAPR<0.51 was a significantly negative prognosticator of OS (HR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.466-3.361, P < .001), CSS (HR: 2.037, 95% CI: 1.16-3.578, P = .013), and DFS (HR: 1.756, 95% CI: 1.075-2.868, P = .025). After adding the variable of preoperative AAPR, the c-index of the predictive nomogram incorporating assorted clinicopathological factors increases from 0.663 to 0.692 for OS. Conclusion: Our results suggest that preoperative AAPR serves as an independent survival predictor for patients with LAOSCC. The nomogram incorporating preoperative AAPR and various clinicopathological features may be a convenient tool to estimate the mortality risk for patients with LAOSCC.
GLP‐1 rescued gestational diabetes mellitus‐induced suppression of fetal thalamus development

Diabetes can be classified as type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It has been reported that children born from mothers with GDM present motor impairment, however, underlying mechanisms of GDM‐induce fetal neurological diseases remain unknown. In this study, NOD (nonobese diabetic) mice were used to construct the GDM model; after 2 weeks of gestation, thalamocortical axon development of fetal was evaluated by immunofluorescence. PCR of LRRC4C was used to confirm axon development of the thalamus cortex. RNA array was used to predict possible targets affected by GDM during fetal neurodevelopment. Western blot was used to investigate the underlying mechanism, PI3K inhibitor, and MAPK inhibitor was used to determine key pathway involved in this model, in vitro axonal growth was evaluated using neural stem cells, tactile sensory behavior of offspring was assessed to confirm neurological influence further. The result shown that maternal diabetes significantly suppressed axonal development of fetal thalamus cortex, PCR array of GDM fetal brain indicated that upregulation of GLP‐1R compared with normal fetal, ELISA confirmed that GLP‐1 level was decreased in GDM maternal serum compared with that of wild type pregnant mice. In vitro study observed enhanced axonal elongation after supplements of GLP‐1 analog, GLP‐1 analog PI3K‐dependently active ROCK1 activity, IP injection of GLP‐1 analog could partly reverse GDM‐induced suppression of fetal thalamocortical axon development and improve tactile sensory behavior of GDM offspring. Our study provided a novel mechanism of GDM induced‐neurological diseases and predicted GLP‐1 as possible prevention supplement during gestation.
Post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer – identifying, understanding, and improving

tient outcomes by identifying and treating early malignant and premalignant lesions. A key element in achieving this aim is performing high quality GI endoscopy. Until recently, most quality measures in GI endoscopy have centered on colonoscopy and the diagnosis and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). One important metric that has been used as a colonoscopy quality measure is the rate of post-colonoscopy CRC (PCCRC) [1]. PCCRC is defined as CRC diagnosed in a patient who has previously had a colonoscopy at which no cancer was diagnosed. To reduce rates of PCCRC, it is recommended that endoscopy services identify patients with PCCRC, perform a root cause analysis to identify and categorize the most plausible factors that led to the cancer, and use the results of the analysis to inform quality improvement measures [1]. As the global incidence of upper GI (UGI) cancer is close to that of CRC [2], it is also important to examine quality measures in UGI endoscopy. UGI endoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of UGI cancers. A recent large Nordic population-based cohort study showed that a negative UGI endoscopy in patients with gastroesophageal disease was associated with a strong and long-lasting decrease in both the incidence of and mortality from UGI cancer [3]. The beneficial effects of a negative UGI endoscopy on cancer incidence are however imperfect – nearly 10% of patients diagnosed with UGI cancer have had a UGI endoscopy within the preceding 3 years that did not diagnose cancer [4]. This reflects the challenges in endoscopically recognizing subtle early malignant and premalignant UGI lesions [4].
Restrictions of eigenfunctions to totally geodesic submanifolds of codimension 2

In this paper, we measure the maximum concentration of eigenfunctions restricted to totally geodesic submanifolds of codimension 2. N. Burq, P. G\'erard, and N. Tzvetkov obtained $L^p$ estimates for eigenfunctions restricted to submanifolds. Their results are sharp except a log loss at one endpoint in codimension 1 and 2 submanifolds respectively. The log loss in codimension one can be removed as showed R. Hu. For the remaining case, X. Chen and C. Sogge showed that if $n=3$ and the submanifold is a geodesic, then the log loss can be removed. Here we remove the log loss of the codimension two case for geodesic submanifolds in higher dimensions.
Relationship Between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Serum Uric Acid in Patients With Untreated Essential Hypertension in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Several studies have reported that the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is associated with serum uric acid (SUA) in healthy middle-aged men, kidney transplant patients, and diabetic patients. We assessed the relationship between AIP and SUA in patients with untreated essential hypertension (EH) in China. In the cross-sectional study, we evaluated 5003 patients with untreated EH in China; 1490 were assigned to the hyperuricemia (HUA) group and 3513 to the normouricemia (non-HUA) group according to the diagnostic criteria of HUA (SUA level≥6 mg/dL in females and ≥7 mg/dL in males). A higher AIP level was found in the HUA group (P < .001), and AIP was positively and independently correlated with SUA after adjusting for statistically significant variables (β = .204, P < .001). Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the AIP was closely and independently related to HUA after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio [OR]: 11.980, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.186–45.047, P < .001). Our findings suggested that the AIP was positively and independently associated with SUA, and elevated AIP might be a significant risk factor for HUA in patients with untreated EH in China.