Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patients with primary carnitine deficiency treated with L‐carnitine are alive and doing well—A 10‐year follow‐up in the Faroe Islands

Primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) can be lethal. Carnitine is essential for the transfer of long‐chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for β‐oxidation. The reported prevalence of PCD in the Faroe Islands of 1:300 is the highest in the world. The Faroese PCD patient cohort has been closely monitored and we now report results from a 10‐year follow‐up study of 139 PCD patients. Four patients have died of natural causes since diagnosis. There were no signs of cardiac complications related to PCD. 70.5% reported an effect of L‐carnitine treatment. 33.7% reported current symptoms with fatigue and low stamina being the most common. 65.1% had experienced side effects during L‐carnitine treatment. Most common side effects were fish odor, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The overall mean L‐carnitine dosage was 66.3 mg/kg/day. Free p‐carnitine was similar between male and female patients on L‐carnitine—18.6 and 18.8 μmol/L, respectively. L‐carnitine supplementation seems to be a safe and effective treatment when suffering from PCD. PCD patients in the Faroe Islands are alive and doing well more than 10 years after diagnosis.
Dinámica e implicancia del aluvión de la laguna 513, Cordillera Blanca, Ancash, Perú

La Cordillera Blanca, al norte de Peru es la zona con mas actividad geodinamica externa en Peru. En ella ocurrieron grandes flujos de detritos de origen glaciar, varios de ellos fueron grandes desastres y cobraron miles de vidas. El 11 de abril del 2010, la laguna 513, ubicada en el centro de la Cordillera Blanca, sufrio un desembalse parcial por la caida de un gran bloque de hielo y rocas del nevado Hualcan (5500 msnm). Este evento pese a ser de dimensiones considerables, no genero grandes perdidas ni afecto alguna ciudad importante. Mediante simulaciones numericas de flujo se estudio su dinamica, se determino sus volumenes y su turbulencia asi como tambien explicamos e papel de la morfologia de la zona en la desaceleracion del flujo, su encausamiento en un valle fluvial y su posterior comportamiento como crecida de rio. Las simulaciones realizadas mediante FLO2D se validan mediante comparaciones con imagenes de satelite post evento y datos de campo.
β1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies and IgG Subclasses: Current Status and Unsolved Issues

A wide range of anti-myocardial autoantibodies have been reported since the 1970s. Among them, autoantibodies against the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR-AAb) have been the most thoroughly investigated, especially in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Β1AR-Aabs have agonist effects inducing desensitization of β1AR, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and sustained calcium influx which lead to cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Β1AR-Aab has been reported to be detected in approximately 40% of patients with DCM, and the presence of the antibody has been associated with worse clinical outcomes. The removal of anti-myocardial autoantibodies including β1AR-AAb by immunoadsorption is beneficial for the improvement of cardiac function for DCM patients. However, several studies have suggested that its efficacy depended on the removal of AAbs belonging to the IgG3 subclass, not total IgG. IgG subclasses differ in the structure of the Fc region, suggesting that the mechanism of action of β1AR-AAb differs depending on the IgG subclasses. Our previous clinical research demonstrated that the patients with β1AR-AAb better responded to β-blocker therapy, but the following studies found that its response also differed among IgG subclasses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the possible pathogenic role of IgG subclasses of β1AR-AAbs in DCM, and the broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including HF with preserved ejection fraction.
Chemically Mediated Interactions with Macroalgae Negatively Affect Coral Health but Induce Limited Changes in Coral Microbiomes

Allelopathic chemicals facilitated by the direct contact of macroalgae with corals are potentially an important mechanism mediating coral–macroalgal interactions, but only a few studies have explored their impacts on coral health and microbiomes and the coral’s ability to recover. We conducted a field experiment on an equatorial urbanized reef to assess the allelopathic effects of four macroalgal species (Bryopsis sp., Endosiphonia horrida, Hypnea pannosa and Lobophora challengeriae) on the health and microbiomes of three coral species (Merulina ampliata, Montipora stellata and Pocillopora acuta). Following 24 h of exposure, crude extracts of all four macroalgal species caused significant coral tissue bleaching and reduction in effective quantum yield. The corals were able to recover within 72 h of the removal of extracts, except those that were exposed to L. challengeriae. While some macroalgal extracts caused an increase in the alpha diversity of coral microbiomes, there were no significant differences in the composition and variability of coral microbiomes between controls and macroalgal extracts at each sampling time point. Nevertheless, DESeq2 differential abundance analyses showed species-specific responses of coral microbiomes. Overall, our findings provide insights on the limited effect of chemically mediated interactions with macroalgae on coral microbiomes and the capacity of corals to recover quickly from the macroalgal chemicals.
Fast Approximation of the Shapley Values Based on Order-of-Addition Experimental Designs

Shapley value is originally a concept in econometrics to fairly distribute both gains and costs to players in a coalition game. In the recent decades, its application has been extended to other areas such as marketing, engineering and machine learning. For example, it produces reasonable solutions for problems in sensitivity analysis, local model explanation towards the interpretable machine learning, node importance in social network, attribution models, etc. However, its heavy computational burden has been long recognized but rarely investigated. Specifically, in a $d$-player coalition game, calculating a Shapley value requires the evaluation of $d! $ or $2^d$ marginal contribution values, depending on whether we are taking the permutation or combination formulation of the Shapley value. Hence it becomes infeasible to calculate the Shapley value when $d$ is reasonably large. A common remedy is to take a random sample of the permutations to surrogate for the complete list of permutations. We find an advanced sampling scheme can be designed to yield much more accurate estimation of the Shapley value than the simple random sampling (SRS). Our sampling scheme is based on combinatorial structures in the field of design of experiments (DOE), particularly the order-of-addition experimental designs for the study of how the orderings of components would affect the output. We show that the obtained estimates are unbiased, and can sometimes deterministically recover the original Shapley value. Both theoretical and simulations results show that our DOE-based sampling scheme outperforms SRS in terms of estimation accuracy. Surprisingly, it is also slightly faster than SRS. Lastly, real data analysis is conducted for the C. elegans nervous system and the 9/11 terrorist network.
NOVEL APPROACHES TO STUDYING BIODIVERSITY IN REMOTE AREAS: DISTRIBUTION OF LICHENS AND PENGUINS ACROSS THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA

Title of Dissertation: NOVEL APPROACHES TO STUDYING BIODIVERSITY IN REMOTE AREAS: DISTRIBUTION OF LICHENS AND PENGUINS ACROSS THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA. Paula Victoria Casanovas, Doctor of Philosophy 2013 Directed By: Dr. William F. Fagan, Department of Biology, University of Maryland and Dr. Heather J. Lynch, Department of Ecology & Evolution, Stony Brook University Biodiversity inventories are a critical resource, providing baseline information for assessing environmental changes over time. In many cases, the underlying datasets are generated by “opportunistic” sampling efforts or they are consolidated from diverse datasets collected for different purposes. These datasets are typically patchy and incomplete, requiring the use of sophisticated statistical analyses. The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is one of those areas where direct observation of species distribution is difficult; it is also an area that in recent decades has been experiencing important environmental changes, which influence population and ecosystem dynamics. I addressed biogeographical questions in the AP archipelago, using remote sensing and opportunistic data sets for two very different groups of organisms: lichens and penguins. Although taxonomically different, both groups are key components of the AP terrestrial ecosystem, and share the need to couple biodiversity surveys with modeling to understand species distribution and abundance patterns in large areas of remote wilderness. The results of this dissertation work are interesting to polar biologists, because evidence suggests that the input of nutrients by seabirds can significantly impact floral diversity and abundance in nutrient-poor polar communities. The datasets and protocols for data collection and analyses generated in this project are valuable in themselves for the scientific community. They could be used as the basis for a valuable and practicable monitoring program and procedures for the evaluation of the data derived from it. In the Antarctic Peninsula in particular, this information will aid in the delineation and management of protected areas, as well as in the evaluation of the impacts of climate change and human visitation to the most traveled locations. Furthermore, this research provided an example of how an approach that integrates the use of existing remote-sensing products with independent ongoing field sampling efforts, “citizen scientist” data collection, and historical datasets can yield lowcost, high-benefit studies that can be useful both to understand how species respond to their environment, and to help environmental managers to predict and cope with imminent changes due to global warming. NOVEL APPROACHES TO STUDYING BIODIVERSITY IN REMOTE AREAS: DISTRIBUTION OF LICHENS AND PENGUINS ACROSS THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA.
Elastosonography and electrodiagnosis in relation to symptomatic and functional grading of carpal tunnel syndrome

Objectives This study focused on the symptomatic and the functional evaluation in correlations to median nerve elasticity, its ultrasound parameters, and the electrodiagnostic grading of primary carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients. Patients and methods In the case-control study, 100 wrists of 57 CTS patients (54 females, 3 males; mean age: 39±9.8 years; range, 20 to 60 years) clinically diagnosed according to the American Academy of Neurology Clinical Diagnostic Criteria were evaluated between December 2019 and December 2020. The control group included 110 nondiseased wrists of 55 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects (males 7, females 48; mean age: 35.7±10.3 years; range 20 to 58 years). Functional assessment using Hi-Ob-Db clinical scale, electrodiagnosis, ultrasonographic screening, and elasticity evaluation were done for all patients. Results CTS patients had an increased stiffness of the median nerve compared to controls. Functional stages were positively correlated with the ultrasonographic parameters and the electrodiagnostic stages of CTS. The elastogram of clinically diagnosed patients was revealed more stiffness of the MN, with negative electrodiagnosis results. Conclusion Clinically diagnosed CTS could be missed by the electrodiagnosis but then properly figured by ultrasonography and potentially graded by sonoelastography. Sonoelastography may be an effective method for early diagnosis and appropriate grading of CTS.
Morphosyntactic predictive processing in adult heritage speakers: effects of cue availability and spoken and written language experience

ABSTRACT We investigated prediction skills of adult heritage speakers and the role of written and spoken language experience on predictive processing. Using visual world eye-tracking, we focused on predictive use of case-marking cues in verb-medial and verb-final sentences in Turkish with adult Turkish heritage speakers (N = 25) and Turkish monolingual speakers (N = 24). Heritage speakers predicted in verb-medial sentences (when verb-semantic and case-marking cues were available), but not in verb-final sentences (when only case-marking cues were available) while monolinguals predicted in both. Prediction skills of heritage speakers were modulated by their spoken language experience in Turkish and written language experience in both languages. Overall, these results strongly suggest that verb-semantic information is needed to scaffold the use of morphosyntactic cues for prediction in heritage speakers. The findings also support the notion that both spoken and written language experience play an important role in predictive spoken language processing.
Role of stress in the pathogenesis of cancer (Review)

Stress is a state of disrupted homeostasis, triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the stressors, which are counteracted by various physiological and behavioural adaptive responses. Stress has been linked to cancer development and incidence for decades; however, epidemiological studies and clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. The present review discusses the effects of stress on cancer development and the various underlying mechanisms. Animal studies have revealed a clear link between stress and cancer progression, revealing molecular, cellular and endocrine processes that are implicated in these effects. Thus, stress hormones, their receptor systems and their intracellular molecular pathways mediate the effects of stress on cancer initiation, progression and the development of metastases. The mechanisms linking stress and cancer progression can either be indirect, mediated by changes in the cancer microenvironment or immune system dysregulation, or direct, through the binding of neuroendocrine stress-related signalling molecules to cancer cell receptors. Stress affects numerous anti- and pro-cancer immune system components, including host resistance to metastasis, tumour retention and/or immune suppression. Chronic psychological stress through the elevation of catecholamine levels may increase cancer cell death resistance. On the whole, stress is linked to cancer development and incidence, with psychological stressors playing a crucial role. Animal studies have revealed a better link than human ones, with stress-related hormones influencing tumour development, migration, invasion and cell proliferation. Randomized controlled trials are required to further evaluate the long-term cancer outcomes of stress and its management.
TRendS in The develoPmenT of TRolleybuS TRAnSPoRT in PolAnd AT The end of The Second decAde of The 21ST cenTuRy

: Trolleybus transport played a changing role in Poland. Historically, these were both periods of dynamic development and rapid regression. The article analyzes the period from 2004 to 2018. An attempt was made to systematize and organize information on the development of trolleybus transport in this period. The available scientific literature as well as the economic, organizational and technological conditions for the functioning of trolleybus transport were analyzed. The analyzed period was undoubtedly a time of dynamic development of all three existing trolleybus systems in Poland. The structural funds of the European Union played a significant role in this, allowing to revitalize neglected and underinvested systems. At the same time, climate change has influenced global and local conditions in terms of the approach to transport in cities. Trolleybuses perfectly respond to the demands to reduce emissions from transport in cities. Also thanks to the development of battery technologies, trolleybuses have become more flexible in operation. The article compares the years 2004 and 2018, additionally illustrating the changes taking place on the maps.
Factors affecting collaboration in agricultural supply chain: A case study in the North Central region of Vietnam

Abstract Based on three fundamental theories, commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing, transaction cost theory, and force field theory, this study has examined the factors affecting collaboration in the agricultural supply chain in the North Central region of Vietnam by analyzing EFA, CFA, and SEM. The research results have shown that trust and commitment are two important antecedents of collaboration, and they have a positive effect on collaboration in the agricultural supply chain. Risk has a negative effect on collaboration and is explained based on the concept of understanding the nature of risk and the characteristics of the research context. The dark side of collaboration is opportunistic behavior, testing the influence of this factor and concluding that it is necessary to limit opportunistic behavior to enhance collaboration in the agricultural supply chain. It is shown that there is a difference in the level of collaboration among specific agricultural sectors in the North Central region, in which collaboration in cultivation and livestock sectors has a low level, but in aquaculture, it is higher. Similarly, contractual relationships are essential for promoting collaboration in the agricultural supply chain. From these research results, the study has proposed some practical solutions to increase collaborations in the agricultural supply chain in the North Central region of Vietnam.
Antidiabetic and anti- hyperlipidemic effects of ethanolic extract of Dryopteris dilatata leaves

The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing globally and it is a major source of concern. This study was undertaken to assess the antidiabetic effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of Dryopteris dilatata (ELEDD). Thirty adult Wistar rats with body weight (BW) of 120-150 g were randomly assigned to groups of five rats each (n=5). Groups 1 served as normal control; Groups 2-6 were diabetic groups; group 2 served as negative control; group 3 received 50 mg/kg of metformin; 4-6 received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of ELEDD respectively. The BW and fasting blood glucose level (FBSL) of the rats were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment, all the rats were anaesthetized with 25% urethane (sigma- Aldrich) intraperitoneally (I.P) and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. There was an increase in the BW of the metformin treated group and varying doses of ELEDD. It caused 77.00±15.07% decrease in FBSL; 86.94±34.80% and 248.07±20.56% with respect to 400 and 800 mg/kg of ELEDD. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the serum total cholesterol (STC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) as well as decrease in high density lipoproteins (HDL-C). Lipid profile groups treated with ELEDD significantly (p<0.05) decreased in a dose dependent manner . This study has shown that DD has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Key words: Diabetes, Dryopteris dilatai, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and phytochemical
Towards Modeling 3D Dense Shape Correspondence from Category-Specific Multi-View Images

We present Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) with Template, dubbed Template-NeRF, for modeling 3D appearance and geometry and generating dense shape correspondence simultaneously among objects of the same category from only multi-view posed images. No 3D supervision or ground-truth correspondence knowledge is required. The learned dense correspondence can be directly used for various image-based tasks such as keypoint detection, part segmentation, and texture transfer that previously required specific model designs. Our method can also accommodate annotation transfer in a one or few-shot manner. Given only one or a few annotated instances of the category, our model can transfer to many others. We introduce deep implicit templates on 3D data into the 3D-aware image synthesis pipeline NeRF using periodic activation and feature-wise linear modulation (FiLM) conditioning. By representing object instances within the same category as shape and appearance variation of a shared NeRF template, our proposed method can achieve dense shape correspondence reasoning on images for a wide range of object classes.
Structural and functional modifications induced by X-ray nanopatterning in Bi-2212 single crystals

We have investigated the modifications induced in the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) by X-ray nanopatterning, which is an innovative, photoresist-free, direct-writing approach recently used to fabricate proof-of-concept electrical devices [Truccato et al., Nano Lett. , 2016, 16, 1669]. By means of combined synchrotron microdiffraction and electrical transport measurements carried out on the same Bi-2212 microcrystal, we show that hard X-ray irradiation with fluences of the order of 1012 J m−2, corresponding to doses of the order of 1013 Gy, induces crystal fragmentation into multiple subdomains and decreases the carrier density of the system. We ascertain that the synergistic action of grain boundaries and of oxygen removal from the material dramatically changes the properties of Bi-2212 both in the normal and in the superconducting state. This special feature of X-ray nanopatterning introduces an opportunity that could be exploited to finely tune material structural defects according to the desired properties.
Decentralized Event-Triggered Asymmetric Constrained Control Through Adaptive Critic Designs for Nonlinear Interconnected Systems

In this article, a decentralized event-triggered control mechanism is established to solve the interconnected issue of continuous-time nonlinear systems with asymmetric input constraints and matched interconnections based on the adaptive critic technology. First, by inserting the discount factor, a novel nonquadratic cost function is constructed for the constrained subsystem with nonzero equilibrium point. Meanwhile, the decentralized event-triggered control issue is transformed into a set of optimal control issues. Then, the execution of nominal subsystem is based on the event-triggered mechanism (ETM) with an event-triggering condition which increases the algorithm efficiency. Moreover, we derive the associated event-triggered Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation which arising in the discounted-cost optimal event-triggered control issues of nominal subsystems. In the implementation, an adaptive critic framework is employed to approximate the optimal cost function. Later, the experience replay (ER) approach is introduced into a novel weight tuning mechanism, which converts the traditional persistence of excitation (PE) condition into an easy-checked rank condition. Theoretically, the stability of the system and the exclusion of Zeno behavior are demonstrated. Finally, one representative example is simulated to validate the efficacy of the constructed framework.