Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Sweatshops to Intimate Labor

"This article tracks surrogate mothers’ wage labor trajectories in the southern Indian city of Bangalore. Women working in garment factories sell their eggs and become surrogate mothers, after which they cycle back to garment factories. I show that while women are exploited in the intimate industries, they do not necessarily feel disempowered. Perversely, deepening forms of bodily commodification are experienced as deliverance from social degradation. Many surrogate mothers describe their social degradation because of gender; they have weaker positions in the home, they earn lesser wages than their husbands, and they are sexually harassed on the garment shop floor. Yet, they explain that it is precisely because of their womanly bodies they can earn large sums of money in Bangalore’s reproduction industry. Their ability to bring capital facilitates their capacity to negotiate powerful positions in their extended households, and solidify their social positions. "
Changes in Attachment to Parents and Peers and Relations With Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Using a longitudinal design, we examined changes in parent and peer attachment among college students, and their predictive and protective roles in relation to mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. College students (N = 106) rated their parent and peer attachment, and self-reported anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptoms 1 year before and during the pandemic. Participants also rated the impact of COVID-19 related stressors (CRS). Results demonstrate significant increases in loneliness and depression and a decrease in peer attachment security during the pandemic. Increases in peer attachment security were negatively correlated with loneliness during the pandemic. Parent attachment buffered the relationship between the impact of CRS and mental health problems during the pandemic. Guided by the integrated framework from attachment theory and life course theory, the current study discussed findings and practices regarding the important role of attachment for college students and their adjustment to the pandemic.
Public opinion and awareness regarding probation in the Czech Republic

Previous research on non-custodial sentences has pointed to the association between awareness of alternatives to prison and public opinion on these alternative measures. Using data from a public opinion survey conducted in the Czech Republic in 2018, the main objective of this study is to examine the extent to which public opinion on probation is influenced by awareness of probation service and support for probation in general. The data suggest that those generally in favour of probation, unlike those opposed, agree with this measure being imposed on a wider range of offenders, are more lenient towards offenders who violate the conditions of their probation, and perceive probation as being beneficial to the criminal justice system and society as a whole. On the other hand, the public’s awareness of the probation service per se seems not to be as important as whether or not the basic principles of probation are embraced.
Influence of proactive personality and career calling on employees’ job performance: A moderated mediation model based on job crafting

Purpose: Based on self-determination theory, this study sought to clarify the internal mechanism of the impact of proactive personality and career calling on job performance from both personality traits and intrinsic motivation perspectives, highlight the important role of job crafting as an individual’s proactive behaviour, and demonstrate the supporting role of organisational embeddedness as an external environmental factor.Design/methodology/approach: Hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrap-based path analysis were used to test the above hypotheses on 292 employees in China.Findings/results: The results show that proactive personality and career calling had significant positive effects on employees’ job performance, and job crafting was a full mediator in both paths, with significantly different mediation effects. Organisational embeddedness moderated this mediating effect.Practical implications: This study provides references for employees and organisations to continuously improve their job performance. Organisations need to address job crafting behaviours and create related supporting atmospheres.Originality/value: This study explored the mechanisms that affect career outcomes from both personality traits and intrinsic motivation aspects. The theoretical model verifies the value of individual intrinsic motivation and autonomous behaviour, and confirms the theory of self-determination. The study also extends the existing career theory by breaking through the one-sidedness of the previous theory that emphasises only the role of the organisation, but highlights the crucial importance of employees’ subjective initiatives.
Antibiofilm Efficacy of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pbunavirus vB_PaeM-SMS29 Loaded onto Dissolving Polyvinyl Alcohol Microneedles

Resistant bacteria prevail in most chronic skin wounds and other biofilm-related topical skin infections. Bacteriophages (phages) have proven their antimicrobial effectiveness for treating different antibiotic-resistant and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, but not all phages are effective against biofilms. Phages possessing depolymerases can reach different biofilm layers; however, those that do not have depolymerase activity struggle to penetrate and navigate in the intricate 3D biofilm structure and mainly infect bacteria lodged in the outer biofilm layers. To address this, Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage vB_PaeM-SMS29, a phage with poor antibiofilm properties, was incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, Mowiol 4:88) supplemented with 0.1% (v/v) of glycerol, and cast onto two different microneedle arrays varying in geometry. The dissolving microneedles were thoroughly characterized by microscopy, force-displacement, swelling, phage release and stability. Furthermore, 48 h-old biofilms were formed using the colony biofilm procedure (absence of broth), and the antibiofilm efficacy of the phage-loaded microneedles was evaluated by viable cell counts and microscopy and compared to free phages. The phages in microneedles were fairly stable for six months when stored at 4 °C, with minor decreases in phage titers observed. The geometry of the microneedles influenced the penetration and force-displacement characteristics but not the antimicrobial efficacy against biofilms. The two PVA microneedles loaded with phages reduced P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms by 2.44 to 2.76 log10 CFU·cm−2 at 24 h. These values are significantly higher than the result obtained after the treatment with the free phage (1.09 log10 CFU·cm−2). Overall, this study shows that the distribution of phages caused by the mechanical disruption of biofilms using dissolving microneedles can be an effective delivery method against topical biofilm-related skin infections.
Unveiling in-service teachers’ conceptions of ‘environment’ and ‘environmental education’: an Ethiopian perspective

Abstract Underpinned by the premise that teachers’ conceptions determine their lesson planning and instructional practices, the study elucidates the prevalent ideas of teachers about two basic constructs: environment and environmental education. The study applied a phenomenographic framework to identify patterns in the conceptions of 17 primary school teachers in Ethiopia. The analysis relating to conceptions of ‘environment’ distinguished three distinctive categories: (1) object-focused—environment as an isolated physical entity, (2) utility-based—environment as a resource for human benefit and well-being, and (3) interactional-environment as a web of relationships between humans and natural elements. Most teachers had an object-focused perspective. Teachers’ ideas about ‘environmental education’ similarly generated three core categories: (1) knowledge acquisition—in the form of environmental information to be passed on to pupils, (2) utilization of resources—as a means to exploit natural resources, and (3) care for the environment—as a key means by which to educate citizens about desired pro-environmental behaviours. The knowledge-centred category was the most dominant conception. Finally, the authors found that teachers who viewed the environment through an object lens understood environmental education as knowledge-centred education. The implications of these findings in informing professional development activities and directions for further research are presented.
The Generation, Composition and Fate of Landfill Leachate: A Review

The quantity of waste generated each year is in increase. Landfilling is one of the predominant methods for municipal waste disposal. Unfortunately, leachate is formed during the landfill operations. Therefore, proper management of leachate is essential to avoid unwanted impacts on the environment. In order to do that, the composition in relation to stage of generation should be studied. In this review, the generation and composition of leachate are highlighted.
Factor Retention Using Machine Learning With Ordinal Data

Determining the number of factors in exploratory factor analysis is probably the most crucial decision when conducting the analysis as it clearly influences the meaningfulness of the results (i.e., factorial validity). A new method called the Factor Forest that combines data simulation and machine learning has been developed recently. This method based on simulated data reached very high accuracy for multivariate normal data, but it has not yet been tested with ordinal data. Hence, in this simulation study, we evaluated the Factor Forest with ordinal data based on different numbers of categories (2–6 categories) and compared it to common factor retention criteria. It showed higher overall accuracy for all types of ordinal data than all common factor retention criteria that were used for comparison (Parallel Analysis, Comparison Data, the Empirical Kaiser Criterion and the Kaiser Guttman Rule). The results indicate that the Factor Forest is applicable to ordinal data with at least five categories (typical scale in questionnaire research) in the majority of conditions and to binary or ordinal data based on items with less categories when the sample size is large.
Low velocity spread axis encircling electron beam forming system

A novel electron gun and beamforming system for axis encircling electron beams has been designed. Simulations of the electron trajectories, including thermal velocities, have shown transverse and longitudinal velocity spreads of 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively, for a beam with an alpha of 2.1 and a 1.1 microperveance. The use of an asymmetric field reversal and an initially converging beam greatly reduces the length required for adiabatic compression of the beam. External control of the beam position and angular velocity makes it easy to optimize cyclotron-resonance-maser or peniotron interactions for differing radial cavity modes and cyclotron harmonics. Using this design, the beam radius, guiding center radius, annular width, alpha, and angular velocity can all be varied over a wide range by adjusting the gun electrode voltages and solenoid currents. The result is a short, flexible beamforming system which produces a low-velocity-spread, high-transverse-energy, axis-encircling electron beam. The computer codes used have yielded excellent correlation between simulation and experiment on a wide variety of gun designs. <<ETX>>
Staging and operability of primary lung cancer in Western Cape Province, South Africa

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally and in South Africa. Historically, the majority of patients diagnosed with lung cancer are incurable at presentation. Objectives To assess the tumour, nodes, metastasis (TNM) staging of lung cancer in a centre with access to both positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) using a structured diagnostic approach and to compare results with a historical cohort from 2009 from the same hospital. Methods A retrospective descriptive observational study was performed using the registry of a high-volume tertiary hospital’s weekly multidisciplinary thoracic oncology meeting (MDT). A structured diagnostic approach was used for staging purposes. All patients with a tissue diagnosis of primary lung cancer and adequate imaging (chest CT and/or PET-CT) who presented at the MDT during the period from 1 January - 31 December 2019 were included. Final staging and tissue diagnoses were documented and compared with a historical cohort from 2009 from the same institution. Results Adenocarcinoma was the most common subtype (38.8%; n=116). Less than a tenth of patients (6.3%; n=16/254) with non-small cell lung cancer had potentially curable lung cancer (stage IA to IIIA) at presentation, significantly less than the 2009 cohort (14.5%; n=25/173; p=0.007). The most common procedure administered on patients was transthoracic needle aspiration (37.54%; n=112), followed by conventional bronchoscopic needle aspiration or biopsy (20.4%; n=61), and EBUS-TBNA (17.1%; n=51/299). After PET-CT, 19/30 cases were upstaged including 9/18 from potentially resectable to unresectable. Two of these cases were down-staged to potentially resectable following EBUS-TBNA. Conclusion There was a significant decline in resectable and potentially curable lung cancer at presentation over a 10-year period. PET-CT and EBUS-TBNA improved the accuracy of non-small cell lung cancer staging among patients with resectable and potentially curable lung cancer but have exposed a higher stage profile.
Role of e-service quality, brand commitment and e-WOM trust on e-WOM intentions of millennials

ABSTRACT Although positive e-WOM plays a significant role in attracting new customers for e-tailers, there exists gap between the quantum of online purchases and e-WOM on e-tailer platforms. Hence, this study attempts to identify determinants of positive e-WOM on e-tailer platforms. Drawing on Stimulus Organism Response (SOR) theory, this study examines the relationship between outcome quality dimensions of e-service quality, brand commitment, e-WOM trust and customer satisfaction on positive e-WOM intention. Based on data collected from 303 millennials, order accuracy and timeliness have been identified as significant predictors of consumer satisfaction, e-WOM trust is positively related to positive e-WOM intention and brand commitment acts as a mediator in a satisfaction-intention relationship. With an ever-increasing prevalence of online shopping in developing countries, the study offers useful insights for both practitioners and academicians and throws open further scope of related research.
Teachers as human rights defenders: strengthening HRE and safeguarding theory to prevent child sexual abuse

Sexual abuse is a public health issue with long-term consequences for children’s lives and education. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is a key reference point in safeguarding, increasingly incorporated into domestic law. This article aims to strengthen safeguarding theory and practice by reviewing human rights education (HRE) theory and aligning it with care-based ethics. It proposes a renewed focus on HRE in teacher education that examines the teacher’s role and professional responsibilities, strengthens rights-based knowledge, and explores the transformative power of rights. By empowering teachers with skills to recognise and act on harmful sexual behaviour (HSB), they can become powerful human rights defenders, protecting children against child-on-child and adult-on-child abuse. Drawing on empirical data on teachers’ understandings of HSB, we apply theory, cautioning against an under-theorised approach that over-relies on rights knowledge or children’s ability to claim their rights in an emotionally charged arena with asymmetrical power relations.
Teacher Needs Management and Retention of Generation Y Teachers in Private Secondary Schools in Mukono District, Uganda

First-class employees are a rare species. Once found, retaining them is a big challenge, particularly if they belong to the Generation Y age group. Reports show that many Generation Y teachers are deserting private secondary schools for greener pastures elsewhere. This study enquires into the relationship between teacher needs management and retention of Generation Y teachers in private secondary schools of Mukono District (Uganda). The study employs a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected using a questionnaire, interview guide, and documentary review checklist. Results reveal that the three needs management areas have a significant and positive correlation with the retention of Generation Y teachers. However, only achievement needs management was strongly correlated. The study concludes that as far as the retention of Generation Y teachers is concerned, affiliation and power needs management play only an ancillary role. Achievement needs seem to house the ‘magic bullet’- particularly if accompanied by monetary rewards. Thus, for the retention of Generation Y teachers, schools should devise prompt monetary reward practices as a generation-specific retention strategy.
Effect of Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) on Testes of Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) Juveniles

Vernonia amygdalina has recently been linked to insecticidal and pesticidal properties that could replace the harmful agrochemical pesticide usage around the aquatic environment and to aquatic inhibitors such as fish. This study aimed to determine the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) on testes of Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) juveniles. The fishes were exposed to 0.00, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.60 g/L graded concentrations of aqueous crude leaves extract of Vernonia amygdalina for two months. The organ (testis) changes in antioxidant biomarkers’ histology, histomorphometry, and somatic indices compared with the control. There was the reduction in SOD, MDA and GSH activity as the concentration of the toxicant increased compared with the control. Mild interstitial oedema, mild tubular germ cell, interstitial cell depletions, severe depletion of seminiferous luminal content and sloughing off of the seminiferous tubular boundary tissue were observed in various concentrations of Vernonia amygdalina compared with the control. There was an increase in testis somatic indices as the plant extract concentration increased compared with the control. Bitter leaf extract was shown to have a toxic effect on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. As such, the pesticide use of the plants near the aquatic environment should be discouraged.
EFFECTS OF OIL FIELD SCALE DEPOSITION ON OIL PRODUCTION FROM HORIZONTAL WELLS

Flow assurance is a major concern to the petroleum industry, characterised by the numerous technical problems related to the dynamic nature of the produced effluents or by-products. These problems change gradually throughout the field’s life, periodically requiring adjustment of the solution. To mismanage is not only costly but can be devastating to the economics of a field. Flow assurance has been an emerging multi-disciplinary subject addressing the hydrocarbon production from offshore fields. The problem of plugging of production lines by hydrates, asphaltenes, paraffin or scales is considered, by operating companies, as one of the major problems in the development of oil/gas fields. This paper systematically presents an analytical model developed for predicting productivity of reservoir with incidence of scale deposition in the vicinity of horizontal wellbore.
Effect Of Tillage Method, Crop Residue And Nutrient Management On Growth And Yield Of Wheat In Rice-Wheat Cropping System At Bhairahawa Condition

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L), grown under traditional practices becoming less productive and less profitable in Nepal, due to ever-increasing input prices and intensive land preparation. A field experiment was conducted to find alternate practices for enhancing productivity of wheat at the National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa during the winter season of 2018/19 and 2019/20. The experiment plot was designed on strip-split plot design with 3 replications. Three tillage methods, surface seeding (SS), zero tillage (ZT), and conventional tillage (CT) were assigned in vertical strips with two levels of crop residue management: residue removed (R0) and residue retention (R50) in horizontal blocks, whereas three levels of nutrient management: recommended dose of NPK (F100), 25% higher dose of NPK (F125) and farmer’s practice (FP) were assigned in subplots. Data regarding growth, yield attributes, and yield were recorded and analyzed by Genstat. In the first year, ZT was better in terms of number of tillers at maximum tillering stage, maximum leaf area index, effective tiller per square meter, number of grain per spike, and straw yield compared to SS and CT; whereas in the second year SS was better in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield as compared to ZT and CT. In the first year, R(0) produced significantly higher straw yield but significantly lower harvest index (HI) than R(50) whereas in second year R(50) produced significantly higher thousand grain weight, grain yield and HI. The application of 25% more nutrients than the recommended dose resulted significantly better most of the growth, yield attributes, and yield during both years. On the average of two years, ZT produced more yield than CT and SS by 26.6% and 3.0% respectively. The short term ZT significantly increased the bulk density as compared to SS and CT. Based on the research results, it can be suggested that the traditional practices of wheat can be replaced by ZT with retention of previous crop residues and the application of 25% more nutrients than the recommended dose.
Continuous centrifugal microfluidics (CCM) isolates heterogeneous circulating tumor cells via full automation

Understanding cancer heterogeneity is essential to finding diverse genetic mutations in metastatic cancers. Thus, it is critical to isolate all types of CTCs to identify accurate cancer information from patients. Moreover, full automation robustly capturing the full spectrum of CTCs is an urgent need for CTC diagnosis to be routine clinical practice. Methods: Here we report the full capture of heterogeneous CTC populations using fully automated, negative depletion-based continuous centrifugal microfluidics (CCM). Results: The CCM system demonstrated high performance (recovery rates exceeding 90% and WBC depletion rate of 99.9%) across a wide range of phenotypes (EpCAM(+), EpCAM(-), small-, large-sized, and cluster) and cancers (lung, breast, and bladder). Applied in 30 lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, the system isolated diverse phenotypes of CTCs in marker expression and size, implying the importance of unbiased isolation. Genetic analyses of intra-patient samples comparing cell-free DNA with CCM-isolated CTCs yielded perfect concordance, and CTC enumeration using our technique was correlated with clinical progression as well as response to EGFR inhibitors. Conclusion: Our system also introduces technical advances which assure rapid, reliable, and reproducible results, thus enabling a more comprehensive application of robust CTC analysis in clinical practice.