Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estrus characteristics, ovarian response to synchronization hormones, and fertility of crossbred dairy heifers managed under a semi-intensive system

This study aimed to characterize estrus sign/s which best predict the time of ovulation and determine ovarian responses to different synchronization protocols and conception rates to fixed-time artificial insemination in Boran*Holstein crossbred heifers. In the first part of the study, twenty-seven heifers were observed for estrus signs (from induced and natural) and the relationship of various estrus signs with ovulation time was evaluated by using ultrasonography. In the second part, 91 Boran*Holstein crossbred heifers were randomly grouped into three groups. Group one heifers (n=28) received 100μg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on day zero (D0), 500μg prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on day 7 and 100μg of GnRH on day 9. Group 2 heifers (n=32) were treated as group one but additionally received progesterone as controlled internal drug release (CIDR). Group three heifers (n=31) were treated as those in group 2 but without injection with GnRH on day 0. In all the 3 groups’ insemination was made at 19h of the second GnRH. The results showed that irrespective of estrus source type (induced or natural), score for standing to be mounted, mounting other heifers, and non-receptive mount by other heifers showed a strong positive correlation with ovulation time (r=0.67, P<0.05). Standing estrus duration, and time elapsed from standing estrus to ovulation were shorter (P<0.05) in induced estrus. The conception rate was 39.3% in synchronized ovulation in the absence of CIDR. The conception rate in timed insemination was 56.3% when ovulation was synchronized by combining CIDR, PGF2α, and GnRH. In conclusion injection of GnRH on day zero together with treatment with CIDR improved ovulation rate, the number of new corpus luteum, and conception rate. Heifers that ovulated within the first 24h after timed insemination had a higher (P<0.05) conception rate than heifers ovulated after 24h of timed insemination. Cycling heifers at day zero had a greater (P<0.05) conception rate than non-cycling.
Variations of Movement, Dispersal, and Morphometrics among Subpopulations of Javan Endemic Damselfly, Drepanosticta spatulifera (Odonata: Platystictidae) in Petungkriyono Forest

Drepanosticta spatulifera is a Javan endemic damselfly. The population is spread unevenly in the Petungkriyono Forest and is threatened due to environmental pressure. The aims of this research are to know the variation of the movement, dispersal, and morphometric among subpopulations of D. spatulifera. Movement and dispersal variation data collection was done using Mark Release Recapture (MRR) for six weeks from early August until mid-September 2020. The collection of morphometric samples was done during the last week of the MRR survey and 46 individuals were measured with 12 continuous characters. During the MRR survey, 596 males of D. spatulifera were marked and 302 were recaptured. D. spatulifera had short movement and dispersal thus no individuals were found across the subpopulations. The distance moved of successive capture and net lifetime movement were dominantly less or equal to five meters. The duration of the MRRsurvey had a low correlation with the dispersal distance of D. spatulifera. In themorphometric variations, closer subpopulations tended to have a similar cluster ofmorphometric characters. Variation of distance moved between successive captureand wing size from Mangli Stream was significantly different from other sites. Thesubpopulation of Mangli, the farthest and higher altitude of the sites, had thehighest distance move, more disperse, and the largest wing size. Our study showedthat D. spatulifera was extremely sedentary damselfly. It will enhance inbreeding andvulnerability to extinction. Therefore, the interaction between the subpopulationsof D. spatulifera in the Petungkriyono Forest needs to be done more.
Effect of Lubricant Starvation on the Tribo-Dynamic Behavior of Linear Roller Guideway

This paper presents an experimentally validated numerical approach linear roller guideways considering coupled vertical and horizontal (feed) motions and taking into account lubricant starvation. The inlet starvation is considered by incorporating potential flow method. Results show that starvation has pronounced effect on the lubricant film thickness, friction, and applied load on contact by up to 32%. Localised pressure values may vary by up to 100%. The severity of starvation effect is frequency dependent. It is also revealed that the starvation effect can be controlled by the amount of preload on linear guideway.
Optimal Allocation of Vaccine and Antiviral Drugs for Influenza Containment over Delayed Multiscale Epidemic Model considering Time-Dependent Transmission Rate

In this study, two types of epidemiological models called “within host” and “between hosts” have been studied. The within-host model represents the innate immune response, and the between-hosts model signifies the SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered) epidemic model. The major contribution of this paper is to break the chain of infectious disease transmission by reducing the number of susceptible and infected people via transferring them to the recovered people group with vaccination and antiviral treatment, respectively. Both transfers are considered with time delay. In the first step, optimal control theory is applied to calculate the optimal final time to control the disease within a host's body with a cost function. To this end, the vaccination that represents the effort that converts healthy cells into resistant-to-infection cells in the susceptible individual's body is used as the first control input to vaccinate the susceptible individual against the disease. Moreover, the next control input (antiviral treatment) is applied to eradicate the concentrations of the virus and convert healthy cells into resistant-to-infection cells simultaneously in the infected person's body to treat the infected individual. The calculated optimal time in the first step is considered as the delay of vaccination and antiviral treatment in the SEIR dynamic model. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle in the second step, an optimal control strategy is also applied to an SEIR mathematical model with a nonlinear transmission rate and time delay, which is computed as optimal time in the first step. Numerical results are consistent with the analytical ones and corroborate our theoretical results.
Financial determinants of SMEs performance. Evidence from Kenya leather industry

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are one of the buoyant businesses in the global economy with abundant resources that have not been fully exploited. Despite several revelations on the challenges of SMEs, little to none have comprehensively captured financial factors affecting the performance of SMEs, particularly, in the Kenyan leather sector. This study explores financial factors that are affecting the performance of SMEs using the case of the leather industry sector in Kenya. The study data was collected by administering questionnaires to 300 respondents who were randomly chosen from SMEs within Kenyan leather sector. The study found that financial literacy, credit access and tax are statistically significant financial factors affecting the performances of SMEs. As a result, the study recommends that Government should increase its commitment to develop SMEs by offering favorable tax rates and tax exemptions to SMEs especially those in the leather sector of Kenya. Also, SMEs should heighten their financial literacy which will help augment their access to credit.
Is Greenfield Investment Greener for the Welfare of Lower-Middle Income Countries? Market based Empirical Analysis with GMM Approach

Globalization is considered as the catalyst for the progress of economic activities and economic development of lower-middle-income countries. Greenfield investment not only promotes welfare but also helps in the health and education sector of these countries. This study examined thirty-four (34) sampled countries of the lower-middle-income group from different regions for a time span of 1998-2017. Im, Pesaran and Shin (2003) test is applied for testing panel unit root and one step system GMM technique is applied for the complete data analysis. The results of the study concluded that greenfield investment has increased economic growth and helped to push the welfare activities of sampled countries. Besides the increase in economic growth and welfare, greenfield investment also brings improvement in the health and education sectors through the transfer of new and advanced technologies from the developed nation firms to the host countries. Therefore, lower-middle-income countries must approve soft and friendly economic and business policies for the attraction of foreign investors from abroad. Such policies will help in promoting and increasing economic activities and economic development of the sampled countries.
Cracks Formation in Lithium-Rich Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries during the Electrochemical Process

The lithium-rich Li[Li0.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13]O2 nanoplates were synthesized using a molten-salt method. The nanoplates showed an initial reversible discharge capacity of 233 mA·h·g−1, with a fast capacity decay. The morphology and micro-structural change, after different cycles, were studied by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to understand the mechanism of the capacity decay. Our results showed that the cracks generated from both the particle surface and the inner, and increased with long-term cycling at 0.1 C rate (C = 250 mA·g−1), together with the layered to spinel and rock-salt phase transitions. These results show that the cracks and phase transitions could be responsible for the capacity decay. The results will help us to understand capacity decay mechanisms, and to guide our future work to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-rich cathode materials.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Background: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has been recently approved for advanced, metastatic, or progressive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Objective: This study reports the adverse events (AEs) observed with patient-tailored administered activity. Methods: Fifty-two PRRT naive patients were treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE. The administered activity ranges between 2.78 and 5.55 GBq/cycle using the patient's unique characteristics (age, symptoms, blood work, and biomarkers). Results: The protocol was well tolerated with the overwhelming majority of participants being forty-six (88%), completing all 4 induction therapy cycles. The median cumulative administered activity was 19.6 GBq (ranged 3.8-22.3 GBq). A total of 42/52 (81%) reported at least one symptom, and 43/52 (83%) had evidence of biochemical abnormality at enrollment that would meet grade 1 or 2 criteria for AEs. These symptoms only slightly increase with treatment to 50/52 (96%) and 51/52 (98%), respectively. The most common symptoms were mild fatigue (62%), shortness of breath (50%), nausea (44%), abdominal pain (38%), and musculoskeletal pain (37%). The most common biomarker abnormalities were mild anemia (81%), reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (58%), increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (50%), and leukopenia (37%). Of critical importance, no 177Lu-DOTATATE related grade 3 or 4 AEs were observed. Conclusion: Tailoring the administered activity of 177Lu-DOTATATE to the individual patient with a variety of NETs is both safe and well-tolerated. No patient developed severe grade 3 or 4 AEs. Most patients exhibit symptoms or biochemical abnormality before treatment and this only slightly worsens following induction therapy.
Effect of 50-Hz Magnetic Fields on Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Bone Marrow Cells

Background: Exposure to an increasing amount of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (MFs) causes some adverse effects. Considering a direct association between the sizes and numbers of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) and cell proliferation, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 50-Hz MFs on the AgNORs of bone marrow (BM) cells. Methods: Eighty male rats were randomly divided into four exposed groups and one control group. The exposed groups received 50-Hz MFs with magnetic flux densities of 1, 100, 500, and 2000 µT two hours a day for two months. BM cells were aspirated from sacrificed rats’ femoral bones, smeared on glass slides, and then stained with silver nitrate for AgNORs. The area (AA), length (AL), and number (AN) of AgNORs were calculated by a microscope equipped with a camera and Scion Image software in 100 BM cells of each rat. The mean of AA, AL, and AN was computed for each group. Results: AA, AL, and AN significantly reduced in the 1 µT group compared with 2000 µT and control groups. Eventually, there was a nonlinear relationship between the effect of 50-Hz MFs and magnetic flux densities. Conclusion: Overall, 50-Hz MFs with a magnetic flux density of 1 µT reduced AgNORs in BM cells. However, 100, 500, and 2000 µT did not affect AgNORs. Therefore, 50-Hz MFs with low density may suppress BM cell proliferation.
Survival rate after paraquat poisoning: impact of emergency clinical and laboratory variables

Objective: to analyze the association of survival to emergency care measures, clinical symptoms and biochemical markers used for paraquat intoxicated patients. Methods: retrospective cohort, guided by the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology tool. The data collection and analysis protocol were based on two phases: first, with the survey of the investigation forms of exogenous poisoning from the Secretariat of Epidemiological Surveillance; second, with the analysis of information in printed medical records. Results: of the 36 (100%) patients investigated, 19 (53.0%) survived; regarding the clinical manifestations, there was statistical significance for the respiratory system (p=0.003); regarding the biochemical variables, there was statistical significance for liver enzymes. The initial emergency measures 13(56.5%) of survivors received gastric lavage with activated charcoal. Conclusion: we observed a lack of efficacy of the impacts of emergency care measures and medications in increasing patient survival.
Effect of the Bracing System on the Probability of Collapse of Steel Structures under Maximum Credible Earthquake

Simple bracing frames can be divided into two types in terms of concentric or eccentric. Concentric bracing frames are frames that intersect with other structural members at one point in the structure along the bracing members. Otherwise, the braced frame will be eccentric. It is said empirically that due to this type of shaping, eccentric bracing frames exhibit more ductile behavior and concentric bracing frames exhibit more stiff behavior. This behavioral difference caused this study to be numerically computing for five frames, including unique concentric and eccentric bracing frames of 5 and 10 stories and an ordinary 5-story concentric bracing frame. Their tensions and drift ratios should be acceptable for the use of residential buildings. Using the primary two steps of the new PEER probabilistic framework, namely, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and structural analysis, which leads to the drawing of fragility curves, the probability of collapse is obtained to compare the safety capability of these frames according to their different characteristics against earthquakes. The results show that increasing the ductility or increasing the number of floors or the height of these systems can reduce collapse. Also, according to the results of the probability of collapse obtained in frames with 5-story concentric bracing frames, it can be said that some of the current regulations, which work based on previous approaches of analysis, can lead to unsafe structures with a high probability of collapse.
Country-Level Size Effects in International Asset Pricing

This paper investigates whether small markets offer higher risk-adjusted expected returns using a large set of developed and emerging markets over a time span of up to four decades. The results show that expected returns are significantly lower in larger markets, an effect more pronounced in emerging rather than developed countries. The relationship between size effects and the level of market segmentation in emerging countries is further explored in the context of financial market integration. The size premium is strong and persistent over time independently of the (fading) segmentation premium documented in the literature. Markets size effects remain statistically and economically significant in the presence of various control factors and account for up to 1% per year in terms of expected returns in emerging countries.
All missing Ramsey numbers for trees versus the four-page book

For the Ramsey number r ( T n , B m ) , where T n denotes a tree of order n and B m denotes the m -page book K 2 + K m , it is known that r ( T n , B m ) = 2 n − 1 if n ≥ 3 m − 3 . In case of n < 3 m − 3 , r ( T n , B m ) has not been completely evaluated except for m ≤ 3 . Here we determine the missing values of r ( T n , B 4 ) . Our results close one gap in the table of the Ramsey numbers r ( T n , G ) for all trees T n and all connected graphs G of order six.
PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE IN SELECTED PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Purpose: This study sought to assess the prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy and associated risk factors among women attending antenatal care clinics in selected Pubic Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: The research employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design. Study population was pregnant women who attended ANC care in selected hospital. The respondents were randomly selected from Tikur Anbesa specialized, Zewuditu Memorial and St. Paul’s Millennium medical college hospitals. Respondents for interview were selected using systematic random sampling at an interval of nine until a sample size of 297 was reached. The study used an adopting both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires from pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics while qualitative data was collected using key informant interview schedules and Focused Group Discussion guides with Nurses in charge of antenatal care clinics and primary respondents respectively. Key informants and focused group discussants were purposively selected. Descriptive data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 with the aid of Microsoft Excel program to generate frequency tables, graphs and pie-charts. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis and results triangulated with quantitative data as direct quotes or narrations. Inferential statistics were calculated using Chi-Square tests done at 95% confidence interval and a margin of error of 0.05 to establish the association between variables. Information generated were presented in the text in the form of tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Results: The study results revealed that the prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension in Addis Ababa was 21.9%. Socio-demographic factors such as age (p=0.030), occupation (p=0.031), income (p=0.0014), highest level of education (p=0.001) and health insurance (p=0.001) were significantly associated with occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy. Rreproductive and obstetric factors such as age at first pregnancy (p=0.001), gravidity (p=0.046), parity (p=0.001), history of obesity (p=0.001) and occurrence of gestational diabetes (p=0.002) were significantly associated with hypertension in pregnancy. More than a half (51.9%) of respondents had negative attitude towards hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. The level of attitude (p=0.040) was significantly associated with occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the management of the 3 health facilities together with other stakeholders in health empower women to start income generating projects to increase their financial access to antenatal care services consequently reduces hindrances that may lead to pregnancy complications such as hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
Latitudinal Variation into the Macrofaunal Assemblages Associated to Zostera noltei Seagrass along the Atlantic Coast of Morocco

Large-scale research on seagrass-associated benthic fauna is very important for future regional marine conservation. In our study, we investigated spatial and latitudinal variation of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages associated to Zostera noltei Hornemann, 1832 beds from five semi-enclosed coastal systems (SECSs) ranging from 23°N to 34°N along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Overall, 17,320 individuals were reported as belonging to 96 taxa. The ecological community descriptors differ significantly at the level of the site. Specific richness showed an inconsistent significant pattern with latitude. The multivariate analyses of the assemblage’s composition showed 57% of total variation observed in benthic assemblages, while the PERMANOVA analysis confirmed that this variation is significant at the level of the site. According to DistLM results, variations in belowground biomass, and percentage of mud, were the important predictor variables explaining this variation along the large scale of the studied SECS. However, such patterns could be related to other factors such as habitat heterogeneity and regional, biogeographic, and anthropogenic factors. The present study marked the first attempt on broad-scale ecological research of seagrass beds in Morocco and offers baseline data for planning the broad-scale conservation of biodiversity in seagrass beds that remain suffering from multiple human-induced threats such as coastal developments and climate change.
Etiological profile of short stature in rural Rajasthan

Background: Short stature is one of the most common referrals to pediatric endocrinology clinics. Approximately 3% of children in any population are found to be short. Aim: This study aims to determine the etiology of short stature and their frequency of occurrence in 2–18 years old rural pediatric population and to classify the patients with short stature using anthropometric measurements. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 patients (age: 2–18 years) were diagnosed with short stature and admitted in pediatric ward. After meticulous history collection and complete physical examination, relevant investigations were performed in all the study subjects. Appropriate statistical analysis was carried out with the collected data. Results: Out of 400 study subjects, 70.50% were boys (male: female=2.33:1). Majority (n=241, 60.5%) of the affected children were in the age group of 2–<6 years and 7–<10 years. Of the 400 study subjects, 95% of cases (n=380) were classified as having proportionate short stature and the rest (n=20, 5%) had disproportionate short stature. Undernutrition (n=117, 29.25%) and familial short stature (n=90, 22.50%) were the leading causes of short stature. Conclusion: The current study helped to determine the etiological profile of short stature in children of adjoining rural population and in devising appropriate strategies for management and prevention.