Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomic surveillance of malaria parasites in an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon

Hard-to-reach communities represent Peru’s main challenge for malaria elimination, but information about transmission in these areas is scarce. Here, we assessed Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) transmission dynamics, resistance markers, and Pf hrp2/3 deletions in Nueva Jerusalén (NJ), a remote, indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon with high population mobility. We collected samples from November 2019 to May 2020 by active (ACD) and passive case detection (PCD) in NJ. Parasites were identified with microscopy and PCR. Then, we analyzed a representative set of positive-PCR samples (Pv = 68, Pf = 58) using highly-multiplexed deep sequencing assays (AmpliSeq) and compared NJ parasites with ones from other remote Peruvian areas using population genetics indexes. The ACD intervention did not reduce malaria cases in the short term, and persistent malaria transmission was observed (at least one Pv infection was detected in 96% of the study days). In Nueva Jerusalen, the Pv population had modest genetic diversity (He = 0.27). Pf population had lower diversity (He = 0.08) and presented temporal clustering, one of these clusters linked to an outbreak in February 2020. Moreover, Pv and Pf parasites from NJ exhibited variable levels of differentiation (Pv Fst = –0.52 & Pf Fst = 0.11–0.58) with parasites from other remote areas. No artemisin resistance mutations but chloroquine (57%) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (35–67%) were detected in NJ’s Pf parasites. Moreover, pfhrp2/3 gene deletions were common (32–50% of parasites with one or both genes deleted). The persistent Pv transmission and the detection of a Pf outbreak with parasites genetically distinct from the local ones highlight the need for tailored interventions focusing on mobility patterns and imported infections in remote areas to eliminate malaria in the Peruvian Amazon.
Distribution of maternal risk factors for orofacial cleft in infants in Indonesia: a multicenter prospective study

Background The pathogenesis of orofacial cleft (OFC) is multifactorial, involving both genetic and non-genetic factors, the latter of which play a key role in the development of these anomalies. This paper addresses the incidence of OFC in Indonesia, with a focus on identifying and examining the distribution of contributory factors, including parental medical history, pregnancy history, and environmental influences. Methods The study was conducted through the collection of primary data. An interdisciplinary research team from Indonesia administered a standardized questionnaire to parents who had children with OFC and who had provided informed consent. The case group comprised 133 children born with cleft lip and/or palate, and the control was 133 noncleft children born full-term. The risk factors associated with OFC anomalies were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25. A p-value of 0.05 or less was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results The study comprised 138 children, of whom 82 were boys (59.4%) and 56 were girls (40.6%). Among them, 45 patients (32.6%) presented with both cleft lip and cleft palate, 25 individuals (18.1%) had a cleft palate only, and 28 patients (20.3%) had a cleft lip only. OFC was found to be significantly associated with a maternal family history of congenital birth defects (p< 0.05), complications during the first trimester (p< 0.05), consumption of local fish (p< 0.05), caffeine intake (p< 0.05), prolonged medication use (p< 0.05), immunization history (p< 0.05), passive smoking (p< 0.05), and X-ray exposure during pregnancy (p< 0.05). Conclusion The findings indicate close relationships between the incidence of OFC and maternal medical history, prenatal factors, and environmental influences.
A comparative study of monthly mean daily clear sky radiation over India

An attempt has been made to analyze the three years measured data of different Indian cities and to develop a new set of equations to estimate the monthly mean daily clear sky radiation over India. The statistical analysis has been used for present study. The comparison of present estimates has been made with various earlier proposed models. The root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE) have also been computed to test the accuracy of the proposed equations. The percentage of MBE with new constant for all stations under consideration is varying from 0.22 to 2.09 % while RMSE is varies from 2.22 to 10.37%. It is found that in comparison to other models, the results with new proposed equations estimates better for the climate of India. Copyright © 2010 International Energy and Environment Foundation - All rights reserved.
Do CMIP5 Models Reproduce Observed Low‐Frequency North Atlantic Jet Variability?

The magnitude of observed multidecadal variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in winter is at the upper end of the range simulated by climate models and a clear explanation for this remains elusive. Recent research shows that observed multidecadal winter NAO variability is more strongly associated with North Atlantic (NA) jet strength than latitude, thus motivating a comprehensive comparison of NA jet and NAO variability across the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. Our results show that the observed peak in multidecadal jet strength variability is even more unusual than NAO variability when compared to the model‐simulated range across 133 historical CMIP5 simulations. Some CMIP5 models appear capable of reproducing the observed low‐frequency peak in jet strength, but there are too few simulations of each model to clearly identify which. It is also found that an observed strong multidecadal correlation between jet strength and NAO since the mid‐nineteenth century may be specific to this period.
Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate in Clayey Sediments—Laboratory Formation, Morphology, and Wave Characterization

Fine‐grained sediments host more than 90% of gas hydrates on Earth. However, the fundamental properties of hydrate‐bearing silty and clayey sediments are much less understood than those of hydrate‐bearing sands, mainly due to the experimental challenges in synthesizing gas hydrate in fine‐grained sediments in the laboratory as the way they form in nature. This study forms tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate in kaolinite, visualizes the hydrate distribution and morphology using X‐ray computed tomography, and uses P and S waves to characterize the formed hydrate‐bearing clayey sediments. The results show that THF hydrate formed in clay is innately segregated and heterogeneous, no longer as a pore constituent as in sandy sediments. Hydrate nucleation, growth, and distribution in clays are dominated by the thermal condition and constrained by water activity and mass transport, which can result in low stoichiometric‐solution‐to‐hydrate conversion ratios of approximately 0.4–0.7. Thus, the estimation of hydrate volume in clays based on the mass of stoichiometric solution can be erroneous. The heterogeneity in hydrate‐bearing clays imposes challenges in wave velocity based characterization. The bulk elastic properties of hydrate‐bearing clays can be well predicted using the self‐consistent model. Specimens with higher hydrate volume fraction VFh show higher wave attenuations Q−1, highlighting the dominant role of THF hydrate in the wave attenuation of hydrate‐bearing clays. The results suggest that Qp−1 = 0.08 + 0.4VFh = 2Qs−1, which underlines the potential of using wave attenuation based methods to quantify the hydrate volume fraction in clayey sediments.
Distribuição espacial de vermetídeos (Mollusca: Gastropoda) no Atol das Rocas, Atlântico Sul equatorial Spatial distribution of vermetids (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Rocas Atoll, Equatorial South Atlantic

2 ). Palavras-chave: Atol das Rocas. Bioconstrucao marinha. Vermetideos. Conchas. Hidrodinâmica. Abstract: The Rocas Atoll is a biogenic reef located 266 km from the brazilian northeast coast. Its carbonate structure is formed by corals, calcareous algae, foraminifers and vermetids. Such studied vermetid species are indicators of the sea level and of intertidal or immediately subtidal paleoenvironments, being able to contribute to elucidate the geological history of the only atoll of the South Atlantic. Despite its importance as bioconstructors, there are few studies on the systematics and distribution of these mollusks in this oceanic reef system. Data was obtained on the species, density and distribution leeward and windward from the encrusting taphocoenosis. The species Dendropoma irregulare (d'Orbigny, 1842) and Petaloconchus varians (d'Orbigny, 1841) were recognized in different sectors of the reef system, mainly in the windward sector (0,26 ± 0,04 ind/cm 2 ). In the wave-dominated side of the depositional system occur a lower bioaccumulation of the fossilized shells (0,11 ± 0,02 ind/cm 2 ).
Modeling the Seasonal Cycle of Iron and Carbon Fluxes in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica

Abstract The Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) is distinguished by having the highest net primary production per unit area in the coastal Antarctic. Recent studies have related this high productivity to the presence of fast‐melting ice shelves, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. In this study we describe the first numerical model of the ASP to represent explicitly the ocean‐ice interactions, nitrogen and iron cycles, and the coastal circulation at high resolution. The study focuses on the seasonal cycle of iron and carbon, and the results are broadly consistent with field observations collected during the summer of 2010–2011. The simulated biogeochemical cycle is strongly controlled by light availability(dictated by sea ice, phytoplankton self‐shading, and variable sunlight). The micronutrient iron exhibits strong seasonality, where scavenging by biogenic particles and remineralization play large compensating roles. Lateral fluxes of iron are also important to the iron budget, and our results confirm the key role played by inputs of dissolved iron from the buoyancy‐driven circulation of melting ice shelf cavities (the “meltwater pump”). The model suggests that westward flowing coastal circulation plays two important roles: it provides additional iron to the ASP and it collects particulate organic matter generated by the bloom and transports it to the west of the ASP. As a result, maps of vertical particulate organic matter fluxes show highest fluxes in shelf regions located west of the productive central ASP. Overall, these model results improve our mechanistic understanding of the ASP bloom, while suggesting testable hypotheses for future field efforts.
World Journal of Psychiatry

As one of the most famous large language models, ChatGPT has great potential for application in physical education. It can provide personalized exercise plans, a variety of exercise options, and interactive support. The integration of ChatGPT into the teaching process can promote college students’ participation in physical activities and improve their mental health while expanding the traditional teaching environment and promoting the reform of traditional teaching methods. However, the application of ChatGPT faces challenges and obstacles in physical education. To make full use of ChatGPT in physical education, it can be combined with wearable devices and sports equipment to enhance the efficiency of interactions with users. Relevant policies are urgently needed to avoid the improper use of users’ data.
Biocontrol of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Enterobacter asburiae AEB30 on intact cantaloupe melons

Abstract Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes >73,000 foodborne illnesses in the United States annually, many of which have been associated with fresh ready‐to‐eat produce including cantaloupe melons. In this study, we created a produce‐associated bacterial (PAB) library containing >7500 isolates and screened them for the ability to inhibit the growth of E. coli O157:H7 using an in vitro fluorescence‐based growth assay. One isolate, identified by 16S and whole‐genome sequence analysis as Enterobacter asburiae, was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli by ~30‐fold in vitro and produced zones of inhibition between 13 and 21 mm against 12 E. coli outbreak strains in an agar spot assay. We demonstrated that E. asburiae AEB30 was able to grow, persist and inhibit the growth of E. coli on cantaloupe melons under simulated pre‐ and post‐harvest conditions. Analysis of the E. asburiae AEB30 genome revealed an operon encoding a contact‐dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system that when mutated resulted in the loss of E. coli growth inhibition. These data suggest that E. asburiae AEB30 is a potential biocontrol agent to prevent E. coli contamination of cantaloupe melons in both pre‐ and post‐harvest environments and that its mode of action is via a CDI system.
Asian flush is a potential protective factor against COVID-19: a web-based retrospective survey in Japan

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in December 2019, spread worldwide in a short period, resulting in numerous cases and associated deaths; however, the toll was relatively low in East Asia. A genetic polymorphism unique to East Asians, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 rs671, has been reported to confer protection against infections. Method We retrospectively investigated the association between the surrogate marker of the rs671 variant, the skin flushing phenomenon after alcohol consumption, and the timing of COVID-19 incidence using a web-based survey tool to test any protective effects of rs671 against COVID-19. Results A total of 807 valid responses were received from 362 non-flushers and 445 flushers. During the 42 months, from 12/1/2019 to 5/31/2023, 40.6% of non-flushers and 35.7% of flushers experienced COVID-19. Flushers tended to have a later onset (Spearman’s partial rank correlation test, p = 0.057, adjusted for sex and age). Similarly, 2.5% of non-flushers and 0.5% of flushers were hospitalized because of COVID-19. Survival analysis estimated lower risks of COVID-19 and associated hospitalization among flushers (p = 0.03 and <0.01, respectively; generalized Wilcoxon test). With the Cox proportional hazards model covering 21 months till 8/31/2021, when approximately half of the Japanese population had received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of COVID-19 incidence was estimated to be 0.21 (0.10–0.46) for flusher versus non-flusher, with adjustment for sex, age, steroid use, and area of residence. Conclusions Our study suggests an association between the flushing phenomenon after drinking and a decreased risk of COVID-19 morbidity and hospitalization, suggesting that the rs671 variant is a protective factor. This study provides valuable information for infection control and helps understand the unique constitutional diversity of East Asians. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.23-00361.
Correlation analysis between plasma biomarkers albumin, fibrinogen, and their ratio with postoperative delirium in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the correlation between plasma biomarkers, such as albumin and fibrinogen, and their ratio with postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. METHODS Relevant observational cohort studies were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases as of March 2023. This meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. 1 and Stata 15.0 software. For continuous variables with non-uniform units, the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used; otherwise, the mean difference (MD) and 95% CIs were employed. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied to assess the quality of included literature. RESULTS Eighteen studies encompassing 7,011 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed significantly lower albumin levels (sixteen studies, 5,813 patients, SMD = -0.45, 95% CI = -0.64 to -0.26, P < 0.00001, I2 = 80%) and albumin-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) (four studies, 824 patients, MD = -0.62, 95% CI = -0.76 to -0.48, P = 0.56, I2 = 0%) in the delirious group. Conversely, higher fibrinogen concentrations (two studies, 441 patients, MD = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.24, P = 0.69, I2 = 0%) were observed in the delirious group. Due to high heterogeneity in albumin levels (P < 0.00001, I2 = 80%), we conducted a subgroup and sensitivity analysis, and confirmed that the association of albumin levels was not influenced by surgery type, design or delirium evaluation instruments. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative albumin, fibrinogen and AFR levels were associated with POD, potentially aiding in identifying high-risk patients and playing a key role in preventing POD.
Vehicle-Derived Heavy Metals and Human Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Communities along Mubi-Yola Highway in Adamawa State (Nigeria)

In this study, the health risk caused by heavy metals exposure to communities along Mubi-Yola highways was evaluated. Samples from Mubi, Hong, Gombi, Song, and Gerei were collected and analyzed for Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Cupper (Cu), and Nickel (Ni) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentrations of the metals used for the risk assessment were observed to fall in this order Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu>Cd>Cr. The non-carcinogenic risk based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) and human health index (HI) values for each exposure pathway and for each metal were observed to be less than (<) 1 which means, exposure to the heavy metals has no immediate risks for both the adults and children in the settlements. The lifetime cancer risk (CRI) for the metals for both the ingestion (CRIIng) and inhalation (CRIInh) exposure pathways were observed to pose no lifetime carcinogenic risk. The CRI for all the exposure pathways and for all age categories were <10-4. Similarly, the combine effect or total cancer risk (TCRI) for each exposure pathway show high probability for carcinogenic risk by ingestion route compared to exposure by inhalation. The order of exposure were observed to be adults<children. Though the CRI and TCRI results were observed to be within the acceptable range for developing cancer, the result however suggest that children could be more susceptible to potential carcinogenic risk following continual exposure to heavy metals from vehicular activity. Indicating some concern about the expansion of unregulated settlements along heavy traffic highways.
Acoustic Reflectivity From Variously Oriented Orthorhombic Media: Analogies to Seismic Responses From a Fractured Anisotropic Crust

The variations in the strength of seismic reflections with both angles of incidence and azimuth are being used to constrain the orientations and degrees of mechanical anisotropy of geological formations. This information is often used in turn to infer the directions of fracturing and stress usually assuming simplified geological structures that in many cases are not realistic. In order to further understand this problem, the reflectivities from a set of variously titled samples cut from a single block of a common anisotropic composite material are measured with both angles of incidence and azimuth in the laboratory. Each sample is analogous to a formation in which the fracture sets increasingly dip. The observed responses differ from plane wave theory due to the finite nature of the experiment. However, the deviations are well accounted for by modeling the acoustic reflectivity using its bounded pulse. As expected, the reflectivities vary with the sample tilt, the angle of incidence, and the azimuth at which the measurements are made. However, some of these responses, such as the precritical reflectivities, do not appear to strongly vary with azimuth for a given sample. Critical angle phenomena, too, must be used cautiously as the observed reflectivity peaks do not lie at the exact critical angle. These results suggest that reflectivities could be an important source of information with regard to the spatial orientation of anisotropic layer.
A REVIEW OF SINTERING IN SEASONAL SNOW

Abstract : Strength and electrical pathways develop in snow as bonds grow among grains. Strong ice-to-ice bonds form in wet snow at low liquid contents but not in highly saturated wet snow. In freely draining wet snow, grain clusters form, and these require a certain configuration among the three phases of water. This depends somewhat on the number of grains in the cluster, but always leads to bonding. In dry snow, bonds form more slowly, but considerable strength can develop as long as rounded grains develop. The rate of bond growth is probably controlled by the temperature gradient, because both grains and bonds are observed to grow very slowly in dry snow in the absence of a temperature gradient. The basic shape of the bonds is dictated by the geometrical requirements of grain-boundary grooves and is not a simple concave neck. In dry snow, this shape, and possibly the processes, have been misunderstood.
Prognostic implications of premature ventricular contractions and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in light-chain cardiac amyloidosis

Abstract Aims Premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) are commonly observed in light chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA), but their association with prognosis is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PVCs and NSVT in patients with moderate-to-advanced AL-CA. Methods and results We retrospectively included patients with AL-CA at modified 2004 Mayo stages II-IIIb between February 2014 and December 2020. Twenty-four-hour Holter recordings were assessed on admission. The outcomes included (i) new onset of adverse ventricular arrhythmia (VA) or sudden cardiac death (SCD) and (ii) cardiac death during follow-up. Of the 143 patients studied (60.41 ± 11.06 years, male 64.34%), 132 (92.31%) had presence of PVC, and 50 (34.97%) had NSVT on Holter. Twelve (8.4%) patients died in hospital and 131 patients were followed up (median 24.4 months), among whom 71 patients had cardiac death, and 15 underwent adverse VA/SCD. NSVT [hazard ratio (HR): 13.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.06–60.18, P < 0.001], log-transformed PVC counts (HR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.15–1.86, P = 0.002) and PVC burden (HR: 1.43 95%CI:1.14–1.80, P = 0.002) were predictive of new onset of adverse VA/SCD. The highest tertile of PVC counts (HR: 2.33, 95%CI: 1.27–4.28, P = 0.006) and PVC burden (HR: 2.58, 95%CI: 1.42–4.69, P = 0.002), rather than NSVT (HR: 1.16, 95%CI: 0.67–1.98, P = 0.603), was associated with cardiac death. Higher PVC counts/burden provided incremental value on modified 2004 Mayo stage in predicting cardiac death, with C index increasing from 0.681 to 0.712 and 0.717, respectively (P values <0.05). Conclusion PVC count, burden, and NSVT significantly correlated with adverse VA/SCD during follow-up in patients with AL-CA. Higher PVC counts/burdens added incremental value for predicting cardiac death.