Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of replenished lipase on postcibal absorption of fat in a canine model of pancreatic insufficiency.

: Clinical studies indicate that as little as 10% of pancreatic secretory capacity is needed to ensure normal digestion; but we found previously that supplying lipase to the postcibal duodenum at > or = 10% of normal rates did not normalize fat absorption in pancreatic insufficiency. Therefore, we examined the dose-response of endogenous lipase on fat absorption. Pancreatic juice was excluded and returned in varied amounts to the postcibal duodenum in dogs with pancreatic fistulas. Meals contained margarine labeled with digestible [14C]triolein and indigestible [3H]glyceroltriether. With an isotope ratio method, we estimated the amount of radiotriolein absorbed hourly from chyme collected for 6 h after a meal from midgut fistulas. When all pancreatic juice was excluded, there was almost no absorption. When 10 or 20% of pancreatic juice was returned, approximately 80% of triolein was absorbed by the midgut, compared with 90% absorption when all pancreatic juice was instilled. However, we observed that at 10 and 20% replenishments, the amount of triolein absorbed in the first hour was much less than in subsequent hours, and thus that absorptive efficiency varied with the fraction of fat emptied from the stomach during the first hour. At rates of 10 or 20% of normal, lipase was equally effective, whether from endogenous juice or exogenous pancreatin.
The Teamwork Components Model: An Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling

THE TEAMWORK COMPONENTS MODEL: AN ANALYSIS USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING Rebecca Rosenstein Old Dominion University, 1994 Director: Dr. Terry L. Dickinson As the world increases in complexity, teams have assumed greater importance in the work place as a method used by organizations to cope with global competition and technological progress. Thus, an understanding of team processes and outcomes has become critical to individuals who study and work in organizations. The purpose of this investigation was to undertake a construct validation study of a model of the processes that underlie teamwork. This investigation was accomplished in two parts. A first study was conducted in order to determine the construct validity of scales that were developed to measure the nine teamwork components: task structure, team leadership, team orientation, communication, monitoring, feedback, backup, coordination, and performance. The Teamwork Components Questionnaire was administered to 150 individuals who were members of various types of teams. Structural equation modeling (i.e., LISREL) provided evidence of the validity of the proposed measurement models, and the results of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses suggested Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. revisions to further improve the validity of the questionnaire. In a second study, the revised questionnaire was administered to 135 teams, and LISREL was used again to determine the structural relationship among the teamwork components. Additional analyses served to test several specific hypotheses involving task structure and communication as independent variables. Unlike the first study, the second study used aggregated data to reflect the scores of entire teams. Empirical support was found for several of the proposed structural relationships and several of the hypotheses. In general, the most important findings concerned the pervasive effects of communication, considerate leadership, and team orientation on the remaining components. Contrary to what had been predicted, task structure was not found to exert a significant effect on communication. Practical implications of the research were suggested involving the design of training, the sophistication of technology, and the enhancement of the Teamwork Components Questionnaire. Theoretical implications related to the issues of aggregation and the multidimensionality of the constructs. It was concluded that the importance of teamwork cannot be overemphasized in today's increasingly sophisticated society. This research may serve as the first step toward a more comprehensive approach to studying teams. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Disparidades regionales y convergencia en las Comunidades Autónomas

El trabajo analiza las diferencias en las condiciones economicas de las Comunidades Autonomas espanolas y la evolucion de las mismas desde la perspectiva de la teoria del crecimiento, concentrandose en el proceso de convergencia. Comienza advirtiendo que la vision que se desprende de este proceso es distinta segun cual sea la informacion estadistica utilizada: la tradicional, proporcionada desde 1955 por el Banco de Bilbao, o la mas reciente suministrada por el INE, desde 1980 en su Contabilidad Regional. Tras discutir e ilustrar los elementos basicos de la ecuacion de convergencia, el trabajo se concentra en el papel jugado por la estructura productiva en las diferencias regionales, con especial referencia al peso del sector agricola y el capital publico en la conver-gencia condicionada, estimandose la ecuacion de convergencia, condi-cionada y no condicionada, para las diecisiete Comunidades Autonomas en el periodo 1955-1991.
Rabbit Abundance Influences Predation on Bird Nests in Mediterranean Olive Orchards

Abstract. In recent decades, the intensification of agricultural practices in olive orchards, including intensive use of agrochemicals, along with the absence of natural herb layer, has led to a decline in songbird communities. Increased nest predation has been suggested as another important factor in the decline of farmland birds. High abundances of alternative prey species, such as European Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus may attract generalist predators, which may increase predation rates on bird nests, a phenomenon known as hyperpredation. In this work, we evaluate artificial nest predation in intensively farmed olive orchards, using quail eggs (one plaster and two natural eggs in each nest) placed on the ground (97 nests) and on trees (106 nests). 53.7% of nests (109 out of 203) were predated; 51 of these nests had at least one egg with signs of predation and in 58 nests all eggs were predated. Nests placed on the ground (61%) were predated more frequently than those on trees (46%). Rabbit abundance was identified as one of the main factors increasing the probabilities of a nest being predated. Despite lower rates of nest predation in areas with low rabbit abundance, we found a higher diversity of nest predators, such as Mustela nivalis, Mustela putorius, Martes foina or Erinaceus europaeus in these areas. This study suggests that conservation efforts aimed at increasing the breeding success of farmland birds should avoid areas with high abundance of rabbits owing to the phenomenon of hyperpredation.
Effects of Exogenous Abscisic Acid and Water Stress on the Growth Response of Subterranean Clover of Different Genotypes

The response of subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.) to different abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations (10 -6 , 10 -5 , 10 -4 mol/L) in nutrient solution and to water stress were studied in growth room. Six cultivars of contrasting yield capacity were compared. Plants remained growing in Hoagland solution or pots until at least four full_developed leaves appeared. The ABA was then applied and the fresh weight, leaf number and length of the largest root were measured at 1, 4, 7 and 11 d after ABA treatment. The above parameters were also measured at 15 d under water stress. In all the tested genotypes ABA caused similar reduction in these growth parameters, as well as a significant decrease of leaf water potential which was dependent on ABA concentration. The average growth reduction after 11 d under 10 -4 mol/L ABA coincided with the range of these crops under water stress in pot experiments. On average of the different genotypes, leaf number, area of full_developed leaf and the dry weight per plant decreased by about 50% whereas the root/shoot ratio increased by 80%. The genotype variation and ranking for this treatment were rather similar to the same genotypes in pot experiments. The genotypes, Clare, Nuba and Seaton Park, showed the best results under both control and ABA treated conditions and water stress conditions. The similarity between the response to ABA in nutrient solution and to water stress opens the possibility to use this approach as a way to quantify the drought resistance of subterranean clover genotypes.
Stiffness of wood in fast-grown plantation softwoods: the influence of microfibril angle.

In fast-grown softwoods, there are very large changes in the longitudinnal Young's modulus of wood going outward from the pith. Typically, stiffness increases by a factor of 3 to 5 during the first 30 years of growth. A change in the microfibril angle of the S2 layer of the tracheid wall is the only mechanism that has been proposed that can account for this. There appear to be sufficient variations in microfibril angle between trees to justify selection of clones to yield stiffer timber
Yield stability of maize inbred lines with differential reactions to drought evaluated under stress and non-stress environments

800x600 e valuation of maize inbred lines bred for drought under stress and non-stress environments underlay identification and selection of parental lines for developing hybrids that would combine stability with high yield potential across stress and non-stress conditions. This study was conducted to (i) estimate yield stability in maize inbred lines with differential reactions to drought, and (ii) identify inbred lines that combine stability with high yield potential across stress and non-stress environments. Twenty four maize inbred lines were tested for two years each under severe drought, mild drought, low level of soil nitrogen (low N) and high N, and for four years under irrigated conditions in Nigeria. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Twelve of the 24 inbreds were identified as tolerant to drought, while the other twelve were susceptible. Eight of the 12 drought tolerant inbreds also showed tolerance to low N. Combined analysis of variance for grain yield showed that environments, genotypes and genotype-by-environment (GE) interaction effects were highly significant, indicating that the genotypes responded differently relative to each other to a change in environment. Genotype and genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplot analysis explained 90% of the yield variation as being due to GGE. Nine drought tolerant inbred lines were stable, while most susceptible inbred lines were unstable across environments. The study depicted severe drought stress as a representative test environment, indicating that selection of maize inbred lines under drought stress would lead to yield improvement in low N as well as optimal growing environments. Five inbred lines 4058, KU1409, 161, TZMI501xKU1414x501 and 1824 were identified as stable with high yield potential across the test environments. These inbred lines could be used to develop single-cross hybrids and synthetic varieties for areas with unreliable rainfall as well as soils with low levels of nitrogen Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
Pigments Composition of Petals and Floral Color Change During the Blooming Period in Rhododendron mucronulatum

The floral color of Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. was investigated in terms of its presentation, pigments composition, changes in the composition during blooming season. The floral color was measured according to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHSCC) and then by a NF333 spectrophotometer. The results indicated that floral lightness increased, while the value of chroma decreased during the blooming period, and floral color turned from red purple (70B) to violet (84B) at the meantime. A high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) and HPLC electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) methods were employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins and flavonols. In total, 15 compounds were detected at 520 nm and 350 nm in the petals: five anthocyanins, eight flavonols and two aromatic acids. Ten of them were tentatively identified, including one anthocyanin (malvidin 3-arabinoside-5-glucoside), eight flavonols (myricetin 3-galactoside, myricetin 3-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, two quercetin-rhamnosides and kaempferol 3-rhamnoside), and two aromatic acid (chlorogenic acid and its isomer). No acylated pigments and 5-O-methylated flavonols were detected. Although the floral color changed significantly in the six blooming stages, the pigment composition kept unchanged, and the pigment content showed significant difference from the initiation of floral buds to the late opening of flowers. Total anthocyanins content (TA) and total flavonols content (TF) decreased rapidly during the first three stages, and then changed smoothly. The floral color breeding strategies for cultivars with cold resistance were discussed based on the pigment composition of R. mucronulatum.
Measuring the Wealth of Nations: The Political Economy of National Accounts

1. Introduction 2. The basic theoretical foundations 3. Marxian categories and national accounts: money value flows 4. Marxian categories and national accounts: labor value calculations 5. Empirical estimates of Marxian categories 6. A critical analysis of previous empirical studies 7. Summary and conclusions.
Self-Schemas, Possible Selves, and Competent Performance

College students were classified as either schematic for being a good problem solver (i.e., they believed they were very good in this area, and this ability was very important to their selfevaluation) or aschematic for this ability (i.e., they believed they had moderate ability in this area, and this ability was of moderate to low importance to their self-evaluation). In Study 1, schematic and aschematic Ss performed equally well in an initial problem-solving test; however, aschematic Ss did not enjoy the task and had negative possible selves related to logical ability active in working memory. In Study 2, aschematic Ss maintained competent performance on a problemsolving test only when given failure feedback on an earlier test. The results point to the importance of the self-concept in the development and maintenance of competence.
Will They Think Less of My Handwritten Essay If Others Word Process Theirs? Effects on Essay Scores of Intermingling Handwritten and Word-Processed Essays.

says were converted to handwritten versions. Analyses revealed higher average scores for essays scored in the handwritten mode than for essays scored as word processed, regardless of the mode in which essays were originally produced. Several hypotheses were advanced to explain the discrepancies between scores on handwritten and word-processed essays. The training of essay readers was subsequently modified on the basis of these hypotheses, and the experiment was repeated using the modified training with a new set of readers. In the not so distant future, familiarity and comfort with computers will undoubtedly be a less important issue in assessment than it is today. In all likelihood, most, if not all, students will have used computers routinely-to process reports and to manipulate data, for example. In the short term, however, not everyone who is asked to take a computer-administered test will be equally comfortable with this technology. For example, it is likely that initially not all of those who take the computer-based academic skills portion of The Praxis Series: Professional Assessments for Beginning TeachersT (the new teacher licensing measures being developed by Educational Testing Service) will prefer to produce an essay on a computer. Therefore, all examinees will be permitted either to handwrite an essay or to use a basic word-processing program to generate it. As a consequence, some essays will look very different from others. A concern is that this different appearance may translate to different scores: either handwritten or
Adsorption of Rhodococcus Strain GIN-1 (NCIMB 40340) on Titanium Dioxide and Coal Fly Ash Particles

Rhodococcus strain GIN-1 (NCIMB 40340) can be used to enrich and isolate a titanium-rich fraction from coal fly ash. The gram-positive bacterium was isolated by its ability to adhere strongly and rapidly to suspended particles of pure titanium dioxide or coal fly ash. Adsorption depends on the salt concentration and occurs in seawater. Lowering of the salt concentration or washing of particles with pure water did not, however, cause desorption of the bacteria from TiO2 particles; this was achieved by strong alkaline treatment or combined treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea but not with dilute acids, alcohols, or cationic or nonionic detergents. The bacterium exhibits higher affinity towards oxides of Ti and Zn than to other oxides with similar distribution of particle size. Moreover, it adheres much faster to TiO2 than to magnetite (Fe3O4) or Al2O3. After about 1 min, more than 85% of the cells were adsorbed on TiO2, compared with adsorption of only 10 and 8% to magnetite and Al2O3, respectively. Adsorption of the bacteria on TiO2 occurs over a pH range of 1.0 to 9.0 and at temperatures from 4 to over 80°C. Scanning electron microscopy combined with X-ray analysis revealed preferential adherence of the bacterium to coal ash particles richer in Ti. Stronger adhesion to TiO2 was also demonstrated in the translocation of bacteria, preadsorbed on magnetite, to TiO2 particles. The temporary co-adhesion to magnetite and TiO2 was exploited for the design of a prototype biomagnetic separation process in which bacterial cells serve as an adhesive mediator between magnetite and TiO2 particles in a mixture of Al, Si, and Ti oxides that simulates their proportion in the ash.
Attention to visual pattern information produces the attentional blink in rapid serial visual presentation

To investigate the temporal allocation of attention, a series of 7 experiments using rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) was designed to examine the relationship of the attentional demands of various target tasks to the production of the subsequent visual attentional deficit, or "attentional blink" (AB), recently reported by J. E. Raymond, K. L. Shapiro, and K. M. Amell (1992). The principal finding is that AB occurs only when a target is an object and does not occur when the target is defined by a temporal interval. Target detection difficulty as estimated by d' analysis reveals no relationship between the attentional demands of the target and the production of the AB. A late-selection account of this phenomenon is offered in place of the early-selection account advanced in Raymond et al.'s previous report. Many studies of visual attention have addressed issues concerning the allocation of attention to spatially distributed visual information that is presented for brief intervals. The experiments reported in this article, however, are concerned with how attention is allocated to visual information that is distributed over time but presented in a restricted area of the visual field. The present article reports a series of experiments in which we investigated the temporary attentional deficits that ensue when humans are required to select a target from among a temporal stream of stimuli presented at a rapid rate. The task used in all experiments is that of rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). In the generic task, stimuli are presented briefly in the same location at a rate of between 6-20 items/s. The subject's task is to identify one or more target(s) that is(are) differentiated in some way from the background, or nontarget, stimulus stream. Stimuli that have been investigated with this method include letters, digits, words, and pictures (e.g., D. E. Broadbent & M. H. P. Broadbent, 1987; Intraub, 1985; Kanwisher, 1987; Lawrence, 1971; Reeves & Sperling, 1986; Weichselgartner & Sperling, 1987). Thus the RSVP procedure could be construed as the temporal analogy to spatial search in that a subject must detect a target from among a set of nontargets or distractors.
Functional Analysis of a Stress-Induced SNARE Gene GsSNARE1 in Response to Salt and Drought Stresses

Objective)The aim of this study is to isolate GsSNARE1, characterize its function under environmental stress, and provide an important basis for studying the precise function and molecular mechanism of GsSNARE1. (Method)Glycine soja 50109 was used as gene cloning material, and the interaction between GsSNARE1 and GsCBRLK was verified by yeast two hybrid analysis. Real-time PCR analysis was used to analyze the expression profile of GsSNARE1 under stress conditions and in different plant tissues. The GsSNARE1 protein was expressed in E. coli, and its function was analyzed under salt and drought stresses. (Result)In this study, the GsCBRLK interacting protein GsSNARE1 was isolated, the full length GsSNARE1 gene was cloned, and the interaction between GsSNARE1 and GsCBRLK in yeast NMY51 was verified. Real-time PCR analysis showed that expression of GsSNARE1 was greatly induced by salt and drought stresses, and PLACE analysis revealed a serial of stress-related cis-elements in GsSNARE1 promoter. GsSNARE1 expressed in different tissues of G. soja. GsSNARE1 expression decreased salt and drought resistance of the recombinant E.coli. (Conclusion)GsSNARE1 interacted with GsCBRLK in yeast. GsSNARE1 transcripts were greatly accumulated under salt and drought stresses, and were detected in different tissues. Expression of GsSNARE1 in E.coli resulted in decreased salt and drought tolerance.
Dimensions that make a difference: examining the impact of in-role and extrarole behaviors on supervisory ratings

Levels of in-role and extrarole performance were experimentally manipulated in a 3 X 2 withinsubjects design. Dimensions capturing both in-role and extrarole behaviors (i.e., citizenship behaviors directed toward other individuals) strongly influenced various measures of rater search strategies as well as the ratings given by 116 supervisors evaluating secretarial performance. Furthermore, as predicted by D. W. Organ (1990), dimension ratings assigned to ratees with high levels of extrarole behavior displayed significantly more halo than ratings given to ratees with neutral levels of extrarole behavior. Tests for the effects of level of extrarole behavior on 2 measures of rater accuracy produced contradictory results. Implications are discussed.
Dysphoria as a moderator of the relationship between perceived effort and perceived ability

Although Heiderian logic (F. Heider, 1958) proposes an inverse relationship between ability and effort, research has uncovered dramatic individual differences in the judged relationship between the two. Some view ability and effort as positively related; others view them as negatively related. Study 1 explored dysphoria as a moderator of this relationship by gathering dysphoric and nondysphoric individuals' perceptions of their effort and ability on daily activities. Although ability and effort generally were positively related, dysphorics reported lower ability on high effort tasks. In Study 2, Ss rated their effort as high or low. Dysphorics discounted ability when effort was high; nondysphorics reported the greatest ability when they expended the greatest effort. Collectively, there was no support for an inverse relationship between ability and effort. However, dysphorics infer less ability than nondysphorics following high effort.