Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in preservice teachers' attitudes and beliefs: the net impact of two mathematics education units and intervening experiences

Preservice teachers in a bachelor of education (Primary and ECE) program were surveyed about their beliefs and attitudes toward mathematics and its teaching and learning, at the beginning of their first mathematics curriculum unit and again at the end of their second mathematics education unit, approximately 18 months later. Significant differences were found for several items. However, in comparison to previously noted changes in the beliefs of similar cohorts from the beginning to end of a single unit, the changes were relatively small. Aspects of the course that students considered valuable and which may have contributed to the changes are also reported.
Local crippling of thin-walled graphite-epoxy stiffeners

Results from an experimental and analytical study of the local buckling, postbuckling, and crippling (failure) behavior of channel, zee, and I- and J-section stiffeners made of AS4/3502 graphite-epoxy unidirectional tape are presented. Thirty-six specimens were tested in axial compression. Experimental results indicate the existence of a number of damage initiation modes, all of which involve either delamination in some part of the specimen or local material strength failure in a corner of the specimen. The flange width-to-thickness ratio is found to influence the mode of damage initiation. The inner corner radius strongly affects the crippling stress for the I- and J-section specimens, but was not found to have a significant effect on the crippling stress of channels and zees. Geometrically nonlinear analyses of five specimens were performed with the STAGS general purpose computer code. Correlation between analytical and experimental results is excellent through buckling, but agreement degrades in postbuckling. The discrepancies in postbuckling are attributed to neglect of transverse shearing deformations in the analysis and development of damage in the specimens. Hashin's compressive fiber mode failure criterion correlates reasonably well with the first major damage event in a first ply failure analysis.
State bounding with ellipsoidal set description of the uncertainty

The paper presents recursive algorithms for state bounding, using ellipsoidal sets to describe the state uncertainties and to bound the process and observation noises. The algorithms optimize each stage of updating, according to the minimum-volume and minimum-trace criteria. Simulations compare the performance of the bounding algorithms with that of a Kalman filter, and investigate the influence of noise distribution within the bounds.
Observation of electric field gradients near field‐emission cathode arrays

The variation of electric field gradient above arrays of field emission cathodes has been investigated using atomic force microscopy. The spatial distribution of electric field gradient was obtained as a function of bias and height. Results show a parabolic relationship between the sample bias and electric field gradient. Furthermore, the height dependence of the field gradient is found to follow a power law relationship. These new results demonstrate that force‐gradient atomic force microscopy is capable of providing a direct visual presentation of the variation of field gradients above submicron‐periodicity field emitter arrays.
Flame Modeling in Supernovae

We study thermonuclear, carbon-oxygen deflagration flames in supernovae. A flame-capturing technique is used to simulate a flame front advected by a hydrodynamical flow in a manner independent of zoning. The flame is resolved down to a spatial scale λ c , where it becomes stable with respect to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. At scales >λ c , the flame shows a complex behavior. Large bubbles of hot, burned matter rise, kill smaller bubbles, and tend to dominate the flow. The flame folds, thin layers of cold fuel penetrate deep into products, and the flame becomes multiply connected. The geometrical complexity of the flame front and the instantaneous turbulent flame speed vary with time. A substantial acceleration of burning is found
A Search for Lithium-rich Giants among Stars with Infrared Excesses

The unusual nature of the single, rapidly rotating, lithium-rich K giant HDE 233517, which is currently undergoing significant mass loss, prompted a search for giants with similar properties. High-dispersion spectroscopic observations were obtained of HD 219025, a known lithium-rich infrared-excess giant, plus 39 stars from a list of G and K giants with excess far-infrared emission. The projected rotational velocities of the vast majority of infrared-excess giants appear to be similar to those of normal G and K giants. Six giants have lithium abundances at or above theoretical upper envelope values. The percentage of such stars in the sample of 39 infrared-excess giants is similar to that of normal giants. The three giants with the largest lithium abundances have previously been discovered. None of the sample of 39 giants have an Hα line similar to the broadened and very asymmetric line of HDE 233517. The star with optical properties most similar to HDE 233517 is HD 219025.
Using New Proximity Measures With Hierarchical Cluster Analysis to Detect Multidimensionality

A new approach for partitioning test items into dimensionally distinct item clusters is introduced. The core of the approach is a new item-pair conditional-covariancebased proximity measure that can be used with hierarchical cluster analysis. An extensive simulation study designed to test the limits of the approach indicates that when approximate simple structure holds, the procedure can correctly partition the test into dimensionally homogeneous item clusters even for very high correlations between the latent dimensions. In particular, the procedure can correctly classify (on average) over 90% of the items for correlations as high as . 9. The cooperative role that the procedure can play when used in conjunction with other dimensionality assessment procedures is discussed. The increasing recognition of the multidimensional nature of educational and psychological measurement instruments has given rise to a concurrent increasing need for more efficient and more effective dimensionality assessment tools. In response to this need, this article deals with the development of a new dimensionality estimation tool based on the use of agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) with new dimensionally sensitive proximity measures. If successful HCA dimensionality methods can be developed such that clusters of items that appear to measure a common dimension can be located, then such methods will not only be useful by themselves, but will also be a valuable aid to existing procedures such as DIMTEST (Nandakumar & Stout, 1993; Stout, 1987), DETECT (Kim, 1994; Zhang & Stout, 1995, 1996), and nonlinear factor analysis. This is because all exploratory or confirmatory dimensionality analyses can benefit from beginning either with a single core set of dimensionally homogeneous items or with multiple sets of such items. The selection of such sets of items has been a very difficult problem in the history of dimensionality analysis, and the present article offers a potentially very effective solution. For example, in using DIMTEST to determine whether a test is unidimensional, the practitioner is required to identify one or more sets of items that are suspected of being dimensionally homogeneous; these are then tested for dimensional distinctiveness from the rest of the test. The clusters
Control of Nonlinear Markovian Jump System with Time Varying Delay via Robust H ¥ Fuzzy State Feedback Plus State-derivative Feedback Controller

: This paper investigates the problem of designing a robust H ¥ state feedback plus state-derivative feedback control mechanism for a class of uncertain nonlinear markovian jump systems with time varying delay described by a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model. The linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) approach is applied to derive a robust controller for such a system. The proposed controller satisﬁes design requirements that ensure that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and meets pre-prescribed H ¥ performance index values. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of the design developed in this paper, a numerical example is also provided.
The Glivenko-Cantelli Problem

We give a new type of characterization of the Glivenko-Cantelli classes. In the case of a class $\mathscr{L}$ of sets, the characterization is closely related to the configuration that the sets of $\mathscr{L}$ can have. It allows one to decide simply whether a given class is a Glivenko-Cantelli class. The characterization is based on a new measure theoretic analysis of sets of measurable functions. This analysis also gives an approximation theorem for Glivenko-Cantelli classes, sharpenings of the Vapnik-Cervonenkis criteria and the value of the asymptotic discrepancy for classes that are not Glivenko-Cantelli. An application is given to the law of large numbers in a Banach space for functions that need not be random variables.
The L p-Version of the Generalized Bohl–Perron Principle for Neutral Type Functional Differential Equations

Weconsider a vector linear neutral type homogeneous functional differential equation. It is proved that the considered equation is exponentially stable, provided the corresponding non-homogeneous equation with the zero initial function and an arbitrary free term from L p([0,∞),Cn), has a solution belonging to L p([0,∞),Cn).
Two phase solution for an intelligent moving target search problem based on a 0–1 linear model

This paper presents a generic discrete model for the moving, intelligent target problem. Our objective is to maximise the probability of detection of the moving target with respect to target and searcher’s constraints. The solution method proposed here is composed on two stages. The first one aims at providing a large-scale strategy by solving an Integer Linear Program approach. As a direct solution of this problem is not practically possible, we use a decomposition of the problem into a searcher’s strategy on one side, and the target’s strategy on the other side. A good strategy for the searcher is determined using a sliding window procedure. Concerning the target, our approach consists in simulating some of the target’s possible strategies and considering each of these possibilities as an independent and deterministic entity. The second stage is dedicated to adjusting the large-scale strategy provided by stage 1. Finally, numerical results are presented so as to assess the impact of our approach.
A search for radio emission from X-ray binaries and related objects

Observation radiointerferometrique a 5 GHz de 117 etoiles binaires RX ou variables cataclysmiques. Sept d'entre elles etaient deja connues pour etre des emetteurs radio mais sept nouvelles radiosources ont ete detectees. Parmi elles, l'une semble etre un jet radio extragalactique et l'autre un pulsar. Le faible taux de reussite montre que les binaires RX emettant en radio sont plutot rares
The frequency dependence of subjective reaction to vertical and horizontal whole‐body vibration at low magnitudes

The assessment of building vibration with respect to human response requires knowledge of the influence of vibration magnitude, frequency, direction, and duration. This article reports an experiment conducted to investigate the effect of three of these factors: frequency, magnitude, and direction. The method of magnitude estimation was employed with a sound reference stimulus (1/3 octave band centered at 1 kHz) so as to determine reaction to vertical (z‐axis) and horizontal (y‐axis) sinusoidal whole‐body vibration. Twenty subjects were exposed to six acceleration magnitudes in the range 0.04–0.4 ms−2 rms at nine frequencies between 4 and 63 Hz. The relation between magnitude estimate ψ and acceleration magnitude φ was determined at each frequency in the psychophysical power form ψ=kφn. The value of the exponent n varied from 1.04 to 1.47 for vertical motion and from 0.68 to 1.99 for horizontal motion. For vertical motion, the effect of frequency was not significant; for horizontal motion, the exponent inc.
Coefficient Alpha and Composite Reliability With Interrelated Nonhomogeneous Items

The relationship between Cronbach's coefficient alpha (a) and the reliability of a composite of a prespecified set of interrelated nonhomogeneous components is examined. It is shown that a can over- or underestimate scale reliability at the population level. The bias is expressed in terms of structural parameters and illustrated on simulated data. The relevance of substantive considerations about, and examination of, the latent structure of an item set prior to estimation of composite reliability using at is emphasized and demonstrated using a structural equation modeling approach.
CD6-ALCAM signaling regulates multiple effector/memory T cell functions

CD6 is a T-cell costimulatory receptor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Primarily expressed on CD4 T cells, CD6 promotes immune synapse formation, T-cell activation and T-cell migration via interaction with its ligand activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). While the contribution of CD6 to T cell activation has been well described, less is known regarding the role of CD6 on effector and memory T cells (Teff). Thus, to better characterize this, we examined phosphorylation signaling patterns during CD6 co-stimulation together with the impact of CD6 on differentiated Teff functions. Profiling of ~100 phosphorylation targets associated with T-cell receptor signaling revealed that CD6 co-stimulation on T cells activates factors in pathways involved in actin polymerization, motility, integrin activation and T-cell activation. Comparison of Tnaive cells vs. Teff demonstrated differing levels of phosphorylation in response to CD6 stimulation. Furthermore, CD6 signaling on Teff sustained phosphorylation of these pathways at later timepoints compared to CD28 stimulation. Blockade of the CD6 pathway, using the clinically tested anti-CD6 mAb itolizumab during re-stimulation of CD4 Teff cells in the presence of ALCAM, inhibited multiple effector functions including proliferation and changes in blast size. This effect was observed exclusively in the presence of ALCAM, indicating that the effect was specific to blockade of the CD6-ALCAM pathway. These findings demonstrate that the CD6-ALCAM pathway is a key regulator of effector T-cell functions and further support targeting this pathway to directly inhibit both naïve and effector T cell populations.
Risk Assessment in BOT Contracts using AHP Technique

The process of risk assessment in the build-operate transfer (BOT) project is very important to identify and analyze the risks in order to make the appropriate decision to respond to them. In this paper, AHP Technique was used to make the appropriate decision regarding response to the most prominent risks that were generated in BOT projects, which includes a comparison between the criteria for each risk as well as the available alternatives and by mathematical methods using matrices to reach an appropriate decision to respond to each risk.Ten common risks in BOT contracts are adopted for analysis in this paper, which is grouped into six main risk headings.The procedures followed in this paper are the questionnaire method to assign the weights of each criterion and each alternative based on the evaluations of 10 experts in BOT contracts after building the questionnaire model.The appropriate decision was reached to respond to each risk, and then the best measures taken were made based on literature reviews of previous research regarding the procedures for risk response plans.
Secular Trends of Precipitation Amount, Frequency, and Intensity in the United States

Abstract Twentieth century trends of precipitation are examined by a variety of methods to more fully describe how precipitation has changed or varied. Since 1910, precipitation has increased by about 10% across the contiguous United States. The increase in precipitation is reflected primarily in the heavy and extreme daily precipitation events. For example, over half (53%) of the total increase of precipitation is due to positive trends in the upper 10 percentiles of the precipitation distribution. These trends are highly significant, both practically and statistically. The increase has arisen for two reasons. First, an increase in the frequency of days with precipitation ]6 days (100 yr)−1[ has occurred for all categories of precipitation amount. Second, for the extremely heavy precipitation events, an increase in the intensity of the events is also significantly contributing (about half) to the precipitation increase. As a result, there is a significant trend in much of the United States of the highest.
Multiple Observations of Signals in Noise

The use of repeated presentations of a given signal event as an experimental technique in psychoacoustic studies provides information about several general properties of the hearing process. From the relationship between the gain in detectability that results from additional observations and the type of signal and noise employed, inferences can be made about: (1) the observer's ability to integrate over time, (2) the amount of noise generated by the auditory system, (3) the nature of the process of frequency analysis, and (4) the observer's mode of dealing with uncertainty as to signal frequency. The first set of experiments permitted five observations of each signal where the signal consisted of a pulsed tone, of known frequency, in noise. Both variable noise, i.e., noise that is statistically independent from one presentation to another, and constant noise, i.e., noise that is exactly the same on each of the five presentations, were used. With variable noise, the detectability index d′ improves, as pred.
Expression profile of Toll-like Receptors Pathway Genes in Chicken Erythrocytes Infected with Mycoplasma synoviae

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the important immunes signaling pathways that participate in the activation of host immune response after detecting microbial pattern molecules. Despite important expression profile TLRs genes in chicken erythrocytes, studies have been lacking. This study investigated the expression profile of TLRs pathway immune gene in chicken erythrocytes in response to Mycoplasma synoviae . The purpose of the current in-vitro study was to determine the chicken erythrocytes interaction with M. synoviae using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mRNA gene expression of TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, MHC I, II, and MyD88 in M. synoviae infected chicken erythrocytes was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) at four different time intervals (0, 2, 6 and 10 h) post-infection and compared to uninfected controls. The mRNA expression of TLRs such as TLR1, 2, 3, 15 , and MHC II were significantly upregulated at 6 and 10 h post-infection in infected chicken erythrocytes. However, significantly upregulated expression of TLR5 and MHC I were noted at 2, 6, and 10 h while TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA expression was also significantly upregulated but at different time intervals. This study provides the first evidence of upregulated expression of TLR signaling pathway genes in M. synoviae infected chicken erythrocytes. These results provide new insights on M. synoviae infection resistance mechanisms and the role of TLR signaling immune genes in the control of the host immune response.
Modulation equations for strongly nonlinear oscillations of an incompressible viscous drop

Large-amplitude oscillations of incompressible viscous drops are studied at small capillary number. On the long viscous time scale, a formal perturbation scheme is developed to determine original modulation equations. These two ordinary differential equations comprise the averaged condition for conservation of energy and the averaged projection of the Navier–Stokes equations onto the vorticity vector. The modulation equations are applied to the free decay of axisymmetric oblate–prolate spheroid oscillations. On the long time scale, only the modulation equation for energy is required. In this example, the results compare well with linear viscous theory, weakly nonlinear inviscid theory and experimental observations. The new results show that previous experimental observations and numerical simulations are all manifestations of a single-valued relationship between dimensionless decay rate and amplitude. Moreover, if the amplitude of the oscillations does not exceed 30% of the drop radius, this decay rate may be approximated by a quadratic. The new results also show that, when the amplitude of the oscillations exceeds 20% of the drop radius, fluid in the inviscid bulk of the drop is undergoing abrupt changes in its acceleration in comparison to the acceleration during small-amplitude deformations.
The infrared excess of G29-38: A brown dwarf or dust?

The white dwarf star G29-38 has an infrared excess which may be due to a cool low-mass companion, probably a brown dwarf, or to circumstellar dust. If the excess is due to dust, then changes in luminosity of the white dwarf, which is a ZZ Ceti variable, may cause the infrared excess to vary in phase with the optical pulsations. We have therefore obtained simultaneous optical and infrared light curves of G29-38 to search for variability of the excess. The known 614 s period of G29-39 is seen at B and J, with amplitudes and phases which are in excellent agreement with the predictions of adiabatic, g-mode pulsation theory. No variability with a 614 s period is found at K above that expected from the white dwarf photosphere. We have discovered two significant periodicities in the K light curve at 181 ± 10 s and 243 ± 15 s. These periods are not found at shorter wavelengths, and we therefore conclude that they must be due to variations in the strength of the infrared excess, rather than the photospheric emission from the white dwarf. We propose a model which invokes a dust ring around the white dwarf to explain the infrared excess and variability in this system. A detection of G29-38 at 10 μm at a flux level about 3 times that expected from a brown dwarf favors the dust model.
On Cauchy-Dirichlet Problem in Half-Space for Linear Integro-Differential Equations in Weighted Hoelder Spaces

We study the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem in half-space for linear parabolic integro-differential equations. Sufficient conditions are derived under which the problem has a unique solution in weighted Hoelder classes. The result can be used in the regularity analysis of certain functionals arising in the theory of Markov processes.
Limiting mechanism of inversion channel mobility in Al-implanted lateral 4H-SiC metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors

The mechanism limiting the channel mobility in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) fabricated in Al-implanted 4H-SiC is discussed comparing different post-implantation annealings. In spite of the improved interfacial morphology in carbon capped samples during annealing, the observed reduction of the mobility (from 40 to 24 cm2 V−1 s−1) suggests that interfacial roughness does not significantly impact the transport in the channel. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the mobility demonstrates that Coulomb scattering is the main degradation mechanism due to the presence of trapped charges at the SiO2/SiC interface.