Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Archaean granitoids: an overview and significance from a tectonic perspective

Abstract This special publication presents a collection of papers on Archaean igneous rocks which aim to provide evidence of a tectonic scenario that is increasingly accepted by scientists studying the evolution of the early Earth. Papers on diverse igneous rocks from the North Atlantic Craton, as well as Archaean terrains of the Fennoscandian, Indian and Ukrainian shields, have a common focus on crust–mantle interactions and granitoid diversification, especially at the end of the Archaean, accompanied by insights into metamorphic rocks. This volume, together with present research, provides evidence for a change in global tectonic regime close to the Archaean–Proterozoic boundary. After the long-term episodic formation of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) suites of oceanic origin, convergent continental margins with abundant batholiths of potassic granitoids appeared for the first time at 3.0–2.5 Ga. The batholiths involve both mantle-derived and recycled crustal material. It seems that the diversification of granitoids was caused by increased crust–mantle interactions, reflecting a significant change in mantle dynamics and plate tectonics during the Neoarchaean.
A Graph Neural Networks-Based Learning Framework With Hyperbolic Embedding for Personalized Tag Recommendation

Learning high-quality representations of users, items, and tags from historical interactive data is crucial for personalized tag recommendation (PTR) systems. Currently, most PTR models are committed to learning representations from first-order interactions without considering the exploitation of high-order interactive relations, which can be beneficial for avoiding sub-optimal learning. Although several PTR models equipped with graph neural networks (GNN) have been proposed to capture higher-order semantic relevance from raw data, they all carry out representation learning in Euclidean space, which can still easily result in sub-optimal learning due to embedding distortion. In order to further improve the quality of representation learning for PTR, the paper proposes a novel PTR model based on a lightweight GNN framework with hyperbolic embedding, namely GHPTR. GHPTR explicitly injects higher-order relevance into entity representation through the message propagation and aggregation mechanism of GNN and leverages hyperbolic embedding to alleviate the embedding distortion problem. Experimental results on real-world datasets have demonstrated the superiority of our model over its Euclidean counterparts and state-of-the-art baselines.
The Role of Gut Microbiota and Circadian Rhythm Oscillation of Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Mice

Circadian rhythm oscillation and the gut microbiota play important roles in several physiological functions and pathology regulations. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the characteristics of diabetic hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (HIRI) and the role of the intestinal microbiota in diabetic mice with HIRI. Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury surgery was performed at ZT0 or ZT12. The liver pathological score and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed to evaluate liver injury. We conducted an FMT experiment to examine the role of intestinal microbiota in diabetic mice with HIRI. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples was performed for microbial analysis. Our results showed that hyperglycemia aggravated HIRI in diabetic mice, but there was no diurnal variation seen in diabetic HIRI. We also demonstrated that there were significant alterations in the gut microbiota composition between the diabetic and control mice and that gut microbiota transplantation from diabetic mice had obvious harmful effects on HIRI. These findings provide some useful information for the future research of diabetic mice with HIRI.
The influence of IMF clock angle on the cross section of the tail bow shock

We study effects of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation on the terrestrial tail bow shock location and shape by using global MHD magnetosphere model and empirical bow shock models. It is shown that the tail bow shock cross section is well approximated by an ellipse with the direction of the major axis roughly perpendicular to the IMF clock angle direction. With the increasing IMF clock angle, the eccentricity of the bow shock cross section increases for northward IMF but decreases for southward IMF.
The Role of Immunoglobulin G4 in Outcomes of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Introduction: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, cholestatic liver disease that is characterized by an inflammatory and fibrotic process affecting bile ducts which eventually develops into liver cirrhosis and liver failure. The aim of this study was to investigate serum IgG subclass distribution in patients with PSC and its possible association with PSC outcomes. Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 181 patients who had been diagnosed with PSC between January 1970 and December 2015 and followed at our outpatient clinic. Their demographic, immunological, and clinical characteristics were recorded and analyzed. Results: This study included 181 patients with PSC (120 males, 61 females). There was no association between IgGs and the development of autoimmune hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangiocarcinoma, liver transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease, and colectomy. Patients with elevated IgG4 had statistically significant higher rates of cholangitis (p = 0.02) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (p = 0.009). High IgG4 values were observed in nine patients who underwent ERCP. In these nine patients, on average, IgG4 was evaluated 5 years after ERCP (min 3 days, max 11 years). Subanalysis considering only IgG4 values evaluated before ERCP showed no significant difference but remains significant if we consider IgG4 values after ERCP. Conclusion: Elevated IgG4 in our study showed a possible association with higher rates of cholangitis and ERCP among patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. It seems that IgGs may be a useful tool for the prediction of outcomes in patients with PSC. A prospective study is necessary, especially to study the trends of IgGs values during disease as well as the role of possible seroconversion.
Firm Structural Attributes and Capital Structure Adjustments among Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria using Static and Dynamic Approaches

The study examined the effect of firm structural attributes on capital structure adjustments of Nigerian listed manufacturing companies. Out of the 56 listed firms 35 listed manufacturing firms were selected using the purposive sampling approach. Dynamic and static estimation techniques were applied. The results from both static and dynamic panel data revealed that assets tangibility had a positive and significant effect on capital structure adjustments with (t= 4.463; t = 2.965; p <0.05). Non-debt tax shields (t= -2.831; t= -4.478; p <0.05) had negative but significant effect on capital structure adjustments. Furthermore, static result showed that firm size (t= -5.617; p <0.05) had negative but significant while dynamic results revealed firm size (t=6.956; P<0.05) had a positive and significant effect on capital structure adjustments. This study concluded that structural attributes serve as firm-level determinants to understanding of factors influencing the capital structure and speed of adjustments of listed companies in Nigeria. It was recommended that management of firms need to expand in size and investing in tangible assets to enhance their profit level, this will enable them to enjoy large profit levels with a large reduction in debt ratio.
Awareness of the professional needs of secondary school teachers through self-directed professional development

The importance of teacher professional development has been extensively studied, with researchers agreeing that opportunities for professional development can improve both teacher education and student learning outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a new approach to professional development, known as self-directed professional development. It focused on the knowledge, participation, and effectiveness of voluntary professional development methods in secondary schools, with a specific emphasis on Almería's secondary school teachers. The study utilized the systematic sampling method to select 194 respondents from the sample group. These respondents were given a Likert scale questionnaire, and the data collected were analyzed using statistical methods such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, and chi-square test. The results showed that even though the secondary school teachers had limited knowledge about self-directed professional development and online resources, they still informally participated in self-directed professional development.
The Relationship of Rejection Sensitivity to Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: The Indirect Effect of Perceived Social Acceptance by Peers

Rejection sensitivity (RS), the tendency to expect, perceive and overreact to rejection from others, has been linked to children’s and adolescents’ increased vulnerability to depressive symptoms, negatively affecting their perceptions of the quality of their relationship with their peers. The aim of this study is to examine (a) the indirect effect of perceived peer social acceptance in the relationship between RS and depressive symptoms in a sample of Greek adolescents, (b) the differential effect of the different components of rejection sensitivity (angry and anxious RS) on the model, and (c) possible gender differences. The sample of the study consists of 295 adolescents (139 boys, 156 girls, Mage = 14.20, SD = 1.60) residing in the greater Heraklion Prefecture area. Data collection was carried out using self-report questionnaires that measured demographic characteristics, self-perceptions about their peer relationships (self-perception profile for adolescents/SPPA), susceptibility to rejection (children’s rejection sensitivity questionnaire/CRSQ), and depressive symptoms (children’s depression inventory/CDI). Results showed that (a) RS was positively related to depressive symptoms and negatively related to adolescents’ perceptions of their relationships, (b) relationship perceptions were negatively related to depressive symptoms, and gender differences were also found, (c) perceived social acceptance by peers was found to have an indirect effect in the relationship between RS and depressive symptoms, with girls showing a greater effect, and (d) differences were observed in the mediating model between the components of RS, with the mediating effect of perceptions being higher in the model with anxious RS, which appears to confirm previous theoretical postulations. The results of this study highlight the importance of adolescents’ perceptions of their peer relationships in the occurrence of depressive symptoms during this developmental period, especially in youths with anxious rejection sensitivity.
Adhesion of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus fermentum to Films and Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds from Composites of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with Magnetic Nanoparticles in a Low-Frequency Magnetic Field

The ability of materials to adhere bacteria on their surface is one of the most important aspects of their development and application in bioengineering. In this work, the effect of the properties of films and electrospun scaffolds made of composite materials based on biosynthetic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with the addition of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) and their complex with graphene oxide (MNP/GO) on the adhesion of E. coli and L. fermentum under the influence of a low-frequency magnetic field and without it was investigated. The physicochemical properties (crystallinity; surface hydrophilicity) of the materials were investigated by X-ray structural analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and “drop deposition” methods, and their surface topography was studied by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Crystal violet staining made it possible to reveal differences in the surface charge value and to study the adhesion of bacteria to it. It was shown that the differences in physicochemical properties of materials and the manifestation of magnetoactive properties of materials have a multidirectional effect on the adhesion of model microorganisms. Compared to pure PHB, the adhesion of E. coli to PHB-MNP/GO, and for L. fermentum to both composite materials, was higher. In the magnetic field, the adhesion of E. coli increased markedly compared to PHB-MNP/GO, whereas the effect on the adhesion of L. fermentum was reversed and was only evident in samples with PHB-MNP. Thus, the resultant factors enhancing and impairing the substrate binding of Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive L. fermentum turned out to be multidirectional, as they probably have different sensitivity to them. The results obtained will allow for the development of materials with externally controlled adhesion of bacteria to them for biotechnology and medicine.
Relative Permittivity Measurement of Sea and Land by Ground-Based Dual Circularly Polarized GNSS-Reflectometry

The reflection characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves can be used to estimate certain environmental properties of the Earth surfaces. In this study, a low-cost and low-complexity dual circularly polarized reception (DCPR) system is used to measure the relative permittivity of land and seawater. This system consists of a custom, phase stable, dual circularly polarized antenna (DCPA) and off-the-shelf receivers for simultaneous reception of direct and reflected global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals. DCPR offers two distinct improvements in comparison to the dual linear polarization reception. First, the DCPR system enables two low-correlation data streams due to the utilization of GNSS polarization and its orthogonal counterpart. Second, it enables easy observation of the surface scattering characteristics through the behavior of the reflected cross-polarized carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0). The right-hand (RHCP) and left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) reflection coefficients were extracted from the received C/N0 streams using the GNSS-interference pattern technique (GNSS-IPT). The extracted signal peaks were fit with low-order curve functions for a better approximation of the Brewster angles. The measured RHCP and LHCP reflection coefficients enabled the determination of the Brewster angle position, leading to the relative permittivity estimate for the reflecting surfaces. The measured mean relative permittivity for the sea was 84.5 and for the land 13.57. The corresponding standard deviations (stds) were 10.48 and 8.05, and the standard error of mean was 0.23 and 0.17, respectively. The main factors for the uncertainties were the topography of sea and land surfaces, randomly distributed vegetation growth on land, and the receiver quantization process.
Geochemistry and age constraints on metamorphism and deformation in the Fortymile River area, eastern Yukon-Tanana upland, Alaska

Determining the age of deposition for many of the major rock types within the Fortymile River area is a major challenge for understanding the geologic evolution of the Yukon-Tanana tectonostratigraphic terrane of east-central Alaska. Intense dynamic metamorphism and associated recrystallization, several periods of ductile deformation, and poor outcrops conspire to conceal the age of the rocks in this important region. Definitive fossil evidence in the marble units has been obliterated; felsic gneissic horizons in the sequence could be either volcanic or intrusive in origin. To help resolve some of these issues, we present new geochemical data to further characterize the bedrock assemblage in the Fortymile River area and to address the origin of the major rock units. In addition, new U-Pb-isotopic data on zircons from the early (pre-D 1 ) Steele Creek Dome Orthogneiss and from a late tectonic (late-D 2 ) epidote-bearing leucogranite intrusion help constrain the youngest possible age for the supracrustal rocks, as well as the date of regional D 2 deformation. The Steele Creek Dome Orthogneiss crystallized at 343′4 Ma, indicating that the supracrustal sequence is partly at least Early Mississippian. The leucogranite crystallized during the waning stages of D 2 deformation at 196′4 Ma. U-Pb data on this Early Jurassic leucogranite also indicate that the inherited zircons have a complex history, with analyses yielding ages of 359′5 and 232′7 Ma. Our data confirm earlier 4 0 Ar/ 3 9 Ar ages that suggest an Early Jurassic date for the intense regional D 2 metamorphism and tectonism. However, although we have determined that the sedimentary and volcanic rocks are at least as old as Early Mississippian, the date of deposition for the major supracrustal rock packages in the Fortymile River area of the Yukon-Tanana terrane still remains a major question.
When Sex Matters: Differences in the Central Nervous System as Imaged by OCT through the Retina

Background: Retinal texture has gained momentum as a source of biomarkers of neurodegeneration, as it is sensitive to subtle differences in the central nervous system from texture analysis of the neuroretina. Sex differences in the retina structure, as detected by layer thickness measurements from optical coherence tomography (OCT) data, have been discussed in the literature. However, the effect of sex on retinal interocular differences in healthy adults has been overlooked and remains largely unreported. Methods: We computed mean value fundus images for the neuroretina layers as imaged by OCT of healthy individuals. Texture metrics were obtained from these images to assess whether women and men have the same retina texture characteristics in both eyes. Texture features were tested for group mean differences between the right and left eye. Results: Corrected texture differences exist only in the female group. Conclusions: This work illustrates that the differences between the right and left eyes manifest differently in females and males. This further supports the need for tight control and minute analysis in studies where interocular asymmetry may be used as a disease biomarker, and the potential of texture analysis applied to OCT imaging to spot differences in the retina.
The role of the Indian Ocean sector and sea surface salinity for prediction of the coupled Indo-Pacific system

Title of Dissertation: THE ROLE OF THE INDIAN OCEAN SECTOR AND SEA SURFACE SALINITY FOR PREDICTION OF THE COUPLED INDO-PACIFIC SYSTEM Eric C. Hackert, Doctor of Philosophy, 2016 Dissertation directed by: Professor Antonio J. Busalacchi Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences The purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate the potential downstream influence of the Indian Ocean (IO) on El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts through the oceanic pathway of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), atmospheric teleconnections between the IO and Pacific, and assimilation of IO observations. Also the impact of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the Indo-Pacific region is assessed to try to address known problems with operational coupled model precipitation forecasts. The ITF normally drains warm fresh water from the Pacific reducing the mixed layer depths (MLD). A shallower MLD amplifies large-scale oceanic Kelvin/Rossby waves thus giving ~10% larger response and more realistic ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) variability compared to observed when the ITF is open. In order to isolate the impact of the IO sector atmospheric teleconnections to ENSO, experiments are contrasted that selectively couple/decouple the interannual forcing in the IO. The interannual variability of IO SST forcing is responsible for 3 month lagged widespread downwelling in the Pacific, assisted by off-equatorial curl, leading to warmer NINO3 SST anomaly and improved ENSO validation (significant from 3-9 months). Isolating the impact of observations in the IO sector using regional assimilation identifies large-scale warming in the IO that acts to intensify the easterlies of the Walker circulation and increases pervasive upwelling across the Pacific, cooling the eastern Pacific, and improving ENSO validation (r ~ 0.05, RMS~0.08C). Lastly, the positive impact of more accurate fresh water forcing is demonstrated to address inadequate precipitation forecasts in operational coupled models. Aquarius SSS assimilation improves the mixed layer density and enhances mixing, setting off upwelling that eventually cools the eastern Pacific after 6 months, counteracting the pervasive warming of most coupled models and significantly improving ENSO validation from 5-11 months. In summary, the ITF oceanic pathway, the atmospheric teleconnection, the impact of observations in the IO, and improved IndoPacific SSS are all responsible for ENSO forecast improvements, and so each aspect of this study contributes to a better overall understanding of ENSO. Therefore, the upstream influence of the IO should be thought of as integral to the functioning of ENSO
Tunneled dialysis catheter utilization and patency: A retrospectiveprospective study from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi Pakistan.

Objectives To assess the patency of tunnel dialysis catheters and their results in patients in a tertiary care setting. METHODS The retrospective-prospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Interventional Radiology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from September 2021 to February 2022, and comprised records of patients who underwent tunnel dialysis catheters placement from July 2019 to December 2020. Data regarding age, gender, residence, comorbidity, catheter placement site, use of antibiotics before catheter insertion, reasons for catheter removal, and total catheter days was retrieved from the medical record. Data was analysed using STATA 14. RESULTS Of the 134 patients, 74(56.9%) were males and 56(43.1) were females. The overall median age was 65 years (interquartile range: 56.75-70.25 years). Catheters were electively removed in 97(72.4%) patients, while in 19(14.2%), 16(11.9%) and 2(1.5%) cases, catheters were removed due to infections, blockage and physical damage, respectively. Mortality due to catheter-related complications was not found. Incidence per 10,000 catheter days of overall infection, bacteraemia and other infections during one year was 8.4, 5.3 and 3.1, respectively. Overall infection-free survival rate was seen for 19 patients (survival rate=67.6%). Survival rate from catheter removal was seen in 36 patients (survival rate=53.2%). CONCLUSIONS When all precautions were followed to circumvent catheter-related issues, tunnel dialysis catheters were found to be a viable option for haemodialysis until permanent access for dialysis is gained or a kidney transplant is performed.