Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective Rates, Longitudinal Associations, and Factors Associated With Comorbid Insomnia Symptoms and Perceived Cognitive Impairment

Background Insomnia and cognitive impairment are both common conditions experienced by people diagnosed with cancer. Individually, these conditions have negative impacts on functioning, but the combined burden has yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this research was to estimate rates of comorbid insomnia and perceived cognitive impairments, examine the longitudinal associations between these two conditions, and identify demographic and clinical factors associated with reporting both insomnia and perceived cognitive impairment. Methods In this secondary analysis, a heterogeneous sample of 962 patients completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) at the time of their cancer surgery (baseline; T1) and then again at 2 (T2), 6 (T3), 10 (T4), 14 (T5), and 18 (T6) months. Correlations and partial correlations, controlling for age and education level, were computed at each time point to assess the relationship between ISI and CFQ scores. Cross-lagged correlations assessed associations between ISI and CFQ scores over time. Proportions of patients with comorbid insomnia and cognitive impairments were calculated and logistic regressions investigated changes over time in these proportions. ANOVAs, logistic regressions, ordinal regressions, and multinomial regressions were used to identify risk factors of having comorbid insomnia and cognitive difficulties. Results Significant and bidirectional correlations between ISI and CFQ scores were observed at each time point and over time. The proportion of patients having both clinical levels of insomnia and perceived cognitive difficulties ranged from 18.73 to 25.84% across time points and this proportion was significantly greater at T1 and T2 than T4, T5, and T6. Participants who reported comorbid insomnia and cognitive impairment were more likely to be younger, female, not currently working, currently receiving chemotherapy, with clinical levels depression and anxiety, and using antidepressants or anxiolytics. Conclusion Comorbid insomnia and perceived cognitive impairment affects around one in five patients and is more frequent at the beginning of the cancer care trajectory. The relationship between insomnia and cognitive impairment appears to be bidirectional. Insomnia may represent an important patient level vulnerability that when identified and treated can improve perception of cognitive function.
THE NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF RAILWAY INDUCED VIBRATIONS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Boundary element methods are often employed in the numerical prediction of railway induced vibrations. The evaluation of large models is limited, however, due to the computational requirements in terms of memory storage and computation time, which impedes to rigorously account for the presence of multiple buildings in an urban area. This paper presents a novel hierarchical boundary element method for elastodynamics based on halfspace Green’s functions; meshing of the free surface and the layer interfaces is hence avoided. Numerical examples are discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology, indicating that the model size can be increased with an order of magnitude, which allows to perform large scale boundary element computations. A synthetic case study of an urban environment is finally introduced to investigate the influence of the trough–soil coupling of closely spaced buildings on the wavefield in the soil and the structural response.
Interpretation of Flexural Vibration Modes from Impact-Echo Testing

AbstractThe main goals of this study are to provide an improved interpretation of flexural vibration modes of delaminations in concrete bridge decks detected using impact-echo testing, and to develop a simple two-dimensional (2D) visualization scheme to show the areal extent of likely delaminated regions. To achieve those goals, the study consisted of three main tasks. The first was development of an analytical formulation that relates the fundamental frequency of the response to the geometry of delamination in a concrete plate. The formulation was developed from the thin plate vibration theory and numerical model simulations. The second task was the development of a simple model for predicting dynamic behavior (flexural vibration) of delamination in concrete plates. Finally, in the third task, the validity of the proposed model was verified through a comparison of the results from an experimental study on a near-real-scale concrete bridge deck and the results reported in prior studies. As demonstrated, t.
Test Of Leadership

Like many, I am outraged by the latest chapter in the playbook of Sen. Jesse Helms (R-N.C.), who appears determined to prevent U.S. ratification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). His latest efforts are described on page 8 by Assistant Managing Editor Lois Ember. Helms is once again holding the treaty hostage to his own foreign policy agenda, which includes reorganizing the State Department and reforming the United Nations. These may be laudable goals, but in the process he is threatening the future well-being of this planet. The CWC, which now has 161 signatory nations and, as of last week, had been ratified by 68 countries, is the first treaty that bans an entire class of weapons of mass destruction. This treaty has enjoyed widespread bipartisan support, beginning with the Reagan Administration. Past and present directors of the Central Intelligence Agency, respected military leaders, Republican leaders such as Sen. Richard G. Lugar (R-Ind.) and .
Smart Rotating Machines for Structural Health Monitoring

The objective of this thesis is to explore an innovative approach to the on-line health monitoring of rotating machinery in the presence of structural damage using active magnetic bearings (AMBs). First, the detailed model of the rotor with the breathing transverse crack is developed using finite element method. Next, the experimental data from the rotating magnetically levitated healthy and cracked shafts, under specially designed external excitation force, was collected, analyzed and compared with the computer simulation. The obtained results demonstrate that the presented on-line health monitoring technique is very effective for detection of the structural damage in rotating machinery, and it has a potential to be effectively applied in industry.
Fear

Are all patterns created equal? Cooperation is more likely in spatially simple habitats. Abstract 23 Cooperative behaviours, such as aggregation with neighbouring conspecifics, can enhance resilience in 24 habitats where risks (i.e. predation, physical disturbances) are high, exerting positive feedback loops to 25 maintain a healthy population. At the same time, cooperation behaviours can involve some extra 26 energy expenditures and increasing resource competition. For sessile reefs, like mussels, simulation 27 models predict increased cooperation under increasing levels of environmental stress. Predation risk is 28 viewed as a behaviour-modifying stressor, but its role on cooperation mechanisms, such as likelihood 29 of reciprocity, has not yet been empirically tested. This study harnesses this framework to understand 30 how cooperation changes under different perceived levels of predation risk, using mussel beds as 31 model of a complex ‘self-organised’ system. Hence we assessed the context-dependency of 32 cooperation response in different ‘landscapes of fear’, created by changes in predator cues, substratum 33 availability and body-size. Our experiments demonstrated that i) cooperation in a mussel bed system 34 increases when predator cues are present, but that this relationship was found to be both ii) strongly 35 context-dependent, particularly upon substratum availability and iii) size-dependent. That is, while 36 cooperation is in general greater for larger individuals, the response to risk results in greater 37 cooperation when alternative attachment substratum is absent, meaning that simpler landscapes may 38 be perceived as riskier. The context-dependency of structural complexity is also an essential finding to 39 consider in a changing world where habitats are losing complexity and cooperative strategies should 40 be maximised.
Using Bridging Analogies and Anchoring Institutions to Seal with Students' Preconceptions in Physics

Lessons were designed to deal with students' alternative conceptions in three areas of mechanics: static normal forces, frictional forces, and Newton's third law for moving objects. Instructional techniques such as class discussions of the validity of an analogy between a target problem and an intuitive anchoring example, and forming a structured chain of intermediate bridging analogies were used. There were large differences in pre–posttest gains in favor of the experimental group. In formulating a model of learning processes that can explain these results, it is argued that (a) the lessons have a more complex structure than a simple model of analogy use; (b) rational methods using analogy and other plausible reasoning processes that are neither proof based nor directly empirical can play a very important role in science instruction; (c) much more effort than is usually allocated should be focused on helping students to make sense of an analogy; and (d) researchers and curriculum developers should be focusing at least as much attention on students' useful prior knowledge as they are on students' alternative conceptions.
Anatomical Evaluation of Root and Root Canal Configuration of Permanent Maxillary Dentition in the Population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Aim This study is aimed at combining the sample sizes of all studies on permanent maxillary teeth conducted in different regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to obtain a large sample size that represents the population of the KSA. The outcome of these combined studies is compared with international studies in terms of the number of roots, number of canals, and canal configurations on the basis of Vertucci's classification. Methodology. The studies were systematically reviewed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis chart. Studies were included in the analysis if they were conducted in the KSA, involved permanent human maxillary teeth, and had a sample of more than 10 teeth (power). By contrast, studies were excluded if they involved deciduous teeth in the sample size, investigated nonhuman teeth, were not conducted in the KSA, and were case reports, case series, review studies, and anomalies. Relevant literature was searched from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and Direct Science by two calibrated teams, starting in August 2020, without time limits or language restrictions. Results The database searches and cross-referencing identified a total of 19 relevant studies. All maxillary canines (N = 1,018) had one root, whereas 98.4% had one canal and 98.3% had Vertucci type I. Moreover, 63.2% of the maxillary first premolars had two roots, and 91.4% had two canals. The most common Vertucci root canal configuration was type IV (64.6%). The maxillary second premolars mostly had one root (84.4%) and one canal (50.4%). The most common canal configuration was Vertucci type I (47.1%). The majority of maxillary first molars had three roots (98.9%), 48.7% of which had three canals, and 46.4% had four canals. The most prevalent feature of the canal morphology of mesiobuccal roots was Vertucci type II (35.3%). The investigated maxillary second molars had three roots, 88.0% of which had three canals. Conclusion This systematic review represents the Saudi population since samples were combined from different studies from different regions of the country. Variations in findings were observed in the same group of teeth from different regions and the same region, while the overall combined samples results fell within the range of other international studies.
Trophic niche but not abundance of Collembola and Oribatida changes with drought and farming system

Higher frequencies of summer droughts are predicted to change soil conditions in the future affecting soil fauna communities and their biotic interactions. In agroecosystems drought effects on soil biota may be modulated by different management practices that alter the availability of different food resources. Recent studies on the effect of drought on soil microarthropods focused on measures of abundance and diversity. We here additionally investigated shifts in trophic niches of Collembola and Oribatida as indicated by stable isotope analysis (13C and 15N). We simulated short-term summer drought by excluding 65% of the ambient precipitation in conventionally and organically managed winter wheat fields on the DOK trial in Switzerland. Stable isotope values suggest that plant litter and root exudates were the most important resources for Collembola (Isotoma caerulea, Isotomurus maculatus and Orchesella villosa) and older plant material and microorganisms for Oribatida (Scheloribates laevigatus and Tectocepheus sarekensis). Drought treatment and farming systems did not affect abundances of the studied species. However, isotope values of some species increased in organically managed fields indicating a higher proportion of microorganisms in their diet. Trophic niche size, a measure of both isotope values combined, decreased with drought and under organic farming in some species presumably due to favored use of plants as basal resource instead of algae and microorganisms. Overall, our results suggest that the flexible usage of resources may buffer effects of drought and management practices on the abundance of microarthropods in agricultural systems.
Distinct Effects of Antidepressants in Association With Mood Stabilizers and/or Antipsychotics in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

Abstract Purpose/Background There is a dearth of studies comparing the clinical outcomes of patients with treatment-resistant unipolar (TRD) depression and depression in bipolar disorder (BD) despite similar treatment strategies. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the pharmacological combinations (antidepressants [AD], mood stabilizers [MS], and/or antipsychotics [AP]) used for TRD and BD at the McGill University Health Center. Methods/Procedures We reviewed health records of 206 patients (76 TRD 130 BD) with TRD and BD treated with similar augmentation strategies including AD with MS (AD+MS) or AP (AD+AP) or combination (AD+AP+MS). Clinical outcomes were determined by comparing changes on the 17-time Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness at the beginning (T0) and after 3 months of an unchanged treatment (T3). Findings/Results Baseline HAMD-17 scores in TRD were higher than in BD (P < 0.001), but TRD patients had a greater improvement at end point (P = 0.003). Antidepressants with AP generated greater reductions in HAMD-17 in TRD compared with BD (P = 0.02). Importantly, in BD patients, the addition of AD compared with other treatment strategies failed to improve the outcome. The limitations of this study include possibly unrepresentative subjects from tertiary care settings, incomplete matching of BD and TRD subjects, nonrandomized treatment with unmatched agents, doses, and times, unknown treatment adherence, and nonblinded retrospective outcome assessments. Nevertheless, the findings may reflect real-world interactions of clinically selected pharmacotherapies. Implications/Conclusions Combination of augmentation strategies such as AD+AP and/or MS showed a better clinical improvement in patients with TRD compared with BD suggesting a limited evidence for AD potentiation in BD.
Healthy and unhealthy aging on kidney structure and function: human studies

Purpose of review This review is intended to provide an up-to-date analysis of the structural and functional alterations of the kidneys that accompany healthy and unhealthy aging in humans. Macro- and micro- structural changes and glomerular filtration rate (whole kidney and single nephron) accompanying aging will be stressed. Recent findings Comparative findings concerning distribution of anatomic changes of the kidney healthy and unhealthy aging are reviewed. Challenges concerning definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in otherwise healthy aging patients are discussed. The complex interactions of CKD and aging are discussed. The role of podocyte dysbiosis in kidney aging is reviewed. Summary Kidney aging is a complex phenomenon often difficult to distinguish from CKD. Nonetheless, phenotypes of healthy and unhealthy aging are evident. Much more information concerning the molecular characteristics of normal kidney aging and its relevance to chronic kidney disease is needed.
Ethnic disparities in Phyllodes Tumour in Aotearoa New Zealand: a retrospective review

Phyllodes tumour (PT) is a rare breast neoplasm and little is known about its epidemiological risk factors. The literature suggests a higher incidence of PT in Asian patients and other minority ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to identify whether there was a difference in incidence, grade and age at presentation for patients with PT among minority ethnic groups when compared with European patients in Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ).
Managing TV commercials inventory in the Italian advertising market

This paper studies the problem of a TV broadcaster, managing its programs schedule. A TV network is considered that has to decide on accepting and scheduling requests from its advertisers. A request is formulated both in terms of people to be reached and of budget available for the advertisement campaign. Moreover, several formulations of the problem are presented and defined in such a way as to handle different aspects of the real process: compatibility among advertisements that are scheduled in the same break; compatibility between advertisements and breaks; price discrimination due to the different positions of the advertisements within a break. Since the introduced models are computationally intractable, several heuristics are presented whose performance are evaluated in an extensive computational study based on test problems defined by considering the peculiarities of the Italian advertisements market.
IL‐17 in intervertebral disc degeneration: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) serves as an independent risk factor for lower back pain and is closely associated with spinal musculoskeletal disorders, including lumbar disc herniation, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), also named IL‐17A, is a critical signature cytokine of T‐helper 17 cells. Upon binding to the IL‐17 receptor A/C heterodimeric complex, IL‐17 can trigger multiple signal transduction pathways to stimulate gene transcription and increase messenger RNA stability. IL‐17 expression is significantly increased in degenerative disc tissue and shows a positive correlation with disease severity. IL‐17 has been shown to accelerate the development of IDD by promoting extracellular matrix degradation, enhancing inflammatory response, inducing neoangiogenesis, and inhibiting nucleus pulposus cell autophagy and proliferation. Targeting IL‐17 represents a novel and promising approach for the therapeutic intervention of IDD. In this review, we summarized the recent progression about the role of IL‐17 in IDD and highlighted its therapeutic implications.
Interpersonal Synchronization Protects Against the Antisocial Outcomes of Frustration

Prosociality improves with interpersonal synchronization—the temporal coordination of movement across individuals. We tested whether the benefits of interpersonal synchronization extend to temporary circumstances of induced frustration, where negative changes in prosociality are expected as a result. Participants performed two joint tasks—synchronization versus non-synchronization. Each task was performed twice, with high versus low induced frustration. After each joint task, prosociality was measured both with explicit tests, in which participants were aware of the test goal, and implicit ones, where they were less aware. Frustration levels per task were also reported. Results showed that increase in frustration led to decrease in implicit prosociality after the non-synchronization task, but not after synchronization, suggesting that interpersonal synchronization attenuates the antisocial outcomes of frustration. In addition, our study highlights the advantages of implicit measures of prosociality, among which the test we created (Interpersonal Trust Test) may stand as a useful resource in future experimental research.
Epitope mapping of anti-drug antibodies to a clinical candidate bispecific antibody

ABSTRACT Anti-drug antibodies (ADA) can limit the efficacy and safety of therapeutic antibodies. However, determining the exact nature of ADA interactions with the target drug via epitope mapping is challenging due to the polyclonal nature of the IgG response. Here, we demonstrate successful proof-of-concept for the application of hydroxyl radical footprinting (HRF)-mass spectrometry for epitope mapping of ADAs obtained from goats that were administered a knob-into-hole bispecific antibody (BsAb1). Subsequently, we performed epitope mapping of ADAs obtained from cynomolgus (cyno) monkeys that were administered BsAb1 as we described in a recently published paper. Herein, we provide the first data to demonstrate the feasibility of using HRF for ADA epitope mapping, and show that both goat and cyno-derived ADAs specifically target the complementary-determining regions in both arms of BsAb1, suggesting that the ADA epitopes on BsAb1 may be species-independent.