Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Fantasia’ nectarine: Effects of autumn-applied ethephon on blossoming and cropping

Abstract Ethephon was tested for its ability to delay blossoming in ‘Fantasia’ nectarine (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). The effect on harvest date was also examined. Ethephon, at 50, 200, and 400 mg/litre, was applied as a spray either on 5 April or on 25 April 1985. All sprays delayed the onset of blossoming. The delay in reaching full blossom (>90% open blossoms) was 6–15 days for the first spray, and 14–16 days for the second spray. Ethephon, at 200 mg/litre, significantly increased the number of open blossoms on tagged branches. In addition, all ethephon treatments improved initial fruit set; 200 and 400 mg/litre treatments were most effective. Crop yield (in a low-yielding season) was 8 x greater on trees which had received 200 mg/litre ethephon than on non-treated trees. The blossom delay did not result in slower fruit growth, and did not affect the date of harvest maturity.
Succeeding in Research Project Plans and Literature Reviews for Nursing Students

Introduction PART ONE: GETTING STARTED Getting Started on Your Final-Year Project PART TWO: PLANNING AND PREPARING FOR YOUR FINAL-YEAR PROJECT Planning and Undertaking a Literature Review Planning Your Research Proposal or Dissertation PART THREE: USING AND CRITIQUING RESEARCH FOR YOUR FINAL-YEAR PROJECT Using and Critiquing Research Methods: Interviews and Focus Groups Analyzing Qualitative Data Using and Critiquing Research Methods: Questionnaire Surveys and Experimental Designs Analyzing Quantitative Data and Understanding Basic Statistics Using and Critiquing Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis PART FOUR: WRITING AND FINISHING Writing up Your Literature Review and Documentary Analysis Writing Your Research Proposal and Dissertation Conclusion
A Model for Implementation and Assessment of ICT adoption by teachers in secondary schools in Kikuyu district in Kenya

Secondary schools and teachers are under increasing pressure to use Information and Communication Technology to impart to students the knowledge, skills and attitudes they need to survive in the current century. Many schools have embarked on introducing computers and other ICT related tools for management and for teaching Computer Studies-a subject that has gained popularity among students. Despite all this effort by schools to introduce computers in their schools, it is a known fact that few teachers have taken the initiative to use and apply computers and other ICT tools in their teaching. The purpose of this study was to establish a model that can be used by schools and teachers to adopt ICT and in particular computers in their subject areas. The design of this study was descriptive survey that was conducted in Kikuyu District of Kiambu County, Kenya. The study targeted 100 teachers in 10 secondary schools. Convenience sampling was used to select a sample of 71 teachers. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics as well as simple correlation. The study found out that nearly all the schools surveyed had embraced ICT; however few teachers use the same to deliver content in class. Secondary school teachers are willing to embrace ICT in their teaching but only if there are policies that will force them to follow. Teachers are also going to embrace ICT in their teaching if there are model schools from which they can imitate. The study therefore recommends that the government works out a policy of ICT adoption by teachers in secondary schools.
Present and past sedimentation on the Chilean continental slope.

A combined analysis of terrigenous and biogenic compounds in sediments from the Chilean continental slope shows, extrapolating from present-day conditions, a close relationship between sediment composition and the climatologic and oceanographic setting. Applying this relationship to a sediment core covering the last 120,000 years reveals a distinct precessional cyclicity in the investigated paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic proxies. These cycles reflect latitudinal shifts of the Southern Westerlies, which directly affected the Chilean climate and the productivity of the Peru-Chile Current.
The Sudden Recruitment of (cid:103) -Tubulin to the Centrosome at the Onset of Mitosis and its Dynamic Exchange Throughout the Cell Cycle, Do Not Require Microtubules

(cid:103) -Tubulin is a centrosomal component involved in microtubule nucleation. To determine how this molecule behaves during the cell cycle, we have established several vertebrate somatic cell lines that constitutively express a (cid:103) -tubulin/green ﬂuorescent protein fusion protein. Near simultaneous ﬂuorescence and DIC light microscopy reveals that the amount of (cid:103) -tubu-lin associated with the centrosome remains relatively constant throughout interphase, suddenly increases during prophase, and then decreases to interphase levels as the cell exits mitosis. This mitosis-speciﬁc recruitment of (cid:103) -tubulin does not require microtubules. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) studies reveal that the centrosome possesses two populations of (cid:103) -tubulin: one that turns over rapidly and another that is more tightly bound. The dynamic exchange of centrosome-associated (cid:103) -tubulin occurs throughout the cell cycle, including mitosis, and it does not require microtubules. These data are the ﬁrst to characterize the dynamics of centrosome-associated (cid:103) -tubulin in vertebrate cells in vivo and to demonstrate the microtu-bule-independent nature of these dynamics. They reveal that the additional (cid:103) -tubulin Kilmartin, MRC, Cambridge, UK) and an FITC-conjugated donkey anti–rat IgG sec- ondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.). Since two separated centrosomes are often located in different focal planes, all fluorescence images were collected as Z-series (200-nm steps) on the same microscope workstation used for GFP-imaging. These datasets were then deconvolved using Delta Vision deconvolution software (Applied Precision Inc.) and presented as maximal intensity projection.
Late Ordovician and early Silurian Proetida (Trilobita) from north‐western and central Europe

Species belonging to genera of three families of the Proetida (Proetidae, Rorringtoniidae and Toernquistiidae) are described from the upper Ashgill of southern Sweden, and the same or related species noted from the adjacent parts of northern and central Europe. Proetidae are represented by Paraproetus brevifrons (Angelin), Ogmocnemis irregularis Kielan, Ogmocnemis jaanussoni sp. nov. and Parvigena putealis sp. nov.; it is argued that all belong to the Cornuproetinae, not Tropidocoryphinae where they were previously classified. Ogmocnemis is resurrected for some Upper Ordovician species included previously in Decoroproetus. The rorringtoniid genera Rorringtonia and Madygenia are recognised for the first time in southern Sweden, and it is argued that these are probably closely related, and both are included in the same family; both are recorded for the first time from Silurian (Llandovery) strata. Zetaproetus is claimed to be a junior subjective synonym of Rorringtonia. Solariproetus, first described from north‐west China, is assigned to the Toernquistiidae as a late, derived member, and S. prosthemesos sp. nov. is described from late Rawtheyan strata in the Holy Cross Mountains, Skåne and the English Lake District. Comments are given on the stratigraphical and palaeogeographical distribution of these taxa.
Characterization of Negative Allosteric Modulators of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor for Repurposing as a Treatment of Asthma s

Asthma is still an incurable disease, and there is a recognized need for novel small-molecule therapies for people with asthma, especially those poorly controlled by current treatments. We previously demonstrated that we show that structurally unrelated CaSR NAMs are suitable for inhaled delivery and represent a one-stop, steroid-free approach to asthma control and prophylaxis. Krebs ’ 1 2+ mimic physiologic conditions. Tracheae tested for viability with high K + (40 and 80 mM), and acetylcholine (ACh) concentration-response curves were generated by cumulative addition of ACh to the bath. Preparations were then washed with Krebs ’ buffer before half-maximally contracted with at 50 – Cumu- lative concentration-response curves were then obtained for
Comparison of ScaRaB, GOES 8, aircraft, and surface observations of the absorption of solar radiation by clouds

[1] Data obtained by the Scanner for Radiation Budget (ScaRaB) instrument on the Meteor 3 satellite have been analyzed and compared to satellite (GOES 8), aircraft (Radiation Measurement System, RAMS), and surface (Baseline Solar Radiation Network (BRSN), Solar and Infrared Observations System (SIROS), and RAMS) measurements of irradiance obtained during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE). It is found that the ScaRaB data covering the period from March 1994 to February 1995 (the instrument's operational lifetime) indicate excess absorption of solar radiation by the cloudy atmosphere in agreement with previous aircraft, surface, and GOES 8 results. The full ScaRaB data set combined with BSRN and SIROS surface observations gives an average all-sky absorptance of 0.28. The GOES 8 data set combined with RAMS surface observations gives an average all-sky absorptance of 0.26. The aircraft data set (RAMS) gives a mean all-sky absorptance of 0.24 (for the column between 0.5 and 13 km).
δ18O and Marion Plateau backstripping: Combining two approaches to constrain late middle Miocene eustatic amplitude

d 18 Obenthic values from Leg 194 Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1192 and 1195 (drilled on the Marion Plateau) were combined with deep-sea values to reconstruct the magnitude range of the late middle Miocene sea-level fall (13.6‐11.4 Ma). In parallel, an estimate for the late middle Miocene sea-level fall was calculated from the stratigraphic relationship identified during Leg 194 and the structural relief of carbonate platforms that form the Marion Plateau. Corrections for thermal subsidence induced by Late Cretaceous rifting, flexural sediment loading, and sediment compaction were taken into account. The response of the lithosphere to sediment loading was considered for a range of effective elastic thicknesses (10 , Te , 40 km). By overlapping the sea-level range of both the deep-sea isotopes and the results from the backstripping analysis, we demonstrate that the amplitude of the late middle Miocene sea-level fall was 45‐68 m (56.5 6 11.5 m). Including an estimate for sea-level variation using the d 18 Obenthic results from the subtropical Marion Plateau, the range of sea-level fall is tightly constrained between 45 and 55 m (50.0 6 5.0 m). This result is the first precise quantitative estimate for the amplitude of the late middle Miocene eustatic fall that sidesteps the errors inherent in using benthic foraminifera assemblages to predict paleo‐water depth. The estimate also includes an error analysis for the flexural response of the lithosphere to both water and sediment loads. Our result implies that the extent of ice buildup in the Miocene was larger than previously estimated, and conversely that the amount of cooling associated with this event was less important.
SAGE III aerosol extinction measurements: Initial results

Beginning in February 2002, the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III) has been producing aerosol extinction profiles in the upper troposphere and stratosphere at nine wavelengths between 384 and 1545 nm. An initial examination of the data quality has found that the data agree well with coincident measurements by SAGE II and the shape of the aerosol spectra suggests that the measurement ensemble is consistent across most wavelengths. A problem, probably associated with ozone cross sections, creates small bias at 755 nm and possibly 869 nm. The channel at 601 nm is noisy due to strong ozone absorption and is produced mostly as a tool for tracking ozone data quality.
A Survey on Adrenal Incidentaloma in Italy

The aim of this study was to perform a national survey on occasionally discovered adrenal masses [adrenal incidentalomas (AI)] under the auspices of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. This multicentric and retrospective evaluation of patients with AI includes 1096 cases collected in 26 centers between 1980 and 1995. Relevant information was obtained by means of a specifically tailored questionnaire. Of the 1096 forms received, 1004 were retained for final analysis. Patients were 420 males and 584 females, aged between 15–86 yr (median, 58 yr). Mass size (computed tomography measurement) ranged from 0.5–25 cm (median, 3.0 cm). Hormonal work-up demonstrated that 85% of the masses were nonhypersecretory, 9.2% were defined as subclinical Cushing’s syndrome, 4.2% were pheochromocytomas, and 1.6% were aldosteronomas. Adrenalectomy was performed in 380 patients with removal of 198 cortical adenomas (52%), 47 cortical carcinomas (12%), 42 pheochromocytomas (11%), and other less frequent tumor types. Patients w.
CellsNatural and Induced Tolerogenic Dendritic

cells for subsequent presentation to T cells, thereby further enhancing tolerance toward self-antigens. Similarly, ntDCs uptake, process, and present soluble Ag. ntDCs, which are predominantly DC1s, inherently express immunomodulatory molecules (including BTLA, PD-L1, B7h, and CD80/CD86) as well as cytokines (such as TGF- b and IL-10). Interaction of BTLA with the T cell–expressed receptor HVEM is necessary for the efﬁcient induction of pTreg cells and long-lasting tolerance.
Interannual variability in rainfall and its impact on nutrient load and phytoplankton in Myponga Reservoir, South Australia

Abstract Rainfall in Australia is highly variable and this lends complexity to nutrient loading models. Nutrient loads are important to reservoir management from the perspective of eutrophication and associated algal problems. We describe a flow‐weighted monitoring program, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient budgets and a hydrology based iterative phosphorus loading model. This model can predict reservoir total phosphorus load in an inter‐annually variable system, Myponga Reservoir, South Australia. Rainfall variability is partially attributed to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the implications for long‐term forecasting of algal biomass for reservoir management are discussed.
Evaluation of the convection‐resolving regional climate modeling approach in decade‐long simulations

The uncertainties in current global and regional climate model integrations are partly related to the representation of clouds, moist convection, and complex topography, thus motivating the use of convection‐resolving models. On climate time scales, convection‐resolving methods have been used for process studies, but application to long‐term scenario simulations has been very limited. Here we present a convection‐resolving simulation for a 10 yearlong period (1998–2007) integrated with the Consortium for Small‐Scale Modeling in Climate Mode model. Two one‐way nested grids are used with horizontal resolutions of 2.2 km for a convection‐resolving model (CRM2) on an extended Alpine domain (1100 km × 1100 km) and 12 km for a convection‐parametrizing model (CPM12) covering Europe. CPM12 is driven by lateral boundary conditions from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Validation is conducted against high‐resolution surface data. The CRM2 model strongly improves the simulation of the diurnal cycles of precipitation and temperature, despite an enhanced warm bias and a tendency for the overestimation of precipitation over the Alps. The CPM12 model has a poor diurnal cycle associated with the use of parameterized convection. The assessment of extreme precipitation events reveals that both models adequately represent the frequency‐intensity distributions for daylong events in summer, but large differences occur for hourly precipitation. The CPM12 model underestimates the frequency of heavy hourly events, while CRM2 shows good agreement with observations in the summer season. We also present results on the scaling of precipitation extremes with local daily mean temperatures. In accordance with observations, CRM2 exhibits adiabatic scaling for intermediate hourly events (90th percentile) and superadiabatic scaling for extreme hourly events (99th and 99.9th percentiles) during the summer season. The CPM12 model partly reproduces this scaling as well. The excellent performance of CRM2 in representing hourly precipitation events in terms of intensity and scaling is highly encouraging, as this addresses a previously untested (and untuned) model capability.
A BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGIC STUDY OF MYELINATION AND DEMYELINATION

Samples of normal grey matter, white matter, and peripheral nerves obtained from rats were incubated in Warburg vessels with glucose and a labelled lipide precursor (acetate, phosphate, choline, glycerol, glucose). The total lipides were then extracted and their radioactivity measured. The preparations were compared with respect to dry weight, lipide content, O2 uptake, and ability to incorporate the various substrates into the lipides. Grey matter was found to be the least damaged by incubation, white matter the most. Damage to the tissue depressed lipogenesis to a greater extent than respiration. Five substrates were compared with respect to their degree of incorporation into the lipides of the various preparations. White matter, which had a greater oxygen uptake than peripheral nerves, showed the lowest degree of incorporation for most of the substrates studied. The results suggest that there are considerable quantitative differences in the metabolism of central and peripheral myelin. In the sciatic preparations, oxygen uptake and lipogenesis from acetate were found to decrease from the proximal to the distal end of the nerve. This finding may be relevant to the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies. The growth and metabolic activity of peripheral nerves were studied in rats aged 1 to 500 days, and the biochemical and histological findings were correlated. The results indicated that the lipogenetic activity of the Schwann cell was lowest in the newborn animal, and reached its peak at about 20 days. Comparative data were also obtained from the cerebral cortex. The growth pattern of peripheral nerves was distinctly different from that of the brain. With respect to changes in tissue weight, respiration, and lipogenesis, growing peripheral nerve correlated with body weight, while the brain matured much more rapidly.
A statistical investigation of the Cowling channel efficiency in the auroral zone

[1] The Cowling channel mechanism describes the creation of a secondary polarization electric field at sharp conductance boundaries in the ionosphere due to excess charges for the case in which the release of these charges to the magnetosphere is fully or partially impeded. The secondary currents generated by the polarization electric field effectively modify the effective ionospheric conductivity inside the Cowling channel. While the Cowling mechanism is generally accepted for the equatorial electrojet, there is a long-standing discussion about the importance of this mechanism and its efficiency in the auroral electrojet. We present a statistical investigation that enables us to identify the most probable geospace conditions and MLT locations for a high Cowling efficiency. This investigation is based on more than 1600 meridional profiles of data from the Magnetometers-Ionospheric Radars-All-sky Cameras Large Experiment (MIRACLE) network in Scandinavia, in particular, ground magnetic field data from the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometer network and electric field data from the Scandinavian Twin Auroral Radar Experiment (STARE) radar, supported with pointwise ionospheric conductance measurements from the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar. We analyze the data in the framework of a 3-D ionospheric model, but our data set is filtered so that only electrojet-type situations are included so that the gradients of all measured quantities in longitudinal direction can be neglected. The analysis results in a steep peak of high Cowling channel efficiency probability in the early morning sector (0245–0645 MLT), with the largest probability around 0500 MLT and for medium and high geomagnetic activity. In agreement with an earlier single-event study by Amm and Fujii (2008), this indicates that the Cowling mechanism may be most effective in the early morning part of the central substorm bulge. Further, our analysis results in an almost monotonic increase of the probability of high Cowling channel efficiency with increasing geomagnetic activity.
HUMAN PLACENTAL GLUCURONIDATION AND TRANSPORT OF 3 (cid:1) AZIDO-3 (cid:1) DEOXYTHYMIDINE AND URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCURONIC ACID

: These studies were performed to characterize the contribution of the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes to the clearance of 3 (cid:1) -azido-3 (cid:1) -deoxythymidine (AZT) in vivo and to assess the regulation of UGT activity [including the disposition of the cofactor uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA)] in the placenta. Transport of AZT and the cofactor UDPGA across the human placenta and the glucuronidation capacity of the placenta for AZT were assessed using a human placental cell line (JEG-3), primary cultures of villous term placenta, placental subcellular fractions, and a recirculating perfusion model. Glucuronidation of AZT was consistently observed at approximately 2% of the dose administered. High levels of AZT in cultured primary placental cells and lines caused autoinhibition of AZT metabolism. AZT crossed the perfused placenta in a bidirectional fashion and was at equilibrium after 3 h, whereas the AZT-glucuronide
Zooming in on Heinrich layers

Theories explaining the origin of the abrupt, massive discharges of ice-rafted detritus (IRD) into the glacial North Atlantic (the Heinrich layers (HLs)) generally point to the Laurentide ice sheet as the sole source of these events, until it was found that the IRDs also originated from Icelandic and European ice sheets [Bond and Lotti, 1995; Snoeckx et al., 1999; Grousset et al., 2000]. This apparent contradiction must be reconciled as it raises fundamental questions about the mechanism(s) of HL origin. We have analyzed two ∼12 cm thick HLs in an ultrahigh-resolution mode (1–2 century intervals) in a mid-Atlantic ridge piston core. The δ18O record (N. pachyderma left coiling) reveals strong excursions induced by the melting of the icebergs; these excursions are associated with a strong decrease in the amount of planktic foraminafersand with a 3°C cooling of the surface waters. Counts of coarse detrital grains reveal that IRD are deposited according to a typical sequence (1) volcanic glass, (2) quartz and feldspars, (3) detrital carbonate, that implies a chronology in the melting of the differentpan-Atlantic ice sheets. Sr and Nd isotopic composition confirm that in both Heinrich layers H1 and H2, “precursor” IRD came from first Europe/Iceland, followed then by Laurentide-derived IRD. An internal cyclicity can be identified: during H1 and H2, about four to six major, abrupt discharges occurred roughly on a century timescale. The δ13C and δ15N records reveal that dominant inputs of continent-derived organic matter are associated with IRD within the HLs, hiding the plankton productivity signal.