Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of the Impact of Vegetation Indices on the Variability of West African Summer Monsoon

The climate impacts of leaf area index (LAI) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) on the West African summer monsoon in 1987 and 1988 were investigated through a series of numerical experiments conducted with satellite products and the Simplified Simple Biosphere land surface model (SSiB). The SSiB was run in the offIine mode as well as in the coupled mode with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction General Circulation Model (GCM). Prescribed monthly LAI and FVC from a look-up table based on limited ground surveys and those derived from satellite remote sensing were employed in the control and test runs, respectively.Compared with the control runs, both the GCM and offline test runs with satellite measured LAI/FVC produce higher soil moisture and lower surface temperature in tropical West Africa to the south of about 15°N, with the maximum deviations being located around 12°N. This leads to the northward shift of the maximum of positive latitudinal temperature gradient. The associated easterly shear in the lower troposphere results in the African easterly jet and summer rainfall band in West Africa shifting to the north, which partially corrects the dry bias in the GCM control runs. In addition, the GCM test run simulates a relatively stronger West African summer monsoon in 1988, with a northward shifted African easterlyjet, a stronger tropical easterlyjet, and more rainfall than in 1987, consistent with observations. However, due to small differences in satellite measured LAI/FVC between 1987 and 1988, the model fails to produce interannual variations of precipitation as large as seen in the observation. Water balance analysis has also been carried out to investigate the dominant processes affecting the changes in precipitation. The relative contributions of moisture flux convergence and surface evapotranspiration are identified. The comparisons between GCM and offline results in this study demonstrate a possible future application of CEOP data in African climate study.
Comparison between ultrasound and nerve stimulation for infraclavicular catheter placement â•fi a reply

I thank Drs. Dalay and Jagannathan for their interest in our study, which compared nerve stimulation with ultrasound guidance for infraclavicular catheter placement [1]. We agree that patients with higher BMI may benefit from regional anesthesia, even though the risk of block failure is higher [2, 3]. We excluded very obese patients (BMI > 35 kg.m ) in order to reduce the contribution of obesity as a confounding factor in our comparison. However, we did include overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg.m ) and obese (BMI 30.0–34.9 kg.m ) participants, as it would have been unreasonable to exclude them, given rates of obesity within the general population. Effectively, therefore, we excluded approximately 8–11% of potential participants, based on Canadian population statistics for obesity [4]. With regard to using ultrasound and nerve stimulation together, the present study originated from a previous, small study in which we compared dual guidance with nerve stimulation [5]. As the usefulness of dual guidance is debatable [6, 7], we designed the present study to compare only one method of guidance with the other. We retained equipoise when comparing complications between the two techniques, as there appears to be no difference in neurological injury between ultrasound and nerve stimulator-guided peripheral nerve blockade [8].
Administration of antibiotics subcutaneously: an integrative literature review

OBJECTIVE: To characterize scientific articles related to the use of antibiotics by the subcutaneous route in patients with difficult venous access in palliative care, regarding local tolerance and therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: Integrative literature review conducted in the databases of LILACS, CINAHL, PubMED, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, using Evidence-Based Practice as a theoretical framework. RESULTS: Seventeen articles were selected with ten different antibiotics, with ceftriaxone being the most studied antibiotic. Therapeutic efficacy was observed based on pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters. The local tolerance was associated with greater dilution of antibiotics. With administration of aminoglycosides, serious injuries and tissue necrosis were observed. A low tolerance reinforced the restriction of use only to this class of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The predictions of therapeutic efficacy and good tolerance suggest a possibility to be considered when there is need of an alternative parenteral route of administration, but caution is advised, since none of the studies evaluated patients in palliative care.
DMSO_A_238224 1653..1660

that the prevalence of T2DM among adolescents and children increased by 30.5% in the United States from 2001 to 2009. In addition, there was a high prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in children. A study from Chahkandi et al showed a prevalence of 10.6% for impaired fasting glucose in boys. The individuals with impaired fasting glucose might progress to become diabetes patients. The United
Physicochemical properties of several sorghum cultivars

The aim of this analysis was to look at different sorghum cultivars. Chemical and mineral composition of Parbhani moti and Parbhani super moti sorghums were compared in a sample. Parbhani moti (33.5 gm) and (1.21 g/ml) had the maximum 1000 seed weight and bulk density, respectively. The fat, carbohydrate, protein, and fibre content of parbhani moti and super moti were determined. 7.39 percent, 73.20 percent, 7.89 percent, 8.59 percent, and 2.24 percent, 2.59 percent for sorghum, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison of the mineral composition of parbhani moti and parbhani super moti revealed that calcium was 7.56 and 35.27 mg/100g, phosphorus was 318.0 and 379.8 mg/100g, and iron was 12.39 and 4.69 mg/100g, respectively.
Mouse Model of Allergic Inflammation and Airway Hyper-Responsiveness in a Flt-3 Ligand Reverses Late Allergic Response

Flt3 ligand (Flt3-L) is a growth factor for dendritic cells and induces type 1 T cell responses. We recently reported that Flt3-L prevented OVA-induced allergic airway inﬂammation and suppressed late allergic response and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). In the present study we examined whether Flt3-L reversed allergic airway inﬂammation in an established model of asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA, and AHR to methacholine was established. Then mice with AHR were randomized and treated with PBS or 6 (cid:1) g of Flt3-L i.p. for 10 days. Pulmonary functions and AHR to methacholine were examined after rechallenge with OVA. Treatment with Flt3-L of presensitized mice signiﬁcantly suppressed ( p < 0.001) the late allergic response, AHR, bronchoalveolar lavage ﬂuid total cellularity, absolute eosinophil counts, and inﬂammation in the lung tissue. There was a signiﬁcant decrease in proinﬂammatory cytokines (TNF- (cid:2) , IL-4, and IL-5) in bronchoalveolar lavage ﬂuid, with a signiﬁcant increase in serum IL-12 and a decrease in serum IL-5 levels. There was no signiﬁcant effect of Flt3-L treatment on serum IL-4 and serum total IgE levels. Sensitization with OVA signiﬁcantly increased CD11b (cid:3) CD11c (cid:3) cells in the lung, and this phenomenon was not signiﬁcantly affected by Flt3-L treatment. These data suggest that Flt3-L can reverse allergic airway inﬂammation and associated changes in pulmonary functions in murine asthma model. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 172:
Phosphorus-limitedgrowth dynamics in twoBaltic Sea cyanobacteria,Nodularia sp. andAphanizomenon sp

Rates of carbon (C) specific growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation were monitored in cultures of Baltic Sea Nodularia and Aphanizomenon exposed to gradual limitation by inorganic phosphorus (P). Both cyanobacteria responded by decreased cellular P content followed by lowered rates of growth and N2 fixation. C-specific growth and cellular N content changed faster in Aphanizomenon both when inorganic P was lowered as well as during reintroduction of P. Aphanizomenon also showed a more rapid increase in N-specific N2 fixation associated with increased C-specific growth. When ambient concentrations of inorganic P declined, both cyanobacteria displayed higher rates of alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity. Lower substrate half-saturation constants (KM) and higher Vmax : KM ratio of the APase enzyme associated with Nodularia suggest a higher affinity for dissolved organic P (DOP) substrate than Aphanizomenon. Aphanizomenon, which appears more sensitive to changes in ambient dissolved inorganic P, may be adapted to environments with elevated concentrations of P or repeated intrusions of nutrient-rich water. Nodularia on the other hand, with its higher tolerance to increased P starvation may have an ecological advantage in stratified surface waters of the Baltic Sea during periods of low P availability.
How Formation Timescales Affect the Period Dependence of the Transition Between Rocky Super-Earths and Gaseous Sub-Neptunes and Implications for η⊕

One of the most significant advances by NASA’s Kepler Mission was the discovery of an abundant new population of highly irradiated planets with sizes between those of the Earth and Neptune, unlike anything found in the Solar System. Subsequent analysis showed that at ∼1.5 R⊕ there is a transition from a population of predominantly rocky super-Earths to non-rocky sub-Neptunes, which must have substantial volatile envelopes to explain their low densities. Determining the origin of these highly irradiated rocky planets will be critical to our understanding of low-mass planet formation and the frequency of potentially habitable Earth-like planets. These short-period rocky super-Earths could simply be the stripped cores of sub-Neptunes, which have lost their envelopes due to atmospheric photo-evaporation or other processes, or they might instead be a separate population of inherently rocky planets, which never had significant envelopes. We suggest an observational path forward to distinguish between these scenarios. Using models of atmospheric photo-evaporation, we show that if most bare rocky planets are the evaporated cores of sub-Neptunes then the transition radius should decrease as surveys push to longer orbital periods, since on wider orbits only planets with smaller less massive cores can be stripped. On the other hand, if most rocky planets formed after their disks dissipate then these planets will have formed without initial gaseous envelopes. In this case, we use N-body simulations of planet formation to show that the transition radius should increase with orbital period, due to the increasing solid mass available in their disks. Moreover, we show that distinguishing between these two scenarios should be possible in coming years with radial velocity follow-up of planets found by TESS. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of this work for current efforts to measure η⊕, which may yield significant overestimates if most rocky planets form as evaporated cores.
± Ribavirin following protease inhibitors failure - A Prospective Multi-Centre Trial CURRENT STATUS: REVIEW

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment with first generation protease inhibitors (PI)+peg-interferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV) achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) rates of 65-75% but was associated with multiple side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir (3D)±RBV in HCV genotype 1 patients that failed previous treatment with first generation PIs. Methods: An investigator-initiated, open-label, multi-centre clinical trial. HCV Genotype 1 patients who were previously null/partial responders or relapsers to telaprevir, boceprevir or simepravir+pegIFN/RBV and met eligibility criteria were included. 3D±RBV were administrated for 12 or 24 weeks according to label. The primary outcome was antiviral response (SVR12); Secondary outcomes were patient reported outcomes, adverse events and resistance associated variants. Results: Thirty-nine patients initiated treatment according to study protocol (59% men, age 54.0±8.7 years, BMI 28.7±4.5 kg/m2). Thirty-seven (94.9%) completed the study. Thirty-five patients had genotype 1b (9 cirrhotics) and 4 had genotype 1a (2 cirrhotics). Intention-to-treat SVR12 was 92.3% and per-protocol SVR12 was 97.3%. The rate of advanced fibrosis (FibroScan® score F3-4) declined from 46.2% to 25.7% (P=0.045). Abnormal ALT levels declined from 84.6% to 8.6% (P<0.001). Seven patients (17.9%) experienced serious adverse events (3 Psychiatric admissions, 1 pneumonia, 1 ankle fracture, 2 palpitations), and 12 patients (30.8%) experienced self-reported adverse events, mostly weakness. Conclusion: 3D±RBV is safe and effective in achieving SVR among patients with HCV genotype previous first-generation PI Clinical trial and failure of first generation PI treatment. Although these might not be of pivotal importance in many countries with unlimited access to effective all-oral combinations, this regimen, with cheaper yet effective medications, can be used as an additional option for second line treatment, especially where medication cost hinders treatment options due to limited resources.
CIA_A_259422 1271..1283

Rehabilitation Research Chair (RRC), College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Background: Poor daily life physical activities among older people were related to depressive mood especially memory loss. In addition to that, the change in physical ability is significantly associated with the score of depression among older age. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a supervised aerobic training program with moderate intensity for 12 weeks on mood profiles and hormonal levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) of older adults. Methods: A total of 80 individuals of both gender (90 males, 110 females) of ages ranged between 65 and 95 years were recruited for this study. Based upon the profile of mood states (POMS) analysis, the participants were classified into two groups: control group (n=30) and depressive group (n=50). Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), adrenal hormones such as ACTH, corticosterone (CORT), cortisol, DHEA/S, and cortisol:DHEA/S ratio were measured at baseline and post-intervention of moderate aerobic exercise for 12 weeks. Results: Older adults with higher depressive scores showed a remarkable change in the level of adrenal hormones compared to control. There was a significant increase in the level of ACTH, CORT, cortisol, and cortisol:DHEA/S ratio, and decrease in DHEA/S. Compared to females, males showed an improvement in depressive mood score along with an increase in LPTA, DHEA/S and decrease in ACTH, CORT, cortisol, cortisol:DHEA/S ratio following 12 weeks of supervised aerobic training, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that 12 weeks of supervised exercise interventions are promising non-drug therapeutic strategies in improving depression among older adults. The potential performance in a psychological state occurs physiologically via optimizing the levels of the hormones of the HPA axis.
INTERLACEMENTS AND THE WIRED UNIFORM SPANNING FOREST BY TOM HUTCHCROFT

We extend the Aldous–Broder algorithm to generate the wired uniform spanning forests (WUSFs) of infinite, transient graphs. We do this by replacing the simple random walk in the classical algorithm with Sznitman’s random interlacement process. We then apply this algorithm to study the WUSF, showing that every component of the WUSF is one-ended almost surely in any graph satisfying a certain weak anchored isoperimetric condition, that the number of ‘excessive ends’ in the WUSF is nonrandom in any graph, and also that every component of the WUSF is one-ended almost surely in any transient unimodular random rooted graph. The first two of these results answer positively two questions of Lyons, Morris and Schramm [Electron. J. Probab. 13 (2008) 1702–1725], while the third extends a recent result of the author. Finally, we construct a counterexample showing that almost sure oneendedness of WUSF components is not preserved by rough isometries of the underlying graph, answering negatively a further question of Lyons, Morris and Schramm.
LHS catalogue. A catalogue of stars with proper motions exceeding 0

Processes and devices are described which employ flexible substrates made from cloth impregnated with a resin of a particular composition. The flexible substrate is made into double-clad printed wiring substrate for use in double-sided circuits. These substrates exhibit excellent dimensional stability during circuit fabrication and soldering as well as excellent flame retardance and electrical insulation resistance.
IkBa Deficiency Results in a Sustained NF-kB Response and Severe Widespread Dermatitis in Mice

J. F. KLEMENT,* N. R. RICE, B. D. CAR, S. J. ABBONDANZO,† G. D. POWERS, H. BHATT,‡ C. -H. CHEN,‡ C. A. ROSEN,§ AND C. L. STEWART\ Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, and Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110; ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702; Research and Development, Du Pont-Merck, Stine-Haskell Research Center, Newark, Delaware 19714-0030
Minimum Daylight Autonomy: A New Concept to Link Daylight Dynamic Metrics with Daylight Factors

ABSTRACT Daylight metrics act as a useful tool to quantify the potential of natural light in an architectural space as well as the energy savings promoted by a suitable design of windows, atriums, and skylights. Accordingly, a new indoor lighting metric is proposed, minimum daylight autonomy, defined as the percentage of occupied time when an illuminance threshold can be met by daylight alone under continuous overcast sky conditions. This novel concept can determine an approximation of the maximum use of electric lighting and the quantification of minimum energy savings without the need for advanced calculation tools. Although daylight factor is the most widespread concept, it cannot forecast energy savings as accurately as dynamic metrics. In addition, daylight autonomy is the most usual dynamic definition, because it estimates the energy consumption of on–off electric lighting systems depending on weather conditions. However, there is no link between static and dynamic metrics, because both concepts are based on different variables. This research proposes the calculation procedure for minimum daylight autonomy, as well as the equations that serve to predict dynamic metrics based on static metrics, after confirming the accuracy of the simulation program that calculates the metrics using a test cell under real conditions.
DMSO_A_295753 1563..1574

1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Purpose: To evaluate metformin’s benefit on the incidence and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from 2006 to 2019. The patients were assigned to metformin exposure if they administered metformin at least 3 months after diagnosis of cirrhosis. The outcomes were incidence and survival of HCC in T2DM with cirrhosis treated with metformin compared with those who were not treated with metformin. For the incidence of HCC, the follow-up time was 5 years after cirrhosis was diagnosed. For the survival of HCC, we censored for vital status in June 2019. Results: Of 1061 patients, the patients were divided into 719 patients with metformin exposure and 342 in metformin non-exposure. In metformin exposure, 125 patients (17.4%) developed HCC. In metformin non-exposure, 128 patients (37.4%) developed HCC. Metformin exposure had a significantly lower risk of developing HCC in multivariate analysis HR 0.48 (0.36–0.61); P<0.001. For the survival of HCC, 327 patients were recruited. One-hundred and sixty-two patients were in metformin exposure and 165 patients were in metformin non-exposure. Sixty patients (37%) in metformin exposure died, while 84 patients (50.9%) in metformin non-exposure died. The median survival of metformin exposure and metformin non-exposure were 6.9 years and 3.88 years, respectively; P=0.003. In univariate analysis, the metformin exposure was significantly associated with better survival than in the non-exposure group, HR 0.63 (0.45–0.88); P=0.006. No significant difference was observed in multivariate analysis between two groups, HR 1.07 (0.74–1.54); P=0.72. Conclusion: Metformin exposure was associated with a lower incidence of HCC in cirrhosis with T2DM patients and seemed to extend survival. Continuing metformin in patients with cirrhosis with T2DM should be considered if there was no contraindication.
Ultrastructural and Functional Remodeling of the Coupling Between Ca 2 (cid:1) Influx and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2 (cid:1) Release in Right Atrial Myocytes From Experimental Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Rationale: Persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with structural and electric remodeling and reduced contractile function. Objective: To unravel mechanisms underlying reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2 (cid:1) release in persistent AF. Methods: We studied cell shortening, membrane currents, and [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i in right atrial myocytes isolated from sheep with persistent AF (duration 129 (cid:2) 39 days, N (cid:3) 16), compared to matched control animals (N (cid:3) 21). T-tubule density, ryanodine receptor (RyR) distribution, and local [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i transients were examined in confocal imaging. Results: Myocyte shortening and underlying [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i transients were profoundly reduced in AF (by 54.8% and 62%, P < 0.01). This reduced cell shortening could be corrected by increasing [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i . SR Ca 2 (cid:1) content was not different. Calculated fractional SR Ca 2 (cid:1) release was reduced in AF (by 20.6%, P < 0.05). Peak Ca 2 (cid:1) current density was modestly decreased (by 23.9%, P < 0.01). T-tubules were present in the control atrial myocytes at low density and strongly reduced in AF (by 45%, P < 0.01), whereas the regular distribution of RyR was unchanged. Synchrony of SR Ca 2 (cid:1) release in AF was significantly reduced with increased areas of delayed Ca 2 (cid:1) release. Propagation between RyR was unaffected but Ca 2 (cid:1) release at subsarcolemmal sites was reduced. Rate of Ca 2 (cid:1) extrusion by Na (cid:1) /Ca 2 (cid:1) exchanger was increased. Conclusions: In persistent AF, reduced SR Ca 2 (cid:1) release despite preserved SR Ca 2 (cid:1) content is a major factor in contractile dysfunction. Fewer Ca 2 (cid:1) channel–RyR couplings and reduced efficiency of the coupling at subsarcolemmal sites, possibly related to increased Na (cid:1) /Ca 2 (cid:1) exchanger, underlie the reduction in Ca 2 (cid:1) release. ( Circ Res . 2009;105: 876-885.) Methods for cell isolation, measurements of cell shortening and [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i , confocal imaging and image analysis, immunofluorescence, and molecular biology are detailed in the Online Data Supplement. and functional remodeling of the coupling between Ca 2+ influx and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release in right atrial myocytes of experimental persistent atrial fibrillation. ’