Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
#EntreViagenseAprendizagens: study protocol of a school-based intervention to promote well-being and healthy lifestyles among adolescents

Background Adolescence is a critical period of development in which well-being usually decreases, mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety) increase, and lifestyles become less healthy. Schools are a primary setting for the promotion of the well-being and overall health of adolescents, and preventive actions should be a priority within the scope of health-promoting schools. #EntreViagenseAprendizagens is a school-based intervention aiming to promote well-being and healthy lifestyles among adolescents based on social and emotional learning, positive psychology, and health education approaches. Methods This protocol describes a school-based intervention, #EntreViagenseAprendizagens, that will be implemented in several schools in Portugal. The program is aimed at 8th and 9th grade students (14–16 years old) and comprises 20 weekly sessions. One of the sessions is aimed at the students’ parents/guardians. The intervention content targets social and emotional skills, health literacy (physical and mental health), healthy lifestyles, character strengths, and well-being. An experimental design will be used in the intervention evaluation. Eighth grade classes will be randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group. All students complete the same assessment protocol at baseline, post-intervention, and 9-month follow-up. The impact assessment protocol includes measures related to well-being, health literacy, health-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, relationships with others, social and emotional skills, and sociodemographic data. Process evaluation includes evaluation forms at the end of each session and at the end of the program and focus groups with students, parents, and teachers at the end of the program. Discussion This school-based intervention may play an important role in promoting students’ well-being and in preventing unhealthy lifestyles and socio-emotional maladjustment, by focusing on the development of social and emotional skills and health literacy among adolescents, empowering them to face the changing future and grow up healthy. Furthermore, this project aims to provide relevant scientific findings that can contribute to the development of better health-promoting schools.
Nonlinear effects of urbanization routes (proportion of small cities, and proportion of large cities) on environmental degradation, evidence from China, India, Indonesia, the United States, and Brazil

The dynamic stochastic effects regressions on population, affluence, and technology model used in this study reveals the nonlinear effects of urbanization routes on CO2 emissions in China, India, Indonesia, the United States, and Brazil during 1970–2020, using dynamic seemingly unrelated regression, dynamic ordinary least square, and fully modified ordinary least square techniques. The empirical analysis shows that urbanization and the proportion of small cities contribute significantly to CO2 emissions, while the square of urbanization and the square of the proportion of small cities significantly reduce CO2 emissions, thus supporting the inverted U-shaped relationship for the selected countries. However, the effect of the proportion of large cities significantly reduces CO2 emissions, while the square of the proportion of large cities significantly promotes CO2 emissions, supporting a U-shaped relationship for specific countries. Gross domestic product, industrial development, and transport infrastructure contribute significantly to carbon emissions, while renewable energy generation significantly reduces carbon emissions. The country-level augmented mean group estimator in the analysis supports an inverted U-shaped relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions and a U-shaped relationship between the proportion of large cities and carbon emissions in all selected countries. There is also an inverted U-shaped relationship between the proportion of small cities and carbon emissions in China, India, Indonesia, and Brazil. The causality test results acknowledge bidirectional causality between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions; between urbanization squared and carbon dioxide emissions; between the proportion of the largest cities and carbon dioxide emissions, and between renewable energy and carbon dioxide emissions. This study recommends renewable energy options, green urban infrastructure, and digital technologies to improve the environmental quality of urban areas.
Green Electroluminescence from Radial m-Plane InGaN Quantum Wells Grown on GaN Wire Sidewalls by Metal–Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy

We demonstrate green emission from InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on m-plane sidewalls of GaN wires. To tune the emission wavelength, InGaN radial wells were grown by metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) at decreasing temperatures ranging from 710 down to 620 °C to increase the In incorporation. A comprehensive investigation combining structural and optical analyses demonstrates that the green emission from the nonpolar m-plane wire sidewalls is achieved for the wells grown at 650 °C (namely, for 2.7 nm thick wells sandwiched by 11 nm thick GaN barriers). The observed emission wavelength of 500–550 nm is consistent with an average In-content of MQWs measured in the range of 24 ± 4% by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atom probe tomography (APT). Single wires were electrically contacted and the green electroluminescence from m-plane facets was established on single wire-LED devices. This demonstrates the possibility to produce green emitters with core–shell wire LEDs elaborated by indu.
Comparison Between Diffusive and Advective Approach in Quality Analysis of a Real Distribution Network

In recent years, the evaluation of water quality in distribution systems has generated enormous interest in the scientific community due to the increasing concentration of population in urban areas and frequent issues connected with supply water quality. Following the wave of bioterrorism subsequent the events of September 11th 2001, a need can be foreseen to seek adequate preventive measures to deal with contamination in water distribution systems that may be related to the accidental contamination and deliberate injection of toxic agents of any origin in the distribution networks. Therefore, it is very important to create a sensor system that detects contamination events in real time, while maintaining the reliability and efficiency of the measurements, limiting the cost of the instrumentation. A reliable monitoring system, for this kind of problems, cannot be deployed without realistic modelling support. The current state-of-the-art in water distribution systems analysis usually adopt a simplified approach to water quality modelling, neglecting dispersion and diffusion and considering simplified reaction kinetics. Even if such simplifications are commonly acceptable in fully turbulent flows, they may take to relevant errors in transition flows with low velocity thus taking to unreliable interpretation of the contamination in complex networks. The present paper aims to compare different modelling approaches to the evaluation of contaminant dispersion in two distribution networks: one laboratory network in which contamination experiments were carried out in a controlled environment (Enna, Italy) and a full-scale real distribution network (Zandvoort, Netherlands). Engineering EPiC Series in Engineering Volume 3, 2018, Pages 1639–1647 HIC 2018. 13th International Conference on Hydroinformatics G. La Loggia, G. Freni, V. Puleo and M. De Marchis (eds.), HIC 2018 (EPiC Series in Engineering, vol. 3),
Henipavirus zoonosis: outbreaks, animal hosts and potential new emergence

Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are biosafety level 4 zoonotic pathogens causing severe and often fatal neurological and respiratory disease. These agents have been recognized by the World Health Organization as top priority pathogens expected to result in severe future outbreaks. HeV has caused sporadic infections in horses and a small number of human cases in Australia since 1994. The NiV Malaysia genotype (NiV-M) was responsible for the 1998–1999 epizootic outbreak in pigs with spillover to humans in Malaysia and Singapore. Since 2001, the NiV Bangladesh genotype (NiV-B) has been the predominant strain leading to outbreaks almost every year in Bangladesh and India, with hundreds of infections in humans. The natural reservoir hosts of HeV and NiV are fruit bats, which carry the viruses without clinical manifestation. The transmission pathways of henipaviruses from bats to humans remain poorly understood. Transmissions are often bridged by an intermediate animal host, which amplifies and spreads the viruses to humans. Horses and pigs are known intermediate hosts for the HeV outbreaks in Australia and NiV-M epidemic in Malaysia and Singapore, respectively. During the NiV-B outbreaks in Bangladesh, following initial spillover thought to be through the consumption of date palm sap, the spread of infection was largely human-to-human transmission. Spillover of NiV-B in recent outbreaks in India is less understood, with the primary route of transmission from bat reservoir to the initial human infection case(s) unknown and no intermediate host established. This review aims to provide a concise update on the epidemiology of henipaviruses covering their previous and current outbreaks with emphasis on the known and potential role of livestock as intermediate hosts in disease transmission. Also included is an up-to-date summary of newly emerging henipa-like viruses and animal hosts. In these contexts we discuss knowledge gaps and new challenges in the field and propose potential future directions.
Meta-analysis: The effect of guided inquiry on students' critical thinking skills in biology learning

Critical thinking skills are one of the six skills (6C) that must have by students to face competition in the 21st century. Guided inquiry is one of the learning models that can be used to increase students' critical thinking skills in biology learning. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the enforcement of the guided inquiry model, especially on students' critical thinking skills in biology learning based on the effect size value in terms of education level. This research method is a meta-analysis method. The research sample taken from 12 national articles consists of seven journals at the high school level and five journals at the junior high school level. The results showed that the guided inquiry model was effectively used both at the high school and junior high school levels because it was proven to have a forceful impact on students' critical thinking skills in biology learning with an average effect size value of 1.651 (strong effect). Based on the level of education, the enforcement of the guided inquiry model at the high school level has a higher impact on student's critical thinking skills with an effect size value of 1.866 (strong effect) than at the junior high school level with an effect size value of 1.435 (strong effect). This guided inquiry model needs to be applied more broadly so that more students have critical thinking skills and ready to compete in the global world.Abstrak Keterampilan berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu dari 6 kecakapan (6C) yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa agar dapat menghadapi persaingan di abad 21. Inkuiri terbimbing menjadi salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran biologi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan model inkuiri terbimbing khususnya terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran biologi berdasarkan nilai besarnya efek ditinjau dari jenjang pendidikan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah meta analisis. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 12 artikel yang terdiri dari 7 jurnal pada jenjang SMA dan 5 jurnal pada jenjang SMP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model inkuiri terbimbing efektif digunakan baik pada jenjang SMA maupun SMP karena terbukti dapat memberikan pengaruh yang sangat kuat terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran biologi dengan nilai rerata besaran efek sebesar 1.651 (efek kuat). Berdasarkan jenjang pendidikan, penerapan model inquiry terbimbing pada tingkat SMA memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dengan nilai besaran efek sebesar 1.866 (efek kuat) dibanding ditingkat SMP dengan nilai besaran efek sebesar 1.435 (efek kuat). Model inkuiri terbimbing ini perlu diterapkan secara lebih luas agar lebih banyak peserta didik yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis dan siap bersaing di dunia global.
Identification of Bacterial Uropathogen and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Among Patients with Diabetic and Hypertension Attending Dilla University General Hospital, Dilla, Ethiopia

Background Having a urinary tract infection (UTI) is a serious health issue which is caused by microbial colonization and proliferation in the urinary system. Patients with diabetes and blood pressure are more vulnerable to bacterial urinary tract infections because their host defense is compromised and their urine has a high glucose content. A proper and quick investigation of uropathogen and their antibiogram is key to patient treatment and infection control. Objective Aimed to assess the identification of bacterial uropathogen and antimicrobial resistance patterns among diabetic and hypertension patients attending DUGH, Ethiopia. Methods A Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to December 2022 among 158 diabetic and hypertensive patients using a clean catch mid-stream urine sample. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collect data from study participants. Urine samples were taken and cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and CLED Agar for the identification of uropathogen. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according to CLSI. Binary and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the association. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of bacterial uropathogenic among diabetes mellitus and hypertension patients was 15.2%. E. coli (29.2%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (20.8%), K. pneumoniae 3 (12.5%) and S. aureus 2 (12.5%) were the leading isolated uropathogens. In our study, illiterates (AOR =8.1, 95% CI: (5.1–12.4)), participants with high blood glucose levels (AOR=1.81, 95% CI: (1.01–2.21)) and comorbid patients (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: (4.1–17.2)) were significantly associated with UTI. Both gram-negative and gram-positive isolated bacteria showed higher resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was reported in 62.5% of the total isolates. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of bacterial isolate and multidrug resistance. Therefore, continuous monitoring of microbiological and antimicrobial surveillance of UTI among DM patients is crucial for appropriate treatment and infection control.
Upgrading Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Self-Efficacy Toward Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Pain Management in Children.

Background: Every child has the right to be free from pain; nursing staff have a crucial responsibility in the care of children suffering from pain. The study aimed to upgrade nurses’ knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy toward pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management in children. Subjects and Method: Design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study. Subjects : A convenience sampling of two hundred nurses in Pediatric Medical, Surgical departments, Hematology and oncology unit at Tanta University Main Hospital and Surgical department at Tanta Universal Teaching Hospital. Three Tools were used for data collection: Tool I: Nurses’ knowledge structured questionnaire sheet, Tool II Nurses’ attitude regarding pain management in children. Tool III: Nurses’ Self-efficacy Scale. The results found that nurses’ knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management had improved immediately after and one month after conducting the program with positive significant correlation between total knowledge and total attitude scores. The study concluded that nurses' knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy about pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management improved both immediately after the program and one month later. The study recommended that periodic in-service training program should be carried out for all nurses in various pediatric departments for proper management of pain in children.
Stimulation of Autophagy by Dapagliflozin Mitigates Cadmium-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Rats: The Role of AMPK/mTOR and SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant that triggers testicular dysfunction. Dapagliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor with notable antioxidant and anti-apoptotic features. It has shown marked cardio-, reno-, hepato-, and neuroprotective effects. Yet, its effect on Cd-evoked testicular impairment has not been examined. Hence, the goal of the current study was to investigate the potential positive effect of dapagliflozin against Cd-induced testicular dysfunction in rats, with an emphasis on autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative insult. Dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/day) was given by oral gavage, and testicular dysfunction, impaired spermatogenesis, and biomolecular events were studied via immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and ELISA. The current findings demonstrated that dapagliflozin improved relative testicular weight, serum testosterone, and sperm count/motility and reduced sperm abnormalities, signifying mitigation of testicular impairment and spermatogenesis disruption. Moreover, dapagliflozin attenuated Cd-induced histological abnormalities and preserved testicular structure. The testicular function recovery was prompted by stimulating the cytoprotective SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, lowering the testicular oxidative changes, and augmenting cellular antioxidants. As regards apoptosis, dapagliflozin counteracted the apoptotic machinery by downregulating the pro-apoptotic signals together with Bcl-2 upregulation. Meanwhile, dapagliflozin reactivated the impaired autophagy, as seen by a lowered accumulation of SQSTM-1/p62 and Beclin 1 upregulation. In the same context, the testicular AMPK/mTOR pathway was stimulated as evidenced by the increased p-AMPK (Ser487)/total AMPK ratio alongside the lowered p-mTOR (Ser2448)/total mTOR ratio. Together, the favorable mitigation of Cd-induced testicular impairment/disrupted spermatogenesis was driven by the antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and pro-autophagic actions of dapagliflozin. Thus, it could serve as a tool for the management of Cd-evoked testicular dysfunction.
NGS transcriptomic analysis uncovers the possible resistance mechanisms of olive to Spilocea oleagina leaf spot infection

Spilocea oleagina is a dangerous obligate fungal pathogen of olive, feared in the Mediterranean countries, causing Peacock’s eye or leaf spot infection, which can lead to a serious yield loss of approximately 20% or higher depending on climatic conditions. Coping with this disease is much more problematic for organic farms. To date, knowledge on the genetic control of possible mechanisms of resistance/low susceptibility is quite limited. In this work, comparative transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) was conducted in leaf tissues of a low susceptible cultivar Koroneiki and a high susceptible cultivar Nocellara del Belice, both tested in the field using the NaOH test, considering two stages—”zero sign of disease” and “evident sign of infection”. Cultivars showed a very large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both stages. ‘Koroneiki’ showed an extensive hormonal crosstalk, involving Abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene synergistically acting with Jasmonate, with early signaling of the disease and remarkable defense responses against Spilocea through the over-expression of many resistance gene analogs or pathogenesis-related (PR) genes: non-specific lipid-transfer genes (nsLTPs), LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase genes, GDSL esterase lipase, defensin Ec-AMP-D2-like, pathogenesis-related leaf protein 6-like, Thaumatin-like gene, Mildew resistance Locus O (MLO) gene, glycine-rich protein (GRP), MADS-box genes, STH-21-like, endochitinases, glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidases, and finally, many proteinases. Numerous genes involved in cell wall biogenesis, remodeling, and cell wall-based defense, including lignin synthesis, were also upregulated in the resistant cultivar, indicating the possible role of wall composition in disease resistance. It was remarkable that many transcription factors (TS), some of which involved in Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR), as well as some also involved in abiotic stress response, were found to be uniquely expressed in ‘Koroneiki’, while ‘Nocellara del Belice’ was lacking an effective system of defense, expressing genes that overlap with wounding responses, and, to a minor extent, genes related to phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathways. Only a Thaumatin-like gene was found in both cultivars showing a similar expression. In this work, the genetic factors and mechanism underlying the putative resistance trait against this fungal pathogen were unraveled for the first time and possible target genes for breeding resistant olive genotypes were found.
Dynamic wave-modes in solar chromospheric structures

Sun’s outer atmosphere is a million degree hotter than it’s visible surface, which is not understood with any of the known laws of thermodynamics and remains an intriguing problem for the astrophysics in general. It is now believed that most of the energy dissipation phenomenon occurs at the interface-region, which is a highly dynamic, gravitationally stratified, nonlinear, inhomogeneous environment, where the plasma-β varies from large, across unity, to very small. Previous studies, suggests that energy from lower solar atmosphere is transported up higher in corona by waves and oscillations through small-scale thin magnetic flux-tube structures, that populate the interface-region. This thesis primarily focuses on the identification and the understanding of the coupled linear/nonlinear wave-modes that are confined in the observed flux-tube structures. High-resolution imaging-spectroscopy data from the ground-based telescope is used to get an unprecedented view of the spicule structures within the complex chromospheric environment. Innovative analysis techniques were developed, for the first time, to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) ensemble of the observed kinematic components. The subsequent analysis at both, pixel- and the tube-scale, provided important insight into the nonlinear evolution of the coherent wave-modes, along with their consequent affects on the ambient solar atmosphere. Key findings include, the accurate interpretation of the observed spectroscopic (Doppler) velocity profiles, which were akin for both torsional Alfven and kink wave modes. It was shown that the kinematic behavior of the kink wave-mode is not entirely transverse, but also has associated rotational component, due to displaced surrounding plasma. Also, the various observed kinematic components (transverse, cross-sectional width, azimuthal torsion) which, till-date, were observed independent to each other were found strongly coupled, with definitive phase-relationships. Furthermore, the non- helical evolution of the coupled dynamical components across the interface region, was found, due to the presence of a plethora of nonlinear wave phenomenon. The analysis, presented in this thesis, on the dynamics in the solar chromosphere, can provide the vital clues and insight into the mechanisms responsible for the transfer and dissipation of energy.