Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Toward Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19) in Southeast and South Asia: A Mixed Study Design Approach

Background Coronavirus has spread to almost every country since its emergence in Wuhan, China and countries have been adopted an array of measures to control the rapid spread of the epidemic. Here, we aimed to assess the person's knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) toward the COVID-19 epidemic in Southeast and South Asia applying the mixed study design (cross-sectional and systematic review). Methods In the cross-sectional study, 743 respondents' socio-demographic and KAP-related information was collected through an online population-based survey from the Malaysian population. In the systematic review, the database PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar search engine were searched and related published articles from South and Southeast Asia were included. Frequency distribution, Chi-square association test and binary logistic regression were fitted using cross-sectional data whereas random effect model and study bias were performed in meta-analysis. We used 95% confidence interval and P <0.05 as statistical significances. Results The prevalence of good knowledge, positive attitude and frequent practice toward COVID-19 epidemic were 52.6%, 51.8% and 57.1%, respectively, obtained by cross-sectional data analysis. The KAP prevalence were ranged from 26.53% (Thailand) to 95.4% (Nepal); 59.3% (Turkey) to 92.5% (Pakistan); and 50.2 (Turkey) to 97% (Afghanistan), respectively, obtained by 18 studies included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of KAP was higher [84% vs. 79%, Pheterogeneity <0.001; 83% vs. 80%, Pheterogeneity <0.001; 85% vs. 83%, Pheterogeneity <0.001] in South Asia compared to Southeast Asia, obtained by subgroup analysis. Some studies reported mean level instead of the proportion of the KAP where the score varied from 8.15–13.14; 2.33–33.0; and 1.97–31.03, respectively. Having more knowledge and attitude were encouraged more likely to practice toward COVID-19. Study suggests age, gender, education, place of residence and occupation as the most frequent significant risk factors of KAP toward COVID-19. Conclusion The study sufficiently informs how other countries in Southeast and South Asia enriches their KAP behaviors during the pandemic which may help health professionals and policymakers to develop targeted interventions and effective practices.
Usefulness of Hospital Admission Chest X-ray Score for Predicting Mortality and ICU Admission in COVID-19 Patients

We aimed to investigate the performance of a chest X-ray (CXR) scoring scale of lung injury in prediction of death and ICU admission among patients with COVID-19 during the 2021 peak pandemic in HCM City, Vietnam. CXR and clinical data were collected from Vinmec Central Park-hospitalized patients from July to September 2021. Three radiologists independently assessed the day-one CXR score consisting of both severity and extent of lung lesions (maximum score = 24). Among 219 included patients, 28 died and 34 were admitted to the ICU. There was a high consensus for CXR scoring among radiologists (κ = 0.90; CI95%: 0.89–0.92). CXR score was the strongest predictor of mortality (tdAUC 0.85 CI95% 0.69–1) within the first 3 weeks after admission. A multivariate model confirmed a significant effect of an increased CXR score on mortality risk (HR = 1.33, CI95%: 1.10 to 1.62). At a threshold of 16 points, the CXR score allowed for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission with good sensitivity (0.82 (CI95%: 0.78 to 0.87) and 0.86 (CI95%: 0.81 to 0.90)) and specificity (0.89 (CI95%: 0.88 to 0.90) and 0.87 (CI95%: 0.86 to 0.89)), respectively, and can be used to identify high-risk patients in needy countries such as Vietnam.
Comprehensive Composition of Flavor Precursors in Kopi Luwak and Jacu Exotic Green Bioprocessed Coffees

Exotic coffees may be defined as extravagant and unique coffees, primarily due to their production mode, including unusual bioprocessing or fermentation conditions associated with superior sensorial characteristics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of bioprocessing and of growing conditions on flavor precursors of Jacu and Kopi Luwak exotic green coffees, respectively. Moreover, this is the first study to perform a detailed chemical analysis of these exotic coffees. Thirteen green Coffea arabica bean samples were obtained, five from Espírito Santo state, Brazil, and eight Kopi Luwak from different regions of Indonesia. Samples were analyzed regarding their proximate composition, chlorogenic acids (CGA), sucrose, alkaloids, triacylglycerols (TAG), diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, sterols, diterpenes and tocopherols. Scanning electron micrography confirmed bioprocessing of Jacu and Kopi Luwak coffee samples. Bioprocessing by the Jacu bird caused reductions of 69 and 28% in caffeine and CGA contents, respectively. The TAG profile of Jacu coffee was modified. TAG containing two saturated fatty acids were preferably hydrolyzed in detriment to those containing two unsaturated fatty acids. Other coffee components were not affected by the bird's digestion of the beans. Kopi Luwak coffee samples had a chemical composition in accordance with reported ranges for non-bioprocessed green C. arabica samples, except for caffeine (0.48 g/100 g) and CGA (5.09 g/100 g), which were found in low amounts. Crop year rather than location or post-harvest processing discriminated Kopi Luwak coffee samples, suggesting that weather conditions would be the most crucial aspect for their chemical composition, especially in terms of total lipids, ashes, total CGA, sucrose and proteins.
One night of total sleep deprivation impairs decision-making skills, anaerobic performances, mood states, and perceptual responses in elite Kung-Fu athletes

ABSTRACT To explore how one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) could affect cognitive and physical performances, as well as subjective experiences in 24 elite Kung-Fu athletes (age: 20.2 ± 1.76 years; body mass: 64.67 ± 6.52 kg; height: 1.71 ± 0.04 m). Participants completed, in a randomized counterbalanced order, two tests sessions in the late-afternoon (separated by 72-h recovery) under normal sleep (NS) and TSD conditions. Specific decision-making skills (decision accuracy (DA) and decision time (DT)), various anaerobic-exercises performance (i.e. seated medicine-ball throw (SMBT), horizontal jump (HJ), vertical jump (VJ), isometric back-muscles strength (IBMS), and isometric leg-muscles strength (ILMS)), mood states, and perceptual responses (attention and concentration) were assessed. The TSD was associated with lower values of vigor, and higher values of anxiety, depression, fatigue, anger, confusion, and total mood disturbance, compared to NS. The TSD resulted in lower attention and concentration, compared to NS. Similarly, lower performances of SMBT, HJ, VJ, and ILMS were recorded after TSD compared to NS. For cognitive performances, the TSD resulted in higher DA and lower DT, compared to NS. In summary, one night of TSD elicits negative effects on decision-making and anaerobic performance in Kung-Fu elites through disturbances in mood and attentional capacities.
Genetic analysis of recurrent parthenogenesis: A case report and literature review

The present study reported a case of bilateral salpingectomy for an ectopic pregnancy with recurrent parthenogenesis over two in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. The first IVF cycle resulted in short-time fertilization. Two cleaved embryos were present after removing the cumulus cells. In the second cycle, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed directly and two 6-cell embryos were discovered again prior to the injection. Embryo biopsy, genome amplification, copy number variation (CNV) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis were performed on the two 6-cell embryos of the second cycle. The results of the CNV analysis indicated a genotype of 39,XX,+1,+1,+1,+1,+6q,+6q,+6q,-7p(x1),-10(x1),-13(x0),-15(x0),-17(x1),-18(x1),-19(x1),-20(x1) and the SNP analysis reported that only those chromosomes with one copy had a signal pattern similar to that obtained for an uniparental disomy. Although repeated spontaneous parthenogenesis was observed, the other metaphase II oocytes were fertilized normally after ICSI and the patient became pregnant. A literature review indicated that parthenogenesis may occur in individuals from various populations, and the patients always have a history of either recurrent miscarriages or bilateral tubal obstruction with or without ovarian/fallopian tube surgery. In certain cases, 1 pronucleus (PN) appears and cleaves later and in others, four-to six-cell embryos appear directly.
Predicting Late Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation After Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Comparison of C2HEST and HATCH Scores

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the risk of recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after radiofrequency ablation and predict risk of recurrence using C2HEST and HATCH scores. Methods We retrospectively included 322 patients with AF from Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, and 261 patients were included in the analysis finally. They had AF and were admitted for radiofrequency catheter ablation. We compared the ability of C2HEST and HATCH scores to predict recurrence after radiofrequency ablation of AF. The predictive ability of C2HEST and HATCH scores for AF recurrence was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The difference in receiver operating characteristic curve between the two models was compared using the DeLong test. Results Of the 261 patients included in the analysis, 83 (31.6%) patients suffered a late recurrence of AF after radiofrequency ablation. The risk of postoperative recurrence of AF increased with increasing C2HEST and HATCH scores. The AUROC of C2HEST and HATCH scores in predicting postoperative recurrence of AF was 0.773 (95%CI, 0.713–0.833) and 0.801 (95% CI, 0.740–0.861), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two models in their ability to evaluate patients for postoperative recurrence of AF (DeLong test p-value = 0.36). Among the risk factors in both models, hypertension and heart failure (HF) contributed the most to postoperative recurrence after AF, and higher blood pressure and lower cardiac ejection fraction (EF) were associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Conclusion Both C2HEST and HATCH scores were significantly associated with the risk of late recurrence after radiofrequency ablation of AF. Besides hypertension and HF contributed the most to postoperative recurrence after AF.
Design of a new CMOS Low-Power Analogue Neuron

Abstract In this paper, a low-power analogue complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) artificial neuron circuit is presented. The analogue neuron is composed of multiplier and programmable activation function circuits. The proposed four-quadrant multiplier has a single ended current output which eliminates the extra summation circuit at the output of the neuron that reduces the chip area as well as power consumption. In addition, programmability of activation function improves the neural network design process while enables the proposed neuron circuit to be used properly in learning algorithms such as back propagation. The most important feature of the proposed circuit is low power consumption and simple circuit topology. The performance of the circuit is confirmed by HSPICE simulations using 0.18 μm CMOS technology parameters. The circuit operates at 1 V supply voltage and consumes only 15 μW. Finally, different neural networks are realized using the proposed neuron circuit, which are successfully used to solve exclusive OR (XOR) problem and region classification problem to verify the accuracy and performance of the proposed circuit.
The Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Spirulina (Artrhospira platensis) Chlorophylls Microencapsulated in Different Ratios of Gum Arabic and Whey Protein Isolate

Spirulina (Artrhospira platensis) is rich in chlorophylls (CH) and is used as a potential natural additive in the food industry. In this study, the CH content was extracted from spirulina powder after ultrasound treatment. Microcapsules were then prepared at different ratios of gum Arabic (GA) and whey protein isolate (WPI) through freeze-drying to improve the chemical stability of CH. As a result, a* and C* values of the microcapsules prepared from GA:WPI ratios (3:7) were −8.94 ± 0.05 and 15.44 ± 0.08, respectively. The GA fraction increased from 1 to 9, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of microcapsules also increased by 9.62%. Moreover, the absorption peaks of CH at 2927 and 1626 cm−1 in microcapsules emerged as a redshift detected by FT-IR. From SEM images, the morphology of microcapsules changed from broken glassy to irregular porous flake-like structures when the GA ratio increased. In addition, the coated microcapsules (GA:WPI = 3:7) showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (SADPPH) (56.38 ± 0.19) due to low moisture content and better chemical stability through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Conclusively, GA and WPI coacervates as the wall material may improve the stability of CH extracted from spirulina.
Gas exhaust in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator during the first divertor operation

The optimized superconducting stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is equipped with an island divertor for energy control and efficient pumping. We investigated the performance of the island divertor in terms of gas exhaust. For this purpose we have installed 18 pressure gauges in the vacuum vessel. This allowed us to determine the exhaust efficiency, the leakage, the collection efficiency and the compression ratio of the island divertor. These quantities depended strongly on the magnetic configuration. The best performance was obtained in the high-iota configuration. The exhaust efficiency was 2.9%, significantly higher than in the standard configuration (0.44%), and the maximum neutral compression was about 80. The high-iota configuration appears particularly promising for long-pulse operation of W7-X.
Grit and Resilience as Predictors of Creativity Among Chinese English as a Foreign Language Teachers

Teachers have been viewed for many years as one of the most effective factors with an important role in academic and learning settings. Numerous studies have been carried out on teachers and their performances in the classroom. Feelings are one of the pillars of all humans which can have a crucial function in offering academia that can impact all domains of learning. Creativity is one of the subcategories of feelings that is worthy to people and the community. Nonetheless, as a significant mental attribute, it has not been attended to enough by experts in language teaching until now. Some factors that seem concerning creativity are grit and resilience, the grit has a basic function in the educational and teaching cycle because gritty educators are more inspired to handle difficulties in hard situations. Moreover, to beware of these difficulties as a response to unprecedented situations, a similar intellectual concept rises in positive psychology known as resilience, which explains the persistence and highlights individuals’ skills. Therefore, the present study delineates the relationship of these notions with language teachers’ creativity. To this end, through convenient sampling 264 male and female Chinese EFL teachers took part in the present study, and their creativity, grit, and resilience were scrutinized by filling out the related questionnaires. The results through correlation coefficients indicated that creativity was negatively but significantly related to grit, but it was positively and significantly related to resilience. The results of the multiple regression showed that both grit and resilience could significantly predict creativity although grit is a better predictor of creativity. Some educational implications of the research about the outcomes of the research under academic circumstances are suggested.
Leadership-based multi-objective optimization with applications in energy systems

Multi-objective optimization metaheuristics (MOMs) are powerful methods for solving complex optimization problems but can require a large number of function evaluations to find optimal solutions. Thus, an efficient multi-objective optimization method should generate accurate and diverse solutions in a timely manner. Improving MOMs convergence speed is an important and challenging research problem which is the scope of this thesis. This thesis conducted the most comprehensive comparative study ever in MOMs. Based on the results, multi-objective (MO) versions of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) algorithms achieved the highest performances; therefore, these two MOMs have been selected as bases for further acceleration in this thesis. To accelerate the selected MOMs, this work focuses on the incorporation of leadership concept to MO variants of DE and PSO algorithms. Two complex case studies of MO design of renewable energy systems are proposed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed MOMs. This thesis proposes three new MOMs, namely, leader and speed constraint multiobjective PSO (LSMPSO), opposition-based third evolution step of generalized DE (OGDE3), and multi-objective DE with leadership enhancement (MODEL) which are compared with seven state-of-the-art MOMS using various benchmark problems. LSMPSO was found to be the fastest MOM for the problem undertaken. Further, LSMPSO achieved the highest solutions accuracy for optimal design of a photovoltaic farm in Toronto area. OGDE3 is the first successful application of OBL to a MOM with single population (no-coevolution) using leadership and self-adaptive concepts; the convergence speed of OGDE3 outperformed the other MOMs for the problems solved. MODEL embodies leadership concept into mutation operator of GDE3 algorithm. MODEL achieved the highest accuracy for the 30 studied benchmark problems. Furthermore, MODEL achieved the highest solution accuracy for a MO optimization problem of hydrogen infrastructures design across the province Ontario between 2008 and 2025 considering electricity infrastructure constraints.
Similarities and differences of Vicia sativa subspp. sativa and macrocarpa for seed yield and quality

ABSTRACT Context. Vicia sativa subsp. macrocarpa (V. macrocarpa), a large-seeded vetch, is underutilised and has been proposed as a putative source of seed feed along with V. sativa subsp. sativa (V. sativa, common vetch). Aims. The study aimed to compare the two subspecies for a range of seed yield and quality traits. Methods. Three accessions of each subspecies were grown under field conditions during two growing seasons. Measurements included pod and seed morphology, seed yield per plant, pod shattering and seed toughness, seed nutritional traits, and insect damage. Key results. No significant differences were found for seed weight per plant (9.95–14.75 g); however, V. macrocarpa accessions showed lower emergence percentages (7–18%) and higher pod shattering (4.01% vs 0.17%) than V. sativa. The higher number of seeds per pod (8.50 vs 7.49) and larger seeds (70.63 vs 59.67 g) significantly contributed to yield of V. macrocarpa. Over the six accessions, seed weight per plant was significantly correlated with harvest index. The darker seeds of V. macrocarpa had lower seed protein concentration (25.96% vs 27.89%) and higher concentrations of antinutritional phenolic compounds (total phenols, total tannins, condensed tannins, flavonoids). Seeds of V. macrocarpa were enriched in manganese (17.72 vs 12.65 mg/kg) compared with V. sativa, but poorer in potassium (8.44 vs 10.50 g/kg). The high manganese and phenolics concentrations in seeds of V. macrocarpa were associated with lower percentages of bruchid-infected seeds and endoparasitoid (Triaspis thoracicus) damaged seeds, possibly due to toxic effects. Conclusions. The two subspecies varied significantly in seed quality traits, but not yield. Implications. More extensive comparisons between the two subspecies, with larger numbers of accessions, are needed in order to determine the potential of V. macrocarpa as a source of seed feed.
Assessment of Alveolar Bone Loss and Buccal Bone Thickness After Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the changes in alveolar bone height (ABH) and buccal bone thickness (BBT) of the maxillary teeth after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 9 patients with preoperative and postoperative CBCT records were included in this study. All patients underwent SARME and all of them received a modified acrylic bonded appliance as a maxillary expander. CBCT images were taken before SARME (T1) and after a consolidation period of 3 to 4 months (T2). ABH was determined by measuring the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar crest on CBCT images. To evaluate BBT, two different points were identified along the root surface. Results: Alveolar bone loss (ABL) detected between T1 and T2 ABH measurements was statistically significant at all sites of each tooth. There was a statistically significant decrease in BBT at all measured points of each tooth between the T1 and T2 measurements. Conclusion: SARME with modified acrylic-bonded appliances causes ABL and a decrease in BBT, which increases the risk of tooth loss and gingival recession.
A Chemical Approach on Drugs that are Under Evaluation as Potential COVID-19’s Treatment

A novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is a public health emergency of international concern since this infection spreads quickly through human-to-human transmission. Several drugs are being studied by researchers worldwide as an effective antiviral agent against this coronavirus. Therefore, most studies are focusing on drugs that have been already used earlier on the treatment of other diseases. Therapies under investigation include azithromycin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and favipiravir. Remdesivir is the only Food and Drug Administrationapproved drug for the use in adult and pediatric patients (>12 years old) for the treatment of this disease requiring hospitalization. In this context, the present review summarizes information about these drugs highlighting the chemical standpoint, such as physical-chemical and molecular characteristics, toxicity, history, and main applications, since knowledge about these substances is essential to assist the search for an appropriate treatment.