Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximising 3D printed supercapacitor capacitance through convolutional neural network guided Bayesian optimisation

ABSTRACT A convolutional neural network (CNN) guided Bayesian optimisation framework is introduced to strategically maximise the surface to volume ratio of 3D printed lattice supercapacitors. We applied Bayesian optimisation on printing parameters to exploit regions where uniform and narrow lines are printed. A line shape classifying CNN model guided the optimiser’s search space to straight-line printed regions, minimising optimisation time and cost. An automatic scoring method allowed each iteration to be conducted within two minutes with accurate and precise measurements. The optimisation process has been demonstrated with graphene oxide (GO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate (PEDOT:PSS) inks. The results were compared to the parameters that follow the conventional methodologies of direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing. For each printed line of GO and PEDOT:PSS inks, irregularities decreased by 61.8% and 18.9% and average widths decreased by 39.0% and 28.6%. PEDOT:PSS lattice supercapacitor printed using optimised result showed a 151.0% increase in specific capacitance.
Optical tailoring of carrier spin polarization in Ge/SiGe multiple quantum wells

The polarization of the direct gap emission from Ge/SiGe multiple quantum wells has been studied in the 4 K to 300 K temperature range, and in samples with different well thicknesses. Our results demonstrate that the polarization type and degree strongly depend on the excitation of electrons from the heavy hole and the light hole subbands, thus providing an effective degree of freedom to control the polarization of the direct interband emission. In addition, the analysis of the temperature dependence of the polarization degree highlights spin depolarization mechanisms.
A theory of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances

Analysis of the excitation of atmospheric gravity waves leads to a hypothesis concerning the nature of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID's) and their relation to large-scale TID's. Stationary phase techniques are used to derive the asymptotic fluctuations of velocity and electron density generated by a line source (e.g., the auroral electrojet). Dissipation by viscosity and thermal conductivity is included in an approximate manner. The gravity wave response includes a discrete spectrum of upper-atmospheric guided modes and a continuous spectrum of freely propagating waves; these two classes of waves can be associated with large-scale and medium-scale TID's, respectively. The medium-scale TID's, in turn, are primarily composed of two families of waves: those that propagate obliquely upward from the source and reach the F region directly and those that propagate initially downward and reach the F region only after reflection from the earth. For an E region source the earth-reflected waves appear as nearly monochromatic wave packets, whereas the direct waves appear for the most part as single pulses; this qualitative difference corresponds to J. E. Titheridge's observational distinction between periodic and nonperiodic TID's. It is suggested that this dichotomy may imply the dominance of upper-atmospheric (as opposed to tropospheric) sources. In this connection the average fluctuations of the auroral electrojet are shown to be sufficient to generate sizable medium-scale TID's that propagate to large horizontal distances with no loss of amplitude despite the absence of ducting mechanisms. Such propagation is possible because amplitude attenuation due to cylindrical spreading is counteracted by the fact that the lower-frequency waves, which reach the F region at the greater horizontal distances, are generated with larger amplitudes. Several properties of the calculated response, including the linear increase of period and wavelength with distance from the source, might be useful in future observational studies designed to identify the sources of medium-scale TID's.
Peculiarities of Scattering of Ultrashort Laser Pulses on DNA and RNA Trinucleotides

Currently, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) with high spatial and time resolution (TR-XRD) is based on the known theory of X-ray scattering, where the main parameter of USP—its duration—is not taken into account. In the present work, it is shown that, for scattering of attosecond USPs on DNA and RNA trinucleotides, the pulse length is the most important scattering parameter. The diffraction pattern changes considerably in comparison with the previously known scattering theory. The obtained results are extremely important in TR-XRD when using attosecond pulses to study trinucleotides of DNA and RNA, because with the previously known scattering theory, which does not take into account the duration of USP, one cannot correctly interpret, and therefore “decode”, DNA and RNA structures.
Impact of Sport Education Model on Sports Lifestyle and Attitudes of Vocational Education Training Students

The Sport Education Model (SEM) presents a wide background in the teaching of Physical Education and Sport. This is one of the most studied pedagogical models in the last decade in primary and secondary education. However, the studies of this model that are implemented in Vocational Education and Training within the family of Physical Activities and Sports are limited. For this reason, the aim of the present research was to examine the effect of the application of the SEM on motivation and Basic Psychological Needs (BPN). Secondarily, the effect on the social climate of the group, the development of emotions during the intervention, or the students’ perception of possible aspects of improvement of the model were studied. A total of 50 students (19.83 ± 3.20) followed a mixed methodology for 12 sessions. To achieve the objectives, the Spanish version of the Sport Motivation Scale questionnaire and the BPN Measurement scale were used. On a qualitative level, semi-structured interviews were conducted with all participants of the study. The results showed that the SEM was very well accepted by the students, who were fully satisfied with the activity. It was also considered a fun intervention, generating good socio-affective relationships, and was useful and practical for their training as future sports coaches. The intervention seemed to have a positive effect on student motivation, although with inconsistent results in the quantitative analysis of this study. Despite the encouraging results obtained, further research is needed to deepen the effect of SE as a key model in the teaching-learning process.
Understanding the effect of particle reinforcement on friction stir weldment: A review

Friction stir welding is a solid-state environment-friendly joining process with many advantages over all fusion welding processes. Many variants in friction stir welding are used for uplifting the process to its maximum possible extent. One such variant is particle reinforcement in the weldment, which is used for improving the mechanical properties by enhancing the metallurgical aspects in the weld region. Generally, micro- and nano-sized ceramic particles are used for reinforcing, which have a much higher melting point than the materials to be joined. From the literature studies, particle size plays a prominent role in attaining better mechanical properties in reinforcing techniques. In addition, an increase in particle size decreases the corresponding mechanical property. Higher heat input conditions like higher tool rotational speed and low welding speed are preferred as they better mix reinforced particles with the matrix material in the weld zone. However, the higher input conditions in the regular friction stir welding process coarsen the grains, thereby deteriorating the mechanical properties of the joint. Increasing the number of passes and switching the direction between the passes leads to uniform distribution of particles and enhance the mechanical properties. This review article's main aim is to understand better reinforcement particles in the weld line of a friction stir welding process. Also, the author emphasizes reinforcing the combination of nano and microparticles to reduce the cost of reinforcement without compromising the mechanical properties. The work mentioned above is missing in the open literature.
The instability of an axisymmetric vortex with monotonic potential vorticity in rotating shallow water

The stability of an axisymmetric vortex with a single radial discontinuity in potential vorticity is investigated in rotating shallow water. It is shown analytically that the vortex is always unstable, using the WKBJ method for instabilities with large azimuthal mode number. The analysis reveals that the instability is of mixed type, involving the interaction of a Rossby wave on the boundary of the vortex and a gravity wave beyond the sonic radius. Numerically, it is demonstrated that the growth rate of the instability is generally small, except when the potential vorticity in the vortex is the opposite sign to the background value, in which case it is shown that inertial instability is likely to be stronger than the present instability.
Development of an Automated Classification Procedure for Rainfall Systems

Abstract An automated procedure for classifying rainfall systems (meso-α scale and larger) was developed using an operational analysis of hourly precipitation estimates from radar and rain gauge data. The development process followed two main phases: a training phase and a testing phase. First, 48 hand-selected cases were used to create a training dataset, from which a set of attributes related to morphological aspects of rainfall systems were extracted. A hierarchy of classes for rainfall systems, in which the systems are separated into general convective (heavy rain) and nonconvective (light rain) classes, was envisioned. At the next level of classification hierarchy, convective events are divided into linear and cellular subclasses, and nonconvective events belong to the stratiform subclass. Essential attributes of precipitating systems, related to the rainfall intensity and degree of linear organization, were determined during the training phase. The attributes related to the rainfall intensity were c.
Nursing home elderly patients hospitalized for COVID‐19: Characteristics and predictors of outcomes

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How Journalists Cope with News Work’s Stresses While Remaining Creative Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study

ABSTRACT Work stress is a double-edged sword to creativity. Some analysts call stress a creativity killer while others describe it as a creativity driver. Journalists face a myriad of daily work stresses that forces them to establish a coping mechanism that could evolve over time. The Covid-19 pandemic is a new problem in itself and has also brought new challenges to the daily work stresses of journalists. This phenomenological study, anchored on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, had explored the changes in 13 Filipino journalists’ work stresses and coping mechanisms and how these developments affected their creative processes during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study yielded six themes that described the changes in journalists’ work stressors and their coping mechanisms, as well as the reasons behind their attempt to remain creative despite the stressful nature of the profession. The study also puts forward a definition of daily work stress in journalism and establishes an inventory of identified work stresses under the “new normal. ” Study findings will help newsrooms adopt and implement necessary measures that would ease their employees’ negative stressors, while improving the work environment to induce creativity through positive stressors.
Al3+ Modification of Graphene Oxide Membranes: Effect of Al Source

Graphene oxide (GO) membranes are promising materials for water filtration applications due to abundant nanochannels in the membrane structure. Because GO membranes are unstable in water, metal cations such as Al3+ are often introduced to the membrane structure to promote cross-linking between individual GO sheets. Here, we describe a simple yet versatile method to incorporate Al3+ into GO membranes formed via a slow self-assembly process. Specifically, we directly added aluminum to acidic GO sheet solutions from a variety of sources: Al2O3, AlCl3 and Al foil. Each species reacts differently with water, which can affect the GO solution pH and thus the density of carboxylate groups on the sheet edges available for cross-linking to the Al3+ cations. We demonstrate through characterization of the GO sheet solutions as well as the as-formed membranes’ morphologies, hydrophobicities, and structures that the extent to which the Al3+ cross-links to the GO sheet edges vs. the GO sheet basal planes is dependent on the Al source. Our results indicate that greatest enhancements in the membrane stability occur when electrostatic and coordination interactions between Al3+ and the carboxylate groups on the GO sheet edges are more extensive than Al3+–π interactions between basal planes.
Avalanche breakdown in microscale VO2 structures

The mechanism of triggering the metal-insulator transition (MIT) by an external electric field in small scale VO2 structures has been attributed to excess carrier injection, rather than Joule heating. This is in part due to the fact that the delay time for MIT to be induced by Joule heating seems much longer than what is observed. However, modeling the resistivity as a function of temperature, explicitly considering phase coexistence of metallic and insulating states near the MIT, and considering thermal dissipation in realistic structures, we demonstrate that Joule heating can exhibit a self-accelerating, avalanche-like behavior, in which the time scale for thermally driven breakdown can be in the nanosecond regime if the device is small enough. This model matches experimental results of our micrometer scale device quite well. Over-threshold voltages, temperature, and size effects on switching delay time and threshold voltage are discussed.
A Non-parametric Method for Defining a Global Preference Ranking of Industrial Products

Abstract Although experimentation is a crucial stage in the process of research and development of industrial products, no satisfactory procedure is available to deal with the common but rather important industrial problem of defining a preference ranking among all the studied product prototypes on the basis of performances. In this paper we propose a two-stage non-parametric procedure in which we firstly perform a set of C-sample testing procedures, followed by multiple comparisons, in this way evaluating a set of partial preference rankings, and secondly synthesise the partial rankings by combining them into a global ranking that provides a general product preference rule. The proposed method is particularly useful in the context of industrial experimentation and offers several advantages such as effectiveness, high flexibility and practical adherence to real problems where preference ranking is a natural goal.
Ion exchange selectivity (Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+) in hydrated Na-montmorillonite: insights from molecular dynamic simulations

ABSTRACT The cation exchange selectivity in the Na-montmorillonite interlayer has been extensively studied as a part of the mechanism of the cation exchange reaction, which also provides an important insight into the inhibition of montmorillonite expansion by inorganic salts. While the variation of interlayer structure associated with interlayer Na+ and water molecules during the ion exchange process has less been explored, to determine the possibility of replacing interlayer Na+ ions by the ion exchange reaction, the present study focuses on the effects of the added electrolyte cation (Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+) on the structure properties, diffusion features and the number of surface hydrogen bonds in hydrated Na-montmorillonite at different hydration stages by using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The simulation results showed that Ca2+ has a better tendency to exchange Na+ ions at a high hydration degree, and K+ is easier to exchange Na+ at a low hydration degree. The lower mobility of interlayer species and the relativity large change in the number of hydrogen bonds with the addition of Mg2+ reflected its weak possibility of exchanging Na+ .
Establishment and Validation of a Novel Nomogram for Predicting Distant Metastasis in Patients with Invasive Lung Adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To establish and verify a nomogram for predicting distant metastasis in invasive lung adenocarcinoma (IAC). STUDY DESIGN Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China, from December 2021 to May 2022. METHODOLOGY To create a nomogram, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent predictors of distant metastasis. The calibration, discrimination, and clinical performance of the nomogram were tested by calibration plots, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Age at diagnosis (<70 years), histological type (invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma), T stage, N stage, surgical approach, and lymph node dissection were independent predictors for the development of nomogram. Compared with the American Joint Committee on Cancer-8th edition staging system, AUC showed that this prediction model has a higher predictive performance (training set: 0.922 vs. 0.790; verification set: 0.919 vs. 0.779). In addition, the overall survival time (OS) of IAC patients was meaningfully different among the three groups of different risks stratified based on model score (p <0.001). CONCLUSION The prediction model constructed according to factors such as histological type and surgical approach in this study can accurately predict distant metastasis in IAC patients and define high-risk patients according to nomogram score. KEY WORDS Invasive adenocarcinoma IAC, Distant metastasis, Nomogram, Surveillance, Epidemiology and end results SEER.
Three-Dimensional NLOS VLP Based on a Luminance Distribution Model for Image Sensor

Visible light positioning (VLP) is playing a critical role in delivering better location-based services. However, traditional VLP systems rely on line-of-sight (LOS) paths and have a requirement for large numbers of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and sensors, making them unprepared for various scenarios. This article proposes a 3-D non-line-of-sight (NLOS) VLP system using a single LED and an image sensor (IS) to address the problem of obstructed LOS paths. On the one hand, an optical camera communication (OCC) subsystem is designed to receive the transmitter’s position based on NLOS links. In contrast, two highlights are visible in the picture when the IS captures the reflected light from the floor. Using the proposed luminance distribution model (LDM), it can be demonstrated that the two highlights can be regarded as the projections formed by two virtual LEDs. Based on the projection equations of the two virtual LEDs, an image sensing algorithm can estimate the receiver’s position. Experimental results show that the proposed system can achieve a 90th percentile accuracy of < 22 cm for 3-D positioning. To the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first work to demonstrate 3-D NLOS VLP using just a single LED and an IS. Additionally, the proposed LDM is the first physically based model for the first reflected light to estimate the channel gain of an NLOS link.
The use of a Scorecard to Evaluate the Public’s Comprehension of COVID-19: A Pilot Study

The rapid spread of information and infodemic might result in public confusion and hinder the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public comprehension of COVID-19 as part of health literacy is an important determinant to filter hoaxes from facts. Therefore, a scoring card called the Karlivid (the COVID-19 literacy and public vaccination scorecard) was developed to evaluate the individual’s comprehension level of COVID-19. A pilot study was conducted with this scoring card. The participants were recruited via consecutive random sampling by using emails from the researcher’s contact list (n=92). A total of 78.3% of the respondents were considered to have an adequate comprehension level. Approximately 77% of all respondents agreed that this card could help them know their comprehension level, 81.5% agreed that this card could improve their comprehension, 81.5% agreed that the items in this card could help them screen facts from hoaxes, and 81.5% agreed that the language used was easily understood by the laypersons. Therefore, the Karlivid is a valid and reliable scorecard that can be used to evaluate public comprehension of COVID-19. Most of the respondents also had a good level of comprehension of this assigned topic
Inertial effects of the semi-passive flapping foil on its energy extraction efficiency

The inertia plays a significant role in the response of a system undergoing flow-induced vibrations, which has been extensively investigated by previous researchers. However, the inertial effects of an energy harvester employing the mechanism of flow-induced vibrations have attracted little attention. This paper concentrates on a semi-passive energy extraction system considering its inertial effects. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a finite-volume based numerical solver with a moving grid technique. A partitioned method is used to couple the fluid and structure motions with the sub-iteration technique and an Aitken relaxation, which guarantees a strong fluid-structure coupling. In addition, a fictitious mass is added to resolve the numerical instability aroused by low density ratios. First, at a fixed mass ratio of r = 1, we identify an optimal set of parameters, at which a maximum efficiency of η = 34% is achieved. Further studies with r ranging from 0.125 to 100 are performed.