Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus in Pakistani Children Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Gastroenteritis under the Age of Five Years

Acute gastroenteritis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children around the globe. Along with other enteropathogens, human adenovirus (HadV) is a major etiological agent associated with diarrhea in young children. However, information about the epidemiology of Adenoviruses in Pakistan is limited or has not been reported. A total of 1082 stool samples were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis under the age of five years with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps who visited Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi and Children’s hospital in Lahore of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Of this, 384 cases with no blood in their stool, negative for Rotavirus, and under the age of five years were recruited in this study. Human Adenoviruses were isolated in the human epithelial HEp-2 cell line. Furthermore, adenovirus antigen detection was carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and then all positive and negative samples were confirmed by nested PCR. After inoculating a clear stool supernatant on HEp-2 cell lines, we observed a positive cytopathic effect in 65 (16%) cases. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HAdV antigens were detected in 54 (14.06%) of the clear supernatant from gastroenteritis cases. However, HAdV hexon coding regions were amplified in 57 (14.80%) fecal samples, mainly from patients ≤24 months of age. The findings of this study suggest that adenovirus circulates significantly in the children population under the age of five years and may be the potential etiological factor of acute gastroenteritis in the mentioned cities. This study provides baseline data about the possible role of adenovirus in causing viral diarrhea in children. Further large-scale epidemiological surveys are recommended to better understand disease burden, etiological agents, and its clinical impact across the country.
Policy Driven Compact Cities: Toward Clarifying the Effect of Compact Cities on Carbon Emissions

Compact cities, characterized by high density and accessibility with fully developed inner-city public transport, are widely discussed and practiced around the world in response to the challenges of sustainable development and global warming. On this basis, we are committed to answering the question of how cities with varying urban growth rates adopt different policy practices, and whether these practices contribute to achieving the goal of building a sustainable, low-carbon city. Specifically, this study assesses the theoretical evidence and practical experiences on the effect of compact city characteristics and policies on urban CO2 emissions using a focused literature review and representative case studies. The results illustrate that public transportation is often strengthened in compact city policies and the density and spatial configuration of cities has a significant impact on urban carbon emissions. Moreover, there are significant differences within the impact mechanisms of compact cities on carbon emissions between small-medium-sized cities (dealing with aging populations and resource waste) and megacities (dealing with excessive urban sprawl). However, there is still insufficient quantitative evidence on the effectiveness of compact city policies and this review provides insights into future compact city planning toward policy approaches which yield lower carbon emissions.
Wannier interpolation of the electron-phonon matrix elements in polar semiconductors: Polar-optical coupling in GaAs

A new computational method is introduced that allows interpolation of the electron-phonon matrix elements in the space of localized Wannier functions, extending a previous method for study of polar semiconductors. The amount of broadening of the bands in GaAs due to electron-phonon scattering is presented, showing good agreement with experimental results. The method is shown to perform better than an empirical pseudopotential.
Laboratory Measurements of Particle Capture by Evaporating Cloud Drops

Abstract The capture efficiencies of evaporating cloud drops (56–93 μm radius) for particles of manganese hypophosphite (0.58–3.2 μm radius) were obtained experimentally. In each experimental run, a large number of widely spaced uniform size drops fell through a monodisperse cloud of particles at ∼30% relative humidity. The major attachment mechanisms were thermodiffusiophoresis for the smaller particles and inertial impaction for the larger particles. The experimental values were compared to efficiencies computed using convective diffusion and trajectory models. Good agreement between our experiments and theory was found for the larger particles scavenged by inertial impaction but not for the smaller ones scavenged by phoretic forces. Various potential reasons for this disagreement are discussed.
Exponential Temperature Effects on Skyrmion-Skyrmion Interaction

Understanding the dynamic behaviors of magnetic skyrmions has great potential in the application of spintronics. This is especially the case for the interaction between two skyrmions. In the literature, the attractive and repulsive skyrmion-skyrmion interactions are demonstrated as strongly related to the distance of two skyrmions and external magnetic ﬁelds. However, as a natural property, the temperature eﬀect on skyrmion-skyrmion interactions is unclear, which lacks understanding from thermodynamics, and accordingly its driving force equation is absent. Here, we employ a temperature-related phase-ﬁeld simulation and demonstrate that the skyrmion-skyrmion interaction is dramatically changed by temperature (e.g., a temperature change of only a few kelvins results in an eightfold higher interaction), which can lead to critical temperature behavior of skyrmion phase. Detailed analysis shows the interaction potential decreases exponentially with an increase of temperature, and this pronounced temperature dependence originates from the temperature-related skyrmion structure. Then, an equation is proposed to describe the skyrmion interaction at ﬁnite temperatures. Therefore, this study provides a deeper understanding of the skyrmion kinetic behavior and explores the temperature control of skyrmion interactions coupled with other sources of interaction, which is a guidance for future study of skyrmions and their applications. DOI: 10.
Antiviral and Antifungal of Ulva fasciata Extract: HPLC Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds

The increasing usage of chemical control agents, as well as fungicides to manage plant diseases, causes human and environmental health problems. Macroalgae represent a reservoir for a tremendous variety of secondary metabolites that display a wide range of biological activities. However, their anti-phytopathogenic properties are still being studied. The current study was conducted to investigate whether or not the macroalgae Ulva fasciata extract exhibits antifungal and antiviral activities. In this regard, the organic extracts of U. fasciata were tested for their capabilities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and three molecularly identified fungal isolates, Fusarium verticillioides, Alternaria tenuissima, and Botrytis cinerea with accession numbers OP363619, OP363620, and OP363621, respectively. Among the three tested extract concentrations, 100 µg/mL had the best biological activity against B. cinerea and TMV, with 69.26%and 81.25% inhibition rates, respectively. The HPLC analysis of chemical profiling of the extract showed the presence of a number of phenolic and flavonoid compounds widely known to display many biological activities. In this line, the 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid was the highest phenolic compound (12.3 µg/mL) present in the extract, followed by ferulic acid (9.05 µg/mL). The 7-hydroxyflavone (12.45 µg/mL) was the highest flavonoid in the organic extract of U. faciata followed by rutin, which recorded a concentration of 7.62 µg/ mL. The results of this study show that the U. fasciata extract has antiviral and antifungal properties, which makes it a possible source of natural antimicrobial agents.
The first optical light from the supernova remnant G182.4+4.3 located in the Galactic anticentre region

We report the discovery of optical filamentary and diffuse emission from G182.4+4.3 using the 1.5-m Russian–Turkish telescope. We present the optical CCD images obtained with the Hα filter, revealing the presence of mainly filamentary structure to the north-west and filamentary and diffuse structure in the centre, south and north regions of the remnant. The bright optical filaments located in the north-west and south regions are well correlated with the prominent radio shell of the remnant, strongly suggesting an association. From the flux-calibrated CCD imaging, the average [S ii]/Hα ratio is found to be ∼0.9 and ∼1.1 for south and north-west regions, respectively, which clearly indicates that the emission originates from shock-heated gas. We also present the results of X-ray data obtained from XMM–Newton, showing diffuse emission with a very low luminosity of ∼7.3 × 1031 erg s−1 at a distance of 3 kpc in the 0.3–10 keV energy band. Furthermore, we find a surprisingly low age of ∼4400 yr for this remnant, given its large radius of ∼22 pc.
Using near-infrared spectroscopy and a random forest regressor to estimate intracranial pressure

Abstract. Significance Intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements are important for patient treatment but are invasive and prone to complications. Noninvasive ICP monitoring methods exist, but they suffer from poor accuracy, lack of generalizability, or high cost. Aim We previously showed that cerebral blood flow (CBF) cardiac waveforms measured with diffuse correlation spectroscopy can be used for noninvasive ICP monitoring. Here we extend the approach to cardiac waveforms measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Approach Changes in hemoglobin concentrations were measured in eight nonhuman primates, in addition to invasive ICP, arterial blood pressure, and CBF changes. Features of average cardiac waveforms in hemoglobin and CBF signals were used to train a random forest (RF) regressor. Results The RF regressor achieves a cross-validated ICP estimation of 0.937r2, 2.703-mmHg2 mean squared error (MSE), and 95% confidence interval (CI) of [ − 3.064 3.160 ] mmHg on oxyhemoglobin concentration changes; 0.946r2, 2.301-mmHg2 MSE, and 95% CI of [ − 2.841 2.866 ] mmHg on total hemoglobin concentration changes; and 0.963r2, 1.688 mmHg2 MSE, and 95% CI of [ − 2.450 2.397 ] mmHg on CBF changes. Conclusions This study provides a proof of concept for the use of NIRS in noninvasive ICP estimation.
Hα3: an Hα imaging survey of HI selected galaxies from ALFALFA - II. Star formation properties of galaxies in the Virgo cluster and surroundings

Context. We present the analysis of H alpha 3, an H alpha narrow-band imaging follow-up survey of 409 galaxies selected from the HI Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey (ALFALFA) in the Local Supercluster, including the Virgo cluster, in the region 11(h) \textless RA \textless 16(h); 4(o) \textless Dec \textless 16(o) 350 \textless cz \textless 2000 km s(-1). Aims. Taking advantage of H alpha 3, which provides the complete census of the recent massive star formation rate (SFR) in HI-rich galaxies in the local Universe and of ancillary optical data from SDSS we explore the relations between the stellar mass, the HI mass, and the current, massive SFR of nearby galaxies in the Virgo cluster. We compare these with those of isolated galaxies in the Local Supercluster, and we investigate the role of the environment in shaping the star formation properties of galaxies at the present cosmological epoch. Methods. By using the H alpha hydrogen recombination line as a tracer of recent star formation, we investigated the relationships between atomic neutral gas and newly formed stars in different environments (cluster and field), for many morphological types (spirals and dwarfs), and over a wide range of stellar masses (10(7.5) to 10(11.5) M-circle dot). To quantify the degree of environmental perturbation, we adopted an updated calibration of the HI deficiency parameter which we used to divide the sample into three classes: unperturbed galaxies (Def(HI) \textless= 0.3), perturbed galaxies (0.3 \textless Def(HI) \textless 0.9), and highly perturbed galaxies (Def(HI) \textgreater= 0.9). Results. Studying the mean properties of late-type galaxies in the Local Supercluster, we find that galaxies in increasing dense local galaxy conditions (or decreasing projected angular separation from M 87) show a significant decrease in the HI content and in the mean specific SFR, along with a progressive reddening of their stellar populations. The gradual quenching of the star formation occurs outside-in, consistently with the predictions of the ram pressure model. Once considered as a whole, the Virgo cluster is effective in removing neutral hydrogen from galaxies, and this perturbation is strong enough to appreciably reduce the SFR of its entire galaxy population. Conclusions. An estimate of the present infall rate of 300-400 galaxies per Gyr in the Virgo cluster is obtained from the number of existing HI-rich late-type systems, assuming 200-300 Myr as the time scale for HI ablation. If the infall process has been acting at a constant rate, this would imply that the Virgo cluster has formed approximately 2 Gyr ago, consistently with the idea that Virgo is in a young state of dynamical evolution.
A comprehensive survey of bat sarbecoviruses across China in relation to the origins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2

Abstract SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have been thought to originate from bats. In this study, we screened pharyngeal and anal swabs from 13 064 bats collected between 2016 and 2021 at 703 locations across China for sarbecoviruses, covering almost all known southern hotspots, and found 146 new bat sarbecoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses of all available sarbecoviruses show that there are three different lineages—L1 as SARS-CoV-related CoVs (SARSr-CoVs), L2 as SARS-CoV-2-related CoVs (SC2r-CoVs) and novel L-R (recombinants of L1 and L2)—present in Rhinolophus pusillus bats, in the mainland of China. Among the 146 sequences, only four are L-Rs. Importantly, none belong in the L2 lineage, indicating that circulation of SC2r-CoVs in China might be very limited. All remaining 142 sequences belong in the L1 lineage, of which YN2020B-G shares the highest overall sequence identity with SARS-CoV (95.8%). The observation suggests endemic circulations of SARSr-CoVs, but not SC2r-CoVs, in bats in China. Geographic analysis of the collection sites in this study, together with all published reports, indicates that SC2r-CoVs may be mainly present in bats of Southeast Asia, including the southern border of Yunnan province, but absent in all other regions within China. In contrast, SARSr-CoVs appear to have broader geographic distribution, with the highest genetic diversity and sequence identity to human sarbecoviruses along the southwest border of China. Our data provide the rationale for further extensive surveys in broader geographical regions within, and beyond, Southeast Asia in order to find the most recent ancestors of human sarbecoviruses.
CONFRONTING COLD DARK MATTER PREDICTIONS WITH OBSERVED GALAXY ROTATIONS

The rich statistics of galaxy rotations as captured by the velocity function (VF) provide invaluable constraints on galactic baryon physics and the nature of dark matter (DM). However, the comparison of observed galaxy rotations against cosmological models is prone to subtle caveats that can easily lead to misinterpretations. Our analysis reveals full statistical consistency between ∼5000 galaxy rotations, observed in line-of-sight projection, and predictions based on the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) at the mass-resolution of the Millennium simulation (H i line-based circular velocities above ∼50 km s−1). Explicitly, the H i linewidths in the H i Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS) are found to be consistent with those in S3-SAX, a post-processed semi-analytic model for the Millennium simulation. Previously found anomalies in the VF can be plausibly attributed to (1) the mass-limit of the Millennium simulation, (2) confused sources in HIPASS, (3) inaccurate inclination measurements for optically faint sources, and (4) the non-detectability of gas-poor early-type galaxies. These issues can be bypassed by comparing observations and models using linewidth source counts rather than VFs. We investigate if and how well such source counts can constrain the temperature of DM.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Pregnancy Mobility Index for the Italian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Pregnancy is a specific condition that modifies the mobility of women. In this population, it seems important to use specific tools to properly assess them. The Pregnancy Mobility Index (PMI) was created in 2006 with the aim of assessing mobility in pregnant women. The goal of this study was to translate, adapt, and evaluate the statistical properties of the questionnaire in the Italian pregnant population. Methods: The PMI underwent translation and transcultural adaptation. Reliability and concurrent validity, compared to the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), was investigated on a sample of pregnant women. An ANOVA was performed to detect differences in the PMI score considering the Body Mass Index (BMI) and age of the sample. Results: The PMI was forward translated, back translated, and transculturally adapted. A consensus meeting accepted the final version of the questionnaire. The PMI was given to 93 pregnant women. PMI showed excellent reliability for every item and the total score (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.945). Concurrent validity compared with ODI items 2–9 was strong considering the total score, with r = 0.726, but moderate comparing the first item of the ODI and the total score of the PMI, r = 470, and considering the total score of both questionnaires (r = 0.683). The ANOVA showed statistical difference in pregnant women with lower BMI for every subscale and total score of PMI (p = 0.009) and for outdoor mobility considering age (p = 0.019). Conclusions: The PMI seems to be a valid and reliable tool to assess mobility in the pregnant population. Pregnant women with a lower BMI showed a greater mobility score in the PMI. In turn, younger pregnant women presented a lower mobility score compared to older pregnant women.
Radio perspectives on the Monoceros SNR G205.5+0.5

Context. The Monoceros supernova remnant (SNR G205.5+0.5) is a large shell-type SNR located in the Rosette molecular complex and thought to be interacting with the Rosette Nebula. Aims. We aim to re-examine the radio spectral index and its spatial variation over the Monoceros SNR as well as study its properties of evolution within the complex interstellar medium. Methods. We extracted radio continuum data for the Monoceros complex region from the Effelsberg 21 cm and 11 cm surveys and the Urumqi 6 cm polarization survey. We used the new Arecibo GALFA-HI survey data with much higher resolution and sensitivity than that previously available to identify the HI shell related with the SNR. Multi-wavelengths data are included to investigate the properties of the SNR. Results. The spectral index α (S ν ∝ ν α ) averaged over the SNR is −0.41 ± 0.16. The TT-plots and the distribution of α over the SNR show spatial variations that steepen toward the inner western filamentary shell. Polarized emission is prominent on the western filamentary shell region. The RM there is estimated to be about 30 ±77n rad m −2 ,w here then = 1 solution is preferred, and the magnetic field has a strength of about 9.5 μG. From the HI channel maps, further evidence is provided for an interaction between the Monoceros SNR and the Rosette Nebula. We identify partial neutral hydrogen shell structures in the northwestern region at velocities ⎧ ⎨ ⎩
Characteristics of microdomains and microdomain patterns recorded by electron beam irradiation on Y-cut LiNbO3 crystals

We present the results of investigations of planar domain patterns (isolated domains and domain gratings) fabricated by irradiation of the nonpolar Y-surface of LiNbO3 crystals by an electron beam (EB) incident normally onto the surface. The EB recorded domains were investigated using atomic force microscopy, confocal second harmonic generation microscopy, and chemical etching as an auxiliary method. The dependence of the domain characteristics on irradiation conditions (acceleration voltage U, EB current I, and irradiation time tirr) were determined. The length Ld of both isolated domains and domain gratings along the polar axis Z grows linearly with tirr (at U, I = const) with no tending to saturation. The plots Ld(tirr) obtained for U = 10 and 15 kV are practically identical, whereas the values of Ld for U = 5 kV are essentially lower. The domain thickness Td along the Y-direction, i.e., the depth of the switched layer grows with acceleration voltage U. These results are discussed in terms of space-cha.
CPAP Therapy on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients with Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Backgrounds and Objectives: There is a link between sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and depressive and anxiety symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of these symptoms in patients with OSA and to evaluate the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on depression and anxiety scores. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine consecutive new patients diagnosed with moderate or severe (apnea-hypopnea index AHI ≥ 15 events/h) OSA were accepted for the CPAP therapy. Patients completed a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms and a generalized anxiety questionnaire (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms before the CPAP treatment, after 6 months, and after 1 year of CPAP therapy with compliance. For both scores (PHQ-9 and GAD-7), a cut point ≥10 was used to indicate the presence of clinically depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results: Forty-eight individuals (48.48%) had PHQ-9 scores above the cut-off point ≥ 10, and twenty-seven participants (27.27%) had GAD-7 scores above the cut-off point ≥10. A significant correlation has been shown between PHQ-9 score and BMI (p < 0.0001), AHI (p < 0.0001), ODI (p < 0.001), ESS (p < 0.001), GAD-7 score (p < 0.0001), and [t90] (p < 0.0001), while GAD-7 was correlated with AHI (p < 0.030), ODI (p < 0.006), and [t90] (p < 0.001). The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores decreased significantly after 6 months of CPAP therapy in all groups and after 1 year of CPAP use. Conclusions: OSA patients should be screened for depression and anxiety. Furthermore, CPAP should be the first choice of treatment before starting other treatments for depression and anxiety symptoms.
Qubit subalgebra and tensor product in Weyl algebra of angular momentum system

We analyze Weyl algebra of quantum angular momentum system and construct qubit subalgebra out of it. We show that the commutant of this qubit subalgebra is isomorphic to the original algebra and prove the tensor product structure between qubit subalgebra and its commutant. This construction can be iterated to construct arbitrary number of qubit subalgebras from a single quantum system. We show a simple experimental realization of this proposed scheme using orbital angular momentum of single photons. We briefly discuss about construction of qudit subalgbra and generalization to other infinite dimensional systems.