Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation, analysis, and atmospheric production of multifunctional organic nitrates

Ambient measurements of multifunctional organic nitrates have become necessary to understand the complete tropospheric NO y budget. Laboratory studies indicate that multifunctional organic nitrates that are produced from OH and NO 3 reaction with alkenes may be important; however, they have yet to be detected in atmospheric samples. We have synthesized several C 3 -C 6 alkyl nitrates, α,β-hydroxynitrates, and dinitrates that are produced from oxidation of atmospheric hydrocarbons
Mechanisms of solids drawdown in stirred tanks

Agitated tanks are used in several industrial processes to achieve complete drawdown of floating solids in liquids. The design requirements for this process are not completely defined, and are currently limited to heuristics regarding the use of a surface vortex and the effect of wettability on the difficulty of mixing, along with several initial studies in the literature. In this study, the effect of the type of impeller, particle size and shape, solids concentration, impeller submergence, and baffle configuration on the minimum drawdown speed (Njd) are investigated. It was found that the formation of a large surface vortex acts to hold particles close to the surface. Suppression of the surface vortex is recommended. In baffled tanks where the formation of a large surface vortex is suppressed, the intensity of turbulence and mean circulation velocity of the liquid are responsible for solids drawdown and distribution in the tank. The submergence of the impeller relative to the liquid surface and the pumping mode of the pitched blade turbine (PBT) were found to be the controlling parameters. CFD simulations were carried out to obtain a better understanding and interpretation of the flow patterns and drawdown mechanisms for the different baffle configurations. Les reservoirs agites servent dans plusieurs procedes industriels pour realiser l'immersion complete des solides flottant sur les liquides. Les besoins de conception pour ce procede ne sont pas completement definis et sont actuellement limites a une approche heuristique utilisant un vortex de surface et a l'effet de la mouillabilite sur la difficulte de melange, en complement de plusieurs etudes initiales dans la litterature scientifique. Dans cette etude, l'effet du type de turbine, de la taille et de la forme des particules, de la concentration de solides, de la submersion de la turbine et de la configuration des chicanes sur la vitesse d'immersion (Njd) est etudie. On a trouve que la formation d'un vortex de surface important a pour effet de garder les particules proches de la surface. La suppression du vortex de surface est recommandee. Dans les reservoirs munis de chicanes ou la formation du vortex de surface important est supprimee, l'intensite de la turbulence et la vitesse de circulation moyenne du liquide sont responsables de l'immersion des solides et de leur distribution dans le reservoir. On a trouve que la hauteur d'immersion de la turbine par rapport a la surface du liquide et le mode de pompage de la turbine a pales inclinees (PBT) etaient les parametres gouvernants. Des simulations en CFD ont ete menees pour une meilleure comprehension et interpretation des profils d'ecoulement et des mecanismes d'immersion pour differentes configurations de chicanes.
Crystal Structure of the High-Pressure Phase of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (γ-RDX)

The crystal structure of the high-pressure phase of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (γ-RDX), which is stable above 4 GPa at room temperature, was investigated by using infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction measurements followed by Rietveld refinements using a diamond anvil cell (DAC). Although γ and α phases were found to belong to the same space group Pbca, they exhibited a different crystal packing. The molecular structure of the γ phase exhibited the same conformation as that of the α phase; however, the torsion angles of N−NO2 changed marginally.
MONOSILICATE ADSORPTION BY FERRIHYDRITE AND GOETHITE AT PH 3–6

The constant capacitance model and the Elovich equation were combined in the following mathematical expression enabling calculation of the amount of silicic acid adsorbed by iron oxides as a function of the Si concentration, pH, soil:solution ratio, and reaction time: Ka1 is the protolytic surface constant and Ksi is the stability constant for the Fe oxide-silicate surface complex; -logKa1 = 6.40–0.54(8-pH) and logKsi = 3.85 for ferrihydrite and goethite. Good agreement was found between calculated Si adsorption and the amount actually found to be adsorbed by synthetic ferrihydrite and goethite at different pH (3–6), Si concentration (1–600 μM), solid:solution ratio (1:300, 1:1200) and reaction time (1–480h).
Thiophene-Fused Tetrathiafulvalenes as a New Molecular Donor.

interferences. First, a calibration curve was obtained with standard solutions, which were prepared from the stock solution. It showed a good linearity for the range of interests. However, when concentrations were determined from the calibration curve, the result disagreed from the true values more than 20%. This was probably due to the interferences from the matrix of SRM. Thus, standard addition method was chosen and the results showed good agreement with the reference values (Table 4). To increase the enrichment factor, sample volume should be increased. Currently, 1.0 mL of sample loop is used and the enrichment factor is 8 with the sampling speed of 15/hr. If it is increased to 10.0 mL, it could be increased more than 80 times. However, the sampling speed is reduced to 2/hr. In conclusion, on-line precipitation preconcentration is a very simple and accurate technique to enhance the analytical capability of the existing instrument. Enrichment of 8 fold with accurate result co니d be done very comfortably. If time is sacrificed, further enrichment is possible and can be extended to various other elements. Acknowledgement. The authors thank for the financial support from Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (81510-677) and the donation of Flame AA from Sun-il Inc. References
Sinus Surgery: Analysis of Videos Available Online

Objectives YouTube is the second most visited website in the world and can be a useful resource for patients to gain insight into surgical procedures. A multitude of studies have evaluated the quality of otolaryngology-specific healthcare information available on the YouTube platform, but to our knowledge, the online content regarding functional endoscopic sinus surgery available on this site has not been systematically evaluated. Study Design Cross sectional study. Setting Online. Methods YouTube was searched using the keywords “sinus surgery. ” Variables including video length, total number of views, authorship (academic, private practice physician, patient, or third party), objective (advertisement, informative, or patient perspective), inclusion of intra-operative footage, and discussion of balloon sinuplasty were recorded and analyzed by a single reviewer. Results Two-hundred twenty-two videos met inclusion criteria, with a median length of 4 minutes, and a median of 3349 views. The majority of videos were informative (n = 145, 65%), narrated (n = 151, 68%), and did not mention balloon sinuplasty (n = 189, 85%) nor contain intra-operative footage (n = 116, 52%). Private practice physicians were the most common authors (n = 113, 51%), followed by patients (n = 70, 32%), third parties (n = 28, 13%) and academics (n = 11, 5%). Conclusions Sinus surgery is one of the most common ambulatory procedures performed. Online resources such as YouTube can be useful for improving health literacy and patient comfort with medical topics such as functional endoscopic sinus surgery, but it is important for clinicians and patients to understand that there is a spectrum in the authorship, content, and quality of sinus surgery related videos posted online.
Urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA is An Indicator For The Progression and Prognosis of COVID-19 Disease

Background: We aimed to analyse clinical characteristics and find potential factors predicting poor prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: We analyzed the demographic and clinical data of COVID-19 patients and detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine sediments collected from 53 COVID-19 patients enrolled in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 31, 2020 to February 18, 2020 with qRT-PCR analysis, and then classified those patients based on clinical conditions (severe or non-severe syndrome) and urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA (URNA− or URNA+). Results: We found that COVID-19 patients with severe syndrome (severe patients) showed significantly higher positive rate (11 of 23, 47.8%) of urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA than non-severe patients (4 of 30, 13.3%, p = 0.006). URNA+ patients or severe URNA+ subgroup exhibited higher prevalence of inflammation and immune discord, cardiovascular diseases, liver damage and renal disfunction, and higher risk of death than URNA− patients. To understand the potential mechanisms underlying the viral urine shedding, we performed renal histopathological analysis on postmortems of patients with COVID-19 and found that severe renal vascular endothelium lesion characterized by increase of the expression of thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor, markers to assess the endothelium dysfunction. We proposed a theoretical and mathematic model to depict the potential factors determining the urine shedding of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: This study indicated that urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in urine specimens can be used to predict the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 severity.
The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) feed on cardiac biomarker in medium-dose isoproterenol-induced myocardial toxicity

Objective: Traditional medicines have been widely used to prevent and treat diseases for thousands of years. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ginger feed on cardiac biomarker in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial toxicity. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were grouped into six groups of five: Control; ISO-induced toxicity; ginger fed; ginger fed before; ginger fed+ ISO simultaneously and ginger fed after. Freshly prepared solution of ISO was injected through intraperitoneal route at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, while the control received distilled water. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture after two weeks of administration, the serum was used to evaluate biomarkers. Results: The CK-MB and CK of ginger-fed groups were significantly lower compared to ISO group- 8.2±0.5 U/L and 39.36±5.28 U/L respectively, P <0.05. The CK-MB and CK levels of all ginger-fed groups showed no significant difference compared to the control- 2.2±0.3 U/L and 17. 07±3.4. 90 U/L, respectively p>0.05, except ginger fed after group where they were significantly higher compared to the control. The mean value of LDH in all ginger-fed groups was lower than the ISO group (67.17±0.88 U/L; p<0.05), but significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control (26.45±2.52 U/L). The mean value of ALT in all ginger fed groups was lower than the ISO group (83.11±4.88U/L; p≤0.05). Conclusion: Ginger feed hindered toxic effects of isoproterenol.
Is There Still a Place for Tocilizumab in Coronavirus Disease 2019?

Abstract In this article, we sought to summarize the available evidence of tocilizumab as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019. Recent tocilizumab randomized trials have not shown clear evidence of efficacy, especially on mortality, in contrast to observational studies. These clinical trials focus on a heterogeneous population of patients (clinical severity and inflammatory stage), and this is possibly one of the reasons that explain heterogeneity of results. However, these same trials have shown some evidence that tocilizumab may reduce intensive care unit admissions and/or mechanical ventilation incidence, which are huge challenges in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Future clinical trials with primary endpoint built on this assumption are needed (1) to confirm whether tocilizumab reduces mechanical ventilation requirement and (2) to describe the right patient population and optimal timing for tocilizumab administration. Finding the optimal timing for tocilizumab administration and the group of patients who are susceptible to having the greatest benefit are probably the main challenge.
Dysregulation of the Leukocyte Signaling Landscape during Acute COVID-19

The global COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of more than 450,000 US citizens. Dysregulation of the immune system underlies the pathogenesis of COVID-19, with inflammation mediated local tissue injury to the lung in the setting of suppressed systemic immune function. To define the molecular mechanisms of immune dysfunction in COVID-19 we utilized a systems immunology approach centered on the circulating leukocyte phosphoproteome measured by mass cytometry. COVID-19 is associated with wholesale activation of a broad set of signaling pathways across myeloid and lymphoid cell populations. STAT3 phosphorylation predominated in both monocytes and T cells and was tightly correlated with circulating IL-6 levels. High levels of STAT3 phosphorylation was associated with decreased markers of myeloid cell maturation/activation and decreased ex-vivo T cell IFN-gamma production, demonstrating that during COVID-19 dysregulated cellular activation is associated with suppression of immune effector cell function. Collectively, these data reconcile the systemic inflammatory response and functional immunosuppression induced by COVID-19 and suggest STAT3 signaling may be the central pathophysiologic mechanism driving immune dysfunction in COVID-19.
Cardioprotective Effect of Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Urtica simensis Leaves on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats

Background Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are becoming the major cause of death. Urtica simensis is one of endogenous plant which treats a wide range of disease conditions including heart diseases. However, there is limited information on safety and efficacy of the plant. Objective To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, the in vivo cardioprotective activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of Urtica simensis leaves on cyclophosphamide-induced myocardial injury. Methods The cardioprotective activity of the crude extract, aqueous and hexane fraction of Urtica simensis leaves was evaluated based on anatomical, biochemical and histopathological methods. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the plant was also assayed in terms of free radical scavenging activity (RSA). Results Crude extract and solvent fractions of Urtica simensis significantly prevented the deleterious effect of cyclophosphamide on body weight (P<0.001), heart weight to body ratio (P<0.01), cardiac biomarkers including troponin I (P<0.01), alanine transaminase (ALT) (P<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P<0.01) and lipid profiles including triglycerides (P<0.001) and total cholesterol (P<0.01). The histopathological study confirmed presence of necrosis, oedema and haemorrhage on cyclophosphamide alone-treated groups while the 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the crude extract and aqueous fraction showed normal cardiocytes. The antioxidant assay of Urtica simensis plant exhibited free radical scavenging activity of inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) for the crude extract with the values of 63. 27µg/mL, aqueous fraction with the values of 136. 38µg/mL and hexane fraction with the values of 258. 70µg/mL. Conclusion Crude extract and solvent fractions of Urtica simensis leaves have cardioprotective activities. The cardioprotective effect could be attributed to the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts. However, this requires further in-depth understanding.
Understanding the Public Discussion About the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Twitter Data: Text Mining Analysis Study

Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a national public health protection agency in the United States. With the escalating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on society in the United States and around the world, the CDC has become one of the focal points of public discussion. Objective This study aims to identify the topics and their overarching themes emerging from the public COVID-19-related discussion about the CDC on Twitter and to further provide insight into public's concerns, focus of attention, perception of the CDC's current performance, and expectations from the CDC. Methods Tweets were downloaded from a large-scale COVID-19 Twitter chatter data set from March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, to August 14, 2020. We used R (The R Foundation) to clean the tweets and retain tweets that contained any of five specific keywords—cdc, CDC, centers for disease control and prevention, CDCgov, and cdcgov—while eliminating all 91 tweets posted by the CDC itself. The final data set included in the analysis consisted of 290,764 unique tweets from 152,314 different users. We used R to perform the latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm for topic modeling. Results The Twitter data generated 16 topics that the public linked to the CDC when they talked about COVID-19. Among the topics, the most discussed was COVID-19 death counts, accounting for 12.16% (n=35,347) of the total 290,764 tweets in the analysis, followed by general opinions about the credibility of the CDC and other authorities and the CDC's COVID-19 guidelines, with over 20,000 tweets for each. The 16 topics fell into four overarching themes: knowing the virus and the situation, policy and government actions, response guidelines, and general opinion about credibility. Conclusions Social media platforms, such as Twitter, provide valuable databases for public opinion. In a protracted pandemic, such as COVID-19, quickly and efficiently identifying the topics within the public discussion on Twitter would help public health agencies improve the next-round communication with the public.
Awareness of Premarital Screening and Genetic Counseling among Saudis and its Association with Sociodemographic Factors: a National Study

Background Premarital screening and genetic counseling (PMSGC) is compulsory in Saudi Arabia and aims to identify and decrease the prevalence of some genetic and sexually transmitted infectious diseases. However, there are little data on community awareness about PMSGC. This study assessed knowledge levels, attitudes, and behaviors associated with PMSGC in the general Saudi Arabian population and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of 6263 participants randomly selected from all 20 health regions in Saudi Arabia, stratified according to age and fulfilling predefined selection criteria. Trained data collectors used a comprehensive pretested questionnaire to collect data. Data were collected in March and April 2019. Univariable and multivariable associations between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge levels, attitudes, and behaviors were examined. Results While all 6263 study participants had heard about PMSGC, only 575 (9.2%) participants had satisfactory knowledge, while 3283 (52.4%) participants had fair knowledge. Predictors of high knowledge scores were university or higher education level (aOR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.80–2.36), positive medical history of PMSGC-screened disease (aOR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.51–2.69), family income ≥3000 SR/month (aOR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.50–1.93), being married/previously married (aOR=1.46; 95% CI: 1.25–1.70), female gender (aOR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.12–1.40), and age >18 years (aOR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.06–1.48). The majority of participants (5246, 83.8%) had positive attitudes towards the importance of PMSGC, the burden of screened genetic and infectious diseases on the family, and that marrying was inadvisable with incompatible results. Of the 3986 engaged or married participants, 2911 (73.0%) had undertaken premarital screening, of whom 360 (12.4%) had incompatible results; 98 (37.1%) married despite this information. Conclusion Despite advances in public healthcare measures in Saudi Arabia, gaps remain in the knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors associated with PMSGC. Culturally specific community health education programs for PMSGC must be devised that emphasize the risks associated with consanguineous marriage.
Reduced anoctamin 7 (ANO7) expression is a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in prostate cancer

Objective: Anoctamin 7 (ANO7) is a calcium2+-dependent chloride ion channel protein. Its expression is restricted to prostate epithelial cells. The exact function is unknown. This study aimed to analyze ANO7 expression and its clinical significance in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: ANO7 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 17,747 clinical PCa specimens. Results: ANO7 was strongly expressed in normal prostate glandular cells but often less abundant in cancer cells. ANO7 staining was interpretable in 13,594 cancer tissues and considered strong in 34.4%, moderate in 48.7%, weak in 9.3%, and negative in 7.6%. Reduced staining was tightly linked to adverse tumor features [high classical and quantitative Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage, high Ki67 labeling index, positive surgical margin, and early biochemical recurrence (P < 0.0001 each)]. The univariate Cox hazard ratio for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence after prostatectomy in patients with negative vs. strong ANO7 expression was 2.98 (95% confidence interval 2.61–3.38). The prognostic impact was independent of established pre- or postoperatively available parameters (P < 0.0001). Analysis of annotated molecular data showed that low ANO7 expression was linked to TMPRSS2:ERG fusions (P < 0.0001), elevated androgen receptor expression (P < 0.0001), as well as presence of 9 of 11 chromosomal deletions (P < 0.05 each). A particularly strong association of low ANO7 expression with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion may indicate a functional relationship with the PTEN/AKT pathway. Conclusions: These data identify reduced ANO7 protein expression as a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in PCa. ANO7 measurement, either alone or in combination, might provide clinically useful prognostic information in PCa.
Hygroscopic Growth and Deposition of Inhaled Secondary Cigarette Smoke in Human Nasal Pathways

To ascertain the threat to human health posed by the inhalation of the particulate phase for secondary cigarette smoke (SCS), it is necessary to determine the doses delivered to airway cells. The risk assessment of SCS particles is complicated by their hygroscopic properties. Inhaled particles that are hygroscopic may absorb the water vapor that is present in a warm, humid environment such as that found in the human respiratory system. As a direct result, the physicochemical characteristics of a particle such as size, shape, density, and composition may experience significant changes. Herein, the effects of hygroscopicity and deposition of SCS particles are examined in the nasopharyngeal region of the respiratory tract through which particles travel before entering the lung. To accomplish this goal, a computer model is defined to describe the anatomical features of the airways within the human head and throat. Then the effects of water vapor uptake and deposition on inhaled particle size distributions are formulated. The results of the simulations indicate that hygroscopicity is a critical factor affecting the dynamics of inhaled SCS.