Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Nearshore Wind Conditions Using Onshore Observation Data with Computational Fluid Dynamic and Mesoscale Models

This study aimed to establish numerical models to replicate wind conditions for nearshore waters, sensitive to onshore topography, and to compare the characteristics of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and mesoscale models. Vertical Doppler light detection and ranging (LiDAR) observation data were measured at an onshore site, which showed that wind conditions were affected by thermodynamic phenomena, such as land and sea breeze, and dynamical effects from neighboring onshore topography. The estimation accuracy of the CFD model depended on the height of the LiDAR data input. A height close to the target, such as the hub height of wind turbines, seemed appropriate as input data, considering that the accuracy of the wind speed shear replicated in a CFD numerical model may be uncertain. The mesoscale model replicated the wind through the thermodynamic effect and reliably estimated wind speed over nearshore waters without observation correction. Larger estimation errors were detected in the CFD model than in the mesoscale model, as the former could not account for thermodynamic effects. Wind conditions in water areas near complex coastlines may also be formed by thermodynamic factors, making analysis using a mesoscale model advantageous.
Environmental Levies and Distortionary Taxation.

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FU Orionis: The MIDI VLTI Perspective

We present the first mid-infrared interferometric measurements of FU Orionis. We clearly resolve structures that are best explained with an optically thick accretion disk. A simple accretion disk model fits the observed SED and visibilities reasonably well and does not require the presence of any additional structure such as a dusty envelope. The inclination and also the position angle of the disk can be constrained from the multibaseline interferometric observations. Our disk model is in general agreement with most published near-infrared interferometric measurements. From the shape and strength of the 8-13 μm spectrum, the dust composition of the accretion disk is derived for the first time. We conclude that most dust particles are amorphous and already much larger than those typically observed in the ISM. Although the high accretion rate of the system provides both high temperatures out to large radii and an effective transport mechanism to distribute crystalline grains, we do not see any evidence for crystalline silicates in either the total spectrum or the correlated flux spectra from the inner disk regions. Possible reasons for this nondetection are mentioned. All results are discussed in context with other high spatial resolution observations of FU Ori and other FU Ori objects. We also address the question whether FU Ori is in a younger evolutionary stage than a classical T Tauri star.
Self-consistent Dark Matter simplified models with an s-channel scalar mediator

We examine Simplified Models in which fermionic DM interacts with Standard Model (SM) fermions via the exchange of an s-channel scalar mediator. The single-mediator version of this model is not gauge invariant, and instead we must consider models with two scalar mediators which mix and interfere. The minimal gauge invariant scenario involves the mixing of a new singlet scalar with the Standard Model Higgs boson, and is tightly constrained. We construct two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) extensions of this scenario, where the singlet mixes with the 2nd Higgs doublet. Compared with the one doublet model, this provides greater freedom for the masses and mixing angle of the scalar mediators, and their coupling to SM fermions. We outline constraints on these models, and discuss Yukawa structures that allow enhanced couplings, yet keep potentially dangerous flavour violating processes under control. We examine the direct detection phenomenology of these models, accounting for interference of the scalar mediators, and interference of different quarks in the nucleus. Regions of parameter space consistent with direct detection measurements are determined.
How context creates motivation: The effects of social context in a situation of job insecurity - a case study

This research project provides insights in how knowledge workers make sense of their context of job insecurity in terms of motivation and aims to develop a theoretical understanding on motivation from a more conceptual point of view. There are several universally acknowledged motivation theories that claim to explain what motivates people. According to these theories, the job-threatening situation of our research should result in a lasting decrease in motivation. However, our findings suggest otherwise. Job insecurity does not necessarily lead to a lasting decrease in motivation, as the meaning making process of knowledge workers is determined interactively. The interactive aspects culture, norms, morals and identity influence what motivates knowledge workers. From the findings of this research that highlight the complexity of the meaning making process of knowledge workers, we can conclude that there is no magic formula that generates motivation. This research contributes to the motivation literature by applying the ‘motivation triangle theory’ to a real life context for the first time in order to understand motivation from a socio-cultural perspective. As such, we also contribute by testing its validity and usability, even though it cannot be generalized (yet).
Equivariance et invariants de type fini en dimension trois

Cette these a pour objet l'etude des invariants de type fini des spheres d'homologie rationnelle de dimension 3, et des nœuds homologiquement triviaux dans ces spheres. Les principaux resultats sont presentes dans le chapitre 2. Ils sont demontres dans les chapitres 3 a 6. Le chapitre 3 est un article intitule ``Finite type invariants of rational homology 3-spheres'', a paraitre dans Algebraic & Geometric Topology. Il decrit le gradue associe a la filtration de l'espace vectoriel rationnel engendre par les spheres d'homologie rationnelle, definie par les chirurgies rationnelles preservant le lagrangien. Le chapitre 4 est un article intitule ``On Alexander modules and Blanchfield forms of null-homologous knots in rational homology spheres'', publie dans Journal of Knot Theory and its Ramifications. Il contient la classification des modules d'Alexander des nœuds homologiquement triviaux dans les spheres d'homologie rationnelle, et une etude des formes de Blanchfield definies sur ces modules. Dans la suite, on considere les paires (M,K) formees d'une sphere d'homologie rationnelle M et d'un nœud K homologiquement trivial dans M. Dans le chapitre 5, on montre que deux telles paires ont des modules d'Alexander rationnels munis de leurs formes de Blanchfield isomorphes si et seulement si elles s'obtiennent l'une de l'autre par une suite finie de chirurgies rationnelles nulles preservant le lagrangien, c'est-a-dire effectuees sur des corps en anses d'homologie rationnelle homologiquement triviaux dans le complementaire du nœud. Dans le chapitre 6, on etudie le gradue associe a la filtration de l'espace vectoriel rationnel engendre par les paires (M,K) definie par les chirurgies rationnelles nulles preservant le lagrangien. Ces deux derniers chapitres comportent des travaux en progres.
Mobile Microwork in South Africa: Attitudes, Experiences and Barriers

The rapid increase in the adoption of mobile devices in developing countries positions mobile microwork as a potential solution to the persistent unemployment challenge. Mobile microwork enables job seekers to participate in the online job market regardless of their geographic location. This paper examines mobile microworker attitudes, experiences as well as barriers in South Africa. It aims to explore and understand how these factors influence the potential and actual participation in microwork. The study adapted SelfDetermination Theory model to include barriers that are experienced by individuals in the workforce to explore the relationship between their attitudes and motivations to participate in microwork. It focussed on the perceptions of individuals in the workforce and the potential application of mobile microwork as a form or a means to supplement their income. The findings show a strong relationship between the attitudes of workers and factors such as age, education level and employment status.
The 3 micron spectrum of R Doradus observed with the ISO-SWS

We have modeled the 2:6{3:7m spectrum of the red semiregular variable R Doradus observed with the Short-Wavelength Spectrometer on board the Infrared Space Observatory. The wavelength resolution of the observations varies between R 2000{2500. We have calculated a synthetic spectrum using a hydrostatic model photosphere in spherical geometry. The agreement between the synthetic spectrum and the ISO observations is encouraging, especially in the wavelength region of 2:8{3:7m, suggesting that a hydrostatic model photosphere is adequate for the calculation of synthetic spectra in the near infrared for this moderately varying red giant star. However, an additional absorption component is needed at 2:6{2:8m and this discrepancy is discussed. The spectral signatures are dominated by water vapour in the stellar photosphere, but several photospheric OH, CO, and SiO features are also present. The eective temperature and surface gravity derived for R Dor, based on the 2:6{3:7m ISO spectrum and the modeling of it with a hydrostatic model photosphere, are 3000 100 K and logg =0 1 (cgs), respectively. The spectral region observed is found to be temperature sensitive. The eective temperature given here is slightly higher than those reported in the literature. We also discuss possible reasons for this.
Stochastic calculus and applications

These notes and other information about the course are available on www.statslab.cam.ac.uk/∼beresty/teach/StoCal/stocal.html Christina Goldschmidt, Stefan Grosskinsky, Gregory Miermont, and James Norris have all contributed to these notes. However, errors are my responsibility only. Comments and corrections are most welcome and should be sent to N.Berestycki AT statslab.cam.ac.uk Date last modified: April 23, 2010
Numerical calculations on the relative entanglement entropy in critical spin chains

We study the relative entanglement entropy (EE) among various primary excited states in two critical spin chains: the S=1/2 XXZ chain and the transverse field Ising chain at criticality. For the S=1/2 XXZ chain, which corresponds to c=1 free boson conformal field theory (CFT), we numerically calculate the relative EE by exact diagonalization and find a perfect agreement with the predictions by the CFT. For the transverse field Ising chain at criticality, which corresponds to the c=1/2 Ising CFT, we analytically relate its relative EE to that of the S=1/2 XXZ chain and confirm the relation numerically. We also calculate the ‘sandwiched’ Rényi relative EE and again the numerical results agree well with the analytical predictions. Our results are the first direct confirmation of the CFT predictions on the relative EE of the primary excited states in critical spin chains.
Pruning The ELM Survey: Characterizing Candidate Low-mass White Dwarfs through Photometric Variability

We assess the photometric variability of nine stars with spectroscopic Teff and log g values from the ELM Survey that locates them near the empirical extremely low-mass (ELM) white dwarf instability strip. We discover three new pulsating stars: SDSS J135512.34+195645.4, SDSS J173521.69+213440.6, and SDSS J213907.42+222708.9. However, these are among the few ELM Survey objects that do not show radial velocity (RV) variations that confirm the binary nature expected of helium-core white dwarfs. The dominant 4.31 hr pulsation in SDSS J135512.34+195645.4 far exceeds the theoretical cut-off for surface reflection in a white dwarf, and this target is likely a high-amplitude δ Scuti pulsator with an overestimated surface gravity. We estimate the probability to be less than 0.0008 that the lack of measured RV variations in four of eight other pulsating candidate ELM white dwarfs could be due to low orbital inclination. Two other targets exhibit variability as photometric binaries. Partial coverage of the 19.342 hr orbit of WD J030818.19+514011.5 reveals deep eclipses that imply a primary radius >0.4 R⊙—too large to be consistent with an ELM white dwarf. The only object for which our time series photometry adds support to ELM white dwarf classification is SDSS J105435.78−212155.9, which has consistent signatures of Doppler beaming and ellipsoidal variations. We conclude that the ELM Survey contains multiple false positives from another stellar population at Teff ≲ 9000 K, possibly related to the sdA stars recently reported from SDSS spectra.
Quartet, higher order and near resonant interactions in nonlinear wave equations

Motivated by problems arising in geophysical fluid dynamics, we investigate resonant and near resonant wave interactions in nonlinear wave equations with quadratic nonlinearity, We place a special focus on interactions between slow wave modes, with zero frequency in the linear limit, and fast modes. These regularly occur in geophysical fluid systems with conserved potential vorticity or similar conserved quantities. A general multi-scale asymptotic expansion is used to show how the higher order nonlinear interaction coefficients are derived as a combination of the first order terms arising at the triad interaction level. From the general nth-order interaction coefficient we present a proof by induction how the limiting effect for particular combinations of slow and fast modes pushes their interactions to a slower timescale, and we show how this is linked to the form of the conserved quantities. We compare near resonant expansions with exact resonant expansions, and show how near-resonances allow higher order expansions to be reduced to just the most dominant contributions. These contributions then occur at one order higher in the expansion when compared to the analogous exact resonance expansion.
Prevalence of Anal High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Abnormal Anal Cytology among Women Living with HIV

Background: Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), WLWHs, are at high risk of developing anal cancer associated with high-risk human papilloma virus infection (HR-HPV). We analyzed the prevalence of anal HR-HPV infection and abnormal anal cytology in a cohort of WLWHs and assessed the risk factors for anal HR-HPV infection. Methods: We present a single-center, observational cross-sectional study. WLWHs who underwent anal cytology and anal human papilloma virus (HPV) testing were selected. High-resolution anoscopy was performed in cases of abnormal anal cytology. All suspicious lesions were biopsied. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze risk factors for abnormal anal screening. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In total, 400 WLWHs were studied. Of them, 334 met the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in the study. Abnormal anal cytology was detected in 39.5% of patients, and anal HR-HPV in 40.1%, with HPV 16 in 33 (26.6%) of them. Concomitant HR-HPV cervical infection was the only independent risk factor for HR-HPV anal infection (OR 1.67 95% CI, p < 0.001). Conclusions: WLWHs have a high prevalence of HR-HPV anal infection and anal cytologic abnormalities. HR-HPV cervical infection is the main predictor of HR-HPV anal infection.
Socio-economic Determinants of Sugarcane-Soybean Intercropping among Smallholder Farmers in Awendo Sub-County, Kenya

Global climate change and decreases in available land are significant challenges humans currently face. Alternative management approaches for sugarcane fields have great potential to help mitigate these problems in Kenya. Intercropping as a crop diversification strategy is a crucial coping mechanism for agriculture's income, production, and marketing risks. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of sugarcane-soybean intercropping among sugarcane farmers to inform policymakers about policy adjustment. The study used primary data collected from 246 households using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model. Results showed that 63% of the respondents had adopted sugarcane monocropping compared to only 37 % who had adopted sugarcane-soybean intercropping. Specifically, the study found that sugarcane farming experience (p =<0.10), production acreage (p =<0.10), land ownership (p =<0.10), and divorced as marital status ((p =<0.05) had negative and significant effects on sugarcane – soybean intercropping, while farmers' age (p =<0.10) and widowed as a marital status (p =<0.01) depicted a positive and significant association with sugarcane – soybean intercropping. From the findings, lack of credit for farm operations and the high cost of farm inputs also emerged as barriers to the adoption of sugarcane intercropping systems. Based on the results, the study suggests the need for government to promote the development of agricultural policy that supports the shift from non-diversification to crop diversification through developing guaranteed access to inputs and subsidies on farming input resources with priority given to smallholder farmers.
Histological changes in the kidney and liver associated with administration of ethylene glycol in domestic pigeons (Columba liviadomestica )

In order to illustrate the histological changes in kidney and liver associated with water drinking of ethylene glycol (EG) in domestic pigeons (Columba liviadomestica), 24 adult birds, weighing 350- 400 grams, aged 9-12 months were used, for the period from 5/2/2021- 16/3/2021 at Diyala University - College of Veterinary Medicine. They divided into two equal groups. One group control and other group gives EG with water at concentration 8.5ml/L for three weeks. Histological results illustrated normal structures of kidney and liver in the domestic pigeons of control group. It was observed histological alteration in both organs in the group which received EG such as degeneration of tubular epithelium, cellular infiltration, congestion in kidney, while detect increase inflammatory cell, degeneration, and precipitated materials in the lumen of central vein in liver. It concluded that the EG causes toxic injury to the renal and hepatic tissue in domestic pigeons.
Detection of two intervening Ne viii absorbers probing warm gas at z ∼ 0.6

We report on the detection of two Ne VIII absorbers, at z = 0.61907 and z = 0.57052 in the HST/COS spectrum of background quasars SDSS J 080908.13+461925.6 and SBS 1122+594 respectively. The Ne VIII 770 line is at $\sim 3\sigma$ significance. In both instances, the NeVIII is found to be tracing gas with $T \gtrsim 10^5$ K, predominantly collisionally ionized, with moderate densities of $n_{H} \lesssim 10^{-4}$ $cm^{-3}$, sub-solar metallicities and total hydrogen column densities of $N(H) \gtrsim 10^{19}$ $cm^{2}$. In the z = 0.61907 absorber, the low, intermediate ions and O VI are consistent with origin in photoionized gas, with the O VI potentially having some contribution from the warm collisional phase traced by Ne VIII. The z = 0.57052 system has H I absorption in at least three kinematically distinct components, with one of them having $b (H I) = 49 {\pm} 11$ $km s^{-1}$. The intermediate ionization lines, O VI and Ne VIII are coincident in velocity with this component. Their different line widths suggest warm temperatures of $T = (0.5 - 1.5) \times 10^5$ K. Both absorbers are residing in regions where there are several luminous ($ \gtrsim L^*$) galaxies. The absorber at z = 0.57052 is within the virial radius of a $2.6L^*$ galaxy, possibly associated with shock heated circumgalactic material.
Perturbative effective action for the photon in noncommutative QED$_{2}$ and exactness of the Schwinger mass

In this paper, we discuss the noncommutative QED$_2$ in the S-matrix framework. We are interested in perturbatively proving that the exact Schwinger mass $\mu^2=\frac{e^2}{\pi}$ does not receive noncommutative corrections to any order in loop expansion. In this sense, the S-matrix approach is useful since it allows us to work with the effective action $\Gamma[A]$ (interaction term) to compute the corresponding gauge field 1PI two-point function at higher orders. Furthermore, by means of $\alpha^*$-cohomology, we generalize the QED$_2$ S-matrix analysis in the Moyal star product to all translation-invariant star products.
Teaching Einsteinian physics at schools: part 3, review of research outcomes

This paper reviews research results obtained from Einsteinian physics programs run by different instructors with Years 6, 9, 10 and 11 students using the models and analogies described in parts 1 and 2. The research aimed to determine whether it is possible to teach Einsteinian physics and to measure the changes in student attitudes to physics engendered by introducing the modern concepts that underpin technology today. Results showed that students easily coped with the concepts of Einsteinian physics, and considered that they were not too young for the material presented. Importantly, in all groups, girls improved their attitude to physics considerably more than the boys, generally achieving near parity with the boys.
Prokaryotic Populations in Arsenic-Rich Shallow-Sea Hydrothermal Sediments of Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea

This study is the first to investigate the microbial ecology of the Tutum Bay (Papua New Guinea) shallow-sea hydrothermal system. The subsurface environment was sampled by SCUBA using push cores, which allowed collection of sediments and pore fluids. Geochemical analysis of sediments and fluids along a transect emanating from a discrete venting environment, about 10 mbsl, revealed a complex fluid flow regime and mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater within the sediments, providing a continuously fluctuating redox gradient. Vent fluids are highly elevated in arsenic, up to ∼1 ppm, serving as a “point source” of arsenic to this marine environment. 16S rRNA gene and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analyses revealed distinct prokaryotic communities in different sediment horizons, numerically dominated by Bacteria. 16S rRNA gene diversity at the genus level is greater among the Bacteria than the Archaea. The majority of taxa were similar to uncultured Crenarchaea, Chloroflexus, and various heterotrophic Bacteria. The archaeal community did not appear to increase significantly in number or diversity with depth in these sediments. Further, the majority of sequences identifying with thermophilic bacteria were found in the shallower section of the sediment core. No 16S rRNA genes of marine Crenarchaeota or Euryarchaeota were identified, and none of the identified Crenarchaeota have been cultured. Both sediment horizons also hosted “Korarchaeota”, which represent 2–5% of the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Metabolic functions, especially among the Archaea, were difficult to constrain given the distant relationships of most of the community members from cultured representatives. Identification of phenotypes and key ecological processes will depend on future culturing, identification of arsenic cycling genes, and RNA-based analyses.