Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of corporate social responsibility in Brazil: growth, firm size, sector and internal stakeholders involved in policy definition

This study aims to analyze Corporate Social Responsibility in Brazil, trying to capture signals that Brazilian firms are integrating CSR into their strategy. We have used a unique database comprising CSR of Brazilian firms, IBASE, which contains CSR data for about ten years. Results show that a growing number of Brazilian companies have adopted CSR and many firms already have internal stakeholders formally involved with CSR policy definition. Such groups have influenced CSR policy. This formal inclusion of stakeholders and the growing number of firms adopting CSR could be an indication that that the Brazilian firms may be integrating CSR into their strategy. Besides, sector, and firm size also seem to interfere on CSR policy. A relevant growth in external and environmental social actions has been documented.
Tidal meanders

Observational evidence is presented on the geometry of meandering tidal channels evolved within coastal wetlands characterized by different tidal, hydrodynamic, topographic, vegetational and ecological features. New insight is provided on the geometrical properties of tidal meanders, with possible dynamic implications on their evolution. In particular, it is shown that large spatial gradients of leading flow rates induce important spatial variabilities of meander wavelengths and widths, while their ratio remains remarkably constant in the range of scales of observation. This holds regardless of changes in width and wavelength up to two orders of magnitude. This suggests a locally adapted evolution, involving the morphological adjustment to the chief landforming events driven by local hydrodynamics. The spectral analysis of local curvatures reveals that Kinoshita's model curve does not fit tidal meanders due to the presence of even harmonics, in particular the second mode. Geometric parameters are constructed that are suitable to detect possible geomorphic signatures of the transitions from ebb‐ to flood‐dominated hydrodynamics, here related to the skewness of the tidal meander. Trends in skewness, however, prove elusive to measure and fail to show detectable patterns. We also study comparatively the spatial patterns of evolution of the ratios of channel width to depth, and the ratio of width to local radius of curvature. Interestingly, the latter ratio exhibits consistency despite sharp differences in channel incision. Since the degree of incision, epitomized by the width‐to‐depth ratio, responds to the relevant erosion and migrations mechanisms and is much sensitive to vegetation and sediment properties, it is noticeable that we observe a great variety of landscape carving modes and yet recurrent planar features like constant width/curvature and wavelength/width ratios.
The Baby Boom and World War II : A Macroeconomic Analysis

In the two decades following World War II the United States experienced a massive baby boom. The total fertility rate2 increased from 2.3 in 1940 to a maximum of 3.8 in 1957 (see Figure 1). Similarly, the data on cohort fertility show an increase from a completed fertility rate3 of 2.4 for women whose main childbearing period just preceded the baby boom (birth cohorts 1911–1915) to a rate of 3.2 for the women who had their children during the peak of the baby boom (birth cohorts 1931–1935; see Figure 2). The baby boom was followed by an equally rapid baby bust. The total fertility rate fell sharply throughout the 1960s, and was below 2.0 by 1973. The baby boom constituted a dramatic, if temporary, reversal of a century-long trend towards lower fertility rates. Understanding the causes of the baby boom is thus is a key challenge for demographic economics.
Offline Signature Verification with Convolutional Neural Networks

Signature verification is an important biometric technique that aims to detect whether a given signature is forged or genuine. It is essential in preventing falsification of documents in numerous financial, legal, and other commercial settings. Our project aims to automate the process of signature verification by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our model is based on the VGG16 architecture, and we use the ICDAR 2011 SigComp dataset to train our model with transfer learning. When classifying whether a given signature was a forgery or genuine, we achieve accuracies of 97% for Dutch signatures and 95% for Chinese Signatures. We also performed several experiments altering the types of training data and prediction task to make it more relevant to real-life applications, for which our methods seem promising but for which we were not able to achieve results much higher than a naive baseline.
Purification and Properties of β-Glucosidase from Candida pelliculosa var. acetaetherius

Candida pelliculosa var. acetaetherius was found to produce a β-glucosidase intracellularly. The enzyme was purified 200-fold by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE Sepharose CL-6B. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the final fraction, one protein band corresponding to β-glucosidase was detected. The molecular weights determined by SDS-PAGE and by Sephacryl S-300 chromatography were 90,000 and 360,000, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme was a tetramer. The enzyme was a glycoprotein and its isoelectric point was at pH 4.9. It’s optimum pH and temperature were 6.5 and 50°C, respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Zn2 +, Hg2 +, Cu2 +, Co2 +, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and glucose. Inhibition by glucose was competitive with a Ki value of 6.5 mm. Specificity studies for substrates indicated that the enzyme was specific for the p-configuration of sugars. Km values measured at 50°C were 0.5 mm for p-nitrophenyl-β-glucoside and 37 mm for cello.
Early marriage and childbearing in Indonesia and Nepal.

Using large-scale youth surveys conducted in Indonesia in 1999 and in Nepal in 2000 this paper examines age patterns of marriage for males and females age patterns of motherhood (giving birth to first child) and factors associated with the pace of marriage and pace of motherhood in these two countries. Early marriage before age 18 among females is common in rural Indonesia and in both urban and rural areas of Nepal. Majority of rural Nepalese females marry before age 18. Early marriage among males defined as marriage before age 20 is rare in Indonesia in both urban and rural areas and in urban Nepal but common in rural Nepal. Child marriages (marriages before age 15) are common in Nepal especially for females but rare in Indonesia even among rural females. In Nepal 17% of urban females and 26% of rural females marry before age 15 but in Indonesia only 2% of urban females and 8% of rural females do so. Majority of Indonesian and Nepalese youth who married early think that they married too early. Among the married youth who think that they married too early substantial proportions in Indonesia and a large majority in Nepal report that they did so according to the wishes of their parents. Early motherhood defined as giving birth to a child before age 20 is common in both countries. In Indonesia 19% of urban females and 40% of rural females have their first child before age 20. In Nepal the proportions are higher: 31 % among urban females and 41 % among rural females. In both countries the pace of marriage has been slowing in recent years. Among the factors examined education has the strongest effect on the pace of marriage for both males and females in both countries. Both countries also show large regional variations in the pace of marriage suggesting persisting effects of cultural tradition on marriage behavior. Fathers education and mothers education have moderate levels of effects on the pace of marriage in Indonesia but only weak effects in Nepal. The background factors affect females pace of marriage and pace of motherhood in similar manner in Indonesia. (authors)
Oxygen Sensing in Health and Disease Intermittent hypoxia augments carotid body and ventilatory response to hypoxia in neonatal rat pups

Peng, Ying-Jie, Julie Rennison, and Nanduri. R. Prabhakar. Intermittent hypoxia augments carotid body and ventilatory response to hypoxia in neonatal rat pups. J Appl Physiol 97: 2020–2025, 2004. First published July 16, 2004; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00876. 2003. —Carotid bodies are functionally immature at birth and exhibit poor sensitivity to hypoxia. Previous studies have shown that continuous hypoxia at birth impairs hypoxic sensing at the carotid body. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is more frequently experienced in neonatal life. Previous studies on adult animals have shown that IH facilitates hypoxic sensing at the carotid bodies. On the basis of these studies, in the present study we tested the hypothesis that neonatal IH facilitates hypoxic sensing of the carotid body and augments ventilatory response to hypoxia. Experiments were performed on 2-day-old rat pups that were exposed to 16 h of IH soon after the birth. The IH paradigm consisted of 15 s of 5% O2 (nadir) followed by 5 min of 21% O2 (9 episodes/h). In one group of experiments (IH and control, n 6 pups each), sensory activity was recorded from ex vivo carotid bodies, and in the other (IH and control, n 7 pups each) ventilation was monitored in unanesthetized pups by plethysmography. In control pups, sensory response of the carotid body was weak and was slow in onset ( 100 s). In contrast, carotid body sensory response to hypoxia was greater and the time course of the response was faster ( 30 s) in IH compared with control pups. The magnitude of the hypoxic ventilatory response was greater in IH compared with control pups, whereas changes in O2 consumption and CO2 production during hypoxia were comparable between both groups. The magnitude of ventilatory stimulation by hyperoxic hypercapnia (7% CO2-balance O2), however, was the same between both groups of pups. These results demonstrate that neonatal IH facilitates carotid body sensory response to hypoxia and augments hypoxic ventilatory chemoreflex.
Responsabilidad social universitaria

The current social climate raises new issues for human progress that involves not only economic resources but also the development of human and social resources to respond to emerging social needs. This creates new social responsibility requirements for people, professionals and organisations. Education and universities play a vital role in the processes of social responsibility, in terms of their management, teaching, research and social commitment within their own context. Assuming these functions from a position of social responsibility requires the commitment of the whole university, with democratic and sustainable citizenship, social inclusion and enriched social networks with a view to increased quality of life.
PARALLEL PATHWAYS FOR ITD AND ILD

■ Abstract Behavioral, anatomical, and physiological approaches can be integrated in the study of sound localization in barn owls. Space representation in owls provides a useful example for discussion of place and ensemble coding. Selectivity for space is broad and ambiguous in low-order neurons. Parallel pathways for binaural cues and for different frequency bands converge on high-order space-specific neurons, which encode space more precisely. An ensemble of broadly tuned place-coding neurons may converge on a single high-order neuron to create an improved labeled line. Thus, the two coding schemes are not alternate methods. Owls can localize sounds by using either the isomorphic map of auditory space in the midbrain or forebrain neural networks in which space is not mapped.
Source Parameter Scaling for Small Earthquakes Observed at the Western Nagano 800-m-Deep Borehole, Central Japan

Source parameters of 68 small earthquakes (0.6 < M W < 3.0) in western Nagano, Japan, are investigated to determine the scaling of static stress drop (Δσs) and apparent stress (σa) with seismic moment ( M ). Data from the 800-m-deep borehole in the area provides clean recordings containing a wide range of frequencies. Source parameters are determined by manipulation of P and S spectra in the frequency domain using individually determined time window lengths for arrivals on each seismogram. Frequency-independent quality factors, Q , corner frequencies, f c and the amplitude spectra levels are estimated with the best-fitting Brune (1970) ω2 model. A frequency-dependent attenuation model, Q ( f ), is calculated by spectra normalization. Static stress drop Δσs is self-similar for 1010 1011 N m, and 0.002 < σa < 0.2 MPa for M < 1011 N m, a narrower range than Q analysis results. Limits in recorded frequencies, variations in time window length, and source complexity are not found to significantly affect the calculation of σa. Therefore, the constant scaling of Δσs with M and the nonsimilarity and breakdown in σa scaling could be true characteristics of small earthquakes ( M W <1.3). Manuscript received 22 October 2002.
The Anti-Microbial Profile of Pyoderma in a Tertiary Care Institute

Introduction: Pyoderma is a superficial skin infection caused by various bacteria. It can be primary or secondary to pre-existing skin condition. Pyoderma is a common and easily treatable clinical condition but has many complications if not properly treated. There is a change in the spectrum of organisms causing pyoderma and changing antibiotic sensitivity due to irrational use of antibiotics. Hence we studied the organisms causing pyoderma and their sensitivity pattern in our tertiary referral centre. Aim: To identify the organisms causing pyoderma and to identify their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: All patients attending the dermatology department with pyoderma were studied. Result: Of the 60 samples collected, majority of them were males from low socio economic status. 68% of them had primary pyoderma. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant gram positive cocci and it is resistant to Penicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Cephalosporin. Other organisms like Streptococcus pyogenes was sensitive to Ampicillin and gram negative bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Pyoderma is common in the lower socio economic groups and there is an increase in the resistance to the routinely used antibiotics. Hence routine culture sensitivity of pyoderma would help in treating the patients and prevent complications.
Hypoxia 2015 Predictors of cerebral blood flow in patients with and without anemia

Matthew T. Borzage, Adam M. Bush, Soyoung Choi, Aart J. Nederveen, Lena Václavů, Thomas D. Coates, and John C. Wood Division of Neonatology and Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and Division of Cardiology and Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
Head direction cells in the primate pre‐subiculum

The function of the primate hippocampus and related structures was analysed by making recordings from the hippocampus, subiculum, presubiculum, and parahippocampal gyrus in monkeys actively walking in the laboratory. Head direction cells were found in the presubiculum. The firing rate of these cells was a function of the head direction of the monkey, with a response that was typically 10–100 times larger to the best as compared to the opposite direction. The mean half‐amplitude width of the tuning of the cells was 76°. The response of head direction cells in the presubiculum was not influenced by the place where the monkey was, there being the same tuning to head direction at different places in a room, and even outside the room. The response of these cells was also independent of the “spatial view” observed by the monkey, and also the position of the eyes in the head. The average information about head direction was 0.64 bits, about place was 0.10 bits, about spatial view was 0.27 bits, and about eye position was 0.04 bits. The cells maintained their tuning for periods of at least several minutes when the view details were obscured or the room was darkened. This representation of head direction could be useful together with the hippocampal spatial view cells and whole body motion cells found in primates in such spatial and memory functions as path integration. Hippocampus 1999; 9:206–219. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variations in Phenology and Morphology of Uapaca kirkiana Müll. Arg. Provenances at Nauko in Liwonde Forest Reserve, Malawi

Aim: To assess phenological and morphological parameters of Uapaca kirkiana Mull. Arg. provenances at sixteen years of age. Place and Duration of the Study: The trial was established in 1997 at Nauko in Liwonde Forest Reserve, Malawi. Methodology: Data collection on phenology and morphology (flowering, fruit production, diameter at breast height (dbh), height, and crown width) of Uapaca kirkiana provenances and families was carried out every month from flowering period up to fruiting period (January to May 2014) at sixteen years of age after out planting. Original Research Article Jenya et al.; JSRR, 10(3): 1-13, 2016; Article no.JSRR. 24030 2 Results: The results show that there were significant (P 0.05) differences in number of fruits per tree, dbh, height and crown width among the provenances. However, Phalombe had the highest mean number of fruits per tree (365±158). The mean dbh, height and crown width were: 10.1±0.1 cm, 7.7±0.06 m, and 3.0±0.05 m, respectively. There were no significant correlation between number of fruits and dbh (r=0.326; P=0.091) and the height (r=0.119; P=0.547). However, there was significant modest correlation between number of fruits and crown width (r=0.454; P<0.05). Number of fruits had high heritability value (0.72) followed by height (0.59) and dbh (0.53), while crown width did not appear to be under high genetic control with low heritability value of 0.13. Conclusion: The higher estimated heritability value for number of fruits per tree indicates that phenotypic selection for this trait could be highly efficient. Further studies should investigate heritability and genetic correlation between growth and desirable fruits traits (fruit size, sweetness, pulp ratio, etc) for efficient tree domestication and improvement strategy.
Controls of Canopy Activities on Roots and Soil Carbon Dynamics in a Young Ponderosa Pine Forest

Summary Our research at the Blodgett Forest Ameriflux site in California’s Sierra Nevada addresses the issue of aboveground controls on root turnover and soil carbon sequestration in a mid-elevation, young ponderosa pine plantation with an understory of shrubs (Arctostaphylos sp. and Ceanothus sp.). This research includes canopy flux measurements using the eddy covariance method. Soil respiration was measured by both chamber and solid-state gradient measurement sensors. Root dynamics was evaluated using periodic measurements with minirhizotron videoscopy. During the 2003 vegetation period, the leaf area index of ponderosa pine increased from ~3.0 to ~3.5, while the shrubs leaf area index increased from ~0.70 to ~1.2. The photosynthetic capacity of Ceanothus sp. and Arctostaphylos sp. was two times (winter) to five times (summer) higher than ponderosa pine per-unit leaf area. Both above- and sub-canopy daily flux integrals of CO2 showed significant uptake of carbon from the atmosphere. The daily sub-canopy CO2 uptake was 10% of the above canopy in spring and 50% in midsummer. During summer, around 60% of the outgoing energy flux was from the sub-canopy level. Soil respiration was driven by temperature and soil moisture: daily average respiration increased steadily from 1.44 umol μm -2 s -1 in March to 5.20 μmol m -2 s -1 in August. Tree stems started to expand at the beginning of May, and shoots to elongate in mid-May. The photosynthetic capacity of the trees and shrubs started to increase at the end of May. The roots didn't exhibit substantial growth until mid-June, probably because the soil was too cold: the daily minimum temperature stayed below 5oC until mid-May. The new needle elongation followed root growth closely. The root dynamics in this plantation were decoupled from photosynthetic activity in the short term, but probably strongly linked with photosynthesis in the medium term via regulating root demography. Fine root dynamics showed a month-long growth pulse, with negligible prior or subsequent growth, which contradicts existing studies that show relatively uniform fine root growth patterns throughout the growing season. Soil respiration was strongly linked with root development: no significant increases of soil CO2 efflux was detected during the most active period of root growth, despite the constantly rising average temperature, which may indicate the presence of a negative priming effect. Further analysis of our extensive datasets will focus on testing this hypothesis more thoroughly.
Time Management Disposition Mediates the Influence of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Undergraduates’ Procrastination Childhood Psychological Maltreatment and Procrastination in Childhood

Objective: The present study explores the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and procrastination among college students and the mediating effect of time management disposition. Materials and Methods: The present study surveyed 682 college students from two universities with the Children’s Psychological Maltreatment Scale, Aitken Procrastination Questionnaire, and Adolescence Time Management Disposition Scale. Results: There are significant positive correlations between childhood psychological maltreatment and undergraduates’ procrastination ( r = 0.197, p < 0.01), namely, individuals with more severe childhood psychological maltreatment are more likely to procrastinate. Time management disposition negatively correlates with childhood psychological maltreatment ( r = −0.136, p < 0.01) and procrastination ( r = −0.573, p < 0.01). The mediating roles of the time management disposition in the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and undergraduates’ procrastination are significant. Conclusion: Time management disposition plays a mediating role in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and college students’ procrastination behavior.
Simplification of partizan games in misère play.

We demonstrate the similarities and di! erences between normal play games and misre play combinatorial games. In particular, we examine the question of why the analysis of misre play games is more di" cult than their normal counterparts. Misre games form a partial order similar to that of normal play games and we show the form of a game can be simplified through domination and reversibility, defined appropriately.
Review of phylogenetics: The theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics

Method and apparatus for locating and correcting faults in machinery comprising fault detector indicators at the fault area, a viewer for fault correcting instructions, means to correlate the indicators with the viewer. The apparatus further includes recorded audio instructions keyed to said indicators for aurally leading plant personnel through a maintenance operation. The apparatus further including a monitor for counting and timing the duration of the faults.