Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keeping the euro at any cost? Explaining attitudes toward the euro-austerity trade-off in Greece

Despite years of crisis, the euro has enjoyed strong popular support across the Eurozone periphery. In light of the high costs of internal devaluation strategies, this begs the question why the public has remained in favor of the common currency. In this article, we propose a theoretical mechanism that accounts for both voters’ pocketbook preferences and their sociotropic assessments over the noisy trade-offs associated with the outcomes of euro membership and euro exit. Using original survey data from three consecutive survey waves in Greece (conducted in July, September, and December 2015, respectively), we analyze the attitudes of Greek voters toward the euro in an environment of acute uncertainty, austerity, high unemployment, and economic recession. First, we juxtapose our uncertainty mechanism of popular euro attitudes against other explanations put forward in the literature and find strong support for our argument. Second, we conduct a survey experiment to tap into attitudes toward the euro-austerity trade-off and find that as uncertainty over policy outcomes diminishes, framing effects abate in significance, especially among those who voted No in the July 2015 referendum. Finally, we derive distinct sets of euro preferences for different ‘vulnerability profiles’. Over time, as the trade-offs of euro membership become more pronounced, we find a marked fall in euro support between July and December 2015.
Delayed Larval Development Without Summer Diapause in a Galling Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)

ABSTRACT To elucidate how galling adelgids (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) vary their larval (=galling) periods between species, we compared larval development of Adelges japonicus (Monzen) to that of Adelges pectinatae (Cholodkovsky) on Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carr. (Pinaceae). Although eggs of the two species hatch when new buds begin to burst in spring, A. japonicus has a much longer larval period (≈3 mo) than A. pectinatae (≈1 mo). Larvae of A. pectinatae developed rapidly in every stadium and completed their growth by mid-June. In contrast, larvae of A. japonicus developed slowly through each stadium and became the last instar between early August and early September. There was no instar with particularly long developmental period. Despite the larval period difference, percentage of each instar period differed little between the two species, indicating that the longer larval period in A. japonicus is not caused by summer diapause in a specific instar. Nitrogen contents in galls of the two species were highest at budburst and declined rapidly until late June. A. japonicus larvae stayed as first instar when nitrogen contents in galls were high. In addition, nitrogen contents in galls were always higher for A. japonicus than for A. pectinatae, suggesting that delayed development in A. japonicus larvae is not a result of nutrient limitation, but is a naturally programmed response to pass the summer in larval stage and wait for autumn to become adults. This study is the first to clearly show that insects reduce their development in each stadium to prolong their larval period in summer.
Effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the growth and calyx yield of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Yield study was carried out during the 2006 summer season in the field of Research Institute, University of Zabol at Sistan (latitude 30°54’ N and longitude 61°41’E). The goal of the study was to evaluate the reaction of roselle cultivar to different chemical fertilizers alone or in combination with organic manure. Ten fertilization treatments were used for this study (mineral fertilizer, hen manure, cattle manure, ostrich manure, mineral fertilizer plus hen manure, mineral fertilizer plus cattle manure, mineral fertilizer plus ostrich manure, hen manure plus cattle manure, hen manure plus ostrich manure and ostrich manure plus cattle manure). Rates of NPK fertilizers were 300, 200 and 200 Kg ha -1 , respectively and organic manure included cattle, hen and ostrich manures with combination of others. This study was done in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) arrangement with three replications. Application of ostrich in addition to hen manure significantly (P<0.05) increased plant height, branch number/plant, weight of dry stem and calyx yield compared with other treatments but did not show significant difference in number of pods of roselle. Calyx yield of 1.6 t/ha was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to other manure. The highest of calyx yield was obtained by using ostrich plus hen manure compared to other organic manures. Results of this study indicate that maximum calyx yield of roselle is grown when ostrich plus hen manure is used. Keywords: Roselle, mineral and organic fertilizer, growth, calyx yield
Influence of Oxygen Concentration on the Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon

Abstract Juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were held at 20° C. in 12-gallon bottles, usually 10 to a bottle, in continuously renewed fresh water having various dissolved oxygen concentrations. Reduced oxygen concentrations were maintained by bubbling nitrogen through the inflowing water. In most of the experiments, the fish were fed beach hoppers (marine amphipods) to repletion twice daily so that food was available for 10 hours each day. Growth and food consumption rates of age-class 0 juveniles observed in the year 1956 declined slightly with reduction of oxygen concentration from a mean of about 8.3 to 6 and 5 mg/l, and declined more sharply with further reduction of oxygen concentration. Weight gains in grams per gram of food consumed (food conversion ratios) were slightly depressed at concentrations near 4 mg/l, and were markedly reduced at lower concentrations. At concentrations averaging 2.1 to 2.3 mg/l, many fish died and surviving fish consumed very little food and lost weight.
Delineation of Two Sibling Red Algal Species, Gracilaria Gracilis and Gracilaria Dura (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), Using Multiple DNA Markers: Resurrection of the Species G. Dura Previously Described in the Northern Atlantic 200 Years Ago 1

Molecular markers belonging to the three different genomes, mitochondrial (cox2‐cox3 spacer), plastid (rbcL), and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer [ITS] 2 region), were used to compare samples of the two morphologically related species Gracilaria gracilis (Stackh.) Steentoft, L. M. Irvine et Farnham and G. dura (C. Agardh) J. Agardh collected along Atlantic coasts. In northern Europe, the distinction between these two species is ambiguous, and they are currently recognized under the single name of G. gracilis. The low but congruent patterns of genetic divergence observed for markers of the three genomic compartments highly suggest that these two taxa correspond effectively to two different genetic entities as previously described 200 years ago, based on morphological traits. However, thanks to the combination of different DNA markers, occurrence of “incongruent” cytotypes (i.e., mitotypes of G. dura associated with chlorotypes of G. gracilis) in individuals collected from Brittany, suggests interspecific hybridization between the two sibling species studied.
Antibiogram of clinical isolates from a hospital in Nigeria

Antibiogram of clinical isolates from four wards in a government hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria was investigated. Swab and air samples were obtained from patients, personnel, formites and air in orthopaedic, medical, surgical and paediatric wards. A total of 56 isolates were obtained of which Staphylococcus epidermidis (22) was the highest. This was followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16), Streptococcus spp. (5), Escherichia coli (4) and Klebsiella pneumonia (3). Proteus spp. , Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus cereus had 2 strains each isolated. The Gram positive bacteria were more resistant to norfloxacin, floxapen, and ciprofloxacin but very sensitive to gentamycin, lincocin, rifampicin and streptomycin. S. aureus accounted for the highest resistance to ampiclox followed by S. epidermidis to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. The Gram negative bacilli showed highest resistance to ampicillin followed by augumentin, ceporex, and nalidixic acid whereas they were more sensitive to tarivid, peflacin and streptomycin. It could be inferred from the results that patients in this hospital might be at the risk of being infected with antibiotic resistant strains during admission.
Dispersal of Canarium euphyllum (Burseraceae), a large-seeded tree species, in a moist evergreen forest in Thailand

We investigated the dispersal of a large-seeded tree species, Canarium euphyllum (Burseraceae), in the moist evergreen forests of the Khao Yai National Park in Thailand. By combining direct observations of fruit consumption in tree canopies (543 h) and the camera-trapping observations of fallen fruit consumption on the forest floor (175 camera-days), we identified the frugivore assemblage that foraged on the fruits of C. euphyllum and assessed their role in seed dispersal and seed predation. In the canopy, our results showed that seeds were dispersed by a limited set of frugivores, one pigeon and four hornbill species, and predated by two species of squirrel. On the forest floor, seven mammal species consumed fallen fruits. A combination of high rates of fruit removal and short visiting times of mountain imperial pigeons (Ducula badia) and hornbills (Buceros bicornis, Aceros undulatus, Anorrhinus austeni and Anthracoceros albirostris) led us to conclude that these large frugivorous birds provide effective seed dispersal for this tree species, in terms of quantity. These frugivorous species often have low tolerance to negative human impacts and loss of these dispersers would have severe deleterious consequences for the successful regeneration of C. euphyllum.
Alternative stable states in the aquatic vegetation of shallow urban lakes. I. Effects of plant harvesting and low-level nutrient enrichment

Shallow urban lakes are often subject to chronic nutrient enrichment and their submerged plants are sometimes harvested to facilitate recreational use. The theory of alternative stable states predicts that: (i) low levels of nutrient enrichment should have little effect on the existing communities of submerged macrophytes in such lakes; but (ii) harvesting the plants should facilitate a shift to phytoplankton dominance. These two predictions were tested with large (3000 L), replicated mesocosms in a shallow urban lake densely colonized by the submerged angiosperm, Vallisneria americana Michaux. Harvesting V. americana substantially increased light penetration through the water column, but did not significantly increase phytoplankton biomass. Vallisneria americana regrew rapidly after harvesting and Chara species, which were previously absent, appeared in the harvested mesocosms. Chronic low-level nutrient enrichment significantly increased phytoplankton biomass (>100 μg chlorophyll a L–1) but not epiphyte biomass on the leaves of V. americana or on plastic leaf surrogates. The aboveground biomass and leaf area index of V. americana were not affected significantly by nutrient enrichment. The theory of alternative stable states successfully predicted the resilience of the submerged angiosperm community to low-level nutrient enrichment, but did not accurately predict the response to plant harvesting. The response of the lake vegetation to higher levels of nutrient enrichment is reported.
Characterization of two novel LPS‐binding sites in leukocyte integrin βA domain

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, triggers deleterious systemic inflammatory responses when released into blood circulation, causing organ dysfunction and death. In response to LPS stimulation, CD14 and toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐4 elicit inflammatory signaling cascades. Although leukocyte integrins (CD11b/CD18 and CD11c/CD18) were reported to bind LPS and induce nf‐Κb translocation, the evidence on such epitope location remains elusive. The present study aims to delineate the LPS‐binding sites on the integrin CD18 antigen and to design peptide(s) as potential prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents to modulate LPS effects in activated Jurkat cells. Epitope mapping analysis using a series of CD18 truncated variants revealed two putative LPS‐binding sites within the βA region (216–248 and 266–318 a.a.), which were further confirmed by point mutation studies. Inhibition assay demonstrated that the CD18‐βA266–318 peptide could block LPS binding in a dose‐dependent manner. Our data also indicated that treatment with the CD18‐peptide modulated TNF‐a mRNA transcription via the nf‐Κb signaling pathway in LPS‐activated Jurkat cells. In conclusion, we have identified two novel LPS‐binding sites located at the CD18 β A domain of leukocyte integrin, and the integrin peptide βA266–318 is shown to inhibit LPS binding and subsequent inflammatory events, having therapeutic implications to cure Gram‐negative endotoxemia. —Wong, K‐F. , Luk, J. M. , Cheng, R. H. , Klickstein, L. B. , and Fan, S‐T. Characterization of two novel LPS‐binding sites in leukocyte integrin βA domain. FASEB J. 21, 3231–3239 (2007)
Injuries to lizards: conservation implications for the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis)

Understanding the potential threats of predation can play a crucial role in conservation management of threatened species. We investigated the frequency of sublethal injuries to live individuals of the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis). We found that there was no significant difference in the frequency of injury between males and females. However, there was a significant difference in injury frequency between adults and subadult animals and also between two close, but isolated, populations of pygmy bluetongue lizards. These data can be used, with caution, to understand the predation risks in natural populations of this species. They also suggest that predation would be a significant hazard that must be considered in any translocation program that is considered for this species.
Long-term maintenance of nonculturable apple-proliferation phytoplasmas in their micropropagated natural host plant

Phytoplasmas associated with apple proliferation (AP) disease of apple trees have been maintained in their micropropagated natural host plant Malus pumila since 1985. Different isolates of these nonculturable plant pathogens could thus be studied in vitro. Amplification of a pathogen-specific DNA fragment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of AP phytoplasmas in the diseased plants even after 10 years of in-vitro propagation. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the amplified chromosomal DNA fragments revealed no genetic difference between the AP phytoplasma isolates. Growth parameters, symptom expression and phytoplasma concentration were examined to compare the in-vitro behaviour of four different AP phytoplasma isolates and to compare different subculture conditions. A comparison of these data obtained after 2 or 8 years of micropropagation revealed no essential differences. Eight years after culture initiation, diseased shoots still exhibited typical symptoms like witches' broom, small leaves with large stipules and stunted growth. The use of phytoplasma-diseased micropropagated plants to establish a 'type culture collection' of these otherwise nonculturable plant pathogens is discussed.
Distribution and impact of Armillaria luteobubalina in the Eucalyptus marginata forest of south-western Australia.

Armillaria luteobubalina is a widespread primary pathogen in the Eucalyptus marginata forest of south-western Australia. Over 200 infection centres were identified during the 5-year period between 1981 and 1985. The fungus sporulated during June and July, usually from roots but sometimes from stems (e.g. E. calophylla). Armillaria luteobubalina basidiomes were found originating from roots of 34 plant species, with greatest incidence on roots of E. marginata. Root systems were excavated and patterns of A . Luteobubalina invasion recorded. Rhizomorphs were not found and fungal spread between hosts was via root to root contacts, Variation in host species' susceptibility to the fungus was reflected in different patterns of xylem compartmentalisation and variable amounts of cambial damage. The degree of resistance expressed at the collar or lower stem determined the fate of individuals of the various species. Lack of resistance in Eucalyptus wandoo to tangential spread of A. luteobubalina often resulted in death by the time columns of decay had advanced into the lower stem or butt. Banksia grandis, E. calophylla, E. gomphocephala, and E. marginata resisted to varying degrees. Inverted V-shaped lesions, often mis- taken for fire scars, were evidence of the ability of E. gomphocephala and E. marginata individuals to resist tangential spread and prevent girdling of stems. In stems of E. calophylla, lesions did not have a definite V shape, decay penetrated deeper and the fungus persisted longer than in those of E. marginata. Host mortality following infection was greater in the intermediate- and low-rainfall zones of the eastern E. marginata forest than in the high-rainfall zone to the west.
Poverty Pockets and Life Chances

Living in certain neighborhoods may exacerbate the poverty problem by affecting the life chances of people negatively. The important question is by which mechanisms the disadvantaged positions of the inhabitants of an area are reinforced. A reduced access to the job market, social isolation, stigmatization, and limited access to social citizenship rights can be seen as the most important mechanisms. What it means to be poor and live in a “poverty pocket” is explained by Dahrendorf's conceptualization of the idea of life chances, which can be unfolded in a provision, an entitlements, and a ligatures component. Although still much research is needed, it is concluded that living in poverty pockets affect life chances. This has not only to do with the quality of goods and services offered but maybe even more so with the difficult access poor people in poverty pockets have to provisions.
Selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonists. A decade of progress: 1997 – 2007

Background: A growing number of patent applications on dopamine (DA) D3 receptors have been filed over the last 10 years. The increased interest in this target correlates with evidence that implicates the DA D3 receptor in the control of drug-seeking behavior and in the pathophysiology of some impulse control disorders and schizophrenia. Objectives: This manuscript provides an overview of the most recent literature in support of the biologic rationale for the use of selective DA D3 receptor antagonists for neuropsychiatric indications, and reviews > 80 patents that reflect 10-year advances in the discovery of these compounds by pharmaceutical companies, national research institutes and academic groups. Methods: Analysis of > 100 primary literature and 80 patent references of the last 10 years. Conclusions: The recent synthesis and profiling of new highly potent and selective DA D3 receptor antagonists over the last 10 years has permitted the testing of these compounds in a wide range of preclinical animal models of neuropsychiatric diseases. Clinical trials have now been initiated and clinical proof-of-concept is expected in the forthcoming years.
Investigations on The Performance of Some Strawberry Cultivars (Fragaria x AnanassaDuch.) Grownin Open Fields and Under High Tunnel Conditions

Five strawberry cultivars were grown as frigo seedlings planted in July by using two management systems, open grow-ing and high tunnel, in 1996 and 1997. Yield, earliness and some quality characters were observed. The high tunnel system made the crop 2-3 weeks earlier than the open field system with a longer period. Yield was also high in the high tunnel system with 1053 grams per plant while it was 877 grams in open growing. Miranda was the highest yielding cultivar in both management systems. Cultivars Camarosa and Miranda were superior for fruit weight and the rate of high quality.
Gender and Police Officers’ Perceptions of Their Job Performance: An Analysis of the Relationship between Gender and Perceptions of Job Performance

Using self-report survey methodology, this article examines the relationship between gender and police officers’perceptions of their job performance. Based on surveys of 217 male and female officers, results show that male and female officers perceive themselves equally qualified to carry out tasks required in law enforcement, including administration and supervision. This research suggests that male and female police officers work equally well on their jobs and there are no significant differences in their job performance, capabilities, and administration skills even when level of education and years of experience are controlled.
ICAM‐1 expression is highly NF‐κB‐dependent in A549 cells

The transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is an activator of multiple cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, which are important in inflammatory diseases such as asthma, and is consequently considered as an attractive therapeutic target. In the present study, a constitutively active dominant version of IkappaBalpha, IkappaBalphaDN, was introduced into A549 pulmonary cells by adenovirus-mediated delivery. The dominant IkappaB, but not a null viral vector, prevented the induction of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription by both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Similarly, both TNFalpha and IL-1beta strongly induced mRNA and protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and in each case this was prevented by adenovirus expressing the dominant IkappaB, but not by the null virus, thereby establishing ICAM-1 as an NF-kappaB-dependent gene. Numerous studies have suggested key roles for the p38 and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in the activation and transactivation of NF-kappaB. We show here that SB203580, a selective inhibitor of the p38 MAPK, and PD098059 and UO126, both selective inhibitors of the ERK MAPK cascade, have no effect on TNFalpha or IL-1beta-induced translocation and DNA binding of NF-kappaB. Furthermore, these inhibitors showed no pharmacologically relevant effect on NF-kappaB-dependent transcription nor was there any effect on expression of ICAM-1. Taken together these data highlight the potential use of inhibition of the NF-kappaB signalling pathway in pulmonary inflammatory diseases and suggest that inhibitors of the p38 and ERK MAPK pathways may be of lesser effect.
Genetic evidence that butternut canker was recently introduced into North America

Butternut (Juglans cinerea) is seriously threatened by a canker disease caused by Sirococens clavigignenti-juglandacearum, a fungus with no known sexual stage. This pathogen was first reported in 1967 and is now found throughout the native range of butternut, suggesting that it was introduced into North America. We used randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to examine genetic variation in S. clavigignenti-juglandacearun over a large portion of the native range of butternut. The 55 RAPD fragments were all found in all 86 isolates of the fungus. This complete monomorphism is consistent with the fungus having been introduced into North America as a single isolate and suggests that if resistant butternut genotypes are found, the pathogen will not likely be able to rapidly evolve genotypes that can attack them.