Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solid pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas in children: clinical and computed tomography manifestation Tumori solidi pseudopapillari del pancreas nel bambino: manifestazioni cliniche e tomografiche

Purpose. The purpose of our study was to retrospectively assess imaging features of computed tomography (CT) and clinical characteristics of children with solid pseudopapillary tumours (SPTs) of the pancreas in comparison with those of SPTs in adults. Materials and methods. CT images and clinical data of 86 patients with histopathologically proven SPTs were reviewed. Eighteen patients were classified as children (≤18 years old), and 68 were classified as adults (>18 years old) according to age at diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ 2 test and the Student’s t test. Results. Eighteen patients (15 girls and three boys) were children, with an average age of 15.1 years at operation. Abdominal pain or discomfort was the most common manifestation in children (66.7%). Mean tumour size in children was significantly larger than in adults (9.1 vs. 5.7 cm; p=0.001). Except for tumour size, no significant statistical difference was observed in clinical factors or imaging features between SPTs in children and adults. Conclusions. Ours is the largest single-centre study to demonstrate the features of pancreatic SPT in children. SPT diagnosis should always be considered when a large pancreatic mass with typical imaging is found in a child, especially in adolescent girls.
AI Governance for Businesses

Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance regulates the exercise of authority and control over the management of AI. It aims at leveraging AI through effective use of data and minimization of AI-related cost and risk. While topics such as AI governance and AI ethics are thoroughly discussed on a theoretical, philosophical, societal and regulatory level, there is limited work on AI governance targeted to companies and corporations. This work views AI products as systems, where key functionality is delivered by machine learning (ML) models leveraging (training) data. We derive a conceptual framework by synthesizing literature on AI and related fields such as ML. Our framework decomposes AI governance into governance of data, (ML) models and (AI) systems along four dimensions. It relates to existing IT and data governance frameworks and practices. It can be adopted by practitioners and academics alike. For practitioners the synthesis of mainly research papers, but also practitioner publications and publications of regulatory bodies provides a valuable starting point to implement AI governance, while for academics the paper highlights a number of areas of AI governance that deserve more attention.
Finding a monochromatic subgraph or a rainbow path

For simple graphs G and H, let f(G,H) denote the least integer N such that every coloring of the edges of KN contains either a monochromatic copy of G or a rainbow copy of H. Here we investigate f(G,H) when H = Pk. We show that even if the number of colors is unrestricted when defining f(G,H), the function f(G,Pk), for k = 4 and 5, equals the (k − 2)‐ coloring diagonal Ramsey number of G. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Prospect Theory: Much Ado About Nothing?

Prospect theory is a paradigm challenging the expected utility paradigm. One of the fundamental components of prospect theory is the S-shaped value function. The value function is mainly justified by experimental investigation of the certainty equivalents of prospects confined either to the negative or to the positive domain, but not of mixed prospects, which characterize most actual investments. We conduct an experimental study withmixed prospects, using, for the first time, recently developed investment criteria called Prospect Stochastic Dominance (PSD) and Markowitz Stochastic Dominance (MSD). We reject the S-shaped value function, showing thatat least 62%--76% of the subjects cannot be characterized by such preferences. We find support for the Markowitz utility function, which is a reversed S-shaped function--exactly the opposite of the prospect theory value function. It is possible that the previous results supporting the S-shaped value function are distorted because the prospects had only positive or only negative outcomes, presenting hypothetical situations which individuals do not usually face, and which are certainly not common in financial markets.
Keepin' 'em Down on the Farm: Migration and Strategic Investment in Children's Schooling

In rural areas of most developing countries, intergenerational coresidence is both widespread and an important determinant of well-being for the elderly. Most parents want at least one adult child to remain at home (e.g., so they can work on the family farm or provide care and assistance around the house). However, children themselves may prefer to migrate when they grow up, and parents cannot directly prevent them from doing so. We present a model where parents may strategically limit investments in some children's education so that they will not find it optimal to migrate when they reach maturity, and will thus voluntarily choose to remain home. We provide evidence for the model’s predictions using an intervention that provided recruiting services for the business process outsourcing industry in randomly selected rural Indian villages. Because awareness of these high-paying, high education, urban jobs was limited at baseline, the intervention increased the attractiveness of migration for educated children. Consistent with the model, in response to the treatment we find declines in school enrollment among children that parents reported wanting to remain home at baseline. Children that parents want to migrate have increased enrollment, and parents want more children to migrate.
The Economics of Entrepreneurship: Subsidies, Risk and Tax Evasion

Often times, policymakers develop legislation to increase the levels of entrepreneurial activity. These policies exist at the federal, state and local levels as part of economic development plans. This dissertation aims to offer information to policymakers on the effectiveness of existing policies and to evaluate how entrepreneurial individuals behave. There are three approaches taken in this dissertation. The first chapter presents a natural experiment and utilizes a difference-in-difference-in-difference model to investigate whether state level subsidies increased the health insurance take-up rate among the self-employed. The findings suggest that, in fact, these types of subsidies did increase the probability that a self-employed individual would be self-insured. The second chapter presents a laboratory, economic experiment, conducted in the U.S. and replicated in Brazil, which tests to see if entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial differ in their financial risk aversion levels. The results supported that entrepreneurial subjects were less risk averse than non-entrepreneurial subjects. Also, the subjects from the U.S. sessions were more entrepreneurial than those from Brazil. The final chapter presents an extension of the Ramsey model, a theoretical macroeconomic model. The model suggests that higher levels of tax evasion lead to lower levels of capital and consumption in a given economy at all points in time. Also, tax evasion leads to a decrease in government revenue. Finally, the model predicts that tax evasion will have no impact on the long-term economic growth rate, which is only determined by productivity growth.
Impact of Land Use Change on Groundwater - A Review

The changes in Land use have mostly occurred locally, regionally and globally over the last few decades and will carry on in the future as well. The increase in imperviousness has a major impact on groundwater and is of major concern over the past years to those who are involved in groundwater studies. The increase in urbanization results in reduction in infiltration, which affects the groundwater recharge and storage. Thus, land use changes have to be evaluated properly using traditional as well as latest techniques viz. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). The increase in population leads to increase in food, fodder and fuel demands with rapid change in land use patterns. From the time when the human civilization started, mankind interdependence on environ‐ ment is greater, excess hunt of progress, comfort and security has resulted in augmented stress on the environment. Proper planning and management for development of natural resources without jeopardizing the environment is a vital concern to be sorted out for the world community. Quality inputs on the rate and pattern of land use change is essential for proper planning and management. Land use change pattern reflects the rate of change of groundwater recharge. It is necessary to detect the land use change in the past and present existing land use, and its spatial distribution and potential changes are essential prerequisites for planning and management. Proper land use planning and management is key to socio‐economic up‐liftment of a region and country as a whole.
Didelphis albiventris: an overview of an unprecedented transcriptome sequencing of the white-eared opossum

Íria Gabriela Dias dos Santos Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes Universidade Federal de Vicosa Gerluza Aparecida Borges Silva Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas Amanda Maria Sena Reis Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas Cláudia Barros Monteiro Vitorello Universidade de Sao Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Patrícia Dayane Carvalho Schaker Universidade de Sao Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Roberto Hirochi Herai Ponti cia Universidade Catolica do Parana André Brait Carneiro Fabotti Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Luiz Lehmann Coutinho Universidade de Sao Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Erika C Jorge (  erika.cris.jorge@gmail.com ) Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-5266
Understanding Privacy Threat Appraisal and Coping Appraisal Through Mindfulness

Individuals differ in their motivation to protect their privacy. When facing privacy threats, individuals evaluate the threat (threat appraisal) and the extent they can cope with it (coping appraisal) which, in turn, influences their protection motivation. Hence, better understanding both appraisals helps us to better understand an important part of privacy behavior. We introduce the concept of mindfulness to explain privacy threat and coping appraisals. Mindfulness is hypothesized to increase both, threat appraisal and coping appraisal. A quantitative study is to be carried out to examine our hypotheses. We expect to contribute to the privacy literature by demonstrating how different levels of threat appraisal and coping appraisal are formed.
Understanding the role of social media in destination marketing.

Social media in the context of destination marketing is a growing area of study, and judging by the exponential growth in social networks over recent years, the demand for research will continue. This paper provides a review of the literature to date on social media use by destination marketing organizations (DMOs). A growing number of travellers are influenced by user generated content, presenting a number of challenges and opportunities to DMOs. This review seeks to synthesize existing research, theories and concepts, in order to understand how social media applications are being used by tourism authorities, and to provide a bridge from past research to future success.
Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese: A Companion to Grammata Serica Recensa

Although long out of date, Bernard Karlgren's "Grammata Serica Recensa" (1957) remains the most convenient work for looking up Middle Chinese (ca. A.D. 600) and Old Chinese (before 200 B.C.) reconstructions of all graphs that occur in literature from the beginning of writing (ca. 1250 B.C.) down to the third century B.C. In the present volume, Axel Schuessler provides a more current reconstruction of Old Chinese, limiting it, as far as possible, to those post-Karlgrenian phonological features of Old Chinese that enjoy some consensus among today's investigators.At the same time, the updating of the material disregards more speculative theories and proposals. Schuessler refers to these minimal forms as "Minimal Old Chinese" (OCM). He bases OCM on Baxter's 1992 reconstructions but with some changes, mostly notational. In keeping with its minimal aspect, the OCM forms are kept as simple as possible and transcribed in an equally simple notation. Some issues in Old Chinese phonology still await clarification; hence interpolations and proposals of limited currency appear in this update.Karlgren's Middle Chinese reconstructions, as emended by Li Fang-kuei, are widely cited as points of reference for historical forms of Chinese as well as dialects. This emended Middle Chinese is also supplied by Schuessler. Another important addition to Karlgren's work is an intermediate layer midway between the Old and Middle Chinese periods known as "Later Han Chinese" (ca. second century A.D.) The additional layer makes this volume a useful resource for those working on Han sources, especially poetry.This book is intended as a "companion" to the original "Grammata Serica Recensa" and therefore does not repeat other information provided there. Matters such as English glosses and references to the earliest occurrence of a graph can be looked up in "Grammata Serica Recensa" itself or in other relevant dictionaries.
The circular chromatic number of series-parallel graphs

In this paper, we consider the circular chromatic number c (G) of series-parallel graphs G. It is well known that series-parallel graphs have chromatic number at most 3. Hence their circular chromatic number is also at most 3. If a series-parallel graph G contains a triangle , then both the chromatic number and the circular chromatic number of G are indeed equal to 3. We shall show that if a series-parallel graph G has girth at least 2b(3k ? 1)=2c, then c (G) 4k=(2k ? 1). The special case k = 2 of this result implies that a triangle free series-parallel graph G has circular chromatic number at most 8=3. Therefore the circular chromatic number of a series-parallel graph (and of a K 4-minor free graph) is either 3 or at most 8=3. This is in sharp contrast to recent results of Moser 4] and Zhu 9], which imply that the circular chromatic number of K 5-minor free graphs are precisely all rational numbers between 2 and 4. We shall also construct examples to demonstrate the sharpness of the bound given in this paper.
Development of a Policy Assessment Framework for Urban Traffic Calming through the Case Study of Budapest

During the second half of the 20th century urban transport planning was dominated by the “predict and provide” approach. Therefore, it was thought that current and expected transport problems can be solved or prevented by supply generative measures, which concentrated on providing “enough” space and possibility for motorized traffic (especially for private cars). It has not taken a long time to realize that these kinds of strategies certainly facilitated car driving but degraded the conditions of other modes of transport as well as the quality of public spaces. Later on, it was also clarified that the increased supply had an indirect effect on transport demand, which therefore regenerated the problems in most of the cases. These recognitions and residential objection to increased road traffic led to the appearance of road traffic calming measures with the aim of decreasing the speed and the volume of traffic on urban roads. These measures have gradually spread as from the 1960s in cities as “predict and provide” approach has been continuously replaced by “aim and manage” approach. During the last decade or so the importance and the application of traffic calming have increased as revision and redistribution of transport surfaces have come into the spotlight. In the aforementioned context numerous traffic calming methods and techniques have evolved from point-based to area-wide interventions. Their positive effects on traffic safety and environment are indisputable. However, there are stern requirements concerning the application of these instruments that are indispensable to be taken into account in order to prevent or minimalize undesirable side-effects. Despite technical aspects and conditions are well-known from the international literature, strategic aspects (economic effects or system-level prerequisites of traffic calming) are relatively ambiguous. Previous studies of this research topic provided a historical review of the development of traffic calming, gave an overview of different measures, demonstrated the effect-mechanism and sketched a consistent and transparent policy assessment framework, which can take strategic requirements of application into consideration. After all, further research needs to be done to better understand the interrelations of the model components and to determine those functions which can describe these relations. The objective of this paper is to further develop a policy assessment framework for urban traffic calming measures. Therefore previous theoretical research is extended through the case study of Budapest based on the requirements of appraisal induced by major traffic calming schemes (Rehabilitation of Rakoczi Avenue, Reorganization of the embankments along River Danube, Introduction of congestion charging). In addition, this study collects the lessons learnt from the current strategic planning process of the city and explores the connections between its new SUMP-inspired planning practice and the proposed assessment framework.
Transformative and Troublesome? Students’ and professional programmers’ perspectives on diicult concepts in programming

Classes 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 5 5 Abstraction 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4 Algorithms and ‘big O’ notation 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 Class Diagram Notation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 3 Classes and inheritance 1 1 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 1 1 9 10 Concurrency 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 Data structures 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 4 5 9 Designing objects 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 5 Encapsulation 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 Exceptions 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 3 IDEs 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 4 4 Interfaces 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 9 9 Java concepts for GUI programming 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 3 Layout Management Concepts 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 Modelling Real World Entities 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Moving from a problem to a solution 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 1 5 Object-oriented programming 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 3 6 Packages 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 5 5 Polymorphism 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 5 Recursion 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 8 Regular Expressions 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 User Interface Architectures 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 8 8 Variables, References and Objects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 Version Control 1 2 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 3 1 11 12 ACM Transactions on Computing Education, Vol. 1, No. 1, Article 1. Publication date: January 2018. Transformative and Troublesome? Perspectives on diicult concepts in programming 1:27 Table 4. Concepts introduced during the card-sorting activity. A 1 in a column indicates that the participants added a new card with this concept during their card-sorting activity Concept Pr ac tit io ne rs
Logics for Unranked Trees: an Overview

Labeled unranked trees are used as a model of XML documents, and logical languages for them have been studied actively over the past several years. Such logics have different purposes: some are better suited for extracting data, some for expressing navigational properties, and some make it easy to relate complex properties of trees to the existence of tree automata for those properties. Furthermore, logics differ significantly in their model-checking properties, their automata models, and their behavior on ordered and unordered trees. In this paper we present a survey of logics for unranked trees.
Etude de la contribution des paramètres phéno-morphologiques dans la sélection du blé dur ( Triticum durum Desf. ) dans le climat semi-aride

Le travail a pour objectif l’etude du role de quelques parametres phenologiques et morphologiques comme la periode vegetative, la biomasse aerienne et la hauteur de la chaume dans la selection d’une vingtaine de genotypes de ble dur (Triticum durum Desf.) dans la zone semi-aride. La presente etude a ete conduite au cours de l’annee 2002/ 2003, a l’ITGC de Setif et de l’ITCMI d’Oum El Bouaghi. Le dispositif experimental adopte etait en blocs aleatoire complet. Les mesures ont porte sur la biomasse aerienne au stade epiaison, la duree de la phase vegetative, le rendement et ses composantes. Les resultats montrent que le rendement eleve est du au nombre de grains par metre carre, et a la hauteur de la chaume. La biomasse aerienne et l’indice de recolte de par leurs effets directs assez eleves participent a l’elaboration du rendement. Les parametres morpho-phenologiques peuvent etre des indicateurs positifs pour la production de la culture de ble et peuvent etre pris en compte pour une selection plus pertinente de varietes adaptees aux conditions semi-arides. Mots cles : ble dur (Triticum durum), adaptation, biomasse, hauteur des chaumes, indice de recolte, semi-aride. Study of the morphological and phenological parameters contribution in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. ) selection In semi-arid climate The objective was to investigate of the contribution of some phenological and morphological traits such as the duration of the vegetative phase, above ground biomass accumulated at headiny and plant height to the adaptation of twenty varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under semi-arid conditions The present investigation was conducted during the 2002/2003 year on the ITGC experimental of Setif and the ITCMI experimental of Oum El Bouaghi. Plant material was grown in a randomized complete blocs design. Measured traits were crop dry matter accumulated at headiny, duration of vegetative period, grain yield and yield components, water use efficiency to produce above ground biomass and grain yield, crop growth rate. Results showed that high yield was due to the contribution of high grain number /m2. Grain number/m2 and plant height contributed at headiny. Biomass and harvest index showed significant direct effects on grain yield formation. The morpho- phenological parameters can by their close relationship with the yield to be good indicators for a more relevant selection of varieties adapted to semi arid conditions of Algeria. Key words : durum wheat, adaptation, biomass, plant height, grain yield, harvest index, semi-arid.
Language in Education: A Critical Review of Current Proposals for Official Mother Tongue Use in Zimbabwean Classrooms

The study critically analyses four studies that focus on the language of instruction in Zimbabwe’s public schools to establish a feasible way of incorporating the mother tongue as a medium of instruction. Prescriptions for mother tongue use in Zimbabwean schools are not working. From the review, it is clear that most proposals researchers have put forward for implementation of mother tongue use are not feasible at the moment. Practically, the mother tongue is used in class oral discourse only through code switching; a practice teachers and pupils have devised in order to solve classroom language problems. The study recommends that, this code switching which has emerged naturally be formalized as a starting point towards sole use of the mother tongue. All indigenous languages should be used in Zimbabwean public schools alongside English through codeswitching, practitioners being left to decide on the language(s) of instruction depending on the demands of their situations.