Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Submergence tolerance and tolerance mechanism: A study on traditional and improved rice genotypes at the seedling stage under complete submergence stress in Sri Lanka

Submergence-tolerant genotypes in rice are essential for flood-prone lands, and recent studies have focused on dissecting tolerance mechanisms considering morphological and physiological changes in the plants upon submergence. Thirty improved rice varieties and sixty-two traditional rice accessions were screened for submergence tolerance under complete 9-day and 14-day submergence stress at the two-week-old seedling stage. The submergence tolerance level of each rice genotype was evaluated according to IRRI guidelines based on survival rates. Accordingly, rice genotypes were categorized into four groups: tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible, and highly susceptible. Two Mawee accessions (3704, 3618) were submergence tolerant at 14-day submergence stress. The traditional rice accessions Ratawee3466, Mawee (8552, 4145), and Heenati4935 and improved rice varieties Bw400 were moderately submergence tolerant at 14-day submergence stress. Survival rates of the rice genotypes, their initial plant height, and shoot elongation at 9-day and 14-day submergence stress showed that seedling elongation (escape strategy) or reduction of elongation compared to control plants (quiescence strategy) under submergence stress cannot be used as phenotypic markers for selecting rice genotypes for submergence tolerance in rice. Further, the escape strategy or the quiescence strategy was not unique to the genotype, and the survival strategy of some rice genotypes changed with prolonged submergence stress. The escape strategy tended to be an SOS (Save Our Souls) strategy under prolonged submergence stress from 9 days to 14 days. No correlations between initial plant height and survival rate or survival rate and the height gain or reduction at 9-day and 14-day submergence stress showed that the submergence tolerance mechanism in rice was genotype-specific. The submergence-tolerant and moderately tolerant rice genotypes could be further investigated in future studies.
Lateral Visuomotor Distortions and Their Effects on Performance Carry-Over Effects in a Simulated Laparoscopic Environment

Laparoscopic surgery necessitates viewing the target tissue via a camera on a monitor, resulting in a disruption of surgeons’ hand-eye mapping. This disruption is amplified when the camera cannot provide a front view of the target area (i.e., scenarios requiring a side view) relative to the surgeon. Prior research indicates that azimuth camera rotations between 90° and 135° that provide a side view of the target (relative to the operator’s front view) result in the worst performance. In contrast, a 180° view (providing a rear view of the target) results in superior performance relative to side views. This superior performance has been attributed to a comparatively easy axis or movement inversion of the normal hand-eye mapping. The goal for the present study was to assess whether task performance using a right 45° side view of a target area facilitates subsequent performance using a camera location that is rotated 180° from the right 45° side view (i.e., the camera provides a left 135° view). Results indicated that exposure to a right 45° side view did not impact performance at a subsequent camera position that provided a left 135° side view. This indicates that participants could not utilize an axis inversion from the right 45° side view exposure. Additionally, our findings replicated superior performance at the 180° view condition compared to performance observed at the left 135° side view condition, suggesting that participants in the 180° view condition were able to employ the relatively easy axis inversion.
Impact of Different Drying Methods on the Microbiota, Volatilome, Color, and Sensory Traits of Sea Fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) Leaves

Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a strongly aromatic herb of the Apiaceae family, whose full exploitation by the modern food industry is of growing interest. This study aimed at investigating the microbiological quality, volatile profile, and sensory traits of sea fennel spices produced using room-temperature drying, oven drying, microwave drying, and freeze drying. All the assayed methods were able to remove moisture up until water activity values below 0.6 were reached; however, except for microwave drying, none of the assayed methods were effective in reducing the loads of contaminating microorganisms. The metataxonomic analysis highlighted the presence of phytopathogens and even human pathogens, including members of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Alternaria, and Cryptococcus. When compared to fresh leaves, dried leaves showed increased L* (lightness) and c* (chroma, saturation) values and reduced hue angle. Dried leaves were also characterized by decreased levels of terpene hydrocarbons and increased levels of aldehydes, alcohols, and esters. For the sensory test, the microwave-dried samples obtained the highest appreciation by the trained panel. Overall, the collected data indicated microwave drying as the best option for producing sea fennel spices with low microbial loads, brilliant green color, and high-quality sensory traits.
The Politics of Egyptian Migration to Libya

The beheading of 21 Egyptian Copts working in Libya, as shown in video footage released by the Islamic State on February 12, 2015, made headlines across the world. The story was variously framed as one more vicious murder of Middle Eastern Christians by militant Islamists, one more index of chaos in post-Qaddafi Libya and one more opportunity for an Arab state, in this case Egypt, to enlist in the latest phase of the war on terror. What was left unaddressed was the deep and long-standing enmeshment of the Libyan and Egyptian economies, embodied in the tens of thousands of Egyptian workers who remain in Libya despite the civil war raging there. There is a history of maltreatment of Egyptian migrants in Libya spanning more than 60 years. The abuses date back to the organized migration of Egyptian teachers, bureaucrats and other professionals under Gamal Abdel Nasser, and have continued with increasing brutality until the present. From the beginning, whether under King Idris, under Muammar al-Qaddafi or following the colonel’s downfall, the causes of the violence have been distinctly political, with Egyptians in Libya always vulnerable to the vicissitudes of Egyptian-Libyan state relations as well as to regional crises. The welfare of these workers has always been subordinate to strategic concerns in the calculations of both states.
Fruit Bagging: An Approach for Control of Fruit Fly Infestation and Quality Improvement in Guava

This study executed at experimental site of Horticultural Research Institute, Faisalabad (central Punjab) during March- July 2020-2021 to scrutinize the impact of fruit bagging to control fruit fly infestation and overall quality of guava fruit. Three bagging materials viz. butter paper, brown paper (Chinese), non-woven selected for the research purpose and unwrapped fruits were taken as control treatment (To). The research was planned according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated thrice. All the treatments exhibited significant impact on different traits evaluated. Enhanced fruit firmness, fruit size, ascorbic acid contents and fruit weight noted in wrapped fruits in comparison to un-wrapped fruit. Fruits attained maximum size (3108.25mm2) and weight (133.25a g) under brown paper bag followed by non-woven bag (3091mm2) and (131g) respectively. Total soluble solid (TSS) contents of the fruit were observed maximum (10.18 Brix) in non-woven bag whereas highest titratable acidity (0.77%) was recorded under control treatment. Highest ascorbic acid contents (214.25mg /100g) were recorded in non-woven bag. Disease incidence (2.25%) and fruit fly infestation (2.13%) were found minimum in non-woven bag. Among all the treatments, non-woven material was observed to be the best to control fruit fly infestation as well as overall improvement in Guava fruit quality.
AIDA Model as a Marketing Strategy to Influence Consumer Buying Interest in the Digital Age

This study aims to analyze the effect of Attention, Interest, Desire and Action models on consumer buying interest as one of the marketing strategies carried out by companies through advertising on Instagram. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis to test the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Attention, Interest and Desire variables have no effect on buying interest where the significance value of each variable is greater than 0.05. Action variable has a significant effect on buying interest where the significance value is 0.041 or less than 0.05. The results of the questionnaire, the Action variable obtained the largest average value in the eighth question, where consumers will buy skin care products as needed. Thus it can be concluded that the skin care products that are in demand by consumers are closely related to the level of consumer needs. Therefore, product innovation is needed according to market or consumer needs. Social media as a means of marketing activities can certainly be the right choice for companies in promoting their skin care products.can provide problem solving solutions to the achievement of a company's marketing activities in the digital era.
Pan-African structures, ophiolites and mélange in the Eastem Desert of Egypt: a traverse at 26°N

A detailed structural traverse across the basement rocks of the Eastern Desert of Egypt shows that they consist, apart from intrusions, of four broadly recumbent tectonic units. The lowest, of arkosic metasediments of continental shelf facies, is exposed in a dome. This unit is overlain by an allochthonous ophiolitic mélange containing complete and dismembered ophiolitic masses in a matrix of deep-oceanic graphitic pelites and turbidites. A near horizontal, schistose to mylonitic fabric, most intense near and below the base of the mélange, indicates extensive lateral tectonic transport of the ophiolitic mélange over the shelf metasediments, but the mélange originated as an olistostrome before being tectonically transported. The mélange extends over an area of at least 10 000 km2. It is locally overlain by calc-alkaline volcanics, in which deformation is less intense but increases, and schistosity flattens downwards, indicating some translation over the mélange. Unconformable on the mélange and calc-alkaline volcanics is a molasse-facies series, itself also locally strongly deformed. Late tectonic granites preceded, and locally post-date, the molasse-facies sediments. Still later, diapiric peralkaline riebeckite granites locally up-domed the recumbent structures. The tectonic evolution is related to a late Proterozoic subduction zone to the SE of the region.
Carbon cycling processes and carbon fixed by organisms in China marginal seas

In the paper,carbon cycling processes and carbon fixed by organisms in China marginal seas are reviewed.The carbon cycling processes include CO2 fluxes between atmosphere and seawater,carbon biological pump process,carbon sink/release in par-ticulates and carbon transfer in fishing/culture.China marginal sea is a sink area of CO2 in the air,but some coastal parts are source areas such as the Jiaozhou Bay and the Changjiang estuary.The mean annual sink strength of atmospheric CO2 in China marginal seas is about 30 million ton carbon per year.The source/sink strength is controlled by sea surface temperature(SST),phytoplankton production and seawater mixing process in different sea-regions and seasons.The amount of fixed carbon by phytoplankton is about 6.39×108 t/a in China marginal seas,in which 65.3% carbon is fixed in spring and summer.The carbon fixation ability of the South China Sea is about 4.16×108 t/a,which is double of that in Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.Fishing and culture can increase carbon sink strength.In recent years,the yield of large-size economic seaweeds in China marginal seas is about 1.20–1.50 ×106 t/a,so their fixed carbon is about 4.0 ×105 t/a.If the seaweed yield amount increase by 5% every year in China marginal seas,carbon fixed amount of the large-sized economic seaweeds may reach to 9.3 ×105 t/a up to 2020.Therefore,algae breeding is an important technique for increasing marine carbon sink with multi-values.To reveal the fishing/culture eco-environment,establish the method for grading the carbon sink of fishing/culture and study the recycling period of fishing/culture carbon sink are very important in the future.
IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and C-Reactive Protein Levels in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Neonatal Sepsis

Objective: This study aimed to determine the importance and reliability of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in terms of diagnosis and prognosis in neonatal sepsis. Methods: Thirty newborns who were followed up and treated in the neonatal intensive care unit with a pre-diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and 20 healthy newborns who were born without any problem from mothers without any disease were included in the study.Gender, gestational age, postnatal age, place and mode of delivery, birth weight, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and CRP levels were recorded. Results: Of the 30 cases diagnosed with sepsis, 16 (53.3%) were male and 14 (46.7%) were female. In the control group of 20 cases, 11 (55%) were male, and 9 (45%) were female. Of the cases diagnosed with sepsis, 8 were considered early-onset (26.6%) and 22 were considered late-onset (73.4%) neonatal sepsis. The mortality rate in early-onset sepsis was 25%, while this rate was 36.3% in late-onset sepsis cases. The levels of CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly higher in the sepsis group than in the control group. The difference between the groups in terms of TNF-α levels was not statistically significant. IL-6 (P = 0.001) and IL-8 (P = 0.007) levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the deceased cases than in the healing cases. Conclusion: CRP, IL-6,and IL-8 levels were found to be useful parameters in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, while TNF-α was not found to have diagnostic value.IL-6 and IL-8 levels were found to be significant in the prognosis of neonatal sepsis.
Nigeria's Multilateral Approach in West Africa: A Case Study of Cote D'Ivoire Electoral Violence

This study interrogates the role of Nigeria through the multilateral organizations in West Africa with a particular reference to Cote d'Ivoire's elections crisis from 2010 to 2011. The violence occurred due to President Gbagbo's refusal to concede power to the election winner, Allassane Ouattara. However, through the influence of the multilateral organizations, Nigeria intervened and returned Cote d'Ivoire to democratic stability. Consequently, this study critically analyzed the role of Nigeria through the multilateral approach in Cote d'Ivoire's electoral violence. It also assessed how the use of Nigeria's relative material preponderances contributed to quelling the violence. This study used historical and exploratory qualitative techniques from the extant literature of high-ranking bodies. Thus, the initial literature search brought many articles, books, reports, and newspapers and selected only those with the needed historical and analytical depth in line with the subject matter. Also, role theory was applied in this study to aid analysis, and the data source for this study was analyzed thematically. The study found that the Cote d'Ivoire election crisis was animated due to former president Gbagbo's refusal to give power to the winner, Ouattara. Further findings revealed that the constitutional court illegally nullified Ouattara's legitimate votes favouring President Gbagbo. Also, the concept of national identity or Ivorite compounded the problems of the violence. This study will benefit researchers in the field of political science, international relations, and policymakers. Finally, other areas for future research include Nigeria's roles through the multilateral organization in other parts of West Africa.
Shock-induced transition of quartz to stishovite

The transformation of quartz to stishovite has been studied by X-ray and optical examination of a series of experimentally shock-loaded specimens of a quartz-copper mixture. Shock pressures of 68 to 260 kb and peak temperatures of 320° to 870°K were achieved. Stishovite was identified from quartz shock-loaded above 90 kb; the quantity increases with increasing pressure, but is not dependent on temperature. The formation of stishovite under shock conditions appears to be intimately related to a short-range order phase.
Pooled Pharyngeal, Rectal, and Urine Specimens for the Point-of-Care Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Lay Providers in Key Population-Led Health Services in Thailand

Routine testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in people with heightened risk is lacking in Thailand. This study aimed to assess the performance of the Cepheid Xpert CT/NG assay, conducted by key population (KP) lay providers, for CT and NG detection on single-site and pooled specimens from the pharynx, rectum, and urine. Between August and October 2019, 188 men who have sex with men and 11 transgender women were enrolled. Participants collected urine specimens while trained KP lay providers obtained pharyngeal and rectal swabs. Compared to single-site testing with the Abbott RealTime CT/NG assay by medical technologists, the Xpert assay missed one pharyngeal NG infection out of 199 single-site specimens, giving a 93.3% sensitivity for pharyngeal NG and one missed pharyngeal NG infection out of fifty pooled specimens, giving an 88.9% sensitivity for pharyngeal NG. There was no discrepancy between the two assays for CT detection. The Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of pooled specimen testing by the Xpert was 0.93 for NG and 1 for CT when compared to single-site testing by Abbott. Implementing pooled specimen testing by KP lay providers can be a cost-saving strategy to enhance the uptake of CT/NG services for populations facing increased risk.
Late Quaternary Paleoseismology of the Southern Steens Fault Zone, Northern Nevada

The 192-km-long Steens fault zone is the most prominent normal fault system in the northern Basin and Range province of western North America. We use trench mapping and radiometric dating to estimate displacements and timing of the last three surface-rupturing earthquakes (E1–E3) on the southern part of the fault south of Denio, Nevada. Coseismic displacements range from 1.1 to 2.2 ± 0.5 m, and radiometric ages indicate earthquake times of 11.5 ± 2.0 ka (E3), 6.1 ± 0.5 ka (E2), and 4.6 ± 1.0 ka (E1). These data yield recurrence intervals of 5.4 ± 2.1 k.y. between E3 and E2, 1.5 ± 1.1 k.y. between E2 and E1, and an elapsed time of 4.6 ± 1.0 k.y. since E1. The recurrence data yield variable interval slip rates (between 0.2 ± 0.22 and 1.5 ± 2.3 mm/yr), but slip rates averaged over the past ∼18 k.y. (0.24 ± 0.06 mm/year) are similar to long-term (8.5–12.5 Ma) slip rates (0.2 ± 0.1 mm/yr) measured a few kilometers to the north. We infer from the lack of significant topographic relief across the fault in Bog Hot Valley that the fault zone is propagating southward and may now be connected with a fault at the northwestern end of the Pine Forest Range. Displacements documented in the trench and a rupture length of 37 km indicate a history of three latest Quaternary earthquakes with magnitudes of M 6.6–7.1 on the southern part of the Steens fault zone.
Jason-2 in DUACS: Updated System Description, First Tandem Results and Impact on Processing and Products

For more than 13 years, the multisatellite DUACS system has been providing the altimetry community with Near Real Time and Delayed Time products ranging from reduced GDR (also known as CorrSSH) to along-track Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) and multimission Maps of Sea Level Anomalies (MSLA). A post-Jason-2 description of the DUACS system is given, with input data, processing and products, and a focus on the DT-2010 reprocessing involving a total of almost 60 years worth of altimetry data from GEOSAT to Jason-2. Less than one month after launch, Jason-2 proved to be a strong asset for multisatellite applications as it was able to replace Jason-1 as the reference mission in DUACS. Furthermore, the new Jason-2/Jason-1 tandem configuration provides an unprecedented duo for mesoscale and circulation observation. More generally, the quality of Jason-2 has a large impact in DUACS on a number of fronts: in the continuity of the reference mission for climate applications exploiting DUACS products, in the new multi-reference orbit error reduction scheme, or for new metrics derived from a Degrees of Freedom of Signal analysis applied to the multimission mapping. This paper gives an overview of the many impacts of the integration of Jason-2 into DUACS.
Detection of Ice Formation With the Polymeric Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductor PEDOT: PSS for Aeronautics

Ice formation detection is important in telecommunications and aeronautics, e.g., ice on the wings of an aircraft affects its aerodynamic performance and leads to fatal accidents. While many types of sensors exist, resistive sensors for ice detection have been poorly explored. They are however attractive because of their simplicity and the possibility to install an array of sensors on large areas to map the ice formation on wings. Hygroscopic ionic conductors have been demonstrated for resistive ice sensing but their high resistance prevents the readout of sensor arrays. In this work, mixed ionic‐electronic polymer conductors (MIEC) are considered for the first time for ice detection. The polymer blend poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is solution deposited on a pair of electrodes. The sensor displays an abrupt rise in electrical resistance during the transition phase between water liquid to solid. It is proposed that the morphology and electronic transport in PEDOT are affected by the freezing event because the absorbed water in the PSS‐rich phase undergoes dilatation upon forming ice crystals. For the aeronautics application, successful tests of integration of sensing layer in pre‐preg layers of aeronautical grade and freezing detection are carried out to validate the ice detection principle.
AMMONITE-BASED CORRELATION OF THE MIDDLE/LATE ANISIAN BOUNDARY (MIDDLE TRIASSIC) BETWEEN NEVADA AND THE SOUTHERN ALPS

This study presents the preliminary results of ammonite-based correlation of the middle/late Anisian (Pelsonian/ Illyrian) boundary (Middle Triassic) between Nevada and the Southern Alps (Fig. 1). On the basis of new collections from a new locality in eastern Lombardy (Monte Guglielmo) and from classical sections in Giudicarie, these ammonoid faunas allow revising the taxonomic interpretation of Ceratites cimeganus Mojsisovics, 1882 and of the genus Paraceratites Hyatt, 1900. Ceratites cimeganus is here assigned to the North American genus Rieppelites Monnet and Bucher, 2005. An improved age calibration of the regional transition from shallow to deep water environments is then obtained through the assessment of these new fossil finds and literature data. In eastern Lombardy-Giudicarie, R. cimeganus is diagnostic of a distinct biochronological unit (cimeganus Zone) bracketed between the older Bulogites zoldianus Zone and the younger Judicarites euryomphalus-Paraceratites trinodosus zones. This refined ammonoid succession is then compared with the recently revised Anisian ammonoid record from Nevada (Monnet and Bucher, 2005, 2006). The recognition of this cimeganus Zone significantly improves worldwide correlation since it is recognized in several other Tethyan basins (Dolomites, Northern Calcareous Alps) as well as in North America (Nevada). These new data allow a redefinition of the middle/late Anisian boundary in the western Tethys, which is here drawn between the zoldianus and cimeganus zones. This limit is marked by a clear ammonoid turnover (e.g., disappearance of Acrochordiceras and Balatonites, diversification of Paraceratitinae).