Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The strategic debriefing. Incorporating strategic dialogue in the standard debriefing after the scenario

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The most common debriefing structure usually includes at least three phases, a time to confront reactions and/or emotions felt during the scenario, an analysis of events and a summary or application phase, in which the learning acquired throughout the debriefing is solidified and the major take- home messages condensed. However, using only open-ended questions and/or the puls/delta method, participants’ attitudes may remain unchanged and result in only superficial reflections of the scenario. The purpose of this article is to describe and propose incorporating strategic dialogue after the healthcare high fidelity scenario in the standard debriefing. Strategic dialogue alternates analogical and digital language and uses metaphors and paraphrases, guiding the participant to live a corrective emotional experience, the primary cause of the change. The structure of the strategic dialogue is based on the use of questions with the illusion of alternatives, restructuring paraphrases, the evocation of sensations and summary redefinitions, in order to reach the discovery that leads to change. The simulation method is well suited and integrated with strategic communication. Both aim at change, which must first be experienced and then explained. The central focus of strategic short therapy is the corrective emotional experience in which the patient modifies his or her vision of reality through concrete emotional experiences. The change, in order to be rapid and effective, must primarily produce a real personal experience of transformation on a perceptive-emotional level and only then can it be the subject of cognitive reasoning. The change must first pass from the experience phase and only then to the level of cognitive awareness. The strategic language, an effective tool in strategic psychotherapy and business problem solving, is ideal and complementary to the standard debriefing methods, making them more performing and functional because, next to common logic, it makes use of non-ordinary logical language.
Casimir energy in a spherical surface within surface impedance approach: the Drude model

The Casimir Energy of a spherical surface characterized by its surface impedance is calculated. The material properties of the boundary are described by means of the Drude model, so that a generalization of previous results is obtained. The limits of the proposed approach are analyzed and a solution is suggested. The possibility of modulating the sign of the Casimir force from positive (repulsion) to negative (attraction) is studied.
Rejections, Incentives, and Employee Creativity: When Chocolate Is Better Than Cash

We use an experiment to provide evidence on how a rejection of a creative idea and reward type influence future creative performance. We find that a rejection of creative idea leads to lower perceived competence and lower performance in a subsequent similar creativity task. Next, the performance difference between rejected and accepted participants only manifests when cash rewards are subsequently used to motivate future creativity, but not when tangible rewards are used. Our results are consistent with recent work in behavioral economics suggesting that tangible (cash) rewards will activate a “non-calculative” (“calculative”) process in which experiences of success/failure are less (more) likely to be translated into future expected payoffs. Accordingly, the motivational effect of rewards will be less sensitive to changes in assessed probability of success when tangible rewards are provided compared to when cash rewards are provided. Our study extends the literature on creativity by bringing to the forefront the neglected role of rejections in firms’ long-term innovation and the asymmetric effect of reward type for rejected versus accepted employees.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT, INTERNAL AUDIT AND PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN NIGERIA

This study aimed at examining the relationship between institutional environment, internal audit and local government performance in Nigeria. The quality of internal audit, effective internal controls, and institutional context factors were specifically examined for the purpose of establishing the nature of relationships existing among the variables. The study adopted the mixed methodology approach. Specifically, the explanatory sequential design was used which entailed an earlier survey followed by semi structured interviews on key participants to provide more insights on the survey results. Atotal of 301 heads of internal audit in the local government from the six geopolitical zones of the country participated in the survey. Furthermore, interviews were conducted on eight key participants to clarify the results of the survey. The maximum variation sampling technique was used in selecting the participants. Results gave new insights into the challenges of institutional environment and its relationship with local government performance in Nigeria. Particularly, the participants outlined reasons for the negative relationship between internal and external audit collaboration and performance to include external auditor political interest, unethical practices, uncooperative attitude, external auditor preference, and external auditor overriding of internal auditor's queries. Also, the non-significant relationship between internal audit relationship with management and performance was a result of poor attitude of management, auditor compromise, funding issues, andreporting relationship. Hence, the outcome of the study demonstrated that the contribution of internal audit quality and internal controls to performance are constantly influenced by the institutional environment and this determines how both would contribute to performance.
The Mediation Effect of Job Satisfaction in the Relation of Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Human resources must be developed by organization in such a way that high levels of organizational citizenship behavior can be developed (OCB). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment can have a significant impact on OCB. The goal of this study is to determine whether Job Satisfaction has a mediating function in the link between Organizational Commitment and OCB. The samples were from a study of 530 workers employees of private banks in Hyderabad, Telangana, who were given a 62-item questionnaire. All of the respondents are Sales Executives, Managers, Branch Managers, and Deputy Branch Managers. To measure the mediation, the bootstrap confidence interval was used. The results demonstrated that the relationship between Organizational Commitment and OCB had both a direct and indirect influence. The research discovered that these relationships were mediated by Job Satisfaction because the interval did not contain zero in the equation. Job satisfaction does, in fact, operate as a mediator in the relationship between job satisfaction and OCB.
Radio interferometer observations of turbulence in the inner solar wind

Measurements can be made of Very Long Baseline Interferometer (VLBI) phase scintillations due to plasma turbulence in the solar corona and solar wind. These measurements provide information on the spectrum and intensity of density fluctuations with scale sizes of a few hundred to several thousand kilometers. If we model the spatial power spectrum of the density fluctuations as P{sub {delta}}{sub n}(q)=C{sub N}{sup 2}q{sup -{alpha}}, where q is the spatial wavenumber, these observations yield both {alpha} and the path-integrated value of C{sub N}{sup 2}. The recently completed Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) is capable of making such measurements over the heliocentric distance range from a few solar radii to 60 solar radii and beyond. This permits the determination, with the same technique and instrument, of the radial evolution of turbulent characteristics, as well as their dependence on solar wind transients, sector structure, etc. In this paper we present measurements of 16 sources observed at a wide range of solar elongations and at different times. These observations show that the coefficient C{sub N}{sup 2} depends on heliocentric distance as approximately C{sub N}{sup 2}{proportional_to}(R/R{sub {center_dot}}){sup -3.7}. The radio derived power spectral characteristics are in agreement with in situ measurements by the Helios spacecraftmore » for regions of slow solar wind, but fast solar wind does not have large enough density fluctuations to account for the magnitude of the observed scintillations. The observed radial dependence is consistent with a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB)-type evolution of the turbulence with heliocentric distance. « less
FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, GOVERNANCE AND INCOME INEQUALITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN OECD COUNTRIES AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

This study re-examines the role of financial development in reducing income inequality by using a broader measure of financial development and a comparable Gini coefficient to represent income inequality. In addition, the direct effects of six dimensions of governance and the interactive effects of five dimensions of it with the left one namely corruption control on income inequality have been examined. The study utilizes a sample of 81 countries over a period of 17 years and applied a two-step system GMM method. The study confirms the U-shaped hypothesis of finance-income inequality nexus in the whole sample as well as in subsamples of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and developing countries. Among the six dimensions of governance, Corruption Control reduces income inequality directly only in developing countries and Government Effectiveness remains insignificant across all country groups. Regulatory Quality can reduce income inequality while combined with Corruption Control. This result is true in the whole sample and subsample of developing countries but not in OECD countries. The interactive effect of Rule of Law with Corruption Control contributes in reducing income inequality in general but this becomes insignificant in subsample analysis. Political Stability directly improves income distribution in general and when combined with Corruption Control it reduces income inequality in developing countries. In developing countries, its direct effect is found to be worsening income inequality which could be mitigated when it interacted with Corruption Control. Finally, only the interactive effect of Voice and Accountability with Corruption Control reduces income inequality in general but not in any subsample. Hence, government policies designed to handle intense income inequality would be effective under strong Corruption Control. Therefore, study suggests simultaneous improvement of corruption control and some specific government policies.
Institutional Quality, Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in Recipient Countries

: Foreign aid is an important aspect of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for enhancing two-way cooperation with BRI countries. Based on the panel data of China’s foreign aid over the period 2000-2014, this paper employs the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) to conduct an empirical study on the economic growth effects of China’s foreign aid and recipient countries’ institutional quality with the endogeneity of aid taken into account. Results of our empirical study suggest that (i) China’s foreign aid, especially infrastructure aid, can effectively promote economic growth in recipient countries; (ii) sound institutional development offers an important assurance for economic growth in recipient countries; (iii) sample-specific regression reveals that the institutional quality of recipient countries can significantly influence the economic growth effects of China’s foreign aid, especially economic infrastructure aid for recipient countries in Asia and Europe. To improve aid effectiveness and quality, China needs to improve aid structure, supervise aid program implementation, and mitigate the impact of institutional risks in recipient countries.
Combinatorial constructions for error-correcting codes

In data storage and transmission, bits of data often get altered (or corrupted) in unpredictable fashions. This can radically change the meaning of the data. To address this issue, we add some redundancy to the data. This enables us to retrieve the actual data even if there is some corruption. The amount of redundancy varies depending upon the efficiency of the coding algorithm and the amount of corruption it accounts for. The theory of error-correcting codes studies these coding algorithms. Since the 1980s, new constructions have been found for these error-correcting codes, many of which arise from combinatorics and combinatorial games. In this paper, I study these constructions and the connections they have to error-correcting codes. I begin with some definitions and basic results in §1. Next, in §2, I discuss the connection between the game of Nim and Hamming codes. I then present generalisations and extensions of these results from the game theory (§3) and coding theory (§4) perspectives. Finally, in §5 I explore some properties of perfect codes. Note: Many of the results (1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.5, and 5.2) were independently derived and proved. However, since they resemble or take ideas from the cited sources, they likely don’t count as new results. The main references for each section have been cited in the section headers. Results from other sources have been cited clearly too.
Effects of Concept Mapping Strategy on Students’ Interest and Performance in Biology in Abaji Area Council – Abuja

The study investigated the effects of concept mapping strategy on students’ interest and performance in Biology in Abaji Area Council of Federal Capital Territory Abuja. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The non-randomized control group, pretest-posttest design was used for the study. The population was made up of 1733 students across nine senior secondary schools. A sample of 77 senior secondary two Biology students from two secondary schools was drawn using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used for the data collection were; Biology Interest Inventory Scale (BIIS) and Biology Performance Test (BPT) which gave reliability coefficients of 0.97 and 0.74 respectively. The data collected were analysed using mean, standard deviation and tables to answer the research questions. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that, there was no significant difference between the mean performance scores of students taught Biology using concept mapping strategy and those taught using lecture method (P=0.347>0.05). Results however showed significant difference between the mean interest ratings of students taught Biology using concept mapping strategy and those taught using lecture method (P= 0.035< 0.05). Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Biology teachers should adopt concept mapping strategy for teaching and learning Senior Secondary School Biology contents.
Preliminary comparison of dose measurements on crres to NASA model predictions. (Reannouncement with new availability information)

Measurements of proton and electron dose from the space radiation dosimeter on the CRRES satellite, in a 18.1 deg, 350 km by 33000km orbit, are compared to the NASA models for solar maximum conditions. Up to the time of the large, solar-initiated particle events near the end of March 1991, the results are similar to those previously reported for solar minimum at low altitudes. That is, prior to the March event, there is excellent agreement between model and measured values for protons and poor agreement for electrons. During the event period a second proton belt was formed at higher altitudes which is not contained in the proton models, and the electrons increased over an order of magnitude for the CRRES orbit. This resulted in poorer agreement between model and measured values for protons during and after the solar proton event and better agreement for electrons during the electron enhancement period. What the data show is that, depending on orbit, both the existing proton and electron models can give large errors in dose that can compromise space system performance and lifetime.
Computational study of the anode baking industrial furnace

– In the aluminium industry, the Hall-Héroult process is used for smelting of aluminium using carbon electrodes such as anodes. The baking process of anodes is required for their maximum efficiency during this electrolysis process. The anode baking process contributes up to 15% costs in the aluminium industries and therefore, has been proven to be an important field of research since the 1980s. The process consists of various interdependent physics such as turbulent flow, combustion, radiation, and conjugate heat transfer. The ideal anode baking process should attempt to optimize energy consumption, reduce NOx and CO 2 emissions and improve anode quality. The focus of this project is to understand the parameters that affect thermal NOx production in the anode baking furnace and thereby, finding optimum values of these parameters. In this paper, a 2D reactive turbulent flow model is developed using COMSOL ® Multiphysics finite element software. The effects of radiation are elaborated for a 2D model. The temperatures calculated by the model are compared with the temperatures measured in the furnace using an infrared thermal camera. The comparison shows that the temperatures obtained by the model are in the range of measured temperatures. The combustion modeling is mixing dominated. A 3D model provides more accurate mixing behaviour. Therefore, an extension of the 2D model to 3D using COMSOL ® Multiphysics software is developed. In this paper, results of 3D non-reactive turbulent flow results are discussed. Initially, mesh sensitivity of the 3D results is analysed by comparing three mesh refinement levels. Subsequently, the results are compared with another simulation environment, IB-Raptor code. The comparison shows that the differences in the results are mainly observed near the fuel pipe. These differences can be attributed to the dissimilarities in mesh size and structure. However, these differences are within a 10% range and therefore, the two codes can be considered to provide comparable results. An improvement in the comparison with the two tools can be achieved by increased consistency in meshing. Furthermore, a 3D non-reactive flow would be improved by implementing other important physical phenomena similar to the development of a 2D model.
THE CAREC AND ITS NEIGHBORING REGIONS: A DIAGENOSTIC OF THE INTRA-BLOC AND EXTRA-BLOC TRADE

This report examines the dynamics of intra-CAREC trade flows and trade potential to the neighboring regions — namely, Russia, Europe, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and South Asia. The revealed comparative advantage shows that CAREC-WC (CAREC without China) countries have a higher comparative advantage in labor- and resource-intensive manufacturing sectors, which explains the overdependence of these countries on a few export industries. Similarly, trade complementarity is analyzed between CAREC members, CAREC exporters, and the neighboring regions. Furthermore, we examine the logistic performance and cost of exporting for CAREC members. There is an opportunity for trade expansion indicated by the Trade Complementarity Index; however, the dismal logistic conditions are acting as sand in the wheels of trade. For empirical analysis, we estimated a structural gravity model to examine the trade effect of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on bilateral exports of eight CAREC members — namely, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan between 2000 and 2019. The estimates show a positive and statistically significant trade effect of the RTAs on intra-bloc trade. However, the effect of RTAs is trivial for exports outside the CAREC region. The underlying reason is that there are only a few trade agreements involving non-CAREC countries. Regarding individual exporting countries of the CAREC region, the trade-facilitating role of RTAs is evident for Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan. On the other hand, exports of Mongolia seem to divert more towards non-RTA member countries. The findings of this report have implications along several policy dimensions with respect to the export potential of the region. presents a comprehensive diagnosis of intra-bloc and extra-bloc trade for the CAREC region. First, we analyze the revealed comparative advantage to identify the export competitiveness of various product groups. The findings show that only China exhibits a comparative advantage in mechanical and electronics manufacturing, placing China in a strong position for high-tech manufacturing. Other countries reveal advantages in exporting primary goods and labor-intensive manufacturing. Subsequently, we offer the analysis based on trade complementarity among CAREC members and between CAREC and its neighboring regions. Excluding China, the low values of trade complementarity indicate that the industrial structures of CAREC countries are almost identical to each other. Finally, we apply structural gravity to assess the role of regional integration agreements for the creation of trade. The findings corroborate the intra-bloc trade facilitating role of the RTAs,
Average Cash-Savings Rates in Equity Issues: Is Cash a Side Show?

This study employs the average cash-savings rate, defined as the ratio of the increase in cash to issue proceeds, in exploring the forces that shape cash savings in equity issues. The marginal cash-savings rate (e.g., as high as 0.6 in McLean, 2011) overstates equity issuers’ actual cash-savings rates by a wide margin. The average cash-savings rate increases with issue size and market-to-book, decreases with cash holdings, and has an inverted-U-shaped relation with sales growth. Equity-issuing firms do not prioritize cash savings over other uses like operating expenses, suggesting that cash is probably a side-show. Previously documented virtuous effects of cash all but disappear if we remove equity-issuing firms from the sample. JEL classification: G30, G31, G32
Determination of Soil Sorptive Potential by Soil Water Isotherm

: Soil sorptive potential (SSP) has recently been conceptualized as the sum of four known electromagnetic potentials in soil: cation and surface hydration, van der Waals attraction, electrical attraction, and osmosis due to electrical double layer. The SSP is most pronounced near the soil particle or intracrystalline surface and rapidly decays with increasing distance therefrom, governing the highly spatially varying characteristics of many fundamental soil properties such as pore water pressure, soil water density (SWD), and soil water phase transition. A novel framework was developed to determine the functions of SSP and SWD, directly using the experimental soil water isotherm (SWI) data with the aid of closed-form SWI and SWD models. A wide spectrum of soil types was examined to validate the proposed framework. Results indicate that the SSP in these soils can vary up to six orders of magnitude within the first three layers of adsorbed water molecules, leading to abnormally high values in both water pressure ( ∼ 10 3 MPa) and SWD ( 1 . 26 g = cm 3 ) at the soil – water interface. The predicted SWD curves are comparable to the existing experimental SWD measurements, and the controlling parameters for the SSP calibrated by the predicted SSP curves also show good agreement with the values reported in the literature, all confirming the validity of the proposed framework. It is concluded that soil sorptive potential and soil water density functions can be reliably determined from soil water isotherm data.