Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Product Market Competition and Audit Fees: Auditor Industry Specialization as A Moderating Variable

This research aims to examine the influence of product market competition on audit fees and the role of auditor industry specialization as a moderating variable. Using probability sampling method, 1,018 non-financial companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018 were selected as research samples. Multiple linear regression was used to analyzed the data. The results showed that product market competition has a negative significant effect on audit fees, while auditor industry specialization has a positive significance or weakens the relationship between product market competition and audit fees. In other words, auditor industry specialization stimulates the increase audit fees even in a competitive market. industri auditor sebagai variabel moderator. Dengan menggunakan metode sampel probabilitas, penelitian ini mengumpulan data dari 1.018 perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetisi pasar produk berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap biaya audit dan spesialisasi industri auditor berpengaruh positif signifikan atau memperlemah hubungan antara kompetisi pasar produk and biaya audit. Dengan kata lain spesialisasi industri auditor menyebabkan biaya audit semakin tinggi walaupun pada pasar yang kompetitif.
NFLUENCE OF W EEDS ON Y ACON I NITIAL G ROWTH AND

- The consumption of yacon has been increasing around the world due to the nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of this plant. The growing commercial interest in yacon ( Smallanthus sonchifolius ) generates a demand for crop management research studies, including the effect of weed competition on yacon, which was not yet studied. Thus, this study was performed with the objective of evaluating the effects of weed competition on yacon development and growth. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and seven replicates. Treatments were yacon with the interference of four weed species: Cyperus rotundus L. (nutgrass), Commelina benghalensis L. (tropical spiderwort), Amaranthus viridis L. (slender amaranth) and Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using 10 dm 3 pots. Plant height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area, fresh and dry mass weight (total and partial), and chlorophyll A, B and total were evaluated. The weed competition resulted in a decrease in the yacon development (height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area), photosynthetic rate (decreased chlorophyll content A, B and total) and yield, as also decreased the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass of tuberous roots. C. benghalensis L. and A. viridis L. were the weeds most affecting the development and growth of yacon.
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the underlying mechanism of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) induced cellular response and their potential cross-talk, specifically, between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, MAPK activation and apoptosis and how these nano-bio interactions depend on the physico-chemical properties of MWCNT. For this purpose, human bronchial epithelial (Beas2B) and human hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines, were exposed to five kinds of MWCNTs which differ in functionalization and aspect ratios. Tissue-specific sensitivity was evident for calcium homeostasis, ER-stress response, MAPK activation and apoptosis, which further depended on surface functionalization as well as aspect ratios of MWCNT. By applying specific pharmaceutical inhibitors, relevant biomarkers gene and proteins expressions, we found that possibly MWCNT induce activation of IRE1α-XPB1 pathway-mediated ER-stress response, which in turn trigger apoptosis through JNK activation in both type of cells but with variable intensity. The information presented here would have relevance in better understanding of MWCNT toxicity and their safer applications.
Mitochondrial Thioredoxin System EFFECTS OF TrxR2 OVEREXPRESSION ON REDOX BALANCE, CELL GROWTH, AND APOPTOSIS*

Thioredoxin-2 (Trx2) is a mitochondrial protein-disulfide oxidoreductase essential for control of cell survival during mammalian embryonic development. This suggests that mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase-2 (TrxR2), responsible for reducing oxidized Trx2, may also be a key player in the regulation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. With this in mind, we investigated the effects of overexpression of TrxR2, Trx2, or both on mammalian cell responses to various apoptotic inducers. Stable transfectants of mouse Neuro2A cells were generated that overexpressed TrxR2 or an EGFP-TrxR2 fusion protein. EGFPTrxR2 was enzymatically active and was localized in mitochondria. TrxR2 protein level and TrxR activity could be increased up to 6-fold in mitochondria. TrxR2 and EGFP-TrxR2 transfectants showed reduced growth rates as compared with control cells. This growth alteration was not due to cytotoxic effects nor related to changes in basal mitochondrial transmembrane potential ( m), reactive oxygen species production, or to other mitochondrial antioxidant components such as Trx2, peroxyredoxin-3, MnSOD, GPx1, and glutathione whose levels were not affected by increased TrxR2 activity. In response to various apoptotic inducers, the extent of m dissipation, reactive oxygen species induction, caspase activation, and loss of viability were remarkably similar in TrxR2 and control transfectants. Excess TrxR2 did not prevent trichostatin A-mediated neuronal differentiation of Neuro2A cells nor did it protect them against -amyloid neurotoxicity. Neither massive glutathione depletion nor co-transfection of Trx2 and TrxR2 in Neuro2A (mouse), COS-7 (monkey), or HeLa (human) cells revealed any differential cellular resistance to prooxidant or non-oxidant apoptotic stimuli. Our results suggest that neither Trx2 nor TrxR2 gain of function modified the redox regulation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in these mammalian cells.
Carotid arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic patients Sztywność tętnic szyjnych pacjentów cukrzycą typu 2

Introduction. Functional carotid arterial changes expressed by arterial stiffness indices represent subclinical organ damage in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There are still controversies to what extent diabetes per se influences arterial stiffness and what is the contribution of other atherosclerotic risk factors in arterial stiffness pathophysiology. The aim of the study was to assess carotid arterial stiffness in patients with uncomplicated T2DM . We examined the relationship of classical cardiovascular risk factors and haemoglobin A1 and arterial stiffness indices in diabetes. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 168 subjects: 84 subjects with T2DM (34 M, 50 F, mean age 55.8 ± 7.9 years) and 84 healthy patients (60 M, 24 F, mean age 54.3 ± 7.0 years). From carotid arteries ultrasound — high--resolution echo-tracking (eT) arterial stiffness parameters were evaluated: β , Ep, AC, AI, PWV- β . Results. β , Ep, AI, PWV- β were higher in patients with T2DM in the comparison with control group. In the group of T2DM in stepwise multivariate analysis of arterial stiffness indices the following models were achieved with only significant variables: β = 1.8 + 0.096 × PP + 0.07 × age; R 2 = 0.166, Ep = 16.7 + 1.852 × PP; R 2 = 0.286, AC = 1.9 – 0.005 × × SBP – 0.007 × HR + 0.14 × smoking cigarettes; R 2 = 0.165, AI = 18.0 – 0.80 × BMI + 0.40 × age; R 2 = 0.147, PWV- β = = –0.4 + 0.77 × SBP – 0.72 × MAP – 0.50 × PP + 0.03 × HR; R 2 = 0.235. Conclusions. T2D constitutes the strong independent determinant of arterial stiffness. In patients with T2DM the independent determinants of arterial stiffness parameters were age, SBP, MBP, PP, HR, BMI and smoking cigarettes. Not only glycemic control but also a multifactorial anti-risk strategy might play an important role in the prevention of the development of vascular stiffness and subclinical target organ damage in diabetes.
Indução do cio e luteólise em novilhas tratadas com uma mini-dose de cloprostenol administrada pela via intramuscular ou intravulvo-submucosa

In order to evaluate the oestral and luteolitic response to intramuscular (i.m.) or intravulvosubmucous (i.v.s.m.) cloprostenol mini-dosis injection, twenty eight crossbred heifers received 7 to 14 days after oestrus, one of following treatments with seven replications each: A) 500 µg (i.m.) cloprostenol; B) 125 µg (i.m.) cloprostenol; C) 125 µg (i.v.s.m.) cloprostenol and D) 2 ml saline solution (i.m.). Mean progesterone concentratjon (P4) in blood plasma just before the application of the treatments was 4.94, 4.71, 5.76 and 3.48 ng/ml respectively for treatments A, B, C and D, without any significant difference (P > 0.05). Twenty four hours later, there was a fall in the mean progesterone concentration of treatments A (0.91 ng/ml), B (1.17 ng/ml), C (1.72 ng/ml) but not of the treatment D (4.37) (P < 0.01). All heifers of treatment A, three of treatment B, five of treatment C and none of treatment D were observed in oestrus during a five days period after the begining of the treatments (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between treatments B and C. This results suggest that a cloprostenol mini-dosis when administered by i.m. or i.v. s.m. routes do not cause a different pharmacological effect.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in older women: an analysis of retrospective English cancer registration data

Background : Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended as a treatment for women with high recurrence risk early breast cancer. Older women are less likely to receive chemotherapy than younger women. This study has investigated the impact of chemotherapy on breast cancer specific survival in women aged 70+ using English Registry data. Methods: Cancer registration data were obtained from two English regions from 2002 to 2012 ( n =29,728). The impact of patient level characteristics on the probability of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy was explored using logistic regression. Survival modelling was undertaken to show the effect of chemotherapy and age/health status on breast cancer specific survival. Missing data was handled using multiple imputation. Results : 11,735 surgically treated early breast cancer patients were identified. Use of adjuvant chemotherapy has increased over time. Younger age at diagnosis, increased nodal involvement, tumour size and grade, oestrogen receptor negative or HER2 positive disease were all associated with increased probability of receiving chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was associated with a significant reduction in the hazard of breast cancer specific mortality in women with high recurrence risk cancer, after adjusting for patient level characteristics (Hazard Ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.81). Discussion : Chemotherapy is associated with an improved breast cancer specific survival in older women with high recurrence risk early breast cancer. Lower rates of chemotherapy use in older women may, therefore, contribute to inferior cancer outcomes. Decisions on potential benefits for individual patients should be made on the basis of life expectancy, treatment tolerance and patient preference.
THE EFFECT OF AUTOCLAVE POLYMERIZATION ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF VARIOUS DENTURE BASE MATERIALS

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of autoclave polymerization method on the tensile strength of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) acrylic denture base resins. Materials and Methods: Total of 60 specimens were fabricated from four different denture base materials such as three heat polymerized denture resins Meliodent, Paladent, and QC-20 and one microwave polymerized resin Acron MC. Specimens were divided into control (heat and microwave polymerization), short (130 °C 10 min) and long (130 °C 20 min) autoclave polymerization groups according to polymerization techniques (n=5). The tensile strength tests were performed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Duncan test (α=0.01). Results: In control group, Acron-MC showed the highest tensile strength value, QC-20, Paladent and Meliodent were followed. Autoclave polymerization 20 minutes Acron MC group was significantly different from the other acrylic resins for the control and autoclave polymerization 10 minutes groups (p<0.01). Autoclave polymerized acrylic resin specimens showed higher tensile strength values than the control groups (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the increasing time of autoclave polymerization methods 10 minutes and 20 minutes (p>0.01). Conclusion: Within study, autoclave polymerization method may provide a stronger alternative to conventional polymerization methods. Autoclave polymerization method provides high temperature that the activation ratio of crosslinking agents (glycoldimethacrylate) can be increased.
Mechanical properties of a G/h-BN heterobilayer nanosheets coupled by interlayer sp 3 bonds and defects

The mechanical properties of graphene / hexagonal boron nitride ( G / h-BN ) heterobilayer nanosheets coupled by interlayer sp 3 bonds and defects have been investigated by using the molecular dynamics ( MD ) simulation. For this purpose, interlayer sp 3 bonds and two kinds of geometric imperfection ( including rhombus and square nanopore ) are formed in the G / h-BN heterobilayer nanosheets. The effects of adding the nanopore diameter, interlayer sp 3 bonds fraction, and the in ﬂ uence of different position of geometric imperfection in heterobilayer nanostructure on mechanical properties have been investigated. The result shows that when sp 3 bonds and nanopore coexist, the mechanical properties of defective graphene layer are higher than that of defective hexagonal boron nitride ( h-BN ) layer. Meanwhile, the negative effect of rhomboid nanohole on mechanical properties of heterostructure is weaker than that of square nanohole. It is observed that that interlayer sp 3 bonds have greatest in ﬂ uence on the fracture strain of G / h-BN heterobilayer nanostructure, followed by fracture stress, and ﬁ nally Young ’ s modulus. Another important point is that interlayer sp 3 bonds can be regarded as a special defect, and its value seems to outweigh the intrinsic
Do exploration and risk-taking behaviors covary with metabolism and performance in an Asian agamid lizard ([i]Phrynocephalus vlangalii[i])?

Ecological factors related to predation risks and foraging play major roles in determining which behavioral traits may mediate life history trade-offs and thus the pace-of-life syndrome structure among behavioral, physiological and life-history traits. It has been proposed that activity/exploration or risk-taking behaviors are more likely to impact resource acquisition for organisms (individuals, populations, and species) foraging on clumped and ephemeral food sources than for organisms foraging on abundant and evenly distributed resources. In contrast, vigilance or freezing behavior would be expected to covary with the pace of life when organisms rely on food items requiring long bouts of handling. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how general this pattern. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis by examining the associations between exploration/risk-taking behaviors and metabolic/performance traits for the viviparous agamid lizard, Phrynocephalus vlangalii. This species forages on sparse and patchy food sources. The results showed positive correlation between exploration and endurance capacity, and between bite force and risk-taking willingness. Our current findings, in conjunction with our previous (study showing no correlations between freezing behavior and performance in this species (Qi et al. 2014)), support the idea that behaviors in life-history trade-offs are natural history-dependent in P. vlangalii, and provide evidence that behavioral types play functional roles in life history trade-offs to supporting pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis.
Simultaneous monitoring and quantification of Melampsora allii-populina and Melampsora larici-populina on infected poplar leaves using a duplex real-time PCR assay

C. Guinet*, A. L. Boutigny, A. Vialle, R. C. Hamelin, P. Frey and R. Ioos ANSES Laboratoire de la Sant e des V eg etaux, Unit e de Mycologie, IFR110 EFABA, Domaine de Pix er ecourt, Malz eville 54220, France; Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du PEPS, Stn. Sainte-Foy, PO Box 10380, Qu ebec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada; INRA, UMR1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, IFR110 EFABA, Champenoux 54280; and Universit e de Lorraine, UMR1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, IFR110 EFABA, Vandoeuvre-l es-Nancy, 54500, France
Interpretation of Compressibility Properties of Soil Surrounding Bored Piles from Pile Load Test Results

Unsatisfactory bored pile may result due to low skin frictional resistance or due to low end bearing resistance. A new methodology is proposed herein to estimate the shear stiffness of the material along the pile shaft using the static load - settlement curve. The stiffness, estimated in terms of the Young's modulus, of the material along the pile shaft is an indication of the amount of ultimate skin friction. The new methodology, in combination with the earlier method proposed by Thilakasiri and Silva [6] to estimate the Young's modulus of the material below the pile bottom, can be effectively used in interpretation of static load settlement curves to determine the type of the material along the pile shaft and that of the material below the pile bottom. The developed methodology is implemented for static load-settlement curves obtained from testing of bored piles and the advantages of the new methodology are demonstrated.
InvestigateDiscussEstimateAggregate for structured expert judgement

This study presents the results of an approach to predicting the outcomes of geopolitical events, which we term the IDEA protocol. Participants investigate the background and causal factors behind a question, predict the outcome, discuss their thinking with others, and then make a second, private and anonymous judgement of the probability of the event that is subsequently aggregated mathematically. The method performed well compared to an equally weighted linear pool and a prediction market and is relatively simple to implement. The results indicate the value of discussion to remove arbitrary linguistic uncertainty and to share and debate knowledge, thereby improving judgements. Weighting judgements by prior performance using Cooke’s method improved group judgements. Even though some of the results are not statistically significant, the study may not have had sufficient power to detect some important effects. Nevertheless, the results help us formulate conjectures, which can be further investigated.
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AFFECTING UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES IN AFRICA: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE

: Despite improvements in maternal health, Sub-Saharan Africa countries still experience high maternal deaths. The provision of quality maternal health services has been adopted as a key strategy to reduce maternal mortality. However, low utilization rates and inequitable access to maternal health services across the region continue to hinder progress. The objective of the study was to synthesize evidence on the social determinants of maternal health services utilization in sub-Saharan Africa. A narrative review of peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2019 was conducted. Peer-reviewed published studies were electronically searched from databases using search terms covering access and use, social determinants, maternal health services, and sub-Saharan Africa. Data were qualitatively analyzed, and results summarized using the World Health Organization's Social Determinants of Health Framework. A total of 36 studies were reviewed. The study identified several social determinants that act as barriers or facilitators to maternal health utilization. Factors identified include socioeconomic status, educational level, women's autonomy, urban residence, gender norms, geographical proximity, access to media, high social capital, social support, exposure to media and functional health system. Maternal healthcare utilization is still low in sub-Saharan Africa and it reflects disparities according to socio-economic status and rural/urban residence. Programs and interventions to improve maternal health should target social determinants that create inequalities in society.
An Empirical Approach on Pre-roll Advertising through Narrative Ads and FoMO

The narrative impact has long been studied in the marketing communication discipline and associated with different advertising topics. In this context, the present study aims to explore connections among narrative ads, intrusiveness perception, and skipping behavior within the scope of digital video advertising. Besides, fear of missing out (FoMO), which is predicted to be related to the mentioned pre-roll advertising factors was included as another independent variable in the research process. Thus, the connections of narrative ads and FoMO with pre-roll advertising were compared. An experimental design was conducted to test research hypotheses, and data were collected through within-subjects repeated measures procedure. While the findings supported the impact of narrative ads on advertising avoidance, no significant correlation of FoMO with skipping habit has been reported. Pre-roll Reklamcılık.
On the Effective Continuum Method for Modeling MultiphaseFlow, Multicomponent Transport and Heat Transfer in FracturedRock

Flow and transport through fractured porous media occurs in many subsurface systems and has received considerable attention in recent years due to the importance in the areas of underground natural resource recovery, waste storage, and environmental remediation scheme. Among the methods of handling fracture/matrix flow and transport through geological media, the effective continuum method (ECM) has been widely used, and misused in some cases, because of its simplicity in terms of data requirements and computational efficiency. This paper presents a rigorous, generalized effective continuum formulation, which has been implemented into the TOUGH2 code (Pruess, 1991) for modeling multiphase, multicomponent, non-isothermal flow and transport in fractured rocks. Also included in the paper are discussions of the conditions under which the ECM approach applies and the procedures for evaluating the effective parameters for both flow and transport simulations. Three application examples, one multiphase flow, one heat flow and one chemical transport problem, are given to demonstrate the usefulness of the ECM method.