Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recreational Athletes’ Experiences of Adversity Outside of Sport

Sport involvement can be both a stressor and protective factor for athletes’ well-being (Arnold & Fletcher, 2012; Sarkar & Fletcher, 2014; Secades et al., 2016). With potentially fewer performance stressors, recreational athletes might be best positioned to experience the positive aspects of sport (e.g., Brown & Potrac, 2009; Eime, Young, Harvey, Charity, & Payne, 2013; Khan et al., 2012) including engaging with coping strategies within sport. As a means of understanding the potential coping strategies associated with recreational sporting participation, this study addressed the question: how do recreational athletes experience adversity? Ten recreational athletes participated in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using an interpretive phenomenological analysis (Smith, 2004; Reid, Flowers, and Larkin, 2005). Analysis was reviewed through member reflections (Smith & McGannon, 2018). Findings indicated that recreational athletes utilized coping strategies through sport as well as coping outside of sport in response to life adversities. Through social support, distraction, identity reaffirmation and personal goal setting, recreational athletes of this study found coping strategies within sport. Notably, participants recounted experiences of goal setting by first relaying the importance of psychological safety in their sporting environments. For instance, recreational athletes spoke to experiences of unsafe sport environments being a barrier to successful coping processes. Taken together, these findings provide information on the potential role of sport involvement of recreational athletes in their experiences of adversity. Participants of this study also spoke to coping resources outside of sport including social support beyond their sport community and time to resolve the stressors. RECREATIONAL ATHLETES’ ADVERSITY iii
Use of Movies in Human Rights and Democracy Teaching

The aim of this study is to determine how cinema movies contribute to students’ learning of human rights and democracy in the 2017-2018 Academic Year Fall Semester. The research was modelled according to the pattern of action research from qualitative research methods. Research was conducted for 13 weeks in a public university in Turkey. In the Human Rights and Democracy course, 13 movies about human rights were watched, interpreted and evaluated. Structured interview form was applied to 13 students. Data was analyzed by content analysis. The findings revealed that in general movies can be useful in teaching human rights and democracy issues. In this way, it has been found that both cognitive and affective subjects can be learned permanently. It has been concluded that movies can be used effectively in value teaching and movies based on real events should be used.
Antiretroviral Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa

There are no conclusive and exhaustive studies of ART adherence and its challenges in the sub-Saharan Africa region which has the largest number of HIV infections in the world. This chapter aims to assess the evidence on the challenges and prospects of ART adherence in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a systematic review of the evidence on selected original and review articles involving HIV-positive individuals that measured ART adherence level and factors associated to it in the past decade. Contrary to expectations, patients in sub-Saharan Africa have similar, if not higher, adherence levels compared to patients in developed countries. The barriers/challenges to ART adherence include factors related to patients and their families, socioeconomic factors, medication, health providers and healthcare systems among others. Prospects and challenges for the programme include possibilities of funding decline. There are substantial areas for improvement of ART programmes in sub-Sahara African countries.
“It may be legal, but it is not treated equally”: marriage equality and well-being implications for same-sex couples

Abstract Despite the monumental victory of marriage equality for same-sex couples, sexual and gender minorities continue to face barriers toward full equality in a variety of contexts. This study adds to limited research examining the impact of marital recognition on personal and relational well-being. Using a mixed-methods approach we explored the experiences of 218 Midwestern, married, same-sex couple members. We contend perceptions of recognition influence distinct aspects of personal well-being for those in married same-sex relationships. Individuals residing in states without marriage equality displayed significantly greater negative affect than their peers in marriage equality contexts. Qualitative findings revealed themes of legitimacy and security following marriage, but clear distinctions in experiences were evident based on legal recognition. Collectively, participants’ expressed a stronger relational bond following marriage. Perceived recognition, via state policy, served as a catalyst for many couples to take refuge in specific residential locales. Yet, regardless of context, narratives depicted minority stress experiences including encountering affirmation and opposition to their identities and relationships.
Time-Inconsistent Generosity: Present Bias Across Individual and Social Contexts

We investigate the presence and stability of dynamically inconsistent time preferences across contexts with and without interpersonal trade-offs. In a longitudinal experiment subjects make a series of intertemporal allocation decisions of real-effort tasks between themselves and another person. We find substantial time inconsistency in generosity: agents become disproportionally more selfish when decisions have immediate rather than delayed consequences. Structural estimations reveal that this is because agents exhibit present bias in own but not in others' consumption. At the individual level, present bias in own consumption is a stable behavioral trait which is correlated across individual and social contexts.
Fertility decisions in transition: young adults’ perceptions on fertility three decades apart in Spain

ABSTRACT The aim of this unique study is to analyze the generational change in perceptions regarding fertility decisions between young Spanish adults in the mid-1980s and young Spanish adults in the early 2010s and to test the extent to which the theoretical perspectives on fertility are supported by individual narratives over time. For nearly thirty years, Spain has had low fertility levels that contrast with the persistent ideal family size of two children. However, the literature has barely explored individuals’ perceptions of fertility decision-making over time. This paper seizes the exceptional opportunity to analyze 97 in-depth personal interviews of highly educated young adults in urban Spain from two independent studies conducted in 1985 and 2012. The results indicate that although the value change associated with the second demographic transition remains over time, the changes in age norms and partnership formation norms underlie the main differences between the two generations. Economic uncertainty and the lack of support for work-life balance stand out as persistent structural factors that influence the fertility decisions in both samples. In addition, the respondents’ narratives confirm that the transition of gender-role norms towards greater egalitarianism remains unfinished. By assigning value to the perceptions of individuals, this study contributes to the understanding of how the normative framework and meaning of childbearing have changed under the rubric of the macrolevel theoretical perspectives that explain fertility decline.
Evaluating mental health literacy in medical students in the United Kingdom

Purpose There is urgent need to explore medical students’ understandings of mental illness to better support this high-risk group. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate mental health literacy in medical students using the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), and provide validation of the measure. Design/methodology/approach In total, 251 participants were recruited from medical schools across the UK. Participants completed demographic details and the MHLS. This paper reports total MHLS scores and their relationships with demographics and experiences with mental illness. Findings The mean MHLS score was 127.69. MHL was significantly higher in females, and students in later years of study (p<0.05). Over 40 per cent of respondents reported having personal experience of mental illness. This, as well as having a close friend or family member with a mental illness, was associated with higher MHL (p<0.05). Originality/value This study is the first to use the MHLS and provide validation of this measure in medical students. Despite high rates of personal experience with mental health issues, medical students’ average MHLS scores were comparable to studies of non-medical student groups. Medical schools should aim to build students’ confidence in recognising and seeking help for mental health issues from the first year of medical training. MHL is a multi-faceted issue; further work is required to improve awareness of risk factors, to better understand why males demonstrate poorer MHL scores than females, and to work towards improving MHL in males.
Soldiers’ perceptions of military spouses’ career experiences

ABSTRACT The current study provided an exploratory qualitative examination of the issues surrounding career progression for military spouses from the perspective of the soldier. Utilizing family systems theory and spillover theory we explored the soldier’s perceptions of the impact that the military lifestyle has on a military spouse’s opportunities for employment and advancement within their work. Data from 50 soldiers (90% enlisted; 90% male; 59% White) whose spouses were employed as civilians were collected during 11 focus groups. We conducted an inductive analysis on transcripts of the focus groups to guide the discovery of themes. Three major themes surrounding military personnel and their spouses’ employment progression emerged: soldiers’ perceptions that (1) the military can negatively influence the spouses’ career progression through frequent and/or unpredictable relocations, physical distance, and the mentality that military comes first; (2) there are benefits associated with spouse employment; and (3) the spouses’ career type impacts the success of their career. Notably, soldiers view their spouses’ careers as important, and acknowledge that the military way of life can retard spouse career progression, depending upon the type of job or career the spouse holds. Soldiers suggest less frequent relocations and consideration of spouses’ jobs would improve spouse career progression and improve solider and family well-being. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The budget impact of using oral nutritional supplements in older community patients at high risk of malnutrition in England

understanding of the potential economic effects of their use. Therefore, we developed a model based on an analysis of published literature to investigate the budget impact of using ONS to manage older people in the community in England at high risk of malnutrition using the ‘Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool’ (‘MUST’) (http://www.bapen.org.uk). A budget impact model was developed based on: (1) population data for those aged 65 years or over (8 million people, 16 % of total population) in England (3) and published malnutrition prevalence data (4–6) for those at high risk of malnutrition in the community using ‘MUST’ (estimated at 680 000 people); (2) an estimate of the proportion of malnourished older people in the community currently on ONS (9 % of high risk using ‘MUST’) v. those potentially eligible (50 % of those at high risk using ‘MUST’); (3) pooled data on clinical outcomes and health-care use (pressure ulcers, infections, antibiotic prescriptions and hospital admissions) from the results of 19 community-based randomised controlled trials (n 1733) comparing ONS (n 830) and a control arm (n 903) (standard care, placebo, dietary counselling and/or normal diet) costed using national tariffs (7,8) ; (4) costs of health-care professional monitoring (7) and costs of ONS (ONS bd for 8 weeks). Pooled analysis of data showed reductions in pressure ulcers, infections, antibiotic prescriptions and hospital admissions (by 88, 32, 56 and 33 %, respectively) with use of ready-made ONS compared to control. The resulting reduction in costs (£ - 88 million) more than offset the total costs of using ONS in conjunction with health-care professional monitoring (£84 million). Overall, the budget impact showed annual cost savings of £16 million when using ready-made ONS to manage malnutrition in eligible older people in the community in England. This budget impact model suggests that the appropriate use of ready-made ONS in eligible older people at high risk of malnutrition in the community is cost effective with the potential for cost savings and a positive budget impact.
Female journalists under attack? Explaining gender differences in reactions to audiences’ attacks

The literature on public figures attacked by their audiences is unclear why female and male figures react differently to attacks. This study examines why female journalists are more likely than male journalists to use avoidance strategies as a reaction to online attacks. Avoidance includes limiting audience engagement, adapting reporting behavior, and thinking about quitting journalism. Drawing on social role theory and gender stereotypes, this study contrasts two explanatory hypotheses. The results, based on mediation analyses of online survey data of 637 journalists representative of Switzerland, show that women are more likely than men to use avoidance strategies because women are more stressed by attacks. This heightened stress is argued to result from differences in gender role socialization. In contrast, while women are somewhat more severely attacked than men, this cannot explain their greater probability of avoidance. Results contribute a theoretically and empirically rich explanation of gendered reactions to attacks.
Embracing the K-12 Curriculum: Accounts of Philippine Teachers and Students

The Department of Education of the Philippines has implemented the K-12 Curriculum to both elementary and high school levels of Basic Education starting the school year 2012-2013. Thus, we can infer that the current curriculum is still in its infancy stage. Along with this stage is the dynamic change in the perceptions, reactions, and realizations of different stakeholders towards the new curriculum. In this facet, the study has examined various accounts of in-service and pre-service teachers and students to gain an understanding of how they approach the modern educational system.
Constructs of Perceived Fairness and Impact on Performance: An International and Local Context

Fairness is a complex concept and has been studied extensively in sociology and philosophy. The perceptual difference among people with regards to fairness, justice, and trust makes it an interesting concept to explore. The present study analyses the impact of perceived trust in three different scenarios. In the first part, the impact of trust within the members of a society on the performance of that country is observed. Labor force trends, per capita income, human capital value and political institutions were analyzed as part of the theoretical framework. In the second part, the mediating role of organizational trust between organizational justice and organizational performance was analyzed. The third part brings the attention to the dimensions of justice and how they influence trust among employees. For the first part of the study, a sample of 64 countries was taken and cross country analysis was applied. These countries were further separated into developing and developed countries to observe the impact of trust on performance. To examine the change in the level of trust on the performance of a country a non-linear term of trust was included in the regression model. In the second part of the study, Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the direct and indirect effect of organizational justice on organizational performance. Structured questionnaire was used as the instrument to collect data. In the third part of the study PLS-SEM was applied to test the relationship between the dimensions of justice and its impact on the organizational trust. The results from the first part suggest a strong positive correlation between social trust and economic growth of countries. This association was much stronger for developing countries than developed countries. The findings specify that an increased level of trust beyond a certain level within developed economies does not lead to economic and financial benefits. Whereas, developing countries can prosper and increase performance in lieu of increased level of social trust. Findings from the second part indicate that trust plays a significant role in justice and organizational performance relationship. The results drawn from the third part signify that employees in an organization give value to procedures and regulations than the rewards during decision making or reward distributing process. Trust level of the employees increases if they feel that rules are implemented and practiced in the organization. This puts pressure on the organizations to increase transparency in the procedures. This study will have implications for the managers of multinationals as well as local companies in a country, to strategize the decisions related to trust.
Investigating university students’ adoption of video lessons

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the undergraduate students’ adoption of video lessons. The data were collected from 313 undergraduate students from Education, Health Sciences, and Letters Faculties within a large university in Turkey using a questionnaire with six constructs: ease of use, usefulness, enjoyment, intention, computer self-efficacy and relative advantage. The Technology Acceptance Model and Diffusion of Innovation Theory were used as the research framework for the study, and the data were analysed by Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that ease of use and computer self-efficacy had a significant influence on usefulness of video lessons. Computer self-efficacy had a significant influence on ease of use regarding video lessons and usefulness of a video lesson had a significant influence on relative advantage. In addition, relative advantage and enjoyment had a significant effect on student intention to use a video lesson. Interestingly, it was found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and computer self-efficacy had no effect on the intention to use video lessons. Consequently, five constructs account for 38% of the variance intention to use video lessons. The research model was found to have a good fit.
The networked leader: understanding peer influence in a system wide leadership team

ABSTRACT This work attempts to examine instructional leadership from a peer influence perspective within a districtwide network of educational leaders. This approach to instructional leadership supplements a conventional understanding of technical core of professional collaboration. We argue from a social network perspective that individual perception is likely to be influenced by the perception of peers with whom one has direct connections. Specifically, this study investigates individual leaders’ perception of instructional leadership and its relationships with the perceptions of peers as they collaborate with one another among a districtwide leadership team in one large school district implementing large scale school reforms in California. Findings suggest that organisational learning and personal beliefs perceived by peer collaborators are associated with individual leaders’ perception of instructional leadership.
Spectrum-specific encephalography standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography network and gray matter correlations in vascular dementia patients

Vascular dementia, secondary to Alzheimer’s dementia, ranks as one of the most frequent dementia types. The process of vascular dementia is divergent with other neurodegenerative dementias and thus reversible at the early cognitive disorder or mild dementia stages. The encephalography and neuroimaging data mining at different stages would bring neuromodulation strategies in practice; 15 mild cognitive impairment patients and 16 mild vascular dementia patients as well as 17 cognitive healthy controls were screened in this study. Cognitive tests such as Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal cognitive assessment, voxel-based morphometry, electroencephalography, and standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography connectivity network were conducted. Compared with healthy group, voxel-based morphometry analysis showed a decrease in gray/cerebrospinal fluid ratio (p < .05) in mild dementia group; the energy power of gamma band decreased (p < .05) in mild dementia group; and electroencephalography standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis showed wider frontal and temporal lobe involvement in mild dementia patients (p < .05). Network topological analysis screened top 10 key Brodmann areas (44R, 7R, 8L, 22L, 47L, 27L, 1L, 1R, 7R, 43L), which could be underlying neuromodulators for dementia patients. Electroencephalography as well as structural magnetic resonance imaging could be used for the evaluation of cognitive disorder patients. The spectrum-specific standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis and connectivity network analysis could shed light on the neuromodulator targets in the early phase of dementia.
Analysis of Job Insecurity, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Culture on Turnover Intention Mediated by Organizational Commitments in PT. Seraphim Life Center, Jakarta

This research analyzes the effect of Job Insecurity, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Culture on Turnover Intention Mediated by organizational commitment at PT. Seraphim Life Center. Data was collected by survey to 200 samples of PT. Seraphim Life Center employees. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis with Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach to Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS). The results revealed that Job Satisfaction, organizational culture and organizational commitment had a negative and significant effect on Turnover Intention. Job Insecurity has a positive and significant effect on Turnover Intention. Finally, organizational commitment mediates the relationship of Job Insecurity, Job satisfaction and organizational culture on Turnover Intention. This research can be beneficial for PT. Seraphim Life Center to reduce employee turnover through effective programs. Keywords : Job Insecurity, Job satisfaction, Organizational Culture, organizational commitment, Turnover Intention DOI : 10.7176/JRDM/59-03 Publication date :September 30 th 2019
Hunting Causes and Using Them: Against modularity, the causal Markov condition and any link between the two: comments on Hausman and Woodward

Hunting Causes and Using Them argues that causation is not one thing, as commonly assumed, but many. There is a huge variety of causal relations, each with different characterizing features, different methods for discovery and different uses to which it can be put. In this collection of new and previously published essays, Nancy Cartwright provides a critical survey of philosophical and economic literature on causality, with a special focus on the currently fashionable Bayes-nets and invariance methods - and it exposes a huge gap in that literature. Almost every account treats either exclusively how to hunt causes or how to use them. But where is the bridge between? It's no good knowing how to warrant a causal claim if we don't know what we can do with that claim once we have it. This book will interest philosophers, economists and social scientists.