Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between COVID-19 vaccination and critical outcomes among older adults with dementia: a comparative cohort study

Background As COVID-19 vaccines became available, understanding their potential benefits in vulnerable populations has gained significance. This study explored the advantages of COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with cognitive disorders by analyzing health-related variables and outcomes. Methods A prospective cohort study analyzed electronic medical records of 25,733 older adults with cognitive disorders and 65,544 older adults without cognitive disorders from March 2020 to February 2022. COVID-19 vaccination status was the primary exposure variable, categorized as fully vaccinated or unvaccinated. The primary outcomes measured were all-cause mortality and hospitalization rates within 14 and 400 days post-vaccination. Data on vaccination status, demographics, comorbidities, testing history, and clinical outcomes were collected from electronic health records. The study was ethically approved by the relevant medical facility’s Institutional Review Board (0075-22-MHS). Results Vaccinated individuals had significantly lower mortality rates in both groups. In the research group, the mortality rate was 52% (n = 1852) for unvaccinated individuals and 7% (n = 1,241) for vaccinated individuals (p < 0.001). Similarly, in the control group, the mortality rate was 13.58% (n = 1,508) for unvaccinated individuals and 1.85% (n = 936) for vaccinated individuals (p < 0.001), despite higher COVID-19 positivity rates. In the research group, 30.26% (n = 1,072) of unvaccinated individuals tested positive for COVID-19, compared to 37.16% (n = 6,492) of vaccinated individuals (p < 0.001). In the control group, 17.31% (n = 1922) of unvaccinated individuals were COVID-19 positive, while 37.25% (n = 18,873) of vaccinated individuals tested positive (p < 0.001). Vaccination also showed potential benefits in mental health support. The usage of antipsychotic drugs was lower in vaccinated individuals (28.43%, n = 4,967) compared to unvaccinated individuals (37.48%, n = 1,328; 95% CI [0.92–1.28], p < 0.001). Moreover, vaccinated individuals had lower antipsychotic drug prescription rates (23.88%, n = 4,171) compared to unvaccinated individuals (27.83%, n = 968; 95% CI [−1.02 to −0.63], p < 0.001). Vaccination appeared to have a positive impact on managing conditions like diabetes, with 38.63% (n = 6,748) of vaccinated individuals having diabetes compared to 41.55% (n = 1,472) of unvaccinated individuals (95% CI [0.24, 0.48], p < 0.001). Discussion The findings highlight the importance of vaccination in safeguarding vulnerable populations during the pandemic and call for further research to optimize healthcare strategies for individuals with cognitive disorders.
Trend patterns in global sea surface temperature

Isolating long‐term trend in sea surface temperature (SST) from El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) variability is fundamental for climate studies. In the present study, trend‐empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, a robust space‐time method for extracting trend patterns, is applied to isolate low‐frequency variability from time series of SST anomalies for the 1982–2006 period. The first derived trend pattern reflects a systematic decrease in SST during the 25‐year period in the equatorial Pacific and an increase in most of the global ocean. The second trend pattern reflects mainly ENSO variability in the Pacific Ocean. The examination of the contribution of these low‐frequency modes to the globally averaged SST fluctuations indicates that they are able to account for most (>90%) of the variability observed in global mean SST. Trend‐EOFs perform better than conventional EOFs when the interest is on low‐frequency rather than on maximum variance patterns, particularly for short time series such as the ones resulting from satellite retrievals. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Chronic fatigue syndrome in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy and affecting factors

OBJECTIVE In this study, the frequency of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), sleep disturbances, and quality of life levels in mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) was compared in relation to the functional status of the child. METHODS The caregivers were evaluated with the sociodemographic data form, Chalder fatigue scale (ChFS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Short Form-12, respectively. In addition, the functional status of the child with CP was evaluated with the gross motor function classification system, manual ability classification system (MACS), communication function classification system, and eating and drinking ability classification system. RESULTS According to CDC-1994 criteria, 80.4% of the participating mothers have CFS (n=45). While the mean ChFS and FSS scores of housewives were found to be significantly higher than those of full-time workers (p=0.002; p=0.003, respectively), the mean SF-12 MCS was found to be significantly lower (p=0.007). The rate of housewives was found to be significantly higher in those diagnosed with CFS (p<0.001). The relationship between independent variables and dependent variables data sets as a result of canonical correlation analysis was obtained as 0.815. While the variable with the highest effect among the independent variables is the MACS variable, the variable with the highest percentage of explanation for the dependent variables is ChFS. CONCLUSION The frequency of CFS is very high in mothers of children with CP, and the most important factors in the presence and severity of CFS are the mother’s occupational status and the child’s manual skills.
D-Allulose Ameliorates Dysregulated Macrophage Function and Mitochondrial NADH Homeostasis, Mitigating Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance

D-allulose, a rare sugar, has been proposed to have potential benefits in addressing metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which D-allulose influences obesity-induced insulin resistance. We conducted gene set enrichment analysis on the liver and white adipose tissue of mice exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) along with the white adipose tissue of individuals with obesity. Our study revealed that D-allulose effectively suppressed IFN-γ, restored chemokine signaling, and enhanced macrophage function in the livers of HFD-fed mice. This implies that D-allulose curtails liver inflammation, alleviating insulin resistance and subsequently impacting adipose tissue. Furthermore, D-allulose supplementation improved mitochondrial NADH homeostasis and translation in both the liver and white adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. Notably, we observed decreased NADH homeostasis and mitochondrial translation in the omental tissue of insulin-resistant obese subjects compared to their insulin-sensitive counterparts. Taken together, these results suggest that supplementation with allulose improves obesity-induced insulin resistance by mitigating the disruptions in macrophage and mitochondrial function. Furthermore, our data reinforce the crucial role that mitochondrial energy expenditure plays in the development of insulin resistance triggered by obesity.
A new U–Pb zircon age for an ash layer at the Bathonian–Callovian boundary, Argentina

A U–Pb zircon age of 164.64 ± 0.2 Ma (95% confidence level) is reported for an ash bed, at the Bathonian–Callovian (late Middle Jurassic) boundary, determined by isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry from individual, chemically abraded grains. The volcanic ash layer occurs within the Chacay Melehue Formation, Chacay Melehue section, Neuquén Province, central west Argentina, above the last record of ammonites of the regional Lilloettia steinmanni Standard Zone, and, stratigraphically, where the first of those of the regional Eurycephalites vergarensis Standard Zone appears, generally referred to as the uppermost Bathonian and the lowermost Callovian, respectively. This ash layer represents the only known datable horizon worldwide that is directly related to a well-documented ammonite faunal succession at this boundary. The U–Pb zircon age is older than one previously reported for the same bed and closer to an estimation of 164.7 ± 4 Ma for the boundary based on the scaling durations of ammonite zones to their subzones in the sub-boreal standard zonation. The new age agrees better with the age model for the Oxfordian through Bathonian M-sequence magnetic anomalies in the Pacific and contributes to the radioisotopic age calibration of the Jurassic time scale.
Phase relation and mineral chemistry in pyrolite to 2200°C under the lower mantle pressures and implications for dynamics of mantle plumes

[1] Phase relations in pyrolite were studied at pressures of 24 and 30 GPa and temperatures up to 2200°C. At 24 GPa and 1600°C, an assemblage of Mg-perovskite, magnesiowustite, Ca-perovskite, and garnet was observed, with the proportion of garnet increasing continuously with temperature. At 30 GPa, only the two perovskites and magnesiowustite were observed, and no significant changes in mineral proportions with temperature were observed. Iron was almost equally partitioned between Mg-perovskite and magnesiowustite at temperatures below about 1800°C at 24 and 30 GPa. With increasing temperature, however, iron was concentrated more in magnesiowustite at both of these pressures. The decrease of Al content in Mg-perovskite with temperature, which is caused by an increase in the proportion of garnet, is likely to be responsible for the iron partitioning behavior at 24 GPa, while the minor elements (Na, Al, and Cr) in magnesiowustite may play an important role in Fe partitioning at 30 GPa. The density difference between ascending hot plumes (ΔT = 200 and 400°C) and the surrounding mantle was calculated using the present experimental data. The density difference (ΔT = 400°C) at 30 GPa (806-km depth) is 0.06 g/cm3 but increases to 0.22 g/cm3 at 24 GPa (670-km depth). The large increase in the density difference that occurs in a hot plume at the uppermost part of the lower mantle originates from an increase of the proportion of garnet and may be a trigger for the plume's passage through the boundary between the lower mantle and the mantle transition zone.
The giant planet Jupiter

Part I. Observing Jupiter: 1. Observations from Earth 2. Observations from spacecraft Part II. The Visible Structure of the Atmosphere: 3. Horizontal structure: belts, currents, spots and storms 4. Vertical structure: colours and clouds Part III. The Observational Record of the Atmosphere: 5. The Polar Region 6. North North Temperate Regions (57-N to 35-N) 7. North Temperate Region (35-N to 23-N) 8. North Tropical Region (23-N to 9-N) 9. Equatorial Region (9-N to 9-S) 10. South Tropical Region (9-S to 27-S) 11. South Temperate Region (27-S to 37-S) 12. South South Temperate Region (37-S to 53-S) Part IV: The Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere: 13. Possible large-scale and long-term patterns 14. The dynamics of individual spots 15. Theoretical models of the atmosphere 16. The composition of the planet Part V. The Electrodynamic Environment of Jupiter: 17. Lights in the Jovian night 18. The magnetosphere and radiation belts Part VI. The Satellites: 19. The inner satellites and the ring 20. The Galilean satellites 21. Io 22. Europa 23. Ganymede 24. Callisto 25. The outer satellites Appendices: 1. Measurement of longitude 2. Measurement of latitude 3. Lists of apparitions and published reports 4. Bibliography (The planet) 5. Bibliography (The magnetosphere and satellites) Index.
Abrupt evolution of the summer Northern Hemisphere annular mode and its association with blocking

[1] Using reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmosperic Research, Boulder, Colorado, for the period from 1958 to 2005, we statistically analyzed the relationships of the summer Northern Hemisphere annular mode (summer NAM) with hemispheric-scale anomalous summer weather and the occurrence of blocking highs. The anomalous positive NAM (low-pressure anomaly in the Arctic and high-pressure anomaly in midlatitudes) accounts well for the hemispheric-scale weather associated with anomalous blocking between the polar and subtropical jets, whereas blocking rarely occurs during negative NAM periods. The double jet stream structure is more evident during periods of anomalous positive NAM than during periods of negative NAM. The surface temperatures associated with the anomalous positive NAM clearly show Europe to be hot and East Asia to be cool, as was the case during the anomalous summer of 2003. The occurrence of a positive summer NAM is therefore consistent with the hemispheric-scale anomalous summer weather associated with blocking in 2003. We investigated the abrupt evolution of atmospheric patterns and the geographic distribution of blocking highs associated with the development, maintenance, and decay periods of an anomalous positive NAM. During the development period, blocking tends to occur over Europe and the Atlantic Ocean, but no significant blocking signature is evident over eastern Eurasia. During the maintenance stage, blocking tends to occur in the Far East. During the decay stage, blocking over the Pacific region is obvious. This longitudinal migration of blocking phenomena may be used to predict the evolution through time of the NAM.
Un nuevo Trachytheriinae (Mammalia,Notoungulata) del Deseadense (Oligoceno tardío) de Patagonia, Argentina: implicancias en la filogenia, biogeografía y bioestratigrafía de los Mesotheriidae

Una mandibula incompleta de un Trachytheriinae de Edad deseadense recolectada por Carlos Ameghino en Cabeza Blanca, Provincia de Chubut, Argentina, es asignada a Anatrachytherus soria gen et sp. nov. Florentino Ameghino la ilustro, refiriendola a Trachytherus spegazzinianus Ameghino, un taxon caracteristico de la Edad deseadense (Oligoceno tardio) de Argentina y Bolivia. Algunas caracteristicas de A. soriai, e.g., cuerpo mandibular mas corto, i1-2 poco procumbentes, formula dentaria mas completa, corto diastema entre i2 y canino y m3 mas corto que el m2, sugieren que se trata de un taxon mas primitivo que T. spegazzinianus. El analisis filogenetico sobre la base de 39 caracteres craneanos y dentarios sustenta la monofilia de esta especie, con una sola sinapomorfia, y una relacion proxima de grupo hermano con Trachytherus. El analisis de parsimonia tambien sugiere que Mesotheriidae es el clado que contiene el ancestro comun mas reciente con Trachytherus? mendocensis, Anatrachytherus y Trachytherus y todos sus descendientes incluyendo a Mesotheriinae. La ausencia de mesoteridos en las SALMAs ('South American Land Mammal Age') Colhuehuapense y Santacrucense en Patagonia y las relaciones estratigraficas y filogeneticas de los Mesotheriinae, sugieren que el Altiplano chileno y boliviano habria actuado biogeograficamente como centro de origen y dispersion de los Mesotheriinae (clado hipselodonte). Trachytherus spegazzinianus Ameghino posee uno de los mas completos registros estratigraficos en Bolivia y Argentina. El paracron de esta especie se define entre 27,6 (Pico Truncado, Argentina) y 24,8 Ma (Salla, Bolivia). Por lo tanto, es recomendable el uso de este taxon para caracterizar la fauna del Oligoceno asignada a la Edad deseadense en Patagonia y Bolivia.
Comparison of Lipid Profile in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Patients with Healthy Periodontium

Introduction: A positive relationship has been established between periodontal infections and cardiovascular diseases. Among various aetiological factors of cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidaemia is a major cause. This study aims to compare the lipid profile in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontium. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the lipid profile in patients with periodontitis and healthy periodontium. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to January 2021 among a total of 54 subjects recruited in the study who were divided into two groups: chronic periodontitis (CP) group (27 patients) and periodontally healthy group: 27 systemically healthy subjects with healthy periodontium. The periodontal parameters recorded were Plaque index (PI), Gingival index, Probing pocket depth, and Clinical attachment level. Serum levels of lipid profile were measured by enzymatic colorimetric method. Results: The results showed that mean values of triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein were higher in CP group than periodontally healthy group with significant difference. The mean value of high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein was lower in CP group than periodontally healthy group and the mean value of total cholesterol was higher in CP group than in periodontally healthy group with no significant difference. Conclusions: Increased serum triglycerides was associated with chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis may cause an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
Seismic quiescence prior to the 2000 M=6.8 Nemuro Peninsula earthquake

We investigated the characteristics of the seismicity changes prior to the 2000M=6.8 Nemuro Peninsula earthquake by using the earthquake catalog of Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The JMA catalog is complete for all the events with M≥3.6 during January, 1984-March, 2000. The temporal variation of the number of earthquakes in the epicentral zone decreased significantly during 1995-1996. We applied another statistical method, called the RTL algorithm, to the same JMA earthquake catalog and found that a seismic quiescence started in 1995 and lasted till the end of 1996. A clear anomalous quiescence zone appeared around the epicenter in 1996. The maximum dimension of this quiescence zone is over 200km, several times larger than the rupture length of the main shock. These consistent results, which were obtained from different approaches, indicated that the seismic quiescence that occurred 3 years before the main shock reflected the preparation of the earthquake. Therefore, investigation of seismicity changes prior to the Nemuro Peninsula earthquake may provide useful information for understanding the physical nature of earthquake preparation.
Macroinvertebrate community structure and function associated with large wood in low gradient streams

Large woody debris (wood) plays a number of important roles in forested stream ecosystems. Wood in streams provides habitat and flow refugia for fish and invertebrates, and is a site of biofilm production that serves as food for grazing organisms. Logs added to streams are rapidly colonized by invertebrates, and this habitat alteration is accompanied by changes in community composition and functional processes. A multiple habitat, qualitative sampling approach was employed to evaluate macroinvertebrate communities associated with wood habitats in 71 stream reaches in central Michigan and southeastern Minnesota, two agricultural regions in the midwestern United States. Macroinvertebrate taxa were classified with respect to behaviour (e.g. sprawler, clinger, swimmer), as well as trophic/feeding characteristics. These traits were used to examine community structure as a function of wood abundance and distribution. Although wood is not abundant in these streams and logs are generally small in size, wood is a very important habitat in both Michigan and Minnesota: 86% and 95% of the total taxa encountered at Michigan and Minnesota study sites, respectively, were found in wood habitats. Differences in regional patterns in the distribution of taxa across habitats were observed between Michigan and Minnesota. These are believed to result from differences in the number of habitat types available, and the dominant substrate composition. Local invertebrate diversity increased in Michigan, but not Minnesota, with the presence of wood habitats in streams. The presence of wood at a site increased the average taxa richness by 15 and 10 taxa in Michigan and Minnesota, respectively. Macroinvertebrate behavioural attributes and functional traits associated with wood habitats suggest that community traits may vary due to both local difference in flow and the location of wood in the channel. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Native plant revegetation manual for Denali National Park and Preserve

Abstract : This manual describes methods to revegetate subarctic sites with native plants. The information is based on 20 years of research and revegetation projects in Denali National Park and Preserve and other Alaskan sites. The manual summanzes information about subarctic ecosystems and discusses using this information to evaluate disturbed sites and plan revegetation projects. Revegetation techniques addressed include promoting natural revegetation, legume and wheatgrass seeding plant salvage and transplant, bioengineering, container-grown plants, alder seedlings, and willow cuttings. The appendixes present long-term data for two specific vegetation projects and for each of the 46 native plant species that have been tested or used for revegetation.
Granite suites and supersuites of eastern Australia

Separate granite plutons in southeastern Australia can commonly be grouped into suites on the basis of shared similarities in field, petrographic and compositional data. Granites in different plutons of the same suite share common properties or exhibit a sequence of such features. Rocks of the same suite are cogenetic, but the details of their genesis need not be known or agreed on, to group granite units in such a way. These rocks are cogenetic in the sense that they shared a similar petrogenesis and were derived from source materials of essentially the same composition, whereas differences between suites reflect analogous differences in their source rocks. The term suite is lithologic or lithodemic in a stratigraphic sense and is closely analogous to the lithostratigraphic term group. As such, the plutons within a suite need not be of the same age, and age is not a factor in recognising a suite. However, the fact that the petrogenesis of the components of a suite resulted in such similar products means that their ages are likely to be similar. Granite plutons that share many similar features, but which also show distinct differences and which may be assigned to more than one suite, may be grouped into supersuites. The allocation of granites to suites is fundamental to understanding their petrogenesis. Suites vary in the complexity of their compositional variation. Simple suites show variations in element abundances that are highly correlated and the dispersion of composition within such suites is considered to result from varying degrees of fractionation of entrained restite from a melt. Intricate suites vary in composition in more complex ways and their variation is considered to be a consequence of processes such as fractional crystallisation. Any mineralisation is generally associated with intricate suites, and the occurrence of mineralisation and its precise character is generally specific to particular suites.