Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete chloroplast genome of sageretia thea (rhamnaceae), an ornamental fruit and medicinal tree

Abstract Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C. Johnst (1968) is an important fruit and medicinal species of Rhamnaceae family. The complete chloroplast genome (cp) of Sageretia genus was sequenced and reported for the first time in this study. The cp genome had a total length of 161,352 bp, consisting of a largesingle-copy (LSC) region of 89,802 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,914 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions totaling 26,318 bp. The plastid genome contained 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome was found to be 37.10%. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparison with 27 chloroplast genomes revealed that S. thea is closely related to genera Rhamnus and Berchemia. The findings of this study can provide fundamental insights for the conservation, exploitation, and systematic genomic investigation of Rhamnus plants.
Genome-Wide Investigation of the PLD Gene Family in Tomato: Identification, Analysis, and Expression

Phospholipase Ds (PLDs) are important phospholipid hydrolases in plants that play crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. In this study, 14 PLD genes were identified in the tomato genome and were localized on eight chromosomes, and one tandem-duplicated gene pair was identified. According to a phylogenetic analysis, the genes were categorized into four subtypes: SlPLDα, β, and δ belonged to the C2-PLD subfamily, while SlPLDζ belonged to the PXPH-PLD subfamily. The gene structure and protein physicochemical properties were highly conserved within the same subtype. The promoter of all the SlPLD genes contained hormone-, light-, and stress-responsive cis-acting regulatory elements, but no significant correlation between the number, distribution, and type of cis-acting elements was observed among the members of the same subtype. Transcriptome data showed that the expression of the SlPLD genes was different in multiple tissues. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the SlPLD genes responded positively to cold, salt, drought, and abscisic acid treatments, particularly to salt stress. Different expression patterns were observed for different genes under the same stress, and for the same gene under different stresses. The results provide important insights into the functions of SlPLD genes and lay a foundation for further studies of the response of SlPLD genes to abiotic stresses.
Modeling Morphologically Rich Languages Using Split Words and Unstructured Dependencies

We experiment with splitting words into their stem and suffix components for modeling morphologically rich languages. We show that using a morphological analyzer and disambiguator results in a significant perplexity reduction in Turkish. We present flexible n-gram models, Flex-Grams, which assume that the n -- 1 tokens that determine the probability of a given token can be chosen anywhere in the sentence rather than the preceding n -- 1 positions. Our final model achieves 27% perplexity reduction compared to the standard n-gram model.
Extracellular Vesicles from Cerebrospinal Fluid of Leptomeningeal Metastasis Patients Deliver MiR-21 and Induce Methotrexate Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a common and fatal complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) caused by the spread of malignant cells to the leptomeninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). While intra-CSF methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy can improve prognosis, eventual MTX resistance deters continued chemotherapy. Recent studies have shown that increased miRNA-21 (miR-21) expression in the CSF of patients with LM after intraventricular MTX-chemotherapy is associated with poor overall survival; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance are poorly understood. Here, we confirm, in 36 patients with NSCLC-LM, that elevated miR-21 expression prior to treatment correlates with poor prognosis. MiR-21 overexpression or sponging results in a corresponding increase or decrease in MTX resistance, demonstrating that cellular miR-21 expression correlates with drug resistance. MiR-21-monitoring sensor and fluorescent extracellular vesicle (EV) staining revealed that EV-mediated delivery of miR-21 could modulate MTX resistance. Moreover, EVs isolated from the CSF of LM patients containing miR-21 could enhance the cell proliferation and MTX resistance of recipient cells. These results indicate that miR-21 can be transferred from cell-to-cell via EVs and potentially modulate MTX sensitivity, suggesting that miR-21 in CSF EVs may be a prognostic and therapeutic target for overcoming MTX resistance in patients with NSCLC-LM.
A novel algorithm for circular and noncircular signals without knowing the number of sources with Mrla

This paper focuses on the direction of arrival (DOA) under the circumstance of mixed circular and noncircular sources with Minimum-Redundancy Linear Array(MRLA). By exploiting receiving signal data and its conjugate,the proposed algorithm can augment the maximum number of detectable sources.Using the weighted MUSIC algorithm during the whole space, the proposed scheme can obtain perfect quality for MRLA without knowing the number of sources. Simulation results clearly show that the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Magnetic exchange coupling in chloride-bridged 5f-3d heterometallic complexes generated via insertion into a uranium(IV) dimethylpyrazolate dimer.

The homoleptic dimer complex [U(Me2Pz)4]2 (Me2Pz− = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate) was obtained upon reacting UCl4 with KMe2Pz in THF, followed by extraction into toluene. The structure of the dimer consists of two UIV centers, each coordinated in a pseudo trigonal bipyramidal geometry, connected through two bridging Me2Pz- ligands. Bases are capable of cleaving the dimer; for example, reaction with THF affords the mononuclear complex (Me2Pz)4U(THF). More importantly, the dimer can be cleaved via insertion of terminal chloride ligands, such that reactions with (cyclam)MCl2 (M = Ni, Cu, Zn; cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) in dichloromethane generate the linear, chloride-bridged clusters (cyclam)M[(μ-Cl)U(Me2Pz)4]2. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data were collected for all three clusters to probe any possible magnetic exchange coupling. The data for the cluster centered by an S = 0 ZnII ion exhibit behavior typical of UIV complexes, with χMT decreasing steadily as the temperature drops.
Estimating turnover and industry longevity of Canadian sex workers

How long indoor sex workers stay employed in collectives is a poorly understood aspect of sex worker agency in industrialized democracies. This study provides estimates of turnover, the rate at which workers leave employment, using a subsample of 76 collectives representing 3545 workers over a one-year period. All the collectives provided data on individual workers via external websites. The collectives were identified in a larger random sample of 783 advertisers from a popular Canadian classifieds site used by sex workers, all of whom provided URLs as part of their ad contact information. Monthly between October 2022 and October 2023, individual workers associated with the subsample of advertisers were identified from web pages maintained by these advertisers and scheduling data was collected where available. Worker turnover was estimated based on whether workers were visible one month to the next. Over the year, estimated turnover ranged from 12.0% to 16.0% (mean 14.2% SD 1.1%). Turnover was not affected by month or number of workers in the collectives. Mean 41.1% workers (SD 23.5%, N = 51 advertisers) were scheduled on any given day. Workers were visible for a mean 5.5 months (SD 4.5) with those visible for one month being the largest single group. Most sex workers in collectives are likely not permanent full time employees, and the extremely brief work histories of many suggest that failure in the industry may be common for this subpopulation.
On Constructing Facial Similarity Maps

Automatically determining facial similarity is a difficult and open question in computer vision. The problem is complicated both because it is unclear what facial features humans use to determine facial similarity and because facial similarity is subjective in nature: similarity judgements change from person to person. In this work we suggest a system which places facial similarity on a solid computational footing. First we describe methods for acquiring facial similarity ratings from humans in an efficient manner. Next we show how to create feature vector representations for each face by extracted patches around facial key-points. Finally we show how to use the acquired similarity ratings to learn functional mapping which project facial-feature vectors into face spaces which correspond to our notions of facial similarity. We use different collections of images to both create and validate the face spaces including: perceptual similarity data obtained from humans, morphed faces between two different individuals, and the CMU PIE collection which contains images of the same individual under different lighting conditions. We demonstrate that using our methods we can effectively create face spaces which correspond to human notions of facial similarity.
Parietal theta burst TMS does not modulate bistable perception

Abstract The role of the parietal cortex in perceptual awareness and in resolving perceptual ambiguity is unsettled. Early influential transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have revealed differences in conscious perception following parietal stimulation, fuelling the notion that parietal cortex causally contributes to resolving perceptual ambiguity. However, central to this conclusion is the reliability of the method employed. Several prior studies have revealed opposing effects, such as shortening, lengthening, or no effect on multistable perceptual transitions following parietal stimulation. Here we addressed the reliability of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) on parietal cortex on the perception of bistable stimuli. We conducted three cTBS experiments that were matched to prior experiments in terms of stimuli, stimulation protocol, and target site, and used a higher number of participants. None of our cTBS experiments replicated prior cTBS results. The only experiment using individual functional localizers led to weak effects, while the two others led to null results. Individual variability of motor cortex cTBS did not predict parietal cTBS effects. In view of recent reports of highly variable cTBS effects over motor cortex, our results suggest that cTBS is particularly unreliable in modulating bistable perception when applied over parietal cortex.
Biomaterials in Drug Delivery: Advancements in Cancer and Diverse Therapies—Review

Nano-sized biomaterials are innovative drug carriers with nanometric dimensions. Designed with biocompatibility in mind, they enable precise drug delivery while minimizing side effects. Controlled release of therapeutic substances enhances efficacy, opening new possibilities for treating neurological and oncological diseases. Integrated diagnostic-therapeutic nanosystems allow real-time monitoring of treatment effectiveness, which is crucial for therapy personalization. Utilizing biomaterials as nano-sized carriers in conjunction with drugs represents a promising direction that could revolutionize the field of pharmaceutical therapy. Such carriers represent groundbreaking drug delivery systems on a nanometric scale, designed with biocompatibility in mind, enabling precise drug delivery while minimizing side effects. Using biomaterials in synergy with drugs demonstrates significant potential for a revolutionary impact on pharmaceutical therapy. Conclusions drawn from the review indicate that nano-sized biomaterials constitute an innovative tool that can significantly improve therapy effectiveness and safety, especially in treating neurological and oncological diseases. These findings should guide researchers towards further studies to refine nano-sized biomaterials, assess their effectiveness under various pathological conditions, and explore diagnostic-therapeutic applications. Ultimately, these results underscore the promising nature of nano-sized biomaterials as advanced drug carriers, ushering in a new era in nanomedical therapy.
High-energy-resolution off-resonant spectroscopy with self-seeded x-ray free-electron laser pulses

This paper presents the implementation of high-energy-resolution off-resonant spectroscopy (HEROS) measurements using self-seeded x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses. This study systematically investigated XFEL conditions, including photon energy and accumulated shot numbers, to optimize the measurement efficiency for copper foil samples near the K-edge. The x-ray absorption spectra reconstructed using HEROS were compared with those derived from fluorescence-yield measurements. The HEROS-based spectra exhibited consistent line shapes independent of the sample thickness. The potential application of HEROS to high-temperature copper was also explored. HEROS offers distinct advantages including scan-free measurement of x-ray absorption spectra with reduced core-hole lifetime broadening and self-absorption effects. Using self-seeded XFEL pulses, HEROS facilitates single-shot-based pump–probe measurements to investigate the ultrafast dynamics in various materials and diverse conditions.
Influenza vaccination coverage and factors affecting adherence to influenza vaccination among patients with diabetes in Taiwan

The purpose of this study was to investigate influenza vaccination coverage and the factors influencing acceptance of influenza vaccination among patients with diabetes in Taiwan using the Health Belief Model (HBM). From January 1 to February 28, 2012, 700 patients with diabetes who visited National Cheng Kung University Hospital were invited to participate in the study. A total of 691 (99%) patients with diabetes were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 64.7 years (SD = 10.7). The percentages of patients with diabetes who received seasonal influenza vaccination were 31%, 33%, and 35% in 2009–2010, 2010–2011, and 2011–2012, respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed that patients with diabetes who were female, were older, had comorbidities, had a more positive perception of the benefits of the influenza vaccine and had lower perceived barriers to influenza vaccination were more likely to receive the influenza vaccine in 2011–2012 (adjusted R2 = 0.47; Chi-square = 276.50; P < 0.001). Patients with diabetes perceived the risk of swine influenza to be similar to that of seasonal influenza. Consequently, in the absence of an increase in the perceived risk of influenza, a low level of actual vaccination against seasonal influenza is forecasted. Strategies to improve the uptake of influenza vaccination include interventions that highlight the risk posed by pandemic influenza while simultaneously offering tactics to ameliorate this risk.
The role of transcriptional regulation in the evolution of plant phenotype : a dynamic systems approach

A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations in transcriptional regulation of genes involved in modulating development are an important part of phenotypic evolution, and this can be documented among species and within populations. While the effects of differential transcriptional regulation in organismal development have been preferentially studied in animal systems, this phenomenon has also been addressed in plants. In this review, we summarize evidence for cis-regulatory mutations, trans-regulatory changes and epigenetic modifications as molecular events underlying important phenotypic alterations, and thus shaping the evolution of plant development. We postulate that a mechanistic understanding of why such molecular alterations have a key role in development, morphology and evolution will have to rely on dynamic models of complex regulatory networks that consider the concerted action of genetic and non-genetic components, and that also incorporate the restrictions underlying the genotype to phenotype mapping process.
Transfemoral prosthetic simulators versus amputees: ground reaction forces and spatio-temporal parameters in gait

This study aimed to compare the ground reaction forces (GRFs) and spatio-temporal parameters as well as their asymmetry ratios in gait between individuals wearing a transfemoral prosthetic simulator (TFSim) and individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation (TFAmp) across a range of walking speeds (2.0–5.5 km h−1). The study recruited 10 non-disabled individuals using TFSim and 10 individuals with unilateral TFAmp using a transfemoral prosthesis. Data were collected using an instrumented treadmill with built-in force plates, and subsequently, the GRFs and spatio-temporal parameters, as well as their asymmetry ratios, were analysed. When comparing the TFSim and TFAmp groups, no significant differences were found among the gait parameters and asymmetry ratios of all tested metrics except the vertical GRFs. The TFSim may not realistically reproduce the vertical GRFs during the weight acceptance and push-off phases. The structural and functional variations in prosthetic limbs and components between the TFSim and TFAmp groups may be primary contributors to the difference in the vertical GRFs. These results suggest that TFSim might be able to emulate the gait of individuals with TFAmp regarding the majority of spatio-temporal and GRF parameters. However, the vertical GRFs of TFSim should be interpreted with caution.
Spatial Association Between Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Incident Hypertension

Background— Laboratory studies suggest that exposure to fine particulate matter (⩽2.5 &mgr;m in diameter) (PM2.5) can trigger a combination of pathophysiological responses that may induce the development of hypertension. However, epidemiological evidence relating PM2.5 and hypertension is sparse. We thus conducted a population-based cohort study to determine whether exposure to ambient PM2.5 is associated with incident hypertension. Methods and Results— We assembled a cohort of 35 303 nonhypertensive adults from Ontario, Canada, who responded to 1 of 4 population-based health surveys between 1996 and 2005 and were followed up until December 31, 2010. Incident diagnoses of hypertension were ascertained from the Ontario Hypertension Database, a validated registry of persons diagnosed with hypertension in Ontario (sensitivity=72%, specificity=95%). Estimates of long-term exposure to PM2.5 at participants’ postal-code residences were derived from satellite observations. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for various individual and contextual risk factors including body mass index, smoking, physical activity, and neighbourhood-level unemployment rates. We conducted various sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the effect estimate, such as investigating several time windows of exposure and controlling for potential changes in the risk of hypertension over time. Between 1996 and 2010, we identified 8649 incident cases of hypertension and 2296 deaths. For every 10-µg/m3 increase of PM2.5, the adjusted hazard ratio of incident hypertension was 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.22). Estimated associations were comparable among all sensitivity analyses. Conclusions— This study supports an association between PM2.5 and incident hypertension.
Monocytes Count, NLR, MLR and PLR in Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Simple Summary Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder in dogs. Hematological ratios, in particular red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), are considered cost-effective predictors of clinical disease activity in human patients with IBD and Crohn’s disease. This study evaluated the diagnostic value of hematological parameters and ratios in 85 client-owned dogs, comparing 60 dogs with IBD to 25 clinically healthy dogs. Monocytes count and the hematological ratios MLR, NLR, and PLR can be useful in the diagnostic work-up of dogs with IBD. Abstract This is an observational retrospective study on 85 client-owned dogs, 60 with IBD and 25 clinically healthy dogs. This study aims to assess the clinical relevance of some easy to obtain and cost-effective hematological parameters including red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in dogs with IBD. Comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters between dogs with IBD and control dogs was carried out and the ability to distinguish between these two groups of dogs was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUCROC). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis estimated the odds ratio (OR) of developing IBD with a 95% confidence interval (CI). MLR and monocytes count had the highest accuracy in facilitating the discrimination of dogs with IBD from control dogs with an AUCROC of 0.839 and 0.787 at the cut-off of >0.14% and >3.7 cells*102/µL, respectively. According to two multivariable models, monocytes count (OR = 1.29; p = 0.016), NLR (OR = 1.80; p = 0.016), and MLR > 0.14 (OR = 8.07; p < 0.001) and PLR > 131.6 (OR = 4.35; p = 0.024) were significant and independent predictors of IBD for models one and two, respectively. Monocytes count and the hematological ratios MLR, NLR, and PLR can be useful in the diagnostic work-up of dogs with IBD.
Unsupervised Semantic Parsing of Video Collections

Human communication typically has an underlying structure. This is reflected in the fact that in many user generated videos, a starting point, ending, and certain objective steps between these two can be identified. In this paper, we propose a method for parsing a video into such semantic steps in an unsupervised way. The proposed method is capable of providing a semantic "storyline" of the video composed of its objective steps. We accomplish this utilizing both visual and language cues in a joint generative model. The proposed method can also provide a textual description for each of identified semantic steps and video segments. We evaluate this method on a large number of complex YouTube videos and show results of unprecedented quality for this new and impactful problem.
Multi-scale object detection in UAV images based on adaptive feature fusion

With the widespread use of UAVs, UAV aerial image target detection technology can be used for practical applications in the military, traffic planning, personnel search and rescue and other fields. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale UAV aerial image detection method based on adaptive feature fusion for solving the problem of detecting small target objects in UAV aerial images. This method automatically adjusts the convolution kernel receptive field and reduces the redundant background of the image by adding an adaptive feature extraction module (AFEM) to the backbone network. This enables it to obtain more accurately and effectively small target feature information. In addition, we design an adaptive feature weighted fusion network (SBiFPN) to effectively enhance the representation of shallow feature information of small targets. Finally, we add an additional small target detection scale to the original network to expand the receptive field of the network and strengthen the detection of small target objects. The training and testing are carried out on the VisDrone public dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 38.5% mAP, which is 2.0% higher than the baseline network YOLOv5s, and can still detect the UAV aerial image well in complex scenes.