Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Obstetrical Lethality in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado OUEDRAOGO (UTH-YO)

Objectives: Analyze the determinants of obstetric lethality in the Department of Obstetrical Gynecology at the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado OUEDRAOGO (UTH-YO) of Ouagadougou from 2015 to 2018. Methodology: We conducted an analytical, descriptive cross-sectional study on maternal deaths in the UTH-YO. The data were collected retrospectively. All patients meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of maternal death and patients who died as a result of direct obstetric complications in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics at the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado OUEDRAOGO (UTH-YO) of Ouagadougou from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 were included. Results: We recorded 484 maternal deaths and 22947 births, for a maternal mortality ratio of 2109 deaths per 100,000 live births (NV). Patients who died as a result of direct obstetric complications accounted for 412 out of 10,564 cases, representing an obstetric lethality rate of 3.9%. These were patients with an average age of 27.6 years, without income generating activities (93.6%), nulliparous and pauciparous patients respectively (26%) and (31%). Most of them came from health facilities in the city of Ouagadougou (50%). The 4 main causes of death were haemorrhages (29.7%), hypertensive disorders (20.8%), abortion complications (16.8%) and infections (14%) respectively. The most lethal causes were thromboembolic pathology (27.27%), infections (13%), abortion complications (7.6%), bleeding (5.4%) and hypertensive disorders (4.2%). The notion of the 3 delays, the insufficient technical platform, the lack of financial resources and the lack of staff qualification were the contributing factors to the causes of death. Conclusion: From our study, it appears, as elsewhere, that most maternal deaths are preventable, hence the need for coordinated action to take effective action against maternal mortality.
Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Interventions for Fear of Childbirth, Anxiety and Fear in Pregnant Women

Background: Fears and anxieties during pregnancy and childbirth are a frequent phenomenon and can have negative consequences on wellbeing, psychological health and birth outcomes. Therefore, it is important to focus on the interventions to reduce those fears and anxieties during pregnancy and childbirth. A systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature on psychological interventions to reduce anxieties and fears during pregnancy and childbirth. Scopus and PubMed were searched from 2015 up until December 2020 for relevant studies. Included were pregnant women, with no restriction on age ranges or parity. Entered in the review were quantitative studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials as well as treatment evaluations. After reviewing titles, abstracts and studies, 72 studies were included in this review as they met the inclusion criteria. Standard methodological procedures for systematic reviews were used. The quality assessment of included articles was done by using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (EPHPP). Results: The main results of this review concern the fear and anxiety reducing effects of psychoeducation, relaxation techniques, guided imagery, supportive care through a midwife, group discussion, “lifestyle based education”, writing therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy groups and stress intervention, individual structured psychotherapy, communication skills training, counseling approaches (except distraction techniques), a motivational interviewing psychotherapy, emotional freedom techniques, breathing awareness and different hypnotherapeutic techniques on different fears and anxieties during pregnancy and childbirth. For mindfulness-based interventions mixed results are found. The effect of an acceptance and commitment therapy, biofeedback interventions, a mind body intervention, mental health training courses, the group intervention Nyytti® as well as cognitive analytic therapy is unclear, due to weak ratings. Antenatal class attendance reduced delivery fear significantly only in first time mothers. An internet-based problem-solving treatment did not reduce anxiety during pregnancy. Conclusion: A broad range of interventions show positive effects on fear of childbirth and fear and anxiety in pregnancy. Further research should address other acknowledged psychotherapeutic practices, like psycho-dynamic as well as systemic interventions, as they are underrepresented within this review. Furthermore , there is a need for manualized therapeutic interventions, with regards to a combination of effective intervention components.
Application of the differential effective medium theory to determine fluid saturation and crack density from measured P- and S-wave velocities

The differential effective medium (DEM) theory studied in this paper describes elastic moduli of a fractured medium with help of differential equations, where crack density is the independent variable and fluid saturation is a parameter. The effective medium is isotropic for randomly oriented flat ellipsoidal cracks and thus fully characterized by two elastic constants. In this article we derive an analytical solution of the equation for Poisson’s ratio and we transform the differential equation for Young’s modulus into a non-linear algebraic equation. Fluid saturation and crack density can then be determined from measured wave propagation velocities by a simple algorithm. We also derive approximate solutions for elastic moduli as a function of crack density and saturation, which allows to quantify the uncertainty of the result due to measurement errors. The DEM theory leads to higher crack densities than the self-consistent method and to lower crack densities than the non-interacting theory for measured elastic moduli, while all three methods give similar fluid saturation fractions. As an example of application of our theoretical results, we study weathered granite in the Strengbach water catchment in the Vosges mountains in France. We have performed full waveform sonic logging measurements in an 86-m-deep borehole located at an altitude of 1130 m above sea level, which is used for hydrogeophysical and geochemical studies of a granitic aquifer. The logging data allows us to investigate P and S waves in the depth range between 40 and 80 m. The P- and S-wave propagation velocities take average values of 5.0 and 2.7 km s–1, respectively, with the highest values of 5.8 and 3.2 km s–1 at 75–80 m depth. From these velocities we obtain a water saturation of 75 ± 25 per cent. The crack density describes the degree of weathering of the granite, which generally decreases with depth, but takes high values near layers of strongly weathered granite. Crack density is on average 0.5, with the highest value of 1.0 at 65 m and the lowest value of 0.2 at 75 m depth. The analysis of the full waveform logging data by the DEM method supports results from previous geochemical and hydrological studies in the Strengbach catchment which concluded that water is stored in deeper layers of the granitic aquifer.
GERMINATION BEHAVIOR OF CASSIA TORA SEEDS IN VARIOUS PRE-SOWING TREATMENT METHODS

Cassia tora seeds, like those of many leguminous species, have hard and impermeable coats. Germination is thought to be enhanced when seeds are scarified or soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid or hot water. This experiment shows the effect of various presown treatments on C. tora with respect to its germination behavior. Germination percentages were significantly affected by different pretreatments in C. tora. A 24 h soaking after mechanical scarification showed a significant level of improved germination (76.88%) when compared to all other treatments. Acid treatment showed the same level of significant in germination percentage when the seeds were treated for 5 and 10 min. Though hot water treatment showed an increased percentage of germination at 50°C (44.54%), further increase in temperature drastically reduced the germination. Alcohol treatment did not show any significant increase in germination percentage when compared to control but reduced the germination at prolonged exposure.
Acoustic evidence for affix classes: A case study of Brazilian Portuguese

In languages that assign stress differently according to morphological structure, affixes often fall into different categories. In Brazilian Portuguese, normal suffix words have one stress (Base: [k a ˈ f ε ] ‘coffee’; suffixed: [k a fe-ˈ tej ɾ a ] ‘coffee pot’). Special suffix words are claimed to have two stresses, one of which falls in the same location as in the independent base ([k a ˌ f ε - ˈ z ˜ i ɲ u] ‘coffee-dim ’). The special suffixes include diminutive - (z)inho , superlative -íssimo , and adverbial -mente . This paper reports on a production study showing that stress maintenance on the base of special suffix words is acoustically present through longer duration and marginally higher intensity, and through maintenance of vowel height for mid vowels. Phonologically, the special suffixes are often analyzed as attaching to an independent prosodic word base (e.g. Collischonn 1994; Moreno 1997; Vigário 2003; Guzzo 2018). I cast the analysis in Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993): the phonological differences between special and normal suffixes are due to morphosyntactic differences. Under this analysis, differences between special and normal suffixes are principled rather than arbitrary. Morphological and prosodic structure are both necessary, and prosodic structure mediates between morphology and phonological processes.
The computation and suspension of presuppositions by L1-Mandarin Chinese L2-English speakers

The Interface Hypothesis proposes that second language (L2) learners, even at highly proficient levels, often fail to integrate information at the external interfaces where grammar interacts with other cognitive systems. While much early L2 work has focused on the syntax–discourse interface or scalar implicatures at the semantics–pragmatics interface, the present article adds to this line of research by exploring another understudied phenomenon at the semantics–pragmatics interface, namely, presuppositions. Furthermore, this study explores both inference computation and suspension via a covered-box picture-selection task. Specifically, this study investigates the interpretation of the presupposition trigger stop and stop under negation. The results from 38 native English speakers and 41 first language (L1) Mandarin Chinese learners of English indicated similar response patterns between native and L2 groups in computing presuppositions but not in suspending presuppositions. That is, L2 learners were less likely to suspend presuppositions than native speakers. This study contributes to a more precise understanding of L2 acquisition at the external interface level, as well as computation and suspension of pragmatic inferences.
Assessing the sensitivity of divergence time estimates to locus sampling, calibration points, and model priors in a RAD‐seq phylogeny of Carex section Schoenoxiphium

Restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) and related methods have become relatively common approaches to resolve species‐level phylogeny. It is not clear, however, whether RAD‐seq data matrices are well suited to relaxed clock inference of divergence times, given the size of the matrices and the abundance of missing data. We investigated the sensitivity of Bayesian relaxed clock estimates of divergence times to alternative analytical decisions on an empirical RAD‐seq phylogenetic matrix. We explored the relative contribution of secondary calibration strategies, amount of missing data, and the data partition analyzed to overall variance in divergence times inferred using BEAST MCMC analyses of Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cyperaceae)—a recent radiation for which we have nearly complete species sampling of RAD‐seq data. The crown node for Schoenoxiphium was estimated to be 15.22 (9.56–21.18) Ma using a single calibration point and low missing data, 11.93 (8.07–16.03) Ma using multiple calibration points and low missing data, and 8.34 (5.41–11.22) using multiple calibrations but high missing data. We found that using matrices with more than half of the individuals with missing data inferred younger mean ages for all nodes. Moreover, we have found that our molecular clock estimates are sensitive to the positions of the calibration(s) in our phylogenetic tree (using matrices with low missing data), especially when only a single calibration was applied to estimate divergence times. These results argue for sensitivity analyses and caution in interpreting divergence time estimates from RAD‐seq data.
University of Birmingham Differences in the on- and off-tumor microbiota between right- and left-sided colorectal cancer

This study aims to determine differences in the onand off-tumor microbiota between patients with rightand left-sided colorectal cancer. Microbiome profiling of tumor and tumor-adjacent biopsies from patients with right-sided (n = 17) and left-sided (n = 7) colorectal adenocarcinoma was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Off-tumor alpha and beta diversity were significantly different between rightand left-sided colorectal cancer patients. However, no differences in on-tumor diversity were observed between tumor locations. Comparing the off-tumor microbiota showed the right colon to be enriched with species of the Lachnoclostridium, Selenomonas, and Ruminococcus genera. Whereas the left colon is enriched with Epsilonbacteraeota phylum, Campylobacteria class, and Pasteurellales and Campylobacterales orders, in contrast, the on-tumor microbiota showed relatively fewer differences in bacterial taxonomy between tumor sites, with left tumors being enriched with Methylophilaceae and Vadin BE97 families and Alloprevotella, Intestinibacter, Romboutsia, and Ruminococcus 2 genera. Patients with left-sided colorectal cancer had large taxonomic differences between their paired onand off-tumor microbiota, while patients with right-sided colorectal cancer showed relatively fewer taxonomic differences. Collectively, this suggests that the right and left colon show distinctive bacterial populations; however, the presence of a colonic tumor leads to a more consistent microbiota between locations.
Edible Energy Production and Energy Return on Investment—Long-Term Analysis of Global Changes

The projected increase in the world’s population requires an increase in the production of edible energy that would meet the associated increased demand for food. However, food production is strongly dependent on the use of energy, mainly from fossil fuels, the extraction of which requires increasing input due to the depletion of the most easily accessible deposits. According to numerous estimations, the world’s energy production will be dependent on fossil fuels at least to 2050. Therefore, it is vital to increase the energy efficiency of production, including food production. One method to measure energy efficiency is the energy return on investment (EROI), which is the ratio of the amount of energy produced to the amount of energy consumed in the production process. The literature lacks comparable EROI calculations concerning global food production and the existing studies only include crop production. The aim of this study was to calculate the EROI of edible crop and animal production in the long term worldwide and to indicate the relationships resulting from its changes. The research takes into account edible crop and animal production in agriculture and the direct consumption of fossil fuels and electricity. The analysis showed that although the most underdeveloped regions have the highest EROI, the production of edible energy there is usually insufficient to meet the food needs of the population. On the other hand, the lowest EROI was observed in highly developed regions, where production ensures food self-sufficiency. However, the changes that have taken place in Europe since the 1990s indicate an opportunity to simultaneously reduce the direct use of energy in agriculture and increase the production of edible energy, thus improving the EROI.
The Effect of Remote Working on Employees Wellbeing and Work-Life Integration during Pandemic in Egypt

The study aims to enrich employers' understanding of how employees perceive remote working Post COVID-19's quarantine period and its effect on employees' psychological wellbeing and work-life integration in Egypt. A structured questionnaire was distributed post-COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period on a sample of 318 employees who are supposed to be working remotely in different sectors from home. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to test the research hypotheses. The results suggest a significant positive effect of employees' perception of remote working on psychological wellbeing and work-life integration. Simultaneously, there is a significant negative effect of employees' perception of remote working and emotional exhaustion. This study should help employers design the appropriate intervention plan to sustain operations and maintain effective communication with remote workers. It contributes to the literature by considering it as one of the growing empirical studies that will tackle remote working in relation to employee psychological wellbeing and work-life integration Post-COVID-19 quarantine period in Egypt. The majority of research nowadays tackling COVID-19 is from a biomedical perspective, focusing on physical and mental health, but this research will tackle COVID-19 from a psychological and managerial standpoint. The research results will assist researchers and practitioners in gaining insights into the future role of remote working.
Sensitivity of precipitation formation to secondary ice production in
winter orographic mixed-phase clouds

Abstract. The discrepancy between the observed concentration of ice nucleating particles (INPs) and the ice crystal number concentration (ICNC) remains unresolved and limits our understanding of ice formation and hence precipitation amount, location and intensity. Enhanced ice formation through secondary ice production (SIP) could be accounting for this discrepancy. Here, we present the results from a sensitivity model study in the Eastern Swiss Alps with additional simulated in-cloud SIP on precipitation formation and consequently on surface precipitation. The SIP processes considered include rime splintering, droplet shattering during freezing and breakup through ice-ice collisions. We simulated the passage of a cold front at Gotschnagrat, a peak at 2281 m above sea level (a.s.l.), on 7 March 2019 with COSMO, at a 1 km horizontal resolution, as part of the RACLETS field campaign in the Davos region in Switzerland. The largest simulated difference in the ICNC at the surface originated from the breakup simulations. Indeed, breakup caused a 1 to 3 order of magnitude increase in the ICNC compared to SIP from rime splintering or without SIP processes in the control simulations. The ICNCs from the collisional breakup simulations at Gotschnagrat were in better agreement with the ICNCs measured on a gondola near the surface. However, these simulations were not able to reproduce the ice crystal habits near the surface. Enhanced ICNCs from collisional breakup reduced localized regions of higher precipitation and thereby improving the model performance in terms of surface precipitation over the domain.
Large Roll Vortices Exhibited by Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy during Landfall

Roll vortices are frequent features of a hurricane’s boundary layer, with kilometer or sub-kilometer horizontal scale. In this study, we found that large roll vortices with O (10 km) horizontal wavelength occurred over land in Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) during landfall on New Jersey. Various characteristics of roll vortices were corroborated by analyses of Doppler radar observations, a 500 m resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation, and an idealized roll vortex model. The roll vortices were always linear-shaped, and their wavelengths of 5–14 km were generally larger than any previously published for a tropical cyclone over land. Based on surface wind observations and simulated WRF surface wind fields, we found that roll vortices significantly increased the probability of hazardous winds and likely caused the observed patchiness of treefall during Sandy’s landfall.
A cross-sectional study about socio-demographic factors and clinical characteristics of male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome

Background: Alcohol abuse is one of the major causes of death and disability globally; and a key risk factor for health, social, and economic problems in the communities. Consumption of alcohol by Indians has increased drastically due to various factors and in an unrestricted manner; and the age of initiation of drinking is progressively coming down. Objective: To determine the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patients coming for treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome in the psychiatry department. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 male outpatients of alcohol dependence syndrome attending the department of psychiatry at a tertiary care hospital. Sociodemographic data and clinical details were recorded with the help of a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: Nuclear family, family history of alcoholism, unmarried status, higher educational level, unemployment, and peer pressure are the factors significantly associated with early age at first drink and age of dependence on alcohol (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Adolescents having a family history of alcoholism are a high-risk group for developing alcohol dependence and should be targeted for intervention strategies. Community based-longitudinal studies are needed to understand multiple factors influencing alcohol use and recommend targeted preventive measures. Keywords: Alcohol, Alcohol dependence syndrome, Peer pressure, Intoxication, Socio-demographic factors
Assessment of Discretionary Lane-Changing Decisions using a Random Parameters Approach with Heterogeneity in Means and Variances

Lane-changing maneuvers on highways may cause capacity drops, create shock waves, and potentially increase collision risks. Properly managing lane-changing behavior to reduce these adverse impacts requires an understanding of their determinants. This paper investigates the determinants of lane changing in congested traffic using a next generation simulation dataset. A random parameters binary logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances was estimated to account for unobserved heterogeneity in lane-changing behavior across vehicles. Estimation results show that average headway, the original lane of the vehicle, driver acceleration/deceleration behavior, and vehicle size all significantly influence lane-changing probabilities. It was further found that the effect of vehicle size varied significantly across observations, that the mean of this variation decreased with increasing average headway, and the variance increased with increasing driver acceleration/deceleration. These empirical findings provide interesting new evidence on the determinants of lane changing, which can be used in traffic flow models to better replicate and predict traffic flow.