Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patients' experiences of recovery: Beyond the intensive care unit and into the community.

AIMS To understand barriers and facilitators of recovery for critical illness survivors', who are discharged home from the hospital and do not have access to dedicated outpatient care. DESIGN Multi-site descriptive study guided by interpretive phenomenology using semi-structured interviews. METHODS Interviews were conducted between December 2017 -July 2018. Eighteen participants were included. Data were collected from interview recordings, transcripts, field notes, and a retrospective chart review for sample demographics. Analysis was completed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis which provided a unique view of recovery through the survivors' personal experiences and perception of those experiences. RESULTS Participants encountered several barriers to their recovery; however, they were resilient and initiated ways to overcome these barriers and assist with their recovery. Facilitators of recovery experienced by survivors included seeking support from family and friends, lifestyle adaptations, and creative management of their multiple medical needs. Barriers included unmet needs experienced by survivors such as mental health issues, coordination of care, and spiritual needs. These unmet needs left participants feeling unsupported from healthcare providers during their recovery. CONCLUSION This study highlights important barriers and facilitators experienced by critical illness survivors during recovery that need be addressed by healthcare providers. New ways to support critical illness survivors, that can reach a broader population, must be developed and evaluated to support survivors during their recovery in the community. IMPACT This study addressed ICU survivors' barriers and facilitators to recovery. Participants encountered several barriers to recovery at home, such as physical, cognitive, psychosocial, financial, and transportation barriers, however, these survivors were also resilient and resourceful in the development of strategies to try to manage their recovery at home. These results will help healthcare providers develop interventions to better support ICU survivors in the community.
Modelling rock avalanches and their relation to permafrost degradation in glacial environments

High runout distances characterize landslides falling on glaciers because of (1) low friction offered by ice to sliding and (2) complex rock‐ice interactions that take place during mass motion. Block‐fall models (two (2D) and three dimensional (3D)) were tested on the 1936 Felik landslide (Mount Rosa Massif). Geotechnical parameters were assessed through a back‐analysis aided by field surveys, aerial photo and historical data analysis. Outcomes are verified for two rock‐ice avalanches which ran along the Brenva Glacier (Mount Blanc Massif) in 1920 and 1997. Empirical models show poor precision (75%). 3D numerical models are too complex but 2D ones gave results that pointed out that real runouts exceed predicted ones by 30%, possibly due to fluidization processes. Rock‐ice avalanches require attention because they originate in areas likely destined to experience permafrost degradation and glacier retreat. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinematic evolution of thrust‐related structures in the Umbro‐Romagnan parautochthon (northern Apennines, Italy)

In the internal part of the Umbro-Marchean-Romagnan Apennines, the foredeep clastic wedge constituting the Neogene part of the sedimentary cover is completely detached from the underlying Mesozoic–Palaeogene succession. The resulting (Umbro-Romagnan) parautochthon consists of tectonostratigraphic units with a general geometry of broad synclinal blocks separated by narrow faulted anticlines. Thrust-related structures observed in the field require thrust ramp propagation to have occurred within already folded rocks; therefore, they cannot be restored using simple fault-bend fold or fault-propagation folding models. Evidence for a passive fold origin in the studied rocks suggests that an early detachment folding episode preceded ramp propagation. The latter was facilitated by the enhanced thickness of incompetent material in the cores of detachment anticlines, which became the preferential sites where thrust ramps cut up-section. Depending on the trajectory of such thrust ramps, different types of fault-related structures could develop. Hanging-wall anticlines which give way to monoclinal structures higher up in the section are associated with listric thrust ramps, whereas hanging wall monoclines approximately parallel to the underlying fault surface are associated with straight-trajectory ramps. This kinematic evolution, which occurred partly during syn-depositional compression, also accounts for the observed lithofacies distribution. The latter reflects an early differentiation of the foredeep trough into sub-basins that are progressively younger towards the foreland. The detachment anticlines that originally bounded such sub-basins were the site of later thrust propagation, leading to a tectonic juxtaposition of different tectonostratigraphic units consisting of broad NW-SE elongate synclinal blocks.
The paleostress history of the Central European basin system

(TYPE=abstract)The Central European Basin System (CEBS) is a complex intracontinental system of sedimentary basins that have evolved through several geodynamic phases since Late Carboniferous times. The basin system is framed by the Tornquist Zone in the north and the Elbe Fault System in the south. The main structural configuration of the basin system is well established due to decades of scientific research and intense industrial exploration for mineral resources. The scope of this PhD thesis is to assess which paleostress fields controlled the evolution of the basin system. The present thesis introduces the “Stress Inversion via Simulation” (SVS) as a new strategy for estimating paleostress states. For a set of striated fault planes with known sense of slip (fault-slip data), this stepwise technique identifies the corresponding “reduced stress tensor” comprising (1) the directions of the principal stress axes with sigma1≥sigma2≥sigma3 and (2) the ratio of principal stress differences, R=(sigma2-sigma3)/(sigma1-sigma3). For heterogeneous fault-slip data, SVS separates the different corresponding “reduced stress tensors”. Any estimated stress tensor thereby fulfils both the criterion of low misfit angles and the criterion of high shear-to-normal-stress ratios for the associated fault-slip data. The base for the present study is provided by fault-slip data gathered from outcrops in the Elbe Fault System area (906 fault-slip data) and in the Oslo Graben area north of the Tornquist Zone (2191 data). 77 paleostress tensors have been estimated for the Elbe Fault System area and 194 tensors for the Oslo Graben area. These locally estimated stress states can be related to a small number of regionally traceable paleostress fields. The paleostress fields that have demonstrably controlled the Oslo Graben area include (1) a Caledonian compressional stress field with a horizontal NW-SE-directed sigma1, (2) a Permo-Carboniferous tensional stress field with a horizontal WNW-ESE-directed sigma3 (rifting phase) and (3) a (post? -)Permian wrench regime with a roughly N-S-directed sigma1. Thus, the Oslo Graben area probably remained widely unaffected by any major tectonic activity during much of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The regional stress fields reconstructed for the Elbe Fault System area comprise a compressional and a younger wrench regime both with a horizontal N S- to NE-SW-directed sigma1 and both related to the Late Cretaceous/Early Tertiary phase of basin inversion. Stress fields (wrench and tensional) that post-dated the inversion phase are much weaker, while signs of any pre-inversion stress fields have not been detected at all. While the Late Cretaceous/Early Tertiary phase of inversion widely overprinted traces of earlier deformation across the Elbe Fault System area, it had minor if not no effects on the Oslo Graben area. The respective strain localisation in particular zones of crustal weakness of the CEBS is one of the major aspects of the present study.
The Contribution of the Interannual ENSO Cycle to the Spatial Pattern of Decadal ENSO-Like Variability*

Abstract A defining feature of Pacific decadal ENSO-like variability is the similarity between its spatial expression in sea surface temperature (SST) and the spatial structure of interannual ENSO variability. This similarity may indicate that the decadal variability is merely a long-term average over interannual ENSO variability. In contrast, subtle differences (namely the meridionally broadened tropical SST signature and emphasized midlatitude SST anomalies for the decadal ENSO-like pattern) may indicate that fundamentally different processes are responsible for generating variability on the decadal to interdecadal time scale. The present study attempts to reconcile the subtly different spatial structures of interannual ENSO and decadal ENSO-like variability by relating the decadal pattern to various SST patterns associated with the development of the interannual ENSO cycle. First, a statistical analysis is used to reconstruct the decadal ENSO-like SST pattern as a linear combination of interannual SST .
Long‐term follow‐up and outcomes of percutaneous nephron‐sparing surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Indian J Urol 2020;36:276‐81

Dear Editor, We read with great interest the study[1] on the outcomes of percutaneous nephron-sparing surgery (PCNSS) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is considered the standard of care in high-risk cases. [2] Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) may be a necessary alternative in patients with a solitary kidney, multiple bilateral UTUC, significant comorbidities, or renal impairment, which will incur unacceptable risk with RNU. [3] This study is a welcome addition to the very sparse data on the outcomes of this approach in UTUC.
Gains and Losses Differentially Regulate Attentional Efficacy at Low and High Attentional Load

Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank Adam Neuman and Seyed-Alireza Hassani for help collecting the behavioral data. This research was supported by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01EB028161 (T.W.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Interpretation of the seismic cone test in granular soils

This paper presents a simple theoretical approach to the interpretation of the seismic cone test in granular soils. In particular it is demonstrated that there is a theoretical justification for using the ratio of elastic stiffness (estimated from the measured shear wave velocity) to the cone resistance to derive fundamental mechanical soil properties. Using the cavity expansion-based correlation for cone resistance and a well-established correlation between the elastic stiffness and soil void ratio and stress level, theoretical correlations are established between the ratio of elastic stiffness to cone resistance and in situ state parameter and soil friction angle. Application to data obtained from field, calibration chamber and centrifuge tests in various granular soils generally confirms the validity of the proposed theoretical approach. Scatter in predicted values is significant, and further validation is required.
Radon 222 simulations as a test of a three‐dimensional regional transport model

Radon 222 distributions during the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment are simulated with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory three-dimensional regional transport model. The model domain covers the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean and part of the eastern United States and Canada. It horizontally elongates 4200 km in the east-west and north-south directions and vertically extends from the surface to 50 mbar. The model simulates emissions, transport, and radioactive decay of 222Rn. Advection, cloud transport, mixing in the planetary boundary layer, and diffusion are simulated and the emissions, boundary, and initial conditions are parameterized. The model results are analyzed to study the ability of the model to simulate 222Rn distribution in the troposphere. The analysis indicates that 222Rn simulations near the surface are dominated by emissions. At altitudes from 6 km) are dominated by side boundary conditions and the wind field. The impact of top boundary on 222Rn simulations is negligible provided the top is specified at an altitude well above the tropopause. Cloud mixing is important in the vertical transport of 222Rn from the surface to the free troposphere. Cloud effect is significant in 222Rn distributions at grid columns within or near which there are abundant clouds. The mean effect of cloud mixing cannot be appropriately represented by contrasting large-scale or long-term average 222Rn distributions simulated in cases with and without cloud mixing. Surface pressure fluctuation has substantial influence on 222Rn emission and concentration variabilities, but this effect is restricted to altitudes near the surface. The model-simulated 222Rn concentrations are compared with measurements made onboard the U.S. Department of Energy Gulfstream aircraft based at Halifax, Nova Scotia, to evaluate the quality of the simulations. The comparison indicates that the simulations and observations are usually within a factor of 2 of one another and significantly correlated with each other. The simulations are capable of capturing high 222Rn concentrations observed in continental plumes.
PRECIPITATION DIFFERENCES AMONGST GCMs USED FOR THE U.S. NATIONAL ASSESSMENT 1

ABSTRACT: Two general circulation models (GCMs) used in the U.S. national assessment of the potential consequences of climate variability and change (CGCM1 and HadCM2) show a large increase in precipitation in the future over the southwestern U.S., particularly during winter. This precipitation increase is an extension of a larger region of increased precipitation in the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of North America that is associated with a deepened and southward‐shifted Aleutian Low, a weaker subtropical high, and warmer sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The models differ in their simulation of precipitation anomalies over the southeastern U.S., with CGCM1 showing drier conditions and HadCM2 showing wetter conditions in the future. While both models show decreased frequency of Atlantic storms, consistent with decreased meridional and land/sea temperature gradients, the more coastal position of the storm track in CGCM1 results in less precipitation than modern along the eastern seaboard of the U.S. During summer, differences in land surface models within the two GCMs sometimes lead to differences in soil moisture that feed back to the precipitation over land due to available moisture.
From Bad to Worse: Striatal Coding of the Relative Value of Painful Decisions

The majority of decision-related research has focused on how the brain computes decisions over outcomes that are positive in expectation. However, much less is known about how the brain integrates information when all possible outcomes in a decision are negative. To study decision-making over negative outcomes, we used fMRI along with a task in which participants had to accept or reject 50/50 lotteries that could result in more or fewer electric shocks compared to a reference amount. We hypothesized that behaviorally, participants would treat fewer shocks from the reference amount as a gain, and more shocks from the reference amount as a loss. Furthermore, we hypothesized that this would be reflected by a greater BOLD response to the prospect of fewer shocks in regions typically associated with gain, including the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. The behavioral data suggest that participants in our study viewed all outcomes as losses, despite our attempt to induce a status quo. We find that the ventral striatum showed an increase in BOLD response to better potential gambles (i.e., fewer expected shocks). This lends evidence to the idea that the ventral striatum is not solely responsible for reward processing but that it might also signal the relative value of an expected outcome or action, regardless of whether the outcome is entirely appetitive or aversive. We also find a greater response to worse gambles in regions previously associated with aversive valuation, suggesting an opposing but simultaneous valuation signal to that conveyed by the striatum.
The Concept of a Pottery Production Centre. An Archaeometrical Contribution from Ancient Sagalassos

Abstract In 1987 a potters' quarter was discovered to the east of the ancient town of Sagalassos (SW Turkey). A wide variety of ceramic products was manufactured locally, including a series of tableware (Sagalassos red slip ware). Following a late Hellenistic antecedent, mass production of this tableware started during the early Augustan period and lasted into the first half of the 7th century ad . This contribution aims at illustrating some of the technological and organizational choices made by the potters when mass production was initialized.
Bayesian Modeling of Neighborhood Competition in Uneven-Aged Mixed-Species Stands

Competition among individual trees is a fundamental structuring fea- ture of uneven-aged mixed-species stands. We developed a Bayesian model for neighborhood competition in uneven-aged mixed-species stands, in which the interspecic variability in competitive impact is explicitly represented. We used data from 16 permanent plots in the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, where the diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees has been repeatedly measured and mapped. To analyze the competitive effect of neighboring trees, we used the "Neighboring Competition Index, "an index in which the competitive effect of neighboring trees is predicted as a function of its DBH, dis- tance from the target tree, and its species. Among three alternative models, a model that represented the interspecic variability to have a common mean value using hierarchical parameter structure exerted the lowest DIC (a criterion for model selection), followed by a model that represented it to be independent. The estimated interspecic variability was smaller than previously reported, in that we found only three out of 39 species were considered to have a signicant dif- ference from other species. Our results showed that although there is clear evidence for interspecic variability, the species-specic effects are not independent of one another, but rather have some similarity. Our results provide a novel approach for efficiently predicting the complex competition in uneven-aged mixed-species stands.
The Lost Combinator

Let me begin by thanking the Association for Computational Linguistics and its Executive Committee for conferring on me the great honor of their Lifetime Achievement Award for 2018, which of course I share with all the wonderful students and colleagues that have made many essential contributions to this work over many years. At the heart of the work that I have been pursuing over my research lifetime so far, whether in parsing and sentence processing, spoken language understanding, semantics, or even in musical understanding by machine, there lies a theory of natural language grammar that brings parsing, compositional semantics, statistical modeling, and logical inference into the closest possible relation. This theory of grammar is combinatory, in the sense that its operations are type-dependent and restricted to strictly string-adjacent phonologically or graphologically-realized inputs, and categorial, in the sense that those operands pair a syntactic type with a type-transparent semantic representation or logical form. I’d like to use this opportunity to briefly address three questions that revolve around the theory of grammar, both combinatory and otherwise. The first question concerns the way that Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) was developed with a number of colleagues, over a number of stages and in slightly different forms. The second is an essentially evolutionary question of why natural language grammar should take a combinatory form. The third question is that of what the future holds for CCG and other structural theories of grammar in computational linguistics and NLP in the age of deep learning. I have called this talk “The Lost Combinator” in homage to the Victorian era poem “The Lost Chord,” in the hope of suggesting that the theoretical development of CCG has always been empirical, rather than axiomatic, in search of the simplest explanation of the facts of language, rather than for confirmation of linguistic received opinion, however intuitively salient.
Fully body visual self-modeling of robot morphologies

Internal computational models of physical bodies are fundamental to the ability of robots and animals alike to plan and control their actions. These "self-models" allow robots to consider outcomes of multiple possible future actions without trying them out in physical reality. Recent progress in fully data-driven self-modeling has enabled machines to learn their own forward kinematics directly from task-agnostic interaction data. However, forward kinematic models can only predict limited aspects of the morphology, such as the position of end effectors or velocity of joints and masses. A key challenge is to model the entire morphology and kinematics without prior knowledge of what aspects of the morphology will be relevant to future tasks. Here, we propose that instead of directly modeling forward kinematics, a more useful form of self-modeling is one that could answer space occupancy queries, conditioned on the robot's state. Such query-driven self-models are continuous in the spatial domain, memory efficient, fully differentiable, and kinematic aware and can be used across a broader range of tasks. In physical experiments, we demonstrate how a visual self-model is accurate to about 1% of the workspace, enabling the robot to perform various motion planning and control tasks. Visual self-modeling can also allow the robot to detect, localize, and recover from real-world damage, leading to improved machine resiliency.
Downward Propagating Equatorial Kelvin Wave over the Eastern Indian Ocean as Revealed from Radiosonde and GPS Radio Occultation (CHAMP) Data

Vertical propagation of equatorial Kelvin wave and its correlation with convective activity over the eastern Indian Ocean were investigated through analyses and inter-comparisons of radiosonde and GPS/CHAMP occultation data. The radiosonde data from 80 balloon launchings were obtained in the period of August 5 to 14, 2005 over the region of 1.64 0 N - 6.2 0 S, 88.2 0 E- 97.34 0 E surrounding the cruise track of R/V Mirai during Tropical Ocean and Climate Study (TOCS) campaigned. Results of radiosonde data analyses show a variation in the height of cold point tropopause (CPT) associated with Kelvin wave activities. In addition, coexisting strong convective activities were also detected during August 9 to 11, 2005. The characteristics of equatorial Kelvin wave were further investigated by fitting a sinusoidal approximation by assuming zonal wave number 1 and 2 to the GPS/CHAMP temperature perturbations using non linear inversion algorithm. It is found that the periodicity of observed Kelvin wave is about 5 - 6 days. Inter-comparisons of low-pass filtered of height-time cross section of perturbation temperature from both radiosonde and GPS/CHAMP data showed downward propagation Kelvin wave, which was more pronounced during August 11 to 14, 2005. Furthermore, an increase in the potential and kinetic energy of the downward propagating Kelvin wave was observed prior to the occurrence of strong convection, which is believed as convectively coupled equatorial Kelvin wave.