Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Likelihood of Tree Failure in Naples, Florida (United States) Following Hurricane Irma

Trees in residential landscapes provide many benefits, but can injure persons and damage property when they fail. In hurricane-prone regions like Florida, USA, the regular occurrence of hurricanes has provided an opportunity to assess factors that influence the likelihood of wind-induced tree failure and develop species failure profiles. We assessed open-grown trees in Naples, Florida, following the passage of Hurricane Irma in September 2017 to determine the effect of relevant factors on the degree of damage sustained by individual trees. Of 4034 assessed individuals (n = 15 species), 74% sustained no damage, 4% sustained only minor damage (i.e., minimal corrective pruning needed), 6% sustained significant damage (i.e., major corrective pruning needed), and 15% were whole-tree failures (i.e., overturned trees or trees requiring removal). The proportion of individuals in each damage category varied among species, stem diameter at 1.4 m above ground, and the presence of utility lines, which was a proxy for maintenance. We compared our results with the findings of seven previous hurricanes in the region to explore species’ resilience in hurricanes.
Bias in Local Projections

Local projections (LPs) are a popular tool in macroeconomic research. We show that LPs are often used with very small samples in the time dimension. Consequently, LP point estimates can be severely biased. We derive simple expressions for this bias and propose a way to bias-correct LPs. Small sample bias can also lead autocorrelation-robust standard errors to dramatically understate sampling uncertainty. We argue they should be avoided in LPs like the ones we study. Using identified monetary policy shocks, we demonstrate that the bias in point estimates can be economically meaningful and the bias in standard errors can affect inference.
THE EFFECTS OF CAR WASH OPERATION ON THE BRAZILIAN CAPITAL MARKET: THE PETROBRAS CASE

ABSTRACT Purpose: The study aimed to identify the effects of the Car Wash Operation on the Brazilian capital market, focusing on the state-owned company Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras), including in the analysis other publicly traded companies that belong to the oil and gas sector. Originality/value: This research is relevant because it advances in discussing the influence of the Car Wash Operation on the stock price in the Brazilian context. This study contributes to revealing the use of the Google Trends tool to measure market attention and its effects. Design/methodology/approach: This is a quantitative research based on evidence of the volume of research in relation to the movement of the stock prices. The sample consisted of data from Petrobras and other companies belonging to the oil and gas sector in the period from January 2, 2013, to December 28, 2018. The most relevant dates were defined through the search volume index for the terms “Car Wash” and “corruption”, obtained from the Google Trends tool. The GARCH model (1,1) was adopted in the estimates. Findings: The results obtained from the dummies inserted to capture the abnormal returns showed a significant reaction in the behaviors of the assets. The flow of capital seems to have opted for assets of greater confidence than PETR3 and PETR4 in a few weeks of the Operation. This work showed that, in general, the outbreak of the Car Wash Operation influenced and brought some instability to other companies in the sector.
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale: Internal Structure and Relation to Other Variables

Abstract This study aimed to present validity evidence based on internal structure of the Kessler Scale of Psychological Distress (K10), to show its relations with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and to present a social distribution of distress in the present sample. Participated in the study 717 residents of Aracaju, State of Sergipe, by means of household data collection. A sociodemographic questionnaire, K10, and PSS-10 were used as instruments. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed using the Factor software, which indicated the scale unidimensionality, explaining 69.9% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93, and the model adjustment indices were satisfactory. A positive and statistically significant association between K10 and PSS-10 was observed. Regarding the social distribution, the levels of distress were higher in women, patients with chronic diseases, users of controlled drugs, and unemployed participants. It was concluded that K10 presented robust psychometric properties for the detection of distress in general population.
The Regulationof Independent Candidates in Organizing Regional Head Elections in Indonesia: A literature Review

One absolute element of the existence of a country is sovereignty. Elections in Indonesia especially the election of regents/mayors and governors can be reached through party and independent paths. Elections through independentpaths certainly have strengths and weaknesses in the context of democracy in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper was to review the arrangements ofindependent candidates in organizing theregional elections in Indonesia. Through a literature review, this research found that an independent candidate presents as the representation of the existence of Law No. 12 of 2008 concerning Regional Election. Election of regional heads is always dominated by candidates who come from political parties. This makes many parties give demands for the birth of regulations for independent candidates as an effort to realize democracy in Indonesia. Competition through independent candidates has positive implications as a solution to local development at a time when natural resource support is currently increasingly limited. The contrast between independent candidates and candidates from political parties is the problem of organizing infrastructure with its political superstructure. Independent candidates do not have a clear political infrastructure so, what maintaining the constituent relations (infrastructure) with the executive (superstructure) does not exist. In fact, the executive position filled by independent candidates will not gain strong political legitimacy from the Provincial and Regency/City DPRDs because of the representation of the strengths of various political parties. The progress of the pairs of candidates from non-political parties shows several things: 1) citizens who have the right to develop themselves in the world of government by becoming candidates ofregional head have tried to take away their rights as prospective pairs of heads and deputy regional heads, 2)the advance of citizens through independent paths also shows the number of citizens who want to advance the elections but have limited access to political parties, 3) the phenomenon of independent candidates can also be interpreted as a form of resistance against political parties, and 4)the victory of independentcandidates in the elections also showed that political parties arenot succeed in carrying out their functions of recruitment and political education. Election have models in various countries and at various levels but elections through independent paths like this can be adapted in other countries according to the cultural context, characteristics and needs of the community and local government.
Women and Finance

This literature review brings together the main results of gender studies in finance. We first examine possible gender differences in financial preferences and attitudes, as well as stereotypes against women. We then discuss the consequences in terms of saving and portfolio choices, careers in the financial industry and access to leadership positions in banks and central banks. Six main results emerge: (i) surveys suggest small differences, if any, across gender in risk preferences and financial attitudes; (ii) the differences should not be seen as a mere revelation of preferences, but rather as the result of strong impregnation of stereotypes; (iii) these stereotypes are detrimental to women’s investment choices and access to credit; (iv) observed differences are sensitive to socioeconomic context, past experience, and education; (v) women have a persistent limited access to top positions in the financial industry; (vi) there is no strong evidence for a specific female-style of leadership in the financial sector or for supervisory authorities. Overall, and as summarized in Figure 1, our review strongly suggests that even small differences (if any) lead to large gender inequalities, through socialization and self-fulfilling stereotypes.
A single point sorption test for the routine determination of the phosphorus requirement of low to moderate P-fixing soils

The phosphorus requirement (P0.11) of low to moderate P-fixing soils from the South African tobacco industry and KwaZulu-Natal was interpolated from multiple point P sorption isotherms. The relationship between P0.11 and a single point sorption measurement, consisting of the P concentration left in solution after equilibrating for 24 h additional rates of either 70 or 100 mg P kg−1 soil, over the soils of the tobacco industry was investigated using non-linear regression analysis. The results showed that a high degree of correlation existed between both variables, suggesting that P0.11 could simply and accurately be predicted from a single P sorption measurement instead of a multiple point sorption isotherm. Confirmation of the predictive value of the functions best fitting the data from the soils of the tobacco industry was validated using data of the soils from KwaZulu-Natal. The results showed that values of P0.11 predicted for the soils of KwaZulu-Natal, using the single point P sorption test in conjunction with the regression functions developed for the soils of the tobacco industry, were highly significantly correlated to the P0.11 values interpolated from multiple point P sorption isotherms. The implication of these findings for the routine determination of the phosphorus requirement of soils by soil testing laboratories and P fertiliser recommendations is discussed.
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of bovine oocytes

The reproductive development of cattle is must to hasten the production of milk and meat. It relies mostly on the quality of oocytes. Thus the present study was carried out to sort out the superior ovary to be used in further research. Cow ovaries were collected from slaughter house, processed and categorized as right or left and ovaries with or without corpus luteum (CL). Morphology of ovaries were studied on the basis of length (cm), width (cm), weight (g), total number of follicles on the surface of each category ovaries, number of follicles aspirated, total number of cumulus-oocyte-complex (COCs) and then graded as normal and abnormal. Significantly higher mean weight (3.47±1.85 vs 2.44±1.76), length (1.94±0.34 vs 1.71±0.39) and width (1.36±0.34 vs 1.09±0.29) were found in right ovaries than left. Forty seven of right and 20% of left ovaries were found with CL. Numerically higher number of normal COCs was found in left ovaries than right ovaries whereas total and abnormal COCs were higher in right ovaries. On the other hand, in comparison between the ovaries with and without CL group, significantly (p<0.05) higher mean weight (3.81±1.68 vs 2.53±1.83), length (2.04±0.30 vs 1.72±0.38) and width (1.45±0.25 vs 1.11±0.32) were found in with CL ovaries than without CL. The average number of normal COCs of with CL ovary (0.75±0.85) was lower than that of without CL (0.85±0.83) but they are not significant. Finally, it can be concluded that, oocytes from left ovaries in comparison to right and without CL in comparison to with CL are superior in the context of selection of oocytes for embryo development.
Dental students awareness towards research at King Khalid University, College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To evaluate the attitude toward and knowledge of dental research among dental students in a teaching institute in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was conducted at the King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia, from July 2018 to January 2019. A total of 137 final year dental students and interns were provided with an online survey questionnaire designed in English and Arabic. Results: Ninety (males, 64; females, 26) students and interns responded to the questionnaire. More than half of the participants showed a positive attitude towards the importance of research and its incorporation in the dental curriculum. However, the majority of the students and interns demonstrated limited knowledge about research activities. Conclusion: The students and interns in this cohort demonstrated moderate attitudes towards and limited knowledge of research. The provision of intensive training and adequate support in research activities at the undergraduate level may help improve the perception of dental students towards research.
Robust Estimation of Integrated Volatility

We introduce a new method to estimate the integrated volatility (IV) based on noisy high-frequency data. Our method employs the ReMeDI approach introduced by Li and Linton (2021a) to estimate the moments of the microstructure noise and thereby eliminate their influence, and the pre-averaging method to target the volatility parameter. The method is robust: it can be applied when the efficient price exhibits stochastic volatility and jumps, the observation times are random and endogenous, and the noise process is nonstationary, autocorrelated and dependent on the efficient price. We derive the limit distribution for the proposed estimators under infill asymptotics in a general setting. Our simulation and empirical studies demonstrate the robustness, accuracy and computational efficiency of our estimators compared to several alternatives recently proposed in the literature.
Selective production of aromatic hydrocarbons from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over Cu or Fe loaded mesoporous rod-like alumina

The selective production of aromatic hydrocarbons from bio-oil derived from the fast pyrolysis of sunflower stalks over Cu or Fe-modified mesoporous rod-like alumina catalysts was investigated. Uniform mesoporous rod-like alumina with different pore sizes were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method with the assistance of Pluronic P123 surfactant. A high relative total hydrocarbon amount of about 59% in the upgraded bio-oil was obtained when pure mesoporous Al2O3 with a uniform pore size of 5.81 nm was used. Mesoporous Al2O3 with a larger pore size resulted in more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as indenes and naphthalenes being generated. Cu or Fe loaded Al2O3 with a loading amount in the range of 1–2.5 wt% showed a high selectivity towards monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) such as benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTXs) over 80%. By using 2.5 wt% Cu/Al2O3-0.01, the highest relative total hydrocarbon amount reached 89%, which consisted of about 84% aromatic hydrocarbons and 4.9% aliphatic hydrocarbons. Both catalysts showed good catalytic stability and regeneration properties. A catalytic system with high effectiveness and long-term stability was expected to be obtained to convert the oxygenated compounds in bio-oil to high value-added hydrocarbons.
Study of characteristic aroma components of baked Wujiatai green tea by HS-SPME/GC-MS combined with principal component analysis

ABSTRACT In this study, the aroma components of six Wujiatai green teas were extracted and identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and principal component analysis (PCA) was further used to reveal possible differences in these teas based on their aroma components. The results showed that, although there are some similarities in the aroma composition and content between Wujiatai green tea and regular green and black teas, the former had its own unique aroma characteristics. We suggest that the ‘baking’ procedure of Wujiatai green tea possibly causes the formation and/or increase of some aroma components, thus resulting in a more durable and prominent aroma characteristic as well as superior quality compared with the other teas investigated in this paper.
Aggression and Belief in a Just World Among Adolescents from Belarus and Ukraine: A Comparative Analysis

In connection with the spread of a culture of violence in modern society the problem of aggressive behavior of adolescents takes on new impetus. For a comprehensive consideration of this problem, one should take into account not only the intrapersonal and interpersonal aspects of the personality relations system, but also its relations with the world, which can be expressed in the two forms of the belief in a just world — general belief in a just world and personal belief in a just world. 70 Belarusian and 109 Ukrainian adolescents completed two questionnaires: the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the Just World Scale by C. Dalbert. It was found that Belarusian adolescents are characterized by lower aggression compared to Ukrainian ones. The relationship between aggression and the two forms of belief in a just world (general and personal belief in a just world) is negative among Belarusians and Ukrainian adolescents. Belarusian and Ukrainian adolescents on average believe that the world is “rather fair”. This indicates a similar view of the world among adolescents in both cultures.
Disability and its prevalence and cause in northwestern Ethiopia: evidence from Dabat district of Amhara National Regional State: A community based cross-sectional study

Background: Disability is the social outcome of unfavorable interactions between individuals’ impairments, on the one hand, and inaccessible physical spaces, disenabling cultural environment and negative attitudes towards disability and persons with disabilities, on the other. Despite the fact that it directly affects 15% of Ethiopians, understanding and policy-relevant studies on disability and the conditions of persons with disabilities are lacking. The Dabat Demographic Health Surveillance System is part of the response to fill this gap. With significant drawbacks in the Surveillance System, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence, types and major causes of disability in Dabat district. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed and covered 17,000 households residing in 13 Kebeles of Dabat district. The study was conducted in 2018 utilizing the modified 12-item World Health Organization’s Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and 7-item WHO Minimal Generic Set of Domains of Functioning and Health to collect pertinent data on disability in the district. The data was organized and presented using frequencies and percentages in table and figures. Relevant variables were used to construct a logit model that predicts the likelihood of disability whereby P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: This study found that the overall prevalence of disability in Dabat district was 2.14% [95% CI: 2.03, 2.24]. About 8.3% of households reported at least one member with disability. Visual impairment was the most commonly reported impairment (51%) while 8.19% had multiple impairments. Eighty-three percent of immediate the causes of disability were modifiable – specifically, illness (36.93%), injury (17.81%), and congenital (10.86%). The aged [AOR=1.0; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04], those unable to read or write illiterate [AOR=1.57; 1.15, 2.14], the unmarried/single [AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 185,2.47] and the separated [AOR=2.78; 95% CI: 4.14,6.19] were more likely to risk disability in the population.Conclusion: This study reported an increased likelihood of impairment among those with advanced ages. The proportion of households with PwDs was also high. While most disabilities were visual, there were significant numbers with mobility impairments and hard of hearing. Most school-age PwDs did not complete secondary education, while employment was significantly limited. The findings indicated that most causes of disability were reversible if impairments were screened or identified early and preventive or medical treatments were sought. Without undermining the role of specialized medical treatments, this study underlines the significance of early screening and preventive community interventions through CBR programs and rehabilitation workers in lowering disability rates in the district.
Fall Prevention by Otago Exercise Program based on Health Belief Model in Community-Dwelling Older Persons

Health belief model (HBM) has been widely used to communicate with older persons in order to changetheir behaviors. This group of people have a higher risk of fall due to poor postural balance and inappropriatefall-related behaviors. Home-exercise programs like Otago exercise program (OEP) can ameliorate posturalbalance, but most of the older persons do not well comply with the program. This mixed methods researchstudy was aimed to investigate effects of a 12-week HBM-based OEP (HBM-OEP) on postural balance(Berg balance scale, BBS) and quadriceps torque in 72 healthy community-dwelling older persons (controlgroup, n = 36 and HBM-OEP group, n = 36). Levels of fall-related HBM domains (knowledge, perception,and behaviors) were also recorded at baseline and 12-week post-intervention. Results showed that the BBSincreased from 51.3±0.4 to 53.2±0.3 (p <0.05). The quadriceps torque between baseline and post-interventionwere not significantly different (181.7±12.2 vs 188.2±9.9 Nm). In contrast, the quadriceps torque in theHBM-OEP group significantly increased from 176.8±10.6 to 220.0±9.2 Nm (p < 0.05). Both quadricepstorque and BBS were positively correlated with the levels of knowledge, perception, and behavior scores.In conclusion, the 12-week HBM-based OEP was effective to improve postural balance and the levels fallrelated health beliefs.
The impact of working conditions on the UK’s teaching assistants

ABSTRACT Teaching assistants (TAs) in the United Kingdom typically work with students with additional and special needs, including the most challenging and vulnerable pupils, in low paid, precarious roles. However, no research has examined how organisational factors such as job demand, control, and support can influence TAs' wellbeing, despite recent evidence demonstrating the importance of organisational factors to teacher wellbeing. Using a large-scale questionnaire approach, data from 2,957 UK TAs investigated the extent to which job demands, control, role clarity, peer- and management-support, organisational change, relationship quality, and student and parental behaviour contribute to perceived stress. Results show that job demands and control consistently contribute to increased perceived stress in TAs regardless of the phase of school in which they are based. There is also some evidence that TAs experience aggression from pupils and parents. For primary-based TAs, a broader range of factors contribute to stress, including levels of support and negative pupil behaviour. Implications are subsequently discussed, with reference to the TAs themselves and the culture of schools in which they work, as are suggestions of the implications for the children in their care. Suggestions for future research and intervention are also discussed.