Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements and Factors of Biased Technological
Progress in China’s Marine Economy

A new technology may be biased towards saving energy, or reducing pollution emission or increasing economic output. It is necessary for the high-quality development of marine economy to promote environment-based technological progress. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the biased technological progress and its influencing factors of China’s marine economy from 2002 to 2016. We used a DEA-Malmquist model to measure the biased technological progress. Then we further analyzed influencing factors of biased technological progress. Our research found that the TFP of the marine economy was basically growing, and this growth was mainly due to a positive impact of technological progress. In general, the technological progress of marine economy is gradually biased towards energy conservation and emissions reduction. Furthermore, technological progress in the Yangtze River Delta are more conducive to energy conservation. The marine economic production in the Pan-Pearl River Delta is more inclined to promote production growth, while tit is most concerned about environmental protection in the Bohai Rim region. In addition, factors such as environmental regulation, economic level, FDI and industrial scale have different impacts on biased technological progress of marine economy. The results show that the directive regulations have a greater impact on the input-biased technological progress, while the incentive regulations have a greater impact on the output-biased technological progress. Therefore, this study has important guiding significance for energy conservation and emission reduction of marine economy in China. And the green development path of China’s marine economy can provide a reference for the development of European blue economy.
Variation in the Growth Potential in a Timothy and Red Clover Mixture

Abstract Growth potentials (Rs) in leys at five sites in northern Sweden were determined by using a growth model. The Rs value is independent of the current weather, and is related to stand vigour and depends on the growth cycle, species, age of the ley, soil fertility and winter survival. Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and a mixture of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and timothy at different nitrogen fertilizations were investigated. In the spring growth the Rs value was higher in the red clover mixture than in timothy and lower in the first- than in the second-year leys. In the regrowth the Rs value was considerably higher (25%) in the first- than in the second-year leys. Higher Rs values occurred at sites with higher contents of humus than at sites with lower humus content. Interpretation of results from field experiments could be improved by determination of the growth potential (Rs).
Verbal Linguistic Intelligence of the First-Year Students of Indonesian Education Program: A Case in Reading Subject

This study aimed to describe seven indicators of students’ verbal linguistic intelligence in reading subject. It used a qualitative research method. The subjects of this study were 30 students consisted of 9 male and 21 female students. They took the reading subject in the second semester of the first year. They were given a test of verbal-linguistic intelligence. Seven students were selected to be interviewed because they have verbal-linguistic intelligence and good communication. To find out the validity of the data, the researchers used triangulation of the test results and the results of interviews and triangulation of the second researcher and research assistants. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the content analysis method which consisted of three steps, they were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of the study show that there were seven indicators of verbal-linguistic intelligence of students in reading subject, first, having excellent initial knowledge in mentioning words, second, enjoying wordplay with Scrabble, third, entertaining themselves and other students by playing tongue twisters, fourth, explaining the meaning of the words written and discussed, fifth, having difficulties in mathematics lesson, sixth, their conversation refers to something they have read and heard, and the last, having the ability to write poetry based on personal experience.
A Technique for Measuring Intraspecific Variation in Oviposition Preference in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Intra‐population variation in oviposition preference of Helicoverpa armigera was examined using two testing techniques; oviposition choice experiments with free flying females in cages of two sizes, and a novel technique in which tethered insects were brought in contact with the test leaf discs by the experimenter. Though individual females differed in oviposition preference, most ranked maize, sorghum and tobacco highest, followed by cotton. the least preferred plants were cowpea and lucerne. However, a few of the females had quite different preferences both from the majority and between each other. Individual females consistently ranked plants in the same order within a test across days and across tests, regardless of the order in which testing procedures were used. the use of the tethered insect technique in assessing host preference of H. armigera is discussed.
C-Banded Karyotypes of Some Podisminae Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from Japan

C-banding patterns in Japanese grasshoppers belonging to the subfamily Podisminae : Podisma sapporensis Shiraki (2n _? _=23, NF=23), Parapodisma subastris Huang, Parapodisma tenryuensis Kobayashi, Parapodisma yamato Tominaga et Storozhenko, Parapodisma mikado (I. Bolivar), Fruhstorferiola okinawaensis (Shiraki) (2n _? _=21, NF =21), and Sinopodisma punctata Mistshenko (2n _? _ = 21, all chromosomes are two-armed) were studied. Cytogenetic similarities and differences between particular species are discussed using the C-banding method.
Assimilating SMOS Brightness Temperature for Hydrologic Model Parameters and Soil Moisture Estimation with an Immune Evolutionary Strategy

Hydrological models play an essential role in data assimilation (DA) systems. However, it is a challenging task to acquire the distributed hydrological model parameters that affect the accuracy of the simulations at a grid scale. Remote sensing data provide an ideal observation for DA to estimate parameters and state variables. In this study, a special assimilation scheme was proposed to jointly estimate parameters and soil moisture (SM) by assimilating brightness temperature (TB) from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. Variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrological model and L-band microwave emission of the biosphere model (L-MEB) are coupled as model and observation operators, respectively. The scheme combines two stages of estimators, one for the static model parameters and the other for the dynamic state variables. The estimators approximate the posterior probability distribution of an unknown target through sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) sampling. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and immune evolution strategy are embedded in both stages to solve particle impoverishment problems. To evaluate the effectiveness of the scheme, the estimated SM sets are compared with in-situ observations and SMOS products in Maqu on the Tibetan Plateau. Specifically, the root mean square error decreased from 0.126 to 0.087 m3m−3 for surface SM, with a slight impact on the root zone. The temporal correlation between DA results and in-situ measurements increased to 0.808 and 0.755 for surface SM (+0.057) and root zone SM (+0.040), respectively. The results demonstrate that assimilating TB has tremendous potential as an approach to improve the estimation of distributed model parameters and SMs of surface and root zone at a grid scale, and the immune evolution strategy is effective for increasing the accuracy of approximation in sampling.
Influence Of Performance Level Of Male Runners On Non-linear Dynamics Of Heart Rate Variability During a 10Km Race

ABSTRACT The present study examines the influence of a 10 km race of runners with different performance levels on time-domain measures and non-linear dynamics of HRV. Twenty-two male recreational to elite runners performed a self-paced 10 km race on asphalt with flat profile. The participants were divided into two performance groups based on their 10 km total time with a split at 40 min (fTT: fast total times, sTT: slow total times). During the race (Begin, Mid-Point, End), heart rate and RR-intervals were recorded continuously. Besides HRV time-domain measurements, fractal correlation properties using short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) were calculated. Mean total time from fTT was significant faster compared to sTT (35:14 ± 03:15 min:sec vs. 46:34 ± 05:46 min:sec). While RMSSD and SDNN diminished strongly during the race with no differences between groups, we observed significant lower values in DFA-alpha1 at Begin for fTT. In comparison of Begin vs. Mid-Point as well as Begin vs. End a significant decrease could be determined in DFA-alpha1 for sTT. The earlier loss of correlation properties during Begin in fTT implies a fastened alteration of cardiac autonomic regulation in order to match an all-out performance attractor for maximal endurance performance.
Organizing Time Exchanges: Lessons from Matching Markets

This paper considers time exchanges via a common platform (e.g., markets for exchanging time units, positions at education institutions, and tuition waivers). There are several problems associated with such markets, e.g., imbalanced outcomes, coordination problems, and inefficiencies. We model time exchanges as matching markets and construct a non-manipulable mechanism that selects an individually rational and balanced allocation that maximizes exchanges among the participating agents (and those allocations are efficient). This mechanism works on a preference domain whereby agents classify the goods provided by other participating agents as either unacceptable or acceptable, and for goods classified as acceptable, agents have specific upper quotas representing their maximum needs. (JEL C78, D47, D82)
Temporal Changes in Physical Signs of Estrus and Validation of Fetal Parameters for Estimation of Gestational Stage through B-mode Ultrasonography in Beetal goats

The current study evaluates changes in the physical signs of estrus (vulvar hyperemia, edema and mucous discharge) from their onset until ovulation, and validates fetal parameters for the estimation of gestational stage in Beetal goats. In experiment 1, temporal changes in estrus signs were monitored subjectively after the administration of two injections of PGF2α at 10-days interval and a cumulative behavioural index (BI) was calculated in goats that showed estrus response (n=7). Ovulation occurred after 18.8±2.3 h relative to peak vulvar hyperemia and edema; ovulation coincided with maximum mucous discharge (0±2.4 h). Maximum BI was observed between 7 to 31 h after the onset of estrus and was highly correlated with vulvar hyperemia (r=0.94), followed by vulvar edema (r=0.90) and mucous discharge (r=0.85). In experiment 2, fetal parameters were monitored in pregnant goats (n=7) via ultrasonography for estimation of gestational stage, and for validation in a separate set of goats (n=20; experiment 3). Gestational stage correlated significantly (P<0.05) with the uterine diameter (UD), crown-rump length (CRL), trunk diameter (TD), intercostal space (ICS); diameter of amniotic vesicle (AV), biparietal diameter (BPD), placentome diameter (PD) and umbilical cord (UC) diameter. Validation revealed the difference between the actual and estimated day of gestation was less for TD than BPD (4.1±0.6 vs 6.8±1.0 days; P<0.05). In conclusion, vulvar hyperemia, edema, and mucous discharge are highly correlated with BI. Fetal parameters are strongly associated with the gestational stage, and the estimation of the actual gestational stage is less variable through TD than BPD in Beetal goats
An Uncontrolled Trial of Flexibly Delivered Relationship Education with Low-Income, Unmarried Perinatal Couples.

Objective To examine couple and parenting outcomes from an American version of Couple CARE for Parents (CCP) in low-income, unmarried couples. Background We adapted an evidence-based, flexibly delivered program for use with low-income, unmarried couples, for whom the outcome literature is scarce. Method Couples (n = 443) were recruited from maternity units and began CCP. They completed measures before, during, and immediately after the intervention, and 6 months later. Results Moderate psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) declined and perceived parenting efficacy increased over time; there was no change in severe psychological or physical IPV. Individuals with lower levels of relationship commitment than their partners showed improvement in relationship satisfaction, whereas those with similar or higher levels of commitment maintained their baseline levels despite being in a period of expected satisfaction decline. Conclusion CCP showed some signs of helping low-income couples during a stressful period and its flexible service delivery model allowed these couples to participate by reducing the impediments of transportation challenges, conflicting work schedules, and overall time poverty. Implications Practitioners interested in using CCP with low-income couples would likely maximize the impact by (a) focusing on pregnant, first-time parents; (b) integrating CCP within post-natal healthcare; and/or (c) assuming that a considerable minority of couples will avail themselves of only up to two sessions, and thus practitioners should front-load content, making other content optional or just-in-time. In addition, non-psychoeducational elements (e.g., gamification, easy computerized tasks to reduce angry responses, watching couple-themed movies) could enliven preventative offerings for perinatal couples.
eHealth literacy and the motivators for HPV prevention among young adults in Kenya

ABSTRACT The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common but preventable sexually transmitted infections that affect males and females but knowledge about it and vaccine uptake remain low. As organizations adopt eHealth communication strategies to communicate about HPV, this study examines the association between eHealth literacy (and related elements) and the motivators for HPV prevention that are based on the protection motivation theory. A survey was conducted among 472 young adults in Kenya and results show moderate eHealth literacy (M = 3.21, SD = 1.03) and online information seeking (M = 3.57, SD = 1.08) but low HPV knowledge and risk perception. eHealth literacy was correlated with HPV knowledge, perceived risk, self-efficacy, and response efficacy whereas online health information seeking were correlated with perceived seriousness of HPV infection. This study suggests examining the discrepancy between online information seeking and knowledge and the disparities in eHealth literacy among young adults in HPV communication.
A perspective on leaf litter breakdown in streams

Leaf litter breakdown, a critical ecosystem level process in streams and other aquatic environments , has been conceptualized using models borrowed from terrestrial systems. We argue that current views of the process in fresh waters need to be conceptually improved. Specifically, we think the idea that breakdown proceeds in three distinct temporal stages (leaching, conditioning, fragmentation) has been over emphasized. Leaching, the massive loss of soluble leaf components within 24 h after immersion, is generally considered to constitute a well-defined first stage. Recent evidence suggests, however, that the initial solute losses are largely an effect of the un natural drying procedures to which experimental leaves are normally subjected. Fresh leaf litter does lose solutes when immersed,but gradually throughout the breakdown process rather than instantly upon wetting. Conditioning, the second breakdown stage, describes the enhancement of leaf palatability for detritivores by microbial colonization, and is thus ultimately targeted towards a group of organisms (which contribute to litter degradation) rather than addressing the breakdown process per se. Furthermore,conditioning implies a key role for detritivorous invertebrates and underrates the established direct degradative activity of microbial decomposers. If, thus, leaching and conditioning are not generally useful operators to describe portions of the litter breakdown process in freshwaters, the traditional concept, which emphasises leaching, conditioning and fragmentation as three sequential stages, loses much of its appeal. Consequently, we propose a new conceptual model, in which the coincidence and interplay of various subprocesses of litter breakdown is more strongly recognized. In this model, we propose to view the process in terms of the products of litter breakdown-as a complement to the usual perspective which focuses on litter mass loss. Six primary breakdown products are considered : bacterial, fungal and shredder biomass; dissolved organic matter; fine-particulate organic matter; and inorganic mineralization products such as CO2, NH+ and PO3-. We present a scheme illustrating the hypothesized formation of these products throughout breakdown. However, to improve understanding of the process, application of the proposed conceptual framework in experimental work is necessary.
Impact of Battery Charging on Spectrum Sensing of CRN With Energy Harvesting

This paper investigates the impact of battery charging on a cognitive radio network (CRN), where a hybrid overlay-underlay strategy enables mobile secondary nodes to access the licensed spectrum, and the secondary transmitter (ST) utilizes the energy harvested from the radio-frequency (RF) signal and the battery charging in the charging area for spectrum sensing and data transmission. We characterize the impact of battery charging in the charging area by designing an optimal spectrum sensing policy. The objective is to maximize the secondary throughput subject to energy and collision constraints. To be specific, a metric defined as a function of the spectrum sensor detection threshold is proposed to divide the CRN into three network states with respect to the relationship among energy consumption, energy harvesting, and battery charging. Accordingly, ST in the charging area decides to charge the battery or to exploit transmission opportunity. In each network state, we optimize the spectrum sensor detection threshold for the objective, which is a challenging problem since the spectrum sensor detection threshold is intertwined with the energy constraint, the collision constraint, and secondary throughput. Then we characterize the impact of battery charging in the charging area on the state classification and optimal spectrum sensing, respectively. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed metric, and validate the impact of battery charging.
Elementary Teachers’ Self-Efficacy During Initial Implementation of Comprehensive, Integrated, Three-Tiered Models of Prevention

In this article, we examined educators’ efficacy and burnout within Comprehensive, Integrated, Three-tiered (Ci3T) models of prevention, as implemented in 14 elementary schools in a Midwestern state. Participating schools completed a year-long training series to design their Ci3T plans and were in their second year of implementation as part of a districtwide initiative. We examined educators’ year-end self-ratings to describe how teachers in schools with prevention models were faring, exploring three sets of variables (a) self-reported Ci3T treatment integrity, (b) social validity ratings of their Ci3T model of prevention, and (c) educators’ sense of efficacy and burnout. Results indicated educators experienced emotional exhaustion; however, depersonalization and personal accomplishment scores revealed positive and large magnitude differences compared with a national sample. Moreover, educators reported higher levels of efficacy related to instructional strategies and classroom management than a national sample. Higher self-reported levels of Ci3T treatment integrity were associated with increased levels of efficacy related to student engagement. We discuss limitations and future directions.
Production and Respiration in Lake Erie Plankton Communities

ABSTRACT Planktonic community metabolism (photosynthesis and respiration) was assessed in the oligotrophic east basin of Lake Erie, from November 2001 to October 2002 using O2 and 14C methods. Areal gross production (AGP; mmol O2 m−2 d−1) exceeded areal respiration (AR; mmol O2 m−2 d−1) in the surface mixed layer for 69% of the observations during the study period. The median AGP:AR for the entire study period was 1.32. A significant positive relationship between AGP and AR existed, but AGP explained only 25% of the variation in AR. AGP:AR varied seasonally, being below 1.0 in the fall/winter of 2001 and in early spring 2002. High (>> 1.0) AGP:AR was observed in late spring (May) and AGP:AR remained > 1.0 for most of the summer stratified period (July–September). AGP:AR was > 1.0 in the fall of 2002, but the magnitude was less than observed during spring. The results supported traditional concepts of the seasonal production and consumption cycles in planktonic communities of large oligotrophic lakes. Parallel incubations of 14C uptake and gross O2 production determined with the light and dark bottle method revealed a mean experimental gross photosynthetic quotient (PQG) of 1.29 ± 0.48, indicating that the 14C method used here had a variable but, on average, close relationship to gross production as it is commonly measured.
Uncertainty Quantification of Global Net Methane Emissions From Terrestrial Ecosystems Using a Mechanistically Based Biogeochemistry Model

Quantification of methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands and its sinks from uplands is still fraught with large uncertainties. Here, a methane biogeochemistry model was revised, parameterized, and verified for various wetland ecosystems across the globe. The model was then extrapolated to the global scale to quantify the uncertainty induced from four different types of uncertainty sources including parameterization, wetland type distribution, wetland area distribution, and meteorological input. We found that global wetland emissions are 212 ± 62 and 212 ± 32 Tg CH4 year−1 (1Tg = 1012 g) due to uncertain parameters and wetland type distribution, respectively, during 2000–2012. Using two wetland distribution data sets and three sets of climate data, the model simulations indicated that the global wetland emissions range from 186 to 212 CH4 year−1 for the same period. The parameters were the most significant uncertainty source. After combining the global methane consumption in the range of −34 to −46 Tg CH4 year−1, we estimated that the global net land methane emissions are 149–176 Tg CH4 year−1 due to uncertain wetland distribution and meteorological input. Spatially, the northeast United States and Amazon were two hotspots of methane emission, while consumption hotspots were in the Eastern United States and eastern China. During 1950–2016, both wetland emissions and upland consumption increased during El Niño events and decreased during La Niña events. This study highlights the need for more in situ methane flux data, more accurate wetland type, and area distribution information to better constrain the model uncertainty.