Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological diversity in Bixa orellana L. and variations in annatto pigment yield

Summary The aim of this research was to study morphological variation in Bixa orellana which produces the pigment, annatto, in the aril portion of its seeds. Annatto dye is an important natural food colourant. B. orellana plants produce three different flower hues (e.g., pink, purple, and white) which, upon anthesis, develop into red, greenish-red, or greencoloured fruit, respectively. Measurements of fruit characteristics, together with their pigment profile data, were used to identify the superior variety with respect to its pigment yield in the field. Ovate red, conical greenish-red, and hemispherical green fruiting varieties were observed. Among those with conical fruit, significant morphological variations were observed and these could be segregated into seven types. In addition, there were differences in seed weight among the three different fruiting varieties. Ovate red-coloured fruit were found to be superior in all morphological characteristics, with an average length and width of 5.04 ± 0.11 cm and 3.34 ± 0.15 cm, respectively. Seed number was highest with an average of 46 seeds, in ovate red-coloured fruit which also produced the highest seed yields (1.5 – 2.0 kg of seeds per plant) with ≤ 2.13% (w/w) total annatto pigment content.
Acceptance of Technology Innovation Theory in Online Shopping of Travel Agent Customer in Indonesia

: The rapid development of the internet has opened up so many opportunities for companies to provide the consumers for something more. In Marketing Aspects, marketers today are more oriented to digital coupons in mobile phones or computers, so it will not waste the consumers’ time to actually go to the store and make purchases (Jayasingh and Eze, 2009). In addition to this, the newer system built will help the consumers to get everything more quickly, efficiently and effectively. Therefore, companies are competing to provide a better and sophisticated system so that consumers will feel helped and loyal to the company. One method to determine whether the system built by the company to the consumer is accepted or not is by using Acceptance of Technology Innovation model (ATI) (Amelia, et al., 2018). The company that uses the ATI system in operating and maintaining its company is Traveloka.The online-based company, Traveloka, was founded in 2012 by Ferry Unardi, DeriantoKusuma and Albert. Initially this company only served as an airline ticket search engine, so that consumers can compare flights fare from each airline. In 2013, Traveloka changed its focus to be a web serving online ticket reservation. Innovation from Traveloka did not stop there.On 2014, Traveloka began to expand on the online reservation of hotel rooms. This makes it easier for travelers to directly book flight tickets and hotels practically, easily, quickly and efficiently (www.dailysocial.net is downloaded on the January12, 2018). Therefore, this study aims to understand the factors that affect the actual usage of online travel agent through Technology Acceptance Model (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use), Diffusion of Innovation (compatibility) and perceived value as research variables. Research method usedin this research is quantitative method and SPSS 22.0 is used to analyze the data. The type of this research is causal research and 150 respondents in Surabaya are used as the research sample.There are seven hypothesis proposedin this research. Based on the results of the study, it shows that there are five significant hypotheses and twoinsignificant hypotheses. Perceived ease of use and compatibility has no direct significant effecton the actual usage of online consumer in Indonesia. But positive regression coefficient indicates a positive relationship but not significant.
BIODIVERSITY AND INTERSLOPE DIVERGENCE OF VASCULAR PLANTS CAUSED BY MICROCLIMATIC DIFFERENCES AT “EVOLUTION CANYON”, LOWER NAHAL OREN, MOUNT CARMEL, ISRAEL

Species diversity of plants was recorded in 1992 and 1993 at seven stations of the “Evolution Canyon” microsite. Higher solar radiation on the South-Facing Slope (SFS) causes warm, xeric savannoid formation versus temperate, cool, mesic, dense maquis on the North-Facing Slope (NFS), and riverine, segetal plant formations on the Valley Bottom (VB). In an area of 7000 m2, we recorded 320 vascular plant species in 217 genera and 59 families. Plant cover varied from 35% (SFS) to 150% (NFS). Annuals predominated among all life forms (61.3% of all species). SFS and NFS varied in species content, sharing only 31–18% of species. Phytogeographical types varied among the two slopes and valley bottom. Inter-and intraslope species composition varied drastically due to differential microclimatic stresses, thereby demonstrating at a microscale natural selection in action.
Study on Yak Fattening Trial Under Shed Feeding in Alpine-cold Pasture Area

The experiment results showed that under hothouse feeding,absolute gain in weight and,relative gain in weight of the yaks in first group were 5.9kg,4.94% and 31.44kg,26.59% more than those of the yaks in second and control group,and ones of the yaks in second group were 5.54kg,21.65% and 0.4kg/head·d more than those of the yaks in control group,there was a greatly significant differences in daily gain of yaks between both treatment groups in same pasture period(P0.01). but there was the significant difference in daily gain of yaks with same treatment in different posture period(P0.05). And there was a greatly significant linear regression relation between gain and intake,Y=-aX+b,(a0).
Late postnaupliar development of Monstrilla sp. (Copepoda: Monstrilloida), a protelean endoparasite of benthic polychaetes

Polychaete specimens from Hawaii were infected by the copepod Monstrilla. The development of these protelean parasites has remained unstudied for more than a century. Three postnaupliar endoparasitic stages were obtained: copepodids CIII, CIV, and CV, the latter stage found previous to and during emergence. Copepodid development, including the body and appendages (antennules, legs 1–4, caudal rami), is described and analyzed. The feeding tubes and the exiting from the host are also described. In light of the recently proposed inclusion of monstrilloids among caligiform copepods, it was found that monstrilloid copepodid development diverges from caligiforms and other copepod groups in: (1) the segmentation of the urosome at CIII, (2) the early formation of a genital complex, (3) early completion of swimming legs setation, at CIII; (4) delayed segmentation of rami of leg 3 at CIII (vs. the usual two-segmented pattern), (5) loss of one exopodal seta of leg 1 at CIV, (6) full development of leg 1 endopod vs. usually vestigial condition in caligiforms; (7) earlier segmentation of leg 4 rami, and (8) stable interstage (CIII–CV) setation pattern of legs 3 and 4. Overall, monstrilloid development appears to have unique characters and their phylogenetic relations deserve further study.
Life histories and interspecific competition between three Daphnia species in rockpools

(1) The importance of interspecific competition relative to other factors in affecting the distribution and local coexistence of three rockpool Daphnia species is evaluated using experimental data on life histories and competitive abilities. (2) D. longispina showed life-history traits commonly believed to have evolved in response to size-selective predation on larger prey individuals. D. pulex and D. magna had comparatively high rates of increase, which is of special importance in, for example, temporary rockpools. D. magna is presumably adapted to more eutrophic conditions than the other two species. (3) In laboratory experiments, D. pulex was the best competitor, whereas the outcome between D. magna and D. longispina depended on temperature and food conditions. The larger D. magna did better at the lower temperature and in the higher food density. Body size alone could not be used to predict the outcome of competition experiments. In field experiments lasting for two summers, competitive exclusion did not occur. (4) This study supports the view that closely related species are often unable to exclude each other, even though competition may be intense. Local distribution patterns of rockpool Daphnia probably depend more on species-specific responses to abiotic factors, food density and predation, rather than on colonization, extinction and competitive exclusion.
The roles of LINEs, LTRs and SINEs in lineage-specific gene family expansions in the human and mouse genomes

We explored genome-wide patterns of RT content surrounding lineage-specific gene family expansions in the human and mouse genomes. Our results suggest that the size of a gene family is an important predictor of the RT distribution in close proximity to the family members. The distribution differs considerably between the three most common RT classes (LINEs, LTRs and SINEs). LINEs and LTRs tend to be more abundant around genes of multi-copy gene families, whereas SINEs tend to be depleted around such genes. Detailed analysis of the distribution and diversity of LINEs and LTRs with respect to gene family size suggests that each has a distinct involvement in gene family expansion. LTRs are associated with open chromatin sites surrounding the gene families, supporting their involvement in gene regulation, whereas LINEs may play a structural role, promoting gene duplication. This suggests that gene family expansions, especially in the mouse genome, might undergo two phases, the first is characterized by elevated deposition of LTRs and their utilization in reshaping gene regulatory networks. The second phase is characterized by rapid gene family expansion due to continuous accumulation of LINEs and it appears that, in some instances at least, this could become a runaway process. We provide an example in which this has happened and we present a simulation supporting the possibility of the runaway process. Our observations also suggest that specific differences exist in this gene family expansion process between human and mouse genomes.
BAT FAUNAS: A TROPHIC COMPARISON

Wilson, Don E. (Bird and Mammal Laboratories, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C. 20560) 1973. Bat faunas: a trophic comparison. Syst. Zool. 22:1429. -The bat faunas of the six zoogeographic regions are compared using taxonomic and trophic analyses. Similarity indices are calculated using the percent of total species per area for each genus and the importance of various trophic roles in the areas. Trophic role values were calculated by multiplying generic importance values by indices for the importance of applicable trophic roles for each genus and summing the values for every genus in a given region. Faunal regions are much more similar trophically than taxonomically. Although geographic patterns are discernable from taxonomic approaches, climatic patterns are more important trophically. All of the trophic roles are highly variable from region to region, but foliage gleaning is the least variable. The most important trophic role in all regions is that of the aerial insectivores, followed in order of decreasing importance by frugivory, foliage gleaning, nectarivory, piscivory, carnivory and sanguinivory. [Trophic levels; faunal regimes; bats. ] Lein (1972) recently analyzed the zoogeography of birds utilizing a quantitative approach based on trophic rather than taxonomic groups. His results spurred me to attempt a similar analysis using bats, both for comparative purposes and for the in
Early-Season Thrips Control on Cotton in New Mexieo

In-furrow planting applications of Di-Syston® ( O,O -diethyl S-2-(ethylthio)ethyl phosphorodithioute) and phorate controlled heavy infestations of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) on cotton seedlings for 7 and R weeks, respectively. Spray applications of methy1parathion and methyl parathion plus toxaphene also controlled thrips, but toxaphene alone did not. Di-Syston and phorate applied as side dressings to cotton plants 9 weeks after planting did not significantly reduce populations of lygus bugs, Lygus lineoloris (Palisot de Beauvois), L. Hesperus Knight and L. elisus Van Duzee, and cotton fleahoppers, Spanogonicus albofasciacus Reuter. Plant stands were not significantly affected by the treatments although yield data indicate that fruiting and plant maturation were delayed by the phorate treatments. The results showed that early-season thrips control on cotton in New Mexico significantly increased yields, and that in-furrow applications or Di-Syston were especially effective.
A METHOD FOR REARING NYSIUS ERICAE (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE), THE FALSE CHINCH BUG

Abstract The false chinch bug, Nysius ericae (Schilling), was reared successfully in clear polystyrene containers in the laboratory. Nymphs were fed hulled sunflower seeds and radish slices; adults were fed hulled sunflower seeds and seedlings of Brassica juncea mustard or B. napus canola. Eggs were laid in rolls of compacted cotton, stored at 5 ± 1°C, and brought out to room temperature for hatching. Résumé La fausse punaise fétide, Nysius ericae (Schilling) a été élevée avec succès au laboratoire en contenants de polystyrène transparent. Les nymphes ont reçu une alimentation de graines de tournesol décortiquées et de radis tranché; les adultes avaient un régime de graines de tournesol décortiquées et de jeunes plants de moutarde Brassica juncea ou de colza canola B. napus. Les oeufs ont été placés dans des rouleaux de coton pressé, gardés à la température de 5 ± 1°C, et ramenés à la température d’ambiance pour l’éclosion.
Alkali Pretreatment of Cereal Crop Residues for Second-Generation Biofuels

Mild alkali cooking of lignocellulosic biomass is an effective pretreatment method, which improves enzymatic hydrolysis. Here, we report the use of dilute alkali (NaOH) pretreatment followed by enzyme saccharification of cereal residues for their potential to serve as feedstock in the production of next-generation biofuels in Australia. After pretreatment, both solids and lignin content were found to be inversely proportional to treatment severity. We also found that higher temperatures and alkali strength were quintessential for maximizing sugar recoveries from enzyme saccharifications. Generally, pretreatment conditions at elevated temperatures led to highly digestible material enriched in both cellulose and hemicellulose components. Increasing cellulase loadings and tailoring enzyme activities with additional β-glucosidases and xylanases delivered greater rates of monosaccharide sugar release and yields throughout enzyme hydrolysis. Considering their abundance, high sugar potential, and apparent ease o.
Variation and Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti

A morphological examination was made of 469 specimens of Etheostoma kennicotti from throughout the range of the species. Four characters were found to be sexually dimorphic, and six characters were found to vary allometrically. Five characters showed clinal geographic variation with specimens from the Cumberland River system at one end of the dine and specimens from Illinois and northwestern Kentucky at the other end. Distinct intraspecific populations are not recognizable and use of the subspecific name, E. k. cumberlandicum, should be discontinued. The distribution of E. kennicotti appears to be related to the distribution of other species of the subgenus Catonotus.
Human health risk assessment and source diagnosis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the corn and agricultural soils along main roadside in Changchun, China

ABSTRACT This work was to investigate distribution characteristics, human health risk assessment, and possible sources of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in corn and surface soils of farmlands along main roadside in Changchun City, Jilin Province, China. Total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 1572.4 to 4390.2 µg/kg with a mean value of 2954.9 µg/kg in soils and from 219.9 to 627 µg/kg with a mean value of 362µg/kg in corn. Light-molecular-weight PAHs (2–3 rings) concentration was dominant in soils, accounting for 51%, whereas high-molecular-weight PAHs (5–6 rings) concentration was highest in corn, accounting for 48%. The results of plant concentration factor indicated that high-molecular-weight PAHs have greater mobility. To evaluate potential risk to human health, hazard index (HI) and risk index (RI) were employed. The values of HI for corn and soils were both smaller than 1, indicating that exposure of PAHs posed no or little potential risk to local residents. The fact that values of RI for corn and soils were smaller than 1 × 10–4 suggested that exposure of PAHs posed no or little cancer risk to local residents. The possible sources of PAHs in corn and soils were both identified as mixture patterns of pyrogenic and petrogenic sources.
The Biology of the Lesser Peach Tree Borer in Virginia

The adult female of the lesser peach tree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (G. & R.), prefers to oviposit in broken bark, and no evidence was found to indicate that larvae initiated injury to young trees, The incubation period of the eggs varied from 8 to 20 days, depending upon the season of the year. Large numbers of newly hatched larvae died before becoming established in the trees, and the highest survival occurred when the larvae had ready access to active wounds. Two generations of the lesser peach tree borer develop in Virginia each year. The first brood larvae grow rapidly and complete their development in about 50 days, but the second brood larvae pass the winter in various stages and require approximately 240 days for development. The cocooned prepupal stage lasts from 3 to 7 days, and the pupal period from 15 to 128 days.
Strategies Employed by Frogs and Toads (Amphibia, Anura) to Avoid Predation by Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes)

Representatives of Rana clamitans, R. palustris, R. pipiens, Bufo americanus, B. terrestris, B. quercicus, Hyla cinerea, H. chrysoscelis, H. crucifer, H. femoralis, Acris gryllus, Limnaoedus ocularis, Gastrophryne carolinensis, and Scaphiopus holbrooki were placed into an enclosure with a snake predator. Escape strategies, including crouching, chin tucking, body inflation, flight, backing, climbing, digging, holding, walking and remaining motionless were observed and evaluated in relation to anuran survival.
INVERSELY DENSITY-DEPENDENT PARASITISM: THE ROLE OF PLANT REFUGES FOR HOSTS

(1) The response of a parasitoid species to host density was investigated for a host species concealed by plant tissues. The parasitoid was Pteromalus sp. and the host was a stem-galling sawfly, Euura lasiolepis on the willow, Salix lasiolepis. (2) For three consecutive years in natural populations the parasitoid responded in an inversely density-dependent manner to host density, as density varied among patches of hosts on willow clones.
Toxic effect of deltamethrin on the life table and development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

Abstract Effect of deltamethrin (Decis 2.8% EC) on the fitness of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) was determined using demographic studies. Survivorship (Ix) and expectancy (ex) was high with commencement of age and gradually decreased with progression of age in the exposed and unexposed groups. Highest number of unhatched eggs (~20%) was recorded with LC50 (79.0 mg/L) opposed to 1% in the control. Daily fecundity rate was significantly greater (200 females/day) in the control than 126 in LC20 (5.13 mg/L). Potential fecundity was lowest (179 females/female/generation) with LC50 treatment than 675 in the control. Smallest value of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) occurred at LC50 (0.0393 females/female/day) while the highest value (0.0539) was at control. Overall larval development was significantly reduced to 18.0 days with LC50 opposed to 24.1 days at control. Pupal period was shortened to 7.6 days with LC50, while it recorded 9.3 days in control.
Pectoral Fin Contact Between Dolphin Dyads at Zoo Duisburg, with Comparison to Other Dolphin Study Populations

Tactile exchanges using the pectoral fin have been noted in a variety of dolphin species. In this study, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at Zoo Duisburg in Germany were seen to exchange pectoral fin contact much like both wild and captive dolphins. The rate of overall contact (touches and rubs) was slightly larger among the Zoo Duisburg dolphins than for three other study sites, although relative rates for contact via rubs and touches by Zoo Duisburg dolphins appears similar to that of dolphins at the other study sites. Pectoral fin contact between Zoo Duisburg dolphins was more similar to that of dolphins at the Roatan Institute for Marine Sciences in that there was no difference in whether the dolphin was rubber or rubbee when initiating pectoral fin contact, although at all sites, including Zoo Duisburg, the rubber was more often the initiator of a pectoral fin contact. More similar to both wild groups, but not the other captive group of dolphins, Zoo Duisburg dolphins had a strong preference for the horizontal body posture when exchanging pectoral fin contacts. The most striking result is that all dolphins studied have a strong preference for body part contacted: when the rubbee is initiator, the top three body parts most contacted by all dolphins include the face, rostrum, and side. Similarly, when in the role of rubber initiator, the top most contacted and third most contacted body parts are identical at all four study sites. The exchange of contact via the pectoral fin seems to be a conserved action with respect to form and function across dolphin species regardless of the environment in which the dolphins reside.
The Effect of Lime and Organic Matter on the Erodibility of Cecil Clay

SummaryThe addition of lime to Cecil clay under field conditions reduced the permeability and had a dispersing effect on the soil aggregates. It would be expected to increase the susceptibility of the soil to erosion. Applications of organic matter up to four tons per acre had little effect on porosity after six months and no significant effect on aggregation or permeability after eighteen months. Single applications of organic matter in amounts consistent with practical fertility requirements did not materially alter the structural properties of Cecil clay. Lime applications to Cecil soils should be made in amounts needed to satisfy nutritional requirements, but excessively heavy applications should be avoided. It is probable that the increased plant coverage resulting from small applications of lime will far overbalance the tendency of lime to increase susceptibility of soils to erosion.
Irruptive Potential in Roe Deer: Density-Dependent Effects on Body Mass and Fertility

We examined the irruptive potential of a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) population on a 10-km 2 island 2 km off the coast of central Norway (63°40' N). As roe deer density increased from 10 to 34.5 animals/ km 2 from spring 1991 to spring 1994, reproductive status was determined in 33 2-year old and 66 adult, radiocollared does. Body mass was known for 19 adults and 12 2-year old females. The studied population had a high overall rate of increase, r = 0.409, although this decreased with increasing population density. Density only explained 2.8% and 6.7% of the variation in maternal body mass of 2-year olds and adults, respectively, and an examination of individual trajectories showed that density did not affect litter size either. Body mass did not affect reproductive status in the 2 age groups; however, body mass affected the number of fawns produced. Females with above average body mass had 40% higher productivity than females with below average body mass. The ability of female roe deer to maintain high body condition and high reproductive rates at high density means that monitoring of vital rates alone will not allow managers to detect these potential rapid increases in density until they have irrupted. Therefore, direct monitoring of population size or an index of population abundance is needed to allow rapid changes in harvest level that can prevent irruptions.