Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of four medicinal plants.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the leaf and stem extracts of Ricinus communis, Solanum nigrum, Clerodendrum infortunatum and Calotropis gigantea. The selected plants were made a comparative study of medicinal value. The result of phytochemical analyses revealed that chemical diversity in aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of R. communis which showed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides and anthraquinones. Phytochemical compound is comparative less in ethyl acetate extracts of leaf from S. nigrum, C. infortunatum and C. gigantea. In Total Phenol Content assay (TPC), the highest concentration of phenols was found in ethanol leaf extracts of R. communis (800 mg GAE/100 g) and the less amount of TPC recorded in aqueous extracts of C. infortunatum (20 mgGAE/100 g). The Total Flavonoids Content assay (TFC) value followed similar trend the highest concentration was found Original Research Article Das et al.; EJMP, 6(4): 191-199, 2015; Article no.EJMP. 2015.055 192 in ethyl acetate leaf extracts of R. communis (450 mg CE/100 g) and the absent in aqueous extracts of C. gigantea and C. infortunatum. The antimicrobial activities of aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts leaf and stem were determined on selected bacteria, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and the fungus, Curvularia lunata. The result indicates that the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of R. communis were showed strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 100 mg/ml respectively. Even ethanol leaf extracts of Ricinus communis showed better zone of inhibition diameter 45±0.65 mm compared to other plants extract against fungus, Curvularia lunata.
A New Barcheek Darter Species from Buck Creek (Cumberland River System), Kentucky (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Catonotus: Oopareia)

Abstract Etheostoma nebra, the Buck Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Buck Creek system of the Cumberland River drainage in Kentucky, USA. The earliest collection records of Etheostoma nebra date to 1955 and were considered a population of Etheostoma virgatum. Etheostoma nebra is delimited through morphological comparisons with Etheostoma virgatum and phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from a mitochondrial gene and five nuclear genes. Etheostoma nebra is distinguished from Etheostoma virgatum by a lower number of total lateral scales, fewer pored lateral scales and modally 13 compared with 12 pectoral fin rays. The two species also differ in patterns of pigmentation and nuptial male coloration. In the molecular phylogenies, Etheostoma nebra is not resolved as the sister species of Etheostoma virgatum. A review of all museum collection records of Etheostoma nebra and extensive field surveys in the Buck Creek system demonstrate a dramatic decline of the species over the past 30 years. Collections made from 1955 to 1981 show that Etheostoma nebra was widespread throughout the Buck Creek system, but the species is currently restricted to a small portion of Flat Lick Creek. Etheostoma nebra is critically imperiled based on its restricted geographic distribution and documented disappearance of populations within the Buck Creek system during the past three decades.
Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitic upon leaf‐mining insects of the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera

1 Rearing records of fourteen species of Braconidae and thirteen species of Ichneumonidae from leaf‐mining insects of the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera are presented. 2 Braconidae are more abundant and specialized than Ichneumonidae in the parasite faunas of leafminers on both deciduous trees and low‐growing plants. 3 Although seldom comprising a major element in the parasite complex on deciduous trees, Braconidae are sometimes numerically the dominant parasites on low‐growing plants. 4 Apanteles circumscriptus associated with Fagaceae is shown to reproduce thelytokously.
Genetic stock composition of loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta bycaught in the pelagic waters of the North Atlantic

Sea turtle populations disperse widely across oceans and migrate between terrestrial nesting habitat and distant feeding and developmental habitats. Understanding population stock structure is important for accurately assessing threats such as mortality from fishery bycatch and for defining specific demographic units of conservation concern. We compared 775 bp mtDNA control region haplotypes from 389 juvenile loggerhead turtles sampled as bycatch in the US pelagic longline fishery in the western North Atlantic Northeast Distant (NED) region to haplo- type frequencies observed in 23 genetically distinct nesting stocks representing the 4 distinct pop- ulation segments (DPSs) that have been identified throughout the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterran- ean Sea. We used Bayesian mixed-stock analysis to produce stock composition estimates for juvenile loggerhead turtles that use pelagic habitat in the central North Atlantic. We found that nearly all of the loggerheads caught in NED waters belonged to the Northwest Atlantic DPS (mean = 99.2%), with the majority coming from the large eastern Florida rookeries (mean = 84.0%). We also detected contributions from the western Florida rookeries (mean = 11.7%) and Mexico (mean = 3.5%) but found little evidence of contributions from the rookeries of the South Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, or Mediterranean DPSs. These results will help improve specific threat assessments and are relevant to ongoing development of conservation plans that are aligned to the recent DPS listings for loggerheads.
Anti-Diarrhoeal Effects of Probiotics on Children

Diarrhoeal disease is one of the major problems among under-five year children in Bangladesh. Probiotics have been suggested to be used in acute diarrhoea. Several different probiotics are commercially available in our country. The objective of this experimental study was to assess the effects of probiotics among under-five year children suffering from diarrhoea. This study was conducted using probiotics with oral rehydration solution (ORS) and ORS only which were given to the children for the treatment of acute diarrhoea. It was conducted using three probiotics namely, Probio, Enterogermina, and TS6 with ORS only (control group) among one hundred and sixty under-five children admitted to Chittagong Maa-Shishu General Hospital in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Children were divided into group 1, received ORS only and group 2, group 3, group 4, received Probio, Enterogermina, TS6 probiotics with ORS, respectively. The duration of diarrhoea and daily stool outputs of children was recorded during hospitalization. The study showed that three probiotics had significantly reduced the frequency of diarrhoea of children than ORS only. Three probiotics had significant or positive effect on children with acute diarrhoea resulting in shorter (P <0.001) duration of diarrhoea (hours). Keywords: Diarrhoeal diseases, children, probiotics, oral rehydration solution (ORS) Cite this Article Akter S, Aziz MA, Sharmin KN et al. Anti-Diarrhoeal Effects of Probiotics on Children. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology. 2018; 8(1): 15–21p.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern among Staphylococcus spp. with emphasis on detection of mecA gene in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in hospital setting and in the community and causes a wide range of diseases. MRSA infection has recently become a serious problem in anti-microbial chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to detect and analyze the antibiotic diversity and isolation of methicillin resistance gene (mecA) of S. aureus isolated from Tehran hospitals as a rapid and reliable method. Patients and methods: We studied 585 isolates of staphylococcus spp. recovered from patients at 3 clinical centers in Tehran from October 2005 to October 2006. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates was achieved with 13 antibiotics by disc diffusion. The MIC of methicillin was also performed by broth micro dilution assay. PCR was used for detection of mecA gene. Results: Totally, 321 (54.7%) isolates were identified as S. aureus. 66, 65, 88, 88, 100, 41, 38, 41, 0, 40, 93, 20 and 64% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to kanamycin, cephotaxim, methicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprime, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline, respectively. All MRSA and 63% of intermediate isolates carried mecA gene. Conclusion: In contrary to other studies in Iran, the prevalence of methicillin resistance is rising up in Tehran and most of MRSA isolates were resistance to 5 antibiotics at least. Vancomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and clindamycin are the most effective antibiotics. All MRSA isolates had mecA gene with different expression. Detection of mecA gene is a rapid and reliable method for identification of MRSA isolates.
Live Performance and Carcass Yield of Male Broilers from Two Commercial Strain Crosses Receiving Rations Containing Lysine Below and Above the Established Requirement Between Six and Eight Weeks of Age

Abstract A total of 1,440 male broilers from two commercial strain crosses, Peterson × Arbor Acres (PAA) and Ross × Ross (RR), was grown to 6 wk of age on crumbled starter (23.2% CP with 1.21% lysine and 3,231 kcal AMEn/kg) and grower (20% CP with 1.01% lysine and 3,234 kcal AMEn/kg) rations. One-half of the 24 birds from each pen were processed and deboned at 6 wk of age. The remaining birds subsequently received experimental rations from 6 to 8 wk of age based on corn, soybean meal, and corn gluten meal (basal ration= 18.1% CP and 2,961 kcal AMEn/kg) containing increasing levels of dietary lysine (.75, .85, .95, 1.05, and 1.15% of complete feeds). All birds were then processed and deboned as performed at 6 wk. The main effects of dietary lysine and strain were analyzed by analysis of variance as a factorial arrangement at 8 wk of age. Live performance of PAA at 8 wk was significantly better than RR, and neither strain cross responded to lysine. The RR had a significantly lower percentage of abdominal fat, and greater percentages chilled carcass and yields of breast “fillets” (Pectoralis major), and “tenders” (Pectoralis minor) than PAA at both 6 and 8 wk. Dietary lysine alone did not affect any carcass characteristic, however, interactions existed between strain and lysine for abdominal fat, breast fillets yield, and tenders yield, which indicated that RR was at advantage for all factors when lysine attained . 85%.
Efeito da exploração florestal seletiva em uma floresta estacional semidecidual

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability capacity of a logging native forest based on the knowledge of its structure before and after logging, aiming to determine measures to minimize the impacts caused by harvesting on the remaining vegetation. It was observed an increase in the number of families and species two years after logging at the adult level, i.e., DBH > 5 cm, due to ingrowth, the same not being observed in the lowest level. The distribution pattern was affected by logging but due to the dynamism of the forest, it should be evaluated before the next logging.
Estudo comparativo das proporções morfométricas entre garanhões e castrados da raça Campolina

In the equine species, the surface characteristics, present a close relationship with its functional classification. The scientific use of linear measurements can contribute decisively in the selective process of many breeds, by identifying the higher morphologically individuals and excluding from reproduction those that are not closed to desirable. The present study objected to evaluate and compare, the linear measures from stallions and gelded horses registered in ABCCCampolina’s CP6 and CP8 books, and to determinate the existing correlations. In order to reach so, 15 linear measures from 4.837 stallions and 1.371 gelded were evaluated from descriptive statistic, Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance. Generally, higher values of correlations were observed for stallions than to gelded ones. To stallions, most of the measures were significantly influenced (P<0,01) by the year of birth, state of birth and coat color, while to gelded ones the coat color showed lower influence (P<0,01) upon the measures. It’s important to notice that castration did not committed the animal’s final growth, however the breeders non sense the lack of appropriated criteria during the selection process and personal preferences can contribute towards stablishing breed characters rather than functionals. This can be highlighted by the fact that Campolina’s gelded horses showed, in average, better proportioned than stallions.
GROWTH AND MORPHOGENESIS OF SUN AND SHADE PLANTS III. THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY AND NUTRIENT SUPPLY

SUMMARY In three experiments the effects of light intensity and nutrient supply (nitrate or phosphate) and their combined effects on the growth and morphogenesis of two shade-tolerant plant species and a non-tolerant species were studied. Nutrient supply was limited by placing the plants on a standard nutrient solution for a limited period each day and placing them on a nitrogen-free or phosphate-free solution for the rest of the day. The effects of light intensity and nitrate supply on growth and morphogenesis showed a marked interaction: low nitrate supply caused a much greater decrease in the relative growth rate under high light intensity, because of much larger changes in the dry matter ditribution; the net assimilation rate was only slightly affected by nitrate supply. The effects of light intensity and phosphate supply on the dry matter distribution and the net assimilation rate both showed interaction, but the effects on the relative growth rate were independent. Low phosphate supply caused greater changes in the dry matter distribution under high light intensity and a greater decrease in the net assimilation rate under low light intensity; the relative growth rate decreased to the same extent under both high and low light intensities. The experimental data were compared with the balanced quantitative model for root/shoot ratios proposed by Thornley (1972). The results were very satisfactory, but it was concluded that the model must be used in its exact form and that the use of approximations cannot be allowed.
Mating Patterns in Avian Hybrid Zones — A Meta-Analysis and Review

Hybrid zones provide a unique opportunity to study the dynamics of isolation barriers. Pre-zygotic isolation through assortative or conspecific mating is thought to be an important aspect of reinforcement and speciation. Although assortative mating has received much attention and nearly a hundred theoretical models have been published, there is a large gap between theory on the one hand and empirical data on the other. To fill this gap, I carried out a meta-analysis on 58 studies which were identified as suitable for the analysis. Most studies had been carried out in the field (n = 52), and six were based on mate choice experiments. Fifty-three studies used plumage scores and five used genetic evidence to assess parental types. I found no correlation between the magnitude of effect sizes and date of publishing (r = 0.181, P = 0.174, n = 58). A fixed effects model without any underlying model structure showed a heterogeneity of Qtotal = 5454.6 (df = 57; P < 0.001) and a significant mean effect size of 0.47 (95% CI 0.46–0.48). The results of the meta-analysis indicate that there is a significant effect of medium strength of assortative mating in avian hybrid zones. By partitioning the data, I found that effect sizes were very large in mate choice trials, and medium in observations in nature. Based on the inspections of the CIs of the mean effect sizes, assortative mating appeared strongest in Passeriformes and Charadriiformes hybrid zones. Further, assortative mating was stronger in narrow hybrid zones compared to wider ones but I found no difference between stable and moving zones.
Pollen Siring Success in the California Wildflower Clarkia unguiculata (Onagraceae)

Abstract Cryptic self-incompatibility (CSI) is a type of non-random mating observed in self-compatible plants in which outcross pollen sires proportionally more seeds than self pollen when both pollen types are available on the stigma. Levels of CSI are known to vary among individuals and populations. We conducted competitive pollinations consisting of mixtures of self and outcross pollen to investigate reports of CSI in certain populations of Clarkia unguiculata Lindl. We also investigated how the order of self and outcross pollen deposition on the stigma influences the degree of nonrandom mating. Finally, we looked at whether the source population of outcross pollen affected the ability of outcross pollen to outcompete self pollen. We utilized recessive (white-petaled) maternal (and self pollen donor) plants from a locality near Morro Bay, California, and dominant (pink-petaled) outcross pollen donor plants from 17 localities widespread through the species range in California. Progenies from pollinations made with equal mixtures of self and cross pollen included significantly more outcross-pollinated than self-pollinated offspring in 10 of the 17 cross-pollen donor populations. However six populations showed no significant difference between self- and outcross-pollinated offspring, and one population yielded a majority of progeny sired by self pollen. Progenies from sequential self pollen followed by outcross pollinations included significantly more self offspring in 12 of the donor populations, no significant difference between outcross and self offspring in four donor populations and significantly more outcross offspring in one donor population. Progenies from sequential outcross pollen followed by self pollinations included significantly more outcross offspring in 15 donor populations and no significant difference between outcross and self offspring in two donor populations. Our results confirm the occurrence of non-random mating in C. unguiculata, and demonstrate that the degree of non-random mating can depend on the order of self vs. outcross pollen deposition and the source population of outcross pollen. This non-random mating can influence the proportion of self and outcross progeny in sequential pollinations.
Response of mango cultivars to modified atmosphere storage at an ambient temperature cv. Alphanso and Chounsa.

293 The study was carried out to evaluate the Modified Atmosphere Packaging techniques at two different maturity stages of ‘Alphanso’ mangoes to reduce the post harvest losses and extend the shelf life of mango at ambient conditions. Results revealed that mangoes packed in polyethylene bags ripened slowly as indicated by skin colour, texture and conversion of starch into sugar but produced brown mature fruit. Fruits less mature (1⁄2 mature) showed higher weight loss than mature fruits. Packaging of mangoes in 0.037mm polyethylene bags resulted in the accumulation of CO2 concentration, which ultimately led to the incidence of CO2 injury. It is concluded that mangoes should be harvested at the advance stage of maturity and the use of polyethylene bags for packaging of fruit in ambient conditions is not practicable to extend the shelf life of mangoes but it might be applicable after further investigation in controlled low temperature and high humidity.
The PlA2 polymorphism of integrin β3 enhances outside-in signaling and adhesive functions

Genetic factors are believed to influence the development of arterial thromboses. Because integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) plays a crucial role in thrombus formation, we analyzed receptor adhesive properties using Chinese hamster ovary and human kidney embryonal 293 cells overexpressing the Pl(A1) or Pl(A2) polymorphic forms of alpha(IIb)beta(3). Soluble fibrinogen binding was no different between Pl(A1) and Pl(A2) cells, either in a resting state or when alpha(IIb)beta(3) was activated with anti-LIBS6. Pl(A1) and Pl(A2) cells bound equivalently to immobilized fibronectin. In contrast, significantly more Pl(A2) cells bound to immobilized fibrinogen in an alpha(IIb)beta(3)-dependent manner than did Pl(A1) cells. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by cytochalasin D abolished the increased binding of Pl(A2) cells. Compared with Pl(A1) cells, Pl(A2) cells exhibited a greater extent of polymerized actin and cell spreading, enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125(FAK), and greater fibrin clot retraction. These adhesion differences appear to depend on a signaling mechanism sensitive to receptor occupancy. Thus, the Pl(A2) polymorphism altered integrin-mediated functions of adhesion, spreading, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, and clot retraction.
Evaluation of vaccination rooms in primary health care units

Objective: to evaluate the vaccination rooms of primary health care units. Methods: evaluative research, in which the Structure and Process in 89 vaccination rooms of six Regional Health Coordination Centers were evaluated through supervision of vaccine rooms of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. Results: most of the professionals were nursing technicians (76.4%) without training in vaccination (31.5%). In the Evaluation of General Aspects/Technical Procedures, decoration objects (43.8%), absence of bench (22.5%), and insufficient number of vaccines (41.6%) were observed. In the evaluation of the Cold Chain, inadequate cleaning of refrigerators (71.9%) and inappropriate temperatures (48.8%) were found. Conclusion: the evaluation of vaccine rooms showed that the structure of the General Aspects/Technical Procedures and Cold Chain components presented good classification, while the evaluation of the process of these components indicated a regular classification.
Morphological and pathogenic characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri causing wilt of chickpea

An extensive survey was conducted during 2007-09 in the Eastern plateau region to study morphological and pathogenic variability amongst isolates of wilt pathogen. Diseased samples from twelve districts were collected and isolations were made from roots of wilted plants. The disease was prevalent at all the locations surveyed and the disease incidence varied from 38.7 to 59.2%. Twenty four isolates were collected of which , four isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceri from Ranchi, Dumka, Darisai and Chatra were selected for variability studies being geographically distantly located and showing maximum wilt incidence. Terminal Chlamydospores were seen in Chatra isolate which differentiates it from others which were having intercalary Chlamydospores. Maximum sporulation of 1.0x 106 conidia /ml was seen in Ranchi Isolate and minimum of 0.4x106 conidia /ml was observed in Dumka Isolate. On International set of Chickpea differentials, Isolates from Ranchi Dumka and Darisai showed reaction similar to race 7 while Chatra isolate showed reaction similar to race 4 which is a new race report from the state.