Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical value of four-quadrant method use in CT and MRI to evaluation of the orbital tumor

Purpose: To evaluates the efficacy of four-quadrant method in CT and MRI for diagnosis and differential diagnoses of the orbital tumor. The location of the orbital tumor was assigned to: superolateral, superomedial, inferolateral, inferomedial, and optic never were considered as the center point. Methods: From Sep-2008 to April-2016 a total of 87 cases of orbital tumor were included in study. All included orbital tumors were verified radiologically and histopathologically. Forty nine patients underwent CT scanning and 38 patients underwent MR Imaging. We classified the orbital region according to four-quadrant location method and eight spaces. The frequency distribution of individual CT and MR imaging features in the benign tumor was compared with malignant tumor by using Chi-square tests. Results: Among the 87 cases of the orbital tumor, 70 cases (80.45%) were benign tumor and 17 cases (19.54%) were malignant tumor. Regarding the four-quadrant location of the orbit, 41 lesions (47.12 %) were in superolateral, 18 lesions (20.68%) in inferolateral, 16 lesions (18.39%) in inferomedial, 8 lesions (9.19%) in superomedial, 3 lesions (3.44%) in globe, 1 lesion (1.14%) was in optic nerve. There was significant difference in four quadrant location by comparing benign with malignant tumor (P=0.023). Hemangiomas were the predominant benign lesion and lymphoma was major type of malignancy. Conclusion: The four-quadrant and eight-space (FQES) division of the orbit may play an important role in determining the anatomical location, origin and nature of orbital tumor, and aid in diagnosis and treatment.
Virtual reality simulation in orthopaedic surgical training during periods of restricted clinical hours: a systematic review

Background: The public health response to the coronavirus pandemic has imposed limitations on orthopaedic surgeons’ scheduled care practice, with a consequential reduction in training time for residents within the specialty. A potentially viable option for maintenance of operative competency is the use of virtual reality (VR) surgical simulation. This review looks at the effectiveness of VR as a pedagogical method of learning for orthopaedic trainees. Question: Can VR be a viable method of learning and skill retention for orthopaedic trainees during periods of reduced operative time? Methods: A systematic search using Google Scholar, EMBASE and PubMed was conducted in July 2020. Results: Following the PRISMA guidelines, the initial search revealed 779 studies. Thirty-five full-text articles were analysed by two reviewers and a final total of 29 articles were included in this review. The levels of evidence ranged from one to four with variable quality. A thematic analysis revealed three broad categories: quality and validity of VR teaching simulations studies (n = 8); learning curves and subject performance papers (n = 14); usefulness of VR simulators in orthopaedics reviews (n = 7). Conclusion: We demonstrated that VR has the capacity to help trainees maintain their technical skills, enhance their precision and retain rudimentary competency during this pandemic. Additional developments are necessary to ensure its safety as a training tool. Although there are limited orthopaedic-specific VR simulators, surgical trainees can benefit from VR-based training when paired with other forms of orthopaedic education, such as cadaveric laboratories and simulation suites.
Smoking Behavior Among Students: Using HBM and ZIOP Model

Background The purpose of this study was to explore the predictors of smoking among high school students using health belief model (HBM). Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants were 425 boys (mean age was 16.7 ± 0.85 and ranged from 15 to 19 years) among high school students in Bandar-Abbas city. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisted of two main sections: Socio-demographic characteristics and HBM constructs. The zero-inflated ordered probit (ZIOP) model was used for investigating the association between health belief model constructs and smoking behavior. Results Results indicated that 82% of participants never smoked cigarette at all. The results of ZIOP model showed that knowledge, susceptibility, severity, benefits and cues to action had significant effect (P < 0.05) on smoking cigarette after adjusting for other covariates (i.e age, parents’ education, losing one of the parents). Moreover, having a smoker friend was an inflation factor (P < 0.001). Adolescents with smoking friends are 44% less likely not to smoke at all. Conclusion Based on these findings, having a smoker friend, knowledge, susceptibility, severity, benefits and cues to action have a key role in predicting smoking and should be considered in designing educational programs aiming at reducing smoking initiation among adolescents.
Structure of low-order hemimorphite produced in a Zn-rich environment by cyanobacterium Leptolingbya frigida

Abstract Microbes play a fundamental role in the precipitation of silicate biominerals, thereby affecting the Si geochemical cycle. The fine mechanisms ruling biomineralization are not yet fully understood, and their microscopic structures can offer deep insight into their processes of formation, reactivity and stability. In this study, a Zn silicate biomineral, extracellularly produced by cyanobacterium Leptolingbya frigida, was investigated combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Zn K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and other complementary techniques. 29Si magic angle spinning and 29Si/1H cross polarization magic angle spinning analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and XAS analysis revealed a poorly crystalline phase closely resembling hemimorphite [Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O]. Zn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) provided further structural details, revealing that the Zn-O-Si interatomic distances were 7–8% shorter than the abiotic mineral. 13C NMR spectra analysis was conducted to investigate the composition of the Zn silicate biomineral organic matrix, and results revealed that C atoms occurred in several functional groups such as carbonyl carbons, C rings, O-aliphatic chains, N-aliphatic chains, and aliphatic chains. Under slightly alkaline conditions, bacterial cell walls exhibited fundamental control on the biomineralization process by binding Zn ions and forming Zn–O–Si bonds. In this way, L. frigida cell walls served as a reactive surface for the precipitation of this Zn sorosilicate, hindering the condensation of silicon dimers. Moreover, we found a 29Si NMR band at 85 ppm that could be attributed to a (C3H6O3)2Si complex. This complex could play a role in the control of silicon polymerization, with implications for Si biomineralization processes.
Fast Full Search Equivalent Block Matching for Multichannel Images

Block matching is a fundamental tool to search blocks (patches) similar or identical to a given query in image processing. Generally, a full search (FS) algorithm is the most accurate but requires vast computation especially in multichannel images, where the data volume is increasing due to higher definition and more channels. In this paper, we present a fast FS-equivalent algorithm using orthonormal tree-structured Haar transform (OTSHT) for multichannel images. We demonstrate the superior performance of three-dimensional OTSHT comparing with state-of-the-art algorithms. This significant speedup can enable new applications of block matching in multichannel images.
Causes of Stress among the Management Staff of a Nigerian College of Education: College of Education, Ikere Ekiti: A Case Study

This study investigated the causes of stress among management staff of Nigerian College of Education. A descriptive research, design of the survey type was used in the study.The sample consisted of 150 respondents who occupied various administrative positions in the College of Education. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used for the study. A self-designed Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage scores and bar chart. It was found that, the major causes of stress among the management are First In Last Out(F1LO) complex. It was also revealed in the study that self-induced stressor was the predominant among the management staff. In order to reduce stress among the management staff, they should not place too much emphasis on the need to achieve; they should manage their time properly and should not spend more than necessary hours in their places of work.
Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Different Educational Aspects of Surgical Specialties’ Residency Program: A Preliminary Report

Introduction: The lifestyle and learning of trainees from different surgical specialties have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the growing body of research, the extent to which their surgical or educational performance is affected is not yet well-understood. We investigated the Iranian multi-specialty surgical residents nationwide to clarify the extent this new pandemic’s has affected their surgical and educational activities. Material and Methods: Our specialized board designed a questionnaire which was sent to residents from the 18th of May to 12th of Jun 2020. The questionnaire comprised demographic data, questions on the clinical, surgical, and educational activities during and before the pandemic. Results: Out of 700 eligible residents, 543 (77%) submitted their answers to all questions. 417 (76.8%) of the respondents declared they had spent their residency program at a hospital that was the main referral center for patients with COVID-19 infection. The weekly number of the outpatient and emergent visits decreased by one third (P<0.001) and one-half (P<0.001), respectively, following the pandemic. Also, the amount of surgeries has dramatically decreased (P<0.001). The median weekly hours devoted to face-to-face activities decreased, while the study time increased and the share of virtual education has a five-fold increase (P<0.001). Conclusion: This pandemic had a significant impact on many aspects of training in surgical specialties’ residency program in Iran. Increasing the time available to study is an opportunity, and online education, despite its challenges, has been effective.
In-vitro evaluation of the microhardness and fluoride releasing properties of chlorhexidine+benzalkonium chloride mixtures incorporated into conventional glass ionomer cement

A mac: Atravmatik restoratif tedavide, antibakteriyel materyallerin cam iyonomer siman (CIS) ile birlikte kullaniminin restorasyon altindaki bakterilerin eliminasyonunda yararli oldugu dusunulmektedir. Bununla birlikte cesitli antibakteriyel materyallerin CIS’lara eklenmesi sonucunda simanin yapisinda zararli fiziksel ve kimyasal degisimler olusabilir. Bu nedenle, bu arastirmada Klorheksidin (KHX)+ Benzalkonyum klorid (BK) karisimi geleneksel cam iyonomer siman (GCIS)’in tozunun icerisine katilarak mikrosertlik ve fluorur salim ozelliklerindeki degisimlerin analiz edilmesi amaclandi. Gerec ve Yontem: %1 KHX+%1 BK karisimi GCIS’nin tozu icerisine katilarak deney grubu olusturuldu (DNY). Antibakteriyel icermeyen GCIS ise kontrol grubu olarak belirlendi (KNT). Vickers mikrosertlik olcumleri (VMS; n=10; her bir grupta) ve florur salim (FS; n=10, her bir grupta) miktarlari 1 ve 7. gunlerde hesaplandi. Istatistiksel analiz icin Mann Whitney U ve Wilcoxon testleri p 0.05) ve DNY (p>0.05) gruplari arasinda anlamli farklilik gostermedi. Yedinci gun degerleri 1.gun ile karsilastirildiginda ise KNT (p<0.01) ve DNY (p<0.01) gruplarinda anlamli duzeyde daha yuksek FS degerleri gosterdi. Sonuc: %1 KHX+%1 BK karisiminin GCIS ile birlikte kullanimin mikrosertlik degerleri icin problemli ancak florur salim ozellikleri icin KNT grubuna gore daha az ciddi sorun olusturmasinin yanisira, VMS ve FS sonuclarinin zamana bagli olarak degisimlerinin kabul edilebilir oldugu konusunun, gelecekte yapilacak olan arastirmalarda goz ardi edilmemesi gerektigi kanisina varilabilir. Anahtar kelimeler: geleneksel cam iyonomer siman, klorheksidin, benzalkonyum klorid, yuzey mikrosertligi, florur
A Review of Reduction Methods of Impact of Common-Mode Voltage on Electric Drives

In this survey paper, typical solutions that focus on the reduction in negative effects resulting from the common-mode voltage influence in AC motor drive applications are re-examined. The critical effectiveness evaluation of the considered methods is based on experimental results of tests performed in a laboratory setup with an induction machine fed by an inverter. The capacity of a common-mode voltage level reduction and voltage gradient du/dt limitation is discussed to extend motor bearings’ lifetime and increase motor windings’ safety. The characteristic features of the described solutions are compared and demonstrated using laboratory results.
Food Insecurity and Associated Health and Academic Measures Among College Students in Connecticut

This cross-sectional study explored the health and academic impacts of food insecurity among undergraduates at a public university. A representative campus-wide sample (n=792) found that roughly 30% of students were food insecure, based upon a single validated question about the student’s experience over the past year. Food insecure students had lower GPAs (3.09 vs. 3.25), a higher proportion had a depression diagnosis (22.4 vs. 14.3), and a higher proportion ate fewer than three servings of fruits and vegetables per day (14.4% vs. 7.3%) compared to food secure students. A marginally higher proportion of food insecure students had an anxiety diagnosis (22.8% vs. 14.3%) More research is needed to understand the extent and manifestation of food insecurity so effective interventions can be developed.
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS ON ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURES

ABSTRACTThis study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of environmental performance, board size of commissioners, independent commissioners, and the board of commissioners meetings on environmental disclosure. The sample of this study was 81 mining companies participating in PROPER which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2014-2018 period. Environmental disclosure was assessed with GRI-4 guidelines and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that environmental performance and independent commissioners have no effect on environmental disclosure, on the other hand, the board size of commissioners and the board of commissioners meeting have an effect on environmental disclosure.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti secara empiris mengenai pengaruh kinerja lingkungan, ukuran dewan komisaris, komisaris independen dan rapat dewan komisaris terhadap pengungkapan lingkungan. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 81 perusahaan pertambangan peserta PROPER yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2014-2018. Pengungkapan lingkungan dinilai dengan pedoman GRI-4 dan data dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja lingkungan dan komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan lingkungan, disisi lain ukuran dewan komisaris dan rapat dewan komisaris berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan lingkungan.
Antecedents of Capital Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence From G-7 Countries

The main goal of this study is to analyze how monetary debt effects firm behavior of 167 registered manufacturing companies in G-7 countries. The sample of the present study is taken from the listed firms in G-7 countries. For the manufacturing companies, the yearly financial statements of 2007 – 2018 is got from world stock exchange and Thomson Reuters Data Stream. In this study regression analysis are directed with panel data over the period of 2007 to 2018 using ordinary least square (OLS) summary statistics, correlation matrix and Generalized method moments (GMM). The significant findings of the current study indicated that fixed assets, tangible assets, taxes, net cash and profitability have positive association with debt level. Moreover, ownership types are not accounted for in this study. The current analysis is an empirical investigation of antecedents of debt regarding G-7 countries with up-to-date data. The current work has been finalized using genuine data of yearly reports and database. This study incorporated antecedents of debt, which have limited discourse in prior literature. Furthermore, this study explores the connection between debt level and firm performance of G-7 countries
nt Sensorimotor Gating After 6-Hydroxydopamine of the Rat medial Prefrontal Cortex is Reversed bv Haloperidol

The present study sought to test the hypothesis that dopamine in the prefrontal cortex exerts an inhibitory influence on subcortical dopamine systems and that depletion of prefrontal dopamine may affect behaviour via an increase in dopamine release in the basal ganglia. We used prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, i.e. the inhibition of the acoustic startle response by a preceding non-startling stimulus, as the behavioural test, because this phenomenon of sensorimotor gating is modified in opposite directions by dopamine in the prefrontal cortex and in the basal ganglia. Rats were tested for prepulse inhibition before and after injections of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine into the medial prefrontal cortex. We attempted to differentiate the contributions of prefrontal dopamine and noradrenaline by pretreating the animals with desipramine (6-OHDADMI rats) or bupropion (6-OHDABUp rats), selective inhibitors of noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake respectively. 6-Hydroxydopamine lesion reduced prefrontal dopamine by 90% and noradrenaline by 80% in 6-OHDADMI rats, while prefrontal dopamine was reduced by 54% and noradrenaline by 95% in 6-OHDABUp rats. The ability of an acoustic prepulse (75 dB, 10 kHz) to inhibit the response to a startle pulse (1 00 dB noise burst) was maintained in sham-lesioned rats and in 6-OHDABUP rats. However, there was a marked reduction of prepulse inhibition (by 26%) in the 6-OHDADMI rats. Systemic administration of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg), which did not affect prepulse inhibition in sham-lesioned and in 6-OHDABUP rats, antagonized the lesion-induced deficit in prepulse inhibition in 6-OHDADMI rats. These results suggest that prefrontal dopamine is involved in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response. The haloperidol-induced antagonism of the deficit in prepulse inhibition observed in G-OHDADMI rats is compatible with the view that prefrontal dopamine depletion led to overactivity of subcortical dopamine systems involved in prepulse inhibition, i.e. in the nucleus accumbens and/or anteromedial striatum. The significance of prefrontal noradrenaline depletion, which may have partially counteracted the effects of dopamine depletion on prepulse inhibition, is also discussed. Since prepulse inhibition is impaired in schizophrenics, the present findings lend support to the theory of prefrontal dopamine hypofunction in the aetiology of schizophrenia.
CapsPhase: Capsule Neural Network for Seismic Phase Classification and Picking

We develop a capsule neural network (CapsPhase) for seismic data classification and picking. CapsPhase consists of several layers, e.g., convolutional, primary capsule, and digit capsule layer. The convolutional layer extracts the significant features from the seismic data, while the primary capsule combines the extracted features into several vector representations named capsules. Afterward, the primary capsule is connected to the digit capsule layer using a dynamic routing strategy to obtain the vector representation of each output class, i.e., <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-wave, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-wave, and noise class. CapsPhase is trained using 90% of the Southern California seismic dataset, which contains 4.5 million 4 s-three-component seismograms, and is validated and tested using the remaining 10%. Accordingly, the training accuracy reaches 98.70%, while the validation accuracy is 98.67% and the testing accuracy is 98.66%. Furthermore, the CapsPhase is tested using 300 000 earthquake waveforms recorded worldwide from the STanford EArthquake Dataset (STEAD). Accordingly, the precision, recall, and F1-score of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-picks corresponding to the CapsPhase reach 94.50%, 99.86%, and 97.10%, respectively, whereas the precision, recall, and F1-score of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-picks corresponding to the CapsPhase are 88.05%, 99.87%, and 93.60%, respectively. In addition, CapsPhase is evaluated using the Japanese seismic data and is compared to benchmark methods, e.g., short-time average/long-time average (STA/LTA), generalized phase detection (GPD), and CapsNet methods. As a result, CapsPhase reaches F1-scores of 99.10% and 98.64% for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-wave and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-wave arrival times, respectively, and outperforms the benchmark methods. The results show that the CapsPhase has the ability to pick the arrival times accurately despite the existence of strong background noise, e.g., the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) can be as low as −4.97 dB. Besides, the CapsPhase detects the arrival time when the earthquake has a small local magnitude, e.g., as low as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.1~M_{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In addition, we find that the proposed algorithm has the ability to train using a small dataset, which is valuable for regions that have limited training data.
Phi-Bonacci Butterfly Stroke Numbers to Assess Self-Similarity in Elite Swimmers

A harmonically self-similar temporal partition, which turns out to be subtly exhibited by elite swimmers at middle distance pace, is formally defined for one of the most technically advanced swimming strokes—the butterfly. This partition relies on the generalized Fibonacci sequence and the golden ratio. Quantitative indices, named ϕ-bonacci butterfly stroke numbers, are proposed to assess such an aforementioned hidden time-harmonic and self-similar structure. An experimental validation on seven international-level swimmers and two national-level swimmers was included. The results of this paper accordingly extend the previous findings in the literature regarding human walking and running at a comfortable speed and front crawl swimming strokes at a middle/long distance pace.
Student use of Facebook groups as a support for academic learning

ABSTRACT This main objective of this study was to discover how Facebook groups use impact the academic learning of undergraduate students. This paper applied a mixed research method in which the quantitative as core and the qualitative is supplemental. Data from a sample of 590 college students are used to analyze how Facebook groups use, ease, usefulness, and academic performance related to positive and negative correlation among students. It shows a significant relationship between the Facebook groups’ use with ease of use, the usefulness of Facebook groups, and academic performance. Qualitative results suggest that using Facebook groups facilitates the students’ academic learning as it shows their satisfactory academic performance.