Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tannaka duality for enhanced triangulated categories

We develop Tannaka duality theory for dg categories. To any dg functor from a dg category A to finite-dimensional complexes, we associate a dg coalgebra C via a Hochschild homology construction. When the functor is faithful, this gives a quasi-equivalence between the derived dg categories of A-modules and of C-comodules. When A is Morita fibrant (i.e. an idempotent-complete enhanced triangulated category), it is thus quasi-equivalent to the derived dg category of compact C-comodules. We give several applications for pro-algebraic homotopy types associated to various cohomology theories, and for motivic Galois groups.
Haemato-biochemical profile, mineral and electrolyte concentration, and antioxidant status of Zobawng cattle of Mizoram

Blood biochemical profile plays a pivotal role in assessing health status of animals. The present study was conducted to evaluate haematological and biochemical parameters, trace element and electrolyte concentration, oxidant and antioxidant status in local cattle (Zobawng) of Mizoram. The values recorded for Hb (12.61±0.40 g/dL), RBC (9.10±0.50 106/μL), WBC (11.52+1.13 103/μL), PCV (43.36±0.99%), total protein (8.30±0.17 g/dL), globulin, BUN (10.68±0.68 mg/dL) were on higher side than the exotic cattle breeds. Creatinine (1.96±0.10 mg/dL) and GGT (19.22+1.29 U/L) were also towards upper limit. Calcium (9.78+0.13 mmol/ L), magnesium (2.43+0.07 mmol/L) and inorganic phosphorus (6.76+0.27 mmol/L) values were higher than the exotic breeds and also higher than the Indian Zebu cattle. Total antioxidant was higher and the oxidative stress index was lower as compared to the crossbred or exotic cattle. This study provides first insight into the blood biochemistry of these indigenous cattle indicating its higher disease resistance and will be useful for its better management.
Spatiotemporal quasisolitons and resonant radiation in arrays of silicon-on-insulator photonic wires

We have analyzed the conditions for low-power spatiotemporal soliton formation in arrays of evanescently coupled silicon-on-insulator photonic wires. We have verified that pronounced soliton effects can be observed in the presence of realistic loss, two-photon absorption, and higher-order dispersions. A soliton in an $N$-wire array can excite $N$ resonant frequencies, but some of these may be suppressed due to the soliton having zero projection onto the corresponding radiation supermodes. This results in pronounced differences between the radiation spectra observed from solitons excited at the edge and in the center of arrays.
Increasingly Sophisticated Climate Models Need the Out‐Of‐Sample Tests Paleoclimates Provide

Climate models are becoming increasingly sophisticated as climate scientists continually work to improve the realism with which the processes influencing Earth's climate are represented. One example is the treatment of cloud microphysics: as complexity is added to cloud microphysical schemes, Earth's energy budget can respond to changes in climate forcings, such as carbon dioxide or aerosols, in new ways. This increase in degrees of freedom has illuminated larger spread in climate sensitivity across the latest generation of climate models participating Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6, with more high climate sensitivity models (Zelinka et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl085782). Whilst the historical record gives us just over a century of data to apply toward climate sensitivity constraints (e.g., Nijsse et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-737-2020), the ocean is still taking up much of the heat trapped by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and the climate system is far from equilibrium which limits our understanding how climate sensitivity might change in response to long‐term forced climate change. Here we discuss the valuable tests that paleoclimate reconstructions can provide the latest generation of climate models, as demonstrated by the recent study of Zhu et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ms002776. Their study provides an example of the benefits for climate model development when climate models are confronted with simulating climates very different from today. Ideally the climate model development stage under future iterations of CMIP will involve such tests as an effort to constrain global climate sensitivity and the regional patterns of climate, such as polar amplification and subtropical aridification.
New physics models with sterile neutrinos at different energy scales

Neutrino mass requires new physics beyond the Standard Model: sterile neutrinos are one such example. In general the mass scale of such particles is unknown, so that different model building scenarios arise. The aim of this thesis is to accommodate light sterile neutrinos in working models and study the phenomenological consequences. Indeed, sterile neutrinos at the eV scale could explain observed short-baseline anomalies, whereas keV-scale warm dark matter particles could resolve tensions in the standard cosmological model. Different A4 flavour symmetry models are modified to include sterile neutrinos, with the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism controlling their mass spectrum and higher-order effects explicitly taken into account. The resulting signatures in neutrinoless double beta decay are focussed on. In addition, the connection between that process and neutrino mass is studied in the left-right symmetric model: the multitude of contributions are categorised and various special cases are studied numerically. The role of mixed helicity diagrams is emphasised, and the inverse neutrinoless double beta decay process at a linear collider is analysed in detail. These and other experimental signatures will be crucial in deciphering the nature and origin of neutrino mass.
Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Human Rhinovirus—A Retrospective Study

Introduction Human rhinovirus (HRV) can lead to a variety of respiratory illnesses; it is also an uncommon cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We described the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for CAP due to HRV. Methods We retrospectively studied consecutive adult patients admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh with CAP due to HRV between 2016 and 2019. The diagnosis was made by respiratory multiplex PCR within 48 hours of hospitalization. We compared patients requiring ICU admission to those who did not. Results One-hundred-and-six patients were studied (peak hospitalization between November and January, median age 71.5 years, hypertension 59%, diabetes 50%, and chronic respiratory disease 44.3%); 16 (15.1%) patients required ICU admission. The median pneumonia severity index score (PSI) was 107, with no significant difference between ICU and nonICU patients. ICU patients had a higher prevalence of tachypnea (62.5% vs. 26.7%, p=0.005), hemoptysis (12.5% vs 0%, p=0.001), and lymphopenia (71.4% vs 26.3%, p=0.01). Chest X-ray on presentation showed bilateral infiltrates in 47/101 (46.5%) patients and unilateral infiltrates in 26/101 (25.7%) patients. Systemic corticosteroids were used in 54.7% of patients (the median initial dose was 120 mg of prednisone equivalent and was higher in nonICU patients). Most (69.2%) ICU patients received mechanical ventilation (median duration of 8 days). Bacterial coinfection (6.6%) and superinfection (3.8%) were rare. The overall hospital mortality was 9.4% (higher for ICU patients: 37.5% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Most patients with CAP due to HRV were elderly and had significant comorbidities. ICU admission was required in almost one in six patients and was associated with higher mortality.
A study of the CKM angle $\gamma$ using the LHCb experiment and a distributed workload management system

The LHCb experiment, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), will make precision CP violation measurements and search for new physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The 14 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC will produce the full range of B-hadrons, at a data rate of peta-bytes per year. In order to process this unprecedented amount of data, distributed computing resources (the Grid) located across four continents are coordinated by a series of workload management systems (Grid middlewares). DIRAC, the LHCb distributed workload management system for event simulation, reconstruction and user analysis is extended from the Linux operating platform to the Windows platform, allowing a transparent integration of Windows resources to the existing Linux system. The B±→ D/D (KS π π−) K± decay, a key channel for the precision measurement of the CKM angle γ, is studied using the multiplatform DIRAC system. The expected annual yield from this channel for 2 fb−1 of data (a full data taking year) is ∼4200 events, with a total physics background to signal ratio (B/S) of < 0.54 at the 90% confidence level. The dominant background is expected to arise from a real D/D candidate reconstructed with a fake kaon from the underlying event, with a B/S = 0.35± 0.03 where the error is statistical. The potential background arising from a real D/D candidate reconstructed with a mis-identified pion is greatly reduced, with a B/S < 0.095 at the 90% confidence level, by the use of particle identification information from the RICH sub-detector. The estimated LHCb statistical sensitivity to γ is ∼12° for 2 fb−1 of data, using a model dependent Dalitz analysis with a model error of ∼9°.
Flow structure on a rotating wing: effect of radius of gyration

Abstract The flow structure on a rotating wing (flat plate) is characterized over a range of Rossby number $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Ro} = r_g/C$ , in which $r_g$ and $C$ are the radius of gyration and chord of the wing, as well as travel distance $\mathit{Ro} = r_g \Phi /C$ , where $\Phi $ is the angle of rotation. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) is employed to determine the flow patterns on defined planes, and by means of reconstruction, throughout entire volumes. Images of the $Q$ -criterion and spanwise vorticity, velocity and vorticity flux are employed to represent the flow structure. At low Rossby number, the leading-edge, tip and root vortices are highly coherent with large dimensionless values of $Q$ in the interior regions of all vortices and large downwash between these components of the vortex system. For increasing Rossby number, however, the vortex system rapidly degrades, accompanied by loss of large $Q$ within its interior and downstream displacement of the region of large downwash. These trends are accompanied by increased deflection of the leading-edge vorticity layer away from the surface of the wing, and decreased spanwise velocity and vorticity flux in the trailing region of the wing, which are associated with the degree of deflection of the tip vortex across the wake region. Combinations of large Rossby number $\mathit{Ro} =r_g/C$ and travel distance $r_g \Phi /C$ lead to separated flow patterns similar to those observed on rectilinear translating wings at high angle of attack $\alpha $ . In the extreme case where the wing travels a distance corresponding to a number of revolutions, the highly coherent flow structure is generally preserved if the Rossby number is small; it degrades substantially, however, at larger Rossby number.
Evaluation of a CFD benchmark for laminar flows

In this contribution an overview of benchmark computations for 2D and 3D lam-inar ows around a cylinder is given, which have been carried out recently under the German Priority Research Programme "Flow Simulation on High Performance Computers" in order to compare diierent solution approaches for the incompress-ible Navier-Stokes equations. A major objective of this benchmark was to develop criteria for the evaluation of diierent algorithmic approaches in order to be able to distinguish between "eecient" and "less eecient" solution methods, at least for the particular class of ows considered. The purpose and the deenitions of the benchmark are brieey discussed and the diierent numerical techniques employed by the various participating groups are summarized. Based on the results, which will be presented in condensed form, some general conclusions are formulated.
Epidemiology of esophageal cancer in 2020 and projections to 2030 and 2040

Esophageal cancer is a familiar malignancy with high incidence and mortality, and the overall prognosis is poor. The numbers of cases of and deaths from esophageal cancer have risen rapidly in recent decades. It is one of the most malignant cancers, with more than 0.6 million new cases and 0.54 million deaths worldwide in 2020. Here, we present the global epidemiology of esophageal cancer in 2020 and projections to 2030 and 2040 at different geographical levels of continents, regions and countries, and analyze them by gender, race, geographic region and human development index. We summarize the prospects for the esophageal cancer burden and risk factors in different areas, which will be useful for global esophageal cancer clinical therapy and cancer control planning.
Accurate metrology for laser damage measurements in nonlinear crystals

Accurate laser damage measurements are more difficult to perform in nonlinear optical crystals than in glasses due to several effects proper to these materials or greatly enhanced in these materials. Before discussing these effects, we address the topic of error bar determination for probability measurements. Error bars for the measured damage probabilities are especially important when testing small and expensive samples like nonlinear crystals, where only few sites are used for each measurement. The mathematical basics for the numerical calculation of probability error bars corresponding to a chosen confidence level are presented. Effects that possibly modify the maximum light intensity obtained by focusing into a biaxial nonlinear crystal are mainly the focusing aberrations and self-focusing. Depending on focusing conditions, position of the focal point in the crystal, beam propagation direction, and polarization, strong aberrations may change the beam profile and drastically decrease the maximum intensity in the crystal. A correction factor based on former theoretical work is proposed for this effect. The characteristics of self-focusing are quickly reviewed for the sake of completeness, and a note on parasitic second harmonic generation is added at the end.
Generalizing Geometry - Algebroids and Sigma Models

In this contribution we review some of the interplay between sigma models in theoretical physics and novel geometrical structures such as Lie (n-)algebroids. The first part of the article contains the mathematical background, the definition of various algebroids as well as of Dirac structures, a joint generalization of Poisson, presymplectic, but also complex structures. Proofs are given in detail. The second part deals with sigma models. Topological ones, in particular the AKSZ and the Dirac sigma models, as generalizations of the Poisson sigma models to higher dimensions and to Dirac structures, respectively, but also physical ones, that reduce to standard Yang Mills theories for the "flat" choice of a Lie algebra: Lie algebroid Yang Mills theories and possible action functionals for nonabelian gerbes and general higher gauge theories. Characteristic classes associated to Dirac structures and to higher principal bundles are also mentioned.
Detecting peatland vegetation patterns with multi-temporal field spectroscopy

ABSTRACT Peatlands are one of the most significant terrestrial carbon pools, and the processes behind the carbon cycle in peatlands are strongly associated with different vegetation patterns. Handheld spectroradiometer data has been widely applied in ecological research, but there is a lack of studies on peatlands assessing how the temporal and spectral resolution affect the detectability of vegetation patterns. We collected field spectroscopy and vegetation inventory data at two northern boreal peatlands, Lompolojänkkä and Halssiaapa, between late May and August 2019. We conducted multivariate random forest regressions to examine the appropriate periods, benefits of multi-temporal data, and optimal spectral bandwidth and sampling interval for detecting plant communities and the two-dimensional (2D) %-cover, above-ground biomass (AGB) and leaf area index (LAI) of seven plant functional types (PFTs). In the best cross-site regression models for detecting plant community clusters (PCCs), R2 was 42.6–48.0% (root mean square error (RMSE) 0.153–0.193), and for PFT 2D %-cover 53.9–69.8% (RMSE 8.2–17.6%), AGB 43.1–61.5% (RMSE 86.2–165.5 g/m2) and LAI 46.3–51.3% (RMSE 0.220–0.464 m2/m2). The multi-temporal data of the whole season increased R2 by 13.7–24.6%-points and 10.2–33.0%-points for the PCC and PFT regressions, respectively. There was no single optimal temporal window for vegetation pattern detection for the two sites; in Lompolojänkkä the early growing season between late May and mid-June had the highest regression performance, while in Halssiaapa, the optimal period was during the peak season, from July to early August. In general, the spectral sampling interval between 1 to 10 nm yielded the best regression performance for most of the vegetation characteristics in Lompolojänkkä, whereas the optimal range extended to 20 nm in Halssiaapa. Our findings underscore the importance of fieldwork timing and the use of multi-temporal and hyperspectral data in detecting vegetation in spatially heterogeneous landscapes.
A High-Accurate Fourier-Galerkin Solution for Buoyancy-Driven Flow in a Square Cavity

In this work, a high-accurate solution is proposed for the verification of coupled fluid flow and heat transfer codes. The solution, based on the Fourier-Galerkin (FG) method, is developed for free convection in a square cavity with Rayleigh numbers ranging from 103 to 108. The Fourier coefficients are calculated by solving a highly nonlinear system of algebraic equations using Powell's method. The FG results are then used as reference solutions to study the performance of a finite-element model and to illustrate the benefit of the developed solutions in benchmarking buoyancy-driven flows.
Molecular ligands guide individual nanocrystals to a soft-landing alignment on surfaces

Romain Bernard,1 Genevieve Comtet,1 Gerald Dujardin,1 Andrew J. Mayne,1 Vincent Huc,2 and Hao Tang3 1Laboratoire de Photophysique Moleculaire, CNRS, Bât. 210, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France 2Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, Bât. 420, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France 3Groupe Materiaux Cristallins sous Contrainte, CEMES-CNRS, Boite Postale 94347, 31055 Toulouse, France Received 7 August 2006; revised manuscript received 20 October 2006; published 17 January 2007
Touch DNA Sampling Methods: Efficacy Evaluation and Systematic Review

Collection and interpretation of “touch DNA” from crime scenes represent crucial steps during criminal investigations, with clear consequences in courtrooms. Although the main aspects of this type of evidence have been extensively studied, some controversial issues remain. For instance, there is no conclusive evidence indicating which sampling method results in the highest rate of biological material recovery. Thus, this study aimed to describe the actual considerations on touch DNA and to compare three different sampling procedures, which were “single-swab”, “double-swab”, and “other methods” (i.e., cutting out, adhesive tape, FTA® paper scraping), based on the experimental results published in the recent literature. The data analysis performed shows the higher efficiency of the single-swab method in DNA recovery in a wide variety of experimental settings. On the contrary, the double-swab technique and other methods do not seem to improve recovery rates. Despite the apparent discrepancy with previous research, these results underline certain limitations inherent to the sampling procedures investigated. The application of this information to forensic investigations and laboratories could improve operative standard procedures and enhance this almost fundamental investigative tool’s probative value.
A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) investigation of the L2 learning model of motivational development among Tahfiz students

This study explores the motivation of learning English among students in selected Tahfiz government and state schools in Malaysia. Questionnaires adapted from Dornyei (2004), with an additional construct, were administered to 1,017 students aged 13 to 17. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Robust Maximum Likelihood estimation technique (MLR) were used. From the SEM analysis, a new model of motivation in learning English among Tahfiz students is proposed. The study discovered that attitudes towards community, promotion, prevention, parental encouragement, interest, Islamic values, ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and attitudes towards learning English all play central roles in the proposed model. A comparison motivation model between the Tahfiz government and state schools was also provided. The results suggest that Tahfiz English language teachers and other relevant parties should be aware of their students’ motivation in learning English, and try to create a more conducive learning environment in the classroom. This can equip the students with sufficient language skills to be well-rounded Islamic preachers.
Prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Stein-Leventhal syndrome, often known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is a syndrome that affects women's reproductive health. PCOS is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in women of reproductive age. The etiology of PCOS remains unknown mainly, and the estimation of PCOS burden in a specific geographical location will impact disease control strategies. Hence, this study estimated the pooled prevalence of PCOS in Indian women. Databases such as PubMed, CINHAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched. Only those published Indian studies that reported the prevalence of PCOS from 2010 to 2021 and had at least one of the following diagnostic PCOS criteria were included in the systematic review: the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rotterdam's criteria, or/and Androgen Excess Society (AES). MetaXL version 5.3 software was used for data analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using modified Joanna Briggs Institute criteria for cross-sectional studies. Out of 17132 articles, 11 articles were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of PCOS was 11.33(7.69-15.59) using the random effect. The proportion of Hirsute using the Ferriman-Gallwey score was highly variable, ranging from 1.6% to 37.9% (n=6). The prevalence rate of PCOS is high among Indian women. The pooled prevalence of PCOS was close to 10% using Rotterdam's criteria and AES criteria, while it was 5.8% using NIH criteria. The study's overall finding emphasizes the need for more acceptable and uniform diagnostic criteria for screening PCOS. At the same time, policy-makers should consider giving more importance to PCOS in their effort to control non-communicable diseases.