Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CEOs’ dilemma

Prior research has established a positive link between chief executive officer (CEO) narcissism and firm innovation. Notably, research shows that CEO nar-cissism is positively related to more radical innovation and breakthrough technologies, that is, manifestations of a firm's exploration orientation, and positively related to more incremental innovation, that is, manifestations of firms' exploitation orientations. However, it primarily examines these orientations in isolation or neglects their interplay and thereby ignores insights from organizational learning theorists that firms and managers face decisive trade-offs between fundamentally distinct exploration and exploitation orientations. This overlooks the possibility that narcissistic CEOs may emphasize exploration over exploitation, and vice versa, to gain visibility, affecting the balance between those orientations. Consequently, we might draw incorrect conclusions about how CEO narcissism affects firms' innovation. Drawing on theoretical mechanisms from the narcissistic personality literature, we develop and test a competing logic that connects CEO narcissism with firms' relative exploration orientation, that is, firms' exploration relative to the exploitation orientation. In addition, we theorize on and investigate the moderating effects of accounting-and market-based performance feedback that may alter narcissistic CEOs' attention to exploration or exploitation and, hence, affect the relationship with firms' relative exploration orientation. We test our hypotheses using panel data from 120 firms in the Standard and Poor's 100 index between 2008 and 2018, covering the personality profiles of 224 CEOs. Our findings indicate that CEO narcissism is negatively associated with firms' relative exploration orientation, that is, narcissistic CEOs emphasize an exploitation orientation. Furthermore, this relationship is pronounced with firms' increasing relative accounting-based performance and attenuated with firms' increasing relative market-based performance. We draw theoretical and managerial implications from these insights.
The Labor Market Returns to a For-Profit College Education

A lengthy literature estimating the returns to education has largely ignored the for-profit sector. In this paper, we estimate the earnings gains to for-profit college attendance using restricted-access data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97). Using an individual fixed effects estimation strategy that allows us to control for time-invariant unobservable characteristics of students, we find that students who enroll in associate's degree programs in for-profit colleges experience earnings gains of about 10% relative to high school graduates with no college degree, conditional on employment. Since associate's degree students attend for an average of 2.6 years, this translates to a 4% return per year of education in a for-profit college, slightly lower than estimates of returns for other sectors found in the literature.
Oceanic lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary from surface wave dispersion data

According to different types of observations, the nature of lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is controversial. Using a massive data set of surface wave dispersions in a broad period range (15–300 s), we have developed a three‐dimensional upper mantle tomographic model (first‐order perturbation theory) at the global scale. This is used to derive maps of the LAB from the resolved elastic parameters. The key effects of shallow layers and anisotropy are taken into account in the inversion process. We investigate LAB distribution primarily below the oceans, according to different kinds of proxies that correspond to the base of the lithosphere from the shear velocity variation at depth, the amplitude radial anisotropy, and the changes in azimuthal anisotropy G orientation. The estimations of the LAB depth based on the shear velocity increase from a thin lithosphere (∼20 km) in the ridges, to a thick old‐ocean lithosphere (∼120–130 km). The radial anisotropy proxy shows a very fast increase in the LAB depth from the ridges, from ∼50 km to the older ocean where it reaches a remarkable monotonic subhorizontal profile (∼70–80 km). The LAB depths inferred from the azimuthal anisotropy proxy show deeper values for the increasing oceanic lithosphere (∼130–135 km). The difference between the evolution of the LAB depth with the age of the oceanic lithosphere computed from the shear velocity and azimuthal anisotropy proxies and from the radial anisotropy proxy raises questions about the nature of the LAB in the oceanic regions and of the formation of the oceanic plates.
Differentiation of natrocarbonatite magma at Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania

Abstract Natrocarbonatite magma, erupted as lava flows in the Tanzanian volcano Oldoinyo Lengai in June and November of 1988, has evolved chemically since its formation. The June and November flows of 1988 display increasing Cl, F, Ba, K, Mg and Mn, concomitantly with Na, Ca and P depletion. Furthermore, the June magma, at the time of eruption, had higher Cl, F, Ba and K contents and lower Ca than the November magma and evolved to higher levels of Cl, F, Ba and K content and lower Ca, Na and P. The mineralogy of the lavas reflects these trends. Crystallization of fluorite and halite-sylvite solid solution, usually as a symplectic intergrowth, occurs when Cl and F concentrations reach the critical value necessary to stabilize both minerals and explains why neither occurs as a phenocryst phase. Natrocarbonatite magma has undergone considerable and rapid magmatic evolution, probably in small and separate magma chambers. Two minerals, nyerereite and gregoryite, have dominated the crystallization history of natrocarbonatite magma, and many lavas are phenocryst-rich. However, because most of the lavas are composed principally of these two minerals, crystal accumulation has not greatly changed their composition and, consequently, we suggest that the bulk composition of the lavas closely approximates that of the parental magma.
Fluid flow through porous sandstone with overprinting and intersecting geological structures of various types

Abstract It is well established that compaction bands (CBs), joints and faults are often present in the same rock volume in the Jurassic aeolian Aztec Sandstone, exposed in the Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada, USA. Because the permeability of CBs can be one or more orders of magnitude less than the matrix permeability, and joint permeability, depending on its aperture, can be several orders of magnitude greater than matrix permeability, the combined effect of these structures on subsurface flow can be complex and substantial. In this study, we investigate the effects of a variety of intersecting geological structures on fluid flow. This is accomplished by performing two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) permeability upscaling and waterflood simulations over areas/volumes populated by hydraulically interacting geological features. The regions considered are approximately the size of typical grid blocks used for reservoir or aquifer flow simulations, so the results are of practical interest. The systems studied include models with two sets of vertical CBs intersecting at various angles, an inclined CB set intersecting a vertical CB set, a joint set intersecting a CB set at various angles, and a small fault and its damage zone overprinting a CB set. Our numerical results quantify the impact of these composite structures on subsurface flow and show, for example, that the intersection angle of two sets of structures can have a considerable effect on the upscaled directional permeability. In addition, waterflood simulations demonstrate that the efficiency of oil recovery can be significantly impacted by the direction of flow relative to the orientation of intersecting geological structures.
Prominent Lower Cambrian K-Bentonites In South China: Distribution, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry

Abstract The Lower Cambrian on the Yangtze Block in South China is valuable for understanding the early evolution of life, the global biogeochemical cycles, and the major changes of the ocean. However, both the placement of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary in South China and the correlation of the Lower Cambrian across the Yangtze Block are still in controversy, which hinders the global correlation of the Lower Cambrian and understanding of environmental changes of the paleo-ocean. Discovery of K-bentonites in the Lower Cambrian in South China will facilitate clarifying the above-mentioned problems. In this study, systematic field investigations and mineralogical and geochemical studies were conducted on Lower Cambrian K-bentonites in South China. The field investigations have shown that the widespread K-bentonites occur in two important stratigraphic levels: the middle Zhujiaqing Formation and the basal Shiyantou Formation and their lateral equivalents. Biostratigraphically, the older K-bentonite bed is preserved in the Anabarites trisulcatus–Protohertzina anabarica Assemblage Zone and the younger K-bentonite in the poorly fossiliferous interzone. Geochemical studies reveal that the Lower Cambrian K-bentonite samples are plotted in the fields of trachyte, trachyandesite, rhyodacite (dacite), and rhyolite in a plot of Nb/Y against Zr/TiO2, suggesting that the K-bentonites are most probably derived from felsic magmas with sub-alkaline to alkaline nature. Compared with the K-bentonite in the basal Shiyantou Formation and its equivalent sequence, the K-bentonite in the middle Zhujiaqing Formation and its correlative succession is characterized by lower Zr and Nb concentrations. Volcanic eruptions recorded by the two K-bentonite beds may have taken place during an interval of tectonic transformation, and the source volcanoes were probably located in the east margin of the Ganze–Songpan Block. Correlation results of the two important Lower Cambrian K-bentonite beds indicate that a previous viewpoint considering the polymetallic Ni-Mo layer in the lowermost Niutitang Formation as the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary in South China is inappropriate. Combined with available geochronological data, the boundary should be placed in the sequence beneath the K-bentonite in the middle Zhujiaqing Formation and its correlative stratigraphic level.
Foraging Distribution of an Antarctic Southern Giant Petrel Population

We present preliminary results on the foraging distribution of Southern Giant Petrels tagged with geolocators in Stinker Point, Elephant Island. Our results showed that Giant Petrels range over a large area from the Antarctic Peninsula until Southern South America, and there is notable segregation between male and female. Females tend to use the area they are distributed equally, while males remain more o en close to colonies, but the latitudes and longitudes they used in general were the same. at is quite di erent from literature, which indicate that Giant Petrel genders use distinct foraging areas, at least South American populations. Further results from the study are underway and we expect to add environmental variables to evaluate di erences between genders and try to explain their movements.
Zds1/Zds2–PP2A Cdc55 complex specifies signaling output from Rho1 GTPase

regulating cell wall glucan synthesis and actin organization. Upon cell wall damage, Rho1 blocks polarized cell growth and repairs the wounds by activating the cell wall integrity (CWI) Pkc1–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. A funda-mental question is how active Rho1 promotes distinct signaling outputs under different conditions. Here we identified the Zds1/Zds2–protein phosphatase 2A Cdc55 (PP2A Cdc55 ) complex as a novel Rho1 effector that regulates Rho1 signaling specificity. Zds1/Zds2–PP2A Cdc55 promotes polarized growth and cell wall synthesis by inhibiting Rho1 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Lrg1 but inhibits CWI pathway by stabilizing another Rho1 GAP, Sac7, suggesting that active Rho1 is biased toward cell growth over stress response. Conversely, upon cell wall damage, Pkc1–Mpk1 activity inhibits cortical PP2A Cdc55 , ensuring that Rho1 preferentially activates the CWI pathway for cell wall repair. We propose that PP2A Cdc55 specifies Rho1 signaling output and that reciprocal antagonism between Rho1–PP2A Cdc55 and Rho1–Pkc1 explains how only one signaling pathway is robustly activated at a time.
Pennsylvanian and Early Permian Depositional History, Southeastern Arizona

In southeastern Arizona the Black Prince Limestone, Horquilla Limestone, Earp Formation, Colina Limestone, and Supai Formation are Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian strata with complex transgressive and regressive relations. Subdivision of these formations into easily recognizable lithologic members is possible only above the basal unconformities of the Black Prince and Horquilla Limestones where red clastic sediments intertongue with the predominantly limestone sequence. Lithologic facies changes in the upper part of the Horquilla Limestone pass laterally and vertically into the Earp Formation which intertongues upward with the overlying Colina Limestone and on the north with the lower part of the Supai Formation. Regional unconformities are common and 15 are recognized an traced as stratigraphic datum planes subdividing Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian strata into depositional units. These depositional units, dated by fusulinaceans, include Morrowan to early late Wolfcampian deposits. Only two regional hiatuses of long duration occur: one within the Derryan Series and the other at the base of the Missourian Series. Longer hiatuses occur locally where parts of the succession are missing because of lack of deposition or because of erosion associated with local structural adjustments. Four main tectonic features influenced sedimentary environments in the region: the Papago inner shelf in the southwest received shallow marine sediments; the San Pedro outer shelf in the central part of the region received slightly deeper water sediments; the Mogollon inner shelf on the north and northeast was frequently emergent and received principally clastic deltaic sediments; and the Pedregosa basin in the southeast was rimmed with carbonate banks and shoals and its center, particularly during Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian time, was the site of thick clastic sedimentation. Contemporaneous faulting locally accompanied major changes in lithofacies on the Mogollon shelf. A complicated set of faulted blocks separated the San Pedro outer shelf from the Pedregosa basin and diffe ences in times of deposition and erosion, thicknesses, and lithologies suggest that each fault block had an independent history of structural adjustment and sedimentary conditions.
Polarized protein trafficking and disease

background and rationale for the study: Missense MYO5B mutations have been associated with familial progressive intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC)-type 6 and the mislocalization of bile canalicular proteins. Whether patient-specific MYO5B mu - tations are causally related to defects in canalicular protein localization and, if so, via which mechanism is not known. Main results: We demonstrate that the cholestasis-associated P660L mutation in MyoVb caused the intracellular accumulation of bile canalicular proteins in ve - sicular compartments. Remarkably, the knockout of MYO5B in vitro and in vivo produced no canalicular localization defects. In contrast, the expression of myoVb mutants consisting of only the tail domain phenocopied the effects of the Myo5b-P660L mutation. Using additional myoVb and rab11a mutants, we demonstrate that motor domain-deficient myoVb inhibited the formation of specialized apical recycling endosomes, and that its disrupting effect on the localization of canalic - ular proteins was dependent on its interaction with active rab11a and occurred at the trans -Golgi Network/recycling endosome interface. Conclusions : Our results reveal a mechanism via which MYO5B motor do - main mutations cause the mislocalization of canalicular proteins in hepatocytes which, unexpectedly, does not involve myoVb loss-of-function but, as we pro - pose, a rab11a-mediated gain-of-toxic function. The results explain why biallelic MYO5B mutations that affect the motor domain but not those that eliminate my - oVb expression are associated with PFIC-type 6.
Neural dynamics of social emotion processing in alexithymia

Alexithymia has been characterized as an impaired ability of emotion processing and regulation. The definition of alexithymia does not include a social component. However, there is some evidence that social cognition may be compromised in individuals with alexithymia. Hence, emotional impairments associated with alexithymia may extend to socially relevant information. Here, we recorded electrophysiological responses of individuals meeting the clinically relevant cut-off for alexithymia (ALEX; n=24) and individuals without alexithymia (NonALEX; n=23) while they viewed affective scenes that varied on the dimensions of sociality and emotional valence during a rapid serial visual presentation task. We found that ALEX exhibited lower accuracy and larger N2 than NonALEX in the perception of social negative scenes. Source reconstruction revealed that the group difference in N2 was localized at the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Irrespective of emotional valence, ALEX showed stronger alpha power than NonALEX in social but not nonsocial conditions. Our findings support the hypothesis of social processing being selectively affected by alexithymia, especially for stimuli with negative valence. Electrophysiological evidence suggests altered deployment of attentional resources in the perception of social-specific emotional information in alexithymia. This work sheds light on the neuropsychopathology of alexithymia and alexithymia-related disorders.
Petrology of Ulreung Volcanic Island, Korea - Part2. Petrography and bulk chemical composition.

The petrographic descriptions of the rocks from Ulreung Island were presented, and the representative 48 samples, picritic basalt, alkali basalt, trachybasalt, trachyandesite, trachyte and phonolite, were analyzed for major elements. Most of the basic rocks contain abundant olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase phenocrysts. Alkali feldspar, kaersutite and biotite phenocrysts appear in the trachyandesite; some trachyandesites contain groundmass leucite. Both the trachyte and phonolite are characterized by the abundance of alkali feldspar phenocryst, and nepheline occurs in the groundmass of the phonolite. The SiO2 contents of the rocks increases with the evolution of the island (Kim, 1985); the rocks, however, become more undersaturated in silica. The K2O/Na2O ratios are rather constant and low (ca. 0.5) for the basalts, and rapidly increase to reach 1 for the trachybasalt-phonolite. Normative nepheline is calculated out in all the rocks except altered or oxidized ones, and increases from the basalts (1%) up to 16% in the phonolite. Although their chemical compositions attribute the rock suite to the potassic alkali rock series, normative leucite is absent. The rock suite of Ulreung Island is the most undersaturated in Korea and Japan.
Stochastic character mapping of state-dependent diversification reveals the tempo of evolutionary decline in self-compatible lineages

A major goal of evolutionary biology is to identify key evolutionary transitions that correspond with shifts in speciation and extinction rates. Stochastic character mapping has become the primary method used to infer the timing, nature, and number of character state transitions along the branches of a phylogeny. The method is widely employed for standard substitution models of character evolution. However, current approaches cannot be used for models that specifically test the association of character state transitions with shifts in diversification rates such as state-dependent speciation and extinction (SSE) models. Here we introduce a new stochastic character mapping algorithm that overcomes these limitations, and apply it to study mating system evolution over a densely sampled fossil-calibrated phylogeny of the plant family Onagraceae. Utilizing a hidden state SSE model we tested the association of the loss of self-incompatibility with shifts in diversification rates. Confirming long standing theory, we found that self-compatible lineages have higher extinction rates and lower net diversification rates compared to self-incompatible lineages. Further, our mapped character histories show that the loss of self-incompatibility is followed by a short-term spike in speciation rates, which declines after a time lag of several million years resulting in negative net diversification. Lineages that have long been self-compatible such as Fuchsia and Clarkia are in a previously unrecognized and ongoing evolutionary decline. Our results demonstrate that stochastic character mapping of SSE models is a powerful tool for examining the timing and nature of both character state transitions and shifts in diversification rates over the phylogeny.
Nitrogen Uptake in Permanently Well-mixed Temperate Coastal Waters

Uptake rates of ammonium, nitrate, urea and nitrite were measured for 1 year (1988) at a coastal station in the well-mixed waters of the western English Channel. Ammonium was the major form of nitrogen (N) utilized (48%) by phytoplankton, followed by nitrate (32%), urea (13%) and nitrite (7%). Seasonal changes of uptake of ammonium, nitrate and urea showed a broad, intense summer maximum. Nitrite uptake was low throughout the year except for a peak value in June. Uptake rates of ammonium and nitrate were independent of substrate concentrations, whereas those of urea and nitrite were not. The summer maxima of ammonium, nitrate and total N uptake, and the significant relationships of N-uptake index to ambient light, and of chlorophyll-a-specific N uptake to surface-incident light, indicate that light is the major factor controlling N uptake in these waters. This is due to the permanent vertical mixing which reduces the mean light available for N uptake to <15% of the incident light. Mixing also injects regenerated N continuously into the euphotic zone, thus alleviating nitrogen limitation and accounting for the larger proportion of regenerated N uptake in total N uptake.
Storm Water Runoff and Deep Groundwater Drainage in Two Closed Basins

Closed basins dotting the landscape of south and central Florida have aroused the interest of numerous hydrologists in the past. Lacking surface water drainage features such as creeks and natural streams, closed basins drain internally through the subsurface during storm events. Little is known, however, about the magnitude and role of subsurface drainage fluxes to deep groundwater aquifers. In this study, instruments were deployed to monitor the surficial and deep aquifer heads at groundwater discharge points in two urbanized closed basins. The purpose of the study was to develop and apply field methods to estimate rapid subsurface runoff following rainfall events and evaluate the effectiveness of internal drainage in urban drainage planning. The two sites were in Hillsborough County, Florida, and one location was a 6-m-deep sinkhole that receives urban runoff from the rest of the basin. The data captured rapid subsurface drainage exceeding 25 cm/day at these discharge locations following rainfall. The two locations collected subsurface runoff rapidly and released the runoff gradually into the deep aquifer system. Results have practical implications for urban drainage in closed basins.