Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lemming Cycle at Baker Lake, Northwest Territories, During 1959-62.

A four-year study covering one cycle in numbers of the brown and varying lemmings has been carried out at Baker Lake, Keewatin, N.W. T. An attempt was made to describe the events of the cycle in detail by snap-trapping and live-trapping techniques and by detailed autopsies on about 4,000 animals and from this to determine what explanations would fit the observations. Increase began from very low numbers in the summer of 1959 with tremendous population growth occurring over the winter of 1959>--60. Little further increase occurred in the peak summer of 1960. A great decline occurred over the winter of 1960--1, and this decline continued through the summer of 1961 on the Main Study Area. Little change occurred over the winter of 1961-2 and the phase of increase began again in the summer of 1962. Two changes in reproduction were associated with this cyclc-changes in the length of the breeding seasoIi and in the weight at sexual maturity. Winter breeding occurred in the period of increase but not in the decline, and a shortened summer breeding season occurred in the peak and to some degree in the decline. Young male Lemmus matured in the summers of increase but not in the peak or in the decline; young females matured in the increase and decline summers but not in the peak. The major change in mortality was a very high juvenile mortality in the summer of the decline. Changes in the quality of the animals were manifested not only by these reproductive and mortality changes but also by a 20--30 per cent increase in mean body weights of the adults in the peak summer compared with the increase or decline summers. The role of the extrinsic factors is considered. There was no widespread destruction of the habitat, or any 'evidence of quantitative or qualitative food shortage in the animals of the decline. Neither predators, disease, nor parasites seemed to be the cause of the observed changes in mortality. The role of the intrinsic factors is also considered. Summer adrenal and spleen weights showed no clear relationship to the cycle. The amount of wounding on skins showed strong seasonal changes and was not a simple function of density. It was concluded from these observations that this lemming cycle could not be adequately explained by the conventional extrinsic factors such as food supply, but rather that it is essentially a self-regulatory phenomenon. The stress hypothesis proposed by Christian was also rejected as an adequate explanation of these events. The idea of Chitty that populations change in quality during changes in density was fully supported by these results. Behavioural changes in the population may constitute the crux of the lemming cycle, and Chitty's suggestion that these fluctuations may represent a genetic polymorphism involving aggressive behaviour is not refuted by these data.
Environmental Correlates of Herb Species Composition in Five Southern Wisconsin Floodplain Forests

The hypothesis that variations in major environmental factors can explain herbaceous species composition in floodplains is examined by multivariate analyses of five southern Wisconsin floodplain forests. Species composition within sites varied with relative elevation: Carex and annual forbs dominated lower elevations, whereas perennials dominated higher areas. Elevation within sites had a higher correlation with major ordination axes than did light or soil variables. However, light and soil texture were correlated with herb distribution independently of elevation. Compositional change with elevation was gradual; no discontinuities were discovered. Quadrats under canopy gaps and at higher elevations supported more species than closed canopy areas. Sites most recently flooded during the growing season were species-poor, with vegetation patterns summarized relatively well by a single ordination axis. Thus, compositional differences between sites could be due largely to effects of recent floods.
Phenotypic correlates of life-history variation in juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

SUMMARY (1) Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), commonly follow two life-history patterns as juveniles. 'Stream-type' juveniles reside in streams for a year or more before abandoning territoriality and migrating to marine habitats. By contrast, 'ocean-type' juveniles migrate to sea sometime during their first year of life, often as newly emerged fry. (2) At age 1, stream-type chinook showed a distinct reduction in positive rheotaxis during both 'diurnal' and 'nocturnal' current response tests, consistent with their downstream migration to the sea at this age in nature. By contrast, ocean-type chinook showed no pronounced shifts in rheotaxis after age 2-3 months. (3) Ocean-type fish that migrate seaward after 2-3 months in freshwater were more aggressive than those that migrate as fry, but both groups were less aggressive than stream-type chinook. (4) Ocean-type chinook grew at a faster rate than did stream-type.
Effect of waterlogging stress on physiological indexes of Liriodendron seedlings

The effect of waterlogging stress on physiological indexes of Liriodendron chinense(Hemsl.) Sarg.and L.chinense ×L.tulipifera seedlings were studied.The net photosynthetic rate of L.chinense ×L.tulipifera seedlings had no obvious change,while that of L.chinense seedlings decreased to certain degree after waterlogging stress for 24 h.Then the net photosynthetic rate of all seedlings sharply decreased after 48 h.During the period of waterlogging stress and after the stress,the chlorophyll contents decreased gradually,but the proline content increased gradually.After the waterlogging stress,the SOD and POD activities of L.chinense ×L.tulipifera seedlings had no obvious changement,the SOD activity was the highest and the POD activity the lowest in comparing with L.chinense. The results indicated that waterlogging resistance of L.chinense ×L.tulipifera seedlings was higher than that of L.chinense seedlings.
Bone marrow infiltration pattern in patients with intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma diagnosed by random skin biopsy

We retrospectively analyzed bone marrow (BM) infiltration pattern in consecutive 30 intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) patients diagnosed by random skin biopsy (RSB). BM infiltration of lymphoma was observed in 18 patients (60.0%), including five patients with the intrasinusoidal pattern with minimal extravasation, eight patients with the mixed of intrasinusoidal and scattered/interstitial or nodular infiltration, and five patients with the nodular/diffuse pattern. Twelve patients were negative for lymphoma infiltration. BM histology of patients with IVLBCL were diverse and frequently discordant with those of other site of IVLBCL lesions. BM biopsy had a poorer diagnostic performance for detecting intravascular features.
Biochemical Changes Induced by Dimethoate in the Liver of Fresh Water Fish Puntius Ticto (HAM)

Freshwater fish Puntius ticto was exposed to lethal (5.012 ppm) and sublethal (2.50 ppm and 1.253 ppm) concentration of Dimethoate for 96 hrs and 60 days durations. Biochemical changes in liver tissue were analyzed after exposure period. The protein level decreased in lethal and sublethal exposures. Significant decrease in glycogen, slight decrease in protein where as increased cholesterol and ascorbic acid content has been noted to both concentrations exposure.
Does Leukopenia Influence Performance of the New European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria in an African‐Descendent Population With Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Comment on the Article by Aringer et al

We were very pleased and read with great interest the article by Dr. Aringer et al, in which they described the valuable contributions of the largest international, collaborative SLE classification effort to date, for the development of the new 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) jointly supported by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) (1).
Distribution of ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid oxidase activity in the developing cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.)

SummaryThe ascorbic acid level rose steadily from 25 days to 55 days after fertilization and then a slight fall was observed. A decrease in enzyme activity was associated with an increase in the ascorbic acid level. The maximum ascorbic acid content was seen when the enzyme activity was lowest in the 55-day-old apple.
INTRACELLULAR SYMBIOSIS IN COCKROACHES. I. PRODUCTION OF APOSYMBIOTIC COCKROACHES

1. The trans-ovarial inheritance of fat-body intracellular symbiotes in the German cockroach was prevented by subjecting the parent insects to high temperature or by feeding the parents aureomycin or sulfathiazole.2. The most certain and simple method of obtaining aposymbiotic nymphs is by feeding the parents ground dog biscuit plus 0.1% aureomycin all of their lives.3. Aposymbiotic nymphs are practically incapable of growth on a natural diet which is adequate for symbiotic nymphs.4. The addition of large amounts of dried brewers yeast to the diet enabled the aposymbiotic nymphs to grow to maturity in two to three times the period required by normal nymphs.5. Adult aposymbiotic cockroaches suffered impaired reproductive ability. The males were affected as well as the females.6. The second and third generations of aposymbiotic roaches are similar to the first in both histology and behavior.
THE FEEDING ECOLOGY OF THE BULLFINCH (PYRRHULA PYRRHULA L.) IN SOUTHERN ENGLAND

Since in many types of woodland the bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula L.) is the commonest seed- and bud-eating bird, some knowledge of its foods and its effects on these is important to general studies of woodland ecology. The bullfinch is also of interest because, although over most of its range it is still restricted to forest, it has in some areas colonized more open cultivated habitats, and in parts of southern England has created a serious economic problem by eating the flower-buds of fruit trees, which it takes in preference to those of native trees. (Only the centres of buds are eaten, those parts otherwise destined to become fruit.) Although this habit has been recorded in England since the sixteenth century, it has increased so much in recent years that it is now common for whole fruit crops to be lost in this way. Once bullfinches had begun to feed in cultivated habitats, it was to be expected that of all the small birds which eat buds there (at least seven finch-species and two sparrows), the bullfinch would become the greatest pest in orchards. Under natural conditions the bullfinch takes buds in greater proportion and variety, and for a longer period each year, than any other species and is better adapted to so do in bill-structure, feeding technique and digestive system (Eber 1956). All cultivated fruit trees, moreover, have buds of the size most acceptable to bullfinches and are descended from tree-species the buds of which are preferred under natural conditions. The buds of various ornamental trees are also attacked, probably mainly because their early flowering requires early bud-swell; as a result their buds are always at a more advanced stage than those of native trees. In southern England, bullfinches live mainly on buds for up to a third of the year; the seeds of woody and herbaceous plants are eaten at other times and the young are reared on a mixture of seeds and small invertebrates. Apart from the studies of Erkamo (1948) in Finland and of Collinge (1924-27) in England, published data on the food of the species (summarized later in this paper) are scattered and fragmentary. This paper forms part of a more general study of the bullfinch, and its chief aims are to compare the bird's feeding habits in a wood and a cultivated area near Oxford and to relate the food it selects in each of these habitats to those available. The role of food supplies in regulating the numbers of bullfinches is also discussed. The paper is based on (1) observations near Oxford from October 1961 to April 1964, (2) analyses of the gullet contents of live nestlings in the same area, and (3) analyses of the gullet and gizzard contents of 2000 bullfinches killed between May 1965 and April 1966 by fruit growers in various parts of southern England. Observations near Oxford were made in Marley Wood and the adjoining Marleywood
Vestigial appendicular skeletons in the African and Malagasy skink species Feylinia grandisquamis, Melanoseps ater, Grandidierina lineata and Voeltzkowia mira

Abstract Vestigial appendicular skeletons are present but have not previously been described and illustrated in the skink species Feylinia grandisquamis and Melanoseps ater. Vestigial appendicular skeletons have been described and illustrated in only one specimen of Grandidierina lineata and in a small sample of Voeltzkowia mira. Here we report a radiographic study of the appendicular skeletons of these four species. The pectoral girdle includes a vestigial clavicle in F. grandisquamis; a vestigial scapulocoracoid and sternum in M. ater; a vestigial scapulocoracoid, interclavicle and sternum, with or without a clavicle, in G. lineata; and a clavicle and scapulocoracoid in one specimen of V. mira. In all four species the pelvic girdle includes an ilium and a puboischium. No midline contact is present between the left and right puboischium, and visible forking into a distinct pubis and ischium is present only in V. mira. The only discernible limb vestiges are humeri in V. mira.
Structural characters of leaf epidermis and their systematic significance in Vitaceae

Leaf epidermis of 37 species representing 11 genera of Vitaceae was investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shapes of leaf epidermal cells are usually irregular or polygonal; the patterns of anticlinal walls are straight, arched or sinuolate. The stomatal apparatuses, only present on the abaxial epidermis for all sampled genera except Leea, can be assigned into five types. The anomocytic type, occurring in Parthenocissus,Yua,Vitis,Ampelopsis and Ampelocissus, is common in Vitaceae; whereas the other four types can be considered diagnostic of several genera, such as anisocytic type for Leea, hemiparacytic type for Cissus, Cayratia and Tetrastigma, staurocytic type for Rhoicissus, Muscadiania and Tetrastigma, and cyclocytic type for Tetrastigma. Under SEM the cuticular membrane of the leaf epidermis is striated, scaly or granular, and papillae were only found in Yua austro_orientalis. This study provides leaf epidermal evidence for supporting the establishment of Leeaceae as a distinct family, and the separation of Yua from Parthenocissus as a genus of the Vitaceae. There are two major lineages in Vitaceae (excluding Leea), one comprising Parthenocissus, Yua, Ampelocissus, Ampelopsis, Muscadinia and Vitis mainly with anomocytic stomatal apparatuses and 5_merous flowers, and the other including Cayratia, Rhoicissus, Cissus and Tetrastigma mainly with staurocytic, hemiparacytic or cyclocytic stomatal apparatuses and 4_merous flowers.
Factors Affecting the Recovery of Follicular Oocytes and the in vitro Maturation in Horses

Shin-ichi HOCHI1, Young-Ho CHOI1,2, Joachim W. BRAUN1,3, Kunitada SATO2, and Norihiko OGURII 1Laboratory of Horse Production, and 2 Theriogenology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080, Japan, and3 Gynakologische and Ambulatorische TTierklinik, Universitdt Munchen, Koniginstr. 12, 80539 Munchen, Germany (Received 3 September 1993/Accepted 27 December 1993)
Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on Birds: Comparisons of Pre- and Post-Spill Surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska

We used data from pre- and post-spill surveys to assess the effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on the abundance and distribution of birds in Prince William Sound, Alaska. We conducted post-spill surveys during mid-summer (1989-1991) in 10 bays that had been surveyed prior to the spill (1984-1985) and that had experienced different levels of initial oiling from the spill (unoiled to heavily oiled). We evaluated whether there were changes in overall abundance across all bays between the pre-spill and post-spill sampling periods, and changes in abundance in unoiled/lightly oiled bays versus moderately/heavily oiled bays that would suggest oiling impacts. Of 12 taxa examined for changes in overall abundance, 7 showed no significant change, 2 (Bald Eagle and Glaucous-winged Gull) increased in abundance, and 3 (Red-necked Grebe, Pelagic Cormorant, and Pigeon Guillemot) decreased in abundance during all three post-spill years. Of the 11 taxa examined for differences in use of oiled versus unoiled habitats, 7 showed no significant response, I (Black-legged Kittiwake) exhibited a positive response to oiling, and 3 (Pelagic Cormorant, Black Oystercatcher, and Pigeon Guillemot) exhibited negative responses to initial oiling. We conclude that the impacts of this oil spill on abundance and distribution of birds were most evident in 1989, the year of the spill, and were most pronounced for Pigeon Guillemots. By 1991, signs of recovery were evident for all taxa that showed initial oiling impacts.
Etude entomologique sur la transmission de la loase dans le département de la Lékié (Cameroun)

Un certain nombre de cas d'encephalopathies dues a Loa ont ete decrits a la suite de traitements par ivermectine dans le departement de la Lekie, region de foret degradee du centre Cameroun. Une etude entomologique a ete menee dans un village de cette region entre mai 1999 et avril 2000 pour determiner si les fortes charges microfilariennes de Loa observees dans la population, qui peuvent depasser 10000 microfilaires par ml de sang, etaient en rapport avec des densites elevees de Chrysops vecteurs. Les Chrysops captures au filet, en 10 points du village, par des personnes placees pres d'un feu de bois, ont ete disseques pour evaluer leur niveau d'infestation par Loa. Les densites vectorielles etaient trois fois plus elevees dans la foret qu'a proximite des habitations (2307 et 725 piqures par homme et par an, respectivement). Ces valeurs sont plus faibles que la plupart de celles relevees lors d'etudes similaires menees au Cameroun, au Congo et au Gabon. La mesure des densites de Chrysops ne semble pas constituer un moyen d'evaluer le niveau d'endemie de la loase et de delimiter les zones a risque d'encephalopathies post-therapeutiques causees par Loa.
Sensory Activity-Dependent and Sensory Activity-Independent Properties of the Developing Rodent Trigeminal Principal Nucleus

The whisker-sensory trigeminal central pathway of rodents is an established model for studies of activity-dependent neural plasticity. The first relay station of the pathway is the trigeminal principal nucleus (PrV), the ventral part of which receives sensory inputs mainly from the infraorbital branch of the maxillary trigeminal nerve (ION). Whisker-sensory afferents play an important role in the development of the morphological and physiological properties of PrV neurons. In neonates, deafferentation by ION transection leads to the disruption of whisker-related neural patterns (barrelettes) and cell death within a specific time window (critical period), as revealed by morphological studies. Whisker-sensory inputs control synaptic elimination, postsynaptic AMPA receptor trafficking, astrocyte-mediated synaptogenesis, and receptive-field characteristics of PrV cells, without a postnatal critical period. Sensory activity-dependent synaptic plasticity requires the activation of NMDA receptors and involves the participation of glia. However, the basic physiological properties of PrV neurons, such as cell type-specific ion channels, presynaptic terminal function, postsynaptic NMDA receptor subunit composition, and formation of the inhibitory circuitry, are independent of sensory inputs. Therefore, the first relay station of the whisker sensation is largely mature-like and functional at birth. Delineation of activity-dependent and activity-independent features of the postnatal PrV is important for understanding the development and functional characteristics of downstream trigeminal stations in the thalamus and neocortex. This mini review focuses on such features of the developing rodent PrV.
Sex, Size, and Gonad Morphology of Silver American Eels Anguilla rostrata

spawns in the southern Sargasso Sea (Avise et al., 1986; McCleave et al., 1987). Also remarkable is that the vast majority of specimens examined to date, from freshwater and estuarine habitats ranging from Greenland to Florida and Bermuda, have been females (Table 1). The only exceptions found in studies that used histology to identify sex are from Georgia freshwaters, with 91% males (Facey and Helfman, 1985), and the Savannah River estuary in Georgia, with 58% males (Helfman et al., 1987). Males also predominated in a New Brunswick lake (84% males; Vladykov, 1966) and in most freshwater and estuarine habitats in Rhode Is-
Influence of Palmitic Acid and Amino Acids Addition on Iturin A Productivity by Bacillus subtilis RB14-CS

The aim of this study was to observe the influence of palmitic acid and amino acids on enhancement of iturin A productivity using Bacillus subtilis RB14-CS. The concentrations of palmitic acid examined were 0.8%, 1.6%, and 3.2%. A good yield was observed when 1.6% palmitic acid was added to Polypepton S medium. The production of iturin A increased about 18% than the control. Addition of 3.2% palmitic acid was not effective on iturin A production. It gave lower pH and slightly higher viable cell number of RB14-CS than control and the others addition concentration. Whereas the addition of 0.8% of each of the following amino acids; L-arg, L-asn , L-gln , L-glu, L-gly, Lleu, L-lys, L-trp, L-tyr, and L-val could not increase iturin A productivity, but changed the proportion of iturin A peaks. L-leu, L-val, and L-asn addition produced the highest proportion of peak 3, 4, and 1 respectively. © 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta
Qualidade da madeira de mogno africano para a produção de serrados

The aim of this work was to evaluate the longitudinal residual strain, the index of splits (end of logs and boards), the displacement of the pith and the drying defects on the boards of the species of Khaya ivorensis and Khaya senegalensis for lumber production. The material comes from an experimental plantation in Linhares, ES, Brazil, with five trees per species being utilized, at age 19 years. The reading of the longitudinal residual strain using the method CIRAD – Forêt on standing trees was taken. After cutting of the trees, the end of logs was photographed for measurement of splits and displacement of the pith. The end splits and warping of the boards were also measured, after drying. Overall, there were not statistical differences in longitudinal residual strain, index split of logs and boards and displacement of the pith between species. However, Khaya ivorensis showed the larger dimensions of end split logs and boards, while, the boards of Khaya senegalensis had higher warping. The indexes of the variables are not high to the point of rendering unfeasible the use and the wood quality of the two species of African mahogany for the lumber production. It is important to consider, however, the shape and dimensions of trees and lumber defects in regions closest of the pith and at younger ages.