Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colour Parameters and Changes of Tea-Stained Resin Composite Exposed to Whitening Pen (In Vitro Study)

Background: One of the crucial factors influencing the longevity of anterior aesthetic dental restorations is the colour stability of resin composites. Bleaching and whitening have become popular methods for enhancing dental aesthetics. Home whitening techniques, such as special pens, are widely available commercially. This in vitro study aimed to determine the efficiency of a whitening pen in removing tea stains from resin composite by measuring colour differences (ΔE00). Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the variations in colour parameters measured by extra-oral and intra-oral spectrophotometers. Methods: A total of 45 disc-shaped resin composite specimens were randomly divided into three groups; Group 1: stored in artificial saliva (control), Group 2: stored in artificial saliva followed by a whitening pen application, and Group 3: stored in tea followed by a whitening pen application. Colour measurements were taken three times for each specimen using two spectrophotometers (extra-oral and intra-oral devices); T1: before storage (baseline), T2: after storage in artificial saliva or tea for 6 days; and T3: after one week of whitening pen application in groups 2 and 3. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). The independent sample t-test was also employed. The equation of CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) was used to calculate the colour difference between the dry, as-prepared specimens (baseline), and those after storage or bleaching. The colour changes exceeding the acceptability threshold (∆E00 = 1.8) were considered unacceptable. Results: After whitening, the colour of the specimens stored in brewed tea (Group 3) remained unacceptable, as indicated by both the extra-oral and intra-oral spectrophotometers (ΔE00 = 4 and 2.9, respectively). Groups 1 and 2 exhibited lower ΔE00 values than Group 3 (p = 0.01 *). No significant difference was observed between Group 1 (stored in artificial saliva) and Group 2 (stored in artificial saliva and then bleached) (p = 0.3). Significant differences were consistently observed between the data obtained from the extra-oral spectrophotometer and the intra-oral one. Conclusions: The whitening pen proved ineffective in removing tea stains from resin composites. Although significant differences were found between the values obtained by the two spectrophotometers (extra-oral and intra-oral), both devices confirmed the unacceptable colour of the tea-stained resin composites after whitening.
Electromyographic Activity of the Pelvic Floor Muscles and Internal Oblique Muscles in Women during Running with Traditional and Minimalist Shoes: A Cross-Over Clinical Trial

The study aimed to investigate the effects of footwear on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) and internal oblique (IO) muscles during running at different speeds. The study also aimed to explore the correlation between EMG activity of PFMs and IO muscles and participants’ morphological characteristics. Ten nulliparous female runners were included in the study. The participants ran for 90 s at speeds of 9, 11, and 13 km/h wearing both traditional and minimalist shoes. EMG outcomes were presented as a percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC). Comparative analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon rank test. Correlational analysis was performed using the Rho–Spearman correlation coefficient. The %MVC for the IO muscles was significantly lower when using minimalist shoes compared to traditional shoes (p = 0.04). No statistically significant differences were found for the PFMs (p > 0.05). The study also observed large correlations between age and %MVC of the PFMs and IO muscles (rho = −0.64; p = 0.04). Minimalist shoes decreased the activity of IO muscles in female runners. However, no significant differences in EMG activity of PFMs were found when comparing traditional and minimalist footwear. The long-term effects of minimalist footwear on EMG activity of PFMs and IO muscles, as well as their relationship to morphological characteristics, require further investigation.
Cost-Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults in Italy: Comparing New Alternatives and Exploring the Role of GMT Ratios in Informing Vaccine Effectiveness

In Italy, a sequential pneumococcal vaccination with conjugate vaccine (PCV) and polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is recommended for individuals aged ≥ 65 years and those at risk for pneumococcal disease (PD) aged ≥ 6 years. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of the new vaccines, i.e., approved 15-valent and 20-valent PCVs. A published Markov model was adapted to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of vaccination with PCV15 + PPSV23 versus PCV13 + PPSV23, PCV20 alone, PCV20 + PPSV23, and No Vaccination. Simulated cohorts representing the Italian population, including individuals aged ≥ 65 years, those at risk aged 50–100 years, and those deemed high risk aged 18–100 years were assessed. Outcomes were accrued in terms of incremental PD cases, costs, quality-adjusted life years, life years, and the cost–utility ratio relative to PCV13 + PPSV23. The conservative base case analysis, including vaccine efficacy based on PCV13 data, showed that sequential vaccination with PCV15 or PCV20 in combination with PPSV23 is preferred over sequential vaccination with PCV13 + PPSV23. Especially in the high-risk group, PCV15 + PPSV23 sequential vaccination was dominant over No Vaccination and resulted in an ICUR of €3605 per QALY gained. Including PCV20 + PPSV23 into the comparison resulted in the domination of the PCV15 + PPSV23 and No Vaccination strategies. Additionally, explorative analysis, including the geometric mean titer (GMT) informed vaccine effectiveness (VE) was performed. In the low-risk and high-risk groups, the results of the GMT scenarios showed PCV15 + PPSV23 to be dominant over the other sequential vaccines. These findings suggest that if real-world studies would confirm a difference in vaccine effectiveness of PCV15 and PCV20 versus PCV13 based on GMT ratios, PCV15 + PPSV23 could prove a highly immunogenic and effective vaccination regime for the Italian adult population.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MANURES AND NPK APPLICATION ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF TURNIP (BRASSICA RAPA L)

A pot experiment was carried out to check the impact of different organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of turnip, at Horticulture Departmental experimental area, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, during 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in RCD with seven treatments replicated three times. Treatments contained control (no fertilizer added), FYM @ 25 t/hec, Poultry manure @ 10 t/hec, Goat manure @ 15 t/hec, Press mud @ 20 t/hec, Sewage sludge @ 20 t/hec and NPK @ 120-65-100 kg/hec. Data on leaves per plant, leaf length (cm), fresh leaf weight per plant (g), dry leaf weight per plant (g), root length (cm), root diameter (cm), fresh root weight per plant (g), dry root weight per plant (g), total biomass per plant (g), root yield per pot (g) and root yield (ton per ha) was recorded and analyzed statistically. The results revealed that all growth and yield parameters were significantly enhanced by the application of organic manures and NPK. Maximum values were recorded in NPK treated plants, as compared to all the treatments under studied, by producing 13.22 leaves per plant, 29.90 cm long leaf, fresh leaf weight per plant (52.83 g), dry leaf weight per plant (11.15 g), root length (7.07 cm), root diameter (7.23 cm), fresh root weight per plant (241.20 g), dry root weight per plant (22.25 g), total biomass per plant (313.37 g), root yield per pot (382.40 g) and 382.40 root yield (382.40 ton per hectare). It was also confirmed that poultry manure exhibited superiority as compared to other organic manures
Effect of an abrupt slope change on air entrainment and flow depths at stepped spillways

ABSTRACT Several stepped spillways have been built in recent decades, mostly integrated in the downstream faces of roller compacted concrete dams. Among them, only a few have changing bottom slopes. Comprehensive information on the effect of a slope change on the flow features is lacking. This paper reports a systematic study of air entrainment and flow bulking in skimming flow along stepped spillways in the vicinity of abrupt slope changes. Physical modelling was conducted using a large facility with abrupt pseudo-bottom slope changes from 50° to 30° and from 50° to 18.6°. Air–water flow measurements were conducted at several flow cross-sections upstream and downstream of the slope change. The results indicate a significant influence of the slope change on the air pattern and flow bulking. Four main flow sub-regions were identified to describe the typical air–water flow patterns. The normalized length of the influence reach induced by the slope change was found to depend mainly on the critical flow depth, regardless of the slope change and step height.
Fuzzy protein theory for disordered proteins

Why proteins are fuzzy? Constant adaptation to the cellular environment requires a wide range of changes in protein structure and interactions. Conformational ensembles of disordered proteins in particular exhibit large shifts to activate or inhibit alternative pathways. Fuzziness is critical for liquid–liquid phase separation and conversion of biomolecular condensates into fibrils. Interpretation of these phenomena presents a challenge for the classical structure-function paradigm. Here I discuss a multi-valued formalism, based on fuzzy logic, which can be applied to describe complex cellular behavior of proteins.
Growth and characterization of ZnO:Al thin film using RF sputtering for transparent conducting oxide

High-quality aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) thin films have been grown by a RF magnetron sputtering method using a ZnO target containing 2 mol% Al2O3 with optimization of deposition parameters. The physical properties of the ZnO:Al films were studied as a function of substrate temperature. XRD confirmed that the crystal quality of ZnO:Al films can be controlled by deposition parameters. The carrier concentration and mobility increased from 3.62× 10 /cm and 1.84 cm/V·s at 100 ◦C to 3.87 × 10 /cm and 10.63 cm/V·s at 400 ◦C, respectively. The optical transmittance of all thin films was more than 85 % in the visible range, which can be applicable for a transparent conducting electrode. The absorption edge shows a concentration-dependent shift as a result of the Burstein-Moss effect. The PL spectrum of ZnO in the 375-nm exciton-related UV band diminished in the ZnO:Al thin films upon increasing the deposition temperature, due to the Burstein-Moss shift. Moreover, typical emission composed of a broad peak at 450 nm and a defect-related visible band were observed. The optical band gap of the deposited thin film can be tuned by crystal quality as well as deposition parameters. The correlation among the structural, electrical, and optical properties is discussed.
The Role of Internal Conditions in the Implementation of the Lean Green Concept: American, Japanese and Polish Experiences

Lean Green is a concept which is implemented as a part of the sustainable development strategy, share allowing for reduction of the company’s costs related to, on the one hand, eﬃcient use of energy factors and on the other optimum use of production factors aimed at minimisation of wastefulness, in particular in the area of post-production waste and pollution. The purpose of the article is to identify the determinants, internal stimuli and to specify the force with which they aﬀect the implementation of the Lean Green concept in companies on various continents: America, Asia and Europe. For the purpose of better recognition of the examined problem, analysis of results of studies was made in consideration of the following criteria: country where a given company operates and share of persons outside the company in the process of implementation of this concept. In article uses the one-way ANOVA methodology, the Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests and the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. Hitherto studies have conﬁrmed that the determinants are regional, which indicates the necessity of directional studies.
Structural Changes Preceding Rapid Intensification in Tropical Cyclones as Shown in a Large Ensemble of Idealized Simulations

AbstractStructural changes that precede rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) are examined in a full-physics model by conducting a large ensemble (270) of idealized TC simulations. The processes leading to RI in a representative case with moderate shear are consistent with previous studies for weakly sheared cases. The most distinct changes are that the vortex tilt and the vortex size begin to decrease more rapidly 6 h before the onset of RI. A vorticity budget analysis for the upper layer around the low-level center reveals that the vertical vorticity is increased by vertical advection, stretching, and tilting terms before RI, whereas the horizontal advection is small. Thus, the upright vortex structure is not achieved through a vortex alignment process but rather is built upward by deep convection.The ensemble simulations are generated by changing the intensity and size of the initial vortex, the magnitude of vertical wind shear, and the translation speed. The ensemble members that show .
Fractional discrete-continuous model of heat transfer process

The paper proposes a new, state space, ﬁnite dimensional, fractional order model of a heat transfer in one dimensional body. The time derivative is described by Caputo operator. The second order central diﬀerence describes the derivative along the length. The analytical formulae of the model responses are proved. The stability, convergence, and positivity of the model are also discussed. Theoretical results are veriﬁed by experiments.
The Synergistic Effect of Electrical Stimulation and Dermal Fibroblast Cells-Laden 3D Conductive Hydrogel for Full-Thickness Wound Healing

Clinically, most patients with poor wound healing suffer from generalized skin damage, usually accompanied by other complications, so developing therapeutic strategies for difficult wound healing has remained extremely challenging until now. Current studies have indicated that electrical stimulation (ES) to cutaneous lesions enhances skin regeneration by activating intracellular signaling cascades and secreting skin regeneration-related cytokine. In this study, we designed different concentrations of graphene in gelatin-methacrylate (GelMa) to form the conductive composite commonly used in wound healing because of its efficiency compared to other conductive thermo-elastic materials. The results demonstrated the successful addition of graphene to GelMa while retaining the original physicochemical properties of the GelMa bioink. In addition, the incorporation of graphene increased the interactions between these two biomaterials, leading to an increase in mechanical properties, improvement in the swelling ratio, and the regulation of degradation characteristics of the biocomposite scaffolds. Moreover, the scaffolds exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, increasing proliferation and wound healing-related growth factor secretion from human dermal fibroblasts. Overall, the HDF-laden 3D electroconductive GelMa/graphene-based hydrogels developed in this study are ideal biomaterials for skin regeneration applications in the future.
DIGITAL PAYMENT TRANSFORMATION: THE ROLE OF THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL TO REPURCHASE INTENTION

Changes in the interaction between humans and technology have begun. The existence of technological developments cannot be separated from changes in the pattern of public transactions, which were initially traditional systems into digital systems. This research looks at the factors influencing user repurchase intentions, such as TAM factors and technology attributes, which are very important. This is quantitative research using SEM-PLS. The results showed that the variable Trust mediates the relationship between Security and Privacy Concerns on Repurchase Intention. E-Satisfaction mediates the relationship between Ease of Use, Security, and Privacy Concerns on Repurchase Intention. This research is a form of development of the TAM, which was carried out in Surabaya, so it does not reach all parts of Indonesia. This is because digital payments have not been used evenly, so the results obtained have not projected the acceptance behavior of the Indonesian people as a whole.
A Study of the Peculiarities of the Formation of a Hybrid Interface Based on Polydopamine between Dental Tissues and Dental Composites, Using IR and Raman Microspectroscopy, at the Submicron Level

The creation of buffer (hybrid) layers that provide improved adhesion to two heterogeneous materials is a promising and high-priority research area in the field of dental materials science. In our work, using FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy at the submicron level in a system of dental composites/intact dental enamel, we assessed the molecular features of formation and chemically visualized the hybrid interface formed on the basis of a nature-like adhesive, polydopamine (PDA). It is shown that a homogeneous bioinspired PDA–hybrid interface with an increased content of O-Ca-O bonds can be created using traditional methods of dental tissue pretreatment (diamond micro drilling, acid etching), as well as the subsequent alkalinization procedure and the developed synthesis technology. The development of the proposed technology for accelerated deposition of PDA–hybrid layers, as well as the creation of self-assembled biomimetic nanocomposites with antibacterial properties, may in the future find clinical application for minimally invasive dental restoration procedures.
Understanding the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Interdependent Happiness of the Married Hindu Couples

: The study examined the relationships among some demographic factors, self-compassion and interdependent happiness of the married Hindu couples. Using a correlational research design, 600 participants (300 couples) were chosen by a snowball sampling. Self-compassion Scale (Neff, 2003b), Socioeconomic Status Scale (Aggarwal et al., 2005) and Interdependent Happiness Scale (Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015) were used to collect data. Findings revealed that some demographic factors such as age, years of marriage and number of family members were positively correlated with self-compassion while the number of children and socioeconomic status were negatively correlated with it. Age, years of marriage and the number of children had a positive relationship with interdependent happiness. Self-compassion evinced a significant positive correlation with the interdependent happiness of the couples. The nature of family and self--compassion accounted for significant variance in the scores of interdependent happiness of the couples. The study constitutes one of the limited studies which assessed the relationships among a set of demographic factors, self--compassion and interdependent happiness on a sample drawn from a collectivistic society. The results have been discussed in the light of extant theoretical and empirical findings of self-compassion and interdependent happiness. The findings may have significant implications for understanding positive life outcomes of people with self-compassion belonging to a collectivistic culture. The theory, practise and policy implications of the findings have been discussed. Directions for future research have also been provided along with some limitations of the study.
Eddy Influences on the Strength of the Hadley Circulation: Dynamic and Thermodynamic Perspectives

AbstractThe strength of the equinoctial Hadley circulation (HC) is investigated in idealized simulations conducted on an equatorial beta plane in which the zonal width of the domain is varied to either permit or suppress large-scale eddies. The presence of such eddies is found to amplify the HC by a factor of 2–3 in simulations with slab-ocean boundary conditions or with a simple representation of ocean heat transport. Additional simulations in which the eddy forcing is prescribed externally indicate that this amplification is primarily associated with large-scale eddy momentum fluxes rather than large-scale eddy heat fluxes. These results contrast with results from simulations with fixed distributions of sea surface temperature (SST), in which the HC strength has been found to be relatively insensitive to large-scale eddy momentum fluxes.In both the interactive- and fixed-SST cases, the influence of nonlinear momentum advection by the mean flow complicates efforts to use the angular-momentum budget to co.
Environmental footprinting of hospitals: Organizational life cycle assessment of a Canadian hospital

Healthcare is a critical and complex service sector with direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions amounting to 5%–10% of the national total in developed economies like Canada and the United States. Along with a growing, albeit sporadic, set of life cycle assessment (LCA) (and “carbon footprinting”) studies of specific medical products and procedures, there is growing interest in “environmental footprinting” of hospitals. In this article, we advance this rapidly evolving area through a comprehensive organizational LCA of a 40‐bed hospital in British Columbia, Canada, in its 2019 fiscal year. Our results indicate that the total environmental footprint of the hospital includes, among other things, global warming potential of 3500–5000 t CO2 eq. (with 95% confidence). “Hotspots” in this footprint are attributable to energy and water use (and wastewater released), releases of anesthetic gases (which are potent GHGs), and the upstream production of the thousands of materials, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other products used in the hospital. The generalizability and comparability of these results are limited by inconsistencies across the few environmental footprinting studies of hospitals conducted to date. Nonetheless, our novel methodological approach, in which we compiled new LCA data for 200 goods and services used in healthcare—strategically selected to statistically represent the 2927 unique products in the hospital's “supply‐chains”—has broad applicability in healthcare and beyond.
Introduction to Solid State Physics (6th edn)

Charles Kittel 1986 Chichester: John Wiley x + 646 pp price £38.90 ISBN 0 471 87474 4 It is ten years since the last revision of this classic textbook, first published in 1955. During this time there have been many advances in the technological applications of solid state physics but, unlike in the first 20 years of the book's history, relatively few really important developments in the underlying science.