Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis of Tweets on Menu Labeling Regulations in the US

Menu labeling regulations in the United States mandate chain restaurants to display calorie information for standard menu items, intending to facilitate healthy dietary choices and address obesity concerns. For this study, we utilized machine learning techniques to conduct a novel sentiment analysis of public opinions regarding menu labeling regulations, drawing on Twitter data from 2008 to 2022. Tweets were collected through a systematic search strategy and annotated as positive, negative, neutral, or news. Our temporal analysis revealed that tweeting peaked around major policy announcements, with a majority categorized as neutral or news-related. The prevalence of news tweets declined after 2017, as neutral views became more common over time. Deep neural network models like RoBERTa achieved strong performance (92% accuracy) in classifying sentiments. Key predictors of tweet sentiments identified by the random forest model included the author’s followers and tweeting activity. Despite limitations such as Twitter’s demographic biases, our analysis provides unique insights into the evolution of perceptions on the regulations since their inception, including the recent rise in negative sentiment. It underscores social media’s utility for continuously monitoring public attitudes to inform health policy development, execution, and refinement.
Vertically resolved separation of dust and smoke over Cape Verde using multiwavelength Raman and polarization lidars during Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment

We are thankful to the reviewers for the time, effort, and expertise they have dedicated to reading and reviewing our manuscript. We found their insightful feedback and constructive comments to be helpful in shaping and enhancing the quality of our work. Our point-by-point replies to the comments are provided below. Referee comments are given in black, and our replies are given in blue.
Using correlation of daily flows to identify index gauges for ungauged streams

Predictions of daily flows in ungauged streams frequently rely on index gauges, where the timing of the daily flow at the index gauge is assumed to be similar to that in the ungauged stream. When some limited flow measurements are available at the ungauged sites, the strength of correlation between these flows and candidate index gauges can inform the selection of the index gauges. Here the use of the correlation of daily flows to select index gauges is systematically evaluated using a large flow data set from the Ohio River Valley, USA. Then, a novel method is introduced for predicting the strength with which daily flows at different gauges are correlated with daily flow at a completely ungauged site, using the physical characteristics of the ungauged site. The index gauges can then be selected based on these predicted correlations. The analysis indicates that this new method provides a means of identifying index sites that will yield a desired level of accuracy in flow predictions at ungauged locations. The ungauged sites at which sufficient index gauges are not available are also identified, and flow predictions are not calculated for these sites. Using this new method improves the overall accuracy of predicted flows, relative to existing methods.
Radiological Evaluation of Forearm Bones in Anatolian Population

Objectives: A better understanding of the anatomy of the radius and ulna is valuable in fracture fixation and reconstructive surgery. Morphometric values of bones differ between populations. This study aims to reach the mean morphometric values of the forearm bones in the Anatolian population. Methods: Through Computed Tomography Angiography images, Radius length, radius width, the distance between the lateral and medial edges of the distal end of the radius (AD) width, caput ulna width, ulna length, and caput radii width measurement data, including age and gender were collected. Results: A total of 81 images, 28 female and 53 male, were included in the study. When the general data of the study were evaluated, it was found that radius length (cm) was 23.39±1.82, radius width (mm) was 30±2.9, AD width (mm) was 25.8±3, caput ulna width (mm) was 16.4±2.2, ulna length (cm) was 25.33±1.88, caput radii width (mm) was 19.1±2.5. There was a significant difference between the genders in the measured parameters. Conclusion: The lengths and distal widths of the radius and ulna differ in the Anatolian population compared to other populations. For this reason, anatomical values of the populations should be considered in forearm fracture surgery applications.
Regression analysis and C7+ description for accurate PVT data calculations with equations of state

Simulation of improved recovery processes from gas condensate and volatile oil reservoirs is significantly affected by the match of experimental PVT data. Therefore, a proper characterization of the mixture composition and tuning of the equation of state used are crucial for the accuracy of the reservoir model. This paper presents an efficient method for phase behaviour matching by non-linear regression. The constraints introduced by the boundaries of the regression variables are eliminated by a suitable change of variables. This leads to an unconstrained optimization problem, solved by an original implementation of the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The C7+ fraction is described by a continuous (semi-infinite or truncated) distribution function. A new, rigorous generalized quadrature method is developed for the characterization of the continuous portion of the mixture, which can be applied to any distribution function. The regression was applied to PVT data for several gas-condensate, including near-critical, and volatile oil systems subjected to different types of expansion and swelling tests, as well as multistage separation processes. The calculated results indicate very good agreement with experimental values. The regression algorithm proves to be robust and efficient.
First Principle Investigation on Electronic Properties of Cationic and Anionic CO-Alloyed
Cu2ZnSnS4 Kesterite Material

The primary goal of kesterite alloying is to allow for fine tweaking of the material's characteristics for advanced device engineering. Additionally, it is seen as a viable solution to inherent kesterite absorber difficulties such as the Cu/Zn disorder or Sn multivalency. The most interesting alloying elements for kesterite are Ag replacing Cu, Cd replacing Zn, and Ge replacing Sn for cationic substitution, as well as Se replacing S for anionic substitution. This research work investigates the effect of alloying CZTS with Silver (Ag) (Cation) and Selenium (Se) (Anion) theoretically using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The compounds were found to exhibit indirect bandgap characteristics, with conduction band minima (CBM) and valence band maxima (VBM) located between the N and gamma points of the Brillouin zone for pure kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 and between the N and A points for alloyed Ag2ZnSnSe4 respectively. The bandgap of around 1.22 eV and 0.78 eV were recorded for the pure and alloyed kesterite materials. From the obtained results, a shrink in bandgap was observed due to the presence of heavy anion (Se) and cation (Ag) alloying at the same time. It was also found that the contribution of different atomic orbitals to the formation of the valence and conduction bands is approximately identical for pure and alloyed materials.
Trait and State Anxiety Effects on Mismatch Negativity and Sensory Gating Event-Related Potentials

We used the auditory roving oddball to investigate whether individual differences in self-reported anxiety influence event-related potential (ERP) activity related to sensory gating and mismatch negativity (MMN). The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used to assess the effects of anxiety on the ERPs for auditory change detection and information filtering in a sample of thirty-six healthy participants. The roving oddball paradigm involves presentation of stimulus trains of auditory tones with certain frequencies followed by trains of tones with different frequencies. Enhanced negative mid-latency response (130–230 ms post-stimulus) was marked at the deviant (first tone) and the standard (six or more repetitions) tone at Fz, indicating successful mismatch negativity (MMN). In turn, the first and second tone in a stimulus train were subject to sensory gating at the Cz electrode site as a response to the second stimulus was suppressed at an earlier latency (40–80 ms). We used partial correlations and analyses of covariance to investigate the influence of state and trait anxiety on these two processes. Higher trait anxiety exhibited enhanced MMN amplitude (more negative) (F(1,33) = 14.259, p = 6.323 × 10−6, ηp2 = 0.302), whereas state anxiety reduced sensory gating (F(1,30) = 13.117, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.304). Our findings suggest that high trait-anxious participants demonstrate hypervigilant change detection to deviant tones that appear more salient, whereas increased state anxiety associates with failure to filter out irrelevant stimuli.
Lidar observations of a lot of sporadic sodium layers in mid‐latitude

We have routinely observed mesospheric Na layers since November 1991 with a Na ground-based lidar above Tokyo Metropolitan University (TMU) at Hachioji, Tokyo (35.6°N, 139.4°E) in mid-latitude. In the past, the sporadic Na layers have been observed commonly at low-and high-latitude lidar sites [Kwon et al., 1988; Batista et al., 1989; von Zahn et al., 1987] but rarely observed at mid-latitude sites [Senft et al., 1989]. Contrary to expectations, we could observe more than 100 events of the sporadic Na layers for two years from November 1991 until October 1993 in this mid-latitude lidar site, and the large sporadic Na layers had been observed especially during spring and summer. Most of these events were accompanied by sporadic E layers and the most enhancement of the sporadic E layers preceded that of the sporadic Na layers by 15 to 30 minutes.
Predicting the Role of Motivation, Sensation-Seeking, and Constraints in Shaping Visitors’ Intention and Stage of reading to Visit a Folk Theatre

Purpose: The study investigates the impact of motivation, sensation-seeking, constraint, and attitude on visit intention and stage of readiness associated with a folk theatre, specifically the Bharata People Theatre. Design/Methodology/Approach: The collected data includes 260 participants in Jakarta using a convenient sampling method. We analysed the collected data through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling. The study tested various hypotheses related to the influence of motivation, sensation-seeking, constraint, and attitude on visit intention and stage of readiness. Findings: The results showed significant relationships between motivation and attitude, motivation and visit intention, sensation-seeking and visit intention and attitude and visit intention. However, the study did not find a significant relationship between constraint and visit intention, motivation and readiness, sensation-seeking and readiness or attitude and readiness. Research, Practical & Social implications: This study contributes to the current knowledge of marketing folk theatres, specifically the Bharata People Puppet Theatre. The study emphasises the significance of motivation, sensation-seeking, and attitude in influencing visitors’ intentions to attend cultural performances. However, the non-significant relationships between constraint and readiness and between attitude and readiness suggest the need for a better understanding of the factors affecting visitors’ readiness to engage in cultural performances. Originality/Value: The study provides valuable insights for theatre managers and marketers to design effective strategies to attract and engage audiences.
Some index Foraminifera of the Tampico embayment area of Mexico

The Tampico Embayment Area of Mexico is broad and of low relief. It comprises the portion of the Gulf Coastal Plain extending from the Tamaulipas Mountains to a short distance south of the Panuco River. The northern oil fields are in this region. The area may be treated as a unit from a geologic standpoint. Along the coast is a narrow belt of Tertiary sediments. In the remainder of the area Cretaceous sedimentary strata are covered with a thin veneer of alluvium. The Tertiary and Cretaceous rocks contain an abundance of Foraminifera but practically no other fossils. Thus Foraminifera furnish the only available criteria for stratigraphic correlation. Travel is difficult, outcrops are rare and when found are usually deceptive in dip, physiographic expression of the underlying structure is practically absent, and lithologic differences are not sufficiently varied for differentiation of horizons. It is apparent, therefore, that the solution of structural problems related to the oil fields may be greatly aided by correlation based on the study of Foraminifera. Most of the work in correlation involves, only the formations of the Upper Cretaceous, from near the middle of the Velasco to the base of the Upper Cretaceous. These formations of the Upper Cretaceous include, the Velasco, the Mendez, the Papagallos and the San Felipe. These formations overlie the Tamaulipas limestone of Lower Cre-
Regional climate modeling over China with COSMO‐CLM: Performance assessment and climate projections

This study presents the results of high‐resolution (0.125°) climate simulations over a Chinese area performed with an optimized configuration of the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM, driven by ERA‐Interim Reanalysis over the period 1979–2011 and by the output of the global model CMCC‐CM (resolution 0.75°) over the period 1979–2100. The main aim of this work was to analyze the capabilities of COSMO‐CLM to describe the climate of China in the recent past; validation revealed a good improvement in reproducing the precipitation and a reasonable improvement in 2 m temperature representation compared to results reported elsewhere. Climate projections, under the new IPCC RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios, show a significant warming expected in China over the 21st century, while precipitation changes are expected only on a regional scale: increases in precipitation are projected for both scenarios in the northern part of the domain, while the southern area will be affected by a reduction in winter.
The A.D. 1300 Event in the Pacific Basin*

Around a.d. 1300 the entire Pacific Basin (continental Pacific Rim and oceanic Pacific Islands) was affected by comparatively rapid cooling and sea‐level fall, and possibly increased storminess, that caused massive and enduring changes to Pacific environments and societies. For most Pacific societies, adapted to the warmer, drier, and more stable climates of the preceding Medieval Climate Anomaly (a.d. 750–1250), the effects of this A.D. 1300 Event were profoundly disruptive, largely because of the reduction in food resources available in coastal zones attributable to the 70–80‐centimeter sea‐level fall. This disruption was manifested by the outbreak of persistent conflict, shifts in settlements from coasts to refugia inland or on unoccupied offshore islands, changes in subsistence strategies, and an abrupt end to long‐distance cross‐ocean interaction during the ensuing Little Ice Age (a.d. 1350–1800). The A.D. 1300 Event provides a good example of the disruptive potential for human societies of abrupt, short‐lived climate changes.
Assessing Feasibility of Cognitive Impairment Testing Using Social Robotic Technology Augmented with Affective Computing and Emotional State Detection Systems

Social robots represent a valid opportunity to manage the diagnosis, treatment, care, and support of older people with dementia. The aim of this study is to validate the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test administered by the Pepper robot equipped with systems to detect psychophysical and emotional states in older patients. Our main result is that the Pepper robot is capable of administering the MMSE and that cognitive status is not a determinant in the effective use of a social robot. People with mild cognitive impairment appreciate the robot, as it interacts with them. Acceptability does not relate strictly to the user experience, but the willingness to interact with the robot is an important variable for engagement. We demonstrate the feasibility of a novel approach that, in the future, could lead to more natural human–machine interaction when delivering cognitive tests with the aid of a social robot and a Computational Psychophysiology Module (CPM).
Structure of Tertiary and Pleistocene normal faults in Iceland

Normal faults were measured in three selected areas of the late Tertiary and Pleistocene lava pile in Iceland. The arithmetic mean throw of 315 faults is 8.2 m, the minimum being 0.5 m and the maximum 150 m. About 93% of the faults have throws of less than 20 m. The mean strike of the faults is N31°E, but the mode is N45°E. The faults dip from 42° to 89°, nearly 80% dip between 65° and 79°, and the mean dip is 73°. Fault breccia is common and varies in thickness from 0.05 m to 2 m. There is a positive linear relation between breccia thickness and throw, the linear correlation coefficient being 0.78. It is proposed that the normal faults in Iceland form by two basic mechanisms. One is the development of faults from sets of inclined joints in the lava pile. The initially vertical columnar joints in the lavas gradually decrease in dip with depth in the crust because the regional dip of the lavas increases by about 1° for every 150–170 m depth. The inclined joints form sets of en echelon cracks that may link up through tension cracks that propagate from near the ends of the joints. The other mechanism involves formation and growth of normal faults by coalescence of smaller tension fractures. The great majority of fractures within the active rift zone are tension fractures, but when they attain the length of several hundred meters they normally change into normal faults. It is concluded that normal fault development in Iceland commonly starts at depths of about 1 km in the crust.
Análise da vegetação sucessional em campos abandonados no agreste paraibano

It was aimed to study ecological succession in an old Sisalana field, abandoned 30 years ago, in the municipality of Pocinhos, Paraiba. In 20 plots (10 x 20 m), DNS (Diameter at the Soil Level) and the individual’s total height were taken. The difference between adults and natural regeneration was made by DNS. For natural regeneration four size classes were established: Class I: 0.3 – 1.49 m; Class II: 1.5 – 2.49 m; Class III: 2.5 – 3.0 m and Class IV: bigger than 3 m and DNS -1 . Adult species that showed high values of importance (VI) were: Pilosocereus glaucescens (Labour.) Byles , Pithecellobium diversifolium G.P. Lewis, Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. and Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. The first species contributed with 27% of the total VI. The Classes I and II got 45 and 41% of the young individuals, respectively. It is conchuded that the period of 30 years, after abandoning crop was enough for the restoration of the native vegetation, whose diversity and structure are compatible with the caatinga in regional context.
Analysis of Coral Reef Coverage Condition in The Waters of Central Bangka Regency

This research aims to discover the percentage of coral reef coverage and the condition of the coral reef ecosystem in small islands in Central Bangka regency waters. The research was conducted on May 2022 on six small islands: Panjang Island, Semujur Island, Ketawai Island, Ketugas Island, Gusung Asam Island, and Bebuar Island. The method used was underwater photo transect (UPT) and then analyzed using Coral Point Count with Excel extension software (CPCe). The result shows that of 6 small islands, only Semujur Island is populated. Coral reefs in small islands in Central Bangka regency were a type of fringing reef dan patch reefs with 3,0 - 8,8 meter depth. Standard damage criteria show that the damage was Moderate (44,60%) to Excellent (87,00%). The details were Moderate category on Ketugar Island, Good category was in Panjang Island, Gusung Asam Island, and Bebuar Island, while the coral reefs in Excellent category were in Semujur Island and Ketawai Island. 24 lifeform types were found with a dominant percentage value of approximately 18,47 - 46,87%. Lifeform was dominated by Coral Foliose (CF), Acropora Tabulate (ACT), dan Dead Coral with algae (DCA). Live coral reefs closer were dominated by healthy lifeforms, with most of the close being Dead Coral with algae. It showed that coral reefs might get disturbed by algae occurrence and triggers massive algae expansion. Fish in Coral reefs primarily targeted fish. It prefers the lifeform type to dead coral with algae lifeform.
Thoracic Dorsal Root Ganglion Application of Resiniferatoxin Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias

Background: A myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The activation of TRPV1 DRG neurons triggers the spinal dorsal horn and the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal intermediolateral column, which results in sympathoexcitation. In this study, we hypothesize that the selective epidural administration of resiniferatoxin (RTX) to DRGs may provide cardioprotection against ventricular arrhythmias by inhibiting afferent neurotransmission during IR injury. Methods: Yorkshire pigs (n = 21) were assigned to either the sham, IR, or IR + RTX group. A laminectomy and sternotomy were performed on the anesthetized animals to expose the left T2–T4 spinal dorsal root and the heart for IR intervention, respectively. RTX (50 μg) was administered to the DRGs in the IR + RTX group. The activation recovery interval (ARI) was measured as a surrogate for the action potential duration (APD). Arrhythmia risk was investigated by assessing the dispersion of repolarization (DOR), a marker of arrhythmogenicity, and measuring the arrhythmia score and the number of non-sustained ventricular tachycardias (VTs). TRPV1 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expressions in DRGs and CGRP expression in the spinal cord were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results: The RTX mitigated IR-induced ARI shortening (−105 ms ± 13 ms in IR vs. −65 ms ± 11 ms in IR + RTX, p = 0.028) and DOR augmentation (7093 ms2 ± 701 ms2 in IR vs. 3788 ms2 ± 1161 ms2 in IR + RTX, p = 0.020). The arrhythmia score and VT episodes during an IR were decreased by RTX (arrhythmia score: 8.01 ± 1.44 in IR vs. 3.70 ± 0.81 in IR + RTX, p = 0.037. number of VT episodes: 12.00 ± 3.29 in IR vs. 0.57 ± 0.3 in IR + RTX, p = 0.002). The CGRP expression in the DRGs and spinal cord was decreased by RTX (DRGs: 6.8% ± 1.3% in IR vs. 0.6% ± 0.2% in IR + RTX, p < 0.001. Spinal cord: 12.0% ± 2.6% in IR vs. 4.5% ± 0.8% in IR + RTX, p = 0.047). Conclusions: The administration of RTX locally to thoracic DRGs reduces ventricular arrhythmia in a porcine model of IR, likely by inhibiting spinal afferent hyperactivity in the cardio–spinal sympathetic pathways.