Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ptimization of the production of Methyl Ester from used cotton Seed Oil: A Statistical Approach using box-behnken design

Methyl ester is the name given to monoalkyl esters of vegetable and animal oils. Since methyl ester has fuel properties that are comparable to those of diesel fuel, it is becoming more popular as a substitute fuel for use in diesel engines. The amount of free fatty acids (FFA) in the oil determines how methyl ester is produced. In this study, the titration method was used to calculate the FFA values of the crude cottonseed oil (CCSO) and one-time Used Cottonseed Oil (UCSO), with values 0.56 % and 1.26 %, respectively. The UCSO is transformed into methyl ester by employing a heterogeneous alkali catalyzed transesterification reaction. It involves the addition of methanol to bleach and degummed UCSO in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts CaO-blend derived from calcinated eggshells and coconut shell blend. Reaction variables including the methanol-to-oil ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst concentration control the transesterification process. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the aforementioned parameters using the response surface methodology (RSM). Numerous factors that affect the generation of biodiesel have been plotted using the response surface plot and contour plot. An optimized UCSO methyl ester yield of 92.00 % was obtained at a 1:10.80 molar ratio, 2.5 wt. % catalyst concentration, 80 minute reaction time, and 60 °C reaction temperature. The experimental yield was 92.10 %, as determined by the optimized yield based on these parameters. This shows that the response surface methodology is a successful strategy for increasing the yield. The regression model proved successful, as observed by the error values between the predicted and actual outcomes being less than 1 % UCSOME conversion. For this study, adequate precision was 8.9518. As a result, the model can be utilized to explore the design space. Each succeeding cycle of reuse produced 91.60 %, 85.50 %, 81.60 %, 78.60 %, 74.20 %, and 72.87 % of the biodiesel. The measurements for viscosity, density, and flash point of UCSO were 33-36 mm 2 /s at 311 K, 911-916 kg/m 3 at 288 K, and 504-510 K, respectively. UCSO methyl ester (UCSOME) had a viscosity between 3.6 and 3.7 mm 2 /s and a density between 875 and 880 at 311 K. While the flash points of the UCSOME are measured at 435–440 K as opposed to 504-510 K. The saponification value of cottonseed oil was 188.32 mg/g while that of biodiesel was 165.87 mg/g. Thus, biodiesel fatty acid methyl ester possesses a distinctive FTIR absorption of carbonyl (C=0) stretching vibrations near 1740-1744 cm -1 and C-O bending vibrations in the range of 1196 cm -1 .
Mathematical morphology: a tool for automated GIS data acquisition from scanned thematic maps.

Over several years, the demand for digital data has grown as geographical information systems were im- plemented. Because of the cost of database creation, data acquisition should unquestionably be automated as much as possible. Today, scanning devices produce a huge amount of data that still needs complex processing. This paper proposes an original approach using image processing tools coming from Mathematical Morphology theory to acquire GIs data from scanned thematic maps. These tools are used in order to obtain a segmentation prior to radiometric analysis. To illustrate the methodology, a subset of the Belgian soil map is treated. URING THE LAST FIFTEEN YEARS, dramatic growth in the use of geographical information systems (GIs) occurred in many disciplines. This technology provides multipurpose land infor- mation systems as a means of dealing with the land records modernization problem. Natural resources modeling and man- agement also benefit greatly from this technology by integrating a tremendous amount of data. By far, data capture is the most expensive task in a GIs ap- plication. To make full use of GIs capabilities, accurate and up- to-date information must be provided. The usual method of acquiring data from existing maps is by manually following lines on a digitizing table. Though advertising brochures usually show an operator happily at work, this method is actually a very tedious and boring operation with a high probability of errors due to either duplicating or omitting information (Doyle, 1978). To overcome this predicament, techniques for automated and semi-automated data capture have been developed during the past several years. Two major "automated processes being used today for data acquisition are line following and map scanning. Line following techniques are used for digitizing lines such as stream networks or contour lines while map scanning allows the extraction of point, line, and surface information. A recent opinion of map scanning (Faust, 1987) stated that "the existing multistep-inter- active procedure for creating point, line, and polygon structures with the appropriate attributes must be automated to a Kreater extent. " 1i ibis paper, we present a method to automaLe data acquisition with the Belgian soil map which is of interest for natural resources oriented GIS as an example. The major feature of the method is its ability to segment the map into its different areas prior to radiometric analysis. This process makes use of Mathematical Morphology, a new image processing technique. The results indicate that the method is consistent with human interpretation of the map. However, it is not the claim of the authors to suggest that a methodology 'could be applied without distinction to any kind of thematic maps, because each has its own peculiarity. Nonetheless, our opinion is that some tools used here could be widely employed for processing other scanned maps.
Preparation of vocational skills learning programs Acupressure massage for children with mild intellectual disability class x at slb b-c nike

This research is motivated by the large number of children with intelligence barriers who have graduated from school but do not have adequate skills to prepare for entering the job field. This makes children with intelligence barriers only become consumptive humans, even though they have the opportunity to do something or get a job in accordance with his ability This study aims to determine the ability to massage acupressure in children with mild intellectual disability in class X. To obtain the data needed in this study, researchers determine the source of research data, the source of data in this study is a party that can be used as a source of data or information in research The source of this research data is 3 (three) children with mild intellectual disability class X. The reason for choosing children with mild intellectual disability as a source of research data is because the ability and age are
The Eﬀects of CBDC on the Federal Reserve’s Balance Sheet

We propose a parsimonious framework to understand how the issuance of central bank digital currency (CBDC) might affect the financial system, the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet, and the implementation of monetary policy. We show that there is a wide range of outcomes on the financial system and the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet that could reasonably occur following CBDC issuance. Our analysis highlights that the potential effects on the financial sector depend critically on how the Fed manages its balance sheet. In particular, CBDC could in principle put substantial upward pressure on the spread of the federal funds rate and other wholesale funding rates over the interest rate on reserves unless the Fed expanded its balance sheet to accommodate CBDC issuance
Diversity and spatial distribution of fruit tree species in the Mbam and Djerem National Park (MDNP), a Chimpanzees Habitat, Cameroon

The importance of tropical forests in the conservation of biodiversity can not be underrated. The Mbam and Djerem National Park (MDNP) is located in the forest-savanna transition zone, which gives it an exceptional biological diversity characterised by a wide variety of plant formations, a diversity of habitats and threatened animal species such as the chimpanzee. The chimpanzee finds almost all the food resources it needs to survive. The abundance and distribution of these resources strongly influence their ecology. To analyse the diversity and spatial distribution of trees whose fruits are consumed by chimpanzees in the MDNP, we established 30 transects of 2.5 to 5 km length consisting of contiguous quadrats of 400 m 2 each, within which trees of diameter at breast height (dbh ≥ 10 cm) were identified and measured in the territories of three chimpanzee groups. Species distribution was assessed by Moran's index and by projection on the axis of the transects and the number of individuals encountered in the quadrats. The study identified 80543 individuals belonging to 281 species in 189 genera within 56 botanical families. Of these 281 species, 117 species are included in the chimpanzee diet and represent more than 60% in terms of relative density and dominance. In addition, many others were special status species. The spatial distribution of individual species whose fruits are consumed by chimpanzees was generally gregarious, with species tied to micro-habitats. Given the importance of this diet to the survival of chimpanzees in the park, it would be important to identify the type of species and their organs most consumed seasonally and to assess their availability in each of the biotopes visited.
Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from the Leaves of Aegle marmelos and Their Antimicrobial Activity and Photocatalytic Activities

The leaves of the Aegle marmelos plant were used for the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and further characterized by different techniques, including (Ultra Violet-Visible) UV-Vis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Vis showed a peak at 330 nm, which may be due to the Surface Plasmon Resonance phenomenon. XRD analysis showed the crystalline nature of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). In contrast, SEM showed that nanoparticles were not aggregated or clumped, EDX showed the presence of elemental copper. , and further, the TEM analysis revealed the average particle size of copper oxide nanoparticles to be 32 nm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcusaureus (S. aureus) was found to be 400 µg/mL, whereas for Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida dubliniensis (C. dubliniensis) it was 800 µg/mL. The zone of inhibition in the well diffusion assay showed the antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles, and it also showed that as the concentration of copper oxide nanoparticles increased, the zone of inhibition also increased. Further, the electron microscopic view of the interaction between copper oxide nanoparticles and C. albicans cells showed that CuO NPs were internalized and attached to the cell membrane, which caused changes in the cellular structure and caused deformities which eventually led to cell death. The prepared CuO NPs showed significant photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in the presence of sunlight.
and Youths’ Attitudes toward Nigeria’s Political Activities

Purpose: A politically engaged individual will pay close attention on various subjects related to public space or collective concerns, such as the environment, public policy, human rights, elections, and other relevant factors. Political apathy, on the other hand, refers to a general state of indifference towards the events and governance of one’s political locality. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between media contents and youths’ attitudes toward Nigeria’s political activities. Methodology: This study was anchored on Cognitive Mobilisation Theory. The study adopted the correlation survey research design. The study targeted Nigerian youths aged 18-35. Stratified and convenience sampling techniques were used in selecting the respondents. The study utilized a self-designed questionnaire called the Media Political Education Contents and Youths’ Attitudes, Questionnaire (MEYPQ). Copies of the questionnaire were electronically administered using (https://docs.google.com). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to process the data, which was presented as frequency distributions for all items in charts and tables, the mean, and standard deviation. Findings: Findings from the study show that 435 (80.2%) of the respondents accessed political education contents on social media, 405 respondents (75%) accessed such content via digital media, 403 (74.5%) accessed through graphics/digital graphics, 74.14% (400) accessed via electronics/broadcast, and 62.64% (338) of the respondents have accessed or seen political education via print media. The attitude of Nigerian youths towards political activities is positive (Weighted Mean = 2.56; S.D = 0.87). An increase in media education contents will lead to an increase in attitudes of Nigerian youths towards political activities by 0.861. Recommendations: The study recommends that political stakeholders should use the opportunities presented by the media to change the apathetic and hostile attitudes of youths towards political actors and activities into trust, acceptance, cooperation and support.
Structural basis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of hydroxychloroquine: specific binding to NTD/CTD and disruption of LLPS of N protein

SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus causing the catastrophic pandemic which already led to >120 millions of infections and >2.6 millions of deaths. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been shown to own promising potential in clinically combating SARS-CoV-2 but the underlying mechanisms still remain almost unknown. So far, all action sites are proposed on the host cells, and in particular no specific viral target protein has been experimentally identified. In this study, by use of DIC microscopy and NMR spectroscopy, for the first time we have decoded that HCQ specifically binds to both N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein to inhibit their interactions with nucleic acids (NAs), as well as to disrupt its NA-induced liquid- liquid phase separation (LLPS) essential for the viral life cycle including the package of gRNA and N protein into new virions. These results suggest that HCQ may achieve its anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by interfering in several key steps of the viral life cycle. The study not only provides a structural basis for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of HCQ, but also indicates that SARS-CoV-2 N protein and its LLPS represent key targets for further optimization and development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
Characteristics of Daily Precipitation during the Monsoon Season in Nepal

This paper analyzes the characteristics of daily precipitation during the monsoon season from June to September for 21 years from 1976 to 1996 in Nepal, which is situated in the southern Himalaya. The average monsoon precipitation, and the number of rainy days in Nepal are 1, 410 mm, and 73 days, respectively. On the basis of the total monsoon precipitationand the number of rainy days, 1978, 1984, and 1985 are classified as wet years, and 1977, 1979, and 1992 are classified as dry years. Nepal is divided into six regions on the basis of the statistical characteristics of total monsoon precipitation and number of rainy days.On the other hand, the distribution pattern of 5-year probable rainfall in Nepal, is considerably different from that of average monsoon precipitation. Five-year probable rainfall is small in northern Nepal, and becomes large toward the south. On the basis of 5-year probable rainfall, which is regarded to be the threshold value of heavy rainfall in Nepal, heavy rainfall occurred more frequently in 1981 and 1987. These years did not agree with the wet years based on total precipitation and number of rainy days, indicating that the occurrence of heavy rainfall that causes water hazards in Nepal does not synchronize with wet years.
Comparative Antibacterial Analysis of Four Different Medicinal Plants Against Human Skin Flora

ackground: As we are facing continuously increasing antibiotic resistance, increased infections, diseases and pandemics, the researching community is turning to find the solutions from nature and plants play a vital role in this scenario. Pakistan due to its unique geography and a variety of climatic zones harbors a huge floral diversity. Methods: In this study extracts of four plants of Pakistan namely Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Moringa oleifera and Eucalyptus camaldulensis prepared by Aqueous. Ethanol and Methanol extract preparation methods were examined for their phytochemical content by employing various reagents and methods like foam test for saponins, xanthoprotein test for proteins, Braemar’s test for tannins etc. Antibacterial activity against stored human skin flora samples was performed using the agar well diffusion assay and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA one way analysis on Microsoft Excel 2010. Result: Each plant extract exhibited antibacterial activity and statistical analysis performed for extracts of each plant showed p value for A. indica as 0.36 (P > 0.05), for C. longa as 0.09 (P > 0.05), for M. oleifera as 0.67 (P > 0.05) and for E. camaldulensis as 0.02 (P < 0.05), which indicates significant antibacterial activity of E. camaldulensis depending on the size of zones of inhibition produced by it. Conclusion: All the extracts prepared from selected plants showed some degree of antibacterial activity against the human skin flora that can also act as opportunistic pathogen. This supports the use of traditionally used plants and herbs for fighting present day soaring health related issues as antimicrobial resistance. Study also suggests further investigations for estimating exact concentrations of extracts to be used that work efficiently in relevant cases and molecular mechanism of action of these extracts
Headwater refuges: Flow protects Austropotamobius crayfish from Faxonius limosus invasion

This study explores the geospatial relationship between the invasive crayfish species Faxonius limosus and the native Austropotamobius bihariensis and A. torrentium crayfish populations in Eastern Europe, identifying the environmental factors which influence the invasion. We used species distribution modelling based on several climatic, geophysical and water quality variables and crayfish distributional data to predict sectors suitable for each species within the river network. Thus, we identified the sectors potentially connecting invasive and native population clusters and quantified the degree of proximity between competing species. These sectors were then extensively surveyed with trapping and hand searching, doubled by eDNA meth-ods, in order to assess whether any crayfish or the crayfish plague pathogen Aphanomyces astaci are present. The predictive models exhibited excellent performance and successfully distinguished between the analysed crayfish species. The expansion of F. limosus in streams was found to be limited by flash-flood potential, resulting in a range that is constrained to lowland rivers. Field surveys found neither crayfish nor pathogen presence in the connective sectors. Another interesting finding derived from the screening efforts, which are among the most extensive carried out across native, apparently healthy crayfish populations, was the existence of a latent infection with an A. astaci strain identified as A-haplogroup. Our results provide realistic insights for the long-term conservation of native Austropotamobius species, which appear to be naturally
wide-Effects of Digital Physical Activity Interventions for Breast Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta­Analysis

Objectives: The benefits of physical activity (PA) for breast cancer (BC) patients and survivors are well documented. With the widespread use of the internet and mobile phones, along with the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there has been a growing interest in digital health interventions. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of digital PA interventions for BC patients and survivors in improving PA and quality of life (QoL). Methods: We searched eight databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, RISS, and DBpia. Studies were included if they provided digital PA interventions, assessed PA and QoL among BC patients and survivors, and were published from inception to December 31, 2022. Results: In total, 18 studies were identified. The meta-analysis showed significant improvement in the total PA duration (five studies; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25–1.18; I 2 = 86.64%), functional capacity (three studies; SMD = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.10–0.66; I 2 = 14.36%), and QoL (nine studies; SMD = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22–0.69; I 2 = 65.55%). Conclusions: Digital PA interventions for BC patients and survivors may significantly improve PA, functional capacity, and QoL. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of digital PA interventions, using objective outcome measures.
Glycaemic control, disease duration and beta-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes in a Swedish community. Skaraborg Hypertension and Diabetes Project.

AIMS To examine determinants for glycaemic control in primary care patients with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS In a community-based surveillance of primary care patients with Type 2 diabetes, 190 men and 186 women were consecutively identified and examined for cardiovascular risk factors. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were estimated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Good glycaemic control was defined as HbA(1c) < 6.5%. RESULTS Following adjustment for age and gender, HbA(1c) > or = 6.5% was associated with duration of diabetes (10.6 vs. 6.4 years, P < 0.001), lower levels of serum insulin (6.3 vs. 8.0 mU/l, P = 0.012), higher serum triglyceride levels (2.0 vs. 1.7 mmol/l, P = 0.002) and impairment of beta-cell function (HOMA index 19.5 vs. 45.8, P < 0.001). The association between HbA(1c) levels and duration remained with adjustment for age, gender, waist-hip ratio (WHR) and serum triglycerides (odds ratio (OR) for HbA(1c) > or = 6.5% by 5 years diabetes duration = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4--2.1) but was lost following additional adjustment for beta-cell function (OR for HbA(1c) > or = 6.5% = 1.3; 95% CI 0.96-1.7). In a separate linear regression with beta-cell function as the dependent variable there was a significant association with HbA1c after adjustments for differences in age, gender, WHR, serum triglyceride levels and diabetes duration (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increasing HbA1c by time was associated with declining beta-cell function.