Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Terahertz Antenna-coupled Microbolometer: Impact of High Heater Resistance

We report the terahertz bolometric detection by antenna-coupled microbolometer that consists of a titanium (Ti) meander thermistor, and a Ti heater coupled to the antenna. In this study, we investigate the impact of high resistance heater to the microbolometer performances. Two antenna models of folded and halfwave dipoles are investigated to capture 1 THz radiation and transfer the energy to the 586Ω and 91Ω resistance heaters, respectively. A minimum noise equivalent power (NEP) of 39 pW/Hz1/2 and 66 pW/Hz1/2 are obtained for folded and halfwave dipole antenna-coupled microbolometer, respectively. The results confirm the usefulness of the higher heater resistance and proper impedance matching to the antenna for microbolometer performance improvement.
Hierarchical modelling of orthopaedic hip replacement damage accumulation and reliability

Summary. We describe the modelling of crack initiation and growth in a group of orthopaedic hip replacements. A hierarchical model is proposed and fitted with Bayesian methods, implemented by the Gibbs sampler. Our interest is in predicting the failure of the replacements, which is predominately caused by crack activity in the cement that fixates the metal prosthesis to the bone. Simulation from the model based on posterior distribution samples allows us to approx‐imate the reliability function and to assess the effect on reliability of the properties of the replacement. We discuss the ideas behind this approach, which can be generalized to any group of physical systems and any function of their state that interests us.
Angular distribution in the two-quantum atomic photoeffect

Total and differential two-photon ionization cross sections are derived in the framework of perturbation theory, assuming a simple one-electron atomic model. It is shown that for an unpolarized target the angular distribution of the ejected electrons has the general form $\mathrm{a}+b{cos}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}+c{cos}^{4}\ensuremath{\theta}$, whatever the quantum numbers $n$, $l$, of the initial energy level, and the state of polarization (linear or circular) of the incident radiation. The total transition rates for circularly and for linearly polarized light are quite different from each other. For an arbitrary $\mathrm{nl}$ state, the theoretically allowed maximum value of their ratio is $\frac{3}{2}$. Further analytical and numerical results are presented for hydrogen. The Appendix contains several useful summation formulas for spherical harmonics.
The Impact of Growth Media on Production and Volatile Oil Composition of Ocimum Basilicum L. Cultured in Aquaponic Conditions

The present research aims to reveal valuable information related to basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) volatile oil composition and production performance in aquaponics recirculating systems and to offer solutions for increasing the economic sustainability of this biotechnological process. Aquaponics substrate techniques is used considering 2 grow media - GM: conventional hydroton - HGM and alternative GM, using crushed seashells as by-products - AGM. The results indicate that AGM assures better basil growth performance in terms of weight, shoot height and leaves area surface. The yield of volatile oil from basil biomass indicates superior results for AGM (0.65 mL/100g basil dry weight - DW), compared to HGM (0.55 mL/100g basil DW). The volatile oil (VO) resulting from AGM basil recorded higher percentages of monoterpene (39.96%), aromatic compounds (9.93%) and aliphatic compounds (1.05%), compared to VO resulting from HGM basil (37.80% monoterpene, 8.5% aromatic compounds and 0% aliphatic compounds, respectively). It can be concluded that AGM represents a suitable solution for improving aquaponic basil production biotechnology both in terms of crop productivity and quality revealed by volatile oil composition.
Observation of Ion-Acoustic Shocks in a Dusty Plasma

Linear and nonlinear dust ion-acoustic waves are studied experimentally in a homogeneous unmagnetized dusty plasma. In the linear regime, the phase velocity of the wave increases and the wave suffers heavy damping with increasing dust density. An oscillatory ion-acoustic shock wave in usual Ar plasma transforms into a monotonic shock front when it travels through the dusty plasma column. The Korteweg--de Vries--Burgers equation is numerically integrated taking experimental parameters into account, and the results are compared with the experimental findings.
The cumulus‐capped boundary layer. II: Interface fluxes

This paper considers the relationship between the mean temperature and humidity profiles and the fluxes of heat and moisture at cloud base and the base of the inversion in the cumulus‐capped boundary layer. The relationships derived are based on an approximate form of the scalar‐flux budget and the scaling properties of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget. The scalar‐flux budget gives a relationship between the change in the virtual potential temperature across either the cloud base transition zone or the inversion and the flux at the base of the layer. The scaling properties of the TKE budget lead to a relationship between the heat and moisture fluxes and the mean subsaturation through the liquid‐water flux.
Robust stabilization for non-linear discrete-time systems

This paper deals with the problem of robust stabilization for linear discrete-time systems under non-linear perturbations. Without limitation to single-input systems and restriction on the structures of both the positive definite matrix and the corresponding variable, a new sufficient condition is presented which guarantees the stability of the closed-loop system and at the same time maximizes the bound on the non-linearity. In addition, our main result is extended to discrete time-delay systems. All the conditions are given within the framework of linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the methods is illustrated with three examples.
Performance of cooperative space time coding with spatially correlated fading and imperfect channel estimation

A performance evaluation of CSTC (Cooperative Space Time Coding) with spatially correlated fading and imperfect channel estimation in Gaussian as well as impulsive noise is presented. Closed form expressions for the pairwise error probability conditioned on the estimated channel gains are derived by assuming the components of the received vector are independent given the estimated channel gains. An expurgated union bound using the limiting before averaging technique given the estimated channel gains is then obtained. Although this assumption is not strictly valid, simulation results show that the bound is accurate in estimating the diversity order as long the channel estimation is not very poor. It is found that CSTC with block fading channels can reduce the frame error rate (FER) relative to SUSTC (Single User Space Time Coding) with quasi-static fading channels. even when the channel gains for each user are strongly correlated and when the channel estimations are very poor. A decision metric for CSTC with spatially correlated fading, imperfect channel estimation, and impulsive mixture Gaussian noise is derived which yields lower FERs than the Gaussian noise decision metric. Simulation results show that the FER performance of CSTC with mixture Gaussian noise outperforms CSTC with Gaussian noise at low SNR. At high SNR, the FER performance of CSTC with Gaussian noise is better than the FER performance of CSTC with mixture Gaussian noise due to the heavy tail of the mixture Gaussian noise.
STUDY OF THE OPTICAL ABSORPTION OF Cu CLUSTERS IN THE Cu/ZnO SYSTEM

Optical absorption of Cu/ZnO composite films grown by r.f. sputtering are presented. We calculated the optical absorption spectra based on a colloidal-copper model with mean-free-path (MFP) and size corrections to the bulk dielectric constant. All effective-medium theory is used to analyze the presence of the coated nanoparticles and the ZnO matrix. The parameters of the model are fitted to reproduce the experimental spectra.
Mountain-wave drag in the stratosphere and mesosphere inferred from observed winds and a simple mountain-wave parameterization scheme

Abstract A daily analysis of mountain-wave propagation through observed, global wind, and temperature fields in January and August is presented. Winds and temperatures are obtained from the daily 18-level NMC Climate Analysis Center. Mountain-wave properties are deduced from a simple, gravity wave parameterization scheme in which the effects of topographic anisotropy (ridge orientation) are explicitly included. Planetary waves in the northern winter stratosphere are found to play an important role in modulating the magnitude and distribution of inferred mountain-wave drag in the middle atmosphere. The Aleutian anticyclone is found to effectively block mountain waves generated over western North America from reaching the mesosphere by inducing local mountain-wave-critical levels in the stratosphere. Stratospheric sudden warmings have a similar effect at all longitudes so that during months with sudden warmings have a similar effect at all longitudes so that during months with sudden warmings the average in.
Simple mathematical and computational wear model for ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene total hip replacements

Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene is an important constituent of hip implants. Surgical revisions are required because of implant loosening and osteolysis (destruction or resorption of bone tissue). We develop a mathematical and a computational model to determine implant life (defined as the time when 20% of the implants operating at a given wear rate is revised) based on wear rates and apply them to the data of Sochart (Clin Orthop Relat Res, 363:135–50, 1999). No significant difference was found between mathematical and computational model predictions (14.8 and 14.7 years, respectively) from the actual value of 15.0 ± 3.9 years (X̄ ± 2SE ; P > 0.05). We find that an increase in cross-linking does not decrease implant life greatly. However, a large decrease in implant life occurs with an increase in surface roughness, cycles per year and body weight or a decrease in contact stress and femoral head radius.
Analysis and Design of Prestressed Box Girder Bridge by IRC : 112-2011

Bridge construction today has achieved a worldwide level of importance. Bridges are the key elements in any road network and use of prestress girder type bridges gaining popularity in bridge engineering fraternity because of its better stability, serviceability, economy, aesthetic appearance and structural efficiency. In this thesis analysis and design of prestressed concrete bridges (Deck Slab, T-Girder and Box Girder) are carried out using IRC:112-2011. The unified concrete code (IRC:112) published by the Indian Road Congress in November 2011 combining the code for reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures represents a new generation code, which is significantly different as compared to previous codes (i.e. IRC:21 for RCC structures and IRC:18 for PSC structures). IRC:21 and IRC:18 stands withdrawn, with the publication of IRC:112. The fundamental difference between IRC:112 and old codes is that IRC:112 based on limit state theory while the previous codes were based on working stress design philosophy.
EXACT LOCAL WHITTLE ESTIMATION OF FRACTIONAL INTEGRATION WITH UNKNOWN MEAN AND TIME TREND

Recently, Shimotsu and Phillips (2005, Annals of Statistics 33, 1890–1933) developed a new semiparametric estimator, the exact local Whittle (ELW) estimator, of the memory parameter (d) in fractionally integrated processes. The ELW estimator has been shown to be consistent, and it has the same $N(0,{\textstyle{1 \over 4}})$ asymptotic distribution for all values of d, if the optimization covers an interval of width less than 9/2 and the mean of the process is known. With the intent to provide a semiparametric estimator suitable for economic data, we extend the ELW estimator so that it accommodates an unknown mean and a polynomial time trend. We show that the two-step ELW estimator, which is based on a modified ELW objective function using a tapered local Whittle estimator in the first stage, has an $N(0,{\textstyle{1 \over 4}})$ asymptotic distribution for $d \in (- {\textstyle{1 \over 2}},2)$ (or $d \in (- {\textstyle{1 \over 2}},{\textstyle{7 \over 4}})$ when the data have a polynomial trend). Our simulation study illustrates that the two-step ELW estimator inherits the desirable properties of the ELW estimator.
Short Review of the Use of Brain Morphometry in Gait Impairments Analysis in Parkinson's Disease

With Parkinson's Disease (PD) being a neurodegenerative disease, it is necessary to understand the brain pathophysiology and its influence on the appearance of impairments in patients. One of the main fields influenced by PD patients is locomotion. A shortening of steps, worse execution of dual tasks (walk and talk) or even freezing of gait might appear. With the technique of morphometry, it is possible to detect changes in brain morphology within two sets of patients or detect correlations between brain morphology and an external parameter e.g., gait velocity. By creating this review, we wanted to find out how much this technique is already used to clarify the connections between gait impairment and morphological changes in the brains of PD patients. Additionally, an overview of the findings should be created to illuminate the possibilities for further research.
Development of Green Banana Fruit Wines: Chemical Compositions and In Vitro Antioxidative Activities

This study aimed to develop functional fruit wines using whole fruit, pulp, and peels from green bananas. The boiled banana homogenates were mixed with cane sugar before wine fermentation. Quality parameters, phenolic compounds, flavor components, and antioxidative properties of the green banana peel wine (GBPW), green banana pulp wine (GBMW), and whole banana wine (GBW) were determined. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the phytochemical compounds in three wines, and the flavor components were further analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The flavor components and in vitro antioxidant activities were, respectively, determined using the relative odor activity value and the orthogonal projections on latent structure discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA). In vitro antioxidative capacities for these wines were evaluated using antioxidant chemical assays and cell culture methods. The total phenolic and total tannin content of the GBPW, GBMW, and GBW showed reducing trends with increasing fermentation days, whereas the total flavonoid content of the wine samples exhibited downward trends. The antioxidant capacities of the three wine samples were higher than those of the raw fruit samples, except for the metal chelation rate (%). Additionally, the main flavor component in the wine samples was 3-methyl-1-butanol. Its percentages in the GBPW, GBMW, and GBW were 72.02%, 54.04%, and 76.49%, respectively. The OPLS-DA results indicated that the three wines presented significantly different antioxidant activities. The cell-culture-based antioxidant analysis showed that these wine samples had protective effects against the oxidative stress of the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide. This study provided a theoretical basis for defining the antioxidant characteristics of banana wines and expanding novel channels for using banana peels to develop nutraceuticals.
Effect of arsenic trioxide on human ventricular myocytes: a model study

Arsenic trioxide $(As2\mathrm{O}_{3}$), an antileukemia drug, has been used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) for more than fifty years, and its therapeutic effect has been elucidated at the molecular level. However, several side effects were observed in APL patients administrated with $As2\mathrm{O}_{3}$, such as long QT (LQT) syndrome, torsade de pointes tachycardia, and even sudden cardiac death. This means that the clinically relevant dosage may induce severe cardiotoxicity. Accordingly, it is essential to determine the underlying mechanisms of arrhythmia induced by $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$. Some biological experiments indicated that $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$ can impair the human ether-à-go-gorelated gene (hERG), thus inhibiting rapid delayed rectifier potassium current $(I_{Kr})$ and prolonging action potential duration (APD), which was regarded as the reason for LQT syndrome. However, previous experiments did not illuminate the deep mechanisms of $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$-induced side effects, which is important in clinical treatment. In addition, the experimental data were restricted to animal studies, so human cellular data were lacking. In this study, we investigated $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$-related cardiotoxicity through a human ventricular model study. Based on the current experimental data, the effects of $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$ on ventricular myocytes (VMs) were predicted at various $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$ concentrations. In addition, the potential hazard of $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$ was simulated and illustrated under different stimulation protocols. Moreover, electrocardiograms (ECGs) were estimated in heterogeneous ventricular cables, by which the clinical phenomenon was verified and explained. Based on the present modeling study, deep reasons for arrhythmia caused by $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$ were uncovered. $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$ not only led to a prolonged APD but also alternated action potentials and exacerbated heterogeneity among VMs. Moreover, the degree of arrhythmia risk was susceptible to $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$ dosage. These new findings may provide targets for attenuating $\mathrm{As}2\mathrm{O}_{3}$ toxicity and may help to improve the APL therapeutic regimen.
Comparison of Satellite Precipitation Products with Rain Gauge Data for the Khumb Region, Nepal Himalayas

Rain gauge data for the period of 1998–2004 from the Syangboche Automated Weather Station (S-AWS) site in the Nepal Himalayas were compared with multi-satellite precipitation products for the period of 2003–2005, employing several retrieval algorithms: the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing algorithm (CMORPH), the Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using an artificial neural network (PERSIANN), and the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP). All the products, except GSMaP, showed an increase in precipitation during the summer monsoon, in agreement with S-AWS. However, PERSIANN showed large differences with the observed values in winter and CMORPH had a tendency to overestimate precipitation in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons relative to S-AWS/TMPA. Summer monsoon precipitation showed an increase in the evening and mid-night in all products except GSMaP, but the local-time peak in PERSIANN lagged compared to that of S-AWS by several hours, and the peak in other products was ahead of that in S-AWS by several hours. All products except for PERSIANN showed an increase in precipitation during the morning. The differences among the products may reflect microwave signatures from convection, the sun-synchronous satellite orbit, and infrared-merging processes. A verification of rain detection by GSMaP revealed good scores over global land areas except for the Tibetan Plateau (including the present study area) due to insufficient resolution for rain/no-rain classification. The peak local-time distribution of precipitation showed a relationship with the topography in the order of precipitation radar (strongest relationship), microwave radiometer, and infrared products.
Highly temperature insensitive quantum cascade lasers

An InP based quantum cascade laser (QCL) heterostructure emitting around 5 μm is grown with gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. The QCL core design takes a shallow-well approach to maximize the characteristic temperatures, T0 and T1, for operations above room temperature. A T0 value of 383 K and a T1 value of 645 K are obtained within a temperature range of 298–373 K. In room temperature continuous wave operation, this design gives a single facet output power of 3 W and a wall plug efficiency of 16% from a device with a cavity length of 5 mm and a ridge width of 8 μm.
On the vertical transport due to fingers in double diffusive convection

Salt fingering across a density interface produced by sugar and salt is investigated experimentally for varying values of initial concentrations and for times sufficiently long to observe the régimes of growth, equilibrium and final decay. Simultaneous measurements of sugar and salt concentrations and interface geometry are made. Calculations based on Stern's collective instability model allow explicit evaluation of the coefficients of the $\frac{4}{3}$-law for the sugar flux in the form suggested by Stern & Turner (1969) for the equilibrium régime. The results are verified by the experimental data. Predictions of the finger wavelengths from this model are in general agreement with the results of previous authors, while the flux-law coefficient is an order of magnitude smaller. It is concluded that the collective instability mechanism is an adequate physical description of the salt-finger mechanism.
An experimental study of Reynolds stress and heat flux in the atmospheric surface layer

The paper describes an experimental programme to study the characteristics of momentum and heat transport in the first 22-6 m of the atmosphere. Sonic anemometers and fine platinum wire thermometers were used for flux computations by the eddy correlation technique. Two drag plates were used to measure the surface stress. The results indicate that the fluxes are constant with height to within ± 20 per cent provided a long enough averaging period is chosen. Shorter averaging periods (15 min or less) show considerable variation in the fluxes and in their vertical gradients especially during unstable conditions. It appears that much of this variability can be attributed to the strong effect on the fluxes of submesoscale circulations. The momentum flux gradient seems to be particularly sensitive to these circulations. The most consistent estimates of u* were obtained from the drag plates. They show much less scatter when used in similarity relationships than estimates obtained from the eddy correlation technique at higher levels. However, because of inherent difficulties in installing the drag plates in such a rough surface, their absolute reading was obtained by calibration against the eddy correlation measurement. The correlation γUW, between the longitudinal and vertical components of the wind, is generally much smaller than γWT, the correlation between the vertical component and temperature. With increasing instability γWT increases to a value of about 0-6 while γUW drops to negligible levels.
Kinetic effects in the acceleration of auroral electrons in small scale Alfven waves: A FAST case study

In this report we examine the importance of ion and electron kinetic effects in the acceleration of electrons in small scale Alfven waves above the auroral oval. We implement a 1‐D two‐fluid MHD code approximating the effects of electron inertia and ion and electron temperatures to evaluate their role in accounting for the observed energies of field‐aligned electron bursts found in coincidence with these waves above the auroral oval. FAST spacecraft data for a case study event characterized by large auroral ion energies and a hot plasma sheet is employed to define the plasma through which the wave propagates. It is found that strong kinetic effects at altitudes below 5 Earth radii may significantly reduce the amount of electron acceleration possible in the wave in terms of both energy and flux.