Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors that Influence Farm Safety Decisions of Young Adults when Entering Agricultural Grain Bins.

HIGHLIGHTS A grain handling scenario-based survey was administered to college students studying agriculture. Participants chose an action after reading each scenario and ranked factors affecting their decision-making. Most participants chose a "safe" option and claimed to value their personal safety when making decisions. Parental authority and pressure had little influence on participants' decisions to enter grain bins. ABSTRACT. The approaches that parents take in the supervision of youth who perform hazardous tasks on family farms can affect youth safety outcomes. This research examines the most significant factors affecting youths' decisions to enter agricultural grain storage facilities. Over 200 students attending a Midwestern land-grant university who had grain bin experience as youth completed a decision-making survey. Students chose from a list of actions in three realistic but hypothetical scenarios involving grain bin entry. Afterward, they ranked factors according to the level of importance in their decision. Although most participants chose options that emphasized safety when answering the scenario questions and held the "personal safety" factor in highest regard, some chose higher-risk options and valued "productivity. " The findings revealed that youth held little value in their parents' authority and pressure when making decisions related to grain bin entry. The study's limitations are addressed, as are the implications of these findings for youth safety outcomes on family farms.
Routine Data Analyses for Estimating the Caries Treatment Experience of Children

Oral health surveys are considered the gold standard for assessing the caries experience of children. Analyses of routine data offer additional opportunities not yet fully explored. This study aimed at estimating the caries treatment experience by mining an insurance claims database. Comprehensive claims data sets were extracted from the data warehouse of a major health insurance company (BARMER, Germany). A surrogate variable for caries experience was formed that reflected the proportion of children without any former potentially caries-related treatment (filling, root canal treatment, and extraction) at ages from 1 to 14 years. The statistical calculations were based on Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. The evaluation for the permanent dentition comprised N = 593,330 children at 6 years and N = 114,568 at 12 years. At 12 years of age, 66.8% had not yet experienced potentially caries-related treatments. This value hints at a significantly higher caries experience at 12 years compared to available epidemiological data. For the deciduous dentition, the respective rates were 74.0% at 6 years and 45.8% at 10 years. Although various sources of bias have to be taken into account, the potential of routine data mining is evident. The approach is supplemental to oral health surveys. It can be useful in coming closer to reality when estimating the caries experience of children. From our results, we conclude that the oral health of up to 14-year-olds in Germany remains in urgent need of improvement.
Host cell protein detection gap risk mitigation: quantitative IAC-MS for ELISA antibody reagent coverage determination

ABSTRACT Host cell proteins (HCPs) must be sufficiently cleared from recombinant biopharmaceuticals during the downstream process (DSP) to ensure product quality, purity, and patient safety. For monitoring of HCP clearance, the typical method chosen is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal anti-HCP antibodies obtained from an immunization campaign. This polyclonal reagent is a critical factor for functionality and confidence of the ELISA. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the pool of ELISA antibodies covers a broad spectrum of the HCPs that potentially could persist in the final drug substance. Typically, coverage is determined by gel-based approaches. Here, we present a quantitative proteomics approach combined with purification of HCPs by immunoaffinity chromatography (qIAC-MS) for assessment of ELISA coverage. The cell culture fluid (CCF) of a mock fermentation and a recombinant monoclonal antibody product were characterized in detail to investigate whether the HCPs used for immunization of animals accurately represent HCPs that are relevant to the process. Using the qIAC-MS approach, the ELISA antibody coverage was determined for mock fermentation and product CCF, as well as several different DSP intermediates. Here, the use of different controls facilitated the identification and quantification of HCPs present in the polyclonal reagent and those that nonspecifically bound to IAC material. This study successfully demonstrates that the described qIAC-MS approach is not only a suitable orthogonal method to commonly used 2D SDS-PAGE-based analysis for evaluating ELISA antibody coverage, but that it further identifies HCPs covered as well as missed by the ELISA, enabling an improved risk assessment of HCP ELISA.
Naturalistically observed interpersonal problems and diabetes management in older adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes

Abstract Objective This study investigated the links between naturalistically observed and self-reported interpersonal problems, diabetes management, and glucose levels in older adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Design Sixty-eight older adolescents and young adults (aged 17–20 years) participated in a cross-sectional study that consisted of three home visits and a daily diary segment. Main Outcome Measures Participants wore the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) for four days to capture interpersonal problems and wore a continuous glucose monitor for blood glucose levels. Researchers also collected HbA1c values, conducted an interview to assess diabetes management, and collected participant-reported severity of interpersonal problems. Results High EAR-observed interpersonal problems were associated with poor diabetes management. Multiple regression analyses revealed that high EAR-observed interpersonal problems continued to explain variance in poor diabetes management after including self-reported interpersonal problems and covariates. Conclusion These findings corroborate literature suggesting that negative interactions are associated with type 1 diabetes management. This study is the first to use the EAR to capture naturalistically observed interactions in this population and identify its utility beyond self-reports. These findings highlight the importance of considering naturalistically observed interactions when developing interventions to promote better diabetes management in older adolescents and young adults.
A Novel Fixed-Time Converging Neurodynamic Approach to Mixed Variational Inequalities and Applications

This article proposes a novel fixed-time converging forward-backward-forward neurodynamic network (FXFNN) to deal with mixed variational inequalities (MVIs). A distinctive feature of the FXFNN is its fast and fixed-time convergence, in contrast to conventional forward-backward-forward neurodynamic network and projected neurodynamic network. It is shown that the solution of the proposed FXFNN exists uniquely and converges to the unique solution of the corresponding MVIs in fixed time under some mild conditions. It is also shown that the fixed-time convergence result obtained for the FXFNN is independent of initial conditions, unlike most of the existing asymptotical and exponential convergence results. Furthermore, the proposed FXFNN is applied in solving sparse recovery problems, variational inequalities, nonlinear complementarity problems, and min–max problems. Finally, numerical and experimental examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed neurodynamic network.
Impact of pre-treatment C-reactive protein level and skeletal muscle mass on outcomes after stereotactic body radiotherapy for T1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer: a supplementary analysis of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group study JCOG0403

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pretreatment C-reactive protein (CRP) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) on outcomes after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for T1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a supplementary analysis of JCOG0403. Patients were divided into high and low CRP groups with a threshold value of 0.3 mg/dL. The paraspinous musculature area at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra was measured on simulation computed tomography (CT). When the area was lower than the sex-specific median, the patient was classified into the low SMM group. Toxicities, overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of cause-specific death were compared between the groups. Sixty operable and 92 inoperable patients were included. In the operable cohort, OS significantly differed between the CRP groups (log-rank test p = 0.009; 58.8% and 83.6% at three years for high and low CRP, respectively). This difference in OS was mainly attributed to the difference in lung cancer deaths (Gray’s test p = 0.070; 29.4% and 7.1% at three years, respectively). No impact of SMM on OS was observed. The incidence of Grade 3–4 toxicities tended to be higher in the low SMM group (16.7% vs 0%, Fisher’s exact test p = 0.052). In the inoperable cohort, no significant impact on OS was observed for either CRP or SMM. The toxicity incidence was also not different between the CRP and SMM groups. The present study suggests that pretreatment CRP level may provide prognostic information in operable patients receiving SBRT for early-stage NSCLC.
Percutaneous Transthoracic Lung Biopsy: Optimizing Yield and Mitigating Risk

Abstract Percutaneous computed tomography–guided transthoracic lung biopsy is an effective and minimally invasive procedure to achieve tissue diagnosis. Radiologists are key in appropriate referral for further workup, with percutaneous computed tomography–guided transthoracic lung biopsy performed by both thoracic and general interventionalists. Percutaneous computed tomography–guided transthoracic lung biopsy is increasingly performed for both diagnostic and research purposes, including molecular analysis. Multiple patient, lesion, and technique-related variables influence diagnostic accuracy and complication rates. A comprehensive understanding of these factors aids in procedure planning and may serve to maximize diagnostic yield while minimizing complications, even in the most challenging scenarios.
Validation of the Patient Generated Index for people with severe mental illness.

OBJECTIVE The Patient Generated Index (PGI) is a personalized quality of life (QOL) measure. This secondary analysis examined its psychometric properties with people with severe mental illness. METHODS Three hundred and eleven people with severe mental illness participated in structured interviews at baseline, 9 months, and 18 months. RESULTS The PGI captured a range of self-defined life areas. PGI scores were correlated with measures of QOL, hope, and functioning, indicating concurrent (criterion) validity. The correlation with QOL, with the finding that PGI scores were significantly higher for people who were employed (n = 42) versus unemployed (n = 269) and for people without substance use disorder (n = 269) versus those with substance use disorder (n = 42), is indicative of construct validity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The results support the suitability of the PGI as an idiographic measure for monitoring personalized QOL of people with severe mental illness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
On the Development of Optical Properties during Thermal Coarsening of Gold Nanoparticle Composites

The changes in optical properties that occur as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are thermally converted to a continuous thin film were studied with the purpose of determining the roles of particle coarsening and temperature. In situ reflectance spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to provide complementary information on the changes in particle size and shape. The AuNPs studied were stabilized with 1-butanethiol, 1-octanethiol, oleylamine (OA), or 4-(pyren-1-yl)butane-1-thiol (PyBuSH). Initially, the films were dark brown or purple because of the plasmon resonance of the AuNPs. As the temperature was increased, the AuNPs started to coalesce and percolate, thereby changing the color of the films to that of bulk gold. Films of AuNPs stabilized with alkanethiols sintered very rapidly, measured as a rapid change in the reflectance spectrum. In contrast, films of AuNPs stabilized with OA or PyBuSH sintered more gradually and at a higher temperature. This permitted t.
A Variable Selection Algorithm for Creating Replicable Factor Structures

Abstract Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are commonly employed to identify and explore underlying factor structures. Unfortunately, when variable selection is involved, results often fluctuate across studies making it difficult to determine the “best” and most replicable factor structure. This study proposes a new factor analysis variable selection algorithm called the Replicable Factor Analytic Solutions (RFAS) that incorporates sound statistical and psychometric practices when selecting the final factor structure, while simultaneously examining the observed variables and factor structures replicability. This article outlines the algorithm development and rationale for each decision in the algorithm’s development. An example using simulated and empirical data is also provided to display the algorithm results and delineate the utility of these results for future analysts.
Long‐term risk of cancer development among anti‐Th/To antibody–positive systemic sclerosis patients: comment on the article by Mecoli et al

We read the report by Mecoli et al on the relationship between cancer and anti-Th/To antibodies (AThAs) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) (1). It is interesting that the presence of AThAs was reported to confer a protective effect against cancer development in those patients. However, cancer development in AThA-positive patients was significantly suppressed only within the first 3 years after SSc onset, and there was no significant difference in the number of deceased between the AThA-positive and AThA-negative patients.
The Allure of Scapegoating Return Migrants during a Pandemic

ABSTRACT The stigmatization of Senegalese return migrants as COVID-19 vectors by fellow Senegalese during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic troubles the self/other distinction that underpins the scholarly focus on epidemics and xenophobia and encourages the broader task of exploring epidemics and phobia. The casting of return migrants as COVID-19 vectors was influenced by longstanding ambivalence toward these migrants that had encouraged some Senegalese to seek to “confine” them to Europe long before the pandemic. Old preoccupations help us understand how Senegalese interpreted and deployed COVID-19 control and prevention measures like “confinement,” lockdowns, and border closures.
The bizarreness effect and visual imagery: No impact of concurrent visuo-spatial distractor tasks indicates little role for visual imagery.

Ancient as well as modern writers have promoted the idea that bizarre images enhance memory. Research has documented bizarreness effects, with one standard technique finding that sentences describing unusual, implausible, or bizarre scenarios are better remembered than sentences describing plausible, every day, or common scenarios. Not surprisingly, this effect is often attributed to visual imagery, and the effect often referred to as the bizarre imagery effect. But the role of imagery has been disputed even as research has found it difficult to clearly distinguish the effects of imagery from other possible bases for the bizarreness advantage. The current experiments assessed the visual-imagery hypothesis by disrupting visual imagery processes during encoding, which should reduce the bizarreness effect if it is indeed due to imagery. Specifically, one group carried out a concurrent task that selectively disrupted visual working memory (and visual imagery) during the encoding of sentences; a control group encoded the sentences without distraction. Across four experiments, the distractor task was dynamic visual noise, the spatial tapping task, and a visual span task. Each experiment found a robust bizarreness effect that was never reduced by visuospatial distraction. Combined, meta-analytic, and Bayesian analyses concurred with the results of the individual experiments. The results indicate little role for visual imagery in the bizarreness effect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19

Abstract Background Thrombosis and inflammation may contribute to morbidity and mortality among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). We hypothesized that therapeutic-dose anticoagulation would improve outcomes in critically ill patients with Covid-19. Methods In an open-label, adaptive, multiplatform, randomized clinical trial, critically ill patients with severe Covid-19 were randomly assigned to a pragmatically defined regimen of either therapeutic-dose anticoagulation with heparin or pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in accordance with local usual care. The primary outcome was organ support–free days, evaluated on an ordinal scale that combined in-hospital death (assigned a value of −1) and the number of days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support up to day 21 among patients who survived to hospital discharge. Results The trial was stopped when the prespecified criterion for futility was met for therapeutic-dose anticoagulation. Data on the primary outcome were available for 1098 patients (534 assigned to therapeutic-dose anticoagulation and 564 assigned to usual-care thromboprophylaxis). The median value for organ support–free days was 1 (interquartile range, −1 to 16) among the patients assigned to therapeutic-dose anticoagulation and was 4 (interquartile range, −1 to 16) among the patients assigned to usual-care thromboprophylaxis (adjusted proportional odds ratio, 0.83; 95% credible interval, 0.67 to 1.03; posterior probability of futility [defined as an odds ratio <1.2], 99.9%). The percentage of patients who survived to hospital discharge was similar in the two groups (62.7% and 64.5%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 0.84; 95% credible interval, 0.64 to 1.11). Major bleeding occurred in 3.8% of the patients assigned to therapeutic-dose anticoagulation and in 2.3% of those assigned to usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Conclusions In critically ill patients with Covid-19, an initial strategy of therapeutic-dose anticoagulation with heparin did not result in a greater probability of survival to hospital discharge or a greater number of days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support than did usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. (REMAP-CAP, ACTIV-4a, and ATTACC ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02735707, NCT04505774, NCT04359277, and NCT04372589.)
Differences in Placental Histology Between Zika Virus–infected Teenagers and Older Women

In pregnant women, Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with a congenital syndrome, most frequently involving damage to embryo brain formation and the development of microcephaly. The mechanism(s) by which ZIKV enters the maternal-fetal interface and is transmitted to the fetus remains incompletely determined. We sought to evaluate histologic changes in the placenta of ZIKV-infected pregnant women and to determine if this varied by maternal age. Placental samples were obtained from 66 women, 33 of whom were positive for ZIKV. Histologic evaluations were performed on 4 areas of the placenta: fetal surface, maternal surface, umbilical cord, and membranes. Samples were analyzed by the tissue microarray technique and tested for CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, FOXP3, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Data were evaluated using Fisher exact test. ZIKV infection was more frequent in women less than 18 yr of age (9/11, 81.8%) than in women above 18 yr old (24/55, 43.6%) (P=0.0440). ZIKV detection was associated with neutrophilic chorioamnionitis (P=0.0332) and with septal (P=0.0244) and villous (P=0.0534) calcification. Hofbauer cell hyperplasia (P=0.0260) and cyclooxygenase-2 expression (P=0.0346) were more prevalent in ZIKV-positive women aged 18 yr and below than in the older ZIKV-positive women. ZIKV infection during pregnancy occurs more frequently in adolescents and induces higher rates of damage at the maternal-fetal interface than in older women.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of High‐Volume Subcutaneous Crenezumab, With and Without Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase in Healthy Volunteers

Compared with intravenous formulations, subcutaneous (s.c.) formulations of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies may provide increased patient access and more convenient administration options, although historically high‐volume s.c. administration (> 10–15 mL) has been challenging. We report results from two phase I studies in healthy participants (GP29523 and GP40201) that evaluated s.c. crenezumab, an anti‐Aβ monoclonal antibody in development for individuals at risk for autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer’s disease. GP29523 assessed safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) in 68 participants (aged 50–80 years) who received single ascending doses (600–7,200 mg) of crenezumab or placebo (4–40 mL). GP40201 assessed safety, tolerability, and PK in 72 participants (aged 18–80 years) who received different combinations of dose (1,700–6,800 mg), infusion volume (10–40 mL), and flow rate (2–4 mL/minute), with/without recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20). There were no serious or dose‐limiting adverse events in either study. There were no meaningful differences in pain scores among reference placebo (4 mL), test placebo (4–40 mL), or crenezumab (600–7,200 mg) in GP29523, or across treatments with varying infusion volume, flow rate, dose, or rHuPH20 co‐administration or concentration in GP40201. Transient erythema was the most common infusion site reaction in both studies. In GP40201 at volumes of ≥ 20 mL, rHuPH20 co‐administration appeared to reduce infusion site swelling incidence, but, in some cases, was associated with larger areas of infusion site erythema. Crenezumab exhibited approximately dose‐proportional PK, and s.c. bioavailability was 66% and independent of dose or rHuPH20 co‐administration. High‐dose, high‐concentration, high‐volume s.c. crenezumab formulated with/without rHuPH20 was well‐tolerated in healthy participants, with an acceptable safety profile.