Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with response to highly active antiretroviral therapy after 24 months of administration to HIV, HIV/HBV and HCV patients in Kumba Health District, South West Region of Cameroon

Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are two other forms of infections for which co-infection in HIV has been associated with alteration of the immune response, increased risk of progression to liver diseases, and increased risk of hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (HCVAb) among HIV patients, evaluate response to treatment between the different categories and identify the possible risk factors associated with this burden of hepatitis B/C among HIV patients and the resulting responses to HAART in Kumba Health, in the South West Region of Cameroon. Method: We performed a systematic screening using Rapid Diagnostic Test, for HBsAg and HCVAb among 299 HIV patients enrolled at the treatment centers in Kumba Health District (District hospital Kumba, Kumba Town Sub-Divisional hospital, and the Apostolic hospital Banga Bakundu), with all positives for HBV or HCV confirmed by the ELISA and results analyzed using SPSS version 20. Out of the 299 participants, 52 HIV patients, 36 HIV/HBV, and 12 HIV/HCV patients were involved in the prospective cohort study for 24 months which permitted monitored the immune response (CD4 counts and viral load test), as well as variation of biochemical parameters (ALAT/ASAT, albumin, bilirubine, creatinine) and weights of the studied participants. Result: Out of the 100 HIV patients involved in the prospective cohort, 36 and 12 were hepatitis B and C virus-positive respectively. Following the analysis of the viral load and CD4 cell counts, there were differences in response to HAART after 24 months between the mono-infected and co-infected patients, taking into consideration the, CD4 cell counts (HIV: 930.846 cells/mm3, HIV/HBV: 595.139 cells/mm3 and HIV/HCV: 678.500cells/mm3), and viral load (HIV: 1777.85copies/ml, HIV/HBV: 2232.61copies/ml and HIV/HCV: 750.83copies/ml). There were variations in biomarkers of the liver (ALAT/ASAT, bilirubin, and albumine) and renal function (creatinine) for both patients. There were also variations of the different biomarkers linked to the infection status of the different participants. Conclusion: There were positive variations in viral load and CD4 cell counts among the studied participants, with a more rapid response to the mono-infected HIV patients compared to the co-infected patients. Similar strength was observed in the variation of the different biomarkers and such variation indicates that co-infection of HIV patients with either hepatitis B or C virus can affect rapid response to HAART and the variations in the level of Biochemical markers among the different categories are linked to the alteration of the functions of the respective organs and so this result could be used for health decisions regarding co-infections.
“I have Loans”: A Communicative Study of Teachers Living with Loans

The study looks at the life of teachers at the public school living with loans through the Phenomenological Tradition of Communication that conceives communication as a dialogue or experience of otherness. The study, a phenomenological approach, sought to answer the overarching question: how is the life of teachers who have loans? Specifically, it sought to answer (1) what are their reasons for resorting to loan? ; and (2) what are their coping mechanisms to provide their daily needs? The study assumed that teacher's motives and actions towards loans could only understand through their experience. The study designed qualitatively wherein teachers from public a public elementary school at the Schools Division of Puerto Princesa City, Philippines were intentionally chosen (non-probability) and interviewed based on their common experience. Four public elementary teachers with loans and take-home pay of four thousand pesos participated in the study. A semi-structured interview was done and recorded with their permission. The data were transcribed and analyzed by coding and constructing themes. Teachers have loans because of their (1) perceived personal needs such as (a) expenses for their wedding; (2) and perceived family needs such as (a) expenses for baby's needs, (b) tuition of family members, (3) housing for the family, (5) and to pay the debt of the family. Their perceived needs direct them to resort to loans, which led them to have a take-home pay of four thousand pesos, wherein for them, it is not enough to sustain their daily needs. Thus, it urges them to have various coping mechanisms to maintain their everyday living that include (1) re-loan and "bunggo," (2) seeking financial help from other members of the family, (3) and becoming a wise spender. It further revealed that to sustain the authentic relationship between teacher (self) and loan (other) both must have a continuous perceived needs and benefits. The study recommended some recommendations wherein teachers and school heads may consider.
WHAT IS THE NUMERICALLY CONVERGED AMPLITUDE OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS TURBULENCE IN STRATIFIED SHEARING BOXES?

We study the properties of the turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability in a stratified shearing box with outflow boundary conditions and an equation of state determined by self-consistent dissipation and radiation losses. A series of simulations with increasing resolution are performed within a fixed computational box. We achieve numerical convergence with respect to radial and azimuthal resolution. As vertical resolution is improved, the ratio of stress to pressure increases slowly, but the absolute levels of both the stress and the pressure increase noticeably. These results are in contrast with those of previous work on unstratified shearing boxes, in which improved resolution caused a diminution in the magnetic field strength. We argue that the persistence of strong magnetic field at higher resolution found in the stratified case is due to buoyancy. In addition, we find that the time-averaged vertical correlation length of the magnetic field near the disk midplane is ≃3 times larger than that found in previous unstratified simulations, decreasing slowly with improved vertical resolution. We further show that the undulatory Parker instability drives the magnetic field upwelling at several scale heights from the midplane that is characteristic of stratified magnetohydrodynamics-turbulent disks.
Handwashing with Soap Counseling (CTPS) on Children's Knowledge and Attitudes in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Knowledge about handwashing is important as an effort to prevent Covid-19 in children. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of handwashing with soap (CTPS) counseling on children's knowledge and attitudes in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was designed as a quasi-experimental approach with a pre-test,post test group design approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The sample for the study consisted of children aged 12 to 14 years, for a total of 30 people.The instrument used was a questionnaire with a meter using the Guttman scale. The data were analyzed using a statistical test (Wilcoxon test). The results of this study showed that based on the statistical test results of the ranking test signed by Wilcoxon, a p-value = 0,000 was obtained, which means that the p value is less than 0,05. There was an effect of counseling on handwashing with soap (CTPS) on the knowledge and attitudes of MTS class VII students. Based on the discussion, it can be concluded that there was an effect of hand washing counseling on the hand washing attitude and knowledge. Therefore, students should apply hand washing with soap (CTPS) in preventing the transmission of Covid-19.
The slow server problem: a queue with stalling

A queue with Poisson arrivals and two different exponential servers is considered. It is assumed that customers are allowed to stall, i.e., to wait for a busy fast server at times when the slow server is free. A stochastic analysis of the queue is given, steady-state probabilities are computed, and policies for overall optimization are characterized and computed. The issue of individual customer's optimization versus overall optimization is also discussed.
Body composition assessment in patients with spinal cord injury by bioimpedance

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury develop alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, chronic inflammation, abnormal control of glycemia, as well as loss of lean mass, and increased adiposity, these being some risk factors for the development of diseases and decreased quality of life. This research aimed to investigate the body composition during a treatment protocol with NMES in a spinal cord injured population. Methods: An initial bioimpedance evaluation using Biodynamics 310e was performed on 19 spinal cord injury patients. During the following 4 months, they received neuromuscular stimulation. The individuals ended the clinic once a week and performed NMES for 45 min, 20 min on quadriceps, and 15 min on peroneal nerve, on both legs with a frequency in the range of 18 to 25 Hz. A new bioimpedance test was performed after this period. Results: For data analysis, a 5% significance level was considered. There were statistically significant gains in lean mass with p= 0.0001 and a decrease in bio-strength with p= 0.0457. There was a loss of body fat, but not significant. Conclusion: Individuals with spinal cord injury showed measurable body composition changes during a four-month neuromuscular electrical stimulation treatment.
Happiness, Hope, and Adherence to Treatment Regimen Among Iranian Older Adults with Chronic Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality have been found to be directly associated with age, chronic diseases, and immune system deficiency. Therefore, older adults suffering from chronic diseases are at a higher risk of the serious complications of COVID-19 and receive less social support, compared to younger age groups, which usually results from complicated treatment regimens. Moreover, the increase in age is accompanied by changes in the quality of psychological well-being. Considering this group’s higher vulnerability, it is essential to identify the factors related to their psychological well-being, such as happiness and hope. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationships between happiness and hope with adherence to the treatment regimen among older adults with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 216 older adults over 55 years of age who suffered from chronic diseases in comprehensive centers for the elderly. The data were collected using validated instruments, such as the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and Herth Hope Index. Then, the data were entered into SPSS software (version 24) and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, dispersion indices, and regression. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 70.64 ± 10.56 years. The mean scores of adherence to treatment, hope, and happiness were 65.72 ± 7.1, 73.91 ± 29.3, and 47.74 ± 34.10, respectively. Based on the results, good adherence to treatment was observed in 128 (59.3%) participants. The results revealed no significant relationship between the mean scores of hope and adherence to the treatment regimen (b = 0.037, P = 0.222). However, a significant relationship was observed between the mean scores of happiness and adherence to the treatment regimen (b = 0.036, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Interventions aiming at increasing such patients’ happiness levels might be effective in their health-related behaviors, including adherence to treatment regimens, improvement of the disease process, and enhancement of quality of life.
Study of Short Bunches at the Free Electron Laser CLIO

CLIO is a Free Electron Laser based on a thermionic electron gun. In its normal operating mode it delivers electron 8 pulses but studies are ongoing to shorten the pulses to about 1 ps. We report on simulations showing how the pulse can be shortened and the expected signal yield from several bunch length diagnostics (Coherent Transition Radiation, Coherent Smith Purcell Radiation).
Discovery of an optical counterpart to the hyperluminous X-ray source in ESO 243-49

The existence of black holes of masses � 10 2 -10 5 Mhas important implications for the formation and evolution of star clusters and supermassive black holes. One of the strongest candidates to date is the hyperluminous X-ray source HLX1, possibly located in the S0-a galaxy ESO243-49, but the lack of an identifiable optical counterpart had hampered its interpretation. Using the Magellan telescope, we have discovered an unresolved optical source with R = 23:80 ± 0:25 mag and V = 24:5 ± 0:3 mag within HLX1's positional error circle. This implies an average X-ray/optical flux ratio � 500. Taking the same distance as ESO243-49, we obtain an intrinsic brightness MR = 11:0±0:3 mag, comparable to that of a massive globular cluster. Alternatively, the optical source is consistent with a main-sequence M star in the Galactic halo (for example an M4.4 star at � 2:5 kpc). We also examined the properties of ESO243-49 by combining Swift/UVOT observations with stellar population modelling. We found that the overall emission is dominated by a � 5 Gyr old stellar population, but the UV emission at � 2000 u is mostly due to ongoing star-formation at a rate of � 0:03M� yr −1 . The UV emission is more intense (at least a 9� enhancement above the mean) North East of the nucleus, in the same quadrant as HLX1. With the combined optical and X-ray measurements, we put constraints on the nature of HLX1. We rule out a foreground star and a background AGN. Two alternative scenarios are still viable. HLX1 could be an accreting intermediate mass black hole in a star cluster, which may itself be the stripped nucleus of a dwarf galaxy that passed through ESO243-49, an event which might have caused the current episode of star formation. Or, it could be a neutron star in the Galactic halo, accreting from an M4-M5 donor star.
DETERMINANTS OF AUDIT QUALITY: THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND AUDIT COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES

This study examines the effect of ownership structure and audit committee activities on audit quality in Indonesian listed companies. The ownership structures studied consisted of managerial, institutional, government, foreign, and family ownership. The population of our study consists of 506 listed companies in Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2020 with 317 total samples. Audit quality is proxied by the earnings surprise benchmark. Ownership structure is measured using the percentage of ownership. Audit committee activity is measured using the number of meetings held. Research data is analyzed with logistic regression analysis using SPSS statistic program. Our findings suggest that managerial, institutional, foreign, and family ownership as well as audit committee activities significantly affect audit quality while government ownership does not have significant effect. The findings of this research are designed to give information and feedback on the company's shareholders, assist the organization in delegating audit committee responsibilities, and provide readers with extra knowledge.
Effect of Drinking Magnetized Water on Offensive Odour from Poultry Droppings of Broiler Chicken

The study was conducted to assess the effect of drinking magnetized water (MW) on the offensive odour by the poultry droppings from the broiler chicken (BC). Poultry droppings in poultry farm normally give offensive odour around the area where poultry farm is sited. Drinking MW could improve the digestibility of feed and dryness of the poultry droppings thereby reducing the ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and offensive odour. BCs (Arbor Acres breed) were given MW. The magnetic water treatment unit comprises a 20 by 60 mm rectangular plastic pipe and 960 mm long surrounded with 12 pieces of a 10 × 25 × 50 mm neodymium magnet rated 1.5T. The treatments were MW treated for 33 s (MW1), MW treated for 66 s (MW2), MW3 was treated for 99 s and the control (non-magnetized water, NMW). A total of 80 BCs (day old) with 20 for each treatment were given MW1, MW2, MW3 or NMW and monitored for 7 weeks. Samples of poultry droppings were randomly collected at 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks. NH3 and H2S were analyzed using standard methods. The mean concentration of NH3 for MW1 varied from 13.10 × 10-3 to 49.85 × 10-3, MW2 varied from 12.50 × 10-3 to 42.64 × 10-3, MW3 varied from 12.43 × 10-3 to 41.32 × 10-3 while the corresponding values for NMW varied from 20.30 × 10-3 to 65.13 × 10-3 mg/L. MW1, MW2 and MW3 reduced the odour by 30.65–55.73%, 52.74–62.40% and 33.42–63.31%, respectively. The effect of drinking MW was significant on the reduction of NH3 at α ≤ 0.025. MW also reduced the concentration of H2S in the poultry droppings. MW is recommended for producing broiler chicken to reduce offensive odour from the poultry farms.
Background estimation in a wide-field background-limited instrument such as Fermi GBM

The supporting instrument on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) is a wide-field gamma-ray monitor composed of 14 individual scintillation detectors, with a field of view which encompasses the entire unocculted sky. Primarily designed as transient monitors, the conventional method for background determination with GBM-like instruments is to time interpolate intervals before and after the source as a polynomial. This is generally sufficient for sharp impulsive phenomena such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) which are characterised by impulsive peaks with sharp rises, often highly structured, and easily distinguishable against instrumental backgrounds. However, smoother long lived emission, such as observed in solar flares and some GRBs, would be difficult to detect in a background-limited instrument using this method. We present here a description of a technique which uses the rates from adjacent days when the satellite has approximately the same geographical footprint to distinguish low-level emission from the instrumental background. We present results from the application of this technique to GBM data and discuss the implementation of it in a generalised background limited detector in a non-equatorial orbit.
An analysis of the transit times of CoRoT-1b

The CoRoT satellite is expected to discover tens of new transiting exoplanets during its mission. For each of these planets there will be a resulting long, continuous sequence of transit times that can be used to search for perturbations arising from an additional planet in the system. I report the results from a study of the transit times for CoRoT-1b, which was one of the first planets discovered by CoRoT. Analysis of the pipeline-reduced CoRoT light curve yields a new determination of the physical and orbital parameters of planet and star, along with 35 individual transit times at a typical precision of 36 s. I estimate a planet-to-star radius ratio of R p/ R ★ = 0.1433 ± 0.0010, a ratio of the planet's orbital semimajor axis to the host star radius of a/R ★ = 4.751 ± 0.045, and an orbital inclination for the planet of i = 83.88° ± 0.29°. The observed transit times are consistent with CoRoT-1b having a constant period and there is no evidence of an additional planet in the system. I use the observed constancy of the transit times to set limits on the mass of a hypothetical additional planet in a nearby, stable orbit. I ascertain that the most stringent limits (4 M ⊕ at 3σ confidence) can be placed on planets residing in a 1:2 mean motion resonance with the transiting planet. In contrast, the data yield less stringent limits on planets near a 1:3 mean motion resonance (5 M Jup at 3σ confidence) than in the surrounding parameter space. In addition, I use a simulation to investigate what sensitivity to additional planets could be obtained from the analysis of data measured for a similar system during a CoRoT long run (100 sequential transit times). I find that for such a scenario, planets with masses greater than twice that of Mars (0.2 M ⊕ ) in a 1:2 mean motion resonance would cause high-significance transit time deviations. Therefore, such planets could be detected or ruled out using CoRoT long run data. I conclude that CoRoT data will indeed be very useful for searching for planets with the transit timing method.
Morphological characteristics, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of seeds by four wild Opuntia species from North of Mexico

Morphological characteristics and chemical composition of seeds of four species of Opuntiagenus endemic to the Samalayuca Valley were evaluated in this study. Morphology andchemical composition of the four species were clearly different. Seeds of O. polyacanta var.arenaria presented the highest values of area, length and width. However, O. phaeacanthashowed the highest values in palmitoleic acid (1.34 ± 0.12%), stearic acid (5.60 ± 0.47%), oleicacid (19.42 ± 1.04%), alpha linolenic acid (2.42 ± 0.33%), arachidic acid (0.61 ± 0.11%), andeicosenoic acid (1.74 ± 0.36%); but, this species showed the lowest values in linoleic acid(54.35 ± 2.91 %) content. In conclusion, seeds of O. phaeacantha could be an important newsource of health-promoting polyunsaturated fatty acid, and its use in arid and semi-arid regionsshould be encouraged.
The insight into the dark side – I. The pitfalls of the dark halo parameters estimation

We examined the reliability of estimates of pseudoisothermal, Burkert and NFW dark halo parameters for the methods based on the mass-modelling of the rotation this http URL do it we constructed the $\chi^2$ maps for the grid of the dark matter halo parameters for a sample of 14 disc galaxies with high quality rotation curves from THINGS. We considered two variants of models in which: a) the mass-to-light ratios of disc and bulge were taken as free parameters, b) the mass-to-light ratios were fixed in a narrow range according to the models of stellar populations. To reproduce the possible observational features of the real galaxies we made tests showing that the parameters of the three halo types change critically in the cases of a lack of kinematic data in the central or peripheral areas and for different spatial resolutions. We showed that due to the degeneracy between the central densities and the radial scales of the dark haloes there are considerable uncertainties of their concentrations estimates. Due to this reason it is also impossible to draw any firm conclusion about universality of the dark halo column density based on mass-modelling of even a high quality rotation curve. The problem is not solved by fixing the density of baryonic matter. In contrast, the estimates of dark halo mass within optical radius are much more reliable. We demonstrated that one can evaluate successfully the halo mass using the pure best-fitting method without any restrictions on the mass-to-light ratios.