Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-sensitivity heat-capacity measurements on Sr2RuO4 under uniaxial pressure

Significance Research on the unconventional superconductivity of Sr2RuO4 is undergoing a renaissance since recent spin susceptibility measurements ruling out the spin triplet order parameter which had been widely favored for over two decades. With ultrasound, Kerr rotation, and muon spin relaxation data all providing evidence for a two-component order parameter, it is vital that this possibility be investigated thermodynamically by studying the dependence of the heat-capacity anomaly on uniaxial pressure. Here, the relevant experimental results are combined with theoretical analysis that shows how strongly the data constrain theories of the order parameter. In particular, we do not observe any signs of transition splitting of two-order-parameter components. Sr2RuO4 thus offers a unique test bed for theories of unconventional superconductivity. A key question regarding the unconventional superconductivity of Sr2RuO4 remains whether the order parameter is single- or two-component. Under a hypothesis of two-component superconductivity, uniaxial pressure is expected to lift their degeneracy, resulting in a split transition. The most direct and fundamental probe of a split transition is heat capacity. Here, we report measurement of heat capacity of samples subject to large and highly homogeneous uniaxial pressure. We place an upper limit on the heat-capacity signature of any second transition of a few percent of that of the primary superconducting transition. The normalized jump in heat capacity, ΔC/C, grows smoothly as a function of uniaxial pressure, favoring order parameters which are allowed to maximize in the same part of the Brillouin zone as the well-studied van Hove singularity. Thanks to the high precision of our measurements, these findings place stringent constraints on theories of the superconductivity of Sr2RuO4.
Game-Theoretic Algorithm Designs and Analysis for Interactions Among Contributors in Mobile Crowdsourcing With Word of Mouth

Word-of-Mouth (WoM) mode, as a new mode of task sensing in crowdsourcing, shows high efficiency in building contributor groups. To better tap the potential of WoM mobile crowdsourcing, the underlying rationale of interactions among contributors needs to be well understood. In this article, we analyze the behavior of contributors based on the Stackelberg game, and find optimal strategies for contributors. We consider two different crowdsourcing tasks announcement methods: 1) one-time parallel and 2) multitime sequential announcement ways, which form two different market scenarios. Then, we formulate two-stage and multistage contributor game models for the two scenarios, respectively. The backward induction approach is used to analyze each game, and the problems to find the optimal strategies for contributors are transformed into optimization problems. Furthermore, the Lagrange multiplier and Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) methods are used to solve the optimization problems. We theoretically prove that Stackelberg equilibrium exists and is unique. Based on the proposed theory, we design algorithms to compute the profit-maximizing contribution quantity of sensing data for each contributor. Finally, we present the detailed experimental analysis and the experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Imagining ‘Asian’ higher education: visual campus gaze and global university rankings (GURs) websites

ABSTRACT Amid debates about global university rankings (GURs), very few have closely examined how GURs’ media outlets construct meanings of higher education (HE) in their visual representations. We critically examine 135 publicly available visual media (photographs) in the Times Higher Education (THE) and Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) websites to uncover the rankers’ ‘Asian visual gaze’ to extend our understandings of GURs and the significance of Asian universities within global discourse. Drawing on Arjun Appadurai’s ‘imaginary,’ Stuart Hall’s heuristics of representation, and attending to photographic techniques, we posit that THE and QS GUR imagery constructs a ‘social imaginary’ of Asian HE simultaneously as a: 1) technological frontier, 2) site of educational prestige, and 3) environmental and cultural paradise. We argue that these constructed visual imaginaries of Asian HE serve as sites for social consumption, reproduce particular imagined communities and imagined selves, and serve as scripts for action, in an era of platform capitalism.
Water Balance and Nitrate Leaching under Corn in Kura Clover Living Mulch

Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) living mulch has potential to improve the environmental impact of corn (Zea mays L.) production, especially in the context of corn silage or stover harvest. Our objective was to determine the effects ofkura clover living mulch on the water balance and nitrate leaching under corn near Arlington, WI. Treatments in the 2.5-yr experiment (April 2006-November 2008) were N-fertilized no-till corn following killed kura clover as the control and no-till corn in living mulch with fertilizer rates of 0 and 90 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . Soil water storage was 37 to 50 mm lower under the living mulch than the control in the spring, while the control experienced 29 to 36 mm greater soil water depletion than the living mulch in the summer. Evapotranspiration was similar across treatments, except in May when it was greater under the living mulch by 11 to 41 mm. The living mulch did not appreciably reduce drainage. Nitrate-N storage in the soil profile and nitrate-N concentrations in the soil solution at 1-m depth were significantly reduced (p = 0.10) under both living mulch treatments relative to the control. Flow-weighted nitrate-N concentrations were 23 mg L -1 for the control, 17 mg L -1 for the living mulch with 90 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , and 6 mg L -1 for the living mulch with 0 kg N ha - 1 yr -1 . Total nitrate-N leached was reduced 31 and 74% relative to the control under the living mulch with 90 and 0 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . respectively.
Apple (Malus domestica L. Borkh) as an emerging model for fruit development

Apple research has undergone great improvements in the last years, in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Huge amount of data are now available, especially as far as the early development and the ripening phase are concerned. Moreover, the recent release of the apple genome sequence is significantly speeding up research, allowing on one hand to shed light on the most critical aspects of fruit development with almost immediate practical implications and, on the other hand, to identify new molecular markers that will improve the future breeding programs. In this context, apple is being increasingly considered as a model for fruit development studies, although many gaps still exist in apple research. These gaps are being filled by coupling the next generation high-throughput technologies with new physiological approaches, aimed at achieving both new basic knowledge and innovative tools to improve the final quality of the fruit. In this review, the available information on the regulatory aspects of apple fruit development will be reported and discussed in the light of the future perspectives of apple research.
Gender, diversity management perceptions, workplace happiness and organisational citizenship behaviour

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether females have different perceptions of diversity management and workplace happiness compared to their male colleagues. Furthermore, the paper explores whether diversity management perceptions mediate the relationship between workplace happiness and organisational citizenship behaviour. ,A total of 260 questionnaires from a number of public hospitals in Egypt were analysed using both t-test and Structural Equation Modelling. ,We found that female physicians perceive diversity management policies/protocols more positively than their male colleagues. Moreover, gender has no or little effect on physicians’ perceptions of workplace happiness. We also found that workplace happiness positively affects physicians’ organisational citizenship behaviour, and finally, diversity management practices can mediate the relationship between workplace happiness and physicians’ organisational citizenship behaviour. ,We believe that managers can raise the feeling of workplace happiness among their staff if they maintain some personal relationships with physicians, care about the physicians’ work/life balance, promote after work gatherings, initiate coffee time talks, encourage open communication practices and more. ,The paper is based on the argument that although employees might be happy in the workplace through (engagement, job satisfaction, affective commitment), their happiness, however,will unlikely be reflected into a positive organisational citizenship behaviour towards their organisation, except (social exchange theory) they feel or perceive (equity theory) the overall practices of diversity management in that organisation positively. Thus, studying the mediating effect of perceptions towards diversity management is mainly our contribution.
Variations in Diurnal Uptake of Water and Nutrients by Tomato Plants Grown Hydroponically

Water and nutrient uptake by tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL cv. Ohgata-Fukuju) plants during the day (7:00 to 19:00) and night (19:00 to 7:00) was estimated for 4 consecutive days during 4 seasons of the year. Percentage of uptake rate during the night to that of the 24-hr day is expressed as URN. URNs of phosphate ions ranging from 40 to 50% were always the highest among the nutrients examined. URN of water tended to be high during the cool seasons. Changes in URN of nutrients, except for Ca, did not always correspond to the URN of water.The balance between the cations and anions absorbed was calculated. More cations than anions were absorbed during the day but the situation was reversed at night. Electrical imbalance of either cations or anions was negligible when calculated for the entire day.These observations indicate that phosphate ions and other nutrients are taken up actively against the concentration gradient (culture solution) at night and that URNs of nutrients are influenced little by the rate of water uptake. Diurnal variations in phosphate ions uptake are small.
Sampling factors affecting the use of mineral analysis of apple fruit for the prediction of bitter pit.

Abstract Several aspects of the sampling of apple fruit for mineral analysis and prediction of bitter pit incidence were studied. Variability of mineral analyses can be minimised, and precision of bitter pit prediction increased, by sampling fewer fruit per tree from a large number of trees. Less variability in Ca analysis was found by taking two opposite plugs of cortical tissue from each fruit. Fruits from the upper parts of trees had less Ca and a higher incidence of bitter pit. If a high proportion of fruit in the crop are from these sites, then a sampling scheme which excludes them may result in less accurate predictions. The relationship between fruit Ca concentration and fruit size varied with the crop load on tree tree. In heavily laden trees, the decrease in Ca concentration with increasing fruit weight was half that in lightly laden trees. The relationships between fruit size and both bitter pit incidence and Ca concentration were sufficiently strong to be useful in standardising sampling scheme.
Variation in the leaf composition of winter wheat varieties due to soil nitrogen content and elevated atmospheric CO 2 level

The atmospheric concentration of CO2 has been steadily increasing since the industrial revolution due to human activity (1PCC 3rd assessment report). One direct consequence of the rise in the CO2 level is an increase in the carbon assimilation rate of plants (Webber et al. 1994). Under optimum nitrogen supplies higher atmospheric CO2 concentration results in a maximum biomass increase (Wolf 1996), but excessive soil nitrogen inhibits growth, while reducing the effect of the increased CO2 level (Rogers et al. 1993). The accelerated plant growth rate caused by doubled CO2 involves increasing nutrient requirements. This leads to an increase in root mass to meet the greater demands for ion uptake, yet the dilution of various nutrients (especially nitrogen) and reductions in the chlorophyll content can be observed in plant tissues (Rogers et al. 1993, Keutgen et al. 1996, Wolf 1996). Delgado et al. (1994) found similar results, but no dilution compared to the control plants under low nitrogen stress, where CO2 was unable to cause any change. Since the impacts of doubled C02 on plants may be influenced to a great extent by nutritional status, the aim of the present experiment was to test the effect of the interaction between elevated C02 and nitrogen on the composition of the leaves of two contrasting genotypes in the early developmental stage.
Individuality in Egg Colouration of Black-Headed Gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus across the Years Confirmed through DNA Analyses

The eggshell colouration among and within certain bird species is highly variable. Although many studies have addressed this variation, the reasons for it remain largely unclear. Consistent individual differences in egg colouration may improve the ability of colonially breeding birds to recognise their clutch among other neighbouring nests. Moreover, in species with a high incidence of intraspecific brood parasitism, such as the Black-head Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus, egg colouration patterns may allow parents to expel foreign eggs from their own clutch. Here, we used standardised photography and image processing, including UV spectral information, to investigate egg colour patterns in female Black-headed Gulls (476 eggs in 170 clutches) during four breeding seasons, from 2015 to 2018 in NE Germany. We confirmed maternity by comparing DNA extracted from eggshells with feathers from the breeding female. Our results showed a greater similarity of eggs within a clutch than among clutches (ANOSIM: R = 0.43, P = 0.001). Black-headed Gulls showed consistent individual-specific eggshell colour pattern across consecutive breeding seasons. Genetic analyses further revealed one foreign egg was present in three out of 25 clutches (12%), but these eggs were not expelled by the gulls, possibly because these eggs did not differ significantly in colouration from their own. Additionally, we conducted a clutch exchange experiment to assess the reaction of the breeding pair to a foreign clutch. After 21 neighbouring clutches had been exchanged, adults came back immediately and incubated the interchanged clutch without any negative reaction. It seems that they do not use the specific colour pattern for recognition of their clutches, but possibly use other cues that remain to be investigated. While the function of individual egg colour patterns remains unclear, our results strongly suggest colour variation is driven by internal rather than external factors in this colonially breeding species.
Post-fire recovery of arthropod assemblage in an area of Brazilian savanna

Fire is a frequent agent of disturbance in tropical savannas (e.g., Brazilian Cerrado), but relatively few studies have analyzed how the arthropod community responds to fire disturbance. Following the incursion of an accidental fire into a Cerrado fragment in Central Brazil, we investigated whether the arthropod community is structured by abiotic (climate or fire) or biotic (succession) factors. Our study commenced one week after fire and during the six months afterward. We found 22 arthropod orders, of which Diptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Blattaria and Coleoptera were the most representative. More than 40% of the arthropod abundance was recorded 40 days after the fire event. The overall arthropod abundance and richness fluctuated in the six months following the fire and does not seem to be related to climatic variables. Temporal beta diversity was explained by a reduction in richness differences along the intervals of time, but the community recovery needs to be treated with caution. The increase in replacement in the last intervals in relation to the fire event indicates that biotic interactions may occur with the arrival of late colonizers and suggest that arthropod communities need a long time to be restructured. These results indicate that the processes of restructuring of the arthropod communities after human-induced fire events are temporally complex, involving loss, gain and taxon replacement, but long-term studies are still needed to understand the dynamics of communities.
Squamarina scopulorum (Lecanoraceae), a new lichen species from Norway

The new species Squamarina scopulorum Haugan & Timdal (sect. Petroplaca) is described from Norway. It differs from the sympatric and morphologically closely similar species S. magnussonii and S. pachylepidea mainly in the color of the apothecial disc and in the thallus chemistry. The delimitation of the genus Squamarina and the family Squamarinaceae are briefly discussed.
Utilizing ACT daily as a self-guided app for clients waiting for services at a college counseling center: A pilot study

Abstract Objective Considering increasing demands for mental health services at college counseling centers (CCCs), there is a need for cost-effective solutions that avoid depleting stressed CCC resources. This study examined if ACT Daily, a mobile application based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), could serve as an effective self-guided intervention. Participants: 11 individuals on a CCC waitlist suffering from anxiety/depression participated in the study over 2 weeks. Methods: This study implemented a pre-post, open trial design of ACT Daily. Assessments were completed at baseline and 2-week post assessment. Results: Results indicated that ACT Daily was acceptable and that participants improved on depression and anxiety symptoms as well as psychological inflexibility processes over the 2 weeks. App data further indicated significant in-the-moment improvements on depression, anxiety and psychological inflexibility immediately following skill coaching, with these effects becoming larger over time. Conclusions: Mobile apps like ACT Daily could serve as an effective, pre-therapy tool for depressed/anxious students.
Patients’ expectations with regard to the quality of orthopedic medical care

Objective: To assess, through the Surgical and Medical Experience Questionnaire translated and adapted into Portuguese, the opinions and expectations of patients with regard to the treatment protocols and medical training of the foot and ankle orthopedic specialist. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study assessed, through the application of a questionnaire, the opinions and expectations of patients with regard to orthopedic protocols adopted by the foot and ankle specialist. Results: One hundred and thirty patients were selected. Among the participants, 33.8% were male and 66.2% female. The predominant characteristics of a good physician were good outcomes, according to 31% of the participants, followed by quality of care according to 28.6%, and qualities of a good surgeon, chosen by 27.6%. Approximately 89% of patients do not conduct any research on their physician. Correlation was found between the study level and the choice of physician. Conclusion: The demand for physicians with highly specialized skills has increased over the years. It is evident that in the case of better educated patients, a physician’s resume is much more important, unlike less educated patients. It is possible to observe that, for patients, there are still multiple barriers and variables. Level of Evidence V, Therapeutic Study; Expert Opinion.
Influence of large woody debris on channel morphology in native forest and pine plantation streams in the Nelson region, New Zealand

Abstract The influence of large woody debris (LWD) on channel morphology was assessed in five pine plantation and five native forest streams in the Nelson region of New Zealand. LWD volumes averaged 127 m3 ha–1 in pine plantation streams and 94 m3 ha–1 in native forest streams. Most of the LWD in pine and native streams had no influence on channel morphology (78 and 54%, respectively). Those LWD pieces influencing channel morphology contributed mainly to sediment storage in both pine and native streams as well as flow deflection and debris collection in the native streams. Wood aligned either perpendicular or obliquely to stream flow and positioned on or partly buried in the stream bed had the greatest influence on channel morphology. There were twice as many pools in native streams as in pine streams, and scour processes formed the majority of pools. LWD influenced c. 50% of pool formation in both pine and native streams and increased pool variety. LWD volumes in these streams are low compared with Pacific north‐west streams of the United States, similar to streams in the subalpine forest of Colorado, and higher than volumes in the more modified streams of Europe. Similarities in pool forming processes, pool type, and spatial arrangement of wood influencing channel morphology are apparent between the streams in this study and streams of the Pacific north‐west and Colorado.
Evaluation of Pressure Distribution against Root Canal Walls of NiTi Rotary Instruments by Finite Element Analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contact pressure distribution of two different nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic rotary instruments against the root canal walls and to virtually predict their centering ability during shaping with finite element analysis (FEA). Resin blocks simulating root canals were used. One was shaped with ProGlider and ProTaper Next (PTN) X1-X2 and one with ScoutRace and BioRace (BR) 1, 2 and 3. Both resin blocks were virtually replicated with computer-aided design (CAD) software. The endodontic instruments ProTaper Next (PTN) X2 and BioRace BR3 were also replicated with CAD. The NiTi instruments and the shaped blocks geometries were discretized and exported for FEA. The instrument rotation in the root canals was simulated. The finite element simulation was performed by applying an insertion and extraction force of 2.5 N with a constant rotational speed (300 rpm). To highlight possible differences between pressure distributions against the root canal portions outside and inside the canal curvature, the parameter Var was originally defined. Var values were systematically lower for PTN X2, revealing a better centering ability. FEA proved effective for the virtual prediction of the centering ability of NiTi instruments during an early design phase without the use of prototypes.
Standard methods for artificial rearing of Apis mellifera larvae

Summary Originally, a method to rear worker honey bee larvae in vitro was introduced into the field of bee biology to analyse honey bee physiology and caste development. Recently, it has become an increasingly important method in bee pathology and toxicology. The in vitro method of rearing larvae is complex and can be developed as an art by itself, especially if the aim is to obtain queens or worker bees which, for example, can be re-introduced into the colony as able members. However, a more pragmatic approach to in vitro rearing of larvae is also possible and justified if the aim is to focus on certain pathogens or compounds to be tested. It is up to the researcher(s) to decide on the appropriate experimental establishment and design. This paper will help with this decision and provide guidelines on how to adjust the method of in vitro rearing according to the specific needs of the scientific project.