Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Acquisition of Biology and Physics University Students—the Role of Prior Knowledge

This study investigates the knowledge acquisition of biology and physics freshmen students with special regard to differences between high school (HS) high performing and low performing students. Our study is based on a prior knowledge model, which describes explicit knowledge as a composite of four knowledge types: knowledge of facts, knowledge of meaning, integration of knowledge, and application of knowledge. As a first outcome-oriented approach, we operationalize knowledge acquisition via the changes in these knowledge types between the beginning and the end of the first year. To investigate the knowledge acquisition, a test set was constructed that covers these knowledge types. It was administered to 162 biology and 101 physics students at university. We used an Item Response Theory approach to scale the data. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to analyze the acquisition of the knowledge types. We separated HS low, medium, and high achievers by high school grade point average (HS GPA). The knowledge acquisition of the HS low achievers did not differ from other groups. However, the HS low achievers did not only start with less prior knowledge but also were not able to reach the prior knowledge of the HS high achievers within the first year. Our findings concerning knowledge acquisition may be used to support and improve students’ knowledge acquisition in a targeted way by focusing on selected knowledge types.
EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)

A combination of measurements of the inclusive top-quark pair production cross-section performed by ATLAS and CMS in proton–proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV at the LHC is presented. The cross-sections are obtained using top-quark pair decays with an opposite-charge electron–muon pair in the final state and with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 5 fb−1 at √ s = 7 TeV and about 20 fb−1 at √ s = 8 TeV for each experiment. The combined cross-sections are determined to be 178.5 ± 4.7 pb at √ s = 7 TeV and 243.3+6.0 −5.9 pb at √ s = 8 TeV with a correlation of 0.41, using a reference top-quark mass value of 172.5 GeV. The ratio of the combined crosssections is determined to be R8/7 = 1.363 ± 0.032. The combined measured cross-sections and their ratio agree well with theory calculations using several parton distribution function (PDF) sets. The values of the top-quark pole mass (with the strong coupling fixed at 0.118) and the strong coupling (with the top-quark pole mass fixed at 172.5 GeV) are extracted from the combined results by fitting a next-to-next-to-leading-order plus next-to-next-toleading-log QCD prediction to the measurements. Using a version of the NNPDF3.1 PDF set containing no top-quark measurements, the results obtained are m t = 173.4 +1.8 −2.0 GeV and αs(mZ ) = 0.1170 +0.0021 −0.0018.
Contribution of Proximal and Distal Grains Within Spikelets in Relation to Yield and Yield Components in the Winter Wheat Production Region of China From 1948 to 2012

Grain number and weight within a spikelet are major yield components which determine the grain yield in wheat. The objective of this study was to explore genetic gains in grain performance within wheat spikelets at the individual grain level and its effect on grain yield and evaluate genetic progress in stem internode length and other yield-related traits. We conducted field experiments across three growing seasons in the western Yellow and Huai Valley of China; incorporating 17 bread wheat cultivars released from 1948 to 2012. Yields were significantly correlated with year of release. Yield gains equated to 3.95 g m−2 yr−1 in response to increases in total grain weight per m2 (GW) in proximal (G1 and G2) and distal (G3 and G4) grains, despite a decline in the proportional contribution of proximal grains to yield and increase in the proportional contribution of distal grains to yield with year of release. Grain number per m2 (GN), thousand-grain weight (TGW), and harvest index (HI) increased with year of release, but plant height decreased. Both grain number per spikelet of proximal and distal grain contributed to the increase in total GN. However, the contribution ratio of GN in proximal grains to total GN declined, and the proportion in distal grains increased. Average single grain weight (SGW) increased linearly at G1, G2, G3, and G4 with year of release and contributed to the increase in TGW. The G3 and G4 grain positions had much lower individual grain weights but increased at a faster rate than G1 and G2. At G1, G2, and G3 grain positions, from bottom to top spikelets, the newly released cultivars had the heaviest grains and the old cultivars had the lightest grains. New cultivars had more spikelets than old cultivars and the number of grains (proximal and distal grains) in the apical spike increased with year of release. The length of five internodes decreased significantly with year of release, more so in the upper than lower internodes, all of which contributed to the decline in plant height. In summary, increasing the number and weight of distal grains could increase grain yield, TGW, and GN.
Corporate Governance and Earning Conservatism in Malaysia

The objective of this paper is to examine whether e arning conservatism is enhanced after the amendment of corporate governance code in 2007 (MCC G 2007). We hypothesized that earnings conservatism increase after the amendment of MCCG 2007. Based on conservatism model by Basu (1997) we find that MCCG 2007 enhance earning conservatism and among the corporate governance variables that contribute to the enhancement are board accounting qualification, audit committee expertise and number of audit committee meetings. Nevertheless, board independence provides no support that i t enhances earning conservatism even though there is an increment in percentage of non-e xecutive directors as well as independent non-executive directors after MCCG 2007. Our result concludes that earning conservatism enhancement is influenced by Malaysia’s institution al setting. JEL classification: M41, M48, G34, G38
Knowing the Blood Nondonor to Activate Behaviour

This work is aimed at further developing the study of blood nondonor behaviour through a joint analysis of sociodemographic characteristics, psychological and physical barriers, impure altruism and anticipated emotions, as predictors of intention to donate. To that end, a step-by-step hierarchical regression analysis was applied on a sample of 2383 Spanish nondonors. The study’s results confirm the influence of traditional variables (sociodemographic characteristics, psychological and physical barriers and impure altruism), as well as the power of anticipated emotions, both positive and negative, of donation action and inaction as variables explaining the intention to donate. Another important contribution has been to develop the moderating role of psychological and physical barriers, in addition to impure altruism, on cause–effect relationships between anticipated emotions and intention to donate. A number of practical implications can be derived from this study for transfusion centres responsible for donation promotion.
ATTITUDE OF OPERATING ROOM STUDENTS TOWARDS THEIR FIELD OF STUDY

Background & Aim : Students’ attitude towards their field of study could affect quality of health care. This study aims to determine the attitudes of operating room students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences towards their field of study. Material & Methods : It was a descriptive, cross- sectional study. The subjects were all operating room students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in their second semester of academic year 2013- 2014. Data was collected by student's attitude questionnaire and was analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics methods (Chi-Square test) using SPS-PC (v. 18). Results : The findings showed that 61.4% of students were female and 86.8% were single and mean score of their age was 20.87. Of all students, 51.8% had a positive attitude towards their field of study. According to the results, there was a significant relationship between marital status and education semester and students' attitude towards their field of study (P=0.037 and P=0.004 respectively). Conclusion : Regarding the clinical training problems in operating rooms, providing an appropriate environment in operating rooms to improve students’ attitude is recommended.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RATES OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON

1 SOYBEAN {GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERRIL} INOCULATED 2 WITH RHIZOBIUM 3 4 Abstract 5 The experiment was conducted during the 2012 farmin g season at the University for 6 Development Studies, Nyankpala in the Northern Regi on of Ghana. The objective of the 7 study was to determine the influence of rhizobium i noculants and phosphorus (P) at different 8 application rates on yield and yield components of s ybean. Two levels of inoculation 9 regimes (un-inoculated (-In) and inoculated (+In)) were combined with four application rates 10 of phosphorus (0 kg P/ha, 15 kg P/ha, 30 kg P/ha an d 45 kg P/ha). The experiment was laid in 11 a Randomized Complete Block design with three repli cations. Parameters measured were 12 crop emergence, plant height, leaf area, canopy spr ead, number and weight of nodules, 13 number of pods and total grain yield. The results o btained indicated significance differences 14 in all the parameters measured. Phosphorus applicat ion t 45 kg P/ha plus Rhizobium 15 inoculants recorded significantly higher growth and yield parameters than the rest of the 16 treatments. The economic analysis of the treatments also showed that inoculation of soybean 17 seeds or a combination of inoculation with 45 kg P/ ha was more profitable than the 18 application of 45 kg P/ha without inoculation. The study recommends inoculation of soybean 19 seeds with Rhizobium inoculants in association with application of phosphorus fertilizer at 45 20 kg P/ha. 21
Large and Giant Unilamellar Vesicle(s) Obtained by Self-Assembly of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) Diblock Copolymers, Membrane Properties and Preliminary Investigation of Their Ability to Form Hybrid Polymer/Lipid Vesicles

In the emerging field of hybrid polymer/lipid vesicles, relatively few copolymers have been evaluated regarding their ability to form these structures and the resulting membrane properties have been scarcely studied. Here, we present the synthesis and self-assembly in solution of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers (PDMS-b-PEO). A library of different PDMS-b-PEO diblock copolymers was synthesized using ring-opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3) and further coupling with PEO chains via click chemistry. Self-assembly of the copolymers in water was studied using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Static Light Scattering (SLS), Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), and Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM). Giant polymersomes obtained by electroformation present high toughness compared to those obtained from triblock copolymer in previous studies, for similar membrane thickness. Interestingly, these copolymers can be associated to phospholipids to form Giant Hybrid Unilamellar Vesicles (GHUV); preliminary investigations of their mechanical properties show that tough hybrid vesicles can be obtained.
Stylistic Melody Generation with Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder

Stylistic music generation requires human controls over high-level music features, e.g., rhythm, pitch, structure, and genre. While Structure is a key notion for both music generation and representation learning, most existing generative models for music either adopt hard-coding structures or merely implicitly inherit the structure from the training pieces. Consequently, it is still difficult to control music structure in a flexible way in order to create new pieces. In this paper, we propose several novel ways trying to represent music structure using the framework of Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder (CVAE). Furthermore, we explore the problem of disentanglement of the representations of music structure and content for long music pieces. We show in the results that we can extract the bar-level structure of a long music piece while creating novel pieces via swapping the representations of different pieces.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF ANTENATAL MOTHERS TOWARDS BREASTFEEDING

Introduction: Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. Antenatal counseling is very useful for ensuring breastfeeding in postnatal period Objectives: Assessment of antenatal services with respect to information about benefits of breastfeeding practices and Assessment of knowledge about benefits of breastfeeding amongst the beneficiaries of the hospitals under study. Methodology: Antenatal mothers attending the OPD were interviewed about their knowledge regarding breastfeeding practices and about the hospital services for imparting this knowledge or information. Results: Out of total 200 antenatal beneficiaries 81.5%were having knowledge about benefits of exclusive breast feeding 37 (18.5%) answered don’t know (p value >0.05 not significant statistically). Out of total 200 antenatal beneficiaries 61 (30.5%) were informed about exclusive breast feeding and 139(69.5%) were not informed, (p value <0.05 significant statistically). Conclusion: Majority of ANC women attending the OPD were not aware about Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF), however they were having good knowledge about the benefits of breast feeding. The major source of information being doctors rather than paramedical staff, calls for more attention and training of nurses and other supporting hospital staff regarding Baby Friendly Hospital.
A note on distinct distances

We establish the following result related to Erdős’s problem on distinct distances. Let V be an n-element planar point set such that any p members of V determine at least ( p 2 ) − p+ 6 distinct distances. Then V determines at least n 8 7 −o(1) distinct distances, as n tends to infinity.
Are the Hydantoin-1,3,5-triazine 5-HT6R Ligands a Hope to a Find New Procognitive and Anti-Obesity Drug? Considerations Based on Primary In Vivo Assays and ADME-Tox Profile In Vitro

Though the 5-HT6 serotonin receptor is an important target giving both agonists and antagonists similar therapeutic potency in the treatment of topic CNS-diseases, no 5-HT6R ligand has reached the pharmaceutical market yet due to the too narrow chemical space of the known 5-HT6R agents and insufficient “drugability. ” Recently, a new group of non-indole and non-sulfone hydantoin-triazine 5-HT6R ligands was found, where 3-((4-amino-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methyl)-5-methyl-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (KMP-10) was the most active member. This study is focused on wider pharmacological and “druglikeness” characteristics for KMP-10. A computer-aided insight into molecular interactions with 5-HT6R has been performed. “Druglikeness” was examined using an eight-test panel in vitro, i.e., a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), and Caco-2 permeability-, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) affinity-, plasma protein binding-, metabolic stability- and drug–drug interaction-assays, as well as mutagenicity- and HepG2-hepatotoxicity risk tests. Behavioral studies in vivo, i.e., elevated plus-maze (EPM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, were performed. Extended studies on the influence of KMP-10 on rats’ metabolism, including biochemical tests, were conducted in vivo. Results indicated significant anxiolytic and precognitive properties, as well as some anti-obesity properties in vivo, and it was found to satisfy the “druglikeness” profile in vitro for KMP-10. The compound seems to be a good lead-structure and candidate for wider pharmacological studies in search for new CNS-drugs acting via 5-HT6R.
Soil Physical Properties Spatial Variability under Long-Term No-Tillage Corn

Spatial variability of soil physical and hydrological properties within or among agricultural fields could be intrinsically induced due to geologic and pedologic soil forming factors, but some of the variability may be induced by anthropogenic activities such as tillage practices. No-tillage has been gaining ground as a successful conservation practice, and quantifying spatial variability of soil physical properties induced by no-tillage practices is a prerequisite for making appropriate site-specific agricultural management decisions and/or reformulating some management practices. In particular, there remains very limited information on the spatial variability of soil physical properties under long-term no-tillage corn and tropical soil conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the spatial variability of some selected soil physical properties (soil surface temperature (ST), volumetric water content (θv), soil resistance (TIP), total porosity (θt), bulk density (ρb), organic carbon, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)) using classical and geostatistical methods. The study site was a 2 ha field cropped no-tillage sweet corn for nearly 10 years on Oahu, Hawaii. The field was divided into 10 × 10 and 20 × 20 m grids. Soil samples were collected at each grid for measuring ρb, θt, and soil organic carbon (SOC) in the laboratory following standard methods. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, TIP at 10 and 20 cm depths, soil surface temperature, and θv were also measured. Porosity and ρb have low and low to moderate variability, respectively based on the relative ranking of the magnitude of variability drawn from the coefficient of variation. Variability of the SOC, TIP, and Ksat ranges from moderate to high. Based on the best-fitted semivariogram model for finer grid data, 9.8 m and 142.2 m are the cut off beyond which the measured parameter does not show any spatial correlation for SOC, and TIP at 10 cm depth, respectively. Bulk density shows the highest spatial dependence (range = 226.8 m) among all measured properties. Spatial distribution of the soil properties based on kriging shows a high level of variability even though the sampled field is relatively small.
Good Practice Guide for Improving Accuracy of Dissolved Oxygen Measurements

Dissolved oxygen concentration is a key parameter for characterizing natural and wastewaters and for assessing the global state of the environment in general. The decrease of dissolved oxygen levels in the world’s oceans, which is becoming increasingly obvious, is expected to have an impact on the whole ecosystem of the Earth, including the carbon cycle, the climate, etc. Dissolved oxygen measurements by sensors are often deemed easy measurements by routine laboratories. In reality, the physical and chemical processes underlying the measurements are complex and these measurements are not at all as robust as often considered. Based on the analysis of the results of the intercomparison a set of tools and recommendations are given to the participants of how to improve the quality of their results.
Evaluation of Oral Supplementation with a Casein Hydrolysate-based Formula to Favor the Clearance of HR-HPV Infections and their Derived Lesions

Cervical cancer screening systems aim to detect established HPV infections early. However, if there are no high-grade lesions, the intervention choice is basically limited to observational follow-up with recommendations on life habits like diet, to favor infection control. Therefore, it is important to establish specific feeding guidelines that provide clear evidence about the benefit they may bring against HPV infections. The present study evaluates the benefits of nutritional supplementation with a casein hydrolysate-based formula in patients with HR-HPV infection, compared with a non-supplemented control group. A total of 118 patients completed 6 months of follow-up. Significant differences between supplemented and control groups were observed for total or partial HR-HPV clearance at 6 months (74.6% vs 35.6%). Supplemented patients also suffered a lower occurrence of new intracervical lesions (0% vs 28.6%), a significantly greater resolution (67.4% vs 41.9%) and less progression of pre-existing lesions (4.7% vs 9.7%) at 6 months. An increase in the effectors of cellular immunity that could be responsible for their effect was also observed in supplemented patients. We conclude that nutritional supplementation with this casein hydrolysate-based formula could improve the outcomes of observational management of HPV infection.
Seroprevalence of HIV in acute Orthopaedic trauma at the Johannesburg Hospital

The principal aim of the study was to establish the HIV Seroprevalence in an acute Orthopaedic trauma setting in an urban teaching hospital. Secondary aims were (i), to establish if the seroprevalence compares with the national averages and findings from other similar studies, and (ii), to establish the effect of informed consent on the response rate to recruitment in HIV related studies. Methodology All illegible patients (able and qualified to give an informed consent for HIV testing) admitted to the Orthopaedic trauma unit at the Johannesburg hospital, were pre-counselled and tested for HIV after admission. Those that tested positive were then counselled again and referred accordingly to the HIV clinics for follow up. Results A total of 797 patients were admitted during the period. 159 (20%) did not meet the inclusion criteria, declined counselling or could not be counselled for various reasons. The main reason for non response was cited as a need to wait until after the acute event before they considered the test. A total of 648 patients were therefore eligible for recruitment. All patients were pre-counselled for the test and 246 (39%) consented and signed the informed consent form. Of those that were tested, 57 (23%) tested positive and were followed up accordingly. This result was then compared with previous non Orthopaedic studies on the HIV Seroprevalence. The rate of HIV infection in our acute orthopaedic trauma setting was found to be 23%. This is higher than the national averages but compares with other studies. Most acutely traumatized patients are not willing to be tested for HIV in the acute setting. This has a huge bearing on recruitment of suitable candidates for future studies in HIV in an acute trauma setting.
Corrections

The News Feature ‘Physics on two wheels’ ( Nature 535, 338–341; 2016) contained several biographical inaccuracies. Michael Papadopoulos moved his family to the United States more than a decade before taking a job at Oregon, not in 1967. Jim Papadopoulos spent a whole academic year at Oregon before starting at MIT.
Haematological values in pregnancy in Jos.

: Blood samples taken from 270 women, 30 in first trimester of pregnancy, 90 in second trimester and 150 in third trimester, were analysed for haemoglobin (Hb) packed cell volume (pcv), white blood cell count (wbc) and differentials and platelet count. The values for 95%, range for first trimester was Hb 122 +/- 19.8, pcv . 37 +/- . 0568L/L, wbc 6.189 +/- 2.484 x 10(9)/L and platelet 200.428 +/- 101.828 x 10(9)/L, for the second trimester, Hb 117.5 +/- 25.2 g/L pcv . 36 +/- . 0706L/L, wbc 6.414 +/- 2.884 x 10(9)/L and platelet 189.168 +/- 101.828 x 10(9)/L, and for third trimester Hb 119.6 +/- 24 pcv . 36 +/- . 072L/L, wbc 7.119 +/- 2.356 x 10(9)/L and platelet 193.786 +/- 103.016 x 10(9)/L. These results were compared with those of 150 non-pregnant women whose haematological indices were Hb. 130.5 +/- 17.89g/L, pcv . 3994 +/- . 0716L/L, wbc 5.255 +/- 2.900 x 10(9)/L and platelet 242.600 +/- 105.416. These results show that there is a significant fall in Hb, pcv, and platelet in pregnancy, while wbc count shows a significant rise in pregnancy due to neutrophilia.