Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of the American Statistical Association Oracally Efficient Two-step Estimation of Generalized Additive Model Oracally Efficient Two-step Estimation of Generalized Additive Model

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. ARDLE The generalized additive model (GAM) is a multivariate nonparametric regression tool for non-Gaussian responses including binary and count data. We propose a spline-backfitted kernel (SBK) estimator for the component functions and the constant, which are oracally efficient under weak dependence. The SBK technique is both computationally expedient and theoretically reliable, thus usable for analyzing high-dimensional time series. Inference can be made on component functions based on asymptotic normality. Simulation evidence strongly corroborates the asymptotic theory. The method is applied to estimate insolvent probability and to obtain higher accuracy ratio than a previous study. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Series - parallel graphs and depth-first search trees

Series-parallel graphs play a significant role in the analysis and synthesis of electrical networks, communication networks, and switching circuits. On the other hand, due to their very tractable structure, a number of algorithmic problems which are NP-complete for arbitrary graphs can be efficiently solved for the special case of series-parallel graphs, see some recent results in [7]. In another recent work, Shinoda et al. [6] have shown that series-parallel graphs can be completely characterized by a property of their spanning trees. They proved, that every spanning tree of a series-parallel graph G is a depth-first search (or DFS) tree of a 2-isomorphic copy of G . The proof in [6] is, however, existential. The purpose of this note is to provide a constructive proof of this property. We present a procedure which for a given series-parallel graph G and its spanning tree T , produces a 2-isomorphic copy G' of G such that the edges of T generate in G' a DFS tree of G' . Our considerations are entirely based on the classical constructive definition of series-parallel graphs and the Duffin's characterization, unlike the work [6], where several other characterizations of these graphs are utilized. We refer the reader to Chen [1] and Harary [4] for graph-theoretic terms not defined here.
Comparative Evaluation of Lamina Cribrosa Anatomical Parameters with Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Defects In Primary Open-angle Glaucoma Cases And Controls

OBJECTIVES To assess the lamina cribrosa (LC) anterior lamina cribrosa depth (ALCD), lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases and age-matched controls and to compare these anatomical variables among POAG cases and age-matched controls. METHODOLOGY The case-control study was researched at Al-Ain Eye Institute, Karachi, in four month’s duration (November 2018 till February 2019). Expert eye specialist recruited 57 POAG cases and 46 age-matched healthy controls. Observation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and open angle was done using Goldmann tonometry and Slit-lamp biomicroscopy with stereoscopic ophthalmoscopy respectively. Visual field parameters of mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) measured using Humphrey Field Analyzer. Highly sensitive spectral domain ocular coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) was used to determine ALCD, LCT and RNFLT. RESULTS Statistically significant results were produced by RNFLT defects when it is compared in groups of mild with moderate cases of POAG (P-value 0.037). ALCD and LCT did display an association with RNFLT defects but did not produced statistically significant results. CONCLUSION Assessments of ALCD and LCT can provide important prognostic evidence about RNFLT and can assist in future planning of mild and moderate cases suffering from POAG.
Quasiparticle lifetimes in rutile and anatase TiO2: GW approximation

Since the dynamics of carriers are significant for a variety of applications, such as catalytic reactions, we studied the linewidth of quasiparticles for the photo-excited carriers in rutile and anatase pseudomorphs in the non-equilibrium regimes by means of many-body perturbation theory using the so-called dynamically screened interaction (GW approximation) as a method of choice. Furthermore, the influences of the commensurate electric field on the lifetime of quasiparticles are investigated through the Stark effect. The behavior of quasiparticle lifetimes qualitatively adjusts to Fermi-liquid approximation. Self-energies analysis shows that the lifetimes of excited electrons are smaller than holes for both rutile and anatase, which are in good agreement with available experiments. Likewise, the lifetimes of carriers for intraband transitions in anatase are longer than the rutile phase because of dense states near the band edges. Our results of inelastic scattering rates suggest that holes have the leading role in catalytic reactions than the electrons. Eventually, it is argued that applying an electric field will increase the decay rate, thus reducing the carrier lifetime and leading to loss of reactivity performance.
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS CAUSING PROBLEMATIC FINANCING AT BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA MAGELANG SINGOSARI SUB-BRANCH OFFICE

Indonesian Islamic banks are banks in Indonesia engaged in Islamic banking in financial institutions that meet the public's needs for financing transactions. Bank Syariah Indonesia Magelang Singosari Sub-Branch Office is having problems with financing. Factors that cause problematic financing come from internal factors and external factors. This research aims to find out what factors cause problematic funding at Indonesian Sharia banks, the Magelang Singosari Sub-Branch Office and to find out how to deal with ineffective financing at the Indonesian Sharia Bank, the Magelang Singosari Sub-Branch Office. This research method uses qualitative data types. The data in this study were collected and organized, and sorted in a certain pattern so that the data is determined and sorted according to the research discussion. The causes of unfavorable financial conditions are internal factors and external factors at Bank Syariah Indonesia Sub-Branch Office Magelang Singosari, internal factors the bank does not delve into in the analysis of prospective customers, external factors in particular 1) the possibility that the customer wants to pay before maturity but cannot pay it off due to a disaster the customer does not have the income to pay for the financing that is due 2) the intentional factor of the customer intentionally delaying payment of funds that are due.
Frequency response of three-dimensional natural convection of nanofluids under microgravity environments with gravity modulation

Abstract The present study performed three-dimensional numerical simulations of natural convection generated by nanofluids between plates under microgravity with gravity modulation. The Rayleigh number was fixed at and the dimensionless frequency of the gravity modulation was varied from F = 0 to 102 for the volume fraction –0.05. From an unsteady analysis, we clarified the time variation of three-dimensional thermal convection structures under gravity modulation and the frequency response of the heat transfer characteristics to the gravity modulation. When the frequency of gravity modulation and the volume fraction of nanoparticles are changed, two- or three-dimensional roll-shaped thermal convection occurs, and vortex pairs form between thermal plumes. For a low volume fraction of the fluid follows the low-frequency gravity modulation of F = 1 well. Therefore, the thermal convection repeatedly develops and decays as the gravity acceleration increases and decreases. At high-frequency gravity modulation of since the followability of the fluid is poor, the convection remains during one cycle of gravity modulation. At the low frequency of F = 1 and low volume fraction of the instantaneous Nusselt number is 1.0–1.1 times higher than that at over one period. For the time-averaged characteristics, the heat transfer coefficient is lower at low frequencies than at high frequencies regardless of the volume fraction. At the low volume fraction of the average Nusselt numbers for the low frequencies of F = 1 and F = 5 are 1.0–1.01 times higher than that at and the decrease in heat transfer coefficient owing to nanoparticles is suppressed. At for each frequency, the Nusselt number is much lower than that for Therefore, for low-frequency gravity modulations that make damping difficult, using nanofluids with a low volume fraction of can prevent the decrease in the heat transfer coefficient.
Lamp Tests of Linear and Loglinear Hypotheses in Multinomial Experiments

Abstract We derive Neyman's locally asymptotically most powerful test criterion to test a linear hypothesis, and in particular, obtain such criteria to test linear hypotheses in binomial and multinomial experiments. We also discuss testing log-linear hypotheses in the parameters of a multinomial experiment, and give a simple criterion for testing the hypothesis of no second order interaction in a p × q × r (p, q, r, > 2) contingency table. Asymptotic tests of the hypotheses mentioned above are available in the literature, but the tests proposed in this paper are simple and are based on explicit optimality consideration.
TRANSPORT BY INTERMITTENCY IN THE BOUNDARY OF THE DIII-D TOKAMAK

A271 TRANSPORT BY INTERMITTENCY IN THE BOUNDARY OF THE DIII-D TOKAMAK. Intermittent plasma objectives (IPOs) featuring higher pressure than the surrounding plasma, are responsible for {approx} 50% of the E x B{sub T} radial transport in the scrape off layer (SOL) of the DIII-D tokamak in L- and H-mode discharges. Conditional averaging reveals that the IPOs are positively charged and feature internal poloidal electric fields of up to 4000 V/m. The IPOs move radially with E x B{sub T}/B{sup 2} velocities of {approx} 2600 m/s near the last closed flux surface (LCFS), and {approx} 330 m/s near the wall. The IPOs slow down as they shrink in radial size from 4 cm at the LCFS to 0.5 cm near the wall. The skewness (i.e. asymmetry of fluctuations from the average) of probe and beam emission spectroscopy (BES) data indicate IPO formation at or near the LCFS and the existence of positive and negative IPOs which move in opposite directions. The particle content of the IPOs at the LCFS is linearly dependent on the local density and decays over {approx} 3 cm into the SOL while their temperature decays much faster ({approx} 1 cm).
Association Study Identified HLA‐DQA1 as a Novel Genetic Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus‐Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the genetic signatures of SLE‐associated PAH have not been well studied. We aimed to identify genetic variants implicated in SLE‐associated PAH susceptibility within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and assess the contribution to clinical outcomes.
ROCK‐TAZ signaling axis regulates mechanical tension‐induced osteogenic differentiation of rat cranial sagittal suture mesenchymal stem cells

Mechanical force across sutures is able to promote suture osteogenesis. Orthodontic clinics often use this biological characteristic of sutures to treat congenital cranio‐maxillofacial malformations. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain poorly understood. Craniofacial sutures provide a special growth source and support primary sites of osteogenesis. Here, we isolated rat sagittal suture cells (rSAGs), which had mesenchymal stem cell characteristics and differentiating abilities. Cells were then subjected to mechanical tension (5% elongation, 0.5 Hz; sinusoidal waveforms) showing that mechanical tension could enhance osteogenic differentiation but hardly affect proliferation of rSAGs. Besides, mechanical tension could increase Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK) expression and enhance transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) nuclear translocation. Inhibiting ROCK expression could suppress tension‐induced osteogenesis and block tension‐induced upregulation of nuclear TAZ. In addition, our results indicated that TAZ had direct combination sites with runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in rSAGs, and knock‐downed TAZ simultaneously decreased the expression of Runx2 no matter with or without mechanical tension. In summary, our findings demonstrated that the multipotency of rSAGs in vitro could give rise to early osteogenic differentiation under mechanical tension, which was mediated by ROCK‐TAZ signal axis.
The logic behind the initiatives of national governing bodies in Flanders to improve organised youth sport: A theory-based evaluation approach

ABSTRACT Regular involvement in organised youth sport boosts the likelihood of lifelong sport participation. However, increasing dropout rates in sport clubs and alarming levels of young people not meeting physical activity guidelines may suggest that the organised sport sector’s efforts have been insufficient to date. This situation calls for evaluation of the applicable youth sport policy to determine how organised youth sport is intended to operate and to articulate whether and how the policy achieves its stated goals. Accordingly, this paper identifies and analyses initiatives of national governing bodies (NGBs) to increase participation rates and improve the quality of youth sport in their affiliated sport clubs, using Flanders as a case study. A theory-based evaluation was applied working with qualitative data derived from extensive document analysis and five focus groups with representatives of 19 Flemish NGBs. The results reveal that the focus of NGBs is narrowed to increasing participation rates of youth members and building a sound organisational structure in sport clubs, rather than investing in the quality of provision to maximise enjoyment. Furthermore, most of the initiatives lack a clearly articulated strategy and are based on assumed mechanisms, rather than on prior understanding of effective processes. This study adds to the scarce literature on sport policy evaluation research by mapping out NGBs’ youth sport initiatives and using a theoretical lens through which to evaluate them. For practitioners, the results demonstrate the usefulness of a logic model to evaluate youth sport policy and to optimise the effectiveness of the initiatives employed.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards the Prevention of Schistosomiasis Mansoni in an Endemic Area of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil

We analyzed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of schistosomiasis mansoni prevention in an endemic area of Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2021, with 412 participants living in the municipality of Feira Grande, Alagoas, Brazil. Data collection occurred through visits to the Health Center Urbano II and Massapê, through an interview with a structured questionnaire to identify the levels of KAP regarding schistosomiasis prevention. Of all respondents, 70.87% lived in rural areas, 22.66% reported a history of past schistosomiasis and 52.71% never participated in schistosomiasis control program actions. Factors associated with better KAP scores were being part of an older age group, not using rainwater and having no history of past schistosomiasis. Specifically, among the domains, attitude was the highest score and knowledge was the lowest. Participation in a health intervention program, knowing someone who had schistosomiasis and having been informed through a public health program seemed to have an important impact on the population’s KAP. Our results contributed to broadening perceptions about schistosomiasis prevention, highlighting the positive impacts that health programs and interventions have on disease control.
HERschel KEY PROGRAM HERITAGE: A FAR-INFRARED SOURCE CATALOG FOR THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS

Observations from the HERschel Inventory of the Agents of Galaxy Evolution (HERITAGE) have been used to identify dusty populations of sources in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC). We conducted the study using the HERITAGE catalogs of point sources available from the Herschel Science Center from both the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS; 100 and 160 μm) and Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE; 250, 350, and 500 μm) cameras. These catalogs are matched to each other to create a Herschel band-merged catalog and then further matched to archival Spitzer IRAC and MIPS catalogs from the Spitzer Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution (SAGE) and SAGE-SMC surveys to create single mid- to far-infrared (far-IR) point source catalogs that span the wavelength range from 3.6 to 500 μm. There are 35,322 unique sources in the LMC and 7503 in the SMC. To be bright in the FIR, a source must be very dusty, and so the sources in the HERITAGE catalogs represent the dustiest populations of sources. The brightest HERITAGE sources are dominated by young stellar objects (YSOs), and the dimmest by background galaxies. We identify the sources most likely to be background galaxies by first considering their morphology (distant galaxies are point-like at the resolution of Herschel) and then comparing the flux distribution to that of the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (ATLAS) survey of galaxies. We find a total of 9745 background galaxy candidates in the LMC HERITAGE images and 5111 in the SMC images, in agreement with the number predicted by extrapolating from the ATLAS flux distribution. The majority of the Magellanic Cloud-residing sources are either very young, embedded forming stars or dusty clumps of the interstellar medium. Using the presence of 24 μm emission as a tracer of star formation, we identify 3518 YSO candidates in the LMC and 663 in the SMC. There are far fewer far-IR bright YSOs in the SMC than the LMC due to both the SMCʼs smaller size and its lower dust content. The YSO candidate lists may be contaminated at low flux levels by background galaxies, and so we differentiate between sources with a high (“probable”) and moderate (“possible”) likelihood of being a YSO. There are 2493/425 probable YSO candidates in the LMC/SMC. Approximately 73% of the Herschel YSO candidates are newly identified in the LMC, and 35% in the SMC. We further identify a small population of dusty objects in the late stages of stellar evolution including extreme and post-asymptotic giant branch, planetary nebulae, and supernova remnants. These populations are identified by matching the HERITAGE catalogs to lists of previously identified objects in the literature. Approximately half of the LMC sources and one quarter of the SMC sources are too faint to obtain accurate ample FIR photometry and are unclassified.
Effects of the Ionospheric Conductance on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail

We have carried out a series of numerical experiments designed to evaluate the sensitivity of global magnetohydrodynamic simulations to changes in ionospheric conductance. We multiplied the precipitating energy fluxes due to both strong pitch angle scattering and parallel currents by constant factors in the Robinson et al. (1987, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA03p02565) model and used them as input to a simulated substorm interval on 14 March 2008. We also used the Kaeppler et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021396) model. When we reduced the energy fluxes by a factor of about three (0.34), the agreement on substorm location was best. Larger conductances led to onset at later local times. For multiplication factors greater than one, the magnetotail became line tied and no flows entered the inner magnetotail region. Relatively small (<50%) differences in the conductances lead to major changes in the tail configuration. We calculated auroral indices from the simulations and compared them to observations. None of the models reproduced the DP1 system but, we obtained much better agreement with the observed DP2 system. The model with the basic Robinson formula gave the best agreement with the DP2 system. We also ran a generic simulation with constant solar wind and southward IMF using the basic Robinson et al. model. The results were very similar to those of the event simulation suggesting that the changes were due to the ionospheric boundary condition. In the simulation, the energy flux obtained by assuming strong pitch angle scattering makes a larger contribution to the conductance than the field‐aligned current energy flux.
Salivary Antioxidant Capacity and Magnesium in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent disorder. The search for biomarkers may contribute to new knowledge about molecular pathogenesis and treatment. Since oxidative stress and micronutrient imbalance play a key role in the development of mental disorders, we aimed to study salivary antioxidant capacity and magnesium in patients with GAD in an anxiety model of solving problems with increasing complexity. The study subgroup consisted of 15 patients with GAD, and 17 healthy volunteers of the same age made up the control subgroup. Participants took a test with six levels of difficulty, which included false feedback. In this test, the participants were asked to remember the colors of balloons and react when the color changed. The reaction time, the number of correct answers, as well as biochemical parameters such as the antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary magnesium, were assessed. There was no difference in the results of the quest between the subgroups; however, anxious participants spent more time at the moment of experimental frustration due to incorrect feedback and additional negative psycho-emotional load. Antioxidant capacity did not differ between the subgroups both before and after the experimental session. Average antioxidant capacity also did not change significantly at the endpoint of the experiment. However, the endpoint antioxidant capacity correlated negatively with the reaction time in anxious patients in the second block (where the false feedback as a frustrating factor appeared). Magnesium was initially significantly higher in the group of anxious participants and decreased at the experiment endpoint; in healthy patients, there were no changes in salivary magnesium at the endpoint. In conclusion, the compensatory potential of oxidative metabolism and magnesium in patients with GAD was spent with additional psycho-emotional stress, in contrast to healthy individuals, but it was sufficient to avoid exhaustion during experimental frustrating exposure.