Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A randomised proof-of-concept trial on the effectiveness of a game-based training of phoneme-grapheme correspondences in pre-readers

Background: Learning which letters correspond to which speech sounds is fundamental for learning to read. Based on previous experimental studies, we developed a serious game aiming to boost letter-speech sound (L-SS) correspondences in a motivational game environment. Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of this game in training L-SS correspondences in pre-readers. Additionally, an extended version of the game was developed given the importance of handwriting in audio-visual integration. We established whether including a motoric component in the game boosted the letter-speech sound training on top of the effect of the game without the motoric component. Methods: One-hundred forty-five kindergartners were randomly allocated to play either the standard audio-visual version of the game, the motoric version or a control math game. All children were pre-and post-tested on L-SS knowledge and reading accuracy. Results and conclusions: We found that playing the game enhanced pre-readers' L-SS knowledge, but not reading accuracy, after a short, intensive intervention period of 3 weeks. However, children who played the motoric version of the game did not differ significantly from either the standard or the control condition. Implications: This game was efficient in training L-SS correspondences in pre-readers. These results suggest that this game might be useful as a preventive evidence-based intervention for at-risk children in kindergarten who might benefit from a head start before learning how to read. Future studies are needed to examine whether a longer intervention period results in L-SS knowledge being translated into reading skills.
3D ecological modelling of the Aveiro coast (Portugal)

Until now the most of studies concerning the dynamics of the Portuguese coastal ecosystem focused in estuarine, lagoon and rivers systems, whereas more knowledge about the spatial and the seasonal distribution of phytoplankton population at the coast is still needed. The present work is aimed to study some aspects of ecological modelling of the nearshore Aveiro coastal system, namely the influence of physical forcings in the distribution of phytoplankton biomass. In order to implement the ecological model, the validation of the model were assessed by comparing simulation to data to a vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass, obtained from the several surveys performed along the Portuguese coast during the last decades (Moita, 2001). The results evidence, that the physical processes play an important role in the understanding the phytoplankton dynamics and the close relationship between the physical forcings and the temperature and the phytoplankton distributions.
The “Alfvénic surge” at substorm onset/expansion and the formation of “Inverted Vs”: Cluster and IMAGE observations

From multipoint, in situ observations and imaging, we reveal the injection‐powered, Alfvénic nature of auroral acceleration during onset and expansion of a substorm. It is shown how Alfvénic variations over time dissipate to form large‐scale, inverted‐V structures characteristic of quasistatic aurora. This characterization is made possible through the fortuitous occurrence of a substorm onset and expansion phase on field lines traversed by Cluster in the high‐altitude acceleration region. Substorm onset was preceded by the occurrence of multiple poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs) and subsequent development/progression of a streamer toward the growth phase arc indicating that this is of the PBI‐/streamer‐triggered class of substorms. Onset on Cluster is marked by the injection of hot, dense magnetospheric plasma in a region tied to one of the preexisting PBI current systems. This was accompanied by a surge of Alfvénic activity and enhanced inverted‐V acceleration, as the PBI current system intensified and striated to dispersive scale Alfvén waves. The growth of Alfvén wave activity was significant (up to a factor of 300 increase in magnetic field power spectral density at frequencies 20 mHz ≲f≲ few hertz) and coincided with moderate growth (factor 3–5) in the background PBI current. This sequence is indicative of a cascade process whereby small‐scale/dispersive Alfvén waves are generated from large‐scale Alfvén waves or current destabilization. It also demonstrates that the initial PBIs and their subsequent evolution are an intrinsic part of the global auroral substorm response to injection and accompanying wave energy input from the magnetotail. Alfvénic activity persisted poleward of the PBI currents composing a broad Alfvén wave‐dominated region extending to the polar cap edge. These waves have transverse scales ranging from a few tens of kilometers to below the ion gyroradius and are associated with large electric fields (up to 200 mV/m) and Poynting fluxes (up to 200 mW/m2 mapped at ionospheric altitudes). The fluctuations show mixtures of traveling and/or reflected (including standing) wave signatures, depending on frequency and location. A transition from incoming traveling wave to standing wave signatures is also seen near onset. Depending on location, electron distributions show signatures of Alfvén acceleration, inverted‐V acceleration, or evidence of both. Poleward expansion of substorm emissions coincided with the poleward expansion of the hot energetic plasma, and the formation of a large‐scale inverted‐V current system with concurrent attenuation of Alfvénic fluctuations within the Alfvén‐dominated region. We suggest that the attenuation is due to a dissipative effect owing to changes in the dispersive properties of these waves via the injection process and/or due to a transient magnetotail source. These findings suggest that in addition to playing active roles in driving substorm aurora, inverted‐V and Alfvénic acceleration processes are causally linked.
Measurement of spatial inequality using micro-spatial data in Thailand

This study aims to discuss the spatial heterogeneity of accessibility of urban facilities and analyze the differences in socioeconomic characteristics in Thailand using the following indicators: walking and car accessibility, and intra-spatial inequality. The results of this study were that a certain percentage of local residents had difficulty accessing urban facilities, especially public transport hubs, even when using automobiles. Moreover, in some Mueang units, access to public transport hubs is generally poor due to an aging population. Although the elderly and low-income groups need to fulfill their needs within a walking distance, this study demonstrates this is difficult for them. Focusing on spatial inequalities in case of grocery stores, not only Mueang units in rural areas, but also ones in Bangkok metropolitan region experience spatial inequality. Despite technical and data limitations, these findings are essential for mitigating spatial inequality.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS (CSF s): A COMPARISON BETWEEN COASTAL AND ISLAND CHALETS

Tourism is an important industry for Malaysia, and small and medium chalets (SMCs) play a significant role in aiding the success of the tourism industry. Similar to other small businesses that find difficulty in competing against large companies, many small chalet operators are struggling given the stiff competition posed by large hotels and resorts. The present study aims to identify the perceived critical success factors (CSFs) of SMCs operating along the coastal area and on four islands on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, namely Tioman, Redang, Perhentian and Kapas. Measures from Brotherton and Shaw (1996) and Brotherton (2004) were adopted, and structured interviews were conducted to enhance the richness of data. A total of 56 small and medium coastal chalet (SMCC) and 33 small and medium island chalet (SMIC) operators participated in the survey, and only six respondents agreed to be interviewed. Conferences and banquets were found to be insignificant for coastal and island SMCs. However, SMCCs consider guest accommodation, back of house, and food and beverage as their top CSFs, whereas SMICs rank front office, guest accommodation, and food and beverage as their main CSFs. Qualitative findings provide significant and interesting views to enhance the discussion of the results.
Leveraging Semantic Transformation to Investigate Password Habits and Their Causes

Weak or reused passwords are the culprit in many contemporary security breaches. It is critical to study both how users choose passwords, and the causes that motivate these choices. Existing literature on these topics is limited as it usually studies these problems in isolation. Many prior contributions study common or reused passwords from leaked or contributed dataset, but do not investigate their underlying causes. Other works ask users to narrate their password choices either from memory or for fictional servers, but do not validate that this narrative matches actual user behavior with real servers. Our work complements these existing efforts. We use information about real passwords’ semantic structure to study strength and reuse of passwords, and conscious and unconscious causes of unsafe practices, in a population of 50 participants. The participants took part in a carefully designed, IRB-approved lab study, where we collected semantic representations of the subjects’ existing online credentials, and interviewed them about their password strategies and risk perceptions. Our findings show that users often have trouble keeping accurate track of their password reuse, and tend to underestimate it. They further understand how to compose strong passwords, but make them too short and have too weak mental models of attackers. In a large number of cases users resort to bad practices (weak passwords, verbatim reuse) driven by desire to maximize recall. We provide recommendations for tools that inform users of their password practices and offer automated remediation.
Examining Personal Information Keeping in a Lightweight Note-Taking Tool

This paper describes a longitudinal field experiment in personal note taking that examines how people capture and use information in short textual notes. Study participants used our tool, a simple browser-based textual note taking utility resembling many lightweight tools available today, to capture personal information over the course of ten days. We examine the information they kept in the tool, how this information was expressed, and aspects of note creation, editing, deletion, and search. We find that notes were recorded extremely quickly and tersely, combined information of multiple types, and were rarely revised or deleted. Participants felt that our tool filled unmet needs and allowed them to capture information they would not have otherwise written down.
RISK PERCEPTION AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT IN HIV/AIDS AMONG FEDERAL CIVIL SERVANTS

This study is about the risk perception and marital adjustment of HIV/AIDS among the federal civil servants in Ibadan. The concern of the study is the sexual behaviour of the federal civil servants in view of the status of HIV/AIDS as the leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. The choice of study population was based on the demand of the jobs among federal civil servants where individuals may be transferred to far distance without his or her family. The accessibility equally informed the conduct of the study in Ibadan, Oyo state capital. Questionnaire was the major source of data gathering in this study. Data collected were analysed using percentage and chi-square while qualitative data were content analysed. Four hypotheses focusing on risk perception, marital adjustment, reproductive decision as well as religion and HIV/AIDS were tested at 0.05 level of significance.
Exploring the Effect of Achievements on Students Attending University Orientation

ing with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org Notice: Changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing and formatting may not be reflected in this document. For a definitive version of this work, please refer to the published source: https://doi.org/10.1145/2658537.2658700 Exploring the Effect of Achievements on Students Attending University Orientation Zachary Fitz-Walter, Peta Wyeth, Dian Tjondronegoro, Daniel Johnson Queensland University of Technology
A suspended sediment budget for the agricultural Can Revull catchment (Mallorca, Spain)

Extensive rainfed herbaceous crops are one of the most representative agricultural elements of Mediterranean region, which should be one of the major factors affecting erosion processes. Although land use is commonly seen as resulting in increased sediment yields, the implementation of soil and water conservation practices can have the reverse effect. A sediment budget has been established in Can Revull, a small agricultural catchment (1.03 km2) on the island of Mallorca, by using 137Cs measurements, sediment source fi ngerprinting and more traditional monitoring techniques to quantify the individual components of the budget. A large proportion of the material mobilized from cultivated fi elds without conservation practices (gross erosion of 775 t yr 1, 1,270 t km 2 yr 1) was subsequently deposited either within the fi eld of origin (112 t yr 1, 180 t km 2 yr 1) or at intermediate locations between the source fi eld and the channel network (fi eld-to-channel conveyance loss was 454 t yr 1, 744 t km 2 yr 1). The estimates of sediment accumulation rates on the fl oodplain in the lower reaches of the catchment indicate that the mean sedimentation rate was 0.14 g cm-2 yr-1. This value was extrapolated to the total area of the fl oodplain to estimate a total annual conveyance loss or storage of 445 t yr 1. Monitoring at the catchment outlet over the study period (2004–2008) indicated a mean annual suspended sediment yield of 7 t km-2 yr-1. The sum of the estimates of sediment yield and fl oodplain storage (452 t yr-1) was taken to represent the total annual input of suspended sediment to the channel system. This value was subsequently apportioned using the information provided by the fi ngerprinting investigation, to estimate the mass of sediment reaching the channel network from cultivated fi elds and from eroding channel banks. Thus the annual contribution from channel banks was estimated to be 242 t yr-1. In the case of the contributions from cultivated fi elds, the estimates obtained were, as expected, signifi cantly less than the values of net soil loss from these zones provided by the 137Cs measurements due to conveyance losses associated to fi eld-to-channel conveyance loss. The overall sediment delivery ratios (< 1 %) indicate that approximately 99 % of the sediment mobilized by erosion within the Can Revull catchment is subsequently deposited before reaching the monitoring station. As such, the low sediment outputs from the study catchment should be seen as refl ecting the importance of conveyance losses and storage rather than a lack of sediment mobilization from the catchment surface, although part of the catchment headwaters was modifi ed historically by means of terraces and transverse walls to prevent erosion.
A Large-Scale Empirical Review of Patch Correctness Checking Approaches

Automated Program Repair (APR) techniques have drawn wide attention from both academia and industry. Meanwhile, one main limitation with the current state-of-the-art APR tools is that patches passing all the original tests are not necessarily the correct ones wanted by developers, i.e., the plausible patch problem. To date, various Patch-Correctness Checking (PCC) techniques have been proposed to address this important issue. However, they are only evaluated on very limited datasets as the APR tools used for generating such patches can only explore a small subset of the search space of possible patches, posing serious threats to external validity to existing PCC studies. In this paper, we construct an extensive PCC dataset, PraPatch (the largest manually labeled PCC dataset to our knowledge), to revisit all nine state-of-the-art PCC techniques. More specifically, our PCC dataset PraPatch includes 1,988 patches generated from the recent PraPR APR tool, which leverages highly-optimized bytecode-level patch executions and can exhaustively explore all possible plausible patches within its large predefined search space (including well-known fixing patterns from various prior APR tools). Our extensive study of representative PCC techniques on PraPatch has revealed various findings, including: 1) the assumption made by existing static PCC techniques that correct patches are more similar to buggy code than incorrect plausible patches no longer holds, 2) state-of-the-art learning-based techniques tend to suffer from the dataset overfitting problem, 3) while dynamic techniques overall retain their effectiveness on our new dataset, their performance drops substantially on patches with more complicated changes and 4) the very recent naturalness-based techniques can substantially outperform traditional static techniques and could be a promising direction for PCC. Based on our findings, we also provide various guidelines/suggestions for advancing PCC in the near future.
Gravity Currents Produced by Lock Exchanges: Experiments and Simulations with a Two-Layer Shallow-Water Model with Entrainment

This paper presents the investigation of gravity currents by both laboratory experiments and a mathematical model. Eleven lock-exchange experiments, in which lock position, the initial current height, and density varied, were carried out to test the model validity and to compare laboratory results with previous expressions found in the literature. A two-layer shallow-water model was used to simulate all the runs. This model is new if compared with previous shallow-water models used to simulate gravity currents, because it accounts for both the entrainment and the free surface. A modified Turner's formula is used to model the entrainment between the two fluids. The developed shallow-water models with and without entrainment are also compared, showing a better agreement when mixing is accounted for. Also, the effect of the free surface is shown by comparing the developed two-layer shallow-water model with a free surface and two different single-layer models with a rigid-lid approximation. Laboratory experiments and model simulations, accounting for both the entrainment and the free surface, are in good agreement. Front velocities, measured during the slumping phase, were compared with both predicted ones and previous expressions found in the literature, showing in most of the cases better result when the developed model is used. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000484. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Scholarly Commons @ Baptist Health South Florida Scholarly Commons @ Baptist Health South Florida

Aim : Abnormal daily sleep duration and quality have been linked to hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity& mortality. However, the relationship between daily sleep duration and quality with subclinical measures of CVD remain less well studied. This systematic review evaluated how daily sleep duration and quality affect burden of subclinical CVD in subjects free of symptomatic CVD. Methods : Literature search was done via MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science until June 2016 and 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. Sleep duration and quality were measured either via subjective methods, as self-reported questionnaires or Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) or via objective methods, as actigraphy or polysomnography or by both. Among subclinical CVD measures, coronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured by electron beam computed tomography, Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound on carotid arteries, endothelial/ microvascular function measured by flow mediated dilation (FMD) or peripheral arterial tone (PAT) or iontophoresis or nailfold capillaroscopy, and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) or ankle brachial index (ABI). Results : Subjective short sleep duration was associated with CAC and CIMT, but variably associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED) and arterial stiffness; however, subjective long sleep duration was associated with CAC, CIMT and arterial stiffness, but variably associated with ED. Objective short sleep duration was positively associated with CIMT and variably with CAC but not associated with ED. Objective long sleep duration was variably associated with CAC and CIMT but not associated with ED. Poor subjective sleep quality was significantly associated with ED and arterial stiffness but variably associated with CAC and CIMT. Poor objective sleep quality was significantly associated with CIMT, and ED but variably associated with CAC. Conclusions : Overall, our review provided mixed results, which is generally in line with published literature, with most of the studies showing a significant relationship with subclinical CVD, but only some studies failed to demonstrate such an association. Although such mechanistic relationship needs further evaluation in order to determine appropriate screening strategies in vulnerable populations, this review strongly suggested the existence of a relationship between abnormal sleep duration and quality with increased subclinical CVD burden.
Comparing the Diagnostic Performance of Micro- Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy Versus Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted Biopsy in the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Micro-ultrasound is a novel, high-resolution imaging modality that aims to improve the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnosis compared with TRUS-guided biopsy. While traditional ultrasound systems operate at 8 to 12 MHz, micro-ultrasound operates at 29 MHz, allowing enhanced recognition of microstructures with 300% higher resolution. Micro-ultrasound can potentially identify and target in real-time suspicious lesions, improving sensitivity and the negative predictive value for clinically significant prostate cancer. It may be a low-cost alternative to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the detection of prostate cancer. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed comparing the diagnostic performance of microultrasound- guided prostate biopsies with mpMRI-targeted prostate biopsies in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched to identify relevant studies published up to July 2022. Results A total of 15 studies were included for the systematic review, with 12 of those studies being included for the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for micro-ultrasound-guided biopsies detecting clinically significant prostate cancer were 89% (95% CI 83 to 93) and 31% (95% CI 23 to 40) respectively (I2 = 0%). In comparison, the pooled sensitivity and specificity for mpMRI-targeted biopsies detecting clinically significant prostate cancer were 86% (95% CI 73 to 93) and 32% (95% CI 18 to 50) respectively (I2 = 16%). There was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity or specificity between micro-ultrasound and mpMRI. Subgroup analysis found no difference in MRI subgroups based on blinding (P = 0.383). Conclusion Micro-ultrasound-guided biopsies are comparable to mpMRI targeted biopsies with no difference in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer between the 2 modalities. Large, multicentre, prospective studies are required to further substantiate the use of micro-ultrasound as an alternative to or in conjunction with mpMRI in the detection of prostate cancer.