Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dynamic flame surface density model for large eddy simulation of turbulent premixed combustion

A dynamic formulation for a previously developed coupled fractal–similarity model for large eddy simulation of premixed combustion is proposed. In this formulation, the fractal dimension is obtained dynamically from the resolved scales, leaving the inner cutoff scale, representative for the smallest flame structures, as the only parameter to be prescribed. The fractal model provides an accurate estimate for the mean flame surface, whereas the similarity model predicts its spatial distribution.
Sobczyk's theorem and the Bounded Approximation Property

Sobczyk’s theorem asserts that every c0-valued operator defined on a separable Banach space can be extended to every separable superspace. This paper is devoted to obtaining the most general vector valued version of the theorem, extending and completing previous results of Rosenthal, Johnson–Oikhberg and Cabello. Our approach is homological and nonlinear, transforming the problem of extension of operators into the problem of approximating z-linear maps by linear maps.
Eshelby’s Problem for a Bonded Piezo-elastic Bimaterial

A general method is presented for the analytic solution of Eshelby’s problem concerned with a smooth inclusion of arbitrary shape embedded within the elastic half-plane of a bonded piezoelectric—elastic bimaterial. Since the well-known Stroh formulation, on which almost all existing works on Eshelby’s problem in piezoelectric media has been based, breaks down for isotropic elastic materials, the solutions available in the literature cannot be applied directly. Consequently, the method of solution for the current problem involves a combination of Stroh’s formulation for piezoelectric materials and the well-known Muskhelishvili method for isotropic elastic bodies. The general solution is derived in terms of an auxiliary function which can be constructed using conformal mappings that map the exterior of the inclusion onto the exterior of the unit circle. To illustrate the method, the case of a dilatational inclusion is examined and detailed results are shown for the mean stress within a thermal elliptic inclusion.
The Magmatic Rifting of Santos Basin: Aeromagnetic Mapping of Dykes, Terranes and Marginal Structures and the Interplay Between Tectonism and Volcanism

We present a new magnetic map integrating continental and oceanic features at the Santos Basin, in order to investigate the connection between onshore and offshore tectonics and magmatism at the early stages of rifting. The magnetic and seismic data evidence the offshore continuity of the Florianópolis and Serra do Mar dyke swarms, while the Ponta Grossa Dyke Swarm is interrupted by the marginal structures. This structural relationship brings to evidence a different timing of formation of the Ponta Grossa Dyke Swarm relative to the early opening of the margin. A very high amplitude magnetic lineament ‐ the Santos Marginal Anomaly (SAMA) reaches up to 1,500 nT and trends NE‐SW, with local E‐W inflections forming the Cananéia and Guaratiba Arcuate anomalies. Our modeling suggests that the SAMA can be associated with dykes and syn‐rift extrusive rocks linked at depth to larger magmatic bodies at the proximal and necking domains. Based on the increasing width and amplitude of the magnetic anomalies oceanwards, we propose a mechanism whereby the igneous accretion (i.e., the amount of magmatism) augmented as rifting evolved from continent to ocean, creating a volcanic rift axis. This rift was segmented by crustal discontinuities that probably nucleated on preexisting rheological contrasts, forming tectonomagmatic segments during the early extensional stages. The onshore‐offshore relationships highlight that where there was an agreement between basement fabric and dyke orientation, inheritance may have influenced their emplacement, although it was not a limiting factor for their formation. The regional geodynamics of the Gondwana opening was the first order control on the emplacements of the dyke swarms, with deviations of the magmatically influenced rift by tectonic inheritance.
Pair dispersion statistics and coherent structures

Pair dispersion is studied to model scalar transport in many natural and industrial applications. The link between the particle pair dispersion and coherent flow structures is explored in this work. This was done by kinematically simulating tracer particles in an ideal flow structure [4] extracted from an isotropic turbulent flow. It was found that the variation of the mean and the mean square separation lengths with time were qualitative similar to the results in actual turbulent flows. It was also observed that the quantitative results matched till 4-5 Kolmogrov time units. Ideal structure with two vortices and a shear layer was able to emulate the qualitative results. Is the combination of shear layer and one/two vortices is sufficient or necessary to emulate pair dispersion statistics needs to be studied in the future.
A Visual Analytic Tool (VIADS) to Assist the Hypothesis Generation Process in Clinical Research: Mixed Methods Usability Study

analytic tool for filtering and summarizing large health data sets coded with hierarchical terminologies (VIADS) or other analytical tools routinely used by participants on the same datasets. Methods: We recruited clinical researchers from all over the United States of America and separated them into "experienced" and "inexperienced" groups using predetermined criteria. Within the groups, participants were randomly assigned to a VIADS or non-VIADS groups (control) group. We recruited two participants for the pilot study and 18 for the main study. Fifteen (out of 18) were junior clinical researchers, including seven in the control group and eight in the VIADS group. All participants used the same datasets and study scripts. Each participant conducted a remote 2-hour study session for hypothesis generation. The VIADS groups also had a 1-hour training session. The same researcher coordinated the study session. Two participants in the pilot study were one experienced and one inexperienced clinical researcher. During the session, all participants followed a think-aloud protocol to verbalize their thoughts and actions during data analysis and hypothesis generation. Follow-up surveys were administered to all participants after each study session. All screen activities and audio were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Every ten randomly selected hypotheses were included in one Qualtrics survey for quality evaluation. Seven expert panel members rated each hypothesis on validity, significance, and feasibility. Results: Eighteen participants generated 227 hypotheses, of which 147 (65%) were valid based on our criteria. Each participant generated between one and 19 valid hypotheses during the 2-hour session. The VIADS and control groups generated a similar number of hypotheses on average. It took the VIADS group participants approximately 258 seconds to generate one valid hypothesis; for the control group- it took 379 seconds; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the validity and significance of the hypotheses were slightly lower in the VIADS group, though not statistically significant. The feasibility of the hypotheses was statistically significantly lower in the VIADS group than in the control group. The average quality rating of hypotheses per participant ranged from 7.04 to 10.55 (out of 15). In the follow-up surveys, VIADS users provided overwhelmingly positive feedback on VIADS, and they all agreed (100%) that VIADS offered new perspectives on the datasets. Conclusion: The role of VIADS in hypothesis generation trended favorably with respect to the assessment of hypotheses generated; however, a statistically significant difference was not reached, possibly related to sample size or the 2-hour study session being inadequate. Further characterization of hypotheses, including specifics on how they might be improved, could guide future tool development. Larger-scale studies may help to reveal more conclusive hypothesis generation mechanisms.
Highly Stretchable PPy/PDMS Strain Sensors Fabricated with Multi-Step Oxygen Plasma Treatment

We present highly stretchable polypyrrole (PPy)/polydimethylsiloxane strain sensors of highly improved sensitivity and durability fabricated by a chemical oxidative polymerization with oxygen plasma treatment (O2 PT). In this study, O2 PT was performed for 30, 60, and 90 s at each growth stage of the PPy film in three steps to investigate the effects on the sensor performance as well as the microstructural properties of the PPy films. Bonding characteristics with underlying layers and resistance to microcrack generation of the multi-layer PPy films under our given strained state were significantly enhanced by the O2 PT. The best sensor performance in terms of sensitivity and stability were achieved by PT for 30 s with a maximum gauge factor of ~438 at a uniaxial strain of 50%, excellent durability over 500 stretching/release cycles, and a fast response time of ~50 ms.
A Landesman–Lazer-type condition for asymptotically linear second-order equations with a singularity

We consider the T-periodic problem \begin{gather*}x''+g(t,x)=0,\\x(0)=x(T),\qq x'(0)=x'(T),\end{gather*} where g: [0,T]×]0,+∞[→ℝ exhibits a singularity of a repulsive type at the origin, and an asymptotically linear behaviour at infinity. In particular, for large x, g(t, x) is controlled from both sides by two consecutive asymptotes of the T-periodic Fučik spectrum, with possible equality on one side. Using a suitable Landesman–Lazer-type condition, we prove the existence of a solution.
Spectrum of ballooning instabilities in a stellarator

The recent revival of interest in the application of the ‘‘ballooning formalism’’ to low‐frequency plasma instabilities has prompted a comparison of the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) ballooning approximation with an (in principle) exact normal mode calculation for a three‐dimensional plasma equilibrium. Semiclassical quantization, using the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ballooning eigenvalue to provide a local dispersion relation, is applied to a ten‐field period stellarator test case. Excellent qualitative agreement, and good quantitative agreement is found with predictions from the TERPSICHORE code [D. V. Anderson et al., Int. J. Supercomput. Appl. 4, 34 (1990)] for toroidal mode numbers from 1 to 14 and radial mode numbers from 0 to 2. The continuum bands predicted from three‐dimensional WKB theory are too narrow to resolve.
A Missense Pathogenic Variant in a Conserved Region of CNTNAP2 Is Associated with Obesity, Seizures, and Language Impairment in a Pakistani Family

Introduction: In a consanguineous family, seven siblings born in three sibships showed a syndromic disorder characterized by obesity, seizures, and language impairment phenotypes, which appeared at early age or developed during early childhood. Methods: By whole-exome sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing, a novel homozygous missense variant (c.3371 T>A [p.Ile1124Asn]) in exon 20 of the CNTNAP2 gene was identified. Results: The pathogenic variant in this family is located within one of the laminin G-like 4 domains of CASPR2 and may cause loss of hydrophobic interactions of CASPR2 with its partner proteins. Single nucleotide and copy number variants in this gene have previously been related to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, cortical dysplasia-focal epilepsy syndrome, schizophrenia, Pitt-Hopkins syndrome, and autism spectrum, attention deficit hyperactivity, and obsessive compulsive disorders. Yet, few studies described patients with CNTNAP2 variants showing diet-induced obesity. Conclusion: This report expands the phenotypic spectrum of this rare syndrome and provides deeper insights by documenting the clinical features and genetic findings of the patients.
Differential spectra and phase space densities of trapped electrons at Jupiter

Using Pioneer 10 data, we have constructed differential spectra and phase space densities of trapped electrons at Jupiter. These quantities should assist in calculating synchrotron radiation from these particles and in evaluating the diffusion mechanisms that accelerate the particles. Absorption by the moons Io and Europa is evident, and injection by Io is demonstrated by a density peak in phase space, which demands a local source. There is also a rapid decrease in density between the moons, which could call for either a local loss mechanism or nonlocal losses fed by diffusion.
Asymmetric flows over symmetric surfaces: capacitive coupling in induced-charge electro-osmosis

We report curious asymmetric induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) flows over a symmetric, planar gate electrode under applied ac electric fields, whereas symmetric, counter-rotating rolls are expected. Furthermore, the asymmetric component of the flow is consistently directed towards the grounded electrode. We propose that capacitive coupling of the gate electrode to the microscope stage—a comparatively large equipotential surface that acts effectively as a ground—is responsible for this symmetry breaking. This stray capacitance drives the formation of a double layer whose zeta potential is proportional to the potential drop from the electrolyte directly above the gate electrode to the external stage. Therefore, the charge in this ‘stray’ double layer varies in phase with the driving field, resulting in a rectified, steady flow as with standard ICEO. We experimentally vary the stray capacitance, the electric potential of the stage and the location of the gate electrode, and find that the effect on the stray flow is qualitatively consistent with the predictions of the proposed mechanism. In the process, we demonstrate that capacitive coupling offers an additional means of manipulating fluid flow over a polarizable surface.
Isogeometric analysis and patchwise reproducing polynomial particle method for plates

Isogeometric analysis (IGA) is a framework bridging the gap between Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). So it drastically reduces the error in the representation of the computational domain and the re-meshing by the use of \exact" CAD geometry directed at the coarsest level of discretization. This is achieved by using B-splines or Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS). In order to handle the singularities arising in the PDEs, we construct a novel NURBS geometrical mapping that generates singular functions resembling the singularities. Also, we consider how to use the proposed mapping method in IGA of elliptic problems and elasticity containing singularities without changing the design mapping. For this end, the mapping method is used to enrich NURBS basis functions around a neighborhood of corner singularity so that they can capture the singular behavior of the solutions to be approximated. For a crack singularity, we cut out a singular zone including the crack tip by using Partition of Unity (PU) functions and paste back the image of the parameter space corresponding to the singular mapping proposed. Finally, Reproducing Polynomial Particle Method (RPPM) is one of meshless methods that use meshes minimally or do not use meshes at all. The RPPM is employed for free vibration and buckling of the rst order shear deformation model, called the Reissner-Mindlin plate, and for analysis of boundary layer of the Reissner-Mindlin plate. Also, we demonstrate that our method is more eective than other existing methods in dealing with Reissner-Mindlin plates with various material properties and boundary conditions.
Refinery technology of used cooking oil by utilizing coffee dregs and sugar cane bagasse as raw materials for making antiseptic transparent soap of guava leaf extract

Cooking oil is an important basic ingredient in the frying process with the main function as a medium for conducting heat, adding savory taste, in-creasing nutritional value and heating food ingredients. The massive use of cooking oil also has an impact on the waste produced, namely used cooking oil (UCO), which is more increasing. The sustainable use of used cooking oil can damage health. The aim of this study was to obtain purification of used cooking oil with coffee dregs and bagasse as raw materials for making antiseptic transparent soap with guava leaf extract. Preparation of raw materials, extraction of guava leaves, oil refining process, production of antiseptic transparent soap with guava leaf extract, and sample quality analysis are the stages of research. The data from the analysis was then tested with ANOVA. Purification of used cooking oil using bagasse adsorbent produced oil with a pH value of 6.43-6.86, moisture content of 0.67-0-769%, free fatty acids of 0.301-1.982% and acid value of 2.3-3.490%, while for the type of coffee dregs adsorbent produced oil with a pH value of 6.60-6.83, moisture content of 0.068-0.549%, free fatty acids of 0.292-0.921 and acid value of 1.120-5.850. The antiseptic transparent soap formulation results obtained a pH value of 11.427-13,687, moisture content of 27.78-36.505, foam height of 19-21.5 mm and antiseptic power of 2-12 colonies.
Iron microbial mats in modern and phanerozoic environments

The recognition of iron microbial mats in terrestrial environments is of great relevance for the search for extraterrestrial life, especially on mars where significant iron minerals were identified in the subsurface. Most researches focused on very ancient microbial mats (e.g. BIFs) since they formed on Earth at a time where similar conditions are supposed to have prevailed on Mars too. However, environmental proxies are often difficult to use for these deposits on Earth which, in addition, may be heavily transformed due to diagenesis or even metamorphism. Here we present modern and phanerozoic iron microbial mats occurrences illustrating the wide variety of environments in which they form, including many marine settings, ponds, creeks, caves, volcanoes, etc. Contrarily to their Precambrian counterparts, Modern and Phanerozoic deposits are usually less affected by diagenesis and the environmental conditions likely to be better constrained. Therefore, their investigation may help for the search for morphological and geochemical biosignatures (e.g. iron isotopes) in ancient iron microbial occurrences on Earth but also on other Planets. In particular, many of the case studies presented here show that microstromatolithe-like morphologies may be valuable targets for screening potential biosignatures in various rock types.
Meson-meson interactions in a nonperturbative chiral approach

A nonperturbative method which combines constraints from chiral symmetry breaking and coupled channel unitarity is used to describe the meson-meson interaction up to about 1.2 GeV. The approach uses the O(p_2) and O(p^4) chiral Lagrangians. The seven free parameters of the O(p^4) Lagrangian are fitted to the data. The results are in good agreement with a vast amount of experimental analyses. The amplitudes develop poles in the complex plane corresponding to the f_0, a_0, ρ, K^*, φ, δ and ĸ resonances, the latter two being very broad. The total and partial decay widths of the resonances are also well reproduced. Further extensions and applications of this chiral nonperturbative scheme are also discussed. [S0556-2821(99)05003-1].
The Maximal Urethral Pressure at Rest and during Normal Bladder Filling Is Only Determined by the Activity of the Urethral Smooth Musculature in the Female

The aim of this opinion paper is to determine the entities that define the maximal urethral pressure (MUP) during rest and during bladder filling that is needed to guarantee continence in females. For the development of this opinion, the literature was searched for via the Pubmed database and historic sources. Animal studies indicate that the maximal urethral pressure is determined by the smooth muscle activity in the mid-urethra. Additionally, during increased smooth muscle tone development, the largest sympathetic responses are found in the middle part of the urethra. This could be confirmed in human studies that are unable to find striated EMG activity in this area. Moreover, the external urethral striated sphincter is situated at the distal urethra, which is not the area with the highest pressure. The external urethral sphincter only provides additional urethral pressure in situations of exertion and physical activity. From a physics point of view, the phasic pressure of the external striated sphincter at the distal urethra cannot be added to the tonic pressure generated by the smooth muscle in the mid-urethra. The assertion that mid-urethral pressure is the result of different pressure forces around the urethra, including that of the external striated sphincter, is not supported by basic research evidence combined with physical calculation and should therefore be considered a misconception in the field of functional urology.
Ecotoxicological biotests as tools for continuous monitoring of water quality in dam reservoir

: Ecotoxicological biotests were applied in order to evaluate their suitability as early warning systems in the continuous monitoring of lowland shallow dam reservoirs located in Central Europe. The following biotests were used: Daphtoxkit F™magna, Algaltoxkit F™, Ostracodtoxkit F, Phytotoxkit and MARA Test. The experiment was conducted from July 2010 to December 2012 in Goczalkowice Reservoir (the Vistula River, Poland), serving as a model. For the analysis, 41 out of 52 measured water indices were used to assess its toxicity to living organisms. The results of biotests were correlated with 41 hydrochemical indices of water quality. The pattern of relationships among the result of biotest and hydrochemical indices as well as Factor Analysis (FA) and Primary Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that:
Zonally decoupled direct simulation Monte Carlo solutions of hypersonic blunt-body wake flows

Direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) solutions are presented for the hypersonic flow behind a blunt body in which the wake region is solved in a zonally decoupled manner. The forebody flow is solved separately using either a DSMC or a Navier-Stokes method, and the forebody exit-plane solution is specified as the inflow condition to the decoupled DSMC solution of the wake region. Results are presented for a 70-deg, blunted cone at flow conditions that can be accommodated in existing low-density wind tunnels with the Knudsen number (based on the base diameter) ranging from 0.03 to 0.001. The zonally decoupled solutions show good agreement with fully coupled DSMC solutions of the wake flow densities and velocities. The wake closure predicted by the zonally decoupled solutions is in better agreement with fully coupled results than that predicted by a fully coupled Navier-Stokes method, indicating the need to account for rarefaction in the wake for the cases considered. The combined use of Navier-Stokes for the forebody with a decoupled DSMC solution for the wake provides an efficient method for solving transitional blunt-body flows where the forebody flow is continuum and the wake is rarefied.