Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instability of field-aligned electron–cyclotron waves in a magnetic mirror plasma with anisotropic temperature

Dispersion characteristics have been analysed for field-aligned electron–cyclotron waves (also known as right-hand polarized waves, extraordinary waves or whistlers) in a cylindrical magnetic mirror plasma including electrons with anisotropic temperature. It is shown that the instability of these waves is possible only in the range below the minimal electron–cyclotron frequency, which is much lower than the gyrotron frequency used for electron–cyclotron resonance power input into the plasma, under the condition where the perpendicular temperature of the resonant electrons is larger than their parallel temperature. The growth rates of whistler instability in the two magnetized plasma models, where the stationary magnetic field is either uniform or has a non-uniform magnetic mirror configuration, are compared.
Modeling Friction Factors in Non-Circular Ducts for Developing Laminar Flow

Solutions to hydro dynamically developing flow in circular and non-circular ducts are examined. It is shown that the apparent friction factor based upon the square root of the crosssectional area is a weak function of the shape of the geometry provided an appropriate aspect ratio is defined. A general model which is valid for many duct configurations is developed by combining the developing flow and fully developed flow asymptotes. The new model is simpler than other general models and provides equal or better accuracy. Finally, it is shown that the solution for the elliptic duct geometry may be used to compute accurately, results for 8 singly-connected ducts and 2 doubly-connected ducts, respectively, with an accuracy of ±12 percent. NOMENCLATURE A = flow area, m2 a = major axis of ellipse or rectangle, m b = minor axis of ellipse or rectangle; m C = empirical constant Eq. (15) c = linear dimension, m
Building good starting models for full-waveform inversion using adaptive matching filtering misfit

ABSTRACTWe have proposed a misfit function based on adaptive matching filtering (AMF) to tackle challenges associated with cycle skipping and local minima in full-waveform inversion (FWI). This AMF is designed to measure time-varying phase differences between observations and predictions. Compared with classical least-squares waveform differences, our misfit function behaves as a smooth, quadratic function with a broad basin of attraction. These characters are important because local gradient-based optimization approaches used in most FWI schemes cannot guarantee convergence toward true models if misfit functions include local minima or if the starting model is far away from the global minimum. The 1D and 2D synthetic experiments illustrate the advantages of the proposed misfit function compared with the classical least-squares waveform misfit. Furthermore, we have derived adjoint sources associated with the proposed misfit function and applied them in several 2D time-domain acoustic FWI experiments. Nume.
Swarm intelligence optimization and its application in geophysical data inversion

The inversions of complex geophysical data always solve multi-parameter,nonlinear, and multimodal optimization problems.Searching for the optimal inversion solutions is similar to the social behavior observed in swarms such as birds and ants when searching for food.In this article,first the particle swarm optimization algorithm was described in detail,and ant colony algorithm improved.Then the methods were applied to three different kinds of geophysical inversion problems:(1) a linear problem which is sensitive to noise,(2) a synchronous inversion of linear and nonlinear problems,and(3) a nonlinear problem.The results validate their feasibility and efficiency.Compared with the conventional genetic algorithm and simulated annealing,they have the advantages of higher convergence speed and accuracy.Compared with the quasi-Newton method and Levenberg-Marquardt method,they work better with the ability to overcome the locally optimal solutions.
On The Orders of Automorphism Groups of Finite Groups

In the Kourovka notebook, Deaconescu asks whether |AutG|⩾Φ(|G|) for all finite groups G, where Φ denotes the Euler totient function, and whether G is cyclic whenever |AutG|. Both questions are answered in the negative in this paper. Moreover, |AutG|/Φ(|G|) can be made arbitrarily small. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 20E36 (primary), 20F28 (secondary).
TDS Similarity: Outlier Analysis Using a Similarity Index to Compare Time-Series Responses of Temporal Dominance of Sensations Tasks

Temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) methods are used to record temporally developing sensations while eating food samples. Results of TDS tasks are typically discussed using averages across multiple trials and panels, and few methods have been developed to analyze differences between individual trials. We defined a similarity index between two time-series responses of TDS tasks. This index adopts a dynamic level to determine the importance of the timing of attribute selection. With a small dynamic level, the index focuses on the duration for attributes to be selected rather than on the timing of the attribute selection. With a large dynamic level, the index focuses on the temporal similarity between two TDS tasks. We performed an outlier analysis based on the developed similarity index using the results of TDS tasks performed in an earlier study. Certain samples were categorized as outliers irrespective of the dynamic level, whereas the categorization of a few samples depended on the level. The similarity index developed in this study achieved individual analyses of TDS tasks, including outlier detection, and adds new analysis techniques to TDS methods.
Allium macrostemon whole extract ameliorates obesity-induced inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6N mice

Background Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and a serious health concern worldwide. Various strategies exist to treat and prevent obesity, including dietary approaches using bioactive ingredients from natural sources. Objective This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effect of whole-plant Allium macrostemon (also called as long-stamen chive) extract (AME) as a potential new functional food. Design C57BL/6N mice were divided into three groups and fed either a control diet (CD), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD with AME treatment (200 mg/kg BW daily) for 9 weeks. The mice in the CD and HFD groups were treated with vehicle control. Results AME supplementation reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, fat mass, and adipocyte size. AME suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and fatty acid synthase mRNA expression, indicating reduced adipogenesis and lipogenesis in adipose tissue. In addition, AME lowered inflammation in adipose tissue, as demonstrated by the lower number of crown-like structures, mRNA, and/or protein expression of macrophage filtration markers, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, including F4/80 and IL-6. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was also alleviated by AME administration in adipose tissue. Several phenolic acids known to have anti-obesity effects, including ellagic acid, protocatechuic acid, and catechin, have been identified in AME. Conclusion By suppressing adipose tissue expansion and inflammation, AME is a potential functional food for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity and its complications.
Chirostyloid and galatheoid squat lobsters (Decapoda: Anomura) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, with three new species

ABSTRACT The squat lobster fauna of the Andaman and Nicobar waters, India is known to be represented by more than 40 species from 19 genera and six families. Seven species, including three new to science, collected from six dedicated surveys of the Fishery Oceanographic Research Vessel Sagar Sampada during 2011–2019 are described. Gastroptychus valdiviae Balss, 1913 is redescribed based on the syntype and the newly collected material. Grimothea krishaha sp. nov. and an unidentified species provisionally assigned to Grimothea Leach, 1820 are reported. These two species of Grimothea differ from known congeners in the spination on the carapace, pleon, antennule, antenna and third maxilliped. Examination of the syntype and newly collected specimen revealed that Munida vigiliarum Alcock, 1901 should be transferred to Leptonida Macpherson and Baba in Machordom et al., 2022. Leptonida vigiliarum comb. nov. is here redescribed. Trapezionida aequispina sp. nov. differs from related species in the spination on the carapace, and in the shape and relative lengths of the second to fourth pereopod dactyli. Trapezionida bharuchai sp. nov. differs from related species in the carapace morphology, the presence of a mesial spine on the antennal peduncle second article, and the armature on pereopods. Leiogalathea sp. does not resemble known congeners in morphological aspects, but because of the poor condition of the unique specimen presently available for study, formal description is deferred in the hope that additional material will be collected. With this report, the number of species reported from the region increases to 47. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A82CE9B3-BF67-4282-97DF-20D37CF02464
Dentists’ Perspective on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Utilization of Emergency Dental Services in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study

This cross-sectional study intends to evaluate dentists’ perceptions of COVID-19’s effects on the use of emergency dental care both during and after Kuwait’s lockdown periods. A convenience sample of dentists employed by the Ministry of Health’s various emergency dental clinics and School Oral Health Programs (SOHP) throughout Kuwait’s six governorates were invited to take part in this study. To determine the impact of various demographic and occupational characteristics on the mean perception score of the dentist, a multi-variable model was developed. The study was conducted between June–September 2021, and a total of 268 dentists (61% males and 39% females) participated in this study. When compared to pre-lockdown periods, the overall number of patients seen by dentists had significantly decreased after the lockdown period. After lockdown, there were significantly more cases of acute pulpitis with apical periodontitis, abscesses, and pericoronitis than there were before lockdown (p < 0.05). After the lockdown, a significantly higher percentage of dentists (p < 0.05) reported using fewer droplets-generating procedures to manage patients with dental emergencies. After correcting for the other variables in the model, female dentists (β = 0.146; 95% CI = 0.071 to 1.451) and non-Kuwaiti dentist (β = 0.012; 95% CI = 0.234 to 1.854) had a significantly (p < 0.05) more positive perception of the utilization of dental services than others after adjusting for the other variables in the model. The majority of dentists perceive that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on Kuwait’s use of emergency dental services.
Lexical Access in Spanish-English Bilinguals: Manual Stroop Effect

The Stroop task is a popular paradigm to investigate bilingual cognitive control. The present study, with Spanish-English bilinguals, investigates the degree of automaticity in bilingual language processing and observes the role that proficiency plays in it. With L1 and L2, there is an interference effect in Control and Incongruent condition, and participants always respond faster in a Control condition. Moreover, participants’ performance of using L1 is not better than L2, which is due to the high level of proficiency of participants in L2. Whether the experience of language influence responses, it cannot be concluded through experiments alone. Therefore, language experience cannot affect responses.
The Occurrence Climatology of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles: A Review

Electron density irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere at night are understood in terms of plasma bubbles, which are produced by the transport of low-density plasma from the bottomside of the F region to the topside. Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) have been detected by various techniques on the ground and from space. One of the distinguishing characteristics of EPBs identified from long-term observations is the systematic seasonal and longitudinal variation of the EPB activity. Several hypotheses have been developed to explain the systematic EPB behavior, and now we have good knowledge about the key factors that determine the behavior. However, gaps in our understanding of the EPB climatology still remain primarily because we do not yet have the capability to observe seed perturbations and their growth simultaneously and globally. This paper reviews the occurrence climatology of EPBs identified from observations and the current understanding of its driving mechanisms.
Workplace Bullying among Healthcare Professionals: A Quanti-Qualitative Survey in a Sample of Women Working in an Italian Healthcare Setting

The main objective of this study was to analyze, in a sample of female healthcare workers in Italy, the training needs to improve positive relationships in the healthcare organization. To better understand these needs, perceived workplace bullying and its consequences in terms of professional commitment and well-being were analyzed from a descriptive and quantitative perspective (or mixed-methods analysis). A questionnaire was completed online in a healthcare facility in northwestern Italy. The participants were 231 female employees. The quantitative data showed that, on average, the sampled population perceived a low burden of WPB. The majority of the sample expressed moderate engagement at work and moderate perception of psychological well-being. It is interesting to note that one element seemed to be overarching in the responses to the open-ended questions: communication, which emerged as a problematic element that affects the entire organization. The research data provide useful evidence for intervention in favor of an environment that helps to recognize the phenomenon and intervene in time, offering the possibility of accepting the discomfort and fatigue of healthcare workers and offering useful interventions to the individual and the team.
Time-Series Predictability for Sector Investing

Abstract This study identifies the indicators of sector-level time-series predictability. The results show that investors can expect higher predictability in the more volatile sectors. In the developed markets, price downtrends, lower trading volume, and higher dividend yields indicate stronger predictability. The cyclical and sensitive super-sectors become more predictable as liquidity goes down. Particularly in the cyclical super-sectors, smaller market capitalization and larger term spread also indicate predictability. Sector selection based on the indicators can generate economic benefits.
Investigation of the First African Swine Fever Outbreak in a Domestic Pig Farm in Hong Kong

In this study, we describe the epidemiological investigation of the first African swine fever (ASF) outbreak in a local domestic pig farm in the New Territories of Hong Kong in 2021. In the outbreak farm, several affected pigs presented clinical and pathological signs consistent with ASF, while the remaining pigs showed nonspecific clinical signs or did not exhibit any clinical signs. The relative low morbidity and mortality of ASF on this farm resulted in delayed detection and implementation of the control response. Despite this delay, no further spread of the disease from this farm to other farms or wild boars was observed. The clinical presentation of ASF in terms of morbidity and mortality on this farm indicated that it is essential for effective surveillance aimed at early detection for farmers, veterinarians, and pathologists to be educated about the different ways ASF can express itself in domestic pig populations. Epidemiological investigations consisted of field inspection, interviews with farm personnel to assess the management and biosecurity practices within the farm, and laboratory testing of animal and environmental samples. In addition, the complete genome of ASFV was obtained directly from the tissues of an infected pig to facilitate the epidemiological investigation. The genetic relationship at the whole genome level indicated that the isolate shared the highest level of similarity with genotype II ASFVs, including a 2019 isolate from Guangdong province, China (GD2019). Overall, the information presented here from the on-farm investigation with that from diagnostic testing and molecular analyses provides a basis for informed actions to prevent future incidents in farms with similar characteristics. Furthermore, this study highlighted the need to increase current knowledge about the molecular diversity amongst circulating viruses and potentially trace the source of infection.
Deconstructing Olfactory Epithelium Developmental Pathways in Olfactory Neuroblastoma

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare tumor arising from the olfactory cleft region of the nasal cavity. Because of the low incidence of this tumor, as well as an absence of established cell lines and murine models, understanding the mechanisms driving olfactory neuroblastoma pathobiology has been challenging. Here, we sought to apply advances from research on the human olfactory epithelial neurogenic niche, along with new biocomputational approaches, to better understand the cellular and molecular factors in low- and high-grade olfactory neuroblastoma and how specific transcriptomic markers may predict prognosis. We analyzed a total of 19 olfactory neuroblastoma samples with available bulk RNA-sequencing and survival data, along with 10 samples from normal olfactory epithelium. A bulk RNA-sequencing deconvolution model identified a significant increase in globose basal cell (GBC) and CD8 T-cell identities in high-grade tumors (GBC from ∼0% to 8%, CD8 T cell from 0.7% to 2.2%), and significant decreases in mature neuronal, Bowman's gland, and olfactory ensheathing programs, in high-grade tumors (mature neuronal from 3.7% to ∼0%, Bowman's gland from 18.6% to 10.5%, olfactory ensheathing from 3.4% to 1.1%). Trajectory analysis identified potential regulatory pathways in proliferative olfactory neuroblastoma cells, including PRC2, which was validated by immunofluorescence staining. Survival analysis guided by gene expression in bulk RNA-sequencing data identified favorable prognostic markers such as SOX9, S100B, and PLP1 expression. Significance: Our analyses provide a basis for additional research on olfactory neuroblastoma management, as well as identification of potential new prognostic markers.
Measuring oxytocin release in response to gavage: Computational modelling and assay validation

In the present experiments, we tested the conclusion from previous electrophysiological experiments that gavage of sweet food and systemically applied insulin both stimulate oxytocin secretion. To do so, we measured oxytocin secretion from urethane‐anaesthetised male rats, and demonstrated a significant increase in secretion in response to gavage of sweetened condensed milk but not isocaloric cream, and a significant increase in response to intravenous injection of insulin. We compared the measurements made in response to sweetened condensed milk with the predictions from a computational model, which we used to predict plasma concentrations of oxytocin from the published electrophysiological responses of oxytocin cells. The prediction from the computational model was very closely aligned to the levels of oxytocin measured in rats in response to gavage.
P-V criticality in the extended phase space of charged f(R) black holes in AdS space-time

The criticality and phase transition in the extended phase space of charged f(R) black holes in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-time are studied, where the cosmological constant appears as a dynamical pressure and its conjugate quantity is a thermodynamic volume of the black holes. We take into account three-dimensional and higher-dimensional black holes of the f(R) theory coupled to a conformally invariant Maxwell (CIM) field and find that for a f(R) black hole in three-dimensional space-time, critical behavior cannot occur; for a f(R) black hole in higher-dimensional space-time, no criticality occurs in n = 8 dimensions either, while criticality and the small-black-hole/large-black-hole phase transition appears in n = 12 dimensions. It is shown that the f(R) correction affects the phase transition as well as the critical temperature, volume and pressure. In addition, we also discuss the critical exponents at the critical point for the f(R) black hole in n space-time dimensions and show that they are the same as those in the van de Waals liquid-gas system.
Health-Related Quality of Life Instruments for Clinical Trials in AL Amyloidosis: Report from the Amyloidosis Forum HRQOL Working Group

Abstract Systemic AL (light chain) amyloidosis is a rare protein misfolding disorder associated with plasma cell dyscrasia affecting various organs leading to organ dysfunction and failure. The Amyloidosis Forum is a public–private partnership between the Amyloidosis Research Consortium and the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research with the goal of accelerating the development of effective treatments for AL amyloidosis. In recognition of this goal, 6 individual working groups were formed to identify and/or provide recommendations related to various aspects of patient-relevant clinical trial endpoints. This review summarizes the methods, findings, and recommendations of the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) Working Group. The HRQOL Working Group sought to identify existing patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessments of HRQOL for use in clinical trials and practice deemed relevant across a broad spectrum of patients with AL amyloidosis. A systematic review of the AL amyloidosis literature identified 1) additional signs/symptoms not currently part of an existing conceptual model, and 2) relevant PRO instruments used to measure HRQOL. The Working Group mapped content from each identified instrument to areas of impact in the conceptual model to determine which instrument(s) provide coverage of relevant concepts. The SF-36v2® Health Survey (SF-36v2; QualityMetric Incorporated, LLC) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 Profile (PROMIS-29; HealthMeasures) were identified as instruments relevant to patients with AL amyloidosis. Existing evidence of reliability and validity was evaluated with a recommendation for future work focused on estimating clinically meaningful within-patient change thresholds for these instruments. For sponsors, the context of use—including specific research objectives, trial population, and investigational product under study—should inherently drive selection of the appropriate PRO instrument and endpoint definitions to detect meaningful change and enable patient-focused drug development.