Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultivar and Previous Crop Effects on Methane Emissions From Drill-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice Production on a Silt-Loam Soil

Abstract The effects of cultural practices on drill-seeded delayed-flood rice (Oryza sativa L.) production on methane (CH4) emissions are not well quantified. In Arkansas, rice is produced predominantly on loamy soils following soybean (Glycine max L.) as the previous crop, and hybrid rice has replaced a large percentage of pure-line cultivars in the past decade. Therefore, research was conducted during the 2012 growing season to assess the effects of previous crop (rice or soybean) and cultivar (standard-stature, semi-dwarf, and hybrid) on CH4 emissions on a silt-loam soil. A 30-cm-diameter chamber-based method was used to determine fluxes during the 2012 growing season. When soybean was the previous crop, fluxes were generally lower (P < 0.05) until heading, after which all fluxes decreased until flood release. Seasonal emissions differed based on previous crop and cultivar (P < 0.05). Area- and yield-scaled growing season emissions from rice following soybean were less (127 kg CH4-C ha−1; 13.7 kg CH4-C (mg grain)−1) than when rice followed rice (184 kg CH4-C ha−1; 20.5 kg CH4-C (mg grain)−1). Hybrid rice emitted less (111 kg CH4-C ha−1; 11.1 kg CH4-C (mg grain)−1) than semi-dwarf (169 CH4-C ha−1; 18.3 kg CH4-C (mg grain)−1) or standard-stature rice (186 kg CH4-C ha−1; 21.9 kg CH4-C (mg grain)−1), which did not differ. Thus, results indicated decreased emissions when soybean was the previous crop and when the hybrid cultivar was grown. The incorporation of factors known to influence CH4 emissions (i.e., previous crop, cultivar, and yield) will improve estimates of the carbon footprint of rice.
Remarkable Melting Behavior of PLA Stereocomplex in Linear PLLA/PDLA Blends

The linear PLLA/PDLA blends were prepared by solution mixing method, and the melting behavior and structure evolution of neat PLLA and PLLA/PDLA specimens were investigated in this study. Results indicated that PLA stereocomplex crystallites (sc) preferentially formed in all blends, and the crystal structure of PLA sc and homochiral crystallites (hc) did not vary as molecular weights. The melting temperature of PLA neat specimens (Thm) increased monotonously with molecular weights. However, significantly different from the neat samples, the melting temperature of PLA sc (Tsc) increased at first, then decreased as the molecular weight of polymers increased from 4 to 100 kg/mol. When the molecular weights of PLLA and PDLA ranged from 23 to 50 kg/mol, multimelting behaviors observed at 230 °C in the blends. After annealing at a fix temperature (Tsc – 10 °C), the highest Tsc was observed at 249.9 °C in L32/D31 specimen, which was the highest report value until now. The WAXD and SAXS results attested that not .
Amblygonite-montebrasite solid solutions as monitors of fluorine in evolved granitic and pegmatitic melts

Abstract The distribution of F between amblygonite (Amb, LiAlPO4F)-montebrasite (Mbr, LiAlPO4OH) solid solutions and metaluminous haplogranitic melt has been calibrated at 585 °C and 200 MPa H2O. The partition coefficient for F between the crystalline phase and melt, DFMbr/melt, is linear between 0 to ~10 wt% F in amblygonite, which contains 13 wt% F at the end-member: CFMbr = 3.65CFmelt + 0.07, r2 = 0.995, n = 6. Values of DFAmb/melt decrease sharply above 10 wt% F in amblygonite as the amblygonite reaches saturation in F at 200 MPa H2O. In natural occurrences, however, the vast majority of primary amblygonite- montebrasite solid solutions contain ~4-7 wt% F, well within the linear range of the calibrated exchange reaction, and the montebrasite-bearing assemblages are among the last to crystallize. If the F contents of the montebrasite are magmatic, then these most-fractionated residual melts of the LCT (Li-Cs-Ta, and mostly peraluminous S-types) rare-element class generally contained up to ~1.0-1.8 wt% F near the end of their crystallization. The modest F contents of pegmatites are consistent with the common association of Li aluminosilicates and with the general paucity of topaz in these occurrences. In topaz-bearing granites of Western Europe, however, high-F amblygonite (~10- 11 wt% F) reflects >3 wt% F in melt during crystallization of these magmatic phases.
On Trade, Distributional Conflict, and Endogenous Regime Change

Can we expect shocks in trade openness to affect the quality of the domestic political process, and in what way? Isolating cross-country heterogeneity in the distributional effects of trade shocks for different relative factor endowments as a critical element for theory development, the paper tackles the puzzle by formally developing and solving a new probabilistic model to link the distributional effects of shocks to endogenous institutional change via induced conflict between a capital-intensive and a labour-intensive coalition. The model of distributional conflict combines a political selection stage to select the rate of income redistribution by majority voting and a constitutional conflict stage among factor-intensive coalitions whose steady state outcome determines the level of institutional inequality assigning the “rules“ of political selection. The former is modelled via a canonical weighted median voter setup with the (infinitely many) weights-distributions induced by the value of the steady state outcome of the constitutional conflict stage, while the latter is modelled as a Tullock contest with an endogenous contest success function and the heterogeneous coalition prizes equalling the expected value of the contest to each coalition as a function of the coalitions' efforts. Closed form solutions are derived for (i) the expected outcome of distributional conflict in terms of institutional quality and (ii) the intensity of conflict. Via comparative static analysis based on the Stolper Samuelson theorem in Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory, it is formally shown that positive shocks in trade openness always induce higher institutional inequality irrespective of heterogeneity in the underlying distributional effects, but that the expected mechanisms driving the drop in quality differ across capital-abundant and labour-abundant countries.
What Explains the Benefits of International Portfolio Diversification?

This study uses a large sample of international stocks to examine the sources of the benefits of international portfolio diversification. It finds not only that international diversification outperformed industrial diversification over the past 25 years, but also that the gains from international diversification derive primarily from mitigating market and political risks. Economic risk appears important for investors giving more weight to smaller countries, while financial and inflation risks appear more important to funds limited to large countries. Risks related to the quality of the legal and credit environments seem less important for international diversification.
Financial Analysts’ Response After Corporate Earnings Announcements and Forecast Quality

We create an alternative, simpler definition of analyst forecast timeliness leaders based on their response after the corporate quarterly earnings announcements, examining if these analysts’ forecasts are superior in informativeness and accuracy. Our Earnings Announcement Date Leader classification method of leaders and followers is able to identify superior analysts who provide forecasts of higher quality in all three properties, timeliness, informativeness and accuracy, contrary to prior definitions of timeliness. Furthermore, prior forecast accuracy is positively associated to the forecast informativeness of both leaders and followers, being more important for the former. Our findings are important for investors and other market participants, because they can use the EAD Leader classification to identify superior analysts and, consequently, more informative and accurate forecasts.
Mobile Bank Applications: Loyalty of Young Bank Customers

The purpose of this study is to investigate how young bank customers (YBCs) perceive the rela- tionships between several antecedents (i.e., usability, responsiveness, customer satisfaction, and reli- ability) and loyalty in the context of mobile bank applications (MBAs). An electronic questionnaire was sent to 500 YBCs in Sweden, 146 of whom completed it. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the measurement model, and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that usability is indirectly related to loyalty through responsiveness and customer satisfaction. The study contributes to the literature by developing a usability–loyalty model of YBCs using MBAs.
Determinants of Audit-Firm Profitability and Implications for Key Audit Matter Reporting

We use a novel dataset that links audit-firm and client-firm financial statement information from the U.K.’s largest audit firms to examine drivers of audit-firm profitability and its implications for audit outcomes conveyed by Key Audit Matter (KAM) disclosures. We first explore the determinants of audit-firm profitability and conclude that Big-4 and non-Big-4 audit firms have fundamentally different profitability structures. Big-4 firms earn higher profit margins than nonBig-4 firms. Furthermore, Big-4 profitability increases with client size and complexity, while nonBig-4 profitability is higher for smaller clients and clients with losses. Next, we examine the relation between audit-firm profitability and KAM reporting. We find that more profitable audit firms address more KAMs. However, audit-firm profitability is less likely to affect audit outcomes for loss-making clients (i.e., when auditors are exposed to more litigation risk). Our results are robust to several endogeneity controls such as controlling for client-firm and/or audit-firm fixed effects, employing changes specifications, and using an instrumental variables approach, as well as to examining the external validity of our findings and using alternative outcome measures. Our study presents evidence consistent with theoretical models in economics and empirical evidence in management sciences suggesting that firm profitability positively affects product/service quality.
Permeability of Dry Gases and Those Dissolved in Water through Hydrophobic High Free-Volume Silicon- or Fluorine-Containing Nonporous Glassy Polymer Membranes

This study systematically investigates the oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability of dry gases and those dissolved in water through hydrophobic high free-volume silicon- or fluorine-containing nonporous glassy polymers including poly(trimethylsilylmethylmethacrylate) (PTMSMMA), poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne), 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride-4,4′-(9-fluorenylidene) dianiline, and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene-diamine. The dry state gas permeability coefficient was almost higher than that of the wet state because the effect of the boundary layer, which is the water resistant layer, on the membrane surface depends on the gas permeability in the wet state. In addition, the gas permeability difference between the dry and wet states depends on the combination of competitive sorption between water and gas species and plasticization by water. Carbon dioxide/oxygen permselectivity increased with the decrease in gas permeability, except.
Does Delaware Law Improve Firm Value?

I present evidence that Delaware corporate law improves firm value and facilitates the sale of public firms. Using Tobin? s Q as an estimate of firm value, I find Delaware firms are worth significantly more than similar firms incorporated elsewhere. The result is robust to controls for firm size, diversification, profitability, investment opportunity and industry. Delaware firms also receive significantly more takeover bids and are significantly more likely to be acquired. Firms with strong incentives to choose valuable legal regimes are likely to incorporate in Delaware when they go public. These results suggest that corporate law affects firm value.
Factors related with low back pain and pelvic pain at the early stage of pregnancy in Japanese women

The aim of this study was to clarify the proportion of women with low back and/or pelvic pain (LBPP) and LBPP-related factors at the early stage of pregnancy and to clarify the differences between LBPP-related factors in primiparous women and multiparous women in Japan. 157 pregnant women were recruited. Information about the presence of LBPP, degree of pain by using a visual analog scale (VAS), location of pain, past history of LBPP and background characteristics were collected. Physical status was assessed by the pregnancy mobility index (PMI). The Ethics Committee of Tokushima University Hospital approved the study. The proportion of women who complained of LBPP was 65.6%. PMI score in women with LBPP was significantly higher than that in women without LBPP (p<0.001). The proportions of women with a past history of LBPP before pregnancy and with a past history of LBPP in the previous pregnancy were significantly higher in women with LBPP (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). In women with LBPP, the score of VAS in multiparous women was significantly higher than that in primiparous women (p=0.019). Early management for women with a past history of LBPP before pregnancy and with a past history of LBPP in the previous pregnancy is important. Management for lumbar pain according to parity is needed for health guidance at the early stage of pregnancy. Key words: Pregnancy, first trimester, low back pain, pelvic pain, parity.
Applications of Organic Mass Spectrometry in Structure Identification of an Impurity Compound in Prepared Mangiferin Extracted from Mangifera indica L. leaves

An impurity compound in prepared mangiferin extracted from Mangifera indica L.leaves was isolated by high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC). Its structure was identified by HR-ESI(-)-MS/MS and further confirmed by NMR spectroscopic studies.Based on the spectral data,the molecular structure of the impurity is identified as 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-xanthen-9-one.The fragmentation behaviors of mangiferin and the impurity are proposed.
Reduction of CuO into Cu with Guaiacol as a Model Compound of Lignin with a Homogeneous Catalyst of NaOH

The reduction of CuO with a lignin model compound, guaiacol, is investigated, to develop a new and green method for both Cu smelting and the utilization of lignin. The results showed that CuO can be completely reduced into Cu and guaiacol selectively converted to carboxylic acids such as fumaric, maleic, acetic, and formic acids at a mild temperature of 250 °C. The presence of NaOH has a significant effect on enhancing the reduction of CuO and the selective yield of carboxylic acids. Two possible reaction pathways were proposed for the reduction of CuO with guaiacol. One pathway involves the oxidative decomposition of guaiacol into carboxylic acids. The other reaction pathway proceeds with the polymerization of guaiacol into oligomers, which can be reused for CuO reduction due to their easy hydrolyzation to monomers under hydrothermal conditions.
International Journal of Food Engineering Experimental Study and Modeling NaCl Mass Transfer during Feta Cheese Ripening

The NaCl spatial distribution and model development during two ripening stages of Feta cheese were studied in the paper. The results showed that NaCl spatial distribution of 12 locations for each layer had no significant differences (P>0.05) during the whole ripening, while the values of NaCl spatial distribution of each layer had significant differences (p<0.05) during stage I (from day 1 to day 20) but no significant differences (P>0.05) during stage II (from day 20 to day 60). Based on statistical analysis of experimental data, the power models with three sets of parameters for three layers were developed during stage I, and a sigmoid model was developed for the entire cheese during stage II. The R2 of the four models were 0.975, 0.978, 0.991 and 0.997, respectively. The models had a good fit of experimental values and can be used to predict the spatial distribution of NaCl content in Feta cheese ripening.
Effect of Combined Application of Organic Manure and Fertilizer on Chinese Cabbage Yield and Quality

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that the combined application of organic manure and fertilizer could improve yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. Higher yield and quality of Chinese cabbage were produced when quantity of organic manure was 3 750 kg/667m2 and quantity of chemical fertilizer was 30 kg/667m2. In the treatment, soluble substance, soluble sugar and nitrite content were 6.25%, 45.38 g/kg and 0.557 5 mg/kg, respectively, which were better than other treatments. But there was no significant difference in nitrate. The quality of the treatment conforms to the third level food standard.
Determination of Three Kinds of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides in Radix Pseudostellariae by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry(GCMS) method for the determination of herbicides acetochlor,butachlor and S-metolachlor in Radix Pseudostellariae(Taizishen in Chinese),a widely used Chinese medicinal herb,was developed.The herbicides in the plant samples were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction(ASE). ASE conditions,including extraction solvent,temperature,clean-up reagent,flush volume,static time and static cycle were optimized.The extract was concentrated and then analyzed by GC-MS under select ion monitoring(SIM) mode.The herbicide residues were quantified by internal standard method.The detection limits and relative standard deviations for acetochlor,S-metolachlor and butachlor were 0.16 ng/g,0.05 ng/g,0.18 ng/g,and 2.6%,3.1%,3.9%,respectively.The average recoveries ranged from 80.2 % to 104.1 %. The three target herbicides were not detected in all the samples we analyzed.The method is easy to operation,and with good precision,it is therefore well suited for the routine analysis of herbicides in herb samples such as Radix Pseudostellariae.
Radical Polymerization in the Presence of Chain Transfer Monomer: An Approach to Branched Vinyl Polymers

An approach to branched vinyl polymers through radical polymerization in the presence of 3-mercaptohexyl methacrylate (MHM) as the chain transfer monomer is reported in this paper. In the case of polymerization at styrene100–MHM5.0–AIBN2.0, the molecular weight increased with conversion and reached a value of >7.3 × 105 g/mol at 99% conversion; in addition, the Zimm branching factor, g′, was less than 1 and decreased with conversion, when the formation of the branched chain and development of branching was supposed. The bridging units in the obtained polymer, generating from MHM, were cleaved to yield the primary chains. These results have confirmed the formation of branched polymers. Moreover, this study successful prepared branched poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate). This methodology proposes good prospects for scaling-up and thereby offers a wide range of branched vinyl polymers at low cost.
The effect of repeated bouts of eccentric exercise on some of Biochemical markers of delayed onset muscle soreness

Objectives: The purpose of study was to the investigate effect of repeated bouts of eccentric muscle exercise on some of biochemical markers (Total cholesterol and Creatine Kinase ) of delayed onset muscle soreness. Methods: thirty college males (with mean age of 21.2Â±3.8 years, body mass Index of 22.5Â±1.4 Kg) were selected and divided into two groups randomly. Both groups performed five sets (10 repetitions per set) of the eccentric contractions, at 85% of one repetition maximum (1- RM), experimental group repeated this exercise 48h later. Creatine kinase and Total cholesterol were recorded before and after 24, 48, 72, 96(hr) after eccentric contractions. Results: The repeated bout of eccentric exercise do not show any effects on cholesterol , Creatine kinase values in experimental group(p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the repeated bout of eccentric exercise produces an adaptation such that the muscle is more resistant to damage from a subsequent bout of exercise. Keywords: Eccentric exercise, Delayed onset muscle soreness, Total cholesterol and Creatine Kinase.
GC-MS Fingerprints and Other Physico-chemical Characteristics of Rare Unifloral Prunus cerasus L. Honey

GC-MS fingerprints of unifloral sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) honey were investigated for the first time by GC-FID and GC-MS {after headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE)}. Additionally, other physico-chemical characteristics of the samples were determined (total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and CIE L*a*b*C*h chromatic coordinates). The principal volatile components of the honey headspace were lilac aldehydes (46.0; 50.6%) along with benzaldehyde (18.0; 19.4%). The dominant component of the dichloromethane USE extract was vomifoliol (39.6; 44.9%). The abundant identified compounds may only serve as non-specific markers of the honey's botanical origin since they also occur in other honey types. The honey contained low-moderate amount of polyphenols (209.0 - 309.5 mg GAE/kg) and exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (0.4 - 0.6 mmol TEAC/kg; 1.6 - 1.9 mmol Fe2+/kg).
Tip of the Red Giant Branch Bounds on the Neutrino Magnetic Dipole Moment Revisited

We use a novel method to constrain the neutrino magnetic dipole moment ($\mu_{\nu}$) using the empirically-calibrated tip of the red giant branch I-band magnitude that fully accounts for uncertainties in stellar physics. Our method uses machine learning to emulate the results of stellar evolution codes. This reduces the I-Band magnitude computation time to milliseconds, which enables a Bayesian statistical analysis where $\mu_{\nu}$ is varied simultaneously with the stellar physics, allowing for a complete exploration of parameter space. We find the region $\mu_{\nu} \leq 6\times10^{-12}\mu_{\textrm{B}}$ (with $\mu_{\textrm{B}}$ the Bohr magneton), previously believed to be excluded, is unconstrained after accounting for degeneracies with stellar physics. It is likely that larger values are similarly unconstrained. We discuss the implications of our results for future neutrino magnetic dipole moment searches and for other astrophysical probes.
Determination of three fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) and their migration research in food contact plastic packaging containers and food simulants by UPLC-MS/MS method

In order to determine three fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), including FWA184, FWA368 and FWA 393 in migration solutions of food contact plastic packaging containers, a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method was developed based on the migration tests using food simulants. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear over the selected concentration ranges of 0.03–200 μg L−1 for all three analytes, with calculated coefficients of determination (R2) greater than 0.999. The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) of the method were 0.01–0.03 μg L−1 and 0.03–0.09 μg L−1, respectively. Recoveries were calculated at three levels of concentration spiked in a negative sample. The values were found between 96.1% and 111.4% with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 3.0–6.1% for intra-day precision (n = 6) and 2.6–6.4% for inter-day precision (n = 5). The developed method was applied to study the migration trend of target analytes in different migration temperatures and times, and corresponding migration equations with correlation coefficients more than 0.991 were obtained. Finally, the method was successfully applied to analyze migration solutions of twenty samples and FWA184 was detected only in samples with a concentration 0.57 μg L−1 at 25 °C and 0.21 μg L−1 at 5 °C, respectively.