Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lubrication Film Friction Model for Grooved Annular Seals

Grooved liquid annular seals have a significant influence on the design of turbomachines. Corresponding lubrication film models need to account for the different friction behavior of the grooves compared to plain seals. However, there is a lack of reliable and validated models for this purpose. Thus, the applicability of a friction factor model is explored and a calibration method is presented. A single square groove is investigated by means of 96 steady-state RANS simulations for different operation conditions and groove geometries. The results are used to calibrate the friction model and successfully verify it in terms of the pressure drop over the groove. For validation, two full grooved seals with relatively large square grooves were investigated by experiment. The friction model was incorporated in a lubrication model and compared to the measurement data for the pressure difference and the resulting force for specified leakage and eccentricity. The model predictions for the pressure difference can be considered very good. The force predictions show significant deviation, but can be considered acceptable given the low force magnitudes and measurement uncertainty. The results offer a general validity to our friction model approach, assumptions and the calibration method.
A Possible Paleoindian/Early Archaic Point from Ladyville, Belize, Central America

A biface fragment (JuaD/98/12/1) was recovered in 1998 as a surface find near Ladyville in northern Belize, Central America. Based on morphological and technological criteria, this biface is most likely preceramic and might date to the Late Paleoindian/Early Archaic period (ca. 10,000–8,000 cal yr BP). To distinguish this point fragment from the two lanceolate, Clovis-style bifaces from Ladyville, we have tentatively designated it Ladyville Wide Stemmed.
Thermochemical Treatment of Nigerian Raw Clays for Oil and Gas Drilling Operations

Sodium-based bentonite is used for drilling operations because of its high swelling capacity. This type of bentonite clay is not sourced locally in many oil- and gas-producing nations. However, low-swelling clays (calcium- and potassium-based) are in abundant quantities in most of these countries. Hence, there is a need to convert low-swelling bentonite clays to sodium-based bentonite. The method used to convert low-swelling clays is more applicable to calcium-based bentonite. This research investigated a thermochemical treatment method that converted potassium-based bentonite to sodium-based bentonite. The raw clay materials were sourced from Pindinga (P) and Ubakala (U) clay deposits in Nigeria. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD), an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the raw clay samples. Mud slurry was prepared by mixing 22 g of the local raw clays, 3 wt. % soda ash, and MgO at concentrations between 1 and 3 wt. % and heating at 90 °C. The result showed that the viscosities of samples P and U increased from 6 to 26 and 8 to 35.5 cP before and after thermochemical treatment, respectively. Also, due to the thermochemical treatment, the samples’ yield point, consistency factor, consistency index, and thixotropy behavior were all significantly improved.
Relationships of Arctium lappa community distribution and species composition with eco-environmental factors

By using correlation analysis,canonical correspondence analysis (CCA),and two-way indicative species analysis (TWINSPAN),this paper analyzed the relationships of Arctium lappa community distribution and species composition with eco-environmental factors. No significant correlations were observed between the importance value of A. lappa and eco-environmental factors,suggesting that A. lappa was a widespread specie. The distribution of accompanying species in A. lappa community was positively correlated with relative air humidity,mean annual precipitation,mean annual temperature,and altitude,and negatively correlated with soil organic matter content and sunshine hours. The A. lappa community was zoned into four main production areas,i.e.,Northeast China,Northwest China,Southwest China,and Southeastern coastal area,which was consistent with the records in the Chinese Medical Code.
Microstructural evidence for complex formation histories of amoeboid olivine aggregates from the ALHA77307 CO3.0 chondrite

The microstructures and compositions of olivine and refractory components in six amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs) in the Allan Hills A77307 CO3.0 chondrite have been characterized in detail using the focused ion beam sample preparation technique with transmission electron microscopy. In the AOAs, refractory components (perovskite, melilite, spinel, anorthite, and Al‐Ti‐bearing diopside) provide evidence of a high degree of textural and compositional heterogeneity, suggesting that these phases have formed by disequilibrium gas–solid condensation at high temperatures under highly dynamic conditions. We infer different possible reactions of early‐condensed solid minerals (perovskite and spinel) with a nebular gas, forming diopside with wide ranges of Al and Ti contents and/or anorthite. The progressive, incomplete consumption of spinel in these reactions may have resulted in the Cr enrichment in the remaining, unreacted spinel in the AOAs. In contrast to the refractory components, olivines in the AOAs have equilibrated textures with 120° triple junctions, indicating that the AOAs were subjected to high‐temperature annealing after agglomeration of olivine and refractory components. Because the AOAs consist of fine‐grained olivine grains with numerous pores, the annealing is constrained by experimental data to have occurred for a short duration of the order of a few hours to tens of hours depending on the annealing temperature. In comparison, the effects of annealing on the refractory components are minimal, probably due to pinning of grain boundaries in the multiphase assemblages that inhibited grain growth.
Where Are Landscape Designers' Spatial Abilities in the Brain? An fMRI Study

Background and objective: To effectively understand and communicate their work, landscape designers should possess excellent spatial abilities. Neurological methods have confirmed that activation of the occipital lobe, parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex affect the judgment of space; however, few studies have measured spatial abilities in landscape design. This study aimed to identify the potential role of various brain regions during spatial interpretation processes by landscape designers, particularly the effect of stimulating the frontal lobe on enhancing design capabilities.Methods: This study tested the spatial abilities of landscape designers when transforming a planar drawing into a sectional drawing and the brain regions activated in this process. The subjects were asked to identify the correct option when matching given section lines in a planar drawing. The correct answer rate and response time were used to score brain activation during spatial task processes. A total of 16 valid subjects were divided into high- and low-accuracy groups according to the correct answer rate.Results: The results for the high-accuracy group showed that the left inferior frontal gyrus was activated during spatial design tasks. In contrast, the findings for the low-accuracy group revealed that the left middle occipital gyrus was activated for processing visual information.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the frontal lobe plays a role in allowing landscape designers to make planar to cross-sectional inferences via mental rotations and categorical spatial relations. The findings offer implications for landscape designers in stimulating the frontal lobe and enhancing their design capabilities.
End-to-End Object Detection by Sparse R-CNN With Hybrid Matching in Complex Traffic Scenes

Object detection is an important research topic in traffic scenes. Although object detection based on deep learning has made some progress, it is still a challenge to improve the accuracy of multiple objects in complex traffic scenes. One-to-one matching is the key for Sparse R-CNN to achieve end-to-end object detection, enables detection without non-maximum suppression (NMS) to remove redundant boxes. However, the matching strategy makes the number of learnable proposal boxes assigned as positive samples low, and significantly reduces the training efficiency of positive samples. Therefore, we use a hybrid matching strategy, which combines the original one-to-one matching branch with a new one-to-many matching branch during training to improve the accuracy of detection, and uses the original one-to-one matching during inference, thus maintaining the end-to-end advantages and the same inference efficiency. Meanwhile, we propose the gated channel space attention (GCSA) to build more powerful backbone extraction features, and dynamic space multi-scale fusion (DSMSF) to fuse multi-scale and multi-location spatial information to obtain richer global features. Due to the complexity of the traffic scenes, we not only validate the performance of the model with the KITTI dataset and Mini-COCO-Traffic dataset, but also demonstrate the generalization ability of the model with the COCO 17 dataset and the VOC dataset. The experimental results show that our model improves the accuracy significantly on all four datasets, including 2.4% AP and 2.6% AP.S with a model complexity of 137.8 GFLOPs on the KITTI dataset, and a object detection model with a Resnet50 backbone achieves 62.4% AP@0.5 on the COCO dataset.
Redefining Sports: Esports, Environments, Signals and Functions

—The sports landscape is constantly changing due to innovation and entrepreneurship. The availability of technology led to the emergence of esports and augmented sports. Biofeed-back and sensing technologies can be used for athlete monitoring and training purposes. Research on motor control deals with planning and execution of bodily movements and provides some insights towards formal presentation of sports. Previous research provided many sports categorization models. On many occasions, published articles did not distinguish competitive gameplay activities (gaming) from athletic performance (esports). Our goal was to define esports by extending existing universal sport definitions and propose a novel modular computational framework for categorizing sports through environments and signals. Wehave fulfilled our goals by illustrating how signals flow within competitive (sports) environments. Our esports definition introduces esports as a group of sports similar to motorsports. Moreover, we have defined mathematical foundations for signal processing by various actors (athletes, referees, environments, intermediate processing steps). We have demonstrated that representing sports as a multidimensional signal can lead to the categorization of sports through computation. We claim that our approach could be applied to transfer training methods from similar sports, analysis of the training process, and referee error measurement.Ourstudy was not without limitations. Further research is required to validate our theoretical model by embedding available variables in latent space to calculate similarity measures between sports.
Title A practical approach for the consideration of single pile and pile group installation effects in clay: numerical modelling

In this paper, a practical approach for the consideration of single pile and pile group installation effects in clay is presented using some novel procedures implemented in the finite element (FE) software package PLAXIS 2D. Data reported at a soft clay site at Islais Creek, San Francisco are used to provide calibration for the constitutive model and to validate initial predictions of single pile installation effects. A short parametric study was then undertaken to examine the influence of a number of pile/soil parameters on the soil stresses generated around a single pile after installation and subsequent consolidation. In addition, a new simplified method is therefore proposed to consider group installation effects over-and-above those associated with an equivalent single pile involving the volumetric expansion of tunnels within a plane-strain framework. Remarkably, results show that the installation of additional group piles has a negligible influence after consolidation.
Burst Formation and Burst Assignment to Ingress Nodes in Optical Burst Switching Network Using ABC

- The burst formation & the burst assignment to ingress nodes for the routing purpose are the two concerns in the Optical Burst Switching (OBS) network covered in this study. The proposed research optimized the existing communication state using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) by ranking the ingress nodes. To do so, ABC is supplied with a modified set of fitness functions that repeats itself to validate the list of ingress nodes. The proposed work results in optimal Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, resulting in increased throughput, PDR and reduced delay in the overall network. The suggested work is evaluated against current state-of-the-art methodologies and with other Swarm-based algorithms.
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING SURVEY FOR SHALLOW SITE INVESTIGATION AT UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN CAMPUS SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

A geo-electrical imaging survey was conducted at Abadina area of University of Ibadan, Ibadan, south-western Nigeria for shallow site investigation in order to determine the applicability of 2-D resistivity imaging in studying the weathered profile, which in turn determines how feasible the area would be in terms of erection of structures that will stand the test of time. The area is underlain mainly by augen gneiss with minor intrusion of dolerite dyke. Geophysical survey was carried out using 2-D electrical resistivity imaging technique. The Wenner array was employed. Field data were obtained for eight electrical imaging lines. The field data was subjected to inversion in order to remove geometrical effects from the pseudosection and produce an image of true depth and true formation resistivity. This layer has a range of resistivity from 10 to 100 Ohm-m. Partially weathered basement were observed on some of the traverses with relatively high resistivity anomalies. The image lines depict clearly that the subsurface material differs in terms of their competence. This is reflected in the weathering pattern where part of the image line was showing deeply weathered material towards one side whereas the other side is showing very shallow overburden at less than 2 m. In conclusion, site investigation using 2-D electrical resistivity imaging is an essential step to be taken before the erection of any structure for minimum damage because a balanced interaction of soil and structure is the hall-mark of a successful design of foundation. Further studies such as soil test should be carried out to ascertain the suitability of the soil for future planning of the site.
Besiberris glacigenic rock glacier (Central Pyrenees, Spain): mapping surface horizontal and vertical movement (1993-2003)

A ten-year (1993-2003) geodetic survey was conducted at the Besiberris rock glacier, a tongue-shaped, glacigenic rock glacier, located in the eastern-central Spanish Pyrenees (42o35'48''N, 0o49'20''E). Displacement measurements were made on three traverse lines across the rock glacier and mapped by geostatistical kriging interpolation methods. Surface horizontal velo- city increases from the head to the toe sectors (average values: traverse line A = 8.72 cm yr -1 ; line B = 10.65 cm yr -1 ; line C = 13.35 cm yr -1 ). Velocities are greater at the axis of the rock glacier compared to its lateral margins. In terms of vertical movement, the rock glacier has shown clear thinning of an ice-core. In all three traverse lines, surface lowering has been detected (average values: line A = 5.00 cm yr -1 ; line B = 7.10 cm yr -1 ; line C = 5.27 cm yr -1 ). This general lowering is interpreted as the adjustement of the rock glacier to the climatic ame- lioration (higher temperature, drier conditions and reduced snowfall) observed in the Pyrenean region since the end of the Little Ice Age and accentuated in the last few decades.
Plant Metabolomics: Current Initiatives and Future Prospects

Plant metabolomics is a rapidly advancing field of plant sciences and systems biology. It involves comprehensive analyses of small molecules (metabolites) in plant tissues and cells. These metabolites include a wide range of compounds, such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids, secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids and flavonoids), lipids, and more. Metabolomics allows an understanding of the functional roles of specific metabolites in plants’ physiology, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. It can lead to the identification of metabolites linked with specific traits or functions. Plant metabolic networks and pathways can be better understood with the help of metabolomics. Researchers can determine how plants react to environmental cues or genetic modifications by examining how metabolite profiles change under various crop stages. Metabolomics plays a major role in crop improvement and biotechnology. Integrating metabolomics data with other omics data (genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics) provides a more comprehensive perspective of plant biology. This systems biology approach enables researchers to understand the complex interactions within organisms.
Agronomic performance, seed chemical composition, and bioactive components of selected Indonesian soybean genotypes (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

Abstract The use of improved soybean varieties is crucial when it comes to the progress of soybean cultivation in Indonesia. This study presents the agronomic performance, seed chemical composition, and bioactive components of 12 soybean genotypes grown in Malang, Indonesia. Parameters included the agronomic characteristics, ash, protein, fat, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), genistein and daidzein contents as well as antioxidant activity. The study found that Dena 1, Dering 1, and Deja 1 had the highest seed yield (2.76–2.84 t/ha), while Dega 1 had the largest seed size (24.69 g/100 seeds). The black-seeded genotype of Detam 1 had the highest protein content (39.79% dw), while GH 63 had the largest amount of total daidzein and genistein. Detam 4 (a black-seeded genotype) exhibited the highest values of TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activity. The agronomic characteristics and TPC significantly correlated, suggesting that both traits are applicable as criteria for soybean breeding selection. Detam 4 and GH 63 are likely promising to be used as gene sources for improving the nutritional and health benefits of soybean genotypes. GH 63 and GH 73 also have the potential for further release as new high-yielding varieties with early maturity and large seed size. Overall, the study provides valuable information on the agronomic superiority and nutritional aspects of improved soybean varieties in Indonesia.
Reconfigurable Signal Processing and DSP Hardware Generator for 5G and Beyond Transmitters

The digital front-end of the communication transceivers envisioned for fifth-generation (5G) and beyond requires highly configurable high-performance digital signal processing (DSP) hardware operating at very high sampling rates to accommodate increasing signal bandwidths and support a range of modulation schemes and transmitter architectures. In this article, we present an efficient implementation of a highly configurable DSP hardware generator that can generate high-performance DSP hardware for multiple transmitter architectures including Cartesian, polar, outphasing, and multilevel outphasing modulators. The generated hardware unit, which consists of multistage multirate filters and other required DSP operations, runs at sample rates up to 4 GHz. The hardware supports an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) down to −48 dB and an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 0.78% with a 7-bit phase signal at a sampling rate of 4 GHz for multilevel outphasing modulation. Digital synthesis of the circuit in a 5-nm complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process yields a core area consumption of 0.01 mm2 and an estimated power consumption of 37.2 mW for a 200-MHz bandwidth 5G new radio (NR) baseband (BB) signal.
Cash Waqf Behavior: Explaining Financial Consciousness and The Moderating Role of Religiosity

The role of cash waqf in empowering the economy of Muslims needs to be continuously improved. This study assesses individuals’ behavior towards cash waqf from a behavioral finance perspective by proposing four elements of financial consciousness: financial locus of control, financial capability, financial willingness, and financial sophistication in encouraging cash waqf behavior. This study also investigates the moderating role of religiosity as a Muslim-specific internal factor. Data was collected from a questionnaire of 337 Muslim government employees in the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Indonesia. The Partial Least Square was used to analyze the data. The findings show that financial locus of control, financial capability, financial willingness, financial sophistication, and religiosity have a significant positive influence on individual behavior towards cash waqf. The findings also suggest that religiosity moderates the financial locus of control, as well as financial sophistication, on cash waqf. This implies that initiatives to increase Muslim participation in cash waqf should be embedded in behavioral finance patterns through a combination of financial consciousness and religiosity.
Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Chrysanthemum cv. 'Candid’: Assessing Genetic Variation and Breeding Potential

In this study, we developed a mutagenesis protocol specifically designed for chrysanthemum cv. “Candid” in order to introduce genetic variation. By subjecting chrysanthemum shoots to different doses of physical and chemical mutagens, we successfully generated a total of 24 mutants, each with unique genetic compositions. We observed that the mortality rate was lowest when the shoots were exposed to 10 Gy gamma irradiation and 1.00% EMS. To assess the diversity and relatedness among the mutants, we employed RAPD and SSR markers. The combination of these markers allowed us to construct a dendrogram that effectively categorized the mutant population into distinct clusters based on the specific mutagen treatments. Interestingly, the mutants induced by 10 Gy gamma irradiation exhibited greater genetic diversity in terms of flower colors. On the other hand, mutants created with 1.00% EMS displayed a higher level of variation and yielded more viable mutants. To determine the optimal markers for studying genetic diversity, we analyzed the polymorphic information content (PIC) of different markers. Among the tested markers, OPA-07 (RAPD) and JH47 (SSR) showed the highest PIC values, indicating their effectiveness in capturing genetic variability within the mutant population. Conversely, the PIC values of OPD-07 and JH20 demonstrated the lowest among the markers tested. Our results revealed a percentage of polymorphism ranging from 81.81% to 100% for RAPD markers and 66.66% to 100% for SSR markers. These findings indicate that physical mutation induced by 10 Gy gamma irradiation can be clearly distinguished from chemical mutation induced by EMS at concentrations of 1% and 0.75% in chrysanthemum cv. “Candid. ″ Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the genetic composition of the generated mutants and highlights their potential for enhancing chrysanthemum-breeding programs. The identified markers, particularly, OPA-07 and JH47, can serve as valuable tools for future studies aimed at exploring and exploiting the genetic diversity within the chrysanthemum population.