Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conservative extensions of regular languages

Given a regular expression E and a word w belonging to the language associated to E (i.e. w /spl isin/ L(E)), we consider the following problem: Let the word w' be obtained from w by adding or removing one symbol. In this case, we are interested in building new regular expressions E' such are similar to E and such that L(E) /spl cup/ {w'} /spl sube/ L(E'). The new regular expressions are computed by an algorithm called GREC that performs changes on a finite state automaton accepting L(E), in order to derive the new regular expressions E'. Our method consists in proposing different choices, permitting the evolution of the data belonging to an application. As the final choice depends on the intended semantics for the data, it is left to an advised user.
Coupled magnetodielectric properties of laminated PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3/NiFe2O4 ceramics

Simple multiferroic laminated ceramics of lead–zirconate–titanate PbZr0.53Ti0. 47O3(PZT)/NiFe2O4 were prepared by a conventional ceramic processing. The measured magnetodielectric properties demonstrated strong dependence on the relative thickness of the PZT layers, magnetic bias, and angle between the bias and polarization in the laminated ceramics. Recent theoretical approaches were employed to explain these observed behaviors. The maximum magnetoelectric sensitivity (αE31) of the ceramics samples could reach up to as high as 0.21 V/A at 11.9 kA/m. In particular, at low magnetic bias, the laminated ceramics were found to have a very large magnetoelectric sensitivity linearly varying with the bias.
Cryosurvival of buffalo semen extended in tris-egg yolk supplemented with a combination of different concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene and taurine

Cryopreservation is accompanied with much detrimental premature sperm capacitation, decreased livability and fertility consequences. Taurine is considered as an antioxidant ameliorating the semen value post freeze-thawing. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the impact of Tris-diluent enriched with a mixture of taurine and different concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene on buffalo bull semen preservability. Semen samples were extended in a Tris extender. Variable concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) were set in ethyl alcohol in prewarmed (37oC) test tubes. Then taurine (60 mM) was added into each tube. Extended semen samples were added into the test tubes and put at 37oC for 5 minutes to permit the permeation of BHT into the spermatozoa. The control test tubes were Tris extender with (zero BHT and zero taurine). The test tubes were exposed to the freezing protocol. Semen was assessed and conception rate was carried out. The sperm membrane integrity (HOST) was eminently higher in TTB1 and TTB2 if compared to the control post cooling (Table 1). The post thawing results (Table 2) revealed significant improvement in sperm motility in TTB2 if compared to the control and other concentrations. Alive sperm % was kept in all concentrations as the control. Sperm abnormalities were kept in TTB2 and TTB3 as the control. Sperm membrane integrity (HOST) was significantly improved in all significantly as compared to the control. The acrosomal integrity was kept in TTB1 and TTB2 concentrations the same as the control The conception percent (Table 3) was higher in TTB2. It could be concluded that, the post cooling results exhibited the best semen quality in TTB1and TTB2. The post -thawing results revealed that, most improved sperm parameters and conception rate were in TTB2.
Pore Connectivity of Deep Lacustrine Shale and its Effect on Gas‐bearing Characteristics in the Songliao Basin: Implications from Continental Scientific Drilling

The lacustrine shale of deep Shahezi Formation in the Songliao basin has great gas potential, but its pore evolution, heterogeneity, and connectivity characteristics remain unclear. In this work, total organic carbon analysis, rock pyrolysis, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, the particle and crack analysis system software, low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment, fractal theory, high‐pressure mercury injection experiment and nuclear magnetic resonance experiment were used to study the Shahezi shale from Well SK‐2. The result indicated that the organic pores in Shahezi shale are not developed, and the intergranular and intragranular pores are mainly formed by illite‐dominated clay. As the burial depth increases, the pore size and slit‐shaped pores formed by clay decrease, and dissolved pores in the feldspar and carbonate minerals and dissolved fractures in the quartz increase. The pore evolution is affected by clay, compaction, and high‐temperature corrosion. Based on the pore structure characteristics reflected by the pore size distribution and pore structure parameters obtained by multiple experimental methods, the pore development and evolution are divided into three stages. During stage I and II, the pore heterogeneity of the shale reservoirs increases with the depth, the physical properties and pore connectivity deteriorate, but the gas‐bearing property is good. In stage III, the pore heterogeneity is the highest, its gas generation and storage capacity are low, but the increase of micro‐fractures makes pore connectivity and gas‐bearing better.
ON THE HORN EFFECT OF A TYRE/ROAD INTERFACE, PART II: ASYMPTOTIC THEORIES

Abstract In Part I, it was shown that boundary element method calculations could successfully be applied to determine sound amplification by a tyre/road geometry. However, the computations are expensive, limited to frequencies below 2500 Hz, and provide little physical insight. In Part II, two supplementary asymptotic approaches are developed; a ray theory for high frequencies and a compact body scattering model for low frequencies. When tested on a representative tyre geometry, these methods are found to have excellent predictive capabilities, at frequencies above 3k Hz and below 300 Hz respectively. Furthermore, the ray theory shows that the neglect of curvature in Ronneberger's wedge model (1989 Workshop on Rolling Noise Generation, Institut fur Technische Akustik, Technische Universitat, Berlin ) leads to erroneous amplification levels and interference effects, and the scattering model intriguingly predicts that low frequency amplification increases with belt width independently of the tyre diameter. Lastly, this work confirms the importance of numerical calculations for the intermediate frequencies, where tyre noise is most significant.
Numerical estimation in typical and atypical development : what is the core deficit?

The present thesis focused on those multiple explanations for dyscalculia assuming that this disability could be due to a) a basic numerical deficit affecting the representation and the manipulation of number magnitude (Butterworth, 1999, 2005; Wilson & Dehaene, 2007), b) an access deficit to that number magnitude from numerical symbols (Rousselle & Noel, 2007) or eventually due to c) a deficit affecting a larger magnitude system (Walsh, 2003). Several studies are presented and tested the different hypotheses by comparing children with mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) and typically achieving (TA) children’s abilities to provide approximate answers contrasting symbolic (Arabic numbers) and non-symbolic (pattern of dots) numerical magnitudes as well as continuous (quantity of liquid) magnitudes. Performances of TA adults and adults who had experienced MLD in childhood were also examined. The comparison between adults and children performances provides the characteristic and the longevity of mathematical difficulties and has implications for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of people with MLD.
Analysis Mathematical Problem Solving Ability of Assimilator Student: Kolb Learning Style

Student learning styles affect the problem-solving abilities. Therefore, further studies on student learning styles are needed regarding problem solving abilities. This research aims to analyze students' problem-solving ability with assimilator learning styles. This research is qualitative research using descriptive method. The subjects of this study were two students of class XI MIPA 1 SMA Adhyaksa 1 Jambi City. The students in question are students with assimilator learning styles. The instruments used were Kolb's learning style questionnaire, mathematical problem-solving ability tests, and interview guidelines. Based on the results of tests and interviews on the subject, it was found that, in general, not all indicators of problem-solving abilities can be met by students with assimilator learning styles. However, they are good at formulating, planning, and implementing problem solving. However, not by checking again. In formulating the problem, students do not write it on the answer sheet but can explain it well during the interview. The tendency of students to solve problems theoretically causes students to have difficulty when they do not know the formula to solve the problem.
Holocene wet shifts in NW European bogs: evidence for the roles of external forcing and internal feedback from a high‐resolution study of peat properties, plant macrofossils and testate amoebae

Two conspicuous wet shifts in the peat stratigraphy of Store Mosse in southern Sweden, associated with bog‐wide changes in vegetation and degree of peat decomposition, were analysed at high resolution. The bog‐surface wetness (BSW) proxy data (organic matter bulk density, C/N ratio, plant macrofossils and testate amoebae) highlight the importance of interactions between vegetation composition, microtopography and degree of peat decomposition, and show that the bog system operated consistently during the two wet shifts (dated to c. 2700 and 1000 cal a bp) despite different internal and external conditions. A sensitive bog‐system state, associated with a degraded microtopography and well‐decomposed surface peat with low hydrological conductivity developed during sustained dry conditions, probably contributed to the large BSW amplitudes registered. Comparable bog systems are expected to operate in the same way, and regionally high sensitivity that developed in response to atmospheric circulation changes may partly explain synchronous registration of wet shifts. The wet shifts in Store Mosse were attributed to solar and volcanic forcing, respectively, and wet shifts of similar magnitude registered in other NW European bogs are likely to also have been externally forced.
Dependent Automorphisms in Prime Rings

Abstract For each $n\ge 4$ we construct a class of examples of a minimal $C$ -dependent set of $n$ automorphisms of a prime ring $R$ , where $C$ is the extended centroid of $R$ . For $n=4$ and $n=5$ it is shown that the preceding examples are completely general, whereas for $n=6$ an example is given which fails to enjoy any of the nice properties of the above example.
An Evaluation of Reputation Using Online Auction Data for a Group of American Watercolorists

To understand the relation between artistic reputation and sales prices from popular online auction sites, we analyzed over 3,000 online auction sales of 87 American artists who had expertise in watercolor using the websites eBay, LiveAuctioneers, and EBTH. Traditional indexes of reputation were measured by museum placements, as well as archival holdings, and book references and we also included the number of Instagram mentions. We used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate the relation of reputation with average prices as well as price trends over time, controlling for individual painting characteristics such as size and medium. All of our artistic reputation indicators, including number of Instagram hashtag references, were positively related to the average sales price per artist. Our results extend the literature on the role of artistic reputation to account for social media via Instagram, as well as provide one of the first empirical investigations of popular online art auctions.
Starburst Modeling of M82: Test Case for a Biased Initial Mass Function

We compute starburst models for M82, making use of recent theoretical tracks of stellar evolution. Detailed comparisons of our models and those of others demonstrate this technique to be quite reliable, with relatively little change in output parameters as a function of the selection of theoretical tracks or of estimates of the observational characteristics of the stars along these tracks. The models are matched to the observational constraints for M82 summarized by McLeod et al. (1993). The rate of star formation and time of observation were thoroughly optimized to produce the most favorable fit to the observations, but we still found that the recently proposed forms for the solar-neighborhood IMF cannot produce starbursts adequate to fit the observations of this galaxy. We then explored adjustments to the shape of the IMF to improve the fit to M82. We find (1) the shape of the IMF for high-mass stars need not be different from that observed locally; and (2) the most likely modification to the IMF in M82 is that stars with masses below a few solar masses form much less commonly than in the solar neighborhood.
Healing the Digital Divide With Digital Inclusion: Enabling Human Capabilities

The “digital divide” refers to societal-level inequalities of digital access, capabilities, and outcomes. To explore how the digital divide affects customers experiencing vulnerability, service interactions in essential service settings (health care, education, and social services) were empirically investigated and practices service system members might adopt to address vulnerability were identified. This research upframes the pillars of service inclusion framework to define human capabilities that result from service inclusion practices. Three research topics were addressed: how the digital divide affects vulnerability (RQ1), how the digital divide can be addressed through service inclusion practices (RQ2), and how service inclusion practices enable human capabilities for digital inclusion (RQ3). The findings illuminate: (1) how service employees can engage in service inclusion practices to address the digital divide (by letting go of rules and perspectives, sharing control, providing services beyond job scope, and facilitating social connections), and (2) how these service inclusion practices build human capabilities for digital inclusion (by building basic skills and capabilities for meaningful outcomes through role modeling, coaching, customer-to-customer mentoring, and expanding networks). Contributions include conceptual models of service inclusion practices and fostering digital inclusion that specify a new meso level service organization pathway for healing the digital divide.
A Survey of Morphological Issues in Korean: Focusing on Syntactically Relevant Phenomena

The purpose of this research is to critically review major works on morphological phenomena in Korean and, if possible, to provide a perspective on the study of Korean morphology. We will focus on those issues illustrating interactions between morphology and syntax. Morphology comprises inflection and word formation (i.e., derivation and compounding). Perhaps, some aspects of derivational morphology and compounds are relevant syntactically. They do not seem to be significant, however, in Korean. Therefore, after providing a brief introduction of the literature dealing with morphology and/or syntax, we will zero in on an appropriate treatment of syntactically relevant "little elements". Correct identification of these elements is essential for establishing a solid basis for proper syntactic analyses.
Mentalization-enhancing therapeutic interventions in the psychotherapy of anorexia nervosa: An analysis of use and influence on patients’ mentalizing capacity

ABSTRACT Objective Improvement in patients’ mentalizing capacities is considered a possible mechanism of change in psychotherapy. This improvement might take place via mentalization-enhancing interventions (MEIs) performed by psychotherapists. The study aimed to explore the use of MEIs in two evidence-based psychotherapeutic treatments for patients with anorexia nervosa (enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy, focal psychodynamic therapy) and their association with the patients’ capacity to mentalize in sessions (“in-session reflective functioning” / in-session RF). Additionally, it was explored, if the amount of MEIs used could either predict change in in-session RF or outcome (end of treatment, one year follow-up). Method 84 audiotapes from psychotherapy sessions of 28 patients of the ANTOP-study (three sessions per patient) were transcribed and rated with both the MEI Rating Scale and the In-Session RF Scale by trained raters. Results MEIs were applied in both treatments. A moderate correlation between the amount of MEIs and patients’ in-session RF as well as its change over the course of treatment was found, but no relation to change in BMI or eating disorder symptoms. Conclusion A greater use of MEIs was related to patients’ in-session-mentalizing. However, there seems to be no simple relation between RF as shown in sessions and symptom change.
Transition From Slow to Fast Injection‐Induced Slip of an Experimental Fault in Granite Promoted by Elevated Temperature

The influence of elevated temperature on injection‐induced fault slip is poorly constrained. In this study, at steady‐state elevated temperatures, triaxial shear‐flow experiments on a sawcut fault in granite were conducted to simulate injection‐induced slip of a critically stressed fault. Our results suggest that an elevated temperature favors a more uniform fluid pressure distribution over the fault surface mainly by reducing water viscosity. At temperatures above ambient, a larger perturbation force from the injected fluid is required to reactivate the fault primarily because of the enhanced thermally activated fault healing processes, resulting in a faster fault slip rate upon failure. This study may partially explain the causal link between higher reservoir temperature and higher maximum magnitude of injection‐induced earthquakes in geothermal systems, and the observation that larger magnitude seismic events concentrate near the deeper part of the reservoir, where temperature is higher.
A Precessing Collimated Outflow in the Quadrupolar Planetary Nebula NGC 6881

We present high-quality (subarcsecond) optical narrowband CCD images of the planetary nebula NGC 6881, which reveal a highly collimated bipolar structure. A careful examination of the [N II] image and of the [N II]/[O III] and [N II]/Hα ratio images shows that NGC 6881 is a quadrupolar planetary nebula, that is, a twice bipolar planetary nebula, each pair of lobes having a different symmetry axis. In addition, a striking knotty, looplike structure has been discovered in the southeast extreme of the nebula. Its appearance strongly suggests a precessing jetlike structure. Kinematical information of the different morphological features confirms the proposed nature of this nebula. The bright core is a ring that is collimating the bipolar lobes, while the looplike structure turns out to be a precessing jet. Assuming a simple ballistic model, an age of 7400d yr (d is the distance in kpc) is worked out, which can be compared with the computed age of the inner lobes of 400d yr. The precession period is 3800d yr. An upper limit of the ionized mass ejected (1.8 × 10-5d5/2 M☉) in the precessing jet has also been calculated.
Double Fourier series and boundary value problems

1. Problems in elasticity which are concerned with isotropic rectangular plates have attracted the attention of many writers both from the theoretical and practical points of view. When the boundary conditions are of the simply supported type the solution of the problems is usually simple, although when double Fourier series are used the validity of such solutions is not very clearly shown in most cases. Satisfactory exact solutions for many classical problems in which the edges of the rectangular plate are clamped have only been obtained in recent years, but approximate strain energy methods often gave results which were useful for practical purposes.
Magnetic pulsations from 0.1 to 4.0 Hz and associated plasma properties in the Earth's subsolar magnetosheath and plasma depletion layer

Dynamic spectral analysis covering frequencies 0.1 to 4.0 Hz has been applied to analyze Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers CCE magnetic field data during periods of magnetospheric compressions when the spacecraft sampled the magnetosheath. Ion (H+, He2+) and electron data are used to identify regions, to monitor the upstream shock geometry, and to evaluate moments of the proton distribution. A total of 14 encounters representing 46 hours of observations are analyzed. For quasi-perpendicular shock conditions, two distinctive band limited spectral types are found to characterize the majority of magnetosheath observations: (1) purely compressional fluctuations with F 5 and T⊥p/T∥p of 1.5 whereas EMIC waves occur for βp≤1 and T⊥p/T∥p = 2.5 - 5 (the subscript p denotes quantities evaluated for protons). EMIC waves also occur for higher field strength and lower plasma densities than mirror waves, indicative of EMIC wave occurrence in the plasma depletion layer (PDL). The increased T⊥p/T∥p during EMIC waves relative to periods of mirror waves is due to a decrease in T∥p suggesting that the EMIC wave region has suffered a loss of particles in the parallel direction. A compilation of the temporal sequence of spectral structures shows that EMIC waves occur next to the magnetopause while mirror waves occur outside the region of EMIC waves. We conclude that there is a close relationship between EMIC waves in the sheath and the PDL. Both the density depletion and the increase in temperature anisotropy, Ap = T⊥p/T∥p - 1, are attributed to extrusion of plasma along the draped field lines as plasma flows into the PDL. For quasi-parallel upstream conditions, the magnetic field power spectra often exhibit no band limited structures but only broadband noise. The absence of EMIC wave emissions during quasi-parallel conditions is consistent with predictions that the PDL does not form for radial IMF conditions.
Ecosystem Education with Augmented Reality: A Flexible Tool for In-Field Learning

Field-based learning is central to education in the biogeosciences, but COVID-19 and perennial challenges of large classes, short class times, and crowded schedules make exploration of alternative tools for field education more urgent than ever. Augmented reality (AR) is one candidate, allowing students to visit sites on their own time using a mobile app that guides them through a field trip via geolocationally triggered audio, images, and other media. Research into AR’s pedagogical effectiveness is in its infancy, seldom directly comparing delivery of the same field learning activity via AR versus in person, or investigating AR’s pedagogical value beyond the cognitive domain. To address this gap, we developed an AR version of an existing forest ecology field trip to a Douglas fir forest remnant in Vancouver, British Columbia, in a large undergraduate biogeoscience course, and compared student experiences of both versions. The study showed that AR can overcome obstacles to effective field education in large courses and deliver significant pedagogical benefits compared to conventional field trips, including engagement, enjoyment, flexibility, accessibility, and learning supports. With effective instructions and technological contingency planning, AR can be an effective tool for geoscientific field education and help address some larger pedagogical issues facing higher education.