Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Determinants and Common Factors of Railway and Sovereign Securities during the First Era of Globalisation

Despite substantial research on sovereign securities during 1880-1913, quasi-sovereign railway securities, as second most important avenue for investment at that time, have received little attention. This leaves a wide gap in our understanding on how investors formed and optimised their portfolios of global securities. I use a unique dataset drawn from multiple sources and address three gaps in the literature. First, I analyse the underlying relationship between yield spreads on railway and government securities and explore the existence of any common factors between the two. Second, I argue that country risk influenced investor perceptions on the creditworthiness of railway securities. This is undertaken by categorizing countries under the taxonomy of capital-rich and capital-poor countries. Third, I extend the above argument by investigating the mechanisms through which sovereign creditworthiness affects pricing of railway securities and argue that the spillover of sovereign creditworthiness to yield spreads on railway securities was through the issuance of railway securities carrying a government guarantee.
3.35 Role of Olfaction for Eating Behavior

This article was originally published in The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator.
A new decade for social changes

This study contrasts a publicly available measure of migration fears in the United States with a publicly available measure of geopolitical risk, a barometer of concern about possible disruptions to peace in international relations. The time series analyses performed on information spanning between 1990 and 2019 suggest that a change in migration fears in the U.S. increases the level of geopolitical risk, such that the U.S. appears to perceive migrants as potentially threatening and responds with an aggressive posture in interactions with other nations. The findings of the study are aligned with theories in existing academic literature about fear-induced aggression and intergroup conflict.
A review on Security enhancement in Optical Code Division Multiple Access System

: During the past few decades, the world has seen astonishing changes in the communication system due to advancement in technologies. Communication is a significant part of our everyday life. The increase in usage of multimedia services such as voice, images data, video and data communications requires great transmission capability. In optical communication, the channel (optical fibers) plays a vital role.Here we will discuss a commun-ication system that uses optical fibers. From a security point of view, these quick developments in information services must be secured from attacks. Subsequently, network security concerns have now been increased because of the immense measure of data that streams in a communication media. The exponential development in information throughput on the Internet demands the transmission of sensitive and confidential information over the optical networks. With this development, the possible risks of security of this sensitive data additionally increased as the tapping of the signal from an optical fiber could be effectively done by utilizing then expensive hardware. OCDMA is a technique which can be used to eliminate the problem of multiple user access and traffic growth on the web in optical systems. This paper will review the concepts of OCDMA, including its components, advantages, disadvantages, and different security concerns.
Supplementary Material for Differentiable Convolution Search for Point Cloud Processing

This supplementary material provides further investigations for the proposed PointSeaNet. To be concrete, further analysis experiments are presented in Sec. 2. More details of our network architectures and training parameters are described in Sec. 3. Moreover, additional segmentation results on the S3DIS and ShapeNetPart benchmark are provided in Sec. 4. Finally, we show more result visualizations of shape part segmentation, large-scale scene segmentation and normal estimation in Sec. 5.
Effects of hydrothermal processing on nutritional value of Canavalia ensiformis and its utilization by Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings

Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) is one of the underutilized legumes in animal feed production partly because of its high antinutritional factors. This study investigated the nutritional value of C. ensiformis seed subjected to hydrothermal processing in the diet of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Five batches of C. ensiformis seeds were hydrothermally processed in boiling water (100 ◦C) for 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min, respectively. Proximate composition of the seed showed no significant effect of hydrothermal processing on protein and fat content of C. ensiformis. However, all essential amino acids were significantly affected. The anti-nutritional factor canavanine was not markedly reduced even at 40 min hydrothermal processing. Fifty fingerlings of C. gariepinus (1.07 ± 0.01 g) were stocked in 15 hapas measuring 1 × 1 × 1m3, brought to you b tadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac. uk provided by Elsevier Publish ydrothermal nti-nutritional factor frican catfish labeled in triplicate according to five isonitrogenous diets (35% CP) formulated using the processed C. ensiformis seed at an inclusion level of 27%. The highest body weight gain (2.73 g), specific growth rate (2.26gday−1), feed conversion efficiency (34.11%) and protein efficiency ratio (0.078) were observed at hydrothermal treatment of 30 and 40 min. Hydrothermal processing of C. ensiformis up to 40 min could be exploited in the commercial and on-farm production of catfish diet at 27% level of inclusion. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC
Twin Green and Digital Transitions: Joint adoption of net zero and digital practices by UK SMEs

In this insight paper we assess the so-called “twin” green and digital transition premise. This refers to the potential of digital technologies to facilitate the transition to a sustainable economy. Here, our central focus is whether UK SMEs jointly adopt net zero and digital practices. We draw information from ERC Business Futures Survey of over 1,000 SMEs that was conducted between September and November 2020, as it allows us to identify complementarities-in-use between different types of net zero and digital technologies. Despite all the hype about “twin” green and digital transition, there is remarkably little evidence on whether digital technologies are actually enabling green growth at either macro, meso, or micro level. In this paper, we find evidence of only a handful of complementarities between net zero and digital technologies. First , synergies exist between use of CRM and undertaking of environmental reports and audits , switching to renewable energy, and introducing low carbon products and services . This suggests an increased pay-off for firms that jointly adopt customer-focused digital systems and practices aiming to reduce, measure and showcase environmental impact, especially in addressing customers’ needs and improving firm’s reputation. Firms looking to enhance customer’s experience by making their products or services more environmentally friendly would benefit from digitalising their back-office processes. Second , we find some evidence suggesting synergies between digitalisation (use of e-commerce, accountancy and HR software, video-conference and collaboration tools) and changes in production/ processes to reduce carbon emissions . Finally , our results point out to synergies between advanced digital technologies such as AR/VR and AI/ML and investment in R&D related to the environment . Although the intensity of the synergetic effects is relatively low, this result is still very important because it showcases potential benefits and future development of digitally enabled eco-innovation in UK SMEs. The results also point out on synergies between AR/VR and organisational net zero practices, such as training on environmental matters and low carbon market research .
Leveraging Parents through Low-Cost Technology

We partnered a low-cost communication technology with school information systems to automate the gathering and provision of information on students’ academic progress to parents of middle and high school students. We sent weekly automated alerts to parents about their child’s missed assignments, grades, and class absences. The alerts reduced course failures by 27 percent, increased class attendance by 12 percent, and increased student retention, though there was no impact on state test scores. There were larger effects for below-median GPA students and high school students. More than 32,000 text messages were sent at a variable cost of $63.
INNOVATIVE LEARNING ANALYTICS FOR EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS OF FPI 1 Innovative Learning Analytics for Evaluating Effectiveness of First Principles of Instruction

211 words) In this naturalistic study, we tracked 172,108 learning journeys of students who were interacting with an online resource, the Indiana University Plagiarism Tutorials and Tests (IPTAT) at https://plagiarism.iu. edu. IPTAT was designed using First Principles of Instruction (FPI; Merrill, 2020). Students who used IPTAT were mostly from university and advanced high school courses taught in 186 countries and territories. Instructors expected their students to pass one of trillions of difficult Certification Tests (CT) provided through IPTAT. Each CT assessed student ability to classify samples of writing as word-for-word plagiarism, paraphrasing plagiarism, or no plagiarism—when given original source materials. In 51,738 successful learning journeys, students who had passed a CT viewed an average of 130 IPTAT webpages designed with FPI. In the 120,370 unsuccessful learning journeys, students had viewed an average of 26 webpages designed with FPI. Analysis of Patterns in Time (Frick, 1990) revealed that successful students were about 5 times as likely to have selected webpages designed with FPI when compared with those in unsuccessful learning journeys. These results support the extraordinary effectiveness of First Principles of Instruction for design of online learning in a massive, open, online course (MOOC). These findings further demonstrate the value of an innovative approach to learning analytics, Analysis of Patterns in Time (APT).
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Medical History of Fatally Injured Aviation Accident Pilots

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are popularly prescribed for treating depression, but these antidepressants are not currently approved for use by U.S. civilian aviators. In a 2003 study, 4 SSRIs—citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline—were found in 61 pilot fatalities of civil aviation accidents that occurred during 1990–2001. However, it was not known whether these pilots had had disqualifying psychological conditions, including depression, and had properly reported the use of the antidepressants. The aeromedical history of the pilots was retrieved from the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Medical Certification Database; additional pilot medical information and the cause/factor of the accidents were obtained from the National Transportation Safety Board's (NTSB's) Aviation Accident Database. Fifty-nine pilots had medical records in the FAA's Certification Database. The database did not contain medical records of 2 pilots—1 had never received a medical certificate and another had a Canadian pilot and medical certificate. Although driving under the influence was self-reported by 22 of the 59 pilots during their past aeromedical examinations, disqualifying psychological conditions were self-reported in the past examinations of only 7 (12%) of the 59 pilots, and the use of an SSRI was reported by 3 of the 7 pilots. In later examinations, 6 of the 7 indicated that they were free from the conditions and not taking SSRIs; thus, they were reissued medical certificates. Such conditions and/or drug use were not self-reported in the aeromedical records of the 52 (88%) pilots. Nevertheless, the NTSB investigations revealed that 12 (20%) of the 61 pilots had a history of a psychological condition and/or an SSRI use, as suggested by their personal medical records. Psychological conditions and/or the use of drugs were determined to be the cause or a factor in 19 (31%) of the 61 accidents. These findings reconfirm that SSRIs were used by the aviators but were not reported in their last aeromedical examinations.
Sensitivity of ASTM D7000 Sweep Test to Emulsion Application Rate and Aggregate Gradation

Presented in this paper are the effects of emulsion application rate and aggregate gradation on the performance of chip seal samples prepared and tested according to the ASTM D7000 Standard Test Method for Sweep Test of Bituminous Emulsion Surface Treatment Samples (sweep test). Aggregate loss of the samples was used as a performance indicator for chip seals. Limestone and granite aggregates were tested, and each aggregate type was tested with two gradations. Tests were carried out with three emulsion types: CRS-2, HFRS-2L, and HFRS-2. Each emulsion was tested at three application rates. Samples were tested at two different curing times, 2 h and 6 h. Statistical analysis of the chip loss results revealed that the current sweep test was not sensitive to emulsion application rate in the range tested. Results showed that gradation was a statistically significant factor. Coarse-graded aggregates resulted in high aggregate loss compared with fine-graded aggregates. From the overall results of the study, it is concluded that the current sweep test protocol is not suitable for use as a chip seal design tool because of its insensitivity to emulsion application rate. The test, however, is very sensitive to the combination of emulsion type, aggregate mineralogy, and gradation. It is recommended that the procedure be changed to use aggregate gradations representative of field aggregate. It is also recommended that the sweep test, with minor modifications, be used for evaluating compatibility between emulsions and aggregates and for estimating curing times required.
Title: Comprehensive Phenotyping of Cutaneous Afferents Reveals Rapid-Onset Alterations in Nociceptor Response Properties Following Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex syndrome that has profound effects on patient well-being, including the development of medically-resistant chronic pain. The mechanisms underlying SCI pain have been the subject of thorough investigation but still remain poorly understood. While the majority of the research has focused on changes occurring within and surrounding the site of injury in the spinal cord, there is now a consensus that alterations within the peripheral nervous system, namely sensitization of nociceptors, contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic SCI pain. Here we demonstrate that thoracic spinal contusion injury results in the emergence of autotomy and spasticity, both indicators of spontaneous pain, in areas below the level of the injury within 24 hr of SCI. These behaviors were associated with hindpaw edema and elevated cutaneous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. Electrophysiological recordings using an ex vivo skin/nerve/DRG/spinal cord preparation demonstrated that SCI increased mechanical and thermal sensitivity, as well as the incidence of spontaneous activity (SA) and afterdischarge (AD), in belowlevel C-fiber nociceptors 24 hr following injury. Interestingly, the distribution of nociceptors that exhibit SA and AD are not identical, and the development of SA was observed more frequently in nociceptors with low thermal thresholds, while AD was found more frequently in nociceptors with high thermal thresholds. These results demonstrate that SCI causes rapid-onset of peripheral inflammation-like processes that sensitize nociceptors, which may contribute to the early emergence and persistence of chronic SCI pain.
Impact of Inflation on the Growth of Indian Economy

Inflation and economic growth have one of the most mysterious relationship in economic theory. The appropriate level of inflation required for economic growth is hard to define. This paper uses annual data from 1961-2019 to investigate the causal relationship between inflation and economic growth in India. Time series data has been collected from International Monetary Fund database. The study uses Vector Error Correction Model and Vector Auto-regression Model identifies the short-run and long-run relationship between inflation and economic development. The study concludes that inflation negatively affects the GDP in the short run but maybe a positive association in the long run. Granger Causality test was also performed to calculate the bidirectional relationship. The examination revealed that that inflation does not granger cause GDP growth. However, it also shows that GDP growth does not cause granger to cause inflation as well.
Testing Models of Economic Discrimination Using the Discretionary Markup of Indirect Auto Loans

I am grateful for helpful comments from Robert Adams, Brian Bucks, Benjamin Keys, Brian Kovak, Christopher Palmer, Shanthi Ramnath, and seminar/conference participants at the NBER conferences on Innovative Data in Household Finance and Discrimination in the Financial System, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University, the Society of Government Economists annual conference, the Allied Social Sciences Association annual meeting, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and the Philadelphia Federal Reserve’s biennial conference on Auto Lending. Deepra Yusuf and Christopher Stocks provided valuable assistance in assembling the data.
META-ANALYSISANDTHE PLANNINGOF FUTURESTUDIES

A recent meta-analysis on ability grouping by Kulik and Kulik (1982) was used as an example to demonstrate how a researcher might plan for adequate sample sizes and power in future research. Data sufficient to estimate minimum sample sizes and power were gleaned from the meta-analysis study or obtained from its authors. Distributions of harmonic mean sample size and estimated power were displayed and ranges of estimates for each were presented using effect sizes from the meta-analysis with fixed". Although effect sizes were relatively symmetric about . 10, power and harmonic mean sample sizes were quite skewed. Recommendations for major professors, researchers and journal editors were made to assist in the evaluation and planning of research.
Love marriage in India

In this study, we examine love marriage in India, its trends, the diversity of practices across cultural groups and regions and the relation of love marriage with the educational level of parents and parents-in-law. Using data from the second round of the Indian Household and Development Survey (IHDS) in 2011-12, this study contributes to enriching the still limited literature on marriage in India. Moreover, while previous studies on the topic have mostly been descriptive, we adopt a multivariate, multilevel approach at the regional level and focus on the emancipatory role of education with respect to traditional marriage. Although still marginal, we find that the practice of love marriage is increasing and is strongly entrenched in the cultural system based on caste, religion and region. Moreover, the education of mothers and mothers-in-law is positively associated with love marriage. The effect of mother-in-law’s education on love marriage appears to be particularly strong. This finding may show that although love marriage is an individual process, in contrast to jointly arranged and totally arranged marriage, the family still has an influence. The effect of the education of mothers and mothers-in-law on love marriage also stresses the importance of the gender dimension in marriage studies in India.
Woven Textile Moisture Sensor for Enuresis Alarm Treatment

To improve comfort conditions of the enuresis alarm system, modular humidity sensor should be replaced by textile sensor. During research woven textile moisture sensor was developed and first experiments of signal detection speed were performed. Washed and unwashed samples were tested from both sides of sensor. Measurements of electrical signals were performed with oscilloscope. It is important to know what the actual resistance of a wet sensor is in order to design a proper electrical circuit that controls the state of the sensor. Acquired values of electrical resistance will be used in further sensor circuit design for developing enuresis alarm system prototype. During the design of moisture sensor it is necessary to take into consideration position of electrodes depending on sensor’s configuration and characteristics of textile wettability and moisture management.
Improving Power Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Integrated Role for the Mining Industry?

Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from a severe infrastructure deficit, particularly in the power sector and this is broadly recognised as a barrier to poverty alleviation, economic growth and sustainable development in the region. At the same time, the region is rich in natural resources and the mining sector, which already makes a significant contribution to national economies is currently expanding and this growth is expected to continue. Given the importance of electricity to development, there are a number of organisations and a large body of literature devoted to improving power infrastructure in the region. However, to date, the role of large, politically powerful end-users such as the mining industry is largely unconsidered and this thesis argues that this should change. The mining industry is dependent on a reliable supply of electricity and is likely to take steps to secure this. For this reason, a Resource Dependency Theory conceptual framework was developed from the organisational behaviour literature and used to identify and classify the strategies the mining industry in Zambia and South Africa is adopting to manage its dependence on the electricity sector. Both of these countries are large-scale mineral producers and have a recent history of power supply unreliability. This thesis shows that their mining sectors are actively engaged in power sector development. The mining industry is represented on many of the boards and committees relevant to power, actively lobbies for regulatory change, is influential in sector planning, and often makes a direct contribution to national infrastructure stocks. Internally, Demand Side Management measures within the sector have a significant impact on grid stability. Many of the steps the mining industry is taking are congruent with solutions touted by the power development community, such as regulatory reform, the enhancement of institutional basics within utilities and the encouragement of regional trade in power. It is therefore recommended that the power development community take the mining industry into consideration as it seeks to improve the electricity sector in the region. Possible avenues to do this include taking into account the growth of the mining industry during power sector planning, using the political influence of mining to promote positive change and to enhance DSM measures in the economy. Keywords: Mining,