Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paleomagnetism of Paleocene‐Maastrichtian (60–70 Ma) Lava Flows From Tian Shan (Central Asia): Directional Analysis and Paleointensities

The Tuoyun volcanics from the Tian Shan range (Central Asia) give an opportunity to investigate the variability of the Earth's magnetic field during the Cretaceous and Early Paleogene. In the paper we focus on Maastrichtian‐Paleocene basalts and report new paleomagnetic results from 70 lava flows (respectively 45 directional groups) sampled near Tuoyun village (75.33°E; 40.18°N) from three distinct sections. Combined with previous results, our new data set yields a virtual geomagnetic pole at φS = 180.2°E, ϑS = 49.5°N with an angular standard deviation S=20.8∘|18.8∘23.1∘ (for N = 93 directional groups). The mean inclination Is = 36.2° is indicative of an emplacement of the Tuoyun volcanics at a paleolatitude around 20°N, consistent with the high dispersion k = 14.6 of the directions. Such an inclination value is 10–15° lower than the predictions from the apparent polar wander paths for stable Europe and East Asia. This observation can be partly explained by crustal shortening within the East Asian plate during the India‐Asia convergence, but also needs to invoke a local field anomaly in Central Asia as previously proposed. Our absolute paleointensity experiments conducted on two lava flows and two baked sedimentary layers yield a mean virtual dipole moment of 58.9 ± 6.9 ZA·m2, consistent with the values at 60–70 Ma in the global paleointensity database. Compared to relative paleointensity results during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron and during the Plio‐Pleistocene, the relative variability in intensity—supposed to be a proxy for the geodynamo's activity—estimated here at 31 ± 5% (N = 15) from pseudo‐Thellier experiments possibly corroborates a correlation between geomagnetic reversal frequency and paleosecular variation rate during the past 120 Myr.
Improving Organizational Citizenship Behavior through Job Satisfaction, Leader-Member Exchange, and Work-Life Balance

The research aimed to analyze the effect of leader-member exchange, work-life balance, and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The respondents were nursing staff at a hospital in Indonesia. The sample was 169 respondents, taken using a purposive sampling technique. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method was applied as the data analysis techniques with the application AMOS 22.0. Based on the results, the research finds that first, leader-member exchange and work-life balance have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and OCB. Second, job satisfaction affects OCB positively and significantly. Third, job satisfaction mediates the influence of leader-member exchange on OCB significantly. Fourth, job satisfaction also mediates the effect of work-life balance on OCB significantly. In conclusion, fostering OCB in hospitals is very important to produce better health service performance. The research shows that by increasing leader-member exchange, worklife balance, and job satisfaction, it can improve OCB. Overall, the research presents a significant contribution to the development of research in the field of human resource management and organizational behavior in the health sector in Indonesia.
Ocular Morbidity Pattern and Presentation among Residence of a Semi-Urban Community in Rivers State, Nigeria

Background: Ocular diseases vary in different parts of the world and are influenced by racial, geographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors. The common ocular diseases worldwide are cataract, glaucoma, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, uveitis, refractive errors, pterygium. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Rumuokwuta community in Rivers state. Socio-demographic and clinical presentation information was obtained from an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Distant visual acuity was assessed at 6 m with the Snellen’s chart while near vision assessment was at 33 cm with a Sussex vision R near vision chart. External eye examination was with pen touch while fundoscopy was with direct Ophthalmoscope. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v20. Using descriptive statistics, categorical variables were presented in the form of frequencies and percentages (%) and summary statistics in means and standard deviations (SD). Using inferential Original Research Article Chinawa et al.; AJMAH, 18(8): 14-20, 2020; Article no.AJMAH. 58864 15 statistics, the Chi-Square (X2) test of significance was used to associate categorical variables and a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 114 subjects were examined.The mean age was 41.41± 15.49 years. The male to female ratio was 2:3. About 70.5% and 76.2% respectively in Right Eye and Left Eye had normal vision better than 6/18, while 27.1% and 21.9% respectively in Right Eye and Left Eye had a low vision (VA between 6/18 and 6/60). About 2.6% in either eye were blind. The three most common ocular conditions were Glaucoma (13.95%), Refractive error (13.02%) and Presbyopia (12.56%). Conclusion: The commonest cause of Ocular morbidity in this study are glaucoma, refractive error and presbyopia. The age distribution of a study area was a significantly associated factor in the frequency of visual impairment and blindness.
Determinants of Vietnam Government Bond Yield Volatility: A GARCH Approach

This empirical research aims to identify the relationship between fiscal and financial macroeconomic fundamentals and the volatility of government bonds’ borrowing cost in an emerging country Vietnam. The study covers the period from July 2006 to December 2019 and it is based on a sample of 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year government bonds, which represent short-term, medium-term and long-term sovereign bonds in Vietnam, respectively. The Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model and its derivatives such as EGARCH and TGARCH are applied on monthly dataset to examine and suggest a significant effect of fiscal and financial determinants of bond yield volatility. The findings of this study indicate that the variation of Vietnam government bond yields is in compliance with the theories of term structure of interest rate. The results also show that a proportion of the variation in the yields on Vietnam government bonds is attributed to the interest rate itself in the previous period, base rate, foreign interest rate, return of the stock market, fiscal deficit, public debt, and current account balance. Our results could be helpful in the macroeconomic policy formulation for policy-makers and in the investment practice for investors regarding the prediction of bond yield volatility.
HERBAGE YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS OF DIFFERENT ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA) CULTIVARS

This study was conducted to determine and compare h erbage yield and quality traits of different alfalf a (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars under provincial conditions of Kayseri, Turkey. For this purpose, 16 different al falfa cultivars (Verdor, Özpinar, Verko, Sünter, Kayseri, Sava ş, Gea, Ömerbey, Magna-601, Alsancak, Ba şbağ, Nimet, Bilensoy, Magnum-5, Elçi and Gözlü) were used as the plant ma terial. Experiments were conducted in randomized bl ocks design with three replications in Kayseri province during the growing seasons of 2014-2015. Significant diffe rences were observed in herbage yields and quality traits of al falfa cultivars (p≤0.01). Current findings revealed that plant heights varied between 55.75 84.83 cm, green herbage yiel ds between 5125.80 7388.96 kg/da, dry herbage yie lds between 1349.30 1878.86kg/da, crude protein yields betwee n 243.04 283.44 kg/da, crude protein ratios betwe n 16.57 20.28%, crude ash ratios between 9.41 10.52%, aci d detergent fiber (ADF) ratios between 34.57 42.2 7% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratios between 46.89 55.21% . Gea and Alsancak alfalfa cultivars were found to be prominent for green herbage, dry herbage and crude protein yi elds, thus these cultivars were recommended for Kay seri province and similar ecologies.
DISINFORMATION’S SOCIETAL IMPACT: BRITAIN, COVID, AND BEYOND

Disinformation is widely perceived as a profound threat to democracies. The result is an explosion of research on disinformation’s spread and the countermeasures taken against it. Most research has focused on false content spread online. Yet little research has demonstrated the societal impact of disinformation on areas such as trust and social cohesion. Policy responses are mainly based on disinformation’s presumed impact rather than on its actual impact. This paper advances disinformation research by asking how we can assess its impact more productively, and how research could better inform policy responses to disinformation. It uses examples from Britain between the 2016 ‘Brexit’ referendum campaign and the 2019 General Election, including some preliminary commentary on disinformation during the initial months of the COVID-19 outbreak. First it considers the limitations of existing disinformation research, and how it could address impact more effectively. It then considers how policy responses have been self-limiting by framing the solution as simply reducing the general amount of disinformation online and/or ‘inoculating’ citizens. Instead we argue for an event or issue-specific focus. This culturally-specific, sociological approach considers different forms of disinformation, the hybrid media systems through which they spread, and the complex offline and online social networks through which impact may occur.
Wellbeing Costs of Technology Use during Covid-19 Remote Working: An Investigation Using the Italian Translation of the Technostress Creators Scale

During the first months of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has affected several countries all over the world, including Italy. To prevent the spread of the virus, governments instructed employers and self-employed workers to close their offices and work from home. Thus, the use of remote working increased during the pandemic and is expected to maintain high levels of application even after the emergency. Despite its benefits for both organizations and workers, remote working entails negative consequences, such as technostress. The present study had a double aim: to test the psychometric characteristics of the Italian translation of the brief version of the technostress creators scale and to apply the scale to investigate technostress during the Covid-19 emergency. The research involved 878 participants for the first study and 749 participants for the second one; they completed a self-report online questionnaire. Results confirmed the three-factor structure of the Italian technostress creators scale and highlighted positive relationships between workload, techno-stressors, work–family conflict and behavioural stress. The role of remote working conditions has been analysed as well. The study provided a useful tool for the investigation of technostress in the Italian context. Moreover, it provided indications for practice in the field of remote working and workers’ wellbeing.
Arms Race Between Turkey and Greece: Time-Varying Causality Analysis

An arms race is the dynamic process followed by states in the acquisition of weapons. An arms race requires mutual military expenditures during this process to support the arms race hypothesis among states. This study elaborated on the arms race hypothesis between Turkey and Greece for the period 1960-2016 with the help of time-varying causality testing as well as bootstrap causality testing and asymmetric causality testing. The bootstrap causality test results proved that there is a unidirectional causality relation between Greece’s defense expenditures and Turkey’s defense expenditures, whereas the asymmetric causality testing results proved that a mutual relationship exists between the two states’ defense expenditures. Further, according to the time-varying causality testing results, the presence of an arms race can be confirmed between the two countries for the periods 1975- 1990 and 2000-2014.
Detecting spatial susceptibility to cardiac toxicity of radiation therapy for lung cancer

Abstract Radiation therapy (RT) is a commonly used approach for treating lung cancer. Because the lungs are close to the heart, radiation dose may inevitably spill to the heart, causing heart damage and diminishing treatment outcomes. There is an urgent need to better understand how treatment outcomes are affected by radiation dose spilled to the heart in order to optimize RT planning. However, despite the fact that dose distribution on the heart is 3-D, most existing research collapses the 3-D dose map into a 1-D histogram to be linked with outcomes. This ignores the spatial information. We propose a novel method that automatically searches for subregions of the heart that are susceptible to radiation toxicity, called Toxicity-Susceptible Subregions (TSSs), based on the 3-D dose distribution. We apply the proposed method to a real-world dataset and find TSSs that harbor the sinoatrial node of the electronic conduction system of the heart. Damage of the sinoatrial node by radiation toxicity disrupts the crucial function of the heart, leading to shortening of the overall survival. Our finding suggests that protective strategies may be developed to spare the TSSs, and thus helping RT planning achieve optimal results in treating lung cancer patients.
Economics for (and by) humans

ABSTRACT This essay discusses the nature of, and challenges for, social economics. It begins by exploring how social economics differs from mainstream economics in its goals, definition, and models, and briefly examines the roots of Neoclassical orthodoxy. It then argues that social economists need to take more seriously the human and social nature of our created knowledge. An example from the empirical study of gender and risk preferences illustrates the effects of personal and cultural factors. The essay also argues that social economists have not yet sufficiently challenged the orthodox economics view of the economy as an ethics-free sphere. This view has contributed to increased inequality and a failure to act decisively in response to climate change. A better understanding of where orthodox economics models and methods come from opens up new ways of understanding our search for knowledge and emphasizes the importance of ethics in economic life.
QUALITY STUDY OF FRUITS AND EXTRACTS FROM SIX ROMANIAN SEA BUCKTHORN VARIETIES

Sea buckthorn is currently used as a functional food, dietary supplements, and medicines raw material. Its fruits are a nutritional and therapeutical components valuable source (minerals, micro- and macronutrients, organic acids, amino acids, sugars, saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds). They are perishable because, having a thin epicarp and lacking the protective layer of wax, they easily dehydrate and lose their firmness as a result of postharvest metabolic processes. The study aims to determine how the very low temperature (-18°C), establish for harvesting and long-term storage, affects the fruits quality in six varieties of sea buckthorn. Biometric (mass, size, color) and biochemical parameters (pH, titratable acidity, total soluble matter, sugar content, water content, dry matter, ash, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids) were determined for this purpose. FTIR spectra for different types of extracts of sea buckthorn in the presence of ultrasonication or magnetic stirring were studied. The results indicated that the fruits stored at a temperature of -18°C have retained their nutritional and therapeutic value, and can be consumed immediately after thawing or can serve as a raw material for further processing.
The effects of foliar application of melatonin on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and expression of fatty acid desaturase gene in pistachio seedlings (Pistacia vera L.) under freezing stress

ABSTRACT In this study, the impacts of exogenous melatonin on freezing stress mitigation in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedlings (30-days old) were investigated. Our results showed that in pistachio seedlings under freezing stress antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll degradation, proline and soluble sugar and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content increased. Phenolic component, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and the expression of fatty acid desaturase (FAD2) gene increased whilst ascorbate and glutathione concentration significantly decreased in comparison with control. In this research, application of melatonin significantly reduced the antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA, H2O2, chlorophyll degradation, GABA concentration, soluble sugar, and proline contents under stress condition. In addition electrolyte leakage, PAL activity and transcripts of FAD2 gene markedly decreased when the leaves of pistachio seedlings sprayed with melatonin. The results of this study showed that MEL could alleviate the oxidative damages induced by freezing stress and to maintain the structure and mobility of cell membrane in pistachio seedlings under stress conditions. Considering that MEL is an inexpensive and safe bio-stimulator, it seems that MEL is a potential candidate that could be applied used to increase the resistant pistachio trees against variety of biotic and abiotic stresses in the field conditions.
An automated controlled-release device for intravaginal hormone delivery

Graphical Abstract Summary: We developed and validated an electronically controlled hormone-delivery device for reproductive control of cattle and demonstrated the feasibility of inducing luteal regression by automated treatment with prostaglandin F2α. On-farm use of this automated delivery system might simplify herd management, reduce animal disruption, and enable improved ovulation synchronization protocols.
A video polysomnographic study of spontaneous smiling during sleep in newborns

The objective of the present study was to confirm the link between spontaneous smiling and active sleep in newborns, and to identify the role of the cortex in the generation of spontaneous smiles. A total of 12 healthy newborns born at term and three infants with major congenital abnormalities (two with hydranencephaly and one with a left hemispherectomy) were evaluated by video and polysomnography during a 3‐hr sleep period. Smiles were graded and their association with isolated rapid eye movements and grouped rapid eye movements was analysed. In all, 383 smiles were recorded of which 377 occurred during active sleep. Smiles were shown to be significantly associated with active sleep (p < .0001) and with grouped rapid eye movements (p < .0001). Bilateral smiles were more frequent than asymmetrical smiles. Among asymmetrical smiles, left‐sided smiles were more frequent than right‐sided smiles (p < .0001). Maternal stimulation during active sleep did not increase smiles. Smiling was absent during active sleep only in the infant with total hydranencephaly in whom nearly all cortical tissue was absent. In conclusion, smiling occurs in healthy newborns, almost exclusively in active sleep and is associated with grouped rapid eye movements. In infants with major congenital abnormalities, smiling is abolished only when nearly all of the cerebral cortex is absent. These results support the hypothesis of the role of active sleep in the stimulation of neuronal circuits responsible for spontaneous smiling and emphasise the importance of cortical areas in newborn smiling.
‘It is like learning how to live all over again’ A systematic review of people’s experiences of living with a chronic illness from a self-determination theory perspective

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative evidence exploring the views and experiences of people living with a chronic illness that utilised self-determination theory. Methods: We searched MEDLINE via OvidSP, PsycINFO via OvidSP, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, the journals Qualitative Health Research and Qualitative Research. Studies were included if they used qualitative methods, explored the subjective experiences of people living with a chronic illness and underpinned the analysis with self-determination theory. Results: From 4605 articles, six met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis culminated in a line of argument that patients endeavoured to be ‘free from disease’. People’s desire to live a life free from disease required nurturing their: (1) need to feel empowered (autonomy), (2) perceived ability to self-care (competence) and, (3) their need to feel a sense of belonging (relatedness). Conclusion: This review has highlighted that the majority of studies included in this review focused on the clinical aspects of managing a chronic condition and changing patient health behaviours. This suggests that there is a need for deep reflection on the current practice of caring for patients with a chronic illness. Exploring the lived experience has the potential to unravel the psychological and emotional needs of those living with a chronic illness.
The Effect of Ownership Structure on the Yield Spread of Corporate Bonds

In the recent recession scenario in Brazil, the credit market experienced shortages, reinforcing the search for alternative sources of credit by companies, such as the issuance of corporate bonds. Among the aspects that may influence the yield spread of companies is the presence of family firms and institutional investors in their ownership structure. Therefore, this study aims at verifying whether the participation of family firms and institutional investors—in the ownership structure of companies—has an impact on the yield spread of their bonds. To verify this impact, this study analyzes 171 companies that carried out 385 bond issuances, from 2010 to 2018. The effects of ownership structure are tested by descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple cross section regression with pooled data. The result shows that the greater the participation of institutional investors in the companies’ ownership structure, the lower the yield spread of their bonds.
High-altitude rodents have abundant collaterals that protect against tissue injury after cerebral, coronary and peripheral artery occlusion

Collateral number/density varies widely in brain and other tissues among strains of Mus musculus mice due to differences in genetic background. Recent studies have shown that prolonged exposure to reduced atmospheric oxygen induces additional collaterals to form, suggesting that natural selection may favor increased collaterals in populations native to high-altitude. High-altitude guinea pigs (Cavia) and deer mice (Peromyscus) were compared with lowland species of Peromyscus, Mus and Rattus (9 species/strains examined). Collateral density, diameter and other morphometrics were measured in brain where, importantly, collateral abundance reflects that in other tissues of the same individual. Guinea pigs and high-altitude deer mice had a greater density of pial collaterals than lowlanders. Consistent with this, guinea pigs and highlander mice evidenced complete and 80% protection against stroke, respectively. They also sustained significantly less ischemia in heart and lower extremities after arterial occlusion. Vessels of the circle of Willis, including the communicating collateral arteries, also exhibited unique features in the highland species. Our findings support the hypothesis that species native to high-altitude have undergone genetic selection for abundant collaterals, suggesting that besides providing protection in obstructive disease, collaterals serve a physiological function to optimize oxygen delivery to meet oxygen demand when oxygen is limiting.