Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic profile of the solution to a free boundary problem arising in a shifting climate model

We give a complete description of the long-time asymptotic profile of the solution to a free boundary model considered recently in [ 10 ]. This model describes the spreading of an invasive species in an environment which shifts with a constant speed, and the research of [ 10 ] indicates that the species may vanish, or spread successfully, or fall in a borderline case.In the case of successful spreading, the long-time behavior of the population is not completely understood in [ 10 ]. Here we show that the spreading of the species is governed by two traveling waves, one has the speed of the shifting environment, giving the profile of the retreating tail of the population, while the other has a faster speed determined by a semi-wave, representing the profile of the advancing front of the population.
Deductive Verification of Infinite-State Stochastic Systems using Martingales

Interpretation [51] provides a framework for safely overapproximating the executions of a program P . Abstraction allows for a finite representation (called an abstract element) of potentially infinite number of concrete states of a system by carefully selecting what information to capture by the elements of the abstract domain (and what to “abstracted away”). The goal of abstract interpretation is to infer invariants that overapproximate the set of all possible
$k$-Conflict-Free Coloring of String Graphs

Conflict-free coloring (in short, CF-coloring) of a graph $G = (V,E)$ is a coloring of $V$ such that the neighborhood of each vertex contains a vertex whose color differs from the color of any other vertex in that neighborhood. Bounds on CF-chromatic numbers have been studied both for general graphs and for intersection graphs of geometric shapes. In this paper we obtain such bounds for several classes of string graphs, i.e., intersection graphs of curves in the plane: (i) We provide a general upper bound of $O(\chi(G)^2 \log n)$ on the CF-chromatic number of any string graph $G$ with $n$ vertices in terms of the classical chromatic number $\chi(G)$. This result stands in contrast to general graphs where the CF-chromatic number can be $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$ already for bipartite graphs. (ii) For some central classes of string graphs, the CF-chromatic number is as large as $\Theta(\sqrt{n})$, which is the upper bound for any graph even in the non-geometric context. For several such classes (e.g., intersection graphs of frames) we prove a tight bound of $\Theta(\log n)$ with respect to the notion of $k$-CF-coloring (in which the punctured neighborhood of each vertex contains a color that appears at most $k$ times), for a small constant $k$. (iii) We obtain a general upper bound on the $k$-CF-chromatic number of arbitrary hypergraphs: Any hypergraph with $m$ hyperedges can be $k$-CF colored with $\tilde{O}(m^{\frac{1}{k+1}})$ colors. This bound, which extends a bound of Pach and Tardos (2009), is tight for some string graphs, up to a logarithmic factor. (iv) Our fourth result concerns circle graphs in which coloring problems are motivated by VLSI designs. We prove a tight bound of $\Theta(\log n)$ on the CF-chromatic number of circle graphs, and an upper bound of $O(\log^{3} n)$ for a wider class that contains circle graphs, namely, intersection graphs of grounded L-shapes.
Xenophobic experiences of illegal migrant youths in Musina Town, South Africa

This study sought to close this gap by exploring the xenophobic experiences of illegal migrant youths in Musina town in the Limpopo province of South Africa. Nine illegal migrant youths were purposively and conveniently selected to participate in this study. Data was collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically through the assistance of the Nvivo software. The objective of this study was achieved through the guidance of narrative theory. The findings of the study reveal that illegal migrant youth in Musina Town experience violent attacks and derogatory name-calling from the local citizens. The findings further reveal that illegal migrant youths are experiencing blame-shifting by the local citizens. Harassment in healthcare facilities and employment places is also revealed as xenophobic experiences of illegal migrant youths in South Africa. It is recommended that the South African government should develop educative and awareness campaigns to respond to xenophobia in the country. It is also recommended that the security at the border gates need to be tightened to mitigate the influx of illegal migrants into the country.
Structure and mechanical behavior of lignosulfonate-treated piassava (Attalea funifera) fibers

The use of natural lignocellulosic fiber (NLF) biocomposites for the construction industry has been growing over the years, due to technical and environmental advantages. However, fiber-matrix incompatibility remains a major challenge. Various surface treatments have been investigated to improve fiber-matrix bonding, including sodium lignosulfonate (SLS), a potentially effective and environmentally friendly chemical. In this study, SLS treatment protocols were applied to piassava fibers to evaluate their influence on the fibers. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG/DTG), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), moisture absorption measurements and tensile tests were performed to character - ize the modifications. Results demonstrated, for the first time, the efficiency of SLS to remove extractives from the piassava surface. In general, partial degradation of the cellulosic structure was observed, noticeable by the slight drop in crystallinity index (from 42.80 to 39.82%), and an increase in the TG residual mass (from 21.35 to 31.90%), along with changes in DTG curves. However, a particular SLS treatment using ultrasonic bath was able to fully clean the surface preserving the cellulosic structure, and increasing the strength of fibers (from 386 ± 140 MPa to 524 ± 126 MPa).
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF A CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER-TO-CONRETE DOWEL-TYPE CONNECTION USING THE BEAM-ON-FOUNDATION MODEL

: The aim of the research presented herein is to investigate the mechanical behaviour of cross-laminated timber (CLT)-to-concrete dowel-type connections. For reliable timber-concrete-composite structures, mechanical connections between the two construction materials are of great importance. This paper investigates the nonlinear load-displacement behaviour, giving access to the stiffness and strength, as well as ductile connection failure modes, of a CLT-to-concrete composite connection using a Beam-on-Foundation (BoF) model. The latter is a numerical model that utilizes non-linear springs for the interaction between the fastener and the surrounding CLT and concrete materials. The influence of: (i) fastener diameter, (ii) initial slip, (iii) concrete embedment properties, and (iv) axial fastener resistance due to friction, on the connection shear capacity and slip modulus, was investigated in a parameter study. The nonlinear load-displacement response, connection stiffness and strength predicted by the BoF model were moreover compared to laboratory tests and the European Yield Model (EYM), which supported the validity of the BoF model. In addition, it was shown that the BoF model could enhance the prediction of the slip modulus compared to the current design regulations in Eurocode 5.
Long time stability for the dispersive SQG equation and Boussinesq equations in Sobolev space Hs

Dispersive SQG equation have been studied by many works (see, e.g., [M. Cannone, C. Miao and L. Xue, Global regularity for the supercritical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation with large dispersive forcing, Proc. Londen. Math. Soc. 106 (2013) 650–674; T. M. Elgindi and K. Widmayer, Sharp decay estimates for an anisotropic linear semigroup and applications to the surface quasi-geostrophic and inviscid Boussinesq systems, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 47 (2015) 4672–4684; A. Kiselev and F. Nazarov, Global regularity for the critical dispersive dissipative surface quasi-geostrophic equation, Nonlinearity 23 (2010) 549–554; R. Wan and J. Chen, Global well-posedness for the 2D dispersive SQG equation and inviscid Boussinesq equations, Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 67 (2016) 104]), which is very similar to the 3D rotating Euler or Navier–Stokes equations. Long time stability for the dispersive SQG equation without dissipation was obtained by Elgindi–Widmayer [Sharp decay estimates for an anisotropic linear semigroup and applications to the surface quasi-geostrophic and inviscid Boussinesq systems, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 47 (2015) 4672–4684], where the initial condition [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] plays a important role in their proof. In this paper, by using the Strichartz estimate, we can remove this initial condition. Namely, we only assume the initial data is in the Sobolev space like [Formula: see text]. As an application, we can also obtain similar result for the 2D Boussinesq equations with the initial data near a nontrivial equilibrium.
The minimal flow unit in complex turbulent flows

Direct numerical simulations of spanwise-rotating periodic turbulent channel flow were conducted for three rotation numbers: Rob = 0, 0.2, and 0.5 at a Reynolds number of 8000 based on laminar centerline mean velocity. An additional simulation was conducted at a Reynolds number of 27 000 and rotation number Rob = 0.2 to study higher-Reynolds number effects. In order to determine the proper computational box size for a minimal flow unit (MFU) at Rob = 0.5, spanwise arrays of Taylor–Gortler vortices in the highly turbulent pressure region were examined and complete realization of the vortices was demonstrated to be necessary for accurate MFU turbulence statistics requiring a minimum spanwise domain length Lz = π. An equivalent MFU model produced similar results for Rob = 0.2 but demonstrated decreased accuracy for the higher-Reynolds number simulation. Analysis of pressure statistics also showed that the MFU model could accurately approximate mean pressure but not fluctuating pressure distributions across t.
Nonlinear Waves In Elastic Crystals

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The elastic net: Stability for sparsity methods

In recent years, methods for sparse approximation have gained considerable attention and have been successfully applied to numerous problems in various mathematical disciplines. This work starts by illustrating applications for sparse approximation to introduce the concept of sparsity. Afterwards, the mathematical framework and basic mathematical principles are introduced. Particularly 1 minimization, which is an important tool in the sparsity context, will be introduced as well as available algorithms. This forms a profound background to approach the problem of stability in 1 minimization for ill-conditioned linear equations. It turns out that a tool arising from statistics – the elastic net – promises to attenuate stability problems, while preserving the benefits of 1 minimization. The connection between 1 minimization and the elastic net is discussed. Analytical properties of the elastic net are stated and corresponding algorithms are developed. Numerical troubles of 1 minimization are demonstrated for sample problems as well as the influence of the elastic net. Finally, given all necessary tools, the discussion leads to the highlight of exact-recovery conditions for elastic-net minimization.
Improving maternal knowledge and children's eating pattern by a combination of a booklet and food journaling

Health education is a promising intervention to improve the mother's nutrition knowledge. However, a study focusing on using booklets and food journaling is limited in the literature. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of health education using a booklet and food journaling on the daily nutrition pattern of children. The study design is a pre-experiment pretest-posttest single group design using 19 participants who met the criteria. The participants received intervention one session of health education using a booklet and 14 days of food journaling activity for the children eating patterns. Data analysis used univariate analysis, and Wilcoxon signed rank. The study showed significant differences in maternal knowledge before and after intervention (p<0.05). However, there are no significant differences in children eating patterns (p>0.05). The findings suggest that health education using a booklet and food journaling book effectively increases maternal knowledge but does not change children's eating patterns. Keywords: Health education; food journaling; booklet; eating pattern in children; nutritional status
Revisiting purchasing power parity in BRICS countries using more powerful quantile unit-root tests with stationary covariates

ABSTRACT This study contributes to this line of research by determining whether purchasing power parity (PPP) holds true in BRICS countries (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). We test the hypothesis of PPP in real exchange rate using a more powerful quantile unit-root test with stationary covariates. Our empirical findings indicate a support of PPP for all BRICS countries under study. Our study has important policy implications for the government of the BRICS countries conducting exchange rate policy through PPP.
Nitrogen fertilization and liming increased CO2 and N2O emissions from tropical ferralsols, but not from a vertisol

The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and liming (CaCO3) to improve soil quality and crop productivity are regarded as effective and important agricultural practices. However, they may increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is limited information on the GHG emissions of tropical soils, specifically when liming is combined with N fertilization. We therefore conducted a full factorial laboratory incubation experiment to investigate how N fertilizer (0 kg N ha−1, 12.5 kg N ha−1 and 50 kg N ha−1) and liming (target pH = 6.5) affect GHG emissions and soil N availability. We focussed on three common acidic soils (two ferralsols and one vertisol) from Lake Victoria (Kenya). After 8 weeks, the most significant increase in cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes compared with the unfertilized control was found for the two ferralsols in the N + lime treatment, with five to six times higher CO2 fluxes than the control. The δ13C signature of soil‐emitted CO2 revealed that for the ferralsols, liming (i.e. the addition of CaCO3) was the dominant source of CO2, followed by urea (N fertilization), whereas no significant effect of liming or of N fertilization on CO2 flux was found for the vertisol. In addition, the N2O fluxes were most significantly increased by the high N + lime treatment in the two ferralsols, with four times and 13 times greater N2O flux than that of the control. No treatment effects on N2O fluxes were observed for the vertisol. Liming in combination with N fertilization significantly increased the final nitrate content by 14.5%–39% compared with N fertilization alone in all treatment combinations and soils. We conclude that consideration should be given to the GHG budgets of agricultural ferralsols since liming is associated with high liming‐induced CO2 and N2O emissions. Therefore, nature‐based and sustainable sources should be explored as an alternative to liming in order to manage the pH and the associated fertility of acidic tropical soils.
Augmented multi-head classification network: MHATT

Classification of one-dimensional (1D) data is important for a variety of complex problems. From the finance industry to audio processing to the medical field, there are many industries that utilize 1D data. Machine learning techniques have excelled at solving these classification problems, but there is still room for improvement because the techniques have not been perfected. This paper proposes a novel architecture called Multi-Head Augmented Temporal Transformer (MHATT) for 1D classification of time-series data. Highly modified vision transformers were used to improve performance while keeping the network exceptionally efficient. To showcase its efficacy, the network is applied to heartbeat classification using the MIT-BIH OSCAR dataset. This dataset was ethically-split to ensure a fair and intensive test for networks. The novel architecture is 94.6% more efficient and had a peak accuracy of 91.79%, which was a 13.6% reduction in error over a recent state-of-the-art network. The impressive performance and efficiency of the MHATT architecture can be exploited by edge devices for unmatched performance and flexibility of deployment.
Circularly Polarized Ka-Band High-Gain Antenna Using Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide and 3-D-Printing Technology

A low-cost high-gain circularly polarized antenna is proposed, the proposed antenna achieves a gain of 20 dBi and an axial ratio bandwidth of 6.5%. The proposed antenna is extremely low in cost as it uses printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) technology. The use of PRGW technology suppresses the parasitic and back-lobe radiation from the feed, which maintains neat radiation characteristics for the radiating antenna. The structure is made of a magnetoelectric (ME) dipole, which illuminates a set of adjacent dielectric slabs. The diffracted fields from the edges of the dielectric slabs add up constructively with the ME dipole radiated fields in the boresight and boost the gain of the ME dipole. Accordingly, the antenna structure relaxes the need for designing a feeding network by utilizing the diffracted fields from dielectric slabs edges. A 3-D-printed dielectric polarizer is used to further boost the gain and transform the polarization of the antenna to circular polarization. The antenna possesses a focused pencil-beam pattern that is well-suited for several millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications.
Kelly’s Circle of Safety and Healing: An Extended Schema Therapy Narrative and Interpretative Investigation

This is a narrative case study of the psychotherapy of Kelly (pseudonym) that describes processes that took place within the last 17 sessions of a longer therapy of 67 sessions over a period of 26 months. A phenomenologically grounded and coherent account takes readers on an experiential journey that enables them to live through aspects of the process at least partially. These processes began in session 52 in which Kelly saw an image of a circle of caring people within which a series of child parts of herself were able to find a sense of safety and holding. Over the course of the sessions, eight different child parts approached and eventually entered the circle, each representing a different dissociated set of early schema patterns, each with its own related emotional distress. Through dialogue work and imagery rescripting, the predicament of each child and her unmet needs were brought into focus. This served as the basis for providing corrective emotional experiences that led to the child parts feeling able to voluntarily step into the circle. The material serves as the basis for theoretical-interpretative investigations with a focus on the phenomenology of memory and transformation in experiential psychotherapy. This is organized under several themes: (1) complexes, schemas, and internal working models; (2) autobiographical memory and the working self; (3) the “theater of consciousness” and the “theater of the imagination”; (4) understanding the figures that entered Kelly’s healing circle; (5) how far back can we remember? (6) reparenting, corrective experiences, and imagery rescripting; and (7) coping decisions and demanding and punitive features in coping modes. A brief conclusion aims to contribute to our understanding of the phenomenology of corrective experiences and psychological transformation.
A compact non-differential approach for modeling laser ablation plasma dynamics

Various differentiable physical models are frequently used to describe the dynamics of laser-produced plasma plumes (e.g., kinetic models, two-fluid models, etc.). Given the complexity of all the phenomena involved in the laser-matter interactions, it is required to introduce the laser ablation plasma dynamic variable dependencies both on the space-time coordinates and on the resolution scales. Therefore, an adequate theoretical approach may be the use of non-differentiable physical models (fractal models). Continuing our previous work on the fractal hydrodynamic model for laser ablation plasma dynamics, we propose here a compact version for the analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of some plasma dynamic variables, such as velocities, currents, number densities, or temperatures. Moreover, the influence of external factors on the ablation plasma dynamics is considered. The predictions of this model are compared with the experimental data obtained by using a Langmuir probe on an Aluminum laser-pro.
T-Reich contraction and fixed point results in cone metric spaces with c-distance

In this paper, we introduce the T-Reich contraction under the concept of c-distance in cone metric spaces. Then, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the fixed point in some type of mappings which satisfy the T-Reich contraction under the concept of c-distance in cone metric spaces. The presented theorem extends and generalizes several well-known comparable results in literature.
Forced linear oscillators and the dynamics of Euclidean group extensions

We study the generic dynamical behaviour of skew-product extensions generated by cocycles arising from equations of forced linear oscillators of special form. This work extends our earlier work on cocycles into compact Lie groups arising from differential equations of special form, (cf. [21]), to the case of non-compact fiber groups of Euclidean type. The earlier techniques do not work in the non-compact case. In the non-compact case one of the main obstacle is the lack of `recurrence'. Thus, our approach to studying Euclidean group extensions is : (i) first, to use a `twisted version' of the so called `conjugation approximation method' and then (ii) to use `geometric-control theoretic methods' developed in our earlier work (cf. [20] and [21]). Even then, our arguments only work for base flows that admit a global Poincae section, (e.g. for the irrational rotation flows on tori and for certain nil flows). We apply these results to study generic spectral behaviour of the forced quantum harmonic oscillator with time dependent stationary force restricted to satisfy given constraints.
SOLVING DIFFERENTIAL ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS FOR SLIDER-CRANK MECHANISMS

The paper deals with the simulation of dynamical models of constrained multibody systems which can be formulated as a set of Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs). We consider the general dynamical model resulting from Euler-Lagrange formulation. We investigate the solution with the index reduction method. We illustrate our analysis by the example of the slider-crank mechanism. Among many possible representations, we derive a dynamical model based on two variables offering an easier analysis and implementation. We solve the DAE problem with a Matlab function (ode15s) which is dedicated to solve stiff Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). Concordant simulation results have been obtained in comparison to other methods proving an acceptable stability and accuracy of the used method for solving this problem.