Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Two-Phase Flow Characteristics in Nuclear Power Equipment

Two-phase flow exits in many nuclear power equipments, such as containment sump strainer, steam generator, steam turbine, control rod drive mechanism and so on. Experimental investigations are carried out to study the two-phase flow patterns and their transitions in these nuclear power equipments. And the results show that the two-phase flow patterns and their transitions are quite different from those in normal circular tubes.
Mass Media in Perspective of Parents Preschoolers in Kendari

This study aims to: 1) know the types of mass media accessed by preschoolers, 2) to know the behavioral development of preschool children, 3) to know the attitude of parents to the mass media for the development of preschool behavior. This research was conducted in Kendari of Southeast Sulawesi. This study used a case study method, respondents are parents who have preschool children who are considered in accordance of 10 people. Data were obtained with structured interview techniques in the elderly and observation in their children with age range of 4-6 years. The results showed that: 1) the mass media that is more often accessed by preschoolers is television. Television broadcasting with children's movies is the most watched, the next is the soap opera with teenage themes also become a spectacle of children, 2) the behavior of preschoolers based on the results of the study did not show deviant symptoms, 3) parents who have preschool children show the attitude positive. The conclusion is that parents' perceptions of the mass media are showing relatively good circumstances, showing no exaggerated anxiety about their impact on the development of their child's behavior. Suggestion is that parents together with the surrounding community to always control the spectacle of their children, perform mentoring, limit the time/hours watching television, and educate children about the adverse effects of addiction to watch, as well as institutions that serve to control the broadcasting of the media mass to further improve its performance.
Lead-210 in the atmospheric air of North and South Estonia: long-term monitoring and back-trajectory calculations

As the first study of long-term atmospheric Pb in Estonia, the activity concentration and possible origins of the nuclide were monitored at Tõravere, South Estonia, and Narva-Jõesuu, North-East Estonia, from 2001 to 2008. Activities of Pb in weekly collected air filter samples were analysed using HPGe gamma spectrometry. Results show high weekly, seasonal, and yearly variability in the range from 0.12 mBq m to 2.76 mBq m (median 0.45 mBq m) for Tõravere and from 0.08 mBq m to 2.53 mB m (median 0.43 mBq m) for Narva-Jõesuu. No significant correlation between the Pb activity concentration and meteorological data was found as far as total weekly precipitation, relative humidity, or air temperature were considered. A strong correlation between the Pb concentrations from the two sampling sites was present. Back-trajectory calculations made with the METEX software showed clearly that high Pb values in surface air were prevailingly caused by continental air masses from the Eurasian continent, while the low activity concentrations tended to arrive via marine air masses from the North Atlantic. Indications of correlation of atmospheric boundary layer height with Pb activity concentration were found.
HOW DO MOUNTAIN BIKERS AND ROAD CYCLISTS DIFFER ?

Limited research has focused on different types of cycling events and how these participants differ in terms of their socio-economic and behavioural profiles. This research attempts to fill the gap in the literature regarding the travel motives of participants in cycling events. A sample from the participants at two different cycling events in South Africa was extracted in order to identify and compare different market segments at these events. The two events selected were an ultracycling event (Cape Argus Cycling Tour) and an endurance race (Cape Epic). Surveys were conducted during the registration period in March 2012 and a factor analysis was performed in order to identify the motives of the participants. The t-test was conducted to identify significant differences between road cycling and mountain bikers in terms of their profiles and their motives to compete. Results confirm that the profile and motives for participating differed according to the type of cycling event. Marketers and sports event organisers need to be aware that not all participants share the same profiles and reasons for competing. The findings of this study provide valuable and clear guidelines on how to expand exposure and grow the sport of cycling in the country.
Post-starburst--AGN Connection: Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy of Hdelta-Strong AGNs

Ever since the co-existence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and a starburst was observationally discovered, there has been a significant controversy over whether there is a physical connection between starbursts and AGNs. If yes, it is a subject of interest to reveal which one triggers another. Here we bring a unique insight onto the subject by identifying 840 galaxies with both a post-starburst signature (strong Balmer absorption lines) and an AGN (based on the emission line ratio). These poststarburst-AGNs account for the 4.2% of all the galaxies in a volume-limited sample. The presence of a post-starburst phase with an active AGN itself is of importance, suggesting that AGNs may outlive starbursts in the starburst-AGN connection. In addition, we have performed spatially resolved spectroscopy of three of our poststarbusrst-AGN galaxies, obtaining some evidence that the post-starburst region is more extended, but sharply centred around the central AGN, confirming a spatial connection between the post-starburst and the AGN.
Running head : EFFECTS OF PRIMED TDCS ON OLDER ADULTS 1 Effects of Primed Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Psychomotor Function of Older Adults

Declines in cognitive and motor functions as a result of ageing have an adverse impact on the quality of life. One such decline takes the form of poorer psychomotor performance, which involves both cognitive and motor processes in terms of perceiving and processing external stimuli, and executing motor responses. Recent research using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown that priming the corticospinal system by lowering the threshold for the induction of long-term potentiation facilitates subsequent motor performance. Here we utilised this priming approach in a double-blind sham-controlled experiment to investigate the efficacy of the application of tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in improving the psychomotor performance of older adults. A group of 10 healthy older individuals (mean age 71.60 years; 5 males and 5 females) participated in 2 sessions on separate days, with 1 session involving a 10-minute cathodal tDCS followed by a 20-minute anodal tDCS (C-A), and the other involving a 10-minute cathodal tDCS followed by sham stimulation (C-S) over the left DLPFC. Psychomotor performance was determined through the accuracy and response speeds on a task measuring sustained, selective, and divided attention. The accuracy scores for divided attention were significantly higher in the C-A condition compared with the C-S condition, suggesting that anodal tDCS primed with cathodal tDCS is effective in improving divided attention, and shows promise as a clinical intervention for improving psychomotor function in older adults.
Sustainable entrepreneurship and peculiarities of media-based learning

Building of sustainable futures requires efficient learning. Media-based learning does not necessarily make sense nor is it necessarily effective, for that matter, simply because it uses a medium. Rather, there are several variables that can and do influence its success: the very medium, the content, and the learnerâ€™s cognitive styles. For example, it is necessary to accept the difference between native language learning, second language acquisition, plurilingualism, language learning programs for children or adult learners, for visual or auditive or kinesthetic types. All these variables and more have to be taken into consideration, alone and interacting, in order to decide whether and where media-based learning is to be used, and where it might be counterproductive.
Effect of acute administration of vitamin C on muscle sympathetic activity , cardiac sympathovagal balance , and baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive patients 1 – 3

Background: Essential hypertension is characterized by both increased oxidative stress and sympathetic traffic. Experimental studies have shown that reactive oxygen species can modulate autonomic activity. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether acute administration of the antioxidant vitamin C modifies sympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension. Design: Thirty-two untreated patients with essential hypertension and 20 normotensive subjects received vitamin C (3 g intravenously in 5 min) or vehicle. Heart rate, noninvasive beat-to-beat blood pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography) were monitored at baseline and up to 20 min after the infusion. Spectral analysis of RR interval variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity were also computed. Results: Vitamin C infusion significantly lowered blood pressure in hypertensive patients but not in normotensive subjects (maximal changes in systolic blood pressure: 24.9 6 10.1 compared with 20.7 6 4.0 mm Hg, respectively; P , 0.05). Moreover, muscle sympathetic nerve activity was significantly reduced after vitamin C infusion in hypertensive patients (from 53.3 6 12.2 to 47.4 6 11.5 bursts/100 heart beats; P , 0.01) but not in healthy subjects (from 42.0 6 10.1 to 42.7 6 11.8 bursts/100 heart beats; NS). On the contrary, in 16 hypertensive patients, sodium nitroprusside in equidepressor doses induced a significant increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity compared with vitamin C (+10.06 6.9 bursts/100 heart beats). Sympathovagal balance and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity were restored during vitamin C infusion in hypertensive subjects. Conclusions: These results indicate that acute administration of vitamin C is able to reduce cardiovascular adrenergic drive in hypertensive patients, which suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the regulation of sympathetic activity in essential hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:302–8.
Particle-resolved direct numerical simulation of homogeneous isotropic turbulence modified by small fixed spheres

A statistically stationary homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow modified by 64 small fixed non-Stokesian spherical particles is considered. The particle diameter is approximately twice the Kolmogorov length scale, while the particle volume fraction is 0.001. The Taylor Reynolds number of the corresponding unladen flow is 32. The particle-laden flow has been obtained by a direct numerical simulation based on a discretization of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on 64 spherical grids overset on a Cartesian grid. The global (space- and time-averaged) turbulence kinetic energy is attenuated by approximately 9 %, which is less than expected. The turbulence dissipation rate on the surfaces of the particles is enhanced by two orders of magnitude. More than 5 % of the total dissipation occurs in only 0.1 % of the flow domain. The budget of the turbulence kinetic energy has been computed, as a function of the distance to the nearest particle centre. The budget illustrates how energy relatively far away from particles is transported towards the surfaces of the particles, where it is dissipated by the (locally enhanced) turbulence dissipation rate. The energy flux towards the particles is dominated by turbulent transport relatively far away from particles, by viscous diffusion very close to the particles, and by pressure diffusion in a significant region in between. The skewness and flatness factors of the pressure, velocity and velocity gradient have also been computed. The global flatness factor of the longitudinal velocity gradient, which characterizes the intermittency of small scales, is enhanced by a factor of six. In addition, several point-particle simulations based on the Schiller–Naumann drag correlation have been performed. A posteriori tests of the point-particle simulations, comparisons in which the particle-resolved results are regarded as the standard, show that, in this case, the point-particle model captures both the turbulence attenuation and the fraction of the turbulence dissipation rate due to particles reasonably well, provided the (arbitrary) size of the fluid volume over which each particle force is distributed is suitably chosen.
Exploring 8th graders’ metacognition and its relationship with Mathematical academic achievement

Present study was intended to measure the metacognition of Grade 8 students and to find its relationship with their mathematical achievement. The study was quantitative by nature and correlational method was used to explore relationship between students’ metacognition and mathematical achievement. A standardized tool Junior Metacognitive Inventory (Jr. MAI) was used to explore metacognition of 90 students of Grade 8 in a public school. A pilot study helped to find the validity of the tool in Pakistani context. Data was collected through getting mathematics marks of the students in their last school examination held according to the format given by the Punjab Examination Commission. Data collected was analyzed through descriptive statistics and relation was studied by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results showed that a positive correlation exists between metacognition of the students and academic achievement in Mathematics of Grade 8 students. Teachers’ trainers are strongly recommended to introduce metacognitive strategies among teachers and experimental studies are being suggested to explore effective strategies to develop metacognition among students to enhance Mathematical achievement.
MORPHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ATHLETE STARTERS AND NONSTARTERS OF FEMININE FUTSAL

The objective of the study was to compare the morphological characteristics of female futsal athlete starters and nonstarters. The study included 115 athletes, 60 starters and 55 nonstarters, belonging to 10 teams that competed in the XX Brazilian Cup of Clubs, special division. Anthropometric measurements were obtained with the purpose of characterizing and determining body somatotype. The analyzes were performed with the aid of a commercial statistical package (SPSS version 18.0), adopting a significance level of p< 0.05. The results showed that the athlete starters were older (p=0.024), had a longer practice time (p=0.019), and lower fat percentage (p=0.047) and femur diameter (p=0.048) than the nonstarters, however, the last two variables lost significance after adjustment for practice time. Nevertheless, they presented a similar somatotypological classification (mesomorph-endomorph). Considering that body composition and sports experience are attributes associated with performance, the observed differences between the athlete starters and nonstarters could contribute to the decision making of coaches in the formation of the titular team in women's futsal matches.
Doi–Hopf Modules and Yetter–Drinfeld Modules for Quasi-Hopf Algebras

For a quasi-Hopf algebra H, a left H-comodule algebra 𝔅 and a right H-module coalgebra C we will characterize the category of Doi–Hopf modules C ℳ(H)𝔅 in terms of modules. We will also show that for an H-bicomodule algebra 𝔸 and an H-bimodule coalgebra C the category of generalized Yetter–Drinfeld modules 𝔸𝒴𝒟(H) C is isomorphic to a certain category of Doi–Hopf modules. Using this isomorphism we will transport the properties from the category of Doi–Hopf modules to the category of generalized Yetter–Drinfeld modules.
MELATONIN MODULATES ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE AND PROTECTS HEPATOCYTES IN RATS WITH SEVERE ACUTE LIVER FAILURE

Severe acute liver failure is a rare clinical condition that affects previously normal livers and is rapid and fulminant. This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin on hepatocyte degeneration and loss of function. An experimental study was conducted using thioacetamide to induce liver failure in Wistar rats. After total protein assay, cell membrane damage was assessed, followed by carbonyl groups assay. The concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, the level of ammonia, and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase were assayed by spectrophotometry. Inorganic elements were identified by particle-induced X-ray emission, the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway was determined by immunohistochemistry, and the structure of liver parenchyma was assessed by histology and by electron microscopy. Melatonin reduces lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, maintains liver integrity, modulates antioxidant response and ammonia levels, and preserves the architecture of the parenchyma and the structure of hepatocyte organelles.
Revision of the Selection Function of the Optical Redshift Survey Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Early Data Release: Toward an Accurate Estimate of the Source Number Density of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

If Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) are originated from nearby galaxies, modeling of the distribution of nearby galaxies is important to an accurate estimate the source number density of UHECRs. We investigate uncertainty of the selection function of the Optical Redshift Survey (ORS), which we used to construct a source model of UHECRs. The investigation is based on a comparison of numbe counts of ORS galaxies with those of the spectroscopic sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Early Data Release (EDR). We carefully count galaxies in the same absolute magnitude bin from the two samples. We find a slight systematic overestimate of the ORS counts outside 5000 km s$^{-1}$ by about a factor of 2. We revise the selection function of the ORS assuming that the SDSS counts are correct. Our revision is based on the absorption given in the ORS catalog as well as that computed from Schlegel et al. (1998), which is systematically larger than the former by $A_B \sim 0.1$ mag in the region of low absorption. It is found that introduction of Schlegel et al.'s absorption changes one of the parameters of the ORS selection function by more than 10%. The revision should be taken into account in the future analysis of the source number density of UHECRs based on the ORS. Using the revised selection function, we determine the global structure of the Local Supercluster (LSC) with a source model of UHECRs, that is, a number-density model consisting of a uniform spherical halo and an exponential disk. We find that the revision is insignificant in terms of the structure of the LSC. However, the revised selection function will be useful to other studies such as peculiar velocity and correlation function.
Frazil dynamics and precipitation in a water column with depth-dependent supercooling

When seawater becomes supercooled, collections of small ice crystals, known as frazil ice, form and grow. A model of frazil ice dynamics is presented that deals explicitly with the buoyant settling of frazil crystals onto an overlying surface. This yields further insight into transport associated with the ice pump mechanism, whereby ice is melted at depth and transferred to a shallower location as a result of the pressure variation of seawater's freezing temperature. The model is applied to a vertical cross-section through an Ice Shelf Water plume beneath Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, and helps to elucidate the depth-variation in its properties for the first time, as well as predicting the precipitation rate of frazil crystals. The model predicts that frazil ice should be preferentially located in a narrow layer near the ice shelf base as a result of the maximum supercooling there and an influx of crystals rising under their own buoyancy. The deposition of these crystals onto the ice shelf is governed by the balance between crystal rising and turbulent transfer of frazil away from the shelf, which is investigated in some detail.
A state of the art review on optimal practices to prevent , recognize , and manage complications associated with intravascular devices in the critically ill TIMSIT

Intravascular catheters are inserted into almost all critically ill patients. This review provides up-to-date insight into available knowledge on epidemiology and diagnosis of complications of central vein and arterial catheters in ICU. It discusses the optimal therapy of catheter-related infections and thrombosis. Prevention of complications is a multidisciplinary task that combines both improvement of the process of care and introduction of new technologies. We emphasize the main component of the prevention strategies that should be used in critical care and propose areas of future investigation in this field. TIMSIT, Jean-François, et al. A state of the art review on optimal practices to prevent, recognize, and manage complications associated with intravascular devices in the critically ill. Intensive Care Medicine, 2018 DOI : 10.1007/s00134-018-5212-y
Regularity of Cauchy horizons in S2 × S1 Gowdy spacetimes

We study general S2 × S1 Gowdy models with a regular past Cauchy horizon and prove that a second (future) Cauchy horizon exists, provided that a particular conserved quantity J is not zero. We derive an explicit expression for the metric form on the future Cauchy horizon in terms of the initial data on the past horizon and conclude the universal relation ApAf = (8πJ)2 where Ap and Af are the areas of past and future Cauchy horizons respectively.
Evaluating Design Project Creativity in Engineering Design Courses

Creativity is integral to design success, yet creativity is not well-defined nor easily evaluated. A goal of engineering design courses is to teach creativity, or at least creativity methods, e.g., brainstorming, random stimuli, etc., that when applied, should increase design creativity. However, it is unclear how creativity outcomes can be evaluated, or even if creativity should be evaluated within an engineering design course, such as for a design project. In this paper, we discuss creativity and approaches to evaluating creativity using both the literature and our experiences with evaluating design project creativity. We also describe future work required to further understand and develop methods of evaluating design project creativity with the aim of encouraging students to consciously work towards creative designs.
Why Do Companies Pay Dividends?

This paper presents a simple model of market equilibrium to explain why firms that maximize the value of their shares pay dividends even though the funds could instead be retained and subsequently distributed to shareholders in a way that would allow them to be taxed more favorably as capital gains. The two principal ingredients of our explanation are:(1) the conflicting preferences of shareholders in different tax brackets and (2) the shareholders' desire for portfolio diversification, we show that companies will pay a positive fraction of earnings in dividends. We also provide some comparative static analysis of dividend behavior with respect to tax parameters and to the conditions determining the riskiness of the securities.