Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the use of milk fatty acids to infer the diet of the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea)

Information on the diet of threatened species is important in devising appropriate management plans to ensure their conservation. The Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) is Australia’s only endemic and globally one of the least numerous pinniped species. However, dietary information is currently limited because of the difficulty in using traditional methods (identification of prey hard parts from scats, regurgitates and stomach samples) to reliably provide dietary information. The present study assessed the use of fatty acid (FA) analysis to infer diet using milk samples collected from 11 satellite tracked Australian sea lions from Olive Island, South Australia. Satellite tracking revealed that females foraged in two distinct regions; ‘inshore’ regions characterised by shallow bathymetry (10.7 ± 4.8 m) and ‘offshore’ regions characterised by comparatively deep bathymetry (60.5 ± 13.4 m). Milk FA analysis indicated significant differences in the FA composition between females that foraged inshore compared with those that foraged offshore. The greatest differences in relative levels of individual FAs between the inshore and offshore groups were for 22 : 6n-3 (6.5 ± 1.2% compared with 16.5 ± 1.9% respectively), 20 : 4n-6 (6.1 ± 0.7 compared with 2.5 ± 0.7 respectively) and 22 : 4n-6 (2.4 ± 0.2% compared with 0.8 ± 0.2% respectively). Using discriminant scores, crustacean, cephalopod, fish and shark-dominated diets were differentiated. The discriminant scores from Australian sea lions that foraged inshore indicated a mixed fish and shark diet, whereas discriminant scores from Australian sea lions that foraged offshore indicated a fish-dominated diet, although results must be interpreted with caution due to the assumptions associated with the prey FA dataset. FA analysis in combination with satellite tracking proved to be a powerful tool for assessing broad-scale spatial dietary patterns.
A cohort study showing correspondence of low wall shear stress and cephalic arch stenosis in brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula access

Background: A brachiocephalic fistula is frequently placed for hemodialysis; unfortunately, cephalic arch stenosis commonly develops, leading to failure. We hypothesized that a contribution to brachiocephalic fistula failure is low wall shear stress resulting in neointimal hyperplasia leading to venous stenosis. The objective of this investigation is to determine correspondence of low wall shear stress and the development of cephalic arch stenosis. Methods: Forty subjects receiving hemodialysis with a primary brachiocephalic fistula access were followed from time of placement for 3 years or until cephalic arch stenosis. Venogram, Doppler, and viscosity were performed at time of fistula maturation, annually for 3 years or to time of cephalic arch stenosis. Computational hemodynamics modeling was performed to determine location and percent low wall shear stress in the arch. The relationship between wall shear stress at time of maturation and location of cephalic arch stenosis were estimated by correlating computational modeling and quadrant location of cephalic arch stenosis. Results: In total, 32 subjects developed cephalic arch stenosis with 26 displaying correspondence between location of low wall shear stress at time of maturation and subsequent cephalic arch stenosis, whereas 6 subjects did not (p = 0.0015). Most subjects with correspondence had low wall shear stress areas evident in greater than 20% of the arch (p = 0.0006). Low wall shear stress was associated with a higher risk of cephalic arch stenosis in the 23-to-45 age group (p = 0.0029). Conclusions: The presence and magnitude of low wall shear stress in the cephalic arch is a factor associated with development of cephalic arch stenosis in patients with brachiocephalic fistula. Attenuation of low wall shear stress at time of maturation may help prevent the development of cephalic arch stenosis which is difficult to treat once it develops.
Cervical dystonia: factors deteriorating patient satisfaction of long-term treatment with botulinum toxin

ABSTRACT Objectives Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an effective first-line treatment for cervical dystonia (CD). Despite generally good therapeutic efficacy, approximately 20–40% of CD patients do not achieve acceptable relief of the dystonic symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify factors of low patient satisfaction of long-term BoNT therapy for CD. Methods In this case-control study CD patients treated with BoNT intramuscular injections for up to 24 years were assessed by two independent assessors in three validated scales: TWSTRS, Tsui and VAS for pain measurement. Data on received BoNT doses and treatment duration were obtained from medical history. All of participants rated their long-term treatment satisfaction compared to the therapy onset on a 0–3 scale. Results Study was completed by 58 participants who were treated with BoNT for 9.0 ± 6.3 years and received a median of 19 injection cycles. None/low therapy satisfaction was reported by 20.7% of participants. Compared to moderate/good treatment satisfaction, CD patients with none/low BoNT efficacy had increased incidence of cervical pain (p =.018), enhanced mean VAS score for pain (p =.037) and had higher coexistence of oromandibular dystonia (p =.018). In addition, worse treatment satisfaction correlated with shorter time intervals between treatment cycles, enhanced scores of Tsui total, TWSTRS total, as well as TWSTRS subscales: severity, disability and pain. Conclusion Cervical pain and coexistence of oromandibular dystonia deteriorated long-term treatment satisfaction in CD patients. Higher scores of Tsui and TWSTRS subscales were correlated with worse subjective BoNT treatment response.
VARIATIONS IN ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES OF RHIZOPHORA RACEMOSA (Leechm) AND RHIZOPHORA HARRISONII (G. mey) IN A NIGERIAN MANGROVE FOREST ECOSYSTEM

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to determine the variation in the anatomical properties of the two most prominent species (R. racemosa and R. harrisonii) in Nigerian mangrove forest ecosystem. This was done with the aim of assessing their suitability for pulp and paper manufacturing. The trees samples were obtained from Stubbs Creek forest reserve, in Delta State. The diameter of all the tree samples was between 10 and 30 cm. After harvesting, the wood samples were collected from the sapwood and heartwood sections (radial direction) and at 10, 50 and 90% of the trees’ height (the longitudinal positions). The mean fibre length values obtained were 1.767, 1.547 for sapwood and Heartwood of R. racemosa, while that of R harrisonii were 1.794 and 1.634 for sapwood and heartwood respectively. The mean fibre diameters of these two species were, 36.92 and 35.25 for the sapwood and heartwood of R racemosa and 34.307 and 34.090 for the sap wood and heart wood of R. harrisonii respectively. The Runkel ratio means for R. racemosa were 0.94 and 0.96 for sap and heartwood respective, while the values for R. harrisonii were 0.96 and 0.99 for sapwood and heartwood respectively. The results of this work indicate that the anatomical properties of these two species compared favourably with other species like Gmelina arborea, Pinus caribaea and Eucalyptus popularly grown for pulp and paper in Nigeria. The values indicate the suitability of this mangrove genus for pulp and paper production in a place where there is shortage of wood material for this purpose. Keywords: Wood fibre characteristics, pulp and paper, Runkel ratio, R. racemosa, R. harrizonii
Managing Herbicide-resistant Blackgrass (Alopecurus Myosuroides): Theory and Practice

Blackgrass is the most important herbicide-resistant weed in Europe, occurring in 10 countries. Enhanced metabolism is the most common mechanism, conferring partial resistance to a wide range of herbicides, but acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) target-site resistance also occurs widely. Recently, acetolactate synthase (ALS) target-site resistance conferred by a Pro197 mutation was identified in blackgrass in England and is of concern because of increasing use of sulfonylurea herbicides such as mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron. Resistance management strategies encourage (1) greater use of cultural control measures such as plowing, crop rotation, and delayed drilling; (2) reduced reliance on high-risk herbicides (ACCase, ALS); and (3) use of mixtures and sequences of herbicides with different modes of action. A key message is that, as weeds are relatively immobile, preventing and managing herbicide resistance is largely within the individual farmer's own control. In practice, financial and environmental pressures limit the scope for more cultural control, and the European Community Pesticide Review will result in fewer alternative herbicides being available. Consultants often feel unable to recommend lower risk but weaker herbicide strategies to farmers because the amount of blackgrass remaining might be unacceptable. This dilemma is exemplified by the recent introduction of a formulated mixture of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, which has given outstanding control of blackgrass. Farmers expect new herbicides to become available, but this optimistic view appears misplaced. A primary aim is to continue to encourage farmers to integrate cultural and chemical control in a long-term strategy. Nomenclature: Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (proposed), [methyl 4-iodo-2-[3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-ureidosulfonyl]benzoate, sodium salt]; mesosulfuron-methyl (proposed), [methyl 2-[3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)ureidosulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonamidomethylbenzoate]; blackgrass, Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. ALOMY.
Methylation of the a-FetoproteinGenein Productive and Nonproductive RatHepatocellular Carcinomas1

The extent of methylation of Hpa\\-Msp\ and Hhal sites in DMAs isolated from normal rat livers and from the transplantable hepatocellular carcinomas (THC) THC 7777 and THC 252 was compared. It was found that the overall level of methylation of the internal cytosine in CCGG sequences was lower in the THC DMAs than in the normal liver DNAs. This difference could also be detected in the extent of methylation of CCGG sites flanking a 400-base pair repetitive sequence. Examination of methylation of specific sites within the a-fetoprotein gene revealed differ ences between the DNAs that appear to reflect both the level of activity of the gene and the overall level of methylation of cellular DMA. This gene, which is repressed in normal adult liver and the nonproductive THC 252 and highly active in the productive THC 7777 (S. Sell ef a/., Cell Biol. Int. Rep., 4: 235-254, 1980), contains several CCGG sites that are methylated in both normal liver and THC 252 DMA but not in THC 7777 DMA. However, Hhal (GCGC) sites in the a-fetoprotein gene were less methylated in both hepatoma DNAs than in liver DNA, which the exception of one site in the productive tumor found to be no longer
Making a Statement: How Did Professional Forecasters React to the August 2011 FOMC Statement?

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) statement released on August 9, 2011, was the first to incorporate language on ? forward guidance? with an explicit date tied to the Committee? s expected path of monetary policy. In this post, we exploit the timing of surveys taken before and after this statement? s release to investigate how professional forecasters changed their expectations of growth, inflation, and monetary policy. We find that the average forecast of the federal funds rate shifts considerably and closely aligns with the new language in the statement, while the average forecasts for growth and inflation change less. While there? s near unanimity among forecasters about the future path of the federal funds rate after the August 2011 FOMC statement, forecasters maintained differing views on the growth and inflation outlooks.
Factors of Permanent Income and effects over Consumption in Pakistan (1973-2013)

This Study significantly observes long run as well as the short run effect of the permanent income (PI) on consumption (C) the same as initiated by the Milton Friedman employing ARDL to Cointegration bound testing approach and Error Correction Model (ECM). The reason of the current study is to discover the degree to which wealth indicators connecting to PI may have an effect on consumption with respect to Pakistan like GNE (Gross National Expenditure), GNS (Gross National Savings), GVA (Gross Value Added), NR (Natural Resources) and TR (Total Reserves) span from 1973 to 2013. Above tests show long run association exists among the selected variables. According to ECM correction process is slow and short-run disequilibrium not at all adjusts completely in the current period. Keywords: Consumption, Consumption function, Permanent Income,
Simulated Glyphosate Drift to Potato Mother Plants and Effect on Daughter Tubers Used for Seed Production

Abstract Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of simulated glyphosate drift rates applied to two non-irrigated potato cultivars in the late tuber bulking stage grown for potato seed production. Mother plants receiving a sublethal glyphosate application had similar yields regardless of the year or cultivar. ‘Red LaSoda' seed pieces visually evaluated the following spring had more sprout inhibition from glyphosate-treated plots. With ‘Russet Burbank', only seed pieces from mother plants that received more than 18 g ha−1 glyphosate showed sprout inhibition. Total yield reductions the year following glyphosate treatments were attributed to fewer and smaller tubers from plants that did not emerge or were delayed in emergence. Red LaSoda seed pieces from mother plants receiving ≥ 71 g ha−1 glyphosate yielded less than the nontreated. In 2005, Russet Burbank seed pieces from mother plants receiving ≥35 g ha−1 glyphosate had reduced yields, whereas in 2006, all glyphosate treatments reduced total yield compared with the nontreated. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; potato; Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Red LaSoda'; ‘Russet Burbank'; SOLTU. Resumen Se realizaron estudios de campo para evaluar el efecto de la deriva simulada de dosis de glyphosate aplicadas en el estadio tardío de llenado de tubérculo a dos cultivares de papa sin riego, en papa producida para semilla. Plantas madre que recibieron aplicaciones de dosis subletales de glyphosate tuvieron rendimientos similares sin importar el año o el cultivar. Fragmentos de semilla de ‘Red LaSoda' provenientes de parcelas tratadas con glyphosate y evaluados visualmente en la primavera siguiente, tuvieron una mayor inhibición de rebrotes. Con ‘Russet Burbank', solamente los fragmentos de semilla de plantas madre que recibieron más de 18 g ha−1 de glyphosate mostraron inhibición de rebrotes. Las reducciones en el rendimiento total el año siguiente a los tratamientos con glyphosate fueron atribuidos a un menor número de tubérculos y tubérculos más pequeños provenientes de plantas que no emergieron o lo hicieron en forma retrasada. Los fragmentos de semillas de Red LaSoda provenientes de plantas madre que recibieron ≥71 g ha−1 de glyphosate rindieron menos que el testigo sin tratamiento. En 2005, los fragmentos de semilla de Russet Burbank provenientes de plantas madre que recibieron ≥35 g ha−1 de glyphosate redujeron su rendimiento, mientras que en 2006, todos los tratamientos con glyphosate redujeron su rendimiento total en comparación con el testigo sin tratamiento.
Effect of the burial depth and environmental factors on the seasonal germination of bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca [L.] Kunth ssp. fascicularis [Lam.] N. Snow)

Bearded sprangletop recently was introduced to Turkey, where it has adapted to rice cultivation and become an important weed in many regions of the country. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of light, temperature, osmotic stress, salt stress, pH and flooding on bearded sprangletop germination and emergence. Mature bearded sprangletop seeds were collected from rice fields in August 2008. Approximately 1250 seeds were wrapped in plastic fabric and buried at 2 or 10 cm in pots in flooded or non-flooded conditions. In this experiment, seed germination in the light from the flooded and non-flooded treatments began in the spring, peaked in summer and decreased in the fall. This pattern was repeated the following year after exposing the seeds to natural seasonal temperature changes. As either the level of water stress or NaCl concentration increased, cumulative seed germination decreased. No seed germinated when the NaCl concentration exceeded 400 mole. The level of seedling emergence decreased with an increasing burial depth. Under the flooded conditions, emergence began in late April and continued until early July, with peak emergence in the first week of June. Under the non-flooded conditions, bearded sprangletop emerged later than under the flooded conditions and the overall level of emergence was lower. The depth of burial and water stress appear to be the most important factors that limit seed germination. Germination was stimulated by light, suggesting that the seeds are positively photoblastic.
A Phase I Study of DLYE5953A, an Anti-LY6E Antibody Covalently Linked to Monomethyl Auristatin E, in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors

Purpose: DLYE5953A is an antibody–drug conjugate consisting of an anti-LY6E antibody covalently linked to the cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E. This study characterized the safety, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, potential biomarkers, and antitumor activity of DLYE5953A in patients with metastatic solid tumors. Patients and Methods: This was a phase I, open-label, 3+3 dose-escalation, and dose-expansion study of DLYE5953A administered intravenously every 21 days (Q3W) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid malignancies. Results: Sixty-eight patients received DLYE5953A (median, four cycles; range, 1–27). No dose-limiting toxicities were identified during dose escalation (0.2–2.4 mg/kg; n = 20). The recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of 2.4 mg/kg Q3W was based on overall safety and tolerability. Dose-expansion cohorts for HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (HER2-negative MBC; n = 23) and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; n = 25) patients were enrolled at the RP2D. Among patients receiving DLYE5953A 2.4 mg/kg (n = 55), the most common (≥30%) related adverse events (AEs) included alopecia, fatigue, nausea, and peripheral neuropathy. Grade ≥3 related AEs occurred in 14 of 55 (26%) patients, with neutropenia being the most common (13%). DLYE5953A demonstrated linear total antibody pharmacokinetics at doses of ≥0.8 mg/kg with low unconjugated monomethyl auristatin E levels in blood. Partial response was confirmed in eight of 68 (12%) patients, including three of 29 patients with MBC (10%) and five of 25 patients with NSCLC (20%) at the RP2D. Stable disease was the best response for 37 of 68 (54%) patients. Conclusions: DLYE5953A administered at 2.4 mg/kg has acceptable safety. Preliminary evidence of antitumor activity in patients with HER2-negative MBC and NSCLC supports further investigation of LY6E as a therapeutic target.
Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium parviflorum L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey

The essential oil of the aerial parts of Teucrium parviflorum L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey was analyzed by GC and GC/MS system. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation with clevenger apparatus. Thirty three components, representing (80.7%) of the oils, were characterized. The main components were β-caryophyllene (18.6%), germacrene D (9.2%), caryophyllene oxide (8.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (6%). The results were discussed with the genus pattern in means of medicinal purpose and natural products. Key words: Teucrium parviflorum, lamiaceae, essential oil, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D.
Accelerated Muscle Recovery in Baseball Pitchers Using Phase Change Material Cooling

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to document recovery after a pitching performance and determine whether prolonged postgame phase change material (PCM) cooling of the shoulder and forearm accelerates recovery. Methods Strength, soreness, and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity were assessed before and on the 2 d after pitching performances in 16 college pitchers. Pitchers were randomized to receive either postgame PCM cooling packs on the shoulder and forearm or no cooling (control). PCM packs were applied inside compression shirts and delivered cooling at a constant temperature of 15°C for 3 h. Strength was assessed for shoulder internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), empty can (EC) test, and grip. Results Total pitch count was 60 ± 16 for 23 PCM cooling games and 62 ± 17 for 24 control games (P = 0.679). On the days after pitching, IR strength (P = 0.006) and grip strength (P = 0.036) were higher in the PCM cooling group versus control. One day after pitching, IR strength was 95% ± 14% of baseline with PCM cooling versus 83% ± 13% for control (P = 0.008, effect size d = 0.91) and 107% ± 9% versus 95% ± 10% for grip strength (P = 0.022, effect size d = 1.29). There was a trend for greater ER strength with PCM cooling (P = 0.091, effect size d = 0.51). The EC strength was not impaired after pitching (P = 0.147) and was therefore unaffected by PCM cooling (P = 0.168). Elevations in soreness and CK were not different between treatments (treatment–time CK P = 0.139, shoulder soreness P = 0.885, forearm soreness P = 0.206). Conclusion This is one of the first studies to document impairments in muscle function on the days after baseball pitching, and the first study showing a novel cryotherapy intervention that accelerates recovery of muscle function in baseball pitchers after a game.
Probabilistic mapping of language networks from high frequency activity induced by direct electrical stimulation

Abstract Direct electrical stimulation (DES) at 50 Hz is used as a gold standard to map cognitive functions but little is known about its ability to map large‐scale networks and specific subnetwork. In the present study, we aim to propose a new methodological approach to evaluate the specific hypothesis suggesting that language errors/dysfunction induced by DES are the result of large‐scale network modification rather than of a single cortical region, which explains that similar language symptoms may be observed after stimulation of different cortical regions belonging to this network. We retrospectively examined 29 patients suffering from focal drug‐resistant epilepsy who benefitted from stereo‐electroencephalographic (SEEG) exploration and exhibited language symptoms during a naming task following 50 Hz DES. We assessed the large‐scale language network correlated with behavioral DES‐induced responses (naming errors) by quantifying DES‐induced changes in high frequency activity (HFA, 70–150 Hz) outside the stimulated cortical region. We developed a probabilistic approach to report the spatial pattern of HFA modulations during DES‐induced language errors. Similarly, we mapped the pattern of after‐discharges (3–35 Hz) occurring after DES. HFA modulations concurrent to language symptoms revealed a brain network similar to our current knowledge of language gathered from standard brain mapping. In addition, specific subnetworks could be identified within the global language network, related to different language processes, generally described in relation to the classical language regions. Spatial patterns of after‐discharges were similar to HFA induced during DES. Our results suggest that this new methodological DES‐HFA mapping is a relevant approach to map functional networks during SEEG explorations, which would allow to shift from “local” to “network” perspectives.