Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COPD_A_295320 535..544

1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Hospital Infection, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
Do Online Reviews Affect Product Sales? The Role of Reviewer Characteristics and Temporal Effects

Online product reviews provided by consumers who previously purchased products have become a major information source for consu mers and marketers regarding product quality . This study extends previous research by conducting a m ore compelling test of the effect of online reviews on sales. In particular, we consider both quantitati ve and qua litative aspects of online re views, such as reviewer quality, reviewer exposure, product coverage, and temporal effects. Using transaction cost economics and uncertainty reduction theories, this study adopts a portfolio approach to assess the effectiveness of the online review market. We show that consumers unde rstand the value difference between favorable news and unfavorable news and respond accordingly. Furthermore, when consumers read online reviews, they pay attention not only to review scores but to other contextual information such as a reviewer’s reputation and reviewer exposure. The market resp onds more favorably to reviews written by reviewers with better reputation and higher exp osure. Finally, we dem onstrate that t he impact of online reviews on sal es diminishes over time. This suggests that firms need not provide incentives for customers to write reviews beyond a certain time period after products have been released.
Ruling out bosonic repulsive dark matter in thermal equilibrium

Self-interacting dark matter, especially bosonic, has been considered a promising candidate to replace cold dark matter (CDM) as it resolves some of the problems associated with CDM. Here, we rule out the possibility that dark matter is a repulsive boson in thermal equilibrium. We develop the model ﬁrst proposed by Goodman in 2000 and derive the equation of state at ﬁnite temperature. Isothermal spherical halo models indicate a Bose–Einstein condensed core surrounded by a non-degenerate envelope, with an abrupt density drop marking the boundary between the two phases. Comparing this feature with observed rotation curves constrains the interaction strength of our model’s dark matter particle, and Bullet Cluster measurements constrain the scattering cross-section. Both ultimately can be cast as constraints on the particle’s mass. We ﬁnd these two constraints cannot be satisﬁed simultaneously in any realistic halo model – and hence dark matter cannot be a repulsive boson in thermal equilibrium. It is still left open that dark matter may be a repulsive boson provided it is not in thermal equilibrium; this requires that the mass of the particle be signiﬁcantly less than a millivolt.
self-suspending tasks in real-time systems

In general computing systems, a job (process/task) may suspend itself whilst it is waiting for some activity to complete, e.g., an accelerator to return data. In realtime systems, such self-suspension can cause substantial performance/schedulability degradation. This observation, first made in 1988, has led to the investigation of the impact of self-suspension on timing predictability, and many relevant results have been published since. Unfortunately, as it has recently come to light, a number of the existing results are flawed. To provide a correct platform on which future research can be built, this paper reviews the state of the art in the design and analysis of scheduling algorithms and schedulability tests for self-suspending tasks in real-time systems. We provide (1) a systematic description of how self-suspending tasks can be handled in both soft and hard real-time systems; (2) an explanation of the existingmisconceptions and their potential remedies; (3) an assessment of the influence of such flawed analyses on partitionedmultiprocessor fixed-priority schedulingwhen tasks synchronize access to shared resources; and (4) a discussion of the computational complexity of analyses for different self-suspension task models.
The dark side of ﬁnancial innovation: A case study of the pricing of a retail ﬁnancial product $ Journal of Financial Economics

The offering prices of 64 issues of a popular retail structured equity product were, on average, almost 8% greater than estimates of the products’ fair market values obtained using option pricing methods. Under reasonable assumptions about the underlying stocks’expectedreturns,themeanexpectedreturnestimateonthestructuredproductsis slightly below zero. The products do not provide tax, liquidity, or other beneﬁts, and it is difﬁcult to rationalize their purchase by informed rational investors. Our ﬁndings are, however, consistent with the recent hypothesis that issuing ﬁrms might shroud some aspects of innovative securities or introduce complexity to exploit uninformed investors.
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum flavones exert anti-hepatic carcinoma property both in vitro and in vivo

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum has been regarded as an anticancer food in China. However, its corresponding mechanisms remains unclear. Thus, in this study, the antitumor activity of flavones-rich fraction of root of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (FRTH) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that FRTH could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells in vitro by PI3K/AKT pathway. FRTH could increase the ROS level and change the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in HepG2 cells. In addition, FRTH treatment (300, 600 mg/kg BW) significantly suppressed tumor growth on HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice. Besides, immunohistochemistry assays and western blotting revealed that FRTH enhanced the expression level of Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome C, Caspase-3, caspase-9, Cleaved-caspase-3, and downregulated the expression level of CD31, ki67 and VEGF in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice. Our study suggests Tetrastigma hemsleyanum as a promising candidate medicine for liver cancer treatment.
Quantum Computing: a Quantum Group Approach

There is compelling theoretical evidence that quantum physics will change the face of information science. Exciting progress has been made during the last two decades towards the building of a large scale quantum computer. A quantum group approach stands out as a promising route to this holy grail, and provides hope that we may have quantum computers in our future.
The cold local Hubble ﬂow as a signature of dark energy

The Local Group environment at 1{10 Mpc expands linearly and smoothly, as if ruled by uniform matter, while observations show on the same scales the very lumpy local galaxy universe. This enigma in cosmology has also been demonstrated by high-resolution N -body CDM simulations. We suggest that the homogeneous dark energy component, revealed by SNIa observations, may resolve the problem of the local cold Hubble ﬂow within the highly non-uniform environment. Linear density perturbations on a homogeneous background with the equation of state p Q = w(cid:26) Q c 2 are decaying for w < − 1 = 3. Exact non-linear Einstein’s equations for a spherically symmetric matter concentration, show that there is a zero{mass surface where the positive mass of the local cloud is compensated by the negative dark energy mass, and beyond this surface dark energy dominates dynamically. In such regions the velocity dispersion is adiabatically cooling, and this may explain why the Hubble law starts on the outskirts of the Local Group, with the same H 0 as globally and with a remarkably small velocity dispersion.
An Analysis on the Existence of Phillips Curve Theory in the Economy of North Sumatera in the Period of 2004-2015

The objective of the research was to analyze whether Phillips Curve Theory is valid or not concerning inflation and unemployment in North Sumatera. The research used panel regression analysis, using Eviews 7 software program. The population was North Sumatera Province and four inflation towns Medan, Pematangsiantar, Padangsidimpuan, and Sibolga in the research period of 2004-2015. The result of the research showed that the variable of inflation had positive and significant influence on unemployment rate. It indicated that the increase in inflation would cause the increase in the employment rate in North Sumatera so that it could be assumed that Phillips Curve theory could not describe the correlation between inflation and unemployment in North Sumatera.
University of Birmingham Parents’ self-directed practices towards the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Background: Excessive and inappropriate antimicrobial use in the community is one risk factor that can result in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Upper respiratory tract infections are most frequently reported among children and mainly of viral origin and do not require antibiotics. We have conducted Knowledge, Attitude and Perception (KAP) survey of parents to explore the parent ’ s knowledge, attitude & perception of Saudi parents. Methods: A knowledge attitude perception questioner was adopted from a previous study conducted in Greece by Panagakou et al. Raosoft online sample size calculator calculated the sample size by adding the total estimated Makkah population of 5,979,719 with a response rate of 30%, 5% margin of error and 99% confidence interval. Based on the described criteria five hundred & fifty-eight was the required sample size of the study. Incomplete questioners were excluded from the statistical analysis. SPSS version 21 was used to analyse data and to produce descriptive statistics. Results: Most of the mothers (95%) responded among parents. 67% had no health insurance to cover medications costs. Most of them (74%) were related to medium income level. Seventy per cent of the parents believed physicians as a source of information for judicious antibiotics use. Interestingly, only 8% were agreed that most of the upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viral reasons. commonly used OTC medications for URTI and antibiotics like Augmentin (Co-amoxiclav), Ceclor (cefaclor) and Erythrocin (Erythromycin). While comparing males and female ’ s knowledge level, few males have identified Amoxil (Amoxicillin). Similarly, parents of age 20 – 30 years have good knowledge about the antibiotics. Conclusions: Majority of Saudi parents believe in pediatricians and use antibiotics on physician ’ s advice. Most of them expect antibiotics from their physicians as a primary treatment for upper respiratory tract infections. There is need for more educational activities to parents by the pharmacists to prevent antibiotics overuse among children.
Study of the influence of bias and matching networks on the distortion and memory of FET‐based power amplifiers

A study of the influence of bias and matching networks on the distortion and memory in FET‐based power amplifiers has been carried out at the device and amplifier circuit levels. The study includes simulated and experimental results that allow us to identify effects produced by the introduction of particular biasing and matching networks in the power amplifier design. The influence of the bias point, as well as of biasing and matching network topologies on the nonlinear, short‐ and long‐term memory behavior has been studied by means of simulations and measurements, using different power amplifier prototypes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2008.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University The evolution of international norms The evolution of international norms

This article puts forward a theoretical explanation for why norms of international behavior change over time. It argues that the mainstream neorealist and neoliberal arguments on the static nature of state interests are implausible, as the recent empirical work of the growing constructivist school has convincingly shown. But the constructivists have not yet provided a theoretical basis for understanding why one norm rather than another becomes institutionalized, nor has learning theory yet provided an adequate explanation. An evolutionary approach that draws its hy-potheses from an analogy to population genetics offers a promising alternative. This article briefly outlines the constructivist critique of neorealism and neoliberalism. It develops the evolutionary analogy, illustrating the model with a case study on the emergence of a norm of transparency in international security and briefly discussing how the model might apply in several other issue areas. abstract. Discussions of prominence teeter perilously close to the tautology so often seen in discussions of power: that if one sees an outcome, it shows that an actor had been powerful "enough" to bring about that outcome. The difference is that power is usually taken to be a sole cause, whereas prominence is merely a necessary condition. Nonetheless, the theory here remains underspecified. international
Annihilators of local cohomology in characteristic zero

This paper discusses the problem of whether it is possible to annihilate elements of local cohomology modules by elements of arbitrarily small order under a fixed valuation. We first discuss the general problem and its relationship to the Direct Summand Conjecture, and next present two concrete examples where annihilators with small order are shown to exist. We then prove a more general theorem, where the existence of such annihilators is established in some cases using results on abelian varieties and the Albanese map. 1. Almost vanishing of local cohomology The concept of almost vanishing that we use here comes out of recent work on Almost Ring Theory by Gabber and Ramero [4]. This theory was developed to give a firm foundation to the results of Faltings on Almost etale extensions [3], and these ideas have their origins in a classic work of Tate on p-divisible groups [21]. The use of the general theory, for our purposes, is comparatively straightforward, but it illustrates the main questions in looking at certain homological conjectures, as discussed later in the section. The approach is heavily influenced by Heitmann’s proof of the Direct Summand Conjecture for rings of dimension three [8]. Let A be an integral domain, and let v be a valuation on A with values in the abelian group of rational numbers; more precisely, v is a function from A to Q ∪ {∞} such that (1) v(a) =∞ if and only if a = 0, (2) v(ab) = v(a) + v(b) for all a, b ∈ A, and (3) v(a+ b) > min{v(a), v(b)} for all a, b ∈ A. Received November 6, 2006; received in final form April 4, 2007. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 13D22. Secondary 13D45, 14K05. P.R. and A.K. S. were supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation. V.S. was supported by a Swarnajayanthi Fellowship of the DST. c ©2007 University of Illinois
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Indirect Inference for Dynamic Panel Models

It is well-known that maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the autoregressive parameter of a dynamic panel data model with ﬁ xed e ﬀ ects is inconsistent under ﬁ xed time series sample size ( T ) and large cross section sample size ( N ) asymptotics. The estimation bias is particularly relevant in practical applications when T is small and the autoregressive parameter is close to unity. The present paper proposes a general, computationally inexpensive method of bias reduction that is based on indirect inference (Gouriéroux et al., 1993), shows unbiasedness and analyzes e ﬃ ciency. The method is implemented in linear dynamic panel models with and without an incidental trend, but has wider applicability and can, for instance, be easily extended to more complicated frameworks such as nonlinear models. Monte Carlo studies show that the proposed procedure achieves substantial bias reductions with only mild increases in variance, thereby substantially reducing root mean square errors. The method is compared with certain consistent estimators and bias-corrected ML estimators previously proposed in the literature and is shown to have superior ﬁ nite sample properties to GMM and the bias-corrected ML of Hahn and Kuersteiner (2002). Finite sample performance is compared with that of a recent estimator proposed by Han and Phillips (2007).
AVR/NAVR deﬁciency lowers blood pressure and differentially affects urinary concentrating ability, cognition, and anxiety-like behavior in male and female mice

NAVR lowers blood pressure and differentially affects urinary concentratingability,cognition,andanxiety-likebehaviorinmaleandfemalemice. vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (ANG II) are distinct peptide hormones involved in multiple organs modulating renal, cardiovascular, and brain functions. They achieve these functions via speciﬁc G protein-coupled receptors, respectively. The AVR/NAVR locus encodes two overlapping V2-type vasopressin isoreceptors: angiotensin-vasopressin receptor (AVR) re-sponding to ANG II and AVP equivalently, and nonangiotensin vasopressin receptor (NAVR), which binds vasopressin exclusively. AVR and NAVR are expressed from a single gene by alternative promoter usage that is synergistically upregulated by testosterone and estrogen. This study tested the hypothesis that AVR/NAVR modulates urinary concentrating ability, blood pressure, and cognitive performance in vivo in a sex-speciﬁc manner. We developed a C57BL/6 inbred AVR/NAVR (cid:1) / (cid:1) knockout mouse that showed lower blood pressure in both male and female subjects and a urinary-concentrating defect restricted to male mice. We also detected sex-speciﬁc effects on cognitive and anxiety-like behaviors. AVR/NAVR (cid:1) / (cid:1) male mice exhibited impaired visuospatial and associative learning, while female mice showed improved performance in both type of cognition. AVR/ NAVR deﬁciency produced an anxiolytic-like effect in female mice, while males were unaffected. Analysis of AVR- and NAVR-mediated phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of signaling proteins revealed ac-tivation/deactivation of known modulators of cognitive function. Our studies identify AVR/NAVR as key receptors involved in blood pressure regulation and sex-speciﬁc modulation of renal water homeostasis, cognitive function, and anxiety-like behavior. As such, the AVR/NAVR receptor system provides a molecular mechanism for sexually diergic traits and a putative common pathway for the emerg-ing association of hypertension and cognitive decline and dementia.
Ultrafast electron localization in the 
EuNi2(Si0.21Ge0.79)2
 correlated metal

Ultrafast electron delocalization induced by a fs laser pulse is a well-known process and is the initial step for important applications such as fragmentation of molecules or laser ablation in solids. It is well understood that an intense fs laser pulse can remove several electrons from an atom within its pulse duration. [1] However, the speed of electron localization out of an electron gas, the capture of an electron by ion, is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that electronic localization out of the conduction band can occur within only a few hundred femtoseconds. This ultrafast electron localization into 4f states has been directly quantified by transient x-ray absorption spectroscopy following photo-excitation of a Eu based correlated metal with a fs laser pulse. Our x-ray experiments show that the driving force for this process is either an ultrafast reduction of the energy of the 4f states, a change of their bandwidth or an increase of the hybridization between the 4f and the 3d states. The observed ultrafast electron localization process raises further basic questions for our understanding of electron correlations and their coupling to the lattice.
Of mice and men: correlations between microRNA-17 (cid:2) 92 cluster expression and promoter methylation in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia

mice and correlations between microRNA-17 (cid:2) 92 cluster expression and promoter methylation in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 311: L981–L984, 2016. previously demonstrated that decreased miR-17 (cid:2) 92 cluster expression was 1 ) present in lungs from human infants who died with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); 2 ) inversely correlated with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression and promoter methylation; and 3 ) correlated with a subsequent diagnosis of BPD at 36 wk gestational age. We tested the hypothesis that plasma miR-17 levels would be lowest in infants who ultimately develop severe BPD. Secondly, we utilized our well-characterized murine model of severe BPD that combines perinatal inﬂammation with postnatal hyperoxia to test the hypothesis that alterations in lung miR- 17 (cid:2) 92 , DNMT, and promoter methylation in our model would mirror our ﬁndings in tissues from premature human infants. Plasma was obtained during the ﬁrst 5 days of life from premature infants born (cid:2) 32 wk gestation. Lung tissues were harvested from mice exposed to maternal inﬂammation and neonatal hyperoxia for 14 days after birth. miR-17 (cid:2) 92 cluster expression and DNA methyltransferase expression were measured by qRT-PCR, and promoter methylation was assessed by Methyl-Proﬁler assay. Plasma miR-17 levels are signiﬁcantly lower in the ﬁrst week of life in human infants who develop severe BPD compared with mild or moderate BPD. Data from our severe BPD murine model reveal that lung miR-17 (cid:2) 92 cluster expression is signiﬁcantly attenuated, and levels inversely correlated with DNMT expression and miR- 17 (cid:2) 92 cluster promoter methylation. Collectively, our data support a plausible role for epigenetically altered miR-17 (cid:2) 92 cluster in the pathogenesis of severe BPD.
Private Preschools and Test Score Gaps in Rural India Paper –

There is a large body of literature which documents the effectiveness of early childhood interventions, such as preschools. While such evidence is available from the developed countries, similar evidence in the developing countries’ context is scarce. Moreover, there has been no rigorous evaluation of preschools in the Indian context. In this paper, I present the first estimates of the effect of private and public preschools on test score, using a unique data set from 3 geographically and culturally distinct states in India (Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Assam). I estimate a value-added model, while controlling for household characteristics, parent’s aspirations, and child’s motivation. I complement the results from VAM with difference in difference matching methods. The effect of private preschools remains significant and positive (0.10-0.13SD) across all formulations. This paper contributes to the existing literature in India on the differential impact of private and public primary schools, by explaining that some of the difference in later years can be attributed to participation in the early years. 1 PhD student Economics, University of Sussex. Contact: sweta.gupta@sussex.ac. uk 2 I would like to thank my supervisors, Sonja Fagernas and Peter Dolton for their guidance and support. I am also very grateful to ASER for providing me with the ECE data set. All views, findings and data cleaning in this paper are my own, and does not reflect on ASER.