Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progress on deinstitutionalisation and the development of community living for persons with disabilities in Europe: Are we nearly there?

Abstract Following the publication of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with a Disability, the rights and situation of people with disabilities have once again become a focus of national, European and international policy and advocacy. Mansell et al., (2007) identified that there were over 1million people with disabilities in Europe living in institutions of over 30 places in size and almost 1.4 million in some form of residential care. This paper reports findings from a review of national and international sources of data on living situation for 27 European countries as of 2019. Although there had been some changes, especially for children and especially in countries where EU structural funds had been used, there were still 1.4 million people living in residential care, with many still for more than 30 people. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities were those who were most likely to still be in residential services. We consider some of the potential reasons for these findings and discuss what might be needed to really advance deinstitutionalisation. Point of interest People with disabilities have the same rights as everyone else to live in the community. This paper looks at where people with disabilities live and how this has changed over time. We found that many people with disabilities still live in institutions and that the number had not changed much since 2007. There have been more changes for children than adults. Fewer children now live in institutions. People with intellectual disabilities are most likely to still live in institutions and least likely to be living and participating in the community. Many countries in Europe still do not have good information about where people with disabilities live and whether they have choice and control or are active citizens. There was more change in countries which had received money from the European Union. However, in many countries, there were no plans for how to help more people to live in the community.
Does the Simple Renal Cyst Treatment Improve Renal Function: A Pilot Study

Background: The current study aims to assess the effects of the large simple renal cyst (SRC) surgery on renal function for the first time. Materials and Methods: This case-series study included 22 patients with larger than 50 mm single SRC who underwent laparoscopic cyst unroofing surgery. Twenty-four-hour urinary protein, creatinine, and volume along with plasma creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured in patients before and 1 month after surgery. Patients underwent abdominopelvic computed tomography-scan without contrast and parenchymal thickness diameter adjacent to the cyst was measured before and after surgery. Results: Mean age and weight of patients were 52.2 ± 8.9 years and 77 ± 10.9 akg, respectively. There was no significant difference between plasma creatinine and GFR before and after surgery (P = 0.25 and 0.37, respectively). Twenty-four-hour urinary volume, creatinine, and protein before and after surgery revealed no significant changes (P = 0.37, 0.08, and 0.31, respectively). The mean improvement of parenchymal thickness diameter after surgery was 10.4 ± 0.7 mm which was statistically significant (P = 0.001). However, it was not correlated with the mean estimated GFR change (r = 0.349, P = 0.13). Conclusions: Although laparoscopic unroofing of renal cyst recovered renal parenchymal thickness noticeably, it did not improve renal function significantly; therefore, the latter factor lonely should not be considered a reason for surgery decision. Observation can be chosen as a safe treatment strategy in large SRCs without concern about renal function.
Optimization of Gas Well Completion and Production Practices.

In water drive gas reservoirs, wells can be completed with a long perforated interval and produced at high rates to minimize abandonment pressure and maximize recovery. Alternatively, the perforations can be limited to the top of the productive interval and the well produced at a low rate in an effort to prevent coning which results in high abandonment pressures if the strength of the aquifer is adequate to support reservoir pressure. This study uses a reservoir simulation coning model to evaluate these two conflicting completion and production practices. The impact of completion interval, gas production rate, and reservoir permeability were evaluated. Ultimate gas recovery was found to be largely insensitive to variations in perforated interval and production rate in high permeability systems. Ultimate water production, however, was found to increase at high gas rates and lengthened perforated intervals. In lower permeability systems, ultimate gas recovery was found to increase significantly as production rates were increased, while ultimate water production was actually observed to fall. Sensitivity analysis of vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, fluid density contrast, relative permeability, and formation dip did not alter these conclusions. The conclusion that elevated production rates can be expected to have no detrimental impact on ultimate gas recovery suggests that gas rates should be maximized in low water disposal cost situations. This finding favors the completion of an interval sufficiently long to maximize production rate and thereby insure that gas recovery and present value of gas reserves are maximized. In high water disposal cost situations, however, it should be recognized that this strategy might result in elevated water production in high permeability systems.
Evaluation of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in lupus patients with and without nephritis

Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a significant source of morbidity in cases with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The efficiency of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an inflammatory marker has been investigated in many diseases. Objectives: In the present study, the clinical significance of NLR in SLE patients with nephritis was investigated. Patients and Methods: A total of 100 SLE patients including 20 and 80 patients with and without nephritis, respectively, and 140 controls were included in this investigation. Clinical findings and laboratory data of whole participants were reported. Inflammatory indices [e.g., erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and NLR] were compared between patients and healthy controls and also between SLE patients with and without nephritis. Results: NLR value was significantly higher in SLE patients [2.81 (1.57-16.07)] compared to controls [1.45 (1.01-4.43)] and in SLE without nephritis [2.60 (1.50-13)] compared to SLE with nephritis [5.82 (3.75-16.07)] (P < 0.001). Based on the ROC/area under curve (AUC) analysis, NLR reflected SLE disease with AUC of 0.904, cut off value of 1.98, 86.2% sensitivity, and 82% specificity. Additionally, NLR with a cut-off value of 3.64 and AUC of 0.935 indicated good sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 81.25% for discriminating SLE patients with and without nephritis. Conclusion: NLR could be considered as a discriminative parameter for SLE patients and for LN. Further investigations are required to consider NLR as an inflammatory parameter.
European Safety Analysis of mRNA and Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines on Glucose Metabolism Events

Few data have been published on the effects of impaired glucose metabolism induced by COVID-19 vaccines. We decided to perform a study to describe Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) of impaired glucose metabolism events reported in the European database (Eudravigilance, EV). ICSRs were retrieved from the online website of Eudravigilance. The reporting odds ratios (ROR) were computed to assess the reporting frequency for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines compared to COVID-19 viral vector-based vaccines. A total of 3917 ICSRs with a COVID-19 vaccine suspected were retrieved, with a total of 4275 impaired glucose metabolism events. Overall, the most reported events were related to “high glucose levels” (2012; 47.06%). The mRNA vaccines were associated with an increased reporting frequency of “type 1 diabetes mellitus” (ROR 1.86; 95% CI 1.33–2.60), “type 2 diabetes mellitus” (ROR 1.58; 95% CI 1.03–2.42), “high glucose levels” (ROR 1.16; 95% CI 1.06–1.27), “diabetes mellitus inadequate control” (ROR 1.63; 95% CI 1.25–2.11), and “hypoglycemia” (ROR 1.62; 95% CI 1.41–1.86) compared to viral vector-based vaccines. mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were associated with an increased reporting frequency of alterations of glucose homeostasis compared to viral-vector COVID-19 vaccines. Clinicians should be aware of these events to better manage glycemic perturbations. Larger nationwide studies are warranted to verify these findings.
Tradeoffs all the way down: Ethical abduction as a decision-making process for data-intensive technology development

Ample scholarship demonstrates that data-intensive technologies have the capacity to cause serious harm and that their developers are obliged to address ethics in their work. This ethnographic paper tells the story of data scientists attempting to instantiate a carefully considered ethical vision into a data infrastructure while balancing competing priorities, negotiating divergent interests, and wrestling with contrasting values. I use their story to develop the concept of “ethical abduction,” which I characterize as an exemplary process by which actors can intentionally and systematically address ethical issues that arise during their day-to-day actions by making decisions with consideration for a foundational ethical worldview. It entails tacking back and forth between divergent but complementary ways of thinking: between establishing ideals and making decisions given practical constraints; between understanding historical context and anticipating future consequences; between acknowledging structural dependencies and accepting responsibility for moral agency.
A SHORT-CUT CONNECTIONS-BASED NEURAL NETWORK FOR BUILDING EXTRACTION FROM HIGH RESOLUTION ORTHOIMAGERY

Abstract. Extracting building footprints utilizing deep learning-based (DL-based) methods for high-resolution remote sensing images is one of the current research interest areas. However, the extraction results suffer from blurred edges, rounded corners and detail loss in general. Hence, this article presents a detail-oriented deep learning network named eU-Net (enhanced U-Net). The method adopted in this study, imagery send into the pre-module, which consists of the Canny edge detector, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the inter-band ratio operations, before feeding them into the network. Then, process skips connections used in the network to reduce the loss of details during edge and corner detection. The encoding and decoding modules, in this network, are redesigned to expand the perceptual field with shortcut connections and stacked layers. Finally, a Dropout module is added in the bottom layer of the network to avoid the over-fitting problem. The experimental results indicate that the methods used in this study outperform other commonly used and state-of-the-art methods of FCN-8s, U-net, DeepLabv3 and Fast SCNN.
Seismic fragility and reliability of structures isolated by friction pendulum devices: seismic reliability‐based design (SRBD)

The paper deals with the seismic reliability of elastic structural systems equipped with friction pendulum isolators (friction pendulum system). The behavior of these systems is analyzed by employing a two‐degree‐of‐freedom model accounting for the superstructure flexibility, whereas the friction pendulum system device behavior is described by adopting a widespread model that considers the variation of the friction coefficient with the velocity. With reference to medium soil condition, the uncertainty in the seismic inputs is taken into account by considering a set of artificial records, obtained through Monte Carlo simulations within the power spectral density method, with different frequency contents and characteristics depending on the soil dynamic parameters and scaled to increasing intensity levels. The sliding friction coefficient at large velocity is also considered as random variable modeled through a uniform probability density function. Incremental dynamic analyses are developed in order to evaluate the probabilities exceeding different limit states related to both r.c. superstructure and isolation level defining the seismic fragility curves through an extensive parametric study carried out for different structural system properties.
Relationship quality and support for family policy during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract Objective We examined how relationship satisfaction changed during the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, as well as how relationship satisfaction related to public policy support. Background Conservation of resources (COR) theory suggests that societal‐level stressors (such as a global pandemic) threaten familial and individual resources, straining couple relationships. Relationship satisfaction is in turn linked with important individual, familial, and societal outcomes, necessitating research on how COVID‐19 impacted this facet of relationships. Method Drawing from an international project on COVID‐19 and family life, participants included 734 married and cohabiting American parents of children under 18 years of age. Results Findings revealed relationship satisfaction declined moderately compared to retrospective reports of relationship satisfaction prior to the pandemic. This decline was more precipitous for White individuals, women, parents less involved in their children's lives, and those reporting higher levels of depressive symptoms. We also found that higher relationship satisfaction was associated with higher levels of support for family policy, particularly for men. At higher levels of relationship satisfaction, men and women had similarly high levels of support for family policy, while at lower levels, women's support for family policy was significantly higher. Conclusion The COVID‐19 pandemic likely amplified facets of social inequality, which is especially concerning when considering the large socioeconomic gaps prior to the pandemic. Implications Therapists, researchers, and policy makers should examine how relationship satisfaction may have changed during the pandemic because relationship satisfaction is linked to child and adult well‐being and relationship dissolution. Further, the link between relationship satisfaction and support for family policy deserves further scrutiny.
The Institutional Costs of Adaptation: Agricultural Drainage in the United States

Tile drainage was first demonstrated in the United States in Upstate New York in 1835 as a method to adapt agriculture to excessive water in soils. Subsequently, innovations in coordinated drainage enterprises, engineering, and tile manufacture led to drainage over large portions of the U.S. Midwest and Southeast. Of the 215 million acres of wetlands estimated to have existed in the contiguous United States at colonization, 124 million have been drained today, 80-87% for agricultural purposes. In this paper we argue that a key institutional innovation, the drainage management district, facilitated local investment in drainage. States in our sample adopted drainage laws between 1857 and 1932, and after adoption each state saw an increase in improved agricultural land in counties with poorly drained soils relative to welldrained counties. We estimate artificial drainage increased the value of agricultural land in each of the worst-drained counties of the eastern United States by 13.5-30.3%, a total increase in these counties of $7-17B (2020 dollars). With the increasing likelihood of extreme precipitation events across the entire U.S., technical innovation in drain tile will be a key component of adaptation to climate change. Our paper points as well to the importance of institutional innovation and its associated costs. *North Carolina State University
Clinical Values and Underlying Mechanism Analysis of Serum miR-455-5p in Carotid Artery Stenosis

Purpose Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a leading cause of cerebral infarction, its early diagnosis and intervention are necessary. In light of the important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cerebrovascular disease, this study aimed to investigate the expression pattern and clinical significance of serum miR-455-5p in the onset and development of CAS, as well as its underlying mechanism. Patients and Methods Seventy patients with asymptomatic CAS were recruited, and the development of cerebral ischemia events (CIEs) was recorded during the five-years follow-up. qRT-PCR was performed for the serum miR-455-5p detection. ROC curve was applied for the diagnostic ability evaluation. By constructing multivariable logistic or cox regression model, odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) were calculated to assess the impact of each risk factor on independent variables. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with ox-LDL to induce endothelial cell damage. The role of miR-455-5p in the cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response was detected. Results Serum miR-455-5p showed low expression in cases with CAS, and had an independent influence on the degree of CAS. The diagnostic ability of serum miR-455-5p to diagnose CAS was determined via ROC curve, with the AUC of 0.927. During follow-up, patients with low miR-455-5p expression showed high incidence of CIEs. In multivariable cox regression model, degree of CAS and miR-455-5p were significant risk factors for the development of CIEs in the CAS patients. In vitro, miR-455-5p was at a low expression in HAECs cell models and can prevent cells from ox-LDL induced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. SOCS3 was a target gene of miR-455-5p and upregulated in ox-LDL treated cells. Conclusion Down-regulated expression of serum miR-455-5p is hopeful to be used as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of CAS. MiR-455-5p is an independent risk factor for the degree of CAS, and has a certain predictive value for the development of CIEs. That might be associated with the protective role of miR-455-5p against ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury via targeting SOCS3.
The sleep physiology of nightmares in veterans with psychological trauma: Evaluation of a dominant model using participant‐applied electroencephalography in the home environment

Nightmares are a core feature of posttraumatic stress disorder, are poorly understood, and are associated with serious negative outcomes. Their biology has been difficult to study, and the feasibility of capturing them in the naturalistic home environment has been poor. This said, the published research and dominant scientific model has focused on nightmares as a manifestation of noradrenergic hyperarousal during rapid eye movement sleep. The current study used at‐home, participant‐applied devices to measure nightmare physiology in posttraumatic stress disorder treatment‐seeking veterans, by examining heartrate measures as indicators of noradrenergic tone, and sleep‐stage characteristics and stability in the sleep preceding time‐stamped nightmare awakenings. Our data indicate the high feasibility of participant‐administered, at‐home measurement, and showed an unexpected stability of ‐rapid eye movement sleep along with no evidence of heartrate elevations in sleep preceding nightmare awakenings. Altogether, these data highlight new opportunities for the study of nightmares while questioning the sufficiency of dominant models, which to date are largely theoretically based.
Investigations of the Fundamentals of Passive Scalar Dynamics using Nano-sensing devices

Turbulence has been the core of numerous investigations over several decades. Among the wide spectrum of turbulence aspects, we focus on temperature as passive scalar advected in a turbulent velocity field. In this study, fundamental flow quantities are revisited by investigating statistically homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, with an imposed mean cross-stream linear temperature gradient. This is made possible by developing a new fast response nano-sensor to minimize measurement errors inherent in conventional temperature probes (cold wires). It is observed that cold wire attenuation has widespread effects on most aspects of the measurements, resulting in the variance and the scalar rate of dissipation being significantly underestimated. Newly acquired data allow for a theoretical study of the temperature spectra, the dissipation range, different scaling laws and intermittencies. By studying the evolution equations of the temperature spectra, conditions for self-preserving solutions are derived and experimentally validated. Self-similarity of the dissipation subrange is explored, which reveals that the temperature field can be independently resolved without knowledge of the velocity field. The results raise interesting questions about the underlying behavior of the scalar field, namely local equilibrium versus non-equilibrium. Based on the proposed scaling and the significant departure of existing models from the expected power-law behavior in the inertial range, a model spectrum is developed based entirely on temperature-related variables, showing a convincing agreement with the experimental data in the dissipation range. The underlying cause of scalar intermittencies, a well-established phenomenon reflected in the exponential tails of the scalar PDF, is yet to be determined. The interplay between advection and diffusion is investigated through their timescales ratio, following the linear eddy model of Kerstein. The analysis reveals a widening iii of the PDF as more of the low frequency content is excluded. The development of the new sensor, along with the fundamental study, inspires new ideas for measuring conductivity as a way to assess humidity in the atmospheric boundary layer or blood damage due to shear stresses. Overall, the study sheds light on the importance of accurate and optimized measurement techniques in the pursuit of understanding turbulence.