Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES LEVELS WITH RECURRENT MISCARRIAGES

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), present in the environment include agricultural and industrial compounds. These compounds have received the most attention because of their persistence in the environment, ability to concentrate up the food web, and their continuous detection in the food supply and drinking water. They can cause endocrinal disruption at environmentally realistic exposure levels. The present study involved 20 women (cases) with a history of at least three recurrent miscarriages before the 20th week of gestation; in addition to an equal numbers of control women undergoing normal vaginal labor at term with live birth. All participants were subjected to a complete history, full clinical examination, Hystosalpingography, chromosomal analysis, immunologic tests, antiphospholipid antibodies and tests for thyroid functions, diabetes mellitus, hyperprolactinemia and OCPs residues were extracted by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There was statistically significant increase in lindane (HCH) concentration in cases group (18.55+1.23) in comparison to control group (12.30 +1.41) while there was non significant increase in both 1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis (4 p -chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and methoxychlor [1,1,1- trichloro-2,2-bis (p -methoxyphenyl) ethane] (MXC) concentration in cases group (2.60+0.59 and 1.50±0.61 respectively) in comparison to their values in control group (2.30+0.57 and 1.25+0.44 respectively. In addition, there was no difference between both groups as regard demographic and clinical data. Also, there was no significant difference between primary or secondary miscarriage and early and late miscarriages as regard any of the studied parameters. In conclusion, this study may highlight the reproductive effects of environmental chemicals on the “course of pregnancy”, as the recurrent miscarriages are associated with increased levels of (HCH) and other OCPs.
Development of New Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Exposure Metrics and their Relationship to “Sick Building Syndrome” Symptoms

Abstract Occupants of office buildings are exposed to low concentrations of complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that encompass a number of chemical classes and a broad range of irritancies. “Sick building syndrome” (SBS) is suspected to be related to these exposures. Using data from 22 office areas in 12 California buildings, seven VOC exposure metrics were developed and their ability to predict self-reported SBS irritant symptoms of office workers was tested. The VOC metrics were each evaluated in a multivariate logistic regression analysis model adjusted for other risk factors or confounders. Total VOCs and most of the other metrics were not statistically significant predictors of symptoms in crude or adjusted analyses. Two metrics were developed using principal components (PC) analysis on subsets of the 39 VOCs. The Irritancy/PC metric was the most statistically significant predictor of adjusted irritant symptoms. The irritant potencies of individual compounds, highly correlated nature of indoor VOC mixtures, and probable presence of potent, but unmeasured, VOCs were variously factored into this metric. These results, which for the first time show a link between low level VOC exposures from specific types of indoor sources to SBS symptoms, require confirmation using data sets from other buildings.
SODIUM‐CALCIUM EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIA IN SOILS AS AFFECTED BY CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ORGANIC MATTER

We carried out a laboratory study to evaluate the effect of CaCO3 and humic matter on the cation exchange equilibria of soils, involving the Ca-Na cation pair. Increasing Na/Ca ratio of equilibrium solutions increased the pH/alkalinity and cation exchange capacity of soils. The effects of increased pH and associated CEC did not change the nature of isotherms, but affected their course. Isotherms for exchange of Ca onto Na soils showed that Ca was the preferred cation, but the free energies of exchange (ΔG°Ca-Na) were found to be positive. Whereas the presence of CaCO3 increased the sodification rate, organic matter counteracted the process of sodium accumulation onto the soils. Results on the exchange isotherm and the effect of CaCO3 and organic matter on sodification and alkalinity are discussed for the natural environment of alkali soils.
Effects of Different Sources of Organic Matter on Some Soil Fertility Properties: A Laboratory Study on a Lithic Rhodoxeralf from Turkey

In this experiment, the influences of three different organic sources on some physical and chemical fertility properties in soil were investigated. The approach involved establishing a plot experiment in the greenhouse with a Lithic Rhodoxeralf and a variety of carbon sources having specific chemical properties applied to the soil of individual plots. Treatments include potassium (K)–humate (KH, 25, 50 and 100 kg ha−1), concentrated plant extract (CPE, 50, 100 200 kg ha−1), and molasses (M, 50, 100 200 kg ha−1). After a 7-month incubation period, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (N), soil reaction (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), and bulk density (BD) were determined, and their correlation to different C sources was developed. With respect to the unamended soil, soil treated with intermediate and high doses of all organic amendments showed apparent increases of SOM, total N, pH, EC, and CEC and a slight decrease of BD.
Biochemical deterioration of soybean daddawa - A condiment

Soybean daddawa prepared using three different processing methods (traditionally fermented seeds, seeds fermented with salt (NaCl) and seeds fermented with starter cultures) were evaluated for biochemical changes in ambient storage conditions. The fermented product was assessed for pH, titratable acid, peroxide value, free fatty acids, antioxidant capacities as well as water and fat absorption capacities as indices of deterioration. The pH of stored samples increased in the alkaline range, titratable acidity of samples also increased with storage. Peroxide values of samples increased significantly from 3.87 meq/kg on the first day of storage to 30.73 meq/kg in two weeks on naturally fermented soy daddawa samples. Values obtained for FFA also increased with storage period, while antioxidant capacity and water and fat absorption capacities decreased drastically with storage. Although, values obtained for the parameters evaluated differed with the methods of processing, the differences were not significant (p>0.05). However, values obtained at the start of the experiment and after 14 days of storage differed significantly. Most of the biochemical changes in monitored functional properties of the samples became noticeable on the 4 th and 6 th day of storage. The results are discussed with reference to food safety and shelf life of the product.
Mineral content of potato tubers grown in the organic system, their nutritional value and interaction.

Aim of this study was to assess the content and nutritional value of selected minerals (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and boron) in potato tubers grown in the organic system. In addition the relationship between elements was examined. Potatoes grown on sandy soil of experimental fields in Jadwisin Department (Mazovia) in Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Research Institute in the years 2008-2010. The dominant element determining the nutritional value of potatoes is potassium, which accounts for organic tubers ranged from 280-580 mg 100 g of fresh weight. With daily demands of 3500 mg, average content of 410 mg K 100 gcovers human demand for this component in 12% (without taking into account losses during processing of the product). Nitrogen is an important element being the main component of protein and its content in tubers was on average 0.26 mg 100 g, which gives about 1.63% protein. Other studied minerals: phosphorus, and magnesium after consumption of 100g of potatoes cover daily requirements for these components respectively in about 8 and 7%. Calcium in organic potatoes occurred in trace amounts 11 mg 100g of fresh matter. The average content of iron, copper, manganese, zinc and boron was: 0.97 and 0.095, 0.15, 0.26 and 0.10 mg 100 g, which covers the demand respectively in 12, 11, 8-6, 3-2, 10-5% for the day. Regression and correlation analysis showed a high correlation between some elements occurring in potato tubers expressed as Pearson’s correlation coefficient at the P and K = 0.74, P and Cu= 0.75, K and Fe = 0.43, K and Cu = 0.50 and Fe and Mn = 0.86.
Chemical constituents from Terminalia glabrescens

A new oleanane-type triterpene (3b,6b,23,28-tetrahydroxyolean-12-ene) was isolated from the leaves of Terminalia glabrescens, together with ursolic, 2a-hydroxyursolic, oleanolic, maslinic, arjunolic, sumaresinolic and asiatic acids, squalene, phytol, sitosterol-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside and n-alkanes. Friedelin, taraxerol, lupeol, lupenone, betulin, betulone, betulinic acid, arjunglucoside I, stigmastane-3b,6a-diol, b-sitosterol, (-) catechin,b-D-pyranotagatose, b-D-furanofructose and a-D-furanofructose were obtained from the trunk bark.
The Use of Stable Isotopes to Differentiate Specific Source Markers for MTBE

The recent controversy over the use of MTBE within gasoline to boost oxygen content and decrease carbon monoxide emissions to the atmosphere has led to a proposed phase-out of this compound by 2002. This paper is a preliminary investigation into the use of gas chromatography isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (GCIRMS) to determine both carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of MTBE as a means of differentiating sources of MTBE. Three pure MTBE samples were purchased from chemical distributors. Little variation of the i 13 C values were observed although the samples had isotopically distinct i -D values. Four different methods of obtaining carbon isotope ratios of neat MTBE, MTBE in gasoline, and MTBE in water are described, and the precision and accuracy of each is discussed. The carbon isotopic compositions of MTBE within 10 gasoline samples from three different areas of the United States show a wide range of carbon isotope compositions. This novel method of MTBE analysis could be valuable in forensic investigations.
Synthesis and characterization of Dopamine graft compound N-methacryloyl 3,4-dihydroxyl-phenylamine

In order to obtain adhesive biomaterials inspired by mussels, the intermediate derivatives of dopamine, N-methacryloyl 3,4-dihydroxyl-phenylamine (dopamine methacryla-mide DMA), was synthesized by grafting methacrylate anhydride to dopamine. The structure of the compound was confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The thermal stability of DMA was also characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeters techniques. The surface morphology of DMA crystal was analysed by scanning electron microscope analyses. The present result showed that the synthesis of new monomers was successfully fulfilled and the new compounds retain the hydroxyl functional groups. The surface morphologies and thermal stability of DMA crystal were also altered by grafting reaction.
Chemical Components of Essential Oils from Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Grown at Different Nitrogen Levels

The aim of the present study was to determined essential oil content and componets of Ocimum basilicum L. grown under four nitrogen applications (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha -1 ). This research was carried out at the experimental fields of Field Crops Department at Agricultural Faculty of Ankara University in 2006. The essential oil content obtained using a Clevenger-type apparatus was analyzed by GC-MS, to determine individual components in essential oil. Average essential oil contents from four applications were ranged from 0.46% in the 100 kg N ha -1 application to 0.48% in the 50 kg N ha -1 and 150 kg N ha -1 applications. The highest essential oil ratio was recorded in the second cutting of control (0.53 %), followed by 50 kg N ha -1 (0.50%) and 100 kg N ha -1 (0.50%) applications. Major components of basil investigated were linalool and naphthalene. The essential oil components of plants exhibited different profiles with respect to nitrogen applications. Average linalool content ranged from 57.93% in the 100 kg N ha -1 application to 61.10% in the control and 150 kg N ha -1 application. The highest and lowest average naphthalene content were 13.87% in the 50 kg N ha -1 application and 11.58% 150 kg N ha -1 application, respectively.
Size-dependent stratospheric droplet composition in Lee wave temperature fluctuations and their potential role in PSC freezing

Rapid temperature fluctuations are shown to cause liquid H2SO4/HNO3/H2O stratospheric aerosols to depart considerably from thermodynamic equilibrium. While HNO3 uptake by larger droplets is diffusively hindered, small droplets can approach the composition of a pure binary HNO3/H2O solution with up to 52 wt% HNO3, 48 wt% H2O and very small amounts of H2SO4. The stoichiometry of these droplets is close to that of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and freezing experiments suggest that this could be a suitable pathway for the formation of frozen polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) of type-Ia.
ESTIMATES OF GENETIC EFFECTS FOR YIELD AND ITS ATRRIBUTES IN CERTAIN BREAD WHEAT CROSSES.

This investigation was carried out at Bahteem Agric. Res. Station through the three growing seasons of 2005/2006, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 aiming to study gene effects for yield and its components in four bread wheat crosses namely; 1(Gemmeiza 9 X Giza 168); 2(Sids 1 X Giza168); 3(Sids 1 X Sakha 8) and 4(Sakha 8 X Gemmeiza 9). The results showed that additive gene effects (d) was important in the inheritance of spike grain weight, number of grains/spike and kernel weight in the 1 cross. Meanwhile, dominance genetic variance was the main components controlling the inheritance of plant height, spike grain weight, number of grains/spike and kernel weight mainly in other crosses. The results of the two digenic epistatic effects additive X additive (i) and dominance X dominance (L) confirm its importance role in the genetic system controlling most of the studied characters. Over-dominance cases were involved in the inheritance of plant height, spike grain weight, number of grains/spike and 100kernel weight in the 1 cross, while partial dominance was present for both number of spikes/plant and total weight/plant in the same cross. The 4 cross gave the highest heterotic value over its better parent for grain yield/plant followed by the 3 cross and at the same time gave highly heterotic values for at least one of its yield components for number of grains/spike. The highest estimates of narrow sense heritability were detected for plant height, grain yield/plant, kernel weight and number of grains/spike in the 1 cross. Moderate heritability estimates were also detected for total weight/plant in the 1 and 2 crosses. High expected genetic gain were found to be associated with high narrow sense heritability estimates which makes selection for such traits in the early generations possible
4‐Aryldihydropyridine, eine neue Klasse hochwirksamer Calcium‐Antagonisten

Die von Hantzsch vor nahezu hundert Jahren synthetisierten Aryldihydropyridine erwiesen sich in jungerer Zeit als hochwirksame und gut vertragliche Calcium-Antagonisten. Paradebeispiel ist der bereits therapeutisch angewandte 1,4-Dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(o-nitrophenyl)pyridin-3,5-dicarbonsaure-dimethylester (Nifedipine). Dieser Stoff setzt die Anfallshaufigkeit bei Angina pectoris herab und senkt den Blutdruck. Die Entdeckung der therapeutischen Wirksamkeit dieser Stoffklasse initiierte erneute Untersuchungen der Hantzsch-Kondensation sowie die Synthese zahlreicher 4-Aryldihydropyridine und verwandter Verbindungen. Aus ihren biologischen Daten lassen sich qualitative und quantitative Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehungen ableiten.
Weather response to a large wind turbine array

Abstract. Electrical generation by wind turbines is increasing rapidly, and has been projected to satisfy 15% of world electric demand by 2030. The extensive installation of wind farms would alter surface roughness and significantly impact the atmospheric circulation due to the additional surface roughness forcing. This forcing could be changed deliberately by adjusting the attitude of the turbine blades with respect to the wind, which would enable the "management" of a large array of wind turbines. Using a General Circulation Model (GCM), we represent a continent-scale wind farm as a distributed array of surface roughness elements. Here we show that initial disturbances caused by a step change in roughness grow within four and a half days such that the flow is altered at synoptic scales. The growth rate of the induced perturbations is largest in regions of high atmospheric instability. For a roughness change imposed over North America, the induced perturbations involve substantial changes in the track and development of cyclones over the North Atlantic, and the magnitude of the perturbations rises above the level of forecast uncertainty.
ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR WITH PROTON CONDUCTING κ-CARRAGEENAN–CHITOSAN ELECTROLYTES

Charge–discharge characteristics of electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) using κ-carrageenan–chitosan based electrolyte is the focus of the present work. Chitosan and κ-carrageenan were blended to obtain films with high mechanical strength. The room temperature conductivity of 0.5 g chitosan + 0.5 g κ-carrageenan (CCPA) film and 0.5 g chitosan + 0.5 g κ-carrageenan + 0.1765 g ammonium nitrate (CCPAAN) film are (1.38 ± 0.36) × 10-6S cm-1 and (2.39 ± 0.83) × 10-4S cm-1, respectively. The conducting species is H+ and conduction occurs via a Grotthuss mechanism. The resistance of the phenol resin based activated carbon electrode film is between 15 to 20 Ω. The capacitance of the EDLCs is stable over 20 cycles. The average discharge capacitance of the EDLC employing CCPAAN electrolyte and activated carbon electrodes is between 13 to 18.5 F g-1.
Coexistence and interfacial properties of triangle-well fluids

Coexistence and interfacial properties of triangle-well fluids are determined by combining the slab technique and the replica exchange algorithm for different interaction ranges (λ = 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5, and 3). This is implemented using both Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods. We make use of a recently proposed substitution of the hard-core repulsion by a linear function with a large negative slope. This makes possible to gain access through the virial route to thermodynamical properties and to employ widely spread packages such as Gromacs. Coexistence curves of these systems were calculated with both implementations and compared to those previously reported in the literature. A good agreement was found among them. Surface tension data obtained from Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics techniques also show a good agreement.
Proteometric modelling of protein conformational stability using amino acid sequence autocorrelation vectors and genetic algorithm-optimised support vector machines

The conformational stability of more than 1500 protein mutants was modelled by a proteometric approach using amino acid sequence autocorrelation vector (AASA) formalism. 48 amino acid/residue properties selected from the AAindex database weighted the AASA vectors. Genetic algorithm-optimised support vector machine (GA-SVM), trained with subset of AASA descriptors, yielded predictive classification and regression models of unfolding Gibbs free energy change (ΔΔG). Function mapping and binary SVM models correctly predicted about 50 and 80% of ΔΔG variances and signs in crossvalidation experiments, respectively. Test set prediction showed adequate accuracies about 70% for stable single and double point mutants. Conformational stability depended on autocorrelations at medium and long ranges in the mutant sequences of general structural, physico-chemical and thermodynamical properties relative to protein hydration process. A preliminary version of the predictor is available online at http://gibk21.bse. kyutech.ac. jp/llamosa/ddG-AASA/ddG_AASA. html.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Inquiry Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia

Laju Reaksi merupakan salah satu materi yang dianggap sulit oleh siswa. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu: 1) materi laju reaksi yang dipelajari tergolong pada level makroskopik, mikroskopik dan simbolik 2) metode pembelajaran yang kurang bervariasi menjadi salah satu penyebab rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran kimia. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi hal tersebutditerapkanpendekatan Inquiry Based Learning . Penerapan pendekatan inkuiri based learning memungkinkan siswa terlibat secara aktif menggunakan proses mentalnya untuk menemukan beberapa konsep dan prinsip materi laju reaksi yang sedang dipelajari. Tujuandaripenelitianini adalahuntukmengetahuiprosespenerapan pendekatan inkuiri based learning dan pengaruhnya terhadap hasilbelajar siswa kelas XI SMKN 3 MataramTahun Pelajaran 2012/2013 pada materi laju reaksi.Populasidalampenelitianini terdiridariduakelasdenganjumlah55 siswa.Pengambilansampeldilakukandengan teknik cluster random sampling . Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasiketerlaksanaan RPP, penilaianafektifsiswa,penilaianpsikomotor siswa danteshasilbelajar. Dari hasilujicoba instrumen diperoleh 34item soal yang valid dengan tingkatreliabilitas tessebesar0,814dengankriteriasangatbaik.Analisis datahasilbelajarsiswadilakukanmelaluiujibeda(ujiZ)diperoleh Zhitumg (0,217)<Ztabel (1,96) dengan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 69,38 dengan ketuntasan klasikalnya 66,66% hampir sama dengan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol yaitu 69,96 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 62,06%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan pembelajaran IBL pada materi laju reaksi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai Z hitung (0,217) < Z tabel (1,96).
To patent or not to patent? An innovation-level investigation of the propensity to patent: Master's thesis

This study seeks to shed new light on the complex relationship between patents and innovations that has remained extremely elusive thus far. The objective of the present study is to contribute to our understanding of which innovations are patented – and which are not – by analyzing the patenting decision for circa 800 Finnish innovations. With the help of econometric methods, the study seeks to shed new light on the question of how the propensity to patent an innovation is affected by the characteristics of the innovation, the market, and the innovating firm. For empirical purposes, the propensity to patent is defined as the fraction of innovations for which at least one patent application is filed, while an innovation is defined as an invention that has been commercialized on the market by a business firm or an equivalent. The innovation-level model for the propensity to patent is derived in the spirit of random utility models. The emerging probit model is estimated on a sample of 791 Finnish innovations using a quasimaximum likelihood estimator called the partial maximum likelihood estimator, which allows for within-firm correlation in the data. The data sample of 791 Finnish innovations used in the study is drawn from the Sfinno database compiled at VTT Innovation Studies (formerly VTT Group for Technology Studies). In an effort to compile the Sfinno database, a systematic review of 18 carefully selected trade and technical journals from the period 1985–1998 has been complemented with a review of annual reports of large firms from the same period as well as with expert opinion-based identification of innovations. Since the Sfinno approach heavily relies on public sources in the identification of innovations, it is clearly more conducive to studying product than process innovations. Hence innovations only developed for the firm’s internal use are not included in the Sfinno database.