Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate expressions for optical coefficients, given in n(p)-type heavily doped InSb-crystals, due to the impurity-size effect, and obtained from an improved Forouhi-Bloomer parameterization model (FB-PM)

In the n(p)-type heavily doped InSb-crystals, at the temperature T and high d(a)-density N, our expression for the static dielectric constant, ε rd a , expressed as a function of the donor (acceptor) radius, rd a , and determined by using an effective Bohr model, as that investigated in [1,2], suggests that, for an increasing rd a , due to such the impurity size effect, ε rd a decreases, affecting strongly the critical d(a)-density in the metal-insulator transition (MIT), NCDn(CDp)(rd(a)), determined by Eq. (3), and its values are reported in Table 1, and also our accurate expressions for optical coefficients, obtained in Equations (24, 25, 28, 29), and their numerical results are given in Tables 2-6. Furthermore, one notes that, as observed in Table 3c, our obtained results of those optical coefficients are found to be more accurate than the corresponding ones, obtained from the FB-PM [11], suggesting thus that our present model, used here to study the optical properties of the n(p)-type heavily doped InSb -crystals, is a good improved FB-PM, as observed in Table 3c.
Share Repurchases and Insider Trading Behavior: Evidence from Korea

Using the context of open-market share repurchases in Korea, we examine insider trading behavior around share repurchase disclosures. In particular, we investigate managerial opportunism as a motivation for share repurchases by analyzing how insider trading behavior differs between direct share repurchases with a strong signal effect and indirect share repurchases with a weak signal effect. We obtained the following research findings. First, in direct share repurchases, insiders become net sellers after share repurchase disclosure. Second, insider net selling is the highest when a company’s stock is overvalued rather than when its liquidity is the highest. Third, insider buy trades are followed by insider sell trades in direct share repurchases. Fourth, this negative relationship is more pronounced in firms with low ownership concentration. Finally, in direct share repurchases, opportunistic firms experience inferior stock performance compared with non-opportunistic firms. Overall, our findings support the managerial opportunism hypothesis, that is, in direct share repurchases, managers engage in informed trades based on the market confirmation bias that a share repurchase is a signal of undervaluation.
Duplex selections, equilibrium points, and viability tubes

Abstract Existence of viable trajectories to nonautonomous differential inclusions are proven for time-dependent viability tubes. In the convex case we prove a double-selection theorem and a new Scorza-Dragoni type lemma. Our result also provides a new and palpable proof for the equilibrium form of Kakutani’s fixed point theorem.
Multi-object filtering with second-order moment statistics

The focus of this work lies on multi-object estimation techniques, in particular the Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter and its variations. The PHD filter is a recursive, closed-form estimation technique which tracks a population of objects as a group, hence avoiding the combinatorics of data association and therefore yielding a powerful alternative to methods like Multi-Hypothesis Tracking (MHT). Its relatively low computational complexity stems from strong modelling assumptions which have been relaxed in the Cardinalized PHD (CPHD) filter to gain more flexibility, but at a much higher computational cost. We are concerned with the development of two suitable alternatives which give a compromise between the simplicity and elegance of the PHD filter and the versatility of the CPHD filter. The first alternative generalises the clutter model of the PHD filter, leading to more accurate estimation results in the presence of highly variable numbers of false alarms; the second alternative provides a closed-form recursion of a second-order PHD filter that propagates variance information along with the target intensity, thus providing more information than the PHD filter while keeping a much lower computational complexity than the CPHD filter. The discussed filters are applied on simulated data, furthermore their practicality is demonstrated on live-cell super-resolution microscopy images to provide powerful techniques for molecule and cell tracking, stage drift estimation and estimation of background noise.
WEIGHTED BV FUNCTIONS

We provide a denition of weighted function of bounded varia- tion when the weight function ! belongs to a certain subclass of Mucken- houpt's A1 weight class. We obtain Poincar e and isoperimetric inequalities in this space and as an application we prove existence of minimal surfaces.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF WOMEN REGARDING RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF VAGINAL PROLAPSE

Background: Vaginal prolapse is a gynecological health issue that affects millions of women worldwide. It occurs when the vaginal canal descends below its normal position. This is a frequent disorder among women that hurts their quality of life. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of women regarding risk factors and preventive measures for vaginal prolapse. Subjects and method: Design: A descriptive correlational research design was utilized. Between July and December 2020. Subjects: the researcher employed purposive sampling techniques on 355 women aged 19 to 49 at seven government maternity and child centers in Port Said. Tools: The data was collected by using an interview questionnaire. The Results: The majority of women surveyed (69.6%) had insufficient general knowledge regarding vaginal prolapse (49.8%) had heard of vaginal prolapse from a medical team, and more than half of the women surveyed in the sample (56.9%) thought that preventive methods for vaginal prolapse were satisfactory (antenatal, postpartum, and postpartum). Finally, there was a significant positive link between women's general understanding of vaginal prolapse and their general practice of it (P=0.000). Conclusion: Women had inadequate total knowledge regarding vaginal prolapse. The vast majority of women practice antenatal, natal, and postnatal measures to prevent the occurrence of vaginal prolapse. Recommendations: It was recommended that a vaginal prolapse awareness program for women in their reproductive years must be implemented to prevent its occurrence.
A novel and holistic approach for experimental x-ray fundamental parameter determination—the Ru L-shell

The present work aims to improve both the experimental and the data evaluation procedures necessary for a determination of L-subshell atomic fundamental parameters (FPs). The main motivation lies in the fact that the established approach, consisting of a sequential evaluation of recorded transmission and fluorescence spectra in the vicinity of the three L-absorption edges, provides relatively large uncertainties for the Coster–Kronig (CK) factors. Up to now, reliable uncertainty budgets were in the order of 15%–100% and more. The novel holistic evaluation procedure addresses these large uncertainties, by employing a much larger experimental dataset extending far above the L1 absorption edge and a combined evaluation approach for a more reliable determination of the CK factors. Here, using the Ru-L shells as an example, their uncertainties are reduced to under 15%. In addition, this enables also the determination of other relevant FP data, such as the L-subshell Auger yields, the L-subshell photoionization cross sections as well as the L-subshell fluorescence production cross sections with significantly lower uncertainties as compared to the established approach.
Experimental study of precast concrete walls with replaceable corner components

To improve the seismic resiliency of precast concrete (PC) wall, a type of emulative PC wall with replaceable corner components (RCCs) was developed in this study. The damage of the PC wall was deliberately concentrated in the RCCs, which can be replaced after an earthquake. Four large‐aspect‐ratio specimens (including three PC walls with different tensile strength RCCs, and one monolithic cast‐in‐place reinforced concrete (RC) wall) were tested to investigate the seismic behavior of the PC wall, the replaceability of the RCCs, and comparability of the PC wall with the RC wall. Although flexural failure occurred for the three PC walls, the locations of damage were different. For PC walls with low and moderate tensile strength RCCs, the damage was successfully concentrated in RCCs, while for PC wall with high tensile strength RCCs, the damage was expanded from RCCs to the non‐replaced part of the PC wall. When RCCs had approximately identical tensile strength to the boundary element of RC wall, the performance of the PC wall emulated that of the RC wall. The ultimate drift ratio of the PC walls ranged from 1.7% to 2.2% which is lower than that of 2.7% for the RC wall. The PC wall, before and after replacing RCCs, exhibited approximately identical lateral load, while slight lower initial stiffness. The vertical displacement profiles of wall bottom section were almost linear, and the yielding and peak strength of the PC walls could be reasonably estimated by assuming the wall bottom section remain plane after deformation.
Investigating horizontal-axis wind turbine aerodynamics using cascade flows

The simplest aerodynamic model of horizontal-axis wind turbines is the blade element momentum theory, which assumes that the blades behave as airfoils, but a correct two-dimensional representation is an infinite cascade of lifting bodies. This study analyzes the conventional and impulse forms of the forces on cascades of airfoils at spacings and pitch angles typical of wind turbine applications. OpenFOAM software was used to simulate steady, incompressible flow at a Reynolds number of 6×106 through cascades of NACA 0012 airfoils. The force equations agree well (less than 1% error) with the forces determined directly from OpenFOAM for four spacing ratios. We concentrate on the “wake vorticity” term, which is ignored in blade element momentum analysis. At a pitch angle of 90°, this term balances the viscous drag when the angle of attack is zero. At zero pitch, which models the outer region of a wind turbine blade at a high tip speed ratio, the term can account for 27% of the axial thrust when the angle of attack is about 4°. The normal force equation, like the angular momentum equation for wind turbines, has no viscous term, which forces the body drag to contribute to the circulation in the wake. It is shown that the airfoil assumption is conservative in that cascade elements have higher lift-to-drag ratios than airfoils at the same angle of attack. An associated result is that separation occurs at higher angles of attack on a cascade element compared to an airfoil.
Associations of smartphone usage patterns with sleep and mental health symptoms in a clinical cohort receiving virtual behavioral medicine care: a retrospective study

Abstract Study Objectives We sought to develop behavioral sleep measures from passively sensed human-smartphone interactions and retrospectively evaluate their associations with sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in a large cohort of real-world patients receiving virtual behavioral medicine care. Methods Behavioral sleep measures from smartphone data were developed: daily longest period of smartphone inactivity (inferred sleep period [ISP]); 30-day expected period of inactivity (expected sleep period [ESP]); regularity of the daily ISP compared to the ESP (overlap percentage); and smartphone usage during inferred sleep (disruptions, wakefulness during sleep period). These measures were compared to symptoms of sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression using linear mixed-effects modeling. More than 2300 patients receiving standard-of-care virtual mental healthcare across more than 111 000 days were retrospectively analyzed. Results Mean ESP duration was 8.4 h (SD = 2.3), overlap percentage 75% (SD = 18%) and disrupted time windows 4.85 (SD = 3). There were significant associations between overlap percentage (p < 0.001) and disruptions (p < 0.001) with sleep disturbance symptoms after accounting for demographics. Overlap percentage and disruptions were similarly associated with anxiety and depression symptoms (all p < 0.001). Conclusions Smartphone behavioral measures appear useful to longitudinally monitor sleep and benchmark depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients receiving virtual behavioral medicine care. Patterns consistent with better sleep practices (i.e. greater regularity of ISP, fewer disruptions) were associated with lower levels of reported sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression.
Effect of an Educational Program on Nurses’ Performance toward Caring for Ophthalmic Patients Affected by Climate Changes

Abstract Background: Climate changes and air pollution profoundly impact on population health at the global scale. Studies have focused on the effects of ambient air pollutants and weather temperature on eyes. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program on nurses' performance toward caring for ophthalmic patients affected by climate changes. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized to conduct the current study in the ophthalmology unit at Benha University Hospital. A convenience sample consisted of all available nurses (n=40) working mentioned setting. Two tools were used, the nurses' knowledge assessment questionnaire and the nurses' practice observational checklist toward caring for patients with eye problems affected by climate changes. Results: 22.5% of studied nurses had satisfactory level of total knowledge pre-program which improved to be 80 % post program and 37.5 % of them had satisfactory level of total practices of eye care procedure pre-program which to improve to 87.5 % post-program implementation. Also there was positive and significant statistical correlations between total knowledge and total practice scores of studied nurses pre and post educational program with p value =(0.003 * & <0.001 ** , respectively), additionally, there was a significant statistical relation between nurses' knowledge as well as practice levels and personal data of the studied nurse’s pre-program. Conclusion: Implementation of an educational program had significantly improved nurses’ performance for ophthalmic patients. Recommendation : Continuous in-service training programs and establishing guidelines to help the ophthalmology nurses revise, acquire, and develop their knowledge and practice toward caring for patients with eye problems affected by climate changes, evaluate the effectiveness of implementing educational programs for caring of ophthalmic patients on their quality of life.
One-dimensional fermi gases with rapid control of interactions: Toward the observation of Dicke states and exotic superfluid pairing

Mesoscopic systems with multi-partite entanglement have applications in quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum cryptography, and quantum enhanced metrology and can give insight into fundamental questions regarding the transition from the quantum to the classical regime. However, the creation of highfidelity, multi-partite entanglement typically requires precise coherent control of a system’s many-body Hamiltonian. Systems in which entanglement develops by a naturally occurring process and persists in the steady state would allow a robust and simple means for creating high-fidelity, multi-partite entangled states. This dissertation lays the foundation for creating highly-entangled Dicke states by such a process in a one-dimensional (1D) gas of fermionic atoms. Toward this end, confinement of fermions in 1D and the rapid introduction of inelastic loss are demonstrated. Rapid interaction control is achieved by driving Raman transitions between different hyperfine states in the electronic ground state of Li atoms to transfer the gas between two-component mixtures which exhibit either negligible or rapid inelastic loss. The dependence of loss rates on magnetic field is observed to be in reasonable agreement with an extremely simple model calculation of multi-channel s-wave scattering made here. Confinement in 1D is provided by a 2D triangular optical lattice. Starting from this incoherent spin-1/2 Fermi gas in 1D, rapid inelastic two-body s-wave collisions should ultimately yield a fullysymmetric Dicke state in the steady state which, in 1D, is the unique dark state with respect to inelastic loss. Observable features of the Dicke states are discussed. The anticipated highly-entangled Dicke states have applications in multi-party cryptography and quantum enhanced metrology. Strong quantum correlations can also give rise to quantum collective phenomena such as exotic forms of superconductivity and magnetism. A grand challenge for physics is to understand and predict how these technologically important phenomena emerge in strongly interacting systems of fermions. Dilute atomic gases
Molar tubes and failure rates–A review

Objectives: To review the failure rates of molar tubes and the effect of molar tube base design, adhesive type, and bonding technique on the failure rates of molar tubes. Data: The revolution of molar bonding greatly impacted fixed orthodontic appliance treatment by reducing chair-side time and improving patient comfort. Even with the many advantages of molar bonding, clinicians sometimes hesitate to use molar tubes due to their failure rates. Sources: Internet sources, such as Pubmed and Google Scholar. Study selection: studies testing the bond failure rate of molar tubes. Conclusions: The failure rate of the molar tubes can be reduced and the bond strength of the molar tubes can be improved by changing the design of the molar tube base, the adhesive type, and the bonding technique
Crowdsourcing Urban Air Temperatures through Smartphone Battery Temperatures in São Paulo, Brazil

AbstractCrowdsourcing as a method to obtain and apply vast datasets is rapidly becoming prominent in meteorology, especially for urban areas where routine weather observations are scarce. Previous studies showed that smartphone battery temperature readings can be used to estimate the daily and citywide air temperature via a direct heat transfer model. This work extends model estimates by studying smaller temporal and spatial scales. The study finds the number of battery readings influences the accuracy of temperature retrievals. Optimal results are achieved for 700 or more retrievals. An extensive dataset of over 10 million battery temperature readings for estimating hourly and daily air temperatures is available for Sao Paulo, Brazil. The air temperature estimates are validated with measurements from a WMO station, an Urban Flux Network site, and data from seven citizen weather stations. Daily temperature estimates are good (coefficient of determination ρ2 of 86%), and the study shows they improve by opt.
Comparison of Predictive Properties between Tools of Patient-Reported Outcomes: Risk Prediction for Three Future Events in Subjects with COPD

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures must be evaluated for their discriminatory, evaluative, and predictive properties. However, the predictive capability remains unclear. We aimed to examine the predictive properties of several PRO measures of all-cause mortality, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and associated hospitalization. Methods: A total of 122 outpatients with stable COPD were prospectively recruited and completed six self-administered paper questionnaires: the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI), Dyspnoea-12, Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms in COPD and Hyland Scale at baseline. Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted to examine the relationships with future outcomes. Results: A total of 66 patients experienced exacerbation, 41 were hospitalized, and 18 died. BDI, SGRQ Total and Activity, and CAT and Hyland Scale scores were significantly related to mortality (hazard ratio = 0.777, 1.027, 1.027, 1.077, and 0.951, respectively). The Hyland Scale score had the best predictive ability for PRO measures, but the C index did not reach the level of the most commonly used FEV1. Almost all clinical, physiological, and PRO measurements obtained at baseline were significant predictors of the first exacerbation and the first hospitalization due to it, with a few exceptions. Conclusions: Measurement of health status and the global scale of quality of life as well as some tools to assess breathlessness, were significant predictors of all-cause mortality, but their predictive capacity did not reach that of FEV1. In contrast, almost all baseline measurements were unexpectedly related to exacerbation and associated hospitalization.
Bounds and Approximations for Stochastic Fluid Networks

The success of modern networked systems has led to an increased reliance and greater demand of their services. To ensure that the next generation of networks meet these demands, it is critical that the behaviour and performance of these networks can be reliably predicted prior to deployment. Analytical modeling is an important step in the design phase to achieve both a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the system. This thesis contributes towards understanding the behaviour of such systems by providing new results for two fluid network models: The stochastic fluid network model and the flow level model. The stochastic fluid network model is a simple but powerful modeling paradigm. Unfortunately, except for simple cases, the steady state distribution which is vital for many performance calculations, can not be computed analytically. A common technique to alleviate this problem is to use the so-called Heavy Traffic Approximation (HTA) to obtain a tractable approximation of the workload process, for which the steady state distribution can be computed. Though this begs the question: Does the steady-state distribution from the HTA correspond to the steady-state distribution of the original network model? It is shown that the answer to this question is yes. Additionally, new results for this model concerning the sample-path properties of the workload are obtained. File transfers compose much of the traffic of the current Internet. They typically use the transmission control protocol (TCP) and adapt their transmission rate to the available bandwidth. When congestion occurs, users experience delays, packet losses and low transfer rates. Thus it is essential to use congestion control algorithms that minimize the probability of occurrence of such congestion periods. Flow level models hide the complex underlying packet-level mechanisms and simply represent congestion control algorithms as bandwidth sharing policies between flows. Balanced Fairness is a key bandwidth sharing policy that is efficient, tractable and insensitive. Unlike the stochastic fluid network model, an analytical formula for the steady-state distribution is known. Unfortunately, performance calculations for realistic systems are extremely time consuming. Efficient and tight approximations for performance calculations involving congestion are obtained.
Modeling and Measurements of Spin Depolarization

An electron bunch in a storage ring becomes spin polarized due to the Sokolov-Ternov effect. The beam may then be depolarized by applying a horizontal magnetic field oscillating in resonance with the spin tune. This technique has been used to measure the electron energy at numerous synchrotrons. In this paper, we report on modeling and measurements of the polarization and depolarization process at the ESRF. We report the results of a Matlab based parallelized spin tracking code that we developed for these studies. We show the change in depolarization resulting as different physical effects are added to the model.