Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of knowledge, attitude and practice amongst medical professionals about antimicrobial stewardship in tertiary care teaching hospital in India: a questionnaire based study

Antimicrobial stewardship is nothing but an integrated approach to improve and measure the appropriate use of antimicrobials by promoting the selection of antimicrobial drug regimen with suitable route of administration, dose and duration of therapy. This minimizes the risk of toxicity and adverse reaction, promotes cost-effectiveness of therapy and restrict the choice for antimicrobial resistant strains. Appropriate selection of antimicrobial drugs is critical to optimize treatment of infections and limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The treat of AMA ABSTRACT
Variation in injury incidence rate reporting: the case for standardization between American and non-American researchers

Background:Injury incidence rates are commonly reported using either a time-based denominator, such as injuries per 1000 player hours, or an event-based denominator, such as injuries per 1000 athletic exposures. Unless researchers give very detailed baseline information on their study population, it is not possible to convert between these units. We previously observed an apparent geographic split in reporting injury incidence rates between American and non-American researchers. Methods:We manually searched all issues of The American Journal of Sports Medicine and British Journal of Sports Medicine published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013 for studies reporting injury risk or incidence during organized sporting events. For each article, the following information was recorded: journal, geographic location of the senior author, method of injury reporting (risk or incidence), incidence rate reporting method (time-based vs. event-based), sports studied, event types included (practice, game/match, or both), injury types reported. Results:A total of 109 articles that reported injury risk or rate were identified. Seventy-four articles reported injury incidence. Twenty-five of the 74 articles reporting injury incidence were written by American researchers, and 92% of these utilized an event-based denominator. Forty-five of the 49 (92%) articles reporting injury incidence written by non-American authors utilized a time-based denominator. Conclusions:Over the last five years, American researchers have chosen to report rates in terms of injuries per athletic exposure, while non-American researchers have preferred time-based rate reporting. Standardization of reporting measures would facilitate cross-sport comparisons of injury rates and metaanalyses of existing studies.
Asupan vitamin B3 (niasin), C, E, dan serat berhubungan dengan dislipidemia pada penyakit jantung koroner di RS DR. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang

Background: Coronary heart disease is a health problem both in developed and developing countries including Indonesia. The result of household health survey in 1992 and 1995 indicated that coronary heart disease was the first cause of death with the prevalence as much as 16.5% and 19% subsequently. Coronary heart disease is caused by many factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking and diabetes mellitus. High intake of unsaturated fat for a long time can increase blood lipid level. Efforts to lowering blood cholesterol can be made by managing macro nutrient intake as well as micro nutrient intake such as vitamin B 3 , C, E, and fibers. Objective: To find out the relationship between intake of vitamin B 3 (niacin), C, E and fibers and dyslipidemia in coronary heart disease at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital of Palembang. Method: The study was analytic observational which used cross sectional design. Subject of the study were dyslipidemia patients of coronary heart disease who were newly diagnosed. There were as many as 50 patients who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria and were purposively chosen. The study was carried out at cardiology room from October 2007 to February 2008. Data of intake were obtained from questionnaires of quantitative food frequency and processed using computer. Chi square test was used to identify the relationship between intake and lipid profile; Spearman rho correlation was used to find out the level of relationship; and odds ratio was used to identify the risk. Result: There was significant relationship between intake of vitamin B 3 , C, E and fibers and total cholesterol (p < α). There was significant relationship between intake of vitamin E and triglyceride (p = 0.015). There was significant relationship between intake of vitamin B 3 , E and fibers and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < α). There was significant relationship between intake of vitamin B 3 , C, E and fibers and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < α). Conclusion: There was relationship between low intake of vitamin B 3 , C, E and fibers of dyslipidemia patients in coronary heart disease.
Internet Addiction and Interpersonal Communication Skills Among High School Students in Tabriz, Iran

Background: Adolescents’ addiction to internet is a serious problem worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Objectives: The current study aimed at estimating the prevalence of internet addiction (IA) and its relationship with interpersonal communication skills (ICS) and socio-educational factors among high school students in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran. Methods: In the current cross sectional study, a total of 2416 students were selected as a study sample size in 2010. The data were collected using a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire. The direct standardization method was employed to calculate IA prevalence. Results: The prevalence of IA was 52.1% in males and 37.0% in females. The standardized prevalence of IA among the study sample was 45.8%. The results of logistic regression analysis suggested the association of the gender (odd ratios = 1.91) and ICS scores (OR = 0.97) with IA. Conclusions: The prevalence of IA among adolescents in the Northwest of Iran was high. Males were at higher risk of IA than their female counterparts. Improvements of ICS may prevent IA in adolescents.
Täydentävien ja vaihtoehtoisten (CAM) hoitojen käyttö Suomessa

Tarkastelemme tassa artikkelissa taydentavien ja vaihtoehtoisten hoitojen kayttoa Suomessa vuosina 2008 ja 2018. Taydentavilla ja vaihtoehtoisilla hoidoilla tarkoitetaan monimuotoista joukkoa erilaisia hoitomuotoja, joita ei tietyssa historiallisessa ja yhteiskunnallisessa tilanteessa pideta valtavirtalaakinnan osana eika niita ole integroitu terveydenhoitojarjestelmaan. CAM-hoitojen kaytto virallisesti hyvaksyttyjen hoitomenetelmien sijasta tai ohella on merkittava, mutta maassamme vahan tutkittu ilmio. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittaa, miten paljon suomalaiset kayttavat CAM-hoitoja ja millaisia muutoksia kaytossa on tapahtunut vuodesta 2008 vuoteen 2018. Tarkastelimme, millaisia hoitoja suomalaiset kayttavat seka sita, kokivatko kayttajat saaneensa hoidosta apua. Tutkimme myos, millaisia mielikuvia suomalaisilla oli eri hoitomuotojen mahdollisuuksista parantaa jokin sairaus. Tutkimusaineistona kaytimme Taloustutkimuksen keraamia kyselyita, joita analysoimme Khiin nelion testilla, eksploratiivisella paakomponenttianalyysilla ja lineaarisella regressioanalyysilla. Tulostemme mukaan CAM-hoitojen kaytto oli vahentynyt viimeisen kymmenen vuoden tarkastelujaksolla. Kaytetyimmat hoitomuodot olivat suun kautta otettavat tuotteet (luontaistuotteet, ravintolisat ja rohdosvalmisteet). Muita yleisesti kaytettyja hoitomuotoja olivat rukous, akupunktio ja kiropraktiikka. Vaikka yleinen usko hoitojen parantavuuteen oli laskenut, niin hoitoja kayttaneet kokivat edelleen saaneensa hoidoista apua. Terapioita, joihin sisaltyy asiantuntijan hoidettavana oleminen, kayttivat eniten naiset ja vanhemmat ikaluokat. CAM-hoitojen ja valtavirtalaaketieteen kaytto eivat olleet tilastollisesti merkitsevasti yhteydessa toisiinsa eli CAM-hoidot eivat vahentaneet valtavirtalaaketieteen kayttoa. Vastaajat hakivat apua laajasti eri hoitomuodoista.
CMODH Validation for C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar HH Polarization Wind Retrieval Over the Ocean

A new HH-polarized geophysical model function (GMF), called CMODH, has been proposed recently for C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ocean surface wind speed retrieval. CMODH has the potential to be directly used to retrieve wind speed from HH-polarized SAR images without converting the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) from HH- into VV-polarization using various empirical and theoretical polarization ratio (PR) models. However, the capability of CMODH for wind speed retrieval has not been comprehensively validated. In this letter, as a case study, two C-band HH-polarized SAR images acquired in RADARSAT-2 (RS-2) quad-polarization and Sentinel-1A (S1-1A) dual-polarization modes are first used to examine the CMODH performance. The wind speeds estimated using CMODH are shown to be consistent with buoy winds. A statistical comparison is then carried out to further validate CMODH using collocated 1457 C-band RS-2 and 284 S1-1A/B HH-polarized SAR images and 110 in situ buoys. The results show that the CMODH-retrieved wind speeds are in good agreement with buoy measurements, with a bias of 0.07 and 0.49 m/s and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.66 and 2.05 m/s for RS-2 and S1-1A/B, respectively. Compared to hybrid models, such as CMOD5.N and various PR models, CMODH achieves the smallest RMSE for wind speed retrieval. Moreover, for the first time, it is shown that the wind speed retrieval capability of CMODH is better than that of CMOD5.N for incidence angles between 30° and 49° and wind speeds between 10 and 20 m/s, which provides a new prospective on wind retrieval improvement using a combination of VV- and HH-polarized SAR observations.
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG DENTISTS AND DENTAL STUDENTS

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) have been a longstanding problem among dental practitioners and are known to affect their daily life. The present study was aimed to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders among dental students and dentists at the Institute of Dentistry CMH Lahore Medical College, and the relationship of MSD with their quality of life and dental work. A self-reporting questionnaire was responded by 108 dental students (from first, third and fourth year) and 42 dentists (house officers and faculty members). The questionnaire included questions regarding demographics, past musculoskeletal pain (MSP), the site, frequency and intensity of MSP, effects of MSP on the respondents’ daily activities and whether they perceived their work in dental clinics as the cause of their pain. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Respondents included 109 females and 41 males. The mean age of the respondents was 22 years (SD ±3.05). Majority of the respondents worked 16-30 hours per week. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 74% dentists and 51% dental students (p=0.011). The most common complaint was lower back (43%) followed by neck (32%) and shoulder (28%). Medical treatment was sought by 41% of the respondents and 13% took sick leave. Daily activities were affected in 27% of the respondents with MSD. Quality of life was significantly more affected in dentists, and 64% of respondents perceived work in the dental clinic as the cause of their MSD.
DISTRIBUTION OF ABO BLOOD GROUPS IN IRAN

During the period 2530-36, population and health studies have been carried out by the School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research in different parts of Iran (Roodsar, Gonbad-Kavoos, Western Azarbaijan, Isfahan, Ghasghai tribe and Saheli Province). Genetic aspects including the distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh in various populations was specially considered in these surveys. Sampling was fulfilled on the basis of "stratified cluster sampling" in all the above mentioned areas. A total of 17,659 blood groups O,A,B and AB at the rate of 39.7, 25.4 and 6.2 per cent and also Rhesus positives and negatives at 93.1 and 6.9 per cent respectively. Regarding the distribution of ABO blood group in some populations we have found our results similar to those of Asiatic Indians and European gypsies. Also, comparison of the results showed the lowest incidence of Rhesus-negatives in Turkamans (1.5 per cent).
Hope turned sour: second-generation incorporation and mobility in U.S. new immigrant destinations

ABSTRACT The number and size of “new immigrant destinations” (NIDs) in the United States grew quickly over the 1990s and 2000s, but Latino newcomers residing in them witnessed a profound negative turn in institutional and political reception after 2005. The present article takes stock of the causes and consequences of this shift, showing how intensifying enforcement and exclusionary policy-making at the federal and state levels after 2005 stoked anti-immigrant sentiment and institutional closure in many NIDs, especially in the South. Though the Latino “second generation” is just now beginning to come of age and to enter the workforce in NIDs, offering new opportunities for data collection and analysis going forward, the extant literature suggests that this shift has significantly weakened its prospects for structural incorporation and upward economic mobility, which are now strongly stratified by citizenship and legal status.
Eurozone Crisis and Banks’ Creditworthiness: What is New for Credit Default Swap Spread Determinants?

The article analyses banks’ credit default swap (CDS) spread determinants, in light of the Eurozone debt crisis. The attention to this aspect is due to the very linkage between banking and sovereign sectors particularly evident during the aforementioned crisis. The study is conducted on a sample of Eurozone banks over the period 2009–2014 through a feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) linear panel data regression. The variables adopted are both balance sheet ratios and macroeconomic factors. The main results confirm the attention pointed at the influence of public conditions to the banking sector, as proved by the significance of variables like the 10-year bond yields or the long-term sovereign rating. It is also interesting to observe the output dealing with public debt, which may suggest opportunities not only of investment but also of speculation for banks on the debt itself. Balance sheet ratios, instead, are not significant. Our study is an additional contribution to the strand of literature that analyses the strong interconnections between the riskiness of banks and the public sector and it is a suggestion to proceed the research with a deeper analysis on systemic risk and its impact on banking CDS spread.
Drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolates from Indore, India.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an Infectious disease existing pandemically in our world.In parallel, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is also increasing. The TB control programs were not successful due to the emergence of multidrug resistance in M. tuberculosis strains. Objective of the present study was to detect the rate of MDR-MTB in the central state of India. Materials and Methods: The study included all new & old cases of pulmonary & extra pulmonary tuberculosis enrolled between January 2013 and December 2014 carried out in our Indore, lab, India. All the patients’ samples found to be TB positive in our lab were tested by Mycobacterium culture and MTB isolated strains were put for first-line drug-susceptibility testing (DST). MDR-TB was defined as TB caused by bacilli showing resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. Results: A total of 60 MTB isolated strains; fourteen were MDRs (23.3%). Resistance to INH, RIF, PYRA, ETHAM,streptomycin (STREPTO) was found to be 41%, 36.6%, 23.3%, 30%, 25% respectively. Conclusions: MDR-TB prevalence was found to be high among both new & old cases of pulmonary & extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Nation-wide and State-wide representative data on prevalence of MDR-TB are lacking in the state of Madhya Pradesh, in India. Efforts needs to be directed towards further continuous surveillance for MDR-TB among newly diagnosed TB cases and old diagnosed cases.
The Effects of Sleep Hygiene Program on Sleep Quality in the Elderly Women

Objectives:This research was tried to investigate effects of implementation of sleep hygiene education to elderly women people living in some local communities on Pittsburgh sleep quality index, sleep hygiene knowledge and depression of elderly women. Methods/Statistical Analysis:This study used quasi-experimental study design. Eligible participants were female seniors aged 60 or older living in a local community. A total of 50 participants were assigned to an 8-session sleep hygiene program (n=25) or control group (n=25). The collected data materials were processed with SPSS 18.0 program. Descriptive statistical method �� ² test, t-test, and Paired t- test were utilized. The outcome variables were sleep quality, depression, and sleep hygiene education.Findings:The findings showed that the program was effective in decreasing sleep disorder. This study experimental group and control group were tested for their homogeneity. As a result, the two groups showed no statistically significant difference in their family member cohabitation status and number of physical illnesses whereas their age and educational background showed significant difference. The homogeneity between experiment and control groups was tested before the experiment regarding the dependent variables of sleep quality and depression.And the sleep quality in experiment group was found at 12.8; and control group, 11.16, representing a significant gap (t=2.52, p=.02). The depression status of experiment group was found at 4.56; and control group, 4.88, showing no significant gap (t=-.27, p=.79). Through the result of impact of sleep hygiene program on sleep quality in the elderly women, Pittsburgh sleep disorder score in participation group was much lower than in non-participation group(t=2.34, p<.05). The depression status represented no significant difference.Level of sleep hygiene knowledge and satisfaction of the program of participa tion group was increased after program. Improvements/Applications:Sleep hygiene program is helpful to acquire life habit knowledge that is needed to improve quality of sleep and to improve quality of sleep.
Molecular Analysis of HLA-DR and Their Association with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that develops within a complex network of genetic and immunologic factors. Both genetic and environmental factors strongly influence the development of SLE. But genetic factors are more important both in determining the overall susceptibility to SLE and in influencing immunologic heterogenecity in affected subjects. Now it is accepted that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes particularly HLA (Human leukocyte antigen) class II constitute a part of the genetic factor for susceptibility to develop SLE. To determine the association of HLA-DR antigens with SLE, this case-control study was conducted over a period of twelve months from March 2013 in Dhaka. Buccal swabs for HLA-DR typing were collected from 46 SLE cases and 46 age and sex matched unrelated healthy controls. HLA-DR typing was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence specific primers. Among 46 cases, female versus male ration was 22: 1 and mean age at study entry was 27.05 ± 8.17 years, ranging from 12.5 – 45 years. A total of 10 (HLA-DR1 to DR10) HLA antigens were determined in both cases and controls. The most frequent HLA-DR observed among cases was DR2 (86.96%) followed by DR7 (41.30%). When compared with healthy controls, the HLA-DR2 was significantly associated with SLE ( p ˂0.05, RR: 4.6914, 95% CI: 1.658 to 13.267). No other HLA-DR had significant association with SLE. No association of HLA-DR was observed with age of onset of disease among SLE cases. Results of the study reveal that HLA-DR2 gene is a risk factor for development of SLE in Bangladeshi population.
An Insider Threat Categorization Framework for Automated Manufacturing Execution System

Insider threats become one of the most dangerous threats in the cyber world as compared to outsider as the insiders have knowledge of assets. In addition, the threats itself considered in-visible and no one can predict what, when and how exactly the threat launched. Based on conducting literature, threat in Automated Manufacturing Execution Systems (AMESs) can be divided into three principle factors. Moreover, there is no standard framework to be referring which exist nowadays to categorize such factors in order to identify insider threats possible features. Therefore, from the conducted literature a standard theoretical categorization of insider threats framework for AMESs has been proposed. Hence, three principle factors, i.e. Human, Systems and Machine have considered as major categorization of insider threats. Consequently, the possible features for each factor identified based on previous researcher recommendations. Therefore, via identifying possible features and categorize it into principle factors or groups, a standard framework could be derived. These frameworks will contribute more benefit specifically in the manufacturing field as a reference to mitigate an insider threat. Keywords—automated manufacturing execution systems insider threats, factors and features, insider threat categorization framework.
Comparison of midazolam versus clonazepam as premedication scheduled for elective abdominal hysterectomies

Background and aim: Anxiety is one of the most common problem which affect the patient during surgical procedures. Thus, anxiolytics have a primary role as premedication preoperatively. With this background, we designed this study to compare anxiolytic effects of oral midazolam and oral clonazepam. Methods: Study was carried out in 80 patients scheduled for elective Abdominal hysterectomy and were divided into group of 40 each. Group M 40 patients were given Tab Midazolam 10 mg, 45 min before surgery. Group C of 40 patients were given Tab Clonazepam 2 mg, 45 min before surgery with a sip of water. All hemodynamic parameters, sedation score, satisfactory score, Hamitlon Anxiety Rating Scale were noted. The patient characteristics were analysed using “Chi-square test” and inter group comparison of the parametric data was done using the “unpaired t-test using software IBM SPSS 17.0. Results: Clonazepam is better anxiolytic than midazolam and has longer duration of anxiolytic effects and with minimal side effects and better hemodynamic stability than midazolam. Conclusion: Tab Clonazepam can be used as premedication to allay anxiety in the patients undergoing elective surgeries.