Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with 1,4-diaminobutane dihydrochloride through heating at reflux

ABSTRACT Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been used to propose solutions and develop better quality products that can be applied to areas such as electronics, materials, chemistry, physics and power generation. However, the tendency of CNTs to agglomerate due to their nanometer size and low interaction with other molecules caused by their structural stability has been problematic. For this reason, the present work presents surface modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through heating at reflux using 1,4-diaminobutane dihydrochloride. The modification of MWCNT was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Termogravimetry (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The most significant change on MWCNTs was obtained after a 24-hour treatment with a maximum percentage of nitrogen content of 2.72%.
Social distance and speech behavior: A case of Pakistani English speakers’ apology responses

Abstract This study investigates the production and perception of apology responses (ARs) of English-using Pakistanis (L2), British English speakers (Native speakers of the target language), and Pakistani Urdu speaker (L1) under the influence of social distance variables. For data collection, two instruments are used; a discourse completion test (DCT in English and Urdu) and a scale response questionnaire (SRQ in English and Urdu). Findings signal that three groups tend to use more Acceptance strategies with the interlocutors of social distance than the close and neutral level respondents, moreover, close and distant level participants tend to favor the use of Acknowledgement ARs than neutral social distance participants, besides, the Evasion category demonstrates that BritE speakers of close social distance prefer the use of Evasion (EV) ARs more often than EuP and PakU. Further, at neutral and distant levels, three groups tend to use a similar proportion of EV strategies. The least number of ARs interacting with social distance factor is used in Rejection category. The close social distance level participants of three groups (EuP, BritE, and PakU) tend to prefer the use of more Rejection strategies than the participants of neutral and distant social distance levels. The SRQ results indicate the operation of negative pragmatic transfer where English-using Pakistanis have assigned the similar values in Situation1 and Situation4 as the PakU group participants have allocated. Generally, both EuP and PakU group approximated the target culture’s sociopragmatic knowledge, both groups assessed the speaker’s close and distant social relation quite significantly equal a pattern that indicates development towards the target culture’s sociopragmatic norms while still under the influence of the L1
UNNATURAL NATURE: ANGLERS REIMAGININGS OF THE LOS ANGELES RIVER AS PARKLAND

abstract The Los Angeles River provides residents with much-needed access to nature and recreation opportunities in a city plagued by a lack of parks. Park access and use in Los Angeles varies greatly along racial and class lines, artifacts of the city’s history. Inequalities exist in how and where people can access urban nature and parks. Fishing on the L.A. River is a response to these inequities. Anglers create their own park spaces and nature experiences through fishing. In this study, videos of fishing activity on the L.A. River were probed and queried to get a sense of the angler experiences. Anglers fish for a variety of reasons, including social interaction, sport, and sustenance fishing to augment insecure food supplies. Angler experiences and constructions of the river are stratified, consistent with patterns of park use in Los Angeles. Anglers frame the river as both a classed and raced social space, mediating the inequities of the raced and classed city it flows through. Keywords: urban parks, fishing, socially constructed nature, YouTube videos
Effect of Graded Theraband Exercise on Myofascial Dysfunctions in Breast Cancer Survivors

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality . Breast cancer is the most commonform of cancer among women. Many breast cancer surgeries leads to dissection of muscles and soft tissuestructures. After the breast cancer treatment many complications are seen in breast cancer survivors. Inthat myofascial dysfunctions are common. These dysfunctions are one of the common sources of pain anddiscomfort. Not only pain but this dysfunction also leads to decreased range of motion, decreased strength,and altered posture. Because of dysfunctions, an upper body function decreases and affects the activity ofdaily living. Graded theraband exercises are effective in improving muscle strength and shoulder range ofmotion in breast cancer survivors. And also helps to enhance functional capacity. Early rehabilitation can beimplanted to reduce pain, improve strength and flexibility which will be helpful in minimize restrictions indaily living activities and improve quality of life. This effectiveness study will help to enlighten the status ofmyofascial dysfunctions in breast cancer survivors. The objectives of the study were as follows: To find outthe effect of graded theraband exercise on myofascial dysfunctions in breast cancer survivors.Methods: A total 40 females who underwent breast cancer surgeries along with chemotherapy or radiotherapyor hormone therapy, were included based on inclusion criteria. All the females received thera- bandexercises along with medications for five days per week and pre and post assessment was done with manualmuscle testing (MMT), shoulder range of motion (ROM), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)questionnaire.Result: The result concluded that strengthening with thera-band showed better effect in the breast cancersurvivors. Strengthening exercise program with resistance band showed significant improvement in theshoulder strength, ROM and activities of daily life.
Changepoint in Error-Prone Relations

Linear relations, containing measurement errors in input and output data, are considered. Parameters of these so-called errors-in-variables models can change at some unknown moment. The aim is to test whether such an unknown change has occurred or not. For instance, detecting a change in trend for a randomly spaced time series is a special case of the investigated framework. The designed changepoint tests are shown to be consistent and involve neither nuisance parameters nor tuning constants, which makes the testing procedures effortlessly applicable. A changepoint estimator is also introduced and its consistency is proved. A boundary issue is avoided, meaning that the changepoint can be detected when being close to the extremities of the observation regime. As a theoretical basis for the developed methods, a weak invariance principle for the smallest singular value of the data matrix is provided, assuming weakly dependent and non-stationary errors. The results are presented in a simulation study, which demonstrates computational efficiency of the techniques. The completely data-driven tests are illustrated through problems coming from calibration and insurance; however, the methodology can be applied to other areas such as clinical measurements, dietary assessment, computational psychometrics, or environmental toxicology as manifested in the paper.
Comparison of the Serum Concentrations of Micronutrients Zinc and Iron in Epileptic Children before and after Administration of Valproic ACID

Introduction: The mortality rate of epileptic patients has increased despite advances in the treatment ofepilepsy. Several studies have indicated that changes of micronutrient homeostasis led to seizures. Theanticonvulsant valproic acid affects the intracellular concentration of micronutrients.Objective: To compare the serum concentrations of micronutrients zinc and iron in paediatric patients withepilepsy before and after administration of valproic acid.Method: A prospective cohort design study was conducted in children with epilepsy from July to December2019 in the outpatient department of paediatric neurology, Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital, Surabaya,Indonesia. Serum concentrations of micronutrients zinc and iron were measured using the colorimetricmethod. Statistical analysis used paired t-test with p<0.05 being considered significant.Results: The study sample comprised 20 children with epilepsy. There were 13 (65%) males. Eight (40%)children were in the 1-5 year age group. Seizure type was generalised in 18 (90%) patients. The mean serumiron concentrations before and after valproic acid treatment were 23.9±16.8 µmol/L and 25.8±16.4 µmol/Lrespectively (p=0.700). The mean serum zinc concentrations before and after valproic acid treatment were13±16.8 µmol/L and 26.8±15.4 µmol/L respectively (p=0.004). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant increase in the mean serum zinc concentration aftervalproic acid treatment in children with epilepsy. There was however no statistically significant increase inthe mean serum iron concentration after valproic acid treatment in children with epilepsy.
Optimizing the Maximum Vertex Coverage Attacks Under Knapsack Constraint

Only when we understand how hackers think, can we defend against their attacks. Towards this end, this paper studies the cyber-attacks that aim to remove nodes or links from network topologies. We particularly focus on one type of such attacks called Maximum Vertex Coverage Attacks under Knapsack constraint (MVCAK), in which a hacker has a fixed budget to remove nodes from a network with the nodes involving different costs for removal, and the hacker’s goal is to maximize the number of links incident to the nodes removed. Since the MVCAK problem is NP-hard, we firstly propose an optimal solution by Integer Linear Program formulation. Secondly, we give an approximate solution by Linear Programming relaxation that achieves an approximation ratio of 3/4, outperforming the existing 1 - 1/sqrt(e) (about 0.39). Thirdly, since the straightforward implementation of our approximate solution has a high time complexity, we propose two heuristics to significantly reduce its complexity while preserving the approximation ratio. We formally prove the correctness and the effectiveness of these two heuristics. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on both artificial and real-world networks, showing that our approximate solution produces almost the same results as the optimal solution in practice and has an acceptable running time.
Effect of different water regimes and organic manures on indole acetic acid (IAA), oxidase activity, leaf area, light transmission ratio, chlorophyll stability index, relative water content and yield attributes of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.)

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam in split plot design with irrigation regimes on main plot (four levels) and organic manures on sub plot (eight levels) with two replications. Among the different treatment combinations, M2S4 (100% WRc through drip irrigation + 50% farmyard manure + 50% vermicompost) exhibited superior performance for leaf area, light transmission ratio, chlorophyll stability index, relative water content and fruit yield as against the poor performance by M4S8 (check basin method of irrigation + no manures and no fertilizers) at different growth phases. Indole acetic acid (IAA) oxidase activity was found to be the lowest in M2S4 (100% WRc through drip irrigation + 50% farmyard manure + 50% vermicompost) as against the highest in M4S8 (check basin method of irrigation + no manures and no fertilizers). Key words: Morinda citrifolia, IAA oxidase, leaf area, light transmission ratio, chlorophyll stability index, relative water content, yield.
Paradiplomacy Policies and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia and Korea

This analysis focuses on the paradiplomatic policies in Indonesia and Korea. The two countries have similar characteristics, namely as unitary state systems, and enacted regional autonomy in the same era, 1998s. This qualitative research aims to examine paradiplomatic types in both countries and why the policies are rationalized. The findings revealed that although both countries are unitary states, paradiplomatic activism runs in different types. Provinces and cities in Indonesia face many restrictions and limitations by national regulations, while regional governments in Korea have more discretions and authorities to practice paradiplomacy around the world. The research finding also portrayed several provinces in Indonesia instrumentalizing paradiplomacy as instruments to provide international recognitions related to self-determination, and this similar fact is not met in Korea. This paper argues that the different types of paradiplomatic policies in both countries are influenced by domestic political conditions and typically influenced by the presence or absence of regional movements.
A perspective on the molecular simulation of DNA from structural and functional aspects

As genetic material, DNA not only carries genetic information by sequence, but also affects biological functions ranging from base modification to replication, transcription and gene regulation through its structural and dynamic properties and variations. The motion and structural properties of DNA involved in related biological processes are also multi-scale, ranging from single base flipping to local DNA deformation, TF binding, G-quadruplex and i-motif formation, TAD establishment, compartmentalization and even chromosome territory formation, just to name a few. The sequence-dependent physical properties of DNA play vital role in all these events, and thus it is interesting to examine how simple sequence information affects DNA and the formation of the chromatin structure in these different hierarchical orders. Accordingly, molecular simulations can provide atomistic details of interactions and conformational dynamics involved in different biological processes of DNA, including those inaccessible by current experimental methods. In this perspective, which is mainly based on our recent studies, we provide a brief overview of the atomistic simulations on how the hierarchical structure and dynamics of DNA can be influenced by its sequences, base modifications, environmental factors and protein binding in the context of the protein–DNA interactions, gene regulation and structural organization of chromatin. We try to connect the DNA sequence, the hierarchical structures of DNA and gene regulation.
ON THE DISTORTIONLESS OF UWB WEARABLE HILBERT-SHAPED METAMATERIAL ANTENNA FOR LOW ENERGY APPLICATIONS

This paper presents a miniaturized antenna-based wearable self-powered wireless systems; the proposed study identifies the possibility to compact a flexible Solant-Rectenna integrated to low energy devices. The proposed system uses the obtained DC currents from RF rectifier and solar panel to recharge batteries. A low-profile Hilbert-shaped metamaterial (MTM) array forming a rectangular patch is conducted to minimize the shadowing effects to 13.3% on the solar panel area. Nevertheless, an Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) square pads array is introduced as defects on the ground plane to remove the negative effects, in terms of losses, of the solar panel bus-bar on the antenna performance. Moreover, the proposed EBG ground plane is utilized to isolate the human body from the undesired electromagnetic radiation leakage in addition to minimize the antenna impedance mismatch caused by the proximity to human tissues. For this, the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is analysed numerically to assess the feasibility of the proposed EBG layer. The antenna shows a frequency bandwidth, S11 < −10 dB, from 0.8 GHz up to 10 GHz; moreover, the EBG inclusions increase the front to back ratio to provide the gains of −1 dBi, −4 dBi, dBi at 0.915 GHz, 1.88 GHz, and 2.45 GHz, respectively. Moreover, SAR reduction is achieved up to 64% down after the EBG layer introduction. The antenna distortion effect in terms of group delay (Gd) after 3.1 GHz up to 10 GHz is tested; the maximum variation is found to be less than 1ns which shows a linear phase response with distortionless waveforms. Such a feature is found very suitable for UWB applications in modern wireless systems. The antenna performance improvement after introducing the proposed EBG defects is validated numerically and experimentally. The solar panel I–V characteristics are measured after the antenna structure introduction. Next, the solant RF port is connected to a rectifier circuit to realize the rectenna performance port that collects the RF energy at three bands in terms of efficiency spectra. Finally, it is proofed that the proposed Solant-Rectenna offers an excellent, compacted, and flexible candidate for the wearable self-powered devices at different bands.
Measuring Ethnic Bias: Can Misattribution-Based Tools from Social Psychology Reveal Group Biases that Economics Games Cannot?

Abstract Economics games such as the Dictator and Public Goods Games have been widely used to measure ethnic bias in political science and economics. Yet these tools may fail to measure bias as intended because they are vulnerable to self-presentational concerns and/or fail to capture bias rooted in more automatic associative and affective reactions. We examine a set of misattribution-based approaches, adapted from social psychology, that may sidestep these concerns. Participants in Nairobi, Kenya completed a series of common economics games alongside versions of these misattribution tasks adapted for this setting, each designed to detect bias toward noncoethnics relative to coethnics. Several of the misattribution tasks show clear evidence of (expected) bias, arguably reflecting differences in positive/negative affect and heightened threat perception toward noncoethnics. The Dictator and Public Goods Games, by contrast, are unable to detect any bias in behavior toward noncoethnics versus coethnics. We conclude that researchers of ethnic and other biases may benefit from including misattribution-based procedures in their tool kits to widen the set of biases to which their investigations are sensitive.
The environmental-biology aspects of use of chitosan and ultrafine particles of copper and iron in the nutrition of broiler chickens

The natural biopolymer chitosan is currently of great interest to specialists in the field of medicine and veterinary medicine due to properties such as biocompatibility, good sorption and low allergenicity. The aim of the study is to study the environmental-biology effect of chitosan and UFP on growth, productivity and morpho-biochemical blood parameters of broiler chickens. The study was performed on broiler chickens of «ArborAcres» cross (n = 60) in the conditions of vivarium. Biochemical studies of blood serum were performed using an automated analyzer CS-T240 (DIRUI Industrial Co., Ltd, China). The use of chitosan (group I) and UFP (group II) leads to a positive productive effect, however, the joint feeding with chitosan with UFP (group III) does not give a similar result. Feeding with chitosan-containing diet (group I) reduced the concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides to a greater extent than the use of UFP (group II). Against the background of the introduction of chitosan into food (group I), the activity of catalase increased compared with that of the control. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, decreased with all variants of feed additives. The use of chitosan and UFP in the diets of broiler chickens is advisable and helps to normalize the metabolism and productivity of the bird. The results indicate a promising approach, and requires further research as a component that can be used in the industrial production of animal feed.
Dielectric Properties of Switchgrass and Corn Stover in the Radio Frequency Range

The dielectric properties of biological materials are relevant when developing moisture content sensors. However, little is known about the permittivities of switchgrass and corn stover in a wider frequency range. The goal of this research was to determine their dielectric constants and loss factors at different moisture contents across a frequency range of 5 Hz to 13 MHz and with the material static and in motion inside a sample container. The permittivity of these materials was calculated by measuring their admittance in a test fixture using an impedance analyzer at three different moisture levels (9.0% to 30.5%). Overall, the materials‘ dielectric properties increased with moisture but decreased with frequency. Prediction models were developed using the data in a frequency range of 10 kHz to 5 MHz. Model coefficients of determination were higher than 0.90 in general, except for the model measuring the loss factor of switchgrass in motion. Additionally, the dielectric constant was not different with the materials static or in motion, but the loss factor values were distinct. This work can be used for the development of electrical moisture content sensors for switchgrass and corn stover.
Electrochemical Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species at Pt (111)—A Density Functional Theory Study

Density functional theory was used to investigate the influence of the Pt adsorption state on the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) as two important reactive oxygen species. We generated the free energy diagrams of reduction sequences involving O2 and H2O2 as reactants and H2O2, •OH, or H2O as products. The Pt (111)–water interface was considered in three adsorption states that are encountered in different regions of the electrode potential: an adsorption state with a monolayer of hydrogen (low electrode potential); a clean surface (intermediate potential); and an adsorption state with 1/3 of a monolayer of oxygen (high potential). Results reveal a strong impact of surface water interactions on the pathways of water oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. In agreement with experimental results reported in the literature, we found that the oxygen reduction pathway is highly sensitive to the hydrogen coverage. Coverage by one monolayer hydrogen renders the surface highly hyd.
Spatial distribution of rice productivity utilizes sentinel-2A and NDVI algorithm in Nagrak Sub-district, Sukabumi Regency

Rice is a commodity of rice-producing food crops that plays a vital role in the Indonesian economy. For anticipating increased food needs, accurate information about the amount of harvest becomes very important. Information on the number of harvests, one of which can be known by estimating rice productivity. Rice productivity estimation can be monitored by remote sensing. This study used a remote sensing approach by employing satellite imagery from Sentinel-2A sensors to generate vegetation index. This study used NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) to determine rice plants’ age and estimate rice productivity. This study analyzes rice productivity and the spatial distribution of rice crop productivity in the Nagrak Sub-district, Sukabumi Regency. The results of this study are Sentinel 2-A and algorithm could provide rice productivity estimation and know the range of the largest rice productivity is greater than 6 ton per hectare, which is widely spread at an altitude of 500 -1000 meter above sea level and a slope of 8 to 15 percent, and a distance of 0 - 150 meters from the river.