Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spousal effects on wages, labour supply and household production in Ghana

The theory of working spouse premium or penalty postulates that a spouse’s hours of work impact their partner’s wages while the theory of labour supply suggests that spouses’ wages influence their partners’ hours of work (Killewald & Gough 2013; Song 2007; Weeden, Cha & Bucca 2016). These seemingly contradicting theories have attracted a vast amount of empirical literature in developed countries (Glauber 2007; Kelly & Grant 2012; Killewald 2013; Schmitt 2010). However, very limited evidence exists in developing countries where labour market rigidities, social norms and cultural values play an important role in shaping the extent of validity (or otherwise) of these theories (Petersen, Penner & Hogsnes 2011). Most of the studies on marriage premiums or penalties have focused mainly on the husband. According to Breusch and Gray (2004), the little evidence that is available shows positive (but small), zero or even negative effects of marriage on women’s remuneration. In many developing countries, social norms and cultural practices influence intra-household bargaining power, gender roles and resources allocation (Doss 2013). This means that analysis of the determinants of labour market outcomes and household production need to be context specific.
Towards an Energy Self-Sufficient Resource Recovery Facility by Improving Energy and Economic Balance of a Municipal WWTP with Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment

The recent trend of turning wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into energy self-sufficient resource recovery facilities has led to a constant search for solutions that fit into that concept. One of them is chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), which provides an opportunity to increase biogas production and to significantly reduce the amount of sludge for final disposal. Laboratory, pilot, and full-scale trials were conducted for the coagulation and sedimentation of primary sludge (PS) with iron sulphate (PIX). Energy and economic balance calculations were conducted based on the obtained results. Experimental trials indicated that CEPT contributed to an increase in biogas production by 21% and to a decrease in sludge volume for final disposal by 12% weight. Furthermore, the application of CEPT may lead to a decreased energy demand for aeration by 8%. The removal of nitrogen in an autotrophic manner in the side stream leads to a further reduction in energy consumption in WWTP (up to 20%). In consequence, the modeling results showed that it would be possible to increase the energy self-sufficiency for WWTP up to 93% if CEPT is applied or even higher (up to 96%) if, additionally, nitrogen removal in the side stream is implemented. It was concluded that CEPT would reduce the operating cost by over 650,000 EUR/year for WWTP at 1,000,000 people equivalent, with a municipal wastewater input of 105,000 m3/d.
Inclusive leadership and extra-role behaviors in higher education: does organizational learning mediates the relationship?

Building on social exchange theory and relational leadership theory, this paper proposes a model of inclusive leadership in higher education institutions. Together with an attempt to examine the impact of inclusive leadership on extra-role behaviors of academic staff, the paper aims to test the intervening mechanism of organizational learning among the aforementioned relationships. ,Data were collected from 227 academic staff working in the Palestinian higher education institutions. Partial least squares (PLS-SEM) analysis technique was utilized to examine the hypotheses. ,The findings reveal that inclusive leadership exerts a positive effect on extra-role behaviors (organizational citizenship behaviors and innovative work behaviors) in the Palestinian higher education setting. Moreover, the findings show that organizational learning plays a significant mediating role among the relationships examined,Academic communities are increasingly diverse. This diversity requires a work environment in which employees take on additional work roles. In response to this diversity, managers of higher education institutions should be concerned about the roles and practices of inclusive leaders. In addition, higher education institutions need to be learning organizations since this would help to mitigate this diversity and create a working atmosphere characterized by continuous learning, collaboration and dialogue. ,In higher education, most of the literature on inclusive academic leadership is mainly theoretical. Furthermore, organizational learning in higher education research is based on anecdotal perspectives (Dee and Leisyte, 2016). To this end, this paper is novel, as it is one of few studies to empirically investigate inclusive leadership and extra-role behaviors via organizational learning in a non-western academic context.
Environmental and anthropogenic correlates of migratory speeds among Atlantic salmon smolts

Dams, weirs, and hydropower facilities are often cited as migratory barriers which impart significant reductions in fitness among migratory fish species. Even where upstream and downstream passage options are available, barrier passage can still often result in energetic or physical costs which compound delays or cause mortality. Past studies have identified variables associated with such fitness reductions, though few examine their effects in the context of the whole river scale. To this end, we assessed the migratory rates and downstream passage of radio‐tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts through nine river sections (including two reservoir sections and one dammed section) along a 20 km stretch of river. Migration stoppages were not found to be elevated in reservoir or dammed sections, while migration rates were best described by physical river properties (width), biological traits (smolt total length), and seasonal variables (diel period) rather than anthropogenic factors. These results suggest the negative effect of reservoirs may primarily be due to their influence on river width and may be negligible when width is largely unaffected by an impoundment. Similarly, spilling water during fish migrations as a mitigative measure appears to make delays negligible. These conditions and actions may not completely marginalize the effect of dams, however, as a negative trend was still observed resulting from passage effects at the dam.
What motivates the adoption of green restaurant products and services? A systematic review and future research agenda

s to gauge their relevance to restaurant adoption. We were thus left with 182 studies as a result. Finally, we proceeded to read the full text of each article. We eliminated all studies that did not have consumer adoption as the focus of the study. Examples of such topics included studies that discussed green measures in restaurants without considering consumer perception or its influence on their adoption decision. We were left with only 42 studies that studied consumers' adoption of green restaurants. To ensure that no relevant studies were left out, we performed reverse and forward citation analysis on every study. In doing so, we were able to identify eight more studies investigating green restaurant adoption. The 50 extracted research articles were then analyzed using qualitative content analysis techniques. We used a qualitative content analysis approach to analyze our search results (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005). An increasing number of health and social science researchers currently use qualitative research approaches to examine novel topics, provide textual information, and identify the years, subject, authors, and institutes of the published materials (Bouyssou & Marchant, 2011). When analyzing the research articles, we took special care to note the following information: the article's journal source, year of publication, the primary issue 2226 T. M. ET AL.
Impact of Sintering Temperature on Crystallite size and Optical Properties of SnO2 Nanoparticles

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method and kept at sintering temperatures (800-1200 ºC). The tin (II) chloride dehydrate (SnCl2.2H2O) used to prepared the SnO2 precursor solution. The Tin oxide nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electronic spectroscopy (FESEM), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The nanoparticles size of SnO2 depends on the degree of sintering temperature, it found crystallite size (22.12,27.34 , 36.11 and 42.02) nm of the SnO2 at800, 900, 1000 and 1200°C, respectively. XRD shows a pure tetragonal rutile crystalline structure for SnO2 nanoparticles. FESEM images revealed the particles size increased with increasing sintering temperature. The transmittance and absorption are affected by an increased degree of sintering temperature. The band gap of SnO2 nanoparticles decreased with increasing sintering temperature (2.6 to 2.4) eV when temperature raised from 800 to 1200 ºC, which belongs to the effect of particle size
Higher education and violent revolutionary activism under authoritarianism: Subnational evidence from Iran

Existing research shows that education reduces the likelihood of individuals’ participation in political violence and increases conventional political participation, such as voting. However, how does education affect political behavior in authoritarian contexts where opportunities for conventional political participation are limited or non-existent? Focusing on higher education, I argue that college education is likely to encourage violent revolutionary activism in authoritarian contexts because of two mechanisms. First, higher educational institutions facilitate social network-building and, as a result, make recruitment easier. Second, higher education increases expectations for political participation in authoritarian contexts where opportunities for institutionalized activity are often limited. The absence of peaceful paths for political engagement makes violent activism an appealing choice under authoritarianism. I use an original dataset of Iranian armed revolutionary activists in the 1960s and the 1970s to test the argument. I utilize quantitative and qualitative sources such as census data, biographical information, primary archival documents, and interviews with former revolutionary activists to explore why individuals engage in violent activism under authoritarianism and how education contributes to their decision to join armed anti-government groups. The findings suggest that higher education significantly increases the probability of individuals’ participation in armed revolutionary activism against authoritarianism.
Protective effects of selenium on electromagnetic field-induced apoptosis, aromatase P450 activity, and leptin receptor expression in rat testis

Objective(s): Electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by mobiles may affect the male reproductive system. Selenium, as an antioxidant, may protect against electromagnetic field-induced tissue damage. Theis study aimed to investigate the effects of selenium on rat testis exposed to electromagnetic fields. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely EM group (2100 MHZ), EM/SE group (2100 MHZ + selenium (0.2 mg/kg), SE group (selenium 0.2 mg/kg), CONT (control group). Serum LH, FSH, testosterone, leptin and aromatase levels, testis weight and volume index, sperm parameters (count and abnormal percent), seminiferous tubule diam¬eters, germinal epithelia thickness, immunoreactivity of leptin receptor and caspase-3 (for apoptotic cells in germinal epithelium) were investigated. Results: Our results showed that serum LH, FSH, GnRH, testosterone level, sperm count, germinal epithelium thickness, and seminiferous tubule diameter were significantly declined in the EM group compared with the CONT group (P<0.05). However, in the EM group, the serum leptin level, sperm abnormality, aromatase enzyme level, apoptotic cells, and leptin receptor were increased compared with the CONT group (P<0.05). Furthermore, an increase in sperm count, germinal epithelium thickness, seminiferous diameters, serum LH, FSH, and GnRH, and testosterone levels, and a significant decrease in sperm abnormality, leptin receptor and apoptotic cells in the EM/SE group compared with the EM group were also observed (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that electromagnetic radiation may have detrimental impacts on the male reproductive system, which can be prevented by use of selenium.
Face Recognition Based on CD-RBM and BM-ILM

In recent years, the application of neural networks in face recognition has improved its accuracy greatly. However, it still suffers from the disappearance of the network gradient and the training cost. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid method which combines the contrast divergence algorithm (CD) accelerated Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) and the Integrated Learning Method (ILM) with the Boosting algorithm (BM). First, we use RBM to establish a minimum energy model of the sample distribution. Then we use CD to speed up the feature extraction of samples in RBM. And then we build a multi-classifier with heterogeneous samples for ILM by BM. Finally, we experience our proposed method on the ORL database and the AR database. The results show that, with a simpler neural network determined by CD-RBM and BM-ILM, the recognition accuracy is better than that without the proposed method.
Influence of the Hydric State and Lime Treatment on the Thermal Conductivity of a Calcareous Tufa

An experimental study was conducted to investigate changes of thermal conductivity of a raw and lime-treated calcareous tufa (north-west of Algeria) during drying process. Treated (with 4% of lime) and untreated samples were prepared by static compaction at the Standard Proctor Optimum (SPO), Modified Proctor Optimum (MPO) and at a constant stress level of 4 MPa. Transient Hot Wire (THW) method was used to measure the thermal conductivity and the water content and degree of saturation of samples were determined at various drying times. Results show that the drying process induces a decrease in thermal conductivity. This parameter seems to vary linearly with the water content and the degree of saturation. In addition, it was found that the lime treatment leads also to a decrease in the thermal conductivity. Thus, the drying process and the lime treatment will jointly contribute to the reduction of the thermal conductivity of the studied material in such a way that it is more insulating than some traditional building materials like concrete or fired bricks. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091663 Full Text: PDF
Similarities and differences between gliding glow and gliding arc discharges

In this work we have analyzed the properties of a gliding dc discharge in argon at atmospheric pressure. Despite the usual designation of these discharges as ‘gliding arc discharges’, it was found previously that they operate in two different regimes—glow and arc. Here we analyze the differences in both regimes by means of two dimensional fluid modeling. In order to address different aspects of the discharge operation, we use two models—Cartesian and axisymmetric in a cylindrical coordinate system. The obtained results show that the two types of discharges produce a similar plasma column for a similar discharge current. However, the different mechanisms of plasma channel attachment to the cathode could produce certain differences in the plasma parameters (i.e. arc elongation), and this can affect gas treatments applications.
Development of mathematics learning tool based on open-ended with jumping task and the effects on creative thinking ability of junior high school students

This study aims to develop a learning tool based on open-ended with jumping task on the material of the system of linear equations in a two variable for grade VIII junior high school students and to determine the effects on students’ creative thinking ability. This research was mixed method, which combines qualitative research and quantitative research. The development model used in this research is Thiagarajan which goes through four stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. Meanwhile, for experimental research using quasi experimental design, namely pretest-posttest for non equivalent control group design. The subjects of this study were students of Islamic Junior High School Wahid Hasyim Balung. Two classes were selected as the research sample, class 8A as the experimental class and class 8B as the control class. Students’ creative thinking abilities were measured using tests of creative thinking ability. The results showed that learning tool based on open-ended with jumping task met the criteria of validity, practicality, effectiveness, and had a significant effect on students’ creative thinking ability.
Ecotoxicity and Hemolytic Activity of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids

The task-specific design of ionic liquids (ILs) has emerged in several industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The family of ILs with fluorine tags equal to or longer than four carbon atoms, the fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs), combine the best properties of ILs with the ones of perfluorinated compounds, and are being designed for several specific purposes. In the pharmaceutical field, there is an urgency to search for novel antibacterial agents to overcome problems associated to antimicrobial resistances. Then, the main purpose of this work is to evaluate the environmental impact and the ability of FILs to be used as antibacterial agents against Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteria. Beyond its rare pathogenicity, these bacteria are also used as a bioremediation agent to treat several contamination sites. Then, it is important to determine which FILs have antibacterial properties, and which do not impact the bacterial growth. The biocompatibility of FILs was also evaluated through their hemolytic activity and represent a step forward the application of FILs in pharmaceutical applications. The results proved that high concentrations of FILs can have a reduced ecotoxicity and a high biocompatibility. [C8C1Im][CF3SO3] was identified as the most promising compound to be used as an antibacterial agent since it prevents the growth of bacteria at concentrations compatible with the red blood cells’ viability.
Flame Dynamic Response to Inlet Flow Perturbation in a Turbulent Premixed Combustor

This paper describes the forced flame response in a turbulent premixed gas turbine combustor. The fuel was premixed with the air upstream of a choked inlet to avoid equivalence ratio fluctuations. To impose the inlet flow velocity, a siren type modulation device was developed using an AC motor, rotating and static plates. Measurements were made of the velocity fluctuation in the nozzle using hot wire anemometry and of the heat release fluctuation in the combustor using chemiluminescence emission. The test results showed that flame length as well as geometry was strongly dependent upon modulation frequency in addition to operating conditions such as inlet velocity. Convection delay time between the velocity perturbation and heat release fluctuations was calculated using phase information of the transfer function, which agreed well with the results of flame length measurements. Also, basic characteristics of the flame nonlinear response shown in the current test conditions were introduced.
Environmental knowledge and behavior of employees in office building

The environmental problem faced by the world nowadays is getting worse. If this condition continues to occur, then the industrial and service sector will not last long. One of the factors which can succeed in the company environmental program is environmental care behavior. It needs knowledge related to the environment to have the ability to act following the environmental principles and can succeed in the implementation of an EMS system. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the correlation between employee’s environmental knowledge and environmental care behavior. This research used a quantitative approach and conducted at one of the logistics companies. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire. Then, research data analysis was conducted through correlation and regression analysis using SPSS software. The basis of deciding on hypothesis acceptance was based on the significance value (p) based on the reliability level 95%. The research results show a correlation between employees’ knowledge and environmental care behavior with p-value ≤ 0,05, namely 0,000. Then, the result of the determination coefficient is based on, namely, in the amount of R2 = 0,359, which means the employee’s knowledge variable can explain the change of environmental care behavior in the amount of 35,9%.
Global Near-Surface Wind Speed Changes over the Last Decades Revealed by Reanalyses and CMIP6 Model Simulations

Near-surface (10 m) wind speed (NWS) plays a crucial role in many areas, including hydrological cycles, wind energy production, and air pollution, but what drives its multidecadal changes is still unclear. Using reanalysis datasets and model simulations from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Projection (CMIP6), this study investigates recent trends in the annual mean NWS. The results show that the Northern Hemisphere (NH) terrestrial NWS experienced significant (p < 0.1) decreasing trends during 1980–2010, when the Southern Hemisphere (SH) ocean NWS was characterized by significant (p < 0.1) upward trends. However, during 2010–19, global NWS trends shifted in their sign: NWS trends over the NH land became positive, and trends over the SH tended to be negative. We propose that the strengthening of SH NWS during 1980–2010 was associated with an intensified Hadley cell over the SH, while the declining of NH land NWS could have been caused by changes in atmospheric circulation, alteration of vegetation and/or land use, and the accelerating Arctic warming. The CMIP6 model simulations further demonstrate that the greenhouse gas (GHG) warming plays an important role in triggering the NWS trends over the two hemispheres during 1980–2010 through modulating meridional atmospheric circulation. This study also points at the importance of anthropogenic GHG forcing and the natural Pacific decadal oscillation to the long-term trends and multidecadal variability in global NWS, respectively.