Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low back pain and its influence on injury risk among surgeons – preliminary study

Introduction. Musculoskeletal disorders appear to be one of the most common work-related complaints among physicians. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among surgeons and its influence on postural stability and risk of injuries. Material and methods. The study group comprised of 21 surgeons (11 orthopedic surgeons, 10 other surgical specialties) at the average age 43 years (range 27-66). exclusion criteria contained: drugs affecting balance, neurological, ophthalmological and laryngological diseases, current complaints on musculoskeletal system. The study protocol included general questionnaire, polish version of Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale and tests on the stabilometric platform (TecnoBody with PROKiN Line software). We assessed the results of stabilometric tests with open and closed eyes and Average Track error (A.T.e) during “Proprioceptive assessment test” in the range of 7.5-12.5°. Results. Low back pain (LBP) was reported by 19 from 21 surgeons. Average result in Oswestry questionnaire was 3.8 point (7.6% disability – minimal disability). One surgeon reached 24% of disability (moderate disability). The intensity of LBP was not linked to age, job seniority, BMi, activity level, specialty (orthopedic surgeons vs others) and results of tests performed on the stabilometric plate(p > 0.05). Orthopedic surgeons had significantly worse results for left ankle joint than other surgeons (A.T.e + Time 126.4 vs 108.6, p < 0.05). A.T. e was linked to job seniority (R = 0.47, p < 0.05). Conclusion. Low back pain is common among surgeons. Usually it is mild and does not require any interventions. Low back pain does not affect postural stability and proprioception, thereby the risk of injury has not been increased. Orthopedic surgeons have higher risk of left ankle joint injury than other surgeons, independently on back pain intensity.
Patterns of Change in Body Weight Among Individuals During Inpatient Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa

Patterns of Change in Body Weight during Inpatient Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa Karen Marlene Jennings Barbara E. Wolfe, PhD, PMHCNS-BC, FAAN Dissertation Committee Chair Despite the chronicity and less than optimal outcomes of inpatient treatment (IPT) for anorexia nervosa (AN), treatment guidelines continue to reflect the common notion of onesize-fits-all and the process of weight restoration continues to be poorly understood. Weight restoration, a primary goal of IPT for AN, does not occur in isolation but rather reflects an adaptation process within internal and external environments. It is unknown whether or not there are unique patterns of change in body weight that are associated with factors identified in the existing literature as being predictors of weight gain. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which patterns of change in body weight existed among individuals during IPT for AN, and the relationship with factors identified in the existing literature as being predictors of weight gain (i.e., age at time of admission, admission caloric intake, percent of ideal body weight [IBW] at time of admission, body weight at time of discharge, body mass index [BMI] at time of discharge). Individuals who were diagnosed with AN and admitted to the inpatient unit of an eating disorder treatment facility in the Northeast between January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015 were included in this retrospective, exploratory study (N = 500). Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify distinct trajectories of change in body weight, and to determine the risk of being in a particular trajectory. Four distinct trajectories were identified: weight gain (n = 197), weight loss (n = 177), weight plateau (n = 82), and weight fluctuate (n = 44) groups. Significant predictors of trajectories were age, history of prior IPT for AN, admission caloric intake, body weight at time of admission and discharge, and length of stay. Results from this study suggest that a further understanding of patterns of change in body weight among individuals with AN, will help guide assessment and treatment interventions and consequently influence outcomes. Additionally, there is an opportunity to update treatment guidelines and recommendations for AN.
A Knowledge Contribution Model to a Knowledge Management System

An organization’s capability to amalgamate and disseminate its intellectual capital to enhance organizational learning and decision-making – knowledge management (KM) is linked to the long-term viability of many firms and is becoming increasingly dependent on the contributions of employees. In this paper, we explore the motivations for the continual non-perfunctory contribution of knowledge to knowledge management systems and propose a success model, with Knowledge Contribution as the major variable of interest and Individual Belief Structure and Organizational Context as key antecedents of success. While some components of the model have been empirically tested in prior research, the knowledge contribution construct remains unexplored. We therefore derive several propositions from this model to form the basis for future evaluation of this key KM success factor.
Do Educated Leaders Aﬀect Economic Growth? Evidence from India

We study the impact of electing an educated politician to state legislative assemblies on economic growth in the politician’s constituency. Intensity of night lights is used to proxy for constituency-level economic activity and data on all politicians contesting state elections between 2008 and 2013 is used. Our identiﬁcation strategy is based on a regression discontinuity design that exploits quasi-experimental election outcomes of close elections between educated and less-educated politicians. We ﬁnd that having a graduate state representative increases the growth rate of night lights by about 2 percentage points in the constituency. Though statistically signiﬁcant, the impact on economic activity of having an educated leader is substantially lower than that of having a woman or non-criminally accused leader. Further, the eﬀect of educated leaders is heterogeneous depending on the initial level of development of the state. Our ﬁndings have implications for recent policy changes mandating minimum education requirements of leaders in some states of India.
Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen and Nitric Oxide on Mn-Based Perovskites with Different A-Site Cations

Four LnMnO3+δ (Ln = La, Pr, Sm, and Gd) perovskites were synthesized and characterized by powder XRD. It was shown that the perovskite lattice became more and more distorted when lowering the size of the A-site cation. The manganite-based perovskites were evaluated for the ability to electrochemically reduce oxygen and nitric oxide in the temperature range of 200 to 400°C. At the lowest temperature, the electrodes were better at reducing nitric oxide than oxygen. At higher temperatures, the activity for the reduction of oxygen and nitric oxide became similar. The activation energies for the reduction of oxygen and nitric oxide were markedly different for LaMnO3+δ and PrMnO3+δ whereas it was similar for SmMnO3+δ and GdMnO3+δ.
Measuring Racial Discrimination in Bail Decisions

We develop new quasi-experimental tools to measure disparate impact, regardless of its source, in the context of bail decisions. We show that omitted variables bias in pretrial release rate comparisons can be purged by using the quasi-random assignment of judges to estimate average pretrial misconduct risk by race. We find that two-thirds of the release rate disparity between white and Black defendants in New York City is due to the disparate impact of release decisions. We then develop a hierarchical marginal treatment effect model to study the drivers of disparate impact, finding evidence of both racial bias and statistical discrimination.
Effects of table tennis sports on attention in secondary school students

The present study aimed to analyze the effects of table-tennis on the distraction of secondary-education students practicing and not-practicing table-tennis sports. Research sample consisted of 80 students (n=80) currently studying in AdilKaraağaç Anatolian Technical Vocational High School in Selçuklu district of Konya city and students were within the age range of 14-18. Mean age of students was 5.53±0.80. 40 students (n=40) who regularly practiced table-tennis sports formed the experimental group, whereas 40 students (n=40) not-practicing the sports constituted the control group. Bourdon Attention Test (1) was administered to students in both control and experimental groups. In the analysis of data; SPPS 20I statistical package program was employed. p<0.05was the accepted significance level for the conducted tests. It was found in the study that in terms of attention levels, there was a statistically significant difference between groups practicing and not-practicing the sports and that the group engaged in sports exhibited higher values of attention level as compared with the group notpracticing the sports (P<0,05). In the research groups, an analysis with respect to gender showed that among boys and girls practicing the sports, attention levels were higher than girls and boys not-practicing the sports, and there was a statistically significant difference between (P<0.05) the analyzed groups. As regard factors such as having a divorced or united family, a room of his/her own, a history of disease, age, monthly income level of family, number of siblings, how many hours slept in a day; an analysis of attention level showed among the participants of the research that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). The results of the present study showed that practicing table-tennis sports rendered a positive effect on the development of children's attention levels. Within that context, it can be argued that table-tennis sports could have a positive effect on the attention levels of children with
Development of ELISA based detection system against C. botulinum type B

Botulism is the most dangerous disease caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNTs). It is secreted by obligate anaerobic bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. There are eight serotypes of BoNT designated A-H. Out of seven serotypes, A, B, E and F cause the human botulism and remaining serotypes cause the botulism in animals and birds. Mainly there are three types of botulism. The classical form of botulism is food borne botulism, an intoxication that follows the consumption of food containing preformed neurotoxin. Unlike food-borne botulism, the other forms of human botulism (infant and wound botulism) are really infections where the toxigenesis occurs in vivo. In the case of infant and wound botulism, primary infection followed by secondary intoxication. In national scenario (India), botulism outbreak were found in Gujarat , New Delhi and Coimbatore [1,2]. According to CDC report, every year 145 cases of human botulism are reported. Out of 145 cases, 65 percent of botulism cases occur in children younger than 1 year of age infant. Around 20 percent of botulism cases are wound botulism and remaining are food borne botulism. The majority of wound botulism cases are linked with black-tar heroin injection, especially in California. In 2009 one case of wound botulism was reported in drug user that was caused by C. botulinum type B identi ied by draft genome sequencing [3]. In 2011, infant botulism was reported from a 2-month-old boy from Argentina [4]. In 2013, four cases of wound botulism were reported in Norway and con irmed in people who injected drugs (PWID) caused by BoNT/B [5]. In 2013, infant botulism case was reported in Abstract
Internet Communication Technologies and Networked Learning: Identity Formation Through Social Exchange

The purpose of this paper is to argue that communication technologies play a non-neutral rather than passive role in formulating both student and teacher identities in verbal and non-verbal social exchanges. Further research into group interaction within peer-based collaborative tools is required to determine how these cognitive tools can lead to higher levels of learning in students. For many years, educators have been exploring ways to improve teaching and learning practices with the help of technologically innovative tools. Cognitive tools used in collaborative learning environments support the interactive construction of knowledge during problem-solving processes as they promote students’ adop - tion of an active learner mode. Increasingly, the social aspects of our e-learning environments are being used to inform how educational episodes should best be designed to take full advantage of the cognitive powers that students possess. While conceptual understandings are foremost to learning, we also need ways of expressing outwardly the representation of our concepts. Language, tools, symbols, and cues are the ways we objectify and communicate our concepts in everyday life inside and outside our classrooms. By furthering our understanding of vari - ous e-learning cultures, cues and contexts, we can ensure that the best possible educational scenarios emerge.
Effects of Socio-economic Characteristics of Intermediaries on the Profitability of Cattle Marketing in Mubi Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study examined the effect of socio-economic characteristics of cattle marketing intermediaries on their profit in Mubi local government area of Adamawa state, Nigeria. Random sampling technique was employed to select 123 respondents in Mubi International Cattle Market. Data were collected with the use of a well structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test derived from multiple regression models. The result from the analysis revealed that all the respondents (100%) were male with a mean age of 37 years, had market experience of 6-10 years, literate (56.1%), a mean household size of 5 persons and (30.1%) had a startup capital of N110,000-200,000. The study revealed that access to credit and marital status have positive effect on profit while age, years of education, family size, marketing experience, startup capital and number of cattle owned were not determinants of profit earned from cattle marketing. The result also showed that the major constraints faced by cattle marketers were insurgency, inadequate market information, inadequate market facility and high cost of transportation. It was recommended that Marketers should form associations and cooperatives for extensive information sharing among members.
RISK PREFERENCES AND JOB MOBILITY IN ZIMBABWE

Job mobility is a fundamental characteristic of labour markets. The decision to move from one job to another is inherently risky. This is particularly so because workers have limited information regarding the quality of outside jobs. Canonical models on job mobility assume risk neutrality; however, risk aversion potentially affects workers’ mobility decisions thorough influencing job acceptance (reservation match quality) and job search (search effort). This paper integrates concepts from the risk and job mobility literatures to investigate the empirical relationship between risk aversion and job mobility in an economic environment characterised by uncertainty. To answer this important question, we use the Zimbabwean matched employer-employee panel data set (2015-2016), which includes experimentally elicited risk preferences measures. Our empirical approach involves estimating the basic mobility model using the traditional economic variables and controlling for individual heterogeneity in risk preferences. Our results show that risk aversion explains job mobility; risk tolerant workers are more likely to experience job mobility compared to their risk averse peers. This relationship is robust to the inclusion of human and job characteristics known to explain job mobility. The study broadens our understanding of employment dynamics in developing countries’ characterised by economic uncertainty. Furthermore, it contributes to the recent debate on how heterogeneity in risk preferences explain variations in economic outcomes, in particular those related to labour markets.
QSynth - A Program Synthesis based approach for Binary Code Deobfuscation

—Assessing software robustness became arduous given the broad adoption of obfuscation in the industry and especially in mobile applications and embedded systems. As such, deobfuscation is becoming crucially important. Obfuscation usually concerns either target the control-ﬂow or the data-ﬂow of the program. While standard static and dynamic analyses suffer some shortcomings, Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE) turns out to be very effective on control-ﬂow obfuscation. Yet, fewer approaches address issues raised by data-ﬂow obfuscation. Program synthesis appears to be a promising approach to target such obfuscation. We present a generic approach leveraging both DSE and program synthesis to successfully synthesize programs obfuscated with Mixed-Boolean-Arithmetic, Data-Encoding or Virtualization. The synthesis algorithm proposed is an ofﬂine enumerate synthesis primitive guided by top-down breath-ﬁrst search . We shows its effectiveness against a state-of-the-art obfuscator and its scalability as it supersedes other similar approaches based on synthesis. We also show its effectiveness in presence of composite obfuscation (combination of various techniques). This ongoing work enlightens the effectiveness of synthesis to target certain kinds of obfuscations and opens the way to more robust algorithms and simpliﬁcation strategies.
Analysis of Fidel Castro Speeches Enhanced by Data Mining

Fidel Castro was a major Cuban politician of the twentieth century who influenced different left-wing regimes and political movements in Latin America and around the world. His ability to seduce the masses and captivate his audience relied to a large extent on his rhetorical abilities. Therefore, studying Castro’s political speeches is a crucial step towards understanding his political success. Some previous studies have addressed this issue, mostly using small discursive samples and only a few speeches. However, using a small and possibly non-representative sample is likely to lead to biased results. To overcome this problem, this work was carried out on a large corpus of 1,018 speeches and 7,548,480words, combining state-ofthe-art datamining tools and the linguistic discourse analysis methodology proposed by Patrick Charaudeau. Combining both techniques, we provide here a more representative characterization of Castro’s main discursive strategies.
Management in Developing Countries: The Case of Iranian SMes

The main target of this research is to discuss two important strategic management disciplines in some Iranian SMEs. Change management and knowledge management will be discussed simultaneously for taking insight into the topic. Based on review of recent literature, this paper has identified major factors of both knowledge and change management disciplines in the field. For the research methodology, a structured survey has been implemented by the authors. The outcome of the research can be implemented as a guideline for change management during KM programs. This study provides an integrated perspective of critical issues for both knowledge and change disciplines in the organizations especially in SMEs of developing countries. It gives invaluable information and guidelines which hopefully will help the leaders to mange essential changes for accomplishing knowledge management through their organizations.
Towards a General Framework for the Study of ICT Skill Supply and Demand

New technology and changing business needs will change the job requirements and responsibilities of the future. Companies will expect their IT employees to combine business skills, analytical thinking and the ability to exhibit expertise in an array of technology areas. This paper provides a framework for addressing the skills demanded by industry and the knowledge for those skills supplied by academia. In addition the framework could be used by students, academics, and industry to identify the skill set that will meet the needs of today’s dynamic business environment.
Speech Act of Prohibition in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study on Selected Biblical and Quranic Verses

Speech act theory has played an interesting role in the philosophy of language recently and has drawn great interest among pragmaticists, anthropologists, philosophers, linguists, and semanticists. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to investigate the speech act of prohibition as one of the most essential communicative uses of language. It is defined as a desire or a wish to forbid someone from doing something. The researchers attempt to show how the speech act of prohibition can be used in both English and Arabic at various levels of analysis. Specifically, a three-level analytical framework, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic, is suggested for textual analysis through a set of linguistic devices. This means that in performing a linguistic act, we often do further things. The data of this paper consists of a number of verses from the Glorious Quran and the Holy Bible. The main findings of this paper indicate that prohibition in English is most commonly realized by using a syntactic device, namely declarative sentences. Whilst prohibition in Arabic is expressed by the negative imperative “do not do”. In addition, prohibition can be expressed explicitly and implicitly in both languages. However, it was found that Arabic is distinguished from English by its heavy use of explicit and implicit devices expressing the speech act of prohibition.
HUSO 2017 Proceedings

From the earliest time of recorded scholarship, forecasting civil strife has been the Holy Grail to political theorists. Yet, without actual data and ability to conduct empirical analyses, until the 1960’s such analyses were no more than speculation. The advent of high-speed computing along with collection of data on civil unrest allowed political scientists to empirically test their hypotheses. Yet, these analyses did not result in short term prediction due to the lack of real time data. Today the rise of social media has witnessed a radically different methodology in how we can understand, monitor, and forecast incidents of social strife in real time. This emerging methodology, however, requires a multi-disciplinary effort no one even contemplated until recently. This paper presents results of forecasting events of politically motivated violence based on monitoring open source information (Twitter, blogs, newspaper articles) in 10 Latin American countries by a multi-university, multi-disciplinary team of academics, supported by a grant from the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). Keywords–Forecasting, Civil Strife, Social Media, Multidisciplinary Methodology