Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and patterns of child sexual abuse

Abstract Background: Sexual abuse of boys is a neglected problem in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. As a result, its prevalence and the circumstances under which it often occurs tend to remain unnoticed. Child sexual abuse is frequently reported to emergency departments at hospitals. However, the symptoms can be subtle and masked by vague histories and non-specific physical examinations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and describe the patterns of sexual abuse of male pediatric patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out to describe causes of male pediatric sexual abuse presented to the Pediatric Emergency Unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital between the years 2011 - 2015. The number of male children who visited the Pediatric Emergency Unit during the study period was 38,410. Out of these, 327 were suspected to have fallen victim to sexual abuse. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the male pediatric patients who visited the Pediatric Emergency Unit with the suspicion of sexual abuse (327). Results: The prevalence of sexual abuse among male patients presented to the Pediatric Emergency Unit was 0.85%. Twenty-three percent of the victims were between the ages of 1 – 5 years old. The mean age of the abused children was 6.7 years (SD 2.8). The majority of the victims (67.3%) reported the abuse to their mothers. About thirty-six percent (35.8%) of the reports were made within one week of the incident. All the victims were tested for HIV on the first presentation of the incident to the emergency unit. Of those who were tested for HIV, 95.7% were negative. The majority of the perpetrators of the reported sexual abuse were from outside the home of the victims. Neighbors accounted for 55.5% of these perpetrators. Conclusions: This study provides data for policymakers and other stakeholders to improve the well-being and safety of children. Given that the majority of incidents of male child sexual abuse occur by people children themselves know from outside their homes, strategies that involve the community and that protect children against the threat need to be designed. People to be involved may include parents, health professionals and pertinent personnel from the Ministry of Health. Others such as caregivers, schools, police department, Youth and Women’s Affairs, and child advocacy organizations should be called up on to work together and design mechanisms of checking the expansion of this public health challenge. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2017;31(4):221-227] Keywords: Male sexual abuse; Pediatric Emergency Unit; Ethiopia; Community response
Clinical findings versus imaging studies in the diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Background Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is the most common surgical cause of vomiting in early infancy and can be diagnosed clinically or by imaging studies. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of clinical examination compared with ultrasound and upper gastrointestinal contrast imaging in the diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Patients and methods A prospective analysis was carried out of 60 patients referred to the Pediatric Surgical Department with a proven diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis on surgical exploration in the period from January 2010 to January 2014. All patients underwent clinical, radiological, and sonographic evaluations. Results The male to female ratio was 3.28 : 1. The mean age at onset was 29.5 days. The mean age at presentation was 48 days. Projectile vomiting was present in all infants (100%). A pyloric mass was palpable in 31 (51.66%) infants, visible peristaltic waves were noted in 24 (40%) infants, and 54 (90%) patients had gastric aspirate of more than 10 ml. Ultrasound examination was confirmatory in all patients (100%). Barium study was positive in 55 (91.66%) cases. Conclusion A palpable pyloric mass with a suggestive history is a sufficient indication for proceeding to surgical treatment without confirming diagnostic imaging studies. However, when physical findings alone are inconclusive, an abdominal ultrasound examination should be performed because of their high accuracy in identifying the underlying problems.
DDDT_A_231814 993..1001

Chengjiang Qiu Kairui Liu Sheng Zhang Simin Gao Weirun Chen Dateng Li Youxing Huang 1Department of Abdominal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA Background: Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a stable bioactive ingredient in curcuminoids, is associated with various antitumor functions, such as proliferation inhibition, metastasis suppression and apoptosis induction, in many cancer types. However, the mechanism of BDMC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Methods: We assessed the toxicity and the inhibitory effect of BDMC in the HepG2 cell line by using CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The regulatory effects of BDMC on Akt and MAPK signaling were investigated by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Results: We found that the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BDMC after 48 hrs of treatment was 59.13 μM, and BDMC inhibited proliferation in a timeand dosedependent manner in HepG2 cells. The inhibitory effect was caused by the inactivation of Akt signaling, but not Erk, Jnk or p38 signaling. In addition, the inactivation of Akt signaling was attributed to the inhibition of ubiquitination mediated by K63-Ub but not K48-Ub. Furthermore, we found that BDMC upregulated the expression of CYLD, leading to Akt deubiquitination and inactivation. Conclusion: BDMC inhibited HCC cell proliferation, and that this effect was induced by Akt inactivation via CYLD-mediated deubiquitination.
Modeling Volatility of Agricultural Commodity Food Price Index in Nigeria using ARMA-GARCH Models

Commodity food price fluctuations have been attracting increasing attention in recent economic and financial literature and have been recognized as one of the most important economic phenomena. Commodity food price volatility (fluctuations) was found by [1] to reduce welfare and competition by increasing consumer costs. Apergis and Rezitis [2] found that commodity food price volatility increases the risk and uncertainty of both producers and consumers. Thus volatility of commodity food prices has been studied to some extent in recent times. Agricultural commodity prices are generally known for their continuously volatile nature [3]. The findings of [4] revealed that price volatility in the markets of major cereals crops remains high in Ethiopia. Literature on agricultural food price volatility remained an area in which little empirical attention has been paid in Nigeria. Hence it appears worthwhile to devote effort to modeling agricultural commodity food prices using ARMA-GARCH models. Investigating the pattern of domestic food price volatility is important in mitigating food price instability and risks, food insecurity, food policy decisions and strategic planning, granting of licenses for private firms to import or export food etc. Since similar effects of domestic food price instability can occur at production levels, investment and income stability of consumers, whole sellers, producers as well as at the macro level of the country. This study will be found significant in contributing to identify the pattern of domestic food price volatility for the purpose of making more informed food policy decisions and in regulating food prices. AB ST R ACT
What Causes The Formation of Disks and End of Bursty Star Formation?

As they grow, galaxies can transition from irregular/spheroidal with “bursty” star formation histories (SFHs), to disky with smooth SFHs. But even in simulations, the direct physical cause of such transitions remains unclear. We therefore explore this in a large suite of numerical experiments re-running portions of cosmological simulations with widely varied physics, further validated with existing FIRE simulations. We show that gas supply, cooling/thermodynamics, star formation model, Toomre scale, galaxy dynamical times, and feedback properties do not have a direct causal effect on these transitions. Rather, both the formation of disks and cessation of bursty star formation are driven by the gravitational potential, but in different ways. Disk formation is promoted when the mass profile becomes sufficiently centrally-concentrated in shape (relative to circularization radii): we show that this provides a well-defined dynamical center, ceases to support the global “breathing modes” which can persist indefinitely in less-concentrated profiles and efficiently destroy disks, promotes orbit mixing to form a coherent angular momentum, and stabilizes the disk. Smooth SF is promoted by the potential or escape velocity Vesc (not circular velocity Vc) becoming sufficiently large at the radii of star formation that cool, mass-loaded (momentum-conserving) outflows are trapped/confined near the galaxy, as opposed to escaping after bursts. We discuss the detailed physics, how these conditions arise in cosmological contexts, their relation to other correlated phenomena (e.g. inner halo virialization, vertical disk “settling”), and observations.
Gene Expression in Fibroblasts and Fibrosis: Involvement in Cardiac Hypertrophy Roles of Cardiac Transcription Factors in Cardiac Hypertrophy Ras, Akt, and Mechanotransduction in the Cardiac Myocyte G Protein–Coupled Signaling and Gene Expression Genetic Models and Mechanisms of Transcription in Car

Different cell types, equipped with unique structure and function, synthesize different sets of proteins on the basis of different patterns of gene expression, even though their genomes are identical. Cardiac transcription factors have been reported to control a cardiac gene program and thus to play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation during embryogenesis. Recently, postnatal roles of cardiac transcription factors have been extensively investigated. Consistent with the direct transactivation of numerous cardiac genes reactivated in response to hypertrophic stimulation, cardiac transcription factors are profoundly involved in the generation of cardiac hypertrophy or in cardioprotection from cytotoxic stress in the adult heart. In this review, the regulation of a cardiac gene program by cardiac transcription factors is summarized, with an emphasis on their potential role in the generation of cardiac hypertrophy. (Circ Res. 2003;92: 1079-1088.)
Socioeconomic Roles and Welfare Aspects of Donkey (Equus asinus) in Selected Sites of Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia

Donkeys contribute valuable socioeconomic activities for rural Sub-Saharan developing countries. However, the welfare they received could not cope up with their contribution. This survey was conducted to assess donkey profiles, socioeconomic activities and welfare aspects in selected sites of Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 384 randomly selected donkeys were assessed. Their owners were interviewed for socioeconomic activities and welfare aspect. Higher donkeys 70.8% in age group of 6-10 year and 94.3%) male (p<0.05) are used for livelihood activities. Most of them (59.1%) have moderate body condition. Total mean ± SD working hours per day are 11.00 ± 1.00 and days per week are 6.56 ± 0.68. There are no differences in donkeys profiles within studied variables (p>0.05). Multiples of socioeconomic activities of donkeys including animal feed, water, constriction material, market and mill, charcoal, fire wood, salt ban transportation, ploughing and renting are responded by owner. The welfare of donkeys, 85.9% suffer from shortage of feed; 100% suffer from biting, verbal and/poking communicates; 83.8% are watered once per day; and 70.1% are kept outdoor. However, 86.6% of owners keep from pray dieter and 72.1% receive Tigray Donkey Health and Welfare Project (TDHWP) health serves. In general, the welfare activity provided are not differences within study variables (p>0.05). The productive age group male donkeys with high working endurance are used for assessing house holed family with numerous activities. Although the majorities of donkeys are kept from prey dieter and receives TDHWP health services, they have several lacked of welfare management.
Platelet Rich Fibrin in Periodontal Practice, Review

Autologous platelet concentrates have become a rage in the field of regenerative medicine including numerous specialties like orthopedics, maxillofacial and cosmetic surgery, sports medicine and dentistry. The use of these platelet concentrates ranging from fibrin glues to the currently used platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has exponentially increased and it has brought about a radical change in the stimulation and acceleration of regenerative tissue processes. The current review highlights the evolution of different platelet concentrates and the use of platelet rich fibrin in periodontal treatment and tissue repair.
Evaluation of health status of first permanent molar teeth among 12-year-old students in rural areas of south of Kerman, Iran, 2016

BACKGROUND AND AIM : First permanent molar (FPM) has an important role in occlusion and biting. FPM is susceptible to dental caries due to early growth. The objective of this study was an evaluation of oral health status of FPM in terms of decayed/missing/filled teeth 6 (DMFT6) among 12-year-old children in rural areas of southern cities in Kerman, Iran. METHODS : This analytical/cross-sectional study was performed in 2016 on 564, 12-year-old students (281 girls and 283 boys). Students were randomly selected from 32 different villages of southern cities of Kerman. The DMFT index was determined using the standard method suggested by World Health Organization (WHO). The trained dentist recorded data of DMFT index and oral health status in checklist form. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS : The frequency of FPM dental caries of students was 53.12-66.04%. There was no significant difference in mean of DMFT6 among students in rural areas of 7 cities in the south of Kerman, but it was greatest in Ghaleganj (2.60) and lowest in Jiroft (1.97), respectively. Girls had more carries than boys (DMFT6 2.43 vs. 2.13) but it was not significant (P = 0.08). There was a little amount of sealant or filled FPM (0.58%). 26.24% of students had a toothbrush. 19.14% of them brushed their teeth equal or more than once daily and 37.41% of them knew that the first molar is a permanent tooth. CONCLUSION : Study showed a high rate of caries in FPMs in 12-year-old children and poor knowledge and performance in relation to these teeth. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to provide health, educational and dental treatment services for villages in the south of Kerman province, Iran.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODIFIABLE LIFESTYLE FACTORS AND MUSCLE LIPID DEPOTS IN OLDER ADULTS

OF DISSERTATION THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODIFIABLE LIFESTYLE FACTORS AND MUSCLE LIPID DEPOTS IN OLDER ADULTS Muscle health declines with age, influencing both muscle strength and performance. Modifiable lifestyle factors may mitigate muscle dysfunction by altering muscle lipid depots. Vitamin D status, dietary intake, and physical activity each play a role in muscle health during aging. Low vitamin D status (measured as 25(OH)D) is prevalent among older adults and has been associated with functional limitations and impaired physical performance. Previously, 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) and our lab observed a significant positive relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and IMCL. Studies have shown mixed results regarding the effects dietary fat intake interventions have on muscle lipid depots. It is well established that exercise contributes to improved muscle health, but to date studies have not examined the relationship between daily physical activity levels, muscle lipid depots, and local muscle tissue hemodynamics. We used novel noninvasive technology to measure gastrocnemius muscle lipid depots (Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) and monitor local muscle tissue hemodynamics during a foot plantar flexion exercise (Near Infrared/Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy). The first aim was to further elucidate the relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations, physical function, and muscle lipid depots. We also examined 25(OH)D concentrations and muscle lipid depots differences in older adults with varied body mass index (BMI) and physical activity levels. We observed a negative relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and EMCL. In females, greater 25(OH)D concentrations and lower EMCL were significant predictors of faster Four Square Step Test times, independent of BMI and age. Greater EMCL and IMCL content were observed with increased BMI, but statistical significance was not reached. The second aim was to retrospectively examine the relationship between dietary fat intake and muscle lipid depots in participants enrolled in a double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. We also investigated the relationship between physical activity levels and local muscle tissue hemodynamics. Increased dietary fat intake ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (PUFA:SFA) and study intervention (7 days of aerobic training) were the best predictors of lower IMCL content, independent of age, BMI, and physical activity. Compared with individuals with lower physical activity levels, individuals that reported greater physical activity had lower relative blood flow and relative oxygen consumption during and after a foot plantar flexion exercise. Together these findings suggest that increased physical activity, consumption of greater PUFA:SFA, and maintenance of sufficient 25(OH)D concentrations may have favorable effects on muscle lipid depots and contribute to the preservation of muscle health.
Ectopic Beats in Isolated Perfused Rabbit Hearts

Heart vector location was estimated for 23 isolated, perfused rabbit hearts during paced ectopic beats. Twenty computer-processed signals, derived from the surface electrodes of a spherical electrolyte-filled tank containing the hearts, were optimally fitted with a locatable cardiac dipole every millisecond of the QRS and every 3rd msec of the ST-T interval. During the QRS, the computed heart vector location of hearts subepicardially paced from the left ventricular free wall originated very close to the stimulating electrode, traversed the heart from left to right, and terminated in the right ventricle. Daring the first portion of repolarization for the hearts paced from the left ventricle, the position of the heart vector was almost stationary within the left ventricle, whereas after the peak of the T wave, heart vector location again moved from left to right. The first quarter of the QRS interval for hearts stimulated from the right ventricular free wall was nondipolar; during the remaining three-quarters of excitation, location of the heart vector moved from right to left, terminating in the left ventricle. Throughout the entire T wave of hearts paced from the right ventricle, the position of the heart vector remained almost motionless within the left ventricle. This study demonstrates the ability of heart vector location, by its rapid motion, graphically to portray passage of an ectopic beat across the heart and, by its slower motion within the central portion of the heart, to indicate the diffuse nature of the resulting ventricular recovery.
Effect of Rural Livelihoods Project on Adaptation Decision and Farmers’ Wellbeing in Western Odisha, India: Application of Endogenous Switching Regression

s of all GIDR Working Papers are available on the Institute’s website. Working Paper No. 121 onwards can be downloaded from the site. All rights are reserved. This publication may be used with proper citation and due acknowledgement to the author(s) and the Gujarat Institute of Development Research, Ahmedabad. © Gujarat Institute of Development Research First Published : December 2016 ISBN : 81-89023-97-7 Price : Rs. 100.00
Students’ Attitude and Interest as Correlates of Students’ Academic Performance in Home Economics in Junior Secondary School

The study examined the relationship in the students’ attitude to Home Economics, students’ interest and academic performance of student in Home Economics in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Subject for the study were two hundred and ten (210) JSS II Home Economics students randomly drawn from seven (7) Junior secondary schools in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The research design adopted was a descriptive survey research which was questionnaire based and past terminal continuous assessment results of the students involved in the study. The instruments used to collect relevant data from the subjects were Home Economics Attitudinal Scale (HECAS), Home Economics Interest Scale (HECIS) and terminal continuous assessment results. The instruments were subjected to validity and reliability mechanism. Pearson Product Moment correlation(r) statistical analysis was used to analysed the two null hypotheses formulated for the study. The findings showed that there is significant relationship in the student attitude to Home Economics and student academic performance in Home Economics, and the findings also revealed that there if significant relationship in the student interest in Home Economics and student academic performance in Home Economics. Conclusion and recommendations were also made in this paper.