Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aus dem Institut für Immunologie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover CHARACTERISATION OF PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN BACTERIAL OR VIRAL INDUCED EXACERBATIONS OF AIRWAY DISEASES INAUGURALDISSERTATION

Smoking is an important risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and viral infections are believed to be major triggers of exacerbations, which periodically lead to a worsening of symptoms. The pro-inflammatory IL-1 family members IL-1a and IL-1b are increased in COPD patients and might contribute to disease pathology. We investigated whether individual or combined inhibition of these cytokines reduced lung inflammation in cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed and H1N1-infected BALB/c mice. Animals were treated with individual or combined antibodies (Abs) directed against IL-1a, IL-1b or IL-1R1. Cells in BAL fluid and cytokines/chemokines in lung homogenate were determined. The viral load was investigated. Blocking IL-1a had significant suppressive effects on total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Furthermore, it reduced KC levels significantly. Blocking of IL-1b did not provide significant activity. In primary human bronchial epithelial air-liquid-interface cell cultures infected with H1N1, IL-1a Abs but not IL-1b Abs reduced levels of TNF-a and IL-6. Concomitant usage of Abs against IL-1a/IL-1b revealed strong effects in vivo and reduced total cells, neutrophils and macrophages. Additionally, levels of KC, IL-6, TNF-a, MCP-1, MIP-1a and MIP-1b were significantly reduced and ICAM-1 and MUC5 A/C mRNA expression was attenuated. The viral load decreased significantly upon combined IL-1a/IL-1b Ab treatment. Blocking the IL-1R1 provided significant effects on total cells, neutrophils and macrophages but was inferior compared to inhibiting both its soluble ligands IL-1a/IL1b. Our results suggest that combined inhibition of IL-1a/IL-1b might be beneficial to reduce CS/H1N1induced airway inflammation. Moreover, combined targeting of both IL-1a/IL-1b might be more efficient compared to individual neutralization IL-1a or IL-1b or inhibition of the IL-1R1. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Polar organic tracers in PM2.5 aerosols from Chinese forests

Polar organic tracers in PM2.5 aerosols from forests in eastern China W. Wang, M. H. Wu, L. Li, T. Zhang, H. J. Li, Y. J. Wang, X. D. Liu, G. Y. Sheng, M. Claeys, and J. M. Fu Inst. of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai Univ., 200072 Shanghai, P. R. China China National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurements, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, P. R. China Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), 2610 Antwerp, Belgium Guangzhou Inst. of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and assessment of the human health risk of consumption of Clarias gariepinus and Parachanna obscura from the Owan River, Edo State, Nigeria

Consumption of fish is a primary route of exposure to heavy metals that could be detrimental to human health due to the tendency of bioaccumulation and biomagnification along the food chain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Pb, Fe, and Cr) in two commercially available fishes, Clarias gariepinus and Parachanna obscura, and to estimate the health risks they pose to humans through consumption. Twenty-four (24) fish samples (triplicates for each month for the two species) were collected between July and October 2017. Heavy metals were identified using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the health risk to consumers was evaluated using Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and the Hazard Index (HI). The THQ for the individual metals in C. gariepinus and P. obscura occurred in the decreasing order of Cr > Pb > Ni and Cr > Pb > Ni > Fe with risk values of 0.015, 0.004, and 0.001, and 0.014, 0.010, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively. The hazard index for C. gariepinus and P. obscura were 0.021 and 0.027, respectively. The values of the hazard index values of the two fish species were below the threshold value of 1, an indication of no potential health risk to consumers of the fishes. However, with the occurrence of bioaccumulation of metals in the studied fishes, regular monitoring of the river is recommended.
WHAT’S NOT CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP? LEARNING FROM JESUS’ CONDEMNATION OF TOXIC LEADER EXEMPLARS IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

The development of a distinctly Christian leadership construct is presented by examining what is clearly not Christian leadership. The relevant question in this study is how did Jesus describe leadership He did not prefer? The importance of Christian leadership as a question is addressed, common responses are examined, and ultimately a different approach to the question is followed. Toxic leadership theory is reviewed in general, in specific, and several consequences of the theory are noted. Jesus’ rebuke of the scribes and Pharisees in Matthew 23:1-7 is analyzed with a social and cultural texture method. The results of the analysis indicate the Jewish leaders were toxic leader exemplars. Jesus’ rebuke of the toxic leader exemplars of His day provides insight into what constitutes a Christian leader because whatever Christian leadership is, it cannot be toxic in nature. A new leadership construct emerges from the analysis called healthy leadership. This leadership is understood as the antithesis of toxic leadership. Six dimensions of healthy leadership are found as respectful oversight, volitional leadership, altruism, stable consistency, follower advocate, and sincere integrity. Descriptions of each dimension are provided. Several recommendations for current executive leaders are noted. Future research needs are discussed especially including the development of a validated survey instrument to measure healthy leadership.
Effect of Counseling on the Sexual Satisfaction Level of Women with Sexual Dysfunction using PLISSIT Model Focused on Dysfunctional Sexual Beliefs

Background: Sexual satisfaction plays a vital role in the stability of a marriage. Dysfunctional sexual beliefs are often overlooked despite their recognition as factors negatively affecting sexual function and sexual satisfaction. Aim: This studyaimed to determine the effect of counseling based on the PLISSIT model focused on dysfunctional sexual beliefs on the sexual satisfaction level of women with sexual dysfunction. Method: This randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 61 married females with sexual dysfunction during 2018-2019. The data were collected using Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire and Hudson's Index of Sexual Satisfaction. The intervention group received sexual counseling, whereas the control group received routine care. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using the , Wilcoxon test, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean ages of the females in the intervention and control groups were 35.5±5.6 and 36.7±6.7 years, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant increase in mean sexual satisfaction scores in the intervention group after the intervention, compared to scores before the intervention (2.8±7.7 vs. 0.3±2.3) (P=0.03). In addition, Mann-Whitney U revealed a significant decrease in the scores of sexual dysfunctional beliefs in the intervention group after the intervention, compared to the scores of the control group before the intervention (27.3±14.5 vs. 1.0±1.2) (P<0.001). Implications for Practice: With regard to the positive effect of counseling on correcting sexual dysfunctional beliefs, it is recommended that counseling method be implemented to increase sexual satisfaction levels in women.
Unifying model explainability and robustness via reasoning labels

Explainability in deep learning has emerged as an important topic in recent years, with several works exploring various notions and mechanisms of explainability for deep neural networks (DNNs). In this paper, we draw upon the insight that in many situations model explainability is a means to assess another related yet distinct criterion model robustness. In order to render the link between explainability and robustness more explicit, we propose to use human-understandable reasoning labels during the training process of DNNs. The reasoning labels are jointly learned with the traditional classification labels. This joint training enables the model to predict a set of reasoning labels with every predicted class label. Then, we tie model explainability and robustness by introducing a notion of prediction consistency, whereby the model predictions are accepted—or considered robust—only when the predicted class and the predicted reasoning labels follow a certain pre-specified mapping. We show that by adopting such a framework, one can improve the classification accuracy of the state-of-the-art models (on consistent samples). We further show that using this notion of consistency makes the model more robust to adversarial perturbations.
PH1_OA_Faraz edit 1

Background: Thyroid hormones play critical roles in differentiation, growth, and metabolism. Thyroid hormone play important role in development of Central Nervous System and in myelination of neurons. hypothyroidism is a chronic and insidious disease caused by failure of thyroid hormone production mostly due to inflammation, thyroidectomy, use of I131, and anti-hyperthyroidism drugs. Involvement of Peripheral nerve is frequent in hypothyroid patients. Objective of study: To evaluate the dysfunction of Sensory Nerve in Hypothyroid patients. Methods: 30 patients of hypothyroidism were included in the study, detailed history and clinical examination was performed. 30 normal subjects were included as control. Nerve Conduction Studies were performed in neurophysiology lab of Physiology dept of JNMC Aligarh. Results: While comparing the Sensory Nerve Conduction velocity of Median nerves between the two groups, the Sensory NCV of right Median (44.59±8.39) is found to be significantly decreased in hypothyroid subjects. While comparing the Sensory latency of Median nerve between the two groups, the latency of right median nerve (3.69±.69), left median nerve (3.43±.80) is significantly increased bilaterally in hypothyroid subjects. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is a definite cause of neuropathy, it affects sensory nerves first than motor nerves. We suggest performing electrophysiological studies in hypothyroid patients, even asymptomatic patients in an early course of disease. So we can prevent the progression of neuropathy.
Investigating the influence of aeolian snow transport processes on the representation of the climate and surface mass balance of the Antarctic Peninsula. A modelling study using a high-resolution regional climate model over the period 1980-2018

English Knowledge of the evolution of the surface mass balance (SMB) of the different terrestrial ice caps is essential in estimating future sea level evolution. High-resolution regional modelling offers considerable opportunities for the study of the SMB and constantly takes more physical processes into account. One of these processes, the aeolian snow transport, contributes significantly to the mass reduction of polar ice caps and has recently been parameterized in the regional climate model MAR. For the first time, the role of this process in the representation of the climate and SMB of the Antarctic Peninsula by MAR is investigated. Here we simulate the climate and BMS of the Antarctic Peninsula at 7.5 kilometers resolution over the period 1980-2018 (38 years) using two model configurations: one without and one with the blowing snow module (BSM). The evaluation of the model is generally satisfactory with regard to climate, but MAR overestimates the SMB. The use of the BSM reduces this bias but increases some others in the representation of climate variables. Climate results show that BSM cools down the atmosphere and slightly humidifies it. Regarding the SMB, the BSM reduces surface sublimation, increases melting and re-freezing and increases, albeit to a limited extent, run-off rates. We attribute these differences mainly to the erosion-induced exposure of deeper snow layers with lower albedo, as well as changes in temperature and relative humidity of the boundary layer.
Oncology nurses’ strategies and barriers in identifying distress in patients with cancer

A CANCER DIAGNOSIS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE FIRST TIME, can cause a major upheaval in a person’s life. During the treatment trajectory, people with cancer can suffer tremendous physical and emotional distress (Kaul et al., 2017; Zebrack et al., 2015). The literature indicates that about 30% of people with cancer will develop an anxiety or mood disorder (Nakash, Liphshitz, KeinanBoker, & Levav, 2013). One study that looked at the World Mental Health Surveys from 13 countries found that the prevalence rates for mood and anxiety disorders in a given year were higher in patients with cancer (18%) when compared with people who did not have cancer (13%) (Nakash et al., 2014). Appropriate treatment of mental health disorders in patients with cancer can affect the trajectory of the disease (Carlson & Bultz, 2004); the length of hospital stay (Prieto et al., 2002); treatment adherence and efficacy (Kennard et al., 2004); satisfaction with treatment (Bui, Ostir, Kuo, Freeman, & Goodwin, 2005); and possibly prognosis and quality of life (Institute of Medicine, 2008; Sanjida et al., 2016). However, several studies have documented a treatment gap among patients with cancer when it comes to addressing their mental health (Kaul et al., 2017; Nakash et al., 2013). The treatment gap refers to the proportion of individuals with cancer who also have comorbid mental disorders that are not receiving treatment. This gap is universal, with 40% of people meeting this criterion in highand low-middle– income countries (Nakash et al., 2013). Untreated comorbidities may have a severely negative effect on the illness trajectory and on patients’ quality of life (Singer, Das-Munshi, & Brähler, 2010). A timely and accurate diagnosis of mental health disorders is the basis for mental health treatment and is critical to increase use of services when needed and reduce the treatment gap. Screening for mental health distress is so important that it has been recommended as a standard of care by several organizations, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (Lazenby, 2014; National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care, 2013) and American College of Surgeons (2016). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale is a reliable measure to screen for distress (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). This is a self-report scale with 14 items, including symptoms of anxiety and depression (Walker et al., 2007). Another frequently used measure is the Distress Thermometer (Holland & Bultz, 2007), which is a self-report measure KEYWORDS
Bronquiolite obliterante em crianças

Objective: To review the literature on general aspects of bronchiolitis obliterans, with emphasis on childhood postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans. Methods: The most important publications on bronchiolitis obliterans were selected, using basically the Medline database (January of 1966 to September of 1999). Results: This review is organized as follows: introduction, general aspects of bronchiolitis obliterans (terminology, histopathology and classification), and postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (etiological agents, clinical and radiological aspects, diagnosis and investigation, and treatment). Comments: Bronchiolitis obliterans is a clinical syndrome wich is more common than previously believed in the pediatric population, thus deserving pediatricians’ attention.
Reply to reviewers for the manuscript: “Sulphur mass balance and radiative forcing estimation for a moderate volcanic eruption using new sulphate aerosols retrievals based on IASI observations”

Introduction The authors would like to warmly thank the two anonymous Referees for the detailed and constructive criticism and comments, that allowed us to redefine the methods and to more clearly present the results of this study. Thanks to their comments, we were able to detect two major problems with the version of our AEROIASI-Sulphates retrieval algorithm discussed in the AMTD manuscript, that we have missed before. First, that version of AEROIASI-Sulphates algorithm was very sensitive to clouds (including low clouds) and very large errors were associated to the presence of clouds in the observed scenes. Second, the selected wavelengths were not optimal in terms of the separation of the SA (sulphate aerosols) and the SO2 information. Correspondingly, we completely redesigned AEROIASI-Sulphates, to take into account these two aspects and more minor aspects suggested by the many Referee’s comments. The new version of AEROIASI-Sulphates is discussed in the revised manuscript. In particular, in the new version of AEROIASISulphates (with respect to the previous version): 1) Cloud-screening is more demanding: pixels are screened-out also in case of presence of low clouds and for clouds fraction >0 (>20% in the previous version) 2) 20 spectral micro-windows are selected, 19 in the spectral region 830-970 cm (in an absorption band of the undissociated sulphuric acid present in the SA droplets, following the refractive indices of Biermann, 2000) and 1 at 1250 cm (in another SA-contained sulphuric acid absorption band). These micro-windows safely avoid the SO2 absorption band in the range 1100-1230 cm, thus being in a region of maximum sensitivity to SA. This was not the case in the previous version of AEROIASISulphates. Correspondingly, the new retrievals look very different with respect to the ones linked to the previous version of AEROIASI-Sulphates. A systematic consistency has been found of the detected SA plume and what was called before “the western sub-section of the plume” (located at higher altitude than “the eastern subsection of the plume”). The “eastern sub-section of plume” is not detected with the new AEROIASI-Sulphates version and reasons are mentioned for this in the new version manuscript. The new results are described in the new version manuscript, also considering the many suggestions of the Referees.
Populations build up of mustard aphid and their natural enemies in relation to biotic and abiotic factors.

To determine the populations build up of mustard aphid and their natural enemies in relation to biotic and abiotic factors. Field experiment was conducted C.S. A. University of Agriculture and technology Kanpur during the rabi season (OctoberMarch) of 2013-14 and 2014-15 respectively. The maximum aphid population 270.18 aphids /10 shoot was recorded in the first week of February and at the fourth week of March. Synchronization in the appearance of mustard aphid predators Coccinella spp. and Syrphid larvae was population maximum 11.25 beetles/ 10 shoot and 5.90 larvae/10 shoot, respectively in fourth week of February that was one of the main reasons for the low multiplication of aphid population in 2013-14. During Rabi 2014-15 Maximum aphid population was recorded third week of February 385.12aphids/10 shoots with its predators population Coccinella spp. and Syrphid larvae 10.15 beetles/10 shoot and 4.80 larvae/10 shoot, respectively. Simple correlation studies to evaluate the instantaneous effects of the meteorological variables revealed that of the abiotic factors (Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall), the temperature had the biggest role in the buildup of the mustard aphid population. The appearance of Coccinella spp. and the larvae of Syrphid flies were positively correlated with temperature, while there was negative correlation with the incidence of mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi. There was positive correlation between the population of aphid and relative humidity.
Celebrity Self-disclosure and Social Cohesion: Perspectives from Ghanaian Instagram Users

The phenomenon of social cohesion has gained much traction in the extant literature. However, research that assesses how celebrity self-disclosure can be leveraged to engender social cohesion remains very scanty in the existing literature. The current study aims at empirically testing the effect of celebrity self-disclosure on social cohesion while accounting for the roles of fans’ behavior, social presence and attachment to celebrities. To realize this aim, data is collected from 306 Instagram users who follow at least one celebrity. The hypothesis intended to realize these aims are tested by adopting structural equation modeling technique. The results show that celebrities’ descriptive selfdisclosure (but not emotional self-disclosure) influences fans’ archiving and commenting behavior. Additionally, celebrities’ emotional self-disclosure (but not descriptive self-disclosure) as well as fans’ commenting, and archiving behaviors are instrumental in predicting fans’ social presence. The study further finds that fans’ social presence is essential in predicting their attachment to Original Research Article Basilisco et al.; CJAST, 38(5): 1-19, 2019; Article no.CJAST. 52614 2 celebrities, while their (fans’) attachment to celebrities and social presence are significant antecedents of social cohesion. Furthermore, attachment to celebrities is found to significantly mediate the relationship between social presence and social cohesion. The study provides practical and theoretical insights into understanding social cohesion, celebrity self-disclosure, fans’ behavior, social presence and attachment to celebrities.
Compaction behaviour and mechanical characteristics of chewable binary tablet mixture containing lactose (Flowlac 100) and date (Phoenix dactylifera) powders

This study aimed to develop a formulation for a chewable tablet using date powder (DP) and Flowlac 100 utilizing a direct compression method. The powders were compacted as single and binary mixtures at five different formulations (DPL1, DPL2, DPL3, DPL4 and DPL5) to study their compaction behaviour. Stressor ranging from 15 to 74 MPa in a cylindrical die with flat face punches were introduced during the fabrication process, and the mechanical properties (plastic work, flexible work and tensile strength) of formed tablets were investigated. Findings of this study demonstrated that with a high percentage of DP in the formulation resulted in a high reading of plastic work, while a low amount of DP revealed low elastic work. Tensile strength of the tablet, on the other hand, varies with the percentage of DP present and applied pressure used. Formulation with 60% DP (DPL4) displayed the highest tensile strength compared to the other formulations, and it is coherent with industrial preferable tensile strength limit. In conclusion, the current findings could be useful in formulation and fabricating date chewable tablet which can be used as a food supplement by all categories of consumers since it is easy to be consumed by a wide range of age.
VOICE ANALYSIS FOR DETECTING PERSONS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE USING PLP AND VQ

In order to improve the assessment of speech disorders in the context of Parkinson's disease, we have used 34 voice recordings of sustained vowel / a /, from 34 subjects including 17 patients with Parkinson’s disease. We subsequently extracted from 1 to 20 coefficients of the Perceptual linear prediction (PLP) from each subject. The frames of the PLP were compressed using vector quantization, with six Codebook sizes. We used Leave One Subject Out validation scheme known as (LOSO) and the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier with its different types of kernels, (i.e.; RBF, Linear). After viewing the variety of obtained results, we proceeded to a bench of 100 trials. The best average result obtained was 75.79%, and the maximum result obtained was 91.17% using the codebook size of 1.