Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards an equity competency model for sustainable food systems education programs

Addressing social inequities has been recognized as foundational to transforming food systems. Activists and scholars have critiqued food movements as lacking an orientation towards addressing issues of social justice. To address issues of inequity, sustainable food systems education (SFSE) programs will have to increase students’ equity-related capabilities. Our first objective in this paper is to determine the extent to which SFSE programs in the USA and Canada address equity. We identified 108 programs and reviewed their public facing documents for an explicit focus on equity. We found that roughly 80% of universities with SFSE programs do not provide evidence that they explicitly include equity in their curricula. Our second objective is to propose an equity competency model based on literature from multiple fields and perspectives. This entails dimensions related to knowledge of self; knowledge of others and one’s interactions with them; knowledge of systems of oppression and inequities; and the drive to embrace and create strategies and tactics for dismantling racism and other forms of inequity. Integrating our equity competency model into SFSE curricula can support the development of future professionals capable of dismantling inequity in the food system. We understand that to integrate an equity competency in our curricula will require commitment to build will and skill not only of our students, but our faculty, and entire university communities.
Dynamics of Rural Economy: A Socio-Economic Understanding of Oil Palm Expansion and Landscape Changes in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

The fast-growing palm oil economy has stimulated a significant expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia. The uncontrolled development of large oil palm plantations has raised complex socio-ecological issues, including changes of ecological landscapes, organization of production, and farming household livelihood systems. For two oil palm villages with different ecological settings, this article describes changes in land cover, how production is organized, and the income structure changes due to rural economic development. The research used survey approaches and analysis of earth maps, assisted by data obtained from satellite imagery. A qualitative approach was also used to support a survey via in-depth interviews. The research was carried out in two oil palm economy-based villages of Kutai Kartanegara District, of the Province of East Kalimantan of Indonesia. The first village is located very close to the center of regional administration and has evolved into a non-farming economy. In contrast, the other village is more isolated and solely relies on farming activities. The study found that changes of land cover caused by oil palm expansion could be categorized into two types, concentrated and spotted, following the influence of oil palm investment activities. It was also found that organization of the production of most smallholders existed in two types of arrangements, partial and total integration of production. From the perspective of livelihood, two different types of income structures emerged, diversified and uniform. This article concludes that responses of smallholders to palm oil spread varied depending on the ecological setting, the existence of the already established plantation economy in the region, the capacity of the smallholders to diversify economic activities based on palm oil, and the exposure to external economic activities.
Perspectives on geography education in the Czech National Curriculum

Abstract The geography curriculum at primary and secondary schools in Czechia is undergoing a revision. This study aims to identify aspects of the current curriculum that may assist in the formulation of recommendations in the revised curriculum. We use a deductive content analysis approach based on Catling’s typology of perspectives on geography education. This typology follows in the tradition of geographical thought and describes, for example, the following categories: Globalist, Earthist, Interactionist, Placeist, and Environmentalist. The findings show inconsistencies and misalignment between the stipulated objectives of geography education and the attainment of targets in the analyzed documents. The Czech geography curriculum exhibits (a) frequent occurrences of the Globalist perspective at secondary-level schools, which emphasizes a simple and non-relational approach to teaching; (b) low congruence between the perspectives stipulated in the curriculum at individual school levels; and (c) low congruence between the perspectives stipulated in the objectives of geography education and in the expected outcomes for individual school levels. Our results attempt to provide implications for the implementation of a new national geography curriculum in Czechia.
Excessive positive response of model‐simulated land net primary production to climate changes over circumboreal forests

Abstract Land carbon cycle components in an Earth system model (ESM) play a crucial role in the projections of forest ecosystem responses to climate/environmental changes. Evaluating models from the viewpoint of observations is essential for an improved understanding of model performance and for identifying uncertainties in their outputs. Herein, we evaluated the land net primary production (NPP) for circumboreal forests simulated with 10 ESMs in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project by comparisons with observation‐based indexes for forest productivity, namely, the composite version 3G of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI3g) and tree‐ring width index (RWI). These indexes show similar patterns in response to past climate change over the forests, i.e., a one‐year time lag response and smaller positive responses to past climate changes in comparison with the land NPP simulated by the ESMs. The latter showed overly positive responses to past temperature and/or precipitation changes in comparison with the NDVI3g and RWI. These results indicate that ESMs may overestimate the future forest NPP of circumboreal forests (particularly for inland dry regions, such as inner Alaska and Canada, and eastern Siberia, and for hotter, southern regions, such as central Europe) under the expected increases in both average global temperature and precipitation, which are common to all current ESMs.
Farm-level impacts of eggplant integrated pest management: a stochastic frontier production function approach

ABSTRACT Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been widely adopted in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production, but rigorous impact studies of IPM is limited in tropical, developing, countries. The study employed the stochastic frontier production function and propensity score matching (PSM) to measure farm-level impacts of IPM technology adoption. A total of 283 farmers were interviewed in 2015. It was determined that adoption of IPM did not affect yield and technical efficiency (TE) level of eggplant growers. Mean technical efficiency was similar for adopters (0.66) and non-adopters (0.65). Adoption of IPM reduces the frequency of pesticide application (35.13%) and pesticide cost (Tk. 11,100), Tk. is Bangladeshi currency, 1 USD = Tk. 80, and IPM adopters maximize profit by reducing cost. Due to a higher profitability, IPM technology for eggplant production can improve income to the growers.
The metamorphism of the Dalradian rocks of western Ireland and its relation to tectonic setting

The metamorphic evolution of Dalradian rocks exposed in the NW Mayo, Ox Mountains and Connemara inliers of western Ireland is reviewed, and new data and revised calculations are presented. There is evidence at a single locality for an early episode of moderately high-pressure metamorphism with the production of crossite—epidote schists. Subsequent Barrovian-style metamorphism overprinted this almost everywhere in NW Mayo and resulted in further heating to produce chlorite—biotite and garnet zones with the garnet isograd near 400—450 °C, and a staurolite—kyanite zone for which conditions were P = 8 ± 2 kbar (1 bar = 105 Pa) and T = 620 ± 30 °C. In Connemara, rare staurolite—kyanite schists are now inferred to have formed at lower pressures than those in the Barrovian zones because ilmenite is stable rather than rutile. The metamorphic zones now mapped result from regional scale heating by synorogenic intrusions exposed to the south, and took place at pressures of 4-6 kbar. There is, however, strong evidence to suggest progressive uplift during this heating phase, especially in the south. It is concluded that the thermal evolution of complex areas such as these can usefully be broken down into a series of modules, each corresponding to metamorphism in a distinct tectonic setting. The sequence identified in the Irish Dalradian is: (i) recrystallization during burial in a low heat flow setting; (ii) thermal relaxation and possibly uplift; and, in Connemara only, (iii) further heating and uplift, probably in the roots of a volcanic arc.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Plankton in a Tropical Reservoir, southwestern Nigeria

The quality and quantity of water in reservoirs are very important especially in reservoirs with multifunctional roles. The health of the aquatic ecosystem of lakes are very sensitive issues and lakes in different regions of the world particularly in developing countries are facing a variety of problems associated with anthropogenic activities and unsustainable use of their resources as demonstrated by El-Serehy et al. (2018). Deterioration of water quality in reservoirs results from excessive nutrients inputs, eutrophication, acidification, heavy metal contaminants, organic pollutants and obnoxious fishing practices as asserted ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: May 5, 2020 Accepted: June 28, 2020 Online: July, 2020 _______________
Revisiting the North American freshwater mussel genus Quadrula sensu lato (Bivalvia Unionidae): Phylogeny, taxonomy and species delineation

Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae) have suffered strong declines over the last century. High morphological plasticity of Unionidae causes disturbances in their systematics and taxonomy, hampering conservation efforts. Species that have historically been placed under the North American genus Quadrula have suffered from numerous taxonomic and species delineation problems since its inception. Four genera are presently recognized within Quadrula sensu lato, that is, Cyclonaias, Quadrula, Theliderma and Tritogonia, but their phylogenetic basis remains incompletely tested. In the present study, we reconstructed several two‐marker (mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I—COI and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1—ND1) phylogenies with newly collected specimens and all previously available sequences covering most species within this group. We then delineated the species within the group using an integrative approach with the application of molecular statistical methods, morphometric (Fourier Shape) analyses and geographic distribution data. Four clades corresponding to these genera were consistently recovered in all phylogenies. To validate the generic status of these clades, molecular analyses were complemented with morphological, anatomical and ecological data compiled from the literature. Several revisions are here proposed to the current systematics and taxonomy of these genera, including the synonymization of Cyclonaias asperata under Cyclonaias kieneriana; the inclusion of Quadrula apiculata and Quadrula rumphiana under Quadrula quadrula; the placement of Quadrula nobilis under Tritogonia; and finally the separation of the Mobile River basin populations of Theliderma metanevra as a new species, that is, Theliderma johnsoni n. sp. The conservation implications of the proposed changes are then discussed.
Studies on relationship between body length, weight and elements contents in fish Chirocentrus nudus swainson (1839) in Iran

Determination of toxic elements in seafood was important for the health of humans and marine organisms. This study was carried out on effects of total length and weight on concentration of toxic and non-toxic elements in fish of Chirocentrus nudus of Persian Gulf, Iran. For this purpose, 20 pieces of fish in two different fish sizes were purchased from Behbahan fish market and transferred to laboratory of Khatam-al-Anbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran. The fish muscle after the preparation, which contains washing, biometrics and abdominal discharges, was separated. Finally, the samples elements were analyzed after extraction and digestion processes using an atomic absorption apparatus. The obtained results were compared with the World Food Standards. The concentration of elements in different amounts in fish Kharo were as follows: Fe >Zn >Pb >Cd >Ni. Results showed that with increase fish length and weight, the amount of toxic and non-toxic elements such as Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn, except Cd, were increased significantly. It can be concluded that, although the concentration of elements found in the fish in both sizes were lower than the standard levels proposed for humans, but excessive consumption fish caught from contaminated areas, can be dangerous for human health.
Interconnectedness in the Australian National Electricity Market: A Higher‐Moment Analysis*

We examine the risk transmission mechanisms in the interconnected Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). We illustrate that the transmission of extreme events in terms of their magnitude (via skewness) and the likelihood of their occurrence (via kurtosis) should be considered when promoting NEM interconnectedness. Our empirical findings suggest that interconnectedness costs can be limited by providing sufficient transmission capacities as it can expand generation capacity. Our results suggest that a one percent increase in NEM generation capacity can decrease the transmission of these risks by between 0.9 percent and 1.7 percent, depending on the moment of the electricity return distribution.
Response of integrated nutrient management practices on growth and tuber yield of potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) in clay soils of Punjab

Toinvestigate the response of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on growth and tuber yield of potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) in clay soils of Punjab was conducted during rabi season of 2017-18 at the Campus for Agricultural Research and Advanced Studies Dhablan of the G.S. S.D. G.S. Khalsa College Patiala, Punjab. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 13 different treatments with 3 replications. Integrated nutrient management significantly influenced the growth and tuber yield of potato crop. All the growth parameters like plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, fresh weight plant-1and tuber yield (200.26 q ha-1) was significantly higher in treatment T7with 100% RDF + 2t Poultry manure ha-1 + 20kg S ha-1 + 20kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + 1t vermicompost ha-1 + Azotobacter which was followed by treatment T6 with 100% RDF + 2t Poultry manure ha-1 + 20kg S ha-1 + 20kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + 1t vermicompost ha-1.
Effect of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth and Sclerotial Development

Different carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth, and the sclerotial development of three Tunisian Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. isolates. Radial growth was optimum on basal medium supplemented with ammonium chloride (0.48 g N.L -1 ) as N source, but was restricted on L-Arginine and completely inhibited on ammonium acetate amended media. Sclerotial initiation occurred from the 3 rd to the 12 th day of incubation for all tested isolates. Potassium nitrate was the most suitable N source for sclerotial formation whereas sclerotial development was completely inhibited on ammonium acetate amended medium. Optimal sclerotial germination was recorded using L-Arginine followed by L-Asparagine and ammonium chloride as N sources. Nevertheless, the lowest sclerotial germination rate was noted on sodium nitrate and ammonium acetate amended media. As for C sources (16 g C.L -1 ), optimal radial growth occurred using D-mannitol for Sr1 and Sr2 isolates and maltose for Sr3 but no mycelial growth was recorded using sodium citrate. All C sources tested, except sodium citrate, were suitable for sclerotial formation, production, and germination. Mature sclerotia became brownish after 6 to 12 days of incubation and sclerotial production was highest using D-mannitol, maltose and D-glucose, depending on isolates used, as C sources. Optimal germination of sclerotia was noted using D-glucose, D-mannitol and maltose for Sr1 isolate, maltose for Sr2 and D-glucose and maltose for Sr3. It was concluded that N and C sources are both important factors for the growth of S. rolfsii and its survival.
Weaponizing the Peer Review System

The long-revered “peer review” process, as it is currently being applied in the health sciences, is increasingly controlled by commercial interests that are in too many instances using it as a tool forcing technical publications in prestige journals and books toward certain outcomes favorable to those interests. The “peer review” process has in the last two decades especially, increasingly become a process to serve the interests of the manufacturers and promoters of drugs and medicines. Although it was conceived as a way to ensure quality in academic and scientific publications it has increasingly, especially in the health sciences, taken on a commercial aspect with power, momentum, and governmental support that enables it to be used to against unwanted outcomes that threaten the bottom line of those commercial interests. This paper examines the process as it was intended to be used and contrasts its good purposes for uses to which some bad actors are presently perverting it. The practical limits of the problem and remedies to staunch the bleeding, so to speak, are plainly laid out. There is no intention to give legal advice, but merely to examine recent experience looking toward what can be done to preserve the good and valid uses of the imperfect process of peer review.
Enabling the engine of workplace thriving through servant leadership: The moderating role of core self-evaluations

Abstract Grounding our research in social exchange theory and the conservation of resources perspective, we hypothesized a model that examines the effects of servant leadership (SL) on employees' workplace thriving via agentic work behaviors. To clarify the effects, employee core self-evaluations (CSEs) were investigated to determine boundary conditions on the relationship between SL and thriving. Data were collected at three points in time from 260 professionals across diverse functional backgrounds and industries. The analysis results confirmed an indirect effect from SL to workplace thriving via agentic work behaviors. Importantly, the moderation results demonstrated that the relationship between SL and workplace thriving is stronger when individuals have high CSEs. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Bioprospection and molecular phylogeny of culturable endophytic fungi associated with yellow passion fruit

Endophytic microorganisms live inside the plants without causing any damage to their hosts. In the agricultural field, these endophytes might be a strategy of biological control for phytopathogens. We aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) leaves, evaluating its biocontrol capacity by in vitro antagonism against phytopathogen Colletotrichum sp. CNPU378. We also carried out greenhouse experiments in bean seedlings. A high colonization frequency was obtained (89%), and the molecular identification based on DNA sequencing attested Colletotrichum as the most frequent genus and minor occurrence of Curvularia endophytes. The endophytes tested showed different types of competitive interactions in in vitro antagonism inhibition rate ranging from 28.8 to 48.8%. There were 10 promising antagonists tested for their antagonist activity of crude extracts of secondary metabolites, in which strain PE-36 (20.8%) stood out among the other strains evaluated. In the greenhouse assay, plants inoculated only with endophyte Colletotrichum sp. PE-36 was symptomless and suggest that the endophyte strengthened the growth promotion in common bean plants, especially in the root length and number of leaves when compared to control plants and other treatments. Despite many fungi of Colletotrichum genus being described as causative agents of anthracnose, in this study, the plant sampled was colonized predominantly by Colletotrichum endophytes living in asymptomatic relationship. By the way, we come across a Colletotrichum sp. endophyte able to antagonize a Colletotrichum sp. pathogen.
The Experience

In this chapter the author analyzes the ritualistic inner experience in female sacred places. The author shows the centrality of the body and the “ritual of the body in motion. ” As mentioned in the book’s introduction, in the Holy Land, places of veneration and rituals are based on canonical texts or mythologies of particular saints. As such, the assumption was that rituals are a product of texts and their translation into action. However, this chapter shows different dynamics of these rituals. Although the canon and its physical manifestations are robust, it is mostly “the body in motion” that shapes the experience.
Bidirectional electron conic observations for photoelectrons in the Martian ionosphere

Electron pitch angle distributions similar to bidirectional electron conics (BECs) have been reported at Mars in previous studies based on analyses of Mars Global Surveyor measurements. BEC distribution, also termed “butterfly” distribution, presents a local minimum flux at 90° and a maximum flux before reaching the local loss cone. Previous studies have focused on 115 eV electrons that were produced mainly via solar wind electron impact ionization. Here using Solar Wind Electron Analyzer measurements made onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft, we identify 513 BEC events for 19–55 eV photoelectrons that were generated via photoionization only. Therefore, we are investigating electrons observed in regions well away from their source regions, to be distinguished from 115 eV electrons observed and produced in the same regions. We investigate the spatial distribution of the 19–55 eV BECs, revealing that they are more likely observed on the nightside as well as near strong crustal magnetic anomalies. We propose that the 19–55 eV photoelectron BECs are formed due to day-to-night transport and the magnetic mirror effect of photoelectrons moving along cross-terminator closed magnetic field lines.
Adults’ Perceptions of Law-Involved Minority Children and Youth

This chapter reviews the role of race and ethnicity in shaping legal actors’ (e.g., police officers, attorneys, judges, jurors, parole officers) perceptions and judgments of youth victims and offenders. The intention of this review is to provide researchers with a comprehensive synthesis of the literature and to help front-line workers understand how race influences their interactions with racial minority youth. The chapter begins by considering racism in the criminal justice system generally and the research showing how race shapes perceptions of adult offenders and victims. The main focus is a review of research illustrating parallel findings in cases involving youthful offenders and victims. The chapter ends with recommendations for future research, as well as practical applications to improve law and public policy and to assist legal actors during their interactions with racial minority youth.