Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Ionospheric Irregularities using Empirical Mode Decomposition of TEC for IRNSS Signals, at SVNIT, Surat, India

Ionospheric scintillation effects on satellite signals is one of the major source of errors which has to be determined. Severe ionospheric scintillation causes amplitude scintillations, phase scintillations, drop in carrier to noise power ratio that may results into loss of lock of the global positioning system (GPS) receiver with a particular satellite and may interrupt various navigational and positioning services. The present study comprises of measurement of ionospheric irregularities and their effect on new Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). IRNSS is India’s Navigation system similar to GPS which will provide various navigational and positioning services in Indian region. One of the IRNSS receiver is given by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Ahmedabad, India to Department of Electronics Engineering, SVNIT, Surat which is located at low latitude region of India at Latitude 21° 9’ 50.19 N, and longitude 72° 47’ 1.15 E. Measurement of various Ionospheric scintillation parameters like Total electron content (TEC), vertical total electron content (VTEC), carrier to noise power ratio (C/N), elevation angle of various IRNSS satellites from IRNSS 1A to 1D is presented here. TEC Variations and detection of ionospheric scintillation instances are carried out by using Wavelet based and empirical mode decomposition analysis of captured data on 23 September 2015 which is September Equinox period. Empirical mode decomposition decomposes signal into intrinsic mode functions (IMF) for detecting ionospheric irregularities instances using TEC data for various events like earthquake, solar storms, solar eclipse, magnetic storms, plasma bubbles etc. General Terms Daubechies wavelet decomposition, GPS, Hilbert Huang decomposition, IRNSS, Ionospheric irregularities, Satellite communications and wavelet based decomposition.
Quantization dimension for Gibbs-like measures on cookie-cutter sets

In this paper using Banach limit we have determined a Gibbs-like measure $\mu_h$ supported by a cookie-cutter set $E$ which is generated by a single cookie-cutter mapping $f$. For such a measure $\mu_h$ and $r\in (0, +\infty)$ we have shown that there exists a unique $\kappa_r \in (0, +\infty)$ such that $\kappa_r$ is the quantization dimension function of the probability measure $\mu_h$, and established its functional relationship with the temperature function of the thermodynamic formalism. The temperature function is commonly used to perform the multifractal analysis, in our context of the measure $\mu_h$. In addition, we have proved that the $\kappa_r$-dimensional lower quantization coefficient of order $r$ of the probability measure is positive.
Micro and small scale enterprises growth and ownership structure in Hawassa city, Sidama region, Ethiopia

Abstract The general objective of the study is to examine the nexus between micro and small enterprise growth and ownership structure in Hawassa city, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia. The study used a 4-year dynamic panel data from 2017 to 2020, obtained from Hawassa city trade and industry bureau. Both descriptive statistics and econometric methods have been used to analyze the nexus between growth of micro and small enterprises and ownership structure and other driving factors. System GMM estimation technique was employed to analyze a dynamic panel data model. The result of the study reveals that ownership structure, previous year enterprise growth (persistence of growth) and numbers of permanent employees enhance the growth of micro and small enterprises, while age of enterprises, wage and profit of enterprises appear to be a binding constraint to their growth. This study suggests that enterprises should increase their business partners to enhance their financial capacity and to share managerial skill each other and increase the number of permanent employees.
Spanish-Immersion Children

The fourth-year update of a longitudinal study examined the progress of the 31 remaining members of 2 classes in the first cohort of a Spanish immersion program and their standard-program monolingual comparison group of 15 students. Achievement gains were measured on standardized tests of mathematics and language skills. Results provided new evidence supporting the hypothesis that degrees of primary-school bilingual development correlate with development of higher-order mathematical skills. However, while an earlier report of the longitudinal study showed significant gains in nonverbal development by the immersion students at grade 2, mathematics and language achievement data do not indicate a corresponding advantage for the immersion students at grades 4 and 5. At the intermediate grades, the immersion children were generally performing on par with their monolingual comparison group on standardized achievement measures. It is concluded that the study's results support the developmental-interdependence hypothesis and Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development, but not enhanced achievement among additive-bilingual children. A 31-item bibliography is included. (MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Spanish-Immersion Children
EGR1 Upregulation during Encephalitic Viral Infections Contributes to Inflammation and Cell Death

Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is an immediate early gene and transcription factor previously found to be significantly upregulated in human astrocytoma cells infected with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). The loss of EGR1 resulted in decreased cell death but had no significant impact on viral replication. Here, we extend these studies to determine the impacts of EGR1 on gene expression following viral infection. Inflammatory genes CXCL3, CXCL8, CXCL10, TNF, and PTGS2 were upregulated in VEEV-infected cells, which was partially dependent on EGR1. Additionally, transcription factors, including EGR1 itself, as well as ATF3, FOS, JUN, KLF4, EGR2, and EGR4 were found to be partially transcriptionally dependent on EGR1. We also examined the role of EGR1 and the changes in gene expression in response to infection with other alphaviruses, including eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), Sindbis virus (SINV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), as well as Zika virus (ZIKV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), members of the Flaviviridae and Phenuiviridae families, respectively. EGR1 was significantly upregulated to varying degrees in EEEV-, CHIKV-, RVFV-, SINV-, and ZIKV-infected astrocytoma cells. Genes that were identified as being partially transcriptionally dependent on EGR1 in infected cells included ATF3 (EEEV, CHIKV, ZIKV), JUN (EEEV), KLF4 (SINV, ZIKV, RVFV), CXCL3 (EEEV, CHIKV, ZIKV), CXCL8 (EEEV, CHIKV, ZIKV, RVFV), CXCL10 (EEEV, RVFV), TNF-α (EEEV, ZIKV, RVFV), and PTGS2 (EEEV, CHIKV, ZIKV). Additionally, inhibition of the inflammatory gene PTGS2 with Celecoxib, a small molecule inhibitor, rescued astrocytoma cells from VEEV-induced cell death but had no impact on viral titers. Collectively, these results suggest that EGR1 induction following viral infection stimulates multiple inflammatory mediators. Managing inflammation and cell death in response to viral infection is of utmost importance, especially during VEEV infection where survivors are at-risk for neurological sequalae.
Performance Enhancement Model of Human Resources through Knowledge Sharing

This study aims to examine the effect of exogenous variable consisting of organizational dimen-sion including organizational learning culture, support from top management, and individu-als namely openness in communication in affecting knowledge sharing of individuals. Besides, this study also examined how the role of knowledge sharing in improving human resource performance at Sharia Banking. This study was conducted through SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) test by using SmartPLS, a statistical software. The study was done through survey method by distributing questionnaire to 145 employees from frontliner departments at three of Sharia banks in Semarang. The findings of this study showed that two organizational di-mensions (Organizational Learning Culture and Top Management Support) have significant effect on the improvement of knowledge sharing. While Openness in Communication, the individual dimension, could not determine the improvement of knowledge sharing. Then, the improvement of human resource performance at sharia banking could be done by improving knowledge sharing.
Development of a non-intrusive method for investigating the calling patterns of Rufous Scrub-birds

Male Rufous Scrub-birds Atrichornis rufescens have loud characteristic calls which can be used to locate territories. The effectiveness of a monitoring program based on the detection of calling birds is dependent on good understandings of how their calling patterns vary with season, time of day, and local conditions. Since the presence of observers can affect a scrub-bird’s behaviour, a non-intrusive method for investigating the calling patterns would have advantages. This study describes the development of a nonintrusive censusing method using a digital recording device programmed to record sonograms at a known or potential territory at pre-determined times, with the sonogram data analysed after they are later recovered from the instrument. Some progress has been made towards automated electronic analysis of the data using a “recogniser” developed from previously recorded “chipping” calls of a male Rufous Scrub-bird. A male Rufous Scrub-bird was found to call very frequently in September, at the start of what is generally considered to be the breeding season. Its frequency of calling decreased outside the breeding season. The seasonal calling patterns for this scrub-bird were similar to those identified 30 years earlier. Sonogram analysis of the characteristic chipping call of the Rufous Scrub-bird has shown that the first two syllables of a phrase have a narrower frequency range (less low frequency contribution) than the subsequent syllables, and the interval between the first and second syllables is greater than the intervals between each subsequent syllable. The numbers of syllables within individual phrases in a bout were often found to increase, from 1-3 syllables initially to 6-8 (or more) syllables later. This study has also confirmed previous findings that the individual syllables may be either downwardly or upwardly inflected, but that all the syllables in a phrase have the same inflection.
Irrigation Water Availability and Winter Wheat Abandonment in the North China Plain (NCP): Findings from a Case Study in Cangxian County of Hebei Province

The North China Plain (NCP) is the major winter wheat producing area in China. Abandonment of this crop has, however, become more and more prevalent in this region since the late 1990s. Although the underlying causes of this phenomenon remain little understood, irrigation water availability (IWA) has always been regarded as the key factor limiting winter wheat production on the NCP. The aim of this paper is to determine the role played by IWA in the abandonment of winter wheat, using evidence drawn from a case study in Cangxian County, Hebei Province. First-hand data were collected for this study from 350 households in 35 villages, using semistructured one-on-one questionnaires. Five types of irrigation water sources were defined and identified at the level of individual land plots: “ground and surface water”, “just groundwater”, “just rivers”, “just reservoirs”, and “no irrigation”. These levels correspond to a decreasing trend in the overall frequency of irrigation and thus provide a clear proxy indicator for IWA. The results from a series of multilevel multinomial models show that the higher the IWA, the less likely it is for a land plot to abandon winter wheat. Specifically, using “no irrigation” cases as a control group, the results show that land plots with more sources of irrigation water also tend to be characterized by greater IWA, including “ground and surface water” and “just groundwater”, and also have lower probabilities of abandoning winter wheat. In contrast, land plots with less IWA (less irrigation water sources), including “just reservoirs” and “just rivers”, are more likely to abandon winter wheat. The results also show that, in addition to IWA, soil quality and plot size at the plot level, as well as demographic characteristics, farm equipment, and land fragmentation at the household level and irrigation prices at the village level, all play additional significant roles in the cropping-system decisions made by farmers. A number of suggestions are made in this paper regarding policy implementation related to integrative water management and transferred water reallocation, in order to achieve the twin goals of water conservation and winter wheat production on the NCP.
Assessment of rice farmers’ knowledge and perception of harvest and postharvest losses in Ghana

Abstract Farmers’ knowledge and perception of harvest and postharvest losses in rice production across three agro-ecological zones of Ghana were examined using farm-level data collected from 108 randomly selected rice farmers. To examine the perception and knowledge of farmers on harvest and postharvest losses, means of a 5-point Likert scale were estimated compared with the values of the individual perception statements. Results indicated that rice production was male-dominated (80%) with an ageing farmer population (42 years on average), smaller farm sizes (~5 acres) with over 70% of farmers formally educated. This suggests the potential and need for mechanised interventions in rice production. Majority of the farmers sampled (over 95%) had experienced and were aware of harvest and postharvest losses in rice. Whereas over 50% of the farmers were cultivating the Jasmine rice variety, it was perceived by over 65% of the farmers to be associated with higher harvesting losses. Mechanical agents such as lack of appropriate harvesting machinery were perceived by over 40% of the farmers to cause harvesting losses. On the method of rice threshing, over 50% of the farmers used combines, 36% used the threshing by impact “bambam” method, 11% bag beating and 2% used mechanical threshers. Rice harvest and postharvest activities constituted 21% of total production cost, while accounting for nearly 20% of total grain loss. It is recommended that aside the mechanised interventions, efforts should be geared towards proper development of rice fields to ensure sustainable production and improved land productivity.
The imprint of rapid star formation quenching on the spectral energy distributions of galaxies

[Abridged] In high density environment, the gas content of galaxies is stripped, leading to a rapid quenching of their star formation activity. This dramatic environmental effect is generally not taken into account in the SFHs usually assumed to perform spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of these galaxies, yielding to a poor fit of their stellar emission and, consequently, a biased estimate of the SFR. We aim at reproducing the SFH of galaxies that underwent a rapid star formation quenching using a truncated delayed SFH that we implemented in the SED fitting code CIGALE. We show that the ratio between the instantaneous SFR and the SFR just before the quenching ($r_{SFR}$) is well constrained as long as rest frame UV data are available. This SED modelling is applied to the Herschel Reference Survey (HRS) containing isolated galaxies and sources falling in the dense environment of the Virgo cluster. The latter are HI-deficient due to ram pressure stripping. We show that the truncated delayed SFH successfully reproduces their SED while typical SFH assumptions fail. A good correlation is found between $r_{SFR}$ and HI-def, the parameter quantifying the gas deficiency of cluster galaxies, meaning that SED fitting results can be used to provide a tentative estimate of the gas deficiency of galaxies for which HI observations are not available. The HRS galaxies are placed on the SFR-$M_*$ diagram showing that the HI-deficient sources lie in the quiescent region confirming previous studies. Using the $r_{SFR}$ parameter, we derive the SFR of these sources before quenching and show that they were previously on the main sequence relation. We show that the $r_{SFR}$ parameter is also well recovered for deeply obscured high redshift sources, as well as in absence of IR data. SED fitting is thus a powerful tool to identify galaxies that underwent a rapid star formation quenching.
Genetic Evaluation using Unsymmetric Single Step Genomic Methodology with Large Number of Genotypes

The single step genomic methodology provides a unified framework to integrate phenotypic, pedigree and genomic information in the prediction of breeding values. Minimal modifications of current softwares are necessary in order to incorporate extra relationship matrices, however computing such matrices has a cubic cost. Recently, a system of equations relaxing the computing cost of creating the inverse of the genomic relationship matrix was presented, which creates an unsymmetric system of equations. Bi Conjugate Gradient Stabilized solvers (BiCGSTAB) were proposed to solve unsymmetric system of equations and also can be used with iteration on data programs, resulting in a good choice for solving large-scale genetic evaluations. Here we describe the implementation of a large genetic evaluation using unsymmetric solvers within the iteration on data framework. Comparison with the regular single-step methodology is presented and the effects of different preconditioners and data structures on the convergence pattern were studied. A large scale genetic evaluation was feasible, however required more rounds to get convergence compared with the regular single-step. More sophisticated preconditioners are necessary to improve the convergence for solving unsymmetric single-step genomic evaluations.
A study of clinical and economic burden of surgical site infection in patients undergoing caesarian section at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India

Background Caesarian section is one of the most commonly performed surgeries in India. Determination of the incidence as well as the clinical and financial burden of post caesarian surgical site infection (SSI), is of critical importance for all the stakeholders for rational and fair allocation of resources. Methods This study was a prospective observational case-control study. The mean direct and indirect cost of treatment for the cases were compared with the control patients. An unpaired t-test was used to compare the mean between the two groups. Results Out of 2024 patients, who underwent caesarian section during the study period, 114 had acquired incisional surgical site infection (ISSI), with the infection incidence being 5.63%. The total cost of illness due to post caesarian ISSI was almost three times higher compared to the non-infected matched control group. (P<0.0001). An average length of hospital stay in the ISSI patient group was 10 days longer than that in the control group (P<0.0001) and importantly total length of antimicrobial therapy(LOT) in patients with ISSI was also almost three times higher than the control group (P<0.0001). Conclusion The development of post caesarian SSI imposes a significant clinical as well as a financial burden. The study highlights the necessity of taking effective preventive measures to decrease the incidence of SSI.
Do Gender and Prior Experience Moderate the Factors Influencing Attitude toward Using Social Media for Festival Attendance?

Male and female consumers differ in terms of decision-making. This is also true for inexperienced and experienced consumers. Although the extant research delineates studies that have centered on the interrelationships between perceived ease of use (PEU), perceived enjoyment (PE), perceived usefulness (PU), attitude toward using social media (ATUSM), and users’ behavioral intentions, there is still a dearth of empirical research about gender and prior experience as the two potential moderators. With this recognition, our study examines gender and prior experience as moderators of the effects of PEU, PE, and PU on ATUSM. Our study also investigates ATUSM as a full mediator of the impacts of PEU, PE, and PU on users’ intentions to attend festivals (IAF). Data came from the students of the Korean Government Scholarship Program. The results from structural equation modeling reveal that the positive influence of PE on ATUSM is stronger among female users. As expected, the positive impact of PU on ATUSM is stronger for male users. As hypothesized, prior experience strengthens the positive effects of PE and PU on ATUSM. The results further reveal that ATUSM fully mediates the effects of PE and PU on IAF. Based on the aforesaid findings, theoretical implications are discussed and managerial implications to enhance business sustainability are offered.
Differential Diagnosis of Type 1 and Type 2 Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on Enhanced CT Radiomics Nomogram

Objectives To construct a contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics nomogram that combines clinical factors and a radiomics signature to distinguish papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) type 1 from pRCC type 2 tumours. Methods A total of 131 patients with 60 in pRCC type 1 and 71 in pRCC type 2 were enrolled and divided into training set (n=91) and testing set (n=40). Patient demographics and enhanced CT imaging characteristics were evaluated to set up a clinical factors model. A radiomics signature was constructed and radiomics score (Rad-score) was calculated by extracting radiomics features from contrast-enhanced CT images in corticomedullary phase (CMP) and nephrographic phase (NP). A radiomics nomogram was then built by incorporating the Rad-score and significant clinical factors according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic performance of the clinical factors model, radiomics signature and radiomics nomogram was evaluated on both the training and testing sets. Results Three validated features were extracted from the CT images and used to construct the radiomics signature. Boundary blurring as an independent risk factor for tumours was used to build clinical factors model. The AUC value of the radiomics nomogram, which was based on the selected clinical factors and Rad-score, were 0.855 and 0.831 in the training and testing sets, respectively. The decision curves of the radiomics nomogram and radiomics signature in the training set indicated an overall net benefit over the clinical factors model. Conclusion Radiomics nomogram combining clinical factors and radiomics signature is a non-invasive prediction method with a good prediction for pRCC type 1 tumours and type 2 tumours preoperatively and has some significance in guiding clinicians selecting subsequent treatment plans.