Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Likelihood-based confidence intervals for functions of many parameters

SUMMARY Methods described first by Madansky (1965) and revived more recently by Cox & Oakes (1984, pp. 51-2) are extended to incorporate the calculation of likelihood-based confidence intervals for functions of many parameters. Examples involving failure time data are used to illustrate the techniques. This paper concerns the derivation of confidence intervals for complicated functions of many binomial parameters. Examples include the probability-of-being-in-response function introduced by Temkin (1978), and the cumulative incidence functions that arise in the context of multivariate failure time data with competing risks. Although point estimates of these 'summary functions' are available, their standard errors, given by the multivariate 8-method, may be algebraically complicated, so that confidence intervals may not always be easily obtained. In ? 2 of this paper we describe a likelihood-based solution to the problem of deriving 1 - a confidence intervals for complicated functions of many parameters. Because the intervals are based directly on the likelihood function, they are invariant under 1-1 transformations of the parameters. The description of the solution is set in the context of k independent binomial samples since the two examples presented in ? 3 arise in this context. However, the method does not appear to be intrinsically limited by the binomial framework, and could yield useful results in many other parametric and nonparametric settings.
An Application of a Second Order Upwinding Scheme for an Implicit LES CFD Solver

The flow past a right square cylinder in a duct at a Reynolds number of 22 x 103 has been employed to validate the use of second order upwinding, instead of a subgrid model in a largeeddy simulation. In this extensively studied problem, all the numerical work has been based on a simplifying assumption that the square cylinder is infinite, which resulted in all previous workers using cyclic boundary conditions so as to reduce the required domain size. It is not clear how the size of the domain had been established and, therefore, whether it was sufficiently large to adequately represent the experimental flow in a duct. The integral quantities of the drag and lift coefficient and the Strouhal number, converged towards the experimental values as the grid resolution is increased. However, the cyclic boundary condition assumption leads to a flow width that provides too small a region of uncorrelated flow. A model of the full duct case, identical to experimental domain, was used to contrast the cyclic domain results. Surprisingly the second order upwind model generates power spectra that appear to correctly capture the energy cascade down to the inertial and viscous ranges.
Nonparametric Unfolding of Binary Choice Data

This paper shows a general nonparametric unfolding technique for maximizing the correct classification of binary choice or two-category data. The motivation for and the primary focus of the unfolding technique are parliamentary roll call voting data. However, the procedures that implement the unfolding also can be applied to the problem of unfolding rank order data as well as analyzing a data set that would normally be the subject of a probit, logit, or linear probability analysis. One aspect of the scaling method greatly improves Manski's “maximum score estimator” technique for estimating limited dependent variable models. To unfold binary choice data two subproblems must be solved. First, given a set of chooser or legislator points, a cutting plane must be found such that it divides the legislators/choosers into two sets that reproduce the actual choices as closely as possible. Second, given a set of cutting planes for the binary choices, a point for each chooser or legislator must be found which reproduces the actual choices as closely as possible. Solutions for these two problems are shown in this paper. Monte Carlo tests of the procedure show it to be highly accurate in the presence of voting error and missing data.
Principal series Whittaker functions on SL(3 ,R )

Introduction The origin of this paper is the master's thesis [1] of the first named author Ma nabe, who obtained the holonomic systems for the A-radial part of (non-spherical) principal series Whittaker functions on SL(3, R), and also the formal power series solutions of this holonomic system. The untimely illness made it impossible for him to develop this research further. The last named author who had been the advisor of this thesis asked the second named author Ishii, to push forward this study to obtain integral expressions of the solutions for the holonomic systems mentioned above, and other related results. The study of Whittaker models of algebraic groups over local fields has already some history. The Jacquet integral is named after the investigation of H. Jacquet [9]. Multiplicity free theorem by J.Shalika for quasi-split groups, was later enhanced for the case of the real field by N. Wallach. For reductive groups over the real field, this theme was investigated by M. Hashizume [6], B. Kostant, D. Vogan, H. Matsumoto, and the joint work of R. Goodman and N. Wallach [5].
Ps in Motion : On the semantics and syntax of P elements and motion events

This study addresses semantic and syntactic issues concerning the combination of elements of the category P (adpositions, verbal prefixes and particles) with verbs of motion and (change of) location in the description of motion events. The general proposal is guided by the idea of a division of labour between spatial PPs and verbal predicates in structuring an event and contributing to its overall aspectual make-up. It is postulated that there are two main ways to combine PPs with verbs, namely as predicate modifiers (VP adjuncts) or as secondary resultative predicates (complements to V). Special attention is paid to the latter possibility, which is analysed as involving complex predicate formation and deriving an accomplishment event structure. Empirical support for this analysis is brought forward by a detailed investigation of English, Dutch, German, Russian and Czech data. Furthermore, a broader range of data discussed in the literature, such as Romance languages and data from language acquisition, is taken into account to address the more general cross-linguistic variation in the description of motion events. New constraints on such complex predicate formation are formulated and direct parallels are drawn to complex predicate formation with other secondary resultative predicates, in particular adjectives. This thesis is of relevance to researchers of various linguistic backgrounds concerned with the interaction between semantics and syntax, typology, and more specifically to those interested in the area of event structure, inner aspect, and spatial meanings.
Elementary Magnetic Attitude Control System

A three-axis closed-loop attitude-control system for earth-observatory momentum-bias spacecraft is proposed. A horizon scanner and magnetometer are employed to measure attitude errors; no yaw sensor is required. Appropriate control signals are generated and used to command variable-strength electromagnets, which interact with the geomagnetic field to reduce observed errors. This system provides for initial acquisition, precession control, nutation damping, and pitch-axis momentum control. All functions are performed autonomously - no ground-station interaction is required. Analytical expressions predicting system response are compared with numerical solutions of the governing equations, and with the results of the application of Floquet Theory. -
Some Results on 1‐Rotational Hamiltonian Cycle Systems

A Hamiltonian cycle system of Kv (briefly, a HCS(v)) is 1‐rotational under a (necessarily binary) group G if it admits G as an automorphism group acting sharply transitively on all but one vertex. We first prove that for any n≥3 there exists a 3‐perfect 1‐rotational HCS (2n+1) . This allows to get the existence of another infinite class of 3‐perfect (but not Hamiltonian) cycle decompositions of the complete graph. Then we prove that the full automorphism group of a 1‐rotational HCS under G is G itself unless the HCS is the 2‐transitive one. This allows us to give a partial answer to the problem of determining which abstract groups are the full automorphism group of a HCS. Finally, we revisit and simplify by means of a careful group theoretic discussion a formula by Bailey, Ollis, and Preece on the number of inequivalent 1‐rotational HCSs under G. This leads us to a formula counting all 1‐rotational HCSs up to isomorphism. Though this formula heavily depends on some parameters that are hard to compute, it allows us to say that, for any n≥6 , there are at least 2⌈3n/4⌉ nonisomorphic 1‐rotational (and hence symmetric) HCS( 2n+1 ).
Accuracy criteria for radar cross section measurements of targets consisting of multiple independent scatterers

Two theoretical models for radar cross-section (RCS) measurements of electrically large targets consisting of multiple independent point scatterers are developed to determine the accuracy with which sample averages approximate true average RCSs. Two specific sources of measurement error are addressed. The far-field criterion is shown to depend on antenna beamwidth rather than phase planarity of the illuminating field at the target, resulting in a greatly reduced requirement for separation between radar and target. The effect of clutter on the measured signals is found by determination of the joint probability density between the target and the measurement values, and the variance of the error produced by the clutter is shown to be systematically reduced by averaging a number of measured samples. >
Variational Analysis, Optimization, and Fixed Point Theory

In the last two decades, the theory of variational analysis including variational inequalities (VI) emerged as a rapidly growing area of research because of its applications in nonlinear analysis, optimization, economics, game theory, and so forth; see, for example, [1] and the references therein. In the recent past, many authors devoted their attention to study the VI defined on the set of fixed points of a mapping, called hierarchical variational inequalities. Very recently, several iterative methods have been investigated to solve VI, hierarchical variational inequalities, and triple hierarchical variational inequalities. Since the origin of the VI, it has been used as a tool to study optimization problems. Hierarchical variational inequalities are used to study the bilevel mathematical programming problems. A triple level mathematical programming problem can be studied by using triple hierarchical variational inequalities. The Ekeland’s variational principle provides the existence of an approximate minimizer of a bounded below and lower semicontinuous function. It is one of the most important results from nonlinear analysis and it has applications in different areas of mathematics and mathematical sciences, namely, fixed point theory, optimization, optimal control theory, game theory, nonlinear equations, dynamical systems, and so forth, for example, [2–9] and the references therein. During the last decade, it has been used to study the existence of solutions of equilibrium problems in the setting of metric spaces, for example, [2, 3] and the references therein. Banach’s contraction principle is remarkable in its simplicity, yet it is perhaps the most widely applied fixed point theory in all of analysis. This is because the contractive condition on the mapping is simple and easy to verify, and because it requires only completeness of the metric space. Although, the basic idea was known to others earlier, the principle first appeared in explicit form inBanach’s 1922 thesis where it was used to establish the existence of a solution to an integral equation. Caristi’s fixed point theorem [10, 11] has found many applications in nonlinear analysis. It is shown, for example, that this theorem yields essentially all the known inwardness results of geometric fixed point theory in Banach spaces. Recall that inwardness conditions are the ones which assert that, in some sense, points from the domain are mapped toward the domain. This theorem is amazing equivalent to Ekeland’s variational principle.
Reliability and degradation of small molecule-based organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs)

Studies of degradation mechanisms in small molecule-based organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are reviewed. A special emphasis is given to OLEDs based on tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AlQ/sub 3/), an emitter and electron transport material used in the majority of OLEDs emitting from the green to the red part of the spectrum. Different strategies used for increasing device stability are addressed and the models proposed to explain experimental observations related to OLED operational stability are discussed. Although none of the presently proposed models can explain all experimental observations, the largest body of experimental evidence appears to be consistent with a model based on the instability of cationic AlQ/sub 3/ species, produced by the injection of holes into the AlQ/sub 3/ electron transport and emitter layer. Other models may be of importance in explaining degradation behavior on different time scales. Models based on redistribution of space charge appear to be responsible for reversible short-term degradation, while a model based on indium migration may be important for degradation on very long time scales.
GEOMETRY OF HALF LIGHTLIKE SUBMANIFOLDS OF AN INDEFINITE KAEHLER MANIFOLD WITH A QUARTER-SYMMETRIC METRIC CONNECTION

Abstract. In this paper, we study the geometry of half lightlikesubmanifolds of an inde nite Kaehler manifold equipped with aquarter-symmetric metric connection. The main result is to proveseveral classi cation theorems for such half lightlike submanifolds. 1. IntroductionA linear connection r on a semi-Riemannian manifold (M; g) is calleda quarter-symmetric connection if its torsion tensor T satis esT(X;Y) = ˇ(Y)˚X ˇ(X)˚Yfor any vector elds X and Y on M, where ˚is a (1;1)-type tensor eld, and ˇis a 1-form associated with a non-vanishing smooth vector eld , which is called the torsion vector eld of M, by ˇ(X) = eg(X;). Moreover, if r is satis ed rg = 0, then it is called a quarter-symmetricmetric connection.The notion of the quarter-symmetric metric connection was intro-duced by K. Yano and T. Imai [17], and since then it have been studiedby S.C. Rastogi [15, 16], D. Kamilya and U.C. De [11], R.S. Mishra andS.N. Pandey [12], S. Golab [6] and many others.The study of lightlike submanifolds was initiated by Duggal and Be-jancu [2] and later studied by many authors (see up-to date results in[4, 5]). Its theory is an important topic of research in di erential ge-ometry due to its application in mathematical physics, especially in thegeneral relativity. The class of codimension 2 lightlike submanifoldsof semi-Riemannian manifolds is composed of two classes by virtue of
A group of outbursts with exponential decays in the Rapid Burster

Aims. We present an analysis focused on a specific group of six intense outbursts (abbreviated as group A) that displays strong persistent emission in the unique low-mass X-ray binary Rapid Burster (MXB 1730–335). Methods. Observations taken from ASM/RXTE in the 1.5–12 keV passband were utilized. Results. We interpret the exponential decay of these outbursts as arising from irradiation of the disk by X-rays strong enough to ionize all of the disk out to its outer edge without self-shadowing, using earlier models. The parameters of irradiation apparently remained stable with a relatively high degree of consistency for all six events of group A, but they underwent a large and rapid change in twelve outbursts of the subsequent set (group B). We argue that this was because of a change in the conditions for the disk irradiation. We interpret the irradiation in terms of the slim accretion disk region. We find that the vertical dimension of the irradiating source, hence its ability to irradiate the disk, decreases with the increasing luminosity of the outbursts with exponential decays in neutron-star, soft X-ray transients of a comparable orbital period length, and is exceptionally small in the Rapid Burster. The group A outburst profiles indicate that the Rapid Burster is an ultra-compact system. The difference between the intensities and profiles of the group A and group B outbursts is not caused by a different absorption and the irradiating source remains the same for both groups. Fluctuations in the outburst profile display striking regularities, not only inside each group, but also between both groups. We interpret them as due to the spiral arms reaching the disk center. The very rapid rise of outbursts in both groups speaks in favor of a small radius for the optically thin, advection-dominated flow prior to an outside-in outburst. We argue in favor of a relatively weak magnetic field of the neutron star in this system and against a significant role for the propeller effect.
A Cognitive Hierarchy Theory of One-shot Games and Experimental Analysis

In game-theoretic equilibrium, players' beliefs about choices by others are statistically correct. This "mutual consistency" assumption often predicts poorly in one-shot games. We develop an alternative "cognitive hierarchy" (CH) theory. In the CH model players who are not thinking strategically (0 steps) randomize. Players doing k steps of thinking predict accurately what lower-level players (steps 0 to k − 1) do, and best-respond given their beliefs. The model can explain why equilibration is so limited in some games (such as p-beauty contest), and surprisingly accurate in other games (such as business entry). The average number of thinking steps is about 1.5 across many games.
Competition between secondary structures in gas phase polyalanines

The temperature-dependent conformations of alanine-rich polypeptides are investigated using generalized ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. Pure polyalanines form α helices at low temperature, but exhibit an intermediate β-sheet structure below the coil transition. For the substituted peptide WA13, the simulation predicts the β conformation to be more stable than helices already at low temperatures, and the β motif is further favored by entropy. Measurements of the electric dipole of this peptide do not provide evidence for helical structures even at room temperature. These experimental observations are thus compatible with our suggestion of β conformations, even though random-coil structures cannot be ruled out. Finally, we show how to stabilize α helices by an intense electric field, possibly leading to electrofreezing behavior.
Ocean Surface Winds off the West Coast of New Zealand: A Comparison of Ocean Buoy, ECMWF Model, and Land-Based Data

Abstract Wind data for the period July–October 1994 from an ocean buoy moored off the west coast of New Zealand have been compared with model wind data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and data from the nearest land-based station. The buoy and ECMWF winds were highly coherent and strongly polarized in the alongshore direction, suggesting that the ECMWF model correctly accounts for the orographic effect of the mountainous New Zealand landmass on the prevailing synoptic weather systems. At low frequencies, the ECMWF data can be used as a substitute for in situ wind data in oceanographic applications in the New Zealand region. This is a similar result to that reported in some Northern Hemisphere studies. In contrast, winds at the land-based site were much weaker and less strongly aligned alongshore than winds recorded offshore.
Potential of reflected GNSS signals for ice sheet remote sensing

Earth-reflected GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals have become an attractive tool for remote sensing, e.g., ocean altimetry and scatterometric ocean wind measurements. For ice sheets, the large penetration capability and the large-scale surface averaging of the L-band signals could open a new look on firnpack characteristics like accumulation rates. In this paper we investigate theoretically reflections of GPS (Global Positioning System) signals from ice sheets. We derive a model of the reflection signal and perform simulations of airborne and spaceborne measurements. The results show that the signal, though complex, is sensitive to the roughness of the snow surface (and internal interfaces) and to firn parameters like accumulation rates. To extract valuable and concise information from the complex signal, we derive all example procedure that focusses on particular ground zones during a satellite receiver pass. The results indicate that it should be possible in principle to separately infer surface and firnpack parameters from the measurements. We conclude that GNSS reflections over ice sheets should be further persued, in particular by obtaining experimental data.
Low-voltage and high-field-effect mobility organic transistors with a polymer insulator

A key issue in research into organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is low-voltage operation. In this study, we fabricated a pentacene thin-film transistor with an ultrathin layer of polyvinyl alcohol (9nm) as a gate insulator, and obtained a device with excellent electrical characteristics at low operating voltages (below 2V). This device was found to have a field-effect mobility of 1.1cm2∕Vs, a threshold voltage of −0.98V, an exceptionally low subthreshold slope of 180mV/decade, and an on/off current ratio of 106. This favorable combination of properties means that such OTFTs can be operated successfully at voltages below 2V.
Correlation between helium mole fraction and plasma bullet propagation in low temperature plasma jets

A helium flow dynamics simulation is performed along the propagation region of the plasma bullet to determine the minimum helium mole fraction value necessary to sustain its propagation. The plasma bullet launches from a plasma jet device called the ‘plasma pencil’ driven by unipolar square nanosecond high voltage pulses and propagates in the surrounding air. During its propagation, air molecules diffuse into the path/helium channel of the plasma bullet. It is found that if the ratio of air molecules to helium atoms exceeds a certain limit, the plasma bullet propagation is inhibited. In this study, the helium mole fraction limits are estimated for different operating conditions of the plasma pencil.
Parametric excitation of surface waves in a strongly inhomogeneous plasma

The parametric excitation of surface waves in a warm inhomogeneous plasma is investigated. It is demonstrated that the coupling between the surface wave and plasmons that can be excited in the transition layer must be taken into account. The growth rate and the threshold value for the instability process are calculated. It is also shown that thermal effects are of importance even for very low temperatures, since the plasmons can now propagate out of the resonance region.
Natural Convection Heat Transfer from Fractal-Like Fins

The results of a computational investigation into the performance of fractal-like fins under conditions where natural convection is the sole heat transfer mechanism are presented. Fractal patterns such as the Sierpinski carpet have previously been shown to increase surface area significantly, compared to classical geometries, while also reducing mass. This study examines fin performance for a baseline case (a square fin) relative to the first four fractal iterations of fins inspired by the Sierpinski carpet fractal pattern. To evaluate thermal performance, constant heat flux conditions were applied to the base of the fins. Geometric fin parameters, surface heat flux, fin scale, and fin orientation were varied to understand their role with regard to fin effectiveness and fin efficiency. Fin effectiveness was found to be greatly increased through the use of fractal-like fins, due to the increase in surface area per fin volume. Fin effectiveness per unit mass was also found to be improved significantly, whic.