Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of weed management practices on yield attribution of urdbean under late sown

A field experiment was carried out during kharif season of 2012 at the Research Cum Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyala, Raipur to find out appropriate sowing date and weed management practices of blackgram. The experiment was laid down in split plot design with three replication. There were three date of sowing assigned in main plot and the weed management practices assigned in sub plot The soil of the experimental field was clayey in texture (Vertisols) with low N, medium P and high K content. Result revealed that the highest plant population was recorded under August 9 sowing over rest of sowing dates. Significantly the higher yield and its attribute was noted under August 9 sowing over other dates tested. Among the weed management practices, application of imazethapyr 35 % + imazamox 35 % (Odyssey 70 WG) @ 75 g ha-1 + HW at 35 DAS (W6) produced significantly higher yield and its attribute. However, it was found at par with pendimethalin (PE) @ 1 kg ha-1 + HW at 25 DAS (W4). Among different weed management practices, application of imazethapyr 35 % + imazamox 35 % (Odyssey 70 WG) @ 75 g ha-1 + HW at 35 DAS (W6) performed better over other weed management practices under the agro-climatic condition of Chhattisgarh plains.
Survey, pathogenicity, cultural and morphological characterisation of Alternaria isolates associated with Alternaria leaf spot of cabbage

Cabbage is a profitable vegetable crop in Kerala grown for its compact head formed by the leaves. Among fungal diseases, Alternaria leaf spot caused by A. brassicicola is a noteworthy concern as it effects the crop all over the world. Hence the present study was conducted to determine the incidence of disease and detail studies of cultural and morphological characters of the pathogen. Survey was taken up in three districts of Kerala viz., Trivandrum, Kollam, Idukki and the maximum per cent disease index (57.14%) was recorded in Muthuvankudy regions of Idukki district. Seven isolates recovered from the diseased samples were isolated, purified and pathogenicity was proved. Cultural and Morphological characters of different isolates of Alternaria spp. obtained during the survey were studied and showed that the mycelia were septate and conidia were produced in chains from the conidiophores. Conidia are beakless and consist of both longitudinal and transverse septa.
Pro-Seal Laryngeal Mask Airway versus Endotracheal Intubation in Paediatric Patients

Background: The management of airway in a paediatric patient is an important concern of anesthesiologist. Endotracheal tube (ET) is always considered a gold standard but it has several demerits. Recently ProSeal LMA (PLMA) was introduced to clinical practice with additional advantages over ET and LMA. Hence the present study was undertaken to compare PLMA with ET for airway management in paediatric patients requiring elective surgery under general anaesthesia in terms of attempts of insertion, haemodynamic parameters and perioperative complications. Method: A total 90 patients of either sex, of ASA grade I/II, age between 2-10 years were enrolled and randomly allocated to Group P (n=45)PLMA used to establish airway (Size 2) and Group E (n=45)Endotracheal intubation done to establish airway. Results: The 1st attempt success rate for placement of airway device was 95.56% in group P and 97.78% in group E, (p>0.05). In group P, the first attempt success rate for insertion of feeding tube was found to be 91.11%, it was not tried in group E. Haemodynamic changes were comparable and found no significant difference between two groups. SpO2 and ETCO2 in both groups were comparable and clinically acceptable. The incidence of coughing, sore throat, hoarseness and vomiting was more in group E than group P whereas the incidence of trauma was more in group P. Conclusion: Proseal LMA is a safe and suitable alternative airway device to ETT in pediatric patients as judged by comparable success rate of insertion, stable hemodynamics, good oxygenation, adequate ventilation and lesser incidence of postoperative complications.
Evaluating the Calibration of Knowledge Graph Embeddings for Trustworthy Link Prediction

Little is known about the trustworthiness of predictions made by knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models. In this paper we take initial steps toward this direction by investigating the calibration of KGE models, or the extent to which they output confidence scores that reflect the expected correctness of predicted knowledge graph triples. We first conduct an evaluation under the standard closed-world assumption (CWA), in which predicted triples not already in the knowledge graph are considered false, and show that existing calibration techniques are effective for KGE under this common but narrow assumption. Next, we introduce the more realistic but challenging open-world assumption (OWA), in which unobserved predictions are not considered true or false until ground-truth labels are obtained. Here, we show that existing calibration techniques are much less effective under the OWA than the CWA, and provide explanations for this discrepancy. Finally, to motivate the utility of calibration for KGE from a practitioner's perspective, we conduct a unique case study of human-AI collaboration, showing that calibrated predictions can improve human performance in a knowledge graph completion task.
Shoot and Root Responses to Water Deficits in Rainfed Lowland Rice

A field study was conducted to determine the response of the rice cultivar IR54 to a gradient of soil moisture conditions imposed for 19 days at the vegetative stage using a line source sprinkler system. A mild plant water stress at the vegetative growth stage decreased tiller number, leaf area index (LAI), apparent canopy photosynthetic rates, leaf nitrogen per unit land area, shoot and total root dry mass, and total root length density. After complete stress relief by reflooding, LAI and crop growth remained below that of unstressed plants. The lower cumulative assimilation per unit land area in the stressed treatments resulted in reduced shoot and root dry matter yields and lower grain yields. Water stress increased the ratio of shoot dry mass to root dry mass, and the ratio of leaf area to total root length. The decrease in root length was attributed to increased soil mechanical impedance.
NEMO-Binding Domain Peptide, Blocks Inflammatory Injury in Murine Colitis

Inflammatory mediators such as TNF, IL-6, and IL-1 are important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and are regulated by the activation of NFB. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the NFB essential modulator (NEMO)-binding domain (NBD) peptide, which has been shown to block the association of NEMO with the I B kinase subunit (IKK ) and inhibit NFB activity, reduces inflammatory injury in mice with colitis. Two colitis models were established by the following: 1) inclusion of dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in the drinking water of the mice; and 2) a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid enema. Marked NFB activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines were observed in colonic tissues. The NBD peptide ameliorated colonic inflammatory injury through the down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines mediated by NFB inhibition in both models. These results indicate that an IKK targeted NFB blockade using the NBD peptide could be an attractive therapeutic approach for inflammatory bowel disease. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 179: 2681–2685.
PERSPECT IVE

Both synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are thought to be critical for memory formation. Dell’Acqua and co-workers now demonstrate that transient postsynaptic incorporation of Ca-permeable (CP) a-amino-3hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) is required for LTD in the exemplary hippocampal CA1 region in 2-week-old mice. Mechanistically, LTD depends on AKAP150-anchored protein kinase A (PKA) to promote the initial functional recruitment of CP-AMPARs during LTD induction and on AKAP150anchored protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) to trigger their subsequent removal as part of the lasting depression of synaptic transmission.
Plant growth regulators increase the fruit size of ‘Spadona’ and ‘Coscia’ pears (Pyrus communis) in a warm climate

Summary The two main pear cultivars grown in the warm climate of Israel, ‘Spadona’ and ‘Coscia’, produce relatively small fruit. Over five consecutive years (2001 – 2005), the application of 0.12% (v/v) BoleroTM [8.6 mg l–1 gibberellic acid (GA3) plus 6 mg l–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) plus 6 mg l–1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)] at full-bloom, caused an appreciable and significant increase in fruit size without any deformation of the calyx-end, which is typical of GA3 treatment when applied at the same phenological stage to improve fruit set. GA3 alone did not increase fruit size. Application of 0.125% (v/v) PerlanTM [25 mg l–1 benzyladenine (BA) plus 25 mg l–1 GA4+7] at full-bloom + 14 d, increased fruit size via stimulation of fruit cell division (BA) and fruit cell enlargement (GA4+7), with no negative effect on fruit shape.
The Evaluation of High Tannin Cotton Lines for Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum

The Evaluation of High Tannin Cotton Lines for Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. (December 2009) Raymond Matthew Kennett, B.S., Cornell University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. C. Wayne Smith and Dr. Peggy Thaxton Cotton seedling disease complex is caused by a number of pathogens inducing similar symptoms and can lead to thin, uneven stands that grow slowly and yield poorly. Preliminary work indicated that a set of high tannin cotton lines developed and released in 1989 by Texas A&M AgriLife Research, (Smith et al., 1990a, Smith et al., 1990b, Schuster et al., 1990) may possess increased resistance to disease. This evidence, along with additional studies that show a clear role of tannin in disease resistance, suggest that these high tannin cotton lines may prove useful in breeding for increased resistance to cotton seedling disease complex. High tannin cotton lines were screened for their resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. While no high tannin germplasm line was more resistant to R. solani than the resistant control, Tamcot SP 21, the potential for significant gains from selection was demonstrated. Fifteen high tannin lines expressed resistance to P. aphanidermatum equal to the resistant control, Tamcot Sphinx (El-Zik and Thaxton, 1996). This resistance was not shown to be correlated with tannin content, though it is still unclear whether or not this lack of correlation is real or due to limitations in measuring tannin in infected seedlings.
Diel Feeding Habits of Sockeye and Chum Salmon in the Bering Sea during the Summer.

Diel feeding habits of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and chum salmon O. keta in the Bering Sea during the summer were investigated by four parameters: the frequency of empty stomachs, stomach content weight, digestion stage, and pH of the inner wall of the blind sac in the stomach. Stomach samples were obtained at various times of day from gillnet surveys. Sockeye and chum salmon exhibited similar diel feeding patterns, although each of the four parameters of sockeye salmon fluctuated more distinctly than in chum salmon. Based on the present results together with previous knowledge, it is hypothesized that the two species obtain metabolic energy in different ways; sockeye salmon feed on more nutritious food organisms than chum salmon, but are inferior to chum salmon in digestion abilities. Chum salmon can utilize peculiar or poorly nutritious food organisms such as jellyfish, on which other salmonid fish seldom feed, with the help of physiologically and morphologically greater digestion abilities.
Nuevos aportes a la micropropagación de Swietenia macrophylla X Swietenia mahogani(CAOBA HIBRIDA) y Cedrela odorata(CEDRO)

Meliaceas have a high commercial value, which has caused a quick decrease of the number of elite trees; among the main species are Cedrela and Swietenia. This paper shows the results of micropropagating these two species from seeds. The use of mercury bichloride (HgCl 2 ) at 0.25 %, during five minutes reached the best disinfection levels of Cedrela seeds; however, in Swietenia seeds, the highest values were achieved with calcium hypochlorite (CaClO) 2 at 2.0 and 3.0 %. The time of desinfection showed significant effects on the contamination and germination percentages of seeds. The supplement of 6-Bencilamine purine (6-BAP) at 0.50 mg.L achieved the best explant quality and multiplication rates in both species. The use of Indolbutiric acid (IBA) at 0.50 mg.L to rooting induction achieved very favorable results. RESUMEN. Las Meliáceas poseen un alto valor comercial, que ha provocado la disminución acelerada de sus ejemplares más vigorosos; dentro de sus principales especies se encuentran el cedro y la caoba. En el trabajo se destacan los resultados de la micropropagación de estas dos especies a partir de semillas botánicas. El empleo de bicloruro de mercurio (HgCl 2 ) al 0.25 % durante cinco minutos alcanzó los mejores niveles de desinfección en las semillas de cedro; sin embargo, en semillas de caoba, los valores más altos se alcanzaron con hipoclorito de calcio (CaClO) 2 al 2.0 y 3.0 %. El tiempo de duración de la desinfección también mostró una marcada incidencia en los porcentajes de contaminación y posterior germinación de las semillas. La adición de 6-Bencilaminopurina (6-BAP) a 0.50 mg.L logró mayor calidad de los explantes y buenos niveles de multiplicación en ambas especies. El empleo del ácido indolbutírico (AIB) a 0.50 mg.L en la inducción del enraizamiento logró resultados muy favorables.
Effect of Supplemental Vitamin E in Control of Rancidity in Poultry Meat

Abstract The effect of feeding graded concentrations of vitamin E on retarding rancidity in breast muscle was studied after slaughter and storage of market weight broilers and turkeys. Malonaldehyde content, determined by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, was used as the index of rancidity development during refrigerated storage at 1°C. The α-tocopherol content of both breast muscle and liver and the lipid content of breast muscle were measured to establish a correlation with the dietary vitamin E intake and the TBA value. Vitamin E was fed to broiler chickens continuously for 8 weeks at 20, 30, 40, and 60 I.U. /kg. of feed starting with day-old chicks and at 80, 160, 200 and 240 I.U. /kg. of feed for only the last 5 days before slaughter. All supplemental levels of vitamin E delayed the onset of rancidity with the 40 I.U. /kg. fed for 8 weeks or 160 I.U. /kg. fed for 5 days producing optimal effects based on TBA values. In turkeys, vitamin E was fed at 100, 200 and 400 I.U. /kg. of feed to both hens and toms for 1 to 4 weeks prior to the slaughter of the hens at 20 weeks and the toms at 24 weeks. All supplemental levels of vitamin E delayed the onset of rancidity with the 200 I.U. /kg. fed for 4 weeks or 400 I.U. /kg. fed for 3 weeks yielding the optimal effects based on TBA values. Turkeys required markedly higher levels of supplemental vitamin E than broiler chickens to delay the onset of racidity. Good correlation was found between TBA values and the α-tocopherol content of breast muscle for both broilers and turkeys.
A Nonlinear Flow Control Scheme Under Capacity Constraints

We present a nonlinear flow control scheme based on a buffer management model with physical constraints. It extends previous result of Pitsillides et al. in [6] by improving the queue length regulation for better service of network traffics. Besides a single node system, we also address the decentralized control of many cascaded nodes. The proposed discontinuous controller asymptotically regulates the buffer queue length at the output port of a router/switch to a constant reference value, under unknown time varying interfering traffics and saturation constraints on control input and states. Its continuous approximation achieves practical regulation with an ultimate bound on the regulation error tunable by a design parameter.
PHOTOSENSITIVITY

The term photosensitivity, when used to describe a cutaneous disorder or disease state, generally denotes either a quantitative or qualitative abnormality in the skin's response to sunlight or artificial light exposure. To date, nearly 40 etiologically different types of photosensitivity reactions have been described. Since many of these reactions will have similar clinical morphologic characteristics, it is difficult to plan treatment until one has obtained a history of potential participating environmental and genetic factors; the results of laboratory, histologic, and histochemical studies; and knowledge as to what specific wavelengths are responsible for inducing the reaction. This article is designed to review the various photosensitivity disorders, the roles of physical and host factors in their induction, and to some extent, what can be done to simplify diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis.
Mother-Infant Communication in a Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon): Development of Vocalization

A Japanese bat that uses constant frequency echolocation signals, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon , has a close mother-infant relationship: the mother retrieves the young if it strays and returns to it after foraging. The breeding colonies are in dark caves, and infant vocalization may serve as a basis for mother-infant communication and recognition. Infant vocalization and its development were analyzed by separating mother-infant pairs of various ages and recording their vocalizations and behavior. Infants can emit oral and nasal calls. Vocal development consists of a shift from oral to nasal calls, low to higher frequencies, and noisy to pure tones. The shift occurs even within a syllable. Morphological perfection of the laryngo-nasal junction underlies vocal development.
Flowering in males and females of a Utah willow, Salix regida and effects on growth, tannins, phenolic glycosides and sugars.

We manipulated resource allocation to reproduction in male and female Salix rigida by removing reproductive buds before expansion, and female flowers before fruit initiation. We documented a significant difference between fruiting and flowering females. Fruiting females produced smaller shoots, fewer reproductive buds and had lower concentrations of salicortin and tannins than females in the flower-removal treatment. No effect of treatment on growth and secondary metabolites was detected among males. Female controls produced less shoot biomass and fewer reproductive buds than male controls (.)
Transmission of the Granulosis Virus of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) by the Parasitoid Apanteles glomeratus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Eighty-four percent of the parasite Apanteles glomeratus that developed to maturity in Pieris rapae infected by granulosis virus (GV) transmitted the virus to the larvae of P. rapae in which they subsequently oviposited as adults. Adult A. glomeratus did not exhibit a statistically significant discrimination between GV-treated and nontreated larvae of P. rapae , although healthy larvae were attacked first with a greater frequency than GV-treated larvae. A. glomeratus distinguished between parasitized and nonparasitized healthy hosts but did not discriminate between parasitized and nonparasitized GV-infected hosts. A. glomeratus may playa significant role in the transmission of GV in field populations of its host, P. rapae .
Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth and Survival Rate of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings Reared in Plastic Bowls

on the management method in the area of feeding and feeding frequency in order to produce fish within a shortest possible time and at minimum cost with good quality. This research work was therefore aimed to determine the effects of feeding frequency on the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and weight gain (WO) of C. gariepinus fingerlings; the effect offeeding frequency on the survival rate of C. gari epinus fingerlings; and suggesting an aquaculture practice that will minimize losses and maximize profit in rearing these fish. Abstract The effects offeedingfrequency onfeed intake, growth and survival rates were determined in C gariepinus. Twentyfish per tank (bowl) werestocked in triplicate. They werefed once (1D), thrice (3D) andfive times daily (5D) respectively. The 5D group growth rates were observed significantly different (P < 0.05)/romfishfed on 1 (1 D) and (3D)feedingfrequency. All the treatments containing lD, 3D and 5D were observed to have significant difference (P > 0.05) in terms affinal weight (FW). There was also a noticeable increased trend infinal weight (5D > 3D > 1 D). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 3D and 5D treatments were higher than 1 D treatment (P < 0.05). Ac cording to the results,feeding C gariepinus 1 time daily (lD) did not influence the growth; however, 5 times daily reduced mortality and improved thefeed conversion ratio (FCR) of C.gariepinus.
Bee arrival at two Costa Rican female Catasetum orchid inflorescences, and a hypothesis on euglossine population

Two 5-flowered inflorescences of Catasetum maculatum, produced 44 d apart, attracted at least 407 male Eulaema polychroma euglossine bees, as well as 5 male E. cingulata and 2 E. meriana over 59 flower-days and 14 inflorescence-days in the early rainy season. Two bees arrived carrying pollinaria and they pollinated 3 flowers. Of the 144 bees marked at the second flowering, 9 had been marked at the first flowering 44 d earlier. Estimates of the size of the male E. polychroma population generating these results range from 931 to 4208. The higher number is probably more reliable. The possibility that these males may be drawn from a large pool and the results of other euglossine bee studies in Costa Rica lead me to hypothesize that, especially in a highly seasonal habitat, the male euglossine bees may range very widely and find nectar, orchids and mates in 3 quite different habitats. Females may find their resources in a geographically more restricted area and their habitat may intersect with those of the males only in courtship areas.
Neurostructural Correlates of IL-1β rs16944 Polymorphism in Adolescents with and without Bipolar Disorder

Increased inflammation among youth with bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with increased illness severity. Functional inflammatory polymorphisms are associated with neurostructural changes in BD. This was examined for the first time in youth. T1-weighted images of 38 BD and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were processed through FreeSurfer to obtain cortical region of interest (ROI) volumes/surface area/thickness for dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudal anterior cingulate cortex, along with subcortical ROI volumes for hippocampus and amygdala. Our results show a main effect of interleukin (IL)-1β rs16944 in the lateral occipital cortex (LOC), along with a IL-1β rs16944-by-diagnosis interaction effect for a pars triangularis surface area cluster along with a LOC volume cluster. Our results suggest that the IL-1β rs16944 polymorphism is associated with neurostructural differences in youth with BD and HCs. Future studies including other imaging phenotypes and neurocognitive tasks are warranted to evaluate the relationship between IL-1β rs16944 and brain function.