Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To evaluate the antenatal umbilical coiling index in second trimester of gestation by sonography and postnatal umbilical coiling index in relation to pregnancy outcome

Background: The umbilical cord extends from the fetal umbilicus to the fetal surface of the placenta. Its diameter is 0.8 to 2.0 cm, with an average length of 55 cm and a range of 30 to 100cm. The umbilical cord is the life line of fetus as it supplies water, nutrients and oxygen. Its three blood vessels pass along the length of the cord in a helical or coiled fashion. A coil is defined as a complete 360 spiral course of umbilical vessels around Wharton’s jelly. The umbilical coiling appears to confer turgor and compressionresistant properties to the umbilical unit, producing a cord that is strong but flexible. An abnormal coiling index has been reported to be related to adverse perinatal outcome. Methodology: This prospective observational one year study was conducted on 250 women with singleton pregnancy, who were booked and scheduled to deliver at this institution. The antenatal umbilical coiling index (aUCI) done at 18 to 23 weeks of gestation. After delivery the UCI was determined. The sensitivity and the specificity of the sonography for detecting hypocoiling, normocoiling and hypercoiling was calculated. The correlation of aUCI and UCI with perinatal outcome were assessed and stastistical analysis done. Observations: It was observed that in aUCI group, there were 22 (8.8%) hypocoiled cords, 204 (81.6%) normocoiled and 24 (9.6%) were hypercoiled cords. In UCI group, there were 25 (10%), 200 (80%) and 25 (10%) cords in the hypocoiled, hypercoiled and hypercoiled groups respectively. The sensitivity of the sonography for detecting hypocoiling, normocoiling and hypercoiling was 84%, 98.5% and 80% respectively. The specificity of the sonography for detecting hypocoiling, normocoiling and hypercoiling was 99.5%, 86% and 98.2% respectively. There was no significant association of antenatal as well as postnatal coiling pattern compared with the mode of delivery. There was significant association of LBW, fetal distress and meconium staining with both hypocoiled and hypercoiled groups as compared to the nomocoiled group. Although the percentage of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were more in the hypocoiled and hypercoiled group as compared to the normocoiled group but not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study concludes that the hypocoiling and hypercoiling of the umbilical cord observed during fetal ultrasound anatomical evaluation in the second trimester is associated with small for gestation age neonates, fetal distress and low apgar scores and may have a bearing on increased interventional deliveries thus increasing the burden on NICU. This observation has been found to be similar to the umbilical coiling index at birth, thus it is suggested that second trimester ultrasound should include umbilical coiling index as one of the parameters of evaluation and this can be used as a potential predictor of adverse perinatal outcome.
A review with comments on herpes simplex encephalitis in adults

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) can cause permanent injury to the brain parenchyma. As such, it is usually treated as a medical emergency for which correct immediate diagnosis and introduction of specific therapies are critical for survival and prognosis. Here, the authors review the current status of diagnosis and treatments and discuss unsolved issues surrounding therapeutic interventions. The authors also highlight the current expectations for future management of HSE.
Effect of different levels of green chickpea (Cicer arientinum l.) and sugar on physico-chemical constituents of Burfi

The research work on effect of different combination of green chickpea and sugar on physico-chemical properties of burfi, was conducted during 2018-2019 in the Division of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, Rajarshee Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj College of Agriculture, Kolhapur. The different levels of green chickpea were @2(H1), 4(H2) and 6(H3) per cent and two levels of sugar viz., 25 (S1) and 30 (S2) per cent in the burfi. The data revealed that moisture, fat, protein, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and acidity of green chickpea burfi was increased with increase in level of green chickpea and decreased with increase in sugar level but only non-reducing sugar increased with increase in sugar level. The effect of sugar on acidity and pH was non-signifcant. Thus, it is inferred that a good quality green chickpea burfi can be prepared by using 4 per cent green chickpea and 25 per cent sugar of khoa (H2S1).
Internally generated population activity in cortical networks hinders information transmission

How neuronal variability impacts neuronal codes is a central question in systems neuroscience, often with complex and model dependent answers. Most population models are parametric, with a tacitly assumed structure of neuronal tuning and population-wide variability. While these models provide key insights, they purposely divorce any mechanistic relationship between trial average and trial variable neuronal activity. By contrast, circuit based models produce activity with response statistics that are reflection of the underlying circuit structure, and thus any relations between trial averaged and trial variable activity are emergent rather than assumed. In this work, we study information transfer in networks of spatially ordered spiking neuron models with strong excitatory and inhibitory interactions, capable of producing rich population-wide neuronal variability. Motivated by work in the visual system we embed a columnar stimulus orientation map in the network and measure the population estimation of an orientated input. We show that the spatial structure of feedforward and recurrent connectivity are critical determinants for population code performance. In particular, when network wiring supports stable firing rate activity then with a sufficiently large number of decoded neurons all available stimulus information is transmitted. However, if the inhibitory projections place network activity in a pattern forming regime then the population-wide dynamics compromise information flow. In total, network connectivity determines both the stimulus tuning as well as internally generated population-wide fluctuations and thereby dictates population code performance in complicated ways where modeling efforts provide essential understanding.
Communicating about concerns in oncology

Cancer is a life-threatening disease that evokes many concerns in patients. When these concerns accumulate they can lead to psychological distress. This can influence patients’ suffering and overall well-being. Optimal communication between patients and providers is a good way to prevent this accumulation. A crucial element for achieving optimal communication is that the patient clearly expresses his/hers concerns during a consultation. However, this does not always happen. In part because some patients do not clearly express their concerns but rather express them as indirect cues or hints. These cues and hints are more difficult for a provider to detect and to respond to than clear expressed concerns. Patients may benefit from communication interventions that aim to improve their concern expression. The effects of existing interventions are small and inconclusive. More research is therefore needed to investigate how concern expression can be improved. To determine how concern expression can be improved, it is important to understand which factors explain and support cancer patients’ concern expression. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate these factors. The factors that explain and support concern expression were examined from two theoretical perspectives; the behavior change and the stress coping perspective.
Prevalence of dual endocrinopathy: hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes mellitus in patients of preeclampsia

Background: Hypertension associated with proteinuria greater than 0.3g/L in a 24-hour urine collection or 1+ by qualitative urine examination, after 20 weeks of gestation is preeclampsia. The present study was conducted to evaluate prevalence of dual endocrinopathy (hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes mellitus) in patients of preeclampsia.Methods: The observational study was conducted within a period of one year from November 2015 to October 2016 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology SMGS Hospital, GMC, Jammu. A total of 400 patients of preeclampsia were included in the study and underwent serum TSH and oral glucose tolerance test.Results: In this study 32.5% of the preeclampsia patients (130 out of 400) had hypothyroidism, 15.25% patients (61 out of 400 preeclampsia) had gestational diabetes mellitus, 9.75 % patients of preeclampsia had dual endocrinopathy (both hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes mellitus). Conclusions: The current study concluded that dual endocrinopathy (both hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes mellitus) has substantially higher prevalence (9.75%) in the patients of preeclampsia.
Bond Exchange Offers or Collective Action Clauses?

This paper examines two prominent approaches to design efficient mechanisms for debt renegotiation with dispersed bondholders: debt exchange offers that promise enhanced liquidation rights to a restricted number of tendering bondholders (favored under U.S. law), and collective action clauses that allow to alter core bond terms after a majority vote (favored under U.K. law). We use a dynamic contingent claims model with a debt overhang problem, where both hold-out and hold-in problems are present. We show that the former leads to a more efficient mitigation of the debt overhang problem than the latter. Dispersed debt is desirable, as exchange offers also achieve a larger and more efficient debt reduction relative to debt held by a single creditor.
Physical Activity Classification in Youth Using Raw Accelerometer Data from the Hip

ABSTRACT This study developed and evaluated machine learning algorithms to predict children’s physical activity category from raw accelerometer data collected at the hip. Fifty participants (mean age = 13.9 ± 3.0 y) completed 12 activity trials that were categorized into 5 categories: sedentary (SED), light household activities and games (LHHAG), moderate-vigorous games and sports (MVGS), walking (WALK), and running (RUN). Random Forest (RF) and Logistic Regression (LR) classifiers were trained with features extracted from the vector magnitude using 10 s non-overlapping windows. Classification accuracy was evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross validation. Overall accuracy for the RF and LR classifiers was 95.7% and 94.3%, respectively. Classification accuracy was excellent for SED (96.3% – 98.1%), LHHAG (92.3% – 95.2%), WALK (94.5% – 97.1%), RUN (99.5% – 99.6%); and MVGS (87.5% – 92.7%). The results indicate that classifiers trained on features in the raw acceleration from the hip can be used for activity recognition in young people. Abbreviations: VM: Vector Magnitude; RF: Random Forest; LR: Logistic Regression; LOSO: Leave-One-Subject-Out
How commitment influences students’ conversations about higher education

ABSTRACT Commitment and word-of-mouth communication are important relational ideas: commitment a central and defining aspect of relationships; word-of-mouth a key relational outcome. This research examines the relationship between commitment and word-of-mouth communication within the context of higher education. The study tests a new conceptual framework which explains the impact of students’ commitment on students’ intentions to emit word-of-mouth. It uses structural equation modelling to analyse data from undergraduate students studying at four UK Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Interestingly, whilst students feel stronger levels of affective commitment towards their university than towards their academic tutors, it is the affective commitment towards academics which has the greatest influence on students’ intentions to talk positively about their university experience. This research corroborates extant studies which articulate the importance of affective commitment as a driver of positive word-of-mouth, highlighting the critical contribution of affective commitment directed towards people. If Universities are looking to generate positive stories about the experiences they offer, then the relationships between students and academics are a likely determinant of success.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Fault-Tolerant Fuzzy Tracking Control With Application to Unmanned Marine Vehicles

This article presents a fault-tolerant tracking control strategy for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model-based nonlinear systems which combines integral sliding mode control with adaptive control technique. Two common actuator faults: 1) loss of effectiveness and 2) increased bias input, are considered simultaneously. The fuzzy tracking control system is first established by incorporating the integral term of the output tracking error. Then, an appropriate fuzzy integral switching surface is designed such that the corresponding sliding motion only suffers from the unamplified unmatched disturbance. The solution of the nominal tracking controller can be transformed into a to convex optimization problem. In particular, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode tracking controller is synthesized to ensure the accessibility of the sliding motion despite the effect of actuator faults and unknown disturbances. Finally, the proposed tracking strategy is verified by applying it to the dynamic positioning control of unmanned marine vehicles.
Timing and nature of palliative care discussions are patient-specific according to clinicians: a qualitative study

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with an unpredictable and complex disease trajectory. Consequently, most patients are not involved in advance care planning and do not receive palliative care until the end of life. Aim: To explore clinicians experiences, opinions and recommendations for the timing and nature of palliative care discussions in COPD. Design: Qualitative interviews with nurses and doctors that provide direct care to COPD patients. Setting/Participants: 14 clinicians working across primary and secondary care in the UK were interviewed. Results: Participants suggested that those with the appropriate expertise and an established relationship with patients were best placed to initiate discussions about palliative and future care. Early, gradual and informed palliative and future care discussions were considered best practice, however they uncommon occurrence due to service, patient and clinician-related barriers. The unpredictable disease trajectory and fine balance between providing acute care and discussing palliative care options were suggested as key greatest barriers for discussions. However, damaging patient hope was a concern for clinicians and reduced their inclination to discuss palliative care. Clinicians did not seem to think that patients were ready for discussions, therefore they avoided broaching the subject leading early in the disease trajectory. Conclusion: Stand-alone conversations about and near the end of life was described as current usual practice by clinicians, however individualised early, regular and gradual discussions with patients about immediate and long-term future plans may make such discussions feel less negative and ordinary for patients and clinicians.
Exploring the Relationship between Student and Teacher/Proxy-Respondent Scores on the Self-Determination Inventory

ABSTRACT The Self-Determination Inventory (SDI) is a suite of tools developed to measure self-determination. The SDI: Student Report was recently validated for adolescents aged 13 to 22 with and without disabilities across diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. A parallel, proxy report version to be completed by teachers or parents, the SDI: Parent/Teacher Report is also available; however, limited research has explored the congruence of ratings made on the self and proxy report versions. The present study utilized multi-group confirmatory factor analysis to compare ratings on the SDI made by adolescents and their teachers. Findings suggest that the same set of items can be used to measure self-determination using the Self-Determination Inventory across students and teachers, but that there are low correlations between self- and proxy-scores. Teacher respondents tended to report that adolescents had lower levels of self-determination, although the discrepancy between adolescent self-report and teacher proxy-report varied based on the disability status and race/ethnicity of the student. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Effect of supplementation of probiotics and rumen buffer on performance of lactating buffaloes

The study involved 12 Murrah buffaloes which were divided into two groups of six each viz. Control (T0) and Treatment group (T1). The buffaloes from Group T0 received standard concentrate mixture and roughages as per the routine practice of the farm. Whereas Group T1 received same ration as that of Group T0 along with supplement containing probiotics like yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus amyloliquifaciens) and rumen buffer 10 g/day/animal. The experiment lasted for 91 days. The average daily milk yield and FCM yield, DMI, TDN and DCP intake of buffaloes from Treatment group (T1) was significantly (P˂0.01) higher than Control group. The efficiency of feed utilization in terms of dry matter required per kg of FCM yield produced was significantly (P˂0.01) better in Group T1 than Control group. The average milk fat, protein, total solids, SNF and lactose percentage of Group T1 was significantly (P˂0.01) higher than Control group. The average somatic cell count of milk of buffaloes form Group T1 was significantly (P˂0.05) lower than Control group. The economics of the study showed an extra profit of ₹ 25.20 in Supplemented group over Control group.
Phenazepam - a new drug of abuse in Finland - findings from apprehended drivers

Aim: Phenazepam is a benzodiazepine that has not been approved for prescription use in Finland. However, it is seen considerably often in blood samples from drivers apprehended for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in Finland. Some of the positive cases might be from Russian drivers, since in Russia phenazepam is used e.g. to treat epilepsy. The majority of our findings, however, are likely to result from illegal use. We report the findings from a half year period in 2010 from DUID suspects in Finland. Methods: For the analysis of phenazepam from serum or plasma samples an LC-MS/MS system (AB Sciex API 4000) is used. The sample preparation includes solid phase extraction with Agilent Bond Elut Plexa cardridges. The HPLC-system is equipped with a phenyl-hexyl column from Phenomenex. MS-detection is done in positive ESI mode in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Results and Discussion: Case reports were reviewed to evaluate the correlation between blood concentrations and possible driving impairment. Some of the suspects underwent a clinical examination by a physician while under arrest. In phenazepam positive cases the data obtained from the clinical examination was evaluated together with the information about possible other intoxicating substances detected from the suspects blood. The aim of this evaluation was to assess the significance of phenazepam findings in DUID cases. Our data demonstrate increasing illegal use of phenazepam in Finland. Therefore, we suggest that phenazepam should be routinely included in the analysis of samples from DUI suspects.
Holographic Dark Energy with Extended Chaplygin Gas Model

Abstract In this paper we consider a correspondence between holographic dark energy density and extended Chaplygin gas energy density proposed by Pourhassan and Kahya [2014] (Advances in High Energy Physics, 231452, 2014) in FRW universe. We solve the Friedmann equation and investigate the be- haviour of cosmological parameters and also we reconstruct the potential and dynamics of the scalar field which describe the extended Chaplygin gas cosmology.
A hospital based eye health survey to see the pattern of eye diseases in Uttarakhand, India

Background: The cause of blindness and low vision differs in different countries and communities. The requirements of eye services also vary according to the need of the native population. Studies showing the pattern of ocular morbidity are needed to build better infrastructure of eye care facilities. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in eye department of Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India between April 2016 to May 2016.the patients were seen in eye OPD by ophthalmologists. Proper anterior and posterior segment evaluation was done and patients were treated accordingly. Data including the registration number, name of the patient, age, sex and diagnosis were recorded in OPD register and analysed. Results: Total 1259 patients were examined. 605 were male and 654 were female. The mean age of male patients was 43 years and for females was 41.33 years. Refractive error (20.97%) was the commonest ocular morbidity in our study followed by cataract (20.02%), follow ups of cataract surgeries and allergic conjunctivitis. Besides refractive errors total 137 (10.88%) patients were presbyopic. Conclusions: This study shows a slightly exceeding number of female patients, which shows that females are equally aware of their health problems. Refractive errors are the most common cause in present study with cataract being second, may be because of higher mean age of the patients presenting to OPD. In present study allergic conjunctivitis was third commonest cause of ocular morbidity in our district may be due to windy weather. The leading causes of ocular morbidity in our study were refractive errors, cataract, allergic conjunctivitis and, presbyopia. The high prevalence of refractive errors and cataracts shows that hospital still requires an improved infrastructure with spectacle provision to the patients.
Fracture incidence rates and the association of rest with bone remodelling in Thoroughbred racehorses at the Hong Kong Jockey Club

The aim of this study was to describe the incidence rate and anatomical configuration of catastrophic and non-catastrophic fractures related to racing Thoroughbreds at the Hong Kong Jockey Club over seven racing seasons. Electronic fracture injury records were obtained from the Hong Kong Jockey Club veterinary database and racing starts data extracted from the Hong Kong Jockey Club racing registry. Catastrophic fractures were confirmed if euthanasia was the outcome on the injury report within five days of racing and had agreeable post mortem reports which are mandatory at the Club. Non-catastrophic fractures were confirmed with an injury record which did not include euthanasia as an outcome within five days of racing and had supporting diagnostic imaging reports of fracture also mandatory at the Club. The first fracture event was determined and non-catastrophic and catastrophic fracture incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated and reported per 1000 racing starts for racetrack, age, racing season, gender and trainer. There were 179 first fracture events and 64,807 racing starts over seven racing seasons. Proximal sesamoid bone fractures represented 71% of catastrophic fracture while the most common noncatastrophic fractures were bones of the carpus and first phalanx. The incidence rate of non-catastrophic fractures was 2.17 per 1000 racing starts and catastrophic fractures was 0.6 per 1000 racing starts. Statistical differences were detected in non-catastrophic incidence rates between gender, trainer and racing season. Non-catastrophic fractures contribute to a large proportion of fractures in racing at the Hong Kong Jockey Club. The ratio of non-catastrophic fractures to catastrophic fractures are almost four to one. Increases in the non-catastrophic fracture incidence rate over seven racing seasons correlated with a decreased catastrophic fracture incidence rate over the same time period.