Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pathogens Spillover and Incidence Correlation in Bumblebees and Honeybees in Slovenia

Slovenia has a long tradition of beekeeping and a high density of honeybee colonies, but less is known about bumblebees and their pathogens. Therefore, a study was conducted to define the incidence and prevalence of pathogens in bumblebees and to determine whether there are links between infections in bumblebees and honeybees. In 2017 and 2018, clinically healthy workers of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) and honeybees (Apis mellifera) were collected on flowers at four different locations in Slovenia. In addition, bumblebee queens were also collected in 2018. Several pathogens were detected in the bumblebee workers using PCR and RT-PCR methods: 8.8% on acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), 58.5% on black queen cell virus (BQCV), 6.8% on deformed wing virus (DWV), 24.5% on sacbrood bee virus (SBV), 15.6% on Lake Sinai virus (LSV), 16.3% on Nosema bombi, 8.2% on Nosema ceranae, 15.0% on Apicystis bombi and 17.0% on Crithidia bombi. In bumblebee queens, only the presence of BQCV, A. bombi and C. bombi was detected with 73.3, 26.3 and 33.3% positive samples, respectively. This study confirmed that several pathogens are regularly detected in both bumblebees and honeybees. Further studies on the pathogen transmission routes are required.
Effects of Acute Restraint-Induced Stress on Glucocorticoid Receptors and BDNF after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

We have previously reported that experimental mild traumatic brain injury results in increased sensitivity to stressful events during the first post injury weeks, as determined by analyzing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation following restraint-induced stress. This is the same time period when rehabilitative exercise has proven to be ineffective after a mild fluid-percussion injury (FPI). Here we evaluated effects of stress on neuroplasticity. Adult male rats underwent either a FPI or sham injury. Additional rats were only exposed to anesthesia. Rats were exposed to 30-min of restraint stress, followed by tail vein blood collection at post-injury days (PID) 1, 7 and 14. The response to dexamethasone (DEX) was also evaluated. Hippocampal tissue was collected 120 min after stress onset. Brain derived neutrophic factor (BDNF) along with glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors were determined by western blot analysis. Results indicated injury dependent changes in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors that were influenced by the presence of dexamethasone. Control and FPI rats responded differentially to DEX in that GR increases after receiving the lower dose of DEX were longer lasting in the FPI group. A suppression of MR was found at PID 1 in vehicle treated FPI and Sham groups. Decreases in the precursor form of BDNF were observed in different FPI groups at PIDs 7 and 14, These findings suggest that the increased sensitivity to stressful events during the first post injury weeks, after a mild FPI, has an impact on hippocampal neuroplasticity.
Neonatal H2-Receptor Antagonist and Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatment at US Children’s Hospitals

Objective— To determine treatment frequency and duration of H2RA/PPI use among infants hospitalized within US children’s hospital NICUs and evaluate diagnoses/demographic factors associated with use. Study design— We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of NICU infants admitted to 43 US children’s hospitals within the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database between January 2006-March 2013 to determine H2RA/PPI treatment frequency, timing/duration of treatment, factors associated with use, percent of infants remaining on treatment at discharge, and inter-hospital prescribing variation. We used a modified Poisson regression to calculate the adjusted probability of infants ever receiving H2RAs/PPIs in relation to diagnosis, gestation, and sex. Results— Of the 122,002 infants evaluated, 23.8% (n=28,989) ever received an H2RA or PPI; 19.0% received H2RAs (n=23187) and 10.5% (n=12823) received PPIs. Extremely preterm infants and term infants were the most likely to receive H2RA and PPI treatment. Infants with GERD [relative risk (RR): 3.13] and congenital heart disease (RR=2.41) had the highest H2RA/PPI treatment probabilities followed by those with an ENT diagnoses (RR=2.34; p<0.05). The majority of treated infants remained treated at discharge. Conclusion— Despite limited evidence and increasing safety concerns, H2RAs/PPIs are frequently prescribed to extremely preterm neonates continued through discharge. Our findings support the need for innovative studies to examine the comparative effectiveness and safety of H2RA/PPIs versus no treatment in these high-risk neonatal populations.
ABRUPT ONSET OF LARGE SCALE NONPROTON ION RELEASE IN PURPLE MEMBRANES CAUSED BY INCREASING pH OR IONIC STRENGTH

ABSTRACr The abrupt onset of large scale nonproton ion release by photo-excited purple membrane suspensions has been observed near neutral pH using transient conductivity measurements. At pH 7 and low ionic strength, the conductivity transients due to proton and nonproton ions are of comparable magnitude but of opposite sign: fast proton release and ion uptake, followed by slow proton uptake and ion release. By increasing either the pH or the NaCl concentration, the amplitude of the conductivity transient increases sharply and the signal is then dominated by nonproton ion release. These results can be understood in terms of light-induced changes in the population of counterions condensed at the purple membrane surface caused by changes in the surface charge density. The critical charge density required for condensation to occur is evidently achieved near neutral pH by ionizing dissociable groups on the membrane by either titration (increasing the pH) or shifting their pKs (increasing the ionic strength).
Does “difficult patient” status contribute to functional demedicalization? The case of borderline personality disorder

A diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) often signals the quintessential “difficult patient” status to clinicians, with at least one scholar arguing the condition itself was created to name and group difficult patients. While patients who are deemed difficult are often dispreferred for care, does this have an impact on their overall status as medicalized patients who have successfully achieved a sick role? This study relies on (n=22) in-depth interviews with mental health clinicians in the United States from 2012 to evaluate how they describe patients with BPD, how the diagnosis of BPD affects the treatment clinicians are willing to provide, and the implications for patients. My findings suggest patients with BPD are routinely labeled “difficult,” and subsequently routed out of care through a variety of direct and indirect means. This process creates a functional form of demedicalization where the actual diagnosis of BPD remains de jure medicalized, but the treatment component of medicalization is harder to secure for patients.
Vascular smooth muscle cells ablation with endovascular non thermal irreversible electroporation

Purpose— Using fundamental principles of electroporation and mathematical analyses of temperature and electrical fields of blood vessels we developed an endovascular ablation approach - non thermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of endovascular NTIRE on blood vessels. Material and Methods— Specially made endovascular devices with four electrodes on top of inflatable balloons were used to apply electroporation pulses. Finite element simulations were used to characterize NTIRE protocols that will not induce thermal damage to treated tissues. Right iliac arteries of eight rabbits were treated with 90 NTIRE pulses. Angiograms were preformed before and after the procedures. Arterial specimens were harvested at 7 and 35 days. Evaluation included Hematoxylin & Eosin, elastic Von Giessen, and Masson’s Trichrome stains. Immunohistochemistry of selected slides included smooth muscle actin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, von willebrand factor and S-100 antigen. Results— At 7 days, all NTIRE-treated arterial segments displayed complete, transmural ablation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). At 35 days, similar damage to VSMC was noted. In most cases, elastic lamina remained intact and endothelial layer regenerated. Occasional mural inflammation and cartilaginous metaplasia were noted. After five weeks there was no evidence of significant VSMC proliferation, with the dominant process being wall fibrosis with regenerated endothelium. Conclusions— NTIRE can be applied in an endovascular approach. It efficiently ablates vessel wall within seconds and with no damage to extra-cellular structures. NTIRE has possible applications in many fields of clinical cardiology, including arterial restenosis and cardiac arrhythmias. Distribution no change;
Higher integrability of determinants and weak convergence in L1.

Let Ω be a bounded, open subset of M and assume that u : Ω — > lf$ is in the Sobolev space W ̂ "(Ω ; AP"), i.e. \\u\\w,,n = \ \u\ + \Du\dx<vo, where Du denotes the Ω distributional gradient. Then clearly the determinant detDw is integrable. The aim of this work is to show that under the additional assumption de tDw^O (almost everywhere) in fact detDw ln(2 + detDw) is integrable (on every compact set Κ<^Ω). The result holds uniformly along a sequence of functions u with \\u\\wl,n^ C and detDw ^0. This implies that the sequence {detDw} is weakly relatively (sequentially) compact in L (K). Exploiting this fact we are able to improve previous results on the weak continuity of determinants ([3], [25]) and on existence of minimizers in nonlinear elasticity ([5]). In the terminology of Lions [17], [18] and DiPerna and Majda [9], the constraint det i/^0 prevents the development of "concentrations" in the sequence {detDtt'>}. Theorem 1. l . Let i2ciiJ, n ̂ 2, be bounded and open, let u : Ω — > IfS be in W*(Q\ HS) and assume that d e t D w ^ O a.e. Then, for every compact set ΚαΩ, |detDw|ln(2-h |detDw|)eL 1 (X) and
The Effectiveness of a Program Based on Problem-Solving Mathematical Problem Solving among Grade Ten

Analytical thinking skills are critical thinking skills and higher-order thinking skills that meet students’ demands in the 21st century. This study aims to analyze the student’s analytical thinking skills in the natural sciences, particularly in new and renewable energy. This study was a sequential explanatory design with quantitative and qualitative methods. Data was obtained from the interview, observation, and essay test to students of the * Suyatman contributed to developing instruments, collecting data, analyzing data, and writing manuscripts. S. Saputro guided the findings, discussed the results, and com-mented on the document. W. Sunarno gave the idea of discovery. Sukarmin contributed to developing theories and sharpening conclusions. to determine a characteristic of the students’ analytical thinking skills. The results showed that the mean scores of the pre-test, post-test, and effect size were 54.34, 74.91, and 2.91, respectively. These results revealed that analytical thinking skills in the concept of new and renewable energy in the experimental group were higher than the control group. Innovative learning like PBL had a potential as the alternative method to increase the analytical thinking skills of student. These findings were expected to provide a general characteristic to lecturers and researchers on the students’ analytical thinking skills in higher education in the natural sciences, particularly in the concept of new and renewable energy by implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model.
Inlet Modeling Studies

Abstract : An analysis is developed for predicting the near zone fields scattered by perfectly-conducting, open-ended, semi-infinite circular and rectangular waveguides (or ducts) which are excited by an external electromagnetic (EM) plane wave. These waveguides are terminated inside by various structures such as a planar impedance surface, or a disk/blade structure with and without a hemispherical or a conical hub. The analysis is based on a combination of asymptotic high frequency techniques such as ray methods, the equivalent current approach, and the physical theory of diffraction, with the usual modal techniques, all of which are used in conjunction with the multiple scattering method (MSM). Basically, the scattering matrices in the MSM, which account for the multiple wave interactions between the open end and the interior termination are found efficiently via the asymptotic high frequency techniques. The latter techniques provide relatively simple expressions not only for the fields scattered from the rim edge at the open-end of the ducts, but also for the amplitudes of the modes coupled into the duct by the incident plane wave as well as the reflection coefficients of the modes at the open end. Some numerical results are provided for the near and far field bistatic scattering. (RH)
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL FACTORS ON TRUST IN AUTOMATION

Human interaction with automation is a complex process that requires both skilled operators and complex system designs to effectively enhance overall performance. Although automation has successfully managed complex systems throughout the world for over half a century, inappropriate reliance on automation can still occur, such as the recent malfunction in Tesla autopilot mechanisms that resulted in a fatality. Research has shown that trust, as an intervening variable, is critical to the development of appropriate reliance on automated systems. Because automation inevitably involves uncertainty, trust in automation is related to a calibration between a user’s expectations and the capabilities of automation. Prior studies suggest that trust is dynamic and influenced by both endogenous (e.g., cultural diversity) and exogenous (e.g., system reliability) variables. While a large body of work on trust in automation has accumulated over the past two decades, a standard measure has remained elusive, with research relying on short, idiosyncratically worded questionnaires. These challenges are exacerbated for measuring trust in automation in non-Western cultures because most research has been limited to North America and Western Europe. To determine how cultural factors affect various aspects of trust in and reliance on automation, the present research has developed a cross-cultural trust questionnaire and an air traffic control simulator that incorporates a variety of scenarios identified from a review of relevant literature. The measures and tasks have been validated by a crowdsourcing system (Amazon Mechanical Turk), as well as through experimental studies conducted in the U.S., Turkey, and Taiwan, with approximately 1000 participants. Over various phases of data collection and statistical evaluations, a final 18-item Universal Trust in Automation (UTA) instrument was identified that satisfies the stringent tests (including reliability and validity tests and measurement invariance analysis), indicating that the instrument is robust across national cultures and is effective in capturing both predispositions to trust and trust that evolves through use of a system. The findings reveal substantial cultural differences in human trust in automation, which have a significant impact on the design, implementation, and evaluation of automated systems to make them more trustworthy in determining the appropriate trust calibration for optimized reliance across cultures.
Innate anti-fungal immunity of human eosinophils mediated by a β 2-integrin, CD11b

Eosinophils produce and release various pro-inflammatory mediators and also show immunomodulatory and tissue remodeling functions; thus, eosinophils may be involved in the pathophysiology of asthma and other eosinophilic disorders as well as host defense. Several major questions still remain. For example, how do human eosinophils become activated in diseased tissues or at the site of immune response? What types of host immunity might potentially involve eosinophils? Herein, we found that human eosinophils react vigorously to a common environmental fungus, Alternaria alternata , which is implicated in the development and/or exacerbation of human asthma. Eosinophils release their cytotoxic granule proteins, such as eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and major basic protein, into the extracellular milieu and onto the surface of fungal organisms and kill the fungus in a contact-dependent manner. Eosinophils use their versatile β 2 integrin molecule, CD11b, to adhere to a major cell wall component, β -glucan, but eosinophils do not express other common fungal receptors, such as dectin-1 and lactosylceramide. The I-domain of CD11b is distinctively involved in the eosinophils’ interaction with β -glucan. Eosinophils do not react with another fungal cell wall component, chitin. Because human eosinophils respond to and kill certain fungal organisms, our findings identify a previously unrecognized innate immune function for eosinophils. This immune response by eosinophils may benefit the host, but in turn, it may also play a role in the development and/or exacerbation of eosinophil-related allergic human diseases, such as asthma. supernatants were analyzed for EDN. Results means±SEM 3 experiments.
Essential role of MOR in the regulation of DOR-mediated antihyperalgesia

Analgesic effects of delta opioid receptor (DOR)-selective agonists are enhanced during persistent inflammation and arthritis. Although the underlying mechanisms are still unknown, membrane density of DOR was shown to be increased 72 h after induction of inflammation, an effect abolished in mu opioid receptor (MOR)-knockout (KO) mice (Morinville et al., 2004b). In this study, we demonstrated a crucial role of MOR in DOR-mediated antihyperalgesia. Intrathecal administration of the DOR selective agonist deltorphin II failed to induce antihyperalgesic effects in MOR-KO mice, whereas it dose-dependently reversed thermal hyperalgesia in wildtype mice. The antihyperalgesic effects of deltorphin II were blocked by naltrindole but not CTOP suggesting that this agonist was mainly acting through DOR. SNC80-induced antihyperalgesic effects in MOR-KO mice were also attenuated as compared to littermate controls. In contrast, kappa opioid receptor knockout did not affect deltorphin II-induced antihyperalgesia. As evaluated using mice lacking endogenous opioid peptides, the regulation of DOR’s effects was also independent of β -endorphin, enkephalins, or dynorphin opioids known to be released during persistent inflammation. We therefore conclude that DOR-mediated antihyperalgesia is dependent on MOR expression but that activation of MOR by endogenous opioids is probably not required.
Effects of antibacterial primers with quaternary ammonium and nano-silver on S. mutans impregnated in human dentin blocks

Objectives— Recent studies developed antibacterial bonding agents and composites containing a quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM) and nanoparticles of silver (NAg). The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the effect of antibacterial primers containing QADM and NAg on the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) impregnated into dentin blocks for the first time, and (2) the effect of QADM or NAg alone or in combination, and the effect of NAg mass fraction, on S. mutans viability in dentin. Methods— Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) bonding agent was used. QADM and NAg were incorporated into SBMP primer. Six primers were tested: SBMP primer control, control + 10% QADM (mass %), control + 0.05% NAg, control + 10% QADM + 0.05% NAg, control + 0.1% NAg, and control + 10% QADM + 0.1% NAg. S. mutans were impregnated into dentin blocks, then a primer was applied. The viable colony-forming units (CFU) were then measured by harvesting the bacteria in dentin using a sonication method. Results— Control + 10% QADM + 0.1% NAg had bacteria inhibition zone 8-fold that of control (p < 0.05). The sonication method successfully harvested bacteria from dentin blocks. Control + 10% QADM + 0.1% NAg inhibited S. mutans in dentin blocks, reducing the viable CFU in dentin by three orders of magnitude, compared to control dentin without primer. Using QADM+NAg was more effective than QADM alone. Higher NAg content increased the potency. Dentin shear bond strength was similar for all groups (p > 0.1). Significance— Antibacterial primer with QADM and NAg were shown to inhibit the S. mutans impregnated into dentin blocks for the first time. Bonding agent containing QADM and NAg is N H PA A u t ho r M anu sc r i p t N I H PA A u t r p t r i p t promising to eradicate bacteria in tooth cavity and inhibit caries. The QADM and NAg may have applicability to other adhesives, cements, sealants and composites.
Finite Element Modeling of Endovascular Intervention Enables Hemodynamic Prediction of Complex Treatment Strategies for Coiling and Flow Diversion

Endovascular interventions using coil embolization and flow diversion are becoming the mainstream treatment for intracranial aneurysms (IAs). To help assess the effect of intervention strategies on aneurysm hemodynamics and treatment outcome, we have developed a finite-element-method (FEM)-based technique for coil deployment along with our HiFiVS technique for flow diverter (FD) deployment in patient-specific IAs. We tested four clinical intervention strategies: coiling (1–8 coils), single FD, FD with adjunctive coils (1–8 coils), and overlapping FDs. By evaluating post-treatment hemodynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), we compared the flow-modification performance of these strategies. Results show that a single FD provides more reduction in inflow rate than low PD coiling, but less reduction in average velocity inside the aneurysm. Adjunctive coils add no additional reduction of inflow rate beyond a single FD until coil PD exceeds 11%. This suggests that the main role of FDs is to divert inflow, while that of coils is to create stasis in the aneurysm. Overlapping FDs decreases inflow rate, average velocity, and average wall shear stress (WSS) in the aneurysm minimal additional reduction. In conclusion, our FEM-based techniques for virtual coiling and flow diversion enable recapitulation of complex endovascular intervention strategies and detailed hemodynamics to identify hemodynamic factors that affect treatment outcome. with the coils. G and H . Wall shear stress contours. They reveal zones of low WSS at the apex of the aneurysm sac as the number of coils deployed increases in both intervention strategies.