Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-scale top-down proteomics of the Arabidopsis thaliana leaf and chloroplast proteomes

We present a large‐scale top‐down proteomics (TDP) study of plant leaf and chloroplast proteins, achieving the identification of over 4700 unique proteoforms. Using capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis of offline size‐exclusion chromatography fractions, we identify 3198 proteoforms for total leaf and 1836 proteoforms for chloroplast, with 1024 and 363 proteoforms having post‐translational modifications, respectively. The electrophoretic mobility prediction of capillary zone electrophoresis allowed us to validate post‐translational modifications that impact the charge state such as acetylation and phosphorylation. Identified modifications included Trp (di)oxidation events on six chloroplast proteins that may represent novel targets of singlet oxygen sensing. Furthermore, our TDP data provides direct experimental evidence of the N‐ and C‐terminal residues of numerous mature proteoforms from chloroplast, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and other sub‐cellular localizations. With this information, we suggest true transit peptide cleavage sites and correct sub‐cellular localization signal predictions. This large‐scale analysis illustrates the power of top‐down proteoform identification of post‐translational modifications and intact sequences that can benefit our understanding of both the structure and function of hundreds of plant proteins.
Statins and Mortality of Patients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

While TAVI is widely used, optimal medical therapy to reduce the mortality rate after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is still unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of statins on mortality following TAVI. Present systematic review of the literature was performed using Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science; all studies reported all-cause mortality in patients who underwent TAVI and received or did not receive statin therapy. Data were analyzed using random-effects models. Seventeen articles (21 380 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. Statin therapy was associated with a reduction of all-cause mortality (Hazard ratio [HR] = .78, 95% Confidence interval [CI] .68–.89, P < .001). Moderate between-study heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 45.2). High-intensity statin therapy was more effective than low or moderate intensity statin therapy in reduction of all-cause mortality (Risk ratio [RR] = .62, 95% CI 0.45–.85, P = .003, I2 = .0). Statin therapy could reduce the mid-term all-cause mortality rate following TAVI. However, all included studies were observational and, therefore, randomized controlled trials are still needed to assess the effect of statin therapy on mortality after TAVI.
Effects of a 6-wk Sprint Interval Training Protocol at Different Altitudes on Circulating Extracellular Vesicles

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to investigate the modulation of circulating exosome-like extracellular vesicles (ELVs) after 6 wk of sprint interval training (SIT) at sea level and at 2000, 3000, and 4000 m. Methods Thirty trained endurance male athletes (18–35 yr) participated in a 6-wk SIT program (30-s all-out sprint, 4-min 30-s recovery; 4–9 repetitions, 2 sessions per week) at sea level (n = 8), 2000 m (fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) 0.167, n = 8), 3000 m (Fio2 0.145, n = 7), or 4000 m (Fio2 0.13, n = 7). Venous blood samples were taken before and after the training period. Plasma ELVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography, counted by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and characterized according to international standards. Candidate ELV microRNAs (miRNAs) were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results When the three hypoxic groups were analyzed separately, only very minor differences could be detected in the levels of circulating particles, ELV markers, or miRNA. However, the levels of circulating particles increased (+262%) after training when the three hypoxic groups were pooled, and tended to increase at sea level (+65%), with no difference between these two groups. A trend to an increase was observed for the two ELV markers, TSG101 (+65%) and HSP60 (+441%), at sea level, but not in hypoxia. Training also seemed to decrease the abundance of miR-23a-3p and to increase the abundance of miR-21-5p in hypoxia but not at sea level. Conclusions A 6-wk SIT program tended to increase the basal levels of circulating ELVs when performed at sea level but not in hypoxia. In contrast, ELV miRNA cargo seemed to be modulated in hypoxic conditions only. Further research should explore the potential differences in the origin of ELVs between normoxic and local and systemic hypoxic conditions.
The Apple Watch for Monitoring Mental Health–Related Physiological Symptoms: Literature Review

Background An anticipated surge in mental health service demand related to COVID-19 has motivated the use of novel methods of care to meet demand, given workforce limitations. Digital health technologies in the form of self-tracking technology have been identified as a potential avenue, provided sufficient evidence exists to support their effectiveness in mental health contexts. Objective This literature review aims to identify current and potential physiological or physiologically related monitoring capabilities of the Apple Watch relevant to mental health monitoring and examine the accuracy and validation status of these measures and their implications for mental health treatment. Methods A literature review was conducted from June 2021 to July 2021 of both published and gray literature pertaining to the Apple Watch, mental health, and physiology. The literature review identified studies validating the sensor capabilities of the Apple Watch. Results A total of 5583 paper titles were identified, with 115 (2.06%) reviewed in full. Of these 115 papers, 19 (16.5%) were related to Apple Watch validation or comparison studies. Most studies showed that the Apple Watch could measure heart rate acceptably with increased errors in case of movement. Accurate energy expenditure measurements are difficult for most wearables, with the Apple Watch generally providing the best results compared with peers, despite overestimation. Heart rate variability measurements were found to have gaps in data but were able to detect mild mental stress. Activity monitoring with step counting showed good agreement, although wheelchair use was found to be prone to overestimation and poor performance on overground tasks. Atrial fibrillation detection showed mixed results, in part because of a high inconclusive result rate, but may be useful for ongoing monitoring. No studies recorded validation of the Sleep app feature; however, accelerometer-based sleep monitoring showed high accuracy and sensitivity in detecting sleep. Conclusions The results are encouraging regarding the application of the Apple Watch in mental health, particularly as heart rate variability is a key indicator of changes in both physical and emotional states. Particular benefits may be derived through avoidance of recall bias and collection of supporting ecological context data. However, a lack of methodologically robust and replicated evidence of user benefit, a supportive health economic analysis, and concerns about personal health information remain key factors that must be addressed to enable broader uptake.
Factors associated with U.S. adults’ willingness to allow teenagers to play tackle football

Little is known about the individual factors, such as knowledge and attitudes (i.e., football safety knowledge, football attitudes), related to adults’ willingness to allow adolescents to participate in tackle football. To address this gap, this study examined the extent to which football safety knowledge and attitudes toward head injury risk are associated with adults’ willingness to allow teenage boys to play high school tackle football. Data were obtained from an internet-based survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged 18 to 93 years (n = 1,018). We conducted multilevel linear regression modelling to examine independent effects of the football safety knowledge- and attitude-based predictors. Our analyses revealed that knowledge of football safety measures, along with four of the five attitude-based variables were significantly associated with adults’ willingness to allow teenagers to participate in tackle football, over and above demographic factors. This study provides the first nationally representative examination of willingness to allow tackle football participation while extending our understanding of the gap between policy, public perception, and behavior present in U.S. high school football. These results point to promising directions for stakeholders aiming to increase tackle football participation as an increased understanding of the factors associated with participation may help inform effective policymaking, intervention design, and parental decision making.
Prognostic factors and outcomes of infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), hypodiploid ALL, and mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) in Canada: a report from CYP-C

Abstract The epidemiology of infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), hypodiploid ALL, and mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) in Canada is unknown. The main objective was to describe the prevalence, prognostic factors, and outcomes of three rare and high-risk ALL subtypes in Canada. This is a retrospective study using the Cancer in Young People-Canada (CYP-C) database. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were described by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Among 2626 children aged 0–14 years diagnosed with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) between 2001 and 2018, 227 (8.6%) patients were identified to be infant ALL (n = 139), hypodiploid ALL (n = 43), or MPAL (n = 45). The 5-year EFS/OS was significantly worse in the infant ALL subgroup compared to that of hypodiploid ALL and MPAL. For the entire cohort, presenting White blood cells (WBCs) ≥50 × 109/L was independently associated with worse EFS/OS.
Cognition-enhancing effect of YL-IPA08, a potent ligand for the translocator protein (18 kDa) in the 5 × FAD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s pathology

Background: Intracerebral translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) mediates the transport of cholesterol from cytoplasm to mitochondria and activation of microglia. The change of TSPO and the dysfunction of microglia are closely related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of microglial TSPO and its selective ligand YL-IPA08 on the cognitive function of transgenic mice in 5 × familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) mouse model of AD. Methods: The TSPO knockout 5 × FAD transgenic mice were bred, and tested by Morris water maze. The effects of YL-IPA08 on cognitive abilities and expression of Aβ in 5 × FAD mice were also explored into. Results: The latency of escape by TSPO knockout 5 × FAD mice was significantly prolonged compared with the 5 × FAD group, indicating that the cognitive impairment of mice aggravated. With the attenuated phagocytic ability of microglia, the deposition of Aβ in prefrontal cortex of TSPO knockout 5 × FAD mice increased, and the expression of proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) were upregulated. In addition, YL-IPA08 significantly reduced the latency of escape by 5 × FAD mice, increased the number of times of crossing over the platform by mice, and inhibited the deposition of Aβ in the prefrontal cortex of 5 × FAD mice without affecting the cleavage of APP. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that TSPO knockout in 5 × FAD mice inhibited microglial phagocytosis, promoted Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation, and aggravated cognitive dysfunction in AD mice. YL-IPA08 had a significant cognition-enhancing effect in 5 × FAD transgenic mice, which might provide a new basis for potential drug candidates in AD treatment.
Age‐matched control or age‐specific template, which is essential for voxel‐wise analysis of cerebral metabolism abnormality in pediatric patients with epilepsy?

The aim of this study was to explore the influences of age‐matched control and/or age‐specific template on voxel‐wise analysis of brain 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET) data in pediatric epilepsy patients. We, retrospectively, included 538 pediatric (196 females; age range of 12 months to 18 years) and 35 adult subjects (18 females; age range of 20–50 years) without any cerebral pathology as pediatric and adult control group, respectively, as well as 109 pediatric patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (38 females; age range of 13 months to 18 years) as epilepsy group. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis for 18F‐FDG PET data of each epilepsy patients was performed in four types of procedures, by using age‐matched controls with age‐specific template, age‐matched controls with adult template, adult controls with age‐specific template or adult controls with adult template. The numbers of brain regions affected by artifacts among these four types of SPM analysis procedures were further compared. Any template being adopted, the artifacts were significantly less in SPM analysis procedures using age‐matched controls than those using adult controls in each age range (p < .001 in each comparison), except in the age range of 15–18 (p > .05 in each comparison). No significant difference was found in artifacts, when compared procedures using the identical control group with different templates (p = 1.000 in each comparison). In conclusion, the age stratification for age‐matched control should be divided as many layers as possible for the SPM analysis of brain 18F‐FDG PET images, especially in pediatric patients ≤14‐year‐old, while age‐specific template is not mandatory.
Should Cognitive Screening Tests Be Corrected for Age and Education? Insights From a Causal Perspective

Abstract Cognitive screening tests such as the Mini-Mental State Examination are widely used in clinical routine to predict cognitive impairment. The raw test scores are often corrected for age and education, although documented poorer discrimination performance of corrected scores has challenged this practice. Nonetheless, test correction persists, perhaps due to the seemingly counterintuitive nature of the underlying problem. We used a causal framework to inform the long-standing debate from a more intuitive angle. We illustrate and quantify the consequences of applying the age-education correction of cognitive tests on discrimination performance. In an effort to bridge theory and practical implementation, we computed differences in discrimination performance under plausible causal scenarios using Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS)-1 data. We show that when age and education are causal risk factors for cognitive impairment and independently also affect the test score, correcting test scores for age and education removes meaningful information, thereby diminishing discrimination performance.
Satellite observation to assess dengue risk due to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in a subtropical city of Argentina

Earth observation environmental features measured through remote sensing and models of vector mosquitoes species Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus provide an advancement with regards to dengue risk in urban environments of subtropical areas of Argentina. The authors aim to estimate the effect of landscape coverage and spectral indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI], Normalized Difference Water Index [NDWI] and Normalized Difference Built‐up Index [NDBI]) on the larvae abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Eldorado, Misiones, Argentina using remote satellite sensors. Larvae of these species were collected monthly (June 2016 to April 2018), in four environments: tire repair shops, cemeteries, dwellings and an urban natural park. The proportion of landscape coverage (water, urban areas, bare soil, low vegetation and high vegetation) was determined from the supervised classification of Sentinel‐2 images and spectral indices, calculated. The authors developed spatial models of both vector species by generalized linear mixed models. The model's results showed that Ae. aegypti larvae abundance was better modelled by NDVI minimum values, NDBI maximum values and the interaction between them. For Ae. albopictus proportion of bare soil, low vegetation and the interaction between both variables explained better the abundance.
Formation and computational implications of assemblies in neural circuits

In the brain, patterns of neural activity represent sensory information and store it in non‐random synaptic connectivity. A prominent theoretical hypothesis states that assemblies, groups of neurons that are strongly connected to each other, are the key computational units underlying perception and memory formation. Compatible with these hypothesised assemblies, experiments have revealed groups of neurons that display synchronous activity, either spontaneously or upon stimulus presentation, and exhibit behavioural relevance. While it remains unclear how assemblies form in the brain, theoretical work has vastly contributed to the understanding of various interacting mechanisms in this process. Here, we review the recent theoretical literature on assembly formation by categorising the involved mechanisms into four components: synaptic plasticity, symmetry breaking, competition and stability. We highlight different approaches and assumptions behind assembly formation and discuss recent ideas of assemblies as the key computational unit in the brain.
Prognostic factors and outcomes in minimal access resections of skull base and sinonasal epithelial malignancy

Sinonasal epithelial malignancies are uncommon tumours but represent a challenge to treatment given their close proximity to the orbit, brain and cranial nerves. Traditional external surgical approaches have potential for significant functional and cosmetic morbidity. An endoscopic approach provides the surgeon with good access for tumour removal and enables surveillance postoperatively. This study aimed to assess outcomes of an endoscopic approach to sinonasal epithelial malignancy and evaluate factors that may influence its utility.
Performance investigation of Ti x N x−1O2 MXene (x = 2, 3, 4) as anode materials for Na-ion batteries by first-principles calculation

The number of MXene layers plays a crucial role in their performance when they are used as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Herein, Ti-based nitride MXenes with different layers, Ti x N x−1O2 MXene (x = 2, 3, 4) structures, were constructed to calculate the structural stability of their precursor, electronic properties after etching, and sodium storage behavior compared with the common Ti2CO2 and Ti3C2O2 MXene. First-principles calculations indicate that nitride MXenes possess a better rate capability than carbide MXenes of the same thickness. Moreover, the barrier for Na diffusion on the Ti2NO2 MXene surface (0.114 eV) is lowest. Meanwhile, comparing the properties of three nitride MXenes with different thicknesses, Ti2NO2 MXene performs relatively well with a high theoretical capacity with 756 mAh g−1 and a lower open circuit voltage of 1.1 V. In conclusion, the performance improvement of nitride MXene is not linear with thickness, because that of Ti3N2O2 MXene is relatively weaker. This work lays the foundation for the feasibility of Ti3N2T x experimental preparation and provides corresponding evidence on the choice of MXene thickness. More attention should be paid to the etching method for Ti2NT x MXene.
Investigating forthcoming strategies to tackle deadly superbugs: current status and future vision

ABSTRACT Introduction Superbugs are microorganisms that cause disease and have increased resistance to the treatments typically used against infections. Recently, antibiotic resistance development has been more rapid than the pace at which antibiotics are manufactured, leading to refractory infections. Scientists are concerned that a particularly virulent and lethal ‘superbug’ will one day join the ranks of existing bacteria that cause incurable diseases, resulting in a global health disaster on the scale of the Black Death. Areas covered This study highlights the current developments in the management of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and recommends strategies for further regulating antibiotic-resistant microorganisms associated with the healthcare system. This review also addresses the origins, prevalence, and pathogenicity of superbugs, and the design of antibacterial against these growing multidrug-resistant organisms from a medical perspective. Expert opinion It is recommended that antimicrobial resistance should be addressed by limiting human-to-human transmission of resistant strains, lowering the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and developing novel antimicrobials. Using the risk-factor domains framework from this study would assure that not only clinical but also community and hospital-specific factors are covered, lowering the chance of confounders. Extensive subjective research is necessary to fully understand the underlying factors and uncover previously unexplored areas.
Role of pressure on electronic, magnetic and structural properties at iron’s Curie temperature: a DFT + DMFT study

We use the combination of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory to compute the Curie temperature of the iron body-centered cubic α phase and probe its pressure dependence. Our calculations reveal that TC shows a decrease which is very weak over a domain of pressures that is much larger than the stability domain of the α phase. This is consistent with the experimental results. We highlight the importance of the Hund’s coupling J not only on the electronic and magnetic properties but also on the structural properties. Lastly, we analyze the electronic and magnetic properties under pressure and discuss the evolution of magnetic moments in both phases in relation to the change of Curie temperature.
The Volatile Profiles and DNA Barcodes of Lauraceae Species from the Ocotea Complex with Occurrence in the Brazilian Amazon

The Ocotea complex accommodates most of the taxonomic diversity of Neotropical Lauraceae with economic importance and biological potential attributed to their essential oils (EOs) and extracts. However, the botanical taxonomy has had limitations due to the difficulty of identifying and delimiting species and genera. The chemical and molecular markers of Ocotea complex species in Pará state, Brazil, were assessed according to their EO compositions and DNA sequences of matK, trnL‐trnF, and ITS regions. The multivariate analysis of EOs constituents has classified them into two main clusters characterized by oils rich in (I) terpenoids and phenylpropanoids and (II) sesquiterpenes. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of species based on DNA barcode sequences on the Bayesian Inference (PP: 0.70–1,0) and Maximum Likelihood (BS: 72–100 %). The comparison between the volatile profiles and phylogenetic data indicates two main groups for these species collected from the Ocotea complex.