Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A case of pure apraxia of speech after left hemisphere stroke: behavioral findings and neural correlates

Introduction Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder impairing the coordination of complex articulatory movements needed to produce speech. AOS typically co-occurs with a non-fluent aphasia, or language disorder, making it challenging to determine the specific brain structures that cause AOS. Cases of pure AOS without aphasia are rare but offer the best window into the neural correlates that support articulatory planning. The goal of the current study was to explore patterns of apraxic speech errors and their underlying neural correlates in a case of pure AOS. Methods A 67-year-old right-handed man presented with severe AOS resulting from a fronto-insular lesion caused by an ischemic stroke. The participant’s speech and language were evaluated at 1-, 3- and 12-months post-onset. High resolution structural MRI, including diffusion weighted imaging, was acquired at 12 months post-onset. Results At the first assessment, the participant made minor errors on the Comprehensive Aphasia Test, demonstrating mild deficits in writing, auditory comprehension, and repetition. By the second assessment, he no longer had aphasia. On the Motor Speech Evaluation, the severity of his AOS was initially rated as 5 (out of 7) and improved to a score of 4 by the second visit, likely due to training by his SLP at the time to slow his speech. Structural MRI data showed a fronto-insular lesion encompassing the superior precentral gyrus of the insula and portions of the inferior and middle frontal gyri and precentral gyrus. Tractography derived from diffusion MRI showed partial damage to the frontal aslant tract and arcuate fasciculus along the white matter projections to the insula. Discussion This pure case of severe AOS without aphasia affords a unique window into the behavioral and neural mechanisms of this motor speech disorder. The current findings support previous observations that AOS and aphasia are dissociable and confirm a role for the precentral gyrus of the insula and BA44, as well as underlying white matter in supporting the coordination of complex articulatory movements. Additionally, other regions including the precentral gyrus, Broca’s area, and Area 55b are discussed regarding their potential role in successful speech production.
Evaluation of CMAQ Coupled With a State‐of‐the‐Art Mercury Chemical Mechanism (CMAQ‐newHg‐Br)

Most regional three‐dimensional chemical transport models neglect gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) oxidation by bromine (Br) radicals and Br chemistry. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality model with its default mercury module (CMAQ‐Hg) was modified by implementing a state‐of‐the‐art algorithm depicting Hg reactions coupled with Br chemistry (CMAQ‐newHg‐Br). Using CMAQ‐newHg‐Br with initial and boundary concentrations (ICs and BCs) from global model output, we conducted simulations for the northeastern United States over March–November 2010. Simulated GEM mixing ratios were predominantly influenced by BCs and hence reflected significant seasonal variation that was captured in the global model output as opposed to a lack of seasonal variation using CMAQ‐Hg's default constant BCs. Observed seasonal percentage changes (i.e., seasonal amplitude [=maximum – minimum] in percentage of the seasonal average) of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM) were 76% and 39%, respectively. CMAQ‐newHg‐Br significantly improved the simulated seasonal changes in GOM and PBM to 43% and 23%, respectively, from 18% and 16% using CMAQ‐Hg. CMAQ‐newHg‐Br reproduced observed Hg wet deposition with a remarkably low fractional bias (FB; 0.4%) as opposed to a −56% to 19% FB for CMAQ‐Hg simulations. Simulated Hg dry deposition using CMAQ‐newHg‐Br excluding the GEM + OH reaction agreed well with studies using inferential methods and litterfall/throughfall measurements, and the discrepancy varied over 13%–42%. This study demonstrated the promising capability of CMAQ‐newHg‐Br to reproduce observed concentrations and seasonal variations of GEM, GOM and PBM, and Hg wet and dry deposition fluxes.
Large‐Scale Atmospheric Transport in GEOS Replay Simulations

Offline chemical transport models (CTMs) have traditionally been used to perform studies of atmospheric chemistry in a fixed dynamical environment. An alternative to using CTMs is to constrain the flow in a general circulation model using winds from meteorological analyses. The Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) “replay” approach involves reading in analyzed fields every 6 h and recomputing the analysis increments, which are applied as a forcing to the meteorology at every model time step. Unlike in CTM, all of the subgrid‐scale processes are recalculated online so that they are consistent with the large‐scale analysis fields, similar in spirit to “nudged” simulations, in which the online meteorology is relaxed to the analysis. Here we compare the transport of idealized tracers in different replay simulations constrained with meteorological fields taken from The Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2). We show that there are substantial differences in their large‐scale stratospheric transport, depending on whether analysis fields or assimilated fields are used. Replay simulations constrained with the instantaneous analysis fields produce stratospheric mean age values that are up to 30% too young relative to observations; by comparison, simulations constrained with the time‐averaged assimilated fields produce more credible stratospheric transport. Our study indicates that care should be taken to correctly configure the model when the replay technique is used to simulate stratospheric composition.
Quantitative Experimental Analysis of Transparency and Stability in Haptic Interfaces

The notion of haptic transparency is used to quantify the fidelity with which virtual object properties are presented to, and perceived by, the human operator. Experimental results are presented quantifying the ability of humans to detect differences in mechanical impedances representing typical types of impedance corruption (loss of transparency) encountered in haptic interfaces due to stability-enhancing dynamic compensation. In particular, a poor connection is found between the stiffness of virtual walls and their perceptual “hardness”, prompting a new definition of hardness which is often dominated by the high frequency dynamics of the rendered impedance.
The impact of simulated mesoscale convective systems on global precipitation: A multiscale modeling study

The importance of precipitating mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) has been quantified from TRMM precipitation radar and microwave imager retrievals. MCSs generate more than 50% of the rainfall in most tropical regions. MCSs usually have horizontal scales of a few hundred kilometers (km); therefore, a large domain with several hundred km is required for realistic simulations of MCSs in cloud‐resolving models (CRMs). Almost all traditional global and climate models do not have adequate parameterizations to represent MCSs. Typical multiscale modeling frameworks (MMFs) may also lack the resolution (4 km grid spacing) and domain size (128 km) to realistically simulate MCSs. The impact of MCSs on precipitation is examined by conducting model simulations using the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE, a CRM) model and Goddard MMF that uses the GCEs as its embedded CRMs. Both models can realistically simulate MCSs with more grid points (i.e., 128 and 256) and higher resolutions (1 or 2 km) compared to those simulations with fewer grid points (i.e., 32 and 64) and low resolution (4 km). The modeling results also show the strengths of the Hadley circulations, mean zonal and regional vertical velocities, surface evaporation, and amount of surface rainfall are weaker or reduced in the Goddard MMF when using more CRM grid points and higher CRM resolution. In addition, the results indicate that large‐scale surface evaporation and wind feedback are key processes for determining the surface rainfall amount in the GMMF. A sensitivity test with reduced sea surface temperatures shows both reduced surface rainfall and evaporation.
The MILLET MISSION: The potential to combat non-communicable diseases and future research opportunities in India

NCD Burden and the role of nutritionChronic diseases, often known as non-communicable diseases (NCDs), pose a significant threat to worldwide public health. As per World Health Organisation (WHO), NCDs account for 74% of all fatalities worldwide, with cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, and diabetes being the leading causes. [1] Inadequate nutrition, including diets heavy in sugar, salt, saturated and trans fats, and deficient in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources, is a significant risk factor for NCDs. The World Health Organization suggests a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds and low in processed foods, sugar, saturated and trans fats. [2]
Chronotherapeutics for Solid Tumors

Circadian rhythms are internal manifestations of the 24-h solar day that allow for synchronization of biological and behavioral processes to the external solar day. This precise regulation of physiology and behavior improves adaptive function and survival. Chronotherapy takes advantage of circadian rhythms in physiological processes to optimize the timing of drug administration to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy and minimize negative side effects. Chronotherapy for cancer treatment was first demonstrated to be beneficial more than five decades ago and has favorable effects across diverse cancer types. However, implementation of chronotherapy in clinic remains limited. The present review examines the evidence for chronotherapeutic treatment for solid tumors. Specifically, studies examining chrono-chemotherapy, chrono-radiotherapy, and alternative chronotherapeutics (e.g., hormone therapy, TKIs, antiangiogenic therapy, immunotherapy) are discussed. In addition, we propose areas of needed research and identify challenges in the field that remain to be addressed.
BSANet: High-Performance 3D Medical Image Segmentation

As a challenge in the field of smart medicine, medical picture segmentation gives important decisions and is the basis for future diagnosis by doctors. In the past decade, FCN-based network topologies have made amazing progress in the field. However, the limited perceptual capacity of convolutional kernels in FCN network topologies limits the network’s ability to acquire a global field of view. We propose BSANet, a 3D medical image segmentation network based on self-focus and multi-scale information fusion with a high-performance feature extraction module. BSANet can help the network to extract deeper features by obtaining a larger range of perceptual capabilities by using its self-focus and multi-scale information aggregation pooling modules. Brain tumor segmentation dataset and multi-organ segmentation dataset are used to train and evaluate our model. BSANet produces excellent results with its high-performance feature extraction network with an attention module and multi-scale information fusion module.
Epidemiological Determinants of Depression among the Geriatric Population Residing in a Slum of Urban India: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Worldwide interest in geriatric depression has increased but studies to assess the depression among the elderly population in urban slums has hardly been done. So this study would shed light on the risk factors of depression among geriatrics in urban slums. Aim & Objective: To study the epidemiological determinants such as age, marital status, education, financial dependency, economic status and chronic illness in relation to of depression among the geriatric population (60–80 years). Settings and Design: Community-based, cross-sectional study for 24 months with a samplesize of 209. Methods & Material: Urban slum area represented by one health post was selectedas the study area which caters to around 96,630 slum residents. Pre-tested semi-structuredinterviews were conducted after selecting households by systematic random sampling. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. A chi-square test was applied. Result: The present study shows overall prevalence of depression among the elderly above 60 years of age to be 48.6%. Depression is found to been significantly associated with an increase in age, living alone (72.7%), lower class economic status (100%), financial dependency (54%), history of chronic family illness (54.7%) and with no formal education (62.1%) among elderly dwelling in slums. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of depression in the community and hence, a need to sensitize Primary level Health Care Services to institute screening tests considering the association of these determinants with depression and link them to specialized services for further management.
A Multiplex Interdependent Durations Model

We propose a multiplex interdependent durations model and study its empirical content. The model considers an empirical stopping game of multiple agents making optimal timing decisions with incomplete information. We characterize the unique Bayesian Nash equilibrium of the stopping game in a system of simultaneous equations involving the conditional distribution of each duration with a moderate strategic interaction condition. The system of nonlinear simultaneous equations allows us to obtain constructive identification results of the interaction effects and other nonparametric model primitives. We propose two consistent semiparametric estimation methods based on different parameterizations of modeling components with right-censored duration data.
High Cathelicidin Levels Are Associated With Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Introduction: Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a common chronic autoimmune thyroid disease. Many studies on autoimmune diseases have investigated human cathelicidin from the anti-microbial peptide family. This article aims to determine the level of cathelicidin in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and evaluate its relationship with thyroid functions. Material and Method: Eighty-eight subjects were included in the study. Gender, age, and BMI were similar between 48 HT patients and 40 healthy controls. Cathelicidin levels were studied in serum samples with an ELISA kit. Results: There were euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid HTs in the study. There was a significant difference between the controls and patients in terms of TSH (p<0.001), fT4 (p=0.001), anti-TPO (p=0.001), and anti-Tg (p=0.001). Median cathelicidin level was significantly higher in the HT group (853.53 pg/ml) than in the control group (577.08 pg/ml) (p<0.001). Cathelicidin levels were similar (p=0.555) in HT with euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroidism. There were no correlations between cathelicidin level and age, year of disease, BMI, TSH, fT4, fT3, anti-TG, and anti-TPO. Diagnosis of HT was approximately 5.6 times higher in patients with high cathelicidin values (p<0.001). The possible effect of cathelicidin on the development of HT was evaluated by univariate binary logistic regression analysis, and the diagnostic threshold for cathelicidin was found to be 714 pg/ml (sensitivity 71%, specificity 70%). Conclusion: Our study is the first to examine the relationship between HT and serum cathelicidin. High cathelicidin was associated with HT independent of thyroid hormone levels, a possible role in the pathogenesis of HT.
Impact of High-to-Moderate Penetrance Genes on Genetic Testing: Looking over Breast Cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Since the discovery of the highly penetrant susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, many other predisposition genes that confer a moderate risk of BC have been identified. Advances in multigene panel testing have allowed the simultaneous sequencing of BRCA1/2 with these genes in a cost-effective way. Germline DNA from 521 cases with BC fulfilling diagnostic criteria for hereditary BC were screened with multigene NGS testing. Pathogenic (PVs) and likely pathogenic (LPVs) variants in moderate penetrance genes were identified in 15 out of 521 patients (2.9%), including 2 missense, 7 non-sense, 1 indel, and 3 splice variants, as well as two different exon deletions, as follows: ATM (n = 4), CHEK2 (n = 5), PALB2 (n = 2), RAD51C (n = 1), and RAD51D (n = 3). Moreover, the segregation analysis of PVs and LPVs into first-degree relatives allowed the detection of CHEK2 variant carriers diagnosed with in situ melanoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), respectively. Extended testing beyond BRCA1/2 identified PVs and LPVs in a further 2.9% of BC patients. In conclusion, panel testing yields more accurate genetic information for appropriate counselling, risk management, and preventive options than assessing BRCA1/2 alone.
On the graph theorem for Lagrangian minimizing tori

We study the graph property for Lagrangian minimizing submanifolds of the geodesic flow of a Riemannian metric in the torus \begin{document}$ (T^{n},g) $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ n>2 $\end{document} . It is well known that the transitivity of the geodesic flow in a minimizing Lagrangian submanifold implies the graph property. We replace the transitivity by three kind of assumptions: (1) \begin{document}$ r $\end{document} -density of the set of recurrent orbits for some \begin{document}$ r>0 $\end{document} depending on \begin{document}$ g $\end{document} , (2) \begin{document}$ r $\end{document} -density of the limit set, (3) every point is nonwandering. Then we show that a Lagrangian, minimizing torus satisfying one of such assumptions is a graph.
Genomic and functional portrait of multidrug-resistant, hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing variants of Escherichia coli

Atypical Escherichia coli forms exhibit unusual characteristics compared to typical strains. The H2S-producing variants of some atypical E. coli strains cause a wide range of illnesses in humans and animals. However, there are sparse reports on such strains worldwide. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and detailed characterization of four H2S-producing E. coli variants from poultry and human clinical sources in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All four isolates were confirmed as E. coli using biochemical tests and genomic analysis, and were multidrug-resistant (MDR). WGS analysis including an additional Chinese strain, revealed diverse STs among the five H2S-producing E. coli genomes, with clonal complex ST10 being detected in 2 out of 5 genomes. The predominant phylogroup detected was group A (n = 4/5). The blaTEM1B (n = 5/5) was the most predominant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene, followed by different alleles of blaCTX-M (blaCTX-M -55,-65,-123; n = 3/5). Multiple plasmid replicons were detected, with IncX being the most common. One E. coli strain was classified as enteropathogenic E. coli. The genomes of all five isolates harbored five primary and four secondary function genes related to H2S production. These findings suggest the potential of these isolates to cause disease and spread antibiotic resistance. Therefore, such atypical E. coli forms should be included in differential diagnosis to understand the pathogenicity, antimicrobial resistance and evolution of H2S-producing E. coli.
Long-term benefit of immunotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: the tale of the tail

KEYNOTE-042 trial and review select randomized metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) trials with recently published long term survival outcomes. The incorporation of immunotherapy has transformed metastatic NSCLC outcomes tremendously. Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy regimens, which were the standard of care for decades in metastatic NSCLC, provide modest survival benefits with a median OS of around 12 months (5). With the advent of immunotherapy, median OS lengthened to 18–24 months when used in the first line setting ( Table 1 ). Initial phase 1 studies of nivolumab achieved an 18% of response rate in heavily pretreated metastatic NSCLC patients with durable responses in a fraction of patients lasting more than a year. This study also showed a positive correlation with PD-L1 expression and response rate (6). PD-L1 tumor proportion score
The Impact of Environmental Educational Programs in Promoting Insects Conservation Awareness: A Scoping Review

The decline of biodiversity and natural habitats, and the lack of progress in society's behaviour towards conservation, has prompted research into effective educational programs. Studies have shown that positive emotions towards nature, particularly in relation to the innate human predisposition towards the natural environment, can encourage environmentally friendly actions. As people's attitudes towards species are linked to familiarity and experiences, insects, and other invertebrates, despite their vital role in ecosystems, are often underappreciated and face inequalities in research and conservation. Negative attitudes towards insects are shaped by cultural and educational factors. Hence, education, particularly environmental education, can play a significant role in changing preconceptions and attitudes towards insects and fostering positive behaviour towards biodiversity conservation. This study presents a scoping review of environmental education programs focused on enhancing students' awareness of insects and their significance in the ecosystem (from 2000 to 2022). The aim was to analyse the effects of intervention programs and key characteristics that contributed to their efficiency. The review highlights the importance of program duration, outdoor experiences, and the use of inquiry-based and experiential learning methods in promoting positive attitudes and knowledge about insects. The findings have implications for the design and implementation of effective environmental education programs targeting insect awareness.
Analysis of the vehicle driving stability region based on the bifurcation of the driving torque and the steering angle

Integrated control systems for vehicle-handling stability are usually based on the steering bifurcation mechanism. The best integrated control performance is obtained by coordinating different control methods. However, in vehicle steering and driving conditions, the coupling characteristics of the longitudinal forces and the lateral forces of the tyres must lead to changes in the bifurcation characteristics. The corresponding vehicle dynamics stability region has to be redetermined. The corresponding integrated control method also needs to be adjusted. Therefore, in combination with the physical significance of the dynamics equilibrium point of the vehicle system, the definition of the driving stability region of the vehicle based on the characteristics of the driving torque and the steering angle bifurcation is proposed. With the concept presented above, the five-degree-of-freedom non-linear vehicle system model for the driving stability region of the vehicle was solved. The simulation results show that, according to the driving stability region of the vehicle, the vehicle dynamics stability with different driving torque inputs and different front-wheel steering-angle inputs can be accurately estimated. The study of the driving stability region of the vehicle is beneficial for engineering applications in non-linear automotive dynamics research. In addition, it provides the theoretical basis for integrated control of the vehicle-handling stability.
Investigation of parabolic reflector antennas as single- and multi-phase centre virtual antennas

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Preface 1 1.2 Literature Review 2 1.3 Structure of the Thesis 8 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND THEORY 10 2.