Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Colorectal Cancer Screening Disparities in U.S. Men and Women Using a Demographically Representative Sample

Timely receipt of colorectal cancer screening can reduce morbidity and mortality. This is the first known study to adopt Andersen's model of health services use to identify factors associated with colorectal cancer screening among U.S. adults. The data from National Health Interview Survey from 2019 was utilized to conduct the analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to separately analyze data from 7,503 age-eligible women and 6,486 age-eligible men. We found similar colorectal cancer screening levels among men (57.7%) and women (57.6%). Factors associated with higher screening odds in women were older age, married/cohabitating with a partner, Black race, >bachelor's degree, having a usual source of care, and personal cancer history. Factors associated with lower odds for women were American Indian/Alaska Native race, living in the United States for ≤10 years, ≤138% federal poverty level (FPL), uninsured or having Medicare, and in fair/poor health. For men, factors associated with higher screening odds were older age, homosexuality, married/cohabitating with a partner, Black race, >high school/general educational development education, having military insurance, having a usual source of care, and personal cancer history. Factors associated with lower odds for men were being a foreign-born U.S. resident, living in the South or Midwest, ≤138% FPL, and being uninsured or having other insurance. Despite lower screening rates in the past, Black adults show a significantly higher likelihood of colorectal cancer screening than White adults; yet, screening disparities remain in certain other groups. Colorectal cancer screening efforts should continue to target groups with lower screening rates to eliminate screening disparities. Significance: Timely receipt of colorectal cancer screening can reduce morbidity and mortality. Identification of populations and domains of factors associated with colorectal cancer screening receipt among men and women can help future interventions to alleviate impeding factors and target screening promotion efforts in populations not adherent with screening guidelines.
Effect of Caging on Cryptosporidium parvum Proliferation in Mice

Cryptosporidiosis is an enteric infection caused by several protozoan species in the genus Cryptosporidium (phylum Apicomplexa). Immunosuppressed mice are commonly used to model this infection. Surprisingly, for a pathogen like Cryptosporidium parvum, which is readily transmitted fecal-orally, mice housed in the same cage can develop vastly different levels of infection, ranging from undetectable to lethal. The motivation for this study was to investigate this phenomenon and assess the association between the severity of cryptosporidiosis and the fecal microbiota. To this aim, the association between severity of cryptosporidiosis and caging (group caged vs. individually caged) and between the microbiota taxonomy and the course of the infection was examined. In contrast to mice caged in groups of four, a majority of mice caged individually did not excrete a detectable level of oocysts. Microbiota α diversity in samples collected between three days prior to infection and one day post-infection was negatively correlated with the severity of cryptosporidiosis, suggesting a causal negative relationship between microbiota diversity and susceptibility to C. parvum.
General Biplane Theory

This report deals with the air forces on biplane cellule. The first part of the report deals with the two-dimensional problem neglecting viscosity. The variation of the section, chord, gap, stagger, and decalage are investigated, a great number of examples are calculated, and all numerical results are given in tables. For the biplane without stagger it is found that the loss of lift in consequence of the mutual influence of the two wing sections is only half as much if the lift is produced by the curvature of the section as it is when the lift is produced by the inclination of the chord to the direction of motion. The second part deals with the influence of the lateral dimensions. It is found that the loss of lift due to induction is almost unchanged, whether the biplane is staggered or not. In the third part conclusions from previous investigations are drawn, viscosity and experimental experience are brought in, and the method is simplified for practical application. Simple formulas give the drag, lift, and moment. In order to make use of the simple formulas more convenient, tables for the dynamical pressure, induced drag, and angle of attack are added so that practically no computation is needed for the application of the results.
Changes in the Distribution Preference of Soil Microbial Communities During Secondary Succession in a Temperate Mountain Forest

Soil microbes play a crucial role in a forest ecosystem. However, whether the distribution of bacteria and fungi in different forest succession stages is random or following ecological specialization remains to be further studied. In the present study, we characterized soil bacterial and fungal communities to determine their distribution preference, with different succession communities in a temperate mountain forest. The Kruskal–Wallis method was used to analyze structural differences between bacterial and fungal communities in different succession processes. The specificity of soil microbial distribution in a secondary forest was studied by network analysis. The torus-translation test was used to analyze the species distribution preference of soil microbes in different succession stages. Results showed that the species composition of soil bacteria and fungi differed significantly in different succession processes. The modularity index of fungi (0.227) was higher than that of bacteria (0.080). Fungi (54.47%) had specific preferences than bacteria (49.95%) with regard to forests in different succession stages. Our work suggests that the distribution pattern of most soil microbes in a temperate mountain forest was not random but specialized in temperate mountain forests. Different microbes showed different distribution preferences. Fungi were more sensitive than bacteria during secondary succession in a temperate mountain forest. In addition, microbe–environment relations varied during secondary succession. Our results provided new insight into the mechanism through which complex soil microbial communities responded to changes in forest community succession.
E-Portfolio as an Evaluative Tool for Emergency Virtual Education: Analysis of the Case of the University Andres Bello (Chile) During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The pandemic had serious implications for university education, specifically due to the transition from face-to-face teaching to online methodologies. This article analyzes the perception of students undergoing speech therapy from a Chilean University about the E-portfolio incorporation as an evaluative tool during the emergency virtual teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From quantitative research, a survey of 38 questions based on Likert scales was applied to 108 penultimate year undergraduate students. The survey demonstrated that there is an improvement in the methodology and teaching support, as well as in the creativity and professionalism of the students.
Potential for Biomethanisation of CO2 from Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes in the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) has a decarbonisation strategy that includes energy from both hydrogen and biomethane. The latter comes from the growing anaerobic digestion (AD) market, which in 2020 produced 23.3 TWh of energy in the form of biogas. According to the strategy, this must be upgraded to biomethane by removal of carbon dioxide (CO2): a goal that could also be fulfilled through CO2 biomethanisation, alleviating the need for carbon capture and storage. Results are presented from a survey of publicly available datasets coupled with modelling to identify potential scale and knowledge gaps. Literature data were used to estimate maximum biomethane concentrations by feedstock type: these ranged from 79% for food wastes to 93% for livestock manures. Data from various government sources were used to estimate the overall potential for CO2 biomethanisation with current AD infrastructure. Values for the uplift in biomethane production ranged from 57% to 61%, but the need for more consistent data collection methodologies was highlighted. On average, however, if CO2 biomethanisation was applied in all currently operating UK AD plants an energy production uplift of 12,954 GWh could be achieved based on 2020 figures. This is sufficient to justify the inclusion of CO2 biomethanisation in decarbonisation strategies, in the UK and worldwide.
The geometry of colour

This thesis explores the geometric description of animal colour vision. It examines the relationship of colour spaces to behavior and to physiology. I provide a derivation of, and explore the limits of, geometric spaces derived from the notion of risk and uncertainty aversion as well as the geometric objects that enumerate the variety of achievable colours. Using these principles I go on to explore evolutionary questions concerning colourfulness, such as aposematism, mimicry and the idea of aesthetic preference.
Contribution of genetic factors to high rates of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia on the Thailand-Myanmar border

Very high unconjugated bilirubin plasma concentrations in neonates (neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia; NH) may cause neurologic damage (kernicterus). Both increased red blood cell turn-over and immaturity of hepatic glucuronidation contribute to neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The incidence of NH requiring phototherapy during the first week of life on the Thailand-Myanmar border is high (approximately 25%). On the Thailand-Myanmar border we investigated the contribution of genetic risk factors to high bilirubin levels in the first month of life in 1596 neonates enrolled in a prospective observational birth cohort study. Lower gestational age (<38 weeks), mutations in the genes encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 were identified as the main independent risk factors for NH in the first week, and for prolonged jaundice in the first month of life. Population attributable risks (PAR%) were 61.7% for lower gestational age, 22.9% for hemi or homozygous and 9.9% for heterozygous G6PD deficiency respectively, and 6.3% for UGT1A1*6 homozygosity. In neonates with an estimated gestational age ≥ 38 weeks, G6PD mutations contributed PARs of 38.1% and 23.6% for “early” (≤ 48 hours) and “late” (49–168 hours) NH respectively. For late NH, the PAR for UGT1A1*6 homozygosity was 7.7%. Maternal excess weight was also a significant risk factor for “early” NH while maternal mutations on the beta-globin gene, prolonged rupture of membranes, large haematomas and neonatal sepsis were risk factors for “late” NH. For prolonged jaundice during the first month of life, G6PD mutations and UGT1A1*6 mutation, together with lower gestational age at birth and presence of haematoma were significant risk factors. In this population, genetic factors contribute considerably to the high risk of NH. Diagnostic tools to identify G6PD deficiency at birth would facilitate early recognition of high risk cases.
Variability of Spectral Estimates of Stress Drop Reconciled by Radiated Energy

A review of a collection of theoretical source spectral models revealed: (1) Despite the well-known variation in predicting static stress drop Δσs from the seismic moment and corner frequency, all models, especially the three conventional models, suggest that earthquakes radiate about half of the available strain energy into the surrounding medium. This similarity justifies a less model-dependent approach to estimate Δσs, though estimates for natural earthquakes rely on apparent seismic radiation efficiency (=2σa/Δσs; σa is apparent stress of an earthquake). (2) When one attempts to use Δσs and spectral models to make predictions, such as apparent stress σa, there is a model-dependent discrepancy between the σa inferred from theoretical energy partitioning and the σa predicted using spherical mean corner frequency. Their ratio cp varies significantly from 1.0 for the Brune (1970, 1971) model to 6.38 for the Madariaga (1976) model. If one uses spectral models to predict the ground motion, cp must be considered. (3) We infer that the constancy of the “stress parameter” (Δσ˜) found in engineering seismology (e.g., Boore, 1983; Atkinson and Beresnev, 1998) is similar to having constant apparent stress, σa (e.g., Ide and Beroza, 2001). The observation that Δσ˜ is generally larger than the average static stress drop Δσs for global M >5.5 shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions implies that these earthquakes radiate, on average, more seismic energy than predicted from the conventional dynamic crack models.
Nitrogen Losses and Enrichment of Soil and Sawdust Coverings during Composting of Poultry Manure

Aims: Composting poultry manure is an effective way of enhancing its nutrient content and reduce nutrient losses. There is the need to reduce gaseous nutrient losses during composting through the use of covering materials. Assess the level of chemical enrichment of soil and sawdust used as covering materials; and identify the most suitable medium that can best perform as a covering material during composting of poultry manure. Materials and Methods: Experiments were set up to examine the changes in the chemical properties of soil and sawdust used as covering material for composted poultry manure. Five treatments – no covering, layers of 2.8 kg soil, 5.6 kg soil, 0.9 kg sawdust, and black polythene sheet on 5.28 kg broiler and layer manure heaps with four replications were arranged in a completely randomized design. Samples were taken from the manure piles and the soil and sawdust covering materials for chemical analysis at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after composting. Results: The pH, N, P, K, Na and Ca, in both soil covers increased as time elapsed, whereas the Mg and C/N ratios of the soil coverings decreased with time. With regards to the broiler manure, however, the pH and the nutrient content of the two levels of soils used as cover increased at all the stages of composting. Composting of both poultry manures resulted in the improvement of the chemical properties of both sawdust and soil coverings. The enrichment ratio of N was greater in the 5.6 kg soil than the 2.8 kg soil covering. Additionally, the 5.6 kg soil covering was highly efficient (P = .05) in reducing N losses by 57 and 83.85% from the broiler and layer piles, respectively. In general, the 5.6 kg soil was the most effective covering material.
Mobilizing Stories of Illness in Digital Contexts: A Critical Approach to Narrative, Voice, and Visibility

Illness stories have been celebrated as a resource for giving patients voice from the active position of the wounded storyteller. The proliferating research on illness stories, however, has often reproduced a reductionist approach to narrative as a window to subjective views and experiences based on a largely underdeveloped and essentialized notion of voice. Critics of the over-celebration of narrative have called for caution toward the use of personal stories, pointing to the need to situate constructions of the narrative self in their social, cultural, and political contexts. This article discusses a new type of illness stories that has emerged in digital contexts and that is characterized by the use of illness for producing various forms of economic and social value. Using small stories and affective positioning as its analytic lens, the article examines the specific case of story design, curation, and sharing of the COVID-19 diagnosis of actor Idris Elba in March 2020. As the article argues, the illness experience is mobilized in small stories online as a resource for authenticating the self in line with conventional modes of sharing, blurring the lines between the personal voice and the public visibility of storytelling. The article contributes to the critical study of the mobilization of stories in digital contexts.
Stock Returns, Trading Volumes and Market Volatility: A Study on the Indian Stock Market

This paper aims at investigating the effect of stock returns on trading volume and the trading volume on volatility. To accomplish the study objective, daily data from 1 April 2014 to 30 June 2020 are used. The GLS model is employed to investigate the contemporaneous relationship between the stock returns and trading volume. The EGARCH (1, 1) model is used to explore the volume–volatility relationships, and the causal relationship of stock returns–trading volumes–volatility is attained through the Granger causality test. The study finds that the effect of stock returns on trading volume is asymmetric. It indicates that the negative price changes have a less considerable impact on trading volume than the non-negative price changes. The study also supports the mixture of the distribution hypothesis that postulated the volume–volatility relationship to be positive. The volatility persistence level remains high, even after the conditional volatility model incorporates trading volumes as an exogenous variable. Further, the analysis also reveals that stock return causes trading volume and not vice versa; however, trading volumes cause return volatility. JEL Codes: G10, G12, C22
Osteosarcoma Cell-Derived Exosomal ELFN1-AS1 Mediates Macrophage M2 Polarization via Sponging miR-138-5p and miR-1291 to Promote the Tumorgenesis of Osteosarcoma

Background Exosomes play an important role in cell-cell communication by transferring genetic materials such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies revealed that lncRNA ELFN1-AS1 could function as an oncogene in many human cancers. However, the role of extracellular lncRNA ELFN1-AS1 in cell-to-cell communication of osteosarcoma (OS) has not been fully investigated. Methods Functional studies, including CCK-8, EdU staining and transwell assay were performed to investigate the role of ELFN1-AS1 in the progression of OS. 143B via xenograft mouse model was established to assess the role of ELFN1-AS1 in vivo. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay were used to verify the existence of exosomal ELFN1-AS1. Results The level of ELFN1-AS1 was markedly upregulated in patients with advanced OS and in OS cells. In addition, overexpression of ELFN1-AS1 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells, while knockdown of ELFN1-AS1 exhibited the opposite effects. Meanwhile, ELFN1-AS1 could be transferred from OS cells to macrophages via exosomes. Exosomal ELFN1-AS1 from 143B cells was able to promote macrophage M2 polarization, and M2 macrophage in return facilitated OS progression. Mechanistically, overexpression of ELFN1-AS1 upregulated CREB1 level via sponging miR-138-5p and miR-1291 in macrophage via. Conclusion OS cell-derived exosomal ELFN1-AS1 was able to induce macrophage M2 polarization via sponging miR-138-5p and miR-1291, and M2 macrophage notably facilitated the progression of OS. These data suggested that ELFN1-AS1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Three Dimensional MHD Modeling of Mercury's Magnetosphere During ICMEs

NASA’sMESSENGERmission will enter its orbit about Mercury in 2011 and make observations of this magnetosphere during solar maximum when encounters with Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) are most likely. We use the BATS-R-US MHD model, modified to simulate Mercury’s magnetosphere, to investigate the response of this small magnetosphere to ICME conditions. Mercury is treated as a sphere with limited conductance, and the spherical simulation grid is set to have an inner boundary just above one RM . A control case is established consisting of typical quiet time solar wind conditions. The low Alfven Mach number regime is then systematically explored using series of steady state simulations in which the IMF Bz is steadily decreased. We find that Alfven wing formation takes place during extreme ICME conditions as predicted by earlier analytic calculations. Finally, we simulate Mercury’s interaction with a realistic ICME event whose values are chosen to be consistent with an event measured by Helios 1 on June 20, 1981 at 0.34 AU.
Popper's test of quantum mechanics and two-photon

A test on quantum mechanics proposed long ago by Karl Popper is reconsidered with further detail and new insight. An ambiguity in the proposal, which turns out to be essential in order to make the test conclusive, is identified and taken into account for the first time. Its implications for recently performed photon experiments [such as in D. V. Strekalov \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev.\ Lett. {\bf 74}, 3600 (1995)] are briefly analyzed.
Postpartum and Newborn Care - A Qualitative study

Community-based postpartum care of mothers and newborns is vital to achieve mortality reduction. This qualitative study explored cultural beliefs and practices regarding postpartum care of mothers and newborns in rural Karnataka. Focus group discussions with newly delivered mothers and their caregivers in a rural maternity hospital, and in-depth interviews with community level health workers revealed cessation of the practice of withholding colostrum and the barbaric practice of branding, but found persisting harmful cultural beliefs and practices like withholding nutritious foods considered “hot” or “cold”, inadequate postpartum ambulation, separating husband and wife for up to a year or more after the birth, application of various substances to the umbilical stump and eyes of the newborn and giving pre-lacteal feeds. Antenatal and postpartum mothers, their caregivers, including elders in the family should be targeted by community level health workers for counseling and behavior change.
Influence of a Pre-consolidation Treatment on the Desalination Effectiveness of a Highly Deteriorated Granite Façade of Medieval Age

ABSTRACT In this study, the pre-consolidation of the granite used in the north façade of St. Martin’s Cathedral in Ourense, of Romanesque style (S. XII–XIII), and its influence on the effectiveness of a subsequent desalination treatment using poultices of different composition is presented. The need for both treatments lay in the high degree of deterioration of the granite of the façade, which suffers an intense sand disaggregation associated with salt crystallization. The effectiveness and harmful effects of the pre-consolidation using a conventional TEOS (Estel 1000) and a nanoconsolidant based on silicon oligomers (UCAD-2o), initially under laboratory conditions and later on site, were evaluated. In situ desalination was performed applying different types of poultices chosen taking into account the pore distribution of the pre-treated granite. The obtained results, both in the laboratory and on-site, show that the pre-treatment of the deteriorated granite with UCAD-2o restores the necessary cohesion to the rock to be subsequently desalinated, increasing—compared to the other consolidant—the efficiency of desalination through the higher reduction in the granite’s pore volume with capillary access diameter. This research contributes new data to improve the most serious conservation problems that affect granitic monuments affected by soluble salts, when the intense sand disaggregation process complicates the desalination due to the risk of loss of surface material.