Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Upper secondary school students' difficulties with mathematical modelling

This article reports on a combined quantitative and in-depth qualitative study of 315 Danish upper secondary (grades 10–12) mathematics students’ answers to six modelling tasks that place emphasis on the early phases of the so-called modelling cycle. In order to focus attention on the extra-mathematical aspects of modelling, the technical mathematical requirements of the tasks designed were reduced as much as possible. The article analytically and empirically identifies the most significant ‘stumbling blocks’ in modelling with particular regard to the learning difficulties that the population considered experienced and displayed in getting started on relatively idealised mathematical modelling tasks. The results show that a significant number of students have difficulty in accepting or understanding modelling tasks that seem to breach the standard didactical contract in Danish upper secondary mathematics education, and that – more than acknowledged in previous research – pre-mathematisation is a significant stumbling block in modelling, which is also co-responsible for the better known fact that mathematisation, too, is a crucial stumbling block in mathematical modelling. The study further shows that insufficient or missing so-called implemented anticipation is a major factor in these difficulties. It is finally concluded that since there was no evidence of students having severe problems with the technical mathematical knowledge base (e.g. pure mathematical concepts and formulae) in dealing with the six tasks, the stumbling blocks reside in the fundamentals of subjecting extra-mathematical situations to mathematical modelling.
Mass transfer characteristics at cathode/electrolyte interface during electrodeposition of nickel microcolumns with various aspect ratios

The filling behavior of electrodeposited microcolumns is strongly influenced by the mass transfer characteristics at the cathode/electrolyte interface. This study aims to elucidate the influence of the mass transfer characteristics (ion supplementation via diffusion and ion consumption via deposition) on the electrodeposition of microcolumns, thus providing feasible solutions for improving void defects with different feature sizes. The results indicate that ion consumption plays an important role in the mass transfer within large-width microcavities (100 μm). For large-width microcolumns, longer electroforming times lead to higher ion consumption, resulting in nonuniform ion concentration distribution, and consequently uneven deposition rates along the microcavity wall. In microcavities with high aspect ratio (5:1), ion supplementation plays a major role. The low ion supplementation rate does not support a uniform deposition, resulting in a large void defect and a low filling ratio in the deposited microcolumns. Therefore, reducing the ion consumption rate by decreasing the current density from 1 A dm−2 to 0.25 A dm−2 can effectively increase the filling ratio in large-width microcolumns with no significant effect on high aspect ratio microcolumns. On the contrary, the pulse reverse current (forward pulse current density 1 A dm−2, reverse pulse current density 2 A dm−2, frequency 1 Hz, forward pulse duty cycle 0.9) can increase the filling ratio in the high aspect ratio microcolumns by accelerating ion supplementation through dissolution of the deposited layer. By further increasing the reverse pulse current density from 2 A dm−2 to 6 A dm−2, void defects can be completely eliminated and even void-free deposition of high aspect ratio microcolumns (5:1) can be achieved.
Structure–Activity Relationships of Cationic Lipidoids against Escherichia coli

Membrane-active molecules provide a promising strategy to target and kill pathogenic bacteria. Understanding how specific molecular features drive interactions with membrane components and subsequently cause disruption that leads to antimicrobial activity is a crucial step in designing next-generation treatments. Here, we test a library of lipid-like compounds (lipidoids) against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli to garner in-depth structure–activity relationships using antimicrobial assays. Modular lipidoid molecules were synthesized in high-throughput, such that we could analyze 104 compounds with variable combinations of hydrophobic tails and cationic headgroups. Antibacterial activity was strongly correlated to specific structural features, including tail hydrophobicity and headgroup charge density, and also to the overall molecular shape and propensity for self-assembly into curved liquid crystalline phases. Dye permeabilization assays showed that E. coli membranes were permeabilized by lipidoids, confirming their membrane-active nature. The reduced permeabilization, as compared to Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, alludes to the challenge of permeabilizing the additional outer membrane layer of E. coli. The effect of headgroup solubility in gemini-type lipidoids was also demonstrated, revealing that a headgroup with a more hydrophilic spacer between amine groups had enhanced activity against B. subtilis but not E. coli. This provides insight into features enabling outer membrane penetration and governing selectivity between bacterial species.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals zinc and copper ions homeostasis in epicardial adipose tissue of heart failure

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a unique visceral fat reservoir that shares an immune microenvironment without a distinct boundary with myocardium. Increasingly, visceral fat has been studied as a secondary immune organ, and EAT is no exception in this regard. Cellular subsets of EAT are associated with disease development. In heart failure (HF) patients, however, the immune characteristics of EAT have rarely been studied, especially those non-immune cells related to the immune microenvironment. Herein, an analysis of seven EAT samples by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is presented here, including 1 neonate, 1 infant, 1 child, 2 adults with heart failure (Adults-HF) and 2 adult heart transplant donors as non-heart failure control (Adults-Non HF). Analysis of 51730 high-quality cells revealed eleven major cell types in EAT. For the first time, the pseudo-temporal reconstruction technique was employed to plot the cell trajectories of various major cell types (such as T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes, and smooth muscle cells) in EAT across different developmental stages, achieving a single-cell resolution. The dynamic gene expression patterns of major cell types presented the immune characteristics of metabolism disorder of zinc and copper ions, and downregulated immune-related pathways in EAT of adult patients with HF. These data provide insights regarding HF immune dysregulation at the cellular level.
Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques des géomatériaux par technique de micro indentation

La technologie de micro indentation est un des moyens de caracterisation (a partir de petits echantillons) qui s'est impose ces derniers temps dans differents domaines (pharmaceutique, genie civil, industrie petroliere etc. ). Il repond a un certain nombre d'exigences en matiere de solution au probleme d'echantillonnage. Cette these est consacree a la caracterisation des proprietes mecanique des geomateriaux, et specialement pour les roches petrolieres comme l'argilite, le gres, la craie. Qui ont ete utilisees pour les differentes etudes experimentales menees au cours de la these. Apres avoir presente la methode de depouillement du test d'indentation pour un milieu isotrope, nous avons developpe une methode semi-analytique basee sur la fonction de Green pour caracteriser le milieu isotrope transverse en determinant les cinq parametres elastique de ce milieu. L'influence des differentes sollicitations (mecaniques, thermiques, hydriques) sur les proprietes mecaniques des roches a ete etudiee en utilisant la technologie de micro indentation avec la methode de depouillement isotrope transverse. Nous avons essaye de caracteriser les parametres de rupture (C et f) a l'aide du test d'indentation et d'un test de micro compression simple (MCS) effectue par la meme machine d'indentation. Par l'essai d'indentation et une methode d'analyse inverse, nous avons identifie les parametres d'une loi de comportement elastoplastique (Drucker Prager). En l'absence d'une solution directe du probleme d'indentation en regime plastique, nous avons eu recours a une modelisation numerique par un code de calcule element finis (ABAQUS) pour determiner la courbe d'indentation calculee. Cette determination s'est revelee tout a fait probante et a ete de plus validee par une simulation d'essais de compression triaxiale sur le meme materiau.
How is caring for grandchildren associated with grandparents’ health: the mediating effect of internet use

Objective Prior studies showed mixed results of the association between grandchild care and grandparents’ health. This research focused on the mechanisms behind the above link by studying how internet use served as a mediator through which grandchild care has impacted grandparents’ health. The study aimed to draw implications to improve health of grandparents who offer care to grandchildren. Methods Using a sample of 16,829 grandparents aged 50 through 80 from the 2018 wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the study relied on the KHB method to conduct the analysis. Grandparental health was measured by self-rated health (SRH), instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), life satisfaction and depression. Results Overall, grandchild care had a positive effect on grandparental health. Those who engaged in grandchild care were more likely to use internet. In addition, internet use mediated the ways in which grandchild care impacted grandparents’ health. Interne use generally promoted the positive influence of grandparental caregiving on grandparents’ health. Specifically, the mediating effects of watching videos and chatting through the internet were most pronounced among urban grandmothers. The mediating effects of watching news were most noticeable among both urban grandmothers and grandfathers. Conclusion Internet use served as a mediator in the association between grandchild child care and grandparental health. Promoting internet usage may be an effective way reducing the negative impact of grandchild care on grandparents’ mental health. It could also increase the positive effect of caregiving on grandparents’ SRH and functional independence. The study also underscored the importance of taking rural–urban context and gender role into consideration when studying intergenerational caregiving and Chinese grandparents’ health.
AvaliaÃÃo do Estoque de Caranguejo-uÃa, Ucides cordatus (LINNAEUS, 1763) na Zona Estuarina do Rio Pacoti, Estado do CearÃ

O caranguejo-uAA, Ucides cordatus, A o principal recurso pesqueiro estuarino explorado nas Areas de manguezal das regiAes Norte e Nordeste do Brasil tendo um grande valor sAcio-econAmico devido A geraAAo de emprego e renda que o mesmo promove para as comunidades ribeirinhas. A captura predatAria e alta taxa de mortalidade que os estoques regionais vAem sofrendo diminuem drasticamente as populaAAes de U. cordatus nos principais centros produtores. O estado do CearA hA muito tempo nAo possui um estoque que atenda a demanda local, e a manutenAAo do comArcio em Fortaleza sA A possAvel devido A importaAAo de caranguejo de grandes centros produtores, mais notadamente do PiauA e MaranhAo. Este trabalho apresenta informaAAes sobre a estrutura populacional e dinAmica reprodutiva do caranguejo-uAA que habita a regiAo estuarina do rio Pacoti no estado do CearA. Para a estrutura populacional observou-se que a maior concentraAAo de indivAduos encontrava-se nos intervalos de classes de comprimento de cefalotArax de 35,4 – | 38,4 mm e 42,1 – | 45,0 mm com os machos sendo mais compridos e mais largos que as fAmeas. As anAlises das relaAAes CC/LC de machos e fAmeas nAo mostraram diferenAas significativamente estatAsticas, tendo dessa forma sido comprovado que essa relaAAo nAo exibiu padrAes de dimorfometria sexual para essa espAcie. Os coeficientes angulares de crescimento alomAtrico (b) foram testados e exibiram uma taxa de crescimento alomAtrico negativo para ambos os sexos (b<1). Em relaAAo A determinaAAo do perAodo reprodutivo observou-se que o mesmo ocorre no perAodo compreendido entre dezembro e maio com maior intensidade em janeiro e com a presenAa de fAmeas ovAgeras a partir de 30,3 mm de comprimento de cefalotArax. O perAodo de muda teve sua ocorrAncia determinada nos meses de junho a dezembro com um mAximo e um mAnimo em julho e setembro para os machos, respectivamente, e com dois picos mAximos e um mAnimo em outubro e dezembro e em julho para as fAmeas, respectivamente. As anAlises da proporAAo sexual trimestral no estuArio do rio Pacoti (CE) revelaram haver predomAnio dos machos no 4Â trimestre de 2006 e no total de 2006, enquanto que as fAmeas prevaleceram no 1Â trimestre de 2007 e no total de 2007, assim como para todo o perAodo do estudo. A densidade mAdia de caranguejos-uAA foi estimada em 2,2 caranguejos/m2 com uma abundAncia de 3,16 x 106 caranguejos%%%%The mangrove crab Ucides cordatus is the main fishing resource explored in North and Northeast mangrove areas in Brazil. The mangrove crab capture provide the main income form many families living along the estuaries in these areas. The U. cordatus populations have suffered intense predatory capture, coupled with high mortality rates during transport and distribution. The demand for crabs in the city of Fortaleza are steadily increasing in the last three decades, and natural populations of crabs in CearA stateâs mangroves have diminished considerably, forcing the importation of crabs from other producing centers, such as PiauA and MaranhAo. This work presents…
The combined effects of growth and maturity status on injury risk in an elite football academy

This study aimed to explore the interaction between growth rate on specific injury incidence and burden on pre-, circa- and post-peak height velocity (PHV) periods. Injury and stature data collected during the 2000–2020 seasons in an elite football academy were retrospectively analysed. Only players with height measurements from childhood until the attainment of adult height were included in the study (N = 84). Growth data were smoothed using a cubic spline to calculate daily growth rate and height. Growth rate was categorised into three groups: fast (> 7.2 cm/year), moderate (3.5–7.2 cm/year) and slow (< 3.5 cm/year). Percentage of observed adult height was used to classify players as pre-PHV (< 88%), circa-PHV (88–95%) or post-PHV (> 95%). Overall and specific injury incidence and burden and rate ratios for comparisons between growth rate groups were calculated on pre-, circa- and post-PHV periods, separately. Overall injury incidence and burden were greater in pre-PHV players with quicker growth rates compared to players growing moderately and slowly. All in all, players with more rapid growth-rates were at higher risk for growth-related injuries in all pre-, circa- and post-PHV periods. Post-PHV, the incidence and burden of joint/ligament injuries were 2.4 and 2.6-times greater in players growing slowly compared to players growing moderately. Practitioners should monitor growth rate and maturity status and consider their interaction to facilitate the design of targeted injury risk reduction strategies.
Episodic recruitment and climate analysis of ponderosa pine on the Palmer Divide, eastern Colorado

Previous recruitment studies on populations of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) in Colorado have been limited to the western mountains and the Front Range. In this research I used tree-ring data to reconstruct recruitment for ponderosa pine near the eastern limits of its distribution at two sites on the Palmer Divide, Eastern Colorado, to determine the relative climate sensitivity of the two sites, and the extent to which climate or other factors may have influenced recruitment at the sites. The results of the tree-ring analysis suggest that ponderosa pines in more the easterly site lower elevation population are more sensitive to climatic factors than are in the more westerly site. Both higher elevation populations showed a history of episodic recruitment that only partially reflects local climatic conditions. Climate is probably the most important factor in recruitment pulses, but only if there is opportunity within the stand for recruitment. Although favorable climate patterns were present at both sites at the same time, the opportunity for recruitment within each stand was different at separate times. While climate conditions must be favorable for seedling establishment and growth, conditions of stability and competition within the stand dictate the ultimate recruitment success.
The heritage industry: Britain in a climate of decline

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How Attachment Influences Users' Decisions in Mobile Social Commerce Context From a Socio-Technical Systems Perspective

Drivers of social commerce usage have been the focus of scholars, but mobile social commerce is currently a sparsely researched area and therefore worth considering. Drawing on the socio-technical systems perspective and attachment theory, this article aims to examine the effect of social and technical enablers on user attachment and whether attachment influences users' shopping and sharing intentions. Results of an empirical study (N=305 active Pinduoduo users) indicate that emotional attachment directly impacts users' intentions, while functional attachment does so indirectly through emotional attachment. Besides, social and technical factors impact emotional and functional attachment, respectively. The study provides further insights about the impact of social and technical factors on attachment and attachment on MSC intention, and contributes to MSC research and practice by developing and validating the role of MSC platforms attributes in forming users' s-commerce behavioral outcomes.
Processus dynamos dans les étoiles entièrement convectives

Dans les etoiles de type solaire la generation de champ magnetique par effet dynamo se concentre dans la tachocline, une fine zone de fort cisaillement a l'interface entre le cœur radiatif et l'enveloppe convective. En dessous de 0.35 masse solaire, les etoiles de la sequence principale sont entierement convectives et ne possedent donc pas de tachocline. Or certaines de ces etoiles sont tres actives, et des champs magnetiques tres intenses ont ete mesures. La dynamo de ces objets doit donc reposer sur des processus physiques differents de ceux a l'œuvre dans le Soleil. En depit des avancees theoriques recentes, la dynamo des etoiles entierement convective reste mal comprise. La partie observationnelle de ce travail a consiste en l'etude d'un echantillon d'etoiles situees de part et d'autre de la limite entierement convective a partir d'observations spectropolarimetriques et de la technique d'imagerie Zeeman-Doppler. Cela a permis d'analyser comment les parametres stellaires, periode de rotation et masse, influent sur le champ magnetique a grande echelle. Un changement brutal de topologie magnetique des naines M est mis en evidence a proximite de la limite entierement convective. Un comportement inattendu est egalement detecte en dessous de 0.2 masse solaire : des etoiles de parametres stellaires quasi-identiques presentent des topologies magnetiques radicalement differentes. Ce travail observationnel est double d'une approche numerique : des simulations MHD 3D «star-in-a-box» visent a mieux comprendre les divergences qui existent entre les premieres simulations et les observations.
Hemoglobin Levels, Anemia, and Their Associations with Body Mass Index among Pregnant Women in Hail Maternity Hospital, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

The level of association between hemoglobin level/anemia and obesity during pregnancy is not yet fully understood. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hail Maternity Hospital in northern Saudi Arabia from March to May 2023 to assess the associations between hemoglobin levels, anemia, and obesity among pregnant women. Reproductive history was gathered through a questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated/computed from the women’s weight and height. Linear and binary regression analyses were performed. A total of 334 pregnant women were enrolled. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age and parity were 33.2 (27.4–37.8) years and 3 (1–5), respectively. Of the 334 women, 52 (15.6%) were normal weight, while 87 (26.0%) were overweight and 195 (58.4%) were obese. In the multiple linear regression, parity (coefficient = −0.121, p = 0.001) and BMI (coefficient = 0.030, p = 0.006) were negatively associated with the hemoglobin level. Ninety-nine (26.9%) women had anemia. In the multivariate analysis, primiparity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30–0.97), increasing BMI (AOR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.89–0.97), and obesity (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.16–0.61) were associated with decreased ORs of anemia. Increasing parity was associated with increased ORs of anemia (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05–1.32). Being overweight was not associated with anemia (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.27–1.16). In the current study, a high hemoglobin level and lower prevalence of anemia were observed among obese pregnant women.