Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Significance of Anaerobic Coverage in the Antibiotic Treatment of Aspiration Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Aspiration pneumonia is increasingly recognised as a common condition. While antibiotics covering anaerobes are thought to be necessary based on old studies reporting anaerobes as causative organisms, recent studies suggest that it may not necessarily benefit prognosis, or even be harmful. Clinical practice should be based on current data reflecting the shift in causative bacteria. The aim of this review was to investigate whether anaerobic coverage is recommended in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing antibiotics with and without anaerobic coverage in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia was performed. The main outcome studied was mortality. Additional outcomes were resolution of pneumonia, development of resistant bacteria, length of stay, recurrence, and adverse effects. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Results: From an initial 2523 publications, one randomised control trial and two observational studies were selected. The studies did not show a clear benefit of anaerobic coverage. Upon meta-analysis, there was no benefit of anaerobic coverage in improving mortality (Odds ratio 1.23, 95% CI 0.67–2.25). Studies reporting resolution of pneumonia, length of hospital stay, recurrence of pneumonia, and adverse effects showed no benefit of anaerobic coverage. The development of resistant bacteria was not discussed in these studies. Conclusion: In the current review, there are insufficient data to assess the necessity of anaerobic coverage in the antibiotic treatment of aspiration pneumonia. Further studies are needed to determine which cases require anaerobic coverage, if any.
Using the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Index to Determine the Caries Incidence in Primary and Permanent Molars Among School Children of Kolkata: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Caries in their early stages cannot be properly classified using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index because it does not record precavitated lesions. Thus, the caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST) index is a good alternative as it is equipped to record the whole range of dental illnesses and count restored teeth as healthy ones. Materials and methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study included 300 children who were seven-to-eight years of age. We used the CAST index to assess the extent of caries in the deciduous and permanent molars of these children. For this, all the permanent and baby teeth, the primary and secondary permanent molars, as well as the first and second deciduous molars were examined to determine the prevalence of each carious stage. The correlation of the distribution of the CAST codes between the first and second molars, the second and first molars, the right and left sides of the dental bend, and the opposing jaws was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, while the cut-off for statistical significance was a p-value of 0.05. The quantitative analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Experiences Version 20 for Windows. Results: By comparing CAST codes in the right and left molars, we were able to observe how the development of caries in paired teeth might affect one another. The rank correlation value was found to be less than 0.5 only in the primary second molars (55/65 and 85/75), which were found exclusively in the deciduous first molars. Moreover, the r values for the neighboring deciduous and permanent molars were found to be below 0.3, i.e., 65/64 (0.497), 74/75 (0.327), and 84/85 (0.411), which indicated a weak connection between them. When comparing the teeth in different jaws, we found reasonable correlations (r = 0.33-0.49), with only 64/74 outliers (0.501). Conclusions: We found that, in the examined population, there was a well-established correlation between the stages of caries development in the deciduous molars on the left side of the mouth.
An Improved YOLOv5 Network for Detection of Printed Circuit Board Defects

With the rapid development of China’s printed circuit board industry, bare-board defect detection has high research and application values as an important factor in improving production quality. In this paper, a new detection method based on YOLOv5 is proposed to solve the balance problem of efficiency and performance in the task of circuit board defect detection. First, the k -means++ method is used to improve the location matching of the prior anchor boxes. Second, the Focal-EIOU loss function is used instead of GIOU to address the former’s degeneration issue. Finally, the ECA-Net module is added to enhance the sensitivity of the model to channel features. Experiments were conducted on a public defect dataset, and superior performance was achieved. The proposed method achieves 99.1% mean average precision at 86 frames per second. Compared with other advanced methods, the proposed method achieves the highest mean average precision value, and the detection speed allows real-time applications.
Genetic Association between the Levels of Plasma Lipids and the Risk of Aortic Aneurysm and Aortic Dissection: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Although a growing number of studies have attempted to uncover the relationship between plasma lipids and the risk of aortic aneurysm (AA), it remains controversial. Meanwhile, the relationship between plasma lipids and the risk of aortic dissection (AD) has not been reported on. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the potential relationship between genetically predicted plasma levels of lipids and the risk of AA and AD. Summary data on the relationship between genetic variants and plasma lipids were obtained from the UK Biobank and Global Lipids Genetics Consortium studies, and data on the association between genetic variants and AA or AD were taken from the FinnGen consortium study. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and four other MR analysis methods were used to evaluate effect estimates. Results showed that genetically predicted plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, or triglycerides were positively correlated with the risk of AA, and plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were negatively correlated with the risk of AA. However, no causal relationship was found between elevated lipid levels and the risk of AD. Our study revealed a causal relationship between plasma lipids and the risk of AA, while plasma lipids had no effect on the risk of AD.
Nonautonomous Breather and Rogue Wave in Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensates with Space-Time Modulated Potentials

To study controlled evolution of nonautonomous matter-wave breathers and rogue waves in spinor Bose–Einstein condensates with spatiotemporal modulation, we focus on a system of three coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations with spacetime-dependent external potentials and temporally modulated gain-loss distributions. With different external potentials and gain-loss distributions, various solutions for controlled nonautonomous matter-wave breathers and rogue waves are derived by the Darboux transformation method, such as breathers and rogue waves on arched and constant backgrounds which have the periodic and parabolic trajectories. Effects of the gain-loss distribution and linear potential on the breathers and rogue waves are studied. Nonautonomous two-breathers on the arched and constant backgrounds are also derived.
Unsupervised local defect segmentation in textures using Gabor filters: application to industrial inspection

Surface defect detection is an important task of industrial inspection that has traditionally relied on trained human vision. Automated and objective inspection methods based on image analysis have played a decisive role in the industrial progress of the last decades. We propose a new unsupervised novelty detection method for defect segmentation in textures. It uses a multiresolution Gabor filter scheme and shows the following properties: no need of any defect-free references or a training stage; any adjustable parameters, and applicability to both random and periodic textures. We apply the odd part of Gabor filters to the sample image, analyze the details obtained at different scales and orientations, and extract a number of background texture features from the sample under inspection. In the analysis, we assume that the wavelet coefficients of pixels can be suitably fitted by Gaussian mixtures, more specifically, by combining two normal distributions. One of them would correspond to the background texture whereas the other would account for the defective area. Since all the information is obtained from the sample image itself, the threshold selection is robust against possible sample to sample fluctuations such as heterogeneities in the material, inplane positioning errors, scale variations and lack of homogeneous illumination. The efficacy of the statistical analysis is demonstrated. The method is applied to a variety of samples that exhibit either periodic or random texture. A comparison with other unsupervised method designed for defect segmentation in periodic textures is done.
Compact Lie Groups and Their Representations

Part I. Introduction: Topological groups. Lie groups Linear groups Fundamental problems of representation theory Part II. Elementary theory: Compact Lie groups. Global theorem The infinitesimal method in representation theory Analytic continuation Irreducible representations of the group $\mathrm {U}(n)$ Tensors and Young diagrams Casimir operators Indicator systems and the Gelfand-Cetlin basis Characters Tensor product of two irreducible representations of $\mathrm {U}(n)$ Part III. General theory: Basic types of Lie algebras and Lie groups Classification of compact and reductive Lie algebras Compact Lie groups in the large Description of irreducible finite-dimensonal representations Infinitesimal theory (characters, weights, Casimir operators) Some problems of spectral analysis for finite-dimensional representations Appendix I. On infinite-dimensional representations of semisimple complex Lie groups Appendix II. Elements of the general theory of unitary representations of locally compact groups Appexdix III. Unitary symmetry in the class of elementary particles References Subject index.
Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Brazilian Green Propolis Using Ultrasound-Assisted Associated with Low- and High-Pressure Extraction Methods

The demand for bee products has been growing, especially regarding their application in complementary medicine. Apis mellifera bees using Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae) as substrate produce green propolis. Among the examples of bioactivity of this matrix are antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral actions. This work aimed to verify the impact of the experimental conditions applied in low- and high-pressure extractions of green propolis, using sonication (60 kHz) as pretreatment to determine the antioxidant profile in the extracts. Total flavonoid content (18.82 ± 1.15–50.47 ± 0.77 mgQE·g−1), total phenolic compounds (194.12 ± 3.40–439.05 ± 0.90 mgGAE·g−1) and antioxidant capacity by DPPH (33.86 ± 1.99–201.29 ± 0.31 µg·mL−1) of the twelve green propolis extracts were determined. By means of HPLC-DAD, it was possible to quantify nine of the fifteen compounds analyzed. The results highlighted formononetin (4.76 ± 0.16–14.80 ± 0.02 mg·g−1) and p-coumaric acid (<LQ—14.33 ± 0.01 mg·g−1) as majority compounds in the extracts. Based on the principal component analysis, it was possible to conclude that higher temperatures favored the release of antioxidant compounds; in contrast, they decreased the flavonoid content. Thus, the obtained results showed that samples pretreated with 50 °C associated with ultrasound displayed a better performance, which may support the elucidation of the use of these conditions.
The revised Mg-2 index as a metallicity indicator for stellar systems : Giant elliptical galaxies and bulges

We provide a new calibration of the metallicity dependence of the Mg-2 index in stellar systems. It is based on new isochrones by the Padova group and the latest stellar spectral libraries. Since the Mg-2 line is one of the strongest absorption lines in the optical spectrum, it is often used to determine metallicities of composite stellar systems assuming a certain age. This paper allows one to do this, with an uncertainty of about 0.1 in log Z, for an age range between 8 and 17 Gyr. We estimate that the uncertainties of the current Mg, calibrations in the literature amount to another 0.15 in log Z. Using our calibration we find, under conservative assumptions, that the large majority of elliptical galaxies, and also many bulges of spiral galaxies, must have Mg abundances larger than solar; this conclusion depends very little on their star formation history. If [Mg/Fe] = 0, the same can be said for total metallicities. If we assume that [Mg/Fe] = 0.45, only about 38% of the ellipticals must have metallicities (Z) larger than solar.
Steady water waves with vorticity: an analysis of the dispersion equation

Abstract Two-dimensional steady gravity waves with vorticity are considered on water of finite depth. The dispersion equation is analysed for general vorticity distributions, but under assumptions valid only for unidirectional shear flows. It is shown that for these flows (i) the general dispersion equation is equivalent to the Sturm–Liouville problem considered by Constantin & Strauss (Commun. Pure Appl. Math., vol. 57, 2004, pp. 481–527; Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., vol. 202, 2011, pp. 133–175), (ii) the condition guaranteeing bifurcation of Stokes waves with constant wavelength is fulfilled. Moreover, a necessary and sufficient condition that the Sturm–Liouville problem mentioned in (i) has an eigenvalue is obtained.
Changes in Tryptophan Metabolism on Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(1) Background: L-tryptophan is a substrate for the synthesis of many biological compounds through the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. These compounds have a significant influence on gastrointestinal functions and mental processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the urinary excretion of selected tryptophan metabolites in patients with constipation-predominant and diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C and IBS-D, respectively), related to somatic and mental symptoms. (2) Methods: 120 people were included in the study and three groups were distinguished, with 40 individuals each, including healthy subjects (controls), patients with IBS-C and patients with IBS-D. The Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS-IBS) was used to assess the severity of abdominal symptoms. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were used to evaluate the mental state of patients. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), L-tryptophan and the following metabolites in urine, related to the creatinine level, were measured: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QA). (3) Results: In both groups of patients with IBS, changes in tryptophan metabolism were found as compared to the control group. We observed an increase in the activity of the serotonin pathway and a positive correlation between the 5-HIAA level and the GSRS score (p < 0.01) and HAM-A score (p < 0.001) in IBS-D patients. The IBS-C group was characterized by a higher concentration of kynurenines (KYN, QA) in urine. Moreover, the QA (p < 0.001) and KYNA (p < 0.05) levels were correlated with the HAM-D score among IBS-C patients. (4) Conclusions: Various changes in the tryptophan metabolism pathway can determine the differences in the clinical picture of irritable bowel syndrome. These results should be included in the nutritional and pharmacological treatment of this syndrome.
TEMPERATURE HISTORY AND DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF (101955) 1999 RQ 36: A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR SAMPLE RETURN FROM A PRIMITIVE ASTEROID

It has been recently shown that near-Earth objects (NEOs) have a temperature history—due to the radiative heating by the Sun—non-trivially correlated to their present orbits. This is because the perihelion distance of NEOs varies as a consequence of dynamical mechanisms, such as resonances and close encounters with planets. Thus, it is worth investigating the temperature history of NEOs that are potential targets of space missions devoted to return samples of prebiotic organic compounds. Some of these compounds, expected to be found on NEOs of primitive composition, break up at moderate temperatures, e.g., 300–670 K. Using a model of the orbital evolution of NEOs and thermal models, we studied the temperature history of (101955) 1999 RQ36 (the primary target of the mission OSIRIS-REx, proposed in the program New Frontiers of NASA). Assuming that the same material always lies on the surface (i.e., there is no regolith turnover), our results suggest that the temperatures reached during its past evolution affected the stability of some organic compounds at the surface (e.g., there is 50% probability that the surface of 1999 RQ36 was heated at temperatures ⩾500 K). However, the temperature drops rapidly with depth: the regolith at a depth of 3–5 cm, which is not considered difficult to reach with the current designs of sampling devices, has experienced temperatures about 100 K below those at the surface. This is sufficient to protect some subsurface organics from thermal breakup.
Scattering of Irregular Waves by Vertical Cylinders

An analytical model has been developed that can predict the scattering of irregular waves normally incident upon an array of vertical cylinders. To examine the predictability of the developed model, laboratory experiments have been made for the reflection and transmission of irregular waves from arrays of circular cylinders with various diameters and gap widths. Though the overall agreement between measurement and calculation is fairly good, the model tends to over- and under-predict the reflection and transmission coefficients, respectively, as the gap width decreases. The model also underestimates the energy loss coefficients for small gap widths because it neglects the evanescent waves near the cylinders. The peaks of the measured spectra of the reflected and transmitted waves slightly shift towards higher frequencies compared with that of the incident wave spectrum probably because of the generation of shorter period waves due to the interference of the cylinders. Both model and experimental data show that the wave reflection and transmission become larger and smaller, respectively, as the wave steepness increases, which is a desirable feature of the cylinder breakwaters.
One-Dimensional Modeling of Thermally Choked Ram Accelerator Based on CFD Simulations

In order to improve one-dimensional unsteady modeling of ram accelerator thrust performance, computational fluid dynamics solutions of Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes equations have been used to investigate the reacting flow field of a projectile accelerated in the sub-detonative velocity regime. Both shearstress transport turbulence and eddy dissipation combustion models were used, including a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism with six species and five-step reactions. Simulations for a series of incoming Mach numbers were performed to estimate the length within which the combustion reactions were completed. This in-depth calculation of the flow field allowed implementing the unsteady 1D modeling with an accurate Mach number dependent heat release zone length. A significantly better agreement of the predicted thrust-Mach number behavior with experimental data was observed.
Gearbox fault diagnosis based on frequency-domain Gramian angular difference field and deep convolutional neural network

Gearbox fault diagnosis is of great significance to avoid accidents and reduce operation and maintenance costs for machinery such as the quayside container crane. In recent years, mechanical fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have developed rapidly. How to perform diagnosis simply based on deep learning in the case of limited labeled samples is still a challenging problem. To address this issue, this paper proposes a new fault diagnosis method combining the frequency-domain Gramian angular difference field (FDGADF) and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), namely, FDGADF-DCNN. To explore the availability of the FDGADF-DCNN method, two experiment datasets are studied. When the proportion of labeled samples is 70%, the recognition accuracy of both datasets exceeds 98%. When only 20% of the labeled samples are available (the average number of training samples in each category is only dozens), FDGADF-DCNN can achieve a recognition accuracy of no less than 95% in two datasets, in which a benchmark dataset is 100% and the dataset collected from a scaled-down test bench is 95%. Compared with other 11 methods, the FDGADF-DCNN method achieves the highest recognition accuracy. These results indicate that the FDGADF-DCNN method is expected to be used for gearbox fault diagnosis under limited labeled samples.
Stability of viscous scalar shock fronts in several dimensions

We prove nonlinear stability of planar shock front solutions for viscous scalar conservation laws in two or more space dimensions. The proof uses the "integrated equation" and an effective equation for the motion of the front itself. We derive energy estimates that balance terms from the integrated equation with terms from the front motion equation. In this paper we prove that viscous shock profiles for scalar conservation laws are stable in two or more space dimensions. These multidimensional stability questions are separate from their one dimensional analogues because of the possibility of transverse instabilities such as those that occur in combustion fronts (Lu) and in shock waves with phase changes. The proof here is a rigorous version of arguments that are used to derive effective equations (such as the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation) to describe the behavior of fronts. The one dimensional stability for scalar conservation laws was proven by II ' in and Oleinik (IO) using the "integrated equation" (see below) and a max- imum principle. Another proof, based on weighted norms and spectral theory for the linearized problem, was given by Sattinger (S). The multidimensional stability proof below has more in common with the stability proofs for systems of conservation laws in one space dimension begun by Kawashima and Mat- sumura (KM) and Goodman (Go) and completed by Liu (Li). These proofs use L2 energy estimates for the integrated equation. We consider equations of the form (! ) ut + f(u)x + g(u)y=:uxx + uyy, where f(u) is a strictly convex function of u :