Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why is the Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific so Distinct in 2016 and 1998 Following Super El Niño Events

Although both the tropical cyclone (TC) peak seasons in 2016 and 1998 are in the decaying stage of a super El Niño, TC activities over the western North Pacific (WNP) exhibit vast differences. The TCs in 2016 were greater in number and intensity and had distinct monthly variations in TC activity in contrast to those in 1998. The detailed comparison shows that the warm sea surface temperature anomaly over the WNP in 2016 had higher magnitude and a more eastward extension than that in 1998. In August, coincident with the enhanced Madden– Julian oscillation westerly phase, more TCs clustered within the eastward-extending convective belt caused by the southwesterly surge. The mean longitude of TC genesis in 2016 shifted more eastward, which is favorable for the longer lifetime and greater intensity of the TCs. In terms of the extratropical influences, the cyclonic circulation anomaly associated with the Silk Road Pattern from the middle latitude penetrated southward and split the WNP subtropical high (WNPSH) into two components in August of 2016, thus causing deep-tropospheric southerly steering flows in between and TC northward-prone tracks. During the boreal autumn in 2016, the WNPSH strengthened and stretched westward, producing the robust easterly steering flows that led to successive TCs affecting the coastal areas of East Asia.
Welfare-Optimal Patent Royalties When Imitation Is Costly

We identify welfare-optimal patent royalties in a model of costly imitation, entry and imperfect competition. When the social planner may impose a compulsory license, optimal royalties either blockade imitation, facilitating unregulated monopoly, or yield an aggregate-zero-profit efficient duopoly. When duopoly is optimal, the optimal per-unit royalty pins the equilibrium price at the aggregate average cost and the optimal fixed royalty shifts surplus so the patentee and imitator break even. Efficient duopoly yields higher welfare than monopoly for sufficiently low invention cost, and may also yield higher welfare than a prize system. Interestingly, royalty payments may be negative. Because of this, efficient duopoly may not be feasible if the planner must instead direct the courts to use such royalties.
Acetylenic Synthetic Betulin Derivatives Inhibit Akt and Erk Kinases Activity, Trigger Apoptosis and Suppress Proliferation of Neuroblastoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines

Neuroblastoma (NB) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumors, still represent an important clinical challenge since no effective treatment is available for metastatic and recurrent disease. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new chemotherapeutics to improve the outcome of patients. Betulin (Bet), a triterpenoid from the bark of birches, demonstrated interesting anti-cancer potential. The modification of natural phytochemicals with evidenced anti-tumor activity, including Bet, is one of the methods of receiving new compounds for potential implementation in oncological treatment. Here, we showed that two acetylenic synthetic Bet derivatives (ASBDs), EB5 and EB25/1, reduced the viability and proliferation of SK-N-AS and TE671 cells, as measured by MTT and BrdU tests, respectively. Moreover, ASBDs were also more cytotoxic than temozolomide (TMZ) and cisplatin (cis-diaminedichloroplatinum [II], CDDP) in vitro, and the combination of EB5 with CDDP enhanced anti-cancer effects. We also showed the slowdown of cell cycle progression at S/G2 phases mediated by EB5 using FACS flow cytometry. The decreased viability and proliferation of pediatric cancers cells after treatment with ASBDs was linked to the reduced activity of kinases Akt, Erk1/2 and p38 and the induction of apoptosis, as investigated using Western blotting and FACS. In addition, in silico analyses of the ADMET profile found EB5 to be a promising anti-cancer drug candidate that would benefit from further investigation.
Global Liquidity and Exchange Market Pressure in Emerging Market Economies

We analyse the relationship between global liquidity and exchange market pressure in 32 emerging market economies. Exchange market pressure is a measure of excess currency demand that is applicable across different exchange rate regimes as it accounts for changes in exchange rates, foreign exchange reserves and, optionally, interest rates. Surges in monetary liquidity, credit provision, and short-term funding in advanced economies are shown to be robustly associated with appreciation pressure on emerging market currencies. The underlying transmission mechanism, however, only operates under regular financial market conditions: ample liquidity provision in advanced economies contributes to the build-up of financial stability risks in emerging market economies in tranquil times, but further liquidity injections do not avert the pronounced depreciation pressure on emerging market currencies in times of high market volatility.
Discounts in Closed-End Funds - A Study on the Swedish Market

The thesis strives to use previous research as a basis to perform an up-to-date and relevant study about the CEF puzzle on the Stockholm stock exchange. Annual data for the whole population of Swedish CEFs will be studied over the time period 2006-2010. A multiple regression analysis will be executed in order to determine the impact of a number of explanatory variables on the CEF discounts. The regression performed did show significant impact on the CEF discounts for a number of explanatory variables: dividends, ownership concentration, fund age, and fund diversification. The results can be explained by financial theory in conjunction with the features of the Swedish CEF market. The Swedish population of CEFs is limited, why it could be of interest to incorporate other Nordic markets in future research.
Biomechanical behavior of different implant abutment materials

Purpose: to check the mechanical properties and Finite element Stress Analysis of 3 implant abutment materials. Materials and methods : Fifteen bars (25mm length, 4mm. thick and 5mm.width) of 3 abutment materials ; High Performance polymer Hybrid abutments , Nano-Fiber reinforced Composite and Fiber strengthened Composite divided into 3 teams were exposed to Flexure Strength and Deflection tests. Fifteen implant abutments (two components abutment) coated by all ceramic crowns divided into 3 teams were exposed to Static Fracture Resistance take a look at and Finite element Stress Analysis . Results: Flexure Strength tests mean and standard deviation of bar specimens showed vital distinction, wherever gp I, II, III were 519.29±0.46, 200.74±0.33 and 315.43±0.59. Also, Deflection take a look at mean and standard deviation were three. 052±0.040, 0.984±0.106, 2.028±0.027 receptively discovered vital distinction. The comparison between fracture resistance mean and standard deviation of the tested abutment 3 groups were 642.00±. 5.637, 306.00±30.496 and 514.40±12.915 respectively and discovered significant distinction. Finite part Stress Analysis of applied vertical load on the 3 abutment materials failed to have clear distinction however the smallest amount stresses created on bone with Nano-FRC abutment(16.2) followed with FRC (17.32) then BioHPP abutment (18.55). Conclusion: Fracture strength of BioHPP abutments with ceramic crowns had the potential to resist most occlusal forces, conjointly showed higher fracture patterns than the FRC and NFRC abutments, and showed a higher stress distribution on the set, suggesting a decent mechanical behavior.
The numerical radius of a nilpotent operator on a Hilbert space

ABSTRACTL.e t T be a bounded linear operatoro f norm 1 on a Hilbert space H such that T" = 0 for some n > 2. Then its numerical radius satisfies w (T) < cos (n'n+ 1) and this bound is sharp. Moreover, if there exists a unit vector s E H such that I( TIg) l= cos (n+'+1 ) then T has a reducings ubspace of dimension n on which T is the usual n-shift. The proofs show that these facts are related to the following result of Fejer: if a trigonometric polynomial f(6) = Zk-! n+i fkeikO is positive, one has If, I < fo cos (n+); moroever, there is essentially one polynomial for which equality holds.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Zinc-Doped Hydroxyapatite Colloids and Dispersion Stability Using Ultrasounds

This study proves that the new developed zinc-doped hydroxyapatite (ZnHAp) colloids by an adapted sol-gel method can be widely used in the pharmaceutical, medical, and environmental industries. ZnHAp nanoparticles were stabilized in an aqueous solution, and their colloidal dispersions have been characterized by different techniques. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to get information on the morphology and composition of the investigated samples. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis confirmed the elemental compositions of ZnHAp colloidal dispersions. The homogeneous and uniform distribution of constituent elements (zinc, calcium, phosphorus, oxygen) was highlighted by the obtained elemental mapping results. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of the obtained samples showed a single phase corresponding to the hexagonal hydroxyapatite. The characteristic bands of the hydroxyapatite structure were also evidenced by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. For a stability assessment of the colloidal system, ζ-potential for the ZnHAp dispersions was estimated. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to determine particles dispersion and hydrodynamic diameter (DHYD). The goal of this study was to provide for the first time information on the stability of ZnHAp particles in solutions evaluated by non–destructive ultrasound-based technique. In this work, the influence of the ZnHAp colloidal solutions stability on the development of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), was also established for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of ZnHAp solutions was strongly influenced by both the stability of the solutions and the amount of Zn.
Differing Water Intake and Hydration Status in Three European Countries—A Day-to-Day Analysis

Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining health and functionality of the human body. Studies assessing both daily water intake and hydration status are lacking. This study explored data from the European Hydration Research Study (EHRS) and focused on total water intake (TWI), 24 h hydration status, and day-to-day variations in a sample of 573 healthy adults. TWI was assessed by food records and hydration status (urine osmolality and urine volume) was measured from 24 urine samples collected over seven consecutive days. On all weekdays, mean TWI was higher (p < 0.001 for all days) for the German subjects compared to the Greek and Spanish participants. In 37% of the male and 22% of the female subjects, the individual mean TWI was below the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommendation, with 16% men (4% women) being below the EFSA recommendation on every testing day. Twenty-four hour urine osmolality was lower in women compared to men (595 ± 261 vs. 681 ± 237 mOsmol/kg; p < 0.001). More men (40%) showed a urine osmolality ≥800 mOsmol/kg at least on four days of the study period compared to women (26%) and more participants from Spain (46%) compared to Greece (29%) and Germany (11%). A large number of individuals showed an inadequate hydration status on several days per week, which may have a negative health and cognitive impact on daily life.
Processing and Utilization of Satavari Roots for Preparation of Herbal Aonla Ladoo

Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica L.) is one of the oldest Indian fruits and considered as “Wonder fruit for health”. The fresh fruits are not popular as a table fruit due to its high acidity and astringent taste (Kumar and Nath, 1993). Further, aonla, being perishable, loses its nutritional value in absence of proper postharvest technology; therefore, it is not popular as a table fruit, but has a great potential in processed forms. Several value added products have been developed from aonla such as pickles, preserve (murrabba), candy, sauce, chutney, jam, jelly, spread and ladoo. Aonla ladoo is prepared from aonla shreds. It is ballshaped, exceedingly sweet, highly flavourful and easily masticated product. Expanding knowledge of the role of physiologically active food components, from both plant (phytochemicals) and animal (zoo-chemicals) sources, has notably changed the role of diet International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Effect of Crop Geometry , Intercropping Systems and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Productivity of Baby Corn ( Zea mays L . ) based Intercropping Systems

Field experiments were conducted at Eastern Block farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during late rabi 2002 (January to March) and late rabi 2002-03 (December to March) seasons to study the impact of varied crop geometry, short duration intercrops and Integrated Nutrient Management practices on production of baby corn based intercropping systems. Two crop geometry levels (45 x 25 cm and 60 x 19 cm) and two short duration intercrops (radish and coriander) along with control (no intercrop) were taken in main plot. Recommended dose of fertilizers (100% NPK-N ) along with three INM practices [50% NPK + FYM 1 + Azospirillum + phosphobacteria (N ), 50% NPK + poultry manure + Azospirillum + phosphobacteria (N ); and 2 3 50% NPK + goat manure + Azospirillum + phosphobacteria (N )] were assigned to sub plot in a split plot 4 design. The trial was replicated thrice. Growth characters such as plant height, LAI and DMP; yield attributes viz., length of cob and corn, diameter of cob and corn and weight of cob and corn; green cob yield and fodder yield were significantly higher at 60 cm wider row spacing than 45 cm spacing level. Whereas, intercrops didn’t alter the growth and yield of baby corn. Substitution of 50 per cent NPK through either poultry or goat manures along with Azospirillum and phosphobacteria had significant influence on all the growth and yield parameters and also yield levels of cob and fodder of baby corn. Yield levels of intercrops were higher under closer row geometry (45 cm) than 60 cm spacing. INM practices had less influence on intercrops yield. Whereas, baby corn equivalent yields were higher at 60 cm row spacing, intercropped baby corn with N and N than the rest. 3 4
Taxation and Supplier Networks: Evidence from India

Do tax systems distort firm-to-firm trade? This paper considers the effect of tax policy on supplier networks in a large developing economy, the state of West Bengal in India. Using administrative panel data on firms, including transaction data for 4.8 million supplier-client pairs, we first document substantial segmentation of supply chains between firms paying Value-Added Taxes (VAT) and non-VAT-paying firms. We then develop a model of firms’ sourcing and tax decisions within supply chains to understand the mechanisms through which tax policy interacts with supply networks. The model predicts partial segmentation in equilibrium because of both supply-chain distortions (taxes affect how much firms trade with each other) and strategic complementarities in firms’ tax choices. Finally, we test the model’s predictions using variations over time within-firm and within supplier-client pairs. We find that the tax system distorts firms’ sourcing decisions, and suggestive evidence of strategic complementarities in firms’ tax choices within supplier networks.
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration and social behaviour

Inappropriate social behaviour is an early symptom of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in both behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and semantic dementia (SD) subtypes. Knowledge of social behaviour is essential for appropriate social conduct. The superior anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has been identified as one key neural component for the conceptual knowledge of social behaviour, but it is unknown whether this is dissociable from knowledge of the consequences of social behaviour. Here, we used a newly-developed test of knowledge about long-term and short-term consequences of social behaviour to investigate its impairment in patients with FTLD relative to a previouslydeveloped test of social conceptual knowledge. We included 19 healthy elderly control participants and 19 consecutive patients with features of bvFTD or SD and defined dissociations as performance differences between tasks for each patient (Bonferroni-corrected p < .05). Knowledge of long-term consequences was selectively impaired relative to shortterm consequences in five patients and the reverse dissociation occurred in one patient. Six patients showed a selective impairment of social concepts relative to long-term consequences with the reverse dissociation occurring in one patient. These results corroborate the hypothesis that knowledge of long-term consequences of social behaviour is atry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College
The late Miocene to Holocene erosion pattern of the Alpine foreland basin reflects Eurasian slab unloading beneath the western Alps rather than global climate change

We synthesized published data on the erosion of the Alpine foreland basin and apatite fission-track ages from the Alps to infer the erosional sediment budget history for the past 5 m.y. The data reveal that erosion of the Alpine foreland basin is highest in front of the western Alps (between 2 and 0.6 km) and decreases eastward over a distance of 700 km to the Austrian foreland basin (similar to 200 m). For the western Alps, erosion rates are >0.6 km/m.y. , while erosion rates for the eastern foreland basin and the adjacent eastern Alps are <0.1 km/m.y. , except for a small-scale signal in the Tauern Window. The results yield a large ellipsoidal, orogen-crossing pattern of erosion, centered along the western Alps. We suggest that accelerated erosion of the western Alps and their foreland basin occurred in response to regional-scale surface uplift, related to lithospheric unloading of the Eurasian slab along the Eurasian-Adriatic plate boundary. While we cannot rule out recent views that global climate change led to substantial erosion of the European Alps since 5 Ma, we postulate that regional-scale tectonic processes have driven erosion during this time, modulated by an increased erosional flux in response to Quaternary glaciations.
Assessment of Energy Saving Potential by Replacing Conventional Materials by Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)—A Case Study of Office Buildings in China

This research evaluates the operational heating and cooling energy consumption of cross-laminated timber (CLT) office buildings in China. The evaluations involve a comparison of the energy consumption of a reference RC structure and CLT system office buildings. Computational simulation results are based on IES-VE 2019 and show that the estimated heating energy saving ratio of CLT buildings in Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, and Kunming to the reference structure are 11.97%, 22.11%, 30.94%, and 23.30% respectively. However, the CLT buildings consume more energy for cooling in the summer. The results of the research show significantly higher heating energy reductions for CLT buildings in the Cold Region and Severe Cold Regions of China. Thus, the application of the CLT system is better suited to northern China than southern China. The results of the research can be used in further assessment of the use of CLT systems in different climatic regions in China.
The party political make-up of EU legislative bodies1

This research note provides an overview of the party political make-up of EU legislative bodies for the period 1979–2004 (Commission: 1979–2007) in terms of the left–right and pro-/anti-Europe dimensions. The various methods of measuring political positions are discussed and compared. Measures for the left–right dimension based on party manifestos and expert surveys are relatively strongly correlated for the time period. This is not the case for the pro-/anti-Europe dimension. The dataset is available via the homepage of the European Legislative Politics Research Group (www.elprg.eu).
ESMD Method for Frequency Distribution of Tank Surface Temperature under Wind Effect

Due to the poor understanding of the small-scale processes at the air-water interface, some lab experiments are done in a water tank by infrared techniques. With the help of ESMD method, the stochastic temperature sequences extracted from the infrared photographs are decomposed into several empirical modes of general periodic forms. The corresponding analyses on the modes reveal that, within certain limits, both spatial and temporal frequencies increase along the wind speed. As for the amplitudes, the existence of wind may result in fold increasing of their values. In addition, when the wind speed is added from 4 m/s to 5 m/s, both frequency and amplitude of the surface temperature decrease and it implies an enhanced mixing and a weakened temperature gradient under the force of wind blowing.
The Consistent Behavior of Tropical Rain: Average Reflectivity Vertical Profiles Determined by Rain Top Height

AbstractSixteen years of Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) reflectivity profile data are collected for oceanic, continental, and island tropical regions within the boreal winter intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). When sorted by the rain top height (RTH), a consistent behavior emerges where the average reflectivity profiles originating at different RTHs form non-overlapping manifolds in the height–reflectivity space, excluding the brightband regions for stratiform type profiles. Based on reflectivity slope (dBZ km−1) profile characteristics and physical considerations, the profiles are divided into three classes: 1) cold profiles, which originate above the −20°C isotherm height and display convergence to a single reflectivity slope profile independent of RTH; 2) warm profiles, which originate below the 0°C isotherm height and display strong reflectivity slope dependence on RTH, with slope values per RTH linearly decreasing with decreased height; and 3) mixed profiles, which originate at the layer .
How I learned to stop fearing: Ideological differences in choice of reappraisal content

In down-regulating intergroup fear, an intense emotion common to intractable intergroup conflicts, people may employ various fear-reducing appraisals. Adopting a motivated reasoning perspective, we posited that the contents of individuals’ ideological beliefs influence the contents they employ to down-regulate fear, with rightists preferring ingroup-empowering content and leftists preferring outgroup-weakening content. In Study 1, rightists (vs. leftists) reported greater use of ingroup-empowering reappraisal to down-regulate fear, but no differences emerged in the use of outgroup-weakening reappraisal. Study 2 manipulated the contents’ perceived instrumentality in reducing fear, to examine this as an alternative mechanism. Perceived instrumentality influenced participants’ behavioral content preferences ahead of a fear induction, but the manipulation did not mitigate the right-left differences in ingroup-empowering reappraisal use once participants were confronted with the stimulus, replicating Study 1. Study 3 extended these findings, identifying ideological differences in two additional fear-reappraisal themes and in the attitudinal outcomes of fear regulation.