Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations of Warfarin Use with Risks of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Events and Major Bleeding in Patients with Hyperthyroidism-Related Atrial Fibrillation

The use of oral anticoagulants for patients with new-onset hyperthyroidism-related atrial fibrillation (AF) is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the clinical benefits of warfarin therapy in this population. This retrospective cohort study used a data-cut of Taiwan Health and Welfare Database between 2000 and 2016. We compared warfarin users and nonusers among AF patients with hyperthyroidism. We used 1:2 propensity score matching to balance covariates and Cox regression model to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). The primary outcome was risk of ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), and the secondary outcome was major bleeding. After propensity score matching, we defined 90 and 168 hyperthyroidism-related AF patients with mean (SD) age of 59.9 ± 13.5 and 59.2 ± 14.6 in the warfarin-treated group and untreated group separately. The mean (SD) CHA2DS2-VASc scores for the two groups were 2.1 ± 1.6 and 1.8 ± 1.5, respectively. Patients with hyperthyroidism-related AF receiving warfarin had no significant risk of ischemic stroke/TIA (adjusted HR: 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–2.56, p = 0.717) compared to nonusers. There was a comparable risk of major bleeding between those receiving warfarin or not (adjusted HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.56–1.47, p = 0.702). The active-comparator design also demonstrated that warfarin use had no significant association with the risk of stroke/TIA versus aspirin use (adjusted HR: 2.43; 95% CI: 0.68–8.70). In conclusion, anticoagulation therapy did not have a statistically significant benefit on ischemic stroke/TIA nor risk of bleeding, among patients with new-onset hyperthyroidism-related AF under a low CHA2DS2-VASc score, by comparing those without use.
Total positivity, Grassmannians, and networks

The aim of this paper is to discuss a relationship between total positivity and planar directed networks. We show that the inverse boundary problem for these networks is naturally linked with the study of the totally nonnegative Grassmannian. We investigate its cell decomposition, where the cells are the totally nonnegative parts of the matroid strata. The boundary measurements of networks give parametrizations of the cells. We present several different combinatorial descriptions of the cells, study the partial order on the cells, and describe how they are glued to each other.
The Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars Version 2.1

The Gaia FGK benchmark stars are among the preferred samples of reference stars to test parametrisation pipelines of spectroscopic surveys. They consist of a small but carefully selected sample whose parameters are derived consistently and homogeneously. Here we summarise this work and provide our current list of stars with associated parameters which are recommended for validation and calibration purposes for stellar surveys. Data available at CDS as catalog III/281.
A Major Star Formation Region in the Receding Tip of the Stellar Galactic Bar. II. Supplementary Information and Evidence that the Bar is not the Same Structure as the Triaxial Bulge Previously Reported

Equivalent spectroscopic analysis should also be performed at l = -22°, the candidate position for the other tip of the bar. The space localization of one and a fortiori of both ends of the bar allows us to infer its orientation. If the second region is also confirmed to be a powerful star formation region this would imply a position angle for the bar of about 75° with respect to the Sun–Galactic center line. This geometry is indeed compatible with the range of distances that we have obtained for the star-forming region at l = 27° from spectroscopic parallaxes. However, the angle is different from that given by other authors for the bar, and this, we think, is because they refer to the triaxial bulge and not to the bar as detected here.
Exploring stratification effects in stable Ekman boundary layers using a stochastic one-dimensional turbulence model

Abstract. Small-scale processes in atmospheric boundary layers are typically not resolved due to cost constraints but modeled based on physical relations with the resolved scales, neglecting expensive backscatter. This lack in modeling is addressed in the present study with the aid of the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model. ODT is applied as stand-alone column model to numerically investigate stratification effects in long-lived transient Ekman flows as canonical example of polar boundary layers by resolving turbulent winds and fluctuating temperature profiles on all relevant scales of the flow. We first calibrate the adjustable model parameters for neutral cases based on the surface drag law which yields slightly different optimal model set-ups for finite low and moderate Reynolds numbers. For the stably stratified cases, previously calibrated parameters are kept fixed and the model predictions are compared with various reference numerical simulations and also observations by an exploitation of boundary layer similarity. ODT reasonably captures the temporally developing flow for various prescribed stratification profiles, but fails to fully capture the near-surface laminarization by remaining longer in a fully developed turbulent state, which suggests preferential applicability to high-Reynolds-number flow regimes. Nevertheless, the model suggests that large near-surface turbulence scales are primarily affected by the developing stratification due to scale-selective buoyancy damping which agrees with the literature. The variability of the wind-turning angle represented by the ensemble of stratified cases simulated covers a wider range than reference reanalysis data. The present study suggests that the vertical-column ODT formulation that is highly resolved in space and time can help to accurately represent multi-physics boundary-layer and subgrid-scale processes, offering new opportunities for analysis of very stable polar boundary layer and atmospheric chemistry applications.
Assessment of knowledge and acceptability of HIV self-testing among students of selected universities in southwest Nigeria: an online cross-sectional study

Introduction in Nigeria, it was estimated that 1.9 million people were living with HIV of which 130,000 people were newly infected with HIV. HIV self-testing would potentially increase access to HIV testing for people to know their status, get diagnosed, and initiate treatment as soon as possible. Our study aims to assess the knowledge of HIV Self-Testing (HIVST) and the acceptability of this youth-friendly approach among students in southwest Nigeria online. Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted among bona fide undergraduate students (2019/2020 session) of two popular tertiary institutions in southwest Nigeria. An online standardized self-administered questionnaire was administered using Google Forms. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS statistics were used for tabulation and statistical data analysis. The Chi-Square test was conducted using a P value of 0.05 to determine the level of significance. Results of the 155 students that participated in the study, 82 (52.9%) were male. Most of the respondents (65.2%) were studying medicine and other health-related courses. The mean knowledge of HIVST among respondents was slightly above average. Respondents studying medical and other health-related courses showed a slightly better level of knowledge than others although not statistically significant (P = 0.222). 76.1% of respondents had never used the HIVST option before and 62.6% are willing to use it sometimes in the future. Conclusion to achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 fast-track targets in Nigeria by 2030, there is a need to promote sexual and reproductive health education and increase awareness and accessibility of HIVST to youths.
Geometric Invariant Theory

Introduction Geometric Invariant Theory is the study of quotients in the context of algebraic geometry. Many objects we would wish to take a quotient of have some sort of geometric structure and Geometric Invariant Theory (GIT) allows us to construct quotients that preserve geometric structure. Quotients are naturally arising objects in mathematics. Given an object with an equivalence relation on the elements, the quotient gives a simpler object which retains information about the original object whilst removing unnecessary data, by considering equivalent elements as the same. When we study an object, we may have an equivalence of elements where we are not concerned with the distinction between equivalent elements. By way of example, an analogous situation areises when studying matrices-we often want to study the similarity classes of matrices and not distinguish similar matrices. We let a group G act on a geometric object X. The action of G gives a partition of X in to G-orbits, which defines an equivalence relation on X. It is not always the case that the set of G-orbits has a geometric structure. The Geometric Invariant Theory quotient is a construction that partitions G-orbits to some extent, while preserving some desirable geometric properties and structure. For affine sets, the construction of the GIT quotient is well understood and is determined uniquely. In the projective case, the natural way to construct a quotient is to glue together quotients of affine sets. This can not always be done simply, or in a unique way. The G-action must be extended to cover affine subsets correctly, which introduces a certain degree of choice in the construction. An obvious question to ask is: How is the quotient constructed dependent on this choice? And further: Are there any relations that exist between differently constructed quotients? I will set up the construction of the GIT quotient and explore the relations existing between quotients constructed in different ways. In the first chapter, I will give some background on algebraic geometry. I will introduce the concept of a variety, the objects of study, and the topology used on varieties. I will introduce the relation between algebra and geometry in this setting, and how a variety can be identified with its coordinate ring, in both the affine and projective case. i The second chapter introduces the morphisms in the category of varieties. In algebraic geometry we are largely concerned with the set of functions …
Intra-articular hyaluronic acid plus sorbitol injections for the management of severe glenohumeral osteoarthritis in a former female volleyball player

The glenohumeral joint is the third most common joint to be affected by osteoarthritis (OA). Practising volleyball can lead to shoulder arthritis due to repetitive mechanical stress on the shoulder joint. The first step of management of primary glenohumeral OA usually is the non-operative treatment, with intra-articular injections representing one of the most utilized treatments. The aim of this study is to report the outcomes of a series of three injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) plus sorbitol in a patient with severe glenohumeral OA. An 81-year-old female former volleyball player presented to our Rehabilitation Unit with more than 15 years history of shoulder pain and functional limitation. Since she refused to undergo surgery, we proposed her intra-articular injections of HA plus sorbitol. Outcome evaluation was made up to 12 months from the last injection by means of the Constant-Murley score and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire. Three injections of HA plus sorbitol for three weeks in a row in a patient with severe glenohumeral OA led to important improvements in pain reduction and better functionality at all follow-ups. Larger studies including more patients and with longer follow-ups are needed to confirm the consistency of these findings.
Critical phenomena at the complex tensor ordering phase transition

We investigate the critical properties of the phase transition towards complex tensor order that has been proposed to occur in spin-orbit coupled superconductors. For this purpose we formulate the bosonic field theory for fluctuations of the complex irreducible second-rank tensor order parameter close to the transition. We then determine the scale dependence of the couplings of the theory by means of the perturbative Renormalization Group (RG). For the isotropic system we generically detect a fluctuation-induced first-order phase transition. The initial values for the running couplings are determined by the underlying microscopic model for the tensorial order. As an example we study three-dimensional Luttinger semimetals with electrons at a quadratic band touching point. Whereas the strong-coupling transition of the model receives substantial fluctuation corrections, the weak-coupling transition at low temperatures is rendered only weakly first-order due to the presence of a fixed point in the vicinity of the RG trajectory. If the number of fluctuating complex components of the order parameter is reduced by cubic anisotropy, the theory maps onto the field theory for frustrated magnetism.
Reference intervals for thyroid hormones for the elderly population and their influence on the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism

Background This study aims to establish reference intervals (RIs) for thyroid hormones in the elderly population and analyze their influence on the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods Thyroid hormone records of subjects who underwent routine health checkup at our hospital between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine, total thyroxine, free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were compared between young and elderly subjects. Thresholds of these thyroid hormones were established for elderly subjects. Results A total of 22,207 subjects were included. Of them, 2,254 (10.15%) were aged ≥ 65 years. Elderly subjects had higher TSH, and lower FT3 and FT4 levels when compared with young subjects. In the elderly group, the RIs for TSH, FT3 and FT4 were 0.55-5.14 mIU/L, 3.68-5.47 pmol/L, and 12.00-19.87 pmol/L, respectively. The age and sex specific RIs for TSH were 0.56-5.07 mIU/L for men and 0.51-5.25 mIU/L for women. With whole-group RIs and age and sex-specific RIs for elderly people, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 9.83% and 6.29% (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions Elderly individuals had higher TSH levels than young individuals. Our study indicated that establishing specific RIs for elderly individuals is needed. This has implications for the diagnosis and management of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly population.
FIR galaxies and the gamma-ray background

Contribution to the gamma-ray background (GRB) by galaxies bright in the far-IR (FIR) is discussed. Using observational correlations between the FIR and synchrotron emission in radio wavelengths, it is shown that the concentration of cosmic ray electrons in FIR luminous galaxies is substantially higher than in the general population of galaxies. Microwave background and intrinsic galaxy radiation scattered via the inverse Compton (IC) effect by cosmic ray electrons into high energies makes the FIR galaxies relatively strong gamma-ray sources (in comparison with normal galaxies). x Using the FIR galaxy luminosity function and the relationship between FIR and radio luminosities, the contribution (due to the IC only) of FIR luminous galaxies to the GRB above ~ 1 MeV is estimated at 10 to 25 % depending on the rate of cosmic evolution of star burst galaxies. This is substantially larger than the normal galaxies contribution. To obtain more accurate assessment of relationship between the GRB and FIR galaxies, gamma-ray observations of individual galaxies bright in the FIR are required.
The GALAH survey and Gaia DR2: (non-)existence of five sparse high-latitude open clusters

Sparse open clusters can be found at high galactic latitudes where loosely populated clusters are more easily detected against the lower stellar background. Because most star formation takes place in the thin disc, the observed population of clusters far from the Galactic plane is hard to explain. We combined spectral parameters from the GALAH survey with the Gaia DR2 catalogue to study the dynamics and chemistry of five old sparse high-latitude clusters in more detail. We find that four of them (NGC 1252, NGC 6994, NGC 7772, NGC 7826) - originally classified in 1888-are not clusters but are instead chance projections on the sky. Member stars quoted in the literature for these four clusters are unrelated in our multidimensional physical parameter space; the quoted cluster properties in the literature are therefore meaningless. We confirm the existence of visually similar NGC 1901 for which we provide a probabilistic membership analysis. An overdensity in three spatial dimensions proves to be enough to reliably detect sparse clusters, but the whole six-dimensional space must be used to identify members with high confidence, as demonstrated in the case of NGC 1901. (Less)
Almost global existence for 4-dimensional quasilinear wave equations in exterior domains

This article focuses on almost global existence for quasilinear wave equations with small initial data in 4-dimensional exterior domains. The nonlinearity is allowed to depend on the solution at the quadratic level as well as its first and second derivatives. For this problem in the boundaryless setting, H\"{o}rmander proved that the lifespan is bounded below by $\exp(c/\epsilon)$ where $\epsilon>0$ denotes the size of the Cauchy data. Later Du, the second author, Sogge, and Zhou showed that this inequality also holds for star-shaped obstacles. Following up on the authors' work in the 3-dimensional case, we weaken the hypothesis on the geometry and only require that the obstacle allow for a sufficiently rapid decay of local energy for the linear homogeneous wave equation. The key innovation of this paper is the use of the boundary term estimates of the second author and Sogge in conjunction with a variant of an estimate of Klainerman and Sideris, which will be obtained via a Sobolev inequality of Du and Zhou.
Live or Heat-Killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus Aerosolization Decreases Adenomatous Lung Cancer Development in a Mouse Carcinogen-Induced Tumor Model

An immunosuppressive microenvironment in lung concurs to pre-malignant lesions progression to cancer. Here, we explore if perturbing lung microbiota, which contribute to immunosuppression, by antibiotics or probiotic aerosol interferes with lung cancer development in a mouse carcinogen-induced tumor model. Urethane-injected mice were vancomycin/neomycin (V/N)-aerosolized or live or dead L. rhamnosus GG (L.RGG)-aerosolized, and tumor development was evaluated. Transcriptional profiling of lungs and IHC were performed. Tumor nodules number, diameter and area were reduced by live or heat-killed L.RGG, while only a decrease in nodule diameter was observed in V/N-treated lungs. Both L.RGG and V/N reduced Tregs in the lung. In L.RGG-treated groups, the gene encoding the joining chain (J chain) of immunoglobulins was increased, and higher J chain protein and IgA levels were observed. An increased infiltration of B, NK and myeloid-derived cells was predicted by TIMER 2.0. The Kaplan–Meier plotter revealed an association between high levels of J chain mRNA and good prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients that correlated with increased B and CD4 T cells and reduced Tregs and M2 macrophages. This study highlights L.RGG aerosol efficacy in impairing lung cancer growth by promoting local immunity and points to this non-invasive strategy to treat individuals at risk of lung cancer.
IMPACT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF NEEM LEAVES IN LOWERING BLOOD GLUCOSE AND LIPID PROFILE IN STZ INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS MICE

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of aqueous neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves extract in reducing the sugar level of diabetic patients in male mice. The study included four groups and 15 mice for each group. The first group represented the control group. The mice in the remaining three groups were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) at dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. The second group was considered as the induced control group for diabetic patients for comparison, while the third group of diabetic patients received neem leaves extract 250 mg/kg of body weight, and the fourth group of diabetic patients was given metformin hydrochloride 250 mg/kg of body weight. Measured Changes in blood glucose, blood triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol levels, and body weight. The results showed there was a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in diabetic groups and a decrease in cholesterol and triglycerides in groups treated with neem leaves extract compared with metformin hydrochloride. Thus, it can be concluded high blood sugar can be alleviated by treatment with an aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaves.
Prominence Eruption Initiated by Helical Kink Instability of an Embedded Flux Rope

We study the triggering mechanism of a limb-prominence eruption and the associated coronal mass ejection (CME) near AR 12342 using Solar Dynamics Observatory and Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph/Solar Heliospheric Observatory observations. The prominence is seen with an embedded flux thread (FT) at one end and bifurcates from the middle to a different footpoint location. The morphological evolution of the FT is similar to that of an unstable flux rope (FR), which we regard as a prominence-embedded FR. The FR twist exceeds the critical value. In addition, the morphology of the prominence plasma in 304 Å images marks the helical nature of the magnetic skeleton, with a total of 2.96 turns along arc length. The potential field extrapolation model indicates that the critical height of the background magnetic field gradient falls within the inner corona (105 Mm), which is consistent with the extent of coronal plasma loops. These results suggest that the helical kink instability in the embedded FR caused the slow rise of the prominence to the height of the torus instability domain. Moreover, the differential emission measure analysis unveils heating of the prominence plasma to coronal temperatures during an eruption, suggesting reconnection-related heating underneath the upward rising embedded FR. The prominence starts with a slow rise motion of 10 km s−1, which is followed by fast and slow acceleration phases that have an average acceleration of 28.9 m s−2 and 2.4 m s−2 in C2 and C3 field of view, respectively. As predicted by previous numerical simulations, the observed synchronous kinematic profiles of the CME leading edge and the core support the involved FR instability in the prominence initiation.