Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying of salinity stress effect on germination, proline, sugar, protein, lipid and chlorophyll content in Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L. ) leaves

L. ). Studying of the salt stress effect on germination and some physiological parameters in Purslane was carried out in completely random framework and with three replications and under controlled conditions. In this study, salinity was imposed by sodium chloride (NaCl) and in five levels of framework included of Control (distilled water), 50, 100, 150 and 200 Mmol from NaCl. Studied physiological parameters included of proline, sugar, protein, lipid and chlorophyll in Purslane leaves.In relation with observed germination that increasing of salt level, germination rate was reduced that the least germination rate in 200 Mmol and the highest germination was observed in control which in statistical level 0.01 showed meaningful difference. Also, results showed an increasing of leaf proline and sugar that was synchronize with increasing of sodium chloride, this increasing in statistical level of P<0.01 was meaningful, while blank had the least rate and salt level 200 Mmol was observed. Synchronize with increasing of salinity level, lipid and protein concentration decreasing that was meaningful (P<0.01) which highest of leaf lipid and protein content in control level and least concentration was observed in 200 Mmol of salinity level. Also, salinity stress due to increasing of chlorophyll a and b levels in Purslane leaves which this increasing in leaf chlorophyll b concentrations in 0.01 statistical level was meaningful and the least level chlorophyll a and b in blank and the highest level of chlorophyll a and b by order in 150 and 200 Mmol of NaCl was observed. The results showed that plant for resistance against salinity increasing of proline, sugar and chlorophyll content in leaves are useful for retaining and improving of photosynthesis quality in plants.
Behavioral Neuroscience

gene expression during behavioral demands by direct binding to the DNA and by interaction with other steroid transcription factors (McEwen et al. Intriguingly, hippocampal testosterone and estradiol levels may be regulated independently from peripheral levels. Aromatase, the key enzyme for conversion of testosterone to estradiol, is expressed in hippocampal neurons of both genders (MacLusky et al., 1994; Wehrenberg et al., 2001), the effects of estra-diol in males being largely unknown. Moreover, the potential of local production of some steroids, termed neurosteroids, has given rise to the idea that steroid actions may occur in a synaptocrine fashion (Corpéchot et al. The hippocampus is equipped with the full enzymatic machinery to produce estradiol and thus also testosterone de novo (Hojo et al., 2004; Balthazart et al., 2006). The described mechanisms are prompting the assumption that regulation of estradiol and testosterone concentrations in task relevant brain areas might be relevant for specific behavioral performances and memories. However, studies that address these questions in intact animals are still missing. Therefore, we followed testosterone, estradiol, and corticosterone concentrations over a spatial learning task in serum probes as well as in two task relevant brain regions, the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), in male rats. Both structures contain receptors of all steroids of interest and are known to be involved in the formation of spatial
EFFECTS OF INTRANASALLY ADMINISTERED DNSP-11 ON THE CENTRAL DOPAMINE SYSTEM OF NORMAL AND PARKINSONIAN FISCHER 344 RATS

OF DISSERTATION EFFECTS OF INTRANASALLY ADMINISTERED DNSP-11 ON THE CENTRAL DOPAMINE SYSTEM OF NORMAL AND PARKINSONIAN FISCHER 344 RATS Due to the blood-brain barrier, delivery of many drugs to the brain has required intracranial surgery which is prone to complication. Here we show that Dopamine Neuron Stimulating Peptide 11 (DNSP-11), following non-invasive intranasal administration, protects dopaminergic neurons from a lesion model of Parkinson’s disease in the rat. A significant and dose-dependent increase in an index of dopamine turnover (the ratio of DOPAC to dopamine) was observed in the striatum of normal young adult Fischer 344 rats by whole-tissue neurochemistry compared to vehicle administered controls. Among animals challenged with a moderate, unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the substantia nigra, those treated repeatedly with intranasally administered DNSP-11 exhibited greater numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive dopaminergic neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra and greater TH+ fiber density in the striatum when compared to animals treated intranasally with vehicle only or a scrambled version of the DNSP-11 sequence. Lesioned animals that received intranasal DNSP-11 treatment did not exhibit abnormal, apomorphine-induced rotation behavior, contrasted with animals that received only vehicle or scrambled peptide that did exhibit significantly greater rotation behavior. In addition, the endogenous expression of DNSP-11 from the pro-region of GDNF was investigated by immunohistochemistry with a custom, polyclonal antibody. Signal from the DNSP-11 antibody was found to be differentially localized from the mature GDNF protein both spatially and temporally. While DNSP-11-like immunoreactivity extensively colocalizes with GDNF immunoreactivity at post-natal day 10, the day of maximal GDNF expression, DNSP-11-like signal was found to be present in the 3 month old rat brain with signal in the substantia nigra, ventral thalamic nucleus, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, with the strongest signal observed in the locus ceruleus where GDNF is not expressed. Results from immunoprecipitation of brain homogenate were not consistent with the synthetic, amidated 11 amino-acid rat DNSP-11 sequence. However, binding patterns in the literature of NPY, the only homologous sequence present in the CNS, do not recapitulate the immunoreactive patterns observed for the DNSP-11 signal. This study provides evidence for a potential easy-to-administer intranasal therapeutic using the DNSP-11 peptide for protection from a 6-OHDA lesion rat model of Parkinson’s disease.
Breeding birds of Ontario : nidiology and distribution /

In this, the final part of the current revision of Volume 2 of Breeding Birds of Ontario (Peck and James 1987), we are following the arrangement as proposed in the seventh edition (AOU 1998) of the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list. In this part of the present revision, the Northern Cardinal and its allies (Family Cardinalidae) have been moved to follow Snow Bunting (Family Emberizidae), and precede Bobolink (Family Icteridae). The only other sequential change is the insertion of Harris's Sparrow
Cardiovascular Biomarkers during Acute Periods of Ischemic Stroke due to Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation

Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon; Department of Neurology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul; Department of Neurology, Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon; Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
1-Methylcyclopropene treatment effects on intact and fresh-cut apple

Summary Maintenance of quality in fresh-cut produce is an important issue for the rapidly expanding minimal processing sector. Treatment of ethylene generating and/or sensitive fresh-cut produce with the ethylene-binding inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene may assist in quality maintenance over time. Intact (control) and sliced ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit at 20°C were treated either with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 6 h at 0.1 to 10 μl l–1 or 1 μl l–1 for periods of 1 to 6 h. Fruit was then kept at either 20°C or 4°C. Exposure of intact or fresh-cut apple fruit to 1-MCP resulted in reduced respiration and ethylene production rates and delayed softening and colour changes. The degree of benefit generally increased with increasing 1-MCP treatment concentration and duration. Compared with untreated tissue, quality was better maintained at 4°C for apple slices to which 1-MCP was applied either before or after the fruit were processed.
Quantitative Evaluation of Redox Processes in Intact Rat Lungs and Endothelial Cells and the Effect of Hyperoxia

QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF REDOX PROCESSES IN INTACT RAT LUNGS AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND THE EFFECT OF HYPEROXIA Zhuohui Gan, B.S., M.S. Marquette University, 2011 A common initial treatment of hypoxemia in patients with lung failure secondary to acute lung injury (e.g., adult respiratory distress syndrome) is oxygen (O2) therapy (hyperoxia). However, prolonged O2 therapy causes lung O2 toxicity, which can further impair lung functions. The rat model of lung O2 toxicity replicates key features of human lung O2 toxicity. In addition, rats develop tolerance or susceptibility to 100% O2 by pre-exposing them to 85% O2 (hyper-85) or 60% O2 (hyper-60) for 7 days, respectively. Therefore, the long-term objectives of this study are to elucidate mechanisms involved in rat tolerance of 100% O2, and to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in lung O2 toxicity. In this work, the effects of rat exposure to hyperoxia on targeted lung cytosolic/mitochondrial redox enzymes with proor anti-oxidant properties were evaluated using indicator dilution methods. The effect of hyperoxia on mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) in cultured endothelial cells was also evaluated using an approach developed in this study. Computational modeling was used for quantitative analysis data from intact lungs or cultured endothelial cells, and for estimation of parameters descriptive of the activities of targeted enzymes and ∆Ψm. The results revealed an increase in the lung activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in hyper-85 and hyper-60 rats, a decrease in the lung activity of NADH:ubiquinone reductase (complex I) in rats exposed to 85% O2 for >24 hours and an increase in the lung activity of Q-cytochrome c reductase (complex III) in hyper-85 rats. Exposure of endothelial cells to 95% O2 for 48 hours did not alter ∆Ψm but increased its sensitivity to mitochondrial uncouplers. These results suggest that the decrease in the activity of complex I might be an early manifestation of an adaptive response to 100% O2; and the increase in the activity of complex III might be important to this adaptive response. Thus, complexes I and III could serve as non-invasive indices of lung O2 toxicity or tolerance using clinical imaging methods, or as therapeutic targets for protecting against lung O2 toxicity.
JATROPHA CURCAS SEED OIL AS NEW SUBSTRATE FOR ENZYMATIC METHYLHYDROXYLAMINOLYSIS

Synthesis of methyl fatty hydroxamic acids (MFHAs) was carried out using lipozyme RM IM based on Jatropha Curcas seed oil. Optimized conditions were obtained at a mole ratio of 6/1 of methyl hydroxylamine/oil, temperature at 41˚C, enzyme 30mg/mmol and 72 h of reaction time. At this optimal condition, the yield% of methyl fatty hydroxamic based on Jatropha Curcas seed oil was 93.92%. The product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR and ¹³C NMR) spectra.
TURKISH ADAPTATION OF THE GERIATRIC SOCIAL WORK COMPETENCY SCALE IN A GROUP OF SOCIAL WORK BACHELOR STUDENTS

Girifl: Bu çal›flma Geriatrik Sosyal Hizmet Yetkinlik Ölçe¤i’nin geçerli¤ini ve güvenirli¤ini bir grup sosyal hizmet lisans ö¤rencisi üzerinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktad›r. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ölçe¤in güvenirli¤i ve geçerli¤inin belirlenmesi için Türkçe formu, Adnan Menderes, Ankara, Hacettepe ve Selçuk üniversiteleri sosyal hizmet bölümlerinin son s›n›fta okuyan 196 ö¤renciye uyguland›. Araflt›rma kapsam›na evrenden seçkisiz olarak al›nan son s›n›f ö¤rencilerinin 108’i (%55,1) kad›n, 88’i (%44,9) erkektir. Ö¤rencilerin yafl ortalamas› 23,24 (1,6) olup, yafllar› 21 ile 31 aras›nda de¤iflmektedir. Bulgular: Yüz doksan alt› üniversite ö¤rencisi üzerinde uygulanan ölçe¤in Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik de¤eri de¤erler alt ölçe¤i için 0,885, de¤erlendirme alt ölçe¤i için 0,889, müdahale alt ölçe¤i için 0,900, hizmet alt ölçe¤i için 0,929 ve geriatrik sosyal hizmet yetkinlik ölçe¤inin tamam› için 0,966 olarak belirlendi. Geçerlik için yap›lan temel bileflenler analizi sonuçlar›, ölçe¤in dört boyutu oldu¤unu; de¤erlerle, de¤erlendirmeyle, müdahaleyle ve hizmetle ilgili faktöre ait toplam de¤iflkenli¤i aç›klama yüzdesi s›ras›yla %45,067, %56,352, %53,252, %61,238 ve toplamda %59,27 oldu¤unu göstermektedir. Sonuç: Bir grup üniversite ö¤rencisi ile yap›lan bu çal›flma Geriatrik Sosyal Hizmet Yetkinlik Ölçe¤i’nin Türk toplumu geçerli ve güvenilir oldu¤unu ortaya koymaktad›r. Anahtar Sözcükler: Geriatrik Sosyal Hizmet; Yetkinlik; Yafll›l›k; Geçerlik; Güvenirlik. ABSTRACT
Differences in cerebral cortical anatomy of left- and right-handers

The left and right sides of the human brain are specialized for different kinds of information processing, and much of our cognition is lateralized to an extent toward one side or the other. Handedness is a reflection of nervous system lateralization. Roughly ten percent of people are mixed- or left-handed, and they show an elevated rate of reductions or reversals of some cerebral functional asymmetries compared to right-handers. Brain anatomical correlates of left-handedness have also been suggested. However, the relationships of left-handedness to brain structure and function remain far from clear. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of cortical surface area differences between 106 left-handed subjects and 1960 right-handed subjects, measured using an automated method of regional parcellation (FreeSurfer, Destrieux atlas). This is the largest study sample that has so far been used in relation to this issue. No individual cortical region showed an association with left-handedness that survived statistical correction for multiple testing, although there was a nominally significant association with the surface area of a previously implicated region: the left precentral sulcus. Identifying brain structural correlates of handedness may prove useful for genetic studies of cerebral asymmetries, as well as providing new avenues for the study of relations between handedness, cerebral lateralization and cognition.
Lack of serotonin reuptake during brain development alters rostral raphe-prefrontal network formation

Besides its “classical” neurotransmitter function, serotonin (5-HT) has been found to also act as a neurodevelopmental signal. During development, the 5-HT projection system, besides an external placental source, represents one of the earliest neurotransmitter systems to innervate the brain. One of the targets of the 5-HT projection system, originating in the brainstem raphe nuclei, is the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), an area involved in higher cognitive functions and important in the etiology of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Little is known, however, about the exact role of 5-HT and its signaling molecules in the formation of the raphe-prefrontal network. Using explant essays, we here studied the role of the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), an important modulator of the 5-HT signal, in rostral raphe-prefrontal network formation. We found that the chemotrophic nature of the interaction between the origin (rostral raphe cluster) and a target (mPFC) of the 5-HT projection system was affected in rats lacking the 5-HTT (5-HTT−/−). While 5-HTT deficiency did not affect the dorsal raphe 5-HT-positive outgrowing neurites, the median raphe 5-HT neurites switched from a strong repulsive to an attractive interaction when co-cultured with the mPFC. Furthermore, the fasciculation of the mPFC outgrowing neurites was dependent on the amount of 5-HTT. In the mPFC of 5-HTT−/− pups, we observed clear differences in 5-HT innervation and the identity of a class of projection neurons of the mPFC. In the absence of the 5-HTT, the 5-HT innervation in all subareas of the early postnatal mPFC increased dramatically and the number of Satb2-positive callosal projection neurons was decreased. Together, these results suggest a 5-HTT dependency during early development of these brain areas and in the formation of the raphe-prefrontal network. The tremendous complexity of the 5-HT projection system and its role in several neurodevelopmental disorders highlights the need for further research in this largely unexplored area.
Guest editorial: Caring in the 21st century: research evidence and knowledge generation

The collection of papers in this Special issue reflect a number of the key dimensions of carer-related research more widely. Carer related research is characterised by a range of different methodologies and focuses on different groups of carers caring in a range of contexts. Research relating to the impact and efficacy of policy and to the translation of policy aims into front line practice is also a longstanding feature of research in the carers field. A commitment to capturing carers’ experiences and lives and recognition of the very different needs and profiles of carers is also an enduring dimension. In addition this Special Issue includes papers presenting original research from Ireland and Canada and literature reviews that draw on international evidence this is indicative of the increasing visibility of care related issues on the international stage. The papers also highlight a number of the tensions that underpin research on carers and caring. Responses to addressing ‘barriers’ to help seeking and service uptake often require investment of public resources. At a time when more is expected of carers and less is being provided by health and social care services this may be unrealistic. It is important to recognise that carers assessments are being conducted in a context where local authorities in England are raising their eligibility thresholds and reducing access to services. How far a practitioner can offer help in an environment of severe cost constraint is therefore a significant challenge. A third issue relates to who is the focus of research. Most research on carers is done with those who define themselves as carers. What we do know is that as many as half of those who actually ‘do caregiving’ do not view themselves as a carer and as such, tend to be marginal to the purview of research (Lloyd 2006). The groups most ‘in need’ of recognition and support are often those least likely to come forward for help or seek out a ‘carer’ related service. A single collection of papers can only ever ‘represent’ a small part of the multi-dimensional, heterogeneous, diverse, and shifting population that constitute carers. However, it does showcase the potential of research to capture carers’ experiences and lives, to expose the impact of cuts to services and the challenges of implementing policy change, explore the role of assessment and support services, and challenge the research community to review how it generates knowledge and develops understanding about carers, care and caring.
Idopathic Pulmonary Hypertension Mimicking Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease – A Case Report.

Abstract PVOD is rare cause of pulmonary artery hypertension which is associated with worse prognosis and limited treatment options apart from lung transplantation. Differentiating IPAH patients from PVOD is sometimes difficult relying on catheterization data alone. But differentiation between these two diseases is important as there are many evolved treatment options for IPAH. Here we are reporting a case of IPAH where catheterization data shows conflicting results which on further evaluation diagnosis confirmed as idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.
Digestion and nitrogen metabolism of grass fed dairy cows

Theoretically a 600 kg cow producing 25 kg milk per day can utilize dietary nitrogen (N) with a maximum efficiency of 40-45%. The actual efficiency of N utilization in cows grazing intensively managed pastures, is 15 to 25%. When young leafy grass is the sole feed this figure cannot be altered substantially without reducing animal performance. Supplementing the diet of grazing dairy cows with a low-protein, high-energy feed (special concentrates or maize silage) increases the efficiency of N utilization, mainly because it lowers N intake. First results using maize silage indicate an improvement in N utilization of 25 to 30%.
The Impact of Ethics Workshop on the Ethical Knowledge and Competency of fourth Years Medical Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

ref ثأت ي کشزپ قلاخا هاگراک ر ي حلاص و شناد رب ي ت قلاخا ي وجشناد ي کشزپ نا ي کشزپ مولع هاگشناد مراهچ لاس ي ش ي زار * رات ي رد خ ي :تفا 4 / 8 / 31 رات ي خ ذپ ي :شر 44 / 61 / 31 رات ي :راشتنا خ 43 / 61 / 31
Alternatives to Balloon Kyphoplasty for Surgical Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures: A State-of-the-Art Review

Background: For patients in whom the pain due to osteoporosis-induced vertebral compression fracture(s) is severe, persistent, and refractory to a conservative treatment (such as, analgesics, back bracing, or physical therapy), it is common to resort to surgical intervention, in the form of a vertebral augmentation method, most commonly, balloon kyphoplasty (BKP). Although there are some reports of the efficacy of this procedure (for example, provision of pain relief), there is lack of consensus on this matter as well as recognition of various shortcomings of BKP. Four principal shortcomings are damage to the trabecular bone when the bone tamp is inflated, loss of the restored height in the period between deflation of the bone tamp and injection of the cement dough, extravasation of the cement dough, and fracture of adjacent vertebral body/bodies. Purpose: Presentation of a critical review of clinical performance of alternative surgical methods to BKP that are aimed at addressing the aforementioned and other shortcomings of BKP. Design and Methods: A literature search for articles on BKP and alternative surgical methods was conducted using relevant keywords and public databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Results: These comprised succinct descriptions of salient features of various alternative surgical methods, such as radiofrequency kyphoplasty, vertebral body stenting, and lordoplasty; a critical Review Article Lewis; JAMMR, 26(12): 1-19, 2018; Article no.JAMMR. 42418 2 examination of the results of clinical studies involving these methods (in particular, vis a vis BKP); and presentations of suggestions for future study. Conclusion: Various deficiencies of the clinical literature mean that definitive statements cannot be made on each of the alternative surgical methods discussed as a viable alternative to BKP.
BMC Cancer

Sequence, "subtle" alternative splicing and expression of the CYYR1 (cysteine/tyrosine-rich 1) mRNA in human neuroendocrine tumors Abstract Background: CYYR1 is a recently identified gene located on human chromosome 21 whose product has no similarity to any known protein and is of unknown function. Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have revealed high human CYYR1 expression in cells belonging to the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES). These cells may be the origin of neuroendocrine (NE) tumors. The aim of this study was to conduct an initial analysis of sequence, splicing and expression of the CYYR1 mRNA in human NE tumors.