Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fertilization to increase and sustain tree growth in coniferous stands in Sweden

Intensified forest management practices, together with the deposition of air pollutants, have considerable potential implications for silviculture. These factors influence N availability in soil and also cause soil acidification, involving reductions in the levels of plant-available base cations. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to evaluate the need for compensatory additions of other nutrients apart from N, from a forest yield perspective, after whole-tree harvesting and N fertilization, focusing on Swedish conditions but including also some studies from Finland and Norway. All studies were undertaken in field experiments on mineral soils, representing a wide range of site conditions. Stem growth and nutrient concentrations in needles were assessed in closedcanopy Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands. Whole-tree harvesting in thinnings reduced stem growth (by 5-10% on average) for at least 10 years. These growth reductions were counteracted fully by adding inorganic Nfertilizer and, thus, there was no need for additions of other nutrients. The stem growth responses to additions of wood ash without N were small and variable, and not statistically significant at any of the studied experimental sites. Experiments at a large set of experimental sites previously subjected to repeated N fertilizations showed that the addition of nutrients other than N generally had negligible effects on the short-term (4-15 years) growth response. Furthermore, it was concluded that N fertilization, with the addition of B, generally did not cause any serious long-term (20-30 years) nutrient deficiencies in trees, even after substantial N additions.
Viscoelastic liquid curtains

Antoine Gaillard, Luc Lebon , Henri Lhuissier, Laurent Limat, and Julien Beaumont 1 Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Diderot and CNRS, UMR7057, Batiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75013 Paris, France. 2 Institut Universitaire des Systèmes Thermiques Industriels (IUSTI), Université de Provence et CNRS, UMR 7343, Technopôle de Château-Gombert, 5 rue Enrico Fermi, F-13453 Marseille cedex 13, France. Saint-Gobain Recherche, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, F-93300 Aubervilliers, France. Corresponding author: luc.lebon@univ-paris-diderot.fr
Study of body condition scores and its relationship with various body measurements in Murrah buffalo

A total of 30 Murrah buffaloes of 1 to 5 parity Were selected and distributed into three different groups based on their pre-calving BCS (before 2 months of expected date of calving) namely BCS group L (<3.0), BCS group M (3-4) and BCS group H (4.0 and above). Parameters observed during the study period were body condition scores, body measurements (Height at wither, Height at chest from ground, Chest girth, Abdominal girth). Results of this study revealed that body condition score, body measurements were significantly (P<0.05) higher in BCS group H as compared to BCS group L and M throughout the study period (2 months precalving and 6 months postcalving). The results of this study showed that the body measurement (HW, HC, AG, HG) differs significantly among the different BCS groups i.e. highest value exhibited by the animals in BCS group H as compared to group M and L in terms of AG, HG and HW while the HC found to be highest in the group L this might happen due the less fat deposition in the animals of BCS group L. Results of correlation study showed a positive relationship between BCS and AG, HG and HW and a negative correlation with HC.
Medicinal plants diversity in Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling wildlife reserve, Riau, Indonesia

Documentation of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants from people live in remote areas plays an important role in preserving local wisdom and culture. The objectives of this study were to explore the diversity of medicinal plants and to produce documentation on indigenous knowledge from people living in the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve. Data on medicinal plants were obtained based on interviews with 20 respondents from two villages. Collection of plant specimens was done for species identification. Results showed that there were 63 species from 38 families used as traditional medicine. Part of plants most widely used for treatment of illness or health problems was leaves. Decoction and maceration were two methods mainly used for preparing herbal recipes. The most common mode of oral administration was by drinking the potion of herbal recipes, whereas topical administration was generally done by rubbing the herbal poultice on the affected body parts.
MICROBIAL XYLANASES AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AS WELL AS FUTURE PERSPECTIVES: A REVIEW

Xylan is the most abundant and principal type of hemicellulose. It is a linear polymer of β-D xylopyranosyl units linked by (1–4) glycosidic bonds. Xylanases are most predominantly present in plant cell walls and are produced by different kinds of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoans and some yeast. Cellulase-free xylanases are important in pulp biobleaching as alternatives to the use of toxic chlorinated compounds because of the environmental hazards and diseases caused by the release of the adsorbable organic halogens. Xylanases has a wide range of applications in pulp and paper, food, animal feed, textiles and pharmaceuticals. In this review, we have focused on the studies of structural composition of xylan, sources of xylanases, production of xylanases and their potential industrial applications.
Assessment of heavy metal in the water, sediment, and two edible fish species of Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration, India with special emphasis on human health risk

ABSTRACT The city of Jamshedpur, nicknamed the “industrial capital of Jharkhand,” is one of the oldest industrial settlements in India, nestled amidst the mineral-rich Chota Nagpur plateau, with its diverse tribal population. Heavy metal contamination from industrialization and urbanization can pose a serious health risk to the resident population of the city. Metal concentrations in water and sediment of various water bodies (rivers, canals, and lakes) were determined using ICP-MS. Pollution indices indicate heavy metal contamination at Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration, mainly because of Cr (23–1111.6 mg/kg), Hg (0.08–4.11 mg/kg), and Pb (5.2–248 mg/kg). Labeo rohita and Punitus sarara, the two popular edible fishes, also have high concentration of Cr, Hg, and Pb. Health risk to human population due to consumption of metal contaminated edible fishes (L. rohita and P. sarara) was determined by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). THQ value of fish consumption (most popular protein supplement in the area) was found higher for Cr and Pb when compared with previous literature on fish consumption. Also, HI value ranged from 1.4 to 3.9, suggesting that the children have higher health risks than adults, due to consumption of metal contaminated fishes (especially L. rohita).
New exact results for the e'ective electric, elastic, piezoelectric and other properties of composite ellipsoid assemblages

In this paper we present a uni1ed treatment of composite ellipsoid assemblages in the setting of uncoupled phenomena like conductivity and elasticity and coupled phenomena like thermoelectricity and piezomagnetoelectricity. The building block of this microgeometry is a confocal ellipsoidal particle consisting of a (possibly void) core and a coating. All space is 1lled up with such units which have di'erent sizes but possess the same aspect ratios. The confocal ellipsoids may have the same orientation in space or may be randomly oriented. The resulting microgeometry simulates two-phase composites in which the reinforcing components are short 1bers or elongated particles. Our main interest is in obtaining information of an exact nature on the e'ective moduli of this microgeometry whose e'ective tensor symmetry structure depends on the packing mode of the coated ellipsoids. This information will sometimes be complete like the full e'ective thermoelectric tensor of an assemblage which contains aligned ellipsoids in which the coating is isotropic and the core is arbitrarily anisotropic. In the majority of the cases however the maximum achievable exact information will be only partial and will appear in the form of certain exact relations between the e'ective moduli of the microgeometry. These exact relations are obtained from exact solutions for the 1elds in the microstructure for a certain set of loading conditions. In all the considered cases an isotropic coating can be combined with a fully arbitrary core. This covers the most important physical case of anisotropic 1bers in an isotropic matrix. Allowing anisotropy in the coating requires the ful1llment of certain constraint conditions between its moduli. Even though in this case the presence of such constraint conditions may render the anisotropic coating material hypothetical, the value of the derived solutions remains since they still provide benchmark comparisons for approximate and numerical treatments. The remarkable feature of the general analysis which covers all treated uncoupled and coupled ∗Corresponding author. Tel. : +972-36407297; fax: +972-36407617. E-mail addresses: benben@eng.tau. ac.il (Y. Benveniste), milton@math.utah. edu (G.W. Milton). 0022-5096/03/$ see front matter ? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0022-5096(03)00074-7 1774 Y. Benveniste, G.W. Milton / J. Mech. Phys. Solids 51 (2003) 1773–1813 phenomena is that it is developed solely on the basis of potential solutions of the conduction problem in the same microgeometry. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Country-specific institutional effects on non-financial disclosure level: Evidence from European listed banks

This study investigates the relationship between disclosure level of GRI-compliant non-financial statements, provided to conform with the Directive 2014/95/EU, and cross-country societal variables (Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, political and civil systems, legal system and level of economic development) of the European listed banks, using the political economic theory. It analyzes the banks listed in the stock markets of 18 European countries for 2016-2018. The data was collected from the BvD BankFocus database, selecting 134 bank-year observations. A disclosure index based on the GRI framework compliant to the Directive was determined to measure the non-financial reporting disclosure. The findings, partially consistent with the previous literature, show for the banks a significant negative influence of power distance, masculinity, indulgence, the legal system, and level of economic development on the non-financial disclosure. Moreover, the results evidence a significant positive association between individualism, long-term orientation, indulgence, and political and civil system on the non-financial disclosure level. This study contributes to the international debate on how the socio-cultural-economic institutional factors affect non-financial disclosure expectations in the banking sector. Furthermore, understanding the effect of cross-country societal factors on NFR disclosure under EUD might benefit managers when implementing social and environmental strategies in all socio-cultural institutional settings. It might help regulators and policy-makers when adopting new legislation and making reforms dealing with social and environmental laws.
THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESS IN THE PYROLYSIS ZONE OF A TWO-STAGE DOWNDRAFT GASIFICATION PROCESS KITIPONG JAOJARUEK

This work developed a mathematical model to predict the temperature profile in pyrolysis zone, combustion temperature, feedstock feed rate and φ of the KU-KPS two-stage downdraft gasification process using wood chip as feedstock. Thermochemical concepts were applied to derive the energy and mass balance equations composed of chemical kinetic and three modes of heat transfer; conduction, convection and radiation. The feedstock was treated as a porous medium. The equations were solved by implicit finite difference method on the node of 200 and conversion criteria of 10 -6 . Experiments were also conducted to validate the model results. The validation results showed that the maximum temperature deviation between model and experiment was 62°C at the combustion temperature of 790°C while for the feed stock feed rate it had a deviation of 0.94 kg/h at the rate of 14.7kg/h. The experimental uncertainty was also analysed based on 95% level of confidence. The total experimental uncertainty of temperature and feedstock feed rate were 72 o C and 0.95 kg/h, respectively.
Estimation of suspended sediment rate by double correlation method in Mouillah basin, North-West of Algeria

The study deals with the assessment of the solid transport in the wadi Mouillah watershed (Tafna, Algeria). Sediment transport is a complex phenomenon. The quantity of sediment transported is very important, and it fills in the reservoirs. The scale is out of proportion in semiarid areas. Algeria is one of the most affected countries by this phenomenon. A simple method, based on average discharges, easy to implement, has been developed for estimating the sediment yield using double correlation method (a first one between liquid discharge – solid concentration and a second one between solid flow – concentration). It is based on hydrometric data (liquid flow, concentrations and sediment discharges) with applications analysis on seasonal and annual scales for data’s of Sidi Belkheir station at the outlet of the wadi Mouillah watershed (North-West of Algeria). The obtained results by the application of this method are very encouraging because of the quite significant correlation coefficients found (≥59% for the first correlation and ≥88% for the second correlation). The watershed of Mouillah produces between 43 730 and 56 410 Mg·y as suspended sediment load against 48.56∙10 to 53.3∙10 m·y of liquid intake.
Effect of different dietary oil sources of omega- 3 poly unsaturated fatty acids on the meat quality characteristics in Japanese quail

A feeding trial was conducted in Japanese quail broiler birds for a period of five weeks to study the effect of various inclusion levels of feed ingredients rich in omega-3 fatty acids to meatquality characteristics. 360 numbers of day old Japanese quail chicks were selected and distributed randomly into six treatment groups (T1-PO 4%; T2 LO 4%:T3 LO 3% + SO 1%; T4 LO 2% +SO 2%; T5 LO 1% + SO 3%; T6 SO 4%). Six replicates of ten birds (6 x 10 = 60) were maintained in each treatment. The Japanese quail broiler rations were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. The source of omega-3 rich oils and their combinations are the key variable in these rations. The birds were slaughtered by Halal method at the end of the experiment on 35th day. There is no significant difference (P>0.05) in the dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and total ash content in the Japanese quail meat fed with different sources oil and its combination. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed on pH, shear force value, water holding capacity and colour of breast meat of Japanese quail fed with different oil sources rich in omega-3 fatty acids. The sensory evaluation of the breast meat of Japanese quail fed with different oil sources rich in omega-3 fatty acids had significant (P
Holsteins in Puerto Rico : I . Influence of Herd , Year , Age , and Season on Performance

T he effects of herd , year, age, season, and their in teractions on milk a nd fat yield, fat percent, days in mil k, days d ry, and days opr'n for p urebred and high grade Holsteins in a tropical envi ronment were determined by analys is of variance using DHIA records fro m Puerto Rico . There were 33,950 records for calvings from 1967 to 1973 in 62 herds. Herd effects were significant (P < .05) fo r a ll trai ts, but seasonal effects were significant only for milk yield, fat yield , and days open. Va ria tion among herds significantly influenced all tra its except milk yield. Age of calving affected a ll trai10 except lacta tion length and days open. A number of the interact,ions were also significant. The stat istical model explained 39, 40, 24, 17. 13 and 12 % of the total variation in milk yield, fat yield, fat percent, lactation length, days dry , and days open, respectively. Total variances were 12, 900,000 lb 2 for milk yield and 15,000 lb 2 for fat yield, which are comparable to those for temperate areas. It is concl uded that the factors affeclmg the performance of Holsteins in P uerto Rico do not differ ma rked ly from those in tem perate countries . T he total variation appears large enough to permit se lection for h igher m ilk and fat yields . As in tem perate regions, length of lactat ion, length of dry period, and tinw of rebreeding (days open) a re largely infl uenced by decisions made on the part of herd owners.
Effect of Bacterial Community and Free Amino Acids on the Content of Biogenic Amines During Fermentation of Yu-lu, a Chinese Fermented Fish Sauce

ABSTRACT The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of bacterial community and free amino acids on the content of biogenic amines in Yu-lu during fermentation. Four major biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine) were identified, and the content of tyramine was positively correlated with histamine (R value = 0.9113). Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, leucine, and lysine were the dominant free amino acids. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the composition of the bacterial community changed significantly during fermentation of Yu-lu. Principal component analysis revealed the crucial links between microbial community and biogenic amines. For example, Halanaerobium was probably associated with the formation of putrescine, while Halomonas might be associated with the degradation of biogenic amines at the end of fermentation of Yu-lu. This study provided a detailed evaluation of the Yu-lu fermentation process, enabling development of better strategies for biogenic amine control in fish sauce.
Pulsed Power Production of Ozone in 02/N2 iin a Coaxial Reactor without Dielectric Layer

Very short duration pulsed streamer discharges have been used to produce ozone in a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen at atmospheric pressure. The ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the mixture was varied in the range from 2.510.5 to 0.5/2.5, while maintaining a total flow rate of 3 lr'min. The production of ozone was found to be higher for a specific mixture ratio of N2/02 than that in oxygen or in dry air. The production of ozone in 02 was higher than that in dry air, The production yield of ozone (gkWh) increased with decreasing nitrogen in the 02/Nz mixture. It has been found that the peak of the streamer discharge current decreased with time after application of the pulsed power. This decrease in the current corresponded with the increase in the ozone production and is attributed to the loss of electrons in the discharge current due to their attachment to ozone to form negative ions.
Quantifying Social Biases in Contextual Word Representations

Contextual word embeddings such as BERT have achieved state of the art performance in numerous NLP tasks. Since they are optimized to capture the statistical properties of training data, they tend to pick up on and amplify social stereotypes present in the data as well. In this study, we (1) propose a template-based method to quantify bias in BERT; (2) show that this method obtains more consistent results in capturing social biases than the traditional co-sine based method; and (3) conduct a case study, evaluating gender bias in a downstream task of Gender Pronoun Resolution. Although our case study focuses on gender bias, the proposed technique is generalizable to unveiling other biases, including in multiclass settings, such as racial and religious biases.
Organisational commitment among public and private sector professionals

Public sector workers are partly portrayed as highly motivated and with relatively altruistic values, and partly as lazy and opportunistic. This paper compares the level of organisational commitment in professional groups mainly employed in the private sector on the one hand (e.g., journalists, business administration graduates) with public sector professions (e.g., social workers and teachers) on the other. Data come from a sample of people who graduated from Norwegian university colleges in 2001 and who responded to a survey in 2003. It turns out to be considerable variation among the public sector professions, with the highest commitment among teachers and the lowest among nurses, but no systematic difference between the sectors. I also examine to what extent differences among groups can be explained as a function of the rewards people feel they receive in their jobs and of the importance (value) they attach to the various rewards. Special attention is given to the hypothesis of an interaction effect between values and rewards, implying that the more important an individual considers a given reward to be, the stronger the impact of that reward on organisational commitment. The analyses indicate that some of the group differences in commitment are due to corresponding differences in job rewards, but this holds only to a very limited extent. The hypothesis of values-rewards interactions is rejected. It is noteworthy that although the effects of some job rewards differ among the groups, these variations are not captured by the value measures. This may indicate that the processes involved in the formation of commitment attitudes are more complex and less rational than assumed in much of the literature. Arbeidsnotat nr.5/2004 1 Organisational commitment among public and private sector
Cylinder oscillations beneath a free-surface

This investigation considers the wake states of a cylinder oscillating beneath a free-surface. The primary consi are the variation of the forces on the cylinder and the structure of the near wake with the frequency of oscillation depth of submergence of the cylinder. The fully submerged oscillating cylinder exhibits two distinctly different wake lowand high-frequency. As the cylinder approaches the free-surface many of the characteristics of these wake stat Notably, for both the free-surface and fully submerged cases, the transition between the two states corresponds to the phase of the lift force, a shift in the phase of vortex shedding and a distinct change in the structure of the near w mean vorticity fields show that as the cylinder approaches the free surface the changes in the oscillating cylinder generally consistent with those observed for a stationary cylinder. Close to the free-surface both the lowand high-f wakes become non-symmetric, as does the stationary cylinder wake; and in all cases there is a net negative lift for cylinder.  2003 Published by Elsevier SAS.