Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of tumor size on prognosis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma smaller than 2 cm

Benefits of subdividing small-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (sDTC) by tumor size are controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether tumor size is associated with prognosis of sDTC. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception to September 2018. The identified studies according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria were analyzed using fixed/random-effects models. Data were calculated and results of the meta-analysis were expressed as odd ratio (OR). sDTC was classified as S1 (≤1 cm) and S2 (>1 cm and ≤2 cm). A systematic analysis was performed to compare the difference of recurrence, survival and clinicopathological factors between the two subgroups of sDTC (S1 vs. S2). A total of 21 studies published between 2004 and 2017 enrolling 219,291 patients were included. Findings showed that, S2 was associated with higher recurrence risk compared with S1 (OR=1.575, 95% CI=1.428–1.738; P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in survival between S1 and S2, but significant statistical heterogeneity (OR=1.160, 95% CI=0.810–1.662; P=0.448; I2=75.8%). Meta-regression analysis revealed publication year potentially caused the heterogeneity (P<0.05). Comparison of small papillary thyroid carcinoma alone agreed with the results of sDTC. T1b increased the risk of recurrence (OR=1.520; 95% CI=1.072–2.155; P<0.05) and death (OR=1.504; 95% CI 1.353–1.672; P<0.05) compared with T1a. S2 associated with extrathyroidal extension (OR=2.575; 95% CI=1.603–4.135; P<0.05), bilaterality (OR=2.278; 95% CI=1.905–2.723; P<0.05), vascular invasion (OR=4.494; 95% CI=2.812–7.183; P<0.05) and lymph node metastases (OR=1.12; 95% CI=1.10–1.14; P<0.05). Our analysis suggested it is necessary to subdivide sDTC into S1 and S2 owing to their different effects on prognosis, especially recurrence.
The Labor Market Value of Non-Cognitive Skills Kadeem Noray

In the last half-century, a large academic literature has emerged documenting the empirical re-lationship between non-cognitive skills and labor market outcomes. In this paper, I review this literature, putting emphasis on new work in economics. The literature provides overwhelming evidence that non-cognitive skills (e.g. internal locus of control, social skills, motivation, etc.) are associated with, and likely cause, labor market success. Furthermore, I summarize a growing literature that documents the rising value of non-cognitive skills relative to cognitive skills, especially post 2000, and that, due to the nature technological change, this trend is likely to continue. Finally, I document two shortcomings of the literature: (1) no study has successfully isolated the causal effect of non-cognitive skills training in a developed country and (2) very little is known about the value of signaling non-cognitive skills to employers.
New Symmetries and Particular Solutions for 2D Black-Scholes Model∗

Starting from a general second order differential equation, the Lie symmetry analysis of the 2D Black-Scholes model for option pricing is performed. The corresponding Lie algebra is identified and the algorithm for constructing exact (invariant) solutions under one-dimensional and two-dimensional subalgebras of this Lie algebra is illustrated. By applying the inverse symmetry problem, more general 2D models equivalent, as symmetry group, with Black-Scholes or Jacobs-Jones ones, are pointed out. PACS: 05.45. -a; 89.65. Gh; 02.20. Tw
15N natural abundance of vascular rainforest epiphytes: Implications for nitrogen source and acquisition

The foliar natural abundance of N was analysed to compare the potential nitrogen sources of vascular rainforest epiphytes and associated soil‐rooted trees. Leaves of epiphytes collected from six rainforest communities in Brazil, Australia and the Solomon Islands were depleted in N relative to the trees at each site. Epiphyte δN was as low as ‐6.4%, while trees were generally enriched in N (0.7 to 3.5%). These results indicate either that epiphytes use nitrogen sources depleted in N or that discrimination against N is an intrinsic function of epiphyte physiology. At three sites, epiphytes could be grouped into those having both low δN and low leaf‐nitrogen content and those possessing both high δN and high leaf‐nitrogen content. The second group had δN values in the range sometimes attributable to N fixation (‐2 to 0%o). There was no correlation between growth form and δN. It is concluded that epiphytes may utilize N‐depleted nitrogen from atmospheric deposition and N fixation. Copyright
Insights into the application of risk tools and techniques by construction project managers

Abstract This study analyses the practical application of risk management tools by project managers in their construction projects. Using a grounded theory approach we applied purposive sampling to select 25 Australian construction project managers to identify tools utilised to analyse risk and tool preferences. Themes were developed though analysis of the in-depth interviews using QSR-NVivo11. The results indicate that the most common methods are within the look-up and supporting methods categories, followed by the evaluation and scenario methods. There is poor utilisation of statistical methods, due to the uniqueness of projects, the lack of data and time pressure on projects. The results were consistent across project managers; irrespective of project size, type of organisation or experience. However, more experienced project managers rely less on evaluation tools. The research provides evidence that many of the tools promoted by the risk standards/associations do not seem to reflect current project manager practice. The implication is that more effort should be given to appreciating the risk tools that are appropriate for projects and the importance of transferring and spreading experience among PMs.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS Pragya Garg 1 1Research Scholar, ShriVenkateshwara University, Gajrola, Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Umesh Chandra Kapri 2Research Guide, Assistant Professor, Gold Field College of Education, Faridabad, Haryana, India. Emotionally intelligent teachers can produce emotionally intelligent citizens. A teacher who is able to carry out reasoning with regard to emotions and uses emotions to enhance reasoning will succeed in developing the emotional intelligence of pupils. An emotionally competent teacher is the heart and soul of any educational programme. A comparative study was conducted on 240 teachers selected randomly from 16 Secondary schools located in Faridabad district of Haryana. The data were collected with the help of Teacher’s Emotional Intelligence Inventory developed By Shubhra Mangal. This inventory consists 200 items of four factors awareness of self and others, professional orientation, intra-personal management or self-regulation and inter-personal management. The data collected was analysed by using statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation and t-test. The study revealed that there is no significant difference between the male and female teachers’ emotional intelligence working in secondary schools but there is significant difference between the emotional intelligence of the teachers working in Private and Government Secondary schools located at Faridabad district of Haryana state.
Nitrate leaching and N2-fixation in grasslands of different composition, age and management

Grass-legume associations may offer a way of improving the N efficiency of dairy farming, but may also have an adverse impact on the environment by increasing leaching losses. Nitrate leaching from four cropping sequences with different grassland frequency and management (long-term grazed, long-term cut, cereals followed by 1 and 2-year grazed leys) were investigated on a loamy sand in central Jutland for both unfertilized grass-clover (perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)/white clover (Trifolium repens L.)) and fertilized perennial ryegrass (300 kg N/ha) swards during 1997–2002. Furthermore, 1 year (2001) of N2 fixation in 1-, 2- and 8-year-old grass-clover pastures was determined. Nitrate leaching from grazed unfertilized grass-clover was always considerably lower than from grazed fertilized ryegrass. The effect of grassland age on nitrate leaching was insignificant in grass-clover but clear in grazed ryegrass, where levels increased dramatically with sward age. In production years 6–8, leaching from grass-clover was only 9–13% of the comparable losses from ryegrass. Under the cutting regime grass-clover showed a significant reduction in both yield and N-removal with increasing sward age, whereas for ryegrass these figures did not show any decreasing trend. N2 fixation was lower in 8-year-old swards compared with fully established 2-year-old swards as a consequence of lower dry matter production, lower clover content and a lower proportion of clover-N derived from the atmosphere. The results from the present study indicate that the higher leaching losses observed in fertilized grass compared with unfertilized grass-clover systems were caused by (1) a reduction in N2-fixation in grass-clover over time and (2) a reduction in dry matter production in grass-clover over time, lowering the grazing intensity and the recycling of grassland N via animal excreta.
ACUPRESURE 14 POINT TO MOTORIC EXTREMITY ON STROKE NON HEMORAGIC PATIENTS IN STROKE CENTER

BACKGROUND: Acupressure is one form of holistic therapy that can improve brain tissue perfusion performed to improve motor function in stroke patients. Acupressure is a noninvasive method whose principle of action is based on the principle of acupuncture. In traditional Chinese medicine, acupressure has been used for the rehabilitation of upper extremities at Post-stroke patients with hemiplegia and hemiparesis.
Approximations of electromagnetic eigenproblems: a general proof of convergence for edge finite elements of any order of both Nedelec’s families

In this paper we prove that the Galerkin finite element approximations of electromagnetic eigenproblems modelling cavity resonators by elements of any fixed order of either Nedelec’s edge element family on tetrahedral meshes are convergent and free of spurious solutions. This result will be proved under very general hypotheses: topologically complicated geometries and inhomogenous anisotropic and discontinuous material properties are allowed. Moreover, the mixed boundary conditions introduced to exploit possible symmetries of actual cavity resonators are permitted, as well. Hence, almost all electromagnetic eigenproblems of practical interest are covered. As a byproduct, well known properties that are crucial for the good behaviour of a finite element (e.g. discrete compactness) are proved, under the above general assumptions, for the elements considered in this paper.
Media Reporting of Suicide: A Comparative Framing Analysis of Malaysian Newspapers

In the next ten years, suicide is expected to emerge as the second highest cause of death in Malaysia. The World Health Organization cautions that media coverage of suicide could either heighten the incidences of suicide or generate a protective effect through responsible media reporting. In light of the role of media, and how the reach of mainstream articles is amplified through new media, the need to study suicide reporting is imperative. This study employed a quantitative framing analysis on suicide-related articles that were published in The Star, Kosmo, Sin Chiew Daily and Malaysia Nanban, newspaper dailies with the largest circulation in their respective languages and representative of major ethnic groups in Malaysia. Suicide-related articles for a 5-year period from 2013 to 2018 were studied to ascertain the extent of coverage, frames and sources used in the articles. There was a marked difference in the number of articles published by these dailies with The Star and Sin Chiew Daily having the highest and Kosmo, the lowest. The number of articles in Sin Chiew Daily show a declining trend whereas there is an increase in Nanban. The most common frame of the reporting was the method of suicide which included details of the methods used by victims. The source of information was predominantly from the authorities, namely the police. Only a limited number of articles mentioned mental health professionals and sources of help—content that could be helpful to readers. In this regard, the focus on suicide methods indicates a lack of adherence to suicide reporting guidelines recommended by several international suicide prevention organisations. Thus, findings of this study could be used to raise awareness on media reporting practices and appeal for more sensitive and positive reporting.
Changes in population structure of the white grouper Epinephelus aeneus as a result of long-term overexploitation in Senegalese waters

In Senegal, a significant decrease in catches indicates that many demersal fish stocks are being overexploited. The white grouper Epinephelus aeneus, locally known as the ‘thiof’, is exploited by both small-scale and industrial fisheries. A 28-year database of E. aeneus catches along the Senegalese coast provided by the Centre for Oceanographic Research of Dakar-Thiaroye, and size at maturity measured in Dakar (Senegal) from monthly samples in 2010, were used to analyse changes in population structure in the area over the past 37 years. Catches from the northern fishing areas were lower than those from the southern fishing areas, and decreased steadily during the period (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, D = 0.243, p = 0.0002). The individual mean weight of catches decreased from 1974 to 2010 (linear regression, r 2 = 0.40, n = 37) and only 60% of the individuals were mature. The calculated sizes at maturity were 49 cm total length (TL) for females and 55 cm for males, and the optimal length of capture for a sustainable fishery was 96 cm, but only 0.03% of E. aeneus caught reached this length. Most of the catch consisted of juveniles; the larger reproductive individuals had disappeared. The number of individuals caught decreased significantly between 1974 and 2010 (1974–1983, r 2 = 0.98, n = 74 674; 1984–1993, r 2 = 0.95, n = 96 696; 1994–2003, r 2 = 0.93, n = 12 619; 2004–2010, r 2 = 0.91, n = 12 887), whereas the length range remained the same (10–110 cm TL). Biological indicators clearly showed that E. aeneus stocks in Senegal are overexploited and the species is now endangered. Immediate active management of fishing pressure is needed, therefore, to maintain E. aeneus populations in the area. Our results suggest a minimum size of <50 cm should be introduced and that fishing effort should be reduced.
Factors associated with default from TB treatment among tuberculosis patients in Busia County

Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in many tropical countries, including Kenya. Defaulting from treatment has been an obstacle to treatment management control. Inability to complete the prescribed regimen is quite common in self-administered treatment and an important cause for treatment failure, relapses, acquired drug resistance and on-going transmission of infection. The objective was to determine factors associated with default from TB treatment in Busia County. A Crosssectional descriptive study was conducted on 249 patients; sequential enrolment was conducted of TB patients collecting drugs within Busia County. The data was then converted to Stata 13 for futher analysis. Descriptive statistics was used in the form of frequencies, tables, charts and graphs. To assess the association, Chi-square tests (𝝌𝟐) , t-test (for numerical variables) was used. Association was further tested using regression models; I carried out a univariate analysis on all the indicator variables and checked for statistical significance at 95% confidence intervals. Out of 249 study participants, 17 % (42) were defaulters and 83 % (207) were non-defaulters and males were 61% (152) while females were 39% (98). The characteristics that were statistically significant were history of alcohol consumption (OR 3.20; 95% CI 1.50 to 6.84 and P value 0.003), history and quantity of cigarette smoking (OR 3.20; 95% CI 1.50 to 6.84 and P value 0.001),vomiting (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.06 to 4.06 and P value 0.033) and nausea (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.01 to 3.89 and P value 0.046) as side effects experienced during taking TB drugs and taking TB drugs before meals (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.01 to 3.89 and P value 0.043). Adherence to TB treatment in Busia County is a behavioral issue involving patient factors; alcohol intake, health care poor attitude and cigarette smoking that were most cited reasons for default, side effects were also cited to be a reason for defaulting like vomiting and nausea. Measures on patient behavioral indicators and maintenance of an effective communication channel between health facilities and patients during the treatment more focus on healthcare motivation, training and track patients on their intensive phase of treatment is recommended.
Analysing students’ written products in response to a TEM4 integrated task

As integrated tasks are used in more and more testing contexts, it is necessary to investigate how test-takers approach such tasks. The present study aims to explore how English majors in the sophomore year perform in their written products in response to an interated task in TEM4. Analyses were conducted from the perspective of discource features, idea coverage the summary and the origin of ideas in the argement. Results showed that the two proficiency groups significantly differed only in grammatical accuracy, there were no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the other features: fluency and lexical sophistication. Besides, the two groups did not differ significantly in idea coverage in the summary, ideas used in the argument, ideas borrowed or ideas generated. The current study has implication for classroom teaching and test score interpretation. Directions for future research were recommended at last.
How does reimbursement status affect smoking cessation interventions? A real-life experience from the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey

INTRODUCTION In the last decade, outpatient smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) in Turkey have been extended countrywide. Initially, only counseling was covered under health insurance. In 2011 and 2015, free varenicline and bupropion preparations were distributed to SCCs, periodically. In the current study we aimed to compare outcomes between the free and paid medication periods. METHODS Patients applied to the local SCC in a secondary health care unit between June 2014 and June 2017. They were evaluated for SC interventions and had phone visits after their third month; these records were included in the study. Patients were grouped and evaluated according to medication’s reimbursement status: free medication period (FP) and paid medication period (PMP). RESULTS In total, 733 patients applied to the SCC, 77.7% of them had applied during the FP. Analyses were made involving 417 patients who had records of third-month phone visit. Mean age of the patients was 44.0±13.7 years with the majority of patients (65%) being male. Sociodemographic characteristics of patients in both groups were not statistically different, while the percentage of patients with comorbid diseases was lower in the FP group (p<0.05). Treatment choices were different— the bupropion-prescribed group’s rate was similar in both periods (53.5% in PMP vs 52.0% in FP), however varenicline was mostly prescribed in the FP (35.8% vs 14.1%) while nicotine replacement therapy was mostly prescribed in the PMP (32.4% vs 12.1%) (p<0.05). Patients who used the advised treatment for at least 30 days (treatment adherent) and the rate of quitters at the third month were higher in FP (p<0.05) from univariate analysis, however these differences were not statistically significant when a multivariate analysis was performed. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the free medication period increased the quit attempts but the increased in treatment adherence and quit success of the participating smokers was not obvious.
Osteological Atlas of the Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Nova Scotia Waters: A Morphological and Biometric Study (Curatorial Report #100)

This study presents the first complete description of the skeleton of the brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) with precise hand drawings of individual bones and of some osteological units. _____________________________________________________________________ Please note: This resource is presented as originally published. The content of older reports may not reflect the current state of knowledge on the topic documented. Please be aware of this when using this resource.
Improving input-output conformance testing theories

important concern in software development, as a consequence of the ever-ascending trend of using software system in critical systems. Testing as a technique for establishing a certain level of software quality has received much attention in the past decades. Model-based testing is a structured approach to testing. Using modelbased testing the process of generating testcases and predicting the correct outcome of testcases can be mechanized. By using rigorous models for system behavior, model-based testing is formalized in terms of a mathematical notion of conformance. Input-output conformance (ioco) is a wide ly-s tud ied and commonly-used conformance relation.
Visualizing Sets and Set-typed Data: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges

A variety of data analysis problems can be modelled by defining multiple sets over a collection of elements and analyzing the relations between these sets. Despite their simple concept, visualizing sets is a non-trivial problem due to the large number of possible relations between them. We provide a systematic overview of state-of-the-art techniques for visualizing different kinds of set relations. We classify these techniques into 7 main categories according to the visual representations they use and the tasks they support. We compare the categories to provide guidance for choosing an appropriate technique for a given problem. Finally, we identify challenges in this area that need further research and propose possible directions to address with these challenges.
Vegetation history of Orkney, Scotland; pollen records from two small basins in west Mainland

summary Pollen analysis was carried cut on sediment sequences from two small basins situated 6 km apart in the hills of west Mainland, Orkney, At both sites, vegetation development from the late glacial until after the arrival of Neolithic people is recorded. An initial late glacial heath, interrupted by a herbaceous phase indicating the Younger Dryas, was replaced by tallherb and grassland vegetation. The Saksunarvatn ash layer was recorded, coinciding with the arrival of Corylus avellana in the islands at around 9.2 ka BP. Extensive woodland developed at about 8000 yr BP, predominantly Betula–Coryhus with Salix, alnus glutinosa. Quercus and Pinus sylvestris occasionally present. The woodland was locally affected by Mesolithic human activity and finally lost at around 5kaBP, partly as a consequence of Neolithic human activity. Mire development was actively proceeding in both basins after the woodland decline. The records illustrate the importance of human activity in the development of the treeless, varied landscape seen in Orkney today.