Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WHITENING AND COLOR IMPROVING IN TOILET SOAP MANUFACTURE WITH THE STUDY OF SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Soap is one of the most effectual cleaning agents in water. Soaps are prepared by the process of saponification reaction. Sodium and potassium salts soap is used for both laundry and antiseptic purposes. Toilet soap is the perfumery and cosmetic product and serves for personal hygiene, so it should have the broadest possible range of specific characteristics. This study was undertaking to address the raw material in soap and method of saponification and manufacturing usage. The study was also conducted some of the physical and chemical properties such as: (pH, Total dissolve solids (TDS), free alkali, saponification valueof toilet soaps). The study revealed that soapbleaching is usually done to improve color, remove impurities and improve taste. Sodium chloride and sodium silicate were used as bleaching chemicals as well as improving the color the toilet soapmanufacture.
Hierarchical Decision-Making for Qualification Management in Wafer Fabs: A Simulation Study

A qualification management problem arising in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities (wafer fabs) is discussed. The stepper equipment needs to be qualified to process lots that belong to different families. Stepper- and family dependent qualification time windows exist. Time windows can be reinitialized if required and can be extended by on-time processing of lots from qualified families. A hierarchical approach is proposed. The base-level provides a dispatching strategy that takes into account qualification decisions, while the mid-level consists of a mixed integer linear program (MILP) for making qualification decisions. The top-level comprises a linear program (LP) that computes target quantities for the families on the steppers in each period of the planning window taking into account fab-wide objectives. In addition to an LP formulation with conventional capacity constraints, we provide a formulation where clearing functions are used to represent the congestion of the wafer fab. We also discuss how to anticipate the behavior of the mid-level on the top-level. Results of simulation experiments where the hierarchical approach is applied in a rolling horizon manner demonstrate that the LP-based approaches outperform a heuristic to determine the target quantities. Among the LP formulations, the ones with clearing functions perform best. We also demonstrate the value of anticipation. Note to Practitioners—A hierarchical approach is designed to decide when tools in wafer fabs have to be qualified for a certain lot family. Qualification-related decisions are highly relevant because qualifications are costly and take a lot of time. The top-level determines target quantities for each family based on linear programming. The mid-level is formed by a MILP. A dispatching scheme to implement the qualification decisions provides the base-level. The hierarchical approach is assessed in a rolling horizon setting using a simulation model of a 200mm wafer fab. The benefit of the different levels of the hierarchy is demonstrated by simulation experiments.
Epidemiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis relapse cases in the city of Butembo east of the democratic republic of Congo

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance to the treatment of Tuberculosis is of growing concern around the world. The aim of this work was to determine the frequency and epidemiological factors of Tuberculosis relapse in Butembo town. Method: This descriptive study covered the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015. The research data were collected from the quarterly reports of the Tuberculosis Screening and Treatment Centers (TCSCs) in Butembo City. Data analysis was performed using Chi square, Odds Ratio and Linear Regression tests. Result: In a cohort of 4881 patients followed up for pulmonary tuberculosis in Butembo town, the frequency of Tuberculosis relapses was 1.78%. This frequency had an annual downward trend of -0.134%. The mortality rate for Tuberculosis relapses was 10%. History of alcohol and tobacco, associated morbidities such as HIV AIDS, malnutrition and diabetes were found to be significant risk factors for TB relapse. The onset of TB relapses was significantly dependent on the patients' profession. Conclusion: The trend of relapse cases is decreasing in Butembo City. This is in agreement with WHO's goals of reversing the epidemiological trend of Tuberculosis by 2020.
Interpretive description of recreational therapy within the curricula of selected healthcare professions in South Africa

ABSTRACT In South Africa (SA), recreational therapy (RT)/therapeutic recreation (TR) as profession ended in June 1978 and currently remains unrecognized as a profession. Some of the existing health professions in SA may provide services similar to those of RT/TR as practised in the United States of America (USA). In particular, the scopes of practice of biokinetics (a SA profession similar to clinical exercise physiology), physiotherapy and occupational therapy show some similarities to the international concept of RT/TR. The study aimed to interpret and describe RT/TR, as practised in the USA, within the curricula of biokinetics, physiotherapy and occupational therapy. The credentialing document for the speciality of RT/TR published by the US National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification: Certification Standards: Information for New Applicants, 2018 was subjected to inductive content analysis, followed by a deductive analysis of the biokinetics, physiotherapy and occupational therapy curricula detailed in the yearbooks of seven SA universities. Some similarities were observed between the requirements of RT/TR in the USA and biokinetics, physiotherapy and occupational therapy curricula, especially in terms of foundational knowledge. However, knowledge about recreation, specifically RT/TR, was lacking from the biokinetics, physiotherapy and occupational therapy curricula, suggesting that RT/TR is not featured in them.
A review of invasive species reporting apps for citizen science and opportunities for innovation

Smartphone apps have enhanced the potential for monitoring of invasive alien species (IAS) through citizen science. They now have the capacity to massively increase the volume and spatiotemporal coverage of IAS occurrence data accrued in centralised databases. While more reporting apps are developed each year, innovation across diverse functionalities and data management in this field are occurring separately and simultaneously amongst numerous research groups with little attention to trends, priorities and opportunities for improvement. This creates the risk of duplication of effort and missed opportunities for implementing new and existing functionalities that would directly benefit IAS research and management. Using a literature search of Early Detection and Rapid Response implementation, smartphone app development and invasive species reporting apps, we developed a rubric for quantitatively assessing the functionality of IAS reporting apps and applied this rubric to 41 free, English-language IAS reporting apps, available via major mobile app stores in North America. The five highest performing apps achieved scores of 61.90% to 66.35% relative to a hypothetical maximum score, indicating that many app features and functionalities, acknowledged to be useful for IAS reporting in literature, are not present in sampled apps. This suggests that current IAS reporting apps do not make use of all available and known functionalities that could maximise their efficacy. Major implementation gaps, highlighted by this rubric analysis, included limited implementation in user engagement (particularly gamification elements and social media compatibility), ancillary information on search effort, detection method, the ability to report absences and local habitat characteristics. The greatest advancement in IAS early detection would likely result from app gamification. This would make IAS reporting more engaging for a growing community of non-professional contributors and encourage frequent and prolonged participation. We discuss these implementation gaps in relation to the increasingly urgent need for Early Detection and Rapid Response frameworks. We also recommend future innovations in IAS reporting app development to help slow the spread of IAS and curb the global economic and biodiversity extinction crises. We also suggest that further funding and investment in this and other implementation gaps could greatly increase the efficacy of current IAS reporting apps and increase their contributions to addressing the contemporary biological invasion threat.
Frankfurter-Type Sausage Enriched with Buckwheat By-Product as a Source of Bioactive Compounds

Buckwheat by-products may be used as promising food ingredients due to their nutritional composition. Buckwheat husk (BH) may be used in meat products as a source of valuable compounds. In this study, the addition of BH to the quality of frankfurter-type sausages was investigated, aiming to reduce buckwheat waste and to develop nutritionally enriched sausages. For the purpose of this study, a range of measurements, as well as observations, have been carried out. This included the following: pH, weight losses, yield, the instrumental color and texture measurement, protein digestibility, polyphenols, amino acid, trace elements analysis, and the organoleptic evaluation. Compared with no BH sausages, the cooking losses of sausages with 3% BH were higher, while storage losses were lower. BH increased the hardness of sausages after two weeks of storage. The growing addition of BH resulted in a decrease in L* and b*. This change of color resulted in its lower level of consumer acceptability. BH addition did not reduce the protein digestibility. The total amino acid content increased with the increasing husk addition, from 161.8 mg/kg to 228.0 mg/kg. Moreover, BH increased the content of manganese, calcium, potassium and magnesium. This research suggested that incorporation of BH improved the nutritional value of sausages with minimal changes in technological and sensory properties.
A comparison of the stability and performance of depth-integrated ice-dynamics solvers

Abstract. In the last decade, the number of ice-sheet models has increased substantially, in line with the growth of the glaciological community. These models use solvers based on different approximations of ice dynamics. In particular, several depth-integrated dynamics solvers have emerged as fast solvers capable of resolving the relevant physics of ice sheets at the continental scale. However, the numerical stability of these schemes has not been studied systematically to evaluate their effectiveness in practice. Here we focus on three such solvers, the so-called Hybrid, L1L2-SIA and DIVA solvers, as well as the well-known SIA and SSA solvers as boundary cases. We investigate the numerical stability of these solvers as a function of grid resolution and the state of the ice sheet for an explicit time discretization scheme of the mass conservation step. Under simplified conditions with constant viscosity, the maximum stable time step of the Hybrid solver, like the SIA solver, has a quadratic dependence on grid resolution. In contrast, the DIVA solver has a maximum time step that is independent of resolution as the grid becomes increasingly refined, like the SSA solver. A simple 1D implementation of the L1L2-SIA solver indicates that it should behave similarly, but in practice, the complexity of its implementation appears to restrict its stability. In realistic simulations of the Greenland Ice Sheet with a nonlinear rheology, the DIVA and SSA solvers maintain superior numerical stability, while the SIA, Hybrid and L1L2-SIA solvers show markedly poorer performance. At a grid resolution of Δx=4 km, the DIVA solver runs approximately 20 times faster than the Hybrid and L1L2-SIA solvers as a result of a larger stable time step. Our analysis shows that as resolution increases, the ice-dynamics solver can act as a bottleneck to model performance. The DIVA solver emerges as a clear outlier in terms of both model performance and its representation of the ice-flow physics itself.
Heat of hydration in concrete

Summary The paper traces the development of a function between time and temperature, which makes it possible to refer the process of hardening of concrete at varying temperature to hardening at constant temperature. It is further shown that it is possible to predetermine the temperature of concrete during hardening when properties of concrete, sizes and shape of the specimen, insulation and external temperature are known. The time temperature function can also be applied to the development of strength. The validity of the theory is demonstrated by the results of tests upon 27 American and 3 Danish cements.
Estimating the impact of shelterbelt structure on corn yield at a large scale using Google Earth and Sentinel 2 data

A shelterbelt is an important measure to protect farmland and increase crop yield. However, how a shelterbelt structure affects crop yield is still unclear due to the difficulties accessing sufficient data from traditional field observations. To address this problem, we developed an innovative framework to estimate the shelterbelt structure and crop yield profile at a regional scale based on Google Earth and Sentinel-2 data. Using this method, we quantified the impact of the shelterbelt structure on the corn yield at 302 shelterbelts in the Northeast Plain of China. Generally, the corn yield increased (by 2.41% on average) within a distance of 1.2–15 times the tree height from the shelterbelt. Such an effect was particularly prominent within a distance of two to five times the tree height, where the corn yield was significantly increased by up to 4.63%. The structure of the shelterbelt has a significant effect on the magnitude of increase in yield of the surrounding corn. The increment of corn yields with high-, medium-high-, medium- and low-width-gap grade shelterbelt were 2.01%, 2.21%, 1.99%, and 0.91%, respectively. The medium-high grade shelterbelt achieved the largest yield increase effect. The location of the farmland relative to the shelterbelt also affected the yield, with a yield increase of 2.39% on the leeward side and 1.89% on the windward side, but it did not change the relationship between the yield increase effect and the shelterbelt structure. Our findings highlight the optimal shelterbelt structure for increasing corn yield, providing practical guidance on the design and management of farmland shelterbelts for maximizing yield.
Management of glaucoma with Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis.

PURPOSE To describe the frequency, clinical characteristics, complications, and management of glaucoma in eyes that underwent keratoprosthesis implantation. METHODS Patients who underwent keratoprosthesis surgery between June 2010 and January 2020 were retrospectively evaluated for glaucoma association and prognoses. RESULTS Among 17 patients who underwent keratoprosthesis surgery, 9 (52.9%) were associated with underlying or keratoprosthesis-induced glaucoma. Five eyes (29.4%) had underlying glaucoma and underwent a glaucoma drainage device implantation at least 6 months before keratoprosthesis surgery. One eye (5.9%) with normal intraocular pressure had glaucoma drainage device implantation at the same session with keratoprosthesis surgery due to high-risk characteristics of anterior segment structures. Four eyes with preexisting glaucoma showed progression after keratoprosthesis surgery. Additional antiglaucomatous treatment was commenced in two eyes whereas implantation of 2nd glaucoma drainage device was performed in two eyes. Postoperative complications in three eyes (100%) with glaucoma drainage device implanted 6 months before or at the same session with aphakic type keratoprosthesis surgery with partial vitrectomy included rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in two eyes and bacterial endophthalmitis in one eye. Migration of silicone oil through the tube to the subconjunctival area was seen after pars plana vitrectomy in one eye. None of the three eyes (0%) that underwent glaucoma drainage device implantation years before keratoprosthesis surgery experienced a posterior segment complication other than glaucomatous progression. Out of 11 eyes with no previous history of glaucoma, 3 (27.3%) showed high intraocular pressure and glaucomatous disc changes after keratoprosthesis surgery, which could be pharmacologically controlled. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, eyes with preexisting glaucoma were more difficult to manage compared to eyes with de novo glaucoma after keratoprosthesis surgery. Retinal complications appeared more often when glaucoma drainage device implantation was performed no more than 6 months before aphakic type keratoprosthesis surgery with partial vitrectomy.
Influence of flock coating on the thermophysiological comfort properties of woven cotton fabric

Abstract In flock coating, the fabric surface is coated with an adhesive, and flock fibers of a certain length and fineness are impinged and embedded on the adhesive. Embedded fibers form a pile structure on the surface, causing the process to find a wide range of applications. However, there has been no study on the comfort properties of the flock coated fabrics due to the inevitable decrease of the fabric permeability after adhesive coating. This study evaluates the flock fiber physical properties, adhesive coating ratio, and flocking duration on the comfort properties of flock-coated fabrics. Three different coating ratios, two different flocking durations, and four different flock fibers with different fineness and length were studied. Fabric samples were produced by electrostatic flock coating of the woven cotton base fabric. In addition to the experimental study, a mathematical model has been set up to predict the flock-coated fabric thermal resistance. Short (0.4 mm) and long (1.0 mm) flock fibers have assured 82% and 204% higher thermal resistance, respectively, compared to the base fabric thermal resistance of 7.37 (10−3 m2 K/W). The thermal resistance mathematical model results have been found to agree with the actual values with a correlation coefficient of 0.95. Compared to the base fabric, long flock fiber has provided a 249% increase in thermal resistance, with at most a 20% fabric mass increment and 24% relative water vapor permeability decrease. The findings indicate that flock coating can be utilized in cold-weather clothing.
Delirium in Patients with COVID-19 in Japan

Objective The incidence and clinical importance of delirium in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not yet been fully investigated. The present study reported the prevalence of delirium in patients with COVID-19 and identified the factors associated with delirium and mortality. Methods We performed an observational, retrospective study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore delirium risk factors. Patients All consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center. Results We identified 600 patients [median age: 61.0 (interquartile range: 49.0-77.0) years old], of whom 61 (10.2%) developed delirium during their stay. Compared with patients without delirium, these patients were older (median age 84.0 vs. 56.0 years old, p<0.01) and had more comorbidities. Based on a multivariate analysis, age, dementia, severe disease, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were independent risk factors for developing delirium. For every 1-year increase in age and 10-IU/L increase in LDH, the delirium risk increased by 10.8-12.0% and 4.6-5.7%, respectively. There were 15 (24.6%) in-hospital deaths in the group with delirium and 8 (1.6%) in the group without delirium (p<0.01). Delirium was associated with an increased mortality. Conclusion Delirium in patients with COVID-19 is prevalent and associated with poor clinical outcomes in Japan. Despite difficulties with COVID-19 patient care during the pandemic, physicians should be aware of the risk of delirium and be trained in its optimal management.
Genome-wide evolution and expression analysis of the MYB-CC gene family in Brassica spp.

The MYB-CC family is a subtype within the MYB superfamily. This family contains an MYB domain and a predicted coiled-coil (CC) domain. Several MYB-CC transcription factors are involved in the plant’s adaptability to low phosphate (Pi) stress. We identified 30, 34, and 55 MYB-CC genes in Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, and Brassica napus, respectively. The MYB-CC genes were divided into nine groups based on phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of the chromosome distribution and gene structure revealed that most MYB-CC genes retained the same relative position on the chromosomes and had similar gene structures during allotetraploidy. Evolutionary analysis showed that the ancestral whole-genome triplication (WGT) and the recent allopolyploidy are critical for the expansion of the MYB-CC gene family. The expression patterns of MYB-CC genes were found to be diverse in different tissues of the three Brassica species. Furthermore, the gene expression analysis under low Pi stress revealed that MYB-CC genes may be related to low Pi stress responses. These results may increase our understanding of MYB-CC gene family diversification and provide the basis for further analysis of the specific functions of MYB-CC genes in Brassica species.
DNA Damage Clustering after Ionizing Radiation and Consequences in the Processing of Chromatin Breaks

Charged-particle radiotherapy (CPRT) utilizing low and high linear energy transfer (low-/high-LET) ionizing radiation (IR) is a promising cancer treatment modality having unique physical energy deposition properties. CPRT enables focused delivery of a desired dose to the tumor, thus achieving a better tumor control and reduced normal tissue toxicity. It increases the overall radiation tolerance and the chances of survival for the patient. Further improvements in CPRT are expected from a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the biological effects of IR and their dependence on LET. There is increasing evidence that high-LET IR induces more complex and even clustered DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that are extremely consequential to cellular homeostasis, and which represent a considerable threat to genomic integrity. However, from the perspective of cancer management, the same DSB characteristics underpin the expected therapeutic benefit and are central to the rationale guiding current efforts for increased implementation of heavy ions (HI) in radiotherapy. Here, we review the specific cellular DNA damage responses (DDR) elicited by high-LET IR and compare them to those of low-LET IR. We emphasize differences in the forms of DSBs induced and their impact on DDR. Moreover, we analyze how the distinct initial forms of DSBs modulate the interplay between DSB repair pathways through the activation of DNA end resection. We postulate that at complex DSBs and DSB clusters, increased DNA end resection orchestrates an increased engagement of resection-dependent repair pathways. Furthermore, we summarize evidence that after exposure to high-LET IR, error-prone processes outcompete high fidelity homologous recombination (HR) through mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. Finally, we review the high-LET dependence of specific DDR-related post-translational modifications and the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. We believe that in-depth characterization of the biological effects that are specific to high-LET IR will help to establish predictive and prognostic signatures for use in future individualized therapeutic strategies, and will enhance the prospects for the development of effective countermeasures for improved radiation protection during space travel.