Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing time focus with time importance for measuring future time perspectives in the context of pro-environmental values and outcomes

Introduction In the area of environmental psychology, time and the temporal perspective have often been used as an overarching framework to explain or predict environmental outcomes. This study aims to introduce a new Time Importance Scale (TIS) based on the attitude strength theory and to assess its nomological validity in comparison with the more established Temporal Focus Scale (TFS) in the context of consumers’ willingness to pay more for environmentally friendly products. The new TIS scale is short and simple to manage. Method The study proposes competing plausible structural models testing alternative relationships between future time perspective (FTP) and environmental values using a nationwide representative survey sample of 633 Norwegians. Results The results confirm the convergent and discriminant validity of the new TIS scale. However, the direct association between the TIS scale and willingness to pay for environmentally friendly products is weak or non-significant depending on the alternative models used to validate the nomological validity. Discussion The new TIS scale provides evidence of a possible causal chain, FTP → environmental values → willingness to pay, with strong associations between the present TIS and hedonic values and between the future TIS and biospheric values. Environmental values are activated by FTP. In most cases, the new TIS outperforms the established TFS in nomological validity. Future research should validate our findings in experimental trials to demonstrate more substantial causal relationships.
Design, Synthesis, and Neuroprotective Activity of Phenoxyindole Derivatives on Antiamyloid Beta (Aβ) Aggregation, Antiacetylcholinesterase, and Antioxidant Activities

In this investigation, a number of phenoxyindole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and tested for their neuroprotective ability on SK-N-SH cells against Aβ42-induced cell death and biologically specific activities involved in anti-Aβ aggregation, anti-AChE, and antioxidant effects. The proposed compounds, except compounds 9 and 10, could protect SK-N-SH cells at the IC50 of anti-Aβ aggregation with cell viability values ranging from 63.05% ± 2.70% to 87.90% ± 3.26%. Compounds 3, 5, and 8 demonstrated striking relationships between the %viability of SK-N-SH cells and IC50 values of anti-Aβ aggregation and antioxidants. No significant potency of all synthesized compounds against AChE was found. Among them, compound 5 showed the strongest anti-Aβ and antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 3.18 ± 0.87 and 28.18 ± 1.40 μM, respectively. The docking data on the monomeric Aβ peptide of compound 5 demonstrated good binding at regions involved in the aggregation process, and the structural feature made it possible to be a superior radical scavenger. The most effective neuroprotectant belonged to compound 8, with a cell viability value of 87.90% ± 3.26%. Its unique mechanisms for enhancing the protective impact may serve additional purposes since it demonstrated mild biological-specific effects. In silico prediction of CNS penetration shows strong passive penetration ability across the blood–brain barrier from blood vessels to the CNS for compound 8. In light of our findings, compounds 5 and 8 appeared as potentially intriguing lead compounds for new therapeutic approaches to Alzheimer’s disease. More in vivo testing will be revealed in due course.
Is CIS a Contraindication to Hyperthermic Intravesical Chemotherapy (HIVEC) after BCG-Failure?

Simple Summary Intravesical instillations of BCG remain the standard of care for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). In the case of BCG failure, radical cystectomy is recommended. When patients refuse to undergo BCG or are ineligible due to comorbidities, bladder-sparing techniques can be discussed, the majority of which are still being evaluated. Hyperthermic IntraVEsical Chemotherapy (HIVEC) in patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder remains controversial in terms of its oncological efficacy. In this multicentric retrospective study, including BCG-failed patients treated with HIVEC, we did not find increased recurrence or progression rates in patients with CIS. These data encourage further evaluation of HIVEC for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma regardless of the presence of CIS. Abstract CIS of the bladder is associated with a high risk of progression. In the case of BCG failure, radical cystectomy should be performed. For patients who refuse or are ineligible, bladder-sparing alternatives are evaluated. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Hyperthermic IntraVesical Chemotherapy (HIVEC) depending on the presence or absence of CIS. This retrospective, multicenter study was conducted between 2016 and 2021. Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with BCG failure received 6–8 adjuvant instillations of HIVEC. The co-primary endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). A total of 116 consecutive patients met our inclusion criteria of whom 36 had concomitant CIS. The 2-year RFS rate was 19.9% and 43.7% in patients with and without CIS, respectively (p = 0.52). Fifteen patients (12.9%) experienced progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer with no significant difference between patients with and without CIS (2-year PFS rate = 71.8% vs. 88.8%, p = 0.32). In multivariate analysis, CIS was not a significant prognostic factor in terms of recurrence or progression. In conclusion, CIS may not be considered a contraindication to HIVEC, as there is no significant association between CIS and the risk of progression or recurrence after treatment.
Executive Profile of the Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: Comparison with the Semantic and Non-Fluent Variants and Alzheimer’s Disease

The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) shows different features from the non-fluent (nfvPPA) and semantic (svPPA) variants of PPA. Although language impairments remain the core symptoms, studies have highlighted the presence of executive disorders at the onset of the disease. Nevertheless, the results are contradictory, particularly in lvPPA. The aim of this study was to explore the executive profile of lvPPA. We compared executive functioning in lvPPA with the other two variants of PPA, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a cognitively healthy group. In total, 70 patients with PPA, 32 patients with AD, and 41 healthy controls were included. They underwent a comprehensive executive battery assessing short-term and working memory, inhibition, flexibility, planning, and initiation. The analyses showed significant differences between the lvPPA group and the control group, except on visuospatial spans and the Stroop test, and between the lvPPA group and the other PPA groups and the AD group for several tasks. Thus, this research highlighted the existence of an executive dysfunction from the onset of the disease in lvPPA but also in the other two variants of PPA.
Understanding biosecurity behaviors of Australian beef cattle farmers using the ten basic human values framework

Introduction On-farm biosecurity is an essential component of successful disease management in the beef cattle industry on an individual, regional, and national level. Participation in mandatory or voluntary assurance schemes, knowledge and trusted relationships have all been demonstrated to contribute to the development of behaviors that promote biosecurity. However, compliance with rules, socio-psychological relationships and knowledge-seeking behavior are all contingent upon the motivations and beliefs of the individual. It is widely accepted that the motivations and beliefs of all cultures can be defined by ten basic values (Self-direction, Stimulation, Hedonism, Achievement, Power, Security, Conformity, Tradition, Benevolence and Universalism). In this study, we use the ten basic values to characterize the on-farm biosecurity behaviors of Australian beef farmers to facilitate the identification of interventions that are most likely to align with producer motivations and therefore, more likely to result in wider adoption of effective on-farm biosecurity. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 Australian beef farmers to discuss the reasons behind decisions to alter or implement biosecurity practices in response to endemic diseases. Thematic analysis was used to identify the motivations, opportunities, and capability of biosecurity behaviors. The ten basic human values were used to characterize these behaviors and inform enablers and barriers to biosecurity adoption. Results and discussion Benevolence and Self-direction, relating to self-transcendence and an openness to change, were the principal values associated with good biosecurity behaviors. This suggests that farmers will be receptive to education strategies that communicate the actual risk of disease in their area, the impact of disease on animal welfare, and the ability for on-farm biosecurity to mitigate these impacts. Farmers also expressed values of Security which entrenched behaviors as common practice; however, in some cases the Security of trusted relationships was identified as a potential barrier to behavior change. Overall, values associated with biosecurity behaviors were found to align with values that are most important for social cohesion, suggesting that collaborative disease efforts between industry stakeholders and farmers are likely to succeed if designed with these values in mind.
A Summary on Tuberculosis Vaccine Development—Where to Go?

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an old infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent and control TB. However, there is relatively little literature that systematically analyzes the progress of new TB vaccine research from a bibliometric perspective. This study was conducted to examine the development of TB vaccines over the past 20 years and to identify research priorities and directions for the future. Methods: The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) of the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database was selected to search the literature related to TB vaccines. The countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords of each publication were analyzed and visualized using the VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix software. Furthermore, GraphPad Prism and Microsoft Excel 365 were also used for statistical analysis. Results: As of 20 October 2022, 7960 publications related to TB vaccines were identified with 288,478 citations. The United States of America (USA) accounted for the largest share (2658, 33.40%), followed by the United Kingdom (UK, 1301, 16.34%), and China (685, 8.6%). Regarding affiliations, the University of London had the most publications (427) and shared the highest H-index (76) with the Statens Serum Institut of Denmark. In terms of the number of articles for the journals and authors, the journal Vaccine ranked first with 629 articles. Professor Peter Anderssen has published the highest number of papers (160). The burst keywords and thematic maps analysis showed that future trends in TB vaccine development would focus on exploring the interaction mechanisms between M. tuberculosis and the host. Conclusion: The number of publications on TB vaccines has grown over the past two decades. Developed countries play a significant role in TB vaccine research, and developing countries are fast catching up. We believe that future research will be aimed at understanding the fine molecular mechanisms of host–pathogen interaction, leading to the development of better TB vaccines.
Magnetohydrodynamic Flows Formed on the Earth's Outer Core Boundaries

A general asymptotic procedure is suggested for describing the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows in the outer core of the Earth on a time scale larger than 100 years. The asymptotic expansion is based on the small Ekman number in the Earth's outer core. Fluid motion in the core can be divided into two parts: large-scale flows in the bulk of the outer core and small-scale ones concentrated near the boundaries. The small-scale and large-scale flows are consistent with each other, when the ratio of small-scale electric currents to large-scale ones and the ratio of Coriolis to Lorentz forces in the bulk of the outer core are roughly described by the magnetic Reynolds number. The present configuration of the Earth's magnetic field requires a boundary layer beneath the core mantle boundary (CMB) which is much thicker near the equator than at other latitudes. The small-scale electric currents in this layer can produce geomagnetic secular variations. Through the application of the present theory to axisymmetric flows, it is shown that the description of the fluid flow is less complicated with the presence of the magnetic field than is in the purely hydrodynamic case. The MHD coupling removes most of complications associated with the formation of the boundary layers.
Importance of collisions with charged particles for stellar UV line shapes: Cd III

Stark broadening parameters, widths and shifts, for 84 spectral lines of doubly-ionized cadmium (Cd ) have been calculated using the modified semi-empirical approach (MSE). Calculated spectral lines belong to the transitions 4d 9 5s-4d 9 5p and 4d 9 5p-4d 9 5d. Widths and shifts of the spectral lines are given for temperature range of 5000 K-60 000 K and an electron density of 10 23 m −3 . The influence of collisions with charged particles on Cd  UV stellar lines along the HR diagram is discussed. Compared to the Doppler broadening, the influence of the Stark broadening mechanism is more important for deeper atmospheric layers and for larger values of log g. Stark broadening does not depend on turbulent velocity for the considered stellar model of a standard main sequence hot star of A0 spectral type. The influence of the Stark widths for standard models of DA and DB white dwarfs is also discussed.
Detecting multiple breaks in time series covariance structure: a non-parametric approach based on the evolutionary spectral density

This article estimates the number of breaks and their locations in the covariance structure of a series based on the evolutionary spectral density and uses some standard information criteria. The adopted approach is non-parametric and does not privilege a priori any modelling of the series. One carries out a Monte Carlo analysis and an empirical illustration using the daily return series of exchange rate euro/US dollar to support the relevance of the theory and to produce additional insights. The simulation results are globally adequate and show that the criteria having heavy penalty are more accurate in the selection of the number of breaks. The empirical results indicate that the covariance structure of the return series considerably varies between 30 March 2000 and 6 April 2001. The unconditional volatility appears non-constant over this interval.
B cell-activating factor (BAFF) from dendritic cells, monocytes and neutrophils is required for B cell maturation and autoantibody production in SLE-like autoimmune disease

Purpose and methods B cell-activating factor (BAFF) contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although several anti-BAFF Abs and derivatives have been developed for the treatment of SLE, the specific sources of BAFF that sustain autoantibody (auto-Ab) producing cells have not been definitively identified. Using BAFF-RFP reporter mice, we identified major changes in BAFF-producing cells in two mouse spontaneous lupus models (Tlr7 Tg mice and Sle1), and in a pristane-induced lupus (PIL) model. Results First, we confirmed that similar to their wildtype Tlr7 Tg and Sle1 mice counterparts, BAFF-RFP Tlr7 Tg mice and BAFF-RFP Sle1 mice had increased BAFF serum levels, which correlated with increases in plasma cells and auto-Ab production. Next, using the RFP reporter, we defined which cells had dysregulated BAFF production. BAFF-producing neutrophils (Nphs), monocytes (MOs), cDCs, T cells and B cells were all expanded in the spleens of BAFF-RFP Tlr7 Tg mice and BAFF-RFP Sle1 mice compared to controls. Furthermore, Ly6Chi inflammatory MOs and T cells had significantly increased BAFF expression per cell in both spontaneous lupus models, while CD8- DCs up-regulated BAFF expression only in the Tlr7 Tg mice. Similarly, pristane injection of BAFF-RFP mice induced increases in serum BAFF levels, auto-Abs, and the expansion of BAFF-producing Nphs, MOs, and DCs in both the spleen and peritoneal cavity. BAFF expression in MOs and DCs, in contrast to BAFF from Nphs, was required to maintain homeostatic and pristane-induced systemic BAFF levels and to sustain mature B cell pools in spleens and BMs. Although acting through different mechanisms, Nph, MO and DC sources of BAFF were each required for the development of auto-Abs in PIL mice. Conclusions Our findings underscore the importance of considering the relative roles of specific myeloid BAFF sources and B cell niches when developing treatments for SLE and other BAFF-associated autoimmune diseases.
Parameterizable Design on Convolutional Neural Networks Using Chisel Hardware Construction Language

This paper presents a parameterizable design generator on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using the Chisel hardware construction language (HCL). By parameterizing structural designs such as the streaming width, pooling layer type, and floating point precision, multiple register–transfer level (RTL) implementations can be created to meet various accuracy and hardware cost requirements. The evaluation is based on generated RTL designs including 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit, and 128-bit implementations on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The experimental results show that the 32-bit design achieves optimal hardware performance when setting the same weights for estimating the quality of the results, FPGA slice count, and power dissipation. Although the focus is on CNNs, the approach can be extended to other neural network models for efficient RTL design.
Analysis of the Younger Dryas Impact Layer

We have uncovered a thin layer of magnetic grains and microspherules, carbon spherules, and glass-like carbon at nine sites across North America, a site in Belgium, and throughout the rims of 16 Carolina Bays. It is consistent with the ejecta layer from an impact event and has been dated to 12.9 ka BP coinciding with the onset of Younger Dryas (YD) cooling and widespread megafaunal extinctions in North America. At many locations the impact layer is directly below a black mat marking the sudden disappearance of the megafauna and Clovis people. The distribution pattern of the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) ejecta layer is consistent with an impact near the Great Lakes that deposited terrestrial-like ejecta near the impact site and unusual, titanium-rich projectile-like ejecta further away. High water content associated with the ejecta, up to 28 at. percent hydrogen (H), suggests the impact occurred over the Laurentide Ice Sheet. YDB microspherules and magnetic grains are highly enriched in TiO2. Magnetic grains from several sites are enriched in iridium (Ir), up to 117 ppb. The TiO2/FeO, K/Th, TiO2/Zr, Al2O3/FeO+MgO, CaO/Al2O3, REE/ chondrite, FeO/MnO ratios and SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Cr2O3, Ni, Co, U, Th and other trace element abundances are inconsistent with all terrestrial and extraterrestrial (ET) sources except for KREEP, a lunar igneous rock rich in potassium (K), rare-earth elements (REE), phosphorus (P), and other incompatible elements including U and Th. Normal Fe, Ti, and 238U/235U isotopic abundances were found in the magnetic grains, but 234U was enriched over equilibrium values by 50 percent in Murray Springs and by 130 percent in Belgium. 40K abundance is enriched by up to 100 percent in YDB sediments and Clovis chert artifacts. Highly vesicular carbon spherules containing nanodiamonds, glass-like carbon, charcoal and soot found in large quantities in the YDB layer are consistent with an impact followed by intense burning. Four holes in the Great Lakes, some deeper than Death Valley, are proposed as possible craters produced by the airburst breakup of a loosely aggregated projectile.
Premorbid Personality Traits as Risk Factors for Behavioral Addictions: A Systematic Review of a Vulnerability Hypothesis

The debate on personality structure and behavioral addictions is an outstanding issue. According to some authors, behavioral addictions could arise from a premorbid personality, while for others, it could result from a pathological use of technological tools. The current study aims to investigate whether, in the latest literature, personality traits have been identified as predictors of behavioral addictions. A literature search was conducted under the PRISMA methodology, considering the most relevant studies of the five-factor model from the past 10 years. Overall, most studies on addiction, personality traits, and personality genetics proved that behavioral addiction may be an epiphenomenon of a pre-existing personality structure, and that it more easily occurs in vulnerable subjects with emotional instability, negative affects, and unsatisfactory relationships with themselves, others, and events. Such neurotic personality structure was common to any addictive behavior, and was the main risk factor for both substance and behavioral addictions. Therefore, in clinical and educational contexts, it becomes crucial to primarily focus on the vulnerability factors, at-risk personality traits, and protective and moderating traits such as extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience; meanwhile, treatment of behavioral addictions is frequently focused on overt pathological behaviors.
Genetic Risk Assessment of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate by Linking Genetic Networks and Deep Learning Models

Recent deep learning algorithms have further improved risk classification capabilities. However, an appropriate feature selection method is required to overcome dimensionality issues in population-based genetic studies. In this Korean case–control study of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), we compared the predictive performance of models that were developed by using the genetic-algorithm-optimized neural networks ensemble (GANNE) technique with those models that were generated by eight conventional risk classification methods, including polygenic risk score (PRS), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and deep-learning-based artificial neural network (ANN). GANNE, which is capable of automatic input SNP selection, exhibited the highest predictive power, especially in the 10-SNP model (AUC of 88.2%), thus improving the AUC by 23% and 17% compared to PRS and ANN, respectively. Genes mapped with input SNPs that were selected by using a genetic algorithm (GA) were functionally validated for risks of developing NSCL/P in gene ontology and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. The IRF6 gene, which is most frequently selected via GA, was also a major hub gene in the PPI network. Genes such as RUNX2, MTHFR, PVRL1, TGFB3, and TBX22 significantly contributed to predicting NSCL/P risk. GANNE is an efficient disease risk classification method using a minimum optimal set of SNPs; however, further validation studies are needed to ensure the clinical utility of the model for predicting NSCL/P risk.