Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What to Expect from Code Review Bots on GitHub?: A Survey with OSS Maintainers

Software bots are used by Open Source Software (OSS) projects to streamline the code review process. Interfacing between developers and automated services, code review bots report continuous integration failures, code quality checks, and code coverage. However, the impact of such bots on maintenance tasks is still neglected. In this paper, we study how project maintainers experience code review bots. We surveyed 127 maintainers and asked about their expectations and perception of changes incurred by code review bots. Our findings reveal that the most frequent expectations include enhancing the feedback bots provide to developers, reducing the maintenance burden for developers, and enforcing code coverage. While maintainers report that bots satisfied their expectations, they also perceived unexpected effects, such as communication noise and newcomers' dropout. Based on these results, we provide a series of implications for bot developers, as well as insights for future research.
Age resistance of sheep to infestation with the nematodes, Nematodirus filicollis and Nematodirus spathiger

Abstract Extract The phenomenon of age resistance to nematode parasites has been reported to occur in a variety of animals and the literature has been reviewed by Herlich (1960). He points out that, in the case of parasites of ruminants, much of the evidence is based primarily on field observations of naturally infected animals. In such circumstances, previously acquired specific immunity cannot be ruled out as a causal factor. Furthermore, the interpretation of much of the published experimental work on age resistance to the family Trichostrongylidae is equivocal.
The phonetics of voice1

This chapter focuses on the phonetics of the voice. The term “voice” is used to mean many different things, with definitions varying both within and across researchers and disciplines. In terms of voice articulation, definitions can vary from the very narrow – how the vocal folds vibrate – to the very broad, where “voice” is essentially synonymous with “speech” – how the vocal folds and all other vocal tract articulators influence how we sound (Kreiman and Sidtis, 2011). In this chapter, I will use the term “voice” to refer to sound produced by the vocal folds, including but not limited to vocal fold vibration. I have chosen to focus only on a narrow conception of the voice in order to constrain the discussion; as we will see, the phonetics of voice – even when it concerns only vocal fold articulation – is remarkably complex and of great relevance to phonetic and linguistic research. In contrast, I will use the term “voice quality” to refer to the percept resulting from the voice: In other words, different vocal fold configurations have specific perceptual ramifications, which we will call changes in voice quality. The distinction between voice and voice quality adopted here is therefore analogous to that made between “fundamental frequency” (f0) and “pitch. ” Why should we be interested in the phonetics of the voice? Linguists are interested in how specific forms contribute to linguistic meaning; for spoken languages, phonetic and phonological research addresses this goal from the point of view of how sounds contribute to meaning. Because the vocal folds are part of the speech apparatus, a complete understanding of the sound-to-meaning relationship requires knowledge of how sounds produced by the vocal folds contribute to linguistic meaning. There are two main contributions of the vocal folds: First, their movements can be used contrastively in languages. That is, in some languages changes in (a) the presence vs. absence of vocal fold vibration, (b) the rate of vibration, and (c) the quality of vibration can signal a change in lexical meaning: compare (a) English /ˈslɒpi/ “sloppy” vs. /ˈslɒbi/ “slobby”; (b) White Hmong /tɔ ˧/ “pierced” vs. /tɔ ˨/ “wait”; and (c) Jalapa Mazatec breathy-voiced [ndæ̤ ˥ ] “horse,” creaky-voiced [ndæ̰ ˥ ] “buttock,” and modal-voiced [ndæ ˥ ] “seed” (Silverman et al., 1995; Garellek and Keating, 2011). 2 4
Evaluation of Quality of Life, Cognition and Endurance in Cardiac Procedures Patients

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHI) is the single largest cause of death in developed countries and is one of the leading causes of disease burden in developing countries as well. Purpose of the Study: The objective of this study was to determine the quality of the patient after CABG and PCI and to determine which procedure has better outcomes. Material and Method: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out at Shifa International Hospital Islamabad for six months. In this study 50, post-operative CABG and 50 post-operative PCI patients who had procedures from 1 to 3 months were included through the non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data about socio-demographics were collected through self-structure questionnaires, cognition level was checked through the Mini-Mental Examination scale, Physical activities were assessed through the New York Heart Classification system and quality of life was assessed through RAND-36. Result: The results of the study show that the health-related quality of life of participants of PCI was better than CABG patients. In RAND 36 four domains showed similar quality of life i.e. Role Limitation due to physical health (p = 0.22), Role Limitation due to an emotional problem (p = 0.35), emotional wellbeing (p = 0.83), social functioning (p = 0.55), whereas in the General Health, Physical Functioning. Bodily Pain and energy/fatigue subscales PCI group showed better quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that the quality of life in cardiac patients after PCI was better than CABG patients.
Effect of integrated use of inorganic fertilizers and FYM or green leaf manure on uptake and nutrient use efficiency of rice-rice system on an inceptisol

The effect of integrated use of inorganic fertilizers and FYM or green leaf manure (GLM) on uptake and nutrient use efficiency of rice-rice system on an Inceptisol in Kar and Pishanum seasons of southern districts of Tamil Nadu was studied in a field experiment conducted with various treatment combinations including continuous application of plant nutrients either singly or with organic manures on nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency. Over 10 years of continuous cropping under various treatments, the differences in nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of major nutrients in inorganic fertilizers alone and inorganic fertilizers with organics were significant. The continuous use of organics (FYM/GLM) along with inorganic fertilizers increased nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of major nutrients than did the inorganic fertilizers
Repertoire structure, song sharing, reproductive success, and territory tenure in a population of Canada Warblers (Cardellina canadensis) in central New Hampshire

Sexual selection for larger repertoires and the social advantages of sharing songs with territorial neighbours are two forces that may drive the evolution of complex song repertoires in songbirds. To evaluate the influence of these two selective pressures on repertoire evolution in a species with a complex repertoire, we examined repertoire structure, song sharing, reproductive success, and territory tenure in a Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis (L., 1766)) population in New Hampshire. Over two breeding seasons, we recorded 63 singing males, classified their song repertoires, quantified male song sharing, and determined male reproductive success and territory tenure. Male Canada Warblers had complex repertoires averaging 12 phrases (particular sequences of song elements) and 55 variants (songs composed of particular sequences of phrases). Song sharing decreased significantly with distance between territories, all of which were <1.75 km apart. Network analysis revealed clusters of male neighbours with .
In-Process Monitoring of Changing Dynamics of a Thin-Walled Component During Milling Operation by Ball Shooter Excitation

During the milling of thin-walled workpieces, the natural frequencies might change radically due to the material removal. To avoid resonant spindle speeds and chatter vibration, a precise knowledge of the instantaneous modal parameters is necessary. Many different numerical methods exist to predict the changes; however, small unmodelled effects can lead to unreliable results. The natural frequencies could be measured by human experts based on modal analysis for an often interrupted process; however, this method is not acceptable during production. We propose an online measurement method with an automatic ball shooter device which can excite a wide frequency range of the flexible workpiece. The method is presented for the case of blade profile machining. The change of the natural frequencies is predicted based on analytical models and finite element simulations. The measurement response for the impulse excitation of the ball shooter device is compared to the results of impulse modal tests performed with a micro hammer. It is shown that the ball shooter is capable of determining even the slight variation of the natural frequencies during the machining process and of distinguishing the slight change caused by different clamping methods. An improved FE model is proposed to include the contact stiffness of the fixture.
Comparative Analysis of Bone Marrow Aspiration Smears, Touch Imprints and Trephine Biopsy in Haematological Malignancies

Introduction: Inspection of the bone marrow is considered one of the most valuable diagnostic tool to evaluate hematologic malignancies. This study compares all three techniques of bone marrow aspiration (BMA), bone marrow imprint (BMI) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in morphological diagnosis of hematological malignancies. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 63 selected cases of various hematological malignancies. Only those cases in which bone marrow examination was done by using all the three techniques were included in the study. Results: Out of total 63 cases,53 cases were diagnosed on bone marrow aspirate smears with diagnostic accuracy of 84.12%, 60 cases were diagnosed on bone marrow imprint smears with diagnostic accuracy of 95.23% and all 63 cases were diagnosed on bone marrow biopsy with diagnostic accuracy of 100%. Conclusion: It is concluded that bone marrow imprints are equally useful as bone marrow biopsy in diagnosing hematological malignancies. Imprint cytology should therefore be a standard practice for evaluating bone marrow in cases of hematological malignancies.
Forest fire in western Himalayas of India: A Review

Western Himalayas comprised different forest types from alpine forests to semi-evergreen, deciduous, sub-tropical broad-leaved hill forests, sub-tropical pine forests and sub-tropical montane temperate forests. Geographically it extends to J & K, HP, UK and hill part of Punjab & Haryana dominated by coniferous forest of chir pine. In UK and HP major fires have been noted in 1911, 1921, 1930, 1931, 1939, 1945, 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1972, 1995, 1999, 2010, 2012 and 2016. Forest fires cause wide ranging adverse ecological, economic and social impacts. The major reasons of forest fire in the hilly region are high fire fuel material of dry Chirpine needles and dry leaf litter of other board leaved trees on the forest floor as Chirpine covers a significant (about16%) area under forest and every year encroaching the mixed species area due its hardy dominating nature as well as ban on green felling above 1000 mts elevation. There is scope to make the local community, NGOs, Community Based Organizations (CBOs) completely involved in the system to minimize the fire hazards. Van Panchayat is a unique model in the state of UK effectively managing forest since a long time but forest communities needs capacity building and to be acquainted with modern methods to combat forest fires. To convert the fire hazard Chirpine needle as a resource (raw material) for different uses through creation of Forest Self-Help Groups (FSHGs) or Forest Special purpose Vehicle (FSPV) with industrial linkage for its removal with the help of villagers to make the bio-briquette, compost or vermicompost, composite boards, panels and tiles etc. To check the spread of fire a proper fire Forecasting & warning system, modern fire fighting techniques for Early Forest Fire Detection Using Radio-Acoustic Sounding System, Doppler RADAR etc seem to be reasonable option. The awareness among local people and participatory approach or JFM committees can be a better solution. Further, Forest insurance policy (fire) can be an option for at least valuable forests by GOI and other measures suggested in the paper for forest fire control and management in western Himalaya. [Manmohan JR Dobriyal and Arvind Bijalwan. Forest fire in western Himalayas of India: A Review. N Y Sci J 2017;10(6):39-46]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub. net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys100617.06.
Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership And Earning Management

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of institutional ownership and managerial ownership on earnings management. By taking the population of manufacturing companies that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2017-2018, this research is conducted using quantitative method with regression analysis. This research showed that institutional ownership and managerial ownership had no effect on corporate earnings management. Index term: Institutional ownership, Managerial ownership, Earnings management, Good corporate governance
Four Stylized Facts About Covid-19

We document four facts about the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide relevant for those studying the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 transmission. First: across all countries and U.S. states that we study, the growth rates of daily deaths from COVID-19 fell from a wide range of initially high levels to levels close to zero within 20-30 days after each region experienced 25 cumulative deaths. Second: after this initial period, growth rates of daily deaths have hovered around zero or below everywhere in the world. Third: the cross section standard deviation of growth rates of daily deaths across locations fell very rapidly in the first 10 days of the epidemic and has remained at a relatively low level since then. Fourth: when interpreted through a range of epidemiological models, these first three facts about the growth rate of COVID deaths imply that both the effective reproduction numbers and transmission rates of COVID-19 fell from widely dispersed initial levels and the effective reproduction number has hovered around one after the first 30 days of the epidemic virtually everywhere in the world. We argue that failing to account for these four stylized facts may result in overstating the importance of policy mandated NPIs for shaping the progression of this deadly pandemic.
Integration of Technology among Saudi EFL Teachers

In the field of education, technology is currently considered a new trend. This study aims to examine the factors that affect the integration of new technologies in EFL classrooms. Factors considered include teacher’s age, teacher’s level of technological proficiency, and teacher’s perception of technology. To achieve this, the study involved a questionnaire consisting of 21 items and a total of 38 Saudi EFL teachers participated in it. The results indicate that there is no significant relationship between teacher age and technology integration. However, both teachers’ level of proficiency in technology and teacher’s perception of technology were significantly related to technology integration in Saudi EFL classrooms. It is recommended to provide teachers with professional development and support in technology integration and to supply classrooms with resources such as computers and smart boards.
Malware Analysis in Web Application Security: An Investigation and Suggestion

Malware analysis is essentially used for the identification of malware and its objectives. However, the present era has seen the process of malware analysis being used for enhancing security methods for different domains of technology. This study has attempted to analyze the current situation and status of malware analysis in web application security through some objectives. These objectives helps the authors to analyze the purpose, used methodology of malware analysis in web application security previously as well as authors select and find a prioritized technique of malware analysis through a hybrid multi criteria decision making procedure called fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process. This fuzzy-AHP methodology helps the authors to find and recommend a most prioritized malware analysis techniques and type as well as suggest a ranking of various malware analysis techniques that used in web application security frequently for experts and developers use. Furthermore, second section of paper forecast the attack statistics and publication statistics of malwares and malware analysis in web application security respectively for understanding the sensitivity of topic and need of investigation. The proposed tactic intends to be an effective reckoner for web developers and facilitate in malware analysis for securing web applications. Additionally, the study also forecast the publication and attack scenario of malware and malware analysis for web application security that gives a complimentary overview of domain.
Branching Pattern of Brachial Artery-A Morphological Study

Brachial artery is the artery supplying the upper limb. It shows so many variations that later are considered a rule rather than exceptions. The present study was conducted on 50 upper limbs to find out the prevailing branching pattern of this important artery. It was seen that average length of this artery is 26.29 cm & it bifurcates into its terminal branches 2.99 cm distal to intercondylar line. Various variations depicted by brachial artery are explained ontogenically as well as their clinical implications are discussed.
The Impact of Tax Concessions on Extraction of Non-renewable Resources:An Application to Gold Mining in Tanzania

Gold mining firms in Tanzania pay royalty and corporate taxes, but also receive many tax concessions. Such tax incentives may cause to reschedule their extraction plans and thereby change the expected life of a gold mine. We model a representative mining firm’s extraction decision using optimal control theory, into which various tax incentives are introduced to determine their theoretical impact. Our results suggest that in the race to take advantage of tax incentives, a firm may end up making excessive investments, which in turn increases extraction rate. Actual extraction patterns of several gold mining companies in Tanzania are also reviewed.
Honeybee Paralysis: Its Natural Spread and its Diminished Incidence in England and Wales

SummaryIn laboratory tests, paralysis virus spread best between individual adult bees when they were most crowded. Spread was probably by contact of their epidermal cytoplasm, because the virus was readily transmitted when topically applied to freshly broken cuticular hairs. A significant positive regression of paralysis outbreaks on diminishing numbers of colonies in England and Wales is interpreted as a result of relatively increased foraging activity by the remaining colonies which led to less contact between healthy and infected individuals within enzootically infected colonies.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SOME AMINO ACIDS COMPLEXES AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS

The development of antifungal agents has lagged behind that of antibacterial agents, because fungi generally grow slowly and often in multicellular forms, they are more difficult to quantify than bacteria. This experiment was designed to evaluate the in vitro properties of the amino acids complexes as potential antifungal agent. We tested 4 amino acid complexes: Cu-lysine, Cu-methionine, Co-lysine and Co-methionine, at different concentrations. The end-points for cytotoxicity evaluation are: proliferation rate, lactate dehidrogenase activity (LDH). These two end-points gave similar results with the proliferation rate but the last methods seem to be more sensible. Cupper complexes especially those with methionine proved to have the higher activity against Candida albicans from all the amino acids complexes.
Online Survey on the Source of Information, Knowledge, and Perceptions towards COVID-19 among Health Care Workers and Health Students in Nepal: A Comparative Study

Background: The burgeoning cases of COVID-19 are the major concern and challenges across the world. However, there are different drugs on the row for the clinical trial. Misinformation and misguidance from the unreliable source of information, misunderstanding, lack, or inadequate awareness among people, and poor sanitation procedure could lead to the rapid transmission of infection in the community. The basic objective was to study the knowledge and perception of HCWs and students about COVID-19.
Employee Welfare in the Western Balkans Retail Sector: How to Improve It through Socio-organizational Variables

In recent years the countries of the Western Balkans region have been facing an exodus of labour, which represents a complex social problem. Given the fact that the largest number of employees is engaged in the service industry, especially in the retail sector where 10% of all working population is employed, it is necessary to define the indicators which impede employee welfare and to recommend a set of measures for their minimization. In this regard, this paper aims to identify variables which impact employee welfare in the retail sector of the Western Balkans with a particular retrospect to the differences between SMEs and retail chains. Empirical research has been conducted on a sample of 325 employees of retail companies. Correlation between employee welfare and socio-organizational variables, such as job contentment, social support, monthly salary, work environment, promotion opportunity, the use of modern technology, business culture, job rotation and job security have been tested. The results of the research have shown a significant correlation between socio-organizational variables and employee welfare. Differences are especially prominent between SMEs and retail chains. Based on the obtained results, a set of measures and procedures which competent institutions and employment policymakers should undertake to neutralize those differences has been proposed. Suggestions for future research are provided.