Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bender-Gestalt II Test: Psychometric Properties with Global Scoring System on a Turkish Standardization Sample

ABSTRACT The present study aims to standardize the Bender-Gestalt II Test by exploring its psychometric properties on a Turkish sample between the ages of 4 and 17 years and to obtain its normative values. The standardization sample consisted of 2691 students aged 4.0–17.11 years/months from low, middle, and high socioeconomic statuses, attending preschool, primary, and high school education. The participants were administered the Bender-Gestalt II Test and other tests, including the Gesell Developmental Schedules test, Colored Progressive Matrices Test, Goodenough Draw-a-Man Test, Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test, and Visual-Aural Digit Span Test-Revised Form, according to their age groups. The results revealed the absolute agreement values of the Copy items to be between . 87 and . 98. Thereafter, we calculated the test-retest reliability coefficients of the Copy scores to range from . 74 to . 67 by age groups, while the split-half reliability coefficients for each age group were between . 62 and . 87. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested its single-factor structure for all age groups. The Copy scores showed significant correlations and predicted the criterion characteristics, which include general cognitive ability, mental development/fine motor skills, short-term memory, and attention. Overall, the present study confirmed that the Bender-Gestalt II Test is a valid, reliable, and standardized measure to evaluate the visual-motor integration ability of those aged 4.0–17.11 years/months.
Role of novel polysaccharide layers in assembly of the exosporium, the outermost protein layer of the Bacillus anthracis spore

A fundamental question in cell biology is how cells assemble their outer layers. The bacterial endospore is a well‐established model for cell layer assembly. However, the assembly of the exosporium, a complex protein shell comprising the outermost layer in the pathogen Bacillus anthracis, remains poorly understood. Exosporium assembly begins with the deposition of proteins at one side of the spore surface, followed by the progressive encirclement of the spore. We seek to resolve a major open question: the mechanism directing exosporium assembly to the spore, and then into a closed shell. We hypothesized that material directly underneath the exosporium (the interspace) directs exosporium assembly to the spore and drives encirclement. In support of this, we show that the interspace possesses at least two distinct layers of polysaccharide. Secondly, we show that putative polysaccharide biosynthetic genes are required for exosporium encirclement, suggesting a direct role for the interspace. These results not only significantly clarify the mechanism of assembly of the exosporium, an especially widespread bacterial outer layer, but also suggest a novel mechanism in which polysaccharide layers drive the assembly of a protein shell.
chorion ◼ heart defects, Increased Prevalence of Congenital Heart Defects in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins Congenital Heart Disease

heart diseases are diagnosed more com-monly in twins than in singletons by linking Danish nationwide registers covering all twins and a 5% random sample of all singletons born in Denmark in 1977–2001 with the Danish National Patient Registry. This register has been shown previously to be a reliable and valid source for identifying congenital heart disease malformations, 10–13 and it has been used Background —Smaller studies and many case series reports indicate that congenital heart defects may be more common in monochorionic twins than in dichorionic twins and singletons.
Validation et étude de quelques propriétés de systèmes de prévision météorologique ensemblistes

Les travaux presentes portent sur l’evaluation de previsions meteorologiques probabilistes issues de systemes de prevision d’ensemble. Les principaux criteres utilises sont les termes de resolution et de fiabilite du score de Brier. Les previsions issues de systemes operationnels sont comparees a celles obtenues par des methodes statistiques a partir de l’integration unique d’un modele de prevision. On s’interesse egalement a des systemes de prevision d’ensemble consistant a regrouper les previsions issues de quelques centres operationnels. Les conditions requises pour une estimation realiste de la performance de previsions issues d’un ensemble sont examinees par ailleurs. La variabilite spatiale et temporelle de la fiabilite impose une stratification des donnees que ne permettent pas toujours les echantillons de taille reduite disponibles pour la verification. Un autre probleme essentiel est celui de la categorisation des probabilites prevues, qui permet la decomposition du score de Brier.
New Relativistic Paradoxes and Open Questions

Following the Special Theory of Relativity, Florentin Smarandache generalizes the Lorentz Contraction Factor to an Oblique-Contraction Factor, which gives the contraction factor of the lengths moving at an oblique angle with respect to the motion direction. He also proves that relativistic moving bodies are distorted, and he computes the Angle-Distortion Equations. He then shows several paradoxes, inconsistencies, contradictions, and anomalies in the Theory of Relativity. According to the author, not all physical laws are the same in all inertial reference frames, and he gives several counter-examples. He also supports superluminal speeds, and he considers that the speed of light in vacuum is variable. The author explains that the redshift and blueshift are not entirely due to the Doppler Effect, but also to the medium composition (i.e. its physical elements, fields, density, heterogeneity, properties, etc.). He considers that the space is not curved and the light near massive cosmic bodies bends not because of the gravity only as the General Theory of Relativity asserts (Gravitational Lensing), but because of the Medium Lensing. In order to make the distinction between “clock” and “time”, he suggests a first experiment with a different clock type for the GPS clocks, for proving that the resulted dilation and contraction factors are different from those obtained with the cesium atomic clock; and a second experiment with different medium compositions for proving that different degrees of redshifts/blushifts would result.
Pairing-based cryptosystems and key agreement protocols.

For a long time, pairings on elliptic curves have been considered to be destructive in elliptic curve cryptography. Only recently after some pioneering works, particularly the well-known Boneh-Franklin identity-based encryption (IBE), pairings have quickly become an important tool to construct novel cryptographic schemes. In this thesis, several new cryptographic schemes with pairings are proposed, which are both efficient and secure with respect to a properly defined security model, and some relevant previous schemes are revisited. IBE provides a public key encryption mechanism where a public key can be an arbitrary string such as an entity identifier and unwieldy certificates are unnecessary. Based on the Sakai-Kasahara key construction, an IBE scheme which is secure in the Boneh-Franklin IBE model is constructed, and two identity-based key encapsulation mechanisms are proposed. These schemes achieve the best efficiency among the existing schemes to date. Recently Al-Riyami and Paterson introduced the certificateless public key encryption (CL-PKE) paradigm, which eliminates the need of certificates and at the same time retains the desirable properties of IBE without the key escrow problem. The security formulation of CL-PKE is revisited and a strong security model for this type of mechanism is defined. Following a heuristic approach, three efficient CL-PKE schemes which are secure in the defined strong security model are proposed. Identity-based two-party key agreement protocols from pairings are also investigated. The Bellare-Rogaway key agreement model is enhanced and within the model several previously unproven protocols in the literature are formally analysed. In considering that the user identity may be sensitive information in many environments, an identity-based key agreement protocol with unilateral identity privacy is proposed.
Validation of Hadronic Models in GEANT4

Geant4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It has abundant hadronic models from thermal neutron interactions to ultra relativistic hadrons. An overview of validations in Geant4 hadronic physics is presented based on thin‐target measurements. In most cases, good agreement is available between Monte Carlo prediction and experimental data; however, several problems have been detected which require some improvement in the models.
Effect of surfactants on free-surface turbulent flows

In two earlier papers, we studied the statistical and mechanistic structure of the turbulent boundary layer under a stress-free (clean) free surface. Findings there, such as the presence of inner and outer surface layers, are very much the direct result of the absence of shear stresses at the surface. The latter condition is easily lost when the surface is contaminated and surface elasticity varies with space and time. In this paper we consider the effect of surfactant on features of the free-surface turbulent flow. We perform direct numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations subject to surfactant-laden free-surface boundary conditions for varying Reynolds and Marangoni numbers and low Froude numbers. As expected, the Marangoni effect decreases the horizontal turbulence intensity and normal vorticity at the surface. The direct effect on the turbulent kinetic energy is an increase in the dissipation and viscous diffusion and a decrease in the production near the surface relative to the clean case. The most prominent effect of the presence (of even a small amount) of surfactant is the drastic reduction in the surface divergence and the associated sharp decrease of up- and downwelling at the surface which has direct implications to near-surface turbulent transport. The observed surfactant effects on turbulent kinetic energy budget can be attributed to the generation of Marangoni vorticity at the free surface by approaching hairpin vortices. The Marangoni effect has also a direct effect on the boundary-layer structure, causing an increase of the thickness of the boundary layer and in the maxima of the mean shear near the surface. For moderate values of the Marangoni number, up-/downwelling effectively vanishes and the flow approaches a state independent of the Marangoni number. Guided by these results and to obtain theoretical insight, we develop a similarity solution for the mean flow. The analytic solution agrees well with the numerical data and provides precise measures for the multi-layer structure of the boundary layer. Based on the theoretical model, we derive scaling laws for the thickness of the inner and the outer boundary layers, which are also confirmed by numerical simulations.
EVALUATION OF SMOKING AS AN ADDITIONAL RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS BY INCREASED LEVELS OF IL-6, TNF-ALPHA, hsCRP AND ENDOTHELIN-1

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most common causes of mortality in chronic kidney disease. Smoking is a well defined risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) have found elevated in chronic inflam matory process. We aimed to evaluate if IL-6, TNF-alpha, hsCRP and ET-1 are increased in smoker hemodialysis (HD) patient compared to non-smoker HD individuals to potentially refer us cardiovascular diseases noninvasively. Material and methods: 80 smoker and 50 nonsmoker maintenance hemodialysis male patients with similar demographic characters, dialysis and support treatment and metabolic profile. In addition to routine tests, we took samples for evaluating IL-6, TNF-alpha, hsCRP and endothelin-1. P values were measured. Results: In smoker HD patients, IL-6, TNF-alpha, hsCRP and endothe-lin-1 levels were found increased compared to non-smoker individuals. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: This study may refer to us that smoking is an additional risk factor among HD individuals by increased levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, hsCRP and ET-1.
Missing Link: Bayesian detection and measurement of intermediate-mass black-hole binaries

We perform Bayesian analysis of gravitational-wave signals from nonspinning, intermediate-mass black-hole binaries (IMBHBs) with observed total mass, Mobs, from 50M⊙ to 500M⊙ and mass ratio 1–4 using advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors. We employ inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform models based on the effective-one-body formalism and include subleading modes of radiation beyond the leading (2,2) mode. The presence of subleading modes increases signal power for inclined binaries and allows for improved accuracy and precision in measurements of the masses as well as breaking of degeneracies in distance, orientation and polarization. For low total masses, Mobs≲50M⊙, for which the inspiral signal dominates, the observed chirp mass Mobs=Mobsη3/5 (η being the symmetric mass ratio) is better measured. In contrast, as increasing power comes from merger and ringdown, we find that the total mass Mobs has better relative precision than Mobs. Indeed, at high Mobs (≥300M⊙), the signal resembles a burst and the measurement thus extracts the dominant frequency of the signal that depends on Mobs. Depending on the binary’s inclination, at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 12, uncertainties in Mobs can be as large as ∼20–25% while uncertainties in Mobs are ∼50–60% in binaries with unequal masses (those numbers become ∼17% vs. ∼22% in more symmetric mass-ratio binaries). Although large, those uncertainties in Mobs will establish the existence of IMBHs. We find that effective-one-body waveforms with subleading modes are essential to confirm a signal’s presence in the data, with calculated Bayesian evidences yielding a false alarm probability below 10−5 for SNR≳9 in Gaussian noise. Our results show that gravitational-wave observations can offer a unique tool to observe and understand the formation, evolution and demographics of IMBHs, which are difficult to observe in the electromagnetic window.
The onset and saturation of the Faraday instability in miscible fluids in a rotating environment

Abstract We investigate the influence of rotation on the onset and saturation of the Faraday instability in a vertically oscillating two-layer miscible fluid using a theoretical model and direct numerical simulations (DNS). Our analytical approach utilizes Floquet analysis to solve a set of the Mathieu equations obtained from the linear stability analysis. The solution of the Mathieu equations comprises stable and harmonic, and subharmonic unstable regions in a three-dimensional stability diagram. We find that the Coriolis force delays the onset of the subharmonic instability responsible for the growth of the mixing zone size at lower forcing amplitudes. However, at higher forcing amplitudes, the flow is energetic enough to mitigate the instability delaying effect of rotation, and the evolution of the mixing zone size is similar in both rotating and non-rotating environments. These results are corroborated by DNS at different Coriolis frequencies and forcing amplitudes. We also observe that for $(\,f/\omega )^2<0.25$, where $f$ is the Coriolis frequency, and $\omega$ is the forcing frequency, the instability and the turbulent mixing zone size-$L$ saturates. When $(\,f/\omega )^2\geq 0.25$, the turbulent mixing zone size-$L$ never saturates and continues to grow.
HorNet: Efficient High-Order Spatial Interactions with Recursive Gated Convolutions

Recent progress in vision Transformers exhibits great success in various tasks driven by the new spatial modeling mechanism based on dot-product self-attention. In this paper, we show that the key ingredients behind the vision Transformers, namely input-adaptive, long-range and high-order spatial interactions, can also be efficiently implemented with a convolution-based framework. We present the Recursive Gated Convolution ($\textit{g}^\textit{n}$Conv) that performs high-order spatial interactions with gated convolutions and recursive designs. The new operation is highly flexible and customizable, which is compatible with various variants of convolution and extends the two-order interactions in self-attention to arbitrary orders without introducing significant extra computation. $\textit{g}^\textit{n}$Conv can serve as a plug-and-play module to improve various vision Transformers and convolution-based models. Based on the operation, we construct a new family of generic vision backbones named HorNet. Extensive experiments on ImageNet classification, COCO object detection and ADE20K semantic segmentation show HorNet outperform Swin Transformers and ConvNeXt by a significant margin with similar overall architecture and training configurations. HorNet also shows favorable scalability to more training data and larger model sizes. Apart from the effectiveness in visual encoders, we also show $\textit{g}^\textit{n}$Conv can be applied to task-specific decoders and consistently improve dense prediction performance with less computation. Our results demonstrate that $\textit{g}^\textit{n}$Conv can be a new basic module for visual modeling that effectively combines the merits of both vision Transformers and CNNs. Code is available at https://github.com/raoyongming/HorNet
On the proximity of additive and multiplicative functions

: Given an additive function f and a multiplicative function g , let E ( f,g ; x ) = # { n (cid:54) x : f ( n ) = g ( n ) } . We study the size of E ( f,g ; x ) for functions f such that f ( n ) (cid:54) = 0 for at least one integer n > 1 . In particular, we show that for those additive functions f whose values f ( n ) are concentrated around their mean value λ ( n ) , one can ﬁnd a multiplicative function g such that, given any ε > 0 , then E ( f,g ; x ) (cid:29) x/λ ( x ) 1+ ε . We also show that given any additive function satisfying certain regularity conditions, no multiplicative function can coincide with it on a set of positive density. It follows that if ω ( n ) stands for the number of distinct prime factors of n , then, given any ε > 0 , there exists a multiplicative function g such that E ( ω,g ; x ) (cid:29) x/ (log log x ) 1+ ε , while for all multiplicative functions g , we have E ( ω,g ; x ) = o ( x ) as x → ∞ . an
Groups of symplectic involutions on symplectic varieties of Kummer type and their fixed loci

Abstract We describe the Galois action on the middle $\ell $ -adic cohomology of smooth, projective fourfolds $K_A(v)$ that occur as a fiber of the Albanese morphism on moduli spaces of sheaves on an abelian surface A with Mukai vector v. We show this action is determined by the action on $H^2_{\mathrm {\acute{e}t}}(A_{\bar {k}},{\mathbb Q}_{\ell }(1))$ and on a subgroup $G_A(v) \leqslant (A\times \hat {A})[3]$ , which depends on v. This generalizes the analysis carried out by Hassett and Tschinkel over ${\mathbb C}$ [21]. As a consequence, over number fields, we give a condition under which $K_2(A)$ and $K_2(\hat {A})$ are not derived equivalent. The points of $G_A(v)$ correspond to involutions of $K_A(v)$ . Over ${\mathbb C}$ , they are known to be symplectic and contained in the kernel of the map $\operatorname {\mathrm {Aut}}(K_A(v))\to \mathrm {O}(H^2(K_A(v),{\mathbb Z}))$ . We describe this kernel for all varieties $K_A(v)$ of dimension at least $4$ . When $K_A(v)$ is a fourfold over a field of characteristic 0, the fixed-point loci of the involutions contain K3 surfaces whose cycle classes span a large portion of the middle cohomology. We examine the fixed-point locus on fourfolds $K_A(0,l,s)$ over ${\mathbb C}$ where A is $(1,3)$ -polarized, finding the K3 surface to be elliptically fibered under a Lagrangian fibration of $K_A(0,l,s)$ .
Universal Chern number statistics in random matrix fields

We investigate the probability distribution of Chern numbers (quantum Hall conductance integers) for a parametric version of the GUE random matrix ensemble, which is a model for a chaotic or disordered system. The numerically-calculated single-band Chern number statistics agree well with predictions based on an earlier study [O. Gat and M. Wilkinson, SciPost Phys., 10, 149, (2021)] of the statistics of the quantum adiabatic curvature, when the parametric correlation length is small. However, contrary to an earlier conjecture, we find that the gap Chern numbers are correlated, and that the correlation is weak but slowly-decaying. Also, the statistics of weighted sums of Chern numbers differs markedly from predictions based upon the hypothesis that gap Chern numbers are uncorrelated. All our results are consistent with the universality hypothesis described in the earlier paper, including in the previously unstudied regime of large correlation length, where the Chern statistics is highly non-Gaussian.
Gotham Testbed: A Reproducible IoT Testbed for Security Experiments and Dataset Generation

The growing adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought a significant increase in attacks targeting those devices. Machine learning (ML) methods have shown promising results for intrusion detection; however, the scarcity of IoT datasets remains a limiting factor in developing ML-based security systems for IoT scenarios. Static datasets get outdated due to evolving IoT architectures and threat landscape; meanwhile, the testbeds used to generate them are rarely published. This article presents the Gotham testbed, a reproducible and flexible security testbed extendable to accommodate new emulated devices, services or attackers. Gotham is used to build an IoT scenario composed of 100 emulated devices communicating via MQTT, CoAP and RTSP protocols, among others, in a topology composed of 30 switches and 10 routers. The scenario presents three threat actors, including the entire Mirai botnet lifecycle and additional red-teaming tools performing DoS, scanning, and attacks targeting IoT protocols. The testbed has many purposes, including a cyber range, testing security solutions, and capturing network and application data to generate datasets. We hope that researchers can leverage and adapt Gotham to include other devices, state-of-the-art attacks and topologies to share scenarios and datasets that reflect the current IoT settings and threat landscape.
A Ghost in Boötes: The Least-Luminous Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy

We report the discovery of Specter, a disrupted ultrafaint dwarf galaxy revealed by the H3 Spectroscopic Survey. We detected this structure via a pair of comoving metal-poor stars at a distance of 12.5 kpc, and further characterized it with Gaia astrometry and follow-up spectroscopy. Specter is a 25° × 1° stream of stars that is entirely invisible until strict kinematic cuts are applied to remove the Galactic foreground. The spectroscopic members suggest a stellar age τ ≳ 12 Gyr and a mean metallicity 〈[Fe/H]〉=−1.84−0.18+0.16 , with a significant intrinsic metallicity dispersion σ[Fe/H]=0.37−0.13+0.21 . We therefore argue that Specter is the disrupted remnant of an ancient dwarf galaxy. With an integrated luminosity M V ≈ −2.6, Specter is by far the least-luminous dwarf galaxy stream known. We estimate that dozens of similar streams are lurking below the detection threshold of current search techniques, and conclude that spectroscopic surveys offer a novel means to identify extremely low surface brightness structures.