Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three years old child neck FE modelling under automotive accident conditions

Despite of recent progresses in occupant safety, the protection of children is still not optimal. To offer a better understanding of child injury mechanisms, the present study proposes a human-like finite element (FE) model of a three-year-old child's neck. If model validation against scaled experiments involving adults is still under discussion it is today the only way to perform a validation of a child model. The developed neck FE model has been driven with dummy responses coming from experimental real world accident reconstruction using the Q3 dummy in the framework of the EU T-CHILD. A number of intra-cervical parameters have been computed and best correlation with the occurrence of injury was found to be the force transmitted to the odontoid. For the covering abstract see ITRD E141762.
Turnover Intentions: A Qualitative Analysis of Comments from Air Force Civil Engineering Company Grade Officers

Abstract : Voluntary turnover is a concern for the military and many other organizations from a financial and performance standpoint. This study applied grounded theory to code and network comments provided by CE officers in 2010. The results of this study found the most influential construct that predicts turnover intentions to be the relationship of OPSTEMPO influencing interrole conflict. This conflict is increased by the workload at home station due to under manning within CE. OPSTEMPO is an important aspect of a military member? s decision to stay or leave the service because it was found to interact with a multitude of other constructs (e.g. Educational Opportunities, Workload, Job Meaning). Perceived organizational support was found to almost always be related to negative job satisfaction. This study also expanded upon the research of retention intentions and how a retention survey is conducted, especially when conducted on military personnel. The military is a unique organization in a multitude of aspects and surveys should be tailored to address the unique situations each member faces, but still be generalized enough to ask all service members.
Models of coupled smooth muscleand endothelial cells

Impaired mass transfer characteristics of blood borne vaso active species such as ATP in regions such as an arterial bifurcation have been hy pot esized as a prospective mechanism in the aetiology of atherosclerotic lesions. Arterial endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) respond differen tially to altered local hemodynamics and produce coordinated macro-scale re sponses via intercellular communication. Using a computationally designed art erial segment comprising large populations of mathematically modelled coup led ECs & SMCs, we investigate their response to spatial gradients of blood bo rne agonist concentrations and the effect of micro-scale driven perturbation on t he macro-scale. Altering homocellular (between same cell type) and heterocellul ar (between different cell types) intercellular coupling we simulated four cases of normal and pathological arterial segments experiencing an identical gradient in the concentration of the agonist. Results show that the heterocellular calcium (Ca 2+) coupling between ECs and SMCs is important in eliciting a rapid response when the vessel segment is stimulated by the agonist gradient. In the absence of hete rocellular coupling, homocellular Ca 2+ coupling between smooth muscle cells is necessary for propa gation of Ca2+ waves from downstream to upstream cells axially. Desynchro nized intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in coupled smooth muscle cells are mandatory f r this propagation. Upon decoupling the heterocellular memb rane potential, the arterial segment looses the inhibitory effect of endotheli al cells on the Ca 2+ dynamics of underlying smooth muscle cells. The full system co prising hundreds of thousands of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential eq uations simulated on the massively parallel Blue Gene architecture. The use of massiv ely parallel computational architectures shows the capability of this approa ch to address macro-scale phenomena driven by elementary micro-scale components of t he system. 2 LIST OF TABLES 0.0
SAFETY AND OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR DESIGN OF RURAL HIGHWAY CURVES. FINAL REPORT

This research was performed to study the safety and operational characteristics of two-lane rural highway curves. A series of interdependent research methodologies was employed, including (1) multivariate accident analyses; (2) simulation of vehicle/driver operations using HVOSM; (3) field studies of vehicle behavior on highway curves; (4) analytical studies of specific problems involving highway curve operations. Among the study findings are recommendations regarding design of the highway curves. The research indicated important trade-offs among curve radius, curve length and superelevation. The value of spiral transitions was demonstrated by the studies of driver behavior. Significant path overshoot was observed at all sites regardless of the curve radius; this behavior was also modeled by HVOSM. Studies of accidents on highway curves showed single-vehicle run-off-road accidents to be of paramount concern. Roadside treatment countermeasures were found to offer the greatest potential for mitigating the frequency and severity of accidents on rural highway curves.
Modulation of RNA condensation by the eIF4A RNA helicase

1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA! 2. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA! 3. Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center and the Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada! 4. These authors contributed equally!
Should Health Service Managers Embrace Open Plan Work Environments?: A Review

Introduction: In an era of changing workplace reforms, health service managers are embracing innovative work place designs, such as open plan work environments, where employees may have more flexibility. Managers are constantly seeking different ways of transforming their workplace so that their corporate culture and image can be improved. On the one hand, they must respond to corporate pressures to reduce the costs of building facilities and on the other hand they are indirectly introducing different types of issues that affect their employees. Method: A review of the literature was conducted by examining textbooks and journal articles in relation to the various issues that affect employees in an open plan work environment. Results: Research evidence shows that employees face a multitude of problems such as the loss of privacy, loss of identity, low work productivity, various health issues, overstimulation and low job satisfaction when working in an open plan work environment. Conclusion: Managers need to have a better understanding of open plan work environments before embracing such workplace designs. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended when decisions are being made in relation to which type of environment is better suited to the requirements of their employees as this has an impact on workforce productivity and job satisfaction.
Robust Vision-based Thermal Control Systems with Industrial Applications

As multimodal camera networks have been deployed in various environment, image fusion is playing a critical role for better visual perception and process parameter measurement. The objective of the dissertation is to design robust vision-based thermal control systems to tolerate uncertainties for industrial automaton. To be specific, two new methods have been proposed, one for robust shape fitting in visual images and another for packet loss recovery in thermal images. Firstly, an adaptive curve fitting technique is proposed based on prediction error sum of squares for the sampled data set containing outliers. The method converges very fast and can achieve superaccuracy under certain conditions when compared with other algorithms. The method is applied to estimate an optimal curve equation of a casting die in the visual images. Secondly, the thermal image loss generated by network traffic from camera nodes to fusion center is modeled as a Markov chain. A graph cuts method is proposed to recover the loss based on thermal pattern classification. Simulation results show that thermal information can be partially retrieved, which may greatly increase the robustness of a thermal management system. The proposed methods are tested with a laboratory die casting process simulator with two visual cameras and one thermal camera. A simple fuzzy PID controller is designed to integrate the visual sensors into a control loop. The experimental results show that the homogeneity of the temperature distribution in a die may become achievable through the vision based thermal control system.
Time to develop tuberculosis and predictors of incidence among anti-retroviral therapy children on two selected hospitals at benishangule Gumuz region, North West Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study

Background: Currently, tuberculosis (TB) incidence in peadtrics and children living with human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) is an emerging global concern. Although, the incidence of TB among adult HIV patients is exhaustively studied; the incidence of TB among children on ART is overlooked. Knowledge of the time when TB develops among children on ART could be helpful to develop time relevant intervention strategies.Methods: This was a hospital based retrospective cohort study conducted among 429 children on ART from 2009-2018. Time to develop TB was defined as time from enrollment for ART care until development of TB among children on ART. Proportional hazard assumption was checked for each variable and no variable was found with Schoenfeld test <0.05. Variables with P-value <0.25 at bivariate Cox regression analysis were entered into multivariable Cox model. Multivariable Cox regression model with 95%CI and AHR was used to identify significant predictor variables to develop TB at P< 0.05Result: 421 children were followed for a total of 662.5 Person Years of observation (PYO). The maximum and minimum follow up time on ART was 0.37 and 4.49 years, respectively. The median age of the children on ART at enrollment was 9 years (SD=3.36). The Overall incidence density of tuberculosis in HIV infected children was 9.6/ 100 PYOs 95%CI (8.06-10.3). Tuberculosis occurrence among HIV infected children was significantly associated within TB history of contact AHR=3.7, 95%CI (2.89-7.2), not started on cotrimoxazole(CPT) AHR=2.4: 95%CI (1.84-4.74), incomplete vaccination AHR=2.4, 95%CI (1.32-4.5), sever stunting AHR =2.99:95%CI (1.2-7.81), having hemoglobin (Hgb) ≤10 mg/dl AHR = 4.02, 95%CI (2.01-8.1)Conclusion: More than 80% of TB incidences occurred during two years of follow up after ART started. So intensified screening of CPT& therapeutic feeding is highly recommended for all children
Comparison of Status Variables among Accident and Non-Accident Airmen from the Active Airman Population

Abstract : The distributions of age, weight, height, body weight/body surface area and ponderal index for the accident versus non-accident segments of the active airman population were compared for years 1966-1967. The differences in the distributions of these five status variables in the accident versus non- accident population segments were statistically significant in all instances. The accident rate increased with age and was highest for ages of 60 or greater. The accident rate also increased with the variables related to increasing body weight. The interrelationship between age and body weight represents the most obvious focus for future research efforts. Various paired combinations of age with each of the other four variables are potentially capable of narrowing the focus of where, within the active airman population, to search for undetected human factors associated with accidents.
Demonstration of the subjective transfer function approach applied to Air-Force-wide mission area analysis

Abstract : This note describes an application of the subjective transfer function (STF) approach to complex system analysis to an Air-Force-Wide Mission Area Analysis (AFWMAA) problem domain. Following a short description of the background that led up to the research and an overview of the STF approach, the authors discuss how the STF approach was applied to the AFWMAA problem domain of immediate targeting for battlefield air interdiction in the tactical command and control mission area. That section includes: the hypothesized structure of the problem domain: how the judgment data were gathered; the judgment models entertained as STFs to explain how the components comprising the structure affect judged outcomes; how the data were analyzed to provide information about the appropriateness of the hypothesized structure and the appropriate STFs for functionally linking the components of the structure; and how resulting STFs would be used to assess the capabilities of alternative command and control systems. Finally, the significant features of the STF approach are described and a brief summary is presented. (Author)
Chromosomal Aberration of Fasciola Hepatica Acetone Powder: In Vitro Study on Human Lymphocytes

Fasciola hepatica metazoan trematodes parasite that is living in the liver of their host (sheep, goat and human). It usually cause pathological changes in the parasitized organs. Acetone powder technique is used to prepare partially purified organic material of adult worms. Various concentrations of Fasciola hepatica acetone extract (5 mg/ml, 10 mg /ml , 15mg/ml , 20 mg/ml and 40 mg /ml) are used on human lymphocyte culture for studying some chromosomal aberration. Chromosomal aberrations includes Isogap, Breaks and Dicentrics for chromosomes; Gaps and deletion for chromatids; and mitotic index (MI). This In-vitro study revealed that acetone powder extract of Fasciola hepatica parasites causing various genotoxicity effects in the human lymphocyte cells. These effects are ascending in their increasing in significance differences (P< 0.001) for all treatment against control as concentration of acetone extract is increased.
Towards the digital library:findings of an investigation to establish the current status of university libraries in Africa.

The term digital library is used to refer to a library where some or all of the holdings are available in electronic form, and the services of the library are also made available electronically – frequently over the Internet. Over the past fifteen years libraries worldwide have increased their holdings of electronic information and automated their operations, but within Africa digital development has been uneven. The philosophy of the academic library as a passive repository has taken longer to change, and librarians have not had the opportunities to critically reflect on what has been developed, and what their priorities are for the future. In 2004 INASP commissioned a survey of the current status of digital libraries in sub-Saharan Anglophone Africa, so as to draw conclusions on where future developments and investments might be made, and what can be learnt from the implementation of digital libraries within the continent.
Epidemiological Study of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Sheep and Goat During 2005-2017 in Palestine.

The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological occurrence of Peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goat in Palestine during 2005-2017. Data were collected from the annual agricultural census released by the Palestinian central bureau of statistics and the reports of world organization for animal health, submitted by the general directorate of veterinary services and animal health between 2005 and 2017. The study indicated that Peste des petits ruminants is enzootic in Palestine, reported in each year of the study period. The incidence rate ranged from 1.78 to 14.36% with an average of 6.39% per year and per 104 animals. The average morbidity, morbidity and case fatality rate were 8.89%, 2.89%, and 33.57% respectively. Temporal analysis obtained that Peste des petits ruminants is more epizootic in the dry season between April and August with a significant peak on June. The Peste des petits ruminants vaccination rate in Palestine was low and not well organized, ranged from 0.77-34.39% with an average rate of 9%. The appropriate data recording, improving owner awareness, expand the use of the Peste des petits ruminants vaccine and a systematic disease monitoring program are required to control the spread of the disease.
Evidence of Print Gap Airflow Affecting Web Printing Quality

The current study extends our earlier investigation on the real-time dynamics of print gap airflow around a single jetted drop over a moving substrate. In the present work, simulated web press printing was performed using a stationary grey-scale commercial inkjet print head to print full-width block of solid colour images onto a paper substrate with extended print gaps. The resultant printed images exhibit patterns or 'wood-graining' effects which become more prevalent as the relevant Reynolds number (Re) increases. The high-resolution scans of the printed images revealed that the patterns are created by oscillation and coalescence of neighboring printed tracks across the web. The phenomenon could be a result of drop stream perturbations caused by unsteady print gap airflow of the type similar to that observed in the previous study. ©2013; Society for Imaging Science and Technology.
Genetic algorithm optimization of a film cooling array on a modern turbine inlet vane

Abstract : In response to the need for more advanced gas turbine cooling design methods that factor in the 3-D flowfield and heat transfer characteristics, this study involves the computational optimization of a pressure side film cooling array on a modern turbine inlet vane. Latin hypersquare sampling, genetic algorithm reproduction, and Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as an evaluation step are used to assess a total of 1,800 film cooling designs over 13 generations. The process was efficient due to the Leo CFD code's ability to estimate cooling mass flux at surface grid cells using a transpiration boundary condition, eliminating the need for remeshing between designs. The optimization resulted in a unique cooling design relative to the baseline with new injection angles, compound angles, cooling row patterns, hole sizes, a redistribution of cooling holes away from the over-cooled midspan to hot areas near the shroud, and a lower maximum surface temperature. To experimentally confirm relative design trends between the optimized and baseline designs, flat plate infrared thermography assessments were carried out at design flow conditions. Use of flat plate experiments to model vane pressure side cooling was justified through a conjugate heat transfer CFD comparison of the 3-D vane and flat plate which showed similar cooling performance trends at multiple span locations. The optimized flat plate model exhibited lower minimum surface temperatures at multiple span locations compared to the baseline. Overall, this work shows promise of optimizing film cooling to reduce design cycle time and save cooling mass flow in a gas turbine.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Among Prisoners and Non-Prisoners in Zomba, Malawi

Background TB remains a major global health problem. it is particularly prevalent in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa. Prisoners have experienced worse TB treatment outcomes than the general population. The researchers investigated the TB treatment outcomes and pre d ictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among prisoners and the general population. Methods We retrospectively reviewed TB registers of prisoners and the general population diagnosed with TB from January 2011 to December 2016 at Zomba Maximum Central Prison and Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi. The study used routinely collected data extracted from national, standardized TB treatment monitoring tools. Successful treatment outcome was classified as the total for cured and completed treatment while unsuccessful treatment outcome was classified as the total of deaths and treatment failures. We used descriptive statistics to compare the demographics and TB treatment parameters among prisoners and non – prisoners and computed multivariate analysis to predict the independent factors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Results Of 1652 registered cases, 27% were prisoners (all males) and 72% were non-prisoners (58 % males). The median age was 35 years (IQR: 29 - 42); 76 % were Pulmonary TB cases (78 % among prisoners vs 75% among non-prisoners); 83 % were new TB cases (77% among prisoners vs 86% among non-prisoners); and 65 % were HIV positive (50 % among prisoners vs 71% among non – prisoners). Regarding treatment outcome, 1472 (89%) were cured and/or completed treatment (93% among prisoners vs 88 % among non – prisoners), 2 (0.2%) were treatment failures, 122 (8%) died (5 % among prisoners vs 8 % among non – prisoners) and 55 (3%) were not evaluated (1% among prisoners vs 4% among non – prisoners). Unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes were associated with age greater than 35 years (aOR = 0.68: 95% C.I: 0.58 – 0.80), Extra-Pulmonary TB (aOR=1.69: 95% C.I: 1.08 – 2.63) andHIV positive status (aOR = 0.63: 95 % C.I: 0.42 – 0.94). Conclusion Maximum prisons provide a stable population that can be easily monitored during TB treatment. Good TB treatment outcomes comparable to the general population can be achieved among prisoners despite the challenging prison conditions.
Promoting sustainable and inclusive value chains for fruits and vegetables - Policy review

The persistence of undernutrition and the increasing levels of overweight and obesity worldwide (with their associated societal costs) are calling for a transformation of food systems towards healthier diets. Fruits and vegetables are key components of a healthy diet; however, their consumption is considerably below the minimal levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). This under consumption is particularly pronounced in lowand middle-income countries and among low-income socio-economic groups in all countries. This paper uses the value chain approach to analyze the factors that affect the availability and affordability of fruits and vegetables. It examines major challenges across the value chain and identifies opportunities for improvement as seen through a nutrition-sensitive lens. Factors that negatively affect the availability and affordability of fruits and vegetables discussed in this paper include low production and productivity, the loss of agrobiodiversity, inadequate technology, logistics and infrastructure, weak organizational, business and technical skills, and inefficient market linkages across the supply chain. The paper proposes a number of policy recommendations based on insights from documented cases of good practices and on lessons learnt in domestic and export-oriented value chains. The paper makes a case for reviving native, underutilized and neglected fruit and vegetable varieties to improve nutrition and increase agrobiodiversity. In addition, short value chains delivering to local markets are recommended as a resilience strategy for smallscale producers and low-income consumers in the face of climatic and economic shocks. The paper advocates the reshaping of value chains through policies that boost efficiency, promote the inclusion of poor and vulnerable actors − including consumers − in the chain, and ensure that production is environmentally sustainable.