Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the design of saturated riparian buffers for removing nitrate from subsurface drainage

In the U.S. Midwest, agricultural subsurface drainage, or tile, is commonly used to improve crop production; however, because nitrate is easily leached, tile drainage typically has high nitrate loads. Nitrate exported via tile drainage impairs water quality and can be reduced by implementing conservation practices, such as saturated riparian buffers (SRBs). SRBs function by redistributing the nitrate-rich tile drainage through the soil of a vegetated buffer zone via a perforated distribution pipe, facilitating denitrification and plant uptake. Because this practice is relatively new, there has been limited research into how SRBs function and how to effectively design them. In the first study, an equation for the optimal SRB width was derived by applying a mass balance to maximize the nitrate removal effectiveness. The optimal width is smaller than the current width at each of the six study sites, and two sites have optimal widths that are smaller than the minimum width specified in the current NRCS design standards. In the second study, a three-dimensional, finitedifference groundwater flow model was developed to better understand how groundwater flows in SRBs. Because flow is one-dimensional in most of the SRB, assuming onedimensional groundwater flow in an SRB is reasonable. The median error associated with computing the travel time using a one-dimensional approximation is 11.6%. The flow path of the tile drainage toward the stream depends on where it exits the distribution pipe; the flow that leaves through the top perforations at the end of the distribution pipe has the greatest potential for nitrate removal. Better understanding how groundwater flows in an SRB is an important step toward improving design to more effectively improve water quality.
Bioactive cembranoids from the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum

Abstract A chemical investigation of the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum led to the isolation of one new cembranoid diterpene, namely (1 S ,2 E ,4 R ,6 E ,8 S ,11 R ,12 S )-8,11-epoxy-4,12-epoxy-2,6-cembradiene ( 2 ), two cembranoid diterpenes isolated from Nature for the first time, (1 S ,2 E ,4 R ,6 E ,8 R ,11 S ,12 R )-8,12-epoxy-2,6-cembradiene-4,11-diol ( 3 ) and (1 S ,4 R ,13 S )-cembra-2 E ,7 E ,11 E -trien-4,13-diol ( 6 ) as well as three known compounds, sarcophine ( 1 ), (+)-7α,8β-dihydroxydeepoxysarcophine ( 4 ) and sarcophytolide ( 5 ). Structure elucidation was achieved using spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D-NMR and HRMS. Biological activity investigations of the six isolated compounds were undertaken.
External and Domestic Shocks, Exchange Rate, Country Risk Premia and Macroeconomic Conditions in Turkey

The Turkish financial markets have been in turmoil due to the adverse shocks that have originated from both global financial conditions and its domestic political environment. These shocks â€” especially those caused by the recent political tension in August 2018 â€” have resulted in a large depreciation in the Turkish lira and a significant increase in Turkeyâ€™s country risk premium. This study empirically investigates the macroeconomic consequences of the recent shocks, i.e., the effects of the August depreciation and the recent jump in the risk premium, by estimating a vector autoregression model with monthly data from January 1997 to October 2018. We find that the recent adverse shocks â€” exchange rate, country risk premium, political risk, and external financial shocks â€” bring serious macroeconomic consequences, such as a recession and high inflation. To mitigate these adverse effects, policy makers should take immediate measures to restore the investorsâ€™ confidence. These measures, in turn, can help to decrease Turkeyâ€™s country risk premium and stabilize the Turkish lira.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING STYLES AND CHILDREN’S SOCIAL SKILLS

This study aims to identify the relationship between parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive) and social skills (social cooperation, social interaction, and social independence) of preschool children in Banda Aceh. A total of 242 parents of two pre-schools in Banda Aceh were selected as samples in this quantitative research. Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales (PKBS) were used to collect data questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation. Overall correlation analysis shows that there is significant correlation (p<0.05) between authoritative parenting style with children’s social skills, there is no significant correlation (p>0.05) between the authoritarian parenting style with children’s social skills, and there is no significant correlation (p>0.05) between the permissive parenting style with children’s social skills. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of science, beneficial to parents in educating and rising their children so that they can acquire good and appropriate social skills, and hopefully it can be referenced as a guide and useful input.
Characterizing patterns of opah (Lampris spp.) catch-per-unit- effort in the eastern North Pacific Ocean

This project examines opah catch in the North Pacific. The goal is to visually characterize temporal and spatial patterns in fishing effort, catch, and aggregate nominal catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for the Hawaii and California based deep-set pelagic longline fishery to see if it is possible to differentiate the spatial distributions of both opah species known to be in the North Pacific. It should be noted that the two species are not differentiated in the data and are recorded simply as generic “opah”. To examine patterns, analyses were performed using logbook data from 1996 to 2018 to summarize catch and effort information into 5O x 5O spatial blocks to form a grid across the fishery range. Average annual number of sets, catch, and aggregate nominal CPUE were visualized for the entire time series. The fishery has expanded significantly over the last 23 years from just around the Hawaiian Islands to encompassing most of the ocean between Hawaii and continental North America, outside the U.S. exclusive economic zone. Opah CPUE is highest in the northeastern extent of the fishery range, east of 150O W, with catch and CPUE steadily increasing from west to east. Prior DNA studies indicate that most smalleye opah (Lampris incognitus) are found near the California coastline and most bigeye opah (Lampris megalopsis) are found near Hawaii, which suggests that the North Pacific areas with high opah CPUE are likely dominated by smalleye opah. Introduction Opah (Lampris spp.) are large laterally compressed fish, reaching upwards of 200 pounds and roughly 5 feet in length and with silver and orange coloration (Hawn and Collette 2012). Opah are found in mesopelagic habitats in many tropical and temperate marine regions throughout the world (Hyde et al 2014, Underkoffler et al 2018). Like other mesopelagic predatory fish, opah undergo vertical migrations in the water column to feed on deeper prey and return to warmer, shallower waters to regulate body temperature (Wegner et al 2015). Opah have unique adaptations that give them an advantage in cold and deep environments. Unlike other fish that primarily use their tail fin to swim in the water, opah rapidly flap their pectoral fins on the sides of their bodies to generate momentum (Wegner et al 2015). This high rate of constant activity produces heat which is retained within the opah’s body due to counter-current heat exchangers in the gills and insulating tissue (Wegner et al 2015). This heat gets distributed throughout the entire body, effectively making opah full-body endothermic, or “warm-blooded” fish, which allows them to feed for longer and more effectively in colder deep environments without returning to warmer surface waters (Wegner et al 2015). Despite the recent discoveries into their unique endothermic abilities, there are still many biological and ecological unknowns surrounding opah. Studying the life history and population dynamics of opah are becoming priorities for scientists, but deep-water habitats and sparse data availability makes the fish difficult to study.
Evaluating Mexico’s Torture Epidemic through the Lens of Judicial Reform

“When, more than 30 hours after their arrest, [Korina and Denise] were finally taken to a public prosecutor[. ], Korina was pressured into signing a “confession” admitting to involvement in organized crime and drug offences. Denise was accused of the same crimes. When Korina told a Navy doctor what the marines had done to her, [. ] he said: ‘shut the fuck up, don ́t say bullshit. ’ Both women reported the torture they suffered in front of a judge, but their allegations were later ignored by an appeals judge. ”
Antifungal sensitivity of Candida Sp. isolated from gynaecology and medicine patients attending at a tertiary care hospital

Objective: In this study we have found the prevalence of Candidal Sp. in vulvo-vaginal and skin infections of the patients attending the OPD of medicine and Gynaecology. We have additionally evaluated the drug sensitivity patterns of recognized Candida sp. Methods: This observational study was conducted in IMS and SUM hospital for 14 months from January 2015 to February 2016, and the purpose was to find the causative organisms for infections. Species differentiation was confirmed via particular tradition medium methods. Antifungal susceptibility of isolated Candida species have been evaluated with disc diffusion methods. Results: Of the 219 Candida isolates, majority of them have been isolated from the branch of Gynaecology 160(73.1%) and Medicine department 59(26.9%). Moreover, 144(65.8%) samples have been of unmarried girls and 75(34.2%) were of married women. Candida albicans 128 (58.45%) was the most principal species followed by Candida glabrata 30(13.69%), Candida tropicalis 26(11.87%), Candida krusei 17(7.76%), Candida parapsilosis 12(5.47%), Candida dubliniensis 3(1.37%) and Candida lusitaniae 3(1.37). All isolates have been most susceptible to Itraconazole with a susceptibility charge of 213(97.26%). The highest resistance become found for voriconazole 40(18.26%) compared to fluconazole 32(14.61%). Conclusion: Candida species has been the most common cause of vulvo-vaginitis in both married and unmarried women and many antifungals are effective against it but in this observational study we found out that Itraconazole was the most effective antifungal for vulvo-vaginal and skin infections.
Joint Estimation and Analysis of Risk Behavior Ratings in Movie Scripts

Exposure to violent, sexual, or substance-abuse content in media increases the willingness of children and adolescents to imitate similar behaviors. Computational methods that identify portrayals of risk behaviors from audio-visual cues are limited in their applicability to films in post-production, where modifications might be prohibitively expensive. To address this limitation, we propose a model that estimates content ratings based on the language use in movie scripts, making our solution available at the earlier stages of creative production. Our model significantly improves the state-of-the-art by adapting novel techniques to learn better movie representations from the semantic and sentiment aspects of a character’s language use, and by leveraging the co-occurrence of risk behaviors, following a multi-task approach. Additionally, we show how this approach can be useful to learn novel insights on the joint portrayal of these behaviors, and on the subtleties that filmmakers may otherwise not pick up on.
Dietary Sulfur Amino Acids Can Spare Taurine in Rock Bream Oplegnathus fasciatus

An 8 week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate whether methionine and cysteine would effectively spare taurine supplementation on growth performance in juvenile rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. Triplicate groups of 25 fish averaging 2.74 ± 0.04 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the experimental diets. Five experimental diets including a fish meal based control diet were prepared by adding sulfur amino acid at fixed level of 1.0% and taurine at graded levels of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% (S + Tau 0, S + Tau0.25, S + Tau0.5 and S + Tau1.0, respectively). After the feeding trial, growth performance of fish fed the S + Tau 0.25, S + Tau0.5 and S + Tau1.0 diets were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than those of fish fed the Control diet. ANOVA test suggested that when sulfur amino acid were supplemented to the diets, the optimum taurine supplementation level could be 0.25% in the diet, and broken line analysis of weight gain indicated a level of 0.33%, for positive effects on growth and feed utilization. Fish whole-body protein content and taurine concentration steadily increased with the increase of dietary level in the presence of sulfur amino acid in the diets. On the other hand, whole-body lipid content significantly decreased with the incremental levels of dietary taurine. In conclusion, the results of the present study clearly indicated that dietary supplementation of methionine and cysteine at a level of 1% could spare 0.25 to 0.33% of taurine in juvenile O. fasciatus diets.
Myths and fallacies in earthquake engineering

Current practice in seismic analysis and design is examined, with particular reference to reinforced concrete structures. The attitude of the paper is deliberately iconoclastic, tilting at targets it is hoped will not be seen as windmills. It is suggested that our current emphasis on strength-based design and ductility leads us in directions that are not always rational. A pure displacement-based design approach is advanced as a viable alternative. Improvements resulting from increased sophistication of analyses are seen to be largely illusory. Energy absorption is shown to be a mixed blessing. Finally, accepted practices for flexural design, shear design, development of reinforcement, and the philosophic basis of capacity design are questioned.
Web Relocation and Habitat Selection in Desert Widow Spider

We investigated web relocation and habitat selection in Latrodectus revivensis (Theridiidae), a widow spider that constructs webs on scattered shrubs in the Negev desert. We used repeated observations of individual spiders' habitat preferences, movements to new web sites, growth, fecundity, and survival under natural and manipulated habitat conditions to examine relationships between movement, habitat, and components of fitness. Our main objectives were to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of movement, and the causes, costs, and fitness consequences of shifting habitat. Repeated censuses of individually marked females showed that web relocation in L. revivensis is associated with spider growth. Spiders tended to move larger shrubs after one or two molts, and the size of web components and web—site features scaled to body size. Moves occurred mainly in Spring (March—May), and most moves (74%) were by juveniles. The main cost of web relocation was increased mortality: there was a 40% chance of death during a move. A comparison of occupied shrubs with those available in the habitat indicated strong site selection involving seasonally varying and age—dependent preferences for particular shrub species, and a general preference for taller shrubs. Prey availability at shrubs (as measured by pitfall traps, and by prey remains in nests) varied spatially and was affected by shrub species and size. However these effects were small compared to habitat—wide temporal variation in prey availability, suggesting that web—site relocations would not result in substantially higher prey capture. Nonetheless, movement to larger shrubs resulted in improved spider body condition and, ultimately, greater reproductive success. The advantages of web—site relocation in this species may relate to architectural features of shrubs that provide support for the web, and minimize exposure by thermal extremes and to predators. However, experimental manipulation of exposure by trimming shrubs did not decrease spider fitness. We suggest that web—site selection in this species is less precise than expected because of the risk of dying during a move.
PR ] 2 3 Se p 20 20 MARGINAL DYNAMICS OF INTERACTING DIFFUSIONS ON UNIMODULAR GALTON-WATSON

Consider a system of homogeneous interacting diffusive particles labeled by the nodes of a unimodular Galton-Watson tree, where the state of each node evolves infinitesimally like a d-dimensional diffusion whose drift coefficient depends on (the histories of) its own state and the states of neighboring nodes, and whose diffusion coefficient depends only on its own state. Under suitable regularity assumptions on the coefficients, an autonomous characterization is obtained for the marginal distribution of the dynamics of the neighborhood of a typical node in terms of a certain local equation, which is a new kind of stochastic differential equation that is nonlinear in the sense of McKean. This equation describes a finite-dimensional non-Markovian stochastic process whose infinitesimal evolution at any time depends not only on the structure and current state of the neighborhood, but also on the conditional law of the current state given the past of the neighborhood process until that time. Such marginal distributions are of interest because they arise as weak limits of both marginal distributions and empirical measures of interacting diffusions on many sequences of sparse random graphs, including the configuration model and Erdös-Rényi graphs whose average degrees converge to a finite non-zero limit. The results obtained complement classical results in the mean-field regime, which characterize the limiting dynamics of homogeneous interacting diffusions on complete graphs, as the number of nodes goes to infinity, in terms of a corresponding nonlinear Markov process. However, in the sparse graph setting, the topology of the graph matters, and the analysis requires a completely different approach. Important ingredients of the proofs include conditional independence and symmetry properties for particle trajectories on unimodular Galton-Watson trees, a stochastic analytic result on projections of Itô processes, and a recursive construction for establishing well-posedness of the local equation.
"You can try or you can just give up": The impact of perceived control and coping style on childhood homesickness

Research on children's coping with homesickness during relatively uncontrollable separations has suggested that secondary control coping (i.e., adjusting oneself to fit objective conditions) is often preferred over primary control coping (i.e., modifying objective conditions to fit oneself). Related research suggests that negative affect is associated with (a) relinquishing control or using primary control to cope with uncontrollable stressors and (b) perceiving low control over stressors. The convergence of these factors was examined for the stressor of homesickness. Among 1,032 boys and girls spending 2 weeks at residential summer camps, the most frequent and effective way of coping with homesickness was to exert secondary control by engaging in a distracting physical activity. Contrary to speculation, the use of secondary control coping rose in adolescence. Congruent with empirical predictions, the most homesick children perceived low control over homesickness and separation, and coped by relinquishing control.
Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin's Disease React With the Plasma Cell-Specific Monoclonal Antibody B-B4 and Express Human Syndecan-1

Although the cellular origin of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells of classical Hodgkin's disease (HD) has been a controversial issue for many years, recent immunophenotypic and molecular studies have suggested that RS cells of a subset of classical HD cases may be related to B cells. To further define the immunophenotypic features and the differentiation stage of RS cells, a series of 56 HD samples, including both nodular lymphocyte predominance (LP) (eight cases) and classical HD (nodular sclerosis [NS], 32 cases; mixed cellularity [MC], 16 cases) with a non-T–cell phenotype, were evaluated for the immunohistochemical expression of the B-B4 antigen, a specific marker for terminally differentiated B cells. Because the cDNA of the B-B4 antigen encodes syndecan-1, a member of a family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans thought to be involved in binding cells of the B lineage to the interstitial matrix, the B-B4 immunoreactivity was correlated with the expression of syndecan-1 in HD-derived cell lines (L428, KM-H2), as detected by both reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies and Western blotting. Our results show that B-B4 reacts with RS cells and their morphological variants of all cases of classical HD, irrespective of their antigenic phenotype (B, undetermined), albeit at a varying degree of cellular expression. Notably, a high reactivity and staining intensity for the B-B4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was restricted to tumor cells from NS HD. In cases of the latter subtype, B-B4 positivity was also found in sclerosis-trapped spindle cells (fibrocytes/fibroblasts). Conversely, the putative tumor cells of nodular LP HD were consistently unreactive with the B-B4 MoAb. Finally, we have demonstrated by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and Western blotting that cultured RS cells, of B and undetermined phenotype, express syndecan-1 mRNA and produce a form of syndecan-1, recognized by the B-B4 MoAb, which is predominantly associated with glycosaminoglycans and is present at the cell surface. Our detection of the plasma cell-specific antigen B-B4 (syndecan-1) on tumor cells of classical HD further supports that RS cell progenitors may be related to germinal/postgerminal center mature B cells and suggests that expression of syndecan-1 may contribute to some of the typical biologic and histopathologic features of classical HD, with a special regard to the NS subtype.
Biology of cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton

Studies on biology of cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci were carried out under screen house conditions on cotton (variety H-1117 and hybrid RCH 134 BG II). Whitefly exhibited three nymphal instars and a pupal stage before reaching the adult stage. The fecundity varied from 34–49 and 45–69 eggs per female on cotton variety and cotton hybrid, respectively. Total life cycle from egg to adult was varied from 19–28 and 18–27 days on cotton variety and hybrid, respectively.