Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochar-Induced Priming Effects in Young and Old Poplar Plantation Soils

: The priming effect (PE) induced by biochar provides a basis for evaluating its carbon (C) sequestration potential in soils. A 60 days’ laboratory incubation was conducted, which involved the amendment of biochar (1% of soil mass) produced from rice straw at 300ºC (B300) and 500ºC (B500) to young (Y) and old (O) poplar plantation soils, with the aim of studying the responses of biochar-induced PEs to poplar plantation ages. This incubation included six treatments: Y + CK (control), Y + B300, Y + B500, O + CK, O + B300, and O + B500. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions were significantly increased ( p < 0.05) in the B300 amended soils, while it was decreased in the B500 amended soils compared to the CK. The primed CO 2 emissions were 2.35 times higher in the Y + B300 than the O + B300 treatments, which was measured to be 18.6 and 5.56 mg C·kg -1 with relative PEs of 12.4% and 3.35%, respectively. However, there was little difference between the primed CO 2 emissions in Y + B500 and O + B500 treatments, which were measured to be -24.9 and -29.6 mg·C·kg -1 with relative PEs of -16.6% and -17.8%, respectively. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was significantly lower in the young poplar plantation soil than that in the old poplar plantation soil regardless of biochar amendment throughout the incubation, indicating greater C-limit of soil microorganisms in the young poplar plantation soil. Using 13 C isotope tracing, neither B300 nor B500 decreased native soil-derived DOC, which indicated that the negative B500-induced PEs were not due to a reduction in the availability of native soil-derived C. In conclusion, the response of biochar-induced PEs to poplar plantation age depends on biochar types while soil available C indirectly affects biochar-induced PEs. Further studies should focus on how the interactive effects between soil C availability and microbial community impacts biochar-induced PEs. native soil-derived C. To accomplish these goals, we conducted a laboratory incubation experiment through the amendment of the 13 C spiked biochars pyrolyzed at 300ºC and 500ºC to soils in young and old poplar plantations. Subsequently, the SOC mineralization as well as C availability were monitored for 60 days during the incubation. Soil respired CO 2 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were assigned to native SOC and the applied biochars using 13 C tracing. the negative PEs induced by biochar pyrolyzed 500ºC similar in young and old poplar plantation soils. C analysis indicated that negative PEs induced by biochar pyrolyzed at 500ºC the decrease of native soil-derived C availability. In the response of biochar-induced PEs to poplar plantation ages depends on biochar’s pyrolysis temperatures while soil available C affects biochar-induced PEs.
BEE PLANT INVENTORY AND THE POLLEN POTENTIALITY OF MENAGESHA SUBA STATE FOREST FOR BEEKEEPING UTILIZATION

The study was designed with the objectives of assessing the pollen yielding plant species and to establish, the flowering phenology of bee plants. Pollen was collected from the zander beehives using the pollen trap fitted to the entrance of beehives for two years. The pollen was identified using light microscope with a 400x magnification. The nutritive analysis was made for total nitrogen, protein and mineral for bee collected pollen at Holeta Agricultural Research Center soil and plants laboratory. Fifty eight plant species were identified as a source of nectar and pollen or pollen, of which 27 plant species were the major pollen source plants in the area. Nutritional analysis indicated that pollen from Andropogon abyssinicus, Cyanotis barbata, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Justicia ladanoides, Justicia schimperiana , and Trifolium spp. were high in protein. Menagesha Suba State Forest was found to be rich in pollen and nectar source plants and therefore integration of beekeeping with forest conservation program is highly recommended for sustainable utilization of this forest. Keywords/phrases: Menagesha, Pollen, Protein, Vegetation Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci . , 8(2): 85-97, 2009
The Implied Shape of an Object in Adults’ and Children’s Visual Representations

ABSTRACT When hearing an object label, a specific object may come to mind. With the phrase, “There was a balloon in the pack/air” the representation of balloon varies based on the implied shape (deflated vs. inflated). The current study investigated whether the implied shape affects sentence-picture verification for adults and preschool children. Participants heard sentences and compared them to visual stimuli (congruent, incongruent, or filler). Adults were faster when the sentence and implied shape were congruent thereby demonstrating a match effect. Across both ages, responses were more accurate when the sentence and implied shape were congruent. The children’s response accuracy indicates young children activate a specific implied shape of an object and not just a generic or prototypical shape, demonstrating a match effect. The match effect is not specific to skilled readers and could be related to an embodied theory of language comprehension. This research has implications for understanding how people conceptualize words during language comprehension by demonstrating that even children utilize implied shape information in their visual representations.
Vggsound: A Large-Scale Audio-Visual Dataset

Our goal is to collect a large-scale audio-visual dataset with low label noise from videos ‘in the wild’ using computer vision techniques. The resulting dataset can be used for training and evaluating audio recognition models. We make three contributions. First, we propose a scalable pipeline based on computer vision techniques to create an audio dataset from open-source media. Our pipeline involves obtaining videos from YouTube; using image classification algorithms to localize audio-visual correspondence; and filtering out ambient noise using audio verification. Second, we use this pipeline to curate the VGGSound dataset consisting of more than 200k videos for 300 audio classes. Third, we investigate various Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures and aggregation approaches to establish audio recognition baselines for our new dataset. Compared to existing audio datasets, VGGSound ensures audio-visual correspondence and is collected under unconstrained conditions. Code and the dataset are available at http://www.robots. ox.ac. uk/~vgg/data/vggsound/.
Effects of substituting sunflower seed cake with Acacia tortilis pods as protein source in supplementary diets of Small East African goats

A study was undertaken to avaluate the effects of substituting sunflower seed cake with Acacia tortilis pods as a protein source in supplementing Small East African goats fed a basal diet of Brachiaria brizantha hay. Twenty-four growing female goats with mean body weight of 9. 71 = 1.56 kg were used in a growth experiment. Twelve adult bucks were used in a digestibility experiment. In the growth experiment the animals were divided into four groups, each with six animals, while for the digestibility experiment the animals were divided into four groups, each with three animals. These groups were randomly assigned to four supplementary diets containing different proportion of sunflower seed cake and Acacia tortilis pods. In treatments one (T 1 ). two (T 2 ); three (T 3 ) and four (T 4 ) sunflower seed cake was replaced with Acacia tortilis pods at levels of 0.0%, 3.33%, 66.7% and 100%, respectively. The intake of hay and total DM tended to increase with increasing levels of Acacia tortilts pods in the supplementary diet, the highest intake (430 g DM/day) was observed in goats offered supplementary diet T 4 . The CP intake (49.1 to 58.9g/day) did not differ significantly (P>0. 0.5). among the treatments. The intake of ME was significantly (P 0.05) effect on apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP and NDF on nitrogen utilisation was observed between treatments. In the growth trail, significant (P<0.05) lower growth rate was observed in animals under T 1 (20g/day) than those in T3 (32g/day) and T4 (32g/day). Similarly the feed utilisation efficiency for animals in T 1 (FCR=18.5) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the animals in T 3 (FCR=13.1) and T 4 (FCR=13. 5). Replacement of sunflower seed cake with Acacia tortilis pods in the supplementary diets at the level of 66.7% and 100% gave the highest hay and total DM intake, daily live weight gain and feed utilisation efficiency. Therefore, Acacia tortilis pods may be used in place of high cost oil cakes in the feeding of goats. Keywords : Sunflower seed cake, Acacia tortilis pods, DMI, protein, goats Tanzania J. Agric. Sc. (2002)Vol. 5 No. 1. 39-48
“It doesn’t matter because I love you”. A case study examining the interpretation of Behaviour Classification Tables and Positive Behaviour Support models

ABSTRACT The prescriptive outline that guides teachers on the use of Behaviour Policies (BP) omits to suggest whether BPs in Primary schools can be contextualised. This study explores to what extent Behaviour Classification Tables (BCTs) help staff choose strategies to improve behaviour. Using Context-Mechanism-outcome configuration (CMO) as the main structure for a realist analysis, this evaluation examines how the flexibility to interpret BCTs enables staff to support children throughout the school. Whilst the positive impact of adapting BCTs is recognised, it is also highlighted that a strict interpretation of behavioural expectations can hinder the improvement of behaviour. The benefits of using some aspects of the Positive Behaviour Support model (PBS) are identified through the analysis of one case study in a small school in the North West of England. Further research is suggested to design a model that sets behavioural expectations according to developmental needs and might be contextualised according to specific circumstances of individual schools. It is recommended that BCTs might be presented using colour coded diagrams and pictures to develop through illustrations an accessible definition of acceptable behaviour.
The contribution of mistletoes to nutrient returns: Evidence for a critical role in nutrient cycling

Both nutrient cycling and nutrient relationships between mistletoe and host have been widely studied; yet it is unclear whether high nutrient concentrations commonly found in mistletoes affect rates of nutrient cycling. To address this question, we assessed 13 elements in the leaf litter of a temperate eucalypt forest in southern New South Wales, comparing concentrations from trees (Eucalyptus blakelyi, E. dwyeri, and E. dealbata) with and without the hemiparasitic mistletoe Amyema miquelii. Results were in accord with previous research on fresh leaves showing that concentrations of many elements were higher in the mistletoe than the host. This was not the case for all elements; most notably for N, where concentrations were significantly lower in the mistletoe. However, the return of all elements increased with mistletoe infection because of the combined effect of enrichment in mistletoe tissues and high rates of mistletoe litterfall. Annual returns of N and P in leaf litter increased by a factor of 1.65 and 3 respectively, with the greatest increase being for K by a factor of 43 in spring. These increased element returns were not significantly influenced by any changes in host leaf litter quality, as mistletoe infection was not found to affect host element concentrations. Mistletoe infection also altered the spatial and temporal distribution of element returns because of the patchy occurrence of mistletoes and extended period of mistletoe litterfall compared with the host. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the role of mistletoes as a keystone resource and, together with comparable results from root-parasitic plants in boreal tundra and cool-temperate grasslands, suggest that enhancing nutrient return rates may be a generalized property of parasitic plants.
Inducción experimental de epididimitis en ovinos por inoculación intrauretral con Actinobacillus seminis: estudio bacteriológico, serológico e histopatológico

Con el objetivo de inducir la infeccion experimental de A. seminis, se utilizaron 18 corderos de seis meses de edad: 4 testigos negativos, otros 3 se inocularon con A. seminis via intraepididimal (IE) y 11 fueron inoculados por via intrauretral (IU) como sigue: cuatro recibieron factor liberador de gonadotropinas (GnRH) cinco dias previos al desafio, cuatro recibieron etilenglicol por via IE 24 h previas al desafio y tres no recibieron tratamiento previo. De los cuatro testigos negativos, dos recibieron GnRH y dos etilenglicol. Se tomaron muestras semanales de suero para inmunodifusion, y de semen para bacteriologia. Se sacrificaron a los 35 dias posinoculacion, obteniendose testiculos, epididimos y glandulas anexas, para estudios bacteriologicos e histopatologicos. Del grupo tratado con GnRH, se recupero la bacteria del semen pero no del aparato reproductor, aunque se observaron lesiones en 3 de 4 animales. Del grupo estimulado con etilenglicol, en uno se aislo A. seminis de ampulas del deferente y de vesicula seminal. De los desafiados sin tratamiento previo, en 2 de 3 se aislo la bacteria del semen. De los tres inoculados IE, en uno se aislo del lugar de inoculacion y en dos se aislo de una de las glandulas anexas. En la serologia de los desafiados por via IU, 2 de 11 resultaron positivos, de los 3 inoculados IE, 2 resultaron positivos. Las observaciones histopatologicas correspondieron a lesiones tipicas de epididimitis con infiltrados inflamatorios en glandulas anexas. Los resultados sugieren que las glandulas anexas pueden ser un reservorio de A.seminis.
Crocodiles: An action plan for their conservation

This Action Plan describes the conservation status of 23 species of the order Crocodylia found worldwide. The plan is arranged in three principal sections: an Introductory overview, Country accounts, and Species accounts. Each Country account describes the status of wild populations, and current management programmes. The Species accounts summarise the conservation status, principle threats, and existing management programmes and then describe the ecology and natural history of the species and set out recommended priority conservation projects.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Comparison of predictor sets for species richness and the number of rare species of butterflies and birds

Aim Accurate inventories of biota are typically restricted to few locations within an extensive region. Accordingly, effective planning must involve some form of surrogate measures coupled with spatial modelling. We conducted a simultaneous comparison of models of both species richness and the number of rare species using three types of surrogates (indicator species, vegetation composition and structure, and topoclimate) as predictors. We evaluated each type of surrogate alone and in combination with others.
EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY OF GROWING RABBITS.

This experiment was conducted in Alkeraam farm (A private rabbit's farm at Sadat area on the Deseret Alex. Road) cooperating with Environmental Studies and Research Institute farm belonging to University of Sadat City, Menufiya Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding natural antioxidant (Senecio glaucus) of 5 or 10 g of powder or extract per kg of basal diet and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) as industrial antioxidantat a rate of 150 ppm/kg of basal diet on the performance of growing New Zealand White rabbits. A total of 42 rabbits aged 5 weeks were used in this study, with an average weight of 746.8g. The results indicated that the digestion coefficients were insignificantly differed between the experimental groups and the control positive group (T1), except the control negative group (T2) which significantly lower. Also, the results of TDN and DCP showed insignificantly diffracts among the experimental groups except, group T2. Adverse reactions of lipid oxidation test indicated that the extent of fat oxidation in thigh meat after 7 days of refrigerated storage did not differ between all treatments. While, the concentration of mononaldehyde after 90 days of freezing storage of rabbit meat fed on diet containing 5 g of Senecio glaucus / kg (T5) and 1 ml of Senecio glaucus (T7) extract was significantly lower compared with other groups. Also, the rabbits fed on T6 and T7 groups showed the highest value for meat color, taste, odder, flavor and overall acceptance. Improvements in mean of net revenue, economic efficiency and relative economic efficiency in groups fed on Senecio glaucus either powder or extract supplementation and industrial antioxidant compared to control groups. It could be concluded that, the use of Senecio glaucus plant either powder or extract (5 or 10 g/kg ration) as alternative to industrial antioxidants improves growth performance, quality of meat, duration of its frozen storage and reduces nitrogen feces, which preserves the environment and achieves high returns in the economic efficiency of the production process.
Analysis of T cell subsets in lichen planus- a perception to pathogenesis

Introduction: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, histopathologically characterized by band like lymphohistiocytic infiltrate obscuring the dermo-epidermal interface and associated with basal cell vacuolar degeneration. Cell mediated cytotoxicity as evidenced by dermal T lymphocytes have been postulated to initiate or stimulate the pathogenic mechanisms for Lichenoid dermatitis. Aims and Objective: The aim of the study is 1) To determine the T cell subsets in the inflammatory population. 2) To analyze the pattern of distribution of T cells subsets in histopathologically diagnosed cases of LP. Materials and Method: Biopsies received from Dermatology department of Dr B R Ambedkar Medical College and histopathologically diagnosed as LP were subjected for immunohistochemistry for CD4 and CD8.Manual quantification and distribution of T cell subsets were analyzed by 2 individual observers. Result: Forty cases of LP diagnosed histopathologically were subjected for immunohistochemistry for CD4 and CD8. The mean age of the patients were 35.74 years with slight female predominance (F:M ratio 1.5:1). A mixed CD4 and CD8 phenotypes were identified in inflammatory population. At the dermoepidermal junction the mean CD8+ T cells subset was 67.5± 9.92% and mean CD4+ T cells was 32.5±9.92%. Perivascular quantification revealed a mean CD4+ T cells of 55±10.82 %and mean CD8+ T cells of 45±10.82%. Conclusion: In LP cases as CD8+ cytotoxic T cells density was more in D-E Junction compared to CD4+ T helper cells, a pathogenetic role of CD8+ T cells can be highlighted in basement membrane damage. An increase in perivascular CD 4+ T cells concentration signifies the pathogenetic role of dual T cell subsets in LP. This study would perhaps give a better insight to dermatologist to improvise the treatment response.
Taxonomy of the Lonchodectidae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea)

The pterodactyloid family Lonchodectidae includes three genera, Lonchodectes Hooley, 1914, Lonchodraco Rodrigues et Kellner, 2013, and Ikrandraco Wang et al., 2014, and four species, Lonchodectes compressirostris (Owen, 1851), Lonchodraco giganteus (Bowerbank, 1846), Ikrandraco avatar Wang et al., 2014, and Ikrandraco machaerorhynchus (Seeley, 1870) comb. nov. [=Ornithocheirus microdon Seeley, 1870 syn. nov.]. The holotype of Lonchodectes compressirostris (NHMUK PV 39410) consists of two fragments of the anterior rostrum, not the mandibular and rostrum fragments as was supposed previously. The difference between Lonchodectes and Ikrandraco is not clear and the taxa could be synonyms. The diagnostic characters for the Lonchodectidae are the presence of the palatal ridge, elevated alveolar margin of the upper and lower jaws, small teeth that are not varying in size, and a prominent mandibular crest (unknown for Lonchodectes). The family includes taxa with long and low rostrum and prominent mandibular crest (Ikrandraco and, possibly, Lonchodectes), or with both premaxil­ lary and mandibular crests (Lonchodraco). Various phylogenetic analyses place the Lonchodectidae within the Ornithocheiroidea, frequently as a sister taxon to the Anhangueria. The family is known from the mid­Cretaceous (Albian­Turonian) of England (Lonchodectes compressirostris, Lonchodraco giganteus, Ikrandraco machaerorhynchus), the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of China (Ikrandraco avatar), and the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of European Russia (Lonchodraco (? ) sp. ). The putative records of the Lonchodectidae from the Lower Cretaceous of England (Serradraco sagittirostris (Owen, 1874), BEXHM 2015.18, and Palaeornis cliftii Mantell, 1844), Spain (Prejanopterus curvirostris Fuentes Vidarte et Meijide Calvo, 2010), and Brazil (Unwindia trigonus Martill, 2011) are reviewed. None of them can be attributed to that group.
Efeitos genéticos e de ambiente para características de crescimento em ovinos Santa Inês no Estado do Ceará

Resumo - Registros de 1.335 ovinos da raca Santa Ines, nascidos entre 1984 e 1998, no rebanho experimental do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Caprinos (Embrapa caprinos) e criados em regime semi – intensivo, foram utilizados para estimar as herdabilidades direta e materna de pesos corporais em diferentes idades. Os componentes de variância e as herdabilidades foram estimados pelo metodo da Maxima Verossimilhanca Restrita REML, utilizando o algoritmo livre de derivadas (DFREML), com modelo animal uni-caracteristica e o aplicativo Multiple Trait Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (MTDFREML). No modelo estatistico foram incluidos os efeitos aleatorios geneticos direto e materno, de ambiente permanente e o erro, alem dos efeitos fixos de sexo, estacao e ano de nascimento, tipo de nascimento e da covariavel peso da ovelha ao parto. As herdabilidades direta e materna foram de baixa magnitude, variando de 0,11 a 0,21, o que indicaram baixa variabilidade genetica e apontam para a necessidade de introducao de novos reprodutores para o melhoramento genetico do rebanho. Termos para indexacao: herdabilidade, ovino deslanado, parâmetro genetico, peso.
The Effectiveness Of Public Services Through E-Government In Makassar City

The purpose of this research to examine and analyze the effectiveness of public services through the application of Government Electronic systems (e-government) this type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used is observation, interviews, and documents. The results showed that in general, the implementation of e-government in the Makassar city was considered good enough and had a positive influence on improving the effectiveness of public services for the people of Makassar city. Supporting factors that support the implementation of e-government are in addition to the support of human resources that manage e-government is getting better, the political will of the city government, especially the mayor, is very supportive of the implementation of e-government. In terms of the community as a service user, although there are still complaints sometimes, due to miscommunication and technical problems caused by the limitations of the community, the efforts of socialization and evaluation continue to be carried out by the Makassar city government.