Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roles of neurotransmitters in regulating reproductive hormone release and gonadal maturation in decapod crustaceans

Summary Experiments done in this laboratory showed 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) stimulates gonadal maturation in male and female sand fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, and red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. This action of 5-HT is indirect, 5-HT apparently stimulating release of the gonad-stimulating hormone (GSH) that is present in the brain and thoracic ganglia. For example, studies with ovarian explants showed 5-HT has no direct effect on the ovary. But, when ovarian explants were incubated with 5-HT and brain or thoracic ganglia, the incubation medium produced greater ovarian maturation than did the medium when ovarian explants were incubated with brain or thoracic ganglia alone, 5-HT presumably enhancing GSH release. In males 5-HT not only induces testicular maturation but also development of the androgenic glands. 5-HT in males, as in females, apparently triggers GSH release; but in males GSH in turn stimulates the androgenic glands which release the androgenic gland hormone, resulting in testicular .
Comparative Analysis of Prevention and Detection Policies for Selfish Behaviour in MANET

: Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is infrastructure less and central object less network in which the mobile nodes can communicate using wireless links. Due to this, Network is vulnerable to many attacks. This paper focuses on selfish behaviour and different countermeasures available. Nodes may deny participating in the routing process for its own benefits like to save battery, storage space, bandwidth etc. Various policies like token based, credit based, reputation based, trust based etc. are used to detect and prevent selfishness.
The victim matters – experimental evidence on lying, moral costs and moral cleansing

ABSTRACT In an experiment on moral cleansing with an endogenously manipulated moral self-image, we examine the role of the addressee of an immoral action. We find that cheating is highest and moral cleansing lowest when subjects cheat at the expense of the experimenter, while cheating is lowest and moral cleansing highest once cheating harms another participant. A subsequent measurement of subjects’ moral self-image supports our interpretation that the occurrence of moral cleansing crucially depends on the moral costs resulting from immoral actions directed at individuals in different roles. Our results can help to explain the different propensity to cheat and conduct moral cleansing when immoral actions harm either another person or representatives of organizations.
Does unconventional monetary policy affect inequality? Evidence from Japan

Inequality has been largely ignored in the literature and practice of monetary policy, but is gaining more attention recently. Here, we exclusively focus on the impact of unconventional monetary policy (UMP) on inequality. We look at how the recent UMP in Japan affected inequality, using household survey data. Our vector auto regression (VAR) results show that UMP widened income inequality after 2008Q3 as the Bank of Japan (BoJ) resumed its zero-interest rate policy and reinstated UMP. This is largely due to the portfolio channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically analyse the distributional impact of UMP. Japan’s extensive experience with UMP may hold important policy implications for other countries.
Environmental Constraints on Piscivory: Insights from Linking Ultrasonic Telemetry to a Visual Foraging Model for Cutthroat Trout

Abstract Management of pelagic food webs under a shifting climate requires an understanding of how behavior, physiological tolerance, and the environment interact to mediate the foraging rates of consumers. However, analyses that treat each of these factors explicitly in a framework that captures interdependencies are lacking. We linked a visual foraging model and bioenergetics simulations with ultrasonic telemetry to mechanistically evaluate how stressful abiotic conditions (high temperature and low dissolved oxygen) influenced the foraging success of piscivorous Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii feeding on juvenile salmonids in Strawberry Reservoir, Utah. Our primary objectives were to (1) determine whether the foraging success of apex predators changes during periods of environmental stress and (2) identify the behavioral mechanisms that either lead to or buffer against shifts in foraging success. During early and mid-August, high epilimnetic temperatures and low hypolimnetic oxygen levels generated.
Sentiment changes, stock returns and volatility: evidence from NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ stocks

Using US stock portfolios that are formed on book-to-market equity (B/M), long term reversals, momentum, and size, a long sample period (1965–2007), and the comprehensive sentiment index of Baker and Wurgler (2006), this article shows that contemporaneous returns of extreme portfolios are significantly related to monthly sentiment changes and tend to be higher during periods of negative sentiment. Stock returns, however, seem to Granger-cause sentiment changes and are more important in predicting sentiment changes than vice versa. In addition, conditional return volatility is significantly affected by lagged volatility rather than sentiment changes.
Leading Internationalization

American universities are facing a growing imperative to internationalize to prepare students to live and work in a globalized world, to enhance scholarship and discovery, and to foster economic links between their communities and the rest of the world. Comprehensive internationalization strategies include the integration of international content into the curriculum, increasing study abroad participation, recruiting and interacting with international students, and building strong and effective international partnerships and networks. Geography's traditions of regional study, fieldwork, and synthesis give us a historic opportunity to position ourselves as institutional leaders in defining internationalization. To do so, we need to build on the strong international foundation of our curriculum and its content and begin to embrace the breadth of international practices. By becoming central players in campus internationalization, we will be in a position to speak forcefully in support of a model of internationalization that is consistent with the missions and goals of higher education.
Mating behaviour and fecundity of the red bollworm Diparopsis castanea Hmps. (Lepidoptera Noctuidae)

Experiments in Malawi showed that the (log) number of males of Diparopsis castanea Hmps. attracted to sex pheromone traps was linearly related to the (log) number of virgin females used as attractant. Virgins remained sexually attractive for up to 31 days but were maximally attractive three nights following emergence; 97·7% of light-trapped females were mated, a small proportion having mated four times. Numbers of matings were directly correlated with temperature at 22.00 h, but relative humidity had little effect. Mean fecundity of mated females was 152 ± 10·3 eggs, multiple mating influencing egg fertility rather than total oviposition. Potential fecundity was linearly related to body weight on emergence. Peak oviposition of unfertilised eggs by virgins occurred at about nine nights following emergence. Of emerging females 2% were barren. Only 1·4% of females mated twice in one night when confined outdoors with males, and there was no difference in the abilities of newly emerged males or males up to four days old to mate with newly emerged females or females up to four days old. Although outdoors males mated on average 0·8 times per night throughout their life, and were capable of mating twice per night, mating propensity of males under laboratory conditions was much lower. Males responded to female sex pheromone throughout the calling period of the female, individuals completing up to 143 orientations during a night without the occurrence of lasting physiological habituation to the pheromone. The importance of this in any control programme aimed at disrupting pheromone communication between the sexes is discussed.
Insight into somaclonal variation

ABSTRACT Somaclonal variation (S.V.) refers to mutational events occurring in tissue culture, although some permanent methylation processes should possibly also be included under this name. In this review, the possible causes as well as the mechanisms implicated in the induction of mutation in cultured cells are discussed. The needs for an easy assay to assess S.V. is pointed out.
Does sports activity improve health? Representative evidence using local density of sports facilities as an instrument

ABSTRACT Using representative and geocoded data from the Swiss Household Panel and the Swiss Business Census, we estimate the effect of sports activity on health. OLS models show that sports activity significantly decreases overweight, sleeping problems, headaches, back problems, and perceived health impediments in everyday activities and significantly increases health satisfaction. Because sports activity is likely to be misreported and correlated with unobserved determinants of health, we use the number of sports facilities within 6 miles of the individual’s residence as an instrument for sports activity. Although the instrument is powerful in explaining sports activity, the second-stage effects on health are mostly statistically insignificant due to the high SEs of the IV estimates.
Tourism Research Methods: Integrating Theory with Practice

The second half of the twentieth century saw a burgeoning of tourism activity, a trend which will probably continue far into the present century. The study of tourism has also picked up pace and complexity, particularly since the first Masters courses began in the 1970s. In academic circles tourism courses at undergraduate and postgraduate or post experience levels continue to proliferate. Partly in response to this, but also as a consequence of the increasing social and economic significance of the industry, formal research into tourism, its organization, consequences and its participants has itself become something of an industry. Tourism research is now supported by over 40 academic journals, and many conferences such as CAUTHE, TTRA, ATLAS and APTA are held annually as well as others convened on an ad hoc basis. Tourism research is also found as a theme within other major conferences dealing with subjects such as geography, retailing or computer systems. It is perhaps curious in these circumstances that there are relatively few books which deal specifically with tourism research methods. Ritchie, Burns and Palmer have made a significant contribution to bridging this gap with a book which sets out to make the link between theoretical study and practical application. Tourism Research Methods, Integrating Theory with Practice will be welcomed by students embarking on a PhD and it will be a useful resource for lecturers supervising Honours or Masters students undertaking research based dissertations. Tourism Research Methods, Integrating Theory with Practice consists of 17 chapters. Following an Introduction by the editors, the contributing authors deal with Ethics in Tourism Research, Feminist and Gender Perspectives, Multi Method Case Study Approach, Visual Evidence, Participant Observation, Tourist Geographies, Delphi Technique, Qualitative Techniques in Interviewing, Mystery Shopping, Longitudinal Methods, Framing Analysis, GIS, Focus Groups, Content Analysis, Cluster Analysis and, in conclusion, a chapter examining the Future of Tourism Research. As implied in their titles (abbreviated above) most of the chapters are technical discussions introducing a specific research methodology: clearly for any given reader some of these chapters will be more relevant than others. The general pattern is to provide a sound and reliable introduction to the topic, with an illustrative practical example, often interesting in its Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, March 2007
Size and shape changes of Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in relation to population level

1 High intraspecific competition is known to occur during Ips typographus outbreaks, and is thought to be the main factor regulating epidemic populations by affecting beetle population productivity. However, little is known about the consequences of intraspecific competition on population quality during outbreaks, although it could have consequences on beetle population dynamics.
Market value and corporate debt: the 2006–2010 international evidence

We analyse the differences in the financial debt level of firms both in market-oriented systems (the US, the UK) and bank-oriented systems (Germany, France and Italy) on a sample of 3360 listed companies between the period 2006 and 2010. Results indicate that the debt level is significantly higher in market-oriented systems when compared to the book value of equity. We find confirmation that Book-to-Market (BTM) cannot explain the debt level in bank-oriented systems but, contrary to reference literature, we observe that the BTM ratio has a negative influence on the debt level in market-oriented systems, especially in the United States. We claim different reasons to explain the evidence: (i) the financing standards of market-oriented countries, with an inflationary effect of market values on debt; (ii) an underlying activity for ownership protection and (iii) the unfavourable conditions of stock market over the years of the financial crisis that reduced the convenience of equity issuance.
Structure, conduct and performance: a simultaneous equations approach

A simultaneous-equations framework is used to study the relationship between structure, conduct, and performance in US manufacturing in the 1980s and 1990s. The paper expands on earlier structure-conduct-performance studies by using a lag structure to signify that structure, conduct and performance do not affect one another contemporaneously. Findings support some aspects of the traditional structure-conduct-performance model, but challenge others. First, the data suggest that industry structure does not depend on current industry performance. Second, little evidence is found that industry conduct, proxied by advertising, is affected by industry structure. Third, results show that industry performance does not depend on industry conduct, though it is sensitive to industry structure. Thus, the main findings are that (1) concentration does not depend on firm profitability, though profitability depends on concentration, (2) advertising follows a process that is independent of the factors considered here, and (3) advertising seems to have no effect on profitability.
Non-Keynesian effects of public expenditure in Spain

Evidence is provided of non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy in Spain within a VAR framework. Shocks to government expenditure expand activity, although moderately, in the short term, with output multipliers slightly above one. In the medium term, however, the response of output becomes significantly negative. The two main explanations proposed in the literature seem to apply here, namely higher real interest rates as a result of higher risk premia on the demand side and higher equilibrium wage reducing entrepreneurial profits and investment accordingly on the supply side.
Tissue Transglutaminase, Coagulation Factor XIII, and the Pro-polypeptide of von Willebrand Factor Are All Ligands for the Integrins α9β1 and α4β1 *

We previously reported that MOLT-3 human lymphocyte-like leukemia cells adhere to tissue-type transglutaminase (tTG) through the integrin α4β1. We now report that G-361 human melanoma cells also adhere to tTG, although they do not express α4β1. G-361 cells utilize two additional integrins, α9β1 and α5β1 to adhere to tTG. Furthermore, blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), another member of the transglutaminase family that is highly homologous to tTG, and propolypeptide of von Willebrand factor (pp-vWF) also promoted cell adhesion through α9β1 or α4β1 in G-361 or MOLT-3 cells, respectively. In the case of pp-vWF, α9β1 and α4β1both bind to the same site, comprised of 15 amino acid residues and designated T2–15. Moreover, SW480 human colon cancer cells stably transfected to express α9β1, but not mock transfectants, adhered to tTG, FXIII, pp-vWF, and T2–15/bovine serum albumin conjugate. These data identify tTG, FXIII, and pp-vWF as shared ligands for the integrins α9β1 and α4β1. This report is the first to unambiguously show that these two integrins share the same cell adhesion site within one protein and provides strong support for classifying α9β1- and α4-integrins as functionally related members of an integrin subfamily.
Real exchange rate and openness in emerging economies: Argentina in the long run

Argentina's economic policies since the beginning of the century, give an interesting background to the study of Real Exchange Rate (RER) management in emerging countries. In this article, four types of RER overvaluation are identified. In the 1920s, Argentina provides a short example of overvaluation in a context of a fixed exchange rate policy. Moreover, the estimations show that import substitution regimes can lead to a misalignment of RER. Argentina illustrates also the difficult management of RER in a volatile environment. The results allow, in addition, to better understand the failure of the trade liberalization attempts of the country and remind that successfully integrating the world economy asks for an appropriate RER policy.
The interpretation of skeletal muscle sites: a statistical approach

Muscle attachments have only recently been used systematically as markers of ancient activity, in part because of methodological and interpretive difficulties involved in associating muscle markings with specific activities. An alternative analytical approach focuses on the organization of activity rather than the identification of specific activities. This paper presents data from 18 muscle insertion sites in 56 adult skeletons from the Italian Iron Age cemetery of Pontecagnano. These data indicate that: (1) skeletal development of muscle sites is related to an individual's age; (2) variations in muscle marking within and between skeletons may be linked to activities performed; and (3) even when specific activities cannot be deduced, statistical patterns within a group may inform us about past lifeways and the social organization of activities. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Exchange Rate Movements on Foreign Direct Investment: Are There Third Country Effects?

This paper applies a real options model to examine the impact of exchange rate movements on foreign direct investment (FDI) activity both theoretically and empirically. In contrast to previous studies, the effects of exchange rate changes in the host country as well as third countries are analyzed herein. It is shown that while the depreciation of the host country’s currency stimulates cost-saving FDI activity, the depreciation of the third country’s currency deters it. In addition, exchange rate uncertainty in the host country and third countries may have a positive impact on FDI activity if the correlation between these countries’ currencies is high enough. Finally, the real wage rates of the host country relative to those of the third countries are negatively related to FDI activity. This paper employs the panel data on Taiwan’s outward FDI in China and Southeast Asian countries over the period 1985-2006 to test the validity of the theoretical results. The empirical results are generally consistent with the prediction of the theory. These results suggest that the third country’s effects of the exchange rate movements on FDI activity do exist.
Individual variability in attention and language performance in aphasia: a study using Conner’s Continuous Performance Test

ABSTRACT Background: Individual variability in attention in aphasia is important because moment-to-moment fluctuations in attention could might influence language performance. Aims: Moment-to-moment variability in performance has been considered a feature of aphasia. The aim of the current work is to study the possible relationship between moment-to-moment intraindividual fluctuations in attention and their possible relationship with language disorders in people with aphasia (PWA). Methods & Procedures: 24 controls and 21 PWA matched by age and sex took part in the study. Language assessment included phonological processing (phonological discrimination, word and pseudoword repetition), lexical access (auditory lexical decision, spoken word-to-picture matching and naming), and semantic association (object–action association, semantic association, and odd-one-out). Attention assessment employed a comprehensive test of basic attention functions (Conner’s Continuous Performance Test II). We studied the association between indices of intraindividual variability in response time in Conner’s Continuous Performance Test and linguistic performance in both groups. Outcomes & Results: PWA showed increased response times and also increased intraindividual variability in response speed. Moreover, only in this group, response speed variability was significantly associated with speech discrimination and with performance in semantic association tasks. Indices of intraindividual variability predicted performance in linguistic tasks in PWA, even after accounting for language performance in related tasks. Conclusion: The current results provide additional support to evidence suggesting a relationship between attention skills and some aspects of linguistic performance in PWA, and draw attention to the putative importance of processing speed instability.
Debt-maturity, corporate diversification and relatedness

The aim of this study is to analyse the financing choices of multibusiness firms, in terms of debt-maturity. The results suggest that the degree of product diversification and the direction of diversification (related or unrelated) translate into different corporate financial behaviours. In particular, diversification related or unrelated had opposite effects on debt-maturity; the former strategy has a negative effect whereas the latter has a positive influence on debt-maturity.
The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of the Antipodes Islands, with comments on the impact of mice; and an annotated checklist of the insect and arachnid fauna

The beetle fauna of the Antipodes Islands is described, and the origin, distribution and biogeography of the fauna discussed Collections from Bollons Island in the Antipodes group are reported for the first time A total of 25 species is recorded from the islands, including seven new species and nine new distribution records from the islands Nine species (36%) are endemic to the Antipodes Islands, 14 (56%) species are indigenous, one species is introduced and one is of unknown origin The fauna is most closely allied to the Auckland and Campbell Islands but has links with other subantarctic islands of the New Zealand subregion and the New Zealand mainland Comparison between the invertebrate faunas ot Antipodes Island and mouse‐free Bollons Island indicate that mice have had a major impact on both the abundance and faunal composition of the Antipodes Island invertebrates An annotated checklist of the insects and arachnids of the Antipodes Islands is given A total of 150 insect species and 20 arachnids is recorded Nine species are new to science and 31 are newly recorded from the islands Two new bird hosts of ectoparasitic insect species are recorded for New Zealand and two are recorded for the Antipodes Islands