Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Robust Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Diagnosing Chest Diseases

: Radiologists employ X-ray images to differentiate various chest diseases. Given the intricate and meticulous nature of this diagnostic procedure, the assistance of automated models becomes imperative in detecting and diagnosing diseases from X-ray images. This research paper proposed a novel approach called Ensemble Convolutional Neural Network for Diagnosing Chest Diseases (ECDCNet), aimed at accurately and efficiently diagnosing fifteen different chest diseases through the analysis of X-ray images of the lungs. The ECDCNet model comprised a stack of five CNNs: ResNet152V2, DenseNet121, Inceptionv3, Vogg19, and Wavelet transform-CNN with various architectures and hyper-parameters to enhance the overall prediction performance. The proposed model applied the image segmentation for the lung's region using the U-Net model to localize and focus on the relevant space and facilitate the identification of specific radiological signs such as nodules, opacities, cavities, and consolidation. Furthermore, the study exploited three ensemble CNN strategies: Average voting, majority voting, and a proposed CNN-ensemble strategy called the Weighted Performance Metrics Ensemble Strategy (WPME) to set the weights of the prediction stage. The proposed WPME strategy used four evaluation measures for assessing the importance of each base CNN in the ensemble model, including precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy, to enhance the prediction of the ensemble model. The proposed ECDCNet model achieved an accuracy of 95.3, 95.8 and 96.1% in the average voting, the majority voting, and the WPME strategy on a collected dataset of 110804 images for fifteen chest diseases. Further, it achieved an accuracy of 97.9, 98.2 and 98.9% in the average voting, the majority voting, and the WPME strategy on another public dataset of 13150 images for three chest diseases.
HIGH INDEX COMPRESSION RATIO

Weight pruning has proven to be an effective method of reducing the model size and computation cost without sacrificing its model accuracy. Conventional sparse matrix formats, however, involve irregular index structures with large storage requirement and a sequential reconstruction process, resulting in inefficient use of highly parallel computing resources. Hence, pruning is usually restricted to inference with a batch size of one, for which an efficient parallel matrix-vector multiplication method exists. In this paper, a new class of sparse matrix representation is proposed utilizing the Viterbi algorithm that has a high, and more importantly, fixed index compression ratio regardless of the pruning rate. In this approach, numerous sparse matrix candidates are first generated by the Viterbi encoder, and the candidate that aims to minimize the model accuracy degradation is then selected by the Viterbi algorithm. The model pruning process based on the proposed Viterbi encoder and Viterbi algorithm is highly parallelizable, and can be implemented efficiently in hardware to achieve low-energy and a high-performance index decoding process. Compared with the existing magnitude-based pruning methods, the index data storage requirement can be further compressed by 85.2% in MNIST and 83.9% in AlexNet while achieving a similar pruning rate. Even compared with the relative index compression technique, our method can still reduce the index storage requirement by 52.7% in MNIST and 35.5% in AlexNet.
THE EFFECT OF FISCAL POLICY ON CAPITAL FLIGHT IN NAMIBIA A MINI THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN ECONOMICS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA BY VALDEMAR JOÃO UNDJI

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ii DEDICATION . iii DECLARATION . iv ACRONYMS . viii LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background to the study . 3 1.2 Statement of the problem . 5 1.3 The Objectives. 8 1.4 The Hypothesis . 8 1.5 Significance of the study . 9 1.6 Limitation of the study . 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 13 2.
Experimental constraints on the dynamics of the partially molten upper mantle: Deformation in the diffusion creep regime

Experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of melt on the creep behavior of water-free olivine aggregates deformed in the dislocation creep regime. The influence of the melt phase is modest at melt fractions less than ∼0.04. However, at melt fractions > 0.04, the creep rate of melt-added samples is enhanced by more than an order of magnitude relative to melt-free aggregates. This unexpectedly large influence of melt on strain rate arises because deformation occurs by grain boundary sliding (GBS) accommodated by a dislocation creep process. Four observations support this hypothesis. (1) The strain rate enhancement observed in the dislocation creep regime can be related to the stress concentration caused by the reduction in the solid-solid grain boundary area. (2) Both melt-free and melt-added samples exhibit strain rates indicating that deformation is limited by slip on (010)[100], the easiest slip system in olivine. (3) The GBS mechanism occurs near the transition between diffusion and dislocation creep. (4) Grains in specimens deformed in the GBS regime are not significantly flattened, even after ∼50% shortening. In melt-free aggregates, a transition from the GBS mechanism to dislocation creep limited by slip on (010)[001], the hardest slip system, is observed with an increase in grain size. A transition to (010)[001] limited creep was not observed for partially molten aggregates because grain growth was inhibited by the presence of melt. The results of this study indicate that the viscosity of the upper mantle may decrease by at least an order of magnitude if the retained melt fraction exceeds 0.04 or if the onset of melting results in a reduction in grain size and a concomitant transition from (010)[001] to (010)[100] limited creep.
DDVP: Metabolic Fate, Dermal Transport and Human Exposure Data

DDVP (dichlorvos) is a volatile organophosphate insecticide. Its uses in field agriculture are very limited. Its major uses are structural (commercial and home) and livestock pest control. It is rapidly and fully metabolized in mammals. Dermal absorption of DDVP was 13 percent in laboratory rats. Human exposure studies, largely on non-agricultural subjects, yielded estimated absorbed daily dosages ranging from 0.3 ug/kg/day (pet owners) to 135 ug/kg/day (child resident after home-use fogger).
Eclogite facies garnet-pyroxenolite xenolith in Hannuoba area: New evidence of magma underplating

Eclogite facies garnet pyroxenolite xenoliths in Hannuoba area show the typical layered cumulate structures and crystalloblastic textures of granulite facies. The mineral compositions, equilibrated P T conditions and REE geochemistry of the xnolith reveal its mantle derived genesis. All these facts indicate that the mantle derived magma underplates in the top of the upper mantle and forms the mafic cumulate, then the cumulate experiences some metamorphism of eclogite facies. The eclogite facies xenolith, accomponied with the granulite facies xenolith, provides new evidence of the existence of the crust mantle transitional zone.
The prediction of nonresponse to pharmacotherapy in panic disorder: A review

Several effective pharmacotherapeutic treatments exist for panic disorder; however, not all patients respond to treatment: between 20% to 40% are non‐responders. Recent studies have reported several predictors of nonresponse to pharmacotherapy. In this review two questions are addressed: is there consensus with respect to predictors of nonresponse and are there any differences between short‐term and long‐term predictors? In this review both short‐term and long‐term outcome studies are discussed. Studies were included if at least DSM‐III criteria were used and baseline variables were investigated as possible predictor of response, or nonresponse, to pharmacotherapy. Of each clinical predictor, tallies were made of the particular predictors employed and of those predictors that predicted nonresponse. It appears that a long duration of illness and severe agoraphobic avoidance are robust predictors of nonresponse, particularly in long‐term studies. Personality disorders, or even personality traits, are possibly the most robust predictors of nonresponse. Several factors appear to be robust predictors of nonresponse: factors that are present before treatment and exert their influence on short‐term and long‐term treatment outcome. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate these factors and to test whether it is viable to intervene in an attempt to increase treatment response. Depression and Anxiety 14:112–122, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radial spreading of vertical buoyant jets in shallow water

Many wastewaters are discharged from single vertical outlets located at the bottom of shallow water bodies. Often these effluents are buoyant with respect to the receiving environment. In many jurisdictions, regulations require that a certain dilution is achieved within a specified mixing zone. In shallow water it is likely that a portion of this dilution will have to be achieved in the radially spreading surface region of the jet. The degree of dilution obtained in the radial surface buoyant jet region will depend upon the buoyancy and velocity of the effluent, and the depth of water available. Prior to the installation of an outfall, the dilution that will be achieved and behaviour of the flow must be modeled in developing the design to meet regulatory and other requirements. Unfortunately, radially spreading flows are not clearly understood, and their behaviour is the subject of some controversy. This study was intended to identify the details of the structure of the radially spreading upper layer associated with the discharge of a vertical buoyant jet in shallow water. Collection and analysis of detailed numerical data was not the focus or intent of this study, flow visualization was relied upon to investigate the radially spreading surface flow. Experiments to study the mechanisms of the radially spreading surface flow were conducted with a series of vertical buoyant jets discharged into a shallow tank. This experimental tank was specially designed to simulate an infinite ambient, and avoid downstream control effects. A range of flow rates and port diameters were utilized to determine the nature of the flow structure in the surface region. Flow visualization was used to examine the flow and obtain an understanding of the mechanisms present to aid in modeling. Four regions of flow are present when a buoyant jet is discharged vertically in shallow water. The first of these is the vertical buoyant jet region, in which the vertical jet is entraining fluid as the flow moves upward to the surface. Next is a surface impingement
Applied Mathematical Modelling

This article provides a general numerical approach for modelling the response of deep tunnels excavated in saturated time-dependent plastic rock masses, considering a coupled solid-ﬂuid interaction and time-dependent plastic behaviour. In order to do that, a Burgers-viscoplastic strain-softening model has been developed and implemented into the ﬁnite element method software CODE_BRIGHT, and a coupled solid-ﬂuid model is used to simulate the interaction between solid deformations and ﬂuid ﬂow. Parametric analyses are then performed to analyse the inﬂuence on the tunnelling response of different time-dependent models, different standstill times and different excavation rates. It has been observed that the time-dependent model selection is crucial to simulate the response of underground excavations. Additionally, the coupled solid-ﬂuid results are signiﬁcantly different from the purely mechanical ones. The liquid pressure build-up in the vicinity of the tunnel face and the overpressure dissipation with time due consolidation can be accounted for. Moreover, the higher the excavation rate, the larger build-up of liquid pressures occurs. ©
Radiocarbon Chronology of Archaeological Sites of the Kurile Islands

One of the theories of Paleo-Indian migration from Asia to America (Chard 1963) proposes that the most probable route was along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk through Japan, Kamchatka and the Aleutian islands. To study the problem of New World population origins, we are attempting to correlate archaeological sites in this region. Our aim is to examine connections of the earliest cultures of the Far East and Siberia with the cultures of Sakhalin, the Kurile Islands, Japan and America.
Iridium geochemistry of volcanic ash layers from the early Eocene rifting of the northeastern North Atlantic and some other Phanerozoic events

This study shows that some types of explosive volcanism can result in significant Ir anomalies (up to 750 ppt); however, these are readily discerned from impact-related, extraterrestrial Ir anomalies by other chemical and mineralogical criteria. Iridium and major and trace elements were analyzed in 34 of the >180 volcanic ash layers in the Fur Formation of early Eocene age in Denmark. These ashes originate from explosive volcanism during rifting of the Greenland-Eurasia continent and subsequent sea-floor spreading in the young northeastern North Atlantic. In addition, 15 older Phanerozoic ashes, associated with other dramatic global events, have been analyzed for Ir. The Fur Formation ashes are unusually well preserved and have a wide compositional range–for example, rhyolitic, dacitic, tholeiitic and alkaline basaltic, mafic alkaline, and different salic alkaline ashes, and ashes with intermediate or unknown magma origin. The original magma compositions have been determined by immobile-element plots (Nb/Y-Zr/Ti) and other criteria. Iridium shows a bimodal distribution, where all types of salic (alkaline as well as subalkaline) ashes have very low Ir concentrations ( Analyses of 15 of the
THE JIUXI BASIN, HEXI CORRIDOR, NW CHINA: FORELAND STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL

The Jiuxi (Western Jiuquan) Basin. located in the west of the Hexi Corridor. NW China. is a foreland basin which has been active since the Early Jurassic. It was formed as a consequence of the progressive northwards migration of the North Qilian thrusts in response to sinistral shearing along the 2.000-km long Aerjin (Altun) Fault. Sedimentary deposits in the basin are controlled not only by foreland loading and thrusting. but also by the development of listric normal fault. at high angles to the thrust belt. At the junctions of these two sets of faults. thick organic-rich sediments and reservoirs have accumulated.
Aerobic training increases skin perfusion by a nitric oxide mechanism in type 2 diabetes

: It is well known that a number of locally released vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive compounds can affect skin perfusion. This study investigated the effects of aerobic training on the contribution of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (PG), and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in stimulated dorsal foot skin perfusion in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Ten previously sedentary, older individuals with T2DM (57.0 ± 3.1 years) and nine sedentary controls (53.5 ± 3.2 years) were tested before and after undertaking six months of moderate a erobic training three times weekly in a supervised setting. All subjects underwent measurement of baseline (32 ° C) and heat-stimulated (40 ° C and 44 ° C) dorsal foot skin perfusion starting one hour after ingestion of a single, oral 325 mg dose of aspirin, a known inhibitor of PG synthesis. Before aspirin ingestion, a subcutaneous microdialysis probe was inserted into each foot dorsum to administer either saline (PG pathway only blocked by aspirin in the left foot) or L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; thereby inhibiting both PG and NO pathways in the right foot). Normative data collected previously on subjects undergoing saline administration via microdialysis without aspirin ingestion served as a control group. Significantly lower responsiveness of maximal perfusion was found with the EDHF pathway alone unblocked compared with NO and EDHF unblocked after training. Maximal suppression attributable directly to NO, PG, and EDHF was not significantly different when examined by subject group and training status. However, contributions of NO, PG, and EDHF to maximal perfusion were significantly increased, decreased, and unchanged by aerobic training, respec-tively, with diabetic and control subjects combined due to nonsignificant differences between groups. Improvements in maximally stimulated dorsal foot skin perfusion resulting from six months of aerobic training appear to have primarily an NO basis, with lesser contributions from PG following training, regardless of diabetes status.
Fecal microbiota transplantation promotes reduction of antimicrobial resistance by strain replacement

Multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) colonization is a fundamental challenge in antimicrobial resistance. Limited studies have shown that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can reduce MDRO colonization, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of FMT for MDRO decolonization in renal transplant recipients called PREMIX (NCT02922816). Eleven participants were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to FMT or an observation period followed by delayed FMT if stool cultures were MDRO positive at day 36. Participants who were MDRO positive after one FMT were treated with a second FMT. At last visit, eight of nine patients who completed all treatments were MDRO culture negative. FMT-treated participants had longer time to recurrent MDRO infection versus PREMIX-eligible controls who were not treated with FMT. Key taxa (Akkermansia muciniphila, Alistipes putredinis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, Alistipes species, Mesosutterella massiliensis, Barnesiella intestinihominis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) from the single feces donor used in the study that engrafted in recipients and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in FMT-responding participants uncovered leads for rational microbiome therapeutic and diagnostic development. Metagenomic analyses revealed a previously unobserved mechanism of MDRO eradication by conspecific strain competition in an FMT-treated subset. Susceptible Enterobacterales strains that replaced baseline extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing strains were not detectable in donor microbiota manufactured as FMT doses but in one case were detectable in the recipient before FMT. These data suggest that FMT may provide a path to exploit strain competition to reduce MDRO colonization. Description After FMT, antibiotic susceptible Enterobacterales strains that were not detected in the transplanted microbiota replaced highly resistant strains. Editor’s summary Those who must use antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent opportunistic infections are at high risk for intestinal colonization and infection by multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs). Here, Woodworth and colleagues conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the safety, efficacy, and strain dynamics of MDRO eradication after bowel preparation plus fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) versus bowel preparation alone in 11 renal transplantation recipients. FMT resulted in faster MDRO decolonization and protected study participants from recurrent infection. In some participants, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing strains were replaced by non-ESBL strains, suggesting that strain competition rather than eradication may occur after FMT. These findings support the efficacy of FMT and provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which FMT may lead to MDRO decolonization. —Melissa Norton
Padua Research Archive - Institutional Repository

In this note we prove a Wiener criterion of regularity of boundary points for the Dirichlet problem related to X -elliptic operators in divergence form enjoying the doubling condition and the Poincar´e inequality. As a step towards this result, we exhibit some other characterizations of regularity in terms of the capacitary potentials. Finally, we also show that a cone-type criterion holds true in our setting.
Isotopic Signatures and Concentration Profiles of Isotopic Signatures and Concentration Profiles of Nitrous Oxide in a Rice-Based Ecosystem During the Nitrous Oxide in a Rice-Based Ecosystem During the Drained Crop-Growing Season Drained Crop-Growing Season

[ 1 ] The stable isotopic composition of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in agricultural soils can improve our understanding of the relative contributions of the main microbial processes (nitrification and denitrification) responsible for N 2 O formation in soils, and can provide constraints for the atmospheric N 2 O budget. Here, we present soil profiles featuring N 2 O concentrations and d 15 N and d 18 O values in N 2 O over time, which permit the in situ identification of processes and sites of N 2 O production in a rice-based ecosystem seeded with winter wheat. Our d 15 N and d 18 O soil profile values support the conclusion that denitrification is the dominant process behind N 2 O production during the winter wheat season. The soil N 2 O gas concentrations are higher below 10 cm than above 10 cm, and more depleted in 15 N-N 2 O at 10–15 cm depth compared to other soil depths, which indicates that the N 2 O production zone is located at a depth of 10–15 cm within 0–20 cm. The d 15 N air and d 18 O SMOW ( d 18 O of standard mean ocean water) values for soil gas N 2 O averaged over the entire wheat growing season are +0.90 ± 2.9 (n = 64) and +39.3 ± 3.1 (n = 64), respectively. Given that paddy source N 2 O is much heavier in both measured 15 N and 18 O compared to other fertilized soils, agricultural soils have been underestimated as a source of N 2 O since isotopic constraints from rice agriculture have not been taken into account.
Characterization of Three-Dimensional Lagrangian Circulation Associated with Tidal Rectification over a Submarine Bank

Abstract Two approaches to the quantitative characterization of Lagrangian circulation in three-dimensional (3D) time-periodic current fields are used to describe major features of a model-derived flow field for barotropic tidal rectification on Georges Bank. The first approach is an extension of the 2D “saddlepoint” method used by Ridderinkhof and Loder to describe the vertically averaged Lagrangian circulation associated with various forcings over outer Gulf of Maine banks. Application of the method to representative sigma (terrain-following) surfaces and comparison with particle trajectories in the 3D current field indicate that the circulation saddlepoints and associated separation lines (between recirculation and throughflow regions) in the vertically averaged flow over Georges Bank are qualitatively representative of the entire water column, but that there is significant vertical structure in the Lagrangian circulation. In particular, the horizontal extent of the tidally rectified clockwise gyre on .