Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesotheriid (Mammalia, Notoungulata) Remains from the Colhuehuapian Beds (Early Miocene) of Chichinales Formation, Río Negro Province, Argentina

The Mesotheriidae represent one of several clades of the endemic South American ungulate Order †Notoungulata. This clade has some rodent-like adaptations such as hypertrophied upper and lower incisors, highly hypsodont cheek teeth, reduced dental formula (in younger forms), simplified occlusal morphology, and specialized zygomasseteric structure, among other features (Patterson, 1934; Billet et al., 2008). Traditionally, the Mesotheriidae have been divided into two subfamilies: Trachytheriinae and Mesotheriinae (Simpson, 1945). Recent phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Mesotheriinae, but indicated that Trachytheriinae is a paraphyletic assemblage of basal mesotheriids (Cerdeño and Montalvo, 2001; Croft et al., 2004; Reguero and Castro, 2004; Billet et al., 2008). The Mesotheriidae comprise younger forms persisting until the Ensenadan SALMA (early–middle Pleistocene) (Ameghino, 1906). Until recently, the Mesotheriinae were supposed to have appeared in the middle Miocene (Friasian sensu lato), being absent in the early Miocene Colhuehuapian and Santacrucian SALMAs (Simpson, 1940; Marshall et al., 1983; Bond, 1986). The recently discovered Chucal Fauna from Northern Chile (Flynn et al., 2002; Croft et al., 2004) containing three species of mesotheriines agrees with a Santacrucian age (Croft et al., 2004). Other basal mesotheriines were reported from other early to middle Miocene faunas. The probably early Miocene mesotheriid from the Mariño Formation, Mendoza Province (Cerdeño et al., 2006; Cerdeño, 2007) was found to be similar to the Chucal species Altitypotherium chucalensis (Cerdeño, 2007). Additionally, “Trachytherus? mendocensis” (Simpson and Minoprio, 1949; Simpson et al., 1962) –originally described as a trachytheriine from the Divisadero Largo Formation, Mendoza– was re-interpreted as a primitive mesotheriine more probably coming from the overlying early Miocene Mariño Formation (Cerdeño et al., 2006, 2008). López et al. (2009) reported a new mesotheriine genus and the presence of ? Altitypotherium from the early Miocene Chinches Formation in San Juan Province, but this new taxon remains formally undescribed. Herein are described the first mesotheriid remains from the Chichinales Formation in the surroundings of Paso Córdova, on the southern bank of the Río Negro near the city of General Roca, Río Negro Province (Fig. 1). Fossils were collected from lower deposits of this 2.10 m thick unit (Barrio et al., 1989; Kramarz et al., 2004). The fossil fauna is Colhuehuapian in age (early Miocene) as indicated by the presence of Colpodon Burmeister, 1885, Cramauchenia Ameghino, 1902, Willedewu Vucetich and Verzi, 1991, Australoprocta Kramarz, 1998, and Cochilius volvens Ameghino, 1901 (Windhausen, 1922; Barrio et al., 1989; Kramarz et al,, 2004). The geological context and stratigraphic profile of the Chichinales Formation is fully detailed in Barrio et al. (1989).
Plastic flow of oriented single crystals of olivine: 2. Observations and interpretations of the dislocation structures

In a companion paper we have reported on high-temperature creep data from 41 selectively oriented single crystals of olivine. We report here on a study of the dislocation structures in these specimens by a decoration technique. Forty-two additional specimens were deformed to explore the dislocation multiplication process and glide mobility in the temperature range 1080°–1575°C and differential stress range 80 bars to 2.4 kbars. We report here on these tests as well. All specimens achieved what appeared to be steady state dislocation structures after only a few percent strain. These structures were distinct, repeatable, and diagnostic of particular orientations and slip systems. Under steady state conditions, statistical data for dislocation density, dislocation curvature, and subboundary spacing correlated strongly with differential stress and provided the basis for paleostress estimates of natural specimens. In the range of temperature and stress studied here, climb and glide mobilities were found to be comparable, and creep appeared to be under glide, or joint glide and climb control.
Blinded by Perception? The Stock Market’s Reaction to Politically Aligned Media

We use the 2007 acquisition of Dow Jones & Co. by News Corporation to study whether the perception of a news source’s political affiliation affects its credibility and impact on financial markets. Following 2007, the prices of “Republican” stocks (making contributions to the Republicans) become less sensitive to Dow Jones Newswires (DJNW) sentiment, relative to “Democrat” stocks. There is, however, no evidence of a bias in DJNW, suggesting a loss of price informativeness. Consistent with this view, a trading strategy exploiting the attenuated reaction to DJNW news earns abnormal returns following 2007. JEL codes: G00, G14
Stock Prices, Exchange Rates, and Oil: Evidences from Middle East Oil-Exporting Countries

We consider the linkage between stock prices and exchange rates in four Middle East emerging markets. The existing evidence on stock prices and exchange rates typically relies on introduction of a global market index. On the contrary, we find that for the countries of our sample oil prices emerge as the dominant factor in the above relationship. When we focus on the extended sample we do not detect evidence of cointegration between stock prices and real exchange rates, or of cointegration among stock prices, real exchange rates and other exogenous variables such as the US stock price or the oil price. To address the possibility that this finding may be due to the presence of regime shifts we, first, divide the sample into two subperiods based on the oil price shock in March 1999. The Johansen trace statistics reveals evidence of cointegration only for the second subsample, among stock prices, real exchange rates and oil prices in Egypt, Oman and Saudi Arabia, and between stock prices and oil prices in Kuwait. Utilizing the full sample and including deterministic dummies in the VECM we attempt to capture the regime shifts. The FIML estimation results corroborate the finings from splitting the sample, indicating that the oil prices have a longrun positive effect on stock market in each country. Readjustment towards the long-run equilibrium in each stock market occurs via oil price changes. Finally, we produce persistence profiles showing that convergence to the long run equilibrium takes 17 and 14 months in Egypt and Saudi Arabia respectively, while it takes 22 and 24 moths in Oman and Kuwait. * (Corresponding Author) School of Accounting Finance and Management, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK. Email: mmabde@essex.ac. uk ** Department of Economics, University of Athens, Athens 0559, Greece. Phone: 30 (210) 3689805. Email: gchortar@econ.uoa. gr ***Department of Social Cognitive and Quantitative Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, viale A. Allegri, 9, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy. Email: acipol@essex.ac. uk
What if I...? – The Use of Vibroseis 'Energy Tests' as an Aid in Parameter Choice

A core component in planning a land seismic survey is the choice of source and its parameters. Parameters tests are often performed as part of the survey start-up, but Interpretation of the results from these tests is frequently subjective, particularly when a complete line or swath is not acquired and processed. The typical instinct is to err on the side of caution and this may result in the application of an excessive amount of source energy, thus negatively impacting survey efficiency and cost. However, the effect from different sources and source parameters on signal-to-noise ratio and other key quality indicators can be tested and analyzed in a systematic way. This will allow comparison of a much wider variety of source options than is possible through the acquisition of a very limited number of costly and time-consuming test lines. We can also identify possible efficiency improvements resulting from acquiring data with equivalent signal-to-noise ratios, but different parameter combinations. A suite of such tests has been developed within WesternGeco and are referred to as energy tests. Within this paper, we will describe the results from such tests and its interpretation.
DigitalCommons@UNO DigitalCommons@UNO

In this work-in-progress paper, we presented a participatory process of designing explanation interfaces for a social recommender sys-tem with multiple explanatory goals. We went through four stages to identify the key components of the recommendation model, expert mental model, user mental model, and target mental model. We reported the results of an online survey of current system users (N=14) and a controlled user study with a group of target users (N=15). Based on the findings, we proposed five set of explanation interfaces for five recommendation models (N=25) and discussed the user preference of the interface prototypes.
DigitalCommons@UNO DigitalCommons@UNO

A paradox appears to thwart traditional knowledge sharing efforts in organizations: the greater the benefit of a piece of knowledge to an organization the less likely that it will be shared. This paper suggests that in order to mobilize knowledge where there is demand for it, it has to be activated. This paper considers the knowledge identity of the person whose knowledge is to be activated and uses these identities to analyze a case study in which highly distributed knowledge is activated. The analysis reveals activation effects needed to mobilize each of the knowledge identities.
Technique et fiabilité des dénombrements aériens de canards et de foulques hivernant en Camargue

L'évaluation quantitative des populations animales dans la nature est une difficulté réelle, quelles que soient les espèces concernées. Le problème a souvent été résolu partiellement p ar des méthodes de capture-recapture ou par des dénombrements relatifs qui permettent au moins de mesurer les fluctuations d'abondance (Blondel, 1 969 ; Seber, 1972) . Les dénombrements absolus (exhaustifs) sont beaucoup plus rares et portent générale­ ment sur des espèces grégaires : oiseaux coloniaux pendant la période de reproduction, canards en période hivernale, etc. Ils offrent l'avantage de mesurer l 'importance réelle des effectifs présents sur un milieu donné (donc de définir sa capacité d'accueil) et permettent de suivre dans le temps l'évolution de ces effectifs . Ces dénombrements, qui portent sur des rassemblements pouvant aller j usqu'à plusieurs dizaines de milliers d'individus, sont effec­ tués soit par des procédés photographiques (Grzymeck et Grzy­ meck, 1 960 ; Boyd, 1 961 ; Goethe, 1961) , soit par des estimations visuelles de la taille des groupes (observations au sol, en bateau, en avion, etc.) , soit le plus souvent par une combinaison de ces moyens. D ans tous les cas, les risques d'erreur sont grands : cou­ verture photographique incomplète (\Vatson, 1 969) , erreur de lecture sur la photo (Sinclair, 1 973 ; Harris et Lloyd, 1977) , erreur dans l 'estimation visuelle (Matthews, 1960 ; Joensen, 1974) . La précision de la mesure n'a été recherchée de m anière élaborée que dans très peu de cas : essentiellement par Jolly (1969) pour répondre à des p roblèmes th éoriques d'échantillonnage, par Cau­ ghley et Goddard (1972) pour évaluer des effectifs totaux à partir de plusieurs dénombrements successifs et sous-estimés, et p ar
DigitalCommons@UNO DigitalCommons@UNO

Purpose – Meetings are a necessary part of work. This research focuses on how power distance in meetings affects emotional labour, including whether leader-member exchange (LMX) serves as a moderator for this relationship. It is hypothesized that power distance in meetings would lead to higher levels of emotional labour in meeting attendees, and that higher levels of LMX would make this relationship even stronger. Design/methodology/approach - The authors used a panel sample of full-time working adults from a variety of industries who regularly attend meetings. Participants completed a survey with items related to power distance, emotional labour, and LMX. Hypotheses were tested using moderated regression. Findings - Findings reveal that power distance between the meeting leader and attendees does relate positively to emotional labour, both surface and deep acting. In addition, LMX moderates this relationship for deep acting, but not for surface acting indicating that when high levels of both power distance and LMX exist, meeting attendees will engage in more deep acting. Research limitations/implications – The results of this study suggest that meeting leaders influence the behavior of attendees through their perceived power and relationship with the attendees. The power distance measure and cross-sectional nature of the sampling strategy is a limitation that provides opportunities for future research. Practical implications – The practical implications focus on meeting leaders, how they can help meeting attendees make meetings successful and by expressing their true authentic emotions. Originality/value – The current study is one of the first to focus on the power distance present in meetings related to emotional regulation through the social comparison theory. In addition, the current study investigates how LMX can serve as a moderator in this relationship.
DigitalCommons@UNO DigitalCommons@UNO

Modern organizations must carefully balance the practice of gathering large amounts of valuable data from individuals with the associated ethical considerations and potential negative public image inherent in breaches of privacy. As it becomes increasingly commonplace for many types of information to be collected without individuals’ knowledge or consent, managers and researchers alike can benefit from understanding how individuals react to such involuntary disclosures and how these reactions can impact evaluations of the data-collecting organizations. This research develops and empirically tests a theoretical model that shows how empowering individuals with a sense of control over their personal information can help mitigate privacy concerns following an invasion of privacy. Using a controlled experiment with 94 participants, we show that increasing control can reduce privacy concerns and significantly influence individuals’ attitudes toward the organization that has committed a privacy invasion. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our work.
Structure and dynamics of temperate lowland natural forest in the Białowiez ∙ a National Park, Poland

Summary The world-renowned Bialowiez · a National Park (BNP) in Poland has long been the object of research that provides information on the status and development of the entire, relatively large area of well-preserved lowland forest. For that reason, the aim of the work presented here was to characterize the current structure and dynamics of natural forests in Strict Reserve of BNP (SR-BNP), which covers 4584 ha. The research material encompassed the results of measurements on 460 temporary and 160 permanent sample plots. Results revealed an increase in the level of regeneration, whereas the standing volume is seen to have decreased slightly. Changes occurred in volume of certain tree species, as well as in proportions in given size classes they accounted for. The most marked increase was noted for Carpinus betulus, followed by Alnus glutinosa, Tilia cordata, Betula spp. , Acer platanoides and Pinus sylvestris. Only in the case of Picea abies was a significant decrease noted. A decline of P. abies, mainly due to Ips typographus infestation, was revealed. Currently, only 6 of the 17 species of trees growing in the SR-BNP included specimens that were growing from the regeneration layer into the overstorey in more significant numbers. Due to a reduction of species diversity in ingrowth, a gradual depletion of species richness in the SR-BNP stands should be anticipated.
Estado de las investigaciones sobre los vertebrados del jurasico superior y cretacico inferior de galve (teruel)

Galve (Teruel, Spain) is not a single fossil site but an ensemble of more than 50 localities with Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrate remains of Tithonian-Lower Barremian age. Galve fossil sites belong to the Maestrazgo basin (Central Iberian Range), Gaive Subbasin, and appear in four geological formations: Higueruelas Formation (Tithonian), Villar del Arzobispo Formation (upper Tithonian-middle Berriasian), El Castellar Formation (uppermost Hauterivianlowermost Barremian) and Camarillas Formation (lower Barremian). Most sites contain bony remains, but there are also paleoichnological and paleoological sites, with dinosaur and other reptilian tracks and eggshells. Mammals and dinosaurs are the best-known Gaive vertebrates, but some studies on sharks, bony fishes, amphibians, squamates and crocodiles have been published. Some groups, like turtles and pterosaurs, have not practically been studied yet. Galve is the type locality of severa1 taxa: the shark Lonchidion microselachos, the amphibian Galverpeton ibericum, the dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus, the mammals Galveodon nannothus, Lavocatia alfambrensis, Eobaatar hispanicus, Parendotherium herreroi, Spalacotherium henkeli and Pocamus pepelui, and the dinosaur eggshell Macroolithus turolensis. In this paper we revise the knowledge on Galve vertebrates, and update the faunal list of its fossil sites, taking into account, for the first time, the stratigraphic distribution of the taxa.
Brittle faults are weak, yet the ductile middle crust is strong: Implications for lithospheric mechanics

A global compilation of shear stress magnitude from mylonites developed along major fault zones suggests that maximum shear stresses between 80 and 120 MPa are reached at temperatures between 300 and 350°C on normal, thrust, and strike‐slip faults. These shear stresses are consistent with estimates of brittle rock strengths based on sliding friction (e.g., Byerlee's law), and with in situ measurements of crustal stress measured in boreholes. This confirms previous suggestions that in some areas at least, the continental crust is stressed close to failure down to the brittle‐ductile transition. Many major active faults in all tectonic regimes are considered to be relatively weak, however; peak static shear stresses for brittle faults estimated by a variety of techniques lie in the range of 1–50 MPa. The sharp contrast between static shear stresses estimated on the seismogenic parts of major faults and those estimated from steady‐state microstructures in ductile rocks immediately below the seismogenic zone suggests that there is an abrupt downward termination, probably controlled by temperature, of the weakening processes that govern fault behavior in the upper crust. These data also imply that seismogenic parts of major fault zones contribute little to lithospheric strength, and are unlikely to have much influence on either the slip rate or the location of the faults. Conversely, ductile middle crust immediately below the brittle‐ductile transition deforms at high stresses, and forms a significant load‐bearing element within the lithosphere.
American Dreams and European Nightmares: Experiences and Polemics of Second-Generation Greek-American Returning Migrants

The article addresses how spaces of inclusion and exclusion encountered during the relocation and adjustment processes of second-generation Greek-Americans to the ancestral homeland produce multiple constructions of self and nation as well as fragmented discourses of ‘Greekness’, ‘Americanness’ and ‘Europeanness’ in forging a narrative of belonging. Narratives of (be)longing express competing discourses of cultural disruptions and ruptures of identity in the interactive space of ‘home’ and ‘host’ countries. Furthermore, the transformation of Greece from sending to receiving country as well as the politics of European integration and identification pose additional challenges to the current metamorphosis of Greek society. Interestingly, the ambivalent character of Greek national identity provides an additional layer of subjectivity through which second-generation Greek-Americans attempt to redefine their sense of self and belongingness to the ancestral homeland.
Extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid spaces in children with benign external hydrocephalus: A case-control study

Background The distinction between normal and pathological extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces is unclear, with the use of the term benign external hydrocephalus (BEH) not being well defined in clinical practice. This study aimed to establish a distribution of metrics of the subarachnoid space in a population of children diagnosed as normal, and investigate the clinical use of the term BEH. Methods A retrospective case-control study on magnetic resonance image scans was performed on 150 children diagnosed as normal and 10 children diagnosed with BEH. Measurements were taken in the axial plane for CSF width (CSFW), and interhemispheric width (IHW). Results Normal controls had a mean age of 11.1 ± 7.6 months (78 male, 72 female) and the BEH sample had a mean age of 10.6 ± 7.8 months (six male, four female). Mean CSFW was 7.96 ± 4.79 mm in the BEH sample compared to 4.58 ± 2.25 mm in the normal sample (p < 0.05). Mean IHW was 6.30 ± 2.79 mm in the BEH sample compared to 3.89 ± 1.83 mm in the normal sample (p < 0.05). However, a substantial overlap between the two distributions of CSFW was found, with 50% of BEH patients lying within a single standard deviation of the mean of normal individuals. Conclusion The absence of diagnostic criteria for BEH means reporting is variable. Patients being diagnosed with BEH who have no other clinical defects may represent the extreme of the normal population rather than a distinct clinical entity.
Chlamydia antibody testing and diagnosing tubal pathology in subfertile women: an individual patient data meta-analysis

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Are patient characteristics associated with the accuracy of hysterosalpingography in diagnosing tubal pathology? An individual patient data meta-analysis

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