Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of tetracyclines in myocardial ischemic injury

The tetracycline class of antibiotics, which include the members doxycycline (DOX) and minocycline (MIN), have additional biological effects independent of their antimicrobial actions, of which inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is the best characterized. Tetracyclines are also capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting apoptosis and likely possess other undescribed important biological properties. These non-antimicrobial actions of the tetracyclines promote cell survival in several models of neuronal cell injury. These biochemical processes targeted by the tetracyclines are also important in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and adverse ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, I hypothesized that tetracyclines would elicit cytoprotective and anti-remodeling effects following myocardial ischemic injury. The work described here explores the capacity of DOX and MIN to improve myocardial survival, structure, and function following injury and examines their underlying mechanisms. First, it was shown that DOX inhibited adverse remodeling post-MI by inhibiting MMP activation. Second, DOX reduced infarct size following I/R injury in vivo by a mechanism independent of MMP inhibition. Using myocyte cell cultures it was found that DOX improved myocyte survival by inhibiting plasmin-mediated proteolysis of beta-1D- integrin, thereby preserving myocyte-matrix interactions. Third, MIN, but not DOX, reduced infarct size in isolated, perfused rat hearts subjected to I/R, potentially due to its ability to inhibit opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Fourth, MIN attenuated myocardial stunning and improved coronary artery flow in isolated, perfused rat hearts independent of MMP inhibition. MIN treatment was associated with increased peroxynitrite generation, suggesting that MIN promoted the formation of peroxynitrite-derived nitric oxide donor compounds capable of promoting vasodilation. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that DOX and MIN target different biochemical processes involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial I/R injury and remodeling. The lipophilic nature of MIN allows it to have greater impact on intracellular processes, such as inhibiting MPTP opening and increasing peroxynitrite generation. The less lipophilic nature of DOX confines its actions to the extracellular environment, with plasmin and MMP inhibition among its major effects
A new species of trionychid turtle, Axestemys infernalis sp. nov., from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek and Lance formations of the Northern Great Plains, USA

The Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek and Lance formations in the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Wyoming, USA, have yielded rich remains of trionychid turtles, but the alpha taxonomy of the group is still poorly resolved, as most fossils are fragmentary. We here describe a new species of trionychid, Axestemys infernalis sp. nov., based on a rich assortment of skulls, shells, and postcranial remains collected from nine fossiliferous sites spread throughout these formations. The new species is attributable to the Axestemys lineage based on the combined presence of large size, a preneural, and a single lateral hyoplastral process. Axestemys infernalis sp. nov. differs from all Paleogene representatives of Axestemys by lacking elongate free ribs and by possessing costal sculpturing that reaches the margin of the shell. It further differs from the only other Mesozoic representative of the lineage, Axestemys splendidus, a species herein restricted to the Campanian, by possessing a rounded carapace. The available Axestemys infernalis sp. nov. material shows much variation, in particular in regards to the maximum size of individuals and the relative size of callosities, but not enough to warrant recognizing multiple species. Instead, this variation is likely caused by random drift or phenotypic variation that accrued over the course of the approximately 1.36 Ma represented in the Hell Creek Formation. Walter G. Joyce. Departement für Geowissenschaften, Universität Freiburg, 1700 Freiburg, Switzerland. walter.joyce@unifr.ch Donald Brinkman. Royal Tyrell Museum of Palaeontology, Box 7500, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, T6G 2E9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Don.Brinkman@gov.ab. ca Tyler R. Lyson, Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature Science, Denver, Colorado 80205, USA. Tyler.Lyson@dmns.org JOYCE ET AL.: A NEW SPECIES OF TRIONYCHID 2
Assessing and ranking the innovation ability and business performance of global companies in the aerospace and defense industry

This study examined the innovation ability and business performance of global companies in the aerospace and defense (A&D) industry by using dynamic data envelopment analysis and ranking methods with the DuPont model. Results indicated that compared with business performance, A&D companies exhibit lower scores and higher standard deviations in the innovation ability, which signified that they should first work on reducing the gap in the level of innovation ability. DuPont analysis indicated that typical A&D companies exhibit the highest ROE. Finally, this study offers managers and policymakers detailed insights into potential areas of improvements in innovations, business performance, and profitability.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus as Progressive Primary Myopathy: A Possibility in Children? A Rare Case Report

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus infection in children has a different way of presentation. The involvement of muscular system is most commonly described as pyomyositis because of opportunistic infections or myopathy secondary to highly active antiretroviral therapy in both children and adults. Primary myopathy presenting as a progressive weakness is usually seen in adults and rarely observed in children with only a few cases described in the literature. In this case, we report a 7-year-old Indian girl with perinatal HIV infection presenting with progressive weakness and otherwise asymptomatic. An improvement was observed after antiretroviral and rehabilitative therapy.
Relationship between Metacognitive Learning Strategies, Goal Orientation, and Test Anxiety among Students at Birjand University of Medical Sciences

Background: Academic achievement of students in the fields of medical sciences is influenced by several factors, including cognitive learning strategies, goal orientation, and test anxiety. We aimed to assess the relationship between metacognitive learning strategies, goal orientation, and test anxiety. Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive and analytical study was 2621 students studying at Birjand University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was calculated to be 335 according to Krejcie and Morgan’s table and determined via stratified-randomized sampling method. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was used to collect data which consisted of 47 items on cognitive learning strategies, goal orientation, and test anxiety. Data were analyzed using independent t, Pearson’s correlation, and ANOVA tests. Results: The results showed a significant, negative correlation between the dimensions of metacognitive learning strategies and test anxiety as well as a significant, positive association between the dimensions of metacognitive learning strategies and goal orientation (P 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, metacognitive learning strategies and goal orientation are two contributory factors to reduction of test anxiety in students. Keywords: METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES, TEST ANXIETY, GOAL ORIENTATION
The mentally ill and their impact on family caregivers: A qualitative case study

The impact of mental illness is profound. This qualitative study aims to explore the impact experienced by family caregivers who provide care to relatives with mental illness. A total of 15 family caregivers from the state of Kedah in Malaysia participated in this study. The findings indicated that the family caregivers experienced four types of negative impact, including financial burdens and social, psychological and physical health. This study suggests that the family caregivers should engage in support groups to obtain emotional support and the required information from other caregivers who have similar experiences in caring for individuals with mental illness.
Distinct Life Histories Impact Dikaryotic Genome Evolution in the Rust Fungus Puccinia striiformis Causing Stripe Rust in Wheat

Stripe rust of wheat, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a major threat to wheat production world-wide with an estimated yearly loss of US $1 billion. The recent advances in long-read sequencing technologies and tailored-assembly algorithms enabled us to disentangle the two haploid genomes of Pst. This provides us with haplotype-specific information at a whole-genome level. Exploiting this novel information, we perform whole genome comparative genomics of two P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates with contrasting life histories. We compare one isolate of the old European lineage (PstS0), which has been asexual for over 50 years, and a Warrior isolate (PstS7 lineage) from a novel incursion into Europe in 2011 from a sexual population in the Himalayan region. This comparison provides evidence that long-term asexual evolution leads to genome expansion, accumulation of transposable elements, and increased heterozygosity at the single nucleotide, structural and allele levels. At the whole genome level, candidate effectors are not compartmentalized and do not exhibit reduced levels of synteny. Yet we were able to identify two subsets of candidate effector populations. About 70% of candidate effectors are invariant between the two isolates while 30% are hypervariable. The latter might be involved in host adaptation on wheat and explain the different phenotypes of the two isolates. Overall this detailed comparative analysis of two haplotype-aware assemblies of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici are the first steps in understanding the evolution of dikaryotic rust fungi at a whole genome level.
S2 Measurements Showing Suppression of Higher Order Modes in Confined Rare Earth Doped Large Core Fibers

We present a detailed investigation on higher order mode suppression due to differential gain in large mode area step index fiber amplifiers with confined Yb doping using spatially and spectrally resolved imaging (S2). A novel active fiber with Yb doping confined to the central 30% of the core area is fabricated and its performance is directly compared to a fiber with a conventional homogeneously doped core with almost identical parameters. At high pump rates, S2 and beam pointing stability measurements clearly demonstrate fundamental mode operation of the confined doping few mode fiber, even under imperfect launching conditions and environmental perturbations. In addition, we discuss the mode content as a function of gain in co-pumped fiber amplifiers with and without confined rare earth core doping using a power propagation model for fibers with similar parameters to those used in our experiments. Our simulation results as well as amplification experiments indicate the great potential of the confined doping concept for single mode high power operation.
Concomitant alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drug use among the elderly in Norway

Background: Sedative-hypnotic drugs (i.e., tranquilizers and sleeping pills) are more often used among the elderly compared to other age groups. Concomitant use of alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drugs constitutes a particularly high risk factor for accidental injuries among the elderly. However, few studies have addressed the prevalence of concomitant alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drug use and knowledge about the characteristics of such use is meagre. Aim: To assess the prevalence of concomitant alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drug use among elderly people and to explore the characteristics of such concomitant use. Data and method: Data stemmed from cross-sectional population surveys in Norway, conducted in the period 2012–2015 (sub-sample 60–79 years: N = 1920). Results: Respondents reported frequencies of use of sedatives (tranquilizers), hypnotics (sleeping pills) and alcohol consumption in the preceding 12 months. Sedative-hypnotic drug use was reported by 25%, and 19% reported both such drug use and alcohol use in the past year. Concomitant use, suggesting simultaneous intake of alcohol and drugs, was reported by 6%. Conclusions: Concomitant use was more often reported by women, hazardous alcohol users, non-working respondents, and by those in the lower income groups and those living alone. Health personnel need to take into consideration the risks associated with concomitant use and to inform their patients accordingly.
The Determinant Factors of Development Batik Cluster Business: Lesson From Pekalongan, Indonesia

The study examines how business conditions, demand conditions and the role of government can influence the development of batik clusters in Pekalongan. This research is expected to be able to provide recommendations for both employers and local governments in order to help in optimizing the development of batik clusters. The research applied a quantitative research by engaging multiple regression analysis as an effort to understand the effect of the relationship between independent and dependent variables. In addition, this research was conducted in three largest batik clusters in Pekalongan, Indonesia namely batik cluster of Pasindon, Kauman, and Jenggot. These results indicate that business conditions positively affect the batik clusters development. It implies that the greater both business conditions in a cluster will lead the better the development. Indeed, the demand conditions also have an impact on the cluster development. This finding remarked that demand conditions are variable that need to be considered to development of batik cluster. Lastly, Government’s role is confirmed that positively related to the Development of Batik Clusters. It implies that the more active the government’s role in a cluster will have a good impact on the development of the cluster in certain area.
Problems Faced by Parents in Care of Children with Congenital Clubfoot

Objective: This study aims to identify physical, psychological, social and financial problems faced by parents in care of children with congenital clubfoot. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 52 parents of congenital clubfoot child was commenced purposively who attended Hospital and Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children (HRDC) outpatient department for treatment. The self-constructed tool with 22 item 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used for interview. Confidentiality and privacy of the participants was maintained. The internal consistency of the tool after pretesting was as high as 0.887. Descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation was used for data analysis. Results: The study revealed that most of the clubfoot children had bilateral clubfoot (55.8%). Parents (57.7%) had “quite a bit” problem with cutting down work time, (61.5%) “very much” worried about their child’s future, (19.2%) “a little” problems with interaction with other people and (48.1%) had “quite a bit” decreasing source of income. Conclusion : The parents got less time for work and had decrease in income. The parents faced fewer problems in financial aspect due to free hospital services and were also worried about their children’s future. An awareness and counseling program about free health services and health condition is recommended.
Role of surgery in spinal cord injury

This article deals with the main issues of surgical management of acute spinal cord injury patients – discussing the importance of timing of surgery with physiologic stability of the cord, and indications for surgery – absolute and relative. The importance of the type of injury to the spinal column, besides the cord injury, is also discussed. A brief review of relevant literature has been performed to try and answer the question whether early or late surgical treatment for acute spinal cord injury is better than conservative management, reflecting the ethos of treatment for these problems in RJ&AH Orthopaedic Hospital in Oswestry.
Environmental Conditions of the City in which Teachers Serve and their Organizational Commitment Perception Levels

Abstract This paper aimed to reveal how environmental conditions influence organizational commitment. The study group consisted of teachers who serve in central Sirnak city. The paper is a mixed model and it utilized the descriptive survey model, which is a quantitative research method, for measuring the organizational commitment level of teachers, and descriptive analysis, as a qualitative study method, for finding out the influence of environmental factors. It was concluded based on the results obtained from the paper that the organizational commitment levels of teachers were low. It can be said that the reason for this situation is that almost all of the teachers serving in the city of >yrnak are reappointed away from this region before they complete their fifth year. As for the reasons why teachers do not stay in the region for more than five years, it was found that safety of life is their main concern.
Transformation of the Chinese Consumption: The Impact of the Exchange Rate Reform on China’s Monetary Policy

Abstract This paper focuses on comparing the autonomy and effectiveness of China’s monetary policy undertwo exchange rate regimes, which were respectively inplemented during period 1996-2005 and 2005-2014. Theautonomy of China’s monetary policy has been strengthened, and more effective to the aggregate output, since thenew exchange rate regime was implemented, employing the method of Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The reason is that the spending on real-estate has increased due to monetary policy, affects the cost of propertyin the interest rate channel since the new exchange rate regime occured. Apparently, the irrational large ratio ofreal-estate to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a potential problem to the economy. The China governmentshould guide citizens to be rational investors on real-estate.
Health Disparities Among Sexual and Gender Minorities

This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself.
Optimisation of neonatal ventilation from birth using physiological measurements as outcomes

02 Acknowledgements. 03 Table of contents . 04 List of tables. 09 List of figures. 11 List of Abbreviations used in this thesis. 13 Publications arising from this thesis. 16 Chapter 1: Introduction:. 17 1.1 Background. 18 1.1.1 History and evolution of mechanical ventilation. 18 1.1.2 Prematurity: incidence, trends and complications – limited discussion on long-term outcomes. 21 1.1.3 Mortality and Morbidity in infants born at or near term. 26 1.2 Resuscitation of prematurely born infants. 28 1.2. 1 Volutrauma, the primary determinant of ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). 28 1.2. 2 Evolution of resuscitation practices during the resuscitation of prematurely born infants. 31 1.2. 3 Studies of physiological recordings undertaken in prematurely born infants using a respiratory function monitor. 37 1.3 Ventilatory support in neonates. 40 1.4 Volume targeted ventilation (VTV). 41 1.5 Proportional Assist Ventilation (PAV) . 44 1.5. 1 The concept of proportional assist ventilation. 44 1.5. 2 Elastance and Resistance unloading during PAV. 45 1.5. 3 In-vitro and clinical studies of PAV in neonates. 47
Biomass and carbon projection models in Hardwickia binata Roxb. vis a vis estimation of its carbon sequestration potential under arid environment

ABSTRACT Hardwickia binata is an important fodder and timber tree of arid regions. Assessment of its biomass and carbon content is essential, for taking management decisions, and in ecosystem modelling. Seven models, namely, logistic, Gompertz, Chapman, Hill, Allometric, Linear and Monomolecular were tested for this purpose by using diameter at breast height (DBH). Allometric model (Y = a × DBH b ) was found best performing with AIC value of 12.65. This model was then used to develop biomass equations for different tree components using DBH as an independent variable. Developed equations showed high R 2 values (0.894 to 0.989). These equations were then used to assess the biomass and carbon stock of H. binata plantations of different age groups. Total biomass of plantations ranged between 63.61 Mg ha−1 (14 years) and 139.55 Mg ha−1 (36 years) with the corresponding carbon stock of 28.39 Mg ha−1 and 63.35 Mg ha−1 which translates into carbon sequestration rate of 1.60 and 2.02 Mg ha−1 a−1, respectively. The developed equations provide a realistic assessment of biomass productivity and carbon stock with low error margin and would thus be very useful in taking suitable management decisions and in ecosystem modelling to explain the impact of carbon management to policymakers.
Milk and its Components in the Regulation of Short-term Appetite, Food Intake and Glycemia in Young Adults

The hypothesis that milk consumption decreases short-term appetite and food intake and improves glycemic control compared with other caloric beverages in healthy young adults was explored in four experiments. The first two experiments compared isovolumetric amounts (500 ml) of milk (2% M.F.), chocolate milk (1% M.F.), a soy beverage, infant formula, orange juice and water on satiety and food intake and blood glucose before and after a meal provided at 30 min (Experiment 1) and 120 min (Experiment 2). Pre-meal ingestion of chocolate milk and infant formula (highest in calories) reduced food intake at 30 min, but not 2 h. Only milk reduced post-meal blood glucose in both experiments suggesting that its macronutrient composition is a factor in blood glucose control. Experiment 3 compared the effects of ad libitum consumption of milk (1% M.F.), regular cola, diet cola, orange juice and water at a pizza meal on fluid and ad libitum food intake and post-meal appetite and glycemia. Fluid volume consumed was similar, but all caloric beverages added to total meal-time energy intake. However, milk lowered post-meal blood glucose and appetite score. In Experiment 4, the effect of isovolumetric (500 ml) beverages of whole milk (3.25% M.F.) and each of its macronutrient components, protein (16 g), lactose (24 g), and fat (16 g) on glycemic control and gastrointestinal hormonal responses were examined. The reduction in post-prandial glycemia was mediated by interactions between its macronutrient components and associated with hormonal responses that slow stomach emptying and increase glucose disposal. Thus, the results of this research do not support the hypothesis that milk consumption decreases short-term appetite and food intake compared with other beverages; however, milk improves glycemic control by insulin-dependent and independent mechanisms.