Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting uncertainty in forecasts of weather and climate

The predictability of weather and climate forecasts is determined by the projection of uncertainties in both initial conditions and model formulation onto flow-dependent instabilities of the chaotic climate attractor. Since it is essential to be able to estimate the impact of such uncertainties on forecast accuracy, no weather or climate prediction can be considered complete without a forecast of the associated flow-dependent predictability. The problem of predicting uncertainty can be posed in terms of the Liouville equation for the growth of initial uncertainty, or a form of Fokker-Planck equation if model uncertainties are also taken into account. However, in practice, the problem is approached using ensembles of integrations of comprehensive weather and climate prediction models, with explicit perturbations to both initial conditions and model formulation; the resulting ensemble of forecasts can be interpreted as a probabilistic prediction. Many of the difficulties in forecasting predictability arise from the large dimensionality of the climate system, and special techniques to generate ensemble perturbations have been developed. Special emphasis is placed on the use of singular-vector methods to determine the linearly-unstable component of the initial probability density function. Methods to sample uncertainties in model formulation are also described. Practical ensemble prediction systems for prediction on timescales of days (weather forecasts), seasons (including predictions of El Niño) and decades (including climate change projections) are described, and examples of resulting probabilistic forecast products shown. Methods to evaluate the skill of these probabilistic forecasts are outlined. By using ensemble forecasts as input to a simple decision-model analysis, it is shown that probability forecasts of weather and climate have greater potential economic value than corresponding single deterministic forecasts with uncertain accuracy.
Dynamic Properties of Polar Molecules Confined in Electrostatic Trap

We theoretically investigate the dynamics of linear polar molecules in static quadrupole electric fields. Numerical calculation shows that molecules rotating in a specific direction experience a restoring force, being three-dimensionally trapped in the center of the field distribution. We formulate the probability of Majorana transition and the trapping lifetime with a simple model of a rotating dipole. Potential depth of the electrostatic trap is quantum-mechanically estimated to be in the order of 100 mK.
Hybrid Dynamical Model for Reluctance Actuators Including Saturation, Hysteresis, and Eddy Currents

A novel hybrid dynamical model for single-coil, short-stroke reluctance actuators is presented in this paper. The model, which is partially based on the principles of magnetic equivalent circuits, includes the magnetic phenomena of hysteresis and saturation by means of the generalized Preisach model. In addition, the eddy currents induced in the iron core are also considered, and the flux fringing effect in the air is incorporated by using results from finite element simulations. An explicit solution of the dynamics without need of inverting the Preisach model is derived, and the hybrid automaton that results from combining the electromagnetic and motion equations is presented and discussed. Finally, an identification method to determine the model parameters is proposed and experimentally illustrated on a real actuator. The results are presented and the advantages of our modeling method are emphasized.
A class of effective field theory models of cosmic acceleration

We explore a class of effective field theory models of cosmic acceleration involving a metric and a single scalar field. These models can be obtained by starting with a set of ultralight pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons whose couplings to matter satisfy the weak equivalence principle, assuming that one boson is lighter than all the others, and integrating out the heavier fields. The result is a quintessence model with matter coupling, together with a series of correction terms in the action in a covariant derivative expansion, with specific scalings for the coefficients. After eliminating higher derivative terms and exploiting the field redefinition freedom, we show that the resulting theory contains nine independent free functions of the scalar field when truncated at four derivatives. This is in contrast to the four free functions found in similar theories of single-field inflation, where matter is not present. We discuss several different representations of the theory that can be obtained using the field redefinition freedom. For perturbations to the quintessence field today on subhorizon lengthscales larger than the Compton wavelength of the heavy fields, the theory is weakly coupled and natural in the sense of t'Hooft. The theory admits a regime where the perturbations become modestly nonlinear, but very strong nonlinearities lie outside its domain of validity.
Interacting agegraphic dark energy models in phase space

Agegraphic dark energy, has been recently proposed, based on the so-called Karolyhazy uncertainty relation, which arises from quantum mechanics together with general relativity. In the first part of the article we study the original agegraphic dark energy model by including the interaction between agegraphic dark energy and pressureless (dark) matter. The phase space analysis was made and the critical points were found, one of which is the attractor corresponding to an accelerated expanding Universe. Recent observations of near supernova show that the acceleration of Universe decreases. This phenomenon is called the transient acceleration. In the second part of Article we consider the 3-component Universe composed of a scalar field, interacting with the dark matter on the agegraphic dark energy background. We show that the transient acceleration appears in frame of such a model. The obtained results agree with the observations.
Ant colony optimization approach for classification of occupational low back disorder risks

Manual material handling (MMH) tasks, the leading cause of low back disorders (LBDs), are still extensively used in industry in spite of the advanced technology. Classification of industrial jobs related to LBD risks has great significance in preventing injuries and designing workplaces. In this article, industrial jobs have been classified into two categories, low risk and high risk, using ant colony optimization (ACO). ACO classification (ACOCLASS) has obtained better results than studies that used the same experimental data. Ergonomic interventions can be done by means of obtained classification schema for future reductions in low back injuries. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrable maps

CONTENTS Introduction Chapter I. Integrable Lagrange systems with discrete time § 1. Hamiltonian theory of Lagrange systems with discrete time § 2. Discrete analogues of classical integrable systems and factorization of matrix polynomials § 3. Spectral theory of difference operators and discrete systems Chapter II. Integrability in dynamics of general algebraic maps § 1. Commuting polynomial maps and simple Lie groups § 2. Integrable polynomial automorphisms of the plane § 3. Algebraic relations and the Yang-Baxter equation. The growth of the number of images of iterations of multivalued maps References
The covariant approach to LRS perfect fluid spacetime geometries

The dynamics of perfect fluid spacetime geometries which exhibit local rotational symmetry (LRS) are reformulated in the language of a 1 + 3 `threading' decomposition of the spacetime manifold, where covariant fluid and curvature variables are used. This approach presents a neat alternative to the orthonormal frame formalism. The dynamical equations reduce to a set of differential relations between purely scalar quantities. The consistency conditions are worked out in a transparent way. We discuss their various subcases in detail and focus in particular on models with higher symmetries within the class of expanding spatially inhomogeneous LRS models, via a consideration of functional dependences between the dynamical variables.
Dark matter annihilations into two light fermions and one gauge boson: general analysis and antiproton constraints

We study in this paper the scenario where the dark matter is constituted by Majorana particles which couple to a light Standard Model fermion and an extra scalar via a Yukawa coupling. In this scenario, the annihilation rate into the light fermions with the mediation of the scalar particle is strongly suppressed by the mass of the fermion. Nevertheless, the helicity suppression is lifted by the associated emission of a gauge boson, yielding annihilation rates which could be large enough to allow the indirect detection of the dark matter particles. We perform a general analysis of this scenario, calculating the annihilation cross section of the processes χχ→ff̄V when the dark matter particle is a SU(2)L singlet or doublet, f is a lepton or a quark, and V is a photon, a weak gauge boson or a gluon. We point out that the annihilation rate is particularly enhanced when the dark matter particle is degenerate in mass to the intermediate scalar particle, which is a scenario barely constrained by collider searches of exotic charged or colored particles. Lastly, we derive upper limits on the relevant cross sections from the non-observation of an excess in the cosmic antiproton-to-proton ratio measured by PAMELA.
Dark matter attempts for CoGeNT and DAMA

Recently, the CoGeNT collaboration presented a positive signal for an annual modulation in their data set. In light of the long standing annual modulation signal in DAMA/LIBRA, we analyze the compatibility of both of these signals within the hypothesis of dark matter (DM) scattering on nuclei, taking into account existing experimental constraints. We consider the cases of elastic and inelastic scattering with either spin-dependent or spin-independent coupling to nucleons. We allow for isospin violating interactions as well as for light mediators. We find that there is some tension between the size of the modulation signal and the time-integrated event excess in CoGeNT, making it difficult to explain both simultaneously. Moreover, within the wide range of DM interaction models considered, we do not find a simultaneous explanation of CoGeNT and DAMA/LIBRA compatible with constraints from other experiments. However, in certain cases part of the data can be made consistent. For example, the modulation signal from CoGeNT becomes consistent with the total rate and with limits from other DM searches at 90 %CL (but not with the DAMA/LIBRA signal) if DM scattering is inelastic spin-independent with just the right couplings to protons and neutrons to reduce the scattering rate on xenon. Conversely the DAMA/LIBRA signal (but not CoGeNT) can be explained by spin-dependent inelastic DM scattering.
Dermaroller microneedling for deep acne scars

Objective: Primary health care involves a sustained partnership between patients and providers that addresses the patient's health needs over time. The degree of patients' satisfaction is one among the mechanisms used in assessing the quality of health care services. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine patients' satisfaction regarding the quality of medical care at the Taif University Outpatient Clinic. Methods: An analytical observational study cross sectional was conducted at the Taif University Outpatient Clinic. A random sampling technique was employed over a five month period; February 1st to June 31st 2013. A self administered (Arabic/English) questionnaire was used. Results: As regard patient-physician interaction, the average percent mean score for satisfaction (7 items) was (84.14 ± 7.97%) with the medication side effect explanation is the least one (68%), while, the overall patients' satisfaction with administrative efficiency and clinic setup environment (5 items) was 89.4 ± 5.64 % with opinion about care provision got least satisfaction (83%). Conclusion: The majority of patients were satisfied with the patient-physician interaction, technical competency, administrative efficiency and clinic set up an environment at the Taif University Outpatient Clinics. Recommendations: Continuous evaluation of patient satisfaction is to be part and parcel of the general health care delivery by Outpatient clinics of Taif University to ensure patient satisfaction.
EVALUATION OF A LASER SCANNING SENSOR IN DETECTION OF COMPLEX-SHAPED TARGETS FOR VARIABLE-RATE SPRAYER DEVELOPMENT

Sensors that can accurately measure canopy structures are prerequisites for development of advanced variable-rate sprayers. A 270° radial range laser sensor was evaluated for its accuracy in measuring the dimensions of target surfaces with complex shapes and sizes. An algorithm for data acquisition and three-dimensional (3-D) canopy image construction were designed and processed with an embedded computer. Test targets included three beach balls at three heights, a rectangular box, a cylinder, two artificial trees, and three field-grown ornamental trees. Other variables included 2, 3, 4, and 5 m detection distances and sensor travel speeds of 3.2, 4.8, 6.4, and 8.0 km h-1. The laser sensor measurements of the test targets were statistically similar with the actual measurements. The average root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of variation (CV) varied slightly with detection distance and travel speed. Among all the dimension measurements in the ranges of 0.58 to 2.54 m in the X direction, 0.58 to 2.54 m in the Y direction, and 0.58 to 2.94 m in the Z direction, the highest average RMSE of 68 mm occurred in the Z direction and the highest average CV of 8.6% occurred in the Y direction. Similarity of paired images from the laser sensor and a camera was greater than 0.85 for all targets. These tests confirmed the capability of the laser sensor and the algorithm to accurately measure complex-shaped targets, offering potential for integration of the sensor and algorithm into sprayers that would make real-time adjustment of spray outputs to match plant structures and travel speeds.
Worse overall survival in breast carcinoma expressing p16

T classification of B-cell and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma has changed considerably over the last several decades. The currently used World Health Organization (WHO) classification system has a broader consensus among the clinical and biomedical community. However, there are still several challenges in regards to the understanding of tumor biology, clinical outcome and diagnostic accuracy in certain subtypes of lymphomas such as peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), where the diagnosis is frequently challenging even among expert hematopathologists and often time’s assessment requires additional molecular testing. Recently genome-wide high throughput techniques have greatly improved our understanding of B and T-cell lymphomas. This novel genetic information has not only aided in diagnosis, but has also revealed a landscape of critical molecular events that determine the biological and clinical behavior of a lymphoma. In this presentation, I will summarize the genetic characteristics of major subtypes of B-cell and T-cell lymphomas including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and common subtypes of PTCL including angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), anaplastic T-cell lymphoma (ALCL), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and extra-nodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), and how can these improve precision in diagnosis and inform prognosis.
Symmetry breaking and Goldstone theorem in de Sitter space

We consider an O(N) symmetric scalar field model in the mean field (Hartree) approximation and show that the symmetry can be broken in de Sitter space. We find that the phase transition can be of first order, and that its strength depends non-analytically on the parameters of the model. We also show that the would-be Goldstone bosons acquire a mass, effectively becoming pseudo-Goldstone bosons, thus breaking the O(N) symmetry. Our results imply that topological defects can form during inflation.
A protective immune response using asymmetric multi-epitope self-adjuvanting lipopeptide vaccine model

A development is crucially important area of research for improving subunit vaccines. It is important to understand the impact of physicochemical properties of vaccine on immune response to fulfil development of a delivery system with robust protection against infection and tumour. Here, we synthesised a library of lipopeptide (LP) vaccine constructs to contain an asymmetrical arrangement of peptide epitopes (OVA CD4 and OVA CD8) to determine the optimal architecture for stimulation of a potent cell mediated response. C12 or C16 lipoamino acids were included in different locations of the constructs. The constructs were self-assembled in PBS and characterised. C57BL/6 mice were immunised with vaccine constructs following adoptive transfer of congenic (CD45.1) ovalbumin specific OT-I and OT-II T cells. Frequency of proliferation of OT-I and OT-II cells in naive mice were determined using FACS analysis. Then, the effector function of activated OT-I cells in response to the vaccine constructs were evaluated by cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay. Following immunisation, mice were challenged by subcutaneous injection on their abdomen with tumour cells expressing ovalbumin and investigated for inhibition of tumour growth. Furthermore, an IFN-β ELISpot assay was performed to enumerate the antigen-specific effector cells secreting IFN-β. Results showed that constructs with C16 lipids at the N-terminus formed long β-sheet fibrils and induced higher CD8+ T cell proliferation and IFN-β secretion compared with constructs containing internal placement of lipids. Constructs with small nanoparticles or beta-sheet secondary structures showed high cytolytic activity and tumour growth inhibition (Figure 1). Future direction aim to investigate the impact of these particles on humoral immune response in vivo.
Patients' experience with Parkinson's disease

Objectives: To understand the impact of Parkinsons disease (PD) on Patients life and the approaches available and used to cope with this chronic condition. Methods: Data were collected with unstructured interviews using Meihys oral history methodology. The sample consisted of eight elders from the UFSC Extension Mutual Help Group. Data were collected in the first academic semester of 2005. The project has been approved by the Ethics Committee on human subjects, Resolution n.o196/96 of the Ministry of Health. Results: Four important topics have emerged: Learn about the diagnosis of Parkinsons disease always cause a great impact. Living with Parkinsons Disease? you have to do your utmost!  The diagnosis must be shared with the family. Living with patients with Parkinsons disease may be beneficial for them; it may encourage and socialize them. Conclusions: The meaning of having or living with patients with Parkinsons disease may suggest new strategies regarding the revision and expansion of health programs to attend the needs of patients with Parkinsons disease and their family members.
Stochastic flow and FBSDE approaches to quadratic term structure models

We study the stochastic flow method and Forward-backward Stochastic Differential Equation (FBSDE) approach to the Quadratic Term Structure Models (QTSMs). Applying the stochastic flow approach, we get a closed form solution for the zero-coupon bond price under a one-dimensional QTSM. However, in the higher dimensional cases, the stochastic flow approach is difficult to implement. Therefore, we solve the n -dimensional QTSMs by implementing the FBSDE approach, which shows that the zero-coupon bond price under QTSM provided some Riccati type equations have global solutions.
Method of orbit sums in the theory of modular vector invariants

Let be a field, a finite-dimensional -vector space, a finite group, and the -fold direct sum with the diagonal action of . The group acts naturally on the symmetric graded algebra as a group of non-degenerate linear transformations of the variables. Let be the subalgebra of invariants of the polynomial algebra with respect to . A classical result of Noether [1] says that if , then is generated as an -algebra by homogeneous polynomials of degree at most , no matter how large can be. On the other hand, it was proved by Richman [2], [3] that this result does not hold when the characteristic of is positive and divides the order of . Let , , be a prime number, a finite field of elements, a linear -vector space of dimension , and a cyclic group of order generated by a matrix of a certain special form. In this paper we describe explicitly (Theorem 1) one complete set of generators of . After that, for an arbitrary complete set of generators of this algebra we find a lower bound for the highest degree of the generating elements of this algebra. This is a significant extension of the corresponding result of Campbell and Hughes [4] for the particular case of . As a consequence we show (Theorem 3) that if and is an arbitrary finite group, then each complete set of generators of contains an element of degree at least , where is a positive integer dependent on the structure of the generating matrix of the group . This result refines considerably the earlier lower bound obtained by Richman [3].
The complex of sensor placement in municipal water networks.

This paper considers the problem of optimally placing sensors in water networks to minimize the expected damage due to intentional or accidental contamination. For a simple initial model, we give a dynamic programming algorithm that finds an optimal sensor placement if the water network is a tree. However, generalizing to more realistic models or allowing non-tree water networks (even planar directed acyclic graphs) causes the sensor placement problem to become NP-hard. For the most realistic model, we prove there is a 1− 1 e approximation algorithm for the sensor placement problem with the objective of maximizing damage prevented, and we prove that no better polynomial time approximation algorithm is possible, unless P = NP. We also discuss the problem of computing the damage caused by a particular contamination event. Although existing discrete event simulators such as EPANET can provide a guess as to how much damage can occur, we show that it is strongly NP-complete to compute the damage exactly even when there are no sensors. This shows the potential difficulty of the computation performed by a simulator that tracks the movement/evolution of a contaminant plume. When time is quantized, we show that the tracking computation becomes weakly NP-complete. Lastly, we give a pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming algorithm that should be more effective than discrete-event simulation in practice when performing large numbers of similar simulations simultaneously.
Asymptotics of 10j symbols

The Riemannian 10j symbols are spin networks that assign an amplitude to each 4-simplex in the Barrett–Crane model of Riemannian quantum gravity. This amplitude is a function of the areas of the ten faces of the 4-simplex, and Barrett and Williams have shown that one contribution to its asymptotics comes from the Regge action for all non-degenerate 4-simplices with the specified face areas. However, we show numerically that the dominant contribution comes from degenerate 4-simplices. As a consequence, one can compute the asymptotics of the Riemannian 10j symbols by evaluating a ‘degenerate spin network’, where the rotation group SO(4) is replaced by the Euclidean group of isometries of ℝ3. We conjecture formulae for the asymptotics of a large class of Riemannian and Lorentzian spin networks in terms of these degenerate spin networks, and check these formulae in some special cases. Among other things, this conjecture implies that the Lorentzian 10j symbols are asymptotic to 1/16 times the Riemannian ones.