Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Long-Term Adherence to Monitoring/Treatment in Underserved Asian Americans with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) through a Multicomponent Culturally Tailored Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Although Asian Americans make up 6% of the U.S. population, they account for 58% of Americans with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Yet, adherence to monitoring and antiviral treatment guidelines among Asian American CHB patients remains suboptimal. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention on adherence to CHB monitoring among Asian Americans with CHB. The intervention components included virtual patient education, patient navigation, and mobile health reminders delivered by bilingual community health educators. Chi-square test and t-test were used to compare demographic characteristics and two CHB measures: CHB clinical follow-up and CHB laboratory monitoring by the time of the 12-month follow-up assessment. A generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) was fitted to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: The study sample consisted of 358 Chinese and Vietnamese Americans living with CHB, including 181 in the intervention group and 177 in the control group. The intervention group had a significantly higher rate of CHB clinical follow-up (86.2%) and CHB laboratory monitoring (79.0%) than did the control group (54.2% and 45.2%, respectively). Results of the GLMM showed significant intervention effects on CHB clinical follow-up (odds ratio = 7.35, 95% confidence interval = 4.06–13.33) and CHB laboratory monitoring (odds ratio = 6.60, 95% confidence interval = 3.77–11.56) at the 12-month follow-up assessment. Conclusion: The multicomponent intervention was effective in improving adherence to CHB monitoring among Asian Americans. Additional implementation research is needed to better understand and apply effective interventions to other underserved populations.
A VGG-19 Model with Transfer Learning and Image Segmentation for Classification of Tomato Leaf Disease

Tomato leaves can have different diseases which can affect harvest performance. Therefore, accurate classification for the early detection of disease for treatment is very important. This article proposes one classification model, in which 16,010 tomato leaf images obtained from the Plant Village database are segmented before being used to train a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). This means that this classification model will reduce training time compared with that of the model without segmenting the images. In particular, we applied a VGG-19 model with transfer learning for re-training in later layers. In addition, the parameters such as epoch and learning rate were chosen to be suitable for increasing classification performance. One highlight point is that the leaf images were segmented for extracting the original regions and removing the backgrounds to be black using a hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color space. The segmentation of the leaf images is to synchronize the black background of all leaf images. It is obvious that this segmentation saves time for training the DCNN and also increases the classification performance. This approach improves the model accuracy to 99.72% and decreases the training time of the 16,010 tomato leaf images. The results illustrate that the model is effective and can be developed for more complex image datasets.
A Minimal Model for Compositional Generalization on gSCAN

Whether neural networks are capable of compositional generalization has been a topic of much debate. Most previous studies on this subject investigate the generalization capabilities of state-of-the-art deep learning architectures. We here take a more bottom-up approach and design a minimal model that displays generalization on a compositional benchmark, namely, the gSCAN dataset. The model is a hybrid architecture that combines layers trained with gradient descent and a selective attention mechanism optimized with an evolutionary strategy. The architecture has around 60 times fewer trainable parameters than models previously tested on gSCAN, and achieves comparable accuracies on most test splits, even when trained only on a fraction of the dataset. On adverb to verb generalization accuracy, it outperforms previous approaches by 65 to 86%. Through ablation studies, neuron pruning, and error analyses, we show that weight decay and attention mechanisms facilitate compositional generalization by encouraging sparse representations divorced from irrelevant context. We find that the model’s sample efficiency can mainly be attributed to its selective attention mechanism.
Durability of Immune Response to ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 Vaccine in Solid Cancer Patients Undergoing Anticancer Treatment

There are limited data available about the durability of the immune response after administration of the widely used adenovirus-vectored ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine in cancer patients. This prospective longitudinal observational study analyzed follow-up data of immunogenic responses 12 weeks after the second dose of the ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine in 290 oncological patients compared to healthy controls. The study aimed to assess the persistence of the humoral immune response three months after the second dose, and omicron neutralization was also evaluated. Three months after completion of the second vaccine dose, the geometric mean titer of SARS-CoV-2 binding total Ig statistically decreased by 42% compared to those at 4 weeks, and was lower than that of the healthy control. Six percent of patients became seronegative for anti-RBD total Ig. Only 5% (2 of 40 samples) tested positive for surrogate neutralization against SAR-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2. Across different therapy types, a waning in immunogenicity was observed within three months after the second dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, rendering it insufficient at that point to protect against the SAR-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant.
Origin of Nitrogen Isotopic Variations in the Rocky Bodies of the Solar System

Noncarbonaceous (NC; inner solar system) meteorites have lower 15N/14N ratios than carbonaceous (CC; outer solar system) meteorites. Whether this is evidence of a primordial heterogeneity of N reservoirs in the protosolar disk remains unclear. In this study, I consider the N isotopic compositions of meteorite (chondrite, achondrite, and iron meteorite) parent bodies as a function of their growth zones. Despite the 15N/14N ratios of CC meteorites being generally higher than NC meteorites, there is a substantial overlap between them. Late-stage mixing of isotopically distinct reservoirs cannot explain this overlap. 15N/14N ratios of meteorites, independent of the growth zones, are correlated with the accretion ages of their parent bodies. A common correlation of the 15N/14N ratios of NC and CC chondrites with their peak metamorphic temperatures suggests that N isotopic compositions of meteorites were likely set by a universal time-dependent process—thermal evolution of their parent bodies by radiogenic heating. Therefore, heterogeneous N isotopic compositions of meteorites do not allude to isotopically heterogeneous primitive N reservoirs in the protosolar disk. Rather, it is likely that the N isotopic compositions of meteorites are a direct reflection of a differential response of labile 15N-rich and refractory 15N-poor components in common organic precursors to variable degrees of parent body processing. Consequently, the isotopic ratios of N, and other highly volatile elements like C and H, in meteorites do not reflect the isotopic compositions of primitive volatile reservoirs in the protosolar disk and thus cannot be used independently to cosmolocate volatile reservoirs in the disk.
Distance analysis of elastic scattering data of light projectiles on 27Al target

The strong synergy between nuclear structure and reactions mechanism has allowed the observation of cluster effects in the elastic scattering process. In this work we present an alternative phenomenological analysis on the angular distributions for elastic scattering induced by tightly-bound (12C, 16O), weakly-bound (6Li, 7Li, 9Be), and exotic (6He) nuclei on light 27Al target at energies close to the Coulomb barrier. The reported and published angular distributions for these systems were converted from cross sections as a function of angle to cross sections as a function of the distance of closest approach. From these new plots, it is now possible to extract the critical-interaction and strong-absorption distances. Larger values for the critical distances were obtained for the exotic and weakly-bound nuclei as compared to those corresponding to tightly-bound 12C and 16O nuclei.
Mechanical properties and microstructure of cold-rolled Scalmalloy® (Al-4.5Mg-0.6Sc-0.3Zr alloy) at a low reduction in thickness

A selective laser melted Al-4.5Mg-0.6Sc-0.3Zr alloy, also known as Scalmalloy®, was cold-rolled at two different reductions in thickness to observe the effect on microstructure and mechanical properties. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing with digital image correlation, surface roughness testing and microhardness testing was used to examine samples. Hardness increased significantly in the 30% cold-rolled condition – 20.2% in the horizontal plane, 12.5% in the transverse plane, and 18.2% in the longitudinal plane. Surface roughness was reduced to as low as 1. 2μm for cold-rolled conditions compared to >15μm for as-built conditions. Yield strengths were less for cold-rolled conditions compared to as-built and ultimate tensile strengths were similar for as-built and 10% cold rolled conditions. However, 30% cold-rolled condition saw a 10.8% increase compared to as built. Strain distribution among samples was uniform for as-built conditions but concentrated in certain areas for cold-rolled conditions. SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces showed some very ductile fractures evident from dimpling. The microstructure was heavily deformed for all cold-rolled conditions in all build directions showing flattened, elongated grains and grain refinement in both the coarse grain and fine grain regions present in Scalmalloy, especially for the 30% cold-rolled condition.
A vanishing theorem for semipositive line bundles over non-Kähler manifolds

We prove in this paper the following vanishing theorem. If M is a compact complex manifold and L is a Hermitian holomorphic line bundle whose curvature form is everywhere semipositive and is strictly positive outside a set of measure zero, then H(M, LKM) vanishes for q > 1, where KM is the canonical line bundle of M. In view of the results of Grauert-Riemenschneider [4] this is equivalent to the statement that any compact complex manifold M which admits such a line bundle L must be Moisezon (in the sense that the transcendence degree of the meromorphic function field of M must equal the complex dimension of M). This vanishing theorem is motivated by the conjecture of Grauert-Riemenschneider [4, p. 277]. [11, Conjecture I] which is still an open problem. The difficulty with the conjecture is how to prove the following special case. Conjecture of Grauert-Riemenschneider. Let M be a compact complex manifold which admits a Hermitian holomorphic line bundle L whose curvature form is positive definite on a dense subset G of M. Then M is Moisezon. The conjecture of Grauert-Riemenschneider was originally introduced for the purpose of characterizing Moisezon spaces by quasipositive torsion-free sheaves. Since then a number of other characterizations of Moisezon spaces have been obtained [11], [17], [16], [2], [10] which circumvent the difficulty of proving the Grauert-Riemenschneider conjecture by stating the characterizations in such a way that a proof can be obtained by using blow-ups, Kodaira's vanishing and embedding theorems, or L estimates of 3 for complete Kahler manifolds. Our vanishing theorem is equivalent to the confirmation of the conjecture of Grauert-Riemenschneider for the special case where M G is of measure zero
Higher order gravitational radiation losses in binary systems: Erratum

Le taux d'emission de l'energie gravitationnelle emanant d'un systeme de 2 masses ponctuelles est calcule en tenant compte des corrections relativistes dans la dynamique du systeme et en utilisant le formalisme post-newtonien pour la dynamique de 2 masses ponctuelles en mouvement quasi-elliptique et les resultats sont compares aux valeurs mesurees pour le pulsar binaire PSR 1913+16. L'emission du rayonnement gravitationnel est egalement consideree durant la rencontre de 2 etoiles se deplacant sur des orbites quasi-hyperboliques
The extended epoch of galaxy formation: age dating of ~3600 galaxies with 2

We aim at improving constraints on the epoch of galaxy formation by measuring the ages of 3597 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts 2 2 the joint analysis of spectroscopy and photometry combined with restricted age possibilities when taking into account the age of the Universe substantially reduces systematic uncertainties and degeneracies in the age derivation. We find galaxy ages ranging from very young with a few tens of million years to substantially evolved with ages up to ~1.5-2 Gyr. The formation redshifts z_f derived from the measured ages indicate that galaxies may have started forming stars as early as z_f~15. We produce the formation redshift function (FzF), the number of galaxies per unit volume formed at a redshift z_f, and compare the FzF in increasing redshift bins finding a remarkably constant 'universal' FzF. The FzF is parametrized with (1+z)^\zeta, with \zeta~0.58+/-0.06, indicating a smooth 2 dex increase from z~15 to z~2. Remarkably this observed increase is of the same order as the observed rise in the star formation rate density (SFRD). The ratio of the SFRD with the FzF gives an average SFR per galaxy of ~7-17Msun/yr at z~4-6, in agreement with the measured SFR for galaxies at these redshifts. From the smooth rise in the FzF we infer that the period of galaxy formation extends from the highest possible redshifts that we can probe at z~15 down to redshifts z~2. This indicates that galaxy formation is a continuous process over cosmic time, with a higher number of galaxies forming at the peak in SFRD at z~2 than at earlier epochs. (Abridged)
The Solar Neighborhood L: Spectroscopic Discovery of K Dwarfs Younger Than 1 Gyr and New Binaries within 30 pc

As part of a comprehensive effort to characterize the nearest stars, the CHIRON echelle spectrograph on the CTIO/SMARTS 1.5 m telescope is being used to acquire high-resolution (R = 80,000) spectra of K dwarfs within 50 pc. This paper provides spectral details about 35 K dwarfs from five benchmark sets with estimated ages spanning 20 Myr–5.7 Gyr. Four spectral age and activity indicators are tested, three of which aligned with the estimated ages of the benchmark groups—the Na i doublet (5889.95 and 5895.92 Å), the Hα line (6562.8 Å), and the Li i resonance line (6707.8 Å). The benchmark stars are then used to evaluate seven field K dwarfs exhibiting variable radial velocities for which initial CHIRON data did not show obvious companions. Two of these stars are estimated to be younger than 700 Myr, while one exhibits stellar activity unusual for older K-dwarf field stars and is possibly young. The four remaining stars turn out to be spectroscopic binaries, two of which are being reported here for the first time with orbital periods found using CHIRON data. Spectral analysis of the combined sample of 42 benchmark and variable radial velocity stars indicates temperatures ranging from 3900 to 5300 K and metallicities from −0.4 < [Fe/H] < +0.2. We also determine logg=4.5–4.7 for main-sequence K dwarfs. Ultimately, this study will target several thousand of the nearest K dwarfs and provide results that will serve present and future studies of stellar astrophysics and exoplanet habitability.
Multilayer coating for higher accelerating fields in superconducting radio-frequency cavities: a review of theoretical aspects

The theory of the superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) multilayer structure for application in superconducting accelerating cavities is reviewed. The theoretical field limit, optimum layer thicknesses and material combination, and surface resistance are discussed for the SIS structure and are also reviewed for the superconductor–superconductor bilayer structure.
STRUCTURED MOLECULAR GAS REVEALS GALACTIC SPIRAL ARMS

We explore the development of structures in molecular gas in the Milky Way by applying the analysis of the brightness distribution function and the brightness distribution index (BDI) in the archival data from the Boston University–Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory 13CO J = 1–0 Galactic Ring Survey. The BDI measures the fractional contribution of spatially confined bright molecular emission over faint emission extended over large areas. This relative quantity is largely independent of the amount of molecular gas and of any conventional, pre-conceived structures, such as cores, clumps, or giant molecular clouds. The structured molecular gas traced by higher BDI is located continuously along the spiral arms in the Milky Way in the longitude–velocity diagram. This clearly indicates that molecular gas changes its structure as it flows through the spiral arms. Although the high-BDI gas generally coincides with H ii regions, there is also some high-BDI gas with no/little signature of ongoing star formation. These results support a possible evolutionary sequence in which unstructured, diffuse gas transforms itself into a structured state on encountering the spiral arms, followed by star formation and an eventual return to the unstructured state after the spiral arm passage.
Spherical collapse in f(R) gravity and the Belinskii-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz conjecture

Spherical scalar collapse in $f(R)$ gravity is studied numerically in double-null coordinates in Einstein frame. Dynamics in the vicinity of the singularity of the formed black hole is examined via mesh refinement and asymptotic analysis. Before the collapse, the scalar degree of freedom ${f}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is coupled to a physical scalar field, and general relativity is restored. During the collapse, the major energy of the physical scalar field moves to the center. As a result, ${f}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ loses the coupling and becomes light, and gravity transits from general relativity to $f(R)$ gravity. Due to strong gravity from the singularity and the low mass of ${f}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, ${f}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ will cross the minimum of the potential and approach zero. Therefore, the dynamical solution is significantly different from the static solution of the black hole in $f(R)$ gravity\char22{}it is not the de Sitter-Schwarzschild solution as one might have expected. ${f}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ tries to suppress the evolution of the physical scalar field, which is a dark energy effect. As the singularity is approached, metric terms are dominant over other terms. The Kasner solution for spherical scalar collapse in $f(R)$ theory is obtained and confirmed by numerical results. These results support the Belinskii-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz conjecture well.
A Magellanic origin of the DES dwarfs

We establish the connection between the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) and the dwarf galaxy candidates discovered in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) by building a dynamical model of the MC satellite populations, based on an extensive suite of tailor-made numerical simulations. Our model takes into account the response of the Galaxy to the MCs infall, the dynamical friction experienced by the MCs and the disruption of the MC satellites by their hosts. The simulation suite samples over the uncertainties in the MC's proper motions, the masses of the MW and the Clouds themselves and allows for flexibility in the intrinsic volume density distribution of the MC satellites. As a result, we can accurately reproduce the DES satellites' observed positions and kinematics. Assuming that Milky Way (MW) dwarfs follow the distribution of subhaloes in $\Lambda$CDM, we further demonstrate that, of 14 observed satellites, the MW halo contributes fewer than 4 (8) of these with 68% (95%) confidence and that 7 (12) DES dwarfs have probabilities greater than 0.7 (0.5) of belonging to the LMC. Marginalising over the entire suite, we constrain the total number of the Magellanic satellites at ~70, the mass of the LMC around $10^{11}M_\odot$ and show that the Clouds have likely endured only one Galactic pericentric passage so far. Finally, we give predictions for the line-of-sight velocities and the proper motions of the satellites discovered in the vicinity of the LMC.
Correlates of Adherence to the 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pediatric Hypertension in Safety-Net Clinics: A Two-Year Cross-Sectional Study

Importance: The 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) has categorized a greater proportion of children with elevated blood pressure (BP) or pHTN, and yet several barriers to CPG adherence have been noted. Objective: To assess adherence to the 2017 CPG for the diagnosis and management of pHTN. Design: Cross-sectional study using electronic health record-extracted data (January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020). Setting: AllianceChicago, a national Health Center Controlled Network of federally qualified health centers. Participants: Children and adolescents (ages [≥]3 and <18) who attended [≥]1 visit and had [≥]1 BP reading [≥]90th percentile or diagnosis of elevated BP or pHTN. Exposure: BP [≥]90th percentile or [≥]95th percentile. Main Outcomes and Measures: 1) diagnosis of pHTN or elevated BP, 2) BP management (antihypertensive medication, lifestyle counseling, referral), and 3) follow-up visit attendance. Descriptive statistics described the sample and rates of guideline adherence. Logistic regression analyses identified patient- and clinic-level predictors of primary outcomes. Results: Guideline-adherent diagnosis was observed in 8,811/23,334 (37.8%) children with BP [≥]90th percentile, 6,427/15,423 (41.6%) children with BP [≥]95th percentile, and 146/2,542 (5.7%) children with [≥]3 visits with BP [≥]95th percentile. A clinical decision support tool was used to calculate BP percentiles in 45.1% of cases and was associated with significantly greater odds of pHTN diagnosis (OR: 6.18, 95%CI: 5.06, 9.40). Among children with BP [≥]95th percentile, antihypertensive medication was prescribed to 795/15,422 (5.2%) children, lifestyle counseling was provided to 14,841/15,422 (96.2%), and a BP-related referral was given to 848/15,422 (5.5%). Children seen at clinics in rural versus urban settings were more likely to be prescribed antihypertensive medication (OR: 1.96, 95%CI: 1.59, 2.41) and less likely to be given a BP-related referral (OR: 0.01, 95%CI: 0.00, 0.06). Guideline-adherent follow-up was observed in 8,651/19,049 (45.4%) children with BP [≥]90th percentile and 2,598/15,164 (17.1%) children with BP [≥]95th percentile. Conclusions and Relevance: Fewer than 50% of children with elevated BP had a guideline-adherent diagnosis code or attended guideline-adherent follow-up. Using the clinical decision support tool increased guideline-adherent diagnosis, but was underutilized. Further work is needed to understand how to best support implementation of tools promoting pHTN diagnosis, management, and follow-up.