Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and Correlation of the Kinect-Based Semi-Automatic Scoring Method for Measuring Anomalous Head Posture as Compared to the CROM ® Device

Objective: To determine the reliability of the Kinect-based semi-automatic scoring method (KSSM) using Kinect for Windows v2 for head posture compared to the cervical range-of-motion (CROM) device. Methods and Analysis: Head positions between −40° and +40° of chin up/down (X), head turn (Y), and lateral tilt (Z) were measured in 10° increments in healthy volunteers. Their head positions were simultaneously measured using the KSSM and CROM. The following four points were analyzed: the success rate of the KSSM, the correlation between the two methods, the comparison of results by 95% limits of agreement (LA), and proportional error at 95% LA. Results: The measurability of the KSSM for all positions within ±30° of the X, Y, and Z axes was 100%. The correlations for both methods were 0.979 (95% CI: 0.967–0.987), 0.985 (0.976–0.991), and 0.988 (0.981–0.993) for the X-, Y-, and Z-axes, respectively. The simple linear regression analysis equations for 95% LA were Y=−0.024X-0.452 for X axes, Y=0.024X-0.363 for Y axes, and Y= −0.045X+0.217 for Z axes (95% confidence interval for each axis: −0.055–0.007, −0.006–0.050, and −0.071–0.018). However, the proportional biases were small because the predictive values of the differences in head positions from −40° to 40° determined by the equations were within ± 5° for chin up/down and within ± 3° for head tilt. Conclusion: Head posture measurements using the KSSM and CROM were found to be similar when used in clinical settings.
BOYS DON'T CRY Masculinities, Fear of Crime and Fearlessness

The gendered stereotypes of fearless male/fearful female' are not supported by the reality of complex and multiple identities and the shifting meanings of fear and fearlessness which are brought to and evolve from these identities. Referring to evidence from the author's own research, childhood and adolescence are put forward as crucial stages in identity development where one can begin to unpack the processes by which gendered meanings of fear and fearlessness become fixed'. This paper argues that the image of the fearless' male, from childhood onwards, is not a helpful one. The benefits to the male sex from taking on a fearless' persona, alongside its negative social implications, are discussed with reference to hegemonic masculinity. Class and race are put forward as significant variables in the development of hegemonic masculinity's emotionally inarticulate persona and racism is highlighted as one of the ugliest expressions of exaggerated masculinity. The above is placed and developed within the theoretical context of the hegemonic masculine biography'.
Article (refereed) - postprint

21 A variety of tools have emerged with the goal of mapping the current delivery of ecosystem services 22 and quantifying the impact of environmental changes. An important and often overlooked question 23 is how accurate the outputs of these models are in relation to empirical observations. In this paper 24 we validate a hydrological ecosystem service model (InVEST Water Yield Model) using widely 25 available data. We modelled annual water yield in 22 UK catchments with widely varying land cover, 26 population and geology, and compared model outputs with gauged river flow data from the UK 27 National River Flow Archive. Values for input parameters were selected from existing literature to 28 reflect conditions in the UK and were subjected to sensitivity analyses. We also compared model 29 performance between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data sourced from global- and 30 UK-scale datasets. We then tested the transferability of the results within the UK by additional 31 validation in a further 20 catchments. 32 Whilst the model performed only moderately with global-scale data (linear regression of modelled 33 total water yield against empirical data; slope = 0.763, intercept = 54.45, R 2 = 0.963) with wide 34 variation in performance between catchments, the model performed much better when using UK- 35 scale input data, with closer fit to the observed data (slope = 1.07, intercept = 3.07, R 2 = 0.990). With 36 UK data the majority of catchments showed less than 10% difference between measured and 37 modelled water yield but there was a minor but consistent overestimate per hectare (86 38 m 3 /ha/year). Additional validation on a further 20 UK catchments was similarly robust, indicating 39 that these results are transferable within the UK. These results suggest that relatively simple 40 models can give accurate measures of ecosystem services. However, the choice of input data is 41 critical and there is a need for further validation in other parts of the world. 42
comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily dosing of valsartan in patients with chronic stable heart failure

Background: The safety of once-daily (qd) dosing of valsartan in heart failure (HF) patients is not known. Hypothesis: This 10-week, double-blind trial examined the relative safety and efficacy of valsartan administered qd versus twice-daily (bid). Methods: HF patients (NYHA class II–III) receiving diuretics (87%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (98%), beta-blockers (92%), aldosterone antagonists (25%), or digoxin (32%) were randomized to valsartan 40 mg bid (n = 60) or 80 mg qd (n = 55) and titrated to a maximum dose of 320 mg/day; doubling the dose every 2 weeks. Clinical and biochemical parameters were measured at Weeks 2, 4, 6, and 10. Results: The average dose of valsartan at the end of study was 245 mg in the bid group vs 256 mg in the qd group ( P = NS). Similar proportions of patients tolerated qd vs bid dosing (bid 67% vs qd 68%). Outcome measures including reduction in blood pressure, incidence of hypotension, renal impairment, orthostatic dizziness or fatigue, changes in serum K + , creatinine, cystatin-C, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were similar between the 2 groups at all time-points. Brain natriuretic peptide levels decreased and plasma renin activity increased from baseline by the same amount in both groups at all time-points. Conclusion: Valsartan administered qd has a similar safety and tolerability profile with comparable 24-hour RAAS blockade, as assessed by increases in PRA, as bid dosing in patients with moderate to severe (NYHA class II–III) heart failure.
Applications Of The Signed Distance Function To Surface Geometry

Applications of the signed distance function to surface geometry Daniel Mayost Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Mathematics University of Toronto 2014 In studying the geometry of a submanifold, it is often convenient to represent the submanifold as the zero set of an appropriately chosen defining function. For a hypersurface, a natural function to consider is its signed distance function. In this thesis we study the differential geometry of surfaces embedded in R by expressing the curvatures and principal directions of a surface in terms of the derivatives of its signed distance function. This allows us to derive many established and new results using simple multivariable calculus. After first defining the signed distance function to a surface and demonstrating its basic properties, we prove several integral formulas involving the surface’s principal curvatures, including a generalization of the divergence theorem. We then derive a complex linear differential equation in the principal radii and directions of the surface that is based on the Mainardi-Codazzi equations, and establish a connection between the function in this equation and the surface’s support function. These are used to obtain a characterization of the principal directions around an umbilical point on a surface, and to reduce the Loewner index conjecture for real analytic surfaces to a problem about the location of the roots of a specific class of polynomials. Finally, we extend our generalized divergence theorem to submanifolds of arbitrary co-dimension equipped with a Riemannian metric.
Effect of Radiation Interception and Canopy Temperature on Growth, Yield and Quality in Banana Cv. Grande Naine (AAA) under Different Planting Densities

A study was made to test the effect of radiation interception and canopy temperature under different planting densities [T1- 1.5m x 1.5m (4,444 plants/ha); T2- 2m x 2m (2500 plants/ha); T3- 1.5m x 2.5m (2666 plants/ha); T4- 2m x 2.5m (2000 plants/ha); T5- 2.5m x 2.5m (1600 plants/ha)] on growth, yield and quality in banana cv. Grande Naine. With an increase in planting density, plant height increased significantly. Pseudostem was tallest in the closest spacing, viz., 1.5m x 1.5m (T1), and was shortest in the widest spacing, 2.5m x 2.5m (T5). T1 treatment (1.5m x 1.5m) recorded the least average-canopy-temperature (25.80°C/day) from the flowering to the harvest. T5 recorded the maximum average-radiation-interception, with a value of 432.16 lux/8 hr/day; whereas, T1 recorded minimum average-radiation-interception of 219.58 lux/8 hr/day. Significant influence of spacing was seen on yield /ha. Plants grown under higher density yielded comparatively higher yield (82.65 t/ha) under a spacing of 1.5m x 1.5m (T1). It is thus seen that growth parameters (pseudostem height and number of leaves) and yield/ha in banana was superior at a higher density (1.5m x 1.5m); whereas, in terms of quality of fruit (TSS and total sugar content) spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m was superior. This indicates a positive influence of radiation interception and canopy temperature in banana production.
Modelling of the electric field distribution in the brain during tDCS

Abstract We simulated the electric current distribution in the brain during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using an anatomically accurate human head model. We estimated an effect of common electrode montages on spatial distribution of the electric field during tDCS procedure and analyzed a sensitivity of the technique to variations of electrode size and orientation. We concluded that the used electrode montages are stable with respect to minor changes in electrode size and position, while an assumption of homogeneity and isotropy of the head model results in crucial changes of the electric field distribution. We determined the electrode montages suited to deliver strong effect on hippocampus and cerebellum.
Bayesian Probabilistic Numerical Methods for Industrial Process Monitoring

The use of high-power industrial equipment, such as large-scale mixing equipment or a hydrocyclone for separation of particles in liquid suspension, demands careful monitoring to ensure correct operation. The task of monitoring the liquid suspension can be posed as a time-evolving inverse problem and solved with Bayesian statistical methods. In this paper, we extend Bayesian methods to incorporate statistical models for the error that is incurred in the numerical solution of the physical governing equations. This enables full uncertainty quantification within a principled computation-precision trade-off, in contrast to the over-confident inferences that are obtained when numerical error is ignored. The method is cast with a sequential Monte Carlo framework and an optimised implementation is provided in Python. ∗Correspondence should be addressed to the first author. Chris. J. Oates is Senior Lecturer, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, UK and Group Leader, Lloyds Register Foundation Programme on Data-Centric Engineering, Alan Turing Institute, London NW1 2DB, UK. (E-mail: chris.oates@ncl.ac.uk) Jon Cockayne is a PhD student, Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK. (E-mail: j.cockayne@warwick.ac.uk) Robert G. Aykroyd is Senior Lecturer, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. (E-mail: r.g.aykroyd@leeds.ac.uk) This research was supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers and by the Key Technology Partnership program at the University of Technology Sydney. This material was based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS1127914 to the Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences Institute. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 1 ar X iv :1 70 7. 06 10 7v 1 [ st at . A P] 1 9 Ju l 2 01 7
Brand love and positive word of mouth: the moderating effects of experience and price

Purpose This study aims to test and extend Carroll and Ahuvia’s (2006) model on the antecedents and outcomes of brand love by examining the moderating effects of experience and price on the relationship between brand love and offline word of mouth (WOM) and between brand love and electronic WOM (eWOM). Design/methodology/approach An online survey was conducted on Facebook, which generated 342 valid responses. The data were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling. Findings The results mainly support the model by confirming that the self-expressiveness of the brand and trust are positively associated with brand love. No association between hedonic product type and brand love was found. The study’s findings also suggest positive associations between brand love and both types of WOM. Experience and price were found to strengthen the relationship between brand love and offline WOM but not the relationship between brand love and eWOM. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by introducing and testing an extended model of brand love. It tests two moderating effects on the relationship between brand love and WOM.
A Fourier Collocation Approach for Transit-Time Ultrasonic Flowmeter Under Multi-Phase Flow Conditions

A numerical model for a clamp-on transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter (TTUF) under multi-phase flow conditions is presented. The method solves equations of linear elasticity for isotropic heterogeneous materials with background flow where acoustic media are modeled by setting shear modulus to zero. Spatial derivatives are calculated by a Fourier collocation method allowing the use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and time derivatives are approximated by a finite difference (FD) scheme. This approach is sometimes referred to as a pseudospectral time-domain method. Perfectly matched layers (PML) are used to avoid wave-wrapping and staggered grids are implemented to improve stability and efficiency. The method is verified against exact analytical solutions and the effect of the time-staggering and associated lowest number of points per minimum wavelengths value is discussed. The method is then employed to model a complete TTUF measurement setup to simulate the effect of a flow profile on the flowmeter accuracy and a study of an impact of inclusions in flowing media on received signals is carried out.
Deep learning in high dimension: Neural network expression rates for generalized polynomial chaos expansions in UQ

We estimate the expressive power of certain deep neural networks (DNNs for short) on a class of countably-parametric, holomorphic maps [Formula: see text] on the parameter domain [Formula: see text]. Dimension-independent rates of best [Formula: see text]-term truncations of generalized polynomial chaos (gpc for short) approximations depend only on the summability exponent of the sequence of their gpc expansion coefficients. So-called [Formula: see text]-holomorphic maps [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text], are known to allow gpc expansions with coefficient sequences in [Formula: see text]. Such maps arise for example as response surfaces of parametric PDEs, with applications in PDE uncertainty quantification (UQ) for many mathematical models in engineering and the sciences. Up to logarithmic terms, we establish the dimension independent approximation rate [Formula: see text] for these functions in terms of the total number [Formula: see text] of units and weights in the DNN. It follows that certain DNN architectures can overcome the curse of dimensionality when expressing possibly countably-parametric, real-valued maps with a certain degree of sparsity in the sequences of their gpc expansion coefficients. We also obtain rates of expressive power of DNNs for countably-parametric maps [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the Hilbert space [Formula: see text].
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Association of Cyclooxygenase-1–Dependent and –Independent Platelet Function Assays With Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Aspirin-Treated Patients Presenting for Cardiac Catheterization”

Our conclusion that “poor clinical outcomes of aspirin-treated patients is due in part to incomplete cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition, but is also due in part to COX-1–independent platelet hyperreactivity” is based on the independent association of both high residual serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and shortened platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) collagen/ADP closure time (CADP CT; indicative of COX-1–independent platelet hyperreactivity) with adverse outcomes in aspirin-treated patients.1 These findings help define factors that contribute to the risk for adverse events in …
Model-Based Imitation Learning with Accelerated Convergence

Sample efficiency is critical in solving real-world reinforcement learning problems, where agent-environment interactions can be costly. Imitation learning from expert advice has proved to be an effective strategy for reducing the number of interactions required to train a policy. Online imitation learning, a specific type of imitation learning that interleaves policy evaluation and policy optimization, is a particularly effective framework for training policies with provable performance guarantees. In this work, we seek to further accelerate the convergence rate of online imitation learning, making it more sample efficient. We propose two model-based algorithms inspired by Follow-the-Leader (FTL) with prediction: MOBIL-VI based on solving variational inequalities and MOBIL-PROX based on stochastic first-order updates. When a dynamics model is learned online, these algorithms can provably accelerate the best known convergence rate up to an order. Our algorithms can be viewed as a generalization of stochastic MIRROR-PROX by Juditsky et al. (2011), and admit a simple constructive FTL-style analysis of performance. The algorithms are also empirically validated in simulation.
Probability Plotting Methods and Order Statistics

SUMMARY Graphical methods of assessing the validity of a probability model, and of estimating location and scale parameters, have been widely applied over many years. A variety of different prescriptions have been advanced for the "plotting positions": that is, for the set of values at which the ordered observations in a sample should be plotted. The more formal proposals vary with the form of the probability model and reflect the function of the enquiry: whether it is predominantly one of model validation or parameter estimation. A closer tie-up of the estimation problem with known properties of order statistics estimators produces an economic recovery of earlier results on probability plotting estimators, some new results in this area, and some general observations on biased order statistics estimators with minimum mean square error.
Some results on uniqueness of meromorphic functions sharing a polynomial

Abstract In this paper, with the aid of weighted value sharing we study the uniqueness problems of meromorphic functions when certain nonlinear differential polynomials generated by them share a nonconstant polynomial with weight two. The result of the paper not only improves the results due to the present first author [Bull. Math. Anal. Appl. , 2(2010), 106-118] and of Zhang and Xu [Comput. Math. Appl. , 61(2011), 722-730], at the same time finds a possible answer of an open question posed by Zhang and Xu.
Thermoelastic strain and stress fields due to a spherical inclusion in an elastic half-space

In this paper, closed form analytical expressions for thermoelastic strain and stress compo- nents due to a spherical inclusion in an elastic half-space are obtained. These expressions are derived in the context of steady-state uncoupled thermoelasticity using thermoelastic displacement potential functions. The thermal strain and stress fields are generated due to differences in the coefficients of linear thermal expansion between a subregion and the surrounding material. The strain and stress components for exterior points of the spheri- cal inclusion are same as those of the center of dilatation. Variations of strain and stress components for exterior and interior points of the spherical inclusion are shown graphically.
Measurements and analyses of 28 GHz indoor channel propagation based on a synchronized channel sounder using directional antennas

Abstract This paper presents measurements and analyses of channel propagation to investigate the channel characteristics of the millimeter wave for the indoor mobile communication system. The candidate for the promising carrier frequency is 28 GHz. We conducted the measurements considering conditions for the line of sight and the obstructed line of sight. The measurement points are located in a typical office room that is one of the main scenarios for the channel model. For channel propagation analysis, a novel channel sounder with a time synchronization scheme is introduced to combine channel measurements from different directions using an automatic scanning measurement system. With this system, omni-like power delay profiles of 28 GHz communication was successfully obtained. Furthermore, we analyze the spatial-temporal channel characteristics of an indoor environment such as path loss, delay and angular distributions, delay and angular spreads, and cross-correlation between the large-scale channel parameters.
The connectivity threshold for the min‐degree random graph process

Let 𝒢n = {Gmin(n, M)}M≥0 denote a min‐degree random multigraph process in which Gmin(n, M + 1) is obtained from Gmin(n, M) by connecting a randomly chosen vertex of a minimum degree with another vertex of the multigraph. We study the probability that the random multigraph Gmin(n, M) is connected. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2006
Reliability study on positive bias temperature instability in SiC MOSFETs by fast drain current measurement

The gate threshold voltage (Vth) shift under positive gate bias stress is one of the most important reliability concerns in silicon carbide metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (SiC MOSFETs). Because dynamic recovery is observed as soon as the gate bias stress is removed, it is remarkably difficult to accurately evaluate Vth shifts. Many studies have focused on how to evaluate Vth shifts of SiC MOSFETs under positive gate bias stress. In this study, this issue is investigated by introducing a fast measurement technique. We show that the measured Vth shift is modified to take the Vth recovery term into consideration. Furthermore, we show that the Vth shift is a saturation phenomenon and that the maximum Vth shift can be predicted using an electron capture and emission model.