Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of I-Gel insertion conditions with two different induction methods in children: a prospective observational study

Aim: Insufficient depth of anesthesia is one of the important causes of laryngospasm in pediatric patients undergoing surgery. Propofol is a widely used anesthetic agent for induction of anesthesia in children. Its use alone in induction may be insufficient to suppress laryngeal reflexes during laryngeal mask insertion and may lead to complications such as cough, hiccups, and laryngospasm. In this study, the effects of fentanyl-ketamine mixture and remifentanil used as co-induction in anesthesia induction in children on I-gel insertion conditions and hemodynamic stability were compared. In addition, the evaluation of propofol injection pain after the use of coinduction agent was made. Material and Method: The study included 60 patients aged 2-10 years, of ASA I-III class, who underwent ambulatory surgery. For anesthesia induction, the KF group (n:30) were administered intravenous (iv) 1 mcg/kg fentanyl + 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by 3 mg/kg propofol, and the R group (n:30) were administered iv 0.5 mcg/kg remifentanil followed by 3 mg propofol. The I-gel insertion conditions were evaluated by scoring the six variables of mouth opening, ease of insertion, swallowing, coughing, movement, and laryngospasm. Pain during propofol injection was graded using a four-point scale. Results: No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of I-gel insertion conditions total score values (p>0.05). The pain of the propofol injection was determined at a significantly higher level in Group R (p
Idempotents of the Norton–Sakuma algebras

The concept of Majorana representation was introduced by A. A. Ivanov (2009), as a tool to identify and study subalgebras of the Conway–Griess–Norton Monster algebra . Sakuma's theorem in “6-transposition property of -involutions of vertex operator algebras”, Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 2007 (2007), Article ID rnm030, states that there are eight possibilities for the isomorphism type of an algebra with scalar product generated by a pair of distinct Majorana axes. These algebras, now known as the Norton–Sakuma algebras, were described by S. P. Norton (1982) as 2-generated subalgebras of and labelled by types , , , , , , and . In the present paper, we contribute to the understanding of the Norton–Sakuma algebras by finding all their idempotent elements and their automorphism groups. In particular, we find that an algebra of type has infinitely many idempotents of length 2, and that an algebra of type has exactly 208 idempotents.
Decomposition Based Generating Functions for Sequences

Numerous combinatorial enumeration problems may be reduced to equivalent problems of enumerating sequences with prescribed restrictions. For example, the expression, given by Tutte [38], for the number of planar maps may be derived (see Cori and Richard [12]) by essentially a sequence enumeration technique. The correspondence between a set of configurations which are to be enumerated and an appropriate set of sequences is often complicated. Indeed, the existence of such a correspondence has occasionally only been discovered fortuitously by observing the equality of two counting series (see, for example, Klarner [25]).
Assessing the reactivity of Fe(II) sorbed on smectite surface towards U(VI) reduction

The reactivity of Fe(II) sorbed on clay edges towards U(VI) reduction is investigated at pH 6.0 using Fe-free synthetic montmorillonite (MONT), Fe-poor natural montmorillonite (Fe-MONT) and Fe-rich natural nontronite (NAu-2). Partial reduction of U(VI) by sorbed Fe(II) only occurred on MONT but neither on Fe-MONT nor NAu-2. In the former case, the formation of a hydrated uranyl silicate (soddyite)-like phase is demonstrated by U L_III-edge EXAFS spectroscopy. ^57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry reveals that in this case 10% of the total sorbed Fe(II) was oxidized before- and an additional 6% after-addition of U(VI). The lack of reactivity towards U(VI) of Fe(II) sorbed on Fe-MONT or NAu-2 is likely due to inter-valence charge transfer (IVCT) between surface Fe(II) and structural Fe(III). The present study demonstrates that the reactivity of clay sorbed Fe^2+ towards U(VI) strongly depends on the nature of clay and correspondingly on the oxidation state of sorbed Fe. Graphical abstract
Spiking suppression of high power QCW pulse 1319 nm Nd:YAG laser with different intracavity doublers

We describe the results of our efforts in suppressing spiking of a high power, high beam quality 1319 nm Nd:YAG microsecond-pulse laser with three different intracavity frequency doublers. The 1319 nm laser is generated by a quasi-continuous-wave diode-pumped Nd:YAG ring laser system. One potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), two KTPs and one lithium triborate (LBO) as frequency doublers are installed in the ring resonator and tested, respectively. At 800 Hz repetition rate, with a pulse width of 100 µs, performances of spiking suppression for each case are observed. The average output power are 23.6 W, 22.7 W and 23.4 W with beam quality factors of M2 = 2.21, 1.28 and 1.25 for one KTP, two KTPs and one LBO, respectively. The corresponding brightness are 270 MW/(cm2·sr), 780 MW/(cm2·sr) and 860 MW/(cm2·sr). With better beam quality, higher brightness, and easier maintainability, the LBO is the best option of the three. A laser rate equation model including the insertion loss of the doubler is applied for theoretical analysis of the output temporal pulse shape and power, and the simulated results agree well with the experimental data.
Multifunctional Metallothioneins as a Target for Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms based on a loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and by non-motor symptoms which precede motor symptoms. Neurodegeneration accompanied by an accumulation of α-synuclein is thought to propagate from the enteric nervous system to the central nervous system. The pathogenesis in sporadic PD remains unknown. However, many reports indicate various etiological factors, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, α-synuclein toxicity and mitochondrial impairment, drive neurodegeneration. Exposure to heavy metals contributes to these etiopathogenesis and increases the risk of developing PD. Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins; MTs chelate metals and inhibit metal-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, MTs possess antioxidative properties by scavenging free radicals and exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppression of microglial activation. Furthermore, MTs recently received attention as a potential target for attenuating metal-induced α-synuclein aggregation. In this article, we summarize MTs expression in the central and enteric nervous system, and review protective functions of MTs against etiopathogenesis in PD. We also discuss neuroprotective strategies for the prevention of central dopaminergic and enteric neurodegeneration by targeting MTs. This review highlights multifunctional MTs as a target for the development of disease-modifying drugs for PD.
High Genetic Diversity and Virulence Potential in Bacillus cereus sensu lato Isolated from Milk and Cheeses in Apulia Region, Southern Italy

The Bacillus cereus group includes species that act as food-borne pathogens causing diarrheal and emetic symptoms. They are widely distributed and can be found in various foods. In this study, out of 550 samples of milk and cheeses, 139 (25.3%) were found to be contaminated by B. cereus sensu lato (s.l.). One isolate per positive sample was characterized by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and for the presence of ten virulence genes. Based on MLST, all isolates were classified into 73 different sequence types (STs), of which 12 isolates were assigned to new STs. Virulence genes detection revealed that 90% and 61% of the isolates harboured the nheABC and the hblCDA gene cluster, respectively. Ninety-four percent of the isolates harboured the enterotoxin genes entS and entFM; 8% of the isolates possessed the ces gene. Thirty-eight different genetic profiles were identified, suggesting a high genetic diversity. Our study clearly shows the widespread diffusion of potentially toxigenic isolates of B. cereus s.l. in milk and cheeses in the Apulia region highlighting the need to adopt GMP and HACCP procedures along every step of the milk and cheese production chain in order to reduce the public health risk linked to the consumption of foods contaminated by B. cereus s.l.
Short-Term Outcomes of an ESDM Intervention in Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder following the COVID-19 Lockdown

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a temporary lockdown period in Italy, during which the delivery of in-person treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in public health services was discontinued. This occurrence represented a crucial challenge for both families and professionals. We assessed the short-term outcomes of a sample of 18 children who received an early intervention with the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), delivered at low intensity over one year in the pre-pandemic period, after six months of interruption of in-presence treatment due to lockdown restrictions. Children who received the ESDM treatment maintained their gains in sociocommunicative skills and did not exhibit any developmental regression. Additionally, there was evidence of a decrease in the restrictive and repetitive behavior (RRB) domain. The parents, who were already familiar with the principles of the ESDM, only received telehealth support from therapists that aimed to sustain the gains already achieved. We believe that it is always helpful to support parents in their daily lives by implementing interactional and play skills with their children to integrate and consolidate the results obtained in the individual interventions conducted by experienced therapists.
Assessing Training Needs: Do Work Experience and Capability Matter?

Despite the crucial nature of needs assessment in training design and development, very little empirical work examining factors that influence such ratings has been undertaken. We investigated the impact of individuals' levels of work experience, self-efficacy, and skill proficiency on their subsequent ratings of training needs. Our results indicate that self-efficacy and skill proficiency are positively related to importance and frequency ratings for both skills and job tasks. However, when considered collectively, skill proficiency was a more potent influence, suggesting that an individual's actual capability may have a greater impact on ratings of training needs than his or her perceived capability (i.e., self-efficacy). Implications for future research and training needs assessment practice are discussed.
The Sample Size Needed for the Calculation of a GLM Tariff

A simple upper bound for the variance of the frequency estimates in a multivariate tariff using class criteria is deduced. This upper bound is based exclusively on univariate statistics and can, therefore, be calculated before a GLM analysis is carried out. It can be used to estimate the number of claims that will be needed for a tariff calculation depending on the number of tariff criteria and the number of levels of each criterion. The article is a revised version of a paper presented at the XXXIst ASTIN Colloquium in Porto Cervo.
Functional Alteration in the Brain Due to Tumour Invasion in Paediatric Patients: A Systematic Review

Simple Summary Brain tumours can result in cognitive, language, motor, and visual deficits in paediatric patients by invading the functional regions of the brain and altering neuronal networks. The specific mechanisms of tumour invasion and the cognitive impact of various treatments remain uncertain. In this systematic review, we discuss the functional alteration in the brain of paediatric patients caused by the tumours in different locations. The present study proposes to understand the changes in the functional connectivity of paediatric patients after tumour invasion using resting-state and task-based fMRI. Abstract Working memory, language and speech abilities, motor skills, and visual abilities are often impaired in children with brain tumours. This is because tumours can invade the brain’s functional areas and cause alterations to the neuronal networks. However, it is unclear what the mechanism of tumour invasion is and how various treatments can cause cognitive impairment. Therefore, this study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of tumour invasion on the cognitive, language, motor, and visual abilities of paediatric patients, as well as discuss the alterations and modifications in neuronal networks and anatomy. The electronic database, PubMed, was used to find relevant studies. The studies were systematically reviewed based on the type and location of brain tumours, cognitive assessment, and pre- and post-operative deficits experienced by patients. Sixteen studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria following the guidelines from PRISMA. Most studies agree that tumour invasion in the brain causes cognitive dysfunction and alteration in patients. The effects of a tumour on cognition, language, motor, and visual abilities depend on the type of tumour and its location in the brain. The alteration to the neuronal networks is also dependent on the type and location of the tumour. However, the default mode network (DMN) is the most affected network, regardless of the tumour type and location.Furthermore, our findings suggest that different treatment types can also contribute to patients’ cognitive function to improve or deteriorate. Deficits that persisted or were acquired after surgery could result from surgical manipulation or the progression of the tumour’s growth. Meanwhile, recovery from the deficits indicated that the brain has the ability to recover and reorganise itself.
Understanding Multiple Accountability Logics Within Corporate Governance Policy Discourse: Resistance, Compromise, or Selective Coupling?

Conducting comparative country-based case studies of the US, the UK, and Australia over a twenty-four-year period and employing discursive and linguistic lenses, this paper scrutinizes the historical development of the founding principles of corporate governance. We aim to interpret and study the underlying meanings of public accountability within the policy discourses and hybridization patterns to explain the manifold ‘doomed to fail’ attempts in the integration of the essence of integrated thinking and reporting into the core of the business and corporate governance. Drawing on critical discourse analysis (CDA), the study reveals how the continued privileging of the isolated economic-based accountability agenda, coupled with the marginalization (or absence) of other logics of accountability, is distortedly normalized over time. The ﬁndings uncover traces of resistance to recognition, ineffective attempts to compromise, and selective coupling strategies at the macro level of corporate governance policy-setting as responses to the competing accountability logics. This study contributes toward disentangling the complex relationship between multiple and competing (dominant) logics of accountability, and classical liberalism (and neoliberalism). The study contributes to contemporary social dialogues regarding structural reforms in search of a corporate governance manifesto that enables an effective operationalization of the intended goals of integrated thinking and reporting.
Parabolic, Flight-Induced, Acute Hypergravity and Microgravity Effects on the Beating Rate of Human Cardiomyocytes

Functional studies of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hCMs) under different gravity conditions contribute to aerospace medical research. To study the effects of altered gravity on hCMs, we exposed them to acute hypergravity and microgravity phases in the presence and absence of the β-adrenoceptor isoprenalin (ISO), L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) agonist Bay-K8644, or LTCC blocker nifedipine, and monitored their beating rate (BR). These logistically demanding experiments were executed during the 66th Parabolic Flight Campaign of the European Space Agency. The hCM cultures were exposed to 31 alternating hypergravity, microgravity, and hypergravity phases, each lasting 20–22 s. During the parabolic flight experiment, BR and cell viability were monitored using the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer Cardio Instrument®. Corresponding experiments were performed on the ground (1 g), using an identical set-up. Our results showed that BR continuously increased during the parabolic flight, reaching a 40% maximal increase after 15 parabolas, compared with the pre-parabolic (1 g) phase. However, in the presence of the LTCC blocker nifedipine, no change in BR was observed, even after 31 parabolas. We surmise that the parabola-mediated increase in BR was induced by the LTCC blocker. Moreover, the increase in BR induced by ISO and Bay-K8644 during the pre-parabola phase was further elevated by 20% after 25 parabolas. This additional effect reflects the positive impact of the parabolas in the absence of both agonists. Our study suggests that acute alterations of gravity significantly increase the BR of hCMs via the LTCC.
ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL ABSORPTION IN THICK OPTICALLY NONLINEAR MEDIA

A theoretical analysis of nonlinear optical absorption in thick nonlinear media was given by slicing a thick media into a stack of thin media. And the result is also suitable for the strongly nonlinear regime. The comprehensive analysis for near field case was given, It is very valuable for the design of optical limiters and analysis of Z-scan experiments.
ON THE TOTAL CURVATURE OF IMMERSED MANIFOLDS, I: AN INEQUALITY OF FENCHEL-BORSUK-WILLMORE.

where dV denotes the volume element of M2. The equality holds when and only when M2 is a sphere in E3. The result (A) was proved by Fenchel [5] in 1929, and (B) by Willmore [6] in 1968. The results (A) and (B) were generalized to closed curves and surfaces in higher dimensional e-Lelidean space by Borsuk [1] and Chen [3], respectively. In this paper we give some generalizations of (A) and (B). We consider a closed manifold Mn of dimension n and an immersion x: Mn > En+N of Mn into euclidean space of dimension n + N. Let B, (x) be the bundle of unit normal vectors of x (Mn) so that a point of B, (x) is a pair (p,e) where e is a unit normal vector at x(p). Then B,(x) is a bundle of (N -1)-dimensional spheres over Mn and is a (smooth) manifold of dimension n + N1. Let dV be the volume element of Mn. There is a differential form doof degree N 1 on B, (x) such that its restriction to a fibre is the volume element
Cocrystals by Design: A Rational Coformer Selection Approach for Tackling the API Problems

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) with unfavorable physicochemical properties and stability present a significant challenge during their processing into final dosage forms. Cocrystallization of such APIs with suitable coformers is an efficient approach to mitigate the solubility and stability concerns. A considerable number of cocrystal-based products are currently being marketed and show an upward trend. However, to improve the API properties by cocrystallization, coformer selection plays a paramount role. Selection of suitable coformers not only improves the drug’s physicochemical properties but also improves the therapeutic effectiveness and reduces side effects. Numerous coformers have been used till date to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable cocrystals. The carboxylic acid-based coformers, such as fumaric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, and citric acid, are the most commonly used coformers in the currently marketed cocrystal-based products. Carboxylic acid-based coformers are capable of forming the hydrogen bond and contain smaller carbon chain with the APIs. This review summarizes the role of coformers in improving the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of APIs, and deeply explains the utility of afore-mentioned coformers in API cocrystal formation. The review concludes with a brief discussion on the patentability and regulatory issues related to pharmaceutical cocrystals.
Posthumous autonomy: Agency and consent in body donation

Six people were interviewed about the possibility of becoming posthumous body donors. Interview transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Individual-level analysis suggested a common interest in Personhood Concerns and a common commitment to Enlightenment Values . Investigations of these possible themes across participants resulted in identification of two sample-level themes, each with two subthemes: Autonomy , with subthemes of agency and consent , and Rationality , with subthemes of knowledge/epistemology and materialism/ ontology . This paper concentrates on the former. Consent for posthumous body donation was felt to sometimes fall short of adequately identifying donors’ preferences about what happened after consent was given, even with respect to actions for which consent established permission. In turn, paucity of information about donors’ preferences limited others’ ability to act as proxy agents to facilitate donors’ posthumous autonomy. Thus, while consent may curtail vio-lations of people’s autonomy by authorizing actions for which permission has been established, it may fall short of facilitating their autonomy in ways that might be possible with greater knowledge of those people’s desires. Alternative methods of establishing consent are explored that might better-determine people’s desires and thereby improve others’ ability to act as proxy agents for them to facilitate their subsequent (even posthumous) autonomy.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Profile of Shennongjia Apis cerana Honey through a Comparison with Apis mellifera Honey in China

This study evaluates the phenolic profile as well as the antioxidant properties of Shennongjia Apis cerana honey through a comparison with Apis mellifera honey in China. The total phenolic content (TPC) ranges from 263 ± 2 to 681 ± 36 mg gallic acid/kg. The total flavonoids content (TFC) ranges from 35.9 ± 0.4 to 102.2 ± 0.8 mg epicatechin/kg. The correlations between TPC or TFC and the antioxidant results (FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the phenolic compounds are quantified and qualified by high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS), and a total of 83 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in this study. A metabolomics analysis based on the 83 polyphenols was carried out and subjected to principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The results showed that it was possible to distinguish Apis cerana honey from Apis mellifera honey based on the phenolic profile.