Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributional characteristics in fractionation of phosphorus in a coral reef sedimentary environment

Abstract This paper focuses on the distribution of an important micronutrient element, phosphorus in the various coral reef sedimentary environments of the Lakshadweep Archipelago, in the Indian Ocean. One of the salient features observed is the high concentration of organic and residual phosphorous compared to inorganic phosphorous. This is particularly evident at stations characterised by higher total phosphorous concentrations. The concentrations of total phosphorous decrease with depth because of the upward migration of phosphate produced by mineralization of organic phosphorous and also as a result of the reduction of iron oxides to which phosphate is adsorbed. Among the inorganic forms, the major contribution towards total phosphorous pool was from calcium bound phosphorous. Sedimentary pH was not found to be a decisive factor in the distributional features of phosphorous forms in the surficial stations as well as in the core profile. In this study, organic carbon displayed co-variability with silty clay or fine sandy texture of the sediment. In most of the stations, organic carbon showed poor co-variance with organic and residual phosphorous form. This shows that major contribution towards organic and residual phosphorous form is from the residual fraction comprising biologically resistant or non-available phosphorous form composed of refractory materials.
Status of trace elements in agricultural soils of Bangladesh and relationship with soil properties

Abstract An investigation was undertaken to examine the levels of various trace elements in agricultural soils of Bangladesh and to analyze their relationship with some soil properties. Trace elements under study included Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Pb. Forty samples of top soils were collected from farmers' fields in two major agroecological regions (AEZs) of the country. The two AEZs represented separately non-calcareous (pH around 6.5, free CaCO3 absent) and calcareous (pH around 7.6, free CaCO3 present) soils. Soil samples were digested with HF-HNO3 followed by the determination of the levels of the elements by ICP-MS. Levels of trace elements varied considerably between the locations and soil types. The clay content of the non-calcareous and the organic matter plus clay content of the calcareous soils were mainly responsible for such a variation. The total contents of all the trace elements except for As in calcareous soils were much lower than the maximum acceptable limit for agricultural soils. Generally, the concentration of each trace element in calcareous soils was considerably higher than that in non-calcareous soils. The total amount of trace elements in both non-calcareous and calcareous soils followed the order: Mn ≫ Zn > Pb, Cu >As ≫ Mo, Sb > Cd.
THE EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY THROUGH PROMOTION FOCUS AND CREATIVE PROCESS ENGAGEMENT AS MEDIATING VARIABLES

Human resources are essential, therefore, the company should have a leader who is able to provide trust, direction, and motivation (transformational leadership). Thus, the employees are more focused on achieving achievement (promotion focus). To achieve performance, employees must be able to identify problems, find information, and generate ideas to solve problems with different ideas (creative process engagement). It makes employees are able to apply ideas on themselves (employee creativity). This study aims to analyze the effect of transformational leadership on employee creativity through promotion focus and creative process engagement as the mediating variables. This study used a quantitative approach. The technique of data collection was done by distributing questionnaires. The population of this study was 140 employees. The sample was obtained by the census method. The data testing technique used was PLS 2.0. The result of this study indicates that transformational leadership has a positive effect on employee creativity through promotion focus and creative process engagement as mediating variables with a significance level of 0.645 in the strong category (substantial). Transformational Leadership has a good impact on providing motivation, trust, and challenges to employees so that they are able to increase creativity and ultimately achieve the targets set by the company.
Aragonite-Calcite Nucleation Kinetics: An Application and Extension of Avrami Transformation Theory

Information on nucleation rates and processes in the solid-state transformation of aragonite to calcite is derived by fitting Avrami models of nucleation and growth to existing data on the overall rate of reaction, using recent measurements of calcite growth rates. Aragonite samples of diverse origins and morphologies exhibit extremely rapid nucleation at the onset of the transformation, with negligible subsequent nucleation. Preferential nucleation on surfaces of transforming domains produces systematic discrepancies between observed reaction rates and the kinetics calculated from standard Avrami theory; these discrepancies may be resolved in large part by reformulating the kinetic equations to encompass both surficial and internal nucleation in domains of idealized shape and finite size. When fitted to a model of this sort, the data require that surficial nucleation greatly dominates internal nucleation, in agreement with petrographic observations and theoretical expectations. These models demonstrate that transformation functions may display a first-or second-order time dependence, even though all grains are growing isotropically in three dimensions. Consequently, growth mechanisms or product morphologies may not be inferred solely from the order of time dependence of transformation.
The (questionable) role of neighbourhood density in verbal short-term memory

Neighbourhood density refers to the number of words that can be derived from a given word by changing a single phoneme (phonological neighbours) or letter (orthographic neighbours). Performance in verbal short-term memory (vSTM) tasks (e.g., serial recall/reconstruction) is usually best when to-be-remembered words are from dense rather than sparse neighbourhoods. This is typically used as evidence of short-term storage being supported by networks of long-term lexico-phonological knowledge. The primary aim of the thesis is to assess our current understanding of neighbourhood density and to consider what it really reveals about the nature of vSTM. This was achieved by adopting several approaches. Chapter 2 first identified and then investigated three key variables – modality, task type and word pool size – to assess the parameters required for a dense neighbourhood advantage in vSTM tasks to manifest. However, across 4 experiments, it was revealed that neighbourhood density does not have robust and general effects upon vSTM with an advantage for sparse neighbourhood words elicited in Experiments 3 and 4. The findings raise questions over several models of vSTM. Chapter 3 more closely examined the parameters used by some previous experiments that have investigated neighbourhood density and found that the distribution of onset letters within each word pool is often not controlled. Simulations were used to demonstrate that this oversight can produce analogous effects in serial reconstruction tasks if participants were to use part of the word (e.g., the onset letter) to inform the order of the originally presented sequence. If, in some instances, the distribution of onset letters within word pools was determining vSTM task accuracy then the usefulness of using those results to make specific claims about how neighbourhood density impacts vSTM is brought into question. Chapter 4 considered that neighbourhood density variations might exist because of effort minimisation during the development and evolution of language. It was found that words from denser neighbourhoods tend to consist of more effortful articulations and take longer to vocalise than words from sparser neighbourhoods. This raises the possibility that neighbourhood density distributions impact vSTM because dense neighbourhood words are generally easier to articulate, rather than dense neighbourhood words being better supported by networks of long-term lexico-phonological knowledge. Finally, Chapter 5 attempted to demonstrate that effects analogous to those found when neighbourhood density is manipulated can also be found when only articulatory difficulty is manipulated. However, articulatory difficulty failed to predict the outcome of three experiments. The results of the thesis are considered in relation to several models of vSTM and the concept of neighbourhood density and what role, if any, it plays in vSTM is critically discussed.
The effects of high dose rates of ionizing radiations on solutions of iron and cerium salts

The electron beam generated by a 15 MeV linear accelerator has been employed to induce reactions in aerated aqueous solutions of 1 to 25 mM ferrous sulphate, and of 0⋅1 to 1 mM ceric sulphate. The radiation was delivered in pulses of 1⋅3μs duration and over a range of dose rates from 0⋅5 to 20000 rads/pulse. Radiation yields at constant dose rate were compared with the aid of a chemical dose monitor. A system of two thin, widely spaced, irradiation vessels was employed to determine the variation of yield of any one system over successive known ranges of dose rate. The yield of ferric sulphate in the iron system was found to decrease with increasing dose rate in the range 0⋅01 to 10 krads/pulse by an overall factor of 0⋅85, and was appreciably dependent on the initial concentrations of dissolved oxygen and of ferrous sulphate at high dose rates. Yields of hydrogen and of hydrogen peroxide were practically independent of dose rate. The observations have been interpreted on the basis of inter-radical reactions which occur when the reaction zones of neighbouring clusters overlap. The following reactions can account for all the data: OH + Fe2+ → Fe3+ + OH¯, (1) H + O2 → HO2, (2) H + OH → H2O. (7) The values k1/k7 = 0⋅0062, and k2/k7 = 0⋅22 are reasonably consistent with the observations. In the ceric sulphate system the yield of cerous sulphate increases progressively over the range 0⋅01 to 10 krads/pulse by an overall factor of 1⋅4. The data accord with the view that at high dose rates OH radicals react with them selves ultimately to form hydrogen peroxide, in competition with their normal reaction with cerous sulphate.
Dissolution of Low Iron Sphalerite in Ferric Sulphate-Sulphuric Acid Media

Abstract The dissolution of low iron sphalerite, nominally ZnS but also containing 0.08 Fe and trace amounts of Cd and Mn, in ferric sulphate-sulphuric acid media was investigated using closely sized fractions of crushed sphalerite crystals and sintered disks made from the crushed crystals. Linear kinetics are observed and the predominant reaction products are ZnSO4, FeSO4 and elemental sulphur. The leaching rate increases systematically with increasing temperature and the calculated apparent activation energy is 56 kJ/mol for the sized sphalerite and 54 kJ/mol for the sintered disks. The relatively high apparent activation energy suggests that the rate is chemically controlled, a conclusion supported by the insensitivity of the rate to the disk rotation speed. The rate increases as the 0.22 power of the Fe(SO4)1.5 concentration and as the 0.22 power of the H2SO4 concentration. However, in the absence of ferric ions, the rate increases more significantly with increasing H2SO4 concentrations and relatively rapid rates are observed in solutions containing >0.5 M H2SO4. In 0.1 M Fe(SO4)1.5-0.3 M H2SO4 media, the measured rate decreases with increasing sulphate concentrations, added as Li2SO4. The rate of dissolution of low iron sphalerite is promoted by dissolved copper concentrations as high as 800 mg/L. In contrast, dissolved silver, even in the 0-2 mg/L concentration range, significantly retards the dissolution of the low iron sphalerite.
CCIDE_A_282300 551..562

1Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 3Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK Purpose: The aim of this paper is to evaluate studies on the quality of fit of alloy removable-partial-dentures (RPDs) produced by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and rapid prototyping (RP) technology. This paper offers a comprehensive scoping review of various methods of assessing the quality of fit of RPDs in the context of a developing digital approach to manufacturing and assessment. Methodology/Approach: A search was made using MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct to identify the studies of the accuracy of fit of RPDs. Findings: Optical and physical examination of dentures “in situ” on the model or in the patient’s oral cavity were the most commonly used methods for the assessment of fit of RPDs. Eighteen of the included studies assessed the internal fit between RPDs and oral tissues or models using either polyvinyl silicone materials as filler, calipers, photographs, and microscopes or a combination of these. Two studies used visual assessment. Most studies reported that the fit of RPDs ranged from satisfactory to excellent. However, many of these assessments seemed somewhat subjective and flawed with regard to assessing indentations of the framework into a model or distortion. Two papers used a new method of computer-based superimposition which included a color map of discrepancies to assess the fit of the machineproduced RPDs offering possibilities to quantify the assessment of fit, perhaps leading to a more objective assessment. Despite the limited number of clinical trials, the available evidence was thought to reinforce the claim that the fit of RPDs fabricated digitally was acceptable. Conclusion: The recent introduction of color maps to compare the differences between the fitting surface and the model is promising. However, a new method for displaying discrepancies shown by color maps is introduced, which could lead to a more quantitative assessment.
Effects of Nitrogen Source on Growth and Development of Strawberry Plants

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrate (NO3 −) and ammonium (NH4 +) ratios in nutrient solutions on the growth and production of fruits, runners, and daughter plants of strawberry Fragaria x ananassa Duch. , grown in a hydroponic system. Five treatments were applied, consisting of different proportions of NH4 + and NO3 − in the nutrient solution. The NH4 +:NO3 − ratios were: T0 = 0:4, T1 = 1:3, T2 = 2:2, T3 = 3:1, and T4 = 4:0, at a constant nitrogen (N) concentration of 4 mol m−3. Growth and morphogenesis were characterized by monitoring leaf-area increase, number of flowers and fruits per plant, and number of daughter plants of first and second generations. Nitrogen and carbon (C) content were measured at the end of the experiment in the organs of both mother and daughter plants. None of the variables related to the growth of the mother plant was affected by the treatments. However, the number of fruits increased with the proportion of NH4 + in the nutrient solution. The number of daughter plants produced was affected only at high NH4 + proportions, and their size (dry matter per daughter plant) and fertility (number of second-generation plants per first-generation plants) were reduced. The N or C content of the plants was not significantly affected by the treatments, but the C/N ratio in the crowns of mother plants was higher in treatments with 25% and 50% NH4 + in the nutrient solution.
Influence of nitrogen/phosphorus ratios on the productivity of Nile river phytoplankton

Mixtures of different concentrations of both nitrogen and phosphorus were used at various N/P ratios to investigate the maximum growth of Nile River Phytoplankton using bioassay studies. A ratio 4:1 N/P gave a high algal mass production and high content of chl(a) of phytoplankton. A high diversity value 1.48 was obtained during the experimental run. Bacillanophyta was the dominant group followed by chlorophyta and cyanophyta in all treatments. The growth rate reached its maximum value (1.69) after 16 days of incubation. Positive correlation was established between phytoplankton and orthophosphate, nitrate, organic nitrogen and dissolved oxygen of the Nile River water.
Chemical composition and microbial evaluation of Argentinean Corrientes cheese

The chemical and microbial composition of an artisanal cheese made from raw cow's milk produced and consumed in the province of Corrientes (north-eastern Argentina) was evaluated using standard methods. Corrientes cheese has high moisture content (50–60%), normal protein and fat contents (21–27 and 22–26% respectively), and is low in salt (0.5–2.0% w/w). Microbial counts also varied significantly between samples (colony-forming units per gram ranges covering logs of 5–11), probably due to environmental contamination in the raw material. These results will help produce higher quality Corrientes cheeses with well-defined characteristics.
Pore‐size effects on activated‐carbon capacities for volatile organic compound adsorption

Gas-phase adsorption of acetone and n-hexane by activated carbons with different pore structures was investigated. The carbons were prepared from a bituminous coal with KOH activation. Increasing the activation temperature increased both the porosity and pore size. The equilibrium adsorption capacity for the organic compounds increased with the carbon porosity, but not proportionally. The percentage of pore volume utilized showed a decreasing trend with the porosity development for acetone adsorption, while an increasing trend was observed for n-hexane. By incorporating pore size distribution with the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation using an inverse proportionality between the micropore size and adsorption energy, the isotherms for adsorption onto different carbons can be well predicted. Simulations indicated that the adsorption energy, which is an inverse function of the micropore size, determines the adsorption capacity. Different effects of porosity development were observed for different adsorbates.
Identity Multiplicity in an Ethnic and Religious Minority in Latvia: Old Believer Youth

The paper explores the relationship between the religious identity and the ethnic and national identities of Old Believer youth in Latvia. This case is of particular interest in providing an in-depth insight into the intersection of ethnicity, nationality and religion, as the Old Believers are an ethnic and religious minority living in Latvia. Applying the concepts of multiple identities, this article explores the role of religion played in the integration of identity among young people belonging to the Old Believer religious community: their self-understanding as a composition of intersecting identities that influence each other; the manifestations of the intersection of various identities; the relationship of identity integration to religion. The analysis is based on the findings of ethnographic research conducted in the Old Believer youth group in Daugavpils (Latvia) within a framework of the international project “Cultural Heritage and Identities of Europe’s Future”, funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No. 770464. The author has highlighted that today’s rapid changes are leading to identity crisis: an individual faces difficulty in shaping and maintaining a stable identity, since economic life is becoming increasingly unpredictable and communities are becoming fragmented. The identity of Latvian Old Believer youth forms and develops in a local cultural context, and is affected by the social change. The qualitative data collected during the fieldwork provided a useful resource for an analysis of belonging, the crucial factor in the formation of identity for Old Believer youth. As the voices of young people in this study reveal, three types of belonging characterize Old Believer youth: their ethnicity, which interacts with national belonging in a complex way; the local belonging, which is stronger than the global one; the European belonging, which conflicts with national belonging and ethnicity.
Intercropping red clover with silage corn for soil erosion control

A red clover intercrop was evaluated in terms of its ability to provide soil erosion protection and its effects on silage corn yields on a Conestoga loam soil at the Elora Research Station, Elora, Ontario. The soil and runoff losses from experimental plots of silage corn (corn system) and silage corn intercropped with red clover (corn/clover system) were compared using the Guelph Rainfall Simulator II. Measurements were made in November 1987 and October 1988, and in April, May, June of 1988 and 1989. Rainfall was applied for 10 min (15 min in June of 1988) on a 1-m2 quadrat at an intensity of 16 cm h−1. Soil loss was significantly (P < 0.05) lower from the corn/clover cropping system than the corn system for all months except June 1989. Runoff reduction with the corn/clover system ranged from 45 to 87%, with largest reductions occurring in June. Reduction of soil loss from the corn/clover system as compared to the corn system ranged from 46 to 78%. Silage corn yield data from 1984 to 1989 illustrated that.
A conjectured interpretation of the OH stretching spectrum of low density amorphous solid water

The model developed in the preceding paper for the vibrational spectrum of ice Ih in the OH stretching region is extended to the description of the spectrum of amorphous solid water. The effects of structural disorder on the spectrum are explicitly considered using a random network model for the structure of the amorphous solid. The differences between the vibrational spectrum of ice Ih and that of the amorphous solid are found to arise from the larger variation in oxygen–oxygen bond distances in the amorphous solid. The departure of the random network from the regular crystalline connectivity of the ice Ih lattice appears to have little effect on the spectrum.
Nanowire manipulation on surfaces through electrostatic self‐assembly and magnetic interactions

A method for fabricating aligned nanowire arrays on surfaces is shown. Gold and segmented Au/Ni/Au nanowires of high aspect ratio have been prepared by template electrosynthesis, and functionalized with charged short alkanethiols that can be ionized in aqueous solutions. Different distributions of funtionalized nanowires could be obtained on large surfaces from nanowire aqueous suspensions, avoiding aggregation due to electrical repulsion. Due to the high magnetic anisotropy of segmented Au/Ni/Au nanowires chaining of aligned nanowires could be obtained by applying a low magnetic field. While electrostatics favours side wire interactions due to the high aspect ratio, concurrent electrostatics and applied magnetic field yields end‐to‐end interaction and linear alignment without bifunctionalization. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY PYRAMID: Transforming Knowledge Value in Increasing Productivity and Competitiveness

The global economy’s landscape needs a new economic model where knowledge is used as a valuable resource to stimulate innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship in order to increase productivity and competitiveness for sustainable growth as a premise for social welfare. The policymakers have to design the new public policy for productivity and competitiveness considering the Knowledge Economy frontier and to establish the institutional capacity to manage the knowledge perspective of development. The Knowledge Economy Pyramid model is a catalyst of knowledge ecosystems from education, research, technology, business, innovation, government and local communities, capable to create a collaborative environment with synergy effect: transforming knowledge value in increasing productivity and competitiveness.