Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of corticotrophin and certain corticosteroids on populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tissues of mice.

THE modification of host-parasite relationships by corticotrophin and corticosteroids has been studied extensively in many mammalian species including man with the general conclusion that there is an enhancement of the infective process to the detriment of the host. Most aspects of this field are not clearly understood, however, and although most observations have indicated that the effects of the hormones are deleterious, this may not necessarily always be the case. For example, Lurie, Zappasodi, Dannenberg and Swartz (1951) have demonstrated that experimentally infected rabbits of a highly susceptible strain when treated with cortisone react with certain of the tissue responses characteristic of natively resistant rabbits. At the same time, very large numbers of acid-fast bacilli were observed in the pulmonary lesions of the animals receiving the hormone. In terms of the total well-being of the host these two phenomena represent forces which are acting in opposite directions and the net effect would depend on which predominated. It has also been noted that there is much species variation in action of the hormones both in tuberculosis and in other fields of study. The effects of the different hormones are not uniform. For example, though there is general agreement that increased microbial growth in vivo occurs during administration of cortisone, hydrocortisone and their derivatives, there is no unanimity concerning the effect of corticotrophin. In many animals such as the rat and the mouse, the latter produces definite pharmacological effects (Speirs and Meyer, 1949), but causes little or no enhancement of infection, as was shown for mice by Kass, Ingbar, Lungdren and Finland (1951) and for hamsters by Shwartzman (1950). Knowledge of the action of the hormones in experimental tuberculosis has been obtained mainly from the study of their effect on the survival of infected animals and from the changes in tissue architecture. Much valuable information has been gained with these methods but they have two important disadvantages. The survival time of hormone-treated animals may be diminished by non-tuberculous infections; and measurement of change in size of the population of tubercle bacilli by microscopy has been made only by approximate estimates and is necessarily inexact. It seemed desirable, therefore, to study this question by the use of more precise techniques for observing the dynamics of the host-parasite relationship. Tubercle bacilli in mouse tissues can be counted with a high degree
Quantification of sand production induced improvement in productivity index

Centrifuge physical model tests were performed to study the mode of failure during sand production and its concomitant impact on the productivity index. The tests simulated seepage-induced failure around a multiperforated vertical well. Results indicate that in the presence of a competent cap rock (1) sand production results in the formation of a truncated cone-shaped enlarged cavity; (2) surface subsidence of the reservoir due to loss of sand mass may result in the opening of flow channels under the cap rock; (3) for a given applied head difference, sand production ceases once the enlarged cavity reduces the pressure gradient to subcritical levels; (4) the flow becomes diverted towards the upper perforations where the cavity radius is largest; and (5) the flow rate increase varies between 5 and 10 times depending on whether the mode and volume of sanding is sufficient to result in the formation of flow channels. The study performed shows that (1) the location of perforations affects the mode and magnitud.
Modelling present and future African climate using CMIP5 scenarios in HadGEM2‐ES

The present precipitation and temperature patterns and expected future changes (2073–2098) in Africa are investigated using the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model 2‐Earth System (HadGEM2‐ES) under the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) protocols for historical and future emission scenarios simulations. In a CMIP5 multimodel analysis, the annual cycles of temperature and precipitation simulated by HadGEM2‐ES were very close to the multimodel ensemble mean. HadGEM2‐ES temperature simulation compares well with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis over the 1979–2004 periods, except for a summer overestimation in Central Africa, and a winter underestimation in tropical West Africa. The precipitation simulation compared well with the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data from 1979 to 2004 over the entire Africa, except in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), where the model fails to capture adequately the transition phase of the monsoon circulation. The dry regimes over Northern Africa as well as the wetter regime occurring over Central Africa, which is mainly regulated by the ITCZ displacement, and during the austral summer of Southern Africa, are also fairly reproduced by the HadGEM2‐ES model. The model projects for the end of the 21st century a rainy South Africa, a change of the flood/drought cycle in the Tropics and a warming over the whole continent, varying from 3 to 7 °C. HadGEM2‐ES performance for Nigeria shows good reproduction of precipitation seasonal cycles for some locations, outside the ITCZ. However, the comparison with in situ measurement in Ilorin and Lagos shows the model is not being able to reproduce the precipitation annual cycle. Future projections for Nigeria exhibit warming everywhere and an enhancement of precipitation, especially in the northern part of the country.
on the CERN CDS information server CMS PAS BPH-10-002 CMS Physics Analysis Summary

We present a measurement of the inclusive total and differential production cross sections of J/ψ mesons and b-hadrons in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV with the CMS experiment. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 100 nb−1 and were collected during the first months of LHC operation. The differential production cross section of J/ψ from inclusive processes has been measured as a function of the J/ψ transverse momentum, up to 30 GeV/c, for two rapidity ranges: |y| < 1.4 and 1.4 < |y| < 2.4. The total cross section for inclusive J/ψ production, times the dimuon decay branching fraction, has been determined to be 289.1 ± 16.7(stat) ± 60.1(syst) nb for transverse momenta between 4 and 30 GeV/c and in the rapidity range |y| <2.4. The b-hadron component has been determined from a fit to the decay length distribution of displaced J/ψ decays, and a pT differential cross section for b-hadron decays has been derived. The total cross section times BR(J/ψ → μ+μ−) for the J/ψ production coming from B-hadrons, decaying to J/ψ mesons with transverse momenta between 4 and 30 GeV/c and in the rapidity range |y| <2.4, is measured to be 56.1± 5.5(stat)± 7.2(syst) nb. The paper ends with some comparisons between the measurements and model calculations.
Perturbations of the Earth's rotation and their implications for the present‐day mass balance of both polar ice caps

SUMMARY The present-day perturbations of the Earth’s rotation are sensitive to the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) arising from the Late Pleistocene glacial cycles and also to the recent mass balance of polar ice caps. In this study, we evaluate the polar wander and the change of degreetwo harmonic of the Earth’s geopotential ( ˙ J 2), proportional to the rotation rate, for four Late Pleistocene ice models. We examine these perturbations as a function of lower- and uppermantle viscosities and lithospheric thickness and rheology (elastic or viscoelastic), in which a compressible Earth model with elasticity and density given by the seismological model PREM is used. By considering the observations and predictions including the GIA process arising from the Late Pleistocene ice and recent mass balance of polar ice caps, we discuss the recent mass balance of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. We also examine the effects of internal processes and the melting of mountain glaciers, although this work is only preliminary. The results shown below seem to be supported even if these effects are included. Two solutions are obtained for source areas of the recent Antarctic melting. We denote an equivalent sea level (ESL) rise (mm yr −1 ) from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets as ˙ ζ GL and ˙
Optical Imaging Studies of Orientation and Direction Preference In

visual cortex have typically used vector averaging to obtain angle and magnitude maps. This method has shown half-rotation orientation singularities (pinwheels) located within regions of low orientation vector magnitude. Direction preference is generally orthogonal to orientation preference, but often deviates from this, particularly in regions of low direction vector magnitude. Linear regions of rapid change in direction preference terminate in or near orientation singularities. The vector-averaging method is problematic however because it does not clearly disambiguate spatial variation in orientation tuning width from variation in height. It may also wrongly estimate preferred direction in regions where preference is weak. In this paper we analyze optical maps of cat visual cortex by fitting model tuning functions to the responses. This new method reveals features not previously evident. Orientation tuning height and width vary independently across the map: tuning height is always low near singularities, however regions of broad and narrow orientation tuning width can be found in regions of low tuning height, often alternating in a spoke-like fashion around singularities. Orientation and direction preference angles are always closely orthogonal. Reversals in direction preference form lines that originate precisely in orientation singularities.
Variability of the directly observed, middepth subpolar North Atlantic circulation

Satellite views of the ocean have suggested a decline of the subpolar North Atlantic surface circulation during the 1990s and 2000s. This was a period of unprecedented observational capacity in the basin, thanks to the presence of many hundreds of profiling floats. We use more than 40,000 subsurface displacements of these floats to characterize the circulation at 1000 m depth, and its evolution from 1997–2013. We show a statistically significant slowdown in the Labrador Sea boundary currents of −0.8 cm s−1 per decade (95% confidence interval of −1.4 to −0.15 cm s—1 per decade, a conservative estimate of the uncertainty). Otherwise, the middepth circulation field was largely stable. Our analysis of the location where the North Atlantic Current crosses the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge shows that profiling floats can reveal steering by bathymetric features, but do not reveal of decadal variability in the position where the current crosses the ridge.
The terminology issue for myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

To the Editor: The recent study by Yang et al. ( [1][1]) described antigen-specific immunosuppression by Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells, which was mediated by the expression of CD80. This report continued a series of recent articles published in Cancer Research , which provided strong evidence in
Stock Price Crashes: Role of Slow-Moving Capital

We study the role mutual funds play in the recovery from fast intraday crashes based on data from the National Stock Exchange of India for a single large stock. During normal times, trading activity and liquidity provision by mutual funds is negligible compared to other traders at around 4% of overall activity. Nevertheless, for the two intraday marketwide crashes in our sample, price recovery took place only after mutual funds moved in. Market stability may require the presence of well-capitalized standby liquidity providers for recovery from fast crashes.
Aerosol and black carbon properties during different seasons in eastern part of India

Continuous and near-real-time measurements of the mass concentration of Aerosol Black Carbon (BC) were carried out July-2010 March-2011 using an Aethalometer (model AE-31 of Magee Scientific, USA). The principle of the Aethalometer is to measure the attenuation of a beam of light transmitted through a filter, while the filter is continuously collecting an aerosol sample. This measurement is made at successive regular intervals of a time base period. The BC mass concentration is estimated by measuring the change in the transmittance of a quartz filter tape, on to which the particles impinge. The instrument was operated at a time base of 5 min, round the clock with a flow rate of 4-liter min , to study the impact of rainy season on black 1 carbon concentrations over a typical urban environment namely Ranchi, India.BC concentrations were high during morning (0600 to 0900 h) and evening hours (1900 to 2300 h) compared to afternoon hours. During early morning hours, high values of BC are attributed to the turbulence set-in by the solar heating which breaks the night-time stable layer and aerosols in the nocturnal residual layer are mixed up with those near the surface. In a very clean air location it may be as low as 500 ng/m and in a much polluted location it may be as high as 3
BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE KELP GULL (LARUS DOMINICANUS) AT SANTA CATARINA COAST, BRAZIL

The Kelp gull, Larus dominicanus, is widely distributed in the Southern Hemisphere, and its population has expanded in both Hemispheres. Breeding colonies in Brazil are found from the coast of Rio de Janeiro southwards to Santa Catarina. This paper provides information on the breeding biology of L. dominicanus on coastal islands of Santa Catarina. Population monitoring, nest and egg counts, and measurements were made from July 1996 to December 2006. From March to June of each year, we measured adult gull movement to islands, territorial establishment, and nest construction. Egg laying started in mid July, and nestlings were first seen in August. The average length, weight, and volume of the eggs were smaller than in Moleques do Sul Island while the width, weight, and volume of eggs were higher than on Tamboretes Island. Accepted 8 July 2009.
Structural constraints on the timing of left-lateral shear along the Red River shear zone in the Ailao Shan and Diancang Shan Ranges, Yunnan, SW China

The >1000-km-long Oligocene—Miocene left-lateral Red River shear zone (RRSZ) and metamorphic belt and the Pliocene—active right-lateral Red River fault (RRF), stretching from SE Tibet to the South China Sea, has been cited as one of the primary examples of a lithospheric scale strike-slip fault that has resulted in syn-kinematic metamorphism and partial melting and accommodated several hundred to a thousand kilometers of horizontal motion as a result of the indentation of India into Asia. Alternatively we interpret the metamorphic complexes along the RRSZ as exhumed metamorphic core complexes of older rocks, subsequently affected by Oligocene–Early Miocene left-lateral shear and localized partial melting (leucogranite dykes), Miocene low-angle normal faulting along margins (Range Front faults), and Pliocene active dextral strike-slip faulting (RRF). Along the Ailao Shan (ALS) and Diancang Shan (DCS) ranges in Yunnan, SW China, early amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks were intruded by K-feldspar orthogneisses of Triassic age (Indosinian). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating reveals a complex history with zircon cores showing evidence of Indosinian (∼239–243 Ma) to Neoproterozoic magmatism. Zircon rims show an Oligocene (∼26 Ma) magmatic or metamorphic overprint. Biotite granodiorites and syenites of mantle origin intruded the gneisses during the Oligocene (∼35 Ma). Later biotite leucogranites intruded the orthogneisses and migmatite host rocks before a significant phase of tight to isoclinal folding. Ductile, left-lateral strike-slip shear fabrics were superimposed on all lithologies at high temperature (∼500–550 °C) for the ALS and lower temperatures (∼250–150 °C) after peak metamorphism and after granite intrusion. A few very small biotite (±Grt ± Tur) leucogranite veins and dykes crosscut the ductile strike-slip shear fabrics at Yuanjiang, in the Ailao Shan. Low-angle normal faulting along the margins of the metamorphic massif accommodated final exhumation of the Red River gneisses. Using published U-Th-Pb and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of granites along the shear zone, the age of left-lateral ductile shearing along the RRSZ can be constrained as between the earlier deformed leucogranites (31.9–24.2 Ma) and the later crosscutting dykes (21.7 Ma) with exhumation-related cooling continuing until ∼17 Ma.
Potential use of precision conservation techniques to reduce nitrate leaching in irrigated crops

There is a continuing need to develop advanced nitrogen (N) management practices that increase N use efficiencies and reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) leaching. Our goal was to evaluate the use of geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), modeling and remote sensing for reducing residual soil NO 3 -N and NO 3 -N leaching in a center-pivot irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) field. Specific objectives were: 1) to determine if productivity zones delineated using precision agriculture technologies could also correctly identify unique areas within corn fields that differed in residual soil NO 3 -N and NO 3 -N leaching potential; and 2) evaluate the potential to use remote sensing of crop productivity to reduce NO 3 -N leaching losses. This study was conducted in northeastern Colorado during the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons in a 70 ha (173 ac) center-pivot irrigated commercial cornfield. For the first objective, initial and final soil samples after harvesting were collected at known locations in high, medium and low productivity areas across this field. For the second objective initial and final soil samples after harvesting were collected in a low productivity area where in season N management was conducted based on remote sensing data. Crop yields and total N were determined on plant samples located at the soil sampling coordinates. The N reflectance index was used to determine the in season N application. Remote-sensing-based N fertilization treatment occurred whenever the mean N reflectance index was lower than 0.95 and/or more than 50 percent of the area had an N reflectance index less than 0.95. For both studies, the nitrate leaching economic analysis package and GIS were used to evaluate NO 3 -N leaching losses. We found that GIS, GPS, and modeling technologies can be used to identify and simulate the spatial residual soil NO 3 -N patterns. Productivity zones delineated using precision agriculture technologies identified areas within corn production fields that differed in residual soil NO 3 -N and NO 3 -N leaching potential. This spatial variability was negatively correlated with the soil texture (P<o.ooi), having lower residual soil NO 3 -N on the lower productivity sandier areas, which also had a higher NO 3 -N leaching potential. The N Reflectance Index method can maximize the synchronization of in season N applications with corn N uptake needs to increase N use efficiencies and reduce NO 3 -N leaching losses by 47 percent when compared to traditional practices (P<0.0001).
Avaliação de um programa para promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis em escolares de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil

OBJECTIVES: to describe the results of a nutrition intervention program aiming to promote healthy eating habits among schoolchildren. METHODS: an uncontrolled intervention study was conducted covering 162 schoolchildren from the 3rd and 4th grades of two educational institutions (public and private) in the city of Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. A short-term nutritional education program was run over the course of seven weekly meetings. An eating habits questionnaire was applied. Weight and height data were taken before and one month after the intervention conclusion. RESULTS: although no changes were detected in the schoolchildren nutritional profile, there was a significant reduction in the cookies consumption brought from home among private school boys and in the public school, there was a significant increase in the school meals and fruit consumption. CONCLUSIONS: after the intervention, it was observed that it had increased the frequency of some attitudes and more healthful eating habits. The period between the program conclusion and the second anthropometric examination can not have been enough to provoke changes in the body mass index. This experience can be applied in other institutions and, for its better effectiveness, it must count with the school community participation (mainly parents and professors).
Aplicação de técnicas de citogenética molecular na caracterização dos cromossomos da espécie Coffea arabica L.

Molecular cytogenetical techniques were applied in some C. arabica accessions for chromosome characterization. Nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) of C. arabica complement were localized through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using the probe pTa71 probe. Also, the heterochromatic ATrich regions and GC – rich regions of these chromosomes were characterized by staining with 4’6 diamidino-2phenylindole (DAPI) and chromomicin A3 (CMA3 ), respectively. The results here presented, although preliminary, indicates that identification of NORs is suitable as cytological markers for C. arabica species.
A HABITAÇÃO SOCIAL NA ATUALIDADE NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE CURITIBA/PR SOCIAL HOUSING IN THE PRESENT IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CURITIBA/PR

This article analyzes the issue of social housing in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba today, portraying what steps the government has taken to face the lack/precarious dwellings in layers of low-income population. Initially presents some considerations about the population growth of the MRC in recent decades, resulting in a series of social and environmental problems and presents the current characteristics of Parana Housing Policy, which is based on the National Housing Policy that proposes fairer and efficient. From this presents the scenery resulting from the partnership of the federal government with the state and the district of the MRC, through two main programs focused at the poorest people, the Settlements Urbanization Program Slums and the Program Minha Casa Minha Vida (type 1). Thus, says in a preliminary way that these programs have caused changes within the RMC, as new population dynamics, although these changes are not enough to resolve the issue of lack of housing for the poorest people, and that the "benefits” brought are highly questionable.
Severity Analysis of Motor Vehicle-Bicycle Crashes

This study develops a severity analysis of motor vehicle-bicycle crashes by using reported crash data from Beijing. Statistical relationships are established to relate crash severity to a variety of factors, such as: bicyclist demographics, geometric design, road environment, and crash pattern. It is found that bicyclist injury severity level could be elevated by a number of factors, which include: (1) head-on and angle collisions; (2) occurrence of running over bicyclists; (3) night without streetlight; (4) roads without median/division; (5) higher speed limit; (6) heavy vehicle involvement; and, (7) older bicyclists. In consideration of the significant effect of running over bicyclists on severe outcomes, the relationships between occurrence of running over bicyclists and crash pattern is investigated. It is found that orthokinetic scrape is more likely to result in running over bicyclists.