Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditory stimulation and deep learning predict awakening from coma after cardiac arrest

Abstract Assessing the integrity of neural functions in coma after cardiac arrest remains an open challenge. Prognostication of coma outcome relies mainly on visual expert scoring of physiological signals, which is prone to subjectivity and leaves a considerable number of patients in a ‘grey zone’, with uncertain prognosis. Quantitative analysis of EEG responses to auditory stimuli can provide a window into neural functions in coma and information about patients’ chances of awakening. However, responses to standardized auditory stimulation are far from being used in a clinical routine due to heterogeneous and cumbersome protocols. Here, we hypothesize that convolutional neural networks can assist in extracting interpretable patterns of EEG responses to auditory stimuli during the first day of coma that are predictive of patients’ chances of awakening and survival at 3 months. We used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to model single-trial EEG responses to auditory stimuli in the first day of coma, under standardized sedation and targeted temperature management, in a multicentre and multiprotocol patient cohort and predict outcome at 3 months. The use of CNNs resulted in a positive predictive power for predicting awakening of 0.83 ± 0.04 and 0.81 ± 0.06 and an area under the curve in predicting outcome of 0.69 ± 0.05 and 0.70 ± 0.05, for patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia and normothermia, respectively. These results also persisted in a subset of patients that were in a clinical ‘grey zone’. The network’s confidence in predicting outcome was based on interpretable features: it strongly correlated to the neural synchrony and complexity of EEG responses and was modulated by independent clinical evaluations, such as the EEG reactivity, background burst-suppression or motor responses. Our results highlight the strong potential of interpretable deep learning algorithms in combination with auditory stimulation to improve prognostication of coma outcome.
Electronic structure of hcp transition metals

Using the linear muffin-tin-orbital method described in the previous paper, (Phys. Rev. B 12: 3060) the electronic structures of the hcp transition metals, Zr, Hf, Ru, and Os were calculated . It is shown how the band structures of these metals may be synthesized from the sp and d bands, and the effects of hybridization, relativistic band shifts and spin--orbit coupling are illustrated by the example of Os. By making use of parameters derived from the muffin-tin potential, trends in the positions and widths of the energy bands, especially the d bands, are discussed as a function of the location in the periodic table. The densities of states of the four metals are presented and the calculated heat capacities compared with experiment. The Fermi surfaces of both Ru and Os are found to be in excellent quantitative agreement with de Haas--van Alphen measurements, indicating that the calculated d-band position is misplaced by less than 10 mRy. Very small pieces of Fermi surface, which have not yet been observed experimentally, are predicted for Os. The limited amount of experimental information available for Zr can be fairly satisfactorily interpreted if the calculated d bands, are raised by about 10--20 mRy relative tomore » the sp bands. This gives rise to a Fermi surface which is topologically equivalent to that recently found in Ti, and which does not support open orbits when the magmetic field is sufficiently great that breakdown is complete. It is suggested that the Fermi surface of Hf is probably similar, although very little experimental evidence is available for this metal. Some comments are made about the calculational method, which has proved to be physically transparent, accurate and extremely fast, and the adequancy of the standard potential, which has now been successfully employed in calculations on the great majority of the transition metals. (auth)« less
Work–Family Conflict and Depression Among Healthcare Workers: The Role of Sleep and Decision Latitude

Background: Healthcare workers report a higher incidence of depression than the general population. Work–family conflict is a risk factor, but the mechanisms explaining its association with depression are not well understood. This study examines the potential mediating and moderating role of sleep and decision latitude in translating work–family conflict into depression. Methods: In 2018, a cross-sectional survey was collected from healthcare workers (n = 1,059) in five public sector facilities in the northeast United States. The survey included questions on participants’ work–family conflict, depression, sleep duration and disturbances, decision latitude, and other work environments and socio-demographic characteristics. Multivariable linear and Poisson regression modeling were used to examine associations among variables. Findings: There was a significant association between work–family conflict and depression (β = 2.70, p < .001). Sleep disturbances, although not short sleep duration, partially mediated this association. The association between work family–conflict and depression was stronger among workers with low decision latitude. Conclusions: Depression was prevalent among healthcare workers and was associated with work–family conflict. Sleep disturbances served as a significant mediator, while decision latitude modified the strength of the association. Application to Practice: Evidence-based interventions seeking to alleviate the effect of work–family conflict and improve healthcare workers’ mental health should consider promoting employee sleep quality and improving employees’ decision-making on the job.
Informed consent for expanded carrier screening: Past, present, and future

History, law, bioethics, and geocultural influences all have impacted the modern application of informed consent. It is a complex, multilayered process to communicate information and obtain voluntary patient permission before a health care intervention. Lack of provider education about genetic disorders, complexities of advanced genomic technologies, limited time during patient encounters, and low health literacy within a population all represent challenges to effective communication. There is no consensus on how informed consent in reproductive genetics is optimally obtained. Expanded carrier screening (ECS) is purposed to simultaneously test for a large list of diseases in a pan‐ethnic manner. The increased use of ECS is driven by advances in genomic technologies, decreased cost, an improved understanding of single gene disorders, and in support of reproductive autonomy. Academic organizations recommend pretest counseling when patients consider ECS, yet best practice is not established. Ongoing research is needed to determine how optimally implement informed consent given the increased complexity of ECS.
Extra-genital Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections with genetic mutations conferring ciprofloxacin resistance among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru

Background The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections has caused great concern. Ciprofloxacin remains the empiric antimicrobial recommended to treat NG infections in Peru disregarding the susceptibility profile of circulating NG strains. We report the prevalence of individuals infected with NG strains presenting mutations in the gyrA gene that confers ciprofloxacin resistance. Methods We conducted a descriptive study assessing extragenital swab samples collected from a cohort of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru. Anal and pharyngeal NG positive swabs for Aptima Combo 2 assay (Hologic Inc., USA) were used for DNA extraction. We performed TaqMan real time PCR assays to detect a point mutation at codon Ser91 of the gyrase A (gyrA) gene. Results From 156 individuals who had at least one positive sample for NG reported by the Aptima assay, 80 individuals had at least one amplified DNA for the gyrA gene. We found that 67 of them (84.0%) were infected with a gyrA-mutated NG strain at the Ser91 codon. Conclusions We report a high prevalence of gyrA mutation conferring ciprofloxacin resistance among individuals with extragenital NG infection. Empirical treatment of NG needs to be urgently updated in Peru in concordance with international guidelines.
The association between low-level viraemia and subsequent viral non-suppression among people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda

Background Uganda’s efforts to end the HIV epidemic by 2030 are threatened by the increasing number of PLHIV with low-level viraemia (LLV). We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of LLV and the association between LLV and subsequent viral non-suppression from 2016 to 2020 among PLHIV on ART in Uganda. Method This was a retrospective cohort study, using the national viral load (VL) program data from 2016 to 2020. LLV was defined as a VL result of at least 50 copies/ml, but less than 1,000 copies/ml. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with LLV, and cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the association between LLV and viral non-suppression. Results A cohort of 17,783 PLHIV, of which 1,466 PLHIV (8.2%) had LLV and 16,317 (91.8%) had a non-detectable VL was retrospectively followed from 2016 to 2020. There were increasing numbers of PLHIV with LLV from 2.0% in 2016 to 8.6% in 2020; and LLV was associated with male sex, second line ART regimen and being of lower age. 32.5% of the PLHIV with LLV (476 out of 1,466 PLHIV) became non-suppressed, as compared to 7.7% of the PLHIV (1,254 out of 16,317 PLHIV) with a non-detectable viral load who became non-suppressed during the follow-up period. PLHIV with LLV had 4.1 times the hazard rate of developing viral non-suppression, as compared to PLHIV with a non-detectable VL (adjusted hazard ratio was 4.1, 95% CI: 3.7 to 4.7, p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study indicated that PLHIV with LLV increased from 2.0% in 2016 to 8.6% in 2020, and PLHIV with LLV had 4.1 times the hazard rate of developing viral non-suppression, as compared to PLHIV with a non-detectable VL. Hence the need to review the VL testing algorithm and also manage LLV in Uganda.
Dynamic Thermal Postbuckling Analysis of Shear Deformable Piezoelectric-FGM Cylindrical Shells

Dynamic thermal postbuckling behavior of functionally graded cylindrical shells with surface-bonded piezoelectric actuators subjected to the combined action of thermal load and applied actuator voltage is studied. The shell material is graded across the thickness according to a power law. The material properties of the functionally graded cylindrical shells are considered to be temperature dependent. The theoretical formulations are based on the Sanders nonlinear kinematic relations, which account for the transverse shear strains, and the third-order shear deformation shell theory is employed. Hamilton's principle is used to derive the equations of motion governing piezoelectric FGM cylindrical shells. A finite difference approximation combined with the Runge-Kutta method is employed to predict the postbuckling equilibrium paths, and the dynamic buckling temperature difference is detected according to Budiansky's stability criterion. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effects of the applied actuator voltage, shell geometry, volume fraction exponent in the power-law variation of the FGM, and the temperature dependency of the material properties on the postbuckling behavior of the shell. The results for simpler states are validated with the known results in the literature.
Advances in Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Integrated Devices for Management of Diabetes with Insulin-Based Therapy: Improvement in Glycemic Control

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology has evolved over the past decade with the integration of various devices including insulin pumps, connected insulin pens (CIPs), automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, and virtual platforms. CGM has shown consistent benefits in glycemic outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with insulin. Moreover, the combined effect of CGM and education have been shown to improve glycemic outcomes more than CGM alone. Now a CIP is the expected future technology that does not need to be worn all day like insulin pumps and helps to calculate insulin doses with a built-in bolus calculator. Although only a few clinical trials have assessed the effectiveness of CIPs, they consistently show benefits in glycemic outcomes by reducing missed doses of insulin and improving problematic adherence. AID systems and virtual platforms made it possible to achieve target glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes while minimizing hypoglycemia, which has always been challenging in T1DM. Now fully automatic AID systems and tools for diabetes decisions based on artificial intelligence are in development. These advances in technology could reduce the burden associated with insulin treatment for diabetes.
A Spiky Silver-Iron Oxide Nanoparticle for Highly Efficient Targeted Photothermal Therapy and Multimodal Imaging of Thrombosis.

Thrombosis and its complications are responsible for 30% of annual deaths. Limitations of methods for diagnosing and treating thrombosis highlight the need for improvements. Agents that provide simultaneous diagnostic and therapeutic activities (theranostics) are paramount for an accurate diagnosis and rapid treatment. In this study, silver-iron oxide nanoparticles (AgIONPs) are developed for highly efficient targeted photothermal therapy and imaging of thrombosis. Small iron oxide nanoparticles are employed as seeding agents for the generation of a new class of spiky silver nanoparticles with strong absorbance in the near-infrared range. The AgIONPs are biofunctionalized with binding ligands for targeting thrombi. Photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging demonstrate the highly specific binding of AgIONPs to the thrombus when functionalized with a single chain antibody targeting activated platelets. Photothermal thrombolysis in vivo shows an increase in the temperature of thrombi and a full restoration of blood flow for targeted group but not in the non-targeted group. Thrombolysis from targeted groups is significantly improved (p < 0.0001) in comparison to the standard thrombolytic used in the clinic. Assays show no apparent side effects of AgIONPs. Altogether, this work suggests that AgIONPs are potential theranostic agents for thrombosis.
Methods for computing giant planet formation and evolution

We present a numerical code for computing all stages of the formation and evolution of giant planets in the framework of the core instability mechanism. This code is a non-trivial adaption of the stellar binary evolution code and is based on a standard Henyey technique. To investigate the performance of this code we applied it to the computation of the formation and evolution of a Jupiter mass object from a half Earth core mass to ages in excess of the age of the Universe. We also present a new smoothed linear interpolation algorithm devised especially for the purpose of circumventing some problems found when some physical data (e.g. opacities, equation of state, etc.) are introduced into an implicit algorithm like the one employed in this work.
Thickness Variation of a Liquid Sheet Formed by Two Impinging Jets Using Holographic Interferometry

A real time holographic interferometry technique is developed to measure instantaneously and nonintrusively the thickness distribution of a liquid sheet formed by the impingement of two liquid jets. The experimental results are compared with earlier largely unverified analytical predictions. It is shown that the assumption that the sheet thickness is inversely proportional to the radial distance from the impingement point is in principle good. The dependence of the theoretically obtained proportionality constant on the azimuthal angle, however, while exhibiting the same trend it also shows some quantitative differences. Reasons are given in the context of the work. In addition, a weak effect of the jet velocity on the proportionality constant is found to exist. In the theories no such effect was modeled. Finally, comparisons between theoretical and experimental isothickness contours show differences. Overall, there appears to be a justification for improved theoretical studies including effects such as that of gravitation
Transient Nonlinear Disturbances and Shelves in a Stratified Fluid Layer

We revisit the classical problem of internal wave propagation in a stratified fluid layer bounded by rigid walls and point out a mechanism by which unsteady locally confined disturbances generate far‐field shelves. Carrying the standard expansion procedure to fourth order in the wave amplitude reveals that weakly nonlinear long waves of a certain mode shed, in general, lower‐ and higher‐mode shelves, which propagate upstream and downstream with the corresponding long‐wave speeds. This phenomenon is brought about by the combined effect of nonlinear interactions and the presence of transience in the main disturbance. While the shelves accompanying small‐amplitude waves are relatively weak, numerical solutions of the full Euler equations indicate that shelves induced by unsteady disturbances of finite amplitude close to breaking can be quite significant.
Dynamic Changes in Retinal Vessel Diameters and Arteriovenous Ratio within 10 Days of Birth

Abstract Purpose This study monitored the dynamic changes in retinal vascular width and the AVR in full-term neonates within 1–10 days of birth. Methods It was conducted at hospitals in the Anhui province from October 2020 to March 2022. A total of 700 full-term, healthy infants were chosen randomly within 10 days of birth, and the Star Pupil Medical Cloud Data System (XBDS) was used to collect fundus images. Infants within 6 days of birth were grouped into groups one to six, while those within the 7th to 10th days were grouped into group seven. The fundus photographs were imported into Image-Pro-Plus (IPP) software. The optic disc diameter was measured. The retinal artery and vein’s diameter was measured at a distance between 0.5- and 1.0-disc diameter from the optic disc’s margin. The AVR was also calculated. Finally, each group’s retinal vessel diameters and AVR were compared separately to show their dynamic changes. Results There were differences in the retinal artery diameter between groups one and two, three and four, four and five, and five and six. For retinal vein diameter, there were differences between groups one and two and groups six and seven. There were also differences in the AVR between all groups. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the small retinal artery and vein diameters. Conclusion The retinal artery and vein diameters and AVR in neonates change dynamically during the first 10 days of life. The AVR undergoes the most dramatic change daily and is considerably smaller than the AVR in adults. Hence, this study found that the external environment undergoes significant changes following birth that affect the microcirculation. Then, the retinal central vascular system undergoes similar emergency and adaptive alterations.
Prediction of total digestible nutrient and crude protein requirements according to daily weight gain, and behavioral measurements of Hanwoo heifers

Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effects of energy and protein levels in the diet of Hanwoo heifers on growth response and animal behavior. Methods Forty heifers were randomly allocated into three experimental groups according to the target daily weight gain in 8 pens (T-0.2, 2 replications; T-0.4 and −0.6, 3 replications) based on similar body weight (BW) and age in months. The target average daily gain (ADG) was set at 0.2 (T-0.2), 0.4 (T-0.4), and 0.6 kg/d (T-0.6), and feed was based on National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, 2017). In order to minimize hunger stress of T-0.2 and −0.4, the feeding ratio of rice straw was set to 55%, 50%, and 45% for T-0.2, −0.4 and T-0.6, respectively, so that the dry matter (DM) intake for all treatment groups was uniform but the energy and protein levels in the diet were adjusted differently. A total of 6 items (lying, standing, eating, rumination, walking and drinking) of animal behavior were analyzed. Results During the whole period of the experiment, the ADG of the T-0.2, −0.4 and −0.6 treatments were 0.48, 0.56, and 0.65 kg/d (p<0.05), respectively, showing higher gain than the predicted value, especially for the low target ADG group. Based on these results, regression equations for the total digestible nutrient (TDN) and crude protein (CP) requirements were derived. No behavioral differences were found according to the energy and protein levels in the diet because the DM intake was kept constant by adjusting the roughage and concentration ratio. However, eating time was longer (p<0.05) at T-0.2 than T-0.6 during the whole day. Conclusion Through this study, it was possible to derive regression equations for predicting TDN and CP requirements according to the target ADG and BW.
Quantitative morphometric changes in vascular mild cognitive impairment patients: early diagnosis of dementia

Abstract Vascular mild cognitive impairment (VMCI) is an early and reversible stage of dementia. Volume differences in regional gray matter may reveal the development and prognosis of VMCI. This study selected 2 of the most common types of VMCI, namely, periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMH, n = 14) and strategic single infarctions (SSI, n = 10), and used the voxel-based morphometry method to quantify their morphological characteristics. Meanwhile, age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included (n = 16). All the participants were neuropsychologically tested to characterize their cognitive function and underwent whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Our results showed that the volumes of the bilateral temporal lobes and bilateral frontal gray matter were obviously diminished in the PWMH group. The atrophy volume difference was 4,086 voxels in the left temporal lobe, 4,154 voxels in the right temporal lobe, 1,718 voxels in the left frontal lobe, and 1,141 voxels in the right frontal lobe (P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the characteristics of the gray matter atrophy associated with the PWMH were more similar to those associated with Alzheimer’s disease than SSI, which further revealed the susceptibility for escalation from PWMH to dementia. In conclusion, PWMH patients and SSI patients have different morphological characteristics, which explain the different prognoses of VMCI.