Demographic Characteristics and Disease Pattern Among Non-COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Medical Units of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sri Lanka During Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison During and Before Lockdown

Background: The COVID-19 infection was rapidly spreading almost all over the world, and the first case was confirmed on 27th January 2020 by a foreign tourist in Sri Lanka. The first Sri Lankan citizen with COVID-19 was confirmed on 11th March 2020. Soon after the confirmation of the disease, long days of lockdown were imposed in almost all parts of the world, including Sri Lanka, to control the spread of the disease. Objectives: To determine the demographic characteristics such as age, sex, number of patients, and disease pattern among non-COVID-19 patients admitted to the medical units during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare these characteristics with the data before the lockdown. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. It was conducted at the Teaching Hospital in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. All the non-COVID-19 patients admitted to medical wards and intensive care units (ICU) were included in this study. Patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) and coronary care unit (CCU) were considered ICU admissions in this study. They were studied over a period of one month during lockdown (11th March 2020 to 10th April 2020) and compared with the patients admitted one month prior to the lockdown (11th February 2020 to 10th March 2020). Results: Totally, 2340 non-COVID-19 patients (52.5% males) were admitted before the lockdown, and 1376 non-COVID-19 patients (56.2% males) were admitted during the lockdown. This reduction in admission is statistically significant (p-value is <0.001, df=3715). Patients admitted to the wards before lockdown were 2283 (97.6%) and during lockdown were 1309 (95.1%). ICU admissions were N=57 (2.4%) before lockdown and N=67 (4.9%) during lockdown. The common age distribution before the lockdown showed that 26.4% were 31-50 and 41.5% were 51-70 years. Similarly, during lockdown, the age distribution disclosed that 28.9% were 31-50 years and 42.9% were 51-70 years. The disease pattern demonstrated that before lockdown, the majority of patients were admitted for routine hemodialysis (13.2%), to get an injection (9.9%), ischemic heart disease (8.4%), chronic kidney disease (7.3%), and viral fever, including dengue (7.2%). Likewise, during lockdown, more patients were admitted for routine hemodialysis (10.7%), viral fever, including dengue (9.3%), ischemic heart disease (8.8%), to get an injection (8.5%), and chronic kidney disease (5.9%). Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in the number of non-COVID-19-related admissions during the period of lockdown. However, there was not much difference in the proportion of admissions according to gender, age, and disease pattern before and during lockdown. More number of male patients were admitted than female patients. Most of the admitted patients were under the age group of 51-70 years. The highest number of patients were admitted for routine hemodialysis before and during lockdown. However, a slightly higher number of patients were admitted to the ICU during lockdown. Therefore, strengthening the ICU facilities may be an important preparation to accommodate more patients in the future if a similar kind of emergency lockdown occurs in a pandemic situation. In addition, admissions due to non-communicable diseases (NCD) didn't fall in proportion during the pre-COVID-19 period and the lockdown period. Therefore, the redistribution of healthcare facilities needs to be done wisely to face the challenges caused by the NCDs.