Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emerging Economy Sourcing: Exploring the Use of Purchasing Teams and Enforcement of Supplier Social Practices

As firms search the world for suppliers that provide the best combination of cost, quality and latest technology, they have been confronted with the challenges of managing the sustainability performance of their global supply chains. Specifically, companies have come under increased scrutiny from various stakeholder groups for the labour and human rights practices of suppliers located in emerging economies. Drawing on the sustainability, supplier relationship management, and stakeholder literatures, this research examines the relationship between emerging economy sourcing, the use of purchasing teams, and the impact on enforcement of supplier social practices, and firm financial performance. Using data from a survey and archival sources from a sample of large U.S. firms, findings confirm the mediated role of the use of purchasing teams resulting in better enforcement of supplier social practices and improved firm performance. Findings also provide important implications for supply chain and purchasing executives. While the results of this research demonstrate the performance benefits of sourcing from emerging economies, findings also suggest that organizations should make investments to support capabilities related to enforcement of supplier social practices. Opportunities for future research are also identified.
Physiological and Yield Responses of Selected Mungbean Genotypes to Terminal Drought

Extreme drought conditions have been a major limiting factor in legume production worldwide. The development of drought-resilient crops should help mitigate adverse effects of unfavorable environmental conditions such as drought; however, initial characterization is necessary to ensure that the germplasm has the essential genetic variation for drought tolerance. In this study, a field trial was conducted to characterize drought response and potential drought tolerance of 100 mungbean genotypes through the evaluation of several physiological parameters and seed yield. The genotypes were subjected to terminal drought stress before flowering (~ 30 d after planting), reducing soil moisture content (SMC) from 25.0–30.0% to 13.0–15.0% during treatment imposition. Significant differences were observed between mungbean genotypes for total chlorophyll content (Chl), total scavenging activity (SA), electrolyte leakage (EC), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) during drought. Furthermore, by transforming each physiological parameter into principal components (PCs) via principal component analysis (PCA), five distinct clusters were generated. Based on their physiological response and seed yield, Clusters I and II were identified as potential drought susceptible group, Cluster III was moderately susceptible, and Clusters IV and V were identified as the potential drought-tolerant group. Correlation analysis and PCA also demonstrated the significant relationship among several key traits for drought tolerance such as chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant scavenging to chlorophyll fluorescence – suggesting the suitability of fluorescence parameter in mungbean mass screening for drought tolerance. Although weak correlation between physiological parameters to seed yield was present (0.3 <│r│< 0.5), correlations among each physiological parameter were moderately strong (0.5 <│r│< 0.7). The findings suggest that a physiological characterization during initial screening for drought tolerance was an effective approach in identifying possible sources of drought tolerance traits complementary with yield- related traits. The evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence, scavenging activity, electrolyte leakage, and chlorophyll content was enough to differentiate and characterize the drought response of several mungbean genotypes and will be vital in the development of climate-resilient crops.
Prevalence and Burden of Refractive Errors at National and Sub-national Levels in Iran

Abstract Purpose To estimate the prevalence, burden of refractive errors and their associated trend from 1990 to 2018 and geographic inequalities in Iran. Methods Data regarding the epidemiology of refractive errors was extracted from three different sources: systematic review of published literature, data from visual school screening programs, and data from Iran's national health survey (NHS). The pool of all available data on refractive errors as well as demographic, location, and socioeconomic status covariates were fitted in spatio-temporal and Gaussian process regression models to predict the prevalence of refractive errors from the years 1990 to 2018 in 31 provinces grouped by age and sex in order to calculate years lived with disability (YLDs). Results In 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of refractive errors was 16.32% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 12.44–21.48%) in both sexes, 17.98% (95% UI: 13.74–23.61%) in women, and 14.66% (95% UI: 11.14–19.36%) in men. The prevalence of refractive errors reveals that it increases with age. Refractive errors contributed to 441.41 and 348.38 YLDs in men and women, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence growth was 31.30% in females and 24.32% in males from the years 1990 to 2018. Significant geographical heterogeneity was observed. The age-standardized YLDs rates of refractive errors represent an increasing trend of 28.9% increase from 1990 to 2018. Conclusion Over 28 years, the prevalence of refractive errors increased significantly. Women tend to have higher rates of prevalence. The prevalence increased in older ages. Border provinces had the lowest prevalence. Age-standardized YLDs rates of refractive errors increased by about 30%.
Describing the Clinical and Laboratory Features and HLA-B Pattern of Adult-Onset Idiopathic Autoimmune Uveitis at a Tertiary Hospital in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction There is a scarcity of information available on clinical and laboratory features of adult-onset idiopathic autoimmune uveitis. Therefore, we conducted a single centre descriptive cross-sectional study. Patients and Methods. A chart review of all patients with idiopathic autoimmune uveitis with onset after 18 years of age who were referred to the rheumatology department between January 2017 and December 2018 was performed. Their clinical features, demographic features, and HLA-B genotypes were documented and described. Results Out of 210 patients referred to rheumatology, 66 were found to have uveitis, and 16 of these had an adult-onset idiopathic autoimmune uveitis. Apart from a slight female preponderance (62.5%), our patients were characterized by a high proportion of panuveitis (4 out of 16, i.e., 25%). There was an increased frequency of occurrence of synechiae (5 out of 16, i.e., 31.3%), retinal vasculitis (4 out of 16, i.e., 25%), optic disc edema (3 out of 16, i.e., 18.8%), and cystoid macular edema (seen in 2 patients, i.e., 12.5%). These features correlated with the anatomical subtypes. Retinal vasculitis and optic disc edema present in three fourth of all panuveitis cases were the most prominent features. The odds of finding HLA-B∗35 in retinal vasculitis were 33 times higher than odds of finding it in idiopathic autoimmune uveitis patients not having retinal vasculitis (OR 33; 95% CI 1.6–698). Conclusion Idiopathic autoimmune uveitis in our patients is characterized by a high frequency of panuveitis and retinal vasculitis, and complications with a probable association between HLA-B∗35 and retinal vasculitis.
Assessing Student Knowledge and Perceptions of Factors Influencing Participation in Supervised Agricultural Experience Programs

Assessing Student Knowledge and Perceptions of Factors Influencing Participation in Supervised Agricultural Experience Programs. (May 2012) Lauren Joanna Lewis, B.S., Auburn University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. John Rayfield The purpose of this study was to assess student knowledge and perceptions of factors influencing participation in Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) programs. This descriptive study was conducted in 120 randomly selected agricultural education programs throughout four purposively selected states representative of the National FFA regions. Within each state the programs randomly selected to participate were from FFA divisions characterized as having urban city-centers with outlying rural/suburban areas. Students in Florida, Indiana, Missouri, and Utah completed a researcher-designed questionnaire assessing knowledge and perceptions on factors influencing SAE participation. A response rate of 43.3% (N = 120, n = 52) was achieved, with questionnaires completed by 1,038 students. According to findings of this study 45.6% (n = 473) of the students participated in SAE programs, with most categorized as an entrepreneurship SAE and classified as a livestock project. Students could only identify at most three of five SAE categories, and
Augmented Renal Clearance of Vancomycin in Suspected Sepsis: Single-Center, Retrospective Pediatric Cohort

OBJECTIVES: To identify associations between augmented renal clearance (ARC) in pediatric patients treated for suspected sepsis and vancomycin pharmacokinetics. ARC has been associated with lower serum drug levels in both adult and pediatric cohorts for multiple drugs. We hypothesize that presence of ARC is associated with subtherapeutic initial vancomycin trough level (VTL). DESIGN Retrospective study, with patients divided into two groups based on the presence of ARC (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] above 130 mL/min/1.73 m2) in comparison with VTL. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between eGFR and subtherapeutic VTL. SETTING: Tertiary children’s hospital. PATIENTS: Hospitalized children (0–18 yr) initiated on empiric vancomycin therapy for suspected sepsis. INTERVENTIONS: Retrospective measurement of VTL, eGFR, and clinical variables. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Seventy-three patients were treated with empiric vancomycin for sepsis. ARC was present in 32 patients (44%). Subtherapeutic first VTL was present in 40 patients (55%). Higher eGFR was independently associated with subtherapeutic VTL in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Subtherapeutic VTL is associated with ARC in our single-center retrospective cohort of children with suspected sepsis. This problem may present a potential risk of treatment failure in Gram-positive sepsis or longer time to clinical response. Prospective studies to investigate the clinical significance and effect of optimizing vancomycin dose in patients with ARC are recommended.
Predicting vasovagal reactions to a virtual blood donation using facial image analysis

People with needle fear experience not only anxiety and stress but also vasovagal reactions (VVR), including nausea, dizziness, sweating, pallor changes, or even fainting. However, the mechanism behind needle fear and the VVR response are not yet well understood. The aim of our study was to explore whether fluctuations in facial temperature in several facial regions are related to the level of experienced vasovagal reactions, in a simulated blood donation.
Childhood Experiences and Mental Health of Sexual Minority Adults: Examining Three Models

ABSTRACT Three models of recalled childhood gender nonconformity (GNC) and maltreatment are proposed to explain disparities in current psychological distress and lifetime suicidality among sexual minority individuals, using a United States probability sample of cisgender lesbian/gay (n = 701), bisexual (n = 606), and other (e.g., queer, n = 182) adults. Indirect effects indicated that lesbian/gay individuals were more likely than bisexual individuals to experience maltreatment and suicidal ideation as childhood GNC increased. Other indirect effects found that bisexual individuals reported more psychological distress and greater likelihood of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts than lesbian/gay individuals as maltreatment increased. The direct effects of sexual orientation were stronger than the indirect effects via maltreatment or GNC, with bisexual individuals reporting more maltreatment, distress, and suicidality than lesbian/gay individuals. Significant findings for individuals with other identities were similar to those of bisexual individuals. Adjusted findings were comparable for women and men. The findings indicated that sexual minority individuals reported experiences consistent with sexual minority stress during early developmental periods, before being aware of their sexual orientation. It is necessary to understand the early lived experiences of sexual minority individuals, differences between lesbian/gay and bisexual individuals in those experiences, and their implications for adaptation.
Trust-building interventions to home-dwelling persons with dementia who resist care

Background: Providing care for a home-dwelling person with dementia who resists care is an ethical and practical complex and challenging task. Faced with a growing number of persons with dementia, the healthcare professional’s understanding of how to best care for and prevent unnecessary use of coercion with persons with dementia is of key importance. Research aim: The aim of this study was to explore the use of trust-building interventions in home-dwelling persons with dementia resisting care, as described by health professionals in documents of decisions of forced treatment and care. Research design: A qualitative thematic document analysis inspired by critical realism was conducted. Participants and research context: Descriptions of trust-building interventions were extracted from 88 documents of forced treatment and care for home-dwelling persons with dementia, receiving home healthcare, in 2015 and 2016. Ethical considerations: Approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, reference number 2017/788, and controlled by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data, reference number 54897. The study adhered to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Findings: We found that “balancing safe care with the person’s integrity” was an overarching theme that permeated the descriptions of trust-building interventions in the study. Three main themes were identified when the data were analyzed: safeguarding care, protecting integrity, and optimizing the environment. Discussion and conclusion: Health professionals balanced on a thin line between care and integrity when met with resistance from person with dementia. However, the trust-building interventions used in the most challenging situations did not differ from the interventions used in general in dementia care. Two knowledge gaps were identified: how to perform appropriate assessments of situations of home-dwelling persons with dementia when met with resistance to care, and whether environmental initiatives may also benefit home-dwelling persons with dementia who are not easily cared for.
Disruption impact of citronella and menthol insecticides on adults behavior and hemocytes morphology in the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus “Oliver” (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

This study was conducted to evaluate some terpenes effect on the behavior and immune function of hemocytes in adults of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Six individual different terpenes these are: (±)-menthol, B-citronellol, ( + )-3-carene, (R)- ( + )- limonene, citronella oil and orange terpenes. The results revealed significant differences between the terpenes used on the olfactory response on this insect, in that half of the compounds were very attractive while the other half were repellant to them. This behavior study results with olfactometer citronella oil exhibited an 80% attraction response rate for both sexes, while menthol exhibited a 60% attraction response rate for females and 100% for males. By contrast, menthol had a more significant effect on adults than citronella, lethal concentration at 50 scale (LC50) values of 1.03, 0.89, and 0.9 mg, and LC95 values of 5.09, 2.01, and 1.59 mg, after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. For citronella oil, the LC50 values were 2.09, 1.76, and 1.70 mg after 24, 48, and 72 h, and the LC95 values were 5.5, 3.7, and 1.5 mg after 24, 48 and 72h, were noted. In the present study, the effects of citronella and methanol insecticides were observed on six types of hemocytes namely prohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytes, coagulocytes and spherulocytes. Both citronella oil and menthol had a histopathological effect on the hemocytes of the adult red palm weevil, specifically, on the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The findings also revealed that the vacuoles in some hemocytes, specifically, the prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, and granulocytes were more sensitive than those in other hemocytes, which remained unaffected by the treatment. The effects of citronella and menthol on RPW immunity were demonstrated in this study, and this information may be applied to their usage in integrated pest control at sub-lethal dosages.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Cefazolin Is Associated with Lower Shoulder Periprosthetic Joint Infection Rates Than Non-Cefazolin Alternatives

Background: Although prophylactic antibiotics are considered the standard of care, data with regard to the comparative efficacy of specific antibiotics in the prevention of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) have remained limited. This study evaluated whether perioperative antibiotic choice affects rates of PJI development in shoulder arthroplasty. Methods: From 2000 to 2019, all primary shoulder arthroplasty types (hemiarthroplasty, anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, reverse shoulder arthroplasty) performed for elective and trauma indications with perioperative antibiotic data and a minimum follow-up of 2 years were identified from a single institution. Demographic characteristics, PJI risk factors, and PJI-free survivorship data were retrieved. Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine the association between the antibiotic administered and the development of PJI. Results: Of 7,713 shoulder arthroplasties, cefazolin was administered in 6,879 procedures (89.2%) and non-cefazolin antibiotics consisting of vancomycin (465 procedures [6.0%]), clindamycin (345 procedures [4.5%]), and alternative regimens (24 procedures [0.31%]) were administered in 834 procedures (10.8%). PJIs occurred in 101 shoulder arthroplasties (1.3%), with Cutibacterium acnes as the most common pathogen (44 procedures [43.6%]). PJI-free survivorship was greater in shoulder arthroplasties in which cefazolin was administered compared with those in which non-cefazolin antibiotics were administered, with 0.91% greater survival free of PJI at 1 month, 1.4% at 1 year, and 2.7% at 15 years (p < 0.001). Cefazolin administration, compared with non-cefazolin administration, was associated with a 69% reduction in all-cause PJI risk and a 78% reduction in C. acnes PJI risk (p < 0.001). A higher risk of PJI for both groups was observed with vancomycin; the hazard ratio [HR] was 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22 to 4.40; p = 0.010) for all-cause PJI and 2.94 (95% CI, 1.12 to 7.49; p = 0.028) for C. acnes PJI. A higher risk of PJI was also observed for both groups for clindamycin; the HR was 5.07 (95% CI, 2.83 to 9.05; p < 0.001) for all-cause PJI and 8.01 (95% CI, 3.63 to 17.42; p < 0.001) for C. acnes PJI. Conclusions: In primary shoulder arthroplasty, cefazolin administration was associated with a significantly lower rate of PJI compared with non-cefazolin alternatives, including both vancomycin and clindamycin. These risk discrepancies were observed across all infectious pathogens and may be considered even greater when C. acnes was the infecting bacterium. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
From MAFLD to hepatocellular carcinoma and everything in between

Abstract Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Many risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of MAFLD with metabolic dysregulation being the final arbiter of its development and progression. MAFLD poses a substantial economic burden to societies, which based on current trends is expected to increase over time. Numerous studies have addressed various aspects of MAFLD from its risk associations to its economic and social burden and clinical diagnosis and management, as well as the molecular mechanisms linking MAFLD to end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review summarizes current understanding of the pathogenesis of MAFLD and related diseases, particularly liver cancer. Potential therapeutic agents for MAFLD and diagnostic biomarkers are discussed.
Bioinspired dynamic soaring simulation system with distributed pressure sensors

Inspired by the albatross, this paper presents the construction of a dynamic soaring simulation system with distributed pressure sensors. The advantage of our system lies in harvesting energy from the wind shear layer and estimating the wind information using a pressure-based sensor system. Specifically, the dynamic soaring simulation system contains an offline training stage and an online estimation and control stage. In the offline training stage, computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted and used as the data source. A surrogate model is established to correlate the local flow conditions and the surface pressure at optimal sensor positions. In the online estimation and control stage, through sensing the pressure information, the real-time wind velocity and wind gradient are estimated by the surrogate model trained in the offline stage. Moreover, wind information is adopted in the simulation of dynamic soaring control. In this study, the simulation system was applied to linear and circular path-following tasks. It was found that the dynamic soaring simulation system with distributed pressure sensors provides an acceptable estimation of wind velocity and wind gradient with a certain time delay caused by numerical differentiation.
Addressing Disparities by Evaluating Depression as a Predictor of Prostate Screenings among Black Men in a Community Health Clinic

ABSTRACT To explore prostate and depression screening practices as well as predictors for prostate screening among a diverse group of men seen at a nurse-led community health center. This was a retrospective, exploratory study. Social factors, depression, and prostate screening data on 267 male patients were retrieved from medical records from 2014 to 2018. Patients that were not screened for depression were associated with a lower probability of having received a PSA screening (OR = .40, p = 02). Of those screened for depression, higher scores were associated with lower PSA screening (OR = .89, p = .02). Patients who self-identified as Hispanic (OR = .19, p <. 001), African American (AA) (OR = .06, P = .01) or White (OR = .12, P = .02) had lower odds of PSA screening compared to Black-Caribbean. The above clinical evidence is a practice implication for nurses and health care professionals. Depression screening predicted higher rates of prostate screening, while higher depression scores predicted lower prostate screening. AA and Hispanic subgroups were less likely to be screened for prostate cancer than the non-U.S. born Black-Caribbean men. Findings underscore the importance of developing community-based culturally sensitive approaches to prostate preventative care. Nurses and health providers must understand that diversity within the “Black” population exists, and these differences drive health behaviors. Person-centered care that is culturally sensitive will be essential in developing trust with communities of color to increase prostate cancer screening and health equity.