Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The lower hybrid drift instability and the modified two stream instability in high density theta pinch environments

The lower hybrid drift instability and the modified two stream instability are examined in a parametric environment characteristic of high density theta pinch implosions. A local Vlasov theory with provisions for electromagnetic effects and gradients in density, temperature and magnetic field is used. Under typical experimental conditions the lower hybrid drift instability is dominant. The effects of finite beta on the most rapidly growing modes are destabilizing and primarily manifest through the increased magnetic field gradients associated with increased beta . The theory is applied to experimental profiles of density, temperature and magnetic field to deduce the spatial structure of the instability properties within an implosion sheath.
On reflexion and trapping of upper-hybrid waves

The theme of the paper is the relation between the so-called Z mode and the upper-hybrid wave in a magnetized plasma. First, certain problems as to reflexion and transmission of upper-hybrid waves at quasi cut-off (that is, cut-off predicted within electrostatic approximation) are stated and solved by singular perturbation technique. Then the theory is extended to a problem concerning generation and trapping of upper-hybrid waves in magnetic field aligned electron density irregularities. First a single density depression is considered, and then the formalism is further extended to a system of many parallel density depressions. The study was motivated by problems in the theory of artificial small-scale ionospheric irregularities occurring in radio wave experiments.
Estimating seismic dispersion from prestack data using frequency-dependent AVO analysis

Recent laboratory measurement studies have suggested a growing consensus that fluid saturated rocks can have frequency-dependent properties within the seismic bandwidth. It is appealing to try to use these properties for the discrimination of fluid saturation from seismic data. In this paper, we develop a frequency-dependent AVO (FAVO) attribute to measure magnitude of dispersion from pre-stack data. The scheme essentially extends the Smith and Gidlow (1987)’s two-term AVO approximation to be frequency-dependent, and then linearize the frequency-dependent approximation with Taylor series expansion. The magnitude of dispersion can be estimated with least-square inversion. A high-resolution spectral decomposition method is of vital importance during the implementation of the FAVO attribute calculation. We discuss the resolution of three typical spectral decomposition techniques: the short term Fourier transform (STFT), continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and Wigner-Vill Distribution (WVD) based methods. The smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (SPWVD) method, which uses smooth windows in time and frequency domain to suppress cross-terms, provides higher resolution than that of STFT and CWT. We use SPWVD in the FAVO attribute to calculate the frequency-dependent spectral amplitudes from pre-stack data. We test our attribute on forward models with different time scales and crack densities to understand wave-scatter induced dispersion at the interface between an elastic shale and a dispersive sandstone. The FAVO attribute can determine the maximum magnitude of P-wave dispersion for dispersive partial gas saturation case; higher crack density gives rise to stronger magnitude of P-wave dispersion. Finally, the FAVO attribute was applied to real seismic data from the North Sea. The result suggests the potential of this method for detection of seismic dispersion due to fluid saturation.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Increases Anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Delivery and Efficacy in Gl261 Mouse Model

Therapeutic antibodies targeting immune checkpoints have shown limited efficacy in clinical trials in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Ultrasound-mediated blood–brain barrier opening (UMBO) using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound improved drug delivery to the brain. We explored the safety and the efficacy of UMBO plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in preclinical models of GBM. A blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening was performed using a 1 MHz preclinical ultrasound system in combination with 10 µL/g microbubbles. Brain penetration of immune checkpoint inhibitors was determined, and immune cell populations were evaluated using flow cytometry. The impact of repeated treatments on survival was determined. In syngeneic GL261-bearing immunocompetent mice, we showed that UMBO safely and repeatedly opened the BBB. BBB opening was confirmed visually and microscopically using Evans blue dye and magnetic resonance imaging. UMBO plus anti-PDL-1 was associated with a significant improvement of overall survival compared to anti-PD-L1 alone. Using mass spectroscopy, we showed that the penetration of therapeutic antibodies can be increased when delivered intravenously compared to non-sonicated brains. Furthermore, we observed an enhancement of activated microglia percentage when combined with anti-PD-L1. Here, we report that the combination of UMBO and anti-PD-L1 dramatically increases GL261-bearing mice’s survival compared to their counterparts treated with anti-PD-L1 alone. Our study highlights the BBB as a limitation to overcome in order to increase the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 in GBM and supports clinical trials combining UMBO and in GBM patients.
Enhancement of remanent polarization in epitaxial BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices with “asymmetric” structure

Enhancement of remanent polarization has been demonstrated in epitaxial “asymmetric” BaTiO3/SrTiO3 strained superlattices, in which the thickness ratio of BaTiO3 to SrTiO3 layers is changed at molecular layer order accuracy. The superlattices have been prepared on Nb-doped SrTiO3 (100) single-crystal substrates by a pulsed-laser deposition technique. The superlattice with a stacking periodicity of 15 unit cells BaTiO3/3 unit cells SrTiO3 shows the largest remanent polarization 2Pr of 46 μC/cm2, which is about three times that of the BaTiO3 single-phase film formed under the same condition. The increase in the remanent polarization is attributed both to the BaTiO3-rich structure and to the increase in lattice parameter c due to the mismatch of in-plane lattice parameters between BaTiO3 and SrTiO3.
Fault Detection of Valve Based on 2D Localization and 3D Pose Solution

We present a detection method based on 2D image localization and 3D pose calculation to solve the fault detection of high-speed train valves. In this paper, the lightweight PP-PicoDet detector is selected to identify and locate valve components, and the 3D pose calculation with spatial position alignment is used to solve the valve state. The novelty of this method adopts the preprocessing method of image object detection and the mapping relationship between image and point cloud. Through experiments, the algorithm has an accuracy of 97% in detecting objects within 0.1s, and solves the valve state within 0. 3s with a deviation of less than 1.5°. The experimental results show that the valve fault detection method combined with PP-PicoDet network and 3D state solution has practical engineering significance.
Evaluation of Change in the Facial Profile and Aesthetics in Relation to Incisor Position in Both Maxillary and Mandibular Arches

Background The orthodontist is often confronted with the need to predict soft tissue profile changes that may result from the orthodontic treatment. The problem arises because the contribution of many of the factors influencing the soft tissue profile still needs to be fully understood. The complexity of the problem is increased in growing patients in whom the post-treatment soft tissue profile is the result of both growth and orthodontic treatment. A primary motivation for seeking orthodontic treatment is a desire to improve dental and facial aesthetics. To achieve balance in the facial profile treated orthodontically, it is essential to identify the underlying skeletal hard tissue and soft tissue parameters. The present study evaluated the changes in facial profile and aesthetics in relation to incisor position. Materials and methods Samples for this study consisted of pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of the Indian population (n = 450) having different incisor relationships. Subjects aged between 18 and 30 years were included. Angular and linear measurements were taken to analyse the incisor relationship with soft tissue parameters. Results The majority (61.2%) of subjects belonged to the age group of 18-30 years. The overall female-to-male ratio in the study was 7:3. The parameter U1 to L1 was abnormal in 86.8% of subjects. Similarly, the parameters S-line upper lip (UL), S-line lower lip (LL), E-line UL, and E-line LL were found abnormal in 93.9%, 86.8%, 82.6%, and 70.1% of subjects, respectively. A significant agreement was found between U1 to L1 and E-line UL and U1 to L1 and E-line LL. Conclusions The present study concludes that facial aesthetics combines soft and hard tissue corrections, not just based on occlusal relationships but also considering facial harmony. Thus, the incisor relationship is an important asset and strongly correlates with other soft tissue and hard tissue parameters that improve facial aesthetics for the individual undergoing orthodontic treatment.
The Roles of Tidal Marshes in the Estuarine Biochemical Processes: A Numerical Modeling Study

Observations suggest that the existence of tidal marsh can alter the oxygen and nutrient dynamics in adjacent water bodies, but assessing the impacts of large tidal marshes on an estuary is challenging. In this study, we use a modeling approach to investigate the roles of tidal marshes on the estuarine biochemical processes. The marsh model, which simulates the ecological functions of marshes at seasonal and annual time‐scales, is embedded inside an unstructured‐grid three‐dimensional hydrodynamic and eutrophication model (SCHISM‐ICM). This modeling system simulates the growth and metabolism of the tidal marshes and links biological processes to nutrient dynamics in the water column and sediment. This model dynamically simulates nutrient recycling and physical transport of the materials between marshes and open water through wetting‐drying processes. This coupled model system is validated and successfully applied to the York River Estuary. Model results suggest that tidal marshes influence the local diurnal dissolved oxygen (DO) cycle by exporting dissolved organic carbon and high sediment oxygen demand in the marsh system through the tidal exchange. The high deposition rates of organics and diurnal DO cycle enhance the sediment release of phosphorus. On the other hand, marshes tend to decrease dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the water column by settling particulate nutrients and enhancing the denitrification process. The study demonstrates that tidal marshes exert substantial impacts on the estuarine biochemical processes. The developed tidal marsh model enhances eutrophication modeling and advances the understanding of the feedback effects between marsh biogeochemistry and estuarine eutrophication processes on a systemic scale.
Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity Nudges versus Usual Care in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the MADEIRA Randomized Controlled Trial

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diet quality and nutritional status have been shown to impact the disease activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been suggested as an anti-inflammatory regime to improve disease status and reduce cardiovascular risk. The Mediterranean DiEt In Rheumatoid Arthritis (MADEIRA) was a single-blind (statistician), two-arm randomized clinical trial, investigating the effects of a 12-week lifestyle intervention, including a personalized isocaloric MD plan with the promotion of physical activity (PA), supported through a clinical decision support systems (CDSS) platform, versus usual care in women with RA. Forty adult women with RA on remission were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to either the intervention or the control arm. The intervention group received personalized MD plans and lifestyle consultation on improving PA levels, whereas the controls were given generic dietary and PA advice, based on the National Dietary Guidelines. The primary outcome was that the difference in the MD adherence and secondary outcomes included change in disease activity (DAS28), anthropometric indices (BodPod), dietary intake, PA, vitamin D concentrations, and blood lipid profiles after 12 weeks from the initiation of the trial. At 3 months post-baseline, participants in the MD arm exhibited greater adherence to the MD compared with the controls (p < 0.001), lower DAS28 (p < 0.001), favorable improvements in dietary intake (p = 0.001), PA (p = 0.002), body weight and body composition (p < 0.001), blood glucose (p = 0.005), and serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations (p < 0.001). The delivery of the MD and PA promotion through CDSS nudges in women with RA in an intensive manner improves the MD adherence and is associated with beneficial results regarding disease activity and cardiometabolic-related outcomes, compared with the usual care.
Investigation of the Effect of pH on the Adsorption–Desorption of Doxycycline in Feed for Small Ruminants

Orally administered tetracycline antibiotics interact with feed, which may impact their bioavailability and efficacy. Therefore, the pH-dependent adsorption of doxycycline and its interaction with feed for ruminants was studied in vitro. Adsorption experiments on animal feed (135 and 270 mg) with initial doxycycline concentrations of 35, 75, and 150 µg/mL were performed. Desorption experiments were conducted by agitation of a predetermined mass of doxycycline-loaded animal feed in PBS, at pH = 3.0, 6.0, and 7.4, to simulate changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Antibiotic concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. The adsorption/desorption of doxycycline was described by mathematical models. Chemisorption with strong intermolecular interactions between the active functional groups of doxycycline and the organic biomass was found. The experimental release curve comprised three sections: initial prolonged 27–30% release (pH = 6.0), followed by moderate 56–59% release (pH = 3.0), and final 63–74% release (pH = 7.4). The sigmoidal model showed a considerable role of diffusion with an initial prevalence of desorption and a decreased desorption rate thereafter. The Weibull equation revealed an initial release stage followed by a lag time section and sustained release. The study of doxycycline adsorption by the animal feed proved a maximum 80% encapsulation efficiency and revealed initial diffusion followed by chemisorption. The highest release efficiency of 74% suggests high bioavailability of doxycycline after oral administration in ruminants.
Oscillations of a forced asymmetric oscillator at resonance

We consider the equation x " + mu x(+) - vx(-) = f(x) + g(x) + e(t) where x(+) = max{x, 0}; x(-) = max{-x, 0}, in a situation of resonance for the period 2 pi, i.e. when 1/root mu +1 root upsilon = 2/n for some integer n. We assume that e is 2 pi-periodic, that f has limits f(+/-infinity) at +/-infinity, and that the function g has a sublinear primitive. Denoting by phi a solution of the homogeneous equation x " + mu x(+) - vx(-) = 0, we show that the behaviour of the solutions of the full nonlinear equation depends crucially on whether the function Phi(theta) = n/pi [f(+infinity)/mu - f(-infinity)/upsilon] +1/2 pi integral(0)(2 pi) e(t)phi(t+theta) dt is of constant sign or not. In particular, existence results for 2 pi-periodic and for subharmonic solutions, based on the function Phi, are given.
Electrochemical Removal of Nitrogen Compounds from a Simulated Saline Wastewater

In the last few years, many industrial sectors have generated and discharged large volumes of saline wastewater into the environment. In the present work, the electrochemical removal of nitrogen compounds from synthetic saline wastewater was investigated through a lab-scale experimental reactor. Experiments were carried out to examine the impacts of the operational parameters, such as electrolyte composition and concentration, applied current intensity, and initial ammoniacal nitrogen concentration, on the total nitrogen removal efficiency. Using NaCl as an electrolyte, the NTOT removal was higher than Na2SO4 and NaClO4; however, increasing the initial NaCl concentration over 250 mg·L−1 resulted in no benefits for the NTOT removal efficiency. A rise in the current intensity from 0.05 A to 0.15 A resulted in an improvement in NTOT removal. Nevertheless, a further increase to 0.25 A led to basically no enhancement of the efficiency. A lower initial ammoniacal nitrogen concentration resulted in higher removal efficiency. The highest NTOT removal (about 75%) was achieved after 90 min of treatment operating with a NaCl concentration of 250 mg·L−1 at an applied current intensity of 0.15 A and with an initial ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of 13 mg·L−1. The nitrogen degradation mechanism proposed assumes a series–parallel reaction system, with a first step in which NH4+ is in equilibrium with NH3. Moreover, the nitrogen molar balance showed that the main product of nitrogen oxidation was N2, but NO3− was also detected. Collectively, electrochemical treatment is a promising approach for the removal of nitrogen compounds from impacted saline wastewater.
Harvesting wind damaged trees: a study of prediction of windthrow damage in mixed-broadleaf stands via a machine learning model

Due to climate change, windstorms are becoming increasingly common resulting in the destruction not only of extensive forest areas but, quite often, of small-sized and scattered forest lands, thereby adversely affecting both the productivity and the safety of workers employed in the harvest of windblown trees. In the present study, an attempt is made to identify and record areas in the northeastern forests of Greece covered by mixed stands of conifers and broadleaves that experienced massive windthrow following local storms. Our results reveal that where Pinus sylvestris was mixed either with Quercus sp . or with Fagus sylvatica , it had been substantially protected, while in plots where it stood on its own it had been extensively uprooted. On the other hand, Picea abies , even if it was mixed with Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris , had been blown down to a large extent. Based on tree-level data, local topographic features, forest characteristics, and the mechanical properties of green wood, a reliable model, to be used for the prediction of similar disturbances in the future, has been selected after a thorough comparative study of the most well-known intelligent Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Specifically, Random Forest Classifier, k-Neighbors Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Gradient Boosting Classifier, Ada Boost Classifier, Ridge Classifier, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, SVM – Linear Kernel, and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis were evaluated and compared using six performance measures (confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC)
Intrapartum respectful maternity care practices and its barriers in Eastern India

Background: Respectful maternal care (RMC) is increasingly recognized globally as critical to improving the quality of maternity care as women deserve respectful and dignified care. Numerous women face disrespectful maternal care during labor and delivery, especially in low- and middle-income countries, which dissuades them from seeking institutional care. Women, the consumers of care, are better positioned to report on the level of respectful care they receive. Health care workers' perspectives on barriers to delivering respective maternity care are seldom explored. Thus, this study aims to assess the levels of respectful maternity care and its barriers. Methods: This cross-sectional study assesses the level of RMC and its barriers in the labor room of tertiary care hospital in Odisha among 246 women selected by consecutive sampling technique by a questionnaire. Results: More than one-third of women reported good RMC. Although women rated high in domains of environment, resources, dignified care, and non-discrimination, non-consented care and non-confidential care were poorly rated. Barriers that adversely affect the delivery of RMC perceived by health care workers were lack of resources, staffing, uncooperative mother, communication issues, privacy issues, lack of policies, workload, and language problems. There was a significant association of RMC with age, education, occupation, and income. In contrast, residence, marital status, number of children, antenatal visit, type of institute of antenatal care, mode of delivery, and gender of health care provider were not associated with RMC. Conclusion: Given the above findings, we recommend vigorous efforts to improve the institutional policies, resources, training, and supervision of health care professionals on women's rights during childbirth to strengthen the quality of care for positive birth experiences.
Response of Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) to the Application of Classic and Stabilized Nitrogen Fertilizers—Nitrogen as a Predictor of Generative Yield

The study presents the results of a 3-year field trial aimed at assessing the yield and efficiency indicators of nitrogen application in the cultivation of three maize cultivars differing in agronomic and genetic profile. The advantages of the UltraGrain stabilo formulation (NBPT and NPPT) over ammonium nitrate and urea are apparent if a maize cultivar capable of efficient nutrient uptake in the pre-flowering period and effective utilization during the grain filling stage is selected. Therefore, the rational fertilization of maize with urea-based nitrogen fertilizer with a urease inhibitor requires the simultaneous selection of cultivars that are physiologically profiled for efficient nitrogen utilization from this form of fertilizer (“stay-green” cultivar). The interaction of a selective cultivar with a high genetically targeted potential for nitrogen uptake from soil, combined with a targeted selection of nitrogen fertilizer, is important not only in terms of production, but also environmental and economic purposes.
Predicting a Favorable (mRS 0–2) or Unfavorable (mRS 3–6) Stroke Outcome by Arterial Spin Labeling and Amide Proton Transfer Imaging in Post-Thrombolysis Stroke Patients

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether arterial spin labeling (ASL), amide proton transfer (APT), or their combination could distinguish between patients with a low and high modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and forecast the effectiveness of the therapy; (2) Methods: Fifty-eight patients with subacute phase ischemic stroke were included in this study. Based on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and asymmetry magnetic transfer ratio (MTRasym) images, histogram analysis was performed on the ischemic area to acquire imaging biomarkers, and the contralateral area was used as a control. Imaging biomarkers were compared between the low (mRS 0–2) and high (mRS 3–6) mRS score groups using the Mann–Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the potential biomarkers in differentiating between the two groups; (3) Results: The rAPT 50th had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.728, with a sensitivity of 91.67% and a specificity of 61.76% for differentiating between patients with low and high mRS scores. Moreover, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the rASL max were 0.926, 100%, and 82.4%, respectively. Combining the parameters with logistic regression could further improve the performance in predicting prognosis, leading to an AUC of 0.968, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 91.2%; (4) Conclusions: The combination of APT and ASL may be a potential imaging biomarker to reflect the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy for stroke patients, assisting in guiding treatment approaches and identifying high-risk patients such as those with severe disability, paralysis, and cognitive impairment.