Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation of fine structure in the cold phase of the local interstellar medium using K I absorption

We have observed at high resolution (λ/Δλ=5×10 4 ) and good signal-to-noise ratio (between 50 and 250, with the majority having S/N≥100) a group of 18 early-type stars in the solar neighborhood in the region of the K I λ7699 resonance line, to detect interstellar absorptions due to K I. Using our detections, and upper limits, we measure K I column densities and estimate those of H I along these lines of sight
Ion Acoustic Wave Frequencies and Onset Times During Type 3 Solar Radio Bursts

Conflicting interpretations exist for the low-frequency ion acoustic (S) waves often observed by ISEE 3 in association with intense Langmuir (L) waves in the source regions of type III solar radio bursts near 1 AU. Two indirect lines of observational evidence, as well as plasma theory, suggest they are produced by the electrostatic (ES) decay L yields L(PRIME) + S. However, contrary to theoretical predictions, an existing analysis of the wave frequencies instead favors the electromagnetic (EM) decays L yields T + S, where T denotes an EM wave near the plasma frequency. This conflict is addressed here by comparing the observed wave frequencies and onset times with theoretical predictions for the ES and EM decays, calculated using the time-variable electron beam and magnetic field orientation data, rather than the nominal values used previously. Field orientation effects and beam speed variations are shown analytically to produce factor-of-three effects, greater than the difference in wave frequencies predicted for the ES and EM decays; effects of similar magnitude occur in the events analyzed here. The S-wave signals are extracted by hand from a sawtooth noise background, greatly improving the association between S waves and intense L waves. Very good agreement exists between the time-varying predictions for the ES decay and the frequencies of most (but not all) wave bursts. The waves occur only after the ES decay becomes kinematically allowed, which is consistent with the ES decay proceeding and producing most of the observed signals. Good agreement exists between the EM decay's predictions and a significant fraction of the S-wave observations while the EM decay is kinematically allowed. The wave data are not consistent, however, with the EM decay being the dominant nonlinear process. Often the observed waves are sufficiently broadband to overlap simultaneously the frequency ranges predicted for the ES and EM decays. Coupling the dominance of the ES decay with this frequency overlap provides support for a previous suggestion that fundamental emission occurs when the EM decay is stimulated by the ES decay product waves. The periods in which the ES and EM decays produce observable S waves are consistent with the observed and (independently) predicted times of fundamental and harmonic radio emission. This supports interpretation of fundamental emission as stimulated EM decay and harmonic emission as the coalescence L + L(prime) yields T of beam-generated L waves and L(prime) waves produced by the ES decay, where T denotes an electromagnetic wave at twice the plasma frequency. Analysis of the electron beam data reveals that the time-varying beam speed is consistent with ballistic beam propagation with minimal energy loss, implying that the beam propagates in a state close to time- and volume-averaged marginal stability. This confirms a central tenet of the stochastic growth theory for type III bursts.
Quad port meander line MIMO antenna with stepped ground structure for 5G wireless application

Every wireless communication system needs an antenna as a crucial component. High-performing antennas are needed for 5G to be used effectively, which is the newest technology trend. This study introduces a unique modified meander line planer patch antenna for 5G wireless applications operating at 3.0 GHz with return loss -39.5dB. The -10dB frequency spectrum of proposed antenna from 2.53GHz(fl) to 3.68 GHz(fh) and operating bandwidth is 1.15GHz(fh-fl). The proposed antenna gain at resonance frequency is 3.89dB, isolation is more than 20dB, low ECC (0.04), high Diversity gain (9.98dB) in operating band. The overall size of antenna array is 71.9x71. 9 mm2 and low cost FR4 substrate with thickness 1.524 is used to design proposed MIMO antenna. The requirements for the 5th generations wireless communication antennas are the lowest implementation costs, compact size, high gain and efficiency, broad bandwidth, low Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), high isolation between ports. An improved results show the reliability of the proposed antenna for 5G applications
Experimental optical CDMA system based on spectral amplitude encoding of noncoherent broadband sources

The aim of this work is a proof-of-concept demonstration of an optical CDMA system based on spectral amplitude encoding of incoherent broadband sources. A Light Emitting Diode is employed as a source in a multi-mode fiber-optics system, and simple pseudorandom sequences such as m-sequences are used for optical encoding. We propose a multi-pass configuration with a Littrow grating arrangement for the optical encoder and decoder. Since this is a power-limited system, the multi-pass arrangement allows us to greatly reduce the number of lossy optical components and to increase compactness and power throughput. A differential receiver with a simplified design is employed. Measurement results are presented and discussed.
On the backfitting algorithm for additive regression models

We analyse additive regression model fitting via the backfitting algorithm. We show that in the case of a large class of curve estimators, which includes regressograms, simple step‐by‐step formulae can be given for the back‐fitting algorithm. The result of each cycle of the algorithm may be represented succinctly in terms of a sequence of d projections in n‐dimensional space, where d is the number of design coordinates and n is sample size. It follows from our formulae that the limit of the algorithm is simply the projection of the data onto that vector space which is orthogonal to the space of all n‐vectors fixed by each of the projections. The formulae also provide the convergence rate of the algorithm, the variance of the backfitting estimator, consistency of the estimator, and the relationship of the estimator to that obtained by directly minimizing mean squared distance.
Ising Model Critical Indices in Three-Dimensions from the Callan-Symanzik Equation

The coefficients in the Callan-Symanzik equations for a three-dimensional, continuous spin Ising model with an exp(-As^4+Bs^2) spin-weight factor are expanded in the dimensionless, renormalized coupling constant. These series are summed by the Pade-Borel method to yield the critical indices γ=1.241±0.002, η=0.02±0.02, ν=0.63±0.01, and Δ1=0.49±0.01.
LDV measurements of an air-solid two-phase flow in a vertical pipe

Measurements of air and solid-particle velocities were made in a vertical pipe two-phase flow by the use of a laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV). Five kinds of plastic particles, diameters of which ranged from about 3 mm to 200 μm, were transported in a vertical pipe of 30 mm inner diameter. It was found that, the smaller the particle size, the flatter was the mean air velocity distribution for the same mass flow ratio of solids to air. Large particles increased air turbulence throughout the pipe section, while small particles reduced it. Both effects of promotion and suppression of turbulence were observed at the same time in the presence of particles of medium size, that is, the turbulence was increased around the pipe centre and reduced near the wall. The frequency spectrum of air turbulence normalized by the turbulence intensity was not changed by the large particles. In the presence of the small particles, the higher-frequency parts of the spectrum increased.
Large-Scale Structure and Dynamics of Cassiopeia OB7

A large region (9° × 9°) surrounding the OB association Cassiopeia OB7 has been studied for signs of interaction between the stars and the ambient gas. A large half-shell has been detected in H I around Cas OB7, as well as in the infrared and partially in CO. This half-shell covers a range of 20 km s-1 but could reach 40 km s-1 when extrapolating to the whole shell. The structure is 120 pc across if located at 2 kpc, the distance to Cas OB7. At this distance, we estimate the mass of the shell to be approximately 30,000 M⊙. Interestingly, all Cas OB7 members are located well within the edge of this shell. We believe that there is a strong hint of interaction between the gas and the stars based on morphological evidence. The velocity of both objects (association and shell) and their respective distance are also in agreement. We explain the missing half by an expansion into the interarm region.
On skew-commuting mappings of rings

A mapping f of a ring R into itself is called skew-commuting on a subset S of R if f(s)s + sf(s) = 0 for all s ∈ S. We prove two theorems which show that under rather mild assumptions a nonzero additive mapping cannot have this property. The first theorem asserts that if R is a prime ring of characteristic not 2, and f: R → R is an additive mapping which is skew-commuting on an ideal I of R, then f(I) = 0. The second theorem states that zero is the only additive mapping which is skew-commuting on a 2-torsion free semiprime ring.
Low-gravity sideways double-diffusive instabilities

Instabilities of a double-diffusive system in a slot are considered and relevance to the microgravity environment is identified. Formulation of the problem including the effects of g-jitter is given, and a two-time-scale analysis, valid in the limit of high-frequency modulation, is employed to derive the equations governing the mean field. Two-dimensional linear stability results show that the effective rapid gravity modulation is destabilizing, resulting in a dramatically wider range of parameters where this double-diffusive instability is expected to prevail in suitable space experiments.
Cell-type Deconvolution and Age Estimation Using DNA Methylation Reveals NK Cell Deficiency in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Microenvironment

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been an approved indication for the administration of immunotherapy since 2017, but biomarkers that predict therapeutic response have remained limited. Understanding and characterizing the tumor immune microenvironment enables better classification of these tumors and may reveal biomarkers that predict immunotherapeutic efficacy. In this paper, we applied a cell-type deconvolution algorithm using DNA methylation array data to investigate the composition of the tumor microenvironment in HCC. Using two publicly available datasets with a total cohort size of 57 patients, each with tumor and matched normal tissue samples, we identified key differences in immune cell composition. We found that NK cell abundance was significantly decreased in HCC tumors compared to adjacent normal tissue. We also applied DNA methylation “clocks” which estimate phenotypic aging and compared these findings to expression-based determinations of cellular senescence. Senescence and epigenetic aging was significantly increased in HCC tumors, and the degree of age acceleration and senescence was strongly associated with decreased NK cell abundance. In summary, we found that NK cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment is significantly diminished, and that this loss of NK abundance is strongly associated with increased senescence and age-related phenotype. These findings point to key interactions between NK cells and the senescent tumor microenvironment and offer insights into the pathogenesis of HCC as well as potential biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy.
Thrust Measurement of a Multicycle Partially Filled Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine

In the present research, we experimentally verified the partial-fill effect in a multicycle pulse detonation rocket engine. The intermittent thrust of a pulse detonation rocket engine was measured by using a spring-damper mechanism that smoothed this intermittent thrust in the time direction. The intermittent mass flow rates were assessed by gas cylinder pressure or mass difference measurement. The maximum specific impulse was 305 ± 9 s at an ethylene and oxygen propellant fill fraction of 0.130 ± 0.004. When the fill fraction was greater than 0.130, the specific impulse was increased as the partial-fill fraction was decreased. When the fill fraction was less than 0.130, the specific impulse was sharply decreased as the partial-fill fraction was decreased. This decrease was due to diffusion between propellant and purge gases and the short length of the transition from deflagration to detonation. The multicycle pulse detonation rocket engine had a partial-fill effect that may have been mainly due to the suctioned air and was consistent with the single-cycle partial-fill model of Endo et al. [Endo, T. , Yatsufusa, T. , Taki, S. , Matsuo, A. , Inaba, K. , and Kasahara, J., "Homogeneous-Dilution Model of Partially-Fueled Simplified Pulse Detonation Engines," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 235, 2007, pp. 1033-1041. ].
Social Media Mining and Analysis to support authorities in COVID-19 pandemic preparedness

Social media become the main tool for spreading news, discussing ideas and comments on world events. Accordingly, social media represents a precious source to extract insight into public opinion and sentiment. In particular, Twitter has been already recognized as an important source of health-related information, given the amount of news, opinions and information that is shared by both citizens and official sources. Since the very first days of COVID-19 outbreak, people exchanged news, updates, sentiment and opinion about the pandemics. The aim of the study reported in this paper is to explore how social media has been exploited to fight COVID-19. In particular, the attention is given on analyzing engagement and interest in the COVID-19 topics and their evolution on a global scale, identifying infodemics, also analysing people feelings and reactions.
Defatted Sesame Seed Cake: Influence on the Physicochemical and Textural Characteristics of Mayonnaise

In this study, different samples of mayonnaise with sesame seed oil were produced and stored at 5 °C. The egg was replaced with corn starch “paste” and different percentages of sesame oil cakes, to evaluate the effect on the physico-chemical properties and textures of the final product. Sesame oil cakes, are rich in bioactive ingredients, remained from oil processing, such as proteins, antioxidants, fibers, vitamins and minerals. Among chemical characteristics the effect of different oil concentration and sesame seed cake used in formulations was no significant for fat and ash. On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that sesame oil cake residues are highly valuable for dressing supplementation.
Prediction of Cardiac Diseases with Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography

The heart is one of the essential organs in the human body. People are suffering from ‘Myocardial Infraction’, ‘Angioplasty’ and ‘Bypass surgery’ or sudden death. Stress Echocardiography involves raising patients’ heart rates through exercise. Then, take various measurements by pressuring the heart. Dobutamine can be used to pressure the heart, called Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to propose models to predict cardiac diseases that can happen after giving the Dobutamine drug. This study was performed on a sample of 558 patients. This sample was taken by the Adult Cardiac Imaging and Hemodynamics Laboratories officers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The study fits the statistical and machine learning models such as K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, Random Forest, Bagging methods with SVM, Gradient Boost, Extreme Gradient Boost (XG Boost), and Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN). Moreover, the hyperparametric tuning with the help of K-Fold Cross Validation techniques and Boosting methods were used to validate the fitted models and obtain better predictions. Furthermore, scaling methods such as Min-Max Scaling, Standard Scaling, and Quantile Scaling were used and handled the outliers to get better predictions without wasting much time. This study proposed five models corresponding to three diseases, sudden death, and any of these events. Myocardial infarction, angioplasty, bypass surgery, cardiac death, and any of these events can predict with 94.98%, 96.43%, 94.27%, 95.7%, and 84.44% accuracies.
Detecting Embedded Intermediate-Mass Stars Using Mid-Infrared and H I 21 Centimeter Emission

A technique is presented to detect distant, young embedded B stars (and possible clusters) from their imprint on the surrounding interstellar medium. H I 21 cm and 12CO (J = 1–0) line data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey are combined with mid-infrared images from the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) Galactic plane survey to detect the photodissociation regions (PDRs) and molecular gas associated with the embedded intermediate-mass stars. The technique has been applied to a section of the Galaxy covered by the 12CO Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory outer Galaxy survey (102.°5 < l < 141.°5, -3.°0 < b < +5.°4) and has led to the detection of 15 embedded intermediate-mass stars. The basic physical properties of the PDRs are presented and compared with PDR models. The PDR models, combined with previous observations of early-type Herbig Ae/Be stars and the nondetection of many of the sources in OH, H2O, and CH3OH surveys, imply that the objects are ∼106 yr old. The IRAS colors of the objects form a well-defined group and have been combined with 12CO and MSX observations to identify approximately 100 additional IRAS sources within the survey area as possible embedded intermediate-mass stars.
Implementation of Safe Experimentation Spiral Dynamics Algorithm for Self-Tuning of PID Controller in Elastic Joint Manipulator

This paper exclusively endorses the optimization of self-tuned PID using Safe Experimentation Spiral Dynamic Algorithm (SESDA) for elastic joint handling. SESDA is hereby devised by adoption of spiral function to a standard Safe Experimentation Dynamics Algorithm (SEDA). Such modification is implemented to exploit the ability of spiral function in enhancing both the algorithm’s exploration competency and convergence accuracy. Rotating angle tracking and vibration were then commanded by employing a pair of self-tuned PID controllers to the elastic joint system in appraising the optimization efficacy of SESDA. Performance of the updated self-tuned PID controller was further assessed in accordance to the recorded outputs on angular motion trajectory tracking, vibration suppression and statistical evaluations centering its pre-established control fitness function. The proposed SESDA produced 6.51 %, 5.54 % and 8.51 % improvement of fitness function, tracking error and control input energy, respectively, as compared with the standard SEDA. Acquired results ultimately confirmed the excellence of SESDA towards self-tuned PID’s superior regulatory precision against the standard SEDA as well as its variants.
Byzantine Auditable Atomic Register with Optimal Resilience

An auditable register extends the classical register with an audit operation that returns information on the read operations performed on the register. In this paper, we study Byzantine resilient auditable registers implementations in an asynchronous message-passing system. Existing solutions implement the auditable register on top of at least $4\mathrm{f}+1$ servers, where at most $f$ can be Byzantine. We show that $4\mathrm{f}+1$ servers are necessary to implement auditability without communication between servers. Then, we pursue the study by relaxing the constraint on the servers' communication, letting them interact with each other. In this setting, we prove that $3\mathrm{f}+1$ servers are sufficient. This result establishes that with communication between servers, auditability does not come with an additional cost in terms of the number of servers.
Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis Reveals Distinct Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are responsible for an increasing number of bacterial infections worldwide. ARGs are challenging to track within bacterial genomes as they are often subject to horizontal gene transfer via mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Complex protein-protein networks can reveal proteins contributing to the spread and persistence. Here, we developed a pipeline that facilitates this process by analyzing features of a Protein-Protein Interaction Network (PPIN). This pipeline uses a random forest model to distinguish ARGs from non-ARGs and explores associations between ARGs and proteins with which they functionally interact. We tested the approach using the PPINs of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, two deadly organisms known to carry ARGs harbored by MGEs, and achieved a macro average accuracy of 85% in ARG identification. The approach also revealed that ARGs are disproportionately associated with MGEs and the neighbors (genes connected with only one edge to the ARGs) are likely to be less mobile.
Probability distributions involving Gaussian random variables : a handbook for engineers and scientists

Basic Definitions and Notation. - Fundamental One-Dimensional Variables. - Fundamental Multidimensional Variables. - Difference of Chi-Square Random Variables. - Sum of Chi-Square Random Variables. - Products of Random Variables. - Ratios of Random Variables. - Maximum and Minimum of Pairs of Random Variables. - Quadratic Forms. - Other Miscellaneous Forms.
Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds with Totally Geodesic Boundary Which Are Decomposed into Hyperbolic Truncated Tetrahedra

In this paper we study compact oriented hyperbolic 3-manifolds each of which has a totally geodesic boundary. By a hyperbolic manifold, we mean a Riemannian manifold with constant sectional curvature $-1$ . We construct such 3-manifolds by gluing the hexagonal faces of hyperbolic truncated tetrahedra by isometries, where a hyperbolic truncated tetrahedron is a polyhedron in the hyperbolic 3-space $H^{3}$ bounded by four totally geodesic right-angled hexagons and four triangles (precise definition is given by Proposition 2.1). Such a construction was presented by W. P. Thurston in a lecture at the University of Warwick in July in 1984 (the author learned it from Professor Sadayoshi Kojima). We deal with a detailed study of constructing hyperbolic 3-manifolds by gluing hyperbolic truncated tetrahedra in \S 1 and \S 2, and after these preparations, we will show the following result in \S 3. THEOREM 3.1. There are exactly eight mutually non-isometric compact oriented hyperbolic 3-manifolds with totally geodesic boundary such that they can be decomposed into two hyperbolic truncated tetrahedra and that their boundaries are closed surfaces of genus 2. We can easily obtain the presentations of fundamental groups of the above eight 3-manifolds. But it is quite difficult to distinguish them, even though we compute the first homology group of the n-fold covering of each of them by using the Reidemeister-Schreier method (for each