Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS OF GAME BIRDS IN DHAKA CITY CORPORATION, BANGLADESH

Game birds are silent controller of maintaining ecological balance. To study the prevalence of intestinal parasites in game birds, a total of 60 birds (budgerigar, parrot, cockatoo, dove, turkey and teeter) were collected from several places of Dhaka Municipality area, during the period of June 2017 to November, 2017. Alongside the effects of age, sex, season and treatment on the prevalence of parasitic infection in game birds were studied. Coprologic analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 45%, of which 21.67% of Ascaridia galli, 10% for Balantidium coli and 13.33% for Eimeria spp. The prevalence of Ascaridia galli was 28.7%, t 22.22% and 16.6% in teeter, budgerigar and parrot respectively. Eimeria spp. (16.67%) in budgerigar. The prevalence of Ascaridia galli was highest (25%) followed by Eimeria spp (16.67%) in parrot. The prevalence of Ascaridia galli in cockatoo was 16.67%. In dove prevalence of Balantidium coli (44.44%) was highest followed by Ascaridia galli (22.22%). The prevalence of Eimeria spp. and Balantidium coli were highest (25%) followed by Ascaridia galli (12.50%) in turkey. The prevalence of Ascaridia galli was highest (28.57%) followed by Eimeria spp (14.23%) in teeter. Age of this game birds had significant (p> 0.05) influence on the infections and odds ratio of Chick (<6 month) vs young (>6 month to 1 year), young vs adult (>1 year) and chick vs adult were 1.28, 1.08 and 1.4 respectively. The sex of the game birds had significant (p>0.05) influence on the infections with intestinal parasites and odds ratio of male vs female was 0.81. Game birds had significant (p>0.05) on the infection in the seasons of the year and odds ratio of summer vs winter was 2.12. Game birds had significant (p>0.05) on the infection in the treatment given and the odds ratio of treated vs non-treated was 0.89. It may be concluded that game birds, irrespective of age, sex, season, treatment, intestinal parasites are the serious threat to game birds in Dhaka Municipality area, Bangladesh.
Biostimulants research in some horticultural plant species—A review

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Authors. Food and Energy Security published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. and the Association of Applied Biologists. 1Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia 2Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Anti-nutritional, antifeedant, growth-disrupting and insecticidal effects of four plant essential oils on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Essential oils of four aromatic plants, Artemisia monosperma Del. , Callistemon viminals (Sol.ex Gaertn.) G. Don, Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle and Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon, were evaluated for their anti-nutritional, antifeedant, growth inhibitory and insecticidal activities against Sopdoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The essential oils of A. monosperma and C. aurantifolia caused the highest reduction in relative growth rate (RGR) at the tested concentrations (125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000mg/l). The RGR values ranged between 8.63 and 3.05 mg/day for A. monosperma, and between 10.74 and 2.89 mg/day for C. aurantifolia compared with 14.89 mg/day for control after 72 h of treatment. In general, the results showed that the values of relative growth rate (RGR) decreased with increasing the concentration of the tested oils. In addition, the tested oils significantly reduced efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) values, particularly at the higher concentrations of 500, 1000 and 2000mg/l. On the other hand, the tested oils showed antifeedant activity against the larvae of S. littoralis with A. monosperma and C. aurantifolia oils being more active than C. viminals and C. macrocarpa oils. The tested oils showed remarkable growth inhibition effect as the growth inhibition index values were increased from 37.63 to 79.80% for A. monosperma, from 21.69 to 52.12% for C. viminals, from 16.55 to 28.59% for C. aurantifolia and from 37.64 to 52.32% for C. macrocarpa when the concentration increased from 125 to 2000mg/l. Based on chitin formation ratio values, the tested essential oils induced reduction in chitin formation. A. monosperma and C. macrocarpa essential oils revealed the highest insecticidal activity on 4 instar larvae of S. littoralis. Examination of reproductive tracts of adult females emerged from treated larvae indicated that the tested oils caused undifferentiated ovarioles.
Biochanin a Versus17beta Estradiol Effect in Rat Submandibular Salivary Gland; Natural Alternative or an Endocrine Disruptor! (Transmission Electron Microscope)

s The ultrastructure of Submandibular gland [SMG] following low dose of Biochanin a [BCA] and 17beta estradiol [E2] application was observed. The pups were allocated randomly into control, BCA, E2, Dimethyl sulphoxide [DMSO] and euthanized at the 6 th , 14 th , 30 th , 60 th postnatal days [PND]. The SMG acinar and ductal structure, in addition to telocytes, were altered with the compounds of concern.
Genetic characterization of Markhoz goat breed using microsatellite markers

Abstract The use of molecular markers can support the management of endangered populations and should be combined with appropriate breeding strategies to improve productive traits avoiding the decline of the breed. The genetic variability at 10 microsatellite loci were investigated in a sample of 100 unrelated Markhoz goats (77 females and 23 males). The investigated population was reared at the Sanandaj Markhoz goat Performance Testing Station in Kurdistan, Iran. Markhoz goat, a multipurpose breed, is one of the most valuable genetic resources in Iran. All the studied loci were found to be polymorphic and a total number of 52 alleles were identified with an average number of alleles of 5.2. Moreover, some population genetic indices, such as observed and expected heterozygosity, observed and expected number of alleles, Shannon's index, Nei's expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content were also calculated. Despite the decreasing population size, Markhoz goat genetic diversity is still conserved. The breed seems to have a good level of genetic variability and, as a consequence, a potential margin of adaptability to environment and for future genetic improvement.
Influence of Molecular Structure of Comb-Type Superplasticizers and Inorganic Electrolytes on the Dispersion Mechanisms of Limestone Powder

Polymers with a shorter graft length or longer intervals of graft chains are adsorbed more easily even though the adsorption sites are decreased. The content of carboxyl groups in polymer increased with the decrease in graft chain length. The intervals between graft chains are prolonged, with changed composition of the copolymer where methoxypolyethylene is replaced by styrene or allyl sulfonates. When a larger amount of carboxyl groups was introduced on the main chain or when the distance between the graft chains was extended, the influence of inorganic electrolytes n the fluidity of the suspension of with the superplasticizer was decreased. These superplasticizers can be adsorbed on limestone powder even though the adsorption sites were decreased when inorganic electrolytes were added.
Metagenomics Analyses of Cellulose and Volatile Fatty Acids Metabolism by Microorganisms in the Cow Rumen

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratios (7:3 high-forage, 3:7 high-concentrate) on rumen microflora and fiber degradation mechanism. Compared with the high-concentrate (HC) group, the high-forage(HF) group showed improved fiber degradation and a sustained high level of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase), β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase activities, but the total VFAs decreased. Among bacteria at the family level, Lachnospiraceae and Succinivibrionaceae in HF groups were 2-fold and 4-fold more abundant than in the HC group, respectively. A KEGG analysis revealed that succinate-CoA synthetase (EC: 6.2.1.5) and propionate-CoA transferase (EC: 2.8.3.1) leading directly to propionate production were more abundant in HC group. Conversely, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC: 1.3.8.1) was directly related to butyrate production and was higher in the HF group. A gene expression analysis showed that the relative content of Fibrobacter succinogenes and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was higher in the HF group and contributed more to fiber degradation and VFA production. Prevotella ruminicola, Selenomonas ruminantium, and Veillonella alkalescens contributed more to starch degradation and propionate production, which relative content was higher in the HC group. This research gave a further explanation of the fiber degradation parameters and microbiota under different F:C ration. The fiber-degrading bacteria in the roughage group have a high content level, and the corresponding cellulase activity is also high. These results supported the potential of diets for microbial manipulation, which can increase feed digestibility and explored new fibrinolytic bacteria. IMPORTANCE The forage of the cow’s feed occupies a large proportion. The shortage of high-quality forage in cow breeding has become an important factor limiting the China’s dairy industry. The effective measure is to improve the utilization of low-quality forage. Based on traditional nutrient metabolism, the reasons for the effects of roughage on the growth and metabolism of dairy cows can be explored, but the metabolic mechanism is not well analyzed, and the further utilization of forage is also limited. Metagenomics has proven to be a powerful tool for studying rumen microbial structures and gene function. This experiment used metagenomics to study the metabolism of cellulose and volatile acids in the rumen. Our research showed that different forage-to-concentrate shifted the composition of microorganisms and the activity of enzymes, resulting in different metabolic pathways of volatile fatty acids. This work provides a background for microbial community composition and further use of forage.
PhyloSuite: An integrated and scalable desktop platform for streamlined molecular sequence data management and evolutionary phylogenetics studies

Multigene and genomic data sets have become commonplace in the field of phylogenetics, but many existing tools are not designed for such data sets, which often makes the analysis time‐consuming and tedious. Here, we present PhyloSuite, a (cross‐platform, open‐source, stand‐alone Python graphical user interface) user‐friendly workflow desktop platform dedicated to streamlining molecular sequence data management and evolutionary phylogenetics studies. It uses a plugin‐based system that integrates several phylogenetic and bioinformatic tools, thereby streamlining the entire procedure, from data acquisition to phylogenetic tree annotation (in combination with iTOL). It has the following features: (a) point‐and‐click and drag‐and‐drop graphical user interface; (b) a workplace to manage and organize molecular sequence data and results of analyses; (c) GenBank entry extraction and comparative statistics; and (d) a phylogenetic workflow with batch processing capability, comprising sequence alignment (mafft and macse), alignment optimization (trimAl, HmmCleaner and Gblocks), data set concatenation, best partitioning scheme and best evolutionary model selection (PartitionFinder and modelfinder), and phylogenetic inference (MrBayes and iq‐tree). PhyloSuite is designed for both beginners and experienced researchers, allowing the former to quick‐start their way into phylogenetic analysis, and the latter to conduct, store and manage their work in a streamlined way, and spend more time investigating scientific questions instead of wasting it on transferring files from one software program to another.
The normal state of the hydrogen molecule

Recently W. Kolos and C.C. J. Roothaan have discussed the electron correlation of hydrogen -molecule on the ground state of energy level by use 0L 40 terms wave function of James and Coolidge certifying the narrow applicability only on the state of hydrogen molecule. The use of modified Berencz wave function on the LCAO approximation used in common, may be of wide application which interprets the effect of correlation of electron on the energy
A Qualitative Investigation of Farmer and Rancher Perceptions of Trees and Woody Biomass Production on Marginal Agricultural Land

Bioenergy produced from perennial feedstocks such as woody biomass could serve as an opportunity to strengthen local and regional economies and also jointly produce various environmental services. In order to assess the potential for biomass-based bioenergy, it’s essential to characterize the interest that potential biomass suppliers have in such an endeavor. In the U.S. Great Plains region, this largely means assessing relevant perceptions of farmers and ranchers. We conducted a series of farmer and rancher oriented focus groups in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas to qualitatively explore opinions about the role that trees can play in agriculture and interest in woody biomass systems within existing Northern Great Plains (NGP) farms and ranches. Our findings suggest that farmer and ranchers generally value the role that trees, or tree-based practices like windbreaks can play in agriculture particularly on marginal farmland in terms of conservation or crop protection. Yet relative to the potential of trees as a biomass crop there is a distinct lack of knowledge and skepticism. Farmers and ranchers also noted variable degrees of risk concern and uncertainty regarding investing in tree-based systems, as well as a number of perceived external market related constraints to integrating trees within their managed systems. Most of the participants recognized that if biomass production or an increase in tree planting and management in general were to expand in the NGP region, government programs would likely be required to provide much needed technical guidance and financial incentives. As the NGP regional bioeconomy continues to emerge and expand, private and public investment relative to niche bioenergy feedstocks such as woody biomass should address the type of information needs that farmers and ranchers have relative to integrating biomass production into existing farm and ranch systems.
SugE: protein involved in TBT resistance in A. molluscorum Av27

The extensive use of organotin compounds and their subsequent discharge into the environment has led to contamination of marine and freshwater environments. Several studies shown that these compounds are involved in the phenomenon known as "imposex" in gastropods and may affect other organisms, including humans. It is thus of great importance, the removal of these contaminants in ecosystems. It was isolated species of the genus Aeromonas with high resistance to tributyltin (TBT). Aeromonas molluscorum Av27, is able to degrade TBT into less toxic compounds such as dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT). It was demonstrated that the gene sugE A. molluscorum Av27 (sugE-Av27), was linked to TBT resistance in this strain. This gene codes a protein homologous to SugE, a member of the small multidrug resistance protein family (SMR). Given the possible application of Av27 in bioremediation, it is necessary to study the whole mechanism of resistance and optimize the degradation of TBT in this Av27 strain. Thus, the objectives of this study were: (i) verify the over-expression of SugE A. molluscorum Av27 (SugE-Av27) protein in Av27 in the presence of TBT; (ii) clone Av27-sugE gene into an Escherichia coli expression system, which will allow further purification of the protein for future characterization studies; (iii) development and optimization of a simple and rapid method to evaluate the TBT degradation/toxicity. In the protein extracts obtained it was not possible to identify the protein SugEAv27. However, analysis by mass spectrometry, suggested that genes related to protein synthesis, glycolysis and ATP synthesis are being overexpressed in response to TBT exposure. An enzyme, D-alanine-D-alanine ligase, involved in cell wall synthesis, also appears to be overexpressed. Indicating that one of the resistance mechanisms can be related to the maintenance of the cell wall stability. For the purification of the protein under study, the gene sugE-Av27 was inserted into the vector pET24 and cloned in E.coli BL21 (DE3). After four hours of induction with IPTG, there was an increased expression of SugE-Av27 protein indicated by Western blot analysis. Micrococcus luteus was shown to be sensitive to TBT, thus can be applied as an indicator species in degradation bioassays of TBT by Av27. It was evidenced a decrease of the TBT toxicity to M. luteus after a period of 54h, therefore this compound is being degraded by Av27. New perspectives opened up with this work in relation to TBT resistance mechanisms in Av27. To corroborate these results, further studies are needed including an analysis of the genes upand downregulated in Av27 to TBT exposure and attempt some variations in the physicochemical parameters in the degradation bioassays.
Screening of the Antibiotic Resistant Environmental Bacteria Isolated from Selected Niches in and Around Kanchipuram Town, India

The emergence of antibiotic resistance (AR) is an outcome of a repertoire of factors in various environmental and clinical settings (Rizzo et al., 2013). The critical role of the environment in the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is fast being appreciated, unlike the time when all focus was on hospital-acquired AR. Antibiotics and ARGs may partly originate from environmental bacteria, and selection for them is closely connected with anthropogenic contamination with residual antibiotics (RAbs), to which exposure of pathogenic bacteria in the same environment occurs (Allen et al., 2010). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. AMR is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society (Baquero et al., 2008).
Nanostructure of organic-inorganic composite materials based on polymer hydrogels

The initial stage of gelation of organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogels based on poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and the products of hydrolytic polycondensation of tetramethoxysilane has been studied by capillary viscometry. The development of strong bonds between polymer molecules and silica particles in aqueous solutions is proved by the electrokinetic sonic amplitude method. The molecular mass of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), the concentration of starting components, and their total amount affect the onset time of gelation in poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-water-tetramethoxysilane systems. The general scheme of formation of three-dimensional networks in such systems under the conditions of mutual penetration of poly(Nvinylpyrrolidone) coils is suggested. According to this scheme, nanoparticles of the general formula SiOx(OH)y(OR)z linking poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) macromolecules serve as junctions of the gel network due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between hydrogens of silanol groups of organosilanes and oxygens of carbonyl groups of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone).
Culture and prosocial behavior. An Incremental Validity Model

The present study investigated if values and social axioms predict prosocial behavior, as well as the incremental validity of social axioms, beyond values in the prediction of prosocial behavior. Considering that there is no evidence in the scientific literature for studies that explore the relationship of these three variables, the aim of the study was to fill in this gap. Initially 177 participants took part in the study; in the final analysis, data from 155 participants was included. Participants could access the questionnaires on social networks where they had to complete four trials of the Ultimatum and Dictator Game, the Prosocialness Scale (Caprara et. al, 2005), the Romanian version of the second edition of Social Axioms Survey (SAS-II; Leung et al., 2012) and the Value Survey of Schwartz (1992). Results showed that social axioms have incremental validity over and beyond values in the prediction of prosocial behavior – measured objective and subjective. These results bring evidence for values and social axioms explaining a significant part of the variance of the prosocial behavior. In addition, social axioms have a significant predictive power beyond values. This study has a theoretical and a practical contribution, as well. It contributes to the development of the culture, as a concept by adding the notion of social axioms and has a practical contribution for planning interventions that focus on changing the way people cooperate or modifying the helping tendencies of people.