Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physicians’ knowledge about palliative care in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study using digital social media platforms

Introduction Palliative care is still a new concept in many developing countries like Bangladesh. Basic knowledge about palliative care is needed for all physicians to identify and provide this care. This study aims to assess the preliminary knowledge level and the misconceptions about this field among physicians. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 479 physicians using a self-administered structured questionnaire adapted from Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKs) on various digital social media platforms from December 2019 to February 2020. Chi-square, Fisher’s extract test, and the Monte Carlo extract test was done to compare the knowledge level with the study subjects’ demographic variables. Results An almost equal number of physicians of both genders from four major specialties and their allied branches took part in the study (response rate 23.9%). The majority (71%) of the respondents had an average to an excellent level of knowledge about palliative care, with a median score of 11.0. Although most physicians had average knowledge about the primary goals and general concepts of palliative care, misconceptions are highly prevalent. The commonly present misconceptions were that palliative care discourages patients from consulting other specialties (88.9%), refrains them from taking curative treatments (83.1%), and this care is only for older adults (74.5%), cancer patients (63%), and the last six months of life (56.4%). Age, educational qualifications, and specialties had significant relationships (P<0.05) with the level of knowledge. Conclusion Despite having average or above knowledge about palliative care, the physicians’ prevailing misconceptions act as a barrier to recognizing the need among the target populations. So, proper education and awareness among the physicians are necessary to cross this field’s barrier and development.
Characterizing possible failure modes in physics-informed neural networks

Recent work in scientific machine learning has developed so-called physics-informed neural network (PINN) models. The typical approach is to incorporate physical domain knowledge as soft constraints on an empirical loss function and use existing machine learning methodologies to train the model. We demonstrate that, while existing PINN methodologies can learn good models for relatively trivial problems, they can easily fail to learn relevant physical phenomena for even slightly more complex problems. In particular, we analyze several distinct situations of widespread physical interest, including learning differential equations with convection, reaction, and diffusion operators. We provide evidence that the soft regularization in PINNs, which involves PDE-based differential operators, can introduce a number of subtle problems, including making the problem more ill-conditioned. Importantly, we show that these possible failure modes are not due to the lack of expressivity in the NN architecture, but that the PINN's setup makes the loss landscape very hard to optimize. We then describe two promising solutions to address these failure modes. The first approach is to use curriculum regularization, where the PINN's loss term starts from a simple PDE regularization, and becomes progressively more complex as the NN gets trained. The second approach is to pose the problem as a sequence-to-sequence learning task, rather than learning to predict the entire space-time at once. Extensive testing shows that we can achieve up to 1-2 orders of magnitude lower error with these methods as compared to regular PINN training.
Optical and Near-Infrared Monitoring of Gamma-ray Binaries Hosting Be Stars

Optical and near-infrared observations are compiled for the three gamma-ray binaries hosting Be stars: PSR B1259−63, LSI+61 303, and HESS J0632+057. The emissions from the Be disk are considered to vary according to the changes in its structure, some of which are caused by interactions with the compact object (e.g., tidal forces). Due to the high eccentricity and large orbit of these systems, the interactions—and, hence the resultant observables—depend on the orbital phase. To explore such variations, multi-band photometry and linear polarization were monitored for the three considered systems, using two 1.5 m-class telescopes: IRSF at the South African Astronomical Observatory and Kanata at the Higashi–Hiroshima Observatory.
Physicochemical properties of some hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquids applied to volatile organic compounds biodegradation processes

BACKGROUND Ionic liquids (IL) are an interesting solvent choice for specific industrial applications since physicochemical properties can be fine-tuned by modifying the substituent groups or the cation/anion pair. Hydrophobic IL are considered as green solvents and known to be good absorbents for hydrophobic organic compounds. Given their physicochemical properties an industrial application of such compounds can be conceivable. Classical physicochemical properties such as the density, the viscosity and the surface tension have a strong influence on the fluid dynamics, they were therefore measured and determined. RESULTS The density, viscosity and surface tension of 23 hydrophobic IL at room temperature were measured. These compounds are potential candidates for the absorption and biodegradation of Volatile Organic Compounds in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor. The thermal expansion coefficient, molecular volume, standard molar entropy and lattice energy were determined for each IL using empirical and semi-empirical equations based on the density values. Viscosity values were correlated by the Arrhenius equation. Then, the surface excess enthalpy and surface excess entropy were determined from the surface tension values. CONCLUSION The influence of the presence of different functional moieties (unsaturated bonding, oxygenated and cyanide) and the side chain length in the physicochemical properties of these hydrophobic IL was discussed, since their presence affected directly the density, viscosity and surface tension.
Calderón–Zygmund type estimates for singular quasilinear elliptic obstacle problems with measure data

We deal with a global Calder\'on-Zygmund type estimate for elliptic obstacle problems of $p$-Laplacian type with measure data. For this paper, we focus on the singular case of growth exponent, i.e. $1<p \le 2-\frac{1}{n}$. In addition, the emphasis of this paper is in obtaining the Lorentz bounds for the gradient of solutions with the use of fractional maximal operators.
Stable 2 W continuous-wave 261.5 nm laser for cooling and trapping aluminum monochloride.

We present a high-power tunable deep-ultraviolet (DUV) laser that uses two consecutive cavity enhanced doubling stages with LBO and CLBO crystals to produce the fourth harmonic of an amplified homebuilt external cavity diode laser. The system generates up to 2.75 W of 261.5 nm laser light with a ∼2 W stable steady-state output power and performs second harmonic generation in a largely unexplored high intensity regime in CLBO for continuous wave DUV light. We use this laser to perform fluorescence spectroscopy on the A1Π ← X1Σ+ transition in a cold, slow beam of AlCl molecules and probe the A1Π|v' = 0, J' = 1〉 state hyperfine structure for future laser cooling and trapping experiments. This work demonstrates that the production of tunable, watt-level DUV lasers is becoming routine for a variety of wavelength-specific applications in atomic, molecular and optical physics.
Regional Adversarial Training for Better Robust Generalization

Adversarial training (AT) has been demonstrated as one of the most promising defense methods against various adversarial attacks. To our knowledge, existing AT-based methods usually train with the locally most adversarial perturbed points and treat all the perturbed points equally, which may lead to considerably weaker adversarial robust generalization on test data. In this work, we introduce a new adversarial training framework that considers the diversity as well as characteristics of the perturbed points in the vicinity of benign samples. To realize the framework, we propose a Regional Adversarial Training (RAT) defense method that first utilizes the attack path generated by the typical iterative attack method of projected gradient descent (PGD), and constructs an adversarial region based on the attack path. Then, RAT samples diverse perturbed training points efficiently inside this region, and utilizes a distance-aware label smoothing mechanism to capture our intuition that perturbed points at different locations should have different impact on the model performance. Extensive experiments on several benchmark datasets show that RAT consistently makes significant improvement on standard adversarial training (SAT), and exhibits better robust generalization.
Language effects on source credibility and persuasion among bilingual consumers

This research investigates the interactive effects of language and the identification with American culture on source credibility and, subsequently, on persuasion among Hispanics. The results revealed that low American identifiers perceived a higher source expertise and greater positive attitudes towards brands advertised in English compared to brands advertised in Spanish. On the other hand, source expertise and attitudes towards the brand did not vary because of the language used among high American identifiers. Sources that communicate with code-switching elicited lower expertise and brand attitudes compared to sources that use English or Spanish. The study results found no significant effects for source trustworthiness and
Probing triaxial deformation of atomic nuclei in high-energy heavy ion collisions

Most atomic nuclei are deformed with a quadrupole shape described by its overall strength β 2 and triaxiality γ . The deformation can be accessed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions by measuring the collective ﬂow response of the produced quark-gluon plasma to the eccentricity ε 2 and the density gradient d ⊥ in the initial state. Using an analytical estimate and a Glauber model, I show that the variances, ⟨ ε 22 ⟩ or ⟨( δd ⊥ / d ⊥ ) 2 ⟩ , and skewnesses, ⟨ ε 22 δd ⊥ / d ⊥ ⟩ or ⟨( δd ⊥ / d ⊥ ) 3 ⟩ , have a simple analytical form of a ′ + b ′ β 22 and a ′ +( b ′ + c ′ cos ( 3 γ )) β 32 , respectively. From these, I constructed several normalized skewnesses to isolate the γ dependence from that of β 2 , and show that the correlations between a normalized skewness and a variance can constrain simultaneously the β 2 and γ . Assuming a linear relation with elliptic ﬂow v 2 and mean-transverse momentum [ p T ] of ﬁnal-state particles, v 2 ∝ ε 2 and δ [ p T ]/[ p T ] ∝ δd ⊥ / d ⊥ , similar conclusions are also expected for the variances and skewnesses of v 2 and [ p T ] , i.e. a + bβ 22 for ⟨ v 22 ⟩ and ⟨( δ [ p T ]/[ p T ]) 2 ⟩ and a +( b + c cos ( 3 γ )) β 32 for ⟨ v 22 δ [ p T ]/[ p T ]⟩ or ⟨( δ [ p T ]/[ p T ]) 3 ⟩ . These ﬁndings motivate a dedicated system scan of high-energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC to measure triaxiality of atomic nuclei: one ﬁrst determines the coeﬃcients b and c by collisions of isobaric near prolate nuclei, cos ( 3 γ ) ≈ 1, and near oblate nuclei, cos ( 3 γ ) ≈ − 1, with known β 2 values, followed by collisions of other species of interest with similar mass number. The ( β 2 ,γ ) values for this species can be inferred directly from the measured variance and skewness observables from these collisions. The results demonstrate the unique opportunities oﬀered by high-energy collisions as a tool to perform interdisciplinary nuclear physics studies.
Fighting COVID-19 in the United States with Federalism and Other Constitutional and Statutory Authority

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic challenges a workable American federalism. The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reserves plenary responsibilities to states for promoting health and well-being; but states and their local governments suffer from a significant lack of resources and interjurisdictional competition during major emergencies. In this article, I argue that a president has significant constitutional and statutory authority for pandemic preparedness and, by law, is responsible for leading a coordinated national response necessary to a pandemic. The article outlines the constitutional and statutory authorities available to President Trump and assesses how he used those powers to address the pandemic. It is argued that early, decisive national coordinative systems for containing and mitigating the virus; testing, tracing, contacting, and isolation protocols; data collection standardization; procurement and distribution of supplies; and planning vaccine eligibility and distribution could have reduced the state and local government disadvantages early in the pandemic, saving lives and boosting the economy.
Proof Transfer for Neural Network Verification

We introduce the novel concept of proof transfer for neural network verification. We show that by generating proof templates that capture and generalize existing proofs, we can speed up subsequent proofs. In particular we create these templates from previous proofs on the same neural network and consider two cases: (i) where the proofs are created on-line when verifying other properties and (ii) where the templates are created offline using a dataset. We base our meth-ods on three key hypotheses of neural network robustness proofs. Our evaluation shows the potential of proof transfer for benefitting robustness verification of neural networks against adversarial patches, geometric, and ℓ ∞ -perturbations.
Critical Success Factors for Fundraising in Non-Profit Organisations: An Emerging Market Perspective

Non-profit organisations (NPOs) are key players in the socio-economic development of nations. This is evident in their proliferation at the local, national and international levels. Despite their increasing number, NPOs are confronted with diverse challenges which hinder their sustainability. This paper highlights some of the challenges confronting NPOs especially in the area of fundraising from an emerging market perspective. It examines some critical factors that drive success in fundraising among NPOs. Using a quantitative research design, a survey was sent to 200 randomly sampled participants with 130 responses received and the data analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis and regression analysis. It emerged that having proper structures, coupled with credibility and accountability was critical to successful fundraising among NPOs in emerging markets. Also, NPOs need to carefully address a complex mix of external and internal issues to successfully raise funds for their operations. Prevailing economic conditions stood out as a key determinant of fundraising success. The study also revealed that the giving motive of fund givers was very important in affecting the relationships between economic conditions, internal resources of the entities, organisational strategy and success in fundraising.
THE INFLUENCE OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAKIP IN THE JAMBI PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

Performance Measurement System (PMS) including Performance Accountability is the obligation of every institution to be implemented accurately and measurably. Government AgencAy Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) which has been regulated in PP no. 29 of 2014 contains regulations of the President of the Republic of Indonesia regarding general regulations for the implementation of SAKIP. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the PMS factors on the implementation of SAKIP in the Jambi provincial government by connecting the 5 factors of the PMS and the implementation of SAKIP that influenced them. Specifically, the objects or parts of local government organizations that can explain this problem are the existing agencies, agencies and bureaus or regional apparatus organizations that are under the auspices of the provincial government. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The warp Partial Least Square (warpPLS) program is a variance-based data processing program created to solve the problems caused by covariance-based SEM. This study hypothesizes the influence of the PMS factors on the implementation of SAKIP. The activities carried out began with submitting proposals to the Jambi provincial government, which then sought data directly or through third parties. Students as enumerators are used to search for data in the field. Primary data used comes from provincial government officials, while secondary data is obtained using the services of parties who are not directly involved with Jambi provincial government policies. The research was conducted by directly observing the Jambi governor's office and was also carried out using only information technology via the internet network. So that the information obtained does come from data sources that are truly valid, reliable and trustworthy.
Histopathological Spectrum of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Biopsies in a Tertiary care centre

Background: Upper GI endoscopy is an established procedure for investigating a wide range of upper GI conditions especially inflammatory and malignant diseases of stomach and esophagus. A good correlation in diagnosis can be achieved by complementing endoscopic findings with histopathology of biopsy specimens. Methods: Both retrospective and prospective study of upper GI endoscopic biopsy was carried out at department of pathology, KIMS, Hubli during January 2016 to December 2018. Samples were received in 10% formalin; routine processing was followed with H & E staining. Special stain like Giemsa was done for detection of H. Pylori. 396 endoscopic mucosal biopsies were analyzed and evaluated. Result: Out of 396 cases, 250 cases were esophageal biopsies, 104 cases were gastric biopsies & 42 cases were duodenal biopsies. The male: female ratio was 1:9:1. The highest number of cases was seen between 61 to 70 years. Dyspepsia was the common symptom seen in 61.3%. The most common lesions encountered in the esophagus were carcinomas (67%) followed by esophagitis (16%). The commonly encountered gastric lesion was chronic gastritis in 54.8% with H. pylori gastritis being positive in 38.18%. Among the duodenal biopsies, non-neoplastic lesions were most common (59.5%) followed by neoplastic lesions (26%). Conclusion: Upper GI endoscopy is an effective and appropriate preliminary investigation to assess patients with dysphagia, dyspepsia, vomiting. Endoscopy without biopsy is incomplete and that the combination of methods offers a strong diagnostic tool for better patient care.
RELATIVELY AMENABLE ACTIONS OF THOMPSON’S GROUPS

Abstract We investigate the notion of relatively amenable topological action and show that the action of Thompson’s group T on $S^1$ is relatively amenable with respect to Thompson’s group F. We use this to conclude that F is exact if and only if T is exact. Moreover, we prove that the groupoid of germs of the action of T on $S^1$ is Borel amenable.
Uncertainty Estimation Using a Single Deep Deterministic Neural Network - ML Reproducibility Challenge 2020

The investigated paper claims RBF network when trained with BCE loss along with two-sided gradient penalty 3 outperforms deep ensemble in the task of out of distribution(OoD) detection along with competitive accuracy to softmax 4 based models. The Paper claims to outperform AUROC on Fashion-MNIST vs MNIST and CIFAR-10 vs SVHN. The 5 proposed algorithm is reported to detect both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty as OoD. Authors mention the need for 6 a formal way to distinguish between the two kinds of uncertainty and pose it as an interesting future research avenue. 7 8 The scope of this report is to reproduce the results related to OoD detection presented in the paper. Along 9 with the reproduction of results, we propose an extension for explicit detection of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty as 10 intended by the authors.
Isolation and Identification of Candida Species and Some Superficial Mycosis Associated with Diaper Dermatitis in Erbil City

Diaper dermatitis (DD) is the most common cutaneous diagnosis in infancy that affects almost every child during the early months of their life time; most cases are associated with the yeast colonization of Candida or DD candidiasis and some dermatophytes. It is an irritating and inflammatory acute dermatitis in the perineal and perianal areas resulting from the occlusion and irritation caused by diapers. The study aimed to assess the association between Candida species and some dermatophytes in infants with napkin dermatitis and determine the prevalence of DD in relation with yeast (Candida) colonization and identify common Candida spp. which is responsible for Candida (fungal) DD among infants. Data from 210 infants aged between (0 and 18) months are collected from January to August 2018 in Raparin Hospital in Erbil City. The cases include 113 (53.80%) male infants and 97 (46.19%) female infants and diagnosed with DD. Results of 210 infant with diaper rash participated in this study. 188 (89.52%) were positive for Candida spp. and Dermatophytes (molds). From the total yeast number, Candida albicans was the most predominant species accounting 128 (84.21%), while 24 (15.78%) were non-albicans and dermatophyte molds among which Malassezias spp that accounted 26 (13.83%) and 10 (5.32%), respectively. The percentage of misdiagnosed cases was 9 (4.28%). Infants at age group 6–12 months showed high frequency with diaper rash 127 (60.47%). The prevalence of DD is higher in urban 120 (57.14%) than rural area 90 (42.85%). Furthermore, high prevalence DD found in hot season than colds was 121 (64.36%) and 67 (35.63%), respectively. In conclusion, I found that there are high association between DD with Candida spp. and dermatophytes and Candida albicans is a common invader of all types of napkin eruption.
Impact of IL28B Polymorphism on the Response to Treatment of Hepatitis C with Interferon Based Therapy or Direct Acting Antivirals

Background: A major impact of the IL28B gene polymorphism on the response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C have been described recently by a lot of studies. This study aims to scrutinize the impact of IL28B genotypes of donors and recipients on the response to treatment with INF based therapy or DAA among patients that underwent liver transplantation. Aim of Study: This study aims to correlate IL28B genotype of donors and recipients for patients that had undergone liver transplantation with the response to INF based therapy, and the response to Direct Acting Antivirals (DAA). Patients and Methods: Donor and recipient IL28B genotyping by PCR was done for 24 patients who experienced LT for HCV-induced end stage liver disease with established standard follow up evaluations post liver transplant for two years. Pegylated interferona (PEG-IFN-a) and ribavirin were received by 10 of the patients and direct acting antiviral (DAA) agents were offered to the remaining 14 patients. Results: We found that there was no impact of IL 28B polymorphism on the response to anti viral treatment (AVT) by (DAA) agents, as all different IL 28B genotypes and different recipient/donor patterns eventually achieved SVR even in cases with two unfavorable non-CC genotypes in both recipients and donors. We also found that the donor rs 12979860 CC genotype was strongly associated with the success of PEG-IFN-a and ribavirin treatment of recurrent hepatitis C. Conclusions: In the era of DAAs, it seems likely that it will be possible to overcome the effect of IL28B polymorphism with DAAs combinations.