Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General surgery specialism in Turkey: work power currently, continuity at quality and quantity.

Objectives As one of the oldest and main branches of medicine, process of General Surgery speciality training is long, expensive and difficult. Along with the principle of using limited sources wisely, there is a need for national forward planning in order to keep the number of General Surgery specialists in the proper level and in the proper quality. This study is made for the assurement of training quality specialists and for the sustainability in the best conditions after determining of the number of general surgeons, work force, and working conditions. Material and Methods The number of General Surgery specialists (professors, associate professors, specialists or General Surgery subspecialists) and assistants who actively work in our country from the end of 2017 in the public sector, private sector, and university hospitals, is examined. These numbers were subjected to cross evaluation according to the provinces, academic titles and number of assistants. The estimated ratio of the existing number of General Surgery specialists to upcoming five and ten years were calculated according to the data of Turkish Statistical Institute. Results From the end of 2017, 3957 General Surgery specialists are actively working in 1031 of 1499 health facilities. Four hundred and forty of them are titled as professors, 324 of them are titled as associate professors. For every 25 thousand people, there exist 1.22 surgeons. Ten years ago, this ratio was calculated as 1.27. The number of assistans, which was 1005 ten years ago, is decreased to 768 today, but the increase of the number of specialists is 409. Conclusion The number of General Surgeons in our country is above the ideal ratio, which is one for 25 thousand people. In case rate of increase of the number of General Surgeons for the last 10 years continues, when the decrease of population growth rate is considered, there will be an uncontrolled increase in the number of surgeon per 25 thousand people. Just as the distribution of General Surgery specialists -whether or not having an academic title- is not balanced, the number of instructor per assistant is also excessive.
Evaluation of the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Radiation Dose to the Radiosensitive Organs in Pediatric Pelvic Radiography

Background Patients' dosimetry is crucial in order to enhance radiation protection optimization and to deliver low radiation dose to the patients in a radiological procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the entrance surface dose (ESD) and radiation dose to the radiosensitive organs in pediatric pelvic radiography. Materials and Methods The studied population included 98 pediatric patients of both genders referred to anteroposterior (AP) projection of pelvic radiography. The radiation dose was directly measured using high radiosensitive cylindrical lithium fluoride thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLD-GR200). Two TLDs were placed at the center point of the radiation field to measure the ESD of pelvis. Moreover for each patient, 2 TLDs were placed upon each eyelid, 2 TLDs upon each breast, 2 TLDs upon the surface anatomical position of the thyroid gland and finally 2 TLDs at the surface anatomical position of the gonads to measure the received dose. Results The ESD ± standard deviation for AP pelvic radiography was obtained 591.7±76 µGy. Statistically significant difference was obtained between organs located outside and inside of the radiation field with respect to dose received (P<0.001), as well as between the average dose received by the breast and lens of the eyes (P<0.05). There was no difference between boys and girls with respect to average ESD, while the testes dose was statistically non-significantly lower than ovaries dose. Conclusion The ESD received by patients are relatively accordance to the international recommendations. However further reduction in patients' dose in achievable by adherence to the radiation protection optimization guidelines. The data presented in our study will serve as a baseline needed for deriving local reference doses for pediatric pelvic radiography in our hospital. The study is expected to increase the awareness of medical professionals about the radiation doses in pediatric pelvic radiography.
Using land-based stations for air–sea interaction studies

Abstract In situ measurements representing the marine atmosphere and air–sea interaction are taken at ships, buoys, stationary moorings and land-based towers, where each observation platform has structural restrictions. Air–sea fluxes are often small, and due to the limitations of the sensors, several corrections are applied. Land-based towers are convenient for long-term observations, but one critical aspect is the representativeness of marine conditions. Hence, a careful analysis of the sites and the data is necessary. Based on the concept of flux footprint, we suggest defining flux data from land-based marine micrometeorological sites in categories depending on the type of land influence: 1. CAT1: Marine data representing open sea, 2. CAT2: Disturbed wave field resulting in physical properties different from open sea conditions and heterogeneity of water properties in the footprint region, and 3. CAT3: Mixed land–sea footprint, very heterogeneous conditions and possible active carbon production/consumption. Characterization of data would be beneficial for combined analyses using several sites in coastal and marginal seas and evaluation/comparison of properties and dynamics. Aerosol fluxes are a useful contribution to characterizing a marine micrometeorological field station; for most conditions, they change sign between land and sea sectors. Measured fluxes from the land-based marine station Östergarnsholm are used as an example of a land-based marine site to evaluate the categories and to present an example of differences between open sea and coastal conditions. At the Östergarnsholm site the surface drag is larger for CAT2 and CAT3 than for CAT1 when wind speed is below 10 m/s. The heat and humidity fluxes show a distinctive distinguished seasonal cycle; latent heat flux is larger for CAT2 and CAT3 compared to CAT1. The flux of carbon dioxide is large from the coastal and land–sea sectors, showing a large seasonal cycle and significant variability (compared to the open sea sector). Aerosol fluxes are partly dominated by sea spray emissions comparable to those observed at other open sea conditions.
Assessment of the effects of a multi-component individualized physiotherapy program in patients in a home hospice

Background: Hospice care is aimed at chronically and terminally ill patients. It includes symptomatic treatment as standard, but the interest in physiotherapy programs for hospice patients is increasing in order to improve their functioning and quality of life. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the impact of a multi-component individualized physiotherapy program on the functional and mental condition and quality of life of patients in a home hospice. Material and method:The study included 60 patients (mean 66.3 years) in a home hospice living in southern Poland. Functional status was assessed twice: before and after intervention. The program was performed for 6 weeks (12 trainings) and was managed on the basis of WHO Rehab-Cycle ICF. The program was individually tailored to the patient, but structured according to the same scheme, i.e. breathing, strengthening, transfer, balance and functional exercisesas well as functional ergonomics. Patients participated in setting particular objectives of the program. The study used: Katz (ADL) and Lawton (IADL) scales, Tinetti test, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scale, WHOQOL – BREF, Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). A set of ICF categories in terms of function, activity and participation was selected for the studied areas. Results: The average functional level of ADL (mean 2.87) and IADL (mean 11.92) as well as quality of life (WHOQL mean 46.43) of researched patients before the intervention were low, whereas the intensity of pain (VAS mean 5.82), the risk of falling (Tinetti mean 8.20) and depression (GDS mean 16.65) were recorded high. After the completion of the intervention program, a significant improvement was found in all assessed areas, in particular in the scope of performing basic everyday activities(ADL mean 3.95), risk of falling (Tinetti mean 12.25) and QOL (mean 52.58). Conclusions: The physiotherapeutic intervention presented here has a significant impact on improving the performance of basic and complex activities of everyday life as well as the emotional state and quality of life of patients in a home hospice. The results of our research confirm the great need for physiotherapy in hospice patients and for comprehensive assessment by means of ICF. Registration number: researchregistry5264
Co-morbid mental health issues in a clinical sample of Latinx adults: implications for integrated behavioral health treatment

ABSTRACT Latinx adults in the U.S. encounter barriers to quality behavioral healthcare despite high rates of trauma exposure and co-morbid mental health issues in clinical samples. Engaging Latinx adults in treatment requires understanding the clinical issues facing this population. This study analyzed clinical records from 120 Latinx adults referred for mental health assessment during a primary care visit. Nearly two-thirds met criteria for partial- or full-PTSD, which was significantly associated with higher rates of stress, depression and anxiety. Integrating behavioral health services within primary care settings serving Latinx adults to increase access to trauma-informed care for this population is discussed.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Duwet (Syzigium cumini) Terhadap Gambaran Histologi Ginjal Tikus (Rattus novergicus) yang Diintoksikasi dengan Timbal Asetat

Timbal adalah logam berat yang bersifat racun bagi lingkungan dan tubuh manusia. Logam berat ini dieliminasi oleh ginjal sebagai urin, sehingga jika terjadi paparan timbal yang lama maka dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada ginjal. Daun duwet mengandung antioksidan seperti flavonoid, myricetin, quercetin, isoquercetin yang dapat menghambat dan memperlambat radikal bebas. tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun duwet terhadap gambaran histologi ginjal tikus yang diintoksikasi timbal asetat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized post test only control group menggunakan 15 ekor tikus yang telah dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (K-) yang hanya diberikan pakan standar, kelompok kontrol positif (K+) yang diberikan pakan standar serta diberi timbal asetat 40 mg/kgBB secara oral, terakhir kelompok perlakuan (P1) yang diberikan pakan standar, dipaparkan timbal asetat 40 mg/kgBB, dan ekstrak daun duwet dosis 150 mg/kgBB. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 28 hari, kemudian pada hari ke-29 tikus dimatikan kemudian diambil ginjalnya untuk dibuat menjadi preparat dan dibaca menggunakan skor Barthel Manja. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol positif (K+) dengan kelompok yang diberikan perlakuan (P1), secara statistik didapatkan nilai p < 0,05. Simpulan: Terdapatnya pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun duwet terhadap gambaran histologi ginjal tikus yang diintoksikasi timbal asetat.
Students With the Most Significant Disabilities, Communicative Competence, and the Full Extent of Their Exclusion

In this brief response to Agran et al., I provide data on the extent to which students with the most significant cognitive disabilities (i.e., those students participating in alternate assessments on alternate achievement standards) are separated educationally from their peers without disabilities. I further discuss additional factors that may be contributing to separate placements for students with the most significant disabilities. Finally, I provide some promising resources that may help to address these persistent issues.
Culture and Domestic Spaces: The Influence of Culture on the Interior Residential Setting

Home has a different meaning to the house because it contains the identity, social relations and collective meaning, and in it there are activities of human life. Home is a domestic space that is close to human life and is influenced by culture. Many cultural factors affect the domestic space itself, such as memory and time; social, economic and political; habits (habit); technology; age; and gender. In this article, we will look at the relationship between culture and domestic space by comparing the interior order of the three houses. The research was conducted by field observation and interview with the residents of the house. The result of the study suggested that culture influences domestic space. This finding can be seen from the differences in interior order and the use of space, although the three residential houses have the characteristics of residential and residents are almost the same.
Analysis of pattern and outcome of abdominal trauma in a tertiary hospital in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria

Background: Abdominal injuries are common surgical emergencies in casualty units of most developing countries. This is due to the high incidence of trauma arising from increased road traffic accidents and violent crimes as a result of socioeconomic and political conflicts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern and outcome of abdominal trauma in our environment and recommend ways for improving the trauma services. Patients and Methods: The case records of 46 patients admitted during a period of 2 years, just before the onset of insurgency (2010–2011) and managed in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital were retrospectively studied for demographic characteristics, modes of injury, organs injured, treatments, and outcome. Data was collected on to Microsoft Excel 2010. Simple statistical parameters were calculated. Results: A total of 46 patients were studied; 35 (76.1%) of which had penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT) and 11 (23.9%) had blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). The male: female ratio was 8.2:1 with peak age range of 20–29 years. Stab wounds accounted for 46% and gunshot for 31% of PAT, while road traffic accidents (RTA) accounted for 82% of the BAT group. The intestine (41%), the liver (25%) are the most common organs injured in PAT, while the spleen and intestine each constituting 29% are the most frequent injured in BAT. Ninety-one percent had exploratory laparotomy, while (4) 9% were successfully managed non-operatively. The post- operative mortality rate was 16.7%. Conclusions: Abdominal trauma commonly affects the young adult males and remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in our society. Communal conflicts and road traffic accidents are the major causes. Promotion of ethno-religious harmony and road traffic education at the community level and establishment of trauma systems in hospitals will help forestall this trend.
Binary mixtures of semicrystalline polymers with low-molecular-mass compounds: thermal behaviour and phase structure

The results of phase equilibrium studies in mixtures of semicrystalline polymers with low-molecular-mass compounds are summarized and analyzed. A new classification of phase diagrams for such mixtures is proposed. Alternative points of view on the phase composition of semicrystalline polymers are presented. The phase structure evolution during the thermally induced phase separation of mixtures is monitored and the morphology of the forming capillary porous bodies as precursors of polymeric membranes is described. The general regularities concerning the influence of the nature of mixture components, polymer molecular mass, temperature scanning rate and other factors on the topology of phase diagrams are considered. Experimental methods used to construct the phase diagrams of mixtures and to study features of their phase structure are compared. The bibliography includes 203 references.
A HAND ON THE RUDDER OF INNOVATION: INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND TOP MANAGEMENT TEAMS.

This study provides one of the rare evidences based on a field study regarding the influence of corporate governance on innovation. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, it investigates how the internal governance chain (board of directors and top management teams) contribute to foster innovation in their organization. The interviewees’ statements highlight the considerable impact that directors and managers can have on innovation, and in that sense that they certainly have “a hand on the rudder of innovation”. However, the collected data also shows that other factors such as organizational characteristics (e.g. sector of the firm and partners) play a major role, thus revealing that many other aspects and stakeholders also have “a hand on the rudder of innovation”. The in-depth analysis contained in the present paper gave rise to a conceptual framework that includes 5 dimensions and 19 sub-dismensions. This framework promotes a more holistic approach when studying the link between the internal governance chain and innovation. It also emphasises the complexity of this relationship and thus helps to better tackle it.
Potency of Human Interferon β–1a and Human Interferon β–1b in Enzymotherapy, Immunotherapy, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Hormone Therapy and Targeted Therapy of Encephalomyelitis Disseminate/Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, F and G Virus Enter and Targets Liver Cells

A novel Glycoprotein–based IFN–α, IFN–β, IFN–γ and IFN–ω superabsorbent was synthesized through sub–cutaneous or intramuscular of 2–methyl–2–propenoic acid, α–methacrylic acid, 2– methylacrylic acid and 2–methylpropenoic acid onto collagen using Ammonium Peroxydisulfate (APS) as a free radical initiator in the presence of N–[(prop–2– enoylamino) methyl] prop–2–enamide as a crosslinker [1-22]. The Cytokines structure was confirmed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 31P-NMR, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR–FTIR) and FT–Raman spectroscopies. We were systematically optimized the certain variables of the graft copolymerization (i.e. the monomer, the initiator and the crosslinker concentration) to achieve cytokines with maximum and minimum swelling capacities, respectively. Under the optimized conditions concluded, maximum and minimum capacities of swelling in distilled water were found and computed, respectively. The swelling kinetics and thermodynamics of the synthesized cytokines with various particle sizes was preliminarily studied. Absorbency in aqueous fluoride salt solutions indicated that the swelling capacities decreased with an increase in the ionic strength of the swelling medium. The swelling of super– absorbing cytokines was also measured and investigated in solutions with pH ranges from 1 to 14 [23-44]. On the other hand, Avonex, Rebif and CinnoVexs are the class of pharmaceutical, medical, medicinal and clinical compounds that are widely valued for their pain killing, anti–pyretic, anti– virus and anti– inflammatory properties. The most commonly known and used in Avonex, Rebif and CinnoVexs are Ziferon. They are used extensively
“We shall count it as a part of kyogero”. The acceptability of chlorhexidine for umbilical cord care in the cultural context of Central Uganda

iii Glossary of Acronyms . vii Acknowledgements . viii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Child mortality . 1 Neonatal infections . 3 Umbilical cord care . 4 Chlorhexidine and the umbilical cord . 5 The chlorhexidine trial . 8 Problem statement and justification . 10 Research question . 11 Objectives . 11 Theoretical perspectives . 12 Dirt as ‘Matter out of place’ . 12 Risk and blame . 13 Diffusion of innovations . 14 Chapter 2: Methodology . 16 Design of the study . 16 Formative qualitative research . 16 Study setting . 19 Study participants . 21 Data collection . 26 Data handling and analysis . 29 Researcher profiles . 31 Ethical considerations . 33 Chapter 3: The cord and its meaning: “The cord is the child” . 36 The changing meanings of the umbilical cord . 36 Cutting and healing of the umbilical cord . 42 “Without kyogero there is no blessing” . 45 Colic, bad smell and conflicting instructions in umbilical cord care . 48 Responsibility in umbilical cord care . 50
Prescribing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: A qualitative analysis of health care provider training needs

Abstract Increasing the number of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescriptions will require more health care providers to be willing and trained to prescribe the medication. The purpose of our study was to understand the training needs of clinicians who do not prescribe PrEP. From September 2017 to January 2018, qualitative interviews were conducted with providers who had no experience prescribing PrEP (N = 20). Thematic analysis revealed four themes: three emphasized the temporal nature of training requirements and one identified training preferences of providers. Study findings suggest that clinicians require specific information in order to integrate PrEP into their practices successfully.
Personalised haemodynamic simulations of aortic dissection: towards clinical translation

Aortic dissection (AD) is a severe vascular condition in which an intramural tear results in blood flowing within the aortic wall. The optimal treatment of type-B dissections - those involving the arch and descending aorta - is still debated; when uncomplicated, they are commonly managed medically, but up to 50% of the cases will develop complications requiring invasive intervention. Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can provide insight into the pathology and aid clinical decisions by reproducing in detail the intra-aortic haemodynamics; however, oversimplified modelling assumptions and high computational cost compromise the accuracy of simulation predictions and impede clinical translation. Moreover, the requirement of working with noisy and oftentimes minimal clinical datasets complicates the implementation of personalised models. In the present thesis, methods to overcome the aforementioned limitations and facilitate the clinical translation of CFD tools are presented and tested on type-B AD cases. A novel approach for patient-specific models of complex ADs informed by commonly available clinical datasets (including CT-scans and Doppler ultrasonography) is proposed. The approach includes an innovative way to account for arterial compliance in rigid-wall simulations using a lumped capacitor and a parameter estimation strategy for Windkessel boundary conditions. The approach was tested on three case-studies, and the results were successfully compared against invasive intra-aortic pressure measurements. A new and efficient moving boundary method (MBM) - tunable with non-invasive displacement data - is then proposed to capture wall motion in CFD simulations, necessary in certain AD settings for accurate haemodynamic predictions. The MBM was first applied and validated on a case-study previously investigated with a full fluid-structure interaction technique, and then employed in a patient-specific compliant model of a type-B AD informed by multi-modal imaging data. Extensive comparison between in silico and in vivo data demonstrated the reliability of the model predictions.