Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of some rancidity measures at the end of the shelf life of sunflower oil

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The Influence of Combined Treatment of Fast Neutrons and NEU on the Mutation Spectrum in Peas

Investigations were carried out on mutation induction in peas by using fast neutrons (Nf), N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU), And a combined treatment of both agents. In total, 1314 mutants were isolated representing a wide mutation spectrum. In comparison 10 the single mutagens the combined treatment acted as a different, third if it were mutagen, being the most effective and producing the highest number and the widest spectrum of induced mutants. Nf was clearly least effective with regard to the number of mutants, but it did induce the widest mutation spectrum per 100 induced mutants. Moreover, some mutation types appeared only with a given mutagen and in a given genotype. The greatest number of such specific mutants was selected in the line Wt 3527 after the combined treatment; among them some new genes in Pisum were found, e.g. orange pod, necrosis, arthritic or determinate growth.
Selection of a Mutant Strain Streptococcus equi SH-109 and Optimization of Culture Conditions for the Production of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid

A high molecular weight hyaluronic acid-producing mutant, designated as Streptococcus equi SH-109 that did not produce streptolysin or hyaluronidase was selected from wild-type Streptococcus equi SH-0 by NTG treatment. The selected mutant could produce high molecular weight HA and had perfect genetic stability after reproduction. Several culture conditions were optimized in a 5-l fermentor for the production of hyaluronic acid. It was found that the optimal pH and agitation speed were 7.6 and 550rpm, respectively. Under the optimized culture condition, hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of 4.0 x 106 was accumulated in the culture broth.
Effects of Crop Rotation and Biocontrol Amendments on Rhizoctonia Disease of Potato and Soil Microbial Communities

Rotation crops and biocontrol amendments were investigated for suppression of Rhizoctonia solani on potato (Solanum tuberosum) and their interactive effects on soil microbial communities. Greenhouse trials were conducted to evaluate selected rotation crops, including barley, common and “Lemtal” ryegrass, clover, potato, and combinations of barley with ryegrass or clover, for their effects on populations of R. solani and Rhizoctonia disease. Potato and clover preceding potato resulted in higher disease severity than most other rotations, whereas ryegrass reduced stem canker severity. In addition, all ryegrass treatments resulted in substantially higher populations of R. zeae. Field trials evaluating selected biocontrol treatments in combination with different rotations were conducted at two locations in Maine. Potatoes were treated with the biocontrol organisms Laetisaria arvalis, Trichoderma virens, or Bacillus subtilis and planted following rotation crops of barley and ryegrass, barley and clover, or potato. The barley/ryegrass rotation significantly reduced incidence and severity of stem canker and increased tuber yield at one location. Efficacy of the biocontrol treatments varied by rotation and location, with L. arvalis and T. virens reducing black scurf in some rotations and increasing some aspects of tuber yield at one location. Soil microbial community characteristics differed among rotation crops and biocontrol treatments. Significant crop by biocontrol interactions were observed demonstrating the complex interactions among rotation crops, biocontrol treatments, and soil microbial communities, as well as indicating that biocontrol can be enhanced within beneficial rotations.
Measuring resident place attachment in a World Cultural Heritage tourism context: the case of Hoi An (Vietnam)

ABSTRACT Human attachment to place has been widely discussed in the tourism literature to explain the attitudes and behaviours of tourists towards destinations. Less is known about the place attachments of local residents and this may be particularly important where tourism impacts places of cultural significance. This paper examines how the attachment to place of local residents has been structured in the context of a World Cultural Heritage area. Data collection was conducted through two stages involving 38 semi-structured interviews followed by a survey with 405 local residents in Hoi An Ancient Town (Vietnam). The results revealed that local residents developed a positive and close attachment with the heritage of their hometown. Resident place attachment was found to be an overarching concept represented by the correlated dimensions of place affect, place identity and place dependence. The scale developed in the study can be used to measure the role of World Cultural Heritage status in the formation of relationships between residents and tourist places.
Correlates of male mating success in two natural populations of the damselfly lschnura graellsii (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)

Abstract. 1 Two natural populations of Ischnura graellsii were studied in north‐west Spain by means of mark‐release‐recapture techniques. Recaptured males were a random sample of the original marked population with regard to date of marking. At O Rosal a greater proportion of young males than old males disappeared after marking; at Lourizán recaptured males were larger than unrecaptured ones. 2 The number of matings observed in both populations showed great daily variation. Most of the variation is accounted for by climatic variables. Most males (56–65%) and many females (41–45%) were never observed to mate. 3 Male LMS was highly correlated with lifespan in both populations. At O Rosal, male LMS was also positively correlated with body length, and mated males were larger than unmated males. This surprising result for a non‐territorial species was due to the positive correlation between date of marking and size. There was a positive correlation between body size and mobility for males at O Rosal, but mobility was not correlated with male LMS. 4 As predicted by sexual selection theory, the standardized variance in male LMS was greater than in female LMS. Variation in mature lifespan explained 16% of variance in male LMS at Lourizán and 28% at O Rosal.
Biosystematic study of the genus Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) in the Aegean area (Greece). II: Limonium hierapetrae Rech. fil. from Kriti island

Summary Limonium hierapetrae Rech, fil. , a species endemic of Kriti island is studied. Information on its chromosome number (2n = 43), karyotype and reproduction mechanism are given for the first time. On the basis of the results obtained L. hierapetrae is a hybridogenous taxon apomictically reproduced. The morphological relationships of this species with the closely related L. ocymifolium (Poiret) O. Kuntze are also discussed.
Identification of Pseudomonas fuscovaginae with biochemical, serological, and pathogenicity tests

Trois types de tests de diagnostic ont ete utilises pour identifier 34 souches de Pseudomonas fuscovaginae a partir de 136 souches de Pseudomonas fluorescentes extraites d'echantillons de riz (Oryza sativa) malade preleve au champ dans 5 pays. Certaines des 102 souches restantes qui n'etaient pas conformes a P. fuscovaginae etaient pathogenes au riz. Plus de deux serotypes existaient parmi les souches de P. fuscovaginae de Madagascar. Seule la combinaison du pouvoir pathogene et d'un profil biochimique a savoir des reactions identiques a 7 souches de reference dans 8 tests biochimiques, permettaient l'identification de toutes les souches du pathogene
Immunocytochemical localization of serotonin and neuropeptides in the neuroendocrine paraneurons of teleost and lungfish gills

Neuroendocrine (NE) cells in the gills of six fish species were identified by serotonin and peptide immunohistochemistry. They occur either as single cells or as cell clusters within the filamental epithelium. Two populations of NE cells were identified that exhibit an immunoreactivity either for serotonin alone or for met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin co-distributed in the same cells. We demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of open-type endocrine cells in the fish gill epithelium and confirm the presence of only serotonin-immunopositive cells of the closed type. The NE cells of the species studied do not react positively to other neuroendocrine markers occurring in the mammalian lung. Great differences probably exist in the expression of these epitopes on antigenic structures among various animal species. Although the physiological role of neuropeptides and serotonin in the fish gill NE cells is unknown, the presence of these molecular markers is of interest not only from an evolutionary aspect, but also in terms of a potential animal model to study the supposed functions of the airway neuroendocrine system in the vertebrates.
MnO2 and Oxalate: An Abiotic Route for the Oxidation of Aromatic Components in Wheat Straw

Oxidants formed through the interaction between MnO2 and oxalate accumulated in rotten wood have been evaluated as abiotic agents possibly involved in wheat straw ligninolysis. The hemicellulose and cellulose content of straw remained unchanged, and no release of free soluble materials from lignin or polysaccharides could be evidenced. Structural analysis of oxidized lignin in situ has revealed up to 30% and 10% decrease of β-O-4 linked Guaiacyl and Syringyl units, respectively. Lignin phenolic moieties only were directly oxidized by MnO2/oxalate as no structural alteration was observed within extensively permethylated wheat straw. Modifications were also evidenced at the level of the cell wall linked cinnamic acids present in wheat straw. Esterified phenolic acids were more readily oxidized by Mn complexes than ethers analogues, and disappearance of ferulic moieties was always more pronounced than that of p-coumaric acids. The abiotic Mn oxidants generated from MnO2 and oxalate may therefore significantl.
Temporal variation in the structure of intertidal assemblages following the removal of sewage

Following the closure of 2 outfalls, changes in the number of species and abundance of intertidal organisms at 2 decommissioned outfalls were compared with control (sewage outfalls that remained in operation) and reference (natural) areas. Two intertidal levels (mid- and low-shore) were sampled 5 times over 2 yr following the closure of these outfalls. It was proposed that the number of species would increase and the abundance of green algae would decrease through time at the decommissioned outfalls, while no noticeable changes in the number of species and the abundance of green algae were predicted at the reference and control locations. The 4 outfalls (2 decommis- sioned and 2 controls) were analysed separately with an asymmetrical ANOVA to identify differences between the outfall and the average of their 2 respective reference locations. Non-metric multi- dimensional scaling ordination using Bray-Curtis similarity was used to identify differences between outfalls and reference locations in the structure of the assemblages at the 2 heights on the shore. Dur- ing the first (6 mo after closure) and second sampling period, fewer species and greater abundance of green algae were observed at every outfall than at their respective reference locations in low-shore areas. In the subsequent sampling periods, the number of species at the decommissioned outfalls increased through time while there were consistently fewer species at the control outfalls. The oppo- site pattern was observed for the abundance of green algae (i.e., decreases through time at the decommissioned outfalls). Assemblages at control outfalls never clustered with their reference loca- tions. At midshore levels, no pattern was observed at any sampling date. Furthermore, at the first time of sampling, the number of species was not smaller at the outfalls than at reference locations. These results suggest that sewage outfalls have little impact on the number of midshore species. The results of univariate analysis were similar to those from multivariate analyses. Assemblages of spe- cies in low-shore areas at the decommissioned outfalls were different from those at reference loca- tions at the first sampling date, but became more similar by the last sampling date. Some exceptions were observed at the site closest to the point of discharge. Again no differences in abundances of organisms were observed at any time for any outfall. The results showed a recovery of the benthic assemblages in the low-intertidal zone after the closure of 2 sewage outfalls. Furthermore, this study supports the importance of using more than 1 reference and control areas to measure recovery of a site without ambiguity.
Growth Variation in a Naturally Established Population of Pinus Sylvestris

We studied the variation in growth of individual trees in a population of Pinus sylvestris near Zurich in relation to tree age, size, and local competition. This pop- ulation established naturally when the drainage pattern in a peat bog was altered after the Second World War. An unusual opportunity to study stand development was afforded when the trees were harvested in 1987 as part of a restoration program. All tree stumps were mapped, and growth since establishment was measured as cross-sectional area of wood in 5-yr intervals, using disks from the base of each tree. The distribution of cross-sectional area was lognormal over most of the period of growth. Size at the beginning of a time interval was the primary determinant of individual growth during that interval, but age and local competition also had significant effects. Younger, smaller trees were better fitted by an exponential growth model, whereas older, larger trees were better fitted by a Gompertz (sigmoidal) model. Some of the results were very different from previous studies: (1) The spatial distribution of trees was not significantly different from random. (2) Size variability decreased during the course of stand development, even though there was no self-thinning. This was because (3) the density of natural establishment was low, and competition, although clearly detectable, was still relatively weak and sym- metric after 45 yr of stand development. Thus, there was no "initial advantage" in com- petition, and the younger trees, which were still growing exponentially, were able to catch up with the older trees, whose relative growth rates were declining.
A Theory of Habitat Selection

A graphical theory of habitat selection is built in steps. The theory treats two species in an environment with two usable patch types in a matrix of unusable space. The first step assumes habitat selection is density independent and free of search costs. The second assumes density independence, and the third assumes neither. The first two steps produce results already known from earlier theories. The third, however, requires a new analytical device, the isoleg, which is a line in a two—dimensional—state space of the two species' densities. An isoleg is a set of points in such a density space, such that on one side of the set, individuals of a species optimize their foraging by being strict habitat selectors, whereas on the other side, they do so by using at least a bit of a poorer patch. The population dynamics of the competitors is analyzed using their isolegs. The isolegs allow us to deduce that the zero isoclines of the species are warped into nonlinear forms capable of producing competitive coexistence. It is shown that at the equilibrium point of this coexistence, there may be no overt competition remaining. The difficulties this presents to the field investigator are mentioned, and a modified definition of interspecific competition is suggested.
Compliance with disease surveillance and notification by private health providers in South-West Nigeria

Introduction Private health facilities are important contributors to health service delivery across several low and middle income countries. In Nigeria, they make up 33% of the health facilities, account for more than 70% of healthcare spending and over 60% of healthcare contacts are estimated to take place within them However, their level of participation in the disease surveillance system has been questioned. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 507 private health facilities in South-West Nigeria to investigate the level of compliance with disease surveillance reporting and the factors that affect their participation. Results We found only 40% of the private health facilities to be complying with routine disease surveillance reporting which ranged from 17% to 60% across the six states in the region. Thirty-four percent of the private health facilities had the requisite data collection tools, 49% had designated professionals assigned to health records management and only 7% of the clinicians could properly identify the three data collection tools for disease surveillance. Some important factors such as awareness of a law on disease surveillance (OR=1.55 95% CI=1.08-2.24), availability of reporting tools (OR=13.69, 95% CI=8.85-21.62), availability of a designated health records officer (OR=3.9, 95% CI=2.68-5.73), and health records officers (OR=10.51, 95%CI=2.86-67.70) and clinicians (OR=2.49, 95% CI=1.22-5.25) with knowledge of disease surveillance system were important predictive factors to compliance with disease surveillance participation. Conclusion Private health facilities are poorly compliant with disease surveillance in Nigeria resulting in missed opportunities for prompt identification and response to threats of infectious disease outbreaks.
Extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from ramie fiber by sulphuric acid hydrolysis

Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC) is a nano-sized material produced by the removal of amorphous regions on cellulose fibers through acid hydrolysis. In recent years, NCC has gained increasing attention because it has superior properties such as high strength, high modulus, high surface area and biocompatible. In the present study, sulphuric acid hydrolysis with different concentrations was carried out to produce NCC. The effect of sulphuric acid concentration on the characteristics of NCC was investigated in this work. The cellulose was isolated from the ramie fibers (Boehmeria Nivea) through some chemical treatments including de-waxing in soxhlet apparatus, bleaching, and alkali treatments. NCC was extracted from isolated cellulose with sulphuric acid hydrolysis. The sulphuric acid concentrations was varied by 41, 44, 47, and 50%. The characterization of NCC were conducted through Fourier Transform Infrared Ray (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results show that the shorter length of NCC was found with increasing higher sulphuric acid concentration. However, the crystallinity was decreased at higher sulphruric acid concentration. Based on the XRD analysis, the highest crystallinity index (90.7%) was obtained at the sulphuric acid concentration of 41%.
Mapping Maize Cultivated Area Combining MODIS EVI Time Series and the Spatial Variations of Phenology over Huanghuaihai Plain

Crop phenology is a significant factor that affects the precision of crop area extraction by using the multi-temporal vegetation indices (VIs) approach. Considering the phenological differences of maize among the different regions, the summer maize cultivated area was estimated by using enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over the Huanghuaihai Plain in China. By analyzing the temporal shift in summer maize calendars, linear regression equations for simulating the summer maize phenology were obtained. The simulated maize phenology was used to correct the MODIS EVI time series curve of summer maize. Combining the mean absolute distance (MAD) and p-tile algorithm, the cultivated areas of summer maize were distinguished over the Hunaghuaihai Plain. The accuracy of the extraction results in each province was above 85%. Comparing the maize area of two groups from MODIS-estimated and statistical data, the validation results showed that the R2 reached 0.81 at the city level and 0.69 at the county level. It demonstrated that the approach in this study has the ability to effectively map the summer maize area over a large scale and provides a novel idea for estimating the planting area of other crops.