Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptation and Phenotype Varieties of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Linn. Moench) at Different Altitude

Sorghum is one of the main candidates for bioethanol feedstock. It is easy to cultivate and adapt to various land and altitude criteria but often developed in low land. The study aims to utilize land based on the altitude for the development of several varieties. An experiment was conducted on three different sites: dry land of a forest area with an elevation of 63 m above sea level (asl), on dry land with an elevation of 800 m asl, and on dry land with a height of 67 m asl. The interaction effect of both varieties and mycorrhizal towards adaptation and phenotypic appearance was evaluated. Factorial experiments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design, consisting of varieties and doses of biological fertilizers. The varieties used were Suri-3, Suri-4, Kawali, and Super-2, and doses of biofertilizer were (5, 10, 15) g per plant. In all research locations, the interaction between varieties and doses of biofertilizer only significantly affected the number of internodes. At 67 m asl, the interaction affects the plant height, stem FW, leaf FW, and panicle length. Suri-3 and Super-2 showed the best response on the doses of 5 g per plant, while Suri-4 did on 15 g per plant. Kawali adapts well at 800 m asl and 67 m asl. Kawali achieved the highest panicle length and seed FW at 800 m asl, respectively 34.39 cm and 81.17 g. Super-2 has the best adaptation and phenotype at 63 m asl, with the maximum plant height of 301.28 cm. Keywords—altitude; dryland; mycorrhiza; phenotype; sorghum.
How Does Financial‐Reporting Regulation Affect Industry‐Wide Resource Allocation?

This paper examines the impact of mandatory reporting and auditing of firms’ financial statements on industry‐wide resource allocation. Using threshold‐induced variation in the share of mandated firms in a given industry, I document that reporting mandates facilitate ownership dispersion in capital markets and spur competition in product markets. I, however, do not find that reporting mandates unambiguously improve the efficiency of industry‐wide resource allocation. With respect to auditing mandates, I find only that they impose a fixed cost on firms, deterring smaller entrants.
Pathological Changes in the Liver of Albino Rats Fed Raw or Processed Sickle Pod ( Senna obtusifolia ) Seed Meal Based-Diets

A feeding trial was conducted for thirty (30) days to investigate the effects of feeding processed Senna obtusifolia seed meal (SOSM) based-diets on the physical appearance and condition of liver of albino rats. Five experimental diets were compounded to contain 0% SOSM and 20% each of the raw, toasted, boiled and fermented SOSM based-diets. Sixty (60) young albino rats with initial average weight of 72.67 g were randomly allotted to the five dietary treatments in a complete randomized designed with three replicates of four rats each. At the end of the thirty (30) days, three (3) albino rats were randomly selected, sacrificed and their livers carefully removed and examined. The result indicated that albino rats fed raw SOSM based-diet showed some forms of liver injuries (dark colour, inflammation and dark spots) on the liver while mild signs of liver injuries (slightly dark colouration and few spots) were observed on the livers of albino rats fed the toasted and boiled SOSM based-diets. The livers of albino rats fed 0% SOSM and 20% fermented SOSM based-diet were observed to be in normal condition. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that incorporation of 20% fermented SOSM in the diets of albino rats had little or no deleterious effects on the liver of albino rat and is therefore recommended for feeding of albino rats. [Augustine, C. , Ardo, M.U. , Ahmed, S. , Nyalas, B.P Katsala, J.A. , Maspalma, A.J., Umar, M. , Yusuf, J Garba, Y.M. and Shall, M.P. Pathological Changes in the Liver of Albino Rats Fed Raw or Processed Sickle Pod (Senna obtusifolia) Seed Meal Based-Diets. J Am Sci 2020;16(9):74-76]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas160920.05.
Spin Liquid Ground State in the Frustrated $J_1$-$J_2$ Zigzag Chain System BaTb$_2$O$_4$

We have investigated polycrystalline samples of the zigzag chain system BaTb$_2$O$_4$ with a combination of magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, neutron powder diffraction, and muon spin relaxation measurements. Despite the onset of Tb$^{3+}$ short-range antiferromagnetic correlations at $|\theta_{CW}|$ $=$ 18.5 K and a very large effective moment, our combined measurements indicate that BaTb$_2$O$_4$ remains paramagnetic down to 0.095 K. The magnetic properties of this material show striking similarities to the pyrochlore antiferromagnet Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$, and therefore we propose that BaTb$_2$O$_4$ is a new large moment spin liquid candidate.
Abstract Performance and economics of production of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of sorghum sprout waste meal-based diets

Performance and economics of production of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of sorghum sprout waste meal-based diets *Olajide, R. , Azeez, A.F. and Alofe, M.T. Department of Animal Science and Production Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, P.M. B. 5006, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: rotbos97@yahoo.com; rolajide@jabu.edu. ng; +2348035199681 The effect of feeding varying dietary levels of sorghum sprout waste (SS) as substitutes for maize on performance, carcass and blood indices of rabbits was investigated. Thirty growing rabbits of nine weeks of age were allocated to 5 dietary treatments of 6 rabbits per replicate in a Complete Randomized Design experiment which lasted 56 days. The diets were formulated with 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% SS as substitutes weight for weight in place of maize. Results show that daily feed intake, cost per kg feed, cost of feed per kg weight gain, carcass, organs, most serological and haematological indices investigated were significantly (p< 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The trends obtained in these parameters across the treatments were not definite and not depict adverse effects on the experimental rabbits. The highest (p< 0.05) total protein, albumin, packed cell volume, red blood cells and haemoglobin values were obtained in the experimental rabbits fed 100% SS-based diets. Cost/kg feed reduced (p< 0.05) from N69.07 (€0.32), N63.95 (€0.30), N62.88 (€0.29), N59.77 (€0.28) and N55.11 (€0.25) ; and cost of feed/ kg live weight from N582.84 (€2.69), N509.04 (€2.35), N445.30 (€2.06), N433.12 (€2.00) and N403.68 (€1.86) respectively for rabbits fed 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% SS. Substitution of maize with 100% SS gave the cheapest cost of production of a kg live weight of rabbits with no deleterious effects on carcass and health depicted by normal serological and haematological values; and could be adopted by rabbits farmers to alleviate the problem of high cost of maize. Introduction Animal protein is very essential in human nutrition and there has not been perfect substitute for it. High cost of animal protein sources in Nigeria and most of the developing countries of the world has limited the consumption. Atsu (2002) explained that the animal protein content of most Nigerians was very low and has reached a crisis level. Amagbade (2006) reported that the animal protein consumption of Nigerians is below 10% of W o r l d H e a l t h O r g a n i z a t i o n recommendat ion . High cos t of conventional feed ingredients particularly maize is an important contributory factor. This calls for the use of unconventional
The Impact of Dividend Policy on the Shareholders Value of Listed Firms in the Nigerian Petroleum Marketing Industry

Dividend policy is directed towards establishing the proportion of current income that should be retained in the firm and the proportion that should be distributed among its shareholders. This study, therefore, assessed the impact of dividend policy on the value of listed firms in the Nigerian petroleum marketing industry. six firms, out of eight that are quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were selected as sample for the study. Data were collected from secondary sources. Annual reports and accounts of the selected firms, daily official lists and facts books of the NSE for the period of 2008-2017 form the source of the data. egression was used in analyzing the data. The findings revealed that payment of dividend by petroleum marketing firms in Nigeria positively influence the market price of their shares. Based on these findings, the study concluded that dividend policy of petroleum marketing firms in Nigeria affects the value of the firms. Based on this conclusion, the study recommends that management need to identify the shareholder’s interest in setting up a dividend policy that would balance their needs and retention for recapitalization to maximize value of the firms.
Effect of Fermentation by Rhizopus oligosporus or Amylomyces rouxii on In-Vitro Starch and Protein Digestibility of Decorticated Red Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

Solid substrate fermentation of cooked decorticated red sorghum was carried out by using mould Rhizopus oligosporus or Amylomyces rouxii. This study aims to investigate the growth of mould biomass by determining glucosamine and investigating the effects of fermentation on the changes in proximate composition, pH and total titratable acidity, and in-vitro starch and protein digestibility. Red sorghum was decorticated using a carborundrum discs to remove the bran. Decorticated sorghum was soaked in water (12 h for R. oligosporus and 1 h for A. rouxii fermentation), heated up to 90C for 30 min, steamed for 30 min, and sterilized at 121C for 20 min). Fifty g of sterile sorghum was inoculated with R. oligosporus (6.10 spore/g substrate) or A. rouxii spores (2.10 spore/g substrate) then incubated at 30C. Samples were taken at 0, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h for R. oligosporus fermentation and 0, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 h for A. rouxii fermentation. The results indicated that glucosamine content of fermented sorghum by R. oligosporus and A. rouxii were 4.49 and 11.72 mg/g dry matter at the end of fermentation, respectively. R. oligosporus hydrolyzed up to 11.4% of initial starch and 63.4% by. A. rouxii. There were more protein and fat losses in R. oligosporus fermentation than A. rouxii. Both fermentations produced acid and lowered pH to about 3.0, but pH went up to 4.0 at the end of R. oligosporus fermentation. Mould fermentation improved in-vitro starch digestibility, in A. rouxii it went up from 31.3% to 37.9% and down again to 11.4% at the end of fermentation. In R. oligosporus fermentation, it went up to 35.4%. In-vitro protein digestibility went up from about 35.0% to 37.0% and to 51.8% by R. oligosporus and A. rouxii fermentation, respectively. Keywords— red sorghum; fermentation; Rhizopus oligosporus; Amylomyces rouxii; starch digestibility; protein digestibility.
Farsi Font Detection using the Adaptive RKEM-SURF Algorithm

Farsi font detection is considered as the first stage in the Farsi optical character recognition (FOCR) of scanned printed texts. To this aim, this paper proposes an improved version of the speeded-up robust features (SURF) algorithm, as the feature detector in the font recognition process. The SURF algorithm suffers from creation of several redundant features during the detection phase. Thus, the presented version employs the redundant keypoint elimination method (RKEM) to enhance the matching performance of the SURF by reducing unnecessary keypoints. Although the performance of the RKEM is acceptable in this task, it exploits a fixed experimental threshold value which has a detrimental impact on the results. In this paper, an Adaptive RKEM is proposed for the SURF algorithm which considers image type and distortion, when adjusting the threshold value. Then, this improved version is applied to recognize Farsi fonts in texts. To do this, the proposed Adaptive RKEM-SURF detects the keypoints and then SURF is used as the descriptor for the features. Finally, the matching process is done using the nearest neighbor distance ratio. The proposed approach is compared with recently published algorithms for FOCR to confirm its superiority. This method has the capability to be generalized to other languages such as Arabic and English.
Vitamin C biochemistry: From scurvy to COVID-19 treatment

The story of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) as an antioxidant and a cofactor in numerous biochemical reactions is a part of its long history and it is well known today. However, many questions of its mechanism of action and the benefits that it has on human health are still emerging. This applies not only to the recommended doses but also to the route of its administration. Besides, there are numerous questions about the therapeutic efficacy of vitamin C in various human (infectious) diseases, as well as its immune system function and antiviral potential. The fact that vitamin C can act as a reductant (antioxidant) and a prooxidant further emphasizes its oxidation-reduction (redox) potential in real physiological conditions. Today, the question of the intravenous administration of vitamin C effect in patients with SARS-CoV-2 requires special attention. This review aims to showcase known facts about vitamin C and its mechanisms of action to better understand the current new challenges related to vitamin C.
Use of mid-upper arm circumference and arm-to-height ratio to estimate overweight and obesity among girls aged 5-14 years

Please cite this article as: Shreyasi Roy and Prof. Jaydip Sen, Use of mid-upper arm circumference and arm-to-height ratio to estimate overweight and obesity among girls aged 5-14 years. Antrocom J. of Anthropology 16-2 (2020) pp. 283-291. Shreyasi Roy and Prof. Jaydip Sen Department of Anthropology, University of North Bengal, NBU Campus, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling-734 013, West Bengal, India. Use of mid-upper arm circumference and arm-to-height ratio to estimate overweight and obesity among girls aged 5-14 years
Growth, haematology and serum biochemistry of albino rat fed diet containing raw and thermally processed Loofah Gourd (Luffa cylindrica Roem) seed meals

The competition for food and feed arising from scarcity of conventional livestock feedstuff has resulted into search for novel feedstuff that is currently not being utilized as food by man. Thus, the present study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional potential of thermally processed loofah gourds seed in rats was evaluated in a 21-day completely randomized design feeding trials. Forty-eight Wistar strain male albino rats of 46.57±0.55g were allotted to four dietary treatments (T1–raw, T2–boiled, T3–cooked and T4–toasted) loofah gourd seed meal (LGSM) with three replicates each. Data collected included feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass characteristics. Haematological and serological variables were determined using standard laboratory procedures. Results revealed that thermal processing significantly (P<0.05) reduced FI by 9–13%. Rats fed toasted LGSM had significantly (P<0.05) highest (7.55) weight gain and best (2.31) FCR while rats fed cooked LGSM had significantly (P<0.05) lowest (4.58) WG and worst (3.96) FCR. Dressing percentage, kidney and abdominal fat and serum biochemistry indices were significantly (P<0.05) affected by thermal processing. The study showed that thermal processing of LGSM enhanced growth performance and had no adverse effect on the haematology and serum biochemistry of albino rats.
Evaluating the merits of climate smart technologies under smallholder agriculture in Malawi

The merits of three climate smart agriculture (CSA) technologies implemented by farmers were assessed in Machinga district of Malawi with respect to their soil quality and maize yield effects. Data were collected from farms implementing the three CSA technologies, namely conservation agriculture (CA), maize–pigeonpea (Maize‐PP) intercrops and a local organic and inorganic soil amendment known as Mbeya fertilization (Mbeya‐fert), from 2018 to 2019. With respect to resilience and adaptation, particulate organic matter, soil organic carbon (SOC), N, P, K, Ca and Mg all significantly improved while bulk densities were lowered under the three CSA systems. Higher annual biomass inputs and improved water infiltration from the Maize‐PP intercrops were observed. With respect to productivity, CA and Mbeya‐fert improved maize yields by 51 and 19%, respectively, compared to conventional farmer practices. With regard to climate change mitigation, increases in measured SOC in the top 20 cm depth compared to the conventional farmer practices amounted to 6.5, 12 and 10.5 t C ha−1 for CA, Mbeya‐fert, and Maize‐PP intercrops, respectively, over a period of 2–6 years. This suggests higher potential for carbon sequestration from CSA technologies. Furthermore, use of drought tolerant varieties, timely weeding and optimum plant populations, increased productivity. Improved gross margins from CSA practices were also apparent. Thus, employing these CSA technologies could enable farmers to be more resilient, productive and adapt better to climate change shocks leading to improved food security and livelihoods.
Articulatory Evaluation Of Lingua Palatal Sounds In Denture Wearers – Pre And Post Comparison

Speech is an autonomous and unconscious activity. Its production involves a combination of phonation and articulation. Thus the aim of the study is to evaluate and compare linguo palatal sounds /ţ/, /d/, /tᶴ^/and /ᶴ^/ in three different groups like Group A individual with conventional complete dentures without palatine rugae, group B individual with conventional complete dentures with palatine rugae and Group C normal dentition individuals. A total of 20 individuals completely edentulous were selected in the age range of 50 to 65 years for the study. Control group consisted of10 individuals, with complete natural dentition in the same age group.4 Linguo-palatal phonemes in Kannada like /ţ/, /d/, /tᶴ^/and /ᶴ^/ were considered for the study and the target phonemes were identified in the initial and medial position of words of Kannada Articulation Test. The speech samples with target phonemes were analysed perceptually and acoustically by SLP software. Spectral parameters and temporal parameters were better in with palatal rugae denture than compared to without palatal rugae. Perceptual analysis reports showed many substitution errors with a conventional denture. To summarize, with customized rugae denture speech was clearer. To conclude, speech characteristic will be better after denture insertion compared to the edentulous stage.
Effect of Aging, Scarifcation and Pre Sowing Treatments on Seed Germination and Its Parameters in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

The present investigation was conducted under greenhouse condition with an aim to study the effect of pre sowing treatments like aging [A1 (8 months old seeds) and A2 (new seeds)], scarification [S1 (manual scarification with sandpaper) and S2 (ultrasonic sound)] and different treatments [T1 (GA3 100 ppm), T2 (GA3 300 ppm), T3 (KNO3 at 2%), T4 (cow dung for 24 hours), T5 (cow dung for 48 hours), T6 (ethrel 100 ppm) and T7 (control)] on seed germination and its parameters in sandalwood. But aging factor was not considered as the number of germinated seeds is observed to be very less. The results indicated that 8 months old seeds had poor germination because of loss of viability. Observations viz., germination per cent (%), time taken for initiation of germination (TTIG), time taken for completion of germination (TTCG), speed of germination, mean weekly germination, root length of seedling (cm), shoot length of seedlings (cm), seedling length (cm), collar diameter (mm), seedling fresh weight (mg), seedling dry weight (mg), seedling vigour index (length) and seedling vigour index (mass) were analyzed by completely randomize design (factorial) in three repetitions. Manual scarification with sandpaper (S1) produced significantly the earliest seed emergence and also resulted superior response in all the observations. Among different treatments GA3 300 ppm (T2) was best for 9 observations out of 13 observations. The treatment combination S1T2 (manual scarification with sandpaper treated with GA3 @ 300 ppm) noted the earliest seed emergence and relatively the maximum germination percent.
THE EFFECT OF LEVELS OF ZEOLITE, PHOSPHOROUS AND SULFUR ON AVAILABILITY AND RELEASE OF PHOSPHOROUS IN SOIL

A field experiment was conducted at the field of the college of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, to study the effect of levels of zeolite, sulfur, and phosphorous, and the interactions on availability phosphorous in the soil, during the 2019-2020 agricultural season, by Randomized complete Block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The experiment contains three factors, the first factor included two levels of zeolite added in volume 0 and 3%, the second factor were three levels of agricultural sulfur 0, 150 and 300 kg S ha, and third factor were three levels of phosphorus were 0, 60 and 120 kg P ha. The land was divided into plots with three blocks, the area of the experimental unit was 2×2 m , the experimental unit included 8 lines with a length of 2 m, the distance between one line and another was 20 cm, the distance was left 75 cm between one replicate and another. The seeds of wheat were planted with IBA cultivar on 11/18/2019 at the lines. The results indicated that the addition of zeolite had a significant effect in increasing the amount of availability phosphorus in the soil after 45 days of planting, its average highest was 30.9 mg P ha. The binary interactions between phosphorous, sulfur, phosphorous, and zeolite have a significant effect in increasing the amount of availability phosphorous in the soil, the highest mean achieved of 45.3 and 43.9 mg P kg soil for treatments S1P2 and Z0P1, respectively, for 15 days of planting, and 38.0 and 38.5 mg p kg soil for Z2P2 and S0P2 treatments, respectively, for 30 days of planting. The triple interaction was significantly affected, the treatment Z0P2S2 was the highest average of availability phosphorous in the soil after 15 days of planting, which was 49.7 mg P kg soil. Zeolite, sulfur, and phosphorous levels and their interactions affected the amount of release phosphorus during plant growth periods (15-90 days). The Eelovich Equation surpassed the first-order equation, explaining and describing the mechanics and speed of release phosphorous in soil, gave the coefficient of release phosphorous velocity (Kd), ranged between 0.1240-0.2956. The highest coefficient, correlation (r), of 0.9879. The treatments S2P1 and S2P2 achieved the highest amount of freely combined phosphorous, the amount of 10.32 and 10.22 mg. P kg soil.
Effect of boundary factor and material property on single square honeycomb sandwich panel subjected to quasi-static compression loading

1 Structural Performance Materials Engineering Focus Group, Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia Phone: +60172667860; Fax: +6094246222 2 School of Mechanical En gineering, Ningxia University, 750021 Yinchuan, China 3 School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China 4 School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong