Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined Omics Approaches Reveal Distinct Mechanisms of Resistance and/or Susceptibility in Sugar Beet Double Haploid Genotypes at Early Stages of Beet Curly Top Virus Infection

Sugar beet is susceptible to Beet curly top virus (BCTV), which significantly reduces yield and sugar production in the semi-arid growing regions worldwide. Sources of genetic resistance to BCTV is limited and control depends upon insecticide seed treatments with neonicotinoids. Through double haploid production and genetic selection, BCTV resistant breeding lines have been developed. Using BCTV resistant (R) [KDH13; Line 13 and KDH4-9; Line 4] and susceptible (S) [KDH19-17; Line 19] lines, beet leafhopper mediated natural infection, mRNA/sRNA sequencing, and metabolite analyses, potential mechanisms of resistance against the virus and vector were identified. At early infection stages (2- and 6-days post inoculation), examples of differentially expressed genes highly up-regulated in the ‘R’ lines (vs. ‘S’) included EL10Ac5g10437 (inhibitor of trypsin and hageman factor), EL10Ac6g14635 (jasmonate-induced protein), EL10Ac3g06016 (ribosome related), EL10Ac2g02812 (probable prolyl 4-hydroxylase 10), etc. Pathway enrichment analysis showed differentially expressed genes were predominantly involved with peroxisome, amino acids metabolism, fatty acid degradation, amino/nucleotide sugar metabolism, etc. Metabolite analysis revealed significantly higher amounts of specific isoflavonoid O-glycosides, flavonoid 8-C glycosides, triterpenoid, and iridoid-O-glycosides in the leaves of the ‘R’ lines (vs. ‘S’). These data suggest that a combination of transcriptional regulation and production of putative antiviral metabolites might contribute to BCTV resistance. In addition, genome divergence among BCTV strains differentially affects the production of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and small peptides which may potentially affect pathogenicity and disease symptom development.
PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF DIFFERENT CROP ESTABLISHMENT METHODS FOR CULTIVATION OF RABI RICE IN WESTERN ORISSA

A field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2004-05 and 2005-06 to study sustainability of different crop establishment methods on growth and yield of transplanted rabi rice. Among the six crop establishment methods raising rice crop by system of rice intensification method (SRI) resulted in significantly higher grain yield (6.09 t/ha) with better expression of yield attributes. Growing rice crop by system of rice intensification method recorded significantly higher number of panicles, panicle weight and filled spikelets panicle/m.
Subduction initiation in the Neo‐Tethys: constraints from counterclockwise P–T paths in amphibolite rocks of the Nagaland Ophiolite Complex, India

High‐P metamorphic rocks that are formed at the onset of oceanic subduction usually record a single cycle of subduction and exhumation along counterclockwise (CCW) P–T paths. Conceptual and thermo‐mechanical models, however, predict multiple burial–exhumation cycles, but direct observations of these from natural rocks are rare. In this study, we provide a new insight into this complexity of subduction channel dynamics from a fragment of Middle‐Late Jurassic Neo‐Tethys in the Nagaland Ophiolite Complex, northeastern India. Based on integrated textural, mineral compositional, metamorphic reaction history and geothermobarometric studies of a medium‐grade amphibolite tectonic unit within a serpentinite mélange, we establish two overprinting metamorphic cycles (M1–M2). These cycles with CCW P–T trajectories are part of a single tectonothermal event. We relate the M1 metamorphic sequence to prograde burial and heating through greenschist and epidote blueschist facies to peak metamorphism, transitional between amphibolite and hornblende‐eclogite facies at 13.8 ± 2.6 kbar, 625 ± 45 °C (error 2σ values) and subsequent cooling and partial exhumation to greenschist facies. The M2 metamorphic cycle reflects epidote blueschist facies prograde re‐burial of the partially exhumed M1 cycle rocks to peak metamorphism at 14.4 ± 2 kbar, 540 ± 35 °C and their final exhumation to greenschist facies along a relatively cooler exhumation path. We interpret the M1 metamorphism as the first evidence for initiation of subduction of the Neo‐Tethys from the eastern segment of the Indus‐Tsangpo suture zone. Reburial and final exhumation during M2 are explained in terms of material transport in a large‐scale convective circulation system in the subduction channel as the latter evolves from a warm nascent to a cold and more mature stage of subduction. This Neo‐Tethys example suggests that multiple burial and exhumation cycles involving the first subducted oceanic crust may be more common than presently known.
Evaluation of Awareness and Performance of Parents of Children with Cancer Regarding Oral and Dental Health

Background: Studies have shown the high prevalence of dental caries among children with cancer. Since parents’ awareness affects their children’s oral and dental health, this study was conducted to investigate the awareness and performance of parents of children with cancer regarding oral and dental health. Methods: This descriptive-analytical epidemiological study was conducted on the parents of 3-13-year-old normal (n = 110) and cancer-case (n = 110) children in Ahvaz, Iran, during the fall of 2022. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis were utilized to investigate the relationship between awareness and performance. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24, and the significance level was P < 0.05. Results: Parents of normal children were more aware of oral and dental hygiene, but it is not statistically significant (P-value = 0.313 < 0.05). The results related to measuring parental performance showed that parents of normal children have a higher performance level than parents of cancer children, which is significant (P-value = 0.000 < 0.05). Conclusions: The awareness and performance of parents of children with cancer regarding their children’s oral and dental health were insufficient. Therefore, parents’ information should be increased in various ways, and children should be referred to a dentist based on a regular plan for preventive and therapeutic goals.
Effects of high-intensity training on glycemic metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: With the exponential increase in hours of exposure in sedentary behavior, associated with greater availability of pre-prepared foods, there is an incidence and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: This review was to analyze the possible effects of high-intensity training on the glycemic metabolism in Type 2 Diabetics in the last 10 years. Methods: Searches were carried out between February and April 2022 in the following databases: National Library Of Medicine (PUBMED), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElO), Latin American Literature and of the Caribbean in Health Sciences (LILACS), using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH), together with the relevant Entry Terms and Boolean operators (AND and OR). The search key was built using the PICOS strategy (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome and Type of Study). Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials; population aged ≤ 65 years and diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; high-intensity exercise as an intervention; glycemia as one of the outcomes; published in English, Spanish and/or Portuguese between 2012 and 2022 and available in full text. Results: After the searches, 85 scientific articles were identified. Of these, 7 studies were selected because they met the proposed objective and criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 7-52 participants, with a mean of 24.17 ± 12.33. All studies were conducted with adults. With regard to the period of intervention, it was observed that high-intensity training was performed from a single session to 12 weeks, at a frequency of up to three times a week. Conclusion: Studies have shown that after performing high-intensity training, there were significant reductions in glycemic values. Despite high-intensity training having contributed significantly to reducing glycemic values, the results of this systematic review must be interpreted with caution, due to the small number of articles included and their respective methodological limitations.
Reconstructing the complex colonisation histories of lizards across Mediterranean archipelagos

The Mediterranean Basin is a global biodiversity hotspot and has one of the longest histories of human–biota interactions. Islands host a large fraction of Mediterranean diversity and endemism, but the relative importance of natural versus human‐mediated colonisation processes in shaping the distribution and genetic structure of Mediterranean island fauna remains poorly understood. Here, we combine population genomics, demographic models and palaeoshoreline reconstructions to establish the island‐colonisation dynamics of wall lizards in Mediterranean archipelagos.
Landscape‐scale modeling of carbon cycling under the impact of soil redistribution: The role of tillage erosion

Despite its global significance, soil‐atmosphere carbon (C) exchange under the impact of soil redistribution remains an unquantified component of the global C budget. Here we use radionuclide and soil organic carbon (SOC) data for two agricultural fields in Europe to undertake a spatial analysis of sediment and SOC fate during erosion and deposition in agricultural uplands. C fluxes induced by soil redistribution are quantified by incorporating C dynamics in a spatially distributed model including both water‐ and tillage‐induced soil redistribution (SPEROS‐C). The SOC patterns predicted by SPEROS‐C are in good agreement with field observations and show that in upland areas, tillage erosion and deposition exerts a large influence on SOC redistribution and soil profile evolution at a timescale of a few decades. The formation of new SOC at eroding sites and the burial of eroded SOC below plough depth provide an important mechanism for C sequestration on sloping arable land in the order of 3–10 g C m−2 yr−1. Any attempt to manage agricultural land to maximize sequestration must fully account for erosion, burial and fate of eroded and buried SOC across the landscape and must also account for the correlation between tillage and erosion.
TESTING ANALOGICAL TAPHONOMIC SIGNATURES IN BONE BREAKING: A COMPARISON BETWEEN HAMMERSTONE-BROKEN EQUID AND BOVID BONES

Current analogical data used to infer prehistoric human bone breakage rely on a plethora of experimental hammerstone-broken bovid bone sets. Several criteria have been argued to be diagnostic of bone breakage by humans, among which the most important are: a specific range of broken specimens bearing percussion marks, a specific distribution of different percussion mark types, metric properties of notches, differential notch type distribution, and the angle of oblique breakage planes. The present work shows that those properties derived from the breakage of bovid bones cannot be universally applied to all types of animals. As an example, here it is experimentally demonstrated that hammerstone-broken equid bones (with different thickness and structural properties compared to bovid bones) show different values in all these variables and some of them overlap with criteria documented in bones broken by static loading. This suggests that the agents of equid bone breakage are more difficult to identify, and that the number of variables that can be successfully used to that end is smaller than in bovid bones.
Large changes in the hydrographic structure of the Bay of Biscay after the extreme mixing of winter 2005

The extremely cold and dry winter of 2005 in southwestern Europe caused a profound transformation of the upper ocean hydrographic structure of the Bay of Biscay area, making it completely different from the previous decade. The strong local winter cooling resulted in the highest density flux estimated since the 1960s. The extreme buoyancy loss triggered the mixed layer to reach unprecedented depths affecting directly the level of local modal waters that are usually unconnected to air-sea interaction. The water column just below the climatological average mixed layer entered in a process of quick cooling that compensated in 2 years the 0.5°C gained in the period 1994–2004. Enhanced by a pronounced precipitation deficit the event caused concurrently a downward salt injection that made deeper levels of East North Atlantic Central Water begin a process of warming by isopycnal change, something never observed during the 1990s. As an overall result, the stratification of the upper permanent thermocline was dramatically reduced. The observed cold low stratification anomaly had a substantial spatial extent and remained for 2 years below the seasonal thermocline development, constituting a typical case of the reemergence mechanism, but was abruptly interrupted in the warmest winter on record of 2007. In addition to the hydrographic changes, the winter 2005 event had a notable effect on the marine ecosystem.
Fertilization of Microbial Composts: A Technology for Improving Stress Resilience in Plants

Microbial compost plays a crucial role in improving soil health, soil fertility, and plant biomass. These biofertilizers, based on microorganisms, offer numerous benefits such as enhanced nutrient acquisition (N, P, and K), production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and control of pathogens through induced systematic resistance. Additionally, they promote the production of phytohormones, siderophore, vitamins, protective enzymes, and antibiotics, further contributing to soil sustainability and optimal agricultural productivity. The escalating generation of organic waste from farm operations poses significant threats to the environment and soil fertility. Simultaneously, the excessive utilization of chemical fertilizers to achieve high crop yields results in detrimental impacts on soil structure and fertility. To address these challenges, a sustainable agriculture system that ensures enhanced soil fertility and minimal ecological impact is imperative. Microbial composts, developed by incorporating characterized plant-growth-promoting bacteria or fungal strains into compost derived from agricultural waste, offer a promising solution. These biofertilizers, with selected microbial strains capable of thriving in compost, offer an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative for agricultural practices. In this review article, we explore the potential of microbial composts as a viable strategy for improving plant growth and environmental safety. By harnessing the benefits of microorganisms in compost, we can pave the way for sustainable agriculture and foster a healthier relationship between soil, plants, and the environment.
On the Influence of Stratification and Continental Shelf and Slope Topography on the Dispersion of Subinertial Coastally Trapped Waves

Abstract The behavior of subinertial, coastally trapped free waves in a continuously stratified ocean is examined using a two-slope topography in which the continental shelf and slope are each represented by a single uniform slope. Surface-intensified stratification is assumed in which the squared buoyancy frequency profile is of the form N2eβz, where N is the buoyancy frequency at the surface (z = 0) and β the vertical decay scale normalized by the deep-sea depth. The continental slope is typically assumed to be steeper than the shelf. Two qualitatively different types of dispersive behavior are distinguished. When (N/f)a2>eβh/2, where f is the Coriolis parameter, a2 the bottom slope of the continental slope, and h the shelf-break depth normalized by the deep-sea depth, then free waves may occur at any subinertial frequency, and each dispersion curve rises to f at some finite alongshore wavenumber (as in the case of baroclinic Kelvin waves). If (N/f)a2
Retrievals of aerosol single‐scattering albedo and effective aerosol layer height for biomass‐burning smoke: Synergy derived from “A‐Train” sensors

In this paper, we present results from a new algorithm which provides aerosol layer height (ALH) as well as single‐scattering albedo (SSA) for biomass‐burning smoke aerosols by merging measurements from three of the “A‐Train” satellite sensors: MODIS, OMI, and CALIOP. This algorithm has been applied successfully to biomass burning episodes over North America and Southeast Asia, and the corresponding SSA retrievals show good agreement with those from the AERONET. Furthermore, by combining ALH information from CALIOP with the retrieved SSA, extended information of ALH over wide areas can be obtained outside the CALIPSO track. Even when CALIPSO data are not available, this algorithm will still allow for the separation of aerosols residing within the boundary layer from those elevated in the free troposphere by combining only MODIS and OMI data. Results from this study will provide a better understanding of the height of smoke layers generated from biomass burning and thus improve aerosol models and the prediction of smoke aerosol transport.
MC-VEO: A Visual-Event Odometry With Accurate 6-DoF Motion Compensation

Nowadays, robust and accurate odometries, as the foundation technology of navigation systems, gains significance in autonomous driving and robotic navigation fields. Although odometries, especially visual odometries (VOs), have made substantial progress, their application scenarios are still limited by the normal cameras' frame rate limitations and their low robustness to motion blur. The event camera, a recently proposed bionic sensor, seeks to tackle these challenges, offering new possibilities for VO solutions to overcome extreme environments. However, integrating event cameras into VO faces challenges like the RGB-event modality gap and the requirement for efficient event processing. To address these research gaps to some extent, we propose a novel visual-event odometry, namely MC-VEO (Motion Compensated Visual-Event Odometry). Specifically, by introducing the temporal Gaussian weight into the standard contrast maximization framework, we propose the first effective 6-DoF motion compensation method that generates deblurred event frames from event data without additional sensors. The generated frames then be aligned with the RGB images through Event Generation Model (EGM) in MC-VEO, so as to overcome the RGB-event modality gap. Additionally, during the optimization of the EGM-based motion estimation algorithm, our decoupling and pre-calculation, matrix representation, and parallel solving further accelerate the per-point processing of events, which enables MC-VEO to show satisfactory speed performance even when facing large amounts of events and candidate points. The superior performance of MC-VEO is evaluated by both qualitative and quantitative experimental results. To ensure that our results are fully reproducible, all the relevant data and codes have been released publicly.
Effect of Alternated Multiaxial Stress State on Fatigue Strength and Relaxation of Residual Stress in Welded S355 Steel with Nonlinear and Combined Hardening

This work aims to analyse the effect of the alternated multiaxial stress state on the relaxation mechanisms of residual stresses and the integrity of welded S355 steel, presenting a nonlinear and combined hardening behaviour. The first part of this work proposes a model to predict the residual stresses introduced by the thermal effect of the welding process. The stresses resulting from the thermal cycle were integrated into a second model in which the material was subjected to a cyclic load to analyse the relaxation process. To ensure a good accuracy of the relaxation results, the kinematic and isotropic hardening were combined in a nonlinear model. In the last part of this paper, a multiaxial fatigue strength analysis was carried out, taking into account the effect of residual stresses and the relaxation process. The results show a considerable relaxation of the residual stresses if they are subjected to low load levels applied under specific conditions. The relaxed residual stresses can have a considerable effect on fatigue strength. Also, the importance of the consideration of the relaxation process on the accuracy of the fatigue strength results is illustrated.
FGCN: Image-Fused Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation with Fusion Graph Convolutional Network

In interpreting a scene for numerous applications, including autonomous driving and robotic navigation, semantic segmentation is crucial. Compared to single-modal data, multi-modal data allow us to extract a richer set of features, which is the benefit of improving segmentation accuracy and effect. We propose a point cloud semantic segmentation method, and a fusion graph convolutional network (FGCN) which extracts the semantic information of each point involved in the two-modal data of images and point clouds. The two-channel k-nearest neighbors (KNN) module of the FGCN was created to address the issue of the feature extraction’s poor efficiency by utilizing picture data. Notably, the FGCN utilizes the spatial attention mechanism to better distinguish more important features and fuses multi-scale features to enhance the generalization capability of the network and increase the accuracy of the semantic segmentation. In the experiment, a self-made semantic segmentation KITTI (SSKIT) dataset was made for the fusion effect. The mean intersection over union (MIoU) of the SSKIT can reach 88.06%. As well as the public datasets, the S3DIS showed that our method can enhance data features and outperform other methods: the MIoU of the S3DIS can reach up to 78.55%. The segmentation accuracy is significantly improved compared with the existing methods, which verifies the effectiveness of the improved algorithms.
Ionospheric total electron content perturbations monitored by the GPS global network during two northern hemisphere winter storms

The global evolution of two major ionospheric storms, occurring on November 4, 1993, and November 26, 1994, respectively, is studied using measurements of total electron content (TEC) obtained from a worldwide network of ground-based GPS receivers. The time-dependent features of ionospheric storms are identified using TEC difference maps based on the percent change of TEC during storm time relative to quiet time. The onset of each ionospheric storm is indicated by the appearance of auroral/subauroral TEC enhancements which occur within 1 hour of the beginning of the geomagnetic storm main phase. Significant TEC enhancements (> 100%) are observed in the winter northern hemisphere. The rate at which TEC enhancements appear is found to correlate with gradients in the Dst index. The large scale ionospheric structures identified during the storms are (1) nightside auroral/subauroral enhancements which surround the auroral oval, (2) dayside (around noon) high-latitude and middle-latitude enhancements associated with traveling ionospheric disturbances, and (3) conjugate latitudinal enhancements. For the November 1993 storm, a short positive phase (about 15 hours) is followed by a long negative phase (∼60 hours). In the November 1994 storm, we have identified the clear signature of a traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) which propagated at a speed of ∼460 m/s from ∼60° N to ∼40° N. The motion of this disturbance appears to conserve angular momentum.