Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Absorber and ETM Layer Thickness for Enhanced Tin based Perovskite Solar Cell Performance using SCAPS-1D Software

The methyl ammonium tin iodide (〖CH〗_3 〖NH〗_3 〖SnI〗_3) perovskite nanocrystals have attracted research interest and have become a rising star in the horizon of photovoltaics due to its narrow band gap, wide visible absorption coefficient and environmental friendliness than its lead-based counterpart (〖CH〗_3 〖NH〗_3 〖PbI〗_3). In this article, a tin based perovskite solar cell with Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Copper Oxide (CuO) as electron transport medium (ETM) and hole transport medium (HTM) was proposed and investigated numerically using a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS) tool. With appropriate parameters, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 27.56 mA/cm^2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.82 V, fill factor (FF) of 59.32 %, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.41 % are obtained for the initial simulation. By varying the thicknesses of the absorber and electron transport layer, the optimum thicknesses were observed at 0.6 μm and 0.3 μm for 〖CH〗_3 〖NH〗_3 〖SnI〗_3 and ZnO with corresponding PCEs of 14.36 % and 13.42 %. Upon simulation with optimized parameters, a Jsc of 29.71 mA/cm^2, Voc of 0.83 V, FF of 61.23 % and PCE of 15.10 % were recorded. These values are superior to those obtained without optimization which means that solar cell performance can be improved to some extent by adjusting the perovskite and electron transport layer and also, 〖CH〗_3 〖NH〗_3 〖SnI〗_3 Perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a potential environmentally friendly solar cell with considerable efficiency.
ABF och det partipolitiska folkbildningsarbetets samtida funktioner

Hur bildning och demokrati forhaller sig till varandra i dagens folkbildningsarbete utgor sjalva hjartpunkten i denna antologi. Redan under 1800-talet vavdes datida moderna ideer om bildning och demokrati samman har i landet – och blev en folklig angelaget i samband med att folkbildningsrorelsen da vaxte fram. I forlangningen kan man saga att den allmanna rostratten infordes. Darefter var bildning och demokrati nagot av en byggsten i samhallet. Idag ar dock situationen en annan – samhallet ar nagot annat. Olika yttringar av elitistiska och egalitara synsatt finns, tekniken betyder konsekvenser. I fem kapitel tar forskarna/skribenterna upp 1. Bildning och demokrati, 2. Foreningslivet och demokratin, 3. I folkbildningens gransland, 4. ABF och det partipolitiska folkbildningsarbetets funktioner samt 5. Bildning och demokrati i omvandling.
On the Sensitivity of Convective Cold Pools to Mesh Resolution

It is well recognized that triggering of convective cells through cold pools (CPs) is key to the organization of convection. Yet, numerous studies have found that both the characterization and parameterization of CP effects in numerical models is cumbersome—in part due to the lack of numerical convergence with respect to the horizontal mesh resolution, Δx, obtained in typical cloud‐resolving simulators. Within a comprehensive numerical convergence study we systematically increase the horizontal resolution in a set of idealized large‐eddy simulations. Our analysis captures key CP processes, namely free propagation, frontal collision and merging of gust fronts. We characterize the numerical convergence of tropospheric moistening rates, gust front vortical strength and propagation speed, and the amplitude of the lobe‐and‐cleft instability. The understanding gained from this analysis may help develop robust subgrid models for CP dynamics.
Polyoxidovanadates a new therapeutic alternative for neurodegenerative and aging diseases

Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline in physiological integrity, leading to a deterioration of cognitive function and increasing the risk of suffering from chronic-degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Aging is considered the major risk factor for Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease develops. Likewise, diabetes and insulin resistance constitute additional risk factors for developing neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, no treatment can effectively reverse these neurodegenerative pathologies. However, some antidiabetic drugs have opened the possibility of being used against neurodegenerative processes. In the previous framework, Vanadium species have demonstrated a notable antidiabetic effect. Our research group evaluated polyoxidovanadates such as decavanadate and metforminium-decavanadate with preventive and corrective activity on neurodegeneration in brain-specific areas from rats with metabolic syndrome. The results suggest that these polyoxidovanadates induce neuronal and cognitive restoration mechanisms. This review aims to describe the therapeutic potential of polyoxidovanadates as insulin-enhancer agents in the brain, constituting a therapeutic alternative for aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
PRECONSOLIDATION PRESSURE FROM PIEZOCONE TESTS IN MARINE CLAY. DISCUSSION

The discusser, P. W. Mayne of Cornell University, notes that the proposed effective stress path interpretation of an advancing piezocone provides an interesting means for profiling the in situ stress history of clay deposits. He describes how he has pursued this topic from both a total stress approach and and effective stress method. The discussers, M. G. Kabir and A. J. Lutenegger, describe piezocone tests in marine clays, and the application of the author's model to re-evaluate the oedometric yield stress at three different test sites. The discussers P. K. Robertson, J. A. Howie, J. P. Sully, D. G. Gillespie, and R. G. Campanella of the University of British Columbia, make further comments. The discussions are followed by a closure by the author.
Visual–tactile fusion object classification method based on adaptive feature weighting

Visual–tactile fusion information plays a crucial role in robotic object classification. The fusion module in existing visual–tactile fusion models directly splices visual and tactile features at the feature layer; however, for different objects, the contributions of visual features and tactile features to classification are different. Moreover, direct concatenation may ignore features that are more beneficial for classification and will also increase computational costs and reduce model classification efficiency. To utilize object feature information more effectively and further improve the efficiency and accuracy of robotic object classification, we propose a visual–tactile fusion object classification method based on adaptive feature weighting in this article. First, a lightweight feature extraction module is used to extract the visual and tactile features of each object. Then, the two feature vectors are input into an adaptive weighted fusion module. Finally, the fused feature vector is input into the fully connected layer for classification, yielding the categories and physical attributes of the objects. In this article, extensive experiments are performed with the Penn Haptic Adjective Corpus 2 public dataset and the newly developed Visual-Haptic Adjective Corpus 52 dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that for the public dataset Penn Haptic Adjective Corpus 2, our method achieves a value of 0.9750 in terms of the area under the curve. Compared with the highest area under the curve obtained by the existing state-of-the-art methods, our method improves by 1.92%. Moreover, compared with the existing state-of-the-art methods, our method achieves the best results in training time and inference time; while for the novel Visual-Haptic Adjective Corpus 52 dataset, our method achieves values of 0.9827 and 0.9850 in terms of the area under the curve and accuracy metrics, respectively. Furthermore, the inference time reaches 1.559 s/sheet, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bipartite Containment Control of Uncertain Dynamic Networks Based on Adaptive Internal Model Method

A distributed control law synthesized several effective tools which called adaptive compensators solve a containment control problem. Distinguish from many studies on tracking, the situation where external system information is not available to network nodes is considered in a multileader system under a structurally balanced topology, the designed compensator is used to estimate the adaptive state of the convex hull to each follower. Considering the special case of external system information, a novel adaptive internal model compensator is proposed to dispose of the system robustness problem. Moreover, a novel Sylvester equation is given without considering all closed-loop system information and present an algorithm for calculating adaptive solutions of Sylvester equations based on containment control.
The Effect of Jordanian Herbs on Gut Microflora, and Immunity of Broiler Chickens

The study aimed to examine and compare the influence of adding synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), with two herbal medical plants (Oregano germander) on broiler gut microflora, and its immunity. One hundred and forty broilers were raised for three weeks and were distributed into five treatment groups. The prepared dietary treatments were included (w/w):1). Control (without supplement) 2). Germander (GER; inclusion level 1.5 %) 3). Oregano (ORE; inclusion level 2.5 %) 4). Combination of GER and ORE (CM; inclusion levels 1.5 and 2.5 %, respectively)5). BHA (0.02 %). The highest total number of ileal lactobacilli counts was found in broilers fed CM dietary treatment. On the other hand, their disgust samples (i.e. in CM) showed the lowest total count of Escherichia coli compared to other treatments. Among different dietary treatments, CM treatment showed the best positive effect on broiler immune system response, where it showed the highest Bursa Fabricius relative weight, and IgG values. Overall, the results showed that such dietary treatment (i.e. Combination of GER and ORE)positively enhanced gut microflora, and bird's immunity response.
Children’s domain-specific self-evaluations and global self-worth: A preregistered cross-cultural meta-analysis

Which domain-specific self-evaluations are most central to children’s global self-worth? And does this differ between countries with different levels of collectivism–individualism? We conducted a preregistered cross-cultural meta-analysis to address these questions. We included 141 independent samples (21 countries/regions, 584 cross-sectional effect sizes), totaling 33,120 participants in middle to late childhood, a critical age for self-worth development. Overall, global self-worth was most strongly correlated with self-evaluations in the domain of physical appearance (r = .64), followed by behavioral conduct, peer relations, academic competence, athletic competence, and parent relations (rs = .39 to .54). Global self-worth was equally strongly correlated with agentic and communal self-evaluations (r = .51 and .52, respectively). The strength of these associations did not vary significantly by country-level collectivism–individualism. These findings reveal the robust correlates of self-worth across cultures and raise important new questions about when and how culture shapes the development of children’s global self-worth.
An Overview of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and an Update on Endoscopic Techniques for Their Management

The growing importance of advanced endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNETs) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of various biochemical markers, genetic testing methods, radiological techniques, and treatment approaches that encompass multiple disciplines within and beyond gastrointestinal oncology. This review aims to highlight key aspects of these topics, with a specific focus on emerging EUS-guided procedures for the management of PanNETs.
Chronic thoracic pain after cardiac surgery: role of inflammation and biomechanical sternal stability

Introduction The pathogenesis of chronic chest pain after cardiac surgery has not been determinate. If left untreated, postoperative sternal pain reduces the quality of life and patient satisfaction with cardiac surgery. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of chest inflammation on postoperative pain, risk factors for chronic pain after cardiac surgery and to explore how chest reconstruction was associated with the intensity of pain. Methods The authors performed a study of acute and chronic thoracic pain after cardiac surgery in patients with and without sternal infection and compared different techniques for chest reconstruction. 42 high-risk patients for the development of mediastinitis were included. Patients with mediastinitis received chest reconstruction (group 1). Their demographics and risk factors were matched with no-infection patients with chest reconstruction (group 2) and subjects who underwent conventional sternal closure (group 3). Chronic pain was assessed by the numeric rating scale after surgery. Results The assessment of the incidence and intensity of chest pain at 3 months post-surgery demonstrated that 14 out of 42 patients across all groups still experienced chronic pain. Specifically, in group 1 with sternal infection five patients had mild pain, while one patient experienced mild pain in group 2, and eight patients in group 3. Also, follow-up results indicated that the highest pain score was in group 3. While baseline levels of cytokines were increased among patients with sternal infection, at discharge only the level of interleukin 6 remained high compared to no infection groups. Compared to conventional closure, after chest reconstruction, we found better healing scores at 3-month follow-up and a higher percentage of patients with the complete sternal union. Conclusions Overall, 14 out of 42 patients have chronic pain after cardiac surgery. The intensity of the pain in mediastinitis patients significantly decreased at 3 months follow-up after chest reconstruction. Thus, post-surgery mediastinitis is not a determining factor for development the chronic chest pain. There is no correlation between cytokines levels and pain score except interleukin 6 which remains elevated for a long time after treatment. Correlation between sternal healing score and chronic chest pain was demonstrated.
Locoregional Therapies and Remodeling of Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer

Despite the advances made in treatment, the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains dismal, even in the locoregional and locally advanced stages, with high relapse rates after surgery. PDAC exhibits a chemoresistant and immunosuppressive phenotype, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) surrounding cancer cells actively participates in creating a stromal barrier to chemotherapy and an immunosuppressive environment. Recently, there has been an increasing use of interventional radiology techniques for the treatment of PDAC, although they do not represent a standard of care and are not included in clinical guidelines. Local approaches such as radiation therapy, hyperthermia, microwave or radiofrequency ablation, irreversible electroporation and high-intensity focused ultrasound exert their action on the tumor tissue, altering the composition and structure of TME and potentially enhancing the action of chemotherapy. Moreover, their action can increase antigen release and presentation with T-cell activation and reduction tumor-induced immune suppression. This review summarizes the current evidence on locoregional therapies in PDAC and their effect on remodeling TME to make it more susceptible to the action of antitumor agents.
The Mechanical Behavior of a Soilbag Under Vertical Compression

For a single soilbag filled with a cohesionless granular material analytical and numerical models based on a continuum approach are used to predict the evolution of deformation and stress under monotonic compression and plane strain conditions. Analytical models with different assumptions for the stress ratio distribution in filling material, a constant volume and a frictionless interface between the soil and the wrapping bag are studied. In order to evaluate the simplifications assumed for the analytical model numerical simulations are carried out with a micro-polar hypoplastic model for the soil behavior and an elastic-ideally plastic model for the wrapping material. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the interface behavior between the soil and the bag material on the evolution of state quantities. The special cases of a frictionless interface and an interlocked interface are investigated. Results show that the assumed interface behavior influences the evolution of the state quantities and the location of zones with intense strain localization of the granular material.
Self-Supervised Neuron Segmentation with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

The performance of existing supervised neuron segmentation methods is highly dependent on the number of accurate annotations, especially when applied to large scale electron microscopy (EM) data. By extracting semantic information from unlabeled data, self-supervised methods can improve the performance of downstream tasks, among which the mask image model (MIM) has been widely used due to its simplicity and effectiveness in recovering original information from masked images. However, due to the high degree of structural locality in EM images, as well as the existence of considerable noise, many voxels contain little discriminative information, making MIM pretraining inefficient on the neuron segmentation task. To overcome this challenge, we propose a decision-based MIM that utilizes reinforcement learning (RL) to automatically search for optimal image masking ratio and masking strategy. Due to the vast exploration space, using single-agent RL for voxel prediction is impractical. Therefore, we treat each input patch as an agent with a shared behavior policy, allowing for multi-agent collaboration. Furthermore, this multi-agent model can capture dependencies between voxels, which is beneficial for the downstream segmentation task. Experiments conducted on representative EM datasets demonstrate that our approach has a significant advantage over alternative self-supervised methods on the task of neuron segmentation. Code is available at https://github.com/ydchen0806/dbMiM.
Jomon genome sheds light on East Asian population history

Anatomical modern humans reached East Asia by >40,000 years ago (kya). However, key questions still remain elusive with regard to the route(s) and the number of wave(s) in the dispersal into East Eurasia. Ancient genomes at the edge of East Eurasia may shed light on the detail picture of peopling to East Eurasia. Here, we analyze the whole-genome sequence of a 2.5 kya individual (IK002) characterized with a typical Jomon culture that started in the Japanese archipelago >16 kya. The phylogenetic analyses support multiple waves of migration, with IK002 forming a lineage basal to the rest of the ancient/present-day East Eurasians examined, likely to represent some of the earliest-wave migrants who went north toward East Asia from Southeast Asia. Furthermore, IK002 has the extra genetic affinity with the indigenous Taiwan aborigines, which may support a coastal route of the Jomon-ancestry migration from Southeast Asia to the Japanese archipelago. This study highlight the power of ancient genomics with the isolated population to provide new insights into complex history in East Eurasia.
The association of hypogonadism with depression and its treatments

According to World Health Organization estimates, 5% of the adult population worldwide suffers from depression. In addition to the affective, psychomotor and cognitive symptoms which characterize this mood disorder, sexual dysfunction has been frequently reported among men suffering from depression. The most common sexual manifestations are decreased libido, erectile dysfunction and orgasmic disorder. In addition, epidemiological studies have documented a reduction of testosterone concentrations in men with depression and, for these reasons, depressive disorders appear as one possible cause of male functional hypogonadism. Moreover, some largely used antidepressant medications can cause or worsen sexual complaints, thus depression and its treatments rise several andrological-relevant issues. The other way round, men with hypogonadism can manifest depressed mood, anxiety, insomnia, memory impairment which, if mild, may respond to testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). However, the prevalence of functional hypogonadism in depression, and of depressive symptoms in hypogonadal men, is not known. Severe depressive symptoms do not respond to TRT, while the effect of treating major depression on functional hypogonadism, has not been investigated. Overall, the clinical relevance of each condition to the other, as well as the physiopathological underpinnings of their relationship, are still to be clarified. The present review summarizes current evidence on the influence of testosterone on mood and of depression on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis; the clinical association between male hypogonadism and depression; and the reciprocal effects of respective treatments.
Theoretical analysis of Dynamic General Equilibrium model

Central Bank is one of the most important institutions of a country because its responsibility is to draw and implement the monetary policy. The central bank, in order to accomplish this responsibility, has to have a clearly defined main objective, the instruments that will use to achieve the objective, and it should be able to make precise or very good forecasts of macroeconomic variables. In order to make these forecasts, the central bank should first of all understand every monetary transmission mechanism and determine the most effective one. The success or non-success of monetary policy, living apart the other factors, depends on the monetary regime implemented in the country. In the last years, a lot of countries have implemented the inflation targeting regime. One of the conditions of the implementation of the inflation targeting regime is that the central bank should be able to make precise forecasts. For this reason, the structural macroeconomic models, in these days, have became very used because the central banks have used these models as a basis for the policy decision-making based in forecasts. The main goal of these models is to provide a more structured input for the monetary policy decision making, helping to create a full ‘history’ and helping to explain the consequences of different external shocks and different policy rules.Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model is one of the most used forecasting models in the countries that have implemented the inflation targeting regime. Albania is one of the countries that want to formally implement the inflation targeting regime and give up the monetary targeting regime. Now for now Bank of Albania is using the MEAM model as a macroeconomic model of forecasting. In we look at the experience of the other countries that have implemented the inflation targeting regime and the recommendations of the foreign experts, we can conclude that Bank of Albania should work and should evaluate a DSGE model. This is the main reason why this paper is focused on the theoretical analysis of the DSGE model. In the paper will be presented arguments that explain why this is a good forecasting model for Albania. The arguments will be given based on the analysis of the characteristics of this type of model. Also in this paper we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this type of model. This analysis will help us strengthen the arguments about the necessity of use of this model from Bank of Albania.