Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immediate and delayed effects of everyday racial discrimination on mental health among Black college students: A mixed-methods approach

Experiences of racial discrimination significantly contribute to both mental and physical health outcomes. In this mixed-methods study, we examine both the immediate and delayed effect of discrimination experienced in daily life. Black students at a predominantly White university reported instances of racial discrimination, affect, anxiety, and depression several times per day over 4 weeks (N = 114); this was followed by qualitative focus groups (N = 25). Reporting an instance of discrimination corresponded with an acute decline in psychological wellbeing (higher negative affect, anxiety, and depression), consistent with previous work. However, this effect did not carry forward to later assessments during the same day or the following day as expected. Instead, positive affect temporarily increased in the hours following experiences of discrimination. Qualitative focus groups revealed social support, emotional reflection and processing, and feelings of taking action as important factors contributing to this bump in positive affect.
Poisson brackets of partitions of unity on surfaces

Given an open cover of a closed symplectic manifold, consider all smooth partitions of unity consisting of functions supported in the covering sets. The Poisson bracket invariant of the cover measures how much the functions from such a partition of unity can become close to being Poisson commuting. We introduce a new approach to this invariant, which enables us to prove the lower bound conjectured by L. Polterovich, in dimension 2.
A diverse parasite pool can improve effectiveness of biological control constrained by genotype‐by‐genotype interactions

The outcomes of biological control programs can be highly variable, with natural enemies often failing to establish or spread in pest populations. This variability has posed a major obstacle in use of the bacterial parasite Pasteuria penetrans for biological control of Meloidogyne species, economically devastating plant‐parasitic nematodes for which there are limited management options. A leading hypothesis for this variability in control is that infection is successful only for specific combinations of bacterial and nematode genotypes. Under this hypothesis, failure of biological control results from the use of P. penetrans genotypes that cannot infect local Meloidogyne genotypes. We tested this hypothesis using isofemale lines of M. arenaria derived from a single field population and multiple sources of P. penetrans from the same and nearby fields. In strong support of the hypothesis, susceptibility to infection depended on the specific combination of host line and parasite source, with lines of M. arenaria varying substantially in which P. penetrans source could infect them. In light of this result, we tested whether using a diverse pool of P. penetrans could increase infection and thereby control. We found that increasing the diversity of the P. penetrans inoculum from one to eight sources more than doubled the fraction of M. arenaria individuals susceptible to infection and reduced variation in susceptibility across host lines. Together, our results highlight genotype‐by‐genotype specificity as an important cause of variation in biological control and call for the maintenance of genetic diversity in natural enemy populations.
Geochemistry of meta‐mafic and meta‐tonalite‐trondhjemite intrusives from Jaintia and Karbi Anglong hills of Shillong Plateau, North East India: Implications on the evolution of the Proterozoic Shillong Basin

We present the whole‐rock and mineral chemical data of the Khasi meta‐mafic/basic‐trondhjemite intrusives (KMI) and meta‐tonalite‐trondhjemite (MTT) that coevally emplaced the Proterozoic Shillong Group (SG) of Shillong Plateau, northeast (NE) India and discuss their petrogenetic‐tectonic origin. The calc‐alkaline to tholeiite KMI are compositionally transitional between hornblende‐gabbro; hornblende‐diorite and minor‐hornblendite. They show Ta–Nb troughs and strong decoupling large‐ion lithophile/high field strength elements (HFSE) signature consistent with subduction zone‐related basic magmas. The calcic to calc‐alkaline, low‐Al2O3, and I‐type metaluminous Fe‐hedenbergite‐trondhjemite (KMT) exhibits similar trace and rare earth elements (REE) distribution to the KMI. The MTT on the other hand are depleted in trace elements and REE, and correspond with the I‐type granitoids, and are comparable to Proterozoic to Phanerozoic tonalite‐trondhjemite‐granodiorites. Gentle negative sloping of REE in KMI ([La/Lu]CN = 4.04 to 6.35) with moderate LREE, suggests partial melting or, fractional crystallization from a transitional source between garnet and spinel lherzolite. Although almost a flat pattern ([La/Lu]CN = 3.70 to 4.05) for MTT entails a high degree of partial melting from sources similar to Archaean Mafic Composite or Archaean Tholeiite. Trace elemental modellings ([Sr/Y] vs. Y and [La/Yb]N vs. YbN) for MTT infer low pressure (<15 kbar) and high degree partial melting of >50% in equilibrium with 10% garnet +90% amphibole residue. A relatively flat REE pattern with some elevated HREE of MTT compared to KMI suggests for depleted source. Bimodal plutonism and the prevalence of meta‐dacite‐rhyolite in SG invokes for tonalite‐trondhjemite‐dacite setting of a continental arc or, active continental margin tectonic setting. Emplacement of KMI initiated in a temporary relax‐extensional phase and MTT in a compressional regime. This is possibly caused by an over‐thickened crust later subjected to orogenic collapse, exhumation‐metamorphism, and decompressional melting. This event might have taken place between 1.0 to 0.5 Ga during the Pan‐African Orogenic crustal growth, linked to the amalgamation of Gondwana.
NEW DETECTIONS OF RADIO MINIHALOS IN COOL CORES OF GALAXY CLUSTERS

Cool cores of some galaxy clusters exhibit faint radio “minihalos. ” Their origin is unclear, and their study has been limited by their small number. We undertook a systematic search for minihalos in a large sample of X-ray luminous clusters with high-quality radio data. In this article, we report four new minihalos (A 478, ZwCl 3146, RXJ 1532.9+3021, and A 2204) and five candidates found in the reanalyzed archival Very Large Array observations. The radio luminosities of our minihalos and candidates are in the range of 1023–25 W Hz−1 at 1.4 GHz, which is consistent with these types of radio sources. Their sizes (40–160 kpc in radius) are somewhat smaller than those of previously known minihalos. We combine our new detections with previously known minihalos, obtaining a total sample of 21 objects, and briefly compare the cluster radio properties to the average X-ray temperature and the total masses estimated from Planck. We find that nearly all clusters hosting minihalos are hot and massive. Beyond that, there is no clear correlation between the minihalo radio power and cluster temperature or mass (in contrast with the giant radio halos found in cluster mergers, whose radio luminosity correlates with the cluster mass). Chandra X-ray images indicate gas sloshing in the cool cores of most of our clusters, with minihalos contained within the sloshing regions in many of them. This supports the hypothesis that radio-emitting electrons are reaccelerated by sloshing. Advection of relativistic electrons by the sloshing gas may also play a role in the formation of the less extended minihalos.
A MULTICOLOR PHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF THE GALAXY CLUSTER A2589: DYNAMICS, LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, AND STAR FORMATION HISTORY

Smooth X-ray morphology and non-detection of a radio source at the center of A2589 indicate that it is a typical case of a well-relaxed regular galaxy cluster. In this paper, we present a multicolor photometry for A2589 (z = 0.0414) with 15 intermediate bands in the Beijing–Arizona–Taiwan–Connecticut (BATC) system which covers an optical wavelength range from 3000 Å to 10000 Å. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for more than 5000 sources are achieved down to V ∼ 20 mag in about a 1 deg2 field. A2589 has also been covered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in photometric mode only. A cross-identification of the BATC-detected galaxies with the SDSS photometric catalog yields 1199 galaxies brighter than i = 19.5 mag, among which 68 member galaxies with known spectroscopic redshifts are found. After combining the SDSS five-band photometric data and the BATC SEDs, photometric redshift is applied to these galaxies to select faint member galaxies. The color–magnitude relation is taken as a further restriction of early-type cluster galaxies. As a result, 106 galaxies are newly selected as member galaxies. Spatial distribution of member galaxies shows a north–south elongation which agrees with the X-ray brightness profile and the orientation of central cD galaxy, NGC 7647. No substructures are detected on the basis of positions and radial velocities of cluster galaxies, indicating that A2589 is a well-relaxed system. The luminosity function of A2589 exhibits a peak at MR ∼ −20 mag and a dip at MR ∼ −19 mag. The low-density outer regions are the preferred habitat of faint galaxies. With the evolutionary population synthesis model, PEGASE, the environmental effect on the star formation properties for 68 spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies is studied. The outlier faint galaxies tend to have longer timescales of star formation, shorter mean stellar ages, and lower metallicities in the interstellar medium, which can be interpreted in the context of a hierarchical cosmological scenario.
THE NON-THERMAL RADIO JET TOWARD THE NGC 2264 STAR FORMATION REGION

We report sensitive VLA 3.6 cm radio observations toward the head of the Cone Nebula in NGC 2264, made in 2006. The purpose of these observations was to study a non-thermal radio jet recently discovered, which appears to emanate from the head of the Cone Nebula. The jet is highly polarized, with well-defined knots, and one-sided. Comparison of our images with 1995 archive data indicates no evidence of proper motions or polarization changes. We find reliable flux density variations in only one knot, which we tentatively identify as the core of a quasar or radio galaxy. An extragalactic location seems to be the best explanation for this jet.
The Labor Market Effects of Disability Hiring Quotas

People with disabilities are underemployed across the world. With the goal of increasing their representation, more than 100 countries have established quota regulations requiring firms to hire people with disabilities. This paper studies the implications of enforcing modest disability hiring quotas for workers and firms. Using the introduction of a reform in Brazil that enhanced enforcement of a new hiring quota regulation, my market-level analysis finds that people with disabilities in local labor markets more exposed to the reform experienced larger increases in employment and earnings. To explore the margins along which firms respond to the quota scheme, I leverage variation in enforcement across firms. This analysis reveals three key adjustment margins. First, firms tend to comply with the quota by hiring workers with disabilities into low-paying, less skilled jobs. Second, consistent with statistical discrimination, workers with disabilities hired prior to the quota experience reduced wage growth and promotion rates. Third, the quota does not come at a cost to workers without disabilities in terms of wages or employment, or to firms in terms of closure. Using the compliance decision of firms to the quota, I estimate that the marginal worker with disabilities hired under the quota has a marginal revenue product close to their wage. Through the lens of a model of enforcement of hiring quotas with imperfect compliance, I show that the policy generates aggregate welfare gains. My findings demonstrate that, in labor markets under imperfect competition, mandating modest increases in employment for the disadvantaged can promote redistribution and improve welfare. Szerman: Economics Department and Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University. Email: cszerman@princeton.edu. I am deeply grateful to my advisors Alexandre Mas, Thomas Fujiwara and Ellora Derenoncourt for their invaluable guidance and constant support throughout this project. I thank Patrick Agte, Dorisz Albrecht, Sofia Amaral, David Autor, Emily Battaglia, Leah Boustan, Jiwon Choi, Janet Currie, Mateus Dias, Hank Farber, Marcelo Ferreira, Felipe Golfín, Stephanie Hao, Ilyana Kuziemko, David S. Lee, Sophie Mitra, Rafael Parente, Steve Redding, Karl Schulze, Carolyn Tsao, Ana Trindade, Owen Zidar, and participants of Prize Fellowship, CHW and Labor lunches, Development Tea, and Labor Seminar at Princeton University for valuable discussions and suggestions. I thank Valdemar Pinho Neto and Vladimir Ponczek for kindly sharing auxiliary data. I am deeply indebted to Marcia Jovita and Marcus Novello for spending many hours diligently answering to my questions. I am grateful to many anonymous people for helpful conversations. I thank Oppen Social for the support with the survey. I gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Industrial Relations Section and the Economics Department at Princeton University, the Prize Fellowship in Social Sciences at Princeton University, and the NBER Retirement and Disability Research Center. All errors are my own.
PATIENT SATISFACTION OF DENTAL SERVICES IN BANJARMASIN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Background: A public health center is one of the primary health services that is obliged to provide health services during the covid-19 pandemic. At that period, dentists in the public health center must continue to provide services to patients according technical instructions. Changes in the service system during the pandemic has different perceptions of service quality which had an impact on patient satisfaction. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe patient satisfaction of dental services in Banjarmasin during the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This research is descriptive with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all people who came to the dental service of the public health center in Banjarmasin. The number of samples in this study was 86 samples taken by accidental sampling. Results: The results of this study showed that the reliable dimension there was 42 person (49%) who said reliable dimension is very satisfied, 52 person (61%) who said assurances dimension is very satisfied, 42 person (49%) who said tangible dimension is very satisfied, 43 person (50%) who said empathy dimension is very satisfied, and 53 person (61%) who said responsiveness dimension is very satisfied. Conclusion: It can be concluded that most patients are very satisfied with the health services provided by dentists in public health center Banjarmasin during the covid-19 pandemic because most of them applied service quality with 5 dimensions (assurance, empathy, reliable, responsiveness and tangible). Keywords : Assurance, Emphaty, Reliable, Responsiveness, Tangible.
Extremal Functions for Adams Inequalities in Dimension Four

Let $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^4$ be a smooth bounded domain, $W_0^{2,2}(\Omega)$ be the usual Sobolev space. For any positive integer $\ell$, $\lambda_{\ell}(\Omega)$ is the $\ell$-th eigenvalue of the bi-Laplacian operator. Define $E_{\ell}=E_{\lambda_1(\Omega)}\oplus E_{\lambda_2(\Omega)}\oplus\cdots\oplus E_{\lambda_{\ell}(\Omega)}$, where $E_{\lambda_i(\Omega)}$ is eigenfunction space associated with $\lambda_i(\Omega)$. $E^{\bot}_{\ell}$ denotes the orthogonal complement of $E_\ell$ in $W_0^{2,2}(\Omega)$. For $0\leq\alpha<\lambda_{\ell+1}(\Omega)$, we define a norm by $\|u\|_{2,\alpha}^{2}=\|\Delta u\|^2_2-\alpha \|u\|^2_2$ for $u\in E^\bot_{\ell}$. In this paper, using the blow-up analysis, we prove the following Adams inequalities $$\sup_{u\in E_{\ell}^{\bot},\,\| u\|_{2,\alpha}\leq 1}\int_{\Omega}e^{32\pi^2u^2}dx<+\infty;$$ moreover, the above supremum can be attained by a function $u_0\in E_{\ell}^{\bot}\cap C^4(\overline{\Omega})$ with $\|u_0\|_{2,\alpha}=1$. This result extends that of Yang (J. Differential Equations, 2015), and complements that of Lu and Yang (Adv. Math. 2009) and Nguyen (arXiv: 1701.08249, 2017).
The Lyman α forest in a blazar-heated Universe

It has been realized only recently that TeV emission from blazars can significantly heat the intergalactic medium (IGM) by pair-producing high-energy electrons and positrons, which in turn excite vigorous plasma instabilities, leading to a local dissipation of the pairs’ kinetic energy. In this work, we use cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to model the impact of this blazar heating on the Lyman α forest at intermediate redshifts (z∼ 2–3). We find that blazar heating produces an inverted temperature–density relation in the IGM and naturally resolves many of the problems present in previous simulations of the forest that included photoionization heating alone. In particular, our simulations with blazar heating simultaneously reproduce the observed effective optical depth and temperature as a function of redshift, the observed probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the transmitted flux, and the observed flux power spectra, over the full redshift range 2 < z < 3 analysed here. Additionally, by deblending the absorption features of Lyman α spectra into a sum of thermally broadened individual lines, we find superb agreement with the observed lower cut-off of the linewidth distribution and abundances of neutral hydrogen column densities per unit redshift. Using the most recent constraints on the cosmic ultraviolet (UV) background, this excellent agreement with observations does not require rescaling the amplitude of the UV background – a procedure that was routinely used in the past to match the observed level of transmitted flux. We also show that our blazar-heated model matches the data better than standard simulations even when such a rescaling is allowed. This concordance between Lyman α data and simulation results, which are based on the most recent cosmological parameters, also suggests that the inclusion of blazar heating alleviates previous tensions on constraints for σ8 derived from Lyman α measurements and other cosmological data. Finally, we show that blazar heating dramatically alters the volume-weighted temperature PDF, implying an important change in the strengths of structure formation shocks (and thereby possibly particle acceleration in these shocks). The density PDF is also modified, suggesting that blazar heating may have interesting effects on structure formation, particularly on the smallest galaxies.
Disorder induced Coulomb gaps in graphene constrictions with different aspect ratios

We present electron transport measurements on lithographically defined and etched graphene nanoconstrictions with different aspect ratios including different lengths (l) and widths (w). A roughly length-independent disorder induced effective energy gap can be observed around the charge neutrality point. This energy gap scales inversely with the width even in regimes where the length of the constriction is smaller than its width (l<w). In very short constrictions, we observe both resonances due to localized states or charged islands and an elevated overall conductance level (0.1−1e2/h), which is strongly length-dependent in the gap region. This makes very short graphene constrictions interesting for highly transparent graphene tunneling barriers.
Discovery of a loose star cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We present results for an up-to-date uncatalogued star cluster projected towards the Eastern side of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) outer disc. The new object was discovered from a search of loose star cluster in the Magellanic Clouds' (MCs) outskirts using kernel density estimators on Washington CT1 deep images. Contrarily to what would be commonly expected, the star cluster resulted to be a young object (log(t /yr) = 8.45) with a slightly subsolar metal content (Z = 0.013) and a total mass of 650Mo. Its core, half-mass and tidal radii also are within the frequent values of LMC star clusters. However, the new star cluster is placed at the Small Magellanic Cloud distance and at 11.3 kpc from the LMC centre. We speculate with the possibility that it was born in the inner body of the LMC and soon after expeled into the intergalactic space during the recent Milky Way/MCs interaction. Nevertheless, radial velocity and chemical abundance measurements are needed to further understand its origin, as well as extensive search for loose star clusters in order to constrain the effectiveness of star cluster scattering during galaxy interactions.
Cycles in Repeated Exponentiation Modulo pn

Given a number $r$, we consider the dynamical system generated by repeated exponentiations modulo $r$, that is, by the map $u \mapsto f_g(u)$, where $f_g(u) \equiv g^u \pmod r$ and $0 \le f_g(u) \le r-1$. The number of cycles of the defined above dynamical system is considered for $r=p^n$.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF Stenochlaena palustris LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus mutans

Background: Dental caries is a common chronic infectious disease of dental hard tissue resulting from the interaction between tooth structure, the microbial biofilm formed on the tooth surface, dietary as well as salivary influences. Streptococcus mutans are considered to be the main bacteria that play role in the formation of cariogenic biofilms. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% is a commonly used mouthwash and considered as the gold standard. The long-term use of chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% may cause side effects so an alternative mouthwash with natural ingredients is needed. Kelakai leaves extract contains bioactive compounds which has antimicrobial effects such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins which can be used as an alternative mouthwash for chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%. Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the antibacterial effectiveness of kelakai leaves extract with concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% on growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Methods: This study conducted through true experimental laboratories with a post-test only research design with control group design. This study used 9 treatments with 5 repetitions so that there were a total of 45 samples. The treatment group was kelakai leaves extract with concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with two control groups namely chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and distilled water against Streptococcus mutans. Results: The MIC of kelakai leaves extract was set at a concentration of 12.5% and the MBC at a concentration of 50%. Conclusion: Kelakai leaves extract concentrations 50%, 75% and 100% has antibacterial effectiveness which equivalent to chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% against Streptococcus mutans bacteria.Keywords: Antibacterial, Stenochlaena palustris leaves extract, Streptococcus mutans
Bridging organisational and individual green actions through green knowledge sharing & individual values

ABSTRACT The increased environmental concerns demand the attention of all stakeholders, while organisations and their employees are the most important of them. Adjacent to this, the core aim of this study is to investigate the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on employees’ green organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) through the mediation of green knowledge sharing (GKS) behaviour and moderation of individual green values (IGV). The study collected 354 responses from employees through a questionnaire-based survey in two waves. The structural equation modelling analysis confirms that employee GKS behaviour mediates the relationship between GHRM practices and green OCB, which IGV magnifies the GHRM practices and GKS behaviour relationship. This study contributes to the existing literature by empirically investigating under-explored mechanisms as GKS and IGV have been mainly ignored as explanatory mechanisms and boundary conditions. Based on the empirical findings, implications and future directions are also provided.