Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultivation in Fetal Calf Serum, Human Serum, and Platelet Lysate in 2D and 3D Systems

In vitro two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of mammalian cells requires supplementation with serum. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in clinical trials for bioregenerative medicine and in most cases, in vitro expansion and differentiation of these cells are required before application. Optimized expansion and differentiation protocols play a key role in the treatment outcome. 3D cell cultivation systems are more comparable to in vivo conditions and can provide both, more physiological MSC expansion and a better understanding of intercellular and cell-matrix interactions. Xeno-free cultivation conditions minimize risks of immune response after implantation. Human platelet lysate (hPL) appears to be a valuable alternative to widely used fetal calf serum (FCS) since no ethical issues are associated with its harvest, it contains a high concentration of growth factors and cytokines and it can be produced from expired platelet concentrate. In this study, we analyzed and compared proliferation, as well as osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (hAD-MSC) using three different supplements: FCS, human serum (HS), and hPL in 2D. Furthermore, online monitoring of osteogenic differentiation under the influence of different supplements was performed in 2D. hPL-cultivated MSCs exhibited a higher proliferation and differentiation rate compared to HS- or FCS-cultivated cells. We demonstrated a fast and successful chondrogenic differentiation in the 2D system with the addition of hPL. Additionally, FCS, HS, and hPL were used to formulate Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels in order to evaluate the influence of the different supplements on the cell spreading and proliferation of cells growing in 3D culture. In addition, the hydrogel constructs were cultivated in media supplemented with three different supplements. In comparison to FCS and HS, the addition of hPL to GelMA hydrogels during the encapsulation of hAD-MSCs resulted in enhanced cell spreading and proliferation. This effect was promoted even further by cultivating the hydrogel constructs in hPL-supplemented media.
A Bi-Dimensional Taxonomy of Social Responsivity in Middle Childhood: Prosociality and Reactive Aggression Predict Externalizing Behavior Over Time

Developing social skills is essential to succeed in social relations. Two important social constructs in middle childhood, prosocial behavior and reactive aggression, are often regarded as separate behaviors with opposing developmental outcomes. However, there is increasing evidence for the co-occurrence of prosociality and aggression, as both might indicate responsivity to the social environment. Here, we tested whether a bi-dimensional taxonomy of prosociality and reactive aggression could predict internalizing and externalizing problems over time. We re-analyzed data of two well-validated experimental tasks for prosociality (the Prosocial Cyberball Game) and reactive aggression (the Social Network Aggression Task) in a developmental population sample (n = 496, 7–9 years old). Results revealed no associations between prosociality and reactive aggression, confirming the independence of those constructs. Interestingly, although prosociality and reactive aggression independently did not predict problem behavior, the interaction of both was negatively predictive of changes in externalizing problems over time. Specifically, only children who scored low on both prosociality and reactive aggression showed an increase in externalizing problems 1 year later, whereas levels of externalizing problems did not change for children who scored high on both types of behavior. Thus, our results suggest that at an individual level, reactive aggression in middle childhood might not always be maladaptive when combined with prosocial behavior, thereby confirming the importance of studying social competence across multiple dimensions.
HEYL Regulates Neoangiogenesis Through Overexpression in Both Breast Tumor Epithelium and Endothelium

Blocking tumor angiogenesis is an appealing therapeutic strategy, but to date, success has been elusive. We previously identified HEYL, a downstream target of Notch signaling, as an overexpressed gene in both breast cancer cells and as a tumor endothelial marker, suggesting that HEYL overexpression in both compartments may contribute to neoangiogenesis. Carcinomas arising in double transgenic Her2-neu/HeyL mice showed higher tumor vessel density and significantly faster growth than tumors in parental Her2/neu mice. Providing mechanistic insight, microarray-based mRNA profiling of HS578T-tet-off-HEYL human breast cancer cells revealed upregulation of several angiogenic factors including CXCL1/2/3 upon HEYL expression, which was validated by RT-qPCR and protein array analysis. Upregulation of the cytokines CXCL1/2/3 occurred through direct binding of HEYL to their promoter sequences. We found that vessel growth and migration of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) was promoted by conditioned medium from HS578T-tet-off-HEYL carcinoma cells, but was blocked by neutralizing antibodies against CXCL1/2/3. Supporting these findings, suppressing HEYL expression using shRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly reduced tumor growth. In addition, suppressing the action of proangiogenic cytokines induced by HEYL using a small molecule inhibitor of the CXCl1/2/3 receptor, CXCR2, in combination with the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, bevacizumab, significantly reduced tumor growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts. Thus, HEYL expression in tumor epithelium has a profound effect on the vascular microenvironment in promoting neoangiogenesis. Furthermore, we show that lack of HEYL expression in endothelial cells leads to defects in neoangiogenesis, both under normal physiological conditions and in cancer. Thus, HeyL-/- mice showed impaired vessel outgrowth in the neonatal retina, while the growth of mammary tumor cells E0771 was retarded in syngeneic HeyL-/- mice compared to wild type C57/Bl6 mice. Blocking HEYL’s angiogenesis-promoting function in both tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelium may enhance efficacy of therapy targeting the tumor vasculature in breast cancer.
Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype D in Greenland Suggests the Presence of a Novel Quasi-Subgenotype

A disproportionate number of Greenland's Inuit population are chronically infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV; 5–10%). HBV genotypes B and D are most prevalent in the circumpolar Arctic. Here, we report 39 novel HBV/D sequences from individuals residing in southwestern Greenland. We performed phylodynamic analyses with ancient HBV DNA calibrators to investigate the origin and relationship of these taxa to other HBV sequences. We inferred a substitution rate of 1.4 × 10−5 [95% HPD 8.8 × 10−6, 2.0 × 10−5] and a time to the most recent common ancestor of 629 CE [95% HPD 37–1138 CE]. The Greenland taxa form a sister clade to HBV/D2 sequences, specifically New Caledonian and Indigenous Taiwanese sequences. The Greenland sequences share amino acid signatures with subgenotypes D1 and D2 and ~97% sequence identity. Our results suggest the classification of these novel sequences does not fit within the current nomenclature. Thus, we propose these taxa be considered a novel quasi-subgenotype.
Screening of Emerging Volatile Organic Contaminants in Shallow Groundwater in East China

In order to collect baseline information on the environmental occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater in East China, shallow groundwater samples were collected from five alluvial plains in East China in 2008 to 2009. All samples were analyzed for 54 VOCs representing a wide variety of uses and origins. Sampling sites were mainly selected in the areas to be susceptible to contamination from human activities in terms of previous hydrogeological survey. The data of all samples showed a variety of different hydrogeological systems with potential sources of VOCs, with 36 of the 54 VOCs being found. The most frequently detected compounds include naphthalene (56.9%), chloroform (16.9%), 1,2‐dichloroethane (16.2%), 1,2‐dichloropropane (13.1%), and 1,2,3‐trichlorobenzene (12.3%). The concentrations of methylene chloride, 1,2‐dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethene, 1,2‐dichloropropane, and tetrachloroethene exceeded the relating drinking water standards. Future work will be needed to identify those factors that are most important in determining the occurrence and concentrations of VOCs in groundwater in China.
The role of macromolecular architecture in passively targeted polymeric carriers for drug and gene delivery

The use of polymeric carriers for drug delivery has become increasingly popular because of the ability to easily tune the physical and biological properties of macromolecules. With the growing commercial accessibility of branched and dendritic polymers, their incorporation into polymeric carriers is being explored with increased frequency. However, while a handful of systematic studies have explored the use of branched macromolecules for drug delivery, the role of polymer architecture in optimizing the polymeric carriers is not yet fully understood. Herein, the authors summarize the effect that architecture has on the basic physical properties of polymers, and review our preliminary understanding of the architectural effects on polymer-assisted drug delivery.
South Atlantic Anomaly Areal Extent as a Possible Indicator of Geomagnetic Jerks in the Satellite Era

Geomagnetic jerks are sudden changes in the geomagnetic field secular variation related to changes in outer core flow patterns. Finding geophysical phenomena related to geomagnetic jerks provides a vital contribution to better understand the geomagnetic field behavior. Here, we link the geomagnetic jerks occurrence with one of the most relevant features of the geomagnetic field nowadays, the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), which is due to the presence of reversed flux patches (RFPs) at the Core-Mantle Boundary (CMB). Our results show that minima of acceleration of the areal extent of SAA calculated using the CHAOS-7 model (CHAOS-7.2 release) coincide with the occurrence of geomagnetic jerks for the last 2 decades. In addition, a new pulse in the secular acceleration of the radial component of the geomagnetic field has been observed at the CMB, with a maximum in 2016.2 and a minimum in 2017.5. This fact, along with the minimum observed in 2017.8 in the acceleration of the areal extent of SAA, could point to a new geomagnetic jerk. We have also analyzed the acceleration of the areal extent of South American and African RFPs at the CMB related to the presence of the SAA at surface and have registered minima in the same periods when they are observed in the SAA at surface. This reinforces the link found and would indicate that physical processes that produce the RFPs, and in turn the SAA evolution, contribute to the core dynamics at the origin of jerks.
Multi Criteria Decision Making System for Parking System

System supported smart parking can reduce traffic by making it stress free to locate empty parking spaces, hence lowering the risk of unfocussed driving. In this study, we propose a smart parking system using deep learning and an application-based approach. This system has two modules, one module detects and recognizes a license plate (LP), and the other selects a parking space; both modules use deep learning techniques. We used two modules that work independently to detect and recognize an LP by using an image of the vehicle. To detect parking space, only deep learning techniques were used. The two modules were compared with other state-of-the-art solutions. We utilized the You Only Look Once (YOLO) architecture to detect and recognize an LP because its performance in the context of Saudi Arabian LP numbers was superior to that of other solutions. Compared with existing state-of-the-art solutions, the performance of the proposed solution was more effective. The solution can be further improved for use in the city and large organizations that have priority parking spaces. A dataset of LP-annotated images of vehicles was used. The results of this study have considerable implications for smart parking, particularly in universities; in addition, they can be utilized for smart cities.
First principles study on the improved dehydrogenating properties of MgH 2 systems with metal fluorides

Energies and electronic structures of MgH2 systems were determined from the first principles calculations to explain the improving of their dehydrogenating properties by addition of metal fluorides as catalysts. These calculations show that a Mg vacancy can improve the thermodynamics of MgH2 systems and Mg atom replaced for Fe, Ti, Zr, V, Ni, Nb, Cr, Cu is energetically more favourable than formation of Mg vacancies at lower temperatures. Calculations of density of states (DOS) provide a particularly good explanation for a close agreement between the experimental results and theoretical predictions for improvements to the dehydrogenation kinetics of MgH2 systems for NiF2, NbF5, ZrF4 used as the catalysts.
Study of the Crystallization of Mandelic Acid in Water Using in Situ ATR−IR Spectroscopy

Different aspects related to the separation of enantiomers of mandelic acid by direct crystallization are explored. Solubility, nucleation, and solid-phase transformation in aqueous solutions are investigated. Results show that a metastable conglomerate can be formed for a substance known to appear as a racemic compound. After a time-lag, the conglomerate transforms into the stable racemic compound. The time-lag ranges from a few minutes to 8 h depending on the operation conditions. The time-lag decreases at increasing concentration/temperature and in the presence of micrometer-sized particles. In situ attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR−IR) spectroscopy and a partial least squares (PLS) calibration model are used to record the concentration of dissolved mandelic acid. Since no sampling is required and the calibration set, which is used on both racemic and enantiomerically pure solutions, can be built using the cheaper racemate, the technique should be of particular interest in applications involvi.
On the genuineness of citrus essential oils. Part X. Research on the composition of essential oils produced from sicilian lemons using ‘pelatrice’ and ‘sfumatrice’ extractors during the entire 1983/84 production season

The authors report the results of a study made on 488 samples of genuine lemon oil obtained by industrial processing during the 1983/84 season. The lemons, which came from Sicilian lemon-growing areas, were processed using ‘pelatrice’ or ‘sfumatrice’ extractors. Gas chromatography of all samples was effected using capillary columns. The ‘citral’ content and ‘CD’-values were also determined. From the gas chromatography of the oils and the fractions obtained by separation on neutral alumina columns, it has been possible to identify 34 components, which correspond to about 99.3% of the volatile fraction of the essential oil, and to establish the class to which numerous other components belong. The quantitative data obtained by gas chromatography are expressed separately, as the average of the values for each month, for the ‘pelatrice’ and ‘sfumatrice’ extracted oils. The quantitative variations found in the various classes of substances and in the principal components present in the lemon essential oils during the whole season of production are commented upon and the fundamental quantitative differences between ‘pelatrice’ and ‘sfumatrice’ extracted oils are illustrated. The results obtained are compared to those which resulted from an analogous study effected during the 1982/83 citrus production season, and confirm that the composition of lemon essential oil undergoes cyclic variations lasting one year.
Electrophoretic identification of hard white spring wheats grown at different locations in Pakistan in different years

Pakistani wheats were identified via acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) of gliadin proteins. Gliadin electrophoretograms of wheat cultivars were qualitatively independent of growth locations and years. The Pakistani wheat Faisalabad 83 and the American wheat KS84HW196 contained an intense gliadin band in the region of the relative mobility 50 band of Marquis. That band was readily distinguishable and was followed by distinct intense double bands in the same position as those of Marquis, and can be used as a reference for mobility assignments in wheat cultivar identification work. Minor differences in band intensities across locations and years were noticed. Identification tables based on band mobilities relative to Marquis and relative intensities were established.
The antiaging property of aqueous extract of Millingtonia hortensis flowers in aging neuron

Cellular senescence is the key mediator of cellular dysfunction before undergoing degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. The aging process was mainly by the overactivation of senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) enzyme before mediated several negative responses, including intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cellular senescence regulation, and death prior encourage synaptic loss. Thus, in the recent work, we evaluated the in vitro effects of aqueous extract of Millingtonia hortensis L. (MH) from flower in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence in SK-N-SH cells. Herein, we demonstrated that MH significantly increased cell viability and decreased both of apoptotic cells and ROS production in a dose-dependent manner comparing to aging group (P < 0.01) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, and ROS assay. Furthermore, the number of SA-β-gal-positive cells was also reduced in MH treatment (P < 0.01) together with the promotion of Sirt-1 protein. Importantly, MH also promoted the synaptic plasticity by decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and increased synaptophysin expression in aging neurons comparing to aging group (P < 0.01). Hispidulin (the active ingredient in MH) was also revealed the similarly effects to MH. Therefore, we suggested that MH might be beneficially for neurodegenerative disease that caused by aging.
Correlative study of tumor budding, mode of invasion and lymphocytic host response with known clinicopathological prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a significant public health problem in India, accounting to 30% of all cancers with a worrying rise in incidence and related mortality. Invasive tumor front (ITF) of OSCC has been an area of histopathologic research interest, where parameters like tumor budding (TB), mode of invasion (MOI) and lymphocytic host response (LHR) are being evaluated extensively. Objectives: The aim is to study and evaluate the possible association of ITF histological parameters such as TB, LHR and MOI with known clinicopathological prognostic factors in cases of OSCC. Subjects and Methods: We reviewed and analyzed 69 cases of OSCC for routine clinicopathological parameters, TB, MOI and LHR for any significant correlation (P < 0.05 by Chi-square test) with each other and with outcome in cases where follow-up was available. Results: TB correlated significantly with histological grade, worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), Lymphnodal involvement (LNI), Lymphovascular invasion (LVI), Perineural invasion (PNI) and age; MOI correlated with WPOI, LNI, LVI and PNI; and LHR significantly correlated with WPOI, PNI, Tumor size (pT) and outcome. TB showed a strong correlation with MOI (P < 0.001) and LHR; and no significant association was noted between LHR and MOI. Among all the clinicopathological parameters, depth of invasion, pT, WPOI, PNI and LHR showed significant correlation with outcome. Conclusion: TB, MOI and LHR showed good correlation with established parameters and as they are easy and helps in prognostication, they should be included in routine histopathological reporting guidelines.
Evaluation of glucose transporter-1 expression in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of oral cavity and is commonly preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) protein expression is upregulated in malignant cells that show increased glucose uptake. Alterations in GLUT-1 expression have been reported in several potentially malignant and malignant lesions. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of this study were to analyze and assess the role of GLUT-1 immunomarker in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and OSCC, to demonstrate and analyze the presence, location and intensity of GLUT-1 immunomarker in low-risk and high-risk OEDs and in different grades of OSCC and to correlate the expression of GLUT-1 immunomarker between normal oral mucosa (NOM), OED and different grades of OSCC. Materials and Methodology: A total of ninety paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, 15 each of NOM; low-risk and high-risk OED and well, moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC were stained with the immunomarker GLUT-1. Results and Observation: GLUT-1 immunoexpression was statistically significant in terms of number of positive cells, staining intensity, IRS score and level of staining within the epithelium and also within the cell between NOM, OED and OSCC. Conclusion: Increased GLUT-1 expression has a consistent role in the malignant transformation of OED and aggressiveness of OSCC.
Assessment of potential drug interactions among psychiatric inpatients receiving antipsychotic therapy of a secondary care hospital, United Arab Emirates

The majority of the antipsychotic drugs are also known to interact with other co-administered drugs. Drug–drug interaction (DDI) reports among patients receiving antipsychotic medications are common. The study aims to identify the potential drug–drug, drug–tobacco, and drug–ethanol interactions associated with antipsychotics and significant predictors of potential DDIs (pDDIs). A prospective observational study was conducted among psychiatric inpatients receiving antipsychotic therapy and met the inclusion criteria that were reviewed for the presence of pDDIs using DRUGDEX-Micromedex database 2.0. The identified pDDIs were graded according to the severity and type of documentation. A total of 110 patients had a minimum of a single interaction, and the overall frequency of pDDIs reported was 64.7%. Of 158 pDDIs, 92 interactions (58.2%) were of major severity, while 66 interactions were of moderate severity (41.8%). Olanzapine with valproate (40 [25.3%]) was the most commonly documented pDDIs, followed by risperidone with valproate (20 [12.6%]). Olanzapine with tobacco (20 [69%]) was the most common drug–tobacco interaction. Simultaneously, olanzapine with ethanol was the most common potential drug and ethanol interaction (9 [50%]). Variables such as the number of drugs and polypharmacy statistically significantly predicted pDDIs (F[7, 162] = 8.155, P < 0.05, R2 = 0.26). Knowing the severity of different pDDIs will help clinicians and prescribers monitor patient safety through regular monitoring for interactions and adverse drug effects in future. The number of medications and polypharmacy was found to be the most significant predictor of pDDIs.