Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional nonlocal heating theory of planar-type inductively coupled plasma discharge

A two-dimensional heating theory of planar-type inductively coupled plasma (ICP) discharge is developed. The theory includes the anomalous skin effect with an arbitrary value of electron collision frequency and source current. Based on the uniqueness theorem of wave equation, wave excitation by the source current is determined. With the calculated electromagnetic fields, plasma resistance is expressed as a function of various parameters such as plasma density ${\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{p}}$, electron temperature ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{e}}$, radius of chamber R, length of plasma ${\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{p}}$, shielding cap length ${\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{s}}$, electron collision frequency \ensuremath{\nu}, excitation frequency \ensuremath{\omega}, and the position and size of the antenna coil.
Unravelling the mechanism of the semiconducting-like behavior and its relation to superconductivity in 
(CaFe1−xPtxAs)10Pt3As8

The temperature-dependence of the in-plane optical properties of (CaFe$_{1-x}$Pt$_{x}$As)$_{10}$Pt$_{3}$As$_{8}$ have been investigated for the undoped ($x=$0) parent compound, and the optimally-doped ($x=$0.1) superconducting material ($T_{c}\simeq$ 12 K) over a wide frequency range. The optical conductivity has been described using two free-carrier (Drude) components, in combination with oscillators to describe interband transitions. At room temperature, the parent compound may be described by a strong, broad Drude term, as well as a narrow, weaker Drude component. Below the structural and magnetic transitions at $\simeq$ 96 and 83 K, respectively, strength is transferred from the free-carrier components into a bound excitation at $\simeq$ 1000 cm$^{-1}$, and the material exhibits semiconducting-like behavior. In the optimally-doped sample, at room temperature the optical properties are again described by narrow and broad Drude responses comparable to the parent compound; however, below $T^\ast \simeq$ 100 K, strength from the narrow Drude is transferred into a newly-emergent low-energy peak at $\simeq$ 120 cm$^{-1}$, which arises from a localization process, resulting in semiconducting-like behavior. Interestingly, below $T_{c}$, this peak also contributes to the superfluid weight, indicating that some localized electrons condense into Cooper pairs; this observation may provide insight into the pairing mechanism in iron-based superconductors.
Wormholes with fluid sources: A no-go theorem and new examples

For static, spherically symmetric space-times in general relativity (GR), a no-go theorem is proved: it excludes the existence of wormholes with flat and/or AdS asymptotic regions on both sides of the throat if the source matter is isotropic, i.e., the radial and tangential pressures coincide. It explains why in all previous attempts to build such solutions it was necessary to introduce boundaries with thin shells that manifestly violate the isotropy of matter. Under a simple assumption on the behavior of the spherical radius $r(x)$, we obtain a number of examples of wormholes with isotropic matter and one or both de Sitter asymptotic regions, allowed by the no-go theorem. We also obtain twice asymptotically flat wormholes with anisotropic matter, both symmetric and asymmetric with respect to the throat, under the assumption that the scalar curvature is zero. These solutions may be on equal grounds interpreted as those of GR with a traceless stress-energy tensor and as vacuum solutions in a brane world. For such wormholes, the traversability conditions and gravitational lensing properties are briefly discussed. As a by-product, we obtain twice asymptotically flat regular black hole solutions with up to four Killing horizons. As another by-product, we point out intersection points in families of integral curves for the function $A(x) = g_{tt}$, parametrized by its values on the throat.
Group Theoretical Hidden Structure of Supergravity Theories in Higher Dimensions

The purpose of my PhD thesis is to investigate different group theoretical and geometrical aspects of supergravity theories. To this aim, several research topics are explored: On one side, the construction of supergravity models in diverse space-time dimensions, including the study of boundary contributions, and the disclosure of the hidden gauge structure of these theories; on the other side, the analysis of the algebraic links among different superalgebras related to supergravity theories. In the first three chapters, we give a general introduction and furnish the theoretical background necessary for a clearer understanding of the thesis. In particular, we recall the rheonomic (also called geometric) approach to supergravity theories, where the field curvatures are expressed in a basis of superspace. This includes the Free Differential Algebras framework (an extension of the Maurer-Cartan equations to involve higher-degree differential forms), since supergravity theories in D ≥ 4 space-time dimensions contain gauge potentials described by p-forms, of various p > 1, associated to p-index antisymmetric tensors. Considering D = 11 supergravity in this set up, we also review how the supersymmetric Free Differential Algebra describing the theory can be traded for an ordinary superalgebra of 1-forms, which was introduced for the first time in the literature in the '80s. This hidden superalgebra underlying D = 11 supergravity (which we will refer to as the DF-algebra) includes the so called M-algebra being, in particular, a spinor central extension of it. We then move to the original results of my PhD research activity: We start from the development of the so called AdS-Lorentz supergravity in D = 4 by adopting the rheonomic approach and discuss on boundary contributions to the theory. Subsequently, we focus on the analysis of the hidden gauge structure of supersymmetric Free Differential Algebras. More precisely, we concentrate on the hidden superalgebras underlying D = 11 and D = 7 supergravities, exploring the symmetries hidden in the theories and the physical role of the nilpotent fermionic generators naturally appearing in the aforementioned superalgebras. After that, we move to the pure algebraic and group theoretical description of (super)algebras, focusing on new analytic formulations of the so called S-expansion method. The final chapter contains the summary of the results of my doctoral studies presented in the thesis and possible future developments. In the Appendices, we collect notation, useful formulas, and detailed calculations.
Mass functions in coupled dark energy models

We evaluate the mass function of virialized halos, by using Press and Schechter (PS) and/or Steth and Tormen (ST) expressions, for cosmologies where dark energy (DE) is due to a scalar self-interacting field, coupled with dark matter (DM). We keep to coupled DE (cDE) models known to fit linear observables. To implement the PS-ST approach, we start from reviewing and extending the results of a previous work on the growth of a spherical top-hat fluctuation in cDE models, confirming their most intriguing astrophysical feature, i.e. a significant baryon-DM segregation, occurring well before the onset of any hydrodynamical effect. Accordingly, the predicted mass function depends on how halo masses are measured. For any option, however, the coupling causes a distortion of the mass function, still at z=0. Furthermore, the z-dependence of cDE mass functions is mostly displaced, in respect to {lambda}CDM, in the opposite way of uncoupled dynamical DE. This is an aspect of the basic underlying result, that even a little DM-DE coupling induces relevant modifications in the nonlinear evolution. Therefore, without causing great shifts in linear astrophysical observables, the DM-baryon segregation induced by the coupling can have an impact on a number of cosmological problems, e.g., galaxy satellite abundance,more » spiral disk formation, apparent baryon shortage, entropy input in clusters, etc.« less
The FIRST Sample of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies at High Redshift. I. Sample and Near-Infrared Morphologies

We present a new sample of distant ultraluminous infrared galaxies. The sample was selected from a positional cross-correlation of the IRAS Faint Source Catalog with the FIRST database. Objects from this set were selected for spectroscopy by virtue of following the well-known star-forming galaxy correlation between 1.4 GHz and 60 μm flux, and by being optically faint on the POSS. Optical identification and spectroscopy were obtained for 108 targets at the Lick Observatory 3 m telescope. Most objects show spectra typical of starburst galaxies and do not show the high-ionization lines of active galactic nuclei. The redshift distribution covers 0.1 < z < 0.9, with 13 objects at z > 0.5 and an average redshift of = 0.31. K-band images were obtained at the IRTF, Lick, and Keck observatories in sub-arcsec seeing of all optically identified targets. About two-thirds of the objects appear to be interacting galaxies, while the other one-third appear to be normal. Nearly all the identified objects have far-IR luminosities greater than 1011 L⊙, and ∼25% have LFIR > 1012 L⊙.
Fast Magnetic Reconnection: “Ideal” Tearing and the Hall Effect

One of the main questions in magnetic reconnection is the origin of triggering behavior with on/off properties that, once it is activated, accounts for the fast magnetic energy conversion to kinetic and thermal energies at the heart of explosive events in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. Over the past decade, progress has been made on the initiation of fast reconnection via the plasmoid instability and what has been called “ideal” tearing, which sets in once current sheets thin to a critical inverse aspect ratio . As shown by Pucci & Velli, at , the timescale for the instability to develop becomes of the order of the Alfvén time and independent of the Lundquist number (here defined in terms of current sheet length L). However, given the large values of S in natural plasmas, this transition might occur for thicknesses of the inner resistive singular layer that are comparable to the ion inertial length di. When this occurs, Hall currents produce a three-dimensional quadrupole structure of the magnetic field, and the dispersive waves introduced by the Hall effect accelerate the instability. Here we present a linear study showing how the “ideal” tearing mode critical aspect ratio is modified when Hall effects are taken into account, including more general scaling laws of the growth rates in terms of sheet inverse aspect ratio: the critical inverse aspect ratio is amended to , at which point the instability growth rate becomes Alfvénic and does not depend on either of the (small) parameters . We discuss the implications of this generalized triggering aspect ratio for recently developed phase diagrams of magnetic reconnection.
Energy conversion in a glass-laser-induced blast wave in air

Near-infrared solid laser-induced blast waves were investigated using a Q-switched Nd:glass laser oscillating at 1053 nm wavelength, up to 2.0 J/pulse laser energy Ei, and 33 ns pulse duration (full width at half maximum). Half-shadowgraph half-self-emission visualization elucidated laser detonation waves and blast waves. Laser output and transmission through the waves were measured using pairs of a photodetectors and energy meters. Results show volumetric absorption in this near-infrared region, which is mainly attributable to low inverse-Bremsstrahlung absorption coefficients at short wavelengths. Some input laser energy was converted into blast wave energy: 59% at Ei=1.0 J/pulse, which approximates that of CO2 laser-induced blast waves.
Interaction of wake turbulence with a free surface

The turbulent wake of a flat plate aligned with a uniform water flow and extending through the free surface was investigated experimentally. Laser‐Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements show good agreement with published data for a two‐dimensional wake, except in a shallow layer near the free surface. In this surface layer, the wake width is observed to double while the wake centerline velocity remains essentially unchanged from its value at depth, resulting in a wake momentum deficit that is twice that at depth. Instantaneous, full‐field measurements of the velocity were made using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to elucidate the role of vortical structures in the development of the surface layer. DPIV measurements reveal that in the deep wake, vortex structures predominantly of opposite sign exist on opposite sides of the wake centerline and contribute to a velocity and vorticity field that is two‐dimensional in the mean. However, near the surface, vortex structures tend to become either surfa.
Third-nearest WZ Sge-Type dwarf nova candidate ASASSN-14dx classified on the basis of Gaia Data Release 2

ASASSN-14dx showed an extraordinary outburst whose features are the small outburst amplitude (~ 2.3 mag) and long duration (> 4 years). Because we found a long observational gap of 123 d before the outburst detection, we propose that the main outburst plateau was missed and that this outburst is just a "fading tail" often seen after the WZ Sge-type superoutbursts. In order to distinguish between WZ Sge and SU UMa-type dwarf novae (DNe), we investigated Gaia DR2 statistically. We applied a logistic regression model and succeeded in classifying by using absolute Gaia magnitudes $M_{G}$ and Gaia colors $G_{\rm BP}-G_{\rm RP}$. Our new classifier also suggests that ASASSN-14dx is the best candidate of a WZ Sge-type DN. We estimated distances from the earth of known WZ Sge stars by using Gaia DR2 parallaxes. The result indicates that ASASSN-14dx is the third nearest WZ Sge star (next to WZ Sge and V455 And), and hence the object can show the third brightest WZ Sge-type superoutburst whose maximum is $V$ = 8-9 mag.
Cardiac Troponin, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review

Elevated cardiac troponin, a biomarker of myocardial injury, has been found in individuals with brain damage and lower cognitive function. We conducted a systematic review to examine the association of troponin with cognitive function, incidence of dementia and dementia-related outcomes. PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched from inception to August 2022. Inclusion criteria were: (i) population-based cohort studies; (ii) troponin measured as determinant; and (iii) cognitive function in any metric or diagnosis of any type of dementia or dementia-related measures as outcomes. Fourteen studies were identified and included, with a combined total of 38,286 participants. Of these studies, four examined dementia-related outcomes, eight studies examined cognitive function, and two studies examined both dementia-related outcomes and cognitive function. Studies report higher troponin to be associated with higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (n=1), incident dementia (n=1), increased risk of dementia hospitalization (specifically due to vascular dementia) (n=1), but not with incident Alzheimer’s Disease (n=2). Majority of studies on cognitive function found elevated troponin also associated with worse global cognitive function (n=3), attention (n=2), reaction time (n=1) and visuomotor speed (n=1), both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Evidence regarding the association between higher troponin and memory, executive function, processing speed, language and visuospatial function was mixed. This was the first systematic review on the association between troponin, cognitive function, and dementia. Higher troponin is associated with subclinical cerebrovascular damage and might act as a risk-marker of cognitive vulnerability.
BCNet: A Deep Learning Computer-Aided Diagnosis Framework for Human Peripheral Blood Cell Identification

Blood cells carry important information that can be used to represent a person’s current state of health. The identification of different types of blood cells in a timely and precise manner is essential to cutting the infection risks that people face on a daily basis. The BCNet is an artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep learning (DL) framework that was proposed based on the capability of transfer learning with a convolutional neural network to rapidly and automatically identify the blood cells in an eight-class identification scenario: Basophil, Eosinophil, Erythroblast, Immature Granulocytes, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Neutrophil, and Platelet. For the purpose of establishing the dependability and viability of BCNet, exhaustive experiments consisting of five-fold cross-validation tests are carried out. Using the transfer learning strategy, we conducted in-depth comprehensive experiments on the proposed BCNet’s architecture and test it with three optimizers of ADAM, RMSprop (RMSP), and stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Meanwhile, the performance of the proposed BCNet is directly compared using the same dataset with the state-of-the-art deep learning models of DensNet, ResNet, Inception, and MobileNet. When employing the different optimizers, the BCNet framework demonstrated better classification performance with ADAM and RMSP optimizers. The best evaluation performance was achieved using the RMSP optimizer in terms of 98.51% accuracy and 96.24% F1-score. Compared with the baseline model, the BCNet clearly improved the prediction accuracy performance 1.94%, 3.33%, and 1.65% using the optimizers of ADAM, RMSP, and SGD, respectively. The proposed BCNet model outperformed the AI models of DenseNet, ResNet, Inception, and MobileNet in terms of the testing time of a single blood cell image by 10.98, 4.26, 2.03, and 0.21 msec. In comparison to the most recent deep learning models, the BCNet model could be able to generate encouraging outcomes. It is essential for the advancement of healthcare facilities to have such a recognition rate improving the detection performance of the blood cells.
Theorems on Entanglement Typicality in Non-equilibrium Dynamics

The notion of typicality in statistical mechanics is essential to characterize a macroscopic system. An overwhelming majority of the pure state looks almost identical if we neglect macroscopic non-local correlations, suggesting that thermal equilibrium is the collection of the typical properties. Quantum entanglement, which characterizes a non-local correlation, also has a typical behavior in equilibrium systems. However, it remains elusive whether there is a typical behavior of entanglement in dynamical non-equilibrium systems. To investigate the typicality, we consider a situation where a system in a pure state starts to share entanglement with its environment system due to the interaction between them. Assuming the initial state is randomly chosen from an ensemble of pure states, a criteria for the typicality of the R\'enyi entropies is presented. In addition, it is analytically proven that the second R\'enyi entropy has a typical behavior in two cases. The first one is an energy dissipation process in a multiple-qubit system which is initially in a random pure state in an energy shell. Since the typical behavior is qualitatively the same as the prediction of the Page curve conjecture, it gives the first proof of the Page curve conjecture in a dynamical process. In the second case, the typicality is proven for any dynamics described by a multiple-product of a single-qudit channel when the system is initially in a pure state randomly chosen from the whole Hilbert space. This result shows that entanglement typicality is not a specific feature of energy dissipating processes.
Inside the black box: do teachers practice assessment as learning?

The conceptual development of assessment literature in recent years has been remarkable. One of the latest concepts to have emerged in parallel with this development is Assessment as Learning (AsL). This study investigated how AsL pertains to classroom practices within its conceptual framework by examining teacher reports. Case study design, a qualitative research method, was used to collect detailed information about in-class teacher practices. The teachers were interviewed with semi-structured interview forms and the data obtained were then analyzed using content analysis. The results revealed that in-class teacher practices were incapable of supporting AsL and promoting self-regulated behaviors and that many of the activities conducted in class were teacher-centered. Teachers did not apply self-assessment or peer-assessment practices, and the feedback they gave to students was mainly based on measurement scores. The researchers discussed the results in relation to the relevant literature and offered some suggestions for applying AsL in practice.
Modeling the atomtronic analog of an optical polarizing beam splitter, a half-wave plate, and a quarter-wave plate for phonons of the motional state of two trapped atoms

In this paper we propose a scheme to model the phonon analog of optical elements, including a polarizing beam splitter, a half- wave plate, and a quarter- wave plate, as well as an implementation of CNOT and Pauli gates, by using two atoms confined in a 2D plane. The internal states of the atoms are taken to be Rydberg circular states. Using this model we can manipulate the motional state of the atom, with possible applications in optomechanical integrated circuits for quantum information processing and quantum simulation. Towards this aim, we study the interaction of two trapped atoms with two circularly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian beams, in such a way that the beams illuminate selectively only one of the atoms.
Double-Lobed Radio Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We have combined a sample of 44,984 quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 3 with the FIRST radio survey. Using a novel technique in which the optical quasar position is matched to the complete radio environment within 450″, we are able to characterize the radio morphological makeup of what is essentially an optically selected quasar sample, regardless of whether the quasar (nucleus) itself has been detected in the radio. About 10% of the quasar population has radio cores brighter than 0.75 mJy at 1.4 GHz, and 1.7% have double-lobed FR2-like radio morphologies. About 75% of the FR2 sources have a radio core (>0.75 mJy). A significant fraction (∼40%) of the FR2 quasars are bent by more than 10°, indicating interactions of the radio plasma with either the intracluster medium or intergalactic medium. We found no evidence for correlations with redshift among our FR2 quasars; radio lobe flux densities and radio source diameters of the quasars have similar distributions at low (mean 0.77) and high (mean 2.09) redshifts. Using a smaller high-reliability FR2 sample of 422 quasars and two comparison samples of radio-quiet and non-FR2 radio-loud quasars matched in their redshift distributions, we constructed composite optical spectra from the SDSS spectroscopic data. Based on these spectra we can conclude that the FR2 quasars have stronger high-ionization emission lines compared to both the radio-quiet and non-FR2 radio-loud sources. This is consistent with the notion that the emission lines are brightened by ongoing shock ionization of ambient gas in the quasar host as the radio source expands.