Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUADERNI DEL DIPARTIMENTO DI ECONOMIA POLITICA E STATISTICA

This paper analyses the structure of Italian capitalism during the post-WWII economic miracle by focusing on the governance and management of small and medium firms. Using innovative sources, the paper shows that poorly conceived and/or enforced laws and legislation created incentive for business owners to be stockholders rather than stakeholders of their firms. This attitude emerges in two areas. Firstly, Italian business owners adopted structures of governance aimed only at protecting insiders, often at the expense of firms’ development. Secondly, in Italy business consultants had a unique and wide role in the management of firms, and acted to protect the benefits of insiders rather than the interests of the company. These two issues also contribute to explain the well-known problem of the dwarfism of Italian firms and the scarce capacity to innovate. JEL classification: N440; K22; L25. The authors wish to thank for comments and criticisms the attendants to the Annual Conference of the Economic History Society (Cambridge, 2011) and of the European Business History Association (Athens, 2011), and to seminars at the University of Birmingham, UK (Birmingham, 2010), Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna (Pisa, 2014), the University of Siena (Siena, 2014), and the University of Pisa (Pisa, 2014). We also thank for precious advise Alberto Baccini, Alberto Dalmazzo, Silvia Di Martino, Giovanni Federico, and Alessandro Nuvolari. Last but not least, we must thank Sara Pecchioli for her valuable research assistance. Usual caveat applies. Paolo Di Martino (p.dimartino@bham.ac.uk) (Birmingham Business School, UK, and Dipartimento di Economia Politica e Statistica, Universita di Siena, Italy) Michelangelo Vasta (vasta@unisi.it) (Dipartimento di Economia Politica e Statistica, Universita di Siena, Italy)
Policy co-ordination and growth traps in a middle- income country setting: The case of South Africa

South Africa has exhibited tepid economic growth over the past twenty years as well as high levels of income inequality characteristic of a middle income country growth trap. This paper compares and contrasts South Africaâ€™s growth trap relative to middle-income peer economies. In addition, we study the policies and structures of the South African economy that have indeed perpetuated the persistently low levels of growth observed. In particular we consider the capital-intensive nature of manufacturing, regulation in the telecommunication and transport sector and the inadequacies of Black Economic Empowerment policies. The paper concludes discussing the welfare outcomes on the vast majority of South Africans who are unable to participate in the economy
Investigation and analysis on HPV infection status of 2 497 patients with gynecological disease in Chongqing

Objective:To investigate HPV infection status of women in Chongqing in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the cervical cancer.Methods:The infection status of HPV in 2 497 outpatients of gynecology department was examined with gene chip technique in Chongqing Obstetric and Gynecology Hospital from May 2009 to November 2011.The infection status of various subtypes of HPV was compared and analyzed.Results:Among the 2 497 patients,432 patients were infected with HPV(17.30%),and 274 patients were infected with HR-HPV(high risk HPV,10.97%). Out of the 23 subtypes of HPV,HPV-16(32.18%,139/432)was the most common of all types,followed by subtypes HPV-43(18.75%,81/432),HPV-58(15.05%,65/432),HPV-52(13.19%,57/432),HPV-6(8.56%,37/432),and there was no HPV-44 or HPV-MM4.In the HPV positive patients,103(23.84%,103/432) patients were compound infected,of whom 82(18.98%,82/432)patients were superinfected.The HPV positive rate in old women(≥50) was higher than that in the young crowd.Conclusion:It is important to detect and control HPV infection in order to prevent and treat cervical cancer.
The Changing Face of Central Banking

Central banks have emerged as the key players in national and international policy making. This book explores their evolution since World War II in 20 industrial countries. The study considers the mix of economic, political and institutional forces that have affected central bank behaviour and its relationship with government. The analysis reconciles vastly different views about the role of central banks in the making of economic policies. One finding is that monetary policy is an evolutionary process.
Cultural isolation and PCR based assay for detection of flaA gene of Campylobacter jejuni from acute diarrheic patients in tertiary care hospital at Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Aim: Among bacterial causes of acute diarrhea Campylobacter species is frequently responsible. Campylobacter spp . is the leading agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in developed as well as developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter spp . isolated from stool sample of acute diarrheic patients. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Two hundred stool samples of children of age between 6 months to 5 years with diarrhea/dysentery were taken from outpatient and inpatient department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Dhaka Shishu Hospital from the 1st January, 2011 to 31st December, 2011. The study was carried out at the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College (DMC). Methodology: The samples were inoculated on Campy-Bap media and MacConkey’s agar media and were incubated at 42°C under microaerophilic condit ions. The growth after 48 hours was provisionally identified by colonial morphology, oxidase test, catalase test, Gram staining and motility. The organisms were identified to species level by hippurate hydrolysis and resistance to cephalothin. All isolates of Campylobacter jejuni by using conventional bacteriological method were also positive using the Polymerized Chain Reaction (PCR) assay by detecting flaA gene specific for Campylobacter jejuni . Susceptibilities of 27 Campylobacter isolates were determined for seven antimicrobial drugs using the disk diffusion assay. Results: Using conventional bacteriological methods, 27(13.5%) of 200 stool samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. Among isolated Campylobacter spp, Campylobacter jejuni was (88.89%); the remaining isolates were Campylobacter coli (11.11%). Peak age of children with Campylobacter spp . infection was 6-12 months. The male and female ratio was 1.5:1. Resistance to co-trimoxazole was the most common finding, followed by resistance to nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin.
Is devaluation contractionary? empirical evidence for Pakistan

The paper investigates the effect of real devaluation on economic growth. In the empirical model we also include other theoretically justified variables in the case of Pakistan, such as foreign remittances, money supply, and government spending. The paper implements the ADF method to test check the stationarity of the series; and the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration to establish a long run relationship. The findings affirm cointegration among the series. Real devaluation exerts contractionary effect on economic growth. The results from variance decomposition and impulse response-function show unidirectional causality from foreign remittances to economic growth; and bidirectional causality between money supply and foreign remittances. Furthermore, money supply Granger causes government spending; while devaluation Granger causes economic growth, albeit, weakly. The results should help in formulating a comprehensive trade policy including the use of competitive devaluation as a tool to correct balance of payments problems.
Emergency medical services in response to the middle east respiratory syndrome outbreak in Korea

한국에서 중동호흡기증후군(Middle East respiratory syndrome, MERS; 메르스) 환자의 응급실 감염은 2015년 5월 20일 첫 국내 메르스 확진자가 발생한 후 15일 뒤에 발 생되었으며 이후 응급실 감염이 전체 메르스 감염의 확산의 주 원인이 되었다(Figure 1). 7월 8일 현재, 한국에서 메르 스 확진자 186명 중 응급실 감염자가 89명 및 구급차 이송 중에 감염된 것으로 확진 된 경우 3예로 전체 92예(49.5%) 가 응급의료서비스 이용 중에 메르스에 감염되었다. 중동지 역에서 1차 감염자가 국내에 들어와서 입원병동 중심의 메 르스 감염에서 응급실 중심의 메르스 감염으로 이어진 것은 한국에서 첫 메르스 감염자 발생 15일 이후이다. 첫 감염자 발생 15일 이후 응급실 중심의 감염전파는 다른 병원으로 전 원되는 과정 중에 응급실을 이용하면서 전파가 확산되었기 때문이다. 이에 본 저자는 응급의료서비스 이용 중 감염의 원인을 분석하고 응급의학적 대응조치를 제시 하고자 한다.
SME policy and the regional dimension of innovation : towards a new paradigm for innovation policy?

Based on the empirical findings achieved in a comparative research,involving 40 innovation policy instruments in 11 European regions, thispaper exposes the claim for a new innovation policy paradigm andproposes a shift in rationale and in broad orientations for innovationpolicy, addressing SMEs in their regional context. The main role forinnovation policy, which aims to increase the capacity of a region andthe capabilities of its SMEs to innovate, is to foster interactive learningwithin the firms and within the region. This calls for an interactivemode of policy intervention.The paper also deals with the question of how to build a coherentportfolio of policy instruments, taking into account both regionalsituations and specific SMEs needs in terms of innovation. The keymessage delivered is that there is no "one-size-fits-all" policy portfolio.Regional differences in innovation capabilities call for a tailored mix ofpolicy instruments. One salient element of the conclusion is the need formore "policy intelligence" in this complex field.
Establishing a Valid , Reliable Measure of Writing Apprehension for Japanese Students

A large body of research deals with anxiety in foreign or second language learning. However, little research has been conducted on anxiety as it pertains to foreign or second language writing. The limited amount of research that does exist utilizes Daly and Miller's Writing Apprehension Test (DM-WAT), a questionnaire designed for first language (Ll) writing students. Until recently, no attempts have been made to validate the questionnaire for a second language (L2) population. This paper reports on our attempts to validate a translated DMWAT for Japanese students of English. A valid measure of L2 writing apprehension could identify at-risk writers, predict academic success in writing, and present benchmarks against which to measure the'success of treatments designed to lower writing apprehension. Initial results seem to indicate that a translated, modified version of the DM-WAT is a valid measure of writing apprehension for Japanese junior college students of English. ~OO~, b I. < Ij~=~~~"ln ~:j3lt ,Q/f'*~ (anxiety) ~: "? "'-Clj, ~ < (7). fiJf~itrtj ~:hL"',Qil{, '7171 :/7'~:~I. --Clj, anxiety ~:IMl-t,Q.fiJf~il{llclvc·tj",o b-ril"'~: ~r.J~~:h -C,,',Q.fiJf~lj, ~~i-iiJ:OO~~:-t ,Q~"ln~,EfH:"? < ~ :ht~ rr 1 'J c ~ '7 -~: J:,Q '71 71 :/ 7'/f'*~7 A" (DM-WAT)J i-1~-? t~ b (7)-c'ifJ,Qo ;:: < -m:Jli:i -c':: (7)7 A " i-, ~~ i-~=~OO~ft c -t ,Q 7' )v 7" I: ~ffl-t ,Q :: c Ij, ~<h. ~:h -C'" tj 1)' -? t~ 0 :: (7)~Jt-c'lj, B *A(7)~m~Wl~ioJlt ~:lJlfR I.t~DM-W AT(7), Jgffl (7)~<h. ~: "? "'-C~ 1! r-t,Q 0 ~=~~-c'(7) '7171 :/ 7'~:j3",-C, ~Wl~iI{*I~-t ,Q/f'*~i-~IU:iAUJE-t,Q :: c~: J: ~, '7171:/ 7'~:rI2Hl! (7)ifJ,Q~Wl~i~iltl. -t': 1. -, it. :. c'-? -t:hlf1*:ht~ '71 71 / 7'ilt -c' ~ ,Q ii' i-~-t 0 ~ ~~: Ij '7171 :/ 7'(7)/f'*~ i-~b ~ If,Q j;fjff it~ -C ,Q ~: ifJ~-? -C(7),m~i-~-t::c#-c'~,Qofi •• DM-WATi-B*(7)H*~m~. ~~~<h. ~ c :: 0, ~-~~ c I. --C Ij~. iEtj*a*ilt~~ ~ :ht~o
Does Political Competition Matter for Economic Performance? Evidence from Sub-National Data

The study utilises data on major Indian states for the period 1980–2004 to explore the impact of political competition on state-level income and fiscal variables. The findings suggest that an increase in political competition leads to an increase in state per capita income and growth. In terms of magnitude, a proportionate increase in political competition, measured in terms of vote margin, raises per capita income by roughly 0.001. Focusing on fiscal variables, the analysis indicates that tighter political competition increases economic expenditure. The evidence also appears consistent with the career concern hypothesis, which suggests that politicians increase developmental spending in order to improve their re-election prospects.
Making Sense of Cents: An Examination of Firms That Marginally Miss or Beat Analyst Forecasts

This paper examines the performance consequences of cutting discretionary expenditures and managing accruals to exceed analyst forecasts. We show that firms that just beat analyst forecasts with low quality earnings exhibit a short-term stock price benefit relative to firms that miss forecasts with high quality earnings. This trend, however, reverses over a 3-year horizon. Additionally, firms reducing discretionary expenditures to beat forecasts have significantly greater equity issuances and insider selling in the following year, consistent with managers understanding the myopic nature of their actions. Our results confirm survey evidence suggesting managers engage in myopic behavior to beat benchmarks. Copyright (c) 2009 the American Finance Association.
Supplying large firms: The role of entrepreneurial and dynamic capabilities in small businesses

Drawing on the concepts of ‘entrepreneurial’ and ‘dynamic’ capabilities, this study examines the capabilities that allow small firms to operate as suppliers to large organizations in the public and private sectors. Interest in this topic is fuelled by academic speculation about the extent to which such supply chain relationships can facilitate the growth of small firms and by current policy initiatives to promote small firm-friendly procurement practices. Based on the evidence from 18 small firms, the study shows how entrepreneurial and a variety of dynamic capabilities are intertwined in subtle and complex ways, and how the development of one shapes and is shaped by the development and use of the other. In doing so, the article contributes to identifying small firm capabilities that together underpin a higher-order dynamic capability required to supply large firms and to the debate on the nature and types of such capabilities.
The Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on the Prices and Volume of Foreign Trade

Este estudio se basa en la experiencia de tipos de cambio del periodo correspondiente al Acuerdo del Smithsonian, para analizar el efecto de las variaciones del tipo de cambio sobre los precios de los bienes intercambiados, asi como sobre los flujos comerciales de Estados Unidos, Canada, Japon y varios paises de Europa occidental. A diferencia de las investigaciones econometricas sobre el mismo tema, este estudio adopta el enfoque del “pais de referencia” para aislar de los efectos de los demas factores el efecto de las variaciones de tipo de cambio sobre los precios y volumenes de los bienes intercambiados. Este enfoque requiere el uso de variaciones porcentuales (de 1970 a 1972 y de 1970 a 1973) en los tipos de cambio bilaterales y en los flujos de comercio bilateral entre el pais analizado y cada uno de los principales paises con quienes comercia. Los resultados para cada uno de los siete paises estudiados incluyen: 1) una estimacion del efecto de las variaciones de los tipos de cambio traspasado a las importaciones y exportaciones; 2) el efecto estimado sobre el volumen de importacion y exportacion; 3) la variacion de la relacion de intercambio; 4) las elasticidades implicitas de la demanda de importaciones asi como de la demanda extranjera de exportaciones procedente del pais considerado, y 5) la elasticidad estimada de sustitucion en su propio mercado, entre abastecedores de terceros paises, derivada de las variaciones experimentadas por los precios entre 1970 y 1972, y entre 1970 y 1973. Hay gran correlacion entre los resultados y la esperanza teorica. Cuando se puede hacer comparaciones, concuerdan estas con las estimaciones logradas por otros metodos. Los calculos arrojaron (en su fase media) estimaciones del grado de traslapo comercial entre paises exportadores a importadores. Aunque el traslapo comercial no guarda relacion con los temas tratados en este articulo, estos calculos pueden resultarles utiles a otros investigadores (por ejemplo al desarrollar o experimentar teorias relativas a la composicion del comercio por productos), y quedan expuestos en el Apendice.
EFFECT OF COMPOST, BIO-FERTILIZER AND ACTIVE DRY YEAST ON ORIGANUM SYRIACUM, L. PLANTS UNDER SINAI CONDITIONS

This experiment was conducted at El-Maghara Research Station (North Sinai), Desert Research Center, during the two successive seasons of 2004 and 2005 to study the effect of compost, bio-fertilizer and yeast on growth , oil production and chemical composition of Origanum syriacum L. cv. Sinaicum (Boiss). The plants were fertilized with compost at the rates 5, 10 and 20 m3/feddan, bio-fertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum sp., Bacillus cirulans and Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum) and active dry yeast at the concentrations of 0, 5 and 10 g /L. The results showed that compost application at 10 and 20 m3/feddan enhanced number of branches, herb fresh and dry weights, oil percentage, oil yield / plant and chemical composition (N, P, K and total carbohydrates percentage ) of oregano plants. Compost at 10 m3/feddan was the most effective treatment followed by 20m3/ feddan. Active dry yeast, at 5 or 10 g /L led to a significant increment in vegetative growth parameters, oil percentage and oil yield / plant, as well as chemical composition ( N, P , K and total carbohydrates percentage) . Yeast at 5 g /L was the most effective treatment in most cases. Whereas Yeast at 10 g / L was the most effective treatment on oil percentage. Bio-fertilizer led to a significant increase in number of branches, fresh and dry weights / plant, oil percentage, oil yield/ plant, and chemical composition (N, P, K and total carbohydrates percentages) in both two seasons. Interaction had a significant effect on all parameters. Compost at 10 or 20 m3 / feddan plus bio-fertilizer plus active dry yeast at 5 or 10 g /L gave the highest values of vegetative growth parameters, oil percentage, oil yield / plant and N, P , K and total carbohydrates percentage. Keywords: .
The Impact of Jumps in Volatility and Returns

This paper examines continuous-time stochastic volatility models incorporating jumps in returns and volatility. We develop a likelihood-based estimation strategy and provide estimates of parameters, spot volatility, jump times, and jump sizes using S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 index returns. Estimates of jump times, jump sizes, and volatility are particularly useful for identifying the effects of these factors during periods of market stress, such as those in 1987, 1997, and 1998. Using formal and informal diagnostics, we find strong evidence for jumps in volatility and jumps in returns. Finally, we study how these factors and estimation risk impact option pricing.
You Don't Know What You've Got Till It's Gone! Unemployment and Intertemporal Changes in Self-Reported Life Satisfaction

This paper uses concurrently and - for the first time - retrospectively reported life satisfaction from the 1984 to 1987 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel to study the importance of different comparison standards for the empirical correlation of unemployment and subjective life satisfaction. It is found that unemployed individuals do not only report significantly lower concurrent satisfaction, but also recall reduced satisfaction from past unemployment well, and retrospectively upgrade their past satisfaction scores. Therefore, the short-term negative effects of unemployment on individual life satisfaction reported in the literature so far are likely underestimated. At the same time, the empirical findings cast doubts on the usefulness of subjective life satisfaction for the precise quantification of welfare effects because of changing comparison standards which greatly limit the intertemporal comparability of the data. For this reason, such data also appear to be of limited use for monitoring long-term economic or social development.
Determination and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia in patients referred to the educational hospitals of Shahrekord in 2013

زمینه و هدف: شیوع مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی بین باکتری های پاتوژن به مسئله جدی جهانی تبدیل شده است. کلبسیلا پنومونیه از مهم ترین پاتوژن های فرصت طلب است که باعث عفونت های اکتسابی از بیمارستان و جامعه می شود. گسترش جهانی سویه های دارای مقاومت چندگانه (MDR) یک نگرانی جدی است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی و شیوع مقاومت چندگانه کلبسیلا پنومونیه از بیمارستان های آموزشی شهرکرد است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مقطعی- تحلیلی، 136 ایزوله کلبسیلا پنومونیه از نمونه های ادرار، خون، زخم، خلط جدا شد و با استفاده از آزمون های استاندارد بیوشیمیایی تعیین هویت شد. مقاومت ایزوله ها نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک های: آمیکاسین، سفالوتین، کوتریماکسازول، جنتامایسین، سفوتاکسیم، نیتروفورانتوئین، نالیدیکسیک اسید، سیپروفلوکساسین، تتراسایکلین، کلرآمفی نیکل، ایمی پنم و نورفلوکساسین به روش دیسک دیفیوژن طبق دستورالعمل CLSI مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج حاصل، میزان مقاومت ایزوله ها به کوتریماکسازول 1/58، سفالوتین 9/52، تتراسایکلین 8/47، سفوتاکسیم 7/39، جنتامایسین 8/36، نیتروفورانتوئین و کلرآمفی نیکل 7/25، آمیکاسین 3/21، نورفلوکساسین 8/11، نالیدیکسیک اسید 9/19 و سیپروفلوکساسین و ایمی پنم 6/9 بود. از کل ایزوله ها، 81 نمونه (6/59) دارای مقاومت دارویی چندگانه بودند. نتیجه گیری: کلبسیلا پنومونیه دارای مقاومت چندگانه یک خطر جدی برای بیماران مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان های شهرکرد است؛ بنابراین نظارت بر مصرف آنتی بیوتیک ها و تعیین سویه های مقاوم به چند دارو می تواند از توسعه مقاومت در باکتری ها جلوگیری کند.
Older Patient and Caregiver Perspectives on Medication Value and Deprescribing: A Qualitative Study

Shared decision making is essential to deprescribing unnecessary or harmful medications in older adults, yet patients' and caregivers' perspectives on medication value and how this affects their willingness to discontinue a medication are poorly understood. We sought to identify the most significant factors that impact the perceived value of a medication from the perspective of patients and caregivers.
Venetoclax, bortezomib and S63845, an MCL1 inhibitor, in multiple myeloma

Venetoclax, an orally available BCL2‐selective inhibitor, has demonstrated promising single‐agent anti‐tumour activity in myeloma especially patients with t(11;14). Herein, whether venetoclax sensitivity could be enhanced or restored in combination with bortezomib or S63845, a novel MCL1‐selective inhibitor, was examined in human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), including bortezomib‐resistant HMCLs.