Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La fraction lipidique des aliments et les corps gras utilisés en alimentation animale

La fraction lipidique des fourrages et des aliments concentres est generalement moins bien connue que leurs fractions glucidiques, proteiques et minerales. La teneur lipidique de ces aliments se mesure par le dosage de l’extrait ethere selon deux procedes suivant qu’une hydrolyse a chaud est necessaire ou non pour obtenir l’extraction la plus complete possible des lipides de l’aliment. Les fourrages ont une teneur en extrait ethere de 2 a 12 % et un taux d’acide linolenique le plus souvent superieur a 50 % des acides gras totaux. A mesure que la plante fourragere passe du stade jeune pousse au stade de maturite, les proportions des acides palmitique, stearique et oleique augmentent alors que celle de l’acide linolenique diminue. L’article presente la composition en acides gras d’une vingtaine d’aliments concentres parmi les plus utilises en alimentation animale. Ces valeurs sont issues de quatre bases de donnees (AFZ, CVB, MAFF et Souci) et d’une synthese bibliographique recente de Givens pour les huiles vegetales. Les cereales et les graines proteagineuses ont des teneurs en extrait ethere souvent assez faibles (1,2 a 2,2 %) sauf le mais et les co-produits de meunerie, une proportion tres elevee d’acide linoleique (plus de 50 % des acides gras totaux) et des proportions faibles d’acides gras satures, domine par l’acide palmitique. La composition en acides gras des graines oleagineuses est variable selon l’espece. Les huiles et farines de poisson sont caracterisees par une proportion importante d’acides gras polyinsatures contenant plus de 18 atomes de carbone. Les compositions lipidiques des graisses et farines issues d’animaux terrestres sont remarquables par leur richesse en acides satures et leur tres faible proportion d’acides polyinsatures. Il existe une bonne concordance entre les valeurs des banques AFZ et CVB pour les cereales et les graines oleagineuses, et entre les valeurs AFZ, SOUCI et celles de Givens pour les huiles et les graisses animales. En revanche, la table MAFF presente quelques divergences avec les tables AFZ et CVB. Meme si l’apparition des bases de donnees a permis d’acceder a une connaissance plus objective dans ce domaine, des progres restent a faire sur les facteurs de variation des teneurs en extrait ethere et de la composition en acides gras des aliments, ainsi que sur les proportions des acides gras mineurs et isomeres des familles n-6 et n-3.
Three-dimensional finite-element analysis of a single implant-supported zirconia framework and its effect on stress distribution in D4 (maxilla) and D2 (mandible) bone quality

The aim of this in-silico study was to compare stress distributions in implants and zirconia frameworks of mandibular and maxillary implant-supported crowns. For comparison, vertical and oblique loading forces were used. Three-dimensional finite-element implant models of a mandibular section of bone (D2) and a maxillary section of bone (D4) with missing second molars and their zirconium-based superstructures were used. Zimmer dental implants of 13 mm in length and 4.7 mm in diameter were modelled. A load of 200 N was applied toward vertical and oblique (30° to the vertical) directions. Maximum and minimum von Mises stress values of the implants and the zirconia framework were calculated. The highest stress value was concentrated in the zirconia framework of the maxillary implant-supported model with the oblique loading force (301.17 MPa). The lowest stress value was concentrated in the mandibular implant-supported model. And the stress values in the maxilla were higher than in the mandible. The maxilla (D4) showed higher stress values than in the mandible (D2), because the trabecular bone is weaker and less resistant to deformation than the cortical bone. Stress values with oblique loading forces were higher than with vertical loading forces. Because of the high Young's modulus of zirconia (low elastic properties), zirconia frameworks showed higher stress values than the implants.
The Butterflies of Venezuela. Part 2: Nymphalidae II (Acraeinae, Libytheinae, Nymphalinae, Ithominae, Morphinae). A Comprehensive Guide to the Identification of Adult Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Pieridae

BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. The Butterflies of Venezuela. Part 2: Nymphalidae II (Acraeinae, Libytheinae, Nymphalinae, Ithominae, Morphinae). A Comprehensive Guide to the Identification of Adult Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Pieridae
Ground cover and floral resources in shelterbelts increase the abundance of beneficial hymenopteran families

Hymenopteran parasitoids are important natural enemies of pest species in many agricultural crops, including grapes, and there is increasing interest in using habitat manipulation to enhance populations. In the present study, we investigated which vegetation variables of shelterbelts are associated with increased hymenopteran family abundance by screening 60 shelterbelts adjacent to vineyards or pasture near Melbourne, Australia. Associations between vegetation characteristics and parasitoid abundance, sampled five times at monthly intervals using canopy sticky traps, were investigated. The presence of vineyard or pasture adjacent to the shelterbelt had no impact on hymenopteran family abundance within the shelterbelt. The availability of floral resources influenced a single family; the abundance of the Trichogrammatidae was doubled by the presence of canopy floral resources. By contrast, an increased abundance of some large Hymenoptera families was associated with a decreasing leaf litter depth and the proportion of introduced ground cover, an increased grass height and the amount of ground with vegetated cover. These findings suggest that specific manipulations of shelterbelts could increase populations of beneficials to some degree, with potential effects on pests.
Seasonal Fluctuation in the Rotifer Fauna of Kesikköprü Dam Lake (Ankara, Turkey)

The individual and seasonal variations of 11 rotifer species identified in Kesikkopru Dam Lake were investigated from April 1995 to May 1996. Species-wise percentages were Polyarthra vulgaris 24.5%, Keratella quadrata 20.8%, Asplanchna priodonta 16.0%, Brachionus angularis 11.2%, Keratella cochlearis 8.8%, Synchaeta litoralis 7.0%, Lecane luna 4.0%, Notholca squamula 3.8%, Lepadella patella 1.6%, Notholca acuminata 1.4% and Colurella adriatica 0.7%. Apart from two seasonal peaks in spring and autumn, some species such as S. litoralis, L. luna, N. squamula, and C. adriatica showed smaller fluctuations other than during seasonal peaks. When the annual abundance of species was taken into consideration, P. vulgaris, K. quadrata, A. priodonta, S. litoralis and L. luna were determined to be eurythermal, B. angularis and K. cochlearis hot-stenothermal, and N. squamula cold-stenothermal species. In addition to these, P. vulgaris and A. priodonta were determined to be perennial species for this dam's lake.
Differential Distribution of α2A and α2C Adrenergic Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Rat Spinal Cord

α2-Adrenergic receptors (α2-ARs) mediate a number of physiological phenomena, including spinal analgesia. We have developed subtype-selective antisera against the C termini of the α2A-AR and α2C-AR to investigate the relative distribution and cellular source or sources of these receptor subtypes in the rat spinal cord. Immunoreactivity (IR) for both receptor subtypes was observed in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Our results suggest that the primary localization of the α2A-AR in the rat spinal cord is on the terminals of capsaicin-sensitive, substance P (SP)-containing primary afferent fibers. In contrast, the majority of α2C-AR-IR was not of primary afferent origin, not strongly colocalized with SP-IR, and not sensitive to neonatal capsaicin treatment. Spinal α2C-AR-IR does not appear to colocalize with the neurokinin-1 receptor, nor is it localized on astrocytes, as evidenced by a lack of costaining with the glial marker GFAP. However, some colocalization was observed between α2C-AR-IR and enkephalin-IR, suggesting that the α2C-AR may be expressed by a subset of spinal interneurons. Interestingly, neither subtype was detected on descending noradrenergic terminals. These results indicate that the α2-AR subtypes investigated are likely expressed by different subpopulations of neurons and may therefore subserve different physiological functions in the spinal cord, with the α2A-AR being more likely to play a role in the modulation of nociceptive information.
The circulatory system in Chilopoda: functional morphology and phylogenetic aspects

The circulatory organs of nine representative species of all five chilopod orders were examined by light microscopy and by in vivo observations of haemolymph flow. In Scutigera coleoptrata, the heart ultrastructure was studied. The circulatory system in Craterostigmomorpha is described for the first time. Further focus is placed on the Geophilomorpha since previous descriptions in this group have been only superficial. In all investigated species, the circulatory system consists of two longitudinal central vessels which are connected in the first body segment by the maxilliped arch. The posterior part of these vessels is contractile and thus haemolymph is pumped anteriorly in the heart, while it is pumped posteriorly in the supraneural vessel. From these central vessels numerous peripheral vessels branch off. Differences among the chilopod orders lie mainly in the distribution of the peripheral vessels. The circulatory system in Scutigeromorpha shows some striking morphological adaptations with regard to the functional coupling of circulatory and respiratory tasks. The most peculiar structures are the aortic diverticles which act as accessory pumps in the head. Phylogenetic analysis of the circulatory organ traits within Chilopoda supports the Pleurostigmophora hypothesis. Synapomorphies supporting the Myriapoda hypothesis or the Tracheata concept were not found.
Overexpression and purification of membrane proteins in yeast: The GPCR α-factor receptor and a methanococcal transporter

Ehrenwörtliche Versicherung Diese Dissertation wurde selbständig, ohne unerlaubte Hilfe erarbeitet. Heterologous overexpression and purification of a putative amino-acid transporter from Methanococcus jannaschii 3 rd international conference on structure, dynamics and function of proteins in biological
Lessons for small sites from assessments of large sites

This issue of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) contains a series of papers describing Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) for a large contaminated site, the Clinch River below the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee, USA. This series was preceded by a similar set of papers from the Clark Fork River ERA (Vol. 13, No. 12). Unlike these assessments, most ERAs are for relatively small contaminated sites with relatively small budgets and short schedules. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider what assessors at smaller sites can learn from assessments of large sites.
Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi zeytin bahçelerindezararlı Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) ve Türkiye için yeni bir kayıt: Tegolophus hassani (Keifer, 1959) (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoideae)

This study was conducted in the olive orchards of Adana, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaras, Kilis, Mersin, and Osmaniye provinces between 2008 and 2010. Branch, leaf, flower buds and fruits samples were collected from various levels and sides of olive trees in different periods. The eriophyid mites, obtained from these samples were brought to the laboratory, and then were cleared to mounted for identification in the laboratory. All mites samples except one taken from these provinces were identified as Aceria oleae (Nalepa 1900) (Acarina: Eriophyidae) belonging to family Eriophyidae. Some individuals of the species Tegolophus hassani (Keifer 1959) (Acarina: Eriophyidae) were detected in the two mite samples taken from Tarsus district (Mersin). T. hassani is a new record for Turkish fauna. In this study some literature knowledges were also given related to the biology, damage and distributions of these species.
Advanced biofuel production: Engineering metabolic pathways for butanol and propane biosynthesis.

Greenhouse gases emitted from energy production and transportation are dramatically changing the climate of Planet Earth. As a consequence, global warming is affecting the living conditions of numerous plant and animal species, including ours. Thus the development of sustainable and renewable liquid fuels is an essential global challenge in order to combat the climate change. In the past decades many technologies have been developed as alternatives to currently used petroleum fuels, such as bioethanol and biodiesel. However, even with gradually increasing production, the market penetration of these first generation biofuels is still relatively small compared to fossil fuels. Researchers have long ago realized that there is a need for advanced biofuels with improved physical and chemical properties compared to bioethanol and with biomass raw materials not competing with food production. Several target molecules have been identified as potential fuel candidates, such as alkanes, fatty acids, long carbon‐chain alcohols and isoprenoids. The current study focuses on the biosynthesis of butanol and propane as possible biofuels. The scope of this research was to investigate novel heterologous metabolic pathways and to identify bottlenecks for alcohol and alkane generation using Escherichia coli as a model host microorganism. The first theme of the work studied the pathways generating butyraldehyde, the common denominator for butanol and propane biosynthesis. Two ways of generating butyraldehyde were described, one via the bacterial fatty acid elongation machinery and the other via partial overexpression of the acetone‐butanol‐ethanol fermentation pathway found in Clostridium acetobutylicum. The second theme of the experimental work studied the reduction of butyraldehyde to butanol catalysed by various bacterial aldehyde‐reductase enzymes, whereas the final part of the work investigated the in vivo kinetics of the cyanobacterial aldehyde deformylating oxygenase (ADO) for the generation of hydrocarbons. The results showed that the novel butanol pathway, based on fatty acid biosynthesis consisting of an acyl‐ACP thioesterase and a carboxylic acid reductase, is tolerant to oxygen, thus being an efficient alternative to the previous Clostridial pathways. It was also shown that butanol can be produced from acetyl‐CoA using acetoacetyl CoA synthase (NphT7) or acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase (AtoB) enzymes. The study also demonstrated, for the first time, that bacterial biosynthesis of propane is possible. The efficiency of the system is clearly limited by the poor kinetic properties of the ADO enzyme, and for proper function in vivo, the catalytic machinery requires a coupled electron relay system.
Relative Changes in Polyamines during Citrus Flower Development

Several stages of citrus (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck. cv. Valencia) flowers, from very small bud (stage 1) to anthesis (stage 6), were evaluated for free and con- jugated polyamines. The concentration of putrescine and spermidine synthesis in- creased markedly during the early stages, and then declined as the flower buds grew. At anthesis, putrescine and spermidine concentrations had increased significantly. Spermine concentration was very low and showed no significant change during the first three floral developmental stages; however, by stages 5 and 6, spermine concen- tration showed a slight but significant increase. Eighty percent of the total polyamine content in fully developed flowers is localized in the reproductive organs and only 20% is localized in the petals and the calyx. This study relates changes in conjugated and free polyamines to citrus flower growth.
Hematological Response of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings Exposed to Acute Concentrations of Sunsate

The present study was designed to evaluate the 96 hours LC50 of Sunsate® and the hematological variation of fingerlings of African catfish exposed to different concentrations of the herbicides. Using static bioassays with continuous aeration under laboratory conditions acute toxicity of Sunsate was determine to be 18.33 mg l with upper and lower limit of 20.93 and 16.05 respectively. Also the toxicant led to significant (P<0.05) changes in haematological parameters as the toxicant concentration increased. Haemoglobin content (Hb), Mean Red Blood Cells (RBC), Platelet count (PLT), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), reduced as the concentration of toxicant increased while other parameters increased proportional with the toxicant concentration. Precautious use of Sunsate for the control of Aquatic weeds is recommended.
EVALUATION OF CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS) GENOTYPES AGAINST DOWNY MILDEW

Cucumber is an important crop of family cucurbitaceae. Downy mildew of cucumber is caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & CurL) Rostow. It is an important disease of cucumber and other cucurbitaceous vegetables like muskmelon, sponge gourd, bottle gourd etc. The disease occurs severely in high temperature with abundant relative humidity and reduced the crop yield upto 62%. Few workers had evaluated cucumber genotypes for resistance to downy mildew (Dillan et aI., 1999; Desh Raj et al., 2003; Reddy et al., 1997). Resistance to this pathogen is not easily available in cucumber cultivars. The present study was undertaken to determine the resistance source of cucumber genotypes against P. cubensis under epiphytotic field condition at Research Farm, IIVR, Varanasi
Toxicity of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) to Gammarus pulex

SUMMARY. The acute toxicity of the pesticide γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) to Gammarus pulex was determined by a standard procedure and by a modification of the conventional toxicity test protocol. Animals were exposed to a range of concentrations for various periods of time from 1 to 1000 min and transferred to clean water. Animals continued to die for up to 3 weeks after the initial exposure to the poison. Toxicity curves were obtained expressing the relationships between concentration of poison and median survival time (LT50) and between concentration of poison and median lethal exposure time, i.e., the duration of exposure required to cause the eventual death of half the animals. For a given concentration of pesticide, the duration of exposure which will cause 50% mortality is far less than is indicated by a conventional toxicity test in which animals are continuously exposed to the poison. It is suggested that the results of conventional acute lethal toxicity tests may have limited predictive value even when applied to field situations involving the discharge of lethal levels of pollutants to receiving waters.
Background and findings of the 1993-94 New Zealand mosquito survey

Early 1993 interceptions of four species of exotic Culicidae, three of them alive and healthy, were followed by New Zealand's largest-ever survey of larval mosquito populations. This took place from spring 1993 to autumn 1994, concentrating on the northern North Island and the hinterlands of container ports in Hawkes Bay, Wellington and Canterbury. Priority was given to artificial habitats, notably used tyre casings. These, mostly packed into shipping containers, were the source of the above interceptions from imported consignments off-loaded at Wellington, Lyttelton and Port Chalmers. The sampling of 9,408 larval habitats during the survey revealed no evidence of new exotic mosquito establishments, suggesting that prompt control measures and tightened quarantine requirements had proved effective. Two long-established exotics, Culex (C.) quinquefasciatus Say, and (especially) Aedes (Finlaya) notoscriptus (Skuse), were found to have recently dispersed southwards from the northern North Island. The causes o.
Effects of intrapopulation variability on von Bertalanffy growth parameter estimates from equal mark-recapture intervals

The effects of intrapopulation variability on the parameter estimates of the von Bertalanffy growth equation have received discussion in the literature. Here we evaluated the effects of intrapopulation variability, using computer simulations, on four commonly used methods for estimating the von Bertalanffy growth parameters: the Ford-Walford plot, Ricker's method, Bayley's method, and Fabens' method. Intrapopulation variability in growth rates (k) and maximum sizes ( L infinity ) plus initial size distributions and measurement error, were tested for their effects on the accuracy of the parameter estimates using simulated mark-recapture data with equal recapture intervals. Fabens' method and a modified Ford-Walford plot provided the most accurate estimates in all cases, but when intrapopulation variability was large, they performed poorly. With moderate intrapopulation variability, the bias in estimates was small although between-sample variance was quite large. Biased initial size distributions without ei.
APPLICATION OF STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACH MODEL TO ASSESS TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN KENYA’S MAIZE PRODUCTION

Kenya realised tremendous growth in maize production between 1964 and 1997, fueled by the introduction of high yielding hybrid maize. However, from 1997, there has been a decline in yield from 1.85 to 1.57 metric tones per hectare with observed supply shortages occasionally. Maize shortages result in famine among the poor urban and rural households. Since almost all the arable land is under cultivation, future increase in maize production will heavily depend on technical efficiency and yield improvement rather than expansion in area under production. The main objective of this study was to determine the technical efficiency of smallholder maize production in Kenya. The stochastic frontier model was used as the method of analysis to estimate several production function forms using cross-sectional household data for the 2003/2004 main cropping season. Variations in technical efficiency index across smallholder farm units were explained through a number of socio-economic, farm characteristic and Agro-Ecological Zone variables. The results of the translog functional form revealed that the technical efficiency index across smallholder farm units ranged from 8 to 98 percent. Purchased hybrid seeds, use of tractors for land preparation, number of school years of household head, male headed households, age of household head, access to credit and high potential zone dummy variables had a negative sign, and therefore decreased technical inefficiency (increased technical efficiency). Calculations of marginal effects showed that purchased inputs and primary education had the highest improvement of technical efficiency i.e. hybrid seed (36%), tractor services (26%) and an extra year of household head primary schooling (0.84%). It is therefore concluded that improvement of maize input markets together with an emphasis on primary school education would enhance maize productivity. Thus, if hybrid seeds, tractor services and agricultural credit are made available and affordable to farmers technical efficiency would increase.