Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the structure of 5- and 6-chromatic abstract graphs.

The (abstract) graphs considered in this paper are undirected and have no loops and no multiple edges. An edge by itself without its end-vertices is not considered to be a graph, a set of vertices without edges is a graph. An edge is said to join its two end-vertices. The valency of a vertex is the number of vertices joined to it by edges. A <κ>, where κ is a natural number, is a graph with κ vertices in which each pair of distinct vertices are joined by an edge; a <κ—> is a <κ> with just one edge missing. A path is a graph with vertices a1? , αμ and edges (α1? α2), (α2, α8), . , (α μ_ι, αμ), where μ Ξ> 2 and α1? , αμ are all distinct. αι and αμ are called the end-vertices of the path, the others are called its intermediate vertices. The length of the path is μ — l, and a path is even or odd according to whether its length is even or odd. A circuit is a graph with vertices a l 7 . , av and edges (%, α2), (α2, α3), . , (αν_1? a„), (av, ax), where v^>3 and # ! , . , # „ are all distinct. The length of the circuit is v, and a circuit is even or odd according to whether its length is even or odd. If A and B are two non-empty disjoint graphs then any path which has one end-vertex in A and the other end-vertex in B and has no vertex except its two end-vertices in common with A w B is called an (-4) (B)path or (B) (A)-path, in particular a path with end-vertices a and b is an (a) (fr)-path and (b) (a)-path. A set of vertices is called independent if no two are joined by an edge.
Polyester-Polyvinylalcohol Hydrophilization Strategies

Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), also commonly called as polyester, is the most widely used polymer for the production of synthetic fibres over the past fifty years. The frequent use of this PET is due to its high mechanical strength combined with other properties such as the resistance to chemical products, stretching and abrasion. The fibre’s hydrophobicity also impacts the difficulty of cleaning these materials [1, 2]. Previous works shows that treatment with concentrated NaOH solutions can greatly improve hydrophilicity of PET fibre [1, 2, 3, 4]. However a significant decrease of mechanical properties takes place during this process. In this work, chemical strategies to counteract this negative effect and further increase the hydrophilicity of PET fibre’s has been tested. In particular, the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and N, N ́-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) chemically modified resin in the functionalization of saponified PET was carefully analysed. The treated fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). When the best process conditions were considered for PVA-DMDHEU application, the modified PET presented a contact angle of 33.9o, stain release grade of 4 and a 45.6% increase in its mechanical properties when compared to saponified PET.
The Unexpected Oceanic Peak in Energy Input to the Atmosphere and Its Consequences for Monsoon Rainfall

Monsoons have historically been understood to be caused by the low thermal inertia of land, allowing more energy from summer insolation to be transferred to the overlying atmosphere than over adjacent ocean. Here, we show that during boreal summer, the global maximum net energy input (NEI) to the atmosphere unexpectedly lies over the Indian Ocean, not over land. Observed radiative fluxes suggest that cloud‐radiative effects (CRE) almost double the NEI over ocean, shifting the NEI peak from land to ocean. Global climate model experiments with both land and interactive sea surface temperatures confirm that CRE create the oceanic NEI maximum. Interactions between CRE, NEI, circulation, and land‐sea contrast in surface heat capacity shift precipitation from Southeast to South Asia. CRE thus alter the global partitioning of precipitation between land and ocean and the spatial structure of Earth's strongest monsoon, in ways that can be understood through the NEI.
Do cryptocurrencies and crude oil influence each other? Evidence from wavelet-based quantile-in-quantile approach

Abstract This study investigates the asymmetric shock transmission mechanisms between seven large cryptocurrencies and crude oil at different market conditions across time. Wavelet technique was used to decompose the daily return series of the assets into wavelet scales to capture trading horizons. We applied quantile regression (QR) and quantile-in-quantile Regression (QQR) on the decomposed series to capture the bear (bull) market conditions. Applying the QR, we found Ethereum, Steller, Ripple and Monero as hedges for oil market volatility at all market regimes from medium to long terms. The QR undermined the hedging properties of Bitcoin, Litecoin and Das, suggesting possible spread of market disruptions from these markets to crude oil market. We observe from QQR that the assets have negative influence on each other at bear market but positive influence at bull market across time, signifying hedging possibilities for both assets in bear market. The significance of our finding is strengthened by the recent rise in the market share of cryptocurrencies.
Gödel incompleteness in analysis, with an application to the forecasting problem in the social sciences

L'A. etudie les consequences de l'incompletude et de l'indecidabilite de Godel dans l'application des systemes formels, tels que l'axiomatique mathematique et l'axiomatique dynamique, au domaine empirique des sciences sociales caracterisees par le computationnalisme
Influencing adolescents’ attitudes towards nicotine products: A systematic review

Background and aim: Use of nicotine can harm adolescents’ brains and increase risk for future addiction to other drugs. Several international studies show that an acceptable attitude towards nicotine products increases the initiation or use of the products. Adolescents have limited or distorted knowledge about nicotine products. Many of them have a positive image of the properties and effects of nicotine products, which increases the chances of smoking or using snus. Yet, we know little about the relationship between youth nicotine use, youth attitudes towards nicotine products and the interventions to influence these attitudes. This systematic review synthesised adolescents’ attitudes towards nicotine products and the ways to influence them. Methods: Systematic searches were carried out from PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and MEDIC databases and were targeted to randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies published in 2010–2021. Results: A total of seven RCT studies were reviewed with a total population (age range 9–17 years, adolescents 11–17 years) of 15,974. Findings were classified into four categories: school-based interventions, tobacco prevention campaigns, advertisements’ influence on adolescents’ opinions towards nicotine products, and their responses to cigarette pack warnings. Conclusion: Based on this systematic literature review, particularly school-based interventions have an effect on adolescents’ attitudes towards smoking and preventing them from starting to smoke, when they are targeted before the age of puberty. School-based interventions should be further implemented and strengthened, as the school has been shown to have significant potential to support youth’s health. There is a need for further information about the most effective interventions in the different age groups and the qualitative studies on the topic.
A Narrative Review of 99mTc-Aprotinin in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis and a New Life for an Unfairly Abandoned Drug

Several studies investigated the use of 99mTc-labelled Aprotinin as an amyloid seeker some years ago. In vitro tests showed high binding affinity for several types of amyloid fibrils accompanied by an excellent specificity. Initial human studies demonstrated good accuracy in detecting cardiac involvement. Scintigraphy results were confirmed in a group of 28 endomyocardial biopsies. Unfortunately, clinical studies were halted because of a temporary suspension of the vector protein (Trasylol) and public health concerns over prion contamination of the bovine origin compound. To obviate these limitations, efforts have been made to label a recombinant Aprotinin with 99mTc, which exhibits the same affinity for h-insulin fibrils. With the aim of developing a PET tracer, the same recombinant protein was labeled with Gallium. The introduction of a bifunctional chelator did not affect fibril affinity. Finally, a synthetic peptidic fragment, the cyclic 30-51 SS, was synthetized. After direct technetium labeling, an impressive increase in affinity was demonstrated. This peptide appears to be a potential candidate for Gallium labeling through a bifunctional chelator for PET imaging.
Lack of Functional P110δ Affects Expression of Activation Marker CD80 but Does Not Influence Functions of Neutrophils

Neutrophils are specialized immune cells that are essential constituents of the innate immune response. They defend the organism against pathogens through various mechanisms. It was reported that phosphatidylinositols are key players in neutrophil functions, especially in the activity of class-I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). P110δ, one of the PI3K subunits, is mostly expressed in immune cells, and its activity plays an important role in inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of p110δ in neutrophil antimicrobial functions, activation status and cytokine production. To this end, we used bone marrow and splenic neutrophils isolated from a murine model expressing catalytically inactive p110δD910A/D910A. The level of phagocytosis and degranulation, the expressions of activation markers and cytokine production were determined by flow cytometry. ROS generation and NET release were assessed by fluorometry and fluorescent microscopy. We observed a significantly higher percentage of CD80-positive cells among the splenic granulocytes and found granulocytes subpopulations of differing phenotypes between WT and p110δD910A/D910A mice by multiparametric tSNE analysis. Moreover, we detected some differences in the expressions of activation markers, intracellular production of cytokines and bacterial killing. However, we did not observe any alterations in the selected neutrophil functions in p110δ mutant mice. Altogether, our data suggest that the catalytic p110 subunit(s), other than p110δ, is a key player in most neutrophil functions in mice. A follow-up study to correlate these in vitro results with in vivo observations is highly recommended.
Optimal option purchase decision of a loss-averse retailer under emergent replenishment

This paper studies the optimal option purchase of a loss-averse retailer under emergent replenishment. It is assumed that all or part of the excess demands in a stock-out situation can be replenished, and the loss-averse retailer's optimal option purchase quantity is investigated. It is found that the loss-averse retailer should not purchase options and only needs to replenish the inventory under certain conditions. When maximizing the expected utility without shortage cost, the loss-averse retailer's optimal option purchase quantity is decreasing in the loss aversion coefficient. To maximise the expected utility with shortage cost, a larger shortage cost implies a bigger option purchase quantity. If the shortage cost exists, there will be a loss on the expected profit and utility for the loss-averse retailer who selects an optimal option purchase quantity without shortage cost. Given the optimal option purchase quantity, it is proven that the loss-averse retailer's expected profit is decreasing in the loss aversion coefficient. Therefore the retailer should choose a proper loss aversion preference to balance between the two objectives of profit maximization and loss aversion preference. As a result of these findings, some management insights are recommended to the loss-averse retailer in selecting the option purchase quantity.
Mental Well-Being and Sexual Intimacy among Men and Gender Diverse People Who Have Sex with Men during the First UK COVID-19 Lockdown: A Mixed-Methods Study

This mixed-methods study aimed to explore mental well-being, circumstances and strategies around managing sexual intimacy and risk during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown (Spring 2020) among men and gender diverse people who have sex with men (MGDPSM), commencing while lockdown was in progress. n = 1429 MGDPSM completed the survey and 14 undertook an in-depth interview. Low mental well-being was reported by 49.6% of the survey participants. Low mental well-being was not predicted by relationship and living circumstance, sexual networking app use, or by casual sexual partners. Low mental well-being was associated with more frequent COVID-19 anxiety (OR = 5.08 CI: 3.74, 6.88 p < 0.001) and with younger age (18–24 years OR = 2.23 CI:1.41–3.53 p = 0.001, 25–34 years OR = 1.45 CI:1.04–2.02 p = 0.029, 35–44 years OR = 1.41 CI:1.00–1.99 p = 0.052). The interview participants understood their lockdown experiences as being relative to normalcy, and those experiencing more dramatic changes faced greater challenges. Living with partners was felt to protect well-being. Many participants reported intimacy interruption challenges. The findings indicate that mental well-being is predicted by age and COVID-19 impact, highlighting opportunities for targeting MGDPSM who are most vulnerable to poor mental health. Services that support MGDPSM during COVID-19 recovery efforts must provide non-judgemental and affirming support.
Assessing the EU Energy Efficiency Label for Appliances: Issues, Potential Improvements and Challenges

The EU Energy Efficiency (EE) label for appliances, readjusted in March 2021 (Directive 2017/1369/EU), is a key instrument for nudging consumers towards more energy-efficient purchases. However, its effectiveness depends on its design, the information provided and consumers’ understanding of and trust in it. This paper seeks to contribute to the assessment of the EE label for appliances and to identify issues, potential improvements and challenges for successfully nudging consumers towards highly energy-efficient choices. To that end, 33 in-depth interviews have been conducted with three different groups (citizens, appliance retailers and experts in energy) to ascertain the opinions and experiences of different agents as to consumers’ preferences and opinions on EE and energy consumption. We focus on purchasing decision-making by Spanish consumers for the three main appliances: washing machines, fridges and dishwashers. The EE label for appliances seems to be well-known and reliable for consumers. The main weakness lies in people’s understanding of its content rather than in its design. The coloured alphabetical EE scale seems to be well understood and the restored A–G scale of the readjusted label positively valued. However, we find comprehension issues with regard to the information on energy consumption and the technical data at the bottom of the label. Monetary information on energy consumption seems to facilitate consumers’ understanding, but it is technically challenging due to the complexity of the unit of measurement. Results are discussed, taking into account the relevant literature.
A Review of Power System Flexibility With High Penetration of Renewables

The notion of secure operation of power systems, with its present semantic, dates back to the last decade. Since then, tremendous research effort has investigated secure operation of the power system. Nevertheless, operators are still faced with security issues, with even larger uncertainty, however, caused by the integration of renewable energy sources (RES). The system's ability to cope with the volatility of RES and load becomes a critical issue in power system operation. This paper surveys the literature on the concepts of power system flexibility, indices of flexibility, and implementation of the concept of flexibility in power system security. The paper proceeds to review the origin of the reserve problem, the meaning of reserve, its technical classification and related economical aspects. The paper highlights the effect of renewables on these aspects, and suggests new research directions.
Circuit performance analysis of graded doping of channel of DGMOS with high-k gate stack for analogue and digital application

Double-gate MOSFET with graded channel doping is studied in this work, where the source and drain ends of the channel are doped with different concentrations to yield two different versions of the above device namely high-low (HL) and low-high (LH). The digital and analogue performances of these devices are investigated, respectively, by implementing 6T SRAM circuit and differential amplifier using the proposed device. Along with the doping variation, a high-K gate stack is also considered for only N type device to observe the effects of the proposed device on its circuit performance. The effective oxide thickness ( EOT ) of p type device is kept constant at 1.5 nm for all the circuit analysis. Hafnium oxide (HfO2) is used as high-K oxide along with silicon-di-oxide (SiO2) to maintain the required EOT of the device. Performance study shows that HL devices are best suited for digital application, whereas its counterpart LH devices perform better in analogue domain.
A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames

Numerous research studies have proved that numerical models aiming at an accurate evaluation of the seismic response of RC framed buildings cannot ignore the inelastic behaviour of infills and the interaction between infill and frame elements. To limit the high computational burden of refined non‐linear finite element models, in the latest decades, many researchers have developed simplified infill models by means of single or multiple strut‐elements. These models are low time‐consuming and thus adequate for static and dynamic analyses of multi‐storey structures. However, their simulation of the seismic response is sometimes unsatisfying, particularly in the presence of infill walls with regular or (particularly) irregular distributions of openings. This paper presents a new 2D plane macro‐element, which provides a refined simulation of the non‐linear cyclic response of infilled framed structures at the expense of a limited computational cost. The macro‐element consists of an articulated quadrilateral panel, a single 1D diagonal link, and eight 2D links and is able to model the shear and flexural behaviour of the infill and the non‐linear flexural/sliding interaction between infill and surrounding frame. The proposed macro‐element has been implemented into the open source software OpenSees and used to simulate the response of single‐storey, single‐span RC infilled frame prototypes tested by other authors. The above prototypes are selected as made of different masonry units and characterised by full or open geometric configuration.
Modification and refinement of three‐dimensional reconstruction to estimate body volume from a simulated single‐camera image

Body volumes (BV) are used for calculating body composition to perform obesity assessments. Conventional BV estimation techniques, such as underwater weighing, can be difficult to apply. Advanced machine learning techniques enable multiple obesity‐related body measurements to be obtained using a single‐camera image; however, the accuracy of BV calculated using these techniques is unknown. This study aims to adapt and evaluate a machine learning technique, synthetic training for real accurate pose and shape (STRAPS), to estimate BV.
Confirmation of the Applicability of Skeletochronology and Estimating the Age Structure of Kaloula borealis (Microhylidae: Anura) at Lake Sihwa, South Korea

Simple Summary Age determination is very important for observing life history traits, evaluating vulnerable life stages, and setting proper management and conservation strategies. Age determination in animals has always been tricky. Among other approaches, skeletochronology, an age determination method that involves counting the lines of arrested growth (LAGs) produced during inactive periods, similar to plant year rings, is well-practiced in many animal groups. However, the applicability of this method remains questioned for many species, including amphibians, because of concerns around the scarcity of information on confirmed numbers of annual LAGs (e.g., once or twice in a year), chances of the disappearance of LAGs over time, and which lines exactly to count. Herein, we tested its applicability to Kaloula borealis, a class II endangered amphibian in South Korea, by rearing juveniles in the laboratory for more than one year and comparing the results with the wild population at Lake Sihwa. This study confirmed the formation of one LAG each year and no disappearance of LAGs over time in this species. Furthermore, we were also able to determine the age structure of this wild population accurately. Hence, our study validates using skeletochronology in this species and recommends it for others that show similar growth patterns. Abstract Despite having some limitations, the use of skeletochronology—age determination by counting lines of arrested growth (LAGs)—in amphibians is increasing. The main limitation of using skeletochronology is identifying the innermost visible line (IVL) and counting the exact number of LAGs. Thus, we tested its applicability to Kaloula borealis, a class II endangered amphibian in South Korea. We reared juveniles in the lab to investigate the process of bone formation. This confirmed the development of one LAG each year. Hence, our study validates skeletochronology for the age determination of this species and recommends it for others that show similar growth patterns. Furthermore, the comparison of threshold diameters with the IVL of wild individuals confirmed no LAG1 resorption. The average age of males and females in this population was 2.75 ± 1.05 and 3.64 ± 3 years, respectively. We estimated sexual maturity at 2 years with rapid growth up to that stage in both sexes. We found a female-dominated sexual size dimorphism. This study offers accurate information on the life history traits and age structure of K. borealis that may help to evaluate population dynamics in other areas, identify vulnerable life stages and sites, assess the causes of population decline, and set conservation priorities.
Satisfying Basic Psychological Needs among People with Complex Support Needs: A Self-Determination Theory-Guided Analysis of Primary Relatives’ Perspectives

Background: The fulfilment of basic psychological needs (BPNs) is seen as an integral part of human self-determination, subjective wellbeing, and overall quality of life. However, the meaning of these psychological constructs for individuals with the most extensive support needs remains elusive. Methods: Primary relatives of nine people diagnosed with severe or profound intellectual and multiple disabilities were interviewed about their perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness regarding their family member with complex care needs, and about the ways in which they tried to support their family member in fulfilling specific BPNs. The interview analysis followed a grounded theory with the sensitizing concepts approach. Results: The relatives assigned important meaning to the BPNs, providing insights into their subtle nature, their implicit drivers, and how they were experienced. The relatives also identified serious challenges in detecting, clarifying, and creating opportunities for BPNs. Conclusions: The themes in the relatives’ perspectives can be summarized into a conceptual framework that may contribute to better mutual understanding between people with complex care needs, their relatives, and healthcare providers.