Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants differ in their psychological responses to patterns of lifetime adversity

Background Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants are often exposed to multiple types of adversity across their lifetime (e.g., maltreatment, household dysfunction, discrimination) and this exposure can increase the risk for adult mental health problems. Purpose The objective of this study was to (a) identify subgroups of individuals exposed to unique combinations of childhood adversity and lifetime discrimination among Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants, and (b) compare the prevalence of mental health problems across different risk profiles. Method We used existing data from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Participants included Puerto Rican (N = 402) and Mexican adults (N = 1351) born outside but living in the continental U.S. Findings Through latent profile analysis, we selected a three-profile solution for Puerto Ricans: (a) Low Exposure (low on all adversity items; 58% of sample), (b) Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Only (high on ACEs items, average or lower than average on discrimination items; 32%), and (c) Dual Exposure (high on all adversity items; 10%). For Mexicans, we selected a four-profile solution: (a) Low Exposure (52%), (b) ACEs Only (24%), (c) Maltreatment and Discrimination (15%), and (d) Dual Exposure (9%). For Mexicans, we found that the Dual Exposure and the Maltreatment and Discrimination profiles had the highest levels of mental health problems. For Puerto Ricans, the Dual Exposure and ACEs Only profiles had the highest levels of mental health problems, suggesting that Puerto Ricans may be more vulnerable to the effects of childhood adversities as compared to Mexican immigrants. Results from our study indicate that different patterns of adversity exposure are linked to different levels of mental health outcomes, and therefore, may require different intervention dosage. Understanding which groups of individuals are at highest and lowest risk for mental health problems is critical for developing effective, tailored interventions to prevent the negative effects of childhood adversity and discrimination for Latinxs.
Reactivity Descriptors for Borohydride Interaction with Metal Surfaces

First-principles density functional theory calculations were performed to study the adsorption of borohydride (BH4–) on close-packed transition-metal surfaces, M(111) (M = Au, Pt, Ir, Os, Ag, Pd, Rh, Ru). A correlation between the relative adsorption energies of BH4ad and the d-band center of the metals is established. In terms of the adsorbate configuration, both molecular (BH4ad) and dissociated (BH4-y,ad + yHad, y = 1, .,3) structures are possible regardless of the adsorption energy value. On Os, Rh, and Ru surfaces, molecular (i.e., undissociative) adsorption is preferred despite the strong surface binding energy of BH4ad. Orbital-specific analysis of the bonding, points to the role of the dzz and dyz states of the surface metal atoms in determining the final BH4ad configuration on all metals. However, in the presence of H2O molecules, the preference for strong molecular adsorption may be lost because of BH4ad–H2Oad interaction. Using the coadsorption on Os(111) of BH4ad and H2Oad with and without t.
Sorption Characteristics and Separation of Rhenium Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Modified Nano-Al2O3

A novel adsorbent was prepared by NH4HCO3-modifying nanoalumina dioxide and was employed for the separation/preconcentration of ReVII ions from aqueous solution. It was found that ReVII ions could be adsorbed quantitatively (above 94%) on modified nano-Al2O3 in the pH range of 2.0–3.0, while only 8.3% of ReVII ions were adsorbed on unmodified nano-Al2O3. Effects of the pH, concentration of elution solution, and interfering ions on the recovery of ReVII were systematically investigated. Adsorption kinetics for ReVII was found to be very fast, and equilibrium was reached within 5 min following the pseudo-second-order model with observed rate constants (k2) of 14.44 g·mg–1·min–1 at 298 K. The overall rate process appeared to be influenced by both external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion. The sorption data could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 1.94 mg·g–1 of ReVII on modified nano-Al2O3. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters showed the spontaneous and.
In vitro strain specific reducing of aflatoxin B1 by probiotic bacteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the capacity of probiotic bacteria for reducing of aflatoxin B1 as a food hazard. The results indicated that probiotic bacteria significantly decreased aflatoxin B1 by 45.99% (CI: 42.08%, 49.91%) also The rank order of binding subgroups were Lactobacillus 47.96% (CI: 43.51%, 52.40%), Bifidobacterium 43.95% (CI: 34.96%, 53.65%; I 2 = 99.8%), Pediococcus 41.61% (CI: 31.49%, 51.74%; I 2 = 99.3%), Lactococcus 33.56% (CI: 19.19%, 47.94%; I 2 = 99.5%) and Enterococcus 27.14% (CI: 20.70%, 33.58%, I 2 = 96.9%,). Probiotic bacteria could be recommended as a biological tool for decreasing aflatoxin B1 in different safety approaches.
Adaptation of Smartphone Addiction Inventory-Short Form to Turkish

In this study, we aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory-Short Form (SPAI-SF) developed by Lin et al. for Turkish high school students. We analyzed the construct validity by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the data collected from 578 participants who used smartphones in the past 3 months. Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form was used for criterion validity. We calculated the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the internal consistency of the scale. We conducted the test-retest reliability of the scale with 109 students. We used item analysis based on the correlations method. As a result of CFA, x2/df=2.25, root mean square error of approximation=0.047, comparative fit index =0.98, normed fit index=0.96, and incremental fit index=0.98. We found a highly positive and significant relationship between total scores of the two scales (r=0.57, p<0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.85 in the internal consistency analysis. First and retest total scores were highly positively correlated (r=0.68, p<0.001). In the item analysis based on correlations, the Spearman correlation coefficients calculated for each item ranged from 0.47 to 0.70 (p<0.001). SPAI-SF can be used as a measurement tool to evaluate the risk of smartphone addiction in Turkish high school students.
Parenting with a smile: Display rules, regulatory effort, and parental burnout

Positive parenting prescriptions prevailing in Western countries encourage parents to regulate their emotions and, more specifically, to show more positive emotion to their children and control negative emotions while parenting. The beneficial effect of this practice on child development has been much documented, but its possible costs for parents have been much less researched. The current study borrowed the well-known emotional labor framework from organizational psychology to examine this issue. We sought to answer five questions in particular: (1) Do parents perceive display rules? (i.e., do they feel pressured to up-regulate positive emotions and down-regulate negative emotions while parenting? ) (2) Do parents make regulatory efforts to comply with these rules? (3) Is this costly? (4) Is it possible that these regulatory efforts are associated with higher risk of parental burnout? (5) Are there strategies that render this effort less costly? We investigated these questions in a sample of 347 parents. The results revealed that parents perceive emotional display rules, which were associated with more regulatory efforts and then a higher vulnerability to parental burnout. How parents meet display rules also matters, in that regulating emotions superficially (i.e., surface acting) is more detrimental than regulating genuinely (i.e., deep acting). Overall, these results support the translation of the emotional labor framework to the parenting context, which helps us understand how external pressures on parents may increase parental burnout.
A Comprehensive Screening Strategy of Breast Cancer Based on Different Penetrance Susceptibility Genes in Healthy Han Chinese Females

Background: Morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer (BC) had increased rapidly in China. Early screening and intervention could greatly reduce the risk of hereditary BC. Several risk models had been utilized over the last decades to predict individual BC risk, but most of them didn’t assess the polygenic risk of low-penetrant genes. A novel screening method integrating different penetrance susceptibility genes was eagerly needed.Methods: Twenty-three variants of high and moderate penetrance susceptibility genes (HVs) and twenty loci of low penetrance susceptibility genes (LVs) were selected from previous studies. Genotyping of these mutations were conducted among 3777 healthy Han Chinese women (HCW) and 401 BC subjects. Based on the mutation profiles, we raised a comprehensive screening strategy using HVs and LVs to evaluate the polygenic risk score (PRS) in healthy individuals.Results: Three HVs in BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 genes mutated in the study population, which suggests the necessity of applying genetic determination to healthy HCW. LVs were widely carried in objects and their frequencies differed greatly between HCW and the west population. After quality control and lasso dimension reduction, nineteen of twenty-three LVs were involved to construct a logistic regression model to evaluate the cumulative genetic risk score. The area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the model is 0.993, 0.9676 and 0.9617 respectively, indicating that it is robust. Finally, a screening strategy using HVs and LVs was put forward to evaluate the risk of BC in normal objects.Conclusion: The distribution of HVs and LVs differed greatly between Han Chinese females and the west population. A screening strategy combining HVs and LVs showed strong efficacy in distinguishing high risk individuals from healthy women.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000038558. Registered 24 September 2020 - Retrospectively 37 registered, http://www.chictr. org.cn/showproj.aspx? proj=60543
Seismic response modification factor for RC-frames with non-uniform dimensions

Abstract In existing seismic design codes, base shear is measured using the elastic force requirement divided by the strength reduction factor. This factor is used to take account of structures’ ability to dissipate energy by inelastic deformations. The main objective of this study is to determine the response modification factor (R) for RC frames with non-uniform spans and heights and compare the values to the Egyptian Code of Practice ECP-201. The case study consists of three groups of RC frames with detailed structural design: uniform spans and heights, non-uniform spans, and non-uniform heights. A sum of 30 systems of frames is analyzed by nonlinear static analysis, “pushover analysis,” using SAP2000 with FEMA-356 provisions to assess the R factor. Also, a comparison is held with R factor in the Egyptian code. It was found, considering the limitations mentioned in the conclusions, that R factor decreases with increasing the height of selected floors and it is greatly affected by the non-uniformity of span lengths. The listed values of R factor in the Egyptian code are conservative and not economic. Thus, it is recommended to include the non-uniformity in spans and heights, to get more accurate values of R factor.
Clubfoot treatment in China before and after the advent of the Ponseti technique: a historical narrative review

Congenital clubfoot (CF) was first described by Hippocrates in approximately 400 B.C. In ancient China, manipulations were widely used to correct CF, but the outcomes were frequently unsatisfactory with residual deformity even if corrective devices were used. The advent of aseptic surgery and anesthesia has favored the development of different surgical procedures to manage children with CF. Surgical treatment became extremely popular in China during the years 1960–1990 due to the good clinical foot appearance post-surgery. However, the poor mid- to long-term results of surgical treatment facilitated the return of conservative treatment, i.e., the Ponseti technique. Over the past decade, the Ponseti technique has become very popular in China. The Ponseti technique is essentially conservative and it is based on a good understanding of CF pathophysiology. Casts are changed once a week and Achilles tenotomy is performed if equinus persists at the end of treatment. Although highly successful on the short to mid-term, the Ponseti technique is not able to completely eradicate surgery, and recurrence is still possible. As the etiology of CF is still unclear, the first mission for doctors and researchers all over the world is to truly understand the pathogenesis of the deformity. Even though genetics seems to play an important role, successful gene therapy is still a distant goal. This narrative review aims to investigate the history of CF treatment in China, to describe its tortuous process and to potentially inspire new ideas to create new effective methods of treatment.
Projected Seismic Activity at the Tiger Stripe Fractures on Enceladus, Saturn, From an Analog Study of Tidally Modulated Icequakes Within the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Dissipation of tidal energy is expected to generate seismicity on icy‐ocean worlds; however, the distribution and timing of this seismic activity throughout an orbital cycle is not known. We used new observations from an icy‐ocean‐world analog environment on Earth to examine the relationship between tidally driven tensile stress and seismic activity within an ice shell. We investigated a pair of rifts within Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf which are tidally stressed in a manner analogous to the orbital cycle of tidal stress experienced by Enceladus' Tiger Stripe Fractures. We found that seismic activity at the Antarctic rifts is sensitive to both the amplitude and the rate of tensile stress across the rifts. We combined these findings with calculated stress values along Enceladus' Tiger Stripe Fractures to predict seismic‐activity levels expected along the ice‐shell fractures. We predict a peak in seismicity along the four Tiger Stripe Fractures when Enceladus is 90°–120° past pericenter in its orbit around Saturn, at which point tensile stresses would reach ∼2/3 of their maximum value. We also used the magnitude distribution of icequakes along Antarctic rifts to investigate implications for the likely size of stick‐slip rupture patches along icy faults on Enceladus. Our findings predict that the Tiger Stripe Fractures should produce sustained, low‐magnitude seismic events that involve rupture along discrete portions of each fracture's total length. We predict that seismicity would fall to 50% of peak levels when stresses across the Tiger Stripe Fractures are dominantly compressional.
Differential Effects of Cholera Toxin Pre-treatment on In Vitro vs. In Vivo Immunocyte Responses

Summary Cholera toxin is known to affect antibody responsiveness, both in vivo and in vitro. In the present study spleen cells from mice pretreated with cholera toxin were markedly deficient in their ability to respond to sheep red blood cells by forming hemolytic antibodies in vitro, whereas splenocytes from mice treated with toxin on the day of immunization or 1 day earlier, showed marked enhancement of antibody responsiveness upon in vitro challenge immunization. Spleen cells from normal mice treated in vitro with cholera toxin at the same time as immunization also showed a marked enhancement of the immune response. Furthermore, normal spleen cell cultures first treated with cholera toxin in vitro and then immunized 2 days later with sheep erythrocytes showed an increased rather than decreased PFC response. These results indicate that depression of antibody formation observed in vivo or in vitro with spleen cells from cholera toxin pretreated animals may reflect an indirect effect, whereas increased responses induced by toxin exposure on the day of immunization, either in vivo or in vitro, may reflect a direct enhancing effect on immunocytes per se.
Measurement Invariance and Comparison of Mean Scores by Age Cohort of Two Versions of the Male Role Norms Inventory

This study was designed to inquire into the effects of aging versus age cohort by examining how men and women representing four age cohorts across the life span endorse masculinity ideology. Ascertaining whether different groups (such as age cohorts) understand a scale in the same way by assessing measurement invariance is a fundamental but oft-ignored prerequisite to comparing their scores on the scale. The Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF) is a multidimensional measure used to assess beliefs in specific norms of masculinity, as well as general beliefs in traditional masculinity ideology (TMI). A five-item unidimensional MRNI -Very Brief (MRNI-VB) has also been developed measuring TMI only. This study administered the MRNI-SF (which includes the five items for the MRNI-VB) to 1,352 men and women in four age cohorts: young, established, middle-aged, and older. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses found support for partial strong invariance for the MRNI-SF across age cohorts. Support for partial strict invariance was found for the MRNI-VB across age cohorts. For both scales, the effect sizes of non-invariant parameters were small in magnitude, thus non-invariance may have little practical significance. These results suggest that the MRNI-SF and the MRNI-VB measure similar masculinity ideology constructs across men and women in four age cohorts. Mean scores on each instrument were therefore compared across age cohorts with confidence, finding that the age cohorts commonly did not endorse “traditional” masculinity ideology, but differed in the level of disagreement with the tenets of TMI in six out of nine comparisons. In five of those six, older adults hewed more strongly to TMI than younger adults, suggesting that age cohort was more determinative of masculinity beliefs than age.
The Effects of Culture on Learning Styles: The Sample of Ondokuz Mayıs University

This study examines the effect of culture on learning styles. The study sample consisted of undergraduate and graduate students, most of whom are foreign nationals, studying in different departments of Ondokuz Mayıs University in Samsun, Turkey. Based on the experiential learning theory (ELT), Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory (KLSI) was used as a data collection tool to define individual learning styles. By examining previous studies such as the Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE), the study focused on categorizing cultural differences. 193 participants from 35 different nationalities were included in one of three cultural clusters (The Middle East, Africa, and Central Asia). In the first part of the study, the dominant learning styles of each cultural cluster were evaluated based on Kolb's traditional 4 learning styles (diverging, converging, assimilating, and accommodating) and the new 9 learning styles (experiencing, imagining, reflecting, analysing, thinking, deciding, acting, balancing) defined in KLSI 3.2 and KLSI 4. It was analysed whether there was a statistically significant difference in the dominant learning styles among the cultural clusters. The results of the analysis showed that there was no significant difference among the cultural clusters according to 4 learning style classifications, whereas there were significant differences among the cultural clusters according to Kolb’s 9 learning style classifications. In the second part of the study, it was evaluated whether there was a significant difference among the cultural clusters according to the modes of grasping experience – concrete experience (CE) and abstract conceptualization (AC) – and two dialectically related modes of transforming experience—reflective observation defined in the ELT model.
Self-Assembly Synthesis of Microencapsulated n-Eicosane Phase-Change Materials with Crystalline-Phase-Controllable Calcium Carbonate Shell

Novel microencapsulated phase-change materials based on an n-eicosane core and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) wall have been synthesized through a self-assembly method. The resultant microcapsules presented rhombohedral and spherical morphologies when the synthesis was performed at different concentrations of surfactant. These two types of the n-eicosane microcapsules also exhibited a well-defined core–shell structure. X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed that the rhombohedral microcapsules achieved a calcite CaCO3 shell, whereas the shell of spherical microcapsules were composed of the vaterite CaCO3. The crystalline phase of the CaCO3 shell could be controlled by the concentration of surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and a crystalline transition from calcite to vaterite occurred when the synthesis was carried out at the surfactant concentration of 3.0 mmol/L. The investigation of phase-change behaviors demonstrated that the encapsulation of n-eicosane enhanced.
A case of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome diagnosed in a 2-year-old child masquerading as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is included under the spectrum of midline abnormalities and is considered as a part of the holoprosencephaly (HPE) wide spectrum. Genetic basis has been identified in few familial cases. PSIS have anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies and a wide spectrum of clinical presentation. The typical clinical manifestations of PSIS are growth retardation, hypoglycemia and delayed puberty. We report a case of PSIS with hyponatremic seizures as initial presentation. Two-year-old girl with growth and development appropriate for age, presented with acute respiratory infection and generalized tonic clonic seizures. There was history of similar illness two weeks prior and was treated for hyponatremia. Child had euvolemic hyponatremia and symptomatic hypoglycemia. Serum cortisol level was observed to be low and thyroid function test was abnormal. MRI brain showed hypoplastic anterior pituitary and ectopic posterior pituitary (hallmark of PSIS) and absent septum pellucidum. Child was treated with hormone replacement therapy with hydrocortisone and thyroxine. Child improved and is on follow up. Clinical suspicion, early diagnosis and treatment prevent worsening of endocrine impairment, permanent short stature and associated morbidities with PSIS.
Further simulations of the effect of cochlear-implant pre-processing and head movement on interaural level differences

We simulated the effect of several automatic gain control (AGC) and AGC-like systems and head movement on the output levels, and resulting interaural level differences (ILDs) produced by bilateral cochlear-implant (CI) processors. The simulated AGC systems included unlinked AGCs with a range of parameter settings, linked AGCs, and two proprietary multi-channel systems used in contemporary CIs. The results show that over the range of values used clinically, the parameters that most strongly affect dynamic ILDs are the release time and compression ratio. Linking AGCs preserves ILDs at the expense of monaural level changes and, possibly, comfortable listening level. Multichannel AGCs can whiten output spectra, and/or distort the dynamic changes in ILD that occur during and after head movement. We propose that an unlinked compressor with a ratio of approximately 3:1 and a release time of 300–500 ms can preserve the shape of dynamic ILDs, without causing large spectral distortions or sacrificing listening comfort.