Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of citizen science on trust between stakeholders and trust in science in a polarized context

ABSTRACT Air pollution and odour annoyance caused by livestock farming often leads to tension and distrust between livestock farmers and non-farming residents in agricultural areas in the Netherlands. In this study, we conducted a citizen science project to measure air quality and odour annoyance in collaboration with farmers, non-farming residents, and the municipality. The aim was to explore whether measuring together through citizen science influenced (1) mutual trust between stakeholders, and (2) their trust in the scientific process and outcomes of this project. We conducted semi-structured interviews with participants before and after participating in the project. Results indicated that measuring together did not improve trust between farmers and their neighbours. However, non-farming residents did express more trust in the municipality and perceived their interests were more fairly taken into account. Moreover, all participants expressed trust in the scientific process and outcomes regarding their ‘own’ measurements; contrasting the distrust they expressed in the ‘official’ governmental data. Control and transparency due to their own involvement, involvement of an independent scientific institute and positive interactions with the scientists’ contributed to this trust. These results highlight the need for further research on the potential impact of citizen science projects on trust in different contexts.
Spatial integration and hierarchy in Old-World wine markets: The role of the 2013 CAP reform

Abstract We explore the impact of the 2013 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform on spatial price co-movements between the main European Union (EU) wine producer markets (i.e., Spain, France, and Italy). We consider monthly prices from January 2005 to January 2020 and R-Vine copula models, splitting the time period considered in December 2012 to track the changes in (1) the degree of integration, (2) the central markets, and (3) the potential asymmetries after the 2013 CAP reform. The results indicate an increasing overall price dependence from one sub-period to another, with Spain succeeding Italy as the central EU market. We also show asymmetry between Italy and France in the upper tail before 2013 and between Spain and France in the lower tail after 2013.
Management and Change in Africa: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

Preface Introduction: Africa Part 1: Rethinking Management in Africa 1. Management Systems in Africa: the Cross-cultural Imperative 2. Developing Cross-cultural Theory and Methods in Africa Part 2: Managing Competences and Capacities 3. Managing Complexity and Uncertainty in the African Environment 4. Managing Decision-Making in Organizations in Africa 5. Using Appropriate Leadership and Management Styles 6. Motivating and Rewarding Managers 7. Gaining Employee Commitment: Work Attitudes and Organizational Climate 8. Managing Multiculturalism: Developing Managers Part 3: Learning from Countries and Cases 9. Nigeria: Managing Cross-Cultural Differences and Similarities 10. Cameroon: Managing Cultural Complexity and Power With Olivier Nana Nzepa 11. Kenya: A Bridge Between Asia and Africa? 12. South Africa: The Future of Management in Africa? With Lynette Louw References
The Health and Nutritional Status of Children (10–18 years) Belonging to Food Insecure Households: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012–2019)

To research the health and nutritional status in Korean children and adolescents belonging to food insecure households (FI), the preregistered secondary data of 18 items from the Food Security Evaluation in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES; 2012–2019) were used. Comparative analyses (food security group [FS], (n = 3150) vs. FI, (n = 405) of household characteristics, health status (anthropometrics, clinics, mentality), and nutritional status (nutrient intake, diet-quality, and pattern) were performed in children (boys: 1871, girls: 1684) aged 10–18 years. The FI comprised higher proportions of participants from low-income families, basic livelihood-security recipients, and vulnerability (characteristics: female household heads, aged ≥50, single, unemployed, with low education and unmet healthcare needs). Compared to FS, boys had higher abdominal obesity and alcohol use, whereas girls had lower high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and mental vulnerability (self-perceived obesity despite FS-similar anthropometry) in FI. Inadequate protein intake among boys and girls, and high carbohydrate and inadequate fat intake among girls were especially found in the FI status. From the results of a nutrition quality test, Vit-A in boys, and protein, niacin, and iron intakes in girls were insufficient, respectively. Health-nutritional policies to improve children’s lifestyles should reinforce FI-based intake of deficient nutrients.
Continuous Wet Spinning of Regenerated Silk Fibers from Spinning Dopes Containing 4% Fibroin Protein

The wet spinning of fibers from regenerated silk fibroin has long been a research goal. Due to the degradation of the molecular structure of the fibroin protein during the preparation of the regenerated silk fibroin solution, fibroin concentrations with at least 10% protein content are required to achieve sufficient viscosity for wet spinning. In this study, a spinning dope formulation of regenerated silk fibroin is presented that shows a rheological behavior similar to that of native silk fibroin isolated from the glands of B. mori silkworm larvae. In addition, we present a wet-spinning process that enables, for the first time, the continuous wet spinning of regenerated silk fibroin with only 4% fibroin protein content into an endless fiber. Furthermore, the tensile strength of these wet-spun regenerated silk fibroin fibers per percentage of fibroin is higher than that of all continuous spinning approaches applied to regenerated and native silk fibroin published so far.
Measurements of Snow Temperature During Rain

Measurements from a spatial array of thermistors set in a natural snowpack are used to track the progress of the O·C isotherm during two rain on snow events. Zones that are at DOC are assumed to contain liquid water and the profiles show details of the patterns of water infiltration into snow. The patterns were different during each event. In one case the development of vertical drainage structures was slow. Water was diverted laterally at stratigraphic horizons and the maximum depth of penetration was less than 15 cm during the first hour of rainfall. In the other case the snowpack was more homogeneous and grains had coarsened. Vertical channels evolved through a part of the snowpack and less water was diverted laterally. Water penetrated 50 cm during the first hour and drainage through the full depth of the snowpack was established rapidly. INTRODUCTION Rain on snow is a common cause Of avalanche release in maritime climates. The usual assumption is that stability decreases after liquid water has penetrated and weakened a basal layer (perla and Martinelli, 1976). However recent observations of the timing of avalanches suggest that slab avalanche activity is common immediately after rain starts and before water and the associated thermal wave has penetrated to the depth of the basal sliding layer (Heywood, 1988; Conway and others, 1988). Further, it has been suggested that stability might increase after drainage has been established through the full depth of the snowpack (Conway and Raymond, 1992). For these reasons it is of interest to investigate the rate and patterns of water infiltration into snow. The physical process involves the release of latent heat when liquid water freezes on contact with cold snow. Water may exist in the liquid phase after the snow has warmed to the melting temperature but further infiltration occurs only after the water content has increased sufficiently to form a continuous liquid film through the pore spaces (Colbeck, 1972, 1975). In this paper we use measurements of snow temperature from a two-dimensional array of thermistors buried in a natural snowpack to defme the position of the O·C isotherm. We assume that snow at O·C contains liquid water and in this way we track the progress of water through the snowpack and calculate the rate of wetting and the rate of infiltration. FIELD AREA AND INSTRUMENTATION Snow temperature profiles were measured in a horizontal snowpack at an elevation of 915 m in the Cascade mountains near Snoqualmie Pass, Washington during the winter of 1991-92. Measurements were made at 15 minute intervals using 110 thermistors (Thermometries Pl00DA202M) multiplexed to a data logger and storage module (Campbell Scientific Inc., units AM416, CRlO, and SM716). The thermistors had been potted in white heat-shrink tubing and white epoxy (to make them waterproof and also to minimize heating from penetrating solar radiation) and each thermistor had been calibrated at the ice point using an ice bath made from distilled water. The error at the ice point was less than ± 0.01 ·C. 1. Geophysics AK-50, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Long-Term Adoption or Abandonment of Smart Technology in the Chinese Elderly Home Care Environment: A Qualitative Research Study

China’s rapidly aging population and shortage of care resources have made it difficult for its traditional model to meet the home care needs of the elderly. On this premise, China is implementing home digital health interventions based on smart technology. During implementation, instead of the expected explosion in long-term adoption, there has been a large amount of abandonment. But so far, the relationship between service experience and these behaviors has been ignored. This study aims to explore the reasons for the long-term adoption or abandonment behaviors of technology by elders in the home care environment. A qualitative study was conducted based on Golant’s framework of smart technology adoption behaviors among elders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 elders who are long-term or former users of smart technology in a home care environment, and data from the interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis. This study identified three themes that influence elders’ adoption behaviors of smart technology in the home care environment, including immediate effectiveness, long-term usability, and possible collateral damage. The findings indicated that the experience of the elders is the key point that affects long-term adoption behavior. For more elders to use smart technology in the home care environment, it is necessary for the government, technology developers, and nursing institutions to further reform the existing system.
Tourism in the New South Africa: Social Responsibility and the Tourist Experience

A new model of tourism development has recently emerged out of a widening concern for the environment. Known variously as 'ecotourism', 'new tourism', 'socially responsible tourism', huge claims are made for it in terms of what it might offer in promoting national tourism development. Yet how well does this new model work in practice? And what does it mean to be an international tourist encountering the cultural, political and economic particularities of the South African experience? Garth Allen and Frank Brennan seek to explore the realities of this new morality of tourism as experienced in four important tourist areas of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa: the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park - South Africa's third largest reserve and a vast and beautiful area accredited World Heritage Status; the Phinda Resource Reserve, renowned for its diverse habitats and rich wildlife; Kosi Bay, a wetland area of international importance; and the Durban beachfront. For the first time, they try to locate the international tourist within the moral maze of tourism in the new South Africa. Their analysis can be applied to other societies committed to the belief that investing in tourism development will be a fast track to economic development and will resonate with the moral challenges facing the international tourist.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (TPACK) PADA GURU BIOLOGI SMA DALAM MATERI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) guru biologi SMA dalam materi sistem saraf. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah convenience sampling sebanyak 6 orang guru biologi kelas XI dari 6 SMAN di Kota Tangerang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian instrumen TPACK, rubrik pengukuran biodata partisipan, perekam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar, format wawancara dan format observasi. Analisis data dengan cara pengkodean berdasarkan tujuh kategori dalam framework TPACK. Berdasarkan hasil temuan di lapangan, peneliti menemukan, 1) Pada umumnya, kemampuan guru dalam merencanakan pembelajaran sistem saraf dikaji berdasarkan TPACK, termasuk dalam kategori tingkat persepsi. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan penggunaan metode presentasi dan diskusi kelas (aspek pedagogik/PK) yang ditunjang dengan aspek teknologi (TK) yang sesuai berupa laptop dan infokus, sedangkan dalam aspek konten (CK) para partisipan sudah dapat mengidentifikasi kesulitan konten. 2) Berdasarkan analisis RPP dan observasi kelas, sebagian besar langkah-langkah pembelajaran yang direncanakan dalam RPP (aspek pedagogik) kurang sesuai dengan implementasinya di kelas, sedangkan untuk aspek konten dan teknologi sudah sesuai dengan implementasinya di kelas. Dengan demikian kemampuan TPACK 6 guru SMAN di Kota Tangerang masuk dalam kategori tingkat persepsi (Pn).
Modélisation de la dynamique et du refroidissement des coulées de lave : vers une utilisation de la télédétection thermique dans la gestion d'une éruption effusive

Pendant une eruption effusive, le principal risque est pose par l'avancee des coulees de lave depuis l'event. Le debit eruptif controle en grande partie cette dynamique, et sa determination en temps reel est un point-cle dans la gestion du risque volcanique. Un suivi de l'eruption peut etre realise par satellite, avec des mesures regulieres du signal thermique (radiance) emis en surface par le champ de lave. Cette these etudie l'evolution du signal thermique de surface pour des courants de gravite qui avancent et se refroidissent simultanement. Pour un fluide dont la viscosite ne depend pas de la temperature et injecte a debit constant, des experiences de laboratoire et un modele theorique montrent que la radiance augmente pendant un premier stade transitoire avant d'atteindre un palier. Pour des parametres de coulees de lave, la theorie predit que le signal radie stationnaire depend principalement du debit eruptif, et la puissance predite est en bon accord avec des donnees de terrain. Des experiences avec un materiel de type cire montrent que la solidification ralentit l'etalement du courant, qui se fait au travers de debordements ponctuels. Il n'y a alors pas d'etat stationnaire dans le signal thermique de surface, mais le materiel fluide (le plus chaud) radie un flux de chaleur constant, dont la valeur augmente avec le debit impose a la source. La these explore egalement l'effet de la topographie et de la variation temporelle du debit sur la dynamique et le signal thermique de l'ecoulement. L'utilisation quantitative de la teledetection thermique necessite une modelisation appropriee de la rheologique effective et de la structure thermique interne des coulees de lave.
A Digital Gaming Intervention to Strengthen the Social Networks of Older Dutch Adults: Mixed Methods Process Evaluation of a Digitally Conducted Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Digital loneliness interventions for older adults are promising, yet conclusive evidence is lacking due to a lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and difficulties with recruitment. Process evaluation of performed RCTs is essential to inform future interventions. Still, it is rarely carried out, resulting in an overly optimistic view of the impact of eHealth interventions on loneliness in older adults and options to conduct such research entirely remotely. Objective We describe a mixed methods process evaluation of a digitally conducted RCT assessing the effectiveness of a mobile social gaming app to facilitate meaningful social interactions in older adults. Methods We analyzed the questionnaire and game data of the RCT participants to evaluate recruitment and onboarding, intervention adherence, and intervention acceptability. The RCT participants were allocated either to the main group of older adults (aged 65 years or older) or the side group (aged between 18 and 64 years). The side group used networking to play with the older adults. We also conducted 6 post-RCT evaluation interviews and 1 focus group with a total of 4 RCT participants and 5 welfare organization representatives that aided in RCT recruitment. Results In total, 371 people aged 18 years or older signed up for the RCT, of which 64% (238/371) were aged 65 years or older. Of the total sample, 20% (76/371) installed the app and signed informed consent, showing a large dropout during onboarding. The high number of questions was a relevant barrier for participants. Both questionnaire and gameplay adherence were low. Participants indicated that the games elicited contact and a feeling of togetherness and proposed challenging and competitive games with increasing difficulty levels. They suggested focusing on enjoying the games rather than administering questionnaires. Conclusions Conducting a remote digital trial of a social gaming intervention for older adults is a great challenge. Remote recruitment and informed consent acquisition may often not result in sufficient participation. Personal engagement with fellow participants and researchers might be essential for adherence and enjoyment. Future digital gaming interventions should start with small-scale studies with in-person contact, repeated instructions, and fewer questionnaires.
Evaluation of Plasma Levels of Interferon-Gamma, Interleukin-6, and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Under-Five Children with Malaria Parasitaemia

Abstract BACKGROUND The interaction between the pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines is known to play key roles in the immune response to infectious diseases. The pathogenesis of malaria parasitemia, including its progression to symptomatic manifestation, also seems to be strongly related to this interplay. AIM The study evaluated the plasma levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-6 (IL)-6, which are pro-inflammatory cytokines, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine; in the 6–60 months age-group children, when infected with Plasmodium falciparum, to show their relevance in the development of immunity against malaria. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional study involving children with uncomplicated malaria parasitemia. In the study, malaria parasitemia was confirmed by microscopy, using the Giemsa stain. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to evaluate the plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, and TGF-β in the under-five children infected with P. falciparum, and their counterparts who were not infected with the parasite. RESULTS: The median plasma IFN-γ, IL-6, and TGF-β levels in participants with malaria parasitemia were 225.15 pg/mL, 123.31 pg/mL, and 2091.02 pg/mL, respectively. The difference in the plasma levels of TGF-β in the infected and uninfected participants was statistically significant with a p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: The findings in this work showed that malaria parasitemia in under-five children is associated with significant depression in the plasma level of TGF-β when compared to their uninfected counterparts.
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Impairs the Placenta–Cortex Transcriptomic Signature, Leading to Dysregulation of Angiogenic Pathways

Although alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a major cause of behavioral and learning disabilities, most FASD infants are late- or even misdiagnosed due to clinician’s difficulties achieving early detection of alcohol-induced neurodevelopmental impairments. Neuroplacentology has emerged as a new field of research focusing on the role of the placenta in fetal brain development. Several studies have reported that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) dysregulates a functional placenta–cortex axis, which is involved in the control of angiogenesis and leads to neurovascular-related defects. However, these studies were focused on PlGF, a pro-angiogenic factor. The aim of the present study is to provide the first transcriptomic “placenta–cortex” signature of the effects of PAE on fetal angiogenesis. Whole mouse genome microarrays of paired placentas and cortices were performed to establish the transcriptomic inter-organ “placenta–cortex” signature in control and PAE groups at gestational day 20. Genespring comparison of the control and PAE signatures revealed that 895 and 1501 genes were only detected in one of two placenta–cortex expression profiles, respectively. Gene ontology analysis indicated that 107 of these genes were associated with vascular development, and String protein–protein interaction analysis showed that they were associated with three functional clusters. PANTHER functional classification analysis indicated that “intercellular communication” was a significantly enriched biological process, and 27 genes were encoded for neuroactive ligand/receptors interactors. Protein validation experiments involving Western blot for one ligand–receptor couple (Agt/AGTR1/2) confirmed the transcriptomic data, and Pearson statistical analysis of paired placentas and fetal cortices revealed a negative correlation between placental Atg and cortical AGTR1, which was significantly impacted by PAE. In humans, a comparison of a 38WG control placenta with a 36WG alcohol-exposed placenta revealed low Agt immunolabeling in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the alcohol case. In conclusion, this study establishes the first transcriptomic placenta–cortex signature of a developing mouse. The data show that PAE markedly unbalances this inter-organ signature; in particular, several ligands and/or receptors involved in the control of angiogenesis. These data support that PAE modifies the existing communication between the two organs and opens new research avenues regarding the impact of placental dysfunction on the neurovascular development of fetuses. Such a signature would present a clinical value for early diagnosis of brain defects in FASD.