Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suction-Injection Control of Shear Banding in Non-Isothermal and Exothermic Channel Flow of Johnson-Segalman Liquids

For certain values of the material parameters, certain viscoelastic fluid models allow for a nonmonotonic relationship between the shear stress and shear rate in simple flows. We consider channel flow of such a fluid, the Johnson-Segalman liquid, subjected to exothermic reactions. A numerical algorithm based on the finite difference method is implemented in time and space for the solution process of the highly nonlinear governing equations. The phenomenon of shear banding is observed and explained in terms of the jump discontinuities in shear rates. We demonstrate that for a reacting Johnson-Segalman fluid, the shear banding can be catastrophic as it leads to large temperature buildup within the fluid and hence makes it easily susceptible, say, to thermal runaway. We also demonstrate that the shear banding can be eliminated by making the walls porous and hence allowing for suction and injection. The suction/injection flow is shown to significantly decrease fluid temperatures for the nonmonotonic viscoelastic Johnson-Segalman model but leads to significant temperature increases for the monotonic viscoelastic Oldroyd-B model.
Combined fine-needle aspiration and selective intraoperative frozen section to optimize prediction of malignant thyroid nodules: A retrospective cohort study of more than 3000 patients

Background Preoperative fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is widely used to differentiate malignant from benign thyroid nodules, while intraoperative frozen sections (FS) are suggested as a systematic supplement for intraoperative decision-making, but limitations still remain for both procedures. Methods Medical records of 3807 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent both pathological diagnoses (FS and FNA) at our hospital were reviewed. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of FNA and FS were also evaluated. We further designed an optimal integration scheme (FNA+selective FS) to predict thyroid nodule malignancy. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed integrated diagnostic model was validated using an independent external cohort. Results For distinguishing malignant nodules, FNA had an accuracy of 90.3%, sensitivity of 90.7%, specificity of 85.2%, PPV of 98.8% and NPV of 40.4%. In contrast, the FS represented higher discriminative power (Accuracy, 94.5%; Sensitivity, 94.1%; Specificity, 100%; PPV, 100%; and NPV, 55.6%). we proposed the selective usage of FS (removed nodules with Bethesda category VI from routine FS, ~1/3 of total). The integrated new diagnostic model of FNA plus selective FS (FNA+sFS) achieved accuracy of 96.9%, sensitivity of 97.3%, specificity of 92%, PPV of 99.4%, and NPV of 71.6% (NRI=0.135, 95% CI 0.103-0.167, P <0.001) and was successfully applied to an external cohort (N=554). Conclusion Compared with the FNA diagnostic system, FS has an increased ability to distinguish benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The newly proposed integrated diagnostic model of FNA + selective FS can optimize the accuracy of diagnosis.
Long-Term Visit-To-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Population: A Retrospective Population-Based Study

Objectives: To examine the association between visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) risk in a Chinese population. Methods: Data comes from China Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 15,084). BPV was estimated as the average real variability (ARV) using at least three BP measurements from the year preceding the event and was divided into quartiles. Participants were also categorized into 9 groups on the basis of combinations of systolic BPV (SBPV) and diastolic BPV (DBPV) tertiles. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used. Results: During a median follow-up of 16.8 years, 1,030 (6.8%) participants developed diabetes (incidence rate: 4.65/1,000 person-years). The HRs (95% CIs) for the highest quartile (vs. the lowest quartile) of SBPV and DBPV were 1.60 (1.30–1.97) and 1.37 (1.13–1.67), respectively. Participants with both highest SBPV and DBPV tertile had an ≈89% higher risk of DM (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.47–2.42) compared with those in the both SBPV and DBPV tertile 1 group. Conclusion: Higher SBP ARV and DBP ARV were independently associated with increased risk of incident DM, which was augmented when both presented together.
The emerging applications and advancements of Raman spectroscopy in pediatric cancers

Although the survival rate of pediatric cancer has significantly improved, it is still an important cause of death among children. New technologies have been developed to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pediatric cancers. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a non-destructive analytical technique that uses different frequencies of scattering light to characterize biological specimens. It can provide information on biological components, activities, and molecular structures. This review summarizes studies on the potential of RS in pediatric cancers. Currently, studies on the application of RS in pediatric cancers mainly focus on early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and treatment improvement. The results of these studies showed high accuracy and specificity. In addition, the combination of RS and deep learning is discussed as a future application of RS in pediatric cancer. Studies applying RS in pediatric cancer illustrated good prospects. This review collected and analyzed the potential clinical applications of RS in pediatric cancers.
Humans, fish, spiders and bees inherited working memory and attention from their last common ancestor

All brain processes that generate behaviour, apart from reflexes, operate with information that is in an “activated” state. This activated information, which is known as working memory (WM), is generated by the effect of attentional processes on incoming information or information previously stored in short-term or long-term memory (STM or LTM). Information in WM tends to remain the focus of attention; and WM, attention and STM together enable information to be available to mental processes and the behaviours that follow on from them. WM and attention underpin all flexible mental processes, such as solving problems, making choices, preparing for opportunities or threats that could be nearby, or simply finding the way home. Neither WM nor attention are necessarily conscious, and both may have evolved long before consciousness. WM and attention, with similar properties, are possessed by humans, archerfish, and other vertebrates; jumping spiders, honey bees, and other arthropods; and members of other clades, whose last common ancestor (LCA) is believed to have lived more than 600 million years ago. It has been reported that very similar genes control the development of vertebrate and arthropod brains, and were likely inherited from their LCA. Genes that control brain development are conserved because brains generate adaptive behaviour. However, the neural processes that generate behaviour operate with the activated information in WM, so WM and attention must have existed prior to the evolution of brains. It is proposed that WM and attention are widespread amongst animal species because they are phylogenetically conserved mechanisms that are essential to all mental processing, and were inherited from the LCA of vertebrates, arthropods, and some other animal clades.
Soil fungal community characteristics vary with bamboo varieties and soil compartments

Soil fungi play an important role in nutrient cycling, mycorrhizal symbiosis, antagonism against pathogens, and organic matter decomposition. However, our knowledge about the community characteristics of soil fungi in relation to bamboo varieties is still limited. Here, we compared the fungal communities in different soil compartments (rhizosphere vs. bulk soil) of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and its four varieties using ITS high-throughput sequencing technology. The fungal α diversity (Shannon index) in bulk soil was significantly higher than that in rhizosphere soil, but it was not affected by bamboo variety or interactions between the soil compartment and bamboo variety. Soil compartment and bamboo variety together explained 31.74% of the variation in fungal community diversity. Soil compartment and bamboo variety were the key factors affecting the relative abundance of the major fungal taxa at the phylum and genus levels. Soil compartment mainly affected the relative abundance of the dominant fungal phylum, while bamboo variety primarily influenced the dominant fungal genus. Network analysis showed that the fungal network in rhizosphere soil was more complex, stable, and connected than that in bulk soil. A FUNGuild database analysis indicated that both soil compartment and bamboo variety affect fungal functions. Our findings provide new insights into the roles of both soil compartments and plant species (including variety) in shaping soil fungal communities.
Pinched Material Einstein Space-Time Produces Accelerated Cosmic Expansion

An instructive analogy between the deformation of a pinched elastic cylindrical shell and the anti-gravity behind accelerated cosmic expansion is established. Subsequently the entire model is interpreted in terms of a hyperbolic fractal Rindler space-time leading to the same robust results regarding real energy and dark energy being 4.5% and 95.5% respectively in full agreement with all recent cosmological measurements.
Should we reconsider first-line treatments for glaucoma in the setting of meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular surface disease: Glaucoma treatments and its effects

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Nguyen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Opinion PUBLISHED 06 February 2023 DOI 10.3389/fopht.2023. 958955
Rats chirp with their mouth full: During an experimental meal, adult male Wistar rats emitted flat ultrasonic vocalisations upon feeding

Rats produce ultrasonic vocalisation (USVs) that are classified into different types, based on their average frequency. In pups 40 kHz USVs are produced upon social isolation, and in adults USVs can be associated with affective states and specific behavioural patterns (i.e., appetitive 50 kHz vocalisations of frequency range 30−100 kHz, or aversive 20 kHz vocalisations of frequency range 18−30 kHz). Generally, USVs of frequency around 50 kHz are linked to activation of brain reward pathways, during anticipation or experience of rewarding stimuli. Previous studies have described several subtypes of 50 kHz USVs, according to their acoustic properties. We asked whether USV production might be relevant to feeding behaviour. We recorded USVs from 14-week old adult rats during the satisfaction of a physiological need: refeeding following mild food deprivation (17 h overnight fast). We analysed a 10 min consummatory phase, preceded by a 10 min anticipatory phase, as a control for the experimental meal. Following identification of USV subtypes, we applied frequentist and Bayesian (Monte Carlo shuffling) statistical analyses to investigate the relationship between USV emission and rat behaviour. We found that it was not total USV quantity that varied in response to food consumption, but the subtype of USV produced. Most importantly we found that rats who feed tend to produce flat USVs of a frequency around 40 kHz. Beyond the previous reports of circumstantial association feeding-flat USVs, our observation directly correlate vocalisation and ingestive behaviour. Our study highlights that, in addition to quantification of the production rate, study of USV subtypes might inform us further on rat consummatory behaviour. Since this vocalisation behaviour can have a communicative purpose, those findings also illustrate nutrition studies might benefit from considering the possible social dimension of feeding behaviour.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after anlotinib treatment for small cell lung cancer: A case report and literature review

Anlotinib is an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor as a third-line and subsequent treatment for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in China. The neurotoxicity is less reported. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by headaches, seizures, encephalopathy, and visual disturbances, as well as focal reversible vasogenic edema seen on neuroimages. Here, we presented a case of PRES in a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patient associated with anlotinib. A 37-year-old female patient, who had a history of diabetes, with extensive-stage SCLC received anlotinib after third-line chemotherapy. Ten cycles of anlotinib later, the patient experienced visual disturbance and was diagnosed with PRES based on the typical demyelination of white matter obtained in the brain magnetic resonance. During anlotinib therapy, the patient did not develop anti-VEGF therapy-induced hypertension. Subsequently, the patient stopped anlotinib, but she did not recover from symptoms. We also summarized the characteristics of fifty-four cases of PRES caused by antiangiogenic drugs in the literature. Based on our experience and the literature review, the incidence of PRES induced by antiangiogenic drugs is low, and the symptom can resolve upon stopping the medications. However, some cases still have a poor prognosis and the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. In addition, early detection and treatment of PRES are essential for physicians.
Range and flight time of quadratic resisted projectile motion using the Lambert W function

We study projectile motion with air resistance quadratic in speed. An approximation of a low-angle trajectory is considered where the horizontal velocity, v x , is assumed to be much larger than the vertical velocity, v y . The explicit solutions for the range and flight time are expressed in terms of the secondary branch of the Lambert function, W − 1 ? > . In addition to their theoretical importance, the results obtained will be of interest to teachers involved in undergraduate physics courses.
Soliton pairing of two coaxially co-propagating mutually incoherent 1-D beams in Kerr type media

In this paper, we have developed a theory (using parabolic equation approach) of coupled propagation of two coaxially co-propagating and mutually incoherent bright 1-D beams in Kerr type media. We have provided a detailed account of the propagation behavior and condition of formation of spatial soliton pairs for various coupling coefficients (κ = 1, 2/3, 2) when wavelengths and widths of the beams are the same/different. We have also identified conditions for a distinct type of coupled propagation. Our simple and straightforward theory presents many features of copropagating beams which are in agreement with the features reported earlier using coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). The paper adds to the understanding of coupled propagation by revealing many additional features not reported earlier.
Using Selection Procedures to Analyze State Traffic Fatality Rates

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT Two decades (1982-2002) of state motor vehicle traffic fatality rates are analyzed using descriptive techniques, parametric indifference zone ranking and selection procedures, and nonparametric subset selection methodologies. Each of the statistical selection methods identify a state, or a group of states, asserted to be the best (or worst), or containing the best (or worst), with a prescribed probability applicable to a stated parametric configuration of the populations. Operating characteristic curves are developed for the indifference zone selection procedures. Best and worst states are defined in terms of ordered (state) location parameters of the assumed underlying probability distributions for the fatality rates. Best (worst) is characterized by the smallest (largest) location parameter. Power transformations of the rates are utilized to develop two-way models that are free of state-year interaction terms. Geographic patterns for the selected states are identified. The time stability of the geographic conclusions are examined by comparing the results of this study to those of an analysis of 1960-1976 motor vehicle traffic fatality rates appearing in a 1979 issue of Technometrics. The conclusions are also contrasted to those derived from similar analyses of alcohol-involved motor vehicle traffic fatality rates and several discordant states identified.
An Upwind-Biased Conservative Transport Scheme for Multistage Temporal Integrations on Spherical Icosahedral Grids

AbstractA standard nominally third-order upwind-biased spatial discretization of the flux-divergence operator was extended to a spherical icosahedral grid. The method can be used with multistage time-stepping schemes such as the Runge–Kutta method to compute the transport of variables on both hexagonal–pentagonal and triangular meshes. Two algorithms can be used to determine mesh cell face values: 1) interpolation using a quadratic function reconstructed subject to an integral constraint, or 2) calculation of the weighted mean of two linearly interpolated and extrapolated values. The first approach was adopted for a triangular mesh because the second approach depends on the mesh having a hexagonal or pentagonal shape. Both approaches were tested on the hexagonal–pentagonal mesh.These schemes were subjected to standard transport tests on a spherical icosahedral grid. A three-stage Runge–Kutta time stepping method was used, and if necessary a flux limiter was applied to maintain monotonicity. The two differ.
Finite element implementation of Robinson's unified viscoplastic model and its application to some uniaxial and multiaxial problems

A description of the finite element implementation of Robinson's unified viscoplastic model into the general purpose finite element program, MARC, is presented. To demonstrate its application, the implementation is applied to some uniaxial and multiaxial problems. A comparison of the results for the multiaxial problem of a thick internally pressurized cylinder, obtained using the finite element implementation and an analytical solution, is also presented. Excellent agreement obtained confirms the correct finite element implementation of Robinson's model.
Sustained suppression of type-I edge-localized modes with dominantly n = 2 magnetic fields in DIII-D

Type-I edge-localized modes (ELMs) have been suppressed in DIII-D (Luxon et al 2003 Nucl. Fusion 43 1813) H-mode discharges with a H98Y2 confinement factor near 1.0 using magnetic perturbations (MPs) with dominant toroidal mode number n = 2. This expands access to the ELM-suppressed regime, which was previously attainable in DIII-D only with n = 3 fields. ELM suppression is obtained with two rows of internal coils for 1.8 s with normalized beta of 1.9 and average triangularity of 0.53, corresponding to a scaled version of ITER scenario 2 at an ITER relevant electron collisionality of 0.2. The applied field reduces the pedestal pressure and edge current via the density without degrading the edge thermal transport barrier. ELITE calculations find that the resulting profiles are stable to intermediate-n peeling–ballooning modes. ELM suppression is found within different ranges of q95 depending on the coil configuration used to generate the MP. The edge safety factors associated with suppression do not correspond to those that maximize the pitch-resonant components of the applied vacuum field. Instead, ELM suppression is correlated with an increase in the amplification of kink-resonant components of the calculated ideal MHD plasma response field.
Electron Orbital Theory for an Alternative Interpretation of Low-pressure Hurricane Systems

Hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons are weather phenomena wh ich induce damages for billions of dollars yearly and pose significant risks to communities world wide. The need fo r better meteoro logical prediction methods is therefore more important than ever, part icularly with the emergence of "ext reme weather" conditions. Super-co mputer methods are key tools for storm-analysis and prediction, and are used frequently to predict the direction of large low-pressure systems such as Hurricanes heading yearly for A merican continent, cyclones in Australia and typhoons in Japan. The dynamical behaviour of these vast low-pressure systems is not fully understood, and the directions of these weather phenomena are often resolved too late for evacuation procedures to be fully effect ive. In order to increase the understanding of low-pressure systems and meteorological pred iction, a hybrid v iew on the behaviour of hurricane systems based on a blend of quantum mechanics and classical physics is introduced in this brief note. The aims are to introduce a mathemat ical contemp lation to bring to the attention of meteorolog ical modelers a putative behaviour of the storm systems analogue with electron orbital density functional theory, and to use electron orbital theory to imp rove the resolution and predictive power of storm modeling. The mathematical discussion presented herein shows that a low-pressure system can be subdivided into N-layers, with physical and energetical qualities. Such qualit ies comprise angular mo menta and individual energ ies of high-density regions which can be used to predict the direction of the low-pressure system. The results and mathemat ical d iscussion presented herein serve as a foundation for Hurricane theory improvement.
COBE Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer Observations of Galactic Lines

The COBE Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) observations constitute an unbiased survey over the wavelength range from 100 μm to 1 cm over 99% of the sky. Improved calibration of the FIRAS instrument and the inclusion of all of the FIRAS data allow an improved signal-to-noise ratio determination of the spectral lines by a factor of ~2 over our previous results. The resolution is low (0.45 cm-1), so only the strongest lines are observable. The CO chain from J = 1-0 to J = 8-7 is observed toward the Galactic center. The line ratios are roughly consistent with a 40 K excitation temperature. The 157.7 μm C II and 205.3 μm N II lines are observable over most of the sky. The 370.4 and 609.1 μm lines of C I and the 121.9 μm line of N II are observed in the Galactic plane. The line ratios at the Galactic center are consistent with a density of n0 ~ 30 cm-3 and a UV flux of G0 ≈ 15 μW m-2 sr-1 (10 Habing units). The 269 μm H2O line is observed toward the Galactic center in absorption.