Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regeneration Process of an Autologous Tissue-Engineered Trachea (aTET) in a Rat Patch Tracheoplasty Model

The treatment of long-tracheal lesion is difficult because there are currently no viable grafts for tracheal replacement. To solve this problem, we have developed an autologous Tissue-Engineered Trachea (aTET), which is made up of collagenous tissues and cartilage-like structures derived from rat chondrocytes. This graft induced successful long-term survival in a small-animal experiment in our previous study. In this study, we investigated the regeneration process of an aTET to attain reproducible success. We prepared an aTET by using a specially designed mold and performed patch tracheoplasty with an aTET. We assigned twenty-seven rats to three groups according to the three types of patch grafts used: aTET patches (the aTET group), fresh tracheal autograft patches (the Ag group), or polylactic acid and polycaprolactone copolymer sheets (the PPc group). In each group, gross and histological evaluations were performed at 1 month (n = 3), 3 months (n = 3), and 6 months (n = 3) after implantation. We obtained high survival rates in all groups, but only the PPc group attained thick tracheal walls with granular tissues and no tracheal regeneration. On the other hand, the aTET and Ag groups reproducibly achieved complete tracheal regeneration in 6 months. So, an aTET could be a promising candidate for tracheal regeneration grafts.
Design and optimization of an IPMSM with ﬁxed outer dimensions for application in HEVs

—Permanent magnet excited synchronous machines (PMSM) are ﬁnding more and more applications nowadays. They are particularly well adapted when a high power to volume ratio or a high overall efﬁciency are required. This is in particular the case for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), due to the limited space available in drive trains and the severe constraints on fuel consumption. PM-motors are therefore the most widespread machine type in parallel HEVs. This paper presents the design and optimization of an internal PM-motor (IPMSM) under the constraint that the outer dimensions of the machine are ﬁxed. The optimal rotor radius and the appropriate pole pair number of the machine are determined by means of analytical calculations and ﬁnite element (FE) simulations. A geometry optimization is performed, considering all losses (i.e. copper, iron-and eddy-current losses), as well as the demagnetization resistance and the effect of centrifugal forces at high rotational speeds. In order to determine the ﬁeld weakening capability and to generate the speed-torque as well as the speed-power characteristics, the direct-and quadrature-axis inductances are calculated in function of the load current and the ﬁeld weakening angle.
Time-of-flight imaging for assessing soil deformations and improving forestry vehicle tracking accuracy

ABSTRACT Automatically collected forest environment data is essential when developing more accurate and efficient forestry operations. Reliable position-based data enables efficient wood procurement operations and helps to avoid damage to the forest floor. A modern forestry vehicle with extensive sensing capabilities could measure environmental parameters, such as soil type, topography or weather conditions, while carrying out other wood procurement tasks. Furthermore, methods to improve positioning accuracy are also called for when the positioning is based on global satellite navigation systems (GNSS), whose signals are often blocked by the forest canopy. In this article, data is collected automatically with two of Microsoft’s Kinect v2 time-of-flight sensors during field tests in a forest environment in Southern Finland. The aim of the article is to propose methods which will improve positioning accuracy by enabling the movement of the forwarder to be detected and also to provide reliable measurements of any soil deformations caused by the vehicle in real time. The results show that Kinect v2 technology enables tracking of the vehicle’s movements over short distances with sub-meter accuracy, thus supporting the GNSS positioning during the short periods of unavailable satellite visibility. Kinect v2 technology has also been shown to be able to measure the depth of ruts as accurately as conventional manual measurements.
The distribution and composition of high‐velocity lower crust across the continental U.S.: Comparison of seismic and xenolith data and implications for lithospheric dynamics and history

The composition of the continental lower crust is not well known. High seismic wave speeds may indicate mafic or garnet‐bearing material, with implications for emplacement history, evolution, and rheological and dynamic behavior. In this contribution, we use recent seismic results from the EarthScope Transportable Array, compilations of active source studies, and selected xenolith studies to attempt to map the distribution of high‐velocity lower crust across the continental U.S. and assess its relationship to proposed emplacement‐ and destruction‐related mechanisms such as underplating and intraplating, collision, extension, heating, cooling, hydration, and delamination. Thin layers of high‐velocity lower crust related to regional processes are found scattered throughout the continent. Thicker layers in large areas are found in the central and eastern U.S. in areas with thick crust, bounded roughly by the Rocky Mountain Front. Emplacement processes likely originally spanned this boundary, and the difference between the two domains may reflect garnet growth with cooling and aging of continental crust in much of the central and eastern U.S., while crustal thickness and lithospheric temperatures in the western U.S. are unfavorable for growth and maintenance of thick layers of high‐velocity garnet‐bearing lower crust.
The Moon's Largest Craters and Basins: Images and Topographic Maps from LRO, GRAIL, and Kaguya

Thismost recentbook from lunar expert Charles J. Byrne combines the latest comprehensive imagery, topography and gravity data from all three recentMoon missions, Kaguya, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and GRAIL. Thesemajor polar-orbit surveys are presented herein compact form for the convenience of amateur andpractical astronomers concerned with the Moon.Chosen from the Near and Far Side's large craters and basins over 200 km in diameter, eachof the 71 highlighted features is depictedwith a two-page presentation of the data that includes false color topographic maps next to the mission images. Additionally, the featuresare presented in the estimated chronological sequence of their creation, based on a consideration of stratigraphy (overlapping layers from neighboring features) andthe relative degradation of surface features. Using this sequence as a way to conveythe relative ages of lunar features, the author presents various theories concerning the Moon s impact and thermal history e.g. the available evidence allows for constraints to be placed on the duration of the Late Heavy Bombardment period. The relationships between impact dynamics and variations in the gravity field of the Moonare also discussed. The new mission data makes possible this renewed conjecture about the history and evolution of the Moon, which is presented here withmuch worthwhile information for amateurs and professionals alike
Challenges and opportunities in adolescent intellectual disability care and rehabilitation

Background There have been mounting concerns over the lack of proper facilities for adolescents living with intellectual disability (ALWID), and the struggles particularly of the developing world to provide care and rehabilitation services for this population. Care and rehabilitation services are needed to improve this population’s normal functioning but have been scarce or non-existent in most communities. Objectives This study aimed to solicit and describe nurse managers’ views of the challenges and opportunities in rendering care and rehabilitation services to ALWID. The study was based on Julian Rappaport’s empowerment theory, which provided a framework for organising essential knowledge while rendering care and rehabilitation services for ALWID. Method A qualitative, explorative design was used to solicit nurse managers’ views of the challenges and opportunities in rendering rehabilitation services to ALWID in Tshwane District, Gauteng province, South Africa. Thirteen participants were purposively selected from three rehabilitation centres. Results Data were analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s six-step method. Five themes emerged relating to challenges and opportunities in rendering rehabilitation services to ALWID. Two themes focussed on challenges, namely inadequate age-appropriate rehabilitation services and a lack of material and non-material resources. Strengthened support systems, partnerships with outside stakeholders, and the promotion of physical activities emerged as opportunities for rendering rehabilitation services to ALWID. Conclusion Nurse managers believe rehabilitation services empower ALWID towards autonomy, enhancing their societal function and quality of life with a crucial strong support system. Contribution Nurse managers should lead in creating collaboration platforms for ALWID care, promoting partnerships, sharing best practices, and overcoming challenges in treatment and rehabilitation.
Effect of ENSO on the variability of SST and Chlorophyll-a in Java Sea

Sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) are two parameters often used for identifying the marine productivity. Located at the maritime continent, the variability of SST and Chl-a in the Indonesian seas is influenced by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The previous studies showed that the effect of El Niño tend to decrease SST and increase Chl-a in the areas within the Indonesian seas. Using long time observation of satellite data (2003-2016), it was found different result in Java Sea. Since Java Sea has strong seasonal variability influenced by monsoon wind, the effect of ENSO depend on the season. During southeast monsoon season, El Niño (La Niña) tend to increase (decrease) the speed of southeasterly wind cause the decrease or increase of SST. On the contrary, during northwest monsoon season, El Niño (La Niña) tend to decrease (increase) the speed of northwesterly wind cause the increase (decrease) of SST. The dependence of Chl-a on wind speed is only observed in the off shore which exhibit the strong seasonal variation. However, the effect of ENSO on the variability of Chl-a is not robust since the effected amplitude is less than the RMSE of Chl-a data.
Sucralose: From Sweet Success to Metabolic Controversies—Unraveling the Global Health Implications of a Pervasive Non-Caloric Artificial Sweetener

Sucralose is a food additive initially used to mitigate glycemic peaks and calorie intake in patients with diabetes and obesity. Although sucralose has been considered safe for human consumption, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert in 2023 concerning the potential health implications of this artificial sweetener. This review aims to comprehensively explore the effects of sucralose intake on human health by understanding sucralose absorption, metabolism, and excretion. We also outline the role of the sweet taste 1 receptor 3 (T1R3) in mediating sucralose-dependent signaling pathways that regulate satiety, incretin release, and insulin response. Finally, we discuss the impact of sucralose on microbiome dysbiosis, inflammatory response origin, liver damage, and toxicity. Gaining a deeper understanding of the manifold effects of sucralose on human physiology will help promote further studies to ensure its consumption is deemed safe for a broader population, including children, adolescents, and pregnant women.
Process‐Oriented Modeling of a High Arctic Tundra Ecosystem: Long‐Term Carbon Budget and Ecosystem Responses to Interannual Variations of Climate

Terrestrial carbon (C) cycling in high Arctic tundra depends on ecosystem responses to climatic warming and concurrent changes in environmental conditions. There are very few studies to quantify long‐term C budget in high Arctic tundra due to lack of sufficient measurements. Here based on well‐established multiyear measurements, we calibrated a process‐oriented model (CoupModel) to quantify various components of the C budget at a Cassiope tetragona heath ecosystem in northeast Greenland. Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) for 2000–2014 was estimated at −15 ± 10 g C m−2 yr−1. Ecosystem respiration (ER) for nongrowing seasons was estimated at 10.3 ± 5.3 g C m−2 yr−1, representing around 13% of the annual ER. Significant trends for interannual variations of aboveground and belowground C fluxes and stocks were found for the subperiods (i.e., 2000–2008 and 2008–2014) but not for the entire period. Interannual variations of NEE largely relied on the response of gross primary production (GPP) and ER to seasonal changes in climate. Moreover, the model showed that interannual variations of GPP, ER, and NEE had a much higher linear correlation with July temperature and annual maximum thawing depth (ALDmax) than other climatic and site characteristics. ALDmax had the highest correlation with the decomposition rate of humus C. Overall, this modeling study suggests that a sink‐source transition of the studied ecosystem depends on ecosystem responses to interannual variations of climate and that the net C balance may be sensitive to summer warmth and active layer thickness.
DNA variants and population structure of Magelang ducks across generation

Magelang ducks (MD) are Indonesian local ducks and are known as dual-purpose type ducks which have high egg production, duck day production (DDP), and body weight size. Nowadays, the MD is selected to establish the pure line to advance the egg production trait in the Breeding and Rearing Center of Non-Ruminant Animals Banyubiru, Central Java. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Dloop region, is highly polymorphic and could be used to analyze the population genetics. The present research aims to examine the impacts of continuous selection on population structure and genetic mutations on MD across two generations using the mtDNA D-loop region. Thirty-six blood samples from the second (G2) and third (G3) generations were examined using the sequencing method. The MEGA X and DnaSP software were applied to calculate the genetic diversity, genetic distance, and to generate a phylogenetic tree. The number of haplotypes (H), haplotype diversity (Hd), and Tajima's D are 26, 0.9746, and -1.46, respectively. The Fst value of MD is 0.156. The genetic distance among populations ranges from 0.0000 – 2.097. The UPGMA analysis constructs one clade in a phylogenetic tree between MD, Indonesian local Ducks, Indian Ducks, Vietnamese Ducks, and Chinese Ducks. The study found that the genetic variation and population structure did not significantly change between the second and third generations.
The Composition of Plasma inside Geostationary Orbit Based on Van Allen Probes Observations

The composition of the inner magnetosphere is of great importance for determining the plasma pressure and thus the currents and magnetic field configuration. In this study, we perform a statistical survey of equatorial plasma pressure distributions and investigate the relative contributions of ions and electron with different energies inside of geostationary orbit under two auroral electrojet levels based on over 60 months of observations from the Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron and Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment mass spectrometers onboard Van Allen Probes. We find that the total and partial pressures of different species increase significantly at high auroral electrojet levels with hydrogen pressure being dominant in the plasmasphere. The pressures of the heavy ions and electrons increase outside the plasmapause and develop a strong dawn‐dusk asymmetry with ion pressures peaking at dusk and electron pressure peaking at dawn. In addition, ring current hydrogen with energies ranging from 50 keV up to several hundred keV is the dominant component of plasma pressure during both quiet (>90%) and active times (>60%), while oxygen with 10 < E < 50 keV and electrons with 0.1 < E < 40 keV become important during active times contributing more than 25% and 20% on the nightside, respectively, while the helium contribution is generally small. The results presented in this study provide a global picture of the equatorial plasma pressure distributions and the associated contributions from different species with different energy ranges, which advance our knowledge of wave generation and provide models with a systematic baseline of plasma composition.
Smelting Metals, Enacting Rituals. The Interplay of Religious Symbolisms and Metallurgical Practices in the Ancient Eastern Mediterranean

The archaeological discourse on the development of metallurgy in Anatolia, the Levant and, more generally, the Eastern Mediterranean region has extensively focused on crucial aspects such as procurement routes, technological developments, manufacturing strategies, and socio-economic connotations of metal consumption. On the other hand, potential symbolic and ritualistic aspects permeating mining and metal-making activities have rarely been taken into consideration, largely due to the ephemerality of such traditions and practices in the material record. Extensive studies have analyzed the ritual dimensions of iron and copper metalworking across different belief systems and social structures, from pre-industrial sub-Saharan Africa to pre-classical Andean cultures, from Bronze Age Central Europe to China. Drawing on the contemporary anthropological and archaeological debate on the subject, this contribution identifies and analyzes recurrent semantics of ritualization in metalworking processes, looking at different lines of epigraphic and material evidence from the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean. The aim is to discuss patterns of correlation between belief systems, ritual behavior, and socioeconomic organizations and to prompt more comprehensive analyses on the complementary technological and symbolic aspects of ancient metallurgical practices.
The Effect of Micronutrients on Obese Phenotype of Adult Mice Is Dependent on the Experimental Environment

The environment of the test laboratory affects the reproducibility of treatment effects on physiological phenotypes of rodents and may be attributed to the plasticity of the epigenome due to nutrient-gene-environment interactions. Here, we explored the reproducibility of adding a multi-vitamin-mineral (MVM) mix to a nutrient-balanced high-fat (HF) diet on obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and gene expression in the tissues of adult male mice. Experiments of the same design were conducted in three independent animal facilities. Adult C57BL/6J male mice were fed an HF diet for 6 weeks (diet induced-obesity model) and then continued for 9–12 weeks on the HF diet with or without 5-fold additions of vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, Zn, and 2-fold Se. The addition of the MVM affected body weight, fat mass, gene expression, and markers of IR in all three locations (p < 0.05). However, the direction of the main effects was influenced by the interaction with the experimental location and its associated environmental conditions known to affect the epigenome. In conclusion, MVM supplementation influenced phenotypes and expression of genes related to adipose function in obese adult male mice, but the experimental location and its associated conditions were significant interacting factors. Preclinical studies investigating the relationship between diet and metabolic outcomes should acknowledge the plasticity of the epigenome and implement measures to reproduce studies in different locations.
The Effects of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Indicators of the End Tuberculosis Strategy: A Literature Review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had severely taken a toll on the health system in all nations from the wealthiest to the poorest countries. The disruption to the health system was not only due to the direct effects of the COVID-19 pandemic but also the pressure it caused to stretch the health systems beyond their capability indirectly. The purpose of this review was to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the indicators of the end tuberculosis strategy. Methods: Articles were searched from scientific search engines such as CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, ProQuest, APA Psych, INFO as well as manual searches through Google and Google Scholar search engines. Both quantitative and qualitative studies that showed the impact or effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB diagnosis, TB patient management, treatment initiation, treatment adherence, patients’ loss to follow up were included. A total of 375 articles were screened, and 12 full-text articles were ultimately included in the review. Findings: The extracted impact were synthesized thematically into three indicators of the end TB strategy: impact on TB incidence rate; impact on TB deaths; Impact on catastrophic costs due to TB. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the three indicators of the end TB strategy and has significantly reversed the global TB progress in the fight to end TB epidemic. This has increased the risk of TB incidence, deaths, and the severity of economic impact on TB-affected households. Therefore, there is a need for countries to take step forward and develop intervention strategies that will help them to resolve the damage caused by the pandemic on the achieve the targets to end TB. This study could improve strategies implementation regarding the management of TB disease.
Serum ferritin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict all-cause mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: a prospective study

Introduction: Maintenance hemodialysis is an effective treatment for end-stage renal disease patients. A critical factor contributing to the deterioration and death of maintenance hemodialysis patients is inflammation. Therefore, we focused on two inflammatory markers, serum ferritin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, to speculate whether they could predict the prognosis of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Patients and methods: We followed 168 patients with maintenance hemodialysis from July 2019 to July 2022 with the endpoint of all-cause death or follow-up completion. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to assess the values of serum ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and serum ferritin combined with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to predict the outcomes of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed to compare survival rates over time. Results: Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that the best cut-off value of serum ferritin for predicting the prognosis of maintenance hemodialysis patients was 346.05 μg/L, and that of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was 3.225. Furthermore, a combination of both had a more excellent predicting value than either index (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses revealed that low serum ferritin levels and low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio had a higher probability of survival than high ferritin levels and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, separately. Conclusion: Elevated serum ferritin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are closely related to all-cause mortality among maintenance hemodialysis patients, for which they may be predictors of all-cause mortality. Additionally, the combination of the two has a much higher predictor value for the prognosis of maintenance hemodialysis patients.