Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary estimation of carbon stock in a logging concession with a forest management plan in East Cameroon

ABSTRACT Logging operations in Cameroon are based on the extraction of wood from natural forests. In this article, we assessed the carbon stock in a forest management unit (FMU) located in East Cameroon from field inventory to postfelling operations up to sawmill and export terminals. Tree basal area and aboveground biomass were calculated based on trees inventoried in the annual allowable cut. We observed that from an exploitable tree potential of 0.696 trees ha−1 inventoried within a diameter range of 50–110 cm, 0.141 tree ha−1 (i.e., 20% of the inventoried trees) were logged. In other words, out of 6.78 tC ha−1 inventoried, 1.84 tC ha−1 (i.e., 27% was logged), 1.62 tC ha−1 arrived in the log yard and 1.3 tC ha−1 arrived in sawmill, while 0.32 tC ha−1 reached the export terminal. In terms of damages caused on vegetation, 4.45% of all the annual allowance cut (AAC) were affected during logging activities, this represents almost 33,188.07 tons of carbon. These findings show that the implementation of reduced-impact logging (RIL) could reduce these losses throughout the logging steps and help propose a process for the valuation of wood waste in the forest and sawmill. In this context, reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation will be engaged with the right approach.
L'échinococcose hydatique de l'enfant en Tunisie: fertilité et localisation des kystes.

L'echinococcose hydatique, qui debute le plus frequemment durant l'enfance ou l'adolescence, constitue un serieux probleme de sante publique en Tunisie. Dans ce travail, nous avons etudie la localisation et la fertilite des kystes de 121 enfants (161 kystes), ainsi que la viabilite de leurs protoscolex La localisation principale des kystes est le poumon (59 %), suivi du foie (36 %). L'infestation des garcons est plus importante que celle des filles (sex-ratio de 1,96) et le plus grand nombre de cas a ete observe pour la tranche d'âge 4-9 ans (94 cas, soit 78 %). La fertilite des kystes est independante de leur localisation et de leur taille et aucune correlation avec l'âge de l'enfant n'a ete observee. Neanmoins, le taux de fertilite est plus important chez les filles que chez les garcons pour les localisations hepatiques.
A study of leukemias Profile in central India

Introduction: Leukemia was considered as a rare disease few years back. However, it is increasing in incidence and prevalence slowly and steadily. Leukemias are euplastic proliferations of haematopoietic cells and form a major proportion of haematopoietic neoplasms that are diagnosed worldwide. Objective: To find out the incidence of four major types of leukemias in central India. Methods: Total 73 cases were selected from in and out patient departments of Gandhi Medical College and associated Hamidia Hospital Bhopal over a period from Oct 2013 to Nov 2014. Diagnosis was based on peripheral blood count, peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination for morphology along with cytochemistry study whenever required. Results: Out of 73 cases on final diagnosis, 23 cases (31.51%) were of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias, 11 cases (15.07%) were of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemias, 35 cases (47.97%) were of Chronic Myeloid Leukemias, 1 case (1.37%) is of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and 3 cases (4.11%) were Undiagnosed which were referred to higher centers. Conclusion: The present study revealed that Chronic leukemia was more common than acute leukemia with Chronic Myeloid Leukemias being the most common type, followed by Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias, Acute Myeloblastic Leukemias and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
Restoration of slash pile burn scars to prevent establishment and propagation of non-native plants

Logging and burning of the resultant woody debris is a management tool to reduce fire risk. Burning of the debris as piles affects the underlying soil biota and soil physical and (or) chemical properties. The resulting disturbance created by the burns may create opportunities for the establishment and spread of non-native plant species. Here, we test three restoration treatments on recent, approximately 1-year-old, pile burn scars, including an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculant (present or absent), a ground cover (straw or no straw added), and different seeding types (native seed mix, agronomic seed mix, and no seed). The most effective treatment in reducing undesired non-native species cover was the seeding of agronomic species; here “native” and “non-native” groups exclude sown agronomic species. Undesired non-native cover was 15.1% in plots with no seed, 9.1% in plots with native seed added, and 3.5% in plots with agronomic seed added. Total vegetation cover, mostly through the increase of .
Reproductive biology of Clethra alnifolia

Breeding efforts in Clethra alnifolia L. , an ornamental shrub native to the Eastern U.S., are hindered by a lack of information on the reproductive behavior of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate self-compatibility, time of stigma receptivity, and the relationship between time of pollen shed and stigma receptivity in C. alnifolia. Stigma receptivity and changes in floral morphology were monitored over a 7-day period beginning at flower opening. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in styles were examined following self- and cross-pollinations using fluorescence microscopy. Seed set and germination were compared following self- and cross-pollinations. Anthers began to dehisce in 'Hummingbird' and 'Ruby Spice' the day after flowers opened, but stigmas did not become fully receptive to pollen until 2 days later. An increase in the length of pistils was observed following flower opening. Maximum elongation of pistils occurred at ap- proximately the same time stigmas became receptive and could be utilized as an indicator of receptivity. While self-pollen tubes appeared to grow slightly slower than cross-pollen tubes, there was no indication of a self-incompatibility system acting at the stigmatic or stylar level in C. alnifolia. Self-pollinations of 'Hummingbird' and 'Ruby Spice' produced fewer seeds than did cross-pollinations of these cultivars. Germination of all seed obtained from this study was too poor to allow a comparison of germination rates of the self- and cross-pollinated seed. However, because a few self-progeny were obtained, emascula- tion is recommended when making controlled pollinations. The presence of a late acting self-incompatibility system or early-acting inbreeding depression was proposed as being responsible for the lower seed set following self-pollination.
Vegetative nitrogen stress decreases lodging risk and increases yield of irrigated spring wheat in the subtropics

Abstract. In-crop nitrogen (N) application is used widely in rainfed winter wheat production to reduce lodging risk; however, uncertainty exists as to its ability to reduce lodging risk in subtropical irrigated wheat production without simultaneously reducing yield potential. The objective of this study was therefore to determine whether in-crop N application reduces lodging risk without reducing yield of irrigated spring wheat in a subtropical environment. Irrigated small-plot experiments were conducted to compare the effect of alternative N timing on lodging and yield in two cultivars. Variable N regimes were imposed during the vegetative growth phase, after which additional N was applied to ensure that total season N application was uniform across N-timing treatments. Treatments with low N at sowing had significantly less lodging and were the highest yielding, exhibiting yield increases of up to 0.8 t ha–1 compared to treatments with high N at sowing. Increased leaf area index, biomass and tiller count at the end of the vegetative growth phase were correlated with increased lodging in both cultivars, although the strength of the correlation varied with cultivar and season. We conclude that canopy-management techniques can be used to simultaneously increase yield and decrease lodging in irrigated spring wheat in the subtropics, but require different implementation from techniques used in temperate regions of Australia.
Dynamic Changes in Starch Metabolism and Endogenous Hormones during Stolon Formation in Tulipa edulis

A BSTRACT . The stolon is the main asexual reproductive organ of the medicinal plant Tulipa edulis and has special morphology. In the greenhouse experiment presented herein, the dynamic changes in carbohydrates and related enzymes, proteins, and endogenous hormones of stolons during T. edulis stolon formation were investigated. The results showed that the content of total soluble sugar, sucrose, reducing sugar, fructose, and starch were all signiﬁcantly enhanced in the middle period when stolon emerged and maintained at relatively high levels until the later period of stolon formation, while protein content decreased during stolon formation. The activities of amylase (AMY), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and sucrose synthase (SS) peaked in the initial period and were negatively correlated with soluble sugars. However, adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activity in- creased as stolon formation progressed, and the changes in soluble starch synthase (SSS), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) activities presented a single peak, reaching their maximums in the middle period. AGPase, SSS, and GBSS activities were all positively related to starch content. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) veriﬁed the changes in SS and SSS activities via the expression levels of the SS , SSSI , and SSSII genes. The gibberellin (GA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) content attained their maximum in the initial period of stolon formation. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) remained at high levels during the initial and middle period and decreased signiﬁcantly during the later period of stolon formation, inversely to the ratio of ABA:IAA. Analysis of the physiological changes in T. edulis stolon indicated that the accumulation of soluble sugars and starch via various enzymes, a high level of IAA and a low ABA to IAA ratio mainly contributed to stolon development of T. edulis . This paper explored carbohydrate levels and endogenous hormones proﬁles during stolon formation, which provided the theory basis for further regulating stolon growth of T. edulis .
Components of the mitochondrial inner membrane. 2. The polypeptide composition of ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase (complex III) from beef heart mitochondria

: The subunit structure of ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase (complex III) has been examined and eight different polypeptides have been identified. Apparent molecular weights for each have been obtained by one or more methods including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium doecyl sulfate and in sodium dodecyl sulfate-8 M urea and by gel filtration in sodium dodecyl sulfate and in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Values obtained are as follows: I, 47 500; II, 45 500; III, 29 500; IV, 27 800; V, 24 800; VI, 13 900; VII, 10 700; VIII, 4 800-9 00. Individual polypeptides have been purified and the amino acid composition of several of these have been determined. At least one polypeptide, the apoprotein of cytochrome b, is hydrophobic in character and this is a mitochondrially synthesized component (B. Lorenz, W. Kleinow, and H. Weiss (1974), Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 355, 300). Other polypeptides including the hemoprotein of cytochrome c1 are more hydrophilic in amino acid composition.
Population Densities of Two Rare Crayfishes, Cambarus obeyensis and Cambarus pristinus, on the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee

Abstract Cambarus obeyensis (Obey Crayfish) and Cambarus pristinus (Pristine Crayfish) are species of conservation concern, but basic information needed by conservation managers is lacking. To provide a quantitative measure of abundance, we conducted a mark—recapture study at six 100-m reaches per species during May–August 2013. These sites were a subset that we selected from eighty-nine 100-m reaches surveyed during 2011–2013. We built regression models to predict crayfish abundance based on single-pass capture rates for the 12 mark—recapture sites and for all occupied sites identified during the 2011–2013 surveys. We also calculated site-level density and capture efficiency for each species. Cambarus pristinus occurred at significantly lower densities across a larger range than C. obeyensis. Capture efficiency for both species varied across sites, suggesting that monitoring programs should incorporate regular, quantitative estimates of density and capture efficiency. Our results indicate that both species merit ongoing conservation attention and that C. pristinus may represent a higher conservation priority than previously recognized.
Multidrug resistant Egyptian isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii

The resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to antimicrobial agents is mediated by all of the major resistance mechanisms, including modification of target sites, enzymatic inactivation and active efflux of drugs. Antibiotic susceptibility testing has been performed on fifty-two A. baumannii isolates. Twenty isolates have been recovered from patients suffering from wound and burn wound infections attending general surgery, plastic surgery and obstetrics and gynecology departments and thirty-two isolates have been recovered from the environment of these departments. Different mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance have been detected among resistant isolates. Broth dilution method have been used to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, iodometric method has been used to detect β-lactamase enzymes and polymerase chain reaction has been used to detect blaoxa-51-like genes, aph (3')-VIa genes and adeB gene. Tetracycline was the most effective antimicrobial agent against A. baumannii. It has showed high resistance to both of amikacin and meropenem (76.9%), cefipime (80.8%) and both of cephradine and imipenem (96.2%). An extreme resistance to the other antimicrobial agents has been shown by the same organism. β-lactamase enzyme has been detected in β-lactam resistant isolates, blaoxa-51-like carbapenemase genes have been detected in carbapenem resistant isolates, aph (3')-VIa genes have been detected in amikacin resistant isolates and adeB gene have been detected in some multidrug resistant strains. So, resistance to β-lactams, carbapenems and amikacin has been high in A. baumannii isolates which has caused appearance of multidrug resistant isolates with different resistance mechanisms like blaoxa-51-like genes, aph (3')-VIa genes and adeB gene. (Shabaan Hashem Ahmed; Sayed Fekry Abdelwahab; Ayman Mohammed Hasanen; Doaa Safwat Mohammed. Multidrug resistant Egyptian isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Journal of American Science 2011; 7(1):1013-1019). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.
Development of Methods for Screening Grapevines for Resistance to Infection by Downy Mildew. I. Dual Culturein vitro

The responses of grapevine varieties and hybrids, with a range of field disease resistance, to infection by downy mildew ( Plasmopara viticola ) were studied in vitro . Dual cultures of host and pathogen were established for Chambourcin, JS 23-416, Verdelet, Muscat St. Vallier, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Sultana by inoculating sterile rooted shoot cultures with a contaminant-free fungal spore isolate. It was demonstrated that resistance to downy mildew was expressed in vitro , and a scale of infection, based on foliar symptom development 10 days after inoculation, was described to rank the varieties. It can be summarized as I - discrete necrotic spots; II - extensive necrotic lesions; or III - extensive sporulation. The order of ranking of the varieties correlated with field and glasshouse assessments, although due to the high efficiency of in vitro inoculation and infection, symptom expression was more severe than in the field. These results were verified using full siblings of JS 23-416 x Sultana and Chambourcin x (Merlot x Sultana) differing in resistance to downy mildew. This report demonstrates that the dual culture technique can be used as a reproducible screening procedure, independent of season, to select for host resistance to an obligate parasite.
COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE RUMINAL VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS AND BLOOD GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN HOLSTEIN COWS

Two experiments were conducted to examine the ruminal Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) and blood glucose metabolism in Holstein dairy cows. In the first experiment, Holstein heifers were used to examine the potential of C-VFA to quantify ruminal VFA metabolism in the rumen of dairy cattle under ruminal steady state conditions. Labeled VFA (Na-1-C-acetate (Ac), -propionate (Pr), or –butyrate (Bu) were infused at employing the single infusion technique (infusion at t) into the rumen of four rumen cannulated Holstein heifers fed either a low (25%) or a high (70%) concentrate diet. To insure steady state conditions, heifers were gradually adjusted from two equal sized meals daily to 12 meals the day before and the day of the experiment. Tracer was administered by dispersing a bolus dose into the rumen over a 1-min period followed by thorough mixing of rumen contents by hand. Between 30 min and 8 h after tracer administration, 26 individual well mixed ruminal fluid samples were used to determine tracer/tracee+tracer ratios (TTR) by GLC-mass spectrometry. Natural log plots of C dilution and disappearance from the three acids were all linear showing that each individual acid acted as a single pool in the rumen. Neither Pr nor Bu showed significant transfer of C to each other. Kinetic curves for %TTR of Ac and Pr during the labeled Ac infusion showed a small trace of C transferred from Ac to Pr resulting in a contribution of Ac into Pr of 6.8% and 5.5% for the low and high concentrate diets, respectively. The transfer of C from Ac to Pr is likely the result of CO2 fixation. Incorporation of Ac into Bu occurred at the rate of 2.87 mol/d and 3.54 mol/d accounting for 28% and 38% of the total Bu production in the low and high concentrate diets, respectively. There was a negligible amount of Bu converted to Ac in the rumen regardless of the diet fed to the heifers. A portion of the valerate clearly came from C-Ac. The results of this study demonstrate that the production rates of Pr and either Ac or Bu can be measured simultaneously. These results show that 1) steady state production rates and interconversions of VFAs in the rumen can be accurately determined by using C tracers and 2) two acids e.g. Ac and Pr or Bu and Pr can be determined concurrently.
Changes in the Anthocyanins, Flavonoids and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Esters during Fermentation and Aging of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure changes in the hydroxycinnamic acid-tartaric acid esters, anthocyanins, catechins and other 280-nm absorbing compounds during the vinification and aging of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. The caffeoyl and p-coumaroyl tartrate ester concentrations decreased markedly during fermentation with only minor losses during aging. Anthocyanin concentration increased to a maximum by the third day and decreased thereafter such that by 240 days less than 10% of the original amount remained. Catechin contents of both varieties were similar, reaching a maximum by the fourth day and decreasing slowly with age. The epicatechin content of Merlot was significantly greater than with Cabernet Sauvignon. It also decreased during aging. However, the total catechin loss was only about ¼ that of the loss of anthocyanins. A large number of compounds absorbing at 280 nm were separated by HPLC and their changes followed during aging. Some are undoubtedly flavonols, but have not yet been identified.
Checklist of the Crustacea from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

The list of Crustacean species from the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, comprises 518 valid species, distributed in 17 orders and 152 families. This amount corresponds to 0.75% of the Crustacea worldwide and about 20% of Brazilian species. The order Decapoda is the most represented, with 280 species. The families of Decapoda with the greatest number of species recorded were: Aeglidae (19), Palaemonidae (13) and Portunidae (13). In addition, the occurrence of 19 species distributed in the orders Cyclopoida (1), Podocopida (2) and Decapoda (16) is reported for the first time. Exotic species (9) are distributed in four different orders - Isopoda (6), Calanoida (1), Thoracica (1) and Decapoda (1).
Modulatory Effects of Ricinus Communis Leaf Extract on Cadmium Chloride-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Pancytopenia in Rats

Cadmium (Cd) and its compounds are ubiquitous environmental toxins capable of inducing different types of toxicity in animals and human. Ricinus communis (castor bean) is a known medicinal plant with enormous health benefits. This study investigated the protective effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Ricinus communis on hyperlipidemia and pancytopenia induced by cadmium chloride in Wistar albino rats. Twenty five (25) adult male rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group A received distilled water, group B, C, D and E were administered 5mg/kg body weight CdCl2, group C, D and E were treated with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw respectively of Ricinus communis leaf extract for 14 days while rats in group B were left untreated. Results obtained showed that administration of cadmium caused significant reduction in cellular elements of the blood (pancytopenia) as well as increase in the level of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk ratio while it decrease the level of HDL-cholesterol. Treatment of rats with graded dose of Ricinus communis leaf extract significantly ameliorate the adverse effects of cadmium as it boosted cellular elements of the blood while it also reduced serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, coronary heart disease risk ratio as well as elevation of HDL-cholesterol level in the blood. We conclude that leaf extract of Ricinus communis has modulatory effects on cadmium induced pancytopenia and hyperlipidemia in rats.
Effects of tillage on bulk density and soil moisture content in wheat-fallow rotation under dry conditions

In the arid and semi arid region of Iran, conventional tillage is mainly used(Moldboard plowing followed by two disc harrowing) for wheat production. Such a tillage system requires a high energy input and may also cause water loss and long-term soil physical degradation. This field study was conducted under dry conditions to determine whether or not the reduced tillage systems altered the bulk density and soil moisture content. Thus, five tillage treatments (T1-moldboard plow + disc harrow as the conventional method, T2- chisel plow + disc harrow, T3- moldboard plow without inversion page + disk harrow, T4- power harrow, and T5- sweep plow + disk harrow) were studied during the three year period (2004 to 2007) in soils with silty clay loam texture. Soil moisture in four depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm) was measured at the flowering and grain filling stages. Generally, the lowest soil bulk density was obtained by T1 treatment. There were significant differences among tillage methods for soil moisture at the flowering stage (P < 0.05) and T1 treatment had the highest value. There were no significant differences among soil tillage methods for soil moisture at the grain filling stage. Overall, chisel plow + disc harrow treatment was recognized as the best tillage method due to the remains of stored soils at the grain filling stage. Key words: Bulk density, dry conditions, soil moisture, tillage.