Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental determinants of genetic diversity in Caragana microphylla (Fabaceae) in northern China

The sand-fixing shrub Caragana microphylla (Fabaceae) is extensively used for vegetation restoration in areas of northern China undergoing desertification. Although the understanding of its genetic variation and related determinants is an important component of plant conservation and ecological restoration in the face of a changing global environment, the relationship between genetic diversity in C. microphylla and climatic factors is unknown. In this study, we assessed population genetic variation in C. microphylla along temperature and humidity gradients in northern China using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. In general, high levels of genetic diversity were uncovered in the 13 populations studied. The number of polymorphic loci ranged from 14 to 63 and polymorphism percentages ranged from 8.75 to 39.38%. Observed and effective allele numbers were 1.09–1.40 and 1.06–1.30, respectively. Nei's genetic diversity index (h) was calculated as 0.0340–0.1663 and Shannon's diversity index (I) was 0.0502–0.2403. At the species level, h and I were 0.2579 and 0.3965, respectively. Populations from low hydrothermal level areas, experiencing severe desertification and habitat fragmentation, exhibited the greatest genetic diversity. Genetic diversity in C. microphylla was positively correlated with annual temperature range, cold index, mean annual rainfall and hydrothermal synthesis index, whereas a negative association was found with mean annual temperature. Using redundancy analysis, we found that mean annual rainfall and cold index explained 87.8% of observed genetic variation, suggesting that genetic diversity in C. microphylla depends primarily on these two factors. Our data are relevant to the restoration and management of degraded ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions.
The big business of school meals

Big corporations and food service companies are making millions of dollars from public school meal programs, often to the detriment of students’ health. Jennifer Gaddis explains how government policies and funding shortfalls have affected what is served is school cafeterias. Common cost-cutting measures include serving cheap and easy-to-prepare meals, selling junk food to raise revenues, or bringing in outside companies to manage cafeterias. Parents and community groups have pushed back, trying to bring scratch cooking and nutritious food back into their cafeterias.
A review of the anthiine fish genus Plectranthias (Perciformes: Serranidae) of the Western Indian Ocean, with description of a new species, and a key to the species

Nineteen species of the serranid fish genus Pseudanthias Bleeker are recognized in the western Indian Ocean (including the Red Sea and Persian Gulf ): Pseudanthias bicolor, P. bimaculatus, P. bimarginatus, P. connelli, P. conspicuus, P. cooperi, P. evansi, P. gibbosus, P. heemstrai, P. hypselosoma, P. ignitus, P. lunulatus, P. marcia, P. pulcherrimus, P. squamipinnis, P. taeniatus, P. townsendi, P. unimarginatus and Pseudanthias pillai sp. nov. is described from the south-west coast of India. Pseudanthias gibbosus (Klunzinger) is resurrected from the synonymy of P. squamipinnis and is shown to have a precocious male morph. Discovery of three colour morphs for P. gibbosus is an example of the complicated reproductive systems of these species. Diagnoses, distributions, illustrations and a key to all the species of Pseudanthias in the western Indian Ocean are given.
A molecular phylogeny of the pantropical papilionoid legume Aeschynomene supports reinstating the ecologically and morphologically coherent genus Ctenodon

The pantropical and morphologically diverse genus Aeschynomene (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) comprises ca. 180 species, but its monophyly has never been comprehensively addressed in a molecular phylogenetic context of the dalbergioid clade. Here we have assembled the most complete DNA sequence data (nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.8S and the plastid genes trnL intron and protein-coding matK), representatively sampled both in Aeschynomene and the closely related Dalbergia and Machaerium, as well all currently accepted genera from the dalbergioids. The Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses unequivocally confirm the non-monophyly of Aeschynomene. The pantropically distributed Aeschynomene sect. Aeschynomene, often inhabiting riparian and wetland habitats, is paraphyletic with respect to the mostly African genera Bryaspis, Cyclocarpa, Geissaspis, Humularia, Kotschya, and Smithia, as well as the South American monotypic genus Soemmeringia. The strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade comprising the American species traditionally classified within Aeschynomene sect. Ochopodium, with a greater ecological predilection for neotropical fire-prone savannas and the seasonally dry tropical forests and woodlands, is here elevated to generic rank. As such, this lineage is re-established as the previously monotypic genus Ctenodon. A complete description of Ctenodon and 78 new combinations for the American species and associated infraspecific taxa are provided, as well as 24 lectotypifications.
Lower bounds for external memory integer sorting via network coding

Sorting extremely large datasets is a frequently occurring task in practice. These datasets are usually much larger than the computer's main memory; thus, external memory sorting algorithms, first introduced by Aggarwal and Vitter, are often used. The complexity of comparison-based external memory sorting has been understood for decades by now; however, the situation remains elusive if we assume the keys to be sorted are integers. In internal memory, one can sort a set of n integer keys of Θ(lg n) bits each in O(n) time using the classic Radix Sort algorithm; however, in external memory, there are no faster integer sorting algorithms known than the simple comparison-based ones. Whether such algorithms exist has remained a central open problem in external memory algorithms for more than three decades. In this paper, we present a tight conditional lower bound on the complexity of external memory sorting of integers. Our lower bound is based on a famous conjecture in network coding by Li and Li, who conjectured that network coding cannot help anything beyond the standard multicommodity flow rate in undirected graphs. The only previous work connecting the Li and Li conjecture to lower bounds for algorithms is due to Adler et al. Adler et al. indeed obtain relatively simple lower bounds for oblivious algorithms (the memory access pattern is fixed and independent of the input data). Unfortunately, obliviousness is a strong limitation, especially for integer sorting: we show that the Li and Li conjecture implies an Ω(n lg n) lower bound for internal memory oblivious sorting when the keys are Θ(lg n) bits. This is in sharp contrast to the classic (nonoblivious) Radix Sort algorithm. Indeed, going beyond obliviousness is highly nontrivial; we need to introduce several new methods and involved techniques, which are of their own interest, to obtain our tight lower bound for external memory integer sorting.
The Influence of Fallback Foods on Skull Morphology in the Family Hominidae

Fallback foods are defined as resources of relatively poor nutritional quality that become particularly important dietary components in times where preferred foods are unavailable. Consumption of these foods is correlated with times of great stress and mortality within a species, indicating their potential to act as a selective pressure on the feeding adaptations of organisms. The focus of this study was on the individual adaptations that have evolved in the family Hominidae (the Great Apes) as a response to the fallback foods particular to each species. Three members of Hominidae were selected for examination; Pongo pygmaeus (the Bornean Orangutan), Pan troglodytes (the Common Chimpanzee), and Gorilla gorilla (the Lowland Gorilla) based on the significant variation between their known fallback food selections. P. pygmaeus is known for consumption of unripe fruits, seeds, and barks, G. gorilla is notorious for consumption of low quality terrestrial herbaceous vegetation (THV), bark and woody pith, and P. troglodytes frequently expand their territory in search of preferred foods, rather than defaulting to lower quality food sources. Sample images of each organism were obtained from the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, IL). Measurements were then made of several relevant cranial-morphological indices using the image analysis software ImageJ. Mean values, standard deviation, and
Over-and Under-Experimentation in a Patent Race with Private Learning

This paper analyses a two-player game with two-armed exponential bandits. A player experiences publicly observable arrivals by pulling the safe arm. On the other hand, a player operating a good risky arm experiences publicly observable arrivals at an intensity greater than that in the safe arm. In addition, a player pulling the risky arm can also privately learn about its quality. With direct payoff externalities and private learning, we construct a symmetric Markov equilibrium where, depending on the initial optimism about the quality of the risky arm, we can have either too much or too little experimentation. JEL Classification Numbers:C73, D83, O31.
Subgenual activation and the finger of blame: individual differences and depression vulnerability

Abstract Background Subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC) responses to self-blaming emotion-evoking stimuli were previously found in individuals prone to self-blame with and without a history of major depressive disorder (MDD). This suggested SCC activation reflects self-blaming emotions such as guilt, which are central to models of MDD vulnerability. Method Here, we re-examined these hypotheses in an independent larger sample. A total of 109 medication-free participants (70 with remitted MDD and 39 healthy controls) underwent fMRI whilst judging self- and other-blaming emotion-evoking statements. They also completed validated questionnaires of proneness to self-blaming emotions including those related to internal (autonomy) and external (sociotropy) evaluation, which were subjected to factor analysis. Results An interaction between group (remitted MDD v. Control) and condition (self- v. other-blame) was observed in the right SCC (BA24). This was due to higher SCC signal for self-blame in remitted MDD and higher other-blame-selective activation in Control participants. Across the whole sample, extracted SCC activation cluster averages for self- v. other-blame were predicted by a regression model which included the reliable components derived from our factor analysis of measures of proneness to self-blaming emotions. Interestingly, this prediction was solely driven by autonomy/self-criticism, and adaptive guilt factors, with no effect of sociotropy/dependency. Conclusions Despite confirming the prediction of SCC activation in self-blame-prone individuals and those vulnerable to MDD, our results suggest that SCC activation reflects blame irrespective of where it is directed rather than selective for self. We speculate that self-critical individuals have more extended SCC representations for blame in the context of self-agency.
Modification of colorimetric method based digital soil test kit for determination of macronutrients in oil palm plantation

It is the need of time that oil palm farmers must perform the spatially planned soil analysis to know about the fertilizer sufficient and deficient zones of land. Colorimetric method is a suitable and fast solution of soil analysis for NPK determination using the digital soil test kit. NPK determination procedure with a digital soil test kit was undefined for oil palm. Furthermore, the digital soil test kit determines the passage of light through an opaque medium of soil solution with a specified reagent. Therefore, environmental light may interfere leading to wrong results of NPK measurement. Likewise, this equipment was non-incorporable with the controller of any VRT fertilizer applicator. In this research, these issues were addressed and the NPK measurement procedure was defined for oil palm plantation by modifying the ‘soil to water’ ratio in sample soil solution with an optimum environmental light range of 18-23 W/m2. ‘Soil to water’ ratios were found for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as 0.31 to 5.00, 1.00 to 5.00 and 4.50 to 5.00, respectively to fit the requirement of NPK for oil palm in the prescribed range of the equipment. Validation study of modified digital soil test kit showed that 91.7% N, 89.6% P and 93.8% K results of modified digital soil test kit were matched with analytical laboratory method. Thus, the reliability of NPK results using digital soil test kit was enhanced, making the kit incorporable with the controller of variable rate fertilizer applicator through remote monitoring based data acquisition system. The outcome of this research can be used in the development of an IoT network data fusion for dynamic assessment of the NPK variation in the soil and nutrient management in oil palm plantations. Keywords: digital soil test kit, variable rate fertilizer applicator, oil palm, NPK measurement, data acquisition system, colorimetric method DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe. 20201304.5694 Citation: Yamin M, Ismail W I W, Kassim M S M, Aziz S B A, Akbar F N, Shamshiri R R, et al. Modification of colorimetric method based digital soil test kit for determination of macronutrients in oil palm plantation. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(4): 188–197.
The investigation of the relationship between handball players’ levels of leisure boredom and happiness

The purpose of this research is to examine relationship between handball players’ levels of leisure boredom and happiness according to some demographic variables. 193 (114 male and 79 female) student players composed of participated in the 2nd league interuniversity handball competitions. In the research, “Personal Information Form” prepared by researchers, developed by Iso-Ahola and Weissinger (1990) and Turkish adaptation was made by Kara et al. (2014) “Leisure Boredom Scale: LBS” and developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) and Turkish adaptation was made by Dogan and Akinci-Cotok (2011) “The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire short form” were used. Descriptive statistics, t-Test, and Pearson Correlation tests were used to analyze the data. In the findings of the research; there was a significant difference in the t-test results according to the “gender” variable in the LBS satisfaction and boredom sub-dimensions (p ˂ 0.05) and this difference is in favor of male participant group in the satisfaction sub-dimension, female participant group in the boredom sub-dimension. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship according to “age and handball playing year” variables in the correlation test results (p > 0.05). In another finding, there was a significant positive and low level relationship between the “income” variable with the OHQ scores and in the LBS “satisfaction” sub-dimension (p ˂ 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant positive and low level relationship between the “weekly free time” variable with in the LBS “boredom” subdimension (p ˂ 0.05). Finally, there was no significant relationship between the participants’ mean scores of LBS and OHQ (p > 0.05). As a result, although there was no significant relationship between the leisure boredom and happiness levels of the participants, some demographic variables were found to be related to the participants' leisure boredom and happiness levels.
Cytokines and Myometrial Signalling in Human Labour

14 SPS Is supported by running costs from Borne, a sub-charity of CW+. 15 NI Is funded by grants from the MRC (Grant number G0501957), Westminster Medical 16 School Research Trust and St Stephen's AIDS Trust. 17 MJ Is funded by grants from Action Medical Research and Borne, a sub-charity of CW+. 18 In addition, this work is supported by the Imperial NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. 19 20 All authors were involved in drafting and editing the manuscript. 21 22
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum in a 13-year-old child - a case report

Although colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second most common primary gastrointestinal system malignancies in children after liver tumors, it is extremely rare in pediatric age. Due to the lack of awareness of the disease, diagnosis is usually delayed till it is in advanced stage, leading to a poor prognosis as compared to adults. We present a case of CRC in a 13-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and unintentional weight loss. Clinical examination and imaging did not reveal a clear pathology. On exploration, a marked circumferential thickening of the wall of the sigmoid colon and the rectum was noted. Biopsies proved to be a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid, infiltrating the wall till subserosal fat.
Torsional Resistance of Two New Heat Treated Nickel Titanium Rotary Instruments: An in Vitro Evaluation

Objective: To evaluate the difference in torsional resistance, angular deflection and fragment length between two new rotary instruments: AF Blue S4 and S-One. These files share all features except cross-sectional design. Material and Methods: A total of 40 new Nickel-Titanium instruments of 25 mm in length were tested in this study and divided in two groups: 20 AF Blue S4, tip 25 and constant 6% taper and 20 AF-Blue S4 tip 25 and constant 6% taper. The torsional test was performed by the use of a torque recording endodontic motor (KaVo, Biberac, Germany). Torque to Fracture (TtF), Angular Deflection (AD) and Fragment Length (FL) was recorded for each instrument. To ensure an immovable block at 3mm of the instrument tip, an auto-polymerizing resin (DuraLay; Reliance Dental Mfg Co, Worth, IL) was used. Each file was rotated clockwise at a speed of 300 rpm until fracture occurred . Results: Group A (AF Blue S4) showed higher TtF and AD than Group B (S-One), and statistical analysis found significant differences between the two instruments (p 0.05) between the two instruments . Conclusion: The AF Blue S4 seems to have a higher resistance to torsional stress in vitro. Clinically, the use of AF Blue S4 could be safer in narrow canals.
Clinical characteristics in STEMI-like aortic dissection versus STEMI-like pulmonary embolism

Methods: Reports were culled from a literature search covering the period January 2000 to March 2020 using Googlescholar, Pubmed, EMBASE and MEDLINE. Reports were included only if there was a specifi cation of the location of ST segment elevation and an account of the clinical signs and symptoms. Search terms were “ST segment elevation”,”aortic dissection”, “pulmonary embolism”, “myocardial infarction”, and “paradoxical embolism”. Fisher’s exact test was utilised for two-sided comparison of proportions. Proportion was calculated for each group as the number of patients with that parameter relative to the total number of patients assessed for that parameter.
Black Stain of Western Red Cedar ( Thuja Plicata Donn) By Aureobasidium Pullulans: The Role of Weathering

Western red cedar ( Thuja plicata Donn) is valued for its natural durability conferred by fungicidal extractive chemicals. However, weathered surfaces of T. plicata products are susceptible to black stain caused by fungi such as Aureobasidium pullulans. The effect of weathering on extractive concentrations at the wood surface was characterized and correlated with the ability of this fungal species to colonize weathered surfaces. UV plus water spray treatments substantially reduced extractives but did not promote fungal colonization. In contrast, UV-only treatments reduced extractive contents less than the other treatments but stimulated fungal colonization. A. pullulans exhibited high tolerance to the tropolone β-thujaplicin in vitro; thus loss in tropolone content may not be required for colonization. Water spray most likely washed away products of lignin photo-degradation, which resulted in decreased fungal colonization.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PHYSICAL FRACTIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN OXISOLS UNDER INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

The main cause of decreased soil fertility and soil organic matter content is intensive crop farming with inadequate management. This study aimed to evaluate soil chemical properties, total organic carbon content, physical granulometric fractions (particulate organic carbon and mineral-associated organic carbon), carbon stocks, and carbon management indices of oxisols in different integrated agricultural production systems (IAPSs) with reference to values in a haymaking area and native forest. The experiments were performed using completely randomized design, considering nine differently managed areas, including seven IAPSs and two reference areas (haymaking area and native forest); four soil samples from the 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m layers were randomly collected from each area and the abovementioned variables were evaluated. The results showed no differences in variables between the managed and reference areas, indicating the maintenance of fertility and carbon fractions. Therefore, the tested management strategies promote beneficial modifications of soil properties. Producers should adopt different IAPS management strategies for soil preservation.
On the Potential of Grammar Features for Automated Author Proﬁling

—The automatic classiﬁcation of data has become a major research topic in the last years, and especially the analysis of text has gained interest due to the availability of huge amounts of online documents. In this paper, a novel style feature based on grammar syntax analysis is presented that can be used to automatically proﬁle authors, i.e., to predict gender and age of the originator. Using full grammar trees of the sentences of a document, substructures of the trees are extracted by utilizing pq-grams. The mostly used patterns are then stored in a proﬁle and serve as input features for common machine learning algorithms. An extensive evaluation using a state-of-the-art test set containing several thousand English web blogs investigates on the optimal parameter and classiﬁer conﬁguration. Promising results indicate that the proposed feature can be used as a standalone, signiﬁcant characteristic to automatically predict the gender and age of authors. Finally, further evaluations incorporating other commonly used word-based features like the number of stop words, the type-token-ratio or different readability indices strengthen the high potential of grammar analysis for automated author proﬁling.