Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Being a real nurse : nurses' accounts of learning and working in practice

There has been much written regarding nurse education and the socialisation of student nurses in clinical areas in the past (Olesen & Whittaker 1968, Orton, 1981, Melia, 1987, 1997, Ogier, 1989, Castledine, 1995, Bradshaw 2001, Spouse, 2003). The originality of this thesis lies in the discussions and exploration of the concept of Problem Based Learning (PBL) as a teaching and learning strategy and the implementation of the Making a Difference (DoH, 1999a) recommendations in a nursing curriculum. It investigates whether or not these have indeed made a difference to the ability of the students to socialise into their clinical roles and effectively meet their ultimate aim of becoming a ‘real nurse’. The thesis is split into five chapters and employs qualitative research methods to present an ethnographic case study of the experiences of student nurses in clinical placement areas regarding the process of becoming effective student nurses who ultimately develop their knowledge and skills base to become ‘real nurses’. The sample consisted of fifteen (15) students, fifteen (15) student mentors, eight (8) ward managers, one (1) practice development coordinator and one (1) senior nurse responsible for clinical development. Interviewing and observation techniques were used to obtain the data. PBL as a teaching and learning strategy is investigated and discussed, in relation to the students’ ability to develop critical problem solving skills that can be incorporated into their student roles. The disadvantages of PBL are also debated and issues highlighted that may cast doubt that this strategy and the Making a Difference curriculum has actually changed attitudes in the clinical areas towards the capabilities of the student nurse role. Eight major themes arose from the data analysis; learning to be a student, fitting into the clinical team, being professional, being a real nurse, the role of the practice development co-ordinator, effective mentors, developing clinical skills and reflecting in practice. Integral to these were the concepts of professionalism, power, inequalities and culture that were identified as significant underlying issues for the students to recognize when performing and developing into their clinical roles. The data suggest that the new curriculum and PBL have offered some solutions to help overcome the perceived boundaries of professionalism, power, inequalities and culture but by no means provides all the answers. Overall the study has highlighted the importance of clinical skills development and effective delivery of them by students in learning to become a ‘real nurse’. Through their experiences the students have learnt how to overcome boundaries and to fit in with the culture of clinical areas thereby enabling them to learn the role of the student nurse. Furthermore, the newly developed roles of the practice development co-ordinator and established mentor roles are perceived to be invaluable sources of support for the students while in clinical placement areas
Prevalence and risk factors of lens opacities in the elderly in Cuenca, Spain.

PURPOSE. To estimate the prevalence of lens opacities in a group of elderly people and evaluate their relation with diverse risk factors. METHODS. Cross-sectional observational study of the cohort of all persons over the age of 64 years from an urban area and a rural nucleus of the province of Cuenca, Spain. Information on sociodemographic parameters and smoking was compiled using a structured questionnaire. A physical examination was made in which weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and an ophthalmologic examination was made of visual acuity and lens opacities. Cataracts were classified using the method of the WHO cataract group. RESULTS. The study included 1155 subjects out of 1435 elderly persons who were invited to participate (response rate 80.5%). The prevalence of cataract in men was 69.2% and in women, 65.5% (p>0.05). The percentage of persons with aphakia/pseudophakia was 17.8% in men and 17.5% in women (p>0.05). In a logistic regression model, age, obesity of more than 35 kg/m 2 , and low educational level were associated with the presence of cataract or aphakia/pseudophakia. CONCLUSIONS. The prevalence of cataract in people over 64 years is similar to that of other countries, but the prevalence of subjects with previous surgery for cataracts is the highest reported in the literature. Age, body mass index of more than 35 kg/m 2 , and low educational level were associated with the probability of having cataracts or undergoing surgery for cataracts.
Multi-resolution auditory scene analysis for speech perception : experimental evidence and a model.

1 Acknowledgements . 2 1 Auditory scene analysis and other models of speech perception . 3 1.
Taekwondo Competition Injuries in Iranian Premier League: A Prospective Study

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the rate of injuries relative to total number of injuries, type, body location, mechanism, season periods and their daytime in Iranians men premier league in 2011-2012. Methods: For this prospective study, 197 athletes with the mean age and body mass of 23.2 year-old and 70.52 kg respectively were studied for injuries incurred. Injuries were recorded on injury record form to document any injury encountered and treated by the health care providers. Descriptive statistic was used to analysis the data. Analysis was done by SPSS Software (Version 14). Results: The injury incidence was 19.09 per 1000 athlete exposure. In addition, the most common injury was contusion (6.94/1000 AE) followed by strain (3.47/1000 AE). The upper extremity (36.4%) was the most injured region followed by lower extremity, head & neck injury (27.3%). Additionally, most of injuries occurred in early season (45.5%) followed by late season (36.4%). Conclusion: Consequently, the injury incidence in Iranian male Taekwondo athletes was lower than those found in previous studies. It may be due to the new equipments such as electronic Hugo, specific gloves and socks which were introduced in recent years. Furthermore, upper extremity should be in priority of preventive measures.
Outcome after mitral valve replacement in patients with rheumatic mitral valve regurgitation and severe pulmonary hypertension

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the early outcome after elective mitral valve replacement (MVR) in patients with rheumatic mitral valve regurgitation and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Patients and methods The study included patients with baseline systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) of at least 40 mmHg who underwent elective MVR for rheumatic mitral valve regurgitation. The systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic changes and arterial blood gas parameters were reported at baseline, after intubation, after bypass, 30 min after extubation, and 24 and 48 h postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative transthoracic echocardiography was performed. Results Thirty patients (11 men and 19 women), median age 31 years (range: 16-52), were included in the study. The operative mortality rate was 10%. The receiver operating characteristic curves identified sPAP as a good predictor of operative mortality. Postoperatively, there was a significant reduction in left atrial diameter and right ventricular systolic pressure in survivors. The median sPAP and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased significantly after bypass and persisted throughout the study period. Central venous pressure decreased after cardiopulmonary bypass time and remained so for 48 h postoperatively. After intubation, on intermittent positive-pressure ventilation and FiO 2 of 1.0, there was a significant improvement in PaO 2 and SaO 2 . pH and HCO3 - concentration increased significantly postoperatively. Conclusion Proper perioperative care and anesthetic techniques resulted in improved left atrial diameter, right ventricular systolic pressure, sPAP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and oxygenation with reduced operative mortality in patients who underwent MVR for mitral valve regurgitation with severe pulmonary hypertension.
The Effects of Cold Water Gargling on Thirst, Oral Cavity Condition, and Sore Throat in Orthopedics Surgery Patients*

Purpose: A purpose of this study was to identify the effects of cold water gargling on thirst, oral cavity condition and sore throat in orthopedics surgery patients who underwent general anesthesia. Methods: Pretest-posttest non-synchronized design with a nonequivalent control group was used. A total of 52 participants were conveniently selected and assigned to each group. The experimental group gargled hourly with cold water for 8 hours after operation. The control group received wet gauze as needed. We compared the thirst, oral cavity condition and sore throat at 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours after operation. Results: The score of thirst and oral cavity condition was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. However, there was no significant differences in the levels of sore throat between the experimental and control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cold water gargling can be a useful nursing intervention for alleviating thirst and improving oral condition for patients with orthopedic surgery after general anesthesia.
Constraints faced by Working and Non-working Women in their Families

The main objective of this study is to examine constraints faced by working and non- working women in their families. The study also analyzed the difference between working and non- working women's challenges in their families. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in this study.The results showed that most of working mothers encountered a number of difficulties in balancing between family and job responsibility. They are facing constraints related to personal affairs and family management compared to non-working mothers. These results show that working mothers have limited social contact as they are mostly busy with their heavy work schedule. On the other, non-working mothers have enough time to make visits to their friends and relatives frequently. However, majority of the working mothers (37.1& 38.6% agree and strongly) are facing extreme difficulties when their children fall in sick whereas a small number of non-working mothers (12.9 & 3.4% strongly agree & agree) are facing similar constraints. In Malaysia, women participation in labor force is increasing which is highly important for countries' economic and social development as women labor force participations are contributing to rapid economic growth. Given the importance and demands of women work, the study suggests the implication of family friendly policy and its practice to support women involvement in the employment. The study also found that working women' constraints depend on the nature and type of employment they are involved. Women who are involved in part-time or short working hours are facing fewer constraints in their families. The present study, therefore, suggests to policy makers to employ the policy of reducing working hours for the women so that it may reduce working women's constraints that they face in their families.
Feasibility of Commercially Available, Fully Automated Hepatic CT Volumetry for Assessing Both Total and Territorial Liver Volumes in Liver Transplantation.

Since its first clinical success in 1990 (1), living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been performed increasingly and gradually accepted as a treatment of end stage liver disease (2). Multivariate analysis identified several parameters such as graft size, degree of fatty change, donor age, and length of cold ischemic time as significant risk factors affecting graft survival (3). Among these parameters, graft size is one of the major concerns. It should be adequately decided to ensure sufficient liver function for both recipient and donor. In recipients, graft size more than 0.8-1% of the recipient’s body weight is required Original Article
Complexidade do regime terapêutico prescrito para idosos

OBJECTIVE: To examine factors associated with therapeutic regimen complexity of drug prescriptions for elderly people in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: A household survey of elderly people selected by simple random sampling from Brazil's social security register. The medication complexity index (MCI), a direct measurement of actions required to administer medication, was derived from information in the latest prescription. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the MCI. RESULTS: Of the 667 interviewees, 56.5% had prescriptions meeting the inclusion criteria; most (69.2%) were females aged 72.4 years (mean); 35.5% self-rated their health good or very good; and 37.4% reported five or more diseases. In the 15 days prior to interview, 1873 drugs were used (mean=5.1), of which 942 appeared on the prescriptions examined (mean=2.5). Over the same period, 22.3% of interviewees failed to use some prescribed drug. The MCI ranged from 1 to 24 (mean=6.1). Number of drugs prescribed (>2), less schooling, worse perception of health and a lower benefit payment associated positively with greater complexity (p<0.05). An association was observed between regimen complexity and failure to use some drug in the preceding 15 days (p=0.034). CONCLUSION: Elderly people in worse socio-economic and health conditions seem more likely to receive more complex therapeutic regimens, which are associated with non-compliance to the proposed treatment. This is an important consideration in the healthcare of elderly. Simplification of therapy could aid self-care among the elderly.
The Promotora Program in Candelaria: a Colombian attempt to control malnutrition and disease 1968-74.

In 1968 a new health program was initiated in Candelaria Colombia. Volunteer health workers -- young women between the ages of 16 and 21 -- visited all families with children younger than age 6 every 2 months. The 10 volunteers provided education on nutrition hygiene and utilization of health services and they referred sick children to a Health Service Unit. Pregnant and lactating mothers were also instructed in pre- and post-natal care. The major objective of the program was to prevent disease and to reach children before any illnesses progressed to a point requiring extensive and expensive medical care. By using the volunteers to identify those children needing further treatment the time of the highly skilled health care personnel could be reserved for tasks appropriate to their skills. It is concluded that the Promotora program as conducted in Candelaria was successful in reducing child malnourishment for several reasons. The malnourishment rate dropped in the entire child population from about 29% in 1968 to 21% in 1974; and the incidence of diarrhea was reduced significantly. Also during the Promotora program the use of birth control more than doubled. Families using some form of contraception increased from 18.7% in 1968 to 43.6% in 1974. It is reasonable to presume that as family planning increases there will be further positive effects upon the child malnourishment rate.
Review on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Occupational Hazards and Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Elderly: A Guide for General Physicians Working in the Health Network Setting, Khuzestan, Iran

Elderly, due to immunosuppression caused by predisposing factors such as age, drugs, underlying diseases or malnutrition, is a risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Aged patients with PTB because of difficulty in diagnosis remain undiagnosed and acts as a source of infection in occupational space of health service units. General physicians (GP) as health care workers (HCW) are concerned about PTB in elderly both as an important public health problem and as an occupational hazard. A systematic review of the literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis in elderly from 1991 to 2012 using computerized bibliographic databases which includes PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Google scholar and Iran Medex was carried out to increase understanding of tuberculosis in aged patients attending the health care units. Information obtained from previous studies on PTB has yielded better knowledge about this life threatening illness. This information enables GPs and HCWs to provide improved health services including early diagnosis and treatment of PTB in aged patients as well as prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HCWs at health care units.
Off-grid gasoline-powered generators: pollutants’ footprints and health risk assessment in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Sub-Sahara Africa is renowned for poor electricity supply with Nigeria’s case being critical. Generator sets, which have been adopted as an alternative and reliable source of power in Nigeria, are linked to emission footprints detrimental to the environment and human health. The dearth of literature in open domain on the concentrations of pollutants and potential health risk related to the use of gasoline-fueled generators prompted this study. Concentrations of CO2, CO and particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted from selected randomly 174 gasoline-powered household generators were measured. Standard instruments were employed to measure these concentrations at 0.3–0.5 m from the exhaust pipe for 1 h (at 10 mins interval). The study area was Sango, Ogun State, Nigeria. The obtained results were 710 ± 19.1 ppm, 83 ± 4.0 ppm and 83 ± 4.1 µg/m3 (average) for CO2, CO, and PM2.5, respectively. The regression analyse carried out on the data for the age and efficiency of the generators in relation to the concentration data of CO2, CO and PM2.5 showed that the efficiency (R = 0.92 and F = 301.3) has more impact on the concentrations than the age (R = 0.68 and F = 49.6). Also, the efficiency of the generators was observed to have positive and significant effect on both the CO2 (t-stat = 10.05 and P-value = ≪ 0.050) and PM2.5 (t-stat = 2.26 and P-value = 0.025) concentrations. The average concentrations of CO2 and PM2.5 were observed to be higher than those recommended by the World Health Organization. Health impact assessment revealed hazardous and unhealthy status for CO and PM2.5 with air quality indices of >500 and 178.8, respectively. This study recommends efficient use of generators, fuel switching (gasoline to LPG), stringent emission measures and use of renewable energy as possible solutions.
New Perspectives on Abiotic Organic Synthesis and Processing during Hydrothermal Alteration of the Oceanic Lithosphere

The main known organic compounds on Earth are biologically derived, whether they are direct products of biological activity or the result of thermal degradation of bio-derived material. While the synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic reactants is a common process in the chemical industry, it remains an unverified component of the deep carbon cycle on Earth and possibly on other planetary bodies. Abiotic organic synthesis is central to life emergence and sustainability, and possibly to “geo-inspired” resources. Intensive efforts are still needed to unravel the possible forms, sources, quantities, and formation mechanisms of abiotic carbon compounds under geologically relevant conditions. An improved knowledge of their processing within the lithosphere is also mandatory to better quantify their impact on biogeochemical cycles and their contribution to C fluxes between Earth’s external and internal envelops. Their presence in fluids and rocks may also affect the kinetics of fluid–silicate reactions and the fates of other elements, particularly the redox-sensitive ones (e.g. transition metals, S). Abiotic organic compounds in the lithosphere can have two main origins: either rising from a deep volcanic source in the mantle or formed in situ in the upper lithosphere during hydrothermal processes from mantellic or seawater inorganic carbon compounds (see Refs. 1 and 2 for reviews). In the present chapter, we focus on lithospheric hydrothermal processes that include late magmatic stages and fluid–rock reactions. In fluids, natural occurrences of recognized abiotic organic volatiles of hydrothermal origin include methane (CH4), short-chain alkanes, and small organic acids. They have mainly been observed in geothermal systems or continental seepages within ophiolites and Precambrian shields and at hydrothermal vents near mid-ocean ridges and subduction forearcs. Hence, they are not necessarily associated with deep active volcanism, and they attest to the contribution of lithospheric hydrothermal processes to abiotic organic synthesis. In most cases, these occurrences of organic volatiles are associated with high concentrations of H2 reached by reduction of water during aqueous alteration of ferrous iron-bearing minerals. The latter are particularly abundant in mantle and olivine-rich lithologies whose alteration process is known as serpentinization.
advantages of full-thickness intestinal and extraintestinal biopsies Chronic inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in cats: Diagnostic

http://jfm.sagepub. com/content/12/2/97 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms. 2009.07. 004 2010 12: 97 Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Sven Kleinschmidt, Jasmine Harder, Ingo Nolte, Sina Marsilio and Marion Hewicker-Trautwein advantages of full-thickness intestinal and extraintestinal biopsies Chronic inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in cats: Diagnostic
Study of the causes of vaginal discharge among sexually active females in age group of 20-45 years: A hospital based study in B.P.S. Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, District Sonipat,

Background: Vaginal discharge is a common symptom of genital infection in woman. Identifying its source can be challenging as large number of pathogens cause several other infections may coexist. Aim: To find out the possible causes of vaginal infection in sexually active woman. Material and methods: One hundred sexually active females in the age group of 20 complaints of vaginal discharge thorough clinical examination were carried out. for diagnosing candidiasis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea and bacterial vaginosis were done. Results: The present study showed 34% incidence of ba candidiasis, 14% trichomoniasis, 2% gonorrhea, 2% normal physiological discharge and 18% non specific urogenital infections.