Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust control from the stroke perilesional cortex.

Intracortical brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) may eventually restore function in those with motor disability after stroke. However, current research into the development of intracortical BMIs has focused on subjects with largely intact cortical structures, such as those with spinal cord injury. Although the stroke perilesional cortex (PLC) has been hypothesized as a potential site for a BMI, it remains unclear whether the injured motor cortical network can support neuroprosthetic control directly. Using chronic electrophysiological recordings in a rat stroke model, we demonstrate here the PLC’s capacity for neuroprosthetic control and physiological plasticity. We initially found that the perilesional network demonstrated abnormally increased slow oscillations that also modulated neural firing. Despite these striking abnormalities, neurons in the perilesional network could be modulated volitionally to learn neuroprosthetic control. The rate of learning was surprisingly similar regardless of the electrode distance from the stroke site and was not significantly different from intact animals. Moreover, neurons achieved similar task-related modulation and, as an ensemble, formed cell assemblies with learning. Such control was even achieved in animals with poor motor recovery, suggesting that neuroprosthetic control is possible even in the absence of motor recovery. Interestingly, achieving successful control also reduced locking to abnormal oscillations significantly. Our results thus suggest that, despite the disrupted connectivity in the PLC, it may serve as an effective target for neuroprosthetic control in those with poor motor recovery after stroke.
Government ﬁnancial support and ﬁrm productivity in Vietnam

Using the Färe-Primont index and instrumental variable fixed effect estimation for the data of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this study considers if receiving government financial support enables SMEs in Vietnam to become more productive. The paper discovers no evidence of linkage between financial support and firm productivity. However, access to financial support improves technological progress and growth in firm scale but has a negative effect on improvement in technical efficiency. The estimation results reveal that the use of productivity as an aggregated index in previous studies may hide the real effect of government support on firm productivity.
Ef ﬁ ciency of a “ Small-World ” Brain Network Depends on Consciousness Level: A Resting-State fMRI Study

It has been revealed that spontaneous coherent brain activity during rest, measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), self-organizes a “ small-world ” network by which the human brain could sustain higher communication ef ﬁ ciency across global brain regions with lower energy consumption. However, the state-dependent dynamics of the network, especially the dependency on the conscious state, remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted simultaneous electroencephalographic recording with resting-state fMRI to explore whether functional network organization re ﬂ ects differences in the conscious state between an awake state and stage 1 sleep. We then evaluated whole-brain functional network properties with ﬁ ne spatial resolution (3781 regions of interest) using graph theoretical analysis. We found that the ef ﬁ ciency of the functional network evaluated by path length decreased not only at the global level, but also in several speci ﬁ c regions depending on the conscious state. Furthermore, almost two-thirds of nodes that showed a signi ﬁ cant decrease in nodal ef- ﬁ ciency during stage 1 sleep were categorized as the default-mode network. These results suggest that brain functional network organizations are dynamically optimized for a higher level of information integration in the fully conscious awake state, and that the default-mode network plays a pivotal role in information integration for maintaining conscious awareness. 1973) for each overlap. Here, the null hypothesis was that the modules and the decreased nodal ef ﬁ ciency were independent. The adjusted standardized residuals rep- resented the degree of the difference between the observed overlaps (number of nodes) and those of the expected ones if the null hypoth- esis was true. Under the null hypothesis, the adjusted standardized residuals will have a standard normal distribution, that is, the adjusted standardized residuals were Z -scores. Then, P- values were calculated. For multiple comparisons, we applied the Bonferroni method. If P < 0.01, we considered that the module had a speci ﬁ c effect of sleep stage on the ef ﬁ ciency.
Pulmonary Fibrosis ATP catabolism by tissue nonspeciﬁc alkaline phosphatase contributes to development of ARDS in inﬂuenza-infected mice

catabolism by tissue nonspeciﬁc alkaline phosphatase contributes to development of ARDS in inﬂuenza-infected mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 314: L83–L92, 2018. A viruses are highly contagious respiratory pathogens that are responsible for signiﬁcant morbidity and mortality worldwide on an annual basis. We have shown previously that inﬂuenza infection of mice leads to increased ATP and adenosine accumulation in the airway lumen. Moreover, we demonstrated that A 1 -adenosine receptor activation contributes signiﬁcantly to inﬂuenza-induced acute respiratory dis- tress syndrome (ARDS). However, we found that development of ARDS in inﬂuenza-infected mice does not require catabolism of ATP to adenosine by ecto-5 = -nucleotidase (CD73). Hence, we hypothe-sized that increased adenosine generation in response to infection is mediated by tissue nonspeciﬁc alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which is a low-afﬁnity, high-capacity enzyme that catabolizes nucleotides in a nonspeciﬁc manner. In the current study, we found that whole lung and BALF TNAP expression and alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity increased as early as 2 days postinfection (dpi) of C57BL/6 mice with 10,000 pfu/mouse of inﬂuenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1). Treat- ment at 2 and 4 dpi with a highly speciﬁc quinolinyl-benzenesulfon-amide TNAP inhibitor (TNAPi) signiﬁcantly reduced whole lung alkaline phosphatase activity at 6 dpi but did not alter TNAP gene or protein expression. TNAPi treatment attenuated hypoxemia, lung dysfunction, histopathology, and pulmonary edema at 6 dpi without impacting viral replication or BALF adenosine. Treatment also im- proved epithelial barrier function and attenuated cellular and humoral immune responses to inﬂuenza infection. These data indicate that TNAP inhibition can attenuate inﬂuenza-induced ARDS by reducing inﬂammation and ﬂuid accumulation within the lung. They also further emphasize the importance of adenosine generation for development of ARDS in inﬂuenza-infected mice. This leads to impairment of alveolar ﬂuid clearance, increased ALF depth, and intra-alveolar edema (24). In addition, ADO/A 1 -AR interactions promote neutrophil recruitment to the infected lung (not shown) (3). Together, these effects contribute to development of ARDS in H1N1 inﬂuenza A virus-infected mice (2, 3, 22).
Dielectric responses and multirelaxation behaviors of pure and doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics

Pure and Co/Fe doped CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction method. The electrical properties of ceramics were found to be dependent on the type of dopant materials. A multirelaxation mechanism should be considered for the common observed (50–200 K) dielectric relaxation of CCTO ceramic. In relatively high temperature range, this relaxation followed the Arrhenius behavior with activation energy of 68 meV, which was ascribed to the Maxwell–Wagner (MW)-type relaxation associated with grains. In lower temperature range, this relaxation exhibited variable-ranger-hopping behavior due to the dipolar effects. The dielectric relaxation mechanism of Co doped CCTO ceramic was similar to that of pure CCTO ceramic, while that of Fe doped CCTO ceramic was quite different. Two dielectric relaxations were identified in the temperature range from 4 to 300 K. A dielectric relaxation at room temperature with an activation energy of 390.3 meV was attributed to the MW-type relaxation associated wit.
Morphological and Anatomical Studies on Some Monocot Xerophytes of District Karak, Pakistan

: The present article is comprised of morphology and anatomy of the some selected xerophytes (monocot) of district Karak. 5 monocot plant species belonging to 3 families,were collected during the survey. Morphologically, the characters of leaves, stems, roots, fruits and seeds were observed. The family Poaceae was dominant followed by the Polygonaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae . Similarly, the plant Eragrostis curvula (Poaceae)was dominant followed by Calligonum polygonoides (Polygonaceae) and Asphodelus tenuifolius ( Xanthorrhoeaceae ). The plants were found to be well adapted to the environment of district Karak. The morphological adaptations were presence of dense hair, powder and cuticle layer on leaves and stem. The leaves were found to be leathery, needle like and elongated. Sometimes, the leaves were found to be modified into thorns and spines. Similarly, thick and short rhizome, sunken stomata, compact epidermis, wide cortex and many water storing tissues were observed during this study. During the study, it was also reported that xerophytes have numerous cortical cells to store large amount of water, as to compensate the harsh and dry environment. It was concluded that the studied plant species of district Karak were well adapted in the extreme environment. with rhizome stem, sheathing at the base and long, zygomorphic.Seeds, rough and flat. Cuticle found on leaf mucilaginous. Inflorescence, recemose, flowers white, and stem with wide and loosely arranged cortex. Pith in regular, hermaphrodite and actinomorphic. Seeds, centre, vascular tissues at periphery of pericycle. The rounded. Cuticle on epidermis, wide parechymatus cortex, results of the present studies are agreement with Turki vascular bundles in centre. The results of present studies
Preparation and characterization of hydroxyapatite powder for biomedical applications from giant African land snail shell using a hydrothermal technique

The need for hydroxyapatite synthesized from an inexpensive raw material is on the increase due to the expense of high purity calcium and demand of hydroxyapatite powder in dentistry, orthopaedics and trauma surgery. Additionally, efforts towards recycling and reuse of waste into value added products such as hydroxyapatite, have been one of the targeted goals of the SDG by the year 2030 to improve healthcare and for environmental friendliness. Giant African land snail shells ( Archachatina marginata ) are a waste material that is now being considered for use as a calcium precursor for hydroxyapatite production. Additionally, the effect of various low temperature hydrothermal treatments on the properties of hydroxyapatite derived in this manner are presented. Snail shell powder calcined at 900 ℃ for 3 hours in a bench top electric furnace was used in the current study as calcium precursor. Hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was prepared via a hydrothermal technique at 100, 150 and 200 ℃ for 4 hr of soaking time. Characterization of calcined and un-calcined snail shell as well as hydroxyapatite powders was done using XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS to determine the phase content, functional groups, morphology and elemental composition, respectively. Results of calcination indicated a 81.80% CaO yield compared to 66.4% for un-calcined snail shell powder. The outcome of XRD and FTIR analyses of hydroxyapatite powders produced under various hydrothermal treatments compare favourably with HA currently available on the market. The hydrothermal temperature influenced the crystallite size and microstructure of hydroxyapatite powder. A minimum crystallite size of 23.1 nm with Ca/P stoichiometric ratio of 1.6, suitable for biomedical applications, was obtained at 100 °C. This is compared to a crystallite size of 50.58 nm for commercial hydroxyapatite examined under the same conditions. Hence, African giant snail shells can serve as inexpensive calcium source for nano-hydroxyapatite powder production that is useful in biomedical applications.
The Determinants of Carbon Emission Disclosure Moderated by Institutional Ownership

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of company size, profitability, environmental performance, media exposure to carbon emission disclosure and institutional ownership as a moderating variable. The population in this study was all companies which published sustainability reports and were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018 with a total of 43 companies. The sample in this study was included as saturated samples so that the total sample was 43 companies with 132 units of analysis. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis in Eviews9. The results show that environmental performance has a significant positive effect on carbon emission disclosure. Meanwhile, company size, profitability, and media exposure do not affect on carbon emission disclosure. Then, institutional ownership weakens the effect of environmental performance on carbon emission disclosure. Institutional ownership also cannot moderate the effect of company size, profitability, and media exposure on carbon emission disclosure. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the factor that is proven to affect carbon emission disclosure is environmental performance. Further researchers are advised to use other measuring devices so that they can get results from other perspectives.
The Different Dimensions of Quality Care Management

Health service organizations expect Manager Nurses to develop activities that foster the best quality results both in terms of assistance and in terms of management. To do so, managers have to master management skills in order to understand the activity carried out by the Manager Nurses in an archipelago with several islands. This is a descriptive, analytical and exploratory study of quantitative nature. The data collection instrument was an autofill questionnaire, which included a Perception Scale of the Work of the Manager Nurses. The academic qualifications of the nursing managers are as follows: postgraduate studies in specific areas other than management (15,9%); postgraduate studies in the field of management (36,5%) and master’s degree in different areas (17,5%). The results in the field of the skills of management of nursing care may be the ones that require a bigger investment in terms of training. Regarding the skills in the field of political intervention and advice, the results observed were below expectations. The need for specific training in the field of management is obvious; we were able to prove that most of the Manager Nurses do not have specific training in the field of management, which would allow them to perform the management tasks based on solid knowledge, thus improving the quality of their service.
Virus Tissue Blood Compartmentalization in Acute Infection of

Animal models of Zika virus (ZIKV) are needed to better understand tropism and pathogenesis and to test candidate vaccines and therapies to curtail the pandemic. Humans and rhesus macaques possess similar fetal development and placental biology that is not shared between humans and rodents. We inoculated 2 non-pregnant rhesus macaques with a 2015 Brazilian ZIKV strain. Consistent with most human infections, the animals experienced no clinical disease but developed short-lived plasma viremias that cleared as neutralizing antibody developed. In 1 animal, viral RNA (vRNA) could be detected longer in whole blood than in plasma. Despite no major histopathologic changes, many adult tissues contained vRNA 14 days post-infection with highest levels in
Geostatistical interpolation using copulas

In many applications of geostatistical methods, the dependence structure of the investigated parameter is described solely with the variogram or covariance functions, which are susceptible to measurement anomalies and implies the assumption of Gaussian dependence. Moreover the kriging variance respects only observation density, data geometry and the variogram model. To address these problems, we borrow the idea from copulas, to depict the dependence structure without the influence of the marginal distribution. The methodology and basic hypotheses for application of copulas as geostatistical methods are discussed and the Gaussian copula as well as a non‐Gaussian copula are used in this paper. Copula parameters are estimated using a division of the observations into multipoint subsets and a subsequent maximization of the corresponding likelihood function. The interpolation is carried out with two different copulas, where the expected and median values are calculated from the copulas conditioned with the nearby observations. The full conditional copulas provide the estimation distributions for the unobserved locations and can be used to define confidence intervals which depend on both the observation geometry and values. Observations of a large scale groundwater quality measurement network in Baden‐Württemberg are used to demonstrate the methodology. Five groundwater quality parameters: chloride, nitrate, pH, sulfate and dissolved oxygen are investigated. All five parameters show non‐Gaussian dependence. The copula‐based interpolation results of the five parameters are compared to the results of conventional ordinary and indicator kriging. Different statistical measures including mean squared error, relative differences and probability scores are used to compare cross validation and split sampling results of the interpolation methods. The non‐Gaussian copulas give better results than the geostatistical interpolations. Validation of the confidence intervals shows that they are more realistic than the estimation variances obtained by ordinary kriging.
in the Tissues Memory T Cell Response to Virus Infection Regulatory T Cells Shape the Resident

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are well known for their role in dampening the immune responses to self-Ags and, thereby, limiting autoimmunity. However, they also must permit immune responses to occur against foreign infectious agents. Using a mouse model of West Nile virus infection, we examined the role of Tregs in the generation of effector and memory T cell responses in the secondary lymphoid organs, as well as the infected tissues. We found that Treg numbers and activation increased in both the secondary lymphoid organs and CNS postinfection. Using Foxp3 DTR knock-in mice, we found that Treg-deﬁcient mice had increased Ag-driven production of IFN- g from both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the spleen and CNS during the effector phase. In mice lacking Tregs, there were greater numbers of short-lived effector CD8 + T cells in the spleen during the peak of the immune response, but the memory CD8 + T cell response was impaired. Speciﬁcally, we demonstrate that Treg-dependent production of TGF- b results in increased expression of CD103 on CD8 + T cells, thereby allowing for a large pool of resident memory T cells to be maintained in the brain postinfection. The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 192: 000–000. work
regulates cell growth and cell survival in B-lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: A new class of non-coding RNAs, known as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has been recently described. These lncRNAs are implicated to play pivotal roles in various molecular processes, including development and oncogenesis. Gene expression profiling of human B-ALL samples showed differential lncRNA expression in samples with particular cytogenetic abnormalities. One of the most promising lncRNAs identified, designated B-ALL associated long RNA-6 (BALR-6), had the highest expression in patient samples carrying the MLL rearrangement, and is the focus of this study. Results: Here, we performed a series of experiments to define the function of BALR-6, including several novel splice forms that we identified. Functionally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of BALR-6 in human B-ALL cell lines caused reduced cell proliferation and increased cell death. Conversely, overexpression of BALR-6 isoforms in both human and mouse cell lines caused increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Overexpression of BALR-6 in murine bone marrow transplantation experiments caused a significant increase in early hematopoietic progenitor populations, suggesting that its dysregulation may cause developmental changes. Notably, the knockdown of BALR-6 resulted in global dysregulation of gene expression. The gene set was enriched for leukemia-associated genes, as well as for the transcriptome regulated by Specificity Protein 1 (SP1). We confirmed changes in the expression of SP1, as well as its known interactor and downstream target CREB1. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated an enhancement of SP1-mediated transcription in the presence of BALR-6. These data provide a putative mechanism for regulation by BALR-6 in B-ALL. Conclusions: Our findings support a role for the novel lncRNA BALR-6 in promoting cell survival in B-ALL. Furthermore, this lncRNA influences gene expression in B-ALL in a manner consistent with a function in transcriptional regulation. Specifically, our findings suggest that BALR-6 expression regulates the transcriptome downstream of SP1, and that this may underlie the function of BALR-6 in B-ALL. a of luciferase assay kit substrates for Renilla and firefly luciferase The luminescence for the co-transfected MSCV empty vector and pCMV3 empty vector, used as a normalization control.
Zaria Nijerya’da Ahmadu Bella Üniversitesi Sağlık Merkezinde Tedavi Edilen 4 Yıllık Köpek Isırığı Vakalarının Analizi [Analysis of 4-Year Dog-Bite Cases Treated at Ahmadu Bello University Health Centre, Nigeria]

analyze the 4 year dog bite cases treated at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Health Centre (UHC) Zaria, Nigeria. METHOD: A descriptive study was conducted between 2008 and 2011. Relevant information were obtained using structured questionnaire, interview and participant’s observation was used to study the ecology of the dogs. The medical and veterinary doctors were involved in the collection of the information. Data were analyzed with the aid of SPSS Version 17.0 and Chi square statistics was used to test for significance of association at P< 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 132 cases of dog bite were recorded for the period of the study. Majority (35.6%) of the victims of the bite were within the age bracket of 1-10 years (mean age 25± 1.7 years, minimum age - 1 year and maximum age- 68 years), male: female ratio 1: 1.9 , 43.9% were staff family, The most common site of the bites was leg (35.2%). First aid treatment given to the victims before presentation at the hospital, were inadequate. Sixty (45.5%) of the victims were given treatment against rabies. 63.6% of the dogs involved in the biting were aged 1-4 years, 54.5% were not vaccinated against rabies, 81.8% were local breed of dog, 13.6% were stray dogs and the most common likely cause of the bites was provocation (54.5%). CONCLUSION: Dog bite is a common medical condition seen in UHC, ABU Zaria. Factors such as poor vaccination of dogs by owners, high proportion of stray dogs, and poor first aid treatment of dog bite injuries, among others are of public health importance. There is need for intensive public enlightenment.