Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of The Pulmonary Tuberculosis Control Program at Sikumana Public Health Center

Introduction: According to the East Nusa Tenggara Provincial Health Office, Kupang City is the city with the highest contribution to pulmonary TB cases in 2021 with 491 cases and the Sikumana Health Center is the Public Health Center with the highest number of TB cases with 88 cases, patient recovery rate of 68.2%, and not reached the national target of 100%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the pulmonary TB control program at the Sikumana Health Center. Methods : The research study was qualitative research using in-depth interview techniques. The number of informants was 11 informants. This research was conducted at the Sikumana Health Center, District Maulafa, City of Kupang from February to April 2023.Results: In the input aspect, the funds program, and human resources are sufficient, and the facilities for implementing the TB program are incomplete. In the process aspect, the planning and implementation stages have been going according to the proposed activity plan, but in the monitoring and supervision activities, it is still lacking because it is administrative and based on recording and reporting only. In the output aspect, the coverage of case detection in 2022 is 58.5%, the notification rate for all cases is 22.8%, the treatment success rate is 94.2%, and the cure rate is 98.2%. Conclusion: The Pulmonary Tuberculosis program implementation in Sikumana Health Center wasn’t implemented successfully because of process and input problems such as facilities and human resources. There should be regular training for TB program implementing officers, a special room for sputum collection, and routine supervision to the laboratory.
Using Anthropometric and Demographic Factors to Predict Small Bowel Length to Prevent Malnutrition in Bariatric Surgery

Background: Small bowel length measurements and estimation have high clinical importance, especially in bariatric surgeries to prevent postoperation malnutrition. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between demographic and anthropometric factors with small bowel length. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients that were candidates of abdominal surgeries. Anthropometric factors including age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, right wrist and waist circumstance, length of the right hand 2nd and 4th fingers and 2nd to 4th finger ratio, and length of the right hemithorax were obtained. Whole length of the small bowel was measured during surgery from the ligament of Treitz to the ileocecal junction between the mesenteric and antimesenteric border of the intestine. Results: The mean small bowel length was 5.45 ± 1.62 meters and significantly lower in women compared to men (P = 0.003) and had a significant direct relationship with height (r = 0.3, P < 0.001), an inverse relationship to 2nd to 4th finger ratio (= −0.34, P < 0.001). There were the same correlations between small intestine length with height and the 2nd to 4th finger ratio in open surgeries (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between age (r = 0.33, P = 0.032), weight (r= −0.60, P, 0.001), waist circumstance (r = −0.43, P = 0.004), and length of the right hemithorax (r = −0.47, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Using demographic and anthropometric factors, we could predict the small bowel length. These results could be further used in bariatric surgeries to avoid possible malnutrition.
Agriculture and Adaptation in Bangladesh: Current and Projected Impacts of Climate Change

The goal of this research was to examine the likely impacts of climate change on agriculture in Bangladesh, and develop recommendations to policymakers to help farmers adapt to the changes. In this study, we use climate data from four general circulation models (GCMs) to evaluate the impact of climate change on agriculture in Bangladesh by 2050. We use the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) crop modeling software to evaluate crop yields, first for the 1950 to 2000 period (actual climate) and then for the climates given by the four GCMs for 2050. We evaluate crop yields at 1,789 different points in Bangladesh, using a grid composed of roughly 10 kilometer (km) squares, for 8 different crops in 2000 and 2050. For each crop, we search for the best cultivar (variety) at each square, rather than limiting our analysis to a single variety for all locations. We also search for the best planting month in each square. In addition, we explore potential gains in changing fertilizer levels and in using irrigation to compensate for rainfall changes. This analysis indicates that when practiced together, using cultivars better suited for climate change and adjusting planting dates can lessen the impacts of climate change on yields, especially for rice, and in some cases actually result in higher yields. In addition, the analysis shows that losses in yield due to climate change can be compensated for, for many crops, by increasing the availability of nitrogen in the soil.
Can Displacement Ventilation Control Secondhand ETS

although complete separation and isolation of smoking rooms can control ETS exposure in nonsmoking spaces, in the same building, adverse health effects for the occupants of the smoking room cannot be controlled by ventilation. No other engineering approaches, including current and advanced dilution ventilation or air cleaning technologies, have been demonstrated or should be relied upon to control health risks from ETS exposure in spaces where smoking occurs.
Roles of Regional Transport and Vertical Mixing in Aerosol Pollution in Shanghai Over the COVID‐19 Lockdown Period Observed Above Urban Canopy

Regional transport and vertical mixing are important for aerosol pollution of megacities, but their roles are often challenging to assess via ground observations. In this study, we measured aerosol chemical composition simultaneously above urban canopy (Shanghai Tower, 609 m), a site representative of aerosols from regional scale, and a nearby ground site and investigated the roles of regional transport and vertical mixing over 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown period (1 January to 18 April), when local emissions were first drastically reduced and then recovered. During the lockdown period, regional transport was the major source of most aerosol species (organics, NO3−, SO42−, and NH4+) at both heights according to the high correlation coefficients (R = 0.81–0.87) between both heights. Correlation coefficients and vertical ratios (609 m/ground) of most aerosol components showed similar diurnal variations with the evolution of planetary boundary layer height, indicating the role of vertical mixing in aerosol pollution. Moreover, the concentrations of aerosol components at 609 m generally preceded those at ground level by 1–2 hr, indicating that aerosols were first transported at upper boundary layer, and then were mixed downwards to ground level. At 609 m, highly oxidized oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA; a surrogate of secondary organic aerosol (SOA)) dominated in organic aerosol (≥75%). The high correlations (R = 0.96) between OOA and hydrocarbon‐like organic aerosol (HOA; a surrogate of primary organic aerosol (POA)) at 609 m indicated that they originated similarly from regional transport. This study highlights the importance of regional joint prevention and control of pollutant emissions and observation above urban canopy.
Exploring Cardiovascular Manifestations in Vasculitides: An In-Depth Review

Systemic vasculitides encompass a cluster of autoimmune diseases that affect blood vessels, and are characterized by immune-mediated injury to either small- or large-sized blood vessels. Individuals afflicted with systemic vasculitides experience notable morbidity and mortality attributable to cardiovascular manifestations. Noteworthy among these are ischemic heart disease, venous thromboembolism, aortic involvement, valvular irregularities, myocarditis, and pericarditis. This narrative review investigated and evaluated the prevalent cardiovascular disturbances commonly associated with different types of vasculitides. This review also discusses the mechanisms that underlie these manifestations. It also provides a thorough explanation of the many diagnostic techniques essential for detecting the disease at its occult stage. It is essential for healthcare professionals to have knowledge of the cardiovascular complications caused by vasculitides, as this enables them to promptly recognize these symptoms and employ suitable diagnostic techniques early on. By doing so, timely detection can be ensured, which will subsequently aid in initiating appropriate treatment strategies that are vital for decreasing morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic vasculitides.
Aloe vera Extract Sheet and Egg Albumin (Gallus domesticus) Reduce the Number of Lymphocytes on Gingival Incision Wound

An incision in the oral cavity is a dental procedure performed in surgical procedures. Suturing is the gold standard in primary wound closure care, however, suturing can cause tissue trauma, scars, and secondary infections. Cyanoacrylate adhesive is one of the alternative tissue glue for wound closure but it has inflammatory risk as suturing, potential toxicity, and accidental adhesion risks. Aloe vera extract sheet based combined with free-range chicken egg albumin is expected to be an alternative method for wound healing of gingival incisions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of administration of Aloe vera extract wound healing sheet (WHS) and free-range chicken egg albumin on the number of lymphocytes in the gingival incision wound as the inflammatory response. Experimental laboratory research with a posttest-only control group design was conducted in 24 male rats (Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain) with an incised gingiva, divided into four groups, namely T1 (50% WHS concentration and chicken egg albumin), T2 (100% WHS concentration and chicken egg albumin), PC (positive control with suturing), NC (negative control without treatment). The treatment was carried out for seven days. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD. The use of Aloe vera extract WHS and free-range chicken egg albumin (T1 and T2) reduced the number of lymphocytes compared to control groups (PC and NC; p<0.05). WHS and chicken egg albumin can shorten the inflammatory process in wound healing which is characterized by lower lymphocyte counts compared to the control groups.
The Wall Around The West: State Borders And Immigration Controls In North America And Europe

Part 1 Historical and Comparative Perspectives Chapter 2 The Wall after the Wall Chapter 3 The Transformation of Border Controls: A European Precedent? Chapter 4 States and the Regulation of Migration in the Twentieth Century North Atlantic World Chapter 5 Comparative Perspectives on Migration Control: Away from the Border and Outside the State Part 6 US Border Controls Chapter 7 The Political Costs of State Power: Border Control in South Florida Chapter 8 The Remaking of the California-Mexico Boundary in the Age of NAFTA Chapter The Logic a 9 The Logic and Contradictions of Intensified Border Enforcement in Texas Chapter 10 US Border Controls: A Mexican Perspective Part 11 European Border Controls Chapter 12 Gatekeeper for the EU: The Predicament of Eastern Europe Chapter 13 Rio Odra, Rio Buh: Poland, Germany, and the Borders of Twenty-First Century Europe Chapter 14 Border Controls and the Politics of EU Enlargement Chapter 15 The Mobility Money Can Buy: Human Smuggling and Border Control in the European Union Chapter 16 The Wall around the West Chapter 17
Characterization of impaired beta and alpha cell function in response to an oral glucose challenge in cystic fibrosis: a cross-sectional study

Aims The purpose of the study was to further elucidate the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD) and potential drivers of hypoglycaemia. Hence, we aimed to describe and compare beta cell function (insulin and proinsulin) and alpha cell function (glucagon) in relation to glucose tolerance in adults with CF and to study whether hypoglycaemia following oral glucose challenge may represent an early sign of islet cell impairment. Methods Adults with CF (≥18 years) were included in a cross-sectional study using an extended (-10, -1, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min) or a standard (-1, 30, 60, and 120 min) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participants were classified according to glucose tolerance status and hypoglycaemia was defined as 3-hour glucose <3.9 mmol/L in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and early glucose intolerance (EGI). Results Among 93 participants, 67 underwent an extended OGTT. In addition to worsening in insulin secretion, the progression to CFRD was associated with signs of beta cell stress, as the fasting proinsulin-to-insulin ratio incrementally increased (p-value for trend=0.013). The maximum proinsulin level (pmol/L) was positively associated with the nadir glucagon, as nadir glucagon increased 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 1.4-11.3%) for each unit increase in proinsulin. Those with hypoglycaemia had higher 60-min glucose, 120-min C-peptide, and 180-min glucagon levels (27.8% [11.3-46.7%], 42.9% [5.9-92.85%], and 80.3% [14.9-182.9%], respectively) and unaltered proinsulin-to-insulin ratio compared to those without hypoglycaemia. Conclusions The maximum proinsulin concentration was positively associated with nadir glucagon during the OGTT, suggesting that beta cell stress is associated with abnormal alpha cell function in adults with CF. In addition, hypoglycaemia seemed to be explained by a temporal mismatch between glucose and insulin levels rather than by an impaired glucagon response.
Ibrutinib-Associated Multifocal Paronychia with Periungual Pyogenic Granulomas Involving Concomitant Finger and Toe Nails

Ibrutinib is an oral covalent inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) pathway and is approved for the treatment of hematological malignancies such as mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The safety profile of ibrutinib appears to be well‐tolerated with major hematological and minor dermatological side effects. Herein, we report ibrutinib‐induced multifocal paronychia with periungual pyogenic granulomas (PPPG) involving bilateral fingernails and toenails. On meticulous exploration of worldwide literature, less than 10 cases of ibrutinib‐induced paronychia and periungual granulation tissue are reported, but none from the Indian literature. [1‐4]
Nicotine-mediated effects in neuronal and mouse models of synucleinopathy

Introduction Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, transmission, and contribution to neurotoxicity represent central mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease. The plant alkaloid “nicotine” was reported to attenuate α-Syn aggregation in different models, but its precise mode of action remains unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the effect of 2-week chronic nicotine treatment on α-Syn aggregation, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and motor deficits in D-line α-Syn transgenic mice. We also established a novel humanized neuronal model of α-Syn aggregation and toxicity based on treatment of dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) with α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFF) and applied this model to investigate the effects of nicotine and other compounds and their modes of action. Results and discussion Overall, our results showed that nicotine attenuated α-Syn-provoked neuropathology in both models. Moreover, when investigating the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) signaling in nicotine’s neuroprotective effects in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons, we observed that while α4-specific antagonists reduced the nicotine-induced calcium response, α4 agonists (e.g., AZD1446 and anatabine) mediated similar neuroprotective responses against α-Syn PFF-provoked neurodegeneration. Our results show that nicotine attenuates α-Syn-provoked neuropathology in vivo and in a humanized neuronal model of synucleinopathy and that activation of α4β2 nicotinic receptors might mediate these neuroprotective effects.
On the Capacity of Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation

In this letter, the average mutual information (AMI) of generalized quadrature spatial modulation (GQSM) is first derived for continuous-input continuous-output channels. Our mathematical analysis shows that the calculation error induced by Monte Carlo integration increases exponentially with the signal-to-noise ratio. This nature of GQSM is resolved by deriving a closed-form expression. The derived AMI is compared with other related SM schemes and evaluated for different antenna activation patterns. Our results show that an equiprobable antenna selection method slightly decreases AMI of symbols, while the method significantly improves AMI in total.
A risk‐sensitive stochastic maximum principle for fully coupled forward‐backward stochastic differential equations with applications

In this paper, we are interested in the problem of optimal control where the system is given by a fully coupled forward‐backward stochastic differential equation with a risk‐sensitive performance functional. As a preliminary step, we use the risk neutral which is an extension of the initial control system where the admissible controls are convex, and an optimal solution exists.Then, we study the necessary as well as sufficient optimality conditions for risk sensitive performance. At the end of this work, we illustrate our main result by giving an example that deals with an optimal portfolio choice problem in financial market, specifically the model of control cash flow of a firm or project where, for instance, we can set the model of pricing and managing an insurance contract.
Onset of the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum: inferences from stable isotopes on benthic foraminifera at ODP Site 1264 in the southern Atlantic

In 2011, stable isotope records of benthic foraminifera from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1264 have been presented. To gain more knowledge about high resolution early to middle Miocene climate changes, these Oligocene-Miocene records have been extended in this paper. The extended records span the interval from ~18.91 to 16.97 Ma. The δ 18 O record exhibits a sharp decrease around 17 Ma, identified as the onset of the Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO). The cause of the MMCO is not fully understood, but recent research indicates that it is related to a sharp increase in the atmospheric CO 2 level. The carbon isotope record shows a significant increase from ~17.8 to 16.97 Ma, which is the result of the Monterey event, a period of global CO 2 drawdown. By applying spectral- and wavelet analysis to stable oxygen and carbon isotope records, a very strong, continual imprint of the long term (~400 kyr) eccentricity cycle on the amplitudes of the oxygen and carbon isotope records has been identified. Besides the long term eccentricity cycle imprint, a much weaker imprint of short term (~100 kyr) eccentricity cycle on the amplitudes of the carbon and oxygen isotopes record has been recorded. This data is compared to the stable oxygen and carbon isotope records from the Site 926 and Site 1090. As a result, the Miller events Mi-1ab and Mi-1b have been identified within this interval. The changes in the eccentricity cycle, the oxygen and carbon isotope records of Site 1264 match well, although a phase lag ~43 kyr is identified for the long term eccentricity amplitudes variations of the carbon isotope record compared to the oxygen isotope record. This suggests a coupling between climatic changes and changes in the carbon and oxygen isotope records.
An investigation on the causality link between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in selected Euro-Area countries

ABSTRACT Our paper analyzes the causality link between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in selected Euro-Area countries. We conduct our analysis for Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Spain, Italy, Portugal, and the Netherlands in the period from 1990 to 2020 by employing a recent panel causality test that takes structural breaks into account. First, we examine the stationary characteristics of data by employing a panel unit root test proposed by Bahmani-Oskooee (2014). In the second stage, we use the panel Fourier Toda Yamamoto (PFTY) test proposed by Yilanci and Gorus (2020). We find a one-way causal link between economic growth and renewable energy consumption for the panel supporting the evidence of the validity of the conservative hypothesis. Similarly, there are one-way causality runs from economic growth to renewable energy consumption in Spain, Italy, and Netherlands. Furthermore, there is a one-way causality run from renewable energy consumption to economic growth only in Finland supporting the evidence of the validity of the growth hypothesis. Nevertheless, we could not find any causality connection between renewable energy consumption and economic growth for the panel and also for Austria, Belgium, Germany, and Portugal on a country basis, thus supporting the evidence of the validity of the neutrality hypothesis.
Extracellular Acetylated Histone 3.3 Induces Inflammation and Lung Tissue Damage

Extracellular histones, part of the protein group known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are released from damaged or dying cells and can instigate cellular toxicity. Within the context of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is an observed abundance of extracellular histone H3.3, indicating potential pathogenic implications. Notably, histone H3.3 is often found hyperacetylated (AcH3.3) in the lungs of COPD patients. Despite these observations, the specific role of these acetylated histones in inducing pulmonary tissue damage in COPD remains unclear. To investigate AcH3.3’s impact on lung tissue, we administered recombinant histones (rH2A, rH3.3, and rAcH3.3) or vehicle solution to mice via intratracheal instillation. After 48 h, we evaluated the lung toxicity damage and found that the rAcH3.3 treated animals exhibited more severe lung tissue damage compared to those treated with non-acetylated H3.3 and controls. The rAcH3.3 instillation resulted in significant histological changes, including alveolar wall rupture, epithelial cell damage, and immune cell infiltration. Micro-CT analysis confirmed macroscopic structural changes. The rAcH3.3 instillation also increased apoptotic activity (cleavage of caspase 3 and 9) and triggered acute systemic inflammatory marker activation (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-3, or CXCL-1) in plasma, accompanied by leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Confocal imaging analysis confirmed lymphocytic and monocytic/macrophage lung infiltration in response to H3.3 and AcH3.3 administration. Taken together, our findings implicate extracellular AcH3.3 in inducing cytotoxicity and acute inflammatory responses, suggesting its potential role in promoting COPD-related lung damage progression.