Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as Agricultural Lighting: Impact and Its Potential on Improving Physiology, Flowering, and Secondary Metabolites of Crops

A reduction in crop productivity in cultivable land and challenging environmental factors have directed advancement in indoor cultivation systems, such that the yield parameters are higher in outdoor cultivation systems. In wake of this situation, light emitting diode (LED) lighting has proved to be promising in the field of agricultural lighting. Properties such as energy efficiency, long lifetime, photon flux efficacy and flexibility in application make LEDs better suited for future agricultural lighting systems over traditional lighting systems. Different LED spectrums have varied effects on the morphogenesis and photosynthetic responses in plants. LEDs have a profound effect on plant growth and development and also control key physiological processes such as phototropism, the immigration of chloroplasts, day/night period control and the opening/closing of stomata. Moreover, the synthesis of bioactive compounds and antioxidants on exposure to LED spectrum also provides information on the possible regulation of antioxidative defense genes to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Similarly, LEDs are also seen to escalate the nutrient metabolism in plants and flower initiation, thus improving the quality of the crops as well. However, the complete management of the irradiance and wavelength is the key to maximize the economic efficacy of crop production, quality, and the nutrition potential of plants grown in controlled environments. This review aims to summarize the various advancements made in the area of LED technology in agriculture, focusing on key processes such as morphological changes, photosynthetic activity, nutrient metabolism, antioxidant capacity and flowering in plants. Emphasis is also made on the variation in activities of different LED spectra between different plant species. In addition, research gaps and future perspectives are also discussed of this emerging multidisciplinary field of research and its development.
The influence of ethical leadership and team learning on team performance in software development projects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of team learning processes (information acquisition, information processing and information storage and retrieval) on team performance in software development projects and to assess the effect of ethical leadership and its influence on these processes. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined 354 software development project teams in Thailand. A quantitative study was conducted through a Web-based survey, with structural equation modelling used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results of this study revealed that ethical leadership is positively correlated with the team learning processes of information acquisition, information processing and information storage and retrieval. However, only information processing and information storage and retrieval are positively related to team performance. The results indicate that ethical leadership has a positive direct effect on team performance. The results also show that the positive relationship between ethical leadership and team performance is partially mediated by team learning processes, namely, information processing and information storage and retrieval. Research limitations/implications This study highlights the importance of ethical leadership and guides managers towards considering the characteristics of both ethical leadership and team learning processes for enhancing team performance in software development projects. Originality/value This is the first study to the best of authors’ knowledge to examine the role of team learning processes in mediating the relationship between ethical leadership and team performance, particularly concerning software development projects. The present research contributes to the literature on team performance management, emphasising the manner in which ethical leadership can result in team learning and team performance. The findings of this study can be used to encourage organisations to develop ethical leadership behaviours and team learning processes in software development projects.
1D generalized time dependent non Newtonian blood flow model

Alterations in whole blood viscosity due to hemodialysis, pathologies or a low stress hemo-dynamic blood flow impact the viscosity generating local changes in blood pressure, blood flow rate, vessel cross sectional area, and giving unexpected global variations over the circulatory network. Despite this fact all 1D models use Newtonian viscosity rheological laws inside. We present a 1D generalized time dependent non Newtonian model of viscosity and we compare the numerical predictions to experimental data of blood rheology available into the literature. We explore two well documented shear stress protocols and we show that the proposed 1D generalized non Newtonian model computed over an arterial segment compares accurately, qualitative as well as quantitatively, the time dependence of the shear stress over the rheological blood data. We hope that 1D generalized blood non Newtonian flow model inside of large numerical 1D models will be useful to help even more the understanding of the global blood dynamics in micro and macro-circulatory networks. 1 Introduction One dimensional flow models is an useful option for computing blood circulation in complex networks either for micro or macrocirculation. One of the main reasons is their capability to furnish good predictions in terms of blood pressure and blood flow rate being costless in terms of time computing compared to the complexity and time consuming of 3D approaches. We note that both the 1D and the 3D approaches are both derived from the same mass and momentum conservation principles. Although we know that alterations in blood viscosity impact the whole blood circulation, in the literature until now all proposed 1D hemodynamic models for studying blood flow circulation are New-tonian: the viscosity is then considered constant. The Newtonian hypothesis is very often well supported
Shift of English Literature Learning from Classroom to Online: Preferences and Attitude of Bangladeshi Undergraduate Students

This paper explores the English Literature classes that are taught online in Bangladeshi universities and the attitude of the students towards these classes. The new-normal after the Covid-19 outbreak forced the students to attend classes online and their experience about the English Literature classes are investigated in this research. The total number of participants for this study was ninety-seven. The research was conducted on the students of the Department of English in four private universities in Bangladesh. A survey questionnaire was prepared consisting of twenty questions to collect the data online. The data was analysed with quantitative method of research. Digital statistical software Microsoft Excel used for the data analysis. The research finding shows that the students find poetry and short story classes effective and engaging in online classes but showed unfavorable attitude towards novel and drama classes. The results also show that the students want more opportunity to share their opinion in the class and preferred visual aids in online classes. This study implies that while the instructors and the students are going through an unprecedented challenge of learning English Literature in online classrooms, the obstacles can be mitigated through increasing interactive classroom discussion and precise use of multimedia tools while teaching different genres of English Literature.
Effect of Climate Change on Staple Food Production: Empirical Evidence from a Structural Ricardian Analysis

The structural Ricardian model has been used to examine the links between climate variables and staple food production in the literature. However, empirical extensions considering the cluster-correlated effects of climate change have been limited. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by extending the structural Ricardian model to accommodate for spatial clustering of the climate variables while examining their effects on staple food production. Based on nationally representative farm household data in Taiwan, the present study investigates the effect of climate conditions on both crop choice and the subsequent production of the three most important staple foods. The results suggest that seasonal temperature/precipitation variations are the major determinants of staple food production after controlling for farm households’ socio-economic characteristics. The impacts of seasonal climate variations are found to be location-dependent, which also vary significantly across the staple food commodities. Climate change impact assessment under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios indicates the detrimental effect of climate change on rice production during 2021–2100. Under RCP6.0, the adverse effect of climate change on rice production will reach the high of approximately $2900 in the last two decades of the century. There is a gradual increase in terms of the size of negative impact on vegetable production under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5. Under RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, the effects of climate change on vegetable production switch in signs during the entire time span. The impact of climate change on fruits is different from the other two staple foods. The simulated results suggest that, except for RCP8.5, the positive impact of climate change on the production of fruits will be around $210–$320 in 2021–2040; the effect will then increase to $640–$870 before the end of the century.
Drought Effects on Growth, Water Content, and Organic Osmoprotectants in Promising Almond Genotypes with Different Drought Tolerance

Background Almonds ( Prunus amygdalus Batsch, syn. P. dulcis (Mill.) DA Webb) is a valuable nut crops species that is widely is cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, due to drought tolerance and dehydration under drought stress. Almonds show physiological adaptations for survival in drought stress conditions, but the degree Drought adaptation varies between cultivars. However, to date, its morphological and physiological responses to drought, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study was aimed to investigate the morphological and physiological changes of almond genotypes under drought stress. almond genotypes were planted in pots and subjected to four levels of soil water treatments: above 80% (control), 60% (light stress), and 40% (severe stress) of field capacity. Results Within the total stress period (0–30 days), almond genotypes grew rapidly in the light stress, whereas severe stress had a negative impact on growth. So that, in this study, 10 selected almond genotypes using some morphological traits such as: plant height, trunk diameter at the top of the graft, new branch growth length, leaf yellowness and some physiological indicators under drought stress conditions such as Chlorophyll index was evaluated based on SPAD criterion, relative leaf water content, measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and Organic Osmoprotectants to identify drought-resistant and sensitive genotypes under drought stress conditions. Among the selected genotypes studied, genotype A-7-100 was the most resistant and genotype A-124-1 was the most sensitive to drought stress. Conclusions Our results show that almond genotypes adapt to drought mainly by avoidance mechanisms, and its morphological and physiological characteristics are inhibited under severe stress, However, the degree of drought adaptation varies between different cultivars. These findings might help limited water resources to be fully used for increased the percentage of kernel and finally increased the growth and yield of plants under water stress.
Customer Loyalty as an Impact of Perceived Usefulness to Grab Users, Mediated by Customer Satisfaction and Moderated by Perceived Ease of Use

The development of Internet users in Indonesia increases quite rapidly each year. This phenomenon makes new online-based businesses increase. Even when the data show that Grab has got the market share in Indonesia, business competition is ubiquitous. The research analyzed the impact of perceived usefulness and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in Grab users. It also studied the impact of perceived usefulness on customer satisfaction and the customer satisfaction (moderated by perceived ease of use) as a mediator between perceived usefulness and customer loyalty. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were dimensions of the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM), which influenced the user's choice of application usage. The phenomenon of interest in the research was Grab, as an online-based business application on smartphones. The research used quantitative approach. About 204 samples from 250 respondents were obtained using purposive sampling with questionnaires in Surabaya. The measurement used the 7-category of the Likert scale and adapted from the previous researches. For data analysis, the research used Hayes’s PROCESS model 7, and the reliability and validity tests were also conducted. The results show that all hypotheses are supported. Perceived usefulness influences customer satisfaction and customer loyalty positively. Then, customer satisfaction and perceived ease of use can work well as the mediator and moderator. These results contribute to the strategy formulation for business sustainability by Grab or other online-based businesses.
Snapchat lenses and body image concerns

Snapchat allows users to apply lenses to photographic content, with these lenses often enhancing physical appearance. This may lead users to adopt unrealistic ideals of physical appearance. In a two-part study with college students, this investigation explored associations between general use of Snapchat lenses and body image concerns, and experimentally examined how taking selfies with Snapchat lenses influences appearance satisfaction. Taking more photos using Snapchat lenses, in general, was associated with greater body image concerns. However, there was little experimental evidence indicating that taking selfies with lenses influences state appearance satisfaction relative to an appearance-neutral control. There was no evidence of gender moderation. Notably, taking more selfies without lenses until reaching one satisfactory for posting on social media was associated with greater body image concerns.
Mental Models of a Mobile Shoe Rack

Most people do not have direct access to knowledge about the inner workings of robots. Instead, they must develop mental models of the robot, a process that is not well understood. This article presents findings from a long-term, in-the-wild, qualitative, hypothesis-generating study of the mental model formation process. The focus was on how (qualitatively) users form mental models of the robot—specifically its perceptual capabilities, rules of behavior, and communication with other humans. Participants of diverse ages had multiple interactions with the robot over six weeks in a non-laboratory setting. The robot’s rules of behavior were changed every two weeks. A novel, non-anthropomorphic robot was created for the study with a realistic use case: storing people’s shoes during a yoga class. This article reports findings from a case study analysis of 28 interviews conducted over six weeks with six participants. These findings are organized into six topics: (1) variability in the rate at which mental models are updated to be more predictive, (2) types of reasoning and hypothesizing about the robot, (3) borrowing from existing mental models and use of imagination, (4) attributing sensing capabilities where there are no visible sensors, (5) judgments about whether the robot is autonomous or teleoperated, and (6) experimenting with the robot. Specific suggestions for future research are given throughout, culminating in a set of study design recommendations. This work demonstrates the fruitfulness of long-term, in-the-wild studies of human-robot interaction, of which mental model formation is a foundational aspect.
Reseña educativa sobre el papel de las políticas monetarias en la resiliencia económica de Irán y su vulnerabilidad para el auge de la producción

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el papel de las políticas monetarias (MP) en la resiliencia económica (RE) y la vulnerabilidad de Irán para el auge de la producción. Al hacerlo, se utilizaron los datos de Irán para el período 2017-2018. Se utilizó un método generalizado de momentos (GMM) para analizar los datos, y todos los análisis se realizaron con el software Eviews10. Los resultados indican que el PM y la política fiscal han afectado el índice ER de Irán, por lo que se sugiere que el gobierno allane el camino para fortalecer la resiliencia del país mejorando la eficiencia del sistema monetario y financiero del país. Los resultados indicaron que el MP y la política fiscal habían afectado a Irán, por lo que se sugiere que los responsables de la política económica del país intenten diseñar mecanismos de alerta para tomar medidas en la primera oportunidad para resolver la discrepancia en caso de cualquier inconsistencia en las políticas monetarias y fiscales que hacer al país más vulnerable. Finalmente, los resultados indicaron que el PM y la política fiscal habían afectado el índice ER neto de Irán; por lo tanto, se recomienda que los funcionarios monetarios y financieros del país especifiquen índices financieros como el estado presupuestario del gobierno e índices monetarios como la liquidez y tengan en cuenta las consecuencias de estas políticas en la RE neta del país.
Thin Endometrium and Cleavage Embryo Transfer Are Associated With Ectopic Pregnancy After in Vitro Fertilization‑embryo Transfer Cycles: a Matched Case–control Study Using Propensity Score Matching

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the endometrial features (endometrial thickness(EMT), pattern and endometrium growth amplitude and rate) and the embryo stage transferred and ectopic pregnancy after IVF-ET based on the data of 628 matched cases. Methods: This was a 1:1 matched case-control study that enrolled 314 EP patients and 314 matched IUP patients from the ART center of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2014 to April 2020. Univariate analysis and multiple-stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of EP, and a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to predict EP. Results: 1. The EP group had a higher cleavage stage embryo transfer rate(94.57% vs 86.22%), a thinner endometrium on transformation day(the day when progesterone was added in the frozen embryo cycle or the trigger day in the fresh embryo cycle) (9.40(2.60) mm vs 9.80(2.60)mm) compared with IUP group. In fresh embryo cycles, the EP group had a higher endometrium pattern C proportion on transformation day, a smaller endometrium increment, and a slower endometrial growth rate compared with the IUP group. 2.The ROC curves were used to analyze the cut-off values of the EMT on transformation day, the endometrial growth amplitude and rate in fresh cycles, the results were 9.35mm, 4.90mm and 0.491 mm/d, respectively. The incidence of EP was significantly different between groups according to cut-off values. 3.The transferred embryo stage and EMT on transformation day were independent factors affecting outcome in the general population. The area under the curve(AUC) of the EMT and the stage of embryos transferred for EP prediction was 0.604, sensitivity was 0.702, and specificity was 0.465. The EMT on trigger day was an independent factor affecting outcome in the fresh cycles. The AUC of the EMT for EP prediction in fresh cycles was 0.605, sensitivity was 0.805, and specificity was 0.420. Conclusions: 1. Transferring cleavage stage embryo, and thin EMT on the transformation day were risk factors for EP. 2. Thin EMT and pattern C on transformation day may be related to abnormal endometrial receptivity and endometrial peristaltic waves. 3.The combined indicator of EMT and embryonic development stage could not well predict the occurrence of EP after ET.
Sludge Removal from Some Wastewater Stabilization Ponds

The study of sludge accumulation in the first ponds of 12 treatment plants under oceanic climate showed a mean rate of accumulation of 2.8 cm per year corresponding to 0.12 m3 of sludge per inhabitant per year. Desludging was required about operation periods of 6 or 7 years. Sludge removal by pumping after or without emptying water is the most convenient and with a mean cost of 40FF per m3 the cheapest method. Mean desludging cost is eight times lower than mean investment cost. With regard to their agronomic characteristics stabilization pond sludges have a low fertilizer value because of their long maturation time.
Revealing the hidden structure of physiological states during metacognitive monitoring in collaborative learning

Using hidden Markov models (HMM), the current study looked at how learners' metacognitive monitoring is related to their physiological reactivity in the context of collaborative learning. The participants ( N = 12, age 16 – 17 years, three females and nine males) in the study were high school students enrolled in an advanced physics course. The results show that during collaborative learning, the students engaged in monitoring in each self-regulated learning phase such as task understanding, planning and goal setting, task enactment, adaptation and reflection. The results of the HMM indicated that the learners' physiological reactivity was low when monitoring occurred. The associations between the states based on the HMM provide insights not only into how learners engage in metacognitive monitoring but also about their level of physiological reactivity in each state. In conclusion, exploring aspects of metacognitive monitoring in collaborative learning can be done with the help of physiological reactions.
Understanding Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Access Backpackers’ Intention in Self-Service Travel Websites

By using Web 2.0, backpackers can easily collect travel information and plan their trips. In this study, the theory of planned behavior and the technology acceptance model were integrated with interpersonal influence, electronic word-of-mouth, flexibility, personal innovativeness, and critical mass to measure their effects on behavioral intentions toward self-service travel. A sample of 284 questionnaires was collected via an online survey. The results indicated that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control had significant effects on backpackers’ behavioral intentions. In addition, the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and flexibility of travel websites had significant effects on attitudes toward a given behavior. Moreover, the effects of electronic word-of-mouth, critical mass, and interpersonal influence on subjective norms, and those of self-efficacy and facilitating conditions on perceived behavioral control were significant. Based on these empirical results, theoretical and practical implications for promoting self-service travel websites are proposed.