Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ruling but not Governing: Tutelary Regimes and the Case of Myanmar

Abstract The article sheds light on tutelary regimes, which have so far been left out in the discussion of contemporary authoritarian regimes. It uses a configurative approach to conceptualize tutelary regimes according to the three dimensions of tutelary interference, electoral competitiveness and civil liberties. Tutelary interference is conceived of as a spectrum of possible and not mutually exclusive roles which tutelary powers perform – depending on their position in the political system. Empirically, the article uses a case study of Myanmar's tutelary regime to illustrate how the armed forces’ institutionalized powers and prerogatives have helped the country evade substantial democracy. The results show a high degree of regime heterogeneity, with a functioning electoral regime in place but substantial weaknesses in civil liberties. Both are (partly) rooted in the tutelary interference of the military, which is pervasive. The military's position straitjackets the government; the military vetoes certain policies and structural reforms and guards the political system and its prerogatives from a position of strength. Politicians have so far not come up with successful strategies to bring the military under civil control.
Using Spatial Validity and Uncertainty Metrics to Determine the Relative Suitability of Alternative Suites of Oceanographic Data for Seabed Biotope Prediction. A Case Study from the Barents Sea, Norway

The use of habitat distribution models (HDMs) has become common in benthic habitat mapping for combining limited seabed observations with full-coverage environmental data to produce classified maps showing predicted habitat distribution for an entire study area. However, relatively few HDMs include oceanographic predictors, or present spatial validity or uncertainty analyses to support the classified predictions. Without reference studies it can be challenging to assess which type of oceanographic model data should be used, or developed, for this purpose. In this study, we compare biotope maps built using predictor variable suites from three different oceanographic models with differing levels of detail on near-bottom conditions. These results are compared with a baseline model without oceanographic predictors. We use associated spatial validity and uncertainty analyses to assess which oceanographic data may be best suited to biotope mapping. Our results show how spatial validity and uncertainty metrics capture differences between HDM outputs which are otherwise not apparent from standard non-spatial accuracy assessments or the classified maps themselves. We conclude that biotope HDMs incorporating high-resolution, preferably bottom-optimised, oceanography data can best minimise spatial uncertainty and maximise spatial validity. Furthermore, our results suggest that incorporating coarser oceanographic data may lead to more uncertainty than omitting such data.
Enhancing the Sense of Community Through Interaction in a Global Online Course

The purpose of this study was to investigate what types of interactions promote students’ sense of community in a global online course. This design-based research study was aimed at finding out practical principles to help students develop a sense of community and have a meaningful learning experience. A total of 82 students participated in the study. Data were collected and analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods during three design-based research cycles. These analyses produced six qualitatively different categories that were completed with questionnaire data. To meet the goals of the design-based research, this study produced an online higher education course and design principles, as well as deepened our theoretical understanding of the sense of community in online learning.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF ROD-AIRFOIL CONFIGURATION AEROACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS USING FFOWCS-WILLIAMS-HAWKINGS EQUATIONS

The rod-airfoil configuration is a fundamental study to understand sound generation processes and the acoustic phenomena in the application of turbines, fans, and airfoils. In the present research, the noise that is originated by the rod-airfoil configuration is examined using numerical methods which are Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models, coupled with an FFOWCS-WILLIAMSHAWKINGS (FW-H) technique. For the RANS method, k-ω SST and Spalart Allmaras (S-A) turbulence models are utilized in order to investigate the capability of different models for the analysis of the aeroacoustic flow field. The ANSYS FLUENT solver is chosen to carry out the numerical simulations. The examined rod and chord diameter Reynolds numbers are 48000 and 480000, respectively and the Mach number is 0.2. Results are obtained for both in the near field and acoustic far-field. The obtained numerical results are verified with an experimental study from the literature, and the results of both approaches are compared with each other and the experiment. Comparisons are performed for mean velocity profiles in the rod and airfoil wakes, pressure spectra and power spectral density. The results obtained show that LES is preferable for this problem as it is capable of capturing the flow separation, reattachments, vortex street, and various length scales of turbulence. Although both RANS and LES methods provide a consistent flow field with experimental methods, the RANS approach overestimates the vortex shedding frequency and Strouhal number. The RANS model predicts the flow field well; however, it overestimates the noise spectra. The LES model predicts satisfactory acoustic spectra.
CORTICAL TENTING TECHNIQUE FOR VERTICAL AUGMENTATION OF ATROPHIC POSTERIOR PART OF THE MANDIBLE (CLINICAL TRIAL)

INTRODUCTION: The progressive decrease in the alveolar bone volume after tooth loss impedes the use of dental implants for rehabilitation of edentulous regions. This fact is of utmost significance in the posterior areas of mandible, where the presence of inferior alveolar nerve further complicates the proper insertion of dental implants. Considering the drawbacks of the non-reconstructive treatment options, restoring deficits of alveolar ridges by reconstructive procedures might still be more practicable, despite the invasiveness. The majority of reconstructive techniques involve a process of bone grafting and vertical ridge augmentation. Cortical tenting technique is used for vertical ridge augmentation and can achieve a good degree of success. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of cortical tenting technique in vertical ridge augmentation of atrophic posterior mandibles. METHODS: The study was made on ten patients with atrophic posterior part of the mandible. In each one of them, the atrophic alveolar ridge will be treated with cortical tenting technique. Bone height over the mandibular canal was measured on Standardized CBCT scans taken preoperatively (base line), and 1 week and 4 months postoperatively and bone density was measured at grafted area 4 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The average final bone gain was 4.540 mm at the end of follow up period with 1.700 mm average of graft resorption. Estimated bone density was measured also at grafted area 4 months after surgery with a mean value of 398.59 voxel value (VV). CONCLUSION: The use of cortical block graft taken from the ramus of the mandible to augment vertical bone defect in the posterior of the mandible has significant success rates.
Governance: Exploring the Islamic Approach and its Relevance for the Modern Context

Managing this wealth (amanah) leads to the basic concept of Islamic accountability where proper disclosure and transparency in every business transaction or service is encouraged. This paper attempts to explore the characteristics and application of the principles of Islamic governance. Using qualitative research methods, this study further focuses on trust and accountability with respect to governance mechanisms as required by Islamic principles and in light of today's world affairs. As a doctrinal research, the researcher reviews the relevant literature to identify the main features of government such as shura, caliphate, accountability, transparency, justice and equality as well as the current need for trust in public and private government. The findings of this study are that the Koran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) have provided many guidelines in the field of constitutional affairs that can help the government system. The Qur'an is flexible enough not to mention the details and details that are left for Muslims to formulate according to their particular circumstances. Finally, the aim of this paper is to inform policy makers and practitioners about the main doctrines that have been proposed by the Qur'an and which can be applied for the effective management of our affairs
Enabling genuine participation in co-design with young people with learning disabilities

ABSTRACT This paper shares key learnings and emerging principles on ways of enabling genuine participation from young people with learning disabilities in co-design. Reviewing previous research focusing on co-design with young people and people with learning disabilities, we highlight key gaps including – a lack of approaches engaging young people with learning disabilities throughout a co-design process; and limited examples of genuine participation focusing on lived experience and engagement in creative and conceptual decision-making. We present our work with young people with learning disabilities to design a game-based learning tool, with a focus on the co-design process. The work illustrates a situated, tailored Participatory Design approach for engaging participants across all stages of co-design. Findings highlight the importance of contextual preparation by embedding in situ to support multi-vocal, multi-method engagement; and asset-based narratives to empower young people and support expression of voice, enabling creativity and conceptual decision-making. Synthesising key learnings and reflections, we present emerging principles underpinned by a rights-based ethos, with an emphasis on creating the right conditions and developing capacities to enable genuine participation.
Fling-Step Recovering from Near-Source Waveforms Database

We present an upgraded processing scheme (eBASCO, extended BASeline COrrection) to remove the baseline of strong-motion records by means of a piece-wise linear detrending of the velocity time history. Differently from standard processing schemes, eBASCO does not apply any filtering to remove the low-frequency content of the signal. This approach preserves both the long-period near-source ground-motion, featured by one-side pulse in the velocity trace, and the offset at the end of the displacement trace (fling-step). The software is suitable for a rapid identification of fling-containing waveforms within large strong-motion datasets. The ground displacement of about 600 three-component near-source waveforms has been recovered with the aim of (1) extensively testing the eBASCO capability to capture the long-period content of near-source records, and (2) compiling a qualified strong-motion flat-file useful to calibrate attenuation models for peak ground displacement (PGD), 5% damped displacement response spectra (DS), and permanent displacement amplitude (PD). The results provide a more accurate estimate of ground motions that can be adopted for different engineering purposes, such as performance-based seismic design of structures.
Intimate Partner Abuse Among Rohingya Women and Its Relationship With Their Abilities to Reject Husbands’ Advances to Unwanted Sex

Currently, around a million Rohingya refugees live in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Displacement from homelands and restrictions on movement in the refugee camps may exacerbate intimate partner abuse (IPA) against refugee women and their abilities to reject husbands’ advances to unwanted sex. This study examines Rohingya refugee women’s attitudes toward and experience of intimate partner abuse (IPA) and their impact on the abilities to reject husbands’ advances to unwanted sex. A survey was conducted among Rohingya refugee women in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Women’s attitudes toward IPA, and experience of IPA were the exposure variables. Women’s abilities to say “no” to husbands’ advances to unwanted sexual intercourse was the outcome variable. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships. Participants’ median age was 22 years (range: 13-41). Most women perceived hitting/beatings by their husbands in certain situations as justifiable, 72% had experienced such abuse and 56.5% had to engage in unwanted sexual intercourse with their husbands. Women with increasing leniency towards hitting/beatings and those who had experienced such abuse were less likely to be able to say “no” to husbands’ advances to unwanted sexual intercourse. Rohingya women’s attitudes toward and experience of IPA are associated with their abilities to say “no” to husbands’ advances to unwanted sex. Intervention is needed to denormalize the current practice of IPA, create awareness against IPA, and ensure formal education for girls.
Bioremediation Potential of Streptomyces sp. MOE6 for Toxic Metals and Oil

Toxic metal contamination has serious effects on human health. Crude oil that may contain toxic metals and oil spills can further contaminate the environment and lead to increased exposure. This being the case, we chose to study the bio-production of inexpensive, environmentally safe materials for remediation. Streptomyces sp. MOE6 is a Gram-positive, filamentous bacterium from soil that produces an extracellular polysaccharide (MOE6-EPS). A one-factor-at-a-time experiments showed that the maximum production of MOE6-EPS was achieved at 35 °C, pH 6, after nine days of incubation with soluble starch and yeast extract as carbon sources and the latter as the nitrogen source. We demonstrated that MOE6-EPS has the capacity to remove toxic metals such as Co(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and U(VI) and from solution either by chelation and/or reduction. Additionally, the bacterium was found to produce siderophores, which contribute to the removal of metals, specifically Fe(III). Additionally, purified MOE6-EPS showed emulsifying activities against various hydrophobic substances, including olive oil, corn oil, benzene, toluene and engine oil. These results indicate that EPS from Streptomyces sp. MOE6 may be useful to sequester toxic metals and oil in contaminated environments.
Differences in Response of Butterfly Diversity and Species Composition in Urban Parks to Land Cover and Local Habitat Variables

Background and Objectives: As urbanisation is a significant global trend, there is a profound need for biodiversity protection in urban ecosystems. Moreover, the potential of urban green space to support urban biodiversity should be appreciated. Butterflies are environmental indicators that are sensitive to urbanisation. Therefore, it is important to identify butterfly distribution patterns and the factors influencing butterfly diversity and species composition in urban parks within cities. Research Highlights: To our knowledge, ours is the first study evaluating the effects of both land cover and local habitat features on butterfly species composition in urban parks of Beijing, China. Materials and Methods: In this study, we surveyed butterfly richness and abundance in 28 urban parks in Beijing, China. The parks differed in age and location in the urban area. Meanwhile, we investigated the green space in the surroundings of the parks at multi-spatial scales at the landscape level. We also investigated local park characteristics including the age of the park (Age), perimeter/area ratio of the park (SQPRA), area of the park (ha) (Area), green space cover within the park (Greenp), nectar plant species richness (Necpl), abundance of flowering nectar plants (Necabu) and overall plant species richness (Pl). Generalised linear models (GLMs) and redundancy discriminant analysis (RDA) were applied to relate butterfly diversity and butterfly species composition to environmental variables, respectively. Results: We recorded 3617 individuals belonging to 26 species from July to September in 2019. Parks on the city fringe had significantly higher butterfly diversity. Butterfly species richness was mostly related to total plant richness. The abundance of flowering nectar plants was closely linked to butterfly abundance. Land cover had little impact on butterfly diversity and community structure in urban parks. Conclusions: Once a park has sufficient plants and nectar resources, it becomes a useful haven for urban butterflies, regardless of the surrounding land cover. Well-planned urban parks focused on local habitat quality support butterfly conservation.
Research of a conical pneumatic grain separator with a device for forced light fraction removal

The article studies a modernized conical air grain separator. It describes modern agricultural production and post-harvest grain processing in the north of Omsk region. The need for using new farm developments for cleaning grain is substantiated. The design of a modernized conical air grain separator is described. The modernization concerns the accelerated efficient removal of light impurities. Some modes of the system of forced removal of light fraction are effective when cleaning grain from light impurities using a conical air separator. The loss of high-grade grain may increase. To test the consistency of the hypothesis, two series of experiments were carried out. During the first series, the field of air flow velocities was investigated. It resembles a downward convex figure associated with the loss of air friction against the walls. During the second series, experiments on cleaning grain from impurities with the participation of a system for removing light impurities were conducted. A classic experiment with a conical air separator and a working system for removing light impurities was carried out and its results were processed. It was found that the height of the probe rise above the edge of the conical air separator, equal to 20 mm, gives the highest result when removing light impurities. The processes were interpreted and the results obtained were analyzed. A comparison of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the modernized separator with those of the classical one was carried out. It was found that the system of forced removal of light impurities is efficient: with fixed separation completeness, the performance of the separator increases 1.6 times.
Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis and associated risk factors among patients living in Valle du Kou in Burkina Faso one year after treatment

In Burkina Faso, most reported Schistosoma infections are related to urinary schistosomiasis and focus on school-aged children. Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis and associated risk factors among patients in “Vallee du Kou” in Burkina Faso one year after treatment with praziquantel. A longitudinal study involving 980 participants of both sexes aged 6 to 80 years living in “Vallee du Kou” was carried out from February 2007 to March 2008. The participants were requested to answer to a questionnaire based on their activities and hygiene practices. At the inclusion time and during follow-up visits (1.5, 3, 6 and 12 months), stool samples were collected. Schistosoma eggs in stools were detected using the Kato-Katz test method. Patients with stool-egg-positives were treated with a single oral dose of 40 mg/kg praziquantel. Among the 980 participants enrolled, the median age was 18 years, with a minimum age of 6 and a maximum age of 80 and 57.35% were male. At baseline and at follow-up after treatment, a successive decrease in prevalence was observed from 23.10 to 13.43% at 1.5 months and to 7.42% at 3 months, with a slight recrudescence to 8.69% at six months and to 11.46% at 12 months. Swimming, an age of 6-13 years, residence, contact with a river, and defecation in an open field were the main risk factors found to be statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of Schistosoma mansoni. This study showed that one year after treatment with praziquantel, the overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection decreased. The mainly risk factors associated with infection were participant activities, residence and lack of hygiene. Key words: Schistosoma mansoni, stools, Kato–Katz, praziquantel, prevalence, risk factors.
What has changed with neural machine translation? A critical review of human factors

ABSTRACT In recent years, the push towards automation and translation productivity led to great efforts dedicated to the development of machine translation (MT) systems. Neural machine translation (NMT) represents the latest of these efforts. In this paper we present a critical review of human factors in NMT research with two goals: to provide a snapshot of research in NMT involving human stakeholders, and to appraise how professional translators have been included in discourses around NMT. We report four key findings. First, from translators’ perspective, changes brought about by the neural paradigm are not as much to do with workflows, but rather with the NMT editing process and its specifics. Second, the majority of NMT research involving human stakeholders is directed towards advancing the state of MT development rather than ensuring the usefulness of NMT as a tool for professionals. Third, the review suggested overall narrow conceptualisations of translation productivity that were often based solely on measures of processing time or throughput. Fourth, it emerged that NMT investigations involving end-users are still relatively scarce. We present and discuss these findings, and make recommendations for future research on topics including the concept of productivity and the role of NMT as a professional tool.
Identification and Ranking of Key Performance Indicators in Building Construction Projects in Kenya

Building construction projects suffer from many dangers such as cost and time overruns. A major reason for the failure of such projects is the lack of measurements of the construction performance. There is usually a disparity of judgment among the stakeholders when it comes to the perception of failure and success of a building construction project because it is based on personal indices. The aim of this study is to identify and rank the key performance indicators in their relative importance as a way to assist in building construction performance. A thorough literature review was conducted and 10 key performance indicators were identified. A questionnaire survey and interviews were used to collect data and the results were analyzed using the analytical hierarchical process, pair-wise comparison. As a result, the highest prioritized key performance indicator was safety, followed by time effectiveness and client satisfaction. The least prioritized key performance indicator was the environmental performance. The results of this paper may serve as a guideline in improving building construction projects.