Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of new direct-acting antiviral drugs on insulin resistance and glycemic control after treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in type 2 diabetic patients

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with diabetes and may worsen glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The benefits of eradicating HCV infection with direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) may go well beyond avoiding the damage caused by chronic liver inflammation, to include declines in glycated hemoglobin percent and other metabolic parameters. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of new DAAs drugs, used for treatment of HCV, on insulin resistance and glycemic control at the end of treatment and 3 months after end of treatment of HCV infection in patient with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) in Damietta Governorate. Patients and methods This study included 75 T2DM patients with chronic HCV infection. Patients were divided according to level of glycosylated hemoglobin percent into three groups. All patients received DAAs and were monitored by A1C%, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, and fasting blood sugar before, at the end of treatment, and 12 week after the end of treatment. Patients were allocated into two groups: the first group included 57 (76%) patients with improved glycemic control (IGC) and the second group included 18 (24%) patients with nonimproved glycemic control (NIGC). Results In IGC group, 45 (78.9%) patients needed to decrease the dose of antidiabetic treatment. There were no significant differences between IGC and NIGC groups regarding sex and liver condition. The percentage of patients with old age, those with positive family history of T2DM, and those with long duration of T2DM were significantly higher in NIGC group compared with IGC. Conclusion Diabetic patients receiving DAAs should be closely monitored during reduction of antidiabetic drugs, especially regarding insulin and sulfonylurea, to avoid hypoglycemic events. Improvement of glycemic control with DAAs is seen more in younger patients without family history of T2DM and short duration of diabetes mellitus.
Determinants of Caregiving Burden and Quality of Life in Caregivers of Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose— A large proportion of disabled stroke survivors live at home and are supported by informal caregivers. Identification of determinants of caregiver burden will help to target caregiver interventions. Methods— Data on patient, caregiver, and health and social support characteristics were collected prospectively over 1 year in 232 stroke survivors in a randomized trial of caregiver training. The contribution of these variables to caregiver burden score (CBS) and quality of life (QOL) measures at 3 months and 1 year was analyzed using regression models. Results— Stroke patients had a mean age of 74±11 years, and 120 (52%) were men. The mean age of caregivers was 65.7±12.5 years, 149 (64%) were females, and 116 (50%) had received caregiver training. The mean CBS was 48±13 and 38±11 (score range of bad to good 88 to 22) and QOL score was 75±16 and 75±15 (score range of bad to good 0 to 100) at 3 months and 1 year, respectively. CBS and QOL correlated with each other and with patient (age.
Serum and Urinary Levels of Micronutrients in Women with Preeclampsia

Introduction: Preeclampsia is the most common cause of prenatal and maternal mortality worldwide and the second most common cause of maternal death in Iran. Deficiency of some trace elements such as zinc, calcium and magnesium in pregnant women may play a role in preeclampsia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure serum and urinary levels of zinc, calcium and magnesium in preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This crosssectional study was performed on 100 pregnant women (at second trimester of pregnancy) referred to the gynecology clinic of Sayyad Shirazi hospital in Gorgan, Iran, during 2014-15. The subjects were divided into a preeclampsia group (N=50) and an age-matched healthy control group (N=50). Serum and urinary levels of zinc, calcium and magnesium were measured by enzymatic method. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 19) using t-test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Mean serum calcium level in the preeclampsia group (8.17± 0.64mg/dl) was significantly lower than that in the control group (8.70±0.40mg/dl) (P<0.001). Moreover, mean urinary calcium level in the preeclampsia group (222.33± 19.35mg/dl) was significantly higher than that in the control group (158.61± 40.16 mg/dl) (P<0.001). Conclusions: Women with preeclampsia have significantly lower serum calcium level compared to healthy pregnant women, but the level is still within the normal range. Moreover, preeclampsia has no significant effect on the serum zinc and magnesium concentrations. Women with preeclampsia have significantly higher urinary calcium and significantly lower urinary magnesium levels compared to healthy pregnant women.
Stimulation of Bradykinin B1 Receptors Induces Vasodilation in Conductance and Resistance Coronary Vessels in Conscious Dogs

Background—Constitutive bradykinin B1 receptors have been identified in dogs; however, their physiological implications involving the coronary circulation remain to be determined. This study examined, in conscious dogs, the coronary response to des-Arg9-bradykinin (a B1 receptor agonist) and the mechanisms involved. Methods and Results—Eleven dogs were instrumented with a left ventricular micromanometer, a circumflex coronary catheter, a cuff occluder, a Doppler flow probe, and ultrasonic crystals to measure coronary blood flow velocity (CBFv) and coronary diameter (CD). Intracoronary des-Arg9-bradykinin (3 to 100 ng/kg) and bradykinin (0.1 to 10 ng/kg) did not modify systemic hemodynamics but dose-dependently increased CBFv and CD. Des-Arg9-bradykinin was less potent than bradykinin. Hoe 140 (a B2 antagonist, 10 μg/kg) abolished the effects of bradykinin but did not influence the effects of des-Arg9-bradykinin. When CBFv increase was prevented by the cuff occluder, CD responses to bradykinin and des-Arg9.
Assessment of knowledge of ergonomics among preclinical undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study

Background: As there is an increase in issue identified as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the field of dentistry, dental specialists are unconscious of this until the point when they encounter. Hence, it should be included in the curriculum of preclinical undergraduate students to make them aware and to adopt preventive measures to avoid them. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge of ergonomics in preclinical undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: The study conducted was questionnaire based with 100 participants, who are BDS II-year students performing prosthodontics preclinical exercises. The participant was approached through a printed questionnaire which included the purpose of the study followed by informed consent. Results: Our study revealed that students were experiencing pain and discomfort during preclinical exercises. And, they were aware of the fact that it was due to incorrect working postures. However, they did not know the precautionary measures to be taken to avoid this problem, and they were keen in learning the correct working measures. Eighty-five percent of students thought that it should be included in the curriculum, and professors should decide the same. Conclusion: There is a strong relation between the incorrect working posture and the MSDs. As 51% of students experienced pain and discomfort during preclinical classes in our study, it is necessary to include the knowledge of ergonomics in the curriculum and practice of the same.
The Correlation of BRCA 1 Promoter Methylation and Clinicopathological Appearance in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the common cancers in the worldwide. Most of breast cancer are sporadic. BRCA1 expression levels are reduced or totally loss in sporadic breast cancer. BRCA1 promoter methylation as one of the mechanisms to inactivating its function. BRCA1 promoter methylation associated with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), poor prognosis, high grade, negativity of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2). This study aims are to examine prevalence and correlation between BRCA1 promoter methylation and clinicopathology appearance in Indonesian women breast cancer. Subject are women with primary breast cancer and their formalin-fixed paraffin -embedded (FFPE) tumor specimen retrieved. DNA was isolated and subjected to methylation specific PCR(MSPCR). DNA was isolated from primary tumor of 113 samples. Median age at diagnosis was 48 years (with range 28-80 years). Most of them, 67(59,3%) are include in aged categories < 50 years. Incidence BRCA promoter methylation was found 82,3% (93 of 113.) There is significant correlation with BRCA1 promoter methylation with age<50 years old (p-value = 0.038) and Luminal B subtype (p-value = 0.033). Conclusion: BRCA1 promoter methylation in Indonesian women higher than other nations, correlate with younger patient and Luminal B subtype.
Prevalence of internet addiction and its associated factors in hamadan University of medical college students

In the last few years, the use of the Internet has increased dramatically among youth people. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to Internet addiction among Iranian college students. In this crosssectional study, conducted among college students in Hamadan University of medical sciences the west of Iran, during 2011, a total of 300 college students, were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. Participants filled out a standard self-administered questionnaire. The data analyzed were by using SPSS-21 at 95 significant level. 39.6 percent of the students were shown varying degrees of Internet addiction. There was a significant correlation (P <0.05) between sex (boy), marital status (single), live in dormitory and Internet addiction. Based on our findings, Internet addiction is high among Iranian college students.
AN ANALYSIS OF TYPES AND CAUSES OF TRANSLATION ERRORS

Translation is a process of changing an original text from one language into another. Nowadays its role is important in almost every single aspect of human’s life. Since its role becomes more vital, the quality of the result of translation must be qualified as well. Doing translation is not an easy task, it is a combination of skill and art. The translators should have enough knowledge about the important aspects from both source language and target language. However there are still many difficulties appear while doing translation. Those difficulties lead the translators make errors while translating. After reviewing some research conducted, the writer of this research discovers the types of translation errors and the causes which lead the errors done by many translators. The most dominant types of errors in translation experienced by the translators lie in surface structure such as semantic, lexical, morphology, and grammar errors. However another type of errors in translation lies in deep structure which is connected with culture differences between both source and target language. The second discovery is about the causes of errors in translation. The most common causes is lack of knowledge about linguistic aspect of the target language can cause the errors. Another primary factor is the anxiety of the translators themselves causes the errors in translation.
Abstract 2615: Heterogeneity of HER2 expression in gastric cancer (GC) leads to high deviation rates between local and central testing and hampers efficacy of anti-HER2 therapy: Survival results from the VARIANZ study

Background: HER2 is a membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor family. The anti-HER2 directed monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is approved for 1st-line treatment of stage IV HER2+ GC, while other drugs addressing HER2 (pertuzumab, TDM1, lapatinib) failed to improved survival outcomes. Until today, resistance against HER2-directed treatment of GC is poorly understood. The VARIANZ study aims to assess the biologic background of resistance to anti-HER2 therapy in GC. Methods: This academic network study funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01ZX1610E) recruited patients (pts) who received medical treatment for stage IV GC in 34 sites. HER2 expression was verified centrally by two dedicated GI pathologists using immunohistochemistry (DCS, HI608C0I) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (Zytomed Systems, C-3022-40). Treatment and survival outcomes were reported by investigators. Results: 502 pts were enrolled from May 2014 to Oct 2017. At present, 442 samples were fully characterized for HER2. According to criteria from the ToGA study, 73 of 442 samples were found HER2+ in central testing. In 57 samples with a HER2+ status diagnosed by local pathologists, HER2 positivity could not be confirmed centrally. Deviation rate between local and central testing was 23%. Centrally confirmed HER2-positive GC displayed a higher percentage of tumor cells staining positive for HER2 (49.72 ± 28.58% [SD] vs. 11.35 ± 17.74% [SD]; p Conclusions: Variability between local and central HER2 assessment in GC is significant. Pts with centrally unconfirmed HER2+ status have no benefit from anti-HER2 therapy. HER2 status should be assessed in highly qualified laboratories and cut-offs for defining HER2+ should be reconsidered. Alternative treatment options–other than trastuzumab–should be investigated in pts with unconfirmed or borderline HER2 expression. Citation Format: Florian Lordick, Ivonne Haffner, Birgit Luber, Dieter Maier, Elba Raimundez, Jan Hasenauer, Albrecht Kretzschmar, Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal, Miriam Ahlborn, Jorge Riera Knorrenschild, Gabriele Siegler, Beate Rau, Stefan Fuxius, Thomas Decker, Katrin Schierle, Christian Wittekind. Heterogeneity of HER2 expression in gastric cancer (GC) leads to high deviation rates between local and central testing and hampers efficacy of anti-HER2 therapy: Survival results from the VARIANZ study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2615.
Conjugate Eye Deviation in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose—Conjugate eye deviation (CED) occurs frequently in patients with acute stroke. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the factors that correlate with CED as well as the relationship between CED and outcomes in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods—A total of 211 patients with acute supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage were recruited in a multicenter, prospective study. CED was assessed with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale “best gaze” subscore of ≥1. Hematoma location and volume were assessed on CT. Results—Forty-five percent of the patients had CED. On multivariable analysis, right-sided lesion (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.18–4.93), hematoma volume (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04–1.10 per 1 mL), and baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53–0.80 per 1 point) were independently associated with CED. After adjusting for sex, age, intraventricular extension of the hematoma, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, and hematoma volume, the presence of CED bo.
Analysis and design of a subtitling system for ambient intelligence environments

The development of ubiquitous applications for ambient intelligence environments needs to also take into account some usability and accessibility issues in order to ensure a proper user experience and to overcome the existing content access barriers. A proper access to video subtitles, for instance, is not always available due to the technical limitations of traditional video packaging, transmission and presentation. New Web standards enable more featured applications with better multi-platform definition, so they are suitable for building ubiquitous applications for ambient intelligence environments. This work presents a video subtitling system that enables the customization and adaptation of subtitles. The benefits of Web applications compared with device-specific native applications for building the solution as well as its current platform support are analyzed. Finally, three different application use cases are presented.
The Effects of Explicit Intention Communication, Conspicuous Sensors, and Pedestrian Attitude in Interactions with Automated Vehicles

In this paper, we investigate the effect of an external human-machine interface (eHMI) and a conspicuous external vehicle appearance due to visible sensors on pedestrian interactions with automated vehicles (AVs). Recent research shows that AVs may need to explicitly communicate with the environment due to the absence of a driver. Furthermore, in interaction situations, an AV that looks different and conspicuous owing to an extensive sensor system may potentially lead to hesitation stemming from mistrust in automation. Thus, we evaluated in a virtual reality study how pedestrian attitude, the presence/absence of an eHMI, and a conspicuous sensor system affect their willingness to cross the road. Results recommend the use of an eHMI. A conspicuous appearance of automated-driving capability had no effect for the sample as a whole, although it led to more efficient crossing decisions for those with a more negative attitude towards AVs. Our findings contribute towards the effective design of future AV interfaces.
Determinism through Modulation Diversity: Can Combining Multiple IEEE 802.15.4-2015 SUN Modulations Improve Communication Reliability?

The IEEE 802.15. 4-2015 standard includes the SUN (Smart Utility Networks) modulations, i.e., SUN-FSK, SUN-OQPSK and SUN-OFDM, which provide long range communications and allow to trade data rate, occupied bandwidth and reliability. However, given the constraints of low-power devices and the challenges of the wireless channel, communication reliability cannot still meet the PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio) requirements of industrial applications, i.e., PDR>99%. Hence, in this paper we evaluate the benefits of improving communication reliability by combining packet transmissions with modulation diversity using multiple IEEE 802.15. 4g SUN modulations. The results derived from a real-world deployment show that going from 1 to 3 packet transmissions with the same SUN modulation can increase PDR from 85.0/84.6/71.3% to 94.2/94.1/86.0% using SUN-FSK, SUN-OQPSK and SUN-OFDM, respectively. Combining the same number of packet transmissions with modulation diversity allows to further increase the average PDR to 97.1%, indicating its potential as a tool to help meeting the reliability requirements of industrial applications.
Induction of c-fos and c-jun Gene Products and Heat Shock Protein After Brief and Prolonged Cerebral Ischemia in Gerbils

Background and Purpose Proto-oncogene activation and induction of heat shock protein (HSP) occur in response to various stimuli to brain, but the role in neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia remains uncertain. We compared the extent of insults and induction of c-fos and c-jun gene products (c-FOS and c-JUN) as well as HSP in ischemic and postischemic gerbil brains immunohistochemically. Methods Common carotid arteries of Mongolian gerbils were occluded for 5 or 15 minutes and recirculated for 0 minutes to 7 days. Antibodies for c-FOS, c-JUN, and HSP 70 were used for immunohistochemistry, and positive reactions were semiquantitatively analyzed. The presence of ischemic and postischemic lesions was ascertained with an antibody for microtubule-associated proteins. Results After ischemia for 15 minutes and reperfusion, c-FOS was induced promptly after 1 to 6 hours in pyramidal cells of the CA3 and CA4 regions, while c-JUN became visible in the same areas after recirculation for 4 to 48 hours. HSP 70 was .
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES ON METFORMIN: A STUDY FROM NORTHERN REGION OF UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Objectives: This study focused on the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in UAE patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were treated with or without metformin.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 213 patients having diabetes type II were randomly selected to be part of the study in Northern Regions of the UAE, from June 2014 to February 2015. The patients aged >45 years and who had taken metformin for at least 3 months were recruited with regular follow-up at the outpatient clinic. The patients were included in a survey after which they had their serum B12 levels measured. Serum B12 levels <150 pg/ml are defined as the B12 deficiency.Results: About 48% of diabetic patients had confirmed the B12 insufficiency through laboratory tests. The patients on metformin had statistically lower values of B12 (p=0.002). The majority of participants n (%) took metformin had neuropathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, numbness or paresthesia, and depression, or mood changes 140 (70%), 183 (91.5%), 134 (67%), 136 (68%), 161 (80.5%), and 120 (60%), respectively.Conclusion: Our study shows that for the patients with T2DM, long-term treatment with metformin is associated with higher chances of developing Vitamin B12 deficiency. Clinicians should, therefore, recognize this significant element and should screen diabetics who are on metformin treatment for any B12 insufficiency, which may be hidden, especially patients coming with neurologic symptoms.
Subjective cognitive load surveys lead to divergent results for interactive learning media

Cognitive load theory assumes that cognitive demands that arise from the design of learning materials (known as extraneous load ) are major obstacles in the learning process with (digital) media. Interactive digital media allow learners to utilize complex learning materials that respond to user input. However, recent research on cognitive load measurement has led to the question whether different survey instruments produce different measurements for extraneous load generated by interactive learning media. In a laboratory experiment, we investigated this question using digital visualizations. Most importantly, we found that two cognitive load questionnaires revealed divergent results regarding the extraneous load involved in learning with interactive visualizations. This finding indicates that different questionnaires may be needed for different types of tasks in technology-enhanced learning settings. A more fundamental implication is that there needs to be greater consideration of different types of extraneous load.