Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF FALL ARMYWORM, SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA, FROM HONDURAS AND MISSISSIPPI ON SORGHUM OR CORN IN THE LABORATORY

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae from Choluteca, Honduras and Starkville, Mississippi, U.S.A. , were reared on sorghum or corn at 26 or 27@*C and 14 hours of light. Head capsule widths were measured to determine instar change. Larval development time was shorter for insects from Mississippi than insects from Honduras. No difference in development time for larvae in either culture was due to the host plant. The duration of prepupal and pupal stages was not significantly different for any of the treatments. Moths from Mississippi appeared to be more fecund than moths from Honduras, and insects fed corn appeared to be more fecund than those fed sorghum.
Isolation of Glycolipids from the Surface Lipids of Nicotiana bigelovii and Their Distribution in Nicotiana Species(Biological Chemistry)

Sucrose esters and glucose esters consisting of short chain fatty acids are characteristic of tobacco plants.1 ~3) These glycolipids are thought to be the precursors of short chain fatty acids found abundantly in tobacco smoke, especially in oriental tobacco smoke.4) These lipids also have biological activity against insects and plants.1<2) In a previous report weisolated from Nicotiana glutinosa two types of sucrose esters, i.e., (2,3,4-tri-0-acyl)-a-D-glu-
Effects of dietary calcium levels on development, haemolymph and antioxidant status of honey bee (Apis mellifera) larva reared in vitro

In order to find out optimal dietary calcium levels for honey bee larvae reared in vitro, we studied the effects of larvae dietary calcium levels on the haemolymph and antioxidant status, as well as growth and development (weight, pupation and emergence rate) of larvae reared in vitro in different growth stages. Eight diet groups were chosen and one group (control) was fed a basal diet containing 43.99 mg/kg calcium; the other seven groups were fed diets with calcium levels ranging from 93.99 to 393.99 mg/kg. Calcium concentration of the haemolymph of larvae significantly (p < .001) increased with increased dietary calcium. When the dietary calcium levels ranged from 193.99 to 243.99 mg/kg, larvae, pupae and emerged bees had the highest weight, and larvae and pupae had a significantly (p < .05) higher total antioxidative capacity. With calcium from 93.99 to 243.99 mg/kg, larvae had a significantly (p < .001) higher pupation rate. Larvae fed diets with calcium levels at 143.99 and 193.99 mg/kg had a significantly higher emergence rate (p < .001). The lowest malondialdehyde concentration of larvae fed 93.99 mg/kg calcium was . 19 mmol/ml, while that of pupae 143.99 mg/kg calcium was . 15 mmol/ml. We conclude, therefore, that larval dietary calcium levels from 143.99 to 243.99 mg/kg are optimal for larval growth and physiological function.
Cellular electrophysiological and pharmacological measurements on undiseased human myocardium

-L-The steady.state inactivation of I CA -L was determined using a paired-pulse protocol. Test pulses to +5 mV were preceded by a set of prepulses clamped to various voltages between -55 and +15 mV. Peak currents measured after these prepulses were normalized to the peak current measured after the -55-mV prepulse and plotted against the respective prepulse potential. CI2. This can be explained by the interaction of Ba 2+ with IRI currents (43). IR s in cloned human KvLQTl+MinK channels expressed in COS cells revealed similar properties with IRS in undiseased human myocardium, only with slower deactivation. The characteristics of IRS measured in our study show similarities with those reported in dog (45,46) and rabbit (47) hearts.
Distribution and abundance of predators that affect duck production: Prairie Pothole Region

Abstract : During 1983-88, the relative abundance of 18 species and species-groups of mammalian and avian predators affecting duck production in the prairie pothole region was determined in 33 widely scattered study areas ranging in size from 23-26 km2. Accounts of each studied species and species-group include habitat and history, population structure and reported densities, and information on distribution and abundance from the present study Index values of undetected, scarce, uncommon, common, or numerous were used to rate abundance of nearly all species in each study area. Principal survey methods were livetrapping of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and Franklin's ground squirrels (Spermophilus franklinii systematic searches for carnivore tracks in quarter sections (0.65 km2), daily records of sightings of individual predator species, and systematic searches for occupied nests of tree-nesting avian predators. Abundances of predators in individual areas were studied 1-3 years.
Regional disparity in the level of development in West Bengal: A geographical analysis

The present research work makes an attempt to examine the inter district disparities in the levels of socio-economic and demographic development based on thirty three selected variables in West Bengal. The work is dependent on secondary data in the census year 2011. The level of development is examined separately for social, economic and demographic and overall socio economic development. The district of North 24 Parganas (Indices 146.98) was ranked frst and the district of Uttar Dinajpur (Indices 81.90) ranks last in the level of overall socio-economic and demographic development in the state. The wide disparities have been observed in the level of development among different districts of the state.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies in F2 Populations of Rice

This study performed to determine the association between grain yield and yield components in fifty-four selected rice genotypes at F2 populations. Results showed that traits, the panicles per plant (r = 0.751) and filled grains per panicle (r = 0.458) correlated significantly with grain yield, while grain yield was negatively associated with non-filled grains per panicle (-0.297). Path coefficient analysis revealed that grain yield was associated with panicles per plant and filled grains per panicle with the direct effects of 0.691 and 0.568, respectively. The greatest indirect effect belonged to panicle length (0.301) through filled grains per panicle. Stepwise regression analysis showed that 72.1 percent of yield variation could be explained by three characters: the panicles per plant, filled grains per panicle and panicle length. Information obtained in this study revealed that traits, the panicles per plant and filled grains per panicle, could be used as selection criteria for grain yield improvement at segregating populations of rice.
Undergraduate Nursing Students Perception on the Implementation of Curriculum based Competency

: Competency based curriculum is a curriculum developed based on the element of competence that can help students to achieve the highest competency profile as a nurse graduate. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the undergraduate nursing student’s perception about the implementation of competency based curriculum at their faculty. Descriptive quantitative design was used for this study, with cross sectional approach. Sample included in this study were 382 and data collection using questionnaire sheet and analyzed by using descriptive analytic. Result of research: 372 respondents (97,4%) apply small group discussion method is well, 318 respondents (83,2%) apply role-play and simulation method is well, 329 respondents (86,1%) apply collaborative learning method is well, 367 respondents (96.1%) apply problem-based learning/inquiry method is well, 361 respondents (94,5%) apply self-directed learning method is well. It is recommended to the nursing curriculum education unit to continue developing the competency based curriculum method based on the National Qualification Framework (NQF) of Indonesia so as to the process of achieving graduates who can compete in the workplace.
Evolutionary Genetics Of The Family Placobranchidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa)

vi Overview 1 Chapter 1: Phylogenetic Relationships Within The Family Placobranchidae 5 Introduction 5 Materials and Methods 9 Results 16 Variation at the individual level 16 Saturation tests for protein coding genes 17 Divergence levels 18 Phylogeny 20 Nucleotide substitution patterns and relative rates 21 Total evidence phylogeny 22 Discussion 27 Divergence levels among taxonomic categories and within species variation 27 Phylogeny of the Placobranchidae and associated families 29 Gene performance in phylogenetic reconstruction 31 References 33 Chapter 2: Evidence of Increased Cladogenesis in the Family Placobranchidae 65 Introduction 65 Materials and Methods 67 Results 72 Character tracing 73 Lineages through time 75 Discussion 75 References 82
Impact of maternal egg size and restricted feeding regime on some growth characterizes of broilers reared under humid tropical environment.

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different egg size from which birds are hatched have on their performance in terms of their growth traits and also to examine the effect of feeding regimen on the performance of Anak Titan broilers in a CRD study. The feeding regimes were adlibitum (AL) and restricted feeding. (RF) The growth traits measured were feed intake (FI) body weight (BW), thigh length (TL), shank length (SL), breast length (BL) and body girth (BG) fortnightly. Efficiency of production was also evaluated using weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. Result showed that the egg size may affect the growth traits in that birds in group C (63-68g) with higher initial weight out performed that of B (58-62g) and A (50-57g), in terms of final body weight and most of the other growth parameters studied although there were no significant difference (P<0.05) between these three groups. Body weights at 9th week for birds in A, B and C groups were 1386.59g, 1426.50g and 1521.05g respectively. The feeding regimes employed significantly (p<0.05) affected the performance of the broilers of combined egg size with the adlibitum group being significantly (p<0.05) higher in values than birds on the restricted feeding group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the interaction between birds of different egg size and feeding regimes. There was a high significant (p<0.05) correlation between body weight and all other growth traits throughout the study period. It is recommended that birds with egg weight range of 63-68g with high initial body weight and subsequent high performance under ad-libitum feeding should be adopted with occasioned restricted feeding to prevent wastage.
Environmental Factors Affecting Germination of Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum)

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of various factors on germination of tropical soda apple. Tropical soda apple seed were found to be moderately photoblastic with 30% germination occurring in the dark. Germination increased in response to green (545 nm) and red light (650 nm) to 75 and 66%, respectively, indicating phytochrome regulation. No germination occurred in response to blue (450 nm) and far-red light (750 nm). Germination increased from 4 to 64% between 10 to 30 C, but no germination was found at 5 and 40 C. Maximum germination occurred at 30 C. A second degree polynomial (Y= −48.7 + 7.9X – 0.2X2, R2 = 0.76) best fit the data. Seed germinated over a broad range of pH (2 to 14) with the highest germination occurring at pH 8 and no germination occurring at pH 2 and 14 (Y = −63.3 + 30.5X – 1.9X2, R2 = 0.95). Seed germination declined as osmotic potential increased from 0 to −1.0 MPa (Y = 76.7 – 12.9X + 5.2X2, R2 = 0.87). Seedling emergence was maximum from depth of 3 to 6 cm, but no seedling emergence occurred when seed were planted below 12 cm (Y = 10.2 + 17.8X – 1.6X2, R2 = 0.93). Optimum germination occurred at a depth of 5.6 cm. Mechanical and sulfuric acid scarification increased the rate of germination but not the overall percentage. Tap water or hot water increased the rate of germination 26% and KNO3, GA3, or ethephon increased it 53%. Tropical soda apple seed germinated in response to variable environmental and edaphic conditions which could allow establishment in diverse ecosystems.
Changing coasts: marine aliens and artificial structures

Marine aliens are non-native species that have been transported across major geographical barriers by human activities, involving vectors that move propagules along pathways. Species may also be newly observed in a geographical area due to range shifts, generally in association with climate change. Artificial structures are considered to be either man-made materials or natural materials shaped or displaced to serve a specific function for human activities. All types of artificial structures are currently increasing dramatically in coastal zones due to increasing human populations on coastlines. Most of the significant marine vectors and pathways involve mobile artificial structures and are reviewed here. These include shipping (ballast water and hull fouling) and aquaculture, including stock transfer and unintentional introductions, all of which can move species into new biogeographical provinces. Some types of structures frequently move long distances but have low fouling loads (e.g., commercial shipping), whereas others (e.g., barges and pontoons) can be hyperfouled due to long stationary periods such that when moved they transport mature fouling communities. We also examine the presence of alien marine species on static (immobile) artificial structures, which support different communities from those on natural hard substrata. We consider the role of these structures, such as coastal defences, artificial reefs, and offshore platforms, in the dispersal and abundance of alien species. Marinas include both mobile and immobile structures and are apparently particularly favourable habitats for many aliens. For example, in coastal North America approximately 90% of the alien species inhabiting hard substrata have been reported from docks and marinas. Detailed case studies of alien marine species (two seaweeds and four invertebrates) are provided, with an analysis of their origin, vectors of transport, habitat in the introduced range, and potential impact. Although there are exceptions, a large majority of marine alien species seem to be associated, at least for some of the time, with artificial structures. It is clear that artificial structures can pave the way and act as stepping stones or even corridors for some marine aliens, as do urban areas, roads and riparian environments in terrestrial ecosystems. The observed acceleration of spread rates for marine invasions over the course of the last two centuries may partly be a result of the increase of artificial structures in coastal environments coupled with greater activity of vectors.
Recruitment to the colony and other aspects of the biology of the kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla (L.))

This study was initiated to examine the methods and biology of recruitment to the breeding group in the Kittiwake. Long-term changes in the population biology are presented for the history of the colony (1949 to 1984). Mortality rates of adults were particularly high in the early 1970's; concurrently recruitment rates increased, age of first breeding declined, and the body weights of recruits decreased in order to compensate. A model of colony growth is presented which shows that small colonies are proportionately more attractive to recruits in that they have higher rates of increase and recruitment. The North Shields colony followed the expected pattern of growth for 17 years. Evidence presented shows that nest sites at North Shields were then socially limited; there were physically available sites which were not used. In consequence of the social structure of the colony, there was a pool of potential recruits which were temporarily restricted from breeding. Recruits (Kittiwakes breeding for the first time) were at least three years old, were present at the colony as prospectors in at least one year prior to breeding, and arrived by early May in the year of first breeding. The attendance of recruits at the colony in May was more than three times that of prospectors, and recruits had higher body weights. These prerequisites separated recruits from prospectors, but there was further selection at the time of recruitment. Kittiwakes preferred to nest as close as possible to other nesting pairs, but aggression forced a compromise. High quality birds chose sites close to other birds and did better reproductively. Thus individual quality segregated recruits on the basis of their ability to compete for sites in dense areas; some Kittiwakes deliberately waited for aggression from established breeders to decline in order to take up preferred sites. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of the buffering effect of the pool of non-breeders on the size of the breeding group, and individual differences in quality.
Weight changes and wing moult in the Red-billed Teal

The male Red-billed Teal Anas erythrorhyncha is longer-winged and heavier than the female but the data overlap. At Lochinvar National Park in Zambia, mean weight, reserves of abdominal fat and population size were minimal in February, during the breeding season (though none bred locally), and greatest between June and September, during the post-nuptial moult. In the moult of 1973 females probably lost 21% of their pre-moult weight, but males only 11%. It is suggested that weight loss is normally adaptive and not due to stress and allows birds to fly before the growth of the remiges is completed.
Movements and burrow use by platypuses, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, in the Thredbo River, New South Wales

During studies of temperature regulation in 1981 and 1988/89, 11 males and 16 female platypuses were captured in the lower Thredbo River, with 30% of these being recaptured. Eight animals were followed for several days using radiotelemetry, with five being monitored remotely over 2 to 5 months. Although short-term radiotracking showed that most animals foraged wthin I km of where they were caught, one individual moved 1. 3 km in 36 hours and four others ranged over 1. 3 - 2.3 km during the study. Males appeared to be more mobile than females. Implications of these results for mark and recapture studies are discussed. Individuals occupied a number of burrows during the study. One burrow complex was occupied simultaneously by two adult males and, at a different time, by two adult females. Animals rested in burrows for between 5.25 and 15.1 hours at a time and most emerged between the hours of 1815 and 2100.
Prevalence of Cardiac Disorders in Canines-A Clinical Study

The aimed study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiac disorders in canines based on clinical presentation, laboratory, electrocardiographic, radiographic, two dimensional echocardiography, M-mode echocardiography and color flow doppler. The overall prevalence of cardiac disorders in dogs was 1.77% and it was 56.21% among dogs exhibiting clinical manifestations suggestive of heart disease. The highest prevalence was recorded in male, Labrador retriever between 510 years of age and lowest in female, Dachshund less than 5 years of age. Exercise intolerance and cough were the significant clinical manifestations. On radiography, cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema were the major findings observed of electrocardiography, elevated R wave was the significant observation. Echocardiography revealed dilated cardiomyopathy, an acquired heart disease as more prevalent cardiac disorder in canines.
Unexpectedly high 20th century floristic losses in a rural landscape in northern France

1 Resurveys of regional floras allow assessment of long‐term floristic change and to pinpoint driving forces behind these changes. Causes of floristic decline derived from such resurveys depend on the considered landscape, but are often associated with human activities especially in urbanized areas. Much could be learned from comparisons of contrasting landscapes. 2 Vascular plant abundance categories from a detailed, late 19th century flora were matched with distribution data from a late 20th century plant database in a rural area (Thiérache; 1673 km2) in northern France. Floristic change was characterized both in absolute numbers of extinct and extant species and by a measure for relative change in range size. Knowledge of land use changes and ecological correlates of floristic change permitted the causes for species change to be inferred and to identify which traits are associated with species vulnerability. Extinction rates were compared with similar studies from contrasting landscapes, taking into account the negative relationship between standardized extinction rates and log‐transformed size of the study area. 3 Of the 959 species from the historical list, 186 (19.4%) may be considered regionally extinct. Most extinct species were already rare historically. Differences among habitats indicated strong declines for aquatic species and arable weeds and least change for forest species. Percentage species loss per year in Thiérache equalled 0.22, which was higher than two other similar sized predominantly rural landscapes. 4 Across the main habitat groups, relative species decline was always associated with relatively higher stress tolerance and lower competitiveness and biased towards therophytes. The main causes of species decline were management intensification, eutrophication, secondary succession in semi‐natural open habitats and land use change. 5 Synthesis. Rural landscapes with no population density increase, no urbanization and a stable landscape configuration are believed to be less vulnerable; yet, on a relatively short time scale, without nature conservation measures, these landscapes may suffer strong species loss comparable to that in urbanized landscapes. Effective management of landscapes for biodiversity conservation whether they are urbanized or rural requires the development of a network of nature reserves.