Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the first δ Sct–roAp hybrid pulsator and the stability of p and g modes in chemically peculiar A/F stars

Abstract Strong magnetic fields in chemically peculiar A-type (Ap) stars typically suppress low-overtone pressure modes (p modes) but allow high-overtone p modes to be driven. KIC 11296437 is the first star to show both. We obtained and analysed a Subaru spectrum, from which we show that KIC 11296437 has abundances similar to other magnetic Ap stars, and we estimate a mean magnetic field modulus of 2.8 ± 0.5 kG. The same spectrum rules out a double-lined spectroscopic binary, and we use other techniques to rule out binarity over a wide parameter space, so the two pulsation types originate in one δ Sct–roAp hybrid pulsator. We construct stellar models depleted in helium and demonstrate that helium settling is second to magnetic damping in suppressing low-overtone p modes in Ap stars. We compute the magnetic damping effect for selected p and g modes, and find that modes with frequencies similar to the fundamental mode are driven for polar field strengths ≲ 4 kG, while other low-overtone p modes are driven for polar field strengths up to ∼1.5 kG. We find that the high-order g modes commonly observed in γ Dor stars are heavily damped by polar fields stronger than 1–4 kG, with the damping being stronger for higher radial orders. We therefore explain the observation that no magnetic Ap stars have been observed as γ Dor stars. We use our helium-depleted models to calculate the δ Sct instability strip for metallic-lined A (Am) stars, and find that driving from a Rosseland mean opacity bump at ∼5 × 104 K caused by the discontinuous H-ionization edge in bound-free opacity explains the observation of δ Sct pulsations in Am stars.
Vulnerability-Aware Poisoning Mechanism for Online RL with Unknown Dynamics

Poisoning attacks, although have been studied extensively in supervised learning, are not well understood in Reinforcement Learning (RL), especially in deep RL. Prior works on poisoning RL usually either assume the attacker knows the underlying Markov Decision Process (MDP), or directly apply the poisoning methods in supervised learning to RL. In this work, we build a generic poisoning framework for online RL via a comprehensive investigation of heterogeneous types/victims of poisoning attacks in RL, considering the unique challenges in RL such as data no longer being i.i. d. Without any prior knowledge of the MDP, we propose a strategic poisoning algorithm called Vulnerability-Aware Adversarial Critic Poison (VA2C-P), which works for most policy-based deep RL agents, using a novel metric, stability radius in RL, that measures the vulnerability of RL algorithms. Experiments on multiple deep RL agents and multiple environments show that our poisoning algorithm successfully prevents agents from learning a good policy, with a limited attacking budget. Our experiment results demonstrate varying vulnerabilities of different deep RL agents in multiple environments, benefiting the understanding and applications of deep RL under security threat scenarios.
Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network for Recommendation

The prosperous development of e-commerce has spawned diverse recommendation systems. As a matter of fact, there exist rich and complex interactions among various types of nodes in real-world recommendation systems, which can be constructed as heterogeneous graphs. How learn representative node embedding is the basis and core of the personalized recommendation system. Meta-path is a widely used structure to capture the semantics beneath such interactions and show potential ability in improving node embedding. In this paper, we propose Heterogeneous Graph neural network for Recommendation (HGRec) which injects high-order semantic into node embedding via aggregating multi-hops meta-path based neighbors and fuses rich semantics via multiple meta-paths based on attention mechanism to get comprehensive node embedding. Experimental results demonstrate the importance of rich high-order semantics and also show the potentially good interpretability of HGRec.
Comparative studies of co-fermented maize/pigeon pea and maize/mucuna as infants complementary foods

(g/100g) was higher in S/V 2.97 than M/P 1.83 Crude Fiber was higher in M/P 5.32 than 4.41 in S/V. The amino acid levels of Arginine, leucine, lysine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and methionine and Na, K and Zn were enhanced in M/P than in S/V. M/P had greater decrease of most anti nutrients than S/V. M/P recorded higher solubility at basic region and acidic regions. M/P also had higher OAC, EC, ES and LG. The correlation coefficient (r = 0.05) values were significant in chemical proximate composition minerals, amino acids and functional properties. Co-fermented maize/pigeon (M/P) pea might be a more nutritive infant complementary food than S/V.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Calibrating the lithium–age relation with open clusters and associations

Context. Previous studies of open clusters have shown that lithium depletion is not only strongly age dependent but also shows a complex pattern with other parameters that is not yet understood. For pre- and main-sequence late-type stars, these parameters include metallicity, mixing mechanisms, convection structure, rotation, and magnetic activity. Aims. We perform a thorough membership analysis for a large number of stars observed within the Gaia-ESO survey (GES) in the field of 20 open clusters, ranging in age from young clusters and associations, to intermediate-age and old open clusters. Methods. Based on the parameters derived from the GES spectroscopic observations, we obtained lists of candidate members for each of the clusters in the sample by deriving radial velocity distributions and studying the position of the kinematic selections in the EW(Li)-versus-Teff plane to obtain lithium members. We used gravity indicators to discard field contaminants and studied [Fe/H] metallicity to further confirm the membership of the candidates. We also made use of studies using recent data from the Gaia DR1 and DR2 releases to assess our member selections. Results. We identified likely member candidates for the sample of 20 clusters observed in GES (iDR4) with UVES and GIRAFFE, and conducted a comparative study that allowed us to characterize the properties of these members as well as identify field contaminant stars, both lithium-rich giants and non-giant outliers. Conclusions. This work is the first step towards the calibration of the lithium–age relation and its dependence on other GES parameters. During this project we aim to use this relation to infer the ages of GES field stars, and identify their potential membership to young associations and stellar kinematic groups of different ages.
Adversarially Robust Neural Architectures

Deep Neural Network (DNN) are vulnerable to adversarial attack. Existing methods are devoted to developing various robust training strategies or regularizations to update the weights of the neural network. But beyond the weights, the overall structure and information flow in the network are explicitly determined by the neural architecture, which remains unexplored. This paper thus aims to improve the adversarial robustness of the network from the architecture perspective with NAS framework. We explore the relationship among adversarial robustness, Lipschitz constant, and architecture parameters and show that an appropriate constraint on architecture parameters could reduce the Lipschitz constant to further improve the robustness. For NAS framework, all the architecture parameters are equally treated when the discrete architecture is sampled from supernet. However, the importance of architecture parameters could vary from operation to operation or connection to connection, which is not explored and might reduce the confidence of robust architecture sampling. Thus, we propose to sample architecture parameters from trainable multivariate log-normal distributions, with which the Lipschitz constant of entire network can be approximated using a univariate log-normal distribution with mean and variance related to architecture parameters. Compared with adversarially trained neural architectures searched by various NAS algorithms as well as efficient human-designed models, our algorithm empirically achieves the best performance among all the models under various attacks on different datasets.
Does the Dwarf Sundew (Drosera brevifolia) Attract Prey?

Abstract Charles Darwin first suggested some carnivorous plants attract insects to their leaves for extracting nutrients. Since Darwin, it has been assumed that the ability to lure prey is a characteristic of botanical carnivory and that there is strong selection for carnivorous plants to evolve adaptations to accomplish this. The carnivorous syndrome defines botanical carnivory as having four components that include the ability to: attract prey, retain prey with specialized leaves, dissolve prey with digestive enzymes, and absorb soluble nutrients from prey. Relatively few studies have investigated prey attraction and it has been well documented in only three genera of carnivorous plants. We conducted a series of field and lab experiments on the dwarf sundew (Drosera brevifolia) and found this species to be no better at capturing prey than neutral sticky traps. Thus, no evidence was found suggesting this species lures prey to its leaves. We suggest that, like spider webs, sundews might be better adapted to having adhesive surfaces that passively capture prey. Carnivorous plants face the prey-pollinator conflict of trying to draw the same insects to flowers for pollination as are being drawn to leaves as prey. By evolving alternative ways of capturing prey without attractants, some taxa of carnivorous plants, like D. brevifolia, may reduce the intensity of the prey-pollinator conflict. If these alternatives prevail in species-rich genera of carnivorous plant, then the carnivorous syndrome may need to be refined.
Short activity periods in relation to circadian rhythms in Clethrionomys gapperi

Short activity periods in Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors) are described for N ovember, December, May, and June at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada (60045'N, 116040'W) and for November, April, May, and June at Edmonton, Alberta (53? N, 113'28'W). At Heart Lake, 2 successive short activity times occurred synchronously among individuals at dusk each day. This gave a circadian periodicity to their activity with bimodal peaks of activity occurring after dusk. At Edmonton synchronous occurrence of a short period occurred at dawn rather than dusk each day, giving a circadian rhythm with a unimodal peak of activity at dawn. At both latitudes seasonal changes in characteristics of short term rhythms caused corresponding changes in circadian rhythms.
Fleas (Siphonaptera) in nests of boles ( Microtus spp.) in montane habitats of three regions of Utah

As a parallel study of a survey of fleas of trapped small mammals in montane southern Utah, we removed 77 adult fleas from 12 of 13 nests of voles ( Microtus longicaudus, M. montanus and M. richardsoni ) collected from montane meadows in the Abajo and La Sal Mountains, the Markagunt Plateau and Pine Valley Mountains, and the Uinta Mountains, May 1991-July 2002. Six species and subspecies of fleas parasitic on Microtus spp. were found, 1-3 species in each nest. Three specimens of the ubiquitous deer mouse ( Peromyscus spp.) flea Aetheca wagneri (Baker) were also found. We collected the following 7 taxa from the locations indicated: Catallagia decipiens Rothschild in 5 nests: Abajo and Pine Valley Mountains and Markagunt Plateau; Hystrichopsylla dippiei truncata Holland in 2 nests: La Sal and Uinta Mountains; H. occidentalis sylvaticus Campos & Stark in 5 nests: Pine Valley Mountains; Peromyscopsylla selenis (Rothschild) in 1 nest: Markagunt Plateau; A. wagneri in 2 nests: Abajo and Pine Valley Mountains; Megabothris abantis (Rothschild) in 5 nests: Abajo and Uinta Mountains and Markagunt Plateau; Malaraeus telchinus (Rothschild) in 2 nests: Abajo and Pine Valley Mountains. One preserved larva was identified as Hystrichopsylla prob. occidentalis sylvaticus , and 2 dead larvae, the only specimens found in nest 13, were identified as probably the same. Kane County is a new record for C. decipiens and P. selenis ; Kane and Summit Counties are new for M. abantis . Nest surveys can generally supplement rather than replace trapped-host surveys. Their main value is in population studies. They are also a source of larvae for morphology and taxonomy research.
Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components in Fruit Body of Pholiota nameko

Objective:To systematically determine and analyze nutritional components in Pholiota nameko.Methods:The contents of nutritional components were determined using national standards and common methods.Results:The contents of crude protein,total polysaccharides,crude fat,crude fiber,ash and water in dry samples were 24.98%,57.12%,3.21%,5.06%,6.38% and 12.29%,respectively.After being decolorized and deproteinization through DEAE-52 column,two polysaccharides with the same molecular weight of 21394 u were obtained.The total content of 17 amino acids was 12.50%,and of which 28.1% were essential amino acids.Amino acid score(AAS),chemical score(CS),essential amino acid index(EAAI),biological value(BV),nutritional index(NI) were 19.98,24.38,44.50,36.80 and 7.56,respectively.Conclusion: Pholiota nameko has high protein,low fat and low fiber and reveals excellent pharmacological effects so that it is a kind of mushroom with high nutritive and economic values.
Influence of temperature on development and reproduction of experimental populations of the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)

To research the influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of experimental populations of the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say),and then provide some basic data for the control and prediction of pest,the development and reproduction of every stage of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) were observed at five temperatures (15℃,19℃,23℃,27℃ and 31℃) in the laboratory. The developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of different stages of the Colorado potato beetle were calculated. The results showed that the developmental rate of the Colorado potato beetle increased with the rise of temperature from 15℃ to 31℃. The generation survival rate of the Colorado potato beetle decreased in the order of 27℃23℃19℃31℃15℃,suggesting that excessively high or low temperature was unfavorable to the survival. The developmental threshold temperatures required for egg stage,1st instar,2nd instar,3rd instar,4th instar,whole larval stage,pupal stage and egg-adult period were 9.14,10.50,8.17,10.28,9.04,9.59,10.23 and 10.90℃,while the effective accumulated temperatures were 73.26,43.22,39.23,34.05,161.97,273.02,100.38 and 542.58 degree-days,respectively. It is so concluded that the influence of temperature on the developmental duration,survival rate and reproduction of experimental populations of the Colorado potato beetle was remarkable.
A search for H2O masers in 100 active dwarf galaxies

We present the results of the first dedicated survey for 22 GHz H$_2$O maser emission in dwarf galaxies outside of the local group, with the aim of discovering disc masers. Studies of disc masers yield accurate and precise measurements of black hole mass, and such measurements in dwarf galaxies would be key to understanding the low-mass end of BH-galaxy co-evolution. We used the Green Bank Telescope to survey 100 nearby ($z \lesssim 0.055$) dwarf galaxies ($M_* \lesssim 10^{9.5}~M_{\odot}$) with optical emission line ratios indicative of accretion onto a massive black hole. We detected no new masers down to a limit of $\sim$12 mJy (5$\sigma$). We compared the properties of our sample with those of $\sim$1,850 known detections and non-detections in massive galaxies. We find, in agreement with previous studies, that masers are preferentially hosted by Seyferts and highly-obscured, [O III]-bright AGNs. Our sample has fewer Seyferts, is less obscured, and is [O III]-faint. Though the overall maser detection rate is $\sim$3% in massive galaxies, the predicted rate for our sample, weighted by its optical properties, is $\sim$0.6-1.7%, corresponding to a probability of making no detections of $\sim$20-50%. We also found a slight increase in the detection rate with increased stellar mass in previously surveyed galaxies. However, further observations are required to discern whether there is an intrinsic difference between the maser fraction in active dwarf galaxies and in their massive counterparts for the same AGN properties.
Error estimates for a pointwise tracking optimal control problem of a semilinear elliptic equation

We consider a pointwise tracking optimal control problem for a semilinear elliptic partial differential equation. We derive the existence of optimal solutions and obtain first order optimality conditions. We also obtain necessary and sufficient second order optimality conditions. To approximate the solution of the aforementioned optimal control problem we devise a finite element technique that approximates the solution to the state and adjoint equations with piecewise linear functions and the control variable with piecewise constant functions. We analyze convergence properties and prove that the error approximation of the control variable converges with rate $\mathcal{O}(h|\log h|)$ when measured in the $L^2$-norm.
Uniqueness of positive solutions for boundary value problems associated with indefinite ϕ-Laplacian-type equations

Abstract This paper provides a uniqueness result for positive solutions of the Neumann and periodic boundary value problems associated with the ϕ-Laplacian equation ( ϕ ( u ′ ) ) ′ + a ( t ) g ( u ) = 0 , (\phi \left(u^{\prime} ))^{\prime} +a\left(t)g\left(u)=0, where ϕ is a homeomorphism with ϕ(0) = 0, a(t) is a stepwise indefinite weight and g(u) is a continuous function. When dealing with the p-Laplacian differential operator ϕ(s) = ∣s∣ p−2 s with p > 1, and the nonlinear term g(u) = u γ with γ ∈ R \gamma \in {\mathbb{R}} , we prove the existence of a unique positive solution when γ ∈ ]− ∞ \infty , (1 − 2p)/(p − 1)] ∪ ]p − 1, + ∞ \infty [.
New, mainly southern hemisphere, freshwater families of Amphipoda (Crustacea), together with a description of the first freshwater calliopiid, Lutriwita bradburyi gen. nov. et sp. nov.

Nine new freshwater amphipod families are described: Chillagoeidae fam. nov.; Crangoweckeliidae fam. nov.; Dussartiellidae fam. nov.; Falklandellidae fam. nov.; Giniphargidae fam. nov.; Pseudingolfiellidae fam. nov.; Sandroidae fam. nov.; Sensonatoridae fam. nov. and Uronyctidae fam. nov. The subfamily Seborgiinae Holsinger, 1980 is raised tofamily level and two families, Austroniphargidae Iannilli, Krapp & Ruffo, 2011 and Pseudoniphargidae Karaman, 1993,are revised. The first freshwater example of the extensive marine family Calliopiidae, Lutriwita bradburyi gen. nov., sp. nov., is described from Australia.
Physiological Effects of Nano-silver Treatment on Senescence of Cut Carnation Flowers

Taking cut carnation(Dianthus caryophyllus cv.Master) flowers as test materials,physiological effects of nano-silver(NS) treatment on senescence of cut carnation(Dianthus caryophyllus cv.Master) flowers were investigated.The results showed that the NS treatment could significantly prolong the vase life of cut carnation flowers,and effectively delay the decrease in their relative fresh weight and the degradation rate of soluble protein in petals.In addition,it was found that NS treatment could obviously increase the activities of CAT and SOD in petals and decrease their relative conductivity during the vase period.
Gas and star formation from HD and dust emission in a strongly lensed galaxy

The molecular gas content of high-redshift galaxies is a highly sought-after property. However, H2 is not directly observable in most environments, so its mass is probed through other emission lines (e.g. CO, [C i], [C ii]), or through a gas-to-dust ratio. Each of these methods depends on several assumptions, and are best used in parallel. In this work, we extend an additional molecular gas tracer to high-redshift studies by observing hydrogen deuteride (HD) emission in the strongly lensed z = 5.656 galaxy SPT0346−52 with ALMA. While no HD(1–0) emission is detected, we are able to place an upper limit on the gas mass of $\rm M_{H_2}\lt 6.4\times 10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$. This is used to find a limit on the $L^{\prime }_{\mathrm{ CO}}$ conversion factor of $\rm \alpha _{CO}\lt 5.8\,M_{\odot}(K\,km\,s^{-1}\,pc^2)^{-1}$. In addition, we construct the most complete spectral energy distribution of this source to date, and fit it with a single-temperature modified blackbody using the nested sampling code multinest, yielding a best-fitting dust mass Mdust = 108.92 ± 0.02 M⊙, dust temperature 78.6 ± 0.5 K, dust emissivity spectral index β = 1.81 ± 0.03, and star formation rate SFR = 3800 ± 100 M⊙ yr−1. Using the continuum flux densities to estimate the total gas mass of the source, we find $\rm M_{H_2}\lt 2.4\times 10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$ , assuming subsolar metallicity. This implies a CO conversion factor of αCO < 2.2, which is between the standard values for MW-like galaxies and starbursts. These properties confirm that SPT0346−52 is a heavily starbursting, gas-rich galaxy.
Continuous-Wave Magneto-Optical Determination of the Carrier Lifetime in Coherent 
Ge1−xSnx/Ge
 Heterostructures

We present a magneto-optical study of the carrier dynamics in compressively strained Ge(1-x)Sn(x) films having Sn compositions up to 10% epitaxially grown on blanket Ge on Si (001) virtual substrates. We leverage the Hanle effect under steady-state excitation to study the spin-dependent optical transitions in presence of an external magnetic field. This allowed us to obtain direct access to the dynamics of the optically-induced carrier population. Our approach singled out that at cryogenic temperatures the effective lifetime of the photogenerated carriers in coherent Ge(1-x)Sn(x) occurs in the sub-ns time scale. Supported by a model estimate of the radiative lifetime, our measurements indicate that carrier recombination is dominated by non-radiative processes. Our results thus provide central information to advance the fundamental understanding of carrier kinetics in this novel direct-gap group-IV material system. Such knowledge can be a stepping stone in the quest for the implementation of Ge(1-x)Sn(x)-based functional devices.
First records of Loborhynchapion amethystinum (Miller, 1857) from Switzerland, new biological insights and remarks on Loborhynchapion obtusum (Desbrochers des Loges, 1866) (Coleoptera, Apionidae)

the first records of l. amethystinum from the cantons of Valais and grisons in Switzerland are report ed. however, the record of l. obtusum from Switzerland remains doubtful. Both species are illustrated and their morphology, ecology and ethology are compared. astragalus monspessulanus is quoted for the first time as host plant of l. amethystinum and new data on the larval and pupal microhabitat are provided.