Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Sensor Placement for Source Separation with Noisy Measurements

Optimal sensor placement for a single source extraction has been studied recently. In the current paper, a criterion to optimally placing the sensors for source separation of the noisy mixtures is proposed. Moreover, it is described how a blind source separation (BSS) method can be used to estimate the spatial gains from the measurements of the already placed sensors to enhance the placement of the remaining sensors. Numerical simulations show that the proposed criterion outperforms the previous criterion in source extraction from the noisy mixtures, and illustrates its efficiency in sensor placement for source separation.
Protein Splicing Mechanisms and Applications

Inteins are protein splicing elements that employ standard enzyme strategies to excise themselves from precursor proteins and ligate the surrounding sequences (exteins). The protein splicing pathway consists of four nucleophilic displacements directed by the intein plus the first C‐extein residue. The intein active site(s) are formed by folding of the intein within the precursor, which brings together the splice junctions and internal intein residues that assist catalysis. Inteins with non‐canonical catalytic residues splice by modified pathways. Understanding intein proteolytic cleavage and ligation activities has led to the development of many novel applications in the fields of protein engineering, enzymology, microarray production, target detection and activation of transgenes in plants. Recent advances include intein‐mediated attachment of proteins to solid supports for microarray or western blot analysis, linking nucleic acids to proteins and controllable splicing, which converts inteins into molecular switches. IUBMB Life, 57: 469‐476, 2005
PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF FORAGE SORGHUM ( SORGHUM BICOLOR L.) UNDER DIFFERENT INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS

Field experiment was conducted at GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during kharif season 2011 to find out the optimum seed rate of legu mes grown as an intercrop with sorghum. It was found that intercropping of sorghum + cowpea (50% seed rate) had higher green fodder yield, sorghum equivalent yield, net returns and land equivalent ratio, it was comparable with intercropping of sorghum + cowpea (25% seed rate) that had higher digestible dry matter yield and protein yield. In general, the intercropping systems red uced green forage, dry fodder, crude protein yield and crude protein content but enhanced the digestibl e dry matter yield and unaffected the digestible dry matter content of intercrops, cowpea and rice bean. The refore it is concluded that intercropping of sorghum (recommended seed rate) + cowpea (50% seed rate) may be grown for higher green fodder yield protein yield and net returns.
The study of ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) formation and its impact on biogeochemical processes in artificial sea ice brine

Calcium carbonate precipitation in polar sea ice has been proposed as one of the driving forces for the carbon pump in sea ice covered regions. After decades of controversial discussion on whether calcium carbonate can be precipitated in sea ice, the mineral ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) was for the first time discovered in Antarctic sea ice (Dieckmann et al., 2008) and later also found in Arctic sea ice (Dieckmann et al., 2010). However, the mechanism of ikaite precipitation in sea ice is not well known, as is the effect of ikaite precipitation on biogeochemical processes in sea ice. The aim of this thesis was to study, under simulated sea ice brine conditions, whether ikaite is the only phase of calcium carbonate formed in sea ice and to determine the effect of pH, salinity, temperature and phosphate concentrations on the precipitation of ikaite, as well as the effect of ikaite precipitation on biogeochemical processes in sea ice. In the first part of this thesis, I investigate the pathway of ikaite formation in solution and the effect of pH as well as phosphate (PO4) on polymorphism of calcium carbonate in general. It can be shown that the formation of ikaite does not necessarily follow a precursor amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) pathway and ikaite can be precipitated directly from solution. pH and PO4 can act as a switch for different calcium carbonate polymorphs. At near freezing temperatures, high pH as well as the presence of PO4 favours ikaite formation in fresh water, while low pH and the absence of PO4 are in favor of vaterite formation. In the second part of this thesis, I study the effect of different parameters in sea ice brine (pH, salinity, temperature and phosphate concentrations) on ikaite formation as well as the effect of ikaite precipitation on PO4 removal in artificial sea ice brine. The results show that ikaite is very likely the only polymorph precipitated in natural sea ice. Phosphate is not crucial for ikaite formation in sea ice. The change in pH and salinity has a large impact on ikaite precipitation in sea ice, while the change in temperature and phosphate concentrations has little effect. PO4 can be coprecipitated with ikaite.
Correlating the Dynamics of Magnetic Nanobots with the Intracellular Topography

Controlled positioning and maneuverability of external micro-/ nanoprobes inside living cells can lead to a novel understanding of spatio-temporal changes inside and around the cellular cytoskeleton during different biophysical processes. Previous works have demonstrated the internalization and maneuverability of helical magnetic nanorobots inside cellular interiors. We, in this work, dive deeper into understanding the dynamics of these magnetically driven helical nanorobots inside complex media like the cell cytoplasm. Our studies show that there are different types of heterogeneities and looking simultaneously at the orientation and velocity of the nanobots can elucidate this with simple arguments. These studies enable us to map the local obstacles seen by the nanobots inside cells.
GNSS Spoofing Detection Based Correlation and Distance for Vehicle Application

Autonomous vehicle (AV) has been a hot topic in recent years, but some safety accidents of some self-driving cars have also aroused people's concern about the safety of AV. Among all AV security threats, GNSS spoofing attack is becoming a technology that can be used artificially and has an excellent potential threat to AV security. This paper proposes a GNSS spoofing detection method based on correlation and distance. The spoofing attack simulation experiment results suggest that a delayed attack can be detected with nearly 99.2% probability in one second alarm time.
The Authors Holger Görg is a Research Fellow in the Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy

Many governments offer significant inducements to attract inward investment, motivated by the expectation of spillover benefits. This paper reviews the possible sources of such spillovers and the empirical evidence for their existence in developing, developed and transitional economies. Although theory can identify a range of possible spillover channels, empirical support is hard to find. In the light of this, the paper concludes with a review of policy aspects. Outline
Evaluating Sign Error Correction for Approximate Adders Employing ECG Signal Processing

Throughout the past decade, researchers have been captivated by approximate computing as a promising strategy that achieves both power reduction and performance enhancement. Particularly, within signal processing applications, approximate additions have received considerable attention due to their fundamental role. Regrettably, occasional sign calculation errors can lead to unexpected outcomes in certain applications. To address this concern, we have proposed an error correction technique. This paper assesses the efficacy of the suggested technique when applied to the Carry-Maskable Adder (CMA) in the context of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing. The findings obtained from our experiments indicate that the proposed technique enhances calculation accuracy and achieves more efficient power reduction compared to the CMA without any error correction techniques.
Post-Preload Settlements of a Soft Bay Mud Site

The paper presents a case history involving a soft bay mud site that had been reclaimed for commercial development by filling over old marshlands along the margins of San Francisco Bay. The paper reviews the design of the preload program and the settlements recorded during the preload period. It reviews the post-construction investigations, summarizes the geotechnical characteristics of the bay mud, and evaluates the performance of the preload. It summarizes the results of the monitoring program and reviews the lessons learned regarding the use of vertical drains in combination with preloading to accelerate consolidation of soft clay soils.
In situ fabrication of silver nanoparticle-filled hydrogen titanate nanotube layer on metallic titanium surface for bacteriostatic and biocompatible implantation

A silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-filled hydrogen titanate nanotube layer was synthesized in situ on a metallic titanium substrate. In the synthesis approach, a layer of sodium titanate nanotubes is first prepared on the titanium surface by using a hydrothermal method. Silver nitrate solution is absorbed into the nanotube channels by immersing a dried nanotube layer in silver nitrate solution. Finally, silver ions are reduced by glucose, leading to the in situ growth of AgNPs in the hydrogen titanate nanotube channels. Long-term silver release and bactericidal experiments demonstrated that the effective silver release and effective antibacterial period of the titanium foil with a AgNP-filled hydrogen titanate nanotube layer on the surface can extend to more than 15 days. This steady and prolonged release characteristic is helpful to promote a long-lasting antibacterial capability for the prevention of severe infection after surgery. A series of antimicrobial and biocompatible tests have shown that the sandwich nanostructure with a low level of silver loading exhibits a bacteriostatic rate as high as 99.99%, while retaining low toxicity for cells and possessing high osteogenic potential. Titanium foil with a AgNP-filled hydrogen titanate nanotube layer on the surface that is fabricated with low-cost surface modification methods is a promising implantable material that will find applications in artificial bones, joints, and dental implants.
Taxa de fertilização e desenvolvimento embrionário inicial em fêmeas caninas (Canis familiaris-Linnaeus, 1758)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a taxa de fertilizacao e recuperacao embrionaria e a avaliacao do desenvolvimento embrionario inicial. Foram utilizadas 11 cadelas adultas, sem raca definida. Apos o inicio do estro natural, estas foram acasaladas e submetidas a ovariohisterectomia no quinto, setimo ou nono dia pos-coito. Separaram-se os ovarios, as tubas e os cornos uterinos. Dos ovarios, determinou-se o numero de corpos luteos. As tubas e os cornos uterinos foram lavados separadamente para a colheita de oocitos e embrioes, sendo estes identificados pelo uso de estereomicroscopio em aumento de 15x. A taxa de fertilizacao foi de 94% e a recuperacao embrionaria de 68,5%. No dia cinco pos-coito, encontrou-se embrioes de ate oito celulas nas tubas uterinas. Morula ou blastocisto foram observadas nos cornos uterinos a partir do dia nove poscobertura. Com base nestes resultados concluiu-se que a perda de estruturas pode ser por falha na captacao destas pelas tubas uterinas ou durante a execucao da tecnica. Mesmo utilizando uma unica cobertura pode-se ter uma alta taxa de fertilizacao. Observou-se tambem que o desenvolvimento embrionario nas tubas uterinas teve uma duracao de ate cinco dias pos-coito com estadio de ate oito celulas, encontrando embrioes em estadios a partir de morula nos cornos uterinos nove dias pos-coito.
University of Birmingham Moving in extreme environments

This review addresses human capacity for movement in the context of extreme loading and with it the combined effects of metabolic, biomechanical and gravitational stress on the human body. This topic encompasses extreme duration, as occurs in ultra-endurance competitions (e.g. adventure racing and transcontinental races) and expeditions (e.g. polar crossings), to the more gravitationally limited load carriage (e.g. in the military context). Juxtaposed to these circumstances is the extreme metabolic and mechanical unloading associated with space travel, prolonged bedrest and sedentary lifestyle, which may be at least as problematic, and are therefore included as a reference, e.g. when considering exposure, dangers and (mal)adaptations. As per the other reviews in this series, we describe the nature of the stress and the associated consequences; illustrate relevant regulations, including why and how they are set; present the pros and cons for self versus prescribed acute and chronic exposure; describe humans’ (mal)adaptations; and finally suggest future directions for practice and research. In summary, we describe adaptation patterns that are often U or J shaped and that over time minimal or no load carriage decreases the global load carrying capacity and eventually leads to severe adverse effects and manifest disease under minimal absolute but high relative loads. We advocate that further understanding of load carrying capacity and the inherent mechanisms leading to adverse effects may advantageously be studied in this perspective. With improved access to insightful and portable technologies, there are some exciting possibilities to explore these questions in this context.
Far infrared spectroscopy of star formation regions in M82

Emission lines of (O III) at 52 microns and 88 microns and of (N III) at 57 microns in the nucleus of the galaxy M82 have been observed from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory with the facility's cooled grating spectrometer. The (N III) line has not been previously detected in any extragalactic source. The fluxes in the lines indicate approx. 4 x 10 to the 7th power M of ionized gas and a large population of massive stars (equivalent to 5 x 10 to the 5th power 08.5 stars), sufficient to power the infrared luminosity of the nucleus. We use the 52 to 88 micron line intensity ratio to find an average electron density of 210 + or - 75 in the nucleus; this is 10 to 100 times lower than values typically observed in individual compact H II regions in our Galaxy. The relative line strengths of the (O III) and (N III) lines imply an N(++)/O(++) ratio of 0.45 + or - 0.1, significantly lower than is measured by the same method in individual H II regions at similar galactocentric distances (equal to or less than 400 pc) in our Galaxy. This lower N(++)/O(++) ratio may be due tomore » a lower N/O ratio, higher stellar temperatures, or both, in M82. At spectral resolutions of approx. 90 km/s, all three line profiles are similarly asymmetric. They can be well fitted by two Gaussian distributions with widths of approx. 150 km/s and central velocities of approx. 110 and approx. 295 km/s, bracketing the systemic velocity of the nucleus of approx. 210 km/s. Within uncertainties, both the N(++)/O(++) ratio and the electron density are the same for both Gaussian components; this indicates no major large-scale gradient in either quantity within the nucleus. 32 references. « less
Exercise and Hypertension

SUMMARY Hypertension (HTN), one of the most common medical disorders, is associated with an increased incidence of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Lifestyle modifications are advocated for the prevention, treatment, and control of HTN, with exercise being an integral component. Exercise programs that primarily involve endurance activity prevent the development of HTN and lower blood pressure (BP) in adults with normal BP and those with HTN. The BP lowering effects of exercise are most pronounced in people with HTN who engage in endurance exercise with BP decreasing approximately 5–7 mm Hg after an isolated exercise session (acute) or following exercise training (chronic). Moreover, BP is reduced for up to 22 h after an endurance exercise bout (e.g., postexercise hypotension), with the greatest decreases among those with the highest baseline BP. The proposed mechanisms for the BP lowering effects of exercise include neurohumoral, vascular, and structural adaptations. Decreases in catecholamines and total peripheral resistance, improved insulin sensitivity, and alterations in vasodilators and vasoconstrictors are some of the postulated explanations for the antihypertensive effects of exercise. Emerging data suggest genetic links to the BP reductions associated with acute and chronic endurance exercise. Nonetheless, definitive conclusions regarding the mechanisms for the BP reductions following endurance exercise cannot be made at this time. Individuals with controlled HTN and no CVD or renal complications may participate in an exercise program or competitive athletics, but should be evaluated, treated, and monitored closely. Preliminary peak or symptom-limited exercise testing may be warranted, especially for men over 45 and women over 55 yr planning a vigorous exercise program (i.e., 60% u VO2R, oxygen uptake reserve). In the interim, while formal evaluation and management are taking place, it is reasonable for the majority of patients to begin moderate intensity exercise training (40 –60% u VO2R) such as walking. When pharmacologic therapy is indicated in physically active people it should, ideally: a) lower BP at rest and during exertion; b) decrease total peripheral resistance; and, c) not adversely affect exercise capacity. For these reasons, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (or angiotensin II receptor blockers in case of ACE inhibitor intolerance) and calcium channel blockers are currently the drugs of choice for recreational exercisers and athletes who have HTN. Exercise remains a cornerstone therapy for the primary prevention, treatment, and control of HTN. The optimal training frequency, intensity, time, and type (FITT) need to be better defined to optimize the BP lowering capacities of exercise, particularly in children, women, older adults, and
Mature and functional viral miRNAs transcribed from novel RNA polymerase III promoters

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are transcribed by RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) and play a central role in decoding our genome, yet their expression and noncanonical function remain understudied. Many DNA tumor viruses enhance the activity of RNAPIII, yet whether infection alters tRNA expression is largely unknown. Here, we present the ﬁ rst genome-wide analysis of how viral infection alters the tRNAome. Using a tRNA-speci ﬁ c sequencing method (DM-tRNA-seq), we ﬁ nd that the murine gammaherpesvirus MHV68 induces global changes in premature tRNA (pre-tRNA) expression, with 14% of tRNA genes upregulated more than 3-fold, indicating that differential tRNA gene induction is a characteristic of DNA virus infection. Elevated pre-tRNA expression corresponds to increased RNAPIII occupancy for the subset of tRNA genes tested; additionally, posttranscriptional mechanisms contribute to the accumulation of pre-tRNA species. We ﬁ nd increased abundance of tRNA fragments derived from pre-tRNAs upregulated by viral infection, suggesting that noncanonical tRNA cleavage is also affected. Furthermore, pre-tRNA accumulation, but not RNAPIII recruitment, requires gammaherpesvirus-induced degradation of host mRNAs by the virally encoded mRNA endonuclease muSOX. We hypothesize that depletion of pre-tRNA maturation or turnover machinery contributes to robust accumulation of full-length pre-tRNAs in infected cells. Collectively, these ﬁ ndings reveal pervasive changes to tRNA expression during DNA virus infection and highlight the potential of using viruses to explore tRNA biology. IMPORTANCE Viral infection can dramatically change the gene expression landscape of the host cell, yet little is known regarding changes in noncoding gene transcription by RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII). Among these are transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which are fundamental in protein translation, yet whose gene regulatory features remain largely unde ﬁ ned in mammalian cells. Here, we perform the ﬁ rst genome-wide analysis of tRNA expression changes during viral infection. We show that premature tRNAs accumulate during infection with the model gammaherpesvirus MHV68 as a consequence of increased transcription, but that transcripts do not undergo canonical maturation into mature tRNAs. These ﬁ ndings underscore how tRNA expression is a highly regulated process, especially during conditions of elevated RNAPIII activity
On Model Averaging Regression Coefficients

Model-averaged partial regression coefficients have been criticized for averaging over a set of models with coefficients that have different meanings from model to model. This criticism arises because statisticians since Fisher believe that the meaning of a coefficient in a regression model arises from probabilistic conditioning (P (Y |X)) and that coefficients are mere descriptors of conditional association (or “differences in conditional means”). Because this association parameter is conditional on a specific set of covariates, the parameter for a predictor varies from model to model. The coefficients in many applied regression models, however, take their meaning from causal conditioning (P (Y |do(X))) and these coefficients estimate causal effect parameters (or simply, causal effects or Average Treatment Effects). Causal effect parameters are also differences in conditional expectations, but the event conditioned on is not the set of covariates in a regression model but a hypothetical intervention. Because an effect parameter for a predictor takes its meaning from causal and not probabilistic conditioning, it is the same from model to model, and an averaged coefficient has a straightforward interpretation as an estimate of a causal effect. But, because the effect parameter is the same from model to model, the estimates of the parameter will generally be biased. By contrast, with probabilistic conditioning, the coefficients are consistent estimates of their parameter in every model. Confounding and omitted variable bias, which are central to explanatory modeling, are meaningless in regression modeling as mere description.
The turbulent transport of suspended sediment in open channels

Fine sediment is carried in suspension by turbulent flow under steady conditions, provided that similar material is present on the bed. An equation is deduced for the variation with depth of the sediment concentration for two-dimensional flow. It is found necessary to take account of the volume occupied by the sediment, this being particularly important near the bed. The result agrees with recent observations by Vanoni (1946). A velocity distribution obtained by Kármán, using a linear variation of shear with depth, is generalized by omitting the infinite velocity gradient condition at the bed and is found to be in good agreement with Vanoni’s measurements. A slight difference is found between the mean sediment velocity in the direction of flow and that of the water.
Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Solar Wind

Recent work in describing the solar wind as an MHD turbulent fluid has shown that the magnetic fluctuations are adequately described as time stationary and to some extent as spatially homogeneous. Spectra of the three rugged invariants of incompressible MHD are the principal quantities used to characterize the velocity and magnetic field fluctuations. Unresolved issues concerning the existence of actively developing turbulence are discussed.