Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A honey authenticity test by interphase emulsion reveals biosurfactant activity and biotechnology in the stingless bee nest of Scaptotrigona sp. ‘Catiana’ from Ecuador

Bees are valuable pollinators of fruit trees and grasses. Honey is a medicinal food of plant and animal origin, with social impact for the wellbeing of bee keepers. The Neotropical apifauna has about 500 species of stingless bees (Meliponini). Commercial beekeeping with Apis mellifera underestimates the cultural legacy of meliponiculture, and both are affected by the presence of fake honeys in the market. Three alternative techniques (interphase emulsion, sensory analysis, and pollen residue) to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were investigated to detect false honeys. One technique was based on an interphase emulsion test, which can be performed by beekeepers, farmers, housekeepers, professionals and consumers of honey in general. Another technique was sensory analysis by a tasting panel, and the third consisted on a palynological preparation with a simplified observation. Five genuine honeys produced by Apis mellifera, Geotrigona leucogastra, Melipona mimetica, Scaptotrigona sp. , Tetragonisca angustula and a fake honey from Ecuador were analyzed. The honey authenticity test by interphase emulsion was fast and effective to detect fake honey (two phases), and genuine honeys (one and three phases). A further screening of was done in 51 Asian, Australia, European and Latinamerican honeys. Additionally the HATIE generated a new application as a test to detect unique biosurfactants in honey (HBT) of Scaptotrigona sp. ‘Catiana’ (one phase) with potential microbial origin, and its entomological origin in this set of honeys. ‘Catiana’ nests smell like Roquefort cheese, indicating a fungus association with this rural stingless bee highlighted by its distribution, productivity and the peculiarities described in this research, 80 years after its description as a new genus Scaptotrigona Moure, 1942. Paradoxically, this communication without microbiological analysis, infers the fungal presence in the nest of Scaptotrigona sp. by sensory observations different from the classic sensory evaluation of honey.
Fin ray branching is defined by TRAP+ osteolytic tubules in zebrafish

Significance Skeletal function is inherently linked to the correct shaping of the bones. However, how different cells regulate bone shaping remains unclear. The zebrafish fins are particularly suitable to study bone shaping, as bone rays undergo a simple bifurcation process, easily tracked in vivo. Here, we show that the bifurcation of a bone element relies on stitching and antistitching events, rather than on the splitting of a single unit. This report describes tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) osteolytic tubules and their role in bone bifurcation. Our study provides valuable insights into how cells coordinate to shape bones, thereby contributing to our understanding of bone degenerative and dysmorphic diseases and the identification of new therapeutic strategies.
Single cell transcriptomics identifies conserved regulators of neurosecretory lineages

Communication in bilaterian nervous systems is mediated by electrical and secreted signals, however, the evolutionary origin and relation of neurons to other secretory cell types has not been elucidated. Here we use developmental single cell RNA-sequencing in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, representing an early evolutionary lineage with a simple nervous system. Validated by transgenics, we demonstrate that neurons, stinging cells, and gland cells arise from a common multipotent progenitor population. We identify the conserved transcription factor gene SoxC as a key upstream regulator of all neurosecretory lineages and demonstrate that SoxC knockdown eliminates both neuronal and secretory cell types. While in vertebrates and many other bilaterians neurogenesis is largely restricted to early developmental stages, we show that in the sea anemone differentiation of neurosecretory cells is maintained throughout all life stages, and follows the same molecular trajectories from embryo to adulthood, ensuring lifelong homeostasis of neurosecretory cell lineages.
Bacterial Strain–Dependent Dissociation of Cell Recruitment and Cell-to-Cell Spread in Early M. tuberculosis Infection

Tuberculosis is a leading infectious disease killer worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After exposure to M. tuberculosis, outcomes range from apparent elimination to active disease. ABSTRACT In the initial stage of respiratory infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis traverses from alveolar macrophages to phenotypically diverse monocyte-derived phagocytes and neutrophils in the lung parenchyma. Here, we compare the in vivo kinetics of early bacterial growth and cell-to-cell spread of two strains of M. tuberculosis: a lineage 2 strain, 4334, and the widely studied lineage 4 strain H37Rv. Using flow cytometry, live cell sorting of phenotypic subsets, and quantitation of bacteria in cells of the distinct subsets, we found that 4334 induces less leukocyte influx into the lungs but demonstrates earlier population expansion and cell-to-cell spread. The earlier spread of 4334 to recruited cells, including monocyte-derived dendritic cells, is accompanied by earlier and greater magnitude of CD4+ T cell activation. The results provide evidence that strain-specific differences in interactions with lung leukocytes can shape adaptive immune responses in vivo. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis is a leading infectious disease killer worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After exposure to M. tuberculosis, outcomes range from apparent elimination to active disease. Early innate immune responses may contribute to differences in outcomes, yet it is not known how bacterial strains alter the early dynamics of innate immune and T cell responses. We infected mice with distinct strains of M. tuberculosis and discovered striking differences in innate cellular recruitment, cell-to-cell spread of bacteria in the lungs, and kinetics of initiation of antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses. We also found that M. tuberculosis can spread beyond alveolar macrophages even before a large influx of inflammatory cells. These results provide evidence that distinct strains of M. tuberculosis can exhibit differential kinetics in cell-to-cell spread which is not directly linked to early recruitment of phagocytes but is subsequently linked to adaptive immune responses.
An Operational Hydrodynamic Model of a key tidal-energy site: Inner Sound of Stroma, Pentland Firth (Scotland, UK)

As a result of significant progress towards the delivery of tidal-stream power the industry is moving swiftly towards the deployment of precommercial arrays. Meanwhile important sites, such as the Pentland Firth, are being made available for development. It is now crucial that we consider how the installation of tidal-stream devices will interact with their host environment. Surveying and modelling of the marine system prior to development is a prerequisite to identifying any significant changes associated with tidal energy deployment. Faced with these challenges, this work focuses on the construction of a high-resolution operational model of the Inner Sound of Stroma, Pentland Firth. Detailed in situ measurements from the Inner Sound are used to ensure that the model can accurately simulate its true dynamics. The model is subsequently modified to simulate an idealised tidal energy fence. Results reveal a significant power potential from the Inner Sound, but with a caveat of severe alterations to the natural tidal currents. However, tidal current changes are less severe when considering more modest levels of power extraction.
An in vivo and in silico evaluation of the magical hepatoprotective potentialities of Gynura procumbens: a promising agent for combating hepatotoxicity

Introduction Liver being the most important metabolic organ of the body performs a wide variety of vital functions. Hepatic cell injury occurs by the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by CCl4, xenobiotics and other toxic substances generated through cytochrome P450 dependent step resulting from covalent bond formation with lipoproteins and nucleic acids. Observing the alarming state of hepatotoxic patients worldwide, different medicinal plants and their properties can be explored to combat against such free radical degermation of liver. This paper evaluates the antioxidant property of Gynura procumbens in both in silico and in an in vivo assay, and its hepatoprotective activity in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods Gynura procumbens leaves were collected and extracted using 50% ethanol. Required chemicals (CCl4), standard drug (Silymarin) and blood serum analyzing kits were stocked. The in vivo tests were performed in 140 healthy Wister albino male rats under well controlled parameters dividing into 14 groups, strictly maintaining IEAC protocols. In silico molecular docking and ADMET studies were performed and the results were analyzed statistically. Results and discussion The body weight increased significantly in CCl4 induced, G. procumbens administered hepatotoxic rats. The increase in SGPT, SGOT, ALP, creatinine, LFH, triglycerides, LDL, SOD, MDA, total cholesterol, DNA fragmentation ranges, γGT levels of CCl4 treated group was decreased by both standard drug Silymarin and G. procumbens leaf extract. On the other hand, G. procumbens increased HDL levels and displayed contrasting results in CAT level tests. Some results contradicted with the negative controlled group displaying varying efficacy between leaf extract and Silymarin. In the molecular docking analysis, G. procumbens phytoconstituents performed poorly against TGF-β1 compared to the control drug Galunisertib while 26 phytoconstituents scored better than the control, bezafibrate against PPAR-α. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds performed better than other constituents in providing hepatoprotective activity.
The Military Role in Filling the Security Gap After Armed Conflict

During stabilization operations, the host nation and the international community are often confronted with a security gap, which could be a prelude to an explosive growth of crime and public disorder. In the absence of a functioning local police, an alternative is that the (international) military temporarily intervenes as interim police. This article analyzes how the Netherlands’ military performed during security gaps in three (post)conflict areas: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Iraq. It concludes that army units frequently were involved in interim policing and de facto operated as hybrid organizations, without leaving the military paradigm behind. Policing is generally not seen as a primary task of the military, however. To adapt to the reality of security gaps and to increase the operational effectiveness in the field of public security, the military would benefit from reflecting on their current military paradigm and on what they could learn from current policing practices.
Learning to control differential evolution operators

Evolutionary algorithms are widely used for optimsation by researchers in academia and industry. These algorithms have parameters, which have proven to highly determine the performance of an algorithm. For many decades, researchers have focused on determining optimal parameter values for an algorithm. Each parameter configuration has a performance value attached to it that is used to determine a good configuration for an algorithm. Parameter values depend on the problem at hand and are known to be set in two ways, by means of offline and online selection. Offline tuning assumes that the performance value of a configuration remains same during all generations in a run whereas online tuning assumes that the performance value varies from one generation to another. This thesis presents various adaptive approaches each learning from a range of feedback received from the evolutionary algorithm. The contributions demonstrate the benefits of utilising online and offline learning together at different levels for a particular task. Offline selection has been utilised to tune the hyper-parameters of proposed adaptive methods that control the parameters of evolutionary algorithm on-the-fly. All the contributions have been presented to control the mutation strategies of the differential evolution. The first contribution demonstrates an adaptive method that is mapped as markov reward process. It aims to maximise the cumulative future reward. Next chapter unifies various adaptive methods from literature that can be utilised to replicate existing methods and test new ones. The hyper-parameters of methods in first two chapters are tuned by an offline configurator, irace. Last chapter proposes four methods utilising deep reinforcement learning model. To test the applicability of the adaptive approaches presented in the thesis, all methods are compared to various adaptive methods from literature, variants of differential evolution and other state-of-the-art algorithms on various single objective noiseless problems from benchmark set, BBOB.
He-HTLC: Revisiting Incentives in HTLC

—Hashed Time-Locked Contracts (HTLCs) are a widely used primitive in blockchain systems such as payment channels, atomic swaps, etc. Unfortunately, HTLC is incentive- incompatible and is vulnerable to bribery attacks. The state-of-the-art solution is MAD-HTLC (Oakland’21), which proposes an elegant idea that leverages miners’ profit-driven nature to defeat bribery attacks. In this paper, we show that MAD-HTLC is still vulnerable as it only considers a somewhat narrow set of passive strategies by miners. Through a family of novel reverse-bribery attacks, we show concrete active strategies that miners can take to break MAD-HTLC and profit at the loss of MAD-HTLC users. For these attacks, we present their implementation and game-theoretical profitability analysis. Based on the learnings from our attacks, we propose a new HTLC realization, He-HTLC , 1 that is provably secure against all possible strategic manipulation (passive and active). In ad- dition to being secure in a stronger adversary model, He-HTLC achieves other desirable features such as low and user-adjustable collateral, making it more practical to implement and use that proposed schemes. We implemented He-HTLC on Bitcoin and the transaction cost of He-HTLC is comparative to average Bitcoin transaction fees.
Conceptual Design of the SNS RFQ

The conceptual design of the RFQ included in the front end injector of the Spallation Neutron Source is described. The RFQ operates at 402.5 MHz, with a maximum H input current of 70 mA and 6% duty factor. It is 3.72 m long and made out of four equally long modules. A brazed copper structure has been chosen due to the high power, high duty factor operation. The 800 kW peak r.f. power is coupled into the structure via eight ports, two per section. A set of tuners is provided for final frequency adjustment and local field perturbation correction. Quadrupole mode stabilization is obtained with a set of π-mode stabilizing loops. The conceptual design, assembly processes and status report are presented. This paper reports and updates the status of the design since it was last described [1].
Benefits of Metering Signals at Roundabouts with Unbalanced Flow: Patterns in Spain

Unbalanced flow patterns may be a problem in roundabouts, even at medium demand levels. One single approach can cause queues on the downstream approaches; the average delay can increase greatly, and the roundabout can fail. This operational problem can be lessened by regulating traffic with metering signals, one of the most cost-effective measures used in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Even though some Spanish roundabouts exceed capacity, the potential benefit to local conditions has not been studied. Traffic microsimulation was used to analyze capacity improvements and operational performance on roundabouts with metering signals. A field study characterized gap acceptance behavior on conditions close to capacity. Vissim was calibrated and validated, and a signal control logic was implemented in its VisVAP module. The capacity from traffic microsimulation represents the traffic demands observed in the field more accurately because of the variable follow-up headways. In contrast, the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual 2010 underestimates capacity for almost all observed conditions. Almost 400 combinations of design and control parameters for metering signals were required to obtain the optimal (location and timing) model with the lowest average delay. Then, traffic demand scenarios were varied with the optimal metering system. The percentage benefit, calculated as overall average delay, could be up to 60% depending on the combination of controlling traffic demand and conflicting traffic flow. Results allow users to determine the need for metering and quantify the potential benefit from its application to one-lane roundabouts.
Numerical calculation of separated flow past square and rectangular cylinders using panel technique

Abstract In the present investigation, a potential flow model based on panel method has been developed for calculation of two dimensional separated flows past square and rectangular cylinders. Free vortex lines are assumed to emanate from the points of separation that converge downstream of the body. The converged wake shape is iteratively obtained by integrating the velocity vectors at the collocation points. For solving separated flow past square and rectangular cylinders, four different versions of the solver have been developed for a wide range of incidence, namely, for zero, low, moderate and high angles of incidence. For validation of computed results, experimental investigations have been carried out in a low speed wind tunnel to obtain the surface pressure distribution on square cylinder and rectangular cylinder over a range of angles of incidence. Comparison is reasonably good.
S0884291419003352 775..794

Recent advances in the understanding of high-k dielectric materials deposited by atomic layer deposition for dynamic random-accessmemory capacitor applications Woojin Jeon Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: woojin.jeon@khu.ac. kr Received: 7 September 2019; accepted: 15 October 2019
Integración de los principios metodológicos Clil en la enseñanza de materias de contenido en inglés Clil methodological principles integration into the teaching of content subjects in English

bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre el enfoque CLIL y asuntos de tiempo y recursos. Conclusiones . Manejar estos desafíos ayudarán a los docentes a ampliar su conocimiento y mejorar su práctica docente. Por lo tanto, se puede mejorar el proceso de implementación de la enseñanza de materias de contenido en inglés. Abstract Introduction. the of challenges for of due to which the integration of CLIL principles of Objective. this study methodological Ecuador purposefully selected, because they have taught content subjects in English. For the analysis of the data, the interview transcripts were used, and a thematic analysis using codes was conducted. All the datasets were organized using the software; Taguette. Results. The outcomes of the study revealed that CLIL methodological principles are not noticeably integrated currently due to several factors such as the lack of teacher training, low awareness of the CLIL approach, and matters of time and resources. Conclusions. Addressing these challenges will help teachers broaden their knowledge and enhance their teaching practice. Hence, there is room for improvement in the process of implementing the teaching of content subjects in English. insights about the current situation at a particular educational community based on the outcomes encountered after the data analysis. The nature of this paper is an exploratory, qualitative study that focuses on teachers working at a private institution that is implementing the teaching of content subjects in English as a means of promoting bilingualism, entailing learning English as a foreign language. The data was collected by means of a semi-structured interview that made it possible to examine how CLIL principles are currently being integrated.
Title: Prevalence of Migraine and its associated factors among medical students of Bangladesh: A cross 1 sectional study

29 Introduction: Medical students are vulnerable group to migraine, one of the most common type of 30 headache worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of migraine and 31 related disability among medical students of Bangladesh. 32 Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1327 students from six medical colleges 33 Bangladesh during March 2021 through a self-administered online survey. ID Migraine TM scale and 34 MIDAS scale were used to screen migraine and migraine related disability respectively. Frequency 35 distribution, and Chi-square test, t-test along with multiple logistic regressions model were used to 36 determine the prevalence and associated factors of migraine respectively. 37 Results: The overall prevalence of migraine among the participants was 19%. The prevalence was higher 38 among females (27%) than males (8%). Female sex (aOR 4.11, 95% CI 2.79-6.03) and poor sleep quality 39 (aOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.48-2.91) were identified as independent risk factors of migraine. More than 90% 40 migrainures reported to suffer from moderate to severe headache. Nausea was most commonly reported 41 associated symptom (83.5%) followed by photophobia (72%) and vomiting (53%). Self-reported mental 42 stress (55%), irregular sleep (49%), noise (30.5%), and usage of electronic device (30.5%) were most 43 commonly reported triggering factor of migraine attack. More than half of the sufferers reported severe 44 migraine related disability (MIDAS score ≥ 21). 45 Conclusions: The prevalence of migraine among medical students of Bangladesh is alarmingly high. 46 Frequent migraine attacks and severe intensity of headache cause a substantial level of disability among 47 the sufferers. Cautious avoidance of the triggering factors through appropriate interventions and 48 prophylactic medication can mitigate the negative impact of migraine as well as improve the quality of 49 life. 50
Expression and Characterization of Dog Cytochrome P450 2A13 and 2A25 in Baculovirus Infected Insect Cells

Dog CYP2A13 and CYP2A25 were co-expressed with dog NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (OR) in baculovirus infected-Sf9 insect cells. CYP2A13 effectively catalyzed 7-ethoxycoumarin (7EC) deethylation and coumarin hydroxylation with apparent K m values of 4.8 and 2.1 µM, respectively, similar to those observed using dog liver microsomes (7.5 and 0.75 µM, respectively). CYP2A25 exhibited much lower affinity towards 7EC, with apparent K m value of 150 µM, indicating CYP2A13 plays a more significant role in the metabolism of these CYP2A substrates. Similar to the dog CYP1A2 enzyme, CYP2A13 efficiently catalyzed phenacetin deethylation with a K m value of 3.9 µM, suggesting phenacetin is not a selective probe for dog CYP1A2 activity. Both dog CYP2A13 and CYP2A25 exhibited little or no catalytic activity towards other common CYP probe substrates including bupropion, amodiaquine, diclofenac, S-mephenytoin, bufuralol, dextromethorphan, midazolam and testosterone. These results provided additional information about the selectivity of these commonly used probe substrates.