Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of mass selection based on phenotype and early feed restriction on the performance and carcass characteristics in Japanese quails.

This study included Japanese quail flock subjected to mass selection for four generations to increase live-weight and a control flock that randomly mated for four generations. The effects of selection and early feed restriction on live-weight, feed consumption, feed conversion and carcass traits were investigated. In terms of live-weight, higher mean values were observed for quail flock subjected to selection in all weeks. It was detected that feed restriction has no effect on weekly live-weight and feed consumption. In addition, restrictedly fed quails more effectively benefitted from feeds in the 3rd and 4th weeks. Carcass, edible inner organ, and abdominal fat weight of quails subjected to selection were found as 137.51, 8.94, and 1.17 g, respectively. The same traits were determined for quails in control group as 116.08, 7.89, and 1.08 g, respectively. It was concluded that feed restriction by producers for species like quails of which the sexual maturity age and cutting age were close to each other would not yield any economic gain, and short-term mass selection could increase carcass weight by around 20%.
Dough Rheology of Wheat Recombinant Lines in Relation to Allelic Variants of Glu-1 and Glu-3 Loci

The influence of allelic variants of HMW Gand LMWG on viscoelastic properties of dough was evaluated in parents and 98 recombinant lines derived from the crosses Rebeca F2000 × Verano S91 and Galvez M87 × Bacanora T88. Genotypes were grown at Roque, Guanajuato during the Spring-Summer of 2008. Studied traits were mixing time, mixing stability and over-mixing tolerance, general strength of the dough and tenacity/extensibility ratio. HMWG alleles 1, 2*, 17 + 18 and 5 + 10 favored the quality of the dough and variants 2 + 12 and 7 + 9 were associated with low levels of gluten strength. A 7 + 9 allele was associated with genotypes prone to form tenacious dough. Alleles Glu-A3c, Glu-A3e, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3h from the cross Rebeca F2000 × Verano S91 affected positively the quality of gluten, while allelic variants Glu-A3b, Glu-B3h and Glu-D3c in the cross Galvez M87 × Bacanora T88 were associated with higher quality standards and its counterparts Glu-A3c, Glu-B3j and Glu-D3b were associated to lower quality parameters. Results also shown interaction among loci, hence breeders need to be aware not only of the effect of individual alleles but also its interaction.
Twenty Five Years of Change in a Disjunct Tsuga canadensis Forest in Southern Wisconsin

Abstract A 1.44 ha plot in a disjunct Tsuga canadensis-dominated forest in southern Wisconsin was mapped and examined for 25 y. Every 5 y between 1981 and 2006, all of the trees ≥ 2.54 cm dbh were measured and mortalities and additions were noted. The stand had a 27.6% overall decline in density and a 5.8% decline in basal area. Tsuga remained the dominant species though it had a 28.2% decline in density and a loss in basal area of 12.6%. It still made up almost half the relative density and relative dominance throughout the study. Diameter distributions for the six leading species were all bell-shaped or skewed unimodal with the exception of Acer saccharum which had an inverse J-shaped curve. Tsuga presented bell-shaped curves due to the lack of recruitment from the seedling stage. Nearly 32% of the original Tsuga trees ≥ 2.54 cm dbh died throughout the study, giving an annual mortality rate of 1.53%/year. The annual mortality rate for Tsuga stems ≥ 30 cm dbh was 0.71%/year, which is higher than a Michigan study using the same sized stems. The long-term outlook for the Tsuga in this isolated stand is uncertain due to its sporadic regeneration, high mortality rate, possible deer browsing effects combined with future potential threats such as land development, climate warming and the hemlock woolly adelgid.
Wood and bark anatomy of Steganotaenia and Polemanniopsis (tribe Steganotaenieae, Apiaceae) with notes on phylogenetic implications

The wood and bark structure of the distinctive southern African genera Polemanniopsis (including the newly described species P. namibensis) and Steganotaenia have been described. To allow for comparisons with the traditional subfamily Saniculoideae, a shrubby species of Eryngium from the Juan Fernandez Islands was also studied. Polemanniopsis and Steganotaenia were recently considered as two closely related genera forming a new tribe Steganotaenieae of subfamily Saniculoideae (Apiaceae), whereas Eryngium is commonly recognized as a member of Saniculoideae. Eryngium differs significantly from the other two genera in the smaller size of intervessel pits, sclerification and radial dilatation in collapsed secondary phloem, the absence of crystals in the phelloderm cells and the occurrence of druse crystals in secondary phloem ray cells. Steganotaenia and Polemanniopsis share features, including the presence of marginal axial parenchyma, the occurrence of radial secretory canals in secondary xylem, dilatation of the secondary phloem by axial parenchyma stretching, cortical periderm initiation and the presence of chambered phelloderm cells containing druse crystals. These characters (especially the occurrence of chambered crystalliferous cells in phelloderm, which has not yet been reported for Apiaceae) support both the monophyly and the isolated position of the Steganotaeniae. No reliable synapomorphic features could be found to support a relationship with Saniculoideae. Steganotaenia is remarkable in the presence of axial secretory canals in the phelloderm: these structures have not yet been found in the periderm of any member of Apiales. Our results do not provide any support for the suggestion that the woody habit in the three genera examined was derived from herbaceous ancestors secondarily. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 163, 55–59.
Atividades farmacológicas dos extratos de Zanthoxylum chiloperone (Rutaceae)

In this work the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts of leaves from Zanthoxylum chiloperone were evaluated. The tests were carried out by acetic acid writhing, formalin-induced paw licking, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and pleurisy methods, using hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts administered in the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. The doses inhibited, significantly, the contortions, the paw lick, the paw edema, the volume of the exsudate and the leukocytes migration. These results suggest that the extracts from Z. chiloperone possess constituents with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.
Can we derive macroecological patterns from primary Global Biodiversity Information Facility data

Aim To determine whether the method used to build distributional maps from raw data influences the representation of two principal macroecological patterns: the latitudinal gradient in species richness and the latitudinal variation in range sizes (Rapoport's rule). Location World-wide. Methods All available distribution data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) for those fish species that are members of orders of fishes with only marine representatives in each order were extracted and cleaned so as to compare four different procedures: point-to-grid (GBIF maps), range maps applying an α-shape [GBIF-extent of occurrence (EOO) maps], the MaxEnt method of species distribution modelling (GBIF-MaxEnt maps) and the MaxEnt method but restricted to the area delimited by the α-shape (GBIF-MaxEnt-restricted maps). Results The location of hotspots and the latitudinal gradient in species richness or range sizes are relatively similar in the four procedures. GBIF-EOO maps and most GBIF-MaxEnt-maps provide overestimations of species richness when compared with those present in a priori well-surveyed cells. GBIF-EOO maps seem to provide more reasonable world macroecological patterns. MaxEnt can erroneously predict the presence of species in environmentally similar cells of another hemisphere or in other regions that lie outside the range of the species. Limiting this overpredictive capacity, as in the case of GBIF-MaxEnt-restricted maps, seems to mimic the frequency of observations derived from a simple point-to-grid procedure, with the utility of this procedure consequently being limited. Main conclusions In studies of macroecological patterns at a global scale, the simple α-shape method seems to be a more parsimonious option for extrapolating species distributions from primary data than are distribution models performed indiscriminately and automatically with MaxEnt. GBIF data may be used in macroecological patterns if original data are cleaned, autocorrelation is corrected and species richness figures do not constitute obvious underestimations. Efforts therefore should focus on improving the number and quality of records that can serve as the source of primary data in macroecological studies.
Seleção e número mínimo de famílias para avaliação de parâmetros de cor em uma população meio-irmã de cenoura

The use of the number of families not superior to what may be considered as sufficient for a good representation of a certain crossing is recommended, but taking into account the relationship between cost of experiment implementation and the progress obtained from the breeding program. Thus, the aim of this work was to estimate the minimum number of half-sibling families of carrot necessary to represent the genetic characteristics of a population, as well as to identify the best families and the best plants inside families as to color features. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Vegetable Crops, Gama-DF, during the summer of 2004. A hybrid population with 71 half-sibling families of carrot plus two standard cultivars were evaluated in a experiment arranged in a complete randomized block design with 2 replications, with plots measuring 2,0 m2. Ninety days after planting, 10 plants per plot were harvested and evaluated as to xylem and phloem L* a* b* parameters. The analysis of variance was performed and the minimum number of families to represent the population as well as the gains from the selection of 10% of the best families and plants inside families were estimated. It was observed that the selection among and inside families provided similar βcarotene level increases for faboth root parts. Higher gains with the selection were obtained for the xylem characteristics. For xylem L* a* b*, both standard cultivars were surpassed by the selected families. Only families 71, 7, 61 and 20 should be selected for phloem L* a* b*. For the evaluation of xylem and phloem color parameters, 52 and 42 families are necessary, respectively.
A New Species of Pontobdella (Hirudinida: Piscicolidae) from California with a Redescription of the Genus Pontobdella

ABSTRACT: Pontobdella californiana is described parasitizing California coastal water big skates, Raja binoculata, and thornback guitarfish, Platyrhinoidis triseriata. Leeches are large, up to 70 mm in total length. The oral sucker has 2 pairs of linear eyespots and 2 pairs of lateral papillae. The caudal sucker is small and terminal, with a diameter less than maximum body width. Annulus a2 has 4 large conical tubercles dorsally and 4 smaller conical tubercles ventrally. Annuli a1 and a3 have 4 small tubercles dorsally and ventrally and 2 small tubercles laterally for a total of 10 tubercles on each of these annuli.
Biologically effective rate of sulfentrazone applied pre-emergence in soybean

Walsh, K. D. , Soltani, N. , Hooker, D. C. , Nurse, R. E. and Sikkema, P. H. 2015. Biologically effective rate of sulfentrazone applied pre-emergence in soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 339–344. Sulfentrazone is a protoporphyrinogen (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide under evaluation for use in soybean in Ontario, Canada. The primary objective of this study was to determine the dose of sulfentrazone applied pre-emergence (PRE) needed to provide 50 and 90% control of redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters and green foxtail. Seven field trials were conducted over a 3-yr period (2007, 2008 and 2009) in southwestern Ontario to evaluate the efficacy of sulfentrazone applied PRE at doses ranging from 26 to 1120 g a.i. ha−1. The doses of sulfentrazone applied PRE to reduce redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters and green foxtail dry weight by 50% were 104, 139, 15 and 65 g a.i. ha−1; doses of 241, 514, 133 and 721 g a.i. ha−1 of sulfentrazone were required for 90% reduction in above-ground biom.
A MODIFIED NYLON BAG TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING APPARENT DIGESTIBILITIES OF PROTEIN IN FEEDSTUFFS FOR PIGS

A method for measuring protein digestibility of small feed samples was developed with growing pigs fitted with a single cannula in the duodenum. Feed was ground through a 0.8-mm mesh screen and 1-g samples were enclosed in 25 × 40-mm monofilament nylon bags (50-μm mesh). Following pre-digestion in vitro to simulate gastric digestion (0.01 N HCI; pepsin 1 g/L; 2.5 h), the bags were inserted into the small intestine via the duodenal cannula, recovered in feces within 48 h, frozen, lyophilized and analyzed for protein. Apparent protein digestibility of soybean meal and meat-and-bone meal were 88.1 and 80.9%, respectively, compared with 90.0 and 79.1, respectively, determined conventionally. Protein digestibility (nylon bag vs. conventional technique) for three barley samples were 63.2 vs. 65.2%, 62.8 vs. 67.6% and 62.3 vs. 67.5%. The pigs were fed a 16% crude protein grower diet during the nylon bag studies. Preliminary studies showed no recovery of nylon bags in feces, unless the pig was starved for 1 day, .
Ecological genetics of Rhizobium meliloti: symbiotic plasmid transfer in the Medicago sativa rhizosphere

A potentially important aspect of the ecological genetics of fast-growing rhizobia is lateral transfer of symbiosis-related genes between strains in the host-legume rhizosphere. We have therefore characterized transfer of the Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiotic (Sym) plasmids pJB5JI and pSymR1897 to strain WL113, a non-attaching, non-nodulating Rhizobium meliloti recipient, in the rhizosphere of its legume host Medicago sativa. Interspecific transfer of pJB5JI generated symbiotically proficient transconjugants of WL113, demonstrating that a mechanism exists for genetic flux in indigenous R. meliloti populations in response to selection pressure provided by the host legume. This could generate fluid groupings of R. meliloti rather than discrete and stable strains.
Life History and Production of Epeorus torrentium Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) in a North Iberian Stream

The life history and secondary production of E. torrentium were investigated at three sites along a small Spanish stream. This species had an univoltine winter life history with recruitment from June to November. It showed asynchronous development, which is consistent with the unpredictable environment where they dwell. E. torrentium showed higher density, biomass and production at the headwater site than at the downstream sites, but the annual production/biomass ratios followed the opposite spatial trend. Thus, the spatial pattern of production of this species was more related to shifts in population biomass than to changes in growth rates.
Balance at work : discovering dynamics in the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation Recovery (DISC-R) model

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Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibition prevents both apoptotic‐like delayed neuronal death and necrosis after H2O2 injury

Toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, superoxide, and the hydroxyl radical are generated in a variety of neuropathological conditions and cause significant DNA damage. We determined the effects of 3‐aminobenzamide (AB), an inhibitor of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), on cell death in differentiated PC12 cells, a model of sympathetic neurons, after H2O2 injury. Exposure to 0.5 mm H2O2 resulted in a significant decrease in intracellular NAD(H), NADP(H), and ATP levels. This injury resulted in the death of 90% of the cells with significant necrosis early (2 h) after injury and increased apoptosis (12–24 h after injury), as measured by PS exposure and the presence of cytoplasmic oligonucleosomal fragments. Treatment with 2.5 mm AB restored pyridine nucleotide and ATP levels and ameliorated cell death (65% versus 90%) by decreasing the extent of both necrosis and apoptosis. Interestingly, we observed that H2O2‐induced injury caused a delayed cell death exhibiting features of apoptosis but in which caspase‐3 like activity was absent. Moreover, pretreatment with AB restored caspase‐3‐like activity. Our results suggest that apoptosis and necrosis are both triggered by PARP overactivation, and that maintenance of cellular energy levels after injury by inhibiting PARP shifts cell death from necrosis to apoptosis.
Screening of Nutrient Parameters for Red Pigment Production by Monascus purpureus MTCC 369 Under Submerged Fermentation Using Plackett- Burman Design

Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to screen important nutrient parameters influencing the production of red pigments by Monascus purpureus MTCC 369 under submerged fermentation. Nine nutrient parameters such as dextrose, NH 4 Cl, (NH 4 ) 2 . SO 4 , NaCl, KH 2 PO 4 , MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O, CaCl 2. 2H 2 O, MnSO 4 . H 2 O and FeSO 4 . 7H 2 O were screened along with two dummy factors, in twelve experimental runs as per the design. From standard PlackettBurman data analysis it was conformed that, NH 4 Cl, NaCl, KH 2 PO 4 , MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O and MnSO 4 . H 2 O had contributed to a large extent, dextrose, CaCl 2. 2H 2 O and FeSO 4 . 7H 2 O had little impact, while, (NH 4 ) 2 . SO 4 contributes moderately for red pigment production by Monascus purpureus MTCC 369 under submerged fermentation.
Site use by dark-bellied brent geese Branta bernicla bernicla on the Russian tundra as recorded by satellite telemetry: implications for East Atlantic Fly way conservation

In 1999, seven dark-bellied brent geese Branta bernicla bernicla were followed during spring migration from western Europe to Arctic Russia using satellite telemetry. For six of the birds we were also able to monitor their summer stay at the Taymyr Peninsula, and for five birds part of their autumn migration was recorded. In this article, we report on site use during summer and spring/autumn migration. We also describe migration routes and evaluate general migratory performance during autumn migration. All birds spent the summer within areas covered by the Great Arctic Reserve on the Taymyr Peninsula. None of the birds returned to the wintering area with young, so the sites used during summer were most likely used primarily for moulting. The birds remained at the same sites the whole summer until the start of autumn migration, indicating that the build-up of fuel stores for migration took place at the moulting sites. Autumn migration was conducted in a similar way as spring migration regarding routes and general migratory performance. Site use showed both a relatively large variation between individuals and seasons, as well as some degree of site fidelity as all birds returned for a longer stay in autumn to at least one of the areas they had used for more than two days in spring. Thus the migration of brent geese along the Arctic Ocean cannot be considered as a simple migration system with just a few key sites along the route, but instead it is a complex system with several localities used in different ways by different individuals. Most of the areas used by the satellite-tagged birds were previously known stopover areas, but some of them had not been recognised as being of importance for brent geese before. Most of the stopover areas do not have any kind of formal legal protection. It is suggested that further research should be carried out in the areas identified in this study to evaluate their importance and role in the migratory journeys of dark-bellied brent geese.
Reproducción y alimentación del gaspar Atractosteus tropicus (Pisces : Lepisosteidae) en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caño Negro, Costa Rica

Reproduction, length-wejght rdationship, amI food habi! s of gllr AtraclOsleus tl'Opicus were studied in streams and ponds of National Wildlife Refuge Cano Negro, Costa Rica from February 1990 through February 1991.Sex ratio was 0.97 wilh preponderan ce of femules, especially in lhe iarges! size-classes. Macroscopic and microscopic exarnination of gonads indicate a single, distinct reproductive season fram April lo October during lhe wet season. The mean size at maturity for males :me! females was 50-60 cm total length. Fecundity was 1.124 - 99. 087 eggs per ripe female and i! is linearly related to fish length ane! body weight by the equations: F = 1150.6 length - 74130.6 and F = 8.59 weight - 7485.6. The total length-weight regressionwas ! oglO weight= -2.964 + 3.351 ioglo lenglh for males , ane! loglO weight = -2.729 + 3.211 loglo length for females. The dominant groups found in the stomachs were Cichlidae, Poeciliidae, Characidae, Pi.melodidae, Gymnotidae ane! crustaceans, in order of decreasing importance.
MORFOLOGÍA DE NEOCHETINA EICHHORNIAE (WARNER) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

En este trabajo se describen e ilustran caracteristicas morfologicas de Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner, 1970). Esta especie se ha utilizado para el control biologico del lirio acuatico (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, 1883). En el huevo, el aspecto cambiante del corion es dado por el desarrollo embrionario. En la larva se realizo una descripcion de la quetotaxia de la capsula cefalica y se identificaron tres instares larvales con la medicion de su anchura; tambien se reviso la microescultura del cuerpo de la larva, sobresaliendo unas microespinas, cuyo arreglo es diferente en torax y abdomen, tambien se observaron dos tipos de espiraculos; el mas caracteristico es el espiraculo abdominal por su posicion dorsal, que ademas de ser esclerosado, posee organos sensoriales en su apice. La morfologia externa de los adultos de N. eichorniae es muy parecida en ambos sexos; su principal diferencia se encuentra en el rostrum. Ademas se proporciona una descripcion de las alas, proventriculo y genitalia, estructuras importantes en la taxonomia. Las caracteristicas morfologicas de N. eichhorniae encontradas en este trabajo pueden ser utiles para diferenciar a esta especie de Neochetina bruchi (Hustache, 1926), la cual ha sido liberada en muchos paises. Es el primer trabajo de morfologia N. eichhorniae en Mexico