Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Business Investment Plans and Inflation Expectations

In this paper we use survey data on Italian rms to empirically investigate the relationship between rmsination expectations and their willingness to invest. We nd that an increase in expected ination, all else equal, raises by nearly 2.5 percentage points the probability that a rm reports higher expected investment expenditure. While we document a minor role of the rm-level nominal borrowing cost, other determinants of investment expectations are signi cant, such as the credit marketsaccess conditions and the expected liquidity position of rms. Our results bear important implications for monetary policy. JEL classi cation: E22, E31, E58.
Transfer Pricing: Ide, Strategi, dan Panduan Praktis Dalam Perspektif Pajak Internasional

Secara gagasan dasar, buku ini merupakan perpaduan mengenai ide, strategi, dan panduan praktis dalam perspektif pajak internasional yang diperlukan dalam kajian atas transfer pricing. Ketiga aspek tersebut terangkum secara proporsional dalam tiap bab pembahasan. Buku ini disusun dari berbagai literatur, hasil interaksi dengan praktisi dan akademisi yang telah diakui kepakarannya, serta pengalaman para penulis dalam melakukan analisis transfer pricing. Buku ini terdiri dari 30 bab yang mencakup hampir seluruh isu dalam transfer pricing, mulai dari konsep arm's length principle, tahapan analisis kewajaran transfer pricing, transaksi atas aste tidak berwujud, aspek prosedural dan hukum, hingga perkembangan kontemporer. Dengan demikian, buku ini dapat dijadikan referensi bagi kalangan bisnis, otoritas pajak, pengadilan pajak, pengambil kebijakan fiskal, konsultan dan praktisi, serta kalangan akademisi.
A short review on congenital hypothyroidism, environmental thyroiditis and current status of thyroid disease in Bangladesh

Thyroid disease is a common endocrine disorder resulting from their impaired activity at tissue level. Congenital hypothyroidism and environmental thyroiditis are two major concern now-a-days. Congenital hypothyroidism is broadly classified into Primary hypothyroidism, secondary hypothyroidism, peripheral hypothyroidism, syndromic hypothyroidism and transient congenital hypothyroidism. Factors affecting congenital hypothyroidism may include thyroid dyshormonogenesis, thyroid dysgenesis, resistance to TH binding, defects in T3 and T4 release or even genetic factor. Factors that increase environmental thyroid disease risk include radiation exposure, both from nuclear fallout and medical radiation, increased iodine intake, as well as several contaminants in the environment that influence the thyroid. In Bangladesh the overall state of thyroid disease is greatly influenced by gender and diseases like diabetes. Necessary steps should be taken to raise awareness among mass people about Hypothyroidism and enlighten them to make stand against this disease.
Proteomic Analysis of the Human CDK Family Reveal s a Novel CDK5 Complex Involved in Cell Growth and Migration

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the catalytic subunits of a family of mammalian heterodimeric serine/threonine kinases that play critical roles in the control of cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal functions. However, the functions, substrates, and regulation of many CDKs are poorly understood. To systematically investigate these features of CDKs, we conducted a proteomic analysis of the CDK family and identified their associated protein complexes in two different cell lines using a modified SAINT (Significance Analysis of INTeractome) method. The mass spectrometry data were deposited to ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000593 and DOI 10.6019/PXD000593. We identified 753 high-confidence candidate interaction proteins (HCIPs) in HEK293T cells and 352 HCIPs in MCF10A cells. We subsequently focused on a neuron-specific CDK, CDK5, and uncovered two novel CDK5-binding partners, KIAA0528 and fibroblast growth factor (acidic) intracellular binding protein (FIBP), in non-neuronal cells. We showed that these three proteins form a stable complex, with KIAA0528 and FIBP being required for the assembly and stability of the complex. Furthermore, CDK5-, KIAA0528-, or FIBP-depleted breast cancer cells displayed impaired proliferation and decreased migration, suggesting that this complex is required for cell growth and migration in non-neural cells. Our study uncovers new aspects of CDK functions, which provide direction for further investigation of these critical protein kinases.
Relapse Prevention and Acute Treatment for Chronic Depression: One Treatment Concept for Two Forms of Depression?

in the field of relapse prevention, but also for the acute treatment of chronic This provides an overview of sub-stantial etiology models and treatment methods for recurrent and chronic depression. Here, it is hypothesized that cognitive processes similar to those that are be-lieved to be crucial in the emergence of a relapse are also contributing to maintaining depressive symptoms in chronic depression. The present article focuses on the modification of these intrapsychological factors through methods of decentering as a way of modifying the perception of cognitive processes, as well as on boosting motivational aspects with regard to a more efficient long-term prevention. The integration of new approaches to alter cognitive and motivational processes is a promising perspecitve for the development of a more effective and overarching cognitive concept.
Heteroresistance of Cryptococcus gattii to Fluconazole (cid:1)

We analyzed 71 clinical and environmental Cryptococcus gattii strains that had been isolated before or after the advent of azole antifungals to determine their level of heteroresistance to ﬂuconazole (LHF). All strains of C. gattii manifested heteroresistance, with LHFs that ranged between 4 (cid:1) g/ml and 32 (cid:1) g/ml. A considerably higher proportion of the C. gattii strains (86%) than Cryptococcus neoformans strains (46%) exhibited LHFs that were > 16 (cid:1) g/ml. No signiﬁcant correlation was observed between the molecular type or serotypes of strains and their respective LHF. The strains which expressed a higher LHF were also more resistant to xenobiotics than the strains with a low LHF, and the level of resistance to xenobiotics was signiﬁcantly higher than that reported for C. neoformans . The heteroresistant subpopulation, whose level of drug resistance had been raised in a stepwise manner to 64 (cid:1) g/ml, reverted to the original LHF upon daily transfers in drug-free medium. Importantly, the strains with high LHFs were signiﬁcantly more virulent than those with low LHFs. Since all the clinical isolates that had not been exposed to azole drugs as well as the environmental strains manifested heteroresistance to ﬂuconazole, heteroresistance
A case study on phenology and colonisation of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Sáringer-Kenyeres, M. , & Kenyeres, Z. : A case study on phenology and colonisation of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) . Abstract : We investigated phenology of the invasive Aedes japonicus japonicus at Lake Balaton for two years. From July of 2017, the relative abundance of the species showed a sharp increase in the studied breeding-site – at the same time, the frequency of previously dominant species of the local larval assemblage ( Ae. genicu- latus and Culex pipiens pipiens ) declined. In the spring of 2018, the larval assemblage was already dominated by Ae. j. japonicus , and in the rest of the year, following a minor decline in September, the relative abundance of the species continued to increase. Based on our results, Ae. j. japonicus occupied rainwater collecting barrel which had been previously considered the main habitat for Cx. p. pipiens .
Adhesion and Cytotoxicity Autoimmune Alopecia via Enhanced T Cell Epidermal Cadm1 Expression Promotes

Autoimmune alopecia is characterized by an extensive epidermal T cell inﬁltrate that mediates hair follicle destruction. We have investigated the role of cell adhesion molecule 1 (Cadm1; Necl2) in this disease. Cadm1 is expressed by epidermal cells and mediates heterotypic adhesion to lymphocytes expressing class 1-restricted T cell-associated molecule (CRTAM). Using a murine autoimmune alopecia model, we observed an increase in early-activated cytotoxic (CD8-restricted, CRTAM-expressing) T cells, which preferentially associated with hair follicle keratinocytes expressing Cadm1. Coculture with Cadm1-transduced MHC-matched APCs stimulated alopecic lymph node cells to release IL-2 and IFN- g . Overexpression of Cadm1 in cultured human keratinocytes did not promote cytokine secretion, but led to increased adhesion of alopecic cytotoxic T cells and enhanced T cell cytotoxicity in an MHC-independent manner. Epidermal overexpression of Cadm1 in transgenic mice led to increased autoimmune alopecia susceptibility relative to nontransgenic littermate controls. Our ﬁndings reveal that Cadm1 expression in the hair follicle plays a role in autoimmune alopecia. The Journal of Immunology , 2012, 188: 000–000.
MINIREVIEW Biodegradation, Biotransformation, and Biocatalysis (B3)

Biodegradation, Biotransformation, and Biocatalysis (B3) R. E. Parales,* N. C. Bruce, A. Schmid, and L. P. Wackett Department of Microbiology and Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Biotechnology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
Ultrasound guided diagnosis of anoestrus and its treatment in postpartum crossbred Holstein-Friesian cows

This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using ultrasonography for diagnosis of postpartum anoestrus followed by its effective management and treatment in crossbred (Holstein-Friesian X zebu) cows. A total of 57 crossbred lactating cows with unobserved oestrus for ≥60 days postpartum was examined by ultrasonography at Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF), Savar, Dhaka. Cows were divided into silent oestrus and true anoestrus groups by ultrasonography. The pregnancy was diagnosed transrectally using ultrasonography 28 - 35 days after AI. Cows with silent oestrus were treated with Cloprostenol (500 μg) followed by AI or with 2 doses of Cloprostenol 10 days apart followed by AI at observed oestrus. The true anoestrus cows were supplied with anthelmintic and vitamin ADE injection with balanced nutrition, treated with Gonadorelin (500 μg) followed by AI or with Gonadorelin followed by injecting Cloprostenol at 7 days interval and AI at observed oestrus. All cows with silent oestrus and true anoestrus were divided into different body condition score (BCS), milk yield, age and parity groups to determine their influence on outcome of treatment. Out of 57 anoestrus cows examined, 56% were confirmed as silent oestrus and 44% were confirmed as true anoestrus. In silent oestrus, 71% cows showed cyclicity and 43% became pregnant after treatment with Cloprostenol and 78% cows showed cyclicity and 50% became pregnant after treatment with 2 doses of Cloprostenol 10 days interval (P>0.05). In true anoestrus group, 60% cows showed cyclicity and 40% became pregnant when balanced diet was supplemented. Around 78% cows showed cyclicity and 44% became pregnant after treatment with Gonadorelin and 91% cows showed cyclicity and 55% became pregnant when Gonadorelin was followed by Cloprostenol at 7 days interval (P>0.05). Significant (P<0.05) influence of parity was observed in post-treatment cyclicity in true anoestrus cows. The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 33-41
New insights into vestibular-saccade interaction based on covert corrective saccades in patients with unilateral vestibular deﬁcits

New insights into vestibular-saccade interaction based on covert corrective sac- cades in patients with unilateral vestibular deﬁcits. J Neurophysiol 117: 2017. response to passive high-acceleration head impulses, patients with low vestibulo-ocular reﬂex (VOR) gains often produce covert (executed while the head is still moving) corrective saccades in the direction of deﬁcient slow phases. Here we examined 23 patients using passive, and 9 also active, head impulses with acute ( (cid:2) 10 days from onset) unilateral vestibular neuritis and low VOR gains. We found that when corrective saccades are larger than 10°, the slow-phase component of the VOR is inhibited, even though inhibition increases further the time to reacquire the ﬁxation target. We also found that 1 ) saccades are faster and more accurate if the residual VOR gain is higher, 2 ) saccades also compensate for the head displacement that occurs during the saccade, and 3 ) the amplitude-peak velocity relationship of the larger corrective saccades deviates from that of head-ﬁxed saccades of the same size. We propose a mathematical model to account for these ﬁndings hypothesizing that covert saccades are driven by a desired gaze position signal based on a prediction of head displacement using vestibular and extravestibular signals, covert saccades are controlled by a gaze feedback loop, and the VOR command is modulated according to predicted saccade amplitude. A central and novel feature of the model is that the brain develops two separate estimates of head rotation, one for generating saccades while the head is moving and the other for generating slow phases. The value of the prediction gain (pG), ranging between 0 and 1, results in H (cid:2) ˆ being a scaled version of actual head velocity. The estimate of head position is obtained by integration of the velocity estimate. For simulating each head impulse, the input to the model was the recorded head velocity, the VOR gain was set to the experimentally measured value and the values of vsG and pG, which were constant for the entire duration of each head impulse, were optimized using a nonlinear least-squares solver (MATLAB, MathWorks) to ﬁt the eye velocity data during the saccade correction. In these simulations the corrective saccade was triggered at the start point identiﬁed on the eye movement data. A fully working version of the model together with the data acquired in Pavia and the scripts for running it are available at https://github.com/bioingpv/GazeStabilizationHeadImpulses.
Small product sets in compact groups

We show in this paper that a sub-critical pair $(A,B)$ of sufficiently "spread-out" Borel sets in a compact and second countable group $K$ with an \emph{abelian} identity component, must reduce to a Sturmian pair in either $\bT$ or $\bT \rtimes \{-1,1\}$. This extends a classical result of Kneser.
Nucleobase-containing compounds evoke behavioral, olfactory and transcriptional responses using two model fishes.

The sensory system of animals detects a massive and unknown array of chemical cues that evoke a diversity of physiological and behavioural responses. One group of nitrogen-containing carbon ring chemicals — nucleobases — are thought to be involved in numerous behaviours yet have received little attention. We took a top-down approach to examine responses evoked by nucleobases at behavioural, tissue, and gene expression levels. Fish generally avoided nucleobases, and this behaviour, when observed, was driven by purines but not pyrimidines. At the tissue level, olfactory neuron generator potential responses tended to be concentration specific and robust at concentrations lower than amino acid detection ranges. In terms of gene expression, more than 2000 genes were significantly upregulated following nucleobase exposure, some of which were expected (e.g., genes involved in purine binding) and some of which were not (e.g., tubulin-related genes). Humanized RNA pathway analysis showed that we had exposed the animal to a nucleobase. Our data indicate that responses to nucleobase-containing compounds may be highly structure based and are evident from changes in behaviour to mRNA expression. Many of these responses were surprising, and all provide numerous routes for further research endeavour.
BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online Does contralateral delay activity reﬂect working memory storage or the current focus of spatial attention within visual working memory?

During the retention of visual information in working memory, event-related brain potentials show a sustained negativity over posterior visual regions contralateral to the side where memorised stimuli were presented. This contralateral delay activity (CDA) is generally believed to be a neural marker of working memory storage. In two experiments, we contrasted this storage account of the CDA with the alternative hypothesis that the CDA reflects the current focus of spatial attention on a subset of memorized items set up during the most recent encoding episode. We employed a sequential loading procedure where participants memorised four task-relevant items that were presented in two successive memory displays (M1 and M2). In both experiments, CDA components were initially elicited contralateral to task-relevant items in M1. Critically, the CDA switched polarity when M2 displays appeared on the opposite side. In line with the attentional activation account, these reversed CDA components exclusively reflected the number of items that were encoded from M2 displays, irrespective of how many M1 items were already held in working memory. On trials where M1 and M2 displays were presented on the same side, and on trials where M2 displays appeared non-laterally, CDA components elicited in the interval after M2 remained sensitive to a residual trace of M1 items, indicating that some activation of previously stored items was maintained across encoding episodes. These results challenge the hypothesis that CDA amplitudes directly reflect the total number of stored objects, and suggest that the CDA is primarily sensitive to the activation of a subset of working memory representations within the current focus of spatial attention.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Hierarchical text classification and evaluation

Hierarchical Classiﬁcation refers to assigning of one or more suitable categories from a hierarchical category space to a document. While previous work in hierarchical classiﬁcation focused on virtual category trees where documents are assigned only to the leaf categories, we propose a top-down level-based classiﬁcation method that can classify documents to both leaf and internal categories. As the standard performance measures assume independence between categories, they have not considered the documents incorrectly classiﬁed into categories that are similar or not far from the correct ones in the category tree. We therefore propose the Category-Similarity Measures and Distance-Based Measures to consider the degree of misclassiﬁcation in measuring the classiﬁcation performance. An experiment has been carried out to measure the performance of our proposed hierarchical classiﬁcation method. The results showed that our method performs well for Reuters text collection when enough training documents are given and the new measures have indeed considered the contributions of misclassiﬁed documents.
RMHP_A_320421 3167..3177

1Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; 2Community Medicine Department, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia; 3Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia; 4Neuro-Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; 5Internal Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 6Internal Medicine Department, King Fahd Hospital, Albaha, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt Purpose: To assess mental well-being (MW), self-efficacy (SE), and their predictors among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study recruited 1046 HCWs by cluster random sampling technique. Socio-demographic, health, and occupational characteristics were collected for all participants. The WHO five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used to assess MW and SE of the participants, respectively. The binary logistic regression model was fit to the dependent (outcomes), namely mental well-being and self-efficacy, and independent other variables (predictors). Results: Out of all participants (n=1046), 27.2% had negative MW scores, and 36.6% had low SE scores. The mean scores of both MW and SE were in the normal levels (16.7±5.90 and 31.5±6.63 out of 25 and 40, respectively). Younger and older ages, irregular exercise, nursing professions, history of anxiety and/or depression, lesser years of experience, and longer daily working hours were found to be the main predictors of negative MW and low SE, among study participants. Conclusion: Mental well-being (MW) and self-efficacy (SE) of the HCWs in Saudi Arabia are satisfactory but attention should be paid towards supporting the vulnerable groups for promoting the resilience of HCWs during the battle against the current pandemic.
1 PD-1 upregulation is correlated with HIV-specific memory CD8 + T-cell exhaustion in typical progressors, but not in long-term non-progressors

The immunoreceptor PD-1 is significantly upregulated on exhausted CD8 + T cells during chronic viral infections like HIV-1. However, it remains unknown whether PD-1 expression on CD8 + T cells differs between typical progressors (TP) and long-term non-progressors (LTNP). In this report, we examined PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8 + T cells from 63 adults with chronic HIV infection. We found that LTNP exhibited functional HIV-specific memory CD8 + T cells with markedly lower PD-1 expression. TP, in contrast, showed significantly up-regulated PD-1 expression that was closely correlated with a reduction in CD4 T-cell number and an elevation in plasma viral load. Importantly, PD-1 upregulation was also associated with reduced perforin and IFN- γ production, as well as decreased HIV-specific effector memory CD8 + T-cell proliferation in TP but not LTNP individuals. Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interactions efficiently restored HIV-specific CD8 + T-cell effector function and proliferation. Taken together, these findings confirm the hypothesis that high PD-1 upregulation mediates HIV-specific CD8 + T-cell exhaustion. Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may represent a new therapeutic option for this disease, and provide more insight into immune pathogenesis in LTNP individuals. of PD-1 expression correlates extent HIV-specific CD8 + T-cell exhaustion high HIV antigen levels may drive PD-1 expression. also demonstrate that blocking the PD-1/PD-L pathway increases T cell proliferation and effector cytokine production. these suggest that the PD-1/PD-L pathway may be operating during chronic HIV infection. However, it remains unclear whether PD-1 on CD8 + T cells differs between LTNP suggest that PD-1 upregulation on HIV-specific CD8 + T cells is associated with disease progression in HIV-infected patients.
Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people with psychosis with psychosis

and use of standard diagnostic of psychosis and use of standard diagnostic criteria. classification criteria. rigour were combined. Studies of varying methodologies andmethodological rigour were combined. && Pooling studies from differentcountries and time periods maybe problematic. Pooling studies from differentcountries and time periods maybe problematic. && A more fine-grained approach to examining how data collection differed across A more fine-grained approach to examining how data collection differed across studies was notundertaken. studies was notundertaken.