Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxfordian–Berriasian Stratigraphy of the North American Paleomargin in Western Cuba: Constraints for the Geological History of the Proto-Caribbean and the Early Gulf of Mexico

Many models that attempt to interpret the regional geology of the Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico area share the handicap of paying little attention to precise data from Cuba despite its location at the North American-proto-Caribbean paleoboundary. The North American Mesozoic paleomargin crops out along northern Cuba, an area where many wells have encountered Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks. In this chapter, we present a stratigraphic interpretation of the North American passive continental paleomargin recognized in the Guaniguanico mountains (western Cuba) and identify the main geological events recorded in their Oxfordian to Berriasian sections. We correlate these sections with other Mesozoic passive paleomargin sections in Cuba, including the Escambray and Isle of Youth metamorphic terranes. These sections and those in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico record early stages of the disintegration of Pangea in Mesoamerica and the early development of the southeastern Gulf of Mexico and westernmost Tethys (proto-Caribbean). In all, two main sequences can be distinguished: (1) a lower terrigenous one and (2) an upper marine carbonate sequence. The transition from terrigenous to carbonate sedimentation occured during the late middle Oxfordian in western Cuba (and possibly in the Escambray mountains of central Cuba). In Placetas zone of central Cuba, the terrigenous-carbonate transition spans from Kimmeridgian to Berriasian. Transgression occurred close to the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian boundary. Deeper depositional conditions started during the Tithonian along the paleomargin in northern Cuba. This event may be correlated with the beginning of the drowning and stepback of the small carbonate platforms developed in the southeastern Gulf. Spreading and rifting ceased in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico when the Yucatan block reached its present position in the earliest Cretaceous. The unconformity that records the change in tectonic setting is called the late Berriasian surface, but our reinterpretation of biostratigraphic data indicates that the age of generalized flooding is middle Berriasian. In middle and late Berriasian times, a belt of deep-water carbonates surrounded the northern margin of the proto-Caribbean (westernmost Tethys). Extensive carbonate banks developed on the Bahamas-Florida platform and surrounded the emergent Yucatan Platform.
Greater than the sum of the parts? unpacking ethics of care within a community supported agriculture scheme

Book synopsis: Reconnecting so-called alternative food geographies back to the mainstream food system - especially in light of the discursive and material 'transgressions' currently happening between alternative and conventional food networks, this volume critically interrogates and evaluates what stands for 'food politics' in these spaces of transgression now and in the near future and addresses questions such as: What constitutes 'alternative' food politics specifically and food politics more generally when organic and other 'quality' foods have become mainstreamed? What has been the contribution so far of an 'alternative food movement' and its potential to leverage further progressive change and/or make further inroads into conventional systems? What are the empirical and theoretical bases for understanding the established and growing 'transgressions' between conventional and alternative food networks? Offering a better understanding of the evolving position of the corporate food system vis a vis alternative food networks, this book considers the prospects for economic, social, cultural and material transformations led by an increasingly powerful and legitimated alternative food network.
Respuesta inmune post vacunación para la hepatitis B y tuberculosis en niños de 10 años. Consolación del Sur / Immune response after vaccination for hepatitis B and tuberculosis in children under 10, Consolación del Sur

En Cuba, el control de las enfermedades infecciosas constituye una de las estrategias priorizadas del Ministerio de Salud Publica, y en aquellas que para su prevencion y erradicacion existen vacunas con eficacia y calidad probada, de manera sistematica se orienta conocer su inmunogenicidad mediante estudios longitudinales e intervencionales. En este estudio se incluyeron la antihepatitis B y el BCG; ambas vacunas forman parte del Programa Nacional de Inmunizacion. Se evaluo la respuesta celular mediante metodo Inmunoenzimatico (ELISA) para la antihepatitis B y observacion de la huella para el BCG, a 498 ninos de 10 anos nacidos en el ano 1994, pertenecientes al municipio Consolacion del Sur, en la provincia de Pinar del Rio, que habian recibido el esquema propuesto para ambas vacunas en la infancia. Se determino que existio asociacion en la respuesta inmune para ambas vacunas pasados 10 anos de aplicadas. El normo peso al nacer tuvo un efecto protector para la respuesta inmune del BCG; sin embargo, para la antihepatitis B y el bajo peso al nacer se observo una alta significacion estadistica en aquellos que no alcanzaron valores de Seroproteccion. No obstante, se comprobo la calidad de las vacunas estudiadas, evidenciado por la ausencia de marcadores de infeccion para ambas enfermedades. Palabras Clave: Enfermedades infecciosas/ epidemiologia; bcg y antihepatitis b/ vacunas; respuesta inmune/ inmunologia; programa nacional de inmunizacion/ prevencion y control ABSTRACT Controlling infectious deseases constitutes one of the top priorities of the Ministry of Public Health in Cuba, and in those diseases that there is an efficient vaccine for prevention and complete elimination, knowing its immunogenicity is oriented by means of interventionist and lifetime research. In this study both, antihepatitis B and BCG were included, constituting also part of the National Program of Immunization. In this study, the cell response was evaluated by means of the inmunoenzimatic method (ELISA) for antihepatitis B, and the observation of scar or trace for BCG in 498 children born in 1994 and living in Consolacion del Sur, Pinar del Rio province, that had previously received a scheme for both vaccines during their chilhood. Associations in immune responses for both vaccines were determined after 10 years. Newborn with normal weight had a protection effect for BCG immune response, however, for antihepatitis B and low weight newborn, a high statistical significance was observed in those that did not get Seroprotection levels. Despite of this, the quality of the vaccines was proved, evidenced by the absence of infection markers for both diseases. Key Words: Infectious deseases/ epidemiology; bcg and antihepatitis b/ vaccines; immune response/ immunology; national program of immunization/ prevention and control.
An Analysis on the Determinants of Mountainous and Coastal Area's Housing Value Caused by the Characteristics of the Natural Environment

ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze determinants of mountainous and coastal area’s housing value caused by the characteristics of the na tural environment. As the current issue of housing value is throwing the spotlight on the climate change recently, environmental feat ures are significantly important than before. There were a lot of studies on the influence of environmental characteristics to the housi ng price but these studies were mostly dealing with the housing price in especially apartments nearby Han-river in Seoul, South Korea. T o have differences with existing studies, environmental characteristics estimating housing value are classified as 8 elements includin g the view, the wind speed, and the humidity. The result of this study is in following; there were few significant environmental variables in mountainous housing value growth model. This means people living in mountainous area recognize on environmental factors more such as housing or complex characteristics. People living in coastal area are much more sensitive environment variables in their residence value than mountainous area. Especially, the view for the ocean is the most important variable in housing value, and wind speed is second positively significant. Humidity and safety of disaster are negatively significant variables.Keywords : Natural Environment, Housing Value, Mountainous Area, Coastal Area, Ordinal Logit Model초 록본 연구는 자연환경 특성에 따른 산지형 및 해안형 아파트의 주거가치 상승 결정요인 비교 분석을 목적으로 수행한다 . 최근 주거가치의 쟁점은 기후 변화이고, 자연환경 요인이 점점 중요한 요소로 인식되어왔다. 그래서 많은 연구들이 자연환경이 주거가치에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 많이 수행되었지만, 대부분 서울 한강 근처의 아파트를 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구는 선행연구와의 차이점을 위하여, 자연환경 요인들을 조망, 체감풍속, 체감습도 등의 8가지 요인으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다; 산지형 아파트의 경우에는 유의한 자연환경적 요소가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 이것은 산지형 아파트에 거주하는 사람들은 환경적 요소보다는 주택특성이나 다른 특성들을 더 중요하게 생각하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 반면, 해안형 아파트 거주민들은 산지형 아파트 거주민들에 비해 자연환경적 요소들을 중요하게 인식하고 있다고 나타났다. 특히, 해안지역의 조망여부는 주거가치 상승의 가장 중요한 요소로 나타났으며 체감풍속은 두 번째로 중요한 변수로 나타났다 . 습도와 재해에 대한 안전도는 부정적 변수로 나타났다. 검색어 : 자연환경, 주거가치, 산지형 지역, 해안형 지역, 순서형로짓모델 Regional and Urban Planning
Three-dimensional stability charts for slopes based on limit analysis methods

This paper uses finite element upper and lower bound limit analysis to produce chart solutions for three-dimensional (3D) natural slopes for both short- and long-term stability. The presented chart solutions are convenient tools that can be used for preliminary design purposes. The rigorous limit analysis results in this paper were found to bracket the true factor of safety within ±10% or better, which can be used as a benchmark for the solutions from other methods. The depth of the slip surfaces is observed to be generally shallow for most analyzed cases, particularly for the long-term slope stability problem. In addition, it was found that using a two-dimensional (2D) analysis may lead to significant differences in estimating safety factors, which can differ by 2%–60% depending on the slope geometry and soil properties. Therefore, great care and judgement are required when applying 2D analyses to 3D slope problems.
Assessment of environmental degradation in Northern Ghana: A GIS based participatory approach

The task of understanding how human actions interact in a complex way to bring about environmental degradation requires a holistic research approach. This thesis examines the potential application of a GIS based participatory approach in the assessment of environmental degradation in northern Ghana. It is a development of GIS in participatory research earlier proposed by Abbot et al. (1998) and modified by Williams and Dunn (2003) to assess the impacts of landmines in Cambodia. Using the DPSIR (Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) framework of the European Environmental Agency as an assessment framework, conventional GIS techniques were integrated with participatory research tools, dubbed "community truthing", to assess the state of the environment, evaluate the driving forces, assess the impact, evaluate community coping strategies and their responses towards a better environment. The developed assessment framework was tested for its robustness in the Bolgatanga and Talensi-Nabdam districts of northern Ghana. While most of the study area was a healthy environment in 1990, by 2004 about 600 km2 of the land area was degraded to the point where it could not be used for any commercial purposes. Spatially, the problem was more pronounced in the mid-north of Bolgatanga and northeast of Talensi-Nabdam as identified from fieldwork and the interpretation of satellite images. It was observed that the problem of environmental degradation is aggravated by socio-economic and cultural processes that motivate individuals to engage in activities that exert many pressures on theenvironment. Impacts were evaluated to include threats of desertification, food shortages, cross-cultural tensions, health risk and reduction in living standards. Driving force reduction, effective environmental management practices, environmental awareness programmes and compensation to affected communities were responses participants perceived would help realise a better future environment. Based on the research findings, the thesis concludes that the developed assessment framework is an effective means of organising complex environmental information for environmental decision making.
New data on Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian deposits of Bol'shevik Island, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago

We present here a detailed study of the Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian stratigraphy of Bol'shevik Island in the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, consisting of the analysis of sedimentary structures and lithostratigraphy, U/Pb detrital zircon dating and structural studies. The preserved sedimentary structures suggest that the studied strata were deposited in a relatively small meandering fluvial system. U/Pb dating of detrital zircons reveals that the Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian sandstones contain a primary age population ranging from 450 to 570 millions of years, with a predominance of Early–Middle Ordovician zircons. This detrital zircon distribution indicates that the studied formations were derived locally from the erosion of Lower Ordovician deposits of Bol'shevik Island or elsewhere in the archipelago. Our structural studies suggest that Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian deposits are deformed into a series of west–north-west verging open asymmetric folds, suggesting a west–north-west direction of tectonic transport and that deformation across the island is post-Early Permian in age.
Final Report for LCM2007 - the new UK land cover map. Countryside Survey Technical Report No 11/07

Land Cover Map 2007 (LCM2007) is the first UK land cover map with land parcels (the spatial framework) derived from national cartography by a generalisation (simplification) process. This dramatically improves spatial and thematic accuracy and better represents real world objects. The GB framework is based on Ordnance Survey Master Map topography layer (hereafter referred to as OSMM) and the NI framework is based on cartographic data from Ordnance Survey Northern Ireland (now part of Land & Property Services). The spatial framework has been further refined by supplementing the generalised national cartography with agricultural census data boundaries and image segments. LCM2007 is the first land cover map to provide continuous vector coverage of UK Broad Habitats derived from satellite data. It contains almost 10 million land parcels (8.6 million for GB; 0.9 million for NI).
Highly reactive light‐dependent monoterpenes in the Amazon

Despite orders of magnitude difference in atmospheric reactivity and great diversity in biological functioning, little is known about monoterpene speciation in tropical forests. Here we report vertically resolved ambient air mixing ratios for 12 monoterpenes in a central Amazon rainforest including observations of the highly reactive cis‐β‐ocimene (160 ppt), trans‐β‐ocimene (79 ppt), and terpinolene (32 ppt) which accounted for an estimated 21% of total monoterpene composition yet 55% of the upper canopy monoterpene ozonolysis rate. All 12 monoterpenes showed a mixing ratio peak in the upper canopy, with three demonstrating subcanopy peaks in 7 of 11 profiles. Leaf level emissions of highly reactive monoterpenes accounted for up to 1.9% of photosynthesis confirming light‐dependent emissions across several Amazon tree genera. These results suggest that highly reactive monoterpenes play important antioxidant roles during photosynthesis in plants and serve as near‐canopy sources of secondary organic aerosol precursors through atmospheric photooxidation via ozonolysis.
Viewing the Tectonic Evolution of The Kamchatka-Aleutian (KAT) Connection With an Alaska Crustal Extrusion Perspective

The Kamchatka and Aleutian (KAT) arc-trench systems meet orthogonally at Cape Kamchatka Peninsula. The KAT connection is the intersection of the NE-striking Kamchatka subduction zone and the NW-striking, transform setting of the western, Komandorsky sector of the Aleutian Ridge. Deciphering the origin and evolution of the KAT connection is challenging because of the paucity of constraining information about the age and latitude of formation of major crustal blocks of the deep water Bering Sea Basin. It is proposed that in the late early Eocene (∼50 Ma) the combined tectonic machinery of subduction zone obstruction and continental margin extrusion created the tectonic and rock architecture of the Aleutian-Bering Sea region. Accretion of the Olyutorsky arc to the north Kamchatka-Koryak subduction zone forced the offshore formation of the Aleutian subduction zone (SZ), added a sector of Pacific crust-Aleutia-to the North America plate, and established the KAT connection. Subsequently, but also in the middle Eocene, extrusion of Alaska crust southwestward across the Beringian margin connecting Alaska and NE Russia buckled Aleutia and forced the offshore formation of the Shirshov and Bowers SZs. Extrusion was driven by northward oblique underthrusting beneath British Columbia and SE Alaska. In the early Tertiary the Aleutian and Kamchatka SZs, linked at the KAT connection, thus consumed northwest moving crust of the Pacific Basin and within the Bering Sea the Beringian, Shirshov, and Bowers SZs accommodated SW extruding Alaska and captured Aleutia crust. Since the early Miocene extrusion space has been provided by the Aleutian SZ. Arc-arc collisions at the KAT connection have been guided by the right-lateral Bering-Kresta shear zone, which lies at the Bering Sea base of the Komandorsky section and terminates at Cape Kamchatka Peninsula. In the past the tectonic connection with Kamchatka may have been farther to the north.
Maximum floodflows in the conterminous United States

Peak floodflows from thousands of observation sites within the conterminous United States were studied to provide a guide for estimating potential maximum floodflows. Data were selected from 883 sites with drainage areas ofless than 10,000 square miles (25,900 square kilometers) and were grouped into regional sets. Outstanding floods for each region were plotted on graphs, and envelope curves were computed that offer reasonable limits for estimates of maximum floods. The curves indicate that floods may occur that are two to three times greater than those known for most streams. INTRODUCTION Throughout history the borderlands of streams and lakes have been the pivotal regions about which human activities have centered. From earliest times our sustenance, work, and transport have required that we be close to the watercourse, the lake, or the sea. Most of the time the river serves us well, but occasionally its flow becomes unmanageable and can suddenly become a threat. Today floods pose a greater menace to our welfare than ever before because we live in larger numbers beside water and have developed such a complex reliance upon it. We must therefore know as much as possible about the size of floods, especially major ones. In this report the meaning of flood is limited to the quantity of flow (discharge) rather than stage (the height to which the water rises). Generally, at times of great floods, maximum discharge occurs when stage is highest; however, other factors such as ice jams may change this. An extreme flood is usually caused by heavy rainfall at a time when conditions allow the highest possible rates of runoff. The size of the largest probable flood cannot be defined; however, a range of conditions may be established in which high floods may occur, based on past floods of streams having similar flood potential. In other words, what has happened in the past furnishes the best estimate of what may happen in the future. Maximum floodflows from small basins are generally caused by intense, often short, storms over a small area. Maximum flood-
The Strategic Importance of Predictive Uncertainty in Conjoint Design

Abstract Even if firms have precise partworth estimates, predictive uncertainty (which arises due to randomness in customer behavior and attributes not included in the conjoint study) has strate-gic implications. Firms make strategic errors that reduce profits if they overestimate or underes-timate predictive uncertainty. If firms use low-quality market research and thus overestimate un-certainty in prediction, they might forego strategic differentiation of product positions and earn less profit in equilibrium. Conversely, if firms evaluate predictive uncertainty with calibration data only, rather than external validation tests, they might underestimate uncertainty and choose differentiated positions that are not as profitable in equilibrium. We demonstrate these effects theoretically and empirically, with applications to simulated partworths and a real conjoint study on student apparel. In an apparel application, we find that high-design-quality and low-design-quality conjoint studies lead to different uncertainties, different heterogeneity estimates, and dif-ferent strategic positions. Firms that rely on low-design-quality studies or ignore external-validity uncertainty make strategic errors and choose strategies that leave money on the table. Keywords:
Flow Characteristics of Rectangular Broad-Crested Weirs with Sloped Upstream Face

Flow Characteristics of Rectangular Broad-Crested Weirs with Sloped Upstream Face The hydraulc characteristics of flow over rectangular broad-crested weirs with varying upstream slopes were experimentally studied. A series of laboratory experiments was performed to investigate the effects of changing upstream slopes from 90° to 75°, 60°, 45°, 30°, 22.5°, 15°, and 10° on the flow surface pattern, discharge coefficient values, approach velocity profile and flow separation zone. In addition, a new mathematical relationship for water surface profile and a new correction factor to estimate discharge coefficient over weirs with various upstream slopes were introduced. The results showed decreasing upstream slopes from 90° to 10° leading to increasing discharge coefficient values and dissipation of the separation zone. Prietokové Charakteristiky Pravouhlého Priepadu SO Širokou Priepadovou Hranou so Skloneným Návodným Povrchom Práca obsahuje výsledky experimentálneho štúdia prietoku vody cez pravouhlý priepad so širokou priepadovou hranou s rozdielnymi sklonmi návodného povrchu priepadu. Uskutočnili sme sériu laboratórnych pokusov s cieľom štúdia vplyvu rôznych sklonov návodného povrchu priepadu od 90°, 75°, 60°, 45°, 30°, 22,5°, 15°, až po 10° na tvar hladiny, hodnoty prietokového súčiniteľa, rýchlostné profily a na prúdenie v oblasti separácie. Okrem toho boli zistené nové matematické vzťahy na výpočet tvaru hladiny, ako aj nové korekčné faktory na určenie prietokových súčiniteľov cez priepad s rozdielnymi sklonmi návodného povrchu. Z výsledkov vyplýva, že znižujúce sa sklony návodného povrchu priepadu od 90° po 10° vedú k zvýšeniu prietokového súčiniteľa a k disipácii oblasti separácie.