Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Phytosynthesized Selenium and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against Stripe Rust Disease

In this study, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) were synthesized by using the extract of Melia azedarach leaves, and Acorus calamusas rhizomes, respectively, and investigated for the biological and sustainable control of yellow, or stripe rust, disease in wheat. The green synthesized NPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SeNPs and CeONPs, with different concentrations (i.e., 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L), were exogenously applied to wheat infected with Puccinia striformis. SeNPs and CeONPs, at a concentration of 30 mg/L, were found to be the most suitable concentrations, which reduced the disease severity and enhanced the morphological (plant height, root length, shoot length, leaf length, and ear length), physiological (chlorophyll and membrane stability index), biochemical (proline, phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant (SOD and POD) parameters. The antioxidant activity of SeNPs and CeONPs was also measured. For this purpose, different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 400 ppm) of both SeNPs and CeONPs were used. The concentration of 400 ppm most promoted the DPPH, ABTS and reducing power activity of both SeNPs and CeONPs. This study is considered the first biocompatible approach to evaluate the potential of green synthesized SeNPs and CeONPs to improve the health of yellow, or stripe rust, infected wheat plants and to provide an effective management strategy to inhibit the growth of Puccinia striformis.
Congruences with intervals and subgroups modulo a prime

We obtain new results about the representation of almost all residues modulo a prime $p$ by a product of a small integer and also an element of small multiplicative subgroup of $({\mathbb Z}/p{\mathbb Z})^*$. These results are based on some ideas, and their modifications, of a recent work of J. Cilleruelo and M. Z. Garaev (2014),
Excluding long paths

Ding (1992) proved that for each integer ${m} \geqslant 0$, and every infinite sequence of finite simple graphs $G_1, G_2, \ldots$, if none of these graphs contains a path of length ${m}$ as a subgraph, then there are indices $i < j$ such that $G_i$ is isomorphic to an induced subgraph of $G_j$. We generalise this result to infinite graphs, possibly with parallel edges and loops.
Polygonal negative hyperbolic rotopulsators of the curved $n$-body problem

For the $n$-body problem in spaces of negative constant Gaussian curvature, we prove for a class of negative hyperbolic rotopulsators that if that class exists, the configurations of the point masses of these rotopulsators have to be regular polygons if the rotopulsators are not relative equilibria. Additionally, we prove that if the rotopulsators are relative equilibria, there exists at most one such solution.
Quantifying Expert Opinion in Linear Regression Problems

SUMMARY This paper describes a method for choosing a natural conjugate prior distribution for a normal linear sampling model. A person using the method to quantify his/her opinions performs specified elicitation tasks. The hyperparameters of the conjugate distribution are estimated from the elicited values. The method is designed to require elicitation tasks that people can perform competently and introduces a type of task not previously reported. A property of the method is that the assessed variance matrices are certain to be positive definite. The method is sufficiently simple to implement with an interactive computer program on a microcomputer. Bayesian statistical methods provide a formal mechanism for taking into account prior knowledge, meaning information available 'prior' to the statistical data to be analysed. In many circumstances, prior knowledge is based on historical data that are only recorded in the form of the personal experience of experts. To use the information, the expert must quantify his/her opinions, by answering comprehensible questions concerning unknown but definite quantities of direct interest. His set of answers should enable a probability distribution to be determined. This distribution must satisfy the usual laws of probability so that, for example, any variance-covariance matrix must be positive definite. In addition, the distribution should be 'accurate' in some sense. For example, the distribution might be required to describe the expert's knowledge closely or, perhaps, to predict subsequent events with relative success. The accuracy of the assessed distribution will depend, in part, on the method of elicitation. In this paper we present a method of assessing a subjective prior distribution for a normal linear sampling model. This is an important task, owing to the wide applicability of such models and the many situations where expert personal opinion could be used more efficiently, communicated more accurately and judged more critically if it were available in a suitable form. We denote a particular setting of the independent variables by x and the dependent variable by y, referring to the former as a design point and the latter as the response. The model specifies that the 'objective' or 'sampling' distribution of y, conditional on x and the sampling model parameters
On graded presentations of Hecke algebras and their generalizations

In this paper, we define a number of closely related isomorphisms. On one side of these isomorphisms sit a number of of algebras generalizing the Hecke and affine Hecke algebras, which we call the "Hecke family"; on the other, we find generalizations of KLR algebras in finite and affine type A, the "KLR family. " We show that these algebras have compatible isomorphisms generalizing those between Hecke and KLR algebras given by Brundan and Kleshchev. This allows us to organize a long list of algebras and categories into a single system, including (affine/cyclotomic) Hecke algebras, (affine/cyclotomic) $q$-Schur algebras, (weighted) KLR algebras, category $\mathcal{O}$ for $\mathfrak{gl}_N$ and for the Cherednik algebras for the groups $\mathbb{Z}/e\mathbb{Z}\wr S_m$, and give graded presentations of all of these objects.
Comparison of steady-state and perturbative transport coefficients in TFTR

Steady‐state and perturbative transport analysis are complementary techniques for the study of transport in tokamaks. These techniques are applied to the investigation of auxiliary‐heated L‐mode and supershot plasmas in the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) [R. J. Hawryluk et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference, Kyoto, 1986 (IAEA, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 51. ]. In the L mode, both steady‐state and perturbative transport measurements reveal a strong temperature dependence that is consistent with electrostatic microinstability theory and the degradation of confinement with neutral beam power. Steady‐state analysis of the ion heat and momentum balance in supershots indicates a reduction and a significant weakening of the power‐law dependence on the transport in the center of the discharge.
Research on the Impact of Rural Land Transfer on Non-Farm Employment of Farm Households: Evidence from Hubei Province, China

Agricultural scale operations and industrialization promote the transfer of the rural labor force to the industry sector, and the non-farm employment of farmers plays a great role in increasing their income and reducing poverty. It is of great significance to explore the non-farm employment of farmers for the governance of relative poverty and the achievement of common prosperity. The propensity score matching (PSM) and generalized propensity score matching (GPSM) were used to analyze the impact of rural land transfer on farm households’ non-farm employment. According to the PSM estimation, compared to the farmers’ land not transferred, the rural land transfer significantly increased the proportion of non-farm employment personnel in farm households and the months of per year non-farm employment per person. The total land transfer, paddy land transfer and dry land transfer could significantly increase the proportion of non-farm employment personnel in farm households by 0.074, 0.029 and 0.085 units, respectively, and could significantly increase the months of per year non-farm employment per person by 0.604, 0.394 and 0.617 units, respectively. According to the GPSM estimation, different types of rural land transfer areas have significant positive effects on the proportion of non-farm workers and the months of per year non-farm employment per person, and show an obvious increasing trend of returns to scale, that is, the proportion of non-farm workers and the months of per year non-farm employment per person of farmers are higher than the increase in rural land transfer area. Additionally, the return to scale effect of dry land transfer area is more obvious. In order to raise the income of farm households and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, the land transfer system can be further improved, urbanization with the county town as an important carrier can be vigorously promoted, the participation of farm households in non-farm employment in the local area can be promoted and the support policy system for non-farm employment of rural labor force can be improved.
Alexander $r$-tuples and Bier complexes

Alexander $r$-tuples are introduced as a common generalization of pairs of Alexander dual complexes (Alexander $2$-tuples) and $r$-unavoidable complexes of Blagojevi\'{c}, Frick and Ziegler. The associated "Bier complexes" include both the Bier spheres and "optimal multiple chessboard complexes" as interesting, special cases. Our main result is Theorem 4.3 saying that (1) the $r$-fold deleted join of Alexander $r$-tuple is a pure complex homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres, and (2) the $r$-fold deleted join of a collectively unavoidable $r$-tuple is $(n-r-1)$-connected. We also give a complete classification (Theorem 5.1 and Corollary 5.2) of Alexander $r$-tuples and Bier complexes.
LOCAL VANISHING AND HODGE FILTRATION FOR RATIONAL SINGULARITIES

Given an $n$-dimensional variety $Z$ with rational singularities, we conjecture that if $f:Y\rightarrow Z$ is a resolution of singularities whose reduced exceptional divisor $E$ has simple normal crossings, then $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle R^{n-1}f_{\ast }\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{Y}(\log E)=0. & & \displaystyle \nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$ We prove this when $Z$ has isolated singularities and when it is a toric variety. We deduce that for a divisor $D$ with isolated rational singularities on a smooth complex $n$-dimensional variety $X$, the generation level of Saito’s Hodge filtration on the localization $\mathscr{O}_{X}(\ast D)$ is at most $n-3$.
The Gromov-Witten Theory of Borcea-Voisin Orbifolds and Its Analytic Continuations

In the early 1990s, Borcea-Voisin orbifolds were some of the ear- liest examples of Calabi-Yau threefolds shown to exhibit mirror symmetry. However, their quantum theory has been poorly investigated. We study this in the context of the gauged linear sigma model, which in their case encom- passes Gromov-Witten theory and its three companions (FJRW theory and two mixed theories). For certain Borcea-Voisin orbifolds of Fermat type, we calculate all four genus zero theories explicitly. Furthermore, we relate the I-functions of these theories by analytic continuation and symplectic transfor- mation. In particular, the relation between the Gromov-Witten and FJRW theories can be viewed as an example of the Landau-Ginzburg/Calabi-Yau correspondence for complete intersections of toric varieties.
Branched twist spins and knot determinants

A branched twist spin is a generalization of twist spun knots, which appeared in the study of locally smooth circle actions on the $4$-sphere due to Montgomery, Yang, Fintushel and Pao. In this paper, we give a sufficient condition to distinguish non-equivalent, non-trivial branched twist spins by using knot determinants. To prove the assertion, we give a presentation of the fundamental group of the complement of a branched twist spin, which generalizes a presentation of Plotnick, calculate the first elementary ideals and obtain the condition of the knot determinants by substituting $-1$ for the indeterminate.
Eco-Driving of General Mixed Platoons With CAVs and HDVs

Eco-driving has been widely investigated over the last decade, but most studies focused on an individual vehicle or a vehicle platoon consisting of pure connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). Recently, mixed vehicle platoons consisting of both CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) have attracted much interest, considering the fact that HDVs will mix with CAVs in the traffic system for a long period. This paper proposes an eco-driving strategy for mixed platoons, composing of both offline planning and online tracking. In offline planning, an energy-efficient speed reference and a gearshift reference are determined by using the characteristics of each vehicle and future traffic information through dynamic programming. Offline planning optimised the vehicle speed and gearshift to allow the vehicle powertrain working at a high efficiency region. In online tracking, two different types of model predictive controls (MPCs) are proposed to control the CAVs in real-time. The MPCs are designed to achieve precise speed reference tracking performance and guarantee platoon string stability, respectively. Meanwhile, HDVs within the mixed platoon can be located anywhere in the platoon except working as the first vehicle to improve flexibility. Therefore, the proposed eco-driving strategy is applicable to mixed platoons with more general structures in ordering. The key contribution of this study is that the proposed eco-driving strategy can optimise the total fuel consumption for general mixed platoons. Simulation results show that the proposed eco-driving strategy improves the fuel economy of a mixed platoon by up to 6.39% compared to the benchmark conventional-adaptive cruise control strategies.
The Potential of Alternaria Toxins Production by A. alternata in Processing Tomatoes

As a filamentous and spoilage fungus, Alternaria spp. can not only infect processing tomatoes, but also produce a variety of mycotoxins which harm the health of human beings. To explore the production of Alternaria toxins in processing tomatoes during growth and storage, four main Alternaria toxins and four conjugated toxins were detected by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS QToF MS) in processing tomatoes on different days after being inoculated with A. alternata. The results show that the content of Alternaria toxins in an in vivo assay is higher than that under field conditions. Tenuazonic acid (TeA) is the predominant toxin detected in the field (205.86~41,389.19 μg/kg) and in vivo (7.64~526,986.37 μg/kg) experiments, and the second-most abundant toxin is alternariol (AOH). In addition, a small quantity of conjugated toxins, AOH-9-glucoside (AOH-9-Glc) and alternariol monomethyl ether-3-glucoside (AME-3-Glc), were screened in the in vivo experiment. This is the first time the potential of Alternaria toxins produced in tomatoes during the harvest period has been studied in order to provide data for the prevention and control of Alternaria toxins.
Functional Integration on Constrained Function Spaces I: Foundations

Analogy with Bayesian inference is used to formulate constraints within a scheme for functional integration proposed by Cartier and DeWitt-Morette. According to the analogy, functional counterparts of conditional and conjugate probability distributions are introduced for integrators. The analysis leads to some new functional integration tools and methods that can be applied to the study of constrained dynamical systems.
Multicomponent Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation on arbitrary symplectic manifolds: A star product approach

It is known that in the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation of multicomponent systems like the Dirac equation or Born–Oppenheimer approximation, an additional phase appears apart from the Berry phase. So far, this phase was only examined in special cases, or under certain restrictive assumptions, namely, that the eigenspaces of the matrix or endomorphism valued symbol of the Hamiltonian form trivial bundles. We give a completely global derivation of this phase which does not depend on any choice of local trivializing sections. This is achieved using a star product approach to quantization. Furthermore, we give a systematic and global approach to a reduction of the problem to a problem defined completely on the different “polarizations. ” Finally, we discuss to what extent it is actually possible to reduce the problem to a really scalar one, and make some comments on obstructions to the existence of global quasiclassical states.
Nonlocal Schrödinger equations for integro-differential operators with measurable kernels

In this paper, we investigate the existence of nonnegative solutions for the problem $$ -\mathcal{L}_{K}u+V(x)u=f(u) $$ in $\mathbb R^n$, where $-\mathcal{L}_{K}$ is a integro-differential operator with measurable kernel $K$ and $V$ is a continuous potential. Under apropriate hypothesis, we prove, using variational methods, that the above equation has solution.
Existence of maximizers for Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequalities on the Heisenberg group

In this paper, we investigate the sharp Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequalities on the Heisenberg group. On one hand, we apply the concentration compactness principle to prove the existence of the maximizers. While the approach here gives a different proof under the special cases discussed in a recent work of Frank and Lieb, we generalize the result to all admissible cases. On the other hand, we provide the upper bounds of sharp constants for these inequalities.
A Kakeya maximal function estimate in four dimensions using planebrushes

We obtain an improved Kakeya maximal function estimate in $\mathbb{R}^4$ using a new geometric argument called the planebrush. A planebrush is a higher dimensional analogue of Wolff's hairbrush, which gives effective control on the size of Besicovitch sets when the lines through a typical point concentrate into a plane. When Besicovitch sets do not have this property, the existing trilinear estimates of Guth-Zahl can be used to bound the size of a Besicovitch set. In particular, we establish a maximal function estimate in $\mathbb{R}^4$ at dimension $3.059$. As a consequence, every Besicovitch set in $\mathbb{R}^4$ must have Hausdorff dimension at least $3.059$.
Fractional powers on noncommutative L p for p

We prove that the homogeneous functional calculus associated to x (cid:55)→ | x | θ or x (cid:55)→ sgn( x ) | x | θ for 0 < θ < 1 is θ -H¨older on selfadjoint elements of noncommutative L p -spaces for 0 < p (cid:54) ∞ with values in L p/θ . This extends an inequality of Birman, Koplienko and Solomjak also obtained by Ando.
Finite Sample Properties of Likelihood Ratio Tests for Cointegrating Ranks when Linear Trends are Present

This paper investigates the finite sample properties of likelihood ratio tests for 'stochastic cointegration' that have recently been proposed by S. Johansen and P. Perron and J. Y. Campbell. The author transforms the model into a canonical form and conducts a comprehensive simulation study. He finds that the test performance is very sensitive to the value of the stationary root(s) of the process and to the correlation between the innovations that drive the stationary and nonstationary components of the process. Unfortunately, the simulation results suggest that these asymptotic test procedures are not very powerful for sample sizes that are typical for economic time series. Copyright 1994 by MIT Press.
Absolutely minimal extensions of functions on metric spaces

Extensions of a? real-valued function from the boundary of an? open subset of a? metric space to are discussed. For the broad class of initial data coming under discussion (linearly bounded functions) locally Lipschitz extensions to that preserve localized moduli of continuity are constructed. In the set of these extensions an? absolutely minimal extension is selected, which was considered before by Aronsson for Lipschitz initial functions in the case . An? absolutely minimal extension can be regarded as an -harmonic function, that is, a? limit of -harmonic functions as . The? proof of the existence of absolutely minimal extensions in a? metric space with intrinsic metric is carried out by the Perron method. To this end, -subharmonic, -superharmonic, and -harmonic functions on a? metric space are defined and their properties are established.
Global Chaos Synchronization of WINDMI and Coullet Chaotic Systems using Adaptive Backstepping Control Design

In this paper, global chaos synchronization is investigated for WINDMI (J. C. Sprott, 2003) and Coullet (P. Coullet et al, 1979) chaotic systems using adaptive backstep- ping control design based on recursive feedback control. Our theorems on synchronization for WINDMI and Coullet chaotic systems are established using Lyapunov stability the- ory. The adaptive backstepping control links the choice of Lyapunov function with the design of a controller and guarantees global stability performance of strict-feedback chaotic systems. The adaptive backstepping control maintains the parameter vector at a predeter- mined desired value. The adaptive backstepping control method is efiective and convenient to synchronize and estimate the parameters of the chaotic systems. Mainly, this technique gives the ∞exibility to construct a control law and estimate the parameter values. Numeri- cal simulations are also given to illustrate and validate the synchronization results derived in this paper.
Equidistribution of phase shifts in obstacle scattering

Abstract For scattering off a smooth, strictly convex obstacle with positive curvature, we show that the eigenvalues of the scattering matrix – the phase shifts – equidistribute on the unit circle as the frequency at a rate proportional to , under a standard condition on the set of closed orbits of the billiard map in the interior. Indeed, in any sector not containing 1, there are eigenvalues for k large, where cd is a constant depending only on the dimension. Using this result, the two term asymptotic expansion for the counting function of Dirichlet eigenvalues, and a spectral-duality result of Eckmann-Pillet, we then give an alternative proof of the two term asymptotic of the total scattering phase due to Majda-Ralston.
Reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations for a Finite State Markov Chain Model and Applications to American Options

In this paper, we introduce a new kind of reflected backward stochastic differential equations (RBSDEs) driven by a martingale, in a Markov chain model, but not driven by Brownian motion, and give existence and uniqueness results for the new equations. Then we discuss American options in a finite state Markov chain model, in the presence of a stochastic discount function (SDF) and using the theory of the new RBSDEs. We show that there exists a constrained super-hedging strategy for an American option, which is unique in our framework as the solution to an RBSDE.