Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ADOPTION OF AN M-LEARNING POLICY IN HIGHER EDUCATION: THE PROFESSIONALS’ PERSPECTIVE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

In this digital age, e-learning has developed rapidly from web-based searches to mobile learning. This study aims to identify an M-learning policy for high schools in developing countries. An expanded theory of planned behavior framework, comprising the core constructs and the additional variables of enabling environment and experience, is employed to predict the significance of adopting M-learning among learners. The data is collected via social media and emails, and analyzed using Smart PLS-SEM 3.0. Of the 205 students completing the questionnaire, 38.5% were male and 61.5% female. The results indicate a satisfactory R² of adoption intention (0.157) for all the variables and moderator, and the school setting is significant for the adoption of an M-learning policy; thus, it is suggested that government policy is a crucial factor to its acceptance in any learning setting. The ubiquity of mobile devices is unavoidable, and an innovative approach could lead to the effective application of this technology in education. A government policy will encourage and strengthen such effectiveness among scholars in developing countries. Contribution/Originality: This study contributes to the existing literature and discourse on M-learning with the intention to use the innovation in schools, due to learners’ experience of with the technology in high schools. M-learning complements e-learning and ICT in driving development in many socioeconomic endeavors for developing economies, especially the subregions on the African continent.
Differences in Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women through Multi-Micronutrient Supplements and Iron Tablets

BACKGROUND: A high incidence of anemia, particularly severe anemia, among pregnant women has been a major cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Multi-micronutrient supplement (MMS) has been beneficial for health outcomes. AIM: The study was aimed to examine the effect of MMS compared to iron-folic acid supplement (IFA) on hemoglobin (Hb) levels among pregnant women. METHODS: The study was a quasi-experiment with a three-group pre-post-test design, namely, IFA group, MMS group, and MMS + IFA group. A total of 120 participants enrolled were divided equally in each group. The statistical analysis performed was paired t-test and one-way ANOVA using SPSS. RESULTS: The study result shows that there was a significant difference in the Hb levels of pregnant women after the intervention in all groups (p < 0.001). The highest increase in Hb levels was in the IFA + MMS combining group by 1.1 g/dL of Hb followed by MMS and IFA (0.8 ± 0.37 and 0.4 ± 0.31, respectively). CONCLUSION: The combination of Fe and MMS groups could increase Hb levels compared to IFA. Thus, replacing IFA with MMS is reasonably in preventing anemia among pregnant women. Edited by: Slavica Hristomanova-Mitkovska Citation: Sakung J, Tosae D, Gunarmi, Arundhana AI. Differences in Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women through Multi-Micronutrient Supplements and Iron Tablets. Open-Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022 Jan 01; 10(B):1-5. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022. 7794
How Can Play-Based Learning in Primary Grades Be Used to Support Teaching of State Standards?

Although data supports the benefits of play and play-based learning as instructional tools for children birth to age eight, many teachers of children in grades kindergarten-second grade succumb to a narrow selection of tools chosen for academic teaching and learning. Lack of common play definitions, the pressure of accountability standards, high stakes testing, lack of training in play theory, and conflicted feelings about how to implement play-based learning all contribute to this. The research focus question for this paper was: How can play-based learning in the primary grades be used to support the teaching of state standards? This document, using a variety of journal materials and a report, sought to address the debate about what play is and outline the validity of play and play-based learning as useful, developmentally appropriate tools for standards-based instruction in the primary grades. It also addressed challenges to delivering play-based learning and supports needed for effective implementation of play-based learning.
Learner Perceptions on the Use of Mobile Learning Strategies and Devices for Team e-portfolio Content Creation

: This study intended to determine student perceptions on the efficacy of using mobile learning strategies and devices to create electronic content for inclusion in an engineering team/group e-portfolio. Sixty four students from an undergraduate engineering thermodynamics class, created multimedia videos and produced content demonstrating course content summaries, problem solving techniques, and written work on concept question solutions. Results from a post course completion anonymous survey and focus group meeting indicated that the majority of the students found this to be a very useful exercise in learning, communicating with their instructor, completing homework and assignments as well as to prepare for tests. Some students indicated their preference for use of traditional computers, paper and pen. Recommendations for improved pedagogy using mobile devices are provided. Further research plans include the creation of an engineering industry grounded assessment instrument capable of measuring the soft social skills identified in the ABET Engineering Criteria Outcomes.
IS EMPLOYEE GRATIFICATION THE SAME AS EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT?-AN IN-DEPTH THEORY PERSPECTIVE

Employees play a critical role in the smooth operation of a business. They aid in the development of a competitive advantage in an ever-increasingly competitive corporate environment. Human resources management aids in the achievement of an organization's goals by increasing employee engagement and Gratification. Regardless of the fact that perhaps these notions are extensively use for organizations, there's some ambiguity about their significance, which limits their relevance in the sector. Through a literature framework, this study intends to provide a thorough appraisal of employee engagement in order to investigate the similarity, disparities, and relation with one another.
Determination of heavy metals in preserved milk using microwave digestion and atomic absorption spectroscopy

Heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn were determined in preserved milk from different companies to study the effect of preservation time in its metal contents. Milk samples of two companies (Brand1 and Brand2) were collected from different markets at Qena city,Egyp. The milk samples were selected at three validity time stages, first stage (the start of validity date),second stage ( the middle of validity date)and the third stage (the expiry date). For the determination of metal contents, the milk samples were subjected to the optimized microwave digestion method using HNO3 and H2O2. Heavy metal (Zn, Fe , Cu , Pb, Cd ) concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained showed that metal concentrations in the milk were in the order Zn < Fe < Cu < Pb< Cd. According to the permissible limits of heavy metals recommended by Egyptian Standard 7136, the maximum concentration of the studied metals in all samples did not exceed the permissible limits at the three stages.
ADOPTION OF CAB MODEL FOR INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIME-BASED REALITY-SHOWS

This study aims to develop a scale for measuring the effectiveness of reality-based crime shows. The dearth of study reported in the literature in this domain, particularly with reality based-crime shows. Well established CAB (Cognitive Affective Behavioral) model is taken for benchmarking. Items are developed and classified under these three constructs – cognitive, affective, and behaviour. Under cognitive construct, general awareness and causal awareness are taken as subdomains; under affective construct, emotional coping and sympathetic feelings while under behavior construct responsible, preventive, maladaptive, and novel technique seeking behavior were taken into consideration. Using the proposed questionnaire following the cross-sectional design, data is collected from 400 respondents from metro cities. Confirmatory factor analysis and reliability tests are conducted using SPSS-21 and Amos-21. Data analysis is conducted for reliability, discriminant and convergent validity. The instrument's high reliability is reported as all subdomains and constructs achieved more than recommended threshold values of Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Results also confirmed the achievement of convergent and discriminant validity. This study is limited to the young population of metro cities. Better generalization can be achieved by extending this study to a diverse set of respondents regarding demography and socioeconomic profile. This can be extended for measuring other reality shows.
Ischemic post-conditioning is neuroprotective even at delayed tPA administration after embolic stroke in female rats

Objective(s): Delayed tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis is accompanied by different complications in stroke patients. Studies reported sex differences in stroke therapy. Ischemic postconditioning (PC) unveils neuroprotection in stroke models. In this study, we investigate the combined effect of delayed tPA therapy and PC procedure during an embolic stroke experimental model in female rats. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (saline), tPA, PC, and tPA+PC groups after stroke induction via clot injection to the middle cerebral artery. tPA treatment was initiated 6 hr after stroke, and PC procedure was performed 6.5 hr post-ischemia induction (occlusion: 10 sec; reopening: 30 sec; 5 cycles). The cerebral blood flow (CBF) was recorded up to 60 min from IV tPA injection time. The parameters of brain edema, infarct volume, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), behavioral tests, and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) were evaluated. Results: This study revealed that PC conduction prevents excessive CBF increase by tPA and played a protective role in infarct volume reduction (P<0.05). The combination of PC and tPA reduced the infarct volume, brain edema, and protected BBB. tPA+PC could alleviate neurobehavioral disorders compared with control or tPA. Moreover, PC had the capability of MMP-9 reduction when combined with delayed tPA (P<0.05). Conclusion: Conduction of PC not only alleviated some stroke complications but also enhanced the therapeutic time window of tPA in female rats under embolic stroke.
Income inequality and economic growth: an analysis for Brazil and its geographic regions

This study sets out to analyze the relationship between economic growth and income inequality for Brazil, and for two groups of more developed and less developed states, over the 1997 to 2017 period, using a dynamic panel data estimation. Considering the country as a whole, the main results indicate that there is a bi-causal relationship between income inequality and economic growth. This relationship holds for less developed states, but for the more developed group of states only income inequality precedes economic growth. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that public policies which reduce income inequality in the country, particularly in the less developed states, be formulated and implemented.
Spatial Analysis of Urban Growth in Kazaure Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria

This study utilized LandSat TM of 1988 and LandSat ETM imageries of 1999 and 2007 of Kazaure Local Government Area of Jigawa State in Nigeria. These were integrated into a GIS environment to analyze urban growth pattern of the area using post-classification change detection approach. Moreover, structured questionnaires were administered using both stratified and systematic random sampling to obtain information on landuse change in the area. Findings revealed that population growth and expansion of economic activities have resulted into the expansion of the built up area from 12.2% in 1988 to 13.5% in 1999 and 29.7% in 2007. In addition, the bare surface has decreased tremendously over the years from 34.2% in the year 1988 to 18.4% in the year 1999 and finally to 4.1% in the year 2007. The GIS analysis and the descriptive statistics from the questioaire survey observed rapid urbanization in Kazaure from 1988 to 2007.
Colorectal Cancer in County Durham-England a Clinical and Statistical Study

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies which associates increasing mortality and morbidity rates. According to data provided by the World Health Organization, colorectal cancer deaths account for approximately 13% of all cancer fatalities. The carcinogenesis of this type of malignancy is a very complex process characterized by various molecular changes which in turn are influenced by factors likes sex, diet, intestinal microbiota, exposure to environmental factors, hosts’ immune response and also genetic factors. Our study looked at a total number of 1024 patients, which were all diagnosed with colorectal cancer in a hospital in the north of England, a country that is known for both a high prevalence of this type of cancer but also its robust screening programmers. In our analyses, we concluded that this type of malignancies affected mostly males, aged between 60 and 80. The most commonly affected regions were the rectum, the sigmoid colon and also the cecum. The majority of colorectal cancers (51%) were diagnosed by GPs (general practitioners) or other medical specialties; 43.55% of all cases presented as surgical emergencies and 5.47% were diagnosed through national screening programs. Majority of tumors were diagnosed in late stages, mainly T3 and T4 whilst in was observed that rectal cancers were mainly diagnosed in T2 and T3 stages.
Effectiveness of an Educational Program for Management of Patients Undergoing Permanent Pacemaker on Nurses' Performance

Background: Pacemaker is the recommended therapy for treating the conduction system disorders. Aim of this study: Was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program for management of patients undergoing permanent pacemaker on nurses' performance. Design: Quasi experimental design was utilized. Setting: This study was conducted in the Coronary Care Unit and Cardiac Catheterization Unit at Benha university hospital. Sample: All available nurses were included (42) nurses. Data collection tools: Two tools were used, I: A structural interview to assess studied nurses' demographic characteristics and knowledge about nursing management of patients undergoing permanent pacemaker and II: Observational checklist to observe nurses' practice about nursing management of patients undergoing permanent pacemaker. Results: Two thirds of nurses had poor total knowledge pre-program implementation whenever, more than two thirds of nurses had a good total knowledge post-program implementation and more than half of them had a good total knowledge on follow-up post program implementation. The majority of studied nurses had un satisfactory level of practice pre-program implementation whenever, nearly two thirds of them had a satisfactory level of practice post-program implementation and more than half of them had a satisfactory total practice follow-up program implementation. Conclusion: A statistically significant improvement in nurses' knowledge and practice immediately and after two months compared to their baseline assessment. Recommendation: Continuous educational programs for nurses based on evidence to improve their knowledge and practice related to pacemaker.
ON STRONG AND WEAK HYPER KS-IDEALS OF DECOMPOSABLE HYPER KS-SEMIGROUPS

This paper extends the study of hyper KS-semigroups, an algebraic hyperstructure which is a combination of hyper BCK-algebra and semihypergroups with respect to some hyperoperations to the concept of decomposable hyper KS-semigroups. We introduce the concept of strong and weak hyper KS-ideals and present some of their properties. Furthermore, we establish the idea of decomposable hyper KS-semigroups in the context of strong, weak and hyper KS-ideals, give conditions for decomposable hyper KS-semigroups, investigate its properties and structure and provide some characterizations.
Passive versus Active Distraction Methods to Reduce Vaccination Associated Pain and Anxiety in Children

Immunizations are a common source of iatrogenic pain in children which can cause long-term psychologically detrimental effects. Measures to reduce needle associated pain among children have been examined with inconclusive evidence. Purpose: The current study aimed to compare the effect of non-pharmacological pain control measures in reducing vaccine associated pain and anxiety in pediatric primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 100 preschoolers undergoing immunization in three primary healthcare centers in Qasem, Saudi Arabia. The participants were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group was subdivided into Therapeutic Toy, Video Games, Role-playing, Comfortable Position, and Wrist Water Toy subgroups. Wong-Baker, Ontario Pain, Anxiety Rating and Visual Facial Anxiety Scales were used to measure pain and anxiety. Results: Children who received pain control measures while being vaccinated reported less pain and anxiety compared to those who received routine care. The use of interactive distraction methods (e.g. Wrist Water Toy and Video Games) reduced reports of pain, while passive distraction methods (e.g. Therapeutic Toy) reduced reports of anxiety. Conclusions: Our findings are in support with long standing recommendations to use interactive distraction methods to reduce vaccine associated pain and anxiety.
Determinants of capital structure of service and manufacturing sectors of Pakistani companies listed in Karachi Stock Exchange

Capital structure alludes to how an organization finances its operations whether through shareholders equity, debt or a blending of both. This study was aimed to find out the determinants of capital structure in Manufacturing and Service Sectors of Pakistan and examine which capital structure theory (Trade off theory or Pecking order theory) is relevant in Pakistani context. For study secondary data was collected from financial statements of 30 Companies and then data was analyzed through Correlation and Multi Regression analysis. Results showed that leverage has negative significant relationship with tangibility in both sectors which conformed Pecking order theory is followed by firms in both sectors. Profitability has negative significant relationship with leverage in manufacturing sectors whereas it has positive non-significant relationship with leverage in service sectors. This result revealed that manufacturing sectors follow Pecking order theory whereas service sectors support Trade off theory. Moreover in manufacturing sectors growth and leverage have negative significant relationship whereas in service sectors both variables show positive non-significant relationship. Manufacturing sectors support Trade off theory but service sectors support Pecking order theory. Size and leverage show positive non-significant relationship in manufacturing sectors whereas show positive significant relationship in service sectors. Due to positive sign, they follow Trade off theory. Effective tax rate has positive non-significant relationship with leverage. Positive sign shows firms follow Trade off theory in both sectors but due to non-significant result the effective tax rate not found to be a significant determinant of capital structure. This study will help corporate managers and decision makers to make optimal capital structure decision.
A Comparative Study of the Educational Approaches of Karl Rogers and Vasily Davydov in Russian Language Classes

 Vajiheh Rezvani is an assistant professor in the Russian language department at Alzahra University. She has a PhD in language teaching from the University of Tehran. Areas of interest and activity: Social linguistics, culturology, educational methods that have articles in this field. Translation of the book Signs and Spelling of the Russian language from “Sama”t Publications is one of her works. Rezvani, V. (2021). A Comparative Study of the Educational Approaches of Carl Rogers and Vasily Davydov in Russian Language Classes. Foreign Language Research Journal, 11 (3), 639-654. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received: August 5, 2021 Accepted: September 11, 2021 Available online: winter2021
Using Probiotics in Infants with Cow’s Milk Allergy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: One of the most common food allergies in infants is cow’s milk allergy (CMA). There is no available effective therapeutic strategy for this issue. It's important to develop effective approaches to reduce the risk of cow’s milk allergy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotics on the infants with cow’s milk protein intolerance. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial in full-term infants with CMA diagnosis. These patients were divided into case and control groups (receiving placebo and probiotics). Clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, etc. were evaluated in 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after receiving probiotics. Results: During the 16 weeks of the study, a significant decrease was observed in the clinical and paraclinical findings in both groups. There was a statistically significant decrease in times of mucosal, bloody and daily defecation of the patients on the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. Also, a significant difference was found between the groups in diarrhea and abdominal cramps from the 4th week. Conclusion: The consumption of probiotics for a short time in infants with CMA significantly decreased the clinical and paraclinical symptoms.
High Fidelity Studies in Closed-Loop Control of Unsteady Aerodynamics

We implement and explore the success of a nonlinear, closed loop flow control strategy based on POD-ROM focusing on boundary-layer transitional flow in high-fidelity computational studies involving FDL3DI ILES code. Controlling the boundary-layer transition from laminar to turbulent allows the laminar boundary-layer to be lengthened, decreasing skin-friction drag on an airfoil. Analyses are conducted on a flat plate with an elliptical leading edge, later to be implemented in future studies with real airfoil geometry. The feedback control design employs strategically placed synthetic-jet micro actuators and pressure sensors. The efficiency of the closed-loop flow control strategies is examined in comparison with open-loop control.