Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of climate change and oligotrophication on quality and quantity of lake primary production: A case study in Lake Biwa

Global climate change and anthropogenic oligotrophication are expected to reshape the dynamics of primary production (PP) in aquatic ecosystems; however, few studies have explored their long-term effects. In theory, the PP of phytoplankton in Lake Biwa may decline over decades due to warming, heightened stratification, and anthropogenic oligotrophication. Furthermore, the PP of large phytoplankton, which are inedible to zooplankton, along with biomass-specific productivity (PBc), could decrease. In this study, data from 1976–2021 and active fluorometry measurements taken in 2020 and 2021 were evaluated. Quantitatively, the temporal dynamics of mean seasonal PP during 1971–2021 were assessed according to the carbon fixation rate to investigate relationships among environmental factors. Qualitatively, phytoplankton biomass, PP, and PBc were measured in two size fractions [edible (S) or inedible (L) for zooplankton] in 2020 and 2021, and the L:S balance for these three measures was compared between 1992 (low-temperature/high-nutrient conditions) and 2020–2021 (high-temperature/low-nutrient conditions) to assess seasonal dynamics. The results indicated that climate change and anthropogenic oligotrophication over the past 50 years have diminished Lake Biwa’s PP since the 1990s, impacting the phenology of PP dynamics. However, the L:S balance in PP and PBc has exhibited minimal change since 1992. These findings suggest that, although climate change and oligotrophication may reduce overall PP, they do not markedly alter the inedible/edible phytoplankton balance in terms of PP and PBc. Instead, as total PP declines, the production of small edible phytoplankton decreases proportionally, potentially affecting trophic transfer efficiency and material cycling in Lake Biwa.
Effect of Land Use Types on Vulnerability Potential and Degradation Rate of Soils of Similar Lithology in a Tropical Soil of Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria

A field study was conducted in 2014 to evaluate the effect of three land use types on the vulnerability potential and soil degradation rate of soils of similar lithology in a typic hapludult in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria. Three land use types namely Fallow Land (FL), Cassava Cultivated Land (CCL) and maize and yam inter crop (MYC), located in three villages in Owerri North Local Government Area of Imo State Nigeria were studied. In each of the village and land use type, three soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm. Samples were prepared and analyzed using standard methods. Data generated from laboratory analysis were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant treatment means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) while variations among soil properties and relation among soil properties was determined using coefficient of variation and linear correlation, respectively. Results obtained showed that irrespective of the land use, soils of the studied area were strongly acidic with high sand fraction (>70%) resulting to poor physical condition such as poor moisture retention and total porosity. The chemical properties showed moderate organic matter content, total nitrogen and available phosphorus. The exchangeable bases were low and below the critical limits with predominant exchangeable H and Al. Variations existed among soil chemical properties in the three land use types. Soils of the studied area have strong to moderate degradation rate and vulnerability potential. Relationship existed among soil physicochemical properties which positively or negatively interfere with nutrient availability. To reduce the high degradation rate and vulnerability potential of these soils and to improve the fertility status of the soils, it is recommended that farmers should be advised to plant acid tolerant plants. Organic fertilization and liming should be practiced. Cover cropping and conservational tillage should be practiced to reduce erosion and runoff.
AlphaFold2 has more to learn about protein energy landscapes

Recent work suggests that AlphaFold2 (AF2)–a deep learning-based model that can accurately infer protein structure from sequence–may discern important features of folded protein energy landscapes, defined by the diversity and frequency of different conformations in the folded state. Here, we test the limits of its predictive power on fold-switching proteins, which assume two structures with regions of distinct secondary and/or tertiary structure. Using several implementations of AF2, including two published enhanced sampling approaches, we generated >280,000 models of 93 fold-switching proteins whose experimentally determined conformations were likely in AF2’s training set. Combining all models, AF2 predicted fold switching with a modest success rate of ∼25%, indicating that it does not readily sample both experimentally characterized conformations of most fold switchers. Further, AF2’s confidence metrics selected against models consistent with experimentally determined fold-switching conformations in favor of inconsistent models. Accordingly, these confidence metrics–though suggested to evaluate protein energetics reliably–did not discriminate between low and high energy states of fold-switching proteins. We then evaluated AF2’s performance on seven fold-switching proteins outside of its training set, generating >159,000 models in total. Fold switching was accurately predicted in one of seven targets with moderate confidence. Further, AF2 demonstrated no ability to predict alternative conformations of two newly discovered targets without homologs in the set of 93 fold switchers. These results indicate that AF2 has more to learn about the underlying energetics of protein ensembles and highlight the need for further developments of methods that readily predict multiple protein conformations.
cAMP in budding yeast: a messenger for sucrose metabolism?

S. cerevisiae (or budding yeast) is an important micro-organism for sucrose-based fermentation in biotechnology. Yet, it is largely unknown how budding yeast adapts to sucrose transitions. Sucrose can only be metabolized when the invertase or the maltose machinery are expressed and we propose that the Gpr1p receptor signals extracellular sucrose availability via the cAMP peak to adapt cells accordingly. A transition to sucrose or glucose gave a transient cAMP peak which was maximally induced for sucrose. When transitioned to sucrose, cAMP signalling mutants showed an impaired cAMP peak together with a lower growth rate, a longer lag phase and a higher yield compared to a glucose transition. These effects were not caused by altered activity or expression of enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism and imply a more general metabolic adaptation defect. Basal cAMP levels were comparable among the mutant strains, suggesting that the transient cAMP peak is required to adapt cells correctly to sucrose. We propose that the short-term dynamics of the cAMP signalling cascade detects long-term extracellular sucrose availability and speculate that its function is to maintain a fermentative phenotype at continuously low glucose and fructose concentrations.
Un Ailurinae (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ailuridae) dans le Miocène moyen de Four (Isère, France)

An upper molar of an Ailurinae is described from the middle Miocene of Four, a locality near La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isere France). This new miocene tooth is different from Magerictis imperialensis Ginsburg, Morales, Soria & Herraez, 1997 from the middle Miocene of Madrid (Spain). Its overall quadrangular shape evokes that of the Recent Panda Ailurus fulgens, and differs from it by its relatively low height and by the fact that both para- and mesostyle are moderately developed.
Glass sickness: Detection and prevention : Investigating unstable glass in museum collections

The chemical deterioration of glass in museum collections is a large problem for conservators and curators. Objects of unstable composition typically show changes in appearance such as the accumulation of moisture on the surface and microcracking, which may render an object unfit for display or even cause its complete disintegration. The identification of unstable glass objects is essential for their preservation as it allows for the implementation of targeted conservation strategies, but, as yet, no straightforward method exists. As it has been estimated that up to 30% of glass objects are susceptible to irreversible chemical deterioration, it is vital that glass degradation is identified at an early stage and that suitable storage conditions are in place. Accordingly, this study focuses mainly on the early stages of glass deterioration. In particular, the presence and quantity of ions on glass surfaces, liberated from the glass during deterioration in the display or storage environment, is studied. The detection of key ions in very low concentrations, before surface changes become visible to the naked eye, provides conservators with the potential to identify glass objects which require special care to prevent ongoing deterioration. Hence, this research contributes to the discussion on the conservation of vulnerable glass objects and provides insight into fundamental deterioration mechanisms of historic glass.
Archival orthodoxy of post-custodial realities for digital records in South Africa

Abstract Some public entities in South Africa have implemented digital records systems over a period of 20 years. In terms of the South African archival legal framework, there is a need for such entities to transfer the records into archival custody. However, there is consensus among researchers that there is no infrastructure to ingest digital records into archival custody in South Africa. Furthermore, some public entities have migrated from one system to another since implementation and there is a possibility that records might have been lost during migration. This study demonstrates through literature review the unconscious archival orthodoxy of post-custodial realities in South Africa. The study recommends that public entities should apply for exemption from archival legislation in order to develop an interim solution for the preservation of digital records. The National Archives and Records Service of South Africa (NARSSA) is also encouraged to develop a policy on distributed custody to allow government entities to create interim solutions for preserving digital records. Both public entities and NARSSA should invest in capacity development, including training and provision of sustainable infrastructure required to preserve digital records. It is hoped that this study will influence policy-making with regard to custody of digital records.
Análisis de la participación en línea

The spread of the COVID-19 virus has affected many organizations across the globe and has forced them to adapt and make use of a variety of emerging online communication technologies. However, because of the abrupt shift, the education sector has experienced challenges such as relative to students’ interaction and engagement with their peers and teachers. This study aimed to test the association among students’ (n=189) social needs, social interaction, and student engagement in emergency online learning platforms. Inferential statistics for this correlational study included Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, and analysis of variance. The results show a positive correlation among the variables, which means the engagement (cognitive, behavioral, and emotional) forms a set of indicators or predictors that can influence the student’s social needs and social interaction in this emergency online learning platform. Thus, attaining engagement would create strong communication and meet the needs of the students, which will lead to good academic performance despite the challenges of emergency online learning.
Trans Vaginal Assessment of Cesarean Scar Niche and its Trans Vaginal Assessment of Cesarean Scar Niche and its Complications in Non-Pregnant Women Complications in Non-Pregnant Women

Background: In a routine ultrasound examination of non-pregnant women with a previous caesarean section (CS), the prevalence of CS niche ranges from 24–70%. So it is a serious problem affecting large number of women. Aim of the work: To assess post caesarean section scar defect (PCSD) by trans-vaginal ultrasound and evaluation of its related complications in non-pregnant women. Patients and methods: The observational prospective cohort study was conducted on 200 women who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited and enrolled in the study after talking careful history, from all women attended Family planning 6 months or more after previous elective CS at Maternity Hospital of Bab Al Shaareya Hospital. Results: Women with CS scar niche have significantly, higher uterine length, longer menstrual duration, higher PBAC score, more postmenstrual spotting days, more inter - menstrual spotting days and more dysmenorrhea. The most frequent SC scar niche shape found by transvaginal ultrasonography in the studied women is triangular shape. The complications mostly occur with niche subsequently as follow: Post-menopausal spotting, chronic pelvic pain, subfertility, dyspareunia, and dysuria. Conclusion: Symptomatic niche incidence rate was 69.5% of women . had a niche detected by TVS and by sonohysterography. Presence of the niche was associated with postmenstrual spotting, heaviness of mensturation and dysmenorrheal which were related to the niche width and depth.
New Convergence Analysis of GMRES with Weighted Norms, Preconditioning and Deflation, Leading to a New Deflation Space

New convergence bounds are presented for weighted, preconditioned, and deflated GMRES for the solution of large, sparse, nonsymmetric linear systems, where it is assumed that the symmetric part of the coefficient matrix is positive definite. The new bounds are sufficiently explicit to indicate how to choose the preconditioner and the deflation space to accelerate the convergence. One such choice of deflating space is presented, and numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness of such space.
A comparative study of idarubicin 12 mg/m2 and 8 mg/m2 combined with cytarabine as the first induction regimen for adult acute myeloid leukemia patients

Objective This study aimed to explore a suitable dose of idarubicin (IDA) combined with cytarabine for the initial induction regimen for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Patients and methods A total of 100 adult patients with de novo AML aged between 14 years and 80 years were enrolled in the current study and randomized into two arms for the initial induction: an IDA 12 mg/m2 arm and an IDA 8 mg/m2 arm. All patients received the same consolidation chemotherapy. The follow-up period was January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2014. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and morphology leukemia relapse (hematological and/or extramedullary) were recorded. Results The complete remission rates were 80% and 75% in the IDA 12 mg/m2 and IDA 8 mg/m2 arms, respectively, after initial induction. High-dose IDA (12 mg/m2) resulted in a higher complete remission rate after two courses of induction therapy (96.4% vs 76.5%) in the cytogenetic intermediate-risk group (P=0.026). There were no differences in the number of units of infused red blood cells, agranulocytosis time, or infection rates between the two arms. Patients in the IDA 12 mg/m2 arm received more platelet transfusions (P=0.047). In the intention-to-treat analysis, after a median follow-up of 13 months, high-dose IDA (12 mg/m2) resulted in improved OS (median OS, 54.0 months vs 26.7 months, P=0.021) and DFS (median DFS, 54.0 months vs 18.3 months, P=0.031), particularly in the cytogenetic intermediate-risk group (median OS, 54.0 months vs 29.5 months, P=0.009; median DFS, 54.0 months vs 15.3 months, P=0.014). IDA 12 mg/m2 significantly improved OS and DFS in the cytogenetic intermediate-risk group (P=0.009 and P=0.018). Conclusion Our results suggest that a high dose of IDA (12 mg/m2) combined with cytarabine is a suitable and safe initial remission induction regimen that results in superior long-term survival of adult AML patients, particularly patients in the cytogenetic intermediate-risk group.
The prognostic impact of K-RAS mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with high-dose cytarabine

Background Activating point mutation of the RAS gene has been generally accepted as an oncogenic event in a variety of malignancies. It represents one of the most common genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, little is known about its clinical relevance in the treatment outcome for this leukemia. Objective This study aimed to clarify the biologic and prognostic impact of K-RAS mutations in relation to the dose of cytarabine (ara-C) used in postinduction consolidation chemotherapy in adult AML patients. Patients and methods The study comprised of 71 de novo AML patients with male/ female ratio 1.4:1; their ages ranged from 21–59 years with a median of 37 years. They were subjected to full clinical evaluation, routine laboratory investigations, cytogenetic studies by G-banding (Giemsa staining), and K-RAS mutation detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The patients were randomized into two groups according to the ara-C dose used in consolidation treatment, the high the dose ara-C (HDAC) group receiving 400 mg ara-C and-low-dose ara-C (LDAC) group receiving 100 mg ara-C; they were followed over a period of five years. Results Mutations in the K-RAS gene (mutRAS) were detected in 23 patients (32%) with the remaining 48 patients (68%) having wild-type RAS (wtRAS). The percent of blast cells was significantly lower in mutRAS compared to wtRAS patients (P ≤ 0.001) while M4 subtype of AML and Inv(16) frequencies were significantly higher in mutRAS compared to wtRAS patients (P = 0.015) and (P = 0.003), respectively. The patients were followed up for a median of 43 months (range 11–57 months). There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between mutRAS and wtRAS (P = 0.326). Within the mutRAS patients treated with HDAC, cumulative OS was significantly higher than those treated with LDAC (P = 0.001). This was not the case in the wtRAS group (P = 0.285). There was no significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) between mutRAS and wtRAS groups (P = 0.923). mutRAS patients treated with HDAC had a statistically higher cumulative DFS than mutRAS patients treated with LDAC (P = 0.001). Patients with wtRAS also benefited from HDAC, but to a lesser extent. Among patients with wtRAS, those treated with HDAC showed higher cumulative and median DFS than patients treated with LDAC (P = 0.031). Conclusion It was concluded that adult AML patients carrying mutations in the K-RAS gene benefit from higher ara-C doses more than wtRAS patients, so pretreatment mutation detection could be an important predictor for treatment strategy and survival of adult AML patients. These findings counter the prevailing bias that oncogene mutations lead to more aggressive behavior in human malignancies.
Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This study adds to the current body of research on economic growth by demonstrating how the interplay between financial development and entrepreneurship fosters economic advancement. By utilizing the two-step Generalized Moment Method (GMM), we have identified three primary outcomes. Firstly, entrepreneurship has a beneficial influence on economic growth. Secondly, financial development has a conditional effect that stimulates economic growth. Lastly, the combined effect of entrepreneurship and financial development on economic growth is largely positive, suggesting that financial development can amplify the already positive but weak entrepreneurship’s influence on economic growth. The research investigation also delves into the empirical significance and policy implications of these findings.
Cuticular structure in Costacopluma mexicana Vega and Perrilliat, from the Difunta Group (Maastrichtian) of northeastern Mexico, and its paleoenvironmental implications

Examination of extremely well-preserved cuticle samples from the Maastrichtian retroplumid crab, Costacopluma mexicana Vega and Perrilliat, collected in the Difunta Group in Nuevo León State, Mexico, documents the preservation of corpses in an anoxic microenvironment produced by decomposition of soft tissue of the organisms. All four cuticular layers, epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle, and membranous layer, as well as pore canals and tegumental glands, can be recognized. There is no evidence of resorption that accompanies molting. X-ray analysis of the cuticle indicates that the organic matrix was replaced by carbonate-hydroxyapatite, that the original calcitic material was replaced by quartz, and that the replacement proceeded from the outer and inner surfaces of the cuticle toward the interior. The specimens were interpreted to have been preserved in an organic-rich, restricted lagoon in which pH was changed by periodic influxes of fresh water.
A Prompt Engineering Approach to Creating Automated A Prompt Engineering Approach to Creating Automated Commentary for Microsoft Self-Help Documentation Metric Commentary for Microsoft Self-Help Documentation Metric Reports using ChatGPT Reports using ChatGPT

Microsoft collects an immense amount of data from the users of their product-self-help documentation. Employees use this data to identify these self-help articles' performance trends and measure their impact on business Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Microsoft uses various tools like Power BI and Python to analyze this data. The problem is that their analysis and findings are summarized manually. Therefore, this research will improve upon their current analysis methods by applying the latest prompt engineering practices and the power of ChatGPT's large language models (LLMs). Using VBA code, Microsoft Excel, and the ChatGPT API as an Excel add-in, this research will help Microsoft employees more easily identify trends in self-help article metrics, understand the drivers of these trends, and make business decisions that provide the highest return on investment.
Deforestation and Islamic Ethics: A Search for the Eco-Religious Links between Islam and Sustainable Development in Indonesia*

ecological ethics in general, thereby emphasizing that the phenomenological problem of deforestation needs to be conceived at a philosophical level beyond ecological phenomena. After discussing the ecological ethics, the paper proceeds to examine Islamic ethics as a canonical framework of ecological ethics in Indonesia. In doing so, it attempts to apply the Islamic ethics to the diverse Indonesian society and then considers ‘Pancasila’ as a potential framework for a pragmatic link between Islam ethics and Indonesian society. Having said that, in conclusion, the paper argues that there is a need for ‘concrete’ translation of ‘Pancasila’ into implementation in an Indonesian context, thereby various agents (government, policy-practitioners, concessionaires and also all the Indonesian) may agree in saying ‘no’ to overexploitation of the forest, to rapid depletion of the forest and to ‘unsustainable’ development practices.