Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of the COMIC Model for the comprehensive evaluation of integrated care interventions

Objective To develop a model for the comprehensive evaluation of integrated care interventions that provides insights into when, why and how successful outcomes can be achieved. Methods A preliminary model was developed based on the Context + Mechanism + Outcome Model and further developed based on its application to a literature review, two case studies and an expert questionnaire. The COMIC Model for studying the Context, Outcomes and Mechanisms of Integrated Care interventions interventions assumes that an intervention is introduced using certain mechanisms (categorised according to the Chronic Care Model), which are met with particular context factors (described by barriers and facilitators and categorised according to the Implementation Model), which combined, contribute to specific outcomes (categorised by the WHO dimensions of quality of care). Results Application of the COMIC model to the literature review and expert questionnaires did not allow for statements to be made about the relationships between mechanisms, context and outcomes. Application to the two case studies made it possible to (1) comprehensively analyse the mechanisms, context and outcomes of the specific case, (2) to make the relationships between the mechanisms, context and outcomes within each case visible, and (3) to compare the two cases to each other in a systematic way that added value to the analysis. Discussion Using the COMIC Model makes it possible to comprehensively study the interplay of the mechanisms, context and outcomes of integrated care interventions and thereby provides insights into when, why and how integrated care contributes to improved outcomes.
Turkish language acquisition of refugee students in North Cyprus public schools

The current research investigated the difficulties faced by refugee students in the acquisition of the Turkish language as a second language (L2) in North Cyprus. Participants of the study included six refugee students with their parents as well as their teachers. All of the refugee students were originally from Syria who obtained the refugee status in North Cyprus after leaving Syria as a result of the instabilities existing this country. Students were two females and four males whose ages ranged between 8 to 15 years old. The study employed a qualitative approach and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed that most of the refugee students have difficulties in acquiring the Turkish language within three layers, family, society and school environment.Keywords: Second language acquisition; refugee students; Turkish language; Qualitative design
Developing mental health services in the global south

Abstract This paper outlines the diversity of medical and healing systems indigenous to many regions of the world and their under-development and suppression during colonialism; describes briefly social and cultural changes that have taken place in the Global South after de-colonisation, resulting in varying degrees of a plurality (in terms of cultural style) of mental health systems currently available; summarizes important general principles of post-colonial development in the Global South; and, finally, points to ways of mental health and wellbeing development in the Global South by drawing on the example of Sri Lanka where the author was involved in a four-year research and capacity building project between 2007 and 2012. The paper takes a historical post-colonial approach to development on the principals of sustainability and cultural relevance and argues for a pragmatic approach in the short term while building up a body of knowledge about the countries concerned, their ground realities and their indigenous psychologies.
Procalcitonin as a Biomarker of the Early Stage of Bacterial Infections in HIV/AIDS Patients

We observed that low concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT) in the early stages of bacterial infection among HIV/AIDS patients are not always associated with a good prognosis. Many of our patients developed sepsis despite a PCT level of <0.5 ng/ml on the first days of infection. The aim of our study was to assess whether laboratory standards for PCT in patients with HIV/AIDS correlate with their clinical condition. We analyzed the concentration of PCT and other inflammatory markers in the early stages of bacterial infection among 40 HIV-infected patients and 52 AIDS patients enrolled for the study. The control group consisted of 37 healthy individuals. In comparison with PCT and WBC, PCT proved to be the most reliable in the early stages of bacterial infection. To conclude, we suggest new PCT cut-off ranges for HIV/AIDS patients with bacterial infection.
Last Glacial Maximum glacier modelling in the Quemuqu Valley, southern Tibetan Plateau, and its climatic implications

A well‐preserved Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) moraine set in the Quemuqu Valley on the eastern slope of the Qiongmu Gangri Peak offers great potential for reconstructing LGM glacier extent and examining LGM climate in the region. This study employed a coupled and physics‐based mass balance and ice‐flow model to investigate glacier sensitivities to climate in the valley. Based on the sensitivity tests and the well‐preserved LGM moraines, the study also reconstructed the LGM glacier extent in the valley and assessed the magnitude of cooling for the LGM period. Model results suggest that the Quemuqu Valley sustained an ice volume of 6.80±0.16 km3 in the LGM period. Temperature depression of 3.1–4.3 °C, combined with 30–70% modern precipitation, is likely to have supported the LGM glacier extent in the valley. The temperature inference for the LGM period is comparable with other independent palaeoclimate evidence in the region. However, there is a large difference in the reconstructed glacier volume (ice thickness) between previous research and the current study. The glacier model used here directly calculates the ice thickness and needs relatively less field evidence to constrain the model simulations. It is therefore advocated to use such a model to reconstruct past glaciers and their corresponding climates for other valleys of the Tibetan Plateau.
The Impact of Dutch Disease: The Case of Nigeria

Nigeria, over the years, has been showing a rapid appreciation of the domestic currency, a rise in real wages and the service sector and a slow-down in the industrial production which are all signs of presence of Dutch disease which predicts that a country with large natural resource rents may experience a de-industrialization and a lower long term economic growth. This paper analyses the impact of Dutch disease in Nigeria Ordinary Least square method, Two-Stage Least Square and Autoregressive Distributed Lag with a system of equation from 1981 to 2017 and found that the real wage rate emphasizes on the labor supply in the economy which checks put one of the assumptions, there is also a decline in the manufacturing sector over the years. Recommendations to Nigeria will, therefore, be to provide more funds to the agricultural sector by giving out loans to interested parties, privatization of the downstream production of oil and diversification of the economy.
Awareness towards tobacco consumption: A community based study

More than 1 billion people worldwide smoke. If current trends continue, 8.4 million smokers are estimated to die annually of smoking-related deaths by the year 2020. To find out awareness towards tobacco consumption and to find out association between awareness towards tobacco and status of tobacco consumption among residents of Dhankuta municipality. The cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Dhankuta Municipality where 205 households were taken as subjects. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and face to face interview was conducted. Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between awareness towards tobacco and status of tobacco consumption. Almost 41% of respondents were found to be aware of the harmful consequences of tobacco consumption. The respondents who did not consume tobacco was seen more aware of tobacco consumption (85.7%) than consuming tobacco (14.3%) (P<0.001). The respondents think the problem of tobacco consumption can be control by bann the production was significantly higher among those did not consuming tobacco (57.7%) than consuming tobacco (42.3%) (<0.001). Most of the respondents think smoking can be discourage by strict low (60.5%) followed by family support (24.9%) and education (20%) and recreational activities (8.8%). Awareness towards the harmful consequences of tobacco consumption was found to be less in Dhankuta Municipality. The problem of tobacco consumption can control by bann the production, awareness program and medicine i.e. nicotine therapy.
Psychosocial issues in elderly

__________________________________________________________________________ Third age is the period in which the person is withdrawn from the daily activities, such as workplace, resulting in the different psycho-social problems, such as dementia, agitation, anxiety, loneliness and social exclusion. These problems lead to people's psychological depression with its subsequent effects on their health. Exploring the psycho-social problems is of great importance, as this age is characterized by feelings of loneliness, fear, depression and isolation from themselves, unpleasant thoughts but it is also dominated by negative feelings.
The effects of teaching strategies on Saudi nursing students' critical thinking and academic performance : introducing PBL elements into a traditional course.

This study was built on the hypothesis that critical thinking is important for nursing education and practice. The literature suggested that problem based learning (PBL) is an effective strategy for developing critical thinking skills and other important skills for nursing students such as interpersonal skills, problem solving, self-directed learning, knowledge retention, bridging the gap between theory and practice, time management, and responsibility. The aim of this study was to examine whether introducing PBL elements to a traditional teaching course affects students' critical thinking dispositions and academic performance, and to explore students' perceptions of implementing the PBL elements to their Critical Care Nursing course and their perceptions of traditional teaching methods. This study used a mixed methods approach, in which a quasi-experimental study was augmented by a qualitative approach. The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDJ) was used to collect pre- and post-test quantitative data, whilst qualitative data were gathered from students' reflective journals, field notes, observation of class sessions, and group discussions. Sixty-eight third year nursmg students at King Abdul Aziz University Nursing School participated in this study. Students were distributed randomly between an intervention group and a control group. The quantitative findings indicated that the intervention group elevated their critical thinking disposition. Moreover, they ultimately demonstrated a higher critical thinking disposition than the control group. However, no significant differences were found between the mean GP A of each of the groups. The qualitative data showed that the intervention group was satisfied with implementing the PBL elements to their course; although mentioning some limitations such as the work being time-consuming and applying more loads on students. Students' reflections on the traditional approach indicated that they were not satisfied with this approach.
Where does the river end? Drivers of spatiotemporal variability in CO2 concentration and flux in the inflow area of a large boreal lake

River inflow affects the spatiotemporal variability of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water column of lakes and may locally influence CO2 gas exchange with the atmosphere. However, spatiotemporal CO2 variability at river inflow sites is often unknown leaving estimates of lake‐wide CO2 emission uncertain. Here, we investigated the CO2 concentration and flux variability along a river‐impacted bay and remote sampling locations of Lake Onego. During 3 years, we resolved spatial CO2 gradients between river inflow and central lake and recorded the temporal course of CO2 in the bay from the ice‐covered period to early summer. We found that the river had a major influence on the spatial CO2 variability during ice‐covered periods and contributed ~ 35% to the total amount of CO2 in the bay. The bay was a source of CO2 to the atmosphere at ice‐melt each year emitting 2–15 times the amount as an equally sized area in the central lake. However, there was large interannual variability in the spring CO2 emission from the bay related to differences in discharge and climate that affected the hydrodynamic development of the lake during spring. In early summer, the spatial CO2 variability was unrelated to the river signal but correlated negatively with dissolved oxygen concentrations instead indicating a stronger biological control on CO2. Our study reveals a large variability of CO2 and its drivers at river inflow sites at the seasonal and at the interannual time scale. Understanding these dynamics is essential for predicting lake‐wide CO2 fluxes more accurately under a warming climate.
An HIV/AIDS epidemic model with media coverage, vertical transmission and time delays

In this paper, we propose and study a time-delay compartmental model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, a disease which may lead to an advanced stage of infection called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in a sexually active population with the presence of media coverage. The inclusion of vertical transmission in the recruitment of infected individuals is also considered. Moreover, two time delays are incorporated in the model. One delay τ1 covers the period from the time of gathering statistical data on the total number of infections in the community up to the time that these information are reported to the public through media. The other delay τ2 corresponds to the period that an infected newborn baby reaches the age of sexual maturity. If the threshold value R0 < 1, then the only equilibrium point is the disease-free equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable. If the threshold values R0 and R00 are both greater than 1, then a unique endemic equilibrium exists, which is globally asymptotically stable when media coverage is not considered. When there is no vertical transmission but media coverage is considered, the system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation at some critical value of the media delay. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate theoretical results.In this paper, we propose and study a time-delay compartmental model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, a disease which may lead to an advanced stage of infection called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in a sexually active population with the presence of media coverage. The inclusion of vertical transmission in the recruitment of infected individuals is also considered. Moreover, two time delays are incorporated in the model. One delay τ1 covers the period from the time of gathering statistical data on the total number of infections in the community up to the time that these information are reported to the public through media. The other delay τ2 corresponds to the period that an infected newborn baby reaches the age of sexual maturity. If the threshold value R0 < 1, then the only equilibrium point is the disease-free equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable. If the threshold values R0 and R00 are both greater than 1, then a unique endemic equilibrium exists, which .
Mobile health 2012

Half of smartphone owners use their devices to get health information and one-fifth of smartphone owners have health apps. The results reported here come from a nationwide survey of 3,014 adults living in the United States. Telephone interviews were conducted by landline (1,808) and cell phone (1,206, including 624 without a landline phone). The survey was conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International. Interviews were done in English and Spanish by Princeton Data Source from August 7 to September 6, 2012. Statistical results are weighted to correct known demographic discrepancies. The margin of sampling error for the complete set of weighted data is ±2.4 percentage points.
Diet composition and energy intake in obese subjects with depression

Objective: Depression is frequently associated with obesity; however, it is unknown whether obesity is its cause or consequence. Depression per se may change the diet composition and increase the consumption of simple carbohydrates. The aim of the present study was to assess the energy intake and diet composition in obese subjects with various intensification of depression symptoms. Material and methods: Forty-five obese subjects starting a 3-month complex group weight loss program were enrolled. The subjects were asked to fill in the standard 3-day nutritional questionnaire. Depression levels were scored based on the full 21-item version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Studied subjects were allocated to subgroups: without depression symptoms (0-9 pts), with mild depression symptoms (10-15 pts) or severe depression symptoms (16 pts or more). Results: The mean energy consumption was similar in subjects with a severe depression (n = 16; 1822 ±1285 kcal/ day) and mild depression level (n = 8; 1802 ±378 kcal/day) and in those without depression symptoms (n = 21; 2017 ±846 kcal/day). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in diet composition between study groups (carbohydrates: 44.9 ±10.8%, 40.3 ±9.6% and 42.9 ±9.5%; proteins: 19.6 ±3.0%, 16.1 ±2.2% and 19.5 ±4.5%; fat: 35.5 ±10.5%, 43.6 ±10.1% and 37.6 ±8.6%, respectively). In addition, we observed a similar frequency and levels of depression in subgroups with lower and higher consumption of carbohydrates and fat. Conclusions: It seems that the depression level does not change the energy consumption and diet composition in obese subjects.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Sickle Cell Disease: Cardiopulmonary Evaluation and Response to Chronic Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Therapy.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a risk factor for mortality in Sickle Cell Disease, but it is unclear whether pulmonary hypertension is a marker or a direct cause of mortality. To better understand the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension in patients with sickle cell disease we performed evaluations of cardiopulmonary function in sickle cell disease patients with pulmonary hypertension (n= 15, mean age = 41 ± 2.4 years, males = 7, HbSS = 15, mean Hb = 8.3 ± 0.2 g/dl, mean tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity = 3.2 ± 0.11 m/s) compared to matched controls with sickle cell disease without pulmonary hypertension (n=11, mean age=40.2 ± 2.5 years, males=4, HbSS=11, mean Hb=8.5 ± 0.3 g/dl, mean tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity = 2.28 ± 0.07 m/s). To evaluate if specific therapy for pulmonary hypertension has any impact on systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), estimated by tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRJ), and functional capacity, measured by six-minute walk test (a well validated surrogate of functional capacity and response to therapy in patients with other causes of pulmonary hypertension), we treated 14 patients with sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension (mean age = 40 ± 2.5 years, males = 3, HbSS = 14, mean Hb = 8.8 ± 0.6 g/dl, mean TRJ = 3.4 ± 0.1 m/s) with sildenafil for at least three months. When compared to controls pulmonary hypertension patients had lower maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max (% predicted), +PH: 44 ± 4, −PH: 55 ± 4; P=0.41), walked shorter six-minute walk distance (meters, +PH: 308.5 ± 53.8, −PH: 427.1 ± 44.6; P=0.03), demonstrated greater degree of interstitial lung disease by chest CT (P In conclusion, we find that in patients with sickle cell disease, 1) pulmonary hypertension, though relatively mild, is associated with severe impairments in cardiopulmonary function, 2) traditional markers of functional capacity such as six-minute walk test can be utilized in this population as a therapeutic endpoint for clinical trials, 3) and therapy with sildenafil seems to have a favorable impact on pulmonary pressures and functional capacity.
XY
 mixers: Analytical and numerical results for the quantum alternating operator ansatz

The quantum alternating operator ansatz (QAOA) is a promising gate-model metaheuristic for combinatorial optimization. Applying the algorithm to problems with constraints presents an implementation challenge for near-term quantum resources. This paper explores strategies for enforcing hard constraints by using $XY$ Hamiltonians as mixing operators (mixers). Despite the complexity of simulating the $XY$ model, we demonstrate that, for an integer variable admitting $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ discrete values represented through one-hot encoding, certain classes of the mixer Hamiltonian can be implemented without Trotter error in depth $O(\ensuremath{\kappa})$. We also specify general strategies for implementing QAOA circuits on all-to-all connected hardware graphs and linearly connected hardware graphs inspired by fermionic simulation techniques. Performance is validated on graph-coloring problems that are known to be challenging for a given classical algorithm. The general strategy of using $XY$ mixers is borne out numerically, demonstrating a significant improvement over the general $X$ mixer, and moreover the generalized $W$ state yields better performance than easier-to-generate classical initial states when $XY$ mixers are used.
Adversarial Dynamic Shapelet Networks

Shapelets are discriminative subsequences for time series classification. Recently, learning time-series shapelets (LTS) was proposed to learn shapelets by gradient descent directly. Although learning-based shapelet methods achieve better results than previous methods, they still have two shortcomings. First, the learned shapelets are fixed after training and cannot adapt to time series with deformations at the testing phase. Second, the shapelets learned by back-propagation may not be similar to any real subsequences, which is contrary to the original intention of shapelets and reduces model interpretability. In this paper, we propose a novel shapelet learning model called Adversarial Dynamic Shapelet Networks (ADSNs). An adversarial training strategy is employed to prevent the generated shapelets from diverging from the actual subsequences of a time series. During inference, a shapelet generator produces sample-specific shapelets, and a dynamic shapelet transformation uses the generated shapelets to extract discriminative features. Thus, ADSN can dynamically generate shapelets that are similar to the real subsequences rather than having arbitrary shapes. The proposed model has high modeling flexibility while retaining the interpretability of shapelet-based methods. Experiments conducted on extensive time series data sets show that ADSN is state-of-the-art compared to existing shapelet-based methods. The visualization analysis also shows the effectiveness of dynamic shapelet generation and adversarial training.
Perception and satisfactory level of beneficiaries regarding female sterilization services through client exit interview at various facilities of Rajkot district

1Department of Community Medicine, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, Gujarat, India, 2Department of Community Medicine, American International Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, 3Department of Community Medicine, P.D. U. Government Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India, 4Medical Officer, Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot, Gujarat, India, 5District Programme Officer, National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke, Gir-Somnath, Gujarat, India