Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface drifters and model trajectories in the Baltic Sea

This thesis presents several ways to understand transports of air and water masses in the atmosphere and ocean, and the transports of energy that they imply. It presents work using various kinds of observations as well as computer simulations of the atmosphere and oceans. One of the main focuses is to identify similarities and differences between models and observations, as well as between different models.The first half of the thesis applies Lagrangian methods to study flows in the atmosphere and oceans. Part of the work focuses on understanding how particles follow the currents in the Baltic Sea and how they disperse. It is suggested that the commonly used regional ocean model for the Baltic Sea, RCO, underestimates the transport and the dispersion of the particles, which can have consequences for studies of e.g. biogeochemistry as well as for operational use. A similar methodology is used to study how particles are transported between the tropics and mid-latitudes by the large-scale atmospheric circulation. It is found that the mass transport associated with northbound and southbound particles can cancel in the zonally averaged circulation, and we propose that the degree of cancellation depends on the method of averaging.The latter half of the thesis focuses on Eulerian stream functions and specifically a thermodynamic stream function that combines the zonal and meridional circulations of the atmosphere into a single circulation. The results are used to study the inter-annual variability of the intensity and thermodynamic properties of the global atmospheric circulation. A significant correlation to ENSO variability is found both in reanalysis and the EC-Earth coupled climate model. It is also shown that a set of models from the CMIP5 project show a slowdown of the atmospheric circulation as a result of global warming and associated changes in near-surface moisture content and upper-level radiative cooling.
Media Representation of Extreme Event Attribution: A Case Study of the 2011–17 California Drought

Extreme event attribution (EEA) is a relatively new branch of climate science combining weather ob- servations and modeling to assess and quantify whether and to what extent anthropogenic climate change altered extreme weather events (such as heat waves, droughts, and ﬂoods). Such weather events are frequently depicted in the media, which enhances the potential of EEA coverage to serve as a tool to communicate on-the-ground climate impacts to the general public. However, few academic papers have systematically analyzed EEA’s media representation. This paper helps to ﬁll this literature gap through a comprehensive analysis of media coverage of the 2011–17 California drought, with speciﬁc attention to the types of attribution and uncertainty represented. Results from an analysis of ﬁve U.S. media outlets between 2014 and 2015 indicate that the connection between the drought and climate change was covered widely in both local and national news. However, legitimate differences in the methods underpinning the attribution studies performed by different researchers often resulted in a frame of scientiﬁc uncertainty or disagreement in the media coverage. While this case study shows substantial media interest in attribution science, it also raises important challenges for scientists and others communicating the results of multiple attribution studies via the media.
Metalloprotease-dependent Protransforming Growth Factor-α Ectodomain Shedding in the Absence of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-converting Enzyme*

Zinc-dependent metalloproteases can mediate the shedding of the extracellular domain of many unrelated transmembrane proteins from the cell surface. In most instances, this process, also known as ectodomain shedding, is regulated via protein kinase C (PKC). The tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (TACE) was the first protease involved in regulated protein ectodomain shedding identified. Although TACE belongs to the family of metalloprotease-disintegrins, few members of this family have been shown to participate in regulated ectodomain shedding. In fact, the phenotype of tace−/− cells and that of Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants defective in ectodomain shedding points to the existence of a common PKC-activated ectodomain shedding system, whose proteolytic component is TACE, that acts on a variety of transmembrane proteins. Examples of these proteins include the Alzheimer's disease-related protein β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) and the transmembrane growth factors protransforming growth factor-α (pro-TGF-α) and, as shown in this report, proheparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (pro-HB-EGF). Here we show that the mercurial compound 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA), frequently used to activatein vitro recombinant matrix metalloproteases, is an activator of the shedding of βAPP, pro-HB-EGF, and pro-TGF-α. Treatment of tace−/− cells or Chinese hamster ovary shedding-defective mutants with APMA activates the cleavage of pro-TGF-α but not that of pro-HB-EGF or βAPP, indicating that APMA activates TACE and also a previously unacknowledged proteolytic activity specific for pro-TGF-α. Characterization of this proteolytic activity indicates that it acts on pro-TGF-α located at the cell surface and that it is a metalloprotease active in cells defective in furin activity. In summary, treatment of shedding-defective cell lines with APMA unveils the existence of a metalloprotease activity alternative to TACE with the ability to specifically shed the ectodomain of pro-TGF-α.
Development of Aquaculture Methods for Southern Flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma

ABSTRACT Nursery and growout trials of hatchery-raised southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, were conducted in tanks and raceways using recirculating systems. Three-month-old juveniles were stocked at 0.5/L in 800-L round tanks and raised in sea water for three months before being acclimated to freshwater and transferred to a 24-ton raceway, where they remained until they were 14 months old. Fish were exposed to salinities ranging from 0-32 ppt and temperature ranging from 17-30°C. Southern flounder grew to an average 169 g (±68.92 SD) and 25.06 cm (±4.30 SD) in 420 days (14 months after hatching). Growth rates of 3- to 14-month-old southern flounder in this experimental trial are expressed by the exponential equation y = 0.0773 e00188x (r2 = 0.77). Overall feed conversion ratio was 0.79. Survival rate of 22.5% was achieved during the nursery and grow-out trials. Mortality occurred mainly due to the outbreak of diseases such as ectoparasitic infestations of the copepod Argulus sp. and the dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatus. A large number of slow-growing, stunted fish suggests that early selection of the fast-growing fish belonging to the large size class for grow-out is currently the best alternative for the successful culture of this species.
The Lactococcus lactis nisin-sucrose conjugative transposon Tn5276

The aim of the research described in this thesis was to identify and characterize the genetic element carrying the information for nisin biosynthesis and sucrose proficiency, the nisin-sucrose element. The thesis has the following outline. Chapter 2 describes our current knowledge of nisin genetics and the recent advances in the protein engineering of nisin. The cloning and analysis of several parts of the nisin-sucrose element of L. lactis strain NIZO R5 are described in the next two chapters. Chapter 3 deals with the prenisin gene, nis A, and its surrounding region, which includes the insertion sequence IS 1068 . In Chapter 4, the organization and transcription of the sucrose ( sac ) operon and the characterization of the gene for sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase are described. The different parts of the nisin-sucrose element were used as DNA probes to investigate the nature and location of this element (Chapter 5). It was shown that the nisin-sucrose element of L. lactis NIZO R5 is a large (70 kb), conjugative transposon, designated Tn 5276. Chapter 6 describes the isolation and analysis of the genes that encode the transposition functions of Tn 5276. The experiments leading to a model for excision and insertion of Tn 5276 are described in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 deals with the distribution and evolution of nisin-sucrose elements in L. lactis . The thesis is completed with the summary and concluding remarks (Chapter 9) and a Dutch summary (Chapter 10).
THE LOCAL AND EXPATRIATE LEADERSHIP STYLES IN THE IN INDONESIAN COMPANIES: A QUALITATIVE FINDING

A leader is a crucial factor in the life of an organization. The progress of an organization depends on the extent to which the leader can bring the organization to achieve organizational goals. What emerges is the quality of foreign workers (expatriates). Many expatriates have quality and competences under local workers. The aim of this study is to know and analyze the problem of foreign workers, whether they are capable of working in accordance with competence since many positions as expatriates occupy leaders or managers. The research method uses a qualitative approach with respondents of local workers who have ever been led by expatriates and locals. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach; the sampling method uses purposive sampling. The result of this study reveals that local leaders are more effective (than expatriate ones) due to the same culture and language. Expatriate leaders and local leaders have a different working culture that is brought from their own country so that they have their strengths and weaknesses resulted from their leadership style or the way they lead their subordinates.
The reproductive capacity of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) under different climatic conditions.

The seed production of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) was studied in pot trials under two temperature (28–35°C – Warm or 18–25°C – Cool) and two soil moisture (field capacity – Wet; or half of field capacity – Dry) regimes. The highest amount of seed (26,628) was produced under the Warm/Wet conditions while the Cool/Wet conditions produced the lowest amount of seed (15,510) per plant. However, a proportion of this seed was unfilled (as determined by X-ray analysis), with the greatest number of unfilled seed found under the two Cool regimes (c. 60%). Small amounts of dormant seed were also produced, with the highest amount found under the two Warm regimes (c. 9% or 1500 seed per plant). The germination percentage of all filled and non-dormant seed was c. 98%, indicating a very high seed viability under all production regimes and highlighting the remarkable reproductive ability of this species. When using a laboratory-controlled ageing test to predict seed persistence in the field, it was discovered that the seed produced under the two Warm regimes was likely to survive in the soil seed bank longer (i.e. for 3 years) than that produced under the two Cool conditions (i.e. for 1–3 years).
Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa

Groundwater provides a vital source of drinking water for rural communities in many parts of Africa, particularly in the dry season when there are few safe alternative sources. This paper summarises results from a study (n = 428) assessing dry season water quality, both microbiological and inorganic chemistry, in handpump equipped boreholes (HPBs) across the Ethiopia Highlands (n = 142), Malawi (n = 162) and Uganda (n = 124) using a stratified, randomised sampling design. This study seeks to examine general water quality by randomly sampling rural groundwater supplies across larger areas with different geology and climate. The majority, 72%, of HPBs surveyed provide good quality dry season drinking water as defined by WHO drinking water quality criteria. Within this overall picture, the most notable constraints were from thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs), which exceeded the WHO drinking water guideline of zero colony forming units (cfu/100 ml) in 21% of sites (range 0–626 cfu/100 ml). TTC contamination was found to have a significant and positive correlation with annual average rainfall (ρ = 0.2, p = 0.00003). Across all three countries, WHO health based chemical drinking water quality values were exceeded at 9% of sites and were found for manganese (4%), fluoride (2.6%) and nitrate (2.5%); arsenic concentrations were below the guideline value of 10 μg l−1 (range < 0.5–7 μg l−1). The high percentage of Mn exceedances (14% ± 5.2% >400 μg l−1) found in drinking water sources in Uganda challenges the decision by WHO not to formalise a health-based guideline for Mn. While the overall level of microbiological contamination from HPBs is low, results from this study strongly suggest that at a national and regional level, microbiological contamination rather than chemical contamination will provide a greater barrier to achieving targets set for improved drinking water quality under the UN-SDG 6. Efforts should be made to ensure that boreholes are properly sited and constructed effectively to reduce pathogen contamination.
Influencia del drenaje de estanques de cultivo de camarón sobre las características físicas y químicas de las aguas marinas adyacentes

Monhly sampling was performed during August 1993 to October 1996, inside and outside three tidal ponds used for shrimp culture. Our aim was to identify if the culture conditions could influence the surrounding waters and induce some adverse impact. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, inorganic and organic phosphorous variables were measured. The sampling period comprised three stages of pounds development: a) Initial stage (0% of water exchange, no shrimp culture) characterized by high salinity (80%) and sulfate (6 g l-1) values, and high nitrite variability; b) Intermediate stage (30% of water exchange, shrimps fed with pelleted food), where a bance between external and internal variables was reached. It was obtained a yield of 450 kg ha-1. c) Final stage (itroducing paddlewheel aerators and fertilizing the ponds with superphosphate and urea), showing an increase in dissolved oxygen, nitrates and inorganic phosphorous variability, either inside and outside the ponds, and increase in organic phosphorous inside the ponds. During this final stage a yield of 1500 kg ha-1 was obtained. Te organic matter input by the pelleted food, induced microalge growth and shrimp metabolism during the final stage, was efficiently oxidized inside the ponds. In such a way only inorganic N and P were observed outside the ponds matching the internal variability. The management of these ponds at this final stage does not induce a negative environmental impact on sorrounding waters, and assures an attractive shrimp harvesting.
Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes improve carbohydrate digestion in exercising horses

Poznań University of Life Sciences, 1 Department of Animal Nutrition, 60-637 Poznań, Poland 2 Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, 60-637 Poznań. Poland 3 National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland 4 Institute of Zoology, Division of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, 60-625, Poznań, Poland 5 Research and Development ABVista Feed Ingredients, SN8 4AN, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK
Les peuplements de poissons et de crevettes des rivières de la Guadeloupe : quelques données sur la biologie, la reproduction, la répartition des espèces

Des invenfaires de populations ont ete realises par peche elecfrique dans les rivieres de Guadeloupe. Les crevettes et les poissons se repartissent en deux categories de peuplement. Dans la parfie aval des rivieres, les poissons predateurs representent la plus grande parlie de la biomasse. Dans la partie amont, ce sont les crevelies qui sont majorifaires. Toutes les especes capturees posst? dent des stades larvaires vivant en mer ou en esfuaire. L’aptitude des juveniles a remonter les cours d’eau determine probablement l’e&ension de chaque espece vers l’amont. Dans le cours inferieur des rivieres, les poissons predateurs 1imiIent le developpement des population. ~ de crevettes, tandis qu’en amont, en raison de l’absence de poissons predafeurs, les crevetfes forment des populations fres importantes. Tous ces animaux se reproduisent principalement en efe, pendant la saison des pluies. L’allongement des jours constitue, pour une espece de poisson au moins, le facteur deferminant le commencement de la periode de reproduction.
Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons

Venomous and Poisonous Animals-A Biologist's View, J. Meier Poisonous and Venomous Animals-The Physician's View, J. White Biology and Distribution of Poisonous Marine Animals, D. Mebs Clinical Toxicology of Shellfish Poisoning, D. Smart Clinical Toxicology of Ciguatera Poisoning, P. Glaziou, M. Chinain, and A. -M. Legrand Clinical Toxicology of Fugu Poisoning, N. Kaku and J. Meier Biology and Distribution of Venomous Marine Animals, D. Mebs Clinical Toxicology of Marine Coelenterate Injuries, J. Williamson and J. Burnett Clinical Toxicology of Conus Snail Stings, L.J. Cruz and J. White Clinical Toxicology of Sea Urchin and Starfish Injuries, C. Acott and J. Meier Clinical Toxicology of Venomous Stingray Injuries, C. Acott and J. Meier Clinical Toxicology of Venomous Scorpaenidae and Other Selected Fish Stings, J. Williamson Clinical Toxicology of Sea Snake Bites, J. White Clinical Toxicology of Blue-Ringed Octopus Bites, J. White Biology and Distribution of Ticks of Medical Importance, A. Aeschlimann and T.A. Freyvogel Clinical Toxicology of Tick Bites, J. White Biology and Distribution of Scorpions of Medical Importance, S.M. Lucas and J. Meier Clinical Toxicology of Scorpion Stings, M. Dehesa-Davila, A.C. Alagon, and L.D. Possani Biology and Distribution of Spiders of Medical Importance, S.M. Lucas and J. Meier Clinical Toxicology of Spider Bites, J. White, J.L. Cardoso, and H.W. Fan Biology and Distribution of Hymenopterans of Medical Importance, Their Venom Apparatus, and Venom Composition, J. Meier Clinical Toxicology of Hymenopteran Stings, H. Mosbech Clinical Toxicology of Helodermatidae Lizard Bites, D. Mebs Biology and Distribution of Venomous Snakes of Medical Importance and the Composition of Snake Venoms, J. Meier and K.F. Stocker Clinical Toxicology of Snakebite in Europe, H. Persson Clinical Toxicology of Snakebite in Africa and the Middle East/Arabian Peninsula, D.A. Warrell Clinical Toxicology of Snakebite in Asia, D.A. Warrell Clinical Toxicology of Snakebite in Australia and New Guinea, J. White Clinical Toxicology of Snakebite in North America, H.F. Gomez and R.C. Dart Clinical Toxicology of Snakebite in Central America, J.M. Gutierrez Clinical Toxicology of Snakebite in South America, J.L. Cardoso Commercially Available Antivenoms ("Hyperimmune Sera", "Antivenins", "Antisera") and Antivenom Therapy, J. Meier and J. White Index
Quality parameters of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. wood and charcoal.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the parameters of a 5 years old Eucalyptus pellita clone wood quality as well as its charcoal’s physical and chemical properties, and to evaluate the influence of time and final carbonization temperature. Trees were collected in a 3.0 x 2.0 m spacing plantation belonging to the former Companhia Agrícola e Florestal Santa Bárbara (CAF). Wood basic density, chemical and elementary compositions and caloric values were determined. Charcoal gravimetric yield, chemical and elementary compositions, apparent density and calorific values were determined. The results showed that carbonization run at a heating rate of 1.25 °C / min produced charcoal with the best properties. It was conclude that the Eucalyptus pellita presents satisfactory properties for charcoal production. The low age didn’t impair the quality of wood for energy purposes. However, further studies should be conducted to determine the influence of reduction cutting cycles on volume and wood quality.
Omeprazole vs Lansoprazole in the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Literature Review

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of omeprazole compared to lansoprazole in Gastroesophageal reflux disease patients (GERD). Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE (inception to December 2019) and CENTRAL (January 2011 to December 2019) was conducted to identify the relevant articles. A detailed inclusion-exclusion criterion was developed and implemented to screen the abstracts. Full texts of the selected abstracts were then assessed to establish their inclusion or exclusion in our review. Cochrane risk of bias criterion was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. All relevant data were extracted and the results were summarised narratively. Results: 9 studies met our inclusion-exclusion criteria and were included in this review. In all three trials reporting on heartburn and regurgitation, both omeprazole and lansoprazole were found to be effective in relieving the symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation; however, there was no evidence that one is better than the other. Five out of six studies reporting on intragastric pH provided the evidence of omeprazole’s superiority over lansoprazole in controlling gastric pH. Omeprazole lowered intragastric pH faster and the results lasted longer compared to lansoprazole. The results were statistically significant. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the clinical effectiveness of omeprazole and lansoprazole in relieving symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. However, omeprazole is more effective in reducing gastric acidity than lansoprazole.
Heterotic Effects Regarding Salt Tolerance in Some Characters of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

The salt tolerance of some barley genotypes and their cross populations were evaluated at seedling stage in a greenhouse, and at the generative stage in a saline field in line x tester analysis. Promising crosses were determined through comparison of heterotic effects. Tokak-157/37 x LIGNEE-640, Quantum x MENTA "S" and Kaya-7794 x MENTA "S" were found to be superior cross combinations with respect to salt tolerance in both greenhouse and field conditions. In the cross populations, the highest- positive heterosis values were 25.00% for seedling emergence, 26.53% for root length, 66.27% for shoot length to root length ratio, 9.39% for spike length, 26.69% for number of spiklets per spike, 50.11% for thousand grain weight and 33.12% for single spike yield. The highest positive heterobeltiosis were 50.98% for shoot length to root length ratio and 46.58% for thousand grain weight respectively.