Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ameloblastoma: Clinicopathologic and therapeutic analysis of 67 cases seen at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria

INTRODUCTION: Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm which is slow growing, locally aggressive, and has a potential for recurrence. Recurrence rates as high as 75% have been reported. If unattended to, it results in large grotesque maxillofacial growths with consequent impairment of function and esthetics. This study aims to report the clinicopathologic and surgical outcome of patients managed on account of ameloblastoma at a Nigerian teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of patients histologically diagnosed with ameloblastoma of the jaws between March 2010 and March 2017 at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital were retrieved. Information on biodata, clinic-pathologic features, treatment modality, mode of reconstruction, postsurgical follow-up period, and recurrence was obtained. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were included in this study, including 41 (61.2%) males and 26 (38.8%) females; with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 31.43 (±13.65) years. The modal decade of presentation was the third decade of life. Majority of the tumors were right sided 27 (40.3%). Fifty-six (83.6%) of the cases were seen in the mandible, while 11 (16.4%) occurred in the maxilla. Majority of the tumors were multilocular 62 (92.5%). All the unilocular radiolucencies were seen among patients younger than 23 years of age. The most frequently observed histological subtype was the follicular type 26 (38.8%); rare mixed lesions were also seen. Immediate reconstruction was performed in most of the patients. Recurrence was observed in 1 case (1.5%). CONCLUSION: Ameloblastoma remains a prominent health challenge in our climes. Patients often present late resulting in large maxillofacial tumors that are challenging to manage.
Wybrane elementy stylu życia nauczycieli akademickich a dolegliwości bólowe odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa

Wstęp. Zespoły bólowe lędźwiowego odcinka kręgosłupa są ważnym problemem, wymagającym podjęcia szeroko zakrojonych działań o charakterze profilaktycznym. Dużą rolę w przekazywaniu informacji dotyczących schorzeń kręgosłupa i ich profilaktyki odgrywają nauczyciele akademiccy. Wykładowca, jako autorytet dla studentów, może stać się przykładem odpowiedniego postępowania w zapobieganiu zespołom bólowym kręgosłupa. Celem pracy jest określenie stopnia zależności między specyfiką wykonywanej pracy i stylem życia nauczycieli akademickich a występującymi u nich dolegliwościami bólowymi odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa. Materiał i metody. Grupę badaną stanowiło 103 nauczycieli akademickich kierunków medycznych, podzielonych na dwie grupy: instruktorzy zawodu oraz pracownicy naukowi i dydaktyczni. W pracy zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Techniką badań była ankieta, narzędzie stanowił kwestionariusz stworzony na potrzeby pracy przez jej autorów. W kwestionariuszu wyróżniono: metryczkę, narzędzia do oceny stopnia natężenia bólu tj. : skalę Jacksona-Moskowitza oraz skalę VAS, Kwestionariusz Niesprawności Roland-Morris i pytania dotyczące stylu życia oraz sposobów wykonywania różnych czynności w ciągu dnia. Wyniki. U zdecydowanej większości respondentów występował lub występuje zespół bólowy dolnego odcinka kręgosłupa, najczęściej okresowy o średnim natężeniu. Wg Kwestionariusza Niesprawności Rolanda-Morrisa u ankietowanych stwierdzono niski stopień niepełnosprawności. Badane osoby z wyższym wskaźnikiem BMI posiadają większe natężenie dolegliwości bólowych i wyższy stopień niepełnosprawności. Wnioski. Istnieje związek pomiędzy wskaźnikiem BMI a natężeniem dolegliwości bólowych kręgosłupa nauczycieli akademickich i stopniem ich niepełnosprawności. Ponad połowa badanych nauczycieli akademickich zna prawidłowe sposoby wykonywania większości czynności codziennych i stosuje je w swoim życiu.
Inflammatory responses against Gram negative bacteria induced by TLR4 and NLRP12

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is indispensable for recognition of Gram-negative bacteria. We described a trafficking pathway for TLR4 from the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) to E. coli phagosomes. We found a prominent colocalization between TLR4 and the small GTPase Rab11a in the ERC, and Rab11a was involved in the recruitment of TLR4 to phagosomes in a process requiring TLR4 signaling. Also, Toll-receptor-associated molecule (TRAM) and interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF3) localized to E. coli phagosomes and internalization of E. coli was required for a robust interferon-β induction. Suppression of Rab11a reduced TLR4 in the ERC and on phagosomes leading to inhibition of the IRF3 signaling pathway induced by E. coli, whereas activation of the transcription factor NF-κB was unaffected. Moreover, Rab11a silencing reduced the amount of TRAM on phagosomes. Thus, Rab11a is an important regulator of TLR4 and TRAM transport to E. coli phagosomes thereby controlling IRF3 activation from this compartment.
New species and revision of Myrmosicarius (Diptera: Phoridae) that parasitize leaf-cutter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The genus Myrmosicarius Borgmeier is revised. M. brandaoi n. sp. , M. cristobalensis n. sp. , M. gonzalezae n. sp. and M. longipapis n. sp. from Argentina, with M. cristobalensis from Paraguay also, are described. M. diabolicus is synonymized with M. crudelis and M. cuspidatus is synonymized with M. catharinensis. A new key to the females is provided and new host records reported.
Role of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement rod in control of bone infection and assessing its role in union in cases of infective nonunion of long bones

INTRODUCTION: Managing and treating infected nonunion is one of the most challenging clinical scenarios despite numerous advances in the fixation methods, soft-tissue management, and antibiotic therapy. The infection of the fracture site causes internal fixation to become unstable and it slows down fracture healing. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess role of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement rod in control of bone infection and assessing its role in union in cases of infective nonunion of long bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study comprising of 30 cases of established infected nonunion of long bones carried out in a tertiary care center in Western Maharashtra. Patients of nonunion of long bone diaphysis with established clinical and laboratory evidence of infection were included in the study. RESULTS: Twenty-one cases showed complete union at 6 months or earlier. Two more cases showed significant callus formation. In three cases, there was no callus formation at fracture site till 6 months. DISCUSSION: Various authors in their studies confirmed that gentamicin and vancomycin are antibiotics which maintain activity even after being exposed to the high temperatures resulting from poly (methyl methacrylate) hardening. CONCLUSION: From our study, we confirm that the use of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement rod has a significant role in control of bone infection and also assists in union in cases of infective nonunion of long bones.
Oleanolic acid but not ursolic acid induces cell death in HepG2 cells under starvation-induced autophagy

Cancer incidence is increasing worldwide mainly due to changes in diet, life style and increased lifespan. In particular, liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Plant phytochemicals are a good and promising source of anticancer compounds. In a previous study, we reported the potential of ursolic acid (UA) to induce cell death and to inhibit proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. This natural triterpenoid, UA, was also shown to activate JNK and to modulate molecular markers of autophagy. In the present study, the ability of two isomer triterpenoids, UA and oleanolic acid (OA), to induce cell death and modulate autophagy in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2 cells) was tested. For that, the effect of these phytochemicals on cell death was evaluated by MTT assay and propidium iodide staining, in complete and starvation medium. Autophagy markers were evaluated by western blot and fluorescence microscopy. Contrary to our previous data with other cell lines, HepG2 cells were less susceptible to UA and, unexpectedly, OA was a more potent inducer of cell death than UA. Interestingly, starvation-induced autophagy sensitized HepG2 cells to cell death caused by OA, but not by UA. The IC50 of OA decreased from about 50 μM in complete medium to 3.5 μM in starvation medium. Although UA and OA increased the levels of autophagy markers LC3 and p62, as well as the number of acidic vacuoles (as assessed by MDC staining), the cell death induced by OA was not prevented by inhibitors of autophagy and of lysosome proteases. Overall, the results seem to indicate that autophagy is not directly involved in cell death induced by OA. Interestingly, methyl-β-cyclodextrin (a polymer able to decrease membrane cholesterol content) prevented OA-induced cell death, which indicates that disruption of cholesterol homeostasis, and in particular in lipid rafts, may be involved in OA effects under starvation conditions. The present results suggest the application of OA as a specific drug for cancer treatment in particular cell physiological conditions, such as under metabolic stress.
Susceptibility of melon fruit fly, Dacus ciliatus, to entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida) and to insecticides.

The efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and chemical insecticides against melon fruit flies Dacus ciliatus (Loew) infecting cucurbits in Egypt was evaluated. Five specie of EPN (2 species of Steinernema and 3 of Heterorhabditis) and two insecticides were screened. In general,the data indicated that Steinernema feltiae (NC) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (BA1) were the most effective species against larvae and pupae compared with S. abbasi, H. bacteriophora (HB) and H. indica (SAA2), either on filter paper or in sandy soil. One day after treatment, S. feltiae caused 50% mortality of 2 nd instar larvae of D. ciliatus and 20 to 40% mortality to other tested EPN species. Mortality percentages reached 100% for all species 3 days after application with 1000 IJs/ml, while the mortality recorded 90% for S. feltiae at rate 500 IJs/ml and 70% to 80% for the other species. At the 7 th day prior to application of EPN's, mortality reached 100% for all species at the two concentrations.The data showed that S. feltiae was the most effective nematode species to control the melon fruit, followed by H. bacteriophora (BA1 and HB); S. abbasi (ABB) and H. indica (SAA2). Two chemical insecticides (profenofos and pirimiphos-methyl) were used against the cucurbit fruit flies. Both tested insecticides caused high mortality in comparison to EPN's, however, the latter is the more preferable mainly due to its safety to the environment.
Transcriptional Regulation in Algae, Fungi and Plants: Mating Loci, Splicing, and miRNAs

Genome-wide analysis of gene expression and regulation is important for elucidating basic principles of how cells function. In addition to gene expression, this dissertation will also discuss two methods of RNA-mediated RNA regulation: mRNA splicing and microRNAs. Three projects investigating gene expression and regulation using the Illumina platform are discussed here. The first project describes mRNA expression analysis of dozens of genes on the mating locus of the multicellular green alga, Volvox carteri in both the male and female mating types. The analysis describes sex-specific genes for both male and female mating types, and reveals the evolutionary history of the locus. The second project describes very low frequency splice products in a unicellular fungus with a fairly simple splicing landscape, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These extremely rare splice events shed light on the mechanism of selecting splice sites in eukaryotic organisms. The third project describes an algorithm for predicting novel candidate microRNAs from small RNA sequence data. We describe a Naive Bayes Classifier to differentiate microRNAs from contaminants and provide experimental validation of top candidates.
Causes and consequences of dominance and diversity in grasslands

Theory predicts that species coexistence and relative abundances should be determined by the differences among species in the strength of intraversus interspecific competitive abilities. While many greenhouse studies have compared the relative strengths of intraand interspecific competition, few experiments have examined how this correlates with relative abundance of co-occurring species in natural systems. We compared competition among common and rare perennial plants that co-occur in grasslands in western Montana, USA. We designed a garden experiment where a focal individual was surrounded by four individuals from the same species (intraspecific) or another species (interspecific) to test the relative strengths of competition. We used the relative interaction index (Rii) to compare performance when grown alone to performance in competition. The interspecific treatment included 10 different combinations of groups based on abundance (common or rare) and functional (grass or forb) categories. As predicted by theory, intraspecific competition was stronger for common species than for rare species. Surprisingly, however, common species were also less tolerant (competitive response) to interspecific competition than rare species suggesting that other mechanisms besides variation in interspecific competitive responses likely influence the abundance of our focal species in nature. Furthermore, the mean competitive effect of common species was no different than that of rare species. Thus
A Multi-Pronged Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells.

The relative resistance of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) to chemotherapies highlights the need to develop new agents to target this cell population. The present study suggests that 17-(Allylamino)-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), a Hsp90 inhibitor, targets breast CSCs, identified using the Aldefluor assay, in vitro and in mouse xenografts at low doses. Breast Aldefluor-positive cells, which are known to display stem cell properties, exhibited a seven-fold higher sensitivity to Hsp90 inhibition in vitro than the bulk population of breast cancer cells. Low concentrations of 17AAG (5-10 nM) reduced the amount of Aldefluor-positive cells by more than 50% and inhibited their tumorsphere formation rate. In mice, lowdose of 17AAG (5 mg/kg) reduced the number of Aldefluor-positive cells in xenografts generated from human primary breast cancer MC1 cells by 60%. In addition, 17AAG was shown to impair the tumorigenicity of residual Aldefluorpositive cells in secondary implantation in NOD/SCID mice. The western blot analysis and LEF-1/TCF reporter assay suggested that the inhibition of Aldefluorpositive cell growth by 17AAG involves the dysregulation of Akt/β-catenin/Wnt
Mechanism of Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus in Groundnut by Species of Trichoderma

Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut by Aspergillus flavus is a serious problem affecting the quality and commercial value of groundnut kernels. Biological management of A. flavus infection at pre- and post-harvest levels by using species of Trichoderma is a promising approach. Trichoderma isolates from the fields of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka states of India were evaluated for their ability to control A. flavus (strain Af 11-4) in the laboratory. Out of 212 isolates of Trichoderma, 36 were potent antagonists and these were analyzed for the production of volatile and diffusible antibiotics. Twenty-one of the 36 isolates produced volatile antibiotics and 15 produced diffusible antibiotics. Biocontrol mechanism of their action was analyzed by estimating extracellular enzyme production viz, chitinase, protease and glucanase. Maximum chitinase activity was associated with the isolate T. viride (Tv 24), T. pseudokoningii (Tp 29) and T. harzianum (Th 42). T. harzianum showed a maximum protease activity while T. koningii (Tk 83) and T. longibrachiatum (Tl 102) produced glucanases in the presence of glucose.
Two new species of Austrolimnophila from the Mediterranean (Diptera: Limoniidae)

Two new species of Austrolimnophila Alexander, 1920 (subgenus Austrolimnophila s. str.) are described, A. (A.) cretica sp. nov. (Greece: Crete) and A. (A.) pallidior sp. nov. (Algeria), and their male terminalia are illustrated. A key to the Western Palaearctic species of Austrolimnophila s. str. is appended.
Characterization of Petunia x hybrida 'Mitchell Diploid' Metacaspases during Petal Senescence

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments. v Vita . vi List of Tables . xii List of Figures . xiiii Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Overview of Petal Senescence.1 Regulation of Senescence.2 Ethylene Signal Transduction and Regulation of Petal Senescence.3 Programmed Cell Death.6 Caspases & Caspase-like Activity in Plants.7 Regulation of Caspase Activity in Plants.9 Localization of Caspase-like Proteins.10 Metacaspases.11
Epidemiological characterization of ophidian accidents in a Colombian tertiary referral hospital. Retrospective study 2004-2014

Introduccion. En Colombia se presentan 5 000 casos de ofidismo anuales, un problema de salud publica que por manejo inadecuado provoca mortalidad en el 8% de los casos y discapacidad en el 10%. Objetivo. Describir las caracteristicas clinicoepidemiologicas de los pacientes diagnosticados con accidente ofidico en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia. Materiales y metodos. Se realizo una revision de las historias clinicas con diagnostico de ofidismo del Hospital Universitario De La Samaritana Empresa Social del Estado, en el periodo 2004-2014, analizando la frecuencia en las variables asociadas a la mordedura de serpiente, el tratamiento previo y el manejo intrahospitalario. Resultados. Se revisaron 42 historias clinicas. Predomino el ofidismo en hombres agricultores, con mordedura en miembros inferiores y asistidos inicialmente por curanderos. 90% de los pacientes presento sobreinfeccion, 30% tuvo cultivo de la herida, 74% recibio antibiotico, al 50% se les realizo fasciotomia y al 95.2% se le suministro antiveneno. Conclusiones. Se evidencio variabilidad en el manejo de los pacientes y discrepancia en la dosis de antiveneno y la clasificacion de severidad del envenenamiento, alta incidencia de infecciones a pesar del esquema antibiotico y procedimientos quirurgicos reevaluados en ofidismo. El manejo medico del accidente ofidico debe estar en continua actualizacion para disminuir discapacidad y mortalidad en los pacientes.
The Effectiveness of Ozone Therapy in Chronic Osteomyelitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis is complex and includes long-term management with antibiotics and debridement. Inadequate blood supply, underlying diseases, and deep involvement of the infected area can cause classic treatments to fail and lead to serious complications, such as limb amputation. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of ozone therapy for infectious diseases. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of ozone therapy on chronic osteomyelitis. Methods: Sixty patients with chronic osteomyelitis were divided into two homogenized groups: ozone therapy and control. Ozone therapy at a concentration of 30 mg/mL was performed daily by ozone bagging, minor autohemotherapy, and ozone saline injection into the bone. Data were analyzed to determine recovery and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Results: The recovery rate was 73.33% in the control group versus 86.66% in the ozone group (P = 0.31). No significant difference was found between the groups regarding the recovery rate (P = 0.86). However, considering the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the results were significantly superior in the ozone group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: These findings indicate that ozone therapy, as a promising complementary treatment, can be applied in chronic osteomyelitis management.
In vitro anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant proprieties of Juniperus phoenicea L. leaves from Tunisia

ABSTRACT Objective To examine chemical composition and antioxidant activity as well as the in vitro α-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Juniperus phoenicea ( J. phoenicea ). Methods Essential oil obtained by steam distillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil and various extracts of J. phoenicea were determined by DPPH and β-carotene bleaching methods. Results Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the J. phoenicea essential oil resulted in the identification of 37 compounds, representing 96.98% of the oil; α-Pinene (24.02%), limonene (7.94%), D-3-Carene (16.9%), Germacrene D (11.98%), Germacrene B (5.40%) and δ-cadinene (6.52%) were the major compounds. The IC 50 values of essential oil, hexane and methanol extracts against α-amylase were 35.44, 30.15 and 53.76 μg/mL respectively, and those against pancreatic lipase were 66.15, 68.47 and 60.22 μg/mL respectively, suggesting powerful anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. Antioxidant activity (IC 50 =2 μg/mL) and total phenolics content (265 mg as gallic acid equivalent/g extract) of the methanol extract were found to be the highest compared to the other extracts. Conclusions The findings showed that the extents of α-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of the J. phoenicea extracts as well as their antioxidant activity are in accordance with total phenolics contents. Leaves of J. phoenicea being rich in phenolics may provide a good source of natural products with interesting medicinal properties.
Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes.

Woody riparian vegetation in western North American riparian ecosystems is commonly dependent on alluvial groundwater. Various natural and anthropogenic mechanisms can cause groundwater declines that stress ripar- ian vegetation, but little quantitative information exists on the nature of plant response to different magnitudes, rates, and durations of groundwater decline. We observed groundwater dynamics and the response of Populus fremontii, Salix gooddingii, and Tamarix ramosissima saplings at 3 sites between 1995 and 1997 along the Bill Williams River, Arizona. At a site where the lowest observed groundwater level in 1996 (-1.97 m) was 1.11 m lower than that in 1995 (-0.86 m), 92-100% of Populus and Salix saplings died, whereas 0-13% of Tamarix stems died. A site with greater absolute water table depths in 1996 (-2.55 m), but less change from the 1995 condition (0.55 m), showed less Populus and Salix mortal- ity and increased basal area. Excavations of sapling roots suggest that root distribution is related to groundwater history. Therefore, a decline in water table relative to the condition under which roots developed may strand plant roots where they cannot obtain sufficient moisture. Plant response is likely mediated by other factors such as soil texture and stratig- raphy, availability of precipitation-derived soil moisture, physiological and morphological adaptations to water stress, and tree age. An understanding of the relationships between water table declines and plant response may enable land and water managers to avoid activities that are likely to stress desirable riparian vegetation.