Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NF-κB Links CO2 Sensing to Innate Immunity and Inflammation in Mammalian Cells

Molecular O2 and CO2 are the primary substrate and product of aerobic metabolism, respectively. Levels of these physiologic gases in the cell microenvironment vary dramatically both in health and in diseases, such as chronic inflammation, ischemia, and cancer, in which metabolism is significantly altered. The identification of the hypoxia-inducible factor led to the discovery of an ancient and direct link between tissue O2 and gene transcription. In this study, we demonstrate that mammalian cells (mouse embryonic fibroblasts and others) also sense changes in local CO2 levels, leading to altered gene expression via the NF-κB pathway. IKKα, a central regulatory component of NF-κB, rapidly and reversibly translocates to the nucleus in response to elevated CO2. This response is independent of hypoxia-inducible factor hydroxylases, extracellular and intracellular pH, and pathways that mediate acute CO2-sensing in nematodes and flies and leads to attenuation of bacterial LPS-induced gene expression. These results suggest the existence of a molecular CO2 sensor in mammalian cells that is linked to the regulation of genes involved in innate immunity and inflammation.
Nitrous oxide emissions from sea animal colonies in the maritime Antarctic

Little is known about nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from wild animal colonies. N2O fluxes were measured from a penguin colony on Ardley Island, a seal and skua colony on Fildes Peninsula in the maritime Antarctic using a static chamber technique. Mean fluxes from penguin, skua and seal colonies were 856, 132 and 189 μg N2O‐N m−2 h−1, respectively. The deposition of sea animal excreta controls spatial variations of N2O fluxes from the colonies. The highest fluxes (2559, 2836 and 2081 μg N2O‐N m−2 h−1 for penguin puddles, seal wallows and skua puddles, respectively) occurred during the freezing‐thawing period. Laboratory experiments showed that the freezing‐thawing cycle induced a flush of N2O from the soils sampled from the colonies and denitrification was the predominant process for the N2O source. We proposed that sea animal colonies represent the strong point sources of N2O in the maritime Antarctic.
Quartz–garnet isotope thermometry in the southern Adirondack Highlands (Grenville Province, New York)

Quartz–garnet oxygen isotope thermometry of quartz‐rich metasedimentary rocks from the southern Adirondack Highlands (Grenville Province, New York) yields metamorphic temperatures of 700–800 °C, consistent with granulite facies mineral assemblages. Samples from the Irving Pond quartzite record Δ18O(Qtz–Grt) = 2.68 ± 0.21‰ (1 s.d., n = 15), corresponding to peak metamorphic conditions of 734 ± 38 °C. This agrees well with the estimates from garnet–biotite exchange thermometry. Similar temperature estimates are obtained from Swede Pond (682 ± 47 °C, n = 3) and King's Station (c. 700 °C). The Whitehall area records higher temperatures (798 ± 25 °C, n = 3). All of these temperatures are higher than previous regional temperature estimates. The c. 800 °C temperatures near Whitehall are consistent with preservation of pre‐granulite contact temperatures adjacent to anorthosite. The preservation of peak metamorphic temperatures in garnet of all sizes is consistent with slow oxygen diffusion in garnet, and closure temperatures of at least 730 °C. Peak metamorphic fractionations are preserved in rocks with varying quartz:feldspar ratios, indicating that the modal percentage of feldspar does not affect retrograde oxygen exchange in these rocks. The lack of this correlation suggests slow rates of oxygen diffusion in quartz and feldspar, consistent with the results of anhydrous oxygen diffusion experiments.
Quantification of ionophore antimicrobials associated with poultry litter and their dynamics in soils of the mid-Atlantic USA

Title of Dissertation: QUANTIFICATION OF IONOPHORE ANTIMICROBIALS ASSOCIATED WITH POULTRY LITTER AND THEIR DYNAMICS IN THE SOILS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC USA Saptashati Biswas, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Dissertation directed by: Associate Professor Joshua M. McGrath Department of Environmental Science and Technology Anticoccidants, biochemically known as ionophores are added to poultry feed for growth promotion, prophylactic and therapeutic purposes to better sorb nutrients and against coccidiosis caused by parasite Eimeria sp. Ionophores belong to the class of emerging contaminants, as they are not regularly monitored in the environment and not specifically treated in the effluents. Potentially, this can cause ionophores to enter into the environment freely. There is little information regarding the dynamics of ionophores in the environment. This has been related to the lack of reliable, sensitive and robust methods that can measure their trace levels from complex environmental matrices like soil, natural water and animal manure. Studies show ionophore toxicity exhibited in flora and fauna, even reported in humans above the dose of 1 mg kg . Hence accumulation of ionophores in the environment can be detrimental. Our multiscale investigation of ionophores involved, a) method development for trace analysis of ionophores in poultry manure using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), b) batch equilibrium studies of ionophores using soils from mid-Atlantic region of the USA and c) influence of soil physico-chemical parameters on dynamics of ionophores in soil-water systems. Our HPLC-MS/MS method was successful in quantifying ionophores ranging from 19.19 ± 6.6 μg kg -1 to 97.86 μg kg + 19.19 μg kg with concentrations of monensin being the highest. This method was further used to investigate partitioning of monensin in soil-water systems relevant to the occurrence of ionophores in the natural environment. Sorption and desorption isotherms were developed and influence of soil physico-chemical parameters on the sorption-desorption processes were analyzed. C-type linear isotherms were generated with partition coefficients ranging from 6.41 L Kg + 1.34 to 343.83 L Kg + 5.68 LKg. Soil parameters such as cation exchange capacity, pH, organic matter, sand and silt content were found to correlate with sorption under different conditions. A major focus of this dissertation was to develop novel methodologies and design experiments to execute our research objectives. QUANTIFICATION OF IONOPHORE ANTIMICROBIALS ASSOCIATED WITH POULTRY LITTER AND THEIR DYNAMICS IN SOILS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC USA
Origin and Evolution of Prebiotic Organic Matter As Inferred from the Tagish Lake Meteorite

The study of organic matter in a well-preserved meteorite provides insight into processes that affected its parent asteroids. The complex suite of organic materials in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites probably originally formed in the interstellar medium and/or the solar protoplanetary disk, but was subsequently modified in the meteorites’ asteroidal parent bodies. The mechanisms of formation and modification are still very poorly understood. We carried out a systematic study of variations in the mineralogy, petrology, and soluble and insoluble organic matter in distinct fragments of the Tagish Lake meteorite. The variations correlate with indicators of parent body aqueous alteration. At least some molecules of prebiotic importance formed during the alteration.
Rate of Work Done by Atmospheric Pressure on the Ocean General Circulation and Tides

Abstract Quantitative analysis of the energetics of the ocean is crucial for understanding its circulation and mixing. The power input by fluctuations in atmospheric pressure pa resulting from the S1 and S2 air tides and the stochastic continuum is analyzed here, with a focus on globally integrated, time-mean values. Results are based on available 1° × 1° near-global pa and sea level fields and are intended as mainly order-of-magnitude estimates. The rate of work done on the radiational and gravitational components of the S2 ocean tide is estimated at 14 and −60 GW, respectively, mostly occurring at low latitudes. The net extraction of energy at a rate of −46 GW is about 10% of available estimates of the work rates by gravity on the S2 tide. For the mainly radiational S1 tide, the power input by pa is much weaker (0.25 GW). Based on daily mean quantities, the stochastic pa continuum contributes ∼3 GW to the nontidal circulation, with substantial power input being associated with the pa-driven dynamic resp.
A Constant Market Share Analysis of Spanish Goods Exports

The constant market share analysis framework is used to decompose changes in Spain’s share of the global market for goods exports into competitiveness and structural effects (i.e. the impact of specialisation, either in product or geographical terms) over 1996-2013. As other high-income countries, Spain has experienced competitive pressures from China and other emerging economies that have resulted in a loss of global market share. Nevertheless, the loss has been smaller than in other European advanced economies, thanks to better competitiveness. By contrast, the structure of geographic markets to which Spain exports, with a large-weight on relatively slow-growing areas and a small weight on fast-growing emerging countries, has exerted a negative impact on Spanish exports. In the same vein, the product structure, focused on relatively slow growing product lines, has not been conducive to better export performance either. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Spain (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-spain.htm). Une analyse des parts de marche constantes des exportations de biens espagnols Une analyse en parts de marche constantes est utilise pour decomposer l'evolution de la part de l'Espagne du marche mondial de exportations de marchandises en deux facteur, la competitivite et les effets structurels ( l'impact de specialisation , soit en produit ou termes geographiques ), sur 1996-2013 . Comme d'autres pays a revenu eleve, l'Espagne a connu des pressions concurrentielles en provenance de Chine et d'autres economies emergentes qui ont abouti a une perte de part de marche mondiale. Neanmoins, la perte a ete plus faible que dans les autres economies avancees europeennes, grâce a une meilleure competitivite. En revanche, la structure des marches geographiques auxquels Espagne exporte, avec un grand poids sur les zones a croissance relativement lente et un petit poids sur les pays emergents a croissance rapide, a exerce un impact negatif sur les exportations espagnoles. Dans la meme veine, la structure du produit, axee sur des gammes de produits de lente croissance, n'a pas ete propice a une meilleure performance a l'exportation. Ce Document de travail se rapporte a l’Etude economique de l’OCDE de l’Espagne, 2014 (http://www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-espagne.htm).
Eastcoast 2001, A Tidal Constituent Database for Western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea

Abstract : This report describes the development of the Eastcoast 2001 database of computed tidal elevation and velocity constituents within the Western North Atlantic Tidal (WNAT) domain. The WNAT domain encompasses the Western North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea. The computations are based on a strategically designed finite element grid and the coastal hydrodynamic circulation model, ADCIRC. The resulting Eastcoast 2001 database defines the computed elevation and velocity amplitude and phase for the O1, K1, Q1, M2, S2, N2, and K2 tidal constituents. The Eastcoast 2001 database is significantly more accurate than the previous Eastcoast 1995 and Eastcoast 1991 databases based on the following feature improvements: (a) a new grid generation technique with better node placement and distribution, (b) a significantly greater number of total nodes, (c) a more accurate coastal boundary, and (d) inclusion of more reliable bathymetric databases. The new grid generation technique is the combination of two a priori mesh criteria: (a) The wavelength to grid size ratio and (b) the topographic length scale criteria. This combination optimally and more accurately places grid nodes in areas where high resolution is needed. Error analysis of computed versus measured elevation amplitude and phase at 101 stations in addition to an assessment of measured data errors globally and locally quantifies The level of reliability of the computed constituents.
Degradation of talus‐derived rock glaciers in the Upper Engadin, Swiss Alps

Active and inactive rock glaciers differ from relict rock glaciers in the presence of subsurface permafrost, as indicated by high seismic velocity, high DC resistivity and low bottom temperature of the winter snow cover. The lack of vegetation on the frontal slope and negative mean annual surface temperatures (MAST) distinguish active rock glaciers from inactive rock glaciers. Increasing MAST induces melting of ice‐rich permafrost, which is followed by the subsidence of rock glaciers. As a result, convex‐up transverse profiles are replaced by flat or depressed profiles. Permafrost degradation inactivates rock glaciers by decreasing shear stress, within or at the base of the deforming ice/rock mixture, causing stabilization and declination of the frontal slope. Relict rock glaciers are usually associated with soil development over the surficial clasts, which is responsible for further declination of the frontal slope and a more rounded topography. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity of the Southern Ocean overturning circulation to surface buoyancy forcing

The sensitivity of the Southern Ocean overturning to altered surface buoyancy forcing is investigated in a series of eddy‐permitting, idealised simulations. The modelled response indicates that heat and freshwater fluxes in the Southern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes may play a significant role in setting the strength of the overturning circulation. Enhanced buoyancy fluxes act to increase the meridional overturning up to a limit approaching the wind‐driven Ekman transport. The sensitivity of the overturning to surface buoyancy forcing is strongly dependent on the relative locations of the wind stress profile, buoyancy forcing and upwelling region. The numerical simulations provide support for the hypothesis that changes in upwelling during deglaciations may have been driven by changes in heat and freshwater fluxes, instead of, or in addition to, changes in wind stress.
Probabilistic seismic hazard estimation of Manipur, India

This paper deals with the estimation of spectral acceleration for Manipur based on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). The 500 km region surrounding Manipur is divided into seven tectonic zones and major faults located in these zones are used to estimate seismic hazard. The earthquake recurrence relations for the seven zones have been estimated from past seismicity data. Ground motion prediction equations proposed by Boore and Atkinson (2008 Earthq. Spectra 24 99–138) for shallow active regions and Atkinson and Boore (2003 Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 93 1703–29) for the Indo-Burma subduction zone are used for estimating ground motion. The uniform hazard response spectra for all the nine constituent districts of Manipur (Senapati, Tamenglong, Churachandpur, Chandel, Imphal east, Imphal west, Ukhrul, Thoubal and Bishnupur) at 100-, 500- and 2500-year return periods have been computed from PSHA. A contour map of peak ground acceleration over Manipur is also presented for 100-, 500-, and 2500-year return periods with variations of 0.075–0.225, 0.18–0.63 and 0.3–0.1. 15 g, respectively, throughout the state. These results may be of use to planners and engineers for site selection, designing earthquake resistant structures and, further, may help the state administration in seismic hazard mitigation.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Pengungkapan Sustainability Report Pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan Bursa Efek Malaysia Periode 2013-2017

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh profitabilitas, solvabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap pengungkapan sustainability report pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI dan Bursa Efek Malaysia periode 2013-2017. Penarikan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan purposive sampling. Jumlah observasi yang menjadi perhatian dalam penelitian ini adalah 180 observasi. Data dianalisis dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil pengujian empiris menunjukkan pengungkapan sustainability report dipengaruhi secara simultan oleh profitabilitas, solvabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan. Secara parsial, profitabilitas tidak mempengaruhi pengungkapan sustainability report. Solvabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap pengungkapan sustainability report. Ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan sustainability report. Kata Kunci: profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, pengungkapan sustainability report.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FOULED BALLAST LAYER IN THE SUBSTRUCTURE OF A 19TH CENTURY RAILWAY TRACK UNDER RENEWAL

The purpose of these field and lab studies undertaken during rehabilitation work being done on an ancient railway line was to characterize a layer of ballast fouled with soil found in the track substructure. The field studies included the characterization of the thickness, grain size distribution and void ratio of the fouled ballast layer, as well as a large number of plate load tests, both on the fouled ballast layer and on the subgrade. The resilient behaviour of the fouled ballast was evaluated in the lab by cyclic triaxial tests on large size reconstituted specimens with distinct fouling indexes (different grain size distribution) and distinct humidity states (dry or wet). The results obtained were used as support for the decision to maintain the fouled ballast layer under the new sub-ballast in a number of stretches of the renewed line.
Use of ancient wave-ravinement surfaces to determine palaeogeography and vertical crustal movements around New Zealand

Wave-ravinement (shallow marine erosion) surfaces are formed during landwards migration of the shoreline due to rising relative sea level. They can be preserved if subsequently buried by sediment, and are easily identifiable on seismic reflection data. We present two examples from New Zealand's north-western offshore frontier region where these surfaces, despite a diachronous nature, represent sequence stratigraphic and geomorphic markers that are used to constrain regional palaeogeography and tectonic history. Thermal subsidence that followed the break-up of Gondwana led to the landwards migration of shorelines across the then-emergent Challenger Plateau and formation of a prominent Late Cretaceous–Eocene wave-ravinement surface. In the Reinga Basin, subsidence of uplifted land areas that had previously emerged during Cenozoic initiation of Tonga–Kermadec subduction was similarly accompanied by formation of transgressive wave-ravinement surfaces. Wave-ravinement surfaces serve as useful proxies for palaeo-sea level and, as the above two examples show, they are powerful tools for characterising regional deformation, uplift and subsidence histories and tectonic influence on relative base level fluctuations (changes in shoreline position). The study of these and other remarkable palaeo-sea-level markers around New Zealand and in the circum-Pacific region provides a different perspective on constraining vertical crustal movements associated with major tectonic events.
Reasons Behind Words: OPEC Narratives and the Oil Market

We analyze the content of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC) communications and whether it provides information to the crude oil market. To this end, we derive an empirical strategy which allows us to measure OPEC’s public signal and test whether market participants find it credible. Using Structural Topic Models, we analyze OPEC narratives and identify several topics related to fundamental factors, such as demand, supply, and speculative activity in the crude oil market. Importantly, we find that OPEC communication reduces oil price volatility and prompts market participants to rebalance their positions. Our analysis indicates that market participants assess OPEC communications as providing an important signal to the crude oil market.
The Price Setting Behaviour of Spanish Firms: Evidence from Survey Data

This paper reports the results of a survey carried out by the Banco de Espana on a sample of around 2000 Spanish firms to deepen the understanding of firms' price setting behaviour. The main findings may be summarised as follows. Most Spanish firms are price setters that use predominantly state-dependent rules or a combination of time- and statedependent rules when reviewing their prices. Changes in costs are the main factor underlying price increases, whereas changes in market conditions (demand and competitors' prices) are the main driving forces of price decreases. The degree of price flexibility is directly related to the share of energy inputs over total costs and to the intensity of competition, whereas it is inversely linked to the labour share. The three theories of price stickiness that receive the highest empirical support are implicit contracts, coordination failure and explicit contracts.
MODELING MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR AND ROAD CROSSING IN THE BLACK BEAR OF SOUTH CENTRAL FLORIDA

OF THESIS MODELING MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR AND ROAD CROSSING IN THE BLACK BEAR OF SOUTH CENTRAL FLORIDA We evaluated the influence of a landscape dominated by agriculture and an extensive road network on fine-scale movements of black bears (Ursus americanus) in south-central Florida. The objectives of this study were to (1) define landscape functionality including corridor use by the directionality and speed of bear movements, (2) to develop a model reflecting selected habitat characteristics during movements, (3) to identify habitat characteristics selected by bears at road-crossing locations, and (3) to develop and evaluate a predictive model for road-crossing locations based on habitat characteristics. We assessed models using GPS data from 20 adult black bears (9 F, 11 M), including 382 unique road-crossing events by 16 individuals. Directionality of bear movements were influenced by the density of cover and proximity to human infrastructure, and movement speed was influenced by density of cover and proximity to paved roads. We used the Brownian bridge movement model to assess road-crossing behavior. Landscape-level factors like density of cover and density of roads appeared more influential than roadside factors, vegetative or otherwise. Model validation procedures suggested strong predictive ability for the selected road-crossing model. These findings will allow managers to prioritize and implement sound strategies to promote connectivity and reduce road collisions.