Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Virtual No-Step Zone on Balance Control in Walking

Humans need to actively control their upright posture during walking to avoid loss of balance. We do not have a comprehensive theory for how humans regulate balance during walking, especially in complex environments. Balance must be maintained in a variety of contexts including crowded city side-walks, rocky nature trails, walks on the beach, or fast-paced sporting events. The nervous system must process many aspects of the environment to produce an appropriate motor output in order to maintain balance on two legs. We have previously identified three balance mechanisms that young healthy adults use to maintain balance while walking: 1) The ankle roll mechanism, a modulation of ankle inversion/eversion; 2) The foot placement mechanism, a shift of the swing foot placement; and 3) The push-off mechanism, a modulation of the ankle plantarflexion angle during double stance. We know that these mechanisms are interdependent and can be influenced by internal factors such as the phase of the gait cycle and walking cadence. Here we seek to determine whether there are changes in neural control of balance when walking in the presence of environmental constraints. Subjects walked on a selfpaced treadmill while immersed in a virtual environment that provides three different colored pathways. Subjects were instructed not to step in the No-Step Zone, which appeared either on the right or left side of the subject. While walking, subjects received balance perturbations in the form of galvanic vestibular stimulation, providing the sensation of falling sideways, either toward the No-Step zone or toward the Neutral zone on the other side. The results indicate that the use of the balance mechanisms are subtly altered depending on whether the perceived fall is toward the No-Step or the Neutral zone. This experiment provides further evidence that the balance control system during walking is extremely flexible, recruiting multiple mechanisms at different times in the gait cycle to adapt to environmental constraints.
Life history and length base spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) of malabar snapper Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in western of South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Lutjanus malabaricus is an economically important fish species having high market demand especially in Indonesia and the Asian region. Due to over exploitation this species is collapsing. Accordingly, it is important to understand their status. This study was aimed to assess its status according to their life history parameters in Western of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. We recorded length and maturity stage of L. malabaricus from Sumpang Binange (Barru) landing base which landed by bottom-longliners. The data were collected from 2018 to 2019 in as daily sampling. The spawning potential ratio (SPR) was analyzed using LBSPR method and considering the uncertainties. We found that the growth coefficient (K), length asymptotic (L∞) and natural mortality (M) were 0.245 year−1, 73.98 cm of total length and 0.323 respectively. Length at maturity in 50% level (L50) was 41.35 cm and 95% level (L95) was 53.2 cm. Based on these parameters and determining uncertainties resulted the stochastic SPR is mostly met to the threshold of reference point at level 30%. It means that stock status of L.malabaricus is at the optimum level.
A Clinical Study on the Effect of Red Ginseng for Postmenopausal Hot Flushes

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical effect of Red Ginseng in the treatment of postmenopausal hot flushes. Methods: We studied 49 women from 45 to 55 years old who complained hot flushes. We randomly divided women into two groups, We treated one group with red ginseng capsule, and treated another group with placebo for 2 months. patients recorded the frequency of the hot flush on an everyday basis. And we measured temperature of patient's face by DITI. Results: Red ginseng and Placebo treated group significantly decreased the frequency of the hot flush. After treatment, the temperature on the cheekbones who treated by red ginseng get lower than before treatment. But there is no statistically difference between red ginseng and placebo. Conclusion: This study shows that both red ginseng and placebo have remarkable effects on patients, but red ginseng is not better than placebo.
Nutritional status of scheduled caste adolescents from deprived section of society

Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth and intense activity. Adolescence form an important period of physiological growth whose nutritional needs demand special attention. Nutritional needs of adolescent boys and girls are great that they need to eat a lot at this age. However economic constraints restrict the intake of food by the adolescents. Nutrition affects activity, growth, health, learning capacity, work performance and overall quality of life.
Do people choose what makes them happy and how do they decide at all? A theoretical inquiry

We develop a theoretical model that jointly explains optimal choices and happiness. We work with constant elasticity of substitution functions for utility and happiness. Employing a choice framework, individuals are confronted with two options. When there exists a trade-oi¬€, we determine parametric conditions for which individual happiness and utility coincide as well as oppose each other. Comparing the empirical evidence of Benjamin et al. (2012), our model can explain three out of four possible happiness-utility combinations. Regarding how individuals actually decide, our findings suggest that this is partly random. This explanation accounts for the remaining 11.2 % of individuals.
Promotion of physical activity of adolescents by skill-based health education

Purpose Insufficient physical activity leads to an increase in chronic diseases. Skills-based health education methods are supposed to be more successful than traditional methods to promote healthy behaviors. Skills-based health education is an approach to create healthy lifestyles and skills using participatory methods. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of skill-based education method on physical activities of female adolescents. Design/methodology/approach This was an experimental study on 80 female public high school students aged 12-14 years old in Tehran. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group of 40 girls who were educated using “Skills-based education method,” and control group of 40 girls who were educated by lecture as a routine educational method for health promotion. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess physical activity-related knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Data were gathered three times; before, immediately after (Phase 1) and two months after educational intervention (Phase 2). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20. Findings Intra-group comparison demonstrated that both educational methods can increase knowledge, attitude and behavior of the students after intervention comparing to before intervention (RMANOVA; p<0.05). However, the comparison between groups demonstrated a significant higher increase of knowledge (t-test; p<0.01 and p<0.0; phase 1 and 2, respectively), and behavior (t-test; p<0.01 and p=0.002; phase 1 and 2, respectively) but not attitude (p=0.083 and p=0.125, phase 1 and 2, respectively) among the students participated in the experimental “skilled based health education” group rather than the control “lecture” group. Originality/value Skill-based health education comparing to routine lecture-based education creates deep and long lasting knowledge and behavior and is highly recommended for promoting physical activity and other health-related knowledge and among adolescents.
Assessing the Level of Community Involvement in Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction and Current Green Design Practices towards Net-Zero Energy Buildings

The post-disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) is a process discrete from the construction of housing when circumstances are undisturbed because sensitive measures are put in place following disasters occurrence. Most of the time, the successfulness of emergency relief efforts are usually recorded but the same cannot be said of PDHR projects because they often fail to meet sustainability factors. These days, the topic of sustainable building has become a leading concern in the academic, construction industries, and governmental agencies. Sustainability in the building sector has shifted emphasis towards a new concept called net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs). Data collection was done through a self-administration of structured questionnaires to 257 flood victims involved in the reconstruction projects. Findings indicated that community involvement in resource mobilisation and reconstruction process was insignificant due to misplacement of reconstruction priorities. This is capable of determining the failure of the project as beneficiaries’ requirements were not considered, and the construction industry is still unaware of NZEBs. This study is vital as stakeholders beginning with flood victims will have a more resilient housing, the government will be updated with robust strategies to solving resourcing and reconstruction issues, and donors will have value for their money.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Daurian jackdaw (Corvus dauuricus)

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Daurian jackdaw (Corvus dauuricus, Pallas, 1776) was sequenced and deposited to GeneBank for the first time using muscle tissue. This mitochondrial genome is a circular molecule of 16921 bp in length and sequence analysis showed it contains 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and D_loop. The phylogenetic analysis basis of 12 protein-coding genes except for ND6 gene of 13 species shows that most of the genus of Corvus were grouped into two clades, and C. dauuricus was basal to all other Corvus.
Vowel-zero alternations in Government Phonology and Strict CV Theory

In the field of formal approaches to the syllable, the Strict CV theory (Lowenstamm 1996; Segeral and Scheer 2001, 2008; Scheer 2004, among others) has introduced a radical change of view compared to autosegmental models. The core of the proposal is the fundamental assumption that the sequence CV is not just the fundamental syllable type, but rather the only syllable type in all the world’s languages. Inevitably, this assumption has profound consequences on the principles of phonological analysis. As a result, although strict CV is an outgrowth of Government Phonology (GP) and the two models share common epistemological goals and some central principles, they differ from each other in crucial aspects. Although the proponents of Strict CV have taken into account a considerable amount of phonological phenomena of different languages, such radical change in the approach to the syllable and to phonological structure in general is obviously debatable (cf. van Oostendorp 2013). This paper is concerned specifically with the different approaches of classical Government Phonology (cf. Kaye, Lowenstamm and Vergnaud 1990; Kaye 1990; Charette 1990; Harris 1994, among others) and Strict CV to vowel-zero (V/O) alternations. By taking into account here syncope/epenthesis alternations in Italian dialects of Emilia-Romagna, we will highlight that a crucial insight of GP concerning the nature of empty nuclei is lost in the deeply revised model of Strict CV, and we will argue in favour of a more restrictive theory of empty categories. Sections 2 and 3 of the paper contain a presentation of some essential aspects of syllable theory in classical GP and Strict CV, respectively. In section 4, the issue of consonant clusters resulting from syncope in dialects of Emilia-Romagna will be briefly presented. Section 5 is devoted to a discussion of some theoretical implications concerning the notion empty nucleus. Section 6 contains some concluding remarks.
Hospice social work and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

This study was undertaken to explore how hospice social workers based at United States hospice agencies perceive changes in their work responsibilities in relation to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). Secondly, this study sought to explore hospice social worker support of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act healthcare policy reform. A nonprobability sample of availability was used to find research participants. The researcher recruited participants through online social and professional networking groups and forums and by snowball sampling methods. Self-selected participants electronically confirmed their eligibility for participation in the study, prior to completing the 20-question online survey. Fourteen hospice social workers, representing 11 separate states, participated. The findings of the research showed study participants did not identify any substantial changes in their work-related duties after the PPACA took effect. Within the five categories examined—clinical and counseling, case management, management and administration, advocacy, and spiritual and cultural competence—which vary widely in the amount of perceived change, participants reported experiencing the most increase and overall change in case management duties. The study also found that, overall, hospice social workers who responded to the survey supported the PPACA. Many hospice social workers commented on the ethical dilemma of delivering inadequate services within a health care model that does not meet the needs of all end-of-life care recipients and those in need of end-of-life care. HOSPICE SOCIAL WORK AND THE PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT A project based upon an independent investigation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work.
Perception of Thai English

As the field of World Englishes (WE) moves forward, there is a variety of English emerging in Thailand, Thai English. Many publications relating to Thai English have been based on analyses of translated literary publications. Only one study cited in this paper did interviews with Thai professional writers regarding the notion of Thai English. In this paper, the research attempts to generate awareness of WE scholars by reporting some data received from a survey particularly of Thai language users on their perceptions of Thai English. The results show that Thai people perceive that English is the language for social mobility, for gaining access to information, and for communicating with others in the English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). This paper reports on the issue of importance of English in Thailand, awareness of Thai English, and characteristics of Thai English from Thai language users’ point of view, which had not been reported elsewhere.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Engraftment in Bone Following In Utero Transplantation in a Patient with Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ability of allogeneic fetal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to engraft and differentiate after in utero transplantation. A female fetus with multiple intrauterine fractures, diagnosed as severe osteogenesis imperfecta, was transplanted with HLA-mismatched male fetal MSCs in the 32nd week of gestation. At nine months of age, whole Y genome FISH staining of a bone marrow biopsy showed a median of 7.4% Y-positive cells (range 6.8–16.6%). In slides stained for osteocalcin or osteopontin, a centromeric XY-specific probe revealed 0.3% of XY-positive cells. Bone histology showed regularly arranged and configured bone trabeculae. Patient lymphocyte proliferation against donor MSCs was not observed in in vitro co-culture experiments performed after MSC injection. Complementary bisphosphonate treatment was begun at four months. During the first two years of life three fractures were noted. At two years of corrected age, psychomotor development was normal, and growth followed the same channel, −5SD. Our findings show that allogeneic fetal mesenchymal stem cells can engraft and differentiate into bone in a human fetus even when the recipient is immunocompetent and HLA-incompatible.
Constructing Measurement Models of L2 Linguistic Complexity: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Over the last four decades, the constructs of complexity, accuracy, and fluency have been in focus in the analysis of language learners’ performance. However, due to the polysemous nature of complexity, more and more sub-constructs have been assumed, making holistic measurement difficult. This study aims to construct a more appropriate measurement model of L2 complexity by implementing finer-grained and relatively novel linguistic indices for capturing subordinate constructs that could not be measured by conventional indices. By utilizing five natural language processing tools, conventional and fine-grained indices of complexity were computed from 503 argumentative essays written by Japanese English learners. First, exploratory factor analysis was performed on linguistic index values and the extracted factor structures behind them. Second, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm whether the structure fits the data. Finally, a structural equation model of complexity constructs to predict essay scores was tested to evaluate its applicability to writing evaluation. The result of a series of factor analyses showed that the extracted factor structures reasonably fitted to the data for syntactic complexity (CFI = .901 and RMSEA = .071) and for lexical complexity (CFI = .978 and RMSEA = .051). Furthermore, the result of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, which was proposed as a predictive model, accounted for 32.3 % of the variance of essay scores (CFI = .916 and RMSEA = .077). Overall, the findings showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which combined conventional linguistic features with fine-grained and relatively novel indices.
Continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composites: Enhancing the weld uniformity by changing the energy director

Continuous ultrasonic welding is a high-speed joining method for thermoplastic composites. Currently, a thin film energy director is used to focus the heat generation at the interface. However, areas of intact energy director remain in the welded seam, which significantly lowers the weld strength, and result in a non-uniformly welded seam. To improve the weld uniformity of continuous ultrasonically welded joints, we changed to a more compliant energy director. A woven polymer mesh energy director was found to give a significant improvement in weld quality. The mesh was flattened in between the composite adherends during the welding process. This flattening promoted a good contact between the energy director and the adherends, fully wetting the adherend surfaces, resulting in a more uniformly welded seam without areas of intact energy director.
Assessment of terminal drought tolerance among elite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes using selected agronomic and physiological traits

ABSTRACT The selection response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water-limited condition can be enhanced through breeding novel genotypes possessing drought-adaptive and yield-related agronomic and physiological traits. The objective of this study was to evaluate terminal drought tolerance among bread wheat genotypes and select superior parents for breeding. Agronomic and physiological responses of 28 wheat lines were assessed under well-watered (WW) and terminal drought (TD) treatments using a 7 × 4 alpha-lattice design under rainout shelter (RS) and glasshouse (GH) environments. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) genotype × environment interaction effects were observed for number of days to heading (DTH), number of days to maturity (DTM), number of productive tillers per plant (TN), grain yield (GY), thousand kernel weight (TKW), stomatal conductance (SC), leaf canopy temperature (LCT) and chlorophyll content index (CCI) suggesting varied genotypic response under WW and TD treatments. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations TN and GY (r = 0.67; p ≤ 0.001), TKW and GY (r = 0.72; p ≤ 0.001), CCI and GY (r = 0.39; p ≤ 0.05) under TD treatment. Drought tolerant wheat genotypes such as LM100, LM72, LM22 and LM95 are useful for direct cultivation and for developing breeding populations with enhanced yield performance.
The Scale and Financial Performance of State-Owned Enterprises in the CEE Region

The paper aims to analyse state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in 11 post-socialist Central-Eastern European (CEE) countries. Based on the individual data of large non-financial companies, we estimated the real state share in the years 2014 and 2015. We consider both direct and indirect state ownership and apply an explicit classification of companies as majority and minority state-owned, which is neglected in a lot of research. The countries with the highest values of the ‘Country SOE index’ were Slovenia and Latvia, while the lowest were Lithuania and Hungary. State ownership is dominant in transportation and storage and energy supply. The lower return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and return on capital employed (ROCE) ratios of SOEs imply that capital in this group of companies is used less efficiently. Furthermore, they are characterised by higher wage costs. At the same time, SOEs have higher earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) margins and better ability to turn operating revenue into cash than their privately-owned counterparts.
Migration and Remittances in the Former Soviet Union Countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus: What are the Long-Term Macroeconomic Consequences?

Armenia, Georgia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan have all experienced substantial out-migration of workers and an associated inflow of workers'remittances over the past two decades. These four countries have much higher human capital, as measured by the Human Capital Index, than is typical for countries with similar levels of per capita income, and this may enable migrant workers to exploit opportunities to work in economies where labor productivity is higher. The inflow of workers'remittances has had effects analogous to those of Dutch disease in the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan, which have experienced a large rise in expenditure to output and the share of services in gross domestic product, appreciation of the Balassa-Samuelson adjusted real exchange rates, and poor trade performance. In Armenia and Georgia, where remittances are a smaller share of gross domestic product, the effects were much more muted and their trade performance was much better.
What do we know about novice school principals? A systematic review of existing international literature

For much of the past half-century, scholars from various parts of the world have studied the early stages of school principals’ careers. This article presents the results of a review of research on novice principals (NPs) regarding its current status, intellectual structure and conceptual structure. The review conducted bibliometric and content analysis of relevant articles accessed through Scopus. The findings primarily concerned patterns in the knowledge production related to novice school principals. Our findings indicate that this line of research is still in its infancy, but has been growing rapidly in recent years. Related studies have mostly focused on three broad areas: preparation and development of NPs; NPs’ socialization process and the challenges they face; and NPs’ role in school improvement. Most of the related studies are found to be lacking in terms of a solid theoretical grounding. The implications of the results for the related literature are discussed.