Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MetNet: A Novel Low-Complexity Neural Network-Aided Detection for Faster-Than-Nyquist (FTN) Signaling in ISI Channels

This paper studies the application of neural networks to Viterbi detection of FTN signals in an intersymbol interference (ISI) channel. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a receiver structure for detecting FTN signals in unknown static ISI channel. In particular, we propose a novel low-complexity neural network structure for calculating the branch metrics, and we explore its suitability for FTN signalling with channel uncertainty. We compare the proposed network, which we call the Metric Net (MetNet), to a benchmark neural network-based technique for metric calculation, the ViterbiNet, which was originally designed for ISI channels. The simulation results confirm that the MetNet outperforms the ViterbiNet, with two orders of magnitude lower complexity, and is much more resilient to channel uncertainty than the traditional Viterbi detector, which uses Euclidean distance for metric calculations. We further show that the MetNet exhibits robustness to being trained at mismatched SNR values and FTN pulse acceleration factors, meaning that the number of trained models required can be significantly reduced. Additionally, the results show that the proposed MetNet remains a favorable alternative at much higher levels of channel uncertainties. The results also reflect that we can generalize the MetNet to work with different channel models defined by different decaying factors. Finally, we show that we succeed in achieving a bandwidth efficiency gain of 33% due to FTN by using the MetNet in the presence of channel uncertainty.
Pre-service EFL teachers’ language awareness and ideologies about stance: A phenomenographic study

Stance is a key and problematic domain for effective English for Academic Purposes (EAP) reading and writing. Insufficient awareness of stance, cultural attitudes about it, and poor teaching have been identified as underlying sources of stance-related difficulties. Focusing on stance may thus be a pivotal reading-to-write lens to improve English academic literacy. However, few studies have investigated pre-service teachers’ language awareness and ideologies about different stance markers. The goal of this paper is to describe the stance-focused conceptions and ideologies of a group of sixteen Mexican undergraduate pre-service teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) who are also EFL learners. We used phenomenographic interviews and analysis to achieve this goal. We found three types of conceptions: stylistic, critical, and metaideological. The less sophisticated stylistic conceptions are most prevalent. Only two participants showed metaideological conceptions. Two language ideologies were found: an ideology of linguistic objectivity that dismisses all stance markers and another that values affect markers but dismisses first-person ones. These results imply that pre-service teachers should be made aware of the argumentative and epistemic functions of stance markers and diverse language ideologies about them that circulate across national and disciplinary contexts. In this way, they may deploy stance more effectively in their own literacy practices and become more effective EAP teachers.
Recovery of phlogopite (mica) by hindered settling from molybdenum tailings in an ascending current separator based on particle shape differences

Abstract A novel gravity concentration approach for recovering phlogopite from molybdenum tailings in an ascending current separator (ACS) was proposed. The settlement behavior of coarse-grained minerals with different particle shapes was investigated. The results indicated that the particle shape difference between coarse-grained minerals brought about the gravity concentration of phlogopite. Phlogopite had a lower shape correction factor due to its flaky shape. Under the condition of the same particle size and solid volume concentration of the fluidized bed, the free and hindered settling terminal velocities of phlogopite were much lower than those of albite and calcite. The equal settling factors of phlogopite to albite and phlogopite to calcite in the hindered settlement process were 2.40–4.06 and 3.27–5.81, respectively, with solid volume concentrations ranging from ∼0.055 to 0.175. The operating parameters of the ACS during the phlogopite recovering process were optimized by response surface methodology with a three-level Box-Behnken design. Under optimum conditions, the K2O grade and K2O recovery of concentrate are 8.77% (phlogopite content is 92.41%) and 75.17%, respectively.
Functional mapping of sensorimotor activation in the human thalamus at 9.4 Tesla

Although the thalamus is perceived as a passive relay station for almost all sensory signals, the function of individual thalamic nuclei remains unresolved. In the present study, we aimed to identify the sensorimotor nuclei of the thalamus in humans using task-based fMRI at a field strength of 9.4T by assessing the individual subject-specific sensorimotor BOLD response during a combined active motor (finger-tapping) and passive sensory (tactile-finger) stimulation. We demonstrate that both tasks increase BOLD signal response in the lateral nuclei group (VPL, VA, VLa, and VLp), and in the pulvinar nuclei group (PuA, PuM, and PuL). Finger-tapping stimuli evokes a stronger BOLD response compared to the tactile stimuli, and additionally engages the intralaminar nuclei group (CM and Pf). In addition, our results demonstrate reproducible thalamic nuclei activation during motor and tactile stimuli. This work provides important insight into understanding the function of individual thalamic nuclei in processing various input signals and corroborates the benefits of using ultra-high-field MR scanners for functional imaging of fine-scale deeply located brain structures.
BP‑1‑102 exerts antitumor effects on T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by suppressing the JAK2/STAT3/c‑Myc signaling pathway

Drug resistance and relapse of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remain significant concerns for physicians; hence, the development and screening of effective targeted drugs remain important. Considering that STAT3 is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for T-ALL, T-ALL cell lines (MOLT-4 and CUTLL1) were treated with BP-1-102, a small-molecule inhibitor that blocks STAT3 phosphorylation. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and colony formation assay results showed that BP-1-102 inhibited T-ALL cell proliferation and colony formation. Flow cytometry and morphological results demonstrated that BP-1-102 dramatically induced apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in T-ALL cell lines. Western blotting results indicated that BP-1-102 suppressed the JAK2/STAT3/c-Myc pathway activity in T-ALL cell lines. In conclusion, BP-1-102 suppressed the JAK2/STAT3/c-Myc signaling pathway in T-ALL cells and exerted various antitumor effects, representing a promising targeted antitumor inhibitor.
Low Latitude Plasma Blobs: A Review

In recent years, there has been renewed activity in the study of local plasma density enhancements in the low latitude F region ionosphere (low latitude plasma blobs). Satellite, all-sky airglow imager, and radar measurements have identified the characteristics of these blobs, and their coupling to Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs). New information related to blobs has also been obtained from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. In this paper, we briefly review experimental, theoretical and modeling studies related to low latitude plasma blobs.
Fourier analysis of irregularly spaced data on Rd

Summary. The purpose of the paper is to propose a frequency domain approach for irregularly spaced data on Rd. We extend the original definition of a periodogram for time series to that for irregularly spaced data and define non‐parametric and parametric spectral density estimators in a way that is similar to the classical approach. Introduction of the mixed asymptotics, which are one of the asymptotics for irregularly spaced data, makes it possible to provide asymptotic theories to the spectral estimators. The asymptotic result for the parametric estimator is regarded as a natural extension of the classical result for regularly spaced data to that for irregularly spaced data. Empirical studies are also included to illustrate the frequency domain approach in comparisons with the existing spatial and frequency domain approaches.
A framework for prediction of personalized pediatric nuclear medical dosimetry based on machine learning and Monte Carlo techniques

Objective: A methodology is introduced for the development of an internal dosimetry prediction toolkit for nuclear medical pediatric applications. The proposed study exploits Artificial Intelligence techniques using Monte Carlo simulations as ground truth for accurate prediction of absorbed doses per organ prior to the imaging acquisition considering only personalized anatomical characteristics of any new pediatric patient. Approach: GATE Monte Carlo simulations were performed using a population of computational pediatric models to calculate the specific absorbed dose rates (SADRs) in several organs. A simulated dosimetry database was developed for 28 pediatric phantoms (age range 2–17 years old, both genders) and 5 different radiopharmaceuticals. Machine Learning regression models were trained on the produced simulated dataset, with leave one out cross validation for the prediction model evaluation. Hyperparameter optimization and ensemble learning techniques for a variation of input features were applied for achieving the best predictive power, leading to the development of a SADR prediction toolkit for any new pediatric patient for the studied organs and radiopharmaceuticals. Main results. SADR values for 30 organs of interest were calculated via Monte Carlo simulations for 28 pediatric phantoms for the cases of five radiopharmaceuticals. The relative percentage uncertainty in the extracted dose values per organ was lower than 2.7%. An internal dosimetry prediction toolkit which can accurately predict SADRs in 30 organs for five different radiopharmaceuticals, with mean absolute percentage error on the level of 8% was developed, with specific focus on pediatric patients, by using Machine Learning regression algorithms, Single or Multiple organ training and Artificial Intelligence ensemble techniques. Significance: A large simulated dosimetry database was developed and utilized for the training of Machine Learning models. The developed predictive models provide very fast results (<2 s) with an accuracy >90% with respect to the ground truth of Monte Carlo, considering personalized anatomical characteristics and the biodistribution of each radiopharmaceutical. The proposed method is applicable to other medical dosimetry applications in different patients’ populations.
Microbial and solute transport through intact vadose zone cores of heterogeneous alluvial gravel under variably saturated conditions

The movement of bacterial and viral pathogens through soil and vadose zone and subsequently into groundwater is a major public health concern. There are relatively few studies on the transport and fate of microbes through variably saturated vadose zone media compared with their transport in the soil and saturated groundwater zones. In this study, we investigated the transport of Escherichia coli, F‐RNA bacteriophage MS2, and a conservative solute tracer bromide through three intact vadose zone cores, under saturated (discharge rate ∼100 mm h−1) and unsaturated (discharge rate 10 and 0.5 mm h−1) flow conditions. The vadose zone media were sandy gravel overlying a sand lens in core 1, a heterogeneous SG mix in core 2, and SG with an open framework gravel lens through the middle of the core in core 3. The three flow regimes resulted in different transport characteristics through each of the cores. As expected, microbial transport through all cores was higher under saturated conditions, compared with unsaturated conditions. Overall, E. coli removal was consistently greater than that of MS2 phage irrespective of core media or flow conditions. There were relatively minor removals (factors of 1–2.5) of both microbes under saturated conditions, reductions of 2–3 orders of magnitude under the high flow unsaturated conditions, and almost complete removal (4 to >5 orders of magnitude) under the low flow unsaturated conditions. The much greater removal of microbes under unsaturated conditions has significant implications and potential benefits for land management decisions.
Short Range Correlations in Nuclei at Large xbj through Inclusive Quasi-Elastic Electron Scattering

The experiment, E08-014, in Hall-A at Jefferson Lab aims to study the short-range correlations (SRC) which are necessary to explain the nuclear strength absent in the mean field theory. The cross sections for 2H, 3He, 4He, 12C, 40Ca and 48Ca, were measured via inclusive quasi-elastic electron scattering from these nuclei in a Q2 range between 0.8 and 2.8 (GeV/c)^2 for x>1. The cross section ratios of heavy nuclei to 2H were extracted to study two-nucleon SRC for 1
2D Electron Dynamics in Single Layer “Graphene Metamaterial”

The method is developed for modeling ballistic transport of 2D electron beams propagating in graphene subjected to spatial modulation. The spatial modulation is provided by means of application of periodical bias magnetic and/or electric field(s). Effects of spin‐orbital interaction and magnetization are accounted for. Some resonance effects and 2D effects of electron wave propagation in quasiperiodical magnetic barrier structures are demonstrated, accounting for spin‐orbit and exchange interactions. “Metamaterial” approaches to electron transport control such as using “slowing down” of electron waves, evanescent waves, and phase velocities of different signs are developed on the basis of the proposed method.
Bioassessment of multiple stressors in Afrotropical rivers: Evaluating the performance of a macroinvertebrate-based index of biotic integrity, diversity, and regional biotic indices

Many streams and rivers outside conservation areas across the Afrotropics face multiple stressors from land use change, urbanization, and excessive water withdrawals. Thus, there is a need to develop cost-effective tools for assessing and monitoring ecological changes to inform management decisions. Studies utilizing macroinvertebrate communities as indicators of the ecological condition of streams and rivers in the Afrotropics use diverse methods, including diversity, richness, biotic and multimetric indices. However, some of these indices are region- or country-specific, which limits their general use across multiple regions or countries. In this study, we address this challenge by testing and comparing the performance of diversity and richness indices (e.g., Shannon-Wiener and Simpson), regional biotic indices (the African Scoring System Version 5 [SASS5], Tanzanian River Scoring System [TARISS] and a biotic index developed for the Ethiopian highlands [ETHbios]), and a macroinvertebrate-based index of biotic integrity (M-IBI) in assessing the ecological condition of Afrotropical rivers with the transboundary Mara River, Kenya and Tanzania, as a case study. In this study, we analyzed water and habitat quality degradation caused by multiple stressors such as land use change, organic pollution and flow alteration and the corresponding responses in macroinvertebrate communities. We utilized macroinvertebrates data collected from 143 sites covering the entire gradient of the river and its major tributaries in Kenya and Tanzania. To develop the M-IBI, we used 12 metrics that describe macroinvertebrate community richness, composition, tolerance to disturbances (indicator taxa), and the composition of functional feeding groups. Although all the biotic indices were sensitive to poor water quality and human disturbance of the river, the M-IBI performed better than biotic indices (SASS5, Tanzanian River Scoring System, and Ethiopian highlands), diversity and richness indices by having a higher discriminatory ability of site categories according to different levels and types of disturbance. Diversity and richness indices performed poorly and failed to discriminate between stressor gradients in the river. This study demonstrates a need for testing and evaluating indices or protocols before adoption and use in biomonitoring streams and rivers in other countries and regions. There is an even greater need to assess the tolerance of macroinvertebrate taxa before inclusion in biotic indices for improved performance as discriminators of multiple stressors.
Child Abuse: Adherence of Clinical Management to Guidelines for Diagnosis of Physical Maltreatment and Neglect in Emergency Settings

Child maltreatment is a phenomenon of great importance due to the significant socio-health implications related to it. Purpose of the study is assessing compliance child abuse clinical management with guidelines and suggest corrective actions to avoid false negative or false positive judgments. The data come from 34 medical records of child victims of suspected abuse hospitalized in a pediatric clinic. We examined diagnostic and medico-legal management through the analysis of pediatric, dermatological, ophthalmological (including fundus examination), and gynecological (only in some cases) consultations, brain and skeletal imaging, laboratory tests (with reference to the study of hemostasis), and medico-legal advice. Of 34 patients, the average age was 23 months, ranging from 1 month to 8 years. The judgment was positive for abuse for 20 patients and negative for 12 patients; in two cases it was not possible to express a conclusive judgment. Two children died because of the injuries sustained. We underline the need of clinical-diagnostic standardized protocols, coroner in emergency settings, short-distance follow-up, social worker support. We also suggest objectifying in a descriptive way (using a common and repeatable language) and with photographic documentation the results of all the investigations carried out, to evaluate signs of physical maltreatment and neglect.
Electromagnetic scattering by indented screens

The problem of three dimensional electromagnetic scattering from a perfectly conducting screen with a bounded indentation is formulated as a system of boundary integral equations for the electric current density on the cavity wall and the interface between the cavity and free space. It is shown how the fictitious current density on the interface may be eliminated resulting in an integral equation of the second kind for the current density on the cavity wall only, with no integration over the infinite screen. In addition, integral representations are derived that represent the field everywhere in space in terms of the current density on the cavity wall only. Furthermore, asymptotic expressions for the far field are also presented. The equations and representations simplify considerably in the two-dimensional scalar case and results are presented for both TE and TM polarization. >
Ferromagnetism in Kondo lattice models

We report the discovery of a new ferromagnetic phase in the one-dimensional Kondo lattice model for intermediate values of the coupling constant. This new ferromagnetic phase was observed using a non-Abelian density-matrix renormalization group algorithm, which allowed us to measure directly the magnetization of the ground state with high accuracy.
Effects of Positive Psychotherapy for People with Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract This study evaluates positive psychotherapy’s effects on the well-being and psychiatric symptoms of people with psychosis. A systematic search was conducted using 10 electronic databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed using the R 4.2. 0 program to estimate the effect size. Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review and 14 in meta-analysis. Positive psychotherapy for people with psychosis had significant effects on subjective and psychological well-being and psychiatric symptoms. Further, country, age, and session were significant moderators. Thus, positive psychotherapy improves the well-being and psychiatric symptoms of people with psychosis.
Common Priors and Separation of Convex Sets

We observe that the set of all priors of an agent is the convex hull of his types. A prior common to all agents exists, if the sets of the agents' priors have a point in common. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the non-emptiness of the intersection of several closed convex subsets of the simplex, which is an extension of the separation theorem. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of common prior is a special case of this.
Weakly amenable groups and the RNP for some Banach algebras related to the Fourier algebra

It is shown that if G is a weakly amenable unimodular group then the Banach algebra Ap(G) = Ap ∩ L(G), where Ap(G) is the Figà-Talamanca–Herz Banach algebra of G, is a dual Banach space with the Radon–Nikodym property if 1 ≤ r ≤ max(p, p′). This does not hold if p = 2 and r > 2. Let G be a locally compact group and let Ap(G) denote the Figà-Talamanca–Herz Banach algebra of G as defined in [Hz1], thus generated by Lp ′ ∗ Ľp(G). Hence A2(G) is the Fourier algebra of G as defined and studied in Eymard [Ey1]. If G is abelian then A2(G) = L 1(Ĝ)̂ . Denote Ap(G) = Ap ∩ Lr(G) for 1 ≤ r ≤ ∞, 1 < p < ∞, equipped with the norm ‖u‖Arp = ‖u‖Ap + ‖u‖Lr . If G is abelian then A r 2(Ĝ) = {f ∈ L1(G) : f̂ ∈ Lr(Ĝ)}, with the norm ‖u‖ = ‖f‖L1(G) + ‖f̂‖Lr(Ĝ) if u = f̂ . A Banach space has the RNP if its unit ball wants to be weakly compact but just cannot make it, as beautifully put by Jerry Uhl. A Banach space X has the Krein–Milman Property (KMP) [Radon Nikodym Property (RNP)] if each closed convex bounded subset is the norm closed convex hull of its extreme points [strongly exposed points] (see [DU, p. 138]). If X is a dual Banach space, then the RNP and KMP are equivalent (see [DU, p. 190 and p. 218]). Strongly exposed points are extreme points which are very “smooth” (they are certainly weak-to-norm continuity points), and the fact that we can take the above as the definition of the RNP, is owed to the valiant efforts of many mathematicians (see [DU]). The Fourier algebra of the torus, A2(T), which is in fact `1(Z), has the RNP, a property possessed by any Banach space which is isomorphic to an `1 space (see [DU]), while A2(R) does not possess the RNP. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 43A15, 46J10, 43A25, 46B22; Secondary 46J20, 43A30, 43A80, 22E30.
On the morphology of $gamma$-expansions with deleted digits

We investigate the size of the set of reals which can be represented in base y using only the digits 0,1,3. It is shown that this set has Lebesgue measure zero for y 2/5. Our main goal is to prove that it has Lebesgue measure zero for a certain countable subset of
Bias in Minimum Temperature Introduced by a Redefinition of the Climatological Day at the Canadian Synoptic Stations

Abstract On 1 July 1961, the climatological day was redefined to end at 0600 UTC (coordinated universal time) at all synoptic (airport) stations in Canada. Prior to that, the climatological day ended at 1200 UTC for maximum temperature and 0000 UTC for minimum temperature. This study shows that the redefinition of the climatological day in 1961 has created a cold bias in the annual and seasonal means of daily minimum temperatures across the country while the means of daily maximum temperatures were not affected. Hourly temperatures taken at 121 stations for 1953–2007 are used to determine the magnitude of the bias and its spatial variation. It was found that the bias is more pronounced in the eastern regions; its annual mean varies from −0.2° in the west to −0.8°C in the east. Not all days are affected by this change in observing time, and the annual percentage of affected days ranges from 15% for locations in the west to 38% for locations in the east. An approach based on hourly values is proposed for ad.