Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship of ACL morphometry and structural composition to anterior knee laxity

Greater anterior knee laxity (AKL) has been identified as a risk factor of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and could be indicative of a weaker ligament. While ACL morphometry and structural composition have the potential to affect ligamentous strength and resistance to external loadings, little is understood about how ligament size and structure may contribute to AKL. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which ACL morphometry and structural composition collectively predict AKL in active females and males. A cross sectional design recruiting active collegiate females and males were used. AKL was assessed by a knee arthrometer. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were utilized to obtain ACL morphometry as assessed by ACL volume, ACL width, and ACL cross-sectional area. T1-weighted MRI scans were utilized to acquire femoral notch width. Structural composition of the ACL was assessed by T2* and T2 relaxation times. All AKL and MRI measures were used to determine 1) sex differences in ACL morphometry; 2) sex differences in ACL structural composition; and 3) which ACL morphometric measure and MR relaxation measure were the strongest independent predictors of AKL and the degree to which ACL morphometry combined with ACL structural composition to predict AKL in active females and males. Twenty college-aged active healthy males (180 ± 0.1 m, 84.0 ± 10.9 kg, 23.2 ± 2.9 yrs) and twenty females (167 ± 0.1 m, 61.9 ± 7.2 kg, 21.3 ± 2.3 yrs) were measured for AKL and underwent MRI testing on the left knee. Results revealed that males had 30% larger ACL volume and 18% larger ACL width than females, with no sex difference in ACL cross-sectional area. There were no significant differences between sexes in ACL structural composition as assessed via T2 and T2* relaxation times. ACL volume was the strongest morphometric predictor of AKL in both males and females. Smaller ACL volume and lower T2 relaxation times collectively predicted AKL in females (R2=.68), whereas smaller ACL volume and higher T2* relaxation times collectively predicted AKL in males (R2=.44). The primary findings collectively indicated that ACL morphometry and structural composition independently and collectively correlated with AKL. Further, females had smaller ACL morphometry than males with the ACL volume likely being the most appropriate measure of ACL size in studies of sex biases in ACL injury. Investigation of factors associated with the established risk factor of greater AKL could advance future prevention efforts to enhance ligament strength.
Assessment of Teacher's Professional Competence, Teacher's Teaching Experience on the Implementation of Environmental Education Curriculum in Cross River State, Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to examine some teacher variables and the implementation of the environmental education curriculum in Cross River State, Nigeria. Two research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study: Teachers’ professional competence has no significant relationship with the implementation of the environmental education curriculum in Cross River State. Teachers’ teaching experience has no significant relationship with the implementation of the environmental education curriculum in Cross River State. Literature review was carried out according to the variables under study. The ex post- facto research design was adopted for the study. A sample of four hundred and eighty (480) teachers was selected for the study. The selection was done through the stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through the split- half reliability method and its associated spearman- brown prophecy formula. The Pearson product movement correlation and one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA), were the statistical tools employed to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that. Teachers’ professional competence has a significant relationship with environmental education curriculum implementation but Teachers’ teaching experience does not significantly influence the implementation of the environment education curriculum in Cross River State.
Evaluation of saflufenacil on glyphosateresistant and glyphosate-paraquat resistant hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis)

EVALUATION OF SAFLUFENACIL ON GLYPHOSATERESISTANT AND GLYPHOSATE-PARAQUAT RESISTANT HAIRY FLEABANE (Conyza bonariensis) Hairy fleabane [Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. ] is a problematic weed in crop and non-crop areas of California. This problem has been further aggravated by the discovery of herbicide-resistant biotypes. Three experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of saflufenacil (Treevix TM ), a fairly new herbicide, on glyphosate-susceptible (GS), glyphosate-resistant (GR), and glyphosate-paraquat-resistant (GPR) hairy fleabane plants. The studies evaluated the efficacy of saflufenacil when applied alone or in combination with glyphosate at: a) three growth stages (5to 8-leaf seedling, rosette, and bolting); b) three temperature regimes (15/10oC, 25/20oC, 35/30oC at day/night); and c) three light regimes (100%, 50%, 30%, 0% of full sun). Results differed between experiments conducted in the spring and fall. Saflufenacil-alone was more effective in the fall than in spring. All the GS, GR and GPR plants were controlled by saflufenacilalone at the 5-to 8-leaf seedling and rosette stage but level of control declined at the bolting stage. Better control was obtained at the 15/10oC and 25/20oC than at the 35/30oC temperature regime. Light regime had no effect on the efficacy of saflufenacil. Efficacy of saflufenacil-alone was inconsistent in spring and varied between the biotypes. Therefore, saflufenacil-alone can provide excellent control of hairy fleabane plants prior to the bolting stage in the fall; but in spring, it will be more effective when applied with glyphosate. Michelle Dennis May 2015 EVALUATION OF SAFLUFENACIL ON GLYPHOSATERESISTANT AND GLYPHOSATE-PARAQUAT RESISTANT HAIRY FLEABANE (Conyza bonariensis)
The association of socio-demographic and environmental factors with stunting among under-five children in Hawassa City, Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract Undernutrition in children is a challenging problem in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Stunting is the most prevalent form of undernutrition. The majority of studies on childhood stunting and its associated factors focused on children, maternal and socioeconomic components. However, a few studies reported poor WaSH status and antibiotic exposure as environmental risk factors for child stunting, and the case of socio-demographic factors also lacks consistency. Concerning this, there is a lack of information in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study assessed the association of socio-demographic, WaSH, and antibiotic exposure with stunting among under-five children. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 340 mother–child pairs. Anthropometric data were collected using standard and calibrated height and weight scales. For factorial data, an interviewer-guided standard questionnaire was used. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors determining childhood stunting. In the present study, the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was 14⋅7 % (95 % CI 10⋅9, 18⋅5), 4⋅4 % (95 % CI 2⋅4, 6⋅8) and 2⋅1 % (95 % CI 0⋅6, 3⋅5), respectively. Low dietary diversity, being born from a mother with an education level of secondary school, and belonging to a female-headed household were positively associated (P < 0⋅05) with stunting. The prevalence of overall undernutrition was lower (21⋅2 %) in the study area. Stunting was significantly associated with dietary diversity, maternal educational level and sex of households head. The government policy should focus on enhancing the dietary diversity of households, and encouraging women's education.
Steel strength of anchor bolts in stand-off base plate connections

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy STEEL STRENGTH OF ANCHOR BOLTS IN STAND-OFF BASE PLATE CONNECTIONS By Kenton Elliot McBride December 2014 Chair: Ronald A. Cook Major: Civil Engineering Steel structural elements are often anchored to concrete foundations by way of base plates that stand off of the foundation, leaving an exposed portion of anchor bolts that must carry connection loads. Shear forces on individual anchor bolts produce not only shear on the bolt cross-section, but additional bending moments whose magnitudes depend on the exposed length of the bolt. Grout pads installed below the stand-off base plate offer additional contributions to the resistance of applied forces. Motivated by gaps in information and lack of uniformity in addressing anchor bolt steel shear strength in stand-off base plates, the objective of this dissertation was to characterize the steel strength of anchor bolts in ungrouted and grouted standoff base plate connections. To satisfy this objective, a four-part experimental study was undertaken. Direct Shear testing established relationships between stand-off distance and ultimate steel shear strength. Torsion and Large-scale testing applied torsion loads to circular bolt groups, uniquely generating pure shear force on bolts throughout the test process. Eccentric Shear testing produced varying combinations of normal and shear applied loads to anchor bolts. Within the four experimental arrangements, several variables were investigated for their influences on anchor bolt steel strength. Rational analytical models supported by the experimental results were proposed for the determination of steel strength in stand-off base plate connections exposed to generalized loading and exposed length conditions. The models were
Fitness Consequences of Clutch Size Decisions and Mate Change in Black Brant

For long-lived species with perennial, socially monogamous pair bonds and biparental brood care, decisions concerning how much to invest in reproduction and whether to remain with a partner could substantially affect lifetime fitness. I studied the fitness consequences of reproductive effort (Chapter 2) and mate change (Chapters 3-5) in black brant geese (Branta bernicla nigricans, hereafter brant), an Arctic nesting goose species with precocial young. I used a 25 year (1990–2014) dataset collected at the Tutakoke River brant colony (TRC), in southwestern Alaska, USA to investigate these questions. Brant provide an ideal study species because researchers are able monitor large numbers of individuals and obtain unbiased estimates of fitness components throughout their life cycle. In my second chapter, I used experimental manipulations of clutch and broods sizes (i.e., the number of goslings leaving the nest) to understand if the maximal clutch size laid by brant (i.e., 5 eggs) is under ultimate control as a result of tradeoffs between reproduction and residual reproductive value of females. I used the Barker robust design mark-recapture model to estimate two components of female fitness: (1) true survival and (2) breeding probability in t+1. I found no evidence that incubated clutch size affects future fitness of female brant. However, breeding probability in t+1 (0.82 ± 0.10 [95% CI]) was maximized for females tending 4–5 goslings and declined for females with smaller or larger brood sizes. Thus, the brood sizes that maximized the residual reproductive value of adult females matched the most common clutch sizes laid by brant. The unexpected result that females tending smaller broods had lower future fitness may result from their smaller family size during winter which may decrease their social status in wintering flocks and result in reduced foraging profitability which may carryover to affect reproduction. My findings support the hypothesis that the maximal clutch size in brant is under ultimate regulation because of tradeoffs with adult residual reproductive value.
Women business leaders in biotech and hi-tech, and related industry cluster factors

WOMEN BUSINESS LEADERS IN BIOTECH AND HI-TECH, AND INDUSTRY CLUSTER FACTORS by Jessica White Women entrepreneurs are on the rise and their numbers have grown at one and a half times the rate of small enterprises generally over the last 15 years. In spite of this, women are underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Women face additional barriers when forging careers within these fields and obtaining startup capital. This study examines female business ownership within the fields of hi-tech and biotech, and the factors that support startups by women throughout the state of California. As both of these industry sectors are known to cluster geographically around sources of venture capital, university research and development (R&D) investment, and skilled labor, the study explored how these factors influence women entrepreneurs through two methods of analysis, specifically, a quantitative GIS analysis using exploratory geo-statistical tools, and a qualitative analysis using semistructured interviews of twenty women business leaders. Results from the study demonstrated that factors that encourage hub formation are prone to cluster geographically, that women receive less venture capital than their male counterparts, biotech as a sector is more open than hi-tech to women’s participation, high numbers of women starting businesses alongside their alma mater, and a high participation of women in business accelerators and incubators.
Covid-19 and Race: News Coverage of Structural Racism and The Role of John Henryism and Racial Weathering in Bame Covid-19 Deaths

In this article, I use media analysis and materialist theory to examine two overlooked factors that have emerged out of the startling statistics around race and Covid-19. These are 1. John Henryism and 2. racial weathering. I argue that missing from media coverage are the manifold confounding and unexplored ways in which race and racism are enacted by Covid wherein the disease itself is understood as existing within a network of interacting human and non-human forces and structures. My argument is that the tendency for the media to confine itself to focusing on how social determinants impact the health of racialised groups, while important, has meant that other, more granular enactments of race and injustice have been ignored.
A Comparison of Two Presence Measures Based on Experimental Results

This paper describes a study performed to evaluate two commonly used measures of presence. The study involved 24 participants using a VR-based procedural training application with different technology types. A variety of performance measures and background information were collected during the study. These variables were factors that are assumed to be related with sense of presence. The presence questionnaires of Witmer & Singer and Slater, Usoh & Steed were used to assess sense of presence in the virtual environment. Half of the subjects received the W&S questionnaire and half received the SUS questionnaire. Following the data collection, a variety of correlations were calculated and evaluated to provide insights into the two measures of presence. The questionnaire of Slater, Usoh and Steed gave results that were most consistent with the presence construct defined by the authors.
Gas Sampling Using Convection and Humidity Stabilization to Improve Point Gas Sensor Responses

Many diseases including sick building syndrome, respiratory problems and cancers can be caused by exposure to high concentrations of toxins commonly used in modern building materials, paints, glues and furniture. To minimize exposure to these toxins, it is important to have air exchange with the outside environment. However, this is usually not energy efficient because the air must be heated or cooled. The purpose of the Intasense project was to resolve this problem by creating an air quality monitor which could determine the current quality of air within the building. This information would then be used to control the ventilation system within an energy efficient building. The purpose of this Ph.D. thesis was both to build a system which could be used to test and calibrate sensors used in the air quality monitor as well as to build its final fluidic platform. During this thesis, three fluidic platforms which include a humidity buffering system were designed, tested and constructed. The first platform was used to test an electrochemical sensor or metal oxide sensor in the laboratory. The second and third platforms held three electrochemical or metal oxide sensors, respectively. They are able to deliver equal quantities of gas to the sensors simultaneously. To date, the multisensor metal oxide platform has been used to create two versions of the Intasense Demonstrator and used to calibrate novel and commercial gas sensors. In both of these applications simultaneous delivery of equal quantities of the sample gas are required for optimal gas sensor signal processing: equal quantities are required so that the amount of analyte in contact with each sensor is the same and simultaneous delivery allows all three sensors to respond concurrently. This was achieved by creating a computational model of gas flow through the system, conducting a parameter sweep and then selecting the optimal set. To confirm that the model and machine error were not significant, a Latin square design was used to test the platform. This test showed that gas delivery to each channel was equal within statistical boundaries. Another major challenge was buffering humidity fluctuations without loss of analyte gas. This was necessary because metal oxide gas sensors are also sensitive to humidity fluctuations. To prevent a false positive caused by a rapid humidity increase, a reversible adsorbent was placed upstream of the gas sensors. However, there was concern that the adsorbent may remove analyte gasses. To optimize the tradeoff between humidity buffering and loss or delay of analyte signal, a computational model of adsorption and desorption of gasses within the filtration system was developed. It was experimentally tested using benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide. To date ten platforms have been delivered to laboratories throughout Europe. Three are being used to test and calibrate gas sensors. The rest have been used to create demonstrators of the Intasense Air Quality Monitor.
An examination of supervisory working alliance, supervisee demographics, and delivery methods in synchronous distance supervision

AN EXAMINATION OF SUPERVISORY WORKING ALLIANCE, SUPERVISEE DEMOGRAPHICS, AND DELIVERY METHODS IN SYNCHRONOUS DISTANCE SUPERVISION Robert Milton Carlisle III Old Dominion University, 2015 Chair: Dr. Danica Hays The use o f technology in synchronous supervision has increased throughout counselor education. The current study explored the degree of technology used in synchronous university supervision across counselor educations programs, examined the relationship between demographic variables (income, location from university, children 18 and under, and hours worked per week) and synchronous distance supervision, and examined the relationship between various synchronous supervision delivery methods and supervisory working alliance. A cross sectional, non-experimental correlational design was used and participants (N 673) consisted of supervisors and supervisees from CACREP accredited counselor education programs who have participated in university supervision. A statistically significant relationship was identified between number o f children 18 and under, location, and the odds of participating in synchronous distance supervision. A statistically significant relationship was also identified between the number o f delivery methods used in synchronous distance supervision (one method or more than one method), the supervision course level (practicum or internship), and supervisory working
Scour properties of mono bucket foundation

Field experience proved that the Mono Bucket foundations (MBFs) have good response against scour development. Moreover, the ratio between large diameter (bucket lid) and the small diameter (shaft tower) is the driving parameter for the process of erosion/backfill, like scour protection diameter in the case of scour protected monopiles. However, the structural design to reduce the scour development for MBFs is still open to optimization. The influences of parameters that generate backfill and scour, the transfer load webs and the misalignment with seabed, have not been systematically studied until now. Thus, an experimental analysis was carried out to quantify the influence of webs, the misalignment parameters and combination of the two. The physical analysis uses the flume facility at Aalborg University. The test conditions are irregular waves superposition with co-directional or opposite tidal flow. Three structural models have been tested in several tidal cycles with a variation of the current intensity. Three levels of alignment with seabed are taken: one flushing and two more with different levels of misalignment. Field results for installation stage have been collected from the North Sea and compared with lab tests. The results showed a sensibility to the misalignment height comparable with the berm height of the scour protection on traditional monopiles leading to edge scour. Design improvements to limit the scour and increase backfill have been found. The experimental analysis compared with real surveys and existing studies showed good agreements. Scour protection based on collar solution shows high efficiency when scour protection should be required. The paper demonstrates good agreement between field measurements and small-scale studies. The unique value of the field measurements increases confidence in small-scale studies which are subject to scale and lab effects.
New insight into hot-electron-induced degradation of n-MOSFETs

The channel electric field is found to be as important as the substrate current in understanding hot-electron-induced (MOSFET) degradation. It is shown that only when the combined effect of the channel field and substrate current is considered can all the experimental results, covering a wide range of bias conditions, channel lengths, and oxide thickness, be fully accounted for. It is demonstrated that long-channel MOSFETs are still prone to hot-electron-induced degradation in analog circuits where a 10-V supply is used. A novel characterization methodology to ensure hot-electron reliability in various types of circuits is presented. <<ETX>>