Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender differences and prevalence of sleeping disorder among arts students in higher learning institutions.

Every human being need a sufficient amount of high-quality sleep. However, according to studies, both men and women are becoming more afflicted by sleep disorders, which are particularly prevalent among university students. Nowadays, sleep problems are a frequent occurrence in people's daily lives. Due to the fact that female students have more difficulty falling asleep and continuously wake up earlier than male students, they are more impacted than their male counterparts. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of sleeping disorders between males and females among Music and Performing Art students in the institutes of higher learning. The survey was conducted online in June 2020. One hundred students from the faculty participated in this cross-sectional study. Simple random sampling used to select the samples. Students who took part in this survey were predominately female, 52% and male, 48%. The study found that here is a statistically significant difference between male and female Music and Performing Art students in the institutes of higher learning when it comes to sleeping disorder. The findings of the study revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in sleeping disorders between males and females’ students enrolled in a higher education institution. Hence, male and female morphologic differences in the context of sleeping difficulties may be revealed as a result of our study, which may provide information and evidence of such differences.
Hybrid epidemic spreading - from Internet worms to HIV infection

Epidemic phenomena are ubiquitous, ranging from infectious diseases, computer viruses, to information dissemination. Epidemics have traditionally been studied as a single spreading process, either in a fully mixed population or on a network. Many epidemics, however, are hybrid, employing more than one spreading mechanism. For example, the Internet worm Conficker spreads locally targeting neighbouring computers in local networks as well as globally by randomly probing any computer on the Internet. This thesis aims to investigate fundamental questions, such as whether a mix of spreading mechanisms gives hybrid epidemics any advantage, and what are the implications for promoting or mitigating such epidemics. We firstly propose a general and simple framework to model hybrid epidemics. Based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we show that properties of hybrid epidemics are critically determined by a hybrid tradeoff, which defines the proportion of resource allocated to local and global spreading mechanisms. We then study two distinct examples of hybrid epidemics: the Internet worm Conficker and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection within the human body. Using Internet measurement data, we reveal how Conficker combines ineffective spreading mechanisms to produce a serious outbreak on the Internet. We propose a mathematical model that can accurately recapitulate the entire HIV infection course as observed in clinical trials. Our study provides novel insights into the two parallel infection channels of HIV, i.e. cell-free spreading and cell-to-cell spreading, and their joint effect on HIV infection and treatment. In summary, this thesis has advanced our understanding of hybrid epidemics. It has provided mathematical frameworks for future analysis. It has demonstrated, with two successful case studies, that such research can have a significant impact on important issues such as cyberspace security and human health.
Seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake and its relationship with Wenchuan earthquake

The Lushan earthquake occurred on the southern segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt between the Bayan Har and south China blocks.Field investigations indicated that there is no any earthquake surface rupture zone generated by this earthquake,only secondary surface breaks,such as extensional ground fissures,landslides,bedrock collapses,and liquefactions were found in the epicentral areas,which were caused by slope instability and earthquake vibration.The relocated aftershocks,focal mechanism solutions and surface structural geology further demonstrate that the seismogenic fault of the Lushan earthquake is a blind reverse fault which strikes 212° and dips toward NW with a dip angle of 38°±2°. The upper tip of this blind reverse fault is still at the depth of about 9 km in the upper crust.The structural deformation from above the tip to the ground surface is in accordance with a fault-propagation-anticline model.Besides,the differences in spatial aftershocks' distribution,rupturing process and seismogenic structure suggest that the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes are two independent rupturing events occurred along the middle segment and southern segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt,respectively.
Neurohistopathological Alterations Induced by Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis Extracts in Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

Background Diabetes mellitus is often associated with neurohistopathological changes, resulting in cognitive deficits. This study aimed to explore the neurohistopathological alterations induced by Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts in diabetic male Wistar rats. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 64 male Wistar rats aged between 8 and 12 weeks were allocated evenly into eight different groups. The first group, consisting of eight rats, served as the control, receiving only a standard diet with no additional treatment. The second group was treated with 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan to induce a diabetic model. The third group received a metformin treatment at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight. The fourth and fifth groups were administered with Theobroma cacao and Camellia sinensis extracts, respectively, at respective doses of 340 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight. Groups six and seven were diabetic models treated with either Theobroma cacao extract (340 mg/kg) or Camellia sinensis extract (200 mg/kg). The eighth group, another diabetic model, was treated with a combination of both extracts at the same doses. Brain tissues were harvested at the end of an eight-week treatment period for histopathological evaluation. Cresyl violet staining was the method used for histopathological examination of the harvested brain tissues. Results Histopathological evaluations revealed normal neuronal structures in the control group. Alloxan-treated rats displayed significant neurodegeneration, including vacuolization and apoptosis. Metformin treatment showed moderate improvements in the neural architecture. Remarkably, Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts exhibited protective effects against neurodegeneration in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Furthermore, a combination of both extracts in diabetic rats led to synergistic improvements in the neural structures, closely approximating normal conditions. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among the groups (F(7,56) = 24.11, p < 0.001). A Tukey post hoc test further indicated significant improvements in Metformin, Theobroma Cacao, and Camellia Sinensis-treated groups compared to the alloxan-induced diabetes model. Conclusions Both Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts unveiled notable promise in countering the neurohistopathological alterations spurred by diabetes in the study. This pioneering observation accentuates the innovative possibility of utilizing these natural extracts as potential therapeutic agents for neural complications in diabetes mellitus. The compelling findings of this study contribute significantly to the existing body of research and emphatically advocate for further exhaustive exploration into the mechanistic actions of Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts. The understanding gleaned from such in-depth studies could revolutionize the approach to managing and treating neural complications associated with diabetes, thereby enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals.
Leg and Joint Stiffness of the Supporting Leg during Side-Foot Kicking in Soccer Players with Chronic Ankle Instability

Soccer players with chronic ankle instability (CAI) may stabilize their supporting leg by the proximal joint to compensate for the ankle instability during kicking motion. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of leg and joint stiffness of the supporting leg during side-foot kicking in soccer players with CAI. Twenty-four male collegiate-level soccer players with and without CAI participated in this study. The kinematic and kinetic data were obtained using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Leg stiffness and joint (hip, knee, and ankle) stiffness in the sagittal and frontal planes were calculated and analyzed. The results clarified that soccer players with CAI (0.106 ± 0.053 Nm/°) had greater knee stiffness in knee adduction during the kicking cycle compared to those without CAI (0.066 ± 0.030 Nm/°; p = 0.046), whereas no characteristic differences were observed in knee stiffness in knee flexion and hip and ankle stiffness (p > 0.05). Knee stiffness is believed to occur to compensate for ankle joint instability in the supporting leg. Therefore, adjusting knee stiffness to accommodate ankle joint instability is crucial for maintaining kicking performance. Based on results of this study, it may be important to consider training and exercises focused on joint coordination to improve knee stiffness in soccer players with CAI.
Effect of Workload, Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Performance

The Effect of Workload, Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Performance is a scientific article of literature study within the scope of the field of science. The purpose of this article is to build a hypothesis on the influence between variables to be used in further research . object research on online libraries, Google Scholar, Mendeley and other academic online media. Research method with the research library comes from e-books and open access e-journals. Qualitative descriptive analysis . The results of this article : 1) Workload affects employee performance; 2) Work Discipline affects Employee Performance; and 3) Work Motivation influences Employee Performance.
Early Holocene palaeoseasonality inferred from the stable isotope composition of Unio shells from Çatalhöyük, Turkey

Seasonal δ13C and δ18O data are presented from 14 Unio sub-fossil shells unearthed at the archaeological site of Çatalhöyük in central Turkey, spanning the occupation period ca. 9150–8000 cal years BP. The shells likely lived in the small lakes/wetlands around the site before being gathered and taken to Çatalhöyük. Wet-dry seasonal cycles are clearly apparent in the δ18Oshell profiles with low winter values reflecting winter precipitation and high δ18O in the summer resulting from evaporation. The most striking trend in the δ18O data is the drop in maximum summer δ18O ca. 8300 years BP, which we infer as indicating lower summer evaporation and hence a reduction in seasonality. Previous palaeoclimate records from the area have suggested cooler and more arid conditions, with reduced precipitation, around this time. While the drop in summer δ18O values could be due to reduced summer temperatures reducing summer evaporation, but there was little change in winter δ18O, perhaps suggesting winter growth cessation or reduced influence of winter climate change on δ18O. This shift in seasonal climate could be linked to solar-forced climate change beginning ca. 8600 years BP, and enhanced by the regional expression of the 8·2k event. Changing water balance over the occupation period is likely an important contributory factor behind observed cultural changes at Çatalhöyük in the Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic period. Our results might be considered to support the fission-fusion farming hypothesis as we provide additional evidence for wet winter/early spring conditions during the Early Holocene which likely caused flooding of the Çarşamba Fan. The changing water balance after ca. 8300 years BP (i.e. reduced seasonality and potentially reduced local summer evaporation) is also coincidental with the proposed end of this farming system due to multi-decadal drought.
Influence of biochar and terra preta substrates on wettability and erodibility of soils

Biochar (BC) and terra preta substrates (TPS) have recently been promoted as soil amendments suitable for soil stabilization, soil amelioration and long-term carbon sequestration. BC is a carbon-enriched substance produced by thermal decomposition of organic material. TPS is composed of liquid and solid organic matter, including BC, altered by acid-lactic fermentation. Their effect on wettability, soil erodibility and nutrient discharge through overland flow was studied by laboratory experiments. At water contents between 0 and 100% BC is water repellent, while TPS changes from a wettable into a repellent state. The 5 and 10 vol % mixtures of BC and 10 and 20 vol% mixtures of TPS with sand remain mainly wettable during drying but repellency maxima are shifted to higher water contents with respect to pure sand and are mainly of subcritical nature. The runoff response was dominated by infiltration properties of the substrates rather than their wettability.Only one mixtures (20% TPS) produced more runoff than sandy-loamy soil on a 15% slope at an intensity of 25 mm•h-1. The 10% BC decreased runoff by up to 40%. At higher rainfall intensities (45 and 55 mm•h-1) the 10% TPS7 was up to 35% less erodible than 10% BC. Despite the TPS containing more nutrients, nutrient discharge varied between types of nutrients, slopes, rainfall intensities and mixtures. The application of a 1 cm layer onto the soil surface instead of 10% mixtures is not recommended due to high nutrient concentrations in the runoff and the wettability of pure substrates. The usage of 10% BC in lowland areas with low frequency and low-intensity precipitation and 10% TPS7 in areas with higher rainfall intensities appears to be appropriate and commendable according to current results. However, together with reversibility of repellency, it needs to undergo further examination in the field under different environmental and land use conditions
Critical windows of greenness exposure during preconception and gestational periods in association with birthweight outcomes

Few studies have examined the association between greenness exposure and birth outcomes. This study aims to identify critical exposure time windows during preconception and pregnancy for the association between greenness exposure and birth weight. A cohort of 13 890 pregnant women and newborns in Shanghai, China from 2016–2019 were included in the study. We assessed greenness exposure using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during the preconception and gestational periods, and evaluated the association with term birthweight, birthweight z-score, small-for-gestational age, and large-for-gestational age using linear and logistic regressions adjusting for key maternal and newborn covariates. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, ambient levels of fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) assessed during the same period were adjusted for as sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, we explored the potential different effects by urbanicity and park accessibility through stratified analysis. We found that higher greenness exposure at the second trimester of pregnancy and averaged exposure during the entire pregnancy were associated with higher birthweight and birthweight Z-score. Specifically, a 0.1 unit increase in second trimester averaged NDVI value was associated with an increase in birthweight of 10.2 g (95% CI: 1.8–18.5 g) and in birthweight Z-score of 0.024 (0.003–0.045). A 0.1 unit increase in an averaged NDVI during the entire pregnancy was associated with 10.1 g (95% CI: 1.0–19.2 g) increase in birthweight and 0.025 (0.001–0.048) increase in birthweight Z-score. Moreover, the associations were larger in effect size among urban residents than suburban residents and among residents without park accessibility within 500 m compared to those with park accessibility within 500 m. Our findings suggest that increased greenness exposure, particularly during the second trimester, may be beneficial to birth weight in a metropolitan area.
Depositional Processes, Sedimentary Structures, and Predicted Vertical Sequences in Barred Nearshore Systems, Southern Oregon Coast

ABSTRACT Many of the straighter, less rocky parts of the southern Oregon coast are characterized by nearshore bars that extend obliquely out from shore and migrate alongshore. A typical oblique bar is attached to the foreshore at its upcurrent end, nearly parallel to shore through most of its length, and bowed seaward into a rip-channel-mouth bar at its downcurrent end. The main part of an oblique bar is separated from the foreshore by a longshore trough that curves seaward into a rip channel. The net wave-induced currents flow obliquely shoreward over the bar, parallel to shore through the longshore trough, and seaward through the rip channel and over the rip-channel-mouth bar. Medium-scale crossbedding formed by the migration of megaripples in the direction of net water flow is the dominant nternal structure in most of the nearshore. Small-scale crossbedding formed by wave-ripple migration is dominant in the inner offshore, and planar bedding is dominant on the foreshore. Most or all of the bar deposits would be destroyed if the coast prograded slowly but continuously. The vertical sequence produced during progradation should be characterized, in ascending order, by inner offshore deposits, possibly deposits of the lower seaward slope of the bar, a subhorizontal erosion surface corresponding to the deepest part of the rip channel, rip channel deposits, longshore trough deposits, deposits of the foreshore-trough transition, and foreshore deposits, Subhorizontal erosion surfaces probably occur in deposits formed by the slow progradation of most kinds of barred nearshore systems, but they should not occur in deposits formed by the progradation of a non-barred nearshore system. The nature of the deposits produced by the progradation of a barred nearshore system should vary with orientation of the bars relative to the shoreline, number of bars, wave energy, and available grain sizes.
The Relationship among Precipitation, Cloud-Top Temperature, and Precipitable Water over the Tropics

Abstract The relationship of monthly precipitation P to precipitable water w and cloud-top temperature as represented by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Precipitation Index (GPI) is obtained over tropical land, coast, and ocean: P = exp[a1(w − a2)] GPI,where coefficients a1 and a2 are determined using one year of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly rain gauge data and then independently tested using four other years of gauge data. This algorithm, over land, gives more accurate precipitation estimates than are obtained using the cloud-top temperature alone (i.e., GPI) and is as accurate as the state-of-the-art multisatellite algorithm (MS) from GPCP. Over coastal and oceanic regions, this algorithm has a smaller bias in precipitation estimation than GPI but has the same correlation coefficient with gauge data as GPI. Compared with MS, it has a much smaller bias but larger mean absolute deviation. Evaluation using the Pacific atoll–island gauge data also .
Experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy infection in rabbits

The aim of our work was to determine the sensitivity of rabbits to the C-BSE pathogen in the first passage, to obtain a laboratory model on rabbits to study the C-BSE pathogen. The results of the experiments showed that with intracerebral infection of rabbits with the causative agent of classical spongiform encephalopathy of cows (C-BSE) they are 100% sensitive to the pathogen with an incubation period of 570 to 1842 days. The disease proceeds with the development of a clinical picture typical of prion diseases, the development of pathomorphological changes in the central nervous system in the form of vacuolization of neurons and neuropiles in various parts of the brain and massive deposition of prion protein PrPSc both in brain tissues and in peripheral lymphoid tissue (spleen). The laboratory model on rabbits is a highly sensitive model for studying the prion of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-BSE) and probably the causative agent of v-CJD.
Surgical Management of Adult Brainstem Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The present review aims to investigate the survival and functional outcomes in adult high-grade brainstem gliomas (BGSs) by comparing data from resective surgery and biopsy. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were screened to conduct a systematic review of the literature, according to the PRISMA statement. Analysis was limited to articles including patients older than 18 years of age and those published from 1990 to September 2022. Case reports, review articles, meta-analyses, abstracts, reports of aggregated data, and reports on multimodal therapy where surgery was not the primary treatment were excluded. The ROBINS-I tool was applied to evaluate the risk of bias. Six studies were ultimately considered for the meta-analysis. The resective group was composed of 213 subjects and the bioptic group comprised 125. The analysis demonstrated a survival benefit in those patients in which an extensive resection was possible (STR HR 0.59 (95% CI 0.42, 0.82)) (GTR HR 0.63 (95% CI 0.43, 0.92)). Although surgical resection is associated with increased survival, the significantly higher complication rate makes it difficult to recommend surgery instead of biopsy for BSGs. Future investigations combining volumetric data and molecular profiles could add important data to better define the proper indication between resection and biopsy.
Macro-roughness, flow resistance and sediment transport in steep mountain streams

Steep mountain streams typically feature macro-roughness elements like large immobile boulders or channel-spanning bedforms such as step-pool sequences. The effects of macro-roughness on resistance and flow velocity are not well understood and appropriate field parameter for representing macro-roughness in flow velocity equations have not been identified. The prediction of flow velocity in rough and steep streams therefore remains challenging. We measured flow velocity and several macroroughness parameters, i.e. boulder concentration, boulder diameter and protrusion, and roughness of longitudinal channel profiles) in six reaches of steep mountain streams with plane bed/riffle, step-pool and cascade channel morphologies. The between-site variations in flow resistance can be explained to some extent by non-dimensionalization of discharge and flow velocity using channel slope and a characteristic roughness length. Using any of our roughness parameters as the characteristic roughness length, this nondimensionalization leads to a similarity collapse of the entire data set. The remaining differences in flow resistance among the streams are related to dimensionless measures of macro-roughness that describe the concentration of boulders or step density in a reach. Boulder concentration represents the measure best describing the data and is used in a simple regression equation for flow velocity. The predictions were somewhat better than predictions by the variable power-law equation of Ferguson. Although the regression might not be statistically significant, the observed trends suggest that measures of macro-roughness, particularly boulder concentration, explain a large portion of between-site variation of flow resistance. In review in Water Resources Research