Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the potential for abuse of lisdexamfetamine in adults? A preclinical and clinical literature review and expert opinion

ABSTRACT Introduction Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a prodrug approved for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and for moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder in adults in some countries. Area covered We aimed to specify the abuse potential of LDX in adults, using a review of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), animal, clinical, and pharmaco-epidemiological studies, through a PubMed search since inception until May 2021 using the following keywords: “lisdexamfetamine AND (‘misuse’ OR ‘abuse’ OR ‘diversion’ OR ‘addiction’)”. Expert opinion Most of the studies highlighted a longer Tmax than dexamphetamine leading to a delayed onset of effects and a decreased Cmax. These PK parameters were often associated with a diminished feeling of euphoria, in comparison to immediate-release dexamphetamine. The potential for abuse was also limited by the prodrug property of LDX, thus reducing the risk of misuse. Nevertheless, all the data were not convergent, as some authors reported similar Cmax for LDX and dexamphetamine and reinforcing properties with a dose-dependent effect. Epidemiological studies found that abuse rates of LDX were substantially lower than those of immediate-release dexamphetamine. Overall, although LDX abuse seems possible, we did not find evidence concerning current safety signal. However, more long-term pharmaco-epidemiological studies are still needed to confirm this finding.
Low Adaptation to Management Philosophy and Refraining From Seeking Medical Care in Japanese Employees

To encourage employees to seek medical care when they feel unwell, it is essential for a company not only to adopt the “pursuing employees’ well-being” as its management philosophy but also to take a philosophy-oriented approach to ensure that this philosophy is adapted by employees and reflected in their behavior. Objective We examined the prospective association of low adaptation to management philosophy with refraining from seeking medical care (RSMC) among Japanese employees in a company with a management philosophy of “pursuing employees’ well-being. ” Methods We surveyed 2791 employees (2059 men and 732 women) from 2 factories of a Japanese manufacturing company following the management philosophy of “pursuing employees’ well-being. ” Using a self-administered questionnaire, we measured adaptation to management philosophy at baseline and RSMC at a 1-year follow-up. We conducted robust Poisson regression analysis. Results Low adaptation to management philosophy was significantly associated with RSMC (incidence rate ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.35). Conclusions Adaptation to management philosophy may be an important factor associated with the decision of employees working at a company following the “pursuing employees’ well-being” management philosophy to seek medical care for their perceived health issues.
Building Research Ethos from the Ground up Using McKinsey 7-S Framework: The Case of the Modern College of Business and Science

The aim of this paper is to document the experience of the Modern College of Business and Science (MCBS) in building its research ethos as a quality management case study. The new strategic plan of MCBS gives focus on Research and Consultancy as one of its five strategic perspectives. Motivated by its aspiration to contribute to the growth and sharing of knowledge, the college embarked on the task of developing a systemic and systematic approach to build the hard and soft elements of institutional research using the McKinsey 7-S Framework. On one hand, the hard elements of strategy, structure, and system were designed through a series of dialogue within the college’s academic community. On the other hand, the alignment of the soft elements of shared values, skills, style, and staff to the hard elements was emphasized in a series of workshops. The outcomes include: 1) Policies and guidelines; 2) Research Agenda; and 3) Mechanisms for results.
Novel insights into host specificity of Pyricularia oryzae and Pyricularia grisea in the infection of gramineous plant roots

Abstract Pyricularia oryzae and Pyricularia grisea are pathogens that cause blast disease in various monocots. It has been reported that P. oryzae infects the leaves and roots of rice via different mechanisms. However, it is unclear to what extent the tissue types affect the host specificities of P. oryzae and P. grisea. Here, we evaluated the tissue‐specific infection strategies of P. oryzae and P. grisea in various gramineous plants. Generally, mycelial plug inoculation caused root browning but the degree of browning did not simply follow the disease index on leaves. Interestingly, the Triticum and Digitaria pathotypes caused strong root growth inhibition in rice, wheat, and barley. Moreover, the Digitaria pathotype inhibited root branching only in rice. Culture filtrate reproduced these inhibitory effects on root, suggesting that some secreted molecules are responsible for the inhibitions. Observation of root sections revealed that most of the infection hyphae penetrated intercellular spaces and further extended into root cells, regardless of pathotype and host plant. The infection hyphae of Digitaria and Triticum pathotypes tended to localize in the outer layer of rice roots, but not in those of wheat and barley roots. The infection hyphae of the Oryza pathotype were distributed in both the intercellular and intracellular spaces of rice root cells. Pathogenesis‐related genes and reactive oxygen species accumulation were induced after root inoculation with all combinations. These results suggest that resistance reactions were induced in the roots of gramineous plants against the infection with Pyricularia isolates but failed to prevent fungal invasion.
Detection and Co-occurrence of kdr (F1534C and S989P) Mutations in Multiple Insecticides Resistant Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Nigeria

Abstract The outbreak of yellow fever virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti has been of major concern in Nigeria, this mosquito also transmits several other arboviruses globally. The control of many vectors of mosquito-borne diseases relies heavily on the use of insecticides. Therefore, constant monitoring of insecticide resistance status and associated mechanisms is crucial within the local mosquito population. Here, we determined the resistance profile of adult Ae. aegypti from Majidun and Oke Ota communities, Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria to different classes of insecticides using WHO procedures. The resistant phenotypes of Ae. aegypti were screened for the presence of kdr mutations F1534C, S989P, and V1016G, which have been implicated in insecticide resistance in yellow fever vectors. A high level of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids was recorded in Ae. aegypti in this study, although possible resistance to deltamethrin, one of the pyrethroids was reported in one of the locations. Resistance to bendiocarb was recorded in the Majidun community while Ae. aegypti in both locations were susceptible to malathion. The presence of F1534C mutation associated with DDT and deltamethrin resistance in Ae. aegypti population, and the presence of S989P mutation were detected singly and in co-occurrence with F1534C for the first time in Africa, while V1016G mutation was not detected in this study. The role of these mutations in resistance phenotype expressed in Ae. aegypti in larger populations needs to be established.
The ultrasonography, colour Doppler ultrasonography and sonoelastography findings of scar endometriosis in comparison with menstrual phases

Abstract We aimed to evaluate ultrasonography (US), colour Doppler US (CDUS) and sonoelastography (SEL) findings of histopathologically proven abdominal wall scar endometriosis in comparison with menstrual phases. A total of 24 female patients with scar endometriosis were included. Lesion size, volume, echogenicity, solid/cystic or complex appearance, contour and location on US, vascularisation on CDUS, and elasticity on SEL were recorded in both menstrual and ovulatory phases. Hypoechoic heterogeneous lesions with increased peripheral echogenicity were observed in all lesions. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) volume of the lesions in the menstrual and ovulatory phases of the lesions was 4.36 ± 3.01 cm3 and 4.63 ± 7.61 cm3 (p = .316). The mean ± SD resistive index values on CDUS in the menstrual and ovulatory phases were 0.96 ± 0.09 and 0.97 ± 0.07, respectively (p = .667). The SEL examination demonstrated a hard coding pattern in all cases with no statistically significant difference between menstrual and ovulatory phases (p = .176). We found no significant difference in terms of US, CDUS and SEL findings of scar endometriosis in comparison with menstrual phases which suggests there is no need to evaluate the patient in a specific menstrual phase. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Scar endometriosis is the endometriosis located at the abdominal wall around the scar area with a very rare incidence. The typical sonographic findings of scar endometriosis are a hypoechoic solid mass with irregular contours. High resistive index on colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and hard coding pattern on sonoelastography (SEL) are seen in the lesion. What do the results of this study add? This is the first study that evaluates sonographic features of scar endometriosis lesions in the menstrual phase. We found that scar endometriosis lesions did not have a significant difference in terms of B-mode US, CDUS and SEL in menstrual and ovulatory phases. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our findings suggest that there is no need to evaluate the patient in a specific menstrual phase.
Mapping trends and hotspots regarding oral carcinoma and macrophages: a bibliometric analysis of global research.

BACKGROUND In recent years, the incidence of oral carcinoma has been increasing year by year, and the role of macrophages in oral carcinoma cannot be ignored. Many related studies have been published, but until now, there is no bibliometric analysis of these publications. METHODS The global publications about oral carcinoma and macrophages from January 2011 to December 2021 were extracted from Web of Science collection database. Microsoft Excel 2016, GraphPad Prism 8, VOSviewer software and CiteSpace were employed to perform the bibliometric study. RESULTS China published the most publications in this field and had the most citations as well as H-index. Oral Oncology published the most papers relating to the oral carcinoma and macrophages in terms of journals. Sichuan University have most publications in terms of institutions and research by Taams, LS received the highest number of citations. CONCLUSION The squamous cell carcinoma is still the focus of our attention at present. The polarization of macrophages, immunotherapy and the prevention of oral cancer were identified as the emerging topics. However, the collaboration of immunology and oncology has played an important role in the development of this field.
An inflammatory response-related gene signature associated with immune status and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic significance of inflammatory response-associated genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS Transcriptomic profiles and related clinical information of AML patients were acquired from a public database. To establish a multi-gene prognosis signature, we performed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox analysis for the TCGA cohort and evaluated the ICGC cohort for verification. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier analysis was carried out to compare the overall survival (OS) rates between high- and low-risk groups. Biological function and single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) analyses were employed to investigate the association of risk score with immune status and the tumor microenvironment. Prognostic gene expression levels in AML samples and normal controls were confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We identified a potential inflammatory response-related signature comprising 11 differentially expressed genes, including ACVR2A, CCL22, EBI3, EDN1, FFAR2, HRH1, ICOSLG, IL-10, INHBA, ITGB3, and LAMP3, and found that AML patients with high expression levels in the high-risk group had poor OS rates. Biological function analyses revealed that prognostic genes mainly participated in inflammation and immunity signaling pathways. Analyses of cancer-infiltrating immunocytes indicated that in high-risk patients, the immune suppressive microenvironment was significantly affected. The expression of the inflammation reaction-associated signature was found to be associated with susceptibility to chemotherapy. There was a significant difference in prognostic gene expression between AML and control tissues. CONCLUSION A novel inflammatory response-related signature was developed with 11 candidate genes to predict prognosis and immune status in AML patients.
Triple-negative breast cancer influences a mixed M1/M2 macrophage phenotype associated with tumor aggressiveness

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by excessive accumulation of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs consist of a heterogeneous population with high plasticity and are associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Moreover, breast cancer cells can secrete factors that influence TAM polarization. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the crosstalk between cancer cells and macrophages in the context of TNBC. Cytokine-polarized M2 macrophage were used as control. Distinct from the classical M2 macrophage, TAMs generated from TNBC-conditioned media upregulated both M1- and M2-associated genes, and secreted both the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin IL-10 and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor- α. Theses TNBC-induced TAMs exert aggressive behavior of TNBC cells. Consistently, TCGA and MTABRIC analyses of human breast cancer revealed upregulation of M1- associated genes in TNBC comparing with non-TNBC. Among these M1-associated genes, CXCL10 and IL1B were revealed to be independent prognostic factors for disease progression. In conclusion, TNBC cells induce macrophage polarization with a mixture of M1 and M2 phenotypes. These cancer-induced TAMs further enhance tumor cell growth and aggressiveness.
Evaluating the cost-utility of a direct transfer to angiosuite protocol within 6 h of symptom onset in suspected large vessel occlusion patients

Abstract Introduction A direct transfer to angiosuite (DTAS) protocol has shown to be effective and safe by shortening in-hospital workflows and encouraging long-term outcome benefits. To implement DTAS at a new facility, a large organizational effort is necessary. We performed a cost-utility analysis and budget impact analysis (BIA) of the operation of a new angiosuite, primarily dedicated to stroke patients, that allows facilities to approximate the cost implications of utilizing a DTAS pathway. Methods Sixty-one patients who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) following DTAS were matched for baseline variables to 117 patients who underwent a conventional imaging protocol at a hospital in Catalonia, Spain. An economic model, based on actual data from these patients, was developed to assess the short- and long-term clinical and economic implications of DTAS. In the BIA, the DTAS scenario was gradually implemented for 20% of patients each year until reaching a plateau at 80% of patients in the DTAS pathway. Initial investment and additional organizational costs, €4 million, were taken into consideration to compare the budget impact of the DTAS scenario with no organizational changes over five years. Results DTAS was associated with better patient functional independence rates (mRS 0–2: 50.9% vs. 41.0%) and a quality-adjusted life-years gain of 0.82 per patient. Despite the additional initial investment, DTAS development was associated with an estimated 10.2% reduction (€14.7 million) of the total costs (€144.5 million). Cost savings were mainly due to long-term associated costs related to patient disability (€13.2 million). Limitations The study relies on data obtained from a single-center, and therefore it may be difficult to generalize the findings Conclusions Our economic model predicts that the implementation of a DTAS program is cost-effective compared with no organizational changes. Our model also predicts better clinical outcomes for patients in terms of functional independence and quality-adjusted life years.
From protection to non‐protection: A mixed methods study investigating movement, posture and recovery from disabling low back pain

Movement and posture are commonly believed to relate to low back pain (LBP). Yet, we know little about how people make sense of the relationship between their LBP, movement and posture, particularly after recovery. We aimed to qualitatively explore this understanding, how it changes and how it relates to quantitative changes.
Is exercise good for all? Time- and strain-based work–family conflict and its impacts

ABSTRACT While many people believe that exercise can relieve stress and enrich well-being, it is unclear whether this relationship always holds when employees suffer from work–family conflict (WFC). Drawing on the transactional theory of stress and conservation of resources theory, we examine how exercise moderates the impact of time- and strain-based WFC on employees’ vitality at work and, subsequently, employees’ subjective well-being. With data collected in multiple waves from a sample in China (N = 243), we found that when employees experienced time-based WFC, strong adherence to exercise did not benefit their vitality as weak adherence to exercise did. However, when employees experienced strain-based work interference with family demands, strong (rather than weak) adherence to exercise benefited their vitality. In addition, the moderating effect of exercise on the relationship between WFC and vitality transited to affect employee job satisfaction.
Factors relating to childbirth self efficacy among pregnant women: a CHAID analysis

Abstract Childbirth self-efficacy is a useful measure for determining a woman's confidence in managing childbirth and for determining any preconceptions that require reinforcement. Childbirth self-efficacy is also particularly helpful in advising not only how to cope with birth, but also maternal well-being and fostering the improvement of a wide variety of perinatal outcomes. The present study aims to determine the factors affecting childbirth self-efficacy in pregnant women. The sample size consisted of 380 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45. Data were collected via face to face interviews using the Childbirth Self Efficacy Scale Short Form (CBSEI-32) in the Akdeniz University Hospital between November 2019 and February 2020 and used Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector analyses, resulting in a mean CBSEI-32 score of 244.279 ± 45.121. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that income status affects self-efficacy, and personal experiences such as foetal loss affect a woman’s childbirth self-efficacy. In addition, it was also found that the level of prenatal education affected childbirth self-efficacy. Health professionals should assess pregnant women during the antenatal period in terms of their childbirth self efficacy and prepare personalised training programs and plan initiatives to increase perceptions of self-efficacy. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Childbirth self-efficacy is one of the important psychological parameters to determine a woman's belief in her confidence in managing childbirth and to measure women's perceptions of her need for reinforcement. What do the results of this study add? Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of women affect their childbirth self-efficacy perception positively and negatively. Women's birth self-efficacy can be improved positively with prenatal education. In addition, it is one of the interesting findings of the study that the self-efficacy level of women who had a previous low experience was high. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Women's childbirth self efficacy can be improved with trainings and appropriate nursing interventions. For this reason, it is important to determine the factors affecting the self-efficacy perception of women. In future studies, the childbirth self-efficacy perceptions of women in different samples (risky pregnancy, disabled pregnant, etc.) should be measured.
Periventricular nodular heterotopia is functionally coupled with the neocortex during resting and task states

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a well-defined developmental disorder characterized by failed neuronal migration, which forms ectopic neuronal nodules along the ventricular walls. Previous studies mainly focus on clinical symptoms caused by the PVNH tissue, such as seizures. However, little is known about whether and how neurons in the PVNH tissue functionally communicate with neurons in the neocortex. To probe this, we applied magnetoencephalography (MEG) and stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) recordings to patients with PVNH during resting and task states. By estimating frequency-resolved phase coupling strength of the source-reconstructed neural activities, we found that the PVNH tissue was spontaneously coupled with the neocortex in the α to β frequency range, which was consistent with the synchronization pattern within the neocortical network. Furthermore, the coupling strength between PVNH and sensory areas effectively modulated the local neural activity in sensory areas. In both MEG and sEEG visual experiments, the PVNH tissue exhibited visual evoked responses, with a similar pattern and latency as the ipsilateral visual cortex. These findings demonstrate that PVNH is functionally integrated into cognition-related cortical circuits, suggesting a co-development perspective of ectopic neurons after their migration failure.