Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Distributional Impacts of Rooftop Solar PV Adoption Under Net Energy Metering

We show that residential rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV) adoption under typical electricity tariffs that inefficiently recover residual costs through volumetric charges creates substantial income distributional effects. Specifically, rooftop solar PV adoption under such tariffs increases average expenditures substantially for non-adopters, which tend to be predominately lower income customers. At high penetrations of rooftop solar PV inefficient rates can increase average expenditures for non-adopting customers by as much as 80%. Efficient tariffs prevent this regressive cost shifting. Further, we find that under moderate PV adoption low-income consumers may be better off under a tariff that recovers residual costs through fixed charges—a rate design often criticized for being regressive in nature. In short, failing to reform residential electricity rates may lead to worse distributional outcomes than reforming rates, even if reforms are implemented naively.
Bacinella, a discrete type of Mesozoic calcimicrobial structure

The controversy surrounding Bacinella irregularis Radoicic, 1959, and Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott, 1956, has involved both sedimentologists and paleontologists. Arguments to exclude them from the Codiaceae are reviewed. The same arguments may be advanced to exclude their ascription to most other organisms. The only hypothesis resisting all elements of disproof is that of a consortium involving microbial communities. Accordingly, these structures are treated here as biosedimentary structures, namely bacinella structures, and not as taxa. One of the features specific to the organisms that built these structures is their strong corroding ability, as shown by the examples of fossils partly or fully cannibalized. This represents one state of corrosion beyond surficial etching and borings. Besides their capacity to corrode calcareous substrates, these microbial organisms formed nodules or oncoids and even built biostromes, which, depending on their stage of development, may have formed soft, firm or even hard substrates. However, to our knowledge, microbial communities contributing to bacinella structures never built up any bioherm. To complete this summary review, a building-block model that coherently takes into account most architectural variations is presented in the form of a figure sketch. The endolithic foraminifer Troglotella incrustans, which is commonly found associated with bacinella structures, is not an encruster or a borer. Lastly, contrary to certain erroneous hypotheses, no major bacinella episode has been ever found coeval with any significant Oceanic Anoxic Event.
Inter-CESTI: Methodological and Technical Feedbacks on Hardware Devices Evaluations

The aim of the current article is to provide both methodological and technical feedback on the “Inter-CESTI” challenge organized by ANSSI in 2019 with all 10 ITSEFs licensed for the French CSPN scheme. The purpose of this challenge is to evaluate their approaches to attack a common target representative of the “Hardware devices with boxes” domain, which groups products containing embedded software and combines hardware and software security elements. The common target chosen was the open-source and open-hardware project WooKey, presented at SSTIC 2018 [30, 31]. It is a relevant test vehicle both in terms of software and hardware due to its architecture and threat model. The article aims to capitalize on the feedback from the challenge, with a focus on the hardware and software tests that the labs were able to conduct in a white box setting, as well as the identified attack paths.
Predictors of Thrombocytopenia After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Retrospective Study at a Single Japanese Center

Yasutaka Yamada (  sj8919@cc.saga-u.ac.jp ) Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-5516 Daisuke Miura Department of Anesthesia, Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN, Saga, Japan Ayako Takamori Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan Eijiro Nogami Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saga Medical Hospital, Saga, Japan Junji Yunoki Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saga Medical Hospital, Saga, Japan Yoshiro Sakaguchi Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
Poverty Response to the Household Type of Elderly and Old-Age Pension

This paper investigates the effect of household type and old-age pension on poverty in Ghana. Primary data was collected from households with the elderly across six Districts in the country. A binary logistic regression estimation was used for the analyses. The result shows that whereas there was 14.4 times probability of being poor by living in an elderly only household, there is a 2.2 times probability of being poor in a household of the elderly and working-age person. The findings also show that the probability of a pension recipient being poor was 0.143 times less likely as compared to those that were not. Thus, there was a significant negative relationship between receipt of old-age pension and poverty. The study recommends that public policy on old age poverty alleviation must include pension provisions while those that use basic salary should consider using gross salary for pension calculation.
Gender Differentiation In Wages In Kazakhstan

This paper represents the empirical analysis of existing gender differentiation in labour income in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research is performed on micro data of annual tests of households conducted by the Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of the National Economy of the Republic Kazakhstan. On the whole, scales of gender differences in wages in the Kazakhstan labour market are comparable with similar evaluations in other countries. In Kazakhstan, the proportion of wages of women to men is 69%. For the last 15 years, the reduction of difference in the salary, by gender, was caused by changes in the gender structure of employment. The results of the evaluation of the segregation indexes testify about the recess of the situation connected with segregation of the labour market in Kazakhstan. <br><br>A decomposition of the distinction in annual average labour incomes between men and women, carried out by the method of Oaxaka-Blinder, showed that gender segregation explains that more than thirds of observable differences in wages between men and women. This is not offset by the higher level of accumulated human capital of women. However, 80% of gender distinctions in wages remain unexplained, apart from being related to the existing discrimination against women in the labour market in Kazakhstan.
Women’s Cultural Attendance in Istanbul: Why So Low?

This paper investigates the possible determinants of attendance at cultural and artistic events in Istanbul, Turkey, which was designated one of Europe’s cultural capitals in 2010. The unique data set used in this study was drawn from a representative sample of households in Istanbul by selecting one individual over the age of 18 from each household for interview. A professional research company in Istanbul used clustered random sampling to collect information from 100 main and 100 substitute clusters from the Istanbul area. Zero-inflated negative binomial methodology was used to analyze the determinants of attendance at different cultural events in Istanbul. In the regression analysis, we grouped all cultural activities into two categories for the dependent variables: “cultural heritage” and “performing arts and cinema”. The performing arts and cinema category comprised six activities (theatre, cinema, opera-ballet-modern dance, classical music concerts, rock-pop-jazz concerts, classical Turkish folk arabesque concerts) while other activities were included in the cultural heritage category. We found very similar results to previous studies regarding many determinants of cultural attendance. Contrary to most previous results, however, which are derived from representative samples from Western countries, we found strong negative gender effects and differences in female cultural participation depending on the type of activity. Gender determinants of cultural participation have been addressed in two main ways: as one more variable in the “mixed factors” category or as a manifestation of gender roles and social norms. Other things being equal, being a woman increases the probability of never having participated in more social cultural events (the going-out dimension of cultural attendance). We therefore recommend policies to empower women’s participation in and sharing of cultural activities.
Plant species richness or soil fertility: which affects more the productivity of Scots pine in Central Europe?

It has been highlighted that forest productivity is related both to species richness and to soil fertility; however, thus far it has not been investigated which of these agents is more important for the productivity. The goal of this study was to examine this problem with regard to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in Central Europe. The study was conducted in 129 plots located in SW Poland. The productivity of even-aged pine stands was estimated based on site index. Plant species richness was investigated regarding the total richness as well as the richness referring to particular forest strata (overstorey, understorey, herb layer). Soil fertility was studied regarding the nutrients’ stocks, the contents of fine-textural classes, pH, the TOC content and the values of Soil Trophic Index. The importance of the variables for the site index was examined using Spearman correlations and the stepwise regression. Productivity of the studied stands was predominantly correlated stronger to species richness than to soil properties being related to its fertility. The higher importance for the productivity of soil variables than of species richness was exclusively found for the poorest plots being represented by Podzols. This study highlights the high importance of species richness occurring in particular forest strata for the forest stand productivity, which could involve consequences for forest economy as well as for CO2 sequestration. Thus, the research delivers strong argument for the conversion of pine mono-stands occurring in Central Europe for mixed forests.
Solar radiation and solar radiation driven cycles in warming and freshwater discharge control seasonal and inter‐annual phytoplankton chlorophyll a and taxonomic composition in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen)

Fjords on the west coast of Spitsbergen experience variable Arctic and Atlantic climate signals that drive seasonal and inter‐annual variability of phytoplankton productivity and composition, by mechanisms that are not fully resolved. To this end, a time series (2013–2018) of Kongsfjorden (N 78°54.2, E 11°54.0) phytoplankton pigments, ocean physics, nutrient concentrations, and microbial abundances was investigated. Kongsfjorden phytoplankton dynamics were predominantly governed by solar radiation and cycles of warming and freshwater discharge that caused pronounced changes in light and nutrient availability. Phytoplankton growth after the polar night commenced in March in a mixed, nutrient loaded water column, and accelerated in April after weak thermal stratification. Spring (weeks 10–22) showed high diatom relative abundance that ceased when silicic acid and nitrate reached limiting concentrations. Summer (weeks 23–35) was characterized by sixfold stronger stratification due to increased freshwater discharge and continued ocean heating. This caused a warm, low salinity surface layer with low nutrient concentrations. Small and diverse flagellates, together with high bacterial and viral abundances, thrived in this regenerative, N or P‐limited system. Elevated late summer chlorophyll a (Chl a), and ammonium suggested increased regeneration and nutrient pulses by glacial upwelling. Fall (weeks 36–48) caused rapidly declining Chl a and increasing diatom relative abundance, which persisted throughout the polar night, causing high diatom relative abundance during spring. Despite inter‐annual variability in ocean temperature and salinity we observed relatively stable seasonal phytoplankton taxonomic composition and Chl a.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF TAILORED WEB VS. TAILORED TELEPHONE-BASED INTERVENTIONS TO INCREASE COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG WOMEN RUNNING TITLE: Cost-Effectiveness of CRC Screening Interventions

School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 2 Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 3 School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 4 Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 5 Division of Population Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 6 Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 7 Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
Monetary and Macroprudential Policy Complementarities: Evidence from European Credit Registers

We document that there are strong complementarities between monetary policy and macroprudential policy in shaping the evolution of bank credit. We use a unique loan-level dataset comprising multiple credit registers from several European countries and different types of loans, including corporate loans, mortgages and consumer credit. We merge this rich information with borrower and bank-level characteristics and with indicators summarising macroprudential and monetary policy actions. We find that monetary policy easing increases both bank lending and lending to riskier borrowers, especially when there is a more accommodative macroprudential environment. These effects are stronger for less capitalised banks. Results apply to both household and firm lending, but they are stronger for consumer and corporate loans than for mortgages. Finally, for firms, the overall increase in bank lending induced by an accommodative policy mix is stronger for more (ex ante) productive firms than firms with high ex ante credit risk, except for banks with low capital.
XL-WSD: An Extra-Large and Cross-Lingual Evaluation Framework for Word Sense Disambiguation

Transformer-based architectures brought a breeze of change to Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), improving models' performances by a large margin. The fast development of new approaches has been further encouraged by a well-framed evaluation suite for English, which has allowed their performances to be kept track of and compared fairly. However, other languages have remained largely unexplored, as testing data are available for a few languages only and the evaluation setting is rather matted. In this paper, we untangle this situation by proposing XL-WSD, a cross-lingual evaluation benchmark for the WSD task featuring sense-annotated development and test sets in 18 languages from six different linguistic families, together with language-specific silver training data. We leverage XL-WSD datasets to conduct an extensive evaluation of neural and knowledge-based approaches, including the most recent multilingual language models. Results show that the zero-shot knowledge transfer across languages is a promising research direction within the WSD field, especially when considering low-resourced languages where large pre-trained multilingual models still perform poorly. We make the evaluation suite and the code for performing the experiments available at https://sapienzanlp.github. io/xl-wsd/.
Biodiversity and integration of ecological characteristics of species in spatial pattern analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Assessment of biodiversity is a key factor in understanding of function and ecosystem management. Nevertheless, an operating procedure for assessing biodiversity and spatial pattern has not been established yet. Therefore, this empirical study was conducted to explore the role of diversity of species in the spatial patterning of tow shrub herbaceous communities. METHODS: First, the biodiversity analysis was performed by Past3 software to compare the relationship between the two communities. Secondly, the distance and quadrat indices were employed to explore the spatial relationship of dominant species with diversity. In this regard, 64 and 84 plant species recorded in two vegetation types were investigated. Distribution patterns were extracted by distance and quadrat indices and Ecological Methodology software. FINDINGS: The results showed that vegetation type 2 had more diversity and richness compared to vegetation type 1. Besides, the spatial distributions of dominant species (Astragalus gossipinus and Bromus tomentellus) in the two vegetation types were clumped and random with tendency to be clumped. The Scrophulariaceae, Malvaceae, Papaveraceae, and Euphorbiaceae families were not found in vegetation Type 1, and vegetation Type 2 had no species of the Boraginaceae, Rosaceae, Thumeliaceae, Capparidaceae, Oleaceae, Sistaceae, and Dispaceae families. The results showed significant differences in the number of Gaminae and Legominosea families between the two vegetation types. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that in communities with a dominant cover of shrub, the distribution pattern was clumped, and quadrat indices were less efficient than distance indices. While, in high-diversity communities with a predominant cover of gross, spatial distribution was random and distance and quadrat indices were more convergent. ==========================================================================================COPYRIGHTS©2021 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. ==========================================================================================
Adverse Effect of Rainfall on the Efficacy of some Fungicides Used to Control Chocolate Spot of Faba Bean (Vicia faba)

Fungicides are subject to adverse effect of different environmental factors especially wash up by rainfall, which on one side decreases the efficacy of the applied fungicide and in turn the need to repeat the fungicide application which increases the production costs , and on other side the washed fungicides get into soil, in water streams and pollute the environment. Four fungicides (Amistar Top, Topsin-M70, Rovral and Tridex) represent four different fungicides groups were tested on faba bean, to represent the winter crops in Egypt, and to control chocolate spot disease under field conditions. The four fungicides were applied four times at the recommended dose, after the second fungicides application, the plots were exposed to different artificial rainfall amounts (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 mm) after different periods of the fungicide application (6, 12, 24, or 48 hr.). All the tested fungicides resulted in significant decrease of chocolate spot disease severity with different degrees. Amistar Top was the most effective one followed by Topsin-M70 then Rovral and Tridex was the lowest effective one. All the tested fungicides showed decreased fungicide efficacy as a result of exposure of the plants to rainfall; this fungicide efficacy reduction was correlated negatively with the time between the fungicide application and the rainfall; and positively with the rainfall amount. Amistar Top and Topsin-M70 were the least rainfall affected, followed by Rovral, and Tridex was worst affected one. Statistically, the effect of the time on the efficacy of the fungicides Amistar Top, Topsin-M70, Rovral, and Tridex was in descending order when this factor reacts in interaction with the other factor, while the effect of rainfall amount was nearly at the same trend; similar trend was noticed too, in case of the effect of time alone, without any interaction with the other factor, but the effect of the amount of rainfall alone without any interaction with the other factor was in ascending order; which indicates that, systemic fungicides efficacy is rainfall time and amount dependent, while nonsystemic fungicides are likely to be more rainfall amount dependent as time dependent. Four prediction equations were generated for the four tested fungicides to predict the loss of fungicide efficacy as a result of exposure of the fields to certain amount of rainfall after certain time of the fungicide application; and help to make the right decision if it is important to repeat the fungicide application or not; avoiding the unnecessary reapplication of the fungicides. Key wards: Faba bean, chocolate spot, disease severity, rainfall and fungicides efficacy. ——— ——————————  ——————————————
DETECTION OF PATHOGENICITY MARKERS PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA CAUSING SKIN INFECTION

This study aimed to determine the P.aeruginosa that causes skin infection by detecting of pathogenisity markers. Bacterial isolated and identificated phenotypically and genotypically, as well as detects the pathogenicity markers encoding genes producing from P.aeruginosa by using PCR techniques. One hundred twenty clinical specimens were collected from patients suffering from different clinical infections during the period from September 2014 to January 2015 in AL-Sadder Medical city. The identification of the P.aeruginosa isolates depended on colonial morphology, microscopic examination and biochemical tests. P.aeruginosa had the ability to produce capsule, biofilm , adhesion, protease, bacteriocin, haemolysin, -lactamase and gelatinase. Regard to molecular study the outcome showed that 24 (100%) of P. aeruginosa isolates carrying lasB gene, 24(100%) carrying aprA, 23(95%) carrying plcH while 13(54%) carrying algD. To conclusion that P. aeruginosa able to produce sever pathogenicity markers which responsible for pathogenicity of P.aeruginosa infections.
Grafting of a chiral Mn(III) complex on graphene oxide nanosheets and its catalytic activity for alkene epoxidation

A chiral Mn(III) complex supported by a covalent grafting method on modified graphene oxide was synthesized using 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as a reactive surface modifier. The heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectra, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The catalytic potential of the heterogeneous catalyst and comparison with its homogeneous counterpart were studied for enantioselective epoxidation of various alkenes using m-chloroperbenzoic acid as an oxidant and it showed high selectivity and comparable catalytic reactivity with its homogeneous analogue. In addition, higher enantioselectivity and higher yield were observed in the presence of 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide and pyridine N-oxide, respectively. The catalyst was reused for several runs without significant loss of activity and selectivity.
Statistical Analysis of the Ricker Model

The Ricker model was introduced in the context of managing fishing stocks. It is a discrete non-linear iterative model given by $N(t+1)=rN(t)\exp(-N(t))$ where $N(t)$ is the population at time $t$. The model treated in this paper includes a random component $N(t+1)=rN(t)\exp(-N(t)+\varepsilon(t+1))$ and what is observed at time $t$ is a Poisson random variable with parameter $\varphi N(t)$. Such a model has been analysed using `synthetic likelihood' and ABC (Approximate Bayesian Computation). In contrast this paper takes a non-likelihood approach and treats the model in a consistent manner as an approximation. The goal is to specify those parameter values if any which are consistent with the data.