Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anger level and related factors in patients presenting to the emergency department

Aim: According to reasons for admission, unnecessary patient population increases burden on emergency services and prevents real emergency patients from receiving medical care. Emergency departments frequently encounter acts of violence in various forms as a result of uncontrolled anger. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate anger levels and associated factors in patients presenting to the hospital emergency department. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who presented to the emergency department of the hospital. The sample size was calculated as 320 using the minimum sampling size formula used when there are an unknown number of individuals in a system. The questionnaire form comprised of two sections. The first section included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and various emergency situations; in the second section, the Anger Expression Scale and State-Trait Anger Scale, in which validity and reliability for our country was conducted by Özer (1994), was used. When analyzing the data, student’s t-test and one-way variance analysis test was used for independent samples. Results: The mean age of the individuals who participated in the study was 39.08±18.09 years. While 59.1% of patients preferred emergency admission due to fast medical care, 44.7% had a condition that required emergency assistance. In the comparison of mean state-trait anger and anger expression scores according to degree of urgency, mean state-trait anger scores were 21.75±5.42 in very urgent patients, 20.48±4.80 in urgent patients, and 20.25±5.96 in non-urgent patients (p>0.05); mean anger expression subscores were 18.07±2.88 in very urgent patients, 17.09±2.80 in urgent patients, and 16.47±3.04 in non-urgent patients. Conclusion: Parallel to increased urgency, it was observed that state-trait anger levels were increased and anger expression subdimension was more frequently used. This suggests that individuals worrying about their health will be angrier and reflect their anger to those around them more often.
Functional Dimension and Social Capital in Urban Spaces of Tehran; Case Studies: Sa’adat Abad, Nazi Abad, and Narmak Neighborhoods

The neighborhood has long found its social dynamism dependent on its spaces and places. On the one hand, it seems that the interactions and relationships of the residents are formed in the public spaces of the neighborhood, and on the other hand, the public spaces of the neighborhood find their identity from the existing social life. Hence, differences between the functional structure of neighborhoods can lead to changes in the social capacities of the neighborhood. The methodology of the current study was qualitative and aimed to identify the relationship between the components of the functional dimension and the social capital of Tehran residents. In a descriptive-correlational design, 300 residents of the Sa’adat Abad, Nazi Abad, and the Narmak neighborhoods were selected by simple random sampling and answered a self-regulation questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between all components of the functional dimension and social capital in general. The mixed land use dimension had the most relationship with social capital, and the use of space in responding to the needs and efficiency of the network and comfort in space were ranked next. Regarding the relationship between the components of functional dimension and social capital by neighborhood, the results showed that Sa’adat Abad neighborhood had the lowest relationship and Nazi Abad and Narmak neighborhoods had the highest relationship. Assessing these relationships can help urbanism experts provide solutions to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of urban public spaces and interventions to increase social capital.
Women's Health Decline Following (Some) Unintended Births: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND As many as one-in-three unintended births occur in Africa. These births have the potential to adversely impact women's health, but data and design limitations have complicated efforts to understand their consequences. Moreover, there is growing evidence that women often feel happy about an unintended pregnancy and this heterogeneity may be important for identifying the births that are - and those that are not - harmful to women's health. OBJECTIVE To assess whether having an unintended birth precipitates health declines for young women in a high-fertility, high-morbidity context, and whether women's emotional reaction to the pregnancy foreshadows the consequences of the resulting birth. METHODS We use closely spaced panel data from 896 young women in Malawi that include prospective measures of fertility timing desires captured only months before conception and a contemporaneous measure of emotional reaction to the pregnancy. We run lagged dependent variable regression models of self-rated health that account for health and sociodemographic conditions prior to pregnancy and compare women with unintended births to women with intended births and to an alternative comparison group: women who avoid an unintended birth. We then disaggregate unintended births by women's emotional reaction after learning of the pregnancy. RESULTS Women who had an unintended birth but initially had a positive reaction to the pregnancy did not experience a decline in health after birth. Women who had a more negative reaction, however, experienced marked reductions in self-rated health, even years after the birth. CONTRIBUTION Our findings highlight meaningful heterogeneity in the consequences of unintended fertility for women's health and offer insights into the unintended births that put women at greatest risk of health decline.
(Mis)informed During COVID-19: How Education Level and Information Sources Contribute to Knowledge Gaps

As COVID-19 swept across the globe, disrupting people’s lives through lockdowns and health concerns, information about how to stay safe and how to identify symptoms spread across media of all forms. Using survey data we collected in April 2020 on a national sample of Americans, we tested the knowledge gap hypothesis by examining how people’s education levels relate to their knowledge about COVID-19 as well as their susceptibility to fake news, and whether information sources moderate this relationship. Our findings suggest that a knowledge gap exists, with those with higher education levels displaying higher levels of knowledge. In contrast, education level did not play a role in believing false information. Moreover, higher news consumption through radio, print newspapers and magazines, and especially social media was associated with lower levels of knowledge and more fake news beliefs. However, news media consumption did not moderate the relationship between education and either knowledge or fake news beliefs, meaning that the media did not explain the education-based knowledge gap during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fractionation of Cynara cardunculus L. by Acidified Organosolv Treatment for the Extraction of Highly Digestible Cellulose and Technical Lignin

One of the primary targets for the new lignocellulosic feedstock-based biorefinery is the simultaneous valorization of holocellulose and lignin. Acidified organosolv treatment is among the most promising strategy for recovering technical lignin, water-soluble hemicellulose, and cellulose pulp with increased accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes. In this work, a design-of-experiment (DoE) approach was used to increase the cellulose recovery, digestibility, and the delignification of Cynara cardunculus L. feedstock. In the first treatment, the milled biomass was subjected to microwave-assisted extraction using an acidified GVL/water mixture to separate lignin and hemicellulose from cellulose. In the second treatment, the cellulose pulp was hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes to demonstrate the enhanced digestibility. At the optimal condition (154 °C, 2.24% H2SO4, and 0.62 GVL/water ratio), the cellulose pulp showed a cellulose content of 87.59%, while the lignin content was lower than 8%. The cellulose recovery and digestibility were equal to 79.46% and 86.94%, respectively. About 40% of the initial hemicellulose was recovered as monosaccharides. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the two-step organosolv treatment for biomass fractionation; however, as suggested by DoE analysis, a confirmative study at a low temperature (<154 °C) should be performed to further increase the cellulose recovery.
Scalable and Highly Efficient Mesoporous Wood‐Based Solar Steam Generation Device: Localized Heat, Rapid Water Transport

Solar steam generation is regarded as one of the most sustainable techniques for desalination and wastewater treatment. However, there has been a lack of scalable material systems with high efficiency under 1 Sun. A solar steam generation device is designed utilizing crossplane water transport in wood via nanoscale channels and the preferred thermal transport direction is decoupled to reduce the conductive heat loss. A high steam generation efficiency of 80% under 1 Sun and 89% under 10 Suns is achieved. Surprisingly, the crossplanes perpendicular to the mesoporous wood can provide rapid water transport via the pits and spirals. The cellulose nanofibers are circularly oriented around the pits and highly aligned along spirals to draw water across lumens. Meanwhile, the anisotropic thermal conduction of mesoporous wood is utilized, which can provide better insulation than widely used super‐thermal insulator Styrofoam (≈0.03 W m−1 K−1). The crossplane direction of wood exhibits a thermal conductivity of 0.11 W m−1 K−1. The anisotropic thermal conduction redirects the absorbed heat along the in‐plane direction while impeding the conductive heat loss to the water. The solar steam generation device is promising for cost‐effective and large‐scale application under ambient solar irradiance.
The Gastric Cancer Stem Cells and Resistance for Chemotherapy Therapy

Gastric cancer remains a major global health threat, and most patients with advanced stage disease require chemotherapy. Resistance to therapy is a major obstacle in the management of gastric cancer, which may be due to cancer stem cells that are defined as “cancer cells within a tumor that possess the capacity for self-renewal and that can cause the heterogeneous lineage of cancer cells that constitute the tumor. ” Gastric cancer stem cells exhibit characteristic biomarkers, signaling pathways, and crosstalk networks with tumor microenvironment. Targeting of these characteristics, which play important roles in cancer stem cells resistance, may provide new therapeutic modalities for gastric cancer.
The effect and correlation of pack years of smoking on the hematological parameters, lipid profile and coagulation profile: A case control study

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is considered a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer. Objectives: To compare the Complete Blood Count, Lipid Profile and Coagulation profile (PT, aPTT) in the smokers and non-smokers and to study the correlation of pack years of smoking with the above parameters. Methodology: The study was a case control study (110 smokers as cases and 110 non smokers as controls). The cases were grouped into mild smokers (<5 pack years), moderate smokers (5-10 pack years) and heavy smokers (>10 pack years). A complete blood count including Differential leucocyte count, Lipid Profile and Coagulation profile was done. Observation and Results: The RBC count and TLC were significantly elevated, however, MCV and MCH were significantly reduced in the smokers with a p value <. 05. The S. cholesterol and LDL values were raised in the smokers (168.58±39.95 versus 157.71±35.94) and (103.92±35.01 versus 93.86±29.76) respectively. A significant difference was found in the TLC, S. cholesterol and S. Triglyceride values among the mild, moderate and severe smokers with p values 0.023, 0.022, 0.014 respectively. A significant positive correlation of pack years of smoking with TLC, S. Cholesterol, S. triglyceride and a PTT was also noted with correlation coefficients 0.320 ( p = 0.023) ,0.21( p=0.027), 0.230(0.015) and 0.379 (p= 0.0004) respectively. Conclusion:A significantly increased RBC count and TLC, however reduced MCV and MCH was noted in smokers. Also the smokers were associated with a significant positive correlation of S. Chol, S. TG with increasing pack years of smoking. The coagulation profile (aPTT) was also affected in the smokers with a strong positive correlation with increasing pack years of smoking. Thus the monitoring of the hematological parameters like TLC, RBC and lipid profile (S. Chol and S.TG) and aPTT would help in early intervention and thus reducing the morbidity and mortality due to smoking.
A Power Electronic Traction Transformer for a Medium Voltage DC Electric Railway System

Power Electronic Traction Transformers (PETT) are a trend in railway traction because of higher power density and efficiency. A PETT system achieves this by having Medium Frequency Transformers (MFT) in their converter modules as galvanic isolation. The latest PETT systems use Wide Band Gap (WBG) semiconductors to further increase system efficiency. All state-of-the-art PETT systems are developed for the Medium Voltage (MV) AC Railway Electrification Systems (RES). This work however, proposes a PETT system for a novel MV DC RES. In another article, we already studied, evaluated and presented different state of the art PETT topologies to choose an optimal one for this application. The paper will present simulation results for an 8-module Input Series Output Parallel (ISOP) MVDC PETT system capable of 1.2MW of total power. The converter topology used in the modules is Dual Active Bridge (DAB). In this paper, a decoupling method is also deduced for 8 modules to control each module separately. Results show how modules with different initial capacitor voltage are self-balancing and stabilizing at the same input voltage value. The results and theoretical notions obtained in this project will lay the foundation of a novel smart MVDC RES.
Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging

The maintenance of mitochondrial integrity is critical for muscle health. Mitochondria, indeed, play vital roles in a wide range of cellular processes, including energy supply, Ca2+ homeostasis, retrograde signaling, cell death, and many others. All mitochondria-containing cells, including skeletal muscle cells, dispose of several pathways to maintain mitochondrial health, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial-derived vesicles, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission process shaping mitochondrial morphology), and mitophagy—the process in charge of the removal of mitochondria though autophagy. The loss of skeletal muscle mass (atrophy) is a major health problem worldwide, especially in older people. Currently, there is no treatment to counteract the progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging, a process termed sarcopenia. There is increasing data, including our own, suggesting that accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria contributes to the development of sarcopenia. Impairments in mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy were recently proposed to contribute to sarcopenia. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the role played by mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in skeletal muscle health and in the development of sarcopenia. We also highlight recent studies showing that enhancing mitophagy in skeletal muscle is a promising therapeutic target to prevent or even treat skeletal muscle dysfunction in the elderly.
Possible risk factors of sinus membrane perforation during sinus floor elevation: A retrospective study

Aim: To investigate risk factors causing sinus membrane perforation during sinus floor elevation (SFE) performed with lateral window technique and to evaluate the sinus membrane health after SFE via Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 33 patients with sinus membrane perforation during SFE and 33 patients without perforation during SFE as a control and a total of 80 CBCTs were evaluated. Patient-related factors (age, sex, smoking) and maxillary sinus-related factors (preoperative membrane thickness, residual bone thickness, postoperative membrane thickness, and postoperative total bone thickness, type of sinus membrane morphology, and presence of septa) were assessed. Results: Preoperative sinus membrane thickness of the perforated group (4.38 ± 6.02 mm) was significantly higher than the non-perforated group (1.74 ± 2.81 mm) (p = 0.02). No significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative membrane thicknesses of the non-perforated and perforated group (p = 0.135 and p = 0.106, respectively). The perforation rate was highest (83.3%) in the group of mucosal thickness ≥4 mm. Membrane perforation was observed in 100% of circumferential and complete type sinus membrane morphology, 80% of polyp type morphology, and 85.7% in irregular type morphology. A relationship was found between the presence of septa and membrane perforation (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The study results show that the presence of septa, age of >55 years, and a sinus membrane thickness of >4 mm are associated with an increased risk of sinus membrane perforation. Perforation did not affect postoperative sinus membrane thickness.
Diversity of Coronavirus Receptors

Several recent surges in COVID-19 cases due to newly emerging variant strains of SARS-CoV-2 with greater transmissibility have highlighted the virus’s capability to directly modulate spike-ACE2 interactions and promote immune evasion by sterically masking the immunogenic epitopes. Recently, there have also been reports of the bidirectional transfer of coronavirus between different animal species and humans. The ability of coronavirus to infect and adapt to a wide range of hosts can be attributed to new variants that modify the molecular recognition profile of the spike protein (S protein). The receptor-binding domain of the spike protein specifically interacts with key host receptor molecules present on the host cell membranes to gain entry into the host and begin the infection cycle. In this review, we discuss the molecular, structural, and functional diversity associated with the coronavirus receptors across their different phylogenetic lineages and its relevance to various symptomatology in the rapid human-to-human infection in COVID-19 patients, tropism, and zoonosis. Despite this seeming diversity of host receptors, there may be some common underlying mechanisms that influence the host range, virus transmissibility, and pathogenicity. Understanding these mechanisms may be crucial in not only controlling the ongoing pandemic but also help in stopping the resurgence of such virus threats in the future.
Executive Optimism and Corporate Decision Making: Evidence from Private Asset Transactions

We investigate almost 4,000 private asset transactions by US REITs and use the exercise of corporate stock options by their CEOs, CFOs and other executive board members to investigate the effect of executive optimism on private-asset deal pricing. Using a twostaged hedonic model, we generate predicted values for all the private asset transactions in the sample, and subsequently compare these predictions with actual purchase prices. If a REIT led by a strongly optimistic CEO is the buyer in a transaction, we find a price premium of around 5.2 to 6.7 percent, while low investor optimism is associated with purchase price discounts of around 12 percent. For CFO optimism, the effects are more pronounced, especially when the CEO and the CFO are both optimistic. We find that investors who diversify across asset types overpay even more, especially if they are highly optimistic. When the CEO and the CFO have diverse outlooks in terms of optimism, we no longer find significant overor underpricing.
Masculine Gender Norms and Adverse Workplace Safety Outcomes: The Role of Sexual Orientation and Risky Safety Behaviors

The current study tested the proposition that higher conformity to masculine gender norms (CMGN) is associated with increased safety risk-taking behaviors, which in turn are related to more accidents, injuries, and higher levels of accident underreporting. Additionally, we proposed that sexual minority status would exacerbate the relationship between conformity to masculine gender norms and safety risk-taking behaviors. Using two-wave lagged survey data obtained from N = 403 working adults, findings supported the proposed moderated-mediation model. High conformity to masculine gender norms was associated with increased safety risk-taking behaviors, accidents, injuries, and accident underreporting. Moreover, the relationship between CMGN and safety-risk-taking behaviors was stronger among homosexual men compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Additionally, safety risk-taking behaviors mediated the relationship between CMGN and safety outcomes. Finally, this indirect effect was stronger among homosexual men. Combined, these findings suggest that CMGN adversely impacts employee safety outcomes via safety-related risk-taking. We discuss these implications as well as the need for interventions designed to decrease risk taking behaviors in light of CMGN, particularly among sexual minorities.
Non-Deal Roadshows, Investor Welfare, and Analyst Conflicts of Interest

Non-deal roadshows (NDRs) are private meetings between management and institutional investors, typically organized by analysts. We find that around NDRs, local institutional investors trade heavily and profitably, while retail trading is significantly less informative. Analysts who sponsor NDRs issue significantly more optimistic recommendations and target prices, coupled with more “beatable” earnings forecasts, consistent with analysts issuing strategically biased forecasts in order to win NDR business. Our results suggest that NDRs result in wealth transfers from small retail investors to large institutional investors and create significant conflicts of interests for the analysts that organize them.
Wideband Slot Array Antenna Fed by Gap Waveguide with Right-Handed Circular Polarization and High Gain

A wideband and high-gain circularly polarized (CP) 16 × 16 array antenna based on gap waveguide technology is presented for millimeter-wave applications at 28 GHz frequency range. Four cavity-backed slots with linear polarized (LP) radiation are used as the subarray. CP is obtained by a 4 × 4 sequential feeding network which is also expanded to achieve high gain. The feeding network of the final array antenna consists of two layers based on the ridge gap waveguide (RGW), and it has four unconnected metal layers. It is shown by simulation that the proposed antenna has 20.5% impedance bandwidth over 25.8–31.7 GHz and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth near 10% over 27.2–30 GHz. In addition, the maximum gain value for this antenna is 31.6 dBi at a frequency of 29 GHz, which shows good performance compared to other structures.