Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lookahead Approximations for Online Learning with Nonlinear Parametric Belief Models

We consider sequential online learning problems where the response surface is described by a nonlinear parametric model. We adopt a sampled belief model which we refer to as a discrete prior. We propose multi-period lookahead policies to overcome the non-concavity in the value of information. For an infinite-horizon problem with discounted cumulative rewards, we prove asymptotic convergence properties under the proposed policies. For finite-horizon problem with undiscounted reward, we analyze the proposed policies through empirical studies in three different settings: a health setting where we make medical decisions to maximize health care response over time, a dynamic pricing setting where we make pricing decisions to maximize the cumulative revenue, and a clinical pharmacology setting where we make dosage controls to minimize the deviation between actual and target effects. We also apply the modelling framework to a real world bidding problem in online advertisement auctions, and formulate it into a finite-horizon state-dependent learning problem, where we have to maximize ad-clicks while learning from noisy responses within a budget constraint. We demonstrate that the multi-period lookahead policies perform competitively against other state-of-the-art policies.
An Optimisation-Driven Prediction Method for Automated Diagnosis and Prognosis

This article presents a novel hybrid classification paradigm for medical diagnoses and prognoses prediction. The core mechanism of the proposed method relies on a centroid classification algorithm whose logic is exploited to formulate the classification task as a real-valued optimisation problem. A novel metaheuristic combining the algorithmic structure of Swarm Intelligence optimisers with the probabilistic search models of Estimation of Distribution Algorithms is designed to optimise such a problem, thus leading to high-accuracy predictions. This method is tested over 11 medical datasets and compared against 14 cherry-picked classification algorithms. Results show that the proposed approach is competitive and superior to the state-of-the-art on several occasions.
REPLACE OR REPAIR? -A study of if fast fashion repair concepts like H&M Take Care can affect the intentions to repair clothing

Overconsumption and an increasing disposal of clothes is a troublesome development in the fast fashion industry, where millennials are major contributors. As there is a need for a major shift towards more sustainable consumption, product-service systems in the shape of in-store repair stations, like Take Care by H&M, is interesting to investigate. Since Take Care’s main target group is young trendy females, their intentions to use such a service has been explored through the use of the theory of planned behaviour. The research questions being answered in this study is; can repair-stations like H&M Take Care affect the intentions to repair clothing among females of the millennial generation? And, are there any thresholds for the success of such a concept? The research questions has been answered through a qualitative research consisting of 20 semi-structured interviews with females of the millennial generation to explain the underlying mechanisms of their behavioural intentions. The research contributes to the existing literature of sustainable consumption, fast fashion, and product-service systems by explaining the behavioural intentions and barriers of a certain generation through an implemented sustainability initiative. The main findings of this research are that price, time and accessibility are the major thresholds in the use of an in-store repair station, but that there is an overall positive attitude toward the implementation of a service of this kind, and the service provider. However, many of the respondents do not feel that they have the need to use such a service. This gives implications for the positive effects of implementing an in-store repair station as a fast fashion retailer, but also raises a concern regarding how much of a need the consumers feel to use it when implemented. Consumers might still not feel a robust enough incentive to choose the environmentally friendly alternative of repairing when simply replacing is so proximate.
Anomaly-Based Network Intrusion Detection System: A Machine Learning Approach

At the present time, anomaly detection has attracted the attention of many researchers to overcome the weakness of signature-based IDSs in detecting novel attacks, and NSL-KDD benchmark data set is the most used in the literature which it was generated a decade ago, therefore, it does not reflect modern network traffic and low footprint attacks. A new data set has been developed named UNSW-NB15 network data set that came to solve the issues of NSL-KDD in which it has been used in this project to evaluate Anomaly-based NIDs by using different machine learning methods such as Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest and particularly an Artificial Neural Network with both binary and multi-class classification that we have discussed their results in details and they have been compared with some previous related works. keywordsNetwork Securtiy; NIDS; UNSW-NB15 data set; Machine learning; Multi Layer Perceptron.
Early casting of femoral shaft fractures in children.

: Twenty-six children with fractures of the femur were entered into a prospective study to determine the efficacy of treating certain of these fractures by early spica cast immobilization. They were compared with 50 consecutive patients with similar fractures who were treated prior to the study to determine the potential cost savings and decrease in patient days in hospital. The clinical results of treatment were compared with results from the literature and the previous group where applicable. Our conclusion from this study is that most femoral shaft fractures in children under 10 years of age can be treated by closed reduction and early spica cast immobilization with results that are at least as good as those achieved by conventional methods, and with a 70% savings in hospital cost. Factors such as obesity, swelling, shortening, comminution, and fracture type can all combine to give relative contraindications for the use of this technique.
Regular teachers' attitudes towards inclusion of students with special needs into ordinary schools in Tbilisi

The study aimed to investigate the attitudes of teachers towards the inclusion of students with special needs into regular schools in Tbilisi. Furthermore, the study examined the attitudes of the teachers in relation to ‘experience’ and ‘no experience’ in inclusive education in order to determine whether there was difference in attitudes of the teachers who had experience in teaching at schools where inclusive education had already been introduced and at schools which do not have such experience. Moreover, the study attempted to ascertain the teachers’ attitudes in relation to gender, teaching experience, teachers’ educational background and school and class size. 300 teachers from inclusive/project schools and from other regular schools were selected to participate in this study. All schools selected were located in the capital of Georgia, Tbilisi. The teachers’ opinions were obtained using a questionnaire. The study also interviewed two inclusive education specialists at the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia in order to obtain information regarding the implementation of inclusive education in the country. The data obtained by the questionnaire was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The data analysis indicated overall positive attitudes among teachers towards the inclusion of learners with special needs into regular schools. The results also indicated that there was no statistical difference in attitudes towards inclusion in relation to ‘experience’ and ‘no experience’ in teaching at schools with inclusive education. The high statistical difference was indicated in attitudes in relation to working experience with children with special needs. Those teachers who worked at schools which had children with special needs were more positive to inclusion. Also teachers who had children with special needs in their classes were more positive to the philosophy of inclusion. Further, the results revealed differences in attitudes in relation to gender indicating that female teachers were more positive to include children with special needs than their male colleagues. The tendency of being
Prevalence of Adverse Reactions in Nuclear Medicine

UNLABELLED This investigation sought to determine the prevalence of adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals and to nonradioactive drugs used in interventional nuclear medicine. We also tabulated all adverse reactions reported to manufacturers of radiopharmaceuticals commercially available in the United States. METHODS A prospective 5-yr study was performed of 18 collaborating institutions using a questionnaire which enumerated monthly the number of procedures used and adverse reactions noted. An algorithm to determine the level of etiologic probability of an adverse reaction from an administered radiopharmaceutical was developed. We reviewed all available literature on adverse reactions in nuclear medicine. RESULTS During this period, 783,525 radiopharmaceutical and 67,835 nonradioactive drug administrations were analyzed. Ten of the 18 adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals were rashes. No patient experiencing an adverse reaction to a radiopharmaceutical required hospitalization or had significant sequelae. Reproducibility of the adverse reactions algorithm was validated by independent evaluation of 30 adverse reaction reports from the U.S. Pharmacopeia-Society of Nuclear Medicine adverse reaction reporting system. All adverse reactions to 49 commercially available radiopharmaceuticals were tabulated and referenced. CONCLUSION Radiopharmaceuticals have an excellent safety record. An algorithm to evaluate putative radiopharmaceutical reactions is highly reproducible.
Signs of Heritage—An Agent-Based Model of the Dynamics of Heritage Categories

In recent times, heritage has become a key focus of socio-economic concern due to its connections to history, nationalism, and, especially, tourism. It has been highlighted as having major consequences for the sociocultural engagement of local populations. The notion that tourism transforms local heritage through the categorization of local realities has become particularly widespread. However, the specific mechanism through which these transformations occur has remained unformalized in cultural heritage studies. This has resulted in a lack of computational approaches to the issue of heritage categorization, which can connect with other issues of tourism promotion and management. In this article, we conceptualize the cultural dynamics of heritage, such as changes in the categories used to signify heritage, and design and analyze a dedicated computational agent-based model of heritage engagement. Here, we seek to explore the role of communicative strategies, as they relate to social groups, as well as the specific topologies of interaction networks. We attempt to understand what role mediation, such as that produced by online platforms, can play in producing different levels of consensus between tourists. The results suggest that topology plays the greatest role in generating consensus in the evolution of heritage meaning, with different patterns emerging according to the communicative strategies employed. The results have implications for the future direction of the study of heritage and heritage modeling, placing emphasis on the need to analyze tourist communication content, as well as being potentially useful for public policy with regard to heritage management.
Impression Change on Nonverbal Non-Humanoid Robot by Interaction with Humanoid Robot

Even if a robot is not designed with a specific impression, if there is a means that can add an impression later to the robot, it will be useful for social robot design, we considered. In particular, anthropomorphism seems to be an important impression of designing social interaction between humans and robots. In the movie, ”STAR WARS,” there is a non-humanoid robot, called R2-D2, which communicates mainly by sounds. A humanoid interpreter robot, called C-3PO, responds to the sound of R2-D2 with natural language and gesture. And the audience finds the personality in R2-D2 richer than the personality which is based on the information which R2-D2’s sounds have. It might be possible to change the impression of a non-humanoid robot emitting simple sounds by communication with a humanoid robot that speaks a natural language and make gestures. We conducted an impression evaluation experiment. In the condition where robots are interacting, the observer evaluated anthropomorphism of the nonhumanoid robot more than in the non-interacting condition. There were also some other impressions that have changed.
The effects of video feedback on students’ situational interest in gymnastics

ABSTRACT Although many studies in physical education and in gymnastics have revealed the positive impact of video feedback on students’ motivation, no study has considered the effects of video feedback use on students’ situational interest (SI). However, SI is typically viewed as a powerful motivator for students when they are engaged in a specific activity such as analysing video feedback. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of video feedback use on students’ SI. Participants were 361 secondary school students who practised technical skills in gymnastics. They were assigned to three groups comparing various conditions of video feedback. They responded to the French 19-item SI scale after practising the learning tasks. A multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare SI scores between the three groups. The results revealed the critical role physical education teachers play when using video feedback to enhance SI in gymnastics lessons.
CD-Based Interactive Multimedia on Integrative Thematic Learning in Elementary School

The purpose of this study was to develop CD-Based Learning Multimedia inIntegrative Thematic Learning in Elementary School. The method used in this study wasresearch and development, CD-Based Interactive Multimedia which was then validatedby thematic concept experts and media experts, the results of this study showed that themultimedia developed has a valid and significant assessment so that multimedia is one ofthe learning media that can be used to deliver material to students very effectively andefficiently.
A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Showing the Benefits of Nutritional and Pharmacological Treatments to Reduce Carotid Intima Media Thickness

Increased carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in young and middle-aged adult cohorts has been followed and associated with the progression of childhood and cardiovascular disease since the early 1970s. The conventional treatment of CIMT elevated above 70% is surgical intervention (carotid endarterectomy or stenting). This article reviews 23 randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of nonsurgical therapies including vitamins (folate and colestipol-niacin) and statins on the reduction of CIMT. All the large-sized folate trials, the colestipol-niacin and statin trials (rosuvastatin, lovastatin, levothyroxine, irbesartan, probucol, fosinopril, and pioglitazone), showed significant reductions in CIMT. These results may have profound implications for healthcare, and additional studies on healthy individuals are needed.
Towards a Design Orientation on Algorithms and Automation in News Production

Abstract This essay responds to the articles in the special issue on “Algorithms, Automation, and News” by reflecting on two thematic threads apparent in the collection: (1) the role of journalistic values in technology, and (2) the hybridization of human and machine effort in news production workflows. I argue that to make further progress in these areas journalism studies should establish a design orientation towards journalistic technology, and seek to develop rigorous evaluation criteria and metrics that can help propel both scholarship and practice forward.
McDonaldʼs Blood Flow in Arteries: Theoretical, Experimental and Clinical Principles

Michael O’Rourke, co-author with Wilmer Nichols of the fourth edition of McDonald’s Blood Flow in Arteries: Theoretical, Experimental and Clinical Principles, deserves recognition for dedicating his long research career to stimulating interest in the study of the mechanical properties of the large arteries. This aspect of the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, particularly as it relates to heart failure and coronary heart disease, has not always received adequate research attention, perhaps because it was considered irrelevant or too simple in comparison with the complexities of cardiovascular regulation. Thus, other concepts such as the dislipidemia theory of the origin of atherosclerosis have dominated the research interests of clinicians, pathologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and geneticists. Another important impediment to clinical pathophysiological research of large artery mechanics is probably the poor propensity towards mathematics and physics shared by clinicians whose cultural formation is often, at least in Europe, humanistic.
POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS SIDE-EFFECTS OF DRUGS AND “BLACK BOX” WARNING SYSTEM

Pharmacovigilance or collecting, monitoring, research, assessment and evaluation of information obtained from the manufacturer, health workers and patients about the adverses of the drugs, biological products, traditional medicines, with the aim to detect new information on the dangers of the drugs as well as prevention of new adverse sideeffects harmful for the patients which is obligatory for the regulatory agencies, authorized by the authorities in almost every country. Modern trends of treating the patients in connection with rising number of new drugs in all pharmaceutical forms on the market demand continued improvement of the pharmacovigilance system with the accent on the feedback information towards the final consumers and doctors who prescribe them. One of very efficient communication tools between the regulation agency and final consumers/prescribers is created and implemented by Food and Drug Administration in the USA (FDA) called “boxed warning” – “black box”. “Black box” warnings are the most serious warnings of FDA on the drugs, which point out potentially fatal, life threatening risks, or disabling side-effects of the drugs. It is named for the black border surrounding the text of the warning. The border was designed to draw attention on the warning and to emphasize it in relation to other information as a part of the drug packing. Looking into the studies monitoring the way the drugs with this kind of warning were used showed that explicit, well-publicized warning can change the prescribing habits of doctors and influence the patients to be more careful in using specific drugs or even classes of drugs. Acta Medica Medianae 2011;50(3):69-73.
Optimal Design of a Rain Gauge Network Models: Review Paper

Improved streamflow forecasting is considered an important task for researchers and water resources managers. However, streamflow forecasting is often challenging owing to the complexity of hydrologic systems. The accuracy of streamflow forecasting mainly depends on the input data from rainfall. Hence, this is important to make the estimation of rainfall as accurate as possible result in achieve an economical design of watershed management, water budget studies, reservoir operation, and flood forecasting and control. Most of the previous research was highlighted, an optimal rain gauge network is necessary to provide high quality rainfall estimates. The goal of this paper is to provide a concise review of several studies on the optimal design of a rain gauge network models to enhance the accuracy of streamflow forecasting. This study had two components. First, the design of an optimal rain gauge network using the kriging-based geostatistical approach based on the variance reduction framework. Second, the uses of optimization technique for minimizing the kriging variance in order to optimize rain gauge networks. Additionally, a discussion of both techniques to design an optimal rain gauge network is presented. A well designed rain gauge network is capable of providing accurate rainfall estimates with an optimal number of rain gauge network density. This paper closes with a set of recommendations for what observations and capabilities are needed in the future to advance our understanding of an optimal rain gauge network design and their location for improving the estimate of aerial rainfall.
Sustainable shoe design and evaluation using kinematic and kinetic analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the compatibility of sustainable shoes made with bacterial cellulosic (BC) non-woven mat integrating with eco-friendly materials, compared with durability and comfort in performance of newly developed sustainable shoes and commercially available leather shoes via users’ wear testing. This study also examined wearers’ perceptions and acceptance in the sustainable shoes, compared with leather shoes via survey questionnaire. The specific research objectives of this study were to: (a) identify a proposed integrated theoretical framework for sustainable shoe design, (b) examine a multi-layered cellulosic material (MCM) by bonding BC non-woven mats, denim fabric, and hemp fabric compared with those of two-layered leathers, multi-layered calf-skin leather and pig-skin leather (MCPL), (c) develop sustainable shoe prototype made of MCM through IsAcT design process, (d) evaluate wearers’ performance in men’s commercial leather shoes comparing with sustainable shoes, and (e) assess wearers’ perceptions and acceptance of the sustainable shoes comparing with the leather shoes. Based on the proposed integrated theoretical framework, for material test hypotheses, these two materials would have similar properties. No significant mean differences were found between MCM and MCPL in total heat loss and break force. The values of air permeability, evaporative potential, and permeability index of MCM were higher than those of MCPL. The findings of this study confirmed the effectiveness of MCM for use as a leather alternative material when developing sustainable shoes and provide insights to the footwear industry. After that, therefore, five pair of sustainable shoes were made with MCM and the other eco-friendly materials (compressed papers and cork materials).
Analyzing Behavior Across Four Simple Economic Games

We present an experiment on the behavior of individual subjects across four simple economic games: ​the Dictator Game, the Ultimatum Bargaining Game, the Trust Game, and the Public Goods Gam​e. Subjects complete the games using the strategy method with role reversal. We thus gather data from each subject that allows us to construct a full decision plan for each role in each game, and we then study the relationships between behavior at the individual subject level in the different games. We find that dictator giving decisions are highly predictive of offers in the ultimatum game, and also of trust game return decisions. We also find strong relationships between behavior in the trust and public good games. Specifically, amounts sent in the trust game are highly predictive of unconditional contributions in the public good game, and demonstrating high reciprocity in the trust game by returning high proportions after receiving a high amount is highly predictive of heavily conditioning public good game contributions on the contributions of others. The finding that choices in individual games are useful for predicting behavior in other games indicates that the decisions that people make in simple economic games have validity and relevance outside of the specific game in which the decisions were made.