Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Dependent Reproductive Development of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae)

ABSTRACT Recent studies to elucidate relationships between the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, and injury to cotton (Gossypium spp.) have identified important differences in feeding behaviors among adults of different gender and reproductive states. These findings suggest a need for improved knowledge of L. hesperus temperature-dependent reproductive development. We used nonlinear biophysical development rate models to describe the reproductive development of adult L. hesperus held under constant temperatures from 12.8 to 35.0°C. In addition, abdominal coloration was measured as a nondestructive indicator of reproductive maturity. The nonlinear models indicated most stages of ovary, seminal vesicle, and medial accessory gland development were subject to mild high-temperature inhibition, except for the stage of filled seminal vesicles. Development of filled seminal vesicles was subject to minor low-temperature inhibition and severe high-temperature inhibition. Estimated development times reflected extensive interindividual variation, especially at low temperatures. This variation suggests the opportunity to select for more rapid or more consistent reproductive development under the conditions of laboratory culture. Although presence of a dark aqua coloration of the ventral abdominal cuticle was statistically associated with reproductive maturity, especially in female L. hesperus, color-based predictions of reproductive maturity were often inaccurate for bugs reared at temperatures above or below 26.7°C. Therefore, use of abdominal coloration as an indicator of reproductive development in ecological studies seems inappropriate. The results provide mathematical descriptions of L. hesperus temperature-dependent reproductive development which should facilitate improved planning and interpretation of studies involving manipulation of adult reproductive status.
Structure of communities of ground‐living spiders along altitudinal gradients

Differences in the altitudinal composition of ground-living spider communities were studied by pitfall trapping in western Norway. These data plus compilations of information from the literature were used to investigate features in the size composition, temporal appearance and spatial distribution of species. Spiders at the highest altitude had the widest distribution both in terms of geographical and altitudinal range. At the lowest altitude species were more often stenochronous than at higher altitudes. The size composition, reflecting food choice of the spiders, tended to be bimodal with increasing altitude. It is argued that small spiders are segregated mainly along the habitat dimension (searchers), while the larger ones are segregated with respect to diel activity patterns and food choice (pursuers). We suggest that mountain spider faunas in temperate regions at high latitudes mainly consist of widely distributed and easily dispersed species.
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This study was carried out to investigate the effects of noisy background on brain activation during a working memory task. Fourteen healthy male subjects underwent silent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans while listening to words presented verbally against quiet (WIS) and noisy (WIN) backgrounds. The stimuli were binaurally presented to the subjects at 70 dB sound pressure level (SPL) in both conditions. Group results indicated signifi cant (p < 0.001) bilateral widespread of brain activations in the primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus and inferior parietal lobes during WIS. Additional signifi cant activation was observed in the middle cingulate cortex and anterior cingulate cortex during WIN, suggesting the involvement of cingulate cortex in working memory processing against a noisy background. The mean percentage of signal change in all regions was higher during WIN as compared to WIS. Right hemispheric predominance was observed for both conditions in primary auditory cortex and middle frontal gyrus and this could be attributed to the increased diffi culty of the tasks. The results obtained from this study demonstrated that background noise increased task demand and diffi culty. Task demand was found to play an important role in determining the activation magnitude in the brain areas during working memory task.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT FROM THE LEAVES OF STACHYTARPHETA INDICA (L) VAHL AND PREMNA CORYMBOSA ROTTL

Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanol extract from the leaves of S tachytarpheta indica (L) vahl . and Premna corymbosa Rottl. Methods: The various photochemicals were analyzed according to the methods described by Allen and Harbone . The total phenolic contents were estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activities of these plants were tested on the basis of ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, Super oxide radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity and Metal chelating activity. Similarly antibacterial activity was performed by Disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pnemoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids and Anthraquinones. The total phenolic contents were more in P. corymbosa (381.10±13.00 mg/g) than S. indica (195.72±8.75 mg/g). The methanol extract of the leaves of P. cormbosa showed significant antioxidant activity, while it was comparatively less in S. indica . Similarly the study on antibacterial activity of these two plant leaves extracts revealed inhibitory activity. However P. corymbosa showed higher inhibitory zone against E. coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeroginosa (18, 17, 16 mm) respectively compared with S . indica . Conclusion: This research work has made it clear that P. corymbosa possess excellent antibacterial and antioxidant activity and the extracts can be more widely used in developing countries for the prevention and treatment of ageing related diseases and may be considered as good source for drug discovery. Keywords: S tachytarpheta indica, Premna corymbosa, Antioxidant, Antibacterial .
Helping Students through Expressive Writing: Effects of Different Types of Writing Instructions on Break-Up Related Distress, Global Perceived Stress, and Self-Esteem

College is often a time of great stress as individuals deal with a wide range of life stressors including social/interpersonal issues (e.g., family strains), money/financial concerns, and of course, academic pressures (Morrison & O’Connor, 2005; Skowron, Wester, & Azen, 2004). When not properly managed, exposure to these life stressors in college often leads not only to academic failure but also to psychological and physiological illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and immunosuppression (Skowron et al., 2004). Furthermore, evidence suggests that for various reasons, college students may be reluctant to take advantage of traditional resources such as counseling centers to help deal with these issues (Boone et al., 2011). It is therefore incumbent upon the research community to investigate the effectiveness of alternative stressreduction programs that may improve the quality of life for college students and decrease the effects of stress on health (Morrison & O’Connor, 2005). One such program, that is both low cost and easily implemented, is the expressive writing paradigm (Pennebaker, 1985). The purpose of this research project is to extend the current body of knowledge concerning the expressive writing paradigm to determine whether this activity can be used as a tool to reduce college students’ stress levels. To that end, two controlled experiments were conducted.
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Agritourism is a consumer-driven innovation that producers are exploring as a means to diversify and grow farm-based revenues. In order to help guide management and policy decisions, we conduct an exploratory spatial data analysis and find that travel infrastructure, region and rurality, characteristics of the local economy, and proximity to outdoor attractions are all significantly associated with the probability of a county being an agritourism hot spot. Mapping our primary spatial analysis’ residuals, we further identify counties with unique agritourism market conditions as a starting point to identify best practices that other regions interested in agritourism development might follow.
Post-Extraction Ridge Preservation Using BioOss, Porcine Collagen Matrix and Immediate Dental Implant Placement: 18-Month follow-Up

1Associate Professor, Director of Implant Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, University of Tennessee School of Dentistry, Memphis, TN, USA 2Professor, Hospital Maternidade Therezinha de Jesus-HMTJ/JF and Suprema-Faculdade Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 3Graduate student, Hospital Maternidade Therezinha de Jesus-HMTJ/JF and Suprema-Faculdade Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 4Master student in Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 5Associate Professor in Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
3. Childrearing in a group setting: Beliefs of Dutch, Caribbean-Dutch, and Mediterranean-Dutch caregivers in center-based child care

Child care centers in Western countries are becoming increasingly culturally diverse, regarding both professional caregivers, and children and their parents. Childrearing beliefs, which differ between cultures, are found to affect process quality and children’s developmental outcomes. The first aim of this study was to investigate cultural differences in caregivers’ cultural childrearing beliefs through a semi-structured interview. The second aim was to explore the relation between the centers’ cultural context and caregivers’ beliefs. Participants were 61 caregivers (20 Dutch, 20 Caribbean-Dutch and 21 Mediterranean-Dutch) working in Dutch child care centers with 2-4-year olds. Cultural differences between Dutch and immigrant caregivers were evident. Dutch caregivers mentioned independence as a socialization goal most, while Mediterranean-Dutch caregivers stressed collectivistic childrearing goals most. More years of experience and a positive orientation towards the Dutch society made caregivers value individualistic childrearing goals more. Working in an ethnically diverse context made both immigrant and Dutch caregivers express collectivistic beliefs more. The results further demonstrated that all cultural groups valued dimensions of both individualism and collectivism, providing further support for the multidimensionality of childrearing beliefs. Huijbregts, S.K. , Tavecchio, L.W. C. , Leseman, P.P.M. , & Hoffenaar, P. (in press). Childrearing in a group setting: Beliefs of Dutch, Caribbean-Dutch, and Mediterranean-Dutch caregivers in center-based care. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology Cultural diversity in center-based childcare
Variability in calling signals of the planthopper Javesella pellucida (F) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in relation to temperature, and consequences for species rec

Substrate transmitted calling-signals of the planthopper Javesella pellucida were recorded at different ambient temperatures. Analysis of temporal patterns showed that most time-related parameters, such as durations and rates, were clearly temperature dependent, whereas the basic structure of the signals remained unaffected. Spectral composition and vibration patterns of single sound elements were found to be extremely variable. The results are discussed with respect to some factors that may contribute to the variation in acoustic signals recorded from planthoppers: behavioural motivation, signal modification during substrate transmission, environmental conditions. An experimental procedure was developed to test the hypothesis, that an effective system of mate recognition in planthoppers would require that distant communication is at least to some extent insusceptible to spatially varying temperature. Females were found to respond remarkably well to play-back of male calling-signals, at temperatures differing by 5°C from the male calling temperature. Temperature differences of 10°C reduced female responsivity by more than fifty per cent. It is concluded that the relevance of temperature dependent parameters to mate recognition in planthoppers is rather limited. Therefore, such parameters, which are often used in describing acoustic differentiation between populations, may not form a proper basis for conclusions on possible acoustic isolation between the populations concerned.
Independent Gametophytes of Hymenophyllum wrightii in North America: Not as Rare as We Thought

Abstract Hymenophyllum wrightii is a filmy fern known primarily from Japan and Korea. In North America, it is known as a sporophyte only in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia, Canada. Rare independent, filmy fern gametophytes found from the late 1950s and onward at a handful of locations in British Columbia and southeastern Alaska were presumed to be H. wrightii. Our 2006 surveys in southeastern Alaska determined that these gametophytes are common within specific habitats, and our survey in 2008 found gametophyte populations on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State—the first report of H. wrightii in the contiguous United States. Samples from gametophyte populations from southeastern Alaska, British Columbia and Washington show no variation in rbcL or rps4-trnS sequence and are similar to sequences from Asian H. wrightii sporophytes, providing corroborating evidence of the identity of these independent gametophyte populations.
Myriolimon, a new name for the recently published Myriolepis (Plumbaginaceae)

The genus Myriolepis (Plumbaginaceae) was recently proposed (Lledo & al., 2003) for two species formerly included in Limonium subgenus Myriolepis (Boiss.) Pignatti: M. ferulacea (L.) Lledo, Erben & M. B. Crespo and M. diffusa (Pourr.) Lledo, Erben & M. B. Crespo. These two taxa were originally placed by Boissier (1848) in their own section of the former genus Statice (nom. rej. vs. Armeria; Greuter & al., 2000: 268), S. sect. Myriolepis Boiss. , and subsequently combined under Limonium sect. Myriolepis (Boiss.) Sauvage & Vindt. This section was thought to be related to other sections of Boissier’s “Corolla gamopetala” group, and accordingly, Pignatti created L. subgenus Myriolepis (Boiss.) Pignatti to include three gamopetalous sections (L. sects. Myriolepis, Siphonantha (Boiss.) Sauvage & Vindt and Polyarthrion (Boiss.) Sauvage & Vindt). Morphological, karyological and phytochemical characters have proved this subgenus to be heterogeneous (Lledo & al., 2003) and L. sect. Myriolepis (sensu stricto) not to be related to the rest of Limonium. The name Myriolepis, meaning “with numerous
The Behavioral Psychology of Elite Decision Making: Implications for Political Cooperation

Social and cognitive scientists have long known that human decision-making follows patterns and is not perfectly rational. Yet much of the evidence about human behavior has come from experimental studies on university students and other masses that are readily available to university professors in large numbers. Such studies have immediate relevance for understanding some kinds of political behavior, such as voting, that involves analogous populations. For many political matters, however, what really matters are decisions by elites, such as politicians and bureaucrats who run national governments and international organizations. They make decisions to craft and adopt legislation, to wage war, offer foreign aid, or join international treaties. The question of whether elites and the masses differ fundamentally in how they make decisions has long been pondered by political philosophers from Thomas Hobbes to Edmund Burke. Contemporary scholars have not much dwelled on how the attributes of political elites compare with everyman; empirical research on this question has been scant, although a series of experimental studies over the last two decades suggest that elites, indeed, are different. 4 Meanwhile, there has been an explosion of scholarship in cognitive psychology and behavioral
The Allocation of Resources to Reproduction in Daphnia Galeata: Against the Odds?

Variation in offspring size is a common phenomenon in many organisms. In cladoceran zooplankton large offspring are known to have a high starvation resistance. One could, therefore, expect offspring to be large at low food levels, whereas at higher food levels the production of more, but smaller, offspring would yield the highest parental fitness. However, in Daphnia galeata I found that individual offspring were smallest at a low food level and largest at intermediate food levels. Moreover, in contrast to the pre dictions made by several theoretical models, I found that large mothers produced larger offspring. The first discrepancy between data and theory could be explained by the existence of a maximum offspring size, combined with the difficulty of Daphnia to produce one egg less than was done in reality. The dependence of offspring size on maternal size could be explained by the higher likelihood of intraspecific competition when large (=old) females are present, and hence higher starvation risks for the offspring. It was found that embryonic respiration was lowest at the lower food levels, and hence the smaller individual egg size seemed to be compensated by lower carbon losses during development. [KEYWORDS: Daphnia; egg number; egg size; even; reproduction Different food levels; egg-size; offspring size; clutch size; fish predation; maternal size; magna straus; cladoceran; investment; number]
REPRODUCTIVE, FAT, AND LIVER CYCLES OF MALE AND FEMALE ROSE-BELLIED LIZARDS, SCELOPORUS VARIABILIS, FROM COASTAL AREAS OF SOUTHERN VERACRUZ, MEXICO

Abstract We studied the reproductive cycles of 350 male and female Sceloporus variabilis from coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, that exhibited continuous reproduction. Males reached sexual maturity at 45 mm snout–vent length (SVL), whereas females reached sexual maturity at 44 mm SVL. Testicular mass varied among months. Testes began to increase in size during April, with maximum sizes reached from May to July. Maximal testicular growth was positively correlated with increasing temperature and photoperiod, but not with precipitation. Females contained vitellogenic follicles and oviductal eggs throughout the year, although maximal egg production occurred from June to January. Forty-two females (40%) had vitellogenic follicles and oviductal eggs simultaneously. Mean clutch size, based on vitellogenic follicles, was similar (mean = 3.7 ± 0.17 SE) to that observed by counting oviductal eggs (mean = 3.7 ± 0.10 SE). Females with a SVL ≥ 51.5 mm ± 0.91 SE had at least 2 clutches. Clutch size was correlated with female SVL. Differences in reproduction found in this study compared with other populations of the same species might be explained by environmental differences at the study sites.
Orientation of Juvenile Wood Frogs, Rana Sylvatica, Leaving Experimental Ponds

Abstract Some amphibians are able to orient toward habitat features, but it is not always clear whether (1) these animals can directly detect the habitat toward which they are moving (e.g., scenting water from a wetland); or (2) they are detecting an indirect cue that is consistently correlated with the location of suitable habitat (e.g., the location of sunrise). In 2004, we translocated 400 Rana sylvatica tadpoles from an isolated population on Sears Island in Maine, where emerging metamorphs travel northeast towards a forested wetland. We placed study animals in arrays consisting of a central artificial pool, with a circular drift fence at 0.2 m from the pool's edge to assess orientation of metamorphs at emergence and a similar fence at 5 m to assess orientation postemergence. Arrays were placed at 10 m and 50 m from a forested wetland, with the wetland cue to the southwest (i.e., the opposite direction of the wetland at Sears Island). Rana sylvatica exhibited significant orientation toward the northeast at the 0.2 m fence, indicating that emerging metamorphs retained the same directionality as at the site where they were hatched. A significant result at the 5 m fence indicated that animals continued to head toward the northeast. These results suggest that the population of Rana sylvatica on Sears Island may rely on indirect cues for orientation. Relying on indirect cues offers less adaptability to changes in habitat such as breeding site loss or road construction, and thus could lead frogs into ecological traps.
Nutritional, Sensory and Anti-Nutritional Properties of Aadun Enriched With Groundnut and Crayfish

Nutrition transition has led to the advent of western foods and snacks characterised by high calorie and fat, resulting in gradual neglect of utilization of indigenous snacks in Nigeria. Enriched indigenous snacks can improve nutrient intake of consumers. Aadun, made from roasted corn flour, palm oil and spices, and sold as street snack is often used during naming ceremonies and traditional marriages. However, it is fast losing recognition; hence the need to popularise its usage. The study was carried out to improve the nutrient content and sensory attributes of Aadun by enriching it with groundnut and crayfish. Yellow maize, groundnut, crayfish, dried pepper, sugar and salt were purchased from Bodija Market in Ibadan, Nigeria. The maize was roasted at 160C for about 25 mins, cooled, milled and sieved. Dry pepper, onion, sugar and salt were added to palm oil and heated for about 3 mins, followed by addition of the roasted maize flour. The mixture was transferred into a bowl and stirred vigorously to form a firm paste (Aadun). Part of the Aadun was enriched with groundnut and crayfish at ratio 80:20 Aadun:groundnut, 80:20 Aadun:crayfish, and 80:10:10 Aadun:groundnut:crayfish. The four samples were analysed using the official methods of AOAC. An 100g of Aadun samples contained between 2.83. 1g moisture, 10.0-22.7g protein, 34.7-40.6g fat, 21.0-34.0g carbohydrates, 730.33-939.00mg potassium, 521.33-754.00mg calcium, 401.33-523.67mg phosphorus, 4.44-5.14mg zinc, 3863.73-3896. 60μg β-carotene, and 492.13-523.83kcalories of energy. Addition of groundnut and crayfish to Aadun significantly increased both macro and micronutrient content of the enriched products (p<0.05). Aadun enriched with groundnut, and mixture of groundnut and crayfish rated higher in sensory attributes than unenriched one. Enriching Aadun with groundnut and crayfish produced nutrient-dense and more acceptable products, hence, their production and consumption need to be promoted.
Analysis of the spider communities in an altitudinal gradient in the French and Spanish Pyrenees*

We first made acquaintance with the spider fauna of the Pyrenees in 1982, during a field trip organised by the British Arachnological Society. During that week, a preliminary study of the altitudinal distribution of spiders on Mount Canigou (Pyrenees Orientales) was carried out, and results are published in Bosnians & De Keer (in press). At first, we encountered numerous identification problems; in order to overcome these to some extent in the future, a catalogue of all spiders mentioned for the Pyrenees was published (Bosnians & De Keer, 1985). In 1984, four members of the Belgian Arachnological Club Arabel (Arachnologia Belgica) undertook a second, more detailed study of the altitudinal zonation of spiders, this time in the Central Pyrenees. The results are discussed in the present paper.