Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Demographic Make-up of Orthopaedic Surgery Residents in the United States Post ACGME Merger

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the demographic characteristics of orthopaedic surgery residents in 2021 in regard to sex, degree earned, and regional or medical school affiliation. The Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database was used to identify all orthopaedic surgery residency programs in the United States. Resident sex, degree, residency year, and geographic region attended for residency and medical school were collected from each program website. 199 orthopaedic surgery residencies were identified: 153 traditional Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (tACGME) programs, 38 traditional American Osteopathic Association (tAOA) programs, and 8 military programs, which were excluded. 4,095 orthopaedic surgery residents were identified. Females accounted for 16.6% (N=679) of residents, 17.6% (N=620) within tACGME programs and 10.4% (N=59) in tAOA programs (p<0.001). The 573 orthopaedic residents with DO degrees accounted for 14% of the residents identified, 97.6% (N=533) of residents in tAOA programs, and 1.1% (N=40) of residents in tACGME programs. Regional data showed that 34.4% (N=1208) of MDs trained in the Northeast, while 41.9% (N=240) of DOs trained in the Midwest. There has been a slight increase in the representation of females and DOs in orthopaedic surgery residency programs since the mid-2000s; however, data following the ACGME and AOA merger still shows significant predilection for male and MD degree applicants. This study suggests that the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States train more MDs and DOs, respectively. This finding offers potential data for interested applicants and demonstrates opportunity for more heterogeneity in applicant selection.
Eric Verhoogen Firm-Level Upgrading in Developing Countries

In principle, firms in developing countries benefit from the fact that advanced technologies and products have already been developed in industrialized countries and can simply be adopted, a process often referred to as industrial upgrading. But for many firms, this advantage has remained elusive. What is getting in the way? This paper reviews recent firm-level empirical research on the determinants of upgrading in developing countries. The first part focuses on how to define and measure various dimensions of upgrading — increases in productivity, quality improvements, technology adoption, and expansions of product scope, among others. The second part takes stock of recent empirical evidence on the drivers of upgrading, classifying them as output-side drivers, input-side drivers, or drivers of firm capabilities. The review concludes with some thoughts about promising directions for future research in the area. ——————————————————– ∗I am grateful to David Atkin, Maria Bas, Paula Bustos, Garth Frazer, Álvaro García-Marin, Juan Carlos Hallak, Rema Hanna, Morgan Hardy, Jonas Hjort, Beata Javorcik, Seema Jayachandran, Amit Khandelwal, Gianmarco León, Florian Mayneris, David McKenzie, Pepita Miquel-Florensa, Ben Olken, Matthieu Teachout, Nico Voigtländer, and Chris Woodruff for helpful comments. I remain responsible for any errors. § Contact Information: Department of Economics and School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, 10027; eric.verhoogen@columbia.edu.
The Relation Between Place Attachment and Management Preferences of Visitors at Remote Coastal Campsites in Western Australia

ABSTRACT Visitors who exhibit place attachment often demonstrate greater concern regarding how a place is managed. However, the extent to which the dimensions of attachment are related to management preferences has not been sufficiently investigated. Place attachment of visitors to coastal campsites along the southern Ningaloo coastline of northwestern Australia and its relation with management preferences were examined via an onsite survey. The relation was investigated using a suite of routines in the non-parametric multivariate statistics package PRIMER v6, providing the first example of the use of these types of statistical approaches in place research. Place attachment was measured using the dimensions of Place Identity, Place Dependence, and Everybody's Happy (a new, affective-based dimension). Within each dimension, significantly different groups of visitors were identified based on differences in their responses to the place attachment survey items. This was achieved using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis in conjunction with a Similarity Profile (SIMPROF) test. Subsequent analysis using the BVSTEP procedure showed that the pattern of differences among visitors in their responses to place attachment items produced significant though weak correlations with their level of support for various management actions. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of the results for future research on place and associated preferences for management actions.
Application du calcul à la rupture à la stabilité du front de taille d’un tunnel

LA REALISATION D'UN TUNNEL DANS DE BONNES CONDITIONS DE SECURITE NECESSITE UN EXAMEN PREALABLE DE LA STABILITE DU FRONT DE TAILLE PENDANT L'EXCAVATION. LORSQUE L'OUVRAGE EST CREUSE A FAIBLE PROFONDEUR ET A L'AIDE D'UNE MACHINE FOREUSE PERMETTANT UN SOUTENEMENT CONTINU DU FRONT DE TAILLE, IL FAUT TENIR COMPTE DANS L'ANALYSE, DE TROIS EFFETS DE CHARGEMENT : INFLUENCE DU POIDS DES TERRAINS, SURCHARGES DE SURFACE, PRESSION DE SOUTENEMENT AU FRONT. L'APPROCHE PAR LE CALCUL A LA RUPTURE EST CHOISIE ICI POUR ESTIMER LES CONDITIONS DE STABILITE DU FRONT DE TAILLE. DEUX TYPES DE MATERIAU SONT CONSIDERES : DANS LE CAS D'UN MATERIAU PUREMENT COHERENT (CRITERE DE TRESCA) LA COMBINAISON DE L'APPROCHE PAR L'INTERIEUR ET DE L'APPROCHE PAR L'EXTERIEUR PERMET D'ABOUTIR A UN ENCADREMENT DES CONDITIONS DE STABILITE DANS UN DIAGRAMME DE CHARGEMENT A DEUX PARAMETRES. DANS LE CAS PLUS COMPLEXE D'UN CRITERE DE MOHR-COULOMB, IL EST NECESSAIRE DE PRENDRE EFFECTIVEMENT EN COMPTE TROIS PARAMETRES DE CHARGEMENT ET SEULE L'APPROCHE PAR L'INTERIEUR EST CONSIDEREE DANS LA PRESENTE ETUDE. (A).
The Antinociceptive Responses of MTDZ to Paclitaxel−Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Acute Nociception in Mice: Behavioral, Pharmacological, and Biochemical Approaches

The efficacy of 5-((4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzo[c][1,2,5] thiodiazole (MTDZ) in mitigating paclitaxel (PTX)-induced peripheral neuropathy was investigated in male and female Swiss mice. The study examined the effects of MTDZ on various pathways, including transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), glutamatergic, nitrergic, guanylate cyclase (cGMP), serotonergic, and opioidergic. Mice received intraperitoneal PTX (2 mg/kg) or vehicle on days 1, 2, and 3, followed by oral MTDZ (1 mg/kg) or vehicle from days 3 to 14. Mechanical and thermal sensitivities were assessed using Von Frey and hot plate tests on days 8, 11, and 14. The open field test evaluated locomotion and exploration on day 12. On day 15, nitrite and nitrate (NOx) levels and Ca2+−ATPase activity in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord were measured after euthanizing the animals. MTDZ administration reversed the heightened mechanical and thermal sensitivities induced by PTX in male and female mice without affecting locomotion or exploration. MTDZ also modulated multiple pathways, including glutamatergic, NO/L−arginine/cGMP, serotonergic (5−HT1A/1B), opioid, and TRPV1 pathways. Additionally, MTDZ reduced NOx levels and modulated Ca2+−ATPase activity. In conclusion, MTDZ effectively alleviated PTX−induced peripheral neuropathy and demonstrated multi-targeted modulation of pain-related pathways. Its ability to modulate multiple pathways, reduce NOx levels, and modulate Ca2+−ATPase activity makes it a potential pharmacological candidate for peripheral neuropathy, acute nociceptive, and inflammatory conditions. Further research is needed to explore its therapeutic potential in these areas.
Ownership Concentration, Firm Risk taking and Performance: Evidence from Developing Economy of Pakistan

Ownership structure has a substantial impact on corporate decision-making and plays a significant part in the corporate governance framework. Ownership structure can accomplish a significant purpose in aligning interest of managers and owners. The legal protections provided to shareholders in a country have a significant impact on ownership concentration. From 2008 to 2018, data on 225 non-financial companies were obtained from the Pakistan Stock Exchange in order to analyze the effects of ownership concentration on business risk-taking and performance. Results postulated that Single large shareholder negatively affect corporate risk taking in act to preserve their personal benefits and support conservative investment policy. Presence of Multiple large shareholders proved to be a significant cause of internal governance mechanism, such firm’s charades higher risk taking profile because agency conflict between Single large shareholder and other shareholders were unfriendly and multiple large shareholders can enforce value exploiting risky investments by their voting power. Individual ownership (diffused ownership) is significantly negative associated with risk taking and performance measures. Diffuse ownership imparts power to managers because disperse owners cannot directly monitor managers’ practices and monitoring cost is very high. In such case mangers take those decisions which are in their personal favor and therefore favor low risk portfolio. Multiple conflicts between management and diffuse shareholders ultimately results in poor performance of the firm.
Learning Consensus of Second-Order Unknown Nonlinear Parameterized Multiagent Systems With Periodic Disturbances

This article addresses the problem of learning consensus control for second-order unknown nonlinear parameterized multiagent systems using an iterative learning method. It focuses on developing a control law based on neural network approximation, symbolic function, and Fourier series expansion. The proposed iterative learning control law aims to achieve consensus among the agents. To ensure the stability of the closed-loop systems, a composite energy function is constructed and analyzed. Additionally, an improved smooth control protocol is introduced to mitigate control protocol chattering. The algorithm's generalization capabilities are explored through scenarios involving heterogeneous network topologies and external disturbances. Moreover, the consensus protocol is extended to address formation control with fixed tracking distances. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive iterative learning control algorithm.
Localized modulation of turbulence by m/n  =  1/1 magnetic islands in the HL-2A tokamak

Modulation of turbulent electron temperature fluctuations () and density fluctuations () by an m/n = 1/1 tearing mode island was observed in the core plasma region of the HL-2A tokamak. High spatiotemporal resolution two-dimensional images of show the first evidence that the turbulence modulation occurs only when the island width exceeds a certain threshold value ( cm) and the modulation is localized merely in the inner area of the island due to significant alteration of local profiles and turbulence drives. Evidence also reveals that for large islands turbulence spreading takes place across the island region. The results are generally consistent with theories and simulations.
Growth patterns in early juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Results from the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS). Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism (2017)

Objectives: To investigate early vertical growth patterns and factors associated with poor growth in a modern inception cohort of UK children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) using data from the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS). Methods: A study period of 3 years was chosen. Children included in this analysis had a physician diagnosis of JIA and had height measurements available at both baseline and at 3-years of follow-up. Height is presented as z-scores calculated using World Health Organisation growth standards for age and gender. Growth over the 3-year period was assessed using change in z-score and height velocity. Univariable and multivariable linear regressions were used to identify factors associated with height z-score at baseline and change of height z-score at 3 years. Results: 568 patients were included; 65% female, median baseline age 7.4 years [interquartile range (IQR) 3.6, 11.2], median symptom duration at presentation 5.5 months [IQR 3.1, 11.6]. Height z-score decreased significantly from baseline to 3 years (p ≤ 0.0001); baseline median height z-score was −0.02 (IQR −0.71, 0.61), decreasing to −0.47 (IQR −1.12, 0.24) at 3 years. Growth restriction, defined as change of height z-score ≤−0.5, was observed in 39% of patients. At 3 years, higher baseline height z-score was the strongest predictor for a negative change in height z-score [−0.3 per unit of baseline height z-score (95% CI: −0.36, −0.24), p o 0.0001]. HS Journals, Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ntre for Epidemiology, Centre loskeletal & Dermatological he University of Manchester, 800 Stopford Building, Oxford
Hearths and hearths-related activities in Magdalenian open-air sites: the case studies of Champréveyres and Monruz (Switzerland) and their relevance to an understanding of upper palaeolithic site structure

Except for accumulations of flint knapping debris,hearths are sometimes the only unequivocal habitationfeatures at Paleolithic sites. Their role as focalpoints for most domestic and technical activities hasbeen demonstrated in many studies. In the majorityof the sites, however, features such as heat -alteredsediment, charcoal, burned bone and ash, which indicatethe location of combustion structures, are notpreserved. With the focal points missing, the reconstructionof the spatial organization of the activitiesperformed at a site turns out to be ambiguous, whichrenders inter-site comparisons problematic. Consequently,it is important to devise methods to unambiguouslylocate the combustion structures in the absenceof evident features. Based on two remarkablyweIl-preserved open -air sites in western Switzerland- Champreveyres and Monruz - it is shown that thebest method to locate in situ fireplaces in the absenceof evident features would be the analysis of the spatialdistribution of burned flint chips and backed bladelets.Stones affected by heat, on the other hand, areless valu able indicators of fireplaces since many ofthem are widely dispersed outside the fireplaces, dueto their multiple re-use in different hearths and theremoval of their fragmented elements from the combustionareas.
Efficacy of cecal retroflexion observed on adenoma missing of ascending colon during colonoscopy: A prospective, randomized, pilot trial

Background: Although colonoscopic retroflexion has been proved effective in reducing missed adenomas, there is still a lack of comprehensive and in-depth research focused on the ascending colon. We aimed to conduct a randomized controlled trial and tandem colonoscopy to investigate whether cecal retroflexion observed during colonoscopy can reduce missed adenomas in the ascending colon. Methods: Men and women required to be between 45 and 80 years of age were screened for enrollment in the trial. Patients were randomly assigned according to a 1:1 ratio to either the trial group or control group. Patients in the trial group underwent 2 forward examination and a cecal retroflexion observed in the ascending colon, while patients in the control group underwent only 2 forward examinations in the ascending colon. The primary outcome was adenoma miss rate. The secondary outcomes contained adenoma detection rate, polyp miss rate, polyp detection rate, insertion time and withdrawal time. Differences between groups in the primary outcome and in the other categorical indicators were tested using chi-squared test and Fisher exact test. For the comparison of continuous outcomes, the Student t test was applied. Results: A total of 60 subjects were eligible for the study between April to June 2020, of which 55 were randomized and eligible for analysis (26 to the control group and 29 to the trial group). The characteristics of patients were no significant differences statistically between the trial group and the control group. Similarly, the characteristics of the colonoscopy procedures included cecal insertion distance, the length of cecum and ascending colon, insertion time, withdrawal time, quality of bowel preparation, numerical rating scale for pain, polyps detected, and adenomas detected, and there were no significant differences statistically between the 2 groups (P = .864, P = .754, P = .700, P = .974, P = .585, P = .835, P = .373, P = .489). The characteristics of the polyps were also no significant differences statistically between the 2 groups. Conclusion: This pilot trial failed to show benefit of cecal retroflexion observed on adenoma missing of ascending colon during colonoscopy; however, further conclusions require a prospective study with a higher level of evidence. (NCT03355443).
Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Adipocytokines in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effects of omega-3 supplementation on adipocytokine levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals. Methods We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Trial Register, World Health Organization Clinical Trial Registry Platform, and Clinicaltrial.gov Registry from inception to August 1, 2017 for randomized controlled trials. Pooled effects of interventions were assessed as mean difference using random effects model. We conducted a sensitivity, publication bias and subgroup analysis. Results Fourteen studies individuals (n=685) were included in the meta-analysis. Omega-3 supplementation increased levels of adiponectin (0.48 µg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.68; P<0.00001, n=10 trials), but effects disappeared after sensitivity analysis. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were reduced (−1.71; 95% CI, −3.38 to −0.14; P=0.03, n=8 trials). Treatment duration shorter than 12 weeks was associated with greater reduction than longer treatment duration. Levels of other adipocytokines were not significantly affected. Publication bias could generally not be excluded. Conclusion Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation may increase adiponectin and reduce TNF-α levels in this population group. However, due to overall study heterogeneity and potential publication bias, a cautious interpretation is needed.
Low-Dose Chidamide Treatment Displays Sex-Specific Differences in the 3xTg-AD Mouse

Epigenetic compounds have become attractive small molecules for targeting the multifaceted aspects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although AD disproportionately affects women, most of the current literature investigating epigenetic compounds for the treatment of AD do not report sex-specific results. This is remarkable because there is rising evidence that epigenetic compounds intrinsically affect males and females differently. This manuscript explores the sexual dimorphism observed after chronic, low-dose administration of a clinically relevant histone deacetylase inhibitor, chidamide (Tucidinostat), in the 3xTg-AD mouse model. We found that chidamide treatment significantly improves glucose tolerance and increases expression of glucose transporters in the brain of males. We also report a decrease in total tau in chidamide-treated mice. Differentially expressed genes in chidamide-treated mice were much greater in males than females. Genes involved in the neuroinflammatory pathway and amyloid processing pathway were mostly upregulated in chidamide-treated males while downregulated in chidamide-treated females. This work highlights the need for drug discovery projects to consider sex as a biological variable to facilitate translation.
Environmental Reviews & Case Studies: Next-Generation Environmental Policy and the Implications for Environmental Inspectors: Are Fears of Regulatory Capture Warranted?

With renewed emphasis on environmental protection and growing scholarly consensus on the need to move beyond the traditional command-and-control approach to environmental regulation, the “window” may be opening for significant changes in environmental policy in the United States. Much of the dialogue focuses on next-generation environmental policies that are cooperative instead of confrontational, comprehensive rather than fragmented, and flexible instead of rigid. This pending transition invariably raises questions about regulatory enforcement and, most notably, fears of regulatory capture. Accordingly, this article explores the discussion of next-generation environmental policies and their implications for environmental inspectors in the context of regulatory enforcement. The transition to next-generation policies is likely to have significant impacts on inspectors; however, I argue that concerns of regulatory capture are overstated, based on a survey of existing research on regulatory enforcement.
The Effects of EFL Learners’ Attitudes on Participation and Learning During Collaborative Writing

Despite the proliferation of research about pair/group interaction during second language col-laborative writing, little is known about how psychological factors, in particular learner attitude affect participation and learning in collaborative writing. This study primarily attempted to in-vestigate whether EFL learners’ attitudes toward collaborative writing influence their patterns of interaction and learning (reflected in languaging opportunities) during the writing process. To this end, pair talk was examined for the patterns of dyadic interaction and the quantity and quality of language-related episodes (LREs). Moreover, the study examined the texts produced using both quantitative and qualitative measures. The statistical analysis suggested that, com-pared with the pairs whose members held negative attitudes toward collaborative writing, the pairs with positive attitudes exhibited more collaborative patterns and generated substantially more LREs and more resolved LREs. As far as the outcome of pair work (i.e., collaborative writing) was concerned, the positive attitude pairs noticeably outperformed the negative attitude pairs on measures of fluency and accuracy. Also, they produced significantly better texts in terms of content, organization, grammar, and vocabulary. The study, therefore, sheds light on the ways that psychological factors can influence the collaborative writing process.
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

analysis. Due to the different image characteristics of SAR compared to optical data, however, transferring the model could not improve the performance of semantic segmentation but we observe very high accuracies for mapped slums in the optical data: QuickBird image obtains 86–88% (positive prediction value and sensitivity) and a significant increase for Sentinel-2 applying transfer learning can be observed (from 38 to 55% and from 79 to 85% for PPV and sensitivity, respectively). Using transfer learning proofs extremely valuable in retrieving information on small-scaled urban structures such as slum patches even in satellite images of decametric resolution.