Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Word segmentation in German-learning infants and German-speaking adults

There is evidence that infants start extracting words from fluent speech around 7.5 months of age (e.g., Jusczyk & Aslin, 1995) and that they use at least two mechanisms to segment words forms from fluent speech: prosodic information (e.g., Jusczyk, Cutler & Redanz, 1993) and statistical information (e.g., Saffran, Aslin & Newport, 1996). However, how these two mechanisms interact and whether they change during development is still not fully understood. The main aim of the present work is to understand in what way different cues to word segmentation are exploited by infants when learning the language in their environment, as well as to explore whether this ability is related to later language skills. In Chapter 3 we pursued to determine the reliability of the method used in most of the experiments in the present thesis (the Headturn Preference Procedure), as well as to examine correlations and individual differences between infants’ performance and later language outcomes. In Chapter 4 we investigated how German-speaking adults weigh statistical and prosodic information for word segmentation. We familiarized adults with an auditory string in which statistical and prosodic information indicated different word boundaries and obtained both behavioral and pupillometry responses. Then, we conducted further experiments to understand in what way different cues to word segmentation are exploited by 9-month-old German-learning infants (Chapter 5) and by 6-month-old German-learning infants (Chapter 6). In addition, we conducted follow-up questionnaires with the infants and obtained language outcomes at later stages of development. Our findings from this thesis revealed that (1) German-speaking adults show a strong weight of prosodic cues, at least for the materials used in this study and that (2) German-learning infants weight these two kind of cues differently depending on age and/or language experience. We observed that, unlike English-learning infants, 6-month-old infants relied more strongly on prosodic cues. Nine-month-olds do not show any preference for either of the cues in the word segmentation task. From the present results it remains unclear whether the ability to use prosodic cues to word segmentation relates to later language vocabulary. We speculate that prosody provides infants with their first window into the specific acoustic regularities in the signal, which enables them to master the specific stress pattern of German rapidly. Our findings are a step forwards in the understanding of an early impact of the native prosody compared to statistical learning in early word segmentation.
Dietary Calcium Intake May Contribute to the HOMA-IR Score in Korean Females with Vitamin D Deficiency (2008–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)

Background Vitamin D and calcium are important factors involved in the regulation of blood glucose and insulin secretion. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) score is a useful variable for evaluating insulin resistance, and therefore we cross-sectionally compared HOMA-IR scores according to serum vitamin D levels and dietary calcium intake. Methods We selected data from healthy males (n=5,163) and females (n=7,506) analyzed over 5 years (2008–2012) via the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We calculated HOMA-IR scores and compared them according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration classification (<20, 20–30, >30 ng/mL) and dietary calcium quintile after adjustment for relevant variables using complex sample analysis. Comparisons were done after data weighting. Results The mean dietary calcium intake in males and females was 558.1 mg/day and 445.9 mg/day, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration in males and females was 19.4 ng/mL and 16.8 ng/mL, respectively. After adjustment for relevant variables, HOMA-IR score was significantly correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentration and dietary calcium intake in females, whereas it was only correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentration in males. HOMA-IR was significantly lower in the top quintile of dietary calcium intake (mean, 866 mg/day) within females with vitamin D deficiency (P=0.047). Conclusion Adequate dietary calcium intake may be important for normal HOMA-IR in females with vitamin D deficiency.
Modified gift box technique for acute compound posttraumatic Achilles tendon repair in young patients

Background: Treatment of Achilles tendon rupture in young active patient remains controversial. Open primary repair remains the mainstay of treatment with prolonged rehabilitation and high wound complication rate (20%). In compound injuries it becomes the default treatment. Newer techniques are being tried to decrease re-rupture rate, decrease local complications and facilitate early rehabilitation. Modified gift box technique of open repair, which has shown higher strength of repair in in-vitro studies and good clinical results in the hands of its inventor. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical results of this technique in young active patients with compound Achilles tendon injury. Methods: This is a retrospective study. The parameters recorded at follow up included general demography, ability to single toe raise (on neutral, incline, decline), toe walking for 40 feet, and pain on VAS scale. Achilles tendon total rupture score and modified Rupp score were administered. Results: Out of the 8 patients included in the study, 7 patients had unilateral tear and 1 patient had bilateral tear. The mean age was 27 yrs (20-35) and mean duration of follow up was 17.4 months (08-24 months). Single toe raise and toe walking for 40 ft. was possible in all patients. Two patients complained of grade 2 pain on VAS Scale. The ATRS score was 97.1 (94-99) and modified Rupp score was 28.3 (26-29) . Conclusions: Modified gift box technique gives excellent results in young active patients with compound Achilles tendon injury with no re-rupture and return of pre-injury activity .
How Interior Immigration Enforcement Affects Trust in Law Enforcement

The day-to-day behaviors of undocumented immigrants are significantly affected when local law enforcement officials do the work of federal immigration enforcement. One such behavior, which has been widely discussed in debates over so-called sanctuary policies, is that undocumented immigrants are less likely to report crimes to the police when local law enforcement officials work with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) on federal immigration enforcement. However, the mechanism that explains this relationship of decreased trust in law enforcement has not yet been systematically tested. Do undocumented immigrants become less trusting of police officers and sheriffs when local law enforcement officials work with ICE on federal immigration enforcement? To answer this, we embedded an experiment that varied the interior immigration enforcement context in a survey (n = 512) drawn from a probability-based sample of undocumented immigrants. When local law enforcement officials work with ICE on federal immigration enforcement, respondents are statistically significantly less likely to say that they trust that police officers and sheriffs will keep them, their families, and their communities safe; will protect the confidentiality of witnesses to crimes even if they are undocumented; will protect the rights of all people equally, including undocumented immigrants; and will protect undocumented immigrants from abuse or discrimination.
Chapter 4 Paleoproterozoic (2.0–1.8 Ga) syn-orogenic sedimentation, magmatism and mineralization in the Bothnia–Skellefteå lithotectonic unit, Svecokarelian orogen

Abstract The Bothnia–Skellefteå lithotectonic unit is dominated by turbiditic wacke and argillite (Bothnian basin), deposited at 1.96 (or older)–1.86 Ga, metamorphosed generally under high-grade conditions and intruded by successive plutonic suites at 1.95–1.93, 1.90–1.88, 1.87–1.85 and 1.81–1.76 Ga. In the northern part, low-grade and low-strain, 1.90–1.86 Ga predominantly magmatic rocks (the Skellefte–Arvidsjaur magmatic province) are enclosed by the basinal components. Subduction-related processes in intra-arc basin and magmatic arc settings, respectively, are inferred. Changes in the metamorphic grade and the relative timing of deformation and structural style across the magmatic province are linked to major shear zones trending roughly north–south and, close to the southern margin, WNW–ESE. Zones trending WNW–ESE and ENE–WSW dominate southwards. Slip along the north–south zones in an extensional setting initiated synchronously with magmatic activity at 1.90–1.88 Ga. Tectonic inversion steered by accretion to a craton to the east, involving crustal shortening, ductile strain and crustal melting, occurred at 1.88–1.85 Ga. Deformation along shear zones under lower-grade conditions continued at c. 1.8 Ga. Felsic volcanic rocks (1.90–1.88 Ga) host exhalative and replacement-type volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits (the metallogenic Skellefte district). Other deposits include orogenic Au, particularly along the ‘gold line’ SW of this district, porphyry Cu–Au–Mo, and magmatic Ni–Cu along the ‘nickel line’ SE of the ‘gold line’.
The association between soft palate shape and Need's ratio in various sagittal skeletal malocclusions: A digital lateral cephalometric study

Aim: The present study was aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology and Need's ratio in various sagittal skeletal malocclusions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 300 individuals (aged 15–25 years) who presented to the department of orthodontics for orthodontic treatment. The participants were divided into skeletal Class I, II, and III based on ANB angle on the lateral cephalogram. The soft palate morphology was examined and individuals were grouped into six types. The Need's ratio was calculated for all the participants by division of pharyngeal depth by soft palate length. The results were then subjected to statistical analysis to find the association between morphological variants of soft palate and skeletal malocclusions. Results: The most common type of soft palate was leaf shaped and the least common was S shaped. Leaf-shaped soft palate was the most common in males and rat tail-shaped soft palate was common in females. Individuals with skeletal Class I malocclusion were most frequently found to have leaf-shaped soft palate, skeletal Class II malocclusion had rat tail type, and skeletal Class III had leaf shape and crooked shape in equal proportions. Need's ratio was maximum in skeletal Class III and minimum in Class II malocclusions. Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between the variants of soft palate and the types of skeletal malocclusion in North Indian individuals. The knowledge of morphological variants of soft palate helps the clinician in etiological study of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, snoring, and other conditions.
ICRP 2019 4 th International Conference on Rebuilding Place HIGH PERFORMANCE WORK PRACTICES AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PERFORMANCE NIGERIA

In Nigeria, poor construction project performance is a cause of concern in the construction sector. It is on record that several construction projects executed in the country faced several challenges that vary in degree from minor issues to complex type. Many factors have been raised as source or cause of such challenges by professionals and researchers basically because of its’ adverse impact on the economic and social growths. The construction environment in Nigeria is another challenge in the area of construction project performance, although, some researchers have attributed the success of Nigerian construction Industry to the utilisation of construction project management system. This paper review High performance work practices through human resources management as a possible boost to the Nigerian Construction project performance. The main objective is to assess the impact of high-performance work practices (HPWP) on the construction project performance in Nigeria. For substantial evidence, this study engaged a cross-sectional survey research design. Questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. About Eighty-four (84) research questionnaire were retrieved after distribution of 110 questionnaires, representing 76.36% response rate. The respondents consist of 38 Line managers, 23 Construction managers, 12 Project managers and 11 Site Engineers. Smart PLS software was used to do the analysis, the findings showed that HPWP practices has positive significant on the performance of construction project in Lagos state of Nigeria. But there must be adequate awareness and effective utilisation of the HPWPs for effective result. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.UK
Dermoscopy of general dermatological conditions in Indian population: A descriptive study

Background: Patients attending the dermatology outpatient department (OPD) come with varied presentations. It is a challenge for a dermatologist to make a right diagnosis in a short time noninvasively. Hence in such conditions, dermoscope provides a rapid handy diagnostic aid. Objectives: The aim is to evaluate and compare the dermoscopic features of common dermatological conditions in an Indian population with brown skin. Materials and Methods: A total of 475 dermatoses including inflammatory, infectious, vesiculobullous, vascular, benign face tumors, hypopigmentary, drug reactions and miscellaneous conditions attending the OPD between March 2011 and January 2013 were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. Detailed history and thorough dermatological examination were conducted to reach the final diagnosis. Dermlite II PRO dermoscope was used for the study. Data collected was analyzed by frequency and percentage. P value for each dermoscopic parameter in three groups was calculated using Chi-square test for independence using graph pad where the value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Red dotted vessel was a prominent feature in inflammatory conditions (P < 0.0003), which was found to be regular in a pattern in psoriasis (100%). The unique feature of lichen planus was Wickham's striae (P < 0.0001). Collarette scales were observed in 93% of cases of pityriasis rosea. Live nymphs depicting as brown oval structure (46.67%) were observed. Scabies mites head was characterized using “Triangular sign” (93%). Red brown dots and papilla-like structure were observed in most of the cases of warts. Comedo-like opening (P = 0.024) and milia-like cyst (P = 0.0495) are typical features of seborrheic keratosis. Conclusion: Dermoscopy findings provide an extra clue for the diagnosis of common dermatoses and it also helpful in prognostic evaluation and monitoring response to treatment.
Using Standardized Patients in an Undergraduate Mental Health Simulation

Simulation is a technique of reproducing the performance of a desired circumstance or procedure by means of an equivalent scenario for the purpose of observation or tuition. The overwhelming shortfall in this process is the absence of the human element—the individual patient's response to illness. Little is known about the use of simulation in the mental health component of an undergraduate curriculum. This pilot study aimed to explore the impact of an integrated-simulation approach on second-year undergraduate nursing students' preparedness for a mental health placement. Students completed a questionnaire pre- and post-clinical placement to determine whether the simulations improved their confidence about communication and assessment skill development. Students found the experience of engaging in a mental health simulation with standardized patients a positive experience. They noted that the experience increased their confidence, encouraged professionalism, enhanced their understanding of mental illness presentations, and was also clinically realistic. The benefits of using simulation to address mental health placement shortfalls mean that all students can be guaranteed a controlled and safe interaction with a mental health client. Simulation should not be seen as the "poor cousin" to hospital-based clinical placement. Rather it provides a comprehensive opportunity to engage in an immersive, secure, and innovative learning environment where safe clinical decision-making opportunities are abundant.
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Hospitalization of Young Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Marrakech, Morocco

Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is one of the leading causes of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRTI) and death in young children worldwide, little is known about the burden of this pathogen in Morroco. Our objectives is to determine the prevalence of RSV infection in children hospitalized with ALRTI. From January to Decembre 2018, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 217 children, not older than 24 months of age, and positively tested for RSV using a real-time PCR multiplex assay. From 217 of collected specimens, 49 were tested positively for RSV infection. Eighty four percent of collected samples were collected from children having an age under 6 months; female children were predominant (55.10%), median age was 3.6 months. Higher positivity rate was observed in February that typically features the coldest temperatures of the year (24 cases). In 21 cases RSV was co-detected with at least one of the others virus. Respiratory distress, pneumonia and bronchiolitis were the most common diagnoses of al hospital admissions. Our data demonstrated that RSV remains important viral etiological agent causing severe acute respiratory infections on infant in Marrakech.
Impact of Learning Motivation, Cognitive and Self-Efficacy in Improving Learning Quality E-Learning in Industrial Era 4.0

The development of the industrial era 4.0 now, has changed the paradigm of activity on all fronts of human life. This study was intended to analyze the impact of learning motivation, cognitive and self-efficacy in improving the quality of online learning in the Industrial Age 4.0. The population of this study was the University of Indonesia Putra YPTK Padang who was following learning model E-Learning with a total sample of 320 people. Where data collection is done through an online questionnaire. The results of data analysis with Smart PLS indicate that learning motivation, cognitive and efficacy are factors that can influence the quality of learning. Besides that, it was also obtained the fact that self-efficacy was able to mediate the effect of learning motivation on improving the quality of online learning, but for other cases the variables of self-efficacy had not been able to maximize the cognitive influence on the quality of E-Learning learning.
Control structure and financial performance: An analysis of listed and delisted Brazilian companies negotiated in Brazil and in the USA

The present work sought to identify the influence of the control structure of the major shareholder on the accounting and market performance of listed and delisted Brazilian companies traded only on B3, as compared to those with a double listing with the US (ADRs). For this purpose, linear regressions were applied by GMM-Sys with unbalanced panel data. The evidence shows that the control structure of the major shareholder is negatively related to financial performance for companies listed only on B3, and positively related for B3 delisted ones, outweighing shareholder conflict. This context is inverse to that found in the analysis of ADRs, where control structure is positively related to financial performance while listed, and negatively related when delisting occurs, proving that, in this case, agency conflicts prevail. This study confirms that US Common Law also affects Brazilian companies that are traded in the US.
Recovery of calf muscle isokinetic strength after acute Achilles tendon rupture

Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) conservative treatment result usually good clinical outcome, but despite the treatment method calf muscle strength deficit persist. Recent evidence suggests that surgery might surpass conservative treatment in restoring strength after ATR, but structural explanations for surgery-related improved strength remain uncertain. The purposes of this thesis were to compare calf muscle isokinetic strength recovery, calf muscle volume, fatty degeneration and AT elongation after conservative treatment or after open surgical repair of ATR. An additional aim was to assess the role of fascial augmentation in terms of calf muscle isokinetic strength recovery, AT elongation, calf muscle volume atrophy and fatty degeneration, and their relationship with calf muscle isokinetic strength in long-term follow-up after ATR surgery. Surgery resulted in 10% to 18% greater plantar flexion strength (P = 0.037) compared to conservative treatment. The mean differences between affected and healthy soleus muscle volumes were -18% after surgery and -25% after conservative treatment (P = 0.042). At 18 months, AT were, on average 19 mm longer in patients treated conservatively compared to surgery (P < 0.001). At 18 months, patients with greater (2–3) fatty degeneration had lower soleus muscle volumes and plantar flexion strength in the healthy leg. In long term, augmentation did not affect any of the strength variables, but the injured side showed 12% to 18% strength deficit compared with the healthy side (P < 0.001). The AT was, on average, 12 mm longer in the affected leg than in the healthy leg (P < 0.001). The mean soleus muscle volume was 13% lower in the affected leg than in the healthy leg (P < 0.001). The mean volumes of the medialand lateral gastrocnemius muscles were 12% and 11% lower in the affected leg than in the healthy leg, respectively (P < 0.001). AT elongation correlated substantially with plantar strength deficit (ρ = 0.51, P < 0.001) and with both gastrocnemius (ρ = 0.46, P = 0.001) and soleus muscle atrophy (ρ = 0.42, P = 0.002). Calf muscle fatty degeneration was more common in the affected leg compared healthy leg (P ≤ 0.018). In conclusion, surgery of ATR restored calf muscle isokinetic strength earlier and more completely than conservative treatment. Conservative treatment resulted in greater soleus muscle atrophy and AT elongation compared surgery, which may partly explain the surgery related better strength results. Augmentation provided no long-term benefits compared with simple suturation, and a 12 to 18% plantar flexion strength deficit compared to the healthy side persisted. AT elongation may explain the smaller calf muscle volumes, greater fatty degeneration, and plantar flexion strength deficit observed in long-term follow-up after surgical repair of ATR.