Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Value of Time Comparisons in the Presence of Unexpected Delay

This study estimates Value of Time differences between people who arrived at their destination as planned and those that were delayed. The analysis is based on the I-394 MnPASS High Occupancy/Toll (HOT) lane project recently implemented in the Minneapolis/St. Paul region. Using a Stated Preference survey, the individuals are asked about a trip they have taken before, and asked if they would opt for the free route or pay and go on the HOT lanes. The analysis groups the travelers into subscribers and non-subscribers of the MnPASS (electronic toll collection transponder) system and further decomposes choices into categories based on trip time and experience (delayed or not). Trip times were divided into morning peak, afternoon peak, and off peak and trip experience was divided into delayed and not delayed, creating six categories. The findings suggest an increased willingness to pay among subscribers who were late to reduce travel time in the PM rush hour. As well, we find some evidence that individuals who were late during the AM peak have a lower VOT as compared to their on-time counterparts.
Southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the western Pacific during the late Tertiary: Evidence from ferromanganese crusts on seamounts west of the Marshall Islands

[1] Hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts were dredged from four seamounts in the western Pacific, OSM7, OSM2, Lomilik, and Lemkein, aligned in a NW-SE direction parallel to Pacific Plate movement. The crusts consist of four well-defined layers with distinct textural and geochemical properties. The topmost layer 1 is relatively enriched in Mn, Co, Ni, and Mo compared to the underlying layer 2, which is relatively enriched in Al, Ti, K, and Rb and Cu, Zn, and excess Ba. Textural and geochemical properties of layer 2 suggest growth conditions under high biogenic and detrital flux. Such conditions are met in the equatorial Pacific (i.e., between the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and equatorial high-productivity zone). Layer 2 likely formed when each seamount was beneath the equatorial Pacific along its back track path. On the other hand, layer 1 probably started to grow after seamounts moved northwest from the ITCZ. This interpretation is consistent with the thickness of layer 1 across the four crusts, which increases to the northwest. Ages of the layer 1–layer 2 boundary in each crust, a potential proxy for northern margin of the ITCZ, also increase to the northwest at 17, 11, 8, and 5 Ma for OSM7, OSM2, Lomilik, and Lemkein, respectively. Assuming Pacific Plate motion of 0.3°/Myr, the seamounts were located at 12°N, 11°N, 9°N, and 8°N at the time of boundary formation. This result suggests that the north edge of the ITCZ has shifted south since the middle Miocene in the western Pacific, which agrees with information from the eastern Pacific.
LETTER Coastal wetland adaptability to sea level rise: The neglected role of semi-diurnal vs. diurnal tides

Statement Sea level rise (SLR) is causing loss of valuable coastal wetlands (tidal marshes and mangroves) in certain places around the world, while wetlands can adapt to SLR in other places. Studies have attempted to understand this global variability in wetland adaptability to SLR, but never considered global variations in the tidal pattern, that is the number of high and low tides per day, varying from one cycle of high and low waters in about half a day (semi-diurnal tides), to one cycle in a full day (diurnal tides). Here, we analyze global data and perform model simulations of wetland adaptation to SLR to show that coastal wetlands experiencing diurnal tides are more likely to be vulnerable to SLR. Hence, our results suggest that the tidal pattern is a relevant — but previously neglected — factor contributing to global wetland adaptability to SLR, and call for further research. Abstract Tidal marshes and mangroves are threatened by relative sea level rise (RSLR) in certain regions on Earth. Else-where, these coastal wetlands can adapt through sediment accretion and resulting surface elevation gain. Studies identifying drivers of the global variability in coastal wetland adaptability to RSLR ignored the role of the tidal pattern, varying from semi-diurnal to diurnal globally. Here, we present a meta-analysis, including 394 marsh and mangrove sites worldwide, and demonstrate that the tidal pattern explains (cid:1)
Devonian Stratigraphy and Paleogeography of the Armorican Massif (Western France)

Abstract Since the first synthesis of Devonian stratigraphic history in the Armorican Massif (1973) much new lithological and paleontological information has contributed to a greater understanding of geodynamic evolution in this crustal segment. The entire Devonian succession is fossiliferous, showing abundant benthic faunas and microfaunas (mainly Chitinozoans and Conodonts) which have provided biostratigraphic control. Platform deposits are developed throughout the Armorican Massif from the base of the Devonian to the upper Famennian (Fa2a in the NW and FaV in the SE). The sedimentation is characterized by a strong terrigenous influence with deposits showing locally great vertical and lateral variations. The sedimentary succession is marked by two remarkable phenomena: a very high rate of sedimentation during the Early Devonian; and a Late Devonian regression related to the bretonic phase. In Central Brittany, from Lower Devonian time onwards an important terrigenous input interrupts the generally homogenous succession observed towards the eastern and western extremities of the Central Synclinorium. Further towards the southeast Devonian rocks are found within Lower Carboniferous olistolite bearing deposits. These Devonian rocks display a particular facies not seen elsewhere. Continuous sedimentation was periodically interrupted by several volcanic episodes and synsedimentary tectonic movements. The stratigraphic position of different alkaline or acid volcanic episodes is determinable. This volcanism was restricted to Central Brittany and the Rade de Brest. The Strunian is related to the history of the Carboniferous basin and is characterized by the development of olistolites in a setting only slightly affected by marine influence in the Morlaix and Chateaulin basins. The Armorican Massif belongs to the Northern Gondwana realm, like the Iberian peninsula and Northwest Africa. It was separated from Laurussia by the Rheic ocean which progressively shrank during the Devonian. The very early development of reefs in the Rade de Brest (Lower Pragian) continued sporadically up to the Givetian. It implies a south tropical paleogeographic position for the Armorican Massif.
A new pair of indices to describe the relationship between ionospheric disturbances and geomagnetic activity

In this paper, a new ionospheric index pair—the single‐station index (Js) and the planetary index (Jp), which describe ionospheric disturbances—is constructed using the spectral‐whitening method. Observations covering more than 30 years and obtained from 21 ionosonde stations widely distributed across middle‐ and low‐latitude areas are used in the study. Variations in the Js index at all stations generally follow the variation of the geomagnetic Dst index during periods of strong to moderate geomagnetic activity. Nevertheless, the inertial response of Js to weak geomagnetic activity results in a weak correlation between Js and Dst. The extrema of Js and Dst during the same geomagnetic activity period have a much higher correlation coefficient, since they avoid the delaying effect of the ionospheric response to geomagnetic activity. To smooth out local differences among ionospheric disturbances, the Jp index was defined as the means of all Js indices and so describes ionospheric disturbances at the planetary scale. The Jp index is significantly correlated to the Dst index, and the correlation coefficient between the extrema of Jp and Dst is up to −0.8. This correlation remains robust when the data set length varies, and data from approximately 10 stations are sufficient to derive a reasonable estimate of Jp. The quantitative relationship between Jp and Dst can be used to reproduce Jp by adopting Dst as the precursor, and this raises the possibility of predicting planetary ionospheric disturbances based on geomagnetic activity.
“It’s not like you have PSTD with a touch of dissociation”: Insights into Dissociative Identity Disorder through First Person Accounts

Purpose. Five participants with diagnoses of dissociative identity disorder offered to discuss their experiences, to provide new insights and understanding around their condition, which is often misinterpreted, misunderstood and mistreated. Procedures. Through an interpretative and idiographic analysis of first person accounts, three themes emerged to capture the experiences shared by participants. Main findings. Firstly, recognising who I am and when I am in time discusses the difficulties in locating and finding stability for the central persona in terms of time perception. Secondly, understanding the needs of the internal system connects experiences of dissociation to emotional regulation and relational difficulties, which were reported across the accounts. Thirdly, trying to help others understand what the self doesn’t always fully understand explores the complex process of facing unusual experiences and then trying to foster understanding with healthcare professionals. Principal conclusions. The participants’ accounts indicate that their alter parts have specific life times and as such some younger parts are often not aware of key life events or strengths of the adult parts. Most of the participants reported benefitting from psychological or psychiatric support at times, although experienced many relational challenges and struggled to articulate important information about their unique conditions during times of crisis, which was often when participants were invited to share information. Eight recommendations for practitioners emerged from the analysis.
Farmers’ perspectives with regard to arable crop production and deagrarianisation: an analysis of Nkonkobe Municipality, South Africa

This exploratory study evaluated biophysical, cultural and socio-economic factors affecting crop production and land utilisation in the Nkonkobe Municipality, South Africa. The study sought to establish what farmers in the area perceive as serious threats to crop production, drivers for land abandonment, and how best current agricultural production could be intensified. The farmers’ perspectives were assessed through interviews using semi-structured and open-ended questionnaires. The results of the study revealed declining crop productivity and increase in land abandonment in the Municipality. The biophysical drivers of land abandonment were low and erratic rainfall and land degradation while the socio-economic drivers were labour shortages due to old age and youth movement to cities, lack of farming equipment and security concerns. The most abandoned crops were maize, sorghum and wheat. This trend was attributed to the labour intensiveness of cereal production and a shift in dietary preference to purchased rice. These findings should be factored in any programmes that seek to increase land utilisation and crop productivity in the Municipality.
Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and their antioxidant capacity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza accessions from Jambi

Abstract. Asyhar R, Minarni M, Arista RA, Nurcholis W. 2023. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and their antioxidant capacity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza accessions from Jambi. Biodiversitas 24: 5007-5014. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. , is an effective natural antioxidant and is widely used as a raw material for jamu in Indonesian traditional medicine. This study aims to evaluate the biochemical characteristics and antioxidant capacity of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome accessions. Ten accessions of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome from 10 districts in Jambi province were evaluated for total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) content and antioxidant capacity using four methods: 2,2-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 azinobis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline) -6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC). The content of total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) varied from 1.74±0.085 to 18.72±1.47 mg GAE/g DW and 1.74±0.085 to 18.72±1.47 mg GAE/g DW, respectively. Antioxidant capacities ranged from 0.13-1.11, 0.72-4.14, 7.71-81.48, 18.37-211.68 µmol TE/g DW, assayed by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with the polyphenol content of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome accessions. Accession to C. xanthorrhiza rhizome with the code JSS, JBE, JG, and JK has the capacity for polyphenolic compounds (phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant capacity compared to other accessions, indicating that these accessions are promising for further breeding programs and commercial purposes.
A carbonatitic diatreme from Umberatana, South Australia

The breccia body at Umberatana, previously mapped as a diapir, intrudes Late Proterozoic metasediments and envelops Palaeozoic alkaline to peralkaline granites. Lineament-controlled emplacement led to limited structural disruption of the adjacent country rock and resulted in a phlogopite-rich breccia which contains albitite fragments, metasomatized Late Proterozoic clasts, altered alkaline basalts and dismembered metasomatized pelites of the granite thermal aureole. Breccia formation occurred after peralkaline granite emplacement (418 ± 2 Ma) and is thus unrelated to the Cambro-Ordovician Delamerian Orogeny. The breccia body is re-interpreted as a diatreme which resulted from multiple, possibly CO2-rich, halogen-bearing pulses of mantle-derived fluids rich in Ca, Mg,Ti,Fe3+,P, Sr, Na and Ce. Fluid contributions from a sedimentary source cannot be excluded, because the fluids traversed Late Proterozoic metasediments. The close association of alkaline to peralkaline igneous lithologies and mantle-derived fluids is related to the deep fracturing of the lithosphere and mantle-degassing.
Behaviors mapped by new geographies: Ichnonetwork analysis of the Val Dolce Formation (lower Permian; Italy-Austria)

The Pramollo Basin (Italy-Austria) is one of the richest body and trace fossil sites of the Alps, and exhibits a well-preserved Permian–Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic to marginal-marine sedimentary succession. Despite the exceptionally abundant and well-preserved ichnological heritage, the trace fossils of the Pramollo Basin are not well studied, particularly those of Permian units. This study focuses on the ichnofauna of the Val Dolce Formation (Permian; partly Asselian to partly Sakmarian), with the goal of documenting its ichnological heritage and reconstructing its paleoenvironment. These research questions are addressed by applying network theory, an emerging field of complexity science that focuses on web-like systems made of interconnected entities. An ichnological system can be seen as a set of interlinked ichnotaxa, the topology of which depends on the organism-environment interactions. In addition, traditional paleontological and sedimentological observations are used to reconstruct the paleoenvironment. The following ichnotaxa are documented from the Val Dolce Formation: Archaeonassa isp. , Curvolithus simplex , Cylindrichnus isp. , Helminthoidichnites tenuis , Nereites missouriensis , Planolites isp. , Phymatoderma isp. , Pramollichnus pastae , Psammichnites plummeri , Taenidium isp. , and Zoophycos isp. Network analysis indicates that the Val Dolce ichnological system is structured, with ichnotaxa organized in environment-driven ichnoassociations: Cylindrichnus - Planolites (proximal delta front), Phymatoderma - Zoophycos (prodelta with dysoxic porewaters), Cylindrichnus - Helminthoidichnites - Curvolithus - Zoophycos (distal delta front–proximal prodelta), and Helminthoidichnites - Taenidium - Curvolithus - Nereites - Zoophycos (prodelta). Furthermore, the delta front–prodelta gradient is accompanied by increasing bioturbation intensity and diversity, reflecting the decreasing intensity of major environmental stressors (hydrodynamics, freshwater input, turbidity). Centrality measures of network analysis allow the topological position of traces to be discerned within the studied system, detecting the paleoenvironmental resolution of individual ichnotaxa. As intersections of sets can be described by networks, the studied ichnoassociations can be considered as occupying intersecting behavioral niches. In analogy with the concept of a Hutchinsonian niche, an ichnotaxon’s niche exists in a multidimensional abstract space defined by environmental parameters, which are expressed as spatial variables in the paleolandscape. Consequently, ichnoassociations are not just association patterns, but represent spatial, environmental, and topological entities. This approach allows the reconstitution of spatial relationships between the geographical ranges of ichnotaxa and ichnoassociations, providing information on the physical arrangement of different subenvironments, that is, the structure of the paleoenvironment.
High-frequency internal wave observations in the marginal ice zone

Three thermistor chains extending from 15 to 65 m were deployed from ice floes in the Marginal Ice Zone north of Svalbard in a triangle with sides of 500–800 m for a period of 7 days. Vertical displacement spectra indicate that the internal wave energy level is lower than the Garrett and Munk spectrum by a factor of 2–3 but higher than other observations in the Arctic. A group of internal waves (a wave train), with frequency of 2–3 cph was observed to propagate at 0.05 m/s through the triangle in a west-southwesterly direction during a 4- to 6-hour period. A case study of this wave train, where the horizontal phase differences between the three thermistor chains were analyzed, showed wavelengths of 100–200 m and phase velocities of 0.10–0.15 m/s. Observation of the density field and the velocity field indicated that stratification dominated over vertical shear. Consequently, the dispersion relation was calculated by solving numerically the vertical mode equation for internal waves in a shearless ocean. The estimated wavelengths and phase velocities agree with the dispersion relation for first-mode internal waves. The generating mechanisms may be tidal oscillations associated with a seamount located east of the triangle, or ice keels moving in relation to the water creating lee waves in the pycnocline.
Sharpening Profile of HRM in Central -Eastern Europe in Reflection of its Developments in Hungary

Management of human resources, the same as other fields of management, has altered significantly in Hungary since the democratic transformation and in many respects it is still changing. This paper – while describing the specific Hungarian HR practice and its alterations – makes a comparison of the characteristics of the Hungarian samples of two Cranet surveys. Based on these, we outline the ratio of similarity between the Hungarian and the global (or that of the 32 countries participating in the network) HR practice and the features of HR practices of (6 network member) countries from the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region.
The Transition to Potassic Alkaline Volcanism in Island Arcs: The Ringgit—Beser Complex, East Java, Indonesia

The origin of potassic lavas with within-plate characteristics in island arc settings is unclear. The volcanic complex of Ringgit-Beser, situated in eastern Java, has erupted lavas of both normal island arc calc-alkaline type and atypical potassic lavas, including some highly magnesian lavas. The occurrence of these primitive lavas gives an unusual insight into the source characteristics of the potassic lavas. The lavas from Ringgit-Beser have a wide range of K2O (1-1—6-4 wt.%) and MgO contents (180-1-6 wt.%). The most magnesian lavas have high Ni and Cr contents. The calc-alkaline lavas have incompatible trace element patterns typical of island arc lavas with enrichments in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to high field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy REE (HREE). The potassic lavas may be divided into two series on the basis of Ba and Nb contents, with the enriched potassic (EK) series having higher Ba and Nb contents for a given MgO content than the potassic (K) series. The EK and K series lavas have some incompatible trace element ratios similar to within-plate lavas (e.g., high Ce/Pb, low LILE/HFSE ratios, and low B/Be). However, both the EK series and K series lavas have negative Ti and Zr anomalies, and the EK series lavas have high Ba/La similar to arc lavas. There is little distinction in Sr and Nd isotopes between the K and EK series, but the calc-alkaline lavas have lower 87Sr/86Sr
Geochemical evidence used to test alternative plate tectonic models for pre-Upper Jurassic (Palaeotethyan) units in the Central Pontides, N Turkey

East–west trending, inferred Palaeotethyan subduction–accretion complexes form much of the pre-Upper Jurassic basement of the Central Pontides. A number of specific tectonic units are present that include variably metamorphosed basic igneous rocks, as dismembered ophiolites, coherent stratigraphical successions, ordered thrust sheets, and blocks in melange. About 200 samples from a c. 200 km long N–S traverse were analysed by a high-precision X-ray fluorescence technique, supplemented by electron microprobe analysis. The basic igneous rocks have not experienced significant chemical mobility after formation and are thus useful for discrimination of tectonic settings of formation using well known binary and ternary plots and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-normalized ‘spidergrams’. From N to S the main results are that basalts of the Kure Complex were erupted in a subduction-influenced tectonic setting, favouring interpretation as a dismembered ophiolite formed in a marginal basin along the S Eurasian margin. Thick, mainly volcanic, successions of the Cangaldag Complex show a subduction-influenced calc-alkaline composition, above a basement varying from MORB/island arc tholeiite type to high-Mg (boninitic) type, with an inferred origin as an oceanic arc above forearc basement. Meta-basites from the adjacent Bayam Melange indicate a supra-subduction zone origin, possibly as a dismembered forearc ophiolite (possibly related to the Cangaldag). A large overriding thrust sheet of mainly ultramafic rocks, the Elekdag, is interpreted as a supra-subduction zone ophiolite, based on depleted chrome spinel composition (analysed by microprobe). Eclogitic blocks in structurally underlying melange are of mid-ocean ridge (MOR) type. Further south, a northward-dipping, inferred subduction–accretion complex, the Domuzdag–Saraycikdag Complex, includes MOR-type meta-basites in the north, and more ‘enriched’ compositions in the south, of within-plate origin. Lastly, the geochemistry of meta-basites in the south, within the Kargi Complex, suggests a plume-MOR to within-plate type eruptive setting, without continental crustal influence. The geochemical data mainly support a northward rather than southward subduction model for the Palaeotethyan assembly of the Central Pontides, particularly since the Kure ophiolitic basalts in the north exhibit a subduction-influenced chemical signature, in contrast to all the units in the south which lack any identifiable subduction component. Comparisons with published geochemical data from the Karakaya Complex in the SW Pontides reveal similar units, interpreted as accreted MORB lithosphere and oceanic seamounts, but emphasize that the Cangaldag arc is presently the only known Palaeotethyan subduction arc-related unit in Turkey. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.