Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An ultrathin flexible affinity-based graphene field-effect transistor for glucose monitoring

Wearable glucose sensors, regardless of invasive or non-invasive, show tremendous demands of accuracy, long-term stability, flexibility, and comfortability. Because of the unique structure and excellent electrical performance of monolayer graphene, the graphene field effect transistor (G-FET) has been successfully applied into the fabrication of the high-performance glucose sensor. However, most of the developed G-FET devices are enzymatic, of which the accuracy and the stability usually suffer from the inevitable enzyme deactivation. Besides, they are usually fabricated on solid substrates (e.g., silicon or glass), which severely limit the wearable applications. In this work, an ultrathin flexible affinity-based G-FET is realized for the non-enzymatic glucose detection. The device fabrication was achieved on an adhesive support, which made the device can be easy to peel off and simplify the process. The graphene channel was functionalized using the specific pyrene-1-boronic acid (PBA). As the glucose solution was injected, glucose molecules were recognized by electron-withdrawing PBA molecules to form electron-rich glucose-boronate ester complexes, thus inducing the variation in the conductivity of graphene channel. The fabricated glucose sensor shows a wide detection range of 1 μM−5 mM, a high sensitivity of −0.6695 μA/decade, and a low detection limit of 0.1 μM (S/N = 3). The findings indicate the great potentials of such the ultrathin flexible device for the sensitive detection of small molecules in various biofluids, such as sweat, tear, saliva, and blood.
The Functions of Rictor, Pten and p53 Signaling Pathways in Brain Tumors and Brain Development.

xiv Chapter I: Introduction . 1 1.1 Malignant gliomas and glioblastoma . 1 1.2 Molecular signature of glioblastoma and key pathway alterations. 2 1.3 Intertumor heterogeneity and molecular profiling of glioblastoma . 4 1.4 Intratumor heterogeneity of glioblastoma and its clinical impact . 8 1.5 Oncogene addiction and the Achilles’ heel of glioblastoma . 10 1.6 PI3K/RTK/AKT signaling and glioblastoma . 11 1.6. 1 PI3K family and activation of RTK/PI3K signaling pathway . 11 1.6. 2 Alterations in PTEN tumor suppressor gene and abnormal PI3K/AKT signaling . 13 1.6. 3 AKT signaling and its oncogenic functions . 15 1.6. 4 RICTOR/mTOR complex is a major positive regulator of AKT signaling . 17 1.7 Cell of origin and mouse models for glioblastoma . 22 1.8 Medulloblastoma and its pathogenesis . 24 1.9 Familial syndromes reveal the molecular basis of medulloblastoma . 26 1.10 Molecular classification enhances our understanding of medulloblastoma . 27 1.11 RTK/PI3K signaling in medulloblastoma . 33 1.12 Cerebellar development, germinal zones and neurogenesis . 33
Characteristics of Dry Matter Production Process in High-Yield Rice Varieties : VI. Comparisons between new and old rice varieties

Differences in yield, dry matter production, and harvest index between new (registered after 1955) and old (before 1940) Japanese rice varieties were examined with reference to light-intercepting characteristics, single-leaf photosynthesis, and dry matter accumulation in the panicle. The average yield of new varieties (586g/m2) was higher than that of old varieties (483g/m2) owing to higher dry matter production during the ripening period. This difference was caused by a smaller decline in the leaf photosynthetic rate and by the lower canopy light extinction coefficient observed in the new varieties, as compared with the old varieties, during the ripening period. The new varieties had a higher harvest index as compared with the old varieties, but there were no differences in sink size between them. The higher dry matter production in the new varieties resulted in the accumulation of assimilate in the culm at the late ripening stage. Clearly, the sink size was not enough in the new varieties, i.e. the sink size should be enlarged by using the Indica or Indica/Japonica hybrid varieties (Nanjing 11, Milyang 23) in the breeding program.
Morphometric Variation in Kinosternon Turtles of the Western United States and Adjacent Mexico

Discrimination of turtles of the genus Kinosternon in the western United States and adjacent Mexico has been difficult because most taxonomically useful characters are size- or sex-dependent, or vary within species. Multivariate comparisons of continuous shell characteristics indicate that shell shape is highly correlated with body size, and therefore strongly allometric. Size-independent variation in shell shape can largely distinguish the various species, regardless of age. Size-independent variation was further analyzed in one species, Kinosternon sonoriense, and distinguished males, females, and juveniles. Unfor- tunately, carapace length, a frequently-used measure of standard size in turtles, was found to be strongly allometric with respect to size. Patterns of discrimination among the Kino- sternon turtles of the western United States and adjacent Mexico are examined. These taxa in- clude K. hirtipes and K. sonoriense in the hirtipes species group, K. flavescens in the flavescens species group, and K. integrum and K. alamosae in the scorpioides species group. Identification of these taxa, although generally possible for adult specimens, is often problematic using any of the available keys because: (a) taxonomic char- acters are, in part, sex or age dependent; and (b) there is often remarkable variation within species for any given character. Morphometric analysis was undertaken to determine whether
Extremity anomalies associated with Robinow syndrome

Robinow syndrome, a rare genetic disorder, is characterized by skeletal dysplasia with, among other anomalies, extremity and hand anomalies. There is locus heterogeneity and both dominant and recessive inheritance. A detailed description of associated extremity and hand anomalies does not currently exist due to the rarity of this syndrome. This study seeks to document the hand anomalies present in Robinow syndrome to allow for improved rates of timely and accurate diagnosis. A focused assessment of the extremities and stature was performed using clinical examination and standard photographic images. A total of 13 patients with clinical and molecular diagnosis consistent with dominant Robinow syndrome or recessive Robinow syndrome were evaluated. All patients had limb shortening, the most common of which was mesomelia; however, rhizomelia and micromelia were also seen. These findings are relevant to clinical characterization, particularly as Robinow syndrome has classically been defined as a “mesomelic disorder. ” A total of eight distinct hand anomalies were identified in 12 patients with both autosomal recessive and dominant forms of Robinow syndrome. One patient did not present with any hand differences. The most common hand findings included brachydactyly, broad thumbs, and clinodactyly. A thorough understanding of the breadth of Robinow syndrome‐associated extremity and hand anomalies can aid in early patient identification, improving rates of timely diagnosis and allowing for proactive management of sequelae.
Combinatorial Signal Processing in an Insect

Human language is combinatorial: phonemes are grouped into syllables, syllables are grouped into words, and so on. The capacity for combinatorial processing is present, in different degrees, in some mammals and birds. We used vibrational insects, Enchenopa treehoppers, to test the hypothesis of basic combinatorial processing against two competing hypotheses: beginning rule (where the early signal portions play a stronger role in acceptability) and no ordering rule (where the order of signal elements plays no role in signal acceptability). Enchenopa males use plant-borne vibrational signals that consist of a whine followed by pulses. We tested the above hypotheses with vibrational playback experiments in which we presented Enchenopa females with stimuli varying in signal element combinations. We monitored female responses to these playbacks with laser vibrometry. We found strong support for combinatorial processing in Enchenopa: in brief, females preferred natural-combination signals regardless of the beginning element and discriminated against reverse-order signals or individual elements. Finding support for the combinatorial rule hypothesis in insects suggests that this capability represents a common solution to the problems presented by complex communication.
Mechanism of Cyclic Performance Fluctuation of TCP BBR and CUBIC TCP Communications

Traditional TCP congestion control algorithms, such as TCP Tahoe and TCP Reno, do not completely utilize the bandwidth of the recent long-fat networks. To address this issue, many fast TCP algorithms, such as CUBIC TCP, have been proposed. In addition, a novel TCP algorithm called TCP BBR was proposed in 2016. It is causes problems such as performance fairness between TCP algorithms. Existing studies have demonstrated that the performances of TCP BBR and CUBIC TCP severely fluctuate in networks where these TCP algorithms function competitively. However, the mechanism of this fluctuation has not been analyzed. In this paper, we reveal the cause of this performance fluctuation by analyzing insights into the behavior of these TCP algorithms and the queue in the bottlenecked link. When the TCP bottleneck bandwidth and round-trip propagation time (TCP BBR) connections dominate the consumption of the bandwidth, the DRAINs of TCP BBR significantly reduce the queue length and RTT. This causes a very small RTprop and a severe decrease in the congestion window size of TCP BBR. This small RTprop corresponds to an accurate round-trip propagation, but this accurate propagation, unfortunately, degrades the performance of the TCP BBR. Hence, CUBIC TCP becomes dominant. When CUBIC TCP connections dominate the bandwidth, the DRAINs of TCP BBR connections have little effect on the queue size and TCP BBR connections experience a large RTT. Thus, the RTprop and the congestion window sizes of TCP BBR connections increase significantly. Hence, TCP BBR becomes dominant.
Investigation of Self-Heating Effects in Vacuum Gate Dielectric Gate-all-Around Vertically Stacked Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistors

The self-heating effects in vacuum gate dielectric gate-all-around field effect transistors (GAA FETs) with vertically stacked 4-nm silicon nanowire (SiNW) channels are investigated by 3-D TCAD simulation. The cross-sectional dimension-dependent thermal conductivity model of the SiNW is proposed for the precise numerical simulation of self-heating effects based on the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of the bulk silicon. The thermal conductivity model which was verified by published data indicates that thermal conductivity of 4-nm SiNW is greatly reduced to below 10 W/mK due to the pronounced phonon boundary scattering. Simulation results shows that the vacuum gate dielectric devices undergo more severe self-heating effects than the solid gate dielectric GAA SiNW FETs, resulting in more serious performance degradation. Multiple heat sources generated by the three-stacked SiNWs make heat generation and diffusion more difficult. An effective method is proposed to suppress the self-heating effects by increasing the spacing of the gas gap within in a certain range and the around ambient gas pressure.
NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet refer to the expected revolution in production, utility management and, in general, fully automated, interconnected and digitally managed industrial ecosystems. One of the key enablers for Industry 4.0 lies on reliable and timely exchange of information and large scale deployment of wireless communications in industry facilities. Wireless will bring solutions to overcome the main drawbacks of the current wired systems: lack of mobility, deployment costs, cable damage dependency and scalability. However, the strict requirements in reliability and latency of use cases such as Factory Automation (FA) and Process Automation (PA) are still a major challenge and a barrier for massive deployment of currently available wireless standards. This paper proposes a PHY/MAC wireless communication solution for FA and PA based on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in combination with the 802.11n standard. The communication system proposed aims at delivering two different sets of services. The first service class is composed of Critical Services (CS) with strict restrictions in reliability and latency. The same communication system should convey also a second group of services, referred as Best Effort (BE) with more relaxed boundary conditions. The proposal theoretical background, a detailed transmission-reception architecture, the physical layer performance and the MAC level system reliability are presented in this paper. The solution provides significantly better reliability and higher flexibility than TDMA systems, jointly with a predictable control-cycle latency.
Diluted Starter Diet, Growth Performance, and Digestive Tract Development in Fast- and Slow-Growing Broilers

Abstract Broilers are challenged by metabolical, immunological, and skeletal disorders during a short lifespan. Faster-growing stocks may be frequently feed restricted via various management practices including dietary dilution. Information on the early posthatch nutrition of chicks, however, is limited. Hypothetically, one way to stimulate digestive tract development while slowing down body growth is to dilute the starter diet. In this experiment, wheat bran, usually well tolerated by chickens, was used in the formulation of a low energy and high fiber starter regimen until 11 days after hatch. Evaluated was its effect on food intake, digestive tract, and body development to 41 days of age in males of two stocks differing greatly in growth. Growth and tissue development were evaluated between 11 and 41 days of age when all chickens received the same concentrated diet. Gut development was nearly maintained even under very low nutritional status, but the initial delayed growth of the body could not be compensated for afterward in either stock. These results demonstrate that nutritional status during early life has long lasting effects on both fast- and slow-growing broilers.
Impact of Gate–Source/Drain Underlap on the Performance of Monolayer SiC Schottky-Barrier Field-Effect Transistor

Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors (SBF-ETs) based on 2-D semiconductors had been investigated as a substitute for a conventional metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) based on bulk silicon in the field of high-performance (HP) device. Especially, the monolayer SiC has been studied because it has a large band gap, which results in reducing the short-channel effect. In this article, the gate–source/drain underlap-dependent characteristics of HP SBFETs based on monolayer SiC with 5.1- and 4.6-nm gate lengths are investigated through <italic>ab initio</italic> simulations. The performances of the 5.1-nm monolayer SiC SBFET are degraded by the gate–source/drain underlap. The gate–source/drain underlap, however, shows the different improved performances for the 4.6-nm monolayer SiC SBFET. The gate–source underlap could enhance the ON-current to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2792~\mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the gate–drain underlap can enhance the ON-current to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1754~\mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which all far exceed the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) requirement.
Prevalence of Arterial Hypertension and Characteristics of Nocturnal Blood Pressure Profile of Asthma Patients According to Therapy and Severity of the Disease: The BADA Study

Background: several studies report an increased risk for asthmatic subjects to develop arterial hypertension and the relationship between these two diseases, frequently co-existing, still has some unclear aspects. Methods: The BADA (blood pressure levels, clinical features and markers of subclinical cardiovascular damage of asthma patients) study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the cardiovascular comorbidities of asthma and their impact on the clinical outcome. The main exclusion criteria were the presence of other respiratory diseases, current smoking, any contraindication to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results: The overall percentage of asthmatics having also hypertension was 75% (30 patients) vs. 45% (18 patients) of the control group (p: 0.012). Reduced level of FEV1 (but not inhaled steroid therapy) was associated to newly-diagnosed hypertension (p: 0.0002), higher day SBP levels (p: 0.003), higher day DBP levels (p: 0.03), higher 24 h-SBP levels (p: 0.005) and higher 24h-DBP levels (p: 0.03). The regression analysis performed taking into account sex, age, diabetes, fasting glucose, and body mass index confirms the independent role played by asthma: odds ratio (OR): 3.66 (CI: 1.29–11.1). Conclusions: hypertension is highly prevalent in asthma; the use of ABPM has allowed the detection of a considerable number of unrecognized hypertensives.
Composite Hydrogel of Methacrylated Hyaluronic Acid and Fragmented Polycaprolactone Nanofiber for Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Composite hydrogels with electrospun nanofibers (NFs) have recently been used to mimic the native extracellular matrix. In this study, composite hydrogels of methacrylated hyaluronic acid containing fragmented polycaprolactone NFs were used for bone tissue engineering. The composite (NF/hydrogel) was crosslinked under ultraviolet (UV) light. The incorporation of fragmented polycaprolactone NFs increased the compression modulus from 1762.5 to 3122.5 Pa. Subsequently, adipose-derived stem cells incorporated into the composite hydrogel exhibited a more stretched and elongated morphology and osteogenic differentiation in the absence of external factors. The mRNA expressions of osteogenic biomarkers, including collagen 1 (Col1), alkaline phosphatase, and runt-related transcription factor 2, were 3–5-fold higher in the composite hydrogel than in the hydrogel alone. In addition, results of the protein expression of Col1 and alizarin red staining confirmed osteogenic differentiation. These findings suggest that our composite hydrogel provides a suitable microenvironment for bone tissue engineering.
Reconstructing Compound Affective States using Physiological Sensor Data

The human affective state is a product of complex biological processes and environmental stimuli. Situation aware systems aim at identifying the affective state of an individual using data from a gamut of connected devices. The bottle necks for such systems include continuous data streams , mobility of the data collection apparatus, device ubiquity and the device cost. While there is research done using physiological sensors that can overcome these challenges, their accuracy is often dismal and the results are not granular, i.e. the affective state is singular. In this paper we present results from an experiment that enabled us to generate models to identify an individuals affective state as a mixture of emotional states and their respective activation's. Secondly, we show that the affective state of an individual is actually a mixture of emotional states ( amusement, anger, neutral, sad, fear and disgust). During an experimental study, 85 participants were induced with specific emotions using audio-visual stimulus. Physiological data including heart rate, blood volume pressure (BVP), inter beat interval(IBI) and electrodermal activity(EDA) along with a self-report indicating the levels of 6 emotional states that include Amusement, Anger, Sad, Disgust, Fear and Neutral was recorded. Additionally, we recorded a self-reported score for Anxiety. The videos used to induce emotions were validated in a recently published study in Psychology. The data collected was used to create models that identify the dominant emotional state and the emotional spectrum (activation levels of all emotional states) for an individual. We create a map between the physiological data and the dominant emotional state and also between physiological data and the self-report scores. In addition, we identify often overlooked characteristics of human emotion such as variability in perception and overlap of emotional states and finally create a topological map of emotional states based on physiological data.
Toxicity of β-caryophyllene from Vitex negundo (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) to Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its action mechanism.

To explore the insecticidal active constituents,toxic effects and toxicological mechanisms of Vitex negundo L.from Taishan Mountain,we investigated the insecticidal components of V.negundo weed seed extract utilizing silica gel column chromatography,GC-MS technology and biological activity tracking,and the toxicity and action mechanism of β-caryophyllene and α-pinene,isolated from V.negundo weed seed extract,against cotton aphid Aphis gossypii using bioassay and biochemical analysis.The results showed that β-caryophyllene and α-pinene with high toxic effect against A.gossypii were isolated from V.negundo weed seed extract by silica gel column chromatography repeatedly,with their contents as high as 7.68% and 5.45%,respectively.The contact toxicities of β-caryophyllene and α-pinene against A.gossypii were all obvious,and the higher one was β-caryophyllene whose LD50 reached 0.65×10-1 μg per individual.We also found strong repellent effect of β-caryophyllene and α-pinene against A.gossypii,with their AFC50 values being 0.80×103 and 0.89×103 mg/L,respectively,24 h after treatment.At the sublethal dose,they had significant adverse effects on the fertility,honeydew excretion frequency and honeydew production of the aphid.In vitro and in vivo conditions,β-caryophyllene and α-pinene distinctly inhibited the activities of acetylcholine esterase,polyphenol oxidase,carboxylesterase and glutathione S-tramsferases in A.gossypii. The results suggest that β-caryophyllene and α-pinene are important insecticidal compounds of V.negundo,and their action mechanisms show the characteristics of diversity.Therefore,they are worthy of further exploitation and application.
Formação de mudas de melancia em função de diferentes concentrações e formas de aplicação de mistura de reguladores vegetais

Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações e formas de aplicação de mistura de reguladores vegetais constantes no Stimulate ® na germinação e produção de mudas de melancia cv. Crimson Sweet. O primeiro experimento foi realizado em estufa tipo BOD, avaliando-se a germinação e o vigor em função das dosagens de Stimulate ® (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10 mL Kg -1 ) aplicadas via semente. O segundo experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, onde os tratamentos aplicados foram os mesmos utilizados no primeiro experimento, determinando-se a emergência e o desenvolvimento de plântulas. No terceiro experimento, as plântulas foram pulverizadas com Stimulate ® nas dosagens: 0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 e 1%, avaliando-se o comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz, número de folhas e massa seca da raiz e parte aérea. Nos três experimentos foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições. A aplicação da mistura de reguladores vegetais constantes no Stimulate ® na concentração de 5 ml kg -1 favoreceu a porcentagem de plântulas normais em melancia cv. Crimson Sweet. A porcentagem de emergência e desenvolvimento de plântulas de melancia não teve influência com a aplicação de Stimulate ® via sementes. A aplicação foliar do Stimulate ® na concentração de 0,5% promoveu mudas com maiores diâmetros de colo; entretanto essa forma de aplicação deve ser mais bem estudada em virtude de algumas características analisadas terem sido influenciadas negativamente, como o comprimento radicular. Palavras-chave: Citrullus lanatus, plântulas, regulador vegetal.