Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some species of Wetzeliella Eisenack (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand Eocene and Paleocene strata

Summary Eleven species are described from five localities in Hawkes Bay, South Canterbury, and Otago. Six are new: Wetzeliella (Wetzeliella) tabulata, Kaiatan Stage; IV. (W.) hampdenensis, Bortonian; W. (W.) echinosuturata, Porangan; W. (W.) edwardsi, Heretaungan and Mangaorapan; W. (W.) ornata, Mangao-rapan; and W. (Rhombodinium) waipawaensis, top Waipawan. The other five species have previously been described from overseas, four from Europe: Wetzeliella (Rhombodinium) glabra Cookson, a new variety of which is described, from the Kaiatan Stage; W. (Wetz.) coleothrypta Williams and Downie, Heretaungan and Mangaorapan; IV. (W.) articulata Eisenack, Danne-virke Series; W. (W.) hyperacantha Cooks. E and W. (W.) homomorpha Defl. & Cooks. , Waipawan and Teurian. Results indicate that the genus should prove very useful in the correlation of New Zealand and overseas Eocene and Paleocene strata. A peridinioid tabulation is demonstrated for W. (W.) tabulata and W. (W.) echinosuturata.
The effect of drilling date on the growth and yield of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Summary The effects of drilling date (18 August–22 September) on the growth and yield of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus) was studied in a series of five experiments over three seasons. Autumn and winter growth of the crop, as measured by dry weight of tops and leaf area, was severely reduced by delayed drilling, especially if it was later than 10 September. However, during the spring and early summer the differences in crop weight due to drilling date declined and in four of the five experiments there were no detectable differences in seed yield between early- and late-sown crops. The yield decline in the fifth trial was small. Measurements of components of yield showed that later-sown crops had fewer pods per plant and slightly smaller seeds but apparently more seeds per pod. The practical significance and reasons for the recovery of late drilled crops from early poorer growth are discussed.
Diversity of Halimeda (Chlorophyta) from the Thai–Malay Peninsula

Abstract: The Thai–Malay Peninsula separates the Andaman Sea from the Gulf of Thailand. This barrier is known to affect species distribution and genetic diversity of marine organisms. Biodiversity studies need a correct species taxonomy to interpret their biogeography; this is especially relevant in marine algae where morphological characters are few or cryptic. We address species distributions of the important macroalgal genus Halimeda. The combination of morphological data and chloroplast tufA gene sequences were used to identify species, and to reveal the variation among Halimeda species around the Thai–Malay Peninsula. The morpho-anatomical and molecular analysis showed eight species of Halimeda in Thai and Malaysian waters: Halimeda borneensis, H. discoidea, H. gigas, H. macroloba, H. micronesica, H. minima, H. opuntia, H. renschii, and two undescribed species. Three species, H. minima, H. renschii and H. micronesica, were reported for the first time from the area. Species variation was much greater in the Andaman Sea than in the Gulf of Thailand. Our results show great variation in species composition and genetic variation between the two sides of the peninsula, which could be due to differences in sea-surface currents and environmental differences between the two sides of this important marine barrier.
Omega-3 Enrichment of Broiler Meat by Using Two Oil Seeds

A 42-d study was conducted to evaluate the influence of full-fat flaxseed (FS) and canola seed (CS) on broiler performance, fatty acid (FA) profile of meat, and the oxidative stability of meat during frozen storage. A total of 324 one-day old broiler chicks were randomly attributed to 6 experimental groups and fed iso-energetic and isonitrogenous diets as follows, C: control (soybean-corn); CS1: 7.5% CS; CS2: 15% CS; CS-FS: 10% FS+10% CS; FS1: 7.5% FS; FS2: 15% FS. Negative effect on performance parameters were found by diets containing FS and CS i.e. feeding oil seeds resulted in significantly (P 0.05) among treatments. Inclusion of FS and CS significantly increased (P< 0.01) the concentration of omega-3 fatty acid (�-Linolenic acid= ALA) and decreased the content of the arachidonic acid (AA). Total omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio was significantly lower for all FS and CS fed groups compared with the control (P< 0.01). Inclusion of FS and CS decreased the oxidative stability of raw meat (breast and thigh) during frozen storage period based on thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values (P< 0.01). In conclusion, by adding vegetable sources of omega-3 to the broiler chicken diets, the omega-3 fatty acid content of broiler meat can be increased, which may have beneficial effects on human health.
Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck) comb. nov. (the Herbicola-Lathyri Bacteria)

The biochemical reactions given by 361 strains of herbicolala-thyri bacteria were studied and reported. The microorganisms were categorized into 11 principal biogroups on the basis of reduction of nitrate and their Voges-Proskauer and indole reactions. The taxonomic positions and the nomenclature of the bacteria were discussed in detail, and the microorganisms were classified in the genus Enterobacter as Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck) comb. nov. NCTC 9381 (ATCC 27155; CDC 1461–67) was designated as the neotype strain of the species.
Action Levels for Poisonous or Deleterious Substances in Human Food and Animal Feed

Abstract : This list of current action levels for poisonous or deleterious substances in human food or animal feed was established by the Food and Drug Administration to control levels of contaminants in food and feeds. In accordance with Title 21, Code of Federal regulations, Part 509.4 actions levels for poisonous or deleterious substances may be established and will be revoked when a tolerance for the same substance and use becomes effective. This list is current as of January 6, 1978. It is the responsibility of the user of the list to keep up-to-date on the action levels which may be established or for any revision or revocation of existing action levels. The levels represent the limit at or above which FDA will take legal action against the product to remove it from the market. Where no established tolerance or action level exists, the FDA may take legal action against the product at the minimum detectable level.
When payments for environmental services will work for conservation

Using the article by Muradian et al. ( ) as entry point, I develop a broader framework for the conditions needed to allow PES to emerge and function. It is argued that PES are designed as instruments with clear goals, and will function without markets, economic valuation, or commoditized services. As a highly adaptive management tool, PES are particularly suited for achieving equitable and flexible conservation outcomes. However, PES do require a payment culture and good organization from service users, a trustful negotiation climate, and well‐defined land‐ or resource‐tenure regimes for providers. These demanding preconditions may explain why PES implementation, while promising in many cases, has only spread slowly in low‐income countries.
Metabolic Responses of Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) to Acute Environmental Hypoxia

Rainbow trout were subjected to 1 and 3h of environmental hypoxia (20Torr, 4°C), after which samples of blood, heart, brain, liver, and red and white muscle were removed for metabolite determination. The heart, brain and white muscle all showed signs of glycolytic activation. High-energy phosphate stores in the liver were greatly depleted, although there was no measurable decline in liver glycogen content. Glycolytic activation in the white muscle is argued to have a major impact on the hypoxia tolerance of trout, as this tissue produces the bulk of the lactate. These responses of the trout are contrasted with those of the African lungfish, a fish which is relatively tolerant of hypoxia.
Specialisation of bacterial endosymbionts that protect aphids from parasitoids

1. Infection by the bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa is capable of protecting the pea aphid from parasitism by Aphidius ervi and the black bean aphid from parasitism by Lysiphlebus fabarum. Here we investigate protection of a third aphid species, the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, from four parasitoid species: Binodoxys communis, B. koreanus, Lysiphlebus orientalis, and Aphidius colemani.
Fungal associates of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus L. (Col. Scolytidae) in relation to different trapping methods

Ips typographus transports spores of various sapwood‐staining fungi, mainly in the pits of the pronota and elytra. When pheromone trapping is used to collect beetles, the spores of fungi from different beetles may mix. Therefore, the species composition of fungi associated with J. typographus was investigated in eastern Finland using beetles caught by different trapping methods. The beetles were collected individually by hand or in pheromone traps with or without vermiculite used as insulating material in trap containers to prevent surface contamination between beetles. The beetles were inoculated into Norway spruce logs with a cork borer and the frequencies of fungi were determined by isolation of fungi from bark and sapwood. The most frequent ophiostomatoid species were O. penicillatum and O. europhioides. Other common fungi were Graphium and Leptographium species. The species that were isolated occasionally were O. ainoae, O. bicolor, O. piceae, O. tetropii and C. polonica. Relationships between fungal observations were analysed one by one. In pairwise comparison of pheromone trapping and individually collected beetles, the frequencies of fungi isolated from beetles differed significantly. However, when all trapping methods were compared simultaneously, the differences were not significant.
Isolement du virus West Nile au Maroc

Durant l'ete 1996, une pathologie inhabituelle chez des chevaux de la zone littorale atlantique au nord-ouest du Maroc etait rapportee aux services veterinaires. Elle se caracterisait par une paralysie ascendante des membres posterieurs evoluant vers la mort dans 40 % des cas ou vers un retablissement lent mais sans sequelles pour le reste des animaux. L'histopathologie orientait vers une infection virale du systeme nerveux ; cependant, les investigations de laboratoire permettaient d'eliminer rapidement les maladies virales classiques telles la rhinopneumonie ou la peste equine. Un broyat d'encephale d'un cheval decede etait inocule sur cinq types cellulaires differents. Apres plusieurs passages, un virus cytopathique sur cellules BSR, sensible aux solvants des lipides et de taille inferieure a 100 nm, etait isole. Parallelement, des serums de chevaux malades etaient testes contre les alphavirus des encephalites equines americaine, Eastern, Western et Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (EEE, WEE, VEE), et contre le flavivirus West Nile, connu en France pour avoir ete responsable d'une pathologie comparable en Camargue dans les annees 1960 [1]. Ces 9 prelevements etaient positifs en IgG contre West Nile. Pour etayer cette suspicion, deux series de prelevements realisees dans un meme elevage en mars et en octobre 1996 etaient testees contre West Nile et montraient une nette seroconversion entre les deux dates. La confirmation venait de l'identification par immunofluorescence du virus isole en culture et l'etude en microscopie electronique montrait les aspects caracteristiques de cette famille des Flaviviridae rapportes dans la legende.
Correlations and path analysis of yield components in synthetic varieties of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)

This study was made in order to determine the correlations between seed yield and some yield components, and the direct and indirect effects of these characters on seed yield in sunflower. Four experimental synthetic varieties (Syn 1s), their parental mixtures (Syn Os) and two standard varieties (open pollinated: Vniimk 8931, and commercial hybrid: Sunbred-281) were evaluated in replicated field trials under Turkish conditions in 1995, 1996 and 1997. Agronomic characteristics such as plant height, head diameter, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and seed yield were observed for correlations and path coefficient analysis.According to the results, seed yield gave significant positive correlations with plant height, head diameter, number of seeds per head and 1000-seed weight. The highest positive correlation was observed between seed yield and number of seeds per head (r=0.890**). Path analysis indicated that the number of seeds per head gave the greatest direct effect (+0.7269) on seed yield, foll.
Efficient initiation of in vitro culture at wheat.

Wheat is one of the most important crop plant species used for food and feed as well as in the bioethanol industry and therefore it was in the center of biotechnological research and it is still present. The main aim of this article is to investigate the efficiency of the Blidar type filter-paper bridges in initiating the wheat in vitro cultures for liquid culture media, in comparison with the conventional agarized culture media – solid culture media. In these experiments it were used modified Murashige-Skoog culture media (1962) (free of AIA and amino acids) supplemented or not with agar. The agarized culture media is used as a control and the liquid culture media is used for being provided with filter-paper bridges designated to maintaining the inocula at the upper level of the liquid culture media. The inocula consisted in caryopsis of Triticum aestivum L. (hybrid Kiskun Gold HU 142 238). Based on the results of these experiments it can be underlined that growth increases for the cultivated vitroplants on liquid culture media provided with filter-paper bridges compared with those conventianlly cultivated on an agarized culture media, as following 2.55% for fresh weight and 55.27% for hypocotyls length.
Evaluation of existing and new insecticides including spirotetramat and pyridalyl to control Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on peppers in Queensland.

Insecticides are used by growers to control Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) in Australian vegetable crops. However, limited information was available on the efficacy of some insecticides used against F. occidentalis and data on new insecticides that could be included in a resistance management program were required. The efficacy of 16 insecticides in controlling F. occidentalis was tested in four small plot trials in chillies and capsicums. Spinosad, fipronil and methamidophos were effective against adults and larvae. Spirotetramat had no efficacy against adults but was very effective against larvae. Pyridalyl was moderately effective against larvae. Methidathion showed limited effectiveness. Abamectin, amorphous silica, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, imidacloprid, methomyl and insecticidal soap were not effective. Laboratory bioassays on F. occidentalis collected from the field trials showed resistance to bifenthrin but not to the other insecticides tested. The trials demonstrated that some insecticides permitted for use against F. occidentalis are not effective and identified a number of insecticides, including the new ones spirotetramat and pyridalyl, that are effective and that could be used to manage the pest within a resistance management program.
Storage of strawberry pollen

This study was carried out to determine storage ability of strawberry pollen at different temperatures for three different strawberry cultivars 'Aliso', 'Brio', and 'Cruz'. Strawberry pollen was stored at room temperature (22 ±2°C), +4°C, -4°C and -18°C in stabile humidity conditions. Strawberry poIlen was germinated using the hanging drop method in a 20% sucrose solution. Pollen germination rate increased because of low temperature storage. Pollen stored at room temperature and +4°C, -4°C, and -18°C was kept for 8 months, about one year, and 20 months, respectively. Pollen germination rates decreased as the length of storage period increased. The reaction of all cultivars tested on the duration and temperature of storage was similar.
Numerical Investigations of Wake and Shock Wave Effects on Film Cooling Performance in a Transonic Turbine Stage: Part 2 — Unsteadiness Effect in a 2D Rotating Passage

Using the validated CFD model and realizable k-e turbulence model from Part 1, the unsteadiness effects of shock waves and wake flow on the pressure coefficient and film cooling performance in a 2-D, rotating passage is studied in Part 2. Both time-dependent and time-averaged cooling effectiveness distributions on the rotor under the influence of shock waves and unsteady wake flows are presented with blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. The results show that (a) the unsteady wake passing caused by the blade rotation significantly influences the time-dependent pressure coefficients, especially in the forward region downstream of the stagnation point on both the suction and pressure sides on the rotor. This effect can be evidenced by the “wrapping behavior” of a strong vorticity field wrapping around the blade leading edge after the wake hit the blade (b) On the suction side, over the crown area of the rotor, the wake-induced pressure fluctuations are augmented by the weak shock wave emanating from the stator’s trailing edge, appearing as a primary peak followed by a secondary peak. The weak oblique shock wave can be evidenced by the dense Mach contour curves. The effect of the wake (rotational) is distinguished from that of the shock (inviscid and non-rotational) by comparing the pressure gradient field with the vorticity field. (c) Similar effects of passing wakes and shock waves on the surface pressure on a rotor are observed on the film cooling effectiveness, except that these effects are of the same magnitude. (d) The effect of the blowing ratio on the static pressure distribution at the rotor wall is not significant, whereas its effect on the film cooling effectiveness is more pronounced.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The effect of concentration of suspension and inert material on the assimilation of algae by three bivalves

Assimilation efficiencies reported for bivalves vary, but different experimental conditions, in particular the concentration of the suspension at which the animals are fed, may affect the values found. Widdows & Bayne (1971) determined the assimilation efficiency for Mytilus edulis when fed Tetraselmis and they found that efficiencies decreased with increasing concentration of cells. Allen (1962) fed radioactively labelled Phaeodactylum to Mya arenaria and Venus striatula and suggested that the amount of P recovered in the faeces was proportional to the amount of algae ingested rather than to concentration of suspension directly. However, Winter (1969) concluded that for Arctica islandica and Modiolus modiolus there was no relation between assimilation efficiency and concentration of algae.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Reproductive and Vegetative Characters among Tetraploid Triticum L. Species (Poaceae; Triticeae) in Iran

This study concerns the evaluation of 19 vegetative and reproductive characters (7 qualitative and 12 quantitative) among 45 accessions belonging to wild and cultivated tetraploid Triticum L. species: T. turgidum L. , T. durum Desf. , T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schrebler and T. dicoccoides (Koern. ex Aschers. et Graebn.) Aaronsohn, occurring in Iran. The results of this study show that T. turgidum is a distinct species from T. durum, and T. dicoccum showed high similarity to T. dicoccoides. The strong relationship between the latter pair of species may result from a high degree of gene flow between them. The diagnostic characters between T. turgidum and the other 3 species are the number of awns in the uppermost spikelet, form of the keel of the glume, leaf indumentum, spike shape, lodicule form and quality of the endosperm.
THE BIOLOGY OF A BROODING SEASTAR, LEPTASTERIAS TENERA, IN BLOCK ISLAND SOUND

Leptasterias tenera (Stimpson) was sampled from a muddy habitat, 28-37 m deep, dominated by tubicolous amphipods. The seastars were seldom aggregated and had mean densities of 3-8 individuals per m2. L. tenera is holophagous, feeding primarily on small crustaceans which they capture with the pedicellariae and tube feet. Approximately half of the branched testes in mature males are degenerated or absent, but females usually have 10 lobate ovaries. Females initially brood embryos in their pyloric stomach and hold them externally during the latter half of the brooding period. The embryos are attached in cohesive masses by their elongate brachiolar appendages. L. tenera is slow-growing and iteroparous. The gonad and digestive caecum organ indices of L. tenera are not in phase with each other. Caecum index values indicate that females neither store more nutrient, nor utilize more reserves during the brooding period than males. Sexually mature males appear to have a higher rate of mortality than females. Thus, .
Fotossíntese e taxa diária de produção de forragem em pastagens de capim-tanzânia sob lotação intermitente

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of grazing intensity on forage accumulation rate and on net leaf photosynthesis of Tanzania guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pastures under rotational stocking. The experiment was carried out from November 1999 to October 2000, in a randomized complete block experimental design, with four replications. Treatments were three levels of residual green forage biomass (1,000, 2,500, and 4,000 kg ha -1) in grazing cycles of 36 days (33 days of rest and 3 days of grazing). Forage accumulation rate was not affected by grazing intensities, and it was highest in the first 11 days of regrowth during the periods of the highest temperatures. Net leaf photosynthesis was not affected by grazing intensity (mean 23.2 µmol m -2 s -1 CO2) and increased during regrowth with the highest values between the 11th and the 22nd days of rest, depending on the season of the year. Net leaf photosynthesis was correlated with sward structure changes, during leaf development. The use of fixed rest periods avoided alterations of forage accumulation rate caused by grazing intensity.
Light and storage on the germination of spores of Dicksonia sellowiana (Presl.) Hook., Dicksoniaceae

Os esporos de Dicksonia sellowiana sao fotoblasticos positivos e atingem a maxima porcentagem de germinacao a 23 ± 2°C em luz branca apos sete dias de embebicao. A fase de pre-inducao para esporos induzidos por 24 horas de luz branca ou vermelha foi de 72 horas. Os gametofitos crescidos em luz branca apresentaram-se planos e bidimensionais enquanto os crescidos sob luz vermelha mostraram-se filamentosos. Quanto maior o numero de horas diarias de luz aplicadas durante 10 dias, maior foi a porcentagem de germinacao. A germinacao foi maior em tratamentos diarios de luz branca de longa duracao. O efeito de diferentes intensidades luminosas sobre a germinacao tambem foi estudado neste trabalho. Verificou-se que 43 e 2% da luz solar maxima produziram as menores porcentagens de germinacao, enquanto que 26, 19 e 4% produziram porcentagens de germinacao mais altas. Esporos apresentaram cerca de 82% de germinacao apos 731 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeracao a aproximadamente 10°C.