Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Price or Convenience: What Is More Important for Online and Offline Bookings? A Study of a Five-Star Resort Hotel in Taiwan

Low price or convenience? What is more important for online and offline bookings? For the sustainable development of the hospitality industry, it is necessary to know the opinions of customers about their online/offline hotel booking experiences. This study aimed to predict the customers’ online/offline booking behavior toward a resort hotel in Taiwan by adapting the marketing mix elements. We first designed and executed a detailed questionnaire involving approximately 300 respondents from a five-star hotel in Taiwan, used hypothesis testing to extract important factors from the data, and finally used logistic regression of these factors to predict the customer choices effectively. The study results show that the majority of the customers believe that booking hotel services online provides for a broader choice, offers more discounts and more privacy than available while booking offline, and is cheaper, faster, and more reliable and convenient. The outcomes of logistic regression confirm that “broad choice,” but not “low price” has the most significant impact on the customers booking a resort accommodation online or offline. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that the younger customers (under the age of 45) and those with university degrees are significantly more likely to make the reservations online for a resort. The findings and the recommendations can provide valuable inputs to the resort industry practitioners in Taiwan for improving the online booking services.
Awareness of COVID-19 and perception of work satisfaction among healthcare workers at Patan Hospital, Nepal

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) awareness of disease outbreak, and working efficiently in a changed environment is vital to fight pandemic. How an institution responds to the crisis depends on HCWs response. This study aims to find out awareness of COVID-19 and work satisfaction of HCWs at Patan Hospital (PH), Nepal. Method: A cross-sectional questionnaires base descriptive study was conducted at PH, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal, in April 2020. The HCWs were grouped in to technical staff, doctors, and support staff. There were 20 questions each in the awareness of COVID-19 and work satisfaction domain. Ethical approval was obtained. Result: Of all the staff, 223 various level staffs responded to the questionnaire. There were 80 (35.9%) technical staff, 77 (34.5%) doctors and 66 (29.6%) support staff in the study. In the technical staff group 1106 (69.2%) responses were in favour of having good awareness and 1337 (83.5%) responses were in favour of satisfaction. In the doctors’ group 1233 (80.1%) responses were in favour of having good awareness and 1000 (65%) responses were in favour of satisfaction. In the support staff group 236 (17.7%) responses were in favour of having good awareness and 347 (26.2%) responses were in favour of satisfaction. Conclusion: Our study showed that technical staff and doctors had higher levels of perception of work satisfaction and awareness for COVID-19. Keyword: awareness, COVID-19, health care workers, perception, work satisfaction
Embryogenesis and metamorphosis in a haplosclerid demosponge: gastrulation and transdifferentiation of larval ciliated cells to choanocytes

Early development and metamorphosis of Reniera sp. , a haplosclerid demosponge, have been examined to determine how gastrulation occurs in this species, and whether there is an inversion of the primary germ layers at metamorphosis. Embryogenesis occurs by unequal cleavage of blastomeres to form a solid blastula consisting micro- and macromeres; multipolar migration of the micromeres to the surface of the embryo results in a bi-layered embryo and is interpreted as gastrulation. Polarity of the embryo is determined by the movement of pigment-containing micromeres to one pole of the embryo; this pole later becomes the posterior pole of the swimming larva. The bi-layered larva has a fully differentiated monociliated outer cell layer, and a solid interior of various cell types surrounded by dense collagen. The pigmented cells at the posterior pole give rise to long cilia that are capable of responding to environmental stimuli. Larvae settle on their anterior pole. Fluorescent labeling of the monociliated outer cell layer with a cell-lineage marker (CMFDA) demonstrates that the monociliated cells resorb their cilia, migrate inwards, and transdifferentiate into the choanocytes of the juvenile sponge, and into other amoeboid cells. The development of the flagellated choanocytes and other cells in the juvenile from the monociliated outer layer of this sponge's larva is interpreted as the dedifferentiation of fully differentiated larval cells-a process seen during the metamorphosis of other ciliated invertebrate larvae-not as inversion of the primary germ layers. These results suggest that the sequences of development in this haplosclerid demosponge are not very different than those observed in many cnidarians.
The Dynamics of the Species-Area Relation in Marine Fouling Systems: 1. Biological Correlates of Changes in the Species-Area Slope

After creating an archipelago of fouling panel islands, spanning three orders of magnitude in area, in Puget Sound, Washington, we monitored colonization at frequent intervals for 13/4 yr. The larger panels fill up more slowly than the smaller panels and accumulate a larger fraction of the species pool. The latter would be expected even if the species pool were constant through time, but in this temperate region, the pool changes seasonally, further contributing to the increased species number on large panels. The relative proportion of edge-to-center space on panels appears in part to determine their relative rates of filling up. Slopes of species-area curves computed for these artificial islands rapidly rise for 10 wk, then remain fairly constant. Extinction rates are negligible in this 10-wk period; thus immigration differences are nearly entirely responsible for the species-area relation. Both colonial and solitary species are present throughout the observation period: The former predominate initially, giving way to the latter.
Notes on some species of the Falcatus group of Gonodactylus (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Gonodactylidae)

Manning, Raymond B. Notes on Some Species of the Falcatus Group of Gonodactylus (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Gonodactylidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 258, 15 pages, 13 figures, 1978. —Five species of the Falcatus group of Gonodactylus are described and illustrated. Gonodactylus glabrous Brooks, G. mutatus Lanchester, and G. ternatensis De Man are removed from the synonymy of G. falcatus (Forskal) and are redescribed from type-specimens; G. falcatus is redescribed from topotypical material; and G. randalh, new species, is described. Gonodactylus rotundus Borradaile is considered a synonym of G. mutatus Lanchester. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Manning, Raymond B. Notes on some species of the Falcatus group of Gonodactylus (Crustacea, Stomatopoda, Gonodactylidae). (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 258) Bibliography: p. 1. Gonodactylus. 2. Crustacea—Classification. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 258. QL1.S54 no. 258 [QL444.MS75] 59I'. 08s [595'. 382] 77-10754
LABORATORY STUDIES ON RESISTANCE TO CYPERMETHRIN IN DAMALINIA OVIS (SCHRANK) (PHTHIRAPTERA: TRICHODECTIDAE)

A treated surface technique to measure the response of the sheep body louse, Damalinia ovis to contact insecticides is described. The responses of 30 populations of D. ovis to the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin showed wide variation at LC95 and LC95. Half the populations sampled were considered as pyrethroid susceptible, based on 100% mortality at 5 ppm (or less) to cypermethrin. This suggests that factors other than pyrethroid resistance were responsible for inefficient lice control on the properties from which these populations were obtained. Lice surviving 5 ppm or greater were considered provisionally as resistant. When these individuals predominate, the proportion of the lice population killed by pour‐on treatments is insufficient to prevent detectable infestations being present soon after treatment.
Population Ecology of Snowshoe Hares in the Central Rocky Mountains

Measurements of natality rates, survival rates, movements, and densities were integrated to describe the mechanics of population balance for snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) in Colorado (1969-71) and Utah (1972-73), near the southern extreme of this species' range. Adult home-range size averaged eight hectares in spruce (Picea spp.)-fir (Abies spp.) forest, the preferred habitat. Juveniles used unforested habitat more frequently than adults. Population density remained stable throughout the duration of both studies; historical accounts also indicate population densities have remained fairly stable in the Rocky Mountain region. Hares commenced breeding from mid-April to mid-May. Females surviving an entire reproductive season produced an average of 2.1-2.3 litters annually. Later-litter sizes, averaging 4.8 in Colorado and 5.9 in Utah, were larger than most litter sizes reported from higher latitudes. The annual natality rate was 8.2 and 11.5 young per female surviving an entire reproductive season in Colorado and Utah, respectively. Annual survival rate for adults in Colorado was 0.45. About 16 percent of juveniles born each summer needed to survive until the following breeding season to balance the population density. Second-litter juveniles had a lower survival rate than did first-litter juveniles. We surmise the long-term stability of the hare population in the Rocky Mountains to be related to dispersal of juveniles into poor (open) habitats where survival is low. The discontinuity of preferred spruce-fir habitat allows dispersal into open habitat to occur readily, and this may be the main mechanism averting the potential population increase. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 39(3):535-549 The snowshoe hare is indigenous to boreal forests throughout North America. This species has long interested population ecologists because of its "cyclic" population fluctuations (Keith 1963); however, mechanisms of population regulation are still poorly understood. In particular, little is known about population characteristics of hares in the southernmost extension of its range in the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains in the United States. This paper helps fill this void by presenting information on the population ecology of snowshoe hares in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado (1969-71) and northern Utah (197273). The study had three objectives: (1) to estimate local densities of snowshoe hares, (2) to examine natality rates, survival rates, and movements, and to describe the immediate mechanics of population balance and fluctuation, and (3) to compare these populat on parameters with those published from snowshoe hare studies conducted at higher latitudes in an effort to clarify mechanisms causing cyclic fluctuations. We gratefully acknowledge J. E. Gross and M. L. Wolfe for their guidance and interest. D. A. Hein, F. H. Wagner, F. A. Glover, H. S. Donoho, S. Dolbeer, and M. Laderach also provided timely assistance.
Menopausal Symptoms in Japanese Nurses: Differences between Smokers and Non-Smokers

This study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to clarify the differences in menopausal symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in Japanese nurses and the relationship between job-related stress and smoking. The proportion of smokers was 10.3%. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to have menopausal symptoms such as heart beating quickly or strongly, difficulty in sleeping, loss of interested in most things and night sweat. The scores for anxiety and vasomotor factors in smokers were significantly higher than non-smokers in the postmenopausal stage. Support to stop smoking should be provided before menopausal transition.
Influence of exogenous enzyme supplementation on energy utilisation and nutrient digestibility of cereals for broilers

The influence of a microbial phytase, produced by solid-state fermentation, on the apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of phosphorus, nitrogen and starch in sorghum, maize, wheat and barley was examined using 4-week-old broilers. For wheat and barley, the influence of phytase, individually or in combination with glycanases, was also evaluated. Microbial phytase improved (p 0.05). Further improvements (p < 0.05) in the apparent metabolisable energy of wheat and barley were observed when the phytase was combined with glycanases. However, the observed improvements in apparent metabolisable energy were not always associated with enhanced ileal digestibility of protein and starch.
The vascular flora of Terra Nova National Park, Newfoundland, Canada: a biodiversity analysis from a biogeographical and life form perspective

Terra Nova National Park, located on the east coast of Newfoundland, has a vascular flora of 535 taxa, including 33 rare species and 94 introduced taxa. About 75% of the native flora of the Park is composed of hemicryptophyte and cryptophyte species. Phanerophytes and nanophanerophytes represent only 13% of the flora, but the percentages of occurrence of these life forms reaches 31%. The flora of the Park is mainly boreal (56%), composed mainly of Boreal North American, Boreal Eastern North American, and Circumboreal elements. Arctic-alpine species are infrequent. We report two species as new to Newfoundland: Festuca richardsonii Hooker (Poaceae) and Carex communis L.H. Bailey var. communis (Cyperaceae). Significant positive and negative associations between (i) life forms and (ii) phytogeographical elements, and the distribution of species within the habitats of the Park were established using the Fourth Corner Method. Distribution of life forms and phytogeographical elements within habitats of the Park .
High-density areas for harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) identified by satellite tracking

The population status of harbor porpoises has been of concern for several years, and the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) has been suggested as a method to protect the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena, Linneaus 1758) and other small cetaceans. In order to designate MPAs, high-density areas for the species must be identified. Spatial distribution of small cetaceans is usually assessed from ship or aerial surveys. As a potentially more accurate alternative, this study examined the movements and area preferences of 64 harbor porpoises, satellite tagged between 1997 and 2007, in order to determine the distribution in the North Sea, the western Baltic, and the waters in between. Results show that harbor porpoises are not evenly distributed, but congregate in nine high-density areas within the study area. Several of these areas are subject to significant seasonal variation. The study found no differences in the home range size of males and females, but immature harbor porpoises have larger home ranges than mature porpoises. The use of satellite telemetry for identifying areas of high harbor porpoise density can be of key importance when designating MPAs.
New for Poland tubificid [Oligochaeta] species from karstic springs

The majority of oligochaete species living in springs are ubiquitous and widely distributed taxa but cold stenothermic, semiaquatic and rare ones are also found. In Poland about 50 species are known from springs among 185 aquatic and semi-aquatic species found in whole country. Gianius aquaedulcis (Hrabĕ 1960) (Tubificidae, Phallodrilinae) is reported for the first time from Poland from two karstic springs situated in Kraków – Częstochowa Upland (South Poland). Both springs are hillside, fissure, descending, rheocrenes, with discharge about 30– 40 L s-1. Spring no 1 is situated in banked pond, spring no 2 has natural character. Their bottom is sandy or sandy-gravely, with patches of detritus, mud and plants. The conductivity, concentration of main cations (Ca, Mg) and anions (Cl, SO4) were typical for spring waters of this limestone area; only concentration of nitrate is slightly elevated. The samples of bottom fauna (a polyethylene corer and a bottom scraper) and water for chemical analysis were taken seasonally. This species was more numerous in a banked spring than in the natural one (maximal density about 1600 ind. m-2) and seasonal changes of its density were similar in both springs. Mature specimens formed only 5–8% of the population and were present in all sampling data. G. aquaedulcis is known from a few localities only (Germany, France, Spain and USA). It lives in underground and surface waters, with slightly alkaline pH on sandy or stony bottom. Maybe this species forms a few relictic populations which persist in subterranean (cave or hyporheic) waters of some geographic regions at least since the last glacial epoch. The existence of small anatomical differences (for example various thickness of the muscular lining of the atria and changeable shape of penial setae) among the studied populations from various countries seems to confirm this hypothesis.
Differences in woody vegetation are unrelated to use by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Mkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa

The reintroduction of African elephants into fenced game reserves throughout South Africa has presented managers with several challenges. Although elephants are a natural part of southern African ecosystems, their confinement to fenced protected areas in South Africa has exacerbated their potential to impact their habitats negatively. However, many studies investigating the impact of elephants have failed to control for the effects of other browsers on the vegetative community. In this study, we used location data on an elephant herd to delineate high-use and low-use areas. This paired design allowed us to minimize confounding factors that could explain differences in the structure, diversity and utilization of woody species. We found little evidence to suggest elephant-mediated change in, or selection for, the structure or diversity of woody species; however, our results suggest that elephants may be altering the composition of species by preferentially using areas with higher canopy diversity and by enhancing sapling recruitment. Although stripping of bark was higher in high-use areas, there was no evidence of differential mortality of tree species. Therefore, in our study area, and over the current time scale, elephants are having a negligible impact on the vegetative community. Resume La reintroduction d’elephants africains dans des reserves de faune cloturees dans toute l’Afrique du Sud represente plusieurs defis pour les gestionnaires. Bien que les elephants fassent naturellement partie des ecosystemes d’Afrique australe, leur confinement dans des aires protegees cloturees en Afrique du Sud a exacerbe leur capacite d’avoir des impacts negatifs sur leurs habitats. Pourtant, les nombreuses etudes qui ont recherche l’impact des elephants ont omis de controler l’effet des autres herbivores sur la communaute vegetale. Dans cette etude, nous avons utilise des donnees sur la localisation des hardes d’elephants pour delimiter les zones plus ou moins frequentees. Cette etude couplee nous a permis de minimiser les facteurs pretant a confusion qui pouvaient expliquer des differences de structure, de diversite et d’utilisation des especes ligneuses. Nous avons trouve peu de preuves qui auraient indique que les elephants changeaient ou selectionnaient la structure ou la diversite des especes ligneuses; cependant, nos resultats suggerent que les elephants pourraient modifier la composition des especes en choisissant de preference les zones ou la diversite de la canopee est plus elevee et en stimulant le recrutement de jeunes plants. Meme si les arrachages d’ecorces etaient plus nombreux dans les zones tres frequentees, il n’y avait aucune preuve d’une mortalite differentielle selon les especes d’arbres. C’est pourquoi, dans l’aire ou nous avons travaille, et pour le moment, on peut dire que les elephants n’ont qu’un impact negligeable sur la communaute vegetale.
A variable poly‐T sequence modulates α‐synuclein isoform expression and is associated with aging

α‐Synuclein, the main component of proteinaceous inclusions in synucleinopathies, is centrally involved in aggregation processes preceding Lewy body formation. Here we describe a new α‐synuclein gene poly‐T polymorphism that is situated upstream to exon 3 and consists of three different alleles. A correlation between poly‐T length and expression of α‐synuclein 126 mRNA, an isoform lacking exon 3, was detected in the human cerebral cortex. Specifically, when compared with the most frequent 7T/7T genotype, the shortest poly‐T stretch (5T) was associated with the lowest α‐synuclein 126 expression levels, whereas the longest poly‐T stretch (12T) was accompanied by the highest α‐synuclein 126 expression levels. Thus, three different expression‐level‐specific genotypes, with 5T+ genotypes as low α‐synuclein 126 expression genotypes and 12T+ genotypes as high α‐synuclein 126 expression genotypes, could be established. Poly‐T genotype distributions were also analyzed in a healthy control population. Age‐dependent variations in this distribution were observed and showed accumulation of low α‐synuclein 126 expression genotypes at ages under 60 years and high α‐synuclein 126 expression genotypes at ages over 80 years. To determine human specificity of the variable poly‐T strech, the mouse α‐synuclein gene sequence was analyzed. Although α‐synuclein is very well conserved in vertebrates, the poly‐T sequence was found to be absent in mice, and an α‐synuclein 126 mouse homologue could not be detected. In conclusion, this newly identified poly‐T polymorphism is a human‐specific sequence; its length influences α‐synuclein 126 expression levels; and, finally, it seems to exert a specific influence on normal aging. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Granulometric Analysis of Shallow Vents Sediments at Banderas Bay (Mexico)

Ocean hydrothermal activity is well known from deep-sea studies; however, few studies have been reported at shallow depth. A shallow submarine hydrothermal system at Punta Mita described in 2000 was studied to determine the grain size classification of the marine sediments of this hydrothermal system. Three sites with hydrothermal activity were included. Each one was divided into three areas: with hydrothermal activity, intermediate, and out of hydrothermal activity. In each area, two sediment cores were randomly collected by scuba diving (number of sediment cores = 18). All sediment samples were subjected to a previous treatment, to eliminate salts and organic matter. The grain sizes were sieved and then classified following the Udden–Wentworth scale. A principal coordinate analysis was performed to determine if there was any association of the statistical moments with the areas and sites of study. The textural composition of the sediments in the hydrothermal influence areas is sand, where the very fine sand is the dominant grain size, which was confirmed with the mean moment. The sediments are characteristic of the tidal areas, except for those sediments in the areas with hydrothermal activity.