Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active Suspension Control of Full-Car Systems Without Function Approximation

This article proposes a new control approach for full-car active suspension systems with unknown nonlinearities. The main advantage of this approach is that the uncertainties and nonlinearities in the system can be handled without using any function approximator (e.g., neural networks and fuzzy logic systems), and the associated online adaptation. Hence, the heavy computational costs and sluggish learning phase to achieve convergence can be remedied. To maintain the transient and steady-state suspension responses, a coordinate suspension error transformation with prescribed performance functions is adopted. Then an approximation-free control is developed to achieve stabilization of the transformed system so as to retain a predefined suspension response. Extreme Value Theorem is used together with the Lyapunov theorem to prove the stability and convergence of the closed-loop control system. To validate the proposed method and show its practical applicability, a dynamic simulator is built by using a commercial vehicle software, Carsim, where an E-SUV type vehicle is configured to describe realistic vehicle dynamics. Simulation results reveal that the proposed control can achieve better suspension performance and require less model information compared with some existing approaches.
Understanding Macro and Asset Price Dynamics During the Climate Transition

This paper analyzes the transition to a low-carbon economy and its effects on macroeconomic quantities and asset prices. Empirically, we document that the relative valuation of fossil fuel firms has significantly declined with the rise of climate change risk awareness. We develop a macro asset pricing model for the climate transition that matches this empirical fact and allows us to characterize the dynamics of macroeconomic aggregates and asset prices during and after the transition. In particular, we analyze (i) firm valuation dynamics, (ii) climate policy risk premia, (iii) capital reallocation between sectors, and (iv) the behavior of oil prices.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in calves.

The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone was determined after a single intravenous and intramuscular administration at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg in crossbred cow calves. The drug concentration in plasma was quantifi ed through High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection. Following intravenous administration the drug was rapidly distributed (t 1/2α: 0.13 ± 0.01 h; Vd(area); 0.44 ± 0.07 L/kg) and eliminated (t1/2β: 1.58 ± 0.06 h) from the body with a clearance rate of 3.15 ± 0.41 mL/min/kg. Following intramuscular administration, the peak plasma drug concentration (C max ) was 15.34 ± 2.39 μg/mL at 0.25 hours (T max ) suggesting very rapid absorption. The drug was extensively distributed (Vd (area); 1.16 ± 0.15 L/kg) and slowly eliminated (t 1/2β: 5.02 ± 0.51 hours; Cl (B) : 2.71 ± 0.29 mL/min/kg) following intramuscular administration. The absolute bioavailability of ceftriaxone was 47.0 ± 5.0% following intramuscular injection. However, it can be used at a dosage of 10 mg/kg intramuscularly, repeated at twelve-hourly intervals, for the treatment of susceptible bacteria infections in calves.
Performances of MIMIC and Logistic Regression Procedures in Detecting DIF

In this study, differential item functioning (DIF) detection performances of multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) and logistic regression (LR) methods for dichotomous data were investigated. Performances of these two methods were compared by calculating the Type I error rates and power for each simulation condition. Conditions covered in the study were: sample size (2000 and 4000 respondents), ability distribution of focal group [N(0, 1) and N(-0.5, 1)], and the percentage of items with DIF (10% and 20%). Ability distributions of the respondents in the reference group [N(0, 1)], ratio of focal group to reference group (1:1), test length (30 items), and variation in difficulty parameters between groups for the items that contain DIF (0.6) were the conditions that were held constant. When the two methods were compared according to their Type I error rates, it was concluded that the change in sample size was more effective for MIMIC method. On the other hand, the change in the percentage of items with DIF was more effective for LR. When the two methods were compared according to their power, the most effective variable for both methods was the sample size.
Mixing protocols for plant‐scale production of concrete with superabsorbent polymers

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have been investigated for their potential for internal curing, promotion of self‐sealing, and self‐healing of concrete structures. There has been a lack of publications concerning large‐scale testing of structures with SAPs, and bringing this SAP‐modified concretes from laboratory environment to plant‐scale production might demand adaptations in the mixing protocols. In this paper, a reference mixture and a SAP‐containing mixture were produced at a concrete plant scale and the influence of adding the polymers at different moments was investigated. The addition of SAPs directly in the truck, after the mixing procedure, showed no significant impact on the compressive strength of the concrete, but an agglomeration of particles was found in the air void analysis. The specimens with SAPs added directly in the truck presented an inferior performance in terms of shrinkage reduction when compared to the specimens with SAPs added on the materials belt, with the dry materials.
A switch in cilia-mediated Hedgehog signaling controls muscle stem cell quiescence and cell cycle progression

Tissue homeostasis requires a tight control of stem cells to maintain quiescence in normal conditions, and ensure a balance between progenitor cell production and the need to preserve a stem cell pool in repair conditions. Using ex-vivo and in-vivo genetic approaches, we provide evidence that primary cilium-mediated repressive Hedgehog (Hh) signalling is required to maintain skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) in a quiescent state. De-repression and further activation of Hh signalling initiates MuSC entry and progression through the cell cycle, and controls self-renewal to ensure efficient repair of injured muscles. We propose a model whereby disassembly of primary cilia upon MuSC activation induces a switch in Hh signalling from a repressive to active state that controls exit from quiescence. Positive Hh response in bi-potential muscle progenitor cells regulates also cell cycle progression and drives MuSC self-renewal. These findings identify Hh signalling as a major regulator of MuSC activity. Highlights Cilia-containing quiescent MuSCs are Hh signalling suppressed MuSC activation coincides with a switch to active Hh signalling Smo mutation delays cell cycle entry and progression, and causes impaired self-renewal Ptch1 mutation promotes exit from quiescence, rapid cell cycle and increased self-renewal Graphical abstract
Empowerment Model for Sustainable Tourism Village in an Emerging Country

This study aims to examine the community empowerment model to develop sustainable tourism villages in Indonesia. This study applies a qualitative method. Data collection is conducted through interviews, observations, and focus group discussions held in Ponggok Village of Central Java Province Indonesia. The results of this study found that the tourism development carried out in the Ponggok Village used four approaches (1) spatial approach as a basis in determining the direction of village development; (2) sectoral approach through increasing the role of the Village Owned Enterprises to build the village economy; (3) human resources to enhance the role of village communities in managing village potentials; and (4) use of information technology to improve service quality, transparency and accountability. The success of these four approaches is influenced by the leadership, innovation, collaboration, and good village governance. The success of the Ponggok village to become an independent village in improving the welfare of the community is inseparable from the success of the Ponggok village government in empowering the community to manage sustainable tourism development. The success of development with these four approaches is influenced by leadership, innovation, collaboration, and good governance.
75 Is Cerebral Autoregulation Altered in Ageing? A Review

Cerebral autoregulation (CA) ensures constant cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the face of blood pressure (BP) disturbances. While CA impairment is often implicated in the aetiology of age-related disorders e.g. falls, syncope, and brain ageing, there is conflicting evidence on the effect of normal or healthy ageing on cerebral autoregulation. Here we present results of a review investigating the effect of ageing on CA. A search was performed in Pubmed using the search terms “cerebral autoregulation” AND (“ageing” OR “age” OR “older” OR “elderly”). Studies were included if they were human studies in English assessing CA in healthy volunteers (free from disease) in which the effect of ageing on CAR was studied. Exclusion criteria included non-human studies, diseased cohorts and studies not measuring CA. 26 studies (n=1326 total participants, age range 12-88) meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were identified. Significant heterogeneity was noted in applied methodologies with 88% of studies using static and 53% using dynamic protocols to measure CA. Transcranial Doppler (88%) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) (11%) were the most commonly used. Transfer function analysis (TFA) (38%), the Autoregulatory Index (ARI) (15%), and wavelet analysis (11%) were used to derive CA metric. The majority of studies suggested that CA is preserved (n=15) with ageing. However, a smaller number of studies (n=7) noted that CA is impaired or altered with ageing. There is a paucity of literature examining the relationship between CA and chronological ageing, with 60 per cent of studies reviewed suggesting that CA is preserved. Current hypotheses suggest that preservation of CA with ageing serves as a ‘reserve’ to compensate for impairment of other systems. Future work should investigate the role of impaired CA as potential biomarker of biological ageing.
Mutual Inductance Behavioral Modeling for Wireless Power Transfer System Coils

In this article, we derive low-complexity behavioral analytical models of the mutual inductance between the coupling coils of wireless power transfer systems (WPTSs), as functions of their reciprocal position. These models are extremely useful in the characterization and design optimization of WPTSs. Multiobjective genetic programming algorithm is adopted to generate models ensuring an optimal tradeoff between accuracy and complexity. The training and validation datasets needed for the generation of the models are here obtained by performing numerical full 3-D electromagnetic simulations. The resulting behavioral models allow the accurate and fast evaluation of the WPTS coils mutual inductance, over a wide range of misalignment conditions, enabling easier system analysis and optimization.
Capital Controls: A Survey of the New Literature

This paper reviews selected post–Global Financial Crisis theoretical and empirical contributions on capital controls and identifies three theoretical motives for the use of capital controls: pecuniary externalities in models of financial crises, aggregate demand externalities in New Keynesian models of the business cycle, and terms of trade manipulation in open-economy models with pricing power. Pecuniary and demand externalities offer the most compelling case for the adoption of capital controls, but macroprudential policy can also address the same distortions. So capital controls generally are not the only instrument that can do the job. If evaluated through the lenses of the new theories, the empirical evidence reviewed suggests that capital controls can have the intended effects, even though the extant literature is inconclusive as to whether the effects documented amount to a net gain or loss in welfare terms. Terms of trade manipulation also provides a clear-cut theoretical case for the use of capital controls, but this motive is less compelling because of the spillover and coordination issues inherent in the use of control on capital flows for this purpose. Perhaps not surprisingly, only a handful of countries have used capital controls in a countercyclical manner, while many adopted macroprudential policies. This suggests that capital control policy might entail additional costs other than increased financing costs, such as signaling the bad quality of future policies, leakages, and spillovers.
Hexachlorinated Boron(III) Subphthalocyanine as Acceptor for Organic Photovoltaics: A Brief Overview

A boron(III) complex of peripherally hexachlorinated subphthalocyanine, Cl 6 SubPc is a very promising small-molecule acceptor for application in organic photovoltaics. In this chapter the recent experimental results in the field are compared, and a critical review is given of the published works on the solar cells with the planar or bulk heterojunction architectures. The thin film properties of Cl 6 SubPc are also considered. The approaches to the further modification of the molecular structure of boron(III) subphthalocyanine-type compounds for the enhancement of their photoelectrical properties are discussed.
An examination of age-related differences in lower extremity joint torques and strains in the proximal femur during gait

Hip fractures are serious injuries that are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in older adults. While much of the increased risk of hip fracture with age can be explained by age-related decreases in bone mineral density, muscles and motor control are altered by aging as well. Muscles forces in vivo are thought to have a prophylactic effect that can reduce shear and bending in the femur. This is beneficial because bone is stronger in compression than in shear or tension, and shear plays an important role in fatiguing bone. Understanding how aging and muscular loads affect strains in the proximal femur could lead to improvements in clinical screening and preventative measures for hip fracture. Three studies were performed to investigate age-related changes in neuromuscular function during gait and how these changes affect strains in the proximal femur. Study 1 examined age differences in peak lower extremity joint torques during walking with controlled speed and step length. Studies 2 and 3 applied muscle forces estimated during gait to finite element models of the femur. Study 2 examined age differences in femoral strains, and Study 3 examined the sensitivity of strains to individual muscle forces. The results support the idea that older adults walk with reduced contributions from the ankle plantar flexors and increased contributions from the hip extensors. Interactions between age and speed indicate that older adults utilized a different neuromuscular strategy than young
In vivo micro–computed tomography evaluation of BoneCeramic grafted alveolar defects during orthodontic tooth movement

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate three-dimensional microarchitecture and micromechanical properties of alveolar bone in the BoneCeramic grafting sites during orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Sixty 5-week-old rats were randomly assigned into three groups to receive BoneCeramic, natural bovine cancellous bone particles (Bio-Oss), and no graft, respectively, after the extraction of the left maxillary first molar. After 4 weeks, the maxillary left second molar was moved into the extraction site for 28 days. Dynamic bone microstructures were evaluated using in vivo micro–computed tomography. Micromechanical properties and stress distribution of corresponding tissue were examined by nanoindentation and finite element methods. Mixed-model analysis of variance was performed to compare the difference among time points with Bonferroni post hoc tests at the significance level of P < . 05. Results: The BoneCeramic group had the least amount of tooth movement and the highest bone volume fraction, tr.
Yellow emission from dysprosium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser

In this paper, we report the first (to the best of our knowledge) GaN laser diode, emitting at 445 nm, pumped dysprosium (Dy) doped ZBLAN fiber laser for yellow emission using a simple setup. In our yellow laser experiment, we have used a commercially available Dy-doped ZBLAN fiber, which is originally designed for mid-infrared lasers demonstration and not optimized for visible laser design, as a laser active medium. For yellow (∼576 nm) lasing, we have exploited the 4F9/2 to 6H13/2 laser transition of a Dy ion, which is a quasi four level system. The performance of the yellow laser system is investigated by using two different Dy-doped fiber lengths (0.6 m and 5.95 m). The measured lasing thresholds are 7 mW and 28 mW for 0.6 m and 5.95 m of Dy-doped fiber, respectively. However, the maximum laser slope efficiency with respect to absorbed pump power is only 2.3% for 0.6 m of Dy-doped fiber. The laser slope efficiency decreases to 0.9% and the threshold increases to 28 mW for 5.95 m of Dy-doped fiber, which are result of fiber background loss at the signal wavelength. In addition, we have observed the pump excited state absorption at 445 nm pumping wavelength and estimated the pump ESA cross-section via numerical simulation.
Job crafting mediates how empowering leadership and employees’ core self-evaluations predict favourable and unfavourable outcomes

ABSTRACT Based on job crafting theory and workplace resources theories, the present study develops a model of both antecedents and consequences of job crafting. We hypothesized subordinates’ perceptions of empowering leadership and core self-evaluations influence employee job crafting behaviours, which subsequently influence four outcomes: improving three employee well-being outcomes, (a) work-family enrichment, (b) flourishing, and (c) life satisfaction; and simultaneously reducing the organizational outcome of (d) deviant behaviours. Three-waves of data over nine months were collected from U.S. full-time employees (n = 276). Results showed empowering leadership and core self-evaluations positively related to expansive/approach forms of job crafting behaviours, which in turn related to the three different well-being outcomes. However, job crafting did not affect employee deviant behaviour. Instead, empowering leadership and core self-evaluations directly predicted less deviant behaviour. With the imputed data, we also found job crafting had a significant but weak relationship with deviant behaviour. These findings provide an integrated understanding of how and why employees engage in job crafting, and the important influence that job crafting has on employees’ subjective well-being. The present study advances leadership and job crafting theories, providing practical recommendations for promoting employee well-being and decreasing undesirable behaviours in the form of workplace deviance.
Comparison of two analgesic block techniques for circumcision: dorsal penile nerve block and caudal block

Circumcision is performed for medical indication but most of religious. Religious circumcision is commonly performed in Muslim and Jewish community. Medical indications for circumcision are chronic sclerosan inflammation, phimosis, to prevent urinary infection and also sexually transmitted diseases. Surgery success and complication rates depend on good preoperative preparation including anesthetic care and proper knowledge for complications. Circumcision in children is followed by severe pain, especially during the first 2 hours of postoperative period. Pain control after surgery increases patient satisfaction and shortens hospital stay.
The Effects of Regional Governance, Education, and In‐Migration on Business Performance

: National institutional settings are important to small business performance. However, national institutions take time to change. So, is there any way to boost firm performance in ‘weak’ institutional environments? This study aims to answer this question by examining the role of local institutions represented by the quality of local governance, instead of the very broad national constitutional configurations. Moreover, it is suggested that regional human capital, whether locally built-up (through local education) or externally imported (through in-migrants) is able to strengthen the positive impacts of local governance on small business performance. A test on more than 1.3 million firm-year observations of Vietnamese small businesses confirms the moderating effects of education and in-migration on the relationship between local governance and firm performance.
The Contribution of Flux Transfer Events to Mercury's Dungey Cycle

Bursty dayside reconnection plays a proportionally larger role in the driving of Mercury's magnetosphere than it does at Earth. Individual bursts of reconnection, called flux transfer events (FTEs), are thought to open up to 5% of Mercury's polar cap; coupled with the much higher repetition rate of FTEs at Mercury and the short Dungey cycle timescale, this makes FTEs the major driver of Mercury's magnetosphere. However, comparison between spacecraft and ionospheric observations at Earth suggests that the terrestrial contribution of FTEs may have been severely underestimated, by making implicit assumptions about FTE structure. In this study, we consider the implications of removing these assumptions at Mercury; by considering FTE mechanisms based on longer reconnection lines, we find that the contribution of FTEs to Mercury's Dungey cycle could be 5 times greater than previously thought and that FTEs may be able to provide sufficient flux transport to drive Mercury's substorm cycle.
Effect of periodic gas-puffs on drift-tearing modes in ADITYA/ADITYA-U tokamak discharges

The effect of a periodic train of short gas-puff pulses on the rotation frequency and amplitude of drift-tearing modes has been studied in ADITYA/ADITYA-U tokamak. The short gas puffs, injecting approximately molecules of fuel gas (hydrogen) at one toroidal location, are found to concomitantly decrease the drift-tearing mode rotation frequency and the mode amplitude during the period of injection and then recover back to its initial values when the gas pulse is over. This leads to a periodic modulation of the rotation frequency and amplitude of the drift-tearing modes that is correlated with the periodicity of the gas pulse injection. The underlying mechanism for this change in the mode characteristic appears to be related to gas puff induced change in the radial profile of the plasma pressure in the edge region that brings about a reduction in the diamagnetic drift frequency. Detailed experimental measurements and BOUT++ code simulations support such a reduction in diamagnetic drift frequency. Our results reveal a close interaction between the edge dynamics and core MHD phenomena in a tokamak that could help us better understand the rotation dynamics and amplitude pulsations of magnetic islands.
Supply Shock Versus Demand Shock: The Local Effects of New Housing in Low-Income Areas

We study the local effects of new market-rate housing in low-income areas using microdata on large apartment buildings, rents, and migration. New buildings decrease nearby rents by 5 to 7 percent relative to locations slightly farther away or developed later, and they increase in-migration from low-income areas. Results are driven by a large supply effect—we show that new buildings absorb many high-income households—that overwhelms any offsetting endogenous amenity effect. The latter may be small because most new buildings go into already-changing areas. Contrary to common concerns, new buildings slow local rent increases rather than initiate or accelerate them.