Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Knowledge Query Network Model Based on Rasch Model Embedding for Personalized Online Learning

The vigorous development of online education has produced massive amounts of education data. How to mine and analyze education big data has become an urgent problem in the field of education and big data knowledge engineering. As for the dynamic learning data, knowledge tracing aims to track learners’ knowledge status over time by analyzing the learners’ exercise data, so as to predict their performance in the next time step. Deep learning knowledge tracking performs well, but they mainly model the knowledge components while ignoring the personalized information of questions and learners, and provide limited interpretability in the interaction between learners’ knowledge status and questions. A context-aware attentive knowledge query network (CAKQN) model is proposed in this paper, which combines flexible neural network models with interpretable model components inspired by psychometric theory. We use the Rasch model to regularize the embedding of questions and learners’ interaction tuples, and obtain personalized representations from them. In addition, the long-term short-term memory network and monotonic attention mechanism are used to mine the contextual information of learner interaction sequences and question sequences. It can not only retain the ability to model sequences, but also use the monotonic attention mechanism with exponential decay term to extract the hidden forgetting behavior and other characteristics of learners in the learning process. Finally, the vector dot product is used to simulate the interaction between the learners’ knowledge state and questions to improve the interpretability. A series of experimental results on 4 real-world online learning datasets show that CAKQN has the best performance, and its AUC value is improved by an average of 2.945% compared with the existing optimal model. Furthermore, the CAKQN proposed in this paper can not only track learners’ knowledge status like other models but also model learners’ forgetting behavior. In the future, our research will have high application value in the realization of personalized learning strategies, teaching interventions, and resource recommendations for intelligent online education platforms.
Influence of college education on happiness: A quasi-experimental study based on higher education expansion in China

Previous studies have documented a positive association between college education and happiness. However, the endogeneity of college education attainment is rarely examined, and a more robust link between college education and happiness needs to be built. Based on the Chinese General Social Survey data of 2017, the present study used the quasi-experiment of China’s higher education expansion started in 1999 to construct a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to examine the causal association between college education and happiness. It is observed that college education indeed improved Chinese happiness, but this positive association was stronger in males than in females. Further, college education was observed to improve happiness by improving individual political status, perceived personal status, health and family social status, but not by increasing personal income. Accordingly, the government should continue to promote the development of higher education, and the fairness of higher education development deserves more attention to reduce population disparities in happiness.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic patients: a retrospective study

This study aimed to obtain further in-depth information on the value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for diagnosing pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic patients. We did a retrospective study, in which 33 non-neutropenic patients were included, of which 12 were patients with pulmonary aspergillosis and 21 were diagnosed with non-pulmonary aspergillosis. Fungi and all other co-pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (27 cases), blood (6 cases), and/or pleural fluid (1 case) samples were analyzed using mNGS. One of the patients submitted both BALF and blood samples. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, and radiologic features of pulmonary aspergillosis patients and compared the diagnostic accuracy, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of mNGS with conventional etiological methods and serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan. We also explored the efficacy of mNGS in detecting mixed infections and co-pathogens. We further reviewed modifications of antimicrobial therapy for patients with pulmonary aspergillosis according to the mNGS results. Finally, we compared the detection of Aspergillus in BALF and blood samples from three patients using mNGS. In non-neutropenic patients, immunocompromised conditions of non-pulmonary aspergillosis were far less prevalent than in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis. More patients with pulmonary aspergillosis received long-term systemic corticosteroids (50% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.05). Additionally, mNGS managed to reach a sensitivity of 91.7% for diagnosing pulmonary aspergillosis, which was significantly higher than that of conventional etiological methods (33.3%) and serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan (33.3%). In addition, mNGS showed superior performance in discovering co-pathogens (84.6%) of pulmonary aspergillosis; bacteria, bacteria-fungi, and bacteria-PJP-virus were most commonly observed in non-neutropenic patients. Moreover, mNGS results can help guide effective treatments. According to the mNGS results, antimicrobial therapy was altered in 91.7% of patients with pulmonary aspergillosis. The diagnosis of Aspergillus detected in blood samples, which can be used as a supplement to BALF samples, seemed to show a higher specificity than that in BALF samples. mNGS is a useful and effective method for the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic patients, detection of co-pathogens, and adjustment of antimicrobial treatment.
Recruiting, paying, and evaluating the experiences of civic scientists studying urban park usage during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

This paper describes an attempt to utilize paid citizen science in a research project that documented urban park usage during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in two U.S. cities. Strategies used by the research team to recruit, pay, and evaluate the experiences of the 43 citizen scientists are discussed alongside key challenges in contemporary citizen science. A literature review suggests that successful citizen science projects foster diverse and inclusive participation; develop appropriate ways to compensate citizen scientists for their work; maximize opportunities for participant learning; and ensure high standards for data quality. In this case study, the selection process proved successful in employing economically vulnerable individuals, though the citizen scientist participants were disproportionately female, young, White, non-Hispanic, single, and college educated relative to the communities studied. The participants reported that the financial compensation provided by the study, similar in amount to the economic stimulus checks distributed simultaneously by the Federal government, were reasonable given the workload, and many used it to cover basic household needs. Though the study took place in a period of high economic risk, and more than 80% of the participants had never participated in a scientific study, the experience was rated overwhelmingly positive. Participants reported that the work provided stress relief, indicated they would consider participating in similar research in the future. Despite the vast majority never having engaged in most park stewardship activities, they expressed interest in learning more about park usage, mask usage in public spaces, and socio-economic trends in relation to COVID-19. Though there were some minor challenges in data collection, data quality was sufficient to publish the topical results in a peer-reviewed companion paper. Key insights on the logistical constraints faced by the research team are highlighted throughout the paper to advance the case for paid citizen science.
Differentiation between glioma recurrence and treatment effects using amide proton transfer imaging: A mini-Bayesian bivariate meta-analysis

Background Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging as an emerging MRI approach has been used for distinguishing tumor recurrence (TR) and treatment effects (TEs) in glioma patients, but the initial results from recent studies are different. Aim The aim of this study is to systematically review and quantify the diagnostic performance of APT in assessing treatment response in patients with post-treatment gliomas. Methods A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science was performed to retrieve related original studies. For the single and added value of APT imaging in distinguishing TR from TEs, we calculated pooled sensitivity and specificity by using Bayesian bivariate meta-analyses. Results Six studies were included, five of which reported on single APT imaging parameters and four of which reported on multiparametric MRI combined with APT imaging parameters. For single APT imaging parameters, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75–0.92) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.74–0.97). For multiparametric MRI including APT, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85–0.97) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.55–0.97), respectively. In addition, in the three studies reported on both single and added value of APT imaging parameters, the combined imaging parameters further improved diagnostic performance, yielding pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.80–0.97) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.79–0.98), respectively, but the pooled sensitivity was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.65-0.93) and specificity was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.61–0.94) for single APT imaging parameters. Conclusion APT imaging showed high diagnostic performance in assessing treatment response in patients with post-treatment gliomas, and the addition of APT imaging to other advanced MRI techniques can improve the diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing TR from TE.
Cognitive bias toward the Internet: The causes of adolescents’ Internet addiction under parents’ self-affirmation consciousness

The Internet plays a crucial part in the adolescent life. However, as a product of modernization, the Internet has brought a lifestyle different from that of our parents who tend to regard excessive exposure to the Internet as a manifestation of the adolescent Internet addiction. The cognitive bias against the Internet seem to have been arisen among the parents. Under the theoretical framework of self-efficacy and empathy, this study adopts PLS-SEM to analyze the contributing factors of the adolescent Internet addiction from the perspective of self-affirmation consciousness of parents. The result demonstrates that self-affirmation consciousness has a significant positive effect on the empathy process; the empathy process and self-affirmation have a significant positive effect on cognitive bias; and the empathy process acts as a mediator between self-affirmation and cognitive bias. To sum up, through the investigation of the causes of adolescent Internet addiction, this study explores the formation process of parents’ cognitive bias toward the Internet under the influence of self-affirmation consciousness, verifying the practical effects of empathy in the process of promoting rational thinking of parents toward the Internet and adolescent Internet use, and at the same time promoting the harmonious development of parent–child relationships to a certain extent.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Study of the relation between testosterone levels and the severity of acne vulgaris among unmarried women at Al‑Shati area, Libya

Introduction: Acne vulgaris (AV) is long-lasting inflammatory illness of pilosebaceous unit and is clinically characterized by seborrhea and open and closed comedones, and in the severe cases, papules, pustules, nodules, deep pustules, and pseudocysts. The situation starts after adolescence and is a common skin disorder in adolescents and young grown person. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between testosterone levels and the states of AV among unmarried women. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 52 unmarried women, from which 26 women were with AV and 26 were used as control (age ranges were from 14 to 36 years). The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of AV (sever, moderate, and mild). Results: Serum testosterone was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in severe and moderate acne patients, while the serum testosterone level shows no significant difference in females with mild acne disease when compared with that of female control group ( P ˃ 0.05). Conclusion: The conclusion of the study found a significant association between serum testosterone and severity of AV, and there was no correlation between the severity of AV and patients ages.
Eﬀects of “ Satureja Hortensis L.” on Improving Adult Gastroesophageal Reﬂux Disease: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial

Background: Gastro-esophageal reﬂux disease (GERD) is one of the most widespread gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, there is increasing evidence that not all patients respond to its current remedies. Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the eﬀect of “ Satureja hortensis L. ” on improving the symptoms of mild to moderate GERD in adults. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, controlled, clinical trial, we evaluated the eﬃcacy of “ Satureja hortensis L. ” compared to placeboin thesymptoms of GERD inﬁfty-eight adults with GERD whoreferred toHazrat Rasool-e-Akramhospital inTehran, Iran, in 2015. In order to assess GERD symptoms, a standardized questionnaire of frequency scale (FSSG) was used before and after the intervention. Results: Regarding within-group changes, a signiﬁcant decrease was observed in FSSG, dysmotility-like symptoms and acid reﬂux related scores in both groups of the study after the intervention compared to baseline (P < 0.001). Regarding between-group analysis, no signiﬁcant diﬀerences were observed between the two groups in terms of FSSG total scores (0.05 < P). Conclusions: Accordingtotheresultsof thecurrentstudy, Saturejahortensis L.withthedoseof 500mgthreetimesperdayfailedto improve the symptoms of GERD in adults compared to placebo. The signiﬁcant reductions in the GERD scores in both groups seem to be related to the lifestyle modiﬁcation that was prescribed to both groups.
Specific optical-based biosensor to rapid detection of Salmonella Typhimurium using FTIR: evaluation in natural orange juice, as an application in food products

Salmonella is one of the main pathogenic microorganisms present in foods, where natural orange juice is an example, although there are techniques that determine this bacterium, it is necessary to develop a device that allows Salmonella detection quickly, easily, and in real time. Therefore, using biosensors is an excellent option to solve this need. In this work, an optical biosensor of amorphous silicon thin ﬁlms, a little studied material in this area, was applied for the detection of Salmonella Typhimurium in natural orange juice, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The characteristic detection infrared band was identiﬁed at 1030 cm − 1 , related to the functional groups presence of the cell membrane and DNA bacterial, Salmonella concentrations in a range from 100 to 1000 CFU / mL were detected and a SEM analysis was carried out. Biosensor did not show cross reactivity with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
Compartmentation of ATP:Citrate Lyase in Plants 1

Extracts prepared from young leaves of Pea (Pisum sativum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), rape (Brassica napus), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) all contained ATP:citrate lyase (ACL) activity, which was most active in rape leaflets (130 nmol min 2 1 g fresh weight). In rape and spinach, ACL activity was predominantly localized in the plastids (between about 78% and 90% of the total activity), whereas in pea and tobacco, distribution was mainly cytosolic (about 85% and 78%, respectively, of the total). These distributions were calculated from the relative distributions of plastid and cytosol marker enzymes. Cross-reactivity between plant and rat ACL antibody was carried out by immunoblot analysis and, in rape and spinach, showed that a 120-kD protein, presumably indicating homomeric ACL proteins, was present in both cytosolic and plastidic fractions. In pea, two cross-reacting proteins were detected, the major material being in the cytosol fraction. Therefore, ACL occurs both in the cytosol and plastids of higher plants, but the distribution of activity changes according to the species. The plastidic ACL is proposed to function for the supply of acetyl-coenzyme A for lipid biosynthesis de novo, whereas the cytosolic ACL may provide acetyl-coenzyme A for the mevalonate pathway or fatty acid elongation.
Long-Term Development Trend of the Historical Cultural Landscape of the UNESCO Monument: Vlkol í nec (Slovakia)

: The presented paper focuses on the United Nations Educational, Scientiﬁc and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site of Vlkol í nec (Slovakia), changes in its cultural landscape and the possibilities of its preservation for future generations. However, it is also a living settlement with residents who have demands for their standard of living. To analyze the development of changes in the landscape of the Vlkol í nec protection zone, we used available relevant data such as historical maps and aerial photographs from selected time horizons 1769, 1823, 1949, 2007 and 2017. Overall, we interpreted a total of 13 landscape elements, paying special attention to historical landscape structures. For the land use elements, we focused mainly on determining their area and percentage of the landscape in relation to their changes in the period under review in the context of natural and socio-economic conditions. In order to gain a realistic view of the future development and use of the Vlkol í nec area in the context of direct users of the area, we decided to apply a questionnaire survey in 2017. The questionnaire is a written form of a structured interview. We determined a target group of respondents—residents of Vlkol í nec and users of this area (holiday cottage owners, foresters, farmers), i.e., we processed the opinions of people directly inﬂuencing Vlkol í nec and its immediate surroundings—the landscape. The interviews were focused on identifying problems and proposing solutions so as not to disturb the uniqueness of this site, but at the same time to also attract tourism participants. Based on the results of the survey, we evaluated the identiﬁed phenomena, structures and values and compared them with the desired state of protection of the landmark. Subsequently, we prepared plans for the preservation and sustainable development of this important site.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FEEDING PROGRAM AT FIRST DAY ON PERFORMANCEAND ECONOMIC INDEX OF BROILER CHICKENS

A total of 132 one day old Ross (308) broiler chickens were used to determine the effect of four treatments (feed program) on broiler performance and economic index. At delivery the chicks were weighted. As well as, the body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio was recorded at day 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. Economic index was recorded at 42. Four treatments includes: feeding immediately after delivery in the hatchery and continue to the farm (T1); fasting for 12 hours after hatch with access to water (T2); fasting for 12 hours with access to water containing 5% sugar followed by feeding the diet (T3); or feeding a diet immediately at the farm (T4). Interaction between treatments and different periods, were significantly (p<0.05) effected on body weight, although, the effect of treatments at each period did not significant. Overall of body weight/ period was significantly (p<0.05) higher at day 42 followed by the least periods. Significant (p<0.05) effect of interaction between treatments with periods, treatments and periods were observed in feed intake and weight gain. Feed conversion ratio did not significantly affected by different periods. Economic index did not significantly affected by different treatments. Values of economic index were numerally influenced of: body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, viability% and feed conversion ratio.
Modules and Group Algebras

1 Augmentations, nilpotent ideals, and semisimplicity. - 2 Tensor products, Homs, and duality. - 3 Restriction and induction. - 4 Projective resolutions and cohomology. - 5 The stable category. - 6 Products in cohomology. - 7 Examples and diagrams. - 8 Relative projectivity. - 9 Relative projectivity and ideals in cohomology. - 10 Varieties and modules. - 11 Infinitely generated modules. - 12 Idempotent modules. - 13 Varieties and induced modules. - References. - List of symbols.
Boundary representations of hyperbolic groups

Let $\Gamma$ be a Gromov hyperbolic group, endowed with an arbitrary left-invariant hyperbolic metric, quasi-isometric to a word metric. The action of $\Gamma$ on its boundary $\partial\Gamma$ endowed with the Patterson-Sullivan measure $\mu$, after an appropriate normalization, gives rise to a faithful unitary representation of $\Gamma$ on $L^2(\partial\Gamma,\mu)$. We show that these representations are irreducible, and give criteria for their unitary equivalence in terms of the metrics on $\Gamma$. Special cases include quasi-regular representations on the Poisson boundary.
Extracellular protein disul ﬁ de isomerase regulates ligand-binding activity of a M b 2 integrin and neutrophil recruitment during vascular in ﬂ ammation

b 2 integrins play a crucial role during neutrophil recruitment into the site of vascular inflammation. However, it remains unknown how ligand-binding activity of the integrin is regulated. Using fluorescence intravital microscopy in mice generated by crossing protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) floxed mice with lysozyme-Cre transgenic mice, we demonstrate that neutrophil PDI is required for neutrophil adhesion and crawling during tumor necrosis factor- a –induced vascular inflammation in vivo. Rescue experiments show that the isomerase activity of extracellular PDI is critical for its regulatory effect on neutrophil recruitment. Studies with blocking anti-PDI antibodies and a L b 2 or a M b 2 null mice suggest that extracellular PDI regulates a M b 2 integrin-mediated adhesive function of neutrophils during vascular inflammation. Consistently, we show that neutrophil surface PDI is important for a M b 2 integrin-mediated adhesion of human neutrophils under shear and static conditions and for binding of soluble fibrinogen to activated a M b 2 integrin. Confocal microscopy and biochemical studies reveal that neutrophil surface PDI interacts with a M b 2 integrin in lipid rafts of stimulated neutrophils and regulates a M b 2 integrin clustering, presumably by changing the redox state of the integrin. Thus, our results provide the first evidence that extracellular PDI could be a novel therapeutic target for preventing and treating inappropriate neutrophil sequestration. ( Blood . 2013;121(19):3789-3800) binds to a M b 2 integrin. We further determined whether exogenous PDI binds to a M b 2 null neutrophils in ﬂ ow cytometric analysis