Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Porcupine Abyssal Plain fixed-point sustained observatory (PAP-SO): variations and trends from the Northeast Atlantic fixed-point time-series

The Porcupine Abyssal Plain sustained observatory (PAP-SO) in the Northeast Atlantic (49°N 16.5°W; 4800 m) is the longest running open-ocean multidisciplinary observatory in the oceans around Europe. The site has produced high-resolution datasets integrating environmental and ecologically relevant variables from the surface to the seabed for >20 years. Since 2002, a full-depth mooring has been in place with autonomous sensors measuring temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a fluorescence, nitrate, and pCO2. These complement ongoing mesopelagic and seabed observations on downward particle flux and benthic ecosystem structure and function. With national and European funding, the observatory infrastructure has been advanced steadily, with the latest development in 2010 involving collaboration between the UK's Meteorological Office and Natural Environment Research Council. This resulted in the first simultaneous atmospheric and ocean datasets at the site. All PAP-SO datasets are open access in near real time through websites and as quality-controlled datasets for a range of remote users using ftp sites and uploaded daily to MyOcean and the global telecommunications system for use in modelling activities. The combined datasets capture short-term variation (daily–seasonal), longer term trends (climate-driven), and episodic events (e.g. spring-bloom events), and the data contribute to the Europe-wide move towards good environmental status of our seas, driven by the EU's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/marine).
Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Buah Adas (Foeniculum vulgare) Terhadap Bakteri Micrococcus luteus Secara In Vitro [Antibacterial Effort Of Adas Fruit (Foeniculum vulgare) Extract On Micrococcus luteus Bacterial By In Vitro]

AbstractOne of the disease attack of freshwater fish is micrococcus which caused by Micrococcus luteus bacterial. Antibiotic was caused of residual, polluted and expensive. Therefore, it was looked for alternative using natural and safety materials. The study used the fruit extract of adas as antibacterial to Micrococcus luteus. This experiment purpose to investigate of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of fruit extract of adas to Micrococcus luteus. The study was done on 15 June-05 July 2009 on Development Center of Quarantine Fish Juanda; Institute Tropical Disease, Airlangga University Surabaya; and Department of Faculty Pharmacology of Medicine, Airlangga University Surabaya. The experiment was used experimental method which completely randomized design with twelve treatments and three replicates. The parameters observed were Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The data analyzed used F test and was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The result indicated that fruit extract of adas had antibactericidal to Micrococcus luteus. According to inhibitory test growth of bacterial had inhibitory capacity (MIC) at concentration 1,56% (0,018 g/ml). Therefore, the bactericidal capacity (MBC) was at concentration 3,13% (0,036 g/ml).
Antifungal screening of plants of the State of Morelos, Mexico against four fungal postharvest pathogens of fruits and vegetables.

To evaluate the fungicide properties of cultivated plant species from the State of Morelos, Mexico, aqueous extracts and powders from leaves of 20 different plant species were prepared to evaluate their in vitro effect on development of the postharvest phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria spp. , Fusarium spp. , Pestalotiopsis spp. and Rhizopus spp. The parameters evaluated were mycelial growth, sporulation and mycelial dry weight. Results indicated that the fungistatic activity was diffferent between aqueous extracts or powders and the species evaluated. A selective fungistatic effect depending on plant species and pathogen was evidenced as well. Pithecellobium dulce was the main plant species showing fungistatic effects against the development of the fungi tested. Other plant species with promising fungicide or fungistatic activity properties were Achras sapota, Annona cherimola, Casimiroa edulis, Citrus limon, Crataegus mexicana, Carica papaya, Psidium guajava, Persea americana and Spondias purpurea. In situ studies are recommended to continue this research. Additional keywords: Alternaria spp. , Fusarium spp. , Pestalotiopsis spp. , Rhizopus spp. , aqueous extracts, plant powders, biofungicides.
Distribution patterns of estrogen receptor α and β in the human cortex and hippocampus during development and adulthood

The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the developing and adult human brain has not been clearly established, although estrogens are crucial for neuronal differentiation, synapse formation, and cognitive functions. By using immunohistochemistry, we have studied the distribution of ERα and ERβ in human cerebral cortex and hippocampus from early prenatal stages to adult life. ERα was detected in the cortex at 9 gestational weeks (GW), with a high expression in proliferating zones and the cortical plate. The staining intensity decreased gradually during prenatal development but increased again from birth to adulthood. In contrast, ERβ was first detected at 15 GW in proliferating zones, and at 16/17 GW, numerous ERβ immunopositive cells were also observed in the cortical plate. ERβ expression persisted in the adult cortex, being widely distributed throughout cortical layers II–VI. In addition, from around 15 GW to adulthood, ERα and ERβ were expressed in human hippocampus mainly in pyramidal cells of Ammon's horn and in the dentate gyrus. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in the adult cerebral cortex and hippocampus revealed lower protein expression of ERα compared with ERβ. Double immunostaining showed that during fetal life both ERs are expressed in neurons as well as in radial glia, although only ERα is expressed in the Cajal‐Retzius neurons of the marginal zone. These observations demonstrate that the expression of ERα and ERβ displays different spatial‐temporal patterns during human cortical and hippocampal development and suggest that both ERs may play distinct roles in several processes related to prenatal brain development. J. Comp. Neurol. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:790–802, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plant species as indicators of ancient woodland in northwestern Germany

315 isolated semi-natural and natural stands in NW Germany were investigated floristically, 285 stands of ancient woodlands and 30 recent ones. In the study area nearly all semi-natural and natural ancient woodlands are found on mesotrophic or eutrophic sites and can be assigned to the Fagetalia. 54 selected herbaceous and five woody Fagetalia-species have been tested in their association to ancient woodlands. 21 of the 59 selected plant species show a highly significant association to ancient woodlands and seven species show a weak significance. 31 plant species are not significantly correlated with ancient woodland sites, but 25 of them have a low frequency. The result shows that investigations of the historical ecology can help to understand floristic composition of present-day woodlands. Restriction of many woodland species to ancient woodlands, especially rare species, emphasizes the importance of woodlands with a long continuous history for the preservation of endangered species. Irrespective of ecological conditions, the restriction of plant species to ancient woodlands seems to be mainly caused by their low ability to colonize recent woodlands, especially isolated stands. Differences in the association to ancient woodlands between European countries are assumed to be a function of both time and degree of isolation of woodlands, of the dispersal mode of the plant species and of the availability of suitable habitats.
THE GOATS AND SHEEP OF THE DECCAN PLATEAU IN THE MAHARASHTRA STATE OF INDIA

Small ruminants are important in the agricultural economy of Maharashtra. They convert poor quality roughages into milk for home consumption, highly prized meat, skins, excellent manure and coarse wool. The local breeds of goats and sheep have not been adequately defined and not much has been done for their genetic improvement. All the sheep belong to the Deccani breed type while there are three recognized goat breeds, i.e. Osmanabadi, Sangamneri and Surti. Both the goats and sheep are hardy animals, well adapted to harsh conditions but have a low production potential.
Experience and attitude towards luxury brands consumption in an emerging market

Conventionally, consumers perceive luxury products as a means of displaying their wealth and prosperity. Consumption of luxury products has usually been considered the prerogative of the Western world. Although there are a number of studies capturing the pre-purchase and purchase behaviour of consumers, there is a dearth of quality studies that have been conducted in this field to understand the post-purchase behaviour of consumers towards luxury brands, especially in the context of young shoppers in an emerging market context. Studying the post-purchase behaviour of shoppers is important to understand their experience with the brand. A negative experience could lead to a post-purchase dissonance, which in turn could lead to an unbalanced or distorted attitude towards the brand and other marketing stimuli. Keeping this in consideration, the purpose of this study is to explore the experiences and attitudes of young shoppers in India towards luxury consumption. ,The study captured responses from young shoppers of Chandigarh and its satellite cities located in the relatively prosperous northwest region of India. The data were collected from 200 participants through a structured questionnaire that was based on an adapted “Attitude towards the concept of luxury” scale by Dubois and Laurent (1994) and “Brand Experience” Scale by Brakus et al. (2009). The structural equation modeling technique was applied to test the proposed model. ,The empirical results indicate that sensory, intellectual, behavioural and affective experience play a significant role in building the attitude of consumers towards luxury brands. ,The study selected university students from Chandigarh (India) Tricity region as target respondents, which may limit the generalisability of the results to other target respondents in different regions of India or other countries. ,The study is useful for researchers, academicians, marketers and retailers of luxury brands, as it gives fresh insights into understanding the consumer behaviour of a young segment towards the consumption of luxury brands in the post-purchase scenario, especially in the context of an emerging market. ,The uniqueness of the study lies in the fact that it examines the post-purchase behaviour of a segment consisting of young, educated and aspirational individuals in one of the world’s fastest-growing major economies.
Mispricing Firm-level Productivity

Abstract This paper provides a mispricing-based explanation for the negative relation between firm-level productivity and stock returns. Investors appear to underprice unproductive firms and overprice productive firms. We find evidence consistent with the speculative overpricing of productive firms driven by investor sentiment and short sale constraints. Investors erroneously extrapolate past productivity growth and its associated operating performance and stock returns, despite their subsequent reversals. Such mispricing is perpetuated because of limits to arbitrage and is partially corrected around earnings announcements when investors are surprised by unexpected earnings news. Decomposition analysis indicates that extrapolative mispricing and limits to arbitrage explain most of the return predictability of firm-level productivity.
The effects of structured input and traditional instruction on the acquisition of the English causative passive forms: An eye-tracking study measuring accuracy in responses and processing patterns

The present study explores the effects of structured input and traditional instruction on the acquisition of English causative passive forms using online measurements (eye-tracking). Previous empirical research investigating the effects of processing instruction through offline measurements (sentence and discourse) has overall shown positive results for this pedagogical intervention. Research investigating the main factor responsible for the effectiveness of processing instruction has confirmed that it is the structured input component that is the causative factor for the positive effects of processing instruction. The main questions of this study are: (1) what are the effects of structured input and traditional instruction on accuracy when measured by an eye-tracking picture selection task? (2) would possible difference in accuracy between structured input and traditional instruction be accompanied by changes in eye-movement patterns? To provide answers to the two questions formulated in this study, one eye-tracking study was carried out. Fifty-two adult learners (aged 19–21 years) participated and were assigned to one of two groups: structured input (n = 26) or traditional instruction (n = 26). Neither instructional groups received explicit information. A pre and post-training design was adopted and the two groups received two different instructional treatments (structured input vs. traditional instruction). Participants were assessed through a picture selection eye-tracking task to measure accuracy and eye-movement patterns while they were processing auditory sentences. Results of the eye-tracking task indicated that the structured input group achieved significantly higher accuracy scores compared to the group receiving traditional instruction. The main findings from the present study reveal that structured input training causes a change in learners’ eye-movement patterns.
Consistent significant variation between individual males in spermatozoal morphometry

Comparative studies show that variation in sperm morphometry across taxa is associated with the environment in which sperm function, and the species' mating pattern dictating the risk of sperm competition. Accordingly, sperm have evolved to function in a non-self environment (in contrast to somatic cells) and sperm morphometry is predicted to be optimized independently of the individual male producing them, but is the result of selective forces arising directly from the fertilization and competitive environment in which sperm will operate. Males within a population are therefore under stabilizing selection to produce an optimal distribution of sperm sizes. The nature of this distribution was explored using consistent techniques to measure detailed sperm morphometry for 10 species in a range of taxa from insects to humans. Although we expected variance in sperm morphometry to be optimized by every individual male through stabilizing selection at a population or species level, we found the exact opposite; for every species examined there was significant variation between individual males in the total lengths of the sperm they produced. A significant variation is reported between individual males for every species in the sizes of each sperm head, mid-piece and flagellum component. The between-male variation exists consistently in wild, domestic and human populations, subject to a wide range of levels of inbreeding. In gryllid crickets sperm length is shown to be male-specific and is repeatable between successive ejaculates. Between-female variation in ova size (data are presented for trout) is explainable by individual female fecundity optimization strategies; however, the adaptive significance of widespread between-individual variance in male gamete size is counter-intuitive and difficult to interpret, particularly as the limited evidence available shows that sperm morphometry is not condition-dependent or resource-constrained. The differences, however, do suggest negligible influences from haploid expression in the development of sperm morphometry – if haplotypic expression were manifested we would expect more profound variation within a male's sperm population (to reflect the inherent within-male variance in haplotypes derived from recombination) rather than the significant between-male differences we found that suggests the diploid control of spermatozoal phenotype
Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Kearifan Lokal (Local Wisdom) pada Usia Kanak-kanak Awal

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi model pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal (local wisdom). Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana implementasi model pengembangan pembelajaran berbasis kearifan local (local wisdom) pada usia kanak-kanak awal? Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TK Nasyithatun Nisa. Masa kanak-kanak awal berada pada rentang usia 2 hingga 6 tahun yang merupakan masa penutup masa bayi dimana pada usia tersebut ketergantungan secara praktis sudah terlewati, diganti dengan tumbuhnya kemandirian dan berakhir disekitar usia sekolah dasar. Begitu juga dengan tugas-tugas perkembangan anak di usia ini perlu di stimulus agar mencapai kemandirian anak pada tahap usia selanjutnya. Sekolah juga perlu melaksanakan pengembangan pembelajaran sebagai bentuk mengoptimalkan pendidikan pada anak usia dini salah satunya dengan mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasis kearifan budaya lokal. Adapun dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu TK Nasyithatun Nisa telah memperkenalkan unsur budaya yaitu pakaian adat, lagu-lagu, tarian dan makanan khas Melayu Riau.
Synergism of imidacloprid and entomopathogenic nematodes against white grubs: the mechanism

Entomopathogenic nematodes and the chloronicotinyl insecticide, imidacloprid, interact synergistically on the mortality of third‐instar white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The degree of interaction, however, varies with nematode species, being synergistic for Steinernema glaseri (Steiner) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, but only additive for Steinernema kushidai Mamiya. The mechanism of the interaction between imidacloprid and these three entomopathogenic nematodes was studied in the laboratory. In vials with soil and grass, mortality, speed of kill, and nematode establishment were negatively affected by imidacloprid with S. kushidai but positively affected with S. glaseri and H. bacteriophora. In all other experiments, imidacloprid had a similar effect for all three nematode species on various factors important for the successful nematode infection in white grubs. Nematode attraction to grubs was not affected by imidacloprid treatment of the grubs. Establishment of intra‐hemocoelically injected nematodes was always higher in imidacloprid‐treated grubs but the differences were small and in most cases not significant. The major factor responsible for synergistic interactions between imidacloprid and entomopathogenic nematodes appears to be the general disruption of normal nerve function due to imidacloprid resulting in drastically reduced activity of the grubs. This sluggishness facilitates host attachment of infective juvenile nematodes. Grooming and evasive behavior in response to nematode attack was also reduced in imidacloprid‐treated grubs. The degree to which different white grub species responded to entomopathogenic nematode attack varied considerably. Untreated Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) grubs were the most responsive to nematode attack among the species tested. Untreated Cyclocephala borealis Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) grubs showed a weaker grooming and no evasion response, and untreated C. hirta LeConte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) grubs showed no significant response. Chewing/biting behavior was significantly increased in the presence of nematodes in untreated P. japonica and C. borealis but not in C. hirta and imidacloprid‐treated P. japonica and C. borealis. Our observations, however, did not provide an explanation for the lack of synergism between imidacloprid and S. kushidai.
Seasonal changes in some photosynthetic properties of Ceratonia siliqua (carob tree) leaves under natural conditions

Rates of photosynthesis and leaf conductance of the leaves of carob trees (Ceratonia siliqua L.) growing in natural conditions were measured during the course of the seasons to define the effects of the main climatic factors limiting growth in the region: temperature during the winter and water in the summer. The highest photosynthetic rates were measured in spring and autumn and could reach 25 μmol m−2 s−1 with optimal temperature and available water. Due to lower temperatures (4 to 6°C in the night) these values were frequently around 15 μmol m−2 s−1 during winter, but the strongest depression was due to prolonged drought in summer. However a reduction in photosynthesis rate down to 5 μmol m−2 s−1 occurred only after depletion of all the available water in the soil layer up to a depth of 50 cm. In the end of the summer, leaf conductance and water potential were in the order of 20 mmol m−2 s−1 and −3 MPa respectively. Compared to other trees that make up the Mediterranean sclerophyll forest, the photosynthetic activity of carob is high, and the tree tolerates a considerable depletion of soil water.
Timing of growth determines fitness and performance of a galling insect on willow

Characteristics that determine a plant's quality as herbivore food exhibit within‐plant heterogeneity. Most models suggest negative effects from secondary chemicals. Less work has focused on plant growth dynamics that might also be important in creating heterogeneity in the distribution of food resources among leaves within the plant. Gall‐forming insects are sessile during their feeding stage and are therefore of particular interest when assessing the relative importance of growth and non‐growth processes in plants. Galls act as sinks for photoassimilates, and successful redirection of these resources requires that gall formation takes place in plant modules that are in an active growth phase. The gall midge Dasineura marginemtorquens infests leaves of the fast‐growing Salix viminalis. Several young leaves per shoot are used as oviposition sites during any single egg‐laying occasion. This study investigates the extent to which growth in leaves that are apparently suitable for gall initiation varies along shoots of S. viminalis, and tests whether or not such variation affects the fitness and performance of D. marginemtorquens. The relative position of the galled leaves along a shoot was found to determine the success of the gall midge in terms of larval survival, larval developmental time, and adult size. Leaf growth dynamics, but not leaf size, was associated with the variation in insect fitness and performance. Thus, when considering habitat quality for a sessile insect like D. marginemtorquens, the length of time that the galling site acts as a photoassimilate sink is more important than the final size of the plant module.