Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tertiary subduction, collision and exhumation recorded in the Adula nappe, central Alps

Abstract The Adula nappe in the Central Alps represents a lithospheric mélange assembled in a south-dipping subduction zone during the Tertiary orogenic cycle. It consists of several heterogeneous lobes which are stacked in a forward-dipping duplex geometry. Eclogites, garnet peridotites and garnet-white-mica schists record southward-increasing peak pressure conditions which culminate at 12–17 kbar/500–600 °C in the north and 30 kbar/800–850 °C in the south. Some studies infer even higher peak pressures for the garnet peridotite body of Alpe Arami. The present-day metamorphic field gradient for peak pressures exceeds the lithostatic pressure gradient. So far, only eclogites and garnet peridotites from the Cima Lunga complex in the south and the adjacent Southern Steep Belt have yielded Tertiary metamorphic ages for the peak-pressure stage. Some recent studies propose that the Adula nappe got assembled after the formation of high-pressure assemblages in eclogites and garnet peridotites and reject regional high-pressure conditions in Tertiary times. This scenario, however, is in conflict with the observed continuity of metamorphic field gradients and post-peak-pressure structures. Amphibolite facies conditions post-date formation of the Central Alpine nappe stack. In this paper, the associated field gradient is explained through southward-increasing temperatures during near-isothermal decompression. The main mylonitic foliation in the Adula nappe post-dates peak-pressure conditions. It is associated with top-to-the-north shearing and southward-increasing amounts of decompression from eclogite facies to amphibolite facies conditions. Also, the present-day supra-lithostatic field gradient for peak pressures probably results from this deformation phase and is here related to substantial vertical flattening during northward shearing. All subsequent structures affect established nappe boundaries. Pervasive Oligocene deformation events in the Adula nappe are coeval with intense shearing along the so-called Insubric mylonites and occur during ongoing isothermal decompression to around 5 kbar. They are associated with orogen-oblique to orogen-parallel stretching of unspecified amount which may considerably contribute to the exhumation of the Lepontine dome already before the onset of the well-known Miocene extension.
Magnetostratigraphy and paleoenvironments in shallow-water carbonates: the Oligocene-Miocene sediments of the northern margin of the Liguro-Provençal basin (West Marseille, southeastern France)

The present study proposes to estimate the influence of climate, eustatism and local tectonics on the sedimentation of a basin margin at the syn-rift to post-rift transition. For that, paleomagnetic measurements were performed on a marine marly-calcareous sedimentary succession ranging from Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene and located on the northern margin of the Liguro-Provencal basin. The magnetostratigraphic record is correlated to the reference geomagnetic polarity scale [ATNTS04, Lourens et al. 2004] with the help of biostratigraphy based on calcareous nannofossils and planctonic foraminifers [Oudet et al., 2010]. The resulting age model shows that the 100 m-thick sedimentary succession covers a time span of 5 m.y. from the Late Chattian to the Early Burdigalian. Despite several exposure surfaces and a change in the sedimentation rate, no significant hiatus of sedimentation is documented. In addition, we also estimate the paleoenvironmental evolution through the sedimentary succession. Comparing the dated paleoenvironmental reconstruction with global {delta}18O and sea level curves [Miller et al., 2005], we show that the Carry-le-Rouet succession is an excellent paleoclimatic archive. Indeed, coral reefs developed at the glacial-interglacial stage transition marking the end of the Oligocene. In addition, the most diversified coral reefs occurred during the warmest period of the Aquitanian. During rifting, bathymetric variations recorded in the studied succession are related to local synsedimentary tectonics whereas, during oceanic crust accretion, global sea level changes influence the sedimentation. This result allows to characterise and to accurately date the break-up unconformity at 20.35 Ma.
Effects of land-use change on groundwater recharge model parameters

Abstract Land development usually induces large changes in flood peak and infiltration properties, thus affecting the entire hydrological environment of the area. In order to evaluate such negative effects caused by land-use change, it is necessary to estimate the changes in surface runoff and groundwater recharge rate. The effects of land-use changes on the parameter values of a groundwater recharge model were studied and are presented. The response of groundwater level was examined at several observation wells for two different unconfined aquifers consisting of weathered granite. The spatially calibrated parameters of the groundwater recharge model were classified in order to evaluate the effects of land-use change. It was shown that the parameter values most affected by land-use change were the surface runoff coefficient, F ∞, followed by the shape parameter, (r)1/2. The field capacity parameter, R 0, was also greatly affected. By defining the land-use change for these three parameters the hydrological change can be predicted.
Comparative population structure of Cynopterus fruit bats in peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand

The extent to which response to environmental change is mediated by species‐specific ecology is an important aspect of the population histories of tropical taxa. During the Pleistocene glacial cycles and associated sea level fluctuations, the Sunda region in Southeast Asia experienced concurrent changes in landmass area and the ratio of forest to open habitat, providing an ideal setting to test the expectation that habitat associations played an important role in determining species’ response to the opportunity for geographic expansion. We used mitochondrial control region sequences and six microsatellite loci to compare the phylogeographic structure and demographic histories of four broadly sympatric species of Old World fruit bats in the genus, Cynopterus. Two forest‐associated species and two open‐habitat generalists were sampled along a latitudinal transect in Singapore, peninsular Malaysia, and southern Thailand. Contrary to expectations based on habitat associations, the geographic scale of population structure was not concordant across ecologically similar species. We found evidence for long and relatively stable demographic history in one forest and one open‐habitat species, and inferred non‐coincident demographic expansions in the second forest and open‐habitat species. Thus, while these results indicate that Pleistocene climate change did not have a single effect on population structure across species, a correlation between habitat association and response to environmental change was supported in only two of four species. We conclude that interactions between multiple factors, including historical and contemporary environmental change, species‐specific ecology and interspecific interactions, have shaped the recent evolutionary histories of Cynopterus fruit bats in Southeast Asia.
Moist processes during MJO events as diagnosed from water isotopic measurements from the IASI satellite

This study aims to investigate some characteristics of the moist processes of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO), by making use of joint HDO (or δD) and H2O vapor measurements. The MJO is the main intraseasonal mode of the tropical climate but is hard to properly simulate in global atmospheric models. The joint use of δD‐H2O diagnostics yields additional information compared to sole humidity measurements. We use midtropospheric Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite δD and H2O measurements to determine the mean MJO humidity and δD evolution. Moreover, by making use of high temporal resolution data, we determine the variability in this evolution during about eight MJO events from 2010 to 2012 (including those monitored during the DYNAMO (the Dynamics of the MJO), CINDY (Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment in Y2011) campaign). These data have a higher spatiotemporal coverage than previous δD measurements, enabling the sampling of individual MJO events. IASI measurements over the Indian Ocean confirm earlier findings that the moistening before the precipitation peak of an MJO event is due to water vapor slightly enriched in HDO. There is then a HDO depletion around the precipitation peak that also corresponds to the moister environment. Most interevent variability determined in the current study occurs 5 to 10 days after the MJO event. In 75% of the events, humidity decreases while the atmosphere remains depleted. In a quarter of the events, humidity increases simultaneously with an increase in δD. After this, the advection of relatively dry and enriched air brings back the state to the mean. Over the maritime continent, δD‐H2O cycles are more variable on time scales shorter than the MJO and the interevent variability is larger than over the Indian Ocean. The sequence of moistening and drying processes as revealed by the q‐δD cycles can be used as a benchmark to evaluate the representation of moist processes in models. This is done here by comparing observations to simulations of the isotope enabled LMDZ (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom) global climate model nudged with reanalysis wind fields. These simulations also give information to investigate possible physical origins of the observed q‐δD cycles.
Submarine Basalts of the Northern Kerguelen Plateau: Interaction Between the Kerguelen Plume and the Southeast Indian Ridge Revealed at ODP Site 1140

During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 183, basaltic cores were retrieved from the Northern Kerguelen Plateau (NKP) at Site 1140 on the extreme north of the plateau, ~ 270 km north of the Kerguelen Archipelago. Amongst the six basement units recovered, five were pillow basalts with fresh glassy rims together with flow lobes. This is the first evidence for submarine eruption anywhere on the Kerguelen Plateau. Each flow unit has distinct geochemical and isotopic characteristics that span the range from Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) mid ocean ridge basalt to tholeiitic transitional basalts derived from the Kerguelen mantle plume. Relationships between element abundance ratios involving incompatible elements and isotopic ratios reflect mixing of near-primary melts from an SEIR source and the Kerguelen plume with an increasing role for an incompatible element-rich end-member in the order: Unit 1
A review of the environmental history of Iceland, 13 000‐9000 yr BP

A synthesis of the main environmental changes that are interpreted to have occurred in Iceland during the period 13-9 ka BP is presented. Most of the evidence available relates to variations in the position of ice margins, although some limited information on vegetation history and soil stability is also referred to. Only qualitative and limited climatic inferences can be made for this period because of the lack of detailed evidence. A summary curve of the relative extent of ice cover is presented.
Long‐term forest floor carbon dynamics after fire in upland boreal forests of western Canada

We examined the long‐term dynamics of upland boreal forest floors after disturbance by fire. We selected two important and contrasting upland tree species, Pinus banksiana (jack pine) and Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen), in three distinct climatic zones across the boreal forest of western Canada, and sampled 80 fire‐originated stands divided into six chronosequences with ages ranging from 14 to 149 years. The forest floor was a large component of carbon storage. Averaged across ages and zones, it was 1.31 and 2.78 kg C m−2 for P. banksiana and P. tremuloides, respectively, compared with 4.03 and 5.56 kg C m−2 in aboveground trees. These data exclude decomposing coarse woody debris, which was a significant component of the forest floor (0.18/0.13 kg C m−2 ) and requires further study. The contributions from shrubs (0.035/0.151 kg C m−2), ground vegetation (0.019/0.026 kg C m−2), and moss‐plus‐lichen (0.179/0.004 kg C m−2) were relatively small. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model showed that forest floor carbon was positively related to stand age, as well as being affected by species and climatic zone. Much of the variability was explained by species, and species‐specific regression models showed that for P. tremuloides forest floor carbon was strongly related to stand age, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation, and for P. banksiana, forest floor carbon was strongly related to an index of moss dominance. The regression models suggest that the forest floor carbon pool in upland forests of the western Canadian boreal will be sensitive to climate change, but this sensitivity would need to be tested with process‐based models.
Spatial and subseasonal patterns of the long‐term trends of Indian summer monsoon rainfall

Long-term changes in the Indian monsoon rainfall on regional and local scales have important social and economic consequences. To present a comprehensive picture of such changes, the monthly rainfall data at 306 stations, well spread over India, have been analysed over 114 years (1871–1984), for long-term trends. The trends are quantified by linear trend for monthly as well as seasonal rainfall for each station. Some broad contiguous areas showing statistically significant trends have been identified. Areas of increasing trend in the monsoon seasonal rainfall are found along the west coast, north Andhra Pradesh and north-west India, and those of decreasing trend over east Madhya Pradesh and adjoining areas, north-east India and parts of Gujarat and Kerala. The subseasonal patterns indicate that the excess or deficiency of the monsoon rainfall is more frequently realized in the later half of the season. Monsoon rainfall tends to be more concentrated in August, over the west coast and central India.
A study of northern Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) of eastern Newfoundland and Labrador as a metapopulation

I present a model of intrapopulation structure in northern Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) inhabiting the coastal and continental shelf regions off northeast Newfoundland and Labrador based on metapopulation dynamics. I suggest that the metapopulation concept may best explain the historical patterns and present day observations of northern cod distribution. Evidence for subpopulation structure is assembled from new and published data sources, including studies of spawning time and location, migration behaviour, and genetic variation. A theoretical model of northern cod metapopulation dynamics is derived from the simple model of Levins (1970). I consider the various spawning components of northern cod historically centered on the offshore banks and in coastal bays as subpopulations of a northern cod metapopulation. I modify the Levins (1970) model by separating the probability of subpopulation extinction into two component probabilities representing: (1) natural processes and (2) the effects of fishing. Metapopulation theory predicts that fewer suitable areas (spawning grounds) will be occupied as population abundance declines. The corollary prediction is that as population abundance recovers, spawners will recolonize the currently unoccupied spawning areas. The agents of colonization may be migratory adult fish and straying larvae. The model supports the current view that overfishing may have played an important role in the extinction of northern subpopulations off Labrador.
Influence of Temperature and Seed Ripening on the in vivo Incorporation of 14C02 into the Lipids of Oat Grains

To elucidate the influence of growth temperature and of stage of maturity on lipid synthesis in seeds, oat plants (Avena sativa nuda L., variety NOS) were fed with "CO2 at different stages after flowering, and the "C-incorporation into the grain lipids was determined at 2, 24, and 48 hours after the end of "CO2-application. By changing growth temperature from 12 C to 28 C after the application of "CO2 to intact plants, a higher "C-label-ing of saturated fatty acids was found at the higher temperature. At 28 C, palmitic and stearic acids contained 23% and 9% respectively of total fatty acid-"C shortly after the "CO2-appli-cation, whereas at 12 C the corresponding values were 19% and 4%, respectively. Within 2 days "C-activity of saturated fatty acids decreased at both temperatures, but to a lesser degree at 28 C. The higher "C-labeling of saturated fatty acids and its lower decrease within 2 days at 28 C clearly show a direct influence of temperature on fatty acid biosynthesis in oat grains. At all stages of grain growth, oleic acid had the highest "C-activity of all fatty acids shortly after the "CO2-application. How-ever, "C activity of oleic acid rapidly decreases in favor of linoleic acid. With increasing maturity, the intensity of lipid synthesis in the grains decreases; simultaneously, the relative amount of "C-saturated fatty acids increases primarily at the expense of "C-oleic acid. These tendencies, which were observed in oat plants grown at day temperatures of 12 C during seed development, seem to be paralleled by lipid synthesis in younger grains grown at day temperatures of 28 C. This indicates an indirect influence of
The Norwegian Twin Registry

Norway has a long-standing tradition in twin research, but the data collected in several population-based twin studies were not coordinated centrally or easily accessible to the scientific community. In 2009, the Norwegian Twin Registry was established at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) in Oslo with the purpose of creating a single research resource for Norwegian twin data. As of today, the Norwegian Twin Registry contains 47,989 twins covering birth years 1895–1960 and 1967–1979; 31,440 of these twins consented to participate in health-related research. In addition, DNA from approximately 4,800 of the twins is banked at the NIPH biobank and new studies are continually adding new data to the registry. The value of the Norwegian twin data is greatly enhanced by the linkage opportunities offered by Norway's many nationwide registries, spanning a broad array of medical, demographic, and socioeconomic information.
Slow rates of subduction erosion and coastal underplating along the Andean margin of Chile and Peru

Marine seismic and drilling data from the Andean margin of Peru and northern Chile show trench retreat and tectonic erosion since at least 20 Ma. However, the onshore coastal zone has undergone modest regional uplift since ca. 2 Ma. This argues against subduction erosion of the margin by steady-state retreat, such as recognized in Tonga or South Sandwich. Instead we identify a new style of slow tectonic erosion. Uplifted forearc sediments indicate underplating of subducted material beneath the base of the coastal forearc, synchronous with tectonic erosion under the trenchward part of the forearc. These observations require slow rates of forearc crust subduction in the region during this time period, averaging no more than 13 km3/m.y. /km since 20 Ma as the forearc wedge taper increased. Isostatic volume estimates suggest that as much as 85% of subducted material was underplated under the forearc since 330 ka and does not contribute to crustal growth under the Andes. The switch in tectonic style parallels that in the southern Andes, but cannot be triggered by increased sediment flux to the trench, as proposed for that area.
A review on consolidation behavior of tailings

Abstract The proper management of tailings largely depends on its consolidation behavior. Extensive works on this sector have been performed and still it plays a significant role in economic and environmental considerations of a tailings management facility. To resolve these issues, consolidation theories had been developed for one, two, and three dimensional aspects with numerical solutions for soft soils like tailings, which behave differently from natural soils. Eventually, large strain consolidation tests have experienced, at its advance level, precise determination of experimental data because non-linear behavior of compressibility and hydraulic conductivity fits to a wide range of functions. This non-unique behavior of tailings is believed to be an aftermath of the combination of flocculation, sedimentation, consolidation, segregation, deposition, freeze-thaw, and desiccation phenomena. A review of significant contributions from the researchers has been complied and composed in this paper to illustrate the growth and revolution of works on tailings consolidation behavior.
Cation Exchange on Vadose Zone Research Park Subsurface Sediment, Idaho National Laboratory

The exchange of Sr2+, Mg2+, Na+, Li+, and NH4+ for Ca2+ on a sediment from the Vadose Zone Research Park at Idaho National Laboratory was characterized for use in modeling transport and remediation of the 90Sr‐contaminated vadose zone at the nearby Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center. Cation exchange was measured at ionic strengths of 0.1 and 0.005 and a range of cation compositions. The Sr–Ca exchange on this sediment is nonpreferential (Vanselow selectivity coefficient KV = 1), whereas in NH4–Ca exchange NH4 is preferentially adsorbed (KV ≫ 1). The data were modeled using the Vanselow, Rothmund–Kornfeld, and Gapon (KG) exchange coefficients. The Gapon coefficient was the least dependent on exchanger‐phase composition. The KG values were incorporated into a geochemical software program that includes aqueous‐ and solid‐phase reactions. Modeled NH4+ and Ca2+ exchanger phase and solution composition were in good agreement with the experimental data at both ionic strengths.
Arctic warming through the Fram Strait: Oceanic heat transport from 3 years of measurements

We present estimates of volume and heat transport through Fram Strait for the period 1997 to 2000 from data of moored instruments. Full depth volume transports at 78° 55'N were in the order of 10 Sv both northwards and southwards with an annual mean net transport between 2 and 4 Sv to the south. The temperature of the northward flow of Atlantic Water had a strong seasonality with a minimum in winter. Nevertheless, the northward heat transport was highest in winter caused by the winter maximum of northward volume transport. During the three years of observation, the heat transport in the West Spitsbergen Current increased from 28 to 46 TW as a result of both increased speed and temperature. In contrast to the West Spitsbergen Current, the volume and heat transport of East Greenland Current remained fairly constant. An integration over a subsection of the East Greenland Current showed similar values of volume transport to that obtained by measurements in the 1980s (Foldvik et al., 1988). The southward heat transport through modified Atlantic Water weakened slightly between 1997 and 1999 despite increased temperatures.