Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revision of the genus Polyeunoa McIntosh, 1885 (Polychaeta, Polynoidae)

Long-bodied polynoids, like Polyeunoa laevis McIntosh, 1885 and similar species which are often associated with cold-water corals, are regularly reported from Antarctic, Subantarctic and adjacent cold-temperate waters. The taxonomy ofthese species is confused and has been subject to various discussions in the past. For the revision presented here weexamined the available type material and additional specimens of the following species: Polynoe antarctica Kinberg,1858, Polyeunoa laevis McIntosh, 1885, Enipo rhombigera Ehlers, 1908, Hololepidella flynni Benham, 1921, Polyeunoe dubia Hartmann-Schroder, 1965, Polyeunoa monroi Averincev, 1978, and Polynoe thouarellicola Hartmann-Schroder,1989. As a result we consider Polyeunoa laevis McIntosh, 1885, Parapolyeunoa flynni (Benham, 1921) n. comb. , and Neopolynoe antarctica (Kinberg, 1858) n. comb. as valid species. Enipo rhombigera Ehlers, 1908, Polyeunoe dubia Hartmann-Schroder, 1965, and Polynoe thouarellicola Hartmann-Schroder, 1989 are junior synonyms of Polyeunoa laevis. Polyeunoa monroi Averincev, 1978 is a junior synonym of Hololepidella flynni Benham, 1921 for which the newgenus Parapolyeunoa n. gen. is erected. Polynoe antarctica Kinberg, 1858 is transferred to the genus Neopolynoe Loshamn, 1981 and represents the third known species within this genus. Three comprehensive tables illustrating the distinctive characters of the considered genera and species are given to facilitate the identification of the valid species. Keywordstaxonomy, Polyeunoa, Parapolyeunoa n. gen., Neopolynoe, Southern Ocean, SOAP workshop, cold-water corals
MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION IN THE CRANIUM, MANDIBLE, AND DENTITION OF CANIS LATRANS AND CANIS LEPOPHAGUS (CARNIVORA: CANIDAE) AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF ISOLATED FOSSIL SPECIMENS

Abstract Morphometric variation in the cranium, mandible, and dentition of the Blancan coyote, Canis lepophagus, and the modern coyote, Canis latrans, was evaluated using discriminant function analysis to determine if continuous characters can be used to differentiate these 2 taxa. Measurements from 88 continuous characters were partitioned into 4 groups (cranial, upper dentition, mandibular, and lower dentition) and analyzed separately to evaluate whether isolated or fragmentary specimens support species-level discrimination. Measurements from the most complete, Irvingtonian-aged coyote skull were added to the analyses as an unknown to assess the morphometric affinity of this fossil specimen. Results indicate that complete morphometric separation is possible between C. lepophagus and C. latrans, but only using cranial or mandibular data. This separation is maintained for crania when the number of analyzed measurements is reduced to as little as 1 (height of the braincase). In contrast, a suite of mandibular measurements is needed to establish non-overlapping morphometric separation. The Irvingtonian-aged skull consistently groups with C. latrans, supporting the presence of the modern coyote in the Irvingtonian. Resumen Variación morfométrica del cráneo, mandíbula, y dentadura del coyote extinto, Canis lepophagus, y del coyote actual, Canis latrans, fue evaluada usando análisis de funciones discriminantes para determinar si carácteres continuos se pueden utilizar para distinguir estos dos taxa. Las medidas de 88 carácteres continuos fueron divididos en cuatro grupos (craneal, de la dentadura superior, mandibular, y de la dentadura de la mandíbula) y analizadas por separado para evaluar si especímenes aislados o fragmentarios confirman la discriminación a nivel de especie. Medidas del cráneo más completo del coyote “Irvingtonian” fueron agregadas a los análisis como un desconocido para determinar la afinidad morfométrica de este espécimen fósil. Los resultados indican que la separación morfométrica completa es posible entre C. lepophagus y C. latrans, pero solamente con datos craneales o mandibulares. Esta separación se mantiene para el cráneo cuando el número de medidas analizadas se reduce hasta tan poco como 1(altura de la cápsula craneal). En contraste, un juego de medidas mandibulares es necesaria para establecer separación morfométrica que no se traslapa. El cráneo “Irvingtonian” consistentemente se agrupa con C. latrans, apoyando la presencia del coyote moderno en el “Irvingtonian. ”
Toward an analytical model of social-media marketing capabilities

In this research, we adopt a design science approach to develop an analytical framework of social media capabilities of the firm. The approach has been applied in the case of five brands in the cosmetics industry using social network analysis, consumer engagement, descriptive statistics and sentiment analysis. The findings allow us to enlighten the competitive positioning of these brands during the period under study.
Impact of introduced native herbivores on a Pistia stratiotes infestation close to the Paraná Delta in Argentina

ABSTRACT Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) is an important weed in many waterways worldwide. The South American weevil Neohydronomus affinis Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the planthopper Lepidelphax pistiae Remes Lenicov (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) are specific herbivores of P. stratiotes. Both species, plus the oligophagous moth Samea multiplicalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), were released in a P. stratiotes-infested lake in the suburbs of Buenos Aires, Argentina, where previous sampling indicated that specific herbivores were absent. The weevil and the planthopper established and covered the whole lake in under two months. The moth may have also established but its numbers were very low and erratic. Plant cover, biomass per square metre, and individual plant size decreased markedly within a year after the release of the insects. Concomitantly, other floating macrophytes appeared in the lake. Insect abundance was related to mean monthly temperature and light hours, but not the other insect species. However, insect damage levels and the state of the plant population suggest that herbivory was the main factor in lowering the P. stratiotes populations. N. affinis and L. pistiae could be specific, damaging and compatible as biocontrol agents for P. stratiotes.
EVIDENCE FOR DIETARY SPECIALIZATION ON PINE NEEDLES BY THE WOOLLY FLYING SQUIRREL (EUPETAURUS CINEREUS)

Abstract The woolly flying squirrel (Eupetaurus cinereus) is an extremely aberrant sciurid. It is the longest squirrel in the world and the only sciurid with hypsodont dentition. Most of the information on this species comes from a few study skins collected from the western Himalayas over a century ago. The unusual tooth structure of the squirrel led to suppositions about its diet, including the supposition that it ate moss and lichens scraped from rocks. In 1994, 1995, and 1996, we analyzed fecal samples from 4 squirrels. All 4 squirrels ate 92–100% pine needles. These data, coupled with observations of captive and recently released specimens, indicated that woolly flying squirrels feed, mostly or entirely, on pine needles. Such a diet is extremely unusual for a mammal and may explain the squirrel’s unusual tooth structure. Destruction of high-elevation pine woodlands in this region is a distinct and immediate threat to the survival of this species.
Random processes in genetics

ABSTRACT Wright's model of a random process in genetica is modified by supposing that births and deaths occur individually at random so that the generations are no longer simultaneous. An exact solution is then obtained for the distribution of the number of a-genes in a haploid organism when mutation is occurring in both directions. When there is no mutation, the rate of approach to homozygosity is found in more complicated models with two sexes and diploid individuate. This rate is twice that occurring in Wright's models.
Use of F6285 for Weed Control in Peanut: Efficacy and Crop Injury1,2

Abstract Field studies in 1991 and 1992 at Tifton and Attapulgus, GA evaluated the weed control efficacy and crop safety of F6285 on peanut. Treated peanut were stunted by F6285 and had chlorotic leaflet margins. The degree and persistence of injury varied according to rate of F6285. The lowest rate of F6285 (0.14 kg ai ha-1) produced the aforementioned symptoms early in the season, but peanut recovered by late season with no yield effects (P≤0.05). F6285 at 0.28 and 0.42 kg ha-1 severely injured peanut and reduced yields. Preemergence and vegetative emergence applications of F6285 were equally injurious. F6285 effectively controlled yellow nutsedge at rates as low as 0.14 kg ha-1, but sicklepod was not controlled at rates up to 0.42 kg ha-1. F6285 controlled yellow nutsedge more effectively that standard treatments of metolachlor or imazethapyr, but crop injury from F6285 was greater (P≤0.05) than from other herbicides.
Involved field irradiation (IFI) versus elective nodal irradiation (ENI) in combination with concurrent chemotherapy for esophageal thoracic squamous cell cancer: a prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled study

Objective This study was conducted to evaluate treatment-related toxicities, the patterns of failure, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) by comparing IFI with ENI in combination with chemotherapy. Methods Eligible patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and randomized into either an IFI or ENI arm. The primary end points wereacute treatment-related toxicities. The secondary end points were patterns of failure, OS and PFS. Kaplan-Meier survival rate of the method for calculating the Logrank test difference method. Results Between April 2012 and October 2016, a total of 228 patients were enrolled from nine centers in china. Grade≥3, Grade≥2 radiation esophagitis and pneumonitis in the IFI arm were significantly lower than that of the ENI arm (P=0.018, 0.027). No significant differences were observed in overall failure rates, loco-regional failure, distant failure rates, in-field and out-field lymph node failure between the two arms (P=0.401, 0.561, 0.510, 0.561, 0.681). The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-yearand median OS in the ENI arm and IFI arm were 84.1%, 57.3%, 39.4%, 31.6%, 28 months and 83.6%, 62.1%, 44.5%, 31.5%, 32 months (P=0.654), respectively. The 1-, 2-, 3-yearand median PFS in the ENI arm and IFI arm were 71.9%, 42.3%, 32.7%, 20 months and 70.1%, 45.0%, 35.9%, 22 months (P=0.885), respectively. Conclusions Compared to ENI, IFI resulted in decreased radiation pneumonitis and esophagitis without sacrificing loco-regional lymph nodal control, PFS and OS in thoracic ESCC. Clinical Trial Registry Chinese Clinical trail registry, registration number: NCT01551589. Key words: Esophageal neoplasms/radiotherapy; Elective nodal irradiation; Involved field irradiation; Toxicities; Patterns of failure
On the biology of the small copepods in Loch Striven

The seven species of small copepod common in Loch Striven have been studied from vertical tow-net hauls taken there throughout the year 1933. These copepods were Pseudocalanus minutus, Paracalanus parvus, Microcalanus pygmaeus, Centropages hamatus, Temora longicornis, Acartia clausi and Oithona similis. In general, the copepods began to reproduce about the time of the spring diatom increase in March or April, and produced a succession of broods throughout the summer; apart from the first these broods were not as a rule so clearly marked as in Calanus. Microcalanus begins to breed before the spring increase and has clearly marked broods like Calanus.
The Effect of Adding Protected Fat in the Ration of Lactating Awassi Ewes and Fattening Lambs

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of adding ruminally protected fat to ration of milking ewes and fattening lambs. In the first experiment, a thirty Awassi (2-5 years old) averaging sixty days postpartum were used in complete randomized design. Animals were randomly divided into three groups; each group was randomly divided into two pens (5 animals/pen). The first group was fed a control diet without fat supplementation, group two and group three were fed on the rations containing 3% and 6% fat supplemented diet, respectively. Dry matter intake, milk yield and milk total solid were unaffected by fat inclusion. Milk fat percentage increased (P<0.05) with the 3% level. Milk protein percentage didn’t change by the 3% level inclusion but a significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed by the 6% inclusion on diet. In experiment two, six ewes from each group in experiment one were selected randomly to assess the effect of adding the same level of fat on nutrient digestibility. No significant (P<0.05) differences were observed for DM, OM, ADF and NDF digestibility. Digestibility of CP decreased and EE digestibility increased significantly by adding fat to the ration. The objective of experiment three was to estimate the effect of adding two levels of fat on growth performance of Awassi lambs. Thirty Awassi lambs were randomly divided into three groups each group was divided into two pens (5animals/pen) and allocated to three diets. The first was without added fat and considered as a control, the second was with 4% added fat, and the third contained 8% added fat. The addition of fat didn’t affect dry matter intake but increased (P<0.05) ether extract intake. Final body weight, average daily gain and weight changes were improved (P<0.05) by adding fat but there was no significant differences between the 4 and 8% level of fat. The experiments showed that using fat in a protected form at levels that don’t exceed 4% could improve production performance in sheep.
Investigating the genetics Of thyroid stimulating hormone in newborns

Endocrine disorders are substantial contributors to neonatal morbidity and mortality and, of these, congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common (Kumar et al. 2009). CH is a common and preventable cause of mental retardation with an incidence of approximately 1 in 2,350 live births (Hinton et al. 2010). In Iowa, the Iowa Neonatal Metabolic Screening program (INMSP) uses thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to screen for CH at birth. However, TSH is highly variable among healthy newborns as well as adults, leading to false positive results in some cases. Previous studies have observed that adult TSH variability is under strong genetic regulation with estimated heritability of up to 65% (Panicker et al. 2008). Additionally, there have been multiple studies examining genetic factors associated with adult TSH levels. TSH heritability has never been estimated in the neonatal period and we aimed to determine the heritability in neonates and compare it to heritability estimates in adults. We examined 381 twin pairs obtained from the INMSP. Heritability was estimated using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression adjusting for factors affecting TSH levels; gestational age, gender, weight and age at time of sample collection. We estimated neonatal TSH heritability to be 58% with a P-value of 2x10, which mirrors adult heritability estimates, and provides direct evidence for a strong genetic contribution to TSH variability at birth. We next examined genetic factors that may contribute to the observed heritability. Genetic contribution to TSH variation has been studied extensively in adults, but not in neonates. We genotyped a population of Iowa neonates; term (n=827) and preterm (n=815), for 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that we selected based on reported genetic associations with adult TSH levels from the literature, as well as other candidate genes. TSH values were obtained from the INMSP. Analysis of variance was performed to identify genetic associations with TSH concentrations. The strongest
Tight binding between a pool of the heterodimeric α/β tubulin and a protein kinase CK2 in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes

Tubulin is the predominant phosphoprotein in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and is phosphorylated by a protein kinase CK2. Interestingly, the presence or absence of divalent cations affected the solubilization of a pool of the parasite tubulin and the CK2 responsible for its phosphorylation. This fraction of tubulin and its kinase co-eluted using phosphocellulose, DEAE-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-300 chromatographies. Anti-α tubulin antibodies co-immunoprecipitated both tubulin and the CK2 responsible for its phosphorylation, and anti-CK2 α-subunit antibodies immunoprecipitated radioactively labelled α and β tubulin from phosphorylated epimastigote homogenates. Additionally, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified and radioactively labelled fraction containing tubulin and its kinase demonstrated the phosphorylation of a unique band that reacted with both anti-CK2 α-subunit and anti-tubulin antibodies. Together, these results establish a strong interaction between a pool of the heterodimeric α/β tubulin and a CK2 in this parasite. Hydrodynamic measurements indicated that the T. cruzi tubulin-CK2 complex is globular with an estimated size of 145·4–147·5 kDa.
Antiurolithiatic Activity of Salix taxifolia Aqueous Extract

The aqueous extract of the bark of Salix taxifolia was tested for antilithiatic and diuretic activities. Urolithiasis was experimentally induced by implantation of a zinc disc in the urinary bladder of rats. A significant decrease in the weight of the stones was observed after treatment in animals with the aqueous extract. This extract caused an increase in the 24h urine volume.
The effect of biodeterioration on the nutritional composition and microbiology of an edible long- winged reproductive termite, Macroterms bellicosus. Smeathman

Macroterms bellicoccus, an edible long-winged reproductive termite is an important food source and its harvesting is becoming a major activity in some rural areas in Nigeria. The microbiology and proximate characteristics of the fresh products had been reported. Proximate analysis and gross energy determined for the deteriorated sample proved the effect of microorganisms on the nutritional composition of the sample. There was a drastic reduction in the protein and fat content as well as the gross energy value of the deteriorated sample as a result of disintegration of valuable food components by microorganisms. Moisture content was high and may encourage deterioration and spoilage. Seven genera of bacteria and six genera of moulds and one species of yeast were isolated from the deteriorated sample. The colony count of bacteria are Staphylococcus ( 3.0 × 105) , Bacillus (1.2 ×104), Pseudomonas ( 6.0 × 103), Lactobacillus (2.0 × 102), Acinetobacter (2.0 × 104), Proteus (1.4 × 103) and Enterococcus (3.0 × 104), while the fungal counts were Mucor (3.0 × 102), Rhizopus (1.0 × 102), Aspergillus (3.0 × 102), Penicillium (5.0 × 102), Fusarium (4.0 × 102), Geotrichum (3.0 × 103) and Sacchoromyces (2.0 × 104), Mucor sp (1.5 × 102), Aspergillus flavus (3.0 × 101). Staphylococcus and Bacillus species produce potent toxins and their presence portends health risk to the consumers. Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium verrucosum produce mycotoxins that cause cancer and liver disfunctioning amongst others. Mucor sp are involved in food deterioration and spoilage. Deterioration appeared to be a concerted effort of microorganisms, moisture and high nutrient composition of the sample.
Effect of Dietary Protein Levels and some Limiting Amino Acids on the Performance of Egg-Type Commercial Pullets (20-40 Weeks)

A feeding trial was conducted using 372 commercial pullets, from 20 weeks to 40 weeks of age following 3 x 5 factional arrangement in completely randomised design (CRD). Three dietary levels of lysine (0.75, 0.70 and 0.65%) and methionine+cystine (0.60, 0.55 and 0.50%) were compared at three different levels of protein (18% CP in Treatments 1 to 5, 16% CP in Treatments 6 to 10 and 14% CP in Treatments 11 to 15) with one negative control having all vegetable protein and one positive central (vegetable protein dict+5% fish meal) at each protein level.Maximum per cent hen day production was obtained at the high protein level. Higher and similar values for feed efficiency were noticed at high and medium level in comparison to low level of protein. Levels of protein and amino acids had no effect on egg weight. Feed conversion efficiency improved significantly (p<0.05) at low level supplementation of amino acids and was poor for the sole vegetable protein diet. The diets having all -vegetable protein, fish meal and medium level of amino acid exhibited comparable but poor feed conversion efficiency. Vegetable protein, animal protein and low level of amino acid supplemented groups had similar effect on body weight gains. Gains observed on medium level of amino acid supplemented groups were also comparable to the pre-stated groups. However; high level of amino acid supplemented groups projected poorest gains.
Strong 1-boundedness of unimodular orthogonal free quantum groups

Recently, Brannan and Vergnioux showed that the free orthogonal quantum group factors $\mathcal{L}\mathbb{F}O_M$ have Jung's strong 1-boundedness property, and hence are not isomorphic to free group factors. We prove an analogous result for the other unimodular case, where the parameter matrix is the standard symplectic matrix in 2N dimensions $J_{2N}$. We compute free derivatives of the defining relations by introducing self-adjoint generators through a decomposition of the fundamental representation in terms of Pauli matrices, resulting in 1-boundedness of these generators. Moreover, we prove that under certain conditions, one can add elements to a 1-bounded set without losing 1-boundedness. In particular this allows us to include the character of the fundamental representation, proving strong 1-boundedness.
Spherical Perspective on Learning with Batch Norm

Batch Normalization (BN) is a prominent deep learning technique. In spite of its apparent simplicity, its implications over optimization are yet to be fully understood. In this paper, we study the optimization of neural networks with BN layers from a geometric perspective. We leverage the radial invariance of groups of parameters, such as neurons for multi-layer perceptrons or filters for convolutional neural networks, and translate several popular optimization schemes on the $L_2$ unit hypersphere. This formulation and the associated geometric interpretation sheds new light on the training dynamics and the relation between different optimization schemes. In particular, we use it to derive the effective learning rate of Adam and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with momentum, and we show that in the presence of BN layers, performing SGD alone is actually equivalent to a variant of Adam constrained to the unit hypersphere. Our analysis also leads us to introduce new variants of Adam. We empirically show, over a variety of datasets and architectures, that they improve accuracy in classification tasks. The complete source code for our experiments is available at: this https URL