Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Efficiency Under Safety Constraints for Drilling Process Optimization Using Economic Model Predictive Control With Zone Tracking

During drilling, the driller cannot continuously and reliably regulate manipulated variables such as surface weight on bit (WOBs), surface revolutions per minute (RPMs), and mud pump flow rate. This results in optimal drilling parameters that cannot be obtained in real time, which will affect drilling safety and efficiency. Therefore, we consider an integrated coupling model to simultaneously describe the response of rate of penetration (ROP) and bottom hole pressure (BHP). With this model, we design an economic model predictive control with zone tracking (ZEMPC) algorithm combining the optimization and control layers to reduce the hydraulic mechanical specific energy (HMSE) while accurately regulating the BHP and ensuring efficient hole cleaning during operation. This algorithm is compared with another hierarchical control structure. The upper layer of this structure implements steady-state optimization for HMSE, and the optimal set value of BHP and ROP is dynamically tracked in the lower layer using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). A performance comparison reveals that both control algorithms can track formation pressure with acceptable accuracy, and the concentration of bottom hole cuttings is less than 5% during improving ROP. ZEMPC based on $l_{1}$ norm constraint can better improve the economic performance of key variables by increasing control redundancy and is not affected by the decision cycle. The robustness of the two algorithms is studied in case of errors in mud density and friction parameters. It is found that the ZEMPC based on the $l_{1}$ norm constraint is less sensitive to error when the model is mismatched.
Mapping a historic neighbourhood through user-generated content: the case of Alfama, Lisbon (Portugal)

Participant-based methods aimed at extracting neighbourhood definitions are labour and time intensive. On the other hand, user-generated content (UGC) can provide locations to assess the extent of neighbourhoods. We investigated the definitions of Alfama - a historic neighbourhood in Lisbon (Portugal) - using six sources of UGC and applied a modification of the DBSCAN algorithm developed in the literature. By generating shapes from each source, we were able to visually and quantitatively evaluate their agreement as well as their differences. We demonstrate how different profiles of user activity from each source yielded varied geographies of Alfama. Although discrete representations are not the optimal choice, practical applications such as urban planning usually demand sharp definitions. Lastly, our approach can be extended and improved by adding more sources of UGC data and by picking other case studies.
Drag Force on Single Piles in Clay Subjected to Surcharge Loading

Piles driven into clay are often subjected to indirect loading as a result of the surcharge applied on the surrounding area. During the drained period, both the piles and the soil undergo downward movements caused by the axial and the surcharge loading, respectively. Depending on the relative movement of the pile–soil system, positive and negative skin friction develop on the pile’s shaft. Negative skin friction is the drag force that may be large enough to reduce the pile capacity and/or to overstress the pile’s material causing fractures or perhaps structural failure of the pile, and/or possibly pulling out the pile from the cap. A numerical model that uses the finite element technique combined with the soil responses according to Mohr–Coulomb criteria was developed for case simulation. The computer program CRISP (developed by Cambridge University) was used in this study. The numerical model was first tested against the results predicted by the bearing capacity theories for pile foundations in clay subj.
Pixel Diffuser: Practical Interactive Medical Image Segmentation without Ground Truth

Medical image segmentation is essential for doctors to diagnose diseases and manage patient status. While deep learning has demonstrated potential in addressing segmentation challenges within the medical domain, obtaining a substantial amount of data with accurate ground truth for training high-performance segmentation models is both time-consuming and demands careful attention. While interactive segmentation methods can reduce the costs of acquiring segmentation labels for training supervised models, they often still necessitate considerable amounts of ground truth data. Moreover, achieving precise segmentation during the refinement phase results in increased interactions. In this work, we propose an interactive medical segmentation method called PixelDiffuser that requires no medical segmentation ground truth data and only a few clicks to obtain high-quality segmentation using a VGG19-based autoencoder. As the name suggests, PixelDiffuser starts with a small area upon the initial click and gradually detects the target segmentation region. Specifically, we segment the image by creating a distortion in the image and repeating it during the process of encoding and decoding the image through an autoencoder. Consequently, PixelDiffuser enables the user to click a part of the organ they wish to segment, allowing the segmented region to expand to nearby areas with pixel values similar to the chosen organ. To evaluate the performance of PixelDiffuser, we employed the dice score, based on the number of clicks, to compare the ground truth image with the inferred segment. For validation of our method’s performance, we leveraged the BTCV dataset, containing CT images of various organs, and the CHAOS dataset, which encompasses both CT and MRI images of the liver, kidneys and spleen. Our proposed model is an efficient and effective tool for medical image segmentation, achieving competitive performance compared to previous work in less than five clicks and with very low memory consumption without additional training.
High-resolution magnetostratigraphy of four sediment cores from the Greenland Sea—II. Rock magnetic and relative palaeointensity data

SUMMARY High-resolution magnetostratigraphic analysis of three sediment cores from the base of the volcanic seamount Vesteris Banken in the Greenland Basin and one from the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone revealed records of three pronounced geomagnetic events: the Mono Lake excursion (28–27 ka), the Laschamp event (37–33 ka) and the Biwa I*** Jamaica event (189–179 ka). Rock magnetic investigations, measurements of magnetic susceptibility, and ARM and IRM acquisition/demagnetization experiments show that only fine-grained (titano) magnetite (≤ 0.5 μm) is the dominant magnetic carrier mineral in the hemipelagic muds. There is no evidence for high amounts of high-coercivity minerals like haematite or goethite. Volcanic (basaltic) ash layers in sediments around Vesteris Banken seamount are characterized by extremely high values of magnetic susceptibility, reaching 16 000 times 10-6 (SI), as well as by low median destructive fields of the anhysteretic remanent magnetization (MDFARM), indicating magnetite of larger grain sizes (≥ 1 μm). Besides this, no significant variation in rock magnetic parameters across intervals of intermediate to reversed ChRM inclinations are observed. Therefore, these are interpreted as true records of geomagnetic field variations. The recovered sediments, characterized by only moderate fluctuations in concentration as well as grain-size-related rock magnetic parameters, provided good conditions for the reconstruction of the relative palaeointensity of the geomagnetic field. The recorded geomagnetic events are clearly linked to a drastic reduction in the relative palaeointensity of the field. The lowermost values were obtained for the time of the polarity transition with a trend to higher relative intensities in the course of the polarity events. Event ages and the relative palaeointensity variations, based on different methods, derived from the Greenland Sea sediments investigated are in good agreement with data published in the literature.
Effect of Explicit Teaching of Vocabulary Strategies on EFL Learners’ Recall and Recognition of Academic Words

Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effect of the explicit teaching of vocabulary strategies on 202 EFL learners’ improvement of receptive vocabulary knowledge in terms of meaning recall and recognition of academic words. Methods: This mixed-methods study consisted of two phases: quantitative and qualitative. In the first phase which was a quasi-experimental design with two groups (experimental and control), all students responded to an adapted vocabulary test that has multiple choice and multiple matching questions. Through focus group interviews with some participants in the experimental group, qualitative data on students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of explicit teaching of vocabulary strategies were collected. While the quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), the interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically. Results: The results of the study revealed that the explicit method of teaching vocabulary strategies was effective in improving students’ vocabulary knowledge in terms of both meaning recall and recognition of academic words. Conclusions: Thus, the explicit method of teaching vocabulary strategies can be recommended for EFL learners in academic reading courses.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG TUBERKULOSIS DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT DI PUSKESMAS

Latar Belakang : Di Indonesia, penyakit ini merupakan penyakit rakyat nomor satu dan sebagai penyebab kematian nomor tiga. Propinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan propinsi nomor tiga terbesar di Indonesia, dengan jumlah penduduk 31.691. 866 jiwa, diperkirakan terdapat 36,446 penderita TB paru menular pada tahun 2003. Dari jumlah tersebut, yang telah mendapat pengobatan dipelayanan kesehatan baru mencapai 28,3%. Berdasarkan penderita yang menjalani pengobatan, sebanyak 74% penderita dapat disembuhkan. Angka tersebut masih dibawah target yang ditetapkan, yaitu kesembuhan 85% Tujuan :Mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan tentang tuberkulosis dengan kepatuhan minum obat di Puskesmas Banyuanyar Surakarta. Metode Penelitian :Penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode korelasi. Rancangan penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknikaccindental sampling, sejumlah 20 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Analisa bivariate menggunakan uji Spearman-rank. Hasil : Hasil uji bivariat membuktikan ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang tuberculosis dengan kepatuhan minum obat di Puskesmas Banyuanyar Surakarta, dengan hasil Spearman-rank dengan probabilitas (p) sebesar 0,021. Nilai p < 0,50 menunjukkan bahwa korelasi signifikan. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang tuberculosis dengan kepatuhan minum obat. Semakin tinggi tingkat pengetahuan penderita tentang tuberculosis maka semakin patuh minum obat.
Surface Water and Energy Budgets for the Mississippi River Basin in Three NCEP Reanalyses

AbstractSurface water and energy budgets from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–U.S. Department of Energy (NCEP–DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) Global Reanalysis 2 (GR2), the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) are compared here with each other and with available observations over the Mississippi River basin. The comparisons in seasonal cycle, interannual variation, and annual mean over a 31-yr period show that there are a number of noticeable differences and similarities in the large-scale basin averages. Warm season precipitation and runoff in the GR2 are too large compared to the observations, and seasonal surface water variation is small. By contrast, the precipitation in both NARR and CFSR is more reasonable and in better agreement with the observation, although the corresponding seasonal runoff is very small. The main causes of the differences in both surface parameterization and approach used in a.
The Role of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves in Sub‐Seasonal Predictions

Convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) are modes of tropical variability that are often seen as potentially beneficial for sub‐seasonal predictions. Quantifying this potential has been proven difficult in operational forecast systems because tropical variability tends to be poorly represented in such models. The European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is a potential exception because it has been shown to have much improved representation of the tropics. Here, ECMWF reforecasts are used to investigate the predicted evolution of CCEWs and how they might impact sub‐seasonal predictions. It is shown that the ECMWF system is able to generate variability consistent with various modes of CCEWs, but CCEWs tend to be weaker in amplitude and their propagation characteristics often deviate from observations. This study suggests that model advancements aimed at improving the deterministic representation of CCEWs are still needed in order to better understand and utilize tropical sources of sub‐seasonal predictive skill.
A gridded global data set of soil, intact regolith, and sedimentary deposit thicknesses for regional and global land surface modeling

Earth's terrestrial near‐subsurface environment can be divided into relatively porous layers of soil, intact regolith, and sedimentary deposits above unweathered bedrock. Variations in the thicknesses of these layers control the hydrologic and biogeochemical responses of landscapes. Currently, Earth System Models approximate the thickness of these relatively permeable layers above bedrock as uniform globally, despite the fact that their thicknesses vary systematically with topography, climate, and geology. To meet the need for more realistic input data for models, we developed a high‐resolution gridded global data set of the average thicknesses of soil, intact regolith, and sedimentary deposits within each 30 arcsec (∼1 km) pixel using the best available data for topography, climate, and geology as input. Our data set partitions the global land surface into upland hillslope, upland valley bottom, and lowland landscape components and uses models optimized for each landform type to estimate the thicknesses of each subsurface layer. On hillslopes, the data set is calibrated and validated using independent data sets of measured soil thicknesses from the U.S. and Europe and on lowlands using depth to bedrock observations from groundwater wells in the U.S. We anticipate that the data set will prove useful as an input to regional and global hydrological and ecosystems models.
Technical Success and Safety of Transradial Uterine Artery Embolisation for Symptomatic Fibroids at a Single Centre in South Africa

Background The femoral artery has remained the primary means of vascular access for uterine artery embolisation in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Transradial access for coronary artery catheterization is gaining wider acceptance, with studies in the cardiac literature demonstrating key advantages. The primary objective of this study was to compare the technical success and safety of the transradial approach for uterine artery embolization performed at a single centre in South Africa. Methods Data was obtained from consecutive patients undergoing uterine artery embolisation for the treatment of symptomatic fibroids over a 30-month period. Specifically technical success and patient safety were analysed. Results A total of 496 patients were included in the study. Of these 27 patients had primary contraindications to radial access. The remaining 469 patients who underwent radial artery access, technical success was achieved in 459 cases (97.9%). The primary cause of technical failure was radial artery spasm (9.9%). Mean procedure times were 53.5 minutes ± 15.2 minutes with total screening times of 9.6 ± 9.1 minutes. The mean radiation dose area product was 6321.7 ± 3449.8 cGy.cm2. Complications were recorded in 40 (8.5%) patients, of which 7 (1.5%) were major complications. Conclusions This study corroborates evidence that this approach is a safe and effective alternative to the traditional transfemoral route for the treatment of uterine fibroids.
THE EFFECT OF USING AUTHENTIC MATERIALS ON READING COMPREHENSION ACROSS SECONDARY STUDENT’ COGNITIVE LEARNING STYLE

The teaching of reading nowadays is urged to empower students to cope with 21st century literacy challenges and to develop prevailing 21st century. Further, English teachers have to implement interesting and creative materials and strategies to motivate students in learning English. Compared to non-authentic materials, authentic materials seemed more promising to fulfill the demand. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the use of authentic materials in the classroom in teaching reading comprehension is effective toward students’ cognitive learning styles. The effect of authentic materials was compared to the non-authentic ones. This study employed a quasi-factorial 2 x 2 design and involved 68 tenth graders SMKN 3 Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan Province. The instruments used were reading comprehension posttest and GEFT. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 to test hypotheses at . 05 level of significance. The results showed that authentic materials improved students’ reading comprehension compared to the non-authentic ones. It conforms to the theory of authentic materials and the previous studies indicating authentic material is effective in improving students’ reading comprehension. It was further found that there was no significant difference in the reading comprehension between field independent and field dependent students. Based on the results, it can be concluded that using authentic materials is promising alternative materials to help students increase students’ reading comprehension with different cognitive learning styles.
Serum biochemical parameters profile of Wistar rats following daily administration of some food spices

Garlic, ginger, and turmeric are widely used together or individually as spices in food or for their different medicinal purposes all around Nigeria. This study was conducted to assess the effects of consuming either of the three samples on the livers of wistar rats. Standard methods of analyses were employed for the study. A set of fifteen male Wistar Rats divided equally into three groups of which group I served as control and groups II and III as test groups were used for each of the samples; a total of 45 wistar rats were used for this study. The rats in the test groups for each of the samples were placed on different concentrations (group II: 100 mg/kg Body Weight and group III: 200 mg/kg BW) of the sample extract for 21 days. Results obtained reveal that ethanol extracts (100 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW) of garlic significantly (p<0.05) reduced the liver enzymes Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and the bilirubin levels but significantly (p < 0.05) reduced Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) against the control. However, ginger extracts and turmeric extracts significantly (p<0.05) increased ALT and AST in the test groups against the control, and while ginger extracts significantly (p<0.05) increased the levels of bilirubins, turmeric extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of bilirubins in the attest groups against the control. The significant decrease in the levels of ALT, ALP, total and conjugated bilirubin levels by garlic extracts shows garlic hepatoprotective potential while the significant increase in the levels of ALT and AST by ginger extracts and turmeric extracts shows their hepatotoxic potential to the body of the experimental animals employed.
THE EFFECT OF EMPATHY AND PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES ON SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR BEHAVIOR WITH SELF-EFFICACY, OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AS MEDIATOR IN JAKARTA

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of empathy and prior experience on social entrepreneurial behavior with self-efficacy, outcome expectation and perceived social support as mediator. The sampling technique used in this research is non-probability sampling using convenience sampling technique. Data collection using a google form questionnaire distributed through social media with a total of 200 respondents. Data processing in this study using SmartPLS software version 3.2. 9. The sample in this study is social entrepreneur who live in Jakarta. The results of the analysis of this study are: 1) self-efficacy can positively and significantly effect on social entrepreneurial behavior, 2) outcome expectation can positively and significantly effect on social entrepreneurial behavior, 3) perceived social support can positively and significantly effect on social entrepreneurial behavior, 4) empathy can positively and significantly effect on social entrepreneurial behavior with self-efficacy, outcome expectation and perceived social support, 5) prior experience can positively and significantly effect on social entrepreneurial behavior with self-efficacy, outcome expectation and perceived social support.
Reinforcing, negotiating and resisting gender norms among reunited couples in Mexico: An intersectional critical ethnography

Abstract This article examines the reunification experiences and gender dynamics of reunited Mexican couples post-migration, and the intersections that shape those experiences. In 2021, we conducted a critical ethnographic study guided by intersectionality theory in Veracruz, Mexico. We interviewed women who stayed behind (n = 20), return migrants (n = 12), health care providers (n = 6), and community leaders (n = 12). Data was analyzed using thematic analysis using NVivo software as aid. We found that the intersection of age, gender, and employment status influenced gender relations among reunited couples postmigration. Couples reinforced, negotiated, and resisted pre-established gender norms in Agua Dulce. The findings suggest that women have the capacity to act on the relationship pathway upon the return of their migrant partners at the dynamic intersection of age, gender, and employment status. These must be understood against the backdrop of gender norms in the study context. This article provides an important theoretical contribution to research and policy. The contribution lies in the rich intersectional understanding of how and why relationships are affected in different ways depending on intersecting factors across the pre-, during, and post- migration experience. Policymakers and stakeholders can use it to identify ways to enhance women’s agency.