Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of (cid:1) -1 antitrypsin endocytosis by lung endothelium of (cid:1) -1 antitrypsin endocytosis

The integrity of lung alveoli is maintained by proper circulating levels of (cid:1) -1 antitrypsin (A1AT). Next to cigarette smoking, A1AT deﬁciency is a major risk factor for lung emphysema development. We recently reported that in addition to neutralizing neutrophil elastases in the extracellular compartment, A1AT is internalized by lung endothelial cells and inhibits apoptosis. We hypothesized that the intracellular uptake of A1AT by endothelial cells may be required for its protective function; therefore, we studied the mechanisms of A1AT internalization by primary rat lung microvascular endothelial cells and the effect of cigarette smoke on this process both in vitro and in vivo (in mice). Puriﬁed A1AT was taken up intracellularly by endothelial cells in a time-dependent, dose-dependent, and conformer-speciﬁc manner and was detected in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of nondiseased human lung sections. Despite a critical role for caveoli in endothelial cell endocytosis in general, speciﬁc inhibition of clathrin-mediated, but not caveoli-mediated, endocytosis profoundly decreased A1AT internalization and reversed the A1AT’s antiapoptotic action. Further more, A1AT associated with clathrin heavy chains, but not with caveolin-1 in the plasma membrane fraction of staining in of A1AT; for human lung tissue as a positive control. For the immunoﬂuores-cence colocalization studies in human lung tissue optimized for the human minimize the typical high autoﬂuorescence of the lung structures. After incubation primary antibodies human A1AT, incubated antibodies against CD31 the appropriate ﬂuorescently antibodies were (Invitrogen), counter-stained DAPI Frozen sections from animals receiving ﬂuorescently labeled A1AT were visualized under ﬂuorescence microscope, without antibody staining.
Space radiation effects in advanced flash memories

Memory storage requirements in space systems have steadily increased, much like storage requirements in terrestrial systems. Large arrays of dynamic memories (DRAMs) have been used in solid-state recorders, relying on a combination of shielding and error-detection-and correction (EDAC) to overcome the extreme sensitivity of DRAMs to space radiation. For example, a 2-Gbit memory (with 4-Mb DRAMs) used on the Clementine mission functioned perfectly during its moon mapping mission, in spite of an average of 71 memory bit flips per day from heavy ions. Although EDAC worked well with older types of memory circuits, newer DRAMs use extremely complex internal architectures which has made it increasingly difficult to implement EDAC. Some newer DRAMs have also exhibited catastrophic latchup. Flash memories are an intriguing alternative to DRAMs because of their nonvolatile storage and extremely high storage density, particularly for applications where writing is done relatively infrequently. This paper discusses radiation effects in advanced flash memories, including general observations on scaling and architecture as well as the specific experience obtained at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in evaluating high-density flash memories for use on the NASA mission to Europa, one of Jupiter's moons. This particular mission must pass through the Jovian radiation belts, which imposes a very demanding radiation requirement.
“Not Writing It Out But Writing It Off ”: Preparing Multicultural Teachers for Urban Classrooms Research

Immersion in a linguistically and culturally diverse urban community in combination with coursework that relies on process writing can help prospective teachers gain awareness and understanding of diverse communities. Utilized as an instructional approach, process writing (Graves, 1983) enables prospective teachers to construct and reconstruct knowledge gained in the fi eld by drafting, peer reviewing, and redrafting accounts of their observations and reactions, while collectively scrutinizing their own underlying assumptions in such written work. Incremental meaning-making processes can effectively lead prospective teachers to: (a) understand/overcome biases within communities of learners; (b) identify researchable issues anchored in the communities where they learn to teach; and (c) collaboratively enhance their own perspectives with regards to the impact of context in teaching, learning, and assessing. This article addresses the following research questions: How do prospective teachers develop understanding of a diverse context through immersion? How does process writing impact such development? These are questions in which I became interested after data collected from a prior cohort of thirteen students suggested that prospective teachers’ pervasive reliance on defi cit views of diverse populations strengthened during urban fi eld experiences, in spite of coursework aimed at developing pluralistic views of difference (Abbate-Vaughn, 2004). Data for this study were collected from a cohort of sixteen students. The article focuses on one intervention—that of process writing—examined in depth through the work of one peer review writing group (PRWG) composed of four prospective teachers.
Journal of Child & Adolescent Behavior Therapeutic Alliance and Outcomes in Children and Adolescents Served in a Community Mental Health System

This study examined the association between the therapeutic alliance and behavioral/emotional outcomes in 350 youth receiving outpatient therapy at a community mental health clinic. Constructs of interest were measured at intake, 3 week, 2 month, 4 month and 6 month intervals. Results indicated that early therapeutic alliance ratings were not related to premature termination. Problem type was related to the formation of the alliance only at the three week time point. A relationship between age of the client and the formation of a therapeutic alliance was true only at the 6 month time point. Finally, therapist’s ratings of the alliance were not correlated with psychotherapy outcome. These findings indicate that further work is needed to understand associations between therapeutic alliance and youth treatment outcomes.
The expectations of auditing - a qualitative study on smaller limited firms in Sweden

The current reform of audit was introduced in 2010, which would mean that small limited firms in Sweden have the right to choose if they want to conduct an audit. The purpose of this study is to examine the expectations of smaller limited companies in Sweden have on conducting an audit. By examining these expectations, the essay also studies the companies’ perceptions of the auditor’s role and what kind of tasks they perceive to be included in the auditor’s role. In accordance with the study’s empirical results, the smaller limited companies are satisfied with their auditor’s work. The auditor’s role is perceived mainly as positive and to include tasks that are related to the firms’ financial area. This study has also shown that smaller limited firms in Sweden do consider audit to be important, which is why they use an auditor even with regard to the current reform that exempts them from this obligation.
E FFECTS OF A CUTE U PPER -B ODY V IBRATION ON S TRENGTH AND P OWER V ARIABLES IN C LIMBERS

Hawke. Effects of acute up- per-body vibration on strength and power variables in climbers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(2):527–531. 2007. —Whole-body vibra- tion training has recently received a lot of attention with reported enhancements of strength and power qualities in ath- letes. This study investigated whether upper-body vibration would be able to augment muscular attributes for climbing per- formance. Twelve healthy active climbers volunteered for the study. All participants underwent 3 treatments—arm cranking (AC), upper-body vibration (UBV), and non-UBV (NUBV)—in a balanced random order, conducted on separate days. Upper-body vibration was generated via a commercialized electric-powered dumbbell with a rotating axis that delivered oscillatory move- ments to the shoulders and arms. The UBV treatment consisted of performing 5 upper-body exercises for a total duration of 5 minutes. The UBV frequency was set at 26 Hz, amplitude 3 mm. For the NUBV treatment, the participants performed the exact exercises and time constraints as UBV; however, the vibration dumbbell was set at 0 Hz and 0 mm amplitude. The third treat- ment consisted of AC, which was performed at 75 k·min (cid:2) 1 for 5 minutes. Pre- and postmuscular performance measures of med- icine ball throw, hand grip strength, and a speciﬁc climbing maneuver were performed after each treatment. There were no sig- niﬁcant treatment differences on medicine ball throw, hand grip strength, and the speciﬁc climbing maneuver. Acute UBV ex- posure did not demonstrate the expected potential neuromuscular enhancements on the climbing performance tests selected for this study.
EFFECT OF TARTRAZINE ORALLY ADMINISTERED ON THE LIPID PROFILE OF ALBINO RATS

In this study the effect of tatrazine on lipid profile of albino rats were evaluated. Thirty (30) rats weighing approximately 0.14kg were used in this study. The rats were divided into five (5) groups of six (6) rats per group. Lipid parameters such as Total Cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were evaluated. Results obtained were analysed using graphpad prism 5.1 with statistical significance observed at P <0.05. When tartrazine treated rats were analysed, group 1 had 0.994± 0.175, 1.745±0.063, 1.203±0.065 and 0.0910±0.067 for TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C. Group 2 had 1.316 ±0.078, 2.791 ±0.895,1.616±0.453 and 0.577±0.583 for TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C respectively. Group 3 had 1.113±0.371, 1.812±0.283, 1.076±0.078 and 0.230±0.225 for TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C respectively. Group 4 had 1.215±0.117, 1.784±0.152, 0.979±0.065 and 0.253±0.198 for TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C respectively while group 5 had 1.269±0.191, 1.900±0.111, 1.092±0.029 and 0.231±0.149. The comparison of group 1 and group 2 revealed that TC and TG was significantly increased (p<0.05) while there was a non-significant decrease and increase in HDL-C and LDL-C respectively (table 4.1). The comparison of group 1 and group 3 showed a significant decrease in HDL-C levels (p<0.05) while TG, TC and LDL-C were non-significantly increased (table 4.2). Comparison of group 1 and group 4 showed a significant increase and decrease in TG and HDL-C respectively (p<0.05). However, non-significant increases were seen in TC and LDL-C levels. Finally, the comparison of group 1 and 5 indicated a significant increase in TG, TC and a significant decrease in HDL-C (p<0.05). Non-significant increase was observed in LDL-C level as well.
MINIREVIEW Polyhydroxyalkanoate Granules Are Complex Subcellular Organelles (Carbonosomes) (cid:1)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) such as poly(3-hydroxybu-tyrate) (PHB) or poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate), are universal prokaryotic storage compounds of carbon and energy. PHAs are accumulated intracellularly in form of inclusion bodies (PHA granules) during times of oversupply with carbon sources (for reviews, see references 2, 54, 64, 76, 86, and 100). PHAs can consist of short-chain-length hydroxyalkanoic acids (PHA SCL ) or medium-chain-length monomers (PHA MCL ), depending on strain and culture conditions. Given a number of more than 150 identiﬁed hydroxyalkanoates as potential constituents (101) the theoretical number of different PHA copolymers is incredibly high. A few PHAs, such as PHB and copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate, and/or 4-hy-droxybutyrate, are produced by industry (Biocycle, Biomer, Biopol, Enmat, Mirel, and Nodax). The PHA metabolism has con-siderably the and many aspects of the biosynthesis, molecular architecture, intracellular mobilization, extracellular degradation, and commercial applications of have been of these studies was the ﬁnding that many polypeptides are speciﬁcally present on the surface of PHA
Effects of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy adapted for patients with cardiovascular disease and depression: a long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial at 6 and 12 months posttreatment

Background Internet-based cognitive behavioural treatment (iCBT) has shown positive short-term effects on depression in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, knowledge regarding long-term effects and factors that may impact the effect of iCBT is lacking. This study therefore sought (i) to evaluate the effect of iCBT on depression in CVD patients at 6- and 12-month follow-ups and (ii) to explore factors that might impact on the effect of iCBT on change in depression at 12-month
Inﬂuence of Fruit Ripening on the Total and Individual Capsaicinoids and Capsiate Content in Naga Jolokia Peppers ( Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

: “Naga Jolokia” ( Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is a hot pepper variety native to India which has received the attention of the global scientiﬁc community due to its high capsaicinoid concentration. The present study evaluated the inﬂuence of fruit ripening on the total and individual capsaicinoids, as well as capsiate content. The aim was to determine the optimal moment to harvest the peppers depending on their pungent properties. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using methanol as the extraction solvent and reverse-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-photodiode array (PDA)) were employed. Capsaicinoids gradually accumulated in the peppers from the moment they started growing until they reached a maximum concentration (7.99 ± 0.11 mg g − 1 of fresh weight (FW)) at 33 days postanthesis (dpa). For this reason, based on its content of pungent compounds, as it is one of the main attributes of this variety, the optimal time for collection would be on day 33. From then on, there was a sharp decrease (96.35% of the total concentration) due to the peroxidase enzymes. The evolution of the principal capsaicinoids in “Naga Jolokia” peppers had a di ﬀ erent behavior with respect to literature reports. After this investigation, these changes in content can be attributed to each pepper genotype. Capsiate content reached it maximum value at 19 dpa (0.27 ± 0.01 mg g − 1 of FW). Then, there was a gradual drop due to the activities of di ﬀ erent peroxidases. Given the important biological activity of capsaicinoids and capsinoids, the information described here allows for determining the ideal time to harvest “Naga Jolokia” peppers.
Targeting Tn 5 Transposase Identiﬁes Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Inhibitors

Human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) integrase is an underutilized drug target for the treatment of HIV infection. One limiting factor is the lack of costructural data for use in the rational design or modiﬁcation of integrase inhibitors. Tn 5 transposase is a structurally well characterized, related protein that may serve as a useful surrogate. However, little data exist on inhibitor cross-reactivity. Here we screened 16,000 compounds using Tn 5 transposase as the target and identiﬁed 20 compounds that appear to speciﬁcally inhibit complex assembly. Six were found to also inhibit HIV-1 integrase. These compounds likely interact with a highly conserved region presumably within the catalytic core. Most promising, several cinnamoyl derivatives were found to inhibit HIV transduction in cells. The identiﬁcation of integrase inhibitors from a screen using Tn 5 transposase as the target illustrates the utility of Tn 5 as a surrogate for HIV-1 integration even though the relationship between the two systems is limited to the active site architecture and catalytic cells. The compounds were also measured in parallel for their effects on general cell viability and for their effects on expression of luciferase encoded from proviral DNA in chronically infected cells, as described in Materials and Methods. The results demonstrated that compounds 10, 10-B, and 10-F have no signiﬁcant inhibitory effect on either reverse transcription (or any earlier step in the viral life cycle), cell viability, or luciferase expression. Reactions were performed in triplicate using 75 (cid:2) M concentrations of each inhibitor.
IAS 39 reclassification choice and analyst earnings forecast properties

In October 2008, the International Accounting Standards Board amended IAS 39 to allow banks to retroactively reclassify financial assets that previously were measured at fair value to amortized cost. By reclassifying financial assets, a bank can potentially avoid recognizing the unrealized fair value losses and thereby increase its income and regulatory capital during a market downturn. We examine the implications of the reclassification decision by banks for the properties of financial analyst earnings forecasts during 2008-2009, when economic conditions were highly volatile. We find that the reclassification choice during the financial crisis reduced analyst forecast accuracy and increased forecast dispersion. We also find that the observed decline in analyst forecasting ability is limited to the year of adoption when the economic environment was highly volatile.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Atypical Squamous Cervical Cytology: the Invader HPV Test as a New Screening Assay (cid:1)

In surveillance for cervical neoplasia, a diagnosis of cytologically atypical squamous cells of undetermined signiﬁcance (ASCUS) presents a signiﬁcant clinical issue, often dependent on testing for high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) for the triage of patients. HPV type 16 now appears to be a critical concern in the follow-up of patients with ASCUS. The Invader HPV (Inv2) test, by Third Wave Technologies, Inc., is a recently developed analyte-speciﬁc reagent assay that uses probe sets for the detection of 14 HR HPV subtypes. These probe sets are A5/A6 (HPV types 51, 56, and 66), A7 (HPV types 18, 39, 45, 59, and 68), and A9 (HPV types 16, 31, 33, 35, 52, and 58). This report describes the performance characteristics of the Inv2 test in the screening of ASCUS cervical cytology specimens and correlates the results of the Inv2 test with those of the Hybrid Capture II HPV (HC2) test by Digene. The linear array HPV genotyping test (Roche Molecular Systems) was used as a reference method for the testing of samples with discordant results. Ninety-four Pap smear samples with a cytological diagnosis of ASCUS and 39 samples with a negative diagnosis were tested. The results of the Inv2 test demonstrated a good (86.6%) concordance with those of the HC2 test, with an overall sensitivity and speciﬁcity of 96% for the Inv2 test. Additionally, the Inv2 assay, which offers high- throughput, semiautomated DNA extraction, allows the subgrouping of HPV types by differential probe sets, could provide a useful test for screening for HPV, and has the potential to provide an improved means of risk stratiﬁcation and the selection of patients for further HPV subtyping.
Social support predicts survival in dialysis patients Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD) Study

Background. Social support is a consistent predictor of survival, as evidenced in empirical studies in patients with cancer or cardiovascular disease. In the area of renal diseases, this topic has not yet been studied extensively. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between social support and survival for patients on dialysis. Methods. Between December 1998 and January 2002, 528 incident haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients from multiple centres in The Netherlands were consecutively recruited as part of the NECOSAD-2 study. Patients completed the Social Support List (SSL) at 3 months after the start of dialysis. The SSL measured two aspects of social support: interaction and discrepancy. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate all-cause mortality risk from baseline till censor date on 1 January 2005. Results. Perceiving a discrepancy between expected and received social support was associated with increased mortality: social companionship (RR adj : 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00–1.13), daily emotional support (RR adj : 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02–1.18), and total support (RR adj : 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04). This association was similar for PD and HD patients. Social support (interaction) was not associated with survival, neither in the whole sample nor when stratified by therapy modality. Conclusions. These results point to the importance of psychosocial risk factors for mortality in patients on dialysis. More efforts are needed to improve support for these patients.
Chronic Air Pollution Exposure and Endothelial Dysfunction Can Harm You*

Fine particulate matter air pollution 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5), a pervasive and often “invisible” component of odern-day atmospheres, has been linked to numerous dverse outcomes, including increased cardiovascular (CV) orbidity and mortality. Indeed, an American Heart Assoiation scientific statement recently concluded that the verall evidence is consistent with PM2.5 being causally elated to CV diseases (1). There remains little doubt that igher ambient PM2.5 levels over a few days can promote acute CV events (1,2). Although the short-term risks for a single individual are small, due to the vast number of individuals affected worldwide, the public health burden of air pollution is enormous. It has been estimated that up to 4.8% of acute myocardial infarctions are potentially attributable to recent exposures (2). Although alarming, these figures (limited to the acute impact of pollution) in actuality represent an underestimation of the totality of PM2.5related CV health effects.
Predictors of work engagement: mood and energy as essential determinants of healthy engagement with work

Burnout, work engagement, and depression have been shown associated in literature. Most common studied models of job demands have found several predictors of mental and physical health in a work environment. However, these studies have overlooked the predictors of work engagement which is a positive state of work style. This study aimed to examine the predictors of work engagement. Based on previous literature, it was hypothesized that mood and energy at workplaces would predict work engagement. The sample consisted of 120 young employees, with 60 males and 60 females in the age range of 23-35 years from private organizations. They filled three questionnaires – Maslach Burnout Inventory, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and Beck’s Depression Inventory. It was found that depression was negatively associated with burnout and work engagement dimensions. Factors of burnout and work engagement were negatively associated. No gender differences were found for any of the variables. Professional efficacy predicted all domains of work engagement, while depression and cynicism predicted vigor only. Emotional exhaustion predicted dedication and absorption, but not vigor. It was concluded that negative mood is a predictor of only one dimension of work engagement. Energy factor of exhaustion is a strong determinant while the strongest predictor is professional efficacy which has a positive impact on work engagement.
Fuzzy Logic System for Diagnosing Coronary Heart Disease

The diagnosis of coronary heart disease is a non-trivial task that requires a careful and time-consuming examination. Hence, the application of a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system to assess the condition of a person of having coronary heart disease is greatly beneficial. Although the usage of CADs related to coronary heart disease diagnosis is widely implemented, the inputs medical data required is still a significant challenge to encourage rapid diagnosis among public. This paper presents a fuzzy logic system for diagnosing coronary heart disease. In this study, the fuzzy logic based CAD system has been developed with five input variables that requires minimal medical procedure to obtain to determine the presence of coronary heart disease. Experiments to assess the accuracy of the system and comparison with a previous work of rough-fuzzy classifier were carried out using an open source coronary heart disease dataset. The results show that the proposed work is able to achieve significant accuracy of 72.6%, an improvement of 30% from the previous work.