Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy-Efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning Assisted Resource Allocation for 5G-RAN Slicing

One of the pillars of the 5G architecture is network slicing, in which hardware, radio, and power resources are virtualized as a logical network taking into account the requirements of diverse applications. While ensuring performance isolation among different slices, resource allocation in 5G Radio Access Networks (RANs) is associated with different challenges due to network dynamics and the different applications’ requirements. In this paper, we have considered the allocation of power and radio resources to rate-based as well as resource-based users. We propose an energy-efficient deep reinforcement learning-assisted resource allocation (EE-DRL-RA) method for RAN slicing in 5G networks. The main idea of the proposed method is to exploit a collaborative learning framework that includes deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and deep learning (DL) to decide on resource allocation in the RAN. Specifically, we use DL for decision-making on resource allocation on a large time-scale and DRL for decision-making on resource allocation on a small time-scale. The asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) and the stacked and bidirectional long-short-term-memory (SBiLSTM) network are used as DRL and supervised DL methods, respectively. Furthermore, we determine the optimal power and resource blocks (RBs) for rate-based users by formulating the energy-efficient power allocation (EE-PA) problem as a non-convex optimization problem and solve it by an efficient iterative algorithm. Our proposed approach is unique in that it simultaneously allocates power and RBs while ensuring slice isolation with low computational and time complexity. Simulation results show that EE-DRL-RA yields better performance compared to a state-of-the-art published method in terms of convergence speed, computational complexity, energy efficiency, and the number of accepted users as well as the degree of inter-slice isolation.
Effects of Different Record Selection Methods on the Transverse Seismic Response of a Bridge in South Western British Columbia

The seismic response of a continuous 4-span bridge designed according to the current Canadian seismic provisions is investigated using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). Different earthquake types, including shallow crustal events, interface Cascadia subduction, and deep inslab subduction are considered. The median collapse capacities calculated using different record selection methods including Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS)-based, Uniform Hazard Spectrum (UHS)-based, and epsilon-based methods are compared. The use of the epsilon-based method generally resulted in the highest collapse capacity predictions, but the CMS-based method was less sensitive to the number of records considered in the IDA.
Controls on Alkenone Carbon Isotope Fractionation in the Modern Ocean

Carbon isotope records from alkenone biomarkers (εp37:2) produced by haptophyte algae are frequently used for atmospheric CO2 paleobarometry, but this method has yielded inconsistent results during periods where CO2 variations are known independently. Recent syntheses of algal cultures have quantitatively demonstrated that εp37:2 indeed records CO2 information: εp37:2 increases as aqueous CO2 concentrations increase relative to carbon demand. However, interpretations of εp37:2 are complicated by irradiance, where higher irradiance yields higher εp37:2. Here we examine the roles of physiology and environment in setting εp37:2 in the ocean. We compile water‐column and sediment core‐top εp37:2 data and add new core‐top measurements, including estimates of cell sizes and growth rates of the alkenone‐producing population. In support of culture studies, we find irradiance to be a key control on εp37:2 in the modern ocean. We test a culture‐derived model of εp37:2 and find that the quantitative relationships calibrated in culture experiments can be used to predict εp37:2 in sediment samples. In water‐column samples, the model substantially overestimates εp37:2, largely resulting from higher irradiance at the depth of sample collection than the integrated light conditions under which the sampled biomass was produced and vertically mixed to the collection depth. We argue that the theory underpinning the conventional diffusive alkenone carbon isotope fractionation model, including the “b” parameter, is not supported by field data and should not be used to reconstruct past CO2 changes. Future estimates of CO2 from εp37:2 should use empirical or mechanistic models to quantitatively account for irradiance and cell size variations.
Integrating Horticulture Into the Vocational Rehabilitation Process of Individuals With Exhaustion Syndrome (Burnout): A Pilot Study

Abstract This pilot study was intended to examine and to document whether the use of the garden environment and the activities that make up horticulture could be considered a possible method to be used in the vocational rehabilitation of persons sick-listed due to high levels of stress. The study is based on a theoretical (four-step) model using horticulture and the garden environment to provide the foundation of vocational rehabilitation for individuals with prolonged fatigue, chronic fatigue and burnout. The general interpretation is that the results are positive and promising but that further research is needed and should be pursued to examine what causal relationship(s) exist between the garden environment and the reduction of arousal levels; the effectiveness of pursuing this VR process for persons sick listed for stress-related complaints.
Statistical Analysis of Determinants of Institutional Delivery Service among Reproductive Age Women in Ethiopia

Health care services during pregnancy and during delivery are important for the survival and wellbeing of both the mother and the infant so that increasing institutional deliveries is a basic concern for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. This article was focused on assessing the trend of institutional delivery service and identifying associated factors using basic statistical tools. The analysis was based on the hypothetical data of 5753 women in reproductive age carefully managed from Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) 2019. The trend of institutional delivery revealed a sharp increase from 26% in 2016 to 49.92% in 2019 based on DHS data of the respective years. The study identified variables such as region, place of residence, education level, sex of household head, wealth index, number of living children and antenatal care as highly significant determinants of institutional delivery service in Ethiopia. Institutional delivery service increases with better access to education, living in urban, being in better off wealth category, and following antenatal care visit. The study recommended that there should be well equipped health facilities for pregnant women at each stage.
On a universal parameter of intrinsic oxide breakdown based on analysis of trap-generation characteristics

It is found, even at room temperature, that hole fluence to breakdown Q/sub p/ of wet oxides is not a constant value for different oxide fields, but has a strong stress-electric-field dependence. Based on the neutral trap-generation characteristics related to SILC, this oxide-breakdown behavior dependent on the stress-electric field is analyzed. A novel model is proposed in which oxide breakdown is triggered when the current level of steady-state SILC via electron tunneling between traps reaches a critical value. From the spatial distribution of traps, we have concentrated on the critical trap pair whose electron-tunneling probability has the smallest value in the middle of the SiO/sub 2/ films. To verify this model, the convoluted trap density which is related to the electron-tunneling probability between the critical trap pair is investigated. As a result, it is found that this convoluted trap density remains constant regardless of stress-electric field and oxide thickness. This means that this convoluted trap density is a universal parameter for oxide breakdown.
A high performance 0.1 /spl mu/m MOSFET with asymmetric channel profile

This paper describes nonequilibrium transport phenomenon, practical fabrication process, and potential design of an asymmetric 0.1 /spl mu/m n-MOSFET for the first time. The self-consistent Monte Carlo device simulation coupled with a process simulator reveals the carrier velocity overshoot at the source side of the channel. It is found that the 0.1 /spl mu/m MOSFET with asymmetric channel profile realizes high device performance due to the high carrier velocity.
Strongly eddying ocean simulations required to resolve Eocene model-data mismatch

Model simulations of past climates are increasingly found to compare well with proxy data at a global scale, but regional discrepancies remain. A persistent issue in modeling past greenhouse climates has been the temperature diﬀerence between equatorial and (sub-)polar regions, which is typically much larger in simulations than proxy data suggest. Particularly in the Eocene, multiple temperature proxies suggest extreme warmth in the southwest Paciﬁc Ocean, where model simulations consistently suggest temperate conditions. Here we present new global ocean model simulations at 0.1 ° horizontal resolution for the middle-late Eocene. The eddies in the high-resolution model aﬀect poleward heat transport and local time-mean ﬂow in critical regions compared to the non-eddying ﬂow in the standard low-resolution simulations. As a result, the high-resolution simulations produce higher surface temperatures near Antarctica and lower surface temperatures near the equator compared to the low-resolution simulations, leading to better correspondence with proxy reconstructions. Crucially, the high-resolution simulations are also much more consistent with biogeographic patterns in endemic-Antarctic and low-latitude-derived plankton, and thus resolve the long-standing discrepancy of warm subpolar ocean temperatures and isolating polar gyre circulation. The results imply that strongly eddying model simulations are required to reconcile discrepancies between regional proxy data and models, and demonstrate the importance of accurate regional paleobathymetry for proxy-model comparisons.
‘We're happy as we are’: the experience of living with possible undiagnosed dementia

Abstract It is estimated that a third of people in the United Kingdom with signs of dementia are living without a formal diagnosis. In Wales, the proportion is nearly half. Some explanations for the gap between prevalence of dementia and number of diagnoses include living with a long-term partner/spouse and systemic barriers to diagnosis. This study recruited participants from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies-Wales (CFAS-Wales) cohort, randomly selected from people aged over 65 living in two areas of Wales, who met study criteria for a diagnosis of dementia and did not have a record of a formal diagnosis in general practice records. We aimed to understand more about the contexts and circumstances of people who live with and cope with cognitive difficulties without having a formal diagnosis of dementia. We conducted qualitative interviews with six participants and their spouses, and additionally with four family members of three invited people who were unable to take part. Themes were generated using thematic analysis. We present the argument that there is an adaptive response to low service levels and a complex interaction between the expectations of levels of service, perceptions of the legitimacy of cognitive problems and the right to make demands on services. This paper concludes that more could be done to address barriers to diagnosis and treatment services for those living with symptoms of dementia, but that the value placed on diagnosis by some individuals might be lower than anticipated by government policy.
Analyzing the Effect of Social Media Use, Perceived Value, Brand Trust and Electronic Word of Mouth on Brand Equity: The Mediating Role of Brand Image: An Applied Study on Egyptian Banking Sector

The main objective of this study is to investigate factors affecting brand equity in the Egyptian banking sector. To achieve this objective, a structured questionnaire with close-ended questions is used. A two-stage sampling technique is used. First a simple random sample is used to select the banks working in Egyptian banking sector. Second a judgmental or purposive sample of different bank customers was withdrawal. In total, 400 questionnaires were distributed, 390 were used. Various statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, Cronbach Alpha, KMO, Person correlation coefficient analysis, simple and multiple regression, factor analysis was used for data analytics. The results indicated that social media use, perceived value, and brand trust have a significant positive effect on brand image in the Egyptian banking sector. e-WOM didn’t has a significant influence on brand image and brand equity. Neither social media use nor e-WOM has a significant positive effect on brand equity. Brand trust and brand image have a significant influence on brand equity. Brand image mediate the relationship between social media use, brand trust, e-WOM and brand equity. This study proposed, that marketers should improve perceived value, e-WOM, social media use and brand trust in the Egyptian banking industry and they have to develop new strategies to update their current programs to reinforce both image and equity to their brand and products/services. The main contribution of this paper lies in achieving a more 1 Received in 6 March 2021, accepted in 6 July 2021. Journal of Alexandria University for Administrative Sciences© Vol. 58, No. 5, September 2021 Analyzing the Effect of Social Media Use, Percevied Value, Brand Trust and Electronic Word of Mouth on Brand Equity [2] profound understanding of the variables affecting brand equity in Egyptian banking sector, these variables include social media use, perceived value, brand trust, electronic word of mouth, and brand image.
The fault detection and diagnosis in rolling element bearings using frequency band entropy

In vibration analysis, fault feature extraction from strong background noises is of great importance. Frequency band entropy based on short-time Fourier transform illustrates the complexity of every frequency component in the frequency domain, and it can be used to detect the periodical components hidden in the signal. This article shows how the frequency band entropy offers a robust way in detecting faults even when the signal is under strong masking noises. Furthermore, frequency band entropy provides a way of blindly designing optimal band-pass filters. The filtering signal combined with envelope analysis is helpful in fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on both simulated and actual data from rolling bearings.
Wideband substrate integrated printed log-periodic dipole array antenna

This study presents a novel approach for designing broadband single layer printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The PLPDA antenna has the merits of wide bandwidth, low profile and light weight, which should be fed by the balanced line. The balanced line, created by the geometric features of the SIW, provides a balun with a considerably wide bandwidth with low profile, broad dominant mode bandwidth, low insertion loss and so on. Prototype of the proposed substrate integrated printed log-periodic dipole array (SIPLPDA) antenna and 1×4 antenna array at Ka band are designed and fabricated; the measured data are in good agreement with the simulated results.
The Distribution of Load in Screw Threads

The distribution of load along the length of a nut is not uniform owing to the strains set up in the bolt and nut under load. These strains are analysed and the load distribution along the thread helix deduced. It is shown that the load may be taken as concentrated at mid-depth of the threads. In the normal bolt and nut case the maximum intensity of loading occurs at the bearing face of the nut, and may be from two to four or more times the mean, depending on the thread form, the proportions of the members, and the degree of lubrication; the maximum intensity is almost independent of the length of nut (unless yielding occurs). Possible methods of improving the load distribution are discussed—differential pitch, tapered threads, and the use of a softer material for the nut. The load distribution in the turnbuckle case is more favourable than in the bolt and nut case, and can theoretically be made uniform by suitably boring out the inner and shaping the outer member; this condition can be approached in prac.
The Influence of Injection Rate Shaping on Diesel Fuel Sprays—An Experimental Study

A current strategy in the development of direct injection (DI) diesel engine combustion systems is the control and limitation of the initial ‘premixed’ combustion heat release ensuing from the auto-ignition of the injected fuel. This requires control of the amount of fuel vaporization and mixing taking place during the ignition delay time. Since the latter is determined by the fuel composition and the in-cylinder gas temperature, development efforts have focused on the injection of well-controlled, portioned fuel quantities prior to the ignition as a means of achieving the desired goal. This practice is becoming known as ‘fuel rate shaping’. Consequently, the fuel spray penetration during this period, fuel evaporation and mixture preparation, as well as the influence of in-cylinder air motion on mixture distribution, are main subjects of interest in affording insight into fuel rate shaping attempts. These have been addressed through a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the spray characteristics associated with different injection practices. The experimental investigations have been performed in an optically accessed spray research engine. Basic aspects of fuel spray tip penetration, time and location of auto-ignition and flame propagation have been recorded with a high-speed line-scan camera. The results provide the space and time-scale characteristics for the propagation, ignition and combustion of a selection of diesel fuel sprays. Investigations have been carried out for a conventional fuel injection system equipped with a set of different single-hole injector nozzles, as well as for a dual-spring injector and an injector with a split injection device. The experimental results provide an insight into the propagation of the fuel spray front, yield qualitative information about its spatial and temporal distribution, and, in the case of split injection, show the interaction of the initial pilot fuel portion with the main injection.
Technology and system issues for the WDM-based fiber loop architecture

A fiber-optic subscriber loop architecture employing multichannel wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) techniques is discussed. The architecture, which is called the passive photonic loop (PPL), eliminates the need for outside-plant multiplexing and routing electronics while maintaining complete compatibility with broadband ISDN. An experimental demonstration of the PPL employing 32-channel WDM and a combination of distributed-feedback (DFB) laser and light emitting diode (LED) transmitters is described. A family of alternative PPL implementations is identified. Tradeoffs between these alternatives are explored, and related hardware issues such as wavelength alignment and WDM-component temperature sensitivity are discussed. An economic analysis comparing the PPL with the use of dedicated fiber between the central office and customer premises is presented. The analysis predicts that the PPL can achieve a cost advantage for at least 80 to 90% of the subscribers served in today's network, given DFB-laser and dense-WDM-component cost reductions of approximately one order of magnitude from today's unit-quantity prices. >
Postnatal Development of Centrifugal Inputs to the Olfactory Bulb

Processing in primary sensory areas is influenced by centrifugal inputs from higher brain areas, providing information about behavioral state, attention, or context. Activity in the olfactory bulb, the first central processing stage of olfactory information, is dynamically modulated by direct projections from a variety of areas in adult mice. Despite the early onset of olfactory sensation compared to other senses, the development of centrifugal inputs to the olfactory bulb remains largely unknown. Using retrograde tracing across development, we show that centrifugal projections to the olfactory bulb are established during the postnatal period in an area-specific manner. While feedback projections from the piriform cortex are already present shortly after birth, they strongly increase in number during postnatal development with an anterior-posterior gradient. Contralateral projections from the anterior olfactory nucleus are present at birth but only appeared postnatally for the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. Numbers of olfactory bulb projecting neurons from the lateral entorhinal cortex, ventral hippocampus, and cortical amygdala show a sudden increase at the beginning of the second postnatal week and a delayed development compared to more anterior areas. These anatomical data suggest that limited top-down influence on odor processing in the olfactory bulb may be present at birth, but strongly increases during postnatal development and is only fully established later in life.
ANALYSIS OF PAVEMENT SERVICEABILITY FOR THE AASHTO DESIGN METHOD: THE CHILEAN CASE

اهمدقت يتلا ةمدخلا ةءافآ ثحبلا اذه يف سردن ،يلي شت يف عراوشلا ةفصرأ د متعي ةرورضلاب اذ هو ىلع آ ماق نيذلا ةاشملا ءار و ددع رابتخاب ا نم لأا ةفصر . رييا عم ريوطتب ةيصخشلا ةيحانلا دييحت انلواح دقو ةصاخ ب كلذ . ةعست مييقتلا ةيلمع يف كراش أ ع رابتخلا دارف د ة صئاصخ ) أ ةنوشخلا ةجرد ا همه ( مادختساب أ د قو ،ةصاخ تاود أ ى لع تارا بتخلاا ت يرج 30 ن م ا عطقم أ را قلا ةفصر ) Asphalt ( لإاو و تنم س 25 اعطقم نم لإا ةفصرأ و يدنلاتروبلا تنمس 11 اعطقم نم أ را قلا نم ةقبطب ةاطغم ةفصر . و أ جئا تنلا ترهظ أ ا د نع ة قيقد ت ناآ ة مدخلا ةءا فآ تا عقوت ن ةنو شخلا تارا بتخا ى لع دا متعلا . جئا تنلا اذ ه ة نراقم د نعو ي ةمدقتملا لودلا يف اهتاريظنب يليشتلا ربتع و ن أ لامحت رثآ ا عفترم ةدا يقلا ة يعونل مهمي يقت نا آ ثيح ا مآ ، أ ن ا هل سي ل ةرها ظلا تاصغنملا أ مي يقتلا ة يلمع ي ف ر ث . ا نمق د قو عملا ني ب ةيب سن لواد ج ريو طتب ي ا يلا علا ر شخلل ةنو ) IRI ( م يه امآ ةمدخلا ةءافآو ع ر ل بق نم ة ف ) AASHTO . ( يف لوادجلا هذ ه مادختسا نكميو ميمصتلا ة يلمع . ر هظ ا مآ لأا ة لاح نأ تناآ ة يفيرلا قطا نملا ي ف ةفصر 5.9 و 8.1 را قلا يتلا ح ي ف IRI لإاو تنمس IRI بيترتلا ىلع .