Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of habitat selection and an abundance estimate for the endangered Key Largo Woodrat

The Key Largo woodrat (KLWR; Neotoma floridana smalli) is a federally endangered species endemic to Key Largo, Florida. Since its listing in 1984, the population has continued to decline, presumably in response to reduced habitat quality, and appears to be absent from approximately 80% of the remaining forested uplands of Key Largo. Factors restricting the distribution of KLWR are not fully understood, making development of management actions needed to recover the population difficult. The goal of this study was to evaluate habitat selection at the macro-scale to identify variables restricting the presence of KLWR throughout its available range. We formulated 3 hypotheses on mechanisms restricting the distribution of KLWR: 1) availability of quality nest habitat 2) increased abundances of mammalian predators 3) decreased quality of foraging habitat. We developed multiple, a priori models to examine the effects of variables related to each hypothesis on KLWR habitat selection. We surveyed 40, 0.56 ha sampling units with live-traps for the presence of KLWR in the summer, fall, and winter of 2005. We measured habitat variables associated with each unit and analyzed data using logistic regression in an information-theoretic framework. We estimated occupancy of KLWR to be 22.8% (SE = 6.7). Models hypothesizing KLWR was restricted by the availability of nest sites and high predator abundances were supported by the data. The abundance of natural (large overstory trees) and artificial (rock and debris piles) nest substrate were the most important predictor variables, followed by indices of feral cat and raccoon abundance. We used multimodel inference to develop a resource selection probability function (RSPF), which predicted KLWR were more likely to occur in areas with large overstory trees, higher densities of debris piles, and lower abundances of mammalian predators. The RSPF can be used to identify priority areas requiring habitat improvement to assist in the recovery of the population. The continued
Nerves and mechanoreceptors : the role of innervation in the development and maintenance of mammalian mechanoreceptors

Preface. Introduction. Primary sensory neurons. General characteristics. Development of primary sensory neurons. Nerve regeneration in immature animals. Nerve regeneration in mature animals. Summary. Muscle spindles. Development. The reaction of developing spindles to denervation and disuse. Elimination, reinnervation and neoformation of muscle spindles after neonatal nerve crush. Distribution. Structure of adult muscle spindles. Morphofunctional correlations. Denervation of adult muscle spindles. Reinnervation and recovery of muscle spindles after nerve injury. Regeneration of muscle spindles. Summary. Tendon organs. Development. The effect of denervation and disuse on developing tendon organs. Structure of mature tendon organs. Relation of structure to function. Distribution. Reinnervation of mature tendon organs. Summary. Pacinian corpuscles. Development. Distribution. The effect of denervation upon developing Pacinian corpuscles. Regeneration and reinnervation of Pacinian corpuscles after nerve lesions during development and growth. Structure of mature Pacinian corpuscles. Relation of structure to function. Survival of denervated corpuscles in adult animals. Reinnervation of Pacinian corpuscles in adult animals. Regeneration and neoformation of Pacinian corpuscles in adult animals. Nerve cross-unions. Summary. Merkel cell receptors. Development. Mature Merkel cells and receptors. Function of Merkel cell receptors. The effect of denervation. Reinnervation of Merkel cell receptors. Summary. Meissner and Meissner-like lamellar corpuscles. Development. Denervation and reinnervation of developing corpuscles. Structure of mature corpuscles. Function. The effect of denervation on mature Meissner corpuscles. Reinnervation of Meissnerian corpuscles in the adults. Regeneration. Transplantation and cross-innervation. Summary. Mechanoreceptor complexes associated with hair. Development of vibrissal follicles is it related to sensory innervation? Development of sensory receptors associated with hair. The effect of denervation on developing sensory receptors associated with hairs. Structure and function of mature sensory receptors at hairs. Hair types and associated sensory receptors. Denervation and reinnervation of hair. Summary. Concluding remarks. Special features of mechanoreceptor morphogenesis. Recognition by sensory growth cones of competent target cells. Induction of mechanoreceptors by primary sensory neurons. Critical periods of development and cell death. Maintenance of structural integrity. Specificity of neuronal influence. The effect of the periphery on primary sensory neurons and somatotopic brain maps. Summary. References. Index.
A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Enhanced with Nonlinear Inertial Weight and Gaussian Mutation for Job Shop Scheduling Problems

Job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) has high theoretical and practical significance in academia and manufacturing respectively. Therefore, scholars in many different fields have been attracted to study this problem, and many meta-heuristic algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. As a meta-heuristic algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been used to optimize many practical problems in industrial manufacturing. This paper proposes a hybrid PSO enhanced with nonlinear inertia weight and and Gaussian mutation (NGPSO) to solve JSSP. Nonlinear inertia weight improves local search capabilities of PSO, while Gaussian mutation strategy improves the global search ability of NGPSO, which is beneficial to the population to maintain diversity and reduce probability of the algorithm falling into the local optimal solution. The proposed NGPSO algorithm is implemented to solve 62 benchmark instances of JSSP, and the experimental results are compared with other algorithms. The results obtained by analyzing the experimental data show that the algorithm is better than other comparison algorithms in solving JSSP.
Diversity of Epiphytic Orchids, Hoya, Dischidia and Phorophytes (Host Trees) in Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Reserve, East Java, Indonesia

Bawean Island is a small island located between two islands (Java and Borneo). Geographically, the diversity of plants, especially epiphytic plants on this island is very interesting to be studied. This research aims to investigate the diversity of epiphytic plants, focussing on epiphytic orchids, Hoya and Dischidia in Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Reserve. It was conducted through an inventory of epiphytic orchids and hoya growing on host trees. The results showed there were 10 species of epiphytic orchid and 3 species of epiphytic Hoya, and 1 species of Dischidia growing on-location studies. The epiphytic orchids which found in location studies included Phalaenopsis amabilis, Aerides odorata, Cymbidium aloifolium, Dendrobium anosmum, Rhynchostylis retusa, Liparis condylobulbon, Taeniophyllum biocellatum, Cymbidium sp. , Eria sp. Orchid species that most often found in the study location was Phalaenopsis amabilis . In addition, this study recorded Taeniophyllum biocellatum as an endemic orchid from Java that was found on this island. The epiphytic Hoya recorded in there, i.e. Hoya diversifolia, H. verticillata, and H. amoena , and also only found 1 species of Dischidia was Dischidia imbricata . There were 12 species of trees as the host trees of epiphytic, i.e. Irvingia malayana, Tectona grandis, Diospyros buxyfolius were the host trees frequently found as the host of the epiphytic plant. Zone 3 as an area of 1/3 basal part of a total length of the branches was the most preferred zone by epiphytic orchids and hoya. The epiphytic orchid and hoya hardly found in Zone 5.
ADVANCEMENT REPORT ON POPULATION GENETIC STUDY OF BROWN HARE POPULATIONS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN REGION

The brown hare is present all over Europe from Spain to Asia Minor and is an important game species which makes it a reasonable subject for population genetic investigations. The purpose of our study is to gather data on the genetic diversity of Central and Eastern European brown hare populations with the aim of revealing the genetic history of the species in the studied region, from which data are scarce despite the fact that the species is well-studied on the whole continent. In our research mtDNA cytb and D-loop regions along with the MC1R and ASIP genes are studied. Samples from Hungary (n=14) and Serbia (n=36) have already been sequenced and analysed for the D-loop region. Based on a 411 bp mtDNA D-loop alignment we have found a high level of haplotype diversity (Hd=0.958) with an overall 30 haplotypes, and the nucleotide diversity of π= 0.0167. Our first results show high genetic diversity for the brown hare in the studied region and indicate genetic distinction among the studied populations although these results need confirmation by further studies.
Citizen science and habitat modelling facilitates conservation planning for crabeater seals in the Weddell Sea

Creating a network of marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean requires extensive knowledge on species’ abundances, distributions and population trends especially in the Weddell Sea where year‐round pack ice makes most of the Weddell Sea inaccessible. We combine satellite images and citizen science to model habitat suitability for crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga) throughout the Weddell Sea.
Elevation-dependent endopolyploid response suggests that plants with holocentric chromosomes are less stressed by UV-B

Previous studies suggested that holocentric chromosomes may confer a selective advantage under high ionizing or UV-B radiation due to their tolerance of fragmentation, and that the first plant and animal colonizers of land in the Palaeozoic were or may have been holocentric. Holocentric chromosomes could have, therefore, aided terrestrialization of Earth’s biota half a billion years ago, because leaving water meant facing a sharp increase of UV-B. Because we cannot go back in time, the hypothesis needs to be tested with present-day species using an indicator of UV-B stress. We took advantage of the fact that UV-B intensity increases with elevation and tested whether holocentric plants (six species of Cyperaceae and Juncaceae) are less stressed with increasing elevation than monocentric plants (six species of Poaceae). Phylogenetically corrected regression showed that the proxy for UV-B stress (endopolyploidy index from 671 samples measured by flow cytometry) increased with elevation in holocentric and monocentric species, but the increase was more rapid in monocentric species. Although half a billion year elapsed since terrestrialization, holocentric Cyperaceae and Juncaceae still appear less stressed by UV-B than monocentric Poaceae, despite the other counter UV-B adaptations they both have evolved (graminoid morphology, silica bodies).
Pharmacokinetics and Disposition of Green Tea Catechins

Green tea reportedly possesses many health beneficial effects as a beverage. Its usage has even been elevated to therapeutic level for treatment of diseases, including cancer, after increasing the catechin constituents in green tea extract or through purified catechins compounds. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of green tea extract or catechin for-mulae on different diseases is still questionable and inconsistent in reported studies. One reason is the low and variable bioavailability of catechins or unknown constituents in green tea extract. The plasma levels of total catechins are usually at submicromolar level which is well below the effective dose in many in vitro studies. Besides their variable chemical structures that cause heterogeneity of absorption, green tea catechins are subject to extensive metabolism by phase II process and catabolism by colonic microbes that result in complicated pharmacokinetics. It is essential to understand the factors affecting the pharmacokinetics and metabolic profiles in plasma and tissues based on animal and human studies before green tea catechins can be applied for therapeutic use. administration. However, plasma concentrations of EC, EGC, and EGCG were increased on increasing dosage after intraduodenal administration. It demonstrated the high metabolism efficiency of ruminal microorganisms under intraruminal administration.
Introduction to the special issue: Elections, rhetoric and American foreign policy in the age of Donald Trump

This introduction presents the special issue’s conceptual and empirical starting points and situates the special issue’s intended contributions. It does so by reviewing extant scholarship on electoral rhetoric and foreign policy and by teasing out several possible linkages between elections, rhetoric and foreign policy. It also discusses how each contribution to the special issue seeks to illuminate causal mechanisms at work in these linkages. Finally, it posits that these linkages are crucial to examining the changes brought about by Trump’s election and his foreign policy rhetoric.
Naturally occurring requests in Turkish: A case from an academic context

In terms of their directness and modification strategies, this study investigated how undergraduate speakers of Turkish formulate their naturally occurring requests in an academic context, in which they request things from an academic in his office. After a 4-year data collection period, the researcher analyzed 395 of the requests (hand-recorded as immediate field notes) made to him. The findings on levels of directness revealed that the strongest tendency is towards conventionally indirect strategies, while the female tendency towards them is even clearer. The dominance of conventional indirectness is in parallel also with the degree of imposition of the requests. ‘Zero marking’ is what dominates the findings on internal modification strategies, while some preferences, such as unfinished sentences, could suggest language or context-specific results. In light of these descriptive findings on a part of everyday language in academia, the study could in practical terms help learners and teachers of Turkish and Turkish learners/teachers of English or any other language as well. Moreover, it could contribute to the efforts towards handling the methodological concerns in pragmatics research about the extent to which elicited data can represent what people actually say in natural conversation.
Second Look Ultrasonography-Guided Breast Biopsy with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Confirmation by Intralesional Contrast Injection.

Objective This study aimed to introduce an alternative pre-biopsy confirmation technique that combines sonography-guided intra-lesional contrast injections and single non-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence in order to identify sonographic correlates of incidentally detected breast MRI lesions which were occult on primary ultrasonography (USG) and mammography examination. Materials and Methods From May 2014 through May 2015, a total of 37 incidental breast lesions of 37 patients, which were detected by breast MRI, were evaluated with targeted second look ultrasound (SLUS). The suspected lesion on USG was marked with a gadolinium-based contrast agent under USG guidance. After a single non-enhanced T1 weighted control MR sequence, positively correlated lesions with initial MRI were sampled by USG guided core biopsy. Results Of the 37 lesions evaluated, 32 (86%) lesions showed a correlation between MRI and SLUS findings. On SLUS core biopsy, there were eight (25%) malignant and 11 (34.4%) high-risk lesions among these 32 cases with correlated MRI findings; while the remaining 13 (40.6%) cases had benign histopathology. Eleven (34.4%) of the SLUS-discovered lesions were focus, 11 (34.4%) were non-mass enhancements, and the remaining 10 (31.2%) were mass lesions. Of the five lesions (13.5%) that showed no correlations on MRI and SLUS examinations, four were non-mass enhancements and one was focus. Conclusion SLUS represents a method for identifying MRI-detected lesions and provides a bridge to ultrasound-guided biopsy for histopathological diagnosis. There is a need for confirmation of biopsies to avoid false negative results. We describe a cheap, safe, and easy-to-apply USG-guided pre-biopsy lesions marking method in order to ensure definite correlation.
Grade expectations: the motivational consequences of performance feedback on a summative assessment

Abstract The current study investigated the impact of performance feedback on female students’ motivation following a summative classroom assessment in STEM. Seventh through ninth grade students (N = 161) were randomly assigned by their math or science class to one of the following conditions: grades, written comments, grades and comments, and no feedback. Results revealed complex interactions between feedback stage (anticipation vs. receipt) and form. Students in the grades-and-comments condition experienced the most optimal effects (i.e., increased mastery goal orientation and intrinsic motivation) despite a decline in self-efficacy. Students in the comments condition experienced a similar increase in intrinsic motivation. Finally, students in the no feedback condition reported a heightened performance-approach goal orientation when they received assessments with no feedback. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.
Integrated Soil–Crop System Management with Organic Fertilizer Achieves Sustainable High Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Northeast China Based on an 11-Year Field Study

To increase crop productivity while reducing environmental costs, an integrated soil–crop system management (ISSM) strategy was developed and successfully adopted in China. However, little information is available on the long-term ISSM effects on maize agronomic and environmental performance. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of ISSM with combining inorganic and organic fertilizers on maize productivity, N use efficiency (NUE) and N balance and losses as compared with farmers’ practice (FP) and high-yielding practice (HY), based on an 11-year field experiment in Northeast China. Maize yield in ISSM (11.7–14.3 Mg ha−1) achieved 97.7% of that in HY and was increased by 27% relative to FP. The excellent yield performance in ISSM was mainly attributed to optimum plant population structure and yield components. Annual N surplus in ISSM was only 7 kg ha−1, which was considerably lower than that in FP (52 kg ha−1) and HY (109 kg ha−1). Consequently, ISSM obtained significantly lower N losses and greenhouse gases emissions and higher NUE. In contrast to FP, crop performance in ISSM showing better sustainability and inter-annual stability. In conclusion, ISSM is an effective strategy to achieve long-term sustainable high crop yields and NUE with less environmental costs in the intensive agricultural system.
Of Masks and Men? Gender, Sex, and Protective Measures during COVID-19

Abstract Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, men have been consistently less likely to report wearing a protective face mask. There are several possible reasons for this difference, including partisanship and gender identity. Using a national live-caller telephone survey that measures gender identity, we show that men's gender identities are strongly related to their views of mask wearing, especially when gender identity is highly salient to the individual. The effects of this interaction of sex and gender are shown to be separate from the effects of partisanship. While partisanship is a significant driver of attitudes about face masks, within partisan groups, men who report “completely” masculine gender identities are very different from their fellow partisans.
Geomorphological response to system‐scale river rehabilitation II: Main‐stem channel adjustments following reconnection of an ephemeral tributary

This paper describes changes in bed morpho‐dynamics and topography in the River Ehen, a regulated river in NW England (i.e., temperate climate) following a rehabilitation project that reconnected a formerly diverted headwater sub‐catchment back to its main‐stem. Sediment grain‐size distributions in the Ehen changed subtly and in rather complex ways following the reconnection. Changes were most evident in the riffle morphological unit, where gravel‐sized material accumulated in the first 2 years after the reconnection. All morphological units initially experienced an addition of fine sediment (size <8 mm) but by the end of the study the proportion of fine material in the bed matrix had returned to pre‐reconnection levels. Topographic changes were evident in some units, with net aggradation in the riffle and scour in the plane bed; there was no detectable change in the pool. Albeit limited, there was evidence of an increase in bed mobility, with field observations indicating that the new sediment is moving over the top of the largely static existing pavement, rather than interacting with it. Despite numerous uncertainties related mainly to the ephemeral nature of the tributary and, consequently, how much sediment it would deliver, evidence suggests that the main project objective is being met: there is a renewed supply of sediment now being delivered to the main‐stem Ehen at times and in quantities that are controlled by natural processes. Nevertheless, the river is still best considered to be in an adjustment phase, so assessment of its long term response to the reconnection requires continued monitoring.
Biomarcadores histológicos em Sciades herzbergii (Pisces, Ariidae) para avaliação de impactos em ambientes estuarinos da Baía de São Marcos, Maranhão

RESUMO Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o impacto ambiental em áreas estuarinas da Baía de São Marcos, Maranhão, utilizando-se alterações histológicas nas brânquias e no fígado de Sciades herzbergii como biomarcadores de contaminação aquática. Foram realizadas coletas no período chuvoso (março de 2018) e de estiagem (julho de 2018), em que foram capturados 40 exemplares de S. herzbergii em duas regiões distintas da Baía de São Marcos: A1) Ilha dos Caranguejos (área referência); A2) Terminal de Pesca Industrial de Porto Grande (área potencialmente contaminada). As estações foram georreferenciadas por GPS e, em cada local de captura dos peixes, registraram-se as seguintes variáveis abióticas: temperatura, salinidade, pH e oxigênio dissolvido. Em campo, os organismos foram pesados e medidos, as brânquias e os fígados foram retirados e fixados. Posteriormente, foram mantidos em álcool a 70% até o procedimento histológico padrão. Resultados indicam que as duas áreas são semelhantes em termos de características físico-químicas da água e do sedimento. Todavia, a análise semiquantitativa das alterações histológicas observadas revelou que as brânquias foram o órgão mais afetado nos peixes de A2, indicando que os peixes desse local apresentam danos teciduais maiores resultantes de estresse acentuado por impactos antrópicos.