Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Canopy Management Practices Differentially Modulate Fruit Set, Fruit Yield, and Berry Composition at Harvest Depending on the Grapevine Cultivar

The size and number of the berries and the rachis length are the main elements that define bunch compactness in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). This trait is of scientific and commercial interest because it strongly influences phytosanitary status and quality of the fruits. In this work, we investigated the effect of different canopy management strategies based on apical shoot and/or leaf removal applied at the early stage (pre-bloom) in altering the key determinants of bunch compactness. Specifically, we compared apical defoliation (removal of the first half of the shoot leaves from the top), basal defoliation (removal of the second half), and shoot trimming (removal of the apical half of the shoot) to untreated controls. The work was carried out in two red varieties (‘Aglianico’ and ‘Casavecchia’) that have contrasting bunch compactness (compact and loose, respectively). We measured relevant morphological traits, photosynthetic rates, fertility, fruit set, bunch architecture, and fruit main compositional parameters. This study demonstrates that the position of the removed shoot leaves along with the shoot trimming differentially modified fruit set, the number of berries per bunch, and berry fresh weight and composition at harvest. Nonetheless, the influence on bunch compactness was limited mainly because of photosynthetic and morphological factors strongly associated with the cultivar.
Ultrafast Demagnetization Measurements Using Extreme Ultraviolet Light: Comparison of Electronic and Magnetic Contributions

Ultrashort pulses of extreme ultraviolet light from high-harmonic generation are a new tool for probing coupled charge, spin, and phonon dynamics with element specificity, attosecond pump-probe synchronization, and time resolution of a few femtoseconds in a tabletop apparatus. In this paper, we address an important question in magneto-optics that has implications for understanding magnetism on the fastest time scales: Is the signal from the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect at the M2;3 edges of a magnetic material purely magnetic or is it perturbed by nonmagnetic artifacts? Our measurements demonstrate conclusively that transverse magneto-optical Kerr measurements at the M2;3 edges sensitively probe the magnetic state, with almost negligible contributions from the transient variation of the refractive index by the nonequilibrium hot-electron distribution. In addition, we compare pump-probe demagnetization dynamics measured by both high harmonics and conventional visible-wavelength magneto-optics and find that the measured demagnetization times are in agreement.
Numerical simulation of the ground effect using the boundary element method

SUMMARY As is well known, the lift of a wing passing over the ground becomes larger than that of a wing in a finite air field because of the ground effect. Owing to its special aerodynamic characteristics and applications, the problem of the ground effect has become increasingly common. In this paper some investigations were conducted to calculate the unsteady aerodynamic forces for long and short ground plates by means of boundary element techniques. In order to calculate the pressure variation on a long ground plate, the steady boundary element method was used. However, when using a short ground plate, the boundary element method was modified to treat the unsteady aerodynamic phenomena. Experimental studies were also made for both ground plates to confirm the validity of the numerical results. At low angles of attack the qualitative behaviour of the unsteady aerodynamic pressure on both ground plates was well predicted by the boundary element methods and qualitative agreement is found between the calculated and measured results. # 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, 25: 1043‐1056 (1997)
Small clusters of II-VI materials: Zn i S i , i = 1 – 9

Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, PK 1072, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain~Received 12 January 2000; revised manuscript received 11 May 2000; published 18 October 2000! Improvements in the characterization of II-VI compound-based solar cells, and the recent experimentalcharacterization of small clusters and nanoparticles, make the study of small II-VI clusters very interesting. Inthis work, the ground states of small Zn
Stability of Up-milling and Down-milling Operations with Variable Spindle Speed

In this article, a stability treatment is presented for up-milling and down-milling processes with a variable spindle speed (VSS). This speed variation is introduced by superimposing a sinusoidal modulation on a nominal spindle speed. The VSS milling dynamics is described by a set of delay differential equations with time varying periodic coefficients and a time delay. A semi-discretization scheme is used to discretize the system over one period, and the infinite-dimensional transition matrix is reduced to a finite-dimensional matrix over this period. The eigenvalues of this finite-dimensional matrix provide information on VSS milling stability with respect to control parameters, such as the axial depth of cut and the nominal spindle speed. The stability charts obtained for VSS milling operations are compared with those obtained for constant spindle speed milling operations, and the benefits of VSS milling operations are discussed.
Recent Progress Towards a Large Eddy Simulation Code for Jet Aeroacoustics

In this paper, we present 3-D Large Eddy Simulation(LES) results for turbulent round jets. Our recently developed LES code is part of a Computational Aeroacoustics(CAA) methodology that will eventually couple the near field unsteady LES data with an integral acoustic formulation for the far field noise prediction of turbulent jets. The code employs high-order accurate compact dierencing together with implicit spatial filtering and state-of-the-art non-reflecting boundary conditions. The classical Smagorinsky subgrid-scale(SGS) model is used for representing the eect of the unresolved scales on the resolved scales. Preliminary results obtained in our simulations seem encouraging when compared with experimental data.
On the evolution of spherical gas interfaces accelerated by a planar shock wave

The interaction of a planar shock wave with a spherical gas interface (SF6 or helium) surrounded by air is studied experimentally and numerically. By means of the high-speed schlieren photography with high time resolutions and the numerical method VAS2D, the detailed flow field structures including the evolution of interfaces and the development of wave patterns are obtained. The sequences of schlieren frames of SF6 show that the refracted shock wave converges inside the volume and causes the shock focusing within the bubble interface, resulting in an outward jet. The SF6 jet is different from the krypton jet studied because of the difference in their acoustic impedances. The pressure perturbation plays an important role in the jet formation. Quantitative data of the evolving interface length, height, and vortex spacing as well as the displacements of the interface and the jet are acquired and compared. The generation and distribution of vorticity are also analyzed numerically and are found to be the dominant factors for the interface deformation and the resulting turbulent mixing. Furthermore, the velocities of the interfaces and shock waves obtained from the x-t diagrams in the experimental and numerical photographs are compared with those predicted from one-dimensional gasdynamics. In this way, the air contaminations of both gases are re-evaluated and it is shown that the contamination by air inside the helium bubble is significant while it has just small influence in the SF6 case, which confirms the findings in literatures.The interaction of a planar shock wave with a spherical gas interface (SF6 or helium) surrounded by air is studied experimentally and numerically. By means of the high-speed schlieren photography with high time resolutions and the numerical method VAS2D, the detailed flow field structures including the evolution of interfaces and the development of wave patterns are obtained. The sequences of schlieren frames of SF6 show that the refracted shock wave converges inside the volume and causes the shock focusing within the bubble interface, resulting in an outward jet. The SF6 jet is different from the krypton jet studied because of the difference in their acoustic impedances. The pressure perturbation plays an important role in the jet formation. Quantitative data of the evolving interface length, height, and vortex spacing as well as the displacements of the interface and the jet are acquired and compared. The generation and distribution of vorticity are also analyzed numerically and are found to be the domi.
A new model pdf for contaminants dispersing in the atmosphere

This paper illustrates the modelling of the probability density function for the concentration of a scalar dispersing in the atmosphere, using a simple modification of a two state distribution relevant to the hypothetical case of no molecular diffusion. The low concentration values are modelled by means of an exponential distribution, and the high concentration tails by a generalized Pareto distribution. The fits are generally better than those obtained using the beta distribution considered in earlier work. The new model links well with the α-β theory for concentration moments in turbulent flows, discussed in other papers of this special issue of Environmetrics.
Robust stability of control systems: extreme point results for the stability of edges

In the investigation of the robust stability of control systems with structured uncertainties, many results have been presented that lead to stability tests of the edges of a polytope. Some results are discussed where the stability of an edge can be guaranteed by the stability of the vertices of the edge. For two types of stability-the Schur and a rational D-stability-the conditions for the vertex property of an edge are obtained from the decomposition of the edge polynomials. The associated polynomial families, which can result by control of uncertain plants, are discussed. <<ETX>>
HOMOLOGICAL DIMENSION THEORY

The object of the first chapter of this paper is the homological dimension theory of compacta. In this chapter we present Aleksandrov's fundamental results and Bokshtein's theory. A considerable amount of space is devoted to the problem of realization of dimension functions, that is, of constructing compacta with given homological dimensions. In most cases the proofs given here differ from those previously known by certain improvements.In the second chapter we discuss the recently developed homological dimension theory of paracompact spaces. Here the main technical tool is the theory of sheaves. In the last section of this chapter we present Shvedov's theorem, which gives a negative answer to the long-standing problem: is the dimension dim fully determined by Menger's axioms?
Wind dependence of deep ocean ambient noise at low frequencies

A series of experiments has been carried out using a vertical line array to measure low‐frequency ambient noise at deep ocean sites in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Data in the band from 13 to 300 Hz were processed to obtain the array response directed vertically upward in order to study the noise due to local winds. The results indicate that there are two regimes of behavior depending on the wind speed v, with the transition occurring at the onset of wave breaking, v∼10 kn. The noise level (NL) for a specific wind noise process was related to a power n of the wind speed according to the relationship NL=B+20n log v, and the model parameters were obtained by fitting the data. The average value over the band was n=0.3 for wind speeds <10 kn and n=1.33 for higher speeds. This latter value is significantly larger than the value n=1, which is observed in ambient noise data at higher frequencies above 1 kHz. This result suggests that the noise process in breaking waves may be different at low frequencies from th.
The impact of the stratosphere on the troposphere during the southern hemisphere stratospheric sudden warming, September 2002

Recent research has established that a small but statistically significant link exists between the stratosphere and the troposphere in the northern hemisphere extratropics. In this paper it is shown that a similar link exists between the stratosphere and troposphere during the unprecedented September 2002 sudden warming in the southern hemisphere. Two ensemble forecasts of the stratospheric sudden warming are run which have different stratospheric initial conditions and identical tropospheric initial conditions. Stratospheric initial conditions have an impact on the tropospheric flow at the peak of the major warming (5 days into the run) and on longer time‐scales (18 days into the run). The character of this influence is a localized, equatorward shift of the tropospheric storm track. The averaged impact of the change in the position of the storm‐track maps strongly onto the Southern Annular Mode structure, but does not have an annular character. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Measurements of the Critical Casimir Effect and Superfluid Density in Saturated Helium-4 Films near T(lambda)

Author(s): Abraham, John Bishoy Sam | Advisor(s): Williams, Gary A | Abstract: Saturated thick films of 4Helium adsorbed on a copper substrate are studied experimentally. The film thickness is measured with an ultra-sensitive capacitance bridge capable of resolving sub-Angstrom changes in film thickness. Through the use of this capacitance bridge, the critical Casimir effect in the films is studiedin the vicinity of the λ transition. Additionally, the copper substrate assembly is used to generate and detect third sound in the film. Measurements are made of the third sound speed and attenuation in thick film from 1.6 K to the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in the films. The position of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition relative to the critical Casimir effect in the films is identifieded. It is discovered that the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition occurs at the beginning of the dip in film thickness due to the critical Casimir effect. When the temperature of the system is swept extremely slowly across the λ transition, a step in film thickness is observed. This step is possibly a non-universal critical Casimir effect. A model of thermal second sound excitations is developed to describe this new observation.
Three-dimensional turbulent structure in straight open channel flows

Secondary currents are generated and modified as a result of the anisotropy of turbulence, which is caused by the boundary conditions of the bed, the side-wall and the free surface, as well as the aspect ratio of the channel and the channel geometry. Secondary currents affect the primary mean flow, producing threedimensional structures. Such a generation mechanism for secondary currents in closed and open channel flows can be explained well by using the longitudinal vorticity equation. The secondary motions in open channel flows are quite different from those in closed channel flows.
Inelastic light scattering study of the ν=1 quantum Hall ferromagnet

We report on an inelastic light scattering study in the two-dimensional electron system at filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$. The energy and the inelastic cross section of the cyclotron spin-flip mode are analyzed. The exchange enhanced electronic $g$ factor in the quantum Hall ferromagnet is measured. In addition to the magnetoplasmon and cyclotron spin-flip modes, inelastic scattering lines associated with spin-singlet and spin-triplet ${D}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ complexes are observed. The inelastic light scattering is shown to probe the thermodynamics of the quantum Hall ferromagnet and gives insight into the formation of ferromagnetic order in two dimensions. It is established that at temperatures above the bare Zeeman energy, the ferromagnet breaks up into domains, whose size and number change with temperature. The experimental data allow us to construct a stability diagram of the $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ quantum Hall ferromagnet in the temperature versus magnetic field plane.
Set-Valued Resolvent Equations and Mixed Variational Inequalities☆

In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of variational inequalities, which is called the generalized set-valued mixed variational inequality. The resolvent operator technique is used to establish the equivalence among generalized set-valued variational inequalities, fixed point problems, and the generalized set-valued resolvent equations. This equivalence is used to study the existence of a solution of set-valued variational inequalities and to suggest a number of iterative algorithms for solving variational inequalities and related optimization problems. The results proved in this paper represent a significant refinement and improvement of the previously known results in this area.
Aspiration formation and satisficing in search with(out) competition

We experimentally explore individual and competitive search, and we test whether generally accepted principles of bounded rationality adequately explain observed search behavior. Subjects can, at a cost, employ screening and selection methods not only facilitating search but also directly revealing their aspirations. Most subjects follow the single threshold heuristic after extensive experimentation. Surprisingly, aspiration levels are set below the maximum value of all previously inspected alternatives. In competitive search, subjects tend to experiment less before engaging in satisficing and generally state lower aspirations. Finally, systematic satisficing seems to pay off.
Bivariate Aging Properties under Archimedean Dependence Structures

Let X = (X, Y) be a pair of lifetimes whose dependence structure is described by an Archimedean survival copula, and let X t = [(X − t, Y − t) | X > t, Y > t] denotes the corresponding pair of residual lifetimes after time t ≥ 0. Multivariate aging notions, defined by means of stochastic comparisons between X and X t , with t ≥ 0, were studied in Pellerey (2008), who considered pairs of lifetimes having the same marginal distribution. Here, we present the generalizations of his results, considering both stochastic comparisons between X t and X t+s for all t, s ≥ 0 and the case of dependent lifetimes having different distributions. Comparisons between two different pairs of residual lifetimes, at any time t ≥ 0, are discussed as well.
Estimating the Standard Deviation in Quality-Control Applications

In estimating the standard deviation of a normally distributed random variable, a multiple of the sample range is often used instead of the sample standard deviation in view of the range's computational simplicity. Although it is well known that use of the sample standard deviation is more efficient if the sample size exceeds 2, many statistical quality-control textbooks argue that the loss in efficiency when using the sample range to estimate the process standard deviation is very small with relatively small sample sizes. In this paper, we show that this loss in efficiency can be relatively large even for very small sample sizes and thus strongly advise against using range-based methods. We found that some previously published tables of relative efficiencies were either mislabeled or inaccurate. We also make some recommendations when a number of samples have been taken over time.
A search for lambda Bootis stars in OB associations

A search for λ Bootis stars in two OB associations, Orion OB1 and Lacerta OB1, has been carried out. One λ Bootis star has been discovered in the Orion OB1 association. In addition, nine A-type stars which appear to be slightly metal weak have been found in the two associations. The λ Bootis star is situated on the Zero-Age Main Sequence (ZAMS). The discovery of these stars strengthens the hypothesis that the λ Bootis stars are related to a short-lived evolutionary phase associated with the arrival of the star on the ZAMS
The extremes of a triangular array of normal random variables

Consider a triangular array of stationary normal random variables ${\xi_{n, i}, i \geq 0, n \geq 1)$ such that ${\xi_{n, i}, i \geq 0}$ is a stationary normal sequence for each $n \geq 1$. Let $\rho_{n, j} = \corr (\xi_{n, i}, \xi_{n, i + j})$. We show that if $(1 - \rho_{n,j}) \log n \to \delta_j \epsilon (0, \infty)$ as $n \to \infty$ for some j, then the locations where the extreme values occur cluster, and if $\rho_{n,j}$ tends to 0 fast enough as $j \to \infty$ for fixed n, then ${\xi_{n, i}, i \geq 0}$ satisfies a certain weak dependence condition. Under the two conditions, it is possible to speak about an index which measures the degree of clustering. In practice, this viewpoint can provide a better approximation of the distributions of the maxima of weakly dependent normal random variables than what is directly guided by the asymptotic theory of Berman.
Some Results on Specification Search and Pre‐testing in an ARMA(1,1) Process

In this study we consider simple autoregressive moving‐average (ARMA) models of order at most 1. Pre‐testing, on the moving‐average coefficient θ, is used to choose between an ARMA(1,1) and an AR(1) in a Monte Carlo design. We find that the pre‐test estimator is not always dominated by the others, and that the bias and the mean square error of the estimate of the autoregressive coefficient φ very often depend on the sign of the autoregressive and moving‐average parameters of the ARMA(1,1) model in the data‐generating process. Further, we note that the degrees of size and power distortion of the t test on φ, after pre‐testing for θ, are generally associated with model misspecification.
Vacuum currents around a magnetic flux string

We examine vacuum polarization effects around a singular magnetic flux string in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions. In particular we determine the local effects: charge and current densities and the flux induced by the vacuum current. The analysis is performed entirely on the basis of exact solutions to the pertinent Dirac equations, and we find that the (3+1)-dimensional effects can be described in a simple way as a superposition of the (2+1)-dimensional effects.
Enhancement of FLARE method for predicting buoyancy-induced flow reversal in vertical ducts via parabolic model

Enhancement of the FLARE method frequently employed in a parabolic-equation model analysis for buoyancy-induced flow reversal within vertical channels is investigated. The present study shows several modifications to the parabolic model and the FLARE method. The relative performance of all these modified parabolic models is evaluated for two-dimensional buayancy- assisted reversed flows. Comparison of the solutions between the parabolic and the full elliptic Navier-Stokes models is also made. Results tend to confirm previously reported findings that analysis based on the parabolic model and the FLARE approximation (B.L.+FLARE) reduces the implementation and computation efforts remarkably yet still retains the accuracy of the numerical solutions. However, when the Richardson number is higher than a treshold number, the traditional B.L. + FLARE procedure leads to an oscillating or even a divergent solution downstream. The numerical instability downstream can be eliminated by introducing a modified numerical algorithm (B.L. + FLAREC method) proposed in this study so as to advance the analysis into the higher Richardson number regime.