Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Special Issue on National Cultural Autonomy in Diverse Political Communities: Practices, Challenges, and Perspectives

Numerous contemporary examples attest to the continued political salience of ethnic identification. This is the case even in multi-ethnic societies bound together by a strong overarching sense of patriotism, but it is most especially so in contexts where ethnicity has historically functioned as the building block of modern nations (Rudolph 2006). Since today’s world contains many more ethnoculturally defined nations than it does states, a tension persists between the principle of self-determination of peoples and the principle of territorial integrity of existing polities (Dembinska, Máracz, and Tonk 2014). The almost invariable overlapping of different ethno-national populations within the same territorial space renders the nation-state concept inherently problematic as a modality for ethnically based self-determination, for while all nation-state projects dictate cultural uniformity, all must contend with differing degrees of pluralism. Within the nation-state frame, those who do not profess belonging to the dominant ethnocultural community are consigned to the category of “national minority” and thereby deemed an anomaly and a barrier to the creation of a “good political order. ”1 In this context, claims by minority national and ethnic communities for recognition of collective rights can be easily construed as a threat to the security of the state and its dominant ethno-national group, leading to situations of tension and—in the worst case—open conflict.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN KOMPENSASI RUGI FISKAL TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SUB SEKTOR INDUSTRI LOGAM YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2013-2017)

This study aimed to test and provide empirical evidence of the influence of profitability, firm size and fiscal lost compensation on tax avoidance. This study classified as causative research. The population in this study was manufacturing companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2013 until 2017. The sample was chosen by purposive sampling method and after reduces with several criteria, 13 firms are determined as samples . Data used was secondary data obtained from www.idx. co.id. Data was analyzed by using a linear regression analysis with help a program named SPPS version 25. The results showed that : 1) profitability has a significant effect on tax avoidance. 2) firm size has a significant effect on tax avoidance. 3) fiscal lost compensation has significant effect on tax avoidance. The tests are based on confidence level of 95%, and an error rate of 5%.
Opioid-Free Anesthesia and the Nurse Anesthetist. Experiences in Sweden and the United States.

Bakgrund: Opioidberoende och overdosrelaterade dodsfall ar ett vaxande problem i bade Sverige och USA. Opioider har haft en viktig roll inom anestesin sedan 1960-talet, men orsakar flera negativa effekter som kan leda till lidande for patienten och okade vardkostnader for samhallet. I evidensbaserad forskning framtrader opioidfri anestesi som ett patientsakert alternativ som minskar de negativa effekterna av opioider. Forskningen pa anestesisjukskoterskans upplevelse av opioidfri anestesi ar begransad. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att jamfora upplevelser och erfarenheter mellan anestesisjukskoterskor i Sverige och USA av fortrogenheten med opioidfri anestesi, dess perioperativa risker och fordelar, samt uppfattningen av ett samband mellan intraoperativa opioider och postoperativt beroende. Metod: En webbaserad enkat skickades ut till anestesisjukskoterskor i Sverige och USA. Data analyserades i SPSS Statistics och presenterades deskriptivt. Jamforelserna mellan Sverige och USA mojliggjordes genom att visa data fran de tva landerna tillsammans i samma diagram. Resultat: Anestesisjukskoterskorna i USA hade storre erfarenhet av opioidfri anestesi an anestesisjukskoterskorna i Sverige. Majoriteten av anestesisjukskoterskorna i USA instamde med alla fordelar och instamde inte med alla risker med opioidfri anestesi som angavs i enkaten. Manga av de svenska anestesisjukskoterskorna kande inte till de specifika fordelar och risker som angavs i enkaten, eller vilka lakemedel som borde inkluderas i en vardplan for opioidfri anestesi. Anestesisjukskoterskor fran bada lander ansag att opioidberoende ar ett stort problem i samhallet. Slutsats: Anestesisjukskoterskor i USA har mer klinisk erfarenhet och teoretisk kunskap om opioidfri anestesi jamfort med svenska anestesisjukskoterskor. I Sverige behovs mer utbildning for att konceptet ska kunna implementeras sakert. Denna studie tyder pa att opioidfri anestesi skulle vara fordelaktig for bade svenska anestesisjukskoterskors omvardnadsprioriteringar och for patienten i det postoperativa forloppet.
Effects of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin upon the Thymus and Spleen of Spayed and Intact Rats

THE PARTICIPATION of lymphoid cells and organs in the development of immune responses is an established fact. Recent advances in the transplantation of tissues and organs have focused attention on any substance acting upon these structures.3 Some of us have already published clinical' 8 and experimental data suggesting a probable depressor effect of estradiol upon immune responses. Independent experimental work done by Nelson et al., Pearse and Kaiman, Simmons et al., and Younger et al. has demonstrated that human chorionic gonadotrophin produces similar modifications in lymphoid organ physiology and release of antibodies. The present study was undertaken to answer the question advanced by the last author, whether this effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin is a direct or indirect one, mediated through gonadal stimulation induced by the hormone. An experimental approach utilizing male and female rats was devised to study the possible effects of this hormone upon the lymphoid organs of intact and castrated animals.
The Association Between Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) with Histological Grading and Molecular Subtypes in Invasive Breast Carcinoma

Background: Breast carcinoma is the second most common cancer in the world and is the most common cancer among women. Research on protein expression is associated with prognosis and opportunities for providing therapeutic agents. Recent research examines ALK with various characteristics in breast cancer. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that plays a role in the signal transduction pathway, including the ERK, JAK / STAT, and PI3K-PKB / Akt pathways, that will cause proliferation and survival of tumour cells. Objective: To analized the immunohistochemical expressions of ALK association with histological grading and molecular subtypes in invasive breast carcinoma patients. Material dan Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 44 invasive breast carcinoma patients were immunohistochemically studied for ALK expressions. All clinicopathological characteristics were obtained through medical records and pathology archives. Results: This study found that positive ALK expression in 40 cases (90.1%), while a negative ALK expression of 4 cases (9.1%). The mean age of patients with invasive breast carcinoma was 47.40 (± 10.57) years. Patients with positive ALK expression had an average age of 46.08 ± 10.64 years, and the highest tumor size was T3 (75%). All cases with negative ALK expression were invasive carcinoma NST. This study also found that there was no relationship of ALK expression with grading and molecular subtypes in invasive breast carcinoma. Conclusions: These findings can be considered in using ALK as a determinant of prognosis and therapeutic agents. The use of other biological markers and validation by using larger samples and more even distribution is needed for the determination of a more precise prognosis in this study. Keywords: invasive breast carcinoma, ALK, ALK inhibitor
A study on the prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolates from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of hospital and community acquired infections. The increasing prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has led to the widespread usage of Vancomycin which in turn leads to the emergence of resistance to glycopeptides antibiotics. Hence this study is aimed at analyzing the prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various clinical specimens. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted over a period of one year in a tertiary care hospital from various clinical samples received during the study period. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified by phenotypic methods and MRSA isolates were identified by Cefoxitin disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Out of 10842 different types of samples processed, 212 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were identified. Among them 59 (27.83%) were found to be Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 153 (72.17%) were found to be Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Conclusion: The above study concludes that it is a must to implement appropriate diagnostic methodology for isolating MRSA strains and also to ensure strict antibiotic policy in all the health care institutions with precautionary measures before starting the patient on Vancomycin.
Comparison Of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) With Bronchial Biopsy In The Diagnosis Of Lung Carcinoma: A Prospective Study

Aims and Objectives: To perform a diagnostic study and compare broncho-alveolar lavage with bronchial biopsy (the current gold standard) in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: 110 patients of clinically and radiologically suspected bronchogenic carcinoma attending the Kamla Nehru Chest Hospital, Jodhpur, between 1/1/2014 and 31/8/14 were recruited for the study (after taking an informed consent). All the patients underwent a BAL followed by bronchial biopsy using flexible bronchoscope. The specimens were processed as per standard procedures of cytology and histology at Department of Pathology, Dr S.N Medical College, Jodhpur. Observations: The age of the patients varied from 35 to 90 years, and the male: female ratio was 7.46:1. Bronchial biopsy showed malignancy in 50 patients (45.45%), was non-malignant (inflammatory, tuberculous or no significant pathology) in 51.81% patients and biopsy material was found to be inadequate in 2.72%. All samples of BAL were adequate (material yield of 100%). BAL had a sensitivity of 72%, specificity of 80.70%, PPV of 76.60%, NPV of 76.66% and accuracy of 76.6%. Conclusion: It is concluded that BAL is a valuable tool and yields almost same information as biopsy. It is useful in patients with evidence of obstruction or risk of haemorrhage. It can be used in combination with bronchial biopsy to increase the material yield.
The Feature of MALT1-A20-NF-κB Expression Pattern Provide Important Insights Into the Therapeutic Benefit for T-ALL

Abstract 4810 The knowledge of oncogenic signaling pathways of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is still limited. Constitutive aberrant activation of NF-κB signaling has been detected in various lymphoid malignancies and plays a key role in the development of these malignancies. The zinc finger-containing protein A20 (also known as Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Protein 3 or TNFAIP3) is a central regulator of multiple NF-κB activating signaling cascades. A20 is inactivated and results in constitutive NF-κB activation in tumor cells. A20 is now known to act as a crucial tumor suppressor in various hematological malignancies like lymphomas. MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1) plays a critical role in the regulation of NF-κB pathways, and mediated rapid proteolytic cleavage and inactivation of A20. To further characterize the function of these signal molecules, we analyzed the expression levels of A20, NF-κB and MALT1 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 19 patients newly diagnosed with T-ALL (aged 4–70 years, median 25), and investigated the relationship between the aberrant expressions of these genes and T-ALL. Twenty-nine healthy individuals (aged 20–57, median 28) served as controls. We found that the expression levels of A20 in T-ALL patients (6.057±5.275) were significantly lower than healthy group (9.865±5.370) ( P =0.020), while the expression levels of NF-κB (0.560±0.425) and MALT1 (2.712±3.127) in T-ALL patients were significantly higher than healthy group (0.337±0.311, 0.713±0.464) ( P =0.041, P =0.001). The expression levels of A20 had a significant negative correlation with the expression of MALT1 ( r =−0.628, P =0.009), and the reduced levels of A20 had a positive correlation with the increased expression of NF-κB in T-ALL ( r =0.588, P =0.017). In conclusion, the overexpression of MALT1 in T-ALL causes constitutively cleavage and inactivation of A20 to enhance NF-κB signaling, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of T-ALL. Thus, MALT1 may consider as a potentially attractive target for the development of T-ALL therapeutics. Disclosures: Ma: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Wu: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Wang: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Zhang: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Yang: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Chen: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Li: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Li: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding.
Corporate social responsibility and financial statement comparability: Evidence from China

This study examines the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and financial statement comparability. We use a sample of 7,462 firm‐year observations from firms listed on China's stock exchanges from 2007 to 2016 and find that to some extent, firms with more positive CSR performance exhibit higher financial statement comparability, supporting the notion that managers have ethical concerns for stakeholder engagement. By contrast, firms with inferior adverse CSR performance exhibit significantly much lower financial statement comparability. Results are robust to alternative variable measurements and tests for endogeneity. Findings also suggest that CSR performance can be indicative of managerial opportunistic behaviours and the compliance incentive to follow accounting standards.
Sustainability Education in First Nations Schools: A Multi-Site Study and Implications for Education Policy.

This paper explores sustainability uptake in education policy in First Nations-managed K-12 schools and analyzes the implications of barriers for practices in First Nations’ educational communities. Interviews were conducted with educators across four different Canadian schools and content analysis used to draw out key themes of analysis. Themes include educators’ articulations of relationships to land, including of a relational-legacy of living in an implicitly sustainable and respectful way. Participants also described how culturally and geographically relevant pedagogical approaches to sustainability are challenged by systemic and localized barriers. Participants perceived under-resourcing and administrative barriers to limit integration of sustainability across curricular areas, hindering educators’ abilities to develop appropriate innovative programming and resources for First Nations’ students. Success in overcoming these obstacles was described as being achieved through harnessing community resources to indirectly include sustainability in the curriculum. Implications for local and global Indigenous educators, policy makers, and agencies are discussed.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Modalities of Group Delivery of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Intervention for Food Cravings: Online versus In-Person

Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), to address overeating behaviours in obese and overweight individuals both in-person (Church & Brooks, 2010; Stapleton et al., 2011, 2012, 2016, 2017) and online (Church, Stapleton, Sheppard & Carter, 2018; Church & Wilde, 2013). The aim of the present study was to determine whether an online EFT program was as efficacious as the in-person treatment. This was achieved by comparing data from a randomised clinical trial (RCT) for an in-person EFT intervention for weight management (Stapleton et al., 2016), with an equivalent online RCT. Each program targeted food cravings, the subjective power of food, dietary restraint, body mass index, weight, somatic symptomology, anxiety, and depression. Results indicate both modalities were comparable in efficacy and both groups experienced significant reductions from pre-intervention to post-intervention, with reductions remaining significant at follow ups for food cravings, power of food, depression and weight, with minor differences observed at post-intervention or 6-month follow up for dietary restraint, somatic symptoms, anxiety and body mass index. Follow-up analyses revealed a significant effect of depression, anxiety and weight on attrition in the online treatment group.
The estimation of gross oxygen production and community respiration from autonomous time‐series measurements in the oligotrophic ocean

Diel variations in oxygen concentration have been extensively used to estimate rates of photosynthesis and respiration in productive freshwater and marine ecosystems. Recent improvements in optical oxygen sensors now enable us to use the same approach to estimate metabolic rates in the oligotrophic waters that cover most of the global ocean and for measurements collected by autonomous underwater vehicles. By building on previous methods, we propose a procedure to estimate photosynthesis and respiration from vertically resolved diel measurements of oxygen concentration. This procedure involves isolating the oxygen variation due to biological processes from the variation due to physical processes, and calculating metabolic rates from biogenic oxygen changes using linear least squares analysis. We tested our method on underwater glider observations from the surface layer of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre where we estimated rates of gross oxygen production and community respiration both averaging 1.0 mmol O2 m−3 d−1, consistent with previous estimates from the same environment. Method uncertainty was computed as the standard deviation of the fitted parameters and averaged 0.6 and 0.5 mmol O2 m−3 d−1 for oxygen production and respiration, respectively. The variability of metabolic rates was larger than this uncertainty and we were able to discern covariation in the biological production and consumption of oxygen. The proposed method resolved variability on time scales of approximately 1 week. This resolution can be improved in several ways including by measuring turbulent mixing, increasing the number of measurements in the surface ocean, and adopting a Lagrangian approach during data collection.
Feedback Stabilization of a Class of Diagonal Infinite-Dimensional Systems With Delay Boundary Control

This article studies the boundary feedback stabilization of a class of diagonal infinite-dimensional boundary control systems. In the studied setting, the boundary control input is subject to a constant delay while the open-loop system might exhibit a finite number of unstable modes. The proposed control design strategy consists of two main steps. First, a finite-dimensional subsystem is obtained by truncation of the original infinite-dimensional system (IDS) via modal decomposition. It includes the unstable components of the IDS and allows the design of a finite-dimensional delay controller by means of the Artstein transformation and the pole-shifting theorem. Second, it is shown via the selection of an adequate Lyapunov function that: 1) the finite-dimensional delay controller successfully stabilizes the original IDS and 2) the closed-loop system is exponentially input-to-state stable (ISS) with respect to distributed disturbances. Finally, the obtained ISS property is used to derive a small gain condition ensuring the stability of an IDS-ODE interconnection.
Early diagnosis and management of Necrotizing Fasciitis

Introduction: The term Necrotising Fasciitis (NF) refers to ‘severe inflammation of the muscle sheath that leads to necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue and adjacent fascia’. Incidence of NF varies from 0.24 – 0.4 per 100 000 adults with high morbidity and mortality Early clinical suspicion, repeated aggressive wound debridement and broad spectrum antibiotics with interdisciplinary management improve the survival rate and reduce morbidity. However, early NF can be difficult to distinguish from non-necrotising soft tissue infections in the absence of severe sepsis, multi organ failure or pain. Based on the evolving cutaneous features, Wang Y et al described three stages of NF. Based on various microbial flora involved, Morgan classified NF into types I–IV. Wong et al first described the laboratory risk indicator (LRINEC) for scoring the severity of NF. We are presenting a retrospective observation study of 112 cases of Necrotizing Fasciitis to analyse the methods for early diagnosis and management. Materials and methods: All the case sheets of the patients diagnosed and treated as necrotizing fasciitis from 03-06-2014 to 12-08-2015 were retrieved from medical records department of our Medical College Hospital. From the case sheets, the patients’ demographic, clinical, investigation management and morbidity & mortality data were collected, tabulated and analysed to find out the best possible methods for early diagnosis and management of NF. Results: The data collected in of our study are comparable with and similar to those of previous authors. Conclusion: Clinical findings to suspect / diagnose NF are neither specific nor sensitive especially in early stages. LRINEC scoring is a sensitive diagnostic tool but it is less specific. Imaging modalities are not useful in early cases. Gas in soft tissue X-ray is seen in 40% of cases only. Negative wound culture and biopsy do not rule out NF. Bedside finger test is more specific. Extensive literature review does not show any study to suggest definitive methods for early diagnosis and management of NF. To create proper level of evidence larger prospective study is needed with set protocols for early diagnosis and specific indications for emergency operative intervention, delayed operative intervention and conservative management.