Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterising the Bacterial Gut Microbiome of Probiotic-supplemented Very Preterm Infants 

Background:The gut microbiome plays a critical role in the healthy development, immunity and metabolism of infants. Preterm birth disrupts microbiome development and can contribute to acute and chronic disease. To promote microbial and infant development, and to mitigate the risk of disease, premature infants may be treated with probiotics. Here we used 16S rRNA high throughout sequencing to characterize the bacterial microbiome of probiotic-supplemented premature infants. The study aimed to identify and understand variation in bacterial gut flora, including changes from admission to discharge, and the effect of several clinical variables using a combination of univariate and mixed effects analyses.Results: Infants born <32 weeks gestation and <1500 g were recruited in North Queensland, Australia, with faecal samples collected at admission (n = 71) and at discharge (n = 63). Our research builds on previous research and supports significant changes over time in the preterm infant microbiome, and in response to several variables. Univariate analysis showed admission and discharge samples had significantly different microbial populations, with Staphylococcus enriched at admission and Enterobacter, Lactobacillus, Colstridium sensu stricto 1 and Veillonella at discharge. From the mixed effects modeling we observed significantly lower alpha diversity in infants diagnosed with either sepsis or retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and those that only received formula milk. Chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and ROP were also all associated with differential abundance of several taxa.Conclusions:Our study builds on previous research and supports significant changes in the preterm microbiome over time and in association with several factors. The fact that several associations were observed, and some in ways that counter previous work, highlights the complexity of microbiome ecology.
Hardware in the Loop Emulation of Ship Propulsion Systems at Model Scale

Requirements on ships are rapidly increasing. In particular, safety and environmental impact are under increasing scrutiny. At the same time, cost and pro_tability remain as important as they have ever been. These increasingly stringent constraints are beginning to pose problems during the design process. For example, the energy e_ciency design index (EEDI) aims to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide by progressively limiting engine power installed on board. However, these reductions in propulsive power raise concerns about the ship's manoeuvrability in rough seas. Moreover, the expected introduction of novel power and propulsion systems based on, for example, fuel cell technology, further raises uncertainty regarding the performance of future ships and propulsion systems in dynamic environments. Considering these developments, detailed predictions of manoeuvrability and propulsion plant behaviour are becoming increasingly important in the ship design process. Yet, present prediction methods are insu_cient to evaluate manoeuvrability and behaviour of ship propulsion systems in complex, dynamic environments such as heavy seas. Fully numerical methods based on computational uid dynamics (CFD) and _rst principles are inherently uncertain and compute-intensive. As such, these methods are presently unsuitable to assess the dynamic interaction between machinery and hydrodynamics over prolonged periods of time. As an alternative to numerical methods, experiments with scale model ships can be conducted. However, such experiments are subject to hydrodynamic scale e_ects: viscous friction, spray formation and propeller cavitation are not the same as at full scale. Moreover, these model ships are powered by considerably simpli_ed propulsion systems, causing entirely di_erent propulsion plant dynamics than at full scale. Ideally, scale model experiments would be conducted with, for example, a perfectly downscaled diesel engine, gearbox and propeller; in practice, however, this is generally not feasible. As such, existing prediction methods leave great uncertainty how future ship designs can simultaneously meet all requirements regarding operational performance, safety and compliance with environmental regulations. A possible way to bridge this knowledge gap is by conducting hardware in the loop (HIL) experiments in the ship model basin. Such experiments combine numerical simulations with a physical test setup. During HIL experiments with free sailing ship models, the propulsion engine and other machinery are simulated by a computer. These simulations are then used to control an electric motor, powering the propeller of a physical scale model ship. As such, the complex interaction between engine, propeller, hull and environment can be physically reproduced, allowing to assess design choices early on in the ship design process.
SURVEILLANCE OF AEDES AEGYPTI AFTER RESURGENCE IN DOWNTOWN ST. AUGUSTINE, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA

Aedes aegypti is an anthropophilic vector of several arboviruses, including yellow fever, Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, and the infamous Zika virus. In 2016, Zika virus was spreading rapidly throughout Brazil and mosquito control districts expected Zika virus would be imported to Florida and vectored by endemic Aedes aegypti. Aedes aegypti often takes advantage of cryptic oviposition sites and therefore circumvents conventional control and surveillance strategies used by mosquito control practitioners. The objective of this study was to find Ae. aegypti breeding sites in the tourist district of Saint Augustine, FL, using a door-to-door on-foot approach. Mosquito control technicians, biologists and interns worked to inspect and treat each property for Ae. aegypti. Additionally, residents were informed about Ae. aegypti and its public health risk factors. In total, Anastasia Mosquito Control District inspected 1199 of the 1995 parcels in downtown Saint Augustine (60% coverage) in three months. Artificial containers were found at 1,099 of the homes inspected, and Ae. aegypti were found at 120 homes in the area. Each property where mosquito larvae and/or adults were detected was treated using source reduction, larvicides and adulticides. Residents were educated about this project and Ae. aegypti via small flyers, door hangers, pamphlets and/or verbal communication. This study provided insight into the location of Ae. aegypti breeding sites in the tourist district of Saint Augustine, FL, which will facilitate future control efforts.
The F, Cl, Br and I Contents of Reference Glasses BHVO‐2G, BIR‐1G, BCR‐2G, GSD‐1G, GSE‐1G, NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612

Halogen contents for the widely distributed reference glasses BHVO‐2G, BIR‐1G, BCR‐2G, GSD‐1G, GSE‐1G, NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612 were investigated by pyrohydrolysis combined with ion chromatography, total reflection X‐ray fluorescence analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis, the noble gas method, electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Glasses BHVO‐2G, GSD‐1G and GSE‐1G have halogen contents that can be reproduced at the 15% level by all bulk techniques and cover a significant range in halogen mass fractions for F (~ 20–300 μg g−1), Cl (~ 70–1220 μg g−1) and Br (~ 0.2–285 μg g−1) and I (~ 9–3560 ng g−1). The BIR‐1G glass has low F (< 15 μg g−1), Cl (~ 20 μg g−1), Br (15 ng g−1) and I (3 ng g−1). The halogen contents for the silica‐rich NIST SRM 610 and 612 glasses were poorly reproduced by the different techniques. The relatively high Cl, Br and I abundances in glasses GSD‐1G and GSE‐1G mean that these glasses are well suited for calibrating spatially resolved micro‐analytical studies on silicate glasses, melt and fluid inclusions. Combined EPMA and laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry data for glass GSE‐1G demonstrate homogeneity at the 10% level for Cl and Br.
AN EFFICIENT APPROXIMATION OF FREQUENCY AND TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF TISSUES

We here present a bivariate Chebyshev series method for the approximation of the experimental frequency and temperature dependent dielectric functions of materials. Within the framework of this method, the dielectric properties are modeled as a low-degree polynomial of the temperature variable (T ), the coefficients of which have a frequency (variable f) dependency. This model is then rephrased in terms of the temperature coefficients which are given here as the rational functions of frequency. The principal merits of this method are that it produces a near-best polynomial approximation to the target function, rapidly improves with the order of approximation, and is easy to compute. The favorable features of our approach are demonstrated by considering the experimental wideband Cole-Cole models of animal tissues with the temperature-dependent parameters. The numerical results show the inferiority of the commonly used power-of-f representation of the polynomials concerned due to large rounding errors when the frequency range is large. This problem is ameliorated by expressing the appertaining coefficients as polynomials in the transformed frequency variable x(f) in the Chebyshev basis. Areas of application of the results of this article include the modeling of human exposure to radiofrequency fields, development of treatment and diagnostic procedures, and food processing technologies.
DETERMINATION OF PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS OF PHENYTOIN IN THAI CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY

Objective: Phenytoin displays nonlinear pharmacokinetics due to the saturation of its’ metabolizing enzymes, thus making dosing adjustments a challenge in clinical practice. However, data on the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin in pediatric patients with epilepsy in Thailand remain lacking. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin, and the factors influencing them in epileptic Thai children using therapeutic drug monitoring data. Methods: Steady state phenytoin plasma concentrations were collected from 96 Thai children with epilepsy aged ≤ 15 y. For individuals having a single steady-state concentration (Css) on one dosage, the Vmax was determined by fixing Km = 4.5 mg/l. For patients with two values for Css with different dosages, the Ludden method was used to determine Vmax and Km. Influences on Vmax and Km by demographic factors including age, sex, weight, serum albumin, and the use of CYP2C9 inducers (carbamazepine, phenobarbital, folic acid, and vigabatrin) and inhibitors (valproic acid and topiramate) were determined by linear mixed-effects regression. Results: The majority of patients had sub-therapeutic plasma concentrations of phenytoin. The Vmax and Km were estimated to be 9.84 mg/kg/d and 2.32 mg/l, respectively. Age and weight significantly influenced Vmax, whereas Km had no significant influencing factors. Conclusion: The Vmax estimated in this study is different from other populations previously reported. Our results suggest that increased phenytoin dosages may be required to achieve optimal concentrations due to the sub-therapeutic concentrations reported here. The results from this study are beneficial for phenytoin dosage individualization in Thai children.
Ten Days Late and Billions of Dollars Short: The Employment Effects of Delays in Paycheck Protection Program Financing

Delay in the provision of Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans due to insufficient initial funding under the CARES Act substantially and persistently reduced employment. Delayed loans increased job losses in May and persistently reduced recalls throughout the summer. The magnitude and heterogeneity of effects suggest significant barriers to obtaining external financing, particularly among small firms. Effects are inequitably distributed: larger among the self-employed, less well paid, less well educated and--importantly for the design of future programs--in very small firms. Our estimates imply the PPP saved millions of jobs but larger initial funding could have saved millions more, particularly if it had been directed toward the smallest firms. About half of the jobs lost to insufficient PPP funding are lost in firms with fewer than 10 employees, despite such firms accounting for less than 20 percent of employment.
Mathematical Simulation of Electrotechnology Characteristics of Mining Complexes

The article presents the results of the research and analysis of the efficiency of power consumption at tunnelling sections in coal mines. The authors established distribution laws for the shift averages of technological and specific consumption of power. Further, they recommended the criteria and principles for the assessment of the power conservation level, efficiency of mine tunneling and works execution arrangement in terms of power sustainable use by shift teams. The recommendations are provided on defining sustainable levels of the shift average power consumption and rationalizing manufacturing standard indices.
Retrospective Analysis of Combined Treatment with Triple Combination Cream and Hyaluronic Acid Microneedle Patch for Benign Pigmented Skin Lesions

Background : Triple Combination Cream (TCC), which is a combination of retinoic acid, hydroquinone, and a corticosteroid at fixed ratios, is an economical option for treating common pigmented skin lesions, although it can elicit some discomfort, including redness, dryness, and itching. Objective : We evaluated the clinical usefulness of combining TCC with a dissolvable microneedle hyaluronic acid patch (TCC+HA-DMN) to achieve the therapeutic effects of TCC while avoiding its side effects when treating pigmented skin lesions. Methods & Materials : We retrospectively analyzed the results of 25 patients (mean age, 48.2 years, range 27–72 years, SD = 13.078) with pigmented lesions along the face (e.g., solar lentigines and seborrheic keratoses) who received TCC+HA-DMN between March 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019. For 4 weeks, patients were asked to apply TCC and an HA-DMN patch daily only to the pigmented area and to wash their face after 3 hours. Results : A UV and polarized LED light source and CMOS (Complementary metal–oxide– semiconductor) sensor integrated digital analysis system revealed significant reductions in pigmentation and melanin level in lesions 4 and 8 weeks after initiating TCC+HA-DMN, respectively. Visual analog scale scores also highlighted marked improvements in lesion appearance at 4 and 8 weeks (min = 1, max = 5, mean = 2.48 (4weeks), 3.76 (8 weeks); standard deviation at 4 and 8 weeks = 0.871 and 1.051, respectively). Conclusion : TCC+HA-DMN is effective in treating pigmented skin lesions. Retrospective Analysis of Combined Treatment with Triple Combination Cream and Hyaluronic Acid Microneedle Patch for Benign Pigmented Skin Lesions.
Improving The Quality of Mathematics Learning Based On Society’s Potency in Junior High School

The objectives of this study were to describe the society’s empowerment in improving the quality of the learning media, learning process, and learning assessment in school. This research applied qualitative with ethnography research design. The data were collected by in-depth interview, observation, and documentation; while the data analysis technique used was the interactive analysis. The results of the study showed the following conclusions. (1) In order to gain good quality learning, it is a must to prepare a good learning media. The minimum component in developing the learning media (syllabus and lesson plan) must content the learning objectives, learning material, study source, and learning assessment. (2) The learning process must use various ways to encourage students’ interest and curiosity, including using various methods, using language styles that are not monotonous, asking questions that guide students’ creativity, using multi-method and multimedia, and giving assignments individually and in groups to students. (3) The assessment becomes a very important thing to determine the level of success in the learning that has been done.
Estimation of the Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of Bell Pepper Using a Removable Weighing Lysimeter: A Case Study in the Southeast of Spain

Water use efficiency is essential in semiarid regions of Spain, and it can be achieved through a precise knowledge of the real crop water requirements (CWR). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) offers standardized crop coefficients to establish the CWR. However, these coefficients can change due to different conditions, such as climatic variations and cultivation practices. In this work, the evapotranspiration (ETClys) and crop coefficients (KClys) of bell pepper were obtained with a compact removable weighing lysimeter between February and August for two crop seasons (2019 and 2020). ETClys was determined from the water balance, and the KClys values were determined as the ratio of the crop evapotranspiration, measured on the removable weighing lysimeter, and the reference evapotranspiration. The KClys average values for the bell pepper in the initial, middle, and final stages were 0.57, 1.06, and 0.80, respectively. KC regression models were obtained as a function of the fraction thermal units, achieving a maximum correlation of 0.67 (R2). In general, the KC values obtained in this research work were lower in the initial and in the final stages and larger in the middle stage in comparison with the FAO-56 values and other research works values in semiarid conditions. The bell pepper yield increased by 7.72% in 2019 and by 3.49% in 2020 compared to the yield reported by the Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Areas of the Spanish Government in 2019 and with a minimum water loss through drainage. The results in this work can help farmers to determine the crop water requirements and to improve the system efficiency in semiarid locations with similar conditions to those in the study.
Delay Optimal Random Access With Heterogeneous Device Capabilities in Energy Harvesting Networks Using Mean Field Game

In distributed random access (RA), each device should consider its own information as well as the influence from others, which is difficult to obtain with diverse capabilities of devices. In this paper, we study the RA problem for massive devices with heterogeneous device capabilities in large-scale energy harvesting IoT networks. To deal with the overload issue for massive devices with different capabilities, we propose an optimal RA policy by improving the conventional mean field games (MFG) via exchanging the mean field terms (MFT) among devices. Specifically, we formulate the delay optimal problem as a two-dimensional Markov Decision Process (MDP) problem involving both energy and data states. For distributed deployment of massive RA, we divide the MDP into multiple per-device subproblems, and propose the distributed RA scheme by solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation using stochastic learning. Considering the deviation of MFT estimation induced by heterogeneous device capabilities, we design an MFT consensus scheme based on stochastic approximation by information exchange among neighbor devices. For reducing the state space and exchanging the MFT efficiently, we adopt the number of simultaneous access devices instead of the conventional MFT. Furthermore, we prove the convergence of the proposed scheme with coupling MFT and Q-factor. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RA scheme outperforms baseline schemes on delay performance, especially in the heavy traffic load regime.
Management of subaxial cervical spine trauma: Clinical results of early surgical decompression

Traumatic injuries of the subaxial cervical spine (C3-7); considered among the most common and most damaging injuries to the axial skeleton. Decompression of the spine is standard approach after cervical spinal cord injury.In this study, 72 patients who underwent early decompression with the decision of surgery according to the classification system with the Subaxial Injury Classification and Severity Scale (SLICS) among 212 patients who developed spine fractures as a result of acute traumatic subaxial cervical trauma were examined.ASIA scoring system was used for neurological examination evaluation.Patients were included in the rehabilitation program, which lasted at least six months after the operation.Neurological recovery results were evaluated with ASIA scores obtained after the rehabilitation program.It has been shown that early surgery for subaxial cervical spine fractures contributes significantly to the patient's neurological recovery.
A current sensor based adaptive step‐size MPPT with SEPIC converter for photovoltaic systems

Efﬁcient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is an important problem for renewable power generation from photovoltaic systems. In this work, a current sensor based MPPT algorithm using an adaptive step-size for a single ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) based solar photovoltaic system is proposed. Due to lower sensitivity of power to current perturbation as compared to the voltage one, such a scheme is shown to yield better efﬁciency at steady-state. A new adaptation scheme is also proposed for faster convergence of the MPPT technique. Hence, the proposed scheme yields better transient as well as steady-state performance. A prototype converter is used along with digital implementation of the proposed MPPT technique to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the ﬁxed step-size and voltage based ones. Simulation and experimental results corroborates the same.
Morphometric analysis and sequence related amplified polymorphism determine genetic diversity in Salvia species

Salvia species is a member of the Lamiaceae family, and it also possesses medicinal and horticulture values. The genetic diversity was assessed through sequence-related amplified polymorphism. To uncover genetic diversity and species characteristics in Salvia species were studied through a combination of morphological and molecular data. One hundred forty-five individuals related to 30 Salvia were collected in 18 provinces. A total of 157 (Number of total loci) (NTL) DNA bands were produced through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 30 Salvia species. These bands were produced with the combinations of 10 selective primers. The total number of amplified fragments ranged from 10 to 20. The predicted unbiased heterozygosity (H) varied between 0.11 (Salvia urmiensis) and 0.31 (Salvia limbata). High Shannon’s information index was detected in Salvia limbata. The genetic similarities between 30 species are estimated from 0.46 to 0.91. Clustering results showed two major clusters. According to the SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers analysis, Salvia hydrangea and Salvia sharifii had the lowest similarity. Salvia bracteata and Salvia suffruticosa were genetically dissimilar to each other. This study also detected a significant signature of isolation by distance. Present results showed that sequence-related amplified polymorphism has the potential to decipher genetic affinity between Salvia species. Current results have implications in biodiversity and conservation programs. Besides this, present results could pave the way for selecting suitable ecotypes for forage and pasture purposes in Iran.