Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water and partial melting in mantle plumes: Inferences from the dissolved H2O concentrations of Hawaiian basaltic magmas

Knowledge of dissolved H2O in primary Kilauean magmas provides a constraint on H2O abundance in the deep mantle region that feeds the upwelling plume beneath Hawaii. Given an H2O/K2O mass ratio of ∼1.3 for basaltic glasses and melt inclusions from Kilauea, the mantle source is estimated to contain 450±190 ppm H2O. This value is ∼3 times greater than that estimated for the mantle source for mid‐ocean ridge basalts. Consideration of OH solubility in olivine suggests that water undersaturated melting of the upwelling Hawaiian plume probably begins at a depth of ∼250 km. Thus during plume ascent through most of the upper mantle, water is partitioned between nominally anhydrous silicates and a small mass fraction of entrained hydrous silicate melt. Because water strongly influences the viscosity of olivine aggregates, partial melting and melt extraction will have important effects on the rheology of the upwelling plume beneath Hawaii.
Associations Between Residential Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and Liver Injury Markers

Occupational exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been associated with numerous health complications including steatohepatitis and liver cancer. However, the potential impact of environmental/residential VOC exposures on liver health and function is largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, the objective of this cross-sectional study is to investigate associations between VOCs and liver injury biomarkers in community residents. Subjects were recruited from six Louisville neighborhoods, and informed consent was obtained. Exposure biomarkers included 16 creatinine-adjusted urinary metabolites corresponding to 12 parent VOCs. Serological disease biomarkers measured included cytokertain-18 (K18 M65 and M30), liver enzymes, and direct bilirubin. Associations between exposure and disease biomarkers were assessed using generalized linear models. Smoking status was conﬁrmed through urinary cotinine levels. The population comprised of approximately 60% females and 40% males; White persons accounted 78% of the population; with more nonsmokers ( n ¼ 413) than smokers ( n ¼ 250). When compared with nonsmokers, males (45%) and Black persons (26%) were more likely to be smokers. In the overall population, metabolites of acrolein, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, 1,3-butadiene, crotonaldehyde, styrene, and xylene were positively associated with alkaline phosphatase. These associations persisted in smokers, with the exception of crotonaldehyde, and addition of N , N -dimethylformamide and propylene oxide metabolites. Although no positive associations were observed for K18 M30, the benzene metabolite was positively associated with bilirubin, irrespective of smoking status. Taken together, the results demonstrated that selected VOCs were positively associated with liver injury biomarkers. These ﬁndings will enable better risk assessment and identiﬁcation of populations vulnerable to liver disease.
Soil Changes During Secondary Succession in a Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Area

The development of second-growth forest after abandonment of agricultural fields in tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) areas is common in southern Mexico, but little is known about how such changes affect soil properties. We evaluated the changes in soil properties at the 0- to 20- and 20- to 40-cm depths during this conversion in three chronosequences, each composed of a cornfield, and adjacent forests of 15, 45, 75, and a 100 yr after abandonment at El Rincon, Oaxaca, Mexico. All studied soils were acidic, rich in organic C and total nitrogen (TN), and had low levels of plant-available P, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, and K, and high levels of exchangeable Al. Most of the soil properties analyzed changed significantly with the age after abandonment, but in most cases the patterns of response varied with the chronosequence, usually 15 to 45 yr after abandonment. In all chronosequences, soil pH and N/P ratio decreased, and the thickness of the O horizon increased, during the first 100 yr of forest development. The highest rates of soil C sequestration and the highest drop in exchangeable K, Mg, and Ca concentrations took place the first 15 yr of forest development. Most of soil changes can be associated with nutrient retention by vegetation and litter, the concentration of exchangeable Al in soil, and the role of soil pH in mineralization rates, ion solubility, and rock weathering. The different patterns of response found among chronosequences illustrate the importance of having replicates before making general statements about changes in soil properties after disturbance.
T Cell Populations Primed by Hapten Sensitization in Contact Sensitivity Are Distinguished by Polarized Patterns of Cytokine Production: Interferon ~/-producing (tcl) Effector Cd8 + T Cells and Interleukin (11) 4/ii-10-producing (th2) Negative Regulatory Cd4 + T Cells

Surnrnary Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a T cell-mediated response to hapten sensitization of the epi-dermis. The roles of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in CHS have remained unclear, however, as studies to define either subset as the T cells mediating CHS have provided conflicting results. The goal of this study was to correlate the in vivo function ofCD4 + and CD8 + T cells in CHS with the cytokines produced by each T cell population. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD4 + T cells before sensitization of BALB/c mice with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) or oxazolone (Ox) resulted in increased and prolonged CHS responses, indicating CD4 + T cells as negative regulators of the response. Depletion ofCD8 + T cells resulted in low or abrogated responses , indicating CD8 + T cells as the effector cells in CHS. Sensitization with DNFB or Ox induced lymph node cell populations of CD8 + T cells producing interferon (IFN)-~/and no interleukin (I1) 4 or I1-10, and CD4 + T cells producing I1-4 and I1-10 and no or little detectable IFN-~/. The polarized patterns of cytokine production were stimulated by culture of hapten-primed lymph node cells either on anti-T cell receptor antibody-coated wells or with semipu-rifled Langerhans cells isolated from hapten-sensitized mice. Stimulation of cytokine production during culture ofhapten-primed CD4 + or CD8 + T cells with Langerhans cells was hapten specific and restricted to class II or class I major histocompatibility complex, respectively. The induction of the CD4 + and CD8 + T cells producing the polarized patterns of cytokines was not restricted to BALB/c mice, as cells from Ox sensitized C57B1/6 and B10.D2 mice produced the same patterns. Collectively, these results expose the induction of two polarized and functionally opposing populations of T cells by hapten sensitization to induce CHS: IFN-~/-producing effector CD8 + T cells and I1-4/II-10-producing CD4 + T cells that negatively regulate the response. C ontact hypersensitivity (CHS) 1 is a T cell-mediated immune response in the epidermis to a reactive hap-ten covalently coupled to cell surface proteins (1, 2). During the afferent or sensitization phase, the hapten-specific T cells mediating the CHS reaction are primed by Langerhans cells (LC), which migrate from the sensitized area of the epidermis to the skin-draining lymph nodes and present hapten-MHC complexes to the peripheral T cell repertoire (3-5). Subsequent contact or challenge with the hapten results in cutaneous infiltration of the primed T cells …
Leucogranites and the Time of Extension in the East Greenland Caledonides

Leucogranites provide timing estimates for deformation, particularly extension, in many orogens. On this basis, the time of extension in the East Greenland Caledonides has been estimated at 420–430 Ma. U‐Pb SHRIMP (sensitive, high‐resolution ion‐microprobe) analysis of zircon and monazite from selected leucogranites was undertaken to establish the age of the Payer Land detachment zone, an extensional structure that places low‐grade metasedimentary rocks on granulite facies gneisses that record high‐pressure (1.4–1.6 GPa) metamorphism at ca. 405 Ma. Deformed equigranular granites associated with upper plate lithologies give ages of \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$426\pm 3$$ \end{document} to \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$413\pm 3$$ \end{document} Ma, consistent with the regional leucogranite suite. A second suite of deformed pegmatitic granites occur as sills and dikes with respect to the extensional mylonitic fabrics that are superimposed on high‐pressure granulites of the lower plate and therefore must be younger than the age of high‐pressure metamorphism at 405 Ma and the more voluminous 415–440 Ma granite suite. Older ages for both zircon and monazite indicate that both minerals are inherited components within the pegmatitic granites. These observations suggest that inheritance, particularly of metamorphic monazite from the source rocks, can make it very difficult to establish meaningful emplacement ages for leucogranites in the absence of corroborative evidence. Although multiple periods of extension are permissible, current timing relationships established in Payer Land suggest that much of the extension responsible for exhumation of deep‐level rocks in the East Greenland Caledonides is younger than 405 Ma.
Boundary Conditions on Quasi-Stokes Velocities in Parameterizations

Abstract This paper examines the implications for eddy parameterizations of expressing them in terms of the quasi-Stokes velocity. Another definition of low-passed time-averaged mean density (the modified mean) must be used, which is the inversion of the mean depth of a given isopycnal. This definition naturally yields lighter (denser) fluid at the surface (floor) than the Eulerian mean since fluid with these densities occasionally occurs at these locations. The difference between the two means is second order in perturbation amplitude, and so small, in the fluid interior (where formulas to connect the two exist). Near horizontal boundaries, the differences become first order, and so more severe. Existing formulas for quasi-Stokes velocities and streamfunction also break down here. It is shown that the low-passed time-mean potential energy in a closed box is incorrectly computed from modified mean density, the error term involving averaged quadratic variability. The layer in which the largest differences .
Preliminary treatment of MSW fly ash as a way of improving electrodialytic remediation

In the current work electrodialytic remediation (EDR) was applied to remove heavy metals from municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash, a hazardous waste collected during flue gas treatment. Tests were conducted to evaluate if EDR could be improved by introducing a preliminary treatment in which very soluble salts were removed. Three different preliminary treatments were conducted with different L:S ratios and pH. Treatment in which metal release and L/S ratio were lower was selected for EDR. Electrodialytic remediation was performed at a constant current of 38 mA, for 14 days, using gluconate as a solubilisation enhancement agent. Conductivity and pH were monitored and electrolyte samples were collected every 4 days to evaluate metal release over time. It was found that the preliminary treatment reduces fouling of the ion-exchange membranes used in EDR and drastically increases the removal of metals. Remediation time was also considerably reduced. Additionally, preliminary washing reduces energy consumption during EDR, since electric current is not wasted in the transport of soluble salts. Sequential extraction was performed in the untreated and treated samples to help identify how metals are bond to the fly ash. It was seen that at the end metals are mainly found in the strongly bonded and residual phases. This indicates that the combined treatment (washing + EDR) is successful in reducing the environmental risk posed by fly ash.
Dipolar redistribution of summertime tropical cyclone genesis between the Philippine Sea and the northern South China Sea and its possible mechanisms

[1] Recent observational records show that the dipole oscillation between the Philippine Sea (PS) and the northern South China Sea (nSCS) is a leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of summertime tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the western North Pacific (WNP). This PS-nSCS oscillation is characterized by a distinguished decadal variability in addition to an interannual variability. Meanwhile, the typical El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related mode is found in the second EOF mode, which is predominantly interannual. With regard to the PS-nSCS oscillation, its interannual component appears to be linked with the previous wintertime ENSO event, but the linkage is not so robust in the sense that about half of its significant events are classified as the ENSO-related case, whereas its decadal component is coupled to a sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the central Pacific with its equatorial core near the Nino-4 region, which is flanked by an opposite SSTA on both sides along the latitudinal belt. Interestingly, this SSTA pattern resembles that related to the ENSO Modoki, and equivalently, the transitional phase of ENSO. The ENSO Modoki is regionally manifested by the anomalous zonal SST gradient between the equatorial western and central Pacific; thus the decadal modulation of this anomalous zonal SST gradient can be regarded as an actual forcing that forms and modulates the decadal PS-nSCS oscillation. In addition, the decadal PS-nSCS oscillation is compared with the decadal basin-wide TC genesis variation in terms of the Pacific SSTA pattern and the associated anomalous large-scale environments.
Information needs of post-primary school teachers in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

This study is aimed at identifying the Information Needs of Post-Primary School Teachers in Jos Metropolitan. The extent to which the Teacher's Information Needs as identified were being met by the Library available to them in their schools and obstacles faced in making sure that enough information resources are provided for the teachers were elucidated. The study covered 286 teachers in Jos Metropolitan. The survey method was used for the study. The Instruments used for data collection were questionnaire, interviews and examination of documents. Descriptive statistics such as Frequency Counts and Percentages were used to analyze the data. The Findings revealed that post-primary school teachers in Jos often preferred to have information resources in their specific fields, that text books are mostly used by the teachers, and there is a serious gross inadequate Library resources and physical facilities in school libraries in Jos. It was therefore, recommended among others that the school libraries should be supplied with current textbooks. Nevertheless, different subjects should be taken into consideration when acquiring information resources as to cover the needs of all teachers. In addition, Plateau State Government should install computers in the school libraries with full Internet services for the teachers. This will help the teachers to keep abreast with the latest trends in their fields of specializations. It was also recommended that the Government should properly fund its post-primary schools Libraries and also passes a Law, which will compel private proprietors of schools in the State to reserve a specific amount of money annually for development of their Libraries. The libraries should be inspected periodically to ensure that the library development fund is not diverted. Key words : Information Needs, School Teachers, Jos, Nigeria.
Do alcohol-dependent individuals with DRD2 A1 allele have an increased risk of relapse? A pilot study.

AIMS The TaqIA polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene has been extensively studied in relation to alcoholism, and the TaqI A1 allele appears to be over-represented in alcohol-dependent individuals. In a recent study, this allele has also been associated with a highly increased mortality rate in alcohol-dependent individuals. In the present study, we investigated whether the TaqI A1 allele of the DRD2 gene region was associated with a higher relapse rate in alcohol-dependent individuals. METHODS Adult women (n = 10) and men (n = 40) with a diagnosis of alcohol-dependence were recruited from two Swedish 12-step treatment units for alcoholism. Subjects were genotyped for the TaqIA polymorphism. On average, 1½ year after the end of the treatment program, subjects were re-interviewed by using the alcohol-related items from the Addiction Severity Index follow-up version. RESULTS Thirty-three (66%) subjects self-reported relapse and 17 (34%) abstinence during the follow-up period. Thirty-sex percent (18/50) were carriers of the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene region, and 64% (32/50) were non-carriers. Among the carriers of the A1 allele, 89% (16/18) reported relapse in contrast to 53% (17/32) in the non-carriers (P = 0.01; odds ratio = 7.1). CONCLUSION The present study is, to our knowledge, the first report of an association between the TaqI A1 allele and a substantially increased relapse rate. It should be emphasized that the number of subjects is relatively small, and this investigation should therefore be considered as a pilot study.
Heat Budget in the Gulf Stream Region: The Importance of Heat Storage and Advection

Abstract A simple three-dimensional thermodynamic model is used to study the heat balance in the Gulf Stream region (30°–45°N, 40°–75°W) during the period from November 1992 to December 1999. The model is forced by surface heat fluxes derived from NCEP variables, with geostrophic surface velocity specified from sea surface height measurements from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter and Ekman transport specified from NCEP wind stress. The mixed layer temperature and mixed layer depth from the model show good agreement with the observations on seasonal and interannual time scales. Although the annual cycle of the upper-ocean heat content is underestimated, the agreement of the interannual variations in the heat content and the sea surface height are good; both are dominated by the large decrease from 1994 to 1997 and the increase afterward. As expected from previous studies, the surface heat flux dominates the seasonal and interannual variations in the mixed layer temperature. However, interannual variations in t.
Effective Void Ratio for Assessing the Mechanical Properties of Cement-Clay Admixtures at High Water Content

Portland cement is widely used for the improvement of soft clay in many applications and construction methods. Because of the high initial water content of in situ soft clay, the additional water in the cement slurry to be mixed, and the added air in some applications, the mixtures have a high water content and void ratio in either almost-saturated or unsaturated conditions. The mechanical properties of cement-clay admixtures—including cement-treated clay and air-cement-treated clay—are affected by several parameters, e.g., mixing proportions, curing time, and the initial state of the mixture. To facilitate engineering decisions regarding mixing design and the development of a constitutive model, a single parameter that can characterize the mechanical properties of such mixed materials is advantageous. This paper recommends a parameter defined as the effective void ratio that could appropriately quantify the dependency of the mechanical properties of cement-clay admixtures on the influencing parameters on the basis of the results of unconfined compression, oedometer, and triaxial tests. The proposed parameter tends to capture the mechanical characteristics of cement-clay admixtures under different test conditions.
Ultramafic Breccias from the Musa Valley, Eastern Papua

Abstract In the Musa Valley area rocks of the Papuan Ultramafic Belt outcrop discontinuously over an area of 25 miles by 45 miles. The rocks are part of a folded layered sequence ranging from magnesian dunite and peridotite, chemically and petrographically typical of the alpine ultramafic suite, to olivine gabbro and bytownite gabbro. Agglomerate like breccias consisting of fragments of ultramafic rock in a variable matrix occur as irregular vent-like bodies in the peridotite and dunite and as horizontal sheets in a Pleistocene-Recent sedimentary sequence. The breccias are interpreted as vent and extrusive breccias resulting from the penetration, brecciation and local entrainment (fluidization) of peridotitic country rock by volcanic gases. Olivine alkali basalt was probably the parental magma responsible for the gaseous activity. The breccias show a sequence of stability fields for the assemblages mesh-texture serpentine and bastite (i.e. chrysotile and lizardite mixtures); antigorite; olivine and enstatite; and these are correlated qualitatively with variation in intensity of the brecciation process. Chemically the brecciation process was responsible for the addition of H2O, SiO2, CO2, Al2O3 and O2 and the removal of Fe and Mg from the fragmented rock. Minerals which are of direct crystallization in the matrix fluid environment include chalcedony, fibrous serpentine (chrysotile), magnesite, quartz, andradite, and garnierite. There is no evidence of the presence of an ultramafic, serpentine magma in the genesis of the breccias.
Caring for the Elderly at Work and Home: Can a Randomized Organizational Intervention Improve Psychological Health?

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ellen Ernst Kossek, Krannert School of Management and Susan Bukleley Butler Center for Leadership Excellence, Purdue University, Rawls Halloffice 4005, 100 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2076, Contact: ekossek@purdue.edu. HHS Public Access Author manuscript J Occup Health Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 February 01. Published in final edited form as: J Occup Health Psychol. 2019 February ; 24(1): 36–54. doi:10.1037/ocp0000104. A uhor M anscript
Antidunes on steep slopes

[1] When rates of subcritical flow are increased on gentle slopes, the bed successively produces ripples, dunes, and flat beds. Antidunes (defined here as all bed undulations for which the surface gravity waves are in phase with the bed profile) appear only in high flow rates and may be found in some extreme natural flow events. Inversely, on steep slopes flume experiment (S ≥ 1% approximately) flows are supercritical and antidunes are observed to appear just after the beginning of sediment motion and to disappear for high flow rates. Using data from new experiments, we seek to improve the prediction of antidune geometry on steep slopes. An equation for antidune wavelength was deduced from dimensional analysis and fitted to new experimental data. The equation was successfully evaluated using a data set extended to 167 values with data from the literature, obtained on both steep and gentle slopes. This equation gives results very similar to the usual analytical equation from Kennedy when tested on the results from gentle slope experiments but proved to be better adapted for antidune wavelength on steep slopes.