Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF YEAST AS WATER ADDITIVE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LITTER IN THE PRODUCTION STARTER BROILER

A total of 150 Anak broiler chicks were used to investigate effect of yeast in water on the litter management of broiler starters raised under the conventional deep litter system common in Nigeria. The study was laid out in a completely randomised design (CRD). Data were collected on the cost of yeast application on feed and water consumption, production and litter water and bacteria contents. Data collected were analysed using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2000). Results showed that yeast application improved daily feed intake, daily protein intake and daily water intake which were all significantly (P<0.05) different. Daily live weight gain, final and total live weight were also significantly (P<0.05) different as yeast application supported these indices. Feed consumption parameters were highest in the 2.0g yeast inclusion group while live weight parameters were best in the 0.5g yeast inclusion group. Litter water content and bacterial load were also highest in the 2.0g group.
Efficacy of fungal antagonists against leaf blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani (Ell. and Mart.).

Fungal antagonists were tested in vitro against the growth of the pathogen Altemaria solani (Ell. and Mart.), and in tomato plants against the leaf blight disease. Although Trichoderma harzianum followed by T. viride were significantly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth or A. solani . there was no significant difference between the effcctiveness of Trichoderma species in pot culture studies.
Antibacterial activity from medicinal plant extracts on the Staphylococcus aureus

Medicinal plant extracts including Rubus coreanus, Sanguisorba officinalis, Eriobotrya japonica, Prunus mume, Crataegus pinnatifida, Rosa leavaigate Prunus persica, Prunus japonica var. nakaii and Spiraea blumei were prepared for the test of antibacterial activity. Tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing of medicinal plant extracts was inoculated with cells/ml of Staphylococcus aureus and incubated at for 24 hours. The plate counting method and clear zone test were used to test inhibitory effect of the extracts. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was derived from the survival curves of S. aureus. The order of antibacterial activities of medicinal plant extracts on the S. aureus was Rubus coreanus > Sanguisorba officinalis > Eriobotrya japonica > Prunus mume > Crataegus pinnatfida. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Sanguisorba ofEcmalis on the Staphylococcus aureus was 2.5mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration of Rubus coreanus was 1.0%. Inhibition zone of Rubus coreanus, Sanguisorba officinalis, Eriobotrya japonica, Prunus mume, and Crataegus pinnatifida was 16.5mm, 14.3mm 11.0mm, 14.0mm and 12.7mm, respectively. The morphology of S. aureus cells treated with medicinal plant extracts showed damage of cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Severely damaged cells of S. aureus lost electron dense material and cytoplasm. This result suggests that medicinal plant extracts can be used as an effective natural antibacterial agent in food.
Changing patterns of transition to VET and from VET to higher education : the on-going Finnish VET reform

Since the 1990s participation in the Finnish vocational education and training (VET) increased by 10%, i.e. it became more attractive choice for young and altogether 42% of them chose it as their post-compulsory education by the fist decade of millennium. Thus Finnish VET seemed to be a success story in contrast to many other European countries. At present the Finnish VET is going through extensive multi-level reform efforts. The reform aims not only to change national qualification requirements, but also legislation, administration and regulation. The reformed model of VET should be implemented in 2018. At the same time the funding for VET education providers has been at stake due to recession since 2008. The aim of this mainly descriptive paper is to discuss the on-going reform ́s possible effects on progress of studies and patterns of transitions in Finnish VET (and from VET to HE), as well as to discuss the reform initiatives and effects of societal context for outcomes of the reform. In accordance, the paper explores transitions and compares how VET entrants of the year 2012 have progressed by 2015 compared to earlier cohort who studied in 2004-2007 in order to picture the situation before reform. The effects of the reform are discussed on broad terms utilising the approach of institutionalisation theory.
Economically important seaweeds

Seaweed industry is a promising and flourishing industry in India. About 700 species of seaweeds have been reported from east and west coasts of India and from Lakshadweep and Andaman-Nicobar. They belong to four groups namely green, brown, red and blue-green algae. At present the seaweeds exploited from natural seaweed beds are used for agar and sodium alginate only. They can also be used for the production of other phytochemicals such as agarose, carrageenan and also for fertilizer, human food and animal feed. Though many species of seaweeds viz. Gelidiella acerosa, Gracilaria edulis, Gracilaria crassa, Gracilaria verrucosa, Sargassum spp. and Turbinaria spp. are harvested from the natural seaweed beds, the fishermen involved in their collection are not fully aware of these species and also other economically important seaweeds growing in the vicinity.
Effectiveness of micronutrient application and Rhizobium inoculation on growth and yield of Chickpea

The field investigation was carried out to improve the inoculated Rhizobium efficiency by applying different micronutrients on nodulation, growth and uptake of N & P and yield of chickpea during Rabi seasons of 2006–07 at the Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. Fourteen treatments consisting combinations of micronutrients viz. Zinc, Boron and Molybdenum, with and without Rhizobium sp. inoculation, were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) in triplicates. Rhizobium sp. inoculation gave significant increases of 33.72, 26.11 and 4.56 per cent in nodule dry weight and 15.59, 14.25 and 1.90 per cent in plant dry weight at 45, 75 and 120 DAS, respectively. Among the two levels of ZnSO4, 25 kg ZnSO4/ha was found superior to 10 kg ZnSO4/ha for different studied parameters. Application of 10 kg Borax/ha was found better than 5 kg Borax/ha for chickpea. Seed treatment of Mo with 0.5 kg Na2MoO4/ha was found sufficient to meet the crop need. Rhizobium inoculation in combination with different micronutrients recorded higher nodulation, plant dry weight, grain and straw yield and uptake of N and P than the treatments of only micronutrients or Rhizobium alone. The highest nodule dry weight of 235, 616 and 1476 mg/plant was recorded with treatment of 5 kg Borax/ha + Rhizobium at 45, 75 and 120 DAS, respectively. The treatment with 0.5 kg Na2MoO4/ha + Rhizobium gave the highest plant dry weight of 4.22, 9.12 and 11.35 g/plant at 45, 75 and 120 DAS, respectively. The highest grain yield of 2977 kg/ha and straw yield (7111 kg/ha) was recorded due to inoculation with Rhizobium + 10 kg Borax/ha and Rhizobium + 5 kg Borax/ha, respectively. Significant variations in total N and P uptake due to Rhizobium inoculation and application of micronutrients were also observed and it varied from 122.83 kg/ha and 10.67 kg/ha in uninoculated control to 203.90 kg/ha and 22.02 kg/ha in 5 kg Borax/ha + Rhizobium, respectively.
Editorial: Fashion communication: Between tradition and digital transformation

We are happy and thrilled to introduce this thematic section of Studies in Communication Sciences (SComS), devoted to Fashion Communication. It was about two years ago when we first discussed the idea in Madrid: then we got the approval by SComS Editors, published the call, and eventually secured the outstanding collection of papers you have in your hands (or on your screen). A long and enriching journey, full of interactions, conversations, views and reviews, a journey that makes the scholar’s work so fascinating (even if, sometimes, not that fashionable).
Trophic Level, Food Preference and Feeding Ecology of Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus. 1766), in Hormuzgun province Waters (Northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea)

This study examined the ecological factors associated with feeding in Rachycentron canadum (cobia) in the waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Seasonally variation of stomach condition of cobia male, females, pooled and size wise were analyzed. In general, 577 cobia were collected (340 males, 237 females) (20–161 cm Total length) from Sept. 2014 to Sept. 2015 by the Ferdows-1 survey ship and from the landing areas in Bandar Abbas harbor seasonally. Our results provide the first estimates of trophic level (Tr.L) (4.32±0.76, mean±Se), consumption per biomass (Q/B) (6.13), and aspect ratio of the caudal fin (ARc.f) (3.1) for R. canadum in the Hormuzgan Province. We also found that bony fish made up more than 80 percent of the relative importance of particular prey (IRI %), indicating R. canadum primarily preys on these species. The immature group (20–40 cm,T.L), tended to feed on Penaeidae family, small crabs, and mollusks. Hierarchical clustering revealed that the frequencies of different types of prey could be applied to categorize the length classes into three levels. The result of this study revealed that the immature group and the 20-40 cm length class tended to feed on Penaeidae family, crabs, and mollusks. Also, we found that males generally fed more than females in all seasons and that R. canadum had an average dietary intake. The findings of this study can be used to prepare a food formulation for cobia that resembles the native diet.
The Biology of Plants

The Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology bring together scientists from all over the world to present and evaluate new data and ideas in rapidly moving areas of biological research. Each year, a topic is chosen that appears to be at a stage where general and intensive scrutiny and review are needed. Criteria for selection of topics are numerous, but they include the rate of progress in a given field, how recent research is highlighting connections between fundamental biological mechanisms, and the potential applications of the new discoveries to human health and society. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory selected the theme of The Biology of Plants for the historic 77th Symposium in the series. Plants are integral to human well being, and many species have been domesticated for more than 10,000 years. Evidence of plant scientific investigation and classification can be found in ancient texts from cultures around the world (Chinese, Indian, Greco-Roman, Muslim, etc.), whereas early modern botany can be traced to the late 15th and early 16th centuries in Europe. During the past several decades, plant biology has been revolutionized first by molecular biology and then by the genomic era. The model organism Arabidopsis thaliana has proved to be an invaluable tool for investigation into fundamental processes in plant biology, many of which share commonalities with animal biology. Plant-specific processes from reproduction to immunity and second messengers have also yielded to extensive investigation. With the genomes of more than 30 plant species now available and many more planned in the near future, the impact on our understanding of plant evolution and biology continues to grow. Our increased ability to engineer plant species to a variety of ends may provide novel solutions to ensure adequate and reliable food production and renewable energy even as climate change impacts our environment. The decision to focus the 2012 Symposium on plant science reflected the enormous research progress achieved in recent years andwas intended to provide a broad synthesis of the current state of the field, setting the stage for future discoveries and application. This is the first Symposium in this historic series that focused exclusively on the botanical sciences. The Symposium spanned a broad range of areas of investigation including genetics, biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, developmental biology, physiology, and population/ evolution studies at levels ranging from the single cell to the entire organismand from single genes to genomes; plant-specific processes and pathways featured broadly throughout the meeting. Effort was made to balance fundamental biological discoveries with applications relevant to societal well being including improved crops, fuel, and habitat.
First principles study of point defects in diamond

Diamond is well known for its superlative properties and, with the advent of improved growing techniques, electronic and optical grade synthetic diamond can be realised. Although this is a major step forward for the use of diamond in technological applications, the production of high quality synthetics brings new challenges to the gem trade: it is crucial to be able to confidently distinguish between natural, man-made and treated diamonds. In both natural and synthetic diamond, nitrogen is commonly the dominant impurity, identified in experiment in different forms. Nitrogen substitutes for carbon, and building upon the isolated single nitrogen centre, a series of complexes in progressively aggregated forms, sometimes combined with a vacancy and hydrogen, have been identified. For example hydrogen has been found in both natural and synthetic diamonds in the form of the 3107 cm−1, N3VH centre. This Thesis presents a systematic quantum-chemical study of point defects in diamond that incorporate a combination of nitrogen, hydrogen and a vacancy (V ). Focusing on the set NnVHm where n + m ≤ 4, the work is broken down further into isoelectronic defects (n + m = 1, 2.). The hydrogen atom(s) saturate the carbon radical(s) that are produced when the vacancy is formed and the nitrogen(s) replace a carbon radical. Ab initio calculations are used to model the structure of the defects, the electrical properties, electronic structure, magnetic interactions, relative thermal stability and infrared vibrational properties. As a key reference state of nitrogen, the hyperfine interactions of the simplest nitrogen containing defect, the single substitutional nitrogen defect labelled the P1
Courtship, Spawning and Social Organization of the Pipefish, Corythoichthys intestinalis (Pisces: Syngnathidae) with Notes on two Congeneric Species

and Summary Pipefishes (Syngnathidae) in the coral reef associated genus Corythoichthys were observed to provide field information on social organization that is subsequently compared with previously published observations of confamilials in aquaria. A second goal was to examine the hypothesis that, due to extensive male parental care, males are a resource limiting female reproductive success. Courtship, spawning, and social organization are described for Corythoichthys intestinalis and in lesser detail for C. paxtoni. Notes are also provided on the behavior of C. amplexus. At least the first and probably all three species have a social organization based on permanent pairing and monogamy. The selective factors that may have led to this social system are discussed. Zusammenfassung 1 Balz und Ablaichen von Corythoichthys intestinalis bestehen aus 9 Verhaltensweisen. Abfolge und Kompliziertheit des Balzverhaltens andern sich mit dem Heranrucken der Laichablage. Die Ubertragung der Eier in den Hautsack des Mannchens geschieht fruhmorgens uber dem Riff. Jede Laichablage endet mit dem Wackeltanz, wahrenddem die Eier im Hautsack festhaften. Mannliche und weibliche Beteiligung an der Balz sind gleich stark. 2 Balz und Laichablage der Arten C. paxtoni und C. amplexus sind ahnlich. 3 C. intestinalis, und moglicherweise C. paxtoni, bilden monogame Paare. Obwohl die Laichablage nur alle 9–12 Tage stattfindet, veranstalten die Paare taglich zu Sonnenaufgang eine kurze Balz oder Begrusung. 4 Vermannlichung des weiblichen Verhaltens kommt vor, ist aber nicht so extrem wie bei anderen beschriebenen Arten. Ein Vergleich in mehreren Familien von Riff-Fischen, deren Mannchen Brutpflege betreiben, deutet auf einen Zusammenhang hin zwischen mannlicher Brutpflege und dem Grad der weiblichen Maskulinisation. 5 Monogamie bei C. intestinalis ist anscheinend das Resultat mehrerer Besonderheiten der Laichablage: a) Mannchen konnen nur eine Brut Eier auf einmal tragen, b) Weibchen legen alle Eier eines Geleges gleichzeitig, c) die Periode der weiblichen Eiproduktion gleicht der mannlichen Brutperiode, und d) verschiedene Paare laichen nicht gleichzeitig, so das die Partnerauswahl begrenzt ist. Aus diesen Grunden scheint fur diese Fische Monogamie das tauglichste System der Fortpflanzung zu sein.
Effects of sea bass and sea bream farming (Western Mediterranean Sea) on peracarid crustacean assemblages

Benthic soft-bottom assemblages are good indicators of environmental disturbance, such as coastal aquaculture, considering their rapid response in terms of diversity and abundance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of peracarid assemblages to the release of waste from coastal farming as these organisms play an important ecological role. Abundance and species richness did not show significant differences between farm and control localities but did show a high spatial variability at the two studied scales. Non-metric multi- dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis showed a separation between farms and controls, indicating that peracarid assemblages are modified as a result of aquaculture activities, and some species such as Ampelisca spp. showed statistical differences. Peracarids, at both species and community level, may therefore be applied as helpful indicators to assess benthic effects of coastal farming.
“Imposter-Children” in the UK Refugee Status Determination Process

This article describes and analyzes an emerging problematic in the asylum and immigration debate, which I cynically dub the “imposter-child” phenomenon. My preliminary exploration maps how the imposter-child relates to and potentially influences the politics and practices of refuge status determination in the United Kingdom. I argue that the “imposter-child” is being discursively constructed in order to justify popular and official suspicion of spontaneously arriving child asylum-seekers in favour of resettling refugees from camps abroad. I also draw connections between the discursive creation of “imposter-children” and the diminishment of welfare safeguarding for young people. Further complicating this situation is a variety of sociocultural factors in both Afghanistan and the United Kingdom, including the adversarial UK refugee status determination process, uncertainty around how the United Kingdom can“prove” an age, and a form of “triple discrimination” experienced by Afghan male youth. Through unearthing why the “imposter-child” is problematic, I also query why it is normatively accepted that non-citizens no longer deserve protection from the harshest enforcement once they “age out” of minor status. Cet article decrit et analyse une problematique emergente dans le debat sur l’asile et l’immigration, que je denomme d’une facon cynique le phenomene des «enfants-imposteurs ». Mes explorations preliminaires demarquent comment «l’enfant imposteur» est relie aux politiques et pratiques de determination du statut de refugie au Royaume-Uni, et comment il les influence potentiellement.Je soutiens que l’enfant-imposteur est constitue comme discours afin de justifier la mefiance populiste ainsi qu’officielle a l’egard des chercheurs d’asiles qui sont issus des arrivees spontanees, pour favoriser plutot la reinstallation de refugies arrivant de camps a l’etranger. Je trace egale- ment des liens entre la creation discursive de ces « enfants- imposteurs» et la reduction des aides sociales publiques pour les jeunes personnes. Cette situation est rendue encore plus compliquee par divers facteurs socioculturels en Afghanistan ainsi qu’au Royaume-Uni, dont notamment le processus antagoniste de determination du statut de refugie au Royaume-Uni (DSR), l’incertitude autour de la «preuve» d’âge dans le pays, et une forme de «triple discrimination» subie par les jeunes Afghans de sexe masculin. En faisant ressortir les raisons pour lesquelles l’enfant-imposteur est problematique, j’interroge egale- ment pourquoi il est normativement acceptable que les non-citoyens ne meritent plus d’etre proteges des activites coercitives et d’execution de reglements les plus severes une fois qu’ils ont depasse « l’âge limite » de statut de mineur.
A new generation meat program in Australia within the Co-operative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation

The Information Nucleus flock (INF) is the central focus of the Co-operative Research Centre (CRC) for Sheep Industry Innovation. It is made up of eight sheep flocks across Australia that are genetically linked by the use of common sires. The objective of the INF is to measure a range of biological and production parameters and to produce heritability estimates and genetic correlations for a range of new traits. Approximately 100 sires are mated annually by artificial insemination to 5,000 ewes across the sites. Sires from various breeds are joined to Merino and crossbred ewes. Each year 2,000 progeny are evaluated for a wide range of meat production and consumer-relevant traits. Some of these traits are new and novel, such as the content of iron, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. Their measurement is designed to ensure lamb maintains its marketing edge as a healthy, nutritious meat so that it is the consumer’s preferred choice of meat. This paper will provide an overview of the program and highlight specific areas that are novel with respect to sheep meat.
Engineering the pentose phosphate pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of ethanol and xylitol

The bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a long tradition in alcohol production from D-glucose of e.g. starch. However, without genetic modifications it is unable to utilise the 5-carbon sugars D-xylose and L-arabinose present in plant biomass. In this study, one key metabolic step of the catabolic D-xylose pathway in recombinant D-xylose-utilising S. cerevisiae strains was studied. This step, carried out by xylulokinase (XK), was shown to be rate-limiting, because overexpression of the xylulokinase-encoding gene XKS1 increased both the specific ethanol production rate and the yield from D-xylose. In addition, less of the unwanted side product xylitol was produced. Recombinant D-xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae strains have been constructed by expressing the genes coding for the first two enzymes of the pathway, D-xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) from the D-xylose-utilising yeast Pichia stipitis. In this study, the ability of endogenous genes of S. cerevisiae to enable D-xylose utilisation was evaluated. Overexpression of the GRE3 gene coding for an unspecific aldose reductase and the ScXYL2 gene coding for a xylitol dehydrogenase homologue enabled growth on D-xylose in aerobic conditions. However, the strain with GRE3 and ScXYL2 had a lower growth rate and accumulated more xylitol compared to the strain with the corresponding enzymes from P. stipitis. Use of the strictly NADPH-dependent Gre3p instead of the P. stipitis XR able to utilise both NADH and NADPH leads to a more severe redox imbalance. In a S. cerevisiae strain not engineered for D-xylose utilisation the presence of D-xylose increased xylitol dehydrogenase activity and the expression of the genes SOR1 or SOR2 coding for sorbitol dehydrogenase. Thus, D-xylose utilisation by S. cerevisiae with activities encoded by ScXYL2 or possibly SOR1 or SOR2, and GRE3 is feasible, but requires efficient redox balance engineering.