Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awake Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery : Our 6 Years of Experience

Results: Of the patients, 29.4% (n=108) were female and 70.6% (n=262) were male. Mean age was 64 years (range: 42–86 years). In all, 37.03% (n=137) of the patients were defined as symptomatic. Asymptomatic severe carotid artery stenosis (≥70%) was diagnosed in 62.98% (n=233) of the patients. Mean observation time in intensive care unit following surgery was 2.84 (±1.20) hours and total hospital stay was 3.72 (±1.64) days. Restenosis was diagnosed in 7 (1.69%) of the patients during follow-up. Rate of cardiac events and stroke in postoperative early term were 2.94% and 0.72%, respectively.
Unusual mixed silica–carbonate deposits from magmatic–hydrothermal hot springs, Savo, Solomon Islands

Abstract: The volcanic island of Savo, Solomon Islands, hosts an active hydrothermal system discharging unusual alkaline (pH 7–8) sulphate-rich, chloride-poor fluid, with variable admixtures of Ca–Mg–HCO3−-rich fluid. Hot springs and their outflow streams precipitate a variety of deposits, including travertine, silica sinter and unusual mixed silica–carbonate rocks. Travertine fabrics are dominated by ray-crystal calcite, associated with rapid abiotic precipitation from a supersaturated solution. Sinter is produced by evaporation of thermal waters, and downstream samples contain preserved traces of micro-organisms, which potentially acted as templates for precipitation. Trace element chemistry of sinters and travertines includes anomalously high levels of Te, indicating a magmatic origin for a component fluid in the hydrothermal system. Springs are close to or at saturation with both calcite and amorphous silica. Increased contributions from the Ca–Mg–HCO3− end-member favours calcite formation; this fluid is of low-temperature origin, and as such is favoured by high rainfall. Mixed samples show cyclical changes between silica and carbonate precipitation, potentially as a result of seasonal variation in rainfall. Supplementary material: A spreadsheet of water and deposit chemical analyses is available at www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18495.
Characteristicsand determinants of child nutritional status in Nepal12

Herein, we examine characteristics and determinants of child malnutrition in the districts of Bara and Rautahat of the Terai region of Nepal. The sample studied consists of 5 10 rural children ranging in age from 3 to 10 yr. The Nepali children were found to have one of the highest reported prevalences of stunting (65% were <90% National study for Health Statistics median height for age). The study children were also 1 to 1.5 kg lighter when compared to US children of the same height. Fat deposits, as measured by anthropometric variables and Hb levels were also very low. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, district of residence, household income, breast-feeding, and several specific food items were significant predictors of nutritional status. Association with other factors such as caste and parental schooling, were not evident in multiple regressions. Boys were as likely to be malnourished as girls. Prolonged breast- feeding was associated with greater fat stores, but with reduced stature and low Hb values. Both landholdings and household income were found to be positively and significantly associated with almost all measures of nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr l983;39:74-86.
Modeling spatial distribution of pan evaporation based on quinat-variate thin plate spline function

Spatial distribution of pan evaporation(E_(pan)) depending on multiple factors such as radiation,(vapor) pressure and wind is a crucial parameter for geographic models and climatic models,and also a key to(environmental) management.However the weather observation stations normally distribute sparsely and irregularly on the ground.The techniques to interpolate available point data to estimate the value of any location is demanded.This paper introduces the process to interpolate monthly Epan data of 53 stations for the period of 1980 to 2000 to create 252 Epan surfaces in Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments of Loess Plateau.Quinat-variate partial thin plate spline models were developed in which vapor pressure deficit(p_d),net radiation(R_n) and wind speed(wind) were used as three covariate sub-models.GCV statistics indicate that the resultant evaporation surfaces hold high fidelity and smoothness.The lapse rates(evaporation changing rate with each covariate) showed that: the dependence of Epan on Rn has no strong seasonal trend although at the equinoxes it is slightly big,whereas the dependence of E_(pan) on p_d has an obvious trend with strongest influence in summer,and wind speed has more relative influence in winter.
Quantifying aggregation and change in runoff source in accordance with catchment area increase in a forested headwater catchment

There has been a great deal of research interest regarding changes in flow path/runoff source with increases in catchment area. However, there have been very few quantitative studies taking subscale variability and convergence of flow path/runoff source into account, especially in relation to headwater catchments. This study was performed to elucidate how the contributions and discharge rates of subsurface water (water in the soil layer) and groundwater (water in fractured bedrock) aggregate and change with catchment area increase, and to elucidate whether the spatial variability of the discharge rate of groundwater determines the spatial variability of stream discharge or groundwater contribution. The study area was a 5‐km2 forested headwater catchment in Japan. We measured stream discharge at 113 points and water chemistry at 159 points under base flow conditions. End‐member mixing analysis was used to separate stream water into subsurface water and groundwater. The contributions of both subsurface water and groundwater had large variability below 1 km2. The contribution of subsurface water decreased markedly, while that of groundwater increased markedly, with increases in catchment area. The specific discharge of subsurface water showed a large degree of variability and decreased with catchment area below 0.1 km2, becoming almost constant above 0.1 km2. The specific discharge of groundwater showed large variability below 1 km2 and increased with catchment area. These results indicated that the variabilities of stream discharge and groundwater contribution corresponded well with the variability of the discharge rate of groundwater. However, below 0.1 km2, it was necessary to consider variations in the discharge rates of both subsurface water and groundwater. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NATIVE VASCULAR FLORA OF BEHALI RESERVE FOREST (ASSAM, INDIA) WITH GLOBAL IUCN RED LIST ASSESSMENT OF TWO ENDEMIC SPECIES

The investigations of flora and fauna in Protected Areas provide important contributions to the knowledge on the status of unmanaged natural ecosystems. In 2017–2019, we studied the vascular plant flora of Behali Reserve Forest (Assam, India). The reserve forest covers 140.16 km2 area of semi-evergreen forest. We investigated the taxonomic composition of the flora and diversity of growth forms of species and habitats. In addition, we conducted global IUCN Red List assessment of two endemic species, Aristolochia assamica and Chlorophytum assamicum. We found that the vascular plant flora of Behali Reserve Forest consists of 281 taxa, including 272 species, one subspecies and eight varieties. They belong to 206 genera and 79 families. Among them, Pandanus unguifer was recorded for the first time for the flora of Assam. In growth form spectrum of vascular plants, trees, vines and shrubs predominated, followed by epiphytes, forbs or herbs, geophytes, annuals and parasites. The largest number of vascular plants was found in dense forests, while open habitats were characterized by the smallest species richness. Chlorophytum assamicum is assessed as CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D, and Aristolochia assamica as EN B2ab(iii). At the same time, there is a threat of reduction or disappearance of their populations. This is especially crucial for C. assamicum, represented by a single world population. Undoubtedly, further investigations of flora could result in an increase in number of the vascular plant flora of Behali Reserve Forest, as well as providing essential insights into population trends of several other species as per IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
Nutritional evaluation of cookies produced from pigeon pea , cocoyam and sorghum flour blends

Cookies were produced from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) flour blends. Ten different cookie formulations were produced. The cookies were evaluated for proximate composition, antinutritional factors and protein quality. The protein content ranged from 6.40% for cookies from 100% cocoyam flour (CF) to 12.97% for cookies from 100% pigeon pea flour (PF). Only four out of the ten cookie formulations had the FAO/WHO minimum recommended protein content of 10%. Low levels of antinutritional factors such as tannins, oxalate, saponins, trypsin inhibitors, hydrogen cyanide and phytates were observed. Diets made from cookies with minimum protein content of 10% were similar to the casein diet in maintenance weight, food intake, digested nitrogen, nitrogen balance, biological value and net protein utilization when fed to rats. It is concluded that cookies from the flour blends showed promise in helping to combat protein malnutrition in those countries where protein malnutrition poses a threat.
HRM Effectiveness in Older People's and Nursing Homes: The Search for Best (Quality) Practices

This article presents an empirical evaluation of the human resources management (HRM) effectiveness in relation to quality of labor and quality of care in older people's and nursing homes. The authors suggest that innovative policies, in terms of HRM and work design, increase the likelihood of lower stress rates and higher scores on quality of care. The data supply little empirical evidence for this hypothesis, which means that innovative policy practices have very little effect on the realities of stress, burnout, and individually tailored care. A question that arises from this is whether the search for best practices is then equal to a measure for nothing. This is not the authors' opinion. The reference framework for research must be turned round. This can be achieved by no longer starting from the normative (practice) theory but starting instead with excellent practice, which can teach researchers important content and policy lessons.
Annukka Hannula IMAGING STUDIES OF THE URINARY TRACT IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE URINARY TRACT INFECTION

The aims were to evaluate the occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children, to assess the frequency of significant ultrasonography (US) abnormalities and to study whether abandoning the use of voiding cystourethrographies (VCUG) is safe in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). We analysed reports on US and VCUG in a consecutive series of 406 paediatric patients and in a large population-based group of 2036 children with UTI. Based on the urine culture data, we analysed the frequencies of VUR and US abnormalities in relation to the reliability of the UTI diagnoses. Using a cohort of 1185 children on whom both VCUG and US had been performed, we evaluated whether US imaging alone is sufficient. In a follow-up study, we excluded 24 cases with major renal dysplasia or obstruction of the urinary tract from this cohort of 1185 children leaving a series of 1161 cases, of which 228 were randomly selected for follow-up and 193 (85%) participated, with a mean follow-up time of 11 years (range 6 to 17 years). The occurrence of VUR was similar among the children with proven (37%) or certain (36%) versus false (35%) or improbable (36%) UTI and decreased with increasing age. Significant US abnormalities were found in 10% and the frequency increased as the diagnostic reliability improved (15% in the proven UTI class and 8% in the false class). In the cohort of 1185 children, initial US was normal in 861 (73%), out of whom VCUG identified two cases of urethral valves and 40 cases of grade III to V VUR who could have benefited from surgical treatment, giving a figure of 42/861 (5%) for pathological findings that might have been missed if VCUG had not been performed. In the follow-up study, unilateral renal parenchymal defect was found in 22 (15%) out of the 150 patients who underwent control US, all except one of these being in patients with grade III to V VUR. Serum cystatin C concentration, estimated glomerular filtration rates and blood pressure were within the normal ranges in all the patients despite the defects seen in US. We conclude that VUR is a common age-related phenomenon in children and is not as closely associated with UTI as was previously thought. Children with UTI could be examined using US alone. Once obstructive uropathy and major renal dysplasia have been ruled out, the risk of longterm consequences in a case of childhood UTI is very low.
Populations for 171 Countries by Age, Sex, and Level of Education around 2010: Harmonized Estimates of the Baseline Data for the Wittgenstein Centre Projections

Data series on levels of educational attainment of the adult population consistent across time and space cannot be found as such, readily available, not in an aggregated form and not by age and sex. This is a pity because levels of educational attainment of the working age population are the main component of human capital that is used in many models, mostly related to economics, IT and health. Researchers at IIASA have developed a methodology to reconstruct and project levels of educational attainment (see Lutz et al. 2007) based on the information contained in the best source for the most recent year. An improved and increased version will become available in 2013. We are showing in this paper that it does not really make sense to keep the data as close as possible to those directly available datasets since a large majority of those suffer from severe flaws, hampering any trend and regression analysis on levels of educational attainment. We show how picking the right dataset for the starting year can be a real hassle and point towards the necessity to invest in harmonizing and mapping levels of education to facilitate academic research for the benefit of societies.
Kari Kaikkonen RISK FACTORS FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH FROM AN ACUTE ISCHEMIC EVENT IN GENERAL POPULATION

Specific prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) caused by an acute coronary event in the general population has remained a challenge for clinicians since the recognizable risk factors for this fatal outcome of an underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) may be partly the same as those of a non-fatal coronary event. This case-control study was designed to compare genetic and several other factors between consecutive series of survivors (n = 644) and victims of SCD (n = 425) from an acute coronary event. Only subjects with an acute coronary event verified at medico-legal autopsy were included in the SCD group. As controls, 809 subjects without any history of CAD, acute myocardial infarction or aborted cardiac arrest were examined. Subjects to the sub-studies were drawn from these study populations. The increased risk for SCD in the general population was associated with family history of SCD, male gender, smoking, cardiac hypertrophy and the severity of CAD. In the present study, 100% mortality was observed when all these risk factors were present at the time of an acute coronary event. In the subjects with a family history of SCD, the increased risk of SCD was correlated with the severity of CAD without any clustering of coronary risk factors, suggesting that genetic factors affecting the accelerated progression of CAD may have an important role in familial SCD. However, polymorphisms of genes affecting thrombosis, which are believed to have effects on plaque progression and the consequences of plaque complications, were not associated with an increased risk for SCD. The present results show that the risk of SCD at the time of an acute coronary event can be assessed by generally available methods. If a subject is a male smoker and has a family history of SCD, the risk of SCD is substantially increased. In our study sample the currently known polymorphisms affecting thrombosis did not have a major impact in risk stratification of genetic susceptibility for SCD. Simple association studies have clear shortcomings when they attempt to reveal genetic associations with complex outcomes and thus new research strategies are needed to elucidate the genetic background of SCD.
Symposium on ‘ Functional significance of micronutrient undernutrition ’ The role of zinc and vitamin A deficiency in diarrhoea 1 syndromes in developing countries

Of all the infections which cause death among children aged 0-5 years in developing countries, diarrhoea is among the most important (Fig. 1). It may account for 10-20% of deaths and is often the single commonest cause of death during the first few years of life (UNICEF, 1991). The importance of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) as a risk factor for mortality has been described for many years (Scrimshaw et al. 1968). Studies have shown that children who are undernourished (low weight-forage , low height-forage or low weight-for-height, or have a low mid-upper arm circumference) are all at risk of increased prevalence of diarrhoea (Tomkins & Watson, 1989). It appears that the attack rate is not particularly influenced by underlying malnutrition, whereas the duration of illness certainly is. Mortality rates in diarrhoea are often three-fourfold higher among severely malnourished children (less than 60% weight-forage) than among moderate or mildly malnourished children (Vella et al. 1991). While this information has been useful Respiratory iarrhoea-A//'
Does Financial Liberalization Spur Growth ?

We show that equity market liberalizations, on average, lead to a one percent increase in annual real economic growth over a five-year period. The effect is robust to alternative definitions of liberalization and does not reflect a business cycle effect. The channel of growth is both increased investment post liberalization which partially reflects a decreased cost of capital and increased factor productivity. The additional investment is largely financed by foreign capital leading to deteriorating trade balances. Some of the liberalization effect can be accounted for by coincidental macroeconomic reforms as well as financial development. However, our analysis shows that even after controlling for a broad range of variables, a statistically significant and economically important role is played by equity market liberalization. ∗ We appreciate the helpful comments of Wayne Ferson, Peter Henry, Ross Levine, Graciela Kaminsky, Han Kim, Luc Laeven, Michael Pagano, Vicente Pons, Tano Santos, Andrei Shleifer, René Stulz, Jeffrey Wurgler, seminar participants at the University of Chicago, Georgetown University, Ohio State University, University of Michigan, Boston College, the World Bank, and the participants at the American Finance Association Meetings in Atlanta, the Conference on Financial Systems and Crises at the Yale School of Management, the Western Finance Association Meetings in Tuscon, the LARC meetings in Monterrey, Mexico and the European Finance Association Meetings in Barcelona. Part of this paper was written while Lundblad was at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Send correspondence to: Campbell R. Harvey, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708. Phone: +1 919.660. 7768, E-mail: cam.harvey@duke.edu .
FIRMS’ INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN RESPONSE TO DEMAND AND PRICE UNCERTAINTY Catherine Fuss National Bank of Belgium

We estimate the effect of demand and price uncertainty on firms' investment decisions from a panel of manufacturing firms. Our uncertainty measures are derived from firms' subjective qualitative expectations and are very close to their theoretical counterparts. We find that demand uncertainty depresses planned and realized investment, while price uncertainty is not significant. This is consistent with the investment behaviour of monopolistic firms under demand uncertainty, as developed in Caballero (1991). In addition, investment plans are for a large part irreversible and firms revise their investment decisions in response to new information on sales growth, but not in response to resolved uncertainty. * The opinions expressed in this paper are solely our own and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the National Bank of Belgium or the European Central Bank. E-mail Catherine.fuss@nbb.be. Philip.Vermeulen@ecb.int. We want to thank Patrick Sevestre Anders Warne and Rafael Wouters for useful discussions. We thank Frank Windmeijer for providing us with the codes for the Windmeijer correction in dynamic panels.
The Determinants of Pass-Through of Market Conditions to Bank Retail Interest Rates in Belgium

We analyse the pass-through of money market rates to retail interest rates at the disaggregate level in the Belgian banking market. First, we measure the extent of pass-through for a total of fourteen products. We find that the response varies over loans and deposits and depends positively on the maturity of the product. Second, the launch of EMU has generally not resulted in more competitive pricing by banks. Third, we assess the importance of several biases and find that heterogeneity in price-setting behaviour should be accounted for in analysing the pass-through. Fourth, we analyse bank-specific determinants of heterogeneous interest rate pass-through. We find a role for capital, liquidity and market share and we relate these results to the various channels in monetary policy transmission and to the structure-conduct-performance hypothesis in banking.
The Cambridge survey of world migration

l. Prologue 2. European colonisation and settlement 3. Asian indentured and colonial migration 4. The great Atlantic migration to North America 5. Migration in Europe, l800-l950 6. Migration in Europe, l800-l950 6. Migration in Africa 7. Latin and Central American migration. 8. Migration to North America after l945 9. Labour migration to Western Europe after l945 l0. Repatriates and colonial auxiliaries ll. Migration in Asia and Oceania l2. Migration in the Middle East l3. Refugees from political conflict l4. Migrants and asylum-seekers in contemporary Europe l5. Emerging trends.
Influence of climate change on heating and cooling energy demand in Ireland

The influence of climate change on heating and cooling energy demand in Ireland is investigated using a small ensemble of regional climate simulation datasets driven by the ERA‐40 reanalysis data and by the global climate model ECHAM5‐OM1 assuming three different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simple relationships between commonly used temperature‐based indices and heating/cooling energy demand have been used. It has been shown previously that these relationships are highly correlated even though other parameters such as wind speed, sunniness and cost of energy also influence consumption. Results suggest that the heating energy demand has already slightly decreased in the south of the country for the time period 1981–2000 compared to that in 1961–1980, although the difference might not be a robust signal because of the relatively short averaging time period of 20 years and the model uncertainty, which is in the same order as the simulated changes. However, a clear trend of decreasing heating energy demand is predicted for the rest of this century using longer averaging periods of 40 years. Whereas air conditioning is not an issue in Ireland's current climate, a weak demand might develop towards the end of this century in the southeast of the country in summer. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society