Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earlier diagnoses and faster treatment of HIV in the District of Columbia: HIV surveillance analysis, 2006–2016

ABSTRACT To address high HIV prevalence, the District of Columbia (DC) Department of Health has implemented multiple strategies to increase routine HIV testing since 2006. Examination of delayed HIV diagnosis over time can demonstrate population-level impact of public health strategies to promote HIV testing. Using HIV surveillance data, we examined delayed HIV diagnosis in DC (stage 3 within 90 days of diagnosis), CD4 count at HIV diagnosis, linkage to HIV care, and time to viral suppression among DC residents age 13 and above who were diagnosed from 2006 to 2016. We used the Cochran-Armitage test of trend, Cuzick’s test of trend, and Chi-square for univariate analyses, and we examined factors associated with delayed HIV diagnosis using a log-binomial multivariate model. 7,937 DC residents were diagnosed with HIV and had available data. Between 2006 and 2016, delayed HIV diagnoses declined from 36.4% to 25.5%, median CD4 count increased from 190 cells/µl to 426 cells/µl, and median time from HIV diagnosis to viral suppression declined from 1,136 days to 84 days. Women, youth ages 13-29, and men who have sex with men had lower proportions with delayed HIV diagnosis. In the multivariate models, racial/ethnic disparities in delayed HIV diagnoses were apparent during 2006-2008 but not during 2009-2016. Continued efforts around earlier HIV testing are needed in DC.
Computational Screening of Metal–Organic Framework Membranes for the Separation of 15 Gas Mixtures

The Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations are employed to screen the separation performance of 6013 computation-ready, experimental metal–organic framework membranes (CoRE-MOFMs) for 15 binary gas mixtures. After the univariate analysis, principal component analysis is used to reduce 44 performance metrics of 15 mixtures to a 10-dimension set. Then, four machine learning algorithms (decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, and back propagation neural network) are combined with k times repeated k-fold cross-validation to predict and analyze the relationships between six structural feature descriptors and 10 principal components. Based on the linear correlation value R and the root mean square error predicted by the machine learning algorithm, the random forest algorithm is the most suitable for the prediction of the separation performance of CoRE-MOFMs. One descriptor, pore limiting diameter, possesses the highest weight importance for each principal component index. Finally, the 30 best CoRE-MOFMs for each binary gas mixture are screened out. The high-throughput computational screening and the microanalysis of high-dimensional performance metrics can provide guidance for experimental research through the relationships between the multi-structure variables and multi-performance variables.
Effects of esophageal acid infusion vs mosapride on distension‐induced secondary peristalsis in humans

Secondary peristalsis contributes to the clearance of the refluxate from the esophagus. Acute administration of 5‐hydroxytryptamine 4 (5‐HT4) receptors agonist, mosapride or esophageal infusion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) facilitates secondary peristalsis. The aim of this study was to determine whether esophageal acid infusion and administration of mosapride had different effects on secondary peristalsis. Secondary peristalsis was performed with esophageal distension with rapid and slow air injections in 16 healthy subjects. We performed two separate sessions with HCl (0.1 N) and 40 mg oral mosapride to compare their influence on secondary peristaltic parameters. The threshold volume of secondary peristalsis was significantly lower with HCl infusion than mosapride (P = 0.01) by slow air injections. The threshold volume to generate secondary peristalsis was significantly lower with HCl infusion than mosapride (P = 0.002) by rapid air injections. More secondary peristalsis was trigged by rapid air injections after HCl infusion than mosapride (P = 0.003). Infusion of HCl or mosapride administration has similar effects on peristaltic wave amplitude and duration of primary and secondary peristalsis. Acute esophageal acid infusion can induce greater mechanosensitivity to distension‐induced secondary peristalsis than 5‐HT4 receptors agonist mosapride. The data suggest that acid‐sensitive afferents are more likely to contribute to sensory modulation of esophageal secondary peristalsis; however, the motility aspects of secondary peristalsis are comparable between acute esophageal acidification and 5‐HT4 receptors activation via mosapride.
Association of mycoflora of soybean and its impact on seed quality

The present investigation was carried out in laboratory of National Seed Project (Crops) and Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The seeds collected from major soybean growing areas of northern Karnataka are tested for the association of mycoflora and seed quality parameters. The mycoflora associated with soybean are Colletotrichum trunchatum, Cercospora kikuchii, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer and saprophytic fungi are Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. Alternaria spp. Cercospora kikuchii, Fusarium spp. Penicillium spp. lead to quality problems, deterioration and germination failure of soybean seeds (Gally, 2006). The seeds collected from Bidar region recorded higher seed germination (84.87%), root length (20.51 cm), shoot length (14.67 cm), seedling vigour (2986) and lower electrical conductivity (0.275 dS m-1) and seed infection (14.00%).
LC478, a Novel Di-Substituted Adamantyl Derivative, Enhances the Oral Bioavailability of Docetaxel in Rats

P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux of docetaxel in the gastrointestinal tract mainly impedes its oral chemotherapy. Recently, LC478, a novel di-substituted adamantyl derivative, was identified as a non-cytotoxic P-gp inhibitor in vitro. Here, we assessed whether LC478 enhances the oral bioavailability of docetaxel in vitro and in vivo. LC478 inhibited P-gp mediated efflux of docetaxel in Caco-2 cells. In addition, 100 mg/kg of LC478 increased intestinal absorption of docetaxel, which led to an increase in area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and absolute bioavailability of docetaxel in rats. According to U.S. FDA criteria (I, an inhibitor concentration in vivo tissue)/(IC50, inhibitory constant in vitro) >10 determines P-gp inhibition between in vitro and in vivo. The values 15.6–20.5, from (LC478 concentration in intestine, 9.37–12.3 μM)/(IC50 of LC478 on P-gp inhibition in Caco-2 cell, 0.601 μM) suggested that 100 mg/kg of LC478 sufficiently inhibited P-gp to enhance oral absorption of docetaxel. Moreover, LC478 inhibited P-gp mediated efflux of docetaxel in the ussing chamber studies using rat small intestines. Our study demonstrated that the feasibility of LC478 as an ideal enhancer of docetaxel bioavailability by P-gp inhibition in dose (concentration)-dependent manners.
Association of Chromosome 9p21 With Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease Events

Background: Genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 is a recognized risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, its effect on disease progression and subsequent events is unclear, raising questions about its value for stratification of residual risk. Methods: A variant at chromosome 9p21 (rs1333049) was tested for association with subsequent events during follow-up in 103 357 Europeans with established CHD at baseline from the GENIUS-CHD (Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease) Consortium (73.1% male, mean age 62.9 years). The primary outcome, subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction (CHD death/myocardial infarction), occurred in 13 040 of the 93 115 participants with available outcome data. Effect estimates were compared with case/control risk obtained from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis [CARDIoGRAM] plus The Coronary Artery Disease [C4D] Genetics) including 47 222 CHD cases and 122 264 controls free of CHD. Results: Meta-analyses revealed no significant association between chromosome 9p21 and the primary outcome of CHD death/myocardial infarction among those with established CHD at baseline (GENIUS-CHD odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99–1.05). This contrasted with a strong association in CARDIoGRAMPlusC4D odds ratio 1.20; 95% CI, 1.18–1.22; P for interaction <0.001 compared with the GENIUS-CHD estimate. Similarly, no clear associations were identified for additional subsequent outcomes, including all-cause death, although we found a modest positive association between chromosome 9p21 and subsequent revascularization (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04–1.09). Conclusions: In contrast to studies comparing individuals with CHD to disease-free controls, we found no clear association between genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 and risk of subsequent acute CHD events when all individuals had CHD at baseline. However, the association with subsequent revascularization may support the postulated mechanism of chromosome 9p21 for promoting atheroma development.
Poly-ε-Caprolactone/Gelatin Hybrid Electrospun Composite Nanofibrous Mats Containing Ultrasound Assisted Herbal Extract: Antimicrobial and Cell Proliferation Study

Electrospun fibers have emerged as promising materials in the field of biomedicine, due to their superior physical and cell supportive properties. In particular, electrospun mats are being developed for advanced wound dressing applications. Such applications require the firers to possess excellent antimicrobial properties in order to inhibit potential microbial colonization from resident and non-resident bacteria. In this study, we have developed Poly-ε-Caprolactone /gelatin hybrid composite mats loaded with natural herbal extract (Gymnema sylvestre) to prevent bacterial colonization. As-spun scaffolds exhibited good wettability and desirable mechanical properties retaining their fibrous structure after immersing them in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.2) for up to 30 days. The initial burst release of Gymnema sylvestre prevented the colonization of bacteria as confirmed by the radial disc diffusion assay. Furthermore, the electrospun mats promoted cellular attachment, spreading and proliferation of human primary dermal fibroblasts and cultured keratinocytes, which are crucial parenchymal cell-types involved in the skin recovery process. Overall these results demonstrated the utility of Gymnema sylvestre impregnated electrospun PCL/Gelatin nanofibrous mats as an effective antimicrobial wound dressing.
Ceramide Imbalance and Impaired TLR4-Mediated Autophagy in BMDM of an ORMDL3-Overexpressing Mouse Model

Increased orosomucoid-like 3 (ORMDL3) expression levels, due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been associated with several inflammatory diseases, including asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. ORMDL proteins inhibit serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the first rate-limiting enzyme in de novo sphingolipid synthesis and alter cellular calcium homeostasis. Both processes are essential for immune response. The present study addresses ORMDL3 protein involvement in macrophage physiology using an overexpressing knock-in mouse model. Ceramide content was notably different in the bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from the transgenic mouse model compared with the wild type (WT) macrophages. Our data revealed an alteration of de novo production of sphinganine upon BMDM activation in the transgenic mouse. Gene-expression analysis showed that alteration in ORMDL3 expression levels did not affect activation or macrophage polarization. Nevertheless, we studied phagocytosis and autophagy—crucial processes that are dependent on lipid membrane composition. Phagocytosis in transgenic macrophages was not affected by ORMDL3 overexpression, but we did find a reduction in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)-mediated autophagy. Both genetic and functional studies have pointed to autophagy as an essential pathway involved in inflammation. We believe that our work provides new insights into the functional link between ORMDL3 expression and inflammatory diseases.
Phase III, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 104-week study of subcutaneous belimumab administered in combination with rituximab in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): BLISS-BELIEVE study protocol

Introduction Belimumab, an anti-B-lymphocyte-stimulator antibody, is approved for the treatment of active, autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Rituximab, a B cell-depleting anti-CD20 antibody, remains in the SLE treatment armamentarium despite failed trials in lupus nephritis and extrarenal lupus. These biologics, which operate through complementary mechanisms, might result in an enhanced depletion of circulating and tissue-resident autoreactive B lymphocytes when administered together. Thus, belimumab and rituximab combination may be a highly effective treatment of SLE. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of subcutaneous (SC) belimumab and a single cycle of rituximab in patients with SLE with belimumab alone. Methods and analysis BLISS-BELIEVE is a three-arm, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 104-week superiority study. Two hundred adults with SLE will be randomised 1:2:1 to arm A, belimumab SC 200 mg/week for 52 weeks plus placebo at weeks 4 and 6; arm B, belimumab SC 200 mg/week for 52 weeks plus rituximab 1000 mg at weeks 4 and 6; arm C, belimumab SC 200 mg/week plus standard of care for 104 weeks. The 52-week treatment period (arms A and B) is followed by a 52-week observational phase. The primary efficacy endpoint is the proportion of patients with disease control (SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)−2K≤2, without immunosuppressants and with a prednisone-equivalent dose of ≤5 mg/day) at week 52. Major secondary efficacy endpoints are the proportion of patients in clinical remission (defined as SLEDAI-2K=0, without immunosuppressants and corticosteroids) at week 64, and the proportion of patients with disease control at week 104. Safety endpoints include the incidence of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs and AEs of special interest. Ethics and dissemination Within 6 months of the study’s primary manuscript publication, anonymised individual participant data and study documents can be requested for further research from www.clinicalstudydatarequest. com. Trial registration number NCT03312907; Pre-results.
Surgery for anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries: a multicentre study from the European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association†.

OBJECTIVES We sought to describe early and late outcomes in a large surgical series of patients with anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries. METHODS We performed a retrospective multicentre study including surgical patients with anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries since 1991. Patients with isolated high coronary takeoff and associated major congenital heart disease were excluded. RESULTS We collected 156 surgical patients (median age 39.5 years, interquartile range 15-53) affected by anomalous right (67.9%), anomalous left (22.4%) and other anatomical abnormalities (9.6%). An interarterial course occurred in 86.5%, an intramural course in 62.8% and symptoms in 85.9%. The operations included coronary unroofing (56.4%), reimplantation (19.2%), coronary bypass graft (15.4%) and other (9.0%). Two patients with preoperative cardiac failure died postoperatively (1.3%). All survivors were discharged home in good clinical condition. At a median follow-up of 2 years (interquartile range 1-5, 88.5% complete), there were 3 deaths (2.2%), 9 reinterventions in 8 patients (5 interventional, 3 surgical); 91.2% are in New York Heart Association functional class ≤ II, but symptoms persisted in 14.2%; 48.1% of them returned to sport activity. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, event-free survival at follow-up was 74.6%. Morbidity was not significantly different among age classes, anatomical variants and types of surgical procedures. Furthermore, return to sport activity was significantly higher in younger patients who participated in sports preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries is effective and has few complications. Unroofing and coronary reimplantation are safe and are the most common procedures. The occurrence of late adverse events is not negligible, and long-term surveillance is mandatory. Most young athletes can return to an unrestrained lifestyle.
Relevance of experimental paradigms of anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in the mouse

Routine general anesthesia is considered to be safe in healthy individuals. However, pre-clinical studies in mice, rats, and monkeys have repeatedly demonstrated that exposure to anesthetic agents during early post-natal periods can lead to acute neurotoxicity. More concerning, later-life defects in cognition, assessed by behavioral assays for learning and memory, have been reported. Although the potential for anesthetics to damage the neonatal brain is well-documented, the clinical significance of the pre-clinical models in which damage is induced remains quite unclear. Here, we systematically evaluate critical physiological parameters in post-natal day 7 neonatal mice exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 2–4 hours, the most common anesthesia induced neurotoxicity paradigm in this animal model. We find that 2 or more hours of anesthesia exposure results in dramatic respiratory and metabolic changes that may limit interpretation of this paradigm to the clinical situation. Our data indicate that neonatal mouse models of AIN are not necessarily appropriate representations of human exposures.
Effects of hazard types on drivers’ risk rating and hazard response in a video-based hazard perception task

Hazard perception is crucial for identifying potential hazards on the road, and how quick drivers can respond to the hazard partially relies on their risk rating of the hazard after they detect it. Although many studies have attempted to reveal the relationship between drivers’ response latencies and their risk ratings, this relationship has not been extensively explored under different hazard types. The present study addresses this issue using a video-based hazard perception task. Forty novice drivers and 35 experienced drivers were recruited and 26 video clips containing either an overt hazard (continuous visibility) or a covert hazard (interrupted visibility) were shown to participants. Participants were asked to finish the hazard perception task first and then rated the risk level of the hazard when each video clip was replayed. Participants’ confidence in their answers for risk ratings was also determined. Results showed that experienced drivers responded to overt and covert hazards faster than did novice drivers. A negative and significant correlation was found between drivers’ risk ratings of covert hazards and their response latencies. Such a relationship was not found for overt hazards. More importantly, drivers rated the risk level of covert hazards higher than that of overt hazards, and higher risk ratings of covert hazards resulted in faster responses to these hazards. The findings of the present study indicate that hazard types not only influence drivers’ risk ratings and response latencies but also determine their relationships.
MAJoRCom: A Dual-Function Radar Communication System Using Index Modulation

Dual-function radar communication (DFRC) systems implement both sensing and communication using the same hardware. Such schemes are often more efficient in terms of size, power, and cost, over using distinct radar and communication systems. Since these functionalities share resources such as spectrum, power, and antennas, DFRC methods typically entail some degradation in both radar and communication performance. In this work we propose a DFRC scheme based on the carrier agile phased array radar (CAESAR), which combines frequency and spatial agility. The proposed DFRC system, referred to as multi-carrier agile joint radar communication (MAJoRCom), exploits the inherent spatial and spectral randomness of CAESAR to convey digital messages in the form of index modulation. The resulting communication scheme naturally coexists with the radar functionality, and thus does not come at the cost of reduced radar performance. We analyze the performance of MAJoRCom, quantifying its achievable bit rate. In addition, we develop a low complexity decoder and a codebook design approach, which simplify the recovery of the communicated bits. Our numerical results demonstrate that MAJoRCom is capable of achieving a bit rate which is comparable to utilizing independent communication modules without affecting the radar performance, and that our proposed low-complexity decoder allows the receiver to reliably recover the transmitted symbols with an affordable computational burden.
VERIFICATION OF A THREE DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODEL FOR A MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH WALL

In comparison to traditional retaining wall systems, Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls(MSEW) provide advantages of cost savings, relatively easy and fast construction, and good performance withregard to differential settlements.Behavior of MSEW is complicated due to the mechanical complexity of the component materials, interactions, and unquantifiable effects of construction method. Current design standards are based primarily on understanding of two-dimensional plane-strain behavior regardless of the 3D behavior and associated mechanisms. The objective of this research is to develop and verify a 3D numerical model that can be later adopted for studying the 3D behaviour of MSEWs of different geometries usingPLAXIS 3D. The numerical modelwas verified against the monitoring records of Wall 1 reported by Hatami & Bathurst (2005) at the Royal Military College of Canada.The model verification shows that the modeling technique used in Plaxis 3D is capable of capturing qualitative trends of the instrumented MSEW response, and in most cases quantitative values are in agreement with the monitoring records and predictions by Hatami and Bathurst (2005, 2006). Hardening Soil (HS) constitutive model would better simulate the stress- strain relationship for sand derived/ calibrated from tri-axial test. The linear Elasto-Plastic anisotropic geogrid model with secant modulus at 1.5% strain is found appropriate. Plate elementsused to model the facing are found suitable to simulate discrete facing blocks, as an alternative to solid elements to reduce complexity of the model and computation time. أصبح استخدام نظام الحوائط السانده من التربه المسلحه بالبولیمرات واسع الانتشار نظرا لفوائده الاقتصادیه بالضافه الی سهوله وسرعه التنفیذ. تعتبر اسالیب التحلیل العددی ثلاثی الابعاد وسیله فعاله لدراسه السلوک المعقد لتلک الحوائط والتمثیل الدقیق للتأثیر التفاعلی بین مکونات نظام الحائط من تربه وشبک تسلیح وبلوکات وجه الحائط وبالتالی تم تصمیم نموذج تحلیل عددی ثلاثی الابعاد باستخدام طریقة العناصر المحدودة عن طریق برنامج متخصص فی التحلیل الجیوتقنی (بلاکسیس) لتمثیل سلوک تلک الحوائط مع استخدام نموذج محاکاه غیر خطی لتمثیل التاثیر التفاعلی بین التربه والحائط. وقد تم عمل تحقیق لنموذج التحلیل ثلاثی الابعاد بالرجوع الی قیاسات الرصد الحقلی الخاصه بحائط الکلیه الملکیه الکندیه تم رصده عن طریق هاتامی وباثرست عام |(2005و2006) . وتبین حدوث توافق بدرجه مقبوله بین نتائج الرصد الحقلی وبین ما تم حسابه بنموذج المحاکاه.