Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV infections and AIDS in Poland in 2019.

AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of newly diagnosed HIV infections, and AIDS cases, and death among AIDS cases in Poland in 2019 in comparison to the changes in preceding years. MATERIAL AND METHODS Analysis of the epidemiological situation was based on reports of newly detected HIV cases and AIDS cases received from doctors and laboratories and the results of the annual survey of HIV testing conducted among the laboratories throughout the country. A dataset on clients from anonymous Voluntary Testing and Counselling (VCT) network was also used. The activities of the VCT are coordinated by the National AIDS Center, which collects epidemiological and behaviour data on people who come for testing. RESULTS In 2019 there were 1,551 HIV cases newly diagnosed in Poland (diagnosis rate was 4.04 per 100,000), including 144 among non-Polish citizens. The frequency of newly detected HIV infections increased by 28.2% compared to the previous year and was higher by 21.4% compared to the median in 2013-2017 years. The total number of AIDS cases was 95 (incidence was 0.25 per 100,000) and 15 people died from AIDS disease (0.04 per 100,000 ). The HIV infection was most often detected in the age group between 30 and 39 (36%) and among men (85,1%). Among cases with known transmission route, 73.6% concerned among men who had sexual contact with men (MSM). The percentage of AIDS cases diagnosed at the same time with HIV diagnosis increased by almost 8 percent points in comparison to 2018 (from 73% to 81.1% of all incident AIDS cases). CONCLUSION In 2019, the frequency of newly detected HIV infections increased compared to the previous year. All actions should be taken to provide medical care to people with newly detected HIV infection, including foreigners residing in Poland. Also HIV testing action should be promoted among total population. Initiatives should be taken to raise awareness of the risk of HIV infection and to disseminate methods of prevention of infection, especially among key populations. It is also advisable to integrate different data sources, the combination of which will allow to improve their quality, as well as reliable monitoring of key epidemiological indicators.
Stratigraphic setting of the metalliferous Rosh Pinah Formation and the Spitzkop and Koivib Suites in the Pan-African Gariep Belt, southwestern Namibia

In this paper a stratigraphic scheme is proposed for the Neoproterozoic Rosh Pinah Formation in southwestern Namibia. The formation forms part of the Port Nolloth Zone in the Pan-African Gariep Belt and has become famous for hosting two major economic base metal deposits at Rosh Pinah and Skorpion. It is characterised by the presence of volcanic rocks in an otherwise clastic-dominated sediment succession. Genetically, it is related to progressive opening of a failed intracratonic rift graben in the east (Rosh Pinah Graben) that was separated by a basement horst from a half graben to the west, which developed into the Adamastor Ocean. During early rifting, sedimentation started along the western flank of an actively rising fault scarp as alluvial fans, alluvial plains and fan deltas. The main rock types are arkose, dolomitised limestone, calcarenite, siltstone, mudstone and a variety of volcanic and pyroclastic rocks related to bimodal, predominantly felsic ~750 Ma magmatism. Sedimentation of the Rosh Pinah Formation began during a glacial period that is correlated with the global 720 to 750 Ma Sturtian glaciation. The Rosh Pinah Formation displays repetitive sedimentary cycles that reflect rapid deposition with intervening quiescent periods related to reactivation on basin bounding faults with subsequent thermal and mechanical subsidence. Sedimentary facies play an important role in the localization of sedimentary-exhalative and hydrothermal replacement mineral deposits as fine-grained anoxic sediments. While deposition of the Rosh Pinah Formation volcano-sedimentary successions was sustained in the more active parts of the basin, background sedimentation to the west is reflected by more distal deposits, ranging from planar laminated allodapic limestone to mudstone, followed by platform carbonates. In proximal positions, tilting of the rift shoulders led to partial erosion of the Rosh Pinah Formation and thus to intraformational breccias and olistostromes. The Rosh Pinah Formation is overlain by a regressive, siliciclastic succession, which has been interpreted as reflecting eustatic seawater fall in preparation of a major, probably syn-Marinoan (~580 Ma) glaciation. Finally the original geometry of the Rosh Pinah Formation depository was largely overprinted by intense ductile deformation during the Gariepian orogeny, which started ~580 Ma and reached its peak at ~545 Ma.
A 1‐year longδ18O record of water vapor in Niamey (Niger) reveals insightful atmospheric processes at different timescales

We present a 1‐year long representativeδ18O record of water vapor (δ18Ov) in Niamey (Niger) using the Wavelength Scanned‐Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (WS‐CRDS). We explore how local and regional atmospheric processes influenceδ18Ov variability from seasonal to diurnal scale. At seasonal scale, δ18Ovexhibits a W‐shape, associated with the increase of regional convective activity during the monsoon and the intensification of large scale subsidence North of Niamey during the dry season. During the monsoon season,δ18Ovrecords a broad range of intra‐seasonal modes in the 25–40‐day and 15–25‐day bands that could be related to the well‐known modes of the West African Monsoon (WAM). Strongδ18Ovmodulations are also seen at the synoptic scale (5–9 days) during winter, driven by tropical‐extra‐tropical teleconnections through the propagation of a baroclinic wave train‐like structure and intrusion of air originating from higher altitude and latitude. δ18Ovalso reveals a significant diurnal cycle, which reflects mixing process between the boundary layer and the free atmosphere during the dry season, and records the propagation of density currents associated with meso‐scale convective systems during the monsoon season.
The electric moho underneath Eastern Indian Craton

Moho boundary, discovered about a century back, is well established on the basis of seismological studies. Electromagnetic studies using very low frequencies, however, have not been able to establish this boundary due to the presence of highly conducting continental lower crust. Magnetotelluric lithospheric study over the Eastern Indian Craton (3.3 Gyr) resolves the lower crust and upper mantle boundary due to the absence of highly conducting continental lower crust underneath the craton. From the present study it can be speculated that a dynamics other than the plate tectonics possibly existed up to the mid‐Archaean.
Enhancement of ENSO Variability by a Weakened Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation in a Coupled GCM

Abstract A coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model is used to investigate the modulation of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability due to a weakened Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC). The THC weakening is induced by freshwater perturbations in the North Atlantic, and leads to a well-known sea surface temperature dipole and a southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the tropical Atlantic. Through atmospheric teleconnections and local coupled air–sea feedbacks, a meridionally asymmetric mean state change is generated in the eastern equatorial Pacific, corresponding to a weakened annual cycle, and westerly anomalies develop over the central Pacific. The westerly anomalies are associated with anomalous warming of SST, causing an eastward extension of the west Pacific warm pool particularly in August–February, and enhanced precipitation. These and other changes in the mean state lead in turn to an eastward shift of the zonal wind anomalies associated with El Nin.
Depth-averaged hydrodynamic model in curvilinear collocated grid

A two-dimensional (2D) depth-averaged model of turbulent flows has been developed in a boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system. Based on the finite-volume method (FVM), the convection terms are discretized by the Roe’s scheme of second-order accuracy, as well as the Power-law scheme. The governing equations are solved in a collocated grid system by the efficient fractional two-step implicit algorithm that is regarded superior to the SIMPLEC algorithm. The “time marching” technique has been used to obtain a steady-state solution as a limiting case. The new model has been applied to several problems including pure convection of a sharp step profile, side discharge into an open channel, flow in a meandering channel, and flow in a Parshall flume with supercritical outflow. Comparison with the available data shows that the model is efficient and robust.
Evaluating the Mind's Eye: the Metacognition of Visual Imagery

Conscious thoughts are fundamentally private and subjective, yet some types of thoughts are easier to compare or evaluate than others. For example, an individual's perceptions of the immediate environment can be readily compared across the sensory modalities. If information from one modality proves somewhat unreliable, perceptual judgments can be dynamically adjusted in favor of sensory information from the more reliable modality (Ernst & Banks, 2002). The immediacy of perception also allows for people to communicate with others to resolve potential ambiguities (Bahrami et al., 2010), such as when two referees must confer before deciding whether a foul might have occurred. By contrast, it is much more difficult to assess or to compare internally generated experiences, such as those resulting from mental imagery. For example, suppose that a participant is asked to imagine the appearance of the current president. From a third-person perspective, it would be very difficult to determine the precise details of the participant's mental image, or even to tell whether the participant had truly formed a mental image at all. This gap between first-and third-person perspectives has received considerable attention in the domains of psychology , philosophy, and cognitive neuroscience and volitional nature of imagery may help account for the intri-However, there is another core problem that exists from the first-person perspective of the imaginer. How can the individual know whether or not his or her mental image is accurate, vivid, or detailed, given that the mental image cannot be verified against an external stimulus or directly compared with the subjective experiences of anyone else? For that matter, how would a subject ever come to the decision that a mental image was inaccurate, as this would imply some type of access to a more accurate representation, and if such a representation were available, why would a mental image of that more accurate representation not be formed? This problem pertains to human metacognition (Flavell, 1979), that is, how do people know their own thoughts? There has been growing interest in metacognitive judgments of memory and perceptual decision making Abstract Can people evaluate phenomenal qualities of internally generated experiences, such as whether a mental image is vivid or detailed? This question exemplifies a problem of metacognition: How well do people know their own thoughts? In the study reported here, participants were instructed to imagine a specific visual pattern and rate its vividness, after which they were presented with an ambiguous …
Incudostapedial Rebridging Ossiculoplasty with Bone Cement

Objective This study reports the authors' technique and hearing results with bone cement reconstruction of the incudostapedial chain. The technique is called incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty. Study Design A retrospective analysis of the hearing results of the incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty was performed on 15 patients. Background Recently, bone cements have been available commercially, and their use in otologic surgery is increasing. Polymaleinate glass ionomer cement is a commercially available bone cement that can be used to reconstruct a discontinuity between the incus and the stapes. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients Disease-free or cleansed middle ear and mastoid and intact ossicular chain except for discontinuity between the long process of the incus and the head of the stapes. Interventions Therapeutic. Main Outcomes Measures Functional results of incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty. Results Of 15 patients, 9 achieved a successful hearing result (an air-bone gap within 20 dB) with incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty after 1 year. The mean preoperative and postoperative air-bone gaps were 32.9 and 14.3 dB, respectively. Conclusions Incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty with bone cement is a cost-effective and safe procedure that yields good hearing results in selected patients.
Distribution of large rock avalanche deposits in the central Southern Alps, New Zealand

Abstract Deposits from 46 Holocene rock avalanches, with volumes ranging from 1 000 000 m3 to 500 000 000 m3 , have been identified from aerial photographs of the Southern Alps between Arthur's Pass and Mt Cook. The rock avalanches occur mainly in the eastern Southern Alps, in Torlesse Supergroup rocks. Rock avalanches are rare in schist terrain. Rock avalanching is a significant slope process in the Southern Alps. In the last 2000 years, 19 large rock avalanches have moved about 1 000 000 000 m3 of material; equivalent to an areally averaged erosion rate of 100 t/km2 per year, although the material is seldom moved far from its source. Rock avalanche deposits may be a significant sediment source for major rivers in the Southern Alps. The average annual yield of 36 000 t from a rock avalanche in the Jollie River is more than the measured annual sediment yield of the river.
Magnesium sulphate versus diazepam for eclampsia.

BACKGROUND A number of different anticonvulsants are used to control eclamptic fits and to prevent future seizures. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of magnesium sulphate compared with diazepam when used for the care of women with eclampsia. Magnesium sulphate is compared with phenytoin and with lytic cocktail (in preparation) in other Cochrane reviews. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth trials register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, 1999 Issue 3. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing magnesium sulphate (intravenous or intramuscular administration) with diazepam for women with a clinical diagnosis of eclampsia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Trial quality was assessed and data extraction was done by the two reviewers. MAIN RESULTS Five trials involving 1236 women were included. Most of these trials were of good quality. Magnesium sulphate was associated with a substantial reduction in the recurrence of convulsions, when compared to diazepam (relative risk 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.35 to 0.58). Maternal mortality was also reduced, although this difference was borderline for statistical significance (relative risk 0.60, 95% CI 0.36-1.00). There are no differences in any other measures of outcome, except for fewer Apgar scores <7 at five minutes (relative risk 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.94) and in length of stay in SCBU >7 days (relative risk 0. 66, 95% CI 0.46-0.95) associated with magnesium sulphate. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Magnesium sulphate appears to be substantially more effective than diazepam for treatment of eclampsia.
Dural Sinus Thrombosis after Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma using Suboccipital Retrosigmoid Approach - Thrombosis Classi�cation and Management Proposal.

Objective Dural sinus thrombosis is one of the complications after posterior fossa surgery. However, that topic is not described well with regard to vestibular schwannoma surgery using the unique suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. Methods We analyzed retrospectively medical records and radiological investigations of 116 patients. The including criteria were: histopathologically con�rmed vestibular schwannoma operated on using the retrosigmoid approach, preoperative and postoperative contrast enhanced MRI, at least 1-year follow-up. Results The patient group included 36% males, 64% females. The average age was 47.3±13.9 years. 60% of tumors were classi�ed as T4b according to the Hannover scale and their mean volume was 13.73±10.28 cm 3 . There were no signs of thrombosis preoperatively. In 26 (22%) cases, postoperative changes in the dural sinuses were found. In 7 (27%) cases there was an external compression by the hemostatic agent, in 19 (73%) cases a thrombus was visualized in the sinus lumen. The size of the sinus, age, tumor size were not risk factors for thrombosis, whereas an intraoperative sinus injury was a statistically signi�cant risk factor (p=0.0012). All of the patients diagnosed with thrombosis were in good clinical condition in distant follow-up (mRankin=0). Complete recanalization was observed in 58% of cases after 1-year follow-up. dural �nding schwannoma surgery dural
Assessing Errors and Accuracy in Dew‐Point Potentiometer and Pressure Plate Extractor Meaurements

Soil water potential can be determined quickly with a WP4 device, which uses a chilled mirror dew point technique. The instrument can be used to check the soil water potential of samples drained in a porous plate extractor (PPE). However, soil water potential measured in both devices on the same soil sample may not be in agreement, mainly in the wet-end of the water retention curve. This work investigates this problem, and further evaluates how equilibrating soil samples in a PPE with different permeable material at the sample bottom (filter paper [FP], polyester fabric [PE], and synthetic knitwear [SK]) affects the final water potential. Soil samples (soil fraction <2 mm) of an Ultisol and an Oxisol were drained at 0.5 and 1.5 MPa pressure in a PPE and the water potential of these samples was measured in a WP4. Another fraction of the same soil was used to obtain a WP4 water retention curve. The permeable materials caused large differences in water retention at 0.5 MPa pressure (0.006 g g⁻¹ in the Oxisol and 0.021 g g⁻¹ in the Ultisol), and the FP allowed more water drainage than PE and SK, indicating the latter two should be avoided when using a PPE to determine water extraction. In both soils, the water potential measured in the WP4 was lower than −0.5 MPa for samples under 0.5 MPa pressure and greater than −1.5 MPa for samples under 1.5 MPa pressure. The increase of residual (fitted minus measured) in the WP4 water retention curve indicated that above −0.7 MPa the precision of WP4 measurements decreased drastically.
Predicting the diversion length of capillary barriers using steady state and transient state numerical modeling: case study of the Saint-Tite-des-Caps landfill final cover

Covers with capillary barrier effect (CCBE) have already been proposed to meet regulatory requirements for landfill final covers. Modeling of CCBE can be a relatively complex and time-consuming task. Simpler, albeit conservative, design tools — such as steady state numerical analyses — can, in certain cases, be justified and have a positive impact in practice. In this study, numerical simulations were performed of the experimental CCBE constructed on the Saint-Tite-des-Caps landfill (Quebec). The CCBE consists of a capillary barrier, composed of sand and gravel, on top of which a layer of deinking by-products (DBP) was installed as a protective layer (also to control seepage). The addition of a protective layer over the infiltration control layer (such as a capillary barrier) is required in most jurisdictions. In many European countries, such as Germany and the Netherlands, a thick “recultivation” layer is required. The results of numerical simulations were compared with the in situ behaviour of the Saint.
Practicum y simulación clínica en el Grado de Enfermería, una experiencia de innovación docente

Se ha implantado la simulacion clinica avanzada en la Facultad de Enfermeria de la UCAM como metodo complementario de aprendizaje y evaluacion, dentro de los diferentes Practicum Clinicos. Utilizar la simulacion como metodo de aprendizaje y evaluacion por competencias en enfermeria asi como integrar la metodologia cientifica que ofrece el proceso de enfermeria con la practica asistencial simulada han sido los principales objetivos para llevar a cabo esta experiencia. Se utilizan simuladores a escala real (SER) que reproducen de manera realista un paciente con diversos problemas de salud. La metodologia de aprendizaje/evaluacion se basa en la reproduccion de casos clinicos basados en la practica asistencial en entornos clinicos simulados y controlados. Mediante diferentes sesiones los alumnos escenifican los procedimientos y cuidados en la sala de simulacion. Estas sesiones son grabadas en un sistema de video y visionadas en tiempo real por otro grupo de alumnos. Posteriormente se analiza la situacion de manera reflexiva por el grupo y el instructor (Debriefing). En las sesiones de evaluacion se evaluan, por parte del instructor y del resto de alumnos, las competencias asociadas al Practicum Clinico correspondiente mediante simulacion. La simulacion clinica es una metodologia complementaria util, tanto para el aprendizaje como para la evaluacion por competencias en los diferentes Practicum Clinicos replicando escenarios reales en entornos simulados con alumnos de Grado de Enfermeria. ABSTRACT It has implemented an advanced clinical simulation in the Faculty of Nursing at the UCAM as a complementary method for learning and assessment, within different Clinical Practicum. Using the simulation as a method of learning and competency assessment in nursing and integrating scientific methodology offered by the nursing process with simulated clinical practice have been the main targets to carry out this experience. Simulators at real scale are used to reproduce realistically a patient with various health problems. The learning methodology / evaluation is based on the reproduction of clinical cases based on clinical practice in clinical settings simulated and controlled. By different sessions students staged procedures and care in the simulation room. These sessions are recorded in a system of video and viewed in real time by another group of students. Then we analyze the situation in a thoughtful by the group and the instructor (Debriefing). In the evaluation sessions are assessed by the instructor and other students, the competencies associated with the corresponding Clinical Practicum through simulation. Clinical simulation is a useful complementary method for learning and assessment competency in the different Clinical Practicum, replicating real scenarios in simulated environments in degree Nursing students.
Heavy‐Metal Balances, Part II: Management of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in European Agro‐Ecosystems

The aim of sustainable heavy‐metal management in agroecosystems is to ensure that the soil continues to fulfill its functions: in agricultural production, in environmental processes such as the cycling of elements, and as a habitat of numerous organisms. To understand and manage heavy‐metal flows effectively, a consistent approach to modeling the flows is needed within the particular agro‐system under study. General aspects of heavy‐metal balance studies in agro‐ecosystems were described in part I of this study. In this article (part II), several European studies of heavy‐metal balances at varying spatial scales and in a variety of agro‐ecosystems are reviewed. Sectoral studies at the national and international levels provide information for economic analyses and generic regulations; however, policies implemented at these levels often ignore farm characteristics and individual management options. Field‐scale and farm‐gate balances give farmers specific feedback on effective options for better heavy‐metal management. Heavy‐metal balances could be incorporated in an environmental management system of certified farms. In this way, farm certification may well serve as a basis from which to develop policy to address environmental issues in agriculture.