Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social networking website-based learning activities to develop critical thinking skills among undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the use of social networking (SN) website-based learning activities can promote students’ critical thinking (CT) skills and their participation in course activities. For this, an educational intervention was designed and implemented through several stages, drawing from the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) learning design model. The intervention is a type of learning activity design based on the WebQuest model, and included open-ended questions and different SN website sources. In order to answer a given question, students were required to browse, criticise and evaluate the source content and present their thoughts in an argumentative essay. I adopted the design-based research (DBR) approach within a mixed methods research design framework to evaluate the effectiveness of the research intervention. Research tools included a CT rubric and student questionnaires as the quantitative tools; and observations, student focus groups and student reflections as the qualitative tools. The main study was conducted in one semester course (16 weeks) with 24 undergraduate female students at King Saud University (KSU), in the first semester of 2014-2015. The quantitative and qualitative data were analysed at the same stage, at the end of the semester. The quantitative data was analysed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pairwise Comparisons (post-hoc test) and some descriptive statistics. In addition, the qualitative data was analysed thematically using the research questions as a basis for the analysis themes. The intervention revealed positive findings in terms of students’ CT and argumentative writing skills as well as their attitudes. The findings also provide a deeper understanding of students’ perceptions of SN website usage and investigate the factors that affect students’ participation in these course activities. This study found that SN websites alone cannot promote student participation in course activities. SN website usage should be combined with other aspects/factors such as choosing activity topics, the teacher’s role in introducing and implementing activities and consideration of students’ time and other course’s requirements. This study contributes to knowledge by exploring how social constructivism propositions can apply to SN website-based learning activities to help Saudi students learn and apply CT skills.
Estimating the 18-Year Threshold with Third Molars Radiographs in the Southern Italy Population: Accuracy and Reproducibility of Demirjian Method

The estimation of the age of the majority of living subjects is widely required nowadays due to the presence of unidentifiable individuals, without documents and general information, involved in migration or legal procedures. Dental age estimation (DAE) is a valid method for investigating the age of subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Demirjian method in a limited age group (16–24 years) in differentiating between older and younger than 18 years. From an initial sample of 17,594 radiographs, 460 were selected meeting the inclusion criteria. Two dentists provided the age estimate according to the Demirjian method, with a simplified approach based on the development of the third molars. The presence of a developmental stage of H for at least one third molar allowed to establish the major age if the other third molars, inferior or superior, have reached a stage equal or superior to F, with an accuracy of 90.2% and a predictive positive value of 91.6%. Thirty-three patients showed the development of at least one third molar (Stage H) before the age of 18 years while six patients showed the development of all four third molars with root completion (stage H) before the age of 18 years. When all third molars reached stage H an individual was over 18 years old in 97.4% of cases. In presence of one third molar on stage H and a stage equal or superior to F for the other third molars the probability of being of major age was 91.6%.
FDI-based regional development in Central and Eastern Europe: A review and an agenda

: This review article re(cid:102)ects on thirty years of FDI-based development in Central and Eastern European regions (with a special emphasis on the Visegrad countries). The modernisation potential of FDI-led European integration is examined from a critical and comparative perspective. The authors argue that the resulting ‘Dependent Market Economy’ (DME) model has fallen short of its anticipated modernisation potential, while other, potentially lucrative development alternatives have been neglected. While early- stage bene(cid:101)ts were considerable, the development model now faces signs of exhaustion and an increasing number of contradictions. The paper builds on a review of international academic literature to describe the limitations and trade-o(cid:104)s of the DME development model, followed by an overview of three alternate growth paths for the future. In the macro-level perspective, it is argued
Quaternion $H$-type group and differential operator $\Delta_{\lambda}$

We study the relations between the quaternion $H$-type group and the boundary of the unit ball on two dimensional quaternionic space. The orthogonal projection of the space of square integrable functions defined on quaternion $H$-type group into its subspace of boundary values of $q$-holomorphic functions is consider. The precise form of Cauchy-Szego kernel and the orthogonal projection operator is obtained. The fundamental solution for the operator $\Delta_{\lambda}$ is found.
Lockdown worship in the Church of England: predicting affect responses to leading or accessing online and in-church services

ABSTRACT This study draws on data provided to the Covid-19 & Church-21 Survey by 2,017 Anglicans (clergy and laity) living in England to explore the experiences of those leading and those accessing online (pre-recorded and live-streamed) and in-church services within the Church of England between January and July 2021. The data demonstrated that for both those leading services and those accessing services, online worship was less rewarding than in-church worship, even as expressed within the context of Covid restrictions. Moreover, pre-recorded online services were less rewarding than live-streamed services both for those leading and for those accessing services. Among leaders, the return to in-church services was most rewarding for older leaders, lay ministers, Anglo-Catholics, those working in rural churches, extraverts and the emotionally stable.
Prediction of Tea Polyphenols, Free Amino Acids and Caffeine Content in Tea Leaves during Wilting and Fermentation Using Hyperspectral Imaging

The withering and fermentation degrees are the key parameters to measure the processing technology of black tea. The traditional methods to judge the degree of withering and fermentation are time-consuming and inefficient. Here, a monitoring model of the biochemical components of tea leaves based on hyperspectral imaging technology was established to quantitatively judge the withering and fermentation degrees of fresh tea leaves. Hyperspectral imaging technology was used to obtain the spectral data during the withering and fermentation of the raw materials. The successive projections algorithm (SPA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and uninformative variable elimination (UVE) are used to select the characteristic bands. Combined with the support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and partial least square (PLS) methods, the monitoring models of the tea polyphenols (TPs), free amino acids (FAA) and caffeine (CAF) contents were established. The results show that: (1) CARS performs the best among the three feature band selection methods, and PLS performs the best among the three machine learning models; (2) the optimal models for predicting the content of the TPs, FAA, and CAF are CARS-PLS, SPA-PLS, and CARS-PLS, respectively, and the coefficient of determination of the prediction set is 0.91, 0.88, and 0.81, respectively; and (3) the best models for quantitatively judging the withering and fermentation degrees are FAA-SPA-PLS and TPs-CARS-PLS, respectively. The model proposed in this study can improve the monitoring efficiency of the biochemical components of tea leaves and provide a basis for the intelligent judgment of the withering and fermentation degrees in the process of black tea processing.
Extended Multi-directional Crack Model Applied to the RC Precast Joint Interface with Shear Dowel

The extended multi-directional non-orthogonal crack model was applied to the joint interface area between RC members connected by shear dowel and the experimental verification was conducted in use of the low cycle fatigue experiments. The splitting tension field induced by the dowel action around the reinforcing bar is successfully reproduced with the coupled joint crack model and the beam finite elements, and the splitting tension cracking under cyclic fatigue loading and the joint degradation were fairly captured computationally. The effect of spiral steel confinement on the shear dowel performance can be quantitatively evaluated by the generic full 3D nonlinear analysis.
Pattern and Sensitivity of Bacterial Colonization on the Tip of Non-Tunneled Temporary Hemodialysis Catheters: Results of a Tertiary Hospital in Somalia

Introduction Bacterial colonization on the tip of non-tunneled temporary hemodialysis catheters (NTHCs) and associated catheter-related infections (CRI) is a common complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pattern of bacterial colonization formed on the tip of non-tunneled temporary hemodialysis catheters and their antibiotic sensitivity. Methods This retrospective analysis was performed in the HD unit of an Education and Research Hospital that follows up a universe of approximately 300 patients, primarily from Mogadishu, Somalia. From September 2020 to September 2021, a total of 137 temporary HD catheters were removed and their tips were sent for culture after there was a suspicion of CRI and other sources of infection were excluded. HD Catheter tips were cultured semi-quantitatively, and the antibiogram of the positive cultures was studied. Results Gram-positive cocci were found to be the most predominant bacterial organisms in positive cultures with 27 (31.0%) for Staphylococcus aureus, 9 (10.3%) for Staphylococcus haemolyticus and 5 (5.7%) for Staphylococcus epidermidis. We found Enterococci to be 5.7% of the isolated microorganisms. Gram-negative pathogens isolated included Escherichia coli 13 (14.9%) as the most common, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 (11.5%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (4.6%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found to be 9.4%. Gram-positive isolates showed high sensitivity (100%) to Linezolid, Daptomycin, Vancomycin, and Tigecycline, but a low sensitivity rate to Oxacillin (41.2%). Gram-negative isolates had the highest sensitivity to Tigecycline (100%), Imipenem (88.9%), and Amikacin (87%) but low sensitivity to Ampicillin (4.8%), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (23.1%), and Ceftazidime (7.1%). Conclusion We conclude that each institution should have its own antibiogram in the management of HD CRIs. According to our findings in this study, we recommend intravenous Vancomycin and Imipenem as empirical therapy in patients with suspected HD CRIs.
ETHICAL CLIMATES AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: A CASE OF NGOs OPERATING IN PAKISTAN

The study is focused on finding the relationship between different dimensions of ethical climate and organizational commitment of the employees working in NGOs operating in Pakistan. To test the hypotheses of the study, the primary data of 317 respondents was collected through an adopted questionnaire for which representatives of the researchers personally visited the employees working in different NGOs. SPSS was used for data analyses and hypotheses were tested through stepwise multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Based on data analysis, study found that principle and benevolent ethical climates have a significant and positive relationship with organizational commitment while egoistic ethical climate indicated an insignificant relationship with organizational commitment. Thus, by establishing principle and benevolent type of ethical climate, it emerged organizational commitment of employees working in NGOs can be enhanced. The study has some limitations including the cross-sectional design and geographical coverage. The cross – sectional design limited the results to a specific time, while data was collected from Lahore and Islamabad only as a result of geographical limitation compromising the generalizability of the results.
Inter-changeability Between Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and Scheimpflug Imaging in the Evaluation of Corneal Opacity

To compare the results of corneal evaluation, either the total corneal thickness and corneal opacity depth by both technologies AS- OCT and Scheimpflug imaging by Sirius Scheimpflug placido topography. sixty-eight eyes of sixty- eight consecutive patients with corneal opacities were examined by both AS-OCT and Sirius Scheimpflug imaging. Corneal thickness and corneal opacity depth were measured and compared determining the interchangeability using Bland–Altman plotting. Total corneal thickness was (470.32±62.10) and (463.47±56.47) by AS. OCT and Sirius Scheimpflug imaging, respectively (P value = 0.8). While the actual measurement of corneal opacity, corneal opacity depth was (135.39±119) and (85.45±128) by AS-OCT and Siris Scheimpflug imaging respectively with P value (0.004). AS-OCT and Scheimpflug imaging Sirius may be used interchangeably for measuring both total corneal thickness, while in the determination of corneal opacity depth. the AS-OCT is superior to Scheimpflug imaging in the accuracy of determination of actual boundaries of the corneal opacity.
Assessing the efficiency implications of renewable fuel policy design in the United States

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) has failed to achieve its original goal of inducing the consumption of E85 (with up to 74% blend in gasoline) even though the market share of flexfuel vehicle is significant. Blenders chose to comply with the RFS mandate by increasing the blending of biomass-based biodiesel beyond originally-targeted levels, instead of creating market demand for E85 by pricing E85 at an energy-equivalent level with E10 fuel for flex-fuel vehicle owners in the US. This paper develops a welfare-economic framework and a simulation model to analyze the implications of the design of the RFS (specifically, its nested structure, and the accompanying cellulosic waiver credit and biodiesel tax credit) for the mix of biofuels blended and for social welfare. We show that the RFS’s flexibility for achieving compliance reduced incentives for the higher blend of corn ethanol and cellulosic ethanol and led to an overall blend wall for ethanol. It led to E85 being priced 15 % higher than the energy-equivalent price of E10. The flexibility indeed increases social welfare by $564 million in 2017 relative to otherwise, but it imposed a compliance cost of $ 2.8 billion on taxpayers and marginal effect on the GHG emission reduction. Our analysis informs policymakers about the policy changes needed to overcome the blend wall, to generate demand for second-generation biofuels, and to significantly decrease gasoline consumption in the US.
Visual Sensing System to Investigate Self-Propelled Motion and Internal Color of Multiple Aqueous Droplets

This study proposes a visual sensing system to investigate the self-propelled motions of droplets. In the visual sensing of self-propelled droplets, large field-of-view and high-resolution images are both required to investigate the behaviors of multiple droplets as well as chemical reactions in the droplets. Therefore, we developed a view-expansive microscope system using a color camera head to investigate these chemical reactions; in the system, we implemented an image processing algorithm to detect the behaviors of droplets over a large field of view. We conducted motion tracking and color identification experiments on the self-propelled droplets to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system is able to detect the location and color of each self-propelled droplet in a large-area image.
Effect of Ozone on Bond Strength of Different Restorative Materials to Enamel and Dentin

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to examine the effects of ozone treatment applied at two different times, followed by the in vitro application of a reductant solution, on the shear bond strength of four different restorative materials to enamel and dentin. A total of 400 caries-free human molar teeth were randomly divided into enamel and dentin groups, and each was divided into five subgroups. The O20 group received 20-s ozone, O20 + R received 20-s ozone+reductant solution, O80 received 80-s ozone, O80 + R received 80-s ozone+reductant solution, and C was the control group. Each subgroup was then divided into four more subgroups based on restorative material (i.e., nanohybrid resin composite, silorane-based microhybrid resin composite, compomer, or conventional capsulated glass ionomer cement). After water storage for seven days, shear bond-strength data (MPa) were measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture, and failure types were examined. The effects of ozone and ozone+reductant applications on enamel and dentin were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Bond strength data were statistically evaluated using a three-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test (a = 0.05). The bond strength of the control group was like that of the O20 group (p > 0.05), but it was higher than all other groups regardless of the type of restorative material or tooth structure (p < 0.05). Adhesive-type failures were found in most groups. Via SEM examinations, it was observed that ozone applications did not change the enamel morphology, but they did cause narrowing of the dentinal tubule openings in O80 + R.
Comparison of the Effect of Heparinized Normal Saline Solution Versus Saline Solutions in Arterial and Central Venous Catheters on Complete Blood Count After Cardiac Surgery

Background Heparinized and saline solutions can prevent clot formation in arterial and central venous catheters. However, heparin can decrease the platelet count and induce thrombocytopenia. Patients undergoing cardiac surgeries are more likely to develop heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of heparinized and saline solutions of arterial and central venous catheters on complete blood count (CBC) after cardiac surgery. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 100 participants. All subjects underwent cardiac surgery at Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Patients were randomly divided into two groups intervention (A) for whom heparinized normal saline solution was used to maintain central arterial and venous catheters, and control (B) for whom normal saline solution was used. The CBC of subjects was monitored for three days (before surgery and the first and second days after surgery). Results In the present study, there were no significant differences between CBC, white blood cell differential count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and international normalized ratio in groups A and B. However, we found significant differences in platelet count (P = 0.049), red blood cell count (P = 0.0001), hemoglobin (P = 0.0001), and hematocrit (P = 0.0001) between before surgery and the second day after surgery in group A. Platelet count (P = 0.027) and PTT (P = 0.0001) before and after surgery were significantly different in group B. Conclusions According to the results of this study, normal saline solution catheters have fewer side effects and can be a suitable replacement for heparinized catheters.
Modeling fruit and vegetable consumption in Serbia

Although regular intake of fruits and vegetables has an essential role in a healthy diet and well-being, a majority of consumers in Serbia have a suboptimal intake of these groceries. To understand the main determinants of this unsatisfactory situation, the study tested an extended model of the theory of planned behavior intending to suggest necessary steps for improving fruits and vegetables daily intake. This theory, extended for the role of knowledge, was tested using structural equation modeling. Fit indices confirmed the utility of this extended model of the theory of planned behavior in explaining consumers' behavior as well as the mediating role of behavioral intentions. Serbia, as one of the central developing countries in the Balkans, was chosen to test the model with the possibility of applying it to other developing countries facing malnutrition. Data were collected in North Serbia, through an online survey (n=688). Despite consumers' high awareness of fruits and vegetables' beneficial health effects, the influence of consumers' knowledge only is not sufficient to trigger behavioral changes. Consumers' intentions and behavior should be influenced indirectly, by changing their attitudes and subjective norms. All custom-made activities promoting a higher fruit and vegetable intake should consider the present findings to achieve a bigger effect on behavioral changes among consumers.
Business Development Strategy on Traditional Coconut Oil (Lengis Tanusan) Production during the Covid-19 Outbreak

Covid-19 outbreak leads to various issues in the traditional coconut oil business. A low-level purchasing power, low-level production of the oil, and poor marketing skill contribute to hindrances in running the business. This study aimed to investigate the business development strategy of traditional coconut oil during the Covid-19 outbreak in Sulang Village. Eight key informants participated in this study. Data was collected through the in-depth interview, documentation, and observation and analyzed through the SWOT dan QSPM analysis. Results revealed that the internal factors that play as the strength factor in this business were the unique savory taste of the traditional coconut oil, while the weakness factor was the low production of the oil during the Covid-19 outbreak. The external factor identified as the opportunity in this business was its close location to Paksebali and Pasek Gunaksa market. The threat factor found was the healthy lifestyle that tended to recommend a low fatty food diet. According to the alternative strategy analysis, there were 11 strategies found in developing and maintaining the traditional coconut oil business in Sulang Village. Consignments with merchants around Tukad Yeh Unda was selected as the priority strategy to maintain and improve this business. Strategies listed in this study expected to be a recommendation for the traditional coconut oil owners to manage their business during the Covid-19 outbreak.