Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Rainband Processes Leading to Secondary Eyewall Formation in a Model Simulation of Hurricane Matthew (2016)

The dynamics of an asymmetric rainband complex leading into secondary eyewall formation (SEF) are examined in a simulation of Hurricane Matthew (2016), with particular focus on the tangential wind field evolution. Prior to SEF, the storm experiences an axisymmetric broadening of the tangential wind field as a stationary rainband complex in the downshear quadrants intensifies. The axisymmetric acceleration pattern that causes this broadening is an inward-descending structure of positive acceleration nearly 100 km wide in radial extent and maximizes in the low levels near 50 km radius. Vertical advection from convective updrafts in the downshear-right quadrant largely contributes to the low-level acceleration maximum, while the broader inward-descending pattern is due to horizontal advection within stratiform precipitation in the downshear-left quadrant. This broad slantwise pattern of positive acceleration is due to a mesoscale descending inflow (MDI) that is driven by midlevel cooling within the stratiform regions and draws absolute angular momentum inward. The MDI is further revealed by examining the irrotational component of the radial velocity, which shows the MDI extending downwind into the upshear-left quadrant. Here, the MDI connects with the boundary layer, where new convective updrafts are triggered along its inner edge; these new upshear-left updrafts are found to be important to the subsequent axisymmetrization of the low-level tangential wind maximum within the incipient secondary eyewall.
Lack of Time is the Consistent Barrier to Physical Activity and Exercise in 18 to 64 year-old Males and Females from both South Carolina and Southern Ontario

The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast Southern Ontarian and South Carolinian adults to examine adultsi¯ psychological, lack of time and physical barriers to PA and exercise. We also sought to determine whether any gender differences existed in the identification of prominent barriers to PA. In each geographical location (Southern Ontario and South Carolina), focus groups were first held amongst diverse groups to identify common perceptions and attitudes towards PA and exercise, followed by a more in-depth survey to quantify these perceptions and attitudes. Lack of time was consistently the most commonly identified type of general barrier to PA among adults aged 18-64 years, in both South Carolina and Southern Ontario. This was true of both males and females. The most commonly indicated barriers across both age groups and populations were: i°Other things are more important and require my time and energyi±, i°I have a difficult time finding the time needed to fit the gym into my dayi±, i°Once I get home, iti¯s difficult to find time to be activei±, and i°There are so many other things for me to do, iti¯s easy to make excuses rather than exercisei±. The only significant difference in responses amongst genders was in Southern Ontario, where females indicated i°inclement weatheri± as a significant physical barrier. Interestingly, negative perceptions of exercise (pain, lack of interest) do not appear to be significant barriers. Overall, lack of time, whether perceived or real, is the major barrier to PA in adults 18-64 years old. Examining and identifying perceived barriers to exercise and PA is necessary in order to develop successful intervention programs. Meeting the PA guidelines require creative methods with a better appreciation for personal preferences. This will help improve the way we promote, educate and inspire others to have the confidence to be more active.
Virgin Coconut Oil-Induced Neuroprotection in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats is Mediated, in Part, Through Cholinergic, Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways

Abstract Neuroinflammation is associated with neuronal cell death and could lead to chronic neurodegeneration. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The findings were validated using Wistar rats, which were fed with 1-10 g/kg VCO for 31 days, exposed to LPS (0.25 mg/kg) and subjected to the Morris Water Maze Test. Brain homogenate was subjected to biochemical analyses and gene expression studies. α-Tocopherol (α-T; 150 mg/kg) served as the positive control. VCO (100 µg/mL) significantly (p < 0.01) improved SK-N-SH viability (+57%) and inhibited reactive oxygen species (-31%) in the presence of LPS. VCO (especially 10 g/kg) also significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced spatial memory of LPS-challenged rats. Brain homogenate of VCO-fed rats was presented with increased acetylcholine (+33%) and reduced acetylcholinesterase (-43%). The upregulated antioxidants may have reduced neuroinflammation [malondialdehyde (−51%), nitric oxide (−49%), Cox-2 (−64%) and iNos (−63%)] through upregulation of IL-10 (+30%) and downregulation of IL-1β (-65%) and Interferon-γ (−25%). There was also reduced expression of Bace-1 (-77%). VCO-induced neuroprotection, which was comparable to α-T, could be mediated, in part, through inflammatory, cholinergic and amyloidogenic pathways.
Analyzing the patterns of lexico-grammatical complexity across Graded Reader levels

This study investigates the development of lexico-grammatical complexity in two levels of graded readers, beginner and intermediate. Using the linguistic features described in Biber et al. (2011), 58 graded readers were analyzed. Biber et al. (2011) proposed a lexico-grammatical developmental sequence based on empirical research. In this study, 11 of these grammatical features were counted in these two levels of graded readers. The graded reader corpus was tagged for the lexico-grammatical features, and a Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to account for the differences between graded readers’ levels. The results of the statistical analysis suggest that beginner graded readers have more advanced features of complexity than intermediate graded readers. Nevertheless, after close analysis of text excerpts, it is clear that this is a result of the register being investigated, with intermediate graded readers having more features of conversation than beginner graded readers.
Mechanism of submicrocrack generation in stressed polymers

Submicrocracks, free radicals, and endgroups of scissioned molecules formed in polyethylene, polypropylene, and polycaprolactam under uniaxial tension have been investigated. Measurements were carried out by small-angle x-ray scattering, electron paramagnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. The concentration of submicrocracks is almost the same as that of free radicals but is smaller than the concentration of scissioned macromolecules by approximately three orders of magnitude. The number of scissions per crack proved to be close to the number of macromolecules passing through the cross section of a submicrocrack calculated on the assumption of close packing. It is concluded that submicrocracks in stressed polymers are formed as a result of chain reactions of macromolecular decomposition initiated by the active end primary free radicals.
Antibacterial activity of selected plants extract against pathogenic bacteria and detection of phytochemicals

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the antibacterial activity of selected plants extract against Gram- positive and Gram- negative pathogenic bacteria. Methodology: Extracts of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica), rose petal (Rosa indica), amla fruit (Emblica officinalis) and clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum) were prepared in different solvents. Antibacterial activity against selected microorganisms was assayed using agar cup diffusion method, thereby measuring the zone of inhibition. The extracts with higher zone of inhibition were run on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plates. The presence of phytochemicals was detected using iodine fumigation method followed by contact bioautography. Results: The extracts of neem leaf, rose petal, amla fruit and clove bud prepared in solvents like acetone, ethanol and ethyl acetate showed higher antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium in agar cup diffusion assay. TLC separation of the extract of plant products showed dark brown bands of phytochemicals on silica-gel G 60 plate. Contact bioautography results showed maximum antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Interpretation: The results of the present study provide scientific evidence for the traditional uses of Azadirachta indica, Rosa indica, Emblica officinalis and Syzygium aromaticum.
Fractional integral operators and Fox functions in the theory of viscoelasticity

An exactly solvable fractional model of linear viscoelastic behavior is presented. A well-defined fractional initial value problem is derived by starting out with the Zener model. When the initial value problem is solved, a Fox function representation of the stress relaxation function is obtained. Further viscoelastic functions will be calculated analytically. The agreement between data of stress-strain experiments carried out on isobutylene and natural rubber and predictions of the theory covers more than 10 orders of magnitude.
Reply to reviewers' comments

Response: We thank the reviewer for the comment. In order to improve the performance of air quality modeling in China, a timely updated emission inventory with temporal and spatial variations is crucial (Skjøth et al., 2011). In this study, a new Chinese agricultural fertilizer NH3 emissions inventory has been compiled. However, it must be pointed out that currently, under the circumstances of lacking accurately activity data, detailed agricultural registers and practices, reliable input parameters, and field NH3 measurement data in the air quality monitoring network widely existed in China, sound high resolution NH3 inventory is hard to develop (Zheng et al., 2012). In this study, we have to adopt some assumptions which mainly referred to expert judgments or other similar studies, and we added the discussions of the validity of some of the assumptions in the revised version (Details are described in our responses to the Detailed Comments and Technical Comments below). More work should be done in the future in order to more accurately estimate the agriculture fertilizer NH3 emissions in China.
Measuring Nitrogen Leaching with Ion Exchange Resin: A Laboratory Assessment1

A procedure using ion exchange resin to measure leaching losses of inorganic N in soils was tested in the laboratory. A 2-cm thick bed of anion or cation exchange resin reduced the concentration of the percolating solutions to 1% of their initial concentrations until the resins were one-third to one-half N saturated. Greater than 90% of the nitrate adsorbed by anion exchange resin was recovered after 12 weeks of incubation indicating that N transformations were minimal. Additional Index Words: plant nutrient, percolate.
Thirst for Money: External Guarantees and Stock Price Crash Risk

We evaluate the financial risk and explore potential motivation of pervasive external guarantee activities. Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms during the period from 2008 to 2017, we find a positive association between external guarantees intensity and stock price crash risk. High repayment obligations and weak guarantee relationship amplify the crash risk. The positive association is more pronounced in firms with low business trust, binding financial constraints, and severe information asymmetry. Nevertheless, external guarantees strengthen bank-firm relationship with higher probability of bank loan approval and reduce dependence on related-party transactions. Our findings are consistent with the notion that listed firms are motivated by promoting access to bank loans through external guarantees at the cost of shareholders with potential crash risk.
Digital Marketing Communication and Consumer Buying Decision Process in Pandemic Standpoint (COVID-19): An Empirical Study of Bangladeshi Customers’ in Branded Cosmetics Perspective

The impact of digital buying during COVID-19 situation in Bangladesh creates a vast number of customers since staying at home availing products specially in aspects of branded cosmetics. A large number of customers really are ordering branded cosmetics through online in Bangladesh during pandemic (COVID-19). This study focuses the standpoint of digital marketing communication of branded cosmetics in Bangladeshi customers. The primary data was collected from Dhaka (Capital of Bangladesh) through online using convenient sampling and the sample size was 665. Chi-square along with hypothesis test was applied. The study reflects that digital channel of communication such as websites, social media, was used/followed through smart phones or computers during this pandemic while buying branded cosmetics in Bangladesh specially at Dhaka city. In buying decision process, starts from need recognition to post purchase behaviour were affected enormously. The outcome of the result shows digital marketing communication could trigger on every stage of buying decision behaviour with high involvement in buying branded cosmetics. This study also showed that customers have positive feelings towards digital platforms during this pandemic (COVID-19).
Comparison of Cognitive Inhibition in Monolingual and Bilingual Students

In cognitive linguistics, language is considered part of human cognitive abilities, and any linguistic analysis is accompanied by an analysis of human cognitive abilities. One of the human cognitive abilities is cognitive inhibition. The aim of this study was to compare cognitive inhibition in bilingual students and monolingual students. The research question is whether there is a significant difference between cognitive inhibition in bilingual and monolingual students? The present study is a descriptive causal-comparative study. In this study, cognitive inhibition (performance in numerical stroop test) was compared between two groups of bilingual and monolingual students. The statistical population of the present study included all secondary school students in Qazvin. The sample group consisted of 90 students (45 Persian monolingual students and 45 Turkish-Persian and Kurdish-Persian bilingual students) who were selected by purposive sampling method. A demographic questionnaire and numerical stroop test were used to collect information. A demographic questionnaire and numerical stroop test were used to collect information. Due to the lack of complete cooperation of some sample people in answering the numerical strop test, the number of sample people was reduced to 39 monolingual students and 43 bilingual students. Despite the attention of many researchers to cognitive inhibition, understanding and access to the true concept of cognitive inhibition is Received: 22/05/2019 Accepted: 6/11/2019 ∗ Corresponding Author's E-mail: f.adibnia@edu.ui. ac.ir D ow nl oa de d fr om lr r. m od ar es . a c. ir at 8 :0 6 IR S T o n T hu rs da y D ec em be r 31 st 2 02 0 Language Related Research E-ISSN: 2383-0816 Vol.11, No.4 (Tome 58), September, October & November 2020
Slope control on ambient fluid entrainment of subaqueous density flows with steady sustained inflows

Entrainment of density flows is a key parameter in constructing predictive models of global climate, ocean flows, and turbidity currents. Our numerical experiment, which included 10 subaqueous dilute density flows with a steady sustained inflow (SSI) on a 2D channel bed slope varying from 0.1° to 90°, showed that in the slope range of 0.1–20°, there is a linear relationship between the ambient fluid entrainment and channel bed slope. We also found a power law relation between the bulk Richardson number and bed slope. On a larger slope bed, these relations broke down due to the strong head drag, which suggests that there exists a regime change from bed-supported to plunging flows at around 20° for SSI density flows on a slope bed. These findings may provide a way to quickly evaluate or parameterize subaqueous SSI density flows in the suggested slope range.
Aerodynamic Investigation of Guide Vane Configurations Downstream a Rotating Detonation Combustor

Any outlet restriction downstream of pressure gain combustion (PGC), such as turbine blades, affects its flow field and may cause additional thermodynamic losses. The unsteadiness in the form of pressure, temperature, and velocity vector fluctuations has a negative impact on the operation of conventional turbines. Additionally, experimental measurements and data acquisition present researchers with challenges that have to do mostly with the high temperature exhaust of PGC and the high frequency of its operation. Nevertheless, numerical simulations can provide important insights into PGC exhaust flow and its interaction with turbine blades. In this paper, a rotating detonation combustor (RDC) and a row of nozzle guide vanes have been modeled based on the data from literature and an available experimental setup. Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations were done for five guide vane configurations with different geometrical parameters to investigate the effect of solidity and blade type representing different outlet restrictions on the RDC exhaust flow. The results analyzed the connection between total pressure loss and the vanes solidity and thickness to chord ratio. It is observed that more than 57% of the upstream velocity angle fluctuation amplitude was damped by the vanes. Furthermore, the area reduction was found to be the significant driving factor for damping the velocity angle fluctuations, whether in the form of solidity or thickness on chord ratio increment. This RDC exhaust flow investigation is an important primary step from a turbomachinery standpoint, which provided details of blade behavior in such an unsteady flow field.
Effects of Altitude on the Pomological Characteristics and Chemical Properties of ‘Chandler’ Walnuts: A Case Study in Uşak Province

This research was conducted to investigate some quality parameters of nuts of walnut (Juglans regia L.) ‘Chandler’ grown at different altitudes. Studies were conducted in Eşme Town, Uşak Province, in three different villages situated at an average altitude of 650 m, 800 m, and 900 m. Studies were conducted in Karaahmetli, Takmak, and Yeşilkavak villages in the 2012–2013 production year and orchards with similar soil and topography characteristics were selected. Plant protection, plant production, and other cultivation practices in the sampled orchards were also noted and orchards with the same attributes were selected. During the harvesting period, regular measurements were taken to determine correct time for harvesting. Nuts were hand-harvested when the color of the membrane separating the kernel and outer parts turned brown. A total of 35– 40 nuts were randomly selected and harvested from the three orchards and 15 of those were randomly selected for further analysis. Nut weight, internal (kernel) weight, shell thickness, kernel color, dry matter, moisture, ash, protein, oil, mineral matter, and free fatty acid composition were determined. Results showed that the site altitude significantly influences walnut’s quality and it is highly important to consider the site altitude as a factor before planting new orchards. Results showed that nut height, nut width, nut length, nut weight, kernel weight, shell thickness, oil content, phosphorus content, magnesium content, oleic acid, and linolenic acid increase with an increase in altitude. On the other hand, kernel ratio, total nitrogen, and protein content were found to decrease with increasing site altitude.
Plantas medicinais utilizadas na comunidade de Campo Preto, Arneiroz, Ceará

A etnobotânica tem o papel de ajudar na compreensão das relações entre o homem e as plantas de uma comunidade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar um levantamento sobre as plantas medicinais utilizadas na comunidade de Campo Preto, Armeiroz, Ceará, localizada em uma região de Caatinga. Os dados foram obtidos através de uma entrevista previamente preparada que buscava identificar o perfil das pessoas que usam; quais as plantas medicinais utilizadas; as formas de preparo; as partes consumidas; onde essas plantas são obtidas; e para quais doenças são empregadas. Sobre os entrevistados a maioria possui ensino fundamental incompleto e aprendeu sobre plantas medicinais com alguém da família. Foram relatadas 19 plantas, sendo a mais citada Lippia alba. A comunidade recorre ao uso de plantas principalmente para combater resfriados, sendo preparado principalmente na forma de chá. Chama atenção a alta quantidade de espécies exóticas usadas pela população local. Por fim, sabe-se que as plantas medicinais são consumidas por todas as famílias entrevistadas, ressaltando-se a necessidade de conhecer e de incentivar o uso de espécies da flora nativa.
Derivation and Application of the Subjective-Objective Probability Relationship from Entropy: The Entropy Decision Risk Model (EDRM)

The uncertainty, or entropy, of an atom of an ideal gas being in a certain energy state mirrors the way people perceive uncertainty in the making of decisions, uncertainty that is related to unmeasurable subjective probability. It is well established that subjects evaluate risk decisions involving uncertain choices using subjective probability rather than objective, which is usually calculated using empirically derived decision weights, such as those described in Prospect Theory; however, an exact objective–subjective probability relationship can be derived from statistical mechanics and information theory using Kullback–Leibler entropy divergence. The resulting Entropy Decision Risk Model (EDRM) is based upon proximity or nearness to a state and is predictive rather than descriptive. A priori EDRM, without factors or corrections, accurately aligns with the results of prior decision making under uncertainty (DMUU) studies, including Prospect Theory and others. This research is a first step towards the broader effort of quantifying financial, programmatic, and safety risk decisions in fungible terms, which applies proximity (i.e., subjective probability) with power utility to evaluate choice preference of gains, losses, and mixtures of the two in terms of a new parameter referred to as Prospect. To facilitate evaluation of the EDRM against prior studies reported in terms of the percentage of subjects selecting a choice, the Percentage Evaluation Model (PEM) is introduced to convert choice value results into subject response percentages, thereby permitting direct comparison of a utility model for the first time.
Response to Comment on “Probing the Ultimate Limit of Fiber-Optic Strain Sensing”

Cranch and Foster argue that the strain resolution of our fiber resonator sensor is not limited by thermal noise. However, extension of common theoretical models to high-finesse passive resonators at low frequency needs further attention. Our findings are consistent with noise of thermodynamic nature for which no experimental evidence in the infrasonic range was available until recently.
ContagionGraphs a Tool for Network-Based Models of Financial Contagion

Financial contagion is explored in a large and growing number of network-based models with a high variety of assumptions on network geometry, bank balance sheets, loan settlement, etc. In this paper, we present “ContagionGraphs”, a tool for researches to explore the seemingly endless possibilities in network-based models of financial contagion. We showcase its abilities by reproducing and extending on hallmark papers in the field such as Allen and Gale (2000), Nier et al. (2007) and Acemoglu et al. (2015). On top of the predominant analysis of average default ratios in average node degrees, we show that the net credit position of the shocked bank is a strong predictor of network stability and that equity and liquidity are substitutes for interbank network stability.