Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interventions to increase physical activity in disadvantaged communities: A review of behavioural mechanisms

Physical inactivity is now a significant driver of health and social inequalities among socioeconomically disadvantaged communities and poses a major challenge to policymakers, worldwide. Although a vast amount of research has focused on designing and evaluating interventions to increase physical activity, there remains little consensus on which interventions are likely to work. In this narrative review, we build on previous reviews by not only examining what interventions tend to work but by trying to understand why certain interventions tend to work, while others do not, through the lens of behavioural science. We present a behavioural framework through which the existing body of physical activity research could be viewed, in order to identify potentially effective mechanisms that would be likely to work in their intended domain. Our analysis finds that while there is evidence that the physical and educational environment matter for increasing levels of physical activity, interventions are more likely to be successful where they involve a social component. We conclude that a behaviourally informed physical activity intervention would thus employ a set of focused educational and socially-mediated behavioural mechanisms, within an appropriate physical environment. *Corresponding Author: cameron.belton@esri.ie Acknowledgements: This research was funded by Sport Ireland. The authors would like to thank the staff at Sport Ireland, especially Emma Jane Clarke, Benny Cullen and Peter Smyth, for feedback and comments. We also thank the other members of the Behavioural Research Unit for their comments on earlier drafts of this review. a Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin b Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin c Department of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin ESRI working papers represent un-refereed work-in-progress by researchers who are solely responsible for the content and any views expressed therein. Any comments on these papers will be welcome and should be sent to the author(s) by email. Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. Working Paper No. 646 December 2019 Interventions to Increase Physical Activity in Disadvantaged Communities: A Review of Behavioural Mechanisms Laura Gormley Cameron A. Belton Peter D. Lunn Deirdre A. Robertson
A novel transformer-based neural network model for tool wear estimation

This paper proposes a novel Transformer-based neural network model for accurate tool wear estimation to improve production quality and efficiency in intelligent manufacturing. The proposed method can realize indirect measurement of tool wear. Initially, the raw multi-sensor signals are processed into three kinds of temporal feature data. Next, three identical submodels are utilized to deal with the above feature data, respectively. Finally, the outputs of these three submodels are concatenated together as the input of a multi-layer fully connected network for the final estimation of tool wear. Concretely, the submodels used in this work are based on the Transformer model and self-attention mechanism to capture long-term dependency. This is the first attempt to adopt Transformer and self-attention for tool wear estimation. Besides, some improvements are made in this work. For example, a long short-term memory network is employed to enhance the ability of capturing position information. In addition, a submodel framework is applied to process the temporal feature data in parallel, which helps improve the model performance. The proposed method is demonstrated through a real-world milling dataset, including more than 900 experiments. Also, the superiority of the proposed method is verified by the comparison with other advanced methods.
Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Jalan terhadap Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit dan Puskesmas di 11 Provinsi di Indonesia

Pharmaceutical services is a direct service and responsible to patients relating to pharmaceutical products aimed to improve the quality of life of patients. Quality of pharmaceutical services can be assessed based on outpatient satisfaction. The aim of the study was to compare the satisfaction of outpatients with pharmaceutical services in hospitals and primary health care. This study used a cross-sectional comparative study design and was conducted in February-November 2017 in 11 provinces, each province consisting of 2 districts/cities selected purposively. Samples were outpatients who got medicines in hospitals or primary health care at least 31 patients in each pharmacy. Satisfaction was assessed by the dimension of responsiveness, reliability, collateral, friendliness, and physical evidence. Data was collected by the questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square test. The results of the study show that outpatient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in hospital and primary health care was 90,9% and 96.6%, respectively. The largest percentage of outpatients in hospitals and primary health care are in the age group of 40-59 years, female, has further education, and not working/housewives. There were significant differences in the age group, gender, and education of outpatients between hospitals and primary health care. There was no significant relationship between the characteristics (age, sex, education, occupation) of outpatients and satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in hospitals and primary health care
Produção científica sobre estratégias didáticas utilizadas no ensino de Bioquímica: uma revisão sistemática

The aim of this study was to know teaching strategies undertaken by biochemistry teachers in higher education. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, and was included articles developed in Brazilian universities, published in the 2004-2015 period, with descriptors learning, biochemistry and graduation. 40 publications were found, and 2004 was the year with most studies (n=7). The most common activities were conducting experimental activity (32,5%), development of various teaching tools (22,5%), use of Problem-based Learning (20%), use of information technologies (17,5%) and development courses (7,5%). Thus, it was observed that there are groups of teachers working with different teaching strategies seeking to improve student learning. The production and publication of knowledge in teaching in biochemistry can help this process.
Teaching and learning English language - motivation

Learning a new language can be difficult, so teaching a new language inherently comes with great obstacles. To effectively teach English to someone new to the language, you have a lot to understand, including the basics of the English language, how speakers acquire a new language, and how to motivate students to succeed when they are struggling. The focus on this paper is on the basics of how to get started, including taking a hard look at how to access the motivations of new students, how to use their previous language and cultural background to your advantage, and how to get them started on the path to English fluency.
Multi‐functional TiO2 nanosheets/carbon nanotubes modified separator enhanced cycling performance for lithium‐sulfur batteries

TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2NSs) have been investigated for lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries as strategically designed TiO2 nanosheet/carbon nanotube (TiO2NS/CNT) composite modified polypropylene (PP) separator to inhibit the shuttling of the intermediate polysulfides. The modified separator was fabricated by the vacuum filtration method using the exfoliation TiO2NSs and untreated carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. The multi‐functional TiO2NS/CNT coating not only reduced the electrochemical resistance but also localized the migrating polysulfides by the cooperative effect of physical adsorption and chemical binding. Specifically, the composition ratio of TiO2NSs/CNTs and the interface character have been studied. It was found that the optimum ratio and perfect electrolyte wettability of the TiO2NS/CNT layers were all the critical reasons to achieve good battery performance. The high initial discharge capacity of 1247 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C rate, which was 75% of the theoretical capacity of sulfur, 98% average coulombic efficiency, and 627 mA h g−1 discharge capacity retention after 100 cycles were obtained with the TiO2NS/CNT coating separator.
Ofatumumab in combination with high-dose methylprednisolone for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

7124 Background: We performed a phase II, single-arm, clinical trial evaluating ofatumumab in combination with HDMP for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. Methods: Patients received ofatumumab at the dose of 1,000 mg weekly (half the conventional dose) for 12 weeks, without monthly maintenance doses. The HDMP dose was 1,000 mg/m2for 3 days of each of 3 monthly cycles. Prophylactic medications included acyclovir, bactrim, fluconazole, and allopurinol. Results: 21 patients were enrolled at a single center. The median age was 63 years (range 46–76). The median number of prior therapies was 3. 24% had unfavorable cytogenetics (Del 17p or Del 11q) and 76% had CLL cells that expressed unmutated IgVH genes or high levels of ZAP-70. 24% were fludarabine-refractory. Treatment was well tolerated. The majority of adverse events were grade 1 or 2, including insomnia, anxiety, fatigue, and infusion reactions. There were no grade 4 toxicities.19% of patients had grade 3 neutropenia, and 5% had g.
K-Returns to Education

We exploit a school reform that increased the length of compulsory schooling in Norway in the 1960s to study the causal effect of formal general education on returns on wealth (k-returns). OLS estimates reveal a strong, positive and statistically significant correlation between education and returns on individual net worth. This effect disappears in IV regressions, implying that general education has no causal effect on individual performance in capital markets, whose heterogeneity largely reflects non-acquired ability. On the contrary, we find that education causes higher returns in the labor market (l-returns). We speculate about possible rationales for this important asymmetry.
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit for the removal of separated endodontic instruments

Objective The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit (TFRK) for the removal of broken endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods A total of 80 extracted human first mandibular molars with moderate root canal curvature were selected. Following access cavity preparation canal patency was established with a size 10/15 K-file in the mesiobuccal canals of all teeth. The teeth were divided into 2 groups of 40 teeth each: the P group (ProUltra tips) and the T group (TFRK). Each group was further subdivided into 2 smaller groups of 20 teeth each according to whether ProTaper F1 rotary instruments were fractured in either the coronal third (C constituting the PC and TC groups) or the middle third (M constituting the PM and TM groups). Instrument retrieval was performed using either ProUltra tips or the TFRK. Results The overall success rate at removing the separated instrument was 90% in group P and 95% in group T (p > 0.05) The mean time for instrument removal was higher with the ultrasonic tips than with the TFRK (p > 0.05). Conclusion Both systems are acceptable clinical tools for instrument retrieval but the loop device in the TFRK requires slightly more dexterity than is needed for the ProUltra tips.
Spectroscopic studies of the conformational stability and ligand binding properties of calmodulin.

In this work the conformational stability of calmodulin (CaM) and its tryptic fragments has been investigated using optical spectroscopic techniques such as far-UV circular dichroism, fluorescence, and absorption spectroscopy. CaM is a ubiquitous eukaryotic calcium binding protein that consists of two structurally similar globular domains connected by a flexible linker, and each containing a pair of helix-loop-helix calcium binding motifs. The results of chemical and thermal dénaturation experiments show that the stability o f CaM and its isolated domains in the absence of calcium is relatively low and is strongly dependent on ionic strength and temperature. This raises the question of how apo-CaM is stabilised in vivo at resting calcium concentrations. In the presence of ligands such as calcium, magnesium, and target peptides, the stability of CaM is greatly enhanced, as predicted by the ligand binding theory. The extent of the stabilising effect depends on the free ligand concentration and on the affinity o f the native and denatured states of CaM for the ligand. The interactions of CaM with magnesium have been investigated and the results show that magnesium competes with calcium for the EFhand sites and reduces the affinity of Ca^^-CaM for targets. As a consequence, magnesium amplifies the intrinsic differences in affinity of the Nand C-domains for calcium and for target sequences. Thus, CaM is extremely sensitive to general environmental conditions as well as to specific ligand interactions. Chemical dénaturation studies also show that the behaviour o f GuHCl is very complex, owing to its ionic strength contribution and to competition with Ca^^-binding. Therefore urea may be more appropriate in the study of the stability of calmodulin and o f proteins that bind metal ions or that are sensitive to changes in the ionic strength of the solution. Finally, there is experimental evidence that the stability of the isolated domains of CaM is significantly different from that of the domains in the intact protein. This suggests the presence of inter-domain interactions during the process of unfolding. This observation is confirmed by the analysis of the stability o f the p-sheet mutants of CaM, which shows that the structural and Ca^^-binding properties of the non-mutated domain can be affected by the mutation on the other domain.
A single blinded randomised controlled trial: To evaluate the efficacy of local autologous blood injection versus local corticosteroid injection for treatment of lateral epicondylitis

Background: Recent studies have shown that local injection of autologous blood in treatment of lateral epicondylitis results in significant benefit by virtue of various growth factors contained in the blood. The objective of our study was assessment of efficacy of autologous blood injection versus local corticosteroid injection in the treatment of tennis elbow. Aims and Objectives: To compare pain outcome measures, number of patients completely relieved of pain, post injection exacerbation of pain, recurrent rates and complication rates in both the groups. Methods and Trial Design: A single blinded randomized controlled trial was undertaken.61 patients of untreated lateral epicondylitis were enrolled. A randomization coding system derived from a computer generated randomization table was followed. Both groups were evaluated at 1st week, 4th week and 12th weeks for pain relief and stage of disease, complete relief of pain, recurrent rates, post injection exacerbation of pain, complication rates. Results: Follow-up done for total 12 weeks divided in to intervals at 1st week, 4th week, and 12th week. At 1st week corticosteroid injection group showed a statistically significant decrease in pain compared to autologous blood injection group. At 4th week both group patients had decrease in pain but statistically not significant when compared to each other. At 12th week follow up autologous blood injection group showed statistically significant decrease in pain compared to corticosteroid injection group. In corticosteroid injection group at 12th week 6.89% had complete relief of pain and in autologous blood group 19.35% patients had complete relief of pain. Rate of recurrence 21.42% in corticosteroid group, no patient had recurrence in autologous blood group. 26% patients in corticosteroid group had post injection exacerbation of pain and in autologous blood injection group 58.06% had pain, which was statistically significant. Conclusions: Autologous blood injection was more effective than steroid injection in the short term follow up in tennis elbow.
Effect of Health Education on Breast Cancer and the Practice of Breast Self Examination among Female Students of the Tertiary Institutions in a Nigerian State

s: The incidence of breast cancer is on the increase but knowledge and practice of breast self examination (BSE) is still very low. With the high cost of treatment, the poor outcome of treatment of advanced cases and economy situation of most of the developing countries including Nigeria, health education on breast self examination is an alternative option. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of health education on breast cancer and the practice of breast self examination among female students of the tertiary institutions in a Nigerian State. This is an interventional study in which health education on breast cancer and breast self examination was given to the study group. Systematic sampling technique was used for subject selection. Self administered questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Results were analyzed using EPI-INFO 2007 version software of the computer. Less than half (46.8% of the study group and 45.7% of the control group) of the respondents had good knowledge of breast cancer. Only about one third of the respondents in both groups had good knowledge of the cause of breast cancer before intervention. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the knowledge of the study group about symptoms of breast cancer (p = 0.000000) after the health education, and there was no significant increase in the knowledge of control group (p = 0.276757). Before the intervention, 202 (57.7%) of the study group and 196 (56.0%) of the control group had ever practiced BSE. There was an increase from 57.7% to 76.0% in the proportion of the respondents that had practiced breast self examination in the study group after the health education. The observed increase was statistically significant (p = 0.000000). There was a statistically significant difference (from 18.4% to 75.4%) in the frequency of practice of breast self examination among the study group after the health education (p = 0.000000). Following the health education intervention there was remarkable improvement in the level of knowledge of respondents in the study group on breast cancer and breast self examination. Efforts should be put in place by government and non-governmental organizations towards planning a sustainable health intervention programmes on breast cancer and breast self examination.
Causes and impacts of internal displacement in Ethiopia

The overall objective of this study was to explore the causes and impacts of internal displacement in Ethiopia. This study has mainly employed qualitative research approach in which the data were collected from secondary sources and the research method is descriptive because the study has attempted to describe and explore the main contributing factors of internal displacement and its socio-economic, and psychological impacts on the community and internally displaced persons (IDPs). In order to assure the relevance and importance of the collected data, the researchers reviewed related literature on the causes and impacts of internal displacement in Ethiopia, Africa and other parts of the continents. As the method of data analysis, content analysis was applied for this study. This study highlighted that the internal displacement of people in Ethiopia is a severe human tragedy that results in huge numbers of people being displaced every year. The study showed that conflict (i.e., inter-communal violence, regional political instability, ethnic tensions and localized conflicts), climatic induced factors (landslides, flooding, famine and drought) and the country’s policy of resettlement and relocation (development-driven causes), and poor governing capacity of the country were major contributing factors which aggravated the internal displacement in the country. The conflict took the primary percentage and followed by the climate-driven causes and policy of resettlement and relocation. Finally, this study revealed that internal displacement disrupted the social intimacy, economically affected the IDPs and the host communities, led the IDPs into homelessness, brought economic hardship, made them to be more vulnerable to psychological violence and led IDPs into death. Keywords: Causes, climate, conflict, Ethiopia, IDPs, impacts, internal displacement, resettlement and relocation
On Optimality of Weighted Multidimensional Scaling for Range-Based Localization

Weighted multidimensional scaling (WMDS) is an attractive technique and is of extensive application for range-based localization. However, the optimality of the WMDS is not proved thoroughly because of the difficult Moore-Penrose pesudo-inverse operation, and it is only verified by simulation examples in the unified WMDS framework. The aim of this paper is to deal with the theoretical incompleteness to the optimality of the WMDS technique. This study presents two fundamental corollaries in the unified framework and then gives an elegant and detailed analytical proof thoroughly. They are established with no requirement about the measurement statistical distribution or no approximations with small measurement errors either. The optimality of the WMDS are verified consequently in the absence and presence of sensors position errors, respectively. Our theoretical results are not established on the specific WMDS, such as the versions of classical MDS, modified MDS or subspace MDS, but based on the unified WMDS framework itself, which are applicable to arbitrary type of the WMDS. The theoretical derivation is corroborated by numerical examples.