Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a Nurse Coached Walking Intervention for Informal Dementia Caregivers

This study’s purpose was to determine the feasibility of a nurse coached walking intervention for informal caregivers of persons with dementia. Participants were randomly assigned to a nurse coached intervention or a control group. Five male and 27 female caregivers (n = 32) participated. Measures included steps, walked well-being, and perceived stress. For steps walked, each group experienced a statistical difference (p = .01 control; p = .02 intervention) and large effect size (0.90). Neither group had a statistical difference in well-being (p = .38 control; p = .08 intervention) or perceived stress (p = .56 control; p = .18 intervention). The intervention group achieved a large effect size in well-being (1.38) and moderate effect size in perceived stress (0.51). A 0.94 pedometer adherence, self-reported user ease with technology and 100% retention rate support feasibility. Many participants described feelings of loneliness and grief, but reported the pedometer motivated them to walk.
Clinical significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index in low-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma

SUMMARY Objective Inflammation and nutritional status play an important role in the prognosis of cancer. Lymphocyte-to monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are independent prognostic scores in numerous cancers. However, any study showed their prognostic role in low-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). We aimed to clarify and identify the prognostic value of inflammation indices in low-risk DTC patients. Methods We analysed data from 116 patients, dividing the population into two groups, according to AJCC staging system (8th edition). The LMR, NLR, PLR and PNI cut-off value were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Disease-free survival (DFS) was calculated with Kaplan-Meyer and Log-Rank tests and the risk of recurrence was calculated with univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Statistical significance was p < 0.05. Results We found a baseline NLR value ≥ 1.750 (75% sensitivity, 40.2% specificity) and a baseline LMR value of 3.83 (66.7% sensitivity, 48.9% specificity). Overall DFS was 74.995 ± 3.236 with a p value of 0.678. NLR showed a hazard ratio for recurrence with almost twice the risk of recurrence (Adjusted Hazard Ratio /HRA): 1.828, p-value = 0.019). Conclusions NLR can be considered a prognostic score with twice the risk of recurrence in low-risk DTC patients with NLR < 1.750.
Comparison of heavy metal and nutrients removal in Canna indica and Oryza sativa L. based constructed wetlands for piggery effluent treatment in north-central Nigeria

Abstract Batch-fed horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (HssFCW) were developed to compare the potential of Canna indica and Oryza sativa L. in removing heavy metals and nutrients from piggery effluent. Piggery effluent samples were characterized for nutrients (N and P) and metals (Mg, Al, Ca and Fe) before and after introducing them to the HssFCW with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days and operational flowrate of 0.014 m3/day. Three sets of constructed wetlands (CWs) were monitored during the dry season for 3 months. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) for the plants were evaluated. The results were all significantly different at p ≤ 0.05. O. sativa L removes more nutrients and metals than C. indica. The BCF for O. sativa L. was higher than for C. indica, while the TF for C. indica was higher for O. sativa L. , indicating a higher metal translocation potential. Use of C. indica, a non-food crop, poses no health risks in HssFCWs whereas the grains of O. sativa L. are consumed directly by humans, presenting potential risks when used in HssFCWs. Compared to an annual O. sativa L. , the perennial C. indica can be grown continuously in CWs for the phytoremediation of piggery effluent. Novelty statement No known work about the phytoremediation potential of the two studied macrophytes in the agro-ecological zone is known. The study also provides insight into the bioconcentration of metals in the edible part of Oryza sativa L. FARO 44 (SIPI 692033). The characterization of piggery effluent revealed that its compositions were above the allowable limit for reuse and recycling despite the adoption of low-water use intensive method. The study showed that Oryza sativa L accumulates more metals in the above-ground tissues than in its root and provide insight into its use as a phytoremediation plant in the study area. The footprint of pollutants and metals in Oryza sativa L makes a perennial C. indica more suitable than O. sativa L. in piggery effluent phytoremediation.
Clomiphene Citrate versus Recombinant FSH in intrauterine insemination cycles with mono- or bi-follicular development

Objective: The present study aims to assess the success of controlled ovarian stimulation in intrauterine insemination cycles stimulated by recombinant-FSH and Clomiphene citrate for either mono- or bi-follicular development. Methods: We assessed 870 infertile patients treated with controlled ovarian stimulation in intrauterine insemination cycles at a university-based infertility clinic between January 2012 and December 2017. We compared the cycles stimulated by clomiphene citrate and recombinant-FSH in two set-ups; mono- and bi-follicular development. The main outcome measure was the clinical pregnancy rate per cycle. Results: The demographic and cycle parameters were similar between the groups, except for endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration, which was higher in the recombinant-FSH group than the clomiphene citrate group. The overall clinical pregnancy rates in clomiphene citrate and recombinant-FSH groups were 9.8% and 10.3%, respectively (p=0.940). Regarding the entire cohort, clinical pregnancy was significantly higher in cases of bi-follicular development when compared to mono-follicular development (16.8% vs. 10.2%, respectively; p=0.009). Conclusions: Clomiphene citrate and recombinant-FSH have similar success rates in terms of clinical pregnancy, in either mono-follicular development or bi-follicular development. Clomiphene citrate and recombinant-FSH cycles resulted in comparable rates of bi-follicular development, which significantly increases clinical pregnancy rate. Clomiphene citrate and recombinant-FSH have similar success rates in terms of clinical pregnancy, in either mono-follicular development or bi-follicular development.
Partitioning of Butachlor at Air–Water Interface and Transport in Unsaturated Sandy Soils

Several experiments, including adsorption isotherm and flow column tests, were performed to investigate the effect of the air–water interface on the migration of butachlor (C17H26CINO2) in unsaturated soils. To obtain a better simulation of unsaturated flow from the column tests, a tension infiltrometer was employed to exert a suction head on the upper end of the column. The lower end of the column was open to the atmosphere so that the water flow was driven by gravity. It was found that butachlor adsorbed on the air–water interface as well as on the soil surfaces. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was observed for the air–water interface at concentration ranges up to 2 mg/L. The areas of the soil surface and air–water interface were estimated to quantify the retardation and facilitation effects caused by the soil surface and air–water interface. The preferences of butachlor for adsorption on the air–water interface and soil surface with organic substances were nearly identical. This preference was about t.
Comparative intravital imaging of human and rodent malaria sporozoites reveals the skin is not a species‐specific barrier

Malaria infection starts with the injection of Plasmodium sporozoites into the host’s skin. Sporozoites are motile and move in the skin to find and enter blood vessels to be carried to the liver. Here, we present the first characterization of P. falciparum sporozoites in vivo, analyzing their motility in mouse skin and human skin xenografts and comparing their motility to two rodent malaria species. These data suggest that in contrast to the liver and blood stages, the skin is not a species‐specific barrier for Plasmodium. Indeed, P. falciparum sporozoites enter blood vessels in mouse skin at similar rates to the rodent malaria parasites. Furthermore, we demonstrate that antibodies targeting sporozoites significantly impact the motility of P. falciparum sporozoites in mouse skin. Though the sporozoite stage is a validated vaccine target, vaccine trials have been hampered by the lack of good animal models for human malaria parasites. Pre‐clinical screening of next‐generation vaccines would be significantly aided by the in vivo platform we describe here, expediting down‐selection of candidates prior to human vaccine trials.
Effect of Maternal Healthcare Utilization on Early Neonatal, Neonatal and Post-Neonatal Mortality in India

This paper examines the effect of maternal healthcare utilization on early neonatal, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in India using the recent round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data. At the national level, for the last live birth of women during the five year preceding the survey, the early neonatal mortality rate was about 16, neonatal mortality rate was 19 and post-neonatal mortality was 7 per thousand live births. Also, only one-fifth of women who had a birth in the past five years received full antenatal care (ANC), 83 percent women received safe delivery and 65 percent women received post-natal care. Findings of the study indicate that full ANC and postnatal care were significantly associated with early neonatal and neonatal mortality. However, no significant association between safe delivery and newborn mortality were found after adjusting the socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Therefore, for a policy point of view, there is a dire need to strengthen supply dependent factors regarding public awareness, accessibility, and affordability of maternal and child healthcare services. It is also necessary to focus on increasing utilization along with continuum of care of maternal and child healthcare services to sustain the reduction in mortality during infancy.
Pituitary transcription factors in the immunohistochemical and molecular diagnosis of pituitary tumours - a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION Although histopathology remains in the first line of the diagnosis of pituitary pathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology are currently in charge of providing a more accurate characterisation of tumours in this field. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed, using the PubMed and SCOPUS databases, with terms that included transcription factors involved in the development of pituitary tumours: T-PIT, PIT-1, and SF-1. RESULTS The results showed different perspectives, but the evidence is in favour of a multifold immunohistochemical analysis that must include pituitary transcription factors for a highly accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and guidance of (multimodal) therapy. CONCLUSIONS By using transcription factors, the understanding of the structure and function of the recently defined pituitary neuroendocrine tumours has made significant progress. This approach brings the (sub)classification of pituitary tumours, using cell types and cell lineages, with clinical and molecular implications and therapeutic results.
Global publication trends and hotspots of molecular biomarkers in DILI from 1991 to 2020: A 30-year bibliometric analysis

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the common adverse drug reactions and the leading cause of drug development attritions, black box warnings, and post-marketing withdrawals. Current biomarkers are suboptimal in detecting DILI and predicting its outcome. This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the research trends on DILI biomarkers using bibliometric analysis. All relevant publications were extracted from the Web of Science database. An online analysis platform of literature metrology, bibliographic item co-occurrence matrix builder, and CiteSpace software were used to analyze the publication trends. CitNetExplorer was used to construct direct citation networks and VOSviewer was used to analyze the keywords and research hotspots. We found a total of 485 publications related to DILI biomarkers published from 1991 to 2020. Toxicological Sciences had been the most popular journal in this field over the past 30 years. The USA maintained a top position worldwide and provided a pivotal influence, followed by China. Among all the institutions, the University of Liverpool was regarded as a leader for research collaboration. Moreover, Professors Paul B. Watkins and Tsuyoshi Yokoi made great achievements in topic area. We analyzed the citation networks and keywords, therefore identified five and six research hotspot clusters, respectively. We considered the publication information regarding different countries/regions, organizations, authors, journals, et al. by summarizing the literature on DILI biomarkers over the past 30 years. Notably, the subject of DILI biomarkers is an active area of research. In addition, the investigation and discovery of novel promising biomarkers such as microRNAs, keratin18, and bile acids will be future developing hotspots.
Learning and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders as Risk Factors for Prolonged Concussion Recovery in Children and Adolescents

Abstract Objective: Examine pre-existing learning disorders (LD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) as risk factors for prolonged recovery and increased symptomology following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children/adolescents (5-17 years) with mTBI who presented to a Children’s Minnesota Concussion Clinic between April 2018 and March 2019. Differences across strata of pre-existing conditions (present vs. absent) in time to recovery measures were estimated via Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses and differences in symptom trajectories were examined via linear mixed-effects regression models. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex and other confounders. Results: In our cohort of 680 mTBI patients, those with LD (n = 70) or ADHD (n = 107) experienced significantly longer median durations of symptoms (58 and 68 days, respectively) than those without (43 days). Accordingly, LD was significantly associated with delayed symptom recovery (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.16–2.29), return to school (1.47, 1.08–2.00), and return to physical activity (1.50, 1.10–2.04). Likewise, ADHD was associated with delayed recovery (1.69, 1.28–2.23), return to school (1.52, 1.17–1.97) and physical activity (1.55, 1.19–2.01). Further, patients with LD or ADHD reported, on average, significantly more concussion symptoms and higher vision symptom scores throughout recovery versus those without. There was no evidence that concussion or vision symptom recovery trajectories varied over time between those with/without LD or ADHD (joint P-interactions > 0.05). Conclusion: Pre-existing LD and ADHD are risk factors for prolonged and more symptomatic mTBI recovery in youth. These results can inform clinical concussion management and recovery expectations.
Influence of the basilar membrane shape and mechanical properties in the cochlear response: A numerical study

Hearing impairment is one of the most common health disorders, affecting individuals of all ages, reducing considerably their quality of life. At present, it is known that during an acoustic stimulation a travelling wave is developed inside the cochlea. Existing mathematical and numerical models available in the literature try to describe the shape of this travelling wave, the majority of them present a set of approaches based on some limitations either or both of the mechanical properties used and the geometrical description of the realistic representation. The present numerical study highlights the distinctions of using a spiral model of the cochlea, by comparing the obtained results with a straight, or simplified model. The influence of the implantation of transversely isotropic mechanical models was also studied, by comparing the basilar membrane with isotropic and transversely isotropic mechanical properties. Values of the root mean square error calculated for all models show a greater proximity of the cochlear mapping to the Greenwood function when the basilar membrane is assumed with transversely isotropic mechanical properties for both straight and spiral model. The root-mean square errors calculated were: 2.05, 1.70, 2.72, 2.08 mm, for the straight-isotropic, straight-transversely isotropic, spiral-isotropic and spiral-transversely isotropic model, respectively.
Electrocardiogram screening for aortic valve stenosis using artificial intelligence.

AIMS Early detection of aortic stenosis (AS) is becoming increasingly important with a better outcome after aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic severe AS patients and a poor outcome in moderate AS. We aimed to develop artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiogram (AI-ECG) using a convolutional neural network to identify patients with moderate to severe AS. METHODS AND RESULTS Between 1989 and 2019, 258 607 adults [mean age 63 ± 16.3 years; women 122 790 (48%)] with an echocardiography and an ECG performed within 180 days were identified from the Mayo Clinic database. Moderate to severe AS by echocardiography was present in 9723 (3.7%) patients. Artificial intelligence training was performed in 129 788 (50%), validation in 25 893 (10%), and testing in 102 926 (40%) randomly selected subjects. In the test group, the AI-ECG labelled 3833 (3.7%) patients as positive with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 78%, 74%, and 74%, respectively. The sensitivity increased and the specificity decreased as age increased. Women had lower sensitivity but higher specificity compared with men at any age groups. The model performance increased when age and sex were added to the model (AUC 0.87), which further increased to 0.90 in patients without hypertension. Patients with false-positive AI-ECGs had twice the risk for developing moderate or severe AS in 15 years compared with true negative AI-ECGs (hazard ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.90-2.50). CONCLUSION An AI-ECG can identify patients with moderate or severe AS and may serve as a powerful screening tool for AS in the community.
Long-term ovarian reserve and fertility outcomes in female survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy, yet data regarding long-term ovarian reserve of female survivors are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a differential pattern of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in female childhood ALL survivors compared with the normal age-matched population. In a cohort of 56 female childhood ALL survivors (median age 29 years; median follow-up 20.6 years), a negative correlation was found between age at leukemia diagnosis and age-adjusted anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels (r = −0.334, p = .031). Despite alkylating agent therapy, AMH levels did not differ significantly from age-related nomograms (age < 30, p = .17; age ≥ 30, p = .94). The mean number of children per fertile woman adjusted for maternal age was similar to the national average (2.76 versus 3.11, p = .19). Our results imply that reproductive outcomes are not significantly hampered in female pediatric ALL survivors. Long-term surveillance of ovarian reserve may enable personalized survivorship counseling.
Plant heat stress: concepts directing future research.

Predicted increases in future global temperatures require us to better understand the dimensions of heat stress experienced by plants. Here we highlight four key areas for improving our approach towards understanding plant heat stress responses. First, although the term "heat stress" is broadly used, that term encompasses heat shock, heat wave, and warming experiments, which vary in the duration and magnitude of temperature increase imposed. A greater integration of results and tools across these approaches is needed to better understand how heat stress associated with global warming will affect plants. Secondly, there is a growing need to associate plant responses to tissue temperatures. We review how plant energy budgets determine tissue temperature and discuss the implications of using leaf versus air temperature for heat stress studies. Third, we need to better understand how heat stress affects reproduction, particularly understudied stages such as floral meristem initiation and development. Fourth, we emphasize the need to integrate heat-stress recovery into breeding programs to complement recent progress in improving plant heat-stress tolerance. Taken together, we provide insights into key research gaps in plant heat stress and provide suggestions on addressing these gaps to enhance heat stress resilience in plants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome update and the role of associated minerals and vitamins

The objectives are to present an updated synopsis on osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome and evaluate the roles of selected micronutrients in its prevention and management. OSA refers to the concurrent deterioration of bone (osteopenia/osteoporosis), muscle (sarcopenia) and adipose tissue expansion. It portrays the most advanced stage in a continuum of body composition disorders. Although OSA has been widely studied involving the populations of different backgrounds, its prevalence is hard to collate because different methodologies and criteria were used for its diagnosis. Another critical health aspect is the presence of low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) which contributes to OSA and vice versa. Nutrition is important in the prevention and management of both OSA and LGCI. Although micronutrients act in numerous metabolic and physiological processes, their roles here are presented in relation to OSA (and its components) and LGCI in general and relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. These include calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and vitamins D and K; their interactions, physiological ratios and synergism/antagonism are discussed as well. In conclusion, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D have a profound impact on OSA and its components, and the latter two also on LGCI. Potassium and vitamin K are vital in bone, muscle functioning and possibly adipose tissue modification. Both, but particularly vitamin D, surfaced as important modulators of immune system with application in COVID-19 infections. While both phosphorus and sodium have important roles in bone, muscle and can impact adiposity, due to their abundance in food, their intake should be curbed to prevent possible damaging effects.
An analysis of radiographer preliminary image evaluation – A focus on common false negatives

Preliminary image evaluation (PIE) is a mechanism whereby radiographers provide a preliminary evaluation of whether pathology is present in their radiographs, typically acquired within the emergency department (ED). PIE provides referrers with a timely communication of pathology prior to the availability of a radiology report. The purpose of this study was to determine the most common radiographer PIE false‐negative interpretations.