Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the effects of intravenous injection and intranasal atomisation of detomidine in sheep

Abstract Background Detomidine is an α‐2 agonist sedative drug which reduces the release of norepinephrine in nerves. Administering this drug through intranasal (IN) route could cause direct transmission to the central nervous system. Therefore, IN administration of detomidine would decrease the side effects and the onset of sedation. Objectives In this study, IN administration of detomidine in sheep through an atomiser was compared to its IV administration. Methods Fifteen mature female sheep with an approximate weight of 49.53 ± 1.72 kg were used. They were randomly divided into three groups: (1) atomising 10 μg/kg (IND10); (2) IV 10 μg/kg (IVD) and (3) atomising 30 μg/kg (IND30). Following administration, vital signs, electrocardiographic components, sedative score and biochemistry profile were measured after 15, 30 and 60 min, which were compared with the baseline measures. Results Bradycardia and the percentage of reduction from the baseline value in the respiratory rate were lower in the IND10 group compared to those in the IVD group. There was no significant difference in terms of the temperature and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) among all the groups (p > 0.05). The level of cortisol declined in all the groups, and in the IND30 (60 min), it was significantly different with the baseline value. The level of glucose increased in all the groups compared to the baseline, which was not significant. Insulin concentration was reduced in all the groups, and in the IND30 group, it changed significantly 60 min after the drug administration. Sedation onset time was faster in the IV group. However, sedation scores between the two administration methods were not different, and only a dose‐dependent increase was found in the sedation score in the atomisation group. Conclusions Our findings revealed that IN atomisation of detomidine triggers similar sedation as its IV administration, which could be used as an alternative method.
On redshift and parallaxes in general relativistic kinematical world models

A Lorentzian space‐time (M,g), along with an observer field (=timelike vector field) V, are considered. Several theorems are presented that are concerned with the redshift and parallaxes in such a model. Here the term ‘‘parallaxes’’ stands for the relative motion of two observers at the celestial sphere of a third observer. As an important mathematical tool, the index form along a lightlike geodesic is used.
Reliability of electroencephalogram indicator and event related potential in subacute stroke

Cognitive impairment is observed in 12% to 56% of stroke patients, and screening for cognitive impairment is often complex and time-consuming, with results dependent on patient compliance. Therefore, there is a need for an objective method to assess cognitive impairment regardless of patient compliance. Objective evaluation methods include electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP). This study was conducted to assess intra-tester reliability of resting EEG-based spectral features and auditory/visual P300 latency/amplitude in patients with subacute ischemic stroke. Twenty patients with subacute ischemic stroke were included in the study. The resting EEG and P300 wave using an auditory and visual oddball paradigm were measured at baseline and once again in 24 hours. The following electrode positions (10–20 system) were constantly recorded: F3 (Frontal), Fz, F4, C3 (Central), Cz, C4, P3 (Parietal), Pz, P4. DAR (delta/alpha ratio) and BSI (brain symmetry index) were determined using EEG data. F3 and F4, C3 and C4 and P3 and P4 were switched according to the stroke side and classified as affected hemisphere (AH) and unaffected hemisphere (UH) after the evaluation. In ERP, the amplitude and latency of P300 were obtained. In reliability analysis of EEG-based spectral characteristics, significant reliability was observed for DAR (ICC = 0.447), BSldir (ICC = 0.713) and BSIdirtheta (ICC = 0.724) (Table 4). DAR was showed a poor ICC level, and BSIdir and BSIdirtheta had a moderate ICC level. Visual P300 latency showed excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in several montages (PUH = 0.972, Pz = 0.945). In 6 montages, auditory P300 latency was reliable, while in 9 montages, visual P300 latency was reliable. In 4 montages, auditory P300 amplitude was reliable, while visual P300 amplitude was reliable in 7. The visual P300 was more reliable than the auditory P300. The ICC values for P300 latency were greater than those for amplitude. Therefore, when ERP is performed on subacute stroke patients, visual has higher reliability than auditory.
Simulations of multipactor‐assisted breakdown in radio frequency plasmas

Breakdown in low pressure radio frequency (rf) plasmas is investigated with particle‐in‐cell simulations in a model gas based on argon. A one dimensional model with a realistic rf wave form is used in a range of pressures between 1 and 50 mTorr. Dynamic scaling and electron generated secondaries are introduced in order to simulate breakdown realistically, and it is possible to follow the discharge development from a few initial electrons to the steady state plasma with ne ∼109 cm−3. The results confirm that breakdown is controlled by the resonant multiplication of secondary electrons known as the multipactor. For the pressures investigated, however, ionization is the main source of new charges and a model based on a typical electron trajectory is introduced to account for the growth in the number of electrons in the discharge gap. The model is in good agreement with the simulation results.
Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptomics and Genetic Alterations Identifies Potential Mechanisms Underlying Anthracycline Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer

Anthracycline is a mainstay of treatment for breast cancer patients because of its antitumor activity. However, anthracycline resistance is a critical barrier in treating breast cancer. Thus, it is of great importance to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying anthracycline resistance in breast cancer. Herein, we integrated transcriptome data, genetic alterations data, and clinical data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in anthracycline resistance in breast cancer. Two hundred and four upregulated genes and 1376 downregulated genes were characterized between the anthracycline-sensitive and anthracycline-resistant groups. It was found that drug resistance-associated genes such as ABCB5, CYP1A1, and CYP4Z1 were significantly upregulated in the anthracycline-resistant group. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that the P53 signaling pathway, DNA replication, cysteine, and methionine metabolism pathways were associated with anthracycline sensitivity. Somatic TP53 mutation was a common genetic abnormality observed in the anthracycline-sensitive group, while CDH1 mutation was presented in the anthracycline-resistant group. Immune infiltration patterns were extremely different between the anthracycline-sensitive and anthracycline-resistant groups. Immune-associated chemokines and cytokines, immune regulators, and human leukocyte antigen genes were significantly upregulated in the anthracycline-sensitive group. These results reveal potential molecular mechanisms associated with anthracycline resistance.
Long-term photometric study of FK Comae Berenices and HD 199178

Aims. The rapidly rotating active stars FK Com and HD 199178 are investigated using extensive long-term photometry. The data set includes previously unpublished photometry, obtained at the Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory. We look for periodicities in the long-term photometric behaviour of both stars, as well as for spots, using light curve modelling. Special attention is paid to the behaviour of the "flip-flop" phenomenon. Methods. Light curves in UBV of FK Com and HD 199178 are used to construct an 0-C diagram for each star, and they are modelled to obtain spot distribution. Results. The main result for FK Com is that the "flip-flop" phenomenon is a superposition of an oscillating process of activity and real and fast "flip-flops". For the oscillating component, we obtained a cycle of 5.8 years. The same cycle is also present in other photometric characteristics. The 0-C diagram for HD 199178 shows a cycle of 4.2 years. Modelling of the light curves of both stars reveals a large high-latitude spot on each star and also smaller spots in the equatorial belt or at intermediate latitudes.
Active site architecture of coproporphyrin ferrochelatase with its physiological substrate coproporphyrin III: Propionate interactions and porphyrin core deformation

Coproporphyrin ferrochelatases (CpfCs) are enzymes catalyzing the penultimate step in the coproporphyrin‐dependent (CPD) heme biosynthesis pathway, which is mainly utilized by monoderm bacteria. Ferrochelatases insert ferrous iron into a porphyrin macrocycle and have been studied for many decades, nevertheless many mechanistic questions remain unanswered to date. Especially CpfCs, which are found in the CPD pathway, are currently in the spotlight of research. This pathway was identified in 2015 and revealed that the correct substrate for these ferrochelatases is coproporphyrin III (cpIII) instead of protoporphyrin IX, as believed prior the discovery of the CPD pathway. The chemistry of cpIII, which has four propionates, differs significantly from protoporphyrin IX, which features two propionate and two vinyl groups. These findings let us to thoroughly describe the physiological cpIII‐ferrochelatase complex in solution and in the crystal phase. Here, we present the first crystallographic structure of the CpfC from the representative monoderm pathogen Listeria monocytogenes bound to its physiological substrate, cpIII, together with the in‐solution data obtained by resonance Raman and UV–vis spectroscopy, for wild‐type ferrochelatase and variants, analyzing propionate interactions. The results allow us to evaluate the porphyrin distortion and provide an in‐depth characterization of the catalytically‐relevant binding mode of cpIII prior to iron insertion. Our findings are discussed in the light of the observed structural restraints and necessities for this porphyrin‐enzyme complex to catalyze the iron insertion process. Knowledge about this initial situation is essential for understanding the preconditions for iron insertion in CpfCs and builds the basis for future studies.
Using the standard on objective measures for concert auditoria, ISO 3382, to give reliable results

The current version of the standard ISO 3382 has now been in existence for seven years, yet for many the contents of Annexes A and B on newer measures remain confusing. A major issue is the use to which these measures are put. Where the 'new' measures for auditoria differ from other acoustic parameters is that they refer to a range of subjective effects, which are perceived simultaneously. Using the newer measures requires a good understanding of the multi-dimensional nature of music perception. Measurement data requires interpretation. When measurements are made in unoccupied auditoria, the data requires correction to the situation with full audience. Another issue is how to condense data measured across audience areas. The simplest approach is to present mean values of the different quantities, but this ignores the fact that many quantities vary significantly with location; the disappointment of sitting in a poor seat in an auditorium is no less for the knowledge that the overall mean is good. Several of these issues are discussed here with the aim of promoting more uniformity in the way the objective measures proposed in the Standard are applied by different research groups and companies.
Embedded beam element with interaction surface for lateral loading of piles

This paper presents a numerical formulation of a three dimensional embedded beam element for the modeling of piles, which incorporates an explicit interaction surface between soil and pile. The formulation is herein implemented for lateral loading of piles but is able to represent soil–pile interaction phenomena in a general manner for different types of loading conditions or ground movements. The model assumes perfect adherence between beam and soil along the interaction surface. The paper presents a comparison of the results obtained by means of the present formulation and by means of a previously formulated embedded pile element without interaction surface, as well as reference semi‐analytical solutions and a fully 3D finite element (FE) model. It is seen that the proposed embedded element provides a better convergence behavior than a previously formulated embedded element and is able to reproduce key features of a full 3D FE model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculation Tool for Particulate Fouling Prevention of Tubular Heat Transfer Equipment

Fouling of heat exchangers' heat transfer areas is one of the serious problems of certain process plants. A waste incinerating plant is a typical example of such a process plant. The main process stream in a waste incinerating plant (i.e., produced stream of flue gas) and its thermophysical characteristics and properties significantly influence operating, maintenance, and investment costs of installed equipment and its service life. Moreover, properties of flue gas can vary over a wide range. This contribution deals with the issue of the fouling mechanism at the heat transfer area of tubular heat transfer equipment installed in plants for thermal processing of wastes and presents a mathematical model developed for fouling tendency prediction and for prevention in design and operating of tubular heat transfer equipment designed for applications in waste incinerating plants. Obtained results were compared with experimental data published in worldwide available literature and a very good agreement was found.
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Alleviates Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Induced by D-Galactose and Aluminum Chloride

The effects of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) on a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) were investigated. Wistar rats were given an i.p. injection of 60 mg/kg D-gal and 10 mg/kg AlCl3 to induce AD and three doses of 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg 5-MTHF by oral gavage. A positive control group was treated with 1 mg/kg donepezil by gavage. Morris water maze performance showed that 5 and 10 mg/kg 5-MTHF significantly decreased escape latency and increased the number of platform crossings and time spent in the target quadrant for AD rats. The administration of 10 mg/kg 5-MTHF decreased the brain content of amyloid β-protein 1-42 (Aβ1-42) and phosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau) and decreased acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide synthase activities. Superoxide dismutase activity, vascular endothelial growth factor level and glutamate concentration were increased, and malondialdehyde, endothelin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide decreased. The administration of 10 mg/kg 5-MTHF also increased the expression of disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 10 mRNA and decreased the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 mRNA. In summary, 5-MTHF alleviates memory impairment in a D-gal- and AlCl3-exposed rat model of AD. The inhibition of Aβ1-42 and p-Tau release, reduced oxidative stress, the regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing and the release of excitatory amino acids and cytokines may be responsible.
Efficacy and Safety of Cabozantinib in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study

A multicenter retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We enrolled 53 patients with mRCC who received cabozantinib at eight institutions in Japan. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, we analyzed prognostic factors in patients with mRCC treated with cabozantinib. The median follow-up period was 8 months, and the median OS was 20.0 months. The ORR and DCR were 39.6% and 83.0%, respectively. The median PFS was 11.0 months. PFS was significantly shorter in patients previously treated with at least two tyrosine kinase inhibitors and in those with C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 1.27 mg/dL (p = 0.021 and p = 0.029, respectively). Adverse events of any grade and grades ≥3 occurred in 42 (79.2%) and 10 (18.9%) patients, respectively. Cabozantinib is a useful treatment option for patients with mRCC and may benefit from earlier use. In this study, CRP ≥ 1.27 mg/dL is a poor prognostic factor in patients treated with cabozantinib, and careful follow-up may be required in treating patients with high CRP.
Transport of energetic ions by low-n magnetic perturbations

The stochastic transport of MeV ions induced by low‐n magnetic perturbations is studied, focusing chiefly on the stochastic mechanism operative for passing particles in low‐frequency perturbations. Beginning with a single‐harmonic form for the perturbing field, it is first shown numerically and analytically that the stochastic threshold of energetic particles can be substantially lower than that of the magnetic field, contrary to earlier expectations, so that magnetic perturbations could cause appreciable loss of energetic ions without destroying the bulk confinement. The analytic theory is then extended in a number of directions, to clarify the relation of the present stochastic mechanism to instances already found, to allow for more complex perturbations, and to consider the more general relationship between the stochasticity of magnetic fields and that of particles of differing energies (and pitch angles) moving in those fields. It is shown that the stochastic threshold is, in general, a nonmonotonic f.
Spacelike submanifolds with parallel mean curvature in pseudo-Riemannian space forms

In the last years, several authors have studied spacelike hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature in Lorentzian spaces of constant curvature, see for instance [2],[10], [11]. When the codimension of the spacelike submanifold is greater that one, the natural generalization, that is, the case of parallel mean curvature vector in the normal bundle, has been dealt in [1],[3],[5]. From a technical point of view, the closest case to that of spacelike hypersurfaces is when the codimension is equal to the index of the ambient space, so that, when the normal bundle is negative definite[1],[5],[9]. Under this assumption, it has been mainly used as a tool classicalSimons' formula for the Laplacian of the length of the second fundamental form. However, this technique does not seen to be useful when the normal bundle is not definite.In [3],a different method has been introduced to study compact spacelike submanifolds with parallel mean curvature vector in de Sitter spaces, with non-definite normal bundle. As any index for the normal bundle was allowed, an assumption on the Ricci curvature (automatically satisfiedin the definite case) was shown to be necessary. In this paper we will study compact spacelike submanifolds with (nonzero) parallel mean curvature vector in a pseudo-Riemannian space form with Lorentzian normal bundle (of signature {l,p)). We use the same approach as in [3]; however no assumption on the curvature of the submaifold is now made, and the family of ambient spaces is extended in order to consider flat and negatively curved pseudo-Riemannian space forms. Our study was firstmotivated by the following easy fact: consider a totally umbilical and non-totally geodesic hypersurface Mn of a Riemannian space form of sectional curvature c e R, Nn+l(c). Embedding Nn+1(c) as a totally geodesic submanifold in an
Assessing the Academic Performance of Working Students During Pandemic

The Pandemic took its toll on many industries. Focusing on the Academe, students were forced to transition to a highly experimental modality. Many students have been affected, more specifically the working students. Working students have to manage their time, so their academic performance will likely be affected. This study was initiated to assess the academic performance of working students. The study is quantitative by nature. The study identified 150 working students of UM Tagum College (UMTC). Results revealed that working students had an average descriptive level on their Academic performance. From the results, recommendations were made.
Teachers’ Use of Field Trip to Evaluate Social Studies Lessons in the Senior High Schools in Ghana

: The purpose of the study was to assess teachers’ use of field trips in evaluating Social Studies lessons in Winneba Senior High School in Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Qualitatively, a case study research design was employed for the study. The population of this study comprised all the four (4) Social Studies teachers and Social Studies Association president in Winneba Senior High School. Convenient and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the municipality, Winneba Senior High School and Social Studies teachers and Social Studies Association president for the study. The main instrument for data collection was semi-structured interview guide. The data was analysed through the use of the interpretative method on the themes identified during the data collection. The study indicated that the use of field trips in the teaching and learning of Social Studies has the potential to influence the understanding levels of students and teachers. Therefore, field trips have the potential to help students and teachers to gain new knowledge that may not have been obtained through theoretical learning in the classroom. The study also revealed that organisation of field a trip has some challenges, such as, time as the main factor, financial problems, inadequate support from School Management, Parents and some teachers, nature of the curriculum, the behaviour of students outdoor were related to the research questions and interpreted on the number of issues raised by respondents. It is recommended that procedures for seeking permission be outlined by the Ghana Education Service to facilitate easy permission processes and to reduce the stress associated with seeking permission for organizing field trips for teachers and students in Senior High Schools. It is also recommended that students should be educated more and more by their Social Studies teachers on the importance of embarking on field trips to eliminate the lukewarm attitudes of some of the students. It is recommended that the Regional and District directors of education should ensure constant and effective supervision of teachers to encourage the use of field trips as a teaching strategy for the evaluate Social Studies lessons.