Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary cicatricial alopecia: Recent advances in evaluation and diagnosis based on trichoscopic and histopathological observation, including overlapping and specific features

Primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA) is a form of alopecia in which inflammatory cells target follicles, including the bulge region containing follicular stem cells, leading to permanent alopecia. New classifications of PCA subtypes have recently been proposed, including those that account for novel trichoscopic and histopathological features of PCA, enabling greater precision in the evaluation and diagnosis of this condition. Nonetheless, diagnosis remains challenging clinically and histopathologically because the etiology of PCA is multifactorial. Inconsistent use of terminology, overlapping disease concepts, and changes in the clinical or histopathological severity of inflammation in the disease course in the same patient also make diagnosis quite challenging. The present study comprehensively reviews recent progress in diagnostic techniques, including the use of clinical, trichoscopic, and histopathological features, in evaluating each PCA subtype, containing overlapping and specific features. Elucidating the features of PCA, including those that are common to multiple subtypes as well as specific to each in both early and advanced‐stage lesions, is important for accurate diagnosis. Improving the evaluation and treatment of this disease depends on having a broader clinical understanding that takes into account not only the features of the disease at a given point in time, but also the changes that occur during the entire disease course.
Using a Digital Meditation Application to Mitigate Anxiety and Sleep Problems in Children with ADHD

Objective: ADHD affects 11% of children in the United States and is associated with significant levels of anxiety. Although the literature supports mindfulness-based interventions as a promising strategy for managing anxiety, it falls short in the feasibility of digital mindfulness interventions. Method: This study investigated the usefulness of the pediatric version of Headspace, a digital mindfulness program, for reducing stress in 18 children with ADHD. We conducted a 4-week pilot study to evaluate the Headspace digital mindfulness application for children ages 6 to 12 with ADHD. Parents completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire at baseline and endpoint. Results: Participants had an average age of 9.2 years and were 78% male. The Headspace intervention significantly reduced anxiety and sleep problems in children with ADHD. Conclusion: Children with ADHD and comorbid anxiety and/or sleep problems could benefit from a digitally based meditation application. (J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX(X) XX-XX)
Racial disparities in reliable contraceptive use in women with heart disease*

Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in reliable contraceptive use between black women and white women with maternal cardiac disease. Methods The study comprised a retrospective cohort of women with maternal cardiac disease managed by the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Comprehensive Pregnancy and Heart Program (CPHP). Women were included if they had attended one or more prenatal visits at the UAB CPHP and delivered at the UAB hospital between March 2015 and June 2019. The primary outcome was reliable contraceptive use within 2 months postpartum, defined by receipt of long-acting reversible contraception (i.e., an intrauterine contraceptive device or an etonogestrel implant) or female sterilisation. All outcomes were compared based on self-reported race. Results One hundred and forty-nine women met the inclusion criteria. Black women (n = 63) were more likely than white women (n = 86) to use reliable contraception (65% vs 43%; p = 0.008). Black women were less likely than white women to be undecided or decline contraception at the time of admission (13% vs 27%; p = 0.037). There was no difference in reliable contraceptive use between black women (n = 20, 63%) and white women (n = 23, 72%) with modified World Health Organisation (WHO) class III/IV lesions (p = 0.42). Conclusion Black women with maternal cardiac disease were more likely than white women to receive reliable contraception. Interventions to prevent unintended pregnancy in women with maternal cardiac disease should focus on improving reliable contraceptive use, especially for women with modified WHO class III/IV lesions.
Network analysis of the novel The Master and Margarita

The network analysis of the structure of social relationships in one of the most popular in Russian novels of the Soviet era by M. A. Bulgakov The Master and Margarita was carried out. The structure of the novel is complex, i.e., there is the novel within the novel. In our study, only relations between explicitly present and acting characters were taken into account; the mentioned characters as well as expected connections between characters were not taken into account. Based on the character interaction matrix, a graph was constructed, the vertices of which are the characters of the novel, while the edges correspond to connection between them. In our study, only the explicit interaction of the characters on the stage was considered. Interaction, i.e., bidirectional action, leads to the fact that, in our study, the social network is described by an ordinary, rather than directed graph. The largest connected component of the graph consists of 153 characters. Centralities, such as degree, betweenness, closeness, eigenvector, assortativity coefficient, were computed to characterize the network. The assortativity coefficient of the network under consideration equals to −0.177, which indicates artificiality of the network. The structure of communities in the network was analyzed using the Girvan—Newman algorithm. In addition to the obvious large communities — the characters from the Gospel part of the novel, the characters of the Moscow part of the novel, the characters of the other world — the algorithm also revealed a more subtle structure in the Moscow part of the novel: communities of writers, a hospital, and a theater. Using the analysis of centralities, a group of main characters has been detected. It turned out unexpectedly that — although the main character himself calls the novel within the novel The novel about Pilate— the central character of the Gospel part of the novel is Aphranius, rather than Pontius Pilate. Another central figures of the novel are Bezdomny, Koroviev, Behemoth, Berlioz, Zheldybin, Woland and Azazello. In the course of the study, we encountered a number of problems, the main is the difficulty of automating the study of social connections in novels.
Phonon Anharmonicity in Cu-Based Layered Thiophosphates

In this work, we performed temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy studies on three layered metal thiophosphates: CuInP2S6, CuCrP2S6, and CuInP2S6-In4/3P2S6 heterostructures. These materials are emerging multiferroics, with CuInP2S6 and CuInP2S6-In4/3P2S6 exhibiting room temperature ferrielectric polarization while CuCrP2S6 is both anti-ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic at low temperatures (<145 and<30 K, respectively). We studied two prominent peaks in the Raman spectra of these compounds, namely their P-P and P-S stretching modes. First order linear fits to the mode softening yielded coefficients similar to other layered materials. Furthermore, analysis of the phonon decay revealed the dominant role of anharmonic effects rather than thermal expansion. In particular, the decay of the optical phonons was found to be governed by three-phonon processes in CuInP2S6 and CuCrP2S6 and by the four-phonon process in the CuInP2S6-In4/3P2S6 heterostructures. These phonon lifetimes were found to be less than 1 ps, indicating high scattering rates and showing the potential for these materials to be used in thermoelectric applications.
Differential gene expression of BCL‐2, ZEB2‑AS1 and BALR‐2 in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) are highly prevalent heterogeneous disorders among men. Whereas PCa and BPH underline common pathological features, apoptotic‐related genes might be differentially expressed in these diseases. This study was aimed at testing BCL‐2 as well as BALR‐2 and ZEB2‑AS1 apoptosis‐related long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) in patients with PCa and BPH. The expression levels of the BCL‐2 gene and ZEB2‐AS1 lncRNA were upregulated in tumoural tissues in comparison to adjacent non‐cancerous tissues (ANCTs) and BPH tissues. In contrast, the expression level of BALR‐2 lncRNA was significantly higher in BPH compared with tumoural tissues. Furthermore, while no association was noticed between the relative expression of ZEB2‐AS1 and the tumour grade, the relative expression of BCL‐2 and BALR‐2 is strongly associated with a higher grade of the tumour in PCa samples compared with the ANCTs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated the highest specificity and diagnostic value in distinguishing PCa and ANCTs as well as PCa and BPH, respectively. In conclusion, altered expression of BCL‐2 and BALR‐2 was observed to be associated with tumoural progression and could be used as potential candidates for distinguishing PCa tissues from ANCTs or BPH samples.
Input Beam Matching and Beam Dynamics Design Optimizations of the IsoDAR RFQ Using Statistical and Machine Learning Techniques

We present a novel machine learning-based approach to generate fast-executing virtual radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) particle accelerators using surrogate modelling. These could potentially be used as on-line feedback tools during beam commissioning and operation, and to optimize the RFQ beam dynamics design prior to construction. Since surrogate models execute orders of magnitude faster than corresponding physics beam dynamics simulations using standard tools like PARMTEQM and RFQGen, the computational complexity of the multi-objective optimization problem reduces significantly. Ultimately, this presents a computationally inexpensive and time efficient method to perform sensitivity studies and an optimization of the crucial RFQ beam output parameters like transmission and emittances. Two different methods of surrogate model creation (polynomial chaos expansion and neural networks) are discussed and the achieved model accuracy is evaluated for different study cases with gradually increasing complexity, ranging from a simple FODO cell example to the full RFQ optimization. We find that variations of the beam input Twiss parameters can be reproduced well. The prediction of the beam with respect to hardware changes, e.g., the electrode modulation, are challenging on the other hand. We discuss possible reasons for that and elucidate nevertheless existing benefits of the applied method to RFQ beam dynamics design.
Prototypical Model with Novel Information-theoretic Loss Function for Generalized Zero Shot Learning

Generalized zero shot learning (GZSL) is still a technical challenge of deep learning as it has to recognize both source and target classes without data from target classes. To preserve the semantic relation between source and target classes when only trained with data from source classes, we address the quantification of the knowledge transfer and semantic relation from an information-theoretic viewpoint. To this end, we follow the prototypical model and format the variables of concern as a probability vector. Leveraging on the proposed probability vector representation, the information measurement such as mutual information and entropy, can be effectively evaluated with simple closed forms. We discuss the choice of common embedding space and distance function when using the prototypical model. Then We propose three information-theoretic loss functions for deterministic GZSL model: a mutual information loss to bridge seen data and target classes; an uncertainty-aware entropy constraint loss to prevent overfitting when using seen data to learn the embedding of target classes; a semantic preserving cross entropy loss to preserve the semantic relation when mapping the semantic representations to the common space. Simulation shows that, as a deterministic model, our proposed method obtains state of the art results on GZSL benchmark datasets. We achieve 21%-64% improvements over the baseline model -- deep calibration network (DCN) and for the first time demonstrate a deterministic model can perform as well as generative ones. Moreover, our proposed model is compatible with generative models. Simulation studies show that by incorporating with f-CLSWGAN, we obtain comparable results compared with advanced generative models.
Unexpected arterial thrombosis and acute limb ischemia in COVID-19 patients. Results from the Ibero-Latin American acute arterial thrombosis registry in COVID-19: (ARTICO-19)

Objective Few studies have focused on arterial thrombosis and acute limb ischemia in COVID-19. This international registry intended to study the spectrum of clinical characteristics, therapeutic trends, and outcomes in a cohort of Ibero-Latin American patients with arterial thrombosis or acute limb ischemia and COVID-19. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from 21 centers in 9 countries. Patients with proven COVID-19 and asymptomatic or symptomatic arterial thrombosis were included. COVID-19 diagnosis was established by RT-PCR assay or IgM serology plus suggestive clinical/radiographical findings. We recorded and analyzed variables related to demography, clinical presentation, therapeutic trends, and outcomes. Results Eighty one patients were included in the registry. In 38.3%, acute limb ischemia symptoms were the first manifestation of COVID-19. Non-surgical management was more frequent in severe cases than surgical interventions, 11.1% vs. 88.9%, respectively (p = 0.004). Amputation rates were similar between all COVID severity groups (p = 0.807). Treatment was classified as non-surgical, open surgical, and endovascular treatment. Further analysis revealed an equal frequency of major leg amputation between treatment groups and increased mortality in patients with non-surgical management. However, multivariate regression analysis showed that treatment choices are associated with disease severity, with significant non-surgical treatment in critical patients; thus, mortality is related to the severity and confounds treatment analysis. Conclusion Arterial thrombosis can be the initial symptom of a patient presenting with COVID-19. Physicians and health workers should potentially suspect COVID-19 in acute ischemia cases without a known risk factor or embolic cause. More experimental and clinical research is required to understand the complex phenomenon of arterial COVID-19 induced coagulopathy fully.
STSM: Spatio-Temporal Shift Module for Efficient Action Recognition

The modeling, computational cost, and accuracy of traditional Spatio-temporal networks are the three most concentrated research topics in video action recognition. The traditional 2D convolution has a low computational cost, but it cannot capture the time relationship; the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) model based on 3D convolution can obtain good performance, but its computational cost is high, and the amount of parameters is large. In this paper, we propose a plug-and-play Spatio-temporal Shift Module (STSM), which is a generic module that is both effective and high-performance. Specifically, after STSM is inserted into other networks, the performance of the network can be improved without increasing the number of calculations and parameters. In particular, when the network is 2D CNNs, our STSM module allows the network to learn efficient Spatio-temporal features. We conducted extensive evaluations of the proposed module, conducted numerous experiments to study its effectiveness in video action recognition, and achieved state-of-the-art results on the kinetics-400 and Something-Something V2 datasets.
Gross anatomy of the craniolateral antebrachial muscles in kinkajou (Potos flavus, Carnivora): Intra‐ and interspecific variants within the family Procyonidae

The kinkajou (Potos flavus) is a carnivoran that has special morphological adaptations in its thoracic limbs to climb threes and handling food. This study aimed to describe the craniolateral muscles of the antebrachium in P. flavus. Five specimens were used. The extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis were seen as two separate muscles. The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle can present two bellies with different insertions. An extensor digit III muscle was found. The P. flavus has anatomical variants on the craniolateral antebrachial muscles that were previously reported in other procyonids. Thus, those variants are phylogenetically related within the family Procyonidae, except the doubled bellies of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle which is exclusive of P. flavus.
Optimizing Write Fidelity of MRAMs via Iterative Water-filling Algorithm

Magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) is a promising memory technology due to its high density, non-volatility, and high endurance. However, achieving high memory fidelity incurs significant write-energy costs, which should be reduced for large-scale deployment of MRAMs. In this paper, we formulate a \emph{biconvex} optimization problem to optimize write fidelity given energy and latency constraints. The basic idea is to allocate non-uniform write pulses depending on the importance of each bit position. The fidelity measure we consider is mean squared error (MSE), for which we optimize write pulses via \emph{alternating convex search (ACS)}. By using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, we derive analytic solutions and propose an \emph{iterative water-filling-type} algorithm by leveraging the analytic solutions. Hence, the proposed iterative water-filling algorithm is computationally more efficient than the original ACS while their solutions are identical. Although the original ACS and the proposed iterative water-filling algorithm do not guarantee global optimality, the MSEs obtained by the proposed algorithm are comparable to the MSEs by complicated global nonlinear programming solvers. Furthermore, we prove that the proposed algorithm can reduce the MSE exponentially with the number of bits per word. For an 8-bit accessed word, the proposed algorithm reduces the MSE by a factor of 21. We also evaluate the proposed algorithm for MNIST dataset classification supposing that the model parameters of deep neural networks are stored in MRAMs. The numerical results show that the optimized write pulses can achieve \SI{40}{\%} write energy reduction for a given classification accuracy.
A Prototype of a Large Tunable Fabry–Pérot Interferometer for Solar Spectroscopy

Large Fabry–Pérot Interferometers (FPIs) are used in a variety of astronomical instrumentation, including spectro-polarimeters for 4 m class solar telescopes. In this work we comprehensively characterize the cavity of a prototype 150 mm FPI, sporting a novel, fully symmetric design. Of particular interest, we define a new method to properly assess the gravity effects on the interferometer’s cavity when the system is used in either the vertical or horizontal configuration, both typical of solar observations. We show that the symmetric design very effectively limits the combined effects of pre-load and gravity forces to only a few nm over a 120 mm diameter illuminated surface, with gravity contributing ∼2 nm peak-to-valley (∼0.3 nm rms) in either configuration. We confirm a variation of the tilt between the plates of the interferometer during the spectral scan, which can be mitigated with appropriate corrections to the spacing commands. Finally, we show that the dynamical response of the new system fully satisfies typical operational scenarios. We conclude that large, fully symmetric FPIs can be safely used within solar instrumentation in both, horizontal and vertical position, with the latter better suited to limiting the overall volume occupied by such an instrument.
Measurement of net thrust in flight

The feasibility and accuracy of the traversing-rake system, which samples pressures and temperatures through the engine exhaust, were compared with the interal General Electric gas-generator method in subsonic flight. Results of the first eight runs show agreement within 1% gross thrust and 5% net thrust with the rake as a standard. A North American Vigilante airplane with J-79 engines, which have convergent-divergent aerodynamic nozzles and large secondary airflows, was used. The rake promises developmental and research application bypassing extensive engine-test cell calibrations. Data reduction procedures are lengthy but conducive to automation. Acceptable results are predicted for supersonic tests to Mach 2.
A Comparison of Multiphase Magnetic Field Tracers in a High Galactic Latitude Region of the Filamentary Interstellar Medium

Understanding how the Galactic magnetic field threads the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) remains a considerable challenge, as different magnetic field tracers probe dissimilar phases and field components. We search for evidence of a common magnetic field shared between the ionized and neutral ISM by comparing 1.4 GHz radio continuum polarization and H i line emission from the Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array Continuum Transit Survey (GALFACTS) and Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array H i (GALFA-H i) survey, respectively. We compute the polarization gradient of the continuum emission and search for associations with diffuse/translucent H i structures. The polarization gradient is sensitive to changes in the integrated product of the thermal electron density and line-of-sight field strength (B ∥) in warm ionized gas, while narrow H i structures highlight the plane-of-sky field orientation in cold neutral gas. We identified one region in the high Galactic latitude Arecibo sky, G216+26 centered on (ℓ, b) ∼ (216°, +26°), containing filaments in the polarization gradient that are aligned with narrow H i structures roughly parallel to the Galactic plane. We present a comparison of multiphase observations and magnetic field tracers of this region, demonstrating that the warm ionized and cold neutral media are connected likely via a common magnetic field. We quantify the physical properties of a polarization gradient filament associated with Hα emission, measuring a line-of-sight field strength B ∥ = 6 ± 4 μG and a plasma beta β=2.1−2.1+3.1 . We discuss the lack of widespread multiphase magnetic field alignments and consider whether this region is associated with a short-timescale or physically rare phenomenon. This work highlights the utility of multitracer analyses for understanding the magnetized ISM.
Ergodic Capacity of IRS-Assisted MIMO Systems With Correlation and Practical Phase-Shift Modeling

We focus on the maximization of the exact ergodic capacity (EC) of a point-to-point multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system assisted by an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). In addition, we account for the effects of correlated Rayleigh fading and the intertwinement between the amplitude and the phase shift of the reflecting coefficient of each IRS element, which are usually both neglected despite their presence in practice. Random matrix theory tools allow to derive the probability density function (PDF) of the cascaded channel in closed form, and subsequently, the EC, which depend only on the large-scale statistics and the phase shifts. Notably, we optimize the EC with respect to the phase shifts with low overhead, i.e., once per several coherence intervals instead of the burden of frequent necessary optimization required by expressions being dependent on instantaneous channel information. Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations verify the analytical results and demonstrate the insightful interplay among the key parameters and their impact on the EC.