Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BRIEF REPORT

Introduction : The COVID-19 vaccine has become available to children ages 5-12, yet vaccine uptake is suboptimal. Political ideology is a correlate of COVID-related beliefs and vaccine likelihood among US adults. However, since political ideology is not easily modifiable, attention to modifiable mechanisms that may explain links between political ideology and vaccine hesitancy is important in addressing this public health crisis. Caregiver attitudes around vaccine safety and efficacy have been related to vaccine uptake in other populations and warrant additional study in the context of COVID-19. The current study examined whether caregiver’s attitudes regarding the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine mediated the relationship between caregiver political ideology and likelihood of having their child vaccinated. Methods : 144 US caregivers of children (6-12 years) completed an online survey in summer 2021 to assess political ideology, vaccine-related beliefs, and likelihood of having their child vaccinated against COVID-19. Results : Caregivers with more liberal political views reported higher likelihood of eventual child vaccination compared to caregivers who reported a more conservative views ( t (81) = 6.08, BCa CI [2.97, 5.67]). Moreover, parallel mediation models indicated caregiver? s perceptions of risks (BCa CI [-.98, -.10]) and efficacy (BCa CI [-3.16, -2.15]) of the vaccine each mediated the aforementioned relationship, with perceived efficacy explaining significantly more variance than risks. Conclusions : Findings extend knowledge by identifying social cognitive factors that impact caregiver vaccine hesitancy. Interventions to address caregiver’s hesitancy to have their child vaccinated through modifying caregiver’s inaccurate beliefs regarding vaccines or enhancing perceptions of vaccine efficacy is warranted.
Oxylipin studies exposeaspirinas antifungal

Oxylipin studies exposeaspirinas antifungal Johan L. F. Kock, Olihile M. Sebolai, Carolina H. Pohl, Pieter W. J. van Wyk & Elizabeth J. Lodolo Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; and SABLtd Brewing Centre of Excellence, Alrode, South Africa
Anti-Erythrocyte Autoantibodies Pathogenic Activity of IgG1 but Not IgG2a Lack of Galactosylation Enhances the

IgG bears asparagine-linked oligosaccharide side chains in the Fc region. Variations in their extent of galactosylation and sialylation could modulate IgG Fc-dependent effector functions, and hence Ab activity. However, it has not yet been clariﬁed whether the pathogenic potential of IgG autoantibodies is consistently enhanced by the absence of galactose residues per se or the lack of terminal sialylation, which is dependent on galactosylation. Moreover, it remains to be deﬁned whether the increased pathogenicity of agalactosylated IgG is related to activation of the complement pathway by mannose-binding lectin, as suggested by in vitro studies. Using a murine model of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, we deﬁned the contribution of galactosylation or sialylation to the pathogenic activity of IgG1 and IgG2a anti-erythrocyte class-switch variants of 34-3C monoclonal autoantibody. We generated their degalactosylated or highly sialylated glycovariants and compared their pathogenic effects with those of highly galactosylated or desialylated counterparts. Our results demonstrated that lack of galactosylation, but not sialylation, enhanced the pathogenic activity of 34-3C IgG1, but not IgG2a autoantibodies. Moreover, analysis of in vivo complement activation and of the pathogenic activity in mice deﬁcient in C3 or IgG FcRs excluded the implication of mannose-binding lectin-mediated complement activation in the enhanced pathogenic effect of agalactosylated IgG1 anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 192:
Alagesan, Swathi and Minton, Nigel P. and Malys, Naglis

Introduction Cupriavidus necator H16 is a gram-negative bacterium, capable of lithoautotrophic growth by utilizing hydrogen as an energy source and fixing carbon dioxide (CO2) through Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle. The potential to utilize synthesis gas (Syngas) and the prospects of rerouting carbon from polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis to value-added compounds makes C. necator an excellent chassis for industrial application. Objectives In the context of lack of sufficient quantitative information of the metabolic pathways and to advance in rational metabolic engineering for optimized product synthesis in C. necator H16, we carried out a metabolic flux analysis based on steady-state 13C-labelling. Methods In this study, steady-state carbon labelling experiments, using either d-[1-13C]fructose or [1,2-13C]glycerol, were undertaken to investigate the carbon flux through the central carbon metabolism in C. necator H16 under heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth conditions, respectively. Results We found that the CBB cycle is active even under heterotrophic condition, and growth is indeed mixotrophic. While Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway is shown to be the major route for sugar degradation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is highly active in mixotrophic condition. Enhanced flux is observed in reductive pentose phosphate pathway (redPPP) under the mixotrophic condition to supplement the precursor requirement for CBB cycle. The flux distribution was compared to the mRNA abundance of genes encoding enzymes involved in key enzymatic reactions of the central carbon metabolism. Conclusion This study leads the way to establishing 13C-based quantitative fluxomics for rational pathway engineering in C. necator H16.
Using Grades to Evaluate a Career Course: Technical Report No. 43

Grades in a standardized career course offered at a large southeastern university over a 26-year period were analyzed to measure the course impact on student learning. The analysis examined the extent to which course structures and procedures affected grades, how grades differed across terms and whether there were changes in grade trends over time. The relationship between expected and earned grades was also examined along with instructor effectiveness ratings. Results indicated that did not differ across quarter and semester systems or following the introduction of a plus/minus grading scheme. However, grades were lower toward the end of the 26-year period following the introduction of a career theory base to the course and coinciding with the more widespread use of the Internet in career research report writing. The results revealed that 74 percent of the 6,176 students completing the course met the learning objectives of the course with a grade of B+ or higher. Grades in the summer were significantly higher than grades in the spring or fall, and grades in the spring were significantly higher than the fall. When grades were examined over six time periods, the grades in the most recent time period were lower than those in any other time period. To examine the relationship between expected and earned grades, data were obtained from instructors during the period of fall 1999 through summer 2004. A difference was found between aggregated Expected GPA and Earned GPA across semesters, with the same order of differences as noted above with overall grades: summer was higher than spring or fall, and spring higher than fall. Each term, students expected higher grades than they earned. In addition, students meeting 4 times per week had larger differences in expected and earned GPAs than students meeting once, twice, or three times per week. With respect to ratings of instructor effectiveness, students in both the fall and spring rated instructors higher than in the summer term, and students in the spring gave higher ratings than in the fall. Finally, we found that the Expected GPA and the instructor rating were significant predictors of the Earned GPA. The findings of this study of career course grades were discussed in terms of the issue of grade inflation in postsecondary education, the use of grades as a method of career course evaluation, how the structure of the course grading rubric is based on the instructional goals and philosophy of the instructor, and the deliberate use of career courses as a career intervention in colleges and universities.
Short-Term Reactive Power Planning to Minimize Cost of Energy Losses Considering PV Systems

This paper presents a new planning framework for minimizing the cost of energy losses by utilizing utility/customer-owned photovoltaic (PV) inverters. First, a new reactive power planning model is proposed to minimize the cost of energy losses by determining the optimal investment in PV inverters considering overrating and/or active power limitation. It provides a tool for utility planners to evaluate the options of utilizing PV inverters, where the inverters are utilized to provide a fixed margin of reactive power, as alternative solutions to the conventional capacitor banks. Second, based on the proposed model, a new planning approach is introduced to cope with the ever increasing renewable energy integration by considering the changing-scenarios of PV installations in terms of numbers, locations, and sizes. The planning approach provides utility-planners with “flexible” reactive power support options that can change “adaptively” according to any new connection of utility/customer PV systems in the network. The proposed planning model is formulated using an optimal power flow-based technique, and tested on 16- and 81-bus distribution systems. The performance is evaluated considering various scenarios and by performing sensitivity analyses. The results show that considerable reductions in energy losses’ costs can be achieved using the proposed planning approach.
PPA_A_315543 1913..1927

1Yale School of Medicine, AIDS Program, New Haven, CT, USA; 2Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; 3Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA; 4APT Foundation, Inc., New Haven, CT, USA; 5The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Hanover, NH, USA; 6Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; 7Cochrane Institute for Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; 8Centre of Excellence on Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Background: Women with substance use disorders (SUDs) are a key population for HIV prevention with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), though uptake is limited by awareness of PrEP, misestimation of personal HIV risk, and minimally integrated HIV prevention and addiction treatment services. Patient-centered decision aids (DA) could address these barriers to PrEP, but no extant DA for PrEP has been published, including for women with SUDs. Methods: We developed a patient-centered PrEP DA for women in addiction treatment. In a pilot randomized preference trial, we compared the DA to enhanced standard of care (eSOC) providing standardized information. The primary outcome was opting to receive more information through the DA; we also assessed the impact of the DA on PrEP decisional preference and PrEP uptake over 12 months. Results: A total of 164 enrolled participants (DA: 83; eSOC: 81) were similar in terms of HIV risk and demographics, which are representative of women in addiction treatment programs nationally, and most (92%) had opioid use disorder. Half of participants were PrEP eligible, though 37% underestimated their personal HIV risk. Independent correlates of selecting the PrEP DA relative to eSOC included higher alcohol use severity (aOR 4.13, 95% CI 1.05–16.28, p=0.04) and perception of high risk for HIV (aOR 2.95, 95% CI 1.19–7.35, p=0.02). For those selecting the DA, interest in PrEP increased significantly from 25% to 89%. DA participants were also significantly more likely than eSOC participants to see a provider for PrEP during follow-up (15.7% vs 6.2%; p=0.05). Conclusion: Half of the women selected to use the DA, and those who did significantly increased their engagement in the HIV prevention cascade through increased interest in and initiation of PrEP. Future iterations should accelerate the HIV prevention cascade for women with SUDs by integrating PrEP decision aids into existing addiction treatment services and actively linking women to PrEP.
Bone health of middle-aged and older surfers

Purpose: Given the lack of research investigating sur ﬁ ng and bone health, we aimed to assess the bone mineral density (BMD) of middle-aged and older surfers. Patients and methods: In a cross-sectional observational design, we compared a group of middle-aged and older surfers to a group of non-surfers, age- and sex-matched controls. Participants were males, aged between 50 and 75 years. Volunteers were assessed for body mass index, bone-speci ﬁ c physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ) scores, daily calcium intake, and alcohol intake. Primary outcomes included BMD at the femur and lumbar spine (LS), and T-score, assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone biomarkers were also analyzed. Results: A total of 104 participants (59 surfers and 45 controls) were assessed. Groups were similar with regards to all demographic characteristics except for percentage of lean mass (higher in surfers, mean difference [MD] +2.57%; 95% CI 0.05 – 5.09; p =0.046) and current BPAQ score (lower in surfers; MD − 0.967; 95% CI − 0.395 to − 1.539; p =0.001). Surfers had a mean sur ﬁ ng experience of 41.2 (SD ±11.8) years and mean sur ﬁ ng exposure of 26.9 (SD ±15.0) hours/month. Controls were divided into two groups, according to their main physical activity: weight-bearing/ high intensity (WBHI) and non-weight-bearing/low intensity (NWBLI). When compared to NWBLI controls, surfers had higher LS BMD (MD +0.064; 95% CI 0.002 – 0.126; p =0.041) and higher T-score (MD +0.40; 95% CI 0.01 – 0.80; p =0.042); however, surfers had a lower T-score than the WBHI group (MD − 0.52; 95% CI − 0.02 to − 1.0; p =0.039). No other differences were found between groups. Conclusion: The ﬁ ndings of this study support our hypothesis that regular sur ﬁ ng may be an effective physical activity for middle-aged and older men to decrease bone deterioration related to aging, as we identi ﬁ ed positive results for surfers in relation to primary outcomes.
Dogs infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in São Domingos do Capim, State of Pará, Brazil*

Almeida V.T. , Kobayashi Y.T. da S. , Roque A.L.R. , Barros J.H. S. , de Castro L.R. S. , Madeira E.A. O. , Uzcategui R.A. R. & Fernandes J.I. Dogs infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in São Domingos do Capim, State of Pará, Brazil. [Infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi em cães em São Domingos do Capim, Estado do Pará, Brasil. ] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(supl. 1):106112, 2015. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus II, BR 316 Km 62, Castanhal, PA 68743-970, Brasil. E-mail: vitalmeida21@hotmail.com The objective of this study was to determine the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi among dogs naturally infected by it inside four rural communities at the Municipality of São Domingos do Capim located in the Northeastern Pará, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 113 dogs and 85.7% (30/35) of the serologically positive dogs had their blood re-collected after three months. The diagnosis of T. cruzi infection was performed by: fresh blood examination, hemoconcentration, hemoculture, as well as the serological assays Indirect Immunofluorescence Essay (IFAT) and Imunoenzimatic essay (ELISA). The presence of positive dogs in both serologic tests (IFAT + ELISA) was 31% (35/113), distributed among the four communities as follows: (12/44) Uricuriteua, (19/40) Cezaréia, (1/16) Aliança and (3/13) Catita. None of the samples was positive in the fresh blood examination or hemoconcentration, although it was possible to isolate T. cruzi, DTU TcI in one dog sample during its blood re-collection. These results show how dogs are exposed to the T. cruzi transmission cycle, revealing their importance as sentinels for the presence of this parasite in the studied area.
Outcomes with Early and Late Onset Breast Cancer in Pakistani Women

The incidence of breast cancer is increasing alarmingly in Pakistani population and is 2.5 times higher than neighboring countries India and Iran (Shaukat el al., 2013). Breast cancer in women younger than 40 years of age has been associated with worse outcome and a distinct distribution of prognostic factors when compared with older counterparts (Adami et al., 1986; Chung et al., 1996; Sidon et al., 2003). This poor outcome in younger population is more significant for early stage of breast cancer. Gnerlich and colleagues retrospectively reviewed 15,548 patients with breast cancer younger than 40 years of age treated over a period of 15 years and found younger women to be at an increased risk of dying than their older control groups if diagnosed with
University of Birmingham "I was a full time proper smoker": a qualitiative exploration of smoking in the home after childbirth among women who relapse postpartum

Background Many women stop smoking during pregnancy but relapse shortly afterwards, potentially putting their infants at risk of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Women who were able to stop during pregnancy may be a motivated group, receptive to making behaviour changes postpartum to protect their infant from SHS exposure. Understanding more about their experiences of relapse, and if this influences home smoking behaviours and children ’ s exposure to SHS in the home may help to inform intervention development to prevent infant SHS exposure.
Potential for identification of wild night-flying moths by remote infrared microscopy

There are hundreds of thousands of moth species with crucial ecological roles that are often obscured by their nocturnal lifestyles. The pigmentation and appearance of moths are dominated by cryptic diffuse shades of brown. In this study, 82 specimens representing 26 moth species were analysed using infrared polarimetric hyperspectral imaging in the range of 0.95–2.5 µm. Contrary to previous studies, we demonstrate that since infrared light does not resolve the surface roughness, wings appear glossy and specular at longer wavelengths. Such properties provide unique reflectance spectra between species. The reflectance of the majority of our species could be explained by comprehensive models, and a complete parametrization of the spectral, polarimetric and angular optical properties was reduced to just 11 parameters with physical units. These parameters are complementary and, compared with the within-species variation, were significantly distinct between species. Counterintuitively to the aperture-limited resolution criterion, we could deduce microscopic features along the surface from their infrared properties. These features were confirmed by electron microscopy. Finally, we show how our findings could greatly enhance opportunities for remote identification of free-flying moth species, and we hypothesize that such flat specular wing targets could be expected to be sensed over considerable distances.
The spread of technological innovations: effects of psychology, culture and policy interventions

Technological innovations drive the evolution of human societies. The success of innovations depends not only on their actual benefits but also on how potential adopters perceive them and how their beliefs are affected by their social and cultural environment. To deepen our understanding of socio-psychological processes affecting the new technology spread, we model the joint dynamics of three interlinked processes: individual learning and mastering the new technology, changes in individual attitudes towards it, and changes in individual adoption decisions. We assume that the new technology can potentially lead to a higher benefit but achieving it requires learning. We posit that individual decision-making process as well as their attitudes are affected by cognitive dissonance and conformity with peers and an external authority. Individuals vary in different psychological characteristics and in their attitudes. We investigate both transient dynamics and long-term equilibria observed in our model. We show that early adopters are usually individuals who are characterized by low cognitive dissonance and low conformity with peers but are sensitive to the effort of an external authority promoting the innovation. We examine the effectiveness of five different intervention strategies aiming to promote the diffusion of a new technology: training individuals, providing subsidies for early adopters, increasing the visibility of peer actions, simplifying the exchange of opinions between people, and increasing the effort of an external authority. We also discuss the effects of culture on the spread of innovations. Finally, we demonstrate that neglecting the cognitive forces and the dynamic nature of individual attitudes can lead to wrong conclusions about adoption of innovations. Our results can be useful in developing more efficient policies aiming to promote the spread of new technologies in different societies, cultures and countries.
Plane strain wedge indentation revisited

For a plane strain wedge indentation problem, detailed comparisons between slip-line field theory (SLFT) solutions, experimental observations and finite-element analysis results are carried out. Several past remaining questions on this problem are explored. The finite-element computations appear to account for the nature of a modified slip-line field solution (Petryk H. 1980 Journal de Mécanique Appliquée 4, 255–282) that assumes the existence of an additional fan-shaped slip-line field just above the boundary between yielding and unyielding regions. For obtuse-angled wedges, finite-element computations show that the indentation load could be smaller for a rough wedge than for a smooth wedge. The question that was raised in the literature with respect to the reversed order of required loads for smooth and rough wedges is not necessarily a paradox. It is revealed that with increasing friction coefficient, a distinct deformation mode resembling the dead metal cap solution in the SLFT is established immediately after passing the critical friction coefficient value at which the contact mode theoretically changes from frictional sliding to perfect sticking. The profiles of the bulged-out lip material remain straight in all the finite-element computations for non-hardening materials. Nonlinearity of the lip profiles frequently observed in experiments appears in the presence of strain hardening or strain-rate sensitivity.
Tailored acoustic metamaterials. Part I. Thin- and thick-walled Helmholtz resonator arrays

We present a novel multipole formulation for computing the band structures of two-dimensional arrays of cylindrical Helmholtz resonators. This formulation is derived by combining existing multipole methods for arrays of ideal cylinders with the method of matched asymptotic expansions. We construct asymptotically close representations for the dispersion equations of the first band surface, correcting and extending an established lowest-order (isotropic) result in the literature for thin-walled resonator arrays. The descriptions we obtain for the first band are accurate over a relatively broad frequency and Bloch vector range and not simply in the long-wavelength and low-frequency regime, as is the case in many classical treatments. Crucially, we are able to capture features of the first band, such as low-frequency anisotropy, over a broad range of filling fractions, wall thicknesses and aperture angles. In addition to describing the first band we use our formulation to compute the first band gap for both thin- and thick-walled resonators, and find that thicker resonator walls correspond to both a narrowing of the first band gap and an increase in the central band gap frequency.