Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reinterpretation of Depositional Processes in a Classic Flysch Sequence (Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group), Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas and Oklahoma: Discussion

The Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma has conventionally been interpreted by many workers, including us, as a classic flysch sequence dominated by turbidites in a submarine fan setting; however, normal size grading and Bouma sequences, indicative of turbidite deposition, are essentially absent in these sandstone beds. They appear massive (i.e., structureless) in outcrop, but when slabbed reveal diagnostic internal features. These beds exhibit sharp and irregular upper bedding contacts, inverse size grading, floating mudstone clasts, a planar clast fabric, lateral pinch-out geometries, moderate to high detrital matrix (up to 25%), sigmoidal deformation (duplex) structures, and contorted layers. All these features indicate sand mplacement by debris flows (mass flows) and slumps. Mud matrix in these sandstones was sufficient to provide cohesive strength to the flow. Discrete units of current ripples and horizontal laminae have been interpreted to represent traction processes associated with bottom-current reworking. The dominance of sandy debris-flow and slump deposits (nearly 70% at DeGray Spillway section) and bottom-current reworked deposits (40% at Kiamichi Mountain section), and the lack of turbidites in the Jackfork Group have led us to propose a slope setting. Our rejection of a submarine fan setting has important implications for predicting sand-body geometry and continuity because deposits of fluidal turbidity currents in fans are laterally more continuous than those of plastic debris flows and slumps on slopes. A turbidite-dominated fan model would predict an outer fan environment with laterally continuous, sheetlike sandstones for the Jackfork Group in southern Oklahoma and western Arkansas, whereas a debris-flow/slump model would predict predominantly a slope environment with disconne ted sandstone bodies for the same area.
Scalable Computing : Practice and Experience

Within mathematical research, Geometric Topology deals with the study of piecewise-linear n-manifolds, i.e. triangulable spaces which appear locally as the n-dimensional Euclidean space. This paper reports on the computational aspects of an algorithm for generating triangulations of PL 3and 4-manifolds represented by edge-coloured graphs. As the number of graph vertices is increased the algorithm becomes computationally expensive very quickly, making it a natural candidate for the usage of HPC resources. We present an optimized, parallel version of the algorithm that is suitable for deployment of multi-core systems. Scalability results are discussed on two different platforms, namely an IBM iDataPlex Linux cluster and the IBM supercomputer BlueGene/Q.
Green technology for keeping soil-water-nutrient fluxes on cultivated steep land and for mitigating the consequences of climate change

Use of vetiver as a green technology can address African farmers' ecological problems through protecting farmlands on steep lands. In addition, it offers the opportunity to integrate smallholders into the green economy as it sequesters carbon, keep water and nutrient fluxes within the system, sustain high crop yield with climate change adaptation potentials. This is particularly important as more slopes are converted to agricultural lands due to increase in population density and poverty. Thus, the study investigated the optimal strip width for increases in soil productivity and farmers' preferences for space. The study planted maize and cassava in between vetiver field structures (VFS) installed on the contour at 5, 15, 25 m apart and compared it with Farmers' Practice (FP) on a 45 % slope and quantified the amount of soil displaced, water and plant nutrient losses and crop yields. Vetiver installed at 5 m surface interval spacing significantly enhanced carbon sequestration indicating potentials for GHGs mitigation and reduced N, P, Ca, Mg, Na and K losses when compared with FP. Vetiver allowed only 7% rainfall lost as against 29% on FP this demonstrates the climate change adaptation potentials of vetiver. Soil displaced under FP was 68 times higher than the soil loss tolerance limit of 12 t ha -1 yr -1 whereas under VFS at 5, 15 and 25 m it was 2Ω, 13 and 12 times higher. Maize grain yield were 35, 23 and 24% higher on the VFS field at 5, 15 and 25 m respectively when compared to FP. The corresponding values for cassava fresh tuber were 43, 32 and 29% higher. Unlike other technologies, vetiver grass contributes to the livelihood of the farmers by providing raw material for house thatching, handicrafts and fodder for livestock during lean seasons.
Tidal corrections for TOPEX altimetry in the Coral Sea and Great Barrier Reef Lagoon: Comparisons with long‐term tide gauge records

[1] The well-known capability of TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry to map sea levels precisely in the deep oceans motivates its application to the topographically complex Coral Sea and NE Australian continental margin. We assess several global tidal models for correcting TOPEX altimetry in the Coral Sea and find CSR3.0 offers good overall performance, based on comparisons of model-predicted and tide gauge harmonic constituents. Using CSR3.0 tidal corrections, we evaluate residual Sea Surface Height (SSH) Root Mean Square (RMS) variability and residual M2 tidal alias errors. Away from large reefs and islands, CSR3.0 amplitude and phase errors for M2 are typically less than 5 cm and 8 deg, respectively, with RMS tidal errors of 5 cm or less and RMS SSH residuals approximating 10 cm. Since model deficiencies appear in the macro-tidal region of the Southern Great Barrier Reef Lagoon, near Broad Sound, we employ a high-resolution hydrodynamic model in this area to compute the tidal corrections. Predicted M2 amplitude and phase in this region are within 3 cm and 5 deg of observations, RMS errors are mostly under 4 cm and coastal RMS SSH residuals are as low as 15 cm, in spite of coastal trapped waves and submesocale eddies in the Lagoon. Daily and monthly smoothed SSH residual time series, respectively, yield optimal lagged correlations with in situ sea level data in the range 0.3–0.9 and 0.6–0.9 for locations spanning the Coral Sea and in the Lagoon. Lag correlations of monthly smoothed Geostrophic Current Anomalies derived from TOPEX SSH gradients with long-term currents from the continental slope yield optimal correlations of 0.5 and 0.8, respectively, near Jewell (lat 14 deg S) and Myrmidon Reef (19 deg S). Our results demonstrate that low-frequency sea level and geostrophic current variations can be reliably observed using altimetry over the Coral Sea and NE Australian continental slope, and for selected locations on the continental shelf, if appropriate tide correction models are employed.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Cardiac and electro-cortical concomitants of social feedback processing in women

This study provides a joint analysis of the cardiac and electro-cortical(cid:2)early and late P3 and feedback-related negativity (FRN)(cid:2)responses to social acceptance and rejection feedback. Twenty-five female participants performed on a social-and age-judgment control task, in which they received feedback with respect to their liking and age judgments, respectively. Consistent with previous reports, results revealed transient cardiac slowing to be selectively prolonged to unexpected social rejection feedback. Late P3 amplitude was more pronounced to unexpected relative to expected feedback. Both early and late P3 amplitudes were shown to be context dependent, in that they were more pronounced to social as compared with non-social feedback. FRN amplitudes were more pronounced to unexpected relative to expected feedback, irrespective of context and feedback valence. This pattern of findings indicates that social acceptance and rejection feedback have widespread effects on bodily state and brain function, which are modulated by prior expectancies.
The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Guzhangian Stage (Cambrian) in the Wuling Mountains, Northwestern Hunan, China

The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Guzhangian Stage (Cambrian Series 3) is defined at the base of a limestone (calcisiltite) layer 121.3 m above the base of the Huaqiao Formation in the Louyixi section along the Youshui River (Fengtan Reservoir), about 4 km northwest of Luoyixi (4 km southeast of Wangcun), in northwestern Hunan, China. The GSSP is exposed in a road cut at a position of 28°43.20' N and 109°57.88' E. The GSSP level contains the lowest occurrence of the cosmopolitan agnostoid trilobite Lejopyge laevigata (base of the L. laevigata Zone). Secondary global markers near the base of the stage include the appearance of either L. calva or L. armata just below the base of the stage, the appearance of conodonts associated with the base of the Laiwugnathus laiwuensis Zone, and the transgressive phase of a small eustatic event. Faunal turnovers close to the base of the Guzhangian Stage are recognized as near the base of the Boomerangian Stage in Australia, the base of the Aldanaspis Zone (polymerid trilobites) in Siberia, and the base of the Paradoxides forchhammeri Zone in western Avalonia. The horizon corresponding to the first appearance of L. laevigata is near the peak of a rather long negative δ 13 C excursion of up to 0.58 ‰.
Introduction: geodynamic evolution of the Zagros

This special issue of Geological Magazine presents a collection of 17 papers dealing with different aspects of the Zagros orogen. Many, though not all, of these contributions were presented as part of a highly successful session devoted to the geodynamic evolution of the Zagros belt at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2010 in Vienna (Austria). The aim of this gathering was to assemble a broad group of Earth scientists interested in the Zagros orogen to discuss and disseminate new results and ideas efficiently. This volume presents a collection of some of the diverse research that is currently being carried out in the Zagros. We believe that these studies contribute to the understanding of the geodynamic evolution of the Zagros Mountains in particular, but in addition to orogenic processes in general.
Instability of Al2SiO5 “triple-point” assemblages in muscovite+biotite+quartz-bearing metapelites, with implications

Abstract This paper uses constraints from experiments, thermodynamic modeling, and natural mineral assemblages to argue that Al2SiO5 “triple-point” assemblages, in which all three Al2SiO5 minerals are in stable equilibrium, are not possible in common muscovite(Ms)+biotite(Bt)+quartz(Qtz)-bearing metapelitic rocks because the reactions that first introduce an Al2SiO5 mineral to these bulk compositions occur at higher temperature than the triple point. Less-common, highly aluminous bulk compositions may develop Al2SiO5 minerals at temperatures below the triple point such that stable triple-point assemblages are theoretically possible. The “invisibility” of the triple-point to common Ms+Bt+Qtz-bearing metapelites calls into question most metapelitic triple-point localities reported in the literature, and carries implications for the topology of the metapelitic petrogenetic grid, the bathozone/bathograd scheme of Carmichael (1978), and the possibility of prograde kyanite → andalusite → sillimanite sequences. Re-examination of reported triple-point localities suggests that in most if not all cases, the Al2SiO5 minerals grew at different times in the metamorphic history of the rock
HUMEDALES ARTIFICIALES COMO UN MÉTODO VIABLE PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE DRENES AGRÍCOLAS* ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS AS A VIABLE TREATMENT METHOD FOR AGRICULTURAL DRAINS

In this paper we present evidence generated by our working group in the last fifteen years on concentrations of pollutants and nutrients from agricultural drains that discharge into wetlands and bays of Sonora. Surveys were made in 60 sites of the Mexicali Valley, 30 sites in the Yaqui Valley and 30 sites in the rocky shores of Sonora and Baja California where samples of water, sediment, and biota were collected. Results indicate levels above established limits of: fecal coliforms, nutrients, organochlorine pesticides such as DDE and endosulfan, as well as heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and selenium. We have also observed that agricultural drains discharging in lagoons dominated by aquatic vegetation (i. e., cattail) present significant lower concentrations of contaminants and nutrients than sites lacking this kind of vegetation, considering that both systems are exposed to the same contaminants. Thus, we propose the use of constructed or artificial wetlands as a feasible option for the treatment of agricultural drains in the affected areas. This methodology has proven to be effective for the removal of nutrients, BOD, and total suspended solids in other countries. In Mexico, the
The population dynamics of Newfoundland caribou

The p o p u l a t i o n dynamics o f caribou (Rangifer tarandus) on the I s l a n d of Newfoundland were s t u d i e d 1957 to 1967. Four herds were recognized and censused: the Northern P e n i n s u l a — 450 animals i n 1958 and 400 i n 1966, the Avalon P e n i n s u l a — 125 i n 1957 and 720 In 1967. , the'. Humber Ri v e r — 130 i n 1956 and 115 i n 1964, and the I n t e r i o r -4600 i n 1957 and 6200 animals i n 1966. The I s l a n d p o p u l a t i o n 1900-1910 was estimated at 40,000 animals. A f t e r 1915 these herds r a p i d l y d e c l i n e d and reached a low of perhaps only 2000 animals by 1930. The annual r a t e of increase Cr) of a l l the herds was low. The' Humber and Northern Peninsula herds showed no increase while the I n t e r i o r Herd grew at only 0.044. The Avalon Peninsula Herd showed the great e s t r a t e o f i n c r e a s e 1961 t o 1967, r= 0.120. The p o t e n t i a l r of Newfoundland carib o u i s probably greater than 0.30. A herd of carib o u introduced t o Brunette I s l a n d increased at r=0.352, from 17 t o 100 animals i n 5 years. In the I n t e r i o r Herd, b i r t h r a t e s were high and constant and averaged 0.85 c a l f per doe 2-years-of-age and o l d e r and 0.94 c a l f per doe 3 years and o l d e r . N a t u r a l m o r t a l i t y r a t e s were low beyond 6-months-of-age. They were 4 per cent f o r does, y e a r l i n g s , and calves and 9 per cent f o r stags 2-years-of-age and o l d e r . The k i l l of stags by hunters was 11 per cent and reduced the p r o p o r t i o n of stags i n the po p u l a t i o n . The s u r v i v a l of calves t o 6-months-of-age was s t r o n g l y c o r r e l a t e d w i t h growth of populations and appeared the main i n f l u e n c e on numbers ( c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t r=0.922, P<0.01). The m o r t a l i t y of calves i n the f i r s t summer was h i g h ; an average of 69 per cent died i n the I n t e r i o r Herd and i n the Avalon Pe n i n s u l a Herd 30 per cent of the calves d i e d .
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence in Health Care Settings: A Randomized Trial

The following abstracts of articles from leading journals have been selected on the basis of their importance to the practice of obstetrics and gynecology. Risk of Urinary Incontinence Symptoms in Oral Contraceptive Users: A National Cohort Study From the Swedish Twin Register Objective: To assess the impact of oral contraceptives on lower urinary tract dysfunction in premenopausal women. Design: Nationwide cohort study. Setting: National registry. Patient(s): A total of 10,791 women (born 1959-1985) from the populationbased Swedish Twin Registry who participated in a web-based survey of common diseases. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Symptoms of urinary incontinence. Result(s): For users of oral contraception there was a significantly reduced risk for symptoms of stress urinary incontinence, mixed urinary incontinence, and urgency urinary incontinence. The reduction remained significant when adjusting for age, body mass index, and pregnancy history. A reduced prevalence of symptoms of overactive bladder in oral contraceptive users was also observed although the association was nonsignificant. There were no significant associations between lower urinary tract symptoms and women using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device compared with noncontraceptive users, with the exception of nocturia. Conclusion(s): Oral contraceptive use reduces the overall risk for symptoms of urinary incontinence. Iliadou A, Milsom I, Pedersen NL, Altman D. Fertil Steril 2009;92:428–33. Epub
Research in Support of Remediation Activities at the Savannah River Site

The USDOE Savannah River Site (SRS), an 803‐km2 (310‐mile2) facility located south of Aiken, SC on the upper Atlantic Coastal Plain and bounded to the west by the Savannah River, was established in the 1950s for the production and refinement of nuclear materials. To fulfill this mission during the past 50 years SRS has operated five nuclear reactors, two large chemical separation areas, waste disposal facilities (landfills, waste ponds, waste tanks, and waste stabilization), and a large number of research and logistics support facilities. Contaminants of concern (COC) resulting from site operations include chlorinated solvents, radionuclides, metals, and metalloids, often found as complex mixtures that greatly complicate remediation efforts when compared with civilian industries. The objective of this article is to provide a description of the lithology and hydrostatigraphy of the SRS, as well as a brief history of site operations and research activities as a preface to the current special section of Vadose Zone Journal (VZJ) dedicated to SRS, focusing mainly on issues that are unique to the USDOE complex. Contributions to the special section reflect a diverse range of topics, from hydrologic tracer experiments conducted both within the vadose and saturated zones to studies specifically aimed at identifying geochemical processes controlling the migration and partitioning of specific contaminants (e.g., TCE, 137Cs, U, and Pu) in SRS subsurface environments. Addressing the diverse environmental challenges of the SRS provides a unique opportunity to conduct both fundamental and applied research across a range of experimental scales. Hence, the SRS has been a pioneering force in several areas of environmental research and remediation, often through active interdisciplinary collaboration with researchers from other USDOE facilities, academic and federal institutions, and commercial entities.
The ARM-GCSS Intercomparison Study of Single-Column Models and Cloud System Models

The Single-Column Model (SCM) Working Group (WC) and the Cloud Working Group (CWG) in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program have begun a collaboration with the GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) WGs. The forcing data sets derived from the special ARM radiosonde measurements made during the SCM Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs), the wealth of cloud and related data sets collected by the ARM Program, and the ARM infrastructure support of the SCM WG are of great value to GCSS. In return, GCSS brings the efforts of an international group of cloud system modelers to bear on ARM data sets and ARM-related scientific questions. The first major activity of the ARM-GCSS collaboration is a model intercomparison study involving SCMs and cloud system models (CSMs), also known as cloud-resolving or cloud-ensemble models. The SCM methodologies developed in the ARM Program have matured to the point where an intercomparison will help identify the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches. CSM simulations will bring much additional information about clouds to evaluate cloud parameterizations used in the SCMs. CSMs and SCMs have been compared successfully in previous GCSS intercomparison studies for tropical conditions. The ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site offers an opportunity for GCSSmore » to test their models in continental, mid-latitude conditions. The Summer 1997 SCM IOP has been chosen since it provides a wide range of summertime weather events that will be a challenging test of these models. « less
What constitutes ‘emplacement’ of an ophiolite?: Mechanisms and relationship to subduction initiation and formation of metamorphic soles

Abstract Ophiolites have long been recognized as on-land fragments of fossil oceanic lithosphere, which becomes an ophiolite when incorporated into continental margins through a complex process known as ‘emplacement’. A fundamental problem of ophiolite emplacement is how dense oceanic crust becomes emplaced over less dense material(s) of continental margins or subduction-accretion systems. Subduction of less dense material beneath a future ophiolite is necessary to overcome the adverse density contrast. The relationship of subduction to ophiolite emplacement is a critical link between ophiolites and their role in the development of orogenic belts. Although ophiolite emplacement mechanisms are clearly varied, most existing models and definitions of emplacement concern a specific type of ophiolite (i.e. Oman or Troodos) and do not apply to many of the world’s ophiolites. We have defined four prototype ophiolites based on different emplacement mechanisms: (1) ‘Tethyan’ ophiolites, emplaced over passive continental margins or microcontinents as a result of collisional events; (2) ‘Cordilleran’ ophiolites progressively emplaced over subduction complexes through accretionary processes; (3) ‘ridge-trench intersection’ (RTI) ophiolites emplaced through complex processes resulting from the interaction between a spreading ridge and a subduction zone; (4) the unique Macquarie Island ophiolite, which has been subaerially exposed as a result of a change in plate boundary configuration along a mid-ocean ridge system. Protracted evolutionary history of some ocean basins, and variation along the strike of subduction zones may result in more complicated scenarios in ophiolite emplacement mechanisms. No single definition of emplacement is free of drawbacks; however, we can consider the inception of subduction, thrusting over a continental margin or subduction complex, and subaerial exposure as critical individual stages in ophiolite emplacement.
Gender and Vulnerability to Cholera in Sierra Leone: Gender analysis of the 2012 cholera outbreak and an assessment of Oxfam's response

Cholera strikes indiscriminately of sex, age, and social status. However, these are factors that may contribute to individuals’ vulnerability to cholera, by dictating social roles and behaviours. In a society that adheres to strict gender roles, cholera transmission routes are more likely to be sex and age-specific. Despite this, the linkages between gender and vulnerability to cholera are not well understood and there is little literature on the topic. This research analyses the roles socially ascribed to boys, girls, men and women in specific environmental, economic and socio-cultural contexts to highlight groups that may be more vulnerable to cholera in Sierra Leone.