Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Olfactory Detection Thresholds for Primary Aliphatic Alcohols in Mice

Abstract Probing the neural mechanisms that underlie each sensory system requires the presentation of perceptually appropriate stimulus concentrations. This is particularly relevant in the olfactory system as additional odorant receptors typically respond with increasing stimulus concentrations. Thus, perceptual measures of olfactory sensitivity provide an important guide for functional experiments. This study focuses on aliphatic alcohols because they are commonly used to survey neural activity in a variety of olfactory regions, probe the behavioral limits of odor discrimination, and assess odor-structure activity relationships in mice. However, despite their frequent use, a systematic study of the relative sensitivity of these odorants in mice is not available. Thus, we assayed the ability of C57BL/6J mice to detect a homologous series of primary aliphatic alcohols (1-propanol to 1-heptanol) using a head-fixed Go/No-Go operant conditioning assay combined with highly reproducible stimulus delivery. To aid in the accessibility of our data, we report the animal’s threshold to each odorant according to the 1) ideal gas condition, 2) nonideal gas condition (factoring in the activity of the odorant in the solvent), and 3) the liquid dilution of the odorant in the olfactometer. Of the odorants tested, mice were most sensitive to 1-hexanol and least sensitive to 1-butanol. These updated measures of murine sensitivity will hopefully guide experimenters in choosing appropriate stimulus concentrations for experiments using these odorants.
Factors affecting eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) seed germination

Abstract Effects of environmental factors, especially light, on eastern black nightshade seed germination were studied under growth chamber conditions. Germination occurred only when temperatures were 20 C or higher for 12 to 24 h d−1. Optimum germination occurred within the constant temperature range of 28 to 33 C or with alternating temperatures of 30/25 and 35/30 C. In the dark, eastern black nightshade germination was poor except at high alternating temperatures of 30/25 and 35/30 C. Seed germination was enhanced by light when temperatures were suboptimal. Imbibition was a prerequisite for response of eastern black nightshade seed to light. The light requirement for eastern black nightshade germination was partially overcome by cold stratification, gibberellic acid (GA3), and high or alternating temperatures. Germination of eastern black nightshade seed was promoted by short exposure to sunlight but was inhibited by prolonged exposure, especially when irradiance was high. Nomenclature: Eastern black nightshade, Solanum ptycanthum Dun. SOLPT.
Forest ecosystem carbon accumulation during a secondary succession in the Eastern Prealps of Italy

Summary Land use changes represent one of the most important components of global environmental change. In most European countries, the transformed economies and social conditions of previous decades have had consequences in terms of agriculture intensifi cation, industrialization and migration of people from the rural areas. As a consequence, areas of marginal agriculture were abandoned leading to secondary successions. This research studied the effects of the natural recovery of abandoned lands on carbon pools using a chronosequence approach of mixed ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L.) and sycamore ( Acer pseudoplatanus L.) stands in the Eastern Italian Prealps. A series of fi ve formerly cultivated sites spanning a range of 40 – 75 years since agricultural abandonment and a meadow were selected. The dominant sink for the atmospheric CO 2 within these secondary forests seems to be live wood while the soil played a much smaller role. The ecosystem carbon stock increased at a mean rate of 1.18 Mg C ha − 1 y − 1 during the chronosequence. However, a difference in the carbon accumulation in the different pools was detected.
Virolactia in an Asymptomatic Mother with COVID-19.

Background: Limited data are available on the perinatal and postnatal transmission of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommended breastfeeding with necessary precautions to mothers with COVID-19. Case Presentation: A 20-year-old pregnant woman with no symptoms of COVID-19 presented to the hospital for delivery at 39 weeks of gestation. She was tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) because her father had been diagnosed with COVID-19. A nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR test was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the baby and the mother were cared for separately after delivery. Breast milk obtained after first lactation was tested by real-time RT-PCR and was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: In this article, we aimed to report the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk. Although further studies are needed, this situation may have an impact on breastfeeding recommendations.
Demographic Effects on Longitudinal Semantic Processing, Working Memory, and Cognitive Speed

Abstract Objectives To better understand and compare effects of aging and education across domains of language and cognition, we investigated whether (a) these domains show different associations with age and education, (b) these domains show similar patterns of age-related change over time, and (c) education moderates the rate of decline in these domains. Method We analyzed data from 306 older adults aged 55–85 at baseline of whom 116 returned for follow-up 4–8 years later. An exploratory factor analysis identified domains of language and cognition across a range of tasks. A confirmatory factor analysis analyzed cross-sectional associations of age and education with these domains. Subsequently, mixed linear models analyzed longitudinal change as a function of age and moderation by education. Results We identified 2 language domains, that is, semantic control and semantic memory efficiency, and 2 cognitive domains, that is, working memory and cognitive speed. Older age negatively affected all domains except semantic memory efficiency, and higher education positively affected all domains except cognitive speed at baseline. In language domains, a steeper age-related decline was observed after age 73–74 compared to younger ages, while cognition declined linearly with age. Greater educational attainment did not protect the rate of decline over time in any domain. Discussion Separate domains show varying effects of age and education at baseline, language versus cognitive domains show dissimilar patterns of age-related change over time, and education does not moderate the rate of decline in these domains. These findings broaden our understanding of age effects on cognitive and language abilities by placing observed age differences in context.
Comment on "The Clinical Importance of the Plasma Atherogenic Index, Other Lipid Indexes, and Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Patients with Stroke".

We read with great pleasure the study evaluating “The Clinical Importance of the Plasma Atherogenic Index (PAI), other lipid indexes, and urinary sodium and potassium excretion in patients with stroke” by Koca et al. [1]. We found that they miscalculated PAI. In addition, highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) values of their control groups were significantly lower. We want to mention accurate PAI measurement and low HDL levels.
Signaling virtuous victimhood as indicators of Dark Triad personalities.

We investigate the consequences and predictors of emitting signals of victimhood and virtue. In our first three studies, we show that the virtuous victim signal can facilitate nonreciprocal resource transfer from others to the signaler. Next, we develop and validate a victim signaling scale that we combine with an established measure of virtue signaling to operationalize the virtuous victim construct. We show that individuals with Dark Triad traits-Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy-more frequently signal virtuous victimhood, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables that are commonly associated with victimization in Western societies. In Study 5, we show that a specific dimension of Machiavellianism-amoral manipulation-and a form of narcissism that reflects a person's belief in their superior prosociality predict more frequent virtuous victim signaling. Studies 3, 4, and 6 test our hypothesis that the frequency of emitting virtuous victim signal predicts a person's willingness to engage in and endorse ethically questionable behaviors, such as lying to earn a bonus, intention to purchase counterfeit products and moral judgments of counterfeiters, and making exaggerated claims about being harmed in an organizational context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Sustaining consistent condom use among female sex workers by addressing their vulnerabilities and strengthening community-led organizations in India

Introduction Between 2014 and 2017, a program aimed at reducing HIV risk and promoting safe sex through consistent use of condoms sought to work through addressing social and economic vulnerabilities and strengthening community-led organizations (COs) of female sex workers (FSWs). This study examines if the program was effective by studying relationship between strengthening of COs, vulnerability reduction, and sustaining of consistent condom use behavior among FSWs. Methods We used a longitudinal study design to assess the change in outcomes. A three-stage sampling design was used to select FSWs for the study. Panel data of 2085 FSWs selected from 38 COs across five states of India was used to examine the change in various outcomes from 2015 (Survey Round 1) to 2017 (Survey Round 2). The CO level program pillar measuring institutional development assessed performance of COs in six domains critical for any organization’s functionality and sustainability: governance, project management, financial management, program monitoring, advocacy and networking, and resource mobilization. Overall, 32 indicators from all these domains were used to compute the CO strength score. A score was computed by taking mean of average dimension scores. The overall score was divided into two groups based on the median cutoff; COs which scored below the median were considered to have low CO strength, while COs which scored above or equal to median were considered to have high CO strength. Multivariable regression modeling techniques were used to examine the effect of program pillars on outcome measures. Results Analyses showed a significant improvement in the strength of the COs over time; percentage of COs having high strength improved from 50% in 2015 to 87% in Round 2. The improvement in CO’s strength increased financial security (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 2.18, p<0.01), social welfare security (AOR: 1.71, p<0.01), and socio-legal security (AOR: 2.20, p<0.01) among FSWs. Further, improvement in financial security led to significant increase in consistent condom use with client among FSWs (AOR: 1.69, p<0.01) who were members of COs having high strength. Sustained consistent condom use was positively associated with young age (<30 years), ability to negotiate with clients for condom use, membership in self-help groups, high self-efficacy, self-confidence, and client solicitation in streets and brothels. Conclusions Improving financial security and strengthening FSW led CO can improve sustained and consistent condom use. In addition, the program should focus on enhancing ability of FSWs to negotiate with clients for condom use, promote membership in self-help groups and target FSWs who are 30 years or older, and soliciting from homes to sustain consistent condom use across all FSWs.
Unplanned out‐of‐hospital deliveries in Finland: A national register study on incidence, characteristics and maternal and infant outcomes

Unplanned out‐of‐hospital deliveries (UOHDs) have earlier been related to higher perinatal mortality and morbidity, but recent research has not paid much attention to them. Our aim was to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in UOHDs in Finland.
Cadmium and lead concentrations in the tissues of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded on the Croatian Adriatic coast.

Concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in the livers, kidneys and muscles of 15 bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and two striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) dolphins, stranded dead along the Croatian Adriatic coast from 1990 to 1999. Cd concentrations (μg/g wet weight (w.w.)) ranged from 0.004 to 0.670 in muscle, from 0.004 to 1.842 in kidney and from 0.004 to 2.548 in liver tissues. Similarly, total Pb concentrations (μg/g w.w.) ranged from 0.01 to 0.46 in muscles, from 0.01 to 0.95 in kidneys and from 0.01 to 2.38 in livers. Cd and Pb concentrations revealed no signifi cant differences between adults (n = 10 ; >6 years) and juveniles (n = 7 ; liver>muscle, which is a typical Cd distribution pattern. Signifi cant positive correlations of Cd concentrations were found between livers and kidneys (r = 0.63, P = 0.015), and livers and muscles (r = 0.74, P = 0.0008). Furthermore, a signifi cant positive correlation of Pb concentrations was determined between kidneys and muscles (r = 0.75, P = 0.001), opposite to the signifi cant negative correlation between liver and muscle Pb concentrations (r = -0.66, P = 0.004). Our study reports the Cd and Pb concentrations in tissues of the most abundant delphinid species in the Adriatic Sea, sampled over a 10-year period. These data are required for future studies on toxic metal accumulations and their dynamics in Adriatic dolphins and in the Adriatic environment.
Novel South African Rare Actinomycete Kribbella speibonae Strain SK5: A Prolific Producer of Hydroxamate Siderophores including New Dehydroxylated Congeners

In this paper, we report on the chemistry of the rare South African Actinomycete Kribbella speibonae strain SK5, a prolific producer of hydroxamate siderophores and their congeners. Two new analogues, dehydroxylated desferrioxamines, speibonoxamine 1 and desoxy-desferrioxamine D1 2, have been isolated, together with four known hydroxamates, desferrioxamine D1 3, desferrioxamine B 4, desoxy-nocardamine 5 and nocardamine 6, and a diketopiperazine (DKP) 7. The structures of 1–7 were characterized by the analysis of HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR data, as well as by comparison with the relevant literature. Three new dehydroxy desferrioxamine derivatives 8–10 were tentatively identified in the molecular network of K. speibonae strain SK5 extracts, and structures were proposed based on their MS/MS fragmentation patterns. A plausible spb biosynthetic pathway was proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of desferrioxamines from the actinobacterial genus Kribbella.
Results from a Mail Survey to Assess Minnesota Vegetable Growers’ Adherence to Good Agricultural Practices

To learn what areas should be emphasized in future educational good agricultural practices (GAPs) training efforts, a survey on usage of GAPs was mailed to 855 vegetable growers in Minnesota. We received a 32% response rate and a 43% cooperation rate. Over 65% of respondents reported compliance to proper worker hygiene practices, harvest container and tool sanitization and cleaning, water treatment to reduce the potential for microbial contamination, and protection of growing and stored vegetables from contamination. Small acreages and a diverse array of vegetables are typical characteristics of the majority of Minnesota vegetable farms. Seventy-seven percent of respondents farmed 15 acres or less. Most farms grew 10 or more different vegetable crops, and farmers markets, u-pick operations, and roadside stands were the most common marketing outlets. Overall responses to this study indicated that farmers currently believe they adhere to many recommended food safety best practices, but are lagging in key areas such as treating wash and processing water, taking measures to keep animals out of production fields, and cleaning and disinfecting harvesting tools and containers on a scheduled basis.
Empathy and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescent Cyberaggressors and Cybervictims

The main objective of the present research was to examine the role played by emotional intelligence in its three dimensions—emotional attention, emotional clarity, and emotion regulation—and by empathy in its four dimensions—perspective-taking, empathic understanding, empathic stress, and empathic joy—in cyber violence, both in aggressors and victims. A total sample of 1318 adolescents (47% boys; aged between 11 and 17 years), enrolled in four secondary compulsory education schools in Spain, participated in the study. The results indicated that, regarding emotional intelligence, cyberaggressors showed statistically significant differences in the dimension of emotion regulation. Participation in violent online behaviors is associated with a lower capacity to regulate emotions; cybervictims showed statistically significant differences in the three dimensions of emotional intelligence. Regarding empathy, cyberaggressors obtained statistically significant group differences in three of these dimensions: perspective-taking, empathetic joy, and empathic stress. Finally, the empathy dimensions for the cybervictimization groups did not show significant mean differences, indicating that there was no statistical relationship between the degree of cybervictimization and the individual’s empathy. These findings stress the relevance of emotion regulation in cyberviolence in students in adolescence and allow us to understand the different roles it plays for offenders and victims.
PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS AND SPECIES REVISITED

Wheeler and Nixon (1990) belittle our analysis of the species problem (de Quciroz and Donoghue, 1988), implying that it is merely a compilation of ideas without interpretation or synthesis. If this is true, one wonders why they single out our paper for the brunt of their criticisms, rather than dealing with what they suppose to be the original sources. In any case, Wheeler and Nixon object to our view of the relationship between the principle of common descent and phylogenetic systematics and its implications for species concepts. Many of their criticisms are based on a simplistic notion of the relationship between pattern and process that diverts attention from important issues. Others are based on misrepresentations that could have been avoided by a more careful reading of our paper. Wheeler and Nixon’s criticisms reveal a shortsightedness that is manifested in their own species concept.
Comparative efficacy of different insecticides against dusky cotton bug (Oxycarenus spp.) under field conditions

Dusky cotton bug (Oxycarenus spp.) has become a major insect pest for cotton crop in Pakistan. They are crushed during ginning process that stain valuable cotton lint and stained lint fetch low price in the market. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against the dusky cotton bug (DCB) under field conditions. Seven insecticides viz. bifenthrin, fipronil, triazophos, chlorpyriphos, lambda cyhalothrin, deltamethrin + triazophos and clothianidin were sprayed in order to determine the reduction in the pest population. The experiment was conducted under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that most effective insecticide against dusky cotton bug was chlorpyriphos with a reduction of 96.98% in the pest population followed by triazophos (91.03%) and lambda cyhalothrin (89.27%). However among all the tested insecticides fipronil was least effective with 64.15% reduction of DCB population up to seven days. Our data will help the farmers in future to control the pest population under study.
Prevalence Of Ciprofloxacin Resistance Among Gram -Negative Bacilli In A Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing therapeutic problem, both in the communit y and the hospitals, which involves all the antibiotics including fluoroquinolones. The decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones arises mainly due to single -step mutations in thegyrA and the parC genes, which encode the fluoroquinolones targets, theenzymes, thus conferring cross -resistance to the fluoroquinolones. In 1998, some mobile elements with a potential for the horizontal transfer of the quinolone resistance genes were described. The loci which are responsible for this plasmid -mediated quinolone resistance, which have been designated as qnr A, qnr B and qnr S, have been identified in the Enterobacteriaceae species. Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the susceptibility pattern of the isolates to various antibiotics and to know the prevalence rate of ciprofloxacin resistance in our hospital. Materials & Methods:A total of 734 gram-negative bacilli (GNB) which were isolated from various clinical samples over a period of six months, were subjected to antibiotic susceptibil ity testing. Isolates with resistance or with a decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin ( "d20 mm) were then screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by using the E -test. Results:Out of 734 GNB, 235 (32%) isolates were resistant to ciprof loxacin. The MIC of these isolates ranged from 4 to > 32µg/ml. Conclusion:The resistance rate to ciprofloxacin was 32% in our study. Most of the ciprofloxacin resistant isolates were from urinary tract infections (UTI). The ciprofloxacin resistance was a lso closely associated with multi-drug resistance, thus limiting the treatment options. Ciprofloxacin resistance can be used as a general surrogate marker of multidrug resistance, thus limiting the already restricted treatment options. The considerablyhigh MIC values for ciprofloxacin in this study reflected the extent of the treatment problems for these resistant isolates and a need for the continuous evaluation of the commonly used antibiotics.
Prevalence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance and genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated in a university hospital in Tokyo.

High-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) limits treatment options for invasive enterococcal infections. We examined the prevalence of HLAR by disk diffusion method, carriage of genes for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes by PCR, and production of β-lactamase by nitrocefin-based test in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from patients at a university hospital in Tokyo in 2010. Of the 100 E. faecalis isolates analyzed, 30 isolates had high-level resistance (HLR) to gentamicin and 22 isolates had HLR to streptomycin. Of the 40 E. faecium isolates analyzed, nine isolates had HLR to gentamicin and nine isolates had HLR to streptomycin. Of the 39 gentamicin-HLR enterococcal isolates, 24 isolates were non-HLR to streptomycin. All 39 isolates with HLR to gentamicin as well as 19 of 101 without HLR carried aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia. Carriage of ant(6')-Ia was confirmed in 25 of 31 streptomycin-HLR isolates. Production of β-lactamase was documented in none of the E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that all but one E. faecalis isolates that carried aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia and ant(6')-Ia belonged to sequence type (ST) 4 (n=8), ST16 (n=4), or ST179 (n=9). Nevertheless, most of the pairs of isolates had > 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms even among the isolates of the same ST.