Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depiction of new mutations in the rpoB gene associated with rifampin resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an alarming infectious disease well spread in the world. This serious illness is responsible for millions of deaths every year in many countries. The Pakistan position in the ranking of TB cases is 8th among the 22 high burden countries, whereas average multiple drug resistance is 15%. Resistant strains to rifampin are commonly found worldwide, especially in developing countries, and this phenotype is associated with more than one mutation in the rpoB gene, which encodes the bacterial RNA polymerase β-subunit. The aim of the present study was to detect the probable cause of resistance against rifampin through the sequencing of the rpoB gene in a well-established bacterial collection obtained from Pakistani MDR-MTB patients. After culture procedures and a drug resistance investigation, we selected samples, isolated and sequenced the DNA from all rifam- pin resistant strains. To better understanding of this event, we made multiple alignments to clarify the correlation between the sequenced M. tuberculosis isolates and the M. tuberculosis reference strain H37Rv. Based on our results, consecutive mutations in amino acid of different codons in specific and highly sensitive regions of the rpoB gene were observed. The following new mutations detected here were earlier not reported from Pakistani clinical isolates: codons 509, 511, 513, 518, 519, 521, 522 and 526.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN CHOLECYSTECTOMY SPECIMENS IN INDUSTRIAL POPULATION OF NORTHERN INDIA

Background: Gallstone disease is commonly found requiring cholecystectomy. Different histopathological findings are seen in Gall bladder removed after cholecystectomy. They range from inflammatoryacute or chronic, metaplasia, dysplasia, benign hyperplasia and malignancies. The aim of our study was to see different histopathological findings in cholecystectomy specimens. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in our hospital from 2017 to 2018.413 cholecystectomy specimens received in our department were studied. The clinical data was retrieved from hospital records and histopathological findings were confirmed after examining the slides. Results: Total of 413 cases were examined consisting of 111males (26.87%) and 302 females (73.12%). Age varying between 13 to 84 years and mean age in our study was 48.04 years. The most common pathology was chronic cholecystitis seen in 369 cases (89.3%), acute cholecystitis in 19 cases (4.6%), metaplasia – pyloric and intestinal in 68 cases (16.46%) and also other variants of chronic cholecystitis. Malignancy was seen in 7 cases (1.6%). Conclusion: Our study showed vide spectrum of histopathological findings in gallstone disease ranging from benign to the presence of carcinoma in 7 cases(1.6%). *Corresponding Author: Dr. Rakesh Kumar H.N0. 1754(2nd Floor), Sohanganj Gali, Kolhapur Road, Malkaganj, New Delhi-110007.
Qualitative Social Work

This study considers the accounts of mothers who have been using illegal drugs, have received treatment and are in the process of recovering. The data is based on 19 individual interviews conducted between May and December 2005 in two institutions for female drug users in southern Finland. The primary aim is to discuss the self-conceptions of the interviewed women as they related their experiences with social workers and the child welfare system. The study relies on the social constructionist view of identity as a self-construction created in situations of interaction and routines of everyday life. As a result, four different categories of motherhood identities and their connections to the various positions of child welfare authorities identified in the interviews of women with drug histories are presented: Responsible motherhood – asking for help, Giving up motherhood – submitting to outside forces, Strategic motherhood – learning to cope and Stigmatized motherhood – fighting back. Asking help from child welfare services was the only category in which the mothers were able to manifest responsible motherhood and co-operate with social workers. ARTICLE
Investigation of Site Characterization in the Akdeniz Region by Using Seismic Refraction and Surface Wave Methods

Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), Refraction Microtremor (ReMi) and Microtremor measurements was performed to predict site characterization at 65 strong motion stations of AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency) in Akdeniz region in Turkey. Reliable field response information is required to investigate the impacts of the region and to assess the risk of the area. The soil conditions of the Akdeniz region are specified from MASW, ReMi and Microtremor studies of AFAD’s strong motion stations in this area. HVSR technique was conducted to determine dominant frequency values at different amplification levels. The Akdeniz region was classified according to Vs30 based NEHRP Provisions [1], Eurocode-8 [2] and TBDY-2018 [3] and RodrigezMarek [4]. According to the [1], one station is classified as class A, 7 stations as B and 38 stations as C and 19 stations to be class D. According to [2], 6 stations correspond to class A, 39 stations B, and 20 stations D. The soil classes in the NEHRP system correspond to that of TBDY-2018 [3]. According to [4], 8 stations are classified as A, 17 stations B, 8 stations C-1, 13 stations C-2, 5 stations C-3,11 stations D-1, 1station D-2, 1 station D-3, 1 station E and 1 station is undistinguished. The predominant period of the region ranges from 0.07 to 1.47s, and the dominant magnification values vary between 0.79 and 8.5.
Long-Term Survival of Korean Aortic Aneurysm Patients

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) such as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) and other atherosclerotic vascular disease. Mortality due to CAD and CVA has increased worldwide over the past few decades. The increase in mortality has been attributed to an increase in the elderly population, a westernized life style, and/or increased chronic disease incidence in Korea [1,2]. For the aforementioned reasons, more attention has recently been focused on the aortic disease [3]. Although the incidence of Aortic Aneurysm (AA) has increased with the increase in the elderly population [4], few studies have reported the long-term survival of subjects with AA in Korea. Our objective in this study was to analyze factors affecting the long-term survival of subjects with AA.
Differences in the Stand Structure of Eucalyptus tetrodonta Forests Between Elcho Island and Gunn-Point, Northern Australia

Eucalyptus tetrodonta dominated open forests occur across the northern coast of the Northern Territory. They typically have a well developed grass understorey, scattered saplings, numerous woody sprouts (ramets) and a conspicuous absence of seedlings (genets). We compared a typical E. tetrodonta stand on Gunn Point with an atypical stand on Elcho Island; the forest on Elcho Island had less grass cover, greater canopy and litter cover, a deeper organic layer and higher densities of seedlings, woody sprouts and saplings than on Gunn Point. Gunn Point had a greater number of large E. tetrodonta trees that were more widely spaced than trees on Elcho Island. The cause of these differences remains unclear.
Does ambient noise affect growth and begging call structure in nestling birds

Much of the research examining the effects of ambient noise on communication has focused on adult birds using acoustic signals in mate attraction and territory defense. Here, we examine the effects of noise exposure on young birds, which use acoustic signals to solicit food from parents. We found that nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) exposed to playbacks of white noise, within natural amplitude levels, from days 3 to 15 posthatch had begging calls with higher minimum frequencies and narrower frequency ranges than control nestlings raised in nests without added noise. Differences in begging call structure also persisted in the absence of noise. Two days after the noise was removed, experimental nestlings produced calls that were narrower in frequency range and less complex than control nestlings. We found no difference in growth between experimental and control nestlings. Our results suggest that long-term noise exposure affects the structure of nestling begging calls. These effects persist in the absence of noise, suggesting that noise may affect how calls develop. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
I. INTRODUCTION Development of global competition coupled with consumer intolerance to slow innovation and homogenized products have raised the profile of manufacturing

the present research aims at exploring the role of supplier capabilities and their collaboration in buyer responsiveness. The research sample includes production workshops located in Lourestan and Hamedan Provinces in Iran which have been studied during a four month period. In order to relate supply flexibility and responsiveness and also to model the effect of supplier collaboration on buyer responsiveness, four hypotheses have been developed and examined correspondingly. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the path analysis are used in testing the research hypotheses applying LISREL software, version 8.5. The results reveal that production flexibility, supplier responsiveness, production modularity and supplier collaboration have a positive and meaningful impact on the buyer responsiveness.
Agbots 2.0: Weeding Denser Fields with Fewer Robots

—This work presents a signiﬁcantly improved strategy for coordinated multi-agent weeding under conditions of partial environmental information. We show that by using Entropic value-at-risk (EVaR) together with the Gittins index, agents can make intelligent decisions about whether to exploit the estimated distribution of weeds in the environment or to explore new areas of the environment. The use of this method improves the performance of agents in comparison to previous methods, resulting in a system which can weed denser ﬁelds using fewer robots. Furthermore, we show that for the reward function and environmental dynamics which represent the weeding problem, our system is able to perform comparably to the fully observed case over the real-world range of seed bank densities, while operating under partial observability.
A Studying on Factors Affecting Decision to Use Smart Tourism Applications using extended TAM

The paper presented the theoretical extended accept new technology model (TAM), based on this theory and the results of previous studies, the research has built a model to study the factors impact the decision to use the smart travel applications in Vietnam. The study identified the following factors: Perceived ease of use, Perceived usefulness, Social impact, Self-control, Information security concerns and Service quality affecting the decision to use smart travel applications. The Hypothesis is tested through EFA discovery factor analysis, regression methods performed on SPSS software. From the results, the study proposes solutions to promote smart applications in Vietnam.
Elevation of pheromone response threshold in almond moth males pre‐exposed to pheromone spray

Abstract. High percentages of naive Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) males not pre‐exposed to pheromone flew upwind to sources containing 50 ng (83%) and 500 ng (97%) of pheromone, but not to sources containing 5 μg (23%) and 50 μg (4%). Of the naive males that flew upwind in response to 50 ng sources, 67% located and landed on the source, whereas fewer than 19% of the naive males that flew upwind in response to higher doses located and landed on the sources.A 2‐minute pre‐exposure of C.cautella males to a spray cloud containing 50 ng, 500 ng, 5 μg or 50 μg of pheromone, induced shifts in response levels such that in wind‐tunnel bioassays performed 1 h later, there was an increase in the doses that optimally elicited upwind flight and landing on the source that was proportional to the pre‐exposure dose.Few of the pre‐exposed males flew upwind to (10–43%) and landed on (0–33%) 50 ng sources, whereas they now perferentially flew upwind to(58–81% and 52–73%) and landed on (33–68% and 55–60%) pheromone sources of doses of 500 ng and 5 μg, respectively.Therefore pre‐exposure to pheromone promoted a shift of threshold for response, and not an overall reduction in responsiveness to pheromone.
On the growth of the rst Betti number of arithmetic hyperbolic 3-manifolds

We give a lower bound for the rst Betti number of a class of arithmetically de ned hyperbolic 3-manifolds and we deduce the following theorem. Given an arithmetically de ned cocompact subgroup  SL2.C/, provided the underlying quaternion algebra meets some conditions, there is a decreasing sequence 1ioi of nite index congruence subgroups of  such that the rst Betti number satis es
Efficiency and Convergence in the European Life Insurance Industry

This article employs a flexible stochastic frontier to estimate revenue efficiency and efficiency convergence for 22 European Union insurance markets during the financial crisis and after. It also looks at firm-specific factors that might affect inefficiency. Revenue efficiency falls with the beginning of the financial crisis but remains relatively stable over the examined period. The average revenue efficiency is found to be 57.4% indicating a 42.6% possible increase in revenue efficiency on average. The results on the issue of convergence are mixed; β-convergence has taken place but not σ-convergence. In fact, σ-divergence occurred during the financial crisis period. Size and diversification seem to negatively affect efficiency. (JEL: G15, G22, F36)
Effects of dominance resistant solutions on the performance of evolutionary multi-objective and many-objective algorithms

Dominance resistant solutions (DRSs) in multi-objective problems have very good values for some objectives and very bad values for other objectives. Whereas DRSs are far away from the Pareto front, they are hardly dominated by other solutions due to some very good objective values. It is well known that the existence of DRSs severely degrades the search ability of Pareto dominance-based algorithms such as NSGA-II and SPEA2. In this paper, we examine the effect of DRSs on the search ability of NSGA-II on the DTLZ test problems with many objectives. We slightly change their problem formulation to increase the size of the DRS region. Through computational experiments, we show that DRSs have a strong negative effect on the search ability of NSGA-II whereas they have almost no effect on MOEA/D with the PBI function. We also show that a slightly modified NSGA-II for decreasing the negative effect of DRSs works well on many-objective DTLZ test problems (its performance is similar to NSGA-III and MOEA/D). These results suggest that DTLZ is not an appropriate test suite for evaluating many-objective evolutionary algorithms. This issue is further addressed through computational experiments on newly formulated test problems with no distance function.
Length-Weight and Width-Weight Relationships of Mud Crab Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798)

2 Abstract: The carapace length / carapace width-body weight in the mud crab Scylla tranquebarica was studied. The relationships between carapace length/carapace width and body weight (Log w = -0.35923+3.140792 and Log w = -1.05521+3.271845) in males and carapace length / width and body weight (Log w = -0.0996+2.829127 and Log w = -0.80516+3.020237) in females were observed. Analysis of covariance of carapace length / carapace width - weight data in the species between the regression equations in males and females were highly significant difference (p < 0.05). The present results indicated that males are heavier than females at any given length / width in this species.
TEACHING IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL A REFLECTIVE ACTION APPROACH 4TH EDITION

teaching in the elementary school a reflective action approach 4th edition teaching as story telling an alternative approach to teaching and curriculum in the elementary school elementary and middle school mathematics teaching developmentally 7th edition elementary and middle school mathematics teaching developmentally 8th edition children moving a reflective approach to teaching physical education teaching reflective learning in higher education a systematic approach using pedagogic patterns teaching a crucial dialogue essentials of elementary school teaching download a problem solving approach to mathematics for elementary school teachers 11th edition mp4 elementary school library in action action suggested activities to motivate the teaching of elementary physical education teaching literature in the elementary grades a thematic approach the romance of teaching montessori in the elementary school teaching of social studies in elementary school elementary school teachers beliefs about teaching environmental education mathematics for elementary school teachers a process approach a problem solving approach to mathematics for elementary school teachers the joy of sciencing a handson approach to developing science literacy and teen leadership through crobage teaching and community action teaching middle school physical education a standards based approach for grades 5 8 reflective teaching the preparation of students of teaching literaturebased moral education childrens books activities for teaching values responsibility good judgment in the elementary school
Distribution of enzymes related to C3 and C4 pathway of photosynthesis between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of Panicum hians and Panicum milioides

Enzymes of the C4 and C3 pathways and photorespiration were analyzed for P. hians and P. milioides, which have chlorenchymatous bundle sheath cells in the leaves. On whole-leaf extracts the levels of PEP carboxylase were relatively low compared to C4 species, RuDP carboxylase is typical of C3 species, and enzymes of photorespiratory metabolism appeared somewhat intermediate between C3 and C4. Substantial levels of PEP carboxylase, RuDP carboxylase, and photorespiratory enzymes were found in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Low levels of C4-acid decarboxylating enzymes may limit the capacity for C4 photosynthesis in P. hians and P. milioides. The results on enzyme activity and distribution between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells were consistent with CO2 fixation via the C3 pathway in these 2 species
Aggressive Behavior among Females of the Siamese Fighting Fish, Betta splendens

T ! HE Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, has long been known for its highly aggressive behavior. It is easily bred and readily available. The species is relatively hardy. Specimens are maintained in the laboratory without difficulty. These factors recommend it to students of aggressive behavior among animals. Although there is available a certain amount of literature concerning B. splendens, much of it is of a popular or semipopular nature and often errs as to details. Furthermore, most accounts of the behavior of the species concern themselves exclusively with the fighting behavior of the males or with reproductive behavior (Smith, 1947; Noble and Borne, 1941). The late G. K. Noble (1939) stated that the females form hierarchies, but presented no details.
Effects of crude humin and compost produced from selected waste on Zea mays growth, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency

Waste from oil palm plantations, paddy fields, sawn timber and poultries are substantial. Inappropriate disposal of these wastes can cause environmental problems such as air and land pollutions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of crude humin and compost produced from rice straw, rice husk, sawdust, and oil palm empty fruit bunch on growth, dry matter production, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of maize. Standard procedures were used to determine soil pH, total nitrogen, exchangeable ammonium, available nitrate, exchangeable phosphorus, cations, organic matter, total organic carbon and cation exchange capacity before and after planting. The plants were measured for diameter and height at tasselling stage prior to harvest. Dry matter production, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency were also determined. Application of sawdust compost (T8) significantly increased maize plant diameter, height, dry matter production, and N, P and K uptake and use efficiency. It also reduced N, P and K based chemical fertilizer up to 90%. Application of humin and other selected waste composts (T6, T7 and T9) could be used as alternative for chemical fertilizers and their similar effects on maize plants.
WEEVILS AND PLANTS: PHYLOGENETIC VERSUS ECOLOGICAL MEDIATION OF EVOLUTION OF HOST PLANT ASSOCIATIONS IN CURCULIONINAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

A great proportion of biodiversity is accounted for by organisms, particularly insects, intimately associated with plants. Knowing whether ecological or phylogenetic factors chiefly influence the evolution of host plant associations is essential to understanding speciation in, and therefore factors influencing diversity of, phytophagous insects. Through examination of known host plant associations in Curculioninae and comparison with available reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of certain taxa of Curculioninae, little, if any, evidence for cospeciation (parallel cladogenesis) is found. In curculionine taxa where sufficient host plant and/or phylogenetic data are available, weevil species are narrowly to broadly oligophagous; a number of related weevil species are associated with a single host plant species; many weevil genera have host plant ranges spanning distantly related plant taxa; and available weevil reconstructed phylogenies are not concordant with plant relationships. Rather, for at least some weevil taxa, evolution appears to be mediated by one or more of a variety of strictly ecological factors, particularly habitat associations. General applications of these results include biological control, pollination biology, conservation and restoration biology, and use of patterns in insect – host plant associations to resolve problems in plant classification.
Genotyping of Fresh and Parafinized Human Hydatid Cysts Using nad1 and cox1 Genes in Hamadan Province, West of Iran

Background: Hydatidosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic infection and Hamadan Province in the west of Iran is one of the most important foci of human hydatidosis in Iran. The aim of the current study was the genetic characterization of hydatid cysts operated from humans in Hamadan Province. Methods: Seventy-two hydatid cysts samples including 50 paraffinized and 22 fresh human hydatid cysts collected from different hospitals in Hamadan Province, western Iran. The cysts' DNA genome was extracted by kit and PCR was performed for amplifying the fragments of 400 and 450bp for nad1 and cox1 mitochondrial genes, respectively. Genotype diversity and sequence variations of the cysts' isolates were studied by related software. Results: DNA from all (100%) paraffinized and fresh hydatid cysts samples extracted successfully. All paraffinized and fresh hydatid cysts samples were amplified by PCR assay using nad1gene, however, only 18 and 8 samples from paraffinized and fresh hydatid cyst samples was amplified using cox1 gene, respectively. The sequences analysis indicated that, 98.61% the Echinococcus granulosus samples were belong to the genotype G1 and 1.39% were G3 genotype. Conclusion: Genotypes of E. granulosus in human samples in Hamadan Province are G1 and G3 and these findings are proved by phylogenic analysis.