Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INCREASING THE FISHER INFORMATION CONTENT IN THE MATTER POWER SPECTRUM BY NONLINEAR WAVELET WIENER FILTERING

We develop a purely mathematical tool to recover some of the information lost in the nonlinear collapse of large-scale structure. From a set of 141 simulations of dark matter density fields, we construct a nonlinear Wiener filter in order to separate Gaussian and non-Gaussian structure in wavelet space. We find that the non-Gaussian power is dominant at smaller scales, as expected from the theory of structure formation, while the Gaussian counterpart is damped by an order of magnitude on small scales. We find that it is possible to increase the Fisher information by a factor of three before reaching the translinear plateau, an effect comparable to other techniques like the linear reconstruction of the density field.
Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films

We explore a new type of domain wall structure in ultrathin films with perpendicular anisotropy, that is influenced by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction due to the adjacent layers. This study is performed by numerical and analytical micromagnetics. We show that these walls can behave like Néel walls with very high stability, moving in stationary conditions at large velocities under large fields. We discuss the relevance of such walls, that we propose to call Dzyaloshinskii domain walls, for current-driven domain wall motion under the spin Hall effect.
Revisionary systematics of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) guided by phylogenomics

The anthozoan sub-class Octocorallia includes over 3500 nominal species of soft corals and gorgonian sea fans, many of which serve as critical foundation species in benthic marine ecosystems in shallow waters to the deep sea. Despite their familiarity and ecological impor-tance, the diversity and taxonomy of octocorals remain poorly known. All of the orders, subordinal groups, and a majority of families have been recognized to be poly- or paraphyletic, but poor resolution of the deeper nodes in mitochondrial or single-locus nuclear gene trees have hindered formal revision of the higher-level taxonomy of the group. We used sequence data from target-capture of 739 ultraconserved and exon loci to reconstruct a fully resolved phylogeny for 185 octocoral taxa represent-ing 55 of 63 currently recognized families. We use this phylogeny, sup-plemented with a gene tree for mitochondrial mtMutS for an additional 107 taxa, to guide a revision of the families and orders of Octocorallia. We (1) elevate the anthozoan sub-classes Octocorallia and Hexacorallia to the rank of Class; (2) replace the three currently recognized orders of Octocorallia (Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea, Helioporacea) with two new orders reflecting reciprocally monophyletic major clades; and (3) revise all families with the exception of the 15 recognized families of sea pens, which we accommodate within a new superfamily. The revised classifi-cation of Octocorallia thus comprises 79 families, including 18 that are newly described and three that have been reinstated or elevated in rank. In addition, two new genera are described and another three reinstated. We leave the family assignment of 46 of 413 genera as incertae sedis until further molecular or morphological data can be obtained to confirm their phylogenetic affinities.
Shedding some light on in-game formation changes in the German Bundesliga: Frequency, contextual factors, and differences between offensive and defensive formations

The tactical formation is considered an important factor in soccer, however, changes in tactical formation during matches (in-game) and the distinction between offensive and defensive formations has rarely been considered in previous studies analyzing match performance. Therefore, objectives of this study were to investigate the following research questions: (i) How frequently do in-game formation changes occur? (ii) What contextual factors are associated with these changes? (iii) How often do defensive and offensive formations differ? The sample consisted of 81 matches (n = 162 single team cases) of the 2020/2021 German Bundesliga season. For each case, the starting formations (i.e. defensive and offensive) and in-game formation changes were recorded by observation of video data. For each in-game formation change, the contextual variables “point in time,” “substitutions,” and “goals” were recorded. In-game formation changes were found in 29.6% of the cases studied. Most in-game formation changes were discovered for the second half (95.2%), when the own team substituted at least one player (76.2%), and when the opposing team was leading the match (69.0%). In 25.3% of the investigated cases, the offensive and defensive formations of a team differed. Concluding, in-game formation changes are a relatively common phenomenon and, therefore, must be considered in the methodology of future research on tactical formation in soccer. The same applies to the distinction between offensive and defensive formation. Furthermore, coaches can use the findings to anticipate possible opposing team in-game formation changes earlier (e.g. in the second half, when the own team is leading and the opponent is substituting a player).
Stackable Transactional File System Using Kernel-Level WAL

User applications that require transactional file access generally use user-level transactional protocols such as logging, atomic rename, since the POSIX interface does not support transactional file operations. The user-level protocols are complex and require specific persistence properties of file systems for correctness. If the kernel provides transactional access to file data, application developers can avoid the complex and error-prone application-level protocols. Many previous studies on kernel-level transactional support have several critical limitations such as complex APIs, file system-dependence, and low transaction concurrency. In this paper, we propose a kernel-level write-ahead logging (WAL) technique, called KWAL. KWAL maintains user-transparent WAL files and redirects transactional IOs to them. Since KWAL is implemented as a stackable file system, it can be mounted over any native file systems, without modifying them. To provide a higher transaction concurrency while guaranteeing isolation, KWAL supports byte-level write conflict detection and repeatable read isolation. We also utilize a block remap technique to resolve the duplicate write problem of WAL-based transaction scheme. To demonstrate the usefulness of KWAL, we implemented a simple key-value store using KWAL APIs, fixed the wrong transaction implementation of the Git application, and simplified the implementation of the storage engines of MySQL and SQLite.
Polanyi and Schumpeter: Transitional processes via societal spheres

Abstract We examine parallels and differences, intersections and complementarities in the notions of societal transition by Karl Polanyi and Joseph A. Schumpeter. Considering their intellectual heritage, methodology and scope, we propose a three-sphere framework to analyse their theories and study the interdependencies within capitalism. The three spheres essential to both thinkers are the political, the socio-cultural and the economic: the latter dominates the others in capitalist societies. The resulting rationalisation (Schumpeter) and commodification (Polanyi) distort the socio-cultural sphere and transcend towards the political sphere which undermines democracy. Applying our framework, we identify similar transitional mechanisms but derive different implications for society.
Critical Look at the Solar Photon Thruster Concept

A solar photon thruster is a class of solar sail using multiple reflecting surfaces. Herein, the details of solar photon thruster design are investigated to allow comparison against more typical solar sail configurations. Many potential problems with the solar photon thruster concept have been sidestepped in the literature. Therefore, issues relevant to solar photon thruster operation were investigated, such as the following questions: 1) What are the realistic thrust levels and performance that such a vehicle might experience? 2) Do lightweight materials capable of handling the high heat fluxes, where the light is concentrated and reflected, exist? 3) How significant are the reflection losses due to having multiple reflective surfaces? 4) Can a large flexible mirror really focus the light sufficiently well to allow the solar photon thruster concept to work? It is found that any solar photon thruster will have a significantly inferior performance to a similarly sized flat solar sail. The maximum reflectiv.
Quantum Mechanical Analysis Based on Perturbation Theory of CdSe/ZnS Quantum-Dot Light-Emission Properties

A simulation of quantum dot (QD) energy levels was designed to reproduce a quantum mechanical analytic method based on perturbation theory. A Schrödinger equation describing an electron–hole pair in a QD was solved, in consideration of the heterogeneity of the material parameters of the core and shell. The equation was solved numerically using single-particle basis sets to obtain the eigenstates and energies. This approach reproduced an analytic solution based on perturbation theory, while the calculation was performed using a numerical method. Owing to the effectiveness of the method, QD behavior according to the core diameter and external electric field intensity could be investigated reliably and easily. A 9.2 nm diameter CdSe/ZnS QD with a 4.2 nm diameter core and 2.5 nm thick shell emitted a 530 nm green light, according to an analysis of the effects of core diameter on energy levels. A 4 nm redshift at 5.4×105 V/cm electric field intensity was found while investigating the effects of external electric field on energy levels. These values agree well with previously reported experimental results. In addition to the energy levels and light emission wavelengths, the spatial distributions of wavefunctions were obtained. This analysis method is widely applicable for studying QD characteristics with varying structure and material compositions and should aid the development of high-performance QD technologies.
Uncertain Climate Forecasts From Multimodel Ensembles: When to Use Them and When to Ignore Them

Uncertainty around multimodel ensemble forecasts of changes in future climate reduces the accuracy of those forecasts. For very uncertain forecasts this effect may mean that the forecasts should not be used. We investigate the use of the well-known Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) to make the decision as to whether a forecast should be used or ignored.
Associating Synchronous and Asynchronous Remote Teaching Formats with Student Situational Interest and Motivation

In response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, instructors across the world faced the uncertainty and challenge of retaining student engagement after transitioning from face-to-face to emergency remote instruction. Yet, few studies have evaluated student interest and motivation in the various learning formats during emergency remote learning conditions. The current study examines student situational interest and situational motivation with three emergency remote teaching formats. In Fall 2020, a previously face-to-face introductory animal science course was taught fully-remote. Each week, students participated in a 50-minute synchronous lecture (SLec), 50 minutes of asynchronous lecture (ALec), and a 70-minute synchronous lab (Lab). We assessed situational interest and situational motivation in SLec, Alec, and Lab during weeks 6 and 10. Using linear mixed effects modeling, students demonstrated greater situational interest, attention demand, instant enjoyment, novelty, and total interest in SLec and Lab compared with ALec. Intrinsic motivation was higher and external regulation was lower in Lab and SLec compared with ALec. Students reported greater amotivation and decreased identified regulation with the ALec compared with Lab. Our results, although limited to one course, suggest that synchronous remote formats are associated with greater student interest and intrinsic motivation compared with asynchronous formats.
A WARM MOLECULAR HYDROGEN TAIL DUE TO RAM-PRESSURE STRIPPING OF A CLUSTER GALAXY

We have discovered a remarkable warm (130–160 K) molecular hydrogen tail with a H2 mass of approximately 4 × 107 M☉ extending 20 kpc from a cluster spiral galaxy, ESO 137-001, in Abell 3627. At least half of this gas is lost permanently to the intracluster medium, as the tail extends beyond the tidal radius of the galaxy. We also detect a hot (400–550 K) component in the tail that is approximately 1% of the mass. The large H2 line to IR continuum luminosity ratio in the tail indicates that star formation is not a major excitation source and that the gas is possibly shock-heated. This discovery confirms that the galaxy is currently undergoing ram-pressure stripping, as also indicated by its previously discovered X-ray and Hα tails. We estimate that the galaxy is losing its warm H2 gas at a rate of ∼2–3 M☉ yr−1. The true mass-loss rate is likely higher if we account for cold molecular gas and atomic gas. We predict that the galaxy will lose most of its gas in a single pass through the core and place a strong upper limit on the ram-pressure timescale of 1 Gyr. We also study the star-forming properties of the galaxy and its tail. We identify most of the previously discovered external Hα sources within the tail in our 8 μm data but not in our 3.6 μm data; IRS spectroscopy of the region containing these Hα sources also reveals aromatic features typically associated with star formation. From the positions of these H ii regions, it appears that star formation is not occurring throughout the molecular hydrogen tail but only immediately downstream of the galaxy. Some of these H ii regions lie outside the tidal radius of the galaxy, indicating that ram-pressure stripping can be a source of intracluster stars.
The Representation of Women as Post-Secondary Graduates and the Role of Educational Systems: Evidence From 51 Countries

Women now earn well over half of bachelor’s and master’s degrees awarded in most countries around the world. Although this gender revolution in higher education is a global one, there is a good deal of cross-national variation in the representation of women as recipients of post-secondary degrees. Using a sample of both OECD and non-OECD countries, this study examines whether differences in educational systems help explain this cross-national variation. Women’s representation as master’s degree recipients are most strongly correlated with the institutional features of a country’s education system. The empirical results show that countries with later ages of first selection into distinct educational programs are associated with a greater representation of women earning master’s and (though this finding is less robust) doctoral degrees. The empirical evidence also shows that those countries with more educational programs available to students at age 15 award greater shares of master’s degrees to women. JEL codes: I21, I23, I24, J16
A Smart Wireless IoT Ring for Real-Time Keystroke Recognition Using Edge Computing

Enabling a single ring to recognize 3-D keystrokes is a daunting challenge, especially for real-time keystrokes’ recognition. In this work, we integrated edge computing and machine learning algorithms into a microcontroller unit (MCU) of a smart ring so that keystrokes’ motion can be accurately recognized in real time. We developed a multilevel decision (MLD) algorithm and embed a lightweight support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to execute computation for keystroke recognition on the edge of the smart ring. With this method, we can reduce the time for data transmission and avoid the data redundancy problem with the huge dispersion calculation workload, thus improving the real-time performance of the smart ring device. Consequently, the application of this smart ring-based virtual keyboard system has minimum requirements for hardware, such as memory space and computing capacity. This study demonstrates that the use of low-performance chips in future virtual keyboard systems is possible in order to achieve lower development cost, reduced device size, and improved ease of use. The proposed smart ring is expected to provide a novel and convenient technology for real-world human–computer-interface applications in the future.
Properties of the Preisach model for hysteresis.

As shown by Krasnosel" skii, the classical Preisach model allows to construct a hysteresis operator Wbetween spaces of real functions of time. This construction, via the definition of a measure mu in the so-called Preisach plane, is recalled. Characterizations in terms of mu are given for several mapping and continuity properties of W in various function spaces, for the invertibility of W and for the corresponding mapping and continuity properties of the inverse.
Phytochemical, Physiochemical, Macroscopic, and Microscopic Analysis of Rosa damascena Flower Petals and Buds

Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of R. damascena buds and flower petals was used to find the main morphological and anatomical features of these types of medicinal plant material (MPM). The presence of polysaccharides, free and bound monosaccharides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and essential oils was confirmed by chemical and histochemical reactions. The quality indicator of R. damascena buds and flower petals was evaluated in this study; weight loss on drying gave the next result: 6.69 ± 0.20% for flower petals and 6.65 ± 0.13% for buds. The swelling index showed a high result for R. damascena flower petals and buds. R. damascena buds swelling index—5 ± 0.2 and R. damascenaflower petals swelling index—15 ± 0.6. The determination of volatile substances by GC/MS shows the presence of 18 volatile compounds in flower petals and buds, this number varies up to 17. Nonadecane, heneicosane, and octadecane are the main components in both medicinal plant materials. Both buds and flower petals contain approximately the same amount of citronellol. Phenylethyl alcohol is present in large amounts in buds but in small amounts in flower petals. R. damascena flower petals and buds are the sources of volatile compounds, phenols, and polysaccharides. The results of our investigation showed great differences and similarities between buds and flower petals of R. damascena. We have confirmed that not only buds but also flower petals could be a source of biologically active substances (BASs) such as essential oils, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds. Flower petals could be an alternative MPM. We would also like to underline the importance of standard documentation for MPM: its macro and microscopic description, harvest time, control techniques of the qualitative composition, and the quantitative content of the main BAS. Because it will help in the production of various high-quality products that can be used in medicine, pharmacy, food, and the perfume industries.
Speaking of Online Learning: Alternative Practice-Based Learning Experiences for Speech Pathologists in Australia, Ghana and Hong Kong

Speech Pathology programs usually send students to workplaces to learn clinical skills necessary for practice. During COVID-19, programs needed to respond quickly to ensure that students continued to gain the necessary experiences and skills required to progress through their program and graduate as clinicians, while simultaneously complying with COVID-19 requirements. Case studies from seven different universities in Australia, Ghana and Hong Kong described the diverse ways in which placements were adapted to be COVID-safe, taking into account local needs. Some practices which had been included in placement education prior to the pandemic, such as telepractice and simulation-based learning, were extended and developed during this time. Educators, students, clinicians and clients responded to the rapidly changing needs of the time with flexibility and innovation, utilising a variety of technologies and tools to support case-based and virtual learning opportunities. Feedback from these diverse stakeholders about the experiences was positive, despite inevitable limitations and less-than-ideal circumstances. The positive findings provided insights for consideration in the future: could strategies implemented in response to the pandemic continue to be incorporated into placement experiences, enhancing current practices and maintaining student performance outcomes? Exceptional circumstances prompted exceptional responses; flexibility and innovation were accelerated in response to the pandemic and may transform future placement-based learning opportunities.
High Recovery from Either Waterlogging or Drought Overrides Any Beneficial Acclimation of Chloris gayana Facing a Subsequent Round of Stress

Climate models predict that plants will face extreme fluctuations in water availability in future global change scenarios. Then, forage production will be more frequently subjected to the destabilizing pressure of sequentially occurring waterlogging and drought events. While the isolated effects of drought (D) and waterlogging (WL) are well characterized, little is known about the consequences when both stresses occur sequentially. We hypothesized that plants sequentially subjected to opposite water scenarios (D followed by WL or vice versa) are less stress tolerant than plants experiencing repetitions of the same type of water stress (i.e., D + D or WL + WL) due to contrasting acclimation and allocation to either shoots (WL) or roots (D). Chloris gayana (a tropical forage grass capable of tolerating either D and WL) plants were randomly assigned to nine treatments (a sequence of two stress rounds—WL or D—each followed by a recovery phase at field capacity). Relative growth rates and allometric responses were measured after each stress round and recovery period. In the first round of stress, both WL and D reduced plant RGR similarly, despite their allocation being opposite—prioritizing shoots or roots under WL and D, respectively. The high recovery displayed after either WL or D overrode any possible acclimation of the plants facing a second round of water stress. We conclude that the tolerance of C. gayana to sequential water stress (either for WL or D) is likely to depend more heavily on its recovery ability than on its previous adjustment to any stress scenario that may evoke memory responses. Knowledge like this could help improve forage grass breeding and the selection of cultivars for poorly drained soils subject to sequential stress events.
Low noise regimes for ℓ regularization : continuous and discrete settings

We focus on support recovery for signal deconvolution with sparsity assumption. We adopt the continuous setting defined by several recent works and we try to reconstruct a sum of Dirac masses from its low frequencies (possibly perturbed by some noise), by using a total variation prior for Radon measures (i.e. the generalization to measures of the ℓ1 norm). We show that, under a non degenerate source condition, there exists a small noise regime in which the model recovers exactly the same number of spikes as the original signal, and the spikes converge to those of the original signal as the noise vanishes. This continuous setting, by allowing the spikes to “move”, provides robust support recovery for signals composed of well separated spikes.
Holomorphic maps of a Riemann surface into a flag manifold

We prove that there exist constants co > 0, c\ such that the inclusion Hol°(Σ,G/P) -> Map°(Σ,G/P) of the space of holomorphic maps of degree k = (k\, fo, ••-, k r ), h > 0 of a Riemann surface Σ to a flag manifold G/P, into the corresponding space of continuous maps, induces isomorphisms in homology groups Hi for i < co\k\ — c\, with \k\ = min(fcj).