Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translational Diffusion in Lipid Bilayers: Dynamic Free-Volume Theory and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Position- and direction-dependent diffusion coefficients of spherical, nonpolar solutes as represented by noble gases in a model lipid bilayer are investigated by nonequilibrium and equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The nonequilibrium MD method, which is based on linear response theory, is developed by determining an optimal range of external forces in which the response of solute mean velocities is linear and the perturbation to bilayer properties is minimal and by comparing with equilibrium MD simulation and experiment. Solute diffusivity is found to be smaller in a more ordered acyl-chain region and in the plane normal to the bilayer interface and exhibits markedly different dependences on solute size, depending on location in the bilayer interior and diffusion direction. The diffusion coefficients calculated closely follow those obtained from free-flight-length distributions of solute, a novel measure of free-volume anisotropy, based on the Einstein relation, suggesting that free volume.
Estabilidade de pasta de amêndoa de castanha de caju

This work involved an evaluation of the stability of cashew nut butter obtained by grinding up broken cashew kernels with sugar, salt and soy lecithin. The influence of different packaging materials (glass and polypropylene containers) and antioxidants (BHA, BHT and tocopherols) on product quality was also evaluated. Physicochemical (water activity, acidity index, instrumental color and texture) and microbiological characteristics (total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci, yeast and mold) and sensory acceptance (appearance, flavor, taste and texture) were monitored during 300 days of storage at room temperature (28 °C). The findings indicated an increase in the acidity index, a decline in smoothness and discoloration. However, these alterations hardly affected the sensory acceptance, which, after 300 days of storage, was expressed as "I like it a little" and "I like it moderately". The microbiological analyses showed good product quality at the end of the storage period, since the product met the specifications of Brazilian regulations, i.e., a maximum of 10 MPN.g -1 of fecal coliforms (at 45 °C) and absence of Salmonella spp. in 25 g of product. The results indicated that cashew nut butter can be stored for the time period and under the conditions tested here and that the packaging material and antioxidants utilized did not affect the product's stability.
Novel Brønsted-Acidic Ionic Liquids Based on Benzothiazolium Cations as Catalysts for the Acetalization Reactions

Three novel brønsted-acidic ionic liquids based on benzothiazolium cations ([HBth][CH3SO3], [HBth][CF3SO3] and [HBth][p-Tsa]) were prepared and served as effective and environmentally friendly catalysts for the acetalization reactions. Highly catalytic properties and the temperature-sensitive characteristic of the ionic liquid catalysts were exhibited during the process. The temperature-sensitive characteristic made the catalysts homogeneous in higher temperature during the reaction and precipitated from the reaction medium in lower temperature after the reaction, which was conducive to the isolation of the ionic liquids by simple filtration. Furthermore, a recycling study was executed and conﬁrmed that the ionic liquids could be used multiple times affording without noticeable decrease in efficiency.
Particle Size Comparison of Soft‐Chemically Prepared Transition Metal (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) Aluminate Spinels

Nanocrystalline MAl2O4 (M=Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) spinel powders are synthesized by pyrolysis of complex compounds of aluminum and transition metal (cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc) with triethanolamine (TEA). The precursor materials are formed on complete dehydration of the soluble complexes of aluminum–TEA and transition metal–TEA (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), maintaining the resulting pH of each of the solutions at 4–5. The precursors are heat treated at different temperatures to provide phase formations. Single-phase MAl2O4 spinel powders were obtained after heat treatment of the precursor material at 600°C, but for CuAl2O4, the precursor passed through an intermediate-phase CuO at a lower treatment temperature. The precursor and the heat-treated powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); the surface area was measured by a Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm. The average particle sizes that were obtained from XRD, TEM, and BET adsorption isotherm were compared.
Fluxes and production of N2O, CO2 and CH4 in boreal agricultural soil during winter as affected by snow cover

Agricultural soils are important source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) and a considerable part of annual N2O release occurs during the cold season in the boreal region. According to recent studies N2O can be produced in soils at low temperatures, below 0°C. We studied if removal of the snowcover lowers soil temperatures and whether this would affect flux rates of N2O, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from an agricultural soil in eastern Finland. Gas flux rates and concentrations in soil were measured from study plots with undisturbed snow cover and from plots with snow removed. This experiment simulates changes in the soil thermal conditions with less snowfall. Plots without snow had even 15°C lower temperature at the depth of 5 cm and they had higher N2O emissions during soil freezing and thawing. However, there were only minor changes in CH4 or CO2 flux rates after removal of snow over the cold season. N2O and CO2 accumulated in the soil during winter and were then released rapidly during thawing in spring. CH4 concentrations in the soil remained lower than the atmospheric levels during winter and subsequently increased to the ambient levels after thawing. Future climate scenarios suggest possible decline in snowfall in northern Europe resulting in lower soil temperatures. This could lead to higher N2O emissions from boreal agricultural soils.
Phase transformation of ZrO2 nanoparticles produced from zircon

This article focuses on the phase transformation of zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles produced from zircon using a bottom-up approach. The influence of mechanical milling and thermal annealing on crystalline phase transformation of ZrO2 nanoparticles was explored. It was found that the iron oxide, as an inherent impurity present in ZrO2 nanoparticles, produced from zircon stabilises the cubic phase after calcination at 600°C. The stabilised cubic phase of ZrO2 nanoparticles was disappeared and transformed into partial tetragonal and monoclinic phases after mechanical milling. The phase transformation occurred on account of the crystal defect induced by high-energy mechanical milling. The destabilisation of cubic phase into monoclinic phase was observed after the thermal annealing of ZrO2 nanoparticles at 1000°C. The phase transitions observed are correlated to the exclusion of iron oxide from the zirconia crystal structure.
A Study on Environmental Awareness of Elementary School Students

The sense of crisis on seriousness of earth environment is gradually getting greater and the importance of environment education followed by this trend is being highlighted. As an environment friendly New Environmental Paradigm opposed to the human Dominant Social Paradigm on the existing environment is on the rise, the environment education considers not only the perceptive field, but the definitive field and behavioral pattern to follow as important values. Accordingly, the basic awareness of students on environment was found out in order to perform a proper environment education and tried to find out the behavior pattern that the students have on environment on this basis. For the research tool of this study, the one that has revised the Revised NEP Scale for elementary school students which Geum, Ji Hun Kim, Jin Mo have validated the feasibility and reliability while the test paper was prepared by dividing into recycling behavior, energy preservation behavior and source of information. The target of this study was 600 students in sixth grade of elementary school residing in Kimhae, Gyeongsangnamdo while the mean, average, standard deviation, independent t-test and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 15.0 statistics program for a total of 462 copies including 235 copies from male students and 227 copies from female students. The results of this study are as follows. First, everyone had high pro-NEP tendencies on the environmental problem with 4.14. On the other hand, the anti-NEP did not have high awareness standard with 2.98. Second, the awareness level on resource recycling was shown as being quite high with 4.05. Between NEP and resource recycling, a positive correlation of r=. 155 was shown so that the awareness level on resource recycling was getting quite high as the awareness on environment problem was getting higher. Third, the awareness level on energy saving activity was shown as being very high with 3.0. Between NEP and resource recycling, a positive correlation of r=. 210 so that the awareness level on energy saving was getting quite high as the awareness on environment problem was getting higher. Fourth, for the source of information on environmental problems of region, our country and global village, the television and internet were shown as main sources of information while the ratio of positive answers on teachers and region as sources of information was shown as quite low.
Raman studies on rock-forming minerals. Part I. Orthosilicates and cyclosilicates

The Raman spectra of a number of orthosilicates of the garnet, zircon, olivine, phenacite, and other groups have been measured and modes due to the internal vibrations of (SiO4) groups assigned; a number of isostructural compounds were also studied. Spectra were also measured of minerals containing (Si3O9), (Si4O12), and (Si6O18) rings (benitoite, catapleite, axinite, dioptase, beryl, and tourmaline) and group assignments for these and other cyclosilicates suggested, the spectra of model ring compounds of germanates and phosphates being used as a basis.
Surface modes on a polymer gel of finite thickness

The fluctuations in the height of the free surface of a polymer gel of finite thickness are analyzed in the limit where the period of elastic oscillations is small compared to the viscous relaxation time. In this limit, the dominant forces in the momentum conservation equation are the elastic and surface tension forces; the viscous forces enter as a subdominant correction. Zero stress boundary conditions are applied at the free surface, while two different types of boundary conditions are considered at the other surface— for ‘‘grafted’’ gels zero displacement conditions are applied, while for ‘‘adsorbed’’ gels the displacement normal to the surface is zero but the surface is permitted to move in the lateral direction. There are multiple frequencies of oscillation, all of which are consistent with the boundary conditions, and it is found that the frequency and the decay rates of the oscillations are lower for the adsorbed gels. The static structure factor is calculated from the energy storage due to the elastic strain, surface deformation, and kinetic energy of motion. The structure factor has a peak at a nonzero value of the wave number for a grafted gel, while the maximum occurs at zero wave number for an adsorbed gel. An increase in the surface tension reduces the magnitude of the peak, and shifts it to lower values of the wave number.The fluctuations in the height of the free surface of a polymer gel of finite thickness are analyzed in the limit where the period of elastic oscillations is small compared to the viscous relaxation time. In this limit, the dominant forces in the momentum conservation equation are the elastic and surface tension forces; the viscous forces enter as a subdominant correction. Zero stress boundary conditions are applied at the free surface, while two different types of boundary conditions are considered at the other surface— for ‘‘grafted’’ gels zero displacement conditions are applied, while for ‘‘adsorbed’’ gels the displacement normal to the surface is zero but the surface is permitted to move in the lateral direction. There are multiple frequencies of oscillation, all of which are consistent with the boundary conditions, and it is found that the frequency and the decay rates of the oscillations are lower for the adsorbed gels. The static structure factor is calculated from the energy storage due to the el.
POPULATION DENSITY OF CERTAIN PIERCING SUCKING PESTS ON THREE SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN RELATION TO SOME LEAF CHARACTERISTIC

The population density of the white fly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glov. , jassids, Empoasca spp. and the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. were evaluated on three soybean varieties (Giza 35, Giza 82 and Clark) at Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kafr El-Sheikh during two successive seasons; 2008 and 2009 as well as its relation to hair numbers on leaf and chlorophyll content. The obtained results indicated that B. tabaci started to appear with higher numbers than the other pests during the two study seasons and its population was the highest ,while T. urticae . was the least. B. tabaci recorded two peaks of abundance in every season ( on 28 th June and 23 rd August, respectively). Both Empoasca spp. and T. urticae recorded its maximum on 26 th July in the two seasons. One peak of abundance for A. gossypii occurred in the first season (26 th July) and two peaks in the second season (12 th July and 23 rd August). The statistical analysis indicated insignificant differences in chlorophyll content of leaf between the three varieties in spite of the differences in the population of the considered pests, while the hair density on leaf significantly affected the pest population. Giza 35 which possessed the highest number of hairs on leaf, harbored the highest population of B. tabaci and T. urticae and the lowest population of A. gossypii . The highest number of A. gossypii occurred on Clark variety which had the low number of hairs on leaf. Giza 82 was the least infested with A. gossypii and T. urticae and had a moderate number of hairs on leaf. The three tested varieties did not appear a significant differences to infestation with Empoasca spp. Thus, the varieties that had a low number of hairs on leaves should be used as a safe and easy tool in the integrated pest management program to reduce the infestation with the harmful pests of soybean.
Ab initio study of Arduengo-type group 13 carbene analogues

An abinitio study on anions [LHE]- (LH=1,4-diaza-buta-1,3-diene, E=B, Al) and the corresponding neutral radicals LHE has been carried out. Both [LHB]- [1(B)] and [LHAl]- [1(Al)] are predicted to be thermodynamically and kinetically stable species. However, the rearrangement to the isomeric amides 4(B) and 4(Al) is endothermic only for 1(Al). This and a better stabilized lone pair appear to make 1(Al) the more promising preparative target.
PHASE SEPARATION BEHAVIORS AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH COKE FORMATION IN THERMAL REACTION SYSTEMS OF VACUUM RESIDUA

ABSTRACT A real-time optical microscope monitoring of the physical process of coke formation in the batch-type thermal reaction systems of three typical Chinese vacuum residua has evidenced that, as the residence time extends, there appear successively three kinds of neophases identified themselves by their morphology, onset point and bulk effect. The solubility test has demonstrated that all the three categories of neophases are of the same solubility class. Additional proofs from the comprehensive time-sequential approach to the thermal reaction process of vacuum residua and the morphological relations disclosed by SEM between the neophases and coke have justified the heavy dependence of coke formation upon the neophases and their phase separation behaviors.
Evaluation of Carburization and Decarburization Behavior of Fe-9Cr-Mo Ferritic Steels in Sodium Environment

Carburization and decarburization behavior in sodium have been examined for Fe-9Cr-Mo ferritic steels exposure to flowing sodium with containing 0.0049, 0.016 and 0.16 wppm carbon at temperatures between 723 and 873 K. The Fe-9Cr-Mo ferritic steels were more resistant to carbon transfer than 2 ¼ Cr-lMo steel. The carbon transfer and its gradient in Fe-9Cr-Mo ferritic steels was closely related with carbon concentration in sodium, and carburization and decarburization behavior depended on the sodium conditions. In the case of the application of Mod. 9Cr-lMo steel to heat transfer tubes of steam generator of LMFBR, carburization behavior was observed on the conditions that sodium inlet temperature was 778 K and carbon concentration in sodium was 0.01~0.10 wppm. The mean carbon contents of heat transfer tubes after the operation of the steam generator for 200,000 h were estimated to be about 0.103~0.148 wt% comparing with initial carbon contents of 0.10 wt%. Consequently it is expected that high-temperature .
Mutually polar retractions on convex cones.

Two retractions Q and R on closed convex cones M and respectively N of a Banach space are called mutually polar if Q+R=I and QR=RQ=0. This note investigates the existence of a pair of mutually polar retractions for given cones M and N. It is shown that if dim N=1 (or dim M=1) then the retractions are subadditive with respect to the order relation their cone range endow.
A General Computational Framework to Measure the Expressiveness of Complex Networks Using a Tighter Upper Bound of Linear Regions

The expressiveness of deep neural network (DNN) is a perspective to understandthe surprising performance of DNN. The number of linear regions, i.e. pieces thata piece-wise-linear function represented by a DNN, is generally used to measurethe expressiveness. And the upper bound of regions number partitioned by a rec-tifier network, instead of the number itself, is a more practical measurement ofexpressiveness of a rectifier DNN. In this work, we propose a new and tighter up-per bound of regions number. Inspired by the proof of this upper bound and theframework of matrix computation in Hinz & Van de Geer (2019), we propose ageneral computational approach to compute a tight upper bound of regions numberfor theoretically any network structures (e.g. DNN with all kind of skip connec-tions and residual structures). Our experiments show our upper bound is tighterthan existing ones, and explain why skip connections and residual structures canimprove network performance.
Occupational segregation in a Roy model with composition preferences

We propose a model of labor market sector self-selection that combines comparative advantage, as in the Roy model, and sector composition preference. Two groups choose between two sectors based on heterogeneous potential incomes and group compositions in each sector. Potential incomes incorporate group specific human capital accumulation and wage discrimination. Composition preferences are interpreted as reflecting group specific amenity preferences as well as homophily and aversion to minority status. We show that occupational segregation is amplified by the composition preferences and we highlight a resulting tension between redistribution and diversity. The model also exhibits tipping from extreme compositions to more balanced ones. Tipping occurs when a small nudge, associated with affirmative action, pushes the system to a very different equilibrium, and when the set of equilibria changes abruptly when a parameter governing the relative importance of pecuniary and composition preferences crosses a threshold.
Vid2CAD: CAD Model Alignment Using Multi-View Constraints From Videos

We address the task of aligning CAD models to a video sequence of a complex scene containing multiple objects. Our method can process arbitrary videos and fully automatically recover the 9 DoF pose for each object appearing in it, thus aligning them in a common 3D coordinate frame. The core idea of our method is to integrate neural network predictions from individual frames with a temporally global, multi-view constraint optimization formulation. This integration process resolves the scale and depth ambiguities in the per-frame predictions, and generally improves the estimate of all pose parameters. By leveraging multi-view constraints, our method also resolves occlusions and handles objects that are out of view in individual frames, thus reconstructing all objects into a single globally consistent CAD representation of the scene. In comparison to the state-of-the-art single-frame method Mask2CAD that we build on, we achieve substantial improvements on the Scan2CAD dataset (from 11.6% to 30.7% class average accuracy).
CTRLsum: Towards Generic Controllable Text Summarization

Current summarization systems yield generic summaries that are disconnected from users’ preferences and expectations. To address this limitation, we present CTRLsum, a generic framework to control generated summaries through a set of keywords. During training keywords are extracted automatically without requiring additional human annotations. At test time CTRLsum features a control function to map control signal to keywords; through engineering the control function, the same trained model is able to be applied to control summaries on various dimensions, while neither affecting the model training process nor the pretrained models. We additionally explore the combination of keywords and text prompts for more control tasks. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of CTRLsum on three domains of summarization datasets and five control tasks: (1) entity-centric and (2) length-controllable summarization, (3) contribution summarization on scientific papers, (4) invention purpose summarization on patent filings, and (5) question-guided summarization on news articles. Moreover, when used in a standard, unconstrained summarization setting, CTRLsum is comparable or better than strong pretrained systems.
Perceptual Robust Hashing for Color Images with Canonical Correlation Analysis

In this paper, a novel perceptual image hashing scheme for color images is proposed based on ring-ribbon quadtree and color vector angle. First, original image is subjected to normalization and Gaussian low-pass filtering to produce a secondary image, which is divided into a series of ring-ribbons with different radii and the same number of pixels. Then, both textural and color features are extracted locally and globally. Quadtree decomposition (QD) is applied on luminance values of the ring-ribbons to extract local textural features, and the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is used to extract global textural features. Local color features of significant corner points on outer boundaries of ring-ribbons are extracted through color vector angles (CVA), and color low-order moments (CLMs) is utilized to extract global color features. Finally, two types of feature vectors are fused via canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to prodcue the final hash after scrambling. Compared with direct concatenation, the CCA feature fusion method improves classification performance, which better reflects overall correlation between two sets of feature vectors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that our scheme has satisfactory performances with respect to robustness, discrimination and security, which can be effectively used in copy detection and content authentication.