Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supraorbital eyebrow approach: A single-center experience

Background: Keyhole neurosurgery is the notion of safely removing brain and skull base lesions through smaller and more precise openings that lessen collateral damage to the surrounding scalp, brain, blood vessels, and nerves. The traditional frontal and pterional approaches require large craniotomies and this predisposes patients to significant and avoidable morbidity. With the growing expectation for minimally invasive surgery, we present our experience with the supraorbital keyhole craniotomy for surgical lesions in the anterior cranial fossa and parasellar regions. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed and evaluated all cases of neoplastic, vascular, trauma, and infective pathologies of the anterior fossa and parasellar regions treated using a keyhole approach, the supraorbital eyebrow (SOE) approach from January 2018 to June 2022. Treatment outcomes were evaluated based on pathology. Results: A total of 50 patients underwent a SOE craniotomy during the study period (28 females and 22 males). Their average age ranged from 12 to 86 years, with a mean age of 47.4 years. All patients had anterior skull base and/or anterior frontal lobe pathologies: (23 tumors, 17 ruptured aneurysms, five traumatic frontal hematomas, three extradural empyema, one cerebral cavernous malformation, and one traumatic frontal skull base fracture with dural tear and CSF leak). Gross total tumor resection was achieved in 87% of cases (13 meningiomas of which six were giant, three gliomas, two craniopharyngiomas, and two cerebral metastases). Clip ligation occlusion rate for our aneurysm cases was 100% and intraoperative rerupture was observed in three cases. Mean ICU stay was 2.2 days for the entire series. The overall 30-day mortality rate for our series was 16% (eight deaths). This was highest in the ruptured aneurysm subgroup, with all 5 mortality cases in the aneurysmal subgroup presenting as World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grades ≥ III. 4 of the deaths were in WFNS IV and V patients. The most frequent perioperative complication was transient periorbital swelling which resolved within 7 days. It was observed in 18 of the 50 patients. The next common complications in descending frequency were eyebrow alopecia (three cases), supraorbital hypoesthesia (two cases), CSF leak (two cases), and surgical site infection (one case). There was one approach-related intraoperative complication secondary to carotid injury in a giant meningioma redo case. Conversion to a larger craniotomy was never necessary. Clinical outcome for our cases was evaluated according to the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3-month postsurgery. A good clinical outcome (mRS ≤ 2) was achieved for 78% of our patients. Conclusion: The SOE approach craniotomy is an effective minimally invasive approach for various pathologies of the anterior cranial base and parasellar regions. With experience, giant tumors and complex vascular pathology can be addressed with this keyhole approach.
SMILE Downregulation during Melanogenesis Induces MITF Transcription in B16F10 Cells

SMILE (small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein) is a transcriptional corepressor that potently regulates various cellular processes such as metabolism and growth in numerous tissues. However, its regulatory role in skin tissue remains uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrated that SMILE expression markedly decreased in human melanoma biopsy specimens and was inversely correlated with that of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). During melanogenesis, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induction of MITF was mediated by a decrease in SMILE expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Mechanistically, SMILE was regulated by α-MSH/cAMP/protein kinase A signaling and suppressed MITF promoter activity via corepressing transcriptional activity of the cAMP response element-binding protein. Moreover, SMILE overexpression significantly reduced α-MSH-induced MITF and melanogenic genes, thereby inhibiting melanin production in melanocytes. Conversely, SMILE inhibition increased the transcription of melanogenic genes and melanin contents. These results indicate that SMILE is a downstream effector of cAMP-mediated signaling and is a critical factor in the regulation of melanogenic transcription; in addition, they suggest a potential role of SMILE as a corepressor in skin pigmentation.
Results of a Deep Imaging Survey of One Square Degree of the Pleiades for Low-Luminosity Cluster Members

We have obtained relatively deep imaging in two colors, with limiting magnitudes of V ~ 22.5 and Ic ~ 21, of about one square degree of the Pleiades open cluster. Our primary goal was to identify new candidate brown dwarf members of this ~100 Myr-old open cluster. In the process, we have also obtained V and Ic photometry for a large number of brighter proper-motion members of the cluster for which only photographic photometry had been available up until now. We identify six candidate objects whose locations in a V versus (V - I)c color-magnitude diagram are consistent with their being Pleiades members near or below the hydrogen-burning mass limit. We have obtained near-infrared photometry for several of these brown dwarf candidates, as well as for a selection of previously identified very low mass Pleiades members, and we use this new photometry to help determine whether the objects identified in the visual are indeed Pleiades members or not. Finally, we have obtained a moderate-resolution spectrum of one of the new brown dwarf candidates with the Keck LRIS spectrograph. The spectrum shows that the star has a spectral type of M7, which is compatible with its photometric colors, and that it has an Hα equivalent width of about 14 Å and a marginally detected lithium 6708 Å absorption equivalent width of about 0.4 Å. These spectroscopic characteristics suggest that this object (MHObd1) is indeed a Pleiades member with a mass at or slightly above the hydrogen-burning mass limit.
Asymptotically fast triangulation of matrices over rings

This paper considers the problems of triangularizing and diagonalizing matrices over rings, with particular emphasis on the integral case. It begins with a description of fast algorithms for the computation of Hermite and Smith normal forms of integer matrices. Then it shows how to apply fast matrix multiplication techniques to the problem of triangularizing a matrix over a ring using elementary column operations. These general results lead to an algorithm for triangularizing integer matrices that has a faster running time than the known Hermite normal form algorithms. The triangular matrix that is computed has small entries like the Hermite normal form, and will suffice for many applications.
Epidemiology and Economic Outcomes Associated with Timely versus Delayed Receipt of Appropriate Antibiotic Therapy among US Patients Hospitalized for Native Septic Arthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Timely administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy is associated with better patient outcomes and lower costs of care compared to delayed appropriate therapy, yet initial treatment is often empiric since causal pathogens are typically unknown upon presentation. The challenge for clinicians is balancing selection of adequate coverage treatment regimens, adherence to antimicrobial stewardship principles to deter resistance, and financial constraints. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the magnitude and impact of delayed appropriate antibiotic therapy among patients hospitalized with septic arthritis (SA) in the U.S. from 2017 to 2019 using healthcare encounter data. Timely appropriate therapy was defined as the receipt of antibiotic(s) with in vitro activity against identified pathogens within two days of admission; all other patients were assumed to have received delayed appropriate therapy. Of the 517 patients admitted to hospital for SA who met all selection criteria, 26 (5.0%) received delayed appropriate therapy. In inverse-probability-treatment-weighting-adjusted analyses, the receipt of delayed appropriate therapy was associated with an additional 1.1 days of antibiotic therapy, 1.4 days in length of stay, and $3531 in hospital costs (all vs. timely appropriate therapy; all p ≤ 0.02). Timely appropriate therapy was associated with a twofold increased likelihood of antibiotic de-escalation during the SA admission.
A numerical and experimental study on the effect of the orifice angle of vortex tube in vortex spinning machine

In order to study the effect of orifice angle of vortex tube on yarn forming in jet vortex spinning, eight levels of nozzle angle are designed, from 40° to 65°, and the corresponding three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are established to conduct the numerical simulation of the airflow in the nozzle. Through the analysis of numerical simulation, the pressure and velocity distribution are made clear which provides reference for the future design of the vortex tube. Simulation results show that when the orifice angle is around 50°, the airflow state within the nozzle has a large negative pressure with appropriate axial and tangential velocity, which is conducive to the formation of the open ends of fibers and twisting, and the yarn quality is better. Spinning experiment results prove that single yarn strength is the maximum, the irregularity of single yarn strength is the minimum, and other yarn properties are superior with the orifice angle at 50°, which shows a good agreement with the simulation results.
Independent Predictors of Mortality in COVID-19 Myocardial Injury: The Role of Troponin Levels, GRACE Score, SOFA Score, and TIMI Score

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with troponin elevation, which is associated with increased mortality. However, it is not clear if troponin elevation is independently linked to increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. Although there is considerable literature on risk factors for mortality in COVID-19-associated myocardial injury, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores have not been studied in COVID-19-related myocardial injury. This data is important in risk-stratifying COVID-19 myocardial injury patients. Methodology Of the 1,500 COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospitals, 217 patients who had troponin levels measured were included. Key variables were collected manually, and univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis was done to determine the predictors of mortality in COVID-19-associated myocardial injury. The differences in clinical profiles and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without troponin elevation were compared. Results Mortality was 26.5% in the normal troponin group and 54.6% in the elevated troponin group. Patients with elevated troponins had increased frequency of hypotension (p = 0.01), oxygen support (p < 0.01), low absolute lymphocyte (p < 0.01), elevated blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.01), higher C-reactive protein (p < 0.01), higher D-dimer (p < 0.01), higher lactic acid (p < 0.01), and higher Quick SOFA (qSOFA), SOFA, TIMI, and GRACE (all scores p < 0.01). On univariate cox regression, troponin elevation (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-2.88, p < 0.01), TIMI score >3 (HRv = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.11-2.75, p = 0.01), and GRACE score >140 (HR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.45-3.55, p < 0.01) were highly associated with mortality, whereas cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 0.89-2.21, p = 0.129) and cardiovascular risk factors (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.73-1.81, p = 0.52) were not. After adjusting for age, use of a non-rebreather or high-flow nasal cannula, hemoglobin <8.5 g/dL, suspected or confirmed source of infection, and qSOFA and SOFA scores (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07-1.29, p < 0.01) were independently associated with mortality, whereas troponin (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.63-1.85, p = 0.76), TIMI score (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.99-1.06, p = 0.12) and GRACE scores (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99-1.02, p = 0.10) were not associated with mortality. Conclusions Our study shows that troponin, GRACE score, and TIMI score are not independent predictors of mortality in COVID-19 myocardial injury. This may be because troponin elevation in COVID-19 patients may be related to demand ischemia rather than acute coronary syndrome-related. This was shown by the association of troponin with a higher degree of systemic inflammation and end-organ dysfunction. Therefore, we recommend SOFA scores in risk-stratifying COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury.
Powder Bed Defects Classification: An Industry Perspective

The manufacture of defect-free parts has been a key discussion topic with the widespread adoption of additive manufacturing by industry. While significant research has been performed on the detection of powder bed defects, the focus has been on the classification of the defects according to defect type. However, when looking at creating a closed loop feedback system, it is important for the machine to make autonomous decisions regarding defects. The focus of this paper will be to create a defect severity classification matrix based on industry partner experience as well as published literature that can be used to autonomously classify defects
Metabolites Identification and Mechanism Prediction of Neobavaisoflavone In Vitro and In Vivo of Rats through UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS Integrated Network Pharmacology

Neobavaisoflavone is an important isoflavone component isolated from Psoraleae Fructus. It is used extensively worldwide because of its antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-osteoporotic activities. However, there is no systematic and comprehensive research on the metabolism of neobavaisoflavone in vivo and in vitro. The study aimed to analyze the metabolic characteristics and mechanism of neobavaisoflavone for the first time. Firstly, biological samples were pretreated by the solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, methanol precipitation, and acetonitrile precipitation. Secondly, the samples were analyzed on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS. Thirdly, metabolites were tentatively identified based on retention time, parallel reaction monitoring strategy, diagnostic product ions, and neutral loss fragments. A total of 72 metabolites of neobavaisoflavone were tentatively identified, including 28 in plasma, 43 in urine, 18 in feces, six in the liver, and four in the liver microsome. The results suggested that neobavaisoflavone mainly underwent glucuronidation, sulfation, hydroxylation, methylation, cyclization, hydration, and their composite reactions in vivo and in vitro. In addition, nine active components with high bioavailability and 191 corresponding targets were predicted by the Swiss Drug Design database. The 1806 items of GO and 183 KEGG signaling pathways were enriched. These results showed that metabolites expanded the potential effects of neobavaisoflavone. The present study would provide the scientific basis for the further exploitation and application of neobavaisoflavone.
Reliability of strain-balanced Ga0.331In0.669As∕Al0.659In0.341As∕InP quantum-cascade lasers under continuous-wave room-temperature operation

The reliability of high power strain-balanced Ga0.331In0. 669As∕Al0.659In0. 341As∕InP intersubband quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting at a wavelength of 4. 6μm has been studied. Constant current aging is reported for two randomly selected high-reflectivity-coated QCLs with an output power over 100mW. QCLs are tested under continuous-wave operation at a heat sink temperature of 298K(25°C) corresponding to an internal temperature of 378K (105°C). Over 4000h of continuous testing is reported without any decrease in output power.
A Global View of Swell and Wind Sea Climate in the Ocean by Satellite Altimeter and Scatterometer

Abstract Numerous case reports and regional studies on swell and wind sea events have been documented during the past century. The global picture of these common oceanic phenomena, however, is still incomplete in many aspects. This paper presents a feasibility study of using collocated wind speed and significant wave height measurements from simultaneous satellite scatterometer and altimeter sources to observe the spatial and seasonal pattern of dominant swell and wind wave zones in the world's oceans. Two energy-related normalized indices are proposed, on the basis of which global statistics of swell/wind sea probabilities and intensities are obtained. It is found that three well-defined tongue-shaped zones of swell dominance, termed “swell pools,” are located in the eastern tropical areas of the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian Oceans, respectively. Regions of intensive wave growth are observed in the northwest Pacific, the northwest Atlantic, the Southern Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea. Seasonal.
Emergence and initial growth of açaí palm under different light levels after seed dormancy breaking treatments

Light availability and dormancy are two factors that interfere with germination and initial plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different pre-germination treatments on the emergence and initial growth of Euterpe oleracea Mart. seedlings subjected to different levels of luminosity. A completely randomized design was adopted in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme with four methods of overcoming dormancy (intact seed, hot water at 60 °C, soaking for 24 h in water, and mechanical scarification with sandpaper No. 100) and three levels of luminosity (25 %, 65 %, and 100 %) with 16 repetitions per treatment. The emergence percentage, speed index, and mean time were analyzed. The initial growth was evaluated using the following variables: plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, leaf area, and root mass ratio. There was an interaction between light factors and dormancy breakage for plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area. The variables root dry mass, shoot dry mass, and root mass ratio showed better results with full sun. It was concluded that shade treatments provided greater initial growth for the açaí palm with intact seeds.
Crystallographically uniform arrays of ordered (In)GaN nanocolumns

In this work, through a comparative study of self-assembled (SA) and selective area grown (SAG) (In)GaN nanocolumn (NC) ensembles, we first give a detailed insight into improved crystallographic uniformity (homogeneity of crystallographic tilts and twists) of the latter ones. The study, performed making use of: reflective high energy electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, reveals that unlike their SA counterparts, the ensembles of SAG NCs show single epitaxial relationship to both sapphire(0001) and Si(111) underlying substrates. In the second part of the article, making use of X-ray diffraction, we directly show that the selective area growth leads to improved compositional uniformity of InGaN NC ensembles. This further leads to improved spectral purity of their luminescence, as confirmed by comparative macro-photoluminescence measurements performed on SA and SAG InGaN NC ensembles. An improved crystallographic uniformity of NC ensembles facilitates their integration into optoelectronic devices, whereas their improved compositional uniformity allows for their employment in single-color optoelectronic applications.
MX 1313+29 - A compact source of very low energy X-rays in Coma Berenices

A compact X-ray source near the North Galactic pole has been detected with the low-energy X-ray telescope aboard the SAS-3 satellite. The position is $alpha$(1950.0) =13/sup h/14.0/sup m/ +- 0.5/sup m/, $delta$(1950.0) =+29$sup 0$ 15'+-18'. The spectral temperature of the source is less than 10$sup 6$ K, and the energy flux at the Earth is 3x10$sup -10$ ergs cm$sup -2$ s$sup -1$ above 0.1 keV. The flux appeared to be constant both on short time scales (10--1000 s), and over the interval from the first SAS-3 observation (1975 June 12) to the latest (1975 July 15). The possible identification of this source with the hot white dwarf HZ 43 is discussed. (AIP)
A Single-cell Atlas Identifies Pretreatment Features of Primary Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Primary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is a significant barrier to optimal outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia, but little is known about the factors contributing to response heterogeneity. Using scRNA-sequencing, we identified eight statistically significant features in pretreatment bone marrow mononuclear cells which correlated with either sensitivity (major molecular response or MMR) or extreme resistance to imatinib (eventual blast crisis transformation). Employing machine-learning, we also identified LSC and NK gene expression profiles predicting imatinib response with >80% accuracy, including zero false positives for predicting BC. A canonical erythroid-specifying (TAL1/KLF1/GATA1) regulon was a hallmark of LSCs from patients with MMR and was associated with erythroid progenitor (ERP) expansion in vivo (p<0.05), and a marked 2-10-fold (6.3-fold in Group A vs 1.09-fold in Group C) erythroid over myeloid bias in vitro. Notably, ERPs demonstrated exquisite TKI sensitivity compared to myeloid progenitors (p<0.001). These LSC features were lost with progressive resistance, and in patients who transformed, MYC- and IRF1-driven inflammatory regulons became evident. Patients with MMR also exhibited a 56-fold expansion (p<0.01) of a normally rare subset of hyperfunctional adaptive-like NK cells (CD57+NKG2C+) which diminished with progressive resistance, while patients destined for BC accumulated inhibitory NKG2A+ NK cells favoring NK cell tolerance (through HLA-E binding on target cells). Finally, we developed a parsimonious set of antibodies to validate our scRNA-seq findings. This panel will be useful in prospective studies of primary resistance, and assessing the contribution of predetermined versus acquired factors in TKI response heterogeneity.
Energy band-alignment of a multimetal-layer gated metal-oxide-semiconductor structure

The energy band-alignment of a multimetal-layer gated metal-oxide-semiconductor structure is investigated. An analytical expression for the Fermi level of the metal stack is derived. It is shown that the thin metal layer contacting the gate dielectric plays a critical role in determining the work function of the whole metal stack, in agreement with experimental results.