Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sociocultural influences on alcohol expectancies in early adolescence: Findings from the ABCD study.

OBJECTIVE Alcohol expectancies (AE) during early adolescence predict early alcohol use initiation and problem drinking both cross-sectionally and prospectively well into adulthood. Yet, our understanding of the sociocultural factors associated with AE during this development period remains limited. This study examines associations between AE and sociocultural factors across various domains (i.e., individual, family, peer, school, community, and culture) in a demographically diverse sample of 10- to 14-year-old youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study). METHOD This cross-sectional study used 2-year follow-up data from the ABCD Release 3.0 for N = 5,322 early adolescents (Mage = 12 years [SD = 0.6]; 47% male). Approximately 60% identified as non-Hispanic/Latinx White, 17% as Hispanic/Latinx, 11% as non-Hispanic/Latinx Black, 2% as non-Hispanic/Latinx Asian, and 11% as mixed/other race-ethnicity. Separate models for positive and negative AE outcomes were conducted using linear mixed-effect models while controlling for demographic covariates. RESULTS Positive AE were most strongly associated with familism, followed by other peer, school, community, and cultural level factors. Negative AE were most strongly associated with the peer-level factor of relational victimization and the individual-level factor of negative life events, followed by other peer, school, and community-level factors. CONCLUSION The present findings reveal the potential constellation of sociocultural factors that may serve as targets for modifying AE during the middle school years. Study results also underscore the need for future research that integrates cultural factors into our understanding of alcohol use risk and resilience during early adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Centralizing Mappings of Semiprime Rings

Abstract Let R be a ring with center Z, and S a nonempty subset of R. A mapping F from R to R is called centralizing on S if [x, F(x)] ∊ Z for all x ∊ S. We show that a semiprime ring R must have a nontrivial central ideal if it admits an appropriate endomorphism or derivation which is centralizing on some nontrivial one-sided ideal. Under similar hypotheses, we prove commutativity in prime rings.
Competing with the Sharing Economy: Incumbents’ Reaction on Review Manipulation

The emergence of the sharing economy has provided the market with an untapped wealth of supplies, posing a threat to incumbents. In response to competition from the sharing economy, incumbents must adjust their competitive strategies. In this paper, we focus our investigation on a nascent competitive strategy—consumer opinion manipulation—in the lodging sector of the hospitality industry. We examine two types of opinion manipulations through online reviews: promoting oneself and demoting one’s competitors. Combining data from Airbnb, Expedia, TripAdvisor, AirDNA, the Texas Comptroller’s Office, and Smith Travel Research, we estimate the impact of a new sharing economy entrant, Airbnb, on conventional hotels’ manipulation strategies by exploring the supply variation of the competing Airbnb listings around each hotel. We find that, intriguingly, hotels tend to reduce mutual demotion when facing the common “enemy” of Airbnb competition. However, there is considerable heterogeneity among hotels in response to Airbnb competition. Low-end hotels tend to not increase their review manipulation activities for purposes of either self-promotion or demotion, while high-end hotels tend to demote competing hotels less and promote themselves more in the presence of higher levels of Airbnb competition.
PESANTREN DAN PEMBARUAN: ARAH DAN IMPLIKASI

Pesantren adalah salah satu lembaga pendidikan tertua di Indonesia dan didirikan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Islam. Doktrin-doktrin Islam yang dipelajari dan disebarkan pesantren pada akhirnya tertanam kuat dalam budaya Islam Indonesia. Tanpa pesantren, tidak mungkin untuk mempromosikan penghormatan terhadap tradisi budaya Islam. Pesantren diharapkan bisa berkembang menjadi pusat kebudayaan dan peradaban Islam di Indonesia. Dalam hal ini, Pertama, Kiai merupakan elemen utama dari pesantren, mengajarkan prinsip-prinsip keagamaan sehingga dapat menekankan strategi khasnya untuk menerapkan ajaran Islam; kedua adalah santri, yang sangat penting di pesantren karena menunjukkan seberapa jauh pendidikan Islam telah datang dan seberapa baik diajarkan; ketiga adalah Masjid, yang berfungsi sebagai tempat shalat dan pengajaran agama. Hal ini membutuhkan ruang khusus, yang kompleksitasnya bervariasi sesuai dengan misi pesantren. keempat adalah Madrasah, yaitu tempat berlangsungnya proses belajar mengajar; terakhir kelima adalah tempat tinggal, yang disebut asrama atau pondok; dan lima hal ini semuanya diperlukan
Microwave lensing frequency shift of the PHARAO laser-cooled microgravity atomic clock

We evaluate the microwave lensing frequency shift of the microgravity laser-cooled caesium clock PHARAO. We find microwave lensing frequency shifts of δν/ν = 11 × 10−17 to 13 × 10−17, larger than the shift of typical fountain clocks. The shift has a weak dependence on PHARAO parameters, including the atomic temperature, size of the atomic cloud, detection laser intensities, and the launch velocity. We also find the lensing frequency shift to be insensitive to selection and detection spatial inhomogeneities and the expected low-frequency vibrations. We conservatively assign a nominal microwave lensing frequency uncertainty of ±4 × 10−17.
Specific Features of Focal Cortical Dysplasia in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex present with cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric impairments, such as intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, and drug-resistant epilepsy. It has been shown that these disorders are associated with the presence of cortical tubers. Tuberous sclerosis complex results from inactivating mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, resulting in hyperactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway, which regulates cell growth, proliferation, survival, and autophagy. TSC1 and TSC2 are classified as tumor suppressor genes and function according to Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis, which requires both alleles to be damaged for tumor formation. However, a second-hit mutation is a rare event in cortical tubers. This suggests that the molecular mechanism of cortical tuber formation may be more complicated and requires further research. This review highlights the issues of molecular genetics and genotype–phenotype correlations, considers histopathological characteristics and the mechanism of morphogenesis of cortical tubers, and also presents data on the relationship between these formations and the development of neurological manifestations, as well as treatment options.
Effect of roof modification on micro-climate of animal shed

A study was conducted to compare the effect of roof modification with use of polycarbonate plastic sheet and its variable height on micro-climate of growing dairy heifers. The experiment was carried out on three sheds for three seasons, viz. hot-dry (summer) season, hot-humid (rainy) season and winter season. In control group (C), loose housing system was followed and corrugated cemented sheets were used as roofing material. In T1, polycarbonate sheets were used as roofing material with fixed height. In T2, polycarbonate sheets were used as roofing material with adjustable height. Daily ambient temperature (°C), dry and wet bulb temperature outside the shed (macro-climate) and inside the shed (micro-climate), Relative Humidity and Temperature Humidity Index were being recorded twice a day at 9.00 am and 2: 30 pm for three continuous days at fortnightly interval. The average temperature of animal shed was significantly lower in T2 (27.30±0.10), followed by T1 (28.28±0.04) and C (29.46±0.16). In T2 lower temperature of shed than control was recorded during summer. Increasing the height of shed with ridge ventilation might have helped to dissipate heat easily in T2. The overall THI was significantly lower in T2 (76.50 ± 0.16) followed by T1 (77.91 ± 0.05) and higher in control (78.74 ± 0.25), which might be due to less penetration of solar radiation via reflective polycarbonate sheet and higher height of roof in T2. The micro-environment was more conducive and comfortable in T2 than control. Polycarbonate roofing with adjusted higher height may be a desirable choice for animal housing to mitigate heat stress in summer.
Decomposing Polygons into r-stars or -boundable Subpolygons

To make computations on large data sets more efficient, algorithms will frequently divide information into smaller, more manageable, pieces. This idea, for example, forms the basis of the common algorithmic approach known as Divide and Conquer. If we wish to use this principle in planar geometric computations, however, we may require specialized techniques for decomposing our data. This is due to the fact that the data sets are typically points, lines, regions, or polygons. This motivates algorithms that can break-up polygons into simpler pieces. Algorithms that perform such computations are said to compute polygon decompositions. There are many ways that we can decompose a polygon, and there are also many types of polygons that we could decompose. Both applications and theoretical interest demand algorithms for a wide variety of decomposition problems. In this thesis we study two different polygon decomposition problems. The first problem that we study is a polygon decomposition problem that is equivalent to the Rectilinear Art Gallery problem. In this problem we seek a decomposition of a polygon into so-called r-stars. These r-stars model visibility in an orthogonal setting. We show that we can compute a certain type of decomposition, known as a Steinercover, of a simple orthogonal polygon into r-stars in polynomial time. In the second problem, we explore the complexity of decomposing polygons into components that have an upper bound on their size. In this problem, the size of a polygon refers to the size of its bounding-box. This problem is motivated by a polygon collision detection heuristic that approximates a polygon by its bounding-box to determine whether an exact collision detection computation should take place. We show that it ii is NP-complete to decide whether a polygon that contains holes can be decomposed into a specified number of size-constrained components.
Portrayal of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Targets

We are witnessing the globalization of a specific type of arteriosclerosis with rising prevalence, incidence and an overall cardiovascular disease burden. Currently, atherosclerosis increasingly affects the younger generation as compared to previous decades. While early preventive medicine has seen improvements, research advances in laboratory and clinical investigation promise to provide us with novel diagnosis tools. Given the physio-pathological complexity and epigenetic patterns of atherosclerosis and the discovery of new molecules involved, the therapeutic field of atherosclerosis has room for substantial growth. Thus, the scientific community is currently investigating the role of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a crucial component of the innate immune system in different inflammatory disorders. NLRP3 is activated by distinct factors and numerous cellular and molecular events which trigger NLRP3 inflammasome assembly with subsequent cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and pro-IL-18 pathways via caspase-1 activation, eliciting endothelial dysfunction, promotion of oxidative stress and the inflammation process of atherosclerosis. In this review, we introduce the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its role in atherosclerosis. We also emphasize its promising therapeutic pharmaceutical potential.
Fractional integral and other linear operators associated with the gaussian hypergeometric function

In this paper we investigate several interesting properties of the fractional calculus operators, the Carlson-Shaffer linear operator L(a,c) and a certain integral operator , associated with various subclasses of analytic and univalent functions. We also investigate the relationships of some of these classes with the Hardy space H ∞ (of bounded analytic functions in the open unit disk μ and with some families of multiplier transformations.
The impact of FOXP3 polymorphisms on oral cancer progression and clinicopathological characteristics

Oral cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Genetic, epigenetic, and epidemiological risk factors were suggested to be correlated with the carcinogenesis of oral cancer. In this study, we focused on the correlations of FOXP3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to oral cancer susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics. The FOXP3 SNPs rs3761547, rs3761548, rs3761549, and rs2232365 in 1053 controls and 1175 male patients with oral cancer were analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the betel quid chewer who carried the FOXP3 rs3761548 polymorphic variant “T” were significantly associated with lower risk to develop oral cancer [AOR (95% CI) = 0.649 (0.437-0.964); p = 0.032]. The betel quid chewers with genotypic variant “T” of FOXP3 rs3761548 in male oral cancer patients were associated with lower risk of cell differentiated grade [AOR (95% CI) = 0.592 (0.377-0.930); p = 0.023]. The carriers of FOXP3 rs3761548 polymorphic variant “T” in male oral cancer patients with alcohol consumption were associated with lower risk to develop greater tumor [AOR (95% CI) = 0.609 (0.378-0.983); p = 0.042] and lower risk of cell differentiated grade [AOR (95% CI) = 0.440 (0.248-0.779); p = 0.005]. In conclusion, our results have revealed that the FOXP3 rs3761548 polymorphic variant “T” was associated with lower risk of oral cancer susceptibility, greater tumor size, and cell differentiated grade among betel quid chewers. The FOXP3 rs3761548 polymorphisms may play a role as pivotal biomarkers to predict oral cancer disease development and prognosis.
Wake Instability and Frequency Selection of the von Karman Vortex Shedding.

In order to better understand the von Karman vortex shedding on the basis of the concept of absolute instability, the vortex shedding from a blunt-ended flat-plate is examined experimentally through controlling the wake development. The stability analysis is also made for the velocity distributions in the near wake region to obtain their local instability characteristics. When the vortex shedding is controlled by another flat-plate in the wake, the shedding frequency is remarkedly changed. Such change in frequency is found to be closely related to the change in the absolute instability characteristics of the wake velocity distributions immediately behind the plate base.
Simulated long-term evolution of the thermosphere during the Holocene – Part 1: Neutral density and temperature

Abstract. In the previous work of Yue et al. (2022), the ionospheric evolution during the Holocene (9455 BC to 2015 AD) was comprehensively and carefully investigated for the first time using the Global Coupled Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Electrodynamics Model developed at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (GCITEM-IGGCAS), driven by realistic geomagnetic fields, CO2 levels, and solar activity derived from ancient media records and modern measurements. In this study, we further quantify the effects of the three drivers on thermospheric neutral density and temperature variations during the Holocene. We find that the oscillations of solar activity contribute more than 80 % of the thermospheric variability, while either CO2 or the geomagnetic field contributes less than 10 %. The effect of CO2 on the global mean neutral density and temperature is comparable to that of the geomagnetic field throughout the Holocene but is more significant after 1800 AD. In addition, thermospheric density and temperature show approximately linear variations with the dipole moment of the geomagnetic field, CO2, and F10.7, with only the linear growth rate associated with the geomagnetic field varying significantly in universal time and latitude. The increasing dipole moment and CO2 cool and contract the thermosphere, while solar activity has the opposite effect. The higher the altitude, the greater the influence of the three factors on the thermosphere. Different factors produce different seasonal variations in thermosphere changes. Furthermore, we predict that a 400 ppm increase in CO2 will result in a 50 %–70 % and 84–114 K reduction in global mean neutral density and temperature, respectively, which should directly affect the orbit and lifetime of spacecraft and space debris.
Orthopaedic infections: what have we learned?

Summary: Orthopaedic infections remain challenging complications to treat, with profound economic impact in addition to patient morbidity. The overall estimates of infection after orthopaedic surgery with internal devices has been estimated at 5%, with hospital costs eight times that of those without fracture-related infections and with significantly poorer functional and pain interference PROMIS scores. Orthopaedic infection interventions have been focused on prevention and treatment options. The creation of new modalities for orthopaedic infection treatment can benefit from the understanding of the temporal relationship between bacterial colonization and host–cell integration, a concept referred to as “the race for the surface. ” Regarding prevention, host modulation and antibiotic powder use have been explored as viable options to lower infection rates. Orthopaedic infection treatment has additionally continued to evolve, with PO antibiotics demonstrating equivalent efficacy to IV antibiotics for the treatment of orthopaedic infections in recent studies. In conclusion, orthopaedic infections remain difficult clinical dilemmas, although evolving prevention and treatment modalities continue to emerge.
Progesterone Has No Impact on the Beneficial Effects of Estradiol Treatment in High-Fat-Fed Ovariectomized Mice

In recent decades, clinical and experimental studies have revealed that estradiol contributes enormously to glycemic homeostasis. However, the same consensus does not exist in women during menopause who undergo replacement with progesterone or conjugated estradiol and progesterone. Since most hormone replacement treatments in menopausal women are performed with estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) combined, this work aimed to investigate the effects of progesterone on energy metabolism and insulin resistance in an experimental model of menopause (ovariectomized female mice—OVX mice) fed a high-fat diet (HFD). OVX mice were treated with E2 or P4 (or both combined). OVX mice treated with E2 alone or combined with P4 displayed reduced body weight after six weeks of HFD feeding compared to OVX mice and OVX mice treated with P4 alone. These data were associated with improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in OVX mice treated with E2 (alone or combined with P4) compared to OVX and P4-treated mice. Additionally, E2 treatment (alone or combined with P4) reduced both hepatic and muscle triglyceride content compared with OVX control mice and OVX + P4 mice. There were no differences between groups regarding hepatic enzymes in plasma and inflammatory markers. Therefore, our results revealed that progesterone replacement alone does not seem to influence glucose homeostasis and ectopic lipid accumulation in OVX mice. These results will help expand knowledge about hormone replacement in postmenopausal women associated with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Decarbonizing the Residential Sector: How Prominent is Household Energy-Saving Behavior in Decision Making?

In addition to scrutinizing the decision process behind energy efficiency investment, this study investigates its association with energy-saving behavior. Its conceptual underpinnings are based on the intersection of behavioral change and “energy efficiency paradox” theories. Based upon a rich, disaggregated dataset representative of the French housing sector, it develops an energy-saving score based on the item response theory model, which considers household attributes and ability levels. Then this score is used as an independent factor of a multivariate probit model to examine the drivers of household investment decisions for various energy performance solutions. The results highlight that: (i) contextual and attitudinal attributes are two major drivers of energy efficiency investments, and (ii) depending on the energy solution considered, there is a significant inverse relationship between energy-savings behavior and energy efficiency investments. This reveals that environmental awareness is not necessarily a driving factor behind energy efficiency investments and emphasizes the so-called “rebound effect” issue. The results support the view that promoting energy-saving behaviors and energy efficiency investments necessitate differentiated public policies that consider both individual preferences and housing stock heterogeneity. The analysis offers valuable policy guidance and research agenda outlining future energy efficiency research priorities.
Convective Initiation near the Andes in Subtropical South America

AbstractSatellite radar and radiometer data indicate that subtropical South America has some of the deepest and most extreme convective storms on Earth. This study uses the full 15-yr TRMM Precipitation Radar dataset in conjunction with high-resolution simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to better understand the physical factors that control the climatology of high-impact weather in subtropical South America. The occurrence of intense storms with an extreme horizontal dimension is generally associated with lee cyclogenesis and a strengthening South American low-level jet (SALLJ) in the La Plata basin. The orography of the Andes is critical, and model sensitivity calculations removing and/or reducing various topographic features indicate the orographic control on the initiation of convection and its upscale growth into mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Reduced Andes experiments show more widespread convective initiation, weaker average storm intensity, and more rapid propagation .
FLUID BED DRYING AS UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY FOR FEASIBLE TREATMENT OF KOLUBARA LIGNITE

An overview of the current status of low-rank coal upgrading technologies is presented in the paper, particularly with respect to drying and dewatering procedures. In order to calculate the significant parameters of the moisture removal process, a model of convective coal drying in a fluid bed, based on the two-phase (bubbling) fluidization model proposed by Kunii and Levenspiel, is developed and presented. Product-specific data (intraparticle mass transfer, gas-solid moisture equilibrium) related to the particular coal variety addressed here (Kolubara lignite) are obtained through preliminary investigations. Effective thermal conductivity of the packed bed as defined by Zehner/Bauer/Schlunder is used to define heat transfer mechanisms occurring in the suspension phase of the fluid bed. A completely new set of experimental data obtained has been successfully used to validate the model additionally. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR33050 i III42010]