Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Care Operations and Nursing Interventions for Children With Cancer and Their Parents

As individuals assume more responsibility for their healthcare, nurses need to explore methods to support families’ self-care practices. The purpose of this qualitative study was to: (a) determine what self-care and dependent-care operations children and parents perform to address self-care requisites, and (b) explore nursing interventions to promote operations. Orem’s theory of self-care, theory of self-care deficit, and theory of nursing system were employed. Twenty-seven participants were interviewed about their cancer experiences. Results were that children and parents performed estimative, transitional, and productive operations to meet self-care requisites. Various nursing interventions that promoted these operations were identified. Recommendations were made for further interventions to support families.
MHF1–2/CENP-S-X performs distinct roles in centromere metabolism and genetic recombination

The histone-fold proteins Mhf1/CENP-S and Mhf2/CENP-X perform two important functions in vertebrate cells. First, they are components of the constitutive centromere-associated network, aiding kinetochore assembly and function. Second, they work with the FANCM DNA translocase to promote DNA repair. However, it has been unclear whether there is crosstalk between these roles. We show that Mhf1 and Mhf2 in fission yeast, as in vertebrates, serve a dual function, aiding DNA repair/recombination and localizing to centromeres to promote chromosome segregation. Importantly, these functions are distinct, with the former being dependent on their interaction with the FANCM orthologue Fml1 and the latter not. Together with Fml1, they play a second role in aiding chromosome segregation by processing sister chromatid junctions. However, a failure of this activity does not manifest dramatically increased levels of chromosome missegregation due to the Mus81–Eme1 endonuclease, which acts as a failsafe to resolve DNA junctions before the end of mitosis.
Using the Wikipedia Link Structure to Correct the Wikipedia Link Structure

One of the valuable features of any collaboratively constructed semantic resource (CSR) is its ability to – as a system – continuously correct itself. Wikipedia is an excellent example of such a process, with vandalism and misinformation being removed or reverted in astonishing time by a coalition of human editors and machine bots. However, some errors are harder to spot than others, a problem which can lead to persistent unchecked errors, particularly on more obscure, less viewed article pages. In this paper we discuss the problems of incorrect link targets in Wikipedia, and propose a method of automatically highlighting and correcting them using only the semantic information found in this encyclopaedia’s link structure.
An English dependency treebank à la Tesnière

During the last decade, the Computational Linguistics community has shown an increased interest in Dependency Treebanks. Several groups have developed new annotated corpora using dependency representation, while other people have proposed several automatic conversion algorithms to transform available Phrase Structure (PS) treebanks into Dependency Structure (DS) notation. Such projects typically refer to Tesniere as the father of dependency syntax, but little attempt has been made to explain how the chosen representation relates to the original work. A careful comparison reveals substantial differences: modern DS annotations discard some relevant features characterizing Tesniere’s model. This paper is presenting our attempt to go back to the roots of dependency theory, and show how it is possible to transform a PS English treebank to a DS notation that is closer to the one proposed by Tesniere, which we will refer to as TDS. We will show how this representation can incorporate all main advantages of modern DS, while avoiding well known problems concerning the choice of heads, and better representing common linguistic phenomena such as coordination.
Congestion control in vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) play an important role in future car-to-car communication systems and related applications like self-organizing traffic information systems (SOTIS), which are based on broadcast/geocast transmission schemes. Congestion control for VANETs has not been studied thoroughly so far - but this feature is extremely necessary for VANET applications and network performance. Due to the high mobility and the resulting highly dynamic network topology, congestion control needs to be performed in a decentralized and self-organized way, locally in each VANET node. This paper presents a novel concept for utility-based congestion control and packet forwarding in VANETs. The control algorithm uses an application-specific utility function and encodes the quantitative utility information in each transmitted data packet in a transparent way for all users within a local environment. A decentralized algorithm then calculates the "average utility value" of each individual node based on the utility of its data packets and assigns a share of the available data rate proportional to the relative priority. For performance evaluation, the proposed decentralized utility-based packet forwarding and congestion control (UBPFCC) is implemented on top of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. Network simulations including vehicular mobility models demonstrate that UBPFCC avoids the typical starvation of some nodes inside the network and shows a significant increase of efficiency in information dissemination and fairness.
Likelihood‐based confidence intervals for a log‐normal mean

To construct a confidence interval for the mean of a log‐normal distribution in small samples, we propose likelihood‐based approaches – the signed log‐likelihood ratio and modified signed log‐likelihood ratio methods. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation results show the advantages of the modified signed log‐likelihood ratio method over the signed log‐likelihood ratio method and other methods. In particular, the modified signed log‐likelihood ratio method produces a confidence interval with a nearly exact coverage probability and highly accurate and symmetric error probabilities even for extremely small sample sizes. We then apply the methods to two sets of real‐life data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint Optimization of Transmitter/Receiver with Multiple Transmit/Receive Antennas in Band-Limited Channels

We study the joint optimization problem of a transmitter with multiple transmit antennas and a receiver with multiple receive antennas in a narrow-band communication system. We discuss the problem of designing a pre-filter at the transmitter, a post-filter at the receiver, and a bit allocation pattern to multiple symbols in the sense of minimizing the average bit error rate. With the optimized filters and the bit allocation, we could realize high efficiency and high data rate in band-limited channels. key words: joint optimization, multiple antennas, bit alloca-
Space-efficient bounded model checking

Current algorithms for bounded model checking use SAT methods for checking satisfiability of Boolean formulae. These methods suffer from the potential memory explosion problem. Methods based on the validity of quantified Boolean formulae (QBF) allow an exponentially more succinct representation of formulae to be checked, because no "unrolling" of the transition relation is required. These methods have not been widely used, because of the lack of an efficient decision procedure for QBF. We evaluate the usage of QBF in bounded model checking (BMC), using general-purpose SAT and QBF solvers. We develop a special-purpose decision procedure for QBF used in BMC, and compare our technique with the methods using general-purpose SAT and QBF solvers on real-life industrial benchmarks.
Conservation assessment of two rare gingers (Zingiberaceae) from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India

This work reports the distribution of two rare Zingiberaceae, Globba spathulata and Hemiorchis pantlingii , in Dampa Tiger Reserve, a protected area, located in Mizoram, northeastern India. Both these species have a distribution restricted to the northeastern part of India and the adjoining countries of Bangladesh, Myanmar and northern Thailand. In this study, we enumerate the species, present their current global distribution and conduct a conservation assessment for them. The study indicates presence of rare floral species in the protected landscape, and a lack of ecological and conservation attention to the region. A conservation assessment conducted for both species, based on their existing global distribution and potential threats, identifies the species as ‘Vulnerable’.
Understanding Flood Seasonality and Its Temporal Shifts within the Contiguous United States

AbstractUnderstanding the causes of flood seasonality is critical for better flood management. This study examines the seasonality of annual maximum floods (AMF) and its changes before and after 1980 at over 250 natural catchments across the contiguous United States. Using circular statistics to define a seasonality index, the analysis focuses on the variability of the flood occurrence date. Generally, catchments with more synchronized seasonal water and energy cycles largely inherit their seasonality of AMF from that of annual maximum rainfall (AMR). In contrast, the seasonality of AMF in catchments with loosely synchronized water and energy cycles are more influenced by high antecedent storage, which is responsible for the amplification of the seasonality of AMF over that of AMR. This understanding then effectively explains a statistically significant shift of flood seasonality detected in some catchments in the recent decades. Catchments where the antecedent soil water storage has increased since 1980 .
Nasal lavage as tool for health effect assessment of photochemical air pollution

It is widely accepted that humans exposed to known concentrations of ozone under controlled conditions exhibit reversible changes that affect the large and small airways as well as the alveolar region of the lung. Among the reversible changes, the induction of inflammatory responses in the lung are of major concern. Many of the cell types found in the lining of the nasopharyngeal region are similar to cells of the tracheal and bronchial lining. Therefore, it has been suggested that the cellular responses in the nose to toxicants are likely to be similar to the lower airway at the same dose of the agent. If these pollutants are respiratory irritants, capable of causing cellular damage, effects may therefore be detected in the nasal passage. Experimental studies have shown that the inflammatory response in the nose may be predictive for the situation in the lung. In this paper we described the results of a feasibility study on the use of nasal lavage for epidemiological studies. Nasal lavages were performed in 12 volunteers, 5-7 times per volunteer during 2 months. Polymorph nuclear leukocytes (PMN's), immune mediators and markers for exudation were monitored in the nasal lavage (NAL). It was found that the procedure of the nasal lavage technique was minimally invasive, very well tolerated and no adverse side effects were observed. The leukocytes, the proteins myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were detectable in NAL of most volunteers, while tryptase IgE and IL-6 were not detectable. Exudation markers albumin, urea and uric acid were also detectable. The coefficient of variance (CV) values of the various cells and mediators varied between 13% and 137%. It was calculated that, except for the number of leukocytes and the concentration of ECP, it should be possible to detect ozone effects with a study- protocol of 6 repeated measurements among 35 children and an assumed 26% increase in cells or mediators per 100 μg O3 per m3. To measure increase in leukocytes number or in ECP concentration more children are needed. In conclusion, this pilot study has shown that it is possible to measure relevant biomarkers in NAL, and that these assays can be easily incorporated in epidemiological studies
Carbon / high-k Trench Capacitor for the 40nm DRAM Generation

Carbon is proposed as a new FEOL material with high conductivity and thermal stability for CMOS integration. Here the application of carbon-based electrodes for future DRAM cell capacitors is presented. Trench capacitors with high-k dielectrics have been realized, fulfilling the requirements for serial resistance, capacitance, leakage, reliability and temperature stability beyond the 40 nm technology node.
Evaluation of a MUSIC-based real-time sound localization of multiple sound sources in real noisy environments

With the goal of improving human-robot speech communication, the localization of multiple sound sources in the 3D-space based on the MUSIC algorithm was implemented and evaluated in a humanoid robot embedded in real noisy environments. The effects of several parameters related to the MUSIC algorithm on sound source localization and real-time performances were evaluated, for recordings in different environments. Real-time processing could be achieved by reducing the frame size to 4 ms, without degrading the sound localization performance. A method was also proposed for determination of the number of sources, which is an important parameter that influences the performance of the MUSIC algorithm. The proposed method achieved localization accuracies and insertion rates comparable with the case where the ideal number of sources is given.
Statistical Selection of Congruent Subspaces for Mining Attributed Graphs

Current mining algorithms for attributed graphs exploit dependencies between attribute information and edge structure, referred to as homophily. However, techniques fail if this assumption does not hold for the full attribute space. In multivariate spaces, some attributes have high dependency with the graph structure while others do not show any dependency. Hence, it is important to select congruent subspaces (i.e., subsets of the node attributes) showing dependencies with the graph structure. In this work, we propose a method for the statistical selection of such congruent subspaces. More specifically, we define a measure which assesses the degree of congruence between a set of attributes and the entire graph. We use it as the core of a statistical test, which congruent subspaces must pass. To illustrate its applicability to common graph mining tasks and in order to evaluate our selection scheme, we apply it to community outlier detection. Our selection of congruent subspaces enhances outlier detection by measuring outlier ness scores in selected subspaces only. Experiments on attributed graphs show that our approach outperforms traditional full space approaches and gives way to better outlier detection.
The RANAS approach to systematic behavior change

All behavior is based on processes in people’s minds. Knowledge is activated, beliefs and emotions rise to the fore, and an intention to perform a particular behavior emerges, eventually resulting in observable behavior. In other words, these processes, which we term behavioral factors, determine behavior. To change behavior effectively, these behavioral factors have to be targeted by intervention programs. The Risks, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) approach to systematic behavior change is an established method for designing and evaluating behavior change strategies that target and change the behavioral factors of a specific behavior in a specific population. In brief, it is an easily applied method for measuring behavioral factors, assessing their influence on behavior, designing tailored strategies that change behavior and measuring the effectiveness of these. Although it was originally developed to change behavior in the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) sector in developing countries, it is applicable to a range of behaviors in various settings and populations. The RANAS approach to systematic behavior change involves four phases (see figure): First, identify possible behavioral factors; second, measure the behavioral factors identified and determine those steering the behavior; third, select corresponding behavior change techniques (BCTs) and develop appropriate behavior change strategies; and fourth, implement and evaluate the behavior change strategies. In the following we briefly describe these four phases.
LSH Ensemble: Internet-Scale Domain Search

We study the problem of domain search where a domain is a set of distinct values from an unspecified universe. We use Jaccard set containment score, defined as | Q ∩ X |/| Q |, as the measure of relevance of a domain X to a query domain Q . Our choice of Jaccard set containment over Jaccard similarity as a measure of relevance makes our work particularly suitable for searching Open Data and data on the web, as Jaccard similarity is known to have poor performance over sets with large differences in their domain sizes. We demonstrate that the domains found in several real-life Open Data and web data repositories show a power-law distribution over their domain sizes. We present a new index structure, Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) Ensemble, that solves the domain search problem using set containment at Internet scale. Our index structure and search algorithm cope with the data volume and skew by means of data sketches using Minwise Hashing and domain partitioning. Our index structure does not assume a prescribed set of data values. We construct a cost model that describes the accuracy of LSH Ensemble with any given partitioning. This allows us to formulate the data partitioning for LSH Ensemble as an optimization problem. We prove that there exists an optimal partitioning for any data distribution. Furthermore, for datasets following a power-law distribution, as observed in Open Data and Web data corpora, we show that the optimal partitioning can be approximated using equi-depth, making it particularly efficient to use in practice. We evaluate our algorithm using real data (Canadian Open Data and WDC Web Tables) containing up over 262 million domains. The experiments demonstrate that our index consistently outperforms other leading alternatives in accuracy and performance. The improvements are most dramatic for data with large skew in the domain sizes. Even at 262 million domains, our index sustains query performance with under 3 seconds response time.
On the modelling of a bistable genetic switch

A bistable switch is a common motif in a genetic regulatory network. There have been relatively few in vivo measurements made of such a network. Its natural closed loop nature makes the living switch difficult to measure experimentally. Hence, not much have been reported on derivation of a model from in vivo data, which is expected to be different from the macroscopic scale in vitro measurements. We present a heuristic for modelling a naturally occurring switch from relatively few in vivo experimental data points, yielding a model suited to dynamical simulation, and give predictions of the unmeasured protein in the system
Importance of Polysynaptic Inputs and Horizontal Connectivity in the Generation of Tetanus-Induced Long-Term Potentiation in the Rat Auditory Cortex

Supragranular pyramidal neurons in the adult rat auditory cortex (AC) show marked long-term potentiation (LTP) of population spikes after tetanic white matter stimulation (TS). For determination of whether this marked LTP is specific to AC, LTP in rat AC slices was compared with LTP in slices of the visual cortex (VC). The amplitude of TS-induced LTP in AC was twice that in VC. LTP of EPSPs was also studied with perforated patch or whole-cell recording. Although the amplitude of TS-induced LTP of EPSPs in AC was larger that in VC, no cortical difference was found in LTP elicited by low-frequency stimulation paired with current injection. Neocortical LTP is dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors, and induction of LTP requires postsynaptic depolarization for removal of Mg2+blockade of NMDA receptors. The postsynaptic depolarization elicited by TS in supragranular pyramidal neurons in AC was significantly larger than that in VC. Cutting of supragranular horizontal connections resulted in a decrease in the depolarization amplitude in AC but an increase in the depolarization amplitude in VC. The cortical difference in TS-induced LTP was diminished in the slices in which horizontal connections in supragranular layers were cut. The estimated density of horizontal axon collaterals of supragranular pyramidal neurons in AC was approximately twice that in VC. These results strongly suggest that the marked polysynaptic and postsynaptic depolarization during TS and the resulting marked LTP in AC are attributed to well developed horizontal axon collaterals of supragranular pyramidal neurons in AC.
Alpinia pricei Rhizome Extracts Induce Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Squamous Carcinoma KB Cells and Suppress Tumor Growth in Nude Mice

Alpinia pricei has been shown to induce apoptosis in human squamous carcinoma (KB) cells. In this study, we report the effectiveness of the ethanol (70%) extracts of A. pricei rhizome (AP extracts) in terms of tumor regression as determined using both in vitro cell culture and in vivo athymic nude mice models of KB cells. We found that the AP extract (25–200 μg/mL) treatment decreased the proliferation of KB cells by arresting progression through the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. This cell cycle blockade was associated with reductions in cyclin A and B1, Cdc2, and Cdc25C, and increased p21/WAF1, Wee1, p53 and phospho-p53 (p-p53) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that AP extract treatment decreased metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) expression, while expression of their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were increased in KB cells. Furthermore, AP extract treatment effectively delayed tumor incidence in nude mice inoculated with KB cells and reduced the tumor burden. AP extract treatment also induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation, as detected by in situ TUNEL staining. Thus, A. pricei may possess antitumor activity in human squamous carcinoma (KB) cells.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging.

verthepast2decades,signiﬁcantadvancesinmagneticresonance imaging (MRI) techniques have opened anentirely new ﬁeld of evaluating regions of neural activitybased on focal metabolic changes. Nuclear medicine studieswithsingle-photonemissiontomographyandpositronemis-sion tomography, over many years, have shown that areas ofbrain activity have increased blood ﬂow, and the ability tomeasure increases in oxygen concentration allows detectionof these regions of activity. Correlating imaging with speciﬁcneural activity is referred to as brain mapping. The ability toobserve brain function with MRI during speciﬁc tasks andmore recently in the resting state is called functional mag-netic resonance imaging (fMRI). fMRI reveals short-term physiological changes associatedwith active brain functioning, and in this way, fMRI canidentifythedifferentpartsofthebrainwhereparticularmen-tal processes occur and can characterize the patterns of acti-vation associated with those processes. This is a dynamiccomplementary modality to the static structural informationobtainedfromconventionalMRI.fMRIhasanincreasingrolein preoperative planning with delineation of eloquent brainareas in relation to intracranial pathologies. Furthermore,fMRIhasprovidedabetterunderstandingoftheneuralbasisfor major psychiatric disorders, neurologic disorders, andsubstance abuse. Numerous functional studies have identi-ﬁedneuralprocessingdifferencesoralterationsinfunctionalconnectivity on MRI between patient groups and healthyindividuals, such as regarding Alzheimer’s disease.