Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MEG abnormalities highlight mechanisms of surgical failure in neocortical epilepsy

Neocortical epilepsy surgery fails to achieve post-operative seizure freedom in 30-40% of cases. It is not fully understood why surgical interventions in some patients are unsuccessful. Comparing interictal MEG bandpower from patient data to normative maps, which describe healthy spatial and population variability, we identify patient specific abnormalities relating to surgical failure. Here we propose three possible mechanisms that could contribute to a poor surgical outcome; 1) failure to resect the epileptogenic abnormalities (mislocalisation), 2) failing to remove all of the epileptogenic abnormalities (partial resection), and 3) insufficiently impacting the overall cortical abnormality. In this study we develop markers of these mechanisms, validating them against patient outcomes. Resting-state eyes-closed MEG recordings were acquired for 70 healthy controls and 32 patients with refractory neocortical epilepsy. Relative band power spatial maps for five frequency bands were computed using source localised recordings from healthy controls. Patient and region-specific bandpower abnormalities were estimated as the maximum absolute z-score across all five frequency bands using healthy data as a baseline. Resected regions were identified using postoperative T1w MRI. We hypothesised that our mechanistically interpretable markers would discriminate patients with and without post-operative seizure freedom (ILAE 1 vs ILAE 2+). targeted: AUC=0.80, p=0.003, Partial resection of the epileptogenic zone: AUC=0.68, p=0.053, Insufficient cortical abnormality impact: AUC=0.64, p=0.096), performing as well as commonly collected clinical demographics. Leveraging all mechanisms together found that 95% of those who were not seizure free had markers of surgical failure for at least one of the three proposed mechanisms. In contrast, of those patients without markers for any mechanism, 80% were ultimately seizure-free post-surgically.
Estimates for the nonlinear viscoelastic damped wave equation on compact Lie groups

<jats:p>Let <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$G$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="S0308210523000380_inline1. png" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> be a compact Lie group. In this article, we investigate the Cauchy problem for a nonlinear wave equation with the viscoelastic damping on <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$G$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="S0308210523000380_inline2. png" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>. More precisely, we investigate some <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$L^2$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="S0308210523000380_inline3. png" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>-estimates for the solution to the homogeneous nonlinear viscoelastic damped wave equation on <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$G$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="S0308210523000380_inline4. png" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> utilizing the group Fourier transform on <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$G$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="S0308210523000380_inline5. png" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>. We also prove that there is no improvement of any decay rate for the norm <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$\|u(t,\,\cdot )\|_{L^2(G)}$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="S0308210523000380_inline6. png" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> by further assuming the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$L^1(G)$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="S0308210523000380_inline7. png" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>-regularity of initial data. Finally, using the noncommutative Fourier analysis on compact Lie groups, we prove a local in time existence result in the energy space <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$\mathcal {C}^1([0,\,T],\,H^1_{\mathcal {L}}(G)). $</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="S0308210523000380_inline8. png" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula></jats:p>
High Voltage Phenomena in Rarefied Air: A DIY Approach

The present experiment aims to recreate and analyze known behavior of high-voltage gaps in a near vacuum with low-cost equipment. It has been previously observed that the application of high voltages in rarified gas results in electrical breakdown and corona discharge, characterized by the production of observable plasma in the experimental area. The current study aims to identify and document a do-it-yourself (DIY) method for producing and containing electrical discharge. Further, the requirements of electrical phenomena were recorded in terms of voltage and pressure to be compared to previous models, namely Paschen’s Law, as a measure of accuracy (Berzak et al., 2006). The operating experimental apparatus was demonstrated to exhibit the same discharge phenomena as previously recorded (Peek, 1929). New models for voltage and pressure requirements for electrical breakdown and corona discharge were produced. Literature comparison was available for the voltage model of electrical breakdown, where significant difference was identified between Paschen’s model and current data. The present study may contribute further evidence to the inadequacy of Paschen’s law in describing breakdown voltages at high pressure-distance configurations.
The geometry of genericity in mapping class groups and Teichm\"uller spaces via CAT(0) cube complexes

Random walks on spaces with hyperbolic properties tend to sublinearly track geodesic rays which point in certain hyperbolic-like directions. Qing-Rafi-Tiozzo recently introduced the sublinearly Morse boundary and proved that this boundary is a quasi-isometry invariant which captures a notion of generic direction in a broad context. In this article, we develop the geometric foundations of sublinear Morseness in the mapping class group and Teichmüller space. We prove that their sublinearly Morse boundaries are visibility spaces and admit continuous equivariant injections into the boundary of the curve graph. Moreover, we completely characterize sublinear Morseness in terms of the hierarchical structures of these spaces. Our techniques include developing tools for modeling the hulls of median rays in hierarchically hyperbolic spaces via CAT(0) cube complexes. Part of this analysis involves establishing direct connections between the geometry of the curve graph and the combinatorics of hyperplanes in the approximating cube complexes.
Instance Selection Mechanisms for Human-in-the-Loop Systems in Few-Shot Learning

Business analytics and machine learning have become essential success factors for various industries - with the downside of cost-intensive gathering and labeling of data. Few-shot learning addresses this challenge and reduces data gathering and labeling costs by learning novel classes with very few labeled data. In this paper, we design a human-in-the-loop (HITL) system for few-shot learning and analyze an extensive range of mechanisms that can be used to acquire human expert knowledge for instances that have an uncertain prediction outcome. We show that the acquisition of human expert knowledge significantly accelerates the few-shot model performance given a negligible labeling effort. We validate our findings in various experiments on a benchmark dataset in computer vision and real-world datasets. We further demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of HITL systems for few-shot learning. Overall, our work aims at supporting researchers and practitioners in effectively adapting machine learning models to novel classes at reduced costs.
Globally stable blowup profile for supercritical wave maps in all dimensions

We consider wave maps from the $(1+d)$-dimensional Minkowski space into the $d$-sphere. It is known from the work of Bizo\'n and Biernat \cite{BizBie15} that in the energy-supercritical case, i.e., for $d \geq 3$, this model admits a closed-form corotational self-similar blowup solution. We show that this blowup profile is globally nonlinearly stable for all $d \geq 3$, thereby verifying a perturbative version of the conjecture posed in \cite{BizBie15} about the generic large data blowup behavior for this model. To accomplish this, we develop a novel stability analysis approach based on similarity variables posed on the whole space $\mathbb{R}^d$. As a result, we draw a general road map for studying spatially global stability of self-similar blowup profiles for nonlinear wave equations in the radial case for arbitrary dimension $d \geq 3$.
Minimal utilization rate for railway maintenance windows: a cost-benefit approach

Methods for economic assessment are often used in the rail sector to evaluate large infrastructure investments such as new high-speed lines. With larger networks and ageing infrastructure, these methods can also be used for planning maintenance. In this paper, we focus on the newly introduced concept of maintenance windows in Sweden. These are pre-allocated slots in the train timetable dedicated to performing, among others, periodic/frequent maintenance activities. To justify the pre-allocation of such windows, this study presents a method to find minimal utilization rates depending on window designs and traffic situations. Using a cost-benefit approach, the windows are assessed using a total social cost including work costs, loss in traffic production and reliability gains in future traffic. Based on a case study from the Southern main line in Sweden, we study the minimal utilization rate in different test scenarios, i.e., night or day shifts, asset degradation functions and designs of maintenance windows. The results show that lower utilization rates (4-42%) can be accepted during low-volume traffic or for partial closures, while higher utilization rates (47-83%) are required for full closures during high-volume traffic. Whether the rates are measured as the share of used window time or the share of utilized windows is less important, especially when higher utilization is required. Sensitivity analyses of asset knowledge indicate that parameters such as asset degradation function and minimum asset quality (and to a lesser extent traffic volume, discount rate and failure likelihood) can have a substantial effect on the minimum required utilization rates.
Pakistan Neurological Pakistan of Neurological Sciences Sciences Factors affecting treatment compliance in psychiatric setting Factors affecting treatment compliance in psychiatric setting

BACKGROUND Compliance with the medication has a direct relation to the outcome of patients under treatment. Various factors influence the compliance to treatment which includes a financial situation, age at onset, employment, the stigma of illness, relationship with a therapist, the severity of illness, access to treatment and side effects of medication. However socio-economic status is an important factor associated with the treatment compliance of people with psychiatric illness. The objective of the study was to find out the various factors that contribute to treatment with noncompliance among patients suffering from psychiatric disorders. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Compliance with the medication has a direct relation to the outcome of patients under treatment. Various factors influence the compliance to treatment which includes a financial situation, age at onset, employment, the stigma of illness, relationship with a therapist, the severity of illness, access to treatment and side effects of medication. However socio-economic status is an important factor associated with the treatment compliance of people with psychiatric illness. The objective of the study was to find out the various factors that contribute to treatment with non-compliance among patients suffering from psychiatric disorders. A cross-sectional retrospective study based on data from the Hospital Management System(HMS) of Karwan e Hayat. METHOD The data of admitted & OPD patients suffering from severe mental illness was retrieved from Hospital Management System(HMS) Karwan e Hayat from Jan 2004 to April 2016 and was evaluated through Medication Compliance Scale for treatment compliance. Then using SPSS the association of treatment compliance was assessed in relation to different demographic factors including gender, socio-economic status, and education. The Medication Compliance Scale reveals that 57.1% male and 47.5% female were adherent to treatment. The association between age and treatment compliance was statistically significant (p=0.00). Patients with no formal education were at higher risk of being non-adherent as compared to more educated patients (P=0.00). There were no relationship found between treatment adherence and socioeconomic status in this study. and age are the major factors that contributed to therapeutic non-compliance in a psychiatric setting.
EXPERIMENTS ON BED FORM GENERATION BY WAVE ACTION

Experiments to determine the length, height and steepness of bed forms generated by wave action have been conducted in a laboratory wave flume and an oscillating water tunnel. The effects of a wide range of oscillatory flows were examined on polystyrene (specific gravity 1.05, diameter 1.54 mms), bakelite (specific gravity 1.60, diameter 0.52 mms), bakelite (specific gravity 1.51, diameter 0.67 mms) and sand (specific gravity 2.68, diameter 0.36 mms). From the results of the experiments design curves were plotted which make it possible to predict the length and height of bed form that will develop on any specified sediment bed for given conditions of fluid oscillation.
Affect enhances object-background associations: Evidence from behavior and mathematical modeling

27 In recognition memory paradigms, emotional details are often recognized better than neutral 28 ones, but at the cost of memory for peripheral details. We previously provided evidence that, 29 when peripheral details must be recalled using central details as cues, peripheral details from 30 emotional scenes are at least as likely to be recalled as those from neutral scenes. Here we 31 replicated and explicated this result by implementing a mathematical modeling approach to 32 disambiguate the influence of target type, scene emotionality, scene valence, and their 33 interactions. After incidentally encoding scenes that included neutral backgrounds with a 34 positive, negative, or neutral foreground objects, participants showed equal or better cued recall 35 of components from emotional scenes compared to neutral scenes. There was no evidence of 36 emotion-based impairment in cued recall in either of two experiments, including one in which 37 we replicated the emotion-induced memory trade-off in recognition. Mathematical model fits 38 indicated that the emotionality of the encoded scene was the primary driver of improved cued- 39 recall performance. Thus, even when emotion impairs recognition of peripheral components of 40 scenes, it can preserve the ability to recall which scene components were studied together. 41 42 43 Eight model variants were used to compare the relative contributions of main effects of emotionality (model parameter: E ), valence ( V ), and target type ( T ), as well as their interactions ( Ei , Vi ), to cued-recall performance. Interaction terms were only considered when the relevant main effects were also included.
Framework for COVID-19 segmentation and classi ﬁ cation based on deep learning of computed tomography lung images Journal of Electronic Science and Technology

has more 6.3 million Increased attempts have been made to develop deep learning methods to diagnose COVID-19 based on computed tomog- raphy (CT) lung images. It is a challenge to reproduce and obtain the CT lung data, because it is not publicly available. This paper introduces a new generalized framework to segment and classify CT images and determine whether a patient is tested positive or negative for COVID-19 based on lung CT images. In this work, many different strategies are explored for the classi ﬁ cation task. ResNet50 and VGG16 models are applied to classify CT lung images into COVID-19 positive or negative. Also, VGG16 and ReNet50 combined with U-Net, which is one of the most used archi- tectures in deep learning for image segmentation, are employed to segment CT lung images before the classifying process to increase system performance. Moreover, the image size dependent normalization technique (ISDNT) and Wiener ﬁ lter are utilized as the preprocessing techniques to enhance images and noise suppression. Additionally, transfer learning and data augmentation techniques are performed to solve the problem of COVID-19 CT lung images de ﬁ ciency, therefore the over- ﬁ tting of deep models can be avoided. The proposed frameworks which compromise of, end-to-end, VGG16, ResNet50, and U-Net with VGG16 or ResNet50, are applied on the dataset which is sourced from COVID-19 lung CT images in Kaggle. The classi ﬁ cation results show that using the preprocessed CT lung images as the input for U-Net hybrid with ResNet50 achieve the best performance. The proposed classi ﬁ cation model achieves 98.98% accuracy (ACC), 98.87% area under the ROC curve (AUC), 98.89% sensitivity (Se), 97.99% precision (Pr), 97.88% F 1 score, and 1.8974-second computational time.
Randomised Controlled Study Comparing Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV) and Synchronised Intermittent Mode of Ventilation (SIMV) with Respect to Weaning

Aim: ASV is a closed-loop ventilation mode that can act both as pressure support ventilation and pressure-controlled ventilation. The aim of the present randomised controlled study was to compare ASV mode with SIMV in ICU (Intensive Care Unit) patients with respect to weaning on the following parameters: time from readiness to wean to extubation with total numbers of ventilation days and ICU stay. Methods: 40 patients, who were on intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), were included in this study, randomly, 20 patients were weaned by ASV mode group A, and 20 patients were weaned by conventional weaning (SIMV) group B (control group). Result: We found that the patients who were on adaptive support ventilation (group A) had higher P/F ratio and better oxygenation than synchronised intermittent mode of ventilation during the period of weaning. Mean time duration of weaning upto extubation and length of stay in the ICU was shorter with ASV than SIMV mode but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study suggest that ASV can be a useful alternative to conventional mode of ventilation for weaning from mechanical ventilation with advantage of better oxygenation and P/F ratio.
Thermotolerance and heat acclimation 1 Title: Thermotolerance and heat acclimation may share a common mechanism in humans Running Head: Thermotolerance and heat acclimation Authors:

Thermotolerance and heat acclimation are key adaptation processes that have been hitherto viewed as separate phenomena. Here we provide evidence that these processes may share a common basis, as both may potentially be governed by the heat shock response. We evaluated the effects of a heat shock response-inhibitor (QUERCETIN;2000mg/d) on established markers of thermotolerance[gastrointestinal barrier permeability, plasma TNF- α , IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations; leukocyte HSP70 content(HSP70)] and heat acclimation[reduced body temperatures, heart rate, and physiologic strain during exercise/heat stress] in male subjects(n=8) completing a 7-day heat acclimation protocol. These same subjects completed an identical protocol under placebo supplementation (PLACEBO). Gastrointestinal barrier permeability and TNF- α were increased on the 1 st day of exercise/heat stress in QUERCETIN, no differences in these variables were reported in PLACEBO. Exercise HSP70 responses were increased and plasma cytokines (IL-6, IL-10) were decreased on the 7 th day of heat acclimation in PLACEBO; with concomitant reductions in exercise body temperatures, heart rate, and physiologic strain. In contrast, gastrointestinal barrier permeability remained elevated, HSP70 was not increased, and IL-6, IL-10, and exercise body temperatures were not reduced on the 7 th day of heat acclimation in QUERCETIN. While exercise heart rate and physiologic strain were reduced in QUERCETIN, this occurred later in exercise than with PLACEBO. Consistent with the concept that thermotolerance and heat acclimation are related through the heat shock response, repeated exercise/heat stress increases cytoprotective HSP70 and reduces circulating cytokines, contributing to reductions in cellular and systemic markers of heat strain. Exercising under a heat shock response-inhibitor prevents both cellular and systemic heat adaptations.
The Changing Bias of Project Management Research: A Consideration of the Literatures and an Application of Extant Theory

This paper addresses two important current trends in project management research: the first relating to the changing emphasis of project-based research output, and the second relating to the development of a theory of project management. The first aspect is driven by evidence of a move from process-based research toward the interactions between people and projects. The second involves the alignment of certain aspects of the management of projects with more established theoretical domains. This paper applies a theoretical lens to some elements of the management of project-based work, in order to embed it within more robust theoretical imperatives.
Efficacy of Laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing of simple renal cyst in comparison with open surgery

Objective: to evaluate efficacy and safety of laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing in comparison with open deroofed cases. Patients and methods: over period of 3 years , 11 patients with symptomatic simple renal cysts , underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing and another 15 patients with same symptoms, underwent open deroofing.Results: Insignificant difference between both procedures regarding operative time, blood loss, recurrence rate, with better results for laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing regarding hospital staying, convalescence period and wound complication.Conclusion: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing of simple renal cyst is safe and effective procedure with minimal complication in comparing with open one.
SEASONAL VARIATION IN WATER QUALITY OF LOWER SINDH, PAKISTAN

A comparative study on water quality has been carried out in pre- monsoon and post -monsoon seasons of district Thatta, lower Sindh. The water samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and microbiological parameters by the methods described in the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA, 2005). Temperature ranged between 24-33 0 C, pH varied between 6.9-8.9 and Electrical conductivity was between 233-987µScm -1 during pre- and post-monsoon seasons respectively. Total dissolved solids (TDS) 161.1-690.9ppm, Total hardness ranged between124.40-188.81ppm as CaCO 3 . Chloride content was observed between 81.79-131.78 ppm while the range of nitrate was between 2.10-5.20ppm. The concentrations of the heavy metals were found to be in order Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn > As in pre-monsoon and Pb> Cd > Cu > Zn > As in post- monsoon respectively. It was observed that water available in the district is non-potableand unsafe for human consumption and contaminated with human or animal waste.