Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enantioseparation of S,R‐(±)‐Ketoprofen on Plain Silica Gel Layers with Achiral Mobile Phase

Abstract In an earlier study, we provided sufficient experimental evidence in favor of the hypothesis that—contrary to the conviction widespread among the practitioners of thin layer chromatography (TLC)—silica gel used for the coating of chromatographic plates is not amorphous, but microcrystalline and chiral. This evidence was procured both by the spectroscopic measurements of the circular dichroism of the binder‐free silica gel samples (manufactured specially for coating of the TLC plates) and by TLC measurements with densitometric detection. From the chromatographic measurements, it was found that silica gel employed in the planar chromatographic mode enables two‐dimensional enantioseparation of the racemic (or scalemic) mixtures of the selected test profens in the one‐dimensional development mode, without using chiral mobile phases. In our present study, this striking ability of the silica gel layers is further investigated with one more racemic mixture from the group of profens [i.e., S,R‐(±)‐ketoprofen]. Good separation was obtained of the racemic ketoprofen mixture on the chromatographic plates precoated with the plain silica gel, when using the achiral binary mobile phase acetonitrile‐water (5:1, v/v) plus several drops of glacial acetic acid. In this case, three different components of the investigated mixture were found, similar to the case observed earlier, when using a silica gel layer impregnated with L‐arginine. These three components were separated two‐dimensionally in the one dimensional development mode, i.e., their positions differed in terms of the RF values and, moreover, the respective migration tracks of these three species all deviated to the right. It seems justified to conclude that the two‐dimensional enantioseparation in the one‐dimensional planar chromatographic mode on the microcrystalline silica gel layers is a promising option, enhancing the enantioseparative potential of planar chromatography that cannot be challenged by the column liquid chromatography.
Assessing the Suitability of Electrospun Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) and Polystyrene as Cell Carrier Substrates for Potential Subsequent Implantation as a Synthetic Bruch's Membrane

Electrospun poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polystyrene (PS) were tested for suitability as cell carrier substrates. Membranes were UV/ozone treated, which improved protein adsorption, with aminolysis observed on PET. PET demonstrated greater handling and durability compared to PS. Treated and untreated PET supported cell proliferation, with cells exhibiting the desired monolayer morphology. Untreated PS did not support cell proliferation and although treated PS did, the resultant RPE cell morphology was undesirable. Preliminary tests investigating thickness of mats were also undertaken, with PET exhibiting better results. Electrospun PET exhibited cytocompatibility, and could prove to be a suitable candidate for potential subsequent implantation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Early Evaluation of Serum Albumin Level in Pediatric Burned Patients

ackground: Burn patients are unique in that not only do they reduce albumin synthesis in response to trauma, but also they experience accelerated albumin losses into their wound dressings and soft tissue. Methods: Serum albumin has been determined in 26 children with age ranged between (l-14) years and with total body surface area of burn (11-60%) during their initial few weeks of care. Their serum albumin levels were estimated at second day, seventh day and fourteenth day after burn. Intravenous albumin was administered by infusion of 1-2 g/kg/d when plasma Albumin fell bellow 2 g/100ml. or bellows 2.5 g/100ml in the presence of enteral feeding intolerance or pulmonary dysfunction, their further results were excluded. Results: The mean plasma Albumin was 3.062 g/100ml) at day 2 , 2.952 g/100ml at day 7 and 2.45 g/100ml at day 14 . The relationship between the surface area of burn and albumin concentration was not significant, (r = 0.1111406). The value of albumin was found to be 0.752 g/dl under the normal average value (p< 0.005). Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is usual in pediatric burned patients especially after 7 -14 day of the accident, the period of high risk of septic complications.
Microwave Synthesis of ZnxCd1−xS Nanorods and Their Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light

ZnxCd1−xS nanorods were successfully synthesized by microwave method. Characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ZnxCd1−xS samples were composed of a large quantity of homogeneous rods with diameter about 10 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in the aqueous phase under visible light irradiation (420 nm < λ < 800 nm) was taken as a model reaction. The conversion of MO degradation using Zn0.28Cd0. 72S as the photocatalyst was up to 96% after 6 h of irradiation. The separation and identification of degradation products were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). After 6 h of irradiation, the intensity of the main absorption peak of MO (m/z = 304) descended in mass spectrum view, while some new peaks of degradation products showed up. From these results of LC-MS analysis, it can be concluded that it was really a photocatalytic degradation process.
Influence of the Spray Method on Product Quality and Morphology in Spray Drying

The spraying system is responsible for the particle formation and spray pattern. The most important features of sprays emerging from different atomizers are discussed. In the case of pneumatic atomizers the entrainment is low and a well-mixed jet with little segregation of fine and large particles occurs. A much stronger interaction of gas and spray takes place in the case of large spray angles as, e.g., produced by rotary atomizers. To some extent the particle morphology is known to depend on the drying speed and thus on the entrainment.
Dynamic Modelling of the Wood Stack in a Wood Drying Kiln

For the design of energy efficient dryers employing heat pump systems, the dynamic response of the product to the kiln conditions must be taken into account. In this paper, the formulation of a dynamic, kiln-wide drying model is described. The model solves the unsteady-state mass, momentum and energy balance equations for both the air flow and the wood boards in drying three types of stack: normal stack, aligned stack and staggered stack. In order to represent the dynamical response of the system, the model equations provide more complete energy and mass balances than those presented in recent publications. The transient profiles of the air humidity, temperature, pressure, and velocity, and the wood temperature and moisture content along the air flow direction within the stack are obtained using this model. To illustrate the use of the model, the drying processes of sapwood boards of Pinus radiata under typical dehumidifier kiln conditions have been calculated, and the modelled results have been discussed in detail. In addition, the model has been tested by using the performance data for a commercial scale kiln. The agreement between the modelled and measured performance results shows that the model is suitable for the design and analysis of dehumidifier wood dryers.
Current, voltage and temperature distribution modeling of light-emitting diodes based on electrical and thermal circuit analysis

We demonstrate a modeling method based on the three-dimensional electrical and thermal circuit analysis to extract current, voltage and temperature distributions of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In our model, the electrical circuit analysis is performed first to extract the current and voltage distributions in the LED. Utilizing the result obtained from the electrical circuit analysis as distributed heat sources, the thermal circuit is set up by using the duality between Fourier's law and Ohm's law. From the analysis of the thermal circuit, the temperature distribution at each epitaxial film is successfully obtained. Comparisons of experimental and simulation results are made by employing an InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well blue LED. Validity of the electrical circuit analysis is confirmed by comparing the light distribution at the surface. Since the temperature distribution at each epitaxial film cannot be obtained experimentally, the apparent temperature distribution is compared at the surface of the LED chip. Also, experimentally obtained average junction temperature is compared with the value calculated from the modeling, yielding a very good agreement. The analysis method based on the circuit modeling has an advantage of taking distributed heat sources as inputs, which is essential for high-power devices with significant self-heating.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of MTBE Degradation: A Density Functional Theory Study

Computational studies using density functional theory can help define which of a variety of reactions may be involved in the degradation of the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). It is shown that hydrolysis of MTBE in the vapor phase or in neutral aqueous media, as well as its unimolecular decomposition, are not significant degradation mechanisms. The acid catalyzed hydrolysis of MTBE is a more feasible degradation pathway and is shown to proceed via tert-butyl carbonium ion formation. Hydrogen abstraction is shown to be the dominant first step in the degradation of MTBE initiated by hydroxyl radicals.
Reactively Modified Poly(lactic acid): Properties and Foam Processing

In order to produce modified poly(lactic acid) (PLA) resins for applications requiring high melt viscosity and elasticity (e.g., low-density foaming, thermoforming), a commercial PLA product has been reactively modified in melt by sequentially adding 1,4-butanediol and 1,4-butane diisocyanate as low-molecular-weight chain extenders. By varying amounts of the two chain extenders associated to the end group contents of PLA, three resulted samples were obtained. They were then structurally characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and molecular structure analysis. Their thermal, dynamic mechanical thermal properties and melt viscoelastic properties were investigated and compared along with unmodified PLA. The results indicated that chemical modification may be characterized as chain scission, extension, crosslinking, or any combination of the three depending on the chain extender amounts. The increase of PLA molecular weight could be obtained by properly controlling amounts of two chain extenders. The samples with increased molecular weights showed enhanced melt viscosity and elasticity. Such property improvements promised a successful application for modified PLA in a batch foam processing by producing foams with reduced cell size, increased cell density and lowered bulk foam density in comparison with plain PLA foam.
Kinetic solvent effects on alkaline decolorization of crystal violet in some aquo-organic solvents

Rate constants (ks) of alkaline fading of crystal violet (CV+) have been determined at 25 °C by spectrophotometric measurements in aqueous mixtures of some protic, aprotic, and dipolar aprotic cosolvents. Transfer free energies of the substrate (CV+), , were also determined in some of the solvent systems from solubility measurements of the chloride salt, and by subtracting obtained earlier by use of the tetraphenylarsonium tetraphenylboron (TATB) extrathermodynamic assumption. This helped determine transfer free energies of the transition state (X≠), values of lyate ion (S−) based on the TATB assumption are already known for all of these solvent systems. The observed log (ks/kw) – composition profiles reveal that the relative solvation of the reacting species rather than the dielectric constant of the solvents dictates the complex variation of the rates of the reaction in these solvent systems. Correlation of with indicates that the reaction is largely controlled by the relative solvation of S− in most of.
A Comparison of Concentrations of Selected Heavy Metals in Neoplastic and Peri- -Neoplastic Lung Tissues in Inhabitants from Wielkopolska and Upper Silesian Industrial District in Poland

This paper presents results of a study on determination of the concentration of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in neoplastic and peri-neoplastic lung tissues from 110 subjects of two regions of different degrees of environmental pollution: Wielkopolska (75) and Upper Silesian Industrial District (35). The concentrations of the metals were determined by the method of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The mean values (in µg/g wet tissue) obtained for the inhabitants from Wielkopolska were: Cd - 0.56; Pb - 0.45; Cu - 1.98; Zn - 12.93 in the neoplastic tissue and Cd - 0.88; Pb - 0.40; Cu - 1.96; Zn - 12.80 in the perineoplastic tissue. For the inhabitants from the Upper Silesian Industrial District (USID) the corresponding values were: Cd - 0.63; Pb - 0.25; Cu - 1.61; Zn - 20.63 in the neoplastic tissue and Cd - 1.37; Pb - 0.06; Cu - 1.66; Zn - 19.20 in the peri-neoplastic tissue. Concentrations of Cd were higher in peri-neoplastic tissues than in the neoplastic ones in the subjects from both groups. The highest concentrations of Pb and Cu were found in tissues of the inhabitants from Wielkopolska, while the highest concentrations of Cd and Zn were in tissues of those from Upper Silesian Industrial District.
Molecular Spectrum of Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation in a Cohort of Indian Cancer Patients: A Report from Reference Laboratory

Background: Individuals harbouring BRCA1/2 pathogenic germline mutations have high lifetime risks of breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify BRCA1/2 mutation frequency and spectrum in 350 Indian cases fulfilling the NCCN criteria. Methodology: The BRCA1/2 gene sequencing was done by NGS. Results: Among the 350 cases, 85 (24.2%) carried a pathogenic variant in BRCA1 (n=60) or BRCA2 (n=25) gene. The frequencies of BRCA mutations were higher in ovarian cancer than breast cancer (26.7% vs. 20%) although not significant. Furthermore, one case each of prostate and pancreatic cancer harboured BRCA mutation. Majority of the mutations (53%) were located in the BCCR and OCCR region in both BRCA1/2 genes. A spectrum of 70 unique pathogenic variants (46 in BRCA1 and 24 in BRCA2) was identified in 85 cases. Interestingly, 7 BRCA1 and one BRCA2 mutations were recurrent, accounting for 15.2% and 4.2% of all mutations. The variants c. 68_69delAG and c.4508C>A in BRCA1 and c.9380G>A in BRCA2 appears to be the hotspot mutation. Notably, we identified seven novel variants (4 in BRCA1 and 3 in BRCA2 gene) which were not reported till date. VUS was identified in 5.1% cases and was predominantly seen in BRCA2 gene (83%, 15/18). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the prevalence of BRCA mutation in Indian patients varies considerably and is similar to global reports. The molecular spectrum of BRCA variants is also dissimilar, and requires its cautious classification. The current study identified novel variants which added new insights into the genetic heterogeneity of the BRCA gene. Keywords: BRCA1/2 Gene • Germline mutation • Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Estimating lipid lateral diffusion in phospholipid vesicles from carbon-13 spin-spin relaxation

Carbon 13 spin-spin relaxation rates (T 2 -2 ) were measured in both sonicated and extruded lipid vesicle preparations and were analyzed using several Lorentzian spectral density functions. A minimal spectral density function that includes the effects of internal acyl chain motions, axial rotation, and phospholipid wobble can accurately account for the spin-lattice relaxation rates (T 1 -1 ) and 13 C- 1 H nuclear Overhauser effects in these vesicle preparations
THE CONTRIBUTION OF HERBS TO THE ACCUMULATION OF HISTAMINE IN “OTLU” CHEESE

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of herbs and the use of raw milk on histamine accumulation in "Otlu " (Herby) cheese during ripening. Cow's milk was used for the cheese production. The milk was divided into two main groups: one was used raw and the other was pasteurized at 65C for 30 min. Each group was further divided into two subparts, one of which was used as control (without herbs), while 2% (w/v) of the herbs were added into the other to produce Herby cheese. All cheeses were ripened at 7Cfor 90 days. The cheese samples were analyzed in terms of histamine content, titratable acidity, dry matter, salt and degree of ripening on days 5, 30, 60 and 90. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB) were also counted during ripening. The use of raw milk and the addition of herb both increased histamine formation in Otlu cheeses (P < 0.05). Moreover, higher water-soluble nitrogen values, as degree of ripening, were obtained from both raw milk and herb-added cheeses. The number of MAB was higher in raw cheeses (P < 0.05) and also herb-added cheeses. The study suggests that the addition of herbs may facilitate histamine formation in Herby cheese.
Retrieval of the optical properties of tropospheric aerosols over Athens, Greece combining a 6-wavelength Raman-lidar and the CALIPSO VIS-NIR lidar system: Case-study analysis of a Saharan dust intrusion over the Eastern Mediterranean

The National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) 6-wavelength (355, 387, 407, 532, 607 and 1064 nm) Raman lidar system has been used to derive the aerosol optical properties (e.g. the lidar ratio, the aerosol backscatter and extinction profile) and the water vapour mixing ratios over Athens, Greece during the CALIPSO space lidar overpasses over our area at 355, 532 and 1064 nm. These data have been analyzed for the case of a Saharan dust intrusion over the Eastern Mediterranean, occurred on January 26, 2007, using concurrent aerosol optical depth (AOD) data at 550 nm from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and forecasted data from the Dust Regional Atmospheric Modeling (DREAM) model.
Formation of air-stable copper–silver core–shell nanoparticles for inkjet printing

Copper nanoparticles can be utilized as a low-cost replacement for silver and gold nanoparticles which are currently used in inkjet printing of conductive patterns. However, the main obstacle for using copper nanoparticles is their spontaneous oxidation at ambient conditions. Here we describe the synthesis of nonoxidizable copper nanoparticles by coating them with a silver shell, and inkjet printing of these particles. The formation of these core–shell nanoparticles is driven by a transmetalation reaction on the surface of copper nanoparticles, where the copper atoms present on the particles' surface are used as the reducing agent for the silver. This process results in formation of solely copper–silver core–shell nanoparticles, with no individual silver particles. It was found that coating 40 nm copper nanoparticles with a 2 nm layer of silver prevents oxidation of the copper core and preserves its metallic characteristic. Characterization of these nanoparticles by HR-TEM, SEM, EDS, XRD, spectrophotometry and XPS confirm the core–shell structure and their stability to oxidation. Inkjet printing of concentrated aqueous dispersions of these copper–silver nanoparticles was done on various substrates, and it was found that conductive and decorative patterns with metallic appearance, stable to oxidation (up to 150 °C) are formed.
Effects of cross-linking on the rheological and thermal properties of sweet potato starch.

Sweet potato starches were modified with three different concentrations of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3 ) (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03%, based on dry weight of starch) as a cross-linking agent. The effects of crosslinking on rheological and thermal properties of sweet potato starch (SPS) pastes were evaluated. Cross-linking considerably reduced the swelling power, consistency index (K), apparent viscosity (η a ), and yield stress (σ oc ) values of SPS, which significantly decreased with increase in POCl 3 concentration. The gelatinization temperature (T p ) and enthalpy (ΔH) values of the cross-linked SPS, which were determined using differential scanning calorimetry, were higher than those of native SPS. Storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), and complex viscosity (η*) of the cross-linked SPS pastes determined using small deformation oscillatory rheometry, were higher than native starch, and they also decreased with increase in POCl 3 concentration from 0.01 to 0.03%. The tan 8 (ratio of G"/G') values (0.15-0.19) of the cross-linked SPS samples were much lower than that (0.37) of the native SPS, indicating that the elastic properties of the SPS pastes were strongly influenced by modifications from cross-linking. Finally, Cox-Merz plots showed that η* was much higher than η a for the cross-linked SPS pastes.
Molecular beam deposition of perylene on copper : Formation of ordered phases

The growth of ultrathin perylene films on Cu(110) and Cu(100) surfaces has been studied by means of He atom scattering, low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with a special emphasis on the interface structure. In addition to several ordered submonolayer phases, two distinctly different monolayer structures were found at substrate temperatures below 380 K and at about 450 K on Cu(110). The rather open saturation structure formed at elevated temperatures reveals an enhanced density of substrate steps, which indicates an adsorption-induced modification of the Cu(110) surface. In contrast to that, on Cu(100), only a close-packed c(8 × 4) monolayer structure is formed without any less-dense-packed structures.
The rheology of a bubbly liquid

A semiempirical constitutive model for the visco-elastic rheology of bubble suspensions with gas volume fractions φ < 0.5 and small deformations (Ca ≪ 1) is developed. The model has its theoretical foundation in a physical analysis of dilute emulsions. The constitutive equation takes the form of a linear Jeffreys model involving observable material parameters: the viscosity of the continuous phase, gas volume fraction, the relaxation time, bubble size distribution and an empirically determined dimensionless constant. The model is validated against observations of the deformation of suspensions of nitrogen bubbles in a Newtonian liquid (golden syrup) subjected to forced oscillations. The effect of φ and frequency of oscillation f on the elastic and viscous components of the deformation are investigated. At low f, increasing φ leads to an increase in viscosity, whereas, at high f, viscosity decreases as φ increases. This behaviour can be understood in terms of bubble deformation rates and we propose a dimensionless quantity, the dynamic capillary number Cd, as the parameter which controls the behaviour of the system. Previously published constitutive equations and observations of the rheology of bubble suspensions are reviewed. Hitherto apparently contradictory findings can be explained as a result of Cd regime. A method for dealing with polydisperse bubble size distributions is also presented.
Thermal unimolecular decomposition of ethyl propionate behind reflected shock waves

The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of ethyl propionate to ethylene and propionic acid behind reflected shock waves have been studied in two single-pulse shock tubes of different design.Between 913 and 1100 K the results from the two sets of experiments are in good agreement with each other, and with the extrapolated results of earlier work using the toluene-carrier method at temperatures between 778 and 875 K.Above 1100 K however, the Arrhenius plot is curved in a manner resembling that previously reported for cyclopropane and cyclobutane.
Grain Growth in Thin Films

in the average crystal orientation and can even result in epitaxial films. It is therefore not surprising that grain growth can profoundly affect the mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties of thin films. In this article the mechanisms and modes of grain growth in thin films will be reviewed. The focus will be on those factors that lead to the evolution of grain orientations as well as grain si zes. Spec ific attention will also be gi ven to those factors that allow control of microstructural evolution in thin films.