Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of the nature and level of trust between patients and healthcare providers, its dimensions and determinants: a scoping review protocol

Introduction The aim of this scoping review is to systematically search the literature to identify the nature and or level of trust between the patient, the users of health services (eg, clients seeking health promotion and preventive healthcare services) and the individual healthcare providers (doctors, nurses and physiotherapists/ occupational therapists), across public and private healthcare sectors, at all levels of care from primary through secondary to tertiary care. It also aims to identify the factors that influence trust between patients, users of health services (clients) and providers of healthcare at all levels of care from primary care to tertiary care, and across all health sectors (public and private). The study will also identify the tools used to measure trust in the healthcare provider. Methods and analysis The scoping review will be conducted based on the methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology, and Levac et al’s methodological enhancement. An experienced information specialist (HM) searched the following databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. The search terms were both keywords in the title and/or abstract and subject headings (eg, MeSH, EMTREE) as appropriate. Search results were downloaded, imported and stored into a ‘Refworks’ folder specifically created for reference management. The preliminary search was conducted between 7 December 2017 and 14 December 2017. Quantitative methods using content analysis will be used to categorise study findings on factors associated with trust between patients, clients and healthcare providers. The collection of studies will be also examined for heterogeneity. Qualitative analysis on peer reviewed articles of qualitative interviews and focus group discussion will be conducted; it allows clear identification of themes arising from the data, facilitating prioritisation, higher order abstraction and theory development. A consultation exercise with stakeholders may be incorporated as a knowledge translation component of the scoping study methodology. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will be obtained for the research project from the Institutional Review Board. The International Medical University will use the findings of this scoping review research to improve the understanding of trust in healthcare, in its endeavour to improve health services delivery in its healthcare clinics and hospitals, and in its teaching and learning curriculum. The findings will also help faculty make evidence based decisions to focus resources and research as well as help to advance the science in this area. Dissemination of the results of the scoping review will be made through peer-reviewed publications, research reports and presentations at conferences and seminars.
Cardiac Evaluation Using Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography and Conventional Echocardiography in Taiwanese Patients with Mucopolysaccharidoses

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders that can damage various organs, including the heart. Cardiac abnormalities have been observed in patients with all MPS types, with the most documented abnormalities being cardiac valvular regurgitation and stenosis, valvular thickening, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods: Cardiac features of 53 Taiwanese patients with MPS (31 men and 22 women; age range 1.1–34.9 years; seven with MPS I, 16 with MPS II, nine with MPS III, 14 with MPS IVA, and seven with MPS VI) were evaluated using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and conventional echocardiography. Results: The mean z scores of the global longitudinal strain (GLS), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), interventricular septum diameter in diastole (IVSd), left ventricular posterior wall diameter in diastole (LVPWd), and aortic diameter of the 53 patients with MPS were 1.71, 0.35, 1.66, 1.03, and 3.15, respectively. Furthermore, z scores >2 were identified in 45%, 13%, 40%, 13%, and 70% of the GLS, LVMI, IVSd, LVPWd, and aortic diameter, respectively. The most severe GLS was observed in those with MPS VI, followed by in those with MPS II and MPS I. The GLS z score was positively correlated with the LVMI z score (p < 0.01). Moreover, diastolic dysfunction (reversed ratio between early and late (atrial) ventricular filling velocity (E/A ratio < 1)) was identified in 12 patients (23%). Ejection and shortening fractions were abnormal in four (8%) and seven (13%) patients, respectively. Mitral regurgitation (MR) (92%) was the most common valvular heart disease, followed by aortic regurgitation (AR) (57%), mitral stenosis (MS) (21%), and aortic stenosis (AS) (15%). The z scores of the GLS and LVMI and severity scores of the MS, MR, AS, and AR were all positively correlated with increasing age (p < 0.05). Twenty patients (38%) had a left ventricular remodeling pattern. Conclusions: The most significant left ventricular myocardial deformation, hypertrophy and valvular heart disease were observed in the patients with MPS VI, II, and I, followed by those with MPS IV; in contrast, patients with MPS III had the mildest manifestations. Cardiac abnormalities in patients with MPS worsened with increasing age in accordance with the progressive nature of this disease.
An Expanded Agenda for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer: Charting a Course for the Future

Advances in breast cancer science, early detection, and treatment have resulted in improvements in breast cancer survival but not in breast cancer incidence. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis in the United States. Each year, nearly a quarter million U.S. women receive a breast cancer diagnosis, and the number continues to rise each year with the growth in the population of older women. Although much remains to be understood about breast cancer origins and prevention, action can be taken on the existing scientific knowledge to address the systemic factors that drive breast cancer risk at the population level. The California Breast Cancer Research Program funded a team at Breast Cancer Prevention Partners (BCPP) to convene leaders in advocacy, policy, and research related to breast cancer prevention from across the state of California. The objective was the development of a strategic plan to direct collective efforts toward specific and measurable objectives to reduce the incidence of breast cancer. The structured, innovative approach used by BCPP to integrate scientific evidence with community perspectives provides a model for other states to consider, to potentially change the future trajectory of breast cancer incidence in the United States.
Variation in Root and Shoot Growth in Response to Reduced Nitrogen

Recently, root traits have been suggested to play an important role in developing greater nitrogen uptake and grain yield. However, relatively few breeding programs utilize these root traits. Over a series of experiments at different growth stages with destructive plant biomass measurements, we analyzed above-ground and below-ground traits in seven geographically diverse lines of wheat. Root and shoot biomass allocation in 14-day-old seedlings were analyzed using paper roll-supported hydroponic culture in two Hoagland solutions containing 0.5 (low) and 4 (high) mM of nitrogen (N). For biomass analysis of plants at maturity, plants were grown in 7.5 L pots filled with soil mix under two nitrogen treatments. Traits were measured as plants reached maturity. High correlations were observed among duration of vegetative growth, tiller number, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter. Functionality of large roots in nitrogen uptake was dependent on the availability of N. Under high N, lines with larger roots had a greater yield response to the increase in N input. Under low N, yields were independent of root size and dry matter, meaning that there was not a negative tradeoff to the allocation of more resources to roots, though small rooted lines were more competitive with regards to grain yield and grain N concentration in the low-N treatment. In the high-N treatment, the large-rooted lines were correlated to an increase in grain N concentration (r = 0.54) and grain yield (r = 0.43). In low N, the correlation between root dry matter to yield (r = 0.20) and grain N concentration (r = −0.38) decreased. A 15-fold change was observed between lines for root dry matter; however, only a ~5-fold change was observed in shoot dry matter. Additionally, root dry matter measured at the seedling stage did not correlate to the corresponding trait at maturity. As such, in a third assay, below-ground and above-ground traits were measured at key growth stages including the four-leaf stage, stem elongation, heading, post-anthesis, and maturity. We found that root growth appears to be stagnant from stem elongation to maturity.
Proximal composition and colour of maize grains after intermittent and continuous drying.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous and intermittent drying with different rest periods on the quality and centesimal composition of maize (Zea mays). Grains of the cultivar Cargo TL were harvested with moisture content of 25.37% (wet basis, w.b.) and subjected to drying at 100 oC and air flow of 1.5 m3 min-1 m-2. Drying was conducted with five rest periods (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 h) and four replicates in a completely randomized design. Drying was carried out until the grains reached final moisture content of 14 ± 0.3% w.b. It was concluded that the proximal composition was not influenced by the drying conditions; the grains showed browning resulting from intermittent drying; increased rest period contributed to reduced damage and increased moisture reduction rate.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY EVALUATION OF NOVEL COMBINED PLANT CRUDE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LICORICE AND MACA

Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in the potential positive effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) and Maca extracts. However, there has been no detailed investigation of the effects of mixing these two plants extracts. Therefore, the present research explores for the first time, the effects of the mixture of these two extracts. The aim of the current study is to figure out the cytotoxicity of this mixture on the sensitive system of the mammal's body. This study, therefore, set out to assess the cytotoxicity effect of the aqueous crude extract of Licorice, Maca, and the effect of their extracts mixture on mice normal spleenocytes by MTT assay. The results show that the cells growth inhibition of both extracts and their mixture was 0% compare to control. The mixture medium (12.5/2.5mg) has the best viability with 245.0% compared to Licorice medium alone (12.5mg) with viability 223.1% and Maca medium alone (2.5mg) with viability 133.6 %. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that the mixtures of licorice and Maca extracts have no harmful effects at a dose of (12.5/2.5mg). Furthermore, the mixture data can be applied for orally used in the treatment of infertility status.
Soil microbial biomass , activity and community composition along 1 altitudinal gradients in the High Arctic ( Billefjorden , Svalbard ) 2

The unique and fragile High Arctic ecosystems are vulnerable to proceeding global climate warming. Elucidation 12 of factors driving microbial distribution and activity in Arctic soils is essential for comprehensive understanding of the 13 ecosystem functioning and its response to environmental change. The goals of this study were to investigate the microbial 14 biomass, activity, microbial community structure (MCS) and their environmental controls in soils along three elevational 15 transects in coastal mountains of Billefjorden, Central Svalbard. Soils from four different altitudes (25, 275, 525, and 765 m 16 above sea level) were analysed for a suite of characteristics including temperature regimes, organic matter content, base 17 cation availability, moisture, pH, basal respiration, and microbial biomass and community structure using phospholipid fatty 18 acids (PLFA). We observed significant spatial heterogeneity of edaphic properties among transects, resulting in transect19 specific effect of altitude on most soil parameters. We did not observed any clear elevation pattern in the microbial biomass 20 and the microbial activity revealed contrasting elevational patterns between transects. We found relatively large horizontal 21 variability in MCS, mainly due to different composition of bacterial PLFAs, but also systematic altitudinal shift in MCS 22 related with different habitat preferences of fungi and bacteria, resulting in high fungi to bacteria ratios at the most elevated 23 sites. Our data further showed that the biological soil crusts on these most elevated, unvegetated sites can host microbial 24 assemblages of the size and activity comparable with the arctic tundra ecosystem. The key environmental factors 25 determining horizontal and vertical changes in soil microbial properties were soil pH, organic carbon content, soil moisture 26 and Mg 2+ availability. 27
The Effect of an Acquirer’s Life Cycle Stage on the Performance of M&As: Evidence from Mega and Non-Mega Deals in the US

A substantial body of academic literature continues to investigate whether M&amp;A deals create or destroy shareholder value and what are the main determinants of M&amp;A performance, but the results are still inconclusive. In this paper, we investigate the impact of corporate life cycle on M&amp;A performance from the perspective of acquiring firms. <br><br>We shed additional light on the performance of M&amp;A deals from the perspective of bidders’ life cycle stages and the deal size . We single out mega deals, where activity remains upbeat, and compare their effects on M&amp;A performance with the effect of non-mega transactions. In contrast to previous studies in the area, we identify four life cycle stages (introduction, growth, maturity and decline), whereas the existing literature mostly focuses on three life cycle stages. <br><br>Our sample includes 2413 US domestic M&amp;A deals from 2003 to 2017, and consists of 386 mega deals and 2027 non-mega transactions. The data for analysis were obtained from Capital IQ, Bloomberg and Thomson Reuters Eikon databases. <br><br>Based on the event study method and regression analysis, we find that stock market reaction is positive for M&amp;A deals in the US and this reaction is more favorable for non-mega acquisitions than for mega M&amp;A deals. We show that non-mega deals outperform mega transactions for acquirers at the introduction and growth stages of the business life cycle. Our results also indicate that benefits for shareholders from acquiring firms decrease on average with the life-cycle of an organisation, but the returns for shareholders are positive in both cases. By contrast, in mega deals, shareholders receive negative returns when the acquiring firm is at introductory life cycle stage. <br><br>The scientific novelty of this paper is reflected in our contribution and expansion of the scope of research in this field. There is a relative scarcity of analysis examining M&amp;A deals from the perspective of life cycle stage, and our addition of a fourth category of analysis in this area, along with a focus on the value of the deal, expands the range of methodology for future research. This research is open to further expansion in different markets and our methodology is readily adaptable for the addition of further analytical variables. Importantly, with the validation of our research hypotheses and the confirmation of significant results, we provide a useful new tool for managers and professionals engaged in M&amp;A deals to actively gauge and forecast practical implications of their deals.
AFRREV VOL 13 (4), S/NO 56, SEPTEMBER, 2019

Scholarly discourse has intensified the debate on differences regarding sexual drive, sexual initiation, and intimacy between male and female partners and sexual satisfaction in marriage. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to 124 married students of Babcock University and results were analysed using various regression analysis. Findings revealed that sexual initiation has no influence on sexual satisfaction. It depicted that sexual drive provokes sexual satisfaction more in males than in females while intimacy tends to engender sexual satisfaction more in females than in their male counterparts where the joint effect of the three variables on sexual satisfaction was tested. Furthermore, length of time in marriage significantly moderates the relationship between intimacy and sexual satisfaction. The study confirms intimacy as a key driver in the sexual satisfaction of married couples and recommends its embrace in obedience to the Holy book, as it motivates sexual initiation and increases sexual drive in each partner. AFRREV VOL 13 (4), S/NO 56, SEPTEMBER, 2019 COPYRIGHT © IAARR: www.afrrevjo. net 108 Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol. info Indexed Society of African Journals Editors (SAJE); https://africaneditors.org/
Bulk modulus of Os by experiments and first-principles calculations

Osmium is an hcp metal located in the middle of the 5d transition metal series in the periodic table. Recent powder x-ray diffraction experiments (Cynn et al. 2002) showed that the bulk modulus of Os is 462 GPa, exceeding the value for diamond, 443 GPa (Occelli et al. 2003). Since such a high value of bulk modulus is rare for metals, the report stimulated further experimental and theoretical studies. Here we report the results of our powder x-ray diffraction experiments with a He-pressure medium and first-principle calculations.
Deformation Behavior and Experiments on a Light Alloy Seamless Tube via a Tandem Skew Rolling Process

As a process for producing seamless tubes, the tandem skew rolling (TSR) process was proposed. In order to study deformation characteristics and mechanism on tubes obtained by the TSR process, a numerical simulation of the process was analyzed using Deform-3D software. Simulation results demonstrated the distribution of stress, strain, velocity, and temperature of a seamless tube in the stable stage during the TSR process. Actual experiments of carbon steel 1045, high strength steel 42CrMo, and magnesium alloy AZ31 were carried out in a TSR testing mill. The results demonstrated that the TSR process is qualified for producing tubes of high quality, with an accuracy of ±0.2 mm in wall thickness and ±0.35 mm in diameter. This process is suitable for manufacturing seamless tubes that are difficult to deform or that have been deformed in a narrow range of temperature.
CYTOTOXIC PHENOLICS FROM THE FLOWERS OF HIPPEASTRUM VITTATUM

Bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the ethanolic extract of the fresh flowers of Hippeastrum vittatum (Amaryllidaceae) cultivated in Egypt yielded three compounds viz. caffeic acid (1), dihydrocaffeic acid methyl ester (2), together with the polyhydroxylated alkaloid pancratistatin (3). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of extensive 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR studies, and mass spectral measurements. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-3 is presented and discussed
Effects of foreign ownership and International Financial Reporting Standards on debt maturity in Chilean firms

espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es determinar los efectos de la propiedad extranjera y de las Normas Internacionales de Informacion Financiera (NIIF) sobre la madurez de la deuda en las empresas chilenas. En el estudio se utiliza un modelo de respuesta fraccional (MRF) sobre 20.586 empresas. Los resultados demuestran que la propiedad extranjera tiene un efecto negativo y no lineal, transformandose en un medio de control sustituto en relacion con la deuda de largo plazo. Las NIIF reducen la madurez en empresas grandes y la extiende en las pequenas y medianas empresas (Pymes). Estos resultados sugieren que para las firmas grandes es mas importante controlar conflictos de agencia, mientras que para las Pymes es mas importante reducir las asimetrias de informacion. EnglishThe objective of this article is to determine the effects of foreign ownership and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on debt maturity in Chilean companies. The study uses a fractional response model (FRM) on 20,586 companies. The results show foreign ownership has a negative and non-linear effect. Foreign ownership in Chilean firms is a substitute control means in relation to long-term debt. IFRS reduces maturity in large companies and extends them in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These results suggest it is more important for large firms to control agency conflicts, while it is more important for SMEs to reduce information asymmetry. portuguesO objetivo deste artigo e determinar os efeitos da propriedade estrangeira e das Normas Internacionais de Relato Financeiro (IFRS) no ven-cimento da divida em empresas chilenas. O estudo utiliza um Modelo de Resposta Fracionaria (MRF) em 20.586 empresas. Os resultados mostram que a propriedade estrangeira tem efeito negativo e nao linear, tornando-se um meio de controle substituto em relacao a divida de longo prazo. O IFRS reduz a maturidade em grandes empresas e as estende em Pequenas e Medias Empresas (PMEs). Esses resultados sugerem que, para grandes empresas, e mais importante controlar conflitos entre agencias, enquanto para as PMEs e mais importante reduzir as assimetrias de informacoes.
MUSCLE DAMAGE MARKERS IN SOCCER PLAYERS

This study examined the effect of caffeine supplementation on the white cell count and muscle damage marker responses to intermittent-interval exercise as performed by soccer players. Subjects (n = 20) completed a placebo-controlled double-blind test protocol. Forty-five minutes before exercise, participants ingested 4.5 mg·kg−1 body mass of caffeine (EXP) or placebo (CONT). Blood samples were collected before and after exercise to measure hematological parameters, serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) activity. To compare differences among all variables, 2 (time) × 2 (group) repeated measures ANOVA (with Tukey’s post hoc tests) was conducted. Exercise caused leukocytosis (38.5% and 36.1%in EXP and CONT, respectively), lymphocytosis (42.1%and 44.9%; p < 0.05) and neutrophilia (38.2% and 31.5%; p < 0.05) without an additional effect due to caffeine (p > 0.05). Also, serum CK and LDH activity were enhanced by exercise in both groups (p < 0.05), without a synergistic effect of caffeine. ALT, AST, AP and γ-GT serum activity was not modulated by exercise or caffeine. The findings demonstrate that white cells and muscle damage markers increase after intense intermittent exercise, but acute caffeine supplementation has no influence on immune responses or muscle cellular integrity. [ J Exerc Sci Fit • Vol 7 • No 2 • 91–97 • 2009]