Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of hepatic dysfunction of dengue fever in children

Background: Dengue is a major international health concern that is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It is estimated that worldwide nearly 2.5 billion people continue to live at risk of contracting the infection while 50 million cases and 24,000 deaths tend to occur in 100 endemic countries. Hepatic dysfunction is common in dengue fever and the degree of liver dysfunction in children varies from mild injury with to severe injury. Methods: Prospective and descriptive study was conducted on all the laboratory confirmed cases of dengue fever in children admitted at SIMS and RC over a period of 1 year from Dec 2015 to Nov 2016 both clinically and biochemically. Results: This study reveals, the prevalence of hepatic dysfunction in 30.6% (174/568) of the cases. Among the gender and age, majority of the hepatic dysfunction were seen in males 55.7% (97/174) and in the age group of 10-18 years 44.2% (77/174). Based on the severity, majority of hepatic dysfunction was seen in severe dengue cases 59.2% (103/174). Among clinical findings, most common symptom was jaundice 27.5% (48/174) and commonest sign was hepatomegaly 39.6% (69/174). The commonest liver function test altered was AST level in 45.4% (79/174) of the cases. Commonest abdominal USG finding was gall bladder edema in 90.8% (156/174) of the cases. The mortality was nil in this study. Conclusions: This study concludes prevalence of hepatic dysfunction was seen 30.6%, most of them seen in severe dengue 59.2% of the cases suggesting any febrile child with hepatic dysfunction, dengue infection should be suspected.
Women's access to resources: Matrilineal kinship, the patriarchal state and social differentiation in Vietnam

ABSTRACT This paper explores women's perspectives regarding access to resources in a matrilineal ethnic community in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Customary matrilineal entitlements are not completely recognized by the state that is increasingly using force in asserting its ownership over forests and has a different vision regarding land tenure for households. Using predominantly qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews, life histories and observation, this study focuses on the strategies that K’ho women use to derive benefit from key natural resources such as wet rice fields and forest lands. Through the perspectives of three women of different ages, marital status and social background, I show how matrilineal kinship and conjugal relationships play out with respect to women's access to resources, given increasing state governance and control. I use an intersectional approach grounded in Feminist Political Ecology and insights from Ribot and Peluso's theory of access to highlight the interactions between gender, matrilineal structures and other forms of social identities in shaping access to natural resources.
Analysis of plateletpheresis donor deferral rate, characteristics, and its preventability

Introduction: Plateletpheresis is a procedure included in donor apheresis in which the donor blood is passed through an extraction machine, the platelets are extracted, and the remainder is returned into the circulation. Donor selection is important because donors are the only source for meeting blood product needs. In our study we aimed to evaluate deferral reasons in applications for plateletpheresis donation and reveal determine the preventable ones among them. Materials And Methods: The persons who were admitted to our Blood Center to be plateletpheresis donors during the period of six month, after a demand/request for platelet suspension was issued by the clinics. Their eligibility for being plateletapeheresis donors was decided. Results: A total of 1098 persons have applied to be plateletpheresis donors; 1045 were male and 53 female. A total of 787 persons were found to be eligible for being plateletpheresis donors; 772 were male and 15 female. 891 units of apheresis platelets were obtained from apheresis donors, including double units collected from 104 of them. Applications of 311 persons were deferred due to various reasons. The most common reason for donor deferral was inappropriate vascular access in 80 persons (25.7%, 69 males, 11 females). This is followed by abnormal laboratory values in 57 persons (18.3%) and drug use (most commonly analgesics) in 46 persons (14.7%). Discussion: During the assessment of blood product donors, proper selection of the candidates should be considered very carefully in order to not to harm the donor but to supply the demand of the recipient properly. When the deferral reasons were evaluated, improvement of in-hospital technical reasons and education sessions for people in order to increase the social awareness may substantially decrease the deferral rates.
Analysis of epidemiological situation of iodine deficiency in Tomsk region from 1998 to 2014

The purpose of the present research is the comparative analysis of the epidemiological situation of iodine deficiency in the Tomsk region from 1998 to 2014. There were examined 9901 and 15174 children of the school age including within the medical examination of the children’s population in 1998 and 2014 in Tomsk. At all school pupils there were analyzed anamnestic data and carried out anthropometrical measurements, ultrasonography of the thyroid gland was carried out using the portable scanner "Aloka SSD 500" with the linear sensor of 7,5 MHz frequency in the real time, the thyroid volume was evaluated according to Delange (1997). The excretion of inorganic iodine was determined at 264 in 1998 and at 120 children in 2014, respectively, in a one-time portion of urine by the cerium–arsenic method. There was additionally carried out the analysis of results of determination of TSH at 10717 in 1998, and at 15091 in 2014 in a spot of the whole blood at newborn children on the 4-5 day after birth at full-term and on the 7-14 day at prematurely born children. Neonatal TSH in the dried-up samples of capillary blood was determined by the method of the fluorometric immune-ferment analysis with the use of sets of TSH-Neonatal: Delfia, Finland. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out with the use of the applied software package pspp. The descriptive analysis included calculation of the median for the quantitative and the calculation of frequencies for qualitative data. The comparative analysis included calculation of distinctions reliability by the Mann-Whitney criterion for independent and to Wilcoxon’s criterion for dependent data. The comparative analysis of epidemiological situation of iodine deficiency in Tomsk and the Tomsk region in 1998 and 2014 specifies decreasing the iodine deficiency diseases in the Tomsk region, increasing the iodine provision of the population within 15 years by 27%, decreasing neonatal hyperthyroidism by 1.5 times.
Fruit resource provisioning for avian frugivores: The overlooked side of effectiveness in seed dispersal mutualisms

Mutualistic interactions between frugivorous birds and fleshy‐fruited plants are key processes for both natural plant regeneration and the maintenance of birds relying on fruit resources. However, seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) has been frequently studied only from the plant's perspective, that is the contribution of animals to plant fitness. Using a sample of Atlantic rainforest avian frugivores, this study presents a first comparative, empirical study of fruit effectiveness as a nutritional food resource for seed‐dispersing birds through the use of resource‐provisioning effectiveness (RPE) models. RPE is the product of the amount of fruits a frugivore can consume (quantity component) and the quality of the ingesta in terms of energy and nutrients obtained (quality component). Our results show wide variation in RPE among fleshy‐fruited plant species. Energy‐rich fruits consistently show a smaller quantity component, while energetically poor fruits are consistently the most consumed, with fruit species spanning a gradient from these two extremes. The specific RPEi resulting from a pairwise fruit–frugivore interaction is positively correlated with the total RPE (RPET) that a given fruit species has for the whole frugivore assemblage. RPE therefore appears to be a characteristic feature of the fruit species, rather than of the specific frugivore partner. Only the fruit's specific energy content showed a significant phylogenetic signal, suggesting potential constraints for free covariation between RPE and SDE of fruits and frugivores. Synthesis. We analyse variation in the effectiveness of fleshy‐fruit food provisioning to avian frugivores by explicitly redefining RPE within the SDE framework. We found ample variation in RPE among plant species, showing differences in both quantity and quality components of fruit resources rewards for the frugivores. Our findings help unravel how seed‐dispersing birds may discriminate among alternative fruit resources and to understand the configuration of mutual dependencies among mutualistic partners.
Can the activation of analytic cognitive style determine endorsement of secular belief?

The present study examined the effect of analytical thought priming on individual secular beliefs. In Study 1 (N = 64), we employed analytical thinking priming and examined whether such priming can influence the participants’ endorsement of secular belief. In Study 2 (N = 85), we employed another form of treatment condition to enhance analytical thinking and explored what components of secular beliefs were most affected by such condition. The results of both studies showed that participants primed to think with an analytic style possess higher secular belief, but not for all the domains of secular belief. We focused the discussion on the implications of these findings and the strength of secular belief measure.
Examining the barriers and benefits to exercise in adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Preservation of beta cell function reduces the risk of the complications of T1D. Regular exercise preserves beta cell function rat models of T1D and patients with other forms of diabetes. We wished to examine whether exercise could preserve beta cell function in T1D and whether this was influenced by adipokine receptor expression and function. We undertook a qualitative study to explore barriers to exercise in patients newly diagnosed with T1D. This showed that patients lacked confidence managing diabetes for exercise, and were poorly supported by healthcare professionals. Using these results, we then undertook a pilot clinical trial aiming to determine recruitment and retention, adherence to exercise, and exploring whether exercise preserves beta cell function in patients newly diagnosed with T1D. We show successful recruitment to an unsupervised exercise intervention study. We did not detect a beneficial effect of exercise on beta cell function in this pilot trial, but identified several areas that will need to be addressed in designing a larger scale study. Finally, we demonstrate improved adiponectin receptor expression and adiponectin mediated suppression of T cell endothelial migration in the months after diagnosis with T1D.
The Effect of Eight-Week Total Body Resistance Exercise on Liver Functional Parameters in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-alcoholicfattyliverdisease(NAFLD)isagrowinghealthproblemandaseriousriskfactorforotherdiseasessuch as diabetes and heart disease. Objectives: Theaimof thisstudywastoinvestigatetheeﬀectsof eight-weektotalbodyresistanceexercises(TRX)onliverfunctional parameters in patients with NAFLD. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 22 men with NAFLD were randomly divided into TRX training (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. TheTRXgroupparticipatedinaTRXtrainingprogramforeightweeks(threesessionsperweek,60minutespersession). The body composition, anthropometric indices, liver fat content, and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured by the enzymatic method before and after the training period. Results: After TRX training, the liver fat content in the TRX group was signiﬁcantly lower than in the control group (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP signiﬁcantly decreased in the TRX group, compared to the controls (P < 0.05). In addition, TRX training signiﬁcantly reduced body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio (P < 0.05), while no signiﬁcant changes were observed in the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: TRX training could be eﬀective in improving liver fat content and reducing the serum levels of liver enzymes in men with NAFLD and can play a role in the management of this condition.
Lyle and Jackson's Practical Orthoptics in the Treatment of Squint

It is a far cry from the slender volume of the first edition of Lyle and Jackson's " Practical Orthoptics in the Treatment of Squint " to the present text-book, fresh from the publisher, which forms the fourth edition. There are many changes to mark this edition from its immediate predecessor; the abolition of " authorized economy standards " has led to an increase in its pages from 271 to 371; the work of Miss Salsbury and MissBillinghurst has been taken up and developed by Mrs. Marianne Walker; there are 44 additional illustrations and new chapters on ocular neurosis and nystagmus; advice is given on the management and layout of an orthoptic department and the photo-frontispiece of the old orthoptic clinic in the basement of the Westminster Branch of Moorfields is replaced by a new one of the well-windowed and spacious department now existing on the first floor. The price of the volume has also increased (from 35 to 63s.). The book is intended primarily for orthoptic students, but the constant demand for it from the medical lending libraries and the rapid sale of new editions suggest that it serves a wider purpose and need. This is not altogether surprising for the text fulfils the promise of its title. It is written always from the practical point of view, and such theoretical argument as exists is demonstrated and its lessons driven home by recourse to actual case histories and clinical examples. The production of this work represents hours and days of precise and sustained observation in the out-patient department, and its gradual evolution with the years is the result of the weighing and sifting of clinical evidence, and the establishment of firm principles with an open-mindedness towards new ideas. The ophthalmic surgeon who finds himself divorced geographically from the personal advice of his more experienced colleagues and who is confronted with a problem of extraocular imbalance will almost certainly find a similar case described in this new volume and will be able to read, in detail, how to investigate it. A comprehensive practical guide is clearly the author's aim and the growth of the text-book from the primer of 1937 to the standard work of 1953 must provide him, if he has time to reflect, with a source of deep satisfaction. It is a pleasure for his friends and pupils to note on the title page that the State has recognized his good works and we wish the new edition the success it deserves.
Novel aspects of commonly encountered pituitary adenomas in clinical practice

4 DECLARATIONS . 7 PREFACE . 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 11 THIRD PARTY COPYRIGHT MATERIAL . 13 CHAPTER 1: THE LITERATURE REVIEW . 14 1.1 The pituitary gland . 14 1.2 Pathologies of the pituitary gland . 17 1.3 Pituitary tumours. 24 1.4 Pituitary adenomas . 28 1.5 Pituitary adenoma types . 30 1.6 Frequency of pituitary adenomas . 70 1.7 Prevalence of pituitary adenomas . 71 1.8 Incidence of pituitary adenomas . 73 1.9 Gender and age distribution of pituitary adenomas . 75 1.10 Australian admissions data . 76 1.11 Quality of life in patients with pituitary adenomas . 77 1.12 The need for multidisciplinary care of patients with pituitary adenomas . 79 1.13 Intrasellar pressure . 81 1.14 The scope of this thesis . 93 CHAPTER 2: THE RISK OF CABERGOLINE-ASSOCIATED VALVULOPATHY IN PROLACTINOMA PATIENTS . 98
Short‐Term Ingestion of Virgin Coconut Oil Improves Endothelial‐Dependent Dilation but not Exercise‐Mediated Hyperemia in Healthy Young Adults

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is high in antioxidants (e.g., polyphenols) that may reduce reactive oxygen species‐induced conversion of vascular endothelial‐derived nitric oxide (NO) to toxic peroxynitrite. As such, flow‐mediated dilation (FMD, a surrogate marker of NO bioavailability) and exercise‐mediated hyperemia may be enhanced following short‐term VCO supplementation. However, these potential beneficial effects have never been assessed in humans. We tested the hypotheses that a 4 week VCO supplement (30 ml·day−1) would improve resting popliteal artery (PA) FMD and the hyperemic response to aerobic exercise. Thirty‐four young, healthy participants were divided into VCO (n=19, 10♂, 22±2 years, 24±3 kg·m−2), and Control (n=15, 10♂, 24±2 years, 24±3 kg·m−2) groups. PA‐FMD and PA blood flow were assessed via high‐resolution duplex ultrasonography (Vivid i, GE Healthcare) and analyzed using commercial software (Cardiovascular Suite, Quipu). After resting measurements, a 10‐minute bout of moderate‐intensity (60% heart rate reserve) cycling exercise was completed. PA blood flow was measured for 5‐minutes post‐exercise and total PA blood volume was calculated from the area under the curve. After 4 weeks, PA‐FMD increased (p < 0.05) following VCO supplementation (4.9±0.9% to 5.5±1.2%) with no change (p > 0.9) in the Control group (5.7±2.1% to 5.8±1.9%). There were no differences (both, p > 0.28) in post‐exercise total PA blood volumes in either group (VCO: 495±355 ml to 598±384 ml; Control: 562±362 ml to 488±229 ml). The increased FMD response observed in our young healthy adults suggests that short‐term VCO supplementation has potential as a dietary treatment for populations with elevated ROS levels and reduced vascular endothelial (e.g., older adults, smokers, etc.). However, additional research is required to test this hypothesis.
Strategic Competition and Self-Confidence

This study tests the hypothesis that competitive strategic interactions foster overconfidence. We experimentally compare a strategic environment in which players have an incentive to overstate their own ability to deter competitors and avoid competition with a nonstrategic environment in which these incentives are removed. Subsequently, we measure the participants’ confidence. Overconfidence persists in the former environment but vanishes in the latter. We provide evidence for three mechanisms that contribute to the persistence of overconfidence. First, participants who win uncontested update their confidence as if they had won in an actual competition. Second, by contrast, participants who do not compete do not update their confidence, thus creating an asymmetry in updating. Third, inflated ability messages are “contagious” because they affect positively how their receivers update their confidence. We provide empirical evidence on the role of these mechanisms to explain the Dunning–Kruger effect and gender differences in confidence. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023. 4688 .
The Effect of Argumentation-Based Science Teaching Approach on 8th Graders’ Learning in the Subject of Acids-Bases, their Attitudes towards Science Class and Scientific Process Skills

Studies show that there are difficulties in learning the subject of acids and bases. For this reason, in the scope of the study, case studies which use daily life context are used to help students to establish the relation between acid-bases and daily life. In the content of the study, it was aimed to provide hands-on learning opportunities with performing experiments in the laboratory. It was thought that argument based science learning supported with authentic case studies would facilitate the students to learn the concepts of acid and base and support the development of their scientific process skills. The study aimed to investigate the effect of argumentation-based science teaching approach on 8th graders’ learning of the subject of acids and bases, their attitudes towards science class and their scientific process skills. The sample of the study consisted of 69 8th grade students from two different classes attending Science and Technology Course at a government school. The quasi-experimental research design which is one of the quantitative research designs was used in the content of the study. The experimental group was taught through Argumentation Based Science Learning Approach and the control group was taught through didactic teaching approach. The academic achievement test for the subject of acids and bases, Science Class Attitude Scale and Science Process Skills test were administered as pre-test prior to the application and post test following to the application. The results revealed that the argumentation based science teaching approach was more effective than the didactic teaching approach while learning the subject of acids and bases. The findings displayed that the academic achievement of the students taught with argumentation based approach was higher than the ones taught with didactic teaching approach. The findings of the study displayed that the Argumentation Based Science Learning Effect had no significant effect on students’ attitudes towards science class. But the approach had a significant effect on students’ science process skills.