Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New neo-clerodanes from Tinnea antiscorbutica Welv.

Three new neo-clerodanes, antiscorbuticane A, antiscorbuticane B and antiscorbuticane C, and known compounds glutinol, friedelin, 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (pinocembrin), 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (artemetin), 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,3'-tetramethoxyflavone (penduletin) and 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (chrysosplenol D), were isolated from the methanol extract of Tinnea antiscorbutica. Antiscorbuticane B exhibited no mutagenic activity at doses of up to 250 µg per plate (Ames test) and did not induce micronucleus formation in the V79 cell line at doses of up to 100 µg mL-1.
Compost Use in Agriculture: The Fate of Heavy Metals in Soil and Fodder Crop Plants

The effects of organic fertilizer application on heavy metals accumulation in both soil and plants and on the main soil fertility parameters have been evaluated in a long-term field experiment. The research was carried out in a Mediterranean environment (Rutigliano, Southern Italy – 41° 01′ latitude N, 4° 39′ longitude E, 112 m a.s.l.) since the autumn of 2001 in permanent rain-fed meadows of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). Two organic materials, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) compost and Olive Pomace (OPC) compost, were compared to nitrogen (cocksfoot) and phosphorus (alfalfa) mineral fertilizer treatments. The results showed that at the end of the first four years, the MSW and OPC composts application did not cause any heavy metals accumulation in soil and plants. Only the Zn reached a high level in the cocksfoot experimental soils. In addition, these organic materials allowed significant increases of extracted and humified soil organic carbon in the plots of both fodder crops. In the alfalfa field they also significantly improved the soil total N content, thus indicating the beneficial effects of MSW and OPC composts on soil fertility.
Physicochemical composition of hydro-distilled essential oil from coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds cultivated in Pakistan

This experiment describes the physiochemical composition of the essential oil derived from the seeds of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) cultivated in Pakistan. Hydrodistilled essential oil content from coriander seeds was found to be 0.15%. The physicochemical properties namely density (25°C), refractive index (25°C), acid value, ester value, and optical rotation (25°C) determined for the essential oil were found to be 0.8310, 1.4592, 4.0, 23.7, and +11.5 g/cm3, respectively. A total of 48 chemical constituents representing 90% of the essential oil tested were identified using Gas chromatographyflame ionization detector (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Linalool with contribution of 69.60% was found to be the principal constituent. Other important components identified were: geranyl acetate (4.99%), γ-terpinene (4.17%), α-pinene (1.63%), anethol (1.15%) and pcymene (1.12%). The analyzed essential oil mainly comprised of oxygenated monoterpene hydrocarbons (80.83%), followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (8.00%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (0.47%) and oxygenated sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (0.35%). Overall, the physicochemical attributes and chemical profile of the tested essential oil from Pakistan were reasonably comparable with those investigated for coriander seed essential oils from other regions of the world suggesting its potential for functional foods and cosmetics applications.
Growth and compositional changes during development and ripening of early summer 'Lonet-Mesaed' date palm fruits

‘Lonet-Mesaed’ is one of early season date palm cultivars consumed at both the Bisir and the Rutab stages as a result of low soluble tannins level. Growth and compositional changes during development and ripening of ‘Lonet-Mesaed’ date palm fruit were studied in two successive seasons. The results showed that fruit and flesh weight, diameter and length gradually increased during development until week 14 from pollination (maturity or Bisir stage) but slightly decreased thereafter during ripening at week 16 from pollination (ripening or Rutab stage). The changes in these parameters showed a clear sigmoidal pattern for fruit growth. Seed weight rapidly increased especially from week 6 to 10 (cell elongation or Kimri stage), slightly increased from week 10 to 12 and then decreased at week 16 from pollination. Flesh/seed ratio was sharply decreased from week 6 to 10 from pollination but then gradually increased until ripening. TSS and flesh dry weight percentage slightly increased from week 6 to 10 from pollination and then rapidly increased during maturation and ripening. Acidity percentage sharply decreased from week 6 to 8, remained relatively constant until week 12 from pollination and then slightly increased during maturation and ripening. The concentration of vitamin C increased from week 6 to 8 from pollination but sharply decreased thereafter during maturation and ripening. On a fruit basis, the amount of vitamin C (mg/fruit) increased from week 6 to 8 and decreased at week 10 from pollination with slight changes during maturation and ripening. Total phenol concentration gradually increased during development, slightly decreased during maturation and then sharply decreased during ripening. As amount per fruit total phenols followed a similar pattern as for the concentration. The concentration of soluble tannins increased from week 6 to 8, decreased with fluctuation from week 8 to 14 and then sharply decreased during ripening. However, as amount per fruit, the soluble tannin content gradually increased during development, slightly decreased during maturity and then sharply decreased during ripening. On a dry weight basis, the concentration of all nutrient elements (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, sodium, zinc, iron, copper and manganese) gradually decreased during development and more progressively during ripening.
Polydomain−Monodomain Transition of Randomly Disordered Nematic Elastomers with Different Cross-Linking Histories

Stretching driven polydomain−monodomain (PM) transitions have been investigated for the two types of polydomain nematic elastomers with different random alignments of the mesogens in the stage of cross-linking. One (I−PNE) is made by cross-linking in the high−temperature isotropic state and then cooling to the nematic state. The other (N−PNE) is directly obtained by cross-linking in the low-temperature polydomain nematic state. They are similar in the order of the induced monodomain as well as the phase transition temperature, but they markedly differ in the process of the PM transitions. The transition in I−PNEs occurs under a very small constant−force condition, and the work of deformation required for forming the monodomain state (WPM) is only a few percent of the initial shear modulus. In contrast, the transition of N−PNEs requires a significantly larger WPM, and the formation proceeds gradually in the wide range of stress. The optical microscopy observation reveals that N−PNEs possess the memory of t.
The role of IL-13 Polymorphisms in Asthma

Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with variation in induces clinical symptoms and response to therapy. Several IL-13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with asthma predisposing in particular populations. IL-13 variants may play role in dysregulation of immunoglobulin E. Aims to the study association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)of IL13 gene (rs20541 and rs1295686) with asthma. Methods and materials: Subjects and methods total of ninety (90) adult patients with asthma were included in the current study. 51 (56.7%) were females and 39 (43.3%) were male. Their age range from 18 to 75 years compared to ninety (90) of apparently healthy people as control group. The detection of IL-13 serum levels by using ELISA, while the determination of IL-13 Gene polymorphisms (rs20541 and rs1295686) by using Conventional-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Results: this study revealed that the serum level of IL-13 was significantly differences between asthmatic and control groups (pvalue =0.02). Regarding IL-13 rs20541, the results revealed a statistically significant difference between patients and control for genotypes GA, AA (Pvalue = 0.0167, Pvalue = 0.021 respectively) and allele frequency (A) p-value 0.0002, on other hand the IL-13 rs1295686 revealed statistically significant difference between patients and control for genotypes CT, TT (P-value = 0.0009, P-value = 0.0005) respectively and allele frequency (T) with p-value <0.0001. Conclusion: In conclusion, the increased frequency in genotypes (GA, AA and CT, TT) of IL-13 polymorphisms (rs20541 and rs1295686) respectively, and “A”,” T” alleles of these variants could be considered as a risk factors for asthma developing.
Risk Factors of Drop-Out among Tuberculosis Patients in Semarang: A Case-Control Study

Background: A multitude of factors are known to be associated with tuberculosis (TB) patients dropping out of treatment, such as living alone, social vulnerability, and access to health services. Semarang, the capital city of Central Java has never achieved the national TB cure rate target. Semarang city had a cure rate of 63.336% per annum in part due to the increased treatment drop-out from 2.8% in 2015 to 4.5% in 2018. The increase of drop-out TB patients in Semarang causes the decreased of the cure rate each year. The study aimed to identify independent factors associated with drop-out among TB patients and to inform the design of programs that reduce drop-out rates in Semarang, Central Java, and across Indonesia. methods: A case-control study was conducted to identify factors associated with treatment drop-out among TB patients. The pilot study took place in Semarang city with case-control ratio of 1:2. The case consisted of drop-out patients in 2018, whose secondary data was identified from the health district office, totaling 20 patients. Forty unmatched control patients were taken with purposive sampling technique with inclusion criteria: patients’ success treatment recorded in health centers of Semarang city area, lived in the metro area of drop-out patients and aged more than 15 years old. Results:Majority of patients in the case group has insufficient family support during their treatment course (95%) compared to the control group (45%). Inadequate DOT support was also found among the case group (80%), while the control group had less than 50%. More than half of the case group (55%) experienced a high amount of stigma Handayani et al (2021): Risk factors of drop-out among tuberculosis patients in Semarang Jan 2020 Vol. 24 Issue 01 Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021. 24157 during their treatment course. Anti-TB medications’ side effects appeared in the case group (70%) more than the control group (32.5%). In both groups, majority (case: 95%; control: 97.5%) resided close to the health facility (less than 3 km). Three variables were found to be significantly independent factors for the drop-out of TB patients. These three factors were family support (OR: 26.555 CI: 2.727-268.143), DOT or swallowing drug assistance support (OR: 5.687 CI: 1.261-25.644), and the experience of side effect of anti-TB medication (OR: 5.334 CI: 1.222-23.285). Conclusion: Family support is the key to success to minimize TB patients to drop out. Moreover, the experience of the side effect of anti-TB medication played five to six times higher to TB patients who are likely to drop-out the medication.
ALTERED THYROID PROFILE AND ITS CORRELATION TO THE SEVERITY AND SHORT TERM OUTCOME OF ACUTE STROKE

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developing countries, with complex pathophysiology owing to its multifactorial risk factors. The complex interrelationship between thyroid dysfunction and stroke is a domain of active research in the present era. The objective of the study is to assess the thyroid function test (TFT) [free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)] among the patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. This is prospective observational study that includes 109 acute ischemic stroke patients, aged more than 40 years. Blood samples were drawn at the time of admission before initiation of the treatment. Fasting blood sample were drawn for thyroid function test and fasting lipid profile. TSH with 63.64% sensitivity, 68.42% specificity predicted the severity of stroke at cutoff value ≤3.24 with statistical significance (p 0.0239). From the study, Serum fT3 is an independent predictor of severity and prognosticator of poor outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Among the acute severe ischemic stroke subjects, Non Thyroidal Illness Syndrome is the most common presentation.
Evolution of mean ocean temperature in Marine Isotope Stages 5-4

Abstract. Deglaciations are characterized by relatively fast and near-synchronous changes in ice sheet volume, ocean temperature, and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, but glacial inceptions occur more gradually. Understanding the evolution of ice sheet, ocean, and atmospheric conditions from interglacial to glacial maximum provides important insight into the interplay of these components of our climate system. Using noble gas measurements in ancient ice samples, we reconstruct mean ocean temperature (MOT) from 74 to 59.5 ka BP, covering the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5-4 boundary, MIS 4, and part of the MIS 4-3 transition. Comparing this MOT reconstruction to previously published MOT reconstructions from the last glacial cycle, we find that the majority of interglacial-glacial ocean cooling occurred across MIS 5, and MOT reached full glacial levels by MIS 4 (−2.7 ± 0.3 °C relative to the Holocene). Comparing MOT to contemporaneous records of CO2 and benthic 𝛿18O, we find that ocean cooling and the solubility pump can explain most of the CO2 drawdown and increase in 𝛿18O across MIS 5. The timing of ocean warming and cooling in our record indicates that millennial scale climate variability plays a crucial role in setting mean ocean temperature during this interval, as seen during other periods, such as the last deglaciation.
Modification of PEDOT:PSS As Hole Injection Layer in Polymer LEDs

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulphonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) is commonly used as an anode in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLED). We have studied the effect of the pH and Na+ ion concentration of the aqueous PEDOT:PSS dispersion on the bulk and surface properties of spincoated films by various techniques, including UV-vis-NIR optical absorbance spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectroscopy (UPS). A pH increase by addition of NaOH modifies the PEDOT:PSS properties in a similar way as electrochemical dedoping: the IR absorbance decreases, the Raman peaks shift, sharpen and increase in intensity, and the work function decreases. Consequently, a barrier for hole injection is introduced for several classes of light-emitting polymers. We argue that the mechanism of the pH-effect is different from electrochemical dedoping, and originates from a change in the relative stability of polarons and bipolarons on the doped thiophene. The changes in the electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS point to the determining role of the counter-ion in the stabilisation of oxidised thiophene units. Polymer LEDs comprising Na+-rich, proton poor PEDOT:PSS can show lower lifetime and efficiency than the corresponding Na+-free, proton-rich devices. For light emitting polymers which suffer from the addition of sodium to the hole injecting PEDOT:PSS, the decreased lifetime hints at hole injection as limiting factor in the degradation of these PLEDs. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Convergence and Optimality of Policy Gradient for Markov Coherent Risk

In order to model risk aversion in reinforcement learning, an emerging line of research adapts familiar algorithms to optimize coherent risk functionals, a class that includes conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). Because optimizing the coherent risk is difficult in Markov decision processes, recent work tends to focus on the Markov coherent risk (MCR), a time-consistent surrogate. While, policy gradient (PG) updates have been derived for this objective, it remains unclear (i) whether PG finds a global optimum for MCR; (ii) how to estimate the gradient in a tractable manner. In this paper, we demonstrate that, in general, MCR objectives (unlike the expected return) are not gradient dominated and that stationary points are not, in general, guaranteed to be globally optimal. Moreover, we present a tight upper bound on the suboptimality of the learned policy, characterizing its dependence on the nonlinearity of the objective and the degree of risk aversion. Addressing (ii), we propose a practical implementation of PG that uses state distribution reweighting to overcome previous limitations. Through experiments, we demonstrate that when the optimality gap is small, PG can learn risk-sensitive policies. However, we find that instances with large suboptimality gaps are abundant and easy to construct, outlining an important challenge for future research.
External morphology of Sacculina leptodiae (Sacculinidae: Rhizocephala) parasitizing the xanthid crab, Leptodius exaratus (Xanthidae: Brachyura) from the coasts of the Red Sea, Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, Egypt

Certain members of crustaceans have become so modified for parasitism as to be superficially unrecognizable as crustaceans (Schmidt & Roberts, 1977). Members of superorder Rhizocephala, which is among the most familiar order of class Cirripedia (Crustacea), are highly specialized parasites of decapod malacostracans (Highnam and ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: Jan. 6, 2021 Accepted: Jan. 18, 2021 Online: Jan. 22, 2021 _______________
Effects of different salt concentrations on the quality alterations and shelf-life of the grey mullet fish

Fish salting is considered one of the most common, oldest preservation and processing fish methods due to its part in decreasing water activity and inhibiting bacterial growth (Clucas & Ward, 1996). Furthermore, those methods are not only easy and simple to apply, as cheap raw materials are needed, but easy to access and readily available as well by which preserving fish from autolytic decomposition is attainable. At low salt concentrations, due to high water-protein interaction (maximum water holding capacity), maximum muscle swelling occurs, but at higher salt concentrations, the proteins may have strong protein-protein bonds, resulting in dehydration and promote fat oxidation (Jittinandana et al., 2002; Ghaly et al., 2010; Guizani et al., 2014 and Chen ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: Dec. 5, 2020 Accepted: Jan. 21, 2021 Online: Feb.8, 2021 _______________
Cross-Layer Design Space Exploration of NVM-based Caches for Deep Learning

Over the last decade, the performance boost achieved through CMOS scaling has plateaued, necessitating sophisticated computer architecture solutions to gain higher performance in computing systems while maintaining a feasible power density. These objectives, however, are concurrently challenged by the limitations of the performance of memory resources [1]. In contrast to the initial insight of Dennard on power density [2], deep CMOS scaling has exacerbated static power consumption, causing the heat density of ICs to reach catastrophic levels unless properly addressed [3]. As computers suffer from memory and power related limitations, the demand for data-intensive applications has been on the rise. With the increasing data deluge and recent improvements in GPU architectures, deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in various tasks such as image recognition and object detection by utilizing inherent massive parallelism of GPU platforms. However, DNN workloads continue to have large memory footprints and significant computational requirements to achieve higher accuracy. Thus, DNN workloads exacerbate the memory bottleneck which degrades the overall performance of the system. To this end, while deep learning (DL) practitioners focus on model compression techniques [4], system architects investigate GPU architectures to overcome the memory bottleneck problem and improve the overall system performance [5]. We note the current trend of GPU architectures is towards increasing last-level cache capacity. Our analysis shows that conventional SRAM technology incurs scalability problems as far as power, performance, and area (PPA) is concerned [6]. Nonvolatile memory (NVM) technology is one of the most promising solutions to tackle memory bottleneck problem for data-intensive applications. However, because much of emerging NVM technology is not available for commercial use, there is an obvious need for a framework to perform design space exploration for these emerging NVM technologies for DL workloads. In this work, we present DeepNVM++ [7], an extended and improved framework [8] to characterize, model, and optimize NVMbased caches in GPU architectures for deep learning workloads. Without loss of generality, we demonstrate our framework for spintransfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) and spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM), keeping in mind that it can be used for any NVM technology, GPU platform, or deep learning workload. Our cross-layer analysis framework incorporates both circuit-level characterization aspects and the memory behavior of various DL workloads running on an actual GPU platform. DeepNVM++ enables the evaluation of power, performance, and area of NVMs when used for last-level (L2) caches in GPUs and seeks to exploit the benefits of this emerging technology to improve the performance of deep learning applications. We present both iso-capacity and iso-area performance and energy analysis for systems whose last-level caches rely on conventional Fig. 1: Overview of the cross-layer analysis flow
The Effects of Free Primary Education on Occupational Choice and Internal Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper studies the relationship between education, occupational choice and regional migration in SubSaharan Africa. I assemble micro-data from household surveys and micro-censuses and use a differences-indifferences approach to evaluate the effects of the Free Primary Education reforms on individuals’ education levels, choices of occupation and migration decisions in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. The findings suggest that the reforms caused significant improvements in educational attainment in terms of primary school completion rates and average years of schooling. In all but one country (Ethiopia), the reforms also led a significant proportion of individuals to shift away from agriculture as their main occupation. Significantly positive effects of the reforms on internal migration support the hypothesis that regional mobility may be an important channel for occupational change in these countries. The results also suggest heterogeneity in the effects of the reforms, which are significantly larger for women than men in all countries except for Nigeria.