Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetically encoded intrabody sensors report the interaction and trafficking of β-arrestin 1 upon activation of G-protein–coupled receptors

Agonist stimulation of G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) typically leads to phosphorylation of GPCRs and binding to multifunctional proteins called β-arrestins (βarrs). The GPCR–βarr interaction critically contributes to GPCR desensitization, endocytosis, and downstream signaling, and GPCR–βarr complex formation can be used as a generic readout of GPCR and βarr activation. Although several methods are currently available to monitor GPCR–βarr interactions, additional sensors to visualize them may expand the toolbox and complement existing methods. We have previously described antibody fragments (FABs) that recognize activated βarr1 upon its interaction with the vasopressin V2 receptor C-terminal phosphopeptide (V2Rpp). Here, we demonstrate that these FABs efficiently report the formation of a GPCR–βarr1 complex for a broad set of chimeric GPCRs harboring the V2R C terminus. We adapted these FABs to an intrabody format by converting them to single-chain variable fragments and used them to monitor the localization and trafficking of βarr1 in live cells. We observed that upon agonist simulation of cells expressing chimeric GPCRs, these intrabodies first translocate to the cell surface, followed by trafficking into intracellular vesicles. The translocation pattern of intrabodies mirrored that of βarr1, and the intrabodies co-localized with βarr1 at the cell surface and in intracellular vesicles. Interestingly, we discovered that intrabody sensors can also report βarr1 recruitment and trafficking for several unmodified GPCRs. Our characterization of intrabody sensors for βarr1 recruitment and trafficking expands currently available approaches to visualize GPCR–βarr1 binding, which may help decipher additional aspects of GPCR signaling and regulation.
Reproductive behaviour of Libellago semiopaca on a Bornean rainforest stream (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae)

Abstract The reproductive behaviour of Libellago semiopaca was studied on a swift-flowing shallow forest stream in Brunei. Females oviposited just below the water-line, commonly in groups, only on large, firm-textured, semi-submerged logs, usually guarded by males. Both sexes were very sedentary. Suitable sites, with good illumination and deep deposits of fine gravel and leaf mulch in dead water immediately behind the log were scarce. When stream levels were high, no oviposition sites were available. When possible, females generally oviposited every day, arriving between 10:00 and 15:00 h, and usually remaining on site for at least two hours. Males arrived earlier, between 09:00 and 13:00 h, and established small territories along the log. Females apparently began reproductive activity only when all oocytes were mature, and the egg load diminished daily as eggs were laid. Most matings occurred before 12:00 h with early-arriving females. Females mated every 2-3 days, probably to replenish sperm supplies. Male density was at its highest after 11:00 h and males shared territories, spending much of their time flying in low intensity confronting contests. Removal of males from a site, just as it was becoming available by falling water levels, resulted in little use of the site by females. Pinning decoy dead females at a good oviposition site failed to attract females if males had been removed. It is suggested that the prolonged male agonistic display attracts females to the site, and possibly commits them to future matings with the territory holders.
Effect of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes produced by solid-state fermentation on greige linen fabric

Solid state fermentation (SSF) was applied for production of fungal enzyme preparations from Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus giganteus and Trichoderma virens using cotton seed-coat fragment waste as a carbon source and enzyme inducer. Lignin-holocellulose matrix of cotton seed coat fragment proved to be effective in inducing production of ligninolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes in solid-state fermentation. The effect of the enzymes produced by SSF on greige linen fabric is discussed and evaluated. In the first experiment the hydrolytic and accompanying oxidative enzymes in the buffer extract of the whole SSF cultures were used for fabric treatment. In the second trial, the enzymes produced in situ (whole SSF material—mixture of fungal biomass, residual substrate and enzymes) were used for the treatment. Weight loss, reducing sugar liberation and removal of colouring materials were measured. The results showed that at equal enzyme charges the intact SSF materials were more efficient than the enzyme extracts. Of the six strains evaluated, Ph. chrysosporium VKM F-1767 was the most effective in removing colouring matters from greige linen fabric.
The exosome encapsulated microRNAs as circulating diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma with low alpha‐fetoprotein

Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging to clinicians, particularly in a patient with low alpha‐fetoprotein. Here, in silico, ex vivo and in vitro data were combined to identify liver‐specific exosomal miRNAs as an early diagnostic marker for HCC. Transcriptome profiling for mRNA and small RNA in same HCV‐HCC and normal liver tissues followed by cross‐validation of 41 deregulated miRNAs (log2FoldChange > 1.5, Padj < .1) with GEO/TCGA datasets of HCV/HBV related HCC vs normal/adjacent tissue revealed three miRNAs were commonly deregulated (miR‐10b/miR‐21/miR‐182) among all HCC irrespective of viral etiology. Targets of top deregulated miRNAs were identified by TargetScan/miRwalk and validated in mRNA transcriptome data followed by Panther/Gene Ontology enrichment/Cytoscape analysis suggested that targets were mostly from carcinogenesis pathways. Hence, those miRNAs were validated in normal and HCV‐HCC tissues by qRT‐PCR and subsequently in plasma‐derived‐exosomes of both HBV/HCV infected non‐HCC (chronic hepatitis [CH]/liver cirrhosis [LC]) and HCC samples, and in liver‐specific Anti‐Asgr2 immuno‐enriched exosomes. Exosomes were verified using Nanosight/TEM/immune‐blotting with anti‐Alix/anti‐GRP78/anti‐Asgr2. Along with miR‐21‐5p, miR‐10b‐5p/miR‐221‐3p/miR‐223‐3p was found significantly upregulated in the exosome of HCC patients than CH/non‐HCC. The comparable expression pattern was seen in anti‐Asgr2 immuno‐precipitated exosomes. Interestingly, the AFP level was found below 250 ng/mL in about 94% of HCV‐HCC and 62% of HBV‐HCC patients. ROC analysis showed that miR‐10b‐5p + miR‐221‐3p + miR‐223‐3p + miR‐21‐5p could differentiate CH/non‐HCC(CH + LC) from HCC with AUROC: 0.86 (97.5% CI: 0.77‐0.94)/0.80 (97.5% CI: 0.70‐0.89), sensitivity: 74%/58% and specificity: 86%/95% while miR‐10b‐5p + miR‐221‐3p + miR‐223‐3p showed AUROC: 0.84 (97.5% CI: 0.74‐0.94)/0.74 (97.5% CI: 0.63‐0.84), sensitivity: 86%/86% and specificity:66%/53% for low AFP‐HCC vs CH/non‐HCC, respectively, having better sensitivity than the combination of four miRNAs. Multivariate analysis further revealed low Albumin and high miR‐21‐5p as probable independent risk factor for HCC.
Of mice and habitats: tests for density-dependent habitat selection

Stable URL:http://links.jstor.org/sici? sici=0030-1299%28199402%2969%3A1%3C107%3AOMAHTF%3E2.0. CO%3B2-2Oikos is currently published by Nordic Society Oikos.Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available athttp://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtainedprior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content inthe JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use.Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained athttp://www.jstor.org/journals/oikos.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printedpage of such transmission.The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academicjournals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers,and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community takeadvantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.orgTue Jul 17 16:34:31 2007
EUREKA algorithm predicts obstetric risk and response to treatment in women with different subsets of anti-phospholipid antibodies.

OBJECTIVES aPL, the serum biomarkers of APS, are the most common acquired causes of pregnancy morbidity (PM). This study investigates the impact of aPL positivity fulfilling classification criteria ('criteria aPL') and at titres lower than thresholds considered by classification criteria ('low-titre aPL') on PM and assesses the effectiveness of low-dose aspirin (LDASA), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and HCQ in reducing the probability of PM (PPM). METHODS Longitudinal data on 847 pregnancies in 155 women with persistent aPL at any titre and 226 women with autoimmune diseases and negative aPL were retrospectively collected. A generalized estimating equations model for repeated measures was applied to quantify PPM under different clinical situations. RESULTS EUREKA is a novel algorithm that accurately predicts the risk of aPL-associated PM by considering aPL titres and profiles. aPL significantly impact PPM when at low titres and when fulfilling classification criteria. PPM was further stratified upon the aPL tests: aCL IgG/IgM and anti-β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) IgM, alone or combined, do not affect the basal risks of PPM, an increase occurs in case of positive LA or anti-β2GPI IgG. LDASA significantly affects PPM exclusively in women with low-titre aPL without anti-β2GPI IgG. The LDASA + LMWH combination significantly reduces PPM in all women with low-titre aPL and women with criteria aPL, except those carrying LA and anti-β2GPI IgG. In this group, the addition of HCQ further reduces PPM, although not significantly. CONCLUSION EUREKA allows a tailored therapeutic approach, impacting everyday clinical management of aPL-positive pregnant women.
Evaluation of dermatology consultations in the era of COVID‐19

It has been reported that dermatology practices may be a vector for SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission and elective cases should be postponed during the pandemic period. In this context, studies on the change of patient profile in Dermatology outpatient clinic have been conducted. However, there was no study in the literature about dermatology consultations during the pandemic period. One hundred and forty‐seven dermatology consultation cases in the era of COVID‐19 pandemic between March 11, 2020 and May 4, 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty‐four patients (16.3%) had suspicion and signs of COVID during consultation (fever, cough, shortness of breath, etc.). Nine (37.5%) of these patients also had accompanying COVID‐19 skin lesions (two urticarial lesions, two livedo and necrosis, two maculopapular eruption, two vesicular rashes, one pseudo‐chilblain). The number of cases that were suspected to have COVID‐19 was statistically significantly higher in consultations requested by the emergency department and intensive care unit, while there were no suspected cases in outpatient clinic consultations (P = .001). Two (1.4%) of these patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19 confirmed by PCR within 2 weeks. We acknowledge that daily practice changes frequently during this period, but still our study provides a perspective to other dermatology clinics in terms of the requested dermatology consultations during the pandemic.
Costs of Providing HIV Self-Test Kits to Pregnant Women Living with HIV for Secondary Distribution to Male Partners in Uganda

Background: Secondary distribution of HIV self-testing kits (HIVST) to pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics to give to their male partners is a promising strategy to increase testing coverage among men, but its costs are unknown. Methods: We conducted micro-costing of a trial evaluating secondary distribution of HIVST on pregnant women living with HIV (PWLHIV) in an ANC in Kampala, Uganda. Costs (2019 USD) were collected from program budgets, expenditure records, time and motion observations, and staff interviews and estimated for three scenarios: as-studied, reflecting full costs of the research intervention, Ministry of Health (MOH) implementation, reflecting the research intervention if implemented by the MOH, and MOH roll-out, the current strategy being used to roll out HIVST distribution. Results: In the as-studied scenario, cost of HIVST provision was $13.96/PWLHIV reached, and $11.89 and $10.55 per HIV-positive and HIV-negative male partner, respectively, who linked to a clinic for facility-based testing. In the MOH implementation scenario, costs were $9.45/PWLHIV, and $7.87 and $6.99, respectively, per HIV-positive and HIV-negative male partner linking to the clinic. In the MOH roll-out scenario, the cost of HIVST provision to pregnant women regardless of HIV status was $3.70/woman, and $6.65/HIV-positive male partner. Conclusion: Secondary distribution of HIVST from pregnant women can be implemented at reasonable cost to increase testing among men in Uganda and similar settings in Africa.
Inactivation of Trypsin Inhibitor Activity from Brazilian Varieties of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) of five varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) namely, Carioca, Branco, Vermelho, Preto and Jalo, was investigated. No significant differences of TIA among varieties of raw beans were observed (P > 0.05). Pressure-cooking (121°C and 141 kPa) for 15 min resulted in complete inactivation of TIA. On cooking beans in water bath (90°C, 15 min), the TIA was inactivated between 80% and 95%, while total inactivation was achieved after 40 min suggesting the possibility of two-step inactivation kinetics. Microwave treatment was very effective for inactivation of this antinutritional factor (97% to 100% of inactivation) in the first 15 min of treatment. A 22 factorial design was developed to evaluate the effect of temperature and duration of thermal treatment for loss of TIA. As interdependence between temperature and time was evident, it is envisaged that both are important to process the beans to knock off TIA.
Isolation of conglutin δ, a sulphur-rich protein from the seeds of Lupinus angustifolius L.

Although a 2S globulin class has been observed in salt extracts from seeds of several lupin species, there have been conflicting reports regarding the importance of this class in Lupinus angustifolius. Conglutin δ, a major sulphur-rich protein extracted from mature seeds of L. angustifolius cv. Uniwhite, was separated by gel-filtration into two oligomeric forms. The sedimentation coefficients of conglutin δ1 (20%) and conglutin δ2 (80%), were 3.2S and 2.0S respectively. The amino acid compositions of both oligomeric forms of conglutin δ were identical and similar to the compositions published for the 2S globulins in other lupin species. Because of the low level of tyrosine and the absence of tryptophan, conglutins δ1 and δ2 showed little absorbance at 280nm (E1%/1 cm−23). They were characterised by unusually high levels of glutamic acid and 1/2 cysteine (38.5 and 8.5 residues percent respectively) while methionine was absent. Gradient SDS-PAGE showed that conglutins δ1 and δ2 were homogeneous single-subunit species. On reduction, with or without S-carboxymethylation, both the conglutin δ1 and δ2 subunits yielded similar pairs of large and small polypeptide chains. Since conglutin δ rarely resolves from conglutin a during electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes in phosphate buffer at neutral pH, this method is not as useful for screening lupin cultivars as has been claimed previously.
New plant disease record in New Zealand: Fig rust (Cerotelium fici) on Ficus carica

Abstract Fig rust (Cerotelium fici (E. Butler) Arthur), previously unreported in New Zealand, was found in early February 1986 to be causing premature leaf fall of fig trees (Ficus carica L.) in Auckland. The disease and fungus are described, together with notes on distribution, infection and spread, and disease control.
Isolation of microsatellite loci in green abalone (Haliotis fulgens) and cross‐species amplification in two other North American red (Haliotis rufescens) and pink (Haliotis corrugata) abalones

Microsatellite loci were isolated in Haliotis fulgens using a (CT) n enriched-genomic library. From 33 sequenced clones, 21 microsatellites regions were identified, 15 with the expected (CT) n . Eight microsatellite loci were amplified, six of which were polymorphic with a range of three to 20 alleles, and five cross-amplified in two other species ( Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis corrugata ). These microsatellites will be useful as population genetic markers in the three species.
The effects of mono-unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the diet on milk-fat secretion in the cow

Summary The effects of the addition of either 5 or 10% ‘oleic acid’ (78% pure) or 10% of a mixture of saturated fatty acids (64% palmitic acid, 31% stearic acid) to the dietary concentrate mixture on the yield and composition of the milk and milk fat and on the pattern of fermentation in the rumen were investigated in a feeding experiment with 8 cows in mid-lactation. The concentrate mixtures were given with a high-roughage diet that supplied 9·1 kg of hay/day. The addition of 5% ‘oleic acid’ to the concentrate mixture resulted in increased yields of milk and solids-not-fat (SNF); the percentage of fat in the milk was decreased but the yield of milk fat was unaltered. The addition of 10% ‘oleic acid’ to the concentrate mixture decreased both the yield and percentage of fat in the milk. In contrast, the concentrate mixture containing 10% of the mixture of saturated fatty acids increased the yield of milk fat. When the concentrate mixture containing 5% ‘oleic acid’ was given to the cows, the yields and percentages of the fatty acids from 4:0 to 16:0 (except 12:0) in the milk fat were decreased, but the yields and percentages of 18:0 and 18:1 were increased. Similar but more pronounced effects on the yields and percentages of the fatty acids from 4:0 to 16:0 (except 12:0) in the milk fat were observed when the cows were given the concentrate mixture containing 10% ‘oleic acid’, but under these dietary conditions the yield and percentage of only 18:1 in the milk fat were increased. The addition of the mixture of saturated fatty acids to the concentrate mixture decreased the percentages of the fatty acids from 4:0 to 14:0 (except 12:0) in the milk fat but decreased the yields of only 10:0 and 14:0; the yields and percentages of 16:0 and 18:1 were increased. When the cows were given the concentrate mixture containing 5% ‘oleic acid’ there was a small but significant decrease in the acetic acid:propionic acid ratio in the rumen liquor. A similar but more pronounced change in the acetic acid:propionic acid ratio in the rumen liquor was observed when the cows were given the concentrate mixture containing 10% ‘oleic acid’, but in this instance there was a significant reduction in the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen liquor. Apart from a small increase in the relative proportion of propionic acid, the addition of the mixture of saturated fatty acids to the concentrate mixture had no effect on the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen liquor.
Multiple object-tracking isolates feedback-specific load in attention and learning

Feedback is beneficial for learning. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether (i) feedback draws attentional resources when integrated and (ii) the benefits of feedback for learning can be demonstrated using an attention-based task. We therefore (i) isolated feedback-specific load from task-specific load via individual differences in attention resource capacity and (ii) examined the effect of trial-by-trial feedback (i.e., present vs. absent) on learning a multiple object-tracking (MOT) paradigm. We chose MOT because it is a robust measure of attention resource capacity. In Study 1 participants tracked one (i.e., lowest attentional load condition) through four target items (i.e., highest load condition) among eight total items. One group (n = 32) received trial-by-trial feedback whereas the other group (n = 32) did not. The absence of feedback resulted in better MOT performance compared with the presence of feedback. Moreover, the difference in MOT capability between groups increased as the task-specific attentional load increased. These findings suggest that feedback integration requires attentional resources. Study 2 examined whether the absence (n = 19) or presence (n = 19) of feedback affects learning on the same MOT task across four testing days. When holding task-specific load constant, improvement in MOT was greater with feedback than without. Although this study is the first to isolate feedback-specific load in attention with MOT, more evidence is needed to demonstrate how the benefits of feedback translate to improvement on an attention-based task. These findings encourage future research to further explore the interaction between feedback, attention and learning.
Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration

Documented increases in global atmospheric CO2 concentration have stimulated interest in the direct effects of CO2 on plant growth and yield as well as the interactive effects of CO2 with other major climatic variables. This study was conducted to determine the effects and interactions of CO2 cocentration and air temperature on the development, growth, total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC), and final seed yield of soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr. , cv. Bragg] grown season-long in naturally lit, controlled-environment chambers. Day/night air temperatures of 26/19, 31/24, and 36/29 degrees C were maintained in CO2 treatments of 330 and 660 micromole CO2 mol-1 air. Both CO2 enrichment and increasing air temperature decreased main stem plastochron interval, while increasing air temperature increased final main stem node number. Leaf area and above-ground biomass increased with CO2 enrichment and with temperature from 26/19 degrees C to 31/24 degrees C. The nonlinear increase with temperature in leaf area, aboveground biomass, and plastochron interval was attributed to the highest temperature treatment being near or above the optimum for soybean growth and development. Seed yield increased with CO2 enrichment due mainly to an increase in seed number rather than weight per seed. Individual seed weight decreased, while seed number increased with increasing temperature. Leaflet TNC displayed large diurnal variations, while stem TNC was relatively stable throughout the day. Stem TNC was less affected by CO2 than by temperature treatment and decreased with increasing temperature. These results indicate that the response of soybean to elevated CO2 concentration is highly temperature dependent.