Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BLUE-WINGED WARBLERS (VERMIVORA PINUS) VERSUS GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERS (V. CHRYSOPTERA)

HYBRID ZONES OFFER opportunities to study genetic and social architectures of speciation and biological diversification (Harrison 1993, Gill 1998). But hybrid zones vary greatly. Some may be bounded zones of hybrid superiority (Moore and Price 1993). Some shift location in response to asymmetries of selection or dispersal. Some are old and narrow continuing sinks of hybrid inferiority. Still others are new contacts in the early test phases of genetic and social confrontation that may be resolved through natural selection. Mosaic hybrid zones are perhaps the most interesting and challenging of all speciation research opportunities. These are less "zones" than they are geographic arrays of local interactions between the same two species. The extent, pace, and pattern of introgressive hybridization can vary among localities that differ in details of the history of the contact, the ecology of the interface, the degree of isolation by distance or dispersal, and the roulette of genetic recombination. One of the best-studied cases of mosaic hybridization involves not birds but Plethodon salamanders of the Appalachian Mountains (Highton and Peabody 2000). Two species in particular, P. jordani and P. glutinosus, hybridize to varying extents at different locations, showing variable levels of reproductive isolation that reflect different histories and trajectories of their genetic contacts, and the inclusion of cryptic new species. The classic case of mosaic hybridization in birds is that of Spotted Towhees (Pipilo maculatus) and Collared Towhees (P. ocai) in Mexico (Sibley 1954, Greenlaw 1996). The amount of introgressive hybridization and directions of gene flow differ among localities, including sympatric coexistence in Oaxaca without evidence of interbreeding. Most contacts are attributable to human alterations of habitat-some
Ion beam irradiation of ABO
 4
 compounds with the fergusonite, monazite, scheelite, and zircon structures

The effects of irradiation on CaWO 4 , SrWO 4 , BaWO 4 , YVO 4 , LaVO 4 , YNbO 4 , and LaNbO 4 were investigated on thin crystals using 1.0 MeV Kr ions at 50-1000 K. All of the ABO 4 compounds can be amorphized with cross sections ( σ a = 1/ F c 0 ) in the range of ~ 0.30-1.09 × 10 -14 cm 2 ion -1 at zero Kelvin. Analysis of fluence-temperature data returned critical temperatures for amorphization ( T c ) of 311 ± 1, 358 ± 90, 325 ± 19, 415 ± 17, 541 ± 6, 636 ± 26, and 1012 ± 1 K, respectively for the compounds listed above. Compared with previous in situ irradiation of ABO 4 orthophosphate samples using 0.8 MeV Kr ions, the T c values of LaVO 4 and YVO 4 are higher than those of LaPO 4 and YPO 4 by 82 K and 124 K, respectively. The T c values of the three scheelite structures, CaWO 4 , SrWO 4 , and BaWO 4 , indicate that they are the most radiation tolerant compounds under these conditions. The A-B cation anti-site energies, E f AB , determined by DFT range from 2.48 to 10.58 eV and are highly correlated with the A-B cation ionic radius ratio, r A / r B , but are not correlated with T c across the different structure types, suggesting that Frenkel defects play a more important role in damage recovery in these compounds. We also discuss the role of cation and anion charge/iconicity as determined by DFT. ABO 4 compounds with the zircon structure and B = P or V have a distinct advantage over those with B = Si as the damaged regions do not appear to be significantly affected by polymerization of (PO 4 ) 3- or (VO 4 ) 3- groups which might stabilize the amorphous fraction and ultimately lead to phase separation as observed in zircon (ZrSiO 4 ).
Influence of Landscape Composition and Change on Lesser Prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) Populations

Abstract Home ranges of lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) include up to several thousand ha of several habitat types that are concentrated around leks (traditional display grounds). A geographic information system (GIS) was used to relate changes in vegetation and land use to population trends of lesser prairie-chickens in Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico. We quantified changes in vegetation within 4.8 km of lesser prairie-chicken leks and examined relationships among those changes and long-term population trends based on the number of displaying males per lek. Five of 13 populations declined between 1959 and 1996. Landscapes in which populations of lesser prairie-chickens declined were characterized by greater rates of landscape change and greater loss of shrubland cover types than landscapes in which populations did not decline. Changes of specific cover types were not as important as the total amount of change occurring on landscapes. Conservation of lesser prairie-chickens should focus on stability of vegetation and land use and specifically attempt to maintain continuity of shrublands within 4.8 km of existing leks.
Experimental rodent and human models for balanced activity of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes and their protein products

The analogy of malignant rat insulinoma cells RIN-5F with human cervical carcinoma cells HeLa, both containing additional copy of tumor-suppressor gene SCGN and HACE1, respectively, was investigated. This necessity was connected with the observed in previous our studies lower phagocyte differentiation potential in vitro on the influence of both cell types, containing such a copy, in comparison with non-containing additional tumor-suppressor gene malignant cells. Similar analogy has been demonstrated in previous our investigations with normal mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), containing and non-containing additionally-inserted oncogene copy, with immortalized and non-immortalized normal human trophoblasts. For identification and quantification of proteins, able to connect specifically or non-specifically with peptide SCGN, protein material from E. coli bacteria strains, containing copy of gene for this peptide, inserted by transfection, was isolated and incubated in protein lysates from rat brain and pancreas, known as organs with the most active expression of this peptide. The so prepared protein fractions were subjected on label-free tandem massspectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay with subsequent computer processing. Suggested in our previous studies abilities of protein SCGN to connect with cytoskeleton elements were confirmed. On this base, a mechanism for indirect influence of this peptide on the control of cell growth and proliferation, has been proposed. Future studies are necessary in this direction.
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON SKULL-SIZE VARIATION IN MARMOSA ROBINSONI IN VENEZUELA

Abstract Craniometric characteristics of the mouse opossum, Marmosa robinsoni, in Venezuela were analyzed with respect to sex, climate, and macrohabitat. We assessed patterns of phenotypic variation by comparing 6 samples established on the basis of geographic and taxonomic criteria. For most parameters, males were larger than females, and there was geographic variation in skull size that was not related to geoclimatic factors but to the type of vegetation. Specimens inhabiting agricultural lands and disturbed forests were larger than those from cloud and gallery forests; the latter generally was associated with savannas. We suggest that large skull size is related to the higher productivity of secondary-growth vegetation in anthropogenic areas compared with mature forests. We conclude that the specimens studied should be considered as a single subspecies, which corresponds to M. r. robinsoni.
The relative importance of photodegradation and biodegradation of terrestrially derived dissolved organic carbon across four lakes of differing trophic status

Abstract. Outgassing of carbon dioxide (CO2) from freshwater ecosystems comprises 12 %–25 % of the total carbon flux from soils and bedrock. This CO2 is largely derived from both biodegradation and photodegradation of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) entering lakes from wetlands and soils in the watersheds of lakes. In spite of the significance of these two processes in regulating rates of CO2 outgassing, their relative importance remains poorly understood in lake ecosystems. In this study, we used groundwater from the watersheds of one subtropical and three temperate lakes of differing trophic status to simulate the effects of increases in terrestrial DOC from storm events. We assessed the relative importance of biodegradation and photodegradation in oxidizing DOC to CO2. We measured changes in DOC concentration, colored dissolved organic carbon (specific ultraviolet absorbance – SUVA320; spectral slope ratio – Sr), dissolved oxygen, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in short-term experiments from May–August 2016. In all lakes, photodegradation led to larger changes in DOC and DIC concentrations and optical characteristics than biodegradation. A descriptive discriminant analysis showed that, in brown-water lakes, photodegradation led to the largest declines in DOC concentration. In these brown-water systems, ∼ 30 % of the DOC was processed by sunlight, and a minimum of 1 % was photomineralized. In addition to documenting the importance of photodegradation in lakes, these results also highlight how lakes in the future may respond to changes in DOC inputs.
Densidad de siembra y crecimiento de maíces forrajeros

Plant density and growth of forage maize genotypes. A study was conducted to identify genotypes of maize with high forage potential. The fi rst experiment (E 1 ) was conducted from November 2007 to February 2008, evaluating the genotypes H-520, HE-1A17, HE-2A15, V-556AC, VS-536, A7573 and a native variety, at three densities (50000, 62500 and 83333 plants/ha) and with four replications. In a second experiment (E 2 ) (January to April 2009) the hybrids HE1A17 and 2A15 were excluded and H-564C was added. The treatments were the combination of genotypes and sowing densities, in a randomized block design. Analysis of variance for each experiment were conducted, and combined and comparison of means, by Tukey (P≤0.05). In the fi rst experiment, the native genotype, average of densities, had the highest plant height (E 1 =247, E 2 =216 cm), total leaf
Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, Odontophrynus moratoi : distribution extension and advertisement call

Field work was carried out between 1999-2002 at Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina (EEI; 22°12'53" S, 47°54'41" W; 720-750 m), municipalities of Itirapina and Brotas, state of Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil, where some individuals of O. moratoi were recorded. The Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente and Recursos Naturais Renovaveis (IBAMA) issued collection permits for the field work (02027.010426/99-21). The EEI is composed by well preserved natural Cerrado vegetation such as cerrado sensu stricto, campo cerrado, gallery forest, marshes, and mainly campo sujo and campo limpo (sensu Eiten 1972). Specimens of O. moratoi were recorded only in a campo sujo area near a gallery forest.
Laboratory Measurement of the Impulse Characteristics of Wet Sand

Electrical discharges occurring in the ground, commonly called soil ionization, may have a significant impact on the lightning impulse behavior of grounding systems causing a large reduction of the impulse ground impedance. The effects of soil ionization have not been fully clarified yet due to the dependence on excitation current characteristics, ground electrode configuration, as well as on soil characteristics and conditions. This study presents an experimental setup and measurement procedure for the investigation of the impulse behavior of soil. Experiments are performed on wet sand under lightning impulse voltages of negative polarity. Results are analyzed and discussed considering soil ionization inception, soil breakdown and impulse impedance. A preliminary attempt is made to develop a simulation model suitable for EMTP-type software so as to reproduce the temporal variation of the impulse impedance obtained through experiments.
Influences of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Cotton Planting on Population Dynamics of the Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, in Northern China

Abstract The influence of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) cotton on population dynamics of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, was investigated during 1999–2000 in northern China. The field experiments were conducted in plots of Bt cotton and conventional cotton that received no insecticide applications, and in plots of conventional cotton in which pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides were used regularly for control of Helicoverpa armigera. The results indicate that resistance of cotton aphids to majority of insecticides used for control of H. armigera, and lower densities of predators in late June and early July caused by insecticide use, causes population densities of cotton aphids to become significantly higher in plots of insecticide-treated conventional cotton than in Bt cotton plots. These results suggest that Bt cotton planting not only played an important role in the control of H. armigera, but also efficiently prevented cotton aphid resurgence in response to insecticide use.
Living better and feeling happier: An investigation into the association between housing quality and happiness

This study examines the relationship between housing quality and individuals’ subjective well‐being. Using data from the China Labor‐force Dynamic Survey (CLDS), results show that housing quality is associated positively with one’s overall happiness. Moreover, the results are robust to potential omitted variable bias. In addition, we determine that housing quality is more correlated with perceived happiness for local residents compared with migrants, who generally have lower levels of happiness. Mechanisms are provided through which the migrant population, which is generally less likely to reside in the current cities, cares less about living conditions than the local population. Policy implications for these findings are discussed.
College Student Concealment and Disclosure of Mental Health Issues in the Classroom: Students’ Perceptions of Risk and Use of Contextual Criteria

ABSTRACT Through an application of Communication Privacy Management Theory, this study examines students’ perceptions of risk and the criteria that influence student decisions to conceal or disclose mental health conditions to their college instructors. Participants included 228 college students who self-identified as struggling with depression or another mental health condition. The findings of the study indicate that the contextual criteria important reason is a significant predictor of student intention to disclose a mental health issue to instructors. In addition, students who had previously reported a mental health condition to an instructor perceived disclosure to be a higher risk than those who had never previously shared their mental health condition with an instructor. Implications of student disclosures of mental health conditions in the classroom and the impact of concealment or disclosure on student-instructor relationships are also discussed.
Decreased volume growth of Picea abies in response to Heterobasidion annosum infection

Les auteurs ont compare la croissance de paires d'epiceas communs (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) sains et infectes par Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. dans deux peuplements installes sur des terres qui avaient deja ete cultivees dans le sud de la Suede. La croissance en diametre a hauteur de poitrine, a 3 et 5 m, ainsi que la croissance en hauteur et en volume, ont ete reconstruites dans les deux peuplements sur respectivement 12 et 20 ans. Aucune reduction de croissance n'a ete detectee dans le premier peuplement ou le champignon etait present depuis 8 ans. Dans le deuxieme peuplement, ou H. annosum a probablement ete introduit lors de la premiere eclaircie il y a 17 ans, les arbres infectes avaient perdu 9,9 mm (5%) de croissance en diametre a hauteur de poitrine et 10% de croissance en volume pendant la periode de 20 ans. L'ajustement de courbes polynomiales orthogonales indiquait que les reductions de croissance augmentaient avec le temps chez les arbres infectes. Au cours des 5 dernieres annees, les pertes de croissance en diametre a hauteur de poitrine atteignaient en moyenne 20% tandis que la croissance en hauteur, le diametre a 5 m et le volume avaient respectivement subi une reduction de 25, 20 et 23%. L'impact de l'etendue de la carie sur la croissance des arbres a ete investigue mais aucune difference significative n'a ete observee. La position des arbres sains dans le peuplement a ete cartographiee et l'effet potentiellement different, selon que les arbres voisins etaient sains ou infectes, a ete investigue. L'etat de sante des arbres voisins ne semblait pas avoir d'effet sur la croissance des arbres sains.
Searching for Approval

We study the interaction of search and application approval in credit markets. We combine a unique dataset, which details search behavior for a large sample of mortgage borrowers, with loan application and rejection decisions. Our data reveal substantial dispersion in mortgage rates and search intensity, conditional on observables. However, in contrast to predictions of standard search models, we find a novel non-monotonic relationship between search and realized prices: borrowers, who search a lot, obtain more expensive mortgages than borrowers' with less frequent search. The evidence suggests that this occurs because lenders screen borrowers' creditworthiness, rejecting unworthy borrowers, which differentiates consumer credit markets from other search markets. Based on these insights, we build a model that combines search and screening in presence of asymmetric information. Risky borrowers internalize the probability that their application is rejected, and behave as if they had higher search costs. The model rationalizes the relationship between search, interest rates, defaults, and application rejections, and highlights the tight link between credit standards and pricing. We estimate the parameters of the model and study several counterfactuals. The model suggests that overpayment may be a poor proxy for consumer unsophistication since it partly represents rational search in presence of rejections. Moreover, the development of improved screening technologies from AI and big data (i.e., fintech lending) could endogenously lead to more severe adverse selection in credit markets. Finally, place based policies, such as the Community Reinvestment Act, may affect equilibrium prices through endogenous search responses rather than increased credit risk.
ANALISIS PENGARUH NON PERFORMING LOAN (NPL) TERHADAP RETURN ON EQUITY PADA KOPERASI WANITA (KOPWAN) KARTIKA SARI KOTA BIMA

This purpose of this research to know and analyze the effect of Non Performing Loan (NPL) to Return On Equity (ROE) on Koperasi Wanita (KOPWAN) Kartika Sari in Bima Town. The pupulation used is financial statement data which consists of working paper data, balanced sheets, and calculation of operating result for 23 years and researh samples for 5 years with the sampling used is purposive samping with the criteria (1) financial statement data available for 5 consecutive years according to 2014-2018 (2) the 5 years sample data already represent axisting population data for reseach needs. Data analysis techniques used are simple linear regression, simple correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination and hypothesis testing ( 2 party T test). Based on the resulth of the analysis showed that Non Performing Loan (NPL) affect the Return On Equity of Kartika Sari woman’s coorperatives in Bima town. This shows that Non Performing Loan have little effect on coorperative.
The Affective Intensities of Gender Transformative Work: An Actionable Framework for Facilitators Working with Boys and Young Men

Facilitating critical discussions with young men about issues of masculinity is not easy work. Gender transformative programs must engage with difficult conversations about issues such as heterosexism, homophobia, and masculine entitlement. The affective force of these issues tends to be downplayed in the pedagogic approaches within these programs, as does the complex facilitation skills required to engage boys and men in these difficult conversations. This paper draws on interview data gathered from a broader study that sought to identify new educative approaches to gender justice in four different sites in the United States. The data were generated through discussions with facilitators and researchers involved in the delivery and evaluation of a gender transformative program for disadvantaged boys and young men. The paper presents four stories that foreground concerns expressed in the interviews about facilitator bias and the feminist delivery of the program. These stories highlight the affective intensities involved in gender transformative work with young men. The paper brings together important work in the area of critical pedagogies, affect, and feminist theory to offer an actionable framework to support facilitators and participants to critically engage with the affective intensities of gender transformative work.
A Carcharodontosaurid tooth from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of South Korea

A large tooth of theropod dinosaur that was recovered from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous; Aptian-Albian) in Daedo island, Hadong Couty, South Gyeongsang Province of South Korea is redescribed. Although the tooth was misidentified as a "Prodeinodon"-like megalosaurid theropod at the first time, detailed comparisons with known theropod dentition anatomy strongly indicate that this tooth belongs to an Acrocanthosaurus-like basal carcharodontosaurid theropod. This referral is supported by its combination of large size, ovoid-shaped cervix outline, mesial carina that does not reach the cervix, labially displaced distal carina and large number of denticles. This tooth is different from other carcharodontosaurid teeth from the same formation in several anatomical aspects (e.g., smaller overall size, presence of transverse lines adjacent to the distal carina, presence of interdenticular sulci in distal carina, denticle densities, crown basal ratio), indicating that carcharodontosaurid diversity in the Early Cretaceous of Korea could have been higher, although these differences may represent positional or individual variations. The presence of Acrocanthosaurus-like theropod teeth (e.g., "Prodeinodon", "Wakinosaurus") from early Cretaceous deposits (Valanginian-Cenomanian) of South Korea, Japan, Mongolia and China indicates that North American Acrocanthosaurus atokensis possibly represents a form that immigrated from the Asia.
Does the quality of school instruction relate to the use of additional tutoring in science? Comparative analysis of five post-socialist countries

ABSTRACT In many countries, out-of-school tutoring in academic subjects has become a widespread phenomenon that affects high proportions of students. Scholarly literature has considered various determinants of participation in such tutoring, but school quality has as yet been rather neglected. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between the quality of school instruction and perceived learning environments on the one hand, and participation in additional instruction in science on the other. Using the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 dataset, we analysed data on five post-socialist countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia). By employing two-level logistic regression models, we estimated the probabilities of taking additional instruction in science in and outside of the school building. Different aspects of learning environments as perceived by students have a somewhat indirect influence, which is mediated through the students’ individual performance in science. Except in Bulgaria, school overall achievement is not related to taking additional tutoring.