Study the Impact of EDTA and Vitamin E Supplementation in Diet on Physiological , Biochemical and Histopathological Pictures of Broiler Chicks

A total number of 540 broiler chicks one week old were used in five weeks study to detect the effects of gradual levels of dietary EDTA disodium and vitamin E alone or in combination on performance, physiological, biochemical, histopatholgical, heavy metals and trace elements changes of broiler chicks. The basal broiler diet was supplemented with EDTA and vitamin E to compose 12 experimental diets, namely as follows: T1 (control), T2 (0.5g EDTA/kg feed), T3 (1.0g EDTA/kg feed), T4 (2.0g EDTA/kg feed), T5 (56mg Vit. E/kg feed), T6 (112mg Vit. E /kg feed), T7 (0.5g EDTA+ 56mg Vit. E/kg feed), T8 (0.5g EDTA+ 112mg Vit. E/kg feed), T9 (1g EDTA+ 56mg Vit. E /kg feed), T10 (1g EDTA+ 112mg Vit. E /kg feed), T11 (2g EDTA+ 56mg Vit. E /kg feed), T12 (2g EDTA+ 112mg Vit. E /kg feed). The obtained results indicated that addition of EDTA and Vit. E to broiler diets had no significantly effect on body weight and carcass characteristics. Results showed that groups (T9), (T2) and (T4) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved feed conversion ratio compared with the control group. There are no clear effects of EDTA and Vit. E on thermoregulation parameters. Muscle crude protein % was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased while, either extract % was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased by increasing the levels of EDTA, Vit. E and their combination in broiler diets compared with the control group. Serum ALT and AST activities increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) as EDTA levels increased alone or by combined high level of EDTA (T11 and T12) with Vit. E in the diets. While, ALT and AST activities decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) as Vit. E individual increased in the diet compared to the control group. AP activity showed significant (P≤ 0.05) a higher variation with the use of high level of EDTA alone (T3 and T4) or with high level of EDTA combined with Vit. E (T11 and T12) compared to the control group. Increase Vit. E level in broiler diet was significantly (P≤ 0.05) decreased the AP. Serum Chol and TG concentrations were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased with increasing EDTA and Vit. E levels either individual or in a combination in the broiler diets and both have synergistic effects to reduce the serum Chol and TG levels. Both of TP and Glob increased significantly as EDTA and Vit. E levels or their combinations increased in the broiler diet. Ca and P levels in breast muscles and serum were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased as EDTA levels increased in broiler diet or by integrated high level of EDTA with Vit. E. Na concentration in breast muscles was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased as EDTA levels increased in broiler diet or by combination of EDTA with Vit. E compared to the control group. However, K was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in breast muscles as EDTA level increased in the diets. This study showed that addition of EDTA and Vit. E individual or in a combination to diets of broiler chicks, reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the Pb and Cd levels in both of breast muscles and serum, helped to eliminate heavy metals from the bird bodies as compared to non treated birds. But Cu concentrations in breast muscles was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased as EDTA, Vit. E and their combination levels increased in the broiler diet. Results of histopathological examination indicated that the examined organs appear normal in treated chicks with 1g EDTA in addition to 0.5 g EDTA either alone or with 56 mg and 112 mgVit. E. Whereas, the treated chicks with high level of EDTA (2g) either alone or combined with 56 or 112 mg Vit. showed variable degree of damage in examined tissues including hemorrhage, vacuolization, congestion, focal necrosis, cell infiltration, edema, atrophy of lymphoid follicles and depletion as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. [Mohammed A. Al-Gamal, Abdelrahman, A. S, Gihan, H. Elsakkar, Arafa, M. M, and Abdelrafea A. El-Shafei. Study the Impact of EDTA and Vitamin E Supplementation in Diet on Physiological, Biochemical and Histopathological Pictures of Broiler Chicks. J Am Sci 2013;9(4):543-562]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 59