Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N -Methylacetamide Analog of Salvinorin A: A Highly Potent and Selective (cid:1) -Opioid Receptor Agonist with Oral Efficacy □ S

Several preclinical studies indicate that selective (cid:1) -opioid receptor (KOR) antagonists have antidepressant-like effects, whereas KOR agonists have opposite effects, suggesting that each might be useful in the treatment of mood abnormalities. Salvinorin A (salvA) is a valuable KOR agonist for further study due to its high potency and receptor selectivity. However, it has short lasting effects in vivo and limited oral bioavailability, probably due to acetate metabolism. We compared the in vitro receptor binding selectivity of salvA and four analogs contain-ing an ethyl ether (EE), isopropylamine (IPA), N -methylacet- amide (NMA), or N -methylpropionamide (NMP) at C-2. All compounds showed high binding affinity for the KOR ( K i (cid:1) 0.11–6.3 nM), although only salvA, EE, and NMA exhibited KOR selectivity. In a liver microsomal assay, salvA was least stable, whereas NMA and IPA displayed slower metabolic transforma- tions. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of salvA, NMA, and NMP dose-dependently elevated brain reward thresholds in the intracranial self-administration (ICSS) test, consistent with prodepressive-like KOR agonist effects. NMA and NMP were equipotent to salvA but displayed longer lasting effects (6- and 10-fold, respectively). A dose of salvA with prominent effects in the ICSS test after i.p. administration (2.0 mg/kg) was inactive after oral administration, whereas the same oral dose of NMA elevated ICSS thresholds. These studies suggest that, although salvA and NMA are similar in potency and selectivity as KOR agonists in vitro, NMA has improved stability and longer lasting actions that might make it more useful for studies of KOR agonist effects in animals and humans. cresyl violet staining to confirm electrode placements.
The wheat Lr67 gene from the Sugar Transport Protein 13 family confers 3 multipathogen resistance in barley

39 Fungal pathogens are a major constraint to global crop production; hence, plant genes 40 encoding pathogen resistance are important tools for combating disease. A few resistance 41 genes identified to date provide partial, durable resistance to multiple pathogens and the 42 wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) Lr67 hexose transporter variant (Lr67res) fits into this category. 43 Two amino acids differ between the wild-type and resistant alleles – G144R and V387L. 44 Exome sequence data from 267 barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) landraces and wild accessions was 45 screened and neither of the Lr67res mutations was detected. The barley orthologue of Lr67, 46 HvSTP13, was functionally characterised in yeast as a high affinity hexose transporter. The 47 G144R mutation was introduced into HvSTP13 and abolished glucose uptake, whereas the 48 V387L mutation reduced glucose uptake by ~50%. Glucose transport by HvSTP13 49 heterologously expressed in yeast was reduced when co-expressed with Lr67res . Stable 50 transgenic Lr67res barley lines exhibited seedling resistance to the barley-specific pathogens 51 Puccinia hordei and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei , which cause leaf rust and powdery 52 mildew, respectively. Barley plants expressing Lr67res exhibited early senescence and higher 53 pathogenesis-related ( PR ) gene expression. Unlike previous observations implicating 54 flavonoids in the resistance of transgenic sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) expressing Lr34res , 55 another wheat multipathogen resistance gene, barley flavonoids are unlikely to have a role in 56 Lr67res-mediated resistance. Similar to observations made in yeast, Lr67res reduced glucose 57 uptake in planta . These results confirm that the pathway by which Lr67res confers resistance 58 to fungal pathogens is conserved between wheat and barley. 59
A note on the unirationality of a moduli space of double covers

In this note we look at the moduli space of double covers of genus three curves, branched along 4 distinct points. This space was studied by Bardelli, Ciliberto and Verra in 1. It admits a dominating morphism to Siegel space. We show that there is a birational model of as a group quotient of a product of two Grassmannian varieties. This gives a proof of the unirationality of and hence a new proof for the unirationality of .
1 9 Assessment of mitral valve anatomy and geometry with 64-slice multi-slice computed tomography

Background: By providing detailed anatomical information, MSCT may give more insight into the underlying mechanisms of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the anatomy and the geometry of the mitral valve by using 64-slice multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). Methods: In 151 patients, including 67 patients with heart failure (HF) and 29 patients with moderate to severe FMR, 64-slice MSCT coronary angiography was performed. The anatomy of the subvalvular apparatus of the mitral valve was assessed, and mitral valve geometry, compris-ing the mitral valve tenting height and leafl et tethering, was evaluated at the anterolateral, central and posteromedial levels. Results: In the majority of patients, the anatomy of the subvalvular apparatus was highly variable due to multiple anatomic variations of the posterior papillary muscle: the anterior PM had a single insertion, whereas the posterior PM showed multiple heads and insertions (n=114, 83%). The assessment of mitral valve geometry demonstrated that HF patients with moderate to severe FMR had signifi cantly increased posterior leafl et angle and mitral valve tenting height at the central (44.4 ± 11.9º vs. 37.1 ± 9.0º, p=0.008; 6.6 ± 1.4 mm/m 2 vs. 5.3 ± 1.3 mm/ m 2 , p<0.0001, respectively) and posteromedial levels (35.9 ± 10.6º vs. 26.8 ± 10.1º, p=0.04; 5.4 ± 1.6 mm/m 2 vs. 4.1 ± 1.2 mm/m 2 , p<0.0001, respectively), as compared to HF patients without FMR. In addition, a more outward displacement of the PMs, refl ected by a higher mitral valve sphericity index, was observed in HF patients with FMR (1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3, p=0.004). Mitral valve tenting height at the central level and mitral valve sphericity posteromedial posterior commissure), of leafl et coaptation these results using 3-dimensional echocardiography in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. An asymmetrical deformation of the mitral valve, with a “funnel-shaped” deformity on the level close to the posterior commissure and a “prolapse-like” deformity on the anterolateral side, was noted in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, in contrast to patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (9). The present study confi rms these results and demonstrates that MSCT may of value for assessment of mitral valve remodeling in patients with FMR. MSCT detailed assessment of mitral valve anatomy and geometry. In patients with moderate to severe FMR, an asymmetrical remodeling of the mitral valve observed, with tethering of the mitral leafl ets at the central and posteromedial levels of the mitral valve. MSCT provides the anatomical and geometric analysis of the mitral valve apparatus and may of FMR.
Old World and Clade C New World Arenaviruses Mimic the Molecular Mechanism of Receptor Recognition Used by (cid:2) -Dystroglycan’s Host-Derived Ligands (cid:1)

(cid:1) -Dystroglycan (DG) is an important cellular receptor for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and also serves as the receptor for Old World arenaviruses Lassa fever virus (LFV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and clade C New World arenaviruses. In the host cell, (cid:1) -DG is subject to a remarkably complex pattern of O glycosylation that is crucial for its interactions with ECM proteins. Two of these unusual sugar modiﬁcations, protein O mannosylation and glycan modiﬁcations involving the putative glycosyltransferase LARGE, have recently been implicated in arenavirus binding. Considering the complexity of (cid:1) -DG O glycosylation, our present study was aimed at the identiﬁcation of the speciﬁc O-linked glycans on (cid:1) -DG that are recognized by arenaviruses. As previously shown for LCMV, we found that protein O mannosylation of (cid:1) -DG is crucial for the binding of arenaviruses of distinct phylogenetic origins, including LFV, Mobala virus, and clade C New World arenaviruses. In contrast to the highly conserved requirement for O mannosylation, more generic O glycans present on (cid:1) -DG are dispensable for arenavirus binding. Despite the critical role of O -mannosyl glycans for arenavirus binding under normal conditions, the overexpression of LARGE in cells deﬁcient in O mannosylation resulted in highly glycosylated (cid:1) -DG that was functional as a receptor for arenaviruses. Thus, modiﬁcations by LARGE but not O -mannosyl glycans themselves are most likely the crucial structures recognized by arenaviruses. Together, the data demonstrate that arenaviruses recognize the same highly conserved O-glycan structures on (cid:1) -DG involved in ECM protein binding, indicating a strikingly similar mechanism of receptor recognition by pathogen- and host-derived ligands.
The Impact of E- Learning in Developing Academic Skills and Social Interaction among Students with Learning Disabilities in Jordan from the Perspective of their Teachers

– The aim of this study is to identify the impact of e-Learning on the development of academic and social interaction skills among students with learning disabilities in Jordan from the perspective of their teachers. The study sample consisted of teachers of disabled students in Amman, Jordan, using the descriptive approach. The results showed that social interaction was on high level, and the academic skills were on the medium level among the second and the third grades from the teacher’s perspective. Also, the result showed that there are statistically significant differences in the social interaction according to the grade and the variance was in favor of the third grade.
Chromatic Adaptation in Marine Synechococcus Strains

Characterization of two genetically distinct groups of marine Synechococcus sp. strains shows that one, but not the other, increases its phycourobilin/phycoerythrobilin chromophore ratio when growing in blue light. This ability of at least some marine Synechococcus strains to chromatically adapt may help explain their greater abundance in particular ocean environments than cyanobacteria of the genus Prochlorococcus . The cyanobacterial community of the oceans is dominated by the small unicellular forms of the genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus . Prochlorococcus cells are often numerically dominant in highly oligotrophic ocean waters, while Synechococcus cells dominate in coastal waters, although the two are frequently found together (15). In some marine environments, such as the Sargasso Sea, the relative importance of each group changes seasonally, with Prochlorococcus strains dominant in the summer and Synechococcus strains dominant in the winter. It has been suggested that these two microorganisms compete for a similar ecological niche, such that the sum of the biomass of the two genera in the Sargasso Sea is relatively constant (3). We are only just beginning to understand the genetic diversity of marine cyanobacterial populations. In the California Current off the coast of California, seven or more genetically distinct groups of Synechococcus can be identiﬁed based on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase— rpoC1 —sequence data As an the physiological between these groups
Damage to the gastric epithelium activates cellular bicarbonate secretion via SLC26A9 Cl (cid:1) /HCO 3 (cid:1) exchange

Damage to the gastric epithelium activates cellular bicarbonate secretion via SLC26A9 Cl (cid:1) /HCO 3 (cid:1) exchange. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol surface pH (pH o ) transiently increases in response to focal epithelial damage. The sources of that increase, either from paracellular leakage of interstitial ﬂuid or transcellular acid/base ﬂuxes, have not been determined. Using in vivo microscopy approaches we measured pH o with Cl-NERF, tissue permeability with intravenous ﬂuorescent-dextrans to label interstitial ﬂuid (paracellular leakage), and gastric epithelial intracellular pH (pH i ) with SNARF-5F (cellular acid/base ﬂuxes). In response to two-photon photodamage, we found that cell-impermeant dyes en-tered damaged cells from luminal or tissue compartments, suggesting a possible slow transcellular, but not paracellular, route for increased permeability after damage. Regarding cytosolic acid/base status, we found that damaged cells acidiﬁed (6.63 (cid:2) 0.03) after photodamage, compared with healthy surface cells both near (7.12 (cid:2) 0.06) and far (7.07 (cid:2) 0.04) from damage ( P (cid:3) 0.05). This damaged cell acidiﬁcation was further attenuated with 20 (cid:4) M intravenous EIPA (6.34 (cid:2) 0.05, P (cid:3) 0.05) but unchanged by addition of 0.5 mM luminal H 2 DIDS (6.64 (cid:2) 0.08, P (cid:5) 0.05). Raising luminal pH did not realkalinize damaged cells, suggesting that the mechanism of acidiﬁcation is not attributable to leakiness to luminal protons. Inhibition of apical HCO 3 (cid:1) secretion with 0.5 mM luminal H 2 DIDS or genetic deletion of the solute-like carrier 26A9 (SLC26A9) Cl (cid:1) /HCO 3 (cid:1) exchanger blocked the pH o increase normally observed in control animals but did not compromise repair of damaged tissue. Addition of exogenous PGE 2 signiﬁcantly increased pH o in wild-type, but not SLC26A9 knockout, animals, suggesting that prostaglandin-stimu-lated HCO 3 (cid:1) secretion is fully mediated by SLC26A9. We conclude that cellular HCO 3 (cid:1) secretion, likely through SLC26A9, is the domi-nant mechanism whereby surface pH transiently increases in response to photodamage.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Genes and Pathways Associated with Metastasis in Breast Cancer

Background: Metastasis is the major cause of death in breast cancer patients. Although the strategies targeting metastasis have promoted survival, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. In this study, we used microarray data of primary breast tumor, tumor derived from bone and liver, and skin metastatic tissue, to identify the key genes and pathways that are involved in metastasis in breast cancer. Methods: We ﬁ rst calculated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between three metastatic tissues and primary tumor tissue, and then used it to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Further, we analyzed the correlation of genes enriched in GO terms and KEGG pathways with survival of breast cancer patients. To identify the key genes and pathways associated with metastasis, we overlapped the DEGs and KEGG pathways. In our in vitro experiments, we knocked down the key gene, ERLIN2 , and detected the PI3K expression in tumor cells to evaluate their effect on tumor metastasis. Results: We identi ﬁ ed six genes ( ALOX15, COL4A6, LMB13, MTAP, PLA2G4A, TAT ) that correlated with survival. Seven key genes ( SNRPN, ARNT2, HDGFRP3, ERO1LB, ERLIN2, YBX2, EBF4 ) and seven signaling pathways (metabolic pathways, phagosome pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, pancreatic secretion, human papillomavirus infection) associated with metastasis were also identi ﬁ ed. Our in vitro experiments revealed that ERLIN2 was highly expressed in MDA-MB231 cells compared to MCF-7 cells. Moreover, knockdown of ERLIN2 increased apoptosis, while inhibiting the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of breast cancer cells. The PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway was also found to be highly expressed in MDA-MB231 cells. Conclusion: Our results reveal the key genes and signaling pathways that contribute to metastasis, and highlight that strategic targeting of ENLIN2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways could inhibit metastasis of breast cancer.
The Internet of Things in the Swedish Hockey League

Background: Internet of Things is one of the most important areas of future technology and countless of industries are directing attention towards it. IoT has now started to appear in the sport industry. One sport that has not been investigated to the same extent within the terms of IoT is ice hockey. Problem Statement: Numerous teams in ice hockey have not yet realized the impact IoT may have on their team performance. With an absence in research on the use of IoT in the Swedish ice hockey industry, there is a knowledge gap on how Swedish ice hockey teams can grasp this opportunity and the main factors that affect their adoption. Research Purpose: IoT creates an opportunity for Swedish ice hockey teams to achieve a competitive advantage and thus a chance to gain new grounds in managing their teams. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate to what extent teams in the Swedish Hockey League are using IoT devices and explore the factors affecting the adoption process. Research Questions: To what extent are IoT devices used by teams in the Swedish Hockey League to increase teams’ performance? What main factors affect the adoption of IoT devices into teams in the Swedish Hockey League? Method: With an inductive approach, this qualitative research explores the IoT phenomenon in the context of ice hockey in SHL. With semi-structured interviews, this research gather data from the perspectives of seven SHL teams on IoT. By using a conventional content analysis, the data collected is categorized and divided into themes. Results: The use of IoT devices in SHL is low. The interest to adopt IoT devices is shared amongst many interview participants. When conducting the conventional content analysis on the data gathered from the interviews, certain themes became evident. The findings could be traced down to either their attitude, their competence within the field or their resources. Conclusion: The Internet of Things is changing the way professional sport teams are managed, coached, and led. The benefits that could be harvested from adopting IoT devices are undeniable, but there are several factors that facilitate a successful adoption. The culture and atmosphere in the organization, the skills and know-how, and the financial situation are all important parts of a successful adoption.
Revista Mexicana de I ngeniería Q uímica CONTENIDO E ﬀ ect of two pasteurization methods on the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of nance ( Byrsonima crassifolia ) pulp and their kinetics of loss during refrigerated storage

The aim of this work was to evaluate the e ﬀ ect of two pasteurization methods: Low Temperature Long Time (LTLT) carried out at 63 ± 2.0 ºC / 30 min and High Temperature Short Time (HTST) performed at 73 ± 2.0 ºC / 15 s on the physicochemical parameters, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of the treated pulp during the refrigeration storage (4 °C) of nance pulp. The material processed by LTLT presented the lowest decrement of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity (DPPH). Rates of losses of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS) were described by a ﬁrst order kinetics. The rate constants obtained were higher for HTST pulp, except for the antioxidant capacity determined by ABTS which was slightly higher for LTLT pulp. The t 1 / 2 values were, consequently, larger for LTLT pulp indicating a longer time for decreasing the concentration of the bioactive and the antioxidant capacity. Five main phenolic compounds were identiﬁed by HPLC: gallic, trans-ferulic and ca ﬀ eic acids, rutin, and quercetin and the observed increment of the intensity of quercetin peak for LTLT treated pulp could be due to the breakage of rutin. Both pasteurization methods reduced microbial loads to recommended standards and LTLT reduced it more pronouncedly. LTLT pasteurization could be recommended the best alternative for the pasteurization of this pulp.
Climate De ned but Not Soil-restricted: The Distribution of a Neotropical tree through Space and Time

Facundo Alvarez (  facualva87@gmail.com ) UNEMAT https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-9570 Paulo S Morandi UNEMAT: Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Ben Hur Marimon-Junior UNEMAT: Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Reginal Exavier Universidade Federal de São Paulo: Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Igor Araújo UNEMAT: Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Lucas H Mariano UNEMAT: Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Angelica Oliveira Muller UNEMAT: Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Ted R Feldpausch University of Exeter College of Life and Environmental Sciences Beatriz Schwantes Marimon UNEMAT: Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
University of Birmingham Regulation of germinal center B-cell differentiation

Summary: Germinal centers (GC) are the main sites where antigen-activated B-cell clones expand and undergo immunoglobulin gene hypermutation and selection. Iterations of this process will lead to afﬁnity maturation, replicating Darwinian evolution on the cellular level. GC B-cell selection can lead to four different outcomes: further expansion and evolution, apoptosis (non-selection), or output from the GC with differentiation into memory B cells or plasma cells. T-helper cells in GC have been shown to have a central role in regulating B-cell selection by sensing the density of major histocompatibility complex (MHC):peptide antigen complexes. Antigen is provided on follicular dendritic cells in the form of immune complex. Antibody on these immune complexes regulates antigen accessibility by shielding antigen from B-cell receptor access. Replacement of antibody on immune complexes by antibody generated from GC-derived plasma cell output will gradually reduce the availability of antigen. This antibody feedback can lead to a situation where a slow rise in selection stringency caused by a changing environment leads to directional evolution toward higher afﬁnity antibody.
P ROPERTIES OF O PEN C LUSTERS C ONTAINING B LUE S TRAGGLERS

: The presence of blue stragglers pose challenges to standard stellar evolution theory, in the sense that explaining their presence demands a complex interplay between stellar evolution and cluster dynamics. In the meantime, mass transfer in binary systems and stellar collisions are widely studied as a blue straggler formation channel. We explore properties of the Galactic open clusters where blue stragglers are found, in attempting to estimate the relative importance of these two favored processes, by comparing them with those resulting from open clusters in which blue stragglers are absent as of now. Unlike previous studies which require a sophisticated process in understanding the implication of the results, this approach is straightforward and has resulted in a supplementary supporting evidence for the current view on the blue straggler formation mechanism. Our main ﬁndings are as follows: (1) Open clusters in which blue stragglers are present have a broader distribution with respect to the Z-axis pointing towards the North Galactic Pole than those in which blue stragglers are absent. The probability that two distributions with respect to the Z-axis are drawn from the same distribution is 0.2%. (2) Average values of log 10 ( t ) of the clusters with blue stragglers and those without blue stragglers are 8 . 58 ± 0 . 232 and 7 . 52 ± 0 . 285, respectively. (3) The clusters with blue stragglers tend to be relatively redder than the others, and are distributed broader in colors. (4) The clusters with blue stragglers are likely brighter than those without blue stragglers. (5) Finally, blue stragglers seem to form in condensed clusters rather than simply dense clusters. Hence, we conclude that mass transfer in binaries seems to be a relatively important physical mechanism of the generation of blue stragglers in open clusters, provided they are suﬃciently old.