Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atomic hydrogen interaction with various graphite types

Abstract In present work an atomie hydrogen interaction with RG-Ti graphite and two types of pyrolytic graphite was studied using thermal desorption experiments. Contrary to molecular hydrogen interaction atomie hydrogen sorption by all investigated graphite types has similar features. Sorption of atoms grows rapidly for smali fluences and has saturation at a level about 1015 H2/cm2 for fluences above 1017 H0/cm2 On thermal desorption spectra two maximums were observed which may be related to hydrogen detrapping from traps with different binding energies. However some observed peculiarities in desorption process could not be described by detrapping only. Mathematical model has been proposed to describe these features. Rate constants of different elementary processes have been determined.
Co-circulation of all the four Dengue virus serotypes during 2018–2019: first report from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Dengue fever is an endemic disease in India, transmitted by an infected mosquito bite. In India, the number of concurrent infections and the circulation of multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes has increased in recent decades. Molecular surveillance among the DENV serotype is important to keep track of the circulating serotypes, evolutionary changes, and key mutations that can alter the diagnostics. The current study included patients admitted for dengue in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh (E-UP) region during 2018–2019. The genetic characterization of the circulating DENV was accomplished through partial CprM (511 bp) gene amplification via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of all four DENV1-4 serotypes. DENV-2 was the most abundant serotype (44%, 27/61), followed by DENV-3 (32%, 20/61). DENV-1 had a 16% (10/61) predominance, while DENV-4 (6%, 4/61) was found to be the least abundant serotype. DENV-2 genotypes were distributed among lineages I (7.4%), II (85%) and III (7.4%) of genotype IV, DENV-3 to lineage III of genotype III, DENV-1 to genotype III; DENV-2 to lineage B (75%) and C (25%) of genotype I. This primary report on the co-circulation of DENV1-4 serotypes from the E-UP region highlights the requirement of continuous molecular surveillance for monitoring circulating DENV serotypes.
BASE CHANGE FOR GL(2)

R. Langlands shows, in analogy with Artin's original treatment of one-dimensional p, that at least for tetrahedral p, L(s, p) is equal to the L-function L(s, ? ) attached to a cuspdidal automorphic representation of the group GL(2, /A), /A being the adele ring of the field, and L(s, ? ), whose definition is ultimately due to Hecke, is known to be entire. The main result, from which the existence of ? follows, is that it is always possible to transfer automorphic representations of GL(2) over one number field to representations over a cyclic extension of the field. The tools he employs here are the trace formula and harmonic analysis on the group GL(2) over a local field.
Invariant Foliations and Decoupling of Non-autonomous Difference Equations

In this paper, we continue a previous study of the geometric properties of a certain prototype system of nonautonomous difference equations. In fact, we show that by means of the fundamental theorem on the existence of invariant fiber bundles two foliations of the extended state space can be found. This detailed information about the geometric structure of the underlying system is then used to construct transformations establishing the topological equivalence between a given coupled and a completely uncoupled system.
Study on the statistic estimation of the horizontal illuminance from unobstructed sky

The standard value of the horizontal illuminace from unobstructed sky has not been yet established in Japan for the calculations of the daylighting and PSALI, though it is the most essential and fundamental for the energy conservation in the field of lighting design. A great deal of data on the horizontal illuminance from unobstructed sky have been gathered for several years by the authors when they tried to measure the luminance distribution of the sky under various conditions; the data cover not only almost whole seasons through a year and various times within a day, but also different meteorological conditions. Based upon those data, a proposal on the values of the horizontal illuminance from unobstructed sky at the selected standard point (35°N, 135°E) has been made by the statistical analysis and research investigations, following the values at Nagoya, related to the percentage of the available hours to many kinds of the designed working duration, such as 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. This proposal has been considered very reasonable and useful for the calculations of daylighting and its applications, so it has been extended to be applied in all over Japan. Furthermore the method developed by this research work and the results stated in this paper have convinced the authors of their world-wide applicability.
Numerical Study of an In-line Pre-Heating Treatment along the Axis on the Propagation of a Laminar Premixed Flame in a Channel

In this study, an in-line pre-heating effect on the propagation of a laminar premixed flame in a two-dimensional channel is investigated numerically. An in-line pre-heating thickness of 1mm is generated by imposing uniform external high-temperature along the center line in the prescribed channel. It is found that the shapes of flame and propagation speeds are strongly affected by the pre-heating effect. The distribution of velocity pointed to ahead of the propagating flame (called negative velocity hereafter) is clearly observed which is susceptible to the generation of the pair of vortex in ahead of the flame tip. The evolution of negative flow field in front of premixed flame is successfully captured first ever in a time-dependent manner. The obtained flame propagation accompanied with the aforementioned negative velocity field is not only useful to elucidate the laser induced flame instability reported recently by Tsuchimoto et al. (2007), but also to consider the pure thermal effect on flame evolution, which is hard to obtain experimentally.
On the convergence of particle methods for multidimensional Vlasov-Poisson systems

For Vlasov–Poisson systems, particle methods are numerical techniques that simulate the behavior of a plasma by a large set of charged superparticles, which obey the classical laws of electrostatics. The trajectories of these charged particles are then followed. Estimates for the errors incurred for a “semi-discrete” approximation to the underlying Vlasov–Poisson system are given by first superimposing a rectangular grid or mesh on all of phase space and then replacing the initial continuous distribution of charges or masses by discrete charges or masses located at the centroid of each grid cell. Our analysis, on one hand, generalizes that of G. H. Cottet and P. A. Raviart (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 21 (1984), pp. 52–76) to higher-dimensional Vlasov–Poisson systems, and, on the other, those fundamental results of Ole Hald (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 16 (1979), pp. 726–755) and of J. T. Beale and A. Majda (Math. Comp., 39 (1982), pp. 1–52) on vortex methods for two- and three-dimensional Euler equations, to particl.
Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Oxidative Stress in the Regioselective Toxicities of Hydroxychrysenes in Embryonic Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy‐PAHs) are environmental contaminants that can be created through oxidation of parent PAHs. Previous studies have found that 2‐hydroxychrysene (2‐OHCHR) caused anemia in embryonic Japanese medaka whereas 6‐hydroxychrysene (6‐OHCHR) did not, an example of regioselective toxicity. Anemia was prevented by cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition, which reduced the formation of the potential oxidatively active metabolite, 1,2‐catechol, from 2‐OHCHR. 2‐OHCHR has also been found to be a four‐fold more potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist compared with 6‐OHCHR. These findings led us to hypothesize that AhR activation and/or oxidative stress play an important role in 2‐OHCHR toxicity. Although treatments with the AhR agonists polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)126 and 2‐methoxychrysene (2‐MeOCHR) did not cause significant toxicity, pretreatments with the AhR antagonist, CH‐223191, reduced anemia by 97.2 ± 0.84% and mortality by 96.6 ± 0.69%. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibition by the antagonist was confirmed by significant reductions (91.0 ± 9.94%) in induced ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase activity. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations were 32.9 ± 3.56% higher (p < 0.05) in 2‐OHCHR treatments at 100 hours postfertilization compared with controls. Staining 2‐OHCHR‐treated embryos with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate revealed 32.6 ± 2.69% of 2‐OHCHR‐treated embryos exhibiting high concentrations of ROS in caudal tissues, which is a site for embryonic hematopoiesis in medaka. Pretreatment with antioxidants, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or vitamin E (Vit E) significantly reduced 2‐OHCHR‐induced anemia (NAC: 80.7 ± 1.12% and Vit E: 99.1 ± 0.43%) and mortality (NAC: 67.1 ± 1.69% and Vit E: 98.9 ± 0.66%). These results indicate that AhR may mediate 2‐OHCHR toxicity through canonical signaling by up‐regulating CYP1, enhancing the formation of reactive metabolites of 2‐OHCHR that generate ROS within caudal hematopoietic tissues, potentially disrupting hematopoiesis, leading to anemia and subsequent mortality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:698–706. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Predictive model for urosepsis in patients with Upper Urinary Tract Calculi based on ultrasonography and urinalysis using artificial intelligence learning

ABSTRACT Purpose To construct a predicting model for urosepsis risk for patients with upper urinary tract calculi based on ultrasound and urinalysis. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted in patients with upper urinary tract calculi admitted between January 2016 and January 2020. The patients were randomly grouped into the training and validation sets. The training set was used to identify the urosepsis risk factors and construct a risk prediction model based on ultrasound and urinalysis. The validation set was used to test the performance of the artificial neural network (ANN). Results Ultimately, 1716 patients (10.8% cases and 89.2% control) were included. Eight variables were selected for the model: sex, age, body temperature, diabetes history, urine leukocytes, urine nitrite, urine glucose, and degree of hydronephrosis. The area under the receiver operating curve in the validation and training sets was 0.945 (95% CI: 0.903-0.988) and 0.992 (95% CI: 0.988-0.997), respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and Yuden index of the validation set (training set) were 80.4% (85.9%), 98.2% (99.0%), and 0.786 (0.849), respectively. Conclusions A preliminary screening model for urosepsis based on ultrasound and urinalysis was constructed using ANN. The model could provide risk assessments for urosepsis in patients with upper urinary tract calculi.
Considering developmental neurotoxicity in vitro data for human health risk assessment using physiologically-based kinetic modeling: deltamethrin case study

Abstract Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is a potential hazard of chemicals. Recently, an in vitro testing battery (DNT IVB) was established to complement existing rodent in vivo approaches. Deltamethrin (DLT), a pyrethroid with a well-characterized neurotoxic mode of action, has been selected as a reference chemical to evaluate the performance of the DNT IVB. The present study provides context for evaluating the relevance of these DNT IVB results for the human health risk assessment of DLT by estimating potential human fetal brain concentrations after maternal exposure to DLT. We developed a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model for rats which was then translated to humans considering realistic in vivo exposure conditions (acceptable daily intake [ADI] for DLT). To address existing uncertainties, we designed case studies considering the most relevant drivers of DLT uptake and distribution. Calculated human fetal brain concentrations were then compared with the lowest benchmark concentration achieved in the DNT IVB. The developed rat PBK model was validated on in vivo rat toxicokinetic data of DLT over a broad range of doses. The uncertainty based case study evaluation confirmed that repeated exposure to DLT at an ADI level would likely result in human fetal brain concentrations far below the in vitro benchmark. The presented results indicate that DLT concentrations in the human fetal brain are highly unlikely to reach concentrations associated with in vitro findings under realistic exposure conditions. Therefore, the new in vitro DNT results are considered to have no impact on the current risk assessment approach.
ChAT::Cre transgenic rats show sex‐dependent altered fear behaviors, ultrasonic vocalizations and cholinergic marker expression

The cholinergic system is a critical regulator of Pavlovian fear learning and extinction. As such, we have begun investigating the cholinergic system's involvement in individual differences in cued fear extinction using a transgenic ChAT::Cre rat model. The current study extends behavioral phenotyping of a transgenic ChAT::Cre rat line by examining both freezing behavior and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during a Pavlovian cued fear learning and extinction paradigm. Freezing, 22 kHz USVs, and 50 kHz USVs were compared between male and female transgenic ChAT::Cre+ rats and their wildtype (Cre‐) littermates during fear learning, contextual and cue‐conditioned fear recall, cued fear extinction, and generalization to a novel tone. During contextual and cued fear recall ChAT::Cre+ rats froze slightly more than their Cre‐ littermates, and displayed significant sex differences in contextual and cue‐conditioned freezing, 22 kHz USVs, and 50 kHz USVs. Females showed more freezing than males in fear recall trials, but fewer 22 kHz distress calls during fear learning and recall. Females also produced more 50 kHz USVs during exposure to the testing chambers prior to tone (or shock) presentation compared with males, but this effect was blunted in ChAT::Cre+ females. Corroborating previous studies, ChAT::Cre+ transgenic rats overexpressed vesicular acetylcholine transporter immunolabeling in basal forebrain, striatum, basolateral amygdala, and hippocampus, but had similar levels of acetylcholinesterase and numbers of ChAT+ neurons as Cre‐ rats. This study suggests that variance in behavior between ChAT::Cre+ and wildtype rats is sex dependent and advances theories that distinct neural circuits and processes regulate sexually divergent fear responses.
Relationships between rugby sevens performance indicators and international tournament outcomes

Abstract Objectives: Identifying performance indicators related to rugby sevens competition outcomes will inform development of team tactics that increase the likelihood of success. This study characterized 16 team performance indicators and quantified the effect of changes and differences in performance indicators within and between teams on team ranking in international tournaments. Design: Official tournament statistics and final ranking of each team in each of nine men’s tournaments of the 2011/2012 International Rugby Board Sevens World Series were analyzed in a retrospective longitudinal design. Methods: Novel analyses involving linear mixed modeling quantified the effects within and between teams of an increase in performance indicators from a typically low to typically high value on the logarithm of the tournament ranking. Magnitudes of effects were assessed using a smallest meaningful difference in ranking. Results: Three performance indicators had substantial within-team effects and 12 had substantial between-team effects on tournament ranking. More entries into the opposition’s 22-m zone per match, tries per entry into the opposition’s 22-m zone, tackles per match, passes per match, rucks per match and a higher percentage of tackle completion were associated with a better mean ranking. Conversely, more passes per try, rucks per try, kicks per try, errors per match, surrendered possessions per match, and missed tackles per match were related to a worse ranking. Conclusions: The most successful teams maintain ball possession by reducing errors and turnovers, are efficient in converting possession into tries, and have effective defensive structures resulting in a high rate of tackle completion.
Sports-Related Concussions and Adverse Health Behaviors Among Middle and High School Students

Background: Concussions affect millions of youths in the United States each year, and there is concern about long-term health effects from this injury. Purpose: To examine the association between sports- or physical activity–related concussion and health risk behaviors among middle and high school students in 9 states. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data from the 2019 middle school and high school Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used for this analysis. Nine states were identified that included the same question on concussion and similar questions on health risk behaviors in their 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Students were asked to self-report whether they had ≥1 sports- or physical activity–related concussions during the 12 months preceding the survey. Self-reported concussion was the primary outcome of interest. Other variables included sex, race/ethnicity, played on a sports team, were physically active 5 or more days/week, ever tried cigarette smoking, ever used an electronic vapor product, academic grades, drank alcohol, were in a physical fight, seriously considered attempting suicide, made a suicide plan, and attempted suicide. Results: Among the 9 states, 18.2% of middle school students and 14.3% of high school students self-reported ≥1 sports- or physical activity–related concussions. Among both middle school and high school students, the prevalence of ≥1 sports- or physical activity–related concussions was higher among students who played on a sports team, were physically active 5 or more days per week, had ever tried cigarette smoking, had ever used an electronic vapor product, had seriously considered attempting suicide, had made a suicide plan, and had attempted suicide compared with those who had not engaged in those behaviors. The prevalence of sports- or physical activity–related concussion was consistently higher among middle school students than high school students across sex, race/ethnicity, and adverse health behaviors. Conclusion: Middle school students with a history of concussion warrant attention as an at-risk population for concussions and adverse health behaviors. Health care providers may consider screening students for adverse health behaviors during preparticipation examinations and concussion evaluations.
Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Complementary Prognostic Factors to Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer

PURPOSE Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are strongly prognostic for overall survival (OS) in metastatic breast cancer although additional prognostic biomarkers are needed. We evaluated the complementary prognostic value of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) next to CTCs. METHODS We applied the open-source ACCEPT software to archived CellSearch images from the prospective clinical trial SWOG0500 to enumerate CTCs and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) before and after one cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS CTCs enumerated by ACCEPT were strongly correlated with classical ocular enumeration (correlation r = 0.98). OS was worse with elevated tdEVs (median OS for high/medium/low groups: 17.1 v 29.0 v 43.3 months; P < .0001). In patients with longer OS by CTC counts (< 5 CTC/7.5 mL blood), elevated tdEV levels were independently associated with poorer OS (multivariable analysis P < .001). OS was also longer for patients with low tdEVs after one cycle of chemotherapy (median OS for high/medium/low group: 10.8 v 17.8 v 26.7; P < .0001). CONCLUSION This study highlights the complementary prognostic significance of tdEVs in metastatic breast cancer before and after one cycle of chemotherapy.
The precursors’s adaptation to pregnancy, prenatal attachment and maternal self-confidence

Abstract We investigated the precursors for prenatal attachment (PA), adaptation to pregnancy and maternal self-confidence, and the relationship of these variables with each other. This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and December 2020. Data were obtained using an online survey from social media groups. The mean Prenatal Self Evaluation Questionnaire scores of women had a negative and moderate correlation with mean Pharis Self-Confidence Scale (r=–0.287, p=.000) and negative and weak correlation with mean Prenatal Attachment Inventory scores (r=–0.317, p=.000). Women who conceived following assisted reproductive techniques had a higher level of readiness to give birth (17.62 ± 5.22) than women who conceived spontaneously (29.57 ± 6.15) (β=–0.285, t=–3.547, p=.002). We concluded that when women’s adaptation to pregnancy increased in the prenatal period, their PA level and self-confidence towards baby care increased. The results of this study may guide healthcare professionals in terms of improving care for women who have attachment and adaptation problems during pregnancy. Women who conceived following assisted reproductive techniques can be reassured that infertility does not have a negative impact on their readiness for birth. Healthcare professionals could ensure adaptation in women who have problems with adaptation during pregnancy by initiating interventions that support PA and increase the maternal self-confidence levels of women. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? There were few studies examining the relationship between women’s conception style with prenatal attachment (PA), adaptation to pregnancy, and maternal self-efficacy. What do the results of this study add? In this study, it was determined that women who conceived following assisted reproductive techniques have higher levels of being ready to give birth than women who conceived spontaneously without medical assistance. Additionally, it was found that as women evaluate themselves positively in the prenatal period, their PA and maternal self-confidence level regarding baby care increased. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Since this study examines the precursors of maternal self-confidence, PA and adaptation to pregnancy in Turkish pregnant women, it was shown that studies in different cultures are needed in terms of generalisability of the results. In addition, there is a need to identify risky women who have low self-confidence in baby care during pregnancy and have attachment and adjustment problems, and to culture-specific intervention programs need to be developed and tested.