Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study

Limited studies correlate allergic symptoms and associated outdoor biological particle exposure among schoolchildren globally. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the seasonality of symptoms of allergic diseases among middle schoolchildren and the annual variation of airborne pollen and fungal spore in a hot and humid geographical region (Qatar). During November 2017 to January 2018, a self-reported study of middle schoolchildren living in the Doha capital city of Qatar was conducted, anddatagatheredwereevaluated in relation to thecollectedmonthly pollen and fungal spores.Participants’datawere collected byconductingasurveybasedonamodifiedquestionnaire adopted from the InternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergy inChildhood (ISAAC). The airborne pollen and fungal spore in Doha’s atmosphere were extracted from the Doha aerobiology project (2017–2020). Among the 1000distributedquestionnaires, 100were excludeddue to significantmissingdata and644middle schoolchildren living inDohacity respondedandwere included in the final analysis. Thesymptomsof allergic rhinitis (AR) pattern among the responderswith positive symptoms were strongly linked with the higher airborne fungal spore incidence during the month of November. Out of 331 students with positive symptoms, the prevalence of AR, lifetime wheeze, and eczema was 62.8%, 28.1%, and 26.6%, respectively. Asthma was significantly higher in Qatari (39.8%) compared to non-Qatari (26.7%) middle schoolchildren (P= .02). Outdoor aeroallergen may be a contributing factor in addition to other environmental and genetic predisposing factors for childhood atopic diseases in the prevalence rate of allergic symptoms among middle schoolchildren in the peninsula of Qatar. Abbreviations: AR = allergic rhinitis, ISAAC = The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children.
A cross-sectional study

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, convenient accessibility and rapid publication of studies related to the ongoing pandemic prompted shorter preparation time for studies. Whether the methodological quality and reporting characteristics of published systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses are affected during the specific pandemic condition is yet to be clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, methodological quality, and reporting characteristics of published SRs/meta-analyses related to COVID-19. The Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library, andWeb of Science electronic databases were searched to identify published SRs/meta-analyses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Study screening, data extraction, and methodology quality assessment were performed independently by 2 authors. The methodology quality of included SRs/meta-analyses was evaluated using revised version of a measurement tool to assess SRs, and the reporting characteristics were assessed based on the preferred reporting items for SRs and meta-analyses guidelines. A total of 47SRs/meta-analyses were included with a low to critically lowmethodological quality. The median number of days from the date of literature retrieval to the date that the study was first available online was 21days; due to the limited time, only 7 studies had study protocols, and the studies focused on awide range of COVID-19 topics. The rate of compliance to the preferred reporting items for SRs andmeta-analyses checklists of reporting characteristics ranged from 14.9% to 100%. The rate of compliance to the items of protocol and registration, detailed search strategy, and assessment of publication bias was less than 50%. SRs/meta-analyses on COVID-19 were poorly conducted and reported, and thus, need to be substantially improved. Abbreviations: AMSTAR = a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, PRISMA = preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, RCT = randomized controlled trial, SRs = systematic reviews.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: from historical landmarks in Brazil to current care perspectives

Abstract Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), traditionally refers to a group of genetic disorders in which neuropathy is the main or sole feature. Its prevalence varies according to different populations studied, with an estimate between 1:2,500 to 1:10,000. Since the identification of PMP22 gene duplication on chromosome 17 by Vance et al., in 1989, more than 100 genes have been related to this group of disorders, and we have seen advances in the care of patients, with identification of associated conditions and better supportive treatments, including clinical and surgical interventions. Also, with discoveries in the field of genetics, including RNA interference and gene editing techniques, new treatment perspectives begin to emerge. In the present work, we report the most import landmarks regarding CMT research in Brazil and provide a comprehensive review on topics such as frequency of different genes associated with CMT in our population, prevalence of pain, impact on pregnancy, respiratory features, and development of new therapies.
Integrated geomorphological mapping in the north-western sector of Agrigento (Italy)

The geomorphological map is an essential tool to perform a proper urban planning in mountainous or hilly areas. In this paper a multidisciplinary approach to derive a 1:2000 geomorphological map is described. The proposed methodology consists of the integration between aerial photographs, acquired in 2003, and four datasets of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) measures to update a pre-existing landslide inventory. The integrated data were used to achieve a validated geomorphological map by means of a geomorphological survey. The study area is located in southern Italy (Agrigento, Sicily). The city of Agrigento, included in the World Heritage List of UNESCO in 1997, is located on the Girgenti hill which is exposed on its northern side, to several landslide phenomena. The top of the hill is characterized by the presence of part of the cultural heritage of the city and is affected by rockfalls, rock topples and shallow-seated landslides, representing a serious risk for important historical buildings. The results demonstrate the validity of this method to achieve a suitable tool in landscape and cultural heritage management.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Personality Judgments Based on Physical Appearance Personality Judgments Based on Physical Appearance

Furthermore, photographs are an increasingly common feature of everyday life, making physical appearance accessible in many non-face-to-Despite the ubiquity of appearance and the prevalence of appearance-based judgments, psychological research reveals little about how personality is expressed in physical appearance and how appearance informs observers' judgments of personality. In fact, after two decades of research based on zero-acquaintance judgments of personality, researchers still do not know the true magnitude of accuracy based on physical appearance alone. Virtually all zero-acquaintance Despite the crucial role of physical appearance in forming first impressions, little research has examined the accuracy of personality impressions based on appearance alone. This study examined the accuracy of observers' impressions on 10 personality traits based on full-body photographs using criterion measures based on self and peer reports. When targets' posture and expression were constrained (standardized condition), observers' judgments were accurate for extraversion, self-esteem, and religiosity. When targets were photographed with a spontaneous pose and facial expression (spontaneous condition), observ-ers' judgments were accurate for almost all of the traits examined. Lens model analyses demonstrated that both static cues (e.g., clothing style) and dynamic cues (e.g., facial expression, posture) offered valuable personality-relevant information. These results suggest that personality is mani fested through both static and expressive channels of appe arance, and observers use this information to form accurate judgments for a variety of traits. We Wheelwrights do not scoff at the appearance of things. Things often are as they appear. First impressions matter. Judgments based on physical appearance are ubiquitous and consequential. In face-to-face interactions, appearance is the first piece of information available to others
A Theory of Asset Prices based on Heterogeneous Information ∗

We propose a theory of asset prices that emphasizes heterogeneous information as the main element determining prices of different securities. Our main analytical innovation is in formulating a model of noisy information aggregation through asset prices, which is parsimonious and tractable, yet flexible in the specification of cash flow risks. We show that the noisy aggregation of heterogeneous investor beliefs drives a systematic wedge between the impact of fundamentals on an asset price, and the corresponding impact on cash flow expectations. The key intuition behind the wedge is that the identity of the marginal trader has to shift for different realization of the underlying shocks to satisfy the market-clearing condition. This identity shift amplifies the impact of price on the marginal trader’s expectations. We derive tight characterization for both the conditional and the unconditional expected wedges. Our first main theorem shows how the sign of the expected wedge (that is, the difference between the expected price and the dividends) depends on the shape of the dividend payoff function and on the degree of informational frictions. Our second main theorem provides conditions under which the variability of prices exceeds the variability for realized dividends. We conclude with two applications of our theory. First, we highlight how heterogeneous information can lead to systematic departures from the Modigliani-Miller theorem. Second, in a dynamic extension of our model we provide conditions under which bubbles arise. ∗We thank Bruno Biais, John Geanakoplos, Narayana Kocherlakota, Stephen Morris, Guillaume Plantin, Jean Tirole, Martin Weber, Xavier Vives, Eric Young, and audiences at IIES (Stockholm), Yale, the 2nd French MacroFinance Summer workshop (Sciences Po.), and ESSET Gerzensee for helpful comments. Hellwig gratefully acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (starting grant agreement 263790). Tsyvinski is grateful to NSF for support and EIEF for hospitality.
Promises, Promises: Credible Policy Reform Via Signaling

Empirical experience and theory both suggest that policy reforms can be aborted or reversed if they lack sufficient credibility, One reason for such credibility problems is the legitimate doubt regarding how serious the government really is about :he reform process. This paper considers a framework in which the private sector is unable to distinguish between a genuinely reformist government and its nemesis, a government which simply feigns interest in reform because it is a precondition for foreign assistance The general conclusion is that the rate at which reforms are introduced may serve to convey the government's future intentions, and hence act as a signal of its "type". More specifically, credible policy reform may require going overboard: the government will have to go much farther than it would have chosen to in the absence of the credibility problem.
EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2015. on the Safety of lacto-N-neotetraose as a novel food ingredient pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on lacto-N-neotetraose as a novel food ingredient (NFI) submitted pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council, taking into account the comments and objections of a scientific nature raised by Member States. Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) is a synthetic tetrasaccharide, which is intended to be used in infant and follow-on formulae, foods for special medical purposes for infants and young children and other foods for infants and young children, as well as in foods or food supplements for adults. The information provided on the potential mutagenicity of LNnT does not raise safety concerns as regards the genotoxicity of this NFI. Based on the observations from a sub-chronic 90-day toxicity study in rats, the Panel considers that the no observed adverse effect level is 2 500 mg/kg body weight per day. The applicant provided a double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial on the effects of LNnT consumed in combination with another oligosaccharide (2’-O-fucosyllactose (2’-FL)) in infants. The Panel concludes that LNnT is safe for infants (up to one year of age) when added to infant and follow-on formulae, in combination with 2’-FL, at concentrations up to 0.6 g/L of LNnT and up to 1.2 g/L of 2’-FL, at a ratio of 1:2 in the reconstituted formulae; is safe for young children (older than one year of age) when added to follow-on and young-child formulae, at concentrations up to 0.6 g/L of LNnT (alone or in combination with 2’-FL, at concentrations up to 1.2 g/L, at a ratio of 1:2). The Panel also concludes that LNnT is safe when added to other foods at the uses and use levels proposed by the applicant. infant formula lead to an intake of 330 mg/kg body weight per day at the 95th percentile infants aged
SDSS-IV MaNGA: global and local stellar population properties of elliptical galaxies and their assembly histories

We study the spatially resolved properties of 333 elliptical galaxies with the MaNGA/SDSS-IV survey. The aim is to understand the fundamental processes of formation and quenching of elliptical galaxies. We used the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys for accurate morphological classification. Based on integrated spectroscopic properties and colors, we classified galaxies into classical "red and dead", recently quenched, and blue star-forming ellipticals (CLEs, RQEs, and BSFs corresponding to 75%, 10%, and 4% of the sample, respectively). We inferred their stellar age and stellar metallicity gradients out to 1.5 effective radius, and reconstructed their global and radial histories of mass growth and star formation. We find the mass- and light-weighted age gradients of CLEs are nearly flat or mildly negative, with small differences between both ages. The respective metallicity gradients are negative, being flatter as less massive are the CLEs. The more massive CLEs assembled earlier and quenched faster than the less massive ones. The CLEs show a weak inside-out growth and a clear inside-out quenching. At masses < $10^{11}$ $M_{\bigodot}$, the age and $Z$ gradients of the RQEs and BSFs are flatter than those of the CLEs but with larger scatters. They show very weak inside-out growth and quenching, being the quenching slow and even not completed at $z\sim$ 0 for the BSFs. Instead, the massive RQEs show an outside-in quenching, and positive gradients in the light-weighted age and stellar metallicities. Our results are consistent with a scenario where the inner parts of CLEs formed by an early and coeval dissipative collapse with a consequent burst of star formation and further quenching, whereas the outer parts continued their assembly likely by dry mergers. We also discuss some evolutionary scenarios for the RQE and BSF galaxies that would agree with their generic results presented here.
EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2014. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for zinc

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values for zinc, using a two-stage factorial approach and reference values for body weight. The first stage of estimating physiological requirements used studies that had physiologically plausible data, specifically related to faecal excretion of endogenous zinc. Adult physiological requirements were closely related to body size, and sex differences were not detectable after adjustment for body weight. Average Requirements (ARs) for dietary zinc necessary to meet physiological requirements were estimated using saturation response modelling, taking into account the inhibitory effect of dietary phytate on zinc absorption. Estimated ARs and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) are provided for phytate intake levels of 300, 600, 900 and 1 200 mg/day, which cover the range of mean/median intakes observed in European populations. ARs range from 6.2 to 10.2 mg/day for women with a reference weight of 58.5 kg and from 7.5 to 12.7 mg/day for men with a reference weight of 68.1 kg. PRIs were derived from the zinc requirement of individuals with a body weight at the 97.5 th percentile for reference weights for men and women and range from 7.5 to 12.7 mg/day for women and from 9.4 to 16.3 mg/day for men. ARs for infants from seven months of age and for children were estimated factorially, based on extrapolation from estimates of adult losses plus zinc needs for growth, and range from 2.4 to 11.8 mg/day. PRIs for infants and children were derived by assuming a coefficient of variation of 10 %, and range from 2.9 to 14.2 mg/day. For pregnancy and lactation, additional zinc requirements related to fetal and maternal tissues and transfer of zinc into breast milk, respectively, were considered and additional PRIs of 1.6 and 2.9 mg/day, respectively, were estimated. © European Food Safety Authority, 2014
EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2013. Scientific Opinion on the safety of “citicoline” as a Novel Food ingredient

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on citicoline as a novel food ingredient in the context of Regulation (EC) No 258/97. The novel food ingredient (NFI), citicoline, is choline cytidine 5‟-pyrophosphate (C14H26N4O11P2) with a minimum purity of 98.0 %. The stability, specification and production process of the NFI do not raise safety concerns. Citicoline is intended to be used in food supplements aimed at a target population of middle-aged to elderly adults, at a maximum level of 500 mg/day, and in foods for particular nutritional uses, specifically foods for special medical purposes, at a maximum level of 250 mg/serving, and with a maximum daily intake from these types of foods of 1 000 mg/day. Citicoline is readily hydrolysed on ingestion, breaking down to choline and cytidine, which are normal body constituents that then undergo further metabolism and incorporation into normal pathways of metabolism. The Panel considers that consumption of the NFI is not nutritionally disadvantageous. Available human studies do not raise safety concerns under the proposed conditions of use. The additional data presented by the applicant on safety in laboratory animals, although incomplete by modern standards, provides further reassurance on the safety of the NFI. The Panel concludes that the NFI, citicoline, is safe under the proposed uses and use levels. © European Food Safety Authority, 2013
on the substantiation of a health claim related to beta-palmitate and contribution to softening of stools pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation ( EC ) No 1924 / 2006

Following an application from Specialised Nutrition Europe (formerly IDACE), submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of France, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to beta-palmitate and contribution to softening of stools. The food constituent, beta-palmitate, that is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised. Contribution to softening of stools is a beneficial physiological effect for infants. In weighing the evidence the Panel took into account that, out of two human intervention studies with important methodological limitations, one suggested a stool-softening effect of beta-palmitate whereas the second did not, that one animal study did not support a stool-softening effect of beta-palmitate, and that the evidence provided for a mechanism by which beta-palmitate could contribute to the softening of stools is weak. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of beta-palmitate and softening of stools. © European Food Safety Authority, 2014
Mathematica Bohemica

General mathematical theories usually originate from the investigation of particular problems and notions which could not be handled by available tools and methods. The Fučík spectrum and the p-Laplacian are typical examples in the field of nonlinear analysis. The systematic study of these notions during the last four decades led to several interesting and surprising results and revealed deep relationship between the linear and the nonlinear structures. This paper does not provide a complete survey. We focus on some pioneering works and present some contributions of the author. From this point of view the list of references is by no means exhaustive.
Mathematica Bohemica

We study a higher order parabolic partial differential equation that arises in the context of condensed matter physics. It is a fourth order semilinear equation which nonlinearity is the determinant of the Hessian matrix of the solution. We consider this model in a bounded domain of the real plane and study its stationary solutions both when the geometry of this domain is arbitrary and when it is the unit ball and the solution is radially symmetric. We also consider the initial-boundary value problem for the full parabolic equation. We summarize our results on existence of solutions in these cases and propose an open problem related to the existence of self-similar solutions.
Mathematica Bohemica

Let k > 2 and define F (k) := (F (k) n )n>0, the k-generalized Fibonacci sequence whose terms satisfy the recurrence relation F (k) n = F (k) n−1 + F (k) n−2 + . + F (k) n−k, with initial conditions 0, 0, . , 0, 1 (k terms) and such that the first nonzero term is F (k) 1 = 1. The sequences F := F (2) and T := F (3) are the known Fibonacci and Tribonacci sequences, respectively. In 2005, Noe and Post made a conjecture related to the possible solutions of the Diophantine equation F (k) n = F (l) m . In this note, we use transcendental tools to provide a general method for finding the intersections F (k) ∩F (m) which gives evidence supporting the Noe-Post conjecture. In particular, we prove that F ∩ T = {0, 1, 2, 13}.
Ants from the Miocene Totolapa amber (Chiapas, Mexico), with the first record of the genus Forelius (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Totolapa is one of the amber Lagerstatten from Chiapas, southwestern Mexico, which include the Simojovel and Huitiupan deposits. Despite the remarkable paleobiological heritage of Chiapas amber biota, the fossil record of ants from Totolapa has so far not been well studied. Based on exceptionally preserved specimens, four ant genera from the Totolapa amber deposits are reported in this paper, including Forelius, Azteca, Tapinoma, and Camponotus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Whereas the genera Azteca, Tapinoma, and Camponotus are previously known from amber quarries of Simojovel, this paper represents the first record of the presence of Forelius in Chiapas amber.