Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the Dispositional Flow Scale-2 in exercise

This study aimed to analyze the factorial validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-2; Jackson and Eklund, 2002) with a sample of 1437 exercise participants, a population in which flow has not been widely studied. The CFA adjustment indices of the nine-factor first-order structure were acceptable. Both the time transformation and loss of self-consciousness scales presented modest cor - relations with the remaining flow dimensions. Internal consistency estimates were satisfactory for all flow factors. Except for time transformation, all the dispositional flow scales correlated with perceived competence in and enjoyment of exercise. These findings provide support for the validity and re - liability of the Portuguese version of the DFS-2 for measuring flow experiences in exercise. The use of the nine flow factor level scores rather than a single global score is recommended.
Campus Racial Climate and Academic Outcomes: Examining the Moderating Role of Racial Identity for African American College Students

Campus racial climate, including individual perceptions of interracial interactions between students and with faculty (Hurtado, Griffin, Arellano & Cuellar, 2008). African American students often report more discriminatory perceptions of campus racial climate than White, Latino and Asian American students (e.g., Reid & Radhakrishnan, 2003). Campus racial climate has implications for a range of academic outcomes during college (e.g., Fischer, 2010; Torregosa, Ynalvez, & Morin, 2015). Specifically, Black students report experiencing hostile racial climates on their college campuses from both peers and professors and this can influence academic outcomes such as student motivation (e.g., Byrd, 2015), GPA (Torregosa et al., 2015) and whether they graduate on time (Fischer, 2010). While much of the work on campus racial climate has examined racial differences, more work examining within group variation is needed to further explore the role of campus climate on academic outcomes for Black students. The current study seeks to examine whether individual perceptions of campus racial climate in college impacts academic self-concept and if racial identity moderates this relationship for Black college students. The current study seeks to add to a smaller body of work that has provided an exploration of multiple dimensions of individual perceptions of campus racial climate understanding of students’ perception of campus racial climate (e.g., Byrd & Chavous, 2011; Byrd & Chavous, 2012). The sample for the current study was collected as part of a larger longitudinal in the Eastern part of the United States. Inclusion criteria for the current study included 1) identifying as African American/Black (Black for at least one racial group), 2) being a college student 1 year after high school. The final sample for the current included 144 participants, 65% of who identified as female. While campus racial climate was not a significant predictor of academic self-concept, students who attended HBCUs reported higher academic self-concept than students who attended PWIs. Private regard also positively predicted academic self-concept in the current sample. These findings have implications for the positive impact racial identity has on academic outcomes for African American youth. Implications and future directions will be discussed. INDEX WORDS: Campus racial climate, academic self-concept, racial identity, African American CAMPUS RACIAL CLIMATE AND ACADEMIC OUTCOMES: EXAMINING THE MODERATING ROLE OF RACIAL IDENTITY FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENTS
"Next Generation" Givers: Implications for Nonprofit Engagement

The nonprofit sector is experiencing competition for resources, a decrease in donor retention, and larger donations from fewer donors. In addition, older generations are aging out. Therefore, it is critical that nonprofit leaders execute strategies to engage the Next Generation of supporters. In this project, Next Generation definitions, values, characteristics, and philanthropic habits were reviewed and analyzed through various resources and tools. Results yielded several key findings. First, definitions of the Next Generation are varied; however, they typically include Gen Y, and some or all of Gen X and Gen Z. Next Generation individuals are incredibly techsavvy, view time as an incredibly effective way to give back, and value integrity, meaningful work, and transparency. The Next Generation is also very concerned about seeing the impact of their work. Based on these results, advancement team members need to embrace new digital ways of engagement both monetary and non-monetary. This calls for understanding and investing in specific tools and models to meet these individuals where they are at— online. Because the Next Generation craves hands-on experiences, opportunities such as site visits, events, and Next Generation board opportunities should be considered.
Comparison of Dexamethasone and Ondansetron for the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting Using Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia after Gynecologic Surgery

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting remain a common problem following gynecologic surgery. This study was designed to compare antiemetic effects and to establish optimal doses for dexamethasone and ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after gynecologic surgery. Methods: One hundred and fifty ASA 1-2 patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery were included. Patients were randomly divided into six groups and received a placebo (group C), dexamethasone 4 mg (group D4), dexamethasone 8 mg (group D8), ondansetron 4 mg (group O4), ondansetron 8 mg (group O8) or dexamethasone 4 mg plus ondansetron 4 mg (group D4O4) after induction. Postoperatively, nausea, vomiting, VAS pain score, headache and itching were recorded in the recovery room (2 h after operation) and in the hospitalization area (12, 24 and 48 h after operation). Results: Group C showed a significantly higher incidence of nausea (56%) and vomiting (32%) than group D4 (nausea: 20%, vomiting: 4%), D8 (nausea: 20%, vomiting: 4%), O4 (nausea: 12%, vomiting: 4%), O8 (nausea: 12%, vomiting: 0%) and D4O4 (nausea: 20%, vomiting: 4%). No differences in the incidence of nausea and vomiting were observed between groups D4, D8, O4, O8 and D4O4. Pain score, total analgesic consumption, duration, and side effects were similar in the groups. Conclusions: Dexamethasone 4 mg, dexamethasone 8 mg, ondansetron 4 mg, ondansetron 8 mg, and dexamethasone 4 mg plus ondansetron 4 mg were found to be equally effective at preventing PONV following gynecological surgery. Dexamethasone was as effective as ondansetron for the prevention of PONV after gynecologic surgery.
Early language and intelligence development and their relationship to future criminal behavior

The relationship between intelligence, measured regularly from the ages of 3 to 17 years, and registered criminality was investigated for boys (N = 122) in a birth-to-maturity study. Significant negative correlations appeared at several ages, even for intelligence assessed as early as at the age of 3. The hypothesis was advanced that the early language development of the boys would be negatively associated with future criminality. Information on language development, obtained by applying the Brunet-Lezine psychomotor developmental test for infants, substantiated this hypothesis. Significant correlations with registered criminality appeared for language development at 6, 18, and 24 months. Further support for the hypothesized link was provided by psychologists' ratings of children's verbal behavior and by maternal reports of their child's speech at the ages 3 to 5. The role of early language retardation in contributing to later criminality is discussed. Language: en
A Dose-Dependent Increase in Mortality with Vesnarinone among Patients with Severe Heart Failure

Background Vesnarinone, an inotropic drug, was shown in a short-term placebo-controlled trial to improve survival markedly in patients with severe heart failure when given at a dose of 60 mg per day, but there was a trend toward an adverse effect on survival when the dose was 120 mg per day. In a longer-term study, we evaluated the effects of daily doses of 60 mg or 30 mg of vesnarinone, as compared with placebo, on mortality and morbidity. Methods We enrolled 3833 patients who had symptoms of New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30 percent or less despite optimal treatment. The mean follow-up was 286 days. Results There were significantly fewer deaths in the placebo group (242 deaths, or 18.9 percent) than in the 60-mg vesnarinone group (292 deaths, or 22.9 percent) and longer survival (P=0.02). The increase in mortality with vesnarinone was attributed to an increase in sudden death, presumed to be due to arrhythmia. The quality of life had .
Osteoporosis: Radiographic and Pathological Diagnosis

Osteoporosis, the microarchitectural deterioration of bone to the point of fracture, is of enormous consequence in terms of morbidity of its victims and cost to the health care system. Essentially, a silent disease until catastrophic events such as hip fractures occur, the disorder remains elusive because of the lack of a diagnostic laboratory test and the delayed recognition on routine radiographic procedures. A hallmark of osteoporosis, low bone mass, has led to the widespread use of bone densitometry, especially dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), for the determination of those at risk for fracture. Although an imperfect methodology, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry remains a useful tool when combined with a careful assessment of personal risk factors including family history. Treatment is directed essentially at avoiding risks and the use of pharmacological agents such as biphosphonates to slow down osteoclastic bone resorption, which accounts for some, but not all, types of osteoporosis. Urinary and serum markers of bone turnover have been used to monitor therapy. Bone stimulatory agents are increasingly available. Surgical interventions other than fracture fixation procedures remain somewhat controversial.
Global Animal Partnership's 5-Step TM Animal Welfare Rating Standards: a welfare-labelling scheme that allows for continuous improvement

One challenge with animal welfare assessment programmes is that standards that make a meaningful difference to welfare can be difficult for a broad spectrum of producers to meet, thereby preventing many from engaging at all. Global Animal Partnership’s (GAP’s) 5-StepTM Animal Welfare Rating Standards are unique in that they are designed as a multi-tiered system that encourages continuous welfare improvement. The 5-Step program allows for a wide variety of production models — from small farms raising fewer than 50 animals in extensive, outdoor systems to larger, indoor operations raising tens of millions — and allows producers to move up the Steps as they choose. Each additional Step provides a four-fold benefit: the animals have improved welfare, the producer has the opportunity of greater rewards and more accurate representation of her or his farming practices, retailers can provide wider product selection to meet their customer demands, and consumers have the guarantee of ever-increasing, welfare-friendly choices as well as a transparent source of information on how their meat was raised. GAP began piloting its 5-Step program in 2008 with comprehensive on-farm/on-ranch and transport standards for meat chickens, pigs and beef cattle in an exclusive, two-year partnership with Whole Foods Market (WFM), North America’s largest natural-foods grocer. The variety of farms and ranches supplying WFM provided a thorough testing ground for the programme. Chicken, pork, beef and turkey products ranging from Step 1 to Step 5+ are available regionally in WFM stores in the USA and Canada. Having successfully completed this pilot phase with WFM, GAP is now negotiating with other retailers, both restaurants and grocers, as well as further-processors, in North America and beyond. The essence of the Steps is captured by the following phrases: Step 1 — no crowding, cages or crates; Step 2 — an enriched environment; Step 3 — enhanced outdoor access; Step 4 — pasture centred; Step 5 — animal-centred: bred for the outdoors; and Step 5+ — animalcentred: entire life on the same farm. As of 1 December 2011, more than 1,740 third-party audited and certified farms and ranches are raising more than 140 million animals annually according to GAP’s 5-Step Animal Welfare Rating Standards.
Wave/structure interaction in two-layer fluids

The main theme of this thesis is that of wave and submerged structure interaction in two-layer fluids. By a two-layer fluid we mean one which contains a layer of finite depth bounded above by a free surface and below by an infinite or finite layer of greater density. For such a situation time-harmonic waves can propagate with two different wavenumbers for a given frequency. One of these wavenumbers corresponds to waves where the motion is concentrated near the free surface and the other to waves near the interface between the two fluids. All the problems that will be examined will be based on linear inviscid water wave theory. The work is separated into two parts; in part I three-dimensional problems involving spheres are investigated whereas part II is concerned with the two-dimensional problems of horizontal circular cylinders. All of the problems are solved using the method of multipole expansions. In a single-layer fluid there are a number of reciprocity relations that exist which connect various hydrodynamic quantities. In chapter 2 we systematically extend all these relations to the three-dimensional two-layer fluid case. The radiation and scattering problems of a sphere in either the upper and lower layer are then solved. Chapter 3 examines the effect of a finite-depth lower layer on the radiation problem. Chapters 4 and 5 investigate the transmission and reflection of incident waves by a horizontal circular cylinder. Chapter 4 contains the scattering problem where the lower layer is of finite depth whilst in chapter 5 obliquely incident waves are considered in a finite-depth single-layer fluid and then in a two-layer fluid. For the latter case, we find that there are frequencies at which complete reflection of the obliquely incident waves occurs. Trapped modes above a horizontal circular cylinder are looked into in chapter 6. We first consider the single-layer problem for finite depth and then move onto the two-layer case. Using the fact that obliquely incident waves on a horizontal circular cylinder can be totally reflected we seek embedded trapped modes between a cylinder and a wall in chapter 7.
The effects of different patterns of brisk walking on aspects of fitness, cardiovascular risk and psychological well-being.

The use of a pattern of accumulated bouts of exercise has become enshrined in recent public health recommendations. Although there is epidemiological evidence to support this, the experimental evidence for such recommendations is limited. The four studies described in this thesis investigated the effects of different patterns of exercise on fitness, cardiovascular risk and selected psychological parameters. [Continues. ]
Variability and Overcrowding Management

Emergency department (ED) overcrowding has become a common situation with significant negative effects on the quality of care. The aim of this study is to detail the flow of patients and their variability and determine the existence of stable patterns that allow better planning of resources. We performed a retrospective descriptive observational study of emergencies attended from 2008 to 2010 in the ‘Juan Ramón Jiménez’ General Hospital (Huelva, Spain), with a sample of 343,233 visits. The time between consecutive arrivals of patients and the arrival patterns according to severity and clinical area was calculated using Microsoft Excel and Stat::Fit. Quarterly differences were determined using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The mean value of the inter-arrival time, independent of the quarter (p < 0.05), was 2–4 minutes from 10:00 am to 10:00 pm and 15–20 minutes from midnight to 8:00 am. The Priority (P) I Patients arrived every 119.05 ± 136.71 minutes, the PII patients every 75.96 ± 97.58 minutes, the PIII patients every 22.62 ± 33.47 minutes and the PIV patients every 6.37 ± 10.53 minutes. PIV had a fluctuating pattern. The arrival rate peaks at 1:00 pm on Monday in the medical–surgical area, at 10:00 pm on Monday for the trauma area, and at 1:00 pm on Sunday for the paediatric area. The study shows that inter-arrival times and average arrival rates of patients have a defined and reproducible pattern for each level of severity and clinical area, which forces us to rethink the fixed capacity model and oriented towards flexibility of resources to reduce the overcrowding.
Ecstasy Use at Large-Scale Dance Events in the Netherlands

In the 1980s, MDMA appeared on the Dutch market. The popular use of MDMA and MDMA-analogs (commonly known as ecstasy) spread quickly in the second half of the 1980s, especially at large-scale dance events. After prohibition in 1988, the ecstasy market became “polluted,” adding an extra risk factor to its use. The Dutch government showed concern, and the Health Department initiated a research program. The Utrecht University Addiction Research Institute (CVO) conducted a socio-epidemiological study into the nature and extent of, and the risks involved in, ecstasy use at dance events. More than one thousand respondents participated in the study. This article focuses on the methodology and results of the study. Applied methods included observations, written questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and urine sampling.
Changes and clinical significance of D-dimer in progressive hemorrhagic injury after traumatic brain injury

Objective To detect the changes of D-dimer level in progressive hemorrhagic injury(PHI) after traumatic brain injury and explore the relationship between D-dimer level and PHI.MethodsThe medical records of 108 patients with traumatic brain injury(n=48 in PHI group and n=60 in non-PHI group) were retrospectively reviewed.The relationship between PHI and clinical factors such as sex,age,time from injury to first CT,Glasgow coma scale,prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and plasma D-dimer values was analysed.Logistic multiple regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of PHI.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to infer the relationship between plasma D-dimer level and prevalence of PHI.ResultsThe plasma D-dimer levels were(7.08±3.87) mg/L and(4.34±3.21)mg/L,respectively in PHI group and non-PHI group(P0.05). It was revealed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis that the D-dimer level and time from injury to first CT were related to the occurence of PHI(OR=0.407,95%CI:0.132-0.825,P=0.018 and OR=1.254,95%CI:0.980-1.374,P=0.021,respectively). It was indicated by ROC curve that the cutoff point was 4.05 mg/L,with the sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 70%. The percentage of patients suffered from progression was as high as 74.1% when the level of D-dimer ≥4.05 mg/L.ConclusionThe level of plasma D-dimer after traumatic brain injury can be a prognostic factor for PHI.Combined with imaging findings and analysis of other related clinical factors,D-dimer level may play an important role in the diagnosis of PHI after traumatic brain injury.
Compartment Syndromes in the Pediatric Patient

In this manuscript the authors review essential and new information on compartment syndrome in children. The article stresses the three A's of pediatric compartment syndrome: agitation, anxiety and increasing analgesic requirement which precede the classic presentation by several hours. Non-invasive methods of assessing compartment syndrome are highlighted and the medical-legal implications of missed compartment syndrome are further reviewed.
Intramedullary Screw Fixation for Chronic Proximal Fourth Metatarsal Stress Fractures: A New Technique for the Fourth Metatarsal “Jones”

In athletes, conservative treatment of proximal fourth metatarsal stress fractures can result in deconditioning, delayed return to sport, disability, and recurrence of the fracture. Although nonoperative care has been advocated for such an injury, internal fixation can provide more rapid and reliable healing in athletes. However, until now, bone grafting with or without dorsal plate fixation was the only surgical option. We have developed a means of inserting a 4.5-mm cannulated intramedullary screw as a safe approach that can promote complete healing and timely return to sport. This fixation shows healing similar to intramedullary screw fixation of the fifth metatarsal Jones fracture. We term this the “fourth metatarsal ‘Jones’ fracture” and treat it in a similar manner as the fifth. The senior author has treated 8 athletes surgically with this approach for chronic nonunion of fourth metatarsal stress fractures. Clinical and radiographic assessments up to 10 years after surgery show 100% healing without fourth tarsometatarsal joint degeneration. Subjective reporting indicates 100% healing in as little as 6 weeks. No postoperative complications (screw failure, persistent sclerosis, refractures, or arthritis at the tarsometatarsal joint) have occurred. This technique results in reliable, effective, fast healing of chronic fourth metatarsal stress fracture sites in competitive athletes. However, the technique is technically demanding.
Comparative analysis of outcome of radioiodine and antithyroid medication in treating Graves'disease in children and adolescents:a systematic evaluation

Objective To evaluate the difference in efficacy and safety between ~(131)Ⅰand antithyroid drugs (ATD)in the treatment of Graves'disease in children and adolescents.Methods MEDLINE(1966-2005), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(Cochrane Library Issue 2,2006),EMBASE(1984-2004), CBMDISK(1978-2005)and CNKI(1994-2006)were searched by computer.Isotopes(1989-2004),Radiologia Pratica(1986-2005),Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism(1985-2004),and Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America(1988-2001)were manually searched.Trials comparatively analyzed ~(131)Ⅰand antithyroid drugs on the treatment of Graves'disease in children and adolescents were included.The quality of the study methodologies such as randomization,blinding and allocation concealment was evaluated and meta-analysis was performed by Revman 4.2 software.Results Five non-randomized controlled trials involving 538 patients were included.Among these trials one was prospective and the rest were all retrospective. ~(131)Ⅰwas more effective in increasing the complete remission and decreasing the rate of recurrence as compared with ATD,but the rate of hypothyroidism was significantly increased after ~(131)Ⅰtreatment. Conclusion Based on the five studies,the evidence suggests that ~(131)Ⅰtherapy is effective and safe for children and adolescents,and the total curative effects in Graves'disease are superior to ATD.However great shortage of randomized controlled trial(RCT),and problems concerning randomization,blind method,follow-up and statistic analysis still exist in clinical controlled trials, hence more RCT with high quality should be conducted.