Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ending Ecoservices Payments Does Not Crowd Out Lab-in-the-Field Conservation

Payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs are proliferating globally but not always with significant impact. Unlike protected areas (PAs), PES compensate suppliers of ecoservices, increasing local acceptance. Yet, some worry that PES could reduce conservation in the long run, if the introduction of financial incentives “crowds out” or diminishes prior conservation behavior. We implemented a decision experiment with farmers in rural Colombia to study the effects of temporary PES. We find no crowding out if a PES is introduced then ended. Contributions after PES fall back to pre-PES levels, at worst, and if anything, they are higher. Comparisons to controls without PES strengthen these findings, which can inform policy design. Abstract Payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs are proliferating globally but not always with significant impact. Unlike protected areas (PAs), PES compensate suppliers of ecoservices, increasing local acceptance. Yet, some worry that PES could reduce conservation in the long run, if the introduction of financial incentives “crowds out” or diminishes prior conservation behavior. We implemented a decision experiment with farmers in rural Colombia to study the effects of temporary PES. We find no crowding out if a PES is introduced then ended. Contributions after PES fall back to pre-PES levels, at worst, and if anything, they are higher. Comparisons to controls without PES strengthen these findings, which can inform policy design. our ability to detect smaller impacts. However, our results suggest further research directions which deserve to be examined.
ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle hysics Cross correlations from back reaction on stochastic magnetic ﬁelds

The induction equation induces non trivial correlations between the primordial curvature mode and the magnetic mode which is a non linear eﬀect. Assuming a stochastic, gaussian magnetic ﬁeld the resulting power spectra determining the two point cross correlation functions between the primordial curvature perturbation and the magnetic energy density contrast as well as the magnetic anisotropic stress are calculated approximately. The corresponding numerical solutions are used to calculate the angular power spectra determining the temperature anisotropies and polarization of the cosmic microwave background, C (cid:96) . It is found that the resulting C (cid:96) are sub-leading in comparison to those generated by the compensated mode for a magnetic ﬁeld which only redshifts with the expansion of the universe. The main focus are scalar modes, however, vector modes will also be brieﬂy discussed.
Brand content diffusion on Social Networking Sites: Exploring the triadic relationship between the brand, the individual, and the community

This dissertation explores the antecedents and consequences of brand content diffusion on Social Networking Sites (SNSs), by investigating what influences SNS users to pass along messages created by brands via retweeting on Twitter, and sharing on Facebook. The dissertation is organized in four chapters. The first three chapters explore the antecedents of this process, namely how (1) message, (2) network and (3) personality characteristics influence SNS users to retweet or share brand messages. The concluding chapter (4) investigates the consequences of this behavior, particularly how it influences attitudes towards the brand, and towards the message. The Dissertation Overview summarizes the theoretical and practical implications from the overall findings of this dissertation. Key findings: The emergence of SNSs brings forward new mechanisms of information diffusion such as retweeting and sharing that have opened up a wide range of opportunities for brand communication. We argue that these capabilities have not only helped to accelerate eWOM, but also have enabled consumers to become gatekeepers of their own personal audiences on SNSs, by actively selecting and passing along brand messages to their friends or contacts on the SNS. The studies presented in this dissertation set out to investigate the antecedents and consequences of this behavior, exploring both the brand and the user perspective.
C, N and O abundances in red clump stars of the Milky Way

The Hipparcos orbiting observatory has revealed a large number of helium-core-burning 'clump' stars in the Galactic field. These low-mass stars exhibit signatures of extra mixing processes that require modelling beyond the first dredge-up of standard models. The 12 C/ 13 C ratio is the most robust diagnostic of deep mixing because it is insensitive to the adopted stellar parameters. In this paper we present 12 C/ 13 C determinations in a sample of 34 Galactic clump stars as well as abundances of nitrogen, carbon and oxygen. Abundances of carbon were studied using the C 2 Swan (0,1) band head at 5635.5 A. The wavelength interval 7980-8130 A with strong CN features was analysed in order to determine nitrogen abundances and 12 C/ 13 C isotope ratios. The oxygen abundances were determined from the [O I] line at 6300 A. Compared with the Sun and dwarf stars of the Galactic disc, mean abundances in the investigated clump stars suggest that carbon is depleted by about 0.2 dex, nitrogen is enhanced by 0.2 dex and oxygen is close to abundances in dwarfs. Comparisons to evolutionary models show that the stars fall into two groups: one is of first ascent giants with carbon isotope ratios altered according to the first dredge-up prediction and the other is of helium-core-burning stars with carbon isotope ratios altered by extra mixing. The stars investigated fall to these groups in approximately equal numbers.
Price Limits and IPO Markets : Evidence from a Natural Experiment *

Motivated by theories on speculative trading, we examine how price variability affects speculative demand and the consequences of this effect for equity prices and corporate policy. Our study is based on a natural experiment, in which the price moves of newly-listed Initial Public Offering (IPO) stocks become exogenously restricted within a narrow range. Pursuant to the introduction of these restrictions, investors seeking to speculate reduce both their participation in IPOs and their net buying in the IPOs’ aftermarket. The reduced aftermarket demand is followed by an increase in future returns of IPO firms, consistent with reduced asset prices. We also document a disappearance of IPOs most affected by the imposed price restrictions. Our overall findings provide new insights into the role of speculative investors in IPO markets, suggesting that the participation of such investors increases the viability of IPO markets, which are generally afflicted by high asymmetric information problems. JEL classification: G11, G12, G15, G18, G40
Band symmetries of mixed-valence topological insulator: SmB6

We have investigated the band structure and the band symmetry of mixed-valence insulator SmB6 systematically within the density functional theory (DFT). To describe the strong correlation effect of 4f-electrons in SmB6 effectively within the DFT level, we have devised a scheme to adjust the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) strength of Sm 4f electron artificially, which is verified to be a valid approximation by comparison with the band structure from the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). We have analyzed the symmetries and characters of Sm 4f and 5d bands near the Fermi level (EF) in terms of the non-relativistic real cubic bases as well as the relativistic complex bases incorporating the SOC and the cubic crystal field. Based on the full band symmetry analysis, the ground state of SmB6 is found to be in the Γ7 multiplet state, and Sm 5d band that hybridizes with Sm 4f band near EF has the eg symmetry. Further, we have found that the semi-core band located at ∼15 eV below EF has the mixed parity and thereby af.
Pelvic Compression Device (Binder) Application Training in Medical Students: A Manikin Study

Background: Correct application of external pelvic compression devices (binders) is crucial in managing multitrauma patients with suspected pelvic fractures to control hemorrhage. Yet, there is a lack of practical training standards for pelvic compression device application in medical school education. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate simulation training of pelvic compression device application by medical students to determine the number of applications required to meet proficiency measured by correct application and timeliness. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional measurement study of a convenience sample of 132 volunteer senior medical students who participated in a 30-min theoretical and simulation training session on the application of pelvic compression devices. The study was conducted between January 1, 2020, and March 1, 2020. Two weeks after the training, the students performed 10 consecutive pelvic compression device applications, each followed by a 5-min feedback session break. Application step accuracy and timing were observed and recorded. The percentage of correct applications was compared by χ2 test. Results: The correct application rate for the first application was 42.4%, with an average of 92 s, 95% confidence interval (CI): 91.00–93.72. The highest correct application rate occurred in the eighth application (97%, p < .001), with an average application time of 87 s, 95% CI: 85.62–87.72. Conclusion: We found that at least eight pelvic compression device manikin applications were required to achieve proficiency.
Assessing the discovery potential of directional detection of dark matter

There is a worldwide effort toward the development of a large TPC (Time Projection Chamber) devoted to directional Dark Matter detection. All current projects are being designed to fulfill a unique goal : identifying weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) as such by taking advantage of the expected direction dependence of WIMP-induced events toward the constellation Cygnus. However such proof of discovery requires a careful statistical data treatment. In this paper, the discovery potential of forthcoming directional detectors is adressed by using a frequentist approach based on the profile likelihood ratio test statistic. This allows us to estimate the expected significance of a Dark Matter detection. Moreover, using this powerful test statistic, it is possible to propagate astrophysical and experimental uncertainties in the determination of the discovery potential of a given directional detection experiment. This way, we found that a 30 kg.year CF$_4$ directional experiment could reach a 3$\sigma$ sensitivity at 90% C.L. down to $10^{-5}$ pb and $3.10^{-4}$ pb for the WIMP-proton axial cross section in the most optimistic and pessimistic scenario respectively.
A Population Health Approach to Managing Heart Failure

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE ® Recent updates to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) have the potential to help improve outcomes for patients with heart failure (HF). However, according to participants in an AJMC Peer Exchange, uptake of GDMT remains suboptimal because of high medication costs and concerns about the safety of starting or switching medications in patients hospitalized for HF. In a discussion moderated by Ryan Haumschild, PharmD, MS, MBA, director of pharmacy services at Emory Healthcare and Winship Cancer Institute in Atlanta, Georgia, the panelists described strategies to identify patients at risk for HF early in the disease process, improve uptake of GDMT in clinical practice, and optimize communication among members of a patient’s multidisciplinary team.
Flow-enhanced pairing and other unusual effects in Fermi gases in synthetic gauge fields

Recent experiments on fermions in synthetic gauge fields result in systems with a spin-orbit coupling along one spatial axis, a detuning field, and a Zeeman field. We show theoretically that the presence of all three results in interesting and unusual phenomena in such systems in the presence of a contact singlet attraction between the fermions (described by a scattering length). For two particles, bound states appear over certain range of the centre of mass momenta when a critical positive scattering length is attained, with the deepest bound state appearing at a nonzero centre of mass momentum. For the centre of mass momenta without a bound state, the gauge field induces a resonance like feature in the scattering continuum resulting in a large scattering phase shift. For many particles, we demonstrate that the system, in a parameter range, shows flow enhanced pairing, i.e., a more robust superfluid at finite centre of mass momentum. Yet another regime of parameters offers the opportunity to study strongly interacting normal states of spin-orbit coupled fermionic systems utilizing the resonance like feature induced by the synthetic gauge field.
Cosmic ray electrons and positrons from discrete stochastic sources

The distances that galactic cosmic ray electrons and positrons can travel are severely limited by energy losses to at most a few kiloparsec, thereby rendering the local spectrum very sensitive to the exact distribution of sources in our galactic neighbourhood. However, due to our ignorance of the exact source distribution, we can only predict the spectrum stochastically. We argue that even in the case of a large number of sources the central limit theorem is not applicable, but that the standard deviation for the flux from a random source is divergent due to a long power law tail of the probability density. Instead, we compute the expectation value and characterise the scatter around it by quantiles of the probability density using a generalised central limit theorem in a fully analytical way. The uncertainty band is asymmetric about the expectation value and can become quite large for TeV energies. In particular, the predicted local spectrum is marginally consistent with the measurements by Fermi-LAT and HESS even without imposing spectral breaks or cut-offs at source. We conclude that this uncertainty has to be properly accounted for when predicting electron fluxes above a few hundred GeV from astrophysical sources.
Special educational needs and disability: a lifetime of disadvantage in the labour market?

UCL Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) is an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Resource Centre based at the UCL Social Research Institute, University College London. It manages four internationally-renowned cohort studies: the 1958 National Child Development Study, the 1970 British Cohort Study, Next Steps, and the Millennium Cohort Study. For more information, Abstract Disabled adults face substantial labour market disadvantage. There is, however, variation in employment and earnings by age and educational level. Since much disability occurs in later life, and labour market disadvantage can lead to disability as well as vice versa, we currently have limited understanding of how far disabled people’s current disadvantage represents the cumulative impact of disability. We also lack insight into how far policy changes have managed to reduce the gap for younger cohorts. These are the contributions of this paper. Using data from two British longitudinal studies we investigate economic outcomes in their mid-20s for those who were identified with a Special Education Need or disability (SEN(D)) when at secondary school in either the 1970s or 2000s. We find that by age 25, adults identified with SEN(D) while at school faced substantial employment disadvantage. The ‘gaps’ by SEN status were however smaller amongst the younger cohort. For the older cohort, and younger women, only part of the gap could be explained by differences in educational attainment and social background. We extended this picture to mid-life for the older cohort to illustrate the cumulative impacts of early identification with SEN(D). We discuss the implications of our findings.
Anisotropic exchange and spin-wave damping in pure and electron-doped Sr_2IrO_4

The collective magnetic excitations in the spin-orbit Mott insulator (Sr_(1−x)La_x)_2IrO_4 (x=0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.1) were investigated by means of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. We report significant magnon energy gaps at both the crystallographic and antiferromagnetic zone centers at all doping levels, along with a remarkably pronounced momentum-dependent lifetime broadening. The spin-wave gap is accounted for by a significant anisotropy in the interactions between J_(eff)=1/2 isospins, thus marking the departure of Sr_2IrO_4 from the essentially isotropic Heisenberg model appropriate for the superconducting cuprates.
Nation-Building Through Military Service ∗

This paper studies the role of compulsory military service in the process of nation-building. We pair original survey data covering 29 cohorts of conscripts in Argentina with random variation in service emerging from a lottery. We find that military service leads to stronger national identity and better attitudes toward fellow countrymen several decades after serving. We document complementary mechanisms that explain these patterns: First, using natural language processing techniques on open-ended responses, we find suggestive evidence that social integration and national attachment were actively inculcated during service. In line with value transmission, former conscripts also tend to adopt the ideology of the government under which they served. Second, exposure to diverse peers and developing a more diverse social network reinforce the baseline patterns. We find no evidence that these results materialize through other mechanisms, such as conflict exposure, labor market outcomes, religiosity, or family formation. Taken together, these results show that conscription can effectively contribute to nation-building.
Attosecond transient absorption of a bound wave packet coupled to a smooth continuum

We investigate the possibility of using transient absorption of a coherent bound electron wave packet in hydrogen as an attosecond pulse characterization technique. In a recent work, we have shown that photoionization of such a coherent bound electron wave packet opens up for pulse characterization with unprecedented temporal accuracy—independent of the atomic structure—with maximal photoemission at all kinetic energies given a wave packet with zero relative phase (Pabst and Dahlström Phys. Rev. A 94 13411 (2016)). Here, we perform numerical propagation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and analytical calculations based on perturbation theory to show that the energy-resolved maximal absorption of photons from the attosecond pulse does not uniquely occur at a zero relative phase of the initial wave packet. Instead, maximal absorption occurs at different relative wave packet phases, distributed as a non-monotonous function with a smooth − π / 2 shift across the central photon energy (given a Fourier-limited Gaussian pulse). Similar results are also found in helium. Our finding is surprising, because it implies that the energy-resolved photoelectrons are not mapped one-to-one with the energy-resolved absorbed photons of the attosecond pulse.
The Type II-plateau Supernova 2017eaw in NGC 6946 and Its Red Supergiant Progenitor

We present extensive optical photometric and spectroscopic observations, from 4 to 482 days after explosion, of the Type II-plateau (II-P) supernova (SN) 2017eaw in NGC 6946. SN 2017eaw is a normal SN II-P intermediate in properties between, for example, SN 1999em and SN 2012aw and the more luminous SN 2004et, also in NGC 6946. We have determined that the extinction to SN 2017eaw is primarily due to the Galactic foreground and that the SN site metallicity is likely subsolar. We have also independently confirmed a tip-of-the-red-giant-branch (TRGB) distance to NGC 6946 of 7.73 ± 0.78 Mpc. The distances to the SN that we have also estimated via both the standardized candle method and expanding photosphere method corroborate the TRGB distance. We confirm the SN progenitor identity in pre-explosion archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer Space Telescope images, via imaging of the SN through our HST Target of Opportunity program. Detailed modeling of the progenitor’s spectral energy distribution indicates that the star was a dusty, luminous red supergiant consistent with an initial mass of ∼15 M⊙.
Brans-Dicke inflation in light of the Planck 2015 data

We study inflation in the Brans-Dicke gravity as a special model of the scalar-tensor gravity. We obtain the inflationary observables containing the scalar spectral index, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, the running of the scalar spectral index and the equilateral non-Gaussianity parameter in terms of the general form of the potential in the Jordan frame. Then, we compare the results for various inflationary potentials in light of the Planck 2015 data. Our study shows that in the Brans-Dicke gravity, the power-law, inverse power-law and exponential potentials are ruled out by the Planck 2015 data. But, the hilltop, Higgs, Coleman-Weinberg and natural potentials can be compatible with Planck 2015 TT,TE,EE+lowP data at 95% CL. Moreover, the D-brane, SB SUSY and displaced quadratic potentials can be in well agreement with the observational data since their results can lie inside the 68% CL region of Planck 2015 TT,TE,EE+lowP data.
Ultrastrong-coupling phenomena beyond the Dicke model

We study effective light-matter interactions in a circuit QED system consisting of a single $LC$ resonator, which is coupled symmetrically to multiple superconducting qubits. Starting from a minimal circuit model, we demonstrate that, in addition to the usual collective qubit-photon coupling, the resulting Hamiltonian contains direct qubit-qubit interactions, which have a drastic effect on the ground- and excited-state properties of such circuits in the ultrastrong-coupling regime. In contrast to the superradiant phase transition expected from the standard Dicke model, we find an opposite mechanism, which at very strong interactions completely decouples the photon mode and projects the qubits into a highly entangled ground state. These findings resolve previous controversies over the existence of superradiant phases in circuit QED, but they more generally show that the physics of two- or multiatom cavity QED settings can differ significantly from what is commonly assumed.