Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Healthy eating in a Boys & Girls Club afterschool programme: Barriers, facilitators and opportunities

Objective: To determine intervention needs and to gather stakeholder input regarding healthy eating promotion for youth members served at a Boys & Girls Club in Rochester, Minnesota. Design: Mixed-methods design informed by community-based participatory research principles. Setting and Method: Young people completed a dietary habits questionnaire and height and weight measure-ments. Focus groups gathered stakeholder – Boys & Girls Club members, staff, caregivers – perspectives on opportunities to improve children’s healthy eating through the club setting. Content analysis identified major themes in informants’ accounts. Results: Participants identified individual and environmental barriers to healthy eating and opportunities to reduce barriers at this Boys & Girls Club site. Few children met basic nutritional guidelines related to fruit, vegetable, milk and water consumption, and limiting consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, and nearly half were overweight/obese. Stakeholders expressed interest in healthy eating promotion and identified multiple individual-level, interpersonal and environmental opportunities to promote healthier eating through the Boys & Girls Club site. Conclusion: Findings build on a growing literature indicating afterschool programmes are uniquely positioned to address health disparities related to paediatric nutrition and obesity, and can be used to inform the design of a multi-layered intervention to address the complexities influencing dietary quality and obesity among diverse and underserved youth.
Positive mental health and burnout in first to fourth year medical students

Background: Medical students are at risk of poor mental health and burnout compared to general population age- and education-matched peers, which has future implications for patient care. Research has suggested that demographic factors can predict mental illness and burnout among medical students. However, less is known about predictors of mental health and how they compare to predictors of burnout, and few studies have examined multiple demographics simultaneously. Objectives: This study examined and compared demographic predictors (gender, ethnicity, age, level of education, year of study and proposed specialty) of mental health and burnout in first to fourth year Canadian medical students. Method: Medical students (n = 129) completed online surveys comprised of validated questionnaires. Results: Multiple regression indicated that third year (β = −.243, p = .013) negatively predicted mental health (R2 = 15.0%). Female gender (β = .242, p = .005), ‘other’ ethnicities (β = .189, p = .028), third year (β = .391, p < .001) and fourth year (β = .212, p = .023) positively predicted burnout (R2 = 32.7%). Female gender and fourth year predicted mental health and burnout differently. ‘Other’ ethnicity, second year and third year predicted mental health and burnout similarly. Conclusion: Findings fill gaps in the literature and may inform medical stakeholders in developing targeted programmes for improving medical students’ mental health and burnout. Medical students with greater well-being can progress into physicians who will be more likely to promote well-being in their patients.
Estimation of critical nitrogen contents in peach orchards using visible-near infrared spectral mixture analysis

The aim of this study was to predict the critical nitrogen (N) content in peach trees using spectrometric measurements. A nutrient-controlled hydroponics experiment was designed for this purpose. Peach saplings were grown under three N conditions: deficient, sufficient, and excessive. The reflectance values of a plant leaves were measured using a handheld field spectroradiometer fitted with a plant probe. The N contents of leaves were determined in the laboratory and Gaussian mixture discriminant analysis (GMDA) was used to estimate N levels in the leaves from reflectance values. The N levels were categorized for each of the three different N conditions. The wavelengths at 425 nm, 574 nm, 696 nm, and 700 nm were found to be diagnostic of the different N levels. The model developed here classified the experimental plants with high accuracy for NDeficient, 89.28%; NSufficient, 96.30%; and NExcess, 71.42% with 85.71% coefficients. The reliability of the model was also tested under field conditions using 96 peach trees representing the three different N status. Leaves were analyzed by reflectance at 425 nm, 574 nm, 696 nm, and 700 nm, which functioned in real N, percentage classes determined based on the laboratory analyses of the orchard samples, and the data were categorized as NDeficient, NSufficient, and NExcess with a similarity ratio of 77.78%, 80%, and 67.74%, respectively with the general correct classification rate of 75%. The study findings showed that the model developed using hyperspectral reflectance data can discriminate different N nutritional status in plants with an accuracy of ≥70% and can be applied under field conditions. The results of this research provide a new perspective for future studies by showing that GMDA with hyperspectral remote sensing may be useful for the classification of different plant nutrient contents.
Speculating on the Role of Context in the Outcomes of Interpretive Programs

Based on data from 272 live interpretive programs conducted across 24 units of the U.S. National Park Service, we investigate the influence of context upon interpretive programs and visitor outcomes. We first examined whether outcomes vary based upon the size of the audience and its age makeup; program characteristics such as duration, topic, and type; and characteristics of the setting including proximity to urban centers, program location (indoor vs. outdoor), and resource quality. We then examine whether different program or interpreter characteristics operate differently in different contexts by examining their relationships to visitor outcomes in four context pairings: programs with mostly children vs. mostly adults in the audience; culturally focused vs. environmentally focused programs; programs conducted in remote vs. urban parks; and indoor vs. outdoor programs. The findings suggest that a small number of program and interpreter characteristics may operate differently within different contexts. Based on these results, we propose hypotheses regarding which program characteristics appear to be more or less beneficial (or harmful) to generating desired visitor outcomes in different contexts.
Performance of heliconia under coconut garden and open field conditions

A Field experiment was conducted at ICAR Research Complex, Old Goa during 2004–2006 to evaluate the performance of heliconia under partial shade of coconut garden and open field conditions. Overall performance of varieties was better in open conditions for most of the characters. Interaction between varieties and conditions was found significant for all the characters studied. Among the varieties, maximum plant height, leaf size, stalk girth, spike length, spike width, spike and rhizome yield were observed in Golden Torch. Flowering was early in Golden Torch whereas it was late in Choconiana and Lady Di. Comparatively, the longevity of spikes and leaves of the variety Choconiana was more. All the varieties produced more spike and rhizome yield in open conditions when compared to shade.
Genetic Analysis Of Rabbit Litter Traits At Birth And Weaning

Data on 260 litters were used to provide therefore to estimate the heritability and estimates of heritability, repeatability, genetic and phenotypic correlations for litter traits at birth and at weaning. Breed, sire within breed and doe within sire effects were found to be significant, (P<0.05) for litter size at birth and at weaning and for litter weight at birth and at weaning. Heritability estimates of 0.33±0.08, 0.38±0.02, 0.03±0.02 and 0.16±0.05 were obtained for litter birth weight, litter size at birth, litter size at weaning and litter weaning weight, respectively. Repeatability estimates were found to be generally moderate to high. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were positive and significant (P<0.01). Selection for litter size at birth and litter birth weight are likely to result in improved litter size at weaning and litter weaning weight respectively.
Why Do They Come? Understanding Attendance at Ranger-Led Programs in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

This study examines the perceptions of interpretive rangers and of the visiting public regarding explanations for attendance of ranger-led interpretive programs at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Interpretive rangers’ perceptions about the most important barriers to program attendance were corroborated by park visitors and included a lack of awareness of the programs, insufficient time or inconvenient timing, and a preference for a more solitary park experience. While interpreters suggested that interest in a specific topic or place, the offering of a tangible reward or souvenir, and chance/serendipity would be the most consistently important predictors of attendance, surveys with park visitors suggested that desires to be entertained, a better chance to actually see the park's unique attractions, and a good group experience were more consistent motivators. This paper discusses recommendations for increasing interpretive program attendance and compares the value of collecting information about motivations for program attendance directly from visitors versus relying on ranger perceptions.
AFM Based Nanomechanical Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibril

Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) is the fundamental unit of almost all types of natural fibers and is regarded as one of the main factors that influence their mechanical properties. Besides, owing to having a high aspect ratio, it is increasingly being used in the research of nanocomposite as a reinforcement recently. In order to utilize CNF as reinforcement more effectively, it is important to have a comprehensive idea about the mechanical properties of individual CNFs. Most of the studies are focused on the elastic modulus in the longitudinal direction, but the study of the elastic modulus in the transverse direction is still lacking. In this study, a single strand of CNF was subjected to an atomic force microscopy to characterize the surface morphology of CNF and determine the transverse elastic modulus through nanoindentation. The transverse elastic modulus of CNF was calculated to be 6.9 ± 0.4 GPa using extended JKR model.
‘We will not be pacified’: From freedom fighters to feminists

Whether hailed for transitioning to the ballot box, or condemned for failing to hold elections, Africa’s postcolonial states exhibit profound contradictions in the arena of gender politics. Where reforms have been achieved, implementation remains minimal, as undemocratic state structures and uncivil societies alike lack the political will to change. This article addresses the emergence of feminism as an intellectual and political force for freedom that radically challenges the ongoing exploitation and oppression of women in Africa. It focuses on the contribution of radical intellectuals to the theory and practice of women’s movements, arguing that the research, analysis, and activism they carry out defines them as a radical public intellectual cadre that continuously mobilizes with, by, and for women to pursue liberation for themselves as much as others.
Territory Limiting the Size of the Breeding Population of the Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)--A Removal Experiment

The top of the island of Skokholm (off the south-west tip of Wales) is a plateau of 106 ha surrounded by cliffs 15-50 m high, and virtually the whole of the area is included in the territories of oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus L.). Since 1963, continuous and detailed observations have been made on the Skokholm oystercatcher population and the normal situation is well documented (Harris 1967; Safriel 1967; Harris, Safriel & Britton unpublished). The population has remained stable, at about forty to fifty pairs, for many years and in the period 1963-68 varied only between forty-nine and fifty-two pairs. The population on the neighbouring island of Skomer, with which there is an interchange of young birds but not of adults, has similarly remained stable, at between fifty-eight and seventy-three pairs in the period 1963-69. As well as these breeders there are always nonbreeders in territories and in a roost on the shores of the only permanent pond. Breeding oystercatchers are extremely territorial, and, with the population already well documented and colour-ringed, it was possible to test by experimental removal of birds whether the constancy in the breeding pairs was due (a) to the recruitment of young birds balancing out the normal between-season losses of breeders, or (b) to the territorial behaviour of the breeders excluding some sexually mature birds from breeding (as would seem likely in view of the flock of non-breeders and the constancy of breeding numbers).
The risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy before and after a breast cancer diagnosis

This is an important and controversial topic. The risk of breast cancer diagnosis associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often assumed by health care professionals and the lay public alike to be very high, which may adversely influence decisions about its initiation and continuance. This is despite the fact that most women will not be diagnosed in their lifetime, and any risk conferred by HRT is less than that of other postmenopausal lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer (e.g. obesity and alcohol). The impact of HRT on breast cancer diagnosis is often discussed in isolation of its benefits, and there is no or little simultaneous reference to the other lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer to provide context when counselling women about its use. This consensus statement provides an overview of the association between HRT and breast cancer outcomes in women at low and higher risk of breast cancer. It has been updated in light of a recent meta-analysis in 2019 by the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (CGHFBC) and publication in 2020 of the long-term outcomes from the placebo-controlled, randomised Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study. A summary of recommendations for clinical practice is provided at the end of this statement.
Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of Parkia speciosa

Aim: The present research work was performed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and antiradical property of methanolic extract of pods of Parkia speciosa. Materials and Methods: In the present studies, quantitative estimation of flavonoids content and phenolic content was also carried out by colorimetric methods, using aluminum chloride and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method, respectively, to establish a relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolics and flavonoid contents. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity were determined using different in vitro assays including reducing power assay and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay method. Results and Discussion: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that the extract of P. speciosa possesses flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic materials. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 14.16 ± 0.02 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight and 5.28 ± 0.03 mg rutin equivalents/g dry weight, respectively. The extract showed significant antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner in both the assays. The IC50 values of all parameters were determined. Ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene were used as a standard. Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study indicated that P. speciosa pod methanolic extract could be a potential source of natural antioxidant.
Development, evaluation, and validation of machine learning models for COVID-19 detection based on routine blood tests

Abstract Objectives The rRT-PCR test, the current gold standard for the detection of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), presents with known shortcomings, such as long turnaround time, potential shortage of reagents, false-negative rates around 15–20%, and expensive equipment. The hematochemical values of routine blood exams could represent a faster and less expensive alternative. Methods Three different training data set of hematochemical values from 1,624 patients (52% COVID-19 positive), admitted at San Raphael Hospital (OSR) from February to May 2020, were used for developing machine learning (ML) models: the complete OSR dataset (72 features: complete blood count (CBC), biochemical, coagulation, hemogasanalysis and CO-Oxymetry values, age, sex and specific symptoms at triage) and two sub-datasets (COVID-specific and CBC dataset, 32 and 21 features respectively). 58 cases (50% COVID-19 positive) from another hospital, and 54 negative patients collected in 2018 at OSR, were used for internal-external and external validation. Results We developed five ML models: for the complete OSR dataset, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the algorithms ranged from 0.83 to 0.90; for the COVID-specific dataset from 0.83 to 0.87; and for the CBC dataset from 0.74 to 0.86. The validations also achieved good results: respectively, AUC from 0.75 to 0.78; and specificity from 0.92 to 0.96. Conclusions ML can be applied to blood tests as both an adjunct and alternative method to rRT-PCR for the fast and cost-effective identification of COVID-19-positive patients. This is especially useful in developing countries, or in countries facing an increase in contagions.
Evaluation of a Third-Generation Zoo Exhibit in Relation to Visitor Behavior and Interpretation Use

This study, conducted over a four-year period at Chester Zoo in the UK, sought to evaluate the impact on visitor behavior and interpretation use that a transition from second- to third-generation zoo exhibit might affect. Visitors spent more time in the newer exhibit (even when allowing for relative floor area) and visitor time budgets suggest a high degree of visitor interaction with different exhibit elements. Specific interpretive elements were analyzed in detail, using quasi-quantitative methods in addition to more standard timing and tracking measures. From this, a proportional relationship between time and visitor engagement is proposed. Areas that were highlighted as under-performing during evaluation were retrofitted with simple, but highly visible, instructional signage and this was found to increase the proportion of visitors that stopped, and how long they stopped in a significant way.
The effect of climate on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of findings, and statistical and modelling techniques

The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has spread rapidly around the world since it was first reported in humans in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 after being contracted from a zoonotic source. This new virus produces the so-called coronavirus 2019 or COVID-19. Although several studies have supported the epidemiological hypothesis that weather patterns may affect the survival and spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases, the most recent have concluded that summer weather may offer partial or no relief of the COVID-19 pandemic to some regions of the world. Some of these studies have considered only meteorological variables, while others have included non-meteorological factors. The statistical and modelling techniques considered in this research line have included correlation analyses, generalized linear models, generalized additive models, differential equations, or spatio-temporal models, among others. In this paper we provide a systematic review of the recent literature on the effects of climate on COVID-19’s global expansion. The review focuses on both the findings and the statistical and modelling techniques used. The disparate findings reported seem to indicate that the estimated impact of hot weather on the transmission risk is not large enough to control the pandemic, although the wide range of statistical and modelling approaches considered may have partly contributed to the inconsistency of the findings. In this regard, we highlight the importance of being aware of the limitations of the different mathematical approaches, the influence of choosing geographical units and the need to analyse COVID-19 data with great caution. The review seems to indicate that governments should remain vigilant and maintain the restrictions in force against the pandemic rather than assume that warm weather and ultraviolet exposure will naturally reduce COVID-19 transmission.
The Difference between Good Enough and Great: Bringing Interpretive Best Practices to Life

The purpose of this paper is to illuminate in both a quantitative and qualitative sense the practices that distinguish great interpretive programs from those that may merely be adequate to satisfy the visitor's basic desires to learn, be entertained, or spend time with a ranger. Great programs, like great works of art, have the potential to impact audiences in a deeper sense by providing memorable experiences that may influence multiple aspects of visitors’ lives. This paper draws on experiences from three months of fieldwork, observing 376 interpretive programs across 24 units of the U.S. National Park Service, to illustrate examples of program elements that distinguished what we considered to be the best programs we observed.
‘This time I’m (not) voting’: A comprehensive overview of campaign factors influencing turnout at European Parliament elections

Research has investigated numerous factors influencing turnout for European Parliament elections but paid insufficient attention to the role of campaign influences. Using survey data collected in the context of the 2019 European Parliament elections, we assess citizens’ passive exposure to media coverage and political advertisements, active forms of engagement such as visiting a party’s website and interpersonal communication on- and offline. We test to which extent these activities contribute to the likelihood that citizens vote. Our study highlights the importance of information factors beyond well-established turnout determinants. The results confirm the mobilizing influence of a number of variables, but we also find consistent negative effects of online forms of communication and engagement. We discuss these findings with regard to a potentially ‘toxic’ online information environment.
Covid-19 and feminism in the Global South: Challenges, initiatives and dilemmas

The article addresses the gendered implications of Covid-19 in the Global South by paying attention to the intersectional pre-existing inequalities that have given rise to specific risks and vulnerabilities. It explores various aspects of the pandemic-induced ‘crisis of social reproduction’ that affects women as the main caregivers as well as addressing the drastic increase of various forms of gender-based violence. Both, in addition to growing poverty and severely limited access to resources and health services, are particularly devastating in marginalized and vulnerable communities in the Global South. The article looks at specific regions and countries to illustrate wider challenges faced by LGBTQ populations, ethnic minorities, domestic workers, migrants and sex workers. Against the background of these gendered intersectional challenges, the article then moves to discuss feminist initiatives and mobilizations to deal with the crisis in specific local contexts as well as nationally, regionally and transnationally. It concludes by highlighting a number of visions, tensions and dilemmas faced by feminists in the Global South that will need to be taken into consideration in terms of transnational feminist solidarities.