Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scale-dependent enstrophy production rates in a turbulent boundary layer

Coarse-graining is indispensable for extracting a hierarchy of vortices in fully developed turbulent ﬂow with multiscale nature. In the present study, for a high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layer, we employ two simple coarse-graining methods in real space; namely, a Gaussian ﬁlter and the combination of the Gaussian ﬁlters at two scales. The former corresponds to a low-pass ﬁlter of Fourier modes, while the latter corresponds to a band-pass ﬁlter. We also examine two di ﬀ erent ﬁlter widths for the band-pass ﬁlter. Then, we show di ﬀ erence in the statistics of the three ﬁltered ﬁelds. Since the velocity gradients in turbulence are mainly determined by the smallest-scale motions, vortical structures identiﬁed by the second invariant Q of the velocity gradient coarse-grained by the ﬁlters are similar. However, there is di ﬀ erence between low- and band-pass ﬁltered ﬁelds in the contribution to the enstrophy production rates. This is because the production rates are determined not only by the magnitude of the strain rates but also by the alignment between the vorticity and the stretching direction. In addition, since vortices are not created in the entire system, the conditional sampling by the value of Q is essential to understand the generation mechanism of the hierarchy of vortices. The conditional analysis of the band-pass ﬁltered ﬁelds demonstrates that small-scale vortices in the log layer are stretched by twice-larger vortices, whereas they weaken the twice-larger vortices. This observation is consistent with the picture of the energy cascade. We also show that when using the band-pass ﬁlter, these conclusions are robust irrespective of the choice of the ﬁlter width.
Role of Serum Progesterone in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy and Missed Abortion

*Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist Alkindy Medical College/ Baghdad University Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital. **Senior Resident at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital. Candidate of Iraqi Board of Medical Specialization. uterine smooth muscle (2) . the progesterone production from corpus luteum is dependent on the slop of hCG increase in early pregnancy. The half-life of progesterone clearance is only 2 h compared to 24-36 h for serum HCG. As a result serum progesterone levels will respond quickly to any decrease in HCG production. The progesterone measurement can therefore be used as a bioassay of early pregnancy viability. Serum progesterone <20 nmol/1 reflects fast decreasing HCG levels and can be used to diagnose spontaneously resolving pregnancies with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 91%. Progesterone levels > 60 nmol / indicate a normal increase in HCG levels, but those between 20 and ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: diagnosis of early pregnancy failure (ectopic pregnancy and missed abortion) still challenging even by using of serial B-HCG and ultrasound. Serum progesterone hormone level value is regarded as one of the important diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of many obstetrical and gynecological conditions; one of these is early pregnancy failure. OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of serum progesterone level in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and missed abortion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study is conducted at Al-Elwiyah Maternity Teaching Hospital throughout the period between (April 2010 –July 2011). Ninety women participated in the study, they are at their early weeks of gestation (6-10) weeks. Their ages were between 18-40 years. thirty of them served as a control group (normal intrauterine pregnancy) and sixty pregnant women included in the study group and subcategorized into 2 groups. thirty women with suspected sub-acute or chronic cases of ectopic pregnancy according to ultrasound and β-HCG results and 30 women served as suspected missed abortion. blood samples were taken from the three groups followed by another blood samples after two-day interval to measure of serum progesterone levels. the results were compared among the three groups at first and second readings. p-value, standard deviation and 95% confidence interval calculated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: P-value of the serial measurements of serum progesterone levels in two-day interval in the three groups was statistically insignificant. while serum progesterone levels of both ectopic pregnancy and missed abortion were greatly lower than serum progesterone levels of normal intrauterine pregnancy in both first and second readings, with statistically significant deference, P-value is CONCLUSION: Serum progesterone levels has a useful role in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and missed abortion.
Listeria rhombencephalitis" cases with early diagnosis and favourable outcome

We present 2 cases of Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis (L-RE), both affecting previously healthy adult men. Each of them developed a diphasic syndrome first characterized by fever, nausea and headache, followed, in a second phase, by severe brain stern dysfunction at the level of the pons, with meningism, multiple cranial nerve palsies, ataxia, and, in one case, seizures. The early examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated the presence of Gram-positive bacilli whose typical characteristics were compatible with those of Listeria, allowing for immediate administration of a specific therapy. Neuroimaging techniques (either CT or MRI) did not provide any evidence of brain stem involvement, and they did not positively contribute to the diagnostic process. The immediate use of a specific antibiotic therapy led to a favourable clinical outcome for both patients.
Does the Stock Market Value Inclusion in a Sustainability Index? Evidence from Borsa Istanbul

This study examines the relationships between corporate sustainability (CS) performance of the companies (proxied by inclusion in sustainability index) listed in Borsa Istanbul (BIST, Istanbul, Turkey) and market-specific company performance measures over the period of 2014–2017. The results show that there is no strong evidence of the effect of inclusion in or exclusion from the BIST Sustainability Index (BIST SI) on stock returns and systematic risk (betas) of companies. However, the results reveal that inclusion in the BIST SI reduces the total risk of the companies and protects them from stock declines in case of a severe crisis by improving their resilience compared to other companies not included in the BIST SI. Although no significant link is found concerning the impact of the companies’ inclusion on the level of foreign ownership, a positive association is noted between BIST SI inclusion and the level of institutional ownership.
Pan-organ model integration of metabolic and regulatory processes in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a systemic disease triggered by a local autoimmune inflammatory reaction in insulin-producing cells that disrupts the glucose-insulin-glucagon system and induces organ-wide, long-term effects on glycolytic and nonglycolytic processes. Mathematical modeling of the whole-body regulatory bihormonal system has helped to identify intervention points to ensure better control of T1D but was limited to a coarse-grained representation of metabolism. To extend the depiction of T1D, we developed a whole-body model using a novel integrative modeling framework that links organ-specific regulation and metabolism. The developed framework allowed the correct prediction of disrupted metabolic processes in T1D, highlighted pathophysiological processes common with neurodegenerative disorders, and suggested calcium channel blockers as potential adjuvants for diabetes control. Additionally, the model predicted the occurrence of insulin-dependent rewiring of interorgan crosstalk. Moreover, a simulation of a population of virtual patients allowed an assessment of the impact of inter and intraindividual variability on insulin treatment and the implications for clinical outcomes. In particular, GLUT4 was suggested as a potential pharmacogenomic regulator of intraindividual insulin efficacy. Taken together, the organ-resolved, dynamic model may pave the way for a better understanding of human pathology and model-based design of precise allopathic strategies.
Ramath: Mobile Application for Math Learning using Augmented Reality

This paper presents a mobile application (app) using Augmented Reality (AR) with the support of game play mechanics in a non-game application, oriented to help 12 to 15 year’s old students to learn several math subjects. We associate concepts such as gamiﬁcation and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) within the app, making the subjects much more interesting to the students and encouraging them to be fearless of math by taking advantage of the human’s psychological predisposition to engage in gaming. With the collected information from the research and the help of a predictive algorithm, we try to show how much the technology can help in education
Examination cheating: Risks to the quality and integrity of higher education

We examine the exigencies and impact of examination cheating, focusing specifically on the prevalence and risk of cheating taking place in examination venues. We document the problem with global coverage and note the consistency of the scourge and highlight the different approaches of institutions to dealing with the risk. Stressing the prejudice arising from examination cheating to both universities specifically and society generally, one of the root causes of the risk, namely the moral compass and ethical norms of university students and the societies in which they function, is discussed. The innovation of students when working out cheating practices and the facilitating effects of technology are considered as a backdrop to exemplars of good practices that have been implemented to mitigate the reality and risk of examination fraud. Recognising examination cheating as a fraud on society and a critical risk to university reputation, we question whether university leadership recognises the risk and gives it adequate (and responsible) emphasis in strategic and operational organisational risk identification and management.
Alfabetización en salud y control de la diabetes en pacientes de un hospital universitario de Argentina

Health literacy (HL) is a measure of a patient ability to read, understand and to take decisions on medical instructions. Patients with inadequate HL have poorer health outcomes than those with adequate HL. There is little information on HL levels in diabetic patients in Argentina. The aim of this study was to explore the association between HL and glycemic control in diabetic patients from a university hospital in Argentina. HL was assessed with the Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Spanish-speaking Adults (SAHLSA), glycemic control through glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); 156 patients (58% women) took part in the study. Average SAHLSA score was 35 (range: 11-50). Patients with inadequate values of HL had HbA1c of 8.15% vs. 7.15% among those with adequate HL (p = 0.0001). The multiple linear regression shows that inadequate HL was significantly associated with poorer glycemic control (β = -0.05 IC 95% -0.07; -0.02, p < 0.001). Efforts should focus on developing interventions to improve glycemic control among patients with inadequate HL.
The use of linked electronic health data to investigate the burden and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia among older individuals in the United Kingdom.

The aim of this thesis was to use large linked electronic health datasets from primary and secondary care to better estimate the burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in older adults in the UK, and to identify the determinants of severe outcomes of these common infections. Hospitalisation for CAP is increasingly common in this older age group, and these patients remain at an elevated mortality risk for over a year after hospital discharge, making this an important area of study. CAP incidence was estimated at 7.99 episodes/1000 person-years (IQR:7.92-8.07/1000); rates were higher in men than women and rose strikingly with age. CAP incidence generally increased between 1997 and 2011, but this growth was attenuated when the rates were age-standardised. To separate trends in incidence from trends in treatment location, CAP episodes admitted to hospital within 28 days of diagnosis were compared to CAP episodes that were not hospitalised. A wide range of factors potentially associated with hospital admission were investigated, and 14 co-morbidities, five frailty factors, and four medications/vaccinations were identified. Despite adjusting for these factors, the average predicted probability of hospitalisation after CAP rose from 57% (1998-2000) to 86% (2009-2010), while duration of hospitalisation and 28-day mortality decreased. Finally, prognostic models were developed with the aim of assisting GPs in identifying CAP patients with an unexpectedly high mortality risk in the year after hospital discharge. Among 17 factors identified, increasing age, dementia, congestive heart failure, low weight, residential care and leukaemia/lymphoma were the strongest positive predictors of mortality, while being female, an ex-smoker and pneumococcal vaccination received more than a year ago had the strongest negative effects. The model showed a reasonable ability to distinguish between patients who died and survived. The linked data used in this study allowed greater capture of incident CAP episodes and thus better estimates of the burden of disease. They also provided enriched patient medical histories, enabling detailed examination of the determinants of hospitalisation or death after CAP. The results presented will be of use to both clinicians and health planners as the UK’s population ages, and burden of CAP increases. Further work is needed to fully understand the increasing hospitalisation trend seen, and to externally validate the prognostic models developed.
Environmental policy expansion in the EU: the intriguing case of bioinvasion regulation

ABSTRACT While bioinvasion was an issue of low political salience in Europe, a new regulation addressing it was adopted in 2014 with strong support. This article analyzes the making of the regulation as an intriguing case of policy expansion amid economic crisis. Based on theoretical literature on drivers of EU policy integration and policy dismantling, alternative plausible explanations are explored. Our main finding is that development of economic policy consensus among member states on trade-environment nexus was crucial for progress towards regulatory action. Policy consensus has been driven by a confluence of three domestic factors: trade liberalization, market disintegration, and changing ideas about the desirability of EU-level law, with the European Commission as policy entrepreneur. Low political salience has also had an important effect. It has increased the influence of transnational conservation alliances, which have played a significant catalytic role in building consensus by shifting consciousness to economic reward of policy action vs inaction, and bringing international models for legislative reform to the EU jurisdiction.
Flux-Based Ozone Risk Assessment for a Plant Injury Index (PII) in Three European Cool-Temperate Deciduous Tree Species

This study investigated visible foliar ozone (O3) injury in three deciduous tree species with different growth patterns (indeterminate, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. ; intermediate, Sorbus aucuparia L. ; and determinate, Vaccinium myrtillus L. ) from May to August 2018. Ozone effects on the timing of injury onset and a plant injury index (PII) were investigated using two O3 indices, i.e., AOT40 (accumulative O3 exposure over 40 ppb during daylight hours) and PODY (phytotoxic O3 dose above a flux threshold of Y nmol m−2 s−1). A new parameterization for PODY estimation was developed for each species. Measurements were carried out in an O3 free-air controlled exposure (FACE) experiment with three levels of O3 treatment (ambient, AA; 1.5 × AA; and 2.0 × AA). Injury onset was found in May at 2.0 × AA in all three species and the timing of the onset was determined by the amount of stomatal O3 uptake. It required 4.0 mmol m−2 POD0 and 5.5 to 9.0 ppm·h AOT40. As a result, A. glutinosa with high stomatal conductance (gs) showed the earliest emergence of O3 visible injury among the three species. After the onset, O3 visible injury expanded to the plant level as confirmed by increased PII values. In A. glutinosa with indeterminate growth pattern, a new leaf formation alleviated the expansion of O3 visible injury at the plant level. V. myrtillus showed a dramatic increase of PII from June to July due to higher sensitivity to O3 in its flowering and fruiting stage. Ozone impacts on PII were better explained by the flux-based index, PODY, as compared with the exposure-based index, AOT40. The critical levels (CLs) corresponding to PII = 5 were 8.1 mmol m−2 POD7 in A. glutinosa, 22 mmol m−2 POD0 in S. aucuparia, and 5.8 mmol m−2 POD1 in V. myrtillus. The results highlight that the CLs for PII are species-specific. Establishing species-specific O3 flux-effect relationships should be key for a quantitative O3 risk assessment.
EVALUATION OF STROKE RISK FACTORS AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE IN BAGHDAD

Introduction: Identification of stroke risk factors is of great importance to prevent the disease and its sequels. Objective: Is to analyze the known stroke risk factors and to study the education level, housing condition and economic status as possible relevant stroke risk factors. Patients and methods: 510 patients with ischemic stroke of different types and severity who were admitted to 3 hospitals in Baghdad. The patients were examined and investigated thoroughly. Special emphasis was concentrated on education level, housing condition and economic status. Results: 510 patients were studied, 215 females and 295 males. The study showed 16 % higher male prevalence. Hypertension is commonest risk factor in the present study (75.5%) followed by other risk factors. the study showed a higher number of stroke patients [44.7%] was illiterate, in comparison to [9%] of the patients with the higher education. The study showed more prevalence of the stroke patients [90.39%] live in crowded small houses. The study showed [36%] of stroke patients belongs to families with below 100 USD monthly incomes. Discussion: Higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking and also poor health awareness in patients with low educational levels, poor economic state and poor housing condition. Conclusion: Stroke is increased in low educational levels, poor economic state and poor housing condition. There is a high percentage of hypertension not previously diagnosed despite stigmata of chronic hypertension.
Quantification of Artifacts in MR Images Caused by Commonly Used Dental Materials

Background: Although new approaches for application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dentistry have been promising, thepresenceof dentalmaterialsintheoralcavityrepresentsamajorobstacletogeneratingqualityMRIdata. Theresultingartifacts can adversely aﬀect diagnostic accuracy of oral and maxillofacial conditions. Objectives: This study aimed to detect and assess artifacts caused by metallic and non-metallic dental materials in MR images. MaterialsandMethods: Nineteencommonlyuseddentalmaterialswereusedinaninvitroassay. Anemptycube-shapedphantom with internal dimensions of 15 × 15 × 15 cm 3 was fabricated of polyester and ﬁlled with paraﬃn or distilled water to create optimal contrast for T1-weighted (T1W; for anatomical structures), T2-weighted (T2W, for pathological conditions) and proton density-weighted (PDW) MR images. Dental material samples were manufactured and placed at the center of the mold using polyester tubes. All samples were then subjected to MRI using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) T1W, T2W and PDW imaging sequences. The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by mean comparison using the Tukey’s test. Results: Comparisonofmeanartifactsizein2Dand3Dimagesshowedthatceramiccausedthesmallest(189.48mm 3 )andorthodon-ticmetalbracketscausedthelargest(4307.5mm 3 )artifactareas. Assessmentof theamountof artifactscreatedindiﬀerentimaging sequencesrevealedminimalartifactininversionrecoverysequenceandmaximumartifactingradientechosequenceoftheamount of artifacts at diﬀerent weighing times in 2D and 3D images showed minimal artifacts in PDW and maximum artifacts in T2W. Conclusion: Bracket,titaniumimplants,andthenickel-chromium(Ni-Cr)materialsarethethreemostsusceptiblematerialstoex-ternalB0magneticﬁeld;thuscreatinghugemetal-inducedartifacts. TheSiemensdefaulttwodimensionalturbospinecho(2D-TSE), 2D-BLADE, three dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (3D-VIBE) and three dimensional sampling perfec-tionwithapplicationoptimizedcontrastsusingdiﬀerentﬂipangleevolution(3D-SPACE)arethemostappropriatepulsesequences for the 2D-T1W, 2D-T2W, 3D-T1W, and 3D-T2W evaluations of the bracket/titanium /Ni-Cr materials, respectively. The rest of the mate-rials’ magnetic susceptibility eﬀects are negligible, and artifacts are small.
Effective Physical Therapy Treatment of Post-Cesarean Section Low Back Pain – Case Report

Introduction: Treatment of low back pain after cesarean section has been studied with exercise programs, but there has been little with a full physical therapy treatment plan involving manual therapy and therapeutic exercise. Case: 38 year old female 2.5 years after cesarean section. Presenting with a previous history of low back pain treated by laminectomy. Patient reported marked difficulty lifting her child due to low back pain. Interventions: Manual therapy was performed, involving soft tissue manipulation, to abdominal muscles, gluteal muscles, and SI joints. Therapeutic exercise involved strengthening the abdominals and gluteus medius muscles. Patient was treated 7 times over 5 weeks. Outcomes: Pain on Verbal Numeric rating scale (VNRS) decreased from 6-7/10 to 0/10. Objective measure by Focus on Therapeutic Outcomes (FOTO) lumbar scale showed improvement from 59 to 82, with an increase of 8 points being a clinically significant improvement. Patient was able to lift her child pain-free. Conclusions: A physical therapy treatment plan combining manual therapy and therapeutic exercise was very effective in treating a patient with low back pain after a cesarean section. Case Study Hui; JAMMR, 22(12): 1-5, 2017; Article no.JAMMR. 34897 2
Successful repair of complex rectovaginal fistula by modified Martius procedure: A case report

A Rectovaginal fistula is one of the rare diseases accounting to 5% of anovaginal fistulas resulting in a distressing condition to the patient and a challenging task to her physician. Most fistulae arise in anal canal beginning distal to pectinate line and are more accurately be considered as anovaginal fistulae. This results in the uncontrolled passage of flatus or fecus through the fistulous tract into the vagina. It is a socially disabling condition for the patient. Further difficulties arise in planning the mode of treatment depending on the site and etiology of fistula. Treatment failures are because of contaminated operative site, high-pressure anal canal and usually procedures without diversion, creating a challenge for both the patience of the affected individual and surgeon`s skill. Here we present a case report of a complex rectovaginal fistula which was successfully repaired by Modified Martius procedure.