Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Feedback with Video-based Peer Modeling on Learning and Self-efficacy

In this study, we examined the effect of video-based feedback designed to highlight a peer engaging in effective thinking processes on self-efficacy beliefs and learning outcomes (performance on a delayed quiz). Students in an introductory statistics course participated in an online learning activity where they received feedback in one of three randomly assigned conditions: a video of a peer demonstrating the process of arriving at a correct answer (mastery condition), a peer making mistakes then self-correcting those errors before arriving at a correct answer (coping condition), or a screenshot of a peer’s correct worked example (as a control). Results indicated that students who watched the mastery videos, but not the coping videos, rated their self-efficacy higher and scored higher on a class quiz taken more than a day after the feedback intervention than students who viewed a worked example. However, students in the two video conditions did not significantly differ in terms of either self-efficacy and quiz performance. The results of this study, although modest in scope, illustrate how the design of feedback could lead to noticeable differences in student learning.
Curvature Perturbations in Anisotropic Inflation with Symmetry Breaking

We study curvature perturbations in the anisotropic inflationary model with a complex scalar field charged under a $U(1)$ gauge field in Bianchi I universe. Due to Abelian Higgs mechanism, the gauge field receives an additional longitudinal mode. We verify that the dominant contributions into statistical anisotropies come from matter fields perturbations and one can neglect the contributions from the metric perturbations. It is shown that the contribution of longitudinal mode into the statistical anisotropy power spectrum, though exponentially small, has an opposite sign compared to the corresponding contribution from the transverse mode. We obtain an upper bound on gauge coupling in order to satisfy the observational constraints on curvature perturbations anisotropy.
The efficacy of denosumab in Korean male patients with osteoporosis

Background/Aims Despite the prominence of denosumab as the number one prescribed anti-osteoporosis drug in Korea, the effects of denosumab in male osteoporosis patients were not researched sufficiently. Moreover, concerns on rebound vertebral fractures associated with poor denosumab adherence exist. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 147 Korean male osteoporosis patients treated with denosumab. After 12 months of treatment, 60 patients were lost during follow-up, and eight were excluded due to missing data. Out of the initial 147 patients, 79 were considered eligible for the analysis of the efficacy of denosumab. 54 patients were initially drug-naïve, and 25 had previously received bisphosphonate therapy. Results In 54 drug-naïve patients, significant increases in bone mineral density (BMD) were observed in all measurement sites: 5.2% ± 3.7% in the lumbar spine, 2.3% ± 2.8% in the femoral neck, and 1.9% ± 2.8% in the total hip (p < 0.01, respectively). Trabecular bone score showed an increase of 0.5% ± 5.8% in drug-naïve patients. Likewise, in 25 patients with previous bisphosphonate treatment, increase in BMD were observed as well: 4.8% ± 3.5% in the lumbar spine, 1.4% ± 3.6% in the femoral neck, and 0.8% ± 2.1% in the total hip (p < 0.01, p = 0.06, p = 0.06, respectively). Significant declines of −55.1% ± 31.8% in C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), and −62.9% ± 21.3% in total procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), in drug-naïve patients; and −37.7% ± 41.5%, in CTX and −55.4% ± 30.1%, in P1NP in patients with previous bisphosphonate treatment were exhibited after 12 months of treatment. The adherence rates of the second and third dosing schedules were 79.9% and 56.8%, respectively. Conclusions Our study indicates that denosumab is effective in increasing BMD in Korean osteoporosis males regardless of prior bisphosphonate treatment.
Governmental relations and HIV service delivery

This chapter reports on some of the main findings of a research project that examined intergovernmental relations in the health sector in South Africa. The study focused on HIV/AIDS services but the intention was to use HIV/AIDS as a tracer or probe of broader health system functioning. The main objectives of the research were to describe what HIV/AIDS services are provided, how the different functions are allocated between government actors, and how they are then coordinated.
Dynamics and depletion in thermally supercritical starless cores

In previous studies, we identified two classes of starless cores, thermally subcritical and supercritical, distinguished by different dynamical behaviour and internal structure. Here, we study the evolution of the dynamically unstable, thermally supercritical cores by means of a numerical hydrodynamic simulation that includes radiative equilibrium and simple molecular chemistry. From an initial state as an unstable Bonnor-Ebert (BE) sphere, a contracting core evolves towards the configuration of a singular isothermal sphere by inside-out collapse. We follow the gas temperature and abundance of CO during the contraction. The temperature is predominantly determined by radiative equilibrium, but in the rapidly contracting centre of the core compressive heating raises the gas temperature by a few degrees over its value in static equilibrium. The time-scale for the equilibration of CO depends on the gas density and is everywhere shorter than the dynamical time-scale. The result is that the dynamics do not much affect the abundance of CO which is always close to that of a static sphere of the same density profile, and CO cannot be used as a chemical clock in starless cores. We use our non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) radiative transfer code MOLLIE to predict observable CO and N 2 H + line spectra, including the non-LTE hyperfine ratios of N 2 H + , during the contraction. These are compared against observations of the starless core L1544. The comparison indicates that the dust in L1544 has an opacity consistent with ice-covered rather than bare grains, the cosmic ray ionization rate is about 1 × 10 -17 s -1 and the density structure of L1544 is approximately that of a BE sphere with a maximum central density of 2 x 10 7 cm -3 , equivalent to an average density of 3 x 10 6 cm -3 within a radius of 500 au. The observed CO linewidths and intensities are reproduced if the CO desorption rate is about 30 times higher than the rate expected from cosmic ray strikes alone, indicating that other desorption processes are also active.
Mixed Opinion Dynamics Based on DeGroot Model and Hegselmann–Krause Model in Social Networks

Most existing opinion formation processes apply one opinion dynamics model. However, this article combines opinion formation and complex networks to innovatively develop two new opinion dynamics models to more realistically describe the opinion evolution process: 1) an opinion similarity mixed (OSM) model and 2) a structural similarity mixed (SSM) model, both of which include characteristics from the DeGroot model and the Hegselmann–Krause bounded confidence model. In addition, the strong and weak relations between individuals are considered. The network dynamically changes by two developed network updating algorithms based on opinion similarity and structural similarity. Simulations are then conducted using artificial and real-world networks, which are Erdös-Rényi random networks, random regular networks, scale-free networks, and the Twitter network. It is found that compared with static networks, the opinion evolution in dynamic networks produces fewer opinion clusters and smaller opinion variances. The dynamic network mechanism reduces the weak relations between agents and improves the global clustering coefficient in the ER random networks but not in the Twitter network, which means that the network topology has an impact on results. Therefore, it is concluded that agents’ subjective behaviors significantly influence the outcome of opinion evolution and networks, which is consistent with real life.
Media Coverage and Stock Returns on the London Stock Exchange, 1825-70

News media plays an important role in modern financial markets. In this paper, we analyse the role played by the news media in an historical financial market. Using The Times's coverage of companies listed on the London stock market between 1825 and 1870, we examine the determinants of media coverage in this era and whether there was a media discount. Our main finding is that a media discount only manifests itself after the mid-1840s and that the introduction of arm's-length ownership along with markedly increased market participation was the main reason for the emergence of this discount.
Measuring Liquidity in an Emerging Market: The Tunis Stock Exchange

In recent years, researches on microstructure have experienced considerable extensions. A major question that still has no precise answer is about measuring liquidity. Several measures were proposed in the literature in order to assess and understand this concept. This diversity of measures emanates from the main feature of liquidity which is multidimensionality. However, measuring liquidity constitutes the starting point for every research in this area. Indeed, the purpose of the present paper is to revisit the most complete measure of the intraday liquidity i.e. VNET and its main properties within an emerging market setting that is the Tunis Stock exchange.
Enhanced Sequential Representation Augmented with Utterance-level Attention for Response Selection

Response selection is the task of choosing a correct response from a set of candidates. Predicting the next utterance is important in a dialog system since it helps the conversational agents converse consistently with humans. We propose an end-to-end response selection model for one of the tasks in the seventh Dialog System Technology Challenges (DSTC 7). The proposed model is based on word-level ESIM (Enhanced Sequential Inference Model) augmented with utterance-level attention. In the dialog system, it is important to consider utterance-level representation in addition to word-level representation. Utilizing utterance-level attention, utterance embeddings are constructed using sentence embeddings, utterance positional information, and user representations. Then we use an attention mechanism to find the most relevant utterances among many response candidates. Quantitative evaluation results for the tasks show that the proposed model outperforms the existing baselines.
The frequency and related factors of primary headaches in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of primary headache and potential biomarkers in patients diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis. METHODS Patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis referred to the outpatient endocrinology clinic were included in the study. The demographic data, thyroid function test results, and autoantibody titers were recorded. The headache's clinical characteristics were also determined. The same researcher used the visual analog scale for headache severity rating in all patients. RESULTS 155 patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis were included the study. There were 95 (61.3%) cases diagnosed with headache consisting of 20 (21.1%) migraine cases, 17 (17.9%) tension type headaches (TTHs), and 20 (21.1%) new daily persistent headaches (NDPHs). 38 of 155 (24.5%) had hypothyroidism related headaches (HRHs). There was no statistically significant relationship between the headache type and a high blood antibody level anti thyroid peroxidase antibody (p=0.135), while a positive correlation was found with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (p<0.001). Hashimoto patients with migraine (n=14, 70.0%) were found to have higher blood antibody levels, while these ratios were found as 86.8% (n=33) in HRH-patients, 76.5% (n=13) in TTH-patients, and 60.0% (n=12) in NDPH-patients. 86 of 155 (55.5%) patients reported new onset headaches after a Hashimoto's thyroiditis diagnosis, and the headaches persisted without hormone therapy in 48 (84.2%) of these patients. These patients diagnosed with primary headache and this was interpreted as demonstrating comorbidity between Hashimoto's disease and primary headaches. CONCLUSION Detection of only the relationship between TSH level and headache suggested that different mechanisms play a role in the pathophysiology. In the diagnosis of primary headache, it is important to look into secondary reasons.
Positive Psychology: Supervisor Leadership in Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Nurses

Introduction: In nursing, identifying factors encouraging positive work attitudes is extremely important since a nurse’s performance directly impacts the quality of the care they provide, and, therefore, their patients’ health. Objective: The main objective of this research is to analyze whether the supervisor–nurse relationship is positively correlated with a nurse’s organizational citizenship behaviors. Thus, we established a main hypothesis as follows: the quality of the supervisor–nurse interpersonal relationship is positively related to the job satisfaction of the nurse, controlled by moderating the effects of psychological empowerment, the perceived organizational support, and leader–leader exchange. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with individuals as the units of analysis. The population studied comprised all the nurses and supervisors working in nine public hospitals in the autonomous community of Aragon (Spain). The sample consisted of 2541 nurses, 192 supervisors, and 2500 paired dyads. Self-report questionnaires were used to ensure workers’ anonymity. The dependent variable was the nurse’s organizational citizenship behaviors; the main independent variable was the supervisor’s leadership; the moderating variables were the nurse’s empowerment, the organizational support the nurse perceived, and the quality of the supervisor–superior relationship. Results: Empirical evidence demonstrates that the quality of the supervisor–nurse relationship is positively correlated with organizational citizenship behaviors. The results also confirm the moderating effect of nurses’ empowerment and of the organizational support they perceive. Discussion: Our research shows how important it is for organizations to establish management practices promoting high-quality nurse–supervisor relationships; thus, hospital management should monitor both the supervisors’ performance and leadership. Conclusions: The quality of the relationship the supervisor establishes with their nurses is vitally important since it is a necessary requirement for beneficial results for the organization as a result of citizenship behavior practice.
The Causal Effect of School Reform: Evidence from California's Quality Education Investment Act

Beginning in the 2007-08 school year, California's Quality Education Investment Act required schools selected via lottery to institute reforms including class size reduction, increased average teacher experience, and extra professional training. The act provided additional per-pupil funding for schools to meet these requirements. Conditional on known probabilities of selection, which differed across schools, treatment is uncorrelated with potential outcomes, allowing for non-parametric identification of the causal effect by inverse probability weighting. In the first fully-funded year of the program, math scores in 4th grade increased by 0.32 SD in the population of California school-grade averages, and by the second fully-funded year 5th grade math scores improved by 0.36 SD. By the third fully-funded year of the program, math scores in 2nd grade were 0.28 SD higher in the distribution of California school-grade averages, and 0.27 SD higher in 3rd grade. Selected schools did not increase teacher experience, and had 4 to 4.4 fewer students in the first fully-funded year in 4th and 5th$ grade. In kindergarten through 3rd grade class sizes were reduced later and less dramatically, by 3 to 4 students by the third fully-funded year, due primarily to unselected schools exiting California's previous class size reduction program. The timing of class size reductions and student achievement gains suggests class size was the driving factor.
The Two-Phase Membrane Problem—Regularity of the Free Boundaries in Higher Dimensions

For the two-phase membrane problem \Delta u=\lambda_{+}\chi_{\{u>0\}}-\lambda_{-}\chi_{\{u<0\}}, where \lambda_{+} and \lambda_{-} are positive Lipschitz functions, we prove in higher dimensions that the free boundary is in a neighborhood of each "branch point'; the union of two C^{1}-graphs. The result is optimal in the sense that these graphs are in general not of class C^{1,\mbox{Dini}}, as shown by a counter-example. As application we obtain a stability result with respect to perturbations of the boundary data.
Lipoarabinomannanand relatedglycoconjugates : structure , biogenesis and role inMycobacteriumtuberculosis physiologyand host ^ pathogen interaction

Lipoarabinomannanand relatedglycoconjugates: structure, biogenesis and role inMycobacteriumtuberculosis physiologyand host^pathogen interaction Arun K. Mishra, Nicole N. Driessen, Ben J. Appelmelk & Gurdyal S. Besra School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Family members of individuals suffering from mental disorders: Stress and care stressors

Following the reform in mental health care, the family began to assume a significant role in the psychosocial rehabilitation of individuals suffering from mental health issues, which has made family members susceptible to stress. This study evaluated the manifestation of stress, self-perception of stress, and perception of stressors in care provided by family caregivers to individuals suffering from mental disorders. Fifty-four caregivers of patients being cared for in a mental health service for at least one year participated in the study. The following were used: the Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory, and a complementary instrument. The results were analyzed through descriptive and non-parametric statistics. Half of participants manifested stress. Caregivers considered contact with patients and the caregiver role as the most stressful factors. The conclusion is that caregivers have difficulties in providing informal mental care and need support to development strategies to deal with stressful care situations.
Contribution of Microcredit to Artisanal Fishing in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis Western Region of Ghana

Inadequate supply of credit is an important constraint to enhancing production in many developing countries. Making credit available to rural households in general and fishers in particular, is thus considered essential to promote economic development. This study examined how microcredit can improve output of artisanal fishers in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis. Specifically, the study examined the importance of microcredit from the perspective of artisanal fishers, the effect of microcredit on the standard of living of artisanal fishers and how microcredits are utilised by artisanal fishers to enhance output. The study revealed that microcredit was an important contributor to the success of the business of the artisanal fishers.
Mechanical and Electroconductive Properties of Mono- and Bilayer Graphene–Carbon Nanotube Films

This article presents the results of a computer study of electrical conductivity and deformation behavior of new graphene–carbon nanotube (CNT) composite films under bending and stretching. Mono- and bilayer hybrid structures with CNTs (10,0) and (12,0) and an inter-tube distance of 10 and 12 hexagons were considered. It is revealed that elastic deformation is characteristic for mono- and bilayer composite films both in bending and stretching. It is found that, in the case of bending in a direction perpendicular to CNTs, the composite film takes the form of an arc, and, in the case of bending in a direction along CNTs, the composite film exhibits behavior that is characteristic of a beam subjected to bending deformation as a result of exposure to vertical force at its free end. It is shown that mono- and bilayer composite films are more resistant to axial stretching in the direction perpendicular to CNTs. The bilayer composite films with an inter-tube distance of 12 hexagons demonstrate the greatest resistance to stretching in a direction perpendicular to CNTs. It is established that the CNT diameter and the inter-tube distance significantly affect the strength limits of composite films under axial stretching in a direction along CNTs. The composite films with CNT (10,0) and an inter-tube distance of 12 hexagons exhibit the highest resistance to stretching in a direction along CNTs. The calculated distribution of local stresses of the atomic network of deformed mono- and bilayer composite films showed that the maximum stresses fall on atoms forming covalent bonds between graphene and CNT, regardless of the CNT diameter and inter-tube distance. The destruction of covalent bonds occurs at the stress of ~1.8 GPa. It is revealed that the electrical resistance of mono- and bilayer composite films decreases with increasing bending. At the same time, the electrical resistance of a bilayer film is 1.5–2 times less than that of a monolayer film. The lowest electrical resistance is observed for composite films with a CNT (12,0) of metallic conductivity.
HMGB 1 Accelerates Alveolar Epithelial Repair via an IL-1 band a v b 6 Integrin-dependent Activation of TGF-b 1

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a danger-signaling molecule, known to activate an inflammatory response via TLR4 and RAGE. HMGB1 can be either actively secreted or passively released from damaged alveolar epithelial cells. Previous studies have shown that IL-1b, a critical mediator acute lung injury in humans that is activated by HMGB1, enhances alveolar epithelial repair, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that HMGB1 released by wounded alveolar epithelial cells would increase primary rat and human alveolar type II cell monolayer wound repair via an IL-1b-dependent activation of TGF-b1. HMGB1 induced in primary cultures of rat alveolar epithelial cells results in the release of IL-1b that caused the activation of TGF-b1 via a p38 MAPK-, RhoAand avb6 integrin-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, active TGF-b1 accelerated the wound closure of primary rat epithelial cell monolayers via a PI3 kinase adependent mechanism. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HMGB1 released by wounded epithelial cell monolayers, accelerates wound closure in the distal lung epithelium via the IL-1b-mediated avb6-dependent activation of TGF-b1, and thus could play an important role in the resolution of acute lung injury by promoting repair of the injured alveolar epithelium. Citation: Pittet J-F, Koh H, Fang X, Iles K, Christiaans S, et al. (2013) HMGB1 Accelerates Alveolar Epithelial Repair via an IL-1band avb6 Integrin-dependent Activation of TGF-b1. PLoS ONE 8(5): e63907. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0063907 Editor: Alessandra Rossini, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy Received August 21, 2012; Accepted April 11, 2013; Published May 16, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Pittet et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was primarily supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants P50HL074005, Project 4 (JFP), HL-51854 and HL-51856 (MAM), T32 GM008440 and ALA Senior Research Training Fellowship (JR). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: Jeremie_Roux@hms.harvard. edu . These authors contributed equally to this work.