Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological characterization, antimicrobial resistance and virulence mechanisms of human and animal streptococci

The molecular epidemiology and population structure of 30 bovine subclinical mastitis field isolates of Streptococcus uberis, collected from 6 Portuguese herds (among 12 farms screened) during 2002 and 2003, were examined by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for clustering of the isolates and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to assess the relationship between PFGE patterns and to identify genetic lineages. The 30 isolates were clustered into 18 PFGE types, using a similarity cutoff of 80%, and 3 PFGE types accounted for almost half of the isolates (46.6%). These major types were herd specific, suggesting either cow-to-cow transmission or infection with isolates from the same environmental reservoirs. The remaining unrelated PFGE types of isolates were from different herds strongly suggesting environmental sources of S. uberis infection. All 30 isolates were analyzed by MLST and clustered into 14 sequence types (ST). These ST were found to be novel, either with 10 new alleles of 6 housekeeping genes or with different combinations of previously assigned alleles. Five of these ST were clustered into 3 clonal complexes (lineages), ST-143, ST-86, and ST-5, known to include bovine isolates from several geographic locations (Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark) and 9 singletons. To our knowledge, this is the first report that documents molecular typing studies of bovine isolates of S. uberis from Portugal, which were shown to represent novel genomic backgrounds of this pathogen.
The Importance of Maintaining a Mosaic of Different Plant Communities for Arthropod Biodiversity Conservation at the Vaalputs Radioactive Waste-Disposal Site, Bushmanland, South Africa

Effective biodiversity monitoring and rehabilitation relies on a good understanding of the factors that influence species distributions and assemblage composition. Here we investigated the influence of plant community characteristics on arthropod diversity, abundance and community composition at the radioactive waste-disposal facility of the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (NECSA), Northern Cape Province. Plant alpha-diversity and cover was similar between all five plant communities surveyed. Similarly, total arthropod alpha-diversity did not differ between these plant communities. In contrast, arthropod abundance differed between the different plant communities and was negatively correlated with plant alpha-diversity and positively correlated to vegetation cover. Also, more beta-diverse plant communities did not necessarily support greater beta-diversity of arthropods. However, different plant communities generally had different arthropod communities. This highlights the importance of maintaining a mosaic of different plant communities for the effective conservation of arthropod biodiversity in this semi-arid region.
Review on Effect of Solanumnigrum L. on Histopathology of Kidneys of Rats

1Dep’t of Anatomy, College of Health and Medicine Science, Adigrat University 2Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University 3Institute of Biomedical science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University theamanuel18@gmail.com Summery Solanumnigrum is commonly called black night shade that belongs to Solanaceae (potato) family. It is a fairly common herb or short-lived perennial shrub, found in many wooded areas, as well as disturbed habitats. Various experimental based scientific studies were conducted in order to investigate the efficacy and safety of S. nigrum extract. The scientific investigation from many research findings shows that this plant has various bioactive ingredients such as alkaloids, solanins, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroidal glycoalkaloids, steroidal genin and vitamins. These constituents are responsible for diverse activities including: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and cytoprotective effects. In addition, these bioactive constituents in the S. nigrum have free radical scavenging capacity and anti-lipid peroxidation activities by stabilization of plasma membranes as well as repair of liver and kidney tissue damage. Moreover, the result of this review showed that S. nigrum whole plant extract and SNFEt have the capacity to reverse kidney damages to near normal levels if pathological change occurs. The S. nigrum whole plant extract and SNFEt were found to be safe for kidney parameters up to 5ml/kg doses. But this extract would have been toxic above 5ml/kg which is considered to be elevated dose. So that safe dosage needs to be identified for children and pregnant women because the children have less body resistance and the pregnant women may susceptible to abort since it may induce uterine contraction. Therefore, further studies required to isolate the active ingredients from the extract of S. nigrum for proper drug development to treat the above mentioned health problems by conducting further clinical trials.
Hormonal Regulation of Hepatic CYP Expression: Implications in Altered Drug Metabolism during Pregnancy

S: 1. Choi S, Yu C, and Kim M. Drug-Drug interactions (DDI) with oral contraceptives (OC) Challenges and points to consider. 14 Office of Clinical Pharmacology Science Day, the Food and Drug Administration. Oct 14, 2011. Rockville, MD. 2. Choi S, Fischer L, and Jeong H. Estradiol (E2)-mediated regulation of hepatic Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in rats. Gordon Research Conference Jul 11-16, 2010. Holderness, NH.
Risk definition in Laparoscopic versus Open Cholecystectomy

Nothing without risk. As cholecystectomy is one of the most common procedures, any minor risk will be a mass volume . This study was to defi ne the magnitude of that risk. In the study were 1486 patients between Feb. 2009 and April. 2018. Open in 292 (19.6%), 1194 (80.4%) laparoscopically, 1086 [91%] completed so and 108 (9%) converted. There were 18 (1.2%) with bile duct injury. 1 (0.3%) in the open group and 17 (1.4%) in the laparoscopic group. 9 diagnosed during surgery, 4 with jaundice, 2 early and 2 late, 5 with leak. Statistically the operative injury is insignifi cance in the 2 groups (P<0.3). The jaundice was signifi cantly high in the laparoscopic group of patients (P<0.045). Also the bile leak (P<0.028). The same for morbidity (P<0.01. The revers was for mortality (P<0.04).
Phylogenetic relationships of Cornus L. sensu lato and putative relatives inferred from rbcL sequence data

A parsimony analysis of 46 rbcL sequences was performed to evaluate relationships among Cornus and putative relatives, as well as among subgroups within Cornus. Our results indicate that Alangium, nyssoids (Nyssa, Davidia, and Camptotheca), mastixioids (Diplopanax and Mastixia), Curtisia, and genera of Hydrangeaceae are the closest relatives of Cornus. These taxa, plus Cornus, constitute a «cornaceous clade,» which differs from all previously proposed Cornus alliances. Within this cornaceous clade, four major lineages were identified; (i) Cornus-Alangium, (ii) nyssoids-mastixioids, (iii) Curtisia, and (iv) hydrangeoids. The relationships among the four major lineages within the cornaceous clade remain unresolved
Effect of supplementation of copper on nutrient utilization by black Bengal kids

A 90 day trial was conducted on fifteen 3–4 month old healthy black Bengal kids to study the effects of supplementation of different forms of Cu (CuSO4 or Cu-proteinate) on nutrient utilization and growth performance. The animals divided in three equal groups were offered either the basal diet (C); basal diet supplemented with 10 ppm CuSO4(CS) or 10 ppm Cu-proteinate (CPr). The digestibility of nutrients, N retention and nutritive value were improved significantly (P<0.05) when the diet was supplemented with Cu. The daily live weight gain was improved (P<0.05), when the diet was supplemented with Cu-proteinate rather than CuSO4 as compared to those fed basal diet. Although the supplementation of Cu increased (P<0.05) plasma total protein level from 60th day onward till the end of experiment, but the plasma albumin, globulin and albumimglobulin ratio was not affected by the treatment. This study inferred that dietary supplementation of Cu can improve nutrient utilization and performance of kids, Cu-proteinate was more effective than CuSO4.
Problems of Hydrology and Plant Distribution in Mires

The extensive literature of mire ecology contains numerous references to the supposed importance of ground water movement as a factor determining the distribution of mire vegetation. Nevertheless, many accounts refer to it only incidentally and it has seldom received the detailed attention which its frequent mention would seem to demand. This paper is an introductory survey of mire hydrology, regarded as an ecological factor. Various techniques have recently been introduced for the study of water circulation in soils. The most obvious effect of such circulation in mires is to modify their vegetation towards more eutrophic types. Thus, classical views of the relationship between bogs and fens may require revision, because they took too little account of this effect. The paper draws attention to some of the possible mechanisms by which the movement of water through a mire soil may influence plant development. It examines the hypotheses that vertical and horizontal movements may together affect ion transport through the soil and uptake from exchange sites in the peat; that the plants themselves may later redistribute certain ions; and that the availability of nutrient ion species may determine the outcome of interspecific competition during establishment. It also considers the probable interactions between hydrology, the soil atmosphere and plant growth and emphasizes the importance of water tracks as sites for ecological study. The term 'mire' will be employed in the sense of Godwin (1956), and of the Scandinavian phytogeographers, to denote the entire range of deposits of waterlogged peat, together with their drainage systems and vegetation. It will not be used in the restricted sense recently advocated by certain students of Scottish mountain vegetation (McVean & Ratcliffe 1962; Ratcliffe in Burnett 1964). The terms 'blanket bog', 'raised bog' and 'fen' will also be used in the conventional sense (Godwin 1956). Mesotrophic mires, intermediate between fen and bog, will be referred to as 'poor fen'.
Consistency of different indices in rapeseed (Brassica napus) may predict the waterlogging tolerance.

Different waterlogging tolerance indices between 15 rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivar materials were investigated after seed germinating and field waterlogging, in order to research the consistency of different methods, as well as the effects of waterlogging on yields. The results showed significant variation between the 15 materials. Anoxic germination under room condition resulted in great differences in kinds of waterlogging tolerant indexes, such as vigor index, survival rate, relative seedling length, relative root length and fresh weight; in the fields, plant growths were repressed seriously under waterlogging stress: root fresh weight, root length, aerial parts fresh weight, plant height, plant fresh weight, aerial parts dry weight, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio were decreased by various degrees. Meanwhile, physiological indicators like contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline, as well as activity of superoxidase (SOD) increased; on the other hand, plant height, number of effective branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, yield per plant decreased significantly. Especially, the number of effective branches decreased by 31.81%~78.02% compared with control. 1000-seed weights were increased in some materials. Waterlogging tolerance capabilities varied between materials, but generally, waterlogging tolerant plants showed less genotype reduction. Correlation analysis showed that waterlogging tolerant indices of germinating seed in the room were significantly correlative to those physiological and morphological data in the fields, as well as the final yield characters. Unit conductivity was found significantly negatively correlated with yield per plant, while the relative vigor index was significantly positively correlated with yield per plant. This consistency demonstrated that different methods of determining waterlogging tolerance in rapeseed have the same conclusion. Moreover, it helps predicting the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed cultivars in the lab conditions so that the breeding of the waterlogging tolerant cultivars can be accelerated in the future. © 2016 Friends Science Publishers
Population dynamics of territorial species in seasonal and patchy environments

We present a seasonal model of a population in which there are differences between individuals. Dominant individuals defend breeding/feeding territories and are always assumed to obtain sufficient resources during the summer: in the winter there is no breeding, no territorial defense, and no individual differences. During the summer there is contest competition, and during the winter there is scramble competition. We study the effect of varying the length of the winter and summer seasons relative to each other, and varying the degree of patchiness in the distribution of food resources. Both longer winters and more patchily distributed resources decrease the stability of the population from year to year, causing it to exhibit cyclic behavior of increasing period and ultimately chaotic dynamics and population crashes
Fragmentary studies in the life history of the cestode Mesocestoides latus.

The genus Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863, comprises a small, homogeneous group of cyclophyllidean tapeworms. They are common in most carnivorous mammals and birds in Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in North America are occasional in carnivorous mammals and man (Chandler, 1942a). Species are differentiated with difficulty; some authorities hold that there are only three species, others that there are many species. The life cycle was first postulated by Leuckart, who stated that worms known as Tetrathyridium Rudolphi from lizards were probably the larvae of Mesocestoides litteratus (Batsch) of foxes. The first controlled experiments were reported by Henry (1927), who demonstrated the second half of the life cycle. The work herein reported consists of unsuccessful attempts to elucidate the first half of the life cycle of M. latus of the opossum, together with some incidental observations. My thanks are extended to Dr. Asa C. Chandler, who directed the work.
Exogenous application of glycine betaine and potassium nitrate for improving growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought at flowering stage

This investigation was carried out in the rainout shelter at Student Instructional Farm (SIF), Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during Kharif (wet season) 2015 and 2016 to find out response of glycine betaine and potassium nitrate in improving growth and yield of rice under drought at flowering stage. Experiments were laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications, one variety i.e. Swarna Sub 1 and nine foliar treatments. Rice plants were exposed to drought at 60 DAT for 15 days by holding irrigation during drought treatment. During drought treatment soil moisture tension of the field was ranged from 60-80 kPa. Foliar application of different concentrations of glycine betaine (100 & 200 ppm) applied at 60 DAT and different concentrations of KNO3 (2 & 3%) applied at 30 DAT & at 60 DAT as well as their combination was given. Data regarding various growth and yield parameters of rice were recorded using standard procedures. The data so collected were analyzed statistically by using the Fisher’s analysis of variance technique and LSD at 5% probability was used to compare the differences among treatment. Drought at flowering stage hampered the growth and yield of rice but exogenous application of glycine betaine and potassium nitrate will helps to ameliorate the detrimental effect of drought. All the foliar treatment improved the growth and yield of rice however maximum improvement in growth and yield can be observed when glycine betaine and potassium nitrate were applied in combination.
Recent decade of growth and calcification of Orbicella faveolata in the Florida Keys: an inshore-offshore comparison

Coral reefs along the Florida Keys portion of the Florida Reef Tract (FRT) have undergone a dramatic decline since the 1980s. Since the 1997−1998 El Nino event, coral cover on offshore reefs of the FRT has been ≤5% and continues to decline. Mortality of the frameworkconstructing coral in the Orbicella (formerly Montastraea) annularis species complex has driven this recent loss in overall coral cover. One exception to this decline occurred on the inshore patch reefs of the Florida Keys, where coral cover has remained relatively high. We examined the growth and calcification of Orbicella faveolata, an ecologically important subspecies of the O. annularis complex, at both an inshore and an offshore reef site representing this dichotomy of present-day coral cover. The period examined (2004 to 2013) encompasses the Caribbean-wide 2005 mass coral bleaching, the 2009−2010 catastrophic cold-water bleaching, and a warm-water bleaching event in 2011. Extension and calcification rates were higher inshore every year from 2004 to 2013 except when there were thermal stress events that solely impacted inshore reefs (as in 2009−2010 and 2011). Inshore growth rates recovered quickly from cold and warm-water stress. These higher calcification rates and their quick recovery after thermal stress are likely important factors in the persistence of high coral cover inshore.
Characterization of Cytokine Induction and Effects of Antiviral Treatment in Four Murine Models of Poxvirus Infection

11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii
Study the effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrients uptake and soil health of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop

An experiment entitled “Studies on integrated nutrient management for sustainable production, nutrients uptake and soil health in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crop” was conducted at Crop Research Farm Nawabganj, College of Agriculture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur (U.P.) in Kharif season for two years (2014 and 2015). The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications and nine treatments combination. Maximum total nutrients uptake (N, P, K, S, Zn and Mn) by rice 84.92, 6.73, 61.97, 21.22 kg ha 324.73 and 765.49 g ha,respectively were observed in the treatment receiving 75 % NPK (RDF)+FYM @ 5 t ha+PSB+S40 kg ha+Zn5 kg ha+Mn8 kg ha (T9) and lowest values recorded at control (T1). The conjunctive use of organic manure and fertilizers along with bio fertilizers and micronutrients gave the highest availability of N, P, K, S, Zn and Mn at postharvest soil of rice as compared to other treatment combinations.
Population Structure of Sciaenops ocellatus and Cynoscion nebulosus (Pisces: Sciaenidae): Biochemical Variation, Genetic Subdivision and Dispersal

Genetic variation was examined in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), sciaenid marine fishes that differ in life-history components such as age and size at maturity, longevity, and migratory behavior. Survey of 22 enzymes and seven structural proteins (40 loci) revealed that measures of genic variability and F-statistics were comparable to those for other sciaenids. Differentiation into subpopulations was only weakly evident for either red drum or spotted seatrout (F,, = 0.019 and 0.032). Spotted seatrout had lower heterozygosity (<1%), spatial clumping of rare alleles, and a regional cluster of localities in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Red drum had higher heterozygosity (3%), a mosaic geographic pattern for protein variation and for a meristic polymorphism (number of tailspots), and one slightly divergent population on Florida's Atlantic Coast. As suggested from life-history components and supported by allelic dispersion, regional differentiation, and autocorrelation analysis, the less mobile and more rapidly-maturing species, spotted seatrout, displays isolation-by-distance. Less divergence of red drum in bays is contrary to expectation based on relative inshore abundance of the two species; adult reproduction by the larger and longer-lived species, red drum, produces an offshore effective population size which may equal or exceed colonies of spotted seatrout in bays. Annual exchange of spotted seatrout between bays, derived from a one-dimensional stepping stone model and estimated to be 5% of the breeding population, is compatible with previous movement data. Red drum may show Gulf-wide panmixia, but too little is known about the migratory adults to propose an appropriate population model.
Assessment of Knowledge of Lassa fever Among Residents in North-Eastern Nigeria

Introduction: Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus, a member of the virus family it has a huge negative impact on the health of residents from the North-Eastern part of Nigeria and the people globally. In Nigeria, the recent outbreak in Bauchi State which occurred mid-November 2015 was unprecedented. By January 2016, the virus had already spread to other states like Nasarawa, Niger, Taraba, Kano, Rivers, Edo, Plateau, Gombe and Oyo. This study assessed the knowledge of Lassa fever among residents of North-Eastern States of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The population included all residents from the study area estimated number of 18,971,96. The sample was drawn based on Krejcie and Morgan (1971). Data was collected using structured questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: knowledge of Lassa fever of 384 residents in North Eastern Nigeria who filled the questionnaire, 183 representing 47.7% were males, while 201 representing 52.3% were females. Using Chi-Square it was statistically significant (P<0.05). It has been found that the P- Value of . 001 when knowledge of Lassa fever between male and female residents were compared. Discussion: Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 400 questionnaires with completed data were analyzed (response rate 96%). Majority, 207 (51.8%), were males while 193 (48.2%) were females. Most, 234 (58.5%), had tertiary education while 148 (37%) had secondary education. Fifty-nine percent had heard of Lassa fever with radio as their major source of information. About 76% had inadequate knowledge, 54% had negative attitude while 51% had poor practice toward Lassa fever. Determinants of knowledge of Lassa fever include having higher education (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) = 11.49, 95% CI [3.10, 42.69], p = . 0001), being in civil service (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI [0.09, 0.51], p = .01), and earning higher income (AOR = 4.23, 95% CI [2.61, 6.84], p = .0001). Conclusion: The study revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female residents in their knowledge of Lassa fever prevention in the North-Eastern States, Nigeria. Conclusion: Knowledge towards Lassa fever was highly connected with the level of education of the respondents in the North Eastern States of Nigeria.