Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basic regional crustal setting and superimposed local pluton-intrusion-related tectonics in the Larderello-M. Amiata geothermal province, from integrated CROP seismic data

The Larderello-M. Amiata geothermal province has been explored by two transcrustal seismic sections of the CROP Project: CROP-18A across the Larderello area and CROP-18B across the M. Amiata and SE Larderello area. In this paper the author presents and describes the results of a new carefully conducted interpretation of the CROP-18 sections and of other integrating seismic lines, stressing the importance of the CROP project also for geothermal exploration-exploitation activity. The purpose of the work is the reconstruction of the crustal tectono-stratigraphic setting of the area extending from the Tyrrhenian coast to the M. Cetona thrust. The results obtained are very important and decisely innovative as regard to the definition of predicted geothermal magmatic bodies. In fact, for the first time two big plutons intruded in the deep upper crust are seismically imaged in a clear manner. Both the plutons are characterized by marked negative Bouguer gravity anomalies and are associated with anti-Apennine transcurrent (transfer) faults through which the magma flowed during the plutonic emplacement. The lower crust and basal upper crust, beneath the plutons, give rise to a marked synclinal fold. Immediately over the pluton a highly reflective K-interval is evident, very likely represented by foliation or thin lamination saturated by fluids. The above-pluton upper crust forms an anticlinal fold on both the plutons. Finally, this new reconstruction of the plutons' setting demonstrates, very clearly, that the high-angle normal faults are not generated by crustal distension, but are pluton-intrusion-related collapse faults, absent outside the plutons' area. Lack of Tuscan units over the Triassic evaporite (or even of both evaporite and cover) is not due to distension but to tectonic detachment and outward transportation. According to this new careful seismic control that has been carried out, no significant crustal distension is seismically acceptable from the Tyrrhenian coast to the M. Cetona thrust. Continuing pluton accretion dynamics, active since Pliocene, preserves high temperatures and long-term geothermal resources, keeping tectonically open the ways of hot fluids ascent. As occurred in the hydrocarbon history, also in the geothermal exploration-exploitation a new stage of systematic employment of advanced seismic techniques is essential for discovery of new resources marked by drastic reduction of unsuccessful boreholes and production costs.
Body composition and metabolism in adults with molecularly-confirmed Silver-Russell syndrome.

CONTEXT Low birth weight, as seen in Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), is associated with later cardiometabolic disease. Data on long term outcomes and adult body composition in SRS are limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate body composition and metabolic health in adults with SRS. DESIGN This was an observational study. Body composition and metabolic health were assessed at a single appointment. Individuals with SRS were compared with unaffected men and women (from the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS)). SETTING Clinical research facilities across the UK. PARTICIPANTS 25 individuals with molecularly-confirmed SRS aged ≥18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral density (BMD), blood pressure, lipids, and blood glucose were measured. RESULTS 25 adults with SRS were included (52% female). The median age was 32.9 years (range 22.0-69.7). Fat percentage was greater in the SRS group than the SWS cohort (44.1% vs 30.3%, p<0.001). Fat mass index was similar (9.6 vs 7.8, p=0.3). Lean mass percentage (51.8% vs 66.2%, p<0.001) and lean mass index (13.5 kg/m2 vs 17.3 kg/m2, p<0.001) were lower in the SRS group than the SWS cohort. BMD was lower in the SRS group than the SWS cohort (1.08 vs 1.24, p<0.001) (all median values). Total cholesterol was ≥5mmol/L in 52.0%. Triglyceride levels were ≥1.7mmol/L in 20.8%. Fasting blood glucose levels were ≥6.1mmol/L in 25.0%. Hypertension was present in 33.3%. CONCLUSIONS Adults with SRS have an unfavourable body composition and predisposition to cardiometabolic disease. These results support the need for a health surveillance strategy to mitigate adverse outcomes.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis arenavirus requires cellular COPI and AP-4 complexes for efficient virion production

ABSTRACT Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a bisegmented negative-sense RNA virus classified within the Arenaviridae family of the Bunyavirales order. LCMV is associated with fatal disease in immunocompromized populations, and as the prototypical arenavirus, acts as a model for the many serious human pathogens within this group. Here, we examined the dependence of LCMV multiplication on cellular trafficking components using a recombinant LCMV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein in conjunction with a curated siRNA library. The screen revealed a requirement for subunits of both the coat protein 1 (COPI) coatomer and adapter protein 4 (AP-4) complexes. By rescuing a recombinant LCMV harboring a FLAG-tagged glycoprotein (GP-1) envelope spike (rLCMV-GP1-FLAG), we showed infection resulted in marked co-localization of individual COPI and AP-4 components with both LCMV nucleoprotein (NP) and GP-1, consistent with their involvement in viral processes. To further investigate the role of both COPI and AP-4 complexes during LCMV infection, we utilized the ARF-I inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) that prevents complex formation. Within a single 12-h cycle of virus multiplication, BFA pre-treatment caused no significant change in LCMV-specific RNA synthesis, alongside no significant change in LCMV NP expression, as measured by BFA time-of-addition experiments. In contrast, BFA addition resulted in a significant drop in released virus titers, approaching 50-fold over the same 12-h period, rising to over 600-fold over 24 h. Taken together, these findings suggest COPI and AP-4 complexes are important host cell factors required for the formation and release of infectious LCMV. IMPORTANCE Arenaviruses are rodent-borne, segmented, negative-sense RNA viruses, with several members responsible for fatal human disease, with the prototypic member lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) being under-recognised as a pathogen capable of inflicting neurological infections with fatal outcome. A detailed understanding of how arenaviruses subvert host cell processes to complete their multiplication cycle is incomplete. Here, using a combination of gene ablation and pharmacological inhibition techniques, we showed that host cellular COPI and AP-4 complexes, with native roles in cellular vesicular transport, were required for efficient LCMV growth. We further showed these complexes acted on late stages of the multiplication cycle, post-gene expression, with a significant impact on infectious virus egress. Collectively, our findings improve the understanding of arenaviruses host-pathogen interactions and reveal critical cellular trafficking pathways required during infection.
Prevalence, trend, and inequality of prolonged exclusive breastfeeding among children aged 6–23 months old in India from 1992–2021: A cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data

Background Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (PEB) for children older than six months old is a threat to appropriate complementary feeding practices. This study aims to examine the trend of PEB among children aged 6–23 months in India. Methods We adopted five waves of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data between 1992–93 and 2019–21. PEB was defined as children aged six months and above currently consuming breastmilk as the only source of energy, protein and micronutrients. We generated descriptive statistics and a series of multivariable logistic regressions to estimate the prevalence and trend in the PEB rate. Moreover, we assessed how child age and socioeconomic factors (i.e. child gender and age, place of residence, household wealth, and maternal education) were related with PEB using mutually and single-adjusted model. Results There were 184 891 Indian children aged 6–23 months old included in this study with 48.0% being female. We found that the proportion of PEB increased from 4.3% in 1992 to 7.7% in 2021, of which the rate for children aged six-eight months rose from 14.0 to 20.1%. Our results showed that children who were from poorer households or with lower-educated mothers were more likely to experience prolonged exclusive breastfed. Take the year of 2019–21 as an example, compared to the households of the richest quintile, children from households of the poorer quintile were significantly more likely to experience PEB, with odds ratio (OR) of 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.61). Moreover, children with illiterate mothers had 21% higher odds of having prolonged exclusively breastfeeding (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.01–1.44) compared with children with mothers who have college and above education. Conclusions PEB among children over six months old is prevalent in India, particularly among children from disadvantaged households. Poverty reduction and maternal education are of great potential importance for policymakers to promote appropriate complementary feeding practice.
Systematic Review Examining the Behavior Change Techniques in Medication Adherence Intervention Studies Among People With Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Background Although previous systematic reviews have studied medication adherence interventions among people with Type 2 diabetes (PwT2D), no intervention has been found to improve medication adherence consistently. Furthermore, inconsistent and poor reporting of intervention description has made understanding, replication, and evaluation of intervention challenging. Purpose We aimed to identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) and characteristics of successful medication adherence interventions among PwT2D. Methods A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials with BCT-codable interventions designed to influence adherence to anti-diabetic medication for PwT2D aged 18 years old and above and have medication adherence measure as an outcome. Results Fifty-five studies were included. Successful interventions tend to target medication adherence only, involve pharmacists as the interventionist, contain “Credible source” (BCT 9.1), “Instruction on how to perform the behaviour” (BCT 4.1), “Social support (practical)” (BCT 3.2), “Action planning” (BCT 1.4), and/ or “Information about health consequences” (BCT 5.1). Very few interventions described its context, used theory, examined adherence outcomes during the follow-up period after an intervention has ended, or were tailored to address specific barriers of medication adherence. Conclusion We identified specific BCTs and characteristics that are commonly reported in successful medication adherence interventions, which can facilitate the development of future interventions. Our review highlighted the need to consider and clearly describe different dimensions of context, theory, fidelity, and tailoring in an intervention.
A Numerical Study of Precipitation Development in Cumulus Clouds

A numerical study of precipitation development in cumulus clouds with the use of an Eulerian one-dimensional cloud model which consists of the vertical equation of motion, the mass continuity equation, the thermodynamic equation and the parameterized cloud microphysics for liquid and solid water substances is presented. Especially the differences between warm cumulus and ice-bearing cumulus clouds are investigated. Condensed water substance is classified into three components, cloud droplets (cloud water), raindrops (precipitation water) and frozen raindrops (solid water). The parameterized liquid phase processes include condensation of water vapour, autoconversion of cloud droplets to raindrops, collection of cloud droplets by raindrops and evaporation of cloud droplets and raindrops. The ice phase processes include heterogeneous glaciation of raindrops, riming, sublimation of water vapour, melting of frozen raindrops, evaporation of frozen raindrops and evaporation of melting frozen raindrops. The main results obtained are as follows : 1) The model presented here simulates fairly well some qualitative characteristics of ice-bearing cumulus clouds as observed by Byers and Braham (1949) and others, Especially the inclusion of the time and temperature dependent glaciation process results in a more realistic simulation of the phase change of water substance. 2) In warm cumulus the maximum rain intensity appears only once, whereas in ice-bearing cumulus cloud a secondary maximum rain intensity is observed when the major glaciation occurs in a relatively warmer supercooled temperature region. Although the stimulation of cloud growth is expected by including the ice phase in the model, the maximum rain intensity, the total amount of rainfall at the ground surface and the precipitation efficiency are all larger in magnitude in warm cumulus than in ice-bearing cumulus cloud. These results are qualitatively not inconsistent with the work by Koenig and Murray (1976) and their caution, explained in the article, is borne out by the results of our present study. 3) According to the sensitivity analyses of the model for various atmospheric conditions, there may be optimum values of lapse rate of temperature and surface temperature for the occurrence of the most intense rainfall and the largest amount of total rainfall under a given humidity distribution. A cumulus cloud with a larger horizontal size causes stronger rain intensity and a larger amount of rainfall. 4) Cloud physical processes exert great influence on the development of cumulus clouds. Generally speaking, a cumulus cloud with cloud physical parameters with a sense of faster production of precipitation water causes earlier initiation of the maximum rain intensity and the lifetime of such a cloud is shorter and the precipitation efficiency is larger but the maximum rain intensity is rather affected by the thermodynamic structure of the environmental atmosphere. Limitations of the model are also discussed.
Problems associated with pooling mark-recapture data prior to estimating stopover length for migratory passerines

One measure of the importance of a stopover site is the length of time that migrants spend at an area, however measuring the time birds spend at a stopover site has proven difficult. Most banding studies have presented only minimum length of stopover, based on the difference between initial capture and final recapture of birds that are captured more than once. Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) models have used multiple recaptures to estimate stopover length by migrants, and recently a new model (Stopover Duration Analysis, SODA) incorporating recruitment estimates has been suggested. Using banding data from Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceous), American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla), and Northern Waterthrushes (Seiurus noveboracensis) captured during fall migration on Appledore Island, Maine, during 1999 and 2000, we evaluated stopover estimates from minimum stopover and SODA methods. In particular, we investigated the effects of pooling data for analysis on stopover estimates. Results from our banding data and model simulations suggest that pooling may result in biased stopover estimates, by increasing estimates with increased pooling interval sizes. Furthermore, pooling may also increase the variance in the estimate. Thus pooling should be used with caution and avoided when possible.
Sevoflurane causes cognitive impairment by inducing iron deficiency and inhibiting the proliferation of neural precursor cells in infant mice

Abstract Aims Numerous studies on animals have shown that exposure to general anesthetics in infant stage may cause neurocognitive impairment. However, the exact mechanism is not clear. The dysfunction of iron metabolism can cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, we investigated the effect of iron metabolism disorder induced by sevoflurane (Sev) on cognitive function and the proliferation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) in infant mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice of postnatal day 14 and neural stem cells NE4C were treated with 2% Sev for 6 h. We used the Morris water maze (MWM) to test the cognitive function of infant mice. The proliferation of NPCs was measured using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) label and their markers Ki67 and Pax6 in infant brain tissues 12 h after anesthesia. Meanwhile, we used immunohistochemical stain, immunofluorescence assay, western blot, and flow cytometer to evaluate the myelinogenesis, iron levels, and cell proliferation in cortex and hippocampus or in NE4C cells. Results The results showed that Sev significantly caused cognitive deficiency in infant mice. Further, we found that Sev inhibited oligodendrocytes proliferation and myelinogenesis by decreasing MBP and CC‐1 expression and iron levels. Meanwhile, Sev also induced the iron deficiency in neurons and NSCs by downregulating FtH and FtL expression and upregulating the TfR1 expression in the cortex and hippocampus, which dramatically suppressed the proliferation of NSCs and NPCs as indicated by decreasing the colocalization of Pax6+ and BrdU+ cells, and caused the decrease in the number of neurons. Interestingly, iron supplementation before anesthesia significantly improved iron deficiency in cortex and hippocampus and cognitive deficiency induced by Sev in infant mice. Iron therapy inhibited the decrease of MBP expression, iron levels in neurons and oligodendrocytes, and DNA synthesis of Pax6+ cells in hippocampus induced by Sev. Meanwhile, the number of neurons was partially recovered in hippocampus. Conclusion The results from the present study demonstrated that Sev‐induced iron deficiency might be a new mechanism of cognitive impairment caused by inhaled anesthetics in infant mice. Iron supplementation before anesthesia is an effective strategy to prevent cognitive impairment caused by Sev in infants.
CASE STUDY: GREEN ROADS TO GROWTH Support to organic farming and bio-energy as rural development drivers

The paper conducts an analysis of the potentials of organic farming and bioenergy as win-win-win strategies promoting economic growth, employment and the environment at the same time. Empirical evidence does not indicate that conversion to organic farming will enhance economic growth and employment, but there are environmental benefits primarily due to the absence of pesticides. If energy crops are grown on idle land bioenergy has the potential of generating economic activities and employment alongside with CO2 reductions. Liquid biofuel production is a relatively expensive way of reducing CO2, but there is a potential for technological breakthroughs making it economically viable to use low value feedstock like straw and waste for bioethanol production. It is recommended that the positive environmental effects of organic farming and bioenergy are internalised through green taxes on the negative externalities from conventional farming and fossil energy use.
Evaluation of the 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria in a multicenter cohort of patients with suspected infective endocarditis.

BACKGROUND Since publication of Duke criteria for infective endocarditis (IE) diagnosis, several modifications have been proposed. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Duke-ISCVID 2023 criteria compared to prior versions from 2000 (Duke-Li 2000) and 2015 (Duke-ESC 2015). METHODS This study was conducted at two University Hospitals between 2014-2022 among patients with suspected IE. A case was classified as IE (final IE diagnosis) by the Endocarditis Team. Sensitivity for each version of the Duke criteria was calculated among patients with confirmed IE based on pathological, surgical and microbiological data. Specificity for each version of the Duke criteria was calculated among patients with suspected IE for whom IE diagnosis was ruled out. RESULTS In total 2132 episodes with suspected IE were included; of which 1101 (52%) had final IE diagnosis. Definite IE by pathologic criteria was found in 285 (13%), 285 (13%), and 345 (16%) patients using the Duke-Li 2000, Duke-ESC 2015 or the Duke-ISCVID 2023 criteria, respectively. IE was excluded by histopathology in 25 (1%) patients. The Duke-ISCVID 2023 clinical criteria showed a higher sensitivity (84%) compared to previous versions (70%). However, specificity of the new clinical criteria was lower (60%) compared to previous versions (74%). CONCLUSIONS The Duke-ISCVID 2023 criteria led to an increase in sensitivity compared to previous versions. Further studies are needed to evaluate items that could increase sensitivity by reducing the number of IE patients misclassified as possible, but without having detrimental effect on specificity of Duke criteria.
Adopción de prácticas de agricultura de conservación en Tlaxcala, México* Adoption of conservation agriculture practices in Tlaxcala, Mexico

1Centro de Investigaciones Economicas Sociales y Tecnologicas de la Agroindustria y la Agricultura Mundial (CIESTAAM)-Universidad Autonoma Chapingo. Carretera Mexico-Texcoco km 38.5, Chapingo, Estado de Mexico. Mexico, C. P. 56230. (mvalerio@ciestaam.edu.mx). 2West Virginia State University, Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute 131 Ferrell Hall, P. O. Box 1000. (toledoju@wvstateu.edu). §Autor para correspondencia: rendon.roberto@ciestaam.edu. mx.
Increasing food insecurity severity is associated with lower diet quality

OBJECTIVE Food insecurity may reduce diet quality but the relationship between food insecurity severity and diet quality is under-researched. This study aimed to examine the relationship between diet quality and severity of household food insecurity. DESIGN A cross-sectional, online survey used the USDA Household Food Security Six-item Short Form to classify respondents as food secure or marginally, moderately, or severely food insecure. The Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS; scored 0-73) determined diet quality (ARFS total and sub-scale scores). Survey-weighted linear regression (adjusted for age, sex, income, education, location, household composition) was conducted. SETTING Tasmania, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Community dwelling adults (aged 18 years and over). RESULTS The mean ARFS total for the sample (n=804, 53% female, 29% aged >65 years) was 32.4 (SD=9.8). As the severity of household food insecurity increased, ARFS total decreased. Marginally food insecure respondents reported a mean ARFS score three points lower than food-secure adults (B=-2.7; 95%CI [-5.11, -0.34]; p=0.03), and reduced by six points for moderately (B=-5.6; 95%CI [-7.26, -3.90]; p<0.001) and twelve points for severely food insecure respondents (B=-11.5; 95%CI [-13.21, -9.78]; p<0.001). Marginally food insecure respondents had significantly lower vegetable sub-scale scores, moderately food insecure respondents had significantly lower sub-scale scores for all food groups except dairy, severely food insecure respondents had significantly lower scores for all sub-scale scores. CONCLUSIONS Poorer diet quality is evident in marginally, moderately, and severely food insecure adults. Interventions to reduce food insecurity and increase diet quality are required to prevent poorer nutrition-related health outcomes in food-insecure populations in Australia.