Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
USING ARTIFICIAL NESTS TO TEST IMPORTANCE OF NESTING MATERIAL AND NEST SHELTER FOR INCUBATION ENERGETICS

Abstract Incubation is an energetically demanding process for parents, in part because of the thermodynamic costs of maintaining egg temperature. One might predict that aspects of nest construction—in particular, the thermodynamic properties of the nesting material and the degree to which the nest provides shelter from the wind—would have important effects on thermodynamic costs. However, little is known about the relative importance of those factors. Here, we investigate egg cooling rates in several commonly used nesting materials and in various wind speeds and examine the effect on those rates of wetting the materials. Nesting materials differ greatly in their insulating properties; feather down is the best insulator, and grass the worst. When the materials are wet, eggs cool much more rapidly, differences between materials tend to diminish, and down becomes the worst insulator. Hence, there may be significant selection pressure to choose particular nesting materials, but materials may be better or worse according to the situation of the nest. Increasing wind speed also has profound effects on egg cooling rates, even at the low speeds tested here, which implies strong selection pressure to locate and construct nests that minimize wind speed at the egg surface. Our results suggest that nest construction may have an important bearing on the subsequent costs of reproduction, and that important trade-offs may exist between nest construction for reduced thermodynamic costs, and other costs and benefits of nest-building and reproduction.
Notes on Grasses (Poaceae) for the Flora of China, II: Paniceae

This paper comprises nomenclatural changes needed for the Flora of China account of Poaceae tribe Paniceae. The new combinations Digitaria fujianensis and Pseudoraphis sordida are proposed for nomenclatural reasons. The varietal combination Ottochloa nodosa var. micrantha is validated and lectotypified. Pseudoraphis balansae is lectotypified, and P. longipaleacea is placed in synonymy. Urochloa cordata is reduced to synony- my under U. setigera. The three species of the ge- nus Pseudoraphis occurring in China are reviewed and a key is provided. African specimens previ- ously considered conspecific with Asian Urochloa setigera are shown to belong to a different species, Urochloa trichopodioides, which is lectotypified.
Crude Oil Biodegradation I'n Arctic Tundra Ponds

The degradation of Prudhoe crude oil was studied in arctic tundra ponds. Contained subponds were treated with oil and/or oleophilic phosphate or inorganic phosphate fertilizers in an attempt to enhance the degradation of the oil by the indigenous microflora. Enumeration studies of water and sediment samples indicated that oil treatment alone did not increase numbers of total heterotrophic or oil-degrading bacteria over a short period (28 days). It was also shown that oil spilled years previously on 2 whole ponds at a high (10 Urn2) and a low dose (0.24 l/m*) did not alter the microflora quantitatively, except in a small core spilled with oil. Although oil alone seemed to exhibit neither stimulatory nor toxic effects, oleophilic phosphate, added weekly at a concentration of 0.1 mM, significantly stimulated the microflora in the presence or absence of oil. Since equal concentrations of inorganic phosphate failed to induce this effect, the stimulation was attributed to the hydrocarbon portion of the organic phosphate molecule. "C-hydrocarbon mineralization studies demonstrated that the microflora would mineralize the saturate fraction of the oil before the polyaromatic fraction. It was concluded that oleophilic fertilizers may provide a useful tool to enhance the biodegradation of crude oil spilled on oligotrohpic waters.
Transformation and recovery of urea applied to a grass pasture in south-eastern Queensland

The fate of urea-N during the 14 d after four seasonal applications to a Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi pasture in south-eastern Queensland was traced. The aim was to explain the variations in the responses by grass, which have been observed after applications of urea. The total losses of urea-15N from the soil-plant system and the fluxes of NH, into the atmosphere were respectively 29 and 12% of the urea-N applied in summer, 45 and 42% in autumn, 23 and 13% in winter, and 20 and 9% in spring. Losses of nitrogen by leaching were probably negligible as mineral-N derived from the fertilizer remained mostly in the 0-2 cm layer of soil. Hydrolysis of urea to NH4+-N was complete after 1 d in summer, 3 d in spring, 6 d in autumn and 7 d in winter. Losses of urea-N were influenced by the water content of the surface soil (0-0.5 cm) at the time of the application and by the subsequent pattern of rainfall. The loss was large when urea was applied to wet soil and rainfall during the next 7 d did not exceed 1 mm, as in autumn. Losses were much smaller when rain (5 mm or more) fell soon after the applications, as in spring and summer. In winter urea was applied to dry soil and fluxes of NH, continued at a moderate rate until rain fell on the sixth day. Losses of 15N were generally about double the losses of NH,. Work on this discrepancy is needed to fully understand the fate of urea-N broadcast onto pastures. Losses of NH, from urea broadcast onto pastures could be minimized in practice by making applications to dry soil just before rain is expected or before irrigation.
syndecan-4 shedding restores the endothelial glycocalyx and glomerular filtration barrier function in early diabetic kidney disease: Syndecan 4 in diabetic kidney

C. , Neal, C. R. , Qiu, Y. , Fawaz, S. , Onions, K. L. , Gamez, M. , Crompton, M. , Michie, C. , Finch, N. , Coward, R. J., Welsh, G. I. , Foster, R. R. , & Satchell, S. C. (2019). Blocking matrix metalloproteinase-mediated syndecan-4 shedding restores the endothelial glycocalyx and glomerular filtration barrier function in early diabetic kidney disease: Syndecan 4 in diabetic kidney disease. Kidney International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint. 2019.09. 035
Mastitis in beef cows and the effects of supplemental β-carotene on milk parameters

Belmont red and Brahman cows (n = 50) were allocated to one of two groups to determine if β-carotene supplementation could reduce the incidence of mastitis and consequently improve calf productivity from birth to weaning. Both groups received a molasses-based supplement ad libitum; the treatment group supplement was fortified with ROVIMIX® β-carotene and ROVIMIX® E50 whereas the control group were provided access to the molasses supplement only. Blood samples were collected from cows pre and post calving and from calves when 84 ± 0.4 days old to measure plasma β-carotene concentration (PCC). Milk samples were collected 7 and 84 days post calving and at weaning and analysed for somatic cell count (SCC) and composition. Supplementation had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on SCC, calf PCC, calf LW gain and LW at weaning. Supplemented cows had significantly (P < 0.05) higher PCC compared with unsupplemented cows (4.9 ± 0.36 v. 3.9 ± 0.24 mg/L, respectively) at weaning. Cows commenced the study in an above-average condition, and combined with unseasonal green forage it is concluded that β-carotene supplementation has no effect on mastitis or calf weaning weight.
The Role of Auditory Feedback in the Maintenance of Song in Adult Male Bengalese Finches Lonchura striata var. domestica

Abstract Young songbirds use auditory feedback to match their own vocalizations with a memorized tutor's song in order to develop their songs normally. After learning, songs of adult birds are stereotyped and remain stable. Recent studies showed that auditory feedback is necessary for maintaining the stability of adult bird song in some species including Bengalese finches. We deprived adult male Bengalese finches of auditory input by removing their cochleae and acoustically analyzed the songs of the deafened birds. After the operation, song patterns altered within a week and remained unstable for approximately a month. The post-operative songs were finally stabilized within 60 days after the operation, although their patterns were different from those of the pre-operative songs. Compared with the pre-operative songs, syllables with higher fundamental frequencies decreased and those with lower fundamental frequencies increased in the stabilized post-operative songs of all the birds examined. These results suggest that adult male Bengalese finches need auditory feedback in order to maintain their normal songs and that this feedback is involved in retaining the syllables of higher fundamental frequencies. They also suggest that the stabilized post-operative songs consisting of syllables with lower fundamental frequencies may be maintained by other sensory feedback systems.
On Ecology

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Making ‘right’ choices? An ethnographic account of creativity, performativity and personalised learning policy, concepts and practices

This article uses ethnographic research from two Year 8 classes in two middle‐sized secondary schools about a kilometre apart in a Swedish west‐coast town to examine how new policies for personalised learning have developed in practice, in the performative cultures of modern schools in a commodity society. One school stands in a predominantly middle‐class area of privately owned ‘low‐rise’ houses. The other is in an area of ‘high‐rise’ rented accommodation, where the first language of many homes is not Swedish. The differences are important. According to the article, personalised learning mobilises material and social resources in these schools that support new forms of individualistic, selfish and private accumulations of education goods from public provision and a valorisation of self‐interest and private value as the common basis for educational culture. The article describes this cultural production in school and links it to processes of cultural and social reproduction.
Business translation

Abstract Most translation done today is professional, specialised translation. The purpose of this article is to analyse specialised business translation, summarising the theoretical approaches applicable in the field (that is the functional approaches) and identifying translation problems posed by the translation of economic texts. As a case in point, I shall consider the Romanian translation of an English textbook, Principles of Marketing, which will be discussed and assessed in terms of Christiane Nord's model of text analysis in translation. The discussion will reveal that the Romanian version ‐ an import of knowledge as well as an import of terminology ‐preserves the overall effect of the original, namely knowledge acquisition. The target audience, however, misses much of the communicative action of the source text due to the omission of non‐verbal elements.
Seasonal development of mesozooplankton biomass and production on the SW coast of Finland

Abstract Seasonal development of mesozooplankton abundance, biomass and production were studied on the SW coast of Finland in three hydrographically distinct areas with different phytoplankton dynamics. In addition, the present species composition was compared to that at the beginning of the century, using a multidimensional scaling analysis. Mesozooplankton biomass and production were dominated by only a few species: the largest part of the production in the archipelago and open sea areas (11.3 g C m-2 year-1 and 28.1 g C m-2 year-1, respectively) consisted of that by raptorial and suspension-feeding calanoid copepods (Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis) and of that by rotifers (Synchaeta baltica), while annual mesozooplankton production in the bay area (10.5 g C m-2 year-1) was mainly due to production of filter-feeding cladocerans (Daphnia cucullata and Bosmina longispina) and predatory cyclopoid copepods (Thermocyclops oithonoides). The food chain in the bay area seemed to be based on heterotroph.
Continuous Plankton Recorder data and diel vertical migration in stage V and VI Calanus finmarchicus: a statistical analysis

Generalized linear models were used to assess the influence of diel vertical migration (DVM) on Continuous Plankton Recorder data for adult (stages V and VI) Calanus finmarchicus. To simplify interpretation, the data were first divided into individual months and modelled using a Generalized Linear Model incorporating factors for long-term trend and daylight. The fitted models reveal that, at certain times of the year and particularly during the spring and autumn, the chances of catching a stage V or VI C. finmarchicus at 7 m depth are greater in darkness than during daylight. The magnitude of DVM was shown to be generally statistically independent of long-term trend, which is a conclusion that fails to support other published results produced from the same data.
Paclobutrazol Reduces Photosynthetic Carbon Dioxide Uptake Rate in Grapevines

Paclobutrazol applied as a soil drench at 0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000 μg a.i./g soil reduced photosynthetic CO 2 uptake rate of leaves formed before paclobutrazol treatment within 3 to 5 days of treatment and the reductions were maintained for 15 days after treatment. The percentage of recently assimilated 14 C exported from the source leaf was reduced only at the highest paclobutrazol dose, and there was little effect of treatment on the partitioning of exported 14 C between the various sinks. In response to increasing doses of paclobutrazol, particularly at the higher doses, an increasing proportion of recent photoassimilates was maintained in a soluble form in all plant components. Reduced demand for photoassimi- lates as a result of the inhibition of vegetative growth may have contributed to a reduction in photosynthetic CO 2 uptake rate, but this reduction in photosynthesis rate could not be attributed to a feedback inhibition caused by a buildup of starch in the leaves. Paclobutrazol had only a minor effect, if any, on photosynthetic electron transport. Chemical name used: β-((4-chlorophenyl) methyl)-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
Concentrações de sódio em bebidas carbonatadas nacionais

High intakes of sodium have been pointed out as one of the causes of high blood pressure. Carbonated drinks are highly consumed in Brazil but there is no data on their levels of sodium. The present work analyzed 97 samples, encompassing 14 brands and 7 types of soft drinks (cola, guarana, lemon, orange, grape, soda and tonic water). The sodium concentrations varied between 19 and 202mg Na/L. The beverages sweetened with sugar exhibited an average of 74 ± 13mg Na/L while the artificially sweetened drinks had an average 151 ± 39mg Na/L. This means that the "light" carbonated beverages contain twice the amount of sodium of the ones sweetened with sugar. An average soft drink consumer in Brazil (259mL/day) may ingest about 19mg of sodium from the beverage if he prefers sugar sweetened types and 39mg Na/day in case he prefers the light types. On the other hand, a heavy consumer (2L/day) would ingest about 300mg Na/day only from soft drinks and this should be taken into consideration by persons under low sodium diet.
Feeding behaviour of Awassi sheep and Shami (Damascus) goats

Seven male Awassi sheep and 7 male Shami (Damascus) goats, one year old and fed with a diet having 2503 Kcal ME and 155 g crude protein kg -1 , were housed individually for 49 days to determine the feeding behaviour. Each animal within each species was one replicate and kept individually within 100 x 120 x 120 cm wood pen in indoor conditions with natural daylight and 11-18 iC room temperature. Twice a week, starting right after daily feed refreshment at 12.00, behavioural observations were made at 12.00, 16.00, 20.00, 24.00, 04.00 and 08.00 with 5-minute intervals by monitoring the animals. The recorded activities were eating, ruminating, drinking, resting, standing, and playing. These activities of sheep and goats were 24.6 vs. 26.6 (P > 0.05), 17.6 vs. 16.6 (P > 0.05), 3.9 vs. 2.7 (P < 0.01), 20.3 vs. 23.9 (P < 0.01), 29.1 vs. 21.8 (P < 0.01) and 2.4 vs. 4.6 (P < 0.01) as a percentage, respectively. In conclusion, goats showed less drinking and standing but higher playing and resting behaviour than sheep without showing any significant difference between species with respect to eating and ruminating activity.
Running title: Circadian gating of G2-to-M transition in Euglena

Cell population growth is gated to occur in particular circadian phases, which is known over 4 decades in various organisms including cyanobacteria and human. However, little is known as to which cell cycle phases from G1 to M is primarily regulated by the circadian rhythm as well as when in a circadian cycle this primary regulation takes place. We report here that in the flagellate alga Euglena gracilis grown photoautotrophically the circadian rhythm primarily prevented developmentally matured G2 cells from progressing to mitosis, such that cell population growth occurred only during subjective night. In addition, we found that the circadian rhythm also arrests G1-to-S and S-to-G2 transitions at particular circadian phases.
Extraction et analyse de la phase aqueuse de l'emmental à 4 stades d'affinage

Summary - Extraction and composition of the aqueous phase of Emmental during ripening. A new pressing unit was designed to improve the extraction methodology of the cheese aqueous phase, originally proposed by Barthel et al (1928a). Emmental aqueous phases extracted from cheeses at different ripening ages: after brining - before and after the warm room and at commercialization were characterized bacteriologically, physico-chemically and biochemically. Total solids content which is originally 90 glkg of the aqueous phase increases up to 170 glkg in the fullY ripened cheese phase. Most of this increase in caused by the proteolysis, mainly during the warm room period, which leads to a 5 times higher nitrogen content. A large part (56%) of the nitrogen water soluble components is free amino acids, some being at oversaturation (Tyr and Glu). No residual sugar was determined in aqueous phase and 25% of the lactate present in the brined cheese phase is consumed by propionibacteria during the warm room period, mainlyas L form. Deep modifications of phosphocalcic salts are detected: Ca/P ratio varies between 8.2 and 5.4 in the aqueous phase instead of 1.3 in milk. Na/CI ratio also does not agree with the theoretical value in NaCI molecule, leading to the conclusion that part of CI ion is mobilized in other saline iorms, maybe chlorhydrate. Characterization of the cheese
Soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of logging residues at two harvested forest sites in Sweden

Logging residues (LR), i.e. tops, branches, and needles, are increasingly being harvested for energy production in Fennoscandia. These residues are temporarily piled on site awaiting transport. This study was undertaken to investigate effects on the soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of LR at two recently harvested coniferous sites in Sweden. Seven treatments were included and the studied amounts of LR ranged from no LR left on the ground to four times the estimated LR amount of the harvested stands. Two treatments included eight times the estimated LR amount of the harvested stands but here the LR were removed after 7 or 20 weeks. Soil-water
Magnetite nanoparticles as adsorbent material for Cu2+ ions from aqueous solution

ABSTRACT Cu2+ ions can cause serious injuries to human health, at both high and low concentrations. Therefore, it is important not only to remove Cu2+ ions from aqueous media, but also to develop analytical methods for their accurate determination at low concentrations. Magnetite is one of the most used sorbents for Cu2+ removal. This work aims at synthesizing magnetite nanoparticles and at evaluating their adsorption capacity toward Cu2+ ions in aqueous solution by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy. Magnetite nanoparticles were characterized by means of a vibrational magnetometer, Fourier transformer infrared spectrum (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Magnetic nanoparticles showed Ms values of 52 and 62 emu/g. By taking into consideration the precipitation of Cu(OH)2 as a function of pH in the evaluation of the adsorption capacity of magnetite, we found that the maximum Cu2+ adsorption occurs at pH = 7 and that the adsorption equilibrium of the two samples is reached at 490 and 445 min. The use of blank solution avoids the overestimation of the adsorption capacity due to the presence of insoluble Cu(OH)2. Finally, two models are considered as a liquid/solid phase reaction, pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order reaction. Batch adsorption kinetics agrees with a pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that chemisorption is the rate-limiting step.
Effects of shelter and competition on the early growth of planted white spruce (Picea glauca)

Des traitements impliquant la modification de l'etage dominant et le controle de la vegetation ont ete appliques a trois sites experimentaux du nord de l'Ontario, au Canada, en vue d'examiner les effets d'abri et de concurrence sur l'epinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) plantee. L'etage dominant etait forme soit de peuplier faux-tremble pur (Populus tremuloides Michx.), soit d'une foret mixte de peupliers et de coniferes. Les traitements de l'etage dominant comprenaient la coupe a blanc, la coupe progressive uniforme (prelevement de 40% de la canopee), la coupe progressive par bandes (largeurs de 0,5 a 1,0H, ou H represente la hauteur des dominants), la coupe progressive par bouquets (diametre d'environ 1,0H), la coupe par bandes etroites (largeur de 0,25H) et l'absence de traitement laissant l'etage dominant intact. Le controle de la vegetation comprenait des traitements avec et sans herbicides. La croissance des semis au cours de la deuxieme annee etait la plus faible sous les etages dominants intacts et dans les bandes de 0,25H; le controle de la vegetation avait peu d'effet sur la croissance dans ces conditions. Par contre, le controle de la vegetation dans les coupes a blanc a augmente le diametre des semis, mais pas leur croissance en hauteur. Dans le cas des coupes progressives, le controle de la vegetation a souvent provoque l'augmentation de la croissance en diametre et en hauteur. Les plus grands diametres avaient tendance a se retrouver dans les coupes a blanc avec controle de la vegetation, tandis que la plus forte croissance en hauteur est survenue dans les coupes progressives avec controle de la vegetation. Ces differentes reponses se manifestent probablement parce que la croissance en diametre est influencee d'abord par la disponibilite de la lumiere, alors que la croissance en hauteur est aussi affectee par d'autres facteurs environnementaux. La combinaison du controle precoce de la vegetation avec des traitements par coupes progressives semble procurer un environnement optimal pour l'etablissement de l'epinette blanche.