Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extending isolation by resistance to predict genetic connectivity

Genetic connectivity lies at the heart of evolutionary theory, and landscape genetics has rapidly advanced to understand how gene flow can be impacted by the environment. Isolation by landscape resistance, often inferred through the use of circuit theory, is increasingly identified as being critical for predicting genetic connectivity across complex landscapes. Yet landscape impediments to migration can arise from fundamentally different processes, such as landscape gradients causing directional migration and mortality during migration, which can be challenging to address. Spatial absorbing Markov chains (SAMC) have been introduced to understand and predict these (and other) processes affecting connectivity in ecological settings, but the relationship of this framework to landscape genetics remains unclear. Here, we relate the SAMC to population genetics theory, provide simulations to interpret the extent to which the SAMC can predict genetic metrics and demonstrate how the SAMC can be applied to genomic data using an example with an endangered species, the Panama City crayfish Procambarus econfinae, where directional migration is hypothesized to occur. The use of the SAMC for landscape genetics can be justified based on similar grounds to using circuit theory, as we show how circuit theory is a special case of this framework. The SAMC can extend circuit‐theoretic connectivity modelling by quantifying both directional resistance to migration and acknowledging the difference between migration mortality and resistance to migration. Our empirical example highlights that the SAMC better predicts population structure than circuit theory and least‐cost analysis by acknowledging asymmetric environmental gradients (i.e. slope) and migration mortality in this species. These results provide a foundation for applying the SAMC to landscape genetics. This framework extends isolation‐by‐resistance modelling to account for some common processes that can impact gene flow, which can improve predicting genetic connectivity across complex landscapes.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among Nepalese health professionals

Introduction: Although Nepal joined the WHO program for International Drug Monitoring in 2006, published data about Nepalese health professionals’ understanding of pharmacovigilance and spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is limited. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to: (1) investigate awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance among health professionals and (2) gain insight into the ADRs reported for statins in Nepal. Methods: 125 health professionals (doctors, pharmacists/assistant pharmacists, and nurses) were recruited from health care institutions (hospitals, clinics, pharmacies) in Kathmandu, Nepal. Electronic and paper survey data were collected with the use of a validated questionnaire between April and December 2018. The multiple-choice questionnaire was structured to assess the KAP of pharmacovigilance, and ADRs associated with statins, and consisted of two open-ended questions for health professionals to give suggestions for the improvement of the pharmacovigilance system. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 25) was used to analyze the demographic and pharmacovigilance data. The main outcome measures were KAP of pharmacovigilance and ADRs reported for statins. Results:100 (80%) participants (44 doctors, 32 pharmacists / assistant pharmacists, 24 nurses) completed the self-administered questionnaire. Pharmacovigilance knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 71%, 81%, and 53%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the number of knowledgeable health professionals (71 vs. 29%, p < 0.05) and had a favorable attitude (81 vs. 19%, p < 0.05) toward pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting compared with those who did not. The number of participants who did not report ADR was higher than those who did (90 vs. 10%, p < 0.05). The adverse reactions associated with statins were muscle symptoms (62%), elevated activity of liver enzymes (24%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (9%). Conclusion: Despite the knowledge and willingness of health professionals to report ADRs, the practice of pharmacovigilance remains low in Nepal. There is a need for clear and enforceable regulations for monitoring and reporting ADRs, and effective educational interventions to promote pharmacovigilance practices.
Immunological Estimation of Inflammatory Interleukins (IL-4, IL-6 & IL-10) Among Patients with Bladder Cancer

The aim of this study was to determine Immunomolecular expression of inflammatory interleukins (IL-4, IL-6 & IL-10) by using ELISA, conventional PCR and Sequencing technologies, to give acknowledge about the roles of these interleukins in patients with bladder cancer in Basrah province. A case-control study included 85 confirmed bladder cancer patients and 80 individual as a control group. Data about age, gender, smoking, alcohol drinking, family history, occupation, residency and clinical findings for all patients with urothelial carcinoma were collected. This study show the effect of demographical factors ( age, gender smoking, family history, alcohol drinking, occupation and residency) in patients with bladder cancer. The current study measure interleukins (IL-4, IL-6 & IL-10) concentration (pg\ml) by using ELISA technology among various age groups, gender, tumor sages (T1-T4) and case status (newly diagnosed, advance & recurrence). The results show significant increase of interleukins 4, 6 and 10 in comparison with control group (P-value= 0.008, 0.009, 0.001) respectively.
Quasilinear Control: Performance Analysis and Design of Feedback Systems with Nonlinear Sensors and Actuators

This is a textbook and reference for readers interested in quasilinear control (QLC). QLC is a set of methods for performance analysis and design of linear plant or nonlinear instrumentation (LPNI) systems. The approach of QLC is based on the method of stochastic linearization, which reduces the nonlinearities of actuators and sensors to quasilinear gains. Unlike the usual - Jacobian linearization - stochastic linearization is global. Using this approximation, QLC extends most of the linear control theory techniques to LPNI systems. A bisection algorithm for solving these equations is provided. In addition, QLC includes new problems, specific for the LPNI scenario. Examples include Instrumented LQR/LQG, in which the controller is designed simultaneously with the actuator and sensor, and partial and complete performance recovery, in which the degradation of linear performance is either contained by selecting the right instrumentation or completely eliminated by the controller boosting.
Intuitionistic type theory

Preface These lectures were given in Padova at the Laboratorio per Ricerche di Di-namica dei Sistemi e di Elettronica Biomedica of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche during the month of June 1980. I am indebted to Dr. Enrico Pagello of that laboratory for the opportunity of so doing. The audience was made up by philosophers, mathematicians and computer scientists. Accordingly, I tried to say something which might be of interest to each of these three categories. Essentially the same lectures, albeit in a somewhat improved and more advanced form, were given later in the same year as part of the meeting on Konstruktive Mengenlehre und Typentheorie which was organized in Munich by Prof. Dr. Helmut Schwichtenberg, to whom I am indebted for the invitation, during the week 29 September – 3 October 1980. The main improvement of the Munich lectures, as compared with those given in Padova, was the adoption of a systematic higher level (Ger. Stufe) notation which allows me to write simply respectively. Moreover, the use of higher level variables and constants makes it possible to formulate the elimination and equality rules for the cartesian product in such a way that they follow the same pattern as the elimination and equality rules for all the other type forming operations. In their new formulation, these rules read Π-elimination c ∈ Π(A, B) (y(x) ∈ B(x) (x ∈ A)) d(y) ∈ C(λ(y)) F(c, d) ∈ C(c) and Π-equality (x ∈ A) b(x) ∈ B(x) (y(x) ∈ B(x) (x ∈ A)) d(y) ∈ C(λ(y)) F(λ(b), d) = d(b) ∈ C(λ(b)) respectively. Here y is a bound function variable, F is a new non-canonical (eliminatory) operator by means of which the binary application operation can be defined, putting Ap(c, a) ≡ F(c, (y) y(a)), and y(x) ∈ B(x) (x ∈ A) is an assumption, itself hypothetical, which has been put within parentheses to indicate that it is being discharged. A program of the new form F(c, d) has value e provided c has value λ(b) and d(b) has value e. This rule for evaluating F(c, d) reduces to the lazy evaluation rule for Ap(c, a) when the above definition is being made. Choosing C(z) to be B(a), thus independent of z, and d(y) to be y(a), the new elimination rule reduces to the old one and the new equality rule to the first of the two old equality rules. Moreover, the second …
Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intakes and Salt Reduction Strategies: Systematic Review in Africa (2012-2022)

assessed the salt/sodium content in food and 7 other studies focused on the awareness, attitudes, beliefs and practices of populations with regard to salt intake. One study focused on modelling. Salt intake varied from one country to the other; all countries had an intake level beyond set standards (< 5g/d/p). In Benin, for instance, the intake level was 4.4 g/24 h of sodium and 1.8 g/24 h of potassium. In Ghana, the estimated salt intake was 8.3 g/day and 6.8 g/day in South Africa. The salt content assessed in food also differed from one country to the other. In Nigeria, for instance, the sodium content was 1.36 g per 100 g of bread while it was 7.63 g (SD 3.12) per 100 g of bread in Tunisia. In Morocco, it was 8 to 9 g of salt for 100g of bread while it was 6 g in South Africa. The awareness of salt/sodium intake and of food rich in potassium has increased over the last decade. In South Africa, for instance, it has been noticed an evolution of 38 % to 59.5 % (p < 0. 0001) with people having improved upon their awareness further to mass sensitization campaigns. Some studies carried out both in South Africa and Ghana helped notice positive changes further to abiding by the salt-reduction bill, voted in July 2016. Most countries that have either benefited from the WHO (SAGE) support or adopted one of the national strategies in salt reduction like the South Africa’s legislation, notably sensitization in Ghana and Nigeria, results proved to be encouraging. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant decrease in salt intake in countries having adopted important strategies of salt reduction over this decade. However, these efforts must be maintained by the whole of of countries if we wish to meet worldwide 30% reduction objective in 2025.
Ferroelectric (K0.44Na0.52 Li0.04)(Nb0.86Ta0.10Sb0.04)O3 Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Lead-free ferroelectric (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)(Nb0.86Ta0.10Sb0.04)O3 (KNN-LT-LS) thin films have been prepared by a pulsed laser deposition process on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. Morphologies, structures and electrical properties of KNN-LT-LS thin films have been investigated as a function of deposition temperature from 680°C to 740°C. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that KNN-LT-LS thin films are a perovskite phase with a preferential (001) orientation. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of KNN-LT-LS films deposited at 740°C are 1450 and 7.2% at 1 kHz, respectively. The P-E hysteresis loops show that the KNN-LT-LS thin films possess improved ferroelectric properties. The remnant polarization and the coercive field of the films are 7.69 μC/cm2 and 40.8 kV/cm, respectively.
Hospitalization of injured motorcyclists in Brazil from 2011 to 2021

The motorcycle accident, its social and economic costs to society are topics widely debated and discussed today, since the trauma disease is responsible for numerous cases of hospitalization, injuries in target organs and sequelae. In addition, it presents itself as the main cause of death in young people and the economically active population. The present study aims to characterize the profile of hospitalizations due to traffic accidents involving motorcyclists in Brazil, reported in the DATASUS database. This is an epidemiological, retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of a historical series from 2011 to 2021. Education and prevention is essential in actions to control motorcycle accidents, seeking to reduce mortality and physical disability of victims after trauma. Epidemiological surveillance and preventive campaigns must be active and continuously intensified, seeking to eliminate accidents for the benefit of the individual and society.
Encyclopedia of fecal microbiota transplantation: a review of effectiveness in the treatment of 85 diseases

Abstract Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used as a core therapy for treating dysbiosis-related diseases by remodeling gut microbiota. The methodology and technology for improving FMT are stepping forward, mainly including washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) for microbiota delivery, and purified Firmicutes spores from fecal matter. To improve the understanding of the clinical applications of FMT, we performed a systematic literature review on FMT published from 2011 to 2021. Here, we provided an overview of the reported clinical benefits of FMT, the methodology of processing FMT, the strategy of using FMT, and the regulations on FMT from a global perspective. A total of 782 studies were included for the final analysis. The present review profiled the effectiveness from all clinical FMT uses in 85 specific diseases as eight categories, including infections, gut diseases, microbiota–gut–liver axis, microbiota–gut–brain axis, metabolic diseases, oncology, hematological diseases, and other diseases. Although many further controlled trials will be needed, the dramatic increasing reports have shown the promising future of FMT for dysbiosis-related diseases in the gut or beyond the gut.
On Schur function expansions of Thom polynomials

We discuss computations of the Thom polynomials of singularity classes of maps in the basis of Schur functions. We survey the known results about the bound on the length and a rectangle containment for partitions appearing in such Schur function expansions. We describe several recursions for the coefficients. For some singularities, we give old and new computations of their Thom polynomials.
Radar observations of an inertia-gravity wave in the troposphere and lower stratosphere

Radar measurements at Aberystwyth (52.4°N, 4.1°W) during 25-27 June 1990 have been used to examine the characteristics of an inertia-gravity wave. Above the tropopause, hodographs of horizontal perturbation velocity derived for 2.4-h time intervals show clockwise rotation with increasing height, corresponding to upwards propagation of energy, and vertical wavelengths of 1.5-2.6 km. Below the tropopause, the results are not as distinct but the majority of hodographs show anticlockwise rotation. A complementary rotary spectral analysis carried out for the full 2-day observation period shows that clockwise circular components dominate over anticlockwise components above the tropopause for vertical wavelengths in the range 1-7 km. This analysis also shows the presence of saturation in this height range for vertical wavelengths up to about 1.5 km. Again, the results for heights below the tropopause are not as clear. From the spectral results, together with information on the direction of wave propagation inferred from the hodographs and from estimates of the vertical flux of horizontal momentum, the source of the wave is tentatively identified as a jet stream to the north
ON THE BEST APPROXIMATION OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF PERIODIC FUNCTIONS BY TRIGONOMETRIC POLYNOMIALS

AbstractWe obtain the estimates for the best approximation in the uniform metric ofthe classes of 2π-periodic functions whose (ψ,β)-derivatives have a given majorantωof the modulus of continuity. It is shown that the estimates obtained here areasymptotically exact under some natural conditions on the parameters ψ,ωand βdeﬁning the classesMSC 2010: 42A10 1 Introduction Let Lbe the space of 2π-periodic functions summable over the period with the normkfk 1 =R π−π |f(t)|dtand let Cbe the space of 2π-periodic continuous functions fwith the norm kfk C = max t |f(t)|. Suppose f∈ LandS[f] =a 0 2+X ∞k=1 (a k coskx+b k sinkx) (1)is its Fourier series. Suppose also that ψ(k) is an arbitrary numerical sequence andβis a ﬁxed real number (β∈ R). If the seriesX ∞k=1 1ψ(k)a k coskx+βπ2+b k sinkx+βπ2is the Fourier series of a certain function ϕ∈ L,then ϕis called (see, e.g., [8, 9])the (ψ,β)-derivative of the function fand is denoted by f ψβ . The set of continuousfunctions f(x) having (ψ,β)-derivatives such that f
Determinants of the Severity of Contract Enforcement in Chinese PPP Projects: From Public Sector's Perspective

In PPP projects, the enforcement of concession contract is of much importance. Thus, this study analyzed the severity of contract enforcement after private sectors violate concession contracts in Chinese PPP projects from the perspective of public sectors. Through 39 in-depth interviews with those working in public sectors under Chinese PPP projects, there were four determinants identified for the severity of contract enforcement in public sectors: the consequence of contract violations, the intention of contract violations, private sectors' remedies, and private sectors' prior performance. Furthermore, this study analyzed the intrinsic relationship between the four determinants with trust foundation, destruction, and repair. The findings of this study extend the existing theory on the severity of contract enforcement. For those managers working in public sectors, the findings of this study can help improve their flexibility in contract enforcement, thus contributing to the success of PPP projects.
APPLYING FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE OF STUDENTS IN GRADE 10: THE SUBJECT OF REDOX REACTION

Redox reaction is an important concept in chemistry, and a well-organized knowledge structure of redox reaction is beneficial for concept learning. This study investigated the knowledge structure regarding redox reaction from 459 Grade 10 students. The pool of 15 redox reaction concepts was developed by content analysis, questionnaire survey, and interview. Six initial competing models with 15 concepts were identified via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and paper-pencil test. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test and modify the six competing models according to the rating data of the students. As a result, six modified models fit the data well. However, the high inter-factor correlations indicate that the two- and three-factor models are the students' knowledge structures of redox reaction. The two-factor model is comprised of two distinct but correlated factors: the process of redox reaction and metrology. The three-factor model is comprised of three factors: the process of redox reaction, reaction ability, and metrology. The finding inflects the abstract relationships between the concepts related to redox reaction in students' minds. Keywords: redox reaction, chemistry education, knowledge structure, factor analysis
Quantifying the vertical water exchange of dominant tree species in a reclaimed landscape in the Athabasca oil sands region, Alberta

Large‐scale oil sands mining in the Athabasca oil sands region has caused significant disturbance to forest and peatland ecosystems of the Western Boreal Plains in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Reclamation of these ecosystems has faced many challenges, including successful re‐vegetation of uplands. The trajectory of reclaimed uplands depends on the community structure of tree species, which in turn influences vertical water exchanges via increases in rainfall interception and transpiration. The trajectory therefore influences vadose zone moisture dynamics and reduces water available for recharge to adjacent reclaimed peatlands. The objectives of this study were to assess trends in transpiration of dominant tree species in a reclaimed upland and quantify canopy–rainfall dynamics and its impact on near‐surface soil moisture regime and tree water use. To assess these trends, throughfall, interception and stemflow were measured throughout the growing season. Tree transpiration was measured using sap flow sensors, along with soil tension measurements using soil tensiometers. Results indicate that tree transpiration and water use are controlled by water availability, and at this stage (6 years since reclamation), canopy interception has begun to play an important role in partitioning growing season rainfall. At this time in canopy development, transpiration accounted for 52% of water losses from the system, with broadleaf trees contributing 71%. However, coniferous trees had greater interception capabilities, as Picea mariana intercepted 35% and Pinus banksiana 32%, while broadleaf Populus tremuloides and Populus balsamifera contributed 29% and 26%, respectively. As this reclaimed upland canopy continues to evolve, moisture partitioning, including groundwater recharge to the adjacent fen will continue to change over time, suggesting that the successional pathway of constructed watersheds is strongly influenced by hydrometeorological conditions within the first decade.
High‐Resolution Imaging of Fault Zone Structure Along the Creeping Section of the Haiyuan Fault, NE Tibet, From Data Recorded by Dense Seismic Arrays

High‐resolution imaging of fault zone structures is essential for understanding earthquake physics and fault mechanics. As a major left‐lateral strike‐slip fault in northeastern Tibet, fine structures of the damage zone in the creeping (Laohushan) section of the Haiyuan fault remain unclear. To resolve geometry and velocity reduction of the damage zone, we deployed a dense temporary network of 110 seismic stations around the creeping section of the Haiyuan fault. Travel time delays from teleseismic P arrivals suggest an approximately 1‐km‐wide low‐velocity zone, likely illuminating a broader damage zone around the Haiyuan fault. A catalog is constructed for local earthquakes based on phase picks identified from a machine learning technique. The amplification of waveforms from these local events and waveform modeling of fault zone trapped waves indicate a narrower inner damage zone with depth‐dependent width (ranging from 150 to 50 m) that extends to a depth of approximately 4 km. These values are generally consistent with those found on other noncreeping faults in California, suggesting that these damage zone properties are not affected by fault slip behaviors at shallow depth. In addition, a clear bi‐material velocity contrast across the fault is revealed by the analysis of teleseismic P arrivals. Assuming the contrast extends to a depth of 15 km, we find that P‐wave velocity is approximately 5% slower in the crustal block north of the fault. Our study shows that a temporary dense seismic network is effective in illuminating cross‐fault velocity contrast and fault geometry.