Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VISCOSITY IN PLANETARY RINGS WITH SPINNING SELF-GRAVITATING PARTICLES

Using local N-body simulation, we examine viscosity in self-gravitating planetary rings. We investigate the dependence of viscosity on various parameters in detail, including the effects of particle surface friction. In the case of self-gravitating rings with low optical depth, viscosity is determined by particle random velocity. Inclusion of surface friction slightly reduces both random velocity and viscosity when particle random velocity is determined by inelastic collisions, while surface friction slightly increases viscosity when gravitational encounters play a major role in particle velocity evolution, so that viscous heating balances with increased energy dissipation at collisions due to surface friction. We find that including surface friction changes viscosity in dilute rings up to a factor of about two. In the case of self-gravitating dense rings, viscosity is significantly increased due to the effects of gravitational wakes, and we find that varying restitution coefficients also change viscosity in such dense rings by a factor of about two. We confirm that our numerical results for viscosity in dense rings with gravitational wakes can be well approximated by a semianalytic expression that is consistent with a previously obtained formula. However, we find that this formula seems to overestimate viscosity in dense rings far from the central planet, where temporary gravitational aggregates form. We derive semianalytic expressions that reproduce our numerical results well for the entire range of examined parameters.
Effectiveness of Health Coaching in Smoking Cessation and Promoting the Use of Oral Smoking Cessation Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: This study looked into the effectiveness of a 6 month health coaching intervention in smoking cessation and smoking reduction for patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study was carried out via a two-armed, double-blind, randomized-controlled trial with 68 participants at a medical center in Taiwan. The intervention group received health coaching for 6 months, while the control group only received usual smoking cessation services; some patients in both groups participated in a pharmacotherapy plan. The health coaching intervention is a patient-centered approach to disease management which focuses on changing their actual behaviors. By targeting on achieving effective adult learning cycles, health coaching aims to help patients to establish new behavior patterns and habits. Results: In this study, the intervention group had significantly more participants who reduced their level of cigarette smoking by at least 50% than the control group (p = 0.030). Moreover, patients participating in the pharmacotherapy plan in the coaching intervention group had a significant effect on smoking cessation (p = 0.011), but it was insignificant in the control group. Conclusions: Health coaching can be an effective approach to assisting patients with type 2 diabetes participating in a pharmacotherapy plan to reduce smoking and may help those who participate in pharmacotherapy plan to quit smoking more effectively. Further studies with higher-quality evidence on the effectiveness of health coaching in smoking cessation and the use of oral smoking cessation drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes are needed.
Oscillator strengths for transitions among the 3s2 and 3s3p levels of Si III

Accurate oscillator strengths for electric-dipole-allowed intercombination transition (3s2 1S0 to 3s3p 3P1) and other electric quadrupole, magnetic dipole and magnetic quadrupole transitions among the 3s2 and 3s3p levels of Si III are reported.
Projection of COVID-19 Positive Cases Considering Hybrid Immunity: Case Study in Tokyo

Since the emergence of COVID-19, the forecasting of new daily positive cases and deaths has been one of the essential elements in policy setting and medical resource management worldwide. An essential factor in forecasting is the modeling of susceptible populations and vaccination effectiveness (VE) at the population level. Owing to the widespread viral transmission and wide vaccination campaign coverage, it becomes challenging to model the VE in an efficient and realistic manner, while also including hybrid immunity which is acquired through full vaccination combined with infection. Here, the VE model of hybrid immunity was developed based on an in vitro study and publicly available data. Computational replication of daily positive cases demonstrates a high consistency between the replicated and observed values when considering the effect of hybrid immunity. The estimated positive cases were relatively larger than the observed value without considering hybrid immunity. Replication of the daily positive cases and its comparison would provide useful information of immunity at the population level and thus serve as useful guidance for nationwide policy setting and vaccination strategies.
Sub‐Seasonal Variability of ENSO Teleconnections in Western North America and Its Prediction Skill

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) significantly affects the wintertime surface climate in western North America (WNA) via the Pacific/North American‐like teleconnection pattern. Here, we show that the ENSO teleconnections over the WNA have significant sub‐seasonal variation despite the persistence of ENSO‐related tropical sea surface temperature anomalies throughout the entire winter. The ENSO–WNA teleconnections become substantially weakened in mid‐winter, considerably weaker than those in early and late winter. This mid‐winter weakening of the ENSO–WNA teleconnections is attributable to the convection over the equatorial Indian Ocean. In mid‐December of El Niño winters, the anomalously‐enhanced convection develops over the equatorial Indian Ocean and excites the teleconnection pattern with a 2‐week time lag. This teleconnection largely opposes the Pacific/North American‐like teleconnection pattern that is induced by anomalous convection over the equatorial central Pacific. Such sub‐seasonal variation of ENSO teleconnections is poorly predicted by multi‐model hindcasts, affecting the mid‐latitude prediction skill. It particularly results in a poorer prediction skill of WNA surface air temperature in mid‐winter than in late winter. This result highlights a need to better simulate the ENSO‐related tropical convection and the associated teleconnections in the model to improve the long‐lead prediction of the WNA surface climate.
Descriptive Analysis of First-Line Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment with Pembrolizumab in Tumors Expressing PD-L1 ≥ 50% in Patients Treated in Quebec’s University Teaching Hospitals (DALP-First Study)

Since July 2017, pembrolizumab has been approved as a first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients with a PD-L1 score ≥ 50% in Quebec. Study objectives were to describe and assess the real-world use of pembrolizumab; report progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and immune-related adverse events (IRAEs); and compare outcomes between a fixed dose (FD) and a weight-based capped dose (WCD). Medical records of patients treated in one of Quebec’s four adult university teaching hospitals who received pembrolizumab between 1 November 2017 and 31 October 2019 were reviewed and followed until 29 February 2020. Two hundred and seventy-nine patients were included. The median real-world PFS and OS were 9.4 (95% CI, 6.6 to 11.2) and 17.3 months (95% CI, 12.9 to not reached), respectively. IRAEs causing delays or treatment interruptions were seen in 34.4% of patients. Initiating treatment with a FD (49 patients) or using a WCD (230 patients) does not appear to affect PFS, OS, or the occurrence of IRAEs. The use of a WCD strategy allowed approximately CAD 5.8 million in savings during the course of our study. These findings support the effectiveness and safety of pembrolizumab in a real-world setting. The use of a WCD does not appear to have a negative impact on patient outcomes.
Figures fighting figures – unpacking state authority's mis/trust in PISA statistics

ABSTRACT How can we understand the uncertainties in high-stake measures such as PISA in relation to the claims that different authorities make from them? In this paper, we use a rather remarkable case from Sweden involving conflicting interpretations of the PISA 2018 results at a national political level and a fight over statistics between two national agencies: National Agency for Education and the National Audit Office. The aim of this paper is to unpack processes of interpretations and claims that are often black-boxed in PISA debates: How can we understand the process that led up to the fight and what followed? Our data consist of media articles, broadcasts from the national television and radio (2018–2021), reports and memos from the two-state authorities involved in this debate, and email conversations between the two. Our results stress the need for further transparency in how PISA data are collected and calculated.
Five-Factor Personality Dimensions Mediated the Relationship between Parents’ Parenting Style Differences and Mental Health among Medical University Students

Background: Previous studies have identified the relationships between parental parenting style, personality, and mental health. However, the interactive influences between mother’s and father’s parenting styles on personality have been examined less often. To fill the gaps, the first aim of this study was to build the relationships between parental parenting style differences (PDs) and five-factor personality dimensions. The second aim was to test the mediating effect of five-factor personality dimensions on the relationships between parental parenting style differences and mental health. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among medical university students, and 2583 valid participants were analyzed. Mental health was measured by the Kessler-10 scale. The Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory brief version (CBF-PI-B) was used to access five-factor personality dimensions. PD was calculated by the short form of Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran. Linear regressions were conducted to analyze the associations between PD and five-factor personality dimensions. The SPSS macros program (PROCESS v3.3) was performed to test the mediating effect of five-factor personality dimensions on the associations between PD and mental health. Results: Linear regressions found that worse mental health was positively associated with PD (β = 0.15, p < 0.001), higher neuroticism (β = 0.61, p < 0.001), lower conscientiousness (β = −0.11, p < 0.001), lower agreeableness (β = −0.10, p < 0.01), and lower openness (β = −0.05, p < 0.05). The results also supported that PD was positively associated with lower conscientiousness (β = −0.15, p < 0.01), lower agreeableness (β = −0.09, p < 0.001), lower openness (β = −0.15, p < 0.001), and lower extraversion (β = −0.08, p < 0.001), respectively. The mediating effect of agreeableness or openness was supported for the relationships between PD and mental health. Conclusion: These findings remind us of the importance of consistent parenting styles between mother and father, and they also can be translated into practices to improve mental health among medical university students.
Comparative genomics analysis of endangered wild Egyptian Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori plastome, with implications for the evolution of Brassicales order

Moringa is a mono-genus belonging to the Moringaceae family, which includes 13 species. Among them, Moringa peregrina is plant species native to the Arabian Peninsula, Southern Sinai in Egypt, and the Horn of Africa, and comprehensive studies on its nutritional, industrial, and medicinal values have been performed. Herein, we sequenced and analyzed the initial complete chloroplast genome of Moringa peregrina. Concurrently, we analyzed the new chloroplast genome along with 25 chloroplast genomes related to species representing eight families in the Brassicales order. The results indicate that the plastome sequence of M. peregrina consists of 131 genes, with an average GC content of 39.23%. There is a disparity in the IR regions of the 26 species ranging from 25,804 to 31,477 bp. Plastome structural variations generated 20 hotspot regions that could be considered prospective DNA barcode locations in the Brassicales order. Tandem repeats and SSR structures are reported as significant evidence of structural variations among the 26 tested specimens. Furthermore, selective pressure analysis was performed to estimate the substitution rate within the Moringaceae family, which revealing that the ndhA and accD genes are under positive selective pressure. The phylogenetic analysis of the Brassicales order produced an accurate monophyletic annotation cluster of the Moringaceae and Capparaceae species, offering unambiguous identification without overlapping groups between M. oleifera and M. peregrina, which are genetically strongly associated. Divergence time estimation suggests that the two Moringa species recently diversified, 0.467 Ma. Our findings highlight the first complete plastome of the Egyptian wild-type of M. peregrina, which can be used for determining plastome phylogenetic relationships and systematic evolution history within studies on the Moringaceae family.
Behaviour of a bubble cluster in an ultrasound field

Ultrasound medical applications, such as an ultrasound imaging with micro‐bubble contrast agents, and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy have attracted much attention in recent years. These applications have a close relation to the motion of micro‐bubbles, so that it is essential to understand their dynamics. The bubble motion is influenced by the internal phenomena and its interaction with the surrounding medium, such as the thermal diffusion, the mist formation, the mass diffusion, the heat and mass transfer through the bubble wall. It is important that the oscillation of micro bubbles generates a strong acoustic pressure for these medical applications. The strong pressure also appears in the case of a bubble cluster, like a cloud cavitation. As these dynamics of bubbles are strongly influenced by the thermal phenomena inside them, it is necessary to construct the model taking these phenomena into account to analyse the behaviour of the bubble cluster precisely. Thus, the following effects are considered: the evaporation and condensation of the liquid at the bubble wall, the heat transfer through the bubble wall, and the compressibility of the liquid. Then the spherical bubble cluster is numerically simulated. When the frequency of the ultrasound is sufficiently high, the bubble cluster hardly oscillates. On the contrary, when the frequency of the ultrasound is at the resonance of the bubble cluster, the pressure wave generates the shock wave and it focuses to the cluster centre. As a result, the pressure inside the bubble at the cluster centre becomes much higher than that of a single bubble. Though this extreme high pressure causes the severe cavitation erosion, it is thought that this high energy concentration has the potential to be utilized for medical applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telerehabilitation Pathways in Specific Learning Disorders: Improving Reading and Writing

Telerehabilitation has proved to be a useful tool for neurodevelopmental disorders in allowing timely and intensive intervention and preventing relapses; it is also widely used for specific learning disabilities (SLD), showing significant effects on reading abilities, but variables linked to its effectiveness have not been studied yet. The present study was aimed at testing the effectiveness of telerehabilitation on reading and writing in SLD children, comparing different treatment pathways, and considering the impact of training intensity and executive functions. Seventy-three children were enrolled (telerehabilitation group: 48 children, waiting list group: 25 children). The results showed significant improvements in reading fluency, text dictation, and executive functions in the training group. Children attending a combined training including reading tasks and rapid automatized naming processes improved in word reading fluency and text dictation. The number of training sessions and the change in executive functions significantly correlated with changes in reading accuracy. Here we show a new contribution to telerehabilitation research in SLD: telerehabilitation significantly enhanced learning abilities and executive functions. Training based on the learning task and the underlying processes significantly increased not only reading speed, according to previous studies, but also writing accuracy. The findings’ implications in clinical research and practice are discussed.
Association of Major Adverse Cardiac Events and Beta-Blockers in Patients with and without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Long-Term Follow-Up Results of the T-SPARCLE and T-PPARCLE Registry in Taiwan

Beta-blockers are widely used, but the benefit is now challenged in patients at risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the present coronary reperfusion era. We aimed to identify the risk factors of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and the long-term effect of beta-blockers in two large cohorts in Taiwan. Two prospective observational cohorts, including patients with known atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (T-SPARCLE) and patients with at least one risk factor of ASCVD but without clinically evident ASCVD (T-PPARCLE), were conducted in Taiwan. The primary endpoint is the time of first occurrence of a MACE (cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest with resuscitation). Between December 2009 and November 2014, with a median 2.4 years follow-up, 11,747 eligible patients (6921 and 4826 in T-SPARCLE and T-PPARCLE, respectively) were enrolled. Among them, 273 patients (2.3%) met the primary endpoint. With multivariate Cox PH model analysis, usage of beta-blocker was lower in patients with MACE (42.9% vs. 52.4%, p < 0.01). In patients with ASCVD, beta-blocker usage was associated with lower MACEs (hazard ratio 0.72; p < 0.001), but not in patients without ASCVD. The event-free survival of beta-blocker users remained higher during the follow-up period (p < 0.005) of ASCVD patients. In conclusion, in ASCVD patients, reduced MACE was associated with beta-blocker usage, and the effect was maintained during a six-year follow-up. Prescribing beta-blockers as secondary prevention is reasonable in the Taiwanese population.
Meta-analysis and systematic review of coronary vasospasm in ANOCA patients: Prevalence, clinical features and prognosis

Background Coronary artery spasm (CAS), encompassing epicardial and microvascular spasm, is increasingly recognized as cause of angina in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA). However, various spasm provocation testing protocols and diagnostic criteria are used, making diagnosis and characterization of these patients difficult and interpretation of study results cumbersome. This review provides a structured overview of the prevalence, characterization and prognosis of CAS worldwide in men and women. Methods A systematic review identifying studies describing ANOCA patients with CAS was performed. Multiple outcomes (prevalence, clinical features, and prognosis) were assessed. Data, except for prognosis were pooled and analysed using random effects meta-analysis models. Results Twenty-five publications (N = 14.554) were included (58.2 years; 44.2% women). Percentages of epicardial constriction to define epicardial spasm ranged from >50% to >90%. Epicardial spasm was prevalent in 43% (range 16–73%), with a higher prevalence in Asian vs. Western World population (52% vs. 33%, p = 0.014). Microvascular spasm was prevalent in 25% (range 7–39%). Men were more likely to have epicardial spasm (61%), women were more likely to have microvascular spasm (64%). Recurrent angina is frequently reported during follow-up ranging from 10 to 53%. Conclusion CAS is highly prevalent in ANOCA patients, where men more often have epicardial spasm, women more often have microvascular spasm. A higher prevalence of epicardial spasm is demonstrated in the Asian population compared to the Western World. The prevalence of CAS is high, emphasizing the use of unambiguous study protocols and diagnostic criteria and highlights the importance of routine evaluation of CAS in men and women with ANOCA. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=272100.
Efficacy of preharvest application of biocontrol agents against gray mold in grapevine

The use of biocontrol agents (BCAs) represents a promising alternative to conventional methods for the management of gray mold in vineyards during the berry ripening stage. The main advantages of BCAs are the short preharvest interval and lack of chemical fungicide residues in wine. In this study, eight commercial BCAs (based on different Bacillus or Trichoderma species and strains, Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia fructicola, and Pythium oligandrum) and a reference fungicide (boscalid) were applied to a vineyard during berry ripening over three seasons to evaluate the dynamics over time in terms of their relative efficacies in gray mold control. At 1–13 days after application of BCAs to the berry surfaces in field conditions, the berries were collected and artificially inoculated with conidia of Botrytis cinerea under controlled laboratory conditions, and gray mold severity was observed after 7 days of incubation. Significant differences were observed in gray mold severity among years, according to the number of days the BCAs grew on the berry surface before B. cinerea inoculation, and the season by day interaction (altogether accounting for >80% of the experimental variance). The variability in BCA efficacy was closely related to the environmental conditions at the time of application and in the following days. Overall, the BCA efficacy increased with the degree days accumulated between BCA application in the vineyard and B. cinerea inoculation in the dry (no rain) periods (r = 0.914, P = 0.001). Rainfall and the associated drop in temperature caused a relevant reduction of BCA efficacy. These results demonstrate that BCAs are an effective alternative to conventional chemicals for the preharvest control of gray mold in vineyards. However, environmental conditions can considerably affect the BCA efficacy.
The most likely but largely ignored triggering factor for breast (or all) cancer invasion

Breast cancer development and progression are believed to be a sequential process, from normal to hyperplastic, to in situ, and to invasive and metastatic stages. Given that over 90% of cancer deaths are caused by invasive and metastatic lesions, countless factors and multiple theories have been proposed as the triggering factor for the cascade of actions of cancer invasion. However, those factors and theories are largely based on the studies of cell lines or animal models. In addition, corresponding interventions based on these factors and theories have failed to reduce the incidence rate of invasive and metastatic lesions, suggesting that previous efforts may have failed to arm at the right target. Considering these facts and observations, we are proposing “A focal aberrant degeneration in the myoepithelial cell layer (MECL) as the most likely triggering factor for breast cancer invasion”. Our hypothesis is based on our recent studies of breast and multiple other cancers. Our commentary provides the rationale, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular data to support our hypotheses. As all epithelium-derived cancers share a very similar architecture, our hypothesis is likely to be applicable to invasion of all cancer types. We believe that human tissue-derived data may provide a more realistic roadmap to guide the clinic practice.