Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of vermicompost on growth, quality and economic return of garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia. The yield of the crop is often constrained by low and unbalanced nutrient supply in the soil. This study was undertaken to assess effect of vermicompost (VC) on growth, quality and economic return of garlic variety Chelenko I during 2016 main rainy season in Haramaya University main campus, Ethiopia. The treatment consisted of four levels of vermicompost (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 tons ha-1) laid out in a randomized complete block design in three replication. Data were collected and analyzed on days to emergency, plant growth, quality, and economic return of garlic. Results revealed early emergency (8.07 days) with application of 7.5 tons ha-1 of vermicompost while late emergency (10.13 days) was at nil application of vermicompost. Significant (P<0.05) maximum leaf area (37.05 cm2), leaf area index (1.36) and biomass (61.54 g) were recorded with application of 7.5 tons ha-1. Besides to this, maximum total dry matter (32.71%) and total soluble solid (12.72 Brix°) were also recorded at the rate of 7.5 tons ha-1. Due to application of 7.5 tons ha-1 fertilizer, the economic analysis showed the highest net benefit cost of 431,188 ETB ha-1 and marginal rate of return (168.87%) with incurred highest total variable cost of 79,350 ETB ha-1. Thus, it can be reasonably generalized that on short time basis, the application of high amounts of VC fertilizers can result in higher economic return than the low dose of VC fertilizer. Therefore, it can be concluded that, the maximum growth and quality and economic return of garlic was obtained with application of 7.5 tons of VC ha-1 fertilizer as it gave the highest net benefit cost. However, since the experiment was done only once and at one location, similar experiments should be carried out using additional higher rates of VC fertilizer over several seasons and locations to make a conclusive recommendation. Key words: Chelenko I, economic return, marginal rate return, net benefit, total soluble solids.
Kisspeptin: A Central Regulator of Reproduction in Mammals

The discovery of the role of kisspeptin neurons in the regulation of mammalian reproduction in 2003 was one of the biggest breakthroughs in reproductive endocrinology within the last few decades. Research during the past two decades since the discovery of kisspeptin has been unveiling the mechanism of how the hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons control reproductive functions through regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. This article aims to overview kisspeptin research, including the most recent studies from ours and other research groups, and to discuss the possibility of new strategies to control reproductive functions in farm animals. In the first section, we introduce the critical role of kisspeptin neurons in puberty onset and reproductive functions in mammals, including the regulation of two modes of GnRH/gonadotropin secretion, namely pulsatile and surge modes. The next section focuses more on the mechanism of how the kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus precisely controls GnRH pulse using other two neuropeptides, neurokinin B and dynorphin A. The article also discusses the mechanism suppressing reproductive function during lactation and other stress conditions through inhibition of kisspeptin neurons and consequent GnRH/gonadotropin secretion, to provide insights on the possibility of new strategies to control reproductive performance in domestic farm animals. Keywords Anteroventral Periventricular Nucleus, Arcuate Nucleus, Fertility, Gonadotropins, Pre-optic Area.
Gender Based Violence against Syrian Refugee Women in Turkey

Following the outbreak of war in Syria, many people had to move to neighbouring countries and beyond. Hence Turkey received a large number of Syrians as refugees since 2011. Syrian refugee women faced challenges arising from them being refugees and women. These experiences are not dissimilar to other refugee women’s experiences around the world. This study aimed at analysing the news about Syrian refugee women in Turkish newspapers. Four well established Turkish newspapers with nationwide distribution (i.e. Haberturk, Cumhuriyet, Hurriyet and Internethaber) were screened between 2015 and 2019. It was found that Syrian women refugees faced gender-based violence in Turkey. Their experiences as concubines, and in prostitution as well as sexual assaults were mentioned in the news articles we have analysed.
Supply chains under resource pressure

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implications of supply chain strategies that manufacturing companies can use to minimise or overcome natural resource scarcity, and ultimately improve resource efficiency and achieve competitive advantage. The relationship between resource efficiency and competitive advantage is also explored. ,The proposed research model draws on resource dependence theory. Data were collected from 183 logistics, purchasing, sustainability and supply chain managers from various manufacturing companies and analysed by applying the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique. ,The results indicate that both buffering and bridging strategies improve resource efficiency; however, only bridging strategies seem to lead to firm’s competitive advantage in terms of ownership and accessibility to resources. The relationship between resource efficiency and competitive advantage is not supported. ,Future research could confirm the robustness of these findings by using a larger sample size and taking into account other supply chain members. ,This research provides guidance to managers faced with the growing risk of resource scarcity to achieve a resource efficient supply chain and an advantage over competitors. ,Studies have explored the appropriate strategies for minimising dependencies caused by the scarcity of natural resources in the field of supply chain management; however, there is limited empirical work on investigating the impact of these strategies on resource efficiency and competitive advantage.
ADVANCED 3D MODELLING FOR ANODE BAKING FURNACES

The quality of the anode used in the aluminum industry depends strongly on the baking process. In general, it is desirable to achieve a more uniform temperature inside the anode during the heating process, combined with lower soaking time and energy consumption. The main objective of this study is to present a 3D computational model able to take into account a large number of phenomena and parameters that play a role in the baking process, such as, coupled fluid flow and transient heat transfer, burning of volatiles, fuel combustion, radiation and control system representation. The simulations were done using the commercial CFD code CFX 5.6. This model can be used as a powerful tool in the development of new furnaces and retrofitting existing ones.
Recurrence of Pterygium after Pterygium Excision with Stem Cell Graft and Amniotic Membrane Graft: A Comparison

Study objective The objective of this study was to compare pterygium excision with amniotic membrane graft and that with stem cell graft in terms of pterygium recurrence, using a quasi-experimental study design. This study was conducted at the department of ophthalmology at Nishtar Hospital, Multan, Pakistan from January to September 2019. Methodology and results A total of 214 patients who presented to the outpatient section at the department of ophthalmology were included in this study. A lottery method was used to divide the patients into two equal groups: A and B. Patients in group A underwent pterygium excision with amniotic membrane graft, and patients in group B underwent pterygium excision with stem cell grafts. Follow-ups were planned for the third day, the second week, the first month, the third month, and the sixth month postoperatively. Frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables and for quantitative data. Mean and standard deviation were calculated, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Postoperative complications (i.e., graft edema, hemorrhage, and recurrence) in group A were observed as n = 0 (0%), n = 11 (10.3%), and n = 15 (14%), respectively. Postoperative complications (i.e., graft edema, hemorrhage, and recurrence) in group B were observed as 15%, 3.7%, and 12.1%, respectively. Statistically, the difference for graft edema was significant (p = 0.000). Conclusion Stem cell grafting after pterygium excision was not associated with any major complications postoperatively. Stem cell grafting is better in terms of cosmetic appearance and has less recurrence rate as compared to amniotic membrane transplantation.
The role of nanotechnology for improving crop production

Today, green nanotechnology has great importance due to the presence of different modes of restrictive action against various pathogens such as fungi and bacterial species. The use of nanomaterials has recently increased in agriculture and plant-tissue culture thanks to their unique different properties such as; magnetic, electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties. Optimum use of iron increases protein content in the wheat grain. They also enhance plant growth by improving disease resistance and increase stability of the plants by anti-bending and deeper rooting of crops. It has been reported by many researchers that Nano-fertilizers significantly influenced the seed germination which demonstrated the effect of Nano fertilizers on seed and seed vigor. Chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Developing Nano-biotechnology is generating interests in research towards eco-friendly, cost effective and biological synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles systems have been combined into plant fungal disease controlpractices. Using nanoparticles as biosensors in plant disease diagnostics is also illustrated.
How Change in Industry Mix Can Improve the Financial Performance of Regional Economies: Evidence from the Portfolio Approach

The aim of the study is to adapt the portfolio approach to optimization of the industrial structures of regional economies and to assess its results. The research is based on data of the Russian regions and federal districts in 2004–2016. The ratio of a balanced financial result to gross regional product referred to as financial return, and its volatility, called financial risk, were used as target parameters of regional economies. The application of the portfolio approach allowed us to evaluate financial return and risk in the regions and districts and decompose them by industries. Further, we solved three optimization problems: maximization of financial return at a given risk level, minimization of risk at a given return level, maximization of the Arrow-Pratt risk aversion utility function, and assessed their gains. As a result, we found that all three optimizations were often accompanied by a certain re-specialization of regional economies, rather than an increase in the degree of their diversification, although in the regions the situation was significantly different. For the federal districts, we identified a cross-regional effect that neutralized financial volatility, which can be used in re-specialization of regions within districts. Ultimately, the features and limitations of the application of the portfolio approach to the management of industrial structures of regional economies were discussed.
Comparative shear-bond strength of dental self- adhesive resin cement to zirconia: a Systematic Review

s screened ( n = 41) not relevance titles were excluded ( n = 242) Full-text articles assessed for eligibility ( n = 28) duplicates removed ( n = 13) Studied included in qualitative synthesis ( n = 7) Due to lack of relevant data ( n = 21 )
Disability of Gait in Stroke Survivors: Physiotherapy Clinical Use of Visual Gait Analysis in Lusaka, Zambia

Stroke is one of the leading causes of severe handicap, disabling and impairing the ability to walk in 80% of all stroke survivors. Physiotherapists, all over the globe, use Observational gait analysis as a preferred method of gait assessment in their clinical practice to assess, monitor change, evaluate treatment and identify areas needing intervention in the rehabilitation of patients with gait disability. The objective of the study was to determine factors affecting the use of observational gait analysis in assessment of stroke survivors among physiotherapy practitioners at the University Teaching Hospital. The study was a cross sectional descriptive study aimed at determining the knowledge and factors affecting use of observational gait analysis and the adaption thereof as a Standard Observational Gait Assessment Tool at the University Teaching Hospital. The essential factors to the use of assessment tools were lack of guidelines and lack of knowledge on use of OGA. Also a lack of organizational support, lack of formal knowledge and no availability of assessment tools. To overcome these barriers, it is necessary to provide training of standardized assessment, and to recommend appropriate guidelines.
Internal Control Deficiencies and Conservative and Opportunist Accounting Choices

Objective: To analyze the influence of internal control deficiencies on conservative and opportunistic accounting choices. Method: Objective description, documentary procedures and quantitative approach to the problem. The sample consisted of 63 to 77 companies with unbalanced data for each year from 2010 to 2015, which had an audit committee, as well as other information necessary for this analysis. The main analysis was carried out based on panel data regression using STATA software. Originality/relevance: It presents as relevant in the current study the measurement and analysis of internal control deficiencies, since little has been discussed in national surveys, mainly due to the difficulty of measurement. Results: The results showed that the company’s internal environment when it presented deficiencies did not impact on differentiated conservative accounting choices, but significantly influenced in the increase of the level of management to reduce the result. In addition, it was found that the control variables size of the company and profitability of the asset influenced in the reduction of the level of management in order to increase the result, which evidences the company's choice to reduce political costs. Theoretical and methodological contributions: As a contribution of the study, it is clear that in a weak internal control environment, even if the company has an audit committee, there may be an increase in the level of management earnings, which impairs the quality of accounting information.
Do mergers and acquisitions increase default risk? Evidence from the European market

Aim: In this study, we examine the changes in default risk of the bidder over the course of a merger or acquisition. The data set consists of 531 deals in which the acquirers are European firms. We employ a general set of determinants to analyse the change in default risk and extend the literature by providing new empirical evidence for the European capital market. Research design: Abnormal returns are analysed to provide preliminary insights into the merger induced valuation effects. All hypothesized relationships on the changes in default risk are tested via a regression analysis. We differentiate these results further by analysing which factors determine the increase in default risk. Findings: Previous research on this issue reported mixed results. The main finding of our empirical analysis is that, on average, mergers and acquisitions of European bidders significantly increase default risk during the post-merger period. Originality: This study adds to the mergers and acquisitions literature for European bidders and targets. The empirical findings suggest that some observed relationships and determinants are different in Europe than in the United States. Implications: This research introduces a default risk model that could be applied to predict bidder performance subsequent to a merger or acquisition by analysing possible changes in default risk of the bidder. It also provides some possible explanations for the average increase in default risk. This study may help practitioners to better assess the potential risks when acquiring other firms. Key words: mergers & acquisitions, abnormal returns, default risk, Europe JEL Codes: G32, G34
Analysis of students’ difficulties in mathematical literacy

This research investigates the students’ mathematical literacy competence and difficulties in answering the mathematic literacy questions. This study is considered as a survey research. 53 students are participating in this research. The data are collected through the instrument of mathematical literacy competence test. A quantitative analysis is employed to examine the students’ mathematical literacy competence levels. Meanwhile, the qualitative analysis is conducted to figure out the students’ errors in completing the mathematic literacy test. Mathematic literacy is greatly important for students to acquire. Mathematical literacy is an ability to completely master the mathematic concepts and apply them in our daily life. Mathematical literacy competence deals with the ability to formulate, apply, and interprate mathematics in various contexts. The students’ mathematical literacy is considered still poor. The students’ difficulties are identified through the students’ errors in answering the mathematical literacy questions. The students’ errors in answering the mathematical literacy questions respectively from the highest frequency are: errors in understanding, transformation, processes, encoding, and reading. Students’ errors may be utilized as one consideration for the teachers’ anticipation steps to overcome the students’ mathematical literacy difficulties.
Protective Effect of Anacardium occidentale on the Liver Enzymes of Paracetamol Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats

This study investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale on paracetamol induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty (20) Wistar rats were randomly divided into four (4) groups of five (5) rats each. The groups were designated as follows; A, B, C and D. Group A served as the normal control and received 2ml/kg of distilled water, group B served as the paracetamol treated control and received 1000 mg/kg body weight of paracetamol only, group C received 1000 mg/kg of paracetamol then treated with 250 mg/kg bw of A. occidentale extract, group D received 1000 mg/kg bw of paracetamol then treated with 500 mg/kg of A. occidentale extract daily for 4 weeks respectively. After the last day of administration, the rats were anaesthetized by cervical dislocation and their blood samples collected for analysis. The result revealed significant decrease (P=.05) in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the groups treated with A. occidentale Original Research Article Nweke et al.; IJR2H, 2(1): 1-6, 2019; Article no.IJR2H. 46466 2 compared to the paracetamol treated groups. It can be deduced that A. occidentale has the potential of protecting the liver against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.and thus, should be recommended in the management of liver disorders.
Encapsulated Ni@La2O3/SiO2 Catalyst with a One-Pot Method for the Dry Reforming of Methane

Ni nanoparticles encapsulated within La2O3 porous system (Ni@La2O3), the latter supported on SiO2 (Ni@La2O3)/SiO2), effectively inhibit carbon deposition for the dry reforming of methane. In this study, Ni@La2O3/SiO2 catalyst was prepared using a one-pot colloidal solution combustion method. Catalyst characterization demonstrates that the amorphous La2O3 layer was coated on SiO2, and small Ni nanoparticles were encapsulated within the layer of amorphous La2O3. During 50 h of dry reforming of methane at 700 °C and using a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 120,000 mL gcat−1 h−1, the CH4 conversion obtained was maintained at 80%, which is near the equilibrium value, while that of impregnated Ni–La2O3/SiO2 catalyst decreased from 63% to 49%. The Ni@La2O3/SiO2 catalyst exhibited very good resistance to carbon deposition, and only 1.6 wt% carbon was formed on the Ni@La2O3/SiO2 catalyst after 50 h of reaction, far lower than that of 11.5 wt% deposited on the Ni–La2O3/SiO2 catalyst. This was mainly attributed to the encapsulated Ni nanoparticles in the amorphous La2O3 layer. In addition, after reaction at 700 °C for 80 h with a high WHSV of 600,000 mL gcat−1 h−1, the Ni@La2O3/SiO2 catalyst exhibited high CH4 conversion rate, ca. 10.10 mmol gNi−1 s−1. These findings outline a simple synthesis method to prepare supported encapsulated Ni within a metal oxide porous structure catalyst for the dry reforming of methane reaction.
The Ethanolic Extracts of the Root, Stem and Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca against Selected Microbes

Balanites aegyptiaca has been used in many traditional treatments of microbial infections. This work was carried out with the aim of determining the phytochemical compounds present in the ethanolic extracts of the root, stem and leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca and their effects against selected microorganisms. Phytochemical screening was undertaken to determine presence of secondary metabolites in the stem-bark, roots and leaves of the test plant. Well diffusion method was used to determine sensitivity of test organisms to the test plant. Result indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and anthraquinones, although anthraquinones were absent in ethanolic extracts of root and stem bark of Balanites aegyptiaca but present in the ethanolic extract of the leaf. Antibacterial effects were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results obtained from the ethanolic extract of the root stem and leaves showed significant zones of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus at all concentrations of 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml and 6.125 mg/ml. The positive control performed better than the extracts in terms of zone of inhibition. The results of the minimum Original Research Article Kulawe et al.; AJB2T, 5(4): 1-7, 2019; Article no.AJB2T. 52124 2 inhibitory concentration (MIC) indicated that the leaf ethanolic extract had the greatest activity against K. pneumoniae with MIC value of 12.5 mg/ml, while the results from the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed that the leaf ethanolic extract had the greatest activity against K. pneumoniae with an MBC value of 12.5 mg/ml.
Gestational Exposure to Synthetic Steroid Hormones Impaired Sperm Quantity and Quality in Wistar Rats

This study was designed to investigate the effect of prenatal exposure to synthetic sex steroid on sperm quantity and quality, relative testicular and epididymal weights, and reproductive hormones level in adult Wistar rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a test group (n = 20) that included mature rats that were born to dams exposed to gestational treatment with hydroxyprogesterone and a control group (n = 20) that included mature rats born to untreated dams. Compared to the control group, the test group showed a significant reduction in the sperm count, viability and motility, relative testicular and epididymal weights together with increased abnormal spermatozoa (p < 0.001). The reproductive hormonal assay revealed significantly lower serum testosterone and higher levels of FSH and LH among the test groups compared to the control (p < 0.05 for all). Prenatal exposure to synthetic progesterone negatively affected sperm production and function, relative testicular and epididymal weights, and reproductive hormone levels.