Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility pattern of aerobic bacteria isolated from septicemic cattle in Adama, Ethiopia

From November, 2011 to March, 2012 a total of 586 cattle were examined for febrile conditions. From these animals, 62 (10.6) animals were found to be febrile. So the study was conducted on these animals with the objective of identifying and carrying out antibacterial susceptibility testing on the isolates. From the total of 62 blood cultures processed, only 37 cultures gave bacteria while the remaining 25 cultures were discarded because of absence of visible bacterial growth. From the total isolates, Staphylococcus aureus were predominant by accounting 11 (29.7%) of the total isolate followed by other Staphylococcus species and Pasteurella multocida which constitutes 21.6 and 18.9% of the total population, respectively. On the other hand Salmonella and Streptococcus species were also isolated in considerable amount being encountered in 16.2 and 13.6% of the total organisms, respectively. Furthermore, antibacterial sensitivity test was performed on the isolates by the discs amoxicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin penicillin-G, chloramphenicol, oxy tetracycline polymixine B, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin. From these drugs chloramphenicol was the most effective drug being active on most of the isolates. This drug was effective on 97.3% of the total isolates followed by ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and ampicillin were effective on 89.2, 83.8 and 81.1% of the isolates, respectively. Key words: Adama, cattle, septicaemia, febrile, Staphylococcus susceptibility test.
Wilderness in the 21st Century: A Framework for Testing Assumptions about Ecological Intervention in Wilderness Using a Case Study of Fire Ecology in the Rocky Mountains

Changes in the climate and in key ecological processes are prompting increased debate about ecological restoration and other interventions in wilderness. The prospect of intervention in wilderness raises legal, scientific, and values-based questions about the appropriateness of possible actions. In this article, we focus on the role of science to elucidate the potential need for intervention. We review the meaning of “untrammeled” from the 1964 Wilderness Act to aid our understanding of the legal context for potential interventions in wilderness. We explore the tension between restraint and active intervention in managing wilderness and introduce a framework for testing ecological assumptions when evaluating restoration proposals. We illustrate use of the framework in the restoration of fire regimes and fuel conditions in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests of the US Rocky Mountains. Even in this relatively well-studied example, we find that the assumptions underlying proposed interventions in wilderness need to be critically evaluated and tested before new, more intensive management paradigms are embraced.
Cybernetic Modeling of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for Ethanol Production from Steam-Exploded Wood with Brettanomyces custersii

The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process consists of concurrent enzymatic saccharification and fermentation. In the present cybernetic model, the saccharification process, which -is based on the modified Michaelis-Menten kinetics and enzyme inhibition kinetics, was combined with the fermentation process, which is based on the Monod equation. The cybernetic modeling approach postulates that cells adapt to utilize the limited resources available to them in an optimal way. The cybernetic modeling was suitable for describing sequential growth on multiple substrates by Brettanomyces custersii, which is a glucose- and cellobiose-fermenting yeast. The proposed model was able to elucidate the SSF process in a systematic manner, and the performance was verified by previously published data.
Effect of Different Feed Combinations on the Growth Performance of Cross-Bred Heifer Calves

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and feed intake of crossbred (Holstein Friesian×Sahiwal) and (Jersey×Sahiwal) heifer calves fed different feed combinations of concentrate mixture using 24 heifer calves with average initial weight of 55.27±2.53a, 57.30±1.82a, 60.26±1.40a and 62.00a kg at 4 months of age. The calves were assigned into treatments having, T1 = Control (Farm ration), T2 = 50% Barley+30% MC+0% AC+8% WB 2% MM, T3 = 50% Maize+30% MC+10% AC+8% WB 2% MM, T4 = 50% Sorghum+30% MC+10% AC+8% WB 2% MM, using randomized complete block design into four blocks of six animals. The total DM and DMI (% of body weight) intake for T3 and T2 diets were higher (p<0.05) than those fed T1 and T4 diets. The overall Average Daily Gain (ADG) was higher (0.55 kg dayG1) in T3 than of T2 and T4, whereas ADG found to be lowest in T1 (0.40 kg dayG1). The body measurements (Heart girth, length and height) were also higher in T3 compared to those fed T1, T2 and T4 diets (p<0.05). It is calculated that 50% Maize+30% MC+10% AC+8% WB 2% MM, enhanced growth parameters, feed utilization and reproductive performance of cross-bred heifer calves in terms of age at puberty was achieved higher.
Predição de fósforo, carbono e nitrogênio em solos de basalto, por meio de espectroscopia NIR

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict P, C, and N forms in soils developed from basalt, using multivariate models and soil samples with different granulometries. Samples from Oxisols and Alfisols from croplands, pasture, and native vegetation areas were collected at the 0.0–0.20 and 0.60–0.80-m soil layers, and analyzed for contents of available P, remaining P, organic C, total C, and total N. Spectra in the region between 1,100 and 2,500 nm were obtained on samples with granulometry smaller than 2.0 and 0.2 mm. Multivariate prediction models were constructed and validated from the results obtained by the reference methods and spectra. Sample screenings through 0.2 mm mesh improved the relationship between wavelengths in NIRS and the contents of organic C, total C, and total N in the soil, which allowed better calibration and prediction models for these attributes. Irrespectively of particle sizes, the models did not show appropriate robustness, accuracy, and precision for extractable P and remaining P.
Isotopic discrimination factors and nitrogen turnover rates in reared Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae ( Thunnus thynnus ): effects of maternal transmission

The use of stable isotope analysis to study animal diets requires estimates of isotopic turnover rates (half time, t50) and discrimination factors (Δ) for an accurate interpretation of trophic patterns. The stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were analysed for eggs and reared larvae of Thunnus thynnus, as well as for the different diets supplied during the experiment. The results showed high values of δ15N in eggs and larvae (n=646) until 4 DAH. After this time lapse, the stable isotope values declined progressively until 12 DAH, when notochord flexion began. The δ13C showed an inverse trend, suggesting that maternal inheritance of the stable isotopes is evident until pre-flexion stages. This study proposes a model for estimating maternal isotopic signatures of bluefin broodstock. After notochord flexion, larvae were fed with aquaculture-bred gilthead seabream, which resulted in a rapid increase of bluefin larvae δ15N values together with a rapid decrease in δ13C values. The estimated nitrogen half-time to reach the steady state from the diet was 2.5±0.3 days and the discrimination factor was 0.4±0.3(‰). These results represent the first data set that has allowed isotopic nitrogen turnover rates and discrimination factors of the larval stages of bluefin tuna to be estimated.
Tetrazolium Staining of Seeds for Interpretation of Viability of Six Indian Tree Species

This paper deals with the standardisation of viability test by tetrazolium staining in respect of six Indian tree species viz., Alibizia lebbeck, Albizia procera, Albizia chinensis, Cassia fistula, Cassia nodosa and Pinus roxburghii . Tetrazolium staining is a dependable and accepted biochemical method for testing the inherent germination capacity of a seed lot. This is especially important in forest seeds which take much longer time to germinate or exhibit varying types of dormancy. When soaked in TTZ solution, seeds receive red colour in various patterns depending upon the occurrence of living tissues in them. Attempt has been made to identify viable and non-viable categories of seeds and to standardize the method for their interpretation.
Radiation Sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes in Phosphate Buffer, Trypticase Soy Broth, and Poultry Feed.

Radiobiological studies were carried out with three strains of Listeria monocytogenes . Resistance characteristics were determined under a variety of conditions. For one strain (CFPDC), the D10 values were 0.18, 0.21, and 0.44 kGy when subjected to gamma irradiation in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), trypticase soy broth containing yeast extract (TSB-YE), and in poultry feed, respectively. For this strain, D10 values in poultry feed determined by using 60Co gamma rays or 10 MeV electrons as radiation sources were almost identical. D values for gamma irradiation of TSB-YE cultures were 0.21, 0.25, and 0.46 kGy for CFPDC, Scott A, and 81-861 strains, respectively.
How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene

Populations of the Malagasy Hipposideros commersoni (family Hipposideridae) are threatened by deforestation and hunting. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis of 148 cytochrome b sequences found this species to be paraphyletic and composed of three well-supported monophyletic clades. Clades B and C form a monophyletic lineage that can be referred to H. commersoni; these two clades are separated by 6% sequence variation. Clade A represents a distinct evolutionary lineage separate (9–11% average sequence divergence) from H. commersoni (clades B and C) and is named herein as a new species, Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. In the phylogeny presented herein, this species is strongly associated with the outgroup taxa Hipposideros gigas and Hipposideros vittatus, both restricted to Africa. External, cranial and dental measurements taken from the same individuals used in the molecular study indicate no clear distinction in morphology amongst these three clades; this includes noseleaf structure and craniodental characteristics. Principal component analyses showed limited separation of the three clades. Comparison to a Quaternary fossil species from north-west Madagascar, Hipposideros besaoka, found little morphological overlap between any of the three clades and this extinct species. Hence, at least three species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene, two extant (H. commersoni s.s. and H. cryptovalorona sp. nov.) and one extinct (H. besaoka). © 2015 The Linnean Society of London
A KEY TO THE NEOTROPICAL GENERA OF EUMENINAE (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE)

A key to the currently recognized genera of neotropical Eumeninae is presented. Distribution and number of neotropical species is given for each genus. A new synonym is Eumenemorphus Gusenleitner, 1995, = Symmorphus Wesmael, 1836. Resumen. - Se presenta una clave para los generos neotropicales actualmente reconocidos de Eumeninae. Se da la distribucion y el numero de especies neotropicales para cada genero. Un nuevo sinonimo es Eumenemorphus Gusenleitner, 1995 = Symmorphus Wesmael, 1836. There has been no key to the genera of Eumeninae in the Neotropical Region published since the revision by Zavattari (1912). Of course, the classification has changed dramati- cally during the intervening years: Zavattari recognized 15 genera (one of which, Gayella, is actually a masarine), while presently 43 taxa are treated as genera, as well as one introduced genus (Delta, established in Jamaica). It is al- most needless to say that this proliferation of genera is merely the sort of extreme splitting that Menke and Stange (1986) termed "irratio- nal," which has been haphazardly pursued dur- ing much of the last century, and which has re- sulted in a worldwide generic classification of Eumeninae that Parker (1966) termed "chaotic. " Interestingly, the author of the last comprehen- sive monograph on neotropical Eumeninae, Zavattari himself, criticized the proliferation of genera espoused earlier by Ashmead and
Expression of calretinin and cytokeratin 19 in radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst, odontogenickerato cyst, and ameloblastoma

Context: Calretinin is a protein associated with cellular differentiation and proliferation and is an inhibitor of apoptosis. Cytokeratin is a protein associated with odontogenic epithelial cell, and ameloblasts being epithelial derivative also express some cytokeratin. This study was done to ascertain if calretinin and cytokeratin could be responsible for the differences between aggressiveness of certain odontogenic cysts and tumors. Aims: To evaluate the expression of calretinin and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) in odontogenic cysts and ameloblastoma. Materials and Methods: Sixty samples of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens [15 radicular cysts, dentigerous, odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), and ameloblastoma] were evaluated for the expression of CK19 and calretinin using immunohistochemistry. Statistical Analysis: Data entry and statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) TM software (version 10.05) were done. Chi-square test was done to compare tissue localization of stain, nature of stain, intensity of stain, and the percentage of cells stained among the study groups. P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Calretinin showed positive expression in all cases of ameloblastoma. Among the samples of OKC, 13% of the cases showed positivity. All the cases of radicular and dentigerous cysts were completely negative for calretinin. CK19 was negative in all cases of radicular cyst and OKC, whereas among the dentigerous cyst two cases showed mild expression and one case showed moderate staining intensity for CK19. Only one case of ameloblastoma showed moderate staining for CK19. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that calretinin can be an immunohistochemical marker for neoplastic ameloblastic epithelium and the difference of expression among the lesions is probably due to their diverse histopathological characteristics and their developmental origin. CK19 a marker of simple epithelia and its absence could probably be due to absence of CK19 epitope, superimposition of other cytokeratins, or masking of the epitopes.
Iron binding properties of whey protein, casein, soya protein and egg albumen : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Food Technology at Massey University

Iron binding properties of whey protein, casein, soya protein and egg albumen were investigated in aqueous dispersions using centrifugation and ultrafiltration techniques. Protein-iron mixtures were centrifuged at 10,800 g for 20 min and iron that co-sedimented with protein was considered to be bound to the insoluble protein fraction. The supernatants were ultrafiltered to obtain iron bound to the soluble protein fraction. Both the soluble and insoluble fractions of each protein were shown to bind substantial quantities of iron from ferrous sulphate. The amount of iron bound/g to the insoluble fraction of the protein was highest for casein (87 mg) followed by albumen (80 mg), soya protein (66 mg) aild whey protein (63 mg). A similar trend was observed for the soluble fraction; casein bound 7 4 mg iron/g protein followed by albumen (68 mg), soya protein (54 mg) and whey protein (12 mg). This binding was markedly influenced by pH of the proteiniron mixtures in the range 2 7. The binding data was analyzed using the Scatchard equation to obtain binding constants (k) and the number of binding sites (n). The n values obtained were 2 (whey protein), 13 (casein), 200 (soya protein) and 42 (albumen). The values obtained for the binding constants were 11 (whey protein), 5 (casein), 3 (soya protein) and 1 (albumen). Thus soys protein had the highest number of binding sites and whey protein had the greatest affinity for iron. Solubility of each protein was dependent on pH and it generally decreased with increase in iron concentration. The effects of chelating agents (citric acid and ascorbic acid) on the iron binding properties of the four proteins were also examined. Addition of citric n acid and ascorbic acid increased the solubilities of both protein and iron. The solubilizing effect of these two acids was dependent on the protein source, pH and acid concentration. Iron binding by both the insoluble and soluble fractions decreased in the presence of citric acid and ascorbic acid, with no significant differences between the effects of the two acids. The effects of proteins and protein digestion products on in vitro iron availability were studied. Ferrous iron complexes with protein were prepared and subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion followed by measurement of soluble iron. The in vitro availability of iron was in the order of 26% (soya protein), 16% (casein), 14% (albumen) and 10% (whey protein). When citric acid and ascorbic acid were added prior to enzymatic digestion the availability of iron increased to 63% (soya protein), 36% (albumen), 31% (casein) and 22% (whey protein). ··:· _. -
Chromosome counts of some species of the genus Galium (Rubiaceae) from Iran

Data on the chromosome counts of ten taxa of the genus Galium are reported from northeastern Iran. Two basic chromosome numbers, i.e. x = 10 and x = 11, as well as three ploidy levels, i.e. 2x, 4x and 6x are reported. Both diploid and polyploidy levels are observed. Aneuploidy was only observed in G. aparine. The chromosome numbers of the following taxa are counted for the first time: G. diploprion, G. humifusum, G. nigricans with 2n = 22 and G. spurium subsp. ibicinum with 2n = 20. The new data are compared with previous karyological information, and are discussed. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crop management and variety have influence on alkylresolcinol content in triticale grain

ABSTRACT Alkylresorcinols (ARs) from cereal kernels belong to the bioactive components, which are said to have health-enhancing properties. The genetic and agronomic factors have an impact on the growth, quantity and quality of cereal grain yields, so they can also affect the content of ARs in triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack). The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of production technology on AR content in the grains of four winter triticale varieties cultivated under different cultivation systems. The research was conducted in the years of 2010–2014 at the Experimental Station in Osiny (51°27′N; 22°2′E), Poland. The experiment was located on a lessive soil (Luvisol), on plots sized 45 m2 in four replications. The first factor was cultivation system (tillage and no-tillage) and the second factor was type of production technology (integrated and intensive), which was diversified in terms the doses of mineral fertilizers and the intensity of plant chemical protection. The study indicated that the content of ARs in winter triticale grains is mostly determined genetically but it also depends on weather conditions and production technology. This content is the least dependent on soil cultivation system. The highest AR content was recorded for Fredro variety, while the lowest for Pizarro, 444 and 277 mg kg−1, respectively. Using intensive production technologies favored the accumulation of ARs, especially under abundant rainfall during the tillering, at the beginning of shooting and earring, as well as under limited rainfall during plant ripening. The production of pro-health food of a high content of ARs would benefit the most from using Fredro variety of winter triticale, cultivated in tillage system under intensive production technology.
Varianza entre y dentro e índice de repetitividad de características cuantitativas de fruto de guayaba

Se estimo la varianza entre y dentro, un indice de repetitividad (IR) y las correlaciones fenotipicas de diez caracteristicas cuantitativas de fruto (peso, diametro polar y ecuatorial, relacion DP/DE, grosor de casco, numero y peso de semillas, peso por semilla, diametro de la cavidad de caliz y solidos solubles totales) en 14 genotipos de guayaba del Banco de Germoplasma del INIFAP, establecido en el Sitio Experimental “Los Canones” en Huanusco, Zacatecas. Las caracteristicas del fruto fueron registradas en cinco frutos de cada genotipo en los ciclos de produccion 2010 y 2012. La varianza entre los genotipos mostro los mayores valores en ambos anos, lo que se reflejo en el indice de repetitividad, el cual fluctuo entre 0.85y 0.98. Lo anterior indica la gran variabilidad de los genotipos, atribuido a los diferentes origenes y al efecto ambiental (temperatura y precipitacion) en cada ciclo. El coeficiente de correlacion (r) entre el peso del fruto y los diametros polar y ecuatorial, grosor de casco y diametro de la cavidad de caliz tuvo valores de 0.74 a 0.96 (p≤ 0.01), mientras que los SST tuvieron los valores mas bajos de correlacion con las otras variables. Los resultados muestran la disponibilidad de germoplasma que puede ser utilizado en programas de mejoramiento genetico considerando la amplia variabilidad de las caracteristicas evaluadas, asi como utilizar el peso de fruto como un criterio de seleccion para frutos de mayor diametro y grosor de casco.
Sex and site-specific trends in veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) tributyltin bioaccumulation: considerations for biomonitoring

The imposition of male sexual characteristics onto the female (imposex) is present in wild populations of the non-native veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) in Chesapeake Bay, USA but does not appear to compromise reproductive function. Cultured whelks were used to test two hypotheses: (1) Observed imposex metrics will be similar to tributyltin (TBT) water concentrations at each of three sites; (2) Male and imposex/female whelks from the same site will have similar TBT body burdens. Cultured 2-year-old whelks were transplanted to three field sites in the York River, USA at the onset of their second reproductive season. Transplant site mean TBT water concentrations ranged from 1.4 ± 0.77 to 64.2 ± 57.8 ng l−1. Imposex incidence was 100% after 28 weeks with an observed M:F:IF ratio of 81:0:92 across all sites. Imposex stages (median vas deferens scale index = 4) and reproductive output were similar across sites. The imposex severity (IS = penis length/shell length) increased with increasing TBT concentrations. The relative penis length (RPLI) and relative penis size (RPSI) indices were positively related to site-specific TBT levels. Male whelks accumulated significantly higher TBT concentrations than female whelks at the site with the highest TBT concentration. Mean TBT concentrations in whelk egg capsules were significantly higher than concentrations in male or female whelk tissue. Egg capsule deposition provides a depuration mechanism for female whelks to reduce body burden of lipophilic TBT. Sex, season and reproductive status should be considered when using gastropod bioaccumulation to monitor TBT effects.