Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3D Three-fluid Modeling of lon Separation Phenomenon in Vacuum Arc lon Sources

The separation phenomenon of different species has been widely observed in experiments in vacuum arc ion source. In order to study the physical mechanism of the ion separation, our group establishes a 3D three-fluid model based on MHD. In the model, different kinds of species are considered as different fluids. The physical characteristics of different ions and atoms of the same species are considered to be the same, which is consistent with the experimental conclusion. In addition, the ionization and recombination processes between ions and atom are also considered. The simulation results show that the species with lighter mass and larger charge-mass ratio have faster speed, higher temperature and more uniform distribution of parameters. Moreover, the physical characteristics of each species are more different in places with low species number density. The model can provide theoretical guidance for studying the complex physical characteristics of vacuum arc plasma.
The agency of computer vision models as optical instruments

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Equivalent Years of Schooling: A Metric to Communicate Learning Gains in Concrete Terms

In the past decade, hundreds of impact evaluation studies have measured the learning outcomes of education interventions in developing countries. The impact magnitudes are often reported in terms of "standard deviations," making them difficult to communicate to policy makers beyond education specialists. This paper proposes two approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of learning interventions, one in "equivalent years of schooling" and another in the net present value of potential increased lifetime earnings. The results show that in a sample of low- and middle-income countries, one standard deviation gain in literacy skill is associated with between 4.7 and 6.8 additional years of schooling, depending on the estimation method. In other words, over the course of a business-as-usual school year, students learn between 0.15 and 0.21 standard deviation of literacy ability. Using that metric to translate the impact of interventions, a median structured pedagogy intervention increases learning by the equivalent of between 0.6 and 0.9 year of business-as-usual schooling. The results further show that even modest gains in standard deviations of learning -- if sustained over time -- may have sizeable impacts on individual earnings and poverty reduction, and that conversion into a non-education metric should help policy makers and non-specialists better understand the potential benefits of increased learning.
BEYOND COMPARISON: HISTOIRE CROISÉE AND THE CHALLENGE OF REFLEXIVITY

This article presents, in a programmatic way, the histoire croisee approach, its methodological implications and its empirical developments. Histoire croisee draws on the debates about comparative history, transfer studies, and connected or shared history that have been carried out in the social sciences in recent years. It invites us to reconsider the interactions between different societies or cultures, erudite disciplines or traditions (more generally, between social and cultural productions). Histoire croisee focuses on empirical intercrossings consubstantial with the object of study, as well as on the operations by which researchers themselves cross scales, categories, and viewpoints. The article first shows how this approach differs from purely comparative or transfer studies. It then develops the principles of pragmatic and reflexive induction as a major methodological principle of histoire croisee. While underlining the need and the methods of a historicization of both the objects and categories of analysis, it calls for a reconsideration of the way history can combine empirical and reflexive concerns into a dynamic and flexible approach.
Retinal ganglion cells : mechanisms underlying depolarization block and differential responses to high frequency electrical stimulation of ON and OFF cells

To improve the quality of prosthetic vision, it is desirable to understand how targeted retinal neurons respond to stimulation. Unfortunately, the factors that shape the response of a single neuron to stimulation are not well understood. A dense band of voltage-gated sodium channels within the proximal axon of retinal ganglion cells is the site most sensitive to electric stimulation, suggesting that band properties are likely to influence the response to stimulation. Here, we examined how three band properties influence sensitivity using a morphologically realistic ganglion cell model in NEURON. Longer bands were more sensitive to short-duration pulses than shorter bands and increasing the distance between band and soma also increased sensitivity. Simulations using the known limits of band length and location resulted in a sensitivity difference of approximately 2. Additional simulations tested how changes to sodium channel conductance within the band influenced threshold and found that the sensitivity difference increased to a factor of nearly 3. This is close to the factor of 5 difference measured in physiological studies suggesting that band properties contribute significantly to the sensitivity differences found between different types of retinal neurons. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Overview of Test Methods for Electric Strength of Vacuum Interrupter using Lightning Impulse Voltage

This paper outlines different test methods for investigating electrical strength with lightning impulse voltage. The test methods are compared and contrasts for application to vacuum interrupters. In addition to the procedures for determining the withstand voltage according to standards, the up-and-down method for determining statistical withstand voltage and 50 % breakdown voltage as well as the step-up method are described. For determination of breakdown probability distributions, a classic method and the new always breakdown method are explained. The minimization of the influence of the conditioning effect on the results of the different methods is discussed. Characteristic parameters for the test methods used to generate the breakdown probability distribution are indicated. Thus, the basics of an evaluation procedure for test methods for electric strength using lightning impulse voltage are presented.
Deep Learning Models for MIR-4 Draco Token Exchange Value Forecasting

MIR4, is a play to earn game that uses Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) and cryptocurrency- or in MIR4, Draco Tokens- as a reward. Draco is obtained through mining an in-game resource called Darksteel and is then traded to Wemix Wallet, where real-world money is obtained. Cryptocurrencies are volatile, which gives MIR4 players and traders a decision dilemma of when is the preferable time to buy, sell, or trade Draco Tokens. In this study we present deep learning models, specifically the Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network, and Neural Prophet (NP) time series machine learning models to forecast future Draco-token exchange value. Historical data of Draco-token value from Yahoo Finance is utilized as a univariate parameter for the analysis, model development, and the forecasting of the future Draco-token exchange values. Performance of formulated models are assessed and compared based on the following regression metrics: RMSE, MSE, MAE and MAPE. Experimental results indicated that the LSTM Neural Network yielded better forecast estimates with lower error than the Neural Prophet. Findings of the study showed that LSTM can be utilized as a tool for forecasting future Draco token exchange values. future research direction suggests improving prediction accuracy by incorporating other parameters such as MIR-4 players sentiments, newly added players, and google search interest over time.
Hazards to wildlife associated with 1080 baitingfor California ground squirrels

KEITH, L. B. 1961. A study of waterfowl ecology on small impoundments in southeastern Alberta. Wildl. Monogr. 6. 87pp. LYNCH, G. M. 1972. Effect of strychnine control of nest predators on dabbling ducks. J. Wildl. Manage. 36:436-440. ORTHMEYER, D. , J. HARBER, AND D. TIMPE. 1983. Duck recruitment studies in North Dakota, 1983. N.D. Outdoors 46:21-25. REARDON, J. D. 1951. Identification of waterfowl nest predators. J. Wildl. Manage. 15:386-395. SARGEANT, A. B. 1972. Red fox spatial characteristics in relation to waterfowl predation. J. Wildl. Manage. 36:225-236. , S. H. ALLEN, AND R. T. EBERHARDT. 1984. Red fox predation on breeding ducks in midcontinent North America. Wildl. Monogr. 89. 41pp. , AND P. M. ARNOLD. 1984. Predator management for ducks on waterfowl production areas in the northern plains. Proc. Vertebr. Pest Conf. 11: 161-167. R. J. GREENWOOD, J. L. PIEHL, AND W. B. BICKNELL. 1982. Recurrence, mortality, and dispersal of prairie striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, and implications to rabies epizootiology. Can. Field-Nat. 96:312-316. W. K. PFEIFER, AND S. H. ALLEN. 1975. A spring aerial census of red foxes in North Dakota. J. Wildl. Manage. 39:30-39. SOWLS, L. K. 1948. The Franklin's ground squirrel, Citellus franklinii (Sabine), and its relationship to nesting ducks. J. Mammal. 29:113-137. STEWART, R. E. , AND H. A. KANTRUD. 1971. Classification of natural ponds and lakes in the glaciated prairie region. U.S. Fish. and Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 92. 57pp. WELLER, M. W. 1956. A simple field candler for waterfowl eggs. J. Wildl. Manage. 20:111-113.
Adversarial Multi-Task Learning for Mandarin Prosodic Boundary Prediction With Multi-Modal Embeddings

Prosodic boundaries are still crucial to the naturalness of end-to-end speech synthesis systems. This article proposes to use adversarial multi-task learning to predict prosodic boundaries. Adversarial multi-task learning is utilized to transfer knowledge from an auxiliary POS tagging task to a prosodic boundary prediction task. Furthermore, multi-modal embeddings are composed of contextual word and speech embedding features obtained from the pre-trained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model and Speech2Vec. We can utilize linguistic and acoustic information from large amounts of external text and speech data without prosodic boundary labels. At the inference stage, the prosodic boundary predicting model can use the syntactic features learnt from the POS tagging task without any extra computation cost due to only employing the prosodic boundary predicting task to decode. We conducted experiments on Mandarin datasets. The results show that the models using multi-modal embeddings from the pre-trained BERT and Speech2Vec outperform the models trained with single modal embedding. Furthermore, the models trained with adversarial training obtain further performance gains by up to 2.95% in $F_{1}$ score.
Working animals in agriculture and transport. A collection of some current research and development observations.

This book coven many of the recent research obervations on the management and use of working animals in tropical agricultural systems. Studies of oxen, donkeys and camels in sub-Saharan Africa, cows and donkeys in Ethiopia, buffaloes in Vietnam, camels in Libya and horses and donkeys in Southern Italy are some of the topics included. Technical issues in nutritional requirments, feeding, management, health, implement, work practices and harnessing are discussed and the contribution that working animals continue to make in many agricultural and transport activities are quantified. The book is a valuable source of reference materials on draught animal technology. It is a must for any scientist, student or extension worker in rural and urban areas where animal power is found.
Online Inertia Estimation of Power Systems Based on Transient Phasor Data with Weighted Least Squares Method

Due to the continuous progress of carbon neutrality, power generation based on synchronous generators with physical inertia will be gradually withdrawn from the grid, which leads to low inertia of the power system. In order to grasp and cope with this risk, an accurate estimation of power system inertia is needed. In this paper, we propose an estimation method based on transient data, which is built on our previous research and establishes a simple optimization problem that is based on the definition of the swing equation. Different from the previous studies, the weighted least squares method is utilized to solve the problem instead of the traditional least squares method. Also, several different weight determination methods are tested, including one that has been determined to be valid in a different inertia estimation method. Simulations of three representative scenarios are performed in the IEEE New England 10 Machine Test System. The results demonstrate the progressiveness of the proposed method and identify the optimal weight calculation method.
Integration of Remote Attestation into IEC 61850

The continuing integration of decentralized energy generators requires a more flexible power grid, which necessitates the use of stronger automation and more communication technologies between the control systems. This is accompanied by an increase in the attack surface of the power grid, such as attacks on firmware of intelligent electronic devices. This publication aims to secure intelligent electronic devices by monitoring their firmware. To achieve this aim, Trusted Computing technology such as remote attestation are integrated into the power grid domain specific communication standards to improve security in the current power grid architecture. The outcome is an appropriate conceptual information model for the IEC 61850 standard in order to be qualified to transfer remote attestation information and exchange them with the control centre. Such a solution is perfectly designed for automatic remote monitoring.
Radio frequency interference mitigation in radio astronomy

The next generation of radio telescopes is expected to be one to two orders of magnitude more sensitive than the current generation. Examples of such new telescopes are the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR), currently under construction in the Netherlands, and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), currently in a concept study phase. Another trend is that technological advances in the fields of electronics and communications systems have led to a vast increase in radio communication applications and systems, and also to an increasing demand for radio spectrum. These two trends, more sensitive telescopes and a much denser spectrum use, imply that radio astronomy will become more vulnerable to interference from radio transmitters. Although protection criteria exist for radio astronomy, it becomes increasingly difficult to keep the radio astronomy frequency bands free from interference. In order to mitigate interference in radio astronomical data, filtering techniques can be used. In this thesis, modern array signal processing techniques have been applied to narrow-band multichannel interference detection and excision, and to narrow-band spatial interference filtering. By investigating the subspace structure of the telescope array output covariance matrices, new results were found, such as upper limits on interference residuals after excision and spatial filtering. The effect of bandwidth, extendedness of the interfering sources, and multipath effects on the detection and spatial filter effectiveness were studied as well. The advantage of a multichannel approach over a single telescope approach was demonstrated by using experimental data from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). As the performance of mitigation algorithms can be improved by calibration of the telescope gains and noise powers, calibration algorithms were developed. These algorithms were verified both for single and dual polarised arrays. Finally, a LOFAR interference mitigation strategy was developed.
The Early Mediterranean Village: Agency, Material Culture, and Social Change in Neolithic Italy

1. Theorizing Neolithic Italy 2. Neolithic people 3. The inhabited world 4. Daily 'economy' and social reproduction 5. Material culture and projects of the self 6. Neolithic economy as social reproduction 7. Neolithic Italy as an ethnographic landscape 8. The great simplification: large-scale change at the end of the Neolithic.
Human Trust After Drone Failure: Study of the Effects of Drone Type and Failure Type on Human-Drone Trust

Advances in the navigation and autonomy of drones, along with significant advances in manufacturing microprocessors and sensor systems, caused a growing trend in deploying drones. In the near future, we should expect to see drones collaborating with humans in various applications. When we talk about human-robot collaboration, we should always consider that trust is a major element that should be taken into consideration, especially in high-risk situations. In this study, we perform two experiments using a similar methodology to compare the effects of different drone failures on human trust. We compare the effects of failures with different catastrophic levels on human trust. In our first experiment, we tested the effects of a drone collision with an obstacle on human trust. The experiment results showed that the collisions of cage-protected drones affect human trust less negatively than unprotected drones. In our second experiment, we compared the effects of a drone collision with a wall with drone connection loss on human trust. The experiment results showed that a drone's connection loss affects human trust more negatively than a drone collision when the drone possesses a protective cage. Our results can help guide robot designers in building/programming robots for diverse scenarios by showing what features a human operator values most.
Crime Scene Prediction for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Investigation via Machine Learning

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have increased their applicability in evidence gathering for collecting digital evidence. Authenticating this evidence depends on the crime scenario and the type of drones used. With drones, the evidence type could be the GPS location, the communication signal, the flight log, and the multimedia evidence. These are forms of evidence that forensic experts use to finalize crime cases. Analyzing this evidence requires expensive forensic toolsets. This paper will investigate the level of accuracy and performance verification of machine learning algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) can reach in identifying vehicle information and the details of the people inside the vehicle at the crime scene and starting with the level of identifying the minute details for the investigation. The performance of the machine learning algorithms will analyze the evidence for deepfakes and possible manipulations in the evidence gathered.
Modeling the Energy Storage System for Different Forms of Discharge Current

Usually, the battery condition estimation is done by having information about its capacity. The discharging profile of the battery is the most common way for collecting reliable information for its capacity. The discharging curve shape can be different for same battery depending on the way it is being discharged. This paper describes a look-up table based simulation tool for modeling and determining the State of Charge of a Lithium Ion battery.
Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs) among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital, central India: A prospective study

Background: Blood transfusion having some risks of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) in the recipients especially when blood is collected during window period. In Africa, about 10-15% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission had been related to blood transfusions. Aims: The aim of this study is to present the prevalence of TTIs among the apparently healthy donors, both voluntary as well as replacement donors. Settings and Design: This was a prospective study, carried out in a blood bank attached to a tertiary care hospital, Central India. Materials and Methods: All blood bags collected from these blood donors during the study period were screened for TTIs like hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg; Hepalisa, J. Mitra), anti-HIV antibodies (HIV Ab; HIV 3rd generation kit for detection of antibodies to HIV1 and HIV2, J. Mitra), anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (HCV Ab; MicroELISA 3rd generation, J. Mitra), and Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) reactivity (Carbogen kit, Tulip Diagnostics). Serum were separated from all blood bags and serological test was performed according to the instructions provided by the manufacturers of respective kit. All seroreactive blood bags were considered as positive for TTIs and the blood bags were discarded. Statistical Analysis: A total of 10,582 blood donors were selected for blood donation after clinical history and brief medical examination by medical officer. Blood bags collected from them were screened for TTIs. Among the total blood bags screened, 273 (2.57%) were found positive for transfusion transmissible infectious diseases. Results: Among TTIs, the most common infection was hepatitis B followed by HIV infection in our study. Prevalence of coinfection in our study was very low (0.01%). Voluntary donations have low seroreactivity (2.40%) for TTIs as compared to replacement donations (3.20%). Conclusions: Multiple infections have a very small but definite risk to the recipients, recieving blood and blood products. Hepatitis B was the most common infection in our study. The incidence of coinfection was very low in our study. Prevalence of TTIs was more among replacement donors as compared to the voluntary donors. So, it is possible to improve the safety of blood and blood product by the promotion of voluntary donation, selection of low-risk donors, and use of highly sensitive laboratory screening test.
Dissolved mercury levels and chlorophyll concentrations in the offshore waters of the northeast coast of India

Dissolved mercury and total chlorophyll concentrations from the surface waters between 16Wand 20"30'N (upto 1000 m depth zone) were estimated from the samples collected onboard FORV Sagar Sampada during October, 1988. The dissolved mercury levels showed an average value of 1.04 pg/l, ranging from 0.3 to 2.2 pg/l and the total chlorophyll to 0.423mg/m3 varying from 0.120 to 1.149 mg/m3. Mercury concentrations in the presently reported areas is within the tolerance limit but lie well above the risk concentration levels. The high levels of mercury observed can be attributed to the discharge from the major rivers adjoining the coast.