Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bewick’s Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii in the Netherlands: numbers, distribution and food choice during the wintering season

Numbers, proportion of cygnets, brood size and food choice of a large proportion of the western population of Bewick ’s Swans have been established in the whole Netherlands on a bi-weekly basis throughout the winters 1982-83 and 1983-84. From November to March at least 6,000 were present, including a peak of nearly 9,000 in January (55 % of the flyway-population). Patterns in the proportion of cygnets can be explained by families arriving later in autumn, and cygnets departing later in spring. On arriving in autumn the swans prefer feeding on pondweed tubers in aquatic habitats. Having depleted these they switch to arable land (root crops, winter wheat) and grassland. After January only grassland is utilized. The switch from food types with a high carbohydrate content (pondweed tubers, sugar-beet, potato) to protein-rich food (winter wheat, grasses) is discussed. The sequence in food choice through the winter season is compared with the history of food choice of Bewick ’s Swans in the Netherlands in which major changes have occurred in the last few decades.
Våld i trafiken. Om cyklisters utsatthet för kränkningar, hot och våld i massbilismens tidevarv

When cyclists begin to take up more traffic space than before, conflicts appear. In Sweden, the media has reported on hatred against cyclists when describing the antagonism between (male) cyclists and (male) car drivers, as well as between cyclists and pedestrians, in traffic-dense environments. Despite the current political renaissance of cycling in Sweden, the proportion of personal trips in which the bike is the main mode of transport has remained largely unchanged over the past fifteen years. This has in part been linked to cyclists’ experiences of insecurity in traffic space. Therefore, conflicts between more or less vulnerable road users are becoming increasingly important to investigate in a society where car normativity needs to be challenged in favour of more sustainable travel. The aim of this article is to, based on media material, policy reports, interviews and cyclists’ online discussion-forums, study the situation of cyclists to discuss their situation in a car-normative environment from a gender and violence perspective. What forms of conflicts do cyclists negotiate in their everyday traffic environment? How can this be understood in relation to gender and violence? It is argued that cyclists are being positioned in contradictory ways: as vulnerable and exposed on the one hand, and as particularly dangerous road users in need of disciplining and interventions on the other. Not only do cyclists negotiate their situation by viewing themselves as drivers would, namely as more or less invisible. They are also subjected to what has been called ‘hatred’: discursive and even physical violence directed towards cyclists for taking up too much traffic space from motorists. Examples of (violent) resistance against and negotiation with the self-evident nature of (male) motorists’ entitlement to traffic space are given. In the final part of the paper I suggest that the violence needs to be understood as deeply embedded within larger gendered structural formations of mass motorism and traffic space.
Molecular modeling, synthesis and characterization of FOLR1 specific peptides for tumor targeting activity

: Peptides have low oral bioavailability, low plasma stability, and short circulation time; therefore, they are used in targeted strategies in cancer. In this study, according to in silico analysis, novel small peptide sequences, which are consist of three amino acid residues, with high binding capacity against the human FOLR1 surface molecule were obtained. Modeling studies were carried out to determine peptide sequences. RhB-K*FFF, RhB-K*WFE, and RhB-K*YDY peptides have been synthesized by using the Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) method, purified by Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and characterized by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). The purity of RhB-K*FFF, RhB-K*WFE, and RhB-K*YDY peptide are 96%, 95%, and 92%, respectively. Also, cell viability test was performed for the peptides. In our further study, the peptide with highest binding affinity will be conjugated with chemotherapeutic agent in order to improve its anti-cancer activity.
THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON THE ECONOMIC, SOCIO-CULTURAL, AND ENVIRONMENT IN OSING TOURISM VILLAGE KEMIREN BANYUWANGI

Kemiren Osing Traditional Tourism Village, located in Banyuwangi City, has experienced significant growth in recent years. This development has impacted the local community, spanning economic, socio-cultural, and environmental dimensions. The primary objective of this study was to assess these impacts from the residents' perspective. A survey involving 141 household heads selected through a simple random sampling method was conducted. The data collected were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. It was found that tourism has had a substantial economic impact on the community, primarily by increasing business opportunities (X1.3), with a high loading factor score of 0.822. Furthermore, tourism has influenced the socio-cultural aspect by stimulating demand for arts and culture, as indicated by a loading factor score of 0.799 based on X2.1. Additionally, tourism has contributed to environmental awareness, with the highest loading factor score of 0.885, emphasizing the importance of cleanliness. This research underscores the importance of enhancing the quality of tourism activities to maximize benefits for the local community. It also highlights the need for stringent regulations to prevent conflicts related to economics, socio-culture, and the environment between investors and residents.
Biodeterioration and Chemical Corrosion of Concrete in the Marine Environment: Too Complex for Prediction

Concrete is the most utilized construction material worldwide. In the marine environment, it is subject to chemical degradation through reactions with chloride (the most important ion), and sulfate and magnesium ions in seawater, and to biodeterioration resulting from biological (initially microbiological) activities, principally acid production. These two types of corrosions are reviewed and the failure of attempts to predict the degree of deterioration resulting from each is noted. Chemical (abiotic) corrosion is greatest in the splash zone of coastal constructions, while phenomenological evidence suggests that biodeterioration is greatest in tidal zones. There have been no comparative experiments to determine the rates and types of microbial biofilm formation in these zones. Both chemical and microbiological concrete deteriorations are complex and have not been successfully modeled. The interaction between abiotic corrosion and biofilm formation is considered. EPS can maintain surface hydration, potentially reducing abiotic corrosion. The early marine biofilm contains relatively specific bacterial colonizers, including cyanobacteria and proteobacteria; these change over time, producing a generic concrete biofilm, but the adhesion of microorganisms to concrete in the oceans has been little investigated. The colonization of artificial reefs is briefly discussed. Concrete appears to be a relatively prescriptive substrate, with modifications necessary to increase colonization for the required goal of increasing biological diversity.
"Your information station": A Case study of rural radio in the 21st century

The study examined how the introduction of high-speed internet into a rural community affected audience members’ use of their local radio station. A qualitative case study was guided by uses and gratifications and niche theory. The author conducted interviews with KMMR FM audience members in Malta, Montana, to investigate how the introduction of high-speed internet impacted listener habits. Twenty participants who either listened to or produced content for KMMR FM were interviewed. The author performed a thematic analysis of different uses for the radio guided by typologies created by Rubin (1983), Palmgreen and Rayburn (1979), and Katz, Haas, and Gurevitch (1973). The results showed the internet and the radio gratify different needs for audience members: radio was used the most for local information and the internet for more specialized needs that could not be met by the radio. The findings also showed that the radio is important in fostering a sense of social cohesion within the community.
Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes: In Search of a Personalized Approach to Improving β-Cell Function

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, including diet and physical activity (PA), are fundamental non-pharmacological components of T2DM therapy. Exercise interventions are strongly recommended for people with or at risk of developing or already with overt diabetes, but adherence to PA guidelines in this population is still challenging. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of T2DM patients, driven by differing residual β-cell functionality, as well as the possibility of practicing different types and intensities of PA, has led to the need to develop tailored exercise and training plans. Investigations on blood glucose variation in response to exercise could help to clarify why individuals do not respond in the same way to PA, and to guide the prescription of personalized treatments. The aim of this review is to offer an updated overview of the current evidence on the effects of different regimens and modalities of PA regarding glucose sensing and β-cell secretory dynamics in individuals with prediabetes or T2DM, with a special focus on β-cell function.
The Effect of Rain and Runoff When Assessing Timing of Manure Application and Dissolved Phosphorus Loss in Runoff 1

Vadas, Peter A. , William E. Jokela, Dory H. Franklin, and Dinku M. Endale, 2011. The Effect of Rain and Runoff When Assessing Timing of Manure Application and Dissolved Phosphorus Loss in Runoff. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(4):877‐886. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011. 00561.x
Salt Diapirism: Importance of Temperature, and Energy Source of Emplacement

Heat is critical for the occurrence of salt intrusion. Increased temperature greatly reduces the ultimate strength of salt and eliminates work hardening. When salt is heated above 400°F (205°C), it becomes soft and plastic and flows indefinitely with a pressure gradient of about 33-100 kg/cm2 (460-1,400 psi). It is plastic during the entire process of intrusion, and even during extrusion at the surface. Thus, at the time of extrusion, salt can flow by simple gravity, like a "glacier," as long as it remains hot. When buried at a depth of more than 25,000 ft, sedimentary salt becomes mobile because of the high temperature and behaves hydrodynamically; it moves laterally to places of lower overburden pressure, where doming or piercement occurs. Once flow is initiated, it will continue until the supply of salt is depleted or cut off, either by the coming together of the overlying and underlying strata or because additional supplies of salt have not been heated to the temperature necessary to maintain plasticity. The energy impelling the lateral or radial flow to the place of piercement can be attributed only to an imbalance in geostatic load of the overburden, but after piercement occurs, the geostatic load differential and the ever-increasing effect of buoyancy cause the salt to rise rapidly th ough the overlying strata. Buoyancy becomes an effective force only when the height of the intrusion has increased greatly. Buoyancy is not a requirement for intrusion, but it has a modifying effect. The emplacement of igneous masses such as volcanic plugs, granite batholiths, diamond pipes, carbonatites, and serpentine bodies (Gussow, 1962), and of such intrusive masses as mud volcanoes, shale diapirs, ice piercements or pingos (Gussow, 1954), and frost boils (Gussow, 1962), is similar to that of salt piercements. In all cases the prime motivating force for intrusion is the weight differential of the overburden, or geostatic load (Gussow, 1962). The writer postulates that salt-dome intrusion is a thermally activated process and that the rate of intrusion is rather rapid--probably catastrophic on a geologic time scale. The movement which has been interpreted as salt-dome growth is actually a measure of rate of compaction of the adjacent sediments. The fundamental mechanics outlined for salt diapirism are applicable to igneous intrusion generally, and to other forms of diapirism.
Disturbance Observer-Based PID Control System Using DNA Strand Displacement and Its Application in Exponential Gate

Synthetic control circuits have demonstrated their effectiveness in molecular process control. However, current synthetic control circuits counteract the impact of disturbances by error signals. A disturbance suppression strategy that combines a disturbance observer with a controller to achieve better disturbance suppression is presented in this paper. A disturbance observer-based PID control system (DOB-PID) is implemented for the first time using chemical reaction networks (CRNs). The controller parameters are obtained using the flow direction algorithm, which significantly reduces the parameter setting time. The DOB-PID based on CRNs achieves improved disturbance suppression without affecting the setpoint tracking characteristics. To overcome the limitation of the classic disturbance observer relying on the inverse nominal model, a modified disturbance observer-based control system (MDOB) is realized using CRNs. The MDOB-PID eliminates the need for the inverse nominal model in the modeling process. Furthermore, the MDOB-PID control system is combined with a feedforward controller, resulting in a modified disturbance observer-based feedforward control system (FDOB). This system effectively decouples the set value following and disturbance suppression characteristics, simplifying the parameter tuning process. Additionally, a FDOB-PID control system is established using DNA strand displacement. The FDOB-PID control system proposed in this paper exhibits lower overshoot and better disturbance suppression compared to existing control systems. Finally, a FDOB-PID exponential gate control system is developed to suppress leakage response in calculation process. This system ensures accurate calculation results even in the presence of a leaky response in the exponential gate.
Detection and Characterization of Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan

Background:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to global health security. Whilst over the past decade, there has been an increase in reports of nosocomial infections globally caused by carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), data from Africa have been scanty. We performed a study of carbapenem resistance genes among GNB isolated from patients treated in hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at Soba University Hospital (SUH) and Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum for the period October 2016 to February 2017. A total of 206 GNB isolates from different clinical specimens were analyzed for carbapenem resistance genes using phenotypic tests and affirmed by genes detection. Multiplex PCR was performed for each strain to detect the carbapenemase genes, including the blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48. In addition to blaCTXM, blaTEM and blaSHV. DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to detect genes subtypes.Findings:Of 206 isolates, 171 (83%) were confirmed resistant phenotypically and 121 (58.7%) isolates were positive for the presence of one or more carbapenemase gene. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) types were the most predominant genes, blaNDM 107(88.4%). Others included blaIMP 7 (5.7%), blaOXA-48 5(4.1%), blaVIM 2 (1.6%) and blaKPC 0 (0%). Co- resistance genes with NDM producing GNB were detected in 87 (81.3%) of all blaNDM positive isolates. A significant association between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was observed (P- value < 0.001). NDM-1 was the most sub type was observed in 75 isolates (70 %), other subtypes were NDM- 5 and NDM-6. Infections due to Carbapenem resistant GNB are increasing at SUH, with the blaNDM being the prevalent genes among clinical isolates and belong to the Indian lineage.Conclusions:The frequency of carbapenemase producing bacilli was found to be improperly high in Khartoum hospitals. NDM was found to be the most prevalent carbapenemase gene among clinical isolates. Close surveillance across all hospitals in Sudan is required. The relative distribution of Carbapenemase genes among GNB in nosocomial infections in Africa needs to be defined.
Discharge of major global rivers in the late 21st century climate projected with the high horizontal resolution MRI‐AGCMs

This study used an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with a 20‐km grid spacing and a global river routing model with 0.5° grid resolution to project climatological mean river discharges in the late 21st century under a changing climate. We also performed an ensemble simulation with the same AGCM except with a resolution of 60 km and forced with different lower boundary conditions to quantify the level of confidence in the projections. By the late 21st century, projected annual mean river discharges increased in the high latitudes and in India and the southeastern United States but decreased in broad regions of Europe, western Asia, the western United States, Central America, and the southern half of the Amazon River basin. Projected future changes in monthly river discharges include unique seasonal details not present in the annual discharge projections: in the Amazon River, for example, river discharges were projected to increase in the high‐water season but decrease in the low‐water season. These seasonal changes suggest that monthly river discharge projections should be useful for assessing the human impacts and risks in future planning of water resources and flood control. We devised a way to measure the consistency between the various projections made by our 60‐km ensemble simulations and our standard 20‐km high‐resolution model. Wherever the projected changes were consistent, the future changes also tended to be statistically significant in our high‐resolution model. These results encourage a future projection of discharge for a specific river basin in the world. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic targeting of tumor suppressor 
and oncogenic genes

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe malignant liver cancer with a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. This carcinoma is a multistage process that begins with chronic hepatitis and progresses to cirrhosis, dysplastic nodules, and eventually HCC. However, the exact molecular etiology remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that modulate the expression of numerous genes. These molecules have become significant participants in several functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, development
Managing coastal erosion: from long-term coastal evolution to seasonal shoreline changes.

Erosion problems along the southern Brazilian coast are evaluated, taking into account the complex interactions of long- and short-term natural processes and socio-economic factors. Coastal evolution during the Holocene are considered, together with shoreline changes in the shorter term, to measure magnitudes of changes relevant to coastal management (using aerial photographs, DGPS mapping and beach profiles). This study focuses on specific sites to illustrate the importance of integrating processes acting at different spatial and temporal scales to define the best management practice to deal with coastal erosion. One of the case studies is the area of Hermenegildo, a small beach village built on top of the dunes, in a flat, low-lying coastal plain. The settlement is experiencing long-term coastal retreat and often is threatened by erosion during storms. As the local government does not have a policy to regulate construction of coastal defences, the Hermenegildo coastline is protected by a range of amateur schemes initiated by individual property owners. Due to a public action filed in 2005, the local government now is obliged by law to map and deal with illegal occupation in dune areas (which are protected by the Federal Constitution), and to establish a plan of coastal uses and regulations. Based on the available data, potential management approaches are evaluated in terms of long-term sustainability, and economic and technical viability.
Ichnological evidence for quadrupedal locomotion in pterodactyloid pterosaurs: trackways from the Late Jurassic of Crayssac (southwestern France)

Abstract More than 30 well-preserved pterosaurian trackways have been excavated from the site of Crayssac (Lower Tithonian, southwestern France), along with hundreds of isolated imprints. The general pattern of pterosaurian trackways is described and corresponds to the morphology of the ichnogenus Pteraichnus Stokes 1957. A crocodilian origin for Pteraichnus is rejected. The morphology of the pes and manus prints is described and discussed, and exhibits a great dynamic variability. The three manus digit prints are confirmed as the marks of digits I–III, but the high angle of divarication may reflect strong digit abduction as well as a backward folding of the digit III. The manus gait-width is as much as 3 × the pes gait-width. The narrowest manus trackways corresponds to low-velocity walking in a semi-erect stance, whereas the widest manus trackways corresponds to higher velocity walking (perhaps even running), with a subhorizontal body.
Exponentially decreasing tooth growth rate in horse teeth: Implications for isotopic analyses

A range of archaeological and palaeoclimatic studies use isotopic analyses of ungulate hypsodont tooth enamel. Such studies commonly assume a constant growth rate, though this has not been fully tested. Here, we use stable isotope analyses of sequential enamel samples to study horse tooth growth. We fit the data using models corresponding to constant and exponentially decreasing rates of growth, and compare the results to metrical data showing the geometry and timing of apposition. The results indicate enamel apposition and maturation advances at an exponentially decreasing rate. An understanding of this variable growth rate is crucial for interpreting isotopic data from equid teeth.
Teleseismic magnetic effects (TMDs) of 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Anomalous magnetic variations were observed by ground magnetometers in East Asia area after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Some earlier reports showed that the seismo‐magnetic variations have obvious amplitude around the epicenter, we emphasis here that the variations can still be notable at stations 2000–4000 km away from epicenter, and we define it as teleseismic magnetic disturbances (TMDs). TMDs appear about 8 min later after the arrival of seismic Rayleigh waves at teleseismic distances and propagate at a horizontal velocity of 3.9 ± 0.1 km/s. The wave‐like TMDs last for no longer than 10 min and have a main period of 2.1–3.3 min. TMDs are not generated by direct effects of processes in focal area crust or tsunami waves, instead, their properties consist with the Rayleigh wave model of seismo‐ionospheric disturbances. Hence, we conclude that the TMDs are the magnetic manifestation of seismotraveling ionospheric disturbances (STIDs) generated by the interaction between the ionosphere and atmosphere through acoustic waves launched by traveling Rayleigh waves. Our findings contribute to the knowledge of seismo‐electromagnetic effects in the atmosphere‐ionosphere system and further our understanding of couplings between various spheres of the Earth.