Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal turnover in mycorrhizal interactions: a proof of concept with orchids.

Temporal turnover events in biotic interactions involving plants are rarely assessed, although such changes might afford a considerable acclimation potential to the plant. This could enable fairly rapid responses to short-term fluctuations in growth conditions as well as lasting responses to long-term climatic trends. Here, we present a classification of temporal turnover encompassing eleven possible scenarios. Using orchid mycorrhiza as a study model, we show that temporal changes are common, and discuss under which conditions temporal turnover of fungal symbiont is expected. We provide six research questions and identify technical challenges that we deem most important for future studies. Finally, we discuss how the same framework can be applied to other types of biotic interactions.
Mechanical Properties of Thin Films

The mechanical properties of thin films are different from those of bulk materials because of their unique microstructure, large surface-to-volume ratio, reduced dimensions, and the constraints caused by the substrate. Since the substrate is a key factor in the mechanical properties of single and multilayered thin film structures, this paper will limit itself to the mechanical properties of thin films on substrates. The mechanical prop­ erties of free-standing thin films were previously reviewed by Hardwick ( 1 ) . Because of the diversity of the subject and the sheer volume of pub­ lications, a complete review of the area of mechanical properties of thin films is impossible. Focus will be on thin metal and ceramic films with thickness less than I J-lm. Measurement techniques and recent results will be reviewed and areas of future work will be identified. Understanding the processes controlling the mechanical properties of thin film structures is important in a variety of scientific and technological applications. In the last few decade� the �cientific arena has seen the development of dry deposition processes, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), as well as the appearance of improved in situ characterization and analysis techniques: i.e. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS); Auger spectroscopy; low energy elec­ tron diffraction (LEED); and Brillouin scattering that allows relatively easy deposition of unusual microstructures, both crystalline and amorphous, as well as layered structures with controlled and reproducible periods of a few monolayers. Laminated thin film structures have been produced with tailored elastic and plastic properties. Detailed characterization and
Preparation of Tantalum Anodic Oxide Film in Citric Acid Solution - Evidence and Effects of Citrate Anion Incorporation

Tantalum anodic oxide film was prepared in citric acid solution of various concentrations and the prepared Ta anodic oxide film was characterized by various electrochemical techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared Ta anodic oxide film showed typical n-type semiconducting properties and the dielectric properties were strongly dependent on the citric acid concentration. The variation of electrochemical and electronic properties was explained in terms of electrolyte anion incorporation into the anodic oxide film, which was supported by XPS measurements.
The echo chamber effect on social media

Significance We explore the key differences between the main social media platforms and how they are likely to influence information spreading and the formation of echo chambers. To assess the different dynamics, we perform a comparative analysis on more than 100 million pieces of content concerning controversial topics (e.g., gun control, vaccination, abortion) from Gab, Facebook, Reddit, and Twitter. The analysis focuses on two main dimensions: 1) homophily in the interaction networks and 2) bias in the information diffusion toward like-minded peers. Our results show that the aggregation in homophilic clusters of users dominates online dynamics. However, a direct comparison of news consumption on Facebook and Reddit shows higher segregation on Facebook. Social media may limit the exposure to diverse perspectives and favor the formation of groups of like-minded users framing and reinforcing a shared narrative, that is, echo chambers. However, the interaction paradigms among users and feed algorithms greatly vary across social media platforms. This paper explores the key differences between the main social media platforms and how they are likely to influence information spreading and echo chambers’ formation. We perform a comparative analysis of more than 100 million pieces of content concerning several controversial topics (e.g., gun control, vaccination, abortion) from Gab, Facebook, Reddit, and Twitter. We quantify echo chambers over social media by two main ingredients: 1) homophily in the interaction networks and 2) bias in the information diffusion toward like-minded peers. Our results show that the aggregation of users in homophilic clusters dominate online interactions on Facebook and Twitter. We conclude the paper by directly comparing news consumption on Facebook and Reddit, finding higher segregation on Facebook.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seropositivity among Healthcare Personnel in Hospitals and Nursing Homes, Rhode Island, USA, July–August 2020

Healthcare personnel are recognized to be at higher risk for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We conducted a serologic survey in 15 hospitals and 56 nursing homes across Rhode Island, USA, during July 17–August 28, 2020. Overall seropositivity among 9,863 healthcare personnel was 4.6% (95% CI 4.2%–5.0%) but varied 4-fold between hospital personnel (3.1%, 95% CI 2.7%–3.5%) and nursing home personnel (13.1%, 95% CI 11.5%–14.9%). Within nursing homes, prevalence was highest among personnel working in coronavirus disease units (24.1%; 95% CI 20.6%–27.8%). Adjusted analysis showed that in hospitals, nurses and receptionists/medical assistants had a higher likelihood of seropositivity than physicians. In nursing homes, nursing assistants and social workers/case managers had higher likelihoods of seropositivity than occupational/physical/speech therapists. Nursing home personnel in all occupations had elevated seropositivity compared with hospital counterparts. Additional mitigation strategies are needed to protect nursing home personnel from infection, regardless of occupation.
Histiocytic sarcoma arising in a child affected by Burkitt lymphoma, with t(8;14)(q24;q32) positivity in both tumors

Emanuele S.G d’Amore , Chiara Mainardi , Lara Mussolin, Elisa Carraro, Rita Alaggio, Elena Lazzari, Stefano Fusetti, Cristina Ghirotto, Antonio Marzollo, Giada Biddeci , Tiziana Toffolutti, Davide Massano, Giovanni Scarzello, Monica Zuliani, Maria Caterina Putti , Alessandra Biffi , and Marta Pillon Department of Pathology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy; Clinic of Pediatric Haemato-Oncology, Hospital-University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Citt a della Speranza, Padova, Italy; Department of Pathology, Bambino Ges u Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy; Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, ULSS 3 Serenissima Hospital, Venezia, Italy; Department of Medicine, Pediatric Radiology Unit Radiology Institute Hospital-University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Radiotherapy Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Gene Therapy Program, Dana Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Centers, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
A theoretical approach to the Suess effect

From a theoretical study of the production and distribution of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide released since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution calculations have been made of the resultant decreases in atmospheric carbon-14 specific activities (Suess effect). The calculations are based on recent advances in the assessment of parameters which control carbon circulation and a re-evaluation of the combustion rates of fossil fuels. Results show that the reduction in carbon-14 specific activities amounted to -0.5, -3.2 and -5.9 % in A. D. 1890, 1950 and 1969 respectively. Analyses of biospheric materials of known age show good agreement between the predicted and observed atmospheric carbon -14 concentrations although the possibility exists of a perturbation of natural origin. The incorporation of significant amounts of fossil fuel carbon into 1890 wood indicates the possibility of error in radiocarbon analyses based on the conventional modern reference material. The study also enables corrections to be made for the Suess effect to observations of carbon -14 activities of samples grown during the past century. Predictions of future consumption of fossil fuels have permitted evaluation of the approximate magnitude of the future Suess effect. The results imply that the effect will be of increasing importance, reaching about -23% by 2000 and -50 % by 2025. The Suess effect, which is in competition with the nuclear bomb effect, may therefore reduce atmospheric carbon -14 concentration to the natural level again by 1990. Future increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could have significant climatological consequences, but the magnitude of these changes remains speculative.
Digital Footprint of Academic Vascular Surgeons in the Southern United States on Physician Rating Websites: Cross-sectional Evaluation Study

Background The internet has become a popular platform for patients to obtain information and to review the health care providers they interact with. However, little is known about the digital footprint of vascular surgeons and their interactions with patients on social media. Objective This study aims to understand the activity of academic vascular surgeons on physician rating websites. Methods Information on attending vascular surgeons affiliated with vascular residency or with fellowships in the Southern Association for Vascular Surgery (SAVS) was collected from public sources. A listing of websites containing physician ratings was obtained via literature reviews and Google search. Open access websites with either qualitative or quantitative evaluations of vascular surgeons were included. Closed access websites were excluded. Ranking scores from each website were converted to a standard 5-point scale for comparison. Results A total of 6238 quantitative and 967 qualitative reviews were written for 287 physicians (236 males, 82.2%) across 16 websites that met the inclusion criteria out of the 62 websites screened. The surgeons affiliated with the integrated vascular residency and vascular fellowship programs in SAVS had a median of 8 (IQR 7-10) profiles across 16 websites, with only 1 surgeon having no web presence in any of the websites. The median number of quantitative ratings for each physician was 17 (IQR 6-34, range 1-137) and the median number of narrative reviews was 3 (IQR 2-6, range 1-28). Vitals, WebMD, and Healthgrades were the only 3 websites where over a quarter of the physicians were rated, and those rated had more than 5 ratings on average. The median score for the quantitative reviews was 4.4 (IQR 4.0-4.9). Most narrative reviews (758/967, 78.4%) were positive, but 20.2% (195/967) were considered negative; only 1.4% (14/967) were considered equivocal. No statistical difference was found in the number of quantitative reviews or in the overall average score in the physician ratings between physicians with social media profiles and those without social media profiles (departmental social media profile: median 23 vs 15, respectively, P=.22; personal social media profile: median 19 vs 14, respectively, P=.08). Conclusions The representation of vascular surgeons on physician rating websites is varied, with the majority of the vascular surgeons represented only in half of the physician rating websites The number of quantitative and qualitative reviews for academic vascular surgeons is low. No vascular surgeon responded to any of the reviews. The activity of vascular surgeons in this area of social media is low and reflects only a small digital footprint that patients can reach and review.
Growth, Yield, and Economics of Potato in Relation to Progressive Application of Potassium Fertilizer

ABSTRACT Four genotypes of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), namely Kufri Satluj, Kufri Badshah, Kufri Bahar, and Kufri Kuber, were field grown to study the effect of application of four levels of potassium (K) fertilizer (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg (K2O) ha−1) on growth, yield, and economic parameters. A fertilizer dose of 200 kg nitrogen (N) and 100 kg phosphorus (P2O5) ha−1 was applied uniformly in the form of urea and diammonium phosphate, respectively. During the growth period, parameters, viz plant height, shoot biomass, tuber biomass, tuber bulking rate, tuber population, and average tuber weight, were determined at 65 and 90 days after sowing (DAS). Yield parameters, viz aggregate and grade-wise tuber yield (large, medium, and small grade, weighing >75g, 30–75 g, and <30 g, respectively), tuber population, and average tuber weight as well as economic parameters, viz gross return, net return, return per rupee invested, and net production value, were recorded at harvest. All the parameters were significantly affected by increasing K application rates, with potassium application at 225 kg K2O ha−1 resulting in the highest value for the growth parameters. Progressive application of potassium fertilizer up to 225 kg K2O ha−1 significantly increased the yield of aggregate and large-grade tubers. The optimum K dose for the yield of medium-grade tubers was 150 kg K2O ha−1, while that for small-grade tubers was 0 kg K2O ha−1 (no K application) as the former reached a plateau at 225 kg K2O ha−1 and the latter decreased with increasing K application rates. Large-grade tubers offered the highest contribution to the aggregate yield. The growth and yield performance of the genotypes was truly reflected in the gross and net economic returns, with 225 kg K2O ha−1 proving the best K level. However, return per rupee invested and the net production value showed a different trend, with 75 kg K2O ha−1 giving the highest value for Kufri Satluj and Kufri Badshah, and 150kg K2O ha−1 proving the best K level for Kufri Bahar and Kufri Kuber. Genotypic differences and the interaction between genotypes and K levels were significant for most parameters studied.
Foodborne Origin and Local and Global Spread of Staphylococcus saprophyticus Causing Human Urinary Tract Infections

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a primary cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young women. S. saprophyticus colonizes humans and animals but basic features of its molecular epidemiology are undetermined. We conducted a phylogenomic analysis of 321 S. saprophyticus isolates collected from human UTIs worldwide during 1997–2017 and 232 isolates from human UTIs and the pig-processing chain in a confined region during 2016–2017. We found epidemiologic and genomic evidence that the meat-production chain is a major source of S. saprophyticus causing human UTIs; human microbiota is another possible origin. Pathogenic S. saprophyticus belonged to 2 lineages with distinctive genetic features that are globally and locally disseminated. Pangenome-wide approaches identified a strong association between pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance, phages, platelet binding proteins, and an increased recombination rate. Our study provides insight into the origin, transmission, and population structure of pathogenic S. saprophyticus and identifies putative new virulence factors.
The Efficacy of Ozone/BAC Treatment on Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Removal from Drinking Water and Surface Water

Three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—ketoprofen, naproxen and piroxicam—in both deionized (DI) water and surface lake water (SW) (Tallahassee, FL), were exposed to varying ozone treatment regimes or H2O2/O3 advanced oxidation on the laboratory bench. Recently used biofilm-supporting granular activated carbon (BAC) was sampled from a municipal drinking water treatment facility (Tampa, FL, USA), and employed to determine the bio-availability of chemical intermediates formed in ozonated water. Advanced chemical analysis was used to identify oxidation by-products formed and combined with a bioanalytical tool to assess non-specific toxicity (Microtox assay). All 3 target pharmaceuticals were efficiently removed by different processes, with a lower NSAIDs removal yield observed in lake water compared to DI water experiments. The removal yields of ketoprofen, naproxen, and piroxicam improved with increasing ozone dose, H2O2/O3 ratio and empty bed contact time (EBCT) with BAC. Ozonation with BAC filtration had a positive impact by reducing the initial ozone dose required to achieve > 90% removal of all 3 pharmaceuticals (when an initial ozone dose < 1 mg L-1 was combined with EBCT < 15 min). The toxicity evolution of the treated samples was monitored by Microtox bioassay. Ozone doses higher than 2 mg L-1 for 2 min contact time were optimal to reach the lower water samples toxicity with NSAIDs removal yields ranging from 95.5 to 99.0% in DI water and from 77 to 90% in SW. Also, higher ozone doses were not shown to remove the residual toxicity. In contrast, the BAC filtration hardly decreases the sample toxicity when an EBCT of 15 min was chosen despite a NSAIDs removal yield equal or higher than 90% in SW.
Antibody affinity versus dengue morphology influences neutralization

Different strains within a dengue serotype (DENV1-4) can have smooth, or “bumpy” surface morphologies with different antigenic characteristics at average body temperature (37°C). We determined the neutralizing properties of a serotype cross-reactive human monoclonal antibody (HMAb) 1C19 for strains with differing morphologies within the DENV1 and DENV2 serotypes. We mapped the 1C19 epitope to E protein domain II by hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, cryoEM and molecular dynamics simulations, revealing that this epitope is likely partially hidden on the virus surface. We showed the antibody has high affinity for binding to recombinant DENV1 E proteins compared to those of DENV2, consistent with its strong neutralizing activities for all DENV1 strains tested regardless of their morphologies. This finding suggests that the antibody could out-compete E-to-E interaction for binding to its epitope. In contrast, for DENV2, HMAb 1C19 can only neutralize when the epitope becomes exposed on the bumpy-surfaced particle. Although HMAb 1C19 is not a suitable therapeutic candidate, this study with HMAb 1C19 shows the importance of choosing a high-affinity antibody that could neutralize diverse dengue virus morphologies for therapeutic purposes.
CF4 decomposition in a low-pressure ICP: influence of applied power and O2 content

This paper focuses on the investigation of CF4 decomposition in a low-pressure inductively coupled plasma by means of a global model. The influence of O2 on the CF4 decomposition process is studied for conditions used in semiconductor manufacturing processes. The model is applied for different powers and O2 contents ranging between 2% and 98% in the CF4/O2 gas mixture. The model includes the reaction mechanisms in the gas phase coupled with the surface reactions and sticking probabilities of the species at the walls. The calculation results are first compared with experimental results from the literature (for the electron density, temperature and F atom density) at a specific power, in the entire range of CF4/O2 gas mixture ratios, and the obtained agreements indicate the validity of the model. The main products of the gas mixture, obtained from this model, include CO, CO2 and COF2 together with a low fraction of F2. The most effective reactions for the formation and loss of the various species in this process are also determined in detail. Decomposition of CF4 produces mostly CF3 and F radicals. These radicals also contribute to the backward reactions, forming again CF4. This study reveals that the maximum decomposition efficiency of CF4 is achieved at a CF4/O2 ratio equal to 1, at the applied power of 300 W.
Correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation index and semen parameters in 418 men seen at a fertility center

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in 418 men who attended a fertility center. Methods: This retrospective study includes 418 male patients seen at In Vitro Gestar, Chiclayo - Perú between October 2013 and March 2020. DFI was determined between normozoospermic patients (NORMO) and patients with one altered parameter (ALTERED). The patients were classified as oligozoospermic [Severe/Moderate oligozoospermia (OLIGO SM): <5x106 sperm/mL and Mild oligozoospermia (OLIGO M): 5 to <15x106 sperm/mL], asthenozoospermic [Severe asthenozoospermia (ASTHENO S): <10% PM (progressive motility); Moderate asthenozoospermia (ASTHENO MO): 10 to <20% PM; Mild asthenozoospermia (ASTHENO M): 20 to <32% PM)], teratozoospermic (TERATO) and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT). DFI was determined between these groups and NORMO. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 software for Windows. Results: Normozoospermic patients presented lower significant levels of DFI compared with all groups. NORMO (15.64±7.65) vs [ALTERED (18.41±9.43, p=0.003); OLIGO SM (26.38±12.94, p<0.005); ASTHENO S (23.09±11.45, p<0.01); TERATO (17.96±9.23, p<0.05) and OAT (22.05±12.15, p=0.001)]. We determined a significant negative correlation between DFI and progressive motility (r= -0.162 p=0.001), and those with normal morphology (r= -0.100 p=0.040). Likewise the DFI shows a significant positive correlation with age (r= 0.257 p=0.000). Conclusions: Our study establishes that high DFI is accompanied by a significant impairment in all seminal parameters.