Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrasting Selenate‐Sulfate Interactions in Selenium‐Accumulating and Nonaccumulating Plant Species

The shoots of primary Se-accumulating plant species can accrue Se to several thousand micrograms per gram of dry weight, even when growing in gypsiferous soils, yet no detailed studies of the mutual antagonism between SeO4 and SO4 during plant uptake have been conducted with these species. In a comparative study, we grew a nonaccumulator (alfalfa, [Medicago sativa L.]) and a primary Se accumulator [Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook.) A. Gray] in identical nutrient solutions with varied SeO4 (2-80 and SO4 (0.5-15.5 mM) concentrations for 21 (alfalfa) or 32 to 35 d (A. bisulcatus). Shoot S concentrations in alfalfa were increased by increases in solution SeO4, but only when shoot Se was above 20 g, suggesting that SeO4induced stimulation of S uptake may be a result of incipient Se toxicity. Similar stimulations of S uptake were less apparent in A. bisulcatus. Alfalfa shoot Se concentrations ranged from 4 to 154 g, while the same treatments resulted in shoot levels of 175 to 1200 g 1 in A. bisulcatus. Uptake of SeO4 by alfalfa was profoundly inhibited by increases in solution SO4, while Se uptake by A. bisulcatus was much less, although still significantly, affected. Comparison of molar Se/S ratios in plants and nutrient solutions indicated discrimination against Se by alfalfa, but preferential accumulation of Se by A. bisulcatus. A reevaluation of previously published results was in general agreement with our findings, and suggested that primary Se accumulators have a unique ability to accumulate SeO4 in the face of competition from SO4. These species could thus prove useful in efforts to remediate Se-contaminated soils or sediments that are also enriched in SO4. Overall plant discrimination between SeO4 and SO4 may be related to (i) discrimination between the two analogues during initial absorption, or (ii) differential retranslocation of these elements to the root with subsequent afflux to the external solution. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 5 then click button8
Transition to Independent Surgical Practice and Burnout Among Early Career General Surgeons

Background: The transition from surgical residency to independent practice is a challenging period that has not been well studied. Methods: An email invitation to complete a 55-item survey and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was sent to early career general surgeons across Canada. The chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare demographic and survey characteristics with burnout. Multivariable logistic regression was performed. Results: Of the 586 surgeons contacted, 88 responded (15%); 51/88 surgeons (58.0%) were classified as burnt out according to the MBI-HSS. Most surgeons (68.2%) were not confident in their abilities to handle the business aspect of practice. The majority (60.2%) believed that a transition to independent practice program would be beneficial to recent surgical graduates. Conclusions: Our data showed high prevalence of burnout among recently graduated general surgeons across Canada. Further, respondents were not confident in their managerial and administrative skills required to run a successful independent practice.
Impact of a Lisbon‐type tsunami on the U.K. coastline and the implications for tsunami propagation over broad continental shelves

[1] We investigate the propagation of tsunamis toward the European shelf break, using six different initial conditions (based on the 1755 Lisbon earthquake), in order to assess the hazard to this region. Only one of our source models, an assumed earthquake magnitude of 8.7 Mw with a zonal fault orientation, resulted in significant wave heights at the U.K. coastline. Because of wave spreading, only a fraction of the tsunami energy from such an event reaches the northwest European shelf, which itself provides a further buffer through reflection and frictional dissipation. However, we found significant local reamplification due to wave interactions and resonance on the continental shelf. The maximum elevations obtained were comparable to severe winter storm conditions, but with extreme local variability in the tsunami amplitude. Our results suggest that the impact of any repeat of this event would be very sensitive to the precise location and orientation of the source deformation, as well as by complex topographic interactions on the shelf. The uncertainties arising from the combination of source orientation and bathymetric interaction suggest that any assessment of risk, for places where tsunamis are likely, should consider a large ensemble of initial conditions.
Dinoflagellate cysts as proxies for palaeoceanographic conditions in Arctic fjords

Abstract The potential of using dinoflagellate cysts as proxies for palaeoceanographic conditions and as monitors of the dynamic marine environment of climatically sensitive Arctic fjords was investigated with sediment traps. Dinoflagellate cysts were analysed from three separate deployments in two high Arctic fjords in the Svalbard archipelago. Two deployments in Kongsfjorden on the west coast of Svalbard occurred during 2002 and 2006–2007 and a deployment in Rijpfjorden on the NE coast occurred during 2006–2007. The cyst production displayed peaks of abundance in the spring and late summer with distinct differences in cyst occurrence in different fjords and in different years. The recorded and identified cyst species were consistent both with the hydrography of the fjords and with changes in cyst composition that are comparable to the seasonal shifts in water mass characteristics. The presence of the heterotrophic species Protoperidinium conicum in Kongsfjorden during 2002 is of note and may reflect the availability of a particular food source possibly associated with the strong influx of Atlantic Water. Cysts recovered from Kongsfjorden during 2006–2007 were dominated by Islandinium minutum, an indicator of cold, polar to subpolar conditions. The temperature and salinity characteristics of the ambient hydrography in this period indicated less influence by Atlantic Water than in 2002, and the cyst production was consistent with regional cyst distribution patterns. In Rijpfjorden, cyst assemblages were dominated by Pentapharsodinium dalei, consistent with the fjord being dominated by full Arctic conditions during the mooring deployment and the possible occurrence of stratified water with high productivity during the spring phytoplankton bloom.
Surface wind speeds over the North Sea from special sensor microwave/imager observations

The Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) flying as part of the U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program measures millimeter-wave radiation emerging from the Earth-atmosphere system at different directions of polarization that can be used to measure oceanic surface wind speed. The radiative transport within the radiometer channels is studied theoretically for a large set of oceanic/atmospheric situations with respect to surface wind speed variations. Statistical retrieval coefficients for the recoverage of surface wind speeds from the satellite measurements are then derived via regression analysis of the synthetic measurements simulated. The theoretically estimated accuracy for the globally valid passive wind speed retrieval is 1.4 m/s under conditions where no heavy rain hampers the surface-leaving radiation in reaching the satellite. The technique is validated with in situ wind fields over the North Sea being objectively analyzed from routine wind and pressure observations.
The influence of transient surface fluxes on North Atlantic overturning in a coupled GCM Climate Change Experiment

The mechanism by which the model‐simulated North Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) weakens in response to increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing is investigated through the use of a set of five multi‐century experiments. Using a coarse resolution version of the GFDL coupled climate model, the role of various surface fluxes in weakening the THC is assessed. Changes in net surface freshwater fluxes (precipitation, evaporation, and runoff from land) are found to be the dominant cause for the model's THC weakening. Surface heat flux changes brought about by rising GHG levels also contribute to THC weakening, but are of secondary importance. Wind stress variations have negligible impact on the THC's strength in the transient GHG experiment.
A LOPINGIAN (LATE PERMIAN) BRACHIOPOD FAUNA FROM THE QUBUERGA FORMATION AT SHENGMI IN THE MOUNT QOMOLANGMA REGION OF SOUTHERN XIZANG (TIBET), CHINA

Abstract A small fauna of 11 species belonging to 10 genera of Permian Brachiopoda from the lower part of the Qubuerga Formation outcropping near Shengmi village in the Qomolangma region of southern Xizang (Tibet) is figured and new taxa are described. New taxa are Quinquenella semiglobosa and Costatumulus shengmiensis. The fauna is most likely of Wuchiapingian (Djhulfian) age as indicated by the majority of the brachiopod species.
Development of a baroclinic discontinuous Galerkin finite element model for estuarine and coastal flows

Numerical marine models have become indispensable in ocean sciences. Despite many developments over the past decades, modelling of the coastal ocean is still an area of active research. In recent years, unstructured mesh models have gained attention, as they can better represent the complex topography of coastal domains compared to standard models. The inherent flexibility of unstructured meshes is particularly useful in multi-scale applications, where a wide spectrum of spatial scales must be captured. This thesis deals with the development of discontinuous Galerkin finite element shallow water models, with focus on shelf sea-estuary-river network systems. Two key issues in coastal marine modelling are addressed: wetting-drying and three-dimensional modelling of buoyancy driven flows. Representing the periodic exposure and submerging of tidal flats is a complicated task for Eulerian models. Most wetting-drying techniques are model specific, and require explicit time integration, which can significantly increase the computational cost. A generic wetting-drying method for depth-averaged shallow water equations is presented, which is compatible with implicit time marching, thus improving the computational efficiency. The latter part of the thesis is devoted for the development of a three-dimensional baroclinic model. A discontinuous Galerkin finite element discretisation is presented, combined with an explicit time integration method. Slope limiters are used to ensure stability in strongly baroclinic flows. To account for vertical mixing, the model is coupled to an established turbulence closure model library. The model is validated with standard benchmarks and a Rhine river plume simulation in an idealised geometry.
Seismic Stratigraphy and Subsidence Analysis in the Barrow-Dampier Subbasin, Northwest Australia

The objective of this study is to analyze the basin-fill history of the Barrow-Dampier Subbasin (Northwest Shelf, Australia) as a spectacular and complex example of the stratigraphic record of continental breakup. From the Permian until the Holocene, the Barrow-Dampier Subbasin underwent development from a continental sedimentary basin located on the Gondwana continent to a rift graben. When extensional movement ceased, the subbasin developed as a passive continental margin. This study, based on marine seismic data (about 600 km) and logs of 20 wells, includes a seismic stratigraphic analysis tied to wells in the vicinity, chronostratigraphic charts, and the calculation of subsidence curves. The basin fill is characterized by a hierarchically organized architecture. The largest scale are four tectonic-stratigraphic units: prerift (Upper Permian to Pliensbachian), rift (until Callovian), postrift (until the Upper Cretaceous), and convergence (Neogene). The tectonostratigraphic units were built by 13 sequences of the time scale of second-order sequences. Several of the sequences coincide with discrete subsidence episodes on geohistory plots. For most sequences and sequence boundaries, either a eustatic or a tectonically enhanced origin could be established. A series of seismic facies maps for these sequences visualize the sedimentary basin evolution. Several of the second-order sequences can be subdivided into systems tracts or higher order sequences.
Orthodontic treatment of patients medicated with bisphosphonates - a clinical case report Kieferorthopädische Behandlung bei Patienten unter Bisphosphonattherapie - ein klinischer Fallbericht

Abstract Introduction. Bisphosphonates (BP) are an established medi-cation, e.g., for the prevention/therapy of osteoporosis. The ef-fects of the changed bone metabolism for orthodontic treatments are unknown.Case report. A 66-year-old woman underwent a total oral reha-bilitation. The therapy included (1) tooth extractions, (2) perio-dontal treatment, (3) insertion of dental implants, (4) provisional implant restorations, (5) orthodontic treatment, and (6) definite implant restorations. The orthodontic tooth movements were in- and retrusion of the upper frontal teeth, intrusion of the lower front teeth, using the dental implants as skeletal anchorage. After implant insertion and one month before beginning the orthodon-tic treatment, osteoporosis was diagnosed in this patient and, without notification to our facility, BP treatment was initiated by her general practitioner (alendronate oral, 70 mg/week), with an overall duration of intake of 7 months. After 13 months, the ortho-dontic treatment was successfully accomplished; however en-larged periodontal gaps, sclerotic bone areas, and mild apical root resorptions of the upper frontal teeth were found in this patient.Conclusion. Currently, there are no recommendations for or-thodontic patients undergoing BP therapy. Orthodontic tooth movement in this low-risk patient with a short duration of intake and a low-dose BP medication was possible. Because of the re-duced bone metabolism and the higher amount of side effects, the treatment should be performed with extremely light forces and frequent monitoring.
Nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes from watersheds of the northeast U.S. from 1930 to 2000: Role of anthropogenic nutrient inputs, infrastructure, and runoff

An ongoing challenge for society is to harness the benefits of nutrients, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), while minimizing their negative effects on ecosystems. While there is a good understanding of the mechanisms of nutrient delivery at small scales, it is unknown how nutrient transport and processing scale up to larger watersheds and whole regions over long time periods. We used a model that incorporates nutrient inputs to watersheds, hydrology, and infrastructure (sewers, wastewater treatment plants, and reservoirs) to reconstruct historic nutrient yields for the northeastern U.S. from 1930 to 2002. Over the study period, yields of nutrients increased significantly from some watersheds and decreased in others. As a result, at the regional scale, the total yield of N and P from the region did not change significantly. Temporal variation in regional N and P yields was correlated with runoff coefficient, but not with nutrient inputs. Spatial patterns of N and P yields were best predicted by nutrient inputs, but the correlation between inputs and yields across watersheds decreased over the study period. The effect of infrastructure on yields was minimal relative to the importance of soils and rivers. However, infrastructure appeared to alter the relationships between inputs and yields. The role of infrastructure changed over time and was important in creating spatial and temporal heterogeneity in nutrient input‐yield relationships.
Excess Risk of Tuberculosis Infection Among Extra-household Contacts of Tuberculosis Cases in an African City

Received 4 June 2020; editorial decision 2 October 2020; published online 16 October 2020. R. K. and N. K. contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: C. C. Whalen, Global Health Institute, College of Public Health, 100 Foster Drive, Athens, GA 30602 (ccwhalen@uga.edu). Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021;73(9):e3438–45 © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1556 Excess Risk of Tuberculosis Infection Among Extra-household Contacts of Tuberculosis Cases in an African City
Chronic run training suppresses a -adrenergic response of rat cardiomyocytes and isovolumic left ventricle

Russell L. Moore. Chronic run training suppresses a -adrenergic response of rat cardiomyocytes and isovolumic left ventricle. Am. J. Physiol. 277 ( Heart Circ. Physiol. 46): H2136–H2144, 1999. —The effects of endurance run training on a -adrenergic responsiveness of rat left ventricle (LV) were examined in cardiomyocytes and isovolumic LV. Female Spra-gue-Dawley rats were sedentary (Sed) or trained (Tr) for . 20 wk by treadmill running. Cardiomyocyte shortening and fura 2 ﬂuorescence ratio were recorded before and during 5-min exposure to 5 µM phenylephrine (PE) while paced at 0.5 Hz in 2 mM extracellular Ca 2 1 concentration at 29°C. Cardiomyocyte shortening and shortening velocity increased with PE, and these effects were more pronounced in the Sed group. The rate of cytosolic Ca 2 1 concentration removal was reduced by PE in the Sed cardiomyocytes, but was unaffected in the Tr. Isovolumic LV pressure was recorded immediately before and during 5-min perfusion with 5 µM PE during pacing at 280 beats/min and 37°C, and positive inotropy due to PE was more pronounced in the Sed than in the Tr. These data demonstrated that the effects of a -adrenergic stimulation on myocardial positive inotropy and calcium regulation were reduced in this rat model of min) repeated-measures ANOVA performed on all LV pressure characteristics, a signiﬁcant ‘‘Tr 3 duration’’ interaction was used to indicate a differential response of the experimental groups to PE. are as means 6 SE. To reduce the possibility of committing a type II interpretive error, i.e., a false negative, signiﬁcance was considered at both the P 0.05 and P # principles
Maintenance of the Free-Tropospheric Tropical Water Vapor Distribution. Part I: Clear Regime Budget

Abstract The water vapor budget of the free troposphere of the maritime Tropics is investigated using radiosonde observations, analyzed fields, and satellite observations, with particular attention paid to regions free of organized convection. In these arid regions, time-average drying by subsidence must be balanced by moistening via horizontal advection from convective areas and via vertical turbulent transport from below. It is found that for at least 25% of the maritime Tropics, 80% ± 10% of this source above 700 mb is by horizontal advection. The remainder comes from vertical convective transport (scales 270 W m−2 and may be said to exist out of equilibrium with the surface as regards moisture. Transport from below makes a significant contribution between 700 and 800 mb, despite the usual presence of an inversion below these levels, but is difficult to quanti.
Spatial-Temporal Variations in January Precipitation over the Period of 1950-2000 in Pakistan and Possible Links with Global Teleconnections: Geographical Perspective

Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) was performed to investigate spatial variation in January precipitation over Pakistan using ground observed mean monthly precipitation data from 1950-2000 with a combination of gridded reanalysis data of sea level pressure (SLP) and 500 hPa geopotential height. The leading EOF mode captures 37.51% of the total variance and the spatial-temporal variability of January precipitation was consistent in the study area. The temporal changes explicate non-periodic interannual variability and some tacit interdecadal variation. The anomalous condition is more prominent along the western bordering mountains and northern high mountainous region than any other region of Pakistan. Based on results the study reveals spatial-temporal variation in January precipitation and possible links with global teleconnections located both in the proximity as well as in the remote areas from the study locus.
A Prenatal Coparenting Intervention With Unmarried Father-Mother Dyads: Fidelity of Intervention Delivery by Male-Female Community Mentor Teams.

BACKGROUND Most prenatal preventive interventions for unmarried mothers do not integrate fathers or help the parents plan for the development of a functional coparenting alliance after the baby's arrival. Furthermore, properly trained professionals have only rarely examined the fidelity of these interventions. PURPOSE This report examines whether experienced community interventionists (home visitors, health educators, fatherhood service personnel) with no formal couples' therapy training are capable of pairing together to deliver with adequate fidelity a manualized dyadic intervention designed for expectant unmarried mothers and fathers. METHODS Three male and four female mentors (home visitors, health educators, fatherhood personnel) working in paired male-female co-mentor teams delivered a seven-session "Figuring It Out for the Child" curriculum (six prenatal sessions, one booster) to 14 multirisk, unmarried African American families (parent age ranging from 14 to 40). Parental well-being and views of fatherhood were assessed before the intervention and again 3 months after the baby's birth. Quality assurance analysts evaluated mentor fidelity (adherence to the curriculum, competence in engaging couples with specified curricular content) through a review of the transcripts and audiotapes from the sessions. Mentors also rated their own adherence. RESULTS Although the mentors overestimated adherence, quality assurance analyst ratings found acceptable levels of adherence and competence, with no significant male-female differences in fidelity. Adherence and competence were marginally higher in sessions that required fewer direct couples' interventions. Parents reported satisfaction with the interventions and showed statistically significant improvement in the family dimensions of interest at 3-4 months posttreatment. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Findings support the wisdom of engaging men both as interventionists and as recipients of prenatal coparenting interventions-even in families where the parents are uncoupled and non-co-residential.