Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GENERALIZATION OF OSTROWSKI INEQUALITY FOR DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO NUMERICAL QUADRATURE RULES

A generalized Ostrowski inequality is given for differentiable functions, i.e. bounded below functions and bounded above functions. Some applications are discussed for solving error bounds of midpoint, trapezoidal, 1 3 Simpson’s and 3 8 Simpson’s quadrature rules. Error bounds for some nonstandard quadratures rules are also given. We also retrieve many established results.
Erk and MAPK signaling is essential for intestinal development through Wnt pathway modulation

ABSTRACT Homeostasis of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is maintained by the orchestration of niche factors and intrinsic signaling networks. Here, we have found that deletion of Erk1 and Erk2 (Erk1/2) in intestinal epithelial cells at embryonic stages resulted in an unexpected increase in cell proliferation and migration, expansion of ISCs, and formation of polyp-like structures, leading to postnatal death. Deficiency of epithelial Erk1/2 results in defects in secretory cell differentiation as well as impaired mesenchymal cell proliferation and maturation. Deletion of Erk1/2 strongly activated Wnt signaling through both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. In epithelial cells, Erk1/2 depletion resulted in loss of feedback regulation, leading to Ras/Raf cascade activation that transactivated Akt activity to stimulate the mTor and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Moreover, Erk1/2 deficiency reduced the levels of Indian hedgehog and the expression of downstream pathway components, including mesenchymal Bmp4 – a Wnt suppressor in intestines. Inhibition of mTor signaling by rapamycin partially rescued Erk1/2 depletion-induced intestinal defects and significantly prolonged the lifespan of mutant mice. These data demonstrate that Erk/Mapk signaling functions as a key modulator of Wnt signaling through coordination of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during intestinal development. Summary: Erk/MAPK signaling plays a crucial role during intestinal development through modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms.
Analysis of Gene Effects for Yield and Certain Yield Traits in Crosses Between Cicer Arietinum L. and C. Reticulatum Ladz

Inheritance of eight agronomic traits, namely, leaf length, primary branches, days to flower, days to maturity, pods/plant, seeds/pod, yield/plant and 100-seed weight were studied in four interspecific crosses involving two chickpea varieties and C. reticulatum using the generation means analysis. For leaf length, primary branches, days to flower and days to maturity both additive and nonadditive gene effects were recorded. For yield/plant and 100-seed weight, d, j, and i interactions were more important than other gene effects. For pods/plant, dominance and i interaction effects were recorded. The preponderance of nonadditive gene effects indicates that a poor gain under selection may be expected in these crosses.
Genetic diversity of the endemic Canary Island pine tree, Pinus canariensis

The Canary Island pine, Pinus canariensis, is an endemic tree that forms one of the main forest ecosystems within the archipelago, and whose distribution has been reduced in the last five centuries by clear cutting for the extraction of timber and tar. It was in the XXth century that exploitation declined and reforestation programs were brought forward for the restoration of an ecosystem that harbours a number of endangered endemic species of plants and animals. In addition to reforestation efforts, an understanding of population genetic processes is also necessary for the successful conservation management of the Canarian pine forest, particularly in light of gathering evidence for local adaptation. In this thesis historical and contemporary gene flow within P. canariensis was studied with nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. High immigration rates (0.68–0.75) were estimated as expected for an outcrossing windpollinated tree. Nevertheless, significant population differentiation (theta = 0.019, RST = 0.044) was detectable for sites separated by only a few kilometres. Within the context of reforestation programs the high levels of gene flow detected would appear to have a positive effect on reforested stands by facilitating the immigration of local alleles from natural stands into potentially genetically depauperate first generation gene pools of reforested stands. Historical population growth was revealed with chloroplast microsatellites for most populations of P. canariensis. Population expansions for the pine parasite weevil Brachyderes rugatus were also detected, broadly coinciding with the population expansions within the Canary Island pine forests. Given the estimated times of expansion, these population demographic increases would seem likely related to the process of colonisation of newly emerged islands or local patches after volcanic disturbance. Detection and dating of these expansions from chloroplast microsatellites was, to some degree, negatively affected by homoplasy (i.e. parallel and back mutations). Coalescent simulations of the evolution of chloroplast microsatellites were applied to study the effects of homoplasy in the statistical analysis of population structuring. Measures of genetic diversity based on number of haplotypes and genetic distances were differently affected. Genetic distances were underestimated but were proportional to the actual value. These effects help to explain the lower performance of statistical analyses for the detection and dating of population expansions. Further research on the effects of homoplasy in the analysis of population differentiation using chloroplast microsatellites is essential.
To Be or Not to Be an Academic: The Academic Professional Intentions of PhD Students and Influencing Factors

Abstract Using survey data on academic PhD students, influencing factors for PhD students’ academic career intentions are explained from the perspectives of individual features and the academic labor market. The study found: (1) There is a diversification of PhD employment, with nearly one-third of academic PhDs going to nonacademic organizations; (2) female PhDs tend to favor stable academic professions, and rural and low-income PhD groups are more inclined to choose employment in academic organizations to become academic elites and realize upward social mobility; (3) PhD students who identify with academic majors tend to choose academic professions, but a considerable portion of top quality PhDs go to nonacademic organizations; (4) academic interests and enthusiasm are important influences on choosing an academic profession; (5) worsening job environments in academic institutions and weakening professional attractiveness had a cooling effect on the academic employment intentions of PhDs.
The Natural History, Distribution, and Conservation of Lonely Rainfrogs, Pristimantis eremitus

Abstract Natural history and behavioral information for species of the genus Pristimantis is scarce. We conducted an extensive study of Pristimantis eremitus, a vulnerable species for which there is scant biological information. We monitored 17 individuals for movements and intraspecific interactions for 13 mo. We describe the species’ variation in dorsal color and pattern, which we used to uniquely identify individuals during the study. We also present results on the habitat utilization and home range of this species, providing evidence that this species shows a preference toward the bromeliad microhabitat when compared with other microhabitat types. We also describe the advertisement call and associated behaviors of the species. We update the known distribution of the species. Our data provide a baseline for future researchers to survey and identify individuals of P. eremitus, and which could be applied comparatively to other species where little of their natural history is known. We also show how an in-depth in situ study can provide useful information for species conservation.
Bank CRM Optimization Using Predictive Classification Based on the Support Vector Machine Method

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a predictive approach to segmenting credit card users, based on their value to the bank. The approach combines the Recency, Frequency and Monetary (RFM) method, clustering using the k-means method, and predictive classification by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. Clustering by non-encoded RFM attributes overcomes the subjectivity in selecting the number of segments and losing information (small differences in the values of these attributes) which are problems of classic RFM segmentation. In order to overcome the problem of class imbalance in predictive classification (which occurs due to the small number of valuable customers), the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method was applied as a pre-processor of data due to its extraordinary generalization capabilities. The end result of predictive classification should be a set of rules that describes the identified customer segments in order to tailor the offer to each segment individually. The extraction of rules from the SVM output was achieved using the Decision Tree (DT) classification method. Using a proposed approach that addresses the issue of the small class, marketing managers can more effectively target the most valuable customers, thereby increasing revenue, but also reducing unnecessary costs due to wrongly targeted valuable clients.
Elementary Students’ Motivation to Read and Genre Preferences

Abstract This study examines the psychometric properties of a reading motivation measure with a sample of upper elementary students in the United States (n = 195). The research explores upper elementary students’ motivation to read, the amount/frequency of their reading in general, and their preferences for different text genres. Factor analyses support the validity and reliability of the SRQ-RM for upper elementary students in the United States, a tool not previously used with this population. This study also included a nuanced assessment of students’ genre preferences, which has implications for reading motivation and effective classroom instruction.
Describing Sexual Dimorphism and Fine Scale Spatial Distributions in the Drab Thick-Tail Scorpion, Parabuthus planicauda

Southern Africa contains a diverse and endemic scorpion fauna, but with biological aspects remaining largely unexplored for this group. In order to gain biological insights into an understudied scorpion species, the current study investigates fine-scale spatial distributions and sexual dimorphism in the South African endemic Drab Thick-tail Scorpion (Parabuthus planicauda). The species closely track rocky areas, with the sexes homogenously distributed across habitats. Varying adult sex ratios are evident at each sampling area, likely influenced by differing vegetation cover and predation pressures. When considering size-corrected measurements, several characters are significantly sexually dimorphic in P. planicauda; this sexual dimorphism is not readily observable (<10% difference in size) based on uncorrected measurements, thereby rendering the identification of males and females in the field difficult. Even so, sexually dimorphic characters in females appear to be shaped mainly by natural selection (e.g. carapace width, pedipalp patella and metasoma), likely for enhanced feeding ability, fecundity, parental care and juvenile survival. In contrast, the male morphology may be primarily subject to sexual selection pressures on features used during courtship and mating (e.g. pectines, chela movable finger, pedipalp femur, 2nd and 4th legs). Taken together, the results reported on here add novel preliminary information on the understudied biological aspects of a South African endemic scorpion species.
Correlation studies in heliconia

The association between various characters and the direction and magnitude of different characters towards number of flowering shoots in 12 genotypes of heliconia were studied. Correlation revealed that number of flowering shoots per year had a strong positive correlation with vase life, number of flowers/bract and size both at genotypic and phenotypic levels.
Tracing Weibo (2009–2019): The commercial dissolution of public communication and changing politics

Abstract This paper delineates the historical evolution of Weibo as a social media platform (2009–2019). Rather than focusing on individual case event, we showcase how Weibo is enveloped by and also mutually shapes the push-and-pull forces of the platform’s commodification, political control and the Chinese internet ecology writ large. We argue that under these three forces, Weibo transformed from an online space for public discussions to a platform for marketing and advertising, and entertainment uses.
Western and Chinese media representation of Africa in COVID-19 news coverage

ABSTRACT In news production and dissemination, media represent communities, countries, and continents by constructing concepts, images, and identities as viewed by selected information sources. It is often assumed that foreign countries are labelled ‘Others’ by global media and misrepresented. This study aims to explore how differently Western and Chinese media source and frame events in Africa. Comparative content analysis of news coverage of COVID-19 prevention in Africa revealed that Western media used African official, African non-official, and Western non-official channels as information sources whereas Chinese media mainly used African and Chinese official sources. The result demonstrated that Western media covered events in Africa in Conflict, Negativity, Human interest, Impact, Eminence, and Novelty frames in positive, neutral, and negative tones whereas Chinese media covered mainly in Impact, Eminence and Novelty frames mostly in positive tone. Overall, the results suggest that Western media coverage of the events is not predominantly negative; and Chinese media coverage is uncommonly affirmative. The findings also suggest that sourcing shapes frames, tones, and representation of ‘Others’ by news media.
Early clinical surrogates for outcome prediction after stroke thrombectomy in daily clinical practice

Background and purpose To investigate early clinical surrogates for long-term independency of patients treated with thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion stroke in daily clinical routine. Methods All patients with anterior circulation stroke enrolled in the German Stroke Registry-Endovascular Treatment from 07/2015 to 04/2018 were analysed. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission, NIHSS percentage change, NIHSS delta and NIHSS at 24 hours as well as existing binary definitions of early neurological improvement (ENI; improvement of 8 (major ENI)/10 (dramatic ENI) NIHSS points or reaching 0/1 were compared for predicting functional outcome at 90 days using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Excellent and favourable outcome were defined as 0–1 and 0–2, respectively. Results Among 2262 endovasculary treated patients with acute ischaemic anterior circulation stroke, NIHSS at 24 hours had the highest discriminative ability to predict excellent (receiver operator characteristics (ROC)NIHSS 24 hours area under the curve (AUC) 0.86 (0.84–0.88)) and favourable long-term functional outcome (ROCNIHSS 24 hours AUC 0.86 (0.85–0.88)) in comparison to NIHSS percentage change (ROC% change AUC mRS ≤1: 0.81 (0.78–0.83) mRS ≤2: 0.81 (0.79–0.83)), NIHSS delta change (ROCΔ change AUC mRS ≤1: 0.74 (0.72–0.77), mRS ≤2: 0.77 (0.74–0.79)) and NIHSS admission (ROCAdm AUC mRS ≤1: 0.70 (0.68–0.73), mRS ≤2: 0.67 (0.68–0.71)). Advanced age was the only independent predictor (adjusted OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.07, p<0.001) for turning the outcome prognosis from favourable (mRS ≤2) to poor (mRS ≥4) at 90 days. Conclusion The NIHSS at 24 hours postintervention with a threshold of ≤8 points serves best as a surrogate for long-term functional outcome after thrombectomy for anterior circulation stroke in daily clinical practice. Only advanced age significantly decreases its predictive value.
Lifetime Mortality Risk from Cancer and Circulatory Disease Predicted from the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivor Life Span Study Data Taking Account of Dose Measurement Error

Dosimetric measurement error is known to potentially bias the magnitude of the dose response, and can also affect the shape of dose response. In this report, generalized relative and absolute rate models are fitted to the latest Japanese atomic bomb survivor solid cancer, leukemia and circulatory disease mortality data (followed from 1950 through 2003), with the latest (DS02R1) dosimetry, using Bayesian techniques to adjust for errors in dose estimates and assessing other model uncertainties. Linear-quadratic models are fitted and used to assess lifetime mortality risks for contemporary UK, USA, French, Russian, Japanese and Chinese populations. For a test dose of 0.1 Gy absorbed dose weighted by neutron relative biological effectiveness, solid cancer, leukemia and circulatory disease mortality risks for a UK population using a generalized linear-quadratic relative rate model were estimated to be 3.88% Gy–1 [95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 1.17, 6.97], 0.35% Gy–1 (95% BCI: –0.03, 0.78) and 2.24% Gy–1 (95% BCI: –0.17, 13.76), respectively. Using a generalized absolute rate linear-quadratic model at 0.1 Gy, the lifetime risks for these three end points were estimated to be 3.56% Gy–1 (95% BCI: 0.54, 6.78), 0.41% Gy–1 (95% BCI: 0.01, 0.86) and 1.56% Gy–1 (95% BCI: –1.10, 7.21), respectively. There was substantial evidence of curvature for solid cancer (in particular, the group of solid cancers excluding lung, breast and stomach cancers) and leukemia, so that for solid cancer and leukemia, estimates of excess risk per unit dose were nearly doubled by increasing the dose from 0.01 to 1.0 Gy, with most of the increase occurring in the interval from 0.1 to 1.0 Gy. For circulatory disease, the dose-response curvature was inverse, so that risk per unit dose was nearly halved by going from 0.01 t o 1.0 Gy weighted absorbed dose, although there were substantial uncertainties. In general, there were higher radiation risks for females compared to males. This was true for solid cancer and circulatory disease overall, as well as for lung, breast, stomach and the group of other solid cancers, and was the case whether relative or absolute rate projection models were employed; however, for leukemia this pattern was reversed. Risk estimates varied somewhat between populations, with lower cancer risks in aggregate for China and Russia, but higher circulatory disease risks for Russia, particularly using the relative rate model. There was more pronounced variation for certain cancer sites and certain types of projection models, so that breast cancer risk was markedly lower in China and Japan using a relative rate model, but the opposite was the case for stomach cancer. There was less variation between countries using the absolute rate models for stomach cancer and breast cancer, but this was not the case for lung cancer and the group of other solid cancers, or for circulatory disease.
Framing the search for a theory of land use

ABSTRACT Land system science and affiliated research linked to sustainability require improved understanding and theorization of land and its change as a social-ecological system (SES). The absence of a general land-use theory, anchored in the social subsystem but with explicit links to the environmental subsystem, hampers this effort. Drawing on land-use explanations, meta-analyses, and associated frameworks, we advance a broad framework structure of eight elements – aggregations of explanatory variables – with links to the biophysical subsystem, for systematic comparisons of extant explanations. Tests and models can be employed to identify which set of variables and their configurations provide robust explanations of across land uses, identifying the potential for theory development. The framework and its application are applicable to both top-down and bottom-up explanatory approaches employed in the social sciences. Links to the environmental subsystem invite future exploration of SES explanations that reach across the different dimensions of global change and sustainability science.
A Cladistic Analysis of Quercus (Fagaceae)in China Based on Leaf Epidermis and Architecture

A cladistic analysis of the genus Quercus L.in China was performed based on leaf epidermis and architecture using Trigonobalanus doichangensis (A.Camus)Farman as an outgroup. Some stable relationships among subgenera and species were indicated by the cladistic analysis.Subgen.Quercus were divided into five sections, namely Sect.Engleriana,Sect.Brachylepides,Sect.Echinolepides,Sect.Aegilops, and Sect. Quercus. Sect.Echinolepides was an intermediate group between evergreen and deciduous oaks of Subgen.Quercus. Sect.Brachylepides was a specialized group. Only Sect.Engleriana was polyphyletic,not monophyletic among five sections. Subgen.Cyclobalanopsis diverged earlier than Subgen.Quercus,treated as three groups,namely glabrate group,simple-haired group and complicated-haired group. The complicated-haired group has the closest relationship with Subgen.Quercus. Leaf epidermis and architecture were significant in taxonomy for Subgen.Quercus.
SQUARES

Nowadays, many data analysts are domain experts, but they lack programming skills. As a result, many of them can provide examples of data transformations but are unable to produce the desired query. Hence, there is an increasing need for systems capable of solving the problem of Query Reverse Engineering (QRE). Given a database and output table, these systems have to find the query that generated this table. We present SQUARES, a program synthesis tool based on input-output examples that can help data analysts to extract and transform data by synthesizing SQL queries, and table manipulation programs using the R language.
Genetic variability and correlations among yield and yield characters over two environments in pea

Twenty varieties of pea comprising of 15 lines and 5 testers of Indian and exotic origins and their 75F 1 hybrids produced by line x tester mating design were evaluated in two dates of sowing i.e, normal sown crop (NSC) and late sown crop (LSC) conditions for nine yield related traits. A wide range of variability was evidenced for plant height, pods per plant and biological yield plant. The F 1 hybrids showed higher range of variation as compared to parents for almost all the characters and greater in normal sown crop (NSC) conditions. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability was higher for pods per plant, biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant in parents (in NSC) in comparison to F 1 (in LSC), respectively. High broad sense heritability was observed for seed yield per plant, seeds per pod and harvest index. High genetic advance was noticed for plant height and pods per plant. Seed yield per plant was strongly associated with biological yield per plant, pods per plants, plant height,days to maturity and seeds per pod. The correlation coefficients among traits were least affected by time of planting.