Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Catastrophic Risks Management via Livelihood Diversification From Flood-prone Areas of Punjab, Pakistan

Agricultural lower productivity regardless of significant agricultural policy measures is considered major issue in mostly developing countries like Pakistan. These policies first and foremost focused on-farm development whereas the rich aspect of off-farm diversification is mostly overlooked. In mitigating climate change unpleasant impacts and dipping hunger, small farmers’ livelihood diversification performs considerable role. This study aimed to investigate the diversification of livelihood to managing catastrophic risks in rural farmers of Punjab, Pakistan. This research work used the data of 398 flood prone households from two higher risk flood prone districts of Punjab and employed logistic regression model for empirical estimation of the study. In managing catastrophic risks, majority of respondents almost 57% put into practice off-farm diversification of livelihood strategies whereas 44.5% adopted on-farm livelihood diversification strategies. Empirical estimates of logistic model illustrated as demographic, socioeconomic, risk perception and institutional characteristics considerably affect the farmers’ preference of diversification of livelihood. Results also highlighted the accessibility of inadequate labour force, poor roads and market infrastructure, be short of credit access, inadequate institutional support, restricted training and skills, limited natural resources and climate uncertainties and risks are some significant constraints in adopting the livelihood diversification in the study area. This research work advocated the necessitate for forcefully adoption the policies of climate change such as getting better services access, focus training initiatives, improved infrastructure and increasing institutional assistance. State based adoption of accurate policy measures and suitable deliberation so as to promote livelihood diversification as a part of enhancing national jobs to get better numerous livelihoods and save lives, as small farmers’ livelihood possibly will improve.
Surface heat and moisture exchange in the marginal ice zone: Observations and a new parameterization scheme for weather and climate models

Aircraft observations from two Arctic field campaigns are used to characterise and model surface heat and moisture exchange over the marginal ice zone (MIZ). We show that the surface roughness lengths for heat and moisture over unbroken sea ice vary with roughness Reynolds number (R✶; itself a function of the roughness length for momentum, z0, and surface wind stress), with a peak at the transition between aerodynamically smooth (R✶ 2.5) regimes. The conceptual model of Andreas (1987) accurately reproduces this peak, in contrast to the simple parameterizations currently employed in two state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction models, which are insensitive to R✶. We propose a new, simple parameterization for surface exchange over the MIZ that blends the Andreas (1987) conceptual model for sea ice with surface exchange over water as a function of sea ice concentration. In offline tests, this Blended A87 scheme performs much better than the existing schemes for the rough conditions observed during the ‘IGP’ field campaign. The bias in total turbulent heat flux across the MIZ is reduced to only 13 W m-2 for the Blended A87 scheme, from 48 and 80 W m-2 for the Met Office Unified Model and ECMWF Integrated Forecast System schemes, respectively. It also performs marginally better for the comparatively smooth conditions observed during the ‘ACCACIA’ field campaign. However, the benefit of this new scheme is dependent on the representation of sea ice topography via z0; a key remaining source of uncertainty in surface exchange parameterization over sea ice.
African American Women’s Marital Attitudes: A Qualitative Study on Never Married Women

Over the past few decades, marriage rates in the United States among African Americans continue to decline, yet African American women continue to express a desire to be married. Using a grounded theory qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews (N = 23), we explored marital attitudes among never married African American women. Participants identified both negative and positive exposures to marriage during childhood and messaging from family and faith communities as major sources influencing their desire to marry. Other themes, such as respectability and child behavioral benefits emerged that influenced women’s attitudes toward marriage. We present a discussion of the findings, limitations of this study, and next steps in the research.
Criminal Histories and Rates of Recidivism Among Two Subtypes of Psychopathic Individuals

Although it is well established that individuals with psychopathic traits are a high-risk group for criminal recidivism, there is considerable evidence that psychopathy is a heterogeneous personality disorder comprised of two subtypes who differ on levels of negative affect (NA). However, few studies have examined differences in criminal histories, and fewer still have investigated differences in recidivism among subtypes of psychopathy. The current study compared criminal histories and recidivism rates between psychopathy subtypes differing in NA (high-NA vs. low-NA) within a sample of adult males incarcerated in state prisons. The high-NA and low-NA psychopathy subtypes did not differ on histories of total, nonviolent, or violent crime, and did not differ on rates of total, nonviolent, or violent recidivism. This finding highlights equally high levels of criminal risk associated with both subtypes of psychopathic individuals. Intervention strategies should be prioritized for both subgroups to effectively reduce the criminal costs associated with psychopathy.
Utility of High-Resolution Sonography for Evaluation of Knee Joint Pathologies as a Screening Tool

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been established as the gold standard imaging technique for assessing knee joint pathologies. However, high-resolution sonography (HRS) is affordable, easily available, cost-effective, and can be used for knee joint assessment. This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic yield of HRS in the evaluation of knee joint pathologies compared with MRI. Materials and Methods: In the study, 103 patients, with symptomatic knee pain, were included. HRS was performed followed by MRI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated. Kappa values were calculated to assess the performance of HRS compared with MRI. Results: The most frequent pathologies observed on HRS were knee joint effusion (84%) followed by medial meniscal (43%) and lateral meniscal (26%) tear. Conclusion: HRS demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of knee joint pathologies as compared with MRI. Therefore, HRS could be utilized as a screening tool for detection of knee joint pathologies.
Decision letter for "Higher temperatures are associated with reduced nestling body condition in a range‐restricted mountain bird"

2 2 : e02756 Demonstrated negative effects of increased temperatures on avian reproductive success suggest a mechanism by which climate change may impact species persistence. High temperatures can result in reduced parental care and reduced nestling condition in passerines with dependent young, resulting in lowered fledging success and population recruitment. We examined provisioning rate and nestling condition in a South African mountain endemic, the Cape rockjumper Chaetops frenatus, whose population declines correlate with warming habitat. Our aim was to determine whether rockjumper reproductive success could be affected by high air temperatures. We set up video cameras on nests at three nestling age classes (≤ 7 days old; 8–12 days old; ≥ 13 days old) for 8 hours on 37 separate days. We successfully collected full-day footage on 25 of the 37 days (four days with predation, eight with equipment failure). Nestlings were weighed at the beginning and end of each film day, barring the four days with mid-day predation (n = 65 nestling measures from 33 of the 37 days). Average mass gain across all nestlings per nest was positively correlated with provisioning rate (0.78 g provisions−1 hr−1, CI: 0.26–1.30), and provisioning rate decreased at increasing temperatures (−0.08 provisions hr−1 °C−1, CI: −0.15 to −0.01). Daily change in mass of individual nestlings was negatively correlated with air temperatures above a significant temperature threshold (22.4°C; −0.30 g °C−1, CI: −0.40 to −0.19). This suggests nestling energy requirements were not being met on higher temperature days – perhaps because nestling energy and water demands for thermoregulation are elevated and provisioning rate is not correspondingly maintained or increased. These results suggest that higher temperatures negatively affect nestling mass gain. While in our study this did not directly affect fledging rates, it may affect post-fledging survival.
Efficiency measurement and productivity progress of regional green technology innovation in China: a comprehensive analytical framework

ABSTRACT An effective innovation is a significant cause of competitive advantage. The evaluation of regional green technology innovation (GTI) performance in China has gained tremendous interest. In this paper, the GTI activities are split into two components: the green technology R&D (GTR) stage and the technology achievement transformation (TAT) stage. While doing so, we consider the time lag of the GTI process and managerial disposability of the undesirable output. The combination of the network epsilon-based measure (EBM) model and meta-frontier Malmquist-Luenberger (MML) index constitutes a comprehensive analytical framework for evaluating the regional GTI performance in China. This study’s empirical results indicate that: (1) China’s overall average efficiency of GTI (0.817) is between the efficiency of GTR (0.725) and the efficiency of TAT (0.929); (2) the average efficiencies in the GTR stage fluctuate considerably, with average efficiencies relatively high and constant in the TAT stage; (3) technological progress is the key element which contributes to improvements in the MML index of overall and sub-process GTI; and (4) from a national perspective, the MML index of the overall GTI varies from 0.980 to 1.128 each year, with an average annual growth of 2.8%.
Effects of statewide stay-at-home orders on COVID-19 cases and deaths in the central USA

PurposeThis study seeks to determine the effects of stay-at-home orders in Spring 2020 on COVID-19 cases and deaths in the Central USA by comparing counties and health service areas that were and that were not subject to statewide orders.Design/methodology/approachThis study estimates the effects of statewide stay-at-home orders on new COVID-19 cases and deaths within 19 central states, of which 14 had stay-at-home orders. It uses synthetic control analysis and nearest neighbor matching to estimate the effects at two geographic levels: counties and health service areas.FindingsStatewide stay-at-home orders significantly reduced the number of new COVID-19 cases in the Central USA starting about three weeks after their effective dates; during the fourth week after their effective dates, the orders reduced the number of new cases per capita by 31%–57%. Statewide stay-at-home orders did not reduce the number of new COVID-19 deaths in the Central USA.Social implicationsThe main purpose of stay-at-home orders in Spring 2020 was to “flatten the curve” so that hospitalizations would not exceed capacity. It is likely that stay-at-home orders in the Central USA reduced hospitalizations to some extent, although the effect on hospitalizations was likely smaller than the effect on cases.Originality/valueThis is the first study of stay-at-home orders in the USA to limit the population to a group of interior states. All coastal states had statewide stay-at-home orders and comparing coastal states with orders to interior states without them may be problematic.
Bentonite effects on soil physical properties and millet yield components in a semi-arid region in China

Abstract: Soil structure plays a critical role in agroecosystems because it controls soil air and water capacity, nutrient availability, and crop root growth. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of bentonite on soil relative water content, soil cone penetration resistance, soil bulk density, aggregate size distribution, and millet crop yield components in a semi-arid region in northern China from 2011 to 2015. Treatments consisted of six bentonite rates (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 Mg·ha−1) applied only in the initial year. Addition of bentonite significantly increased soil relative water throughout the profile (0–60 cm) and aggregates in 0.25–2 mm class in 0–40 cm depth; it significantly decreased soil bulk density, soil cone penetration resistance, and aggregates in 0.053–0.25 mm class in the 0–40 cm depth. All of the bentonite treatments significantly increased 1000-kernel weight and panicle number up to 16% and 33%, respectively, but did not affect kernels per spike. Treatment with 24 Mg·ha−1 bentonite achieved the greatest effect on all the soil physical parameters and crop yield components averaged over all years; the highest application rate (30 Mg·ha−1) had an increasing effect over time. This study indicates that application of bentonite improves soil health in sandy-loam soil in a semi-arid region, and thus it would help promote sustainable agriculture development in regions with similar soil and climate.
Petrographic controls on baddeleyite occurrence in a suite of eight basaltic shergottites

Baddeleyite (ZrO2) is a common late‐stage accessory mineral in basaltic shergottites and is a robust geochronometer for obtaining igneous crystallization ages via high‐precision in situ SIMS U‐Pb analysis. Amenability to SIMS U‐Pb dating depends in large part on the size and abundance of baddeleyite grains, which are generally surveyed using microbeam methods. We examine the petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry, and baddeleyite distribution in eight basaltic shergottites to identify factors that may be used to predict baddeleyite distribution in unknown samples of Mars. Results suggest that fractional crystallization controls baddeleyite occurrence in shergottites to the first order; samples with pyroxene major element compositions extending beyond the 1‐bar stability boundary generally have higher baddeleyite abundance compared with samples with pyroxene compositions terminating at or before the stability boundary. In samples which display two pyroxene composition trends (high‐Ca and low‐Ca), the largest baddeleyite grains tend to be associated with Fe‐Ti oxides; in samples where pyroxene composition forms a continuous trend extending beyond the 1‐bar stability boundary, the largest baddeleyite grains are typically associated with polymineralic late‐stage pockets. Bulk HFSE content and fO2 do not appear to directly influence baddeleyite distribution. Based on our findings, we propose that pyroxene composition is a useful proxy for assessing baddeleyite abundance and distribution in shergottites and may aid in determining a sample’s feasibility for U‐Pb geochronology prior to conducting detailed surveys for baddeleyite characterization.
Prognostic value of regional strain by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background Few studies have demonstrated the performance of regional strain by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, and the prognostic value of segmental strain remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the prognostic implications of strain parameters generated by CMR feature tracking analysis in HCM patients. Methods In total, 104 clinically diagnosed HCM patients and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study, and all patients underwent a standard CMR examination. Global and regional strain was computed by short axis, 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber view cine MR imaging using specialized software. Cardiac structure, function, and myocardial strain were compared between the control group and HCM patients, and the event and event-free groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations between clinical and CMR parameters and poor prognosis. Results During the follow-up time, 8 patients reached the primary end points and 14 patients reached secondary end points. Regional radial strain of hypertrophic segments (RRS) and regional circumferential strain of hypertrophic segments (RCS) were worse in HCM patients with primary and secondary end points. In univariate Cox regression analysis of RRS, RCS were associated with primary and secondary end points. Regional radial strain of hypertrophic segments [hazard ratio (HR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-2.38] and RCS (HR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.20-4.59) were independent predictors of primary end points, and RRS (HR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.09-2.66) and RCS (HR 2.63, 95% CI: 1.20-5.75) remained independent predictors of secondary end points in multivariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated patients with RRS <10.0% and RCS ≥-8.5% had a higher rate of primary end points, and patients with RRS <17.9% and RCS ≥-12.1% experienced a higher rate of secondary end points. Conclusions In HCM patients, RRS and RCS were associated with primary and secondary end points and remained independent predictors in multivariate analysis. Impaired regional strain may potentially predict poor prognosis in HCM patients. Keywords Prognosis; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM); cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR); regional strain.
Engaging Pedagogical Strategies for Students in Teaching Sessions: A Suggestive Framework Blueprint

This study aims at understanding main reasons of disengagement in teaching session from students’ perspective. It further examines what pedagogical methods and preparations can contribute to higher student engagement in teaching session both from teachers’ and students’ perspectives. The study was conducted through interpretative phenomenological analysis to identify and analyze the experiences of the respondents. Primary data was obtained via semistructured interviews of participants from Delhi NCR, India. The results are reflected in the form of superordinate themes that emerged through analyzing the responses of participants. Based on exploratory details, some of the themes related to students’ disengagement were identified as insufficient interpersonal communication, lack of real-time application, dearth of empathy and dubious personal behaviour of teacher. The findings also define the Action Plan for teachers for enhancing student engagement in teaching session.
The role of perceived religiosity in strengthening celebrity endorser’s credibility dimensions

Abstract This present study investigates the moderating effect of celebrity endorsers’ perceived religiosity in the relationship between dimensions in source credibility theory and consumers’ purchase intention. A self-administered survey was conducted using mock-up stimuli to 505 respondents in major universities located in Jakarta, Indonesia. Subsequently, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was employed, followed by regression analysis using AMOS 24.0 to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that endorsers’ perceived religiosity significantly strengthened the influences of trustworthiness and attractiveness dimensions toward consumers’ purchase intention. Conversely, perceived religiosity did not significantly strengthen the effect of expertise on consumers’ purchase intention. Theoretically, this present study fulfills the knowledge gap of the influence of perceived religiosity construct on the relationship between source credibility dimensions and consumers’ purchase intention. While practically, this present study provides suggestions for marketers to involve the celebrity’s perceived religiosity dimensions to increase their endorsement campaigns’ credibility and effectiveness.
Snitches Get Stitches and End Up in Ditches: A Systematic Review of the Factors Associated With Whistleblowing Intentions

Blowing the whistle on corruption or wrongdoing can facilitate the detection, investigation, and then prosecution of a violation that may have otherwise gone undetected. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the factors that are associated with intentions to blow the whistle on wrongdoing. We searched Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Complete, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Medline, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Regional Business News, and SPORTDiscus in January 2020. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Of the 9,136 records identified, 217 studies were included in this systematic review. We identified 8 dimensions, 26 higher-order themes, and 119 lower-order themes. The whistleblowing dimensions were personal factors, organizational factors, cost and benefits, outcome expectancies, the offense, reporting, the wrongdoer, and social factors. Based on the findings, it is apparent that organizations should empower, educate, protect, support, and reward those who blow the whistle, in order to increase the likelihood on individuals blowing the whistle on corruption and wrongdoing. A combined approach may increase whistleblowing intentions, although research is required to test this assertion. From a policy perspective, more consistent protection is required across different countries.
Users’ Knowledge and Self Medications in Relation to Gastric Problems among Adults in a Middle Income Country; Jordan

ABSTRACT Background Self-medication of upper digestive symptoms is common in middle-income countries. The study aimed to investigate user’s knowledge, reasons for use, and utilization patterns of self-medication for gastric problems in Jordan (a middle-income country). Also it aimed to investigate herbal and antibiotics use for treatment of symptoms associated with gastric discomfort. Methods A cross-sectional validated survey was used. A sample of 2000 adults were targeted, 1545 participated in the study (response rate = 77.25%). Participants were recruited at different settings, in different areas of Amman. Data were collected between April and July 2017. SPSS for Windows version 16 was used for statistical analysis. Results Heartburn was the main symptom for the perception of gastrointestinal problems (19.3%). Of the participants suffering heartburn (45%) substituted over the counter-medication for professional consultation. Substitution was less in participants with comorbidity, and history of upper gastrointestinal disorder. Some participants (43.8%) believed that herbs relieved the symptoms. Antibiotic consumption in relation to relieving gastrointestinal symptoms among university students was more in science and health colleges than others (p-value < .05). Conclusion Substitution of over-the-counter medication for professional consultation occurs in Jordan. Enforcing regulation and awareness regarding safe self-medication of over-the-counter medications is needed.