Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of zinc supplementation on tricalcium phosphate particles‐induced inflammatory osteolysis in mice

Zinc (Zn), an essential trace element, can stimulate bone formation and inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, which controls the growth and maintenance of bone. However, the effect of Zn supplementation on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wear particles‐induced osteolysis remains unknown. Here, we doped Zn into TCP particles (ZnTCP), and explore the protective effects of Zn on TCP particles‐induced osteolysis in vivo. TCP particles and ZnTCP particles were embedded under the periosteum around the middle suture of the mouse calvaria. After 2 weeks, blood, the periosteal tissue, and the calvaria were collected to determine serum levels of Zn and osteocalcin, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, bone biochemical markers, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption area, and to explain its mechanism. Data revealed that Zn significantly prevented TCP particles‐induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss, and increased bone turnover. The Zn supplement remarkably suppressed the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6. Immunoblotting demonstrated that Zn alleviated expression levels of ER stress‐related proteins such as glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), PKR‐like ER kinase (PERK), phospho‐PERK (p‐PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), phospho‐eIF2α (p‐eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1‐α) and transcription factor X‐box binding protein spliced (XBP1s), leading to decreasing the ratios of p‐PERK/PERK and p‐eIF2α/eIF2α. Taken together, Zn supplementation strongly prevents TCP particles‐induced periprosthetic osteolysis via inhibition of the ER stress pathway, and it may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of aseptic prosthesis loosening.
TIGIT-Fc Prolongs Corneal Allograft Survival in Mice by Upregulating TIGIT/CD226 Expression and the Proportion of Helios+Foxp3+ Treg Cells

Background. Reduction of graft rejection remains key issue for supporting long-term graft retention after corneal transplantation. The relevance of Treg in reduction of corneal allografts rejection has been demonstrated. It has been recently reported that in addition to Foxp3, Helios is also considered to be a marker of activated Treg. Helios+Foxp3+ Treg are considered to be the true immunosuppressive Treg. TIGIT is an immunosuppressive costimulatory molecule that was found to be highly expressed on the surface of Helios+Foxp3+ Treg. Methods. In this study, we aimed to explore whether supplementing TIGIT would result in an expansion and activation of Helios+Foxp3+ Treg thus to mediate an immune tolerance following corneal transplantation by administering topically and systemically TIGIT-Fc treatment in murine models. Results. TIGIT-Fc treatment significantly improved the survival of corneal allograft compared with the control group. TIGIT-Fc treatment increased TIGIT/CD226 expression, the proportion of Helios+Foxp3+ Treg cells and an enhanced ex vivo suppressive effect from peripheral lymph nodes isolated Treg cells. Furthermore, the expression of Helios in corneal grafts was upregulated, whereas expression of CD226 and production of aqueous interferon-γ and VEGF were reduced by TIGIT-Fc treatment. Conclusions. TIGIT-Fc treatment could specifically upregulate Helios+Foxp3+ Treg-mediated immune response after allogeneic corneal transplantation via TIGIT/CD226-CD155 pathway which improves the survival of allografts.
Reliability analysis and disproportionate collapse for multi storey cross-laminated timber building

This paper focuses on developing finite element models and subsequent sensitivity and reliability analyses to evaluate the probability of disproportionate collapse of a twelve-storey case study Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) building, following extreme loading events such as earthquakes. As an initial damage, the methodology mimics event - independent scenarios that include a sudden removal of a vertical loadbearing element. This investigation emphasises on the rotational stiffness (k) of the joints by considering nonlinear dynamic analyses of the structure at global, component and connection levels. The rotational stiffness demand required to prevent disproportionate collapse is checked against the supply at all levels of structural idealisation. A sensitivity analysis at the sub - frame level shows that an improved structural detailing, to carry tie forces between structural members, as well as adequate thickness of structural elements, are important to prevent disproportionate collapse. The reliability analysis of the optimised structural model proves that the required k value, to develop resistance mechanisms, is too large to be practically achieved by means of common CLT joint detailing, which is provided by angle brackets and screws. As a result, connection detailing and size of members of the case study building need to be re-evaluated in order to avoid disproportionate collapse in the twelve-storey CLT building.
Nonminimal planar electrodynamics modified by higher-derivative terms

We consider a (2+1)-dimensional modified electrodynamics endowed with terms that are either Lorentz-invariant or Lorentz-violating and involve an ever increasing number of derivatives. Our construction relies on U(1) gauge invariance and the Abelian Chern-Simons term poses the starting point. The structure of the nonminimal Standard-Model Extension (SME) in (3+1) spacetime dimensions serves as an inspiration for our pursuit. For elaborate studies and applications we particularly focus on the second term of the operator series in the general framework, which is the first contribution with additional derivatives. The latter forms the essential ingredient for several models of modified planar electrodynamics to be examined. The propagators of the models constitute the foundation for us deriving the physical propagating modes as well as for drawing conclusions on unitarity in the quantum regime. We are also interested in identifying parameter regions of sub- and superluminal mode propagation and determine classical solutions of the field equations for the planar models introduced. Moreover, a duality between an extended Chern-Simons theory and a subset of the fermion sector coefficients in the nonminimal SME is pointed out, as well. Finally, the integer quantum Hall effect is chosen as a testbed to demonstrate the applicability of our findings to real physical systems. Predictions on momentum- and direction-dependent corrections of the Hall resistivity are made at the level of effective field theory, which could be tested in experiments. Thus, the (2+1)-dimensional models proposed are potentially applicable to model electromagnetic phenomena in certain planar condensed-matter systems.
Time trend analysis of perinatal mortality, stillbirth, and early neonatal mortality of multiple pregnancies for each gestational week from the year 2000 to 2019: A population-based study in Japan

Multiple pregnancies pose a high risk of morbidity and mortality in both mothers and infants; thus, obtaining reliable information based on a large population is essential to improve management. We used the maternal and child health statistics, which are published annually, from the database of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. The data obtained were aggregated in 5-year intervals, and we used them to analyze the proportion of the number of births for each week of pregnancy to the total of each singleton and multiple pregnancy. For perinatal health indicators (perinatal mortality, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality), the obtained data were calculated and plotted on graphs for each week of pregnancy. Moreover, these indicators were calculated by dividing them into first twin and second twin fetuses. Stillbirth weights were aggregated in several groups, and a histogram was displayed. Between 2000 and 2019, there were 21,068,275 live births, 67,666 stillbirths, and 16,443 early neonatal deaths, excluding 7,148 (7,104 singletons, 44 multiple births) cases, in which the exact gestational weeks at birth were unknown. More than 95% of multiple pregnancies were twin births. Perinatal mortality, stillbirth, and early neonatal mortality rates in multiple pregnancies were the lowest at approximately 37 weeks of gestation and lower than those of single pregnancies at approximately 36 weeks of gestation. Perinatal mortality and stillbirth rates were higher during the delivery of the second twins than the first-born twins, but the early neonatal mortality rate remained approximately the same during the delivery of both twins. As the data in the government database are accumulated and published continuously, indicators can be calculated in the future using the method presented in this study. Further, our findings may be useful for policymaking related to managing multiple pregnancies.
Bench to Bedside - Research aspects

which Hybrid Capture 2 test is used in primary screening, we analyzed the diagnostic performances of p16 INK4a /Ki67 dual(stained cytology in identifying CIN2+ lesion in 372 HPV(DNA positive women triaged for LSIL(or(worse (LSIL+) Pap cytology (unpublished data). Preliminary results showed that reflex CINtec+ test improved significantly sensitivity and NPV of cytology alone in triaging LSIL+ lesions (90.8% (cid:31) 62% and 77.2% (cid:31) 88.3%, respectively), but reduced triage cytology specificity and PPV (42.6% (cid:31) 79.6% and 49.4% (cid:31) 65.2%, respectively). In this context we believe that p16/Ki67 cytology, as a reflex test, may efficiently complement HPV(based screening programs to prevent cervical cancer, but follow(up studies are needed to assess its effective value in terms of predictive marker. Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, and infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been identified as the causal agent for this condition. The natural history of cervical cancer is characterized by slow disease progression, rendering the condition, in essence, preventable and even treatable when diagnosed in early stages. Pap smear and the recently introduced prophylactic vaccines are the most prominent prevention options, but despite the availability of these primary and secondary screening tools, the global burden of disease is unfortunately still very high. This book will focus on epidemiological and fundamental research aspects in the area of HPV, and it will update those working in this fast-progressing field with the latest information.
Cognizance of Post-COVID-19 Multi-Organ Dysfunction through Machine Learning Analysis

In the year 2022, a total of 466 patients from various cities across Iraq were included in this study. This research paper focuses on the application of machine learning techniques to analyse and predict multi-organ dysfunction in individuals experiencing Post-COVID-19 Syndrome, commonly known as Long COVID. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome presents a wide array of persistent symptoms affecting various organ systems, posing a significant challenge to healthcare. Leveraging the power of artificial intelligence, this study aims to enhance early detection and management of this complex condition. The paper outlines the importance of data collection and preprocessing, feature selection and engineering, model development and validation, and ethical considerations in conducting research in this field. By improving our understanding of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome through machine learning, healthcare providers can identify at-risk individuals and offer timely interventions, potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Further research is essential to refine models, validate their clinical utility, and explore treatment options for Long COVID. Keywords: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome, Machine Learning, Multi-Organ Dysfunction, Healthcare, Artificial Intelligence.
Epigenetic age analysis of children who to evade aging.

: We previously reported the unusual case of a teenage girl stricken with multifocal developmental dysfunctions whose physical development was dramatically delayed resulting in her appearing to be a toddler or at best a preschooler, even unto the occasion of her death at the age of 20 years. Her life ‐ long physician felt that the disorder was unique in the world and that future treatments for age ‐ related diseases might emerge from its study. The objectives of our research were to determine if other such cases exist, and if so, whether aging is actually slowed. Of seven children characterized by dramatically slow developmental rates, five also had associated disorders displayed by the first case. All of the identified subjects were female. To objectively measure the age of blood tissue from these subjects, we used a highly accurate biomarker of aging known as "epigenetic clock" based on DNA methylation levels. No statistically significant differences in chronological and epigenetic ages were detected in any of the newly discovered cases. Our study shows that a) there are multiple children who maintain the façade of persistent toddler ‐ like features while aging from birth to young adulthood and b) blood tissue from these cases is not younger than expected.
on in in A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial.

A cluster-randomized clinical trial showed that biannual single-dose azithromycin reduced mortality in preschool children; we sought to determine the effect on anemia. A simple random sample of 30 communities from Kilosa district, Tanzania, were themselves randomized to receive either 6-monthly treatment of children aged 1 – 59 months with single-dose azithromycin or placebo. From each community, 40 preschool children were randomly selected at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. At surveys, the children underwent hemoglobin testing; WHO de ﬁ nitions for anemia were applied. After adjusting for community clustering, the prevalence of anemia was not signi ﬁ cantly different by treatment assignment at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. In each of the cross-sectional surveys, anemia prevalence was associated with younger age; the odds of being anemic was highest in those aged < 12 months. There was also a general decrease in the prevalence of anemia during the study. Although azithromycin was not shown to affect anemia, signi ﬁ cantly, the study highlights burden of anemia in rural, African communities.
ON THE L p -BRUNN-MINKOWSKI INEQUALITY CONJECTURE FOR n ≥ 2 AND p ∈ [0 , 1)

A bstract . The L p − Brunn-Minkowski inequality plays a central role in the Brunn-Minkowski theory proposed by Firey [13] in 60’s and devel-oped by Lutwak [26, 27] in 90’s, which generalizes the classical Brunn-Minkowski inequality by L p − sum of convex bodies. The inequality has been established by Firey for p > 1 and later been conjectured by B¨or¨oczky-Lutwak-Yang-Zhang [5] for p ∈ [0 , 1). (see also [23, 7]) The validity of this conjecture was veriﬁed for the planar case in [5], and for the higher dimensional case when p closing to 1 by Chen-Huang-Li-Liu [7](see also a local version by Kolesnikov-Milman [23]). In this paper, we will give a proof to this full conjecture for all p ∈ [0 , 1).
Normalized insured losses caused by windstorms in Quebec and Ontario, Canada, in the period 2008-2021

Severe windstorms pose threats to people, human-made structures, and the environment. An investigation of insured losses caused by windstorms is a multipurpose study that serves to advance the resilience and sustainability of modern communities. The present study proposes a systematic analysis of insured losses imposed by different types of windstorms in two Canadian provinces, Ontario (ON) and Quebec (QC), during the period 2008-2021. Actual wind damage data from the Canadian insurance market were considered in this study. Our calculations show that ON and QC received half of all wind catastrophes across Canada, and nearly three-quarters of all types of catastrophes in ON and QC were wind-related ones. The total windstorm loss of over CA$5.2 billion was not evenly distributed between QC and ON, but rather had a QC:ON ratio of 1:3.1. We attributed this discrepancy in the inflicted damage between two provinces to the predominantly eastward and northeastward storm trajectories and the higher density of wealth and population in ON. Convective storms were the most devastating wind type comprising nearly 65% and 67% of the total number of events and associated damage, respectively. Finally, tornadoes had the highest average loss per event in two provinces combined. Future prospects and the implication of this research are also discussed.
On-Chip Detection of Electronuclear Transitions in the 
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 Multilevel

The properties of rare-earth elements diluted in non-magnetic crystals make them a promising candidate for a quantum memory due to their limited Hilbert space. The control and readout of the qubit states require a highly sensitive measurement and large coupling of the spin ensemble with the electro-magnetic mode of a superconducting resonator. We report sensitive detection of forbidden transitions of electronuclear states from the minority species of $^{155}$Gd and $^{157}$Gd isotopes which opens the possibility of connecting quantum states with very different spin projections. Cavity perturbation measurements seen in the reflected signal allows the detection of about 7.6$\times10^{7}$ spins and the measurement of spin decoherence rate and spin-photon coupling strength.
Complementing Semi-Supervised Learning with Uncertainty Quantification

The problem of fully supervised classification is that it requires a tremendous amount of annotated data, however, in many datasets a large portion of data is unlabeled. To alleviate this problem semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages the knowledge of the classifier on the labeled domain and extrapolates it to the unlabeled domain which has a supposedly similar distribution as annotated data. Recent success on SSL methods crucially hinges on thresholded pseudo labeling and thereby consistency regularization for the unlabeled domain. However, the existing methods do not incorporate the uncertainty of the pseudo labels or unlabeled samples in the training process which are due to the noisy labels or out of distribution samples owing to strong augmentations. Inspired by the recent developments in SSL, our goal in this paper is to propose a novel unsupervised uncertainty-aware objective that relies on aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty quantification. Complementing the recent techniques in SSL with the proposed uncertainty-aware loss function our approach outperforms or is on par with the state-of-the-art over standard SSL benchmarks while being computationally lightweight. Our results outperform the state-of-the-art results on complex datasets such as CIFAR-100 and Mini-ImageNet.
Towards Fairness-Aware Multi-Objective Optimization

Recent years have seen the rapid development of fairness-aware machine learning in mitigating unfairness or discrimination in decision-making in a wide range of applications. However, much less attention has been paid to the fairness-aware multi-objective optimization, which is indeed commonly seen in real life, such as fair resource allocation problems and data driven multi-objective optimization problems. This paper aims to illuminate and broaden our understanding of multi-objective optimization from the perspective of fairness. To this end, we start with a discussion of user preferences in multi-objective optimization and then explore its relationship to fairness in machine learning and multi-objective optimization. Following the above discussions, representative cases of fairness-aware multiobjective optimization are presented, further elaborating the importance of fairness in traditional multi-objective optimization, data-driven optimization and federated optimization. Finally, challenges and opportunities in fairness-aware multi-objective optimization are addressed. We hope that this article makes a small step forward towards understanding fairness in the context of optimization and promote research interest in fairness-aware multi-objective optimization.
Overview of the Remote Sensing Observations from PSP Solar Encounter 10 with Perihelion at 13.3 R ⊙

The closest perihelion pass of Parker Solar Probe (PSP), so far, occurred between 2021 November 16 and 26 and reached ∼13.29 R ☉ from Sun center. This pass resulted in very unique observations of the solar corona by the Wide-field Instrument for Solar PRobe (WISPR). WISPR observed at least 10 coronal mass ejections (CMEs), some of which were so close that the structures appear distorted. All of the CMEs appeared to have a magnetic flux rope (MFR) structure, and most were oriented such that the view was along the axis orientation, revealing very complex interiors. Two CMEs had a small MFR develop in the interior, with a bright circular boundary surrounding a very dark interior. Trailing the larger CMEs were substantial outflows of small blobs and flux-rope-like structures within striated ribbons, lasting for many hours. When the heliospheric plasma sheet was inclined, as it was during the days around perihelion on 2021 November 21, the outflow was over a very wide latitude range. One CME was overtaken by a faster one, with a resultant compression of the rear of the leading CME and an unusual expansion in the trailing CME. The small Thomson surface creates brightness variations of structures as they pass through the field of view. In addition to this dynamic activity, a brightness band from excess dust along the orbit of asteroid/comet 3200 Phaethon is also seen for several days.
Optimising MWA EoR data processing for improved 21-cm power spectrum measurements—fine-tuning ionospheric corrections

Abstract The redshifted cosmological 21-cm signal emitted by neutral hydrogen during the first billion years of the universe is much fainter relative to other galactic and extragalactic radio emissions, posing a great challenge towards detection of the signal. Therefore, precise instrumental calibration is a vital prerequisite for the success of radio interferometers such as the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), which aim for a 21-cm detection. Over the previous years, novel calibration techniques targeting the power spectrum paradigm of EoR science have been actively researched and where possible implemented. Some of these improvements, for the MWA, include the accuracy of sky models used in calibration and the treatment of ionospheric effects, both of which introduce unwanted contamination to the EoR window. Despite sophisticated non-traditional calibration algorithms being continuously developed over the years to incorporate these methods, the large datasets needed for EoR measurements require high computational costs, leading to trade-offs that impede making use of these new tools to maximum benefit. Using recently acquired computation resources for the MWA, we test the full capabilities of the state-of-the-art calibration techniques available for the MWA EoR project, with a focus on both direction-dependent and direction-independent calibration. Specifically, we investigate improvements that can be made in the vital calibration stages of sky modelling, ionospheric correction, and compact source foreground subtraction as applied in the hybrid foreground mitigation approach (one that combines both foreground subtraction and avoidance). Additionally, we investigate a method of ionospheric correction using interpolated ionospheric phase screens and assess its performance in the power spectrum space. Overall, we identify a refined RTS calibration configuration that leads to an at least 2 factor reduction of the EoR window power contamination at the $0.1 \; \textrm{hMpc}^{-1}$ scale. The improvement marks a step further towards detecting the 21-cm signal using the MWA and the forthcoming SKA low telescope.