Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementary material to "A comprehensive characterization of ice nucleation by three different types of cellulose particles immersed in water: lessons learned and future research directions"

Abstract. We present the laboratory results of immersion freezing efficiencies of cellulose particles at supercooled temperature (T) conditions. Three types of chemically homogeneous cellulose samples are used as surrogates that represent supermicron and submicron ice nucleating plant structural polymers. These samples include micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC), fibrous cellulose (FC) and nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC). Our experimental data show that particles resembling the MCC lab particle occur also in the atmosphere. Our immersion freezing dataset includes data from various ice nucleation measurement techniques available at seventeen different institutions, including nine dry dispersion and eleven aqueous suspension techniques. With a total of twenty methods, we performed systematic accuracy and precision analysis of measurements from all twenty measurement techniques by evaluating T-binned (1 °C) data over a wide T range (−36 °C
Identification of auctions with incomplete bid data in the presence of unobserved heterogeneity

This paper derives novel nonparametric identification results for auction models with incomplete bid data and finite unobserved heterogeneity (UH). By exploiting the Markov property of order statistics, I show that the joint distribution of bidders’ valuations and the UH is point identified from an incomplete set of bids. The result holds if the econometrician either observes (any) five order statistics of the bids in each auction or only three along with an instrument, and without imposing any functional form restriction on how the UH affects valuations. This data structure is encountered in many empirical settings, such as ascending auctions in which the winner’s bid is usually not observed. I establish these results under weak distributional assumptions. For second price auctions, the result holds generically over the space of possible distributions of valuations and UH, and for first price auctions, it holds when the conditional distribution of valuations varies monotonically with the UH in the reverse hazard rate order. I show that identification can be extended to settings where the number of potential bidders is unobserved, as is often the case in online auctions. Finally, I provide easily implementable nonparametric estimation procedures, and simulation results show that they perform well for samples of moderate size. *I thank my committee, Ivan Canay, Robert Porter and Alexander Torgovitsky for their help and encouragement over the course of this project. Eric Auerbach, Vivek Bhattacharya, Sofya Budonova, Denis Chetverikov, Joel Horowitz, Gaston Illanes, Caleb Kwon, Matthew Leisten, Charles Manski, Matthew Masten, Mar Reguant, Alex Theisen, Daniel Wilhelm, and Gabriel Ziegler provided useful thoughts and comments. †Department of Economics, Northwestern University. ericmbakop2011@u.northwestern. edu
Global mortality associated with seasonal influenza epidemics: New burden estimates and predictors from the GLaMOR Project

Background Until recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the annual mortality burden of influenza to be 250 000 to 500 000 all-cause deaths globally; however, a 2017 study indicated a substantially higher mortality burden, at 290 000-650 000 influenza-associated deaths from respiratory causes alone, and a 2019 study estimated 99 000-200 000 deaths from lower respiratory tract infections directly caused by influenza. Here we revisit global and regional estimates of influenza mortality burden and explore mortality trends over time and geography. Methods We compiled influenza-associated excess respiratory mortality estimates for 31 countries representing 5 WHO regions during 2002-2011. From these we extrapolated the influenza burden for all 193 countries of the world using a multiple imputation approach. We then used mixed linear regression models to identify factors associated with high seasonal influenza mortality burden, including influenza types and subtypes, health care and socio-demographic development indicators, and baseline mortality levels. Results We estimated an average of 389 000 (uncertainty range 294 000-518 000) respiratory deaths were associated with influenza globally each year during the study period, corresponding to ~ 2% of all annual respiratory deaths. Of these, 67% were among people 65 years and older. Global burden estimates were robust to the choice of countries included in the extrapolation model. For people <65 years, higher baseline respiratory mortality, lower level of access to health care and seasons dominated by the A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype were associated with higher influenza-associated mortality, while lower level of socio-demographic development and A(H3N2) dominance was associated with higher influenza mortality in adults ≥65 years. Conclusions Our global estimate of influenza-associated excess respiratory mortality is consistent with the 2017 estimate, despite a different modelling strategy, and the lower 2019 estimate which only captured deaths directly caused by influenza. Our finding that baseline respiratory mortality and access to health care are associated with influenza-related mortality in persons <65 years suggests that health care improvements in low and middle-income countries might substantially reduce seasonal influenza mortality. Our estimates add to the body of evidence on the variation in influenza burden over time and geography, and begin to address the relationship between influenza-associated mortality, health and development.
An Effective Bayes Based Anomaly Detection Mechanism in Cloud Environment

Now a days Cloud computing plays a vital role in the IT enterprise. Statistical Process Control cloud charts sense routine variances and their root causes are identified based on the differential profiling strategy. Most of the manual overhead incurred in detecting the software variances and the analysis time are reduced to a larger extent but detailed analysis of profiling data are not performed in most of the cases. At the same time, Trusted Computing Base (TCB) of a computing node does not achieve the scalability measure. This work, a Practical Bayes approach studies the problem of detecting software variances and ensures scalability by comparing information at the current time to historical data. GenProg uses an extensive structure of genetic programming to develop a program variant that retains essential functionality but it is not vulnerable to a known deficiency in cloud. The existing software testing suite identifies program defects in cloud environment. Delta debugging and Structural differencing algorithms minimize the dissimilarity among variant and the original program in terms of minimum repair. Subsequently, Defect Localization based on Band (DLB) mechanism is introduced to overcome the defects and rank the different acceptable patches.
An external and internal parasites survey in local chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Wasit Province Zienab

Abstract This study included the detection of external and internal parasites in local chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Wasit province. Seventy-five samples were collected from local markets in governorate for the period between the end of January 2020 and the beginning of April 2021. After examining the chickens, it was found that they were infected with five species of external parasites, with an infection rate of (93.33%). These species included Goniocotes gallinae (17.33%), Goniocotes gigas (20%), Lipeurus caponis (18.66%), Menocanthus stramineus (69.33%), and Menopon gallinae (45.33%). Ten species of internal parasites included five species of cestodes with infection rate (82.66%) types of cestodes Rallietina tetragona (20%), Cotugina sp. (14.66%), Anomotaenia microrhyncha (10.66%), Diplogynia sp. (25.33%), and Tetracisdiocotyla macroscolecina (12%), four species of nematodes four species of with a percent of (30.66%), including Ascaridia galli(1.33%), Ascaridia columbae(24%), Heterakis gallinaru(13.33%), and Capillaria sp. (1.33%); and one type of protozoa include Eimeria sp. (21.33%). This study recorded chicken as the final host of three species of tapeworm (Anomotaenia microrhyncha, Diplogynia sp. and Tetracisdiocotyla macroscolecina) for the first time in Iraq. In this study, statistical analysis showed no significant differences between male and female when infected with ectoparasites and cestodes. As for the infection of nematodes showed founded high significant differences between males and females at the level of probability (P≤0.01) while the infection of protozoa had significant differences at the level of probability (P≤0.05) according to gender.
Running head: Co-development of Shyness and Acculturation The co-development of shyness and acculturation: Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth

Shyness, or inhibition when engaging with unfamiliar others in a social setting is a personality trait that leads to various negative life outcomes (Cheek & Buss, 1981). The present study examined the co-development of shyness and acculturation factors (i.e., English language proficiency, nativity) from age 10 to 16, using data from a large longitudinal study of Mexicanorigin youth (N = 674). Using the EATQ-R shyness scale, I found high rank-order stabilities of shyness across two-year intervals, along with a mean-level decrease in shyness from age 10 to 16. Additionally, I found that higher levels of English language proficiency were associated with lower levels of shyness at age 10. Nativity (born in the U.S. versus Mexico) was not associated with the developmental trajectory of shyness from age 10 to 16. Thus, youth generally decline in shyness during adolescence, particularly those who are more proficient in English.
Dynamic Changes in the Microbiome and Mucosal Immune Microenvironment of the Lower Respiratory Tract by Influenza Virus Infection

Influenza is a major public health concern, and the high mortality rate is largely attributed to secondary bacterial infections. There are several mechanisms through which the virus increases host susceptibility to bacterial colonization, but the micro-environment in lower respiratory tract (LRT) of host, infected with influenza virus, is unclear. To this end, we analyzed the LRT microbiome, transcriptome of lung and metabolome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice inoculated intra-nasally with H1N1 to simulate human influenza, and we observed significant changes in the composition of microbial community and species diversity in the acute (7 days post inoculation or dpi), convalescent (14 dpi) and the recovery (28 dpi) periods. The dominant bacterial class shifted from Alphaproteobacteria to Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the infected mice, with a significant increase in the relative abundance of anaerobes and facultative anaerobes like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. The dysbiosis in the LRT of infected mice was not normalized even in the recovery phase of the infection. In addition, the infected lung transcriptome showed significant differences in the expression levels of genes associated with bacterial infection and immune responses. Finally, the influenza virus infection also resulted in significant changes in the metabolome of the BALF. These alterations in the microbiome, transcriptome, and metabolome of infected lungs were not only appeared at the acute period, but also observed at the recovery period. Furthermore, the infection of influenza virus induced a long-term effect in LRT micro-environmental homeostasis, which may give a chance for the invasion of potential pathogens.
ELBOW ISOKINETIC RATIO AND REACHING ABILITY IN HEMIPARETIC CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN

Objective: to detect the relation between agonist antagonist ratio of elbow muscles and functional abilities of upper limb in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Methods: Thirty children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy aged (5-7) years, enrolled from outpatient clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University and assigned into two groups. control group (A) received designed physical therapy program for one hour while study group (B) received the same designed physical therapy program in addition to strengthening exercise program for triceps brachii muscle for six weeks three sessions per week. The ratio of elbow muscles was evaluated by the biodex isokinetic dynamometer prior and after six weeks of intervention. Functional abilities were evaluated by Peabody Developmental Motor Scale. Results: There was significant increase (p <0.05) in standard score and significant reduction in extension/flexion ratio (p <0.05) in group (B) more than group (A) but there was non-significant difference in agonist antagonist ratio of elbow muscles with post treatment values of both groups. Conclusions: balance between agonist and antagonist muscles of elbow joint can maximize muscle strength and improve functional abilities through triceps brachii strengthening program but the ratio has non-significant effect on the functional abilities of the upper limb.
Bank Competition and Economic Growth: The short-run and long-run effects

This paper provides rather scares evidence on the nexus between bank competition and economic growth in a unique developing economy; Sri Lanka for the period 1996-2018. The effect of competition in the Sri Lankan banking sector on economic growth, and the mechanisms through which competition affects growth are analyzed in the present paper. The VEC model used in this study was aimed at capturing independently the short and long-term effect of bank competition on economic growth. The competition is measured with Pazar-Ross HStatistics. Contrary to the common wisdom, the study found evidence for negative effects of bank competition, on economic growth in the short run. However, in the long run, this effect is strong and positive. Further, the statistical results of this paper revealed that higher bank competition channels economic growth through interest rate and bank efficiency. These findings have important policy implications as it gives great insight into the complexity of competition related conduct in developing countries.
A Model in Building the Quality of Graduates Based on Organizational Culture and Partnership

The number of public and private vocational school graduates in the Greater Bandung area who are absorbed and working is still below ideal, around 57%. Nationally, SMK graduates who are able to enter the workforce are ideally 80% -85%. This fact shows that there are problems in the quality of graduates. This is thought to be related to organizational culture and partnership issues. This study aims to examine the influence of organizational culture and partnerships on the quality of SMK graduates. The research method used is a survey method, namely verification. The unit of analysis is the Public and Private Vocational High Schools in the Greater Bandung area, West Java Province. The observation unit is the leadership of public and private vocational schools. The research sample was 280 vocational high schools in 3 (three) areas of the City of Bandung Raya, West Java Province. The sampling technique used proportional allocation stratified random sampling. The analytical tool used to test the hypothesis is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through the Lisrel software. The results of this study indicate that the importance of developing organizational culture as a pillar of improving the quality of graduates is supported by partnerships.
Estimating dengue transmission intensity from serological data: A comparative analysis using mixture and catalytic models

Background. Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a global health concern of increasing magnitude. To target intervention strategies, accurate estimates of the force of infection (FOI) are necessary. Catalytic models have been widely used to estimate DENV FOI and rely on a binary classification of serostatus as seropositive or seronegative, according to pre-defined antibody thresholds. Previous work has demonstrated the use of thresholds can cause serostatus misclassification and biased estimates. In contrast, mixture models do not rely on thresholds and use the full distribution of antibody titres. To date, there has been limited application of mixture models to estimate DENV FOI. Methods. We compare the application of mixture models and time-constant and time-varying catalytic models to simulated data and to serological data collected in Vietnam from 2004 to 2009 (N [≥] 2178) and Indonesia in 2014 (N = 3194). Results. The simulation study showed greater estimate bias from the time-constant and time-varying catalytic models (FOI bias = 1.3% (0.05%, 4.6%) and 2.3% (0.06%, 7.8%), seroprevalence bias = 3.1% (0.25%, 9.4%) and 2.9% (0.26%, 8.7%), respectively) than from the mixture model (FOI bias = 0.41% (95% CI 0.02%, 2.7%), seroprevalence bias = 0.11% (0.01%, 3.6%)). When applied to real data from Vietnam, the mixture model frequently produced higher FOI and seroprevalence estimates than the catalytic models. Conclusions. Our results suggest mixture models represent valid, potentially less biased, alternatives to catalytic models, which could be particularly useful when estimating FOI and seroprevalence in low transmission settings, where serostatus misclassification tends to be higher.
Disinformation in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic: topics, platforms, and actors

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta os principais temas, plataformas e atores envolvidos na disseminação de desinformação sobre a Covid-19 no Brasil. Analisamos 407 textos classificados como falsos pelas agências de fact-checking que integram a plataforma colaborativa Latam Chequea Coronavirus. O corpus se refere ao início da pandemia, e por isso inclui conteúdos publicados de 15 de março a 21 de julho de 2020. Por meio de análise de conteúdo, descobrimos que o tópico mais frequente é a política (25,55%), seguido de cura (20,64%), dados (19,66%) e contágio (18,43%). Em relação aos sentidos das publicações, obtidos por meio de análise qualitativa de 300 textos, identificamos que as principais narrativas buscam favorecer o presidente Jair Bolsonaro e suas convicções a respeito da pandemia. Praticamente a metade dos casos (48,34%) utiliza, como estratégia, a produção de falso contexto, quando uma imagem genuína ou um fato verdadeiro é deslocado de seu contexto original para gerar uma inverdade. Também estão no entorno do presidente os atores que com frequência espalham desinformação sobre a pandemia nas redes sociais digitais. Em 60 textos nos quais foi possível identificar os atores com potencial de ampliar a profusão de conteúdo falso, o deputado federal Osmar Terra se apresenta como uma figura central, ao lado de Bolsonaro e seus filhos. Nosso levantamento ainda mostra que a desinformação circula principalmente no Facebook e no WhatsApp, muitas vezes simultaneamente nesses espaços e em outras redes sociais. Texto e imagem são os formatos mais recorrentes.
Correlates between sexual desire and disposition to sexual fantasies with inhibitory control and cognitive planning in young Colombians

Publica con nosotros Abstract Objective: the research was oriented to investigate the correlation between some executive functions (inhibitory control, risk-benefit calculation, cognitive flexibility, the planning ability, and decision making) and the general, dyadic and solitary sexual desire, sexual desire inhibition and disposition to sexual fantasies in a 17-to-30-year-old people sample. Method: An observational cross-sectional study in a purposive sample of 64 young college students, aged between17 and -30, who were in a couple relationship at the time of the study and gave their consent for their participation in the research. The participants completed the Neuropsychological Battery of Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes tasks (BANFE for its abbreviation in was administered the Inhibited Desire Test, Desire Inventory (SDI-2) and the Scale of Attitude Towards Sexual Fantasies. Results: The results indicate a correlation between the executive functions and sexual desire; it was found a correlation between total and dyadic sexual desire and disposition towards sexual fantasies with inhibitory control; and the inhibited sexual desire was correlated to planning ability Discussion: Although the study presents some methodological limitations (size of the sample and need of a more rigorous validation of instruments in the Colombian population), the results confirm previous research findings, allowing to formulate new hypotheses in the field of sexuality and neurosciences. The study findings draw attention to the educational implications aimed to develop the executive functions in adolescents and young people to prevent risky sexual behavior. negative moderate correlation between inhibited sexual desire and disposition sexual indicating that a higher sexual inhibition is associated to a lower disposition towards sexual fantasies. These results match other research indicate the negative correlation between sexual desire inhibition and intimate and exploratory sexual fantasies Likewise, the research by Nutter & Condron 1985) state that both women and men with inhibited sexual desire fantasize less during foreplay, coitus, masturbation and general sleep than the individuals of control group. In addition, these results indicate the importance of educational promotion of skills related to executive functioning, such as inhibitory control, decision making, problem solving and planning during adolescence and early adulthood as one of the preventive strategies for addictive behaviors related to sex.
Corporate Social Responsibility Performance and Tax Aggressiveness of Listed Industrial and Consumer Goods Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

Firms are poised to employ corporate strategies to reduce tax burden through aggressive tax methods. The expectation on the conduct of firms’ business in a manner that is beneficial to the society is equally high using corporate social responsibility. This research investigated the relationship between corporate social responsibility performance and tax aggressiveness of listed industrial and consumer goods manufacturing firms in Nigeria during the period 2014 to 2018. A sample size of 40 listed manufacturing firms selected from the sampling frame were analysed with the use of panel data in accordance with the multiple ANOVA specification techniques.The results generally showed a negative and significant relationship on the variables investigated. The showed that tax aggressive listed industrial and consumer goods manufacturing firms may unlikely sustain the performance of their corporate social responsibilities. Our study recommended that accounting personnel in listed industrial and consumer goods manufacturing firms in Nigeria should check and cut down on the practice of tax aggressiveness and also advice company management to do the same, since it has negative effect on corporate social performance.