Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation and Regression Relationships between Main Grain Quality Characteristics in Bread Winter Wheat

The aim of the study was to estimate the correlation and regression relationships between main quality characteristics in winter bread wheat genotypes and to determine criteria for selection that could be used to identify desirable genotypes with high grain quality. The following quality characters of grain were measured: thousand grain weight (TWG, g), test weight (TW, kg/hl), vitreousness (V, %), crude protein content in grain (CP, %), wet gluten content (WG, %), dry gluten content (DG, %), sedimentation value (SV, cm 3 ), bread making strength index (BSI), gluten weakness (GW, mm) and fermentation value (FV, min). The study revealed positive significant correlation of WG, BSI and DG with CP. WG correlated significantly and positively with BSI, SV and DG. The relationships of FV with SV and DG were also positive. SV correlated positively and significantly with DG. DG and BSC exhibited the highest positive direct effect on CP. DG showed the highest positive direct effect on WG. CP and GW exhibited the highest positive and negative direct effects on the BSI. V and DG had the high positive direct effect on SV. CP and V had the highest positive direct effects on DG. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that, DG and BSI were the most potent predictor variables for CP. DG was the most potent predictor variables for WG, while 72.9% of the total variation in the SV was explained by V and FV. The results of this study will be of benefit for the bread wheat breeding programs.
Linguistic Realizations of Metadiscourse in Advertising Slogans: A Case Study of McDonald’s

ABSTRCT This paper conducts an empirical study on the linguistic realizations of metadiscourse markers in advertising slogans. A database of 162 McDonalds’ slogans was built to examine the subcategories and frequencies, and linguistic realizations of metadiscourse used in the data. In terms of the use of metadiscourse, it was found that interactional metadiscourse accounted for a remarkably higher proportion among the metadiscourse used in McDonald’s slogans, particularly engagement markers, attitude markers, and self-mentions. Further elaborations were given as to the linguistic realizations of different metadiscourse subcategories. The use of the above metadiscourse markers contributes to the persuasive function of the advertising slogans through pathos and ethos. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the persuasive function of metadiscourse in advertising slogans.
A Path-Analytic Study into Foreign Language Enjoyment, Willingness to Communicate in English, Self-Efficacy, and Academic Achievement

This paper reports on a study that intended to (a) reveal the extent of English Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ foreign language enjoyment (FLE), their self-efficacy, and willingness to communicate (WTC) in English, and (b) try out a hypothesized model to find out whether FLE, self-efficacy and academic achievement predict learners WTC in English. A total of 257 tertiary-level Turkish EFL students participated in the study. The data were collected through three quantitative scales to elicit the constructs in question as well as the participants’ English achievement test scores. Analysis of the data included the use of descriptive statistics to present the students’ WTC, FLE, and self-efficacy levels while a path analysis was performed to verify the hypothesized model. The results showed that the participants had a moderate level of WTC and self-efficacy, and a favorable amount of FLE. More prominently, path analysis results revealed that FLE and English achievement predicted self-efficacy, and self-efficacy predicted WTC to a significant extent. In addition, FLE and English achievement indirectly affected WTC through the mediation of self-efficacy. FLE was also found to be a significant predictor of English achievement.
Variance reduction techniques: Experimental comparison and analysis for single systems

We provide a thorough analysis of the effectiveness of different Variance Reduction Techniques (VRTs). We consider both stand-alone and combined applications of two input techniques, Antithetic Variates (AV) and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS), and two output techniques, Control Variates (CV) and Poststratified Sampling (PS). Previous research in the area mainly focuses on asymptotic variance reduction. In this experimental study, we measure the performance of VRTs under finite simulation run lengths and analyze their effects. Our findings show that the asymptotic variance reduction results do not readily apply to finite-length simulations. We consider three different types of systems (M/M/1, serial production line and (s, S) inventory control systems) and compare the VRTs under various experimental conditions. We observe that a variance reduction cannot be guaranteed for every instance a VRT is applied. Our results also indicate that the output VRTs (CV, PS) are better than input VRTs (AV, LHS) on the average for the single systems considered in this study. More interestingly, the less-sophisticated techniques (AV, CV) often perform better than the relatively more-complex techniques (LHS, PS). A comprehensive bibliography is also provided.
Monalizumab e�cacy correlates with HLA-E surface expression and NK cell activity in head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines

Purpose NKG2A, an inhibitory receptor expressed on NK cells and T cells, leads to immune evasion by binding to HLA-E expressed on cancer cells. Here, we investigated the relationship between HLA-E surface expression on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and the e�cacy of monalizumab, an NKG2A inhibitor, in promoting NK cell activity. Methods Six HNSCC cell lines were used as target cells. After exposure to IFN- γ , HLA-E surface expression on HNSCC cell lines was measured by �ow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and isolated NK cells were used as effector cells. NK cells were stimulated by treatment with IL-2 and IL-15 for 5 days, and NK cell-induced cytotoxicity was analyzed by CD107a degranulation and 51 Cr release assays.
Evolution of Griffith's phase in La0.4Bi0.6Mn1−xTixO3 perovskite oxide

Samples of La0.4Bi0. 6Mn1−xTixO3 have been prepared and their microstructure, composition, and magnetic properties have been investigated for x = 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5. The deviation in the inverse susceptibility behavior from Curie-Weiss law and increase in susceptibility exponent indicates the evolution of the Griffith's phase in La0.4Bi0. 6Mn1−xTixO3 around TC. The presence of Griffith's Phase is inferred due to magnetic frustration with increasing Ti concentration. The deviation between field cooled and zero field cooled magnetization curves is observed in these samples and is attributed to the appearance of the spin glass or cluster glass state that arises due to the magnetic anisotropy.
Time-Uniform Self-Normalized Concentration for Vector-Valued Processes

Self-normalized processes arise naturally in many statistical tasks. While self-normalized concentration has been extensively studied for scalar-valued processes, there is less work on multidimensional processes outside of the sub-Gaussian setting. In this work, we construct a general, self-normalized inequality for $\mathbb{R}^d$-valued processes that satisfy a simple yet broad"sub-$\psi$"tail condition, which generalizes assumptions based on cumulant generating functions. From this general inequality, we derive an upper law of the iterated logarithm for sub-$\psi$ vector-valued processes, which is tight up to small constants. We demonstrate applications in prototypical statistical tasks, such as parameter estimation in online linear regression and auto-regressive modeling, and bounded mean estimation via a new (multivariate) empirical Bernstein concentration inequality.
The Cobwebs of Ophiuchus. I. Strands of 13CO: The Mass Distribution

A 4.5 deg x 6.5 deg area of the Rho Ophiuchus molecular complex has been mapped in J = 1-0 (C-13)O with a 2.4 arcmin beam. The spatial distribution of (C-13)O, the distribution of clumps according to size, mass, density, and kinetic temperature are described. The distribution of material in the cloud is compared with the magnetic field distribution and with a shocked cloud model. Evidence supporting the role of shock in the cloud is found in the cloud morphology. 48 references.
Numerical simulation of the formation of a spiral galaxy

A simulation is described in which the numerical galaxy formed compares favourably in every measurable respect with contemporary bright spiral galaxies, including the formation of a distinct stellar bulge and large scale spiral arm shocks in the gas component. This is achieved in spite of the fact that only idealized proto{galactic initial conditions were used, and only simple phenomenological prescriptions for the physics of the interstellar medium (ISM) and star formation were implemented. In light of the emphasis in recent literature on the importance of the link between galaxy formation and models of the universe on cosmological scales, on the details of the physics of the ISM and star formation, and on apparent problems therein, the implications of this result are discussed.
Varieties of groups and isologisms

Abstract In order to classify solvable groups Philip Hall introduced in 1939 the concept of isoclinism. Subsequently he defined a more general notion called isologism. This is so to speak isoclinism with respect to a certain variety of groups. The equivalence relation isologism partitions the class of all groups into families. The present paper is concerned with the internal structure of these families.
Brocess capability with asymmetric tolerances

Many widely-used statistical packages and recent authors addressing process capability apply Cpm in cases where tolerances are asymmetric. This can misrepresent process capability, andpoints to the need to apply appropriate capability measures in the asymmetric case. We compare andcontrast six relatively unfamiliar capability indices appropriate for asymmetric tolerances to givethem greater visibility and to help potential users choose among them. For some of these indicesmethods of estimation from process data have not been published; work on this is deferred to subsequent papers
Political Elites in False Statements on the Internet

Political elites play a critical role in driving engagement with misinformation on the internet. However, an understanding of the strategies with which the political left and right attempt to harness animosity toward political elites in their misinformation stories is missing. To this end, we collected a comprehensive dataset consisting of 35,014 true and false statements that have been fact-checked by renowned fact-checking organizations (e.g., snopes.com) between 2008 and 2023, i.e., within an observation period of 15 years. Subsequently, we perform content analysis and explanatory regression modeling to analyze how veracity is linked to mentions of US political elites (Republicans and Democrats) in fact-checked statements. Our analysis yields four main findings: (i) False statements are, on average, 20% more likely to mention political elites than true statements. (ii) However, there is a partisan asymmetry such that false statements are 88.1% more likely to mention Democrats, but 26.5% less likely to mention Republicans. (iii) Mentions of political elites in false statements reach the highest level during the months preceding elections. (iiii) False statements that mention political elites carry stronger other-condemning emotions. In sum, these empirical findings shed new light on the connection between online misinformation and political elites -- and suggest that authors of misinformation frequently harness animosity toward the political out-groups in their misinformation stories.
Velocity weakening friction: A renormalization approach

The frictional response when a two-dimensional elastic body, under a steady antiplane shearing, slides over a rigid frictional surface is solved using a real-space renormalization technique. The model is mapped onto iterations of the classical Burridge-Knopoff chain model. A velocity weakening friction law is assumed for the interactions between the rigid interface and the elastic slider. Through the renormalization approach, we specifically study the coupling between the bulk elastic response of the slider and the friction at the interface level. The frictional system is characterized by its mechanical response in terms of mean friction force opposed to a prescribed constant velocity. The response is shown to differ strongly from the interface friction law. Under renormalization, the response converges toward an apparent dynamical Coulomb's friction law, with distinct static and dynamic coefficients. This result provides some new insight in the “ubiquity” of Coulomb's friction law. On the base of this model, the experimental observability of velocity weakening friction laws and their scaling to seismically active system are discussed. The main result is that velocity weakening friction law is scale dependent. Within the assumptions of the model, the friction law at the scale of the system appears to be rather insensitive to the exact form of the friction at local scale on the interface.
Observations of low‐latitude electron precipitation

Low-latitude electron precipitation outside the well-known region of the trapped Van Allen radiation belt has been known for some time, as has the occurrence of equatorial aurora. Observation by the Spacelab 1 electron spectrometer, working between 0.1 and 12.5 keV electron energy has revealed an unexpectedly high occurrence rate and flux intensity for these events. Data were analysed for 16 orbital passes, between +- 30 latitude, outside the South Atlantic anomaly. Many precipitation events with flux levels above 2 x 10/sup 4/ el cm/sup -2/ sr/sup -1/ were observed, each consisting of two separate electron populations (1) a low-energy component (0.1--1 keV) with a power law spectrum, and (2) a high-energy component (1--12.5 keV) with a distinct flattening of spectral slope, sometimes with a peak, and exhibiting a ''flare-up'' behavior on a maximum time scale of 1.5 hours. Detailed study of the four orbital passes which of 1.5 hours. Detailed study of the four detected the most intense fluxes (>3 1- to 12.5-keV electrons showed intensity minima at the magnetic equator, with peaks on either side (Lapprox.1.12) and pitch angle distributions that indicate a significant nontrapped population. The observations place a lower limit of approx.0.1 Vm/sup -1/ on the peakmore » electric fields responsible for acceleration of the electrons. copyright American Geophysical Union 1988« less
Significant ferrimagnetisms observed in superlattice composed of antiferromagnetic LaFeO3 and YMnO3

A series of LaFeO3/YMnO3 superlattices with various thicknesses are synthesized epitaxially on (001) and (111) SrTiO3 substrates. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, and sub-nanometer-scale resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy characterizations prove that grown superlattices have designed layer-by-layer structures, and there is atomically sharp interface between two successive constituent layers. Temperature-dependent magnetization and magnetic hysteresis loop measurements substantiate that there is significant ferrimagnetism generated at LaFeO3/YMnO3 interfaces. The generated ferrimagnetism is discussed by considering the magnetic structures in each constituent layer.
A decomposition theorem of the Möbius energy I: Decomposition and Möbius invariance

The Möbius energy, defined for closed curves embedded in R, is decomposed into three parts. It is called the Möbius energy since it is invariant under Möbius transformations. An alternative proof of the Möbius invariance is given using the decomposition. Furthermore the invariance of each part of decomposition is discussed.
Mobility and screening effect in heavily doped accumulation-mode metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors

Measurements made on heavily doped n-channel accumulation-mode planar metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) reveal that the channel mobility can reach values significantly higher than the bulk mobility at the same doing level. This effect is attributed to a screening effect: in the accumulation channel, the high concentration of the majority carriers brings about an electrostatic screening effect that reduces impurity coulomb scattering. As a result, mobility values that can reach twice the value expected in the bulk material are observed in the accumulation channel.
Unseen Image Synthesis with Diffusion Models

While the current trend in the generative field is scaling up towards larger models and more training data for generalized domain representations, we go the opposite direction in this work by synthesizing unseen domain images without additional training. We do so via latent sampling and geometric optimization using pre-trained and frozen Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) on single-domain datasets. Our key observation is that DDPMs pre-trained even just on single-domain images are already equipped with sufficient representation abilities to reconstruct arbitrary images from the inverted latent encoding following bi-directional deterministic diffusion and denoising trajectories. This motivates us to investigate the statistical and geometric behaviors of the Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) samples from unseen image domains in the latent spaces along the denoising chain. Notably, we theoretically and empirically show that the inverted OOD samples also establish Gaussians that are distinguishable from the original In-Domain (ID) samples in the intermediate latent spaces, which allows us to sample from them directly. Geometrical domain-specific and model-dependent information of the unseen subspace (e.g., sample-wise distance and angles) is used to further optimize the sampled OOD latent encodings from the estimated Gaussian prior. We conduct extensive analysis and experiments using pre-trained diffusion models (DDPM, iDDPM) on different datasets (AFHQ, CelebA-HQ, LSUN-Church, and LSUN-Bedroom), proving the effectiveness of this novel perspective to explore and re-think the diffusion models' data synthesis generalization ability.
Asymptotic Solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi Equations with Semi-Periodic Hamiltonians

We study the long time behavior of viscosity solutions of the Cauchy problem for Hamilton–Jacobi equations in ℝ n . We prove that if the Hamiltonian H(x, p) is coercive and strictly convex in a mild sense in p and upper semi-periodic in x, then any solution of the Cauchy problem “converges” to an asymptotic solution for any lower semi-almost periodic initial function.
Validity and Applicability of Two Simple Hysteresis Models to Assess Progressive Seismic Damage in R/c Asymmetric Buildings

The coupled lateral-torsional vibration in R/C asymmetric structures under seismic loading leads to larger lateral deformation in the load-resisting elements located at one edge, compared to the other resisting elements. This may cause earlier yielding of the elements of that edge in localized form. Strength and stiffness degradation due to successive inelastic excursions of these R/C structural elements at one edge may make these elements more flexible and weaker as compared to those at the opposite edge. This may cause progressive shifting of stiffness and strength centres away from this flexible edge, leading to consequent increase of effective eccentricity in successive loading cycles. This, in turn, causes a progressive increase in torsional effect in R/C structures. This damaging effect cannot be predicted by using the bilinear hysteresis models devoid of degradation characteristics. Existing sophisticated hysteresis models representing the degrading behaviour of the R/C structural load-resisting elements require a number of parameters to be specified, the evaluation of which requires extremely case-specific calibration study. In this context, the present paper studies the suitability of two alternative simplified hysteresis models, which are capable of predicting the strength and stiffness degrading behaviours with simple input parameters. Responses of idealized asymmetric R/C building systems are studied using these two hysteresis models under design spectrum-consistent synthetic ground motions and idealized near-fault ground motions. The comparison between the responses of the R/C asymmetric structures with deteriorating structural elements and the similar structures having elasto-plastic structural elements proves the suitability of the proposed models in recognizing the progressive damaging effect of torsion in R/C asymmetric buildings.
Dielectric and nonlinear electrical behaviors observed in Mn-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramic

We present a remarkable effect of Mn doping on the dielectric and nonlinear electric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. The results indicate that only 2.5at. % Mn doping can suppress the dielectric permitivity in CaCu3Ti4O12 by up to two orders of magnitude (from 104 to 102), and the nonlinear varistor characteristics disappear completely, which should be mainly ascribed to the decrease of potential barrier height at the grain boundary and charge compensation for the conduction electrons caused by the Mn doping.
Quantifiers as negative markers in Italian dialects

In this work we consider the diachronic development of two distinct types of negative markers, those originally stemming from minimizers (m-negation) and those originally deriving from a negative quantifier (q-negation). We provide evidence in favor of the hypothesis that, despite appearances, they do not follow the same grammaticalization path. We claim that the distinct syntactic position of the two types of negation in the modern dialects depends on the distinct evolution path they have taken, which in turn depends on their original properties. While minimizers change their position during the grammaticalization cline, q-negation stays in the same position throughout the whole process. If this is correct, it means that Jespersen’s cycle is not syntactically homogenous and that the result of a postverbal negative marker can be achieved by means of various strategies.
3D modelling of a non-linear anisotropic lamination

We propose, in this paper, a 3D magnetic field calculation method, when there are iron-air laminations in the domain. This model is applied to a variational finite element method, using a scalar potential. The iron non-linearity is considered and a Newton-Raphson method for this 3D anisotropic problem is developed.
The origin of the mass, disk-to-halo mass ratio, and L-V relation of spiral galaxies

A model is presented in which spiral galaxies only form when t(c) is roughly equal to t(f) in a hot component of the protogalactic gas. This assumption, along with a disk stability criterion, predicts a range of spiral galaxy masses roughly consistent with observation. The nature of the cooling function for a primordial plasma implies that in less massive galaxies, more gas must fragment in the halo to preserve t(c) roughly equal to t(f). Consequently, less gas survives to form the disk, so that the disk-to-halo mass ratio increases with disk mass and hence galaxy luminosity. The canonical L proportional to V exp 4 relation can be reproduced by the model, and the apparent change in the slope of this relation also arises naturally. In the hierarchical clustering scenario, the model requires that all spirals formed at about the same epoch. These results support earlier claims that much of the dark matter observed in the universe is baryonic and probably formed during protogalactic collapse. 38 refs.