Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of Object-Oriented Model Libraries using Modelica

This thesis describes basic models for thermo-fluid systems and the implementation of the models using a flexible object-oriented structure in the ThermoFluid library. Model libraries provide an excellent way to package engineering knowledge of systems to be reused by non-experts. Many commercial simulation packages provide good model libraries, but they are usually domain specific and closed. Modelica(TM) is an open standard of an object-oriented modeling language for heterogeneous, multi-domain dynamic systems. Modelica combines the expressive power of equation based modeling with advanced object-oriented structuring features. A unique feature of Modelica are class parameters which allow a high-level parameterization of physical phenomena. The models are based on first principles. Control volumes contain the thermodynamic balance equations in lumped or one-dimensional discretized form. The library is built to be flexible: fluid property models in the control volume can be exchanged, single- or multi-component fluids are supported and the momentum balance submodel can be static or dynamic. Chemical reactions can be added to the model separately from other phenomena. Thermodynamic Jacobians are used to transform the dynamic equations into an efficient form. Low order moving boundary models for two phase flows are another result of the thesis. They make use of a novel approach for approximating the mean void fraction in the two phase region. The experiences from designing an object-oriented, reusable model library are summarized using design patterns. Design patterns are an attempt to describe "good practice" in modeling in a semi-formal way. The library has been used successfully for a broad range of industrial applications, among others modeling of micro gas turbine systems, carbon-dioxide based refrigeration systems, fuel cells, power plants and steam networks. The applications are briefly described in the thesis.
Breast cancer recurrence prediction with deep neural network and feature optimization

Breast cancer remains a pervasive global health concern, necessitating continuous efforts to attain effectiveness of recurrence prediction schemes. This work focuses on breast cancer recurrence prediction using two advanced architectures such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), integrated with feature selection techniques utilizing Logistic Regression (LR) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The well-known Wisconsin cancer registry dataset, which contains vital diagnostic data from breast mass fine-needle aspiration biopsies, was employed in this study. The mean values of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score for the proposed LR-CNN-LSTM model were calculated as 98.24%, 99.14%, 98.30% and 98.14% respectively. The mean values of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score for the proposed ANOVA-GRU model were calculated as 96.49%, 97.04%, 96.67% and 96.67% respectively. The comparison with traditional methods showcases the superiority of our proposed approach. Moreover, the insights gained from feature selection contribute to a deeper understanding of the critical factors influencing breast cancer recurrence. The combination of LSTM and GRU models with feature selection methods not only enhances prediction accuracy but also provides valuable insights for medical practitioners. This research holds the potential to aid in early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.
SALINE INFUSION SONOGRAPHY: A VALID TOOL FOR DETECTION OF INTRAUTERINE PATHOLOGIES IN WOMEN WITH ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING

Background: Transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy are commonly used modalities to detect endometrial pathologies in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Saline infusion sonography is recently introduced for assessment of endometrium. Several studies have documented that saline instillation seems to be superior to and it can improve the specificity of TVS to differentiate the focal from diffuse intra-cavity lesions. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound and saline infusion sonography for the detection of intra-cavity lesions of uterus taking histopathology on hysterectomy specimens as the final diagnosis. Methods: Cross-sectional (validation) study. Present study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Madina Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad from January 18, 2022 to September 30, 2022. Sixty subjects with complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding were enrolled for the study. All participants were evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and saline infusion sonography (SIS) to assess endometrial pathologies. Findings at TVS and SIS were correlated with histo-pathological results on hysterectomy specimens. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Results: Mean age was 49.68±5.9 years. Polyps and proliferative endometrium were noted in 32 (53.3%) and 16 (26.7%) patients. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of TVS are 61.36%, 100%, 100%, 48.48% and 71.67% for SIS and are 88.64%, 100%, 100%, 76.19% and 91.67% respectively. Conclusion: SIS is highly sensitive and specific investigation to detect intra-cavity abnormalities of uterus. It can be used as an alternative investigation tool in low resource settings whenever hysteroscopy in not readily available.
Implementing mandatory audit ﬁrm rotation: Effects on audit and non-audit fees

The 2014 reform of the European Union (EU) regulation on auditing includes mandatory audit ﬁrm rotation and a signiﬁcant limitation of the provision of non-audit services by the audit ﬁrm to their existing clients. This paper analyses the changes in audit fees, and non-audit fees, as well as in their proportion, when there is a switch of audit ﬁrms, before and after the new regulation. The analysis is carried out for the Spanish listed companies from 2011 to 2018 using two types of analyses, descriptive / comparative and multivariate, panel data, regressions. As expected, the new EU regulation has resulted in a signiﬁcant increase in audit ﬁrm switches. The results show that, when there is a change of audit ﬁrm, the incoming ﬁrm offers a signiﬁcant discount to the new client with the outgoing ﬁrm. This is the case before and after the reform, and for both voluntary and mandatory switches after the reform. In addition, the reform has led to a reduction of non-audit fees, which is especially evident after a voluntary audit ﬁrm switch. We conclude that audit ﬁrms seem to be willing to take on the additional cost of auditing a new company to gain clients.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PLACENTA IN IUFD IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Background: Stillbirth is a tragic event for both parents and obstetrician. It is one of the most unfortunate complications of pregnancy. Placenta is a vital organ through which transfer of nutrients and oxygen to foetus occurs and also acts as immune barrier. Placental pathology plays an important role in the foetal deaths to the tune of 11% to 65%. Histopathological examination of placenta and its correlation with the clinical conditions can help in understanding the pathogenic events occurring in cases of stillbirth. The aim and objective are histopathological study of placental study in IUFD and its clinical correlation. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted over two years at MKCG Medical College, Berhampur; Odisha. During this period 232 placentas of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) cases were examined and sent to histopathology. At the end of the study collected data were tabulated and analyzed. Result: Out of 232 placentae examined, maximum percentages of IUFD (26.7%) were associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) followed by abruptio placentae in 14.2% cases and unexplained in 35.7% cases. Other conditions associated with intra uterine fetal death(IUFD) like chronic hypertension, IUGR, PPROM, GDM, malaria, congenital anomalies and placenta previa were 2.2%, 5.2%, 6%, 3%, 0.9%, 5.2% and0.9% respectively. On histopathological examination, intervillous fibrin was present in highest number of placental specimen (81.5%). Retroplacental clot, thrombotic vasculopathy, hypertension related changes, infarction, increased syncytial knotting, intervillous fibrin deposit, intervillous hemorrhage, calcification, villitis and chorioamnionitis were present in 25.9%, 20.2%, 10.8%, 25.8%, 11.2%, 28.8%, 32.7%, 39.7%, 22.8% and 34% of cases respectively. Conclusion: Thrombotic vasculopathy and hypertension related changes were significantly associated with IUFD complicated by HDP. In unexplained intrauterine fetal deaths, the incidence of infarction, thrombotic vasculopathy, intervillous/perivillous fibrin deposition, chorioamnionitis and villitis were higher in histology of placenta. Placental examination plays vital role in identifying the cause of stillbirth. In certain cases, it also predicts risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancy and helps in prevention of adverse pregnancy outcome
PREVALENCE, MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNOF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN BETWEEN 2 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE-A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: UTI is a major health problem. The urinary tract is a common site of infection in young children. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are cause acute morbidity and may result in long-term medical problems, including hypertension and reduced renal function. Materials and Methods: After obtaining informed consent and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 122 children with clinically diagnosed UTI were included in the study. The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in the IPD and OPD of Department of Paediatrics, MGM Muthoot Medical Centre, Pathanamthitta, Kerala. Urine cultures were obtained after urine routine examination. A positive result was defined as growth of a single urinary tract pathogen >105 CFU/ml. Data was collected meeting the objectives of the study and was analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Result: The prevalence of culture positive UTI in children between 2 to 14 years is 32.78 %. There was a higher prevalence of UTI was found in our study. Highest prevalence of UTI was seen in 2 to 5 years and female gender. There was also a statistically significant association of UTI and symptoms like fever (male and female) and loose stools in male. The age group of children having UTI is less than 5 years in most of the cases. Prevalence of culture positive UTI was high (32.78%). Prevalence was higher in age group between 2 to 5 years and in females. Conclusion: In this study it is quite alarming to note that almost all of the isolates in the urine culture were found resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is becoming a big problem for the public health which cause complications and leads to chronic conditions and add considerably to health care cost. Therefore, it is an important issue to be addressed by the policy makers to formulate a strict antibiotics prescription policy in our country
EFFICACY OF DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY IN BREAST CANCER SCREENING: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Background: Breast cancer screening is a crucial component of early cancer detection. Digital mammography has been posited as a potentially more effective alternative to traditional mammography, but empirical data, especially from diverse populations, is necessary to support this claim. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of digital mammography in detecting breast cancer in a diverse demographic, comparing its detection rate with traditional mammography. It also sought to analyse the stages at which cancer was detected, false positives and negatives, and participant satisfaction. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 100 participants undergoing digital mammography screening. The study focused on detection rates, false positives and negatives, cancer stages at detection, and compared these results with historical data on traditional mammography. Additional parameters such as participant age, ethnicity, family history, recall rates, and satisfaction were also assessed. Result: Detection Rate: The study achieved a 15% breast cancer detection rate among the screened participants. False Positives/Negatives: A false positive rate of 10% and a false negative rate of 2% were observed. Cancer Stage at Detection: Breast cancer was detected as follows: Stage 0 (3 cases), Stage I (7 cases), Stage II (4 cases), Stage III (1 case), and Stage IV (0 cases). Comparative Analysis: Digital mammography showed a 3% higher detection rate than traditional mammography (15% vs. 12%). Additional Parameters: The average age at detection was 55 years. Ethnic breakdown revealed Indo-Aryan (45%), Dravidian (35%), Austroasiatic (15%), and Tibeto-Burman (5%). 40% had a family history of breast cancer. The recall rate for additional imaging was 20%, and participant satisfaction rate was 85%. Conclusion: Digital mammography demonstrated a higher detection rate for breast cancer compared to traditional methods in this Indian population study. The findings support its use, especially considering the high participant satisfaction and efficacy in early-stage cancer detection.
Block Low-Rank Preconditioner with Shared Basis for Stochastic Optimization

Adaptive methods with non-diagonal preconditioning have shown state-of-the-art results on various tasks. However, their computational complexity and memory requirement make it challenging to scale these methods to modern neural network architectures. To address this challenge, some previous works have adopted block-diagonal preconditioners. However, the memory cost of storing the block-diagonal matrix remains substantial, leading to the use of smaller block sizes that ultimately leads to suboptimal performance. To reduce the time and memory complexity without sacriﬁcing performance, we propose approximating the diagonal blocks of the second moment matrix by low-rank matrices and enforcing the same basis for the blocks within each layer. We provide theoretical justiﬁcation for such basis sharing and design an algorithm to efﬁciently maintain this shared-basis block low-rank approximation during training. Our results on a deep autoencoder and a Transformer benchmark demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms ﬁrst-order methods with slightly more time and memory usage, while also achieving competitive or superior performance compared to other second-order methods with less time and memory usage.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Moments and power corrections of longitudinal and transverse proton structure functions from lattice QCD

We present a simultaneous extraction of the moments of F 2 and F L structure functions of the proton for a range of photon virtuality, Q 2 . This is achieved by computing the forward Compton amplitude on the lattice utilizing the second-order Feynman-Hellmann theorem. Our calculations are performed on conﬁgurations with two diﬀerent lattice spacings and volumes, all at the SU ( 3 ) symmetric point. We ﬁnd the moments of F 2 and F L in good agreement with experiment. Power corrections turn out to be signiﬁcant. This is the ﬁrst time the Q 2 dependence of the lowest moment of F 2 has been quantiﬁed.
Inﬂuence of changing carbonate chemistry on morphology and weight of coccoliths formed by Emiliania huxleyi

The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is a marine phytoplankton species capable of forming small calcium carbonate scales (coccoliths) which cover the organic part of the cell. Calciﬁcation rates of E. huxleyi are known to be sensitive to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry. It has, however, not yet been clearly determined how these changes are reﬂected in size and weight of individual coccol-iths and which speciﬁc parameter(s) of the carbonate system drive morphological modiﬁcations. Here, we compare data on coccolith size, weight, and malformation from a set of ﬁve experiments with a large diversity of carbonate chemistry conditions. This diversity allows distinguishing the in-ﬂuence of individual carbonate chemistry parameters such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), bicarbonate (HCO � 3 ), carbonate ion (CO 2 � 3 ), and protons (H + ) on
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, open prostatectomy, surgical outcomes Open Prostatectomy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Critical Analysis of Patient Presentation and Surgical Outcomes in a Contemporary Series

Background: Open prostatectomy (OP) is still a valid treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but it needs to be constantly reevaluated in the context of minimally invasive treatments (MITs). Aim: Our purpose is to present contemporary data on patient presentation and surgical outcomes of OP with which other OP series and MITs can be compared. Methods: A retrospective study of all OP was carried out in our institution from January 2011 to December 2020. All patients had a thorough preoperative workup and optimization of comorbidities before surgery. Data were collected in a predesigned pro forma and analyzed. Results: The mean age of the 148 patients studied was 66.2 (±7.9) yrs. The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 32.2 (±33.7) mos. The mean preoperative prostate volume was 118.0 (±67.1) cm 3 . There was a 54.4% comorbidity rate with diabetes mellitus (DM) topping the list (16.0%). An incidental prostate cancer rate of 6.1% was found. The overall complication rate was 45.3%. Perioperative hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion (BT) was the most common complication (26.1%). There was no significant difference in age, duration of surgery, and prostrate volume between subjects with and without BT ( P > 0.05). Wound infection was significantly associated with diabetes ( P = 0.043, OR = 3.507, 95% CI = 1.042–11.805). The reoperation rate was 1.4%, and mortality rate was 0.7%. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality-of-life (QOL) score, and post-void residual urine (PVR) volume were significantly improved ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: OP was found to be a safe and effective procedure for the relief of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to BPH. However, it was associated with high morbidity and low reoperation rate.
Integration of Traditional Healing Practices in Modern Medicine in South America: Insights for African Development

: This study explores the enduring global significance of traditional healing practices within healthcare systems. Focusing on America's integration of traditional knowledge into modern medicine, the research aims to elucidate a comprehensive healthcare system that recognizes both conventional medicine and traditional healing practices. Drawing insights from South American experiences, particularly in "plant medicine," the study employs ethnography and a case study approach. Research objectives encompass understanding integration processes, assessing community-level impacts, and proposing policies for safeguarding traditional knowledge. Data collection involves in-depth interviews with healthcare practitioners and community leaders, utilizing a hybrid approach that combines in-person interviews in Benin and South Africa with online interviews in South American nations, including Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador, complemented by document analysis. Thematic analysis is employed for findings, suggesting the strategic integration of traditional medical knowledge into modern healthcare for holistic services. Recommendations include policy measures to protect traditional knowledge. This paper underscores the vital importance of preserving and integrating traditional knowledge into modern medical practices, fostering comprehensive healthcare solutions.
CLINICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIECTASIS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Background: Bronchiectasis is a morphological term describing abnormal, irreversibly dilated, thick-walled bronchi. It is an important cause of suppurative lung disease with a significant impact on the quality of life. The study aims to evaluate the clinical factors and their association with pulmonary hypertension in bronchiectasis patients from patients without pulmonary hypertension in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 120 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis attending the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Stanley Medical College and Govt Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Tambaram Sanatorium, for one year. The study population was divided into two groups: one with bronchiectasis and one without pulmonary hypertension, and each risk factor was studied in both groups, tabulated and analysed by standard statistical methods. Routine blood investigations were done, including CBC, RFT, and LFT. Six-minute walk tests were performed. HRCT, ECG and ECHO were taken. Result: Among 120 individuals, 60% were female and male subjects (40%) with a mean age of 54.3 years, 62.5% prior history of antituberculous treatment, 68.7% recurrent respiratory tract infection, 32.5% positive smoking history, 57.5% underweight, and 38.3% normal weight. Most subjects had lower lobe predominance, with cystic bronchiectasis and tubular bronchiectasis on the HRCT chest. There is a significant difference in age, smoking history, Hb, PCV, FEC1%, and 6MWT between groups. Conclusion: FEV1%, 6-minute walk distance and hematocrit can be used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension early in patients with
The coupled 182W‐142Nd record of early terrestrial mantle differentiation

New Sm‐Nd, Lu‐Hf, Hf‐W, and Re‐Os isotope data, in combination with highly siderophile element (HSE, including Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd) and W abundances, are reported for the 3.55 Ga Schapenburg komatiites, South Africa. The Schapenburg komatiites define a Re‐Os isochron with an age of 3550 ± 87 Ma and initial γ187Os = +3.7 ± 0.2 (2SD). The absolute HSE abundances in the mantle source of the Schapenburg komatiite system are estimated to be only 29 ± 5% of those in the present‐day bulk silicate Earth (BSE). The komatiites were derived from mantle enriched in the decay products of the long‐lived 147Sm and 176Lu nuclides (initial ɛ143Nd = +2.4 ± 0.1, ɛ176Hf = +5.7 ± 0.3, 2SD). By contrast, the komatiites are depleted, relative to the modern mantle, in 142Nd and 182W (μ182W = −8.4 ± 4.5, μ142Nd = −4.9 ± 2.8, 2SD). These results constitute the first observation in terrestrial rocks of coupled depletions in 142Nd and 182W. Such isotopic depletions require derivation of the komatiites from a mantle domain that formed within the first ∼30 Ma of Solar System history and was initially geochemically enriched in highly incompatible trace elements as a result of crystal‐liquid fractionation in an early magma ocean. This mantle domain further must have experienced subsequent melt depletion, after 182Hf had gone extinct, to account for the observed initial excesses in 143Nd and 176Hf. The survival of early‐formed 182W and 142Nd anomalies in the mantle until at least 3.55 Ga indicates that the products of early planetary differentiation survived both later planetary accretion and convective mantle mixing during the Hadean. This work moreover renders unlikely that variable late accretion, by itself, can account for all of the observed W isotope variations in Archean rocks.