Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(Dis)fluencies and their contribution to the co-construction of meaning in native and non-native tandem interactions of French and English

In this paper, (dis)fluencies will be examined during tandem interactions in French and English by exploring the notions of secondary didacticity and pedagogical intention outside the classroom environment. While (dis)fluencies have typically been viewed as disturbances and markers of production difficulty, or have only been analyzed from a strictly verbal or vocal point of view, this paper offers a fresh multimodal perspective on these processes by taking into account the visual-gestural features of spoken interactions, mainly manual gestures and eye gaze. Based on the qualitative analyses of two sequences, this paper will illustrate how native and non-native speakers co-construct meaning during the course of their talk by relying on several semiotic resources. Our detailed analyses allow for a richer and deeper understanding of (dis)fluencies as they show the way (dis)fluencies can be negotiated multimodally in context during jointly collaborative activities in tandem settings.
PENGARUH MODAL INTELEKTUAL TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN DAN MANUFAKTUR)

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh modal intelektual terhadap financial distress pada perusahaan pertambangan dan perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri dasar dan bahan kimia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Variabel independen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah modal intelektual yang diukur dengan VAIC TM yang terdiri dari VAHU (Value Added Human Capital), VACA (Value Added Capital Employed), dan STVA (Value Added Structural Capital). Variabel dependen yang digunakan adalah financial distress yang diukur dengan model prediksi distress keuangan oleh Altman Z-Score dan Zmijewsi X-Score. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan pertambangan dan perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri dasar dan bahan kimia yang terdaftar di BEI 2011-2015. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan total sampel 10 perusahaan dari total perusahaan pertambangan sebanyak 41 perusahaan dan total sampel 10 perusahaan dari total perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri dasar dan bahan kimia sebanyak 64 perusahaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal intelektual mempengaruhi financial distress dengan nilai signifikasi 0,001
Macroprudential stress‑test models: a survey

We survey the rapidly developing literature on macroprudential stress‑testing models. In scope are models of contagion between banks, models of contagion within the wider financial system including non‑bank financial institutions such as investment funds, and models that emphasise the two‑way interaction between the financial sector and the real economy. Our aim is twofold: first, to provide a reference guide of the state of the art for those developing such models; second, to distil insights from this endeavour for policymakers using these models. In our view, the modelling frontier faces three main challenges: (a) our understanding of the potential for amplification in sectors of the non‑bank financial system during periods of stress, (b) multi‑sectoral models of the non‑bank financial system to analyse the behaviour of the overall demand and supply of liquidity under stress and (c) stress‑testing models that incorporate comprehensive two‑way interactions between the financial system and the real economy. Emerging lessons for policymakers are that, for a given‑sized shock hitting the system, its eventual impact will depend on (a) the size of financial institutions’ capital and liquidity buffers, (b) the liquidation strategies financial institutions adopt when they need to raise cash and (c) the topology of the financial network.
Students’ Perceptions on their EFL Teacher Efficacy: A Study on EFL Teachers' Language Proficiency and their Self-efficacy 1

Recent research has shown the increasing number of non-native English-speaking teachers (NNEST) around the world. Research has also considered different attributes these teachers need to have in order to be effective in their professional practices. In this light, this study examines the relationship between NNEST’s language proficiency and their sense of self-efficacy in relation to students’ perceptions about teacher efficacy in three different dimensions: Efficacy for instructional strategies, efficacy for classroom management, and efficacy for student engagement. A correlational quantitative design was used in which six private high schools from Cuenca, Ecuador, participated. Seventeen teachers from these schools were requested to provide an English proficiency certificate and respond to a self-efficacy survey. In the meantime, their 661 students completed a teacher’s efficacy survey. The results revealed that although there are teachers who have a good level of language proficiency, according to their students, it is not necessarily an indicator of efficacy in their practices. Suggestions for further research that might help to explain the current situation are given.
Classroom action research on the effects of pronunciation teaching on listening skills

The twentieth century was marked by the publication of a plethora of books on new methods and approaches to teaching English as a second or foreign language, few of which were based on empirically tested claims (Richards & Rodgers, 2001). Pronunciation instruction is perhaps the area of ELT that is most lacking in empirical studies to support its practices, with calls for research to investigate its effects and efficacy constantly made by ELT and second language acquisition specialists (Derwing & Munro, 2005). The recent resurgence in the interest for pronunciation has led to a small increase in the number of experimental studies being conducted on the subject. However, research is still limited to how teaching pronunciation affects learners’ spoken production, with few studies focusing on the potential benefits explicit pronunciation instruction may have on students’ listening comprehension skills. The study described here aimed to investigate whether teaching pronunciation has any spillover effects on learners’ listening skills. The findings presented here imply that teacher training may need to rethink its current approach to the teaching of pronunciation if it is to accommodate for empirically tested evidence.
Improving the Minimization Drive Tests using Voice Quality Index

—In order to ensure acceptable quality of service, cellular networks operators conduct ﬁeld work, called drive tests, to detect geographic regions with some kind of problem. These woks represent high costs in terms of time and money, and additionally they can not be performed along the entire coverage area. In this sense, the 3GPP in Release 10 presents a study named Minimization Drive Test (MDT), which aims to reduce costs in the operator, because in the MDT, the end users devices are used to collect the network parameters. In this paper we propose to add an additional parameter in MDT project, which is related to the voice signal quality index. Experiments in GSM cellular networks are conducted, in which the RF parameters and the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) index are collected and determined in the mobile device. Results show that RF parameters are not necessarily correlated with the MOS index values. Furthermore, a network architecture that include the MOS index is presented, where is demonstrated the technical feasibility of implementation in a commercial cellular network.
Understanding the Usage Pattern of Local Facilities in Urban Neighbourhood towards Creating a Livable City

Local facilities in residential neighbourhood play an important role towards the social sustainability of the local residents. Provision of local facilities has significant impact on enabling, sustaining and enhancing societal living conditions and improving quality of living. This denotes the importance of the provision of local facilities to the local residents to create a livable city. In Malaysia, through the development plans, zonings for the local services and facilities provide an important impact on the availability of these services within a neighbourhood. Issues concerning local facilities in urban neighbourhood often revolve around the quality and catchment area, usage pattern and its accessibility. Preliminary findings of the study expose local issues and problems related to the access and its usage of facilities within the residential neighborhoods which corresponds to the issues highlighted in the National Urban Policy (NUP) (Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia, 2006). Following this, through a face-to-face household questionnaire survey, the researcher gathers information on the usage pattern in terms of frequency of use, mode of transportation used, perceptions towards quality and satisfaction of the local facilities.
Taking Reflection to a Higher Level: A Study of Teacher Engagement in Intellectual Practice

Introduction The independent evaluators of the i3 grant used the label deliberateness to describe the thoughtful practice of lesson analysis and reflection on teaching that exemplifies the instructional strength of Reading Recovery teachers (May, Sirinides, Gray, & Goldsworthy, 2016). Schön (1983) defined two levels of reflection as in-action (conscious on-the-run decisions) and on-action (thinking back on decisions and actions and considering how those actions contributed to observed outcomes). In their instructional contexts, these levels of reflection are observed as Reading Recovery teachers strive to reflect both in-the-moment and over time (Clay, 2001, 2015).
Assessing the capabilities of Landsat imagery for measuring fuel properties in Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forest

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Identifying climate refuges for freshwater biodiversity across Australia

Severe climatic changes are predicted for Australia before the close of this century. Climate change threatens biodiversity in all ecosystems; a management and conservation priority is to identify areas and habitats - refuges - that could shelter species from the worst impacts. Freshwater ecosystems contain high biodiversity, but are especially vulnerable to climatic changes due to their limited extent and connectivity. In much of Australia, they are highly susceptible to drying resulting from high variability in temperatures and rainfall. Identifying, protecting and managing refuges in freshwater systems must therefore be a key component of future conservation planning and policy. Using a variety of approaches, we explore the history and definitions of refuges in freshwater systems, assess the relatively stability and general refugial value of large-scale regions across the Australian continent and provide three case studies demonstrating applications of the continental analysis to inform more local adaptation strategies. A review of existing concepts of refuges for biodiversity highlights a number of issues that contribute to confusion and imprecision surrounding their definition, and we offer a new, simplified concept of refuges with respect to climate change in freshwater systems. Projected climate changes are highly spatially and seasonally variable, and this project has identified freshwater regions which will remain stable in the future, and those which will likely not. Many regions will likely experience climates and events well outside their current range of variability, and we predict significant changes in community structure and ecosystem assemblages. In these areas of instability, we propose that refuges will be of high priority, for example areas where temperature changes are buffered by vegetation or topographic shading. We show that some current protected areas will fail to offer refuge and protection under projected climatic changes. We further highlight significant changes in perenniality of streams and waterholes, particularily in the south-western region of Australia. Finally, our research identified a number of knowledge gaps which currently hinder climate change adaptation research in freshwater systems. We provide a discussion of these gaps and outline the future research directions required to ultimately benefit species and habitat conservation.
Selecting rainfall events for effective Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) implementation

The current approach for protecting the receiving water environment from urban stormwater pollution is the adoption of structural measures commonly referred to as Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). The treatment efficiency of WSUD measures closely depends on the design of the specific treatment units. As stormwater quality can be influenced by rainfall characteristics, the selection of appropriate rainfall events for treatment design is essential to ensure the effectiveness of WSUD systems. Based on extensive field investigation of four urban residential catchments and computer modelling, this paper details a technically robust approach for the selection of rainfall events for stormwater treatment design using a three-component model. The modelling outcomes indicate that selecting smaller average recurrence interval (ARI) events with high intensity-short duration as the threshold for the treatment system design is the most feasible since these events cumulatively generate a major portion of the annual pollutant load compared to the other types of rainfall events, despite producing a relatively smaller runoff volume. This implies that designs based on small and more frequent rainfall events rather than larger rainfall events would be appropriate in the context of efficiency in treatment performance, cost-effectiveness and possible savings in land area needed.
Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures

Objectives: To examine (1) whether dust and surfaces in households of smokers are contaminated with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); (2) whether smoking parents can protect their infants by smoking outside and away from the infant; and (3) whether contaminated dust, surfaces, and air contribute to ETS exposure in infants. Design: Quasi-experiment comparing three types of households with infants: (1) non-smokers who believe they have protected their children from ETS; (2) smokers who believe they have protected their children from ETS; (3) smokers who expose their children to ETS. Setting: Homes of smokers and non-smokers. Participants: Smoking and non-smoking mothers and their infants ⩽ 1 year. Main outcome measures: ETS contamination as measured by nicotine in household dust, indoor air, and household surfaces. ETS exposure as measured by cotinine levels in infant urine. Results: ETS contamination and ETS exposure were 5–7 times higher in households of smokers trying to protect their infants by smoking outdoors than in households of non-smokers. ETS contamination and exposure were 3–8 times higher in households of smokers who exposed their infants to ETS by smoking indoors than in households of smokers trying to protect their children by smoking outdoors. Conclusions: Dust and surfaces in homes of smokers are contaminated with ETS. Infants of smokers are at risk of ETS exposure in their homes through dust, surfaces, and air. Smoking outside the home and away from the infant reduces but does not completely protect a smoker’s home from ETS contamination and a smoker’s infant from ETS exposure.
Histological Evaluation of Erythropoietin Application on Bone Healing in Rat Calvaria

Introduction: Erythropoietin (ЕPО) is a glycoprotein hormone whose primary physiological functions is regulation of erythropoiesis. During the last decade, its additional, so-called pleiotropic functions, have become also important. As skeletal regeneration is concerned, EPO successfully combines haemopoiesis with bone formation. Due to its osteogenic and angiogenic potential, EPO promotes endochondral ossification, formation of osteoblasts and blood vessels. Aim of the Work: The purpose of the present study was to perform histological evaluation of effects from either local (independent and combined with bone substitute) or systemic administration of EPO using critical-size calvarial bone defect model in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats, 6 months of age, weighing 250-300 g were used in the experiments. Experimental animals were randomly assigned to three groups. Two symmetrical defects were created in the calvaria of each of rats. Thirty and ninety days after the surgical procedure, rats from each group were euthanised to obtain material for histological examination after staining with haematoxylin-eosin and Schmorl's stain. Results: The results showed that EPO was successful in coupling haemopoiesis and bone formation. Due to its osteogenic and angiogenic potential, EPO stimulated the formation of osteoblasts and blood vessels at the site of defect. Conclusion: Local erythropoietin application resulted in bone formation and could be successfully used for bone regeneration. Combined with bone substitute, EPO potentiated its effect and improved bone healing. Contrary to expectations, the effect of EPO systemic application was found to be unsatisfactory.
Growth of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata in thePearl culture farm at Veppalodai

Growth of pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, under conditions of raft culture at Vcppalodai, Gulf of Mannar, has been studied during the period March 1973- September 1974, with reference to growth of the dorsoventral dimension, hinge line, thickness and weight. The first two dimensions showed positive growth up to a certain period and was followed by growth recession. Thickness increased uniformly throughout the period of study in the younger size groups (30-45 mm) but it showed a stagnation in the older size groups (45-60 mm) during certain times of the year. Weight of oysters increased steadily but showed retardation, except in younger groups (30-40 mm), in a few months. The progress of growth was better in younger size groups than in the older groups. The growth of pearl oysters in the shallow area is considered moderate. Growth was relatively faster during September- January than in other months as observed from the formation of growth processes and growth increments. It has been inferred that the intensity of fouling and boring organisms, b-jsides other factors, might influence the growth of pearl oysters.
Does Magnetic Reconnection Occur in the Near Lunar Surface Environment?

The near lunar surface contains small‐scale magnetic field structures that provide a natural test bed for observing plasmas with a non‐zero Hall electric field, as well as potentially facilitating electron‐only reconnection. This study presents observational evidence of magnetized electrons as well as demagnetized ions when THEMIS‐ARTEMIS probe B reached an altitude of ∼15 km above the lunar surface. Additionally, observations suggest the presence of a field line topology change and traversal of a closed magnetic field structure containing solar wind electrons, suggestive of magnetic reconnection having occurred at some point between the solar wind interplanetary magnetic field and a lunar crustal magnetic field. Thus, the observations presented here are consistent with previous studies that predict prominent Hall electric fields near lunar crustal magnetic fields and further suggest that the solar wind interplanetary magnetic field may reconnect with lunar crustal magnetic fields, most likely via electron‐only reconnection.
Hyperbilirubinemia and Associated Factors Among Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Care Unit in Jimma Medical Center

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a widespread and significant clinical problem among neonates worldwide. Globally, every year about 1.1 million babies develop it and the vast majority reside in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Studies on the magnitude and factors associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are limited in Ethiopia. So this study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia among hospitalized neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit of Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Jimma, South West Ethiopia. Design: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at JMC from July 24 to October 19, 2020. Methods: A total of 222 neonates with their mothers were included and conveniently selected. Data was collected by interviewing mothers through structured questionnaires and reviewing neonates’ medical records using a checklist. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Results: from a total of neo-maternal pairs included in the studies; the proportion of Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was found to be 94 (42.3%). Neo-maternal ABO incompatibility 33 (35.1%), prematurity 41 (43.6%), sepsis 35 (37.2%), Neonatal birth asphyxia 20 (21.2%), and Rh isoimmunization 10 (10.6%) was significantly associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the study setting was high. Antenatal care (including both mother and fetus detail examination and follow-ups) as well as cautions during labor need to focus on since Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia-associated factors were maternal and neonatal. Hence, further assessment, early intervention, and timely treatment are important to mitigate the burdens in neonates due to hyperbilirubinemia.