Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exceptional points for parameter estimation in open quantum systems: analysis of the Bloch equations

We suggest to employ the dissipative nature of open quantum systems for the purpose of parameter estimation: the dynamics of open quantum systems is typically described by a quantum dynamical semigroup generator  . > The eigenvalues of  ? > are complex, reflecting unitary as well as dissipative dynamics. For certain values of parameters defining  , ? > non-Hermitian degeneracies emerge, i.e. exceptional points (EP). The dynamical signature of these EPs corresponds to a unique time evolution. This unique feature can be employed experimentally to locate the EPs and thereby to determine the intrinsic system parameters with a high accuracy. This way we turn the disadvantage of the dissipation into an advantage. We demonstrate this method in the open system dynamics of a two-level system described by the Bloch equation, which has become the paradigm of diverse fields in physics, from NMR to quantum information and elementary particles.
Climate and the Ocean

Of the components of the terrestrial climate system, the oceans are clearly one of the most important. Because the specific heat per unit mass of water is about 4 times that of air, the thermal capacity of the oceans is over 1,000 times that of the atmosphere. In this paper I will stress the role of the oceans in regulating temperature and transporting energy in the climate system. In particular, since the temperature of the ocean surface is the variable most closely connected to the atmosphere, I will focus on the seasonal and nonseasonal variations in the top 100 m layer of water.
WHAT NON-LINEARITY TO CHOOSE? MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FUZZY CONTROL

Fuzzy control is a very successful way to transform the expert’s knowledge of the type “if the velocity is big and the distance from the object is small, hit the brakes and decelerate as fast as possible” into an actual control. To apply this transformation one must: 1) choose fuzzy variables corresponding to words like “small”, “big”; 2) choose operations corresponding to “and” and “or”; 3) choose a method that transforms the resulting fuzzy variable for a into a single value ā. The wrong choice can drastically affect the quality of the resulting control, so the problem of choosing the right procedure is very important. From mathematical viewpoint these choice problems correspond to non-linear optimization and are therefore extremely difficult. We develop a new mathematical formalism (based on group theory) that allows us to solve the problem of optimal choice and thus: 1) explain why the existing choices are really the best (in some situations); 2) explain a rather mysterious fact that the fuzzy control based on the experts’ knowledge is often better than the control by these same experts; 3) give choice recommendations for the cases when traditional choices do not work. Perspectives of space applications will be also discussed.
The Stability of the Family of B 2-Type Arrangements

We introduce the family of B 2-type arrangements as a generalization of the classical Coxeter arrangement of type B 2 and consider the stability and the freeness of it. We show the freeness and (semi)stability are determined by the combinatorics. Moreover, we give a partial answer to the 4-shift problem, which is a conjecture on the combinatorics and geometry induced from the B 2-type arrangements.
A near-infrared optimized DOAS method for the fast global retrieval of atmospheric CH4

A new method for the fast and accurate retrieval of atmospheric trace gas total column amounts from near-infrared nadir radiances, to be measured by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography (SCIAMACHY) spectrometer on board the European Space Agency Envisat-1 satellite, has been investigated. It can be characterized as a weighting function modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy approach (WFM-DOAS). The reference spectra of the linear fit include the trace gas total column weighting functions, a weighting function for a temperature profile shift, and a low-order polynomial. Systematic errors due to uncertainties in atmospheric and surface parameters which cannot be retrieved, such as the trace gas vertical profile shapes, pressure and temperature profiles, aerosols, and the surface reflectivity, are quantified. The total column precisions of all trace gases to be retrieved from the SCIAMACHY near-infrared channels 7 (1940–2040 nm) and 8 (2265–2385 nm) have been estimated to be better than 1% for H2O, CO2, and CH4, and better than 10% for N2O and CO. The potential of SCIAMACHY to measure regional CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes has been investigated. Both are important greenhouse gases to be monitored and reduced according to the Kyoto Protocol of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Use Of Numerical Axis In The Graphic Drawing Of Tangent And Cotangent Functions On Coordinate Plane By Means Of Unit Circle

This is a descriptive study analyzing use of numerical axis in the graphic drawing of tangent and cotangent functions on coordinate plane by means of unit circle by primary education mathematics teaching department students. In addition to quantitative data gathering methods, scan model which has the capacity to apply qualitative data gathering methods like survey and interview have also been employed. The study has been conducted in a moderately populated Eastern Anatolian Region city in Turkey. Research group consists of 56 freshmen students registered to primary education mathematics teaching department. Participant students in the research have been directed eleven 5-Likert type and six open-ended questions; data have been analyzed and obtained findings have been interpreted. The results have demonstrated that students failed to appropriately use numerical axis in drawing tangent and cotangent functions’ graphics on coordinate plane and that they used interdependent concepts as if they were independent concepts. In the end it has been suggested that students should be led to activities which enable establishing inter-conceptual relations.
Many body effects in one-dimensional attractive Bose gases

In this thesis we investigate the properties of ultra-cold quantum gases in reduced dimension and the effects of harmonic confinement on soliton-like properties. We study regimes of agreement between mean-field and many-body theories the generation of entanglement between initially independent finite sized atomic systems. Classical solitons are non-dispersing waves which occur in integrable systems, such as atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in one dimension. Bright and dark solitons are possible, which exist as peaks or dips in density. Quantum solitons are the bound-state solutions to a system satisfying quantum integrability, given via the Bethe Ansatz. Such integrability is broken by the introduction of harmonic confinement. We investigate the equivalence of the classical field and many-body solutions in the limit of large numbers of atoms and derive numerical and variational approaches to examine the ground state energy in harmonic confinement and the fidelity between a Hartree-product solution and a quantum soliton solution. Soliton collisions produce no entanglement between either state and result only in an asymptotic position and phase shift, however external potentials break integrability and thus give the possibility of entangling solitons. We investigate the dynamical entanglement generation between two atomic dimers in harmonic confinement via exact diagonalisation in a basis of Harmonic oscillator functions, making use of the separability of the centre-of-mass component of the Hamiltonian. We show repulsive states show complex dynamics, but with an overall tendency towards states of larger invariant correlation entropy, whereas attractive states resist entanglement unless a phase matching condition is satisfied. This phase matching condition could in theory be used to generate states with highly non-Poissonian number superpositions in atomic systems with controlled number.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Adrenal Tumors in an Unselected Screening Population

BACKGROUND With the widespread use of advanced imaging technology, adrenal tumors are increasingly being identified. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of adrenal tumors in an unselected screening population in China. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04682938). SETTING A health examination center in China. PATIENTS Adults having an annual checkup were invited to be screened for adrenal tumors by adrenal computed tomography. MEASUREMENTS The participants with adrenal tumors had further evaluation for malignancy risk and adrenal function. RESULTS A total of 25 356 participants were screened, 351 of whom were found to have adrenal tumors, for a prevalence of 1.4%. The prevalence increased with age, from 0.2% in participants aged 18 to 25 years to 3.2% in those older than 65 years. Among 351 participants with adrenal tumors, 337 were diagnosed with an adrenocortical adenoma, 14 with another benign nodule, and none with a malignant mass. In 212 participants with an adenoma who completed endocrine testing, 69.3% were diagnosed with a nonfunctioning adenoma, 18.9% with cortisol autonomy, 11.8% with primary aldosteronism, and none with pheochromocytoma. Proportions of nonfunctioning adenomas were similarly high in various age groups (72.2%, 67.8%, and 72.2% in those aged <46, 46 to 65, and ≥66 years, respectively). LIMITATION Only 212 of 337 participants with an adrenocortical adenoma had endocrine testing. CONCLUSION The prevalence of adrenal tumors in the general adult screening population is 1.4%, and most of these tumors are nonfunctioning regardless of patient age. Cortisol and aldosterone secretion are the main causes of functional adenomas. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Key Research and Development Program of China and National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Ethyl Butanoate, Constituent of Cassava Wastewater Volatiloma, a Potential Soil Fumigant Against Meloidogyne Javanica

Abstract As a result of more restrictive legislation regarding the use of pesticides, over the last two decades, the demand for new soil fumigants has increased. These compounds can come from a variety of sources, including organic residues. In this study, we identified in the cassava wastewater volatiloma a molecule with potential to be developed as a new fumigant nematicide. Cassava wastewater (20 mL) releases volatile compounds toxic to Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles (J2), causing J2 mortality up to 89%. Through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, eight compounds were identified in the cassava wastewater volatiloma, with alcohols being the major class. The compounds ethyl butanoate and butyric acid identified in cassava wastewater volatiloma were selected for in vitro nematicidal activities and substrate fumigation tests. The lethal concentration predicted LC50–48 hr values (effective doses to kill 50% of M. javanica J2 population after 48 h of exposure) were 172.6 μg ∙ mL-1 and 301.2 μg ∙ mL-1 for butyric acid and ethyl butanoate, respectively. In a pot assay, the application of butyric acid and ethyl butanoate as a soil fumigant, at a dose of 0.5 mL ∙ kg-1 substrate, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased M. javanica infectivity and reproduction compared to the negative control (water). However, ethyl butanoate proved to be a more efficient soil fumigant (P < 0.05) than butyric acid, as its application reduced the number of galls and eggs to the level of the commercial fumigant Dazomet. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential of ethyl butanoate as a soil fumigant against M. javanica.
Together Distracted? The Effect of Driver-Passenger Collaboration on Workload, Glance Behavior, and Driving Performance

A main reason of driver distraction is the execution of tertiary driving tasks through an in-vehicle-infotainment system (IVIS). Prior research indicates that input from passengers – especially on tertiary tasks – has the potential to mitigate driver distraction. However, the interplay between driver distraction and driver-passenger collaboration has not been researched in detail. Therefore, we compare five IVIS concepts (single and dual-screen setups) which illustrate different collaborative approaches (Consensual, Token-Ring, Hierarchical, Autocratic, and Anarchic IVIS) with the goal to investigate their effect on drivers’ workload, glance behavior (eyes-off-the-road time) and driving performance (speed, lane position). We found that the most distracting events are when the driver receives pop-up notifications, or when the front-seat passenger interacts with an IVIS screen. Besides that, our insights indicate that despite research-substantiated benefits of dual-screen IVIS setups compared to single-screen ones in terms of collaboration, they have a higher implication on driver distraction and workload.
A Preliminary Study of Multimodal Feedback Interfaces in Takeover Transition of Semi-Autonomous Vehicles

This study aims to preliminarily investigate the explanatory effects of elaborated multimodal feedback compared to the current feedback system in takeover transition. In this study, a scenario-based experiment was conducted with ten participants using a driving simulator, and a semi-structured interview with all participants followed. We compared the driver's behavioral and affective aspects under the current and the multimodal feedback systems. The scenario includes five different situations in the combination of two types of takeover transition, suggestion and request, and three urgency-based situations such as constructions, obstacle emergence, and highway exit-entry. The results demonstrated the significant effects of multimodal feedback in that it shortened the drivers’ response time in takeover transition and helped manage their perceived annoyance and urgency when requesting a takeover transition. This study has theoretical and practical implications in designing multimodal feedback to encourage natural takeover transition under various situations.
Construction of Databases for Small Area Estimation

Abstract The demand for small area estimates can conflict with the objective of producing a multi-purpose data set. We use donor imputation to construct a database that supports small area estimation. Appropriately weighted sums of observed and imputed values produce model-based small area estimates. We develop imputation procedures for both unit-level and area-level models. For area-level models, we restrict to linear models. We assume a single vector of covariates is used for a possibly multivariate response. Each record in the imputed data set has complete data, an estimation weight, and a set of replicate weights for mean square error (MSE) estimation. We compare imputation procedures based on area-level models to those based on unit-level models through simulation. We apply the methods to the Iowa Seat-Belt Use Survey, a survey designed to produce state-level estimates of the proportions of vehicle occupants who wear a seat-belt. We develop a bivariate unit-level model for prediction of county-level proportions of belted drivers and total occupants. We impute values for the proportions of belted drivers and vehicle occupants onto the full population of road segments in the sampling frame. The resulting imputed data set returns approximations for the county-level predictors based on the bivariate model.
Vision‐based displacement measurement using an unmanned aerial vehicle

Vision‐based displacement measurement for structural health monitoring has gained popularity in recent years but still has several limitations in practical applications. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide opportunities to address the bottleneck problems of camera resolution insufficiency and mounting inconvenience due to their high maneuverability. However, existing methods using UAVs for structural displacement measurement are often complicated to operate due to the use of multiple stationary markers or multiple UAVs. This paper describes a novel vision‐based displacement measurement approach, using only one UAV, along with a motionless laser spot projected from a distance away as a reference. The positions of the marker and the laser spot are precisely calculated using a two‐step strategy, in which a designed black and white marker of known size is applied to the structure for scale definition and precise positioning. The adaptive region of interest (ROI) and adaptive binarization methods are utilized to improve the automatic applicability of the proposed approach with various background and brightness values. In this way, the motion of the UAV parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the structure can be eliminated by the stationary reference laser spot and the constantly updated scaling factors, respectively. The performance of the proposed method is validated on a two‐story frame and a suspension bridge. The results show that the displacement measured using the UAV agrees with the reference data obtained using the laser displacement sensor and the stationary camera, thereby demonstrating the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method for displacement measurement for small‐ and large‐scale infrastructure.
Functorial Quantization and the Guillemin-Sternberg Conjecture

We propose that geometric quantization of symplectic manifolds is the arrow part of a functor, whose object part is deformation quantization of Poisson manifolds. The `quantization commutes with reduction' conjecture of Guillemin and Sternberg then becomes a special case of the functoriality of quantization. In fact, our formulation yields almost unlimited generalizations of the Guillemin--Sternberg conjecture, extending it, for example, to arbitrary Lie groups or even Lie groupoids. Technically, this involves symplectic reduction and Weinstein's dual pairs on the classical side, and Kasparov's bivariant K-theory for C*-algebras (KK-theory) on the quantum side.
Growth performance and carcass classification of pure Pelibuey and crossbred lambs raised under an intensive production system in a warm-humid climate

: The effect of breed on growth, characteristics, and carcass classification was investigated using 11 Charollais x Pelibuey (ChP) lambs, 10 Dorper x Pelibuey (DP) lambs, and 18 Pelibuey (P) lambs in an intensive production system in a warm-humid climate. A significant effect of genotype ( 𝑃 <0.05) was observed on birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and daily weight gain (DWG), all of which were higher in the ChP genotype. ChP and DP lambs reached commercial weight 35 and 23 d earlier, respectively than P lambs. Genotype has a marked influence on the carcass characteristics, affect conformation and classification of carcass. The probability of obtaining a carcass with good conformation and MEX 1 classification (good: MEX 1) is 72 % higher for the ChP genotype than for the P genotype. The loin and leg yields of the ChP genotype were higher than those of the other genotypes. The pH, temperature, and instrumental color of the carcass, meat, and subcutaneous fat were affected by genotype. ChP lambs showed better growth, characteristics, and carcass classification than lambs of the DP and P genotypes. Thirty-nine (39) male lambs from an experimental herd: Charollais x Pelibuey (n= 11), Dorper x Pelibuey (n= 10), and Pelibuey (n= 18), were reared by their mothers. In the first week of lactation, the lambs stayed with their mothers; after this period, the ewes went from 1000 to 1400 h, returning to nurse their young and stay all night. restricted for After weaning, lambs
Effects of acid whey on the fermentative chemical quality and aerobic stability of rehydrated corn grain silage

: The objective was to evaluate the fermentative, chemical characteristics and aerobic stability of corn grain silages rehydrated with whey fluid (WF) or whey powder (WP) and water, with or without the addition of inoculant (I). The corn grain was ground and hydrated adding water without chlorine and/or whey to reach 35 % humidity and stored in silos of 4.36 kg. After 45 d of fermentation, samples of the silages were submitted to chemical-fermentative analyses in opening of silos and 240 h of exposure to air. The aerobic stability of the silages was evaluating during 240 h has considered to the loss when the temperature of the ensiled mass exceeded the ambient temperature by 2 °C. A reduction in the acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin content of the silages was observed with the use of WF and WP. The levels of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) were the lowest for WF and WP (0.7 and 0.9 g/kg TN) and pH was 4.31 for WF after 240 h of aerobic exposure. The use of inoculants provided higher levels of Ash, ether extract (EE), and low buffering capacity (BC), in addition to reductions in ADF levels. The inoculated silages showed higher levels of NH3-N and pH after 240 h. The silage of corn grains rehydrated with WF provided ideal pH values, low NH3-N content, alternative, the use of fluid whey to rehydrate corn grains adds nutritional value and improves silage fermentation. 2 Variables : DM= Dry matter (g/kg of natural matter); ADIP= acid detergent insoluble protein; NDIP= Neutral detergent insoluble protein; ADF= acid detergent fiber; NDF= neutral detergent fiber; aNDFmo= neutral detergent fiber with amylase and expressed excluding residual ash; NH3-N= ammoniacal nitrogen. Kd= fractional rate of degradation. Analyses determined by the laboratory 3rLab.
K-theoretic amenability for discrete groups.

The starting point for the work in this paper was the computation, by Pimsner and Vojculescu [18], of the K-groups for the reduced C*-algebra of the free group Fn on n generators (which also, äs a corollary, proved the old conjecture of Kadison, see Powers [19], that this C*-algebra contains no projections except 0 and 1). The intricacy of their argument is in striking contrast to the nearly trivial and rather formal computation of the corresponding groups for the füll C*-algebra of Fn by the author in [7]. Also, the method of Pimsner-Voiculescu does not work for the ÄT-homology and KKgroups, since it depends on the long exact sequence which, for non-nuclear C*-algebras, is not available in AT-homology. It seemed therefore desirable to deduce the result for the reduced C*-algebra from the result for the füll C*-algebra. It was, moreover, obvious that the right frame for such an attempt would be the , -theory of Kasparov.
Maximizing measures for expanding transformations

On a one-sided shift of finite type we prove that for a generic Holder continuous function there is a unique maximizing measure. We show that b-Holder continuous functions can be approximated in the a-Holder topology, a<b, by a function whose maximizing measure is supported on a periodic orbit. We also show that maximizing measures can be obtained as weak limits of equilibrium states. We apply these theorems to the class of C(1+a) endomorphisms of the circle which are coverings of degree 2, uniformly expanding and orientation preserving. We prove that generically the invariant probability which maximizes the Lyapunov exponent is unique and that C(1+b) endomorphisms can be approximated in the C(1+a) topology by endomorphisms whose Lyapunov maximizing measure is supported on a periodic orbit.