Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of aqueous-phase processing on aerosol chemistry and size distributions in Fresno, California, during wintertime

Environmental context Aqueous-phase processes in fogs and clouds can significantly alter atmospheric fine particles with consequences for climate and human health. We studied the influence of fog and rain on atmospheric aerosol properties, and show that aqueous-phase reactions contribute to the production of secondary aerosol species and change significantly the composition and microphysical properties of aerosols. In contrast, rains effectively remove aerosols and reduce their concentrations. Abstract Submicrometre aerosols (PM1) were characterised in situ with a high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer and a scanning mobility particle sizer in Fresno, CA, from 9 to 23 January 2010. Three dense fog events occurred during the first week of the campaign whereas the last week was influenced by frequent rain events. We thus studied the effects of aqueous-phase processing on aerosol properties by examining the temporal variations of submicrometre aerosol composition and size distributions. Rains removed secondary species effectively, leading to low loadings of PM1 dominated by primary organic species. Fog episodes, however, increased the concentrations of secondary aerosol species (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and oxygenated organic aerosol). The size distributions of these secondary species, which always showed a droplet mode peaking at ~500 nm in the vacuum aerodynamic diameter, increased in mode size during fog episodes as well. In addition, the oxygen-to-carbon ratio of oxygenated organic species increased in foggy days, indicating that fog processing likely enhances the production of secondary organic aerosol as well as its oxidation degree. Overall, our observations show that aqueous-phase processes significantly affect submicrometre aerosol chemistry and microphysics in the Central Valley of California during winter, responsible for the production of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol species and the formation of droplet mode particles, thus altering the climatic and health effects of ambient aerosols in this region.
Effect of nitrogen on the growth of diamond films

The incorporation of nitrogen in diamond films and its effect on film growth were investigated. The nitrogen doping efficiency was found to be very low, consistent with a model of film growth involving simultaneous deposition and etching, which predicts a doping efficiency of 10−4. The growth habit was found to change from (111) to (100) with increase of nitrogen in the gas phase from N/C = 0.1% to 10%. The growth rate of the diamond films increases, and the diamond Raman peak sharpens with the amount of nitrogen, a result consistent with the model on defect‐induced stabilization of diamond.
Experimental QTAIM Analysis of the Electron Density in TiB2

Topological aspects of the experimental electron density in TiB2 reconstructed on base of the multipole model are obtained from high-resolution single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The features of electron density are compared with quantum chemical calculations and analysed in terms of Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules for the interpretation of atomic interactions. In spite of some differences in the Laplacian, both experimental and calculated density confirmed two main bonding interactions. The B–B bond critical point suggests a shared-type interaction with pronounced ellipticity in the boron layer, whereas B–Ti bond critical point reveals an interaction intermediate between shared and closed-shell type. Both, theory and experiment indicate a non-structured spherical topology in the penultimate shell of Ti. Integration of the electron density over the atomic basins reveals a charge transfer of 1.1 e (experiment) and 1.4 e (theory) from titanium to boron network, respectively.
The dissociative recombination rate coefficients of H+3, HN+2, and HCO+

The dissociative recombination rate coefficients for H+3, HN+2, and HCO+ are determined at 110, 210, and 273 K by monitoring the decay of the infrared absorption signals as a function of time. The rate coefficients are 1.8, 7.0, and 3.1 in units of 10−7 cm3 s−1 for H+3, HN+2, and HCO+, respectively, at 273 K. These values agree very well with those obtained using the stationary afterglow or the merged beam techniques, but the values for H+3 disagree with that obtained by Smith and co‐workers (≤2×10−8 cm3 s−1) using the flowing afterglow/Langmuir probe method. The rate coefficients for H+3 and HCO+ disagree with theory which has predicted very slow dissociative recombinations in the lower vibrational states. The temperature dependences obtained here, although the temperature range is rather limited, are consistent with those obtained previously using the stationary afterglow (for H+3 and HCO+) and the merged beam (for HN+2) techniques. The measurements are extended to several vibration–rotation levels and .
Systematic Design of a Targeted Organometallic Antitumour Drug in Pre-clinical Development

Organometallic ruthenium compds. that are effective anticancer and antimetastasis agents are currently under intensive investigation (see also the article by Peter Sadler in this issue). This article provides a personal account of the way in which we have exploited the different properties of the organoruthenium (and osmium and rhodium) compds. to rival traditional DNA-binding platinum drugs, culminating in the discovery of a non-classical mol. that is in an advanced stage of pre-clin. evaluation.
Damage free Ar ion plasma surface treatment on In0.53Ga0.47As-on-silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor device

In this paper, we investigated the effect of in-situ Ar ion plasma surface pre-treatment in order to improve the interface properties of In0.53Ga0. 47As for high-κ top-gate oxide deposition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) demonstrate that Ar ion treatment removes the native oxide on In0.53Ga0. 47As. The XPS spectra of Ar treated In0.53Ga0. 47As show a decrease in the AsOx and GaOx signal intensities, and the MOSCAPs show higher accumulation capacitance (Cacc), along with reduced frequency dispersion. In addition, Ar treatment is found to suppress the interface trap density (Dit), which thereby led to a reduction in the threshold voltage (Vth) degradation during constant voltage stress and relaxation. These results outline the potential of surface treatment for III-V channel metal-oxide-semiconductor devices and application to non-planar device process.
Study on the Concentration of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Urea Complexation

This study was done to obtain concentrated unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by urea complexation from soybean derived FAME. Effects of urea-to-FAME ratio, 95% ethanol-to-FAME ratio, crystallization temperature and time on the purification of unsaturated FAME were investigated through single factor experiments. Optimum conditions to obtain maximum FAME yield of NUCF with the purity of unsaturated FAME greater than 98% were established using Box-Behnken design (BBD) method and response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal conditions, the FAME yield was 58.08%, and the purity of unsaturated FAME was 98% at a urea-to-FAME ratio of 1.23, 95% ethanol-to-FAME ratio of 7 and crystallization temperature of 0oC. Verification results revealed that the predicted values were reasonably close to experimentally observed values of 56.93% and 98.01%.
Mineralogy and Fertility Status of Selected Soils of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Abstract Thorough knowledge of cultivated soils is necessary for their informed and sustainable management. This study was carried out to gain a better understanding of cropped soils in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The mineralogical and chemical composition and nutrient status of topsoils collected from homestead gardens and fields of smallholdings in 5 of the 36 magisterial districts where smallholder farming prevails in the Province were determined. These data were supplemented with results of soil analyses conducted by an Analytical Services Laboratory that obtains its samples from the 31 magisterial districts where large‐scale farms are dominant. The soils studied were similar mineralogically, and all had a clay fraction that was dominated by quartz, mica, and/or kaolinite, which is fairly typical for many tropical and subtropical soils. Elemental analysis showed that the soils were generally low to very low in their total content of nutrients, except for sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B), reflecting the marine and sedimentary nature of their parent materials. The available nutrient status of the cultivated soils was generally low to very low, especially those found in smallholder fields. This was attributed to low soil organic matter levels and low geological reserves of some nutrients notably phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca), coupled with continuous cultivation of the lands without adequate nutrient replenishment. Depending on location, 75–100% of the fields tested low in pH, 62–100% were low in organic carbon, 83–100% were low in extractable K, 62–93% were low in extractable Ca, and 79–100% were deficient in available phosphorus. The nutrient status of soils receiving moderate to high amounts of nutrients was generally satisfactory, as revealed by the nutrient content of garden soils found on smallholdings and the fields on large‐scale farms. In all cases, soil pH was low to critically low. The findings are used to propose a soil fertility management strategy for the communal areas of the Province.
Area and volume effects on breakdown strength in liquid nitrogen

We measured dc and ac breakdown voltages in liquid nitrogen (LN/sub 2/) with a sphere-to-plane electrode configuration. Experimental results revealed that the breakdown voltage in LN/sub 2/ did not increase monotonously but partially decreased as the sphere diameter increased at a constant gap length. Thus, the existence of the area and the volume effects on the breakdown voltage in LN/sub 2/ was verified quantitatively; the breakdown strength decreased when increasing the. >
Alkali activated solidification/stabilisation of air pollution control residue using co-fired PFA: Mineralogical characterisation

The paper characterises the phases formed in a solidification/stabilisation (s/s) matrix resulting from a blend of air pollution control residue and co-fired pulverised fuel ashes, activated with a waste, aluminium containing, NaOH solution. Characterisation was performed by X-ray diffraction, simultaneous thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis) and SEM. The effects of varying air pollution control/pulverised fuel ashes ratio, curing temperature and time and liquid phase (NaOH or deionised water) on the hydration products in the s/s matrix were studied, as were the changes in phase composition during regulatory leach testing. The principle phases in the s/s matrix, dependent on the process conditions, included Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, NaCl, C–S–H (I), Friedel's salt, katoite, zeolitic phases Na–P1 and sodalite, CaClOH and vishnevite. Some retention of chlorides within Friedel's salt and sodalite during leach testing was observed; however, most was released due to its presence as NaCl. Sulphates were retained as vishnevite during leach tests.
Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of catena-poly[bis(carboxybenzenesulfonato)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline)lead(II)0.5(4,4′-bipy)]

Abstract A new lead complex, {[Pb(4-sb)(phen)](4,4′-bipy)0.5}n (1) (where 4-sb=4-sulfobenzoate dianion, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4′-bipy=4,4′-bipyridine), was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray, infrared, and thermogravimetric analyses and fluorescence studies. In this compound, the lead atom is hexacoordinated by two N atoms of one phen ligand and four O atoms from three 4-sb dianions. Each 4-sb serves as a bridging ligand, connecting adjacent PbII atoms into a centrosymmetric polymeric chain. Intermolecular π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds are observed in the complex, which stabilize the crystal packing and give rise to three-dimensional architecture.
Performance of different leafy vegetables with respect to open field and net house on growth, yield and quality

The present investigation entitled “Performance of different leafy vegetables with respect to open field and net house on growth, yield and quality” was carried out from March to May 2016 at Horticulture Instructional Farm, Department of Horticulture, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. Experiment was laid out in split plot design in which four different vegetables viz., coriander (v1), fenugreek (v2), palak (v3) and amaranth (v4) were taken in sub plot and sown in two growing conditions i.e. open field (c1) and 50 per cent agro shade net (green) (c2) as main plot. Therefore, total eight treatment combinations were replicated thrice. Among two growing conditions, 50 per cent agro shade net (green) performed significantly superior over open field with respect to early germination (5.34 days), maximum plant height (21.69 cm), leaf area (22.05 cm2), minimum days taken for first cutting (30.46), days taken for subsequent cutting (9.89), maximum yield of first cutting (0.75 kg), yield of subsequent cutting (2.77 kg), yield per plot (3.52 kg), maximum yield per hectare (157.14 q), highest iron content (5.40 mg/100g) and carotenoid content (3.81 mg/100g). Among leafy vegetable crops, palak was found significantly superior with respect to plant height (20.54 cm), leaf area (35.02 cm2), minimum days taken for first cutting (30.95), days taken for subsequent cutting (8.41), maximum yield of first cutting (1.06 kg), yield of subsequent cutting (3.38 kg), yield per plot (4.44 kg) and yield per hectare (198.21 q) also maximum chlorophyll a, b & total content (99.62, 61.99, 161.61 mg/100g, respectively) and carotenoid content (5.85 mg/100g). Palak grown under 50 per cent green agro shade net was produced maximum yield (196.9 q) and net return (1:3.71).
The relationship between solution pH and clinical irritancy for carboxylic acid-based personal washing products

The influence of formulation pH on the irritation potential of slurries formed from two commercial products composed entirely or partially of aliphatic carboxylic acid-based surfactants (fatty acids and their salts) was determined in vivo by use of a flex wash. Increasing the pH of a synthetic detergent/fatty acid slurry from its neutral value to a pH of 10 reduced its mildness. The neutral pH of the predominantly non-soap-based cleanser, therefore, makes a significant contribution to its mildness. If it were formulared at pH 10, it would be significantly harsher to the skin than the current neutral formulation. The pH also had a significant effect on the irritation potential of soap-based cleansers. Decreasing the pH of soap slurries from their «normal» pH of approximately 10 to pH 7 reduced their irritation potential. The difference in alkalinity, as measured by pH, is directly relared to the lower irritation potential of both of these formulations. These results demonstrate that pH has an important role in determining the differences in irritation potential of these complex skin cleansing compositions through effects on ionizable constituents
Wax precipitation from North Sea crude oils. 2. Solid-phase content as function of temperature determined by pulsed NMR

A simple, low-resolution pulsed NMR method was applied for determining the amount of solid phase at different temperatures in 17 crude oils of different origins. Protons present in the oils were excited by a pulse of radio frequency radiation. After the pulse, the decay in magnetization was characterized by its signal amplitude obtained 10 and 70 μs after the pulse. The first signal was proportional to the number of protons in the solid and liquid phases, and the latter signal was proportional to the number of protons in the liquid phase. The NMR signals were calibrated against samples of polyethylene dispersed in a wax-free oil
On the Mechanism of Nonaqueous Li–O2 Electrochemistry on C and Its Kinetic Overpotentials: Some Implications for Li–Air Batteries

Quantitative differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry have been combined to probe possible mechanisms and the kinetic overpotentials, responsible for discharge and charge in a Li–O2 battery, using C as the cathode and an electrolyte based on dimethoxyethane as the solvent. Previous spectroscopy experiments (X-ray diffraction, μRaman, IR, XPS) have shown that Li2O2 is the principle product formed during Li–O2 discharge using this electrolyte/cathode combination. At all discharge potentials and charge potentials 4.0 V, the electrochemistry requires significantly more than 2e–/O2, and we take this as evidence for electrolyte decomposition. We find that sequential.
Pengaruh Stres Kerja Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Interbis Sejahtera Palembang

As the period progressis in all side at era global this time, demand rise up give effect for every organization. If employee didn’t to fit this phenomenon, often result strees when the employee work. Stress in work is a condition where the employee in under pressure both emossional and psychologis. As a result of demand was valued as a something pressure cause from work environment. Stress in work will make many kind of behavior in every employee, like positif behavior and negatif, both of them will influence performance in working. Behavior was made from motivation in work will make every employee work more excellent. Performance of employee as positif respons or emosional to company performance at all. For that do research, to know how stress and motivation in work influence significantly to employee performance in PT Interbis Sejahtera Palembang. Subject in this research is half of employee production division as much as 35 employee. Data get from observation, interview, and questioner. This research use five variables conflict in work (X1), burden of work (X2), work time (X3), characteristic of job (X4), and support in group (X5). And then, processing use multiple regression analysis via SPSS software 12.0 version. The result, stress in work was influence as significantly to performace of employee (Sig. Level 0.020<0.05), motivation in work was influence as significantly to performace of employee (Sig. Level 0.000<0.05), stress and motivation in work was influence as significantly to performace of employee (Sig. Level 0.000<0.05). And than from regression analysis have dominant factor of stress in work variable, like support in group (X5) was influence to performance of employee (-0.179) and efforts can do individually ways, like time manage, fitness, relaxation, and sosially support, although organizationally way, like make organizational climate supports.
Multi-Target Deep Neural Networks for Toxicity Prediction / Author Thomas Unterthiner, MSc

In recent years, the machine learning technique known as neural networks underwent a rennaisance, as Geoff Hinton discovered a way to efficiently train neural networks that where both deep and wide [21, 20]. Since then, the so called Deep Learning approach has become the new state of the art method in image recognition [31], speech recognition [15], language processing [49] and a variety of other areas. One area that shows a lot of promise for applying neural networks is the area of drug development. Predicting the toxicity of small chemical compounds instead of determining it experimentally would allow to slash costs by screening millions of compounds for a multitude of different toxicities in silico. What is especially interesting in this application is that it allows for a multi-task machine learning setting. Neural networks can naturally be extended to the multi-task setting, where multiple different predictions are made in parallel [11], as they can share a common hidden representation [5]. In this work, this method is applied to predicting the toxicity of chemical compounds from the Tox21 data set, a high-quality toxicity data set. We compare the multi-task approach to a single-task learning approach and analyze it further in terms of its learned representation and other properties, showing that multi-task learning significantly improves results in this application.
Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a stratified gas flow initiated by the compression waves

The quantitative characteristics of process of excitation and development of turbulence in the mixing zone between the non-reacted hydrogen-oxygen mixture and inert gases were under the investigation. The accelerated motion is created by compression waves generated by a flame front, expanding in a combustible mixture. The experimental study includes definition of the mixing zone evolution during its motion along the channel with acceleration and subsequent deceleration.
Electrode nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries

The state-of-the-art in the field of cathode and anode nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries is considered. The use of these nanomaterials provides higher charge and discharge rates, reduces the adverse effect of degradation processes caused by volume variations in electrode materials upon lithium intercalation and deintercalation and enhances the power and working capacity of lithium-ion batteries. In discussing the cathode materials, attention is focused on double phosphates and silicates of lithium and transition metals and also on vanadium oxides. The anode materials based on nanodispersions of carbon, silicon, certain metals, oxides and on nanocomposites are also described. The bibliography includes 714 references.
Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings

In order to explore the effects of magnetized saline solution treatment on crop growth and development, with Jimai 22 as experimental material, this experiment studied the effects of magnetized water solution of 0.3% NaCl and 0.5% NaCl, groundwater solution of 0.3% NaCl and 0.5% NaCl on SPAD value, soluble protein content and activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) of winter wheat. The results showed that, under the conditions of this experiment, the wheat of the magnetized saline solution treatment had lower SPAD value, higher soluble protein content and higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase with the seedlings growing better than the wheat of the saline solution treatment. Magnetized saline solution increased the salt resistance of wheat and promoted the growth and development of wheat.
Bioefficacy of various formulations of biopesticides against white grub, Leucopholis lepidophora infesting sugarcane under field condition

Field experiment was conducted on the “Bioefficacy of various formulations of biopesticides against Leucopholis lepidophora (Blanchard) infesting sugarcane crop” during 2016-2017 at farmer’s field in endemic area of pest in Kolhapur region during 2016-2017. In field studies the various formulations of EPNs, EPF Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were tested for their efficacy against grubs of L. lepidophora (Blanchard). The treatment with M. anisopliae-talc base @ 5 gm per litre was found to be significantly superior over untreated control and recorded 9.36 per cent clumps mortality at 60 DAT. Treatment with Entomopathogenic Nematode-Powder @ 5 gm per litre showed 11.68 per cent clumps mortality at 60 DAT were next in order of efficacy. Treatment with Entomopathogenic Nematode-spong formulation, Entomopathogenic Nematode Granules were next in order of efficacy.