Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Chemical Quality of Camel’s and Cow’s Milk with Special Reference to Some Heavy Metal Residues

In Egypt, several detailed studies have been carried out on chemical quality and composition of buffalo, cow, and goat milk but it is rare for camel milk. Consequently, the present study was carried out to evaluate the chemical quality and composition of protein, fat, and minerals of camel’s milk compared to cow’s milk to fill the gap in this respect, monitoring the level of heavy metals residues to ensure the availability of these milk for consumption. Random fifty milk samples collected from healthy camel and cow at Marsa Matrouh and Alexandria Governorates. The samples were analysed for titratable acidity, pH and acid values as a chemical quality index. Also, for total protein, fat, Ash, Cholesterol content, amino acids and fatty acid pattern, minerals, and some heavy metal residues. The obtained results revealed high chemical quality index of camel’s and cow’s milk. Total percentage of fat, protein, ash and cholesterol content were (4.6, 2.72, 0.79% and 9 mg/100 ml) and were (3.7, 3.5, 0.8%, and 5.5 mg/100ml) for camel’s and cow’s milk, respectively Amino acids pattern showed higher significant percentage of threonine, serine, glutamic, proline, cystine, methionine, leucine, histidine, lysine, ammonia, and total essential amino acids in camel’s milk. Tyrosine and isoleucine in cow’s milk showed highly significant percentage. Fatty acids profile showed the presence of 11 various fatty acids, in camel’s milk and 13 in cow’s milk, respectively. Butyric (C4:0) and Caproic acids (C6:0) were not detected in camel’s milk, and pentadeconoic acid (C15:0) was not detected in cow’s milk. Short chain fatty acids showed significantly higher percentage in cow’s milk but medium chain of high nutritive value also, linoleaic and linoleic acids which have potential health benefits and have potent anticarcinogenic effect were significantly higher in camel’s milk. Minerals concentration (Fe, Mg, Ca, P, Na, and K) showed insignificantly higher camel’s than cow’s milk. Heavy metal residues declared that cow’s milk showed significant higher concentration of zinc, cobalt, lead, and chromium than camel’s milk with mean values (100.02, 11.792, 8.038, and 0.98mg/kg), respectively. Generally, 100% of cow’s milk samples exceeded permissible limit of lead, zinc and Cadmium percentage in cow’s and camel’s milk exceeding permissible limit in (80%, 20%) of samples, respectively.
A histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of platelet- rich plasma on a corneal alkali burn in adult male albino rat

Background: Ocular chemical injuries are an emergency that needs immediate and intensive evaluation and treatment. Platelet- rich plasma (PRP) has become a common treatment in the field of ophthalmological surgery.Aim of the study: to evaluate and compare the alleviating effect of a single dose of PRP injection applied either after 2 hours or 48 hours on an alkali-induced corneal burn.Materials & Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were equally divided into 5 groups; Control, PRP group, alkali-burn group, alkali-burn+ PRP-treated after 2hours group and alkali-burn+ PRP-treated after 48hours group. Corneal specimens were processed for different histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Results: Alkali burnt cornea revealed focal discontinuity and denudation of corneal epithelium alternating with focal disorganization and stratification. Bowman’s membrane appeared irregular with focal disruption. The Descemet’s membrane appeared thinned out and disrupted. Mononuclear cellular infiltration and invasion with small blood vessels were observed. Upon intervention with PRP after 2hours of alkali-burn, a near normal corneal histological structure was observed. Yet upon intervention with PRP after 48hours of alkali-burn, a disturbed corneal histological structure with vacuolated epithelium and some nuclear changes were detected. A highly significant difference in the immunohistochemical staining for detection of P53, Ki67, MMP-1 and MMP-9 was detected upon alkali burn compared to the control, whereas a non-significant difference was observed in group IV compared to the control group, yet a significant difference was detected between group V and the control group. Conclusion: A single dose PRP injection had an effective alleviating effect on alkali-induced corneal burn, yet the PRP injection after 2hours of the burn was more efficient in restoring the corneal healthy surface rather than its application after 48 hours.
AlGaN/GaN field effect transistor with two lateral Schottky barrier gates towards resonant detection in sub-mm range

We report on the investigations of AlGaN/GaN field effect transistors with two lateral Schottky barrier gates on the sides of the two-dimensional electron gas. This kind of ‘EdgeFET’ allowed us to efficiently control the current flow in the 2DEG conduction channel. Moreover, due to depletion, regions at a certain range of reverse biasing form a nanowire, which is beneficial for the adjustable resonant THz detection. Our studies of DC characteristics and photoresponse in the sub-terahertz frequency confirm the validity of the approach.
Upper tropospheric CH4 and CO affected by the South Asian summer monsoon during the Oxidation Mechanism Observations mission

Abstract. The Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) is annual phenomenon in the northern hemispheric upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. It is part of the South Asian summer monsoon system, and it has a clearly observable signature due to the vertical transport of polluted air masses from the surface to the upper troposphere by monsoon convection. We performed in situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) in the region of monsoon outflow and in background air in the upper troposphere (Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula, and Arabian Sea) using optical absorption spectroscopy on board the High Altitude and LOng range (HALO) research aircraft during the OMO (Oxidation Mechanism Observations) mission in summer 2015. We identified the transport pathways and the origin of the trace gases with back trajectories, which were calculated using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, and we compared the in situ data with simulations of the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model EMAC. CH4 and CO mixing ratios were found to be enhanced within the AMA, the in situ data increased by 72.1 and 20.1 ppbv on average, respectively, and originated in the South Asian region (Indo-Gangetic Plain, northeastern India, Bangladesh, and the Bay of Bengal). It appears that CH4 is an ideal monsoon tracer in the upper troposphere due to its extended lifetime and the strong South Asian emissions. Furthermore, we used the measurements and model results to study the dynamics of the AMA over several weeks during the monsoon season, with an emphasis on the southern and western areas in the upper troposphere. We distinguished four AMA modes based on different meteorological conditions. On one occasion we observed that under the influence of dwindling flow the transport barrier between the anticyclone and its surroundings weakened, expelling air masses from the AMA. The trace gases exhibited a distinct AMA fingerprint; we also found that CH4 accumulated over the course of the OMO campaign.
La liaison membranaire de neuroprotéines sensibles au calcium impliquées dans la phototransduction visuelle et optimisation de la méthode d'analyse de la liaison de protéines aux films monomoléculaires lipidiques

Recoverin and GCAP-1 are members of the neuronal calcium sensor family of proteins (NCS). These two proteins are N-myristoylated and are constituted by EF-hand calcium binding motifs. They participate in the recovery of phototransduction that occurs at the surface of disc membranes of photoreceptor outer segments. The membrane binding of recoverin and GCAP-1 has been studied using monomolecular films of phospholipids. A method of analysis that provides information on the affinity of proteins to phospholipid monolayers has also been proposed. This method allows to quickly identify the peripheral type of binding of proteins to lipid monolayers. We encourage its evaluation with a larger number of proteins to find out whether it can be used as a more general model of analysis. Recoverin is an amphitropic protein. In the absence of calcium, its acyl group is buried in a hydrophobic pocket. In the presence of calcium, structural rearrangements allow the extrusion of its myristoyl group which allows its membrane binding. We determined that recoverin has a high affinity for anionic phospholipid monolayers. We have demonstrated that this specific binding is induced by the presence of a cluster of positive charges near the myristoyl group of recoverin. In addition, the N-myristoylation appears to be responsible for the particular lateral distribution of of this protein. We are now proposing to study the influence of the large content in polyunsaturated phospholipids of photoreceptor disc membranes on the membrane binding of recoverin. On the basis of its high-resolution structure, it has been determined that GCAP-1 does not show a calcium-myristoyl switch. However, we present an analysis of the structures of the NCS family of proteins that suggests that extrusion of the myristoyl group of GCAP-1 could be possible in the presence of membranes. We showed that a fraction of these myristoyl groups are immobilized in membranes. Moreover, we demonstrate that GCAP-1 also has a much stronger affinity for anionic phospholipids in the presence than in the absence of calcium. We thus proposed a mechanism of activity for this protein. Structural studies will be needed to confirm this mechanism.
Response of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to Foliar Application of Ethrel, Kinetin and Boron

Pulses and grain legumes are major sources of dietary protein. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the major pulse crops grown in India and third largest produced food legume globally, after common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The cultivation of chickpea has number of problems like extended period of flowering and pod formation and their shedding. The productivity of chickpea is found to be poor International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 11 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Study on the activity of ZnO-SnO2 nanocomposite against bacteria and fungi

: ZnO-SnO 2 nanocomposite was prepared by the sol-gel method. The as-prepared nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrograph (SEM-EDX), FTIR and UV-Visible spectrometer analysis techniques. The average particle size of nanocomposite was calculated from the XRD study. The average particle size of the prepared nanocomposite was 22 nm. According to the UV-Visible spectrum, the band gap value of 5.06 eV was obtained for the ZnO-SnO 2 nanocomposite. From the analysis techniques it was found that the metal oxides of ZnO-SnO 2 mainly consist of ZnO and SnO 2 metal oxides. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the ZnO-SnO 2 nanocomposite were studied against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) , Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 11994) (Gram-positive), Salmonella typhi (ATCC14028) , Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) Gram-negative), Candida albicans (ATCC10231) , and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) (fungi)by two methods through the turbidity method or reading optical density and inhibition zone, which were carried out in the absence of irradiation. We observed an effective antibacterial and antifungal activity of the ZnO-SnO 2 nanocomposite against bacteria and fungi.
The Grain for Green Project intensifies evapotranspiration in the revegetation area of the Loess Plateau in China

The Grain for Green Project (GFGP) in Chinas Loess Plateau significantly influences regional vegetation growth and water cycles, especially the inter-annual variability of terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET). In this study, we analyzed the spatial-temporal variations of ET and its driving factors before the period of (1982−1997) and after implementing of the GFGP in the revegetation area of the Loess Plateau during 2001−2015. Firstly, three sets of ET products are collected herein, including global flux product evapotranspiration (FLUXNET ET, FET), model simulation WB-MTE-ET (WET) and GLEAM ET (GET). To evaluate the performance of the ET products in the Loess Plateau, we calculated the mean annual streamflow ( Q mod) based on the water balance equation with three sets of ET products against the observed mean annual streamflow ( Q obs) at seven catchments over the Loess Plateau. The results indicated that Q mod estimated from GET shows the best agreement with Q obs in terms of both spatial ( R 2=0.97, P 0.01) and temporal ( R 2=0.94, P 0.01) variations. Thus, we selected GLEAM ET (GET) products in the following analysis. Secondly, we analyzed the trend of annual NDVI and ET in the growing season before and after implementing of the GFGP in the revegetation area using the linear regression. Furthermore, we conducted the stepwise regression analysis to identify the controlling factors that affect the ET changes in the revegetation area during different period. The environmental factors included soil moisture, air temperature, precipitation and averaged Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during the growing season. The results showed that: (1) The inter-annual variability of ET in the revegetation area was significantly increased after implementing of the GFGP compared with that before the GFGP. The inter-annual ET variability also exhibited great spatial differences which showed the highest peak in the regions with annual precipitation ranging from 400 to 600 mm a-1. (2) Compared with the mean air temperature and total precipitation in growing-seasons, the variation of NDVI contributed the most to the changes in ET followed by the soil water content. (3) After implementing of the GFGP, the contribution of the soil water content to ET variation has generally declined, while the contribution of NDVI has increased. This study reveals the influence of the GFGP on the regional water cycle in terms of ET variation, which is of guiding importance to the ecological engineering construction, as well as the rational water resources allocation.
Quantification of Urinary Metabolites of Toluene and Xylene Isomers as Biological Indices of Occupational Exposure in Printing Industry Workers

Background: In the printing industry, workers are occupationally exposed to an extensive variety of chemical solvents, including toluene and xylene. Biological monitoring is an essential tool for assessing occupational health risk. Objectives: The aimof thepresent studywas to evaluateoccupational exposureto tolueneand xylene, as wellas the biomarkersof exposure, in workers of the printing industry. Methods: Thehippuricacid(HA)ando-,m-andp-methylhippuricacids(o-,m-,p-MHAs)asthebiomarkersofoccupationalexposure to toluene and each of the three xylene isomers, respectively, were determined in the urine samples of 84 subjects, including 44 printing workers and 40 non-exposed subjects. Results: The mean concentrations of toluene (37.64 ± 24.09 ppm) in the breathing zone of workers were higher, and the mean levelof eachof thethreeisomersof xylene(o-,m-,andp-xylene)waslessthantheAmericanConferenceof GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs). In addition, the levels of urinary HA, o-MHA, and m- and p-MHA in the exposed group were 0.15 ± 0.04, 0.11 ± 0.01, and 0.19 ± 0.07 g g -1 creatinine, respectively. Printing workers showed a signiﬁcant increase in the levels of urinary HA compared to the non-exposed subjects (P < 0.001). The correlation analysis demonstrated signiﬁcant correlations between the intensity of the occupational exposure to toluene and xylene and the level of exposure biomarkers in the urine. Conclusions: The results indicated that although all the urinary biomarkers of exposure were below the Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) recommended by ACGIH, the levels of the urinary metabolites of toluene and xylene were increased in printing workers. Therefore, monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene and xylene is helpful in the following-up of aﬀected workers in the printing industry.
Ultrasound from underground: cryptic communication in subterranean wild-living and captive northern mole voles (Ellobius talpinus)

ABSTRACT This study provides the first evidence of ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs) in a truly subterranean rodent, the northern mole vole Ellobius talpinus. Calls were recorded by attracting callers with a bait to burrow entrances, where they were mostly visible to researchers. USVs recorded from 14 different burrows in southern Russia were verified as belonging to Ellobius talpinus by comparison with USVs of two wild-captured young males and by comparison with USVs of four adults from a captive colony. As a first attempt at exploring the function of USV diversity, we defined upward-intense USVs, with a maximum fundamental frequency (f0) of 35.32 ± 5.11 kHz, and variable-faint USVs, with a maximum f0 of 31.40 ± 7.78 kHz. Compared to variable-faint USVs, the upward-intense USVs were longer, had a larger depth of frequency modulation and were produced at high intensity in regular series. The upward-intense USVs were lower in the maximum and peak frequencies in the wild than in captivity, whereas the variable-faint USVs did not differ between recordings from the wild and from captivity. We discuss that similar ranges of acoustic variables found in USVs of Ellobius talpinus and surface-dwelling Arvicolinae species do not support the hypothesis that subterranean life has drastically reduced ultrasonic vocalisation in rodents.
Mycorrhizal Efficiency in Pepper Yield by Fertilization in Clay Soil Growth Conditions

Biomass responses to mycorrhizae and fertilization of phosphorus (P) and elemental sulfur (ES) on green pepper ( Capsicum annuum L .) grown for 45 days on calcareous sterilized Menekse soil (sub-group Typic Xerorthent) were investigated. Root yield was increased by mycorrhizal inoculation compared to the control treatment. However, shoot yield remained unchanged. On the other hand, there was more synergistic effect between mycorrhizae and combined fertilization of ES and P, compared to the ES or P fertilization alone. Accordingly, shoot concentrations of P significantly increased. The other shoot nutrient concentrations differed independently from each other (p>0.05). Results showed that P and ES fertilization increased the efficieny of mycorrhizae in the clay soil growth conditions and mycorrhizae has potential to increase yield.
Dehydrogenative Sn-E (E = S, Se) bond formation catalyzed by an iron complex

Iron complex-catalyzed dehydrogenative Sn‒E (E = S, Se) bond formation of hydrostannane with thiol and selenol was achieved. All new compounds were fully characterized using H, C{H}, Se{H}, and Sn{H} NMR measurements and elemental analyses. The structure of 1,1'-(1,3-dithia-2,2-dibutylstanyl)-[3]ferrocenophane was confirmed by single crystal
Phase diagram of magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys: insights from theory and experiment

ABSTRACT The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of FeGa alloys are studied computationally in the composition range up to 31.25 at. % and experimentally about 27 at. %. Ga content. Using ab initio calculations, it is shown that as Ga content increases, the lattice parameters are found to increase for all types of structures, as opposed to the magnetic moment behavior. The phase diagram is plotted as a function of energy. In agreement with experimental results, the following sequences of phase transformations are observed: D03→A2 ( at.%), D0L1A2 ( at.%), and L1D0B2A2 ( at.%). It is found that the L12 cubic structure possesses the largest degree of spin polarization. Experimental studies of Fe-Ga as cast alloys at a constant heating rate and isothermal annealing carried out by means of in situ neutron diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry demonstrate the sequence of phase transitions of the I and II order.
Non-Covalent Interactions Involving Alkaline-Earth Atoms and Lewis Bases B: An ab Initio Investigation of Beryllium and Magnesium Bonds, B···MR2 (M = Be or Mg, and R = H, F or CH3)

Geometries, equilibrium dissociation energies (De), intermolecular stretching, and quadratic force constants (kσ) determined by ab initio calculations conducted at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory, with De obtained by using the complete basis set (CBS) extrapolation [CCSD(T)/CBS energy], are presented for the B···BeR2 and B···MgR2 complexes, where B is one of the following Lewis bases: CO, H2S, PH3, HCN, H2O or NH3, and R is H, F or CH3. The BeR2 and MgR2 precursor molecules were shown to be linear and non-dipolar. The non-covalent intermolecular bond in the B···BeR2 complexes is shown to result from the interaction of the electrophilic band around the Be atom of BeR2 (as indicated by the molecular electrostatic potential surface) with non-bonding electron pairs of the base, B, and may be described as a beryllium bond by analogy with complexes such as B···CO2, which contain a tetrel bond. The conclusions for the B···MgR2 series are similar and a magnesium bond can be correspondingly invoked. The geometries established for B···BeR2 and B···MgR2 can be rationalized by a simple rule previously enunciated for tetrel-bonded complexes of the type B···CO2. It is also shown that the dissociation energy, De, is directly proportional to the force constant, kσ, in each B···MR2 series, but with a constant of proportionality different from that established for many hydrogen-bonded B···HX complexes and halogen-bonded B···XY complexes. The values of the electrophilicity, EA, determined from the De for B···BeR2 complexes for the individual Lewis acids, A, reveal the order A = BeF2 > BeH2 > Be(CH3)2—a result that is consistent with the −I and +I effects of F and CH3 relative to H. The conclusions for the MgR2 series are similar but, for a given R, they have smaller electrophilicities than those of the BeR2 series. A definition of alkaline-earth non-covalent bonds is presented.
Heterogeneity in Local Chemical Bonding Explains Spectral Broadening in Quantum Dots with Cu Impurities

Quantum dots (QDs) with optically active Cu impurities have been proposed as heavy-metal-free alternatives to Cd and Pb chalcogenides. However, the origin of their unusual optical properties is not well understood. In particular, spectral broadening is an issue for their use in high-color-purity light-emitting diodes and reabsorption-free solar windows. Here, we show with density functional theory calculations that chemical bonding variations have a major effect on the optical properties of Cu-doped ZnSe QDs. The Cu–Se coordination sphere is highly covalent and therefore sensitive to local variations in electrostatics and bond geometry. Correspondingly, changes in the Cu impurity environment lead to large shifts in their ground-state energy, which causes spectral broadening when multiple Cu impurity bonding environments coexist as subensembles with distinct absorption and emission energies. We conclude that while electron–phonon coupling is stronger for these systems than for typical II–VI QDs, spectral b.