Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet Galaxy Counts from Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Observations of the Hubble Deep Fields

We present galaxy counts in the near-ultraviolet (NUV; 2365 Å) and far-ultraviolet (FUV; 1595 Å) obtained from Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations of portions of the Hubble Deep Field-North (HDF-N), the Hubble Deep Field-South (HDF-S), and a parallel field near the HDF-N. All three fields have deep (AB > 29) optical imaging, and we determine magnitudes by taking the ultraviolet flux detected within the limiting optical isophote. An analysis of the UV-optical colors of detected objects, combined with a visual inspection of the UV images, indicates that there are no detectable objects in the UV images that are not also detected in the optical. We determine our detection area and completeness as a function of magnitude with a simulated distribution of galaxies based on the HDF-N Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) V + I image. The galaxy counts reach to NUVAB = 29 and FUVAB = 30, which is 1 mag fainter than the HDF-N WFPC2/F300W counts and 7 mag fainter than balloon-based counts. We integrate our measurements in order to present the extragalactic background radiation coming from resolved objects. The NUV galaxy counts show a flattening or turnover beginning at about NUVAB = 26.0, which is not predicted either by no-evolution models based on a local luminosity function with a steep faint-end slope or by a semianalytic model in which starbursts are caused by major mergers. The FUV counts also show a flat slope. We argue that the flat slopes could be caused by a short duty cycle for star formation, additional starbursts triggered by minor mergers, and an extended quiescent phase between starburst episodes.
Experimental investigation of the propagation of a planar shock wave through a two-phase gas-liquid medium

We conducted a series of shock tube experiments to study the influence of a cloud of water droplets on the propagation of a planar shock wave. In a vertically oriented shock tube, the cloud of droplets was released downwards into the air at atmospheric pressure while the shock wave propagated upwards. Two shock wave Mach numbers, 1.3 and 1.5, and three different heights of clouds, 150 mm, 400 mm, and 700 mm, were tested with an air-water volume fraction and a droplet diameter fixed at 1.2% and 500 mu m, respectively. From high-speed visualization and pressure measurements, we analyzed the effect of water clouds on the propagation of the shock wave. It was shown that the pressure histories recorded in the two-phase gas-liquid mixture are different from those previously obtained in the gas-solid case. This different behavior is attributed to the process of atomization of the droplets, which is absent in the gas-solid medium. Finally, it was observed that the shock wave attenuation was dependent on the exchange surface crossed by the shock combined with the breakup criterion. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3657083]
Who's Publishing Systematic Reviews? An Examination Beyond the Health Sciences

The number of systematic reviews (SRs) published continues to grow, and the methodology of evidence synthesis has been adopted in many fields outside of its traditional health sciences origins. SRs are now published in fields as wide ranging as business, environmental science, education, and engineering; however, there is little research looking at the nature and prevalence of non-health sciences systematic reviews (non-HSSRs). In this study, a large sample from the Scopus database was used as the basis for analyzing SRs published outside the health sciences. To map the current state of non-HSSRs, their characteristics were investigated and the subject areas publishing them determined. The results showed that a majority of the non-HSSRs examined were lacking at least one characteristic commonly expected in health sciences systematic review (HSSRs) methodology. The broad subject areas publishing non-HSSRs fall mostly within the social sciences and physical sciences.
Antecedents of destination advocacy using symmetrical and asymmetrical modeling techniques

ABSTRACT This study uses a multi-method approach to examine antecedents of destination advocacy. Data were collected from 549 respondents via Amazon MTurk. A symmetrical analysis based on partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and asymmetrical analysis based on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis explore how combinations of various antecedents, including hospitality, perceived authenticity, destination experience quality, and destination love lead to high and low levels of destination advocacy. Findings indicate that hospitality and authenticity significantly impact destination experience quality. Moreover, destination experience quality and destination love have a significant impact on destination advocacy. Finally, fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) results reveal that a high level of hospitality and destination quality leads to destination advocacy.
INPP5D deficiency attenuates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Inositol polyphosphate‐5‐phosphatase (INPP5D) is a microglia‐enriched lipid phosphatase in the central nervous system. A non‐coding variant (rs35349669) in INPP5D increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and elevated INPP5D expression is associated with increased plaque deposition. INPP5D negatively regulates signaling via several microglial cell surface receptors, including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2); however, the impact of INPP5D inhibition on AD pathology remains unclear.
Preparation of an Antioxidant Assembly Based on a Copolymacrolactone Structure and Erythritol following an Eco-Friendly Strategy

The study presents the achievement of a new assembly with antioxidant behaviour based on a copolymacrolactone structure that encapsulates erythritol (Eryt). Poly(ethylene brassylate-co-squaric acid) (PEBSA) was synthesised in environmentally friendly conditions, respectively, through a process in suspension in water by opening the cycle of ethylene brassylate macrolactone, followed by condensation with squaric acid. The compound synthesised in suspension was characterised by comparison with the polymer obtained by polymerisation in solution. The investigations revealed that, with the exception of the molecular masses, the compounds generated by the two synthetic procedures present similar properties, including good thermal stability, with a Tpeak of 456 °C, and the capacity for network formation. In addition, the investigation by dynamic light scattering techniques evidenced a mean diameter for PEBSA particles of around 596 nm and a zeta potential of −25 mV, which attests to their stability. The bio-based copolymacrolactone was used as a matrix for erythritol encapsulation. The new PEBSA–Eryt compound presented an increased sorption/desorption process, compared with the PEBSA matrix, and a crystalline morphology confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The bioactive compound was also characterised in terms of its biocompatibility and antioxidant behaviour.
GENDER DIFFERENCES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN SPEAKING ABILITY

This study aims to see the differences of the ability in speaking English between male and female students at the senior high school level. This study employed descriptive qualitative research. The study was conducted at SMAN 1 Bengkulu Selatan. The population was Class XI IPS 4 where the total number of students in this class was 27 students.There were ten male students and ten female students of senior high school Bengkulu Selatan, Bengkulu, Indonesia, as the samples of this study, therefore the researcher focused on using 20 students as thedata source. The activities carried out by researcher in data collection were by giving and recording 3 (three) minutes session of speaking activities about student personal experience. Then the data were rechecked, evaluated, and corrected. The researcher used assessment indicators, namely: pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, fluency, and understanding. The results were described in the form of numbers, properties, and characteristics. The result of this study showed that between male and female students, female students were better that male students in the speaking as seen from the results of comprehension, vocabulary, and pronunciation. On the other hand, male students had better scores in grammar and fluency. From the result, it can be concluded that both male and female students at SMAN1 Bengkulu Selatan were fluent to speak English based on different indicators.
Object localization with 10 nm accuracy by x-ray phase contrast projection imaging

The present work focuses on the question of localizing single object by hard x-ray phase contrast projection imaging. The authors present a setup where an x-ray channel waveguide defines a “quasi-point source” used to illuminate and image an object in a highly coherent cone beam. Knife edge fluorescence scans revealed a beam diameter of 75nm at a distance of 30μm behind the guide. The recorded image corresponds to an in-line hologram of the object which can be reconstructed numerically. Object translations and associated shifts in the hologram allow for the 10nm localization accuracy.
Resonant depletion of photogenerated carriers in InGaAs/GaAs nanowire mats

Photoluminescence excitation spectra of InGaAs in InGaAs/GaAs heterostructure nanowire mats show clear antiresonances at the critical points of the joint density of states of the GaAs barrier. This remarkable effect arises from resonant light absorption in the upper GaAs segments, with ensuing reduction of photogenerated carriers reaching the lower InGaAs segments. The extent of this effect depends strongly on the excitation geometry of the wires, as well as on their areal density. Our work suggests that a careful design is required for optimal light conversion in nanowire-based solar cell devices.
Potential Geographical Distribution of Medicinal Plant Ephedra sinica Stapf under Climate Change

Ephedra sinica Stapf is an important traditional medicinal plant. However, in recent years, due to climate change and human activities, its habitat area and distribution area have been decreasing sharply. In order to provide better protection for E. sinica, it is necessary to study the historical and future potential zoning of E. sinica. The maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to simulate the potential geographical distribution patterns of E. sinica under historical and future climatic conditions simulated using two Shared Socio-economic Pathways. The main results were also analyzed using the jackknife method and ArcGIS. The results showed that: (1) the potential suitable distribution area of E. sinica in China is about 29.18 × 105 km2—high-suitable areas, medium-suitable areas, and low-suitable areas cover 6.38 × 105 km2, 8.62 × 105 km2, 14.18 × 105 km2, respectively—and E. sinica is mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia; (2) precipitation and temperature contribute more to the distribution of E. sinica; (3) under two kinds of SSPs, the total suitable area of E. sinica increased significantly, but the differences between 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100 are not obvious; (4) the barycentre of E. sinica moves from the historical position to its southwest. The results show that E. sinica can easily adapt to future climates well, and its ecological value will become more important. This study provides scientific guidance for the protection, management, renewal and maintenance of E. sinica.
Combining short-range dispersion simulations with fine-scale meteorological ensembles: probabilistic indicators and evaluation during a 85Kr field campaign

Abstract. Numerical atmospheric dispersion models (ADMs) are used for predicting the health and environmental consequences of nuclear accidents in order to anticipate countermeasures necessary to protect the populations. However, these simulations suffer from significant uncertainties, arising in particular from input data: weather conditions and source term. Meteorological ensembles are already used operationally to characterize uncertainties in weather predictions. Combined with dispersion models, these ensembles produce different scenarios of radionuclide dispersion, called “members”, representative of the variety of possible forecasts. In this study, the fine-scale operational weather ensemble AROME-EPS (Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale-Ensemble Prediction System) from Météo-France is coupled with the Gaussian puff model pX developed by the IRSN (French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety). The source term data are provided at 10 min resolution by the Orano La Hague reprocessing plant (RP) that regularly discharges 85Kr during the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing process. In addition, a continuous measurement campaign of 85Kr air concentration was recently conducted by the Laboratory of Radioecology in Cherbourg (LRC) of the IRSN, within 20 km of the RP in the North-Cotentin peninsula, and is used for model evaluation. This paper presents a probabilistic approach to study the meteorological uncertainties in dispersion simulations at local and medium distances (2–20 km). First, the quality of AROME-EPS forecasts is confirmed by comparison with observations from both Météo-France and the IRSN. Then, the probabilistic performance of the atmospheric dispersion simulations was evaluated by comparison to the 85Kr measurements carried out during a period of 2 months, using two probabilistic scores: relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Peirce skill score (PSS). The sensitivity of dispersion results to the method used for the calculation of atmospheric stability and associated Gaussian dispersion standard deviations is also discussed. A desirable feature for a model used in emergency response is the ability to correctly predict exceedance of a given value (for instance, a dose guide level). When using an ensemble of simulations, the “decision threshold” is the number of members predicting an event above which this event should be considered probable. In the case of the 16-member dispersion ensemble used here, the optimal decision threshold was found to be 3 members, above which the ensemble better predicts the observed peaks than the deterministic simulation. These results highlight the added value of ensemble forecasts compared to a single deterministic one and their potential interest in the decision process during crisis situations.
Trends in Language Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Relationship Between Language Use and Mental Health: Text Analysis Based on Free Responses From a Longitudinal Study

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions have been a major stressor that has exacerbated mental health worldwide. Qualitative data play a unique role in documenting mental states through both language features and content. Text analysis methods can provide insights into the associations between language use and mental health and reveal relevant themes that emerge organically in open-ended responses. Objective The aim of this web-based longitudinal study on mental health during the early COVID-19 pandemic was to use text analysis methods to analyze free responses to the question, “Is there anything else you would like to tell us that might be important that we did not ask about? ” Our goals were to determine whether individuals who responded to the item differed from nonresponders, to determine whether there were associations between language use and psychological status, and to characterize the content of responses and how responses changed over time. Methods A total of 3655 individuals enrolled in the study were asked to complete self-reported measures of mental health and COVID-19 pandemic–related questions every 2 weeks for 6 months. Of these 3655 participants, 2497 (68.32%) provided at least 1 free response (9741 total responses). We used various text analysis methods to measure the links between language use and mental health and to characterize response themes over the first year of the pandemic. Results Response likelihood was influenced by demographic factors and health status: those who were male, Asian, Black, or Hispanic were less likely to respond, and the odds of responding increased with age and education as well as with a history of physical health conditions. Although mental health treatment history did not influence the overall likelihood of responding, it was associated with more negative sentiment, negative word use, and higher use of first-person singular pronouns. Responses were dynamically influenced by psychological status such that distress and loneliness were positively associated with an individual’s likelihood to respond at a given time point and were associated with more negativity. Finally, the responses were negative in valence overall and exhibited fluctuations linked with external events. The responses covered a variety of topics, with the most common being mental health and emotion, social or physical distancing, and policy and government. Conclusions Our results identify trends in language use during the first year of the pandemic and suggest that both the content of responses and overall sentiments are linked to mental health.
The Effect of State Minimum Wage Increases on Nonprofit Organizations

The impact of minimum wage increases on employment has been extensively examined with mixed results. We extend the literature by hypothesizing and showing a differential impact of state-level minimum wage increases on nonprofit organizations as opposed to for-profit organizations. While we find that increases in minimum wages reduce employment growth in both types of organizations, this decrease is substantially larger for nonprofit organizations. We also find that investment in automation, that is, information technology, rises in nonprofits postminimum wage increase, consistent with the substitution of capital for labor. Minimum wage increases also increase the likelihood of nonprofit exit. JEL: J38, J68, L
Novel Polyelectrolyte-Based Draw Solute That Overcomes the Trade-Off between Forward Osmosis Performance and Ease of Regeneration

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology for seawater and brackish desalination, wastewater treatment, and other applications, such as food processing, power generation, and protein and pharmaceutical enrichment. However, choosing a draw solute (DS) that provides an appropriate driving force and, at the same time, is easy to recover, is challenging. In this study, water-soluble poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) was modified by a high-electrical-conductivity 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer to fabricate a novel draw solute (mPSS). FO tests with the CTA membrane in the active layer facing the feed solution (AL-FS) orientation, using a 50 mS/cm aqueous solution of synthesized solute and distilled water as a feed solution exhibited a water flux of 4.2 L h−1 m−2 and a corresponding reverse solute flux of 0.19 g h−1 m−2. The FO tests with the same membrane, using a 50 mS/cm NaCl control draw solution, yielded a lower water flux of 3.6 L h−1 m−2 and a reverse solute flux of 4.13 g h−1 m−2, which was more than one order of magnitude greater. More importantly, the synthesized draw solute was easily regenerated using a commercial ultrafiltration membrane (PS35), which showed over 96% rejection.
Thermal relaxation oscillations in horizontal-branch stars

In a recent numerical investigation of the effect of trapped cosmions on horizontal-branch (HB) stars, thermal pulses were observed to occur if the energy transfer provided by these weakly interacting particles was chosen to be efficient enough to break convection. A simple analytic two-zone model of the core of an HB star is presented which allows the interpretation of these pulsations as oscillations of thermal relaxation between the small energy generating nuclear core and the overlying gravothermal buffer. It is shown that any novel form of energy transfer which breaks convection will lead to this behavior where the usual stellar conductive equilibrium is replaced by a limit cycle. The star follows this cycle, oscillating with a period roughly given by the Kelvin-Helmholtz time scale of the core. 20 refs.
On the size of representative volume element for Darcy law in random media

Most studies of effective properties of random heterogeneous materials are based on the assumption of the existence of a representative volume element (RVE), without quantitatively specifying its size L relative to that of the micro-heterogeneity d. In this paper, we study the finite-size scaling trend to RVE of the Darcy law for Stokesian flow in random porous media, without invoking any periodic structure assumptions, but only assuming the microstructure's statistics to be spatially homogeneous and ergodic. By analogy to the existing methodology in thermomechanics of random materials, we first formulate a Hill–Mandel condition for the Darcy flow velocity and pressure gradient fields. This dictates uniform Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions, which, with the help of two variational principles, lead to scale-dependent hierarchies on effective (RVE level) permeability. To quantitatively assess the scaling trend towards the RVE, these hierarchies are computed for various porosities of random disc systems, where the disc centres are generated by a planar hard-core Poisson point field. Overall, it turns out that the higher is the density of random discs—or, equivalently, the narrower are the micro-channels in the system—the smaller is the size of RVE pertaining to the Darcy law.
The effects of perceived social support on loneliness

The principal objective of this research is to test the effects of perceived social support on loneliness with various age-dependent respondents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample is made up of 442 respondents (41% male), who are arranged into five age categories: up to 25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, over 55 years old. These subsamples are administered according to the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1980) and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988), which measures perceived social support from three sources - family, friends, and significant other. The results of regression analysis show that in all five models the perceived support of a friend is a statistically significant negative predictor of loneliness, while the perceived support of family is a significant negative predictor of loneliness with respondents up to 25, from 36 to 45 and over 55. Support of significant other is a statistically significant negative predictor only in the sample of respondents from 46 to 55 years old. Results show that a significant predictor of loneliness for respondents of a specific age category is the sense of support from a person who is largely not fulfilling that role.