Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical study of C18O dense cloud cores and star formation

Dense molecular cloud cores are studied statistically in nearby (d 200 pc) star-forming regions (SFRs) that show various modes of star formation. As a result of the C 18 O survey of NANTEN and the 4 m radio telescopes of Nagoya University, 179 cores have been collected in the SFRs of Taurus, the Oph cloud, the Ophiuchus north region, the Lupus clouds, L1333, the Corona Australis cloud, Southern Coalsack, and the Pipe nebula, and their physical properties investigated. According to their star-formation activities, the cores are divided into 3 categories as 136 starless, 36 star-forming, and 7 cluster-forming cores. It is found that cores with active star formation tend to have larger N(H2), n(H2), and M. The mass function of the cores does not appear to follow a single power-law function, but the power-law index is subject to change with the mass range. The average star-formation eciency (SFE) of the cores is roughly10%, and the expected stellar mass function from the SFE approximates the stellar initial-mass function (IMF). Virial analysis shows that the star-forming cores are gravitationally more bound, with smaller virial ratios than the starless cores, while cluster-forming cores are marginally bound with moderate virial ratios. We found that turbulent decay is indicated by diminishing V from the starless to the star-forming cores. It is suggested that the turbulent decay is necessary for star formation, while formed star clusters provide the turbulence and make the cores unbound. Molecular clouds associated with the clusters tend to have head-tail structures and the cluster formation takes place at the head. This implies that the clouds are aected by external shocks, which have triggered cluster formation. We suggest that star and cluster formation are strongly controlled by the initial amount of internal turbulence and the interaction with the external shocks.
Play—An essential part of children’s lives and their computational empowerment

This article addresses the computational empowerment of children, with an emphasis on the importance of play in realizing it. Although play has been brought up as central for children within numerous disciplines, there is a lack of thorough treatment of the phenomenon in the context of technology design, computational thinking, and computational empowerment. The objective of this research is to open the eyes of adults to see children’s play and improvisation as not only an essential part of children’s life but also an important part of their computational empowerment. We organized numerous participatory design sessions with children (aged 5–6 years), during which play was supported to obtain material for designing a music game. We analyzed the collected data with a framework combining aspects on computational empowerment and play. Our analysis of the sessions showed that play had numerous important functions in the design sessions with the children. Our examination revealed that play is intertwined with computational empowerment in many ways and it supports different aspects of computational empowerment. We recommend that researchers offer various forms of play for children during design sessions to support children’s creativity, narratives, embodiment, and, ultimately, their computational empowerment.
Leveraging Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis to Identify Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency Using a Composite Index of the Knee Flexion and Muscle Force

Patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency (ACLD) tend to have altered lower extremity kinematics and dynamics. Clinical diagnosis of ACLD requires more objective and convenient evaluation criteria. Twenty-five patients with ACLD before ACL reconstruction and nine healthy volunteers were recruited. Five experimental jogging data sets of each participant were collected and calculated using a musculoskeletal model. The resulting knee flexion and muscle force data were analyzed using a t-test for characteristic points, which were the time points in the gait cycle when the most significant difference between the two groups was observed. The data of the characteristic points were processed with principal component analysis to generate a composite index for multivariable linear regression. The accuracy rate of the regression model in diagnosing patients with ACLD was 81.4%. This study demonstrates that the multivariable linear regression model and composite index can be used to diagnose patients with ACLD. The composite index and characteristic points can be clinically objective and can be used to extract effective information quickly and conveniently.
Sources of error and noise in a magnetic mirror gyro

A ring laser gyroscope biased by a magneto-optic mirror offers a promising alternative to mechanical dither, for applications requiring no dither and able to tolerate lower performance. The effect of the important mirror parameters: optical loss, scatter and transverse Kerr effect, on gyro performance, is defined. Explicit expressions, obtained from the literature and supplemented by new calculations, are given for the expected null-shift, random walk, and scale-factor nonlinearity; numerical values are listed for a typical magnetic mirror, indicating where improvements are required for potential applications.
Waves and resonance in free-boundary baroclinic instability

Eady's model of baroclinic instability has been generalized by including β (the meridional gradient of planetary potential vorticity) while assuming that total potential vorticity is uniform. Moreover, the problems of Eady and of Phillips have been enriched by including a fixed topography or a free boundary (which implies a flow-dependent geostrophic topography). The most general cases (with β, fixed topography and a free boundary) of both problems are shown to have nearly identical stability properties, mainly determined by two Charney numbers: the planetary one and a topographic one. The question of whether this generalized baroclinic instability problem can be described by wave resonance or component ‘resonance’ is addressed. By waves are meant physical modes, which could freely propagate by themselves but are effectively coupled by an independent basic shear, producing the instability. Components, on the other hand, are mathematical modes for which the shear is also crucial for their existence, not just for their coupling, hence the quotation marks around ‘resonance’. In this paper it is shown that both scenarios, components ‘resonance’ and waves resonance, cast light on the free-boundary baroclinic instability problem by providing explanations of the instability onset (at minimum shear) and maximum growth rate cases, respectively. The importance of the mode pseudomomentum for the fulfillment of both mechanisms is also stressed.
Dynamic magnetic properties of spin-7/2 multilayer Ising system in an oscillating magnetic field

ABSTRACT We studied the dynamic magnetic properties such as dynamic phase transitions, dynamic compensation temperatures, and dynamic phase diagrams in the spin-7/2 multilayer Ising system under an oscillating external magnetic field The system was simulated in the mean-field approximation using a Glauber type stochastic dynamic. The mean sublattice magnetizations’ time variations were examined to determine the system's dynamic phases. The thermal behavior of dynamic sublattice magnetizations was investigated to determine the type of dynamic phase transitions (first- or second-order) and to obtain the dynamic compensation temperatures. and type compensating behaviors were seen in various types of magnetization curves. The phase diagrams are calculated in and planes, for different values of the Hamiltonian parameters. The p, i, f1/2 , f7/2 , af7/2 , and af1/2 fundamental phases, as well as the i + p, i + f1/2 , af1/2 + p, af7/2 + p and i + af1/2 mixed phases. The system illustrated one, two, or three dynamic critical points (•) and E, TP, Z, and B special points.
The Prevalence of CHEK1 and CHEK2 Mutations in Prostate Cancer: a Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer among men. Mutations and accumulation of chromosomal deviations are correlated with the development and aggressiveness of PCa. Cell cycle checkpoint pathways and DNA repair mechanisms are reported to deviate in cancers. Mammalian checkpoint kinase 1/2 (CHEK1/CHEK2) genes act as key signal transducers inside the genomic integrity checkpoints. CHEK1 and CHEK2 gene mutations were reported in a few different types of cancers. In PCa, CHEK2 mutations were studied, but CHEK1 gene variations were not well investigated. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of variations in the CHEK1 and CHEK2 genes in PCa in the Jordanian population. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded PCa specimens of radical prostatectomy surgical procedures from 74 Jordanian patients were subjected to DNA extraction, polymerase chain reactions and Sanger sequencing to screen the mutations in selected exons of CHEK1 and CHEK2 tumor suppressor genes. Results: The presence of F281L (T/C) (1.4%) homologous missense point mutation in the kinase domain of the CHEK2 gene and P188P (1.4%) silent point mutation in the kinase domain of the CHEK1 gene. In addition, the 1100delC mutation was not detected in the studied PCa specimens. Conclusion: In line with previous reports, the presence of CHEK2 mutation with a frequency of 1.4% supported the possible role of genetic variants of this gene in the development of PCa. No 1100delC mutation was detected in this study. No association was found in this study between CHEK1 mutations and the development of PCa. Further studies are needed with larger cohorts along with a screening of more exons in order to shed more light on the frequency of CHEK2 gene mutations and their role in the development of PCa in Jordan.
Experimental and numerical studies on super-cavitating flow of axisymmetric cavitators

Abstract Recently underwater systems moving at high speed such as a super-cavitating torpedo have been studied for their practical advantage of the dramatic drag reduction. In this study we are focusing our attention on super-cavitating flows around axisymmetric cavitators. A numerical method based on inviscid flow is developed and the results for several shapes of the cavitator are presented. First using a potential based boundary element method, we find the shape of the cavitator yielding a sufficiently large enough cavity to surround the body. Second, numerical predictions of supercavity are validated by comparing with experimental observations carried out in a high speed cavitation tunnel at Chungnam National University (CNU CT).
Simulating intergalactic medium reionization

We have studied the intergalactic medium (IGM) reionization process in its full cosmological context, including structure evolution and a realistic galaxy population. We have used a combination of high-resolution N-body simulations (to describe the dark matter and diffuse gas component), a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation (to track the evolution of the sources of ionizing radiation) and the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code CRASH (to follow the propagation of ionizing photons into the IGM). The process has been followed in the largest volume ever used for this type of study, a field region of the Universe with a comoving length of L ∼ 20 h - 1 Mpc, embedded in a much larger cosmological simulation. To assess the effect of environment on the reionization process, the same radiative transfer simulations have been performed on a 10 h - 1 Mpc comoving box, centred on a clustered region. We find that, to account for the all-ionizing radiation, objects with total masses of M ∼ 10 9 M O . must be resolved. In this case, the simulated stellar population produces a volume-averaged ionization fraction x v = 0.999 by z ∼ 8, consistent with observations without requiring any additional sources of ionization. We also find that environment substantially affects the reionization process. In fact, although the simulated protocluster occupies a smaller volume and produces a higher number of ionizing photons, it becomes totally ionized later. This is because high-density regions, which are more common in the protocluster, are difficult to ionize because of their high recombination rates.
The Effects of a Fasting Mimicking Diet on Skin Hydration, Skin Texture, and Skin Assessment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Diet and nutrition have been shown to impact dermatological conditions. This has increased attention toward integrative and lifestyle medicine in the management of skin health. Emerging research around fasting diets, specifically the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD), has provided clinical evidence for chronic inflammatory, cardiometabolic, and autoimmune diseases. In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effects of a five-day FMD protocol, administrated once a month for three months, on facial skin parameters, including skin hydration and skin roughness, in a group of 45 healthy women between the ages of 35 to 60 years old over the course of 71 days. The results of the study revealed that the three consecutive monthly cycles of FMD resulted in a significant percentage increase in skin hydration at day 11 (p = 0.00013) and at day 71 (p = 0.02) relative to baseline. The results also demonstrated maintenance of skin texture in the FMD group compared to an increase in skin roughness in the control group (p = 0.032). In addition to skin biophysical properties, self-reported data also demonstrated significant improvement in components of mental states such as happiness (p = 0.003) and confidence (0.039). Overall, these findings provide evidence for the potential use of FMD in improving skin health and related components of psychological well-being.
Lubrication Film Generation with Limited Lubricant Supply and Its Tuned Oil Replenishment in a Cylinder-on-Disc Contact

Limited lubricant supply (LLS) with tuned dosage is an emerging approach to reduce friction and energy consumption. However, LLS can cause severe starvation when the oil supply is insufficient. Therefore, how to effectively replenish oil to the lubricated contact in LLS operation is very important. Using a custom-made optical slider bearing test rig, this work experimentally revealed some characteristics of LLS lubrication in a cylinder-on-disc contact, and proposed two wettability gradient patterns, namely stripe wettability and interlaced wettability, to regulate the lubricant supply to improve the lubricating properties of LLS. The effect of these two wettability patterns was evaluated experimentally according to the lubricating film thickness. The interferograms of the bearing contact under LLS show that the two patterns can augment the oil replenishment through unidirectional lubricant transport by the unbalanced interfacial force via the wettability gradient. Moreover, the interlaced wettability pattern is more effective due to the discontinuous distribution of lubricant from its hydrophilic/hydrophobic region intervals and the transfer of the hydrophobic film to the hydrophilic regions.
Ergodic fractal measures and dimension conservation

Abstract A linear map from one Euclidean space to another may map a compact set bijectively to a set of smaller Hausdorff dimension. For ‘homogeneous’ fractals (to be defined), there is a phenomenon of ‘dimension conservation’. In proving this we shall introduce dynamical systems whose states represent compactly supported measures in which progression in time corresponds to progressively increasing magnification. Application of the ergodic theorem will show that, generically, dimension conservation is valid. This ‘almost everywhere’ result implies a non-probabilistic statement for homogeneous fractals.
The Best of Both Worlds: A Hybrid Statistics Course

This study compares students' performance and attitudes in a hybrid (blend of online and face-to-face) model of Elementary Statistics and a traditional (face-to-face) model of the same course. Performance was measured by test, quiz, project, and final exam grades. Attitude was measured by the results of a course survey administered at the end of the semester. Both models of the course required the same textbook and statistical computer package, were taught by the same instructor, and had similar demographic characteristics such as gender, major, and classification. Significant differences were found in an extra credit grade comprised of points earned on interactive worksheets, and attitudes toward the course. There was no significant difference in students' performance as measured by grades. The value of hybrid courses as a viable option in distance education and their potential benefits to students and the educational institution are discussed.
Challenging inhibitory control with high- and low-calorie food: A behavioural and TMS study

Most people are often tempted by their impulses to “indulge” in high-calorie food, even if this behaviour is not consistent with their goal to control weight in the long term and might not be healthy. The outcome of this conflict is strongly dependent on inhibitory control. It has already been reported that individuals with weaker inhibitory control consume more high-calorie food, are more often unsuccessful dieters, overweight or obese compared to people with more effective inhibitory control. In the present study, we aimed at investigating inhibitory control in the context of human eating behaviour. A sample of 20 healthy normal-weight adults performed a 50% probability visual affective Go/NoGo task involving food (high- and low-calorie) and non-food images as stimuli. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was administered over the right primary motor cortex (M1) either 300 ms after image presentation to measure corticospinal excitability during the different stimulus categories or 300 ms after the appearance of a fixation point, as a control stimulation condition. The experimental session consisted of a food target and a non-food target block. Behavioural outcomes showed a natural implicit inclination towards high-calorie food in that participants were faster and more accurate compared to the other categories. This advantage was selectively deleted by TMS, which slowed down reaction times. MEPs did not differ according to the stimulus category, but, as expected, were bigger for Go compared to NoGo trials. Participants judged high-calorie food also as more appetising than low-calorie food images. Overall, our results point to a differential modulation when targeting inhibitory control, in favour of the more palatable food category (high-calorie). Present data suggest that the activity of the motor system is modulated by food nutritional value, being more engaged by appetising food. Future work should explore to what extent these processes are affected in patients with eating disorders and should aim to better characterise the related dynamics of cortical connectivity within the motor network.
Cold, warm, and hot gas in the late-stage merger NGC 7252

We present the first observations of the neutral hydrogen distribution and x-ray emission in the prototypical merger remnant NGC 7252, the 'Atoms-for-Peace' galaxy. These data are supplemented by accurate B and R surface photometry, reaching a limit of mu(sub B) = 26.5 mag/sq arcsec, and images taken through a narrow-band H alpha filter. We find all of the 2 x 10(exp 9)/sq h solar mass of atomic gas to be restricted to the outer, tidal regions of this system (H(sub zero) = 100 h km/s/Mpc). By contrast, the molecular gas traced by the (12)CO(1 approaches zero) map of Wang et al. (1992) is confined to an inner rotating disk of radius 7 seconds and has an H alpha counterpart. The gap between the atomic and molecular gas distributions is filled in by diffuse H alpha emission and perhaps by x-ray emission. The velocity field of the atomic gas in the tidal tails indicates that they are swinging through space in the same sense as the rotation of the inner gas disk. The H I at the apparent base of the northwestern tail seems to be falling back toward the main body of the galaxy, yet there is no H I associated with this main stellar body: This suggests ongoing efficient conversion of the atomic gas into other phases in this region. The H alpha velocity anomalies previously found in the remnant body may be produced in part by the combination of tail-related, noncircular motions and the inner gas-disk rotation. Both tidal tails have bluer B-R colors than the main body of the remnant, with the bluest regions coinciding with peaks in the gas column density. Each tail contains one giant H II region near the end of its optical light distribution. These H II regions are associated with large concentrations of gas and stars that approach the sizes and gas contents of dwarf galaxies. The H I extends beyond the end of the optical tails and reaches projected distances of 62/h kpc east and 120/h kpc northwest from the center. We discuss the possible relevance of these data to : (1) the transformation of merged spirals into ellipticls; (2) the generation of ripples by returning tidal material; and (3) the formation of bound stellar systems from tidally torn material.
Traction image method for irregular free surface boundaries in finite difference seismic wave simulation

SUMMARY In this study, we propose a new numerical method, named as Traction Image method, to accurately and efficiently implement the traction-free boundary conditions in finite difference simulation in the presence of surface topography. In this algorithm, the computational domain is discretized by boundary-conforming grids, in which the irregular surface is transformed into a ‘flat’ surface in computational space. Thus, the artefact of staircase approximation to arbitrarily irregular surface can be avoided. Such boundary-conforming gridding is equivalent to a curvilinear coordinate system, in which the first-order partial differential velocity-stress equations are numerically updated by an optimized high-order non-staggered finite difference scheme, that is, DRP/opt MacCormack scheme. To satisfy the free surface boundary conditions, we extend the Stress Image method for planar surface to Traction Image method for arbitrarily irregular surface by antisymmetrically setting the values of normal traction on the grid points above the free surface. This Traction Image method can be efficiently implemented. To validate this new method, we perform numerical tests to several complex models by comparing our results with those computed by other independent accurate methods. Although some of the testing examples have extremely sloped topography, all tested results show an excellent agreement between our results and those from the reference solutions, confirming the validity of our method for modelling seismic waves in the heterogeneous media with arbitrary shape topography. Numerical tests also demonstrate the efficiency of this method. We find about 10 grid points per shortest wavelength is enough to maintain the global accuracy of the simulation. Although the current study is for 2-D P-SV problem, it can be easily extended to 3-D problem.
Ferroelectric Fatigue versus Electronic Structure of Lead Titanium Perovskite System

The electronic structures of pure and Nb 5+, La 3+ doped ferroelectric PbTiO 3 have been calculated with discrete variation X f ( DV - X f ) embedded cluster method. Based on the relative distribution of partial density of states (PDOS) of Ti 4+, Nb 5+, La 3+, and Pb 2+ ions. We could clarify the resistant effect of Nb 5+, La 3+ doping on the ferroelectric fatigue in PbTiO 3 based material system (PZT).