Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Involvement of Prolactin in Stress-Related Disorders

The most important and widely studied role of prolactin (PRL) is its modulation of stress responses during pregnancy and lactation. PRL acts as a neuropeptide to support physiological reproductive responses. The effects of PRL on the nervous system contribute to a wide range of changes in the female brain during pregnancy and the inhibition of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis. All these changes contribute to the behavioral and physiological adaptations of a young mother to enable reproductive success. PRL-driven brain adaptations are also crucial for regulating maternal emotionality and well-being. Hyperprolactinemia (elevated PRL levels) is a natural and beneficial phenomenon during pregnancy and lactation. However, in other situations, it is often associated with serious endocrine disorders, such as ovulation suppression, which results in a lack of offspring. This introductory example shows how complex this hormone is. In this review, we focus on the different roles of PRL in the body and emphasize the results obtained from animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Silicon depletion in damped Ly α systems The S/Zn method ,

Silicates are an important component of interstellar dust that has been poorly investigated in high redshift galaxies. As a preliminary step to studying silicates at high redshift, we survey silicon depletions in damped Ly α (DLA) systems. Silicon depletion is mild in the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM) and is expected to be weaker in most DLA systems, so we introduce a method for improving the accuracy of DLA depletion measurements. We compare abundance ratios measured in the gas with calculations of total abundance ratios of gas and dust predicted by models of galactic chemical evolution tailored for DLA systems. To tune the model parameters, we use the dust-free observational diagram S/Zn versus Zn/H, and we also compare the look back time estimated from the absorption redshift with the evolutionary time predicted by the model. By applying our method to a large set of DLA column densities, we succeeded in measuring the depletion of silicon in 74 systems. For comparison, we also measure iron and magnesium depletions (105 and 10 systems, respectively) with the same method. The mean depletion of silicon that we derive, � δSi ��− 0.27 ± 0.16 dex, is surprisingly close to that of iron, � δFe �� − 0.42 ± 0.28 dex, despite iron being much more depleted than silicon in the Galactic ISM. Silicon depletion in DLA systems does not correlate with metallicity, at variance with iron depletion, for which we confirm a rise with [Fe/H] found in previous work. Magnesium depletion seems to behave more in accordance with silicon than with iron. The different behaviors of the silicon and iron depletions suggests a complex history of dust production at the early stages of galactic chemical evolution.
Active Learning: A Review of European Studies of Active Lessons

Background: Physical activity is a familiar feature in schools worldwide. Its most common justification for inclusion is its distinctive contribution to students’ physical health and fitness and claimed benefits to non-physical aspects of education, such as social skills. Possible effects on cognitive and academic performance are less frequently assumed. This article examines the academic effects of ‘Active Learning’ practices in school classrooms. Our objective was to test the claim that physical activity can enhance curricular achievement and learning, specifically curriculum-focused physical activity and Learning Through Movement. Methods: Using a rapid review methodology, in this article we report on the evidence of contributions of active learning from peer-reviewed publications from 2010 to 2022. Results: The literature generally supported the central hypothesis that students in Active Learning conditions out-performed those in non-active conditions, both during Active Learning tasks and later. Whether this was due to the introduction of physical activity in the specific setting of classroom lessons or physical activity per se remains unclear. Conclusions: To ensure positive outcomes from Active Learning, practices should be planned in association with a series of favourable change mechanisms: proactive leadership, teacher engagement, the ease of finding and implementing Active Learning in sessions, and the genuine integration of Active Learning into curricula and lessons.
Therapeutic Hypothermia Attenuates Cortical Interneuron Loss after Cerebral Ischemia in Near-Term Fetal Sheep

Therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy but is only partially protective. There is evidence that cortical inhibitory interneuron circuits are particularly vulnerable to HI and that loss of interneurons may be an important contributor to long-term neurological dysfunction in these infants. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that the duration of hypothermia has differential effects on interneuron survival after HI. Near-term fetal sheep received sham ischemia or cerebral ischemia for 30 min, followed by cerebral hypothermia from 3 h after ischemia end and continued up to 48 h, 72 h, or 120 h recovery. Sheep were euthanized after 7 days for histology. Hypothermia up to 48 h recovery resulted in moderate neuroprotection of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)+ and parvalbumin+ interneurons but did not improve survival of calbindin+ cells. Hypothermia up to 72 h recovery was associated with significantly increased survival of all three interneuron phenotypes compared with sham controls. By contrast, while hypothermia up to 120 h recovery did not further improve (or impair) GAD+ or parvalbumin+ neuronal survival compared with hypothermia up to 72 h, it was associated with decreased survival of calbindin+ interneurons. Finally, protection of parvalbumin+ and GAD+ interneurons, but not calbindin+ interneurons, with hypothermia was associated with improved recovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) power and frequency by day 7 after HI. The present study demonstrates differential effects of increasing the duration of hypothermia on interneuron survival after HI in near-term fetal sheep. These findings may contribute to the apparent preclinical and clinical lack of benefit of very prolonged hypothermia.
Joint Selection of the Model and the Information Set in Heteroskedastic Dynamic Models

Abstract The aim of this paper is to propose a number of semiautomatic criteria for the joint selection of the model and the information set in the heteroskedastic context considered in Lejeune [Lejeune, B. (1997). Second order pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation and conditional variance misspecification. University of Liège, ERUDITE and CORE]. Particular cases of this methodology are the posterior information criterion (PIC) and the posterior information criterion for a forecasts (PICF) of Phillips [Phillips, P. C. B. (1996). Econometric model determination. Econometrica 64:763–812] and Phillips and Ploberger [Phillips, P. C. B. , Ploberger, W. (1994). Posterior odds testing for a unit root with data-based model selection. Econometric Theory 10:774–808] and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) criterion of Schwarz [Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann. Statist. 6:461–464]. Sufficient conditions for the weak and strong consistencies of the proposed criteria are provided. Furthermore, the behaviors of these criteria are analyzed in the presence of structural changes.
The effect of perceived use of body-worn cameras on procedural justice, police legitimacy, police lawfulness, compliance, cooperation, and satisfaction

ABSTRACT The study examined the effect of perceived use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on procedural justice, police lawfulness, police legitimacy, specific compliance, general compliance, cooperation with police, and satisfaction with police. Data for the study were obtained from a survey administered to randomly selected undergraduate students (N = 617). Independent samples t-test for bivariate analysis and structural equation modeling for unmediated and mediated analyses were conducted. The respondents believed that BWCs would significantly improve procedural justice, police lawfulness, and satisfaction with police; however, they were significantly less likely to believe that BWCs would increase cooperation and general compliance. Perceived use of BWCs, however, did not have a significant effect on police legitimacy and specific compliance. The results of the mediation analyses showed that the effect of perceived use of BWCs on compliance, cooperation, and satisfaction was mediated through procedural justice and police legitimacy. BWCs improve citizen perceptions of procedural justice, police lawfulness, and satisfaction with police, and procedural justice and police legitimacy mediate the effect of BWCs on compliance and cooperation.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Biomarkers to Detect Prostate Cancer: A Multicentric Study Based on Non-Invasive Urine Collection without Prior Digital Rectal Examination

Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer type and one of the leading causes of death in men globally. Multiple biomarkers analyzed in urine have been proposed for detecting prostate cancer, in an effort to reduce unnecessary and invasive biopsies. Nevertheless, these biomarkers are based on sampling after prior digital rectal examination and/or prostate massage. Considering the need for more convenient urine sampling, in this study, we investigated endogenous urinary peptides in patients with prostate cancer compared to those with non- malignant (non- cancerous) prostatic diseases. A multidimensional biomarker model was developed based on 181 significant peptides that can detect whether a patient has high probability to bear a tumor in the prostate. Based on the results, the biomarker model including 181 biomarkers showed good accuracy in detecting prostate cancer and has the potential to improve clinical management of men with a suspicion of prostate cancer, by reducing the need for invasive biopsies. Abstract (1) Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Wide application of prostate specific antigen test has historically led to over-treatment, starting from excessive biopsies. Risk calculators based on molecular and clinical variables can be of value to determine the risk of PCa and as such, reduce unnecessary and invasive biopsies. Urinary molecular studies have been mostly focusing on sampling after initial intervention (digital rectal examination and/or prostate massage). (2) Methods: Building on previous proteomics studies, in this manuscript, we aimed at developing a biomarker model for PCa detection based on urine sampling without prior intervention. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry was applied to acquire proteomics profiles from 970 patients from two different clinical centers. (3) Results: A case-control comparison was performed in a training set of 413 patients and 181 significant peptides were subsequently combined by a support vector machine algorithm. Independent validation was initially performed in 272 negative for PCa and 138 biopsy-confirmed PCa, resulting in an AUC of 0.81, outperforming current standards, while a second validation phase included 147 PCa patients. (4) Conclusions: This multi-dimensional biomarker model holds promise to improve the current diagnosis of PCa, by guiding invasive biopsies.
Temporal Dynamics of Anaplasma marginale Infections and the Composition of Anaplasma spp. in Calves in the Mnisi Communal Area, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, is one of the most important tick-borne diseases of cattle. Anaplasma marginale is known to be present in the Mnisi community, Mpumalanga Province, with frequent cases of anaplasmosis reported. This study investigated the infection dynamics in calves (n = 10) in two habitats in the study area over 12 months. A duplex real-time PCR assay targeting the msp1β gene of A. marginale and the groEL gene of A. centrale confirmed the presence of A. marginale in five calves in a peri-urban area from the first month, but in only two calves at the wildlife–livestock interface and only after six months. These results were confirmed by 16S rRNA microbiome analysis. Over 50 A. marginale msp1α genotypes were detected in the calves along with five novel Msp1a repeats. Calves in the peri-urban area were more likely to be infected with A. marginale than calves in the wildlife–livestock interface. Cattle management, acaricide treatment, and cattle density could explain differences in infection prevalence in the two areas. Our results revealed that most calves were superinfected by distinct A. marginale strains within the study period, indicating continuous challenge with multiple strains that should lead to robust immunity in the calves and endemic stability in the area.
Off-Diagonal Magnetoimpedance in Annealed Amorphous Microwires with Positive Magnetostriction: Effect of External Stresses

It was observed recently that the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect in Fe-rich glass-coated amorphous microwires with positive magnetostriction can be improved significantly by means of post-annealing. The increase in the GMI is attributed to the induced helical magnetic anisotropy in the surface layer of the microwire, which appears after the annealing. The application of external stresses to the microwire may result in changes in its magnetic structure and affect the GMI response. In this work, we study theoretically the influence of the tensile and torsional stresses on the off-diagonal magnetoimpedance in annealed amorphous microwires with positive magnetostriction. The static magnetization distribution is analyzed in terms of the core–shell magnetic structure. The surface impedance tensor is obtained taking into account the magnetoelastic anisotropy induced by the external stresses. It is shown that the off-diagonal magnetoimpedance response exhibits strong sensitivity to the magnitude of the applied stress. The obtained results may be useful for sensor applications of amorphous microwires.
Three-dimensional computation for flow-induced vibrations of an upstream circular cylinder in two tandem circular cylinders

It is well known from a lot of experimental data that fluid forces acting on two tandem circular cylinders are quite different from those acting on a single circular cylinder. Therefore, we first present numerical results for fluid forces acting on two tandem circular cylinders, which are mounted at various spacings in a smooth flow, and second we present numerical results for flow-induced vibrations of the upstream circular cylinder in the tandem arrangement. The two circular cylinders are arranged at close spacing in a flow field. The upstream circular cylinder is elastically placed by damper-spring systems and moves in both the in-line and cross-flow directions. In such models, each circular cylinder is assumed as a rigid body. On the other hand, we do not introduce a turbulent model such as the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) or Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models into the numerical scheme to compute the fluid flow. Our numerical procedure to capture the flow-induced vibration phenomena of the upstream circular cylinder is treated as a fluid-structure interaction problem in which the ideas of weak coupling is taken into consideration.
Association between Alcohol Intake and Prostate Cancer Mortality and Survival

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of alcohol consumption with the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Published reports were gathered on 15 October 2022, from PUBMED/MEDLINE and EMBASE. We found 19 independent eligible studies on the association between consumption of alcoholic beverages and the risk of fatal PCa (n = 5), PCa mortality (n = 5) in healthy subjects, and PCa patients’ survival (n = 7) or surrogates thereof (n = 2). We used random effects meta-analysis to obtain a summary risk estimate (SRE) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for incidence of fatal PCa and PCa mortality. The meta-analysis revealed no association between alcohol consumption and fatal prostate cancer incidence risk in healthy subjects with an indication for publication bias, but omitting the study that mainly increased the between-study heterogeneity, the SRE becomes significant (SRE 1.33, 95%CI 1.12–1.58), and the heterogeneity disappeared (I2 = 0%) with no indication of publication bias. No association of alcohol consumption was found with mortality risk in PCa patients (SRE 0.97, 95%CI 0.92–1.03) and PCa mortality risk in healthy subjects (SRE 1.03, 95%CI 0.82–1.30). In conclusion, this study suggests that there is some evidence of an association between high alcohol consumption and an increased risk of incidence of fatal prostate cancer in healthy subjects. Given the inconsistencies this result warrants further confirmation.
On cyclotron wave heating and acceleration of solar wind ions in the outer corona

The preferential heating and acceleration of O+5 ions, as observed by Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) [Kohl et al., 1998] in the solar coronal holes have been interpreted and modeled by invoking wave-particle cyclotron resonance [Cranmer et al., 1999a, 1999b]. However, in the model of Cranmer et al. [1999a, 1999b] and in other subsequent models the assumption of a rigid slope of the wave spectrum was made in calculating the wave energy absortion by the different ion species. In the present paper it is shown that a self-consistent treatment of the wave damping and absorption is necessary and leads to substantially different results. On the basis of quasi-linear theory, the interaction between the ions and the ion-cyclotron waves [Marsch et al., 1982a; Marsch, 1998] is studied. The total energy conservation equation, including the kinetic energy of the resonant particles and the wave energy, is derived and discussed in detail. The spectral evolution equation for cyclotron waves, when being controlled by the wave growth/damping rate and WKB effects, is solved self-consistently together with the full set of anisotropic multifluid equations for the ions including the cyclotron-resonance wave heating and acceleration rates. From the numerical results we reach the following conclusions: (1) It is physically questionable to use a spectrum with a fixed spectral slope near the cyclotron resonance when one calculates the partition of wave energy among the different ionic species and the kinetic degrees of freedom parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field. This assumption neglects the important effects of wave absorption and the concurrent reshaping of the wave spectrum, and thus leads in the dissipation domain to extremely low amplitudes of the waves and to difficulties in supplying enough energy to balance the wave absorption at the cyclotron resonances. (2) If the spectrum is allowed to evolve self-consistently and concurrently with the particles' heating and acceleration through wave absorption, such a high perpendicular temperature and corresponding large temperature anisotropy as observed by UVCS do not occur or cannot be maintained. We conclude that the UVCS oxygen ion observations have not yet been explained satisfactorily by the cyclotron-resonance theory.
Advance Care Planning and Goals of Care Discussion: Barriers from the Perspective of Medical Residents

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) and goals of care discussion involve the exploration of what is most important to a person to prepare for health-care decision making. Despite their well-established benefits, they are still not frequently performed in clinical oncology practice. This study aims to describe the barriers to discussion goals of care with oncology patients from the perspective of medical residents. Methods. This cross-sectional and qualitative study applied the “Decide-Oncology” questionnaire, adapted to Portuguese language, to assess barriers to goals of care discussion among medical residents from three university hospitals in Brazil. Residents were asked to rank the importance of various barriers to discuss goals of care (ranging from 1—extremely unimportant to 7—extremely important). Results: Twenty-nine residents answered the questionnaire (30.9%). The most reported barriers were related to patients and their families’ difficulty in understanding and accepting the diagnosis and the prognosis as well as patients’ desire to receive full active treatment. Furthermore, the physician and external factors such as lack of training and lack of time to have these conversations were also very important barriers. The identification of the key barriers that limit the discussion of ACP and early palliative care referrals can certainly help to prioritize the next steps for future studies aimed at improving ACP and goals of care discussions.
Three Starch Synthase IIa (SSIIa) Alleles Reveal the Effect of SSIIa on the Thermal and Rheological Properties, Viscoelasticity, and Eating Quality of Glutinous Rice

Glutinous rice accumulates amylose-free starch and is utilized for rice cakes and crackers, owing to the loss of the Waxy gene which encodes granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI). Starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) elongates amylopectin chains with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 6–12 to 13–24 and greatly influences starch properties. To elucidate the relationship between the branch length of amylopectin and the thermal and rheological properties, viscoelasticity, and eating quality of glutinous rice, three allelic near isogenic lines with high, low, or no SSIIa activity were generated (designated as SS2a wx, ss2aL wx, and ss2a wx, respectively). Chain length distribution analyses revealed that ss2a wx exhibited the highest short chain (DP < 12) number and lowest gelatinization temperature, whereas SS2a wx showed the opposite results. Gel filtration chromatography showed that the three lines contained essentially no amylose. Viscoelasticity analyses of rice cakes stored at low temperature for different durations revealed that ss2a wx maintained softness and elasticity for up to 6 days, while SS2a wx hardened within 6 h. Sensory evaluation was consistent with mechanical evaluation. The relationship of amylopectin structure with the thermal and rheological properties, viscoelasticity, and eating quality of glutinous rice is discussed.