Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Merchants of Death: The Effect of Credit Supply Shocks on Hospital Outcomes

This study examines the link between credit supply and hospital health outcomes. Using detailed data on hospitals and the banks that they borrow from, we use bank stress tests as exogenous shocks to credit access for hospitals that have lending relationships with tested banks. We find that affected hospitals shift their operations to enhance their profit margins in response to a negative credit shock, but reduce the quality of their care to patients across a variety of measures. In particular, affected hospitals exhibit significantly lower attentiveness in providing timely and effective treatment and procedures, and are rated substantially lower in patient satisfaction. This decline in care quality is reflected in health outcomes: affected hospitals experience a significant increase in risk-adjusted, unplanned 30-day readmission rates of recently discharged patients and in risk-adjusted 30-day patient mortality rates. Overall, the results indicate that access to credit can affect the quality of healthcare hospitals deliver, pointing to important spillover effects of credit market frictions on health outcomes.
Changes in nutrient concentration and oxidative metabolism in pecan leaflets at different doses of zinc

Zinc deficiency limits pecan nut production. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in nutrient concentration and oxidative metabolism in pecan leaflets in response to the application at different doses of zinc. The foliar concentration of nutrients, leaflet area, total chlorophyll, dry weight (leaflets and root), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GP) and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Statistical analysis indicates that the application of 200 μmol Zn2+ affected the foliar concentration of N-total (24.50 ± 2.51 g/kg), P (10.34 ± 2.53 g/kg), Fe2+ (153.33 ± 6.27 mg/kg) and Zn2+ (42.00 ± 2.84 mg/kg), showing a greater area of the leaflet, total chlorophyll content and dry weight (leaflets and root). Plants treated with 50 μmol Zn2+ showed a higher level of SOD activity (1.38 ± 0.016 units/min/g), GP (5.56 ± 0.229 nmol glutathione/ min/g), and the production of hydrogen peroxide, without exceeding the control. On the other hand, Zn treatments caused a significant decrease in CAT activity. Zn is an essential micronutrient for the growth and development of pecan, which promotes the accumulation of other nutrients. Therefore, its absence affects the generation of oxidative stress with the subsequent activation of the antioxidant defense enzyme system.
Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance

We evaluated performance, nutrient balance, nitrogen balance, and serum parameters in pigs in the nursery phase raised in environmental conditions above the thermoneutral zone that were fed with diets containing various levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 15 barrows (22.75 ± 1.58 kg) were housed in metabolism pens and distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments: 15.5%, 18.3%, and 21.0% of CP, designated T15, T18, and T21, respectively. There was a gradual increase of temperature over the first three days from 25 to 29.1 ± 2.3 °C. From d18 to d20 of the experiment, pigs received the same diet (18% CP) and thermoneutral conditions were reestablished (22.9 ± 1.9 oC). There were higher values of urinary, excreted, and absorbed nitrogen in T21, followed by T18 and T15. Blood urea levels were higher in treatments with higher protein levels. On d4 (adaptation period), cholesterol levels were higher in the T15 group than in the T21 group, antioxidant power of iron reduction values were lower in the T18 group than the T21 group. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) on day 16 were higher in the T15 group, associated with the accumulation of heat stress and lower CP diets. Similar results were obtained for T18 with higher AOPP values on d16 than on d8 and d12. However, there were greater AOPP values in the T21 group on d20 (when the CP level was reduced to 18%) than on d8. Amino acid supplementation and reduction of CP in the diet to levels of 15.5% in piglets raised above the thermoneutral zone improved the use of CP. Furthermore, 15.5% of CP in the diet reduced the excretion of urinary nitrogen. The N-retention was not affected by dietary CP level, using the ideal protein concept. The use of 21%-CP in the diet efficiently avoided exacerbation of protein oxidation for pigs raised above thermoneutrality.
Target Social Media Presence and Its Effects on Acquirers’ Decision

Our objective is to determine whether firms’ presence on social media improves the decision-making process in mergers and acquisitions (M&As), and thus the quality and performance of the transaction. Based on a sample of 309 domestic mergers carried out by Canadian companies between 2012 and 2016, the empirical evidence strongly supports our hypothesis as we find that the active presence of target firms on social media enhances the likelihood of M&A completion. In addition, M&As carried out by firms active on social media are also more likely to create value. These findings suggest that information posted on social media helps firms identify the best partnerships, i.e., those target firms with which the acquiring firms will be able to work in synergy.
Comparison of uncertainties in land-use change fluxes from
bookkeeping model parameterization

Fluxes from deforestation, changes in land cover, land use and management practices (FLUC for simplicity) contributed to approximately 14 % of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in 2009–2018. Estimating FLUC accurately in space and in time remains, however, challenging, due to multiple sources of uncertainty in the calculation of these fluxes. This uncertainty, in turn, is propagated to global and regional carbon budget estimates, hindering the compilation of a consistent carbon budget and preventing us from constraining other terms, such as the natural land sink. Uncertainties in FLUC estimates arise from many different sources, including differences in model structure (e.g. process based vs. bookkeeping) and model parameterisation. Quantifying the uncertainties from each source requires controlled simulations to separate their effects. Here, we analyse differences between the two bookkeeping models used regularly in the global carbon budget estimates since 2017: the model by Hansis et al. (2015) (BLUE) and that by Houghton and Nassikas (2017) (HN2017). The two models have a very similar structure and philosophy, but differ significantly both with respect to FLUC intensity and spatiotemporal variability. This is due to differences in the land-use forcing but also in the model parameterisation. We find that the larger emissions in BLUE compared to HN2017 are largely due to differences in C densities between natural and managed vegetation or primary and secondary vegetation, and higher allocation of cleared and harvested material to fast turnover pools in BLUE than in HN2017. Besides parameterisation and the use of different forcing, other model assumptions cause differences: in particular that BLUE represents gross transitions which leads to overall higher carbon losses that are also more quickly realised than HN2017.
Effect of breed, parity and frequency of collection on quality and quantity of OPU derived oocytes

The aims of this study was to see the effect of breed, parity and scheme of collection on the quality and quantity of OPU derived oocytes and effect of transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular aspiration on subsequent fertility of donor cows. A total of 28 animals (11 Boran and 11 Boran Holstein-Friesian cross for once per week collection, and 7 Boran and 7 Boran Holstein-Friesian cross for twice per week collection) were used in this experiment. A total of 22 animals were evaluated for the effect of the OPU procedure on subsequent reproductive function. In 150 Ovum Pick up sessions, irrespective of collection scheme, breed and parity, 1124 follicle (554 in Boran and 570 in HF crosses) were punctured with a recovery rate of 51.1% in Boran and 48.6% in the crosses. Relatively more follicles were aspirated in crosses compared to Borans although the difference in oocyte recovery rate and quality were not statistically significant. Overall recovery rate was 57.7% in heifers and 42% in cows. Frequency of aspiration significantly influenced (P<0.05) oocyte recovery rate with more follicles aspirated in Once per week per session compared to twice per week per session but there was no difference in the mean number of recovered oocytes. A significantly higher number of follicles were aspirated (P<0.05) and good quality oocytes were greater in heifers than cows. Different COCs quality grades were recovered from breed, parity and frequency of collection category. Overall from a total of 574 collected COCs, about 326 (57%) of the recovered COCs were of the quality grades I and II, whereas 248 (43%) were with quality grades III and IV. All 22 animals showed estrus on average after 19 days of the last OPU procedure though a relatively weaker intensity of estrus signs, irregularity of the cycle and minor ovarian morphological change were noted. Response rate to a single PGF2α treatment on 18 animals was 72% (13/18). Subsequent insemination of those in estrus resulted in 53.8% (7/13) first service conception World News of Natural Sciences 34 (2021) 88-97 -89rate. In conclusion, parity, and to some extent frequency of collection had a significant effect on the quality and quantity of oocyte but not breed. Animals at post OPU were able to continue cycling and become pregnant.
Interactive effect of calcium and boron on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

A field experiment was carried out to know the effect of calcium and boron on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in kharif 2018-19. Three levels of Ca and B were applied through burnt lime (0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1) and borax (0, 1.1 and 2.2 kg ha-1) along with RDF and FYM. The study was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 2-factors each at three levels and repeated thrice. Application of calcium @ 10 kg ha-1 significantly increased plant height (146.52 cm), number of primary branches (11.18), number of fruits per plant (51.78) and fruit yield (44.52 t ha-1). Application of B @ 2.2 kg ha-1 increased plant height (143.85 cm), number of primary branches (11.06), number of fruits per plant (49.06) and fruit yield (43.57 t ha-1). The interaction between Ca and B did not show statistically significant differences.
Identifying Sentiment Influences Provoked by Context Factors - Results from a Data Analytics Procedure Performed on Tweets

Context factors have lasting impacts on people’s sentiments. Exploring impacts that different contexts have on sentiments can be crucial for managing the increasing number of communications companies nowadays maintain with customers via social media channels. To help companies prevent impacts of neg-ative word of mouth, we provide an overview about sentiment-influential contexts for tweets as one kind of social media texts previously discussed within the literature. We collected an overall amount of 358.923. 210 tweets and performed analysis to un-cover the effects of continents, mobile devices’ oper-ating systems (OS) and the combination of both on sentiments expressed within tweets. Our results show remarkable differences for tweets originating from North America and Apple devices, which turned out to be the tweets with the lowest sentiments compared to the other continents and the mobile OS Android.
Root Coverage for Gingival Recessions Associated with Non-Carious Cervical Lesions: A Systematic Review

The prevalence rate of Gingival recession (GR) is high affecting many adults globally, irrespective of the oral health of the affected patients. Esthetic impairment, hypersensitivity, dental root caries, and non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) have been reported to be contributing factors to the development of GR. Aiming to discuss the effect and prognosis of root coverage procedure on GR associated with NCCLs, we conducted a systematic electronic database search for suitable studies from inception till 25th October 2020 in nine databases. Following all screening phases, 17 studies found to be relevant for inclusion, with the addition of two extra papers through manual search, we finally included 19 studies. The results showed that the mean root coverage rate was comparable among patients treated with coronally advanced flap (CAF) and those treated with CAF plus resin-modified glass ionomer restoration. Moreover, CAF following natural inlays restoration was effective in achieving root coverage. The connective tissue graft (CTG) showed favorable results in the aspect of root coverage percentage and the results were comparable whether it was used alone or in combination with resin-modified glass ionomer restoration, partial restoration, or nano-ionomer cements. In conclusion, CAF and CTG are both effective in achieving acceptable complete root coverage rates. Moreover, the presence of NCCLs could decrease the rate of achieving complete root coverage over the years as demonstrated by some of the included studies.
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE

This diploma thesis deals with the behavior of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) and its derivatives containing polyethylene oxide linkers in aqueous and salted solution and their interactions with some biocompatible block copolymers. In this study we chose diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-ethyl oxazoline), PEO-PEOX, triblock copolymer poly(2-ethyl oxazoline)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2ethyl oxazoline), PEOX-PEO-PEOX and starlike polymer 4-arm poly(ethylene oxide)block-poly(2-methyl oxazoline), 4-arm PEO-PMOX. Solubility and change of hydrodynamic radius of metallacarborane particles depending on the cation of corresponding salt solution was studied. Solubility and size of particles changes depending on counterion of metallacarborane and also on the length and type of PEG linker of carborane compound. In solutions with polymer cobalt bis(dicarbollide) and his conjugates form particles composed of complex polymer/caborane. Adding polymer increase solubility of carborane and in most cases it decreases the size of particles in solution. These systems were studied by means of light scattering, UV-VIS spectroscopy, ITC, NMR and SAXS.
Temporal and Spatial Changes in Phyllosphere Microbiome of Acacia Trees Growing in Arid Environments

Background: The evolutionary relationships between plants and their microbiomes are of high importance to the survival of plants in general and even more in extreme conditions. Changes in the plant's microbiome can affect plant development, growth, fitness, and health. Along the arid Arava, southern Israel, acacia trees (Acacia raddiana and Acacia tortilis) are considered keystone species. In this study, we investigated the ecological effects of plant species, microclimate, phenology, and seasonality on the epiphytic and endophytic microbiome of acacia trees. One hundred thirty-nine leaf samples were collected throughout the sampling year and were assessed using 16S rDNA gene amplified with five different primers (targeting different gene regions) and sequenced (150 bp paired-end) on an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Results: Epiphytic bacterial diversity indices (Shannon–Wiener, Chao1, Simpson, and observed number of operational taxonomic units) were found to be nearly double compared to endophyte counterparts. Epiphyte and endophyte communities were significantly different from each other in terms of the composition of the microbial associations. Interestingly, the epiphytic bacterial diversity was similar in the two acacia species, but the canopy sides and sample months exhibited different diversity, whereas the endophytic bacterial communities were different in the two acacia species but similar throughout the year. Abiotic factors, such as air temperature and precipitation, were shown to significantly affect both epiphyte and endophytes communities. Bacterial community compositions showed that Firmicutes dominate A. raddiana, and Proteobacteria dominate A. tortilis; these bacterial communities consisted of only a small number of bacterial families, mainly Bacillaceae and Comamonadaceae in the endophyte for A. raddiana and A. tortilis, respectively, and Geodematophilaceae and Micrococcaceae for epiphyte bacterial communities, respectively. Interestingly, ~60% of the obtained bacterial classifications were unclassified below family level (i.e., “new”). Conclusions: These results shed light on the unique desert phyllosphere microbiome highlighting the importance of multiple genotypic and abiotic factors in shaping the epiphytic and endophytic microbial communities. This study also shows that only a few bacterial families dominate both epiphyte and endophyte communities, highlighting the importance of climate change (precipitation, air temperature, and humidity) in affecting arid land ecosystems where acacia trees are considered keystone species.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SCREENING AND ADVERSE SELECTION IN FRICTIONAL MARKETS

We incorporate a search-theoretic model of imperfect competition into an otherwise standard model of asymmetric information with unrestricted contracts. We develop a methodology that allows for a sharp analytical characterization of the unique equilibrium, and then use this characterization to explore the interaction between adverse selection, screening, and imperfect competition. On the positive side, we show how the structure of equilibrium contracts---and hence the relationship between an agent's type, the quantity he trades, and the corresponding price---are jointly determined by the severity of adverse selection and the concentration of market power. This suggests that quantifying the effects of adverse selection requires controlling for the market structure. On the normative side, we show that increasing competition and reducing informational asymmetries can be detrimental to welfare. This suggests that recent attempts to increase competition and reduce opacity in markets that suffer from adverse selection could potentially have negative, unforeseen consequences. Benjamin Lester Research Department Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia 10 Independence Mall Philadelphia, PA 19106 Benjamin.Lester@phil.frb. org Ali Shourideh University of Pennsylvania Wharton School shouride@wharton.upenn. edu Venky Venkateswaran Stern School of Business New York University 7-81 44 West 4th Street New York, NY 10012 and NBER vvenkate@stern.nyu. edu Ariel Zetlin-Jones Tepper School of Business Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 azj@cmu.edu
Potential Nanospray Inhalation of Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine using Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) Acid as Fast Delivery for Covid-19 Treatment.

Introduction: The oral medication of remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine face several limitations in covid-19 therapy. Despite having the first-pass metabolism, it also has a limitation in the patient who has hospitalised with a severe covid-19 infection. It is especially for a drug that is targeting the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor where the receptors are found abundantly in the lung, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, an alternative delivery such as nanospray inhalation would provide a great benefit to those patients. Methods: Scientific sources from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier were accessed for publication of this review article regarding the nanospray inhalation for Covid-19. Results: Since the main organ infected by SARS-CoV-2 is the trachea and lung, inhalation may be the best route to deliver the drug to the site of action. It is proposed that poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid to be used in the formulation. Conclusion: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) is considered a suitable polymer since it is biocompatible and noncytotoxic, it is the most widely applied in drug delivery either as carrier or excipient for the optimal formulation and distribution of the drugs. Dry powder inhalation of remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine may be an alternative way to deliver the drug against Covid-19.
Graph Spectrum Based Seismic Survey Design

—Discovery of new oil reserves in challenging sedi- mentary basins and reservoirs requires acquiring, processing, and imaging very large volumes of data (tens of terabytes). To reduce the cost of acquisition and the time from acquiring the data to ﬁnding new oil, novel acquisition systems based on compressive sensing, low-rank matrix recovery, and randomized sampling have been developed and implemented. These approaches allow practitioners to achieve dense waveﬁeld reconstruction from a substantially reduced number of ﬁeld samples. Designing acquisition surveys suited for this sampling paradigm remains a critical and challenging role in oil exploration. Typical random designs studied in the low-rank matrix recovery and compressive sensing literature are difﬁcult to achieve by standard industry hardware. For practical purposes, a compromise between stochastic and realizable samples is needed. In this paper, we propose a deterministic and computationally cheap tool to alleviate randomized acquisition design, prior to survey deployment and large-scale optimization. We consider universal and deterministic matrix completion results in the context of seismology, where a bipartite graph representation of the source-receiver layout allows for the respective spectral gap to act as a quality metric for waveﬁeld reconstruction. We provide realistic survey design scenarios to demonstrate the utility of the spectral gap for successful seismic data acquisition via low-rank and sparse signal recovery.
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF FERMENTATION PARAMETERS USING PLACKET-BURMAN FOR ENHANCED XYLITOL PRODUCTION BY PICHIA STIPITIS

Xylitol a polyol, gaining its importance in food and pharmacological industry due to its low calorific value, anti-cariogenic nature and effective in treating diabetes, anaemia, acute otitis media and osteoporosis. Physico-chemical factors such as temperature, pH, rpm, inoculum size, xylose concentration, co-substrate and nitrogen source play a crucial role on xylitol production. Influence of above said variables on production of xylitol by one factor at a time (OFAT) strategy using Pichia stipitis NCIM 3498 was performed and 30C, pH5, 200rpm, 48h, 15% inoculum, 7% xylose with glucose as co-substrate and NH4NO3 as nitrogen source was found to be optimum for xylitol production. Further, when Plackett-Burman statistical model was used to screen effective medium components, variables like xylose, peptone, magnesium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and di-sodium hydrogen phosphate were found to be highly significant for xylitol production and represented a confidence level of 97%. Validation of xylitol production under optimum conditions has shown maximum xylitol yield concentration and productivity of 52g/l, 0.74g/g and 1.08g/l/h respectively. Xylitol production has increased nearly threefold from 19 g/l to 52g/l using Plackett Burman design.