Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heading Discrimination Thresholds and Lateral Heading Detection Thresholds When Exposed to Low-frequency Linear Motion

This paper reports two experiments conducted to measure human heading discrimination performance. In the first experiment, we measured the minimum heading angle of a linear heading motion that can be discriminated from the straight ahead direction - ‘Heading Discrimination Threshold (HDT)’. Uni-directional linear sinusoidal motion was used. Effects of different combinations of peak acceleration (20, 25 and 30 cm/s2) and frequencies (0.25, 0.5 and 1 Hz) were studied. In the second experiment, we also measured minimum peak acceleration needed for subjects to discriminate lateral heading motions and call it ‘Heading Detection Threshold (HDeT)’. We hypothesized that HDTs will be linearly correlated with HDeTs when measured in same frequency conditions. The preliminary result of first 7 subjects showed that peak acceleration magnitude was a significant factor on HDTs while frequency was not. A trend towards a significant correlation between HDTs and HDeTs was emerging for the 1 Hz condition.
The effect of Teach-back Method during discharge on the stress and anxiety of mothers of babies undergoing open heart surgery

Background and aims: The research investigated the effect of care training during discharge on the stress and anxiety levels of mothers whose babies are undergoing open heart surgery. Parents of children with CHD experience high levels of stress and anxiety starting from the time of diagnosis, throughout the hospitalization for cardiac surgery, and even in the months and years that follow. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 mothers of children undergoing open heart surgery referred to the Tehran Children’s Medical Center Hospital entered the study through lottery sampling in 2019. Then, the Teach-back Method program was implemented for the intervention group in four sessions. Data were collected before and immediately after the intervention using a Questionnaire measuring parents’ stress and the Spielberger anxiety questionnaire. It was then analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Results: The study found that following the intervention, there was a significant decrease in the average scores of states and trait anxiety compared to the initial scores (P=0.006 and P=0.007, respectively). Additionally, the average stress score after the intervention was significantly lower than the initial score (P=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that offering oral instructions to mothers during the discharge phase of their children’s open-heart surgery can lead to positive outcomes by reducing post-operative anxiety and stress. These results highlight the need for further research to explore the long-term effects of post-operative oral education in various clinical settings.
The Relationship Between Occupational Functionality and Metacognition in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common mental disorders with a loss of functionality in many areas of life. The current study aims to reveal the relationship between occupational functionality and metacognition in OCD patients. Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study sample consisted of 183 participants diagnosed with OCD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Participants were evaluated with the Yale-Brown Obsession and Compulsion Scale (Y-BOCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Metacognition Scale (MCQ-30). The occupational functioning of the participants was determined by the basic version of the semi-structured Longitudinal Follow-up Evaluation form (LIFE-BASE) in interviews with the clinician. The LIFE-BASE form divided the study sample into functional (n=92) and non-functional (n=91). Results: It was determined that the mean age of the study sample was 32.49±8.65 years, and 54.1% (n=99) of them were female. When the two groups were compared, statistically significant differences were found in gender (p<0.001), education (p=0.012), Y-BOCS compulsion (p=0.003), and total scores (p=0.006). In the comparison of the groups, a statistical difference was found between the MCQ-30 Positive Beliefs subscale (p<0.05). However, no statistical difference was found between uncontrollability and danger, cognitive confidence, belief in controlling thoughts, and cognitive awareness. In addition, it was found that gender and the MCQ-30 positive beliefs score could predict occupational functioning. Conclusion: The present study is important because it was the first study to show the effects of positive beliefs on occupational functioning in OCD patients. However, further studies are needed on the underlying causes of this effect.
New evidence of dayside plasma transportation over the polar cap to the prevailing dawn sector in the polar upper atmosphere for solar‐maximum winter

It is well known that owing to the transport of high‐density sunlit plasma from dayside to nightside primarily by convection, polar cap tongue of ionization (TOI), polar cap patches, and blobs are common features in the polar ionosphere. The steep density gradients at the edges of these structures lead to severe problems in applications involving radio waves traversing the ionosphere. To better understand the evolution of TOI/patches/blobs, it is essential to examine how the transported sunlit plasma is distributed. Through averaging the hourly total electron content in solar‐maximum winter, we present complete distribution of polar ionospheric plasma and find that the dayside plasma can be transported through cusp, over polar cap, and eventually to the prevailing dawnside, showing asymmetric distribution around magnetic midnight. The negative interplanetary magnetic field By or Bz component is favored for the plasma transportation from dayside to the prevailing dawn sector. This provides direct evidence for the plasma source of the dawnside high‐density plasma structure. The same corotating convection direction as convection at auroral dawnside is responsible for the prevailing dawn sector transportation. This finding is significant for forecasting TOI/patches/blobs in conducting space weather in the polar ionosphere.
Traditional Retailer’s Intention to opt E-commerce for Digital Retail Business in Saudi Arabia

This study investigates the factor affecting traditional retailer’s intention to opt e-commerce in the context of digital retail business in Saudi Arabia. Employing a cross-sectional survey methodology, structured questionnaires were administered to traditional retailers, providing a snapshot of their perceptions and intentions regarding e-commerce adoption. The data analysis was conducted utilizing the PLS-based structural equation modeling method. The study reveals that perceived usefulness is a pivotal driver, positively impacting the intention to opt e-commerce. Moreover, attitude towards e-commerce is significantly influenced by perceived usefulness and ease of use, highlighting the importance of user-friendly platforms. Conversely, high perceived costs can deter a positive attitude. Overcoming technological barriers is also instrumental, as they can foster a more favorable attitude. Intriguingly, organizational and environmental barriers had limited direct impact on attitude, indicating that internal and individual factors play a more substantial role in shaping the attitudes of traditional retailers in Saudi Arabia. The insights garnered from this research hold substantial significance for the traditional retail industry, government authorities, and all relevant stakeholders invested in facilitating the successful incorporation of e-commerce into Saudi Arabia's established retail sector. This integration is pivotal in ensuring a competitive edge within the dynamic landscape of digital retail. Understanding these factors is vital as the retail landscape continues to evolve, bridging the gap between traditional and digital retail models.
Evaluation of Phosphorus Transport and Transformations in GLEAMS 3.0

The overall goal of this research was to improve simulation of soil phosphorus (P) transport and transformations in GLEAMS 3.0, a non-point source model that simulates edge-of-field and bottom-of-root-zone loadings of nutrients from climate-soil-management interactions to assess management alternatives. The objectives of this research were to identify the state of the science for P transport and transformations, determine appropriate relationships for inclusion in GLEAMS, and determine if modifications to GLEAMS improved predictions of P loss in runoff, sediment, and leachate. The state of the science review revealed numerous equations available to predict dissolved P loss in runoff and leachate from a soil’s nutrient status. These equations use a single variable to predict P loss and were developed for site-specific conditions based on empirical data. Use of these equations in GLEAMS is not reasonable as transport factors must also be considered when predicting P loss. Results from the sensitivity analysis showed that GLEAMS prediction of leached P were extremely sensitive to changes in the P partitioning coefficient (CPKD). Runoff PO4-P output was slightly to moderately sensitive, sediment PO4-P was moderately sensitive to sensitive, and sediment organic P was moderately sensitive to changes in CPKD whereas plant uptake of P was insensitive to slightly sensitive. The weakness of GLEAMS to estimate CPKD has been documented. Upon further investigation, it was determined that CPKD was highly over-estimated in GLEAMS as compared to measured values found during the literature review. Furthermore, this over-estimation caused under-estimation of the P extraction coefficient (βp); the value of βp remained constant at 0.10 and did not vary over the simulation period. Expressions for CPKD and βp were modified in GLEAMS. Data from three published studies (Belle Mina, Gilbert Farm, and Watkinsville) were used in the analyses of three
Hafnium isotope constraints on the origin of Mesoarchaean andesites in southern West Greenland, North Atlantic Craton

Abstract Numerous supracrustal belts in southern West Greenland host leucoamphibolites, which commonly preserve volcaniclastic textures, and are interpreted as meta-andesites. Such rocks are associated with mesocratic amphibolites of tholeiitic basaltic compositions, which display pillow-lava structures and, thus, support eruption in an oceanic environment. Here we present bulk-rock Lu–Hf isotope data for meta-andesites from the approximately 3071 Ma Qussuk supracrustal belt. Surprisingly, we find evidence for the involvement of a source with near-chondritic Hf-isotope composition in the meta-andesites, whereas the metabasalts display more depleted compositions, with around +4. Trace element modelling indicates that fractional crystallization in combination with crustal assimilation (AFC) is not capable of producing the geochemical compositions of the meta-andesitic rocks from a basaltic melt. Instead, these meta-andesites point to large degrees (c. 50%) of magma mixing, involving mafic and felsic end members. This may either represent: (1) a magma chamber process; (2) mantle-wedge overprinting by a silicic component; or (3) large degrees of melting of primitive mafic crust. Given that there is abundant independent structural and metamorphic evidence for horizontal tectonics in the Archaean crust of southern West Greenland, it is likely that these calc-alkaline meta-andesites and tholeiitic metabasalts were produced by Mesoarchaean subduction zone volcanism.
Assessment of the Genetic Diversity and Structure of the Korean Endemic Freshwater Fish Microphysogobio longidorsalis (Gobioninae) Using Microsatellite Markers: A First Glance from Population Genetics

Microphysogobio longidorsalis is endemic to South Korea and inhabits small areas of the Namhangang, Bukhangang, and Imjingang Rivers in the Hangang River water system. Endemic species usually are more vulnerable than species with a wide distribution. Notably, there is a lack of basic conservation data for M. longidorsalis. We analyzed 19 microsatellite loci in six populations of M. longidorsalis in South Korea to characterize their population structure and genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of the microsatellites was 0.741–0.779, which is lower than that of other freshwater fishes. The pairwise genetic differentiation of microsatellite (FST) values ranged from 0.007 to 0.041, suggesting low genetic differentiation between the populations. The Jojongicheon stream population (CP) had an effective population size of <100. Therefore, conservation efforts are required to prevent inbreeding depression in M. longidorsalis. Discriminant analysis of principal components showed that the Hangang River water system would be a single management unit (MU). Our findings provide fundamental genetic insights for the formulation of conservation strategies for M. longidorsalis.
Grandmother effects over the Finnish demographic transition

Demographic transitions are defining events for human societies, marking shifts from natural mortality and fertility rates to the low rates seen in industrialised populations. These transitions can affect trait evolution through altering the direction and strength of selection when variance in fertility and mortality decline. One key feature of human evolution is the evolution of extended post-reproductive life through indirect fitness benefits from grandmothering. Although studies in pre- and post-transition societies have documented beneficial grandmother presence, it remains unknown whether these associations changed before, during, or after the transition. Here, we use genealogical data from eighteenth- to twientieth-century Finland to show grandmother-associated changes of two measures of evolutionary fitness (grandchild survival and birth rate) over the transition. We find that grandmothers had greater opportunity to help as the transition progressed, but their effect on grandchild survival declined alongside general mortality rates, implying that selection on lifespan from grandmothering declined too. Whilst grandmother presence was still associated with reduced birth intervals and hence more grandchildren born post-transition, the nature of this relationship changed greatly. This suggests that although potential for intergenerational interactions increased over the demographic transition, the (hypothesised) evolutionary importance of these interactions declined, which reduced selection for extended post-reproductive lifespan.
Fracture Resistance of Posterior Tooth-Supported Cantilever Fixed Dental Prostheses of Different Zirconia Generations and Framework Thicknesses: An In Vitro Study

The rehabilitation of free-end situations is a frequent indication in prosthetic dentistry. Cantilever fixed dental prostheses (cFDPs) made of 1st and 2nd generation zirconia are one treatment option. Due to a unique gradient technology, combinations of different zirconium dioxide generations are thus feasible in one restoration. However, data about these materials are rare. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the fracture resistance and fracture modes of tooth-supported cFDPs fabricated from different zirconia materials (gradient technology) and different framework thicknesses. A total of 40 cFDPs were fabricated using the CAD/CAM approach and belonged to five test groups. The different groups differed in the yttria content, the proportion of the tetragonal/cubic phases, or in wall thickness (0.7 mm or 1 mm). After completion, the cFDPs were subjected to thermal cycling and chewing simulation (1.2 × 106 load cycles, 108 N load). Afterwards, cFDPs were statically loaded until fracture in a universal testing machine. A non-parametric ANOVA was compiled to determine the possible effects of group membership on fracture resistance. In addition, post-hoc Tukey tests were used for bivariate comparisons. The mean fracture loads under axial load application ranged from 288 to 577 N. ANOVA detected a significant impact of the used material on the fracture resistances (p < 0.001). Therefore, the use of cFDPs fabricated by gradient technology zirconia may not be unreservedly recommended for clinical use, whereas cFPDs made from 3Y-TZP exhibit fracture resistance above possible masticatory loads in the posterior region.
Bioeconomy and resilience to economic shocks: insights from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

Using the latest release of employment and value added numbers in the bioeconomy sectors, we conducted an analysis on the performance of the EU bioeconomy during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Our findings point to a possibly higher level of resilience of the bioeconomy sectors compared to the overall economy. While employment in the bioeconomy registered a similar (but slightly sharper) decrease to the total EU average (-1.7% vs. -1.4%), the value added fell substantially below average (-0.4% vs. -4.0%). The more contemporary biomass-processing sectors (chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as bioelectricity) performed better than the more traditional sectors (such as food or textiles). At the Member State level, we observe a high degree of heterogeneity in sectoral performance. By discussing these estimates alongside previous qualitative insights from the related literature, we emphasize the relevance of the bioeconomy not only for environmental sustainability but also for socioeconomic resilience.
Phosphorus budgets for Pennsylvania cropland: 1939 to 2002

ABSTRACT: Historically phosphorus (P) was applied to cropland based on expected crop response and to correct soil nutrient deficiencies. As these deficiencies have become less common and animal production has intensified in many regions, concerns about surplus cropland P becoming a water resource pollutant have replaced historical concerns. To understand spatial and temporal changes in P surpluses, P budgets were developed for Pennsylvania cropland at approximately ten-year intervals from 1939 to 2002. The P balance, the difference between inputs to crop land (manure and fertilizer) and outputs (harvested crops), estimates the change in soil P storage plus P losses through runoff, erosion and leaching. Although the state-level P balance decreased since 1949, in 20 counties the maximum excess P occurred since 1992. Nutrient budgets, such as those developed for P in this research, can contribute to more informed strategies to reduce or prevent cropland P surpluses and thus reduce the risk to water quality.
The influence of wave action on coastal erosion along Monwabisi Beach, Cape Town

The coastline to the east of the Monwabisi Beach tidal pool has been subject to substantial visible coastal erosion. Monwabisi is located near the City of Cape Town and is situated along the northern coastline of False Bay. The erosion that has occurred has raised concern as it is damaging local infrastructure. The coastline retreat to the east of Monwabisi was investigated through analysis of aerial photographs and wave data to establish whether there is a relationship between dynamic wave action that this bay is subjected to, and the observed erosion within the study area. The maximum lateral coastal erosion at the Monwabisi study area from 2003 until 2014 was approximately 30m in a landward direction. Based on the correlation of the results between the rate of coastline retreat and the wave data, the study has concluded that the extreme rates of coastline retreat experienced within the study area at Monwabisi is most likely a direct result of a combination of influences including the number and height of big wave events, waves coming from a more southerly direction, the underlying geological substrate of the study area, and the impact that the local infrastructure has had on the geological substrate. Three time periods of maximum monthly erosion rates occurred from June 2008 to November 2009, March 2010 to March 2011 and April 2011 to June 2012.
School program integrated with nursing intervention for reducing bullying behavior among students: A narrative review

Bullying among students is a serious problem that is increasing every year. Bullying behavior causes victims to experience mental health problems such as anxiety and trauma until adulthood. The role of schools is needed to deal with the problem of bullying among students. The aim of this study is to describe a school program that integrates nursing interventions to reduce bullying behavior in students. This study used a design narrative review. Article from PubMed database. The inclusion criteria in this study were that the sample consisted of students, full text, using English, school program, nursing interventions, randomized control trials or quasi-experimental designs, and the last 5 years of publication (2018–2023). The research results showed that there were 6 articles discussing integrated school programs with nursing interventions to reduce bullying behavior in students. Program implementation is carried out by involving teachers, students, parents and health workers through educational activities, counseling, games and training. Active student involvement is important to reduce bullying behavior. In addition, student safety and comfort need to be considered to support the intervention process. Students also need to be trained to improve their assertiveness and empathy skills in order to be able to build interpersonal relationships between students so as to reduce the occurrence of conflicts that cause bullying. Then, school programs that are integrated with health workers need to actively involve the government so that they can issue policies to reduce bullying.
Bird distribution dynamics 8 – Hadeda Ibis Bostrychia hagedash in South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland

The Hadeda Ibis can be a mundane and somewhat automatic addition to an atlas list within the core of its range, but it should be remembered that Hadeda Ibis is one of the most dynamic and successful species in the SABAP2 region. In South Africa's most arid areas it is still expanding its range and increasing in abundance. The factors underpinning the increase are anthropogenic. As the effects of climate change play out - mainly drier and warmer conditions leading to ? hard, sun-baked soil? impenetrable to bills - it seems likely that the momentum of its expansion will be moderated and potentially reversed. The interplay of anthropogenic and climate change factors on the distribution and abundance of Hadeda Ibis makes this an interesting and important species to monitor during the forthcoming decades of the 21st century.
Has cultural heritage monetary value an impact on visits? An assessment using Italian official data

In this paper we try to investigate which factors affect the visits to Cultural Heritage (CH), using Italy as a case study. We adopt a broad definition of CH including archaeological and historical sites, historical buildings and, also, museums, focusing our attention on State CH. In our empirical analysis we use a rather innovative indicator of CH value, i.e. the monetary value of State CH, officially provided by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Using these data, this paper aims at evaluating if such monetary value has a significant role in stimulating visits to cultural sites for the years 1996-2010. We also control for other factors potentially affecting the number of visits to cultural sites, such as alternative tourist attractors and the regional performance in the tourism sector. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that attempts to investigate the effect of CH monetary value on cultural participation.