Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Covalently bonding chiral polyurethane on aminated silica gel : A new strategy to prepare chiral stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography

Two polyurethanes of different molecular weights were prepared by the copolymerization of phenyl diisocyanate and diisopropyl tartrate. The polyurethanes having terminal isocyanate groups were reacted with 3-aminopropyl silica gel to afford two chiral stationary phases. The of the two polyurethanes were 4057 g/mol and 6442 g/mol. The polyurethanes and the corresponding chiral stationary phases were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The loading capacities of the polyurethanes on silica gel were 0.68 mmol units/g and 0.61 mmol units/g, respectively. The separation performance and the influence of additives, triethylamine and trichloroacetic acid, on the separation of chiral compounds were investigated by HPLC. The chiral stationary phase prepared from polyurethane with of 4057 g/mol demonstrated better enantioseparation capability than that with of 6442 g/mol. Additionally, it was found that the addition of triethylamine and trichloroacetic acid in the mobile phases significantly improved the enantioseparation for these two chiral stationary phases.
Synthesis and properties of a novel high temperature pyridine‐containing phthalonitrile polymer

A novel pyridine-containing aromatic phthalonitrile monomer, 2,6-bis[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzoyl]pyridine (BCBP) was synthesized from the nitro displacement of 4-nitrophthalonitrile by the phenoxide of 2,6-bis (4-hydroxybenzoyl)pyridine (BHBP). 4-(Aminophenoxy) phthalonitrile (APPH) was selected to promote the curing reaction, and the curing behavior has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), suggesting a wide processing window about 64 °C. Different curing additive concentrations resulted in polymers with different crosslinking degrees and subsequently influenced the performance of resins. The resulting BCBP polymer exhibited high glass transition temperatures exceeding 400 °C, outstanding thermo-oxidative stability with weight retention of 95% at 530 °C, indicating a significant improvement in thermal properties endowed by pyridine units. Additionally, it also showed a lower overall water absorption after submersion in boiling water for 50 hours. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3819–3825
Influence of Pitch Size on Short-Term High Intensity Actions and Body Impacts in Soccer Sided Games

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare external training loads between small-sided games (SSGs) and largesided games (LSGs) in soccer players. Twenty outfield soccer players (14.8 ± 0.6 years old) who competed in the Spanish U16 Provincial Division and belonged to the same team participated in the study. The soccer sided games were played at different individual interaction space (IIS) per player (i.e., SSG = 100 m2 and LSG = 200 m2) and were disputed in the same format (five-a-side plus goalkeepers) on two different pitch sizes (i.e., 38 x 26 vs. 53 x 37 m) defending an official soccer-goal. The sided games’ duration was 4 bouts of 6 min with 2 min rest intervals between bouts. The results of this study showed no meaningful differences in the total distance and intensity of accelerations and decelerations between SSGs and LSGs except for the lower distance covered at medium intensity (2.5 - 4 m·s-2) observed during LSGs (-10.2%; ES (effect size): -0.51). Players registered greater sprints, maximum velocity (Velmax) and body impacts at different intensities (i.e., I5-6g, I6-6.5g, I6.5-7g, I7-8g, I8-10g,) in LSGs in comparison to SSGs. These findings suggest that an increase in the pitch size (i.e., IIS per player) can induce higher external loads for soccer players.
SARS-CoV-2: A critical review of preventive and control measures in the context of the virus’ characteristics

Abstract The year 2020 has been marked by the novel coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic on the 11th of March 2020 due to the spread of this very contagious virus throughout the world. Since the outbreak, we have gained many insights about the virus, its presence and persistence in the environment and its possible and most common transmission routes. Such knowledge about the virus is invaluable for establishing effective preventive and control measures (also referred to as Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs)) that have become a key to tackling this pandemic in the absence of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this review, we discuss five main groups of NPIs: 1) ventilation, 2) cleaning and disinfection, 3) hand hygiene, 4) physical distancing, and 5) protective masks. We explore their shortcomings and potential negative consequences that might occur as unwanted side effects.
High Sensitive Enzyme Based Glucose Sensor Using Lead Sulfide Nanocrystals

In recent years, glucose oxidase (GOx) based sugar level detecting techniques have been intensively developed. In order to improve the diagnosis and desease treatment in low- and middle-income countries, the low cost, easily processing, but still high sensitive sensing systems/equipments play a very important rules in biomedicine and life science. In this work, lead sulfide (PbS) nanocolloids were used as electron receptor. The results showed that the sensitivity of the glucose sensor reached 546.2 μA cm-2 mM-1. It is note that, some early works on GOx based glucose sensor only reached sensitivity less than 100 μA cm-2 mM-1.Keywords: Lead sulfide nanoparticles, glucose sensor, glucose oxidase.
The Effect of a Tailored Intervention on Female Soccer Players’ Hydration Status

Abstract Numerous studies have reported that athletes’ pre-training/-game hydration status is of concern. Up to now, only two cohort studies have examined the effect of an intervention aimed at improving pretraining/-game hydration status; however, without including a control group. Therefore, the aim of this quasi-experimental study was to examine whether and to what extent an individually tailored intervention focused on the benefits of being optimally hydrated before training or game would alter the hydration status of female soccer players. Two teams of young adult female soccer players were allocated to an intervention (n = 22; 19.8 ± 3.0 years) or a control group (n = 15; 22.8 ± 4.0 years). Players in the intervention group received an individually tailored intervention, based on Urine Specific Gravity (USG) measurements, which took place in between two training weeks. Before each training and match play, a urine sample was collected to determine players’ hydration status. Mixed modelling was applied to assess within and between differences in hydration status over time. The pre-training/-game hydration status of the intervention group improved significantly, with players’ mean USG-value decreasing from 1.013 ± 0.001 g/mL to 1.008 ± 0.002 g/mL (p = 0.005). In contrast, the mean USG-value in the control group increased significantly from 1.012 ± 0.002 g/mL to 1.016 ± 0.002 g/mL (p = 0.023), indicating a deterioration of their pre-training/-game hydration status. The individually tailored intervention did show a positive effect even though female soccer players in the present study were already reasonably well hydrated before the start of the intervention.
Applying the Input-Process-Outcome Model to Team Learning in Sport Sciences: An Exploratory Qualitative Study on Twenty Soccer Players

Abstract In sport science literature, referring to the Input-Process-Outcome (IPO) model, few studies demonstrated links between team training and team learning despites several calls for empirical studies. Thus, this study aimed at exploring systemically the building process of the interpersonal coordination by focusing on (1) a specific antecedent (i.e., video feedback during practice), (2) the influence of this antecedent on the team learning process, and (3) outcomes from this process as shared cognitive contents. Thus, this study was original by examining empirically the IPO model in a sport-training context. Our study showed that Input influenced the specific learning Process during practice (five processes) and video feedback sessions (five processes) and produced Outcomes (six typical shared cognitive contents). Finally, results are discussed in relation to team learning processes theoretically identified in the literature and an IPO soccer model adapted to team learning in a soccer context is proposed.
Fiscal Stability of the Local Government Units in the Republic of Srpska

Abstract Fiscal stability of the local self-government units is the condition for stable public finances of the Republic of Srpska (hereinafter: RS) as a whole. Stable public finances of local self-government units have a positive impact on the economic growth of the RS. Therefore, it is necessary to pay a significant attention to the fiscal problems of local self-government units (hereinafter: LGUs). Although the public finances of the LGUs make up 15% of the total public finances of the Republic of Srpska, it is important to emphasize that the life of the RS citizens takes place in the local self-government. In this regard, LGUs have the important role in providing public goods and services, as well as creating the environment for the life of citizens on the basis of legally defined competencies. Having in mind the importance and role of local self-government units in the RS, it is necessary to ensure the efficient management and stability of their public finances. One of the preconditions for the successful exercise of the competencies of LGUs is the rational and efficient use of available resources. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of the key fiscal factors of local self-government units on their fiscal stability. The results of this analysis will provide answers to the question of how rational and efficient local self-government units are in the execution of their competencies and how it is reflected on their revenues and expenditures, i.e. in total public finances of RS.
Re-presenting Complex Scientific Phenomena Using Agent-Based Modeling in Engineering Education

: A chronic problem in engineering education is that students’ knowledge is superficial, fragmented, and ungenerative. I embark from the conjecture that these shortcomings result from cognitive discontinuity between intuitive forms of sense-making that deal with objects and actions and algebraic formulas traditionally used in this discipline. I propose and that a new form of representation, agent-based models, may offer greater cognitive continuity from sense-making to disciplinary knowledge. Study 1, an analysis of textbook content and lecturer practice, confirmed the cognitive-discontinuity conjecture by implicating the epistemic challenges of converting sense-making into formulas. Study 2 was a longitudinal evaluation of an agent-based, complementary curricular unit for materials science undergraduates. A micro-ethnographic case study of one student’s progress through this unit documents the challenges and achievements of appropriating the agent based perspective as means of empowering sense-making.
Assessing the learning behavioral intention of commuters in mobility practices

Learning behavior mechanism is widely anticipated in managed settings through the formal syllabus. However, heading for learning stimulus whilst daily mobility practices through urban transit is the novel feature in learning sciences. Theory of planned behavior (TPB), technology acceptance model (TAM), and service quality of transit are conceptualized to assess the learning behavioral intention (LBI) of commuters in Greater Kuala Lumpur. An online survey was conducted to understand the LBI of 117 travelers who use the technology to engage in the informal learning process during daily commuting. The results explored that all the model variables i.e., perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, service quality, and subjective norms are significant predictors of LBI. The perceived usefulness of learning during traveling and transit service quality has a vibrant impact on LBI. The research will support the informal learning mechanism from commuters point of view. The study is a novel contribution to transport and learning literature that will open the new prospect of research in urban mobility and its connotation with personal learning and development.
Is Computer Support More Significant than Collaboration in Promoting Self-Efficacy and Transfer?

: In the learning sciences, we assume that deep learning is more likely to occur in complex social and technological environments. Deep learning, in turn, is related to higher degrees of transfer and self-efficacy. It follows that population correlation estimates of the relationship between self-efficacy and training transfer should be higher in those conditions that afford computer support and collaboration. This meta-analysis (29 studies, k = 33, N = 4,158) tested this assumption. Based on social cognitive theory, results suggested positive population correlation estimates between self-efficacy and transfer ( (cid:85) = 0.39). Results also showed that effect sizes were higher in trainings with rather than without computer support, and higher in trainings without rather than with collaboration. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for theories of complex social and computer-mediated learning environments and their practical significance for scaffolding technology-enhanced learning and interaction.
The low efficiency of lignite separation by an enhanced gravity concentrator

ABSTRACT Separation tests were conducted to investigate the separation performance of fine lignite by enhanced gravity concentrator. Size composition analysis illustrates that ultrafine coal with high ash content is mainly concentrated in clean coal. In addition, it also shows that ultrafine particles content increased after separation. The size composition change was explained by surface property analysis, and results show that adhesion of fragments and surface hydrophilicity that was caused by high content of oxygen functional groups are responsible for the size change. The existence of ultrafine particle is the main reason of low separation efficiency.
Endovascular therapy with or without intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke with tandem occlusion

Background Endovascular therapy (EVT) is effective and safe in patients with tandem occlusion. The benefit of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) prior to EVT in acute tandem occlusion is debatable. Objective To compare EVT alone with EVT plus IVT in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation tandem occlusions. Methods This is an individual patient pooled analysis of the Thrombectomy In TANdem lesions (TITAN) and Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Registries. Patients were divided into two groups based on prior IVT treatment: (1) IVT+ group, which included patients who received IVT prior to EVT, (2) IVT− group, which included patients who did not receive IVT prior to EVT. Propensity score (inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)) was used to reduce baseline between-group differences. The primary outcome was favorable outcome—that is, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0 to 2 at 90 days. Results Overall, 602 consecutive patients with an acute stroke with tandem occlusion were included (380 and 222 in the bridging therapy and EVT alone groups, respectively). Onset to imaging time was shorter in the IVT+ group (median 103 vs 140 min). In contrast, imaging to puncture time was longer in the IVT+ group (median 107 vs 91 min). In IPTW analysis, the IVT+ group had higher odds of favorable outcome, excellent outcome (90-day mRS score 0–1), and successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2b/3 at the end of EVT). There was no difference in the risk of significant hemorrhagic complications between groups. In secondary analysis of patients treated with acute cervical internal carotid artery stenting, bridging therapy was associated with higher odds of favorable outcome and lower odds of mortality at 90 days. Conclusions Our results suggest that bridging therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to anterior tandem occlusion is safe and may improve functional outcome, even in the setting of acute cervical internal carotid artery stenting during EVT.
Trends in disability-free life expectancy at age 50 years in Australia between 2001 and 2011 by social disadvantage

Background The aims of this study were (1) to estimate 10-year trends in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by area-level social disadvantage and (2) to examine how incidence, recovery and mortality transitions contributed to these trends. Methods Data were drawn from the nationally representative Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. Two cohorts (baseline age 50+ years) were followed up for 7 years, from 2001 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2017, respectively. Social disadvantage was indicated by the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA). Two DFLEs based on a Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) and difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs) measured by the 36-Item Short Form Survey physical function subscale were estimated by cohort, sex and SEIFA tertile using multistate models. Results Persons residing in the low-advantage tertile had more years lived with GALI and ADL disability than those in high-advantage tertiles. Across the two cohorts, dynamic equilibrium for GALI disability was observed among men in mid-advantage and high-advantage tertiles, but expansion of GALI disability occurred in the low-advantage tertile. There was expansion of GALI disability for all women irrespective of their SEIFA tertile. Compression of ADL disability was observed for all men and for women in the high-advantage tertile. Compared to the 2001 cohort, disability incidence was lower for the 2011 cohort of men within mid-advantage and high-advantage tertiles, whereas recovery and disability-related mortality were lower for the 2011 cohort of women within the mid-advantage tertile. Conclusion Overall, compression of morbidity was more common in high-advantage areas, whereas expansion of morbidity was characteristic of low-advantage areas. Trends also varied by sex and disability severity.
Asperger's and virtual reality

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by a deﬁcit in social–pragmatic communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior; these disorders are distributed within a “spectrum” of phenotypic variabilities. Virtual reality (VR) is an effective tool for intervention in the health field, and particularly motivating to safely enhance social skills in children with ASD. VR represents “an artificial environment which is experienced through sensory stimuli (such as sights and sounds) provided by a computer and in which one’s actions partially determine what happens in the environment”, and it also provides safe and unlimited daily contexts useful for practicing in social scenarios. In this study we compare two types of intervention to enhance social skills: a traditional emotional training, performed individually with the therapist (group 1), and an emotional training achieved via the usage of VR (group 2). Specifically, in this study we compared the two types of intervention, with the scope to identify the intervention with the shorter time of acquisition for the proposed social tasks. Specifically, this work supports the hypothesis that the intervention based on the use of VR allows a faster acquisition of social tasks.
Audience Effects: A Bidirectional Artifact Analysis of Adolescents' Creative Writing

Much of the literature that developed rhetorical and cognitive viewpoints on audience suggests that when writers write with an audience in mind, imagined readers affect the writing. This paper investigates these audience effects by examining a creative writing workshop and asking how conversations with readers lead to revisions. Drawn from a case study of an 11th grade classroom, this bidirectional artifact analysis traces writing through students’ drafts, revisions, and feedback. The resulting work shows how revision and writing development ties to interactions with readers—members of the students’ audience. Introduction and Research Questions Much of the literature that developed rhetorical (e.g. Ong, 1975; Berkenkotter, 1981) and cognitive (e.g. Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1987; Flower & Hayes, 1981) viewpoints on audience includes an implicit assumption: Real and imagined readers affect writers’ writing. Such studies have led to consequences in school writing curricula, including pre-writing (e.g. Pressley, 2005), writers’ workshop (e.g. Atwell, 1998), and authentic pedagogies that connect students with real-world audiences (e.g. Duke, 2010). Similar to Learning Sciences work that aims to link classroom learning with authentic practices and contexts (e.g. Brown, 1992; Shaffer, 2006), these pedagogies posit that writing for readers reinforces literacy as communicative and helps writers plan, draft, and revise. This paper, drawn from a case study of an 11th grade English classroom, analyzes students’ experiences with one of these pedagogies: writers’ workshop. I employ bidirectional artifact analysis (Halverson & Magnifico, under revision) to trace students’ writings through individual drafts, revisions, and feedback from peers and teacher. This work shows how writing development (or lack thereof) was tied to interactions with readers—members of the students’ audience. I take up two research questions: (1) In the context of a creative writing community, how do readers impact participants’ development of their written pieces? (2) What changes and revisions do participants make when they write for and converse with their readers?
Using the Learner-Generated Drawing Strategy: How Much Instructional Support Is Useful?

Learner-generated drawing is a learning strategy which is used to improve students’ text comprehension. Research has shown that benefits of the learner-generated drawing strategy strongly depend on drawing-accuracy and that students need instructional support to draw accurate drawings. However, less is known about how much support is needed. Thus, in the present study, one hundred and two 9th graders read a science text and were instructed to generate drawings during reading with varying degrees of instructional support. Results show that students who learnt with a toolbar showing all the relevant elements for drawing showed higher drawing-accuracy scores associated with less learning time than students who learnt with pre-drawn drawing backgrounds or those who learnt without any support during drawing.
Cold Hardiness Dynamics and Spring Phenology: Climate-Driven Changes and New Molecular Insights Into Grapevine Adaptive Potential

Climate change has become a topic of increasing significance in viticulture, severely challenged by this issue. Average global temperatures are increasing, but frost events, with a large variability depending on geographical locations, have been predicted to be a potential risk for grapevine cultivation. Grape cold hardiness encompasses both midwinter and spring frost hardiness, whereas the avoidance of spring frost damage due to late budbreak is crucial in cold resilience. Cold hardiness kinetics and budbreak phenology are closely related and affected by bud’s dormancy state. On the other hand, budbreak progress is also affected by temperatures during both winter and spring. Genetic control of bud phenology in grapevine is still largely undiscovered, but several studies have recently aimed at identifying the molecular drivers of cold hardiness loss and the mechanisms that control deacclimation and budbreak. A review of these related traits and their variability in different genotypes is proposed, possibly contributing to develop the sustainability of grapevine production as climate-related challenges rise.