Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decreased number of hospitalized children with severe acute lower respiratory infection after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

Introduction acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) are a leading killer of children under five worldwide including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). We aimed to determine the morbidity and case fatality rate due to ALRI before and after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PVC13) in DR Congo 2013. Methods data were collected from medical records of children with a diagnosis of ALRI, aged from 2 to 59 months, treated at four hospitals in the Eastern DR Congo. Two study periods were defined; from 2010 to 2012 (before introduction of PCV13) and from 2014 to 2015 (after PCV13 introduction). Results out of 21,478 children admitted to the hospitals during 2010-2015, 2,007 were treated for ALRI. The case fatality rate among these children was 4.9%. Death was significantly and independently associated with malnutrition, severe ALRI, congenital disease and symptoms of fatigue. Among the ALRI hospitalised children severe ALRI decreased from 31% per year to 18% per year after vaccine introduction (p = 0.0002) while the fatality rate remained unchanged between the two study periods. Following introduction of PCV13, 63% of the children diagnosed with ALRI were treated with ampicillin combined with gentamicin while 33% received ceftriaxone and gentamicin. Conclusion three years after PCV13 introduction in the Eastern part of the DR Congo, we found a reduced risk of severe ALRI among children below five years. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were frequently used for the treatment of ALRI in the absence of any microbiological diagnostic support.
A Model-based Tightly Coupled Architecture for Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Real-Time Applications

This paper investigates the navigation performance of a vehicle dynamic model-based (VDM-based) tightly coupled architecture for a fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) during a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) outage for real-time applications. Unlike an Inertial Navigation System (INS) which uses inertial sensor measurements to propagate the navigation solution, the VDM uses control inputs from either the autopilot system or direct pilot commands to propagate the navigation states. The proposed architecture is tested using both raw GNSS observables (Pseudorange and Doppler frequency) and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems-grade (MEMS) Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) measurements fused using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to aid the navigation solution. Other than the navigation states, the state vector also includes IMU errors, wind velocity, VDM parameters, and receiver clock bias and drift. Simulation results revealed significant performance improvements with a decreasing number of satellites in view during 140 seconds of a GNSS outage. With two satellites visible during the GNSS outage, the position error improved by one order of magnitude as opposed to a tightly coupled INS/GNSS scheme. Real flight tests on a small fixed-wing UAV show the benefits of the approach with position error being an order of magnitude better as opposed to a tightly coupled INS/GNSS scheme with two satellites in view during 100 seconds of a GNSS outage.
Synthesis and Coordination Behaviour of a Phosphanyl(vinyl)ferrocene

Donor properties of 1-(diphenylphosphanyl)-1'-vinylferrocene ( 1 ) were investigated in a series of reactions with palladium(II), rhodium(I), and copper(I) compounds. In all complexes obtained, compound 1 coordinates exclusively as a monodentate phosphorus donor, giving trans -[PdCl 2 ( 1 -κ P ) 2 ] ( 3 ) with [PdCl 2 (cod)], [PdCl(L NC )( 1 -κ P )] ( 4 ) with [{Pd(L NC )} 2 (μ-Cl) 2 ], and trans -[RhCl(CO)( 1 -κ P ) 2 ] ( 5 ) with [{Rh(CO) 2 } 2 (μ-Cl) 2 ] (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene, L NC = 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl-κ N ]phenyl-κ C 1 ). Copper(I) precursors CuI and [Cu(MeCN) 4 ]PF 6 reacted with 1 in a similar manner, yielding at appropriate molar ratios heterocubane [(μ 3 -I) 4 {Cu( 1 -κ P )} 4 ] ( 6 ) and the bis(phosphane) complex [Cu(MeCN)( 1 -κ P ) 2 ]PF 6 ( 7 ), respectively. The structures of 1-(diphenylthiophosphoryl)-1'-vinylferrocene ( 2 ), 3 , 4 ·CHCl 3 , 6 ·C 6 H 6 , and 7 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
After-school childcare arrangements and maternal labor supply in low-income American households: Comparisons between race and ethnicity

Even though after-school childcare arrangements are a significant matter for working mothers in the United States, only formal childcare has been recognized as relevant by researchers. Therefore, this study aims to find the association between different types of after-school childcare arrangements (after-school programs, relative, parental, self-care, and combination of care) and low-income working mothers’ labor supply, including their working hours and months, as well as their availability for regular job shifts and training/school, with special attention to their race/ethnicity. The study employed the Ordinary Least Square regression analysis and utilized the National Household Education Survey Programs: After-School Programs and Activities (2005). The results showed that White and Hispanic mothers using relative care reported longer working hours than mothers of the same ethnic group who used other types of care. Hispanic mothers using parental (spousal) care also reported fewer working months than Hispanic mothers using relative care. Implications for policy, social work practice, and research are discussed along with limitations, including the cross-sectional design of the study.
Transformation of aqueous protein attenuated total reflectance infra-red absorbance spectroscopy to transmission

Abstract Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is increasingly being used to probe the secondary structure of proteins, especially for high-concentration samples and biopharmaceuticals in complex formulation vehicles. However, the small path lengths required for aqueous protein transmission experiments, due to high water absorbance in the amide I region of the spectrum, means that the path length is not accurately known, so only the shape of the band is ever considered. This throws away a dimension of information. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) IR spectroscopy is much easier to implement than transmission IR spectroscopy and, for a given instrument and sample, gives reproducible spectra. However, the ATR-absorbance spectrum varies with sample concentration and instrument configuration, and its wavenumber dependence differs significantly from that observed in transmission spectroscopy. In this paper, we determine, for the first time, how to transform water and aqueous protein ATR spectra into the corresponding transmission spectra with appropriate spectral shapes and intensities. The approach is illustrated by application to water, concanavalin A, haemoglobin and lysozyme. The transformation is only as good as the available water refractive index data. A hybrid of literature data provides the best results. The transformation also allows the angle of incidence of an ATR crystal to be determined. This opens the way to using both spectral shape and spectra intensity for protein structure fitting.
A Structural and Magnetic Investigation of the Inversion Degree in Ferrite Nanocrystals MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni)”

The structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline manganese, cobalt, and nickel spinel ferrites dispersed in a highly porous SiO2 aerogel matrix were studied. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicate that single crystalline ferrite nanoparticles are well dispersed in the amorphous matrix. The cation distribution between the octahedral and tetrahedral sites of the spinel structure was investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The analysis of both the X-ray absorption near edge structure and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure indicates that the degree of inversion of the spinel structure increases in the series Mn, Co, and Ni spinel, in accordance with the values commonly found in the corresponding bulk spinels. In particular, fitting of the EXAFS data indicates that the degree of inversion in nanosized ferrites is 0.20 for MnFe2O4, 0.68 for CoFe2O4, and 1.00 for NiFe2O4. Magnetic characterization further supports these findings.
Secondary Malignancy after Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Radical Prostatectomy versus External Radiotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: This study aims to determine whether the treatment of locally confined prostate cancer (PCa) with external radiotherapy (EBRT) increases the risk to develop secondary malignancies (SM) compared to radical prostatectomy (RPE). Materials and Methods: Data from patients who were treated curatively with RPE or EBRT from 2010 to 2018 and who did not have distant metastases, previous malignancy, or previous treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy at the time of diagnosis were reviewed to determine the incidence of SM over a median follow-up period of 47 months (range 12–96 months). Regression models were used to correlate the clinicopathological factors with the incidence of SM. Results: A total of 540 out of 1179 patients were eligible as per the study criteria. Of these, 316 patients underwent only RPE, while 224 patients received either definitive or adjuvant EBRT. Ten patients developed SM; 6 (1.9%) patients after RPE and 4 (1.8%) patients after EBRT. The sites of SM included stomach, bladder, rectum, lung, and palatoglossus. The median time to develop SM was 24 (9–40) and 58 (5–61) months after RPE and EBRT. Regression models showed no increase in the risk to develop SM after EBRT compared to RPE. However, patients with Grade 5 tumors harbored a higher risk to develop SM (hazard ratio 7.248, P = 0.002). Conclusion: At least in the observation period of this study, treatment of locally confined PCa with EBRT is not associated with a measurable increased risk to develop SM compared to RPE. Patients with highgrade PCa appear to be at more risk to develop SM.
Stratification‐induced order–disorder phase transitions in molecularly thin confined films

By means of grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations of a monatomic film confined between unstructured (i.e., molecularly smooth) rigidly fixed solid surfaces (i.e., walls), we investigate the mechanism of molecular stratification, i.e., the tendency of atoms to arrange themselves in layers parallel with the walls. Stratification is accompanied by a heretofore unnoticed order–disorder phase transition manifested as a maximum in density fluctuations at the transition point. The transition involves phases with different transverse packing characteristics, although the number of layers accommodated between the walls remains unchanged during the transition, which occurs periodically as the film thickens. However, with increasing thickness, an increasingly smaller proportion of the film is structurally affected by the transition. Thus, the associated maximum in density fluctuations diminishes rapidly with film thickness.
Substrate Distortion to a Boat Conformation at Subsite −1 Is Critical in the Mechanism of Family 18 Chitinases

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we examined the plausible conformations for a hexaNAG substrate bound to the active site of Chitinase A. We find that (i) the hydrolysis mechanism of Chitinase A (a family 18 chitinase from Serratia marcescens) involves substrate distortion, (ii) the first step of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (protonation of the linking anomeric oxygen between GlcNAc residues −1 and +1) requires a boat conformation for the GlcNAc residue at binding subsite −1; (iii) ab initio quantum mechanical calculations (HF/6-31G**) predict that protonation of a GlcNAc in a boat conformation leads to spontaneous anomeric bond cleavage to yield an oxazoline ion intermediate. We also studied several conformations of two possible hydrolysis intermediates: the oxocarbenium ion and the oxazoline ion. Only the oxazoline ion orients in the enzyme active site so as to allow stereoselective attack by water. This leads to retention of configuration in the anomeric product as observed experimentally. It is pos.
Sol–gel synthesised silver doped TiO2 nanoparticles supported on NaX zeolite for photocatalytic applications

Abstract Silver doped TiO2 nanocomposite [1% (w/w)] and undoped nano-TiO2 particles were prepared by sol–gel method from tetraporopyl orthotitanate as the precursor. To improve the photocatalytic efficiency, silver doped TiO2 nanoparticles were immobilised on NaX zeolite and used as photocatalyst. Chemical composition and optical absorption of the photocatalyst were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. The XRD patterns show that the supported TiO2 are crystallised in anatase phase, and the intensity of the zeolite peaks decreases with the increase in TiO2 loading. Characterisation of samples by SEM indicates that the outer surface of the zeolite crystals is covered by the titania particles. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that the nanosize titanium oxide particles are linked to the framework through Ti–O–Si bonds. Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum of metal doped TiO2 nanocomposite shows red shift in the band gap transition. The photocatalytic performances of these composite semiconductors were examined with respect to an azo dye, Orange G. The effects of pH and irradiation time on photodegradation were investigated. According to the UV-vis absorption spectroscopy results, the photodegradation of orange G dye under UV light irradiation in the presence of silver doped TiO2/NaX zeolite catalyst is more efficient than the Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite and also undoped nanotitanium oxide powder.
Polymer Supported Calix[4]arene Schiff Bases: A Novel Chelating Resin for Hg2+ and Dichromate Anions

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of two new calix[4]arene Schiff bases and their polymeric resins. The extraction properties of these “proton switchable extractants” with alkali, transition, post transition metal cations and for dichromate anions are reported. The two new calix[4]arene based Schiff bases (5 and 6) have been synthesized from 5,17‐diformyl‐25,27‐dipropoxy‐26,28‐dihydroxycalix[4]arene (4) by treatment with 3‐amino‐methylpyridine and 1,8‐diaminooctane in two separate reaction flasks following the same procedure. Compounds 5 and 6 have been appended to a polymeric resin by treatment with Merrifield resin through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The receptor compounds (3 and 5–8) do not extract alkali metal cations, but show some selectivity toward transition metal cations, and a particularly high selectivity to Hg2+ and Pb2+. The protonated forms of all of the calixarene‐based receptors are good extractants for transferring Cr2O7 2−/HCr2O7 − anions from an aqueous into a dichloromethane layer.
Application of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) for resolving pyrogallol autoxidation in weakly alkaline aqueous solutions

AbstractMultivariate curve resolution — alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) has been applied to data collected from UV/Vis spectrophotometric analysis of the autoxidation process of pyrogallol in weakly alkaline aqueous solutions. The MCR-ALS analysis was able to explain the autoxidation kinetics of pyrogallol at pH 7.4 and 8.0, allowing deduction of the pure spectra and concentration changes of different species present throughout the entire process. The autoxidation process at pH 7.4 was found to follow a first-order reaction model, with formation of purpurogallin as the sole and terminal product. Changing the pH to 8.0 not only accelerated autoxidation of pyrogallol to purpurogallin but also introduced a further autoxidation of purpurogallin. At pH 8.0 the process fits a model of two consecutive first-order reactions. The first step is formation of purpurogallin, which reacts in a further autoxidation to form a yellow colored substance, most probably purpurogallin polymer.
Coating geometries of metals on single-walled carbon nanotubes

This paper studies the coating geometries of metals on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on the basis of the nucleation theory and wetting theory. The metal surface energy, cohesion energy, diffusion barrier, and metal-SWNT interfacial energy are calculated using first-principles calculation. Metals including Fe, Al, Au, Pd, Ni, and Ti are considered. For Ti, Ni, and Pd, low metal-SWNT interfacial energies and high diffusion barriers are responsible for forming continuous or quasicontinuous layers on the SWNT surface. In contrast, Al and Au have small diffusion barriers and poor SWNT surface wetting, thus they tend to aggregate and form large clusters. Although the binding energy between Fe and SWNTs is large, due to the large cohesion energy and poor wetting, Fe may form isolated clusters. All results are in good agreement with experimental observations.
Composition of the essential oil from flowerheads of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Asteraceae) growing wild in Southern Italy

The essential oils from the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Asteraceae) growing wild in two different localities of Southern Italy, Lascari (L) and Palinuro (P), were obtained by hydrodistillation in a 0.13-0.16% yield. The oils were analysed by GC and GC-MS; 68 constituents, amounting to 89.0% of the oil (L), and 43 constituents, amounting to 91.6% of the oil (P), were identified. The trans-spiroketal-enol ether 2-(2,4- hexadiynylidene)-1,6-dioxaspiro(4,4)non-3-ene (trans-tonghaosu) with chrysanthenyl and lyratyl esters and camphor were the main components of the oils. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential Oil of Leaves and Inflorescence of Schinus terebinthifolius: An Exotic Plant of India

Abstract An oil produced from the leaves and inflorescence of Schinus terebinthifolius. Reddi grown in India was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-one compounds were aidentified accounting for 86.4% of the oil. The major components were found to be α-pinene (24.4%), limonene (11.9%) and p-cymene (14.3%).
Dust Exposure and Symptomps of Respiratory Disorder on Worker of Sikatak Bridge Development Project

Respiratory disorders are health problems that are often suffered by workers who are in the work environment or types of work that are at risk of being exposed to high levels of dust. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for respiratory disorders symptomps on workers of Sikatak bridge construction project workers. This research was an observational analytic study using a cross sectional approach in October to December 2019. Samples in this study were taken from all population as many as 50 people with a total sampling technique, total sampling is a sampling technique where the number of samples is equal to the population. Statistical test results found that there was a significant association between duration of exposure (p = 0.042; PR = 1.565; 95% CI = 1,040-2,354) to the incidence of symptomps of respiratory disorders on workers of Sikatak bridge construction project. Based on this study it can be concluded that symptomps of respiratory disorders have a proportion of respiratory disorders symptoms 1.565 times greater when working more than 8 hours per day. To avoid the risk of respiratory disorders, it can be done by regulating lifestyle, reducing smoking and using personal protective equipment.
Evaluation of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in native and crossbred cattle naturally infected with Dermatophytosis

Dermatophytosis is an endemic superficial zoonotic fungal infectious disease seen in many countries of the world affecting humans, cats, dogs, cattle, laboratory animals such as rabbits. T. verrucosum considered the main cause of ringworm in cattle. Cattle typically have circular, white-gray crust-shaped lesions on the skin on the neck and head. This study was carried out on a total of 40 native and crossbred cattle, 20 clinically healthy cattle and 20 clinical cases of dermatophytosis. The influence of dermatophytosis on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system was investigated. Serum MDA, TAS, TOS, GSH, GPx, SOD and CAT level were measured in groups. Cattle in group dermatophytosis had significantly higher MDA and TOS level and TAS, GSH levels, GPx, SOD and CAT activities were significantly lower (P < 0.001). These findings suggest a relationship between dermatophytosis, the oxidant-antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation.
Sparsity-Based Clustering for Large Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images

Hyperspectral image (HSI) clustering is extremely challenging because of the complexity of the image structure. Recently, the subspace clustering algorithms have achieved competitive performance for HSIs. However, these methods generally are computationally complex and time-and-memory-consuming, given their reliance on large-scale adjacency matrix learning and graph segmentation, which limits their application to large HSIs and reduces their attractiveness in real applications. In this article, in view of this, two novel sparsity-based clustering algorithms are proposed for large HSIs, named sparse coding-based clustering (SCC) and joint SCC (JSCC). To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use the sparse representation recovery residual to cluster HSIs. Based on a structured dictionary constructed by $k$ -means and $k$ -nearest neighbor (KNN), an SCC model is constructed to cluster HSIs according to the recovery residual minimization criterion. By dealing with a pixel-wise sparse recovery problem instead of the large-scale graph optimization problem of the whole image, the computational complexity and the time-and-memory cost are reduced to a large degree, which makes sense for practical applications. Then, by introducing the super-pixel neighborhood, a JSCC model is constructed to better explore the interpixel correlation of HSIs and further improve the clustering performance. The proposed algorithms were verified on three widely used HSIs. All the three experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, which can be considered as competitive tools for use with large HSIs.
Crystal structure of pentastrontium bis(dinitridocobaltate(I)), Sr5[CoN2]2, Co2N4Sr5

Abstract Co2N4Sr5, tetragonal, P4/ncc (no. 130), a = 8.6730(5) Å, c = 12.443(1) Å, V = 936.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0293, wRref(F2) = 0.0684, T = 295 K.
Competitive adsorption of heavy metals in humic substances by a simple ligand model

Proton and metal ion binding to humic acids has been recognized as an important factor in controlling metal speciation and mobility in aqueous and soil environments. The binding and competition behavior of humics has not been fully described, however, due to the polydisperse mixtures of natural organic polyelectrolytes with different functional groups. The simplified discrete binding group type of model (Model A) was used in this study. Model A was applied to describe three single metals and their competitive binding on the humic acids. Model A considers only a single carboxyl group type and a single phenolic hydroxyl group type with a variable electrostatic interaction factor that is expressed as a polynomial equation. Metal binding experiments were performed using a batch-type dialysis equilibration method, and mass and charge balance expressions were used to calculate individual components of the system. The fit of Model A suggested that the major binding site for the three metal ions tested (Cd, Zn, and Cu) was a bidentate chelate of the carboxyl groups. Model A described two- and three-metal competition on the humic acids using the intrinsic stability constant for the single metal ion. The model used in this study adequately described the competition of two metals; however, it showed weaknesses when applied to more complex systems, especially when metals with substantially different binding characteristics were present. Model A presented a better prediction with adjusted Cu concentration (2:1:1 Cu/Cd/Zn).