Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AWDRAT: A Cognitive Middleware System for Information Survivability

The infrastructure of modern society is controlled by software systems that are vulnerable to attacks. Many such attacks, launched by "recreational hackers" have already led to severe disruptions and significant cost. It, therefore, is critical that we find ways to protect such systems and to enable them to continue functioning even after a successful attack. This article describes AWDRAT, a prototype middleware system for providing survivability to both new and legacy applications. AWDRAT stands for architectural differencing, wrappers, diagnosis, recovery, adaptive software, and trust modeling. AWDRAT uses these techniques to gain visibility into the execution of an application system and to compare the application's actual behavior to that which is expected. In the case of a deviation, AWDRAT conducts a diagnosis that determines which computational resources are likely to have been compromised and then adds these assessments to its trust model. The trust model in turn guides the recovery process, particularly by guiding the system in its choice among functionally equivalent methods and resources.AWDRAT has been applied to and evaluated on an example application system, a graphical editor for constructing mission plans. We describe a series of experiments that were performed to test the effectiveness of AWDRAT in recognizing and recovering from simulated attacks, and we present data showing the effectiveness of AWDRAT in detecting a variety of compromises to the application system (approximately 90 percent of all simulated attacks are detected, diagnosed, and corrected). We also summarize some lessons learned from the AWDRAT experiments and suggest approaches for comprehensive application protection methods and techniques.
The importance of informal learning at work - On-the-job learning is more important for workers’ human capital development than formal training

A Dutch study that developed a measure of the time during which a worker is learning at work shows that in 2020 workers spent on average 22% of their working time on activities from which they learn. Since the first measurement in 2004, when workers were learning on average in 31% of their working time, this percentage gradually decreased. However, this is still far more than the time workers spend in formal training courses: informal learning activities account for 91% of the time in which workers are engaged in activities from which they learn [1]. Remarkably, workers on average perceive the learning intensity of an hour of informal learning to be as high as that of an hour of formal training. [12]. Given the finding that informal learning activities account for 91% of the time that workers are involved in activities from which they learn, informal learning in the workplace is far more important for the human capital development of the working population than formal learning. However, this does not mean that participation in formal training is not important. Formal training and informal learning appear to be complementary, although this finding is probably also due to a selection effect: In 2020, workers who participated in a training course spent on average 4.5 percentage points more time on informal learning in the workplace than workers who do not. However, for low-educated workers the difference is only 3.4 percentage points [1]. The Dutch study also shows that high educated workers spend on average more time on learning at work (25% of their working time) than low educated workers (18%). And as might be expected, younger workers spend more time on activities that improve their competencies than do older workers. However, the learning potential of work appears to have decreased over time.
Resistance to Chytridiomycosis in European Plethodontid Salamanders of the Genus Speleomantes

North America and the neotropics harbor nearly all species of plethodontid salamanders. In contrast, this family of caudate amphibians is represented in Europe and Asia by two genera, Speleomantes and Karsenia, which are confined to small geographic ranges. Compared to neotropical and North American plethodontids, mortality attributed to chytridiomycosis caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has not been reported for European plethodontids, despite the established presence of Bd in their geographic distribution. We determined the extent to which Bd is present in populations of all eight species of European Speleomantes and show that Bd was undetectable in 921 skin swabs. We then compared the susceptibility of one of these species, Speleomantes strinatii, to experimental infection with a highly virulent isolate of Bd (BdGPL), and compared this to the susceptible species Alytes muletensis. Whereas the inoculated A. muletensis developed increasing Bd-loads over a 4-week period, none of five exposed S. strinatii were colonized by Bd beyond 2 weeks post inoculation. Finally, we determined the extent to which skin secretions of Speleomantes species are capable of killing Bd. Skin secretions of seven Speleomantes species showed pronounced killing activity against Bd over 24 hours. In conclusion, the absence of Bd in Speleomantes combined with resistance to experimental chytridiomycosis and highly efficient skin defenses indicate that the genus Speleomantes is a taxon unlikely to decline due to Bd.
Predicting Internet Telephony Call Setup Delay

Internet telephony has been the focus of much recent effort by ITU and IETF standards bodies, with initial, albeit small-scale deployment in progress. While Internet telephony voice quality has been studied, call setup delay has received little attention. This paper outlines a simulation study of Internet Telephony Call Setup delay, based on UDP delay/loss traces. The focus is signaling transport delay, and the variations arising from packet loss and associated retransmissions. Of particular interest are the differences arising from H.323 signaling, which uses TCP, and SIP, which can use UDP with additional error recovery. Results show that during high error periods, H.323 call setup delay significantly exceeds that of SIP. We also consider PSTN/Internet telephony interworking, and show that high blocking rates are likely if either H.323 or SIP are used across the public Internet.
Do Chasms Exist Between Developing, Newly Developed, and Developed Countries When It Comes to Adopting ICT Technology?: The Case of South Korea and Thailand

In this paper, the authors examine if a difference exists in adopting or diffusing information and communication technology (ICT) between developing and newly developed countries. To analyze the problem, the authors use the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) suggested by Venkatesh et al. (2003), which consists of effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and social influence. The authors also use innovation diffusion functions, made up of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline phases. The authors researched how these factors affect the adoption in the three phases. The authors surveyed cellular phone adopters in Thailand and South Korea for 15 years from 1989 to 2003. Thailand and South Korea each represent developing and newly developed countries, respectively. For the data analysis, survival analysis is used, because it can explain the characteristics of the potential adopters or non-adopters. They found that the ICT diffusion patterns, as well as the ICT diffusion factors, of the two countries are different. Therefore, the results of the authorsâ€™ research can be used to build a strategy to reduce the digital divide gaps among countries.
Dissimilarity-based classification for vectorial representations

General dissimilarity-based learning approaches have been proposed for dissimilarity data sets (Pekalska et al., 2002). They arise in problems in which direct comparisons of objects are made, e.g. by computing pairwise distances between images, spectra, graphs or strings. In this paper, we study under which circumstances such dissimilarity-based techniques can be used for deriving classifiers in feature vector spaces. We show that such classifiers perform comparably or better than the nearest neighbor rule based either on the entire or condensed training set. Moreover, they can be beneficial for highly-overlapping classes and for non-normally distributed data sets, with categorical, mixed or otherwise difficult features
Bis(8-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-1-ium) bis(1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato)nickelate(II) dihydrate

In the title ion-pair complex, (C10H10NO)2[Ni(C4N2S2)2]·2H2O, the anion has crystallographically imposed centre of symmetry. The NiII atom exhibits a slightly distorted square-planar coordination geometry. In the crystal, the water molecule links anions and cations into a three-dimensional network via O—H⋯N, O—H⋯S and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The structure is further stabilized by weak S⋯π contacts [S⋯centroid = 3.8047 (9) Å] and π–π stacking interactions [centriod–centroid distance = 3.8653 (7) Å].
Voltage-dependent modulation of Ca channel current in heart cells by Bay K8644

We have investigated the voltage-dependent effects of the dihydropyridine Bay K8644 on Ca channel currents in calf Purkinje fibers and enzymatically dispersed rat ventricular myocytes. Bay K8644 increases the apparent rate of inactivation of these currents, measured during depolarizing voltage pulses, and shifts both channel activation and inactivation in the hyperpolarizing direction. Consequently, currents measured after hyperpolarizing conditioning pulses are larger in the presence of drug compared with control conditions, but are smaller than control if they are measured after positive conditioning pulses. Most of our experimental observations on macroscopic currents can be explained by a single drug-induced change in one rate constant of a simple kinetic model. The rate constant change is consistent with results obtained by others with single channel recordings.
Simplification of the rolling contact-related lifetime calculation of profiled rail guides with a polynomial regression

The calculation of the lifespan of profile rail guides is an essential part in the design process of machines. Conventional lifespan models yield good results when calculating lifespan values under a homogeneous distribution of individual rolling contact forces on the raceways. In the case of an uneven load distribution, significantly too low lifespan values are calculated, resulting in a considerable loss of lifetime potential. The novel and experimentally validated rolling contact-based lifespan calculation (RCBL) takes the transferred force on each rolling element into account, resulting in more realistic lifespan values that can be up to 4 times higher than those obtained through the classical method. The disadvantage lies in the complex calculation of the necessary individual rolling contact forces, which until now has been done by using extensive finite element models, along with the computationally intensive optimization problem of the RCBL. To overcome these disadvantages, a method is introduced that efficiently calculates the individual rolling contact forces, taking into account all relevant system elasticities, and pre-solves the RCBL for a variety of potential superimposed load combinations. The results are subsequently approximated through an analytical multiparametric polynomial function and can be utilized with the conventional lifespan formula for rolling bearings.
Kinematics and inverse dynamics analysis for a general 3-PRS spatial parallel mechanism

In this paper, the kinematics and inverse dynamics of a novel kind of mechanism called a general 3-PRS parallel mechanism is investigated. In the kinematics study, the inverse kinematics solution is derived in closed form, and the forward kinematics problem is resolved by the Newton iterative method seeking for an on-line solution to this issue. The inverse dynamics analysis is approached with two methods: Lagrangian formulations and principle of virtual work. After deriving the dynamic model by a Lagrangian formulation approach, the simulation results of two introduced examples quantitatively and qualitatively verify the accuracy of the derived dynamic equations. By introducing a simplifying hypothesis, a simplified dynamic model is set up using principle of virtual work, also a computer simulation is performed on this reduced model. The simulation results demonstrate that the simplified dynamic model is reasonable under such kind of assumptions through comparison with the precise model derived from the Lagrangian formulation. The inverse dynamics analysis provides a sound basis to develop controllers for controlling over a general 3-PRS parallel robot.
The S-channel approach to Lipatov's pomeron and hadronic cross sections

We derive a generalized Balitskii-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov equation, which applies directly to the perturbative QCD component of total cross section. With the gluon correlation radius $R_{c} \sim 0.4$f we reproduce the empirical rate of growth of the hadron-nucleon total cross sections. The simultaneous estimate of the triple-pomeron coupling also agrees with the experiment.
BRIDGING GAPS: ANALYZING FINTECH ADOPTION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO OVERCOMING SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN THE INDONESIAN FINANCIAL LANDSCAPE

Financial Technology yang menjadi bagian dari revolusi teknologi di sektor keuangan memegang salah satu peran penting di sektor keuangan mikro dan makro. Investasi yang masif mendorong berkembangnya industri FinTech secara global. Sektor mobile money dan transfer tumbuh paling cepat sebesar 75% pada tahun 2019. Dengan jumlah pengguna sebanyak 203 juta dengan nilai transaksi mencapai US$ 99.1 miliar pada tahun 2022, menjadikan Indonesia menjadi salah satu episentrum perkembagan ekonomi digital. Namun tren positif ini masih belum memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Tingkat inklusi keuangan di Indonesia masih menjadi salah satu yang terendah dibandingkan negara lain di ASEAN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi faktor penggunaan FinTech di Indonesia serta implikasinya terhadap inklusi keuangan. Analisis kuantitatif dengan metode SEM-PLS digunakan dalam menguji secara statistik 369 data responden. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap keempat variabel laten (digital literacy, financial literacy, acceptance model dan use of technology) secara positif dan signifikan berpengaruh terhadap intention to use FinTech payment. Penggunaan secara berkelanjutan juga terbukti secara positif mendorong perilaku exploitative use dan explorative use oleh pengguna. Pada akhirnya, penggunaan FinTech payment dengan pola exploitative dan explorative terbukti secara statistik dapat meningkatkan inklusi keuagan di Indonesia.
Kernel Choice and Classifiability for RKHS Embeddings of Probability Distributions

Embeddings of probability measures into reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces have been proposed as a straightforward and practical means of representing and comparing probabilities. In particular, the distance between embeddings (the maximum mean discrepancy, or MMD) has several key advantages over many classical metrics on distributions, namely easy computability, fast convergence and low bias of finite sample estimates. An important requirement of the embedding RKHS is that it be characteristic: in this case, the MMD between two distributions is zero if and only if the distributions coincide. Three new results on the MMD are introduced in the present study. First, it is established that MMD corresponds to the optimal risk of a kernel classifier, thus forming a natural link between the distance between distributions and their ease of classification. An important consequence is that a kernel must be characteristic to guarantee classifiability between distributions in the RKHS. Second, the class of characteristic kernels is broadened to incorporate all strictly positive definite kernels: these include non-translation invariant kernels and kernels on non-compact domains. Third, a generalization of the MMD is proposed for families of kernels, as the supremum over MMDs on a class of kernels (for instance the Gaussian kernels with different bandwidths). This extension is necessary to obtain a single distance measure if a large selection or class of characteristic kernels is potentially appropriate. This generalization is reasonable, given that it corresponds to the problem of learning the kernel by minimizing the risk of the corresponding kernel classifier. The generalized MMD is shown to have consistent finite sample estimates, and its performance is demonstrated on a homogeneity testing example.
Osteomalacia as a Late Metabolic Complication of Ifosfamide Chemotherapy in Young Adults: Illustrative Cases and Review of the Literature

Purpose. Ifosfamide is a drug commonly used in the management of sarcomas and other solid tumours. One potential toxicity of its use is renal tubular damage, which can lead to skeletal abnormalities; rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. We aimed to characterise this rare complication in adults. Patients. Three illustrative patient cases treated in our institution are presented. All were treated for sarcoma, and received varying doses of ifosfamide during their therapy. Methods. We performed a review of the literature on the renal tubular and skeletal complications of ifosfamide in adults. Papers were identified by searches of PubMed using the terms “osteomalacia,” “nephrotoxicity,” “Fanconi syndrome,” “ifosfamide,” and “chemotherapy” for articles published between 1970 and 2006. Additional papers were identified from review of references of relevant articles. Results. There are only four case reports of skeletal toxicity secondary to ifosfamide in adults; the majority of data refer to children. Risk factors for development of renal tubular dysfunction and osteodystrophy include platinum chemotherapy, increasing cumulative ifosfamide dose, and reduced nephron mass. The natural history of ifosfamide-induced renal damage is variable, dysfunction may not become apparent until some months after treatment, and may improve or worsen with time. Discussion. Ifosfamide-induced osteomalacia is seldom described in adults. Clinicians should be vigilant for its development, as timely intervention may minimise complications.
Burnout and psychological distress among nurses in a Nigerian tertiary health institution.

BACKGROUND The role of nurses in the health care delivery system cannot be overemphasized. Nurses are needed at all levels of healthcare and the profession requires a lot of dedication, time and energy with regards to patient management and service delivery. This time investment and dedication to duty is likely to lead to burnout and psychological distress among the nurses. OBJECTIVE This study assesses the prevalence of burnout and psychological distress among nurses working in Nigerian tertiary health institution. METHOD The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to assess 210 nurses working in this health institution for symptoms of burnout and psychological distress. RESULTS High levels of burnout were identified in 42.9% of the respondents in the area of emotional exhaustion, 47.6% in the area of depersonalization and 53.8% in the area of reduced personal accomplishment, while 44.1% scored positive in the GHQ-12 indicating presence of psychological distress. CONCLUSION Prevalence of burnout and psychological distress is high among nurses.
The chemical structure of the sediment–water interface in reservoirs as a reflection of microbial activity and trophic conditions

In this study, the potential release of nutrients, redueed meta! ions and dissolved organie carbon (DOC) from sediments into the waterbody has been assessed on the basis of vertieal eoneentration gradients in the interstitial water. The data illustrate the distribution of redox-sensitive eompounds and microbial metabolites, whieh refleet the mierobial in situ aetiviry. Sediments from reservoirs with a broad range of trophie eonditions have been eompared. All of the investigated reservoirs, with the exeeption of Qui, are used for drinking water supply. These waterbodies are situated in the hili region of Saxony. The morphological data are presented in Table l, along with reservoir abbreviation details. Ha is a prereservoir o f Sai.
An ontology-based cluster analysis framework

The main objectives of this paper is to propose a conceptual and software environment in which different aspects of cluster analysis of ontology-based data could be studied. The ontology-based dataset has two core components: description of categories and description of objects and relationships between them. Similarity between objects is defined as an amalgamation function of taxonomic, relationship and attribute similarity. The different measures to calculate similarity can be used. Further research is needed in order to evaluate these measures. The creation of a software tool which allows for classification of ontology-based data and comprehensive analysis of results is essential for the research in the area of ontology-based data mining. Such a tool should be universal, extensible and open. The universality manifests itself in the possibility of processing any data sets described by OWL tailored to meet individual requirements. The system extensibility means that it can be enriched with new elements without the necessity of making changes in its main elements. The openness enables the communications with other data analysis systems. In the paper theoretical aspects of cluster analysis of ontology-based data sets are presented. Next, a framework of cluster analysis system is outlined. Finally, some technical details of the system implementation are discussed.
Single phase and three phase P+Resonant based grid connected inverters with reactive power and harmonic compensation capabilities

Designing optimized and more efficient controllers for grid connected inverters is a challenge. Conventionally such controllers were established in dq or rotational frame; however, recently stationary or alpha-beta frame has found special interest due to some unique features that it can offer for grid connected inverters. On dq frame variables turn into constants after passing through transform matrixes, so PI controllers that have infinite gain on DC quantities are widely used. But PI controllers are unable to achieve zero steady state error in stationary frame and P+Resonant controllers which have infinite gain on their resonant frequency have been implemented instead. This paper will explain step by step P+Resonant based inverter controllers design for grid connected single and three phase inverters with reactive power compensation and then a novel approach for grid harmonics compensation will be implemented.