Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Positive and Negative Salient IPMSM Drive Performance

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the positive and negative saliency effects of IPMSM. IPMSM drives are widely used in EV applications due to their robust construction and extra reluctance torque production as compared to the surface permanent magnet synchronous motor. Negative salient IPMSM has $L_{d}$ is greater than the $L_{q}$ which can achieve wide speed control. Therefore, it is broadly suggested for electrical vehicle Purposes. The FOC (field oriented control) method is mostly preferred speed control technique of IPMSM in the industry because the motor can control like a separately excited DC motor. MTPA of the IPMSM drive is preferred to reduce the copper loss by selecting the proper operating point. Flux weakening control algorithm used to achieve speed above rated speed. When Positive saliency IPMSM operating below the base speed $I_{d}$ current is demagnetizing whereas in Negative saliency $I_{d}$ current is flux-intensifying current. Negative salient PMSM has a wide constant power region. Due to reverse saliency, the operating machine operating points are also reversed during MTPA operation. MATLAB Simulation demonstrates that negative saliency IPMSM has additional advantageous points over the positive salient IPMSM
Unsteady nearshore natural convection induced by constant isothermal surface heating

Abstract The present investigation is concerned with natural convection in a wedge-shaped domain induced by constant isothermal heating at the water surface. Complementary to the study of daytime heating by solar radiation relevant to nearshore regions of lakes and reservoirs previously reported by the same authors, this study focuses on sensible heating imposed by the atmosphere when it is warmer than the water body. A semi-analytical approach coupled with scaling analysis and numerical simulation is adopted to resolve the problem. Two flow regimes are identified depending on the comparison between the Rayleigh number and the inverse of the square of the bottom slope. For the lower Rayleigh number regime, the entire flow domain eventually becomes isothermal and stationary. For the higher Rayleigh number regime, the flow domain is composed of two distinct subregions, a conductive subregion near the shore and a convective subregion offshore. Within the conductive subregion, the maximum local flow velocity occurs when the thermal boundary layer reaches the local bottom, and the subregion eventually becomes isothermal and stationary. In the offshore convective subregion, a steady state is reached with a distinct thermal boundary layer below the surface and a steady flow velocity. The dividing position between the two subregions and the major time and velocity scales governing the flow development in both subregions are proposed by the scaling analysis and validated by corresponding numerical simulation.
Mierniki niefinansowe w pomiarze dokonań jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce

Jednostki samorządu terytorialnego realizują coraz większy zakres zadań i w związku z tym wzrasta nacisk na pokazanie efektów ich działalności. Powoduje to konieczność rozbudowania dotychczasowego pomiaru dokonań (bazującego głównie na miernikach finansowych) o mierniki niefinansowe. Obecne stosowane metody pomiaru dokonań przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego wymagają wsparcia, ponieważ nie wszystko można zmierzyć, wykorzystując mierniki finansowe. W monografii zawarto koncepcję pomiaru dokonań w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego przygotowaną właśnie w oparciu o mierniki niefinansowe. Pierwszy rozdział przedstawia ewolucję zarządzania finansami w samorządzie terytorialnym. Pojęcie efektywności i racjonalności w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego zawarto w rozdziale drugim, gdzie omówiono wpływ pomiaru dokonań na efektywność i racjonalność funkcjonowania jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Przedstawiono również uwarunkowania pomiaru dokonań i kierunki zwiększania sprawności działania jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. W trzecim rozdziale zaprezentowano podejście do pomiaru dokonań w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego w ujęciu finansowym i niefinansowym. Czwarty referuje doświadczenia zagranicznych jednostek samorządu terytorialnego (Amsterdam, Dublin), które wykorzystały mierniki niefinansowe do oceny pomiaru dokonań. Omówiono w nim przykłady implementacji przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego: zrównoważonej karty wyników, raportowania zrównoważonego rozwoju czy wykorzystania kluczowych wskaźników efektywności do raportowania efektów ich funkcjonowania. Piąty rozdział pracy ma charakter empiryczny, przynosi ocenę wyników przeprowadzonych badań sondażowych w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego. Natomiast ostatni rozdział przedstawia autorską koncepcję pomiaru dokonań w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego opracowaną w oparciu o mierniki niefinansowe.
Achieving Sustainable Organization: from Talent Management Strategy to Employee Effectiveness

A robust talent management strategy can help organizations achieve their long-term goals by creating a pool of skilled and motivated employees who are committed to the organization's success. Sustainable organizations recognize the importance of nurturing their employees' potential and investing in their development. This creates a positive work culture that fosters innovation, creativity, and adaptability, enabling the organization to remain competitive in an ever-changing business environment. By investing in employee development, organizations can build a sustainable workforce that is better equipped to navigate the challenges of the future. This study objective was to investigate the implementation of talent management strategy to attain sustainable organization through employee effectiveness. A quantitative study was employed to get data from healthcare sector (public and private hospitals) in Dubai UAE. 195 respondent’s data incorporated to evaluate the study model using SmartPLS 4.0. Model’s validity, reliability and hypothesis test was employed. It has statistically proven there is a positive relationship between talent management strategy and sustainable organization through employee effectiveness. As a results, the process of attracting, retaining, and developing talented individuals who are aligned with the organization's goals and values. By implementing effective talent management strategies, organizations can identify and nurture the skills and competencies of their employees, which leads to increased job satisfaction, employee engagement, and productivity.
Does Experimental Reduction of Blacklegged Tick (Ixodes scapularis) Abundance Reduce Lyme Disease Incidence?

Controlling the abundance of blacklegged ticks is considered the foundation for the prevention of human exposure to pathogens transmitted by these vectors in eastern North America. The use of broadcast or host-targeted acaricides is generally found to be effective at reducing the local abundance of ticks. However, studies that incorporate randomization, placebo controls, and masking, i.e., “blinding”, generally find lower efficacy. The few studies that include measurements of human–tick encounters and cases of tickborne disease have not shown impacts of acaricidal treatments. We compile literature on relevant studies from northeastern North America to address possible causes for discrepancies in study outcomes and suggest possible mechanisms that could underlie the diminished efficacy of tick control in reducing cases of tickborne disease in people.
Reachable Set Approximation in Cislunar Space with Pseudospectral Method and Homotopy

As humanity seeks to expand its presence in outer space, the area beyond geosynchronous orbit to approximately sixty-five thousand kilometers beyond the moon's orbit, known as cislunar space, is the focus of significant effort. A key consideration for upcoming missions in this space is determining, given a current position, velocity, and thrust capability, what vehicle states, i.e. position and velocity, can be reached in some amount of time. This research investigates using a pseudospectral method for approximating reachable sets in cislunar space, specifically in the Planar Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CRTBP), for a spacecraft using low-thrust Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP). Reachable sets are approximated by repeatedly solving a minimum-time optimal control problem (OCP) from an arbitrary starting state to a large number of terminal positions using continuous thrust. From this data, contours are generated that approximate the reachable sets after specified increments of time. The OCP is solved using an hp-adaptive Legendre-Gauss-Radau orthogonal collocation method, where $h$ denotes segment widths and $p$ denotes polynomial degree, which are established simultaneously in the method. To enable the solution process, a homotopy (also known as continuation) is employed. Results for a common cislunar initial location is presented: the L1 Lagrange point. The reachable sets are visualized as time contours of the terminal positions.
I “knew” they wouldn’t last: Hindsight bias in judgments of a dating couple

When a romantic relationship ends, individuals often look back and wish they had done things differently. What may seem clear in hindsight, however, is often unclear in foresight. We investigated the effects of outcome knowledge on individuals’ judgments of a dating couple. In Study 1 (181 U.S. college students, 334 U.S. community adults), participants read about a couple with an uncertain relationship trajectory; then, experimental group participants received knowledge about the couple’s status six months down the road as broken up or still together, while control group participants received no outcome knowledge. Individuals who were told the dating couple broke up perceived that outcome as more likely and obvious compared to those who were not given outcome knowledge or who were told the couple stayed together. In Study 2 (262 U.S. college students, 333 U.S. community adults), participants in the experimental conditions received knowledge about the couple’s status six months later as broken up or engaged, while control group participants received no outcome knowledge. In both samples, outcome knowledge of a breakup had a negative effect on individuals’ judgments about the couple. Among community adults, but not among college students, outcome knowledge of an engagement positively affected judgments of the couple. We offer directions for future research and discuss the mechanisms by which hindsight bias might affect evaluations of our own and others’ relationships.
Precariousness of Higher Education Teaching Work in Brazilian Private HEIs

The purpose of this study is to analyze, through the Private Higher Education Teaching Work Precariousness Scale (EPTDESP), teaching work in private Brazilian higher education institutions (HEIs), focusing on its precarization. In this exploratory research, a quantitative survey study was conducted with 607 private HEIs professors from the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. Analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and hypothesis tests. The results corroborated recent discussions that show the intense process of precariousness suffered by private HEIs professors in Brazil. By the hypothesis tests, it was confirmed that the type of employment bond significantly affects the perception of the degree of precariousness in these HEIs, and that the degree of precariousness significantly affects the interest of the professor in entering the teaching career in public HEIs.
Prevalence of untreated prediabetes and glucose metabolism disturbances in Mexico: An analysis of nationally representative surveys spanning 2016-2021

OBJECTIVE: Characterizing prediabetes phenotypes may be useful in guiding diabetes prevention efforts; however, heterogeneous criteria to define prediabetes have led to inconsistent prevalence estimates, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We estimated trends in untreated prediabetes prevalence in Mexico across different definitions and its association with prevalent cardiometabolic conditions. METHODS: We conducted a serial cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Mexico (2016-2021), totaling 21,442 Mexican adults, excluding individuals with diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes. Prediabetes was defined using ADA (impaired fasting glucose [IFG] 100-125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c 5.7-6.4%), WHO (IFG 110-125 mg/dL), and IEC criteria (HbA1c 6.0-6.4%). Prevalence trends of prediabetes over time were evaluated using Poisson regression and its association with prevalent cardiometabolic conditions with logistic regression. RESULTS: Prevalence of prediabetes in Mexico in 2021 was 27.3%. Despite an overall downward trend in prediabetes (RR 0.960, 95%CI 0.940-0.979), this decrease was primarily driven by decreases in prediabetes by ADA-IFG (RR 0.883, 95%CI 0.861-0.907) and WHO-IFG criteria (RR 0.878, 95%CI 0.838-0.921), while prediabetes by ADA-HbA1c (RR 1.049, 95%CI 1.022-1.077) and IEC-HbA1C criteria (RR 1.064, 95%CI 1.014-1.115) increased over time. Prediabetes prevalence increased over time in adults >40 years, individuals with central obesity, self-identified as indigenous or living in urban areas. Regardless of the definition, prediabetes was associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Prediabetes rates in Mexico from 2016-2021 varied based on defining criteria but consistently increased for HbA1c-based definitions and high-risk subgroups. Regardless of the definition, prediabetes clusters subjects with high cardiometabolic risk.
A Nonparametric Test for the General Two-Sample Problem

For two independently drawn samples of data, a novel statistical test is proposed for the null hypothesis that both samples originate from the same population. The underlying distribution function does not need to be known but must be continuous, i.e., it is a nonparametric test. It is demonstrated for suitable examples that the test is easy to apply and is at least as powerful as the commonly used nonparametric tests, i.e., the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the Cramer-von Mises, and the Wilcoxon tests.
Hidden type variables and conditional extension for more expressive generic programs

Generic object-oriented programming languages combine parametric polymorphism and nominal subtype polymorphism, thereby providing better data abstraction, greater code reuse, and fewer run-time errors. However, most generic object-oriented languages provide a straightforward combination of the two kinds of polymorphism, which prevents the expression of advanced type relationships. Furthermore, most generic object-oriented languages have a type-erasure semantics: instantiations of type parameters are not available at run time, and thus may not be used by type-dependent operations. This dissertation shows that two features, which allow the expression of many advanced type relationships, can be added to a generic object-oriented programming language without type erasure; (1) type variables that are not parameters of the class that declares them, and (2) extension that is dependent on the satisfiability of one or more constraints. We refer to the first feature as hidden type variables and the second feature as conditional extension. Hidden type variables allow: covariance and contravariance without variance annotations or special type arguments such as wildcards; a single type to extend, and inherit methods from, infinitely many instantiations of another type: a limited capacity to augment the set of superclasses after that class is defined; and the omission of redundant type arguments. Conditional extension allows the properties of a collection type to be dependent on the properties of its element type. This dissertation describes the semantics and implementation of hidden type variables and conditional extension. A sound type system is presented. In addition, a sound and terminating type checking algorithm is presented. Although designed for the Fortress programming language, hidden type variables and conditional extension can be incorporated into other generic object-oriented languages. Many of the same problems would arise, and solutions analogous to those we present would apply.
Barabási-Albert random graphs, scale-free distributions and bounds for approximation through Stein's method

Barabasi-Albert random graph models are a class of evolving random graphs that are frequently used to model social networks with scale-free degree distributions. It has been shown that Barabasi-Albert random graph models have asymptotic scale-free degree distributions as the size of the graph tends to infinity. Real world networks, however, have finite size so it is important to know how close the degree distribution of a Barabasi-Albert random graph of a given size is to its asymptotic distribution. Stein’s method is chosen as one main method for obtaining explicit bounds for the distance between distributions. We derive a new version of Stein’s method for a class of scale-free distributions and apply the method to a Barabasi-Albert random graph. We compare the evolution of a sequence of Barabasi-Albert random graphs with continuous time stochastic processes motivated by Yule’s model for evolution. Through a coupling of the models we bound the total variation distance between their degree distributions. Using these bounds, we extend degree distribution bounds that we find for specific models within the scheme to find bounds for every member of the scheme. We apply the Azuma-Hoeffding inequality and Chernoff bounds to find bounds between the degree sequences of the random graph models and the given scale-free distribution. These bounds prove that the degree sequences converge completely (and therefore also converge almost surely) to our scale-free distribution. We discuss the relationship between the random graph processes and the Chinese restaurant process. Aided by the construction of an inhomogeneous Markov chain, we apply our results for the degree distribution in a Barabasi-Albert random graph to a particular statistic of the Chinese restaurant process. Finally, we explore how our methods can be adapted and extended to other evolving random graph processes. We study a Bernoulli evolving random graph process, for which we bound the distance between its degree distribution and a geometric distribution and we bound the distance between the number of triangles in the graph and a normal distribution.
Stellar models of rotating, pre-main sequence low-mass stars with magnetic fields

Abstract We report our present efforts for introducing magnetic fields in the ATON stellar evolution code code, which now evolved to truly modifying the stellar structure equations so that they can incorporate the effects of an imposed, large-scale magnetic field. Preliminary results of such an approach, as applied to low-mass stellar models, are presented and discussed.
On the cut-off phenomenon in some queueing systems

A number of stochastic queueing systems exhibit an interesting phenomenon known as the cut-off phenomenon. A properly scaled version of the distance between the transient process and the stationary one converges to a step function as the initial load converges to infinity. The purpose of this paper is to promote the idea that this phenomenon is a direct consequence of the coupling between the two processes, being thus generalizable to systems lacking any kind of Markovian structure.
Brooding and neuroticism are strongly interrelated manifestations of the phenome of depression

Neuroticism is a subclinical manifestation of the phenome of depression, comprising depressive and anxiety symptoms, and suicidal behaviors. Rumination is positively associated with depression and neuroticism and may mediate the effects of neuroticism on depression. This study aims to determine whether rumination or its components, including brooding or reflection, mediate the effects of neuroticism on depression, or alternatively, whether both neuroticism and rumination are manifestations of the phenome of depression. This study recruited 74 depressed subjects and 44 healthy controls. The depression group was split into groups with high versus low brooding scores. We used partial least squares (PLS) to examine mediation effects. We found that brooding and reflection scores are significantly higher in depressed patients than in controls. Patients with higher brooding scores have increased severity of depression, anxiety, insomnia, neuroticism, and current suicidal ideation as compared with patients with lower brooding scores and controls. There is a strong positive association between rumination, and neuroticism, depression, anxiety, and lifetime and current suicidal behaviors. PLS analysis shows that brooding does not mediate the effects of neuroticism on the depression phenome, because no discriminant validity could be established between neuroticism and brooding, or between neuroticism and brooding and the depression phenome. We were able to extract one validated latent vector from brooding and neuroticism, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and current suicidal behaviors. Overall, this study supports the theory that rumination and neuroticism are manifestations of the phenome of depression, just like affective symptoms, suicidal behaviors, and insomnia.
Explaining Metabolic Innovation: Neo-Darwinism versus Design

Like all life, bacterial life depends on a complex, integrated network of precise metabolic processes. These processes are carried out by more than a thousand enzymes — genetically encoded proteins with information-rich three-dimensional structures that catalyze specific chemical reactions. Can neo-Darwinian theory explain the origin of this network of enzymes that orchestrates metabolic complexity? Building on previous experimental and theoretical work, we argue here that it cannot. But instead of merely listing the theory’s shortcomings, we attempt to construct a full and coherent picture of how it has failed to explain metabolic innovation, from the level of single enzymes all the way up to the network of enzymatic pathways that composes metabolism as a whole. Then, from this critical synthesis we identify six key principles of a new theory of biological innovation. Although these principles only hint at the substance of the new theory, they show clearly that it will be strikingly unlike neo-Darwinism. Whereas the old theory focuses on the simple material processes of mutation and selection in the hope that these can drive innovation, the new one focuses on innovation itself — on the concepts that guide effective designs. Consequently, the new theory will look more like the systematic concepts of an engineering discipline than a set of causal laws.
SVM imbalance correction by conformal kernel transformations

Class imbalance is a common problem when dealing with real life classification problems. Support Vector Machines, a well-known family of learning algorithms is prone to produce a skewed classification function when the training patterns of one class are outnumbered by the quantity of samples of the other classes. In this work we study methods available in the literature to alleviate this skewness, concretely those relating the technique of using conformal transformations of the kernel function to adapt the feature space in a data-dependent way. After that, we propose two new methods (MDT and TSVT) as an addition to the previous ones, and compare the obtained results between both some of the reviewed and proposed methods.