Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ducted propagation of daytime whistlers at low latitudes as deduced from ground‐based direction findings

The purpose of the present paper is to promote our understanding of the propagation characteristics of daytime whistlers at low latitudes on the basis of the data obtained by a newly developed automatic direction finding measurement at Yamaoka (geomagnetic latitude 25°N) and the synoptic routine data from the multistation network of Kagoshima (20°), Sakushima (24°), and Moshiri (34°). Two events of daytime whistlers with extremely enhanced occurrences are found on January 16 and 15, 1982, and they are examined in detail. It is found that the ionospheric exit points determined by the direction finder at Yamaoka remain very stable for less than 2 hours, so that the diameter of their distribution is less than 60 km. This experimental fact is likely to be strongly indicative of ducted propagation. An intercomparison of the whistler spectra at the four stations has been made for these events. Then it is shown that the whistlers that emerged near Yamaoka and Sakushima tend to propagate in the earth-ionosphere waveguide toward higher latitudes, being observed at Moshiri with their frequency component cut off at frequencies below the tweek cutoff frequency, while heavily attenuated corresponding whistlers are simultaneous at Kagoshima. This phenomenon is again satisfactorily explained in terms of ducted propagation.
Effects of place attachment on participation intentions for local tourism development.

Researchers in tourism development have often suggested that the participation of local residents is essential for sustainable tourism, and for identifying and understanding the factors affecting residents’ willingness to participate (“participation intention”) is instrumental in tourism development. “Place attachment” refers to the emotions and feelings people have for places or landscapes. When residents develop deeper bonds to their nearby settings, they are more willing to be involved in the development of the area. This study aims to examine residents’ attachment to nearby landscapes and investigate the effects of attachment on residents’ participate intention in local tourism. From the findings, three categories of attachment to different landscape attributes were extracted: cultural and historical landscapes, everyday landscapes, and natural landscapes. Moreover, regression analysis showed that attachment to cultural and historical landscapes can serve as a predictor of participation intention in tourism development. Under these circumstances, tourism authorities should give greater priority to enhancing residents’ attachment to cultural and historical landscapes, which would, in turn, increase their participation intention, thus fostering sustainable tourism.
Evaluation of two ground-based active crop canopy sensors in maize: growth stage, row spacing, and sensor movement speed.

Precision agriculture research has been directed toward enhancing the efficiency of N inputs by quantifying in-field variability. Remotely sensed indices such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can determine in-field N variability in maize (Zea mays L.). One method of determining NDVI is through the use of ground-based active crop canopy sensors. Several crop canopy sensors determine NDVI, however, climatic and management variables may affect NDVI readings. Our objectives were to compare two ground-based active crop canopy sensors (Crop Circle amber and GreenSeeker red) across plant growth stage, wind, crop row spacing, sensor movement speed, and N fertilizer rate under greenhouse conditions. Results show that wind had no effect on the NDVI readings of either sensor. Nitrogen rate and growth stage did affect the NDVI of both sensors with NDVI values generally increasing with increased N rate and advancing growth stage. For both sensors the V8 NDVI r 2 with N rate were lower than those observed at V10 and V12. However, the GreenSeeker (red sensor) had much lower r 2 values at V8 than the Crop Circle (amber sensor). Sensor speed had an effect on red sensor NDVI values while the amber sensor was not affected by sensor movement speed. The amber and red sensors distinguish plant N status and growth stage differences in maize in a greenhouse environment. However, the red sensor had more variability in NDVI readings and was affected by movement speed. The amber sensor shows no such limitations and therefore performed best under greenhouse conditions.
Secondary Circulation in the Faroe Bank Channel Outflow

Abstract Data from a CTD station and three expendable current profiler drops at the center of the sill of the Faroe Bank Channel are used to examine the structure of the northwestward outflow of cold, relatively fresh, dense water from the Norwegian Sea into the Atlantic Ocean. A bottom boundary layer is present and exerts a bottom stress estimated at 3.5 Pa using observations in the log-layer. The shear at the interface between the outflow water and the water above is sufficiently strong to overcome the stratification and generate shear instabilities. The large stress at the bottom boundary creates an Ekman layer and thus a secondary cross-channel flow to the southwest there. A flow of similar magnitude but to the northeast is found in the high shear region at the interface. Hence, these data suggest a spiral velocity pattern in the outflow, created by the Ekman flow in the bottom boundary layer and cross-channel flow at the interface. This proposed circulation scheme explains the pinching of the density.
Elevational patterns of microbial species richness and evenness across climatic zones and taxonomic scales

Abstract Understanding the elevational patterns of soil microbial diversity is crucial for microbial biogeography, yet the elevational patterns of diversity across different climatic zones, trophic levels, and taxonomic levels remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the elevational patterns of species richness, species evenness and the relationship between species richness and evenness (RRE) in the forest soil bacterial and fungal communities and individual phyla across three climatic zones (tropical, subtropical, and cold temperate). Our results revealed that soil bacterial richness (alpha diversity) decreased with elevation, while fungal richness exhibited a hump‐shaped pattern in the tropical and cold‐temperate forests. Elevational patterns of evenness in bacterial and fungal communities showed the hump‐shaped pattern across climatic zones, except for bacterial evenness in the tropical forest. Both bacterial and fungal richness and evenness were positively correlated in the subtropical and cold‐temperate forests, while negatively correlated for bacteria in the tropical forest. The richness and evenness of soil microorganisms across different regions were controlled by climatic and edaphic factors. Soil pH was the most important factor associated with the variations in bacterial richness and evenness, while mean annual temperature explained the major variations in fungal richness. Our results addressed that the varieties of elevational patterns of microbial diversity in climatic zones and taxonomic levels, further indicating that richness and evenness may respond differently to environmental gradients.
A location quotient approach to producing regional production multipliers for the Irish economy

Regional issues in Ireland, although a relatively small and geographically homogenous country, attract considerable attention, much of which centres on the size of Dublin and the South East and its perceived dominant share of the national economy. Using location quotients (LQs) analysis and linking the production multipliers to their two digit NACE codes, this paper presents the first exploration of possible regional industrial specialization in related sectors in Ireland at the NUTS 2 level. Linking the production multipliers with NACE codes by region allows one to explore whether potential region specialization is associated with Jacobian externalities in Ireland. Using a relatively novel LQ approach, and a cut-off value of 1.25 or above as an indicator of industrial specialization and clustering, this paper found that in the Border, Midlands West (BMW) region and the South East region, 29 and 32 sectors respectively had LQ greater than the cut-off value of 1.25. In terms of Jacobian externalities, this paper found businesses in related sectors; particularly finance and insurance and transport and telecommunications are more likely to cluster in the BMW region. From a policy perspective this would indicate that there may be a role for the Regional Assemblies, particularly the Assembly for the BMW region to help develop and co-ordinate regional industrial policy in Ireland. From a regional science perspective, this paper adds empirical evidence to the literature on Jacobian and related variety in regional economies.
PROTOCOL: Medical‐financial partnerships for improving financial and health outcomes for lower‐income Americans: A systematic review

Abstract This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The primary objectives of this review is to answer the following research questions using formal research studies: What is the extent and quality of MFP intervention research? What are the effects on financial outcomes of financial services embedded within healthcare settings? What are the effects on health‐related outcomes of financial services embedded within healthcare settings?
Role of simple inflammatory parameters in predicting the severity of coronary artery disease

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In our study, we aimed to find simple, useful biomarkers in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction to predict coronary artery severity. METHODS: Between May 2022 and December 2022, patients diagnosed with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction according to the European cardiology guidelines were included in our study. The Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery score was calculated to determine the severity of coronary artery disease. These patients were classified into two groups according to Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery≥23 and Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery<23 scores. Biochemical markers such as platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were studied in blood tests taken before coronary angiography in patients diagnosed with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction according to current guidelines. These two groups were compared in terms of the data obtained. RESULTS: There were 281 patients in group 1 and 67 patients in group 2. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic data such as age and gender. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [group 1=125 (26–134) and group 2=156 (73–293); p=0.001] and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [group 1=2.71 (1.3–30.2) and group 2=3.2 (2.1–32.1); p=0.002] were higher in the group of patients with a Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery score of <23, while lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio [group 1=3.6 (0.56–11) and group 2=3.4 (0.64–5.75); p=0.017] was lower in group 2. CONCLUSION: We observed that elevated platelet-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios showed coronary artery severity. Multivessel disease and chronic total occlusion rates were observed to be higher in patients with high platelet-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios.
Standard Operating Procedure validity on intramuscular vaccine administration in adults: a methodological study

ABSTRACT Objective: to validate a Standard Operating Procedure on the intramuscular vaccine administration technique in adults using high frequency vibration associated with cryotherapy. Methods: a literature review on intramuscular vaccination practice using a vibration device associated with cryotherapy. Then, a form was created to validate the instrument, detailing the items that were assessed by judges following recommendations in the literature. Judges’ answers were assessed using the Content Validity Index, with items whose index was greater than or equal to 0.80 being validated. Results: twenty-five nurses participated in validity, identifying judges’ opinion regarding item relevance, clarity and accuracy. Judges validated the instrument, according to the values that remained between 0.88 and 1.0. Conclusions: the instrument developed and validated is a tool capable of guaranteeing safety and standardizing immunization practice in vaccine rooms.
Model-Based Analysis of IGF-I Response, Dosing, and Monitoring for Once-Weekly Somapacitan in Children With GH Deficiency

Abstract Context Growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy improves longitudinal growth and adult height in children with GH deficiency (GHD). GH stimulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I release, the biomarker used for monitoring GH activity during treatment. Objective This study aims to provide model-based insights into the dose–IGF-I responses of once-weekly somapacitan, a novel long-acting GH, compared with daily GH in children with GHD. Methods Analyses included dosing information and 1473 pharmacokinetic samples from 210 somapacitan-treated pediatric patients with GHD across 3 trials, including phase 1 (NCT01973244), phase 2 (NCT02616562; REAL 3), and phase 3 (NCT03811535; REAL 4), as well as 1381 IGF-I samples from 186 patients with GHD treated with somapacitan in REAL 3 and REAL 4. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling to characterize somapacitan dose–IGF-I response and predict the response to dosing day changes. Results Relationships were established between somapacitan dose, exposure, change from baseline IGF-I SD score (SDS), and height velocity (HV). A linear model permitted the development of a tool to calculate estimated average weekly IGF-I exposure from a single IGF-I sample obtained at any time within the somapacitan dosing interval at steady state. In practice, the use of this tool requires knowledge of somapacitan injection timing relative to IGF-I sample collection timing. IGF-I SDS simulations support flexible dosing day changes while maintaining at least 4 days between doses. Conclusion We characterized the dose–IGF-I response of somapacitan in children with GHD. To support physicians in IGF-I monitoring, we present a practical guide about expected weekly average IGF-I concentrations in these patients and provide insights on dosing day flexibility.
Constructing and interpreting a large-scale variant effect map for an ultrarare disease gene: Comprehensive prediction of the functional impact of PSAT1 genotypes

Reduced activity of the enzymes encoded by PHGDH, PSAT1, and PSPH causes a set of ultrarare, autosomal recessive diseases known as serine biosynthesis defects. These diseases present in a broad phenotypic spectrum: at the severe end is Neu–Laxova syndrome, in the intermediate range are infantile serine biosynthesis defects with severe neurological manifestations and growth deficiency, and at the mild end is childhood disease with intellectual disability. However, L-serine supplementation, especially if started early, can ameliorate and in some cases even prevent symptoms. Therefore, knowledge of pathogenic variants can improve clinical outcomes. Here, we use a yeast-based assay to individually measure the functional impact of 1,914 SNV-accessible amino acid substitutions in PSAT. Results of our assay agree well with clinical interpretations and protein structure-function relationships, supporting the inclusion of our data as functional evidence as part of the ACMG variant interpretation guidelines. We use existing ClinVar variants, disease alleles reported in the literature and variants present as homozygotes in the primAD database to define assay ranges that could aid clinical variant interpretation for up to 98% of the tested variants. In addition to measuring the functional impact of individual variants in yeast haploid cells, we also assay pairwise combinations of PSAT1 alleles that recapitulate human genotypes, including compound heterozygotes, in yeast diploids. Results from our diploid assay successfully distinguish the genotypes of affected individuals from those of healthy carriers and agree well with disease severity. Finally, we present a linear model that uses individual allele measurements to predict the biallelic function of ~1.8 million allele combinations corresponding to potential human genotypes. Taken together, our work provides an example of how large-scale functional assays in model systems can be powerfully applied to the study of ultrarare diseases.
Detection of HPV DNA in vaginal samples self-collected by women living with HIV treated through the Brazilian public health system: Prevalence and analysis of risk factors

ABSTRACT Background: Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WLWH) are more likely to be infected with the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). We assessed the prevalence of high-risk (HR) (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82), probable high-risk (pHR) (26/53/66), and low-risk (LR) (6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/70) HPV types and their associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study of WLWH aged 18-64 years included one laboratory and eight HIV-specialty healthcare facilities in the pilot network. Descriptive statistics were used to assess sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Adjusted analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors associated with HR and/or pHR HPV infection in WLWH. Results: From May/2021 to May/2022, 1,914 (92.5%) WLWH participated in the pilot study and had valid HPV-DNA results of self-collected vaginal samples. The median age of the participants was 45 years, 60.1% had ≥ 9 years of schooling, 80.5% were ≤ 18 years at first sexual intercourse, and 51.7% had > 4 sexual partners throughout life. The prevalence of any HPV type, HR HPV, pHR HPV, and LR HPV was 65.8%, 49.6%, 16.7%, and 40.0%, respectively. Age was inversely associated with pHR and/or HR-HPV (p < 0.001), and education level was inversely associated with HR-HPV (p = 0.003) types. Any HR or pHR was associated with being single (p = 0.029) and exchanging sex for drugs (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV, especially HR HPV, among WLWH is high in Brazil, highlighting the need for HPV screening in this population. Self-collection of vaginal samples is an important strategy for increasing testing access.
Optimal seeding rates for organic production of field pea and lentil

Introduction The province of Saskatchewan supports the largest number of certified organic farms in Canada, making up approximately half of the farms in the country producing organic field crops (Statistics Canada 2001). Organic farming differs from other production systems in that no synthetic fertilizers or chemical inputs are used. Organic producers, therefore, must rely on other methods to suppress weeds and maintain soil fertility. Common practices in organic systems are to use summerfallow and green manure ploughdown. These practices reduce weed populations and can increase soil fertility, but can increase soil erosion and do not yield a cash crop. There is also evidence to suggest that soil microbial populations decrease when land is bare during the growing season. Partial replacement of summerfallow and green manure ploughdown may be possible with pulse crops grown as a cash crop. Pulse crops can be effective in weed suppression, nitrogen fixation, and formation of associations between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which increase plant uptake of phosphorus, a nutrient that is commonly deficient in organic systems. Seeding rates for organic pulse production, however, have not been established and organic producers must use seeding rates determined for conventional production as their guideline. These rates may not be optimal given that weed management strategies differ greatly between conventional and organic production systems.
Characterization of labiomandibular movements induced after isolated LeFort I osteotomy in the surgical management of class III malocclusion

Introduction Maxillary surgery alone can be proposed for the surgical management of class III malocclusion, but anticipating outcomes for the labiomental muscle complex is challenging due to the mandibular autorotation phenomenon. The objective of this study was to quantify the mandibular and labiomental movements induced by maxillary osteotomy alone in the management of class III malocclusion according to different clinical and surgical variables. Methods The post-operative changes in mandibular and labiomental shapes were studied by geometric morphometry from the pre- and post-operative lateral cephalometric radiograph of 25 patients. The explanatory variables tested were maxillary advancement, maxillary rotation, and divergence. Results Soft tissues repositioning are different from postoperative mandibular repositioning after maxillary osteotomy. Neuromuscular adjustments of mandible depend on divergence and the maxillary rotation. Labiomental response only depends on divergence. Conclusion The surgical procedure does not have the same bone-related and musculocutaneous effects on patients with the same class III malocclusion. It is therefore essential for surgeons to understand the effects of their procedure on musculocutaneous tissues in order to best anticipate post-operative outcomes.
Individual differences of limitation to extract beat from Kuramoto coupled oscillators: Transition from beat-based tapping to frequent tapping with weaker coupling

Musical performers synchronize to each other despite differences in sound-onset timings which reflect each musician’s sense of the beat. A dynamical system of Kuramoto oscillators can simulate this spread of onsets at varying levels of temporal alignment with a variety of tempo and sound densities which also influence individual abilities for beat extraction. Here, we examined how people’s sense of beat emerges when tapping with Kuramoto oscillators of varying coupling strengths which distribute onsets around periodic moments in time. We hypothesized that people tap regularly close to the sound onset density peaks when coupling is strong. When weaker coupling produces multiple inter-onset intervals that are more widely spread, people may interpret their variety and distributions differently in order to form a sense of beat. Experiment 1 with a small in-person cohort indeed showed a few individuals who responded with high frequency tapping to slightly weak coupled stimuli although the rest found regular beats. Experiment 2 with a larger on-line cohort revealed three groups based on characteristics of inter-tap-intervals analyzed by k-means clustering, namely a Regular group (about 1/3 of the final sample) with the most robust beat extraction, Fast group (1/6) who maintained frequent tapping except for the strongest coupling, and Hybrid group (1/2) who maintained beats except for the weakest coupling. Furthermore, the adaptation time course of tap interval variability was slowest in Regular group. We suggest that people’s internal criterion for forming beats may involve different perceptual timescales where multiple stimulus intervals could be integrated or processed sequentially as is, and that the highly frequent tapping may reflect their approach in actively seeking synchronization. Our study provides the first documentation of the novel limits of sensorimotor synchronization and individual differences using coupled oscillator dynamics as a generative model of collective behavior.