Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All‐Solution‐Processed Ultrahigh Broadband and Wide‐Angle Perfect Absorber Based on Mxene–Gold Nanoparticles

Broadband perfect absorbers are of great importance for various applications such as stealth technologies, thermal photovoltaic cells, optical communication, photodetection, and photovoltaic devices. However, they are often made by lithographic techniques with high cost and complexity, which hinders their practical applications. The design of broadband and ultrahigh absorber at low cost and ease in fabrication is still a big challenge in the field of optics. Here, an all‐solution‐processed plasmonic perfect absorber is proposed and demonstrated by incorporating Mxene Ti3C2Tx (Tx = F, O or OH) and gold nanoparticles (NPs) in metal–insulator–metal configuration. The absorption of the designed plasmonic absorber can reach up to 99% with polarization‐ and angle‐independence in a broad range of wavelengths from ultraviolet to near‐infrared region. This ultrahigh and broadband absorbance is attributed to the synergy of plasmon resonance, magnetic resonance, and cavity effect between gold NPs layer and Mxene film, which is further corroborated by simulations of the finite element method for both random and patterned orientation of the gold nanoparticles. The excellent optical property together with the easy fabrication method paves the way for preparing photon‐absorbing nanostructures in photocatalysis and solar photovoltaics.
Familial Mediterranean fever: overview of pathogenesis, clinical features and management

Abstract Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease, and is characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and polyserositis. It is associated with mutations in the MEFV gene encoding pyrin, which result in inflammasome activation and the uncontrolled production of IL-1β. FMF mainly affects individuals originating from the Mediterranean basin; however, a Japanese nationwide survey demonstrated that FMF is not uncommon in Japan. The survey also indicated that Japanese FMF patients are clinically or genetically distinct from Mediterranean FMF patients, suggesting a genotype–phenotype correlation. In Japanese patients with FMF, MEFV exon 10 mutations are associated with the more typical FMF phenotype. Conversely, Japanese FMF patients with mutations in MEFV exons 2 or 3 present with an atypical FMF phenotype. Colchicine is the mainstay of FMF treatment, and its regular use prevents febrile attacks and decreases the long-term risk of AA amyloidosis. However, a minority of FMF patients are colchicine-resistant, and anti-IL-1 treatment has proven beneficial in suppressing inflammation in these patients. Although Japanese FMF patients may develop less severe disease compared with Mediterranean FMF patients, they should nevertheless be treated early to prevent recurrent attacks and the subsequent development of AA amyloidosis.
Is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a risk factor for death in patients with community acquired pneumonia?

Abstract Background: It is still a matter of debate whether the outcome of community acquired pneumonia is more severe in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We aimed to determine whether chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with increased mortality and to identify risk-factors for mortality in patients with community acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: Retrospective cohort study comparing patients with community acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We included 1309 patients with community acquired pneumonia admitted from 2011 until 2012 (243 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 1066 without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Results: At admission patients with community acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented with more severe pneumonia as measured by CURB-65 score compared to patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mortality on day 30 was generally high, and higher among patients with community acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to those without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (16.0% versus 11.3%, p = .04). In an adjusted analysis, however, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was not independently associated with 30-d mortality (odds ratio 0.94, confidence interval 95% 0.59–1.50). Factors related to mortality in patients with community acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were age, premorbid condition, severity of pneumonia as determined by CURB-65 score, and pleural effusion and multi-lobular infiltrate on chest X-ray. Conclusions: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was not independently associated with 30-d mortality in patients with community acquired pneumonia.
The dose of physical activity to minimise functional decline in older general medical patients receiving 24-hr acute care: A systematic scoping review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To identify evidence for a recommended and feasible activity dose to minimise functional decline in older hospitalised general medical patients. BACKGROUND Quality 24-hr care of older patients involves balancing activity to minimise functional decline, with rest to aid recovery. However, there is limited guidance regarding an optimal type and dose of activity to minimise functional decline in hospitalised elders receiving acute medical care. DESIGN A systematic search and scoping review of the literature were conducted following Joanna Briggs methodological guidance. METHODS The results were reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. Study bias was determined using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. RESULTS Fifteen primary studies of variable design, rigour and potential for bias were included. Study contexts were general medical wards (n = 11, 73.3%), Acute care of the elderly unit (n = 3, 20%) and a nursing unit (n = 1, 6.7%) located in tertiary referral acute hospitals. Most participants were aged 75-84 years (n = 10, 66%), had variable medical diagnoses and samples were either physically capable (n = 4, 26.7%) of limited physical capability (n = 1, 6.7%) or of mixed capability to mobilise independently (n = 10, 66.7%). Walking at least twice a day for approximately 20 min in total appeared to be associated with less functional decline in older patients of variable physical capabilities, and the overall efficacy of twice-daily exercise to reduce functional decline was supported. CONCLUSION The evidence tentatively supported walking for hospitalised elders, irrespective of physical capability, and based on one RCT, suggested likely benefits of graduated exercise in dependent elders. Insufficient evidence limits prescription of optimal doses of physical activity to minimise functional decline. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This review could provide evidence for nurses to promote function in older patients by specifying a dose of physical activity to be undertaken in hospital.
Ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and aminoglycosides stimulate genetic and phenotypic changes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains

ABSTRACT Antibiotic therapy and its consequences in bacterial and human aspects are widely investigated. Despite this, the emergence of new multidrug resistant bacteria is still a current problem. The scope of our work included the observation of changes among uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains after the treatment with a subinhibitory concentration of different antibiotics. The sensitive strains with or without virulence factors were incubated with amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, or tobramycin. After each passage, the E. coli derivatives were compared to their wild types based on their susceptibility profiles, virulence genes, biofilm formations and the fingerprint profiles of PCR products amplified with using the (N)(6)(CGG)(4) primer. It turned out that antibiotics caused significant changes in the repertoire of bacterial virulence and biofilm formation, corresponding to acquired cross-resistance. The genomic changes among the studied bacteria were reflected in the changed profiles of the CGG-PCR products. In conclusion, the inappropriate application of antibiotics may cause a rapid rise of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) strains and give bacteria a chance to modulate their own pathogenicity. This phenomenon has been easily observed among uropathogenic E. coli strains and it is one of the main reasons for recurrent infections of the urinary tract.
Dual-purpose production of genetically different chicken crossbreeds in Ethiopia. 1. Parent stocks' feed intake, body weight, and reproductive performance.

A total of 6 chicken parent stocks (PS) bred by European companies, and 1 local PS, were evaluated under Ethiopian condition for their reproductive performance, to be followed by testing dual-purpose performance of their crossbreed progeny. The imported PS were Lohmann Brown (LB), Lohmann Dual (LD), NOVOgen Brown (NB), NOVOgen Color (NC), Dominant Sussex (DS), and Dominant Red Barred (DR); Koekoek (KK) was obtained locally. They were reared in replicated floor-pens from 16 to 60 wk of age, and evaluated for feed intake, body weight (BW), egg production, fertility, and hatchability. In total, 1,810 females and 261 males were distributed over 4 houses in randomized blocks design. Additionally, 3 experimental crosses, R × K (DR females × KK males), S × R (DS females × DR males), and K × S (KK females × DS males) were evaluated for fertility and hatchability. The PS differed in BW, feed intake, age of sexual maturity, egg production, fertility, and hatchability. Among females, DR and DS had the highest BW, whereas LB, NB, and NC had the lowest BW. Final mean BW of the parental meat-type males of NC and LD were the highest (5,027 and 3,660 g, respectively), whereas the other parental males ranged from 2,585 to 2,955 g. Fertility of NC and LD was low because the heavy parental males had difficulty to mate naturally their small-body female mates. However, with artificial insemination (AI), fertility of NC and LD was between 75 and 80%, similar to the other 5 PS. The fertility and hatchability of eggs laid by DR, DS, and KK hens was improved by 6.3% in the experimental crosses, where these hens were mated with genetically different males. The LD hens exhibited the highest overall laying rate (64.2%) during the study period, and with AI, hatchability of LD eggs (66.6%) was the highest, making it the best chick producer. Thus, despite its high total feed intake (but similar to DR, DS, and KK), LD (followed by DR) was the best PS in this study under floor management in Ethiopia.
Prevalence and Phenotypes of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Eyes With High Myopia.

Purpose To analyze the frequency and phenotypic variation of AMD in subjects with high myopia (HM), and to describe the clinical course and response to treatment of neovascularization (NV). Methods Patients with HM were identified at five retina tertiary referral centers. Inclusion criteria were myopic patients aged 55 years or more with axial lengths equal or greater than 25.5 mm. Results A total of 874 eyes from 442 HM subjects older than 55 years were identified and 104 eyes of 54 patients (72 ± 11 years) were included in the study and followed up for 23.5 ± 19.5 months. The estimated AMD frequency in HM subjects over 55 years was 11.9% (95% confidence interval; 9.8%-14.0%). A total of 34 of 104 eyes were diagnosed with drusen, 22 with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), 28 with both drusen and RPD, and 20 with geographic atrophy. Neovascularization was detected in 52 eyes (50%), and type 1 was the most frequent form (39 eyes, 75%). Overall, NV was treated with 4.6 ± 2.6 anti-VEGF injections. Eyes with treatment-naïve NV at baseline (n = 34) required 3.8 ± 1.5 anti-VEGF injections during the first year of treatment. This exceeded the injection number in the purely myopic population (1.8 to 3.6 injections for the first year). Conclusions This study provides evidence to suggest that older patients with HM are at a significant risk of the dry and neovascular forms of AMD. NV in eyes with HM and AMD required more injections in the first year compared to NV in HM eyes without AMD.
An investigation of single-domain and multidomain medication and adverse drug event relation extraction from electronic health record notes using advanced deep learning models

OBJECTIVE We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced deep learning models (eg, capsule network [CapNet], adversarial training [ADV]) for single-domain and multidomain relation extraction from electronic health record (EHR) notes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We built multiple deep learning models with increased complexity, namely a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model and a CapNet model for single-domain relation extraction and fully shared (FS), shared-private (SP), and adversarial training (ADV) modes for multidomain relation extraction. Our models were evaluated in 2 ways: first, we compared our models using our expert-annotated cancer (the MADE1.0 corpus) and cardio corpora; second, we compared our models with the systems in the MADE1.0 and i2b2 challenges. RESULTS Multidomain models outperform single-domain models by 0.7%-1.4% in F1 (t test P < .05), but the results of FS, SP, and ADV modes are mixed. Our results show that the MLP model generally outperforms the CapNet model by 0.1%-1.0% in F1. In the comparisons with other systems, the CapNet model achieves the state-of-the-art result (87.2% in F1) in the cancer corpus and the MLP model generally outperforms MedEx in the cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and i2b2 corpora. CONCLUSIONS Our MLP or CapNet model generally outperforms other state-of-the-art systems in medication and adverse drug event relation extraction. Multidomain models perform better than single-domain models. However, neither the SP nor the ADV mode can always outperform the FS mode significantly. Moreover, the CapNet model is not superior to the MLP model for our corpora.
Protein Misfolding and ER Stress in Huntington's Disease

Increasing evidence in recent years indicates that protein misfolding and aggregation, leading to ER stress, are central factors of pathogenicity in neurodegenerative diseases. This is particularly true in Huntington's disease (HD), where in contrast with other disorders, the cause is monogenic. Mutant huntingtin interferes with many cellular processes, but the fact that modulation of ER stress and of the unfolded response pathways reduces the toxicity, places these mechanisms at the core and gives hope for potential therapeutic approaches. There is currently no effective treatment for HD and it has a fatal outcome a few years after the start of symptoms of cognitive and motor impairment. Here we will discuss recent findings that shed light on the mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation that give origin to ER stress in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Huntington's disease, on the cellular response and on how to use this knowledge for possible therapeutic strategies.
Chemical and physico-chemical properties of orange fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) chips dried using solar dyers

In this study, drying technology was employed to process fresh orange fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) into dried slices using NSPRI improved solar tent dryer, parabolic shaped solar tent dryer in comparison with open air drying and its effect on the chemical, physico-chemical and mineral constituents of dried OFSP slices was investigated. Results showed that the dried-OFSP contained ash (3.69-4.09 %), fat (4.09-5.09 %), crude fibre (4.69-5.15 %), protein (5.87-8.28 %), carbohydrate (78.22-82.21 %), vitamin C (8.55-20.49 mg/100g), phenolics (0.1-1.28 mg/kg), flavonoids (984-145 mg/kg) and reducing sugar (35.01-82.23 g/100g). The total titratable acidity of the dried OFSP slices varied between 0.56-0.89 %, total soluble solids ranged between 5.70-7.00 °Brix while pH ranged between 4.94-6.47. Zinc, magnesium, potassium, calcium, sodium, iron were present in varying levels but aluminium, lead and cadmium were not detected in all the samples. This study therefore showed that good quality dried OFSP slices with appreciable nutrient content can be obtained from drying in NSPRI solar tent dryers especially with the use of the parabolic shaped solar tent dryer. Thus, the parabolic solar tent dryer is recommended for drying crops. Keywords: Drying technology, Orange fleshed sweet potato, NSPRI solar dyers, Physicochemical properties
De novo Mutations From Whole Exome Sequencing in Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders: From Discovery to Application

Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders are a highly disabling and heterogeneous group of developmental and mental disorders, resulting from complex interactions of genetic and environmental risk factors. The nature of multifactorial traits and the presence of comorbidity and polygenicity in these disorders present challenges in both disease risk identification and clinical diagnoses. The genetic component has been firmly established, but the identification of all the causative variants remains elusive. The development of next-generation sequencing, especially whole exome sequencing (WES), has greatly enriched our knowledge of the precise genetic alterations of human diseases, including brain-related disorders. In particular, the extensive usage of WES in research studies has uncovered the important contribution of de novo mutations (DNMs) to these disorders. Trio and quad familial WES are a particularly useful approach to discover DNMs. Here, we review the major WES studies in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and summarize how genes hit by discovered DNMs are shared among different disorders. Next, we discuss different integrative approaches utilized to interrogate DNMs and to identify biological pathways that may disrupt brain development and shed light on our understanding of the genetic architecture underlying these disorders. Lastly, we discuss the current state of the transition from WES research to its routine clinical application. This review will assist researchers and clinicians in the interpretation of variants obtained from WES studies, and highlights the need to develop consensus analytical protocols and validated lists of genes appropriate for clinical laboratory analysis, in order to reach the growing demands.
Rare-Earth Orthophosphates From Atomistic Simulations

Lanthanide phosphates (LnPO4) are considered as a potential nuclear waste form for immobilization of Pu and minor actinides (Np, Am, and Cm). In that respect, in the recent years we have applied advanced atomistic simulation methods to investigate various properties of these materials on the atomic scale. In particular, we computed several structural, thermochemical, thermodynamic and radiation damage related parameters. From a theoretical point of view, these materials turn out to be excellent systems for testing quantum mechanics-based computational methods for strongly correlated electronic systems. On the other hand, by conducting joint atomistic modeling and experimental research, we have been able to obtain enhanced understanding of the properties of lanthanide phosphates. Here we discuss joint initiatives directed at understanding the thermodynamically driven long-term performance of these materials, including long-term stability of solid solutions with actinides and studies of structural incorporation of f elements into these materials. In particular, we discuss the maximum load of Pu into the lanthanide-phosphate monazites. We also address the importance of our results for applications of lanthanide-phosphates beyond nuclear waste applications, in particular the monazite-xenotime systems in geothermometry. For this we have derived a state-of-the-art model of monazite-xenotime solubilities. Last but not least, we discuss the advantage of usage of atomistic simulations and the modern computational facilities for understanding of behavior of nuclear waste-related materials.
Greening Hiatus in Eurasian Boreal Forests Since 1997 Caused by a Wetting and Cooling Summer Climate

The Eurasian boreal forest ecosystem is a strong sink in the global carbon cycle. Satellite observations show significant change in the ecosystem in recent decades, specifically an increase in vegetation productivity since 1982 and a hiatus after 1997. Previous studies attributed this enhanced vegetation growth (also known as greening) to air temperature increases and a longer growing season, and the recent greening hiatus as a result of a warmer and drier climate. However, using satellite data, we found observational evidence that increases in summer peak growth dominated the overall greening trend and that a wetting and cooling climate during the peak growing season was the primary cause of the hiatus.
Linkage of Marine Bacterial Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Long-Chain Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis

Various marine gamma-proteobacteria produce omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, DHA), which are incorporated into membrane phospholipids. Five genes, designated pfaABCDE, encode the polyketide/fatty acid synthase necessary for production of these long-chain fatty acids. In addition to de novo biosynthesis of EPA and DHA, the “Pfa synthase” is also involved with production of a long-chain polyunsaturated hydrocarbon product (31:9, PUHC) in conjunction with the oleABCD hydrocarbon biosynthesis pathway. In this work, we demonstrate that OleA mediates the linkage between these two pathways in vivo. Co-expression of pfaA-E along with oleA from Shewanella pealeana in Escherichia coli yielded the expected product, a 31:8 ketone along with a dramatic ∼10-fold reduction in EPA content. The decrease in EPA content was independent of 31:8 ketone production as co-expression of an OleA active site mutant also led to identical decreases in EPA content. We also demonstrate that a gene linked with either pfa and/or ole operons in diverse bacterial lineages, herein designated pfaT, plays a role in maintaining optimal production of Pfa synthase derived products in Photobacterium and Shewanella species.
Consumer acceptance and continuance of mobile money: Secondary data insights from Africa using the technology acceptance model

This research provides empirical results on context-based factors that determine the use of mobile money in Africa by employing a unique secondary data which provides a new perspective on the technology acceptance model (TAM) application. The hypothesised research model tests the context-based constructs to determine how these constructs affect peoples' intentions and attitudes towards the continued use of mobile money. Exploring these constructs provides an understanding of the insights into the marketing campaigns and growth of mobile money providers. The empirical results suggest that the availability of electricity is an important factor for mobile phone functionality and ongoing use of mobile money in the long run. There is also a correlation between regulations that are perceived to be enabling and the intentions of individuals to continue using mobile money. However, there is a negative correlation between rural dwellings and the intentions of individuals to adopt the use of mobile money which finds its basis in the inadequate mobile networks and national grid systems in rural areas.
Hamiltonian systems, Toda lattices, solitons, Lax pairs on weighted Z-graded graphs

We consider discrete one dimensional nonlinear equations and present the procedure of lifting them to Z-graded graphs. We identify conditions which allow one to lift one dimensional solutions to solutions on graphs. In particular, we prove the existence of solitons {for static potentials} on graded fractal graphs. We also show that even for a simple example of a topologically interesting graph the corresponding non-trivial Lax pairs and associated unitary transformations do not lift to a Lax pair on the Z-graded graph.