Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Space Exploration of a Jet Engine Component Using a Combined Object Model for Function and Geometry

The design of aircraft and engine components hinges on the use of computer aided design (CAD) models and the subsequent geometry-based analyses for evaluation of the quality of a concept. However, the generation (and variation) of CAD models to include radical or novel design solutions is a resource intense modelling effort. While approaches to automate the generation and variation of CAD models exist, they neglect the capture and representation of the product’s design rationale—what the product is supposed to do. The design space exploration approach Function and Geometry Exploration (FGE) aims to support the exploration of more functionally and geometrically different product concepts under consideration of not only geometrical, but also teleological aspects. The FGE approach has been presented and verified in a previous presentation. However, in order to contribute to engineering design practice, a design method needs to be validated through application in industrial practice. Hence, this publication reports from a study where the FGE approach has been applied by a design team of a Swedish aerospace manufacturers in a conceptual product development project. Conceptually different alternatives were identified in order to meet the expected functionality of a guide vane (GV). The FGE was introduced and applied in a series of workshops. Data was collected through participatory observation in the design teams by the researchers, as well as interviews and questionnaires. The results reveal the potential of the FGE approach as a design support to: (1) Represent and capture the design rationale and the design space; (2) capture, integrate and model novel solutions; and (3) provide support for the embodiment of novel concepts that would otherwise remain unexplored. In conclusion, the FGE method supports designers to articulate and link the design rationale, including functional requirements and alternative solutions, to geometrical features of the product concepts. The method supports the exploration of alternative solutions as well as functions. However, scalability and robustness of the generated CAD models remain subject to further research.
Digital humanitarians for the Sustainable Development Goals: YouthMappers as a hybrid movement

ABSTRACT Emerging youth movements to promote issues reflected in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are celebrated as critical for the future attainment of societal aims. We explore the possibility for institutions of higher education to serve as an intentional third space to engender the creation and mobilization of hybrid movements that intentionally engage youth internationally. This case study interrogates the YouthMappers digital humanitarian mapping model of student-led, faculty-mentored, globally-networked chapters through a global survey of 205 participating students from 32 countries. Results indicate the extent to which youth reflect on skill-development versus global citizenship, and how they understand the meanings of their actions for SDGs, locally and globally. Detected differences by gender, world region, and duration of participation are interpreted and validated with additional qualitative data. We conclude with observations about how universities can open enabling spaces for youth action on SDGs.
Electron Density Depletion Region Observed in the Polar Cap Ionosphere

This paper presents and discusses electron density depletion regions observed with the incoherent scatter EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) located at 75.43°N geomagnetic latitude. The data include several decades of measurements, which make them suitable for studying statistical features and characteristics of the ionospheric parameters. Here we focus on the electron density depletions and their dependence on diurnal and seasonal variations and solar activity. An electron density depletion region is identified in the ESR data in the early morning sector. This depletion region seems to be clearest during equinox and winter and moderate/high solar activity. An enhancement in the ion temperature is often co‐located with the electron density depletion region. The ion temperature enhancement could indicate that ion frictional heating is related to the electron density depletion region. However, during summer when the solar activity is low, the electron density depletion is not observed although the ion temperature is enhanced, suggesting that formation of the electron density depletion regions due to ion frictional heating may depend on the background effective temperature and O/N2 ratio. In addition, seasonal changes in the solar zenith angle could also contribute to the formation of the depletion region.
Effects of Pergularia tomentosa active fraction on the oogenesis of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria: ovarian biochemical composition, and effects on the ecdysteroid pathway

Fractionation of the methanolic extract of Pergularia tomentosa, using column chromatography, resulted in the separation of 10 fractions and only the active one (that gave mortality >70%) was kept and denoted the active fraction (AFPt). Adult female Schistocerca gregaria were treated with two concentrations of AFPt, 0.24% and 0.96%, to investigate the effect on the female reproductive potential. Both concentrations of AFPt significantly increased the duration between adult emergence and first oviposition, as well as affected fecundity and fertility. Furthermore, the effects of AFPt on vitellogenesis and ecdysteroid titres were examined. Biochemical analyses revealed a significant decrease in protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents in ovaries. This study also showed that AFPt induced a significant decrease in the ovarian ecdysteroids levels, as well as the haemolymph ecdysteroid titres. The transcript levels of the ecdysteroid synthesis enzymes Spook and Shadow were significantly decreased when treated with the highest concentration of AFPt, while transcript levels of the ecdysteroid synthesis enzymes Phantom and Disembodied increased significantly in animals treated with AFPt. Treatment with AFPt also resulted in a significantly higher transcript level of both the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and its partner ultraspiracle/retinoid‐X‐receptor (USP/RXR).
Density fluctuations in molten lithium: inelastic x-ray scattering study

New inelastic x-ray scattering experiments have been performed on liquid lithium at two different temperatures: T = 475 K (slightly above the melting point) and 600 K. Taking advantage of the absence of any kinematical restriction and incoherent contribution, and pushing the instrumental resolution up to 1.5 meV, it was possible to perform an accurate investigation of the dynamic structure factor S(Q, E)in the wavevector range from 1 to 110 nm −1 . F orQ smaller than Qm � 25 nm −1 , the position of the main peak of the static structure factor, a detailed analysis of the lineshapes shows that any picture of the relaxation mechanisms based on a simple viscoelastic model must be abandoned. All the spectral features can instead satisfactorily be accounted for by including both fast and slow relaxation processes. The physical origin of the slow relaxation is associated with the structural rearrangement, while the local nature of the fast one is extensively discussed. At larger Q-values, a gradual crossover from the strongly correlated to single-particle dynamics occurs, with an important weighting provided by quantum effects.
Comparing CRISPR‐Cas and qPCR eDNA assays for the detection of Atlantic salmon (
 Salmo salar
 L.)

Molecular techniques offer sensitive, specific, noninvasive monitoring of target species from a variety of environmental samples. We recently developed a CRISPR-Cas-based eDNA assay for rapid single-species detection as a route to a simple, cost-effective biosensor device. CRISPR-Cas-based diagnostic assays use isothermal conditions in combination with a highly specific sequence recognition system. This CRISPR-Cas assay was designed to target Salmo salar , and we previously demon-strated its utility in eDNA samples from sites in Ireland. The aim of this study was to validate our assay in two larger sample sets from Canada ( n = 16/ n = 63) in com parison with an independent S. salar qPCR assay. We demonstrate that overall, the CRISPR-Cas assay performs similarly to qPCR for assessing the presence or absence of S. salar from eDNA and provides a viable alternative approach where
Determinants of the Implementation of Home Evaluations among Patients with Fall-Related Fractures at a Convalescent Rehabilitation Ward in Tokyo: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Home adaptations are integral for inpatients with fall-related fractures, especially during discharge. However, it is unclear as to how patient-implemented home evaluations can be prioritized with limited professional rehabilitation resources. This study examines the associations between predisposing, enabling, and needs factors with the implementation of home evaluations in the eastern district of Tokyo. Being a female and lower comprehension in cognitive function was significantly associated with the implementation of home evaluations. It may be necessary to consider patients’ cognitive function when deciding who to target for housing evaluations and to seek strategies to best estimate their needs.
The auto-ignition of propane at intermediate temperatures and high pressures

The results of a new experimental programme to measure auto-ignition delay times in mainly lean (ϕ = 0.5) propane–air mixtures at intermediate temperatures in the range 850 K upwards and pressures 5–40 bar are described. The delays are compared to predictions obtained by the integration of two detailed chemical kinetic reaction schemes. Experimentally, a decrease in activation energy was observed at around 1000 K. The work shows that extrapolation of ignition delays obtained at high temperatures T>1000 K can lead to significant overestimation of the actual delay times at lower temperatures. Despite the introduction of additional key reactions the kinetic schemes used could not fully reproduce the delay times observed experimentally at temperature below ca. 1000 K.
Influência do nitrogênio e do fósforo na produção do capim-braquiária

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the DM production, leaf:stem ratio, CP content and leaf and stem efficiency response to nitrogen of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. grass, fertilized with different N and P doses during the summer period. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with three replicates in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, composed by four N doses (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha/year), using ammonium sulfate, and three P2O5 doses (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha/year), using super simple phosphate. The K amount applied was 40 kg/ha/year. The cuts (at 20 cm of the soil) were performed every 28 days, in a total of three cuts during the experiment. After each cut, fertilization was accomplished according to the treatment. N fertilization affected DM production, that showed maximum values of 5,345.6 and 4,857.7 kg/ha of leaf and stem, respectively. Leaf:stem ratio was greater (1.31) with 200 kg/ha N dose, independent of the phosphorus dose. N fertilization had quadratic effect on CP content of the leaves and linear effect on CP content of the stem. P fertilization, however, had no effect on these variables. The N efficiency of utilization had quadratic effect when increasing N doses were used. The point of maximum was 245.3 kg of N, dose that provided 18.84 kg of DM/kg of N.
Insights into the theranostic value of precision medicine on advanced radiotherapy to breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. “Breast cancer” encompasses a broad spectrum of diseases (i.e., subtypes) with significant epidemiological, clinical, and biological heterogeneity. Each of these subtypes has a different natural history and prognostic profile. Although tumour staging (TNM classification) still provides valuable information in the overall management of breast cancer, the current reality is that clinicians must consider other biological and molecular factors that directly influence treatment decision-making, including extent of surgery, indication for chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and even radiotherapy (and treatment volumes). The management of breast cancer has changed radically in the last 15 years due to significant advances in our understanding of these tumours. While these changes have been extremely positive in terms of surgical and systemic management, they have also created significant uncertainties concerning integration of local and locoregional radiotherapy into the therapeutic scheme. In parallel, radiotherapy itself has also experienced major advances. Beyond the evident technological advances, new radiobiological concepts have emerged, and genomic data and other patient-specific factors must now be integrated into individualized treatment approaches. In this context, “precision medicine” seeks to provide an answer to these open questions and uncertainties. Although precision medicine has been much discussed in the last five years or so, the concept remains somewhat ambiguous, and it often appear to be used as a “catch-all” term. The present review aims to clarify the meaning of this term and, more importantly, to critically evaluate the role and impact of precision medicine on breast cancer radiotherapy. Finally, we will discuss the current and future of precision medicine in radiotherapy.
Chemical composition of rivers and streams in the forest and savanna zones of Nigeria

The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in the chemical conditions of lotic waterbodies in the two major ecosystems in Nigeria, the forest and savanna zones. The forest waters were slightly acidic (mean±SD pH = 6.72±0.58) while the savanna waters were slightly alkaline (pH = 7.11±0.33). The cationic order of dominance in the forest waters was Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ in contrast to Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ in savanna waters. The forest waters were chlorided (typical of coastal and/or marine waters) whereas the savanna waters were carbonated in nature, typical of the worldwide freshwater. Organic carbon was significantly higher in forest waters than in the savanna waters (p < 0.05) while nutrient compounds were significantly higher in savanna waters than in forest waters. The seasonal variation of the chemical parameters was generally more evident in savanna than in forest waters. The differences in water quality between the two major vegetation zones reflect the differences in the biogeochemical processes and nutrient cycling that characterise forest and savanna ecosystems.
Exploring Correlations between Travel Time Based Measures by Year, Day-of-the-week, Time-of-the-day, Week-of-the-Year and the Posted Speed Limit

ABSTRACT This research explores correlations between travel time-based measures, comprehensively, by year, day-of-the-week (DoW), time-of-the-day (ToD), week-of-the-year (WoY), and the posted speed limit using raw one-minute interval travel time data for 3,290 road links in Charlotte, North Carolina. The data were processed, normalized, and categorized into 57 datasets accounting for the year, DoW, ToD, WoY, and the posted speed limit. Pearson correlation coefficient matrices were generated to explore the correlations between travel time measures (minimum, maximum, and average; 10th, 15th, 50th, 85th, 90th, and 95th percentile travel times), travel time reliability measures (buffer time – BT, buffer time index – BTI, planning time index – PTI, and travel time index – TTI), and travel time variability measures (based on 90th, 85th, 15th and 10th percentile travel times). The percentages based on scores associated with the correlations were also examined. Travel time measures and travel time variability measures are moderately or highly correlated with each other. BT is moderately or highly correlated with all other measures, while the correlation between BTI, PTI and TTI and travel time measures is relatively low. There is a positive correlation between BTI and PTI and a negative correlation between BTI and TTI in most instances.
The Influence of Smoking Habit to Voice Handicap Index Score

Introduction: The health voice production depends on vocal folds vibration and resonance. Anatomical changes of the vocal folds soft tissue (epithelium, ligament, muscle) can cause functional problems results in voice disorders. The vocal folds react to smoking, from irritate the mucous to the tissue changes or dysplasia that degradation of voice performance in daily living. Aim: This study determined the influence of smoking habits to the voice handicap score by Voice Handicap Index score (VHI). Material and methods: The design was a retrospective cohort study from 96 adults that identified level of voice fatigue through VHI. They were divided into 3 groups: a group of active smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers. Chi-square test and regression nominal test was used in this study. Results: Voice fatigue (VHI score > 20) in both active smokers (13.54%) and passive smokers (15.62%) compared with nonsmokers (6.25%), by Chi-square test results was p = 0.047 (p
Influence of the time/temperature binomial on the hydroxymethylfurfural content of floral honeys subjected to heat treatment Influência do binômio tempo e temperatura nos teores de hidroximetilfurfural em méis florais submetidos ao aquecimento

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content is internationally recognized for its ability to indicate the freshness or lack of freshness of honey and can be used to judge the processing and storage condition of honey. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the evolution of HMF levels in fresh extracted honeys submitted to different temperatures ranging from 30 to 100o C, during pre-established time intervals (30, 45, 60, 180 and 720 minutes). The test was conducted in floral honey with an initial HMF content of 2.2 mg/Kg. The maximum value recommended by the Brazilian law (60 mg/Kg) was not exceeded in the samples subjected to heating for 30, 45 and 60 minutes regardless of the temperatures used. When the samples were heat treated during 180 minutes at 90o C the official value was surpassed. The highest values were observed in samples subjected to heating over 720 minutes, and the limit was exceeded at 70o C. The results obtained indicate that the HMF content gradually increases when the honey is heated at high temperatures for long periods. Therefore, we suggest a process optimization, considering the initial HMF content of the product and standardizing times and temperatures to ensure a good quality of the final product.
Obtaining the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient from ultrafiltration experiments: Application to hyaluronate

A method for determining the concentration-dependent mutual diffusion coefficient D(C) of a macromolecule-solvent combination over a wide macromolecular concentration range is presented. All necessary data are gathered from a single experiment, in which polymer concentration profiles are measured during one-dimensional dead-end ultrafiltration. Based on these profiles, the convection-diffusion equation is used to deduce the dependence of D on C. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, studies using sodium hyaluronate dissolved in either 10 mM NaCl or a phosphate buffer were carried out. For hyaluronate (HA) in 10 mM NaCl, the mutual diffusion coefficient varies approximately linearly with concentration according to D(C) = 4.1 × 10−6 C0.96 cm2/s in the range 0 ≤ C ≤ 0.6 mass %, for C expressed in mass %. However, transition points (slope changes) in the D(C) curve are present at C ≅ 0.7 mass % and C ≅ 1.4 mass %. For HA in the phosphate buffer, the mutual diffusion coefficient is well described by D(C) = 1.9 × 10−6 C0.825, for 0 ≤ C ≤ 1.8 mass %. These values agree well with previously published data. The technique is robust, and permits reasonably high polymer concentrations to be easily studied. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Additive manufacturing and supply chains – a systematic review

Abstract In most supply chains, the application of additive manufacturing (AM) is still far from common. However, various industries ranging from aerospace to consumer goods are investigating its potential to enable the digital value chain. Considering these developments, the research community has supported the adoption of AM in supply chains in many ways. This article contributes to the scientific discourse by systematically reviewing relevant literature depending on industry sector, purpose and supply chain area following the SCOR framework to allow fast access to essential information. The review encompasses 1004 articles, where 141 were subjected to a full-text analysis with argument-specific coding. Findings revealed the predominant AM trends for supply chains, perceived benefits and challenges, and possible applications. Managerial implications based on an overview of (envisioned) applications of AM in different industries are outlined. Additionally, based on a qualitative analysis, gaps in the literature and future lines of research were identified.
Beyond glucose: alternative sources of energy in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. With a designation of WHO Grade IV, it is also the most lethal primary brain tumor with a median survival of just 15 months. This is often despite aggressive treatment that includes surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Based on the poor outcomes and prevalence of the tumor, the demand for innovative therapies continues to represent a pressing issue for clinicians and researchers. In terms of therapies targeting metabolism, the prevalence of the Warburg effect has led to a focus on targeting glucose metabolism to halt tumor progression. While glucose is the dominant source of growth substrate in GBM, a number of unique metabolic pathways are exploited in GBM to meet the increased demand for replication and progression. In this review we aim to explore how metabolites from fatty acid oxidation, the urea cycle, the glutamate-glutamine cycle, and one-carbon metabolism are shunted toward energy producing pathways to meet the high energy demand in GBM. We will also explore how the process of autophagy provides a reservoir of nutrients to support viable tumor cells. By so doing, we aim to establish a foundation of implicated metabolic mechanisms supporting growth and tumorigenesis of GBM within the literature. With the sparse number of therapeutic interventions specifically targeting metabolic pathways in GBM, we hope that this review expands further insight into the development of novel treatment modalities.
The structure of plant–herbivore interaction networks varies along elevational gradients in the European Alps

Ecological gradients are expected to be associated with structural rewiring of species interaction networks. The study of network structures along geographic and ecological gradients, however, remains marginal because documenting species interactions at multiple sites is a methodological challenge. Here, we aimed to study the structural variation in plant–herbivore interaction networks along elevational gradients using molecular metabarcoding.