Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjective and objective sleep quality in non-demented elderly individuals: role of psychogeriatric evaluation.

Aging affects sleep, and sleep problems are common in older individuals but the relationship between objective or subjective tool to analyse sleep and psycho-geriatric variables have not been in institutionalised older individuals. This work analyse sleep quality by means of objective tool (with actigraphy) and subjective perception of sleep by validates scales (measured with the Athens and Oviedo sleep questionnaires) in octogenarian non-demented elderly individuals. All patients wore an actigraph device for one week and then completed the Athens and Oviedo clinical sleep-evaluation questionnaires. Morning cortisol levels in blood plasma and saliva samples were also measured in order to assess any associations with the reported sleep patterns. Age, gender, and psycho-geriatric evaluations, including Barthel, Tinetti, and Mini-Mental scale measurements, were analysed as variables with the potential to confound the strength of such associations. There was a significant and inverse correlation between the number of awakenings during the night assessed by actigraphy or the time spent awake during night and the total Oviedo questionnaire score, but he other parameters were not. The concentration of blood cortisol appears of marker of insomnia, being related to sleep times of less than four hours and represent a potential marker for sleep interventions.
Structure Of Flame Balls At Low Lewis-number ( SOFBALL ) : Preliminary Results from the STS-83 Space Flight Experiments

Results from the Structure Of Flame Balls At Low Lewis-number (SOFBALL) space flight experiment conducted on the STS-83/MSL-1 Space Shuttle mission are reported. These are the first premixed gas combustion experiments to be performed in space. Two of the fifteen scheduled tests were successfully completed on this shortened mission. Two different types of mixtures were burned, and both burned much longer than expected based on prior theoretical understanding. From these tests, two new insights were obtained, namely on the buoyancy-induced drift speed and repulsion of adjacent flame balls due to their mutual interaction. Preliminary results from the STS-94/MSL-1 reflight are also presented, which show a remarkable sensitivity of the flame balls to small accelerations resulting from Orbiter attitude control maneuvers. Comparison of experimental results to computational predictions reveals limitations in current models of H2-O2 chemistry for very lean mixtures. It is shown how the results of these space experiments may provide an improved understanding of the interactions of the two most important phenomena in combusting materials, namely chemical reaction and transport processes, in the unequivocally simplest possible configuration. Corresponding author: Prof. Paul D. Ronney Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-1453 (213) 740-0490 (213) 740-8071 (fax) ronney@usc.edu Published in AIAA Journal, Vol. 36, pp. 1361-1368 (1998).
Carbon dioxide losses from terrestrial organic matter resulting from photodegradation and microbial respiration

Losses of soil organic matter (SOM) can lead to a decrease in soil quality, cause an increase in CO2 emissions, thereby contributing to a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration, which in turn can affect the global climate. Microbial decomposition of SOM to CO2 is one of the main processes by which SOM is lost. Breakdown of organic matter (OM) by solar irradiance (called “photodegradation”) can also contribute to decomposition, especially in dry ecosystems. Photodegradation has been studied in the field by measuring the mass loss of litter, but its contribution to CO2 losses has not previously been determined at spatial and temporal scales appropriate for ecosystems. The main aim of this research was to examine the magnitude and drivers of the CO2 efflux from terrestrial organic matter resulting from both microbial decomposition and photodegradation. Carbon dioxide fluxes were measured at a bare peatland in New Zealand using eddy covariance (EC) and a closed chamber. The EC system measured the total CO2 flux, whereas the chamber only measured the biological component of the CO2 flux. The abiotic irradiance-induced component of the CO2 flux was obtained by subtracting the chamber flux from the EC flux, and by comparing day-and night-time EC measurements made under similar temperature and moisture conditions. Analogous comparisons were made using field data from a grassland site in California during the dry summer period when plants had senesced. To confirm that solar irradiance contributed to CO2 effluxes from terrestrial OM, short incubations of OM in a small transparent flow-through chamber system (referred to as the “container”) were conducted. The container was also used to study the controls of photodegradation including the effects of irradiance intensity, wavelength and substrate species. On hot summer days, irradiance-induced CO2 fluxes accounted for up to 58% and 90% of the total mid-day CO2 flux at the peatland and grassland, respectively. Annual CO2 production at the peatland was estimated to be 269 g C m, of which 20% was due to photodegradation. At the grassland during the dry
Monetary Policy and Risk Taking ∗ Ignazio Angeloni European Central Bank and BRUEGEL

We assess the effects of monetary policy on bank risk to verify the existence of a risk-taking channel — monetary expansions inducing banks to assume more risk. We first present VAR evidence confirming that this channel exists and tends to concentrate on the bank funding side. Then, to rationalize this evidence we build a macro model where banks subject to runs endogenously choose their funding structure (deposits vs. capital) and risk level. A monetary expansion increases bank leverage and risk. In turn, higher bank risk in steady state increases asset price volatility and reduces equilibrium output.
Semi-Analytical Option Pricing Under Double Heston Jump-Diffusion Hybrid Model

We examine European call options in the jump-diffusion version of the Double Heston stochastic volatility model for the underlying price process to provide a more flexible model for the term structure of volatility. We assume, in addition, that the stochastic interest rate is governed by the Cox-- Ross -- Ingersoll (CIR) dynamics. The instantaneous volatilities are correlated with the dynamics of the stock price process, whereas the short-term rate is assumed to be independent of the dynamics of the price process and its volatility. The main result furnishes a semi-analytical formula for the price of the European call option in the hybrid call option/interest rates model. Numerical results show that the model implied volatilities are comparable for in-sample but outperform out-of-sample implied volatilities compared to the benchmark Heston model[1], and Double Heston volatility model put forward by Christoffersen et al., [2] for calls on the S&P 500 index.
Evaluation of optical coherence tomography and heidelberg retinal tomography parameters in detecting early and moderate glaucoma.

PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg retinal tomography; HRT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in early and moderate glaucoma and to compare several OCT-based automated classifiers with those inbuilt in HRT for detection of glaucomatous damage. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 60 eyes of 60 patients with glaucoma (30 early and 30 moderate visual field defects) and 60 eyes of 60 healthy subjects. All patients underwent Fast Optic Disc and Fast Peripapillary RNFL scans on the OCT and then HRT evaluation of the ONH during the same visit. Glaucoma variables obtained from OCT and HRT analyses were compared among the groups. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves generated by performing linear discriminant analysis (LDA), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and classification and regression trees (CART) on OCT-based parameters were compared with the Moorfield regression analysis (MRA), R Bathija (RB), and FS Mickelberg (FSM) functions in the HRT, to classify eyes as either glaucomatous or normal. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found in the disc area measured by the OCT and HRT analyses within each study group (P > 0.05). The areas under ROC curves were 0.9822 (LDF), 0.9791 (CART), and 0.9383 (ANN) as compared with 0.859 (FSM), 0.842 (RB) and 0.767 (MRA). CONCLUSIONS OCT-based automated classifiers performed better than HRT classifiers in distinguishing glaucomatous from healthy eyes. Such parameters should be integrated in the OCT to improve its diagnostic abilities.
Quaternary glaciations : extent and chronology

The book presents an up-to-date, detailed overview of the Quaternary glaciations all over the world, not only with regard to stratigraphy but also with regard to major glacial landforms and the extent of the respective ice sheets. The locations of key sites are included. The information is presented in digital, uniformly prepared maps which can be used in a Geographical Information System (GIS) such as ArcView or ArcGIS. The accompanying text supplies the information on how the data were obtained (geomorphology, geological mapping, air photograph evaluation, satellite imagery), how the features were dated (14C, TL, relative stratigraphy) and how reliable they are supposed to be. All references to the underlying basic publications are included. Where controversial interpretations are possible e.g. in Siberia or Tibet, this is pointed out. As a result, the information on Quaternary glaciations worldwide will be much improved and supplied in a uniform digital format. The information on the glacial limits is compiled in digital form by the coordinators of the project. It is completely updated detailed coverage of worldwide Quaternary glaciations. It offers information in digital, uniformly prepared maps which can be used in a GIS such as ArcView or ArcGis. It provides step-by-step guideline how to open and use ArcGis files. It is possible to convert the shapefiles into GoogleEarth kmz-files. It includes availability of chronological controls.
The success-failure continuum in language and ethnic identity efforts

Forward 1. Examining Contrarianism: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic-Identity Efforts 2. Afrikaans: Success or Failure? 3. Invention of Scripts in West Africa for Ethnic Revitalization 4. The Teaching of Amazigh (Berber) in Morocco 5. The Promotion of Moroccan Arabic: Successes and Failures 6. The Survival of French in Tunisian Identity 7. Hebrew Revivalists' Goals vis a vis the Emerging Israeli Language 8. African American language in U.S. Education and Society: A Story of Success and Failure 9. Learning English in Puerto Rico: An Approach-Avoidance Conflict? 10. The Reforming of English Spelling 11. Quechua Language Policy and Planning in Peru 12. Paradoxes of Quechua Language Revitalization in Bolivia: Back and forth Along the Success-Failure Continuum 13. North Korea's Language Revision and Some Unforeseen Consequences 14. Simplifying Chinese Characters: Not a Simple Matter 15. Problems of Orthography Development for the Yi in China 16. Planning for Failure: English and Language Policy and Planning in Bangladesh 17. The Emergence, Role, and Future of the Malay in Singapore
to: ‘Painful knee but not hand osteoarthritis is an independent predictor of mortality over 23 years follow-up of a population-based cohort of middle-aged

Gao et al highlighted a number of issues related to a discordance between pain and radiographic changes and sensitivity of the pain assessment. Although a single definition of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remains elusive, the presence of knee pain is the main symptom of knee osteoarthritis(OA)(2-4) and there is still a strong relationship between pain and ROA. (5, 6) Notwithstanding this, a substantial number of patients with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (ROA) are asymptomatic. Although OA is the most common ‘source’ of knee pain in ROA, it is true, as pointed out by Gao et al. that many other diagnoses may be judged to account for a patient’s symptoms including bursitis, tendinopathies and overuse injuries. In this cohort of middle aged to elderly women, we feel that these alternative causes will not be prevalent. We defined pain as the presence of side-specific knee pain in the preceding month, and painful radiographic KOA as knee specific pain and presence of ROA. We have performed additional analyses to further address the queries of Gao at al.
Postmodern Wetlands: Culture, History, Ecology

Part 1 Aesthetics and the wetlandscape: introduction - where land and water meet philosophy (and sociology) in the wetlands - the s(ub)lime and the uncanny. Part 2 Cities and swamps: a modern city and swamp sett(l)ing the world/womb as wetland, the modern city as cultural symptom and the postmodern city as swamp. Part 3 Bogs and bodies: swamp sickness - marsh miasma and bodily effluvia the nether regions - sexuality. gendered bodies and Mother Earth. Part 4 Minds and marshes: the melancholic marshes and the Slough of Despond the psycho(eco)logy of swamps marsh monsters and swamp serpents - horror of horrors, Part 5 Politics and wetlands rebels and runaways - the wetland as refuge and site of resistance conclusion - writing a word for wet wilderness.
Projections of Potential Flood Regime Changes in California

xi 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Flood Mechanisms and Warming in the Sierra Nevada 3 2.1. Historical Floods 3 2.2. Rainfall-Runoff Contributing Areas 8 2.3. Rain on Snow 11 2.4. Antecedent Soil Moisture 13 2.5. Synchronous Springtime Snowmelt 14 3.0 Projections of Future Atmospheric-River Storms 14 4.0 Hydrologic Simulation Analysis of Sierra Nevadan Floods 29 4.1. Method 29 4.2. Simulations of Changing Flood Risks 31 4.2.1. Northern Sierra Nevada 31 4.2.2. Southern Sierra Nevada 38 4.3. Summary 41 5.0 Tides, Storm Surges, and Floods 42 6.0 Conclusions 46 7.0 References 48 8.0 Glossary 53
The Credit Crisis as a Problem in the Sociology of Knowledge1

This article analyzes the role in the credit crisis of the processes by which market participants produce knowledge about financial instruments. Employing documentary sources and 87 predominantly oral history interviews, the article presents a historical sociology of the clusters of evaluation practices surrounding ABSs (asset-backed securities, most importantly mortgage-backed securities) and CDOs (collateralized debt obligations). Despite the close structural similarity between ABSs and CDOs, these practices came to differ substantially and became the province (e.g., in the rating agencies) of organizationally separate groups. In consequence, when ABS CDOs (CDOs in which the underlying assets are ABSs) emerged, they were evaluated in two separate stages. This created a fatally attractive arbitrage opportunity, large-scale exploitation of which sidelined previously important gatekeepers (risk-sensitive investors in the lower tranches of mortgage-backed securities) and eventually magnified and concentrated the banking system’s calamitous mortgage-related losses.
FOR H O RTICULTURAL SCIENCE

Long-term storage tests with carrots, parsnips, rutabagas, and cabbage showed that at 98 to 100% relative humidity (RH), decay in these commodities was either less than or about the same as at 90 to 95% RH, while moisture loss was considerably less and the produce remained crisper, firmer, and of better color at the higher humidity. The optimum storage temperature for minimizing decay was 0 to 1°C. Cabbage stored in 1% O2 with 5% CO2 had less decay and remained greener than cabbage stored in air or in other modified atmospheres with up to 10% O2 and 11% CO2. Limited tests with up to 1-1/2-ton samples of rutabagas and carrots confirmed the small-scale (1 bushel) tests and, for rutabagas, yielded information on temperature variations and air movement within bins. Earlier studies on the effect of relative humidity (RH) on wt loss, decay, and changes in quality of fruits and vegetables during storage (4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13) showed that the optimum RH during the storage of apples, cabbage, carrots, celery, and potatoes was 98 to 100%, that is, as close to saturation as possible. At this high RH, decay was often less, while moisture loss and loss of quality (crispness, firmness, color) was always considerably less than at 85 to 95% RH. The unexpected reduction in decay at high RH was found to be caused, in part at least, by reduced pectolytic activity of decay-causing microorganisms at the higher humidity level (14). The findings have been applied commercially for apples (2, 7), cabbage, and carrots (5) by storage in jacketed rooms designed for maintaining high humidities as well as uniform temp and air movement (3,4).
The awakening of the West : the encounter of Buddhism and Western culture, 542 B.C.-1992

In our own time Buddhism has been "claimed" by many in the West - theosophists, environmentalists, quantum-physicists and the "New Age" - as a confirmation of their world view. Yet for more than 2000 years the religious traditions of East and West developed in ignorance of one another. From the time of Alexander the Great, kings, emperors and popes realized the political power that could be gained through alliance - or through conquest. Sent as political and spiritual envoys, whether hordes in Crusades or lone adventurers such as Marco Polo, Christians made contact with the "infidels" only by enduring years of arduous travel, risking death by disease or shipwreck. The Buddhists they encountered, baffled by the "Christians" blinkered selfrighteousness, responded by offering access to their monasteries and libraries of sacred texts, with the result that information - and much misinformation gradually reached the West. Following the story of these pioneers and their encounters with the Kagyu, Nyingma, Geluk, Sakya and Zen traditions, this book shows how contact between East and West developed over the centuries, revealing how the 19th-century colonists' categorization of Asian culture colours our view today.
Perceived Stress and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Urban Thailand

Background: Perceived stress during pregnancy is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Antenatal perceived stress is still unaware and under-diagnosed during routine antenatal care. There has not yet been a study of prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women living in urban areas in Thailand. Understanding antenatal perceived stress is important to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objective: To identify the prevalence, associated factors, and predictive factors of perceived stress in pregnant women living in an urban area. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. The participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire which included demographic data, obstetric data, serious life event data, and a Thai language version of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (T-PSS-10) to assess perceived stress symptoms. Results: Of a total 403 pregnant women, the prevalence of perceived stress symptoms in antenatal pregnant women was 23.6%. Perceived stress symptoms were significantly associated with divorce (p=0.001), separation from spouse (p=0.005), physical or psychological trauma from family (p=0.005), marital conflict (p<0.001), and family conflict (p<0.001). Results from multiple logistic regression found that significant predictive factors for perceived stress symptoms in pregnant women were marital conflict (AOR 3.10, 95% CI 1.74–5.52, p<0.001) and family conflict (AOR 3.24, 95% CI 1.59–6.60, p=0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the prevalence of perceived stress symptoms in pregnant women living in an urban area in Thailand was 23.6%. Perceived stress symptoms were significantly associated with divorce, separation from spouse, physical or psychological trauma from family, marital conflict, and family conflict. Predictive factors for perceived stress symptoms were marital conflict and family conflict. pre-eclampsia, cardio-vascular diseases, gestational diabetes, multifetal pregnancy, recurrent abortion, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes), and fetal complications (non-reassuring fetal heart rate, fetal distress, fetal anomalies, intrauterine growth retardation, oligohydramnios)
DYNAMIC CALCULATION MODEL OF SHANGHAI SOFT SOIL

In this paper, Shanghai saturated soft soil is modeled as a two-phase porous media system consisting of solid and fluid phases. On the basis of resonant column test and dynamic triaxial test data of Shanghai saturated soft soil, the dynamic calculation model including a set of relationships of stress, strain, pore water pressure and earthquake subsidence is developed to compute the seismic response of soil. The procedure to identify soil constants for the dynamic calculation model is also reported in detail. Subsequently, a dynamic effective stress analysis with the finite element method has been recommended to predict the seismic response of soil. Finally, the developed dynamic calculation model together with the dynamic effective stress analysis is utilized to predict the seismic response of Shanghai soil strata through the finite element method and some valuable conclusions are obtained from the results.
Pueblos indígenas y pobreza : enfoques multidisciplinarios

Pablo Alarcón-Cháires; A. Carolina Borda Niño; Darío J. Mejía Montalvo; Siri Damman; Adrián González Romo; Benito Ramírez Valverde; Alfonso Macias Laylle; Néstor G. Estrella Chulín; Héctor Javier Sánchez-Pérez; Guadalupe Vargas Morales; Josep María Jansá; Louise Humpage; Robyn Eversole; Leon Ridgeway; David Mercer; Christian Jakob Burmeister Hicks; Ánde Somby; Indra Overland; Don Mccaskill; Jeff Rutherford; Stephen Cornell; Scott Simon
Preparation and Evaluation of Controlled Release Indomethacin Microspheres

AbstractMicrospheres containing indomethacin were prepared with various combinations of polymers Eudragit RS and Eudragit L. The effects of different ratios of polymers, solvent-polymer ratio, polymer-drug ratio and evaporation temperature on the physical characteristics of the microspheres as well as the in vitro release rate of the drug were investigated. All the factors studied had an influence on the physical characteristics of the microspheres. In vitro dissolution results showed that all formulations gave prolonged release of indomethacin and the release followed apparent zero order kinetics until 80% of drug had been released.
Optimal maintenance strategies for systems with partial repair options and without

We study a repairable system with Markovian deterioration and partial repair options, carried out at fixed times n = 1, 2, . and look for optimal strategies under certain conditions. Two optimality criteria are considered: expected discounted cost and long-run average cost. Douer and Yechiali found conditions under which a policy in the class of generalized control limit policies is optimal. In this paper conditions are found under which an optimal policy is a control-limit policy. We explicitly explain how to derive this optimal policy; numerical examples are given, too. As in the book of Hernandez and Lerma, we are interested in the case of possibly unbounded costs.