Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GALAXY SCALE LENSES IN THE RCS2. I. FIRST CATALOG OF CANDIDATE STRONG LENSES

We present the first galaxy scale lens catalog from the second Red-Sequence Cluster Survey. The catalog contains 60 lensing system candidates comprised of Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) lenses at 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 0.5 surrounded by blue arcs or apparent multiple images of background sources. The catalog is a valuable complement to previous galaxy–galaxy lens catalogs as it samples an intermediate lens redshift range and is composed of bright sources and lenses that allow easy follow-up for detailed analysis. Mass and mass-to-light ratio estimates reveal that the lens galaxies are massive ( 5.5 × 1011 [M☉ h−1]) and rich in dark matter ( 14 [M☉/L☉, Bh]). Even though a slight increasing trend in the mass-to-light ratio is observed from z = 0.2 to z = 0.5, current redshift and light profile measurements do not allow stringent constraints on the mass-to-light ratio evolution of LRGs.
Influence of post-thaw culture duration on pregnancy outcomes in frozen blastocyst transfer cycles

Abstract In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether post-thaw culture duration affected the clinical outcomes of frozen blastocyst transfer. This retrospective cohort study included 3,901 frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles. The cohorts were divided into two groups based on the developmental stage (day 5 [D5] and day 6 [D6]) and culture duration after thawing (short culture, 2–6 h; long culture, 18–20 h). Women in the short culture group following D6 blastocyst transfer were further divided into three subgroups depending on the post-thaw culture period (2, 4, and 6 h). The main outcomes, namely live birth rate (LBR), implantation rate (IR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), and abortion rate (AR), showed no statistical differences within the groups following D5 blastocyst transfer. Patients in the long culture group had significantly lower IR (35.5 vs. 45.8%, p < 0.001), CPR (45.3 vs. 56.6%, p = 0.001), and LBR (35.5 vs. 48.5%, p < 0.001) but a significantly higher AR (21.6 vs. 14.3%, p = 0.049) following D6 blastocyst transfer than those in the short culture group. However, the data failed to present the superiority of any short culture duration over another on the live birth outcome for embryos vitrified on D6 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.53–1.73, p = 0.881, for the 4-h vs. 2-h subgroup; aOR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68–1.49, p = 0.974, for the 6-h vs. 2-h subgroup). Both post-thaw protocols can be applied to patients with D5 blastocysts. To optimize the pregnancy outcomes following D6 blastocyst transfer, a short culture period is recommended. Any of the three short culture durations (2, 4, and 6 h) can be applied, depending on the workflow of the laboratory.
Daytime SO2 chemistry on ubiquitous urban surfaces as a source of organic sulfur compounds in ambient air

The reactions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with surface-bound compounds on atmospheric aerosols lead to the formation of organic sulfur (OS) compounds, thereby affecting the air quality and climate. Here, we show that the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 with authentic urban grime under near-ultraviolet sunlight irradiation leads to a large suite of various organic compounds including OS released in the gas phase. Calculations indicate that at the core area of Guangzhou, building surface uptake of SO2 is 15 times larger than uptake of SO2 on aerosol surfaces, yielding ~20 ng m−3 of OS that represents an important fraction of the observed OS compounds (60 to 200 ng m−3) in ambient aerosols of Chinese megacities. This chemical pathway occurring during daytime can contribute to the observed fraction of OS compounds in aerosols and improve the understanding of haze formation and urban air pollution.
Interplanetary scintillation observations of the solar wind close to the Sun and out of the ecliptic

A brief review is given of recent developments in the observation of the solar wind by the method of interplanetary scintillation. The emphasis is on observations of the velocity structure, the electron density and the effect of propagating disturbances in the interplanetary medium as detected principally by intensity and phase scintillation and by spectral broadening.
Bose-Einstein condensation of photons with nonlocal nonlinearity in a dye-doped graded-index microcavity

We consider a microcavity made by a graded-index (GRIN) glass, doped by dye molecules, placed within two planar mirrors and study Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of photons. The presence of the mirrors leads to an effective photon mass, and the index grading provides an effective trapping frequency; the photon gas becomes formally equivalent to a two dimensional Bose gas trapped in an isotropic harmonic potential. The inclusion of nonlinear effects provides an effective interaction between photons. We discuss, in particular, thermal lensing effects and nonlocal nonlinearity, and quantitatively compare our results with the reported experimental data.
Coarse-grained transport of a turbulent flow via moments of the Reynolds-averaged Boltzmann equation

Here we introduce new coarse-grained variables for a turbulent flow in the form of moments of its Reynolds-averaged Boltzmann equation. With the exception of the collision moments, the transport equations for the new variables are identical to the usual moment equations, and thus naturally lend themselves to the variety of already existing closure methods. Under the anelastic turbulence approximation, we derive equations for the Reynolds-averaged turbulent fluctuations around the coarse-grained state. We show that the global relative entropy of the coarse-grained state is bounded from above by the Reynolds average of the fine-grained global relative entropy, and thus obeys the time decay bound of Desvillettes and Villani. This is similar to what is observed in the rarefied gas dynamics, which makes the Grad moment closure a good candidate for truncating the hierarchy of the coarse-grained moment equations. We also show that, under additional assumptions on the form of the coarse-grained collision terms, one arrives at the Navier-Stokes closure, which can be naturally extended to the Burnett and super-Burnett orders. Finally, we suggest crude parameterizations of the coarse-grained collision terms for use as starting points in numerical simulation and modeling.
Using Out-of-Sample Mean Squared Prediction Errors to Test the Martingale Difference Hypothesis

We consider using out of sample mean squared prediction errors (MSPEs) to evaluate the null that a given series follows a zero mean martingale difference against the alternative that it is linearly predictable. Under the null of zero predictability, the population MSPE of the null “no change” model equals that of the linear alternative. We show analytically and via simulations that despite this equality, the alternative model’s sample MSPE is expected to be greater than the null’s. We propose and evaluate an asymptotically normal test that properly accounts for the upward shift of the sample MSPE of the alternative model. Our simulations indicate that our proposed procedure works well.
Improved Survival for Patients with Systemic Sclerosis-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

RATIONALE To date, it remains unclear whether recent changes in the management of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary hypertension (SSc-PH) have improved survival. OBJECTIVES To describe a cohort of SSc-PH patients and compare their characteristics and survival between the last two decades. METHODS SSc-PH patients prospectively enrolled in the Johns Hopkins PH Center Registry were grouped into two cohorts based on the date of diagnostic right heart catheterization: cohort A included patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2010, and cohort B included those diagnosed between 2010 and 2021. Patients' characteristics were compared between the two cohorts. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 504 SSc-PH patients distributed almost equally between the two cohorts, 308 (61%) had World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) Group 1, 43 (9%) had Group 2, and 151 (30%) had Group 3. Patients with Group 1 disease in cohort B had significantly better clinical and hemodynamic characteristics at diagnosis, were more likely to receive upfront combination pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy, and had a nearly 4-year increase in median transplant-free survival in univariable analysis compared to those in cohort A (P<0.01). Improved transplant-free survival was still observed after adjusting for patients' baseline characteristics. In contrast, for Group 2 or 3 SSc-PH patients, there were no differences in baseline clinical, hemodynamic, or survival characteristics between the two cohorts. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest single-center study that compares clinical characteristics of SSc-PH patients between the last two decades. Transplant-free survival has improved significantly for those with Group 1 disease over the last decade, possibly secondary to earlier detection and better therapeutic management. Conversely, those with Group 2 or 3 disease continue to have dismal prognosis.
The Use of Compression Stockings to Reduce Water Retention in the Legs During Gaming and Esports: Randomized Controlled Field Study

Background With the increasing digitalization of daily life, internet-based entertainment such as gaming and streaming has advanced to one of the megatrends of the 21st century. Besides offering a multitude of controversially discussed opportunities for entertainment and social interaction, there is reasonable concern about health issues caused by the absence of physical activity among activities linked to gaming and streaming. Objective The aim of this study is to compare the water balance of recreational gamers with and those without compression stockings during a gaming event. Methods We measured body composition and water balance with 8-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis among 46 recreational gamers with an average age of 27.1 (SD 6.5) years (5/46, 11% women and 41/46, 89% men) before and after 24 hours at a gaming event. Of the 46 gamers, 23 (50%) gamers wore compression stockings for the duration of the study. Results Our study shows that prolonged gaming and associated behaviors during a 24-hour time frame lead to an increase in total body water (+0.76 L; P<.001) and a decrease of phase angle in the lower extremities (−0.47°; P<.001) but not in the upper extremities (+0.09°; P=.80), when no compression is used. Gamers using compression socks did not show any significant negative effects on their body composition. Conclusions Prolonged gaming and streaming are serious risk factors for diseases associated with water retention in the legs, and these risks can be measured by bioelectrical impedance and reduced by wearing compression stockings. We conclude that these findings should be discussed and replicated in larger studies and that there is a considerably large market for compression stockings among gamers and live streamers.
Tidal disruption rate of stars by supermassive black holes obtained by direct N-body simulations

The disruption rate of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is calculated numerically with a modified version of Aarseths nbody6 code. Equal-mass systems without primordial binaries are treated. The initial stellar distribution around the SMBH follows a Sersic n= 4 profile representing bulges of late-type galaxies as well of early-type galaxies without central light deficits, i.e. without cores. In order to infer relaxation-driven effects and to increase the statistical significance, a very large set of N-body integrations with different particle numbers N, ranging from 103 to 0.5 x 106 particles, is performed. Three different black hole capture radii are taken into account, enabling us to scale these results to a broad range of astrophysical systems with relaxation times shorter than one Hubble time, i.e. for SMBHs up to M.approximate to 10(7) M(circle dot). The computed number of disrupted stars is driven by diffusion in angular momentum space into the loss cone of the black hole and the rate scales with the total number of particles as (dN/dt) alpha Nb, where b is as large as 0.83. This is significantly steeper than the expected scaling (d N/dt) ln (N) derived from simplest energy relaxation arguments. Only a relatively modest dependence of the tidal disruption rate on the mass of the SMBH is found and we discuss our results in the context of the Ms relation. The number of disrupted stars contributes a significant part to the mass growth of black holes in the lower mass range as long as a significant part of the stellar mass becomes swallowed by the SMBH. This also bears direct consequences for the search and existence of intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters. For SMBHs similar to the galactic centre black hole Sgr A, a tidal disruption rate of 55 +/- 27 events Myr-1 is deduced. Finally relaxation-driven stellar feeding cannot account for the masses of massive black holes M= 10(7) M(circle dot) in complete agreement with conventional gas accretion and feedback models.
Prenatal THC Exposure Induces Sex-Dependent Neuropsychiatric Endophenotypes in Offspring and Long-Term Disruptions in Fatty-Acid Signaling Pathways Directly in the Mesolimbic Circuitry

Abstract Despite increased prevalence of maternal cannabis use, little is understood regarding potential long-term effects of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) on neurodevelopmental outcomes. While neurodevelopmental cannabis exposure increases the risk of developing affective/mood disorders in adulthood, the precise neuropathophysiological mechanisms in male and female offspring are largely unknown. Given the interconnectivity of the endocannabinoid (ECb) system and the brain’s fatty acid pathways, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may dysregulate fetal neurodevelopment through alterations of fatty-acid dependent synaptic and neuronal function in the mesolimbic system. To investigate this, pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to vehicle or THC (3 mg/kg) from gestational day (GD)7 until GD22. Anxiety-like, depressive-like, and reward-seeking behavior, electrophysiology, and molecular assays were performed on adult male/female offspring. Imaging of fatty acids using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) was performed at prepubescence and adulthood. We report that PCE induces behavioral, neuronal, and molecular alterations in the mesolimbic system in male and female offspring, resembling neuropsychiatric endophenotypes. Additionally, PCE resulted in profound dysregulation of critical fatty acid pathways in the developing brain lipidome. Female progeny exhibited significant alterations to fatty acid levels at prepubescence but recovered from these deficits by early adulthood. In contrast, males exhibited persistent fatty acid deficits into adulthood. Moreover, both sexes maintained enduring abnormalities in glutamatergic/GABAergic function in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These findings identify several novel long-term risks of maternal cannabis use and demonstrate for the first time, sex-related effects of maternal cannabinoid exposure directly in the developing neural lipidome.
Racial Disparities in Pulse Oximeter Device Inaccuracy and Estimated Clinical Impact on COVID-19 Treatment Course

Abstract Arterial blood oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) may be differentially less accurate for people with darker skin pigmentation, which could potentially affect COVID-19 treatment course. We analyzed pulse oximeter accuracy and association with COVID-19 treatment outcomes using electronic health record (EHR) data from Sutter Health, a large, mixed-payer, integrated healthcare delivery system in northern California, United States (US). We analyzed two cohorts: (1) 43,753 concurrent arterial blood gas (ABG) oxygen saturation (SaO2)/SpO2 measurement pairs taken January 2020-February 2021 for Non-Hispanic white (NHW) or Non-Hispanic Black/African American (NHB) adults, and (2) 8,735 adults who went to the emergency department (ED) with COVID-19 July 2020-February 2021. Pulse oximetry systematically overestimated blood oxygenation by 1% more in NHB individuals than in NHW individuals. For people with COVID-19, this was associated with lower admission probability (-3.1 percentage-points), dexamethasone treatment (-3.1 percentage-points), and supplemental oxygen treatment (-4.5 percentage-points), as well as increased time-to-treatment: +37.2 minutes before dexamethasone initiation and +278.5 minutes before initiation of supplemental oxygen. These results call for additional investigation of pulse oximeters, and suggest that current guidelines for development, testing, and calibration of these devices should be revisited, investigated, and revised.
The Case for Multidimensional Co-Parenting Behaviors as Sources of Chronic Stress: Understanding Pathways to Mental Health Symptomology Among Divorced and Separating Adults

The co-parenting relationship matters for postdivorce parental adjustment. This study explores the relative impact of different forms of co-parenting behaviors, coupled with an individual’s psychological resources, in explaining parent mental health in recently divorced or separated parents (n = 355). A latent variable structural equation model was fit to examine pathways between dimensions of co-parenting (support, overt conflict, self-controlled covert conflict, and externally controlled covert conflict), various psychological resources (satisfaction with the divorce decree, perceived competence of the co-parent, and self-efficacy), and adverse mental health symptomology. Significant direct pathways were identified between overt co-parenting conflict and adverse mental health. Indicators of co-parenting quality were tied differentially to various resources. Indirect effects were found for both self-controlled covert conflict and overt conflict on adverse mental health symptomology through self-efficacy. Leverage points and considerations for health professionals and practitioners working with divorcing parents are discussed.
Galactic centre star formation writ large in gamma-rays

We have modelled the high-energy astrophysics of the inner 200 pc of the Galaxy with a view to explaining the diffuse, broad-band (radio continuum to TeV gamma-ray), non-thermal signal detected from this region. Our modelling pins down the ISM parameters for the environment wherein cosmic ray (CR) electrons and ions reside in the Galactic centre (GC). We find that the magnetic field in this region is 100-300 microG, the gas density 200 km/s) 'super'-wind acts to remove > 95% of the cosmic rays accelerated in the region before they have time to lose their energy in situ. The ~ 10^39 erg/s carried away by the GC cosmic ray protons is precisely enough to energise the ~GeV gamma-ray emission from the Fermi 'bubbles' recently found to extend north and south of the GC out to distances of ~10 kpc, provided that the bubbles constitute thick targets to the GC protons and that the situation has reached steady state. In such a situation of 'saturation' the hard, uniform spectrum of the bubbles are explained and secondary electron synchrotron explains the non-thermal microwave emission found in WMAP data mirroring the bubbles. Given the very low density of the bubble plasma ( 5 Gyr. Our scenario thus has the startling implication that a GC source of nonthermal particles of time-averaged power 10^39 erg/s has persisted since the youth of the Galaxy.
The {phi}(1020)a{sub 0}(980) S-wave scattering and hints for a new vector-isovector resonance

We have studied the {phi}(1020)a{sub 0}(980) S-wave scattering at threshold energies employing chiral Lagrangians coupled to vector mesons by minimal coupling. The interaction is described without new free parameters by considering the scalar isovector a{sub 0}(980) resonance as dynamically generated in coupled channels and demanding that the recently measured e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}{phi}(1020)f{sub 0}(980) cross section is reproduced. For some values of a parameter obtained by fitting the latter reaction cross section, and taking the a{sub 0}(980) pole position and residues from two previous studies, the presence of a dynamically generated isovector companion of the Y(2175) is revealed. We have also investigated the corrections to the e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}{phi}(1020){pi}{sup 0}{eta} cross section that arise from {phi}(1020)a{sub 0}(980) rescattering in the final state. They are large and lead to considerable modifications of the cross section in absolute value and energy dependence. Moreover, when a {phi}(1020)a{sub 0}(980) resonance is present, it shows up as a clear resonant peak at {radical}(s){approx}2.03 GeV in e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}{phi}(1020){pi}{sup 0}{eta} from the {phi}(1020)a{sub 0}(980) final-state interactions.
Risk Factors for Ocular Complications and Visual Loss in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-associated Uveitis at a Turkish Tertiary Ophthalmology and Pediatric Rheumatology Referral Center

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the rates of ocular complications and visual loss and their risk factors in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) -associated uveitis Methods Medical records of 51 patients were reviewed. Results The incidence of visual loss to the 20/50 or worse was found to be 0026/ eye-year (EY) in the present study. Cataract and ocular hypertension occurred during the follow-up period and were significantly associated with visual acuity loss to 20/50 or worse (p = .008, HR 11.932, 95% CI 1.915–74.355; p = .03, HR 7.323, 95% CI 1.216–44.110, respectively). Anti-TNF therapy was initiated in 88.2% of our cases and 93.3% of them achieved uveitis inactivity. Conclusion The risk of vision loss is higher in patients with JIA-associated uveitis who had complications at presentation. We attribute the lower complication rates and better visual outcomes in our study to the early and frequent use of biologic agents.
Mycoprotein ingestion within or without its wholefood matrix results in equivalent stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in resting and exercised muscle of young men

Abstract Ingestion of mycoprotein stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) rates to a greater extent than concentrated milk protein when matched for leucine content, potentially attributable to the wholefood nature of mycoprotein. We hypothesised that bolus ingestion of mycoprotein as part of its wholefood matrix would stimulate MPS rates to a greater extent compared with a leucine-matched bolus of protein concentrated from mycoprotein. Twenty-four healthy young (age, 21 ± 2 years; BMI, 24 ± 3 kg.m2) males received primed, continuous infusions of L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine and completed a bout of unilateral resistance leg exercise before ingesting either 70 g mycoprotein (MYC; 31·4 g protein, 2·5 g leucine; n 12) or 38·2 g of a protein concentrate obtained from mycoprotein (PCM; 28·0 g protein, 2·5 g leucine; n 12). Blood and muscle samples (vastus lateralis) were taken pre- and (4 h) post-exercise/protein ingestion to assess postabsorptive and postprandial myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rates (FSR) in resting and exercised muscle. Protein ingestion increased plasma essential amino acid and leucine concentrations (P < 0·0001), but more rapidly (both 60 v. 90 min; P < 0·0001) and to greater magnitudes (1367 v. 1346 μmol·l–1 and 298 v. 283 μmol·l–1, respectively; P < 0·0001) in PCM compared with MYC. Protein ingestion increased myofibrillar FSR (P < 0·0001) in both rested (MYC, Δ0·031 ± 0·007 %·h–1 and PCM, Δ0·020 ± 0·008 %·h–1) and exercised (MYC, Δ0·057 ± 0·011 %·h–1 and PCM, Δ0·058 ± 0·012 %·h–1) muscle, with no differences between conditions (P > 0·05). Mycoprotein ingestion results in equivalent postprandial stimulation of resting and post-exercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates irrespective of whether it is consumed within or without its wholefood matrix.