Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dietary Pine Cone Meal on Egg Production, Egg Quality, Serum Cholesterol and Cholesterol Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Egg Yolk in Laying Hens

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary pine cone meal on egg production, egg quality, serum cholesterol and cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens. The total of 252 (51-wks) Hy-line brown commercial hens were used for 5 weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) T1 (basal diet + 1% cottonwood sawdust), 2) T2 (basal diet + 0.5% cottonwood sawdust + 0.5% pine cone meal) and 3) T3 (basal diet + 1% pine cone meal). During the overall period, there was no significant difference in egg production, egg weight and egg quality among the treatments. Lipids profile(total, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride) in serum was not affected by treatments. Egg yolk cholesterol was not significantly different among the treatments. In fatty acid contents of yolk, C18:3 was higher in T1 treatment than T3 treatment(P
VARIATION IN THE COMPOSITION OF MILK PROTEIN FROM PASTURE-FED DAIRY COWS IN LATE LACTATION AND THE EFFECT OF GRAIN AND SILAGE SUPPLEMENTATION

Abstract Sources of variation in milk protein composition were determined after approximately 203 days‐in‐milk for spring‐calving Friesian cows grazing ryegrass‐white clover pastures in New Zealand. Three groups each of 15 multiparous cows were managed as separate herds. Each herd was subjected to one of three management strategies: pasture only, pasture supplemented with 2–3 kg cow 1 d−1 maize grain, and pasture plus 5–6 kg cow−1 d−1 maize grain and 3–4 kg cow−1 d−1 pasture silage. During a 3‐week period beginning in February 1994, milk samples were collected twice‐weekly from individual cows and the detailed protein composition determined. Variation was observed in milk yield and the concentrations of all protein components measured, with between‐cow variation being greater than within‐cow variation for all parameters except non‐protein N and urea. Supplementing pasture with maize grain and/or silage increased milk yield but had only minor effects on protein composition. These data will enable increased.
Boys in the hood: a study of academic resilience among a group of at-risk, high-achieving, African American males in a southern California school district

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to investigate the perceptions of high achieving, at risk African American male students from 3 Southern California urban high school with regards to (a) the factors that make them at-risk for poor academic achievement, (b) the protective factors that contribute to their resilience and academic success, (c) the characteristics that best describe their resiliency, and (d) what can parents, school and school employees, and the community can do to increase the academic achievement of urban at-risk African American males. More specifically, this study examined the environmental risks that confront the Black males participating in this study, evidence of resilience in light of the risk faced, and explanations for the observed adaptation, and implications for educating young African American males. This qualitative study collected data from high achieving, at-risk, urban AfricanAmerican high school males. A total of 11 9 -12 grade, African-American males participated in semi-structured interviews and a focus group interview. The semi-structured interviews consisted of 19 questions and the focus group interview consisted of 3 questions. Four conclusions were drawn from the findings of this study. First, it takes a network of supportive individuals to promote academic success among at-risk, urban African American males. Second, extracurricular programs were integral in promoting academic resilience for atrisk, urban African-American males. Third, the church was a contributing factor in fostering their academic success. Fourth, the participants possessed a unique set of personality traits, beliefs and temperament that has led to their academic success. Based on the findings of this current study, it is recommended that parents or guardians seek out opportunities to be involved in their child’s education, schools focus on ways to
Intra- and intergeneric similarities of the Bordetella ribosomal ribonucleic acid cistrons: proposal for a new family, Alcaligenaceae

Hybridization experiments were carried out between 3H-labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Bordetella bronchiseptica NCTC 452T (T = type strain), 14C-labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Alcaligenes faecalis NCIB 8156T, or 14C-labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans ATCC 15173T and deoxyribonucleic acids from various strains of Bordetella, Alcaligenes and other taxa. A numerical analysis of phenotypic features was also done. The genera Bordetella and Alcaligenes are very closely related, which warrants the proposal of a new family, the Alcaligenaceae.
The trend to earlier birch pollen seasons in the U.K.: A biotic response to changes in weather conditions?

Records of the start of Birch pollen seasons monitored at three sites in the UK for periods of up to forty two years indicate a recent trend for the pollen seasons to begin earlier. This trend shows a close relationship to an increase in cumulative temperatures in the months of January, February and March recorded near each of the sites during the study period.
CD4+ T Cells but Not CD8+ or γδ+ Lymphocytes Are Required for Host Protection against Mycobacterium avium Infection and Dissemination through the Intestinal Route

ABSTRACT Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection is common in AIDS patients that do not receive anti-AIDS therapy and in patients for whom therapy fails. M. avium is commonly acquired by ingestion, and a large number of AIDS patients have M. avium in their intestinal tracts. To better understand the dynamics of the infection in patients with AIDS, we studied orally infected mice. To determine if immunocompetent mice challenged orally with M. avium can develop protection against the infection, and if so, which cell population(s) is responsible for the protection, we exposed wild-type as well as CD4−/−, CD8−/−, and γδ−/− knockout mice to low concentrations of M. avium strain 101 given orally, followed by treatment with azithromycin. After 1 month, the mice were challenged with kanamycin-resistant M. avium 104. Only CD4+ T cells appeared to be required for protection against the second challenge. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produced comparable amounts of gamma interferon after the first exposure to the bacterium. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was elevated in CD4+ T cells but not in CD8+ T cells. Following exposure to a small inoculum of mycobacteria orally, wild-type mice did not develop disseminated infection for approximately 4 months, although viable bacteria could be observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The ingestion of small numbers of M. avium cells induces a protective immune response in the intestines against subsequent infection. However, the bacteria remain viable in intestinal lymph nodes and might disseminate later.
Seasonal arrival patterns of juvenile freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) in New Zealand

Abstract The arrival season of glass eels of both New Zealand species of freshwater eel, the short‐finned eel (Anguilla australis (Richardson)) and the longfmned eel (A. dieffenbachii (Gray)), was studied by electric fishing of 13 streams/rivers throughout east and west coasts of both North and South Islands at 14‐day intervals. Sites were usually located at the most downstream riffle exposed at low tide, and sampled by single‐pass electro fishing. The species composition was dominated by shortfins, with exceptions being west coast sites, one in the North Island and two in the South Island. From a comparison of species proportions in adjacent catchments, it was concluded that glass eels make choices about entry in particular water‐types. As the stage of pigmentation advanced during the arrival season, “early stage” glass eels were defined and densities of these compared to show seasonal arrival patterns—densities were generally low in August, highest in September‐October, and declined during November‐Dece.
Grau de compactação, propriedades físicas e rendimento de culturas em Latossolo e Argissolo

The objective of this work was to evaluate soil physical parameters and soybean (Glycine max) and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) yields as affected by the degree of compactness of an Oxisol and Alfisol. For the two soils, soil macroporosity, soil penetration resistance (PR), degree of compaction (DC), height and yield of the crops were determined, while for Alfisol saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kqs) was also evaluated. As the DC increases, there is a linear reduction in macroporosity and in Kqs and an increase in PR. Values of DC corresponding to the critical values of macroporosity and PR depend on soil. In the Oxisol, critical values of macroporosity and PR are reached with a smaller DC than in the Alfisol. An intermediate DC in the Oxisol is favorable to the soybean, and the optimum DC for soybean is 86%. To define an optimum DC for soybean and black bean in the Alfisol was not possible due to high levels of soil compaction in this soil.
Effects of food supplementation on home‐range size, reproductive success, productivity and recruitment in a small population of Iberian lynx

In a conservation context, food supplementation is a management tool used to reverse the decline of food‐limited populations by means of positive changes in behaviour and fitness that may be reflected in population parameters. The critically endangered Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus has suffered a dramatic decline primarily because of the severe drop of its main prey, the European wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus. To reverse this situation, a food supplementation programme has been implemented in Doñana, south‐west Spain, since 2002. In this study, we assess the utility of providing artificial food to reduce home‐range (HR) size, and to increase productivity, survival and recruitment in a scenario of low lynx density, as compared with reference data from the same population in the absence of extra food. Food supplementation produced a significant contraction of core areas, but not of complete lynx HRs. We did not detect any significant change in productivity or dispersal rates, but supplementation could have helped transient adult lynx to settle down. The positive effects of food supplementation may have been partly countered by factors such as inbreeding, Allee effects and disease outbreaks, whose effects may have been exacerbated in this small lynx population. Food supplementation, however, proved useful to retain individuals, to keep range sizes within their normal range of values, thus maintaining spatial organization, and to allow lynx reproduction and kitten survival in areas with very low prey density. Therefore, we recommend keeping an extensive and intensive supplementary feeding programme until the density of wild rabbits will enable the viability of this endangered lynx population.
Recent changes in the taxonomy of lactic acid bacteria

The taxonomy of lactobacilli is well established and has been discussed in detail in Volume 2 of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology by Kandler and Weiss [1]. The genus Lactobacillus comprises about 50 species that can be arranged in three groups. The obligately homofermentative lactobacilli form the first group. They ferment hexoses almost exclusively to lactic acid, whereas pentoses or gluconate are not fermented. Typical representatives are L. acidophilus, L. delbrfickii and L. helveticus. The second group contains facultatively heterofermentative lactobacilli. They also ferment hexoses almost exclusively to lactic acid, but in addition, they are able to form lactic acid and acetic acid from pentoses by an inducible phosphoketolase. Typical representatives are L. casei, L. plantarum and L. sake. The third group consists of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli that ferment hexoses to lactic acid, acetic acid/ethanol and carbon dioxide. The production of gas from hexoses is a characteristic feature of these organisms. Typical representatives are L. bifermentans, L. brevis and L. fermenturn.
First Korean report of powdery mildew on Tropaeolum majus

Garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) is a herbaceous plant with beautiful red flowers, native to South America. In Korea it is widely planted as an ornamental in pots and flower beds. In October 2008, several plants showing typical symptoms of powdery mildew were found in Yongin, Korea. The disease usually started as chlorotic leaf lesions without definite margins, which later developed into necrotic angular leaf spots with definite margins (Fig. 1). Even with weak infections, the plants often detract from the beauty of glossy leaves. The whitish fungal structures appeared on the abaxial leaf surface (Fig. 2A). Mild infection on the flower, causing chlorotic discoloration, was also noticed. A voucher specimen was deposited in Korea University herbarium (KUS-F23743). Observations on the light microscope (Zeiss AX10 and Olympus BX51) revealed that mycelium is predominantly endophytic with the presence of conidiophores emerging through stomatal openings (Fig. 2B). The conidiophores were hyaline, cylindrical, 160-320× 4.5-6 μm, simple or occasionally branched one or two times at random positions, producing conidia singly, followed by 2-3 straight cells (Fig. 2B). Conidia were dimorphic, with primary conidia navicular, 60-82×15-25 μm, and secondary conidia oblongelliptical to cylindric, 54-90×14-20 μm; both hyaline, occasionally seen as pale brownish or greenish due to dense cytoplasm, lacking distinct fibrosin bodies, with angular/reticulated wrinkling of outer wall (Fig. 2CD Farr and Rossman, 2009). To our knowledge, however, this is the first record as a pathogen of T. majus in Korea. Occurrence of powdery mildew on T. majus, as far as we observed, was restricted to the pot-grown plants which were placed in poor lighting condition in Yongin. No infections were found in the plants growing in outdoor flower beds, in spite of careful observations in several localities including Yangpyeong. Therefore it is highly recommended to avoid powdery mildew infections that garden nasturtium should be grown in sunny, well-ventilated nursery. Nevertheless, powdery mildew infection on garden nasturtium is a potential threat for safe production of seedlings in nursery business.
QUALITY OF ANIMAL AND HUMAN LIFE AS AFFECTED BY SELENIUM MANAGEMENT OF SOILS AND CROPS

Nutrient management of soils and crops affects the quality of crops with respect to their selenium (Se) and other mineral composition. A number of world regions are deficient in Se to meet the needs of animals and humans. In general, soils containing less than 0.6 mg Se kg−1 and crops containing less than 0.1 mg kg−1 are considered deficient for animals and humans. Areas receiving sulfur fertilization contain low Se because sulfur interferes with Se uptake by plants. Principal Se responsive diseases in animals can be divided in to four groups: Musculoskeletal (white muscle disease and neonatal weakness), reproductive (retained placentae and abortions), gastrointestinal (diarrhea and ill thrift), and immunologic (immune system deficits). Human pathology reflects these animal disease states. Specific immune, reproductive, neurologic, and cardiac disorders are found in humans deficient in Se. Additionally, certain cancers and chronic diseases appear to be related to Se in the human diet. A higher Se status in humans has proven beneficial in specific disease states such as pediatric cardiomyopathy and viral hepatitis. Selenium fertilization of soil, Se application as a foliar spray or seed treatment with Se at 10 g Se ha−1 applied as selenate results in crops sufficiently enriched with Se, for one year, to protect against Se deficiency. Selcote® ultra (CropCare Holdings Ltd., Richmond, New Zealand) at 10 g Se ha−1 provides a longer residual effect with adequate Se levels in most crops for up to two years. Although there are other methods of overcoming Se deficiency but crop enrichment and consumption of crop products containing Se in organic form is more bio available.
Activity pattern of Atlantic Forest small arboreal mammals as revealed by camera traps

Even though the great majority of the biomass and diversity of mammals in tropical forests inhabit the canopy (Eisenberg & Thorington 1973), most knowledge of this group is based on forest-floor samples (Lowman & Moffett 1993). Studies that include trapping efforts in the canopy are becoming increasingly common (Grelle 2003, Lambert et al. 2005, Malcolm 1995, Patton et al. 2000, Vieira & Monteiro-Filho 2003, Voss et al. 2001), but aspects on the ecology of arboreal small mammals still remain poorly understood. Many species of non-flying mammals co-occur in the canopy and, thus, are expected to use niche dimensions differently to permit coexistence (Cameron et al. 1979). Despite the difficulties of access to and in understanding the three-dimensional use of the arboreal strata by the different species (Emmons 1995), some studies have demonstrated that the differential use of the habitat (Cunha & Vieira 2002, Gentile & Fernandez 1999), of food items (Cáceres et al. 2002, Santori et al. 1995) or both (Leite et al. 1996, Mauffrey & Catzeflis 2003), include strategies involved in the division of resources.
Satisfaction Perceptions Differences of Customers of Banks in Saudi Arabia Based on Gender

Aims: This study analyzes the effect of demographic factors on different modes of banking, viz., Branch Banking, On-line banking, ATM Banking and Phone Banking for both male and female customers separately. It also identifies the characteristics affecting the satisfaction perceptions of customers of banks in Saudi Arabia. Study Design: This study was based on a questionnaire survey. Methodology: The sampling frame for the study consisted of traditional male bank users and female women-only bank users in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 220 male and 279 female bank users (using women-only banks) were randomly selected and data was collected by meeting the customers face to face. The data collected were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results: The study revealed that male customers in lower age group have higher satisfaction with on-line, ATM and phone banking. Male customers working in public and private sectors have higher satisfaction with on-line and ATM banking. Male customers with bachelor’s degree and below are more satisfied with phone banking. Male customers in higher income groups have higher satisfaction with all modes of banking. Female customers below 25 years have lesser satisfaction with phone banking. Original Research Article Aljasser and Sasidhar; BJEMT, 7(4): 279-287, 2015; Article no.BJEMT. 2015.090 280 Conclusion: The effects of demographic characteristics which affect different modes of banking for males using traditional banks and females using women-only banks have been brought out. This study provides the bank executives with insights into the kinds of service customers find most appropriate for their banking needs.
Distribution and abundance of stomach nematodes (Anisakidae) among grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Nous avons identifie en l'estomac des phoques gris par ordre decroissant d'abondance, Contracaecum osculatum, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Anisakis simplex et Phocascaris spp. Pseudoterranova decipiens et C. osculatum etaient tous deux plus nombreux que lors d'etudes anterieures dans le golfe du St-Laurent, et C. osculatum ainsi qu'A. simplex etaient plus nombreux dans le nord du golfe qu'ailleurs dans l'est du Canada. L'abondance de Pseudoterranova decipiens augmentait, tandis que celles de C. osculatum, d'A. simplex et de Phocascaris spp. diminuaient selon un axe nord-sud dans le golfe. La presence de nematodes adultes etait frequente chez Pseudoterranova decipiens et Phocascaris spp. et rare chez C. osculatum et A. simplex. Chez les phoques de l'Ile d'Anticosti, l'abondance de Pseudoterranova decipiens a diminue alors que celles de C. osculatum et de Phocascaris spp. ont augmente entre 1988 et 1992. Les valeurs d'abondance de Pseudoterranova decipiens et de C. osculatum augmentaient avec l'âge des phoques en 1988 et en 1992. Il n'y a pas d'evidence de deplacement de Pseudoterranova decipiens par C. osculatum. Les quatre memes parasites etaient presents chez les phoques du Groenland (Phoca groenlandica), C. osculatum demontrant une augmentation de son abondance depuis les releves precedents. L'abondance et la prevalence de Pseudoterranova decipiens sont faibles (3,4 et 33%, respectivement) et peu sont matures. Le phoque du Groenland n'est pas considere comme un hote important pour Pseudoterranova decipiens dans cette region. Les variations temporelles et spatiales en abondance de Pseudoterranova decipiens et de C. osculatum dans le golfe du Saint-Laurent sont attribuees a une augmentation des populations des phoques et, simultanement, a une dimunition de la temperature moyenne de l'eau.
Pyruvate oxidase activity dependent on thiamine pyrophosphate, flavin adenine dinucleotide and orthophosphate in Streptococcus sanguis

Oxygen uptake by Streptococcus sanguis ATCC10556 in the presence of pyruvate was studied. In permeabilized cells pyruvate oxidase activity dependent on thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and orthophosphate was demonstrated. The activity was ten times higher in cells grown aerobically than in cells grown anaerobically. Acetyl phosphate was a product, and 1.1 mol of acetyl phosphate was formed per mol of oxygen taken up. No pyruvate dehydrogenase activity dependent on NAD, coenzyme A (CoA) and TPP was detected.
Effects of temperature, leaf wetness and cultivar on the latent period of Mycosphaerella graminicola on winter wheat

After inoculation of winter wheat cv. Longbow at a single time, lesions of M. graminicola were produced over a long interval starting 15–35 days after inoculation, dependent on temperature. There was no evidence that a single infection gave rise to more than one lesion. After the initial infection period at 100% relative humidity (r.h.), keeping leaves wet for c. 10 h per day did not shorten latent period on seedlings. Experiments in controlled-environment chambers demonstrated a minimum latent period at approximately 17°C Variation in the latent period of individual lesions was also minimum at this temperature. The latent period varied among the cultivars tested, cv. Longbow having the shortest, cv. Avalon having almost the longest. Field observations broadly confirmed the results of experiments in constant-environment chambers.
Aspects of reproductive biology and ecology of Coenagrion mercuriale at its southern range margin

Coenagrion mercuriale is a threatened damselfly in most parts of its geographic distribution. It is listed as endangered in North Africa, where no data on its biology or ecology are available. This study aims to illustrate the reproductive behaviour and habitat preferences of adults in a population located in north-east Algeria, representing the southern limit of the species distribution. After emergence, adults spent 3 to 4 days away from the water to mature. Young mature individuals returned to the stream to mate, sometimes not far from their emergence site. The mean duration of copulation and oviposition were 20.08 ± 8.79 min (± SD) and 52.66 ± 12.17 min (± SD), respectively, separated by a short post-copulatory rest of 4.60 ± 2.02 min (± SD). Copulation duration was positively correlated with male body length while resting duration was positively related to copulation duration. Single males and breeding pairs preferred the same habitats, characterized by relatively dense and high in-channel bank vegetation, and a quite large stream bed, with a substrate which mainly consisted of clay and silt. A comparison of the reproductive behaviour and habitat preferences with a population located in the northern limit of the distribution range is presented and discussed.