Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Child Maltreatment Prevention Landscape: Where Are We Now, and Where Should We Go?

Child maltreatment calls for a broad range of preventative policies and practices, but limited governmental funding and leadership has been devoted to the problem. Effective strategies to prevent maltreatment exist, but they have had limited uptake in the child welfare system. In this article, we trace how government responsibility for the prevention of child maltreatment became centered within the nation’s child protection response. Further, we discuss developments in prevention science, review the existing literature on the effectiveness of a range of prevention strategies, and present a public health approach to prevention. The article concludes with a set of recommendations to inform future efforts to prevent child maltreatment through approaches that seek to expand capacity for the implementation of evidence-based prevention programs, while addressing the adverse community experiences that exacerbate risk for child maltreatment.
Water Content in Biodiesel, Diesel, and Biodiesel–Diesel Blends

Biodiesel has a higher affinity toward moisture content than petroleum diesel, and the water retaining capacity of biodiesel is higher than diesel. The water content in fuels can be classified in free, emulsionated, and soluble water. High water content in biodiesel and diesel can cause problems such as water accumulation and microbial growth in fuel tanks and transportation equipment. Currently, there is a lack of information on water absorbance in biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blends. Experiments were conducted to determine the water absorbance of biodiesel and biodiesel–diesel fuel blends evaluating the temperature and blend ratio parameters. Soluble water in biodiesel ranged from (1500 to 1980) mg·kg–1 in the temperature range of (283.15 to 323.15) K, which was 10 to 15 times higher than diesel. Results also showed that, at constant relative humidities, biodiesel absorbed 6.5 times more moisture than diesel. The presence of free and/or emulsionated water in biodiesel and blends was determined through.
Nostalgia and Biculturalism: How Host-Culture Nostalgia Fosters Bicultural Identity Integration

Individuals who have been exposed to and internalized two cultures vary in the degree to which they perceive their cultural identities as compatible (bicultural identity integration; BII). An experiment tested whether nostalgia, an emotion that is prevalent among bicultural individuals, influences BII and does so via acculturation orientation toward the host culture. Participants were originally from Greece, living in other European countries. We instructed them to recall nostalgic or ordinary events either from their host country or home country. We then assessed acculturation orientation and BII. We hypothesized and found that host-nostalgia increased BII both directly and indirectly via a more positive acculturation orientation toward the host culture. The findings extend the literature on factors that facilitate BII, and showcase the potential of nostalgia to improve biculturality.
Role of methyl group number on SOA formation from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons photooxidation under low-NO x conditions

Abstract. Substitution of methyl groups onto the aromatic ring determines the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon precursor (SOA yield and chemical composition). This study links the number of methyl groups on the aromatic ring to SOA formation from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons photooxidation under low-NOx conditions (HC/NO > 10 ppbC : ppb). Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with increasing numbers of methyl groups are systematically studied. SOA formation from pentamethylbenzene and hexamethylbenzene are reported for the first time. A decreasing SOA yield with increasing number of methyl groups is observed. Linear trends are found in both f44 vs. f43 and O / C vs. H / C for SOA from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with zero to six methyl groups. An SOA oxidation state predictive method based on benzene is used to examine the effect of added methyl groups on aromatic oxidation under low-NOx conditions. Further, the impact of methyl group number on density and volatility of SOA from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is explored. Finally, a mechanism for methyl group impact on SOA formation is suggested. Overall, this work suggests that, as more methyl groups are attached on the aromatic ring, SOA products from these monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons become less oxidized per mass/carbon on the basis of SOA yield or chemical composition.
Developments in the HRM–Performance Research stream: The mediation studies

Testing Human Resource Management (HRM)’s effect on organisational performance has been a core part of HRM research over the past 25 years. Whereas pioneering studies in the field neglected the mechanisms explaining this relationship, treating it as a ‘black box’, in the last decade the focus has been on examining the mediators of this relationship. Most recently, a series of reviews has been more critical of the field, particularly highlighting its diversity and underplaying of employee involvement, a concern central to its inception. This paper assesses these mediation studies in the light of these concerns, which provide criteria by which I summarise them and assess the extent to which they have advanced the field. The analysis demonstrates that the main problems of the black-box studies remain: the misalignment of the use of additive indexes and the theory of synergistic relationships, confusion over analysis methods, inadequate justification of the selection of practices in the empirical investigations, and under-representation of employee involvement. The researchers continue to present the field as a unified one. However, since the majority of studies are centred on high-performance work systems, there is a clear schism across them between these studies and those centred on high-involvement management. The paper reinforces the importance of this distinction, on the basis that a high-performance work system is a technology, a set of sophisticated personnel practices, whereas high-involvement management is a managerial philosophy or orientation towards fostering employee involvement. The paper concludes by suggesting ways of overcoming the recurring problems in HRM–performance research, and how these vary between the two perspectives.
Fitting latent growth models with small sample sizes and non-normal missing data

This study investigates the performance of robust maximum likelihood (ML) estimators when fitting and evaluating small sample latent growth models with non-normal missing data. Results showed that the robust ML methods could be used to account for non-normality even when the sample size is very small (e.g., N < 100). Among the robust ML estimators, “MLR” was the optimal choice, as it was found to be robust to both non-normality and missing data while also yielding more accurate standard error estimates and growth parameter coverage. However, the choice “MLMV” produced the most accurate p values for the χ2 test statistic under conditions studied. Regarding the goodness of fit indices, as sample size decreased, all three fit indices studied (i.e., comparative fit index, root mean square error of approximation, and standardized root mean square residual) exhibited worse fit. When the sample size was very small (e.g., N < 60), the fit indices would imply that a proposed model fit poorly, when this might not be actually the case in the population.
MiR-21-5p Induces Pyroptosis in Colorectal Cancer via TGFBI

Pyroptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in eukaryotic cells that has garnered increasing attention in cancer-related research. Moreover, although miR-21 has been reported as abnormally expressed in colorectal cancer, due to a lack of in-depth research on the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of miR-21, its clinical usage remains limited. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, to compare the clinical manifestations and laboratory phenotypes associated with miR-21-3p and miR-21-5p. Morphologically, the transfection of miR-21-3p or miR-21-5p inhibitors, as well as miR-21-5p mimics into HCT-116 and HT-29 cell lines, induced cell death. Surprisingly, overexpression of miR-21-5p induced cell death more strongly than its knockdown. Mechanistic studies of miR-21-5p overexpression revealed that various inflammatory factors including IL-1β and IL-18 were released, while pyroptosis-associated mRNAs were upregulated and proteins were activated. Moreover, miR-21-5p was found to act as a downstream factor to significantly and directly regulate transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFB1). Specifically, miR-21-5p overexpression caused downregulation of TGFBI, which may have led to pyroptosis. Collectively, we revealed that miR-21-5p induces pyroptosis in colorectal cancer via TGFBI regulation, thereby providing important mechanistic insights into its antitumor effects and expanding its potential for clinical applications.
Property rights’ emergence in illicit drug markets

Governance rules are efficient mechanisms in the sense that they increase people’s welfare. They emerge even when the state is unable or refuses to create and enforce them. We study a situation in which this demand for governance manifests itself through the emergence of property rights in illicit drug markets: a privately-provided governance. Specifically, we propose a model for property rights emergence in illicit drug markets as predicted by the theory on governance provided by prison gangs. It is studied a situation in which an agreement among criminals, resembling property rights enforceability on its allocative effect, can emerge in illicit drug markets. Our Mechanism Design approach shows that a change inside the prison system, from a competitive environment to the hegemony of a group of criminals, implies the equilibrium in illicit markets to shift from warfare to peace: the hegemonic group is shown to desire to promote the collusive agreement when it is able to do so. This contrasts with the equilibrium under no hegemony, in which the possibility to conquer consumers/territories drives violence up to a positive level. The novel empirical perspective implied by the model is explored using data from Brazil, a context for which the theory of governance provided by prison gangs has been pointed as a key explanation.
Notch Signaling in B Cell Immune Responses

The Notch signaling pathway is highly evolutionarily conserved, dictating cell fate decisions and influencing the survival and growth of progenitor cells that give rise to the cells of the immune system. The roles of Notch signaling in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and in specification of T lineage cells have been well-described. Notch signaling also plays important roles in B cells. In particular, it is required for specification of marginal zone type B cells, but Notch signaling is also important in other stages of B cell development and activation. This review will focus on established and new roles of Notch signaling during B lymphocyte lineage commitment and describe the function of Notch within mature B cells involved in immune responses.
Cannabis Use and Mental Illness: Understanding Circuit Dysfunction Through Preclinical Models

Patients with a serious mental illness often use cannabis at higher rates than the general population and are also often diagnosed with cannabis use disorder. Clinical studies reveal a strong association between the psychoactive effects of cannabis and the symptoms of serious mental illnesses. Although some studies purport that cannabis may treat mental illnesses, others have highlighted the negative consequences of use for patients with a mental illness and for otherwise healthy users. As epidemiological and clinical studies are unable to directly infer causality or examine neurobiology through circuit manipulation, preclinical animal models remain a valuable resource for examining the causal effects of cannabis. This is especially true considering the diversity of constituents in the cannabis plant contributing to its effects. In this mini-review, we provide an updated perspective on the preclinical evidence of shared neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the dual diagnosis of cannabis use disorder and a serious mental illness. We present studies of cannabinoid exposure in otherwise healthy rodents, as well as rodent models of schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, and the resulting impact on electrophysiological indices of neural circuit activity. We propose a consolidated neural circuit-based understanding of the preclinical evidence to generate new hypotheses and identify novel therapeutic targets.
Complement Factor I Mutation May Contribute to Development of Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Lupus Nephritis

Objective: Renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is associated with complement overactivation and poor outcome in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). The role of genetic makeup of complement system in these patients remains to be elucidated. Methods: The clinical and laboratory characteristics of 100 patients with LN during 2010–2017 were retrospectively analyzed. LN patients with renal TMA and condition-matched LN patients without renal TMA were studied. Twenty normal subjects were also enrolled for comparison. Whole exome sequence followed by Sanger sequence was used in our study cohort. Results: Eight patients with renal TMA and eight condition-matched patients were enrolled from 100 LN patients with mean age 11.2 ± 2.0 years. Compared with condition-matched LN patients without renal TMA, LN patients with renal TMA exhibited statistically higher serum urea. Although most patients with renal TMA responded to plasma exchange, they had significantly higher relapse rate of nephritis, lower remission rate, and higher risk of end-stage renal disease and mortality. Compared with patients without renal TMA and normal subjects, those with renal TMA had significantly lower serum complement factor H (CFH) and plasma ADAMTS13 activity. Molecular analysis of all 100 patients with LN uncovered that three patients with renal TMA harbored mutations, two missense and non-sense, on CFI and CFHR2. The non-sense mutation, E302X, on CFI may impair its interaction C3b/CFH complex by loss of the heavy chain of complement factor I on simulation model. Conclusion: In addition to low serum CFH level and plasma ADAMTS13 activity, defects in genes responsible for complement regulatory proteins may contribute to the development of renal TMA in patients with LN.
Predictors of Electronic Learning Self-Efficacy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabian Universities

This study aims at describing academic self-efficacy in online learning and exploring the determinant factors of learners’ academic self-efficacy. In this cross-sectional survey-based study, 892 respondents voluntarily participated in and completed the survey. Online learning self-efficacy was assessed using an online academic self-efficacy questionnaire. The sociodemographic characteristics showed that 85% of the respondents were female, 21% were medical students, and 13% were postgraduate students. Most respondents reported insufficient self-efficacy for learning and time management, whereas 51% showed good self-efficacy for technology. When considering the study’s field, more medical students reported good self-efficacy scores for learning and technology (36% and 68%, respectively) than non-medical students (33% and 47%, respectively). Time management self-efficacy was mostly reported to be good (47%) among those with a high grade point average. The results showed that educational status, field of study, and learning satisfaction were significant predictors of self-efficacy for learning and technology (p < 0.001). Gender, academic performance, and learning satisfaction were significant predictors of self-efficacy for time management (p < 0.001). Self-efficacy can play a major role in online learning, particularly in circumstances like the sudden transformation of the educational system that has occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. An effective academic self-efficacy of learning, use of technology, and time management skills should also be emphasized. The value of this research lies in exploring the electronic learning self-efficacy and its predictor among university students. The research findings help us improve students’ academic self-efficacy to enhance the learning environment by planning new studies.
Dauricine Attenuates Spatial Memory Impairment and Alzheimer-Like Pathologies by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular amyloid plaques composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein. No effective therapy is available for this disease. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of dauricine (DAU), a benzyl tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, on AD, and found that DAU administration significantly improved cognitive impairments in 3xTg-AD mice by decreasing Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau and increasing the hippocampal ATP level. Proteomic and western blot analyses revealed that DAU treatment mainly modified the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism, such as Aco2, Ndufs1, Cox5a, and SDHB, and that of synapse-related proteins such as Syn1 and Syn2. Pathway analysis revealed that DAU modulated the tricarboxylic acid cycle, synaptic vesicle cycle, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis in 3xTg-AD mice. Our study suggests that DAU may be a potential drug for the treatment of AD.
Mapping and Assessing Green Entrepreneurial Performance: Evidence from a Vertically Integrated Organic Beverages Supply Chain

The purpose of this article is to use strategy mapping (SM) and balanced scorecard (BSC) in portraying and assessing green entrepreneurial supply chain management (GESCM) performance of a vertically integrated entrepreneurial supply chain in an Egyptian emerging market of organic beverages industry. Based on thematic literature review and qualitative research (in-depth interviews with experts, focus groups, observations, and reports’ analysis), multi-item measurement quantitative BSC scale and strategy map were proposed to measure and communicate the GESCM performance of a hierarchical chain with multiple nodes and cross-functional green practices. This article conceptually contributes to the active debate on contemporary GESCM performance measurement. It integrates the literature of green production and operations management, strategic management and entrepreneurial supply chain management (ESCM) to investigate the unexplored context of GESCM research. It empirically assesses GESCM performance of an attractive network using BSC and maps its strategy with its multidisciplinary environment-friendly practices. The GESCM performance was measured in terms of four integrated perspectives (innovative and proactive processes, learning and growth, financial gains and supply chain stakeholders’ delight). Results showed that BSC and SM are effective and efficient tools in managing the performance of a successful GESC in an emerging market. Royal Herbs’ BSC key performance indicators (KPIs), which were used in assessing a GESCM strategy, indicate improvements along the BSC’s four perspectives. Results give green entrepreneurs/manufacturers in an emerging market as Egypt a comprehensive view on how they can effectively assess/improve their GESCM performance. It draws attention to the importance of investing in GESCM practices for maintaining sustainable development in a clean business environment. It helps practitioners, academics and policymakers in Egypt to bridge the gap between theory and practice regarding GESCM performance. From an interdisciplinary perspective, it provides insights on improving the ESCM performance of the industry without harming its natural environment.
Rock Physics Based Interpretation of Seismically Derived Elastic Volumes

A rock physics based seismic interpretation workflow has been developed to extract volumetric rock properties from seismically derived P- and S-wave impedances, I p and I s . This workflow was first tested on a classic rock physics velocity-porosity model. Next, it was applied to two case studies: a carbonate and a clastic oil field. In each case study, we established rock physics models that accurately relate elastic properties to the rock’s volumetric properties, mainly the total porosity, clay content, and pore fluid. To resolve all three volumetric properties from only two inputs, I p and I s , a site-specific geology driven relation between the pore fluid and porosity was derived as a hydrocarbon identifier. In order to apply this method at the seismic spatial scale, we created a coarse-scale elastic and volumetric variables by using mathematical upscaling at the wells. By using I p and I s thus upscaled, we arrived at the accurate interpretation of the upscaled porosity, mineralogy, and water saturation both at the wells and in a simulated vertical impedance section generated by interpolation between the wells.
Translational Application of a Neuro-Scientific Multi-Modal Approach Into Forensic Psychiatric Evaluation: Why and How?

A prominent body of literature indicates that insanity evaluations, which are intended to provide influential expert reports for judges to reach a decision “beyond any reasonable doubt,” suffer from a low inter-rater reliability. This paper reviews the limitations of the classical approach to insanity evaluation and the criticisms to the introduction of neuro-scientific approach in court. Here, we explain why in our opinion these criticisms, that seriously hamper the translational implementation of neuroscience into the forensic setting, do not survive scientific scrutiny. Moreover, we discuss how the neuro-scientific multimodal approach may improve the inter-rater reliability in insanity evaluation. Critically, neuroscience does not aim to introduce a brain-based concept of insanity. Indeed, criteria for responsibility and insanity are and should remain clinical. Rather, following the falsificationist approach and the convergence of evidence principle, the neuro-scientific multimodal approach is being proposed as a way to improve reliability of insanity evaluation and to mitigate the influence of cognitive biases on the formulation of insanity opinions, with the final aim to reduce errors and controversies.
Wall material and capping effects on microlysimeter temperatures and evaporation

The microlysimeter (ML) is useful for measurements of evaporation from soil but questions persist regarding correct ML design. We studied the effects of length and wall material on evaporation and the effects of wall material and capping on ML temperatures. Cylindrical steel and plastic MLs of 10-, 20-, and 30-cm lengths and 8.8-cm o.d. were used in two field experiments on a bare Pima clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typec Torrifluvent). Steel MLs significantly understimated 8-d cumulative evaporation compared with plastic MLs for 20-cm lengths. Steel MLs conducted heat more easily and their surfaces were significantly cooler during the day and warmer at night than either plastic MLs or the adjacent field soil. Capping the bottoms with 0.6-cm-thick plastic disks caused accumulation of heat in the MLs. For plastic MLs, only the 20- and 30-cm lengths were long enough for continuous use for 9 d under our conditions. It was unclear if cumulative evaporation varied with length for steel MLs. We recommend that walls be constructed of material with low thermal conductivity and that end caps be designed to maximize thermal transfer between the soil inside and below the ML. A length of at least 30 cm is recommended if measurements are needed at the same location for several days