Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomic Characteristics of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from a District Hospital in China

Purpose The isolation rate of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is increasing, posing a challenge to clinical anti-infective therapy. This study aims to provide new insight into the genomic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli isolates recovered from a district hospital in China. Methods A total of 36 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were collected from body fluid samples from a Chinese district hospital. All isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing to identify their antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes, serotypes, sequence types, and phylogenetic relationships by BacWGSTdb 2.0 webserver. Results Among these isolates, all were resistant to cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, 24 (66.7%) were resistant to aztreonam, 16 (44.4%) were resistant to cefepime, and 15 were resistant (41.7%) to ceftazidime. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in all ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Two isolates carrying two different types of blaCTX-M genes simultaneously. The carbapenem resistance gene blaKPC-2 was detected in one (2.8%) isolate. A total of 17 sequence types (STs) were found, with ST131 accounting for the majority (n =13; 36.1%). The most common serotype was O16:H5 associated with seven ST131 strains, followed by O25:H4/ST131 (n = 5) and O75:H5/ST1193 (n = 5). Evaluation of clonal relatedness revealed that all blaCTX-M gene-carrying E. coli had a difference of SNPs range from 7 to 79,198, which could be divided into four clusters. Only 7 SNPs could be found between EC266 and EC622, indicating that they are variants of the same clonal lineage. Conclusion This study investigated the genomic characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates recovered from a district hospital in China. Continuous surveillance of ESBL-producing E. coli infections is imperative to create efficient strategies for controlling the transmission of these multi-drug resistant bacteria in clinical and community settings.
Intraductal papilloma arising in ectopic breast tissue within the axillary region

Abstract Intraductal papilloma arising within breast tissue is relatively a common pathology. However, it is rare to find a papilloma within ectopic breast tissue. To our understanding there have been only a few reports of this. Here, we present a rare case of extranodal Intraductal papilloma within axillary ectopic breast tissue.
Relationship Between Six Insulin Resistance Surrogates and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a large and growing public health problem. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to determine the association of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, TyG index with body mass index (TyG-BMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c) and metabolic score for IR (METS-IR) with NAFLD in older adults and to compare the discriminatory abilities of these six IR surrogates for NAFLD. Methods This cross-sectional study included 72,225 subjects aged ≥60 years living in Xinzheng, Henan Province, from January 2021 to December 2021. The data were collected from the annual health examination dataset. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between the six indicators and NAFLD risk. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to compare the discriminatory ability of different IR surrogates for NAFLD under the influence of potential risk factors. Results After adjusting for multiple covariates, compared with the first quintile, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the highest quintiles of TyG-BMI were the most obvious (OR:43.02, 95% CI:38.89–47.72), followed by the METS-IR (OR:34.49, 95% CI:31.41–37.95). Restricted cubic spline analysis reported that there were non-linear positive association and dose-response relationship between 6 IR surrogates and NAFLD risk. Compared with other IR-related indicators (LAP, TyG, TG/HDL-c and VAI), TyG-BMI showed the highest AUC (AUC:0.8059;95% CI:0.8025–0.8094). Additionally, METS-IR also had a high predictive performance for NAFLD, and the AUC was greater than 0.75 (AUC:0.7959;95% CI:0.7923–0.7994). Conclusion TyG-BMI and METS-IR had pronounced discrimination ability to NAFLD, which are recommended as complementary markers for the assessment of NAFLD risk both in clinic and in future epidemiological studies.
Health Care Providers’ Knowledge of Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

Background Tuberculosis-Diabetes mellitus (TB-DM) co-morbidity is a growing scourge in the world. The new approaches and interventions for TB control implemented by the Tuberculosis National Control Program (TNCP) in DRC require the involvement of health care providers for their success. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge of health care provider on different aspects of the management of TB-DM co-morbidity and to compare this knowledge according to the health care system, the type of providers and the number of years of experience. Methods Cross-sectional and analytic study was conducted in 11 health care facilities in the Lubumbashi Health District, selected by reasoned choice, and an electronic questionnaire was administered to health care providers. These providers were interviewed on the different aspects of the management of the TB-DM comorbidity. The data were presented and compared in relation to knowledge about TB, DM, and TB-DM comorbidity. Results A total of 113 providers were interviewed, predominantly males and physicians. Questions related to knowledge about DM were better answered. Doctors compared to paramedics; tertiary-level providers compared to secondary-level providers had better responses to the different questions. There is a statistically significant correlation between the level of knowledge of TB, DM and the type of health care provider, the number of years of experience. Conclusion The present study shows that there are gaps in the knowledge of our health care providers and community members on the recommendations of the DRC TB guidelines (Programme AntiTuberculeux Intégré 5: PATI 5) in general and on the management of TB-DM. It is therefore important and necessary to put in place strategies to improve this level of knowledge, which will focus on the extension of the guidelines, the awareness and the training of the stakeholders involved in the control.
Real-World Experience of Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Triple Therapy

Background Double-blind randomized controlled trials have compared patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) taking triple therapy, which can improve lung function, dyspnea, and quality of life and reduce acute exacerbation and mortality, with those taking long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting β2-agonist; however, the real-word treatment scenario may be different from that of a strict and well-designed study. The aim of our study was to assess long-term outcomes among patients with COPD who received triple therapy in real-world practice. Methods Data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 2005 and 2016 were used to identify COPD patients who were over 40 years of age with diagnosis codes 490–492, 496 (ICD-9-CM) or J41-44 (ICD-10-CM). After matching for age, sex, and COPD exacerbations, COPD patients who did and did not receive triple therapy were enrolled in this study. Cox proportional regression was used to estimate the mortality risk between smoking status and COPD patients with and without triple therapy. Results A total of 19,358 patients with COPD who did or did not receive triple therapy were enrolled in this study. The prevalence rates of some comorbidities were higher among patients with COPD who received triple therapy than among those who did not receive triple therapy. These comorbidities included lung cancer, thoracic malignancies, bronchiectasis, and heart failure. The risk of mortality was higher among patients who received triple therapy than among those who did not receive triple therapy after matching for age, sex, and COPD exacerbations, with a crude hazard ratio, fully adjusted model hazard ratio and stepwise approach reduced hazard ratio of 1.568 (95% CI, 1.500–1.639), 1.675 (95% CI, 1.596–1.757), and 1.677 (95% CI, 1.599–1.76), respectively. Conclusion Over 5 years of observation, patients with COPD who received triple therapy did not show a survival benefit compared with those who did not receive triple therapy in a real-world scenario.
Performance bounds for parameter estimates of high-dimensional linear models with correlated errors

: This paper develops a systematic theory for high-dimensional linear models with dependent errors and/or dependent covariates. To study properties of estimates of the regression parameters, we adopt the framework of functional dependence measures ([43]). For the covariates two schemes are addressed: the random design and the deterministic design. For the former we apply the constrained (cid:2) 1 minimization approach, while for the latter the Lasso estimation procedure is used. We provide a detailed characterization on how the error rates of the estimates depend on the moment conditions that control the tail behaviors, the dependencies of the underlying processes that generate the errors and the covariates, the dimension and the sample size. Our theory substantially extends earlier ones by allowing dependent and/or heavy-tailed errors and the covariates. As our main tools, we derive exponential tail probability inequalities for dependent sub-Gaussian errors and Nagaev-type inequalities for dependent non-sub-Gaussian errors that arise from linear or non-linear processes.
New Traditional Chinese Medicine Supplement Reduces Pain Faster than Conventional Pain Pills Alone: A Phase I/II Prospective, Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial

Background The opioid crisis demands novel solutions for postoperative pain control. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has used herbs for the treatment of pain for thousands of years. We studied whether a synergistic multimodal TCM supplement could reduce the need for conventional pain pills for low risk surgical procedures. Methods In a Phase I/II, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial (PRCT), 93 patients were randomized to either TCM supplement or placebo oral medication for low-risk outpatient surgical procedures. Study medications began 3 days preoperatively and continued for 5 days postoperatively. Conventional pain pill use was not restricted. Patients were monitored postoperatively for all forms of pain pill use (Pain Pill Scoring Sheet) and subjective pain ratings (Brief Pain Inventory Short Form). Primary outcomes included type and number of pain pills used and subjective pain ratings. Secondary outcomes included an assessment of mood, general activity, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Results TCM use well tolerated. Conventional pain pill use was similar between groups. Linear regression analysis revealed that TCM reduced postoperative pain 3 times faster than placebo (P < .0001) with a 4-fold greater magnitude of relief by postoperative day 5 (P = .008). TCM also significantly improved sleep habits (P = .049) during the postoperative period. TCM effect was independent of type of surgery or amount of preoperative pain. Discussion This PRCT is the first to show that a multimodal, synergistic TCM supplement is safe and can effectively reduce acute postoperative pain more rapidly, and to a lower level, than conventional pain pills alone.
Surface acoustic wave investigation of magnetic nanoparticle size and concentration effect on liquid crystal behavior.

The effect of spherical magnetic nanoparticles with different size (5, 10, 15, and 20 nm) and volume concentration (10-3, 5 × 10-4, and 10-4) on liquid crystal 4-cyano-4'-hexylbiphenyl (6CB) behavior was investigated using surface acoustic wave (SAW). The attenuation response of SAW propagating along with the substrate/liquid crystal interface was used to study the structural changes induced by an applied magnetic field. The obtained results showed the shift of the threshold magnetic field with an increase in the volume concentration of nanoparticles toward lower fields and also the decrease in the isotropic-nematic phase transition temperature depending on the nanoparticle size and the nanoparticle volume fraction. Results confirmed again that the bulk viscosity coefficients should dominate the SAW attenuation and that the SAW investigation in the presented configuration is applicable to monitoring of the role of magnetic dopants in structural changes under external fields. Some theoretical background of the presented SAW investigation is introduced as well. Obtained results are discussed within the context of previous ones.
Explicit Determinants of the RFPLR Circulant and RLPFL Circulant Matrices Involving Some Famous Numbers

Circulant matrices may play a crucial role in solving various differential equations. In this paper, the techniques used herein are based on the inverse factorization of polynomial. We give the explicit determinants of the RFPLR circulant matrices and RLPFL circulant matrices involving Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell, and Pell-Lucas number, respectively.
Capsule Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Panenteric Capsule Endoscopy and Application of Artificial Intelligence

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) of the small-bowel has been proven to accurately diagnose small-bowel inflammation and to predict future clinical flares among patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). In 2017, the panenteric capsule (PillCam Crohn’s system) was introduced for the first time, enabling a reliable evaluation of the whole small and large intestines. The great advantage of visualization of both parts of the gastrointestinal tract in a feasible and single procedure, holds a significant promise for patients with CD, enabling determination of the disease extent and severity, and potentially optimize disease management. In recent years, applications of machine learning, for VCE have been well studied, demonstrating impressive performance and high accuracy for the detection of various gastrointestinal pathologies, among them inflammatory bowel disease lesions. The use of artificial neural network models has been proven to accurately detect/classify and grade CD lesions, and shorten the VCE reading time, resulting in a less tedious process with a potential to minimize missed diagnosis and better predict clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, prospective, and real-world studies are essential to precisely examine artificial intelligence applications in real-life inflammatory bowel disease practice.
Piercing the surface: A mechanical analysis of stabbing with household tools

Estimating the applied power during a stabbing incident, or estimating the minimal force necessary to penetrate the body with a certain weapon is a challenging task in forensic practice. A thorough forensic evaluation of stabbing forces needs objective numerical experimental data. Stabbing tests of 12 different weapons – including knives, a pair of scissors, a fork, screwdrivers, a rasp, a corkscrew, and a utility knife blade – were performed with a Mecmesin MultiTest‐dV material tester on pork loin and ballistic gel to estimate the stabbing forces and dynamics. Penetration force (Fp) and maximal force (Fmax) were recorded, and the registered force curves were analyzed. Fmax was 159.8–212.07 Newton (N), 30.56–30.58 N, 168.9–185.48 N for various knives; 171.39–190.43 N for the pair of scissors, 233.6 N for the fork; 532.65–562.65 N, 370.31–367.19 N and 314.51–432.89 N for various screwdrivers, 44.14–56.62 N for utility knife during pork loin stabbing. The butter knife, corkscrew and rasp were not able to penetrate the pork loin, and the curved fork bent during stabbing. The results prove that weapon characteristics greatly influence the force necessary for penetration. Maximal stabbing force depends mostly on tip sharpness, and the force sharply decreases after penetration occurs, which indicates that edge sharpness is not as important as tip characteristics during stabbing perpendicular to skin surface. The penetration force during stabbing with a pair of scissors is comparable to the penetration force of knives. Stabbing with screwdrivers generally needs larger force than average knives but depends greatly on screwdriver size.
Management of Impacted Fetal Head at Caesarean Birth

Over one‐quarter of women in the UK have a caesarean birth (CB). More than one in 20 of these births occurs near the end of labour, when the cervix is fully dilated (second stage). In these circumstances, and when labour has been prolonged, the baby’s head can become lodged deep in the maternal pelvis making it challenging to deliver the baby. During the caesarean birth, difficulty in delivery of the baby’s head may result – this emergency is known as impacted fetal head (IFH). These are technically challenging births that pose significant risks to both the woman and baby. Complications for the woman include tears in the womb, serious bleeding and longer hospital stay. Babies are at increased risk of injury including damage to the head and face, lack of oxygen to the brain, nerve damage, and in rare cases, the baby may die from these complications.
Hard x-ray observations of the extragalactic sky: the High Energy Focusing Telescope and the Serendipitous Extragalactic X-ray Source Identification survey

Extending the energy range of high sensitivity astronomical x-ray observations to the hard x-ray band (10--100 keV) is important for the study of nonthermal emission mechanisms and heavily obscured sources. This thesis, in two parts, describes the development of the High Energy Focusing Telescope (HEFT), a focusing telescope for the hard x-ray band, and the Serendipitous Extragalactic X-ray Source Identification (SEXSI) survey, a degree-scale x-ray/optical survey of sources detected in the Chandra hard band (2--7 keV). HEFT is a balloon-borne x-ray telescope that is expected to have its first flight in the fall of 2003. The telescope will be among the first to focus x-rays at energies greater than 20 keV. HEFT's mirrors use graded multilayers -- thin film coatings ($sim 1 mu$m) that enhance high energy reflectance via constructive interference. In the first half of the thesis, I describe the optimization algorithm that I developed for x-ray optics and how I applied this algorithm to the design of the HEFT optics. In addition, I present x-ray measurements that verify the HEFT multilayer coating designs at energies where the telescope will operate. The SEXSI survey complements Chandra deep-field surveys by covering a much larger area of the sky, but to a shallower x-ray flux limit. For the SEXSI survey, we use public data from the Chandra archive to compile a catalog of extragalactic sources detected in the 2--7 keV band. We identify the optical counterparts to the x-ray sources and obtain their optical spectra (400--1000 nm). Presently SEXSI includes 30 Chandra fields, covering roughly 2 square degrees and yielding over 1200 x-ray sources to a flux limit of $10^{-15}$--$10^{-13}$ ergflux. In the second part of the thesis, I present results from 10 fields for which we have substantial spectroscopic coverage.
Vascular anatomical study of persistent descending mesocolon in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer

Persistent descending mesocolon (PDM) is a rare congenital atypia of fixation of the descending colon, and currently, very few detailed studies exist on its vascular anatomy. This study was conducted to evaluate the features of the vascular anatomy of PDM to help avoid intraoperative lethal injury and subsequent postoperative complications in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Image quality and radiation dose in spinal surgery: a comparison of three imaging systems in phantom

Abstract. Purpose Using optimal settings for x-ray scans is crucial for obtaining three-dimensional images of high quality while keeping the patient dose low. Our work compares dose and image quality (IQ) of three intraoperative imaging systems [O-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), ClarifEye C-arm CBCT, and Airo computed tomography] used for spinal surgery. Approach Patients of 70, 90, and 110 kg were simulated with an anthropomorphic phantom by adding tissue-equivalent material. Titanium inserts were placed in the phantom spine for reproducing metal artifacts in the images. Organ dose was measured with thermo-luminescent dosimeters for effective dose (E) calculation. Subjective IQ was assessed by ranking the images acquired with the manufacturer-defined imaging protocols. Objective IQ was assessed with a customized Catphan phantom. Results The ClarifEye protocols resulted in the lowest E ranging from 1.4 to 5.1 mSv according to phantom size and protocol. The highest E was measured for the high-definition protocol of O-arm (E 2.2 to 9 mSv) providing the best subjective IQ for imaging of the spine without titanium inserts. For the images with metal, the best IQ was obtained with ClarifEye. Airo (E 5.5 to 8.4 mSv) was ranked with the lowest IQ for images without metal while the rank improved for images with metal. Airo images had better uniformity, noise, and contrast sensitivity compared with CBCTs but worse high-contrast resolution. The values of these parameters were comparable between the CBCT systems. Conclusions Both CBCT systems provided better IQ compared with Airo for navigation of lumbar spinal surgery for the original phantom. Metal artifacts particularly affect O-arm images decreasing the subjective IQ. The high spatial resolution of CBCT systems resulted in a relevant parameter for the visibility of anatomical features important for spine navigation. Low dose protocols were enough to obtain a clinically acceptable contrast-to-noise ratio in the bones.
The Word Problem for Orthogroups

A semigroup which is a union of groups is said to be completely regular. If in addition the idempotents form a subsemigroup, the semigroup is said to be orthodox and is called an orthogroup. A completely regular semigroup S is provided in a natural way with a unary operation of inverse by letting a -l for a ∈ S be the group inverse of a in the maximal subgroup of S to which a belongs. This unary operation satisfies the identities (1) (2) (3) In fact a completely regular semigroup can be defined as a unary semigroup (a semigroup with an added unary operation) satisfying these identities. An orthogroup can be characterized as a completely regular semigroup satisfying the additional identity (4)