Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Social Media Influencers Foster Relationships with Followers: The Roles of Source Credibility and Fairness in Parasocial Relationship and Product Interest

Abstract Via the unprecedented interactivity of social media, social media personae can build strong relationships with followers. Such relationships, which carry great marketing potential, appeal to corporations and brands. Based on the literature of source credibility and communication justice, this study investigated the determinants of the parasocial relationship between social media influencers and their followers, as well as their effects on followers’ interests in the products advertised by influencers. The results of an online survey showed that followers’ perceived attractiveness of influencers, similarity to influencers, procedural fairness, and interpersonal fairness of their interactions with influencers are positively related to the strength of their parasocial relationship with influencers, which further mediates the effect of the aforementioned factors on followers’ interests in influencer-promoted products. The findings of this study explicate the mechanism through which influencers foster relationships with followers and also provide practitioners with insights on orchestrating strategic influencer campaigns.
Warmer springs lead to mistimed reproduction in great tits (Parus major)

In seasonal environments, the main selection pressure on the timing of reproduction (the ultimate factor) is synchrony between offspring requirements and food availability. However, reproduction is initiated much earlier than the time of maximum food requirement of the offspring. Individuals should therefore start reproduction in response to cues (the proximate factors), available in the environment of reproductive decision making, which predict the later environment of selection. With increasing spring temperatures over the past decades, vegetation phenology has advanced, with a concomitant advancement in the reproduction of some species at higher trophic levels. However, a mismatch between food abundance and offspring needs may occur if changes in the environment of decision making do not match those in the environment of selection. Date of egg laying in a great tit (Parus major) population has not advanced over a 23–year period, but selection for early laying has intensified. We believe that this is the first documented case of an adaptive response being hampered because a changing abiotic factor affects the environment in which a reproductive decision is made differently from the environment in which selection occurs.
Multi-cycle spectrum sensing for OFDM signals under cyclic frequency offsets in cognitive vehicular networks

Spectrum sensing plays a key role in cognitive radio technology to acquire information on the occupancy status of the channel. Cyclostationary spectrum sensing is considered one of the most promising approaches. However, its performance is severely degraded by a mismatch between the actual and the nominal cyclic frequency [i.e. cyclic frequency offset (CFO)]. This is particularly true for vehicular networks, due to the high mobility and particularly to the presence of a non-zero radial acceleration between the transmitter and the receiver that makes the signal filtered out by the Doppler channel chirped, thus introducing the CFO. Consequently, the signal to be detected has to be properly modelled as a generalised almost-cyclostationary process. The proposed approach performs a maximum-likelihood estimation of the CFO jointly to the detection exploiting multiple cycles, through a maximisation of the generalised likelihood ratio test. The closed-form of false alarm probability is derived highlighting that this approach represents a constant false alarm rate detector. Numerical evaluations are provided to show the correctness of the theoretical analysis and that the performance is approximatively constant for a large range of CFO values. Moreover, comparisons with existing algorithms are provided.
High-Tech Urban Agriculture in Amsterdam: An Actor Network Analysis

The agriculture and horticulture sector in the Netherlands is one of the most productive in the world. Although the sector is one of the most advanced and intense agricultural production systems worldwide, it faces challenges, such as climate change and environmental and social unsustainability of industrial production. To overcome these challenges, alternative food production initiatives have emerged, especially in large cities such as Amsterdam. Some initiatives involve producing food in the urban environment, supported by new technologies and practices, so-called high-tech urban agriculture (HTUA). These initiatives make cultivation of plants inside and on top of buildings possible and increase green spaces in urban areas. The emerging agricultural technologies are creating new business environments that are shape d by technology developers (e.g., suppliers of horticultural light emitting diodes (LED) and control environment systems) and developers of alternative food production practices (e.g., HTUA start-ups). However, research shows that the uptake of these technological innovations in urban planning processes is problematic. Therefore, this research analyzes the barriers that local government planners and HTUA developers are facing in the embedding of HTUA in urban planning processes, using the city of Amsterdam as a case study. This study draws on actor-network theory (ANT) to analyze the interactions between planners, technologies, technology developers and developers of alternative food production practices. Several concepts of ANT are integrated into a multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions (MLP) to create a new theoretical framework that can explain how interactions between technologies and planning actors transform the incumbent social–technical regime. The configuration of interactions between social and material entities in technology development and adoption processes in Amsterdam is analyzed through the lens of this theoretical framework. The data in this study were gathered by tracing actors and their connections by using ethnographic research methods. In the course of the integration of new technologies into urban planning practices, gaps between technologies, technology developers, and planning actors have been identified. The results of this study show a lacking connection between planning actors and technology developers, although planning actors do interact with developers of alternative food production practices. These interactions are influenced by agency of artefacts such as visualizations of the future projects. The paper concludes that for the utilization of emerging technologies for sustainability transition of cities, the existing gap between technology developers and planning actors needs to be bridged through the integration of technology development visions in urban agendas and planning processes.
Prediction of diameter distributions in boreal forests using remotely sensed data

Diameter distributions are usually characterized in forest management inventories using probability density functions (PDF). Depending on the inventory method, the PDF parameters are derived using either predicted or assessed forest attributes. The application of PDF is not essential for forest inventories that rely on remotely sensed data, because the diameter distributions can be predicted using empirical tree lists via the nearest neighbor (NN) approach. This thesis comprises three objectives. The general aim is to investigate NNbased prediction of diameter distributions in Finnish forest inventories. Firstly, the response configurations of the NN approach were examined in the prediction of species-specific diameter distributions. Secondly, different remote sensing datasets were utilized in the prediction of diameter distribution for logwood-sized trees. For example, bitemporal and multispectral airborne laser scanning (ALS) datasets were compared to the Finnish forest inventory standard in which unispectral ALS and aerial images are used. Thirdly, two approaches that fuse an area-based approach (ABA) and individual-tree detection (ITD) in the prediction of diameter distributions were proposed. The results showed that the standard response configuration used in NN imputation is suboptimal if diameter distributions are of interest. The findings also indicate that the multispectral ALS dataset performs poorly in the prediction of logwood volumes by tree species. Instead, the use of bitemporal ALS (leaf-off and leaf-on) data provide almost comparable error rates with the use of ALS data and aerial images in the prediction of logwood volumes by tree species. The ABA-ITD fusion of diameter distributions provided slight improvements in the mean error index values associated with the predicted diameter distributions. It should be noted, however, that ITD is more sensitive to errors than ABA, for example, in forests with a bimodal or descending diameter distribution. Structural analysis of forests using ALS data is a possible indicator for the selection of prediction approach. The pulse density of the national ALS data will be increased in the 2020s, which opens up the possibility to apply the ABA-ITD fusion approach in practical applications.
Nature-Related Cognitive Schemas and Self-Reported Psychological Flourishing

Some sustainability-related belief systems (or schemas in Cognitive Behavior Therapy) might result in shame, guilt, or denial if a person fails to meet the standards. The psychology of Harmonization relates sustainability to flourishing but not to human misery and delineates flourishing one’s own life. What nature-related cognitive schemas coexist with psychological flourishing? The purpose of this study was to identify the nature-related cognitive schemas that correlate to self-reported psychological flourishing. This paper provides some data on an overall survey (n = 722) that aimed at evaluating the cognitive schemas, strengths, and cognitive abilities of Lithuanian gymnasium students. We applied the Flourishing Scale (FS) of E. Diener alongside several measures to investigate nature-related cognitive/emotional/behavioral variables. The results revealed associations between different nature-related cognitive schemas (experiential, consumeristic, eco-protectionist, and valorist) and psychological flourishing, positive emotional reactions to nature, and spending time in nature. As this study demonstrates only positive or negative relationships among the examined variables, one of the implications for future research is identifying schemas as predictors of behavioral sustainability and creating an experimental or longitudinal design.
Effects of small-scale turbulence on interactions between the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina and its prey, Isochrysis sp.

Abstract The effects of small-scale turbulence on interactions between the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marinaDujardin and its prey, the haptophyte Isochrysissp. Parke, were investigated. Under food-limited conditions growth of Oxyrrhis marinadecreased with decreasing prey density. At a given prey density, however, the growth of O. marinawas significantly lower at high turbulence (E = 1 cm2 s-3) than at low turbulence (E = 0.0001 cm2 s-3), whereas ingestion and clearance were not affected by small-scale turbulence. In food-saturated conditions a significant negative effect of small-scale turbulence on growth was found at E = 1 cm2 s-3, but not at 0.05 cm2 s3 and lower turbulent dissipation rates. Although the growth of O. marinawas reduced by approximately 20% at the highest turbulence level, it was still 0.64 d-1, which is higher than the reported maximum growth of several other heterotrophic dinoflagellates. Ingestion and cell volume were unaffected and the decreased growth was caused by an increased mortality when 0. marinawas exposed to the highest turbulence level (E = 1 cm2 s-3). Small-scale turbulence had no significant effect on the growth of the prey, Isochrysissp.
Breeding Chronology, Sexual Dimorphism, and Genetic Diversity of Congeneric Ambystomatid Salamanders

Abstract Many amphibians are explosive breeders, but the key factors that influence migrations to (and from) breeding sites are not well understood for all species. We used a comparative approach to compare and contrast the complex relationships among breeding chronology, environmental conditions, sexual dimorphism/body size, sex ratio, and genetic variation in Small-mouthed (Ambystoma texanum) and Eastern Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum). We intercepted 171 A. texanum and 330 adult A. t. tigrinum on their annual migration to breeding ponds over two consecutive breeding seasons (2003–04). Both species immigrated over a short period of time (4–17 days) and displayed no clear pattern regarding whether males or females typically arrived first at breeding ponds. Sex ratios were skewed toward males in both species but varied between years. Consistent with their expected sexual selection regimes, intraspecific sexual dimorphism was subtle in A. texanum but pronounced in A. t. tigrinum. There was no size-ordered immigration or emigration for either species examined; migration events were triggered by temperature and precipitation. We genotyped four hypervariable microsatellite loci and found no gross difference in the overall level of genetic variation between species but document that our study populations are genetically diverse (mean of >18 alleles per locus and heterozygosities >0.75 in each species), presumably as a result of historically large effective population sizes.
Predicting the Intention of Millennial Moslems to Visit Halal Tourism

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence the intention to choose halal tourism in Indonesia using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model. Data samples used in this study were 265 respondents and processed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to test the significance of the regression model. The independent variables are attitude, subjective norm, and halal certification and its impact on behavioral intention. The results show that attitude, subjective norm, and halal certification have a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention to visit halal tourism. Halal tourism practitioners can estimate the behavior of prospective millennial visitors through this paper. As for academics, this paper is used for further research by integrating halal certification in TRA as a predictor of behavioral intention in millennial Moslems. Empirically this research is useful to increase understanding of halal tourism and visitor behavior. Halal tourism is a relatively new phenomenon for practitioners and academics. This study is an initial study investigating the determinants of millennial Moslems’ visits through the TRA model. Therefore, this paper will be useful as an academics contributions about millennial Moslems to visit halal tourism in Indonesia and the world.
Responses of benthic meiofauna to long-term, low-level additions of No. 2 fuel oil

: Three experiments were conducted to investigate the responses of benthic rneiofauna to long-term, low-level additions of No. 2 fuel oil in large (13 m3), outdoor tanks (mesocosms) containing sediment and sea water from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. In the first experiment, an average water column oil concentration of 190 ppb was maintained for 168 d followed by a 64 d period of no oil additions. During the second experiment, an average oil concentration of 90 ppb was maintained for 122 d. A 386 d period of no oil additions (Experiment 111) followed Experiment 11. The abundances of metazoan meiofauna decreased during oil addition periods in Experiments I and I1 with the oil more extensively affecting the meiofauna in the first experiment. In both experiments, ostracods and harpacticoid copepods were the most sensitive metazoan groups. In contrast, abundances of protozoan meiofauna (foraminiferans and ciliates) were higher in the oiled mesocosms. Abundances of most meiofaunal groups returned to levels similar to the controls within 2 to 7 mo following the termination of oil additions. However, the abundances of kinorhynchs and halacarids remained depressed for more than 1 yr after the last oil addition, presumably due to residual oil in the sediments.
Assessment and Prediction of Pore‐Scale Reactive Mixing From Experimental Conservative Transport Data

We investigate the impact of pore‐scale heterogeneity on reactive mixing using experimental data from inert fluid‐fluid displacement in a quasi 2‐D porous medium. We interpret the invading and defending fluids as the conservative components A+C and B+C of the instantaneous irreversible bimolecular chemical reaction A+B→C and determine the reaction product C. We find strong growth of the reaction rate at short and intermediate times due to deformation of the mixing interface and heterogeneity‐induced increase of the mixing area. This behavior is captured by a dispersive lamella approach that quantifies the mixing dynamics at the interface in terms of temporally evolving effective dispersion coefficients. The latter capture the dominant controls on the evolution of the mixing interface, namely, advective heterogeneity and transverse mixing. Reactive transport formulations based on constant hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients are not able to describe the observed behavior due to the lack of complete mixing on the support scale, which is required for these approaches to hold. These results shed some new light on the origins of heterogeneity‐induced mixing and reaction dynamics in porous media and their systematic upscaling.
Hepatitis C Virus NS5A and Subgenomic Replicon Activate NF-κB via Tyrosine Phosphorylation of IκBα and Its Degradation by Calpain Protease*

Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) has been implicated in the HCV antiviral resistance, replication, and transactivation of cellular gene expression. We have recently shown that HCV NS5A activates NF-κB via oxidative stress (22). In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanism(s) of NF-κB activation in response to oxidative stress induced by NS5A protein. In contrast to the classic Ser32,36 phosphorylation of IκBα, we report here that tyrosine phosphorylation of IκBα at Tyr42 and Tyr305 residues is induced by the HCV NS5A and the subgenomic replicons in the NF-κB activation process. Use of IκBα-Tyr42,305 double mutant provided the evidence for their key role in the activation of NF-κB. Activation of NF-κB was blocked by a series of tyrosine kinase inhibitors but not by IκB kinase inhibitor BAY 11-7085. More specifically, a ZAP-70 knock-out cell line expressing NS5A and other nonstructural proteins respectively prevented the NF-κB activation, indicating the involvement of ZAP-70 as a probable tyrosine kinase in the activation process. Evidence is also presented for the possible role of calpain proteases in the NS5A-induced IκBα degradation. These studies collectively define an alternate pathway of NF-κB activation by NS5A alone or in the context of the HCV subgenomic replicon. Constitutive activation of NF-κB by HCV has implications in the chronic liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma associated with HCV infection.
Nest Sanitation Plays a Role in Egg Burial by Yellow Warblers

Some hosts of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) possess defences that eliminate all or most parasitism costs. Yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia) bury cowbird eggs, possibly to clean nests rather than serving strictly as an anti-parasite defence, as non-egg-shaped objects have been ejected, buried, or deserted by other hosts. With two experiments, we tested the ‘nest sanitation’ hypothesis by recording warblers’ responses to objects (1) similar in volume, mass, and colour to cowbird eggs, and (2) half the mass and volume (more easily ejected), placed into nests before and during incubation. We compared outcomes at control nests with responses to objects that were dissimilar (stars) and moderately similar (dumbbells) to eggs, and to real cowbird and warbler eggs. We tested whether rejection (1) declines from stars through dumbbells and real eggs, (2) is similar between stages, and (3) non-egg-shaped objects are ejected because this is the least costly rejection method. Large stars were rejected (most buried) significantly more frequently (43.8%) than cowbird eggs (16.3%) in pre-incubation, suggesting that warblers reject objects shaped unlike their own eggs to rid nests of debris. Objects spent less time in nests the more they diverged from eggs. Warblers rarely rejected large stars and dumbbells, and cowbird eggs during incubation, possibly because burial and desertion are too costly by this time. Responses to small stars and dumbbells, and to foreign yellow warbler eggs did not differ between stages; also warblers rejected stars, mostly by ejection and selective burial, more frequently (28.8%) than dumbbells (1.3%) and warbler eggs (0%). Rejection by yellow warblers, especially burial, may keep nests clean, but also functions in rejecting cowbird eggs.
Estimating prokaryotic diversity: When are 16S rDNA libraries large enough?

As a necessary step in the study of prokaryotic diversity using 16S rDNA libraries, authors should evaluate how well their libraries represent diversity in the source environment. Phylotype‐richness estimates can be used to judge whether a library represents diversity sufficiently for its intended purpose. We have argued that richness estimates are most useful if libraries are first shown to be large enough to yield stable estimates. In this article, we (1) evaluate two potentially suitable, non‐parametric richness estimators (SACE and SChao1), tested against model libraries and libraries drawn from natural prokaryotic communities; (2) evaluate whether stable richness estimates are also unbiased; and (3) examine characteristics of prokaryotic libraries that influence the usefulness of richness estimators. Richness estimates consistently reached a stable asymptotic value for libraries that sampled diversity exhaustively. Stable estimates appear to be unbiased or minimally biased estimates of phylotype richness. The SACE estimator was often undefined, sometimes overestimated phylotype richness at intermediate sampling efforts, and sometimes stabilized at a larger library size than the SChao1 estimator. The SChao1 estimator appears well suited for estimating phylotype richness from prokaryotic 16S rDNA libraries. Libraries judged too small to yield a stable richness estimate typically had a highly uneven frequency distribution of phylotypes, with a preponderance of phylotypes that occurred only once in the library. Libraries considered large enough typically had a more even frequency distribution of phylotypes. A software tool is provided to aid others in assessing whether their libraries are large enough to yield stable phylotype‐richness estimates.