Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Future of Fighter Pilot Training? Live Virtual Constructive in Large Force Exercises: Perceived and Expected Training Value

ABSTRACT Objective This study investigates whether and how perceived training value varies among fighter pilots participating in a large force exercise (LFE), and whether they expect Live Virtual Constructive (LVC) training to enhance training value of future LFEs. Background LVC technology is maturing but its expected training value is under-investigated, especially regarding future LVC in LFEs. Method Fighter pilots at a Live-flying LFE answered questionnaires, 120 responses were analyzed statistically. The questions focused on whether the sortie they just flew provided training value, generally and for specific Desired Learning Objectives (DLOs), on whether the inclusion of Virtual and Constructive entities in future LFEs would contribute to training value generally and to the DLOs specifically, and on specific LVC implementation issues. Results Ratings of experienced training value varied across DLOs, and DLO ratings varied across Mission types. Fighter pilots were positive toward including Virtual and Constructive entities in LFEs for certain DLOs, mostly for flying a complex mission. DLOs covaried around the factors of LVC-tradeoff advantages and Live advantages, as well as temporal dimensions of planning before a mission and stages of engagement. LVC implementation lessons were extracted. Conclusion Fighter pilots are generally moderately positive about LVC in LFEs. The measurement of perceived training value per DLO seems a relevant instrument for investigating perceived training value of an LFE and expected training value of future LVC training.
Maize (Zea mays L.) interaction with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

40 Maize is currently the most productive cereal crop in the world (www.faostat.org). It can 41 associate with the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis which can 42 provide additional water and mineral nutrients to the plant in return for C delivered by the host 43 plant. Two maize lines were characterized at the physiological and molecular levels as they 44 displayed contrasting responses to inoculation with the AMF when grown under optimal, 45 medium, or low N fertilization conditions. For both these lines, the presence of the AMF allows 46 development of a beneficial symbiotic association but only under limiting N fertilization 47 conditions and allows to maintain plant biomass production when there is a five fold reduction 48 in N supply. Physio-agronomical phenotyping and transcriptomic and metabolomic 49 characterization of these two lines indicates that, (i) the level of N supply is the major factor 50 affecting all studied traits; (ii) although the two lines display different transcriptomic and 51 metabolomic responses to R. irregularis the agro-physiological traits are similar; and (iii) 52 inoculation with the AMF relieves N deficiency stress. Analysis of the fungal transcriptome 53 indicated that, like the plant transcriptome, it was also mainly affected by N nutrition level rather 54 than by the maize host genotype. To explore potential metabolic pathways affected by the 55 symbiosis, we integrated the transcriptomic data to model mycorrhized maize metabolism in a 56 multi-organ Genome-scale metabolic model (GSM) iZMA6517, based on a stoichiometric 57 approach. Both maize transcriptomics data integrated iZMA6517 model and R. irregularis 58 transcriptome pointed to nucleotide and ureides metabolism as previously unexplored new 59 drivers of the symbiotic N nutrition triggered by R. irregularis that allow maize growth 60 improvement. 61
Ergodicity for three-dimensional stochastic Navier–Stokes equations with Markovian switching

Abstract Asymptotic behavior of the three-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equations with Markovian switching for additive noises is studied for an incompressible fluid flow in a bounded domain. The objective of this article is to prove the existence and identification of a stationary measure for such stochastic systems. To achieve this goal, a family of regularized equations is introduced in order to investigate the asymptotic behavior of their solutions. The existence of an ergodic measure for the regularized system is established by the Krylov-Bogolyubov method. The existence and identification of a stationary measure corresponding to the original system are obtained as a sequential limit point of the family of the ergodic measures that correspond to the regularized systems. The main result of this work is that under mild integrability conditions on the initial data and external force, there exists a stationary measure for the solution of the three-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equations with Markovian switching.
Embodied-Visual Practices during Conversational Repair: Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Repair organization provides a powerful mechanism for handling problems of mutual understanding in natural conversation. Our study reviews past research on repair initiation and resolution practices involving embodied-visual practices, including eye gaze, facial expressions, hand gestures, and head and body movements. We charted details of theoretical background, methodology, and main findings for 31 studies. Embodiment was studied equally in connection with self- (SIR) and other-initiated repair (OIR); gaze and gestures were the most commonly studied embodied-visual practices. In OIR sequences, research has focused on upper body and gaze. In SIR sequences, more gestures were examined, but this may be specific to word search, which was predominant in SIR studies. In addition, embodied-visual practices can form gestalts independently from talk, and can occur early in the repair sequence, even pre-trouble source. Data were in Argentine Sign Language, Cha’palaa, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Turkish, and Yélî Dnye.
Behaviour-based movement cut-off points in 3-year old children comparing wrist- with hip-worn actigraphs MW8 and GT3X

Introduction Behaviour-based physical intensities have not undergone rigorous calibration in long-term recordings of 3-year-old children’s sleep/activity patterns. This study aimed at (i) calibrating activity counts of motor behaviour measured simultaneously with MotionWatch 8 (MW8) and ActiGraph (GT3X) in 3-year-old children, (ii) documenting movement intensities in 30s-epochs at wrist/hip positions, and (iii) evaluating the accuracy of cut-off agreements between different behavioural activities. Methods Thirty 3-year-old children of the NorthPop cohort performed six directed behavioural activities individually, each for 8-10 minutes while wearing two pairs of devices at hip and wrist position. Directly observed naturally-occurring behaviours included: watching cartoons, recumbent story listening, sit and handcraft, floor play with toys, engaging in a walk and a sprinting game. Receiver-Operating-Curve classification was applied to determine activity count thresholds and to assign context-guided, physical activity composite classes. Results Activity counts of MW8 and GT3X pairs of wrist-worn (r = 0.94) and hip-worn (r = 0.79) devices correlated significantly (p < 0.001). Activity counts at hip position were significantly lower compared to those at the wrist position (p < 0.001), irrespective of device type. Sprinting, floorball/walk and floorplay assigned as ‘physically mobile’ classes achieved outstanding accuracy (AUC >0.9) and two sedentary and a motionless activities assigned into ‘physically stationary’ classes achieved excellent accuracy (AUC >0.8). Conclusion This study provides useful cut-offs for physical activity levels of preschool children using two different devices. Contextual information of behaviour is advantageous over intensity classifications only, because interventions reallocate time among behaviours, which allows to establish dose-response relationships between behavioural changes and health outcomes. Our comparative calibration is one step forward to inform behaviour-based public health guidelines for 3-year-old children.
Pattern of Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Strongylosis in an Organized Caprine Farm of Wayanad district, Kerala, South India

The small ruminant production is very important source of livelihood to the rural people of India. Parasitic infections of sheep and goats are factors responsible for economic losses, reduction in productivity and increased mortality (Sutar et al., 2010). Variations in the incidences of gastrointestinal nematodosis in goats during different seasons were reported from different areas of India (Patnaik et al., 1973; Misra et al., 1974, Ahamad and Ansari, 1987; Swankar et al., 1996, Makhdoomi et al., 1995; Nasreen et al., 2005; Yadav et al., 2006). Wayanad, a region of the Western Ghats, lying at an altitude of 800-1200 feet above mean sea level, enjoys a mild subtropical climate. Most of the farmers in this district depend on livestock farming for their livelihood. The goat population of Wayanad district is 35,150 (Livestock Census, 2012).
A new analytical technique in capillary electrophoresis: studying the levels of nucleotides in human breastmilk

The effect of nucleotides in the newborn is a determinant in this first stage of life, and their correct level in breastmilk is vital. We have designed a new method for the assay of nucleotides in milk by capillary electrophoresis (CE) after acid hydrolysis. Breastmilk samples were collected from healthy mothers (ages, 25–35 years) of one month lactation, and stored at -20 °C. The duplicated samples were dissociated by acidic hydrolysis (HClO4) and the CE assay was performed in an uncoated fused-silica capillary using an alkaline (borate) electrophoretic separation system. The method gave good recoveries of 5 ́-mononucleotides. Under the conditions used, the actual CE analysis time was less than 20 minutes. The physiologically and nutritionally important nucleotides were detected at concentrations of 387 μg/100ml for UMP-5P, 385.3 μg/100ml for AMP-5P, 67 μg/100ml for CMP-5P, 172 μg/100ml for TMP-5P and 315 μg/100ml for GMP-5P. Nucleotides are a significant nutrient in infant growth, and capillary electrophoresis is a sensitive and efficient tool for the assay of nucleotides with a purine or pyrimidine base in breastmilk.
Characteristics and disease course of untreated patients with interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis in a real-life two-centre cohort

Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of death in systemic sclerosis (SSc). According to expert statements, not all SSc-ILD patients require pharmacological therapy. Objectives To describe disease characteristics and disease course in untreated SSc-ILD patients in two well characterised SSc-ILD cohorts. Methods Patients were classified as treated if they had received a potential ILD-modifying drug. ILD progression in untreated patients was defined as (1) decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) from baseline of ≥10% or (2) decline in FVC of 5%–9% associated with a decline in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)≥15% over 12±3 months or (3) start of any ILD-modifying treatment or (4) increase in the ILD extent during follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with non-prescription of ILD-modifying treatment at baseline. Prognostic factors for progression in untreated patients were tested by multivariate Cox regression. Results Of 386 SSc-ILD included patients, 287 (74%) were untreated at baseline. Anticentromere antibodies (OR: 6.75 (2.16–21.14), p=0.001), limited extent of ILD (OR: 2.39 (1.19–4.82), p=0.015), longer disease duration (OR: 1.04 (1.00–1.08), p=0.038) and a higher DLCO (OR: 1.02 (1.01–1.04), p=0.005) were independently associated with no ILD-modifying treatment at baseline. Among 234 untreated patients, the 3 year cumulative incidence of progression was 39.9% (32.9–46.2). Diffuse cutaneous SSc and extensive lung fibrosis independently predicted ILD progression in untreated patients. Conclusion As about 40% of untreated patients show ILD progression after 3 years and effective and safe therapies for SSc-ILD are available, our results support a change in clinical practice in selecting patients for treatment.
1st Workshop on Exploring the Fitness and Evolvability of Personal Learning Environments (EFEPLE’11)

We review the concepts of Darwinian evolution and evolvability, and discuss the extent to which these can be brought to bear on the problems of personal learning environments (PLEs). While it is problematic to identify an evolving population of individuals (a definitional requisite of Darwinian evolution) in artifacts, we suggest an instance of a PLE system as fielded can play the role of individual in this seting, while configuration, code and component organization can play the role of inheritable genetic information. Also discussed are adaptivitiy, plasticity, robustness, and evolvability in this setting, as well as the role of sex (transfer of inheritable information from one individual to another) in providing plasticity in a community of use in the context of changing requirements.
Segmentation of British Sign Language (BSL): Mind the gap!

This study asks how users of British Sign Language (BSL) recognize individual signs in connected sign sequences. We examined whether this is achieved through modality-specific or modality-general segmentation procedures. A modality-specific feature of signed languages is that, during continuous signing, there are salient transitions between sign locations. We used the sign-spotting task to ask if and how BSL signers use these transitions in segmentation. A total of 96 real BSL signs were preceded by nonsense signs which were produced in either the target location or another location (with a small or large transition). Half of the transitions were within the same major body area (e.g., head) and half were across body areas (e.g., chest to hand). Deaf adult BSL users (a group of natives and early learners, and a group of late learners) spotted target signs best when there was a minimal transition and worst when there was a large transition. When location changes were present, both groups performed better when transitions were to a different body area than when they were within the same area. These findings suggest that transitions do not provide explicit sign-boundary cues in a modality-specific fashion. Instead, we argue that smaller transitions help recognition in a modality-general way by limiting lexical search to signs within location neighbourhoods, and that transitions across body areas also aid segmentation in a modality-general way, by providing a phonotactic cue to a sign boundary. We propose that sign segmentation is based on modality-general procedures which are core language-processing mechanisms.
Extreme Landfalling Atmospheric River Events in Arizona: Possible Future Changes

The semiarid Salt and Verde River Basins in Arizona are susceptible to atmospheric river (AR)‐related flooding. To understand the precipitation‐related impacts of climate change on extreme ARs affecting Arizona, a pseudo‐global warming method was used. High‐resolution control and future simulations of five intense historical AR events that affected the Salt and Verde River Basins in Central Arizona were carried out using the Weather Research and Forecasting regional climate model. The pseudo‐global warming approach for future simulations involved adding a temperature delta at different vertical levels to the historical initial and lateral boundary conditions of the input data while keeping constant relative humidity. The deltas were calculated using projected changes toward end of the 21st century from an ensemble of nine Global Climate Models for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. Future simulations showed an overall increase in vertically integrated transport of vapor and upward moisture flux at cloud base over the region for all events. The changes in precipitation at both domain and basin levels were highly spatially heterogeneous. Precipitation increased in all future simulations; but in general, this increase remained less than the increase in column‐integrated water vapor. It was found that in most cases, cloud ice content decreased while cloud water content increased, indicating the increased role of warm‐rain processes in producing precipitation in the future simulations. Freezing levels rose by more than 600 m, and this along with increased temperature and greater role of warm‐rain processes led to a decrease of more than 80% in the amount of frozen precipitation during the events.
Assessing prognosis in depression: comparing perspectives of AI models, mental health professionals and the general public

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly permeated various sectors, including healthcare, highlighting its potential to facilitate mental health assessments. This study explores the underexplored domain of AI’s role in evaluating prognosis and long-term outcomes in depressive disorders, offering insights into how AI large language models (LLMs) compare with human perspectives. Methods Using case vignettes, we conducted a comparative analysis involving different LLMs (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Claude and Bard), mental health professionals (general practitioners, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and mental health nurses), and the general public that reported previously. We evaluate the LLMs ability to generate prognosis, anticipated outcomes with and without professional intervention, and envisioned long-term positive and negative consequences for individuals with depression. Results In most of the examined cases, the four LLMs consistently identified depression as the primary diagnosis and recommended a combined treatment of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication. ChatGPT-3.5 exhibited a significantly pessimistic prognosis distinct from other LLMs, professionals and the public. ChatGPT-4, Claude and Bard aligned closely with mental health professionals and the general public perspectives, all of whom anticipated no improvement or worsening without professional help. Regarding long-term outcomes, ChatGPT 3.5, Claude and Bard consistently projected significantly fewer negative long-term consequences of treatment than ChatGPT-4. Conclusions This study underscores the potential of AI to complement the expertise of mental health professionals and promote a collaborative paradigm in mental healthcare. The observation that three of the four LLMs closely mirrored the anticipations of mental health experts in scenarios involving treatment underscores the technology’s prospective value in offering professional clinical forecasts. The pessimistic outlook presented by ChatGPT 3.5 is concerning, as it could potentially diminish patients’ drive to initiate or continue depression therapy. In summary, although LLMs show potential in enhancing healthcare services, their utilisation requires thorough verification and a seamless integration with human judgement and skills.
Electroacupuncture use for treatment of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with breast cancer: protocol for a pilot, randomised, blinded, sham-controlled trial (EA for CIPN)

Introduction Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose-limiting side effect of neurotoxic chemotherapy. Acute symptoms of CIPN during treatment can lead to dose reduction and cessation. Trials using electroacupuncture (EA) to treat established CIPN postchemotherapy have shown some efficacy. The current trial aims to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of using EA to treat CIPN during chemotherapy. Methods and analysis The current study is a single-centre, 1:1 randomised, sham-controlled pilot study set in a tertiary cancer hospital in Sydney, Australia, and will recruit 40 adult patients with early breast cancer undergoing adjuvant or neoadjuvant paclitaxel chemotherapy. Patients who develop CIPN within the first 6 weeks of chemotherapy will receive either true EA or sham-EA once a week for 10 weeks. The coprimary endpoints are recruitment and adherence rate, successful blinding of patients and compliance with the follow-up period. Secondary endpoints are mean change of CIPN symptoms from randomisation to end of treatment, sustained change in CIPN symptoms at 8-week and 24-week follow-up postchemotherapy, proportion of subjects attaining completion of 12 weeks of chemotherapy without dose reduction or cessation, change in acupuncture expectancy response pretreatment, during treatment and posttreatment. The primary assessment tool for the secondary endpoints will be a validated patient-reported outcome measure (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy) captured weekly from randomisation to week 12 of chemotherapy. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol (2021/ETH12123) has been approved by the institutional Human Research Ethics Committee at St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney and Chris O’Brien Lifehouse. Informed consent will be obtained prior to starting study-related procedures. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences. Trial registration number ACTRN12622000081718.
TO COMPARE TIME TAKEN, NO. OF ATTEMPTS, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS AND MANOEUVRES USED DURING INSERTION THROUGH BLOCKBUSTER LMA OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE, MICROCUFF ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE AND BLOCKBUSTER ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE

Background: Airway management is the most essential skill that an anesthesiologist has to acquire. The most definite way of securing an airway is by endotracheal intubation. The study was conducted to compare time taken, no. of attempts, post op complications and manoeuvres used during insertion of Polyvinyl BLOCKBUSTER LMA of Polyvinyl Chloride Endotracheal Tube, Microcuff Endotracheal Tube and BLOCKBUSTER Endotracheal Tube. Materials and Methods: In this study 90 female patients were randomly allocated to the following three groups of 30 patients each. Group-A: Patients received general anesthesia and airway protection with PVC endotracheal tube through Block Buster LMA, Group-B: Patients received general anesthesia and airway protection with Micro-Cuff endotracheal tube through Block Buster LMA and Group-C: Patients received general anesthesia and airway protection with Block Buster endotracheal tube. The results were tabulated and statistically analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Software version 15.0. P <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: No significant differences in demographic data. Intubation in first attempt in 73% patients in group A (PVC tube) and 80% patients in group B (MC tube) and 90% patients in group C (BB tube). The time taken for insertion was not same in all three groups. It was significantly less with the BLOCKBUSTER tube-14.60±6.29seconds, followed by the Micro-cuff endotracheal tube-20.10±7.54 seconds and last by the PVC tube32.26±16.40 seconds. Post-op complications like sore throat, hoarseness and nausea were significantly less with the BLOCKBUSTER tube followed by the Micro-cuff endotracheal tube and last by the PVC tube. Conclusion: The attempt and time taken to blind intubation was less in the Blockbuster tube and postop complications like nausea, sore throat and hoarseness were also less in the Blockbuster tube insertion. The study concluded that, PVC tube and Micro-cuff adult endotracheal tubes are a feasible option for blind intubation via Blockbuster LMA in patients with normal airways.