Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Plyometric- and Cycle-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition, Aerobic Capacity, and Muscle Function in Young Females: a field-based group fitness assessment.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective alternative to moderate intensity continuous training for improvements in body composition and aerobic capacity; however, there is little work comparing different modalities of HIIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric- (PLYO) and cycle-oriented (CYC) HIIT on body composition, aerobic capacity, and skeletal muscle size, quality, and function in recreationally trained females. Young (21.7 ± 3.1 yrs), recreationally active females were quasi-randomized (1:1 ratio) assigned to 8 weeks of twice weekly PLYO (n = 15) or CYC (n = 15) HIIT. Body composition (4-compartment model), VO2peak, countermovement jump performance, muscle size and echo intensity (muscle quality) as well as strength and power of the knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured before and after training. Both groups showed a similar decrease in body fat percentage (p < 0.001; η_p^2 = 0.409) and echo intensity (p < 0.001; η_p^2 = 0.558), and an increase in fat-free mass (p < 0.001; η_p^2 = 0.367) and VO2peak (p = 0.001; η_p^2 = 0.318). Muscle size was unaffected (p > 0.05), whereas peak torque was reduced similarly in both groups (p = 0.017; η_p^2 = 0.188) and rapid torque capacity was diminished only for the knee extensors after CYC (p = 0.022; d = -0.67). These results suggest that PLYO and CYC HIIT are similarly effective for improving body composition, aerobic capacity, and muscle quality, whereas muscle function may express moderate decrements in recreationally active females. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05821504).
Diagnosis and Management of Acral Pigmented Lesions

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. BACKGROUND Survival outcomes in acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) are worse than for cutaneous melanoma. Diagnostic delays are believed to contribute to worse outcomes in ALM, including advanced-stage disease at initial presentation. Acral lentiginous melanoma, especially in its early stages, may be difficult to discern from benign pigmented acral lesions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the diagnosis and management of acral pigmented lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was performed. The outcomes included were the clinical and dermoscopic features and the management frameworks and considerations for acquired and congenital melanocytic nevi, acral melanosis, nonmelanocytic pigmented lesions, and ALM. RESULTS Original research studies were primarily included. The use of dermoscopy, such as the 3-step algorithm and blotch (irregular), ridge pattern (parallel), asymmetry of structures, asymmetry of colors, furrow pattern (parallel), fibrillar pattern (BRAAFF) checklist, increases the diagnostic accuracy of acral pigmented lesions with high specificity and sensitivity. Short-term digital dermoscopic surveillance can be used to manage acral lesions, and histopathology should be collected when there is a concern for ALM. CONCLUSION The use of dermoscopy and an understanding of how to manage acral lesions may limit the number of biopsies performed on the acral skin, decrease the time to diagnosis, and facilitate early detection of ALM.
Te hauora karu o te iwi Māori: A comprehensive review of Māori eye health in Aotearoa/New Zealand

This article provides a summary of available data on Māori ocular health, highlighting significant disparities between Māori and non‐Māori populations. Māori are more likely to develop diabetes, sight‐threatening retinopathy and keratoconus, and present for cataract surgery earlier with more advanced disease. Limited data exists for macular degeneration and glaucoma, but there is some suggestion that Māori may have lower prevalence rates. The article emphasises the urgent need for robust national data on Māori ocular health to enable targeted interventions and funding allocation. Achieving equity for Māori in all aspects of health, including ocular health, requires concerted efforts from all stakeholders.
Trade‐offs between the instantaneous growth rate and long‐term fitness: Consequences for microbial physiology and predictive computational models

Microbial systems biology has made enormous advances in relating microbial physiology to the underlying biochemistry and molecular biology. By meticulously studying model microorganisms, in particular Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, increasingly comprehensive computational models predict metabolic fluxes, protein expression, and growth. The modeling rationale is that cells are constrained by a limited pool of resources that they allocate optimally to maximize fitness. As a consequence, the expression of particular proteins is at the expense of others, causing trade‐offs between cellular objectives such as instantaneous growth, stress tolerance, and capacity to adapt to new environments. While current computational models are remarkably predictive for E. coli and S. cerevisiae when grown in laboratory environments, this may not hold for other growth conditions and other microorganisms. In this contribution, we therefore discuss the relationship between the instantaneous growth rate, limited resources, and long‐term fitness. We discuss uses and limitations of current computational models, in particular for rapidly changing and adverse environments, and propose to classify microbial growth strategies based on Grimes's CSR framework.
Synchronization of nonuniform Kuramoto oscillators for power grids with general connectivity and dampings

We consider the synchronization problem of swing equations, a second-order nonuniform Kuramoto model, with general connectivity and dampings. This is motivated by its relevance to the dynamics of power grids. As an important topic in power grids, people have been paying special attention to the transient stability which concerns the system’s ability to reach an acceptable synchronism after a transient disturbance. For this concern, an important problem is to determine whether the post-fault state is located in the basin of attraction of synchronous states (sync basin). Recently this issue is becoming more and more challenging since the highly stochastic renewable power sources exert more transient disturbances on the power grids with increasing size and complexity. In Dörfler et al (2013 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110 2005–10), it was pointed out that the sync basin is an important unsolved problem. In Li et al (2014 SIAM J. Control Optim. 52 2482–511), an explicit estimate on the region of attraction of coupled oscillators with homogenous damping for network with diameter less than two was obtained. However, it turns out that these assumptions are too restrictive in many real situations. The purpose of this work is to study the emergence of synchronization and give an estimate for sync basin for the nonuniform Kurmaoto model on connected graphs with general dampings, which is the most general setting for a connected power grid. Our strategy is based on the gradient-like formulation and energy estimate.
China's emerging cities : the making of new urbanism

© 2007 Selection and editorial matter, Fulong Wu; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved. With urbanism becoming the key driver of socio-economic change in China, this book provides much needed up-to-date material on Chinese urban development. Demonstrating how it transcends the centrally-planned model of economic growth, and assessing the extent to which it has gone beyond the common wisdom of Chinese 'gradualism', the book covers a wide range of important topics, including: • local land development • the local state • private-public partnership • foreign investment • urbanization • ageing • home ownership. Providing a clear appraisal of recent trends in Chinese urbanism, this book puts forward important new conceptual resources to fill the gap between the outdated model of the 'Third World' city and the globalizing cities of the West.
How a group-based occupational therapy program works in woman with fibromyalgia: A process evaluation of the ADAPT program

Abstract Background The ADAPT Program have improved activities of daily living (ADL) in women with fibromyalgia. To understand the functioning of the program, it is relevant to evaluate how program theory components are linked to outcomes (mechanisms) and how the randomised controlled trial (RCT) context, influenced delivery and outcomes Objective To evaluate ADAPT in terms of dose, mechanisms of change and contextual factors. Material/Methods Dose was recorded on the n = 21 participants receiving ADAPT in the IMPROvE trial (NCT01352052). A subsample of n = 16 attended one of three 2-hour focusgroups, evaluating mechanisms of change and contextual factors. Interview questions explored participants’ interaction with four program components, i.e. how the ‘client-centred approach’, ‘group-based peer-exchange format’, ‘teaching-learning strategies’ and ‘long-term program format’ triggered mechanisms facilitating/hindering outcomes. Moreover, how randomisation procedures influenced delivery and outcomes. Results Attending a long-term educational peer-exchange program, in which participants experienced met by a health professional that legitimised difficulties, facilitated participants knowledge, insights and motivation for changing habits. With time and support, participants experienced increased acceptance of their situation and began to implement more effective ways to perform ADL tasks. Conclusions/Significance Results support previous findings of improved ADL ability post-ADAPT and provide initial evidence to support the ADAPT Program theory.
Adapted Assistance and Resistance Training With a Knee Exoskeleton After Stroke

Studies on robotic interventions for gait rehabilitation after stroke require: (i) rigorous performance evidence; (ii) systematic procedures to tune the control parameters; and (iii) combination of control modes. In this study, we investigated how stroke individuals responded to training for two weeks with a knee exoskeleton (ABLE-KS) using both Assistance and Resistance training modes together with auditory feedback to train peak knee flexion angle. During the training, the torque provided by the ABLE-KS and the biofeedback were systematically adapted based on the subject’s performance and perceived exertion level. We carried out a comprehensive experimental analysis that evaluated a wide range of biomechanical metrics, together with usability and users’ perception metrics. We found significant improvements in peak knee flexion (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p} = {0}.{0016}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), minimum knee angle during stance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p} = {0}.{0053}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), paretic single support time (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p} = {0}.{0087}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and gait endurance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p} = {0}.{022}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) when walking without the exoskeleton after the two weeks of training. Participants significantly (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p} < {0}.{00025}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) improved the knee angle during the stance and swing phases when walking with the exoskeleton powered in the high Assistance mode in comparison to the No Exo and the Unpowered conditions. No clinically relevant differences were found between Assistance and Resistance training sessions. Participants improved their performance with the exoskeleton (24-55 %) for the peak knee flexion angle throughout the training sessions. Moreover, participants showed a high level of acceptability of the ABLE-KS (QUEST 2.0 score: 4.5 ± 0.3 out of 5). Our preliminary findings suggest that the proposed training approach can produce similar or larger improvements in post-stroke individuals than other studies with knee exoskeletons that used higher training intensities.
Compressibility Analysis of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an emerging optical neuroimaging technique has attracted the interest and attention of many investigators. With the growth of fNIRS data volume, effective data compression methods are urgent. Compressive sensing (CS) has been demonstrated a promising tool to deal with biomedical data. However, whether the compressibility of fNIRS data can discriminate different brain states is unclear. In this study, the fNIRS signals from fifteen attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and fifteen typically developing (TD) children were recorded during an N-back task and a Go/NoGo task respectively. A block sparse Bayesian learning-based CS method was used to reconstruct the compressed fNIRS data. To assess the performance of the CS method, we adopted two metrics, structural similarity index (SSIM) and mean squared error (MSE), both of them effective in evaluating the compressibility of fNIRS data. Then, the two metrics were analyzed to discriminate the brain states of ADHD children and TD children during the two tasks using the multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) method. As indicated by the results, the CS method could reconstruct the compressed fNIRS data with a high reconstruction quality at different compression ratio ($\text{SSIM} > \text{0.988}$ and $\text{MSE} < \text{1.2} \times \text{10}^{-4}$). Furthermore, the MVPA method could distinguish different brain states with high accuracy, and identify that the prefrontal cortex is a key brain region for distinguishing ADHD vs. TD or N-back vs. Go/NoGo. These findings indicated that CS is very promising for the storage and transmission of massive fNIRS data, and the compressibility of fNIRS data is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of ADHD.
The feasibility of incremental peritoneal dialysis for older patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Background This study was performed to investigate the feasibility of incremental peritoneal dialysis (iPD) in older patients. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with age ≥ 60 years old at our center from 2008 to 2017. The patients were divided into two groups based on the daily PD exchanges: iPD group (≤3 × 2 L exchanges), and full dose group (≥4 × 2 L exchanges). Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the risks of anuria and mortalities between groups. Results A total of 238 patients (186 in full dose group and 52 in iPD group) were enrolled. The mean age was 67.8 ± 5.7 years, and 45.8% were females. The baseline glomerular filtration rate was 4.15 ± 2.39 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Multivariate Cox regression models showed that patients in the iPD group patients had significantly decreased risk of anuria (hazard ratio [HR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.81; p = 0.008), and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.98; p = 0.04). Additionally, the incidence of peritonitis was significantly lower in the iPD group than that in the full dose group (0.115 vs. 0.197 episodes per person-year, p = 0.03) during the 36 months of PD commencement. Conclusion Older patients with iPD were independently associated with better preservation of residual kidney function and survival outcomes. Moreover, iPD regimens are also associated with reduced incidence of peritonitis. The iPD strategy might offer a feasible option for older patients.
A Data-driven Distance Metric for Evaluating the effects of Dynamic Range Compression in Adverse Conditions

Dynamic range compression is a crucial component in hearing aids, aiming to restore audibility for hearing-impaired listeners. However, determining suitable compression parameters, such as the time constants for the level estimation stage, remains a topic of debate, as the perceptual benefit of different parameter configurations varies depending on the acoustic conditions. In this study, a data-driven distance metric based on physical metrics was developed to evaluate and compare the performance of various compression systems. This analysis encompassed fast-acting and slow-acting compression, as well as a “scene-aware” compression that dynamically adjusted the release time constant based on the presence of the target. A reference system called “source-independent compression” was also considered, which had access to individual speech and noise signals. Multiple physical metrics were employed to assess the effects of these different compression systems under diverse acoustic conditions, including varying levels of interfering noise and degrees of room reverberation. Factor analysis was applied to derive a concise set of interpretable features representing the impact of compression, expressed as linear combinations of carefully selected objective metrics. The reduced dimensional representation enabled the use of the Manhattan distance to measure the similarity between the compression systems. Results demonstrated that the scene-aware compressor generally exhibited a smaller distance to the reference system compared to both the fast-acting and slow-acting compressors. This finding suggests that an adaptive compression system holds potential benefits across a range of acoustic conditions.
The Total Intra Venous Anesthesia Effect Versus Volatile Anesthesia, on Stress and Pain Levels, in Patients Undergoing Breast Reconstruction in Ambulatory Surgery Center Total Intra Venous Anesthesia Protocol and Stress Response

Aim To compare pain and stress response through cortisol and DHEA levels, implementing. Total intra venous anesthesia (TIVA) versus general anesthesia with volatile anesthetics (VOL). Design This is a prospective randomized correlation study with consecutive measurements. Methods In an ambulatory surgical center from October of 2019 to August of 2020, patients who underwent breast reconstruction with autologous fat grafting were randomized into 2 groups. Patients in the TIVA group (n = 23) received intravenous anesthesia and those in the VOL group (n = 23) received volatile anesthesia (desflurane). Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data were recorded. Arterial systolic (SP) and diastolic (DP) blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation were recorded. Pain and stress levels were evaluated through salivary cortisol and DHEA levels at 4 different time points: T0) 1 hour before induction, T1) during the induction, T2) during anesthesia maintenance, and T3) in recovery phase. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 25.0 at significant level α = . 05. Findings There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups regarding demographic features. Interestingly that there was a statistically significant difference in the vital sign monitoring where patients in the TIVA group reported with higher levels of SP(T2) and DP (T2), whilst DHEA (T1) levels was correlated positively with patient’s age and cortisol (T1) levels and negatively with DP (T3). Conclusions This study supports the use of TIVA as a safe and effective option for anesthesia in patients undergoing breast reconstruction with autologous fat grafting.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Prevalence and Gender Differences

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Children with T1D have a similar or higher prevalence of being overweight (OW) or obese (Ob) compared to healthy peers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CVD risk factors in children and adolescents with T1D and the impact of obesity and sex differences on these factors. Methods: Data of patients aged 10-21 years and who had been using intensive insulin therapy with a diagnosis of T1D for at least three years were evaluated. Patients were divided into normal weight (NW), OW and Ob groups based on body mass index percentiles. Risk factors for CVD (obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension) were compared between groups, and impact of gender was also analyzed. Results: Data of 365 patients (200 girls, 54.8%), were evaluated. Prevalence of OW/Ob was 25.9% and was significantly higher in girls (30.6% vs 20.1%, p<0.001). Rate of hypertension was highest in OW/Ob girls followed by OW/Ob boys, and similar in NW girls and boys (p=0.003). Mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels were highest in OW/Ob girls, followed by OW/Ob boys, NW girls and NW boys, respectively (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Mean high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were similar among groups. Rates of high LDL-c and TG were similar between OW/Ob girls and boys and higher than NW girls, followed by NW boys (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The rate of low HDL-c was similar in OW/Ob girls and boys, and higher than NW girls, followed by NW boys (p<0.001). Overall, girls were 1.9 times more likely than boys to have two or more risk factors for CVD. Factors associated with risk for CVD in multiple logistic regression analyses were being a girl, followed by higher daily insulin dose, higher hemoglobin A1c, and longer duration of diabetes (r=0.856; p<0.001). Conclusion: In spite of the increased prevalence for obesity in both sexes, the trend for CVD risk factors was greater in Ob girls, followed by Ob boys and NW girls. Girls with T1D are more likely to be OW/Ob and to have CVD risk than boys, highlighting the need for early intervention and additional studies to elucidate the causes.
The developing juvenile talus: Radiographic identification of distinct ontogenetic phases and structural trajectories

Trabecular bone architecture in the developing skeleton is a widely researched area of bone biomechanics; however, despite its significance in weight‐bearing locomotion, the developing talus has received limited examination. This study investigates the talus with the purpose of identifying ontogenetic phases and developmental patterns that contribute to the growing understanding of the developing juvenile skeleton. Colour gradient mapping and radiographic absorptiometry were utilised to investigate 62 human tali from 38 individuals, ranging in age‐at‐death from 28 weeks intrauterine to 20 years of age. The perinatal talus exhibited a rudimentary pattern comparable to the structural organisation observed within the late adolescent talus. This early internal organisation is hypothesised to be related to the vascular pattern of the talus. After 2 years of age, the talus demonstrated refinement, where radiographic trajectories progressively developed into patterns consistent with adult trabecular organisation, which are linked to the forces associated with the bipedal gait, suggesting a strong influence of biomechanical forces on the development of the talus.