Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ GRAMMATICAL MASTERY AND STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT AT XI GRADE STUDENTS OF SMAN 1 TARAKAN ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020

The objective of this research was to find out The correlation between students’ grammar mastery and students’ writing achievement at eleventh grade students of SMAN 1 Tarakan. Writing is one of the skills that required the users to master the grammar. The sample was taken from one of the 11 classes of eleventh grade students by used purposive sampling, to collect the data the researcher used Grammar Test and Writing Test. To analyse the data the researcher used Pearson Product Moment. This research used quantitative approach with correlation design, from the result of the research found that there was a fair correlation between students’ grammar mastery and students writing achievement. The result showed that between students’ grammatical mastery and students’ writing achievement obtained a significance value of r table with the correlation value was 0.510>0.3388, the correlation of grammatical mastery and writing achievement was 0.510 which is a medium correlation between grammatical mastery and writing achievement. Based on the result of the research and discussion it can be concluded that there was a significant correlation between students’ grammatical mastery and students’ writing achievement at XI grade students of SMAN 1 Tarakan .
Emerging foliar and soil‐borne pathogens of leafy vegetable crops: a possible threat to Europe

Italy is one of the leading countries for the production and consumption of ready‐to‐eat salads. This has led to a steady increase in the area used over the last decade for the growth of leafy vegetables under intensive systems. The recent new diseases that affect lettuce, wild and cultivated rocket, lamb's lettuce, spinach and basil are reported here: Plectosphaerella cucumerina on wild rocket, endive and lamb's lettuce, Fusarium equiseti on wild and cultivated rocket and lettuce, Myrothecium verrucaria on spinach and wild rocket, Myrothecium roridum on lamb's lettuce, Allophoma tropica on lettuce and Alternaria sp. on basil and rocket are among the new foliar pathogens in Italy. Among the soil‐borne pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare and Pythium Cluster B2a have recently been isolated in Italy on spinach and Swiss chard, lamb's lettuce and lettuce, while Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, which causes lettuce wilt, is gradually spreading to new countries. Some of the new pathogens have been found to be transmitted by seed and typical of tropical climate, and are thus favoured by the increases in temperature linked to climate change. The globalization of markets, climate change and intensive cultivation are among the factors responsible for the proliferation and spread of some of these new pathogens that are ‘alien’ to Italian production systems.
Deposition of Cell Culture Coatings Using a Cold Plasma Deposition Method

Collagen coatings were applied onto polystyrene microplates using a cold atmospheric pressure plasma process. The coatings were compared to standard wet chemical collagen thin films using microscopy, surface energy, infra-red spectroscopy, electrophoresis, and cell culture techniques. Thin films were also deposited on gold electrodes using both coating methods and their structural and barrier properties probed using cyclic voltammetry. While the wet chemical technique produced a thicker deposit, both films appear equivalent in terms of coverage, porosity, structure, and chemistry. Significantly, the cold plasma method preserves both the primary and secondary structure of the protein and this results in high biocompatibility and cell activity that is at least equivalent to the standard wet chemical technique. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the benefits of a single step plasma coating in comparison to the traditional multi-step aseptic coating technique.
Relating teenagers’ science interest network characteristics to later science course enrolment: An analysis of Australian PISA 2006 and Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth data

Recently, students’ interest in science has been conceptualized as a network model: the science interest network model (SINM) in which affective, behavioural and cognitive components interact together; building on science interest being a dynamic relational construct. In the current study, we combine the Australian Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2006 and Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth 2008 data (N = 4758) to investigate relationships between the network characteristics of Year 10 students with their decision to enrol in a science course in Year 12. Specifically, we identified indicators central to the SINM and tested whether they predicted chemistry, physics and biology course enrolment. Students’ intentions to pursue a science-related study or career (future intentions in science) and their enjoyment of science (science enjoyment) were the most central indicators for all three science courses. Centrality was strongly related to course enrolment (r = .36–.74), lending support to the validity of network theory in the context of science interest, as central indicators may play an influential role within the network.
Late Quaternary thrusting in the southern margin of the Chaiwopu Basin, northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland

Thrusting and the associated folding are crucial geological processes accommodating the crustal shortening in a foreland setting. This work focuses on the late Quaternary thrusting of the Banfanggou fault (BF) in the southern Chaiwopu Basin, northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland. The outcrops at the Urumqi River in the western part of the southern margin of the basin show that the BF, dipping south with angle of 60–80 °, has thrust the Neogene mudstone onto the Quaternary gravels and has displaced the terrace surfaces. In contrast, the eastern segment of the BF exists as a blind thrust fault. By using the geomorphic surface (river terrace and alluvial fan) as the reference, the average rate of vertical slip on the western segment of the BF over the past ~12 ka is estimated to ~1.7 mm/year, and the estimated rate at the eastern segment of the fault is ~1.0–1.3 mm/year. Despite of the uncertainties of the rates deriving from the vertical offsets and the geomorphic ages, the resultant vertical slip rates might imply relatively high seismic risk in the southern Chaiwopu Basin.
Strategy for Developing Interest of Entrepreneurship through a Culinary Business Management Course

The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the entrepreneurial interest of Diploma students in Culinary Engineering in Culinary Business Management (CBM) course, (2) to formulate strategies for developing students’ entrepreneurial interest through the CBM course as recommendations for lectures in the next period. This ex post facto research with a descriptive approach was carried out in February to July 2019 in the Diploma Study Program of Culinary Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY). The population of the study consisted of 40 students who took CBM in the odd semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. A purposive sampling technique was employed while the questionnaire was used in the data collection. Quantitative descriptive was used to analyze the data. The results show that: (1) Entrepreneurial interest of Diploma students of Culinary Engineering in the CBM course is 40% in the Very High category and 60% in the High category, (2) there are four strategies for developing students’ entrepreneurial interest through the CBM course, namely SO (Strength-Opportunity) strategy: while WO (Weakness-Opportunity) strategy, ST (Weakness-Opportunity) strategy, and WT (Weakness-Threat) strategy. The benefits of this study are firstly, for students, it investigates students’ entrepreneurial interests through learning CBM, for education staff, it examines the effectiveness of learning CBM in forming students’ entrepreneurial interests, and for educational institutions, it is an effort to evaluate and recommend learning CBM to form students’ entrepreneurship.
Tolerance and Suppression of Weeds Varies among Carrot Varieties

Slow carrot emergence and canopy development render the crop a poor competitor with weeds. In this study, the ability to suppress weeds and maintain yield in the presence of weeds was compared among nine carrot varieties that included those selected by plant breeders for rapid vegetative canopy development compared to traditional varieties. Two weed management treatments were compared: handweeding for 21 d after carrot seeding versus handweeding for the entire carrot season. In years and locations with low to moderate weed pressure, such as in the 2014 study, differences among carrot varieties in weed competitiveness or tolerance were less apparent and therefore less relevant. Maximum carrot yield loss to weed competition among varieties was 28% in 2014. Yield loss in the presence of weeds was 15% or less with six of the nine carrot varieties. However, when weed pressure was intense in the 2015 study, both carrot plant density and carrot canopy development were inversely related to weed biomass. Carrot yield loss in the presence of weeds ranged from 38 to 87%. Despite correcting seeding populations for differences in germination among carrot varieties, carrot stand establishment varied greatly and would likely affect subsequent weed control measures such as timely cultivation or herbicide application. Future research efforts are warranted that consider carrot stand establishment factors and their relationship with integrated weed management programs. Nomenclature: Carrot, Daucus carota L. var. sativus Hoffm.
Psychometric Properties of the Safety Climate Survey in Austrian Acute Care: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Usability

Background Hospitals are complex organizations with a potential for medical errors that can be influenced by safety culture. Safety climate, as measurable element of safety culture, illustrates the perception of safety-relevant aspects of health care staff at a certain time. The Safety Climate Survey is applied internationally to measure safety climate. However, psychometrics for the German version of the survey have yet not been evaluated. The aim of this study is to explore the factor structure, reliability, and potential usefulness of the Safety Climate Survey in Austrian acute care. Methods Cross-sectional surveys of physicians, therapists, and nurses/midwives were implemented. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out, both in total sample and split by 2 selected professions. After deriving a factor structure for both professions, internal consistency and scale means were calculated for the subscales. Finally, mean subscale differences between physicians and nurses/midwives were tested. Results Of 5160 eligible staff, 933 respondents participated. A 6-factor solution explaining 59.1% of total variance was identified. Comparison by profession illustrated that the factor structures and item loading patterns differ between physicians and nurses/midwives. To achieve an overarching solution, 5 items were excluded from consecutive subscale measures because of cross-loadings and contradictory factor loadings. Subscales demonstrated good to low internal consistency (α = 0.794–0.535). Significant mean differences between subscales of professions were found relating to 3 factors. Conclusions The German Safety Climate Survey measures safety climate multidimensionally rather than unidimensionally and demonstrated some limitations in factor structures and item loadings but overall had satisfactory reliability of the 6 subscales.
HYPERTENSION AND RELATED FACTORS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL BEKASI, INDONESIA

Hypertension is one of non-communicable diseases which prevalence is high in Indonesia, not only among adult and elderly but also among adolescent. Hypertension can be caused by various factors including fat intake, fi ber intake and nutritional status. The purpose of this study was analyze the correlation of fat intake, fi ber intake, and obesity with hypertension among female students at Vocational high school, Bekasi, Indonesia. This was a cross sectional study among 255 female students who were selected by purposive sampling technique. Hypertension was measured using sphygmomanometer with 95 percentile cut-off based on sex, age, and body height (cut-off hypertension was > 104-115 mmHg systolic and > 62-68 mmHg diastolic blood pressure). Fat and fi ber intake were assessed using Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and obesity was measured using digital weighing scales and microtoise. Data were analyzed by chi square test. The results showed that prevalence of female students with low f fat intake was 58,8%; low fi ber intake was 82,0%; obesity was 25,1%; and hypertension was 16,5%. There was a positive correlation between fat intake (p=0,011) and obesity (p<0,01) with hypertension but no correlation was found between fi ber intake (p=0,916) and hypertension. Fat intake and obesity were related to the hypertension in adolescents. Routine blood pressure checks and restrictions on fat intake are needed to reduce the risk of hypertension in adolescents.
Where Do You Want to Go for Dinner? A Preference Expression Asymmetry in Joint Consumption

This research introduces a framework wherein consumers take on “requestor” or “responder” roles in making joint consumption decisions. The authors document a robust preference expression asymmetry wherein “requestors” soliciting others’ consumption preferences (e.g., “Where do you want to go for dinner? ”) desire preference expressions (e.g., “Let’s go to this restaurant”), whereas “responders” instead do not express preferences (e.g., “Anywhere is fine with me”). This asymmetry generalizes under a broad set of situations and occurs because the requestor and responder roles differ in their foci. Compared to responders, requestors are more focused on mitigating the difficulty of arriving at a decision, whereas compared to requestors, responders are more focused on conveying likability by appearing easygoing. Responders thus behave suboptimally, incurring a “preference cost” (when masking preferences) and a “social friction cost” (requestors favor responders who express preferences). Requestors can elicit preference expression by conveying their own dislike of decision making, which increases responders’ focus on mitigating decision difficulty. The authors conclude by discussing the framework’s contributions to looking “under the hood” of joint consumption decisions.
Navigating contested memories in a commercialised setting: conflict avoidance strategies in Kyiv city tour guiding

ABSTRACT While the tourism industry is oriented towards creating attractive images of destinations, histories of violence and suffering have increasingly been incorporated into tourism offers and are often actively promoted by states and tourism organisations. A growing body of scholarship has focused on how difficult pasts have been represented and have analysed the driving factors behind the rise of such heritage. Commercial tourism offers such as guided city tours have however largely been overlooked as arenas for communicating difficult pasts. This article provides an in-depth examination of memory work of commercial guides, focusing on the example of Russian-language tour guiding in Ukraine’s capital Kyiv. Drawing on participant observations of 20 guided city tours and interviews with 18 tour guides, the article identifies a wide range of narrative strategies that guides adopt to navigate pasts that have been subject to memory conflicts. During tours, guides adjust how much they say, what evidence they provide, what aspects of the past they present as relevant as well as their manner of speaking. These conflict avoidance strategies are part of a pragmatic approach to memory that deserves greater attention in the study of difficult pasts.
Foraging patterns of common crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) on spruces (Picea spp.) in Scotland

Common crossbills forage on Sitka spruce and Norway spruce when the cones reach full size in late summer until the seeds have shed in the following spring. Sitka spruce start shedding seed in autumn, thereby reducing the food supply for crossbills through autumn to spring, whereas Norway spruce retain their seeds until spring. Crossbills forage on cones that are attached to the tree (more so for Norway spruces) or are removed from the tree by the crossbills before feeding. The latter cones are then dropped after seed extraction. The mean length of dropped Sitka spruce cones was 72 mm, close to the average length in a widespread survey. This suggests little size selection. The mean length of dropped Norway spruce cones was 90 mm, which was much smaller than the average length in the survey. Although used, large cones are probably left attached to trees because they are too heavy to handle if cut from the tree. The average percentage of seeds extracted before a cone was dropped was 45% for Sitka spruce and 42% for Norway spruce. There was a trend for fewer Sitka spruce seeds to be taken per cone across the period between autumn and spring. Incomplete extraction of seeds suggests that cones become unprofitable as the seed number is depleted in cones and that the threshold for switching cones changes as the number of seeds per cone declines.
Can small zooplankton mix lakes?

The idea that living organisms may contribute to turbulence and mixing in lakes and oceans (biomixing) dates to the 1960s, but has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Recent modeling and experimental studies suggest that marine organisms can enhance turbulence as much as winds and tides in oceans, with an impact on mixing. However, other studies show opposite and contradictory results, precluding definitive conclusions regarding the potential importance of biomixing. For lakes, only models and lab studies are available. These generally indicate that small zooplankton or passive bodies generate turbulence but different levels of mixing depending on their abundance. Nevertheless, biogenic mixing is a complex problem, which needs to be explored in the field, to overcome limitations arising from numerical models and lab studies, and without altering the behavior of the animals under study.
Evaluation of temporal consistency of snow depth drivers of a Rocky Mountain watershed in southern Alberta

Collecting spatially representative data over large areas is a challenge within snow monitoring frameworks. Identifying consistent trends in snow accumulation properties enables increased sampling efficiency by minimizing field collection time and/or remote sensing costs. Seasonal snowpack depth estimations during mid‐winter and melt onset conditions were derived from airborne Lidar over the West Castle Watershed in the southern Canadian Rockies on three dates. Each dataset was divided into five sets of snow depth driver classes: elevation, aspect, topographic position index, canopy cover and slope. Datasets were quality controlled by eliminating snow depth values above the 99th percentile value, which had a negligible effect on average snow depths. Consistent trends were observed among driver classes with peak snow accumulation occurring within the treeline ecotone, north‐facing aspects, open canopies, topographic depressions and areas with low slope angle. Although mid‐winter class trends for each driver were similar and watershed‐scale snow depth distributions were significantly correlated (0.76, p < .01), depth distributions within the same driver class of the three datasets were not correlated due to recent snowfall events, redistribution and settling processes. Trends in driver classes during late season melt onset were similar to mid‐winter conditions but watershed scale distribution correlation results varied with seasonality (0.68 mid‐winter 2014 and melt onset 2016; 0.65 mid‐winter 2017 and melt onset 2016, p < .1). This is due to the differing stages of accumulation or ablation and the upward migration in the 0°C isotherm during spring, when snow depth can be declining in valley bottoms while still increasing at higher elevations. The observed consistency in depth driver controls can be used to guide future integrated snow monitoring frameworks.
Isolation, Characterization And Identification Of Bacteria Associated With Freshly Collected Quail Eggs In Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

Quail eggs are considered a delicacy which are taken raw by most consumers with the aim of deriving all the nutritional constituent and medicinal benefit. This research focused on the microbial load of the sampled eggs and the identity of the isolated organisms. Sixty (60) eggs were collected from 5 different farms, analyzed microbiologically and the organisms identified. It was found that 18.33% of the quail eggs were sterile, 28.33% of the eggs carried coliform and 11.67% of the eggs carried salmonella. The average microbial load of the quail eggs for the farms ranged from 0.0CFU/ml in sterile eggs to 2.87x102CFU/ml in heavily loaded eggs. All of the farm have coliform while 4 out of the 5 farms produced eggs that carries salmonella. The organisms isolated in the eggs are Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp and Proteus.
A multi-tool approach to assess microalgal diversity in lichens: isolation, Sanger sequencing, HTS and ultrastructural correlations

Abstract Lichen thalli represent the most conspicuous examples of fungal-algal interactions. Studies that describe phycobiont diversity within entire thalli are based mainly on Sanger sequencing. In some lichen species, this technique could underestimate the intrathalline coexistence of multiple microalgae. In this study different multi-tool approaches were applied to two lichen taxa, Circinaria hispida and Flavoparmelia soredians, to detect algal coexistence. Here, we combined Sanger sequencing, a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer, 454-pyrosequencing, phycobiont isolation and ultrastructural characterization. Furthermore, we compared pyrenoid ultrastructural features of lichenized phycobionts with microalgae isolated in culture. An improved methodology was used to isolate and propagate phycobionts which, in combination with fast genetic identification, resulted in a considerable reduction in time and cost to complete the process. This isolation method, coupled with a specific PCR primer, allowed for the detection of coexisting algae in C. hispida (four Trebouxia lineages). 454-pyrosequencing detected only a fraction of such diversity, while Sanger sequencing identified only the primary phycobiont. Ultrastructural features of the isolated algae were observed by transmission electron microscopy; the maintenance of the pyrenoid characteristics suggested the existence of different Trebouxia lineages. In F. soredians a single Trebouxia lineage was identified using all these approaches. In cases of lichens with algal coexistence, a combination of different molecular and ultrastructural approaches may be required to reveal the underlying algal diversity within a single thallus. The approach proposed in this study provides information about the relationship between molecular and ultrastructural data, and represents an improvement in the delimitation of taxonomic features which is needed to recognize intrathalline Trebouxia diversity.