Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Scabies and Head Lice and Their Associated Risk Factors among Displaced People in Cham Mishko Camp, Zakho City, Duhok Province, Iraq

Abstract This study was conducted to estimate the incidence and the effects of associated risk factors of scabies and head lice on displaced people in Cham Mishko camp, Zakho city, Duhok Province, Iraq. The study included 1300 internally displaced people (IDPs) who visited the dermatology clinic and health care center in Cham Mishko camp from January 2018 to December 2019. Participants’ bio-information was collected on special questionnaire form after receiving permission from the camp’s health authorities and verbal consent from the participants. Monthly weather data were collected from Duhok Directorate of Meteorology and Seismology. The total rate of ectoparasites was 81.2% (45% for scabies and 36.2% for head lice). Ages from 1–10, 21–30, and 31–40 years showed the highest rates with scabies (48.1%, 46.7% and 46.1%, respectively), while the highest rates of head pediculosis were at ages from 1–10 and 11–20 years (40% and 36.6%, respectively). Scabies rate was slightly higher in males than females (46.6% vs. 43.4%), while the rate of head pediculosis was significantly higher in females than males (58.2% vs. 13.9%). Families with more than ten people showed the highest rates of scabies and head pediculosis (49.5% and 74.5%). Scabies was more common in cold months than in summer while head pediculosis was more common in hot months. The number of scabies and head pediculosis cases increased by 123 and 85 cases, respectively, in 2019. It is inferred that the effects of scabies and head pediculosis in IDPs will be considerable, with a higher carriage rate than other studies in Iraq.
The Founder-Firm Disparity Using the Theory of Effectuation to Explain why Founders Leave their Firms

Both Effectuation and Entrepreneurial Exit theories are in nascent states. This means there are many gaps that need filling, ideas to be expanded upon and theories to be tested. This thesis fills a gap in these theories by taking Effectuation theory and making a first attempt at explaining Founder Exit, a part of Entrepreneurial Exit, with it. Two case companies working in the Swedish online retail industry were chosen for this study due to their similar beginnings, similar-looking growth curves and yet their dissimilar endings, with one firm’s founders selling their shares and leaving and the others staying to continue the adventure. Effectuation theory predicted that founders were likely to leave because their growing firms would build big company structures, creating a culture clash between founder and firm. This clash was seen to be very present and has been coined the “Founder-Firm Disparity”. Effectuation is therefore shown to be a good theory for explaining Founder Exit from successful firms.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHERE MODERN MACROECONOMICS WENT WRONG

This paper provides a critique of the DSGE models that have come to dominate macroeconomics during the past quarter-century. It argues that at the heart of the failure were the wrong microfoundations, which failed to incorporate key aspects of economic behaviour, e.g. incorporating insights from information economics and behavioural economics. Inadequate modelling of the financial sector meant they were ill-suited for predicting or responding to a financial crisis; and a reliance on representative agent models meant they were ill-suited for analysing either the role of distribution in fluctuations and crises or the consequences of fluctuations on inequality. The paper proposes alternative benchmark models that may be more useful both in understanding deep downturns and responding to them. Joseph E. Stiglitz Uris Hall, Columbia University 3022 Broadway, Room 212 New York, NY 10027 and NBER jes322@columbia.edu
Fluoride removal by adsorption on thermally treated lateritic soils

The ability of lateritic soils to remove fluoride from water has been studied. Important issues considered in the study include the relation between the mineral composition of soils and their ability to remove fluoride, the effect of thermal treatment of the soil on fluoride removal; the predominant fluoride containing species remain in the treated water and the possible mechanism of fluoride removal by lateritic soils. The fluoride removal capacity of thermally treated lateritic soils used in this study is in the range of 22 to 47 mmol/kg. The maximum capacity of 47 mmol/kg was obtained for RGS fired at 500 o C. The results obtained indicate that there is strong correlation between fluoride removal capacity and gibbsite content of the soil. From this it can be concluded that gibbsite is the active component in lateritic soils that strongly influence the fluoride removal capability. Speciation analysis reveals that at low initial fluoride concentrations the dissolution of gibbsite is facilitated by the adsorption of fluoride onto gibbsite. This may result in the formation of aluminum fluoro complexes in water. KEY WORDS : Fluoride removal, Laterite soils, Speciation analysis, Adsorption capacity, Thermal treatment Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2012 , 26(3), 361-372. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/bcse.v26i3. 5
Assignment of the major and minor components of gentamicin for evaluation of batches

The antibiotic agent gentamicin sulfate is a mixture of several structurally very similar aminoglycosides. The major components of gentamicin are gentamicin C1, C1a, C2 and C2a. These major components were separated by means of column chromatography. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the free bases and the corresponding sulfates were assigned using HMQC, HMBC and selective TOCSY experiments. Additionally, the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the sulfates and hydrochlorides, respectively, of the minor components were assigned. The full assignment of all components of gentamicin is necessary for the quantitative analysis of batches of gentamicin. By means of coupled liquid chromatography–NMR, several different batches were studied, revealing different compositions of batches from various sources. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of competition & economic policy uncertainty on payout policy of the Indian pharmaceutical industry

Extant literature shows that competition and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) have a bearing on the economic growth, investments and payout policies. However, studies in this area have been limited in India. The objective of this paper is to examine the influence of competition and EPU on the Dividend Payments of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry and whether the dividend payment was affected by the Financial Crisis of 2008/09. The study is conducted on 12-year data i.e. from 1.4. 2007 to 31.3. 2019. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is used to check the market concentration and EPU is measured by the newly developed Newspaper based EPU index. Profitability, leverage and firm size are used as control variables. Fixed Effects model in Panel regression is used. Chow test checks if there was any break in the dividend payment during the Financial Crisis. The study establishes that dividend payment is inversely related to industry concentration when there is more competition, there is more dividend payment in the industry. Dividend payment is positively related to EPU. Higher the uncertainty, higher the dividend. While leverage is inversely related to dividend payment, size of the firm does not play any role. Chow test confirms that Financial Crisis did not influence the dividend payout.
Degradation and Transformation of Trichloroethylene in Miscible-Displacement Experiments through Zerovalent Metals

Fate and transport of chlorinated solvents flowing through reactive barriers containing zerovalent metals are influenced by advection, dispersion, adsorption, and transformation reactions. Batch experiments or resident concentration column experiments have been used extensively to study reactions of zerovalent metals and for the design of in situ flow-through reactive barriers. However, extending results from batch or resident concentration column experiments to zerovalent metal flow-through systems may be challenging because sorption and degradation are indistinguishable, and nonequilibrium adsorption−desorption may occur. This study presents the first reported miscible-displacement experiments to study the fate and transport of chlorinated solvents flowing through zerovalent metals. The miscible-displacement experiments resulted in simultaneous breakthrough curves of trichloroethylene (TCE) and its reduction daughter product, ethylene. Pulses of dissolved TCE were introduced, at three different flow rat.
Re‐Os Isotopic Measurements at the Femtomole Level in Natural Samples

Here we describe a new chemical separation method for Os and an improved mass spectrometric procedure for Re and Os. This technique is based on the selective extraction of OsO4 from aqueous solution in liquid bromine. Among other advantages, this procedure avoids the cumbersome distillation procedure for Os and uses only commercial “off the shelf” PFA teflon labware. Blank levels for 0.5 g sample sizes are: 0.06 pg and 0.5 pg for Os and Re respectively. Samples containing as little as 1 pg g−1 Os can be analysed reliably with this method. Adaptation to other dissolution methods is also discussed.
Recent Advances in Modeling Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Strong Electrolyte Systems

Understanding the thermodynamic properties of aqueous strong electrolyte systems is essential for design and simulation of a wide variety of important chemical processes including wastewater treatment, extractive distillation, solution crystallization, desalination, mineral scale formation in steam systems, and gas scrubbing. Theoretical and engineering models for the thermodynamic properties of strong electrolyte solutions have advanced significantly since 1985. This progress is notable in the ability to calculate selected properties of single and mixed strong electrolyte solutions over a wide range of temperatures and compositions, including effects of various non-electrolytes, solvents and supercritical components. Theoretical studies have begun to consider more realistic fundamental interactions between various components in these systems. There have been several successful conversions of theories based on the mean spherical approximation and perturbation methods into engineering equations, without large numbers of empirical parameters. Other theoretical models seem almost ready for application to real systems. The capability to estimate a wide variety of thermodynamic properties accurately with a consistent set of equations and a small number of adjustable parameters has been achieved by several groups over limited temperature and composition ranges. Much work remains to be done, however, to understand completely the interplay and relative importance of various contributing energymore » effects. « less
Spectroscopic study of microwave plasmas of CO2 and CO2–N2 mixtures at atmospheric pressure

A comprehensive study of CO2 and CO2(97%)–N2(3%) plasmas produced by a microwave torch at atmospheric pressure is carried out through the spectroscopic analysis of Abel inverted emission spectra. The temperature profiles at the exit of the cavity are determined from oxygen and carbon atomic line absolute intensities and from the adjustment of vibration–rotation molecular spectra. The predominant molecular radiation in the UV and visible ranges emanates from the C2 Swan system in the case of CO2 plasma and from CN violet and red systems for CO2–N2 plasma. Significant contributions are also found from some O2, CO+ and NO systems. A sensitivity analysis to rotational and vibrational temperatures is carried out systematically for the different investigated spectral ranges. It is found that the various molecular temperatures are very close to each other. However, atomic temperatures are slightly lower than molecular ones, indicating a weak departure from thermodynamic or chemical equilibrium for atoms.
Thermal conductivity of semi-insulating, p-type, and n-type GaN films on sapphire

The thermal conductivity of undoped, n-type, and p-type GaN films deposited on (0001) substrates of sapphire was measured by the 3-ω method in the temperature range between 215 and 300K. The thickness, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity of the individual layers were used to simulate the experimental value of the increment in temperature of the heater using a multilayer model. The thermal conductivity of undoped GaN film was found to be much higher than that of p-type film. Also, the thermal conductivity of n-type GaN film was slightly smaller than that of p-type film. Modeling of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity in the films showed that phonon-dopant and three-phonon umklapp scattering are important. Smaller thickness and hence smaller volume fraction of the film with lower dislocation density was also found to be responsible for lower thermal conductivity in n- and p-type GaN films.
Silicon photovoltaic modules: a brief history of the first 50 years

The history of silicon terrestrial module evolution over the last 50 years is briefly reviewed. Key technical developments that occurred over a rapid evolutionary period between 1975 and 1985 are identified. Information is included on improvements in both the energy conversion efficiency and prices of commercial modules over the 50‐year timeframe. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Constructive Operators of the Working Mind: A Developmental Account of Mental-Attentional Capacity

Many psychological theories attempt to explain the mechanisms that govern cognition in adults, and fewer theories attempt to explain also how cognitive mechanisms change across development. Even fewer theories provide a brain representation of mechanisms related to cognitive development. One such theory is the Theory of Constructive Operators. In this review, we present key components of this general theory and provide quantitative predictions for the development of core cognitive abilities such a mental-attentional capacity. Specifically, the model of endogenous mental attention presents a domain-free resource that increases in power during childhood and adolescence. Mental-attentional capacity grows concurrently with prefrontal brain regions and is a fundamental factor that contributes to individual differences in cognitive abilities. We provide examples of a sophisticated method of meta-subjective task analysis that can serve as a tool for evaluating the mental demand of a task. Overall, the theory of constructive operators and its brain representations, its theory-based tasks, and the method of meta-subjective task analysis are useful tools for psychologists, educators, and neuroscientists who investigate aspects of development. Correspondence: Marie Arsalidou, marie.arsalidou@gmail.com, 4/2 Armyansky ln. , 101000 Moscow, Russia, School of Psychology, NRU HSE; Juan Pascual-Leone, juanpl@yorku.ca; Janice M. Johnson, janicej@yorku.ca; Tatyana Kotova, tkotova@gmail.com
EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF DIFFERENT LEGUMES SPECIES BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND NODULATION DIFFERENCES UNDER WATER DEFICIENT

Soil fertility depletion is a major limiting factor affecting crop production in Kenya’s arid and semi arid lands deficiency and low usage of commercial fertilizers. Amongst unexplored solutions that can mitigate these constraints includes potential role of rhizobia in crop performance conditions. Thus the present study analyzed the effects of drought stress on nodule formation, growth and yield of four legumes (beans, cowpeas, dolichos lablab and green grams) commonly cultivated in Kenya’s ASALs county of Kitui. block design with drought stress treatment (DST) induced through withholding total irrigation and well watered treatment (WWT) maintained as a control. demarcated. The four legumes were randomly assigned to the plots and maintained under WWT. One month after planting (MAP), DST was randomly induced by withholding irrigation in two blocks while WWT was maintained in the other two blocks as controls. Upon t experiment, root nodules were carefully harvested from each legume in both DST and WWT. The nodules were then inoculant for specificity assays under gree DST had significantly (p control or plants under WWT indicating the general deleterious impact of water deficit on legume nodulati lessening GYD in legumes. Amongst the legumes, green grams had significantly (P GYD, TND and least WIX, dolichos, lablab and cowpeas exhibited moderate per three traits while beans showed the least TND, GYD and high WIX under DST. Under DST, Green grams had significantly (p was significantly affected by water stress to give with GYD and negatively with wilting (WIX), potentially implying that higher nodulation might have enhanced nitrogen fixation thus higher legume YLD and tolerance to water deficit. Based on observed performance i.e. wilting index, root nodules number per plant and grain yield, green grams was considered drought tolerant and beans drought susceptible, therefore this study recommends adoption and growing of green grams (variety KS
EVALUATING THE MICRONUTRIENT FERTILITY OF NIGERIA'S SEMIARID SAVANNA SOILS: 1. COPPER AND MANGANESE

Using greenhouse cropping and chemical procedures, I evaluated the status of available copper and manganese in 55 representative soils of the seasonally dry Nigerian savanna. Both metals were extracted with 0.1 M EDTA in 1 N NH4OAc pH 7.0, and in addition, Cu was extracted with 0.1 N HCl and Mn with 0.05 N HCl + 0.025 N H2SO4. Thirty of the soils were cropped to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in two experiments (one for Cu and the other for Mn). Each crop was harvested after 42 days, oven-dried, and analyzed for the appropriate metal. Relationships among extractable Cu and Mn, uptake of the micronutrients under greenhouse conditions, and selected soil variables were evaluated through simple and multiple correlation and regression analysis. Extractable Cu levels appeared to be strongly related to organic matter levels and to a lesser extent, to the clay fraction. Extractable Mn was strongly related to pH and to a lesser extent, to soil organic matter. Plant uptake of the two micronutrients was best described by multiple regressions that included the extractable metal, percentage of organic matter, and percentage of clay as independent variables. The extractable Mn levels increased from the slightly leached Inceptisols in the far north of the country to the heavily leached, more acid Ultisols and Oxisols in the south, and the extractable Cu levels increased in the opposite direction. Double-acid and EDTA-extractable Mn ranged from 12.8 to 53.9 ppm (mean of 31.6 ppm) and 1.40 to 47.1 ppm (mean of 24.0 ppm), respectively. Dilute HCl- and EDTA-extractable Cu ranged from 0.54 to 1.69 ppm (mean of 1.03 ppm) and 0.49 to 1.50 ppm (mean 0.87 ppm), respectively. The Nigerian savanna soils appear to be adequately supplied with available Cu and Mn at present, and deficiency problems are unlikely in the immediate future.
Verifiable dynamic searchable encryption

: Using regular encryption schemes to protect the privacy of the outsourced data implies that the client should sacrifice functionality for security. Searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) schemes encrypt the data in a way that the client can later search and selectively retrieve the required data. Many SSE schemes have been proposed, starting with static constructions, and then dynamic and adaptively secure constructions but usually in the honest-but-curious model. We propose a verifiable dynamic SSE scheme that is adaptively secure against malicious adversaries. Our scheme supports file modification, which is essential for efficiently working with large files, in addition to the ability to add/delete files. While our main construction is proven secure in the random oracle model (ROM), we also present a solution secure in the standard model with full security proof. Our experiments show that our scheme in the ROM performs a search within a few milliseconds, verifies the result in another few milliseconds, and has a proof overhead of 0 : 01 % only. Our standard model solution, while being asymptotically slower, is still practical, requiring only a small client memory (e.g., ≃ 488 KB) even for a large file collection (e.g., ≃ 10 GB), and necessitates small tokens (e.g., ≃ 156 KB for search and ≃ 362 KB for file operations).
Cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides catalyzed by imidazolium bromides under mild conditions: influence of the cation on catalyst activity

The synthesis and characterization of a library of imidazolium-based compounds of the type [R1R2R3im]Br (R1 = H, CH3, benzyl (Bz), 1-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro)benzyl (BzF5); R2 = H, CH3, C2H5; R3 = n-butyl, n-octyl) are reported. All compounds were characterized by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction in the case of 1-BzF5-3-n-octylimidazolium bromide and examined as catalysts for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide (PO) to yield propylene carbonate (PC). The catalyst screening shows the influence of different substituents (steric and ion pairing effects) on the catalytic activity. It is shown that the most active catalyst, 1-BzF5-3-n-octylimidazolium bromide (10), gives very good conversions and carbonate yields at 70 °C and below 5 bar CO2 pressure, which is the lowest temperature for the synthesis of PC from PO and CO2 using metal-free catalysts. Catalyst 10 can be recycled and reused at least 10 times without loss of yield and activity.
MASS TRANSFER MODEL BUILDING IN DRYING

ABSTRACT The objective of much experimentation in drying is to build or discover a suitable model for a drying system. In this study, an attempt is made to formulate an approach to the problem of iteratively improving models, guided by the inefficiences of an initial tested model. This model involved both moisture diffusion coefficient and external mass transfer coefficient A statistical analysis was applied to the residual populations created by fitting a model to the experimental data, so as to exhibit possible model inadequacies. Inspection of the tendencies produced. suggested what modifications were necessary for improvement. The cycle was repeated until an adequate model was found.
Physical basis for the transition from globular to spray modes in gas metal arc welding

In gas metal arc welding with argon gas, there is a fairly sudden transition current above which diameters of the molten metal drops detached from the welding wire change from being greater than the wire diameter in the ‘globular’ mode to less than the wire diameter in the ‘spray’ mode. It is concluded that the primary cause of this transition is that at higher currents the magnetic pinch pressure from current within the molten metal becomes larger than the pressure induced by the surface tension of the molten metal. A formula expressing this condition is I = 2π(γD/μ0)1/2, where I is the transition current, D is the diameter of the wire, γ is the surface tension coefficient of the molten metal and μ0 = 1.26 × 10−6 N A−2 is the permeability of free space. This formula predicts transition currents in fair agreement with previously published experimental results from various authors for both steel and aluminium, for wire diameters varying from 0.4 to 3.0 mm. The formula is not valid for carbon dioxide, helium or hydrogen where, unlike argon, there is arc constriction at the base of the welding wire. Nevertheless, the formula represents a useful approximation for the change in metal transfer modes using various welding wire materials if, as is usual, argon is the principal component of the welding gas.