Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observing small-scale γ-ray anisotropies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Disentangling the composition of the diffuse γ-ray background (DGRB) is a major challenge in γ-ray astronomy. It is presumed that at the highest energies, the DGRB is dominated by relatively few, still unresolved point sources. This conjecture has recently been supported by the measurement of small-scale anisotropies in the DGRB by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) up to energies of 500 GeV. We show how such anisotropies can be searched for with the forthcoming Earth-bound Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) up to the TeV range. We investigate different observation modes to analyse CTA data for small-scale anisotropies and propose the projected extragalactic large-area sky survey as the most promising data set. Relying on an up-to-date model of the performance of the southern CTA, we find that CTA will be able to probe anisotropies in the DGRB from unresolved point sources at a relative amplitude of CPI/I2DGRB≳ 4× 10−3sr at energies above 30 GeV and angular scales ≲ 1.5̂. Such DGRB anisotropies have not yet been ruled out by the Fermi-LAT. The proposed analysis would primarily clarify the contribution from blazars and misaligned active galactic nuclei to the very-high-energy regime of the DGRB, as well as provide insight into dark matter annihilation in Galactic and extragalactic density structures. Finally, it constitutes a measurement with complementary systematic uncertainties compared to the Fermi-LAT.
The Extreme Sky - Seven Years of INTEGRAL

Seven years of successful observations of the sky have been completed within the INTEGRAL mission, in the transition regime between X-rays and gamma-rays from ~10-8000 keV. Initially-agreed mission goals have been pursued, and both high-resolution images of point sources and high-resolution spectra of nuclear lines have been obtained. New discoveries have been made, such as X-ray emission from embedded binaries, hard emission tails from AXPs and 60Fe radioactivity lines; these stimulated both theoretical and observational studies, and now make INTEGRAL a valuable asset for the astronomical survey of high-energy sources across the sky. This contribution summarizes the situation after seven years of the mission, and concludes the 7-year anniversary workshop "The extreme sky" held in Otranto, Italy, in Oct 2009.
Distinguishability and Accessible Information in Quantum Theory

This document focuses on translating various information-theoretic measures of distinguishability for probability distributions into measures of distin- guishability for quantum states. These measures should have important appli- cations in quantum cryptography and quantum computation theory. The results reported include the following. An exact expression for the quantum fidelity between two mixed states is derived. The optimal measurement that gives rise to it is studied in detail. Several upper and lower bounds on the quantum mutual information are derived via similar techniques and compared to each other. Of note is a simple derivation of the important upper bound first proved by Holevo and an explicit expression for another (tighter) upper bound that appears implicitly in the same derivation. Several upper and lower bounds to the quan- tum Kullback relative information are derived. The measures developed are also applied to ferreting out the extent to which quantum systems must be disturbed by information gathering measurements. This is tackled in two ways. The first is in setting up a general formalism for describing the tradeoff between inference and disturbance. The main point of this is that it gives a way of expressing the problem so that it appears as algebraic as that of the problem of finding quantum distinguishability measures. The second result on this theme is a theorem that prohibits "broadcasting" an unknown (mixed) quantum state. That is to say, there is no way to replicate an unknown quantum state onto two separate quantum systems when each system is considered without regard to the other. This includes the possibility of correlation or quantum entanglement between the systems. This result is a significant extension and generalization of the standard "no-cloning" theorem for pure states.
The Impact of Interactive Economics Game Board towards Students’ Academic Performance

—Having Gen Y students nowadays, has become big challenges to the educators including lecturers. Traditional learning method which relies on normal classroom setting now is unable to gain students’ interest. The students may feel the subject is difficult, dull and uninteresting since many theories need to be memorized. Because of that, most students were found not to be able to perform well during the examination. Therefore, developing an interactive economics game board named “Catur Ekonomi” is hoped to be able to attract students’ attention and interest in learning economics subject. This game provides an interesting way of learning economics subject as the students’ understanding towards this topic could be enhanced, and their academic performance could be improved. This paper investigated the relationship of interactive learning by application of “Catur Ekonomi” with students’ academic performance. Besides, this article also identified the impact of interactive learning towards students’ academic performance. The students were given a set of questionnaires after playing the “Catur Ekonomi”. The result showed that there was a relationship between interactive learning with students’ academic performance. Besides, the result also showed, there was a positive impact of interactive learning towards students’ academic performance.
Eulerian and Lagrangian properties of turbulent flows under multi-scale helical injection

We present numerical and theoretical results concerning the properties of turbulent flows under strong multi-scale helical injection. We perform direct numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations under a random helical stirring with power-law spectrum and with different intensities of energy and helicity injections. We show that there exists three different regimes where the forward energy and helicity inertial transfers are: (i) both leading with respect to the external injections, (ii) energy transfer is leading and helicity transfer is sub-leading, and (iii) both are sub-leading and helicity is maximal at all scales. As a result, the cases (ii-iii) give flows with Kolmogorov-like inertial energy cascade and tunable helicity transfers/contents. We further explore regime (iii) in a Lagrangian domain, by studying the kinetics of point-like isotropic helicoids, particles whose dynamics is isotropic but breaks parity invariance. We investigate small-scale fractal clustering and preferential sampling of intense helical flow structures. Depending on its structural parameters, the isotropic helicoids either preferentially sample co-chiral or anti-chiral flow structures. We explain these findings in limiting cases in terms of what is known for spherical particles of different densities and inertia. Furthermore, we present theoretical and numerical results for a stochastic model where Lagrangian properties can be calculated using analytical perturbation theory. Our study shows that a suitable tuning of the stirring mechanism can strongly modify the small-scale turbulent helical properties and demonstrates that isotropic helicoids are the simplest particles able to preferentially sense helical properties in turbulence.
First metallicity determination from near-infrared spectra for five obscured Cepheids discovered in the inner disc

We report the discovery of five new classical Cepheids located in the inner Galactic Disk at longitude l ≃ −40° in our IRSF/SIRIUS Near-Infrared (NIR) variability survey. The new Cepheids are unique in probing the kinematics and metallicity of young stars at the transition between the inner Disk and the minor axis of the central Bar, where they are expected to be less affected by its dynamical influence. This is also the first time that metallicity of Cepheids is estimated on the basis of medium-resolution (R ∼ 3, 000) NIR spectra, and we validated our results with data in the literature, finding a minimal dependence on the adopted spectroscopic diagnostics. This result is very promising for using Cepheids as stellar proxy of the present-time chemical content of the obscured regions in the Disk. We found that the three Cepheids within 8–10 kpc from us have metallicities consistent with the mean radial metallicity gradient, and kinematics consistent with the Galactic rotation curve. Instead, the closest (∼4 kpc)/farthest (∼12 kpc) Cepheids have significant negative/positive residuals, both in velocity and in iron content. We discuss the possibility that such residuals are related to large-scale dynamical instabilities, induced by the bar/spiral-arm pattern, but the current sample is too limited to reach firm conclusions
Frobenius and valuation rings

The behavior of the Frobenius map is investigated for valuation rings of prime characteristic. We show that valuation rings are always F-pure. We introduce a generalization of the notion of strong F-regularity, which we call F-pure regularity, and show that a valuation ring is F-pure regular if and only if it is Noetherian. For valuations on function fields, we show that the Frobenius map is finite if and only if the valuation is divisorial; in this case the valuation ring is Frobenius split. For Noetherian valuation rings in function fields, we show that the valuation ring is Frobenius split if and only if Frobenius is finite, or equivalently, if and only if the valuation ring is excellent.
Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift

We present newly acquired images of the near-infrared counterpart of 3CR radio sources. All the sources were selected to have a redshift of less than 0.3 to allow us to obtain the highest spatial resolution. The observations were carried out as a snapshot program using the Near-Infrared Camera and Multiobject Spectrograph (NICMOS) on-board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). In this paper we describe 69 radio galaxies observed for the first time with NICMOS during HST cycle 13. All the objects presented here are elliptical galaxies. However, each of them has unique characteristics such as close companions, dust lanes, unresolved nuclei, arclike features, globular clusters, and jets clearly visible from the images or with basic galaxy subtraction.
INFLUENCE OF BODY MASS INDEX ON DENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION IN CHILDREN OF 6-12 YEARS OLD INFLUENCE OF BODY MASS INDEX ON DENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION IN CHILDREN OF 6-12 YEARS OLD

(Abstract): Aim : Our study aims to assess the influence of BMI (Body Mass Index) on dental development and gingival inflammation in children aged 6-12 years old. Material and methods : The study was conducted on a group of 153 children aged 6 to 12 years, which were divided into three categories: normal weight, overweight and obese patients. Dental development estimation was performed using the Demirjian method, by using orthopantomographies. For each patient, chronological age, BMI, plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded. Results : The mean difference between chronological and dental age for the whole study group was 0.66±0.5 years. The mean value of the difference between chronological age and dental age for overweight and obese subjects was 0.81±0.43 years and 1.1±0.45 years, respectively. A significant correlation between BMI and GI was observed for male subjects. No correlations were found between BMI and chronological age, or between BMI and dental age. It was found correlation between BMI and the difference between chronological age and dental age. Conclusions : In the group of obese children there was a greater difference between chronological age and dental age compared to overweight and normal weight children, indicating that permanent teeth are likely to erupt at a younger age among obese and overweight pediatric patients. and Conventional Rapid Maxillary Expansion. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 2021; 32(2): 678-681. Paradoxical reactions (PR) are immune-mediated disorders that would normally respond to the biologic therapy. The exacerbation of existing psoriasis after administration TNF-α antagonist is a well-described problem. This study analyzes, 125 patients during the therapy with a TNF antagonist. Of these, 14 patients experienced PR under TNF antagonist therapy (adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept). Thirteen patients discontinued TNF antagonist therapy and only one patient continued the biologic therapy. The present study showed no improvement in patients who were switched to another TNF antagonist, ex-cept one patient who was switched to infliximab. In addition, this study suggests that focal infections in psoriasis patients may be a risk factor for the development of PR due to TNF antagonist administration. Our study demonstrates that there are some disease (acrodermati-tis continua of Hallopeau and palmoplantar pustular psoriasis) which may predispose the patients to PR under TNF antagonist therapy. Finally, this finding has relevance for the physi-cian to recognize these clinical problems and helps to identify the potential therapeutic tar-gets (Miho Mori, Rie Tobita, Chizu Egusa, et al. Clinical background of patients with psoriasiform skin lesions due to tumor necrosis factor antagonist administration at a single center.
Tracing the tidal streams of the Sagittarius dSph, and halo Milky Way features, with carbon-rich long-period variables

We assemble 121 spectroscopically-confirmed halo carbon stars, drawn from the literature, exhibiting measurable variability in the Catalina Surveys. We present their periods and amplitudes, which are used to estimate distances from period-luminosity relationships. The location of the carbon stars - and their velocities when available - allow us to trace the streams of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf spheroidal galaxy. These are compared to a canonical numerical simulation of the accretion of Sgr. We find that the data match this model well for heliocentric distances of 15-50 kpc, except for a virtual lack of carbon stars in the trailing arm just north of the Galactic Plane, and there is only tentative evidence of the leading arm south of the Plane. The majority of the sample can be attributed to the Sgr accretion. We also find groups of carbon stars which are not part of Sgr; most of which are associated with known halo substructures. A few have no obvious attribution and may indicate new substructure. We find evidence that there may be a structure behind the Sgr leading stream apocentre, at ~100 kpc, and a more distant extension to the Pisces Overdensity also at ~100 kpc. We study a further 75 carbon stars for which no good period data could be obtained, and for which NIR magnitudes and colours are used to estimate distances. These data add support for the features found at distances beyond 100 kpc.
Populations behind the source-subtracted cosmic infrared background anisotropies

While the upcoming telescopes will reveal correspondingly fainter, more distant galaxies, a question will persist: what more is there that these telescopes cannot see? One answer is the source-subtracted Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB). The CIB is comprised of the collective light from all sources remaining after known, resolved sources are accounted for. Ever-more-sensitive surveys will identify the brightest of these, allowing them to be removed, and - like peeling layers off an onion - reveal deeper layers of the CIB. In this way it is possible to measure the contributions from populations not accessible to direct telescopic observation. Measurement of fluctuations in the source-subtracted CIB, i.e., the spatial power spectrum of the CIB after subtracting resolved sources, provides a robust means of characterizing its faint, and potentially new, populations. Studies over the past 15 years have revealed source-subtracted CIB fluctuations on scales out to ~100' which cannot be explained by extrapolating from known galaxy populations. Moreover, they appear highly coherent with the unresolved Cosmic X-ray Background, hinting at a significant population of accreting black holes among the CIB sources. Characterizing the source-subtracted CIB with high accuracy, and thereby constraining the nature of the new populations, is feasible with upcoming instruments and would produce critically important cosmological information in the next decade. New coextensive deep and wide-area near-infrared, X-ray, and microwave surveys will bring decisive opportunities to examine, with high fidelity, the spatial spectrum and origin of the CIB fluctuations and their cross-correlations with cosmic microwave and X-ray backgrounds, and determine the formation epochs and the nature of the new sources (stellar nucleosynthetic or accreting black holes).
Gamma-Ray Bursts from Neutron Star Phase Transitions

The phase-transition induced collapse of a neutron star to a more compact configuration (typically a "strange" star) and the subsequent core bounce are often invoked as a model for gamma-ray bursts. We present the results of numerical simulations of this kind of event using realistic neutrino physics and a high-density equation of state. The nature of the collapse itself is represented by the arbitrary motion of a piston deep within the star, but if any shock is to develop, the transition, or at least its final stages, must occur in less than a sonic time. Fine surface zoning is employed to adequately represent the acceleration of the shock to relativistic speeds and to determine the amount and energy of the ejecta. We find that these explosions are far too baryon-rich (Mejecta ~ 0.01 M☉) and have much too low an energy to explain gamma-ray bursts. The total energy of the ejecta having relativistic Γ ≳ 40 is less than 1046 ergs, even in our most optimistic models (deep bounce, no neutrino losses or photodisintegration). However, the total energy of all the ejecta, mostly mildly relativistic, is ~1051 ergs, and, if they occur, these events might be observed. They would also contribute to Galactic nucleosynthesis, especially the r-process, even though the most energetic layers are composed of helium and nucleons, not heavy elements.
Low‐rise buildings in big cities: Theory and evidence from China

This article explores the determinants of floor area ratio (FAR) limit, a major form of construction density regulation, in China. I develop a spatial equilibrium framework to study local governments’ optimal FAR design and investigate over 400,000 residential land transactions between 2007 and 2019 to perform the empirical analysis. Exploiting the exogenous variations generated by administrative adjustments and applying a propensity score matching approach, I find that a one standard deviation increase in local budgetary revenue decreases FAR limits by 0.29. Further counterfactual analysis suggests that the land finance model contributes to housing affordability issues and spatial inequality in China.
“The paradox of mobility and citizenship”: domicilization and documentation after deportation in Tijuana

The goal of this article is to analyze the interaction of the documentation status with access to housing and urban mobility of subjects deported from the United States living in Tijuana, Mexico. Through an inductive approach with 17 semi structured interviews with public officials and activists and biographical interviews, an in-depth analysis was carried out based on 23 cases. The results show that the domiciled vision of the citizen in Mexico responds to that of a spatially fixed citizenship, that is, access to fixed housing requires the possession of identity documents and vice versa. Those who manage to access said documents have an easier time renting a home, while those who do not manage to have documents depend more on the availability of shelters and remain in constant intra-urban movement, which, in turn, subjects them to permanent surveillance and control by the police. mantienen
High Power Proton Beam Shocks and Magnetohydrodynamics in a Mercury Jet Target for a Neutrino Factory

ausgefuhrt zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der technischen Wissenschaften unter der Leitung von Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Christian W. Fabjan E141 Atominstitut der osterreichischen Universitaten im Rahmen des Austrian Doctoral Student Program am CERN, CH-1211 Geneve 23 eingereicht an der Technischen Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Technische Naturwissenschaften und Informatik
A unified model for galactic discs: star formation, turbulence driving, and mass transport

We introduce a new model for the structure and evolution of the gas in galactic discs. In the model the gas is in vertical pressure and energy balance. Star formation feedback injects energy and momentum, and non-axisymmetric torques prevent the gas from becoming more than marginally gravitationally unstable. From these assumptions we derive the relationship between galaxies' bulk properties (gas surface density, stellar content, and rotation curve) and their star formation rates, gas velocity dispersions, and rates of radial inflow. We show that the turbulence in discs can be powered primarily by star formation feedback, radial transport, or a combination of the two. In contrast to models that omit either radial transport or star formation feedback, the predictions of this model yield excellent agreement with a wide range of observations, including the star formation law measured in both spatially resolved and unresolved data, the correlation between galaxies' star formation rates and velocity dispersions, and observed rates of radial inflow. The agreement holds across a wide range of galaxy mass and type, from local dwarfs to extreme starbursts to high-redshifts discs. We apply the model to galaxies on the star-forming main sequence, and show that it predicts a transition from mostly gravity-driven turbulence at high redshift to star formation-driven turbulence at low redshift. This transition, and the changes in mass transport rates that it produces, naturally explain why galaxy bulges tend to form at high redshift and discs at lower redshift, and why galaxies tend to quench inside-out.
GPPS-TC-2021-0159 EFFECTS OF GEOMETRIC AND OPERATIONAL UNCERTAINTIES ON THE AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF A CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR STAGE

No real centrifugal compressor performance exactly conforms to its design geometry and expected operating conditions due to the uncertainties existing in the manufacturing and in-service process. The compressor performance can be adversely affected by such uncertainties and performs instability. However, relevant studies concerning geometric and operational uncertainties simultaneously are quite rare, and the underlying flow mechanism even remains unknown. Here we present both deterministic and uncertainty analysis of a centrifugal compressor stage with considering geometric and operational uncertainties simultaneously. With the combination of CFD simulation and nonintrusive sparse grid based stochastic collocation methods, the combined and single effects of total inlet temperature, total inlet pressure, outlet mass flow, impeller tip clearance and hub fillet radius on the stage/impeller performance are quantified and analysed. The results show that these uncertainties exert more influence on stage rather than impeller performance, therein the uncertain tip clearance contributes the most. To investigate such declined performance indeed, the flow field was then uncovered. It is demonstrated that the wake of tip clearance produces distorted flow downstream towards the diffuser, which causes complicated vortex structures. This present study lays a theoretical foundation to provide guidelines for developing a robust design of centrifugal compressor.