Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viscous magnetization of chromium-dioxide particles: effect of increased magnetocrystalline anisotropy

Samples of chromium dioxide particles with a range of remanent coercivities H/sub r/, but with identical particle size distributions were prepared in order to study the effect of changes in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy on the time-dependent magnetization. Comparisons have been made with three cobalt modified gamma-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ samples. The field-dependent fluctuation field H/sub f/, derived from measurements of magnetic viscosity as a function of applied field H, has been used to characterize the time-dependent magnetic switching of the particles. Plots of H/sub f//H/sub r/ against H/H/sub r/ are unaffected by anisotropy variations in either pigment type. The interpretation is that the details of the magnetics and the reversal mode are not primarily responsible for the more pronounced time-dependent magnetization effects observed in CrO/sub 2/ and that the more likely explanation is the high state of magnetic excitation associated with the low Curie temperature. >
Code Mixing and Code Switching in Movie Murder on the Orient Express by Kenneth Branagh

This research aims to identify types of code-switching and code-mixing found in some of “Murder on The Orient Express” movie dialogues and utterances. The source of the data in this research is the dialogue in Murder on The Orient Express movie. To achieve the aims of this research; the researcher uses the descriptive qualitative research method. This study uses the code-switching theory of Wardhaugh (1986) and code-mixing theory of Suwito (1983). There are two types of code-switching consisting of metaphorical code-switching and situational code-switching and two types of code-mixing consisting of outer code-mixing and inner code-mixing. From the results of this study, the authors found 50 data of code-mixing and code-switching and as many as 4 or 8% metaphorical code-switching data, 2 or 4% situational code-switching data. The author also found 44 or 88% outer code-mixing data, and 0 or 0% inner code-mixing data. The research’s result shows that the dominant form of code-switching and code-mixing is metaphorical code-switching and outer code-mixing.
Bulevirtide in the Treatment of Hepatitis Delta: Drug Discovery, Clinical Development and Place in Therapy

Abstract It has been ten years since the identification of NTCP as the cell surface receptor for HBV and HDV entry into hepatocytes. The search for molecules interfering with the binding of NTCP and HBV/HDV led to design bulevirtide (BLV). This large polypeptide mimics a region of the pre-S1 HBsAg and blocks viral entry by inhibitory competition. BLV was initially tested in cell cultures, animal models and more recently in Phase I–III human trials (called ‘MYRS’). As monotherapy or in combination with peginterferon, BLV is well tolerated and exhibits potent antiviral activity. Plasma viremia significantly declines and/or becomes undetectable in more than 75% of patients treated for >24 weeks. However, serum HBsAg concentrations remain unchanged. No selection of BLV resistance in HBV/HDV has been reported in vivo to date. BLV is administered subcutaneously once daily at doses between 2 and 10 mg. BLV received conditional approval in Europe in 2020 to treat chronic hepatitis delta. The advent of peginterferon lambda or new specific anti-HDV antivirals (lonafarnib, etc.) will open the door for combination therapies with BLV. Since there is no stable reservoir for HDV-RNA within infected hepatocytes, viral clearance might be achieved using antivirals for a minimum timeframe. This is what happens in hepatitis C combining several antivirals, curing nearly all patients treated for 3 months. Clearance of HDV-RNA genomes may occur despite HBV persistence as cccDNA or chromosome integrated HBV-DNA within hepatocytes. This is supported by cases of HDV elimination using BLV despite persistence of serum HBsAg. Another path for HDV cure will derive from achieving HBsAg clearance, the goal of new promising anti-HBV gene therapies (bepirovirsen, etc.). In summary, the advent of BLV has triggered a renovated interest for antiviral therapy in hepatitis delta. We envision combination therapies that will lead to HDV cure in the near future.
Thermal nonlinear refraction in dye solutions: a study of the transient regime

The efficiency of thermal nonlinear refractive effects in the nanosecond regime is discussed. A single-beam Z-scan and a two-color time-resolved Z-scan experiments demonstrate the influence of the geometric configuration and the pulse duration on the photoinduced index variation. We present a theoretical analysis of thermal-lens formation that takes into account acoustic wave propagation and thermal diffusive effects. It permits us to quantify the index variation during the pulse and to define a new figure of merit for thermal nonlinear refractive effects.
SMALL-TIME SOLVABILITY OF PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS FOR THE OCEAN WITH SPATIALLY-VARYING VERTICAL MIXING

The small-time existence of a strong solution to the free surface problem of primitive equations for the ocean with variable turbulent viscosity terms is shown in this paper. In this model, the turbulent viscosity coefficients, which include the Richardson number depending on unknown variables, are explicitly formulated. In addition, following the formulation of practical models, the kinematic condition is assumed on the free ocean surface. As in preceding works, we consider the problem in the three-dimensional strip-like region, and assume the f -approximation. Under some conditions on the initial and boundary data and the topography of the bottom of the ocean, we construct a strong local-in-time solution in Sobolev-Slobodetski˘ i spaces. The boundedness of the temperature and salinity is also shown in the present paper.
Oscillations and breakup of a bubble immersed in a turbulent field

This work is an experimental study of the deformation and breakup of a bubble in a turbulent flow. A special facility was designed to obtain intense turbulence without significant mean flow. The experiments were performed under microgravity conditions to ensure that turbulence was the only cause of bubble deformation. A scalar parameter, characteristic of this deformation, was obtained by video processing of high-speed movies. The time evolution and spectral representation of this scalar parameter showed the dynamical characteristics of bubble deformation. The signatures of the eigenmodes of oscillation predicted by the linear theory were clearly observed and the predominance of the second mode was proved. In addition, numerical simulations were performed by computing the response of a damped oscillator to the measured turbulence forcing. Simulations and experiments were found to be in good agreement both qualitatively, from visual inspections of the signals, and quantitatively, from a statistical analysis. The role of bubble dynamics in the deformation process has been clarified. On the one hand, the time response of the bubble controls the maximum amount of energy which can be extracted from each turbulent eddy. On the other hand, the viscous damping limits the energy that the bubble can accumulate during its fluctuating deformation. Moreover, two breakup mechanisms have been identified. One mechanism results from the balance between two opposing dominant forces, and the other from a resonance oscillation. A new parameter, the mean efficiency coefficient, has been introduced to take into account the various aspects of bubble dynamics. Used together with the Weber number, this parameter allows the prediction of the occurrence of these two mechanisms. Finally, the influence of the residence time of the bubble on the statistics of the deformation has been analysed and quantified.
A counting scheme and some algebraic properties of a class of special permutation patterns

Abstract Some permutation patterns have been studied with a view to generating some recursion relations and generating functions for enumerating the number of subwords arising from the patterns. This was achieved using some prime generating functions. Furthermore, a comprehensive counting scheme was established for the patterns based upon the length of the emerging subwords. In addition, some group and graph theoretic consequences of these patterns were identified. This report highlights an important relationship between some important algebraic schemes; permutation patterns and groups on the one hand and the counting theory and integer sequences on the other.
Time-resolved measurements of sub-optical-cycle relativistic electron beams

We propose an all-optical technique to record the time information of relativistic electron beams with sub-optical-cycle duration. The technique is based on the interaction of the electron beam with the ponderomotive potential of an optical traveling wave generated by two counter-propagating circularly polarized optical fields at different frequencies in vacuum. One of the optical pulses is a vortex laser pulse, and the other is a normal Gaussian laser pulse. The time information of the electron beam is mapped into the angular information, which can be converted into a spatial distribution after a drift section. Thus, the temporal profile and arrival time of the electron beam can be retrieved from the spatial distribution of the electron beam. The measurement has a dynamic range comparable to the period of the optical intensity grating formed by two counter-propagating laser pulses. This technique may have wide applications in many research fields that require sub-optical-cycle electron beams.
Evaluation of WIC Online Ordering during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from an Oklahoma Grocery Store Chain

The COVID-19 pandemic is worsening the disparities in food access in the United States. As consumers have been increasingly using grocery online ordering services to limit their exposure to the COVID-19 virus, participants of federal nutrition assistance programs lack the online benefit redemption option. With the support of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), retailers are pilot-testing online food benefit ordering in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). By combining the Oklahoma WIC administrative data, the online ordering data from a grocery store chain in Oklahoma, and the COVID-19 data in Oklahoma, this study examines how WIC participants responded to the online food benefit ordering option and how their adoption of online ordering was associated with the COVID-19 incidence. Results show that from July to December 2020, 15,171 WIC households redeemed WIC benefits at an Oklahoma chain store, but only 819 of them adopted online ordering. They together completed 102,227 online orders, which accounted for 2.7% of the store visits and 2.6% of the monetary value of WIC redemptions at these stores. There was no significant relationship between WIC online ordering adoption and COVID-19 incidence in Oklahoma.
THE IMPULSE RESPONSE FUNCTION AND SHIP MOTIONS

Abstract : After a review of the deficiencies of the usual equations of motion for an oscillating ship, two new representations are given. One makes use of the impulse response function and depends only upon the system being linear. The response is given as a convolution integral over th past history of the exciting force with the impulse response funcion appearing as the kernel. The second representation is based upon a hydrodynamic study, and new forms for the equations of motion are exhibited. The equations resemble the usual equations, with the addition of convolution integrals over the past history of the velocity. However, the coefficients in these new equations are independent of frequency, as are the kernel functions in the convolution integrals. Both representations are quite general and apply to transient motions as well as periodic. The relations between the two representations are given. The treatment considers six degrees of freedom, with linear coupling between the various modes. (Author)
Nitrogen oxides and carbon chain oxides formed after ion irradiation of CO:N2 ice mixtures

Context. High CO depletion as well as depletion of N-bearing species is observed in dense pre-stellar cores. It is generally accepted that depleted species freeze out onto dust grains to form icy mantles and that these ices suffer energetic processing due to cosmic ion irradiation and ion-induced UV photons. Aims. The aim of this work is to study the chemical and structural effects induced by ion irradiation on different CO:N2 mixtures at low temperature (16 K) to simulate the effects of cosmic ion irradiation of icy mantles. Methods. Different CO:N2 mixtures and pure CO and pure N2 were irradiated with 200 keV H + at 16 K. Infrared transmittance spectra of the samples were obtained in situ before and after irradiation. The samples were warmed up and spectra were taken at different temperatures. The residues left over on the substrate at room temperature were analysed ex situ by micro Raman spectroscopy. Results. Several new absorption features are present in the infrared spectra after irradiation, indicating that new species are formed. The most abundant are nitrogen oxides (such as NO, NO2 and N2O), carbon chain oxides (such as C2O, C3 Oa nd C 3O2), carbon chains (such as C3 and C6), O3 and N3. A refractory residue is also formed after ion irradiation and is clearly detected by Raman spectroscopy. Conclusions. We suggest that carbon chains and nitrogen oxides observed in the gas phase towards star-forming regions are formed in the solid phase after cosmic ion irradiation of icy grain mantles and are released into the gas phase after desorption of grain mantles. We expect that the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), thanks to its high sensitivity and resolution, will increase the number of nitrogen oxides and carbon chain oxides detected towards star-forming regions.
High Thermoelectric Performance in Earth‐Abundant Cu3SbS4 by Promoting Doping Efficiency via Rational Vacancy Design

Sulfides are well investigated as thermoelectric materials but their performance is typically limited by low electrical conductivity. High electrical performance in Cu3SbS4 is reported by creating high valence vacancies, which efficiently provides multiple carriers. It is revealed from the perspective of a chemical bond by calculations that Al can serve as vacancy stabilizer as its entry into the lattice forms intensified bonds with neighboring atoms and lowers the vacancy formation energy. As a result, the average power factor of Cu3SbS4 with 9 wt% CuAlS2 reaches 16.1 µW cm−1 K−2. Finally, by further addition of AgAlS2, a peak zT of 1.3 and an average zT of 0.77 are obtained due to the reduced thermal conductivity. The attained average power factor and average zT are superior to other low‐toxic thermoelectric sulfides. The findings shed light on the new strategy for creating favorable vacancies to realize high‐efficiency doping in thermoelectric materials.
An Analytic Procedure to Estimate the Benefits of a Particular Type of Personnel Classification Decision

The article presents an analytic procedure to estimate the expected benefits of personnel classification decisions for which it is assumed that the available criterion estimates are both equi-correlated and equally valid, that equal quotas have to be filled for the jobs, and that all jobs are equally important. The method outperforms some already existing procedures in that an exact benefit estimate is obtained even when the criterion estimates correlate substantially. To perform the estimation, an efficient numerical procedure is developed and subsequently applied to study the effect of the number of assignment categories, the applicant rejection rate, the validity of the criterion estimates, and the intercorrelation among the estimates. Among other things, the results indicate that the expected benefits of a classification decision are considerably higher than those obtained for the corresponding selection decision, even when the criterion estimates correlate substantially.
Melt rheology of variable L-content poly(lactic acid)

Polylactides (PLAs) have been known for several decades and have recently gained considerable commercial significance. This development makes it highly desirable to have the rheological properties of these materials well characterized and reduced to useable mathematical models. However, comprehensive rheological characterization of PLAs is not yet available from the literature. In this study, rheological and thermal measurements were made on a comprehensive and well-characterized set of homopolymers and copolymers spanning wide ranges of molecular mass and stereoisomer proportions (L content). For all compositions within the weight average molecular weight range of 105–106(g∕mol) and a reference temperature of 180 °C, the zero shear viscosity is described by the relationship log(η0)=−14.26+3.4log(Mw), the plateau modulus is 1.0±0.2MPa, and average WLF parameters are c1=3.241∕K and c2=164.9K; the later correspond to a Vogel temperature of 288.25 K. The values of the glass transition temperatures at infinit.
Multivariate extreme‐value distributions with applications to environmental data

Some parametric families of multivariate extreme-value distributions have been proposed in recent years; several additional parametric families are derived here. The parametric models are fitted, using numerical maximum likelihood, to some environmental multivariate extreme data sets consisting of extreme concentrations of a pollutant at several monitoring stations in a region. Some multivariate nonnormal data analysis techniques are proposed to aid in the likelihood analysis. The new models, together with previous models, appear to be adequate for inferences in that they cover a wide range of possible dependence patterns. Certaines families parametriques de distributions a valeur extreme a plusieurs variables ont ete suggerees recemment dans la litterature. Nous presentons quelques families parametriques additionnelles dans cet article. En utilisant la methode du maximum de vraisemblance numerique, les modeles parametriques sont ajustes a des ensembles de donnees environnementales extremes a plusieurs variables, consistent de concentrations extremes d'un polluant, a plusieurs stations d'observation dans une region. Quelques techniques d'analyse de donnees non-normales a plusieurs variables sont proposees afin de faciliter l'analyse de vraisemblance. Les nouveaux modeles, ainsi que les modeles precedents, semblent adequats pour l'inference en ce qu'ils recouvrent un vaste eventail de structures de dependance possibles.
Using Axiomatic Type Classes in Isabelle

Isabelle offers order-sorted type classes on top of the simple types of plain Higher-Order Logic. The resulting type system is similar to that of the programming language Haskell. Its interpretation within the logic enables further application, though, apart from restricting polymorphism syntactically. In particular, the concept of Axiomatic Type Classes provides a useful light-weight mechanism for hierarchically-structured abstract theories. Subsequently, we demonstrate typical uses of Isabelle’s axiomatic type classes to model basic algebraic structures. This document describes axiomatic type classes using Isabelle/Isar theories, with proofs expressed via Isar proof language elements. The new theory format greatly simplifies the arrangement of the overall development, since definitions and proofs may be freely intermixed. Users who prefer tactic scripts over structured proofs do not need to fall back on separate ML scripts, though, but may refer to Isar’s tactic emulation commands.
Equilibrium measures for rational maps

Abstract For a polynomial map the measure of maximal entropy is the equilibrium measure for the logarithm potential in the Julia set [1], [4]. Here we will show that in the case where f is a rational map such that f(∞) = ∞ and the Julia set is bounded, then the two measures mentioned above are equal if and only if f is a polynomial.
Acute Effects of Exergaming on Students’ Executive Functions and Situational Interest in Elementary Physical Education

Two studies were conducted to examine the acute effects of exergaming on students’ executive functions and to explore their situational interest regarding these games in elementary physical education. The first study involved a two-group, repeated measures, cross-over quasi-experimental design. Participants were 74 (36 boys) fourth- and fifth-grade students who were assigned to the experimental (38 students) and the waiting list control (36 students) group. The single physical education session with exergames was first implemented with the initial experimental group and after the post-test, the waiting list control group received the intervention. In the second study, a pre-test post-test, within-subjects design was involved with the experimental group students (48 fourth- and fifth-grade students, 27 boys) who participated in a booster single physical education session with exergames two months after their involvement in a four-week intervention with cognitively challenging physical activity games. Both studies involved pre- and post-intervention measures for executive functions using the design fluency test and a post-test measure for situational interest. During the acute session, students had to follow the movements of an on-screen dancing character in time to a chosen song of the Just Dance 2015 exergame. The results of the first study showed that experimental group students improved significantly from pre- to post-test their scores in design fluency and in cognitive flexibility and in the total score of the design fluency test and their improvements were higher compared to the waiting list control group. The waiting list control group students, after receiving the acute session with exergames, significantly improved their scores in design fluency, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility and in the total score of the design fluency test compared to their pre-intervention scores. Moreover, the second study showed that students’ total score in the design fluency test improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention. In both studies, students reported generally high scores in all subscales of the situational interest questionnaire. These results suggested that an acute exergame-based physical education session attracted students’ interest and positively triggered their executive functions.
Analysing CSR Practice in Regional Development Bank (Bank Pembangunan Daerah) in Indonesia: A case study and proposed solutions

This article discusses about the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of regional development banks (bank pembangunan daerah or BPD) in Indonesia through a case study of a BPD in East Java province. As a company majority-owned by the local provincial government or governments, a BPD is expected to support the regional development agenda and take a role in improving the local economic welfare, including through CSR programmes, besides providing typical financial and banking services. This improves the notability of BPDs’ CSR programmes, as well as forms expectations on the programme. A suitable and improved CSR programme is therefore necessary to allow BPDs to fulfill its role as a supporter of the local development agenda of the government. This article starts by a brief introduction on the topic of CSR and BPDs in Indonesia, literature review, identification of the issues, analysis, and finally concluded with proposed solutions in relations to the case study. The research in this paper is conducted in qualitative method. Data used for research in this paper were obtained through interviews, company reports, and observation during the author’s internship at the company.