Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Hot are Your Ions in Differential Mobility Spectrometry?

Ions can experience significant field-induced heating in a differential mobility cell. To investigate this phenomenon, the fragmentation of a collection of para-substituted benzylpyridinium "thermometer" ions (R = OMe, Me, F, Cl, H, CN) are monitored in a commercial differential mobility spectrometer (DMS). The internal energy of each benzylpyridinium derivative was characterized by an effective temperature, Teff, which is the temperature yielding the observed degree of fragmentation. It was found that ions are sufficiently thermalized after initial activation from the ESI process to the temperature of the bath gas, Tbath. Once a critical field strength is surpassed, significant fragmentation of the benzylpyridinium ions was detected. At the maximum bath gas temperature (450 K) and separation voltage (SV; 4400 V) for our instrument, Teff for the BP ions investigated ranged from 667.1 ± 13.6 K (p-OMe) to 749.6 ± 2.8 K (p-H). The extent of activation at a given SV depends on the ion's mass and degrees of freedom (NDoF). Plots of Teff vs. the product of ion mass and NDoF produce strong linear relationships. This provides an attractive avenue to estimate ion temperatures at a given SV using only intrinsic properties. Moreover, experimentally determined Teff correlate with theoretically predicted Teff using with a self-consistent method based on two-temperature theory. The various instrumental and external parameters that influence Teff are discussed.
White Matter Microstructure in Adolescents and Young Adults With Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a growing public health concern that commonly begins in adolescence, and can persist into young adulthood. A promising approach for advancing our understanding of NSSI in youth is to examine white matter microstructure using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). Method The present study examined whole-brain group differences in structural connectivity (as measured by generalized fractional anisotropy [GFA]) between 28 female adolescents and young adults ages 13–21 years with NSSI and 22 age-matched healthy controls (HC). We also explored the association between clinical characteristics including NSSI severity and duration, impulsivity, emotion regulation and personality traits within the NSSI group and GFA of the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum. Results Compared to the HC group, participants with NSSI had lower GFA in several white matter tracts, including the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, bilateral superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, anterior thalamic radiation, callosal body, and corticospinal tract. When controlling for depressive symptoms, the NSSI group showed an association between NSSI duration (time since initiating NSSI behavior) and lower GFA in the left cingulum. Higher levels of attentional impulsivity were related to lower GFA in the left uncinate fasciculus within the NSSI group. Conclusions We found evidence suggesting widespread white matter microstructure deficits in adolescents and young adults with NSSI versus HC. We also report inverse associations between white matter integrity and clinical characteristics (duration of NSSI and attentional impulsivity). These white matter microstructural deficits may represent a possible neurobiologically-based vulnerability to developing maladaptive coping mechanisms, such as NSSI. Additionally, results suggest that this white matter disorganization may either worsen with prolonged engagement in NSSI or predict persistent NSSI; thereby highlighting the importance of early intervention targeting this behavior.
Unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis with epilepsy: a possible special phenotype of MOG antibody-associated disorders

Abstract Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-related encephalomyelitis is an increasingly recognized entity with heterogeneity in phenotype. Among all clinical phenotypes, encephalitis restricted to cerebral cortex might be most easily ignored and under-estimated type. Here, we described two cases of cerebral cortical encephalitis with MOG seropositivity to facilitate the awareness of the manifestations of the disease. In case 1, the patient presented with headaches and fevers turned out to have elevated CSF cells and cerebral cortical FLAIR hyperintense lesions in brain MRI. He was treated as intracranial infection during his first and second admission and fully resolved when discharged. During the patient’s third admission, the patient experienced a seizure, and we found cerebral cortical FLAIR hyperintensity again and MOG antibody was positive in the serum. Therefore, we considered the patient suffered from MOG antibody encephalitis. In case 2, the patient also had headache, fever, and experienced a seizure. MOG antibody was positive in the serum and brain MRI showed cortical hyperintense lesions. Both the patients were young man, response well to corticosteroids and recovered completely. The two cases suggested that encephalitis, especially benign recurrent unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis with epilepsy, might be a special phenotype of MOG antibody-associated disorders.
Evaluating the Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Into M1 and M2 Phenotypes in Human Cancer Tissue: Technicalities and Challenges in Routine Clinical Practice

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as immune cells within the tumor microenvironment have gained much interests as basic science regarding their roles in tumor progression unfolds. Better understanding of their polarization into pro-tumoral phenotype to promote tumor growth, tumor angiogenesis, immune evasion, and tumor metastasis has prompted various studies to investigate their clinical significance as a biomarker of predictive and prognostic value across different cancer types. Yet, the methodologies to investigate the polarization phenomena in solid tumor tissue vary. Nonetheless, quantifying the ratio of M1 to M2 TAMs has emerged to be a prevailing parameter to evaluate this polarization phenomena for clinical application. This mini-review focuses on recent studies exploring clinical significance of M1/M2 TAM ratio in human cancer tissue and critically evaluates the technicalities and challenges in quantifying this parameter for routine clinical practice. Immunohistochemistry appears to be the preferred methodology for M1/M2 TAM evaluation as it is readily available in clinical laboratories, albeit with certain limitations. Recommendations are made to standardize the quantification of TAMs for better transition into clinical practice and for better comparison among studies in various populations of patients and cancer types.
Malting and Brewing Industries Encounter Fusarium spp. Related Problems

Versatile microbiota are inevitably naturally present on cereals. Fungi, yeasts and bacteria and their metabolites all contribute to the quality and safety of the final products derived from most common beer cereals—barley and wheat. The microorganisms that are most often associated with the safety and quality of cereals for beer production belong to the Fusarium spp. They greatly influence yields from the field, and can modify and diminish economic success for farmers. However, the real problem is their harmful metabolites—mycotoxins—that affect the health of humans and animals. In the era of emerging analytical methodologies, the spectrum of known toxins originating from microorganisms that can pose a threat to humans has grown tremendously. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor microflora throughout the productive “barley to beer” chain and to act suppressive on the proliferation of unwanted microorganisms, before and during malting, preventing the occurrence of mycotoxins in final products and by-products. Multi-mycotoxin analyses are very advanced and useful tools for the assessment of product safety, and legislation should follow up and make some important changes to regulate as yet unregulated, but highly occurring, microbial toxins in malt and beer.
Imaging Analysis and Digital Restoration of the Holy Face of Manoppello—Part II

In this second work on the Holy Face of Manoppello, known also as the Veil, we have performed a spectral analysis of the transmitted image. Its thin linen threads are translucent, presumably because starched, allowing light to pass through them. As a result, the yellowish colour of the ancient linen and starch contribute substantially to the final hues of the Holy Face, especially when the Veil is lit from the backside with grazing light. Spectrophotometry measurements have allowed calculating how the fabric absorbs the various chromatic components. Through these quantitative evaluations, it has been possible to compensate the colours of the transmitted Holy Face image, by subtracting the contribution due to the yellowish coloration of the thin linen threads. Furthermore, the rotational spectrum of the image has been studied after digital restoration. The linear fit of the power spectrum in bi-logarithmic scale with a power law f P provided a slope parameter P = − 3.49 ± 0.03 . This is a surprising value because it is typical of photographs of human faces, not of portraits of human faces painted by artists, which instead have statistical properties of fractal type, with values of slopes P = − 2.0 .
The suffixing preference: a processing explanation

Cross-linguistic studies of morphology have demonstrated that there is an asymmetry in the type of affixation preferred: languages which would he predicted on independent structural grounds to prefer suffixes to prefixes do so, but languages which would be predicted to prefer prefixes to suffixes also show a tendency toward suffixation. In other words, independently of other structural considerations there is an overall preference for suffix morphology. It is argued here that this preference results from the way language is processed by its users. Two lines of psycholinguistic evidence are drawn upon: (1) word onsets are more psychologically salient than other parts of the word; (2) stems and affixes are processed separately. In the light of these considerations it is argued that language users prefer to process stems before affixes, and for this reason languages prefer to order stems before affixes. Thus the linguistic and psycholinguistic evidence combine to suggest an explanation which has implications both for language typology and for the structure of psychological models of language processing.
Reduction in Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Severe Hypoglycemia in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes During the First Year of Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Multicenter Analysis of 3,553 Subjects From the DPV Registry

Use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems has become standard of care in type 1 diabetes (T1D) in many countries, particularly in children and adolescents (1,2). Results from clinical trials indicate that use of CGM leads to improved metabolic control and reduction in nonsevere hypoglycemia compared with self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose (3,4). Benefits are seen irrespective of insulin delivery method (pump or pen) (4,5) but are conditioned on near-daily sensor usage (4). Trial participants, however, are often biased toward higher education level, greater therapy adherence, and better self-management. Small sample size and short trial duration very often preclude appropriate assessment of CGM impact on rare events such as severe hypoglycemia (SH) or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We therefore used real-world data from the German-Austrian-Swiss-Luxembourgian Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV) registry to longitudinally assess HbA1c, SH, and DKA during the first year after initiation of CGM, including real-time CGM and intermittently scanned/viewed CGM. Anonymized patient registry records were analyzed. SH was defined as events requiring external assistance by another person and events resulting in coma/convulsion. DKA was defined by pH level <7.3. All HbA1c values were Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) standardized. Selection criteria included T1D, 1 year of diabetes duration, available registry data 6 months prior to CGM start (baseline period), and …
Distribution of Odontogenic Cyst in a Tertiary Care Hospital , Over a Period of One Year

Aim: To present the data based on the reported cases, received, diagnosed and treated in a tertiary care hospital, over a period of one year. Method: A total of 40 cases have been included in this study. These cases have been received, diagnosed and treated at the Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore over a period of one year. The clinical and demographic data has been recorded. The radiographical and histological analysis has been done to reach a conclusive diagnosis. Results: Odontogenic cysts occur most commonly during the third decade of life. Age range is from 6years to 68 years with the mean age of 29.6 years. It is more common among the males 24(60%) as compared to females 16(40%), male to female ratio is 1.5:1. Majority of the cystic lesions have been found within the mandible 30(75%) while 10(25%) of the lesions have been found in the maxilla. Out of all the cases (n=40) included in the current study, odontogenic keratocyst 20(50%) is the most prevalent, the second most commonly found cystic lesion is periapical cyst 14(35%), dentigerous cyst accounts for 5(12.5%) while only one of the cases showed odontogenic keratocyst in combination with dentigerous cyst 1(2.5%). Conclusion: This study serves as a source for providing data about the commonly occurring odontogenic cystic lesions involving the jaws with reference to its age, gender and site predilection. The data collected in this study has provided significant clinico-pathological information about all the reported cases to the pathologist and the clinician.
Magmatic response to the interplay of collisional and accretionary orogenies in the Korean Peninsula: Geochronological, geochemical, and O-Hf isotopic perspectives from Triassic plutons

Phanerozoic internal and peripheral orogens in Northeast Asia converge toward the Korean Peninsula situated between cratonic Asia and the outboard magmatic arc. Widespread Mesozoic plutons in the peninsula provide first-hand information about the magmatic response to the continental and oceanic plate subduction. The present study addresses this issue using comprehensive (n >1100) whole-rock geochemical, zircon U-Pb geochronological, and O-Hf isotopic data obtained from Triassic gabbro-pyroxenitemangerite-monzonite-syenite-granodioritegranite plutons in the central and southern parts of the peninsula. The intrusion of ca. 265–250 Ma calc-alkaline granitoids, including the high-silica adakite, along the outboard (in present coordinates) Yeongnam Massif is coeval with or slightly younger than the Barrovian metamorphism recognized in fold-and-thrust belts surrounding the inboard (northward, present coordinates) Gyeonggi Massif, suggesting a close link between the collisional orogenesis and subduction initiation as commonly documented in Phanerozoic supercontinents. Subsequent Late Triassic plutons emplaced in the Yeongnam Massif are subdivided into the older (232–224 Ma) magnesian and alkalicalcic to calc-alkalic group and the younger (220–217 Ma) ferroan and alkalic to alkalicalcic group temporally intervened by the geochemically arc-like Andong ultramafic complex (222 Ma). Zircon O-Hf isotopic compositions of the older plutons reflect the mixing of metasomatized lithospheric mantle, young (probably Paleozoic) arc crust, and Precambrian basement crust, whereas those of the younger plutons reflect input of the asthenospheric/lithospheric mantle and mafic lower crust. Meanwhile, the Late Triassic (233–224 Ma) potassic plutons in and around the Gyeonggi Massif represent postcollisional magmatism most likely induced by slab breakoff, which may also have been responsible for the shoshonitic magmatism in the Yeongnam Massif. Spatial differences in the age pattern and O-Hf isotopic signature of inherited and synmagmatic zircons from the potassic plutons indicate a selective contribution from an ancient metasomatized lithospheric mantle beneath the North China-like craton and an allochthonous South China-like lithosphere. The formation of the Triassic plutons could be explained by a series of tectonomagmatic events consisting sequentially of the ridge subduction, low-angle subduction, slab breakoff beneath the collisional orogen, tectonic switch to an extension-dominated arc system, and delamination of an overthickened arc lithosphere.
WELCOM User Manual 1 Version 2 . 0

This User Manual presents the WELCOM Stata tool. The Global Solutions Group on Markets and Institutions for Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity at the Poverty and Equity Global Practice has developed WELCOM, a novel microsimulation tool that estimates distributional effects of changes in market structure (e.g. a move from monopoly to more competitive markets) which could be induced through regulatory reform or easing of trade barriers. The WELCOM tool is a software interface that requires data from household surveys, particularly households’ consumption of different goods and services, as well as information about market structure in the relevant sectors, to assess how changes in prices affect the welfare of households along the income/consumption distribution. In addition, the tool relies on a poverty line and a relevant welfare aggregate (income or consumption) to assess first-order effects on poverty indicators such as headcount and poverty gap, in addition to changes in inequality. 1 WELCOM is a product of the World Bank. 2 University of Laval, Quebec City. 3 World Bank, Washington DC. 4 World Bank, Washington DC. 5 World Bank, Washington DC.
The Influence of Creative Learning Assisted by Instagram to Improve Middle School Students’ Learning Outcomes of Graphic Design Subject

Abstract This paper aims to assess the comparison of conceptual application learning outcomes of graphic design subject betwee class with creative learning assisted by social media Instagram and class with problem-based learning without social media Instagram. This research employed semi-experimental approach with non equivalent control group design. It took 144 students of vocational high school divided into four classes (two experimental classes with 72 students and two control classes with 72 students). The experimental classes were taught by creative learning strategy assisted by Instagram and the control classes were taught by problem-based learning. The results explain that learning outcomes of students learnt by creative learning assisted by Instagram are higher than students learnt by problem-based learning. The formulated hypotheses were accepted since it resulted a significant mean between the experimental classes and the control classes.
Conceptual Modelling of Brain State Dynamics as Free Energy and Entropy-Based Processes

Despite the mass of empirical data in neuroscience and plenty of interdisciplinary approaches in cognitive science, there are relatively few applicable theories of how the brain as a coherent system functions in terms of energy and entropy processes. Recently, a free energy principle has been portrayed as a possible way towards a unified brain theory. However, its capacity, using free energy and entropy, to unify different perspectives on brain function dynamics is yet to be established. This multidisciplinary study attempts to make sense of the free energy and entropy not only from the perspective of Helmholtz thermodynamic basic principles but also from the information theory framework. Based on the proposed conceptual framework, we constructed (i) four basic brain states (deep sleep, resting, active wakeful and thinking) as dynamic entropy and free energy processes and (ii) stylized a self-organizing mechanism of transitions between the basic brain states during a day period. Adaptive transitions between brain states represent homeostatic rhythms, which produce complex daily brain states dynamics. As a result, the proposed simulation model produces different self-organized circadian dynamics of brain states for different types of chronotypes, which corresponds with the empirical observations.
Does Audit Quality Mediate the Effect of Auditor Tenure, Abnormal Audit Fee and Auditor's Reputation on Giving Going Concern Opinion?

The increased fraud of financial statements shows the low role of external auditors in providing a quality audit report. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the length of the audit firm-client relationship, abnormal audit fees and auditor reputation on giving of going concern opinion mediated by audit quality. The sample consists of 185 firm years. Sample companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2016. Data analysis techniques using SEM based PLS.The result of the indirect effect test shows that auditor tenure and auditor reputation have a positive effect on audit quality while abnormal audit fees has a negative effect to audit quality and audit quality has a negative effect on giving of going concern opinion. The results of this study also show that the company's financial condition does not moderate the effect of audit quality on giving going concern opinion.
How stable is the stimulus magnitude effect on perceived duration

In the present study, temporal reproduction was used to further elucidate the effect of stimulus magnitude on perceived duration. More specifically, we investigated split-half and test-retest reliabilities of perceived duration as obtained by the temporal reproduction task as well as the effect of stimulus magnitude on perceived duration. For this purpose, 36 participants reproduced the duration of visual stimuli presented for 800, 1000, and 1200 msec, respectively, varying in non-temporal stimulus magnitude. There were two experimental sessions separated by a one-week test-retest interval. A statistically significant main effect of stimulus magnitude on perceived duration could be established with larger stimuli being perceived as longer than smaller ones. As indicated by split-half and test-retest coefficients, perceived durations proved to be highly reliable. Only rather low test-retest coefficients, however, could be demonstrated for the effect of stimulus magnitude on perceived duration indicating poor stability for this latter effect.
Metabolic Symbiosis in Chemoresistance: Refocusing the Role of Aerobic Glycolysis

Cellular metabolic reprogramming is now recognized as a hallmark of tumors. Altered tumor metabolism determines the malignant biological behaviors and phenotypes of cancer. More recently, studies have begun to reveal that cancer cells generally exhibit increased glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP)generation, which is frequently associated with drug resistance. The metabolism of drug-resistant cells is regulated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which ultimately confer cancer cells drug resistance phenotype. The key enzymes involved in glycolysis and the key molecules in relevant pathways have been used as targets to reverse drug resistance. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the role of metabolic symbiosis in therapeutic resistance and discuss the ongoing effort to develop metabolic inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs to overcome drug resistance to classical chemotherapy.