Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remagnetization of the Alamo Breccia, Nevada

Abstract The Devonian Alamo Breccia is a thick (<30–130 m) unit, interpreted as a bolide impact deposit, which is bracketed by marine carbonates. Samples were collected within the breccia and above/below the breccia for a contact test to determine if the breccia acted as a conduit for fluids that could have caused the widespread chemical remanent magnetizations (CRMs) present in Palaeozoic Era rocks in Nevada. The carbonates above, below and in the breccia contain a Cretaceous Period syn-tilting CRM that resides in pyrrhotite and a pre-tilting late Palaeozoic Era CRM that resides in magnetite. The contact test is negative. Despite these results, diagenetic alteration by externally derived fluids is interpreted as the most likely mechanism of remagnetization. This hypothesis is supported by 87Sr/86Sr values in the breccia and surrounding rocks that suggest alteration by fluids with a radiogenic signature. The fluids were not localized in the breccia but are interpreted to have moved pervasively through the rocks. The results differ from some other studies that found that fluids caused localized CRMs around fluid conduits.
Variable Neighborhood Search for Extremal Graphs . 16 . Some Conjectures Related to the Largest Eigenvalue of a Graph

We consider four conjectures related to the largest eigenvalue of (the adjacency matrix of) a graph (i.e., to the index of the graph). Three of them have been formulated after some experiments with the programming system AutoGraphiX (AGX), designed for finding extremal graphs with respect to given properties by the use of variable neighborhood search. The conjectures are related to the maximal value of the irregularity and spectral spread in n-vertex graphs, to a Nordhaus-Gaddum type upper bound for the index, and to the maximal value of the index for graphs with given numbers of vertices and edges. None of the conjectures has been resolved so far. We present partial results and provide some indications that the conjectures are very hard.
Dynamic In Silico Model of Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin Combined With Exercise: A Sobol Sensitivity Analysis

Background: The widespread adoption of a sedentary lifestyle characterized by the consumption of a high-energy diet combined with a lack of physical activity has resulted in a rise in the prevalence of metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes (T2D) globally. The data published by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) every year catches the attention of the world. Insulin resistance results in the dysregulation of the control mechanism that leads to T2D. In addition to metformin as a globally prescribed drug, physical exercise is recommended for the treatment of T2D as an alternative therapy. In today’s systems biology era, sensitivity analysis plays a major role in providing deeper insights into the metabolic insulin signalling pathways (ISPs). Methods: Here, the complex in silico dynamic model of the effect of alternative therapies on T2D was examined. In order to obtain more quantitative information about the signal transduction network of the ISPs and their interaction, a global sensitivity analysis of the in silico model was carried out using the MATLAB tool. Results: This study sheds light on the effect of parameter perturbation on the ISP via GLUT4 translocation in T2D patients performing physical exercise and using metformin. It also allows for the selection of a variety of parameters for in vivo or in vitro studies in the future on the basis of the impact of parameter variations on each component of the pathway. Conclusion: The Sobol index for each condition was noted after introducing perturbations in the most sensitive parameters. These results can provide experimental guidance on how the variations in model inputs have affected the model outputs.
Low-frequency variations in the atmospheric branch of the global hydrological cycle

Abstract According to the atmospheric water balance equation, the divergence of the water vapor flux is responsible for the exchange of water vapor between its source and sink regions. Because the water vapor flux divergence is primarily determined by the divergent circulation, time variations of the global hydrological cycle reflect the pronounced low-frequency modes of the global divergent circulation, that is, the annual and intraseasonal (30–60 day) modes. The annual variation of the hydrological cycle is illustrated in terms of hemispheric-mean hydrological variables for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, while the intraseasonal variations of the global hydrological cycle are illustrated with mean values over two hemispheres that form an east-west partition of the globe. This partition is defined by the 60°E–120°W great circle and was chosen so that the mean precipitation difference and the divergent water vapor transport between the two hemispheres was maximized. Two years (1979–80) of daily pre.
High Prevalence of Anal Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women Attending a Clinic for Prevention of Anal Cancer in Salvador, Brazil

Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) are highly vulnerable to anal sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Objectives—to evaluate the prevalence of anal STIs among MSM and TGW attending a referral clinic for anal cancer prevention. Methods—MSM and TGW attending a medical visit for high-resolution anoscopy in Salvador, Brazil, from February 2021 to June 2022 were screened for HPV, gonorrhea, and chlamydial infection by PCR of anal swab and by serum VDRL titration for syphilis screening. They also responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior. Results—we evaluated 141 participants: 117 (82.9%) MSM, 9 (6.4%) bisexual men (BSM), and 15 (10.6%) TGW. Most (111/141, 78.7%) were older than 30 years, 89 (63.1%) had over 12 years of education, and 124 (87.9%) had a family income of up to five minimum wages. At least one STI was detected in 112 (79.4%) of the participants (86.7% among TGW). HIV infection was detected in 102 (72.3%) participants; HIV frequency was higher in BSM (7/9, 88.9%) and in MSM (89/116, 76.1%) than in TGW (5/15, 33.3%). A lower income (p = 0.004) was predictive of anal STIs, while syphilis was significantly more frequent among participants with HIV (29.1% vs. 5,3%, for HIV positive and negative, respectively, p = 0.002). Presenting at least one active STI was also associated with having had group sex in the last year (p = 0.03) and with use of sexualized drugs (p = 0.02). Conclusions—MSM and TGW present a high vulnerability to anal STIs. Number of sexual partners, use of sexualized drugs, and lower income are predictive of a higher risk of acquiring an STI in such populations.
A 3D Petrofabric Examination of Martian Breccia NWA 11220 via X‐Ray Computed Microtomography: Evidence for an Impact Lithology

The Martian regolith breccia Northwest Africa (NWA) 11220 and paired stones represent the only known meteorites that sample a clastic sub‐surface lithology from Mars. By applying X‐ray computed microtomography to monomineralic clasts, we identify three phases that can be automatically segmented by thresholding X‐ray attenuation greyscale values: (A) feldspars, (B) pyroxene and apatite, and (C) iron‐rich oxides and sulfides, confirmed via scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. For these three phases, we demonstrate scale invariance in size and shape for sand‐sized clasts and smaller, a characteristic commonly observed for clast populations generated by fragmentation without further sorting from sedimentary transport (e.g., Aeolian or fluvial processes). Additionally, by assessing the preferred orientation of fitted ellipses and ellipsoids to manually segmented proto‐breccia clasts in two and three dimensions, we identified a weak planar fabric that likely resulted from compaction rather than impact transport. Combining clast size distribution with evidence for nested textures inside proto‐breccia clasts, we propose that NWA 11220 has experienced a minimum of two hypervelocity impact events and should be considered a lithified impact ejecta lithology with little to no reworking via surface regolith processes.
Lipid Nanoparticles: An Effective Tool to Improve the Bioavailability of Nutraceuticals

Nano-range bioactive colloidal carrier systems are envisaged to overcome the challenges associated with treatments of numerous diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), one of the extensively investigated drug delivery systems, not only improve pharmacokinetic parameters, transportation, and chemical stability of encapsulated compounds but also provide efficient targeting and reduce the risk of toxicity. Over the last decades, nature-derived polyphenols, vitamins, antioxidants, dietary supplements, and herbs have received more attention due to their remarkable biological and pharmacological health and medical benefits. However, their poor aqueous solubility, compromised stability, insufficient absorption, and accelerated elimination impede research in the nutraceutical sector. Owing to the possibilities offered by various LNPs, their ability to accommodate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules and the availability of various preparation methods suitable for sensitive molecules, loading natural fragile molecules into LNPs offers a promising solution. The primary objective of this work is to explore the synergy between nature and nanotechnology, encompassing a wide range of research aimed at encapsulating natural therapeutic molecules within LNPs.
Evaluation of the buccal bone thickness in the anterior maxillary region using cone-beam computed tomography

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the buccal plate thickness of maxillary anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methodology: This study involved a retrospective analysis of CBCT images from 104 randomly selected patients aged 20–50 years who had not experienced loss of their maxillary central and lateral incisors and canine teeth. The bone thicknesses of six anterior maxillary teeth were measured at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm distances apical to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) and between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and ABC for six anterior maxillary teeth. The association between buccal bone plate width and distance from the CEJ to the ABC was examined across genders and among different age groups. Results: The mean buccal bone thicknesses were 1.13 mm, 1.22 mm, and 1.04 mm at distances of 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm, respectively. The mean distance from the CEJ to the ABC was 2.09 mm. A negative correlation was observed between age and the distance from the CEJ to the ABC. No correlation was found between buccal bone thickness and gender, and a negative correlation existed between age and buccal bone thickness. Women displayed a significantly lower distance from the CEJ to the ABC compared to men, and a negative correlation between buccal bone thickness and distance from the CEJ to the ABC was present across all tooth groups. Conclusion: This study revealed that the bone width in the maxillary anterior region was remarkably thin. Therefore, achieving the minimum bone thickness of 2 mm necessary for optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes is seldom feasible in this area. Considering these findings, additional research utilizing larger patient cohorts is essential to fully comprehend how age and gender affect buccal bone thickness and CEJ-ABC distance. Additionally, utilizing preoperative CBCT for radiographic analysis to identify risk factors and select the appropriate treatment approach is strongly recommended. How to cite this article: Sağlıklı A, İpek F. Evaluation of the buccal bone thickness in the anterior maxillary region using cone-beam computed tomography. Int Dent Res 2023;13(S1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.5577/idr.2023. vol13.s1. 1 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Isually Lossless Coding for Color Aerial Images Using PEG

This paper describes a psychophysical experiment to measure visibility thresholds (VT) for quantization distortion in JPEG2000 and an associated quantization algorithm for visually lossless coding of color aerial images. The visibility thresholds are obtained from a quantization distortion model based on the statistical characteristics of wavelet coefficients and the deadzone quantizer of JPEG2000, and the resulting visibility thresholds are presented for the luminance component (Y) and two chrominance components (Cb and Cr). Using the thresholds, we have achieved visually lossless coding for 24-bit color aerial images at an average bitrate of 4.17 bits/pixels, which is approximately 30% of the bitrate required for numerically lossless coding.
Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico), Red Snapper

Abstract : The red snapper is found offshore on the Continental Shelf throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Red snappers are taken in the snapper-grouper fishery, usually with baited hooks. The red snapper commercial fishery currently ranks seventh in total value among commercial catches of finfish and shellfish in the gulf. Red snapper are also a target of a large sport fishery. The most important prey of red snapper are fish, squid, and crustaceans. In general, red snapper spawn in summer and fall in the Gulf of Mexico. The peak abundance of juveniles occurs in shallower water (20-46 m) than does the peak abundance adults. Adult red snapper do not move from their reef habitations during the cooler months, and during that time will remain in a fishing area until it is fished out. Fish 1 to 5 years old grow 60-90 mm SL/year. Red snapper may reach a fork length of 845 mm, a weight of 12 kg, and an age of 13 years. Keywords: Reproduction(physiology); Species profiles; Fishes; Fisheries; Life cycles; Marine fishes; Contaminants; Growth(physiology); Feeding habits; Red snapper; Lutjanus campechanus.
Neuropsychological and neurophysiological insights into hoarding disorder

: Hoarding disorder (HD) is associated with significant personal impairment in function and constitutes a severe public health burden. Individuals who hoard experience intense distress in discarding a large number of objects, which results in extreme clutter. Research and theory suggest that hoarding may be associated with specific deficits in information processing, particularly in the areas of attention, memory, and executive functioning. There is also growing interest in the neural underpinnings of hoarding behavior. Thus, the primary aim of this review is to summarize the current state of evidence regarding neuropsychological deficits associated with hoarding and review research on its neurophysiological underpinnings. We also outline the prominent theoretical model of hoarding and provide an up-to-date description of empirically based psychological and medical treatment approaches for HD. Finally, we discuss important future avenues for elaborating our model of HD and improving treatment access and outcomes for this disabling disorder.
Development of Density Meter Learning Media Using Arduino Uno to Improve Critical Thinking Abilities

This research aims to develop an Arduino Uno-based learning media that focuses on measuring the density of substances, with the aim of determining the suitability of the density meter, the accuracy of the density meter and improving students' critical thinking skills. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a Four-D model with the steps Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. This learning media is designed to provide students with practical experience in understanding the concept of density through direct experiments using a density meter connected to an Arduino Uno. Apart from that, this media is also designed to encourage students to develop critical thinking skills, such as analysis, evaluation and problem solving skills through reflective questions that are integrated into learning. Validation and testing are carried out through certain stages to ensure the quality and effectiveness of this learning media. Assessments are carried out on aspects of clarity of instructions, relevance to lesson material, appropriateness of level of difficulty, and impact on students' critical thinking abilities. The collected data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of the development of the density meter tool show that the assessment of experts is in the very appropriate category with a score of 90.50. The tool's accuracy results are an average of 99.55%. Apart from that, the post-test results revealed that the density meter was proven to be effective in improving students' critical thinking skills with an N-Gain value of 0.80 in the high category. It is hoped that the results of this research can make a positive contribution in the development of learning media that focuses on practical aspects and critical thinking skills. It is hoped that the Density Meter learning media using Arduino Uno can help teachers teach density concepts with a more interesting and effective approach, as well as encourage students to think more critically in understanding and applying science concepts in everyday life.
Recent developments in the assessment and management of inflammatory bowel disease in childhood: a narrative review

Background and Objective The landscape of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) continues to evolve in an era of increasing incidence. There have been rapid developments in understanding, as we begin to perceive IBD as a spectrum of conditions, alongside advancements in monitoring and treatment. The objective of this article was to provide an overview of recent advances and challenges in the management of pIBD, with a focus on sustainable healthcare, personalised therapy, genomics, new drugs and avenues for future optimisation. Methods We present a narrative review that synthesises and summarises recent research (2017–2022) related to pIBD. We undertook a structured search of the literature (PubMed and Medline) and additional articles were identified through manual searches of reference lists. Evidence tables were compiled for disease outcomes. Key Content and Findings In this review we outline current practice, integrating clinical guidelines and contemporary research. We discuss initial investigations (including suggested threshold for paediatric faecal calprotectin), specialist investigations for disease monitoring [with reference to video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and therapeutic drug levels] and outline new and established treatment options. Biomarkers and genomic testing are examined as important tools for individualising care and identifying potential therapeutic targets, including for top-down therapy. Despite these advances, significant challenges remain, including the need for further research to understand the mechanisms of disease and the translation of these advances into real-world improvements in practice. Conclusions Recent advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of pIBD, alongside genomic and pharmacological developments have added more tools to the armamentarium for the treatment of these conditions and highlighted ongoing areas of research need.
Regression Model Predicting Appraised Unit Value of Land in San Francisco County from Number of and Distance to Public Transit Stops using GIS

Regression Model Predicting Appraised Unit Value of Land in San Francisco County from Number of and Distance to Public Transit Stops Using GIS. (May 2012) Kiyoung Son, B.A., Kyunghee University; M.S., Kyunghee University Co-Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Paul K. Woods Dr. Valerian Miranda The objective of this study is to develop a quantifying model that predicts the appraised unit value of parcels in San Francisco County based on number of LEED-NC Public Transportation Access (PTA) qualified bus, light rail and commuter rail stops, distance to closest bus, light rail and commuter rail stops, zoning class and parcel size. As a population of interest, San Francisco County was chosen since it is known as a region having well-organized transportation systems including bus, light rail and commuter rail systems. According to the correlation results, for mixed zone, an appraised unit value increases as the number of LEED qualified transit stops increases (bus, light rail, and commuter rail). In addition, the appraised unit value increases as the distance to LEED qualified bus stops light rail stops decreases. For residential zone, the appraised unit value increases as the number of LEED qualified bus and light rail stations increases. Furthermore, the appraised unit value increases as the distance to LEED qualified bus stops decreases.
Geochemical characteristics and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the sediments from the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea

Abstract Geochemical investigations of sediments from core GC22 from the Tonkin Gulf, South China Sea, have been carried out in order to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the area during the Holocene. Vertical variations in Al/Ti, K/Al and Mg/Al clearly indicate the degree of chemical weathering in the source area. Zr/Ti and SiO2/Al2O3 recorded the history of current velocity changes, and La/Co v. La/Sc, combined with distribution patterns of rare earth elements, suggested that Hainan Island was the main source of the sediments during the Holocene. Based on the results of the analysis, the evolution of palaeoenvironments in the Tonkin Gulf can be divided into four stages: (1) 10.12–6.46 ka BP, the regional climate got warmer, and the sea level of the gulf rose rapidly, which is indicated by rapid declines in Sr/Ba and CaO. (2) 6.46–4.3 ka BP, the gulf had a stable depositional environment, and the local climate became cold and dry. (3) 4.3–3.55 ka BP, the currents and sedimenary provenance in the gulf were significantly influenced by the opening of the Qiongzhou Strait. (4) 3.55 ka BP–present, the regional sea level remained roughly stable.
Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Response to Removal of a Partially Breached Lowhead Dam

Dam removal is an increasingly common restoration technique in lotic ecosystems. Potential dam removal benefits include improved aquatic organism passage, restoration of natural flow dynamics and a general improvement in habitat for native species. However, understanding potential dam removal outcomes requires data on ecosystem response in a wide variety of settings. We evaluated fish and benthic macroinvertebrate response to removal of the Spruce Pine dam in western North Carolina, USA. This dam was partially breached prior to removal, and impounded a coolwater river, both scenarios under which dam removal has been under‐studied. Post‐removal shifts in fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages did not occur, suggesting that previously documented patterns of assemblage change in response to dam removal, particularly in the area upstream from the dam, are not universal, and may depend upon factors such as river gradient and water temperature, and the available species pool. Such information can aid managers in identifying conditions under which an expectation of significant instream habitat improvement in response to dam removal may not be warranted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.