Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Drying Temperature and Natural Preservatives on Reducing Aflatoxins in Solar Dried Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L)

Experiments were conducted in 2013-14 to study the effect of drying temperature and natural preservatives for reducing aflatoxins in dried persimmons. Persimmons were dried using a flat plate solar collector connected to a drying chamber at a temperature range of 40 to 60 o -1 respectively. After drying the samples were studied for aflatoxins. Analysis of variance was done using two factorial completely randomized design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that both the factors significantly (α<0.01) affect the aflatoxin deposition in dried persimmons. Maximum aflatoxins of 31.7 µg kg−1 was recorded in persimmons treated with Aloe vera and dried under a temperature of 40 o C with B1 and G1 type of aflatoxins while minimum of 7.1 µg kg−1 was recorded in persimmons treated with honey and dried under a temperature of 60 o C with G1 type. It was concluded that increase in temperature of the drying system decreased the contamination by fungus up to 22%. Also the overall performance of honey was good as compared to aloe vera gel used as natural preservatives for reducing aflatoxins in dried persimmons.
The effect of water ratio on microstructre and composition of the hydration products of portland cement pastes

The study was concerned with examining the effect of the water-to-cement ratio over the range of 0.19 to 0.50 on the composition and morphology of hydrated cement pastes. The strength after setting increases with decreasing w/c while the content of hydration products decreases. At the same time the homogeneity of the hydration products tends to increase and the occurrence of crystalline hydrates (particularly that of portlandite) decreases. At the lower w/c values, higher-calcium forms of the C-S-H phase, in which Ca(OH) 2 is dispersed, arise at the lower w/c values. Crystalline portlandite exhibits a preferential direction of fracture, thus creating conditions for potential ready crack propagation and therefore also for a possible lowering of strength. Crystalline Ca(OH) 2 is then the weakest part of the set system and represents a limit of its mechanical properties. The differences in the content and form of Ca(OH) 2 present in set materials based on Portland cement may have unexpected effects on their performance properties.
Velocity field measurements in an evaporating sessile droplet by means of micro-PIV technique

Velocity fields are measured in evaporating sessile droplets on two substrates with different contact angles and contact angle hysteresis using micro resolution particle image velocimetry technique. Different flow patterns are observed in different stages of droplet evaporation: a flow with vortices and a radial flow. Flow structure is found to be similar for droplets on different substrates.
Study on Yield Variability in Oil Palm Progenies and Their Genetic Origins

: One of the most important and widely known plantation crops with high revenue returns is the Elaeis guineensis palm. To date, yield variability in fresh fruit bunches (YFFB) in Malaysian oil palm plantations is one of the key inﬂuences in low palm oil yield. Accordingly, an assessment of dura × pisifera progenies and their genetic origins on oil palm yield was investigated. Twenty-four derived progenies from 10 genetic sources were adopted as F1 hybrid-single generation and the standard approach for data collection of the yield and yield traits was followed for three sequential years. Variance analysis showed genetic differences between the progenies and their origins. Amid the progenies analyzed, 45.83% had YFFB above the trial mean. Progeny HPDP500 had the highest YFFB (191.74 kg/palm/year) and the highest bunch number (YBNO) was recorded in PKDP4474 (20.65 bunches/palm/year), and HPDP500 (20.53 bunches/palm/year). In year one and year three, the highest YFFB was reported, while in year one of data collection, the highest YBNO was recorded. Dura -Ulu Remis × Yangambi had the highest YFFB (175.81 kg/palm/year) and Tanzania × Nigeria recorded the highest YBNO (19.06 bunches/palm/year). High heritability and phenotypic coefﬁcient of variation with a moderate genotypic coefﬁcient of variation for all the traits were further revealed. YFFB had a moderate positive YBNO relationship (r = 0.676; df =3, 23; p = 0.0001) and a weak positive average bunch weight correlation (r = 0.378; df = 3, 23; p = 0.0001). For tissue culture and hybridization programs for yield enhancement, progenies and origins with better performance may be used; however, the use of molecular research as a selection criterion seems to be worth further analysis.
Chitosan: an edible coating for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.

Chitosan is a non toxic polymer derived from chitin. The physicochemical and biological properties of chitosan justify its introduction in food formulations since it could improve nutritional, hygienic and/or sensory properties, because of its emulsifying, antimicrobial, antioxidant and gelling properties, while also acting as a functional fiber. This makes it particularly suitable for the formulation of edible coatings, for maintaining the quality and extending the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables such as citrus, peach, kiwifruit, strawberries, tomatoes and apples. The effects of chitosan coating on the storage life of fresh-cut products such as strawberries, carrot, mango, cantaloupe, pineapple, and mushroom were investigated. Strawberries were treated with a solution of 1% chitosan, packaged in modified atmosphere (MA) with high (80%) and low (5%) percentage of O 2 and then stored at 4, 8, 12 and 15°C. A chitosan coating inhibited the growth of microorganisms and affected the stability time of the products positively, especially when the samples were packaged in MA. Besides, the presence of a high percentage of O 2 , combined with chitosan coating, seemed to affect color positively. Application of chitosan coating on fresh-cut mushrooms delayed discoloration associated with reduced activities of polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and laccase, as well as lower total phenolic content and reduced activities of cellulase, total amylase and α-amylase. Microbiological development of the samples treated with chitosan coating was also inhibited compared to the control. The effect of chitosan/methyl cellulose films on microbial characteristics of fresh-cut cantaloupe and pineapple was examined. Chitosan/methyl cellulose and vanillin films provided an inhibitory effect against E. coli and S. cerevisiae. The functional properties of chitosan-based films can be improved by combining them with other hydrocolloids and film-forming materials.
Get a Room! How Writing Groups Aid the Development of Junior Academics’ Writing Practice and Writer Identity

The present study revisits writing retreat participants who have spontaneously formed writing groups before or after attending a retreat hosted by the Unit for Academic Language at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. All in all, 11 doctoral students and 1 post doc were interviewed using a semi-structured interview model. The answers were thematically analysed based on Murray’s (2014) concept of coherence in writing groups as well as parts of Aitchison and Lee’s (2006) key characteristics of writing groups. The two main research questions posed concern (i) whether the informants have changed their writing practice and/or the way they think and feel about writing since joining a writing group, and (ii) whether possible changes have aided the development of their identity as academic writers. Results show that the informants have indeed changed central aspects of their writing practice and that this in turn has positively influenced how they now think and feel about writing. This has to some extent contributed to the informants’ development of their writer identity; however, the present study also sheds light on the fact that more needs to be done at departmental levels across the university to make academic writing visible.
Using the 2018 AEA Evaluator Competencies for Evaluator Education and Professional Development

This chapter addresses using the 2018 American Evaluation Association (AEA) Evaluator Competencies to structure evaluator education and training, the benefits of doing so, and the negative consequences when the competencies are not used. It discusses what educator use of competencies might look like in the design of educational experiences and the eventual potential for the accreditation of university‐based and nonuniversity training programs. The chapter concludes by calling on evaluator education programs to take an evaluative look at their own offerings.
A “Just Enough” Gross Proximal Margin Length Ensuring Pathologically Complete Resection in Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Introduction: The objective of this study is to determine a “just enough” gross proximal margin (PM) length to ensure a pathologically negative PM in distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. There is a discrepancy between the gross and pathological proximal boundaries of gastric cancer. We must transect the stomach maintaining some safety margins to obtain a pathologically negative PM. However, we have no standard to indicate where to transect the stomach. Methods: Patients undergoing distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer were enrolled. A new parameter named ΔPM, which corresponded to the pathological extension proximal to the gross tumor boundary toward the resection stump, was evaluated. The number of patients was counted in each ΔPM range of 1-cm increments. The maximum ΔPM was defined as the first value at which the number of patients became 0, and it was determined as the recommended gross PM length for each disease type. Results: In cT1, 259 and 330 patients were assigned to differentiated (Dif) and undifferentiated types (Und), respectively. The maximum ΔPM was 20 mm for Dif and 40 mm for Und. In cT2–4, 194 and 490 patients were assigned to the expansive (Exp) and infiltrative (Inf) growth types. The maximum ΔPM was 30 mm for Exp. The maximum ΔPM was 50 mm for Inf of less than 80 mm and 60 mm for Inf of 80 mm or more. Conclusions: A newly recommended gross PM length to ensure pathologically negative PMs in distal gastrectomy for each gastric cancer type was determined.
Reconnaissance Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Crude Oil Spill on Soil Chemical Properties and Plant Composition at Kwawa, Ogoni, Nigeria

Long-term effects on soil chemical properties and plant composition of a crude oil polluted site were assessed using random surface soil samples and quantitative vegetation data collection methods. Results showed that total hydrocarbon content (542.50±28.58 mg kgG1) and total organic carbon (1.06±0.18%) of polluted site were significantly (p = 0.05) higher than the unpolluted site of 27.90±22.10 mg kgG1 and 0.73±0.06%, respectively. Plant species composition showed that Aspillia busei and Heterotis rotundofolia were abundant at polluted site and absent in unpolluted site while Panicum maximum and chromolaena odoratum were absent in polluted site. Species diversities records were 0.37 (polluted site) and 0.64 (unpolluted). Aspillia busei recorded the highest frequency of occurrence (90%) and density (28.2 mG2) in the polluted site while Starchytarpheta jamaicensis recorded the highest frequency of occurrence (40%) and Andropogon tectorum the highest density (3.9 mG2) at the unpolluted site. It can be concluded that the effects of crude oil pollution persists for a long time and negatively affect soil chemical properties, plant species composition and species diversity.
Cardiovascular Safety of Metoclopramide Compared to Domperidone: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Abstract Background Metoclopramide and domperidone are common prokinetics used to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms. However, both drugs may trigger ventricular arrhythmias. Aim We conducted this population-based study to compare the 30-day cardiovascular safety of metoclopramide versus domperidone in outpatient care. Methods We used health care databases to identify a cohort of patients in Ontario, Canada newly dispensed metoclopramide or domperidone. Inverse probability of treatment weighting based on propensity scores was used to balance the baseline characteristics of the two groups. All outcomes were assessed in the 30 days following drug dispensing. The primary outcome was hospital encounter with ventricular arrhythmia. The secondary outcomes were hospital encounter with cardiac arrest, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Results We identified 196,544 patients, 19% of whom were prescribed metoclopramide. There was no difference in the risk of a hospital encounter with ventricular arrythmia (0.02% in both groups), or cardiac arrest (0.10% with metoclopramide and 0.08% with domperidone). However, 1.34% of patients died after starting metoclopramide compared to 0.52% of patients starting domperidone; weighted risk ratio 2.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13 to 3.03). Similarly, 0.42% of patients died of cardiovascular causes after starting metoclopramide compared to 0.19 % of patients starting domperidone; weighted risk ratio 2.00 (95% CI 1.44 to 2.77). Conclusion The 30-day risk for a hospital encounter with ventricular arrhythmia was low for both metoclopramide and domperidone, with no significant difference in the rate between the two drugs. The higher 30-day risk of death observed with metoclopramide compared with domperidone in this study has also been observed in other studies and warrants further investigation.
Morphological Evolution of Hydroxyapatite Particles in the Presence of Different Citrate:Calcium Ratios

This work is focused on the potential role of citrate-derived species as tailoring agents for the morphology of hydroxyapatite particles during their synthesis. Under hydrothermal conditions (T = 180 °C), precursor solutions with different initial citrate:calcium molar ratios (R) allow the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite particles whose final morphology shows a significant dependence on the initial citrate amount and growth time. Increasing R from 3:1 to 7:1 causes the morphology to evolve from needlelike- and rodlike-shaped nanoparticles toward larger microparticles with hedgehoglike or bundlelike aspects that are composed of assembled primary units. A strong decay of the specific surface area from 55 m2/g for nanometric particles (R = 3:1) down to 17 m2/g for microparticles (R = 7:1) also corroborates the morphological evolution. The evolution of the particle morphology is accompanied by citrate chemistry changes. As confirmed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis, citrate io.
Understanding particles emitted from spray and wall-guided gasoline direct injection and flex fuel vehicles operating on ethanol and iso-butanol gasoline blends

ABSTRACT Traffic-related pollutants are an ever-growing concern. However, the composition of particle emissions from new vehicle technologies using relevant current and prospective fuel blends is not known. This study tested four current and up-and-coming vehicle technologies with nine fuel blends with various concentrations of ethanol and iso-butanol. Vehicles were driven on both the federal test procedure (FTP) and the unified cycle (UC). Additional tests were conducted under steady-state speed conditions. The vehicle technologies include spray-guided gasoline direct injection (SG-GDI), wall-guided gasoline direct injection (WG-GDI), port-fuel injection flex fuel vehicle (PFI-FFV), and a wall-guided GDI-FFV. The fuels consisted of 10–83% ethanol and 16–55% iso-butanol in gasoline. The composition of soot, water-insoluble mass (WIM), water-soluble organic mass, and water-insoluble organic mass (WIOM), and OM was measured. The majority of emissions over FTP and UC were water-insoluble (>70%), and WIOM contributes mostly to OM. PFIs have lower soot and particulate matter (PM) emissions in comparison to the WG-GDI technology even while increasing the renewable fuel content. SG-GDI technology, which has not penetrated the market, show promise as soot and PM emissions are comparable to PFI vehicles while preserving the GDI fuel economy benefits. The WIM fraction in GDI-FFV consistently increased with increasing ethanol concentration. Lastly, the impact of the future vehicle emissions and traffic pollutants is discussed. SG-GDI technology is found to be a promising sustainable technology to enhance fuel economy and also reduce PM, soot, and WIM emissions. Copyright © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research
The Linguistic and Prosodic Analyses of English Film Trailers

The aim of the study is to conduct linguistic analysis and to identify prosodic features in the English film trailers. The authors undertake the study with the assistance of applied computer programme Speech Analyzer 3.1. The linguistic analysis of English trailers shows that the most commonly used stylistic means are: epithets, hyperbole, repetitions, and rhetorical questions. The results of the research suggest that such prosodic features as pitch, loudness, tempo, rhythm, pausation are used in the speech of the actors in the movie trailers. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the authors conclude that the value of prosodic design increases since prosodic features provide film trailers with a sound colouring optimizing mainly the auditory perception and the desire of viewers to watch the film.
The Effect of Size on Postrelease Survival of Head-Started Mojave Desert Tortoises

Captive-rearing conservation programs focus primarily on maximizing postrelease survival. Survival increases with size in a variety of taxa, often leading to the use of enhanced size as a means to minimize postrelease losses. Head-starting is a specific captive-rearing approach used to accelerate growth in captivity prior to release in the wild. We explored the effect of size at release, among other potential factors, on postrelease survival in head-started Mojave desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii. Juvenile tortoises were reared for different durations of captivity (2–7 y) and under varying husbandry protocols, resulting in a wide range of juvenile sizes (68–145 mm midline carapace length) at release. We released all animals (n = 78) in the Mojave National Preserve, California, United States, on 25 September 2018. Release size and surface activity were the only significant predictors of fate during the first year postrelease. Larger sized head-starts had higher predicted survival rates when compared with smaller individuals. This trend was also observed in animals of the same age but reared under different protocols, suggesting that accelerating the growth of head-started tortoises may increase efficiency of head-starting programs without decreasing postrelease success. Excluding five missing animals, released head-starts had 82.2% survival in their first year postrelease (September 2018–September 2019), with all mortalities resulting from predation. No animals with >90-mm midline carapace length were predated by ravens. Our findings suggest the utility of head-starting may be substantially improved by incorporating indoor rearing to accelerate growth. Target release size for head-started chelonians will vary among head-start programs based on release site conditions and project-specific constraints.
FINANCIAL LITERACY: AN ESSENTIAL IN SMALL MEDIUM ENTREPRISES (SMEs) PERFORMANCE

This study aims to examining the effect of financial literacy on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malang. This explanatory study was conducted in Sukun District, Malang City. The population was SMEs that located in Sukun District, Malang City which were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling with the total number of 220 samples. The study used descriptive quantitative design with primary data as the data source. The data was analyzed using Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) 3.3 Version with hypothesis tested using Bootstrap. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the financial literacy of the SMEs in Sukun District, Malang City was at a good literacy level which is Sufficient Literate; 2) the Small and Medium Enterprises in Sukun District has a good level of business performance; and Analysis of Smart PLS shows that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Sukun District, Malang. Therefore, financial literacy of the business owner has an important role in business performance. financial literacy can help business actors to gain adequate financial knowledge and capabilities in preparing their business financial strategies and improving their business performance
Stable Carbon Isotopes of Phytoplankton as a Tool to Monitor Anthropogenic CO2 Submarine Leakages

This study aims to validate the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of phytoplankton as a tool for detecting submarine leakages of anthropogenic CO2(g), since it is characterised by δ13C values significantly lower than the natural CO2 dissolved in oceans. Three culture experiments were carried out to investigate the changes in δ13C of the diatom Thalassiosira rotula during growth in an artificially modified medium (ASW). Three different dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations were tested to verify if carbon availability affects phytoplankton δ13C. Simultaneously, at each experiment, T. rotula was cultured under natural DIC isotopic composition (δ13CDIC) and carbonate system conditions. The available DIC pool for diatoms grown in ASW was characterised by δ13CDIC values (−44.2 ± 0.9‰) significantly lower than the typical marine range. Through photosynthetic DIC uptake, microalgae δ13C rapidly changed, reaching significantly low values (until −43.4‰). Moreover, the different DIC concentrations did not affect the diatom δ13C, exhibiting the same trend in δ13C values in the three ASW experiments. The experiments prove that phytoplankton isotopic composition quickly responds to changes in the δ13C of the medium, making this approach a promising and low-impact tool for detecting CO2(g) submarine leakages from CO2(g) deposits.
Exploring English Learners’ Engagement and Their Roles in the Online Language Course

In technology-enhanced language learning, student engagement and roles of learners are being popular to be exposed to a better understanding of their progress on their performance of learning, and possible pitfalls in the online language classes during the study-from-home program in the times of COVID-19. This article attempts to explore the students’ perceptions of their engagement in the online learning process. It also investigates the prominent learners’ roles in the online learning environment and the possible factors affecting their engagement or participation in the online learning process. An exploratory research design was applied to this study. The subjects were a hundred and sixty-five undergraduate students from the English Literature Department and the English Education Department. The data collected were from a questionnaire that was distributed using Google Form link via WhatsApp Group, an online interview through the ZOOM meeting, and online observation through learning management systems (LMS) Moodle used by the students. Results show that most students conveyed positive responses toward their online engagement. There were also three most prominent learners’ roles identified. These roles covered active learning, problem solvers, and knowledge seeker. Besides, most students expressed that the number of compulsory task submissions, content courses, unstable internet connection, and limited internet data become the learning factors that might demotivate them to accomplish the online activities and complete the online language course. Thus, course creators or teachers should reconsider using appropriate and effective online learning activities and online learning objects to enhance the students’ active engagement in the online course.