Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-aware Assessment of Severity of Suicide Risk for Early Intervention

Mental health illness such as depression is a significant risk factor for suicide ideation, behaviors, and attempts. A report by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) shows that 80% of the patients suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have suicidal behavior, 5-10% of whom commit suicide. While multiple initiatives have been developed and implemented for suicide prevention, a key challenge has been the social stigma associated with mental disorders, which deters patients from seeking help or sharing their experiences directly with others including clinicians. This is particularly true for teenagers and younger adults where suicide is the second highest cause of death in the US. Prior research involving surveys and questionnaires (e.g. PHQ-9) for suicide risk prediction failed to provide a quantitative assessment of risk that informed timely clinical decision-making for intervention. Our interdisciplinary study concerns the use of Reddit as an unobtrusive data source for gleaning information about suicidal tendencies and other related mental health conditions afflicting depressed users. We provide details of our learning framework that incorporates domain-specific knowledge to predict the severity of suicide risk for an individual. Our approach involves developing a suicide risk severity lexicon using medical knowledge bases and suicide ontology to detect cues relevant to suicidal thoughts and actions. We also use language modeling, medical entity recognition and normalization and negation detection to create a dataset of 2181 redditors that have discussed or implied suicidal ideation, behavior, or attempt. Given the importance of clinical knowledge, our gold standard dataset of 500 redditors (out of 2181) was developed by four practicing psychiatrists following the guidelines outlined in Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), with the pairwise annotator agreement of 0.79 and group-wise agreement of 0.73. Compared to the existing four-label classification scheme (no risk, low risk, moderate risk, and high risk), our proposed C-SSRS-based 5-label classification scheme distinguishes people who are supportive, from those who show different severity of suicidal tendency. Our 5-label classification scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art schemes by improving the graded recall by 4.2% and reducing the perceived risk measure by 12.5%. Convolutional neural network (CNN) provided the best performance in our scheme due to the discriminative features and use of domain-specific knowledge resources, in comparison to SVM-L that has been used in the state-of-the-art tools over similar dataset.
Distribution of Parasitic Nematodes in Japan with Host–Parasite Relationship of Lizards of Plestiodon (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae)

ABSTRACT: Four Japanese species of Plestiodon (Reptilia: Scincidae, formerly Eumeces): Plestiodon japonicus, Plestiodon finitimus, Plestiodon latiscutatus, and Plestiodon oshimensis oshimensis collected from Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu of the Japanese main islands and Amamioshima Island of the Ryukyus, Japan, were examined to make a more exact list of the parasitic nematodes and to reveal their distribution patterns. Six nematode species were found, including 2 species of Heterakidae (Meteterakis japonica and Meteterakis amamiensis), 1 species of Rhabdiasidae (Kurilonema markovi), 1 species of Trichostrongylidae (Oswaldocruzia socialis), 1 species of Cosmocercidae (Cosmocercidae gen. sp.), and 1 species of Pharyngodonidae (Pharyngodonidae gen. sp.). Six new hosts were recorded and 19 new localities were reported. Meteterakis amamiensis and K. markovi were distributed on both sides of Watase's line, which is known as a geographical distribution boundary between the Oriental and Palaearctic regions in Japan. A parapatric distribution of M. japonica and M. amamiensis in the Japanese main islands and coexistence of K. markovi and Neoentomelas asatoi in Amamioshima Island were revealed.
Provisioning with cereal grain depresses the body condition of insectivorous Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella nestlings

Capsule The body condition of nestling Yellowhammers was negatively correlated with the amount of cereal grain in the diet. This supports the hypothesis that cereal grain is an inferior nestling food relative to invertebrates. Cereal grain is frequently provisioned to nestlings in a range of bunting species breeding on farmland, suggesting that invertebrates may be limiting in these habitats.
Comparison of dose requirement of propofol with and without bispectral monitoring in patients undergoing spinal epidural anaesthesia: An institutional based study

Introduction: Sedative protocols are a topic of current research, especially for establishment of extensive monitoring systems for sedative agents. Bispectral index (BIS) is one of the main indicators for measuring the anaesthesia depth. Hence; present study was planned to comparatively assess the dose requirement of propofol with and without bispectral monitoring in patients scheduled to undergo spinal epidural anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: We planned the present research to comparatively assess the dose requirement of propofol with and without bispectral monitoring in subjects scheduled to undergo spinal epidural anaesthesia. For the present study, we evaluated a total of 60 patients and broadly divided them into group 1 and group 2, based on the absence and presence of BIS monitoring respectively. We maintained and compiled the complete demographic, clinical and anaesthetic data of all the patients and analyzed the results by SPSS software. Results: While comparing the average time needed for reaching the adequate level of sedation in between the two study groups, significant results were obtained. We also obtained significant results while comparing the average recovery time in between subjects of both the study groups. Conclusion: For assessing the level of sedation in regional anaesthesia cases, BIS monitoring should be done.
Site classification of afforested arable land based on soil properties for forest production

We used discriminant analysis to identify the key soil properties that discriminate among 30 forest sites rep- resenting a floristic site-type fertility gradient. Thereafter we classified 24 sites on afforested arable land into forest site types using these discriminant functions. The most important soil properties of the E horizon separating different forest site types were pH and the densities of Ca, P, and silt. Using properties of soil from the 0-10 cm depth to represent the current level of site productivity, we classified all soils from afforested arable land into forest site types of high productivity. Among these soils, the most fertile were those with high clay and silt densities. Again, using properties of soil from the 30-40 cm depth to emulate the site productivity that prevailed before soil-formation processes and agri- cultural land use altered the upper soil horizon, we classified most of the soils from afforested arable land into forest site types of medium productivity. This implies that agricultural land use had increased the densities of basic elements at the 0-10 cm soil depth and, consequently, site productivity. The high productivity of former arable lands was attrib- uted to their previous agricultural use and to the inherent properties of fine-grained soils. Resume : Les auteurs ont utilise l'analyse discriminante pour identifier les proprietes du sol les plus aptes a differen- cier 30 stations forestieres representant differents types d'habitats floristiques determines par un gradient de fertilite. Par la suite, ils ont classe 24 sites situes sur des terres arables reboisees dans les differents types de stations forestieres a l'aide de ces fonctions discriminantes. Dans l'horizon E, les proprietes du sol les plus importantes pour separer les types de stations forestieres etaient le pH et la densite de calcium, de phosphorus et de silt. Sur la base des proprietes du sol a une profondeur de 0-10 cm, ce qui represente le niveau actuel de productivite du site, tous les sols des terres arables reboisees ont ete classes dans des types de stations forestieres ayant une forte productivite. Parmi ces sols, les plus fertiles etaient ceux qui avaient une densite elevee d'argile et de silt. De plus, sur la base des proprietes du sol a une profondeur de 30-40 cm, representatives de la productivite originale du site qui prevalait avant que les processus de formation du sol et l'utilization des terres a des fins agricoles alterent l'horizon superieur du sol, la plupart des sols des terres arables reboisees ont ete classes dans des types de stations forestieres dont la productivite est moyenne. Cela implique que l'utilization des terres a des fins agricoles a augmente la densite des elements de base dans la couche de sol de 0-10 cm et, par consequent, la productivite du site. La productivite elevee des anciennes terres arables a ete at- tribuee a l'heritage provenant de l'utilization passee des terres a des fins agricoles et aux proprietes inherentes aux sols a grains fins. (Traduit par la Redaction) Wall and Westman 1460
Chaos and Relaxation in Classical and Quantum Spin Systems

The problems of chaos and relaxation have a fundamental importance in the study of many-body classical and quantum systems. We investigate some of the issues related to these problems numerically in classical and quantum spin systems. New results reported in this thesis include: (i) A remarkably simple algorithm for discriminating chaotic from nonchaotic behavior in classical systems using a time series of one macroscopic observable. The effectiveness of this algorithm stems from the qualitative differences in the power spectra of chaotic and nonchaotic systems. (ii) A modified version of the Onsager regression relation applicable to pure quantum states. (iii) An efficient algorithm for computing the infinitetemperature time correlation functions in systems with large Hilbert spaces. (iv) Absence of exponential sensitivity to small perturbations in macroscopic nonintegrable systems of spins 1/2 . Such a behavior is contrasted with the exponential sensitivity to small perturbations in chaotic classical spin systems. (v) Accurate numerical investigations of free induction decay and spin diffusion in certain spin lattices. The consequences of these results have implications for the foundations of statistical mechanics or practical problems such as computing the long-time behavior of the free induction decay in solids.
Measurements of locomotor activity in hatchlings of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria: effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Abstract. The effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on locomotor activity in crowd‐reared first‐stadium nymphs of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria are investigated under continuous light conditions using an actograph apparatus. Nymphs show monomodal or bimodal patterns of locomotor activity with respect to the time after the start of measurements, depending on the age. Locomotor activity is suppressed by the presence of grass in nymphs aged 0–2 days old but a peak of activity observed shortly after hatching is not suppressed. The results suggest that newly‐hatched nymphs may try to disperse from the hatching site. Nymphs show higher locomotor activity levels under moist conditions than under dry conditions during the first 5‐h period of measurements. This enhanced locomotor activity may constitute attempts to avoid high humidity. Under dim‐light conditions (2 × 10−2 Wm−2), locomotor activity is suppressed during the first half day and increases to a high level thereafter in both grass‐fed and unfed individuals. This increased activity might indicate a possible involvement of circadian rhythms. Background colour has no significant effect on the locomotor activity. The present study provides new aspects of behaviour in nymphs as well as baseline data for behavioural analysis of locust locomotion in relation to phase polyphenism.
Clinicopathologic profile of squamous cell carcinomas in resected specimens of upper aerodigestive tract: A retrospective study of 72 cases

Background: Malignancies of head and neck, especially oral cancers are aggressive epithelial cancers and its incidence is specially high in developing countries like India. Few of the common risk factors associated with these tumours are cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and tobacco chewing. These tumours pose a serious public health issue since majority of these patients present at advanced stage of the disease. This study was aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics and demographic data associated with squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of head and neck. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in 72 resected specimens of malignancies of Head and Neck over a three year study period. Results: A female predominance was noted (M:F = 0.5:1) with majority in age group between 40-50years. Commonest site was in oral cavity, especially in buccal mucosa and this was seen more often in females. Cigarette smoking was more commonly seen in males when compared to females and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.00001), while tobacco chewing was commonly seen in females than males, the difference was statistically insignificant. There were almost equal number of well and moderately differentiated tumours with 40% of total cases showing lymph node metastasis at time of presentation. Conclusion: The occurrence of most of these tumours in oral cavity buccal mucosa and in females could be linked to the tobacco chewing practice in this population. A proper and strict community education and awareness could possibly lead to decrease its incidence.
Serologische Untersuchungen auf Antikörper gegen Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis in Sauen haltenden Betrieben mit unterschiedlichen Behandlungsstrategien gegen Ektoparasiten

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Einschätzung des Räudestatus in Betrieben mit unterschiedlicher Ektoparasitenbekämpfung mittels eines serologischen Herdenscreenings bei Zuchtsauen zum Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis. Material und Methoden: Nach einem Stichprobenschlüssel wurden 1269 Serumproben aus 25 Betrieben mit 13884 Sauen mit dem Sarcoptes-ELISA 2001® (AFOSA GmbH, Luckenwalde) untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden Alter, klinische Hautveränderungen und Scheueraktivität der Sauen erfasst. Von seropositiven, zum Teil auch von klinisch auffälligen Sauen wurden Hautgeschabsel auf Milben untersucht. Es erfolgte eine Einteilung der Bestände in drei Kategorien: Kategorie 1 (als räudefrei geltende Betriebe ohne Einsatz von Antiektoparasitika seit mind. 18 Monaten); Kategorie 2 (Betriebe mit regelmäßiger Ektoparasitenbehandlung, unterteilt in 2a: reproduktionsgebundene und 2b: bestandsweise Therapie); Kategorie 3 (Betriebe mit sporadischer Ektoparasitenbekämpfung). Ergebnisse: Die sechs Betriebe aus Kategorie 1 (4× ohne, 2× mit je einer seropositiven Probe) wurden als räudeunverdächtig eingestuft. In Beständen der Kategorien 2a und 2b schwankten die Prävalenzen positiv getesteter Tiere zwischen 1,7 und 25,4%. Bei fünf dieser Bestände konnte eine Milbeninfektion mittels Hautgeschabsel nachgewiesen werden. Betriebe der Kategorie 3 waren bis auf eine Ausnahme (alle Proben negativ) serologisch als positiv einzustufen (Prävalenzen von 31–46%). Hautgeschabsel bestätigten in diesen drei Beständen eine Infektion mit Sarcoptes-Milben. Die höchsten Einzeltiter fanden sich ebenfalls in Betrieben der Kategorie 3. Insgesamt war die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Auffindens seropositiver Tiere bei Sauen mit hochgradigen Hautveränderungen und Sauen mit ≥ 6 Würfen am höchsten. Der Scheuerindex korrelierte mit der Prävalenz der Seroreagenten und mit der mittleren Titerhöhe in den Beständen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Mithilfe des Sarcoptes-ELISA 2001® ermittelte Seroprofile geben eine wertvolle diagnostische Interpretationshilfe bei der Einschätzung von Sauenherden bezüglich des Räudestatus auf Bestandsebene.
A monte carlo appraisal of plot and distance sampling for surveys of black grouse and rock ptarmigan populations in alpine protected areas

We used distance sampling to assess density and the detectability of male black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) and rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) in 2 protected areas of the Italian Alps. Our sampling effort was not sufficient to provide reliable inference for monitoring projects. Therefore, we used our field results to structure a simulation study to compare the performance of plot-based and distance sampling estimators of density. These 2 methods have different assumptions: plot sampling assumes a perfect detection of animals within the surveyed plots, whereas distance sampling assumes a decrease in detectability as the distance between observer and animal increases. The density and the detectability conditions adopted in the simulation were designed to be similar to those observed in our 2 studies, whereas the spatial patterns presumed for the simulated populations described a wide range of possible scenarios. Sampling points were allocated according to both random and stratified distributions. Simulation results showed that plot sampling underestimated density with bias invariably greater than 30% and confidence intervals with coverage lower than the nominal level of 95%. Conversely, distance sampling estimators provided bias levels invariably smaller than those obtained using plot sampling and bootstrap confidence intervals with empirical coverage near to or greater than 95%. Based on our simulations, the distance sampling estimator was superior to the plot sampling estimator for these grouse species on our study areas in terms of precision and accuracy and the stratified allocation was superior to the random allocation. However, distance sampling would be very costly to implement. Based on our simulations, 4–5 points per km2 would be necessary to achieve reliable estimates of density and density changes. If distance sampling cannot be completed at this intensity, other sampling methods should be adopted. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Effect of Playful Balancing Training - A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

We used the modular playware in the form of modular interactive tiles for playful training of community-dwelling elderly with balancing problem. During short-term play on the modular interactive tiles, the elderly were playing physical, interactive games that were challenging their dynamic balance, agility, endurance, and sensor-motoric reaction. A population of 12 elderly (average age: 79) with balancing problems (DGI average score: 18.7) was randomly assigned to control group or tiles training group, and tested before and after intervention. The tiles training group had statistical significant increase in balancing performance (DGI score: 21.3) after short-term playful training with the modular interactive tiles, whereas the control group remained with a score indicating balancing problems and risk of falling (DGI score: 16.6). The small pilot randomized controlled trial suggests that the playful interaction with the modular interactive tiles has a significant effect even after a very short time of play. The average total training time to obtain the statistical significant effect amounted to just 2h45m.
Relationships between cock semen viability and the fertility of artificially inseminated South African indigenous chicken breeds

One hundred and sixty hens and 32 cocks of four different South African indigenous chicken breeds (Naked Neck (NN), Ovambo (OVB), Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) and Venda (VD) were used in this study. Reproductive performance tests as determined by the number of ejaculations per five minutes of abdominal sexual massage (5ASM) were used to select 16 high performing (HP) and 16 low performing (LP) cocks from a population of 80 cocks. Cocks with ≥2 ejaculates/60 min or ≤1 ejaculate/60 min following ASM were considered as HP or LP cocks, respectively. Semen was collected from each cock following 5ASM, evaluated for semen viability and 0.05 mL diluted semen used to inseminate five hens per breed, in each experimental group. Significant differences in ejaculation rates and semen quality and quantity were recorded in the four breeds of cocks - with the HP cocks of the PK breed producing the highest ejaculation rate (4.1 ± 0.1/60 min), ejaculate volume (0.7 ± 0.02 mL), sperm motility (92 Class Test 2 ± 0.7), percentage live sperm (88.4 ± 0.7%) and total sperm per ejaculate. Significant differences were also recorded in hen fertility and subsequent hatchability of set eggs. Semen from the HP cocks were superior to those from the LP cocks, as evidenced in most of the fertility and hatchability parameters, with PK layers producing eggs that gave the highest average egg weight (58.04 ± 0.9 g), fertility (74.3 ± 0.2%), hatchability of set eggs (84.03 ± 0.7%), percentage of normal chicks (98.1 ± 0.7%) and chick weight (37.9 ± 0.3 g). Results suggest that selection of high performing cocks following five minutes of sexual massage prior to semen collection enhances semen quality and quantity leading to significant improvement in the fertility of artificially inseminated hens.
Green Technologies and Practices: A Visual Essay

Three-quarters of business establishments during August 2011 used at least one green technology or practice to make their production processes more environmentally friendly. More than half took steps to reduce or eliminate the creation of waste materials as a result of their operations, and approximately 1 in 5 used technologies or practices to conserve natural resources such as soil, water, or wildlife. Information and educational services were among the industries with the highest incidence of green technologies and practices, with more than 4 in 5 such establishments reporting the use of at least one green technology or practice. Green technologies and practices accounted for more than half of the time workers spent at more than 850,000 jobs; this represents about 0.7 percent of total U.S. jobs and included, for example, 56,700 janitors, 22,000 landscaping and groundskeeping workers, and 13,300 automotive service technicians and mechanics. These are some of the results from the first Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Green Technologies and Practices (GTP) survey, released in June 2012. The GTP survey is a sample survey of 35,000 business establishments that collects information on the use of green technologies and practices, along with information about employment and wages for workers who spend more than half their time involved in these technologies and practices. The GTP survey uses the BLS process approach to measuring green jobs. (A separate BLS survey, the Green Goods and Services (GGS) survey, uses the output approach to measuring green jobs by collecting data on jobs that are associated with producing goods or providing services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources. Data on GGS jobs are available at www.bls. gov/ggs. ) For the purposes of the GTP survey, green technologies and practices are defined as those which make an establishment’s production processes more environmentally friendly. GTP survey respondents were asked whether they had used each of the following types of green technologies and practices during the survey reference period, the pay period that included August 12, 2011: