Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High School EFL Khmer Students’ Challenges and Solutions in Learning English Letter Writing: A Case at a Vietnamese High School

This study was conducted at Chau Thanh high school in Kien Giang province, South of Vietnam in the school year 2019-2020 to investigate the difficulties and solutions of Khmer students while learning to write English letters from English textbook Grade 10 (Tiếng Anh 10) by the Vietnamese Education and Training (MoET). This research used an integrated research method including qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative research method was used to identify Khmer students' difficulties in writing skills. The qualitative research method is used to investigate Khmer students' solutions to their problems. The process of analyzing the results in turn was to analyze the results of the two letter writings, then the questionnaire analysis and finally the interview result analysis. The results showed that Khmer students had difficulty writing skills. These difficulties related to the Khmer students’ ways of learning and teachers' teaching methods. Among these difficulties, the results indicated that most of the students participating in the study found it beneficial to understand and use English language skills and considered this to be the most important difficulty. The results also showed that Khmer students were interested and aware of the different solutions, in which they paid special attention to the teaching method of the teachers and regarded this as an effective solution. In addition, Khmer students also proposed other solutions related to the curriculum, textbooks, to name a few.
Evaluation of the hourly rainfall in the ECMWF forecasting over southwestern China

The performance of the forecasts of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts' (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) with a horizontal resolution of 0.125° is assessed through comparison with station rain‐gauge data in the warm season (May–October) in the period 2017–2018 over southwestern China. The mean state of rainfall amount, frequency and intensity, as well as the diurnal cycle of precipitation, are involved in the evaluation. The IFS can capture well the spatial distributions of rainfall amount, frequency and intensity in the gauge data, but the rainfall frequency is generally larger and the intensity is weaker in the IFS. The rainfall events of the IFS usually start and peak much earlier, and the afternoon rainfall peaks are overestimated. The discrepancy between the gauge data and the IFS is larger over the western part of southwestern China. The results indicate that the IFS forecasts show considerable uncertainty when moving to the sub‐daily scale, especially over areas with complex topography. When the IFS forecasts are applied operationally, the deviations (as revealed in this study) should be paid more attention.
Wealth Inequality in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from Household Survey and Rich Lists’ Data Combined

We study how the problem of the &#8216;missing rich&#8217;, the underrepresentation of the wealthiest in household surveys, affects wealth inequality estimates for the post&#8208;socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The survey data from the second wave of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) are joined with the data from the national rich lists for Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland and Slovakia. Pareto distribution is fitted to the joined survey and rich lists&#8217; data to impute the missing observations for the largest wealth values. We provide the first estimates of the top&#8208;corrected wealth inequality for the CEE region in 2013/2014. Despite a short period of wealth accumulation during the post&#8208;1989 market economy period, our adjustment procedure reveals that wealth inequality in the Baltic countries is comparable to that of Germany (one of the most wealth&#8208;unequal countries in Europe), while in Poland and Hungary it has reached levels observed in France or Spain. We discuss possible explanations of these findings with reference to the speed and range of privatization processes, extent of income inequality, and the role of inheritances and wealth taxes in the region.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KEDISIPLINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA KANWIL DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PERBENDAHARAAN PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

Hasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Variabel kepemimpinan, kedisiplinan, dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Variaebl kepemimpinan dan kedisipinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi pada Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan Provinsi Sulawesi Selata. Hasil test sobel menunjukan bahwa komitmen organisasi dapat memediasi pengaruh tidak langsung variable kepemimpinan dan kedisiplinan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja pegawai sebaiknya menggunakan variabel langsung karena nilai hasil pengaruh langsung kepemimpinan dan kedisiplinan terhadap kinerja pegawai lebih besar dari pengaruh langsung kepemimpinan dan kedisiplinan terhadap kinerja melalui komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel intervening dan besarnya koefisien variabel- variabel independen yang terdiri dari kepemimpinan, kedisiplinan, dan komitmen organisasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, sisanya dipengaruhi variabel lain yang tidak diteliti di dalam penelitian ini, serta Variabel yang paling dominan dalam memengaruhi kinerja pegawai adalah komitmen organisasi diantara variabel independen lainnya. Kata-kata Kunci : Kepemimpinan, Kedisiplinan dan Komitmen Organisasi dan Kinerja Pegawai .
What is Certain About Uncertainty?

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of existing measures of uncertainty, risk, and volatility, noting their conceptual distinctions. It summarizes how they are constructed, their relative advantages in usage, and their effects on financial market and economic outcomes. The measures are divided into four categories based on the construction methodology: news-based, survey-based, econometric-based, and market-based measures. While heightened uncertainty is typically associated with negative real and financial outcomes, the magnitude of these effects and the interpretation of transmission channels crucially depend on identification considerations. (JEL C83, D81, E10, E52, E60, F10, G10)
Variability and Correlation Studies on Induced Mutants of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) for Different Traits and Assessing Them Using Molecular Markers

Induced mutations are important for creating novel variabilities in marigold for different purposes. Distinct putative mutants of marigold var. Pusa Narangi Gainda generated through gamma irradiation (in vivo and in vitro), were studied for variability and correlation in M2 generation for 11 traits. The maximum heritability (h2) was noted for days to flower harvest (0.9982%). The highest positive phenotypic correlation (0.637) was noted for number of flowers per plant to the days to first flower harvest. The most positive genotypic correlation (0.915) was found for seed yield (g) to the number of flowers per plant. Furthermore, the putative mutants in M2 were assessed for their diversity using ISSR markers and the amplified DNA fragments were compared with their respective parent genotype maintained (in vivo and in vitro). Single marker regression analysis indicated that the ISSR 811 and ISSR 817 were highly efficient markers for mutant identification in marigold. On the basis of dendrogram, putative mutant No. 3 (pm3) showed the highest dissimilarity with the parent (0.58). The mutants, pm5 and pm6 were found to be similar to each other (0.65), though they were quite distinct from the parent genotype morphologically. These selected mutants were multiplied up to six generations to attain the desired level of homozygosity for their large scale field evaluation. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 28(2): 223-236, 2018 (December)
Revisiting daily age determination in juvenile anchoveta Engraulis ringens

Recent studies using otolith microstructure analysis have suggested that the duration of the juvenile stage in anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) is shorter than previously suspected, which suggests that the ages being entered into the traditional age-based stock assessment are incorrect. However, the interpretation of young pelagic fish otoliths remains problematic. To clarify the age interpretation of larval and juvenile E. ringens, newly hatched larvae were reared in a quasi-natural environment for periods of up to 103 days. The sagittal otoliths were subsequently examined and measured by international otolith experts in a double-blind workshop study. The young anchovy could be aged both accurately and precisely using otolith microstructure, after measures were taken to correct for unresolvable increments formed immediately after hatch. The presence of a fast-growth transition zone characterised by either considerable splitting or subdaily increments or both was confirmed. This study confirms the hypothesis of rapid growth and young age through the juvenile stage for anchoveta, suggesting that a critical appraisal of the annual age determinations used as the basis for anchoveta stock assessment is warranted. The otolith interpretation principles outlined in this study may apply broadly across many small pelagic fish species.
A Kalman Filter Time Series Analysis Method for InSAR

Earth orbiting satellites, such as Sentinel 1A‐B, build up an ever‐growing set of synthetic aperture radar images of the ground. This conceptually allows for real‐time monitoring of ground displacements using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), notably in tectonically active regions such as fault zones or over volcanoes. We propose a Kalman filter for InSAR time series analysis (KFTS), an efficient method to rapidly update preexisting time series of displacement with data as they are made available, with limited computational cost. KFTS solves together for the evolution of phase change with time and for a parametrized model of ground deformation. Synthetic tests of the KFTS reveal exact agreement with the equivalent weighted least squares solution and a convergence of descriptive model parameter after the assimilation of about 1 year of data. We include the impact of sudden deformation events such as earthquakes or slow slip events on the time series of displacement. First tests of the KFTS on ENVISAT data over Mt. Etna (Sicily) and Sentinel 1 data around the Chaman fault (Afghanistan, Pakistan) show precise (±0.05 mm) retrieval of phase change when data are sufficient. Otherwise, the optimized parametrized model is used to forecast phase change. Good agreement is found with classic time series analysis solution and GPS‐derived time series. Accurate estimates are conditioned to the proper parametrization of errors so that models and observations can be combined with their respective uncertainties. This new tool is freely available to process ongoing InSAR time series.
Successful Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Pre-existing Descemet Membrane Perforation - A Case Series

Aim: To analyse the outcome of Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in cases of pre-existing DM (Descemet membrane) tear. Method: 14 eyes with pre-existing perforation (4 eyes with advanced keratoconus post collagen crosslinking and post Toric implantable collamer lens explantation and 10 eyes with post healed hydrops) who underwent DALK were included. Manual layer by layer dissection by a special technique was employed. Results: Minimum follow up-1 year. All patients had good post-operative results with mean UCVA preoperative and postoperative value of 1.35±0.25 LogMAR and 0.68 ± 0.19 LogMAR respectively with ‘p’ value of 0.00001 which was significant. Mean astigmatism preoperative and postoperative was found to be 4.82±1.76D and 2.66±0.7D and ‘p’ value was significant (p=0.00042). Mean endothelial count preoperative and postoperative was 2479.18±239.42cells/cm2 and 2238.45±218.49cell/cm2 with percentage reduction of 9.6% at 1 year. Two eyes among them had postoperative double anterior chamber and two eyes had wrinkling of DM due to the advanced nature of KC. Conclusion: DALK can be successful in patients with pre-existing DM perforation if careful precautions are taken. Also layer by layer technique with a centripetal dissection is preferred in such cases to prevent intraoperative scar extension.
Natural enemies of Tuta absoluta in the Mediterranean basin, Europe and South America

ABSTRACT The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) represents a global threat to commercial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production, both in open field and greenhouse. Native to South America, it spread over the Mediterranean Basin, Europe, Africa and part of Asia in only 12 years, and currently it is reported in over 80 countries. Biological control is one of the options for its control and a large number of natural enemies has been reported in association with the pest, both in the areas of origin and of introduction. The egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum, in South America, and the mirid predators Macrolophus pygmaeus and Nesidiocoris tenuis, in Europe and the Mediterranean basin, are used as commercial biocontrol agents. Even if several natural enemies might be promising candidates for biocontrol, their potential role in quantitative pest reduction has been seldom established under practical tomato production conditions. Since climatic suitability indices predict a high probability for continued invasion by T. absoluta, mainly in China and the USA, there is an urgent need for new control options. In order to minimise the use of broad spectrum insecticides, biocontrol techniques should be considered. As tomato is produced seasonally, augmentative biocontrol seems to be the most effective control option, but pest reduction might be optimised by adding conservation biocontrol, and by combining biocontrol within IPM programmes. Here, an overview of predators and parasitoids of T. absoluta in South American and Euro-Mediterranean regions, and their biological control efficacy under laboratory, semi-field and field conditions is provided.
Framing climate change for effective communication: a systematic map

Climate change emerged as an issue of science, but its broad ranging impacts and potential mitigation strategies mean it is of significance to all people across sectors, interests, and nations. As a result, the traditional fact-centred way of communicating information about climate change is not necessarily the best strategy for engaging the full breadth of publics. In communication practice and scholarship, framing is an approach that emphasises certain attributes of an issue over others and as a consequence shapes how that issue is understood. This has led to the scholarly exploration of framing as a technique for tailoring climate change communication to engage diverse publics. Over the past two decades, research has examined a range of different frames for the communication of climate change, such as Public health, National security and Economic prosperity/development. With this literature now rapidly expanding, it is crucial to synthesise existing evidence so that future research efforts and climate communication interventions are best informed about the current knowledge-base and research gaps. This article presents this synthesis in the form of a systematic map. We systematically searched scholarly (Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature databases for English-language climate change framing literature. All articles were screened at the title/abstract and full-text level, with included articles incorporated into a Microsoft (MS) Excel database. The information extracted from the literature included bibliometric, geographical and other data pertaining to study design and the climate change frames examined. Our systematic map includes 274 articles (281 studies). The most common frames appearing in this literature base (making up about 50% of the total) were Scientific, Economic and Environmental. Other frames such as Public health, Disaster and Morality/ethics appear to be gaining more scholarly attention in recent years. Almost half of the collected studies are from the United States but there is a growing trend of studies comparing climate change frames from other countries. Climate change frames are numerous and can have different efficacies depending upon country and social-political context. Research needs to be reflexive in its approach to understand the broader impact of framing in climate change communication and should continue to employ multi-national studies and explore climate change framing effects in under-researched nations to combat bias.
Growth and yield response of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) to dates of sowing and varieties

A field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Dhadesugur in Karnataka during 2018-19 to study on “Response of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa l.) to dates of sowing and varieties”. The experimental site was medium black clay soil belonging to the order vertisol with soil pH (8.10), EC (0.65 dS m-1), available nitrogen (244.60 kg ha-1), P2O5 (37.50 kg ha-1) and K2O (336.3 kg ha-1). The experiment comprised of five dates of sowing viz., D1: 2nd Fortnight of June, D2: 1st Fortnight of July, D3: 2nd Fortnight of July, D4: 1st Fortnight of August and D5: 2nd Fortnight of August and four varieties viz., V1: GGV- 05- 01, V2: RNR-15048, V3: BPT-5204 and V4: GNV-10-89. These treatments were laid out in split plot design with three replications. Data on growth and yield of each crop was recorded and statistically analyzed. The experimental results revealed that, 2nd fortnight of June is the best time of sowing for different parameters such as number of tillers per square meter (404.3), plant height (90.0 cm), leaf area index (1.74), total dry matter production (40.0 g), days to 50 per cent flowering (91.6 days), days to maturity (131.4 days), number of grains per panicle (273.8), panicle length (22.9 cm), 1000 grain weight (17.4 g), number of panicles per square meter (275.7), panicle weight (3.4 g), grain yield (6272 kg ha-1) and straw yield (7516 kg ha-1), whereas sowing on 2nd fortnight of August has given the lowest value for all the studied traits. GGV-05-01 rice variety surpassed other varieties for all the studied characters.
Palaeoenvironmental and taphonomic biases in palynological assemblages preserved in amber versus sediments from the Umarsar Lignite, Kutch Basin, Gujarat, India

ABSTRACT Indian Eocene amber, like other dammar-type fossil resins, has a unique feature where inclusions are easily extracted with organic solvents. This allows for a comparison of palynological assemblages embedded in the amber with those in associated sediments. Pollen assemblages extracted from the amber are rich with diverse angiosperm flora dominated by Liliacidites sp. , Palmidites elongatus, Palmidites naviculus, Monocolpopollenites sp. , Proxapertites cursus, Proxapertites sp. , Albertipollenites crassireticulatus, Polybrevicolporites cephalus and Dipterocarpuspollenites retipilatus. Besides, pteridophyte spores, bryophytes, algal and a variety of fungal. In the associated sediments, mainly represented by clays carbonaceous shales and lignite, pollens are less diverse and poorly represented (nearly 23%). Palynological assemblages were recorded in both amber and in the sediment samples, but the palynological assemblage extracted from the amber is more diverse and better preserved. Resin, on the amber-producing trees, was able to intercept pollen from the full forest column from the canopy to the upper canopy to the soil to a taphonomic bias in comparison to sediment-derived palynological assemblages. The exceptionally well-preserved and diverse amber flora exhibits a tropical humid moist environment and shows the existence of Palm and Dipterocarpaceae-dominated deciduous forest (including herbs and shrubs) along with other mixed angiospermic, pteridophytic and bryophytic vegetation, growing near the seashore.
Prospective Study of Holter Monitoring in Pediatric Patients at Sohag University Hospital

Background: To estimate the various indications, values and misuses of Holter monitoring in the diagnosis and management of pediatric patients. Methods: The study was a prospective observational study, carried out at Pediatric Arrhythmia Clinic and at PICU of Sohag University Hospital over two years from 09/2017 to 09/2019. It encountered 80 pediatric patients (34 females), their age ranged from 29 days to 15 years with mean age of 6.18 years. All patients were subjected to echocardiography, 12 leads ECG and holter monitoring for 24 hours. Minimum, mean, maximum heart rate, rhythms and corrected QT were evaluated. Indications of Holter examination, its abnormalities were analyzed, also its positive diagnosis and management were defined. Results: Palpitations and syncopy were the main indications for holter examination 22 (27.50%) patients for each, abnormal examination in 17 (21.25%), chest pain in 13 patients (16.25%) and cardiomyopathy (7.5%) (one with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and five with Dilated Cardiomyopathy). There were 50 (62.50%) patients had abnormalities in Holter recordings. The highest contribution to diagnosis was in cardiomyopathy (83.3%) where the most common abnormalities were ventricular tachycardia (50%) and ventricular premature beats in (33.3%). An abnormal ECG was significantly associated with a higher diagnostic yield (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The most important indications for Holter monitoring include palpitations, syncope, abnormal physical exam findings, chest pain, and cardiomyopathy. Holter monitoring is an extremely important tool in the assessment of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. HM detects serious arrhythmias to identify patients who are at increased risk for subsequent morbid events. The abnormal ECG findings were associated with having an abnormal Holter, therefore Holter monitoring can be used to help select which patients should get this screening tool especially in low budget programs countries.
Recent advances in the study of Arctic submarine permafrost

Submarine permafrost is perennially cryotic earth material that lies offshore. Most submarine permafrost is relict terrestrial permafrost beneath the Arctic shelf seas, was inundated after the last glaciation, and has been warming and thawing ever since. As a reservoir and confining layer for gas hydrates, it has the potential to release greenhouse gasses and impact coastal infrastructure, but its distribution and rate of thaw are poorly constrained by observational data. Lengthening summers, reduced sea ice extent and increased solar heating will increase water temperatures and thaw rates. Observations of gas release from the East Siberian shelf and high methane concentrations in the water column and air above it have been attributed to flowpaths created in thawing permafrost. In this context, it is important to understand the distribution and state of submarine permafrost and how they are changing. We assemble recent and historical drilling data on regional submarine permafrost degradation rates and review recent studies that use modelling, geophysical mapping and geomorphology to characterize submarine permafrost. Implications for submarine permafrost thawing are discussed within the context of methane cycling in the Arctic Ocean and global climate change.