Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representing Paths in Graph Database Pattern Matching

Modern graph database query languages such as GQL, SQL/PGQ, and their academic predecessor G-Core promote paths to first-class citizens in the sense that paths that match regular path queries can be returned to the user. This brings a number of challenges in terms of efficiency, caused by the fact that graphs can have a huge amount of paths between a given node pair. We introduce the concept of path multiset representations (PMRs), which can represent multisets of paths in an exponentially succinct manner. After exploring fundamental problems such as minimization and equivalence testing of PMRs, we explore how their use can lead to significant time and space savings when executing query plans. We show that, from a computational complexity point of view, PMRs seem especially well-suited for representing results of regular path queries and extensions thereof involving counting, random sampling, unions, and joins.
Sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 testing rates: spatiotemporal patterns and impact of test accessibility in Sweden

Abstract Background Diagnostic testing is essential for disease surveillance and test–trace–isolate efforts. We aimed to investigate if residential area sociodemographic characteristics and test accessibility were associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing rates. Methods We included 426 224 patient-initiated COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction tests from Uppsala County in Sweden from 24 June 2020 to 9 February 2022. Using Poisson regression analyses, we investigated if postal code area Care Need Index (CNI; median 1.0, IQR 0.8–1.4), a composite measure of sociodemographic factors used in Sweden to allocate primary healthcare resources, was associated with COVID-19 daily testing rates after adjustments for community transmission. We assessed if the distance to testing station influenced testing, and performed a difference-in-difference-analysis of a new testing station targeting a disadvantaged neighbourhood. Results We observed that CNI, i.e. primary healthcare need, was negatively associated with COVID-19 testing rates in inhabitants 5–69 years. More pronounced differences were noted across younger age groups and in Uppsala City, with test rate ratios in children (5–14 years) ranging from 0.56 (95% CI 0.47–0.67) to 0.87 (95% CI 0.80–0.93) across three pandemic waves. Longer distance to the nearest testing station was linked to lower testing rates, e.g. every additional 10 km was associated with a 10–18% decrease in inhabitants 15–29 years in Uppsala County. The opening of the targeted testing station was associated with increased testing, including twice as high testing rates in individuals aged 70–105, supporting an intervention effect. Conclusions Ensuring accessible testing across all residential areas constitutes a promising tool to decrease inequalities in testing.
Between-School Ability Tracking and Ethnic Segregation in Secondary Schooling

Abstract:Between-school ability tracking—the assignment of students to different school types based on their prior achievement—is usually associated with increased ethnic segregation across schools. This article argues that stronger between-school ability tracking is not only associated with stronger ethnic sorting into school types, thus increasing segregation. At the same time, it hampers majority flight, majority members' avoidance of exposure to minority members, thus decreasing segregation. To identify the two-fold effect of tracking the article exploits a unique feature of the German secondary school system: regional variation in the strength of between-school ability tracking. Analyses rely on administrative data entailing geocoded information on all secondary schools in Germany in 2008/2009. Results corroborate expectations of a two-fold effect: there is indication that between-school ability tracking increases segregation via more sorting into tracks while at the same time decreasing it via less school sorting within each track and via less spatial sorting. This suggests that school reforms changing tracked school systems into more comprehensive school systems may have a weaker desegregating impact than expected.
MODEL MISSPECIFICATION AND ENDOGENOUS ON-SITE SAMPLING IN THE TRAVEL COST METHOD

When gathering data for a single-site travel cost method using on-site sampling surveys, the correct econometric model of trips to the site should account for truncation and endogenous stratification. This paper explores the biases that occur if one estimates conventional models, such as Poisson and negative binomial, ignoring truncation or/and stratification. We conduct three sets of simulations by artificially generating observations on trips using the covariates from a study of beach recreation at Lake Erie (Haab and McConnell, 2003). Preliminary evidence reveals that estimation of models for on-site samples is complex, can be computationally burdensome, and can result in large biases. However, we also find that in some cases, relatively simple models perform well, even though they do not
Pan-African events in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, and their implications for East Gondwana tectonics

Abstract Decompression, anatexis and the clockwise granulite-grade P-T evolution of high-grade rocks of Prydz Bay reflect late collisional extension that occurred c. 530 Ma in the Prydz Belt. Rapid cooling of the mid-crust high-grade terranes of the Prydz Belt was achieved during c. 517-486 Ma by tectonically driven exhumation along dextral ductile shear zones in which late tectonic partialmelt bodies were emplaced. Instead of a model of polyphase metamorphism and deformation for the basement-and-cover sequences in Prydz Bay, we apply an accretionary one, i.e. an accretionary wedge with allochthonous blocks, to interpret the tectonic history in the Late Neoproterozoic of the Prydz Belt. SHRIMP U-Pb dates and Nd isotopic data available for both Prydz Bay and the Grove Mountains are used to explain amalgamation of the high-grade terranes in the Prydz Belt. This demonstrates that the assembly of the East Antarctic Craton was completed in the Pan-African event, and the East Antarctic Craton is a Pan-African-age collage rather than a keystone of East Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic.
Learning and Earning : Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in India

This paper estimates the short-and-medium-run effects of participating in a subsidized vocational training program aimed at improving labor market outcomes of women residing in low-income households in a developing country. We combine preintervention data with two rounds of post-intervention data from a field experiment to quantify the short-and-medium-run effects of the program. In the short-run, we find that program participants are significantly more likely to be employed, work additional hours, and earn more. These short-run impact estimates are all sustained in the medium-run. We also identify credit constraints, local access, and lack of proper child care support as important barriers to program participation and completion. We are able to rule out two alternative mechanisms – signalling and change in behavior that can drive these findings. Finally, a simple cost-benefit analysis suggests that the program is highly cost effective.
Spatial variability of frontal area index and its relationship with urban heat island intensity

In densely urbanized regions, the local climate is greatly influenced by the urban morphology, including interactions between buildings, space, and human activities. The Kowloon Peninsula in Hong Kong, with some of the greatest urban population densities in the world, represents an extreme case of the influence of the built environment on climate, with high-rise buildings, narrow street canyons, and little green space. In this study, the building frontal area index (FAI), a parameter for estimating aerodynamic resistance of the urban surface as a predictor of wind ventilation, was derived from a three-dimensional building database. The relationship between FAI and urban heat island intensity (UHII) from an Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite image was calculated at different scales. The highest correlation (r = 0.574, n = 4900) was obtained at 100 m resolution, which suggests that the optimum operational scale of FAI is 100 m resolution for the study area, i.e. the scale and size at which FAI impacts on the urban climate. The presence/trend of any higher correlation at different resolutions was tested using the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test, and the results show that the statistic Z-value generated from the test is smaller than the hypothesis significance levels of 90%, 95%, and 99%; thus, the hypothesis of having a higher correlation at any scale other than 100 m resolution is rejected. Planning authorities may use the FAI generated at 100 m resolution for designing wind ventilation corridors across Hong Kong at this scale, especially when temperature and air quality in the inner city are of major concern. However, for applications to other cities with different standard morphologies, the FAI–UHII relationship should be re-evaluated.
Identification of a Novel c-Myc Inhibitor 7594-0037 by Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Investigation of Its Anti-Cancer Effect on Multiple Myeloma

oncoprotein overall Methods: We identified a potential c-Myc inhibitor 7594–0037 by structure-based virtual screening from the ChemDiv database. CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect MM cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis. Q-PCR and Western blot were used to measure corresponding mRNA and protein expression levels. Protein stability assay measured the stability of c-Myc. Results: Compound 7594–0037 exhibited stronger anti-proliferative activity against MM cells, and induced MM cell cycle G2 phase arrest and apoptosis. More importantly, compound 7594–0037 overcame myeloma resistance to bortezomib and exhibited a synergistic effect with bortezomib, resulting in increased MM cell death. The mechanism consists of compound 7594–0037 facilitating c-Myc protein degradation via decreasing the c-Myc S62 phosphorylation levels mediated by PIM1 kinase. Molecular dynamics simulation with the c-Myc/7594-0037 complex showed that compound 7594–0037 bound tightly to the N-terminus of c-Myc, and blocked the binding interaction of the two termini of c-Myc, which resulted in c-Myc entering into an unstable state. Conclusion: Overall, our study provides preliminary data for compound 7594–0037, which can be used as a novel c-Myc inhibitor and is a potential candidate therapeutic drug for multiple myeloma.
FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS Y AGENTES DEPORTIVOS EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND SPORT AGENTS

The present review aims at investigating the scientific production with respect to the link between executive functions (EF) and sport agents (athletes, players, coaches, umpires). For that purpose, a series of searches were carried out on WoS that yielded 703 references. Upon a screening process following the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 94 papers were used to complete a bibliometric analysis together with a scoping review. Some underlying themes were detected, namely, domain-general vs domain-specific EF tests in sport, EF and type of sport, talent detection, EF and sport-specific skills, EF and position on the field/court, expert/elite paradigm and EF, EF and other sport agents and high-performance athletes with disabilities and the role of EF. In light of results, more longitudinal studies are required to confirm their value in athlete´s development, albeit the consensus with regard to their importance. Recent studies indicate the lack of predictive value of EF in talent detection. Likewise, there some indicators that point out to their role in open-skills, strategic sports as well as in the difference found between athletes and non-athletes and experts versus amateurs. In addition, domain-specific tasks are required to assess EF with both ecological and construct validity and EF should also be used to test other sport agents, such as coaches and referees/umpires.
Sustainability of sand dune restoration along the coast of the Tyrrhenian sea

This study reports the results of restoration management on sand dune environments along the coastal belt of the Castelporziano nature reserve (Rome, Italy) and the subsequent monitoring phases to test the sustainability of the ‘soft techniques’ applied. In the area concerned, over a length of ca. 3 km, 40 dunes were built up along with three belts located at <40 m, 40–70 m, and >70 m, respectively, from the shoreline. On each of 38 dunes 20 individuals ofAmmophila littoralis were planted; this species is one of the local autochthonous species considered particularly suitable for stabilizing sand dunes. After one year, two years and five years, respectively the changes in height and surface of each dune, the survival rates ofA. littoralis, and its changes in cover, the appearance of new shoots and the establishment of new species were observed. A progressive increase in species number, which five years after the restoration amounted to about 60% of those characterizing the natural dunes, was reported indicating a progressive trend towards populations similar to natural ones. In the colonization of new species there is a prevalence of theSporobolus-Elymetum farcti and theSalsolo Kali-Cakiletum maritimae association, while the species established successively refer to theEchinophoro spinosae-Ammophiletum arundinaceae association and theCrucianellion maritimae alliance as occurring in natural successions.This succession runs parallel to the natural dune colonization processes. In particular, the data regarding survival, cover and number of vegetative shoots indicate that the dune belt between 40 and 70 m from the sea is the one most suitable for restoration.Some changes in dune morphology was observed: the height of the artificial dunes tended to decrease considerably in the five years of observation, whereas a progressive increase in their surface area was observed. During the study period.A littoralis favoured the establishment of new species, but as yet exercises no action on increasing dune height.
Paper-based survivorship care plans may be less helpful for cancer patients who search for disease-related information on the internet

Background: The Institute of Medicine recommends Survivorship Care Plans (SCPs) for all cancer survivors. However, it is unclear whether certain patient groups may or may not benefit from SCPs. Objective: The aim was to assess whether the effects of an automatically generated paper SCP on patients’ satisfaction with information provision and care, illness perceptions, and health care utilization were moderated by disease-related Internet use. Methods: Twelve hospitals were randomized to either SCP care or usual care in the pragmatic cluster randomized Registrationsystem Oncological GYnecology (ROGY) Care trial. Newly diagnosed endometrial cancer patients completed questionnaires after diagnosis (N=221; response: 74.7%, 221/296), 6 months
A contribution to the petrogenesis of Osomo and Calbuco volcanoes, Southern Andes (41°00'-41°30'S): comparative study

RESUMEN. Contribucion a la petrogenesis de los volcanes Osorno y Calbuco, Andes del Sur (41°00'-41°30'S): estudio comparativo. Los volcanes Osorno y Calbuco, ubicados respectivamente en las latitudes 41°05'S y 41°20'S de la region sur de la Zona Volcanica Sur de los Andes (ZVSS; 37°-46°S), son estratovolcanes mixtos, de edad pleistocena tardia a reciente y de composicion diferente. El volcan Osorno, al igual que la mayoria de los volcanes de la ZVSS, es predominantemente basaltico, en cambio el Cal buco es andesitico. A diferencia del Osorno, el volcan Cal buco aparentemente no esta ubicado en un lineamiento regional y su basamento exhibe niveles mas profundos de erosion. Al contrario de las lavas del Osorno, las del Calbuco tienen razones isotopicas de Sr mas elevadas, de Nd mas bajas, contenidos de AI2O3 mas elevados y de K2O mas bajos y presentan razones entre elementos incompatibles heterogeneas. Sin embargo, los basaltos del Osorno son semejantes a las andesitas del Calbuco en la abundancia de tierras raras. Observaciones de terreno, petrograficas y geoquimicas sugieren que la composicion andesitica del volcan Calbuco es el resultado de una contaminacion de magmas basalticos subcorticales con magmas generados a nivel cortical. El contaminante cortical de los magmas del Calbuco seria un liquido generado por fusion de anfibolita o de esquisto pelitico. A presiones mas bajas, los magmas hibridos del Calbuco evolucionaron por fraccionamiento de olivino y clinopiroxeno. A pesar de que la plagioclasa es el fenocristal mas abundante en ambos centros volcanicos, las lavas del Cal buco no presentan evidencias geoquimicas claras de fraccionamiento de plagioclasa.
On the Computational Efficiency of Adapting Transformer Models via Adversarial Training

Pretraining Transformer-based language models followed by adapting the pre-1 trained models to a downstream task is an effective transfer mechanism in NLP. 2 While it is well-known that the pretraining stage is computationally expensive, even 3 the adaptation starts to become time-consuming for many downstream tasks as 4 Transformers grow in size rapidly. Prior work focuses on reducing the pretraining 5 wall-clock time via increasing the batch size to obtain higher training throughput 6 on multiple processors. However, few studies have explored how such a scheme 7 may benefit the adaptation phase. On the other hand, adversarial training has 8 shown improved generalization for adapting Transformer models on many NLP 9 tasks, but it is often treated as a separate line of research, where its effectiveness
Fumagillin Attenuates Spinal Angiogenesis, Neuroin�ammation, and Pain in Neuropathic Rats After Chronic Constriction Injury

Angiogenesis in the central nervous system is visible in animal models of neuroin�ammation and bone cancer pain. However, whether spinal angiogenesis exists and contributes to central sensitization in neuropathic pain remains unclear. This study analyzed the impact of angiogenesis on spinal neuroin�ammation in neuropathic pain. Rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) to sciatic nerve underwent implantation of an intrathecal catheter. Fumagillin or vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody (anti-VEGF-A) was administered intrathecally. Nociceptive behaviors, cytokine immunoassay, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis assessed the effect of angiogenesis inhibition on CCI-induced neuropathic pain. and consequently suppress proin�ammatory cytokine production. The present study showed that, during a 28-day observation period, CCI generated neuroin�ammation and an elevated production of the proin�ammatory cytokines IL-1β from POD 7 to 28, IL-6 from POD 14 to 21, and TNFα from POD 7 to 21 in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord. The increased levels persisted for the longest for IL-1β, for an intermediary time for TNF-α, and for the shortest time for IL-6. Therefore, we propose that TNF-α and IL-6 play a role in developing CCI-induced neuroin�ammation, while IL-1β is involved in its development and CCI did not affect the anti-in�ammatory cytokine IL-10. Fumagillin markedly abolished the CCI-induced increase of TNF-α and IL-6 production but did not affect IL-1β production. Interestingly, it signi�cantly increased IL-10 synthesis in the ipsilateral spinal cord. Therefore, intrathecal administration of fumagillin for 14 days displaced the dysregulation of cytokine homeostasis from the proin�ammatory signaling induced by CCI to an anti-in�ammatory context by increasing IL-10 and reducing TNF-α and IL-6 production. Astrocyte immunoreactivity increased in the ipsilateral SCDH after CCI; fumagillin it. These �ndings suggest that astrocytes a major source CCI-induced cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, in the ipsilateral spinal cord. the anti-in�ammatory inhibiting astrocyte activation TNF-α and DRG: EAE: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; GFAP: Glial �brillary acidic antibody; IL: Interleukin; i.t. : Intrathecal; MetAP2: Methionine aminopeptidase type 2; MPE: Maximal possible effect; NF: Neuro�bromatosis; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; POD: Postoperative day; PWL: Paw withdrawal latency; PWT: Paw withdrawal threshold; SCDH: Dorsal horn of the spinal cord; SEM: Standard error of mean; 99m Tc: Technetium-99m; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR: VEGF receptor; vWF: von Willebrand factor
Measurements of sensible and latent heat flux in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean

Micrometeorological measurements, including direct eddy-correlation measurements of heat and moisture fluxes, have been made from shipboard under light-wind conditions in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. Air-sea temperature differences were typically 1.5°–2°C, that is, 1°–1.5°C larger than long-term averages from merchant ship data. A sea surface “cool skin” of about 0.3°C was observed. Bulk transfer coefficients for both fluxes agree well with the predictions of Liu et al. (1979) in the convective wind speed regime below 4 m s−1. Between 4 and 6 m s−1 values of the neutral exchange coefficients were CEN - 0.89 × 10−3; CHN = 1.03 × 10−3; CDN = 1.16 × 10−3. At zero mean wind speed, latent heat flux is maintained at about 25 W m−2 by convective exchange. Inertial dissipation estimates of the latent heat flux are about 20% lower than the directly measured eddy-correlation values below 4 m s−1.
Lingua francas as lexical donors: Evidence from Daghestan

Abstract:This article looks at the correlation between the use of a langugage as L2 and the amount of lexical material borrowed from it. Our data come from the highlands of Daghestan. By matching loanword counts with data on multilingualism, the study quantitatively supports the suggestion that lexical borrowing from a lingua franca is more intense than from other languages in a multilingual repertoire (Brown 1996, 2011). Brown hypothesizes that the importance of lingua francas as lexical donors is linked to a high rate of bilingualism. In our data, knowledge of languages other than the lingua franca was high at some locations but did not lead to substantial borrowing. We discuss the social conditions of a lingua franca that make it a likely donor. Among other factors, a lingua franca might not be as strongly associated with an ethnic identity as languages that are used only in communicating with L1 speakers of that language, and lexical borrowing from it does not threaten anyone's identity (cf. Epps 2018, Vaughan 2019).
Systematic revision of the middle and late devonian brachiopods Schizophoria (Schizophoria) and ‘Schuchertella’ from North America

Synopsis Schizophoria and ’Schuchertella’, two common genera of Devonian brachiopods from North America, are systematically revised based on cladistic analysis. Several Early Devonian schizo‐phoriid species are placed within S. (Eoschuchertella), while all other North American Devonian and Mississippian species studied are placed within S. (Schizophoria). Schizophoria meeki Fenton & Fenton is synonymised with S. macfarlanii Meek. Ancestral forms of Schizophoria (Schizophoria) were present in Europe and the Appalachian basin and inhabited outer platform environments through the Frasnian. Several independent lineages of S. (Schizophoria) persisted through the Late Devonian biodiversity crisis and subsequently colonised nearshore environments. Most cladogenetic events within North American species of S. (Schizophoria) occurred via dispersal mechanisms, while vicariant speciation was rare. Cladistic analysis of North American species assigned to ’Schuchertella’ revealed that all species through the Frasnian b.