Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A unified flow approach to smooth, even
Lp-Minkowski problems

We study long-time existence and asymptotic behaviour for a class of anisotropic, expanding curvature flows. For this we adapt new curvature estimates, which were developed by Guan, Ren and Wang to treat some stationary prescribed curvature problems. As an application we give a unified flow approach to the existence of smooth, even $L_p$-Minkowski problems in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ for $p>-n-1. $
A global minimization algorithm for Tikhonov functionals with sparsity constraints

In this paper, we present a globally convergent algorithm for the computation of a minimizer of the Tikhonov functional with sparsity promoting penalty term for nonlinear forward operators in Banach space. The dual TIGRA method uses a gradient descent iteration in the dual space at decreasing values of the regularization parameter , where the approximation obtained with serves as the starting value for the dual iteration with parameter . With the discrepancy principle as a global stopping rule, the method further yields an automatic parameter choice. We prove convergence of the algorithm under suitable step-size selection and stopping rules and illustrate our theoretic results with numerical experiments for the nonlinear autoconvolution problem.
Further Investigation of Laminar Flow in Channels with Porous Walls

The problem of two‐dimensional steady‐state laminar flow in channels with porous walls has been extended to the case of moderate to high suction or injection velocity at the walls. An exact solution of the Navier‐Stokes equations, reduced to a third‐order nonlinear differential equation with appropriate boundary conditions, is obtained. The velocity components, the pressure, and the coefficient of wall friction are expressed as functions of velocity through the porous walls, the average axial velocity of Poiseuille's flow, the coordinates and dimensions of the channel, and the physical properties of the fluid.
Dolbeault dga of a formal neighborhood

Inspired by a work of Kapranov, we define the notion of Dolbeault complex of the formal neighborhood of a closed embedding of complex manifolds. This construction allows us to study coherent sheaves over the formal neighborhood via complex analytic approach, as in the case of usual complex manifolds and their Dolbeault complexes. Moreover, our the Dolbeault complex as a differential graded algebra can be associated with a dg-category according to Block. We show this dg-category is a dg-enhancement of the bounded derived category over the formal neighborhood under the assumption that the submanifold is compact. This generalizes a similar result of Block in the case of usual complex manifolds.
The psychosocial responses of patients in cancer clinical trials: are they a barrier to participation?

Abstract Introduction: This paper aims to discuss the psychosocial concomitants with involvement in oncology clinical trials, focusing on barriers that can impact upon participation. It will conclude with some recommendations for strategies to address potential psychosocial barriers with the aim of increasing trial participation rates. Materials and methods: A literature search was carried out using CINAHL, PubMed and EMCare databases with the following keywords for filtering: psychological distress, clinical trials, participation and oncology. The final selection of papers that met the inclusion criteria for this review was manually subjected to Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for relevance. Results: Thirteen papers were included in the review. The dominant theme within the literature is psychosocial obstacles to oncology clinical trial participation. Five key barriers were identified: anxiety and fear; ethnicity and social background; tensions between scientific objectives and personal motivations to participation; tensions between personal benefits versus altruism; carer perspectives. Conclusions: The key barriers discussed led to the identification of a set of strategies to help mediate conflicting tensions and motivations of trial enrolment with a view to increasing participation rates. Further prospective research garnering primary data investigating both the psychological and psychosocial factors influencing cancer clinical trial participation for patients needs to be undertaken.
Observations of pumping and vortex dynamics due to a cylinder oscillating normal to a plane wall

Abstract Understanding the fluid dynamics associated with a circular cylinder oscillating normal to a plane wall is important for safe design of offshore infrastructure, such as power cables and pipeline risers. This paper investigates the fluid dynamics of an oscillating cylinder with no imposed incident current experimentally using flow visualisation and force measurements where the ratio of the cylinder Reynolds number ($Re$) to Keulegan–Carpenter number ($KC$) is $\beta =500$ and $KC$ varies between 2 and 12. The minimum distance between the cylinder and wall was between 12.5 % and $50\,\%$ of the diameter. Across this parameter space three primary vortex flow regimes were observed: (i) for $KC\leq 5$, the flow field is approximately symmetric about the cylinder centreline and the velocity field between the cylinder and the wall resembled a pumping flow in phase with cylinder motion, which is well predicted by potential theory for most of the cycle; (ii) for $5< KC<8$, the flow field is increasingly asymmetric but with frequent switching of the side associated with vortex shedding; and (iii) for $KC\geq 8$, the flow field is consistently asymmetric due to vortex shedding. The in-line force increases when the cylinder is near the wall due to dynamic pressures associated with pumping. This increase can be estimated using potential theory superimposed onto the force time history for an isolated cylinder at the same $KC$ and $Re$. This study complements recent numerical modelling focused on low Reynolds number conditions and provides important insights into the fluid mechanics associated with trenching beneath cable and pipeline risers.
L2 -homology and reciprocity for right-angled Coxeter groups

Let W be a Coxeter group and let μ be an inner product on the group algebra RW . We say that μ is admissible if it satisfies the axioms for a Hilbert algebra structure. Any such inner product gives rise to a von Neumann algebra Nμ containing RW . Using these algebras and the corresponding von Neumann dimensions we define LμBetti numbers and an Lμ-Euler charactersitic for W . We show that if the Davis complex for W is a generalized homology manifold, then these Betti numbers satisfy a version of Poincaré duality. For arbitrary Coxeter groups, finding interesting admissible products is difficult; however, if W is right-angled, there are many. We exploit this fact by showing that when W is right-angled, there exists an admissible inner product μ such that the Lμ-Euler characteristic is 1/W (t) where W (t) is the growth series corresponding to a certain normal form for W . We then show that a reciprocity formula for this growth series that was recently discovered by the second author is a consequence of Poincaré duality.
When More is More: Do Non-Restricted Goals Benefit Employers and the Environment Too?

Abstract Prior research on goal self-concordance (GSC) and goal attainment (GA) has studied these dimensions as transversal sections through a person’s life domains. Blending the recent developments in self-determination theory and pro-environmental behavior literature, the current study introduced the concept of non-restricted goals and explored whether work climate (WCQ) and environmental identity (EID) impact GA and, through it, in-role job performance (IRB), organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and wellbeing, as well as organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBE). It also explored GSC along with basic psychological needs’ satisfaction (BPNS) and GA, as explanatory mechanisms. The study relied on data collected at two different moments in time, with a retained sample of 201 employees from different organizations. Results confirmed that WCQ and EID are relevant antecedents for IRB, OCB and wellbeing, as well as OCBE. Except for the direct relationship between EID and OCB/OCBE, most of these impacts were indirect, through BPNS, GSC or GA. The current study did not find a significant relationship between GSC and GA, adding to the line of mixed results regarding their relationship. The findings inform pro-environmental interventions in the workplace, as well as human resource management practices that foster employee wellbeing, work-life balance, and job performance.
Every flat surface is Birkhoff and Oseledets generic in almost every direction

We prove that the Birkhoff pointwise ergodic theorem and the Oseledets multiplicative ergodic theorem hold for every flat surface in almost every direction. The proofs rely on the strong law of large numbers, and on recent rigidity results for the action of the upper triangular subgroup of SL(2,R) on the moduli space of flat surfaces. Most of the results also use a theorem about continuity of splittings of the Kontsevich-Zorich cocycle recently proved by S. Filip.
Discrete variational principles and Hamilton-Jacobi theory for mechanical systems and optimal control problems

In this paper we present a general framework that allows one to study discretization of certain dynamical systems. This generalizes earlier work on discretization of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems on tangent bundles and cotangent bundles respectively. In particular we show how to obtain a large class of discrete algorithms using this geometric approach. We give new geometric insight into the Newmark model for example and we give a direct discrete formulation of the Hamilton-Jacobi method. Moreover we extend these ideas to deriving a discrete version of the maximum principle for smooth optimal control problems. We define discrete variational principles that are the discrete counterpart of known variational principles. For dynamical systems, we introduce principles of critical action on both the tangent bundle and the cotangent bundle. These two principles are equivalent and allow one to recover most of the classical symplectic algorithms. We also identify a class of coordinate transformations that leave the variational principles presented in this paper invariant and develop a discrete Hamilton-Jacobi theory. This theory allows us to show that the energy error in the (symplectic) integration of a dynamical system is invariant under discrete canonical transformations. Finally, for optimal control problems we develop a discrete maximum principle that yields discrete necessary conditions for optimality. These conditions are in agreement with the usual conditions obtained from Pontryagin maximum principle. We illustrate our approach with an example of a sub-Riemannian optimal control.
Which Digital Tools dominate Secondary and Higher Education in Economics: Google, Microsoft or Zoom?

Abstract Background: Due to the Covid 19 pandemic, in many countries, higher, secondary and even primary education experienced the unannounced shift from traditional classroom lessons to distance teaching using different technologies. Objectives: The main objective of the research was to identify the most important digital tools applied by educators and students during the pandemic and evaluate their satisfaction with applying these tools in four countries; Croatia, Germany, Poland and Serbia. Methods/Approach: The questionnaires were sent via emails to educators and distributed through the classes to students using digital teaching platforms or emails. The answers were analysed by descriptive statistics. Results: Research showed that Google tools most commonly used by students and educators are; YouTube, Gmail, Google Translate, Google Maps and Google Drive. Microsoft digital tools most commonly used by educators and students in observed countries are; Word, PowerPoint and Excel. Other digital tools most commonly used by educators are Zoom and Moodle, while students mostly use Zoom and Kahoot. Moreover, this paper identifies the main reasons for educators’ insufficient use of digital tools. Conclusions: Google, Microsoft and Zoom dominate their specific domains: Google for networks, Microsoft for documents, and Zoom for online meetings.
UGC 12591 - The most rapidly rotating disk galaxy

Les observations a 21 cm et les observations optiques de la galaxie SO/Sa UGC 12591, montrent qu'elle possede la plus grande vitesse de rotation actuellement connue pour une galaxie disque. A 500 kms −1 , elle depasse d'environ 30% les plus grandes valeurs mesurees. Le profil a 21 cm presente probablement aussi une raie d'absorption pres de la vitesse de la galaxie
Do the broad emission lines in Arp 102B arise in a relativistic disk

It is been proposed by Chen et al. (1989) that the asymmetric double-peaked emission-line profiles observed in Arp 102B arise in a relativistic disk. Here, new data are presented showing that at least at some epochs the long-wavelength side of the line profile is higher than the short-wavelength side, contrary to what is expected from a relativistic disk in which the approaching side of the disk is brighter because of Doppler boosting. Moreover, the two peaks do not vary together in flux as expected if the emission-line variability is attributable to changes in the flux from the central continuum source. It is concluded that an axisymmetric relativistic disk cannot explain the salient features of the line profiles in Arp 102B. 16 refs.
BST-1 as a serum protein biomarker involved in neutrophil infiltration in schizophrenia

Abstract Objectives Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness. The serum protein biomarkers of schizophrenia were explored using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology. The underlying function of the identified protein biomarker was also investigated. Methods We first collected serum samples from 12 schizophrenia patients and 12 healthy control (HC) subjects, followed by global screening with iTRAQ and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total, 691 serum proteins were detected and eight proteins, including ZYX, OSCAR, TPM4, SDPR, BST1, ARGHDB, ITIH5 and SH3BGRL3, were selected for further specific validation with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the serum samples from 52 schizophrenia patients and 50 HC subjects. Results Schizophrenia patients had significantly lower serum level of BST1 and higher ITIH5 level than the HC subjects did. Using the levels of BST1, ITIH5 and OSCAR combined with machine learning algorithm, we developed a prediction model of schizophrenia with an auROC value 0.78. Moreover, in vitro cell assay confirmed that BST1 significantly repressed neutrophil infiltration through endothelial layer, highlighted the anti-inflammation nature of BST1. Conclusions Four novel protein markers (BST1, ITIH5, SDPR, and OSCAR) of schizophrenia were identified, and BST-1 could serve as a serum protein biomarker involved in neutrophil infiltration in schizophrenia.
Almost commuting elements in compact Lie groups

Introduction Almost commuting $N$-tuples Some characterizations of groups of type $A$ $c$-pairs Commuting triples Some results on diagram automorphisms and associated root systems The fixed subgroup of an automorphism $C$-triples The tori $\overline{S}(k)$ and $\overline{S}^{w_c}(\overline{\bf g}, k)$ and their Weyl groups The Chern-Simons invariant The case when $\langle C\rangle$ is not cyclic Bibliography Diagrams and tables.
Textbooks and Course Materials: A Holistic 5-Step Selection Process

Abstract Selecting course reading materials is not necessarily an easy process. This article discusses selection concerns such as cost, inclusivity and options ranging from traditional textbooks to course packs. A review of literature finds extensive information about adoption of OER materials. Additionally, articles referring to difficulties in course readings are explored, including literacy level and inclusivity. While the literature does not offer a holistic process for instructors, several aspects are described. Based on an analysis of the literature, this paper outlines a process defining five steps that provide instructors with a comprehensive guide for selecting textbooks or other course materials that support learning.
Nonlinear PDE aspects of the tt* equations of Cecotti and Vafa

Using nonlinear pde techniques, we construct a new family of globally smooth tt* structures. This includes tt* structures associated to the (orbifold) quantum cohomology of a finite number of complex projective spaces and weighted projective spaces. The existence of such "magical solutions" of the tt* equations, namely smooth solutions characterized by asymptotic boundary conditions, was predicted by Cecotti and Vafa. In our situation, the tt* equations belong to a class of equations which we call the tt*-Toda lattice. Solutions of the tt*-Toda lattice are harmonic maps which have dual interpretations as Frobenius structures or variations of (semi-infinite) Hodge structures.
Effect of the oxidation process on the electrical characteristics of 4H–SiC p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors

We fabricated inversion-type 4H–SiC p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). The electrical properties of the p-channel MOSFETs depended on the gate oxidation process. We found that wet oxidation process was effective for improving the channel mobility of the p-channel MOSFET, and obtained the field-effect channel mobility μFE of 15.6cm2∕Vs by using that process. Measurements of the p-type MOS capacitors implied that the SiO2∕SiC interface states around the valence band affected the channel mobility and threshold voltage of the p-channel MOSFETs. We also investigated temperature dependences.
OpenFold: Retraining AlphaFold2 yields new insights into its learning mechanisms and capacity for generalization

AlphaFold2 revolutionized structural biology with the ability to predict protein structures with exceptionally high accuracy. Its implementation, however, lacks the code and data required to train new models. These are necessary to (i) tackle new tasks, like protein-ligand complex structure prediction, (ii) investigate the process by which the model learns, which remains poorly understood, and (iii) assess the model’s generalization capacity to unseen regions of fold space. Here we report OpenFold, a fast, memory-efficient, and trainable implementation of AlphaFold2. We train OpenFold from scratch, fully matching the accuracy of AlphaFold2. Having established parity, we assess OpenFold’s capacity to generalize across fold space by retraining it using carefully designed datasets. We find that OpenFold is remarkably robust at generalizing despite extreme reductions in training set size and diversity, including near-complete elisions of classes of secondary structure elements. By analyzing intermediate structures produced by OpenFold during training, we also gain surprising insights into the manner in which the model learns to fold proteins, discovering that spatial dimensions are learned sequentially. Taken together, our studies demonstrate the power and utility of OpenFold, which we believe will prove to be a crucial new resource for the protein modeling community.
Appetitive cue exposure increases neural reward responses without modulating temporal discounting

When given a choice, humans and many animals prefer smaller but sooner over larger but later rewards, a tendency referred to as temporal discounting. Alterations in devaluation of future rewards have been reported in a range of maladaptive behaviors and clinical conditions. Although temporal discounting is highly stable over time and testing environments (e.g., laboratory vs. virtual reality), it is partly under contextual control. For example, highly appetitive cues such as erotic images might increase preferences for immediate rewards, although overall evidence remains mixed. Dopaminergic circuit activity and striatal dopamine concentrations are often assumed to drive increases in temporal discounting following appetitive cue-exposure, yet this was never explicitly tested. Here we examined cue-reactivity effects (erotic vs. neutral pictures) on subsequent temporal discounting in a pre-registered within-subjects study in healthy male participants (n=38). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) assessed neural cue-reactivity, value-computations and choice-related effects. Preregistered analyses replicated previous findings of value coding in ventromedial prefrontal cortices, striatum and cingulate cortex. Likewise, as hypothesized, lateral prefrontal cortex activity increased during choices of delayed rewards, potentially reflecting cognitive control. As predicted, erotic vs. neutral cue exposure was associated with increased activity in attention and reward circuits. Contrary to our preregistered hypotheses, temporal discounting was largely unaffected by cue exposure. Likewise, cue-reactivity in key areas of the dopaminergic reward circuit (Nacc, VTA) was not significantly associated with changes in behavior. Our results indicate that behavioral effects of erotic cue exposure on temporal discounting might not be as unequivocal as previously thought and raise doubt on the hypothesis of an upregulated dopaminergic ramping mechanism, that might support myopic approach behavior towards immediate rewards.
Soil metatranscriptomics: An improved RNA extraction method toward functional analysis using nanopore direct RNA sequencing

Soil microbes play an undeniable role in sustainable agriculture, plant health, and soil management. A deeper understanding of soil microbial composition and function has been gained through next-generation sequencing. While soil metagenomics has provided valuable information about microbial diversity, issues stemming from RNA extraction, low RNA abundance in some microbial populations (e.g., viruses), and mRNA enrichment have slowed the progress of soil metatranscriptomics. A variety of soil RNA extraction methods have been developed so far. Yet none of the available protocols can obtain RNA with high quality, purity, and yield for third-generation sequencing. This latter requires RNA with high quality and large quantities (with no or low contamination, such as humic acids). Also, use of commercial kits for in-batch soil RNA extraction is quite expensive, and these commercial kits lack buffer composition details, which prevents the optimization of protocols for different soil types. An improved and cost-effective method for extracting RNAs from mineral and organic soils is presented in this paper. An acidic sodium acetate buffer and phosphate buffer with modifications to bead-beating and nucleic acid precipitation lead to higher RNA yields and quality. Using this method, we obtained almost DNA-free RNA. By using nanopore’s direct RNA sequencing, the extracted contamination-free RNAs were successfully sequenced. Lastly, taxonomic groups such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses were classified and profiled as well as functional annotation of the datasets was carried out using an in-house customized bioinformatics workflow.