Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Devonian Pearls and Ammonoid-Endoparasite Co-Evolution

Raised shell projections on the inner shell walls that form pits on the internal moulds of Devonian ammonoids have been known for several decades. New specimens from Morocco reveal novel details of these structures; most, if not all, of which consist of a capsule of ammonoid shell that covers tiny tubes attached to the outer (= lateral or ventral) shell wall from the inside. In accordance with comparable Recent occurrences of similar structures in molluscs, we use the term “pearls” for these structures and the pits they form on the internal moulds. The nature of these encapsulated tubes is described and discussed. Because of the presence of these tubes inside the pearls, pearl arrangement, and their similarity to Recent mollusc occurrences, the tubes are interpreted as traces of parasitoses. The pearls and pits were grouped into five types based on differences in morphology, size, and arrangement. Then, having used these traits to perform a simple cladistic analysis, the resulting cladogram was compared to the phylogeny of ammonoids. Based on this comparison, it appears likely that the parasites underwent a co-evolution with the ammonoids, which lasted 10 to 15 Ma. Patterns of evolutionary events include co-speciation, “drowning on arrival” (end of parasite lineage near base of a new host clade), and “missing the boat” (parasite lineage does not adapt to a new host clade, thus not evolving a new parasite clade). Because of the lack of fossilised soft tissue, only speculations can be made about the systematic affiliation of the parasites, their life-cycle, infection strategy, and ecological framework. Some co-occurring bivalves also have pits reminiscent to structures caused by trematodes in Recent forms. Based on the available information, the tubes are interpreted as artefacts of trematode infestations, which, if correct, would extend the fossil record of parasitic trematodes into the Early Devonian.
A refined solution to the first terrestrial Pb-isotope paradox

The first terrestrial Pb-isotope paradox refers to the fact that on average, rocks from the Earth's surface (i.e. the accessible Earth) plot significantly to the right of the meteorite isochron in a common Pb-isotope diagram. The Earth as a whole, however, should plot close to the meteorite isochron, implying the existence of at least one terrestrial reservoir that plots to the left of the meteorite isochron. The core and the lower continental crust are the two candidates that have been widely discussed in the past. Here we propose that subducted oceanic crust and associated continental sediment stored as garnetite slabs in the mantle Transition Zone or mid-lower mantle are an additional potential reservoir that requires consideration. We present evidence from the literature that indicates that neither the core nor the lower crust contains sufficient unradiogenic Pb to balance the accessible Earth. Of all mantle magmas, only rare alkaline melts plot significantly to the left of the meteorite isochron. We interpret these melts to be derived from the missing mantle reservoir that plots to the left of the meteorite isochron but, significantly, above the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-source mantle evolution line. Our solution to the paradox predicts the bulk silicate Earth to be more radiogenic in Pb-207/Pb-204 than present-day MORB-source mantle, which opens the possibility that undegassed primitive mantle might be the source of certain ocean island basalts (OIB). Further implications for mantle dynamics and oceanic magmatism are discussed based on a previously justified proposal that lamproites and associated rocks could derive from the Transition Zone.
Community and Collaboration in a Shared Multi-space Office

Open and shared work environments such as activity-based offices, multi-space offices and coworking spaces have become more popular in recent years. This paper reports the results of a qualitative case study of community and collaboration in a multi-space office shared by six publicly owned companies in Finland. Using interviews (n = 29) and participant observation, the study examines how collaboration and community are understood in the six companies, and how they change during an intervention process. We argue that even though a sense of community, collaboration and synergies are expected to arise from sharing an office space, they do not necessarily emerge spontaneously without effort on the part of management.
Subsurface North Atlantic warming as a trigger of rapid cooling events: evidence from the early Pleistocene (MIS 31–19)

Abstract. Subsurface water column dynamics in the subpolar North Atlantic were reconstructed in order to improve the understanding of the cause of abrupt ice-rafted detritus (IRD) events during cold periods of the early Pleistocene. We used paired Mg / Ca and δ18O measurements of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral – sin.), deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera, to estimate the subsurface temperatures and seawater δ18O from a sediment core from Gardar Drift, in the subpolar North Atlantic. Carbon isotopes of benthic and planktonic foraminifera from the same site provide information about the ventilation and water column nutrient gradient. Mg / Ca-based temperatures and seawater δ18O suggest increased subsurface temperatures and salinities during ice-rafting, likely due to northward subsurface transport of subtropical waters during periods of weaker Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Planktonic carbon isotopes support this suggestion, showing coincident increased subsurface ventilation during deposition of IRD. Subsurface accumulation of warm waters would have resulted in basal warming and break-up of ice-shelves, leading to massive iceberg discharges in the North Atlantic. The release of heat stored at the subsurface to the atmosphere would have helped to restart the AMOC. This mechanism is in agreement with modelling and proxy studies that observe a subsurface warming in the North Atlantic in response to AMOC slowdown during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3.
Direct and inverse spin-orbit torques

In collinear magnets lacking inversion symmetry application of electric currents induces torques on the magnetization and conversely magnetization dynamics induces electric currents. The two effects, which both rely on spin-orbit interaction (SOI), are reciprocal to each other and denoted direct spin-orbit torque (SOT) and inverse spin-orbit torque (ISOT), respectively. We derive expressions for SOT and ISOT within the Kubo linear response formalism. We show that expressions suitable for density-functional theory calculations can be derived either starting from a Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian with time-dependent exchange field or by expressing general susceptibilities in terms of the Kohn-Sham susceptibilities. For the case of magnetic bilayer systems we derive the general form of the ISOT current induced under ferromagnetic resonance. Using \textit{ab initio} calculations within density-functional theory we investigate SOT and ISOT in Co/Pt(111) magnetic bilayers. We determine the spatial distribution of spin and charge currents as well as torques in order to expose the mechanisms underlying SOT and ISOT and to highlight their reciprocity on the microscopic level. We find that the spin Hall effect is position-dependent close to interfaces.
Artificial Magnetic Bacteria: Living Magnets at Room Temperature

Biogenic magnetite is a fascinating example of how nature can generate functional magnetic nanostructures. Inspired by the magnetic bacteria, an attempt is made to mimic their magnetic properties, rather than their structures, to create living magnets at room temperature. The non‐magnetic probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus fermentum and Bifidobacteria breve are used as bioplatforms to densely arrange superparamagnetic nanoparticles on their external surfaces, thus obtaining the artificial magnetic bacteria. Magnetic probiotic bacteria can be produced by using superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles assembled at their surfaces. They present a collective ferromagnetic phase at room temperature. The blocking temperature of these maghemite nanoparticles increases more than 100 K when assembled at the artificial magnetic bacteria.
Corporate governance and dividend policy in Southeast Asia pre- and post-crisis

The relationship between dividends and corporate governance in five East Asian countries over the period 1994–2003, comparing the outcome and substitute models, is investigated. Evidence of a pre-crisis negative relationship between dividends and governance indicates that dividends act as a substitute for other corporate governance mechanisms during this exuberant period. A strong positive relationship between governance and dividends emerges post-crisis, consistent with substantial improvements in governance empowering shareholders. The relationship is incremental to the effect of the legal regime, confirming that shareholder protection at the firm level is important to forcing firms to disgorge cash in an outcome model of dividends.
Mobile app-based Remote Patient Monitoring in Acute Medical Conditions: A Prospective Feasibility Study Exploring Digital Health Solutions on Clinical Workload during the COVID Crisis.

BACKGROUND Digital remote patient monitoring (RPM) can add value to virtual wards; this has become more apparent in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare providers are overwhelmed resulting in clinical teams spread more thinly. We aim to assess the impact of the introduction of an app-based RPM (Huma Therapeutics) on a clinician's workload in the context of a COVID-19 specific virtual ward. OBJECTIVE This prospective feasibility study aims to evaluate the health economic effect (in terms of clinical workload) a mobile app has on a telephone based virtual ward in the monitoring of COVID-19 patients clinically ready for discharge from hospital. METHODS A prospective feasibility study was carried out over one month where clinician workload was monitored, and full time equivalents (FTE) savings equated. An NHS hospital repurposed a telephone-based respiratory virtual ward for COVID-19. Amber status (NHS definition) COVID-19 patients were monitored for 14 days post-discharge to help identify deteriorating patients earlier. A smartphone-based app was introduced to monitor data points submitted by the patients with telephone calls used for communication. A comparison of clinical workload between those monitored by telephone only (Cohort 1) with those monitored via mobile app and telephone (Cohort 2) was undertaken. RESULTS 56 patients were enrolled in the app-based virtual ward (Cohort 2). Digital RPM reduced the number of phone calls from a mean total of 9 to 4 over monitoring period. There was no change in the mean duration of phone calls (8.5minutes), and no reports of readmissions or mortality. This equates to a mean saving of 47.60 working hours. This translates to 3.30 fewer FTEs (raw phone call data), resulting in 1.1 fewer FTEs required to monitor 100 patients when adjusted for time spent reviewing app data. Individual clinicians were averaging 10.9 minutes per day. CONCLUSIONS Smartphone-based RPM technologies may offer tangible reductions in clinician workload at a time of severe service strain. In this small pilot, we demonstrate the economic and operational impact digital RPM technology can have in improving working efficiency and reducing operational costs. Whilst this particular RPM solution was deployed for the COVID-19 pandemic, it may set a precedent for wider utilisation of digital RPM solutions in other clinical scenarios where increased care delivery efficiency is sought.
Brief psychological intervention for depression : an ERP study

Brief psychological intervention for depression – An ERP study Author: Hanna Vanhatalo Supervisor: Piia Astikainen Master’s thesis in psychology University of Jyvaskyla October 2009 33 pages Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) is an event-related potential (ERP) component, which occurs when there is a change in visual environment. Previous studies have suggested that vMMN is elicited to several stimulus types, also to facial expressions. N170 is a widely studied ERP component which is typical in facial recognition. The purpose of this study was to find out if there was a vMMN in detecting neutral, happy and fearful expressions among non-depressed and depressed subjects. In addition, the effects of short psychological intervention to depressed subjects were examined. The oddball paradigm was used. The subjects watched pictures of neutral, happy and fearful facial expressions with changing identities. The probability for neutral expressions, i.e. standard stimulus, was 0.8 and for happy and fearful expressions, i.e. deviant stimuli, was 0.1 for both. The visual mismatch negativity was assumed to be elicited to changes in expressions. The depressed group also got a psychological intervention which included four therapy sessions with the means of acceptance and commitment therapy. The healthy, non-depressed control group consisted of 17 subjects. The depressed subjects were divided into two different groups, experimental and waiting list control groups. Both experimental and waiting list control group consisted of 23 subjects. The experimental group got the intervention immediately and waiting list control group after the first group. The event-related potentials were recorded using 14 electrodes placed to their skull, according to international 10-20 system. The EEG measurement was done once to non-depressed group, twice to experimental group and three times to waiting list control group. The vMMN elicited differently in non-depressed and in depressed group. It was found out that among nondepressed group, the vMMN elicits in consequence of happy expressions at P8 and fearful expressions at P7 and P8. In depressed group, there were no such effects. Happy expressions elicited larger responses at P8 than at P7 in the non-depressed group. In depressed group the responses were eliciting bilaterally, as well as the fearful expressions in both groups. The treatment effects were examined and it appeared that the responses to happy expressions diminished in experimental group after intervention. The same effect was not found in waiting list control group which had not received the intervention yet. When the experimental and waiting list control group were combined, the significant effects were found at P7 in fearful expressions. The results support the previous findings which have suggested that clinical states affect visual preattentive processing.
Factors Affecting Differential Underestimates of Bird Collision Fatalities at Electric Lines: A Case Study in the Canary Islands

Carcass counts notably underestimate avian collision rates due to three main bias sources: imperfect detection, carcass removal by scavengers and carcass dispersion in unsearched areas. We assessed these sources of bias at electric lines of two Canary Islands, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, quantifying the factors influencing them. We also carried out a cost-effectiveness assessment of carcass search done perpendicularly to electric line axis. We surveyed 230km of three types of electric lines (high-voltage, medium voltage and telephone lines) during three periods (July 2015, November-December 2015 and March 2016) searching for collision fatalities (N = 431), recording the species, the carcass distance from the electric line, mean cable height, carcass detection distance and decomposition state. In addition, we carried out a disappearance rate experiment to estimate carcass removal by scavengers. A generalised least squares model was used to analyse dispersion distance of carcass from electric lines, in relation to species body mass, mean cable height and line typology. Detection probability functions were fitted to estimate carcass detectability, incorporating body mass, decomposition state and habitat structure as covariates. A Generalised Mixed-Effects model was carried out to analyse carcass disappearance in relation to time elapsed since carcass placement, carcass size, season and island. Dispersion distance decreased with body mass and increased with cable height, being further at high-voltage lines. Overall, detection probability was 0.134, increasing with carcass size, decreasing with decomposition state and being lower in rocky areas which offered a significant challenge when walking through rough terrain. Disappearance rates differed between islands probably due to differences in avian scavenger abundance, increased with time elapsed and decreased with bird size. This study provides correction factors to obtain unbiased estimates of avian mortality rates within sparsely vegetated landscapes. Moreover, it identifies a 27m threshold distance at which the cost-effectiveness of searching for carcasses is optimised. —Gomez-Catasus, J., Carrascal, L.M. , Moraleda, V. , Colsa, J., Garces, F. & Schuster, C. (2021). Factors affecting differential underestimates of bird collision fatalities at electric lines: a case study in the Canary Islands. Ardeola, 68: 71-94.
Transfer and typological proximity in the context of second language processing

In this article, the issue of cross-linguistic influence in second language acquisition is examined from a processing perspective. Applying Processability Theory as the theoretical framework we claim that second language (L2) learners can only produce forms they are able to process. We thus argue that the first language (L1) influence on the L2 is developmentally moderated. Data were collected from German L2 learners with Swedish as their L1. Twenty informants participated in the study, 10 in their first year of German (13 years of age) and 10 in their second year of German (14 years of age). Both languages involved are typologically very close but not mutually intelligible. The results show that Swedish learners of German do not transfer the verb-second structure from their L1 to the L2 even though this structure is identical in both languages.Instead they start out with canonical word order and subsequently produce an intermediate structure (adv NPsubj V X), which is ungrammatical in the L1 and the L2. These observations support the idea of a developmentally moderated transfer. The results clearly contradict the predictions from the ‘full transfer/full access’ hypothesis (Schwartz and Sprouse, 1994; 1996).
Why Do Firms Forecast Earnings for Multiple Years Simultaneously?

By issuing earnings forecasts for both current and future years simultaneously, managers provide the multi-year data required for many valuation models and help investors sort out transitory and permanent shocks. We find that firms that are overpriced and have more transitory earnings tend to issue multi-year forecasts simultaneously. Overpriced firms are more likely to issue both short- and long-term bad news than only short-term bad news forecasts. Mis-pricing tends to be corrected after firms’ multi-year forecasts, especially when overpriced firms issue both long- and short-term bad news forecasts. We also find a more linear current period earnings–return relation when firms issue multi-year forecasts, which suggests that investors under-react less to extreme news because the future year forecasts embed earnings persistence information.
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage After COVID-19 Infection

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 virus infection leads to a severe and dysbalanced inflammatory response with hypercytokinemia and immunodepression. Systemic inflammation due to viral infections can potentially cause vascular damage including disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and alterations in coagulation system that may also lead to cardiovascular and neurovascular events. Here, we report the first case of COVID-19 infection leading to aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Case DescriptionA 61-year-old woman presented with dyspnea, cough and fever. She was over weight with Body mass-index of 34 and history of hypertension. No history of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the family. She was admitted in ICU due to low oxygen saturation (89%). A chest CT showed typical picture of COVID-19 pneumonia. Oropharyngeal swab with a PCR-based testing was COVID-19 positive. She was prescribed with favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine in Addition to oxygen support. On second day she experienced sudden headache and losst conciousness. A computer tomography (CT) with CT-angiography revealed subarachnoid haemorrhage in basal cisterns from a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. The aneurysm was clipped microsurgically through a standard pterional approach and the patient was admitted again to intensive care unit for further intensive medical treatment. Post-operative the patient showed slight motor dysphasia. No other neurological deficits.ConclusionAneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage secondary to COVID-19 infection might be triggered by systemic inflammation. COVID-19 infection could be one of the risk factors leading to instability and rupture of intracranial aneurysm.
Corporate Visioning and Organizational Transformation in Selected Deposit Money Banks in Enugu State, Nigeria

(HD) motorcycle, by pursuing a vision that excited its customers and employees, by putting vision at the heart of its strategy process thus creating the momentum needed to overcome the limitations of the past, was able to regenerate itself to win back market share and re-established itself as one of the United State of America’s most dynamic corporations (Finkenstein et al ., 2008). Abstract: The broad objective of the study was to examine the effect of corporate visioning on organisational transformation in selected deposit money banks in Enugu State, Nigeria.The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Population of the study was 1043 staff of the selected deposit money banks; out of which a sample size of 281 staff were determined using Krejcie and Morgan statistical formulae.A total of 281 copies of the questionnaire were distributed, out of which 231 copies were correctly filled and returned; thus, 231 copies (respondents) were used for the study. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire while secondary data were sourced from journals, books and internet. The primary instrument for data collection was designed on a 5-point Likert scale in line with the objectives of the study. The hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression analyses at 5% probability level of significance. Findings revealed that: Shared vision significantly affects organisational competitive advantage of deposit money banks positively; Visionary leadership has a significant positive effect on operations of deposit money banks and Vision statement significantly improves organisational commitment to long term survival in the Deposit money banks. The study concluded that corporate visioning has a significant relationship and effect on organisational transformation. The study recommended that deposit money banks should adequately share their visions to their employees, have clear vision statement and install visionary leaders who consistently improve their operations and achieve competitive advantage in the market place.
A Multi-Body System Approach to the Simulation of Flexible Membrane Airfoils

This paper outlines a simulation of flexible membrane wings using a multi-body system approach. The simulation is geared towards application within the world of kites, parachutes and parasails with an inflated tubular support structure. The simulation divides the chord of the airfoil up into hinged elements. On the nodes between these elements, aerodynamic forces are introduced. The aerodynamic forces on the airfoil are a function of angle of attack, airfoil thickness and airfoil camber. The simulation is set-up as part of a toolbox within MSC ADAMS so that new models can be generated quickly. This simulation is basically a building block to build more complicated configurations. The two dimensional model is compared to existing wind tunnel data of a similar sail wing. A comparison of a three dimensional wing is done using data obtained from a photogrammetry measurement on a full-scale inflatable sail wing in a wind tunnel.