Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vowel Raising Without a Trigger: pretonic mid-vowels in the Northwest of São Paulo State

Received on: 08/15/2019 Accepted on: 10/02/2020 Abstract: This paper investigates the variable phonetic and phonological phenomenon of vowel raising of pretonic mid-vowels in medial context in the variety spoken in the Northwest of São Paulo State, e.g. m[i]lhor (‘better’/‘best’) and c[u]lega (‘mate’). This work focuses on vowel raising without a trigger, i.e., that cannot be explained by vowel harmony, triggered by a high vowel in the following syllable, e.g. m[i]nino (‘boy’) and g[u]rdu ra (‘fat’). Therefore, this research advances in relation to the studies of Silveira (2008), Carmo (2009, 2013, 2014, 2018) and Carmo and Tenani (2013) concerning vowel raising of medial pretonic mid-vowels in the same variety. Following the theoretical and methodological framework of Linguistic Variation and Change Theory (LABOV, 2008), 38 interviews with spontaneous speech samples taken from the IBORUNA database, a result of ALIP project (GONÇALVES, 2007, IBILCE/ UNESP – FAPESP 03/08058), were analyzed. The quantitative analysis of the data, through the utilization of the statistical package Goldvarb X, demonstrates that vowel raising is not very productive in this variety, with rates of 5% and 10.3% for /e/ and /o/, respectively. In general, it occurs in paradigms of certain lexical items, which corroborates the hypothesis of lexical diffusion in order to explain the process (BISOL, 2009).
AFLUID April 47/4

Tanemoto, Masayuki, Carlos G. Vanoye, Ke Dong, Richard Welch, Takaaki Abe, Steven C. Hebert, and Jason Z. Xu. —Rat homolog of sulfonylurea receptor 2B determines glibenclamide sensitivity of ROMK2 in Xenopus laevis oocyte. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 278: F659–F666, 2000. —Recent studies showed that coexpression of Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 with the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1, SUR2A, or SUR2B) reconstituted an inwardly rectifying, ATP-sensitive K1 channel that was inhibited by glibenclamide (2, 15–17). Here we report the isolation of a rat homolog of mouse SUR2B (denoted rSUR2B) from a rat kidney cDNA library. The rSUR2B sequence contains a 4,635-bp open reading frame that encodes a 1,545-amino acid polypeptide, showing 67% shared identity with SUR1 (a pancreatic b-cell isoform) and 98% with both SUR2A (a brain isoform) and SUR2B (a vascular smooth muscle isoform). Consistent with the predicted structures of other members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, the sequence of rSUR2B contains 17 putative membrane-spanning segments. Also, predicted Walker A and B consensus binding motifs, present in other ABC members, are conserved in the rSUR2B sequence. RT-PCR revealed that rSUR2B is widely expressed in various rat tissues including brain, colon, heart, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, and spleen. The intrarenal distribution of the rSUR2B transcript was investigated using RT-PCR and Southern blot of microdissected tubules. The rSUR2B transcript was detected in proximal tubule, cortical thick ascending limb, distal collecting tubule, cortical collecting duct, and outer medullary collecting duct, but not medullary thick ascending limb. This distal distribution overlaps with that of ROMK. Coexpression of rSUR2B with ROMK2 cRNA (in 1:10 ratio) in Xenopus laevis oocytes resulted in whole cell Ba21-sensitive K1 currents that were inhibited by glibenclamide (50% inhibition with 0.2 mM glibenclamide). In contrast, rSUR2B did not confer significant glibenclamide sensitivity to oocytes coinjected with ROMK1 or ROMK3. The interaction between ROMK2 and rSUR2B was further studied by coimmunoprecipitation of in vitro translated rSUR2B and ROMK2. In agreement with the functional data, the rSUR2B protein was coimmunoprecipitated with ROMK2 in the ROMK2-rSUR2B cotranslated samples. Our data demonstrate that ROMK2, but not ROMK1 and ROMK3, can interact with rSUR2B to confer a sulfonylurea-sensitive K1 channel, implicating SUR proteins in forming and regulating renal ATP-sensitive K1 channels. The ROMK isoform specificity of glibenclamide effects suggests that the NH2 terminus of the ROMK protein mediates rSUR2B-ROMK2 interactions.
Socialization Tactics: Antecedents for Goal Interdependence and Newcomer Adjustment and Retention

This study argues that Deutsch’s theory of goal interdependence is useful to examine the dynamics of serial and investiture tactics on newcomer adjustment and retention in work team contexts. Structural equation results of interviews of specific incidents collected from one hundred and two newcomers support the hypothesized model that serial and investiture tactics used by teams promote cooperative goal interdependence and weaken competitive goal interdependence and independent goal relationship between newcomers and their teams. Cooperative goals were also found to promote positive attitudes and strong co-worker relationships whereas competitive and independent goals resulted in intentions to quit and low levels of organizational commitment and job satisfaction.
Why I Chose to Become a Mathematics Teacher?

One of the major decisions individuals make in their life is their choice of profession. This article presents a unique study of 60 mathematics teachers who disclose their motivations for choosing to teach mathematics. It shows that their main reasons are the intrinsic challenge in learning and teaching mathematics, their desire to impart knowledge to students and influence the next generation, their desire to be an educational figure, and their sense of purpose and mission. The teachers filled out a questionnaire with statements in categories based on findings in the literature, which were then analyzed on the basis of gender, seniority, and type of school (elementary/post-elementary). The results suggest that women were more apt than men to be motivated by the desire to impart learning strategies to students, the desire to be an educational figure, and out of a sense of purpose and mission; veteran teachers were more motivated than novice by their love of mathematics and their desire to influence their student’s personal development; and elementary school teachers were attracted to the profession because the degree required is not difficult to achieve and because students respect mathematics and therefore it is easy to teach it, whereas post-elementary teachers were attracted to the structure of the work week which is suitable for raising children. While there are many studies in the literature pertaining to why an individual may choose the teaching profession in general, there are hardly any studies that focus on teaching mathematics in particular.
Measurement of the Top Quark Mass from √ s = 7 TeV ATLAS Data using a 3-dimensional Template Fit The ATLAS Collaboration

The top quark mass has been measured using the template method in the channel tt̄ → lepton+jets (lepton=e, μ) based on ATLAS data recorded in the year 2011. The data were taken at a proton-proton centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 7 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 4.7 fb−1. This analysis uses a 3-dimensional template technique which determines the top quark mass together with a global jet energy scale factor (JSF), and a relative b-jet to light-jet energy scale factor (bJSF), where light jets refers to u, d, c, s quark jets. The top quark mass is measured to be: mtop = 172.31 ± 0.23 (stat) ± 0.27 (JSF) ± 0.67 (bJSF) ± 1.35 (syst) GeV or mtop = 172.31 ± 0.75 (stat + JSF + bJSF) ± 1.35 (syst) GeV, where the uncertainties labelled JSF and bJSF refer to the statistical uncertainties on mtop induced by the in-situ determination of these scale factors. c © Copyright 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration. Reproduction of this article or parts of it is allowed as specified in the CC-BY-3.0 license.
AREGU Apr. 45/4

Challet, Etienne, Susan Losee-Olson, and Fred W. Turek. Reduced glucose availability attenuates circadian responses to light in mice. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R1063–R1070, 1999. —To test whether circadian responses to light are modulated by decreased glucose availability, we analyzed photic phase resetting of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in mice exposed to four metabolic challenges: 1) blockade of glucose utilization induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), 2) fasting (food was removed for 30 h), 3) insulin administration, and 4) insulin treatment after fasting. In mice housed in constant darkness, light pulses applied during early subjective night induced phase delays of the rhythm of locomotor activity, whereas light pulses applied during late subjective night caused phase advances. There was an overall reduction of light-induced phase shifts, with a more pronounced effect for delays, in mice pretreated with 500 mg/kg ip 2-DG compared with mice injected with saline. Administration of glucose with 2-DG prevented the reduction of light-induced phase delays. Furthermore, phase delays were reduced in fed mice pretreated with 5 IU/kg sc insulin and in fasted mice injected with saline or insulin compared with control fed mice. These results show that circadian responses to light are reduced when brain glucose availability is decreased, suggesting a metabolic modulation of light-induced phase shifts.
UCLA Journal of Evolution and Health: A joint publication of the Ancestral Health Society and the Society for Evolutionary Medicine and Health

We present the scientific abstracts of the 3 rd Annual Symposium of the German Society for Paleo Nutrition ( Deutsche Gesellschaft für Paläoernährung e.V. ) which was held on July 26 th 2015 in Berlin, Germany. The focus of this year's symposium was on the future challenges of human society including topics such as nutritional sustainability, the paleo-deficit syndrome or frailty of the elderly due to body composition changes ABSTRACTS High intensity interval training (HIIT) is the new "hype" in the fitness and health industry. Even in performance training of athletes the method becomes more and more common. To delimit HIIT from “normal” interval training the limit of work time of 60 seconds (s) is chosen and the intensity is recommended to exceed 85% of the maximal effort that could be achieved during the working phase. Though not as modern as some people might think it is, the recommendations for its integration are overwhelming in the past few years. The lecture discusses the pros and cons of this training method and gives an overview about the expected effects. The training method has its origin in the endurance training domain, but there is some evidence for specific effects in the resistance training domain. Considering the effects of HIIT on obese people it seems wise to keep the exercise intensity high with relatively short work intervals (<30 s) and long rest intervals (>30 s). If the goal is the improvement of both aerobic and anaerobic fitness the work could increase in time (up to 60 s). While beginners will have adaptions with as little as two work intervals per week, advanced athletes have to perform a much higher volume. Up to three training sessions with up to 20 work intervals per session could be useful. The effects of the training type on different organic systems (heart, muscle, brain) will be debated and possibilities of integ rating HIIT in an all-around training scheme are demonstrated at the end of the lecture.
Morphometric characteristics and COI haplotype diversity of Arctodiaptomus spinosus populations in sodic ponds in Hungary

1 Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, 1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13. , Hungary 2 MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, 8237 Tihany, Klebelsberg K. u. 3. , Hungary 3 Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 ClujNapoca, Clinicilor 5-7, Romania 4 Hungarian Natural History Museum, Laboratory of Molecular Taxonomy, 1082 Budapest, Ludovika t. 2-6. , Hungary 5 Szent István University, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Regional Economics and Rural Development, Páter Károly str. 1. , H-2010 Gödöllő, Hungary
OPTH_A_353417 685..694

Purpose: Social media has become a popular source of health information for patients. This study aimed to characterize the topperforming ophthalmologic posts on a large social media platform to better understand the spread of ophthalmic information via social media. Materials and Methods: This was a web-based study that searched for ophthalmology-related posts on Instagram, with subjects being users who posted ophthalmic content. A list of 36 ophthalmology-related hashtags, including the most common diagnoses and procedures identified from the IRIS Registry, was queried. For each hashtag, data were collected for “Top 9 posts” (as ranked by Instagram’s engagement-based algorithm) at three different time points. Posts were analyzed for the poster’s background, credentials, post format, content, caption length, and engagement level. Results: Of the top-performing posts analyzed (n = 972), the most frequent post format was a photo (82.2%), followed by video (8.8%) and graphic (8.4%). Ophthalmologists (35.8%) authored the highest number of posts, followed by patients (27.1%), optometrists (20.1%), and organizations (12.7%). The highest average engagement level ratios (ELRs) belonged to ophthalmologists-in-training (0.096), followed by patients (0.084), optometrists (0.070), all ophthalmologists (0.067) and organizations (0.051); p < 0.001. The most engaging type of content was self-promotional (0.118) and personal experience-related (0.091); educational content was the least engaging (0.059) even though it comprised the majority of posts (56%); (p < 0.001). Characteristics that predicted the highest ELRs (reaching 80th percentile) were captions and/or images that featured personal experiences (3.335 OR), whitecoats (3.259), and those authored by ophthalmologist trainees (3.172); (p < 0.01). The least engaging were those featuring fundus photos (0.281), educational content (0.359), and authored by organizations (0.428); (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The majority of ophthalmologic content on Instagram is authored by non-ophthalmologists, with educational content being the least engaging. Practicing ophthalmologists have an opportunity to reach more patients through social media by incorporating specific features known to drive post engagement and reach. Precis: Social media has become a popular source of health information for patients. Our study demonstrates that the majority of ophthalmology content on Instagram is authored by nonophthalmologists, with educational content being the least engaging. Practicing ophthalmologists have an opportunity to reach a wider audience through social media by incorporating specific features known to drive post engagement and reach.
Study on Community Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Rabies in and Around Dessie City

Rabies is one of the disastrous diseases for both animal and human beings. Questionary survey was conducted in and around Dessie town from November 2013 to June 2014. A semi- structured questionnaire was administered to 139 respondents comprised of 96 from urban and 43 from peri-urban areas to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of community about rabies. The current study generally illustrate the presence of significant difference on knowledge, and practice of the respondent from urban and peri-urban areas (P<0.05). Although more than (96%) of the respondents were familiar with the disease, there is mis-perception about the cause and means of transmission of the disease. Starvation and thirst were mentioned by (49.6%) of the respondents as causes of the disease in dogs and 21.6% of them stated any type of contact (irrespective of the skin condition) with saliva of affected individual can transmit the diseases. The result also established that 124(91.9%) of the respondents were aware that human and other different species of domestic animals can be affected by rabies. However, all repsondents (100%) in peri-urban area perceived dog as the only source of infection for human being. Traditional medicine was stated as method of treatment in case of dog bite by 46% of the respondents whereas, 41.7% of respondent used post exposure vaccination. Only 35.8% of the respondent did vaccinate their dogs and level of low vaccination practice was higher in peri-urban area. Raising awareness about dog vaccination and improving access and affordability of the vaccine should be considered in control of the disease.
Degradation of glycocalyx and multiple manifestations of endothelial dysfunction coincide in the early phasefore atherosclerotic plaque development in apolipoprotein E/low‐density lipoprotein re of endothelial dysfunction beceptor‐deficient mice

Methods and Results-—Herein, we demonstrate that in 4to 8-week-old apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptordeficient mice, at the stage before development of atherosclerotic plaques, impaired acetylcholine-induced vasodilation, reduced NO production in aorta, and increased endothelial permeability were all observed; however, flow-mediated dilation in the femoral artery was fully preserved. In 4-week-old mice, glycocalyx coverage was reduced and endothelial stiffness was increased, whereas glycocalyx length was significantly decreased at 8 weeks of age. Early changes in endothelial function were also featured by increased plasma concentration of biomarkers of glycocalyx disruption (endocan), biomarkers of endothelial inflammation (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), increased vascular permeability (angiopoietin 2), and alterations in hemostasis (tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1). In 28-week-old mice, at the stage of advanced atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired NO production and nearly all other features of endothelial dysfunction were changed to a similar extent, compared with the preatherosclerotic plaque phase. The exceptions were the occurrence of acetylcholine-induced vasoconstriction in the aorta and brachiocephalic artery, impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in the femoral artery, and further reduction of glycocalyx length and coverage with a concomitant further increase in endothelial permeability.
VI. REACTIVITY OF LYMPItOCYTES FROM CONVENTIONAL AND GERMFREE RATS TO ALLOGENEIC AND XENOGENEIC CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS* BY DARCY B. WILSON,$ PH.D., AXrD

The proportion of lymphocytes present in an individual which are reactive to the major histocompatibility (H) 1 alloantigens of another member of the same species (histocompatibility antigen-reactive cells [H-ARC]) has been shown to be unusually large. Estimates derived from studies with the graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction in vivo (1-4) and with the mixed lymphocyte interaction (MLI) in vitro (5, 6) are in substantial agreement, and place this number at approximately 2-4% of the cells of the circulating lymphocyte pool. This conclusion is difficult to accept in view of the constraints of the clonal selection hypothesis and consequently, various alternatives of a general nature have been proposed to account for these findings (7, 8). These include the possibilities that the large proportion of H-ARC (a) involve a large number which are "recruited" or nonspecifically activated; (b) are multipotential, having the capacity to react to any one of a series of different antigen determinants including other H alloantigens; (c) represent the cumulative activity of a great many subpopulations of antigen-reactive lymphocytes, each present in low frequency and stimulated to proliferate by a very large number of antigenic differences which might exist between two individuals; (d) reflect the existence of a prior state of immunization in the cell donors to cross-reactive dietary and environmental antigens, or to altered surface specificities on somatic cells such as tumor-specific antigens on spontaneously arising and successfully suppressed neoplasms; (e) have a low stimulation threshold and are triggered to respond as a consequence of multivalent binding to low affinity receptor sites by antigenic determinants represented in high density on cellular membranes; or (f) represent a pool of antigen-reactive cells important in some not yet defined crucial step(s) of ontogeny and their high frequency is brought about by some unknown expansion mechanism under innate genetic control (i.e., Jerne's recent model [9]).
Dynamic Bayesian Networks to predict sequences of organ failures in patients admitted to ICU / Micol Sandri;Paola Berchialla;Ileana Baldi;Dario Gregori;Roberto

(Article begins on next page) Anyone can freely access the full text of works made available as "Open Access". Works made available under a Creative Commons license can be used according to the terms and conditions of said license. Use of all other works requires consent of the right holder (author or publisher) if not exempted from copyright protection by the applicable law. Availability: This is the author's manuscript
Corporate Governance and MNE Strategies in Emerging Markets

We explore factors of convergence and divergence in corporate governance of emerging and developed market economies, focussing on the role of firm internationalisation. In particular, foreign investments by emerging economy firms led to upgrade of their governance capabilities. These firms also became advocates for home-country policy reforms that mandated the development of similar capabilities for local firms. We present a broad overview of the literature and propose an approach that considers the evolution of corporate governance, both at the national level and the firm level, with MNEs from both emerging market economies and developed economies as active actors in this process.
Research and Development ( R & D ) Expenses and the Market Capitalization

research has been done in this area. The study subject is the examination of the relationship between capital structure and profitability of banks accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Assumptions were developed using research variables. The statistical population of the study is the banks accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Given the smallness of the study population and because the number of observations will become less than acceptable in quantitative research if sampling, the entire population is used as the sample . Library research method is used and in terms the goal it is an applied research. For analysis of the results, Pearson regression and correlation are used. Results indicate that the three leveraged variables influence on the return on Assets, but there is no statistically significant relation with