Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Simple Eye Ointment, Polyethylene Cover, and Eyelid Taping in Prevention of Ocular Surface Disorders in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background Under normal conditions, the cornea of the eye is protected from bacterial invasion, physical injury, and drying by the presence of tears, eyelids, and blinking reflex. However, patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for several reasons including loss of consciousness, receiving sedative and neuromuscular blocking agents, and mechanical ventilation may lose eye-protective mechanisms causing exposure keratopathy. Therefore, this study intended to compare three eye care methods to prevent ocular surface disorders (OSDs) in ICU patients. Methods This study was a double-blind clinical trial (IRCT: 201109225426N3, https://www.irct.ir/trial/5825), in which 152 patients were randomized into three groups and each group underwent a different eye care procedure. The eye care methods included simple eye ointment, polyethylene cover, and eyelid taping. The eligible patients received the care procedure for seven days, and their corneas were examined daily for OSD by a portable slit lamp with fluorescein staining. Descriptive and analytical tests (ANOVA, chi-square, logistic regression, and zero-inflated Poisson regression) were used for statistical analysis by STATA14. Results The odds of OSD (chances of getting an OSD grade between I and VI) in the ointment group were 0.19 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.41), and the odds of OSD in the polyethylene cover group were 0.06 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.20), showing a significant difference with the tape group (p=0.0001). Despite the lower odds of OSD in the cover group than in the ointment group, there was no significant between-group difference (p=0.08). However, the mean OSD scores in both the ointment and polyethylene cover groups were significantly lower than that in the tape group. Conclusion The results of this study showed that polyethylene cover followed by simple eye ointment and eyelid taping were the most effective methods in preventing OSD. Therefore, polyethylene cover and simple eye ointment are recommended as effective eye care methods in ICU.
Selected morpho-chemical features of hemocytes in farmed shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus in Iran

The aim of the present study was to determine various types of hemocytes, total and differential hemocyte count and to show some indices of phagocytosis, including percent phagocytosis and phagocytic index in Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus in Iranian shrimp farms. The hemolymph was extracted from the shrimps and mixed with anticoagulant. It then stained and Yeast was added as foreign particles to samples. Based on the cell size and presence of the granules and nucleocytoplasmic ratio, three major groups of hemocytes, including hyaline cells, small granular cells (SGC) and large granular cells (LGC) were identified. Hyaline cell (HC) was the smallest hemocyte. HC (hyaline cell) about was 1015%, lower quantity in comparison to some species and those of LGC and SGC were 20-25% and 60-65%, respectively, suggesting that relative percentage of differential hemocyte count in Fenneropenaeus indicus is different from other decapods. Also, in this study, it was shown that SGH and LGH could engulf the yeast particles. In Contrast to some previous studies, no engulfment was observed by hyaline cells in vitro. In this study it was showed that there are some variations in total and differential hemocyte count compare to other species in the family of Penaeidae.
Software-based energy profiling of Android apps: Simple, efficient and reliable?

Modeling the power profile of mobile applications is a crucial activity to identify the causes behind energy leaks. To this aim, researchers have proposed hardware-based tools as well as model-based and software-based techniques to approximate the actual energy profile. However, all these solutions present their own advantages and disadvantages. Hardware-based tools are highly precise, but at the same time their use is bound to the acquisition of costly hardware components. Model-based tools require the calibration of parameters needed to correctly create a model on a specific hardware device. Software-based approaches do not need any hardware components, but they rely on battery measurements and, thus, they are hardware-assisted. These tools are cheaper and easier to use than hardware-based tools, but they are believed to be less precise. In this paper, we take a deeper look at the pros and cons of software-based solutions investigating to what extent their measurements depart from hardware-based solutions. To this aim, we propose a software-based tool named PETRA that we compare with the hardware-based MONSOON toolkit on 54 Android apps. The results show that PETRA performs similarly to MONSOON despite not using any sophisticated hardware components. In fact, in all the apps the mean relative error with respect to MONSOON is lower than 0.05. Moreover, for 95% of the analyzed methods the estimation error is within 5% of the actual values measured using the hardware-based toolkit.
Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs and Service Utilization among Adolescents in Nepal

Background: Adolescents can experience various sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges. It is crucial to make sure that adolescents use SRH related services and information to protect themselves from any complications such as early and unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, HIV and psycho-sexual problems. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore SRH needs and SRH service utilization by adolescents in Nepal; factors influencing utilization of SRH services; and to provide recommendations for the optimal improvement and use of existing SRH services. Study Method: This is a descriptive study which is based on a review of the literature according to the “WHO framework for understanding adolescent help-seeking behavior and use of social supports”, which was adapted in to this paper. Findings: In Nepal adolescents are concerned about sexual development and reproductive health. However, current health programs are not completely addressing these issues. Limited knowledge, social and cultural associations with SRH services, health staff competencies to address adolescent SRH, and friendliness of health facility staff influence health seeking and SRH service utilization by adolescents in Nepal. Conclusion: Despite all of the efforts from the government and non-governmental sectors, utilization of SRH services by adolescents in Nepal is low because of various factors that are often interrelated. There is a need to further improve the adolescent friendliness of services, promote these (free) services, and to increase use of SRH services in Nepal.
Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of sheep.

Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a contagious viral disease of sheep and goats characterised by neoplastic growth of the ethmoidal mucosa in the nasal cavity. ENA is caused by retrovirus, which is closely related to the ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus (JSRV). The disease is probably spread by respiratory route and it can be introduced into a flock by purchasing infected animals. In affected flocks, the prevalence of the disease is typically 0.5 – 2 %, although it can be as high as 15 %. The disease primarily affects young adult animals at the age of 2 to 4 years. It is usually clinically manifested by seromucous or purulent nasal discharge, dyspnoea, emaciation and less often by exophtalmus and skull deformations. A clinical diagnosis of ENA in a live animal can be confirmed by endoscopic or x-ray examination. There is no effective treatment and the majority of the animals die within 90 days after the onset of the first clinical signs. The tumour, which arises unilaterally or bilaterally from the ethmoidal area of the nasal cavity, may occludes both nasal cavities, grows into the pharynx, paranasal sinuses and skull cavity, but does not metastasise to the lymph nodes, brain or other organs. Pathoanatomic diagnosis of ENA must also be confirmed with the histopathological examination. In the latest classification of tumours, ENA is classified as a low-grade adenocarcinoma. Besides histopathological examination, Western blotting, immunohistochemical examination and electronic microscopy can be used for research purposes.
Prevalence and severity of fatigue in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

Introduction Fatigue is an important and underrated symptom of many chronic diseases. Aim The evaluation of incidence and severity of fatigue as well as the influence of selected factors on fatigue in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Material and methods The study included 60 patients with PsA, 58 patients with psoriasis and 61 persons in the control group aged 35–70 years. Assessment of fatigue was conducted using a fatigue subscale from the FACIT-F questionnaire. Severity of skin lesions and arthritis was determined with PASI and DAS28, respectively, as well as the number of painful and swollen joints, severity of pain and inflammatory markers. Results Severe fatigue occurred in 17%, 28%, and 1.6% of patients with psoriasis, PsA and the control group, respectively. Severity of fatigue was significantly higher in patients with PsA as compared to patients with psoriasis (p < 0.0001). In patients with psoriasis and PsA, it decreased along with the duration of psoriasis (r = 0.291, p < 0.05 vs. r = 0.382, p < 0.05, respectively). No significant correlation was found between the duration of PsA and fatigue. After using the linear regression model, severity of fatigue in psoriasis was correlated with the age of patients and the duration of psoriasis, while in PsA, with the duration of psoriasis, PASI, DAS28, CRP and the number of painful joints. Conclusions The results of this study may indicate the need for routine fatigue examination among people with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
Visual Search for Feature and Conjunction Targets with an Attention Deficit

Brain-damaged subjects who had previously been identified as suffering from a visual attention deficit for contralesional stimulation were tested on a series of visual search tasks. The experiments examined the hypothesis that the processing of single features is preattentive but that feature integration, necessary for the correct perception of conjunctions of features, requires attention (Treisman & Gelade, 1980 Treisman & Sato, 1990). Subjects searched for a feature target (orientation or color) or for a conjunction target (orientation and color) in unilateral displays in which the number of items presented was variable. Ocular fixation was controlled so that trials on which eye movements occurred were cancelled. While brain-damaged subjects with a visual attention disorder (VAD subjects) performed similarly to normal controls in feature search tasks, they showed a marked deficit in conjunction search. Specifically, VAD subjects exhibited an important reduction of their serial search rates for a conjunction target with contralesional displays. In support of Treisman's feature integration theory, a visual attention deficit leads to a marked impairment in feature integration whereas it does not appear to affect feature encoding.
Big Data-Enabled Supply Chain Management: A systematic review

Big data has the potential to revolutionize the art of supply chain management (Mehmood et al., 2016). Reporting on the economic impact of big data (Manyika et al., 2011), the McKinsey Global Institute has identified value levers along the whole manufacturing value chain with the ability to lead to high productivity levels. Application of big data and advanced analytics to R&D and product development has been estimated to reduce costs by 20-50 per cent, and a big data-enabled supply chain optimization was estimated as yielding a 2-3 percentage point profit margin improvement (Baily et al., 2013). However, in spite of its widely reported strategic impacts, there is a paucity of empirical research exploring the influence of big data in operations and supply chain management (SCM).
ReSumo: ESCOAMENTO E TRANSPORTE DE SEDIMENTO EM UMA ÁREA DEGRADADA

gully erosion occurs by the combined action of splash, sheetwash and rillwash (interrill and rill erosion). these erosion processes have a great capacity for both sediment production and sediment transport. the objectives of this experiment were to evaluate hydrological and sediment transport in a degraded area, severely dissected by gullies; to assess the hydraulic flow characteristics and their aggregate transport capacity; and to measure the initial splash erosion rate. in the study area in guarapuava, State of paraná, Brazil (lat 25° 24’ S; long 51°24’ W; 1034 m asl), the soil was classified as Cambissolo Húmico alumínico, with the following particle-size composition: sand 0.116 kg kg-1; silt 0.180 kg kg-1; and clay 0.704 kg kg-1. the approach of this research was based on microcatchments formed in the ground, to study the hydrological response and sediment transport. a total of eight rill systems were simulated with dry and wet soil. an average rainfall of 33.7 ± 4.0 mm was produced for 35 to 54 min by a rainfall simulator. the equipment was installed, and a trough was placed at the end of the rill to collect sediments and water. during the simulation, the following variables were measured: time to runoff, time to ponding, time of recession, flow velocity, depth, ratio of the initial splash and grain size. the rainsplash of dry topsoil was more than twice as high as under moist conditions (5 g m-2 min-1 and 2 g m-2 min-1, respectively). the characteristics of the flow hydraulics indicate transition from laminar to turbulent flow [Re (Reynolds number) 1000–2000]. in addition, it was observed that a flow velocity of 0.12 m s-1 was the threshold for turbulent flow (Re > 2000), especially at the end of the rainfall simulation. the rill flow tended to be subcritical [fr (froude number) < 1.0]. the variation in hydrological attributes (infiltration and runoff) was lower, while the sediment yield was variable. the erosion in the rill systems was characterized as limited transport, although the degraded area generated an average of 394 g m-2 of sediment in each simulation.
Thermo-optic effects in multicore fibers for high-power lasers

Multi-core fibers (MCFs) are promising solutions for high power fiber based devices as they reduce nonlinearity and other unwanted detrimental effects, like transverse mode instability, by transporting, instead of a single high power beam, several low-powered ones to be coherently combined at the fiber output. This method relies on accurate evaluation of the phase differences between signals in different cores, which are significantly impacted by changes in the effective index of the propagating modes. For this to be effective, spatial heat generation must be accounted for. In particular, the heat flux from the doped cores to the external boundary causes a temperature gradient across the fiber, which affects the refractive index distribution, creating the chance for effective index change and thus dephasing of the output beams, which is harmful for beam combining. The results of in-depth numerical analysis on the performance of 9-core and 16-core MCFs under thermal effects are presented by studying the mode phase sensitivity to heat load and by introducing a coupled-mode theory model to study possible optical coupling effects. The effectively single-mode condition is also investigated by calculating the core modal overlap differences between fundamental and higher-order modes.
Anticancer effect of Dunaliella salina under stress and normal conditions against skin carcinoma cell line A431 in vitro

Dunaliella salina , a green microalga, has been consumed as food and medicine for a long time.The anti-oxidant and anticancer effects are related to more production of β- carotene under stress conditions compared with normal circumstances.The scope of this study was survey of anticancer effect of the ethanol extract of Dunaliella salina algae under stress(EDSS) and normal (EDSN) conditions on death rate of skin carcinoma cell line A431 by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] method in vitro. Our results showed that the β-carotene amount in stress situation was 1.46 times more than in normal condition.The cytotoxic effect of EDSS exposed to 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 µg/ml in 6, 24, 48 h which was performed by MTT assay showed that there was a significant difference in the various time except in 6 h in both conditions.The results of compared death rate of A431cells exposed to various concentrations of EDSS and EDSN presented significant difference in 6, 24, and 48 h after exposure. The LC 50 of EDSS in 24 and 48 h were 15.4 and 0.4 µg/ml , respectively and 478.6 and 46.4 µg/ml for EDSN.
Economic costs of drought and farmers' adaptation strategies: evidence from Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, a country in the tropical region, has experienced cyclical droughts of high intensity, occurring in intervals of three to four years. These droughts have had a series of adverse impacts on the economic and social life of people in the country. This study attempts to assess the economic costs of drought and farmers’ adaptation strategies to drought with the intention of informing the policies which address drought-related economic vulnerability among farm households in Sri Lanka. Data were drawn from 540 farm households in the North Central Province (NCP) in the dry zone of Sri Lanka, in 2015. Results indicate that drought weakens agricultural production, food consumption and the investment capability of farm households, while also increasing indirect costs such as those arising in relation to healthcare. Thus, immediate measures, particularly income mediating policies to provide compensation to drought-affected families, are required to avoid multiple impacts of drought to farm households and to the provincial economy.
Studies on Butterfly (Insecta: Lepidoptera) Diversity across Different Urban Landscapes of Delhi, India

The present study deals with the diversity of butterflies along with the contrasting six selected land-use types and three major seasons in Delhi for the years 2015–16 and 2016–17. Among the 40 species of butterflies recorded, family Nymphalidae (13 spp.) showed the highest species diversity. Species richness was found to be the highest during monsoon season, whereas among the six different study sites, Aravalli Biodiversity Park, New Delhi had the highest biodiversity index. Earlier studies have been confined up to species listing and documentation, whereas mathematical interpretations through biodiversity indices concerning increasing urbanization were neglected. The findings of this study indicate the significance of green patches within urban infrastructure in the cities to support a wide array of butterflies.
Supplementary Material: Manipulating Attributes of Natural Scenes via Hallucination

The purpose of this document is to provide extra material to complement the paper. It presents sample annotations for the semantic layouts and the transient attributes that we collected for our dataset (Section 1). It shows additional visual comparisons between the proposed scene generation network (SGN) and Pix2pixHD [Wang et al. 2018], and gives the detailed description of the user study we performed to compare the two methods (Section 2). It explains how our SGNmodel can be utilized as an image editing tool in which one can play with the layout of the input scene and make changes in its transient attributes (Section 3). Lastly, it demonstrates additional attribute manipulation results on real images (Section 4). Moreover, we have an accompanying project website1 which includes • All 17,772 images from our ALS18K dataset which also contains layout annotations with 150 semantic categories and 40 transient attributes • An interactive demo of our SGN model • Additional results on attribute manipulation • Additional results on season transfer to paintings
Input Modification in the Teaching of English Language among Federal University Lecturers in South-West, Nigeria

This study investigated input modification in the teaching of English Language among federal university lecturers in South-West, Nigeria. The study examined English grammar and phonology classes. The study made use of Descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised undergraduate English Language lecturers and their students in South-West, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select fifteen (15) English Language lecturers taking English Grammar and phonology and 350 students in South-West, Federal Universities in Nigeria. Three research questions were answered. Data were collected using Lecturer Classroom Interaction Sheet (LCIS) with reliability co-efficient of 0.76 and Students’ Rating of English Language Lecturer Input Modification (SRELLIM) with reliability co-efficient of 0.82. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-test. The result of the lecturers’ input simplification practices revealed that lecturer explaining new vocabulary is the most frequently used (27%). This is followed by lecturer using basic vocabulary that matches learners’ language and lecturer explaining an idea using more than one word which have the same proportion of 26.1%. The study also revealed that elaborating self-utterance to make the meaning clear is the most (54.6%) frequently used input elaboration pattern. This is followed by modifying learners’ utterance which amounts to a percentage of 17.0%. The study further revealed a significant difference in score between the two groups of lecturers with t (87) = . 00, p < . 05, two-tailed where experienced lecturers with (M = 104.33, SD = 24.68) scoring higher than inexperienced lecturers (M = 81.15, SD = 15.58). Also, there was a significant difference in score between the two groups of lecturers with t (348) = . 00, p < . 05, two-tailed where Ph. D holders (M = 104.33, SD = 24.68) scoring higher than MA holders (M = 81.15, SD = 15.58). The study then recommends that Lecturers should be able to use a variety of input modification patterns and adapt the specific patterns that suit the learners they are teaching.
Are there causal relationships between ADHD and BMI? Evidence from multiple genetically informed designs

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Body Mass Index (BMI) are associated. However, it remains unclear whether this association reflects causal relationships in either direction, or confounding. Here, we implemented genetically informed methods to examine bidirectional causality and potential confounding. Methods Three genetically informed methods were employed: (1) cross-lagged twin-differences analyses to assess bidirectional effects of ADHD symptoms and BMI at ages 8, 12, 14 and 16 years in 2386 pairs of monozygotic twins from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), (2) within- and between-family ADHD and BMI polygenic score (PS) analyses in 3320 pairs of dizygotic TEDS twins and (3) two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary statistics from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) on ADHD (N=55,374) and BMI (N=806,834). Results Mixed results were obtained across the three methods. Twin-difference analyses provided little support for cross-lagged associations between ADHD symptoms and BMI over time. PS analyses were consistent with bidirectional relationships between ADHD and BMI with plausible time-varying effects from childhood to adolescence. MR findings were also consistent with bidirectional causal effects between ADHD and BMI. Multivariable MR suggested the presence of substantial confounding in bidirectional relationships. Conclusions The three methods converged to highlight multiple sources of confounding in the association between ADHD and BMI. PS and MR analyses suggested plausible causal relationships in both directions. Possible explanations for mixed causal findings across methods are discussed.