Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Double-diffusive interleaving due to horizontal gradients

In this paper we present a linear stability analysis for an unbounded, vertically stratified fluid which has compensating horizontal temperature and salinity gradients, so there is no horizontal density gradient. We obtain the most unstable perturbation for given linear horizontal and vertical gradients and calculate the growth rates, the vertical lengthscale of the intrusion and the slope of the intrusion to the horizontal. We show that the system is most unstable to two-dimensional disturbances and that, except for a small region in which the temperature stratification is unstable and the salinity stratification is stable, the most-unstable disturbance is non-oscillatory. We also obtain a solution to the fully nonlinear equations and calculate the fluxes of heat and salt. The nonlinear solution shows that alternating interfaces of salt-finger and diffusive interfaces will eventually appear on the intrusion when the vertical stratifications are both stable.
The Impact of Mothers’ Perceived Unsupportive Intergenerational Co-Parenting on Children’s Social Competence: Evidence from China

This study examined whether parenting styles mediated the relationship between unsupportive intergenerational co-parenting and children’s social competence, and whether the first stage of the mediating process, as well as the direct association between unsupportive intergenerational co-parenting and children’s social competence, was moderated by maternal psychological flexibility. The theoretical model was tested using data collected from 412 mothers of children aged 3–6 years at four kindergartens in Shanghai, China. The results showed that: (1) unsupportive intergenerational co-parenting was negatively associated with children’s social competence through decreased maternal authoritative parenting and increased authoritarian parenting and (2) the first stage of the mediation mechanism was moderated by maternal psychological flexibility. Specifically, unsupportive intergenerational co-parenting was significantly associated with authoritative and authoritarian parenting for mothers with low and high psychological flexibility, respectively, and the magnitude of the association was higher for mothers with low psychological flexibility. These findings extend the understanding of how and when unsupportive intergenerational co-parenting impacts children’s social competence.
Time-resolved optical Kerr effect on a fragile glass-forming liquid: Test of different mode coupling theory aspects

The dynamics of the fragile glass-forming liquid m-toluidine is investigated by time-resolved optical Kerr effect. A heterodyne detection technique allows to analyze the signal over four decades in time (10−13 s to 10−9 s), in the temperature range 250 K–295 K. The results of data analysis remarkably agree with the predictions of the idealised mode coupling theory (MCT). Some parameters related to that theory are here determined for the first time; also the material-dependent parameters λ = 0.77 ± 0.02 and Tc = 220 ± 5 K can be independently and consistently determined from three different dynamical regimes.
Noninvasive Brain Imaging and Stimulation in Post-Stroke Motor Rehabilitation: A Review

This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of noninvasive brain imaging and brain stimulation in motor rehabilitation after stroke. The functional organization of the brain is determined by brain network connections. Brain imaging enables us to map the network organization of the brain, so as to assess the motor function in a stroke state. The noninvasive functional imaging techniques include electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) with the better temporal resolution, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with better spatial resolution. Based on single-mode or multimode imaging methods, the changes of brain networks caused by stroke and during motor recovery progress can be observed. Brain stimulation is an effective way to reorganize brain networks. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are the most widely studied noninvasive neuromodulation techniques. Combined with imaging, brain stimulation can alter brain networks in controlled ways and making neuromodulation a closed loop. This review also outlines the methods of facilitate motor rehabilitation: 1) multimode imaging for motor assessment; 2) brain stimulation combined with rehabilitation training; 3) close-loop motor rehabilitation; and 4) influencing factors motor rehabilitation.
Price and Quality Strategy in Live Streaming E-Commerce With Consumers’ Social Interaction and Celebrity Sales Agents

In the era of digital commerce, live streaming has tremendously changed the way retailers and marketers communicate with online customers. Consumers are increasingly keen on live streaming shopping. This study develops a game-theoretical model to analyze the optimal price and quality decisions of merchants in live streaming commerce. Specifically, it considers consumers’ social interaction effects caused by the celebrity sales agent (CSA) selling. The social interaction effects are classified into two types: the value-added effect (VAE) and the market expansion effect (MEE). This study also considers two quality schemes, namely, the responsible quality scheme (where the quality on the CSA channel is the same as that on the traditional online channel) and the discriminatory quality scheme (where the quality on the CSA channel is changed). The equilibrium outcomes of the two quality schemes are derived, and how VAE and MEE affect equilibrium outcomes in the two-period case is explored. The extended model studies the combined effect of VAE and MEE. Several insights are uncovered. First, MEE always generates reduced prices on the CSA channel, whereas VAE may increase the prices on the CSA channel. Moreover, merchants have incentives to decrease the quality level on the CSA channel. Finally, compared with the responsible quality scheme, the discriminatory quality scheme offers more benefits for merchants, but it does not increase consumer surplus. Considering MEE, the discriminatory quality scheme generates a high consumer surplus.
A Comparison of Radiative and Actual Nocturnal Cooling Rates over Grass and Snow

Abstract Measured divergence of net nocturnal longwave flux between 1 and 3 m over a snow-covered field under clear skies and weak regional winds show that the rate of radiative cooling is higher than similar cooling rates over a short grass cover by a 2:1 ratio. On the average, the radiative cooling rate was about 2.5 times the actual rate over the two surfaces but the variation in the hourly rate was higher over grass than over snow. This is held to be indicative of the stronger role played by forced turbulence over grass than snow.
A generalized model for the economic design of ??control charts for production systems with increasing failure rate and early replacement

This article generalizes the model for the economic design of x-control charts of Duncan [4], starting from the more recent papers of Lorenzen and Vance [8] and Banerjee and Rahim [3]. The classical model of Duncan [4] and its several extensions including the unified model of Lorenzen and Vance [8] assumed exponentially distributed in-control periods and provided uniform sampling schemes. Banerjee and Rahim [3], however, assumed a Weibull-distributed in-control period having an increasing failure rate and used variable sampling intervals. The present article is an extension of the work of Banerjee and Rahim [3], where a general distribution of in-control periods having an increasing failure rate is assumed and the possibility of age-dependent repair before failure is considered. Several different truncated and nontruncated probability models are chosen. It is proposed that economic benefits can be achieved by adopting a nonuniform inspection scheme and by truncating a production cycle when it attains a certain age. Numerical examples are presented to support this proposition. Finally, the effect of model specification in the choice of failure mechanism is investigated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Superresolution via sparsity constraints

Consider the problem of recovering a measure $\mu $ supported on a lattice of span $\Delta $, when measurements are only available concerning the Fourier Transform $\hat \mu (\omega )$ at frequencies $|\omega | \leqslant \Omega $. If $\Omega $ is much smaller than the Nyquist frequency ${\pi / \Delta }$ and the measurements are noisy, then, in general, stable recovery of $\mu $ is impossible. In this paper it is shown that if, in addition, we know that the measure $\mu $ satisfies certain sparsity constraints, then stable recovery is possible. Say that a set has Rayleigh index less than or equal to R if in any interval of length ${{4\pi } / \Omega } \cdot R$ there are at most R elements. Indeed, if the (unknown) support of $\mu $ is known, a priori, to have Rayleigh index at most R, then stable recovery is possible with a stability coefficient that grows at most like $\Delta ^{ - 2R - 1} $ as $\Delta \to 0$. This result validates certain practical efforts, in spectroscopy, seismic prospecting, and astrono.
The Effects of Mathematics Anxiety on Mathematics Performance among Secondary School Students in Tanzania: A Case of Arusha City Council

The continuous trend of poor mathematics performance in Tanzania has developed different stakeholders' attention, including the Government, to research the possible causes of poor performance. The presence of mathematics anxiety among students is believed to have an impact on students' performance in Mathematics. In this study, the researcher aimed to investigate the effects of Mathematics Anxiety on Mathematics Performance Among Secondary Schools Students in Tanzania. The study employed a sample size of 396 students from six secondary schools in the Arusha City Council. The researcher collected data through structured questionnaires with closed-ended questions distributed to respondents. Respondents' mathematics terminal examination marks were used in this study. The collected data were analysed using descriptive (percentages and mean) and inferential statistics (correlation and multiple regression analysis). The results generally revealed a significant effect of mathematics anxiety on mathematics performance among secondary school students at a 0.05 level of significance (P-Value 0.00 2- tailed). A correlation coefficient r = 0.304 indicate a significant moderate positive relationship between the effects of mathematics anxiety and mathematics performance. The regression equation indicates that mathematics anxiety affects mathematics performance by 46.6% when other factors remain constants. Based on the findings, it was recommended that mathematics teachers be aware of the possibility of mathematics anxiety among their students. Also, further studies that involve a large sample should be conducted to re-confirm the assertion.
Work–Life Balance and Mental and Physical Health among Warsaw Specialists, Managers and Entrepreneurs

Many studies have shown that low work–life balance (WLB) can be harmful to health. Poland is a country with one of the lowest indicators on the WLB scale among European countries but there are only a few studies about the connection between WLB and health. The present analysis aimed to answer the questions of whether the lower WLB among Warsaw’s middle class correlates with poorer mental and physical health, and what life orientations and values typical of the middle class are related to work–life balance. Two surveys were conducted in the years 2003 and 2013 on the quota samples of 500 members of the Warsaw middle class: specialists, managers, and entrepreneurs. The current analysis has indicated the connection between a lower level of WLB and worse mental and physical health. Some middle-class life orientations are connected with a high WLB. The relationship between WLB and health was stronger in 2013 than in 2003. It can be considered a result of mentality and lifestyle changes and generational renewal. The study should be repeated in 2023 after the COVID-19 pandemic as the work situation of the middle class may have changed.
Development of the measure of assessment self-efficacy (MASE) for quizzes and exams

ABSTRACT Self-efficacy is a significant construct in education due to its predictive relationship with achievement. Existing measures of assessment-related self-efficacy concentrate on students’ beliefs about content-specific tasks but omit beliefs around assessment-taking. This research aimed to develop and test the Measure of Assessment Self-Efficacy (MASE), designed to assess two types of efficacy beliefs related to assessment (i.e. ‘comprehension and execution’ and ‘emotional regulation’) in two scenarios (i.e. a low-stakes online quiz and a high-stakes final exam). Results from confirmatory factor analysis in Study 1 (N = 301) supported the hypothesised two-factor measurement models for both assessment scenarios. In Study 2, results from MGCFA (N = 277) confirmed these models were invariant over time and provided evidence for the scales’ validity. Study 3 demonstrated the exam-related MASE was invariant across cohorts of students (Ns = 277; 329). Potential uses of the developed scales in educational research are discussed.
Identifying validity evidence for uncertainty tolerance scales: A systematic review

Uncertainty tolerance (UT) is increasingly valued as a medical graduate attribute and broadly measured among medical student populations. However, the validity evidence underpinning UT scale implementation has not been summarised across studies. The present work evaluates UT scale validity evidence to better inform when, why and how UT scales ought to be used and to identify remaining validity evidence gaps.
The Effects of Auditors’ Quality and Peripheral Services on Client-Firms’ Satisfaction in ISO 9001 Quality System Auditing

This article examines the two key components of auditing services provided by ISO 9001 certification bodies, namely the auditors' quality and the peripheral services quality. Using a dataset of 597 ISO 9001 certified firms in Australia and New Zealand, our findings show that both auditing service components have positive effects on client-firms' satisfaction. Furthermore, our findings show that the effects are moderated by process complexity in client firms. This study complements previous studies on ISO 9001 which have largely been focused on the implementation of the standard and its associated outcomes. The study provides practical insights and guidance for certification bodies in terms of client-firms. valuation of and satisfaction with the auditing services that the certification bodies provide.
Changes in daily and monthly surface air temperature variability by multi-model global warming experiments.

Future changes in daily and monthly surface air temperature variability are associated with temperature extremes and thus will have a large impact on our life and various sectors. In this study, we analyze variability of surface air temperature by 14 CMIP3 coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model results. We first assess the 20th century climate in coupled models (20C3M) experiment for the period 1981-2000 with three reanalysis datasets and then show the changes in future climate for the period 2081-2100 under the SRES A1B scenario. The interannual variability of simulated monthly mean surface air temperature agrees with the observations based on three reanalysis datasets. Although there are large model-to-model scatters in the future changes of interannual variability, the ensemble mean of the available model results shows a large decrease in variability over the Northern Hemisphere high latitude region in winter, and an increase over the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes and over the tropical land region in summer. For the daily temperature variability, the model ensemble mean underestimates the reanalysis data, probably related with less developed synoptic disturbances in the models than in reality. In future, the daily temperature variability is projected to increase over land in the Northern Hemisphere summer and in the tropics, and to decrease over the ocean throughout the year, consistent with the projected weakening of cyclonic disturbances. Inter-model variability is smaller than in the case for the interannual variability of monthly mean temperature.
Clinicophysiological, haematobiochemical and electrocardiographic effects of homogenous and heterogenous blood transfusion in traumatized dogs

Twenty four clinical cases of dogs having the history of the accidents irrespective of their age and sex were included in this study. The definite diagnosis was made on the basis of haematobiochemical, radiographic, ultrasonographic and laparoscopic findings. The animals were divided randomly into 3 groups, viz. A, B and C comprising equal number of animals. After the definite diagnosis, patients were subjected to surgical intervention i.e. splenectomy. The animals of groups A, B, and C were subjected to the administration of anaesthetic combination of atropine sulphate, diazepam and thiopental sodium just to pass endotracheal tube followed by either isoflurane (2â€“2.5%) or sevoflurane (3â€“3.5%) and also subjected to whole blood transfusion of cattle, buffalo and dogs in groups A, B & C respectively either during the operation or just after the operation.The efficacy of blood transfusion was judged on the basis of effects on various clinicophysiological and haematobiochemical parameters recorded before and after the administration of blood. Electrocardiographic studies were also made. It was concluded that in case of the trauma of spleen, homogenous transfusion of the blood in traumatized patient is most beneficial however in case of the emergency condition, heterogenous blood transfusion from cattle and buffaloes may also be made to save the life of the patients.
Antibiotic Consumption in Vanuatu before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2018 to 2021: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis

The study objectives were to examine antibiotic consumption at Vila Central Hospital (VCH), Vanuatu between January 2018 and December 2021 and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption during this period. Data on antibiotic usage were obtained from the Pharmacy database. We used the WHO’s Anatomical Therapeutic Classification/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) index, VCH’s inpatient bed numbers and the hospital’s catchment population to calculate monthly antibiotic consumption. The results were expressed as DDDs per 100 bed days for inpatients (DBDs) and DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day for outpatients (DIDs). Interrupted time series (ITS) was used to assess the influence of COVID-19 by comparing data before (January 2018 to January 2020) and during (February 2020 to December 2021) the pandemic. Ten antibiotics were examined. In total, 226 DBDs and 266 DBDs were consumed before and during COVID-19 by inpatients, respectively with mean monthly consumption being significantly greater during COVID-19 than before the pandemic (2.66 (p = 0.009, 95% CI 0.71; 4.61)). Whilst outpatients consumed 102 DIDs and 92 DIDs before and during the pandemic, respectively, the difference was not statistically significant. Findings also indicated that outpatients consumed a significantly lower quantity of Watch antibiotics during COVID-19 than before the pandemic (0.066 (p = 0.002, 95% CI 0.03; 0.11)). The immediate impact of COVID-19 caused a reduction in both inpatient and outpatient mean monthly consumption by approximately 5% and 16%, respectively, and this was followed by an approximate 1% monthly increase until the end of the study. By mid-2021, consumption had returned to pre-pandemic levels.
Scale and Environmental Impacts of Food Loss and Waste in China—A Material Flow Analysis

Evidence of China’s food loss and waste (FLW) and its increasing impacts on food security and environmental sustainability is urgently needed to guide policy intervention and avoid unnecessary damage to human health and the environment. This paper estimates the scale of China’s FLW in 2019 and assesses the environmental impacts of major food types along the entire food supply chain (FSC) by using a food balance and material flow analysis (MFA) based on existing empirical research. The results show a total FLW of 422.56 Mt which is around 22.37% of total food production (1889.12 Mt). There are also serious environmental impacts on the land footprint (LF), water footprint (WF), and the carbon footprint (CF) estimation (4152.36 × 109 gm2, 613.84 × 106 t CO2e and 506.07 × 109 m3 on average, respectively), most of which are found in foods of animal products, cereals, vegetables and fruit at the stages of consumption, agricultural production, postharvest handling and storage. In addition, the root causes of FLW generation at different levels—micro, meso and macro—were also analyzed. These results will provide significant guidance to researchers and decision-makers on primary data collection and reduction-policy development for China’s FLW.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE QALB AS AN EFFORT TO FORM A SCALE OF MEASUREMENT IN ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY

The purpose of this research was to explore the concept of qalb which is explained in the Al-Quran in order to describe qalb according to the wishes that explain qalb, in this case is the Al-Quran. The research question was whether qalb in the Qur’an can be conceptualized based on the Qur’an and sunnah (hadith that explain the Qur’an). This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to the Qur’an with the Qur’an. The primary data in this study were the Al-Quran and sunnah (hadith that explain the Qur’an) while the secondary data in this study were from books and journals whose explanations are related to qalb. The results of this study have theoretically proven that qalb can be conceptualized based on the Al-Quran and sunnah (hadith which explain the Al-Quran). It is hoped that the results of this research can be followed up by operationalizing based on the findings in this study to build a qalb measurement tool that have not been found around the world. Across-sector collaboration is also needed to continue this research which must also prioritize the Qur’an rather than human opinion so that it is clear to distinguish psychology in general from Islamic psychology.