Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leaf Temperature and Transpiration of Field Grown Cotton and Soybean under Arid and Humid Conditions

Abstract Abstract : Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) cultivars were grown under arid (Urumqi, Xinjiang, China) and humid (Matsudo, Chiba, Japan) conditions to analyze their abilities to adapt to arid conditions in terms of transpiration, leaf movement and leaf temperature. Under the arid condition, the leaf temperature of the cotton cultivars was higher than that of the soybean cultivar and the air temperature. There was no significant difference in leaf temperature among the cotton and soybean cultivars under the humid condition. The flow rate of stem sap in the cotton cultivars under the arid condition was always higher than that in the soybean cultivar, and was largely affected by vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Under the humid condition, however, the flow rates of stem sap were lower in the cotton cultivars than in the soybean cultivars. These results indicate that cotton can avoid heat stress by the high transpiring ability possibly supported by well-developed root systems, which leads to higher drought resistance under the arid condition. Soybean would adapt to arid conditions by the combination of paraheliotropic leaf movement and reduced transpiration.
Application of meta‐analysis towards understanding the effect of adding a methionine hydroxy analogue in the diet on growth performance and feed utilization of fish and shrimp

Methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) has been widely used and shows positive effects on growth in poultry, swine, ruminant and aquatic animals. Nevertheless, the utilization efficiency of methionine hydroxy analogue remains controversial considering the wide variation in effects across studies, feeding parameters and environmental culture conditions. Meta-analysis can quantify the effect of adding MHA on animal performance. Here, we analysed the effect of MHA-supplemented diets on the final weight (FW), per cent weight gain (WG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency (FE) in common, diverse aquaculture taxa. To conduct the meta-analyses, twenty-three published studies were included that accounted for 249 effect sizes estimated across eight fish and one shrimp species. The effect size (measured as the standardized mean difference; Hedges’ g) of response parameters between MHA level in a diet formulation and an MHA-less control condition was calculated. Based on these results, adding MHA in the diet can significantly improve FW, WG, PER, and FE and decrease FCR for fish rather than shrimp. Using meta-regression analysis, there was a significant quadratic linear relationship between MHA addition and effect size for FW (P = 0.002 for MHA, P = 0.042 for MHA), and significant linear relationships between MHA addition and effect size for WG (P = 0.0005) and FCR (P = 0.002). There was no significant relationship, linear or non-linear, between the MHA addition and effect size for FE (P = 0.985) and PER (P = 0.461). In all, when properly dosed in diets, MHA can significantly improve aquaculture production for fish.
Time‐Dependent Crustal Accretion on the Southeast Indian Ridge Revealed by Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 Search

Our understanding of oceanic crustal formation is mostly limited to observations of young crust formed in the past several million years, due to the thick sediments on older crust and the remote location of many spreading centers. Here we use 40 m‐resolution bathymetric data collected over hundreds of square kilometers during the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 on the flank of the Southeast Indian Ridge, which provides a record of crustal accretion from 11–23 Ma. Spectra calculated from the data show a characteristic timescale of 300–400 kyr and no evidence for periodicity coinciding with glacial cycles. This characteristic timescale could be explained by fluctuations in melt supply and the amount of faulting, leading to variations in crustal thickness. We show that this timescale of variation is consistent with porosity waves observed in a two‐phase flow model, which persist over millions of years.
A Note on Scanning Electron Microscopy of Micro‐organisms associated with the Kefir Granule

Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the micro-organisms on kefir granules. The most richly colonized part was that nearest to the exterior of the granule; it contained mainly bacteria and a few yeasts. The latter increased towards the centre of the granule where few bacteria were present. The kefir grain has a spongy fibrillar structure with a reticular lamellar matrix and a fibre mass which, especially in the centre of the grain, shows branching and interconnections with long cordons.
Effect of time and inoculum density on the reproductive fitness of Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus similis populations on carrot disks

The reproductive fitness of three Pratylenchus coffeae populations (Honduras, Ghana and Vietnam) and three Radopholus similis populations (Costa Rica, Cuba and Ghana) on carrot disks was studied as a function of time and inoculum densities. In the first study, the reproductive fitness of the isolates was followed during 11 weeks for P. coffeae and during 7 weeks for R. similis. All the populations increased with time. No distinction could be found in the maximum growth rate of the Pratylenchus populations. The R. similis population from Cuba had a higher maximum growth rate than those from Ghana and Costa Rica. All the Radopholus populations showed a faster multiplication than P. coffeae. In the second study, the influence of the inoculum density on the reproductive fitness was determined for the six populations. The differences in reproduction ratios confirmed the results of the first study. Effetde la duree et du taux d'inoculum sur la reproduction de trois populations de Pratylenchus coffeae et de Radopholus similis eleves sur rondelles de carottes - La reproduction de trois populations de Pratylenchus coffeae (Honduras, Ghana et Vietnam) et de trois populations de Radopholus similis (Costa Rica, Cuba et Ghana) a ete etudiee en elevages sur rondelles de carottes. Dans une premiere etude, la multiplication du P. coffeae a ete etudiee pendant 11 semaines et celle du R. similis pendant 7 semaines. Toutes les populations se sont accrues avec le temps. Aucune difference dans la vitesse de croissance maximale n'a ete observee entre les differentes populations de Pratylenchus. La population de R. similis provenant de Cuba a montre une vitesse de croissance plus elevee par rapport aux autres populations. Tous les isolats du R. similis ont montre une multiplication plus rapide que celle des isolats du P. coffeae. Dans la deuxieme etude, l'effet du taux d'inoculum sur la reproduction a ete determine. Les differences dans les taux de reproduction observees ont confirme les resultats obtenus dans la premiere etude.
Caracterização antigênica e fenotípica de cepas de Pasteurella multocida isoladas de pulmões de suínos com pneumonia e/ou pleurite

The antigenic and phenotypic variation among 22 strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated from pig lungs with pneumonia and/or pleuritic lesions was studied. Phenotypic tests consisted of biochemical assays and antimicrobial sensitivity tests. All isolates fermented mannitol and sorbitol, but none fermented arabinose. Fourteen fermented xylose, 4 trehalose, 2 dulcitol and 1 maltose. Analyzing these characteristics, 5 different biochemical groups were revealed. There was a wide variation in the results of antimicrobial sensitivity testing to 9 products, with 50% of isolates showing sensitivity at least to 7. No antimicrobial agent was able to inhibit all strains. The highest efficiency (72% sensitivity) was observed with amoxycillin (30 mg). Spectinomycin (100 mg) presented the lowest efficiency, 45.5%. Antigenic characterization consisted in capsular serotyping and assessment of variability of an outer membrane protein gene (ompH), using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digestion with 5 endonuclease enzymes (restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP). Out of 22 strains, 21 were classified as capsular type A and one as type D. Characterization of ompH revealed 7 different patterns. They corresponded well to previously established biochemical groups.
Site fidelity and annual survival of territorial male Willow Warblers Phylloscopus trochilus at four adjacent sites in Surrey

Willow Warblers, colour‐ringed for individual recognition, were studied at four adjacent sites of differing habitat composition in 1987–1993. The site fidelity of territorial males differed significantly across sites, ranging from 14% to 43%, and was thought most likely to be related to habitat quality. Site fidelity also varied, to a lesser extent, with respect to the age and/or previous residence of males, but not in relation to breeding success. Minimum average annual survival rates varied from 31% to 41% between sites, and there was some evidence of mortality occurring during the breeding season.
Antagonistic properties of microogranisms associated with cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) products

The antagonistic properties of indigenous microflora from cassava starch, flour and grated cassava were investigated using the conventional streak, novel ring and well diffusion methods. Antagonism was measured by zone of inhibition between the fungal plug and bacterial streak/ring. Bacillus species were more effective to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger , A. fumigatus , Fusarium moniliforme and Rhizoctonia sp. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces sp . inhibited the growth of A. niger, A. flavus and F. moniliforme . There were considerable variations in inhibitory activity. The zone of inhibition was more apparent in the novel ring method. Percentage inhibition increased to 78% in the Ring method and 62% in streak method after 168 h of incubation. Lactobacillus brevis, L. acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis inhibited the growth of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus . Inhibition of the pathogenic microorganisms was probably due to the production of organic acids and bacteriocins. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (7), pp. 627-632, 2005
Knowledge Management Barriers in Higher Education: Strategic Issues at Private University

This study proposes The Knowledge Management Barriers for private universities, data collected in Palembang through an online questionnaire distributed to 131 of ABC University lecturers. The results showed that there were four factors with the same components extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with each factor consisting of 9, 4, 4 and 5 factors with similar components. These factors are further classified based on similarity of components, namely: Organizational, Technology, Infrastructure, and Environment Barriers. These barrier factors can be used as a reference for private universities in determining KM strategy to avoid the failure of KM implementation in private universities.
Manifestatation of Hetetrosis in Bread Wheat under Irrigated and Drought Stress Conditions

Six high yielding and rust resistant bread wheat parents were crossed in a diallel fashion to get all possible combinations (30 crosses). Heterosis and heterobeltiosis analysis was performed for morpho-physiological traits like, stomatal frequency, leaf venation, flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, days to heading, tillers per plant, plant height, spike length, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, biomass per plant and grain yield per plant under irrigated and drought stress conditions. Significant mid and better parent heterosis values were observed in certain single crosses for all traits under both environments. The maximum heterosis of 36.39, 15.17 and 12.54 per cent was noted for grain yield per plant, tillers per plant and spike length, respectively, in cross LU26S X Roh.90 under irrigated conditions, whereas cross combination Inq.91 X 4072 manifested maximum heterosis and heterobeltiosis for 1000-grain weight under irrigated and drought stress conditions. The presence of heterosis suggests that high yielding wheat hybrids can be developed.
Police Social Media and Broadcast News: An Investigation into the Impact of Police Use of Facebook on Journalists’ Gatekeeping Role

ABSTRACT This qualitative study sought to understand how journalists’ gatekeeping role, routines, and practices of communication work have been impacted by police use of social media such as Facebook. Semi-structured topical interviews were conducted with eleven broadcast newsroom staff. Overall, findings suggest that police use of Facebook has made newsroom routines easier in many cases, but it is also leading journalists away from gatekeeping and towards passivity and curation. In addition, findings suggest social media use by official sources is shifting gatekeeping power from journalists to police as departments are now able to gatecrash and circumvent the press.
Stream Canopy and Its Relationship to Salmonid Biomass in the Intermountain West

Abstract To assess prevailing stream canopy (riparian overstory) conditions on representative streams in the northern Rocky Mountains and the Great Basin of the western USA, we measured several riparian habitat components, including canopy density, light intensity, unobstructed sun arc, and average potential daily thermal input in grazed and ungrazed (rested) portions of each stream. We also determined to what extent, if any, these habitat components were correlated with salmonid biomass and whether either they or salmonid biomass differed significantly between geographic regions or between grazed or rested pastures. Unobstructed sun arc was significantly and positively correlated with thermal input (P < 0.01), and it was the best overall predictor of salmonid biomass per unit volume (r 2 = 0.58). Thermal input was a better predictor of salmonid biomass per unit volume in the Great Basin (r 2 = 0.92) than in the Rocky Mountains (r 2 = 0.50), where thermal regime may exert more influence on fish population.
Calciphylaxis in the Setting of Hemodialysis, Liver Cirrhosis, and Warfarin Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: An Argument for Alternative Anti-Embolic Therapy

Calciphylaxis, also referred to as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a rare, life-threatening cutaneous systemic disease that typically occurs in the setting of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). ESRD is the most recognized risk factor for calciphylaxis but it is not the sole risk factor. Calciphylaxis has also been associated with liver cirrhosis with or without concurrent renal disease. The current case describes a patient who developed calciphylaxis in the setting of hemodialysis, liver cirrhosis, and atrial fibrillation managed with warfarin therapy, all risk factors for calciphylaxis. The need for alternatives to warfarin therapy, specifically in patients with atrial fibrillation on hemodialysis for ESRD who are at increased risk for calciphylaxis, is discussed. Specifically, the left atrial appendage occluder device is described and the need for interdisciplinary management of these patients is stressed.
Effects of agricultural intensification on the breeding success of corn buntings Miliaria calandra

1. Corn buntings Miliaria calandra have declined steeply in Britain and north-western Europe since the mid-1970s; changes in farming practice are believed to have been partly responsible. 2. We studied nesting corn buntings on the South Downs in west Sussex between 1995 and 1997 to examine the possible effects of agricultural intensification on breeding success. The abundance of invertebrates around individual nests was sampled by sweep-netting in July. 3. Corn buntings provisioning nestlings foraged in grassy margins more than any other habitat relative to their availability within the maximum foraging range. The other habitats used more than expected were spring-sown barley, unintensified grass and set-aside. Those used less than expected included winter-sown wheat and intensively managed grassland. The invertebrates most commonly fed to chicks were more abundant in foraging areas than elsewhere. Their density was negatively correlated with the number of insecticide applications both when cereal fields only were considered and when all foraging habitats were included. 4. The lower the abundance of chick-food invertebrates close to nests, the greater the distance from the nest at which parents foraged, and the longer such trips were in duration. The weights of nestlings, corrected for age using tarsus length, were positively correlated with the abundance of chick-food invertebrates. 5. The probability of nest survival was negatively correlated with the abundance of chick-food invertebrates close to the nest, apparently as a result of an increased risk of predation. 6. Agricultural intensification in Britain, including the increased use of pesticides, has led to a widespread decrease in the availability of chick-food invertebrates on lowland farmland. If our results are typical of corn buntings in an arable environment, this decrease correlates with reduced breeding success. Depending on the mortality rates for fledged chicks and older birds, this reduction may have contributed to the corn buntings' decline and may hamper recovery. 7. Farming practices that increase invertebrate availability ought to benefit breeding corn buntings. Large-scale measures such as set-aside and the spring-sowing of cereals (especially if undersown with grass) depend heavily on overall agricultural policy. Small-scale initiatives might therefore be more feasible; these include the provision of grassy margins or beetle banks and selective spraying of headlands.
Assessing the nucleotide diversity of three aphid species by RAPD

A method is presented for the estimation of nucleotide diversity and genetic structure of populations from RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) data. It involves a modification of the technique developed by Lynch and Crease (1990) for the case of restriction sites as survey data. As new elements the method incorporates (i) dominance correction, (ii) values of asexual reproduction of the populations sampled, and (iii) an analytical variance of the number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
Growth and Break-Up of Methanogenic Granules Suggests Mechanisms for Biofilm and Community Development

Methanogenic sludge granules are densely packed, small, spherical biofilms found in anaerobic digesters used to treat industrial wastewaters, where they underpin efficient organic waste conversion and biogas production. Each granule theoretically houses representative microorganisms from all of the trophic groups implicated in the successive and interdependent reactions of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Information on exactly how methanogenic granules develop, and their eventual fate will be important for precision management of environmental biotechnologies. Granules from a full-scale bioreactor were size-separated into small (0.6–1 mm), medium (1–1.4 mm), and large (1.4–1.8 mm) size fractions. Twelve laboratory-scale bioreactors were operated using either small, medium, or large granules, or unfractionated sludge. After >50 days of operation, the granule size distribution in each of the small, medium, and large bioreactor sets had diversified beyond—to both bigger and smaller than—the size fraction used for inoculation. Interestingly, extra-small (XS; <0.6 mm) granules were observed, and retained in all of the bioreactors, suggesting the continuous nature of granulation, and/or the breakage of larger granules into XS bits. Moreover, evidence suggested that even granules with small diameters could break. “New” granules from each emerging size were analyzed by studying community structure based on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Methanobacterium, Aminobacterium, Propionibacteriaceae, and Desulfovibrio represented the majority of the community in new granules. H2-using, and not acetoclastic, methanogens appeared more important, and were associated with abundant syntrophic bacteria. Multivariate integration (MINT) analyses identified distinct discriminant taxa responsible for shaping the microbial communities in different-sized granules.
Effects of 2-phenoxyethanol Anaesthesia on Haematological Profile on Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) and Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Velisek J., Z. Svobodova, V. Piackova: Effects of 2-Phenoxyethanol Anaesthesia on Haematological Profi le on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Acta Vet. Brno 2007, 76: 487-492. The aim of this study was to assess changes in haematological profi le of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after the exposure to anaesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol. The haematological profi le was assessed before, immediately after 10 min of anaesthesia and 24 h after the anaesthesia with recommended concentration of 0.30 ml·l-1 2-phenoxyethanol. The 10-min exposure to 2-phenoxyethanol of common carp caused the signifi cant increase (p < 0.01) in the haematocrit value and relative and actual count of monocytes immediately after the anaesthesia. These values returned back to normal within 24 hours. In rainbow trout, 2-phenoxyethanol anaesthesia had no effect on the haematological profi le. Results of the examinations suggest that the use of 2-phenoxyethanol at the concentration of 0.30 ml·l -1
Effects of gamma radiation on suitability of stored cereal pest eggs and the reproductive capability of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera)

Abstract A study was conducted to determine parasitization suitability and preference of irradiated and untreated eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth (MFM), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, and the Angoumois grain moth (AGM), Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) for mass-production and augmentative releases of T. evanescens Westwood in cereal storage and processing facilities. Eggs of both species irradiated with 200 Gy could be effectively used for propagation of T. evanescens in the sterilized host eggs. The irradiated host eggs of E. kuehniella were markedly preferred over eggs of S. cerealella. A dose of 200 and 150 Gy prevented adult emergence of E. kuehniella and S. cerealella, respectively. Treatment of immature stages of the parasitoid inside the host eggs or treatment of adults of T. evanescens with low-level doses (ranging between 0 and 140 Gy) resulted in significant reduction in the number of parasitized eggs, adult emergence and progeny production (F1) as radiation dose increased. Our study showed that MFM and AGM eggs killed by gamma radiation could be used for the rearing and release of T. evanescens into commodity storages without any risk of increasing the pest population.
Pengaruh budaya sekolah terhadap pembentukan karakter siswa

This study aims to determine the effect of school culture on the formation of the character of class X majoring in Mathematics and Natural Sciences 2 Soppeng. This research is a Qorelational study. The population in this study the entire class X MIPA Soppeng State totaling 170 while the number of samples is 50% of the population of 70 students. Data collection techniques using observation, questionnaire and documentation using descriptive techniques in analyzing data. The results showed that there was a significant influence between school culture on the formation of the character of class X students of SMA Negeri 2 Soppeng. This can be seen from the results of data analysis conducted, with the calculated t value greater than t table with a significant level of less than 0.05. Keywords: School Culture, Character, Students