Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen application at anthesis increases barley grain protein by enhancing phloem amino acid mobilisation

ABSTRACT Context. In the malting industry, the low protein content of barley grains is a major issue. A useful strategy to overcome this problem is to complement the initial fertilisation with a foliar application of nitrogen (N) near anthesis. Aims. This study aimed to advance knowledge of the metabolic adjustments displayed by plants grown under common management practices in response to foliar N fertilisation at anthesis. Methods. Field experiments with two different rates of foliar N application near anthesis were performed at three commercial sites under the common practice of each farmer. Key results. Grain protein content increased upon foliar fertilisation in all sites without affecting leaf senescence or N remobilisation efficiency. Barley plants also showed a rapid assimilation of the N applied at anthesis, increasing the leaf N organic pools and the global phloem amino acid mobilisation during grain filling. These results could be attributed to the increase in the gene expression of glutamine synthetase 1 and two amino acid transporters (HvAAP6 and HvAAP7). Conclusions. Foliar N applied was rapidly assimilated and exported with high efficiency to the grain with no negative impact over the contribution of N from vegetative organs. Furthermore, phloem N contribution was shown to be of major importance for grain protein content. Implications. Foliar fertilisation near anthesis is an efficient strategy to correct grain protein content to meet maltsters’ requirements because it did not affect pre-assimilated N remobilisation, and was useful under the different nutrient availabilities explored here (N sufficiency, N deficiency and sulfur deficiency).
Profiles of interstellar cloud filaments. Observational effects in synthetic sub-millimetre observations

Sub-millimetre observations suggest that the filaments of interstellar clouds have rather uniform widths and can be described with the so-called Plummer profiles. The shapes of the filament profiles are linked to their physical state. Before drawing conclusions on the observed column density profiles, we must evaluate the observational uncertainties. We want to estimate the bias that could result from radiative transfer effects or from variations of submm dust emissivity. We use cloud models obtained with magnetohydrodynamic simulations and carry out radiative transfer calculations to produce maps of sub-millimetre emission. Column densities are estimated based on the synthetic observations. For selected filaments, the estimated profiles are compared to those derived from the original column density. Possible effects from spatial variations of dust properties are examined. With instrumental noise typical of the Herschel observations, the parameters derived for nearby clouds are correct to within a few percent. The radiative transfer effects have only a minor effect on the results. If the signal-to-noise ratio is degraded by a factor of four, the errors become significant and for half of the examined filaments the values cannot be constrained. The errors increase in proportion to the cloud distance. Assuming the resolution of Herschel instruments, the model filaments are barely resolved at a distance of ~400 pc and the errors in the parameters of the Plummer function are several tens of per cent. The Plummer parameters, in particular the power-law exponent p, are sensitive to noise but can be determined with good accuracy using Herschel data. One must be cautious about possible line-of-sight confusion. In our models, a large fraction of the filaments seen in the column density maps are not continuous structures in three dimensions.
THE ULTRAVIOLET UPTURN IN ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

It is suspected that the ultraviolet (UV) upturn phenomenon in elliptical galaxies and extended horizontal-branch stars in globular clusters have a common origin. An extremely high abundance of helium (Y ∼ 0.4) allows for a working hypothesis, but its origin is unclear. Peng & Nagai proposed that primordial helium sedimentation in dark halos over cosmic timescales may lead to extreme helium abundances in galaxy cluster centers. In this scenario, UV upturn should be restricted to brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) only. This is a clear and testable prediction. We present tests of this hypothesis using galaxy clusters from Yoon et al. that were detected by both the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer Medium Imaging Survey. Using a new UV classification scheme based on far-UV, near-UV, and optical photometry we found that only 5% of cluster elliptical galaxies show a UV upturn, while 27% and 68% are classified as “recent star formation” and “UV-weak” ellipticals, respectively. The data reveal a modest positive dependence of the UV upturn fraction on galaxy velocity dispersion, which is in agreement with the earlier findings of Burstein et al. and possibly with the helium sedimentation theory. However, we do not see any dependency on rank or luminosity of galaxies. Besides, BCGs do not show any marked difference in UV upturn fraction or strength, which is inconsistent with the prediction. We conclude that the aforementioned helium sedimentation theory and its inferred environmental effects are not supported by the available data.
Reweighting towards the chiral limit

We propose to perform fully dynamical simulations at small quark masses by reweighting in the quark mass. This approach avoids some of the technical difficulties associated with direct simulations at very small quark masses. We calculate the weight factors stochastically, using determinant breakup and low mode projection to reduce the statistical fluctuations. We find that the weight factors fluctuate only moderately on nHYP smeared dynamical Wilson-clover ensembles, and we could successfully reweight 16{sup 4}, (1.85 fm){sup 4} volume configurations from m{sub q}{approx_equal}20 MeV to m{sub q}{approx_equal}5 MeV quark masses, reaching the {epsilon}-regime. We illustrate the strength of the method by calculating the low energy constant F from the {epsilon}-regime pseudoscalar correlator.
Causes of Irregular Energy Density in $f(R,T)$ Gravity

We investigate irregularity factors for a self-gravitating spherical star evolving in the presence of imperfect fluid. We explore the gravitational field equations and the dynamical equations with the systematic construction in $f(R,T)$ gravity, where $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Furthermore, we analyze two well-known differential equations (which occupy principal importance in the exploration of causes of energy density inhomogeneities) with the help of the Weyl tensor and the conservation laws. The irregularity factors for a spherical star are examined for particular cases of dust, isotropic and anisotropic fluids in dissipative and non-dissipative regimes in the framework of $f(R,T)$ gravity. It is found that as the complexity in the matter with the anisotropic stresses increases, the inhomogeneity factor has more correspondences to one of the structure scalars.
Valence-quark distribution functions in the kaon and pion

We describe expressions for pion and kaon dressed-quark distribution functions that incorporate contributions from gluons which bind quarks into these mesons and hence overcome a flaw of the commonly used handbag approximation. The distributions therewith obtained are purely valence in character, ensuring that dressed-quarks carry all a meson's momentum at a characteristic hadronic scale and vanishing as $(1-x)^2$ when Bjorken-$x\to 1$. Comparing such distributions within the pion and kaon, it is apparent that the size of SU(3)-flavour symmetry breaking in meson parton distribution functions is modulated by the flavour dependence of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Corrections to these leading-order formulae may be divided into two classes, responsible for shifting dressed-quark momentum into glue and sea-quarks. Working with available empirical information, we build an algebraic framework that is capable of expressing the principal impact of both classes of corrections. This enables a realistic comparison with experiment which allows us to identify and highlight basic features of measurable pion and kaon valence-quark distributions. We find that whereas roughly two-thirds of the pion's light-front momentum is carried by valence dressed-quarks at a characteristic hadronic scale, this fraction rises to 95% in the kaon; evolving distributions with these features to a scale typical of available Drell-Yan data produces a kaon-to-pion ratio of u-quark distributions that is in agreement with the single existing data set; and predict a u-quark distribution within the pion that agrees with a modern reappraisal of $\pi N$ Drell-Yan data. Precise new data are essential in order to validate this reappraisal and because a single modest-quality measurement of the kaon-to-pion ratio cannot be considered definitive.
ON THE TRANSITIONAL DISK CLASS: LINKING OBSERVATIONS OF T TAURI STARS AND PHYSICAL DISK MODELS

Two decades ago “transitional disks” (TDs) described spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of T Tauri stars with small near-IR excesses, but significant mid- and far-IR excesses. Many inferred this indicated dust-free holes in disks possibly cleared by planets. Recently, this term has been applied disparately to objects whose Spitzer SEDs diverge from the expectations for a typical full disk (FD). Here, we use irradiated accretion disk models to fit the SEDs of 15 such disks in NGC 2068 and IC 348. One group has a “dip” in infrared emission while the others' continuum emission decreases steadily at all wavelengths. We find that the former have an inner disk hole or gap at intermediate radii in the disk and we call these objects “transitional disks” and “pre-transitional disks” (PTDs), respectively. For the latter group, we can fit these SEDs with FD models and find that millimeter data are necessary to break the degeneracy between dust settling and disk mass. We suggest that the term “transitional” only be applied to objects that display evidence for a radical change in the disk's radial structure. Using this definition, we find that TDs and PTDs tend to have lower mass accretion rates than FDs and that TDs have lower accretion rates than PTDs. These reduced accretion rates onto the star could be linked to forming planets. Future observations of TDs and PTDs will allow us to better quantify the signatures of planet formation in young disks.
Enzalutamide Induces Apoptotic Insults to Human Drug-Resistant and -Sensitive Glioblastoma Cells via an Intrinsic Bax-Mitochondrion-Cytochrome C Caspase Cascade Activation Pathway

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant brain tumor. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for treating GBM. However, drug resistance is still a challenging issue in GBM therapy. Our preliminary results showed upregulation of androgen receptor (AR) gene expression in human GBM tissues. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of enzalutamide, a specific inhibitor of the AR, on killing drug-resistant and -sensitive glioblastoma cells and the possible mechanisms. Data mining from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed upregulation of AR messenger (m)RNA and protein expressions in human GBM tissues, especially in male patients, compared to normal human brains. In addition, expressions of AR mRNA and protein in human TMZ-sensitive U87 MG and -resistant U87 MG-R glioblastoma cells were elevated compared to normal human astrocytes. Exposure of human U87 MG and U87 MG-R cells to enzalutamide concentration- and time-dependently decreased cell viability. As to the mechanism, enzalutamide killed these two types of glioblastoma cells via an apoptotic mechanism. Specifically, exposure to enzalutamide augmented enzyme activities of caspase-9 rather than those of caspase-8. Moreover, enzalutamide successively triggered an elevation in levels of the proapoptotic Bax protein, a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, cascade activation of caspases-3 and -6, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis in human TMZ-sensitive and -resistant glioblastoma cells. Pretreatment with Z-VEID-FMK, an inhibitor of caspase-6, caused significant attenuations in enzalutamide-induced morphological shrinkage, DNA damage, and apoptotic death. Taken together, this study showed that enzalutamide could significantly induce apoptotic insults to human drug-resistant and -sensitive glioblastoma cells via an intrinsic Bax-mitochondrion-cytochrome c-caspase cascade activation pathway. Enzalutamide has the potential to be a drug candidate for treating GBM by targeting the AR signaling axis.
Efficient simulation of infinite tree tensor network states on the Bethe lattice

We show that the simple update approach proposed by Jiang et al. [H. C. Jiang, Z. Y. Weng, and T. Xiang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 090603 (2008)] is an efficient and accurate method for determining the infinite tree tensor network states on the Bethe lattice. Ground-state properties of the quantum transverse Ising model and the Heisenberg XXZ model on the Bethe lattice are studied. The transverse Ising model is found to undergo a second-order quantum phase transition with a diverging magnetic susceptibility but a finite correlation length which is upper bounded by 1/ln(q - 1) even at the transition point (q is the coordinate number of the Bethe lattice). An intuitive explanation on this peculiar "critical" phenomenon is given. The XXZ model on the Bethe lattice undergoes a first-order quantum phase transition at the isotropic point. Furthermore, the simple update scheme is found to be related with the Bethe approximation. Finally, by applying the simple update to various tree tensor clusters, we can obtain rather nice and scalable approximations for two-dimensional lattices.
Continuous transition between antiferromagnetic insulator and paramagnetic metal in the pyrochlore iridate Eu 2 Ir 2 O 7

Our single crystal study of the magneto-thermal and transport properties of the pyrochlore iridate Eu2Ir2O7 reveals a continuous phase transition from a paramagnetic metal to an antiferromagnetic insulator for a sample with stoichiometry within ~1% resolution. The insulating phase has strong proximity to an antiferromagnetic semimetal, which is stabilized by several % level of the off-stoichiometry. Our observations suggest that in addition to electronic correlation and spin-orbit coupling the magnetic order is essential for opening the charge gap.
Violation of Bell’s Inequality and non‐Kolmogorovness

In this paper we would like to stress that, besides two commonly discussed conditions inducing violation of Bell’s inequality—nonlocality and death of realism—there is the third condition having the same consequence. This is the condition of probabilistic incompatibility (PI) of random variables—impossibility to realize them on a single probability space—“non‐Kolmogorovness. ” This additional source of violation of Bell’s inequality should be taken into account. We remark that PI can be a consequence of nonlocality or impossibility to use the realistic model. However, PI is essentially more general condition. Random variables can be of the PI‐type even in absence of nonolocal effects.
The degree to which principals employ electronic job performance evaluations for physical education teachers

The study's goal was to determine how frequently school principals use electronic performance files to evaluate physical education teachers' jobs. To achieve the study's objectives, a questionnaire with 30 items was created. The findings revealed that the mean of using electronic job performance evaluation was medium, with the domain of evaluation criteria having the highest average and the domain of performance file outputs having the lowest. According to the (t) test, there are significant gender differences in the degree of evaluation use with males outnumbering females in such use. We come to the conclusion that for the purpose of assessing the performance of the teacher who is on trial, the electronic performance evaluation is consulted. During the probationary period, his performance and behavior are evaluated. To be brought to his attention after each instance of him acting and performing strongly. To enhance their administrative performance and lessen their workload, teachers' job performance needs to be evaluated electronically. Keywords: Electronic Evaluation, Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Objectives, Degree of Use, Public Schools.
Preparation, Characterization and Biological Activities of an Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion from Fish By-Products and Lemon Oil by Ultrasonication Method

Fish by-product oil and lemon oil have potential applications as active ingredients in many industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food. However, the physicochemical properties, especially the poor stability, compromised the usage. Generally, nanoemulsions were used as an approach to stabilize the oils. This study employed an ultrasonication method to form oil-in-water nanoemulsion of lemon and fish by-product oils (NE-FLO). The formulation is produced at a fixed amount of 2 wt% fish by-product oil, 8 wt% lemon oil, 10 wt% surfactant, 27.7 wt% co-surfactants and 42 min of ultrasonication time. The size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential obtained were 44.40 nm, 0.077, and −5.02 mV, respectively. The biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, cell cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory, showed outstanding performance. The antioxidant activity is comparable without any significant difference with ascorbic acid as standard and is superior to pure lemon oil. NE-FLO successfully inhibits seven Gram-positive and seven Gram-negative bacterial strains. NE-FLO’s anti-inflammatory activity is 99.72%, comparable to nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) as the standard. At a high concentration of 10,000 µg·mL−1, NE-FLO is non-toxic to normal skin cells. These findings demonstrate that the NE-FLO produced in this study has significant potential for usage in various industries.
Feature selection using regression mutual information deep convolution neuron networks for COVID-19 X-ray image classification

Chest radiography (CXR) image is usually required for lung severity assessment. However, chest X-rays in COVID-19 interpretation is required expert radiologists’ knowledge. This study aims to improve the COVID-19 X-ray image classification using feature selection technique by the regression mutual information deep convolution neuron networks (RMI Deep-CNNs). The dataset consists of 219 COVID-19, 500 viral pneumonias, and 500 normal chest X-ray images. CXR images were comprehensively pre-trained using DCNNs to extract the very large image features, then, the feature selection could reduce the complexity of a model and reduce the model overfitting. Therefore, the critical features were selected using regression mutual information followed by the fully connected with softmax layer for classification. For the classification of two alternative systems, these networks were compared (ResNet152V2 and InceptionV3). The classification performance for both schemes were 92.21%, 100%, 90% and 91.39%, 100%, 82.50%, respectively. In addition, RMI Deep-CNNs not only improve the accuracy but also reduce trainable features by over 80%. This approach tends to significantly improve the computation time and model accuracy for COVID‐19 classification.
Hα3: an Hα imaging survey of HI selected galaxies from ALFALFA - VI. The role of bars in quenching star formation from z = 3 to the present epoch

A growing body of evidence indicates that the star formation rate per unit stellar mass (sSFR) decreases with increasing mass in normal main-sequence star-forming galaxies. Many processes have been advocated as being responsible for this trend (also known as mass quenching), e.g., feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and the formation of classical bulges. In order to improve our insight into the mechanisms regulating the star formation in normal star-forming galaxies across cosmic epochs, we determine a refined star formation versus stellar mass relation in the local Universe. To this end we use the Hα narrow-band imaging followup survey (Hα3) of field galaxies selected from the HI Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey (ALFALFA) in the Coma and Local superclusters. By complementing this local determination with high-redshift measurements from the literature, we reconstruct the star formation history of main-sequence galaxies as a function of stellar mass from the present epoch up to z = 3. In agreement with previous studies, our analysis shows that quenching mechanisms occur above a threshold stellar mass Mknee that evolves with redshift as ∝(1 + z) 2 . Moreover, visual morphological classification of individual objects in our local sample reveals a sharp increase in the fraction of visually classified strong bars with mass, hinting that strong bars may contribute to the observed downturn in the sSFR above Mknee. We test this hypothesis using a simple but physically motivated numerical model for bar formation, finding that strong bars can rapidly quench star formation in the central few kpc of field galaxies. We conclude that strong bars contribute significantly to the red colors observed in the inner parts of massive galaxies, although additional mechanisms are likely required to quench the star formation in the outer regions of massive spiral galaxies. Intriguingly, when we extrapolate our model to higher redshifts, we successfully recover the observed redshift evolution for Mknee. Our study highlights how the formation of strong bars in massive galaxies is an important mechanism in regulating the redshift evolution of the sSFR for field main-sequence galaxies.
Choosing Optimal Omnichannel Coupon Redeeming Options in Multiple Channel Settings

This article examines omnichannel redemption options when issuing digital coupons over social media. It investigates which channels or combinations of them provide optimal performance in terms of service-quality perception, customer satisfaction, and revenue. For that purpose, it compares three omnichannel redeeming options employing a between-participant quasi-experimental design that utilizes the primary data of a sporting goods retailer in Greece and a questionnaire as a data-collection instrument to investigate cause and effect relationships. Those three omnichannel redeeming options are analyzed in two pairwise comparisons: (a) multichannel (both online and offline) vs. offline-only (physical store), and (b) multichannel (both online and offline) vs. online-only (online store). Results reveal that while perceived service quality is essential to improve customer satisfaction, especially if satisfying the need for interaction with service employees, revenue performance depends only on the availability of multiple redemption options. Theoretical, practical, and research implications are thoroughly discussed at the end.