Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of trace compounds generated by pressurized oxygen blown entrained flow biomass gasification

Trace compounds were measured in synthesis gas and waste water from a pilot scale pressurized entrained flow oxygen blown biomass gasifier. The feedstock used was milled soft stem wood powder. Gaseous trace compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography. Up to 20 ppm of hydrogen sulfide was observed in the cold synthesis gas and the concentration seemed to be independent of the oxygen equivalence ratio (ER). Benzene varied from 30 to 1100 ppm, strongly depended on the ER and correlated well with the methane concentration. The concentrations of acetylene and ethylene increased as the ER was reduced and could have acted as precursors for the observed soot particles which were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from high temperature biomass gasification such as pyrene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and naphthalene were observed in low concentrations in the soot, in the cold synthesis gas and also in the waste water from the quench. Inorganic elements from the feedstock were observed in the waste water. Comparisons were also made with previous results from a black liquor gasifier. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 699–705, 2014
Chemical compositions of ethanolic extract and their fractions of Acacia ehrenbergiana aerial parts from Sudan

Acacia ehrenbergiana is a species of drought-resistant small tree found in the Sahara, northern Sahel, East Africa and Arabia. It is commonly known as “Salam”. It is used in Sudanese Traditional Medicine for treatment of various ailments and diseases. The objectives of this work is to provide answers to impending research questions on compounds present in ethanolic extract and their partitioned solvents, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of the aerial parts of Acacia ehrenbergiana using GC/MS technique. Phytochemical analysis of plant extract and their fractions was performed by using GC/MS. Various constituents were identified after matching their mass fragmentation pattern with data available in GC/MS library of National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST). The ethanolic extract and dichloromethane fraction of aerial parts were dominated by 4-O-Methylmannose (43.34% and 45.20%) and 1,2,3-Benzenetriol (38.97% and 47.81%), respectively, as the main constituents, while the ethyl acetate fraction was dominated by phenol,2,2-methylene, bis{6-(1,1-dimethyl (23.15%), arachidic acid (21.29%) and hexane,2,3,4-trimethyl- (11.5%). In this study, the constituents of ethanolic extract and their fractions of Acacia ehrenbergiana aerial parts were chemically investigated using GC/MS technique. The resulted compounds provide evidence for the utilization of the plant as alternative natural resource of medicinal and industrial interest.
Influence of cadmium on decomposition of sewage sludge and microbial activities in soils

In the present study the influence of the addition of Cd on respiration, N mineralization, the microbial population, and enzyme activities was investigated in five soils amended with sewage sludge. This paper reports the results obtained and discusses the effect of Cd on the mineralization of C and N from the viewpoints of soluble-Cd concentration and microflora in the soils
High-cell-voltage supercapacitor of carbon nanotube/carbon cloth operating in neutral aqueous solution

Dense and entangled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly grown on the carbon cloth (CC) have been employed as hierarchical supercapacitor electrodes in neutral aqueous electrolyte of Na2SO4. XPS and Raman results show the CNTs with large amounts of oxygen functionalities and high degree of disorder, respectively, after treatment of electrochemical oxidation. The voltammograms and galvanostatic charge/discharge are performed to probe the capacitive characteristics of CNTs/CC electrode. Moreover, the symmetric supercapacitor of CNTs/CC exhibits an excellent cyclability over 10 000 cycles and high energy density of 27.8 Wh kg−1, with a wide cell potential of 2 V and a large specific capacitance of 210 F g−1.
A novel high-performance poly-silicon thin film transistor with a self-aligned thicker sub-gate oxide near the drain/source regions

Poly-Si TFTs with this new structure have been successfully fabricated and the results demonstrate a higher on-off current ratio of 5.9/spl times/10/sup 6/ and also shows the off-state leakage current 100 times lower than those of the conventional ones at V/sub GS/=-15 V and V/sub DS/=10 V. Only four photo-masking steps are required and fully compatible with the conventional TFT fabrication processes. This novel structure is a good candidate for the further high-performance large-area device applications.
Vibrational studies of alkali metal hexatungstates

Raman and IR studies of potassium, rubidium and cesium hexatungstate single crystals were performed. Assignments of the observed bands are proposed. These studies confirm that the crystal structure of hexatungstates is related to the hexagonal bronze structure but it contains a large number of W atom vacancies. The vibrational properties of these compounds are similar to those of valence-balanced hexagonal tungsten bronzes obtained by partial substitution of W atoms by atoms with a lower valence. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of Monoclonal Antibodies against Caprine αS2-Casein and Their Potential for Detecting the Substitution of Ovine Milk by Caprine Milk by an Indirect ELISA

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been generated against purified caprine αS2-casein recovered from goat's milk casein by cation-exchange chromatography. Using hybridoma technology, eight MAbs reactive against whole caprine caseins were identified and characterized. All of them failed to show a significant cross-reactivity when tested against sheep and cow whole caseins and beef, horse, porcine, chicken, and soya proteins, as well as gelatin and bovine serum albumin. One of the monoclonal antibodies produced by the hybridoma cell line B2B appeared to be species monospecific and reacted only with the caprine αS2-casein fraction by immunoblotting analysis. Subsequently, MAb B2B was used in an indirect ELISA format for detection of defined amounts of goat's milk (0.5−15%) in ewe's milk (v/v) mixtures. Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies; caprine αS2-casein; goat's milk detection; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Phase transitions in tridymite studied using ‘Rigid Unit Mode’ theory, Reverse Monte Carlo methods and molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract The phase transitions in tridymite and the nature of the high-temperature phase are investigated using a combination of Rigid Unit Mode theory, neutron total scattering measurements analysed using the Reverse Monte Carlo method, and molecular dynamics simulations. The unusually large number of phase transitions in tridymite can be explained within the Rigid Unit Mode theory. The Rigid Unit Mode theory also gives an interpretation of the disordered high-temperature phase as revealed by the neutron scattering data and the molecular dynamics simulations. There is a close correspondence between the structure of the disordered high-temperature phase of tridymite and that of β-cristobalite.
Composition of the essential oil of Jurinea leptoloba growing wild in Iran

Water-distilled essential oil from the aerial parts of Jurinea leptoloba was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Thirteen components of the oil of Jurinea leptoloba characterized, representing 70.55 % of the total components detected. Non-terpenoid hydrocarbons and normal alkanes were the major components in this oil. The major constituents were identified as 6-n-butyl2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine (15.6 %) and Cyclohexene,3,5,5-trimethyl (11.26 %). 1,3-(D2)-Menth-2-ene was identified as terpenoid component in this oil.
Transferred 13C T1 Relaxation at Natural Isotopic Abundance: A Practical Method for Determining Site-Specific Changes in Ligand Flexibility upon Binding to a Macromolecule

An NMR strategy is described for measuring changes in 13C spin−lattice relaxation times (T1) of ligand molecules, at natural isotopic abundance, upon binding to macromolecules of potentially unlimited size. The rapidly reversible binding nature of a substrate-based inhibitor (BILN127SE, Ki = 5.4 μM) with the NS3 protease domain of the hepatitis C virus has been well documented and has served as an appropriate system for testing the transferred 13C T1 concept. 13C T1 relaxation, which is sensitive to motions that occur on the pico- to nanosecond time scale, were first measured for free BILN127SE. Upon addition of the protease at a 25:1 inhibitor-to-protease ratio, differential changes in the 13C T1 relaxation times of BILN127SE were observed. The equilibrium binding nature of the complex, results in a transfer of T1 relaxation information of the ligand from the bound to the free state where it is more easily detected. The relative changes in 13C T1 relaxation provides a qualitative insight into the site-sp.
The Influence of Graphene Curvature on Hydrogen Adsorption: Towards Hydrogen Storage Devices

The ability of atomic hydrogen to chemisorb on graphene makes the latter a promising material for hydrogen storage. Based on scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, we report on site-selective adsorption of atomic hydrogen on convexly curved regions of monolayer graphene grown on SiC(0001). This system exhibits an intrinsic curvature owing to the interaction with the substrate. We show that at low coverage hydrogen is found on convex areas of the graphene lattice. No hydrogen is detected on concave regions. These findings are in agreement with theoretical models which suggest that both binding energy and adsorption barrier can be tuned by controlling the local curvature of the graphene lattice. This curvature-dependence combined with the known graphene flexibility may be exploited for storage and controlled release of hydrogen at room temperature making it a valuable candidate for the implementation of hydrogen-storage devices.
Produtividade da cana-de-açúcar em relação a clima e solos da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo

This work was based on six experiments carried out in the northwestern region of the state of Sao Paulo, using six common varieties of sugarcane. The soil of each locality was classified and both deformed and undeformed samples of soils were collected in a 150 cm deep profile, by horizon, for chemical, physical and physico-hydric characterization. Data on climate and sugarcane plant-cane yield for the 96/97 harvest season were also collected. To determine which factors were better correlated with productivity, group analysis and multiple linear regressions and correlations were determined for the different groups of data concerning site and variety. The chemical, physical and hydric characteristics of the undersurface (B) layer presented significant correlations with the crop yield; the "stepwise" procedure selected Ca from the B layer as the variable that best correlated with the sugarcane yield; the water regime of the soils were an important parameter to evaluate the yield potential of soils; the eutrofic Podzolic soils showed the highest yield potential capacity in the region.
AVAILABILITY OF APPLIED HEAVY METALS AS A FUNCTION OF TYPE OF SOIL MATERIAL AND METAL SOURCE

For this investigation, we applied the heavy metals Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, as sulfate salts and as lime-stabilized, digested Washington, D.C., sewage sludge, to surface and subsurface horizon materials of six Maryland soils in the greenhouse. Rates of metal addition were equivalent to field rates of 224 metric tons (t)/ha of the sludge. Soil metal levels were monitored by extraction with DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid buffered at pH 7.3). Corn (Zea mays L.) was grown for 30 d, 13 mo after treatment application, and the tissue was analyzed for metals. The mean final pH values across all soil materials were 6.3 and 6.2 for the metal-salt-treated and sludge-treated soil materials, respectively, and 6.4 for the control treatment. Compared with limed and fertilized controls, yields of plant material were generally enhanced by sludge and suppressed by metal salts. Tissue levels of both Cd and Zn were considerably elevated, compared with the limed control, by both metal salts and sludge, but more by the metal salts than by the sludge. In general the sludge did not elevate tissue Cu and Ni, whereas metal salts slightly elevated tissue Cu and Ni with some soil materials. DTPA-extractable levels of metals were elevated by both metal salts and sludge, compared with the limed control. High-CEC soil materials and materials higher in iron and manganese “oxides” generally gave lower DTPA-extractable metal values with both metal salts and sludge and the lowest levels of tissue metals with metal salt treatment. However, this relationship did not hold for tissue metal levels with sludge-treated soil materials. An interaction between type of soil material and source of metal on plant tissue metal levels was observed. Essentially inert soil materials, such as the Evesboro (Typic Quartzipsamment), tended to produce tissue with the highest metal levels when metal-salt-treated, but with the lowest metal levels when sludged. Conversely, reactive soil materials, such as the Myers-ville (a fine loamy Ultic Hapludalf quite rich in vermiculite and iron and manganese “oxides”), tended to produce tissue with relatively lower levels of metals than other materials when metal-salt-treated, but with relatively high levels when sludged. Thus, although the data from the metal-salt-amended soil materials suggested that sandy, lower CEC soils are less suitable for heavy-metal-bearing wastes than finer higher CEC soils, tissue metal levels from the sludge-amended soil materials did not agree with this suggestion.
Dual Potentiating and Inhibitory Actions of a Benz[e]indene Neurosteroid Analog on Recombinant α1β2γ2 GABAA Receptors

Benz[e]indenes are tricyclic analogs of neuroactive steroids and can be modulators of GABAA receptor activity. We have examined the mechanisms of action of the benz[e]indene compound [3S-(3α,3aα,5aβ,7β,9aα,9bβ)]-dodecahydro-7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3a-methyl-1H-benz[e]indene-3-carbonitrile (BI-2) using single-channel patch-clamp and whole-cell recordings from human embryonic kidney cells transfected with rat GABAA receptor α1, β2, and γ2L subunits. The data demonstrate that BI-2 is a positive modulator of GABAA receptor activity with a peak effect at 2 μM. The mechanism of modulation is similar but not identical to that of neuroactive steroids. Similar to steroids, BI-2 acts by prolonging the mean open time duration through an effect on the duration and prevalence of the longest open time component. However, in contrast to many steroids, BI-2 does not selectively reduce the channel closing rate. The potentiating action of BI-2 seems to be mediated through interactions with the classic neuroactive steroid binding site. Mutation to the membrane-spanning region in the α1 subunit Q242W and the double mutation α1N408A/Y411F, previously shown to abolish potentiation by neurosteroids, also diminish potentiation by BI-2. At higher concentrations (>5 μM), BI-2 inhibits receptor function by enhancing the apparent rate of desensitization. From single-channel recordings, we estimate that the entry rate into the inhibited or blocked state, k+B, is 0.50 μM-1 s-1. Based on the kinetic mechanism of action, and the finding that this effect is blocked by the α1V256S mutation, we propose that BI-2 acts through an inhibitory site first postulated for the inhibitory neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate.
Characterization of the Microstructure of Poly(propylene oxide)–Segmented Polyamide and Its Suppression of Platelet Adhesion

The relationship between microphase-separated structures and antithrombogenicities of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)–segmented polyamides of various polyamide segment lengths was studied. Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed fibrillar lamella structures to be present on the copolymer surfaces. Dynamic mechanical and thermal scanning measurements showed the existence of two mechanical relaxations attributable to micro-Brownian motions of the PPO and polyamide segments, indicating that the PPO and polyamide segments formed distinctly separated microdomain structures. Moreover, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicated these copolymers to be different in their microstructures with respect to size and distribution of crystalline and amorphous domains even though the crystalline structure was essentially the same as that of nylon 610. The degree of platelet adhesion and aggregation was significantly minimized on the surface of the copolymer, in which the average diameter of the crystalline and amorphous domains were 6.42 nm and 5.18 nm, respectively. This suggests that the size of segmented polyamide microdomains may be a determining factor in antithrombogenicity.
Alkaline Pretreatment: A Potential Tool to Explore Kallar Grass (Leptochloa fusca) as a Substrate for Bio-Fuel Production

In present study, the substrate kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca) was treated with alkali to explore its best possible use as a cheap substrate for bio-fuel production. In the beginning, physically processed kallar grass was soaked in various concentrations of NaOH (0.5% to 3%) for different soaking times (30min to 48h). The results showed that cellulose contents and delignification increased with the increase in concentration of alkali and soaking time. However, maximum cellulose content (40.17%) was observed with 2.5% NaOH after 24 h of soaking period. In physiochemical pretreatment, the substrate was soaked for 2h in alkaline solution having various concentrations (0.5 % to 3%) of NaOH and thereafter autoclaved at 121°C for 20 to 60min. Maximum cellulose content (58%) was achieved with 2.5% alkali solution at 121°C after 60 min while delignification was found 52%. All these results of the present study indicate that suitable concentration of alkali as well as autoclaving period at specific temperature is very much crucial to expose maximum cellulosic contents prior to employing kallar grass as a substrate for bio-fuel production.
Electronic absorption spectrum of cold naphthalene cation in the gas phase by photodissociation of its van der Waals complexes

The electronic absorption spectrum of the naphthalene cation has been obtained in conditions relevant for comparison with the diffuse interstellar bands in astrophysics, i.e., cold species in the gas phase. The novel technique consisting to photodissociate a selectively R2P2CI-prepared PAH–argon van der Waals complex in a molecular beam [Ph. Brechignac and T. Pino, Astron. Astrophys. 343, L49 (1999)] has been used. The various aspects of the method are described in detail. The whole visible range has been explored revealing two electronic transitions displaying 28 vibronic bands. Absolute absorption cross sections have also been measured, and found much larger than reported from rare gas matrices studies. The additional information on the matrix-induced or complex-induced shifts and widths, and on the intramolecular and intermolecular processes involved in these species, is discussed. No definite conclusion about the possible presence of the cation in space can be drawn so far.
Evaluating Environmental Pollution by Applying Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as Bioindicators of Water Pollution in Fish

Antioxidant enzyme activities of fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) were determined in order to detect the effects of pollution of the Sitnica River in Kosovo on fish physiology and biochemistry. Activities of three antioxidant defense enzymes as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the blood of fish were chosen as bioindicators. Fish (n=21) were sampled during March-May and AugustSeptember 2010-12 from Ferizaj, Vragoli, and Plemetin (Sitnica River). Plasmatic CAT, SOD, and GST were significantly higher (P<0.001) in fish from polluted Vragoli and Plementin sites than Ferizaj. Ferizaj is a source of the river site, so is less contaminated than the two other sites. These three enzymes constitute a sensitive biochemical bioindicator and can be used for detection of chemical pollution in fish. Based on results of our research we can conclude that the Sitnica River is polluted mainly by industrial and urban discharge of liquid waste products. As a consequence, legal actions need to be taken in order to prevent environmental pollution on the site.
RP- HPLC FOR THE DETECTION OF FLAVONOIDS IN THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF DOLICHANDRONE ATROVIRENS SPRGUE BARK

Dolichandrone atrovirens is belongs to the family Bignoniaceae. It is deciduous tree, upto 6 m tall, pinnate leaves, leaflets velvety and wavy.The Flowers are a white, borne in cymes in leaf axils. Fruit capsule is up to a foot long, brown, ribbed, seed winged. This plant bark was used for cancer treatment by Malayali tribes in Boda hills. The aim of the study was to identify the flavonoids in the methanol extract of Dolichandrone atrovirens bark by comparing with the standards using the method of RP- HPLC. Separation was achieved using a Column: Symmetry C18 (5µm, 4.6 *250nm) and using a mobile phase of Solvent A- Water-Acetic acid(25:1) and Solvent BMethanol. The analysis revealed the presence of Gallic acid, Caffeic acid, Rutin, Quercetin and Ferulic acid in the methanol extract of Dolichandrone atrovirens bark.
The microwave spectrum of an unstable molecule, HPO

The HPO molecule was identified by its microwave spectrum in the reaction of PH3 with microwave discharge products of an H2/O2 mixture; the a‐type R branch transitions of J=1 ← 0 up to 4 ← 3 were observed in the frequency region of 40 to 162 GHz. High‐ K lines showed small splittings due to the phosphorus nuclear spin‐rotation interaction. In addition to the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants, the observed spectrum yielded the nuclear spin‐rotation tensor, the aa component which is −1.12 (37) MHz with 2.5 standard errors in parentheses. This large interaction is discussed in terms of second‐order perturbation theory.