Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Central Composite Design to Optimize Spawns Propagation

Despite the increased recognition of the nutritional value of the Oyster mushroom, coupled with its ability to tolerate a wide range of climatic conditions, its production is still at infancy stage with low adoption rate in Kenya. The low uptake could be attributed to the cost of spawns or lack of skills for spawns preparations coupled with poor knowledge on oyster mushroom consumption benefits. The objective of this study was to optimize Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) spawns production. To achieve the objective, the spawns propagation was optimized by varying the temperature level, sterilization time and culture media concentration in order to establish the feasible levels which minimized the days of mycelium full development using central composite designs. Based on the study findings, 26.29˚C, 17.36 minutes and 60.95 g/L of temperature level, sterilization time and culture media concentration levels respectively minimized the days to full coverage of mycelium in a petri dish. Central composite designs for controlling temperature, sterilization time and culture media concentration were recommended for spawns maximum production. A further research on multiple response optimizations aimed at achieving resistance to bacterial diseases and yield by varying the strain in the culture were recommended.
Corporate Growth Strategies and Performance of Selected Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Nairobi City County, Kenya

The dynamic nature of business operating environment has called on business leaders to be strategic in their leadership roles if they are to sustain their competitiveness into the unforeseen future. Growth is important in Sacco’s because it is future oriented establishing ways in which the organizational operations can be aligned to future changes in the business environment to ensure that competitiveness is sustained. The SACCOs in Kenya have experienced problems in the past; some even shutting down therefore there is need for customer growth to be enhanced so as to increase their incomes so as to sustain the business. These SACCOs have to look for leaders and managers who can develop future targets, direct and lead other staffs towards meeting the firm’s objective and gaining a competitive edge. The aim of this study was an assessment of corporate growth strategies and performance in savings and cooperative societies in Kenya, Nairobi County. The study sought to determine the influence of market expansion, diversification strategies and acquisition strategies. The study target population was 41 licensed SACCOs in Nairobi County. The study used primary data to collect information, and the data collection instrument was a questionnaire which was given to the 41 operations managers in the 41 selected SACCOs. The data collection procedure was done by the researcher and drop-and-pick strategy will be applied. The data was coded and keyed in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 23.0), and was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. For descriptive statistics was through mean scores, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages, while the inferential statistics was through regression analysis to establish the relationship between strategic leadership and customer growth. The findings were presented in tables and charts for easy understanding, interpreting, and describing the data. The study established that market expansion, diversification strategies and acquisition strategies as corporate growth strategies had a positive and significant effect on the performance of SACCOs in Nairobi City County. The study concluded that the SACCOs significantly employed market expansion strategies through improved branch network, customer base enhancement, new distribution channels and technological innovation. The study concluded that the SACCOs embraced a hybrid of the main diversification strategies, diverse products and services significantly. It was concluded that to a little extent the selected SACCOs in Nairobi City County have employed acquisition as a corporate growth strategy. The study recommends that the SACCOs should embrace integrate technology in the implementation of corporate growth strategies to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Further studies should be undertaken to establish the effect of corporate growth strategies on the performance of other SACCOs in other regions to establish the disparities or similarities among the financial sector players.
Effect of Rational-Emotive Distress Management Intervention on Work-Related Emotional Distress among Primary Healthcare Workers

Emotional distress is associated with irrational beliefs, psychopathological conditions, and maladaptive behaviors. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rational-emotive distress management intervention -REDMI on work-related emotional distress among primary healthcare workers -PHCWs in Nigeria. A pretest-posttest randomized control group design was adopted by the investigators. Using convenient sampling procedure, 52 PHCWs were studied. These participants were assigned to either treatment (n=26) or control (n=26) groups respectively. Only the treatment group received rational-emotive distress management intervention. The profile of emotional distress –PED (internal consistency=0.94) was used for the pretest and posttest data collection. The IBM SPSS version 22 was employed for all statistical data analysis. The study participants in treatment group scored lower (10.87±2.63) in the posttest measure when compared to pretest scores (18.24±2.88). This implied that REDMI was effective in managing work-related emotional distress in a sample of primary healthcare workers in Nigeria. The REDMI is effective in managing work-related emotional distress among PHCWs in Nigeria. Professionals and experts in emotional health are therefore encouraged to adopt management intervention programs such as REDMI in helping workers and clients to manage emotional distress.Emotional distress is associated with irrational beliefs, psychopathological conditions, and maladaptive behaviors. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rational-emotive distress management intervention -REDMI on work-related emotional distress among primary healthcare workers -PHCWs in Nigeria. A pretest-posttest randomized control group design was adopted by the investigators. Using convenient sampling procedure, 52 PHCWs were studied. These participants were assigned to either treatment (n=26) or control (n=26) groups respectively. Only the treatment group received rational-emotive distress management intervention. The profile of emotional distress –PED (internal consistency=0.94) was used for the pretest and posttest data collection. The IBM SPSS version 22 was employed for all statistical data analysis. The study participants in treatment group scored lower (10.87±2.63) in the posttest measure when compared to pretest scores (18.24±2.88). This implied that REDMI was effective in managing work-related emotional distress in a sample of primary healthcare workers in Nigeria. The REDMI is effective in managing work-related emotional distress among PHCWs in Nigeria. Professionals and experts in emotional health are therefore encouraged to adopt management intervention programs such as REDMI in helping workers and clients to manage emotional distress.
Survival and failure of Brazilian credit unions : a n analysis of corporate governance characteristics

We aim in this paper to understand the link between corporate governance characteristics and the discontinuity of Brazilian credit unions, investigating if these characteristics affect their strategy of exiting the market. The information on the discontinuity was collected at the Brazilian Central Bank, and corporate governance variables, such as duality and board size, for instance, were withdrawn from bylaw then-current in 2016. The final sample comprises 44 discontinued and 1,006 continued credit unions. Using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, we perform tests to verify the statistical differences between those groups. Despite finding statistical differences in some of the corporate governance characteristics, it is noteworthy that age and size seem to have a greater effect on the discontinuity. Moreover, apparently, the cost of compliance imposed by regulatory bodies might influence the credit unions in different ways. This suggests possibilities for further research on this topic, such as the role of member heterogeneity on corporate governance structures and discontinuity.
Risk Factors of Non-typhoidal Salmonella Bacteremia versus Typhoidal Salmonella Bacteremia in Patients from a General Hospital in Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia: a five-year Review

Salmonella infections including Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and enteric fever are important global public health problem, causing approximately 94 million human cases of gastroenteritis with 150,000 deaths annually around the globe. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for NTS bacteremia patients compared to Typhoidal patients in Indonesia, area with high incidence of enteric fever. This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Siloam Hospital in Karawaci, Indonesia, from January 2011 to December 2015. Logistic regression model was used to determine independent predictors of NTS bacteremia including demographic and epidemiologic characteristics, clinical presentations, and laboratory results. Out of 129 positive isolates for Salmonella with complete medical records, 18 (13.9%) were positive for NTS. Patients with NTS bacteremia were more likely to belong in the age group below 5 or above 60 year-old, more frequent to have anemia and abnormal leucocyte count. The susceptibility patterns against antimicrobial of NTS bacteremia and Typhoidal bacteremia were similar. In logistic regression analysis, age below 5 or above 60 year-old, hemoglobin level below 12 g/dL and leucocyte count below 4,000/µL or above 12,000/µL were independent risk factors for NTS bacteremia.
Effect of Chemical Mutagens on Some Morphological and Yield Components Traits of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L)

THIS INVESTIGATION was carried out to induce the mutations in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) at the Experimental and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University. Two wheat geno.types were treated with different concentrations of di methyl sulfoxide and sodium azide (NaN3). The highest grain yield/ plant (81.27g and 80.56g) were obtained from Sids 14 treated with either (di- methyl sulfoxide at 2000ppm) or sodium azide at 6000ppm. The untreated plant Sids 14 gave 39.23g. The variety Sids 14 was more productive than Misr 1 induction of stable promising mutants according to the final results at M2 especially with respect to high grain yield/ plant. In general, Sids 14 was more response to chemicals treatment for 1000 grains weight than Misr 1 and gave higher 1000 grains weight. Sids 14 di methyl sulfoxide 1, Sids 14 DMS2, Sids 14 Sodium Azide1 , Sids 14 Azide2 and Sids 14 Azide3 gave (58.27,55g). The geno.types Misr1 Azide 3 (2, 3 and 6) were short but the genotypes Sids 14 DMS1 (3 and 7) were tall, while the genotypes Sids 14 DMS1 (5 and 6) were very tall in both M1 and M2. In spite of the high 1000 grain weights variety Sids 14 gave the highest grains no./ spike 72, Sids 14 Azide3 and Sids 14 DMS1 giving 88.33 and 87.44 grains, respectively. Mutants Sids 14 Azide3 and Sids 14 DMS1 surpassed the original plants in grain no. spike by 22.68% and 21.44%, respectively. There was a significant and positive correlation between yield and spike no./ plant, spikelet no./ spike and grain/ spike across both varieties and generations. There was a low correlation coefficient between grain yield/ plant and 1000 grain weights (0.016) and the negative correlation between grain yield/ plant and plant height (cm).
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOFT WHITE CHEESE (DOMIATI CHEESE) SOLD IN KAFR EL- SHEIKH GOVERNORATE

A total of one hundred samples of soft white cheese (Domiati cheese) which produced by modern and primitive factories were collected from dairy shops and supermarkets in Kafr El-Sheikh and Desuq cities(25 samples each of modern and primitive factories from each city). The samples were collected aseptically in sterile polyethylene bags, placed in an insulated icebox and transferred to the laboratory with a minimum of delay. Each sample was divided into three parts, first one prepared for organoleptic inspection, the second for chemical examination while the third one taken for microbiological examination. The study revealed that all the samples examined from Kafr El-Sheikh and Desuq cities and produced from modern factories were accepted organoleptically, chemically and microbiologically, while 28 % from both cities and produced from primitive factories were rejected organoleptically. Regarding the chemical analysis 52%, 20 % and 24 % of the examined samples from Kafr El-Sheikh city and 56%, 28% and 36% from Desuq city were rejected due to hading moisture %, fat/ dry matter % and protein % respectively, more than the limits recommended by Egyptian standard for Domiati cheese 1008 - 3/2005. Concerning the microbiological examination 60 %, 48 % and 60 % of the examined samples from Kafr El-Sheikh city and 72 %, 72% and 92% from Desuq city were rejected due to contamination with mould, yeast and coliforms counts respectively, more than the permissible limits of the aforementioned standard. Moreover, Salmonellae, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes to be detected from all the samples examined from both cities and produced either from modern or primitive factories. So the study prove that Domiati cheese produced from modern factories were safe for human consumption while those produced from primitive factories unsafe. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be adopted during production of such product.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Audit Market Structure and Audit Fees Charged to Brazilian Companies

How to Cite (APA)_________________________________________________________ Schnidger, C. , Costa, C. M. , & Pereira, V. B. (2020). Analysis of the Relationship Between Audit Market Structure and Audit Fees Charged to Brazilian Companies. Journal of Accounting, Management and Governance, 23 (2), 235255. http://dx.doi. org/10.21714/1984-3925_2020v23n2a6 _____________________________________ Received: September 25, 2019 Revised: February 14, 2020 Accepted: April 6, 2020 Published: July 15, 2020 ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of market structure on audit fees, based on industrial economics theories. Method: We use a Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model in which audit fees is a dependent variable and concentration measures, market share and leadership, and a proxy for audit quality are the main independent variables. The population was composed by the companies listed on Brazil Stock Exchange – B3, from 2010 to 2015, resulting in a sample with 1,663 observations in the period. Originality/Relevance: This research explores different metrics of market structure and control variables for a sample and period not previously analyzed in the Brazilian literature. The article addresses a relevanttopic for competition regulatory agencies, clients of audit firms and external users of financial statements. Results: The results confirmed the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between market concentration and the audit fees, even when considering only the group of big firms. Evidence shows the existance of value to the brand and possible search for quality in auditing by publicly traded companies. We also found a positive relationship between audit fees and earnings management, contrary to the predicted hypothesis. Theoretical/Methodological contributions: The results showed that firms with higher market share charged higher audit fees to their clients. Among the big firms, the leader has significantly higher audit fees than the other firms. In addition, the positive relationship between audit fees and earnings management may mean that the audit firms charge higher amounts for those clients who practice management more intensively.
Antioxidant enzyme status on rat after date seeds (Phoenix dactylifera) steeping treatment

Background: Free radicals can damage normal cells thereby accelerating aging. Endogen antioxidant enzymes play an important role in inhibiting the oxidation rate of free radicals. This study aimed to assess the effect of date seed steeping on the indigenous antioxidant enzymes status in rats induced by alloxan. Methods: This research used pre and post-test with control group design. A total of 30 rats were randomized to six groups. There were the treatment groups with different dosage of date seeds steeping (0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1) g/kg, positive control group with vitamin C 1 g/kg per day and negative control group. Deglet Noor date seeds variant were cleaned and dried and was roasted and mashed. Examination of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were conducted in accordance of the research of Castenmiller et al., (1999). Data were analyzed by Anova and continued by post-hoc test. Results: The results showed that GPx and SOD levels increased significantly. There were differences in SOD and GPx activity between the groups after treatment of date seed steeping. Increasing of SOD activity in the group that was given date seed steeping dose of 0.75 g/kg and vitamin C as a positive control group was comparable. The GPx activity between treatment group of date seed steeping a dose of 1 g/kg is not significantly different from positive control group. Conclusions: Date Seeds ( Phoenix dactylifera ) steeping have potential to increase antioxidant enzyme states.
Knowledge and awareness about low Covid-19 mortality rate in Germany - A survey

The recent news has all been about COVID-19 There are no vaccines or cure for this disease The main aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and awareness about the mystery behind the low Covid 19 Germany population Among south Indian population COVID-19 started in December 2019, like a viral outbreak in Wuhan city of central China Now it has become a pandemic all over the world and the world The main aim of this study is to determine the awareness level of the mystery behind low covid-19 Germany mortality rates among Chennai population-a survey Questions were prepared and distributed among participants And were distributed in an online survey The results were later obtained and carefully analysed From the results obtained and analysed the majority of the participants knew about the symptoms of COVID-19 and precautionary measures that had to be taken The participants also have knowledge of Germans’ low mortality rates during Covid 19 pan-demic From this survey, we can conclude that the Chennai population does have knowledge and awareness about the mystery behind low COVID-19 Germans mortality rates © 2020, J K Welfare and Pharmascope Foundation All rights reserved
The Relationship between domestic violence towards adolescents and their involvement in electronic bullying

This study aims to reveal the relationship between domestic violence affecting adolescents and their involvement electronic bullying, as well as the significance of differences among them, according to two variables; their gender and their parents’ level ofeducation. The study sample consisted of 213 male and female secondary schoolstudents aged 15-18 years. A scale of domestic violence and electronic bullying was designed. The study’s results indicated a statistically significant correlation between levels of domestic violence affecting adolescents; verbal, emotional and physical violence, and the average degrees of their involvement in electronic bullying. The results showed that male adolescents who were more affected bydomestic violence were more likely to be involved in electronic bullying than female adolescents. The results also showed that therewas an inverse relationship between parents’ level of education and the level of domestic violence whilst there wasa direct relationship between parents’ level of education and adolescents’ involvement in electronic bullying.
Racial Disparity in COVID-19 Deaths: Seeking Economic Roots with Census Data

Abstract This note seeks the socio-economic roots of racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality, using monthly county-level mortality, economic, and demographic data from 3140 counties through December 2020. The county-level approach shows a sharp disparity affecting all minority groups in the sample, peaking in spring or summer 2020 and then dissipating by the end of autumn. The effect disappears for Asian Americans when occupation and other controls are added, but not for other minorities; for them, the racial disparity, as long as it lasts, does not seem to be due to differences in income, poverty rates, education, occupational mix, or even access to healthcare insurance, although in April public transit use explains a large part of it. This is a puzzle, but the rapid change in the disparities over the year show that they are not immutable – an important message for future pandemics.
Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in arthritis patients attending the rheumatology department in Al-Zahraa teaching hospital in Kut city, Iraq

The frequency of hypertension and their risk factors among arthritis patients attending rheumatologydepartment in a Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Kut city, Iraq , especially in relation to gender, age, BMI , family history of hypertension, and disease activity score and lipid profile.Thehospital-based casescontrol study was conducted for patients with arthritis patients attending rheumatology departmentfor a period of 2months from the 1 st January to 1 st March 2019. Arthritis patients with hypertension were cases and those without were controls. Among the arthritis patients recruited for this study, 33.3% were males and 66.7% were females. Among these arthritis patients, 25.6%% of male patients were diagnosed with hypertension as opposed to 74.4% of female patients. Majority of arthritis patients were from urban (62.8%%) and rural (37.2%). Hypertension were most prevalent in the age group more than 50 years (62.8%) and least prevalent in the age group 41-50years (0%). The mean HDL, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL were all higher for arthritis patients with and withouthypertension.There are a significant changes in gender, family history of hypertension, and disease activity score between the study groups (P<0.05). According to the results obtained, the high prevalence of hypertension in the arthritis patients. Hypertension in arthritis patients were still found in old age groups among female. The findings of this study strengthen the case that hypertension is associated with gender, family history of hypertension, and that disease activity score.