Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concentration of hemolymph proteins during postembryonic worker development of Africanized honey bees in Brazil and Carniolans in Europe

The profiles of hemolymph protein content during postembryonic development of honey bees (Apis mellifera) were determined for the first time. Larval and pupal worker stages of Africanized honey bees in Brazil and Carniolans in Germany were studied. A rapid increase in protein concentration was found in the late larval stages, followed by a decrease in prepupae and a minimum amount near the pupal moult period. In the early pupal stages, the protein concentration increased again, and then decreased until adult eclosion. Only the first protein peak in spinning L5 was more pronounced in the Africanized honey bees. No differences between the hemolymph protein profiles of Africanized bees and Carniolans could be detected during pupal development. The duration of several larval and pupal stages was shorter in Africanized than in Carniolan workers. The data reflect the general characteristics of the Africanized biotype reared in tropical conditions exhibiting accelerated patterns of development and lower body weight at emergence in comparison to the European Apis subspecies reared in temperate conditions. The ontogenetic patterns described for hemolymph protein concentration in preimaginal honey bee development are also discussed, specifically in regard to the regulation of metamorphosis in holometabolous insects
Gonadal development in triploid Heteropneustes fossilis

Gonadosomatic index (I G ) and germ cell numbers in seminiferous tubules were significantly reduced in triploid male catfish compared with diploids. Triploid females had lower I G than diploids, with atretic follicles in their ovaries during prespawning and spawning phases.
Cultivo de cachama blanca en altas densidades y en dos sistemas cerrados

The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of red-bellied pacu, Piaractus brachypomus, to high-density in closed production systems. Nine hundred fingerlings with 44.3±26 g weight were distributed in six 4.8 m3 concrete tanks. Three tanks had zero water exchange rate (SCR), and in the other three water was connected to a bioclarifier (SRA). All tanks had strong aeration to keep solids suspended and air supply to the system. Fish were fed to satiety for 192 days with a commercial feed. Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, alkalinity, hardness, temperature and pH were measured weekly. Fish in the SCR had an average growth rate of 2.34±0.05 g per day, showed a food conversion rate of 1.5±0.06, reached a final density of 12.96±0.53 kg m-3, and a final weight of 449.5±99 g. In the SRA, fish grew at 2.33±0.03 g per day, had a food conversion rate of 1.6±0.07, reached a final average density of 12.13±1.12 kg m-3 and a final weight of 446.5±10 g. Red-bellied pacu can be grown in closed systems with zero water exchange at high culture densities.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Heading Date and Awn Length Using an Advanced Backcross Line from a Cross between Oryza sativa and O. minuta

An advanced backcross line, WH29001, was produced from a single plant from BC5F3 families derived from a cross between Oryza minuta (2n = 48, BBCC, Acc. No. 101141) as a donor parent and the O. sativa subsp. japonica cv. Hwaseongbyeo as a recurrent parent. Although WH29001 resembled Hwaseongbyeo, several traits were different from those of Hwaseongbyeo, including awn length and heading date. These differences between Hwaseongbyeo and WH29001 could be attributed to the introgressed O. minuta chromosome segments into WH29001. SSR analysis enabled to identify thirteen O. minuta-specific chromosome segments in WH29001 genome. To map and characterize QTLs for awn length and heading date, an F2:3 population from the Hwaseongbyeo/WH29001 cross was developed. The 197 F2 plants and 197 F3 families were evaluated for the two traits and the genotypes of the 197 F2 plants were determined using eighteen SSR markers located in the introgressed segments from O. minuta. QTL analysis identified two QTLs each for days to heading and awn length on chromosomes 6 and 9, respectively. The total phenotypic variance explained by these four QTLs ranged from 8.1% to 51.0% in the F3 population. Interestingly, QTLs for heading date and awn length were colocalized on chromosomes 6 and 9, respectively. Among these QTLs identified, the QTLs for heading date (dth9) and awn length (awn6) had not been detected in previous QTL studies between Oryza cultivars, indicating the existence of potentially novel alleles from O. minuta. The QTLs detected in the present study could become a valuable source of natural genetic variation underlying the evolution of rice.
Foraging and Nesting of the ‘Akikiki or Kaua‘i Creeper (Oreomystis bairdi)

Abstract The ‘Akikiki or Kaua‘i Creeper (Oreomystis bairdi) is a rare, little-known Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to the island of Kaua‘i. Its range is contracting, the population is declining, and it is a candidate for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We report an instance of foraging by excavation observed on 22 May 2006, a behavior previously unknown in this species, and on parental behavior at two nests observed on 24 May 2006 and 27 May 2007, about which there is little previous information. Both parents brought food to the nest, the male provided food for the female, and the female also foraged independently. The nesting pair in 2007 had a juvenile from a previous nest, indicating the ‘Akikiki will attempt to raise two broods. These observations are of limited extent, but even small facts can contribute to our understanding of the biology of the ‘Akikiki and causes of its decline.
Pathogenicity of the Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematode on Medfly Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: avaliar, em laboratorio, a patogenicidade de isolados de fungos e nematoides para o controle de pre-pupas e adultos de moscas-das-frutas em laboratorio e a aplicacao desses entomopatogenos em casa-de-vegetacao. Foram testadas diferentes concentracoes de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. e Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. sobre pre-pupas de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) em solo esteril e natural sob condicoes de laboratorio. Avaliou-se, em casa-de-vegetacao, a eficiencia de seis isolados de B. bassiana e M. anisopliae em pre-pupas de C. capitata com a aplicacao dos isolados selecionados na concentracao de 5x10 8 conidios/mL em solo de vasos com mudas de citros em casa-de-vegetacao. A patogenicidade do nematoide entomopatogenico, Heterorhabditis sp. (isolado IBCBn 05) foi avaliada aplicando-se 200 juvenis infectivos (JI)/pre-pupas com a mesma metodologia usada para os fungos. Estudou-se ainda transmissao dos fungos citados em adultos de C. capitata sob condicoes de laboratorio. Verificou-se que os fungos B. bassiana e M. anisopliae foram patogenicos as pre-pupas de C. capitata sendo os isolados IBCB 66 e IBCB 425 os mais virulentos, respectivamente. Heterorhabditis sp. tambem foi patogenico na concentracao aplicada. Em casa-de-vegetacao o fungo B. bassiana obteve eficiencia de controle de pre-pupas de 66,6%. Os fungos foram transmitidos na populacao de adultos de C. capitata , mesmo com apenas 10% da populacao contaminada.
Computational drug design of potential α-amylase inhibitors using some commercially available flavonoids

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the α-amylase inhibitory activity of flavonoids using in silico docking studies. In this perspective, flavonoids like biochanin, chrysin, hesperitin, morin, tricin and vitexycarpin were selected. Acarbose, a known α-amylase inhibitor was used as the stan-dard. In silico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2, based on the Lamarckian genetic algorithm principle. The results showed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between -7.20 kcal/mol to -6.21 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (-2.94 kcal/mol). Inhibition constant (5.31 µM to 27.89 µM) and intermolecular energy (-8.99 kcal/mol to -7.41 kcal/mol) of the flavonoids also coincide with the binding energy. The α-amylase inhibitory activity of the selected flavonoids was in order of tricin > hesperitin > vitexycarpin > chrysin > morin > biochanin. These molecular docking analyses could lead to the further development of potent α-amylase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjp.v9i1. 17502 Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2014; 9: 72-76
Alterações morfológicas no sistema radicular do milho induzidas por fungos micorrízicos e fósforo

The objective of this research, carried out under greenhouse conditions was to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus etunicatum and Glomus clarum) inoculation and P levels (0, 50, 100 e 200 mg/kg of soil) on maize (Zea mays L.) root system morphology, cultivar BR 201, and P plant concentration in two harvest period (18 and 104 days after sowing) in disinfested dystrophic Dark-Red Latosol. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions at Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo, in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increased root dry weight, number of first and second order lateral roots and P concentration in the plant, but decreased root/shoot dry weight ratio and number of root hairs. These effects were affected by P concentration in the soil and by mycorrhizal fungi species. Root dry weight of inoculated plants showed significative (P£0.05) correlation to root colonization to seminal and adventitious roots. Number of first and second orders lateral roots also showed significative (P£0.05) correlation to root colonization. Glomus etunicatum was most efficient in all P levels, but high P levels reduced these effects for both fungi species due to reduction on mycorrhizal colonization.
Simulation of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) recruitment with an individual‐based model and comparison with field data

An individual-based model (IBM) for the simulation of year-to-year survival during the early life-history stages of the north-east Atlantic stock of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) was developed within the EU funded Shelf-Edge Advection, Mortality and Recruitment (SEAMAR) programme. The IBM included transport, growth and survival and was used to track the passive movement of mackerel eggs, larvae and post-larvae and determine their distribution and abundance after approximately 2 months of drift. One of the main outputs from the IBM, namely distributions and numbers of surviving post-larvae, are compared with field data as recruit (age-0/age-1 juveniles) distribution and abundance for the years 1998, 1999 and 2000. The juvenile distributions show more inter-annual and spatial variability than the modelled distributions of survivors; this may be due to the restriction of using the same initial egg distribution for all 3 yr of simulation. The IBM simulations indicate two main recruitment areas for the north-east Atlantic stock of mackerel, these being Porcupine Bank and the south-eastern Bay of Biscay. These areas correspond to areas of high juvenile catches, although the juveniles generally have a more widespread distribution than the model simulations. The best agreement between modelled data and field data for distribution (juveniles and model survivors) is for the year 1998. The juvenile catches in different representative nursery areas are totalled to give a field abundance index (FAI). This index is compared with a model survivor index (MSI) which is calculated from the total of survivors for the whole spawning season. The MSI compares favourably with the FAI for 1998 and 1999 but not for 2000; in this year, juvenile catches dropped sharply compared with the previous years but there was no equivalent drop in modelled survivors.
Effects of plant‐based diets on glucose and amino acid metabolism, leptin, ghrelin and GH‐IGF system regulation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

To investigate effects on glucose and amino acid (AA) metabolism and neuroendocrine regulation of energy homoeostasis and GH-IGF system growth regulation, Atlantic salmon were fed high levels of plant protein (PP) and vegetable oil (VO) for 1 year and compared to fish fed intermediate levels or a control diet based on fish meal and fish oil. All plant-fed groups had reduced liver glucokinase mRNA and increased muscle glycogen compared to the control group. As digestible starch was highest in the control diet, the increased muscle glycogen might be related to other factors such as lower levels of lysine or higher levels of glucogenic AAs. There were minor effects on transcription of genes related to leptin, ghrelin and GH-IGF system. However, muscle growth hormone receptor was elevated in fish fed high PP, probably related to lipolytic action in these fish. Fish fed high levels of both PP and VO simultaneously had elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase and glucose and of pentose phosphate pathway enzymes. Furthermore, this group had elevated concentrations of some free AAs, especially proline. These results support interaction effects when both high levels of PP and VO are used together, which needs to be considered in the formulation of aquafeeds.
Influence of dry matter intake on faecal phosphorus losses in dairy cows fed rations low in phosphorus

Zusammenfassung Einflus der Futteraufnahme auf die Phosphor-Verluste im Kot von Milchkuhen bei Futterung von Rationen mil niedrigem Phosphorgehalt An zweimal funf Milchkuhe gleicher mittlerer Lebendmasse, die sich jedoch in der Hohe ihrer Milchleistung unterschieden, wurden der Leistung entsprechend pro Kuh und Tag 16,9 kg (Gruppe I) und 10,9 kg (Gruppe II) Trockenmasse einer Ration gleicher Zusammensetzung gefuttert. Die tagliche Phosphor-Aufnahme je Kuh betrug 37,0 g in Gruppe I und 21,5 g in Gruppe II. Zwischen beiden Gruppen zeigten sich keine Unterschiede in den Verdaulichkeiten der Rohnahrstoffe und im Gehalt an anorganischem Phosphat im Blutserum. In der neuntagigen Sammelperiode ergab sich fur die Gruppen I und II mit – 1,6 g und – 0,8 g eine nicht signifikant von 0 unterschiedliche “P-Bilanz”. Die Ausscheidung im Kot betrug fur beide Gruppen 1,2 g P je kg aufgenommener Trockenmasse. Aus den Ergebnissen wird geschlossen, das die unvermeidlichen P-Verluste im Kot von der Hohe der Trockensubstanzaufnahme abhangen und folglich in der faktoriellen Bedarfsableitung darauf bezogen werden sollten.
Transcriptional host–virus interaction of Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyceae) and EhV-86 deduced from combined analysis of expressed sequence tags and microarrays

The cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi forms frequent massive blooms and thus is important for global climate and the carbon cycle. Lytic viral infection of this alga leads to termination of blooms and therefore influences global climate. To understand the host-virus interaction of E. huxleyi an expressed sequence tag (EST) approach was used to determine changes in gene expression during viral infection. Three cDNA libraries, generated 6, 12 and 24 h after viral infection, were compared to a library from an uninfected culture by sequencing, clustering and manual annotation of 1100–1500 ESTs per library. To verify the gene expression results of the ESTs we used two-colour oligonucleotide microarrays. A total of 4480 ESTs were assembled into 1871 clusters, of which, 223 are of viral origin. Microarray expression analysis indicated that 231 out of 565 oligonucleotides of E. huxleyi changed their expression level for at least at one time point in response to viral infection. Results suggest that viral infection affects the following processes: photosynthesis, transcription and translation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (particularly glycolysis), metabolism, and signal transduction. Results of this study provide insights into the gene expression of E. huxleyi during infection by the virus EhV-86.
Bacterioplankton production in freshwater Antarctic lakes

SUMMARY 1. Bacterioplankton production was measured in the water columns of two ultraoligotrophic, freshwater Antarctic lakes (Crooked Lake and Lake Druzhby) during an annual cycle. In both lakes bacterial production, measured by the incorporation of [ 3 H] thymidine, continued in winter and showed a cycle over the year. The range of production was between 0 and 479 ng C L )1 h )1 in Crooked Lake and 0–354 ng L )1 h )1 in Lake Druzhby. 2. Abundance and mean cell volume both varied, producing marked changes in biomass during the year, with highest biomass occurring in the winter and early spring. Biomass showed similar seasonal trends in both lakes. 3. For most of the year inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus were detectable in the water columns of the lakes and were unlikely to have limited bacterial production. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was below 3000 l gL )1 . Dissolved amino acids and carbohydrates contributed 5–25% of the DOC pool in Crooked Lake and 5–64% in Lake Druzhby. Dissolved carbohydrates were consistently low, suggesting that this may have been the preferred carbon substrate for bacterioplankton. 4. Aggregate associated bacteria had higher mean cell volume, abundances and production than freely suspended bacteria in Lake Druzhby, while in Crooked Lake aggregate associated bacteria consistently had higher mean cell volumes than free bacteria, but abundance and production were on occasion higher in free bacteria compared with aggregate associated communities. 5. The data indicated that production is limited by continuous low temperatures and the limited availability of suitable DOC substrate. However, the bacterioplankton functions year round, responding to factors other than temperature.
Raiva em bovinos na Região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul: epidemiologia e diagnóstico imuno-histoquímico

A retrospective study of paralytic rabies in cattle in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, diagnosed from 1978 to 2007 by the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of the Veterinary School, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), with 77 outbreaks or isolated cases of paralytic rabies in cattle, is reported. A study of 11 outbreaks of rabies, observed from 2008 to 2010 in the same region, where 42 cattle aged 1-6 years died from a total of 686 at risk, with a clinical course of 4 to 14 days, was also made. The morbidity of all outbreaks diagnosed from 1978-2010 ranged from 0.37% to 20%; 24 cases occurred in autumn, 7 in spring, 14 in summer, and 16 in winter. The diagnosis was achieved by epidemiology, clinical signs and histological lesions. Immunohistochemistry using rabies virus polyclonal antibody was positive in all cases. In two cases non-suppurative meningoencephalitis was not observed, and the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. This technique is an important tool for the diagnosis of rabies and should be used in all suspected cases in which no evidence of encephalitis is observed.
Breeding Ecology of the Narcissus Flycatcher in North China

Abstract We studied the breeding ecology of the Narcissus Flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina elisae) in subalpine secondary broad-leaf forest near Beijing, China during 2003–2006. The Narcissus Flycatcher arrived in the breeding area at the beginning of May with first-spring males arriving later than older males. Nests of first-spring male Narcissus Flycatchers were at lower altitudes (1,271.0 ± 20.7 m) than those of older males (1,363.8 ± 22.5 m). Narcissus Flycatchers nested in diverse sites on different plant species with Betula dahurica being most commonly used. Nests of Narcissus Flycatchers were exposed and 2.5 ± 0.3 m above the ground with mean clutch size of 4.3 ± 0.2. Mean egg length was 17.2 ± 0.1 mm, mean egg width was 13.2 ± 0.1 mm. and mean egg mass was 1.5 ± 0.0 g. The mean incubation period was 13.4 ± 0.2 days and mean nestling period was 13.2 ± 0.2 days. Fledging success was 4.0 ± 0.3 fledglings per successful nest. The Narcissus Flycatcher had low breeding success (51.2%), mainly because of predation.
Avaliação das propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis compensados de Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. australis

Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar as propriedades fisicas e mecânicas de paineis compensados produzidos a partir de madeira de Toona ciliata com duas pressoes e duas gramaturas distintas, alem da influencia da inclusao de lâminas de Pinus sp. na qualidade desses paineis. Foram produzidos compensados de cinco lâminas com resina fenol-formaldeido. Os ensaios fisico-mecânicos foram realizados de acordo com as especificacoes descritas na norma ABNT 31:000.05-001/2(2001). Os resultados de densidade aparente, absorcao de agua apos 24 horas, flexao estatica (MOR e MOE) e resistencia ao cisalhamento seco na linha de cola apresentaram diferencas significativas entre os tratamentos. Todos os tratamentos apresentaram valor de MOE e MOR paralelo acima do exigido pela norma NBR 31.000. 001/2:2001, no entanto apenas os paineis com inclusao de Pinus sp. no miolo atingiram MOE e MOR perpendicular acima do estipulado pela mesma. Para os ensaios de resistencia de colagem ao esforco do cisalhamento, os paineis apresentaram valores superiores ao minimo exigido pela norma EN 314-2 (1993). Comparando-se os paineis produzidos somente com Toona ciliata, nao foi observada influencia da gramatura de cola e da pressao sobre nenhuma das propriedades fisicas e mecânicas avaliadas. A inclusao de lâminas de Pinus sp. tanto nas camadas internas quanto nas camadas externas dos paineis contribuiu para melhorar a maioria das propriedades fisicas e mecânicas.
Effect of seed rate and row spacing in seed production of Festulolium

Abstract Festulolium (×Festulolium) is a cross between the two species fescue (Festuca L.) and ryegrass (Lolium L.) and is a promising forage and seed crop. To stimulate the production of Danish organic festulolium seeds a three-year field experiment was performed from 1999 to 2002 in a ryegrass-type festulolium, Paulita, and in a fescue-type festulolium, Hykor. The objectives were to examine the influence of row spacing (12, 24, and 36 cm) and seed rate (8, 12, or 16 kg ha−1) on plant establishment, development, and seed yield. Observations of autumn and spring in-row plant densities indicated satisfactory plant establishment in all combinations of seed rate and row spacing. The number of reproductive tillers was in the range from 800 to 2200 m−2 in Paulita and from 500 to 1300 m−2 in Hykor. Row spacing had an effect on the number of reproductive tillers and in both cultivars the highest number was achieved at 12-cm row spacing. Seed yields in the Italian ryegrass type averaged from 1050 to 1150 kg ha−1 and in the tall fescue type from 650 to 800 kg ha−1. Doubling row spacing from 12 to 24 cm had no effect on seed yield in Hykor, while a further increase of row spacing to 36 cm showed a decrease in seed yield. No effect of row spacing on seed yield was observed in Paulita. Neither of the two types was affected in seed yield by seed rate. The fact that row spacing in both types can be increased to 24 cm without having a concomitant negative effect on seed yield implies that mechanical weed control is an optional management technique. Therefore our results have important implications in/for organic grass-seed production.