Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disciplinary and Nondisciplinary Outcomes of School-Based Threat Assessment in Colorado Schools

Abstract Threat assessment involves evaluating and intervening with individuals who make threats of violence. This study examined the resulting actions and outcomes of threat assessment cases in three Colorado school districts. A particular focus of the study was on potential disparities. The sample consisted of 253 threat assessment cases reported by participating school districts for the 2014–2015 academic year. In addition to disciplining students, schools implemented a variety of nondisciplinary actions in response to threat assessment, including mental health services, behavior support plans, and referrals for a special education evaluation. Analyses found no disparities in any outcomes, including disciplinary actions among Black, Hispanic, and White students receiving a threat assessment. There were also no significant differences between students with and without disabilities. These findings are promising in light of documented exclusionary discipline disparities and have implications for both the use of threat assessment as a violence prevention strategy and school discipline reform. Impact Statement Findings of the current study indicate that more than half of Colorado students who received a threat assessment were subsequently disciplined in some way. Most students also received nondisciplinary actions such as mental health counseling. No differences in threat assessment outcomes were observed based on race/ethnicity or disability status.
Isolation and screening of lipopeptide biosurfactant producing bacterium and its identification

Lipopeptide biosurfactant can be applied in industrial production.Twenty eight samples are collected from the petrol-oil-contaminated soil and water near the Baling Petrochemical Branch of SINOPEC Corporation.After the whole process of enrichment culture,blood-plate treatment and surface tension detection,OW-097-a kind of lipopeptide biosurfactant producing bacterium is screened out.OW-097 can reduce the viscosity of fermentation liquor into 42.6 mN/m,and the final product is identified as lipopeptide biosurfactant through thin layer chromatography.With the help of microscope,it is found out that this grain can produce spore,therefore,it is identified as bacillus.
High Baseline SHBG, as an Independent Predictor, Was Associated With High Ovulation: a Secondary Analysis of PCOSAct

Background: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is related to several human systems such as reproductive system and endocrine system. SHBG binds to testosterone and estradiol, therefore we explored ethe role of SHBG on reproductive process. Methods: We carried out secondary analysis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Acupuncture Clinical Trail (PCOSAct) at 21 sites in China, comprising a total of 1000 women with PCOS. A total of 954 women with baseline homocysteine (HCY) were included in the study. Results: Multivariate analysis of predictors of ovulation showed that age, body mass index (BMI), estradiol (E2), total testosterone (T) and SHBG are predictors of ovulation (P=0.0211, 0.0011, 0.0211, 0.0029, 0.0434) whereas luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio is negatively correlated with ovulation (P=0.0539). A multivariate logistic regression model (MLRM) of all baseline serum parameters showed the strongest predictive ability for ovulation, followed by MLRM without SHBG. In addition to treatment, baseline SHBG was the strongest single predictor for ovulation. Patients in higher SHBG quartile showed significantly higher ovulation rate (HR=1.138; 95%CI [1.054,1.229], P=0.0009). Notably, significance was observed after adjustment for testosterone (HR=1.139, 95%CI [1.055,1.229], P=0.0009). However, quartiles of T, free testosterone (FT) and E2 all showed no correlation with ovulation. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that high SHBG is positively correlated with high ovulation, conception and pregnancy rates. Conclusions: Higher baseline SHBG is associated with higher ovulation rate and is an independent predictive marker.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT01573858). Registered 10 April 2012, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01573858? cond=NCT01573858&draw=2&rank=1.
Raisins Preserve Thyroid Gland Function and Structure in an Animal Model of Hypercholesterolemia

Background: Statins are among the first line of pharmacological treatment of lipid disorders and lowering serum cholesterol, but they have many side effects. Aim: The study aim was to evaluate the role of raisins in protecting the thyroid function and structure in a rat model of hypercholesterolemia, through biochemical and histopathological investigation. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each) of albino rats included the control, high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed for 13 weeks and HCD plus Raisins were included in this study. Blood levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, lipids, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, T4, oxidants/anti-oxidants were assessed. Thyroid gland was processed and examined histopathologically using light and electron microscopy. Results: Feeding HCD resulted in hypercholesterolemia in rats after 13 weeks as evidence by lipid profile. Ingestion of raisins along with HCD resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the levels of insulin, blood glucose, thyroxine (T4) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while the levels of TSH, T3 and total anti-oxidant capacity significantly (P < 0.001) elevated. Raisins histologically alleviated the HCD-induced structural changes in the thyroid glands that included degenerated mitochondria and increased lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Conclusions: Simultaneous administration of raisins along with HCD, administrated for a short time, could modulate the negative effect on thyroid gland structure and function.
Quality Characteristics of White Cheese (Jibna-beida) Produced Using Camel Milk and Mixture of Camel Milk and Cow Milk

The objective of the present study was to assess the quality characteristics of white cheese produced using raw camel milk, and a mixture of camel milk and cow milk (1:1). The results show that the moisture, ash, protein, fat, lactose, total soluble solids (TSS) and pH of camel and cow raw milk were 87.31±3.20% and 85.00±0.07%, 1.95± 0.07% and 2.880±0.01%, 2.880±0.01% and 3.29±1.5%, 2.61±0.01% and 2.77±0.02%, 4.85±0.02% and 4.97±0.01%, 12.69±3.2% and 15.00±0.07%, 6.71±0.02 and 6.75±0.01, respectively. Cheeses were prepared by acidification using10% citric acid and by adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter culture (5%). The cheese prepared by using starter culture had higher contents of protein, fat, total solids and minerals calcium, sodium and potassium. The sensory evaluation indicated that all cheeses were highly accepted by the panelists with preference to the cheese prepared by using starter culture which had been liked more as compared to that prepared by acidification process. It can be concluded that production of an acceptable quality white cheese (Jibna-beida) from a mixture of camel milk and cow milk is feasible. As camel cheese properties were improved by fortification of cow milk, the present study recommended production of cheese from camel milk and cow milk in order to obtain good quality product.
Monitoring and Recording Changes in Natural Landscapes: A Case Study from Two Coastal Wetlands in SE Italy

This study analyzed and evaluated the changes that occurred in two coastal wetlands, characterized by complex and fragmented landscape patterns, in Southern Italy, which were monitored over a period of seven years from 2007 to 2014. Furthermore, the performances of two Land Cover (LC) and habitat taxonomies, compared for their suitability in mapping the identified changes, were assessed. A post-mapping method was adopted to detect the habitat/LC changes that occurred in the study period. Various changes were identified, both inter-class changes (class conversions) and intra-class changes (class modifications), and quantified by means of transition matrices. Conversions were easily mapped, while the modification mapping depended on the taxonomy adopted: the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) allowed the detection of morpho-structural changes in woody vegetation, but the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) showed a higher thematic resolution for the salt marsh types. The detected changes were related to specific impacts, pressures and underlying factors. Landscape indices highlighted different trends in landscape richness and complexity in the two sites. Changes are occurring very quickly in the observed coastal sites and the ongoing dynamics are strictly related to their small size and complexity. For effective monitoring and detection of change in these environments, the coupling of EUNIS and LCCS is suggested.
Parental involvement in early childhood classrooms: Turkish teachers’ views and practices

The purpose of this study was to understand Turkish early childhood teachers’ views and practices of parent involvement (PI). Qualitative research design was utilized for this research by asking five open-ended research questions to one hundred female teachers who work in the public preschools. The results of the study indicated that teachers apply various forms of parental involvement considering Epstein (1995) six type of parent involvement model. The findings suggest that while volunteering in the classroom was the most common PI, on the other hand decision making was one of the least PI form that teachers used. The results highlighted that teachers’ aims to involve parents are relevant to their thinking of beneficial outcomes for children, families, and teachers. Majority of teachers think that parental involvement is very high in their classrooms and they have significant role in that because they are very intent in informing parents, or organizing the activities. According to the teachers, some of the obstacles of parental involvement are; families education level, having multiple children in the family, fathers’ absence in classroom activities, parents unwillingness to do the homework, parents not participating in seminars, lack of space and crowded classrooms.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on opioid consumption and pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Introduction The clinical evidence on dexmedetomidine (DEX) for postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption remains unclear in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Aim To evaluate whether DEX could reduce opioid consumption and pain control after LC. Material and methods A meta-analysis search of EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane CENTRAL databases was performed and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DEX with control for adult patients undergoing LC were searched. The primary outcome was opioid consumption in the first 24 h after the operation. The secondary outcomes were the time of first request of analgesia, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores 24 h after the operation, the incidence of patients’ need for rescue analgesics, opioid-related adverse effects, DEX-related adverse effects and other complications. Results There were fourteen aspects of twelve trials and 967 patients included in the analysis. DEX use significantly reduced the opioid consumption in the first 24 h after the operation (weighted mean difference (WMD), –19.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), –30.29 to –8.04; p = 0.0007), lengthened the time of first request of analgesia (WMD = 38.90; 95% CI: 0.88–76.93; p = 0.04) and lowered post-operative nausea or vomiting (PONV) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27–0.89; p = 0.02). Conclusions Intravenous DEX infusion significantly improved the duration of the analgesic effect and reduced postoperative opioid consumption. Moreover, lower incidence of post-operative nausea or vomiting was found in the DEX group.
Contact toxicity and antifeedant activity of binary mixtures of piperine and β-asarone against the crop pests, Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Plants produce arrays of secondary metabolites that act synergistically to deter and/or intoxicate herbivores. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of piperine and β-asarone, individually and in binary mixtures, to examine their synergistic effects against larvae of two generalist herbivores, Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata. Acute toxicity of piperine after topical application was lower than that of β-asarone for second instar larvae of both S. litura and M. separata (LD50 53.65 and 7.52 µg/larva, respectively, after 24 h). However, all mixtures produced synergistic, antifeedant effects. Mixtures of either 56.65 or 7.52 µg/larva of piperine + 18 µg/larva of β-asarone were highly synergistic in term of their acute toxicity (synergistic factor 11 and 44 for S. litura and M. separata, respectively). The more concentrated mixture also had the strongest antifeedant effects when presented on artificial diet to both species, S. litura and M. separata (56.64% and 62.30% at 24 h, respectively). Our results suggest that the combination of piperine and β-asarone is a greater deterrent than either pure compound alone. Use of this mixture may provide better crop protection rather than that offered by single compounds for controlling lepidopteran pests.
ADOPTION OF IMPROVED SMALL RUMINANT PRACTICES BY THE PASTORALISTS OF JAMMU KASHMIR AND LADAKH

Pastoralists mainly depend on three resources livestock, pasture and water and for this purpose they migrate and this is the only way for they can survive and sustain the ecological balance of nature. The pastoralists in Jammu and Kashmir still follow their traditional occupation of rearing animals and their condition has still remained unchanged. A study was conducted to find the adoption of improved small ruminant practices by the pastoralists of Jammu and Kashmir The data was collected from 400 pastoralists belonging to Kathua, Jammu, Anantnag and Leh district of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh with the help of structured interview schedule containing selected dependent and independent variables, through personal interview technique. Majority of the pastoralists were middle aged, having poor education, engaged in caste occupation and were having marginal landholding and possessed medium herd size of 58 small animals. Further, most of the respondents had medium family size, with average of 6 family members. The social participation and mass media exposure of majority of the respondents were medium. They had poor extension contact. The income of the majority of respondents from livestock rearing was Rs.59290 per year and were having 31 years of average experience in livestock rearing. Pastoralists fared well in terms of economic motivation. However, majority had semi-nomadic pastoral system. The marketing system was rather limited. Nearly fifty percent of respondents (47.75%) were having medium adoption (46.60%) followed by low adoption (39.01%) of improved small ruminant practices by 32.25 percent of respondents. The respondents of the high adoption level (55.30%) constituted 20 percent of the total. Positive significant association between adoption and education, occupation, land holding, social participation, extension contact, mass media exposure, income from livestock rearing, and economic motivation was observed, while, negative significant association of adoption with pastoral and marketing system was observed.
Bio‐based plasticizer and thermoset polyesters: A green polymer chemistry approach

Renewable resource-based polyesters, poly(trimethylene malonate) (PTM) and poly(trimethylene itaconate) (PTI), were synthesized from 1,3-propanediol, malonic acid, and itaconic acid via melt polycondensation using green chemistry principles. Aluminum chloride, a Lewis acid, was used as the catalyst at different reaction temperatures. Chemical structure of PTM and PTI with low dispersities showed the presence of ester and ether bonds. A bimodal molecular weight distribution exists, with the high molecular weight fraction ranging from 22 to 38 kDa while the low molecular weight fraction did not exceed 2.5 kDa. Thermal analysis of PTM showed a Tg ranging between –66 and –41 °C. PTM could be used as a plasticizer for other degradable bioplastics, sensor applications, and drug delivery. PTI, a semi-crystalline thermoset polymer, may be used for production of packaging material, disposable utensils, tableware, indoor furnishings, and more importantly, as a degradable biomaterial for biomedical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43917.
Long-Term Yield Variability of Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) Tested Using a CART Model

Triticale is a promising food crop that combines the yield potential and grain quality of wheat with the disease and environmental tolerance of rye. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of genotype, environment and crop management on spring and winter triticale yield variability, using data from 31 locations across the whole of Poland, from 2009 to 2017, with the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. It was found that CART is able to detect differences in spring and winter triticale successful growth. The yield variability of spring triticale was more dependent on the soil quality than winter triticale because of a shorter cycle duration, which increases sensitivity to nutrient supply and weather conditions. Spring triticale also needs to be sown as soon as possible to ensure a successful establishment. A strong dependence of yield variability on the availability of water for the winter triticale was observed. When growing winter triticale in Poland, with periodic excess water especially during autumn and early spring, the use of fungicides and growth regulators should be taken into account.
Soil Properties and Plant Biomass Production in Natural Rangeland Management Systems

Improper management of rangelands can cause land degradation and reduce the economic efficiency of livestock activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil properties and quantify plant biomass production in four natural rangeland management systems in the Santa Catarina Plateau (Planalto Catarinense) of Brazil. The treatments, which included mowed natural rangeland (NR), burned natural rangeland (BR), natural rangeland improved through the introduction of plant species after harrowing (IH), and natural rangeland improved through the introduction of plant species after chisel plowing (IC), were evaluated in a Nitossolo Bruno (Nitisol). In the improved treatments, soil acidity was corrected, phosphate fertilizer was applied, and intercropped annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), velvet grass (Holcus lanatus), and white clover (Trifolium repens) were sown. Management systems with harrowed or chisel plowed soil showed improved soil physical properties; however, the effect decreased over time and values approached those of burned and mowed natural rangelands. Natural rangeland systems in the establishment phase had little influence on soil organic C. The mowed natural rangeland and improved natural rangeland exhibited greater production of grazing material, while burning the field decreased production and increased the proportion of weeds. Improvement of the natural rangelands increased leguminous biomass for pasture.
Recent advances in the knowledge of coronaviruses with special emphasis on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

COVID-19 continues to pose a global public health emergency several months after the first cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (then referred to as novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) infection were reported in Wuhan, China Starting off as local infection, it has now affected most countries devastatingly while taking its toll on millions of people So far, clinicians and researchers have derived biological understanding and treatment designs to tackle COVID-19 from the recently learned lessons during similar epidemics caused by coronaviruses, namely, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) However, COVID-19 has transformed into a pandemic surpassing the previously reported epidemics and requires a targeted therapy approach in addition to synchronized preventive measures With the advent of new knowledge and developments on the subject of SARSCoV-2 almost every day, an update to the biological understanding of coronaviruses is necessary as well This article presents a comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2 biology, COVID-19 epidemiology, and therapeutic approaches for patients along with the major issues of concern We cover the structure and infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 known till date, along with the common pathological findings and immune responses in patients We also review the patterns of disease epidemiology in India and worldwide, the current therapeutic modalities as well as the possible strategies of prophylaxis and treatment that may be used for COVID-19 patients in the near future Finally, we discuss a few challenges put forth by this pandemic in a developing country like India which need to be addressed immediately © 2021 Irshad, et al
Ecosystem Scale Implication of Soil CO2 Concentration Dynamics During Soil Freezing in Alaskan Arctic Tundra Ecosystems

The rates, processes, and controls on Arctic cold period soil carbon loss are still poorly understood. To understand one component of winter CO2 loss in the atmosphere, continuous measurements of soil (CO2) were made and compared to ecosystem scale CO2 fluxes. Measurements of soil (CO2) were made near Utqiaġvik, Alaska from the beginning of soil thaw in summer 2005 to spring 2007. In the summer, soil (CO2) rose with increased soil temperature, reaching value orders of magnitude higher than the atmospheric (CO2). Soil (CO2) initially decreased at the end of summer and beginning of fall but then increased subsequent to soil freezing. Due to complex changes in biological activity, storage, and transport processes, soil (CO2) was then approximately doubled than that was observed in the summer. After reaching peak concentrations in November, soil (CO2) steeply decreased over a couple of weeks, suggesting a substantial release of CO2 into the atmosphere and movement within the soil column. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements showed variable but continued emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere during freezeup. The disconnect between soil (CO2) and landscape level fluxes may be attributed to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity in release of high concentrations of soil (CO2) to the atmosphere during the fall; and when integrated over the area of the EC tower footprint, do not frequently result in detectable emission events. Continued monitoring of fall and winter soil (CO2) and ecosystem fluxes will be vital for further understanding the variability of interannual Arctic CO2 emissions.