Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equation of state for solar near-surface convection

Abstract. Numerical 3-D radiative hydrodynamical simulations are the main tool for the analysis of the interface between the solar convection zone and the photosphere. The equation of state is one of the necessary ingredients of these simulations. We compare two equations of state that are commonly used, one ideal and one nonideal, and quantify their differences. Using a numerical code we explore how these differences propagate with time in a 2-D convection simulation. We show that the runs with different equations of state (EOSs) and everything else identical relax to statistically steady states in which the mean temperature (in the range of the continuum optical depths typical for the solar photosphere) differs by less than 0.2%. For most applications this difference may be considered insignificant.
Differences between webrooming and showrooming in terms of selected consumer perception factor

In order to find out whether customers perceive (any) differences between the types of shopping channels (webrooming or showrooming) when it comes to buying clothes and footwear (given the selected factors), the study used the theoretical framework of the Technology Acceptance Model, the theory of Exploratory Consumer Behavior, and other factors (perceived risk, need for touch and feel, and price perception). The study is based on answers of 208 Slovak consumers (elicited on the basis of a questionnaire). By applying a non-parametric test of differences - the Wilcoxon test of two independent samples (Mann-Whitney U test), the study arrived at a conclusion that the differences between shopping channels are not significant when it comes to technology acceptance determinants (TAM determinants). From the point of view of exploratory behavior, the exploratory information seeking dimension turned out to be insignificant. However, the research showed that webroomers prefer exploratory acquisition. The differences between the purchasing channels in terms of other analysed factors also proved to be significant. In all cases, higher tendencies were identified for webrooming. The paper upholds the idea of integrating purchase channels and highlights the need to track the purchase journey of customers who interact with businesses through many different channels and touchpoints, both online and offline. The paper will serve marketers, as a better understanding of the purchasing behavior of customers will help businesses set up more relevant marketing and business strategies, and thus improve their market position. Towards the end, the paper presents business recommendations and suggest possibilities for further research.
Proximate Composition, Physicochemical, and Lipids Profiling and Elemental Profiling of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Grown in Morocco

We investigate and compare the nutritional and physicochemical properties of rapeseed and sunflower grown in Morocco. In order to examine a complete physicochemical characterization, various parameters such as mineral profile, fatty acid composition, sterols contents, total flavonoids content (TFC), total polyphenols content (TPC), and quality oil parameters were evaluated. The results showed a relatively small difference in the physicochemical composition of the seeds, as sunflower seeds recorded higher amounts of protein and oil content (22.98 ± 0.01 g/100 g and 41.30 ± 0.50 g/100 g) than rapeseed (22.98 ± 0.01 and 38.80 ± 0.50), while mineral elements profile was observed to be statistically different. Nevertheless, both seeds were rich in K, Ca, P, Mg, and Na and they were relatively poor in Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. The most represented macroelement was K with the amount of 7936.53 ± 63.87 mg/Kg in rapeseed and 7739.22 ± 59.50 mg/Kg in sunflower. On the other hand, Cu was present in the analyzed samples the least, mostly below 20 mg/kg. For TPC and TFC, the sunflower recorded higher values (49.73 ± 0.50 and 25.37 ± 0.39 mg GAE/g) than rapeseed (38.49 ± 0.24 and 22.55 ± 1.76 mg QE/g). The fatty acid composition showed that both extracted oils have beneficial proprieties, as they are rich in unsaturated fatty acids; namely, rapeseed oil contains a high level of oleic acid (C18 : 1) (62.19%), while sunflower oil was richer in linoleic acid (C18 : 2) (55.7%). As a result, we conclude that the studied varieties have major importance in terms of both nutritional and seed improvement potentials.
Decoding the Star-Forming Main Sequence or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Central Limit Theorem

Star-formation rates (SFR) of disk galaxies strongly correlate with stellar mass, with a small dispersion in SSFR at fixed mass, sigma~0.3 dex. With such small scatter this star-formation main sequence (SFMS) has been interpreted as deterministic and fundamental. Here we demonstrate that it is a simple consequence of the central limit theorem. Our derivation begins by approximating in situ stellar mass growth as a stochastic process, much like a random walk (where the expectation of SFR at any time is equal to the SFR at the previous time). We then derive expectation values for median SSFR of star-forming disks and their scatter over time. We generalize the results for stochastic changes in SFR that are not independent of each other but are correlated over time. For unbiased samples of (disk) galaxies, we derive an expectation that should be independent of mass, decline as 1/T, and have a relative scatter that is independent of mass and time. The derived SFMS and its evolution matches published data to z=10 with sufficient accuracy to constrain cosmological parameters. The framework reproduces several important observables, including: the scatter in SSFR at fixed mass; the SFHs of nearby dwarf galaxies and the Milky Way; and the scatter in the Tully-Fisher relation. The evolution of the mass function is less well reproduced and we discuss ways to generalize the framework to include other sources of stellar mass such as mergers. The predicted dispersion in SSFR has consequences for the classification of quiescent galaxies, as such galaxies have heterogeneous formation histories, and many may only be temporarily diminished in their star-formation activity. The implied dispersion in SFHs, and the SFMS's insensitivity to timescales of stochasticity, thus substantially limits the ability to connect massive galaxies to their progenitors over long cosmic baselines. [TRUNC. ]
Effects of Sarcopenia, Myosteatosis, and the Prognostic Nutritional Index on Survival in Stage 2 and 3 Gastric Cancer Patients

Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and systemic inflammatory response biomarkers and their prognostic role in stage 2 and 3 gastric cancer patients. Methods This study included 84 patients with stage 2 or 3 gastric cancer who underwent a gastrectomy. Computed tomography scans were used to determine the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the third lumbar vertebra level for sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Results Based on the Asian Working Group of Sarcopenia (AWGS2019) criteria, the sarcopenia incidence was 36.9% and that of myosteatosis 46.4%. Univariate analysis showed that sarcopenia (48 vs. 14 mo, p < 0.001), myosteatosis (45 vs. 16 mo, p = 0.016), a low prognostic nutritional index (60 vs. 15 mo, p = 0.003), stage 3 (104 vs. 21 mo, p = 0.013), and old age (45 vs. 16 mo, p = 0.015) were poor prognostic markers. Multivariate analysis revealed that sarcopenia (AWGS2019), age, and stage significantly affected overall survival (hazard ratio: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.85–5.1; 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06–6.63; 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.1, respectively). Conclusion We showed that sarcopenia directly affects overall gastric cancer survival.
Unmasking Medical Fake News Using Machine Learning Techniques

UNMASKING MEDICAL FAKE NEWS USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES by Garima Chaphekar Fake news has always been a critical and challenging problem in the information environment. The propagation of false news is a serious concern, especially in medical information, which can have dangerous and potentially deadly consequences. With the tsunami of online misinformation, it is crucial to fight fake medical news. In this study, we use machine learning techniques to help detect fake news related to diseases, including COVID-19, Ebola, Zika, SARS, Cancer, and Polio. To facilitate research in this space, we create a new medical dataset named MedHub. MedHub has records from two publicly available datasets on COVID and manually curated facts and myths about the other diseases. In addition, we build several different machine learning models trained on MedHub, including KNN, Naı̈ve Bayes, SVM, Logistic regression, and MLP classifier, and present a proof-of-concept web application that uses these models to detect fake medical news. Our best-performing model, which we call Disease Myth Buster, is based on BERT and achieves an accuracy of 99%. In addition, we perform experiments to demonstrate that 1) our models perform well at identifying misinformation related to any disease even if it is not represented in the dataset, and 2) they are well optimized to identify COVID-19 specific misinformation, and 3) Disease Myth Buster can be extended for general fake news classification using Transfer learning. We create two new manually curated test datasets for the first two experiments. The first test dataset has 164 records related to Diabetes and the second test dataset has 13459 records of COVID-19 myths. We open-source all our datasets and models for future research.
Takotsubo Syndrome during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Veneto Region, Italy

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the public health measures of social distancing, the freedom limitations, quarantine, and the enforced homeworking under the lockdown period, as well as medical causes including COVID-19 infection per se, may have caused major emotional distress, especially in the most vulnerable patients. We aimed to evaluate the variations in the number of admissions due to Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Veneto region. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the number of admissions because of TTS in 13 Divisions of Cardiology located in the Veneto region, the northeastern area of Italy, covering a population of more than 2.5 million inhabitants, during the two major pandemic waves of COVID-19 (the first between 15 March and 30 April 2020 and the second between 15 November and 30 December 2020) that occurred in 2020. Results: In total, 807 acute coronary syndromes were admitted in the 13 enrolling hospitals. Among these, 3.9% had TTS. Compared to the corresponding 2018 and 2019 time periods, we observed a significant increase in the number of TTS cases (+15.6%, p = 0.03 and +12.5%, p = 0.04, comparing 2018 to 2020 and 2019 to 2020, respectively). Geographical distribution of the TTS cases reflected the broad spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection with a significant direct relationship between TTS incidence and the number of COVID-19 infections according to Pearson’s correlation (r = 0.798, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The higher incidence of TTS during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic waves, especially in the areas that were hit hardest in terms of morbidity and mortality by the SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggest a strong direct and/or indirect role of COVID-19 in the pathogenesis of TTS.
Study of association among various atherosclerotic risk factors in patients of subclinical hypothyroidism

Background & Objectives: Subclinical hypothyroidism is endocrine disorder where serum TSH levels are increased but FT4 levels are within the assay's reference interval. Atherosclerosis has been found to be associated with the increased level of Ox-LDL in SCH. The aim of the present study is to find out the association of Ox-LDL and lipid profile in SCH patients. Materials and methods: 120 SCH patients aged (18-70) years and 120 age & sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. BMI & lipid profile were estimated in both SCH patients and controls. FT3, FT4, TSH and Ox-LDL) were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: SCH patients and healthy controls had different BMIs (p<0.001). TC, Triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C were significantly greater in the SCH group than in the control group, although HDL-C was decreased (p<0.001). SCH patients had a significantly higher blood TSH level than controls (p<0.001), although FT3 and FT4 levels were similar. SCH patients had higher Ox-LDL than controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, SCH patients had higher serum lipid profile and Ox-LDL levels than healthy persons, indicating susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Ox-LDL can be used to predict CVD risk in SCH patients.
Nonclassicality quantified by standard entanglement potentials can be increased by dissipation and unbalanced beam splitting

If a single-mode nonclassical light is combined with the vacuum on a beam splitter, then the output state is entangled. As proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 173602 (2005)], by measuring the output-state entanglement for a balanced lossless beam splitter, one can quantify the input-state nonclassicality. These measures of nonclassicality (referred to as entanglement potentials) can be based, in principle, on various entanglement measures, leading to the negativity (NP) and concurrence (CP) potentials, and the potential for the relative entropy of entanglement (REEP). We search for the maximal nonclassicality, which can be achieved by comparing two entanglement measures for arbitrary two-qubit states and those which can be generated from a photon-number qubit via a balanced lossless beam-splitter, where the qubit basis states are the vacuum and single-photon states. Surprisingly, we find that the maximal nonclassicality, measured by the REEP for a given value of the NP, can be increased (if NP<0.527) by using either a tunable beam splitter or by amplitude damping of the output state of the balanced beam splitter. We also show that the maximal nonclassicality, measured by the NP for a given value of the REEP, can be increased by dephasing. The entanglement itself is not increased by these local losses, but the possible ratios of different measures are affected. Moreover, we show that partially-mixed states can be more nonclassical than both pure states and completely-mixed states, by comparing the NP for a given value of the REEP. This implies that not all entanglement measures can be used as entanglement potentials. Alternatively, a single balanced lossless beam splitter is not always transferring the whole nonclassicality of its input state into the entanglement of its output modes. Applying a lossy beam splitter can solve this problem at least for the cases analyzed in this paper.
Teachers’ sense-making and adapting of the national curriculum: a multiple case study in Turkish and Swedish contexts

ABSTRACT Despite the increasing popularity of studies on teachers’ national curriculum adaptations, there is no comparative study elucidating teachers’ adaptations in centralized and decentralized educational contexts through sense-making theory lenses. This paper presents a comparative case study of Turkish and Swedish senior classroom teachers’ curricular adaptations concerning sense-making theory. We get data through non-participatory lesson observations, interviews, and document analysis from two teachers teaching third-grade mathematics in each country (İzmir and Malmö). Findings reveal that both Turkish and Swedish senior teachers frequently extend, replace/revise and omit the mathematics curriculum. Turkish teachers provided extensive evidence about their adaptations and even tried explaining their reasons whereas Swedish teachers perceived the changes they made in the classroom as teaching rather than adaptations, due to different levels of centralization. Additionally, Turkish teachers responded with parallel structures and assimilation to the national curriculum, and Swedish teachers responded only with assimilation. However, a Turkish teacher’s assimilation mediated fewer adaptations while both Swedish teachers’ assimilation mediated more adaptations (extension and replacing/revising). We conclude by drawing implications for research on teachers’ adaptations and sense-making.
Direct formulation of a 4-node hybrid shell element with rotational degrees of freedom

A simple 4-node assumed-stress hybrid quadrilateral shell element with rotational or drilling degrees of freedom is formulated. The element formulation is based directly on a 4-node element. This direct formulation requires fewer computations than a similar element that is derived from an internal 8-node isoparametric element in which the midside degrees of freedom are eliminated in favor of rotational degree of freedom at the corner nodes. The formulation is based on the principle of minimum complementary energy. The membrane part of the element has 12 degrees of freedom including rotational degrees of freedom. The bending part of the element also has 12 degrees of freedom. The bending part of the quadratic variations for both in-plane and out-of-plane displacement fields and linear variations for both in-plane and out-of-plane rotation fields are assumed along the edges of the element. The element Cartesian-coordinate system is chosen such as to make the stress field invariant with respect to node numbering. The membrane part of the stress field is based on a 9-parameter equilibrating stress field, while the bending part is based on a 13-parameter equilibrating stress field. The element passes the patch test, is nearly insensitive to mesh distortion, does not lock, possesses the desirable invariance properties, has no spurious modes, and produces accurate and reliable results.
The analysis of Si/Al ratio on CGA decomposition in Indonesian traditional Kreweng pottery coffee roaster to maximize coffee acidity

The use of pottery pans lowers the roasting temperature and gives the product a more favorable taste. This study uncovers the role of pottery particle on chlorogenic acid (CGA) decomposition during roasting process. This study aims to design pottery pans and the roasting process that optimize the CGA content and quality of the coffee using Indonesian traditional ceramics from Banyuwangi, East java named Kreweng. The pottery was ground to between 74–1000 µm before activation. The elemental, phase, and morphology characterization performs on the coffee bean. The morphology characteristic of the pottery observed further using digital imaging technique to unravel the pores and boundaries. The impact of the pottery usage for coffee roasting also tested through coffee product pH measurement. The pottery morphology determines coffee product acidity. The smaller the pottery catalyst particle size results in more acid coffee. The pore and grain boundary concentration increases as the particle size decreases. At the same time, the Si/Al ratio was higher at the smaller catalyst particle size with higher porosity, grain boundaries, and absorption. The porosity and defects reveal the negatively charged faces of the pottery crystal edges. The charged faces revealed due to the pottery crystal vibration in response to heat during roasting process. The effectiveness of surface contact is greater due to the distribution of negative charges around the pores that attract OH- side of CGA. This interaction traps hydrogen proton on catalyst conductive surface. As a result, the CGA decomposes into several groups of atoms and molecules including H2 and CO2. The interaction with the catalyst transforms the macronutrient into aliphatic acid. Therefore, roasting media with a higher Si/Al ratio at smaller particle sizes with high micropores will increase the rate of decomposition and the acidity of coffee products.
Implementation of E-learning in EFL Context during COVID-19: Teachers' and Students' Views at One School

The present study reports the implementation of e-learning in English language teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic at one of the private high schools in Indonesia viewed from teachers' and students' perspectives. Using a qualitative study, the data were garnered through semi-structured interviews with an English teacher, a principal who also teaches English, and students. The result reveals that both teachers and students have the same responses to e-learning practices. There were three stages in implementing e-learning: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. In terms of preparation, the English teacher designed lesson plans as a guideline for learning. In the implementation stage, the English teacher used learning materials from various sources, including textbooks, videos, articles, and other sources on the internet. On the other hand, students reported that English teaching and learning activities in e-learning classes were usually carried out through WhatsApp, Google Classroom, and Zoom meetings. Apart from the advantages of e-learning in English language teaching, some challenges in its practice include the difficulties of operating technical devices for specific teachers, the problems of controlling students during distance learning, etc. Finally, the study's findings promote integrating technology and encouraging teachers' professional development in English language teaching.
Treatment Burden of Weekly Somatrogon vs Daily Somatropin in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Randomized Study

Abstract Context Somatrogon is a long-acting recombinant human growth hormone treatment developed as a once-weekly treatment for pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Objective Evaluate patient and caregiver perceptions of the treatment burden associated with the once-weekly somatrogon injection regimen vs a once-daily Somatropin injection regimen. Methods Pediatric patients (≥3 to <18 years) with GHD receiving once-daily somatropin at enrollment were randomized 1:1 to Sequence 1 (12 weeks of once-daily Somatropin, then 12 weeks of once-weekly somatrogon) or Sequence 2 (12 weeks of once-weekly somatrogon, then 12 weeks of once-daily Somatropin). Treatment burden was assessed using validated questionnaires completed by patients and caregivers. The primary endpoint was the difference in mean overall life interference (LI) total scores after each 12-week treatment period (somatrogon vs Somatropin), as assessed by questionnaires. Results Of 87 patients randomized to Sequence 1 (n = 43) or 2 (n = 44), 85 completed the study. Once-weekly somatrogon had a significantly lower treatment burden than once-daily Somatropin, based on mean overall LI total scores after somatrogon (8.63) vs Somatropin (24.13) treatment (mean difference –15.49; 2-sided 95% CI –19.71, –11.27; P < .0001). Once-weekly somatrogon was associated with greater convenience, higher satisfaction with treatment experience, and less LI. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) for Somatropin and somatrogon was 44.2% and 54.0%, respectively. No severe or serious AEs were reported. Conclusion In pediatric patients with GHD, once-weekly somatrogon had a lower treatment burden and was associated with a more favorable treatment experience than once-daily Somatropin.