Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AGROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TOMATO SAMPLES FROM OAXACA

Los programas de mejoramiento de tomate generalmente manejan una base genética estrecha, por lo que requieren explorar y conocer la variación genética natural como fuente de genes para mejorar la productividad, adaptación y resolver problemas de plagas y enfermedades. Con el objetivo de caracterizar la variación agromorfológica de una colección de tomate silvestres y semidomesticados (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme Dunal) del Estado de Oaxaca, México, se hizo una colecta y caracterización en invernadero de 49 poblaciones. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre colectas en todos los caracteres evaluados, excepto en días a inicio de fructificación del quinto racimo. El análisis de componentes principales mostró que las variables días a inicios de floración, fructificación y maduración, y número total de frutos al quinto racimo, altura de planta a 30 d del trasplante, número de frutos por racimo y peso medio de frutos fueron las de mayor valor para describir la variabilidad morfológica. En el análisis de conglomerados se formaron dos grupos, uno de tomates semidomesticados y otro de silvestres. El primero se integró por cuatro subgrupos de variantes con frutos de forma periforme o achatada con hombros de 3 a 5 lóculos, diámetros de 2.5 a 3.7 cm y longitudes de 2.6 a 3.1 cm. El segundo grupo reunió a las poblaciones de frutos más pequeños, indicativo de su condición silvestre, con frutos de dos lóculos, diámetros y longitudes menores a 2 cm, alta producción de flores por racimo (5 a 7) y de 20 a 30 frutos al quinto racimo, precocidad a la fructificación del quinto racimo (53 a 55 d después del trasplante) y crecimiento indeterminado (1.3 a 1.7 m a 60 d del trasplante). En Oaxaca existe una amplia variación en caracteres fenológicos, de planta, tallo, hoja, flores y frutos en las poblaciones silvestres y semidomesticadas de tomate.
The Drosophila and Manducahearts as models for studying the role of innervation in cardiac function

12 CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 BLOOD FLOW REGULATION IN OPEN AND CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS 14 1.2 DUAL INNERVATION OF THE HEART AS A GENERAL CONTROL MECHANISM OF CARDIAC PACEMAKERS 18 1.3 MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DURING METAMORPHOSIS. 22 1.4 SPECIFIC AIMS 25 CHAPTER 2. REMODELING OF A LARVAL SKELETAL MUSCLE MOTONEURON TO DRIVE THE POSTERIOR CARDIAC PACEMAKER IN THE ADULT MOTH, MANDUCA SEXTA 2.
In vitro co-cultures of human gut bacterial species as predicted from co-occurrence network analysis

Network analysis of large metagenomic datasets generated by current sequencing technologies can reveal significant co-occurrence patterns between microbial species of a biological community. These patterns can be analyzed in terms of pairwise combinations between all species comprising a community. Here, we construct a co-occurrence network for abundant microbial species encompassing the three dominant phyla found in human gut. This was followed by an in vitro evaluation of the predicted microbe-microbe co-occurrences, where we chose species pairs Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, as well as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia inulinivorans as model organisms for our study. We then delineate the outcome of the co-cultures when equal distributions of resources were provided. The growth behavior of the co-culture was found to be dependent on the types of microbial species present, their specific metabolic activities, and resulting changes in the culture environment. Through this reductionist approach and using novel in vitro combinations of microbial species under anaerobic conditions, the results of this work will aid in the understanding and design of synthetic community formulations.
Efeito da calagem, potássio e nitrogênio na produção e qualidade do fruto do abacaxizeiro

A abacaxicultura, no estado de Minas Gerais, tem sido instalada em latossolos que apresentaram geralmente baixa fertilidade natural. A fim de se estabelecer uma relacao adequada entre os nutrientes nela utilizados, procurou-se estudar o equilibrio entre calagem e adubacao potassica e nitrogenada para a cultura do abacaxizeiro. O experimento foi instalado em um Latossolo Vermelho, no municipio de Piui. Os tratamentos constaram de quatro niveis de K 2 O (0-413-722-1031 kg/ha), quatro niveis de N (0-5-10-15 g/planta) e dois niveis de calagem (zero e 2 t/ha) dispostos no esquema fatorial em parcela subdividida com tres repeti­coes. A calagem nao aumentou a producao, mas promoveu uma melhor utilizacao do K pelas plantas em solos acidos e pobres em Ca e Mg. A adubacao potassica aumentou a producao ate as doses de 720 e 936 kg/ha de K 2 O, na presenca e ausencia de calagem, sendo as producoes maximas estimadas de 29 t/ha de fruto, sem coroa. Na presenca de N e K, a producao maxi­ma estimada foi de 34 t/ha. O brix e a acidez dos frutos aumentaram, com as doses de K, e a acidez decresceu com a aplicacao do N.
Thermal Preferences and Critical Temperature Regimes of the Western North Atlantic Invasive Lionfish Complex (Pterois spp.)

II List of Figures IV List of Tables IV Introduction 1 Background 1 Invasive Lionfish 2 Temperature Preference 5 Behavioral Tolerance 7 Physiological Tolerance 9 Materials and Methods 13 Collection and Husbandry 13 Electronic Shuttlebox: Preference and Behavioral Tolerance 14 Critical Thermal Methodology (CTM): Physiological Tolerance 19 Results 23 Discussion 30 Temperature Preference 30 Behavioral Tolerance 31 Physiological Tolerance 32 Thermal Niche 38 Conclusion 40 References 41
Circulating Homocysteine is an Inflammation Marker and a Risk Factor of Life-Threatening Inflammatory Diseases

Deficiency in vitamin B6, B12 or folate is the major cause of hyperhomocysteinemia. Since inflammation promotes cell proliferation at the expense of excess amount of vitamins, therefore, hyperhomocysteinemia may indicate the presence of inflammation. Moreover, inflammation enhances the synthesis of nitric oxide, which again produces hyperhomocysteinemia through binding with vitamin B12. Consequently, varying degrees of hyperhomocysteinemia are detectable in all inflammatory diseases. Hyperhomocysteinemia is also considered as a risk factor for inflammatory diseases including life-threatening cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal failure and cancer. It should be noted that hyperhomocysteinemia not only is produced from inflammation, but the oxidative stress generated from hyperhomocysteinemia will again promote inflammation. As a result, elevated homocysteine and inflammation markers are frequently being detected at the same time but are not correlated with each other. On the other hand, because of their different inflammatory pathways, measuring simultaneously the homocysteine and inflammation markers will improve the overall sensitivity of detection.
RhoA/Rho‐kinases in asthma: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets

Asthma is a chronic and heterogeneous disease characterised by airway inflammation and intermittent airway narrowing. The key obstacle in the prevention and treatment of asthma has been our incomplete understanding of its aetiology and biological mechanisms. The ras homolog family member A (RhoA) of the Rho family GTPases has been considered to be one of the most promising and novel therapeutic targets for asthma. It is well known that RhoA/Rho‐kinases play an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma, including airway smooth muscle contraction, airway hyper‐responsiveness, β‐adrenergic desensitisation and airway remodelling. However, recent advances have suggested novel roles for RhoA in regulating allergic airway inflammation. Specifically, RhoA has been shown to regulate allergic airway inflammation through controlling Th2 or Th17 cell differentiation and to regulate airway remodelling through regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. In this review, we evaluate the literature regarding the recent advances in the activation of RhoA/Rho‐kinase, cytokine and epigenetic regulation of RhoA/Rho‐kinase, and the role of RhoA/Rho‐kinase in regulating major features of asthma, such as airway hyper‐responsiveness, remodelling and inflammation. We also discuss the importance of the newly identified role of RhoA/Rho‐kinase signalling in MSC differentiation and bronchial epithelial barrier dysfunction. These findings indicate the functional significance of the RhoA/Rho‐kinase pathway in the pathophysiology of asthma and suggest that RhoA/Rho‐kinase signalling may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma.
Responses of Nematode Communities to Inorganic Fertilizer Disturbance in a Farmland Ecosystem

Nematode communities were monitored in a field study at depths of 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm throughout a corn (Zea mays L.) growing season in the black soil region of Northeast China. Plots were cropped corn with (IF) and without (NF) nitrogen fertilization. Fifteen families and 16 genera were observed in the nematode suspensions. Cephalobidae, Rhabditidae, Aphelenchus, Filenchus, and Helicotylenchus were found to be dominant genera/families in both plots at both depths. Significant differences were found between treatments and corn growing stages in the total numbers of nematodes during the study period.The total numbers of nematodes at the 0～10 cm depth were higher in the inorganic fertilizer plot than in the control plot (no fertilizer applications) across jointing, filling, and mature stages. Bacterivores were the most abundant trophic groups under two treatments and at both depths, and the relative abundance averaged 42.8%. Omnivores-predators at both depths were lower in the inorganic fertilizer plot than in the control plot during the study period, excluding corn jointing stage. Maturity index (MI) and plant parasite index (PPI)were used to detect the differences between the two treatments, MI and PPI were effective in distinguishing differences in nematode communities during corn growing season. The role of nematode communities as bioindicators of ecosystem disturbance due to fertilization is noted.
Feed selection and growth performance of local chickens offered different carbohydrate sources in fresh and dried form supplemented with protein-rich forages.

A series of experiments were conducted at the farm of CelAgrid in Kandal Province, Cambodia. Experiment 1 consisted of two related cafeteria trials which were conducted to determine the feed preferences of local chickens when fed different feeds separately. The first trial was conducted for 4 weeks with 40 chickens allocated to 4 pens with 10 birds per pen. They were given free access to three types of chopped green forage (taro leaf, duckweed and water spinach) and broken rice as source of energy. The daily dry matter (DM) intake of duckweed (3.9 g) was higher than that of water spinach (2.1 g), while the intake of taro leaf was relatively low (0.02 g). The crude protein (CP) intakes were 1.1 g, 0.5 g and 0.02 g for duckweed, water spinach and taro leaf, respectively. The second trial was conducted with the same duration and the same number of birds per pen. They were given free access to 3 types of fresh chopped carbohydrate feed (cassava root, sweet potato tuber and banana fruit) and duckweed as the only source of protein The daily DM and CP intakes of sweet potato and cassava root were 16 g and 0.5 g for DM and CP, respectively, while the banana fruit intake was low. Experiment 2 was carried out for 2 weeks with 240 local chickens at the age of 60 days (144 females and 96 males). The chicks were housed 10 per pen (4 males and 6 females). The experiment was a 4*2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. The chickens had free access to each of the carbohydrate feeds (broken rice, cassava root, sweet potato tuber, and banana fruit) and each of two proteins feeds (soybean meal and duckweed). The total daily DM intake of the broken rice diet was 32.0 g, and was 26.6 g, 24.0 g and 22.5 g of fresh cassava root, sweet potato tuber and banana fruit, respectively. The CP intake of chickens on duckweed was 19.2 g, which was lower than of those fed on soybean meal (34 g). The CP intake of chickens fed different carbohydrates was similar (5-7 g) but the CP intake of the chickens fed on soybean meal was higher (10.4 g) than on duckweed (2 g). The chicks did not gain weight on duckweed, except on the broken rice diet, and had normal growth on soybean meal (4-6 g). Through linear regression analysis, the DM intake was shown to have close relationship to the average daily gain (R 2 =0.70).
Computer Professionals and their Health issues and Managements

Computer Professionals and their Health issues and Managements Sudharshini S.1, Anantha Raman V.V. 2*, Mathew Arumai M. < sup>3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17511/ijphr.2018. i3.03 1 Sudharshini S. , Assistant Professor, Community Medicine Department, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 2* Anantha Raman V.V. , Associate Professor, Community Medicine Department, SRM Medical College and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 3 Mathew Arumai M. , Medical Social Worker, Community Medicine Department, SRM Medical College and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Morphometrical variability in Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945. 3: Observations on African populations of Helicotylenchus dihystera and considerations on related species.

Multivariate analyses were used to compare ten African populations of Helicotylenchus to i ) a typical Helicotylenchus dihystera from California, i i ) two other African Helicotylenchus very different from H. dihystera. The analyses inferred tha t no difference could be found in morphometrical characteristics among the ten African populations and between those and the typical H . dihystera. I t was concluded that, in spite of the high variability of several criteria commonly used in the taxonomy of Helicotylenchus, it was possible to identify the African populations as H . dihystera. Revised descriptions of H. dihystera, H . morasi i and H . paracanal is are presented. H. punicae Swarup & Sethi, 1968, H . dihysteroides Siddiqi, 1972, H. flatus Roman, 1965, H . rotundicauda Sher, 1966, H. glissus Thorne & Malek, 1968, and H. teleductus Anderson, 1974, are proposed as new synonyms of H . dihystera ; and H . trivandranus Mohandas, 1976, as a new synonym of H . paracanal is Sauer & Winoto, 1975. H . microlobus Perry, 1959, and H . teres Gaur & Prasad, 1972, are reinstalled as valid species. H. caribensis Roman, 1965, B. borinquensis Roman, 1965, and H . leucernis Khan & Ahmad, 1970, are considered species inquirendae. H. sagitovi is proposed as a new name for H . orientalis Sagitov et al., 1978, homonym of H . orientalis (Siddiqi & Husain, 1964) Geraert, 1976.
The Occurrence Of Nitidula Flavomaculata (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) On A Human Corpse

Wereport the infestation of a human corpse by the Palearctic nitidulid beetle Nitidula flavomaculata in Adams County, Colorado. The human corpse was discovered in early January. This introduced beetle may have become a member of the cold-season carrion community, previously dominated by a fly, the cheese skipper, Piophila casei, along the Front Range of Colorado. Under various environmental conditions, a human corpse is colonized by an array of necrophagous and saprophagous arthropods, particularly insects. This succession of species has been described or reviewed by many authors, including Leclercq (1969), Nuorteva (1977), Rodriguez and Bass (1983), Simpson (1985), Smith (1986), Catts and Haskell (1990), and Goff and Flynn (1991). During the warm months of the year, flies (Diptera) are the major initial decomposers. Species of Calliphoridae (blow flies) and Sarcophagidae (flesh flies) are known as important forensic indicators (Greenberg 1991). A wide variety of insects besides these flies colonize a corpse, including beetles. Specific beetles (e.g. species of Cleridae, Dermestidae, Histeridae, Nitidulidae, Scarabaeidae, Silphidae and Staphylinidae) that feed on carrion have been documented by Morley (1907), Payne and King (1970), Crowson ( 198 1 ), and Shubeck etal. (1981). A clothed, partially decayed human female corpse was discovered on January 1 1, 1996 in a field in Thornton, Adams County, Colorado. An examination of the body revealed numerous puparia containing pharate adults of the black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen) and the larvae of the cheese-skipper, Piophila casei (L.) (Diptera: Piophilidae). The piophilid larvae were found in the head and shoulder area of the corpse. Also found were large numbers of Nitidulidae larvae in the genital area of the victim. An adult beetle was recovered during the autopsy. Larvae were collected and reared on chicken livers, and the subsequent adult beetles were identified as the Palearctic Nitidula flavomaculata Rossi. The presence of pre-emergent P. regina adults in puparia at the crime scene indicated the victim was left in the field sometime during the last two weeks of 1 Received April 8, 1996. Accepted April 28, 1996. 2 Westminster Police Department, Crime Laboratory, 8800 N. Sheridan Blvd., Westminster, CO
Effect of explant orientation on shoot regeneration in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Effects of explant orientation on percent shoot regeneration in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) were studied using two commercially important cultivars, viz Hisar Arun and Hisar Lalit. The explant orientation affected shoot regeneration in both genotypes. Both cotyledon and leaf explants placed in abaxial (lower surface facing down) orientation produced higher percent regeneration and higher number of shoots per explant as compared to those placed in adaxial (upper surface facing down) orientation. In Hisar Arun, when cotyledon explants cultured in abaxial orientation on medium containing zeatin 1.5 mg/l, maximum per cent shoot formation was 80.63% while in adaxial orientation it was decreased to 42.50%. Similar pattern of decrease in percent regeneration from 75.73% to 27.31%, on changing the orientation of cotyledon explants, was observed in cv. Hisar Lalit on medium containing BAP 1.5 mg/l. In leaf explants of cv. Hisar Arun, on medium supplemented with zeatin 1.5 mg/l, percent shoot regeneration reduced from 46.93% to 32.78% on changing the orientation from abaxial to adaxial. In cv. Hisar Lalit, per cent shoot regeneration was reduced to less than half (75.00% to 36.11%), on medium containing BAP 1.5 mg/l when the leaf explant were placed adaxially. The present study revealed that orientation of explant had significant effect on per cent regeneration.
Political Connections in the Land Market: Evidence from China's State-owned Enterprises

This study examines whether political connections lead state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to behave differently from privately-owned enterprises (POEs) in acquiring land parcels at auctions and explores the underlying mechanisms that drive the price premiums paid by SOEs. We find that SOEs pay 11.9% more than POEs for observably comparable land parcels at auctions, and the price premiums SOEs pay are mainly driven by wholly state-owned enterprises (WSOEs). In particular, we provide evidence that SOEs have advance access to information about the development of land parcels in 134 state-level special economic zones, and land parcels purchased by SOEs lead to positive stock market performance. We also show that an anti-corruption campaign that weakens political connections and reduces the information advantage leads to a decrease in the price premiums paid by SOEs.
The effects of ischaemia and denervation on mammalian muscle spindles

The effects of ischaemia and denervation on rat muscle spindles have been investigated in a series of experiments in which the soleus muscle was either devascularized, or denervated, or devascularized and denervated at the same time. The structure of the experimental spindles was observed with the electron microscope at various postoperative periods. Soleus muscle is revascularized 5 days after sectioning its supplying blood vessels. The temporary ischaemia thus produced results in the rapid concomitant degeneration of both extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibres as well as their nerve terminals and supplying axons. The basal lamina of the intrafusal fibres remains intact and necrotic debris is removed by phagocytic cells. Satellite cells survive the temporary ischaemia, giving rise to numerous myoblasts within the basal-lamina tubes. The myoblasts fuse to form myotubes\which, by the 14th day after devascularization, are maturing into thin muscle fibres, in the absence of any innervation. Reinnervation of the regenerating spindle begins 21 days after devascularisation and is completed some 7 days later, during which time further differentiation of reinnervated intrafusal fibres occurs. Regenerated spindles vary considerably with respect to the extent of their sensory and motor innervation and equatorial nucleation and the reasons for this variation are discussed. Most regenerated ischaemic spindles and denervated spindles contain short, thin additional muscle fibres, the sources of which are also discussed. The degeneration and regeneration of ischaemic muscle spindles are not affected by sectioning the muscle nerve at the time of devascularization. Differences are only seen at the later post- operative stages when further differentiation of the intrafusal fibres does not occur, presumably because of the absence of reinnervating axon terminals. Instead, signs of denervation atrophy are seen in non-innervated regenerated ischaemic spindles. In contrast to the rapid effects of devascularization, denervation results in a slow atrophy of intrafusal fibres. Equatorial nuclei are replaced by myofibrils. As long as one year after denervation only focal atrophy of intrafusal fibres is evident, contrasting markedly with the widespread extensive atrophy of extrafusal fibres. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to other experimental studies of the regeneration or reinnervation of muscle spindles. Their possible clinical application in nerve and muscle repair is also highlighted.
PECAM-1 expression by mesenchymal stromal cells is regulated by Notch signalling

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) reside within the perivascular niche and have been shown in vivo to facilitate vascular repair. Previous in vitro studies, have demonstrated the potential of MSCs to differentiate towards an endothelial lineage, when cultured at high cell density; but the characterisation of these cells and the mechanisms directing this important differentiation effect are ill-defined. To resemble a three-dimensional (3D) cellular environment, MSCs were cultured as spheroids and the endothelial characteristics of these cells determined. MSCs cultured as spheroids significantly increased their expression of the endothelial markers; PECAM-1, Tie2, VE-cadherin and vWF, when compared to MSCs cultured in close cell contact as a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer. In addition, MSCs cultured as 3D spheroids behaved as functional endothelial cells in vitro; including the ability to uptake low-density lipoproteins, secretion of nitric oxide and the ability to form network-like structures. MSC spheroids exhibited significantly increased levels of Notch signalling, compared to 2D MSCs in close cell contact, which caused a significant decrease in the endothelial characteristics when inhibited. Conversely, activation of Notch signalling caused a significant and specific increase in the expression of PECAM-1, which was regulated by the Notch ligands Jagged1 and DLL4. Thus, Notch signalling is a crucial pathway that controls PECAM-1 expression and regulates the angiogenic fate of MSCs within spheroids. This study has therefore identified an efficient culture model and key signalling mechanism which may be used to induce MSCs towards an angiogenic fate for vascular repair and regeneration therapies.