Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial evolution : the view from the acidophiles 2 . 1

Acidophilic organisms have provided a highly fertile ground for research into microbial evolution. Their low-biodiversity communities have allowed for extensivemetagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metaproteomic analysis [1]. A wealth of data from comparative genomics of closely related strains is beginning to reveal the evolutionary processes that allow for genotypic change, and how they relate to selective pressures. In the last decade it has become evident that the genetic diversity available in bacterial communities is vast and in constant flow. DNA is constantly mobilized by plasmids and phage, and recombination occurs at high rates. Recent studies in acidophiles have described not only the type of events that are taking place, but also to begin to make a quantitative assessment of their predominance and rates. The acidophiles have been mainly studied in two scenarios. The first one, acid mine drainage (AMD) environments, are areas in which organisms rely on chemoautotrophic production mainly based on iron and sulphur oxidation. In addition to very low pH, there are often high concentrations of heavy metals such as iron, zinc or arsenic [1–3]. Well-characterized examples of these environments include the Río Tinto in Southern Spain [4] and Iron Mountain in California, USA [5]. The main actors of these studies have been Leptospirillum (Nitrospira), Acidithiobacillus (Gammaproteobacteria) and Ferroplasma (Archaea, Thermoplasmata). The second scenario is the volcanic springs or “mudpots” generated by geothermal activity, inwhich, in addition to extreme acidity, organisms must contend with temperatures that can reach 80 °C. These environments are dominated by thermoacidophilic Archaea and themain actor of evolutionary studies has been the genus Sulfolobus (Crenarchaeota). Although it had been assumed that extremely acidic environments could prove hostile or limit DNA exchange, there is no evidence that mechanisms of gene transfer or genomic change are different from those operating in other less-extreme habitats. Numerous phage, plasmids, andmobile elements have been described in association with acidophilic communities or as part of the genomes of acidophiles, as well as mechanisms for DNA uptake, DNA secretion, or CRISPR (clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) defense systems [see reviews in6–9]. Indeed, phage are abundant and diverse in all environments where acidophilic prokaryotes have been found. For example, the optimal growth conditions of the Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV) are pH 3.3 and 80 °C [10]. There is some evidence, however, that DNA exchange among acidophilic organisms, even when not closely related phy-
Summary of Ljubljana workshop on “Mesoscale data assimilation and the role of winds in limited-area models for NWP in Europe”

Over the past two decades, limited area models (LAMs) for numerical weather prediction (NWP) have become operational in practically every country across Europe. Clustered around the four major development centres: the UK MetOffice, Meteo-France, Deutsche Wetterdienst and the HIRLAM group, the European LAMs initially focused mainly on the downscaling of global analyses and forecasts produced by their own global NWP systems or by the ECMWF. In the new millennium, developments have become better focused on advanced methods for mesoscale data assimilation (DA), first using the 3D-Var, followed by the 4D-Var, the ensemble Kalman filter and, most recently, hybrid methods. Over the same period, the ECMWF model and other global models have steadily increased their horizontal grids that are now approaching 10 km. Mesoscale data assimilation (MDA) is expected to provide initial conditions for km-scale forecasts that outperform the global model forecasts on the short range (few hours to 1-day). In this range of spatio-temporal scales, MDA affects processes with timescales of hours in contrast to the processes with timescales of days addressed by global models. A lack of frequent and accurate high-resolution observations, especially wind observations, makes the challenge of MDA only greater. The workshop on “Wind profiles and mesoscale data assimilation” at the Faculty of mathematics and physics, University of Ljubljana, addressed the potential impact of the forthcoming wind profile measurements by the ESA’s ADM-Aeolus satellite in mesoscale models. The participants discussed the modelling of the background-error covariances for MDA in a couple of presentations based on hybrid MDA methods. Sensitivity studies with several new wind observations (e.g. Mode-S) showed mixed results in spite of the observation high quality. The potential of the line-of-sight ADM-Aeolus measurements in mesoscale observing system simulation experiments (OSSE) suggested that improvements in the analysis of the amplitude and location of the baroclinic development in the northern Atlantic will be possible thanks to the ADM-Aeolus wind profiles. The workshop presentations are available at http://meteo.fmf. uni-lj.si/en/workshop. In the following, we summarize the workshop discussion of challenges and recommendations for further research in the mesoscale NWP and DA communities.
OTT_A_213421 8569..8582

Jingjing Qiao Man Li Dan Sun Wenhui Li Yan Xin 1Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncoPathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116027, People’s Republic of China Objectives: Gastric cancer ranks the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) is an oncogene and ROS1 rearrangement has been reported in many cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the potential function and the precise mechanisms of ROS1 in gastric cancer. Methods: In our study, the analysis of ROS1 expression and clinical pathologic factors of gastric cancer in gastric cancer using TCGA database demonstrated that ROS1 expression was elevated in gastric cancer and related to T, N, M and TNM staging. High expression of ROS1 predicted poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. Then, we measured ROS1 expression in four human gastric cancer cell lines and knocked down ROS1 expression in BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells by specific shRNA transfection via Lipofectamine 2000. The effect of ROS1 knockdown on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis and metastasis in vitro was evaluated by MTT, colony formation, flow cytometric analysis, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins, EMT markers and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway members were measured by Western blotting. Results: We demonstrated that shROS1 transfection markedly downregulated ROS1 expression in BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells. Knockdown of ROS1 inhibited cell survival, clonogenic growth, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, ROS1 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. Conclusion: Collectively, our data suggest that ROS1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target in gastric cancer treatment.
Author's personal copy Transconductance characteristics and plasma oscillations in nanometric InGaAs field effect transistors

By Monte Carlo simulations we investigate the plasma spectrum in n-type InGaAs field effect transistors at 300 K in the whole region of operating conditions from ohmic to saturation regime of the transconductance characteristics. The presence of a two dimensional (2D) plasma peak predicted within the gradual channel approximation is confirmed by the microscopic model and its properties are analyzed systematically. At the highest gate voltages the 2D peak is found to become practically independent of the channel width. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Welcome to the Course: Early Social Cues Influence Women's Persistence in Computer Science

First impressions influence subsequent behavior, especially when deciding how much effort to invest in an activity such as taking an online course. In computer programming courses, a context where social group stereotypes are salient, social cues early in the course can be used strategically to affirm members of historically underrepresented groups in their sense of belonging. We tested this idea in two randomized field experiments (N=53,922) by varying the social identity and status of the presenter of a welcome video and assessing online learners' persistence and achievement. Counter to our hypotheses, we found lower persistence among women in certain age groups if the welcome video was presented by a female instructor or by lower-status peers. Men remained unaffected. The results suggest that women are more responsive to social cues in online STEM courses, an environment where their social identity has been negatively stereotyped. Presenting a male and female instructor together was an effective strategy for retaining women in the course.
Bioenergy and Food Security The BEFS Analysis for Tanzania

regarding the potential of bioenergy as an alternative to fossil fuels, and the potential positive and negative impacts on rural development, food security, and the environment. Growing demand for food, population pressure on land use, and the growing impacts of climate change will create additional challenges for land and resource management. The focus then should be on how bioenergy can be produced in combination with food and other products to enhance both food and energy security. In this context, FAO, with generous funding from the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV) established the Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS) Approach, to contribute analytical and policy guidance on how the development of a bioenergy sector could drive agriculture growth and poverty reduction, while fostering food security. The multidisciplinary, cross-ministerial discussion prompted by BEFS is based on information derived from technical analyses with the goal of assisting countries in deciding the direction for policy and development priorities. The analysis included herein builds on the analysis published as a result of the first BEFS Tanzania project and specifically includes three components – 1) Production cost analysis of biodiesel from sunflower; 2) Water availability and management issues in the Wami River Basin; and 3) Household level food security using a country representative dataset. The results of the analysis highlight key areas where the government of Tanzania could integrate energy and agriculture goals to enhance energy and food security jointly.
PREVALENCE OF BOVINE MASTITIS IN NORTH KARNATAKA, INDIA

PREVALENCE OF BOVINE MASTITIS IN NORTH KARNATAKA, INDIA Sadashiv S O, *Kaliwal B B Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India – 580 003. ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis in North Karnataka Region. The samples were collected from March 2012 to August 2012. A Total of 392 herds (cows and buffaloes) milk samples were collected fortnightly and considered in this study. The study includes Holstein Freshein, Jerscy, Dharwari and Murrah. The overall prevalence was 69.89%, from which 48.21% and 21.68% were subclinical and clinical mastitis respectively. A total of 148 buffalos were tested, among which 96 (64.86%) were affected. A total of 244 cows were tested, among which 178 (72.95%) were affected. The age based prevalence of mastitis in buffalos showed that the maximum affect was at the age of 10 years (86.66%) and 11 years (15.38%) for subclinical and clinical mastitis respectively. Whereas 6 years (57.44%) and 11 years (15.78%) for subclinical and clinical mastitis respectively in cows. The lactation based prevalence of mastitis in buffalos showed that the maximum affect was seen in 3 month (70.83%) and 7 month (25%) for subclinical and clinical mastitis respectively. Whereas 1 month (76.19%) and 4 month (28.12%) for subclinical and clinical mastitis in cows. The quarter based prevalence of mastitis in buffalos showed that the maximum affect was 39.86% and 9.37% in one quarter in subclinical and clinical mastitis respectively. Whereas 47.13% and 6.96% in one quarter for subclinical and clinical mastitis respectively in cows. A total of 06 groups of bacteria’s (Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS), Bacillus spp. Pseudomonas spp. Aerococcus spp. Enterobacter spp. ) were isolated based on conventional methods. The present study showed that there was high prevalence of mastitis in the North Karnataka, India and hence, it is recommended to take necessary control measures.
IMPACT OF JOB STRESS ON JOB SATISFACTION- AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Deregulation, financial innovation, securitization, globalization, competition and technological advances in banking sector have changed the entire work set up in banks . The rapid transformation in the banking industry over the last decade has made the industry stronger, transparent, efficient, faster and more competitive. There is a paradigm shift in the work culture of bank employees. This has pressurized and made employees to give their maximum at work place. This study is an attempt to analyze the influence of various factors leading to job stress and their influence on the job satisfaction of employees in the banking sector. For this the primary data was collected from 100 sample respondents (bank employees) from 5 commercial banks of Mangalore city by convenience sampling method. For this purpose, structured questionnaire was employed to collect the primary data from the selected sample respondents. The study uses Statistical tools like factor analysis and Correlation to understand the job stress and its impact on job satisfaction among the bank employees in the eve of changing banking scenario.
Biomechanical Analysis of Human Hip in Children with Hip Arthrodesis

The purpose of this work was to study the response of the gait of children who have had a hip arthrodesis. Nine patients (5 female - 4 male) whose average age is11 years and follow up of 2 to 6 year after the fusion, were evaluated. The gait analysis shows an increase of movement in both the sagittal and transverse plane. The 0° rotation of hip fusion is an ideal position to increase the step length of the contralateral hip as coping response, keeping the ipsilateral pelvis in external rotation.
Organizational Structure and Moral Hazard among Emergency Department Physicians

How does organizational structure affect physician behavior? I investigate this question by studying emergency department (ED) physicians who work in two organizational systems that differ in the extent of physician autonomy to manage work: a “nurse-managed” system in which physicians are assigned patients by a triage nurse “manager,” and a “self-managed” system in which physicians decide among themselves which patients to treat. Taking advantage of several sources of quasi-random variation, I estimate that the self-managed system increases throughput productivity by 10-13%. Essentially all of this net effect can be accounted for by reducing a moral hazard I call “foot-dragging”: Because of asymmetric information between physicians and the triage nurse, physicians prolong patient length of stay in order to appear busier and avoid getting new patients. I show that foot-dragging is sensitive to the presence of and relationship between peers. Finally, I show evidence consistent with theory that predicts more efficient assignment of new patients in the self-managed system.
On the Analogy Between Complex Semisimple Groups and Their Cartan Motion Groups

In a 1975 article George Mackey examined analogies between the representations of a semisimple Lie group and those of its Cartan motion group. Alain Connes later pointed out that the analogies observed by Mackey harmonize very well with the Connes-Kasparov conjecture in C∗-algebra K-theory. Motivated by Connes’ observation, the present author analyzed the reduced C∗-algebra of a complex semisimple group in a way that led to a new confirmation of the Connes-Kasparov conjecture for such groups, while at the same time exhibiting a natural bijection between the tempered duals of the group and its Cartan motion group. The purpose of this article is examine the same issues algebraically rather than C∗-algebraically, and so obtain a Mackey-type bijection between the admissible dual of a complex semisimple group and that of its motion group.
Augmentation Procedure for Partial Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Arthroscopic examination before anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction shows the presence of several types of ACL remnants within the intercondylar notch. It is thought that 10% to 20% of the ACL injury cases represent a partial rupture of the ACL. In these cases, although rupture of the anteromedial or posterolateral bundle can be seen, the other bundle is preserved with an attachment of the anatomical femoral origin. We considered it beneficial to perform the ACL augmentation procedure without sacrificing the remaining remnant in terms of proprioception, biomechanical functions, and vascularization of the graft. This study will present the ACL augmentation procedure for patients with partial ACL rupture. We believe that the described technique can be a treatment option for patients whose ACL remnants are left in certain conditions.
Title: An empirical study of attitude towards construction and demolition waste recycling: Integrating social impression and environmental consciousness with theory of planned behaviour

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the attitude of contractors, local vendors and builders towards construction and demolition waste (C&DW) recycling. Methods: Empirical data with 204 responses from different stakeholders of construction sector was analysed through partial least squares based structural equation modelling. Results: The findings indicate that attitude, perceived behavioural control and environmental consciousness have significant positive association with behavioural intention to C&DW recycling. However, subjective norms and social impression of consumers were not associated with behavioural intention to C&DW recycling. Conclusions: The study is relevant for practitioners and academicians who deal with C&DW recycling. The study also includes policy insights for regulators and policy makers willing to promote C&DW recycling.
Joint Configuration Adaptation and Bandwidth Allocation for Edge-based Real-time Video Analytics

Real-time analytics on video data demands intensive computation resources and high energy consumption. Traditional cloud-based video analytics relies on large centralized clusters to ingest video streams. With edge computing, we can offload compute-intensive analysis tasks to the nearby server, thus mitigating long latency incurred by data transmission via wide area networks. When offloading frames from the front-end device to the edge server, the application configuration (frame sampling rate and frame resolution) will impact several metrics, such as energy consumption, analytics accuracy and user-perceived latency. In this paper, we study the configuration adaption and bandwidth allocation for multiple video streams, which are connected to the same edge node sharing an upload link. We propose an efficient online algorithm, called JCAB, which jointly optimizes configuration adaption and bandwidth allocation to address a number of key challenges in edge-based video analytics systems, including edge capacity limitation, unknown network variation, intrusive dynamics of video contents. Our algorithm is developed based on Lyapunov optimization and Markov approximation, works online without requiring future information, and achieves a provable performance bound. Simulation results show that JCAB can effectively balance the analytics accuracy and energy consumption while keeping low system latency.
Robot swarms need blockchain technology: A comparison of consensus protocols and their resilience to Byzantine robots

Consensus achievement is a crucial capability for robot swarms, for example, for path selection, spatial aggregation, or collective sensing. However, the presence of malfunctioning and malicious robots (Byzantine robots) can make it impossible to achieve consensus using classical consensus protocols. In this work, we show how a swarm of robots can achieve consensus even in the presence of Byzantine robots by exploiting blockchain technology. Bitcoin and later blockchain frameworks, such as Ethereum, have revolutionized financial transactions. These frameworks are based on decentralized databases (blockchains) that can achieve secure consensus in peer-to-peer networks. We illustrate our approach in a collective-sensing scenario where robots in a swarm are controlled via blockchain-based smart contracts (decentralized protocols executed via blockchain technology) that serve as ‘meta-controllers’ and we compare it to state-of-the-art consensus protocols using a robot swarm simulator. Additionally, we show that our blockchain-based approach can prevent attacks where robots forge a large number of identities (Sybil attacks). The developed robot-blockchain interface is released as open-source software in order to facilitate future research in blockchain-controlled robot swarms. Besides increasing security, we expect the presented approach to be important for data analysis, digital forensics, and robot-to-robot financial transactions in robot swarms.
Unraveling the Traveler’s Dilemma Puzzle. A Level-k Approach

This paper presents a heterogeneous agent model, based on level-k thinking, to explain non-equilibrium behavior commonly observed in experimental Traveler’s Dilemmas. The structural parameters of the model and the stationary type distribution are estimated using experimental data presented in Capra et al. [1999]. The model generates predictions which fit the data –both in and out-of sample– and provides comparative statics, which are consistent with several empirical findings reported in the literature. The estimates are used to investigate subject-specific posterior-type evolutions and learning patterns over ten times repeated experimental Traveler’s Dilemmas with randomly matched subjects. Subjects identified as level-0 or level-1 types in the first five periods tend to transition up by one level in the last five periods. Higher level types do either not change their behavior or they transition into naive Nash behavior after ten repetitions of the game.