Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flood Prediction using Hydrologic and ML-based Modeling: A Systematic Review

—Flooding, caused by the overflow of water bodies beyond their natural boundaries, has severe environmental and socioeconomic consequences. To effectively predict and mitigate flood events, accurate and reliable flood modeling techniques are essential. This study provides a comprehensive review of the latest modeling techniques used in flood prediction, classifying them into two main categories: hydrologic models and machine learning models based on artificial intelligence. By objectively assessing the advantages and disadvantages of each model type, we aim to synthesize a systematic analysis of the various flood modeling approaches in the current literature. Additionally, we explore the potential of hybrid strategies that combine both modeling methods' best characteristics to develop more effective flood control measures. Our findings provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of flood modeling, and our recommendations can contribute to the development of more efficient and accurate flood prediction systems.
Android Application for Tomato Leaf Disease Prediction Based on MobileNet Fine-tuning

TTomato is one of the most well-known and widely cultivated plants in the world. Tomato production result is affected by the conditions of the plants when they are cultivated. It may decrease due to leaf plant disease caused by climate change, pollinator decrease, microbial pets, or parasites. To prevent this, an image-based application is needed to identify tomato plant disease based on visually unique patterns or marks seen on leaves. In this paper, we proposed a CNN fine-tuned model that is based on MobileNet architectures to identify tomato leaf disease for mobile applications. Based on the results tested by K-fold cross-validation, the best accuracy achieved by the proposed model is 97.1%. In addition, the best average precision, recall, and F1 Score are 99.8%, 99.8%, and 99.5% respectively. The model with have best results is also implemented into Android-based mobile applications.
Effect of school lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on screen time among adolescents in Hungary: a longitudinal analysis

Introduction Studies indicate that due to school lockdown during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, screen time increased more steeply than pre-pandemic years. The aim of our study was to examine changes in screen time and its components (screen time spent on videos, games, homework, and other activities) of adolescents affected by COVID-19 school closures compared to controls from pre-pandemic years and to assess the effect of family structure and family communication. Methods Two sets of ninth-grader boys and girls transitioning into 10th grade were included in the analysis. The ‘pre-COVID classes’ (controls) completed the baseline survey in February 2018 and the follow-up survey in March 2019. ‘COVID classes’ (cases) completed the baseline survey in February 2020 (1 month before the COVID-19-related school lockdowns) and the follow-up survey in March 2021. Linear mixed models stratified by sex were built to assess the change in screen time over one year adjusted for family structure and communication. Results Our study population consisted of 227 controls (128 girls, 99 boys) and 240 cases (118 girls, 122 boys). Without COVID-19, overall screen time did not change significantly for boys, but there was a decrease in screen time for gaming by 0.63 h, which was accompanied by an increase of 1.11 h in screen time for other activities (consisting mainly of social media and communication). Because of the pandemic, all components increased by 1.44–2.24 h in boys. Girls’ screen time and its components remained stable without school lockdown, while it increased for videos and homework by 1.66–2.10 h because of school lockdown. Living in a single-parent household was associated with higher, while better family communication resulted in lower screen time. Discussion Our results indicate that COVID-19-related school lockdowns modified the age-specific increase in screen time for boys and girls as well. This trend, however, may be counterbalanced by improving communication between family members.
Daytime Temperature Trend Analysis in the City of Jakarta, Indonesia

2 Abstract: Temperature changes according to land use patterns become a common phenomenon in many cities around the globe. Various techniques and methods used to show the trend of temperature changes according to land use pattern in the city. One method is using temperature traverse. Based on this method of temperature measurements the north-south and east-west traverses were monitored and conducted in the city of Jakarta for the period from October 2012 to March 2013. Both the temperature traverses were carried out between 11:00 and 13:00 hrs. In general, the study found that the average monthly temperature is 34.9°C for the north south traverse with the CV of 4.4 and east-west traverse is 34.4°C with the CV of 5.6. Additionally, there was also the average temperature on weekdays (HK ) for the north south and east west of 35.3°C with the CV of 3.0 and 34.8°C with the CV of 2.6 respectively. Thus, the average temperature at the time of the holidays ( HC ) for the north south and east west were 34.4°C and 33.7°C, respectively with the CV of 2.2 and 1.1. Furthermore highest monthly temperature trends are occurring in October of 36.2°C for the north south and 37.7°C for the east-west traverses. Conversely, the lowest in November with an average value of 33.4°C for the north-south traverse, meanwhile the lowest temperature trends for the east-west traverse in the months of November and February with an average value of monthly temperature is 32.5°C. Based on observations obtained through the temperature traverse the average value of the urban heat island intensity for the north-south traverse is 2.0 °C while for the east - west traverse is 0.7°C. The observed temperature values are very high, particularly in the HK, thus producing an impact of discomfort feeling among the city of Jakarta dwellers.
Investigation of Glycosaminoglycans in Urine and Their Alteration in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

(1) Background: In this study, we evaluated the modulation of urine glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which resulted from etanercept (ETA) therapy in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in whom methotrexate therapy failed to improve their clinical condition. (2) Methods: The sulfated GAGs (sGAGs, by complexation with blue 1,9-dimethylmethylene), including chondroitin–dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) and heparan sulfate (HS), as well as non-sulfated hyaluronic acid (HA, using the immunoenzymatic method), were determined in the blood of 89 children, i.e., 30 healthy children and 59 patients with JIA both before and during two years of ETA treatment. (3) Results: We confirmed the remodeling of the urinary glycan profile of JIA patients. The decrease in the excretion of sGAGs (p < 0.05), resulting from a decrease in the concentration of the dominant fraction in the urine, i.e., CS/DS (p < 0.05), not compensated by an increase in the concentration of HS (p < 0.000005) and HA (p < 0.0005) in the urine of patients with the active disease, was found. The applied biological therapy, leading to clinical improvement in patients, at the same time, did not contribute to normalization of the concentration of sGAGs (p < 0.01) in the urine of patients, as well as CS/DS (p < 0.05) in the urine of sick girls, while it promoted equalization of HS and HA concentrations. These results indicate an inhibition of the destruction of connective tissue structures but do not indicate their complete regeneration. (4) Conclusions: The metabolisms of glycans during JIA, reflected in their urine profile, depend on the patient’s sex and the severity of the inflammatory process. The remodeling pattern of urinary glycans observed in patients with JIA indicates the different roles of individual types of GAGs in the pathogenesis of osteoarticular disorders in sick children. Furthermore, the lack of normalization of urinary GAG levels in treated patients suggests the need for continued therapy and continuous monitoring of its effectiveness, which will contribute to the complete regeneration of the ECM components of the connective tissue and thus protect the patient against possible disability.
INFLUENCE OF SALINITY ON THE HABITAT USE OF OYSTER REEFS IN THREE SOUTHWEST FLORIDA ESTUARIES

Abstract To gauge the influence of salinity on the habitat value of oyster reefs, spatial and seasonal patterns of the presence of reef-resident fishes and decapods were assessed in the Caloosahatchee, Estero, and Faka-Union estuaries of Southwest Florida. Lift nets (1 m2) containing 5 L of oyster clusters were deployed on intertidal reefs at three sites along the salinity gradient of each estuary. Nets were deployed during three seasonally dry and three seasonally wet months for a period of 30 d. Oyster densities were estimated at each site and a number of community metrics were calculated as a measure of habitat use (e.g., organism density, biomass, diversity, dominance, richness). Several metrics increased downstream in one or more systems (e.g., organism density, biomass, diversity) and in general appeared to be more related to salinity than to the density of living oysters present. Although organism density was higher during the wet season for all three systems, biomass was higher during the dry season in the Caloosahatchee. In the Caloosahatchee and the Estero, measures of biodiversity tended to be higher during the dry season. These results suggest that the salinity requirements of the organisms that inhabit oyster reefs should be considered in the planning of oyster-reef restoration or enhancement projects or in the management or alteration of freshwater inflow into estuaries.
Comprehensive Assessment of Albumin and Uric Acid Levels in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Comparative Case-Control Study Involving Different Risk Groups

Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant disorder that impacts the oral cavity and pharynx. Major risk factors for OSMF are attributed to the consumption of betel nuts or tobacco. These substances harbor various carcinogens that trigger the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants are pivotal in preserving cellular integrity and impeding the oncogenic transformation of body cells. In this context, albumin and uric acid, being primary antioxidants present in body fluids, bestow a defensive effect against this condition. Thus, the present study is designed to elucidate the differential concentration of albumin and uric acid between patient cases and healthy cohorts. Methodology This case-control study was conducted to evaluate the albumin and uric acid levels in individuals diagnosed with OSMF (cases) and compare them with healthy controls for a period of six months. A cohort of 100 individuals was partitioned into four groups, with each group comprising 25 individuals: Group I was made up of healthy individuals; Group II consisted of individuals who chew tobacco and areca nuts but are not affected by OSMF; Group III included individuals who only use tobacco without areca nuts and are afflicted with OSMF; and Group IV comprised individuals who consume a combination of areca nuts and tobacco and are diagnosed with OSMF. Biochemical evaluation was carried out using the BS-380 chemistry autoanalyzer (Mindray, Shenzhen, China), and the quantification of serum albumin and uric acid was performed by the uricase-peroxidase (POD) method with dihydroxybenzene sulfonic acid (DHBS). Results The study cohort of 100 individuals was made up of 70 males and 30 females, with an average age of 42.51 (11.62) years. The comparison of the mean concentration of serum albumin across all groups revealed that healthy controls exhibited the highest serum albumin concentration of 4.284 (0.618), with a statistically significant p-value (0.001) across all groups. A comparison of the mean value of serum uric acid among all groups showed that healthy controls had the highest value of serum uric acid (5.26±1.161), with a considerable p-value (0.001) between all groups. Conclusion The present study concluded that serum biomarkers assessed were high in healthy individuals and consumption of areca nuts, tobacco, and their products was significantly associated with low levels of albumin and uric acid. Therefore, both albumin and uric acid can be used as important biomarkers for uncovering oral premalignant lesions and conditions ahead of time and can also be used in mass screening.
Study the Variables Affecting Formulation of Ethylcellulose-based Microsponges Loaded with Clobetasol

Clobetasol propionate (CP) is a super potent corticosteroid widely used to treat various skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. However, its utility for topical application is hampered due to its common side effects, such as skin atrophy, steroidal acne, hypopigmentation, and allergic contact dermatitis. Microsponge is a unique three-dimensional microstructure particle with micro and nano-meters-wide cavities, which can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs providing increased efficacy and safety. The aim of the current study is to prepare and optimize clobetasol-loaded microsponges. The emulsion solvent diffusion method is used for the preparation of ethylcellulose (EC)-based microsponges. The impact of various formulation variables on microsponge's properties includes; drug: polymer ratio, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) quantities, the volume of external phase, and stirring rates investigated. The microsponges were characterized in terms of particle size, product yield, CP entrapment %, and in-vitro drug release behavior. The results report that increasing EC concentration led to a significant increase in particle size, with a decrease in product yield and drug entrapment %. Increasing stirring speed or external aqueous volume or PVA w/v % caused a non-significant decrease in production yield and CP entrapment % but showed a significant decrease, and increase in particle size, respectively. Finally, it was concluded that the ability to use ethylcellous as a Msg polymer matrix to prepare uniform, highly porous particles was confirmed by microscope observation and compatibility with CP.
Math Learning Outcomes with Cooperative Learning Model (STAD) Reviewed from Students’ Self Efficacy

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the STAD cooperative learning model in terms of students' self-efficacy towards mathematics learning outcomes, particularly in the topics of Least Common Multiple (KPK) and Greatest Common Divisor (FPB), for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Manyaran 02, divided into two learning groups: Class IV.A with 25 students and Class IV.B with 24 students. The research design employed in this study is quasi-experimental. Quasi-experimental research is conducted under conditions that do not allow for full control. Data collection utilized questionnaire and test techniques, followed by data analysis using a two-way ANOVA and further post hoc tests (multiple comparisons). Based on the tests, the test instrument was declared valid, with difficulty index reaching 𝑝 < 0.30 for difficult criteria and 𝑝 > 0.70 for easy criteria, as well as a reliability index of 𝑟11 > 0.70. The study findings indicate that there is no significant effect of the STAD cooperative learning model on mathematics learning outcomes when viewed from the self-efficacy of fourth-grade students. However, the relationship between the STAD model and self-efficacy in mathematics learning outcomes shows positive results. Students with higher self-efficacy indices are proven to have better learning outcomes compared to those with lower self-efficacy levels.
Morphometrics of Intraspecific Populations of Stingless Bee Tetragonula iridipennis Smith from Southern Tamil Nadu

Stingless bees also referred to as meliponine bees and morphological characteristics of these differ depending on are the species and environmental kinds. The current study explores morphology and morphometrics of Tetragonula iridipennis Smith in Tamil Nadu, India. The morphometrics of worker bees were compared over locations. The bees captured in the Kolli hills were significantly larger than those collected elsewhere. The mean value of head length (HL) (1.43 mm), head width (HW) (1.68 mm), antennal length (AL) (1.98 mm), hind leg length (HLL) (3.54 mm) and forewing length (FL) (3.84 mm) were recorded. The results revealed variance of four principal components (PC) reaching 82.4%, as (PC1) 38.58%, (PC2) 20.95%, (PC 3) 19.75% and (PC4) 8.10%. The characters of FL, HW, FW (forewing width), HLL, AL, OOD (ocello ocular distance), HTW (hind tibial width) and HL were the most discriminative in the principal component analysis.
Nonlinear Internal Tides in a Realistically Forced Global Ocean Simulation

The decay of the low‐mode internal tide due to the superharmonic energy cascade is investigated in a realistically forced global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model simulation with 1/25° (4 km) horizontal grid spacing. Time‐mean and depth‐integrated supertidal kinetic energy is found to be largest near low‐latitude internal tide generation sites, such as the Bay of Bengal, Amazon Shelf, and Mascarene Ridge. The supertidal kinetic energy can make up to 50% of the total internal tide kinetic energy several hundred kilometers from the generation sites. As opposed to the tidal flux divergence, the supertidal flux divergence does not correlate with the barotropic to baroclinic energy conversion. Instead, the time‐mean and depth‐integrated supertidal flux divergence correlates with the nonlinear kinetic energy transfers from (sub)tidal to supertidal frequency bands as estimated with a novel coarse‐graining approach. The regular spaced banding patterns of the surface‐intensified nonlinear energy transfers are attributed to semidiurnal mode 1 and mode 2 internal waves that interfere constructively at the surface. This causes patches where both surface tidal kinetic energy and nonlinear energy transfers are elevated. The simulated internal tide off the Amazon Shelf steepens significantly near these patches, generating solitary‐like waves in good agreement with Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery. Globally, we find that regions of high supertidal energy flux also show a high correlation with observed instances of internal solitary waves.
Wind Erosion of Cropland in the Northwestern Tarim Basin

The Aksu region within the Tarim Basin is a major source of windblown dust in China due to the arid climate and vast areas under intensive irrigated crop production. Despite the importance of crop production to human subsistence and the local economy, little is known about the amount of soil eroded by wind from agricultural lands in the region. Passive aeolian sediment collectors were used to measure soil loss from an irrigated cotton (Gossypium spp.) field and red date (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) orchard in the Aksu Oasis during high wind events in 2012 and 2013. Mass of sediment trapped by the collectors was best described as a power function of height above the surface in the cotton field and red date orchard. Soil loss from the cotton field ranged from 0 to 142 g m⁻², whereas soil loss from the red date orchard ranged from 0 to 71 g m⁻² for single- or multiple-day high wind events. Total soil loss from the cotton field and red date orchard, for the high wind events observed in this study, was 130 and 96 g m⁻², respectively, in 2012 and 305 and 165 g m⁻², respectively, in 2013. Soil loss was similar to that reported from agricultural lands in other regions of the world. Although soil loss is relatively small compared with the Gobi Desert in China, poor air quality in the Tarim Basin necessitates identifying crop and soil management practices for reducing windblown dust and conserving the soil resource.
Do Remittances Contribute To The Agricultural Investment Among Small Scale Farmers

The present study entitled “Do remittances contribute to the agricultural investment among small scale farmers” (with reference to Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) was conducted in District Peshawar and District Chitral. A sample size of 500 (250 migrants in District Peshawar and 250 respondents of their dependent family members back in District Chitral) was selected out of total 5000 through simple random sampling procedure. Interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection in the study area. Percentage and frequencies were used to know about the phenomenal aspects of the study. Moreover, T-test was used to measure the comparison before and after migration in the study area. The results disclosed that a highly significant (P=0.000) relationship found between amount spent after migration on use of quality in-put to raise agricultural production. Similarly, amount spent after migration on livestock showed a highly significant relationship (P=0.000). Likewise, a highly significant relationship (P=0.000) was found amount spent after migration on other businesses to increase house hold income. Furthermore, a highly significant relationship (P=0.000) was found between amount spent after migration on fuel use. It was concluded that migrant’s remittances contributed a lot in bringing quality of life of the local people through Improvement in agricultural investment with visible changes such as use of quality in-puts in agriculture, fuel use and livestock surfaced up due to continuous flow of remittances from place of migration (Peshawar) to place of destination (Chitral). Government should provide small loans to the poor farmers on concessional basis to improve their small farming were recommended as a policy recomendadation
Variation of destination image with visitation status: A case of inbound tourists to Tanzania

This study aimed at exploring the differences between the preand post trip image held by inbound travellers to Tanzania. The relationships between destination image and destination familiarity that was dimensionalized as previous destination experiences, planning horizon, and sources of travel information were also tested in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used in data collection with the data subjected to t-tests and ANOVA tests. The result indicates the post-trip destination image to become more favourable compared to the pre-trip image for some attributes. Differences between the first time and repeat visitors were noted for adventure, natural attractions, and easiness in intra-destination image attributes. Generally, as the planning horizon increases the destination image becomes more favourable. The results provide insights into destination marketing and destination experience management to tourism stakeholders.