Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What do robust policies look like for open economy inflation targeters

For policymakers, thinking about best practice monetary policy means thinking about uncertainty. Open economy monetary policymakers face an additional source of uncertainty â€“ exchange rate dynamics. This paper identifies policy rules robust to the open economy inflation targeters face in practice. For Knight (1921), uncertainty differs from risk because the policymaker does not know the nature of the uncertainty and is unable to form a probability distribution or risk statement, over different possible models. Hansen and Sargent (2004) apply Knightâ€™s (1921) philosophy to the linear-quadratic control framework, recognizing that policy-makers work with models which are approximations to some true, unknown model and seek a rule that is robust to models close to the policymakerâ€™s best approximation. While there exist some open economy robust control policy experiments (Leitemo and SA¶derstrA¶m (2004) obtain analytical robust control solutions for a purely forward-looking new Keynesian model) the majority of the literature focuses on the closed economy. This paper calibrates a single open economy model to capture the key open economy dynamics for Australia, Canada and New Zealand, three of the earliest inflation targeters that form a useful dataset for identifying robust monetary policy rules in practice. Robust policies are found to respond more aggressively to not only inflation and the output gap, but also the exchange rate and its associated shock. This result generalizes to the context of a flexible inflation targeting central bank that cares about the volatility of the real exchange rate. However, when the central bank places only a small weight on interest rate smoothing and fears misspecification in only exchange rate determination, a more aggressive response to the lag of the exchange rate is not warranted. It is shown that the benefits of an exchange rate channel far outweigh the concomitant costs of uncertain exchange rate determination.
Inovasi Pengembangan Sistem Infomasi untuk Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Perawat dalam Pencegahan Pasien Jatuh

Kepatuhan perawat dalam pencegahan pasien jatuh sangat diperlukan untuk meminimalkan terjadinya kejadian yang tidak diinginkan di rumah sakit. Rendahnya kepatuhan perawat akan menyebabkan kejadian pasien jatuh yang dapat disertai cedera. Upaya untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan perawat dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan perawat dalam pencegahan pasien jatuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pengembangan sistem informasi pencegahan pasien jatuh (SIPENJA) sebagai inovasi untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan perawat dalam pencegahan pasien jatuh.
Triangularity and Dipole Asymmetry in Heavy Ion Collisions

We introduce a cumulant expansion to parametrize possible initial conditions in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We show that the cumulant expansion converges and that it can systematically reproduce the results of Glauber type initial conditions. At third order in the gradient expansion the cumulants characterize the triangularity and the dipole asymmetry of the initial entropy distribution. We show that for midperipheral collisions the orientation angle of the dipole asymmetry {psi}{sub 1,3} has a 20% preference out of plane. This leads to a small net v{sub 1} out of plane. In peripheral and midcentral collisions the orientation angles {psi}{sub 1,3} and {psi}{sub 3,3} are strongly correlated, but this correlation disappears towards central collisions. We study the ideal hydrodynamic response to these cumulants and determine the associated v{sub 1}/{epsilon}{sub 1} and v{sub 3}/{epsilon}{sub 3} for a massless ideal gas equation of state. The space time development of v{sub 1} and v{sub 3} is clarified with figures. These figures show that v{sub 1} and v{sub 3} develop toward the edge of the nucleus, and consequently the final spectra are more sensitive to the viscous dynamics of freezeout. The hydrodynamic calculations for v{sub 3} are provisionally compared tomore » Alver and Roland fit of STAR inclusive two-particle correlation functions. Finally, we propose to measure the v{sub 1} associated with the dipole asymmetry and the correlations between {psi}{sub 1,3} and {psi}{sub 3,3} by measuring a two-particle correlation with respect to the participant plane . The hydrodynamic prediction for this correlation function is several times larger than a correlation currently measured by the STAR collaboration . This experimental measurement would provide convincing evidence for the hydrodynamic and geometric interpretation of two-particle correlations at RHIC. « less
Paleolimnological Assessment of Wildfire‐Derived Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Metal(loid)s and Major Ions to Subarctic Lakes (Northwest Territories, Canada)

Wildfires release terrestrial elements to the atmosphere as aerosols, and these events are becoming more frequent and intense in the Arctic boreal forest as the climate is warming. We quantified the impact of atmospheric deposition of aerosols from local wildfires on metal(loid) fluxes using macroscopic charcoal accumulation rates, historical fire mapping, and element concentrations in 210Pb‐dated lake sediment from five subarctic lakes with small catchments. Lake sediments showed small but significant increases in fluxes (median = 5–10%) for 22 trace metals, metalloids, or major ions following fire events. The impact of wildfire aerosols on element fluxes was mostly due to short‐term (≤2 years) increasing sedimentation rate (6 ± 41% increase), whereas sediment element concentrations were not strongly impacted. Wildfire‐associated deposition to lake sediments was mainly composed of Ca, Al, Fe, Mg, K, Mn, and Na, which are major constituents of ash from burned biomass, but changes in sediment flux were greatest for Sb, As, Ni, Ba, Mn, Mo, and Sr compared to pre‐disturbance conditions. Compared to anthropogenic sources of pollution, wildfire‐associated atmospheric fluxes of metal contaminants to the lakes (e.g., Hg, Pb, As, Sb, and Cd) were low. This study provides quantitative estimates of wildfire impacts on atmospheric geochemical fluxes to subarctic lakes, which can be used for modeling larger‐scale impacts under changing fire regimes.
Globally Soft Filter Pruning For Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks

This paper propose a cumulative saliency based Globally Soft Filter Pruning (GSFP) scheme to prune redundant filters of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Specifically, the GSFP adopts a robust pruning method, which measures the global redundancy of the filter in the whole model by using the soft pruning strategy. In addition, in the model recovery process after pruning, we use the cumulative saliency strategy to improve the accuracy of pruning. GSFP has two advantages over previous works: (1) More accurate pruning guidance. For a pre-trained CNN model, the saliency of the filter varies with different input data. Therefore, accumulating the saliency of the filter over the entire data set can provide more accurate guidance for pruning. On the other hand, pruning from a global perspective is more accurate than local pruning. (2) More robust pruning strategy. We propose a reasonable normalization formula to prevent certain layers of filters in the network from being completely clipped due to excessive pruning rate. Experiment results show that GSFP is effective on many classic CNN architectures and different data sets. Within my knowledge, GSFP is the first algorithm to combine global and soft pruning strategies. Notably, on MNIST and CIFAR10, it achieves a much higher compression ratio compared with prior work while maintaining the same test accuracy.
THE HIGH ENERGY LHC BEAM-BEAM EFFECTS STUDIES

We present in this paper the studies of beam-beam effects for the High Energy Large Hadron Collider. We will describe and review the different aspects of beam-beam interactions (i.e. orbit effects, Landau damping, compensation schemes and operational set-up). An operational scenario for the collider will also be given as a result of the study.
On the vorticity transport due to dissipating or breaking waves in shallow-water flow

Theoretical and numerical results are presented on the transport of vorticity (or potential vorticity) due to dissipating gravity waves in a shallow-water system with background rotation and bottom topography. The results are obtained under the assumption that the flow can be decomposed into small-scale gravity waves and a large-scale mean flow. The particle-following formalism of ‘generalized Lagrangian-mean’ theory is then used to derive an ‘effective mean force’ that captures the vorticity transport due to the dissipating waves. This can be achieved without neglecting other, non-dissipative, effects which is an important practical consideration. It is then shown that the effective mean force obeys the so-called ‘pseudomomentum rule’, i.e. the force is approximately equal to minus the local dissipation rate of the wave's pseudomomentum. However, it is also shown that this holds only if the underlying dissipation mechanism is momentum-conserving. This requirement has important implications for numerical simulations, and these are discussed. The novelty of the results presented here is that they have been derived within a uniform theoretical framework, that they are not restricted to small wave amplitude, ray-tracing or JWKB-type approximations, and that they also include wave dissipation by breaking, or shock formation. The theory is tested carefully against shock-capturing nonlinear numerical simulations, which includes the detailed study of a wavetrain subject to slowly varying bottom topography. The theory is also cross-checked in the appropriate asymptotic limit against recently formulated weakly nonlinear theories. In addition to the general finite-amplitude theory, detailed small-amplitude expressions for the main results are provided in which the explicit appearance of Lagrangian fields can be avoided. The motivation for this work stems partly from an on-going study of high-altitude breaking of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere, and some preliminary remarks on atmospheric applications and on three-dimensional stratified versions of these results are given.
Pleasing the Principal: U.S. Influence in World Bank Policymaking

To what extent do powerful stakeholders shape policy in international organizations? Using an under-utilized data set on the conditions associated with World Bank development policy loans, we find that borrower countries that vote with the U.S. at the UN are required to enact fewer domestic policy reforms, and on fewer and softer issue areas. Though American preferences permeate World Bank decisionmaking, we do not find evidence that borrower countries trade favors and get the U.S. to actively intervene on their behalf, perhaps because they apply their limited political leverage to more stringent IMF conditions. Instead, we propose that U.S. influence operates indirectly when World Bank staff design programs that reflect the interests of its largest shareholder. While IMF conditions have been studied extensively, our study provides a direct quantitative examination of World Bank conditions as well as novel descriptive analysis comparing the substance of conditionality at the two leading international financial institutions.
The Impact of the Big Fish Effect on Investor Reactions to Financial and Nonfinancial Disclosure

Abstract Via two experiments, we examine how management’s flexibility in framing its numerical data affects investor judgments. In specific, we examine whether investors are susceptible to a Big Fish effect where percentage data presented as a larger percentage of a smaller subset is more desirable than percentage data presented as a smaller percentage of a larger subset, holding constant the economic value of both amounts. Our first experiment demonstrates that, after holding the information content constant, highlighting a firm’s larger sales growth in a smaller sector in press release headlines increases investors’ willingness to invest in the firm compared with highlighting the firm’s smaller sales growth in a larger sector. Our second experiment further demonstrates that framing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) accomplishments as larger achievements in smaller areas leads to more favorable investor perceptions about the firm’s CSR performance than framing the same accomplishments as smaller achievements in larger areas, particularly when the numerical information is presented with visual images. The findings from this study have important implications for investors, firm management, and regulators.
Constraining an Ocean Model Under Getz Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Using A Gravity‐Derived Bathymetry

Getz Ice Shelf, the largest producer of ice shelf meltwater in Antarctica, buttresses glaciers that hold enough ice to raise sea level by 22 cm. We present a new bathymetry of its sub‐ice shelf cavity using a three‐dimensional inversion of airborne gravity data constrained by multibeam bathymetry at sea and a reconstruction of the bedrock from mass conservation on land. The new bathymetry is deeper than previously estimated with differences exceeding 500 m in a number of regions. When incorporated into an ocean model, it yields a better description of the spatial distribution of ice shelf melt, specifically along glacier grounding lines. While the melt intensity is overestimated because of a positive bias in ocean thermal forcing, the study reveals the main pathways along which warm oceanic water enters the cavity and corroborates the observed rapid retreat of Berry Glacier along a deep channel with a retrograde bed slope.
Organizations, Climate Change, and Transparency

The debate surrounding climate change often centers on companies’ contributions to global warming, which has led to an increase in the importance of carbon disclosure. We evaluate the current state of related research and identify its trends, coherences, and caveats via a systematic literature review. Sociopolitical theories of disclosure, economic theories of disclosure, and institutional theory serve as the main theoretical anchors for our exploration. The existing research emphasizes the determinants and, to a lesser extent, effects of carbon disclosure, as well as the associated regulatory issues such as voluntary versus mandatory disclosure. Additionally, we discuss related topics, such as assurance and risks. We find that a large portion of scholarly work provides no link to theory, despite the fact that such links can be identified, for example, from the financial disclosure literature. Finally, we report on the established knowledge and examine the need for additional research.
Enhancing Economics Learning using Classroom Experiments on Mobile Applications in Higher Education

We have proposed that implementing classroom experiments is one of the strategies that optimizes the use of mobile devices. Traditionally, classroom experiments are conducted in hand-run form or in computerized, usually online, form. We have compared different means of running classroom experiments and discussed some of the pedagogical and practical concerns faced by instructors, namely the cost of pre-class preparation, in-class implementation and post-class preparation. Introducing a mobile app that implements classroom games and experiments does not only enhance active learning in economics, but it also significantly reduces the implementation costs. Author
Stability of condensed fuzzy dark matter halos

Stability properties of gravitationally bound condensates composed of ultralight axionic Fuzzy Dark Matter (FDM) are studied. Previous work has shown that astrophysical collisions could make self-gravitating condensates structurally unstable, making them prone to collapse and decay; in the context of FDM, we reexamine the relevant timescales using the time-dependent variational method. We show that FDM condensates can be made unstable through gravitational interactions with central black holes, for black hole masses in a phenomenologically relevant range. Instability could also be stimulated by galaxy collisions. The subsequent decay takes place over a period lasting as long as many thousands of years. We also discuss the possible relevance of FDM condensates to understanding the composition of Ultracompact Dwarf (UCD) Galaxies. Future observation of extremely massive black holes in the central regions of UCDs can constrain this interpretation.
Improving work incentives: evaluation of tax policy reform using SRMOD

Inactivity and unemployment rates as well as informal employment rates in Serbia are particularly high among low-paid labor. Labour tax wedge is average at higher wage levels, but high at lower wage levels. The relatively high labour tax burden for low-paid employees is due to several reasons. The most important one is the existence of mandatory minimum base for social security contribution (SSC). This paper uses the tax and benefit micro-simulation model for Serbia (SRMOD), which is based upon EUROMOD platform, in order to evaluate the effects of the abolishment of mandatory minimum SSC base on labour supply incentives. We found that this policy reform would reduce effective average tax rates by more than it would reduce marginal tax rates implying a larger participation response than hours-of-work response. A decrease in both tax rates is most pronounced for lower income groups.
A simple superconductor quantum interference device for testing gravity

A simple tabletop setup based on a superconducting quantum interference device is proposed for testing the gravitational interaction. A D-shaped superconducting loop has the straight segment immersed inside a massive sphere while the half-circle segment is wrapped around the sphere. The superconducting condensate within the straight arm of the loop thus bathes inside a gravitational simple harmonic oscillator potential while the condensate in the half-circle arm bathes in the constant gravitational potential around the sphere. The resulting phase difference at the Josephson junctions on both sides of the straight arm induces a sinusoidal electric current that has a frequency determined by the precise gravitational potential due to the massive sphere.
Child-centered approach： How is it perceived by preschool educators in Mongolia？

This study is an attempt to grasp Mongolian preschool educators' perceptions on child-centered approach (CCA). CCA was externally introduced to Mongolia about 10 years ago as a diametrically different education from that of the socialist period. The study also aims to examine the differences that may exist among teachers in different types of kindergarten. A total of 262 surveys were completed by preschool educators of typical kindergartens and externally-supported Step by Step program kindergartens. These kindergartens are symbolically referred to ordinary kindergarten (OK) and special kindergarten (SK). Descriptive analysis and Pearson Chi-square test were conducted. The results show that preschool educators in general have interests in CCA, hold some notions similar to that of the Western society, and apply CCA in their interactions with children, at least in terms of discourse. However, their understandings are one-sided and complicated. While preschool educators tend to place importance on children's individuality, they appear to be less concerned about teachers and their roles. SK teachers tend to think that CCA is very appropriate for today's kindergarten life. In contrast, OK teachers appear to perceive CCA as not so appropriate; teachers tend to disvalue CCA for being time-consuming, requiring teachers to spend much time organizing appropriate environment. Interestingly, SK teachers tend to think that CCA is undesirable for discipline and moral of a class, and for collectivity. OK teachers tend to put more emphasis on knowledge construction, and knowledge provision or acquisition. The author concludes with some suggestions for policy-makers and those interested in research on educational export and import.
Maxillary symmetry, mandibular symmetry and condylar position in functional unilateral posterior cross bite patients

Objective: To investigate mandibular symmetry, maxillary symmetry and condylar position in patients with functional unilateral posterior crossbite (FUPXB) using Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). Materials and Methods: 15 patients (mean age 13 ± 3 years) with FUPXB underwent MSCT scans. Skeletal and dental measurements were taken to assess mandibular and maxillary symmetry. Medial and Lateral Joint spaces were compared between normal and crossbite sides in those patients. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between crossbite and normal sides regarding skeletal and dental mandibular and maxillary measurements and regarding condylar position. Conclusions: patients with FUPXB showed mandibular and maxillary symmetry. Those patients revealed symmetric condylar position between normal and crossbite sides.
Strategies in Teaching and Engaging the Millennial Generation

Higher education has witnessed the birth of Millennial generation who forms the majority-group students in universities. Given the generation unique characteristics, teachers need to apply strategies that can develop the Millennial students’ potentials. The inability to properly address the matter may cause impediments in cultivating the generation’s full potentials. Hence, this paper aims to explain teachers’ strategies in developing productive engagement with this generation through the teaching learning process in the classroom. Qualitative methodology was employed in this study in which ten teachers were interviewed concerning their strategies in teaching their Millennial students. Using focus group interviews, the data revealed that six strategies were employed by the teachers in teaching and engaging with the students which include promoting collaboration, promoting students’ engagement inside and outside the classroom, encouraging knowledge creation, developing critical thinking, applying research-based teaching and incorporating technology. These findings have brought significant changes to the teachers in adjusting their teaching paradigm and engaging students to learning i.e. from teacher-centred to student-centred learning. Therefore, teachers at higher education particularly, should consider appropriate teaching strategies that are compatible with the Millennial generation’s characteristics in engaging them into learning.
Choosing private compulsory schools: A means for class distinctions or responsible parenting?

This study aims to explore the social and ethnic background of pupils admitted to private schools at the compulsory level in Iceland so as to identify possible social class segregation between public and private schools. Additionally, we examine how parents reason their choice of private education for their children. Bourdieu’s concepts of capital, symbolic power and distinction are used to think through our findings. Data consist of descriptive statistics and interviews with parents. Our findings show that many of the private schools attract privileged parents, but that this is contingent upon the schools’ geographical location. Parental discourse links good behaviour and ambition with the private schools, while simultaneously labelling the public schools as failing. Parents who align with the intellectual fraction show signs of experiencing a moral dilemma over their choice. Overall, our findings suggest that to some extent, private schools serve as a tool for educational distinction.