Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influences of diurnal variability and ocean acidification on the bioerosion rates of two reef‐dwelling Caribbean sponges

Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to modify the structure and function of coral reef ecosystems by reducing calcification, increasing bioerosion, and altering the physiology of many marine organisms. Much of our understanding of these relationships is based on experiments with static OA treatments, although evidence suggests that the magnitude of diurnal fluctuations in carbonate chemistry may modulate the calcification response to OA. These light‐mediated swings in seawater pH are projected to become more extreme with OA, yet their impact on bioerosion remains unknown. We evaluated the influence of diurnal carbonate chemistry variability on the bioerosion rates of two Caribbean sponges: the zooxanthellate Cliona varians and azooxanthellate Cliothosa delitrix. Replicate fragments from multiple colonies of each species were exposed to four precisely controlled pH treatments: contemporary static (8.05 ± 0.00; mean pH ± diurnal pH oscillation), contemporary variable (8.05 ± 0.10), future OA static (7.80 ± 0.00), and future OA variable (7.80 ± 0.10). Significantly enhanced bioerosion rates, determined using buoyant weight measurements, were observed under more variable conditions in both the contemporary and future OA scenarios for C. varians, whereas the same effect was only apparent under contemporary pH conditions for C. delitrix. These results indicate that variable carbonate chemistry has a stimulating influence on sponge bioerosion, and we hypothesize that bioerosion rates evolve non‐linearly as a function of pCO2 resulting in different magnitudes and directions of rate enhancement/reduction between day and night, even with an equal fluctuation around the mean. This response appeared to be intensified by photosymbionts, evident by the consistently higher percent increase in bioerosion rates for photosynthetic C. varians across all treatments. These findings further suggest that more variable natural ecosystems may presently experience elevated sponge bioerosion rates and that the heightened impact of OA enhanced bioerosion on reef habitat could occur sooner than prior predictions.
Increased protein intake derived from leucine-enriched protein enhances the integrated myofibrillar protein synthetic response to short-term resistance training in untrained men and women: a 4-day randomized controlled trial.

Leucine is a critical amino acid stimulating myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS). The consumption of higher leucine-containing drinks stimulates MyoPS, but we know less about higher leucine solid foods. Here we examined the effect of short-term resistance exercise training (STRT) combined with supplementation of a protein and leucine-enriched bar, compared with STRT alone, on integrated (%/d) rates of MyoPS and anabolic protein signaling. In a non-blinded, randomized crossover trial, eight young adults performed four sessions of STRT without or while consuming the study bar (STRT+Leu, 16g of protein containing ∼3g of leucine) for two 4d phases, separated by 2d non-exercise (Rest) washout. In combination with serial muscle biopsies, deuterated water permitted the measurement of myofibrillar protein synthesis and protein signaling phosphorylation. MyoPS during STRT (1.43 ± 0.06 %/d) and STRT+Leu (1.53 ± 0.06 %/d) were greater than Rest (1.31 ± 0.05 %/d), and MyoPS during STRT+Leu (1.53 ± 0.06 %/d) was greater than STRT alone (1.43 ± 0.06 %/d). STRT+Leu increased the ratio of phosphorylated to total mTOR and 4EBP1 compared to Rest. Engaging in STRT increased integrated MyoPS and protein signaling in young adults and was enhanced with increased protein intake derived from a leucine-enriched protein bar. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03796897.
An exploration into the impact that shift work has on the nutritional behaviours of UK police officers

Abstract Police officers are at high risk of developing obesity and cardiometabolic health conditions. Their job presents challenges that contribute to this, predominantly shift work, which causes circadian misalignment and can impair metabolism. Food consumption plays a critical role in the synchronisation of the circadian system. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the barriers and the impact that different shift types have on the dietary habits of police officers in the UK. A concurrent mixed-methods design was used through an online survey that was open to all police officers who were currently working shifts in the UK. One hundred and twenty-seven police officers were included in the analysis. Diet quality was significantly worse on all shift types than on rest days (P < 0·001) and was negatively correlated with BMI on all shifts: early shift (= −0·29, P = 0·001), late shift (rs(105) = −0·25, P = 0·009), nightshift (rs(104) = −0·24, P = 0·013) and rest days (rs(117) = −0·31, P = 0·001). Participants reported that shift work had altered their frequency and timing of food consumption and had increased their reliance on convenience and poor-quality food. Barriers to healthy eating included lacking time (87 %), motivation (65 %) and cost (48 %). Convenience was ranked the highest influence on food choice (49 %), followed by price (41·5 %). Police officers are faced with unavoidable challenges when it comes to eating healthily. Future police-specific dietary interventions are required, providing practical solutions to these barriers so that behaviour change is more likely to be implemented.
Utilizing the same incision for staged renal transplant in patients with polycystic kidney disease requiring hand‐assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy

Many autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients undergo nephrectomy and subsequent renal transplantation. We report our outcomes after hand‐assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy (HALN) where a Rutherford‐Morrison incision is used as a hand‐port site and kidney extraction site, as well the future incision site for staged transplantation.
CYCLIN K down-regulation induces androgen receptor gene intronic polyadenylation, variant expression and PARP inhibitor vulnerability in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Significance Expression of androgen receptor variants (AR-Vs) is implicated in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). Others have shown that androgen depletion or antiandrogen treatment induces AR-V expression in PCa cell lines, xenografts, and patient samples, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our findings reveal that hormonal therapy–induced CYCLIN K down-regulation represents a key mechanism that drives intronic polyadenylation (IPA) usage in the AR gene and AR-V expression and castration resistance in PCa, and that this mechanism of action can be therapeutically targeted by the PARP inhibitor.
Joint Kinematics, Kinetics and Muscle Synergy Patterns During Transitions Between Locomotion Modes

There is an increasing demand for accurately predicting human movement intentions. To be effective, predictions must be performed as early as possible in the preceding step, though precisely how early has been studied relatively little; how and when a person's movement patterns in a transition step deviate from those in the preceding step must be clearly defined. In this study, we collected motion kinematics, kinetics and electromyography data from 9 able-bodied participants during 7 locomotion modes. Twelve types of steps between the 7 locomotion modes were studied, including 5 continuous steps (taking another step in the same locomotion mode) and 7 transitions steps (taking a step from one locomotion mode into another). For each joint degree of freedom, joint angles, angular velocities, moments, and moment rates were compared between continuous steps and transition steps, and the relative timing during the transition step at which these parameters diverged from those of a continuous step, which we refer to as transition starting times, were identified using multiple analyses of variance. Muscle synergies were also extracted for each step, and we studied in which locomotion modes these synergies were common (task-shared) and in which modes they were specific (task-specific). The transition starting times varied among different transitions and joint degrees of freedom. Most transitions started in the swing phase of the transition step. These findings can be applied to determine the critical timing at which a powered assistive device must adapt its control to enable safe and comfortable support to a user.
HIV-1 subtype B spread through cross-border clusters in the Balkans: a molecular analysis in view of incidence trends

Objectives: To analyze phylogenetic relations and assess the role of cross-border clusters in the spread of HIV-1 subtype B across the Balkans, given the general trends of new HIV diagnoses in seven Balkan countries. Design: Retrospective phylogenetic and trend analysis. Methods: In-depth phylogenetic, phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis performed on 2415 HIV-1 subtype B sequences from 1999 to 2019 using maximal likelihood and Bayesian methods. The joinpoint regression analysis of new HIV diagnoses by country and modes of transmission using 2004–2019 ECDC data. Results: Ninety-three HIV-1 Subtype B transmission clusters (68% of studied sequences) were detected of which four cross-border clusters (11% of studied sequences). Phylodynamic analysis showed activity of cross-border clusters up until the mid-2000s, with a subsequent stationary growth phase. Phylogeography analyses revealed reciprocal spread patterns between Serbia, Slovenia and Montenegro and several introductions to Romania from these countries and Croatia. The joinpoint analysis revealed a reduction in new HIV diagnoses in Romania, Greece and Slovenia, whereas an increase in Serbia, Bulgaria, Croatia and Montenegro, predominantly among MSM. Conclusion: Differing trends of new HIV diagnoses in the Balkans mirror differences in preventive policies implemented in participating countries. Regional spread of HIV within the countries of former Yugoslavia has continued to play an important role even after country break-up, whereas the spread of subtype B through multiple introductions to Romania suggested the changing pattern of travel and migration linked to European integration of Balkan countries in the early 2000s.
Food waste perceptions and reported behaviours during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

An increasing corpus of data demonstrated the disruptive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food consumption habits, particularly food waste, but the Balkan area is often overlooked. Accordingly, this study investigates the immediate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer knowledge and reported behaviours linked to food waste in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was based on an online survey with 2425 participants using the Google forms platform from 10 April to 10 May 2020. This period coincided with the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Consumers’ behaviours regarding where and how often they buy food, their attitude towards food labels, food provision and particularly the amounts and values of food waste and how they handle it were investigated. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics methods, and the significance of the association between variables was determined using nonparametric and multivariate statistical tests. The study’s findings revealed that (i) Bosnia has a low rate of household food waste and a favourable attitude towards food waste prevention, (ii) the majority of the respondents are familiar with the most common expiry labels, notably ‘use by’ and ‘best before’ and (iii) consumers adjusted their buying and consumption patterns due to the pandemic. The findings of this research are essential for developing evidence-based policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the post-pandemic recovery period since they are unique to that country. Indeed, the crisis’ lessons and insights may be used to help move towards more sustainable consumption habits.
Endoscopic necrosectomy of infected WON in acute necrotising pancreatitis – Development of an effective therapeutic algorithm based on a single-center consecutive patient cohort

Abstract Objective Development of an effective therapeutic algorithm for interventional (minimally invasive) approach to infected walled-off necrosis (WON) in patients with necrotising pancreatitis reflecting real-word data. Material/methods All consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic necrosectomy for necrotising pancreatitis through a defined study period were enclosed in this retrospective observational case study. The therapeutic approach was analysed for clinical success rate, complication spectrum and rate as well as mortality and compared with data from the literature. Finally, a therapeutic algorithm was derived. Results From 2004 to 2019, 126 patients with necrotising pancreatitis (median of APACHE II score, 10.5 points) were treated. In 92.9 % of cases ( n =117), an infected WON with microbial pathogen detection was found. After a median of 18 days from symptom onset, first intervention was performed (53.2 % as percutaneous drainage with programmed rinsing, 29.4 % as EUS-guided internal drainage). From 2004 to 2010, double pigtail stents were used. Later, lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) such as AXIOS TM stent (Boston Scientific, Ratingen, Germany) was preferred. The combined percutaneous and internal drainage was performed in approximately 50 % of subjects. Endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy was performed in 123 patients (97.6 %) at a median of 33 days from symptom onset. Endoscopic percutaneous necrosectomy was conducted in 11.1 % of the individuals. A median number of two endoscopic necrosectomy sessions per patient was necessary for the therapy. The clinical success rate (discharge without surgical intervention) was 82.5 %. The complication rate (bleeding and perforation) and the need for surgery were both 9.5 %. The overall mortality was 8.7 %. Conclusion Therapy of necrotising pancreatitis with infected WON consists of early calculated antibiotic therapy with adequate drainage. Combined external and internal drainages with programmed rinsing seem to improve prognosis, as well as minimise i) the need for forced necrosectomies (mainly via a transluminal access site) and ii) complication rate as well as, thus, improve outcome.
Propolis extract reduces heterocyclic aromatic amine formation in chicken thigh meat

ABSTRACT 1. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of propolis extract on reducing the formation of carcinogenic/mutagenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), thereby minimising dietary exposure in human consumers. 2. Chicken thigh meat samples were marinated with various concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%) of propolis extract, and cooked in a pan at 150°C or 200°C. Proximate composition, pH, lipid oxidation, creatine, creatinine content and twelve HAA levels of samples were analysed. 3. Varying levels of IQx (≤35.44 ng/g), MeIQx (≤0.58 ng/g), MeIQ (≤1.60 ng/g), 7,8-DiMeIQx (≤0.83 ng/g), 4,8-DiMeIQx (≤0.75 ng/g), Harman (≤5.54 ng/g), Trp-P-2 (≤1.77 ng/g), PhIP (≤1.61 ng/g) and AαC (≤0.93 ng/g) were quantified in control samples. Total HAA levels ranged between 2.83 and 47.26 ng/g across all samples. Propolis extract decreased the levels of total HAAs by 41.2–89.4% and 49.4–91.4% at 150°C and 200°C, respectively. 4. The results demonstrated that propolis extract marination might be an effective strategy to reduce the dietary exposure of HAAs via mitigating their formation in chicken thigh meat.
Evolution of immune function in response to dietary macronutrients in male and female decorated crickets

Although dietary macronutrients are known to regulate insect immunity, few studies have examined their evolutionary effects. Here, we evaluate this relationship in the cricket Gryllodes sigillatus by maintaining replicate populations on four diets differing in protein (P) to carbohydrate (C) ratio (P‐ or C‐biased) and nutritional content (low‐ or high‐nutrition) for >37 generations. We split each population into two; one maintained on their evolution diet and the other switched to their ancestral diet. We also maintained populations exclusively on the ancestral diet (baseline). After three generations, we measured three immune parameters in males and females from each population. Immunity was higher on P‐biased than C‐biased diets and on low‐ versus high‐nutrition diets, although the latter was most likely driven by compensatory feeding. These patterns persisted in populations switched to their ancestral diet, indicating genetic divergence. Crickets evolving on C‐biased diets had lower immunity than the baseline, whereas their P‐biased counterparts had similar or higher immunity than the baseline, indicating that populations evolved with dietary manipulation. Although females exhibited superior immunity for all assays, the sexes showed similar immune changes across diets. Our work highlights the important role that macronutrient intake plays in the evolution of immunity in the sexes.
Understanding Determinants of Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs) Adoption Intention Among Auditors in Indonesia

This study aims to identify the factors that influence the auditor's intention to adopt Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs) in public accounting firms in Indonesia. The contribution of this research is to try to combine two research model concepts, namely the TOE Framework and the UTAUT model to add more apparent empirical evidence regarding the acceptance and application of CAATs. This research is quantitative research that uses primary data by distributing questionnaires. The population in this study were all auditors who worked at the Public Accounting Firm in Tangerang and Jakarta Region of Indonesia. This study integrates two models of technology acceptance, namely TOE and UTAUT. Then this study used the SEM-PLS measurement method, and the data were analyzed using Smartpls 3.0. The results of this study indicate that performance expectancy and environmental context have a significant effect on the adoption intention of CAATs. Meanwhile, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, technological context, and organizational context have no significant effect on the adoption intention of CAATs.
Achieving E � iciency via Fairness in Online Resource Allocation

The classic utility maximization framework studies the fairness-e � ciency tradeo � in various resource allocation problems (e.g., bandwidth allocation). The weighted alpha-fair utility is a common utilitarian metric. However, this classic framework cannot tackle those allocation problems with the online decision-making requirement (e.g., caching capacity allocation under unknown requests). Existing studies on these online allocation problems largely follow the online learning approaches, thus inevitably overlook the allocation fairness. In this paper, we propose a novel utility maximization framework accommodating the online setting. The major challenge of designing this framework lies in the tight coupling between the desirable fairness guarantee and the unknown allocation e � ciency. To tackle this, we integrate the weighted alpha-fair utility with the learning rationale, by properly devising the merit-based weights and the increasing fairness levels. Under our proposed framework, the utility-maximizing allocation in each time slot is weighted alpha-fair. Our framework also performs asymptotically as well as the o � ine optimal/e � cient outcome. We demonstrate how this framework functions in two networking applications. In size-based scheduling, it enables network switches to prioritize short � ows and avoid � ow starvation without the prior � ow size information. In � le caching, our framework outperforms several state-of-the-art caching policies up to 21% in terms of cache-hit-ratio.
Business Regulations and Between-City Migration

Local governments compete for new residents by creating institutional frameworks that are attractive to such residents. As 13 percent of the US moves each year, policies that affect the ease of doing business may attract thousands of entrepreneurial and working households. We use city-level aggregated migration data from the American Community Survey and Internal Revenue Service to analyze changes in net migration between cities that differ in the ease of starting a business, employing workers, getting electricity, registering property, and paying taxes. Expansions in the flexibility of regulatory processes that affect workers multiple times, such as ease of employing workers or filing taxes, have large effects in encouraging in-migration. In contrast, improvements in policies that only affect new workers or business owners temporarily, such as ease of installing utilities or registering property, do not have a noticeable effect on migration patterns.
The Clinical Utility of Molecular Imaging in COVID-19: An Update

The novel pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered in Wuhan, China in late 2019 with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) declared a global pandemic in March 2020. Primarily involving the lungs, conventional imaging with chest radiography and CT can play a complementary role to RT-PCR in the initial diagnosis, and also in follow up of select patients. As a broader understanding of the multi-systemic nature of COVID-19 has evolved, a potential role for molecular imaging has developed, that may detect functional changes in advance of standard cross-sectional imaging. In this review, we highlight the evolving role of molecular imaging such as fluorine-18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) with PET/CT and PET/MRI in the evaluation of both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary COVID-19, ventilation and perfusion scan with SPECT/CT for thromboembolic disease, long term follow-up of COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 vaccine-related complications.
Business English Needs and Secondary Vocational Business English: The Case of Greek Workplaces

Vocational education (VE) has been a priority for employability globally. There is, however, limited research on what employers want from secondary school VE graduates regarding their communication skills. This study examined business English needs in Greek businesses and the English language skills taught in Greek vocational secondary schools. We surveyed 136 and interviewed 8 employers to identify the English language skills required in these businesses. The content of one prescribed VE English textbook was analyzed and eight teachers were interviewed about it. We found that employers emphasized oral business communication, which the textbook lacked, and we make suggestions for improvement.
Research progress on negative pressure wound therapy with instillation in the treatment of orthopaedic wounds

Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (NPWTi) has the dual function of negative pressure sealing drainage and irrigation, which overcomes the disadvantages of NPWT, such as tube obstruction, inability to apply topical medicine, and poor anti‐infection ability. NPWTi has been researched extensively and widely used in various types of wounds, and certain effects have been achieved. A series of parameters for NPWTi have not been unified at present, including the flushing fluid option, flushing mode, and treatment period. This paper reviews the research progress of these parameters for NPWTi and their application in the treatment of orthopaedic wounds.