Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of epidural analgesia on the duration of labour and pains: a comparative study

Labour and delivery cause severe pain in many women. Experiencing labour pains and giving birth to infant is normal physiological process. Becoming a common problem of visceral pain, the pain of the first stage of labour is often referred to the dermatomes given by the same spinal cord segments that receive input from the uterus and cervix (T10 to L1). Additionally, during the late first stage and second stage of labour, stimulation of pain-sensitive structures within the pelvic cavity, and pressure on a single or more root base of the lumbo sacral plexus may bring about hurting, burning, or cramping distress in the thigh, lower limbs and back. Stimulation of these structures plays a role in pain referred to the lower lumbar and sacral portions.
Objections to the HEXACO Model of Personality Structure—and why those Objections Fail

The six–dimensional HEXACO model of personality structure and its associated inventory have increasingly been used in personality research. But in spite of the evidence supporting this structure and demonstrating its advantages over five–dimensional models, some researchers continue to use and promote the latter. Although there has been little overt, organized argument against the adoption of the HEXACO model, we do hear sporadic offerings of reasons for retaining the five–dimensional systems, usually in informal conversations, in manuscript reviews, on social media platforms, and occasionally in published works. In this target article, we list all of the objections to the HEXACO model that we have heard of, and we then explain why each objection fails. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
Clinico - Sonological and pathological evaluation of extratesticular scrotal lesion

The study of 155 patients with extra testicular scrotal lesions presented to SSG Hospital Baroda from December 2015 to November 2016 the following points can be emphasized. The commonest age group presenting with scrotal lesions was in the range of 31-40 years. Unilateral presentation was more common than bilateral presentation. The commonest presentation was scrotal swelling followed by pain and other associated complains of fever and urinary complaints. The commonest finding was cystic followed by inflammatory, and neoplasm being rare. Among cystic hydrocele was the main pathology followed by epididymal cystic lesions. Epididymitis was more common than epididymorchitis followed by Fournier’s gangrene in inflammatory lesions. The commonest site of involvement was tunica vaginalis followed by epididymis and scrotal wall lesions. Ultrasonography helped to differentiate extra testicular lesions from intratesticular lesions in nearly all the cases, as well as the site of involvement but was not useful in confirming the etiology. FNAC was found useful in not only coming onto a final diagnosis but also had role in finding the etiology.
Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Wild Cattle: The digestive system of ruminants, and peculiarities of (wild) cattle

Introduction Cattle are members of the Ruminantia, which represent the most successful group of extant large herbivores in terms of species diversity. Ruminants have a multi-chambered forestomach, similar to other foregut fermenters like kangaroo, hippos, peccaries or sloths (Langer 1988); this means that plant material is partly digested by symbiotic microbes before the whole digesta – which includes the partly digested diet and the microbes – is passed on to the lower digestive tract where the herbivore’s own enzymes further digest this mixture. Because microbial protein is a major component of this mixture, foregut fermenters produce a set of specific enzymes in their glandular stomach and small intestine that help break down microbial cells, so that their protein can be used (Pacheco et al . 2007). Functional ruminants – the phylogenetic ruminants as well as the camelids – combine simple foregut fermentation with peculiar sorting mechanisms that assure that larger digesta particles are regurgitated and re-masticated (ruminated). This process of rumination is an obligatory physiological feature, facilitates a more efficient particle size reduction (Fritz et al . 2009), higher digestive efficiencies (Foose 1982) and potentially also higher food intake levels than observed in non-ruminant foregut fermenters (Clauss et al . 2010a). Ruminant digestive anatomy and physiology The ruminant stomach consists of four compartments – three representing the forestomach complex, and the last representing the glandular stomach (‘abomasum’), the equivalent of the stomach of monogastric animals (Hofmann & Schnorr 1982). The three forestomach compartments are, in the sequence of the digestive process, the rumen, the reticulum and the omasum (Figure 6.1). From the outside, the rumen and the reticulum form a unit – a large fermentation chamber with several sub-compartments, including the dorsal and the ventral rumen, the dorsal and ventral rumen blindsacs, the atrium ruminis and the reticulum. The whole complex is often referred to as the reticulorumen (RR). The reticulum is the most cranial part of the RR. On the right side of the RR, the omasum is a distinct structure. In contrast to the RR, which has a consistency of the digesta it contains, the omasum is more solid to the touch, and ball- or bean-shaped. The omasum leads to the abomasum, which in turn leads to the small and then the large intestine.
EFFECTIVENESS OF a-AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID AS A TRANSLOCATABLE FUNGISTATIC AGENT AGAINST BLUMERIA GRAMINIS F.SP. TRITICI IN WHEAT

A foliar spray of a-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) reduced the number, size and sporulation of powdery mildew colonies on wheat seedlings. Application of AIB one day before or after inoculation reduced severity of powdery mildew to a similar extent. Protection effectiveness depended on the concentration applied and time intervals between treatment and inoculation. Only concentrations higher than 50 mmol l-1 effectively protected seedlings. Microscopy investigations revealed no inhibition of conidial germination and penetration of the epidermal cells, but the development of haustoria was strongly affected. 14C-AIB was taken up rapidly by the primary leaf, translocated into the whole plant and accumulated in the newly developed shoot tissue. Quantitative data indicated that 39% of 14C-AIB applied remained on the surface of the treated primary leaf and 45% was retained by the plant tissue one day after treatment. The effectiveness of AIB in wheat against powdery mildew was associated with its concentration in the tissue. Thin layer chromatographic separation of the radioactive plant extracts revealed slow metabolism of AIB. A direct fungistatic effect on the fungus and alterations of plant metabolism caused by AIB are suggested as probable mechanisms of disease control.
Development and evolution of higher brain centers in insects

Brain structures within an individual can change during development through modification of individual neuron morphology together with alteration of neuron numbers. Differences in the same or analogous brain structures from different species can reflect behavioral pattern variation among these species fixed by natural selection. This study used insects from two different taxonomic groups to address such brain structure changes at these two time scales: developmental and evolutionary. Mushroom bodies, as an integrative sensory center involved in learning and memory in insects, were the main structure surveyed to illustrate changes in higher brain centers in both projects. In the developmental study, the changes of higher brain centers in red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneaum, were described from late larva through adulthood. The mechanisms detected for change of brain included axon reorganization, compartment enlargement and adult neurogenesis. In a second study to comparing brain structure differences across species, with an effort to address an evolutionary question, a significant difference in mushroom body volumes from different species of eusocial termites was found. This suggests that it is possible to independently test the social brain hypothesis, which was developed for very different animal lineages including primates, within this group of successful social insects.
Biology of the reptilia. Volume 20, Morphology H, the skull of Lepidosauria.

“Another example of X is Y”. This can become a little bit tedious, although the reader is rewarded with the many skilled drawings by Nicholson. I was fortunate enough recently to come across a wild specimen of a blind snake in south Florida and was delighted that the small earthworm-like snake in front of me was so easily identifiable from Nicholson’s drawings. While not a field guide, the drawings of the animals in the book are certainly of that quality. A gem of this small reference work is the box inset. Sprinkled throughout each of the seven chapters, Avise uses the box inset in two ways: to expand a description of a single topic and to introduce the reader to the scientists who have helped to shape the knowledge in this field. By recording these stories here, we all have access to the stories and nuances of character that are usually lost because they are usually shared only with a handful of trainees closest to the events that transpired. The hard labor, chance encounters, and blind alleys we all experience never make it into the final “paper. ” This book allows space for those great stories. Avise is a seasoned writer of both compendiumtype books for the more advanced reader as well as books for the scientifically curious. Clonality is more of the former and is a very different book from Avise’s popular 2004 work entitled: The Hope, the Hype, and Reality of Genetic Engineering: Remarkable Stories from Agriculture, Industry, Medicine, and the Environment, which targets a broader, more lay audience. Clonality will probably be enjoyed by a different, perhaps narrower audience, as was likely the author’s intention. The well-developed glossary, index, numerous tables, and summary statements following each major part of the book all contribute to the creation of this good compendium. Overall, this book is an important collection of facts and ideas that should aid in building a knowledge base for both early career scientists and those who are interested in gaining a broader perspective of genetic strategies among vertebrates.
Physical and physiological seed quality in function of the density of population in two maize hybrids

Population density affects some agronomic traits in varieties such as physical and physiological quality of the seed. In order to assess this effect, two female genotypes were grown of two commercial hybrids of maize ( Zea mays L.); the evaluated densities were 52 630, 65 789, 78 789, 92 013 and 105 263 plants ha -1 in the experimental field of Roque Institute of Technology, Guanajuato. A factorial experiment was chosen, using a randomized complete block design with four replications. We evaluated plant height, ear size, days to silking, photosynthetically active leaves, tillering, attack of Fusarium spp. , stalk lodging, plant “horras” and grain yield; seed quality was evaluated by volumetric weight, purity analysis, weight of 1000 seeds and seed classes. The physiological quality, through the standard germination and vigor. The results show that, the density of population had statistically significant effects on the following agronomic traits: plant height and ear size, photosynthetically active leaf number, tillering, percentage of plants “horras” and grain yield; so, at least one density is higher or allow to see differences between them; in none of the variables of this group, showed interaction effects between genotypes and densities, indicating independence among these factors.
Investigation of fluidized bed behaviour using electrical capacitance tomography

The temporal and cross-sectional distributions of particles in a 127 mm diameter fluidized bed have been obtained using a new generation, high-speed Electrical Capacitance Tomography. Two planes of eight electrodes were used and mounted at 160 and 660 mm from the gas distributor which was a 3 mm thick porous plastic plate made (maximum pore size of 50-70 𝜇 m). 3 mm diameter, nearly-spherical polyethylene granules made up the bed. Experiments at sampling frequencies of 200-2000 cross-sections per second and gas superficial velocities from just below the minimum fluidization to 83% above minimum fluidization velocities were used. The time series of the cross-sectional average void fractions have been examined both directly and in amplitude and frequency space. The last two used Probability Density Functions and Power Spectral Densities. The information generated show that the fluidized bed is operating in the slugging mode, not surprising given the size of the particles. It has been found that an increase of the excess gas velocity above the minimum fluidization velocity resulted in the increase of the mean void fraction, length and velocity of the slug bubbles as well as the bed height, and in a slight decrease of the slug frequency. The results are presented in a level of detail suitable for comparison with later numerical simulation.
Accession impact and outlook for Croatian and EU crop and livestock markets

Aim of study: To investigate the impact of Croatia’s accession to the EU on its agricultural sector, its market outlook and the EU’s key agricultural products up to 2030.Area of study: Croatia and European Union member statesMaterial and methods: Comparative approach was used in order to identify similarities of the changes that took place when other Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) acceded to the EU (results of previously conducted research) with the changes that happened in Croatia (historical data between 2010 and 2016). The second approach involved the AGMEMOD partial equilibrium model, which has been used as a comprehensive tool to model the complex outlook of Croatian agricultural markets. The results of the Croatian outlook were compared to the EU’s AGMEMOD outlook results in order to identify future trends in key agricultural market development (production, yield and net trade) and whether these newly established trends were comparable with EU trends.Main results: The changes that took place in the Croatian agricultural sector during and after the EU accession period are not significantly different from the trends and changes observed in other Central and Eastern EU member states. Similarities can especially be found in neighbouring CEEC countries (Hungary and Slovenia), which kept their producer prices close to EU levels prior to accession. Furthermore, the results indicate a similarity with CEEC trends in terms of the strengthening of crop production compared to livestock.Research highlights: Positive effects of EU integration on the Croatian agricultural sector took place after a few years of adjustment. Simulations of future market developments indicate many similarities between Croatia and EU 13 member states.
Study of Metrics that Could be Considered as Inputs to an Intelligent System for Diagnosing Schizophrenia based on an Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Intelligent systems are now part of human daily life. This justifies its application in various fields. However, the field of psychiatry still seems to be at a disadvantage. In this paper, we are interested in measures that can be used as input to an intelligent system for detecting brain diseases using an electroencephalogram (EEG). Indeed, spectral analysis and the study of brain connectivity are two methods of EEG analysis that can be used to characterize schizophrenia. The spectral analysis allows to calculate the power (absolute and relative), the frequency peak among others. Concerning the study of cerebral connectivity, the Phase Lag Index (PLI), which is an adjacency matrix ; which is an adjacency matrix used to assess brain connectivity. Once the PLI is obtained, units such as degree, density and strength on each channel are calculated. These units are evaluated on twenty (28) EEGs, fourteen (14) of people suffering from schizophrenia and fourteen (14) of healthy people. Once the PLI is obtained, units such as degree, density and strength on each channel are calculated. These units are evaluated on twenty (28) EEGs, fourteen (14) of people suffering from schizophrenia and fourteen (14) of healthy people. On the other hand, the value of strength is always lower in sick people than in healthy people. This is true regardless of the frequency band or channel used. This study shows that values such as degree, density, strength of a predefined adjacency matrix, then power, peak frequency band can be used as input values of an intelligent system for diagnosing psychiatric or brain diseases such as schizophrenia.
Extensive reading to improve students’ writing of explanation text

This research aims at finding out whether or not the use of extensive reading is effective for teaching writing explanation text to the eleventh grade at Islamic University in Semarang. Quasi experimental research was applied as the method. The researchers took two groups as the sample, they were XI MIPA 6 as the experimental class and XI MIPA 2 as the control class. The total subject of this research was 65. This research used SPSS in analysing the data of writing test through several activities. They were pre-test before treatments, and post-test after treatments. The result of the research shows the significance difference in the writing ability of explanation text between eleventh-graders who were taught by using extensive reading and those were not taught by using it. It can be seen in the result of mean score in the post-test of experimental class which is 64.4118 and control class which is 48.5484 and as a result Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.00 < 0.05. Therefore, the null hyothesis of this research is rejected. It means that the use of extensive reading had significantly improved the eleventh-graders’ writing ability of the explanation text in English teaching and learning process of the experimental class at Islamic School in Semarang in the academic year 2018/2019.
Association between the lactation curve shape and calving interval in Holstein dairy cows of Iran

Summary This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between early lactation curve parameters and calving interval in Holstein cows of Iran. In order to describe the lactation curve, the incomplete gamma function was fitted to 5,754,428 test-day milk records corresponding to 766,108 lactations on 315,634 cows in 2,448 herds. Cows with higher milk yield during early lactation had shorter calving intervals; however, longer calving intervals increased the 305-d milk production (P<0.01). Cows with higher yield at the beginning of lactation, steeper ascending, and steeper descending slope had shorter calving intervals (P<0.01). Calving interval was increased by 2.73 (±0.12) d for every extra kg of milk at peak lactation (P<0.01). The calving interval was directly impacted by the persistency of milk yield, but milk yield persistency was reduced in cows with shorter calving intervals (P<0.01).
Comparison of Essential Amino Acid Requirements with A/E Ratio among Fish Species (Review Paper).

So far, the dietary requirements of the ten amino acids arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, ly sine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine have been proved in fish and the quantitative requirements have been determined in several fishes. However, each essential amino acid re quirement determined by different laboratories does not correspond with each other, not only among species but also even within species, because of the differences of experimental conditions. Therefore, some researchers have applied a new method based on the idea that there shoud be a correlation be tween whole body amino acid pattern and the dietary amino acid requirement: i.e., only one amino acid requirement is determined by growth data and the other nine are estimated as being propotional to the whole body amino acid pattern. There would be little difference in the patterns of requirement by this new method among species, because body amino acid patterns are almost identical among species. On the other hand, when the A/E ratios of amino acid requirements based on growth assay are compared, close similarities were noted between carp and catla in the family Cyprinidae, and among chinook salmon, chum salmon and coho salmon in the family Salmonidae, suggesting the existence of specificity in requirements among fish species or family.
Statistical Study for Leaching of Covellite in a Chloride Media

Covellite is a secondary copper sulfide, and it is not abundant. There are few investigations on this mineral in spite of it being formed during the leaching of chalcocite or digenite; the other investigations on covellite are with the use of mineraloids, copper concentrates, and synthetic covellite. The present investigation applied the surface optimization methodology using a central composite face design to evaluate the effect of leaching time, chloride concentration, and sulfuric acid concentration on the level of copper extraction from covellite (84.3% of purity). Copper is dissolved from a sample of pure covellite without the application of temperature or pressure; the importance of its purity is that the behavior of the parameters is analyzed, isolating the impurities that affect leaching. The chloride came from NaCl, and it was effectuated in a size range from –150 to +106 μm. An ANOVA indicated that the leaching time and chloride concentration have the most significant influence, while the copper extraction was independent of sulfuric acid concentration. The experimental data were described by a highly representative quadratic model obtained by linear regression (R2 = 0.99).
PENINGKATAN KINERJA PENGAJARAN DOSEN MELALUI KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN PSIKOLOGIS DASAR DENGAN PEMEDIASI MOTIVASI KERJA

Kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap proses belajar mengajar perlu mendapat perhatian dari manajemen perguruan tinggi karena mempengaruhi loyalitas mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dan menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan pemenuhan kebutuhan psikologis dasar terhadap kinerja proses belajar mengajar dengan motivasi kerja sebagai variabel pemediasi. Sebanyak 51 orang dosen yang dipilih secara acak diambil dari 577 dosen tetap di Universitas Mercu Buana. Data primer diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuisoner, kemudian diolah dengan model analisis jalur dengan bantuan program AMOS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan kebutuhan psikologis dasar dengan dimensi-dimensi kompetensi, otonomi dan keterikatan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja dosen dalam proses belajar mengajar baik secara langsung maupun melalui motivasi intrinsik sebagai variabel pemediasi. Adapun kepemimpinan transformasional tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi intrinsik maupun terhadap kinerja dosen. Kata kunci : motivasi intrinsik, kompetensi, otonomi, keterikatan