Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Changes in Socioeconomic Inequality of Unintended Pregnancy Among Iranian Married Women: A Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Analysis

Background: Policymakers are interested in investigating effects of governments’ policies on socioeconomic inequality in public health. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze levels of and changes in socioeconomic inequality of unintended pregnancy after the changes in family planning policies and to investigate determinants of its changes in Iran. Methods: Required data were extracted from Iran’s Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2010 and 2015. We used data from 1123 and 900 married pregnant women aged 15 49 years in 2010 and 2015, respectively. Wagstaff normalized concentration index was used to measure unintended pregnancy inequality. The contribution of various factors to the measured inequality in 2010 and 2015 was investigated by decomposing concentration index. Changes in the unintended pregnancy inequality in 2010 2015 and its determinants were assessed using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method. Results: Pro-rich unintended pregnancy inequality declined by 120% from -0.145 to 0.030 in 2010 2015. However, the pro-poor unintended pregnancy inequality in 2015 was not statistically significant. Households’ economic status and women’s age at pregnancy were the two leading factors with positive contributions while contraceptive non-use before pregnancy and women’s education level had the most negative contributions to the reduced pro-rich inequality of unintended pregnancy in 2010 2015. Conclusions: Pro-rich unintended pregnancy inequality not only did not increase, but also declined to zero after the changes in family planning policies. Providing sustainable livelihood for disadvantaged households with women at reproductive ages can maintain this favorable condition in the future.
Realizing Technology Impact: A Dialectical Theory of Technology Initiated Routine Disruption and Renewal

Today, organizational leaders increasingly leverage technology as a restructuring force to achieve greater efficiency and competitive positioning. This technology shapes the environmental conditions within which organizations operate and through the need to align with such conditions, affects organizational characteristics and behaviours. This study generates new insights into the common problem of unexpected group behaviour in response to technology initiated change by exploring the disruption and renewal of an organizational routine. This research bridges aspects of organizational routines, dialectic change theory, and information systems literature to contribute new understandings about the micro-processes that generate the divergent performance variation events often seen as contributing to the unpredictability associated with technology initiated organizational change. Through an in-depth qualitative analysis of a health information system introduction at a large research hospital located in Ottawa, Canada, we demonstrate how a dialectic modalities lens provides new insights into agent driven organizational routine repair and renewal. We then show how two dimensions of dialectics (performative ostensive and performative environmental) act independently to produce varying levels of dialectic tension that motivate variation and change in the performance of an organizational routine. This work adapts the emerging work on dialectics of organizational change to conceive of dialectic change as a generator of variation and change within organizational routines and suggests that dialectic tension is a key driver of organizational routine change. To account for this, we introduce a new concept and model - "Dialectic Modalities of Routine Change" - to describe the four combinations of dialectic tension that can occur in the performance and enactment of a routine. It is our position that greater understanding and focus on routine disruption and renewal will ultimately assist managers in improving practice and can provide a deeper theoretical understanding of organizational change processes. Moreover, this study's collected narrative approach to identifying a routine in practice opens new opportunities to explore enacted routine structure in sensitive environments often difficult to access for sufficient levels of observation. Finally, this research also makes important contributions to routines theory through the theoretical exploration of micro-foundational dynamics of routine change. Keywords: Organizational Routines, IT Usage, Organizational Change, Technochange
Apes and anticitizens: simianization and U.S. national identity discourse

ABSTRACT Within the literature on public opinion, the mainstream framework is that in-group and out-group attitudes are distinct phenomena, especially with regard to racial attitudes. Elsewhere, in the literature on race and nationalism, scholars have concluded that the United States subscribes to cultural, color-blind racism, that has predominantly replaced biological racism. To explain the context in which white supremacy is again a viable political force in American politics, this paper argues that notions of biological racism that predate the Civil Rights Movement remain potent and continue to underlie cultural racism, and that that these out-group attitudes are not independent of in-group attitudes. This paper focuses on a form of dehumanization-simianization, or the depiction of racial groups (in this case African-Americans) as apes, tracing its origins in Enlightenment-era scientific racism, its historical role in shaping U.S. race and class relations, and as its role in defining American citizenship as hierarchical. Moreover, this paper presents evidence of simianization in contemporary political discourse surrounding African-Americans in the United States. The paper seeks to synthesize the literature on public opinion and that on race and nationalism in order to shed new theoretical light on our thinking about the relationship between in-group and out-group attitude formation.
Exploring the strategy of government: A statecraft assessment of Angela Merkel’s chancellorship from 2005 to 2017

As chancellor Angela Merkel is on course to tie with Helmut Kohl as the longest serving democratically elected German head of government, it is time to attempt an initial assessment of the first 12 years of her chancellorship from 2005 to 2017 which left its marks both on German politics and European affairs. Bulpitt’s statecraft model is applied to evaluate the chancellor’s performance and to judge both achievements and shortcomings of Merkel’s incumbency. The theoretical approach chosen provides a scaffolding to direct the research which casts particular attention on four descriptive categories that help condition judgements of a leader’s success and failure and take into consideration attitude and behaviour of elites within the system whose actions and degree of allegiance may have advanced or constrained Merkel’s leadership. The findings suggest a mixed record that portrays Merkel as an efficient operator whose clout hinged on a firm grip on the CDU (Christian Democratic Union) apparatus and effective management of the parliamentary party. Yet even at the apex of her power, Merkel did not achieve or seek argument hegemony in the public discourse.
The Influence of Trust, Perceived Usefulness, And Perceived Ease of Using Intensity of E-Money with Attitude Toward Using Intervening Variable in Padang City

The purpose of this research is to analyze: (1) Effect of trust on the intensity of using e-money, (2) Effect of trust on attitude toward using e-money (3) Effect of perceived usefulness on the intensity of using e-money, (4) Effect of perceived usefulness on attitude toward using e-money, (5) Effect of perceived ease of use on attitude toward using e-money, (6) Effect of perceived ease of use on the intensity of using e-money and (7) Effect of attitude toward using the intensity of using e-money. A type of the research is causative. The study population was all people at Padang city. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Total sample size of 300 people. The data used are primary and secondary obtained by distributing questionnaires to selected people. The analytical method used is descriptive and inductive structural equation modeling. The result showed that: (1) trust positively and significantly impact on attitudes towards using of electronic money, (2) trust positively and significantly impact on intensity of using electronic money, (3) perceived usefulness positive and significant impact on attitudes towards using of electronic money, (4) perceived usefulness no positively and significantly impact on intensity of using electronic money, (5) perceived ease of use positively and significantly impact on attitudes towards using of electronic money, (6) perceived ease of use positively and significantly impact on intensity of of using electronic money, (7) attitude toward using positively and significantly impact on intensity of using electronic money.
Working Memory in Children With Persistent Speech Sound Disorders

object in that modality. The mind uses different representations to store different types of information, and these representations are poor substitutes for one another. That indicates that educators should think about the modality in which they present material, but their goal should be to find the content’s best modality, not to search for the students’ best modality. If the teacher wants students to learn and remember what something looks like, then the presentation should be visual. For example, if students are to appreciate the appearance of the Great Wall of China, it would be much more effective to view a picture than to hear a verbal description. Many topics require information in more than one modality. But experiences in different modalities simply for the sake of including different modalities should not be the goal. Material should be presented auditorily or visually because the information that the educator wants students to understand is best conveyed in that modality.
Individualisation in public health: reflections from life narratives in a disadvantaged neighbourhood

ABSTRACT There is a dualism in current policy discourses on public health between neoliberal conceptions of health, and health as a product of social conditions. These conceptions also co-exist in the narratives of citizens. In this qualitative study carried out in the Netherlands, we analysed how people living in structural vulnerability perceive the potential tension of this dualism. Whereas the respondents’ narratives undoubtedly reflect the neoliberal view on health responsibility, their life stories revealed how health was a product of intergenerational transmission of poverty, violence and ill health. Neoliberal policies that expect citizens to minimise health risks were seen as unrealistic and raised feelings of apathy and fatalism. Behavioural messages were considered to oppose personal autonomy. Instead, the respondents appeared to envision health as a joint, balanced effort by themselves, their social network and public services. The tension between their own view on responsibility and the neoliberal view negatively affected their sense of self. These feelings were strengthened by the fact that the respondents felt abandoned by a government that calls upon self-sufficiency to deal with problems outside their control. On the other hand, they also stressed the importance of agency, particularly in breaking vicious transgenerational cycles. These findings indicate that the views of people living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods require further elucidation to develop a more nuanced and balanced view on responsibilities for health in public policies, and thus to prevent ignoring the problems faced by people who do not meet the expectations of current neoliberal policies.
Marketization in a state-centred policing context: The case of Sweden

This article examines how and why marketization of policing may occur in a historically state-centred policing context in the absence of governmental policy promoting privatization and marketization. In Sweden, a community-level marketization is increasingly becoming the new norm. It is a result of a political mobilization by the private security industry, characterized by an association of private security with the public interest in safety, an absence of national political decision-making, and pragmatic local initiatives to increase public safety, but it results in the dispersion of political decision-making that fails to ensure democratic governance of policing and security provision.
Globalization, privatization, marginalization: Mapping and assessing connections and consequences in/through education

This special issue brings together scholars who are working on new aspects of the intersection and implications of globalization, privatization, and marginalization. While globalization’s relationship to education has been of great interest to scholars (e.g., Dale, 1999; Green, 1997; Rizvi & Lingard, 2009; Steiner-Khamsi, 2004; Verger, Novelli, & Kosar-Altinyelken, 2018). While the relationship between globalization and various forms of privatization has received significant attention (e.g., Adamson, Astrand, & Darling-Hammond, 2016; Ball, 2009, 2012; Carnoy, 1999; Mohamed & Morris, 2019; Robertson, Mundy, Verger, & Menashy, 2012; Verger, Lubienski, & Steiner-Khamsi, 2016), we seek to extend scholarship in these areas by examining the current connections and continuing consequences of both globalization and privatization for marginalization in/through education, as well as the ways in which the latter (marginalization) creates opportunities for the former (globalization and privatization). Exploring the relationships among globalization, privatization, and marginalization is vitally important for scholars not only because they are related in multiple yet, we argue, insufficiently understood ways, but also because their relations have real consequences for education policy and practice and for the exacerbation of marginalization itself in and through education. As the introductory essay for the special issue, this article (a) presents a framework for understanding the connections among globalization, privatization, and marginalization in relation to education; (b) distills, visually presents, and expands upon the dialectical connections evident “in” and “through” the cases that make up the special issue; and (c) emphasizes a number of lessons for the globalization-privatization-marginalization nexus.
Exploring indicators of subjective well-being for first-year university students

This study aimed to explore indicators of subjective well-being among first-year university students attending a South African university (N = 11; female = 6, black = 6, age range = 19 to 22). Participants shared their experiences of university life by participating in group sessions using the Mmogo method® and semi-structured interviews. Following thematic analysis, findings showed subjective well-being in the student population to be indicated by: (i) emotional well-being states of positive and negative affect and satisfaction with life and the university; (ii) psychological well-being of meaning and purpose in their studies, mastery, personal growth, self-acceptance, and independence; (iii) social well-being qualities of opportunities for social engagement, positive relations with others, and inclusivity through exposure to diversity, acceptance of others, and a sense of belonging; (iv) spiritual indicators, especially opportunities to engage in spiritual practices; and (v) physical well-being, indicated by sleeping patterns, dietary habits, and physical activity. Factors influencing students’ experience of well-being included structural resources provided by the university, information and communication, motivation to graduate, choice of academic course, lecturers and facilitators, and uncertainties. Student’s self-perceptions of well-being are important for improving their quality of life of attending university.
Psychophysiological and fine motor skill differences of elite and non-elite soldiers in an urban combat simulation

ABSTRACT Soldiers´ training and experience can influence the outcome of military missions, as well as soldiers physical integrity. The aim of this research was to analyze the psychophysiological and specific fine motor skills response of elite and non-elite soldiers in a combat simulation according to current conflict deployment zones. Rates of perceived exertion, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, blood lactate, hand and leg strength, cortical arousal, anxiety, autonomic modulation and fine motor skills were analyzed in 20 Elite (EG) and 24 non-elite (NEG) soldiers of the Spanish Army, before and immediately after a close quarter combat in an asymmetrical combat maneuver. As a consequence of the maneuver, elite soldiers presented a higher metabolic, cardiovascular and anxiogenic response than non-elite soldiers, as well as an anticipatory anxiety response, showed in the increased sympathetic modulation. Non-elite soldiers improved their fine motor skills after the combat maneuver (−8.34% Vs −11.23% of change in gun reloading time of Elite Group and Non-Elite Group). Finally, experience in international-armed conflicts disposes soldiers toward better self-confidence when facing risk maneuvers (p = .001).
Beyond good and evil: The impact of digital environment in family life

Internet has changed the way we interact with others and has become an essential tool for daily activities. Children and adolescents are the main users of new digital technologies and their first contact with a screen happens increasingly earlier in life. Its premature use can be dangerous: technology represents a “supernormal stimulus” that can act on the brain reward circuit and affect neural development. In this article we describe the effects of technology on the brain, well-being, social and family relationships, highlighting both positive and negative ones: rather than defining a priori any type of technology as “good” or “bad”, we should consider how specific applications are used in order to determine their impact. Adults, as parents and role models, should be a guide for kids in order to help them regulate the use of technology in both qualitative and quantitative terms.
Treatment of chronic hepatic failure with autologous bone marrow stem cells transplantation

Objective Recent advances have implicated that bone marrow-derived stem cells could differentiate into hepatocytes and play a important role in the regulation of liver regeneration. In this study we investigated the possibility of treatment for patients with liver failure by transplantation of self-bone marrow derived stem cells. Methods Patients were divided into two groups, the transplant group and control group. Bone marrow was harvested(30-50 ml) from patients in the transplant group. To get the bone marrow stem cells, bone marrow was processed by density gradient sedimentation, the final preparation of BMSC were infused into liver of patients via hepatic artery. At different time (1week, 2weeks,4weeks, 8weeks) after transplantation, ALT, TBIL, DBIL, ALB, PTA were tested, and the survival rate and improvement of symptom were recorded. Results After transplantation of bone marrow stem cells, the liver function of patients improved. Eight weeks after transplantation, ALT reduced from 181.71 μmol/L to 72.1 μmol/L;TBIL frome 153.1 μmol/L to 80.2 μmol/L;DBIL from 74.1 μmol/L to 40.5 μmol/L; ALB elevated from 26.5 μmol/L to 31.5 μmol/L; PTA rose from 28.23% to 50.1%; the survival rate of transplant group were higher than that of control group; symptoms of patients of transplant group were better. Eight weeks after transplantation, ascites decreased in 10 cases(50%), appetite improved in 15 cases(75%), abdomen distention ameliorated in 9 cases(45%); no serious events developed in 20 patients with bone marrow stem cells transplantation. Conclusion The liver function of patients with severe liver disease were significantly improved after bone marrow stem cells transplantation,the preliminary results indicate that it is safe and effective.
Investigating follower felt trust from a social cognitive perspective

ABSTRACT Previous organizational research on trust has focused more on subordinates’ trust in their leaders than on their experience of felt trust from the leader, even though the latter is also an important component of trust relationships. Our paper addresses a recent call for more theoretical explanations of the mechanism through which followers’ felt trust influences their in-role and extra-role performance. Based on social cognitive theory, we proposed that occupational self-efficacy (OSE) mediates the felt trust-performance relationship in workplace settings, and tested these relationships in two empirical studies. Study 1 was a cross-sectional pre-study (N = 189) investigating only the mediating effects of OSE. For the main study, i.e., Study 2 (N = 500), we collected data at three different measurement occasions to minimize response bias. Study 2 investigated the mediation of the felt trust-performance relationship not only by OSE, but also by an additional mediator variable (organization-based self-esteem) that had been identified in previous studies, in order to determine whether the OSE effects remained significant. In both studies, structural equation modelling results supported the proposed mediating effects of OSE on the three performance outcomes for the reliance component of felt trust, but not for the disclosure component of felt trust.
An exploration of secondary school Teaching Assistants’ lived experiences of supporting young people identified with Social, Emotional and Mental Health needs using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Recent government advice has identified the important role played by schools in supporting children and young people’s (CYP) social, emotional and mental health (SEMH) needs, with direct reference to the role of teaching assistants (TAs). Research has highlighted the variable impact of TAs in supporting children and young people’s academic achievement, Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) and behaviour. Within the existing research, TAs voices are often buried or excluded and there is a lack of research exploring the role of TAs supporting children and young people identified with SEMH needs. This research focused exclusively on TAs’ lived experiences in order to learn more about a role in an under-researched area from the perspective of those who undertake it. Using Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA), semi-structured interviews were undertaken with three TAs employed at the same English mainstream secondary school. Each of the TAs supported at least one young person identified with SEMH needs and challenging behaviour. Challenging behaviour was used to create a homogeneous sample within a broad area of SEND. Three superordinate themes were identified: understanding the young person, processing emotions and individual approach to the TA role, and are discussed within the context of existing literature, research and psychological theory. The implications of the research findings were explicated for school and Educational Psychology (EP) practice such as the use of supervision for reflective practice.