Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PUBLISHED VERSION

Despite the fact that most plants accumulate both sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions to high concentration in their shoot tissues when grown in saline soils, most research on salt tolerance in annual plants has focused on the toxic effects of Na accumulation. There have also been some recent concerns about the ability of hydroponic systems to predict the responses of plants to salinity in soil. To address these two issues, an experiment was conducted to compare the responses to Na and to Cl separately in comparison with the response to NaCl in a soil-based system using two varieties of faba bean (Vicia faba), that differed in salinity tolerance. The variety Nura is a salt-sensitive variety that accumulates Na and Cl to high concentrations while the line 1487/7 is salt tolerant which accumulates lower concentrations of Na and Cl. Soils were prepared which were treated with Na or Cl by using a combination of different Na salts and Cl salts, respectively, or with NaCl. While this method produced Na-dominant and Cldominant soils, it unavoidably led to changes in the availability of other anions and cations, but tissue analysis of the plants did not indicate any nutritional deficiencies or toxicities other than those targeted by the salt treatments. The growth, water use, ionic composition, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured. Both high Na and high Cl reduced growth of faba bean but plants were more sensitive to Cl than to Na. The reductions in growth and photosynthesis were greater under NaCl stress and the effect was mainly additive. An important difference to previous hydroponic studies was that increasing the concentrations of NaCl in the soil increased the concentration of Cl more than the concentration of Na. The data showed that salinity caused by high concentrations of NaCl can reduce growth by the accumulation of high concentrations of both Na and Cl simultaneously, but the effects of the two ions may differ. High Cl concentration reduces the photosynthetic capacity and quantum yield due to chlorophyll degradation which may result from a structural impact of high Cl concentration on PSII. High Na interferes with K and Ca nutrition and disturbs efficient stomatal regulation which results in a depression of photosynthesis and growth. These results suggest that the importance of Cl toxicity as a cause of reductions in growth and yield under salinity stress may have been underestimated.
Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in glioma patients

Purpose: There is a great controversy regarding the prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioma patients. The current meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of abnormal EGFR expression on overall survival in glioma patients. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted. The combined hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association between EGFR expression and survival in glioma. Results: A total of 476 articles were screened, and 17 articles containing 1,458 patients were selected. The quality assessment of the included studies was performed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Overexpression of EGFR was found to be an indicator of poor prognosis in overall survival in glioma patients (HR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.32–2.25, P = 0.000, random effect) and glioblastoma multiforme patients (HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.15–2.14, P = 0.004, random effect). Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the source of high heterogeneity. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated that high expression of EGFR may serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in glioma patients.
Assessment of the Met Office dust forecast model using observations from the GERBILS campaign

This paper uses aircraft, ground‐based and satellite observations to assess the performance of Met Office dust forecasts during the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Intercomparison of Long‐wave and Short‐wave radiation (GERBILS) campaign. The dust forecasts were produced from a 20 km resolution limited‐area numerical weather prediction configuration of the Met Office Unified Model, based over North Africa. Dust uplift was modelled using two modified versions of the Woodward (2001) dust parametrization scheme. The model produced widespread dust over the Sahara desert in response to synoptically driven strong wind events. The modelled aerosol size distribution and short‐wave optical properties compared well with aircraft in situ measurements and retrievals from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). Better size distributions and extinction coefficients were achieved by fixing the emitted dust size distribution rather than attempting to predict this dynamically. The two versions performed similarly compared to observations of other variables. The interaction of dust with short‐wave and long‐wave radiation compared well with aircraft observations when scaled to allow for local differences in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). AODs were on average 50–100% too high over south‐western parts of the Sahara but 20–50% too low over the Sahel when compared to AERONET sites, aircraft profile estimates and satellite retrieval products. This implicated excessive dust emission over central parts of the Sahara and insufficient dust emissions from the Bodélé depression and semi‐arid regions on the southern border of the Sahara. These biases were linked to potential errors in wind speed, soil texture, soil moisture and vegetation, and possible limitations in the dust parametrization, such as the lack of an observationally constrained or geomorphologically based preferential source term. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown copyright, the Met Office
Über eine Extremumeigenschaft der Ellipsen

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Bernaldo Luc Thesis

Carrier synchronization is an essential part of digital communication systems. In essence, carrier synchronization is the process of estimating and correcting any carrier phase and frequency differences between the transmitted and received signals. Typically, carrier synchronization is achieved using a phase lock loop (PLL) system; however, this method is unreliable when experiencing frequency offsets larger than 30 kHz. This thesis evaluates the FPGA implementation of a combined FFT and PLL-based carrier phase synchronization system. The algorithm includes non-data-aided, FFT-based, frequency estimator used to initialize a data-aided, PLL-based phase estimator. The frequency estimator algorithm employs a resource-efficient strategy of averaging several small FFTs instead of using one large FFT, which results in a rough estimate of the frequency offset. Since it is initialized with a rough frequency estimate, this hybrid design allows the PLL to start in a state close to frequency lock and focus mainly on phase synchronization. The results show that the algorithm demonstrates comparable performance, based on performance metrics such as bit-error rate (BER) and estimator error variance, to alternative frequency estimation strategies and simulation models. Moreover, the FFT-initialized PLL approach improves the frequency acquisition range of the PLL while achieving similar BER performance as the PLL-only system.
The R ∞ and S ∞ properties for linear algebraic groups

Abstract In this paper we study twisted conjugacy classes and isogredience classes for automorphisms of reductive linear algebraic groups. We show that reductive linear algebraic groups over some fields of zero characteristic possess the R ∞ ${R_{\infty}}$ and S ∞ ${S_{\infty}}$ properties.
Relativistic electron dynamics produced by azimuthally localized poloidal mode ULF waves: Boomerang‐shaped pitch angle evolutions

We present an analysis of “boomerang‐shaped” pitch angle evolutions of outer radiation belt relativistic electrons observed by the Van Allen Probes after the passage of an interplanetary shock on 7 June 2014. The flux at different pitch angles is modulated by Pc5 waves, with equatorially mirroring electrons reaching the satellite first. For 90° pitch angle electrons, the phase change of the flux modulations across energy exceeds 180° and increasingly tilts with time. Using estimates of the arrival time of particles of different pitch angles at the spacecraft location, a scenario is investigated in which shock‐induced ULF waves interact with electrons through the drift resonance mechanism in a localized region westward of the spacecraft. Numerical calculations on particle energy gain with the modified ULF wavefield reproduce the observed boomerang stripes and modulations in the electron energy spectrogram. The study of boomerang stripes and their relationship to drift resonance taking place at a location different from the observation point adds new understanding of the processes controlling the dynamics of the outer radiation belt.
A minimal surface criterion for graph partitioning

We consider a geometric approach to graph partitioning based on the graph Beltrami energy, a discrete version of a functional that appears in classical minimal surface problems. More specifically, the optimality criterion is given by the sum of the minimal Beltrami energies of the partition components. Since the Beltrami energy interpolates between the Total Variation and Dirichlet energies, various results for optimal partitions for these two energies can be recovered. We adapt primal-dual convex optimization methods to solve for the minimal Beltrami energy for each component of a given partition. A rearrangement algorithm is proposed to find the graph partition to minimize a relaxed version of the objective. The method is applied to several clustering problems on graphs constructed from manifold discretizations, synthetic data, the MNIST handwritten digit dataset, and image segmentation. The model has a semisupervised extension and provides a natural representative for the clusters as well.
Reverse innovation, emerging markets, and global strategy

‘Reverse innovation’ refers to the case where an innovation is adopted first in poor (emerging) economies before ‘trickling up’ to rich countries. Although examples of reverse innovation are still rare, it raises interesting theoretical questions, such as what kinds of innovation emerging economies are likely to spawn, why such innovations might diffuse to rich countries, what competitive advantages local and foreign firms enjoy in this process, and how it affects the global strategy and organization of established MNEs. Research on reverse innovation can enrich and extend mainstream theories of innovation, internationalization, MNE management, and FDI spillovers.
Erratum: Further results on the global continuous control for finite‐time and exponential stabilisation of constrained‐input mechanical systems: desired conservative‐force compensation and experiments

Saturating-proportional-derivative-type global continuous control for the finite-time or (local) exponential stabilisation of mechanical systems with bounded inputs is achieved involving the desired conservative-force compensation. Far from what one could expect, the proposed controller is not a simple extension of the on-line compensation case but it rather proves to entail a closed-loop analysis with a considerably higher degree of complexity. This gives rise to more involved requirements to guarantee its successful performance and implementability. Interesting enough, the proposal even shows that actuators with higher power-supply capabilities than in the on-line compensation case are required. Other important analytical limitations are further overcome through the developed algorithm. Experimental tests on a two-degree-of-freedom robotic arm corroborate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Convectively Generated Gravity Waves in High Resolution Models of Tropical Dynamics

We investigate numerical models that display the transition of global climate modeling from coarse grids, at which convection and gravity waves are still parameterized, toward finer resolutions, where both are treated explicitly. Gravity waves generated by deep, tropical convection are examined by means of spectral analysis. We make use of the models' different setups to discuss the impacts of spatial resolution, the treatment of moist convection and the degree of model complexity, on convectively generated gravity waves. We find that substantially more gravity wave momentum flux is resolved by models with fine horizontal grid spacing, as the spectral slope is almost flat in zonal wave number space (∼k−1), until scales at which numerical diffusion sets in. However, we also find that, when well‐organized tropical storm systems of large scale are simulated with convection‐permitting resolution, the gravity wave variance may be enhanced at small scales and the spectral slope may flatten. We propose an explanation for this in the dynamical overshooting of convective updrafts that is expected to mechanically generate gravity waves. Further, we find that a parameterization of convection drastically reduces gravity wave momentum flux associated with tropical convection, as deep modes of latent heating and gravity waves are underestimated. Thus, its application is expected to have consequences for wave mean‐flow interaction in the middle atmosphere. The universal properties of the gravity wave spectrum that were found in observations and confirmed in analytical gravity wave models are successfully reproduced in our numerical simulations of tropical dynamics.
Investigating the response of Micromegas detector to low-energy neutrons using Monte Carlo simulation

Micromegas detector has recently been used for high-energy neutron (HEN) detection, but the aim of this research is to investigate the response of the Micromegas detector to low-energy neutron (LEN). For this purpose, a Micromegas detector (with air, P10, BF3, 3He and Ar/BF3 mixture) was optimized for the detection of 60 keV neutrons using the MCNP (Monte Carlo N Particle) code. The simulation results show that the optimum thickness of the cathode is 1 mm and the optimum of microgrid location is 100 μm above the anode. The output current of this detector for Ar (3%) + BF3 (97%) mixture is greater than the other ones. This mixture is considered as the appropriate gas for the Micromegas neutron detector providing the output current for 60 keV neutrons at the level of 97.8 nA per neutron. Consecuently, this detector can be introduced as LEN detector.
Poetry in motion: in search of the poetic in health and physical education

ABSTRACT This article uses poetry to show how we might reimagine the body and movement in ways that speak back to and subvert dominant and neoliberal conceptions of health and physical education (HPE). Drawing on the notion of poiesis and Arnold's conceptualisation of physical education as ‘in through and about movement’, I explore possibilities for poetic responses to the body and movement. These responses aim to unearth the emotional and political elements of movement experiences and highlight how much we lose in positioning movement as transactional, and HPE as only justifiable through extrinsic outcomes.
Self-Dealing in Corporate Investment∗

Using hand-collected data on CEOs’ personal assets, we find that CEOs prioritize corporate investment projects that increase the value of CEOs’ private assets. Such projects are implemented sooner, receive more capital, and are less likely to be dropped. This investment strategy delivers large personal gains to the CEO but selects lower NPV projects for the firm and erodes its investment efficiency. CEO self-dealing is driven by public firms and disappears at smaller private firms where the agent is the principal. Departures of self-dealing CEOs increase firm value by 5–7%. Overall, we uncover CEOs’ private gains in capital
Contribution to the mathematical analysis and to the numerical solution of an inverse elasto-acoustic scattering problem

The determination of the shape of an elastic obstacle immersed in water from some measurements of the scattered field is an important problem in many technologies such as sonar, geophysical exploration, and medical imaging. This inverse obstacle problem (IOP) is very difficult to solve, especially from a numerical viewpoint, because of its nonlinear and ill-posed character. Moreover, its investigation requires the understanding of the theory for the associated direct scattering problem (DP), and the mastery of the corresponding numerical solution methods. The work accomplished here pertains to the mathematical and numerical analysis of the elasto-acoustic DP and of the IOP. More specifically, we have developed an efficient numerical simulation code for wave propagation associated to this type of media, based on a DG-type method using higher-order finite elements and curved edges at the interface to better represent the fluid-structure interaction, and we apply it to the reconstruction of objects with the implementation of a regularized Newton method.
The progenitors of core-collapse supernovae

Abstract Linking core-collapse SNe to their stellar progenitors is a major ongoing challenge. To date, H rich Type IIP SNe have been shown to come from red supergiants, while there is increasing evidence that the majority of stripped envelope SNe come from binary systems. The first candidates for failed SNe, where a massive star collapses to form a black hole without a bright optical display have been identified, while the range of outbursts and eruptions from pre-SN stars are just beginning to be revealed.
Sparse Multivariate Modeling: Priors and Applications

In this paper we present a novel approach to learn directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and factor models within the same framework while also allowing for model comparison between them. For this purpose, we exploit the connection between factor models and DAGs to propose Bayesian hierarchies based on spike and slab priors to promote sparsity, heavy-tailed priors to ensure identifiability and predictive densities to perform the model comparison. We require identifiability to be able to produce variable orderings leading to valid DAGs and sparsity to learn the structures. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through extensive experiments on artificial and biological data showing that our approach outperform a number of state of the art methods.
Football championships and jersey sponsors’ stock prices: an empirical investigation

Corporate sports sponsorship is an important part of many companies’ corporate communication strategy. In this paper, we take the example of major football tournaments to show that sponsorship indeed affects the sponsor's (stock) market value. We find a statistically significant impact of football results (at an individual match level) of the seven most important football nations at European and World Championships on the stock prices of jersey sponsors. In general, the more important a match and the less expected its result, the higher its impact. In addition, we find a form of ‘mere-exposure’ effect which is difficult to reconcile with the efficient markets hypothesis.
The Determinants of Economic Growth in European Regions

Crespo Cuaresma J., Doppelhofer G. and Feldkircher M. The determinants of economic growth in European regions, Regional Studies. This paper uses Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to find robust determinants of economic growth between 1995 and 2005 in a new data set of 255 European regions. It finds that income convergence between countries is dominated by the catching-up of regions in new member states in Central and Eastern Europe, whereas convergence within countries is driven by regions in old European Union member states. Regions containing capital cities are growing faster, particularly in Central and Eastern European countries, as do regions with a large share of workers with a higher education. The results are robust when allowing for spatial spillovers among European regions.
Blind Identification of Underdetermined Mixtures Based on the Characteristic Function: The Complex Case

Blind identification of underdetermined mixtures can be addressed efficiently by using the second ChAracteristic Function (CAF) of the observations. Our contribution is twofold. First, we propose the use of a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, herein called LEMACAF, as an alternative to an Alternating Least Squares algorithm known as ALESCAF, which has been used recently in the case of real mixtures of real sources. Second, we extend the CAF approach to the case of complex sources for which the previous algorithms are not suitable. We show that the complex case involves an appropriate tensor stowage, which is linked to a particular tensor decomposition. An extension of the LEMACAF algorithm, called then proposed to blindly estimate the mixing matrix by exploiting this tensor decomposition. In our simulation results, we first provide performance comparisons between third- and fourth-order versions of ALESCAF and LEMACAF in various situations involving BPSK sources. Then, a performance study of is carried out considering 4-QAM sources. These results show that the proposed algorithm provides satisfying estimations especially in the case of a large underdeterminacy level.
Quasi-2D simulation of liquid metal flow past a cylinder in a duct exposed to a magnetic field

The present study numerically investigates the fluid flow and heat transfer of a liquid metal in a rectangular duct past a circular cylinder under a strong transverse magnetic field using a spectral element method. Under these conditions, the flow is quasi-two-dimensional and the flow equations are solved over the two-dimensional domain. A parametric study is performed for Reynolds numbers 100 ≤ Re ≤ 3000, Hartmann number 500≤Ha≤ 1200, and blockage ratio 0.1≤ β≤ 0.5. A constant Pradntl number Pr = 0.022 is maintained. The transition of the flow from steady to unsteady flow regimes is determined as a function of Ha and β. The effect of Hartmann number and blockage ratio on the critical Reynolds number, Strouhal number, and the heat transfer from the heated wall to the fluid are investigated. The transition from steady to unsteady flow was found to increase with increasing Ha for all values of β. For blockage ratio β≤ 0.2, there was a slight change in the amount of heat transfer as Ha is increases. However, there was a significant change in the the heaat transfer at different Ha for β≥ 0.2.
Fast Toeplitz linear system inversion for solving two-dimensional acoustic inverse problem

Abstract The coefficient inverse problem for the acoustic equation is considered. We propose the method for reconstructing the density based on the N-approximation by the finite system of one-dimensional problems and the two-dimensional M. G. Krein approach. The two-dimensional analogue of the M. G. Krein approach is applied to reduce the non-linear inverse problem to a family of linear integral equations. We consider the fast algorithm for solving the relevant linear system, based on using the block-Toeplitz structure of the matrix. The algorithm applied to the M. G. Krein equation allows to obtain the solution of the whole family of the integral equations by solving only one linear system. Results of numerical calculations are presented.