Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Study for HybriSCU: A HYBRID NbTi/ReBCO Superconducting Undulator

At the European XFEL, the undulator systems group has started in 2020 an R&D project dedicated to the development of innovative superconducting undulator (SCU) coils. SCUs are of great interest for storage rings and free electron lasers (FEL) facilities as they enable to widen the tunability range of the generated photon energy for the same electron beam energy compared with the established technology of the permanent magnet undulators. In this contribution, we present the characterization study and the achievable performance of HybriSCU a graded SCU coil combining two different superconductors: NbTi and high temperature superconductor (HTS) based on Rare-Earth Barium Copper Oxide (ReBCO) tape.
The alternative torus and the structure of elliptic quasi-simple Lie algebras of type ₂

We present the complete classification of the tame irreducible elliptic quasi-simple Lie algebras of type A2, and in particular, specialize on the case where the coordinates are not associative. Here the coordinates are Cayley-Dickson algebras over Laurent polynomial rings in v > 3 variables, which we call alternative tori. In giving our classification we need to present much information on these alternative tori and the Lie algebras coordinatized by them.
The Crank-Nicolson Extrapolation Stabilized Finite Element Method for Natural Convection Problem

This paper studies a fully discrete Crank-Nicolson linear extrapolation stabilized finite element method for the natural convection problem, which is unconditionally stable and has second order temporal accuracy of . A simple artificial viscosity stabilized of the linear system for the approximation of the new time level connected to antidiffusion of its effects at the old time level is used. An unconditionally stability and an a priori error estimate are derived for the fully discrete scheme. A series of numerical results are presented that validate our theoretical findings.
A High-Order Accurate Discontinuous Finite Element Method for the Numerical Solution of the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations

This paper deals with a high-order accurate discontinuous finite element method for the numerical solution of the compressible Navier? Stokes equations. We extend a discontinuous finite element discretization originally considered for hyperbolic systems such as the Euler equations to the case of the Navier? Stokes equations by treating the viscous terms with a mixed formulation. The method combines two key ideas which are at the basis of the finite volume and of the finite element method, the physics of wave propagation being accounted for by means of Riemann problems and accuracy being obtained by means of high-order polynomial approximations within elements. As a consequence the method is ideally suited to compute high-order accurate solution of the Navier? Stokes equations on unstructured grids. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated by computing the compressible viscous flow on a flat plate and around a NACA0012 airfoil for several flow regimes using constant, linear, quadratic, and cubic elements.
Coherent Electron Transport in Triple Quantum Dots

We use a quantum master equation approach to study the transport properties of a triple quantum dot ring. Unlike double quantum dots and triple quantum dot chains, this geometry gives two transport paths with a relative phase sensitive to magnetic flux via the Aharonov-Bohm effect. This gives rise to a coherent population trapping effect and what is known as a “dark state”. Unlike other master equation techniques valid only in the high bias voltage limit, our treatment reproduces such results as well as giving an analytic zero-bias conductance formula. As well as providing a more robust signature of this “dark state” physics, our model further predicts a negative differential resistance in connection with high bias rectification already predicted.
Dagbani tongue-root harmony : a formal account with ultrasound investigation

The aim of this dissertation is (i) to contribute to understanding of [ATR] harmony patterns with a formal account of Dagbani [ATR] harmony using the theory of Headed Spans (Span Theory) and (ii) to answer basic empirical questions about the relations between tongue-root phonological features and the articulatory gestures involved in producing vowels with these features. In Dagbani [+ATR] harmony, there are three vowel triggers: the high front vowel /i/ triggers progressive assimilation of [+ATR]; the mid vowels [e] and [o] trigger regressive assimilation. Mid vowel triggers predictably surface in domain-final open syllables while /i/ is contrastive. I account for [+ATR] harmony using the theory of Grounded Phonology and the interaction of height-based markedness constraint hierarchies. In addition to the basic harmonic patterns, Dagbani [ATR] harmony is constrained by a height similarity condition limiting the trigger and target to vowels of the same specification for [±high]. Within Span Theory, this is argued to be a restriction on height featural combination in a [+ATR] span. A unique part of the formal analysis is the account of direction-specific consonant opacity. Having challenged previous harmony theories, the ac-
A Bibliometric Analysis Study on Percutaneous Diskectomy

Abstract Objective: Percutaneous discectomy is an important issue in the field of neurosurgery. However, the outputs of scientific publications on this subject are not known. The goal of this study was to add to the body of knowledge by performing a bibliometric analysis of the original scientific studies on percutaneous discectomy that have been published since 1970. Material and Method: The literature review was done using the Web of Science database. All articles and citations related to percutaneous discectomy containing the keywords Mesh were searched in the "title" section of the search engine. The articles produced by the countries and their developments was analyzed. The Vosviewer program was utilized to map the coauthorship, keywords, etc. of the articles. Results: There was 619 articles between 1983-2021. The first articles were published in 1983 (3 articles). Nearly 73% of the articles have been published since 2000. The leading country on percutaneous discectomy was the People's Republic of China (n=264, 42.649%). Corresponding authors from China, South Korea, the United States of America (USA), Japan and Germany were the most productive authors. The publications from China had 2237 citations (8.47 per article), the publications from South Korea had 3483 citations (34.49 per article). Wooridul Spine Hospital (South Korea) was the mostly publishing affiliation. Conclusion: Future research on percutaneous discectomy will be able to benefit from the data collected in this bibliometric study. The majority of the publications originated from China, followed by South Korea and the USA. The number of publications from other countries around the world was very limited. These numbers need to be increased.
ICEGAN: inverse covariance estimating generative adversarial network

Owing to the recent explosive expansion of deep learning, several challenging problems in a variety of fields have been handled by deep learning, yet deep learning methods have been limited in their application to the network estimation problem. While network estimation has a possibility to be a useful method in various domains, deep learning-based network estimation has a limitation in that the number of variables must be fixed and the estimation cannot be performed by convolutional layers. In this study, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) based method, called Inverse Covariance Estimating GAN (ICEGAN), which can alleviate these limitations. In ICEGAN, the concepts in Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks are modified for the problem and employed to adopt gene expression data. Additionally, the Monte Carlo approach is used to address the fixed size in the network estimation process. Thus, sub-networks are sampled from the entire network and estimated by ICEGAN; then, the Monte Carlo approach reconstructs the entire network with the estimations. In the simulation study, ICEGAN demonstrated superior performances compared to conventional models and the ordinary GAN model in estimating networks. Specifically, ICEGAN outperformed an ordinary GAN by 85.9% on average when the models were evaluated using the area under curve. In addition, ICEGAN performed gene network estimation of breast cancer using a gene expression dataset. Consequently, ICEGAN demonstrated promising results, considering the deep learning-based network estimation and the proposed Monte Carlo approach for GAN models, both of which can be expanded to other domains.
A Fundamental Limitation of Passive Spring Rendering With Series Elastic Actuation

We establish a fundamental limitation of stiffness rendering with series elastic actuation by rigorously proving that no causal controller can passively render virtual stiffness levels that are higher than the stiffness of the physical series elastic element. To relax this bound, we propose the addition of a viscous damping term parallel to the elastic element to form series damped elastic actuation (SDEA). We show that there exist LTI controllers for SDEA that can relax the passivity bound on the virtual stiffness, and derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the passive stiffness rendering with SDEA under such a controller. We experimentally verify the relaxed passive stiffness rendering bounds for SDEA, by studying the coupled stability of interactions with most destabilizing environments.
Circumstellar Disk Candidates Identified from Ultraviolet Excesses in the Orion Nebula Cluster Flanking Fields

We present an optical study of four 45′ × 45′ fields centered ∼0. °5 east, west, north, and south of the Orion Nebula Cluster center. We have measured V and IC photometry for ∼5000 stars, and U photometry for ∼1600 of these. We have obtained spectral classifications for ∼300 of the stars with UVIC photometry plus an additional ∼200 stars located outside the area of our photometric survey. Dereddened photometry allows us to investigate the evidence for circumstellar accretion disks from excess emission at ultraviolet wavelengths, as well as the mass and age distributions of our sample. We find ∼230 active accretion disk candidates and estimate the accretion disk fraction at ≳40%. We use the magnitude of the ultraviolet excess to infer disk accretion rates. The mass accretion rate () decreases slowly with age over the limited age range spanned by our data, 1–3 Myr, and increases slowly with mass over the limited mass range 0.2–1.2 M⊙. Although complicated selection effects are likely to affect the overall trends with mass and age, we are sensitive to, but do not see, high -values associated with the older ages and lower masses in our sample. The mean value of is ∼10-8 M⊙ yr-1, with a range of more than 1 order of magnitude at all ages and masses. We find an age and age spread for our sample of 106.0±0.4 yr with no variation within or between our fields. Meaningful constraint of the mass distribution is precluded because of the completeness limits of our survey.
Characteristics of the efficiency of actions of top-level goalkeepers in soccer

The aim of this study was to present the characteristics of the actions efficiency in elite goalkeepers. 54 observations of 25 goalkeepers participating in 27 matches of the World and the European Championships and the Africa Cup of Nations and Copa America held in the years 2014–2019 were included. The study applied a method of observation. Game data were registered on a self-developed observation sheet. Goalkeepers’ activity, effectiveness, and reliability with a view to implementing the objectives of the game were analyzed in offensive and in defense. It was found that in the elite goalkeepers’ game, offensive actions constitute 62% and defensive 38% of all actions taken in matches. Actions aimed at positioning the game and at preventing a loss of a goal (60% and 22% respectively) dominated. In offensive goalkeepers showed the highest reliability in positioning the game by passing the ball with the foot, while in defense in preventing the loss of a goal by catching the ball. The created models mapping the top-skilled goalkeepers’ actions allow improving the process of coaching by referring their game to objective patterns.
Abdominal Migraines: A Rare Adulthood Manifestation of a Typical Childhood Disease

Abdominal migraine (AM) is a common childhood disease that rarely presents in adulthood. While multiple diagnostic guidelines have been established, AM can generally be described as unprovoked episodes of acute central abdominal pain with migrainous features and periods of relief. AM is believed to be caused by a disturbance in the gut-brain axis. We are presenting a case of a 47-year-old Caucasian female with a six-month history of abdominal pain and vomiting. The episodes occurred one to two times per week, for 12-18 hours. These episodes were unprovoked and the patient felt normal in between episodes. Her past medical history is notable for hypertension and childhood migraines. Extensive imaging and laboratory workups were unremarkable. A trial of as-needed 50-milligram sumatriptan was started. The patient’s symptoms were aided and became less frequent over the next three months. Although uncommon, this patient’s case presents convincing evidence of AM. Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), another disease of gut-brain access, was once thought to be a pediatric disease. However, further research showed relevant prevalence in the adult population. CVS has a similar mechanism and treatment plan to AM. It seems plausible that a closely related gut-brain axis disorder like AM could have more prevalence in the adult population. To better identify AM in adults, it is important that physicians inquire about a history of childhood migraines when faced with vague abdominal symptoms. Increased identification of AM will help guide treatment and improve patient outcomes.
A Study of Clumping in the Cepheus OB 3 Molecular Cloud

A portion of the Cep OB 3 molecular cloud has been mapped in the (C-13)O (1-0) line on a completely sampled grid with a 1.5-arcmin spacing. A total of 45 individual clouds, or clumps, have been identified in the map, with masses from 3 to 300 solar mass, sizes 3 pc or smaller, and mean densities of a few hundred/cu cm. Power-law correlations are found among the clump properties, namely, M proportional to R exp 2.5 and Delta(v) exp 0.24. These exponents differ somewhat from those found for similar correlations for molecular clouds in previous studies. Determination of the virial masses for the clumps shows that the clumps are not gravitationally bound and must be expanding on a time scale of about 1 Myr. Measurements of the (C-13)O (2-1) line give volume densities of 2000-5000. Comparisons of these densities with the mean volume densities from the (C-13)O (1-0) data suggest that the gas is clumped on a small scale with a volume filling factor of 0.04-0.10. 31 references.
The Bianchi identity of differential geometry

It is shown that the second Bianchi equation used by Einstein and Hilbert is incomplete, so that cosmology based on that equation is also incomplete. A great deal of new information can be obtained by deriving the true second Bianchi identity of differential geometry from first Bianchi identity of Cartan. When this done, it is seen that cosmology based on the Einstein Hilbert field equation is a narrow special case in which the torsion is missing. Using the true Bianchi identity, cosmology can be developed entirely in terms of torsion, in a simpler way, and providing more information.
Subacromial Content to Subacromial Space Ratio in Neutral Position of the Arm as Diagnostic Criteria of Subacromial Impingement Syndrome

Background: Shoulder impingement syndrome is one of the main causes of shoulder disability of working-class individuals. Currently, dynamic sonography of the shoulder is the modality of choice for the evaluation of shoulder impingement syndrome. The ratio of subacromial contents (SAC) and subacromial space (SAS) in neutral arm position could be used as a diagnostic parameter for the subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS), especially in patients who have difficulties in the elevation of their shoulders due to pain. To use the SAC to SAS ratio as a sonographic criterion for the diagnosis of SIS. Methods: SAC and SAS of 772 shoulders were vertically measured in coronal view with linear transducer 7–14MHz of Toshiba Xario Prime ultrasound unit, while the patient arm was kept in the neutral position. The ratio of both the measurements was calculated, to be used as a diagnostic parameter of the SIS. Results: The mean SAS was 10.79 ± 1.94 mm and SAC was 7.65 ± 1.43 mm. SAC-to-SAS ratio for normal shoulders was a focused value with narrow standard deviation (0.66 ± 0.03). However, shoulder impingement is confirmed by any value falls out of the range of ratio for normal shoulders. Area under the curve at 95% confidence interval was 96%, while the sensitivity at 95% confidence interval was 99.25% (97.83%–99.85%), and specificity was 80.86% (76.48%–84.74%). Conclusion: SAC-to-SAS ratio in neutral arm position is a relatively more accurate sonographic technique for the diagnosis of SIS.
Fast iterative solution of stabilised Stokes systems part II: using general block preconditioners

Mixed finite element approximation of the classical Stokes problem describing slow viscous incompressible flow gives rise to symmetric indefinite systems for the discrete velocity and pressure variables. Iterative solution of such indefinite systems is feasible and is an attractive approach for large problems. Part I of this work described a conjugate gradient-like method (the method of preconditioned conjugate residuals) which is applicable to symmetric indefinite problems [A. J. Wathen and D. J. Silvester, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 30 (1993), pp. 630–649]. Using simple arguments, estimates for the eigenvalue distribution of the discrete Stokes operator on which the convergence rate of the iteration depends are easily derived. Part I discussed the important case of diagonal preconditioning (scaling). This paper considers the more general class of block preconditioners, where the partitioning into blocks corresponds to the natural partitioning into the velocity and pressure variables. It is shown that, provid.
Interactions among Turbulence, Radiation and Microphysics in Arctic Stratus Clouds

Abstract The Arctic Stratus Experiment, conducted during June 1980 over the Beaufort Sea, produced an extensive set of simultaneous measurements of boundary layer structure, radiation fluxes, and cloud microphysical properties. In this paper these data are used to determine the interactions between mixing, radiative transfer, and cloud microphysics for four cloud decks. The thermodynamic structure and fluxes of the thermodynamic quantities in the cloudy boundary layer are examined, including liquid water fluxes. Net radiative heating profiles are also determined. A detailed analysis of the fine-scale structure of the cloud microphysics is presented, including correlations between the cloud microphysical parameters (droplet concentration, liquid water content, mean radius, spectral dispersion, and the 95% volume liquid water drop radius), which are used to infer the nature of the mixing processes and the local effects of radiative heating/cooling. A comparison is then made with other observations and exist.
Electron-impact emission cross sections of Ar

Electron impact emission cross sections of Ar were measured for the , and transitions from the threshold to 1000 eV by a polarization-free method. Two different methods were used in determining absolute emission cross sections for the first resonance lines. The first method is to measure the cascade cross sections to the 4s state by detecting visible to near-infrared radiation and the total cascade cross section was then combined with the level excitation cross section to the 4s state to give the emission cross section for the resonance line. The second method is to measure the vacuum ultraviolet sensitivity of the apparatus and an absolute emission cross section for the resonance line was obtained by comparing its spectral intensity with that of the Lyman- radiation produced from by electron impact. The two results showed good agreement within the experimental errors. The level excitation cross sections to the and states were obtained by subtracting the total cascade cross section to these levels from the corresponding emission cross sections.
IgG1 Is the Optimal Subtype for Treating Atherosclerosis by Inducing M2 Macrophage Differentiation, and Is Independent of the FcγRIIA Gene Polymorphism

In recent years, it has been established that atherosclerosis is an autoimmune disease. However, little is currently known about the role of FcγRIIA in atherosclerosis. Herein, we sought to investigate the relationship between FcγRIIA genotypes and the effectiveness of different IgG subclasses in treating atherosclerosis. We constructed and produced different subtypes of IgG and Fc-engineered antibodies. In vitro, we observed the effect of different subtypes of IgG and Fc-engineered antibodies on the differentiation of CD14+ monocytes from patients or healthy individuals. In vivo, Apoe−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks and administered injections of different CVI-IgG subclasses or Fc-engineered antibodies. Flow cytometry was used to assess the polarization of monocytes and macrophages. Although CVI-IgG4 reduced the release of MCP-1 compared to the other subtypes, IgG4 did not yield an anti-inflammatory effect by induction of human monocyte and macrophage differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms of FcγRIIA were not associated with different CVI-IgG subclasses during the treatment of atherosclerosis. In vivo, CVI-IgG1 decreased Ly6Chigh monocyte differentiation and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. We also found that the secretion of IL-10 was upregulated in the CVI-IgG1-treated group, whereas V11 and GAALIE exerted no significant effect. These findings highlight that IgG1 is the optimal subtype for treating atherosclerosis, and CVI-IgG1 can induce monocyte/macrophage polarization. Overall, these results have important implications for the development of therapeutic antibodies.
RADIOCARBON-BASED MODELING OF THE REIGN OF KING DEN (1ST DYNASTY, EGYPT) AND THE START OF THE OLD KINGDOM

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the chronology of King Den’s reign, the fifth ruler of the 1st Egyptian dynasty. A series of radiocarbon (14C) dates were established on archaeological material from several tombs at the Abu Rawash site, near Cairo, which comprises a complex of 12 monumental mud-brick mastabas. Modeling the 14C results enables us to estimate the date of King’s accession and to link this to the beginning of the 3rd Dynasty, i.e., to Egyptian state’s structuration. Through the application of OxCal software, sets of 14C results obtained from the same archaeological context have been summarized and compared with the precise state of our knowledge on the historical duration of this reign. These results place King Den’s accession between 3104 and 2913 BCE (2σ), with the more likely date being 3011–2921 BCE (1σ). The modeled temporal density thus obtained is based both on new contextualized 14C dates and on an updated reading of the historical information on his reign. This is a dynamic result, which can be refined as soon as we have more data to integrate into the model. Above all, this resulting model becomes a crucial chronological point to better determine the beginning of the Egyptian Old Kingdom.