Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Memristors: Device Modeling, Design and Verification

In-Memory Computing (IMC) using memristors is considered as one of the most researched topic in recent years. Since the first fabrication of the memristor in 2008, its popularity has expanded to a great extent. Researchers from various diverse domains have explored and contributed to the fabrication and design of the memristor device that in turn aids in the development of crossbar designs for IMC. IMC architectures have the potential to bridge the processor-memory speed gap that exists in current von-Neumann architectures. But due to the variability challenges of the memristive devices being an emerging technology, the technology requires time to mature to be widely adopted by the industry. Research is ongoing and there have been significant efforts from both academia and industry to push this technology forward to the next level. In this paper we aim to provide a brief overview of the various works that have been considered over the last one and a half decade in the broad area of modeling, design, mapping, testing, and verification of the memristor-based circuits and systems.
CORRELATION BETWEEN FETUIN-A LEVELS AND NAFLD FIBROSIS SCORE (NFS) IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) PATIENTS

Fetuin-A is a plasma glycoprotein expressed in the liver. Fatty liver accumulation because changing fetuin-A expression leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The benefits of serum fetuin-A as a predictor of fibrosis biomarkers in NAFLD patients remain unclear. Non-invasive scoring system predicting fibrosis among patients with NAFLD is the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). Objective. This study aims to find the correlation between circulating fetuin-A levels and NFS in NAFLD patients. Methods. Eighty subjects (male, 54; female, 26) followed this cross-sectional study. NAFLD is diagnosed with an abdominal ultrasound. The serum levels of fetuin-A measured by ELISA. NFS is used to identify the probability of fibrosis in subjects. The correlation between Fetuin-A levels and NFS was determined using Pearson correlation tests. A p-value < 0.05 was significant. Results. There was significant difference in fetuin-A levels (p < 0.001) between NAFLD degree I (421.71 pg/mL), NAFLD degree II (494.88 pg/mL), and NAFLD degree III (692 pg/mL). The NFS low probability score in 46 subjects and NFS indeterminate score in 34 subjects. Serum level of fetuin-A correlate significantly with NFS (r = 0.478, p < 0.001). Conclusion. There is a positive correlation between serum levels of fetuin-A and NFS in NAFLD patients.
Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for a Cluster-based Crop Recommendation System

A cluster-based crop recommendation system categorizes the crop candidates into several groups or classes (e.g., based on soil and environment parameters similarities). After receiving a request from a farmer, it recommends the most appropriate group of crops to the farmer. Proposing a group of crops (i.e., more than one crop) can allow farmers to consider their personal interests as well. In addition, the cluster-based crop recommendation system can reduce the complexity and utilized resources (e.g., compute resource). As the main contribution of this paper, we evaluate the performance of different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to find the most appropriate one for using in the cluster-based crop recommendation system.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in DDPG-Based Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Network

With the advancement of technology. , people's communication demands have become increasingly stringent. Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Network face challenges in energy efficiency. This study focuses on the energy efficiency problem within integrated space-ground networks and proposes a rational resource allocation scheme. Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients (DDPG) method is employed in this research, where appropriate state-action configurations and rewards are set. Considering external dynamic interference. , adaptive interference resistance is achieved. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the DDPG method. , random methods, and weighted Chebyshev methods. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed algorithm.
Multiscale Matrix Sampling and Sublinear-Time PageRank Computation

Abstract A fundamental problem arising in many applications in Web science and social network analysis is the problem of identifying all nodes in a network whose PageRank exceeds a given threshold Δ. In this paper, we study the probabilistic version of the problem whereby given an arbitrary approximation factor c > 1, we are asked to output a set S of nodes such that with high probability, S contains all nodes of PageRank at least Δ, and no node of PageRank smaller than Δ/c. We call this problem SignificantPageRanks. We develop a nearly optimal local algorithm for the problem with time complexity on networks with n nodes, where the tilde hides a polylogarithmic factor. We show that every algorithm for solving this problem must have running time of Ω(n/Δ), rendering our algorithm optimal up to logarithmic factors. Our algorithm has sublinear time complexity for applications including Web crawling and Web search that require efficient identification of nodes whose PageRanks are above a threshold Δ = nδ, for some constant 0 < δ < 1. Our algorithm comes with two main technical contributions. The first is a multiscale sampling scheme for a basic matrix problem that could be of interest on its own. For us, it appears as an abstraction of a subproblem we need to tackle in order to solve the SignificantPageRanks problem, but we hope that this abstraction will be useful in designing fast algorithms for identifying nodes that are significant beyond PageRank measurements. In the abstract matrix problem, it is assumed that one can access an unknown right-stochastic matrix by querying its rows, where the cost of a query and the accuracy of the answers depend on a precision parameter ε. At a cost propositional to 1/ε, the query will return a list of O(1/ε) entries and their indices that provide an ε-precision approximation of the row. Our task is to find a set that contains all columns whose sum is at least Δ and omits every column whose sum is less than Δ/c. Our multiscale sampling scheme solves this problem with cost , while traditional sampling algorithms would take time Θ((n/Δ)2). Our second main technical contribution is a new local algorithm for approximating personalized PageRank, which is more robust than the earlier ones developed in [Jeh and Widom 03, Andersen et al. 06] and is highly efficient, particularly for networks with large in-degrees or out-degrees. Together with our multiscale sampling scheme, we are able to solve the SignificantPageRanks problem optimally.
Distinct γ2 Subunit Domains Mediate Clustering and Synaptic Function of Postsynaptic GABAA Receptors and Gephyrin

Modulation of the concentration of postsynaptic GABAA receptors contributes to functional plasticity of inhibitory synapses. The γ2 subunit of GABAA receptor is specifically required for clustering of these receptors, for recruitment of the submembrane scaffold protein gephyrin to postsynaptic sites, and for postsynaptic function of GABAergic inhibitory synapses. To elucidate this mechanism, we here have mapped the γ2 subunit domains required for restoration of postsynaptic clustering and function of GABAA receptors in γ2 subunit mutant neurons. Transfection of γ2-/- neurons with the γ2 subunit but not the α2 subunit rescues postsynaptic clustering of GABAA receptors, results in recruitment of gephyrin to postsynaptic sites, and restores the amplitude and frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents to wild-type levels. Analogous analyses of chimeric γ2/α2 subunit constructs indicate, unexpectedly, that the fourth transmembrane domain of the γ2 subunit is required and sufficient for postsynaptic clustering of GABAA receptors, whereas cytoplasmic γ2 subunit domains are dispensable. In contrast, both the major cytoplasmic loop and the fourth transmembrane domain of the γ2 subunit contribute to efficient recruitment of gephyrin to postsynaptic receptor clusters and are essential for restoration of miniature IPSCs. Our study points to a novel mechanism involved in targeting of GABAA receptors and gephyrin to inhibitory synapses.
Towards a Competitive Market for Reactive Power

This paper presents the design of a competitive market for reactive power ancillary services. Generator reactive power capability characteristics are used to analyze the reactive power costs and subsequently to construct a bidding framework. The reactive power market is settled on uniform price auction, using a compromise programming approach based on a modified optimal power flow model. The paper examines market power issues in these markets and identifies locations where strategic market power advantages are present that need to be removed through investments in reactive power devices.
Embeddings of negative-type metrics and an improved approximation to generalized sparsest cut

In this paper, we study the metrics of <i>negative type</i>, which are metrics (<i>V</i>, d) such that √d is an Euclidean metric; these metrics are thus also known as "<i>l</i><inf>2</inf>-squared" metrics.We show how to embed <i>n</i>-point negative-type metrics into Euclidean space <i>l</i><inf>2</inf> with distortion <i>D</i> = <i>O</i>(log<sup>3/4</sup> <i>n</i>). This embedding result, in turn, implies an <i>O</i>(log<sup>3/4</sup> <i>k</i>)-approximation algorithm for the Sparsest Cut problem with non-uniform demands. Another corollary we obtain is that <i>n</i>-point subsets of <i>l</i><inf>1</inf> embed into <i>l</i><inf>2</inf> with distortion <i>O</i>(log<sup>3/4</sup> <i>n</i>).
RAS–Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Is Required for Enhanced PD-L1 Expression in Human Lung Cancers

Ectopic programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) is related to immune evasion by cancer, and it is a molecular target of immune checkpoint therapies. Although some altered signals in NSCLCs are responsible for ectopic PD-L1 expression, the precise mechanisms remain obscure. Because we found a higher frequency of EGFR/KRAS mutations in NSCLC cell lines with high PD-L1 expression (p < 0.001), we evaluated the relationships between downstream signals and PD-L1 expression, particularly in three KRAS-mutant adenocarcinoma cell lines. The MEK inhibitor U0126 (20 μM) significantly decreased the surface PD-L1 levels by 50–60% compared with dimethyl sulfoxide (p < 0.0001). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation (100 nM, 15 min) increased (p < 0.05) and two ERK2 siRNAs as well as KRAS siRNAs decreased (p < 0.05) PD-L1 expression. The transcriptional activity of the potential AP-1 site (+4785 to +5056 from the transcription start site) in the PD-L1 gene was demonstrated by luciferase assays, which was inhibited by U0126. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated the binding of cJUN to the AP-1 site. Two STAT3 siRNAs decreased PD-L1 expression by 10–32% in two of the three KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (p < 0.05), while the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (40 μM) did not change the expression level. Supervised cluster analysis and gene set enrichment analysis between the PD-L1-high and -low NSCLCs revealed a correlation between PD-L1 expression and genes/pathways related to cell motility/adhesion. These results indicate that MAPK signaling is the dominant downstream signal responsible for ectopic PD-L1 expression, in which STAT3 is also involved to some extent. Furthermore, MAPK signaling may control the expression of PD-L1 and several genes related to enhanced cell motility. Our findings suggest that MAPK, along with STAT3, is important for determining PD-L1 expression, which could be useful for targeted therapies against lung cancers.
Tectono-Thermal History Modeling and Reservoir Simulation Study of the Nenana Basin, Central Alaska: Implications for Regional Tectonics and Geologic Carbon Sequestration

Central Interior Alaska is an active tectonic deformation zone highlighted by the complex interactions of active strike-slip fault systems with thrust faults and folds of the Alaska Range fold-and-thrust belt. This region includes the Nenana basin and the adjacent Tanana basin, both of which have significant Tertiary coal-bearing formations and are also promising areas (particularly the Nenana basin) with respect to hydrocarbon exploration and geologic carbon sequestration. I investigate the modern-day crustal architecture of the Nenana and Tanana basins using seismic reflection, aeromagnetic and gravity anomaly data and demonstrate that the basement of both basins shows strong crustal heterogeneity. The Nenana basin is a deep (up to 8 km), narrow transtensional pull-apart basin that is deforming along the left-lateral Minto Flats fault zone. The Tanana basin has a fundamentally different geometry and is a relatively shallow (up to 2 km) asymmetrical foreland basin with its southern, deeper side controlled by the northern foothills of the central Alaska Range. NE-trending strike-slip faults within the Tanana basin are interpreted as a zone of clockwise crustal block rotation. Seismic refection data, well data, fracture data and apatite fission track data further constrain the tectonic evolution and thermal history of the Nenana basin. The Nenana basin experienced four distinct tectonic phases since Late Paleocene time. The basin initiated as a narrow half-graben structure in Late Paleocene with accumulation of greater than 6000 feet of sediments. The basin was then uplifted, resulting in the removal of up to 5000 feet of Late
Seeing the future: Natural image sequences produce “anticipatory” neuronal activity and bias perceptual report

This paper relates human perception to the functioning of cells in the temporal cortex that are engaged in high-level pattern processing. We review historical developments concerning (a) the functional organization of cells processing faces and (b) the selectivity for faces in cell responses. We then focus on (c) the comparison of perception and cell responses to images of faces presented in sequences of unrelated images. Specifically the paper concerns the cell function and perception in circumstances where meaningful patterns occur momentarily in the context of a naturally or unnaturally changing visual environment. Experience of visual sequences allows anticipation, yet one sensory stimulus also “masks” perception and neural processing of subsequent stimuli. To understand this paradox we compared cell responses in monkey temporal cortex to body images presented individually, in pairs and in action sequences. Responses to one image suppressed responses to similar images for ∼500 ms. This suppression led to responses peaking 100 ms earlier to image sequences than to isolated images (e.g., during head rotation, face-selective activity peaks before the face confronts the observer). Thus forward masking has unrecognized benefits for perception because it can transform neuronal activity to make it predictive during natural change.
Real time face recognition using adaboost improved fast PCA algorithm

This paper presents an automated system for human face recognition in a real time background world for a large homemade dataset of persons face. The task is very difficult as the real time background subtraction in an image is still a challenge. Addition to this there is a huge variation in human face image in terms of size, pose and expression. The system proposed collapses most of this variance. To detect real time human face AdaBoost with Haar cascade is used and a simple fast PCA and LDA is used to recognize the faces detected. The matched face is then used to mark attendance in the laboratory, in our case. This biometric system is a real time attendance system based on the human face recognition with a simple and fast algorithms and gaining a high accuracy rate.
Reasoning with Very Expressive Fuzzy Description Logics

It is widely recognized today that the management of imprecision and vagueness will yield more intelligent and realistic knowledge-based applications. Description Logics (DLs) are a family of knowledge representation languages that have gained considerable attention the last decade, mainly due to their decidability and the existence of empirically high performance of reasoning algorithms. In this paper, we extend the well known fuzzy ALC DL to the fuzzy SHIN DL, which extends the fuzzy ALC DL with transitive role axioms (S), inverse roles (I), role hierarchies (H) and number restrictions (N). We illustrate why transitive role axioms are difficult to handle in the presence of fuzzy interpretations and how to handle them properly. Then we extend these results by adding role hierarchies and finally number restrictions. The main contributions of the paper are the decidability proof of the fuzzy DL languages fuzzy-SI and fuzzy-SHIN, as well as decision procedures for the knowledge base satisfiability problem of the fuzzy-SI and fuzzy-SHIN.
Estimating the ice thickness of the Müller Ice Cap to support selection of a drill site

The Müller Ice Cap will soon set the scene for a new drilling project. Therefore, ice thickness estimates are necessary for planning, since thickness measurements of the ice cap are sparse. Here, three models are presented and compared: (i) a simple Semi-Empirical Ice Thickness Model (SEITMo) based on an inversion of the shallow-ice approximation by the use of a single radar line in combination with the glacier outline, surface slope, and elevation; (ii) an iterative inverse method using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), and (iii) a velocity-based inversion of the shallow-ice approximation. The velocity-based inversion underestimates the ice thickness at the ice cap top, making the model less useful to aid in drill site selection, whereas PISM and the SEITMo mostly agree about a good drill site candidate. However, the new SEITMo is insensitive to mass balance, computationally fast, and provides as good ﬁts as PISM.
Ancient origin for Hawaiian Drosophilinae inferred from protein comparisons.

Immunological comparisons of a larval hemolymph protein enabled us to build a tree relating major groups of drosophiline flies in Hawaii to one another and to continental flies. The tree agrees in topology with that based on internal anatomy. Relative rate tests suggest that evolution of hemolymph proteins has been about as fast in Hawaii as on continents. Since the absolute rate of evolution of hemolymph proteins in continental flies is known, one can erect an approximate time scale for Hawaiian fly evolution. According to this scale, the Hawaiian fly fauna stems from a colonist that landed on the archipelago about 42 million years ago-i.e., before any of the present islands harboring drosophilines formed. This date fits with the geological history of the archipelago, which has witnessed the sequential rise and erosion of many islands during the past 70 million years. We discuss the bearing of the molecular time scale on views about rates of organismal evolution in the Hawaiian flies.
14.5 A 0.53THz reconfigurable source array with up to 1mW radiated power for terahertz imaging applications in 0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS

Recently, silicon-based THz video cameras have been demonstrated for industrial, surveillance, scientific, and medical applications in the THz range (300GHz to 3THz) [1]. Such camera implementations favor pixels with antenna-coupled direct detectors for a low power dissipation and a high pixel count. Despite this progress, they lack the required sensitivity for passive imaging and imagers are in the need of artificial illumination to provide the required image quality. The choice has been to use expensive high-power focused illumination with a single direction for the incoming beam, which seriously limits the image quality due to its specular nature. Additionally, detectors in a focal-plane array configuration share the available source power and the image SNR further drops with the camera resolution. Like imaging at visible light, where shades or reflectors are commonly used, active THz imaging would greatly benefit from incoherent artificial light sources to adjust brightness, phase/frequency, and the direction of light to obtain the desired lighting conditions.
How Does Social Security Affect the Racial Wealth Gap?

The large and persistent gap by race in U.S. household wealth is a well-established empirical fact, though the causal mechanisms for wealth differentials are still a subject of debate. Previous research on wealth inequality has shown that expanding the concept of wealth to include Social Security reduces overall wealth inequality (Sabelhaus and Volz 2022a). These two observations motivate the questions and empirical approach in this study. Focusing on individuals born between 1936 and 1965 and observed at ages 51 to 56 in two household data sets, I first study wealth ratios and wealth rankings by race using conventional household wealth measures, and then study the implications of expanding the wealth measure to include Social Security. In the wealth measures excluding Social Security, there is 23-percentage-point average wealth rank gap between Black and white individuals that falls to 13 percentage points after controlling for earnings and other observables. Adding Social Security reduces racial wealth gaps, but also draws attention to the fact that resolving expected Social Security funding shortfalls could have first order implications for wealth inequality and the racial wealth gap. Adding Social Security does not impact wealth rank gaps by race, however, which reinforces the need for further research on differences in wealth accumulation dynamics.
Surface modiﬁcation of P DL LGA microspheres with gelatine methacrylate: Evaluation of adsorption, entrapment, and oxygen plasma treatment approaches

Injectable poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (P DL LGA) microspheres are promising candidates as biodegradable controlled release carriers for drug and cell delivery applications; however, they have limited functional groups on the surface to enable dense grafting of tissue speciﬁc biocompatible molecules. In this study we have evaluated surface adsorption, entrapment and oxygen plasma treatment as three approaches to modify the surfaces of P DL LGA microspheres with gelatine methacrylate (gel-MA) as a bio-compatible and photo cross-linkable macromolecule. Time of ﬂight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to detect and quantify gel-MA on the surfaces. Fluorescent and scanning electron microscopies (SEM) were used to image the topographical changes. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of immortalised cell line were cultured on the surface of gel-MA modiﬁed P DL LGA microspheres and Presto-Blue assay was used to study the effect of different surface modiﬁcations on cell proliferation. Data analysis showed that the oxygen plasma treat-ment approach resulted in the highest density of gel-MA deposition. This study supports oxygen plasma treatment as a facile approach to modify the surface of injectable P DL LGA microspheres with macro-molecules such as gel-MA to enhance proliferation rate of injected cells and potentially enable further grafting of tissue speciﬁc molecules.