Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zur Theorie der Elementarteilchen

The equation is analysed with respect to the following consequences. I the group theoretical structure of the equation is studied. The equation is invariant under a number of continous transformations: the inhomogeneous Lorentzgroup, the transformations of PAULI, GÜRSEY and TOUSCHEK, and the scale transformation [ϰ→η x or ψ → η⅔ψ(ϰη, l η)]. The PAULI-GÜRSEY group is used for the interpretation of the isospin; the γ5-transformation of TOUSCHEK establishes a quantum number IN, and the scale transformation leads to a quantum number IN, which both are connected with the baryonic and the leptonic number. The strangeness s=lN-lQ is suggested to be connected with the discrete groups of the equation and could then be defined and conserved only modulo 4. Of the discrete groups only the well known transformations P, C and T and the reversal of l (l→ - l) are briefly discussed. In II the vacuum expectation values of products of two field operators are studied. These values are considered to be only in a first approximation invariant under the Isospingroup. The deviations from the PAULI-GÜRSEY symmetry in higher approximations are supposed to be due to the replacement of the state “vacuum” by an idealised state “world”, which possesses an infinite isospin; the strange particles are consequently interpreted as states which “borrow” an isospin 1/2 or 1 from the ground state “world”. The concept of “One particle-wavefunctions” is discussed in III. The fermions of finite mass belong to wavefunctions obeying a KLEIN-Gordon-spinor equation instead of a DIRAC equation. The connection with the conventional formalism of the DIRAC equation is treated in detail. The process of ^-conjugation springing from these discussions is used for a variation of the methods of approximation needed later on for the determination of mass values and the pion-nucleon coupling constant. In IV the TAMM-DANCOFF method is applied in two different forms for an estimate of the masses of nucleons and π-mesons. The masses and the symmetry properties of the particles agree qualitatively with the experimental results. The scattering of π-mesons from nucleons is treated in V by a method related more closely to the BETHE-SALPETER theory than to the TAMM-DANCOFF method; the theory leads to a relativistic pseudovector-coupling as the main term and to a value of the coupling constant of the right order of magnitude. In VI the interaction for β-decay is analysed with respect to its symmetry properties. The theory leads to cs =cT= cp=0 and, in the lowest approximation, to cA= -cV, while in higher approximations the ratio cA/cv will be somewhat altered. In VII some mathematical questions are discussed that have been raised by PAULI at the Geneva conference 1958. For the renormalized operators of the Lee model an integro-differential equation is given, that contains only the arbitrarily small time interval Δt. It is further shown in detail why a linear differential equation leads to δ-functions on the light cone for the propagator, while a non linear differential equation can produce there a different kind of singularity.
A Review of IPO Under-pricing Phenomenon in Asia

_________________________________ This paper reviews the current status of IPO research in Asia, especially when it comes to the issue of the under pricing phenomenon. This interest stems from the increasing attention that some of the Asia Pacific region countries have, due to their higher average initial returns in comparison to other developed and developing countries. In this review, we identify the determinants for the high levels of under pricing as reported in the literature. We find that the regulatory environment of these Asian countries is the most reasonable source for such under-pricing, as it sets it apart from other developed and developing countries. The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 14, 2018-2019 : 1-26
Philippe POCHET, À la recherche de l’Europe sociale

A la recherche de l’Europe sociale s’inscrit dans la longue liste d’ouvrages qui entourent de precautions leur usage de l’expression « Europe sociale », en en faisant une hypothese, un projet, un defi, une marche, une impasse ou une recherche. Avant d’etre un domaine de recherche, le terme recouvre des ensembles de projets politiques inegalement realises, ce qui explique l’inconfort de son usage dans la litterature scientifique. Si l’ouvrage de Philippe Pochet a l’ampleur d’un manuel, il pres.
The Impact of Executive Gender and Overconfidence on Corporate Acquisitions

Are female executives less overconfident than their male counterparts? Does this overconfidence explain their acquisition decisions? In this research I analyse 3,441 acquisition, performed by 2,357 executives at 921 firms between 2006 and 2018 in order to answer these questions. Using proven overconfidence measures, I findno conclusive differences between the frequency of overconfidence classification between female and male executives. Furthermore, I find that female executives undertake significantly less acquisitions than males, irrespective of their overconfidence, i.e. both overconfident and rational female executives engage in less acquisitions than male executives. Finally, I find the relation betweenoverconfidence andshort-term market performance around the acquisition-announcement to be significantly positive, which goes against previous empirical research. The results suggest that overconfidence manifests itself differently in female and male executives.
POTENSI PEMBAYARAN ZAKAT SECARA ONLINE DAN OFFLINE SERTA REALISASI DANA ZAKAT INDONESIA

This study aims to describe the potential payment of zakat online and payment of zakat manually and the realization of zakat collection in Indonesia. Furthermore, this study seeks to highlight the effectiveness and efficiency between the potential of online zakat payments and manual zakat payments by muzakki and analysis of the realization of zakat receipts. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data from various literature. The results of this study indicate that digitalisation of zakat by examining the potential of online zakat payments is quite effective and efficient while for the total amount of zakat collection there is still dominance in the method of manual zakat payment and the realization of zakat revenue in Indonesia has always increased over the period 2012- 2017. However, there is a very large gap between the potential value and the amount of realization. During 2012-2017 the realization of zakat collection is still in the range of 0.2 - 1%. One factor is that the majority of Indonesians prefer to distribute their zakat directly to mustahik or through institutions that have not been officially under the auspices of the government such as mosques, mushollah, and other social institutions so that they cannot be recorded as a whole
Anterior insular cortex plays a critical role in interoceptive attention

Although accumulating evidence indicates that the anterior insular cortex (AIC) mediates interoceptive attention, which refers the attention towards physiological signals arising from the body, the necessity of the AIC in this process has not been demonstrated. Using a novel task that directs attention toward breathing rhythm, we assessed the involvement of the AIC in interoceptive attention in healthy participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging and examined the necessity of the AIC in interoceptive attention in patients with AIC lesions. We found that interoceptive attention was associated with greater AIC activation, as well as enhanced coupling between the AIC and somatosensory area along with reduced coupling between AIC and visual sensory areas. AIC activation and connectivity were predictive of individual differences in interoceptive accuracy. Importantly, AIC lesion patients showed disrupted interoceptive discrimination accuracy and sensitivity. Together, these results provide compelling evidence that AIC plays a critical role in interoceptive attention.
Dissolution Kinetics of High Explosive Compounds (TNT, RDX, HMX)

Abstract : The production and usage of high explosive compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-I,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,S,7-tetrazocine (HMX) have resulted in their release in the environment. These compounds pose potential harm because of their reactivity and effects on health. Agencies that use high explosive compounds are working to better understand the physical and chemical properties surrounding these explosive compounds to include their fate and transport, effects on health, and remediation alternatives. Though dissolution is a primary method making explosive compounds available for other processes, research on this topic has been limited. The objective of this study was to describe the dissolution rate and solubility of TNT, RDX, and HMX individually and as components in the explosive formulations octol, Composition B, and LX-14. Moditying a batch reactor dissolution methodology used by the pharmaceutical industry, experiments were conducted where concentration was measured as a function of temperature, solid surface area, and mixing rate. Solubility of explosive compounds was measured as a %function of temperature. Sample analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.
Physical, physiological and anatomical changes in Erythrina speciosa Andrews seeds from different seasons related to the dormancy degree

Dormancy, a process that allows seeds to survive in adverse environments, needs to be broken for germination to start, for example, by the disruption of the impermeable layer of seeds. Mature seeds of Erythrina speciosa present seed coat impermeability, whose degree depends on the year of production. The objective of this study was to analyze the physical, physiological, anatomical, and ultrastructural seed coat modifications, according to the environmental conditions in which seeds were produced, as well as the seed sensitivity to treatments as for breaking dormancy. E. speciosa seeds were collected for six years in a row and were analyzed as for dormancy degree. Moreover, chemical scarifications by different immersion times were applied on seeds from two production years, as well as mechanical scarification, which was an efficient methodology to overcome dormancy. Different immersion times by acid scarification were necessary to break dormancy in each harvest year. It was possible to conclude that the climatic conditions under which the mother plant is submitted can influence the dormancy degree of E. speciosa seeds, but the expected anatomical changes between dormant and non-dormant seeds were not found in seeds from this species.
Microencapsulation de bactéries probiotiques dans des matrices laitières : études des mécanismes de formation par une approche multi-échelle

Ce travail de these a permis la mise au point d'un procede d'encapsulation de bacteries probiotiques dans des matrices ne contenant que des ingredients laitiers. L'etude a l'echelle laboratoire puis, le dimensionnement du procede a l'echelle pilote ont permis la production de microparticules stables dans des milieux aqueux et resistantes a des conditions simulant l'estomac. La nature des proteines presentes mais egalement leurs proportions ont influence la localisation des bacteries dans les microparticules : a la surface pour une matrice uniquement composee de caseine et a l'interieur pour une matrice composee a la fois de caseines et de proteines solubles. L'interpretation de ces resultats par une etude a l'echelle moleculaire des interactions qui s'etablissent entre les bacteries probiotiques et les proteines laitieres a ete possible grâce a l'utilisation de la microscopie a force atomique. Les proteines solubles interagissent de facon specifique avec les bacteries alors que les caseines interagissent de facon non specifique. De meme, la presence de pili a la surface de la bacterie est favorable a la l'etablissement d'interactions fortes entre LGG et les proteines solubles. Ce travail a donc permis d'expliquer des resultats obtenus a l'echelle macroscopique (taux d'encapsulation et de survie dans des conditions gastriques) grâce a des observations microscopiques et une etude a l'echelle nanoscopique des interactions entre les differents composants. Cette approche multi-echelle a elucide certains mecanismes regissant l'encapsulation de bacteries probiotiques dans des matrices laitieres
Patterns and drivers of spatio-temporal variability of suspended sediment in the Waikato lakes, New Zealand

ABSTRACT Quantifying and interpreting variability in ecological systems allows us to better understand the driving forces that determine ecosystems functioning. We utilised earth observation-based remote sensing to determine total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations for 109 lakes over 16 years. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to quantify variability of TSS at three temporal scales (monthly, annual and long-term) and at the horizontal spatial scale. CV values varied between 0.14 and 1.09. Drivers of observed variability patterns were explored using five lake morphological and catchment characteristics. Lake area was the most important variable to predict variability of TSS. De-vegetated lakes displayed significantly higher TSS concentrations than vegetated lakes; however, aquatic vegetation was found to moderate only spatial variability of TSS. As spatio-temporal variability can be assumed to drive key ecosystem functions, determining characteristic variability patterns for various attributes should be a prerequisite when setting management goals and developing monitoring regimes.
Transcriptional dynamics of bread wheat in response to nitrate and phosphate supply reveal functional divergence of genetic factors involved in nitrate and phosphate signaling

Nitrate (N) and phosphate (P) levels are sensed by plant cells and signaled via local and systemic signaling pathways to modulate plant growth and development. Understanding the genetic basis of these signaling mechanisms is key to future improvement of nutrient use efficiency. While major progress has been made in understanding N and P signaling pathways and their interaction in the model plant Arabidopsis, understanding of transcriptional responses to N and P in a major monocot crop wheat is lacking. Therefore, we investigated gene expression dynamics of wheat roots in response to N and/or P provision using RNA-Seq. We found that nitrate presence is the major trigger for most of the transcriptional response to occur within 24 h, however, we also identified a large array of synergistic transcriptional responses to concomitant supply of N and P. Through gene co-expression analysis, we identified gene co-expression modules prominent in nitrate signaling and metabolism in wheat. Importantly, we identified likely instances of functional divergence in major N-responsive transcription factors families HRS1/HHO and TGA of wheat from their rice/Arabidopsis homologues. Our work broadens the understanding of wheat N and P transcriptional responses and aids in prioritizing gene candidates for production of wheat varieties that are efficient in nitrogen usage.
Malware Classification using Km-SVM

Malware identification and classification is a problem faced even in this decade. This is majorly due to the fact that advance malware are more sophisticated in nature and have state of the art abilities to remain hidden or change their code/behaviour more like a smart malware. Hence, old detection and classification techniques are no longer as effective. This resulted in pivoting towards machine learning for better detection and classification of such malware. This is the motive behind the topic of this research thesis. Through this thesis, effort has been made to better classify malware using a combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning while keeping the accuracy at acceptable levels and reducing training time. This led to conducting study not only in malware classification but also in other fields such as speech recognition and medical research to identify different techniques which could possibly be used for successful malware classification.
Dynamic Processing of Background Speech at the Cocktail Party: Evidence for Early Active Cortical Stream Segregation

Abstract Humans are remarkably skilled at listening to one speaker out of an acoustic mixture of speech sources, even without binaural cues, but the neural mechanisms underlying this ability are not well understood. One possibility is that early cortical processing performs a spectro-temporal decomposition of the acoustic mixture, allowing the attended speech to be reconstructed via optimally weighted recombinations that discount spectro-temporal regions where sources heavily overlap. Using human magnetoencephalographic responses to a two-talker mixture, we show evidence for an alternative possibility, in which early, active segregation occurs even for strongly spectro-temporally overlapping regions. Early (~70 ms) responses to individual non-overlapping spectro-temporal features are seen for both talkers. When competing talkers’ spectro-temporal features mask each other, the individual representations persist but now with a ~20 ms delay, suggesting an active segregation process with a temporal processing cost. Such active segregation could explain behavioral effects of ignored background speech.
Identification of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 substrates in Dictyostelium discoideum

Author(s): Lin, Connie | Advisor(s): Firtel, Richard A | Abstract: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is a highly conserved multifunctional kinase that regulates many cellular processes in eukaryotes, including cell motility, microtubule function, and cell differentiation (Frame et al., 2001). Dictyostelium GSK3, GskA, has been shown to be essential for chemotaxis (Teo R et al., 2010), although only one GskA substrate, Daydreamer, has been identified so far (Kolsch et al., 2013). Interestingly, the chemotaxis phenotype of Daydreamer null cells was not as severe as the one observed for gskA_ (GskA null) cells, suggesting that there may be more proteins downstream GskA that are regulating chemotaxis. To identify direct downstream effectors of GSK3, a phosphoprotemic assay was performed before and after stimulation with the chemoattractant cAMP in wild-type and gskA- cells (Kolsch et al., 2013). This investigation provided potential direct GSK3 substrate candidates, GxcGG and SogA, based on the phosphorylation of the GSK3 consensus sequence (s/tXXXs/t) in wild-type cells but not in gskA- cells. Our results showed that GxcGG and SogA were phosphorylated in in vitro kinase assays by GSK3. Overall, both sogA- and gxcGG- cells displayed chemotaxis and developmental defects that resulted in incomplete fruiting body development. However they operate at different areas of the GSK3 signaling cascade as visualized by the cell membrane translocation of GFP tagged GxcGG and translocation to the cytosol of GFP tagged SogA during chemotaxis. My investigations suggest that SogA and GxcGG are substrates of GSK3 involved in the cAMP chemotaxis signaling pathway.
Cell Destruction by Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Real-time Monitoring of Bio-particles

Fundamental study on high speed detection of bio-particles (BPs) in air was carried out using discharge plasma. Fine particles in air were sampled on a collection plate effectively, using electrostatic precipitation. Collected particles were exposed to barrier discharge plasma to destroy the cell and to obtain cell lysates. In 20 sec, Escherichia coli and other cells can be destroyed. In situ electrophoresis in agarose gel and membrane filtering were examined to separate the DNA from the other substances in the lysates. The transferred DNA was stained with fluorescent dye for microscopic observation. In this experimental condition, enough amount of DNA for the detection was transferred through the thin agarose gel layer. From the experimental results, detection of bio-particles in air can be detected by combining each step.
Retinoid X receptor alpha is a spatiotemporally-specific therapeutic target for doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish

While the genetic suppressor screen is efficient in suggesting therapeutic genes, this strategy has yet to be successful for cardiomyopathies in vertebrates. To develop such a strategy, we recently established a mutagenesis screen platform in zebrafish for systematic discovery of genetic modifiers of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). Here, we further revealed both molecular and cellular insights of the first salutary modifier emerged from the screen, i.e. gene-breaking transposon (GBT) 0419 that affects the retinoid X receptor alpha a (rxraa) gene. First, by rescuing the mutation in tissue-specific manner with multiple Cre-loxP systems, we demonstrated that the endothelial, but not myocardial or epicardial, function of rxraa is primary to this cardioprotective effects. Next, we showed that the rxraa-associated salutary effects on DIC were conferred partially by the activation of retinoid acid (RA) signaling. Finally, we identified isotretinoin and bexarotene, 2 US Food and Drug Administration-approved RXRA agonists that are effective in treating adult zebrafish DIC when administered during the early, but not the late, phase of DIC progression. Collectively, we provided the first in vivo genetic evidence in supporting RXRA as the therapeutic target for DIC, and uncovered a previously unrecognized spatiotemporally-restricted mechanism for this gene-based therapeutic strategy. Our study also justified that searching salutary modifiers via zebrafish mutagenesis screen can be effective in discovering new therapeutic targets for cardiomyopathies.
Multidimensional dynamics of the proteome in the neurodegenerative and ageing mammalian brain

The amount of any given protein in the brain is determined by the rates of its synthesis and destruction, which are regulated by different cellular mechanisms. Here, we combine metabolic labelling in live mice with global proteomic profiling to simultaneously quantify both the flux and amount of proteins in mouse models of neurodegeneration. In multiple models, protein turnover increases were associated with increasing pathology. This method distinguishes changes in protein expression mediated by synthesis from those mediated by degradation. In the AppNL-F knockin mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease increased turnover resulted from imbalances in both synthesis and degradation, converging on proteins associated with synaptic vesicle recycling (Dnm1, Cltc, Rims1) and mitochondria (Fis1, Ndufv1). In contrast to disease models, ageing in wildtype mice caused a widespread decrease in protein recycling associated with a decrease in autophagic flux. This simple multidimensional approach enables the comprehensive mapping of proteome dynamics and identifies affected proteins in mouse models of disease and other live animal test settings.
Tracing past human mobility and disease in western Eurasia by the genetic analysis of ancient human remains

The emerging field of Archaeogenetics has been claiming a pivotal role in ongoing efforts to reconstruct the human past. In this thesis, Archaeogenetic approaches are used to reconstruct genomic data from historical and archaeological human remains. These molecular fossils are than used to trace and characterize past human mobility and disease. The papers comprising this thesis are centered around three noteworthy events in human history over the last 15,000 years: the Neolithic transition in central Anatolia; the Bronze Age collapse in the southern Levant; and the Justinianic Plague. The demographic processes that have led to these events are investigated as well as their long term genetic impact.