Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution CO Observations of Luminous Infrared Galaxies

We have performed a high-resolution imaging survey of the CO J = 1 → 0 emission in seven galaxies with infrared (IR) luminosities exceeding 3 × 1011 L☉—five of which are mergers. The resultant maps show that the molecular gas is very highly concentrated towards the cores of the mergers, with gas surface densities approaching or exceeding 104 M☉ pc-2 within 300–400 pc of the nuclei in three cases. This result supports earlier findings based on data from a smaller sample of luminous mergers. In the two mergers that show closely spaced double IR (stellar) nuclei, CO emission peaks between the nuclei and shows an extent roughly equal to the nuclear separation. The gas cores of the individual merging galaxies appear to be coalescing, while the stellar cores remain distinct. In the three single nucleus mergers, the CO peaks are coincident with the stellar nuclei, consistent with the hypothesis that these are relatively evolved merger remnants. In two of the three mergers with the most compact CO emission (Mrk 231 and NGC 6240), the empirical Galactic conversion factor from CO luminosity to molecular gas mass appears to overestimate the nuclear gas mass by a factor of more than 2 (3.6 in the case of Mrk 231). For Mrk 231, the high brightness temperature of the CO emission (Tb > 34 K) is the likeliest explanation for this overestimate. In the third such merger (NGC 2623), however, the geometry and kinematics suggest that the molecular gas mass is within a factor of 2 of the value given by using the Galactic conversion factor. Nonetheless, in all three of these objects, the molecular gas probably dominates the nuclear gravitational potential. We suggest that the molecular gas in objects with such high gas mass surface densities (∼104 M☉ pc-2) is distributed in nuclear disks. These disks must be thin because of their self-gravity, with a full width of 30–40 pc (compared to radii of 300–400 pc) for a vertical velocity dispersion of 90 km s-1. The mean volume density of molecular hydrogen in such disks must be over 104 cm-3. The trend of increasing LFIR/LCO with increasing CO surface brightness is confirmed. The high concentrations of molecular gas thus appear intimately related to the high luminosities of these systems and probably serve as the fuel.
On robust H∞ filtering of uncertain Markovian jump time‐delay systems

This paper is concerned with the problems of stability analysis, H∞ performance analysis, and robust H∞ filter design for uncertain Markovian jump linear systems with time‐varying delays. The purpose is to improve the existing results on these problems. Firstly, a new delay‐dependent stability criterion is obtained on the basis of a novel mode‐dependent Lyapunov functional. Secondly, a new delay‐dependent bounded real lemma (BRL) is derived. It is shown that the presented stability criterion and the BRL are less conservative than the existing ones in the literature. Thirdly, with the new BRL, delay‐dependent conditions for the solvability of the addressed H∞ filtering problem are given. All the results obtained in this paper are expressed by means of strict linear matrix inequalities. Three numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the utility of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the multiannual, high-resolution modelling of biogeochemical cycles in the Baltic Sea by using data assimilation

The impact of assimilating temperature, salinity, oxygen, phosphate and nitrate observations on marine ecosystem modelling is assessed. For this purpose, two 10-yr (1970–1979) reanalyses of the Baltic Sea are carried out using the ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI) method and a coupled physical-biogeochemical model of the Baltic Sea. To evaluate the reanalyses, climatological data and available biogeochemical and physical in situ observations at monitoring stations are compared with results from simulations with and without data assimilation. In the first reanalysis, only observed temperature and salinity profiles are assimilated, whereas biogeochemical observations are unused. Although simulated temperature and salinity improve considerably as expected, the quality of simulated biogeochemical variables does not improve and deep water nitrate concentrations even worsen. This unexpected behaviour is explained by a lowering of the halocline in the Baltic proper due to the assimilation causing increased oxygen concentrations in the deep water and consequently altered nutrient fluxes. In the second reanalysis, both physical and biogeochemical observations are assimilated and good quality in all variables is found. Hence, we conclude that if a data assimilation method like the EnOI is applied, all available observations should be used to perform reanalyses of high quality for the Baltic Sea biogeochemical state estimates.
Two Cases of Rare Intratumoral Hemorrhage Following COVID-19 Vaccination

The increase in the rate of mRNA vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide has been accompanied by reports of an increase in the side effects of the vaccine. In the field of neurosurgery, several cases of venous thrombosis have been reported as possible complications after COVID-19 vaccination. However, no such side effects have been reported in patients with brain tumors, and COVID-19 vaccination is considered safe for this patient population. In this report, we present the cases of two patients with brain tumors who experienced intratumoral hemorrhage as a possible side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine. In the first case, a 54-year-old man who had received CyberKnife treatment for a vestibular schwannoma eight years prior presented with tongue discomfort, right-side facial numbness, and dizziness since the day after his COVID-19 vaccination. MRI revealed intratumoral hemorrhage of the vestibular schwannoma. The second patient was a 60-year-old woman who presented with a sudden-onset headache and vomiting that had started three days after her COVID-19 vaccination. CT revealed a meningioma with intratumoral hemorrhage. Both patients had undergone surgery prior to this presentation, and their symptoms had improved. They had no risk factors for intratumoral hemorrhage, suggesting that it may be a side effect of the mRNA vaccine against COVID-19. Although the causal relationship is unclear, acute inflammation with predominantly lymphocytic infiltration and thrombogenicity after COVID-19 vaccination may damage the fragile microcirculation of the tumor.
Introducing more choices (flexibility) in the upgrading of water distribution networks: the New York city tunnel network example

The New York city tunnel network problem is a classical case study for water distribution network rehabilitation or upgrading. However, standard problem formulations only offer single solutions based on fixed pressure head and demand requirements. This problem is re-examined through the use of multiple criteria optimization and a framework for interpreting these results is proposed. Results from previous studies were closely examined to highlight areas that can be improved. A 6-objective optimization problem was then formulated and results were compared with optimization using a single-objective genetic algorithm (GA) and 2-objectives optimization using a non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-II. Although the initial runtime for the 6-objective optimization was long compared with single-objective GA, it provided solutions which span the whole spectrum of possibilities (in terms of pressure head requirements and cost). It is concluded that the proposed 6-objectives formulation can indeed offer more design choices, hence flexibility, for designers and decision makers.
Neural crest cells development and neuroblastoma progression: Role of Wnt signaling

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common heterogeneous extracranial cancers in infancy that arises from neural crest (NC) cells of the sympathetic nervous system. The Wnt signaling pathway, both canonical and noncanonical pathway, is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the development and differentiation of the NC cells during embryogenesis. Reports suggest that aberrant activation of Wnt ligands/receptors in Wnt signaling pathways promote progression and relapse of NB. Wnt signaling pathways regulate NC induction and migration in a similar manner; it regulates proliferation and metastasis of NB. Inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway or its ligands/receptors induces apoptosis and abrogates proliferation and tumorigenicity in all major types of NB cells. Here, we comprehensively discuss the Wnt signaling pathway and its mechanisms in regulating the development of NC and NB pathogenesis. This review highlights the implications of aberrant Wnt signaling in the context of etiology, progression, and relapse of NB. We have also described emerging strategies for Wnt‐based therapies against the progression of NB that will provide new insights into the development of Wnt‐based therapeutic strategies for NB.
Far-ultraviolet observations of the supernova remnant N49 using the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope

The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope has been used to obtain the first sub-Lyman-alpha spectrum of an extragalactic SNR, N49, in the LMC. Emission from O VI 1032, 1038 has been detected in this spectral region. The measured fluxes of C IV, semiforbidden O IV, and O VI and the upper limit on N V provide stringent limits on the shocks responsible for the bulk of the O VI production. O VI cannot originate in the shocks with velocities of 140 km/s or less because the postshock temperature is not high enough. The nonradiative main blast wave cannot account for the brightness of the observed O VI emission. The majority of the O VI must originate in an optically faint system of shocks with velocities of 190-270 km/s and preshock densities of 20-40 cu cm. The emission from such high-velocity shocks is dominated by O VI.
Reflection of homogeneous elastic waves from free surface of nematic elastomer half-space

An application of the linear viscoelastic theory of nematic elastomers in the low-frequency (hydrodynamic) limit is considered. The boundary conditions at a free surface of a nematic elastomer half-space are satisfied to obtain the reflection of acoustic waves (qP or qSV). The expressions for reflection coefficients are obtained for each incident wave. The reflection coefficients are found to depend on various elastic constants, angle of incidence, frequency of incident wave, relaxation times and angle α between a wavevector and a nematic director. The reflection coefficients are plotted against the angle of incidence for suitable values of angle α, frequency and relaxation times. These coefficients are also plotted against non-dimensional frequency.
Hypertension Risk Factors in Batu Ampar Public Health Center West Borneo

Many people do not know that they have been diagnosed with hypertension until complications arise. Hypertension is a non-communicable disease caused by many factors. The risk factors that influence the incidence of hypertension are divided into two: modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Thus far, there is no data on risk factors for hypertension in the Batu Ampar Public Health Center work area. The objective of research is knowing the risk factors for hypertension in the working area of Batu Ampar Public Health Center. An observational study with a cross sectional design conducted at the Batu Ampar Public Health Center from April to June 2022. The variable data collected were age, gender, education level, occupation, obesity, smoking habits, exercise habits, alcohol consumption, salt consumption and fruit consumption. and vegetables. Of the 150 respondents (75 with hypertension and 75 without hypertension) it was found that age, occupation, alcohol consumption and salt consumption were risk factors. The probability of hypertension having these four risk factors is 97%. Risk factors for hypertension in the working area of Batu Ampar Public Health Center are age, occupation, alcohol consumption and salt consumption.
Nonlinear evolution of surface gravity waves over an uneven bottom

A unified theory is developed which describes nonlinear evolution of surface gravity waves propagating over an uneven bottom in the case of two-dimensional incompressible and inviscid fluid of arbitrary depth. Under the assumptions that the bottom of the fluid has a slowly varying profile and the wave steepness is small, a system of approximate nonlinear evolution equations (NEEs) for the surface elevation and the horizontal component of surface velocity is derived on the basis of a systematic perturbation method with respect to the steepness parameter. A single NEE for the surface elevation is also presented. These equations are expressed in terms of original coordinate variables and therefore they have a direct relevance to physical systems. Since the formalism does not rely on the often used assumptions of shallow water and long waves, the NEEs obtained are uniformly valid from shallow water to deep water and have wide applications in various wave phenomena of physical and engineering importance. The shallow- and deep-water limits of the equations are discussed and the results are compared with existing theories. It is found that our theory includes as specific cases almost all approximate theories known at present.
Entrepreneurs in China’s ‘Silicon Valley’: state-led financialization and mass entrepreneurship/innovation

ABSTRACT This study problematizes the paradox of coexisting market dynamisms and the strong state in China’s ICT industry through an empirical inquiry into the history and practices of ICT entrepreneurship in Beijing’s Zhongguancun (ZGC), an alternative geo-imaginary to that of Silicon Valley. Drawing on archival research as well as interviews and participant observations between 2015 and 2020, we situate the post-2008 rise of ICT entrepreneurship in ZGC in the history of its decades-long transformation. We highlight two new ways in which the state has become intertwined with the market in the ICT sector. First, state agents at various levels have transformed themselves into ‘market agencies,’ acting through the market instead of governing it at a distance. Second, the state has increasingly taken a financialized approach to ICT governance, assuming the role of a capital investor to guide and facilitate rather than directly managing a market-driven entrepreneurial economy. We show how these macro political economic shifts have shaped mezzo level institutional changes and the micro, lived experiences of entrepreneurs variously situated along the elite-grassroots spectrum in ZGC, who rode waves of ‘mass entrepreneurship and innovation’ under the current Xi-Li administration.
Hydrogen induced silicon surface layer cleavage

Physical mechanisms of hydrogen induced silicon surface layer cleavage were investigated using a combination of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. The evolution of the silicon cleavage phenomenon is recorded by a series of microscopic images. The underlying hydrogen profiles under (between 250 and 500 °C) annealing are characterized by secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy and hydrogen forward scattering experiments. An idea gas law model calculation suggests that internal pressure of molecular hydrogen filled microcavities is in the range of Giga-Pascal, high enough to break silicon crystal bond. A dose threshold, which prevents cleavage, is observed at 1.6×1017 cm−2 for 40 kV hydrogen implantation.
Comparing machine learning and deep learning classifiers for enhancing agricultural productivity: case study in Larache Province, Northern Morocco

The agriculture sector in the Tangier-Tetouan-Al-Hoceima-Region (Northern Morocco) contributes a significant percentage to the national revenue. The Larache Province is at the regional forefront in agriculture terms due to its large irrigated areas. Golden-Gogi is a biological farm located in the Larache Province, and its objective is to produce organic crops. Besides climate change, this farm suffers from biotic factors such as snails and insects. These problems cause diseases in plants, resulting in massive crop production losses. Early detection of disease and biotic factors in plants is a difficult task for farmers, but it is now possible thanks to artificial intelligence. For that reason, we aim to contribute to this Province by comparing the well-known models in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) used in early plant disease detection to specify the best-classifier in terms of detecting mint plant diseases. Mint plant is a major crop on the Golden-Gogi farm, and its dataset was collected from there. As per findings, DL classifiers outperform ML classifiers in disease detection. The best-classifier is DenseNet201, with high accuracy of 94.12%. Hence, the system using DenseNet201 offers a solution for farmers of this Province in making urgent decisions to avoid mint yield losses.
Paramagnetic anisotropy of Co-doped ZnO single crystal

Zn0.95Co0. 05O single crystal was obtained through hydrothermal crystal growth method. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra as well as UV absorption measurements reveal that Co2+ ions have substituted Zn2+ ions and incorporated into ZnO lattice. The single crystal shows typical paramagnetic property from 2to300K. A paramagnetic anisotropy property in the crystal is found. The single ion anisotropy origin from tetrahedral coordination Co in the ZnO lattice was introduced to explain the phenomena. This work verified the paramagnetic anisotropy phenomena in ZnO–Co.
Utility of Covariate-Adjusted Response-Adaptive Randomization in Survival Trials

Covariate-adjusted response-adaptive (CARA) randomization is used in clinical trials to balance the competing goals of assigning a greater number of study subjects to the better treatment and achieving high statistical efficiency in estimating treatment effects in the presence of covariates, while maintaining randomness in treatment assignments. In this article, we propose CARA randomization procedures for survival intervention trials with two treatment arms when the primary outcomes follow an exponential regression model. We demonstrate, through extensive simulation, that our CARA procedures can achieve some reduction in the number of events in the study without compromising power and Type I error, compared with balanced randomization designs, including in situations when the exponential model is misspecified. We conclude that the proposed CARA procedures can be suitable alternatives to the traditional balanced randomization designs in survival trials, provided response data are available during the recruitment phase to enable adaptations in the design. We illustrate the proposed methodology by redesigning two survival trials from the literature.
Directing the transportation of a water droplet on a patterned superhydrophobic surface

Directional transportation of a ball-like water droplet on a superhydrophobic (SH) surface has been experimentally demonstrated. A SH surface with a water contact angle of as high as 160° and a sliding angle close to 0° is prepared by a sol-gel method based on removable polymeric nanospheres. A designed path line is then created on the prepared SH surface. The contact angle possesses anisotropy on the patterned SH surface. When the tilted angle of the patterned SH surface and the volume of the water droplet are proper, the sliding of a ball-like water droplet follows the designed line precisely.
Helium ion acceleration and heating by Alfvén/cyclotron fluctuations in the solar wind

The interaction between alpha particles and a given magnetic power spectrum of Alfven/cyclotron fluctuations at propagation parallel to the background magnetic field B 0 is examined in a model of a homogeneous, collisionless, magnetized plasma. Exact solutions of the linear Vlasov dispersion equation and second-order theory are used to calculate the wave-particle scattering rates for alpha/proton momentum exchange as well as for proton and alpha heating and anisotropy change. It is well established that alpha velocities are not observed to oscillate when the alpha/proton relative flow speed parallel to B 0 matches the phase speed of long-wavelength Alfven waves, the surfing speed. Second-order theory predicts that wave-particle scattering is dominated by the relatively short wavelength, relatively low phase speed Alfven/cyclotron fluctuations which have a strong cyclotron resonance with the alphas. Thus the theory predicts that at sufficiently high proton β the average alpha/proton speed should be observed to be substantially smaller than the surfing speed associated with long-wavelength fluctuations.
The DB gap and pulsations of white dwarfs

The ratio of DA to DB white dwarfs is temperature sensitive. No DBs are found between 45 000 K and 30 000 K, and this exclusion zone is known as the “DB gap”. A working hypothesis to explain the DB gap is proposed. Since the temperatures of the upper and the lower bounds of the DB gap coincide with the effective temperatures where the He II/III and He I/II convection zones show up respectively, convective mixing is suspected to be the cause of the appearance of DBs outside the DB gap. Inversely, chemical separation due to gravitational settling in the convectively stable atmosphere is suspected to be the cause of the presence of the DB gap. According to this scenario, the white dwarfs which will turn back to DBs after the DB gap phase are expected to have a superadiabatic layer which is nonetheless convectively stable due to chemical separation, when they are located near the lower bound of the DB gap. Such white dwarfs are expected to be pulsationally unstable.
Optical-Absorption Edge and Raman Scattering in Ge x Se 1 − x Glasses

Optical-absorption-edge measurements and Raman scattering experiments on ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ glasses are reported for the range $0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.4$. The change in the magnitude of the main peaks of Raman spectra (localized about 195, 215, and 250 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) and the variation of the optical-absorption edge as a function of $x$ lead to a model of local structure for $x\ensuremath{\le}\frac{1}{3}$. In this range of concentrations, germanium atoms are coordinated with four selenium atoms. There is no Ge-Ge bond, and furthermore, Ge-Se-Ge sequences remain scarce as long as the germanium concentration of the mixture makes it possible.
Incidence structures and ternary algebras

CONTENTSIntroduction Chapter I. Projective and affine planes § 1. On the concept of a projective and an affine plane § 2. Ternary algebra § 3. The relations between ternars of isomorphic projective planes § 4. The order of a projective plane § 5. The characteristic of a plane § 6. Finite cyclic planes and difference sets § 7. Configuration properties of projective planes § 8. Morphisms of projective planes § 9. On the classification of projective planes Chapter II. Generalizations of projective and affine planes § 1. Affine and projective Hjelmslev planes § 2. Affine and projective pseudoplanes § 3. Affine Hjelmslev pseudoplanes References
Nondispersive vanishing and blow up at infinity for the energy critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation in ℝ

The following energy critical focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation in R3 is considered: iψt = −Δψ − |ψ|4ψ; it is proved that, for any ν and α0 sufficiently small, there exist radial finite energy solutions of the form ψ(x, t) = eiα(t)λ1/2(t)W (λ(t)x)+eζ+oḢ1 (1) as t → +∞, where α(t) = α0 ln t, λ(t) = tν , W (x) = (1 + 1 3 |x|2)−1/2 is the ground state, and ζ∗ is arbitrary small in Ḣ1. §