Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel LBP-Based Algorithm for Automatic Diagnosis of Epileptic Seizures

Epilepsy is a condition of brain dysfunction which affects about 1% of the population across the globe. Diagnosing seizures is an unavoidable component in its treatment and control. Epilepsy detection is commonly done using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. A new EEG based methodology for automatic diagnosis of epileptic seizure has been proposed in the present work. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) values were computed on the preprocessed EEG signal and the morphological significance of LBP values were analyzed, from which eight significant LBP values were selected, whose histogram per each epoch was considered as features. This algorithm was tested for its performance on CHB-MIT EEG database for three different classifiers, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Among the three classifiers, K-NN shows better performance with 100% Sensitivity and 0.52/h false detection rate (FDR). These values point to the superiority of the present approach over the existing approaches for automatic diagnosis of epilepsy. Keywords—Electroencephalogram, Local Binary Pattern, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, Linear Discriminant Analysis.
Forecasting of the Nigeria Stock Returns Volatility Using GARCH Models with Structural Breaks

This study examines the stock returns series using Symmetric and Asymmetric GARCH models with structural breaks in the presence of some varying distribution assumptions. Volatility models of Symmetric GARCH (1,1), Asymmetric Power GARCH (1,1) and GJR-GARCH(1,1) models were considered in estimating and measuring shock persistence, leverage effects and mean reversion rate with structural breaks considering dummy variable for these structural changes and varying distributions . The skewed student-t distribution is considered best distribution for the models; moreover findings showed the high persistence of shock in returns series for the estimated models. However, when structural breaks were incorporated in the estimated models by including dummy variable in the conditional variance equations of all the models, there was significant reduction of shock persistence parameter and mean reversion rate. The study found the GJR-GARCH (1,1) with skewed student-t distribution best fit the series. The volatility was forecasted for 12 months period using GJR-GARCH (1,1) model and the values are compared with the actual values and the results indicates a continuous increase in unconditional variance.
Incentivizing Demand for Supply-Constrained Care: Institutional Birth in India

Abstract If overcrowding harms health care quality, the impacts of encouraging more people to use services are not obvious. Impacts will depend on whether marginal entrants benefit and whether they benefit enough to offset the congestion externalities imposed on inframarginal users. We develop a general-equilibrium model that formalizes these ideas. We examine them empirically by studying JSY, a program in India that paid women to give birth in medical facilities. We find evidence that JSY increased perinatal mortality in areas with low health-system capacity, was particularly harmful in more-complex births, reduced the quality of facilities' postnatal care, and generated harmful spillovers onto other services.
Effect of Thawing Methods and Storage Time on Physicochemical Characteristic and Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Content of Frozen Duck Meat

This study investigated the effects of thawing methods and storage time on the quality of frozen duck meat. Meat was obtained from eight-week-old Korean native ducks (average weight=2.8 kg). Seventy-two samples were divided into eight treatments (three replicates/treatment, three samples/replicate) with 2 × 4 factorial arrangement based on two thawing methods (under running water at 12°C for 3 h and in a refrigerator at 5°C for 24 h) and four storage times (1, 3, 6, and 12 months). CIE b* was significantly different among different storage time treatments, reaching its lowest after 6 months (P<0.05). Cooking loss did not differ between storage times; however, it was significantly lower following application of the fast thawing treatment (P<0.05). Water-holding capacity of meat stored for one month was highest compared to that of meat stored for a longer period (P<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences based on storage time in γ-linoleic acid (C18:3n6) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) contents (P<0.01), as well as in protein contents (P<0.05). Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7) typically decreased after three months of storage; however, this decline was not significant compared to other storage times. Essential amino acids contents, except methionine, were significantly difference at six and 12 months of storage (P<0.05). Similarly, non-essential amino acid contents, except tyrosine, were significantly different among storage periods (P<0.05, P<0.01). Alternatively, there were no significant differences in the chemical composition, fatty acid content, or amino acid content based on the thawing method. (
In vitro studies of Imazethapyr and GR24 on early developmental stages of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth

Striga hermonthica is a parasitic weed that causes severe yield losses in important cereals, family Poaceae (syn. Gramineae) crops such as sorghum, millet, maize and sugar-cane. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Imazethapyr on Striga germination and haustorium initiation in response to different chemical stimulants. In all experiments, treatments were arranged in factorial experiment with randomized complete design with 5 replicates. Seeds conditioned in Imazethapyr at 10-80 μM displayed inconsistent germination in response to GR24 and the germination was poorly correlated with herbicide concentration (r= -0.2). Seeds conditioned in imazethapyr at 60-80 μM for 10 or 15 days prior to treatment with the stimulant at 0.01ppm reduced Striga hermonthica comparable to the respective control. Striga germilings from seeds conditioned in imazethapyr solutions exhibited comparable radicle length to the aqueous control. Radical length and imazethapyr concentrations were poorly and negatively correlated (r= -0.3). Germlings resulting from seeds previously conditioned in imazethapyr at 10 and 40 μM and similarly treated with GR24 and DMBQ reduced haustoria significantly by 5-34% as compared to the corresponding control.
Bullying/Cyberbullying en quinto y sexto curso de primaria: diferencias entre centros públicos y privados

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivos estudiar la prevalencia de bullying/cyberbullying y explorar la cantidad de conducta sufrida, realizada y observada de bullying/cyberbullying en centros públicos y privados. Con un diseño descriptivo de corte transversal, se administró el test “Cyberbullying: Screening de acoso entre iguales” a 1993 participantes del País Vasco de 5o y 6o curso, 49% en centros públicos y 51% en privados. Los resultados pusieron de relieve que: (1) No hubo diferencias entre centros públicos y privados en el porcentaje de víctimas-puras, agresores-puros, víctimas-agresivas y observadores ni en bullying ni cyberbullying; (2) Aunque, al analizar todas las víctimas o agresores (no solo los puros), el porcentaje de estudiantes que sufrió agresiones físicas, verbales, sociales y psicológicas, que agredió física y verbalmente, y que observó agresiones físicas, verbales y psicológicas fue significativamente mayor en los centros públicos; (3) En los centros públicos las cibervíctimas sufrieron significativamente más cuatro conductas de cyberbullying, y los ciberobservadores observaron significativamente más una de las 15 conductas de cyberbullying; y (4) La cantidad de conducta sufrida de bullying/cyberbullying y la cantidad de conducta observada cara-a-cara fue mayor en centros públicos. Estos resultados revelan que el tipo de centro puede ser un factor relevante. Palabras clave: bullying; cyberbullying; público-privado; nivel socioeconómico. Title: Bullying/Cyberbullying in 5th and 6th grade: differences between public and private schools. Abstract: The study aimed to analyse the prevalence of bullying/cyberbullying and to study the level of bullying/cyberbullying suffered, perpetrated and observed in public and private schools. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, the test "Cyberbullying: Screening of peer harassment” was administered to a sample of 1,993 pupils from the Basque Country attending 5th and 6th grade of elementary school, 49% in public and 51% in private schools. The results revealed that: (1) There were no statistical differences between public or private schools in the percentage of pure-victims, pure-aggressors, bully-victims and observers either in bullying or in cyberbullying; (2) Nevertheless, when analyzing victims or perpetrators in general (not just pure-victims/pure-aggressors), the percentage of students who had suffered physical, verbal, social and psychological abuse; who had physically and verbally assaulted others; and who had observed physical, verbal and psychological aggression was significantly higher in public schools; (3) In public schools, cybervictims suffered significantly more of four out of fifteen cyberbullying behaviours, and cyberobservers also witnessed one behaviour significantly more; (4) The level of abuse suffered in bullying/cyberbullying was significantly higher in public schools, as well as the level of aggressive behaviours observed in face-to-face aggressions. These results reveal that the type of school can be a relevant factor.
The structural validity of the innovative work behaviour questionnaire: Comparing competing factorial models

Background: Innovation is about central organisational sustainability and is fundamentally centred in individuals. Objectives: Understanding and building theory on innovative work behaviour (IWB), as well as the parallel measurement thereof, is a prerequisite to the development of models for enhancing IWB. Most theorists propose IWB as a sequential process involving steps such as exploration, generativity, investigation, championing and application. These steps are also reflected in the design of IWB measurements. In this study, the theorised step-structure of IWB, as proposed by Kleysen and Street in 2001, is tested – relying on general descriptive statistics and applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, with five different factorial structures tested. Methods: Complete records for more than 3000 respondents on the IWB measure were available. The results revealed that exploration and generativity occur more often than investigation, championing and application, alerting theorists to the dwindling effect of creative ideas and also to the hierarchical nature of the steps embedded in IWB. With regard to structure, the results revealed that the IWB steps were correlated, not orthogonal, and unlikely to be sequential as theorised. The initial steps of IWB (exploration and generativity) are therefore linked to the latter steps (investigation, championing and application), implying that employees are cognisant of the latter steps when engaging in the former. Results: The results of this study suggest reconsidering the segmented stepwise thinking regarding IWB. It also has important practical implications for stimulating IWB: Enabling individuals to manage the latter ‘steps’ of the IWB may well encourage the creativity and curiosity associated with the former ‘steps’. Conclusion: The research provides important insights into the nature of IWB, informing theoretical models using data-driven information.
The Essentiality of the Vinyl Proton in Anticonvulsant Enaminones

Enaminones are chemical compounds consisting of an amino group linked through a C=C bond to a keto group with a vinyl proton. Enaminones analogs have been extensively studied in anticonvulsant therapy. They appear to act through two mechanisms, (a) inhibition of the sodium channel or (b) via a γaminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) pathway. A small library of 2,5-dimethyl enaminone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in a series of acute preclinical seizure models to answer several questions: 1) is the vinyl proton essential for anticonvulsant activity, 2) is the vinyl proton required for activity, and 3) can we substitute with a methyl group? Most of the methyl-substituted enaminones showed protection against maximal electroshock seizure (MES), the pentylenetetrazol seizure (scPTZ), 6 Hz psychomotor seizure, and neurotoxicity (Tox). Three compounds (5i, 5l, 5p as listed in Table 1) emerged with activity at 100 and 300mg/kg and no toxicity in MES studies.
Mortality Prediction of Microalbuminuria in Septic Patients

BACKGROUND: Huge number of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers is produced during the process of sepsis. Its mortality prediction value needs to be determined. AIM: To assess the prognostic value of Albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) in septic patients and its ability to predict mortality in comparison with Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score (APACHE II). METHODS: Seventy-five Septic patients were included within 24 hours of sepsis diagnosis and were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). ACR values were obtained within 6 hours of ICU admission for all patients. Prognostic scoring systems [APACHE II and Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores] were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty percent of enrolled patients died within 28 days of hospital admission. ACR was significantly higher in non-survivor in comparison to survivors (55.1 ± 20.5 versus 30.2 ± 35.7, p = 0.006). ACR ≥ 40 (mg/gm creatinine) was the cut-off point for predicting mortality with a sensitivity of 90.7% and specificity of 71.8% with total accuracy of 66% and AUC 0.75 (CI 0.62-0.88). Mean APACHE II score was significantly higher in non-survivors than survivor groups (21.4 versus 10.8, p < 0.001). ACR was positively correlated with highest SOFA score (r = 0.3, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ACR is a simple prognostic marker in septic patient and could be used as a mortality predictor, particularly in early (within 6 hours) septic patients.
Fostering Sustainability through Ecosystems for Renewable Energy in India

Background: This paper focuses on promoting the sustainability of renewable energy ecosystems to ensure socio-economic development. This is critical for emerging economies where rising demand for energy is likely to deplete resources rapidly. It views industrial ecosystems organized around product/material supply chains or in defined geographies as analogous to natural ecosystems. It focuses on renewable energy for rural populations—a special case of industrial ecosystems—in developing countries such as India. Studying this sector is important because: (1) access to energy is a major problem for bottom of the pyramid populations; and, (2) shifting to renewable energy can improve sustainability and inclusive growth. Methods: Case study methods are used to study the renewable energy sector in India. A conceptual framework drawing on various literatures streams (ecological and industrial ecosystems, inclusive growth, entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship, and renewable energy) is presented to provide insights on how rural renewable energy ecosystems can promote inclusive growth together with environmental and socio-economic sustainability. Data are drawn from cases on renewable energy in India. Results: Case data support the framework. Findings indicate that ensuring sustainability requires designing the ecosystem for resilience by facilitating collaboration across diverse types of players. Additionally, stimulating innovation and generating livelihoods by nurturing entrepreneurship are critical for achieving environmental and socio-economic sustainability. Conclusions: This paper extends research on industrial ecosystems and sustainability. It provides insights on how renewable energy ecosystems can promote sustainable socio-economic development for the bottom of the pyramid, an under-researched area. Limited data could be overcome through future large sample studies. Results from these cases can provide insights for government policy makers and businesses on how to establish new sustainable ecosystems for sunrise industries in developing and industrialized countries.
Plasmodium falciparum hepatitis during malaria epidemic.

: Thirty-two patients with a smear positive for Plasmodium falciparum and with jaundice were studied prospectively. Most of the cases were in the age group of 15-44 years. Serum bilirubin (conjugated) levels ranged from 2-25 mg%. Australia antigen was negative in all. Mortality was 12.4%, due to cerebral malaria.
A Literature Review: Women's Equality in the E-Commerce Information Technology Industry in the Digital Age in Developing Countries

This paper is a literature review of Women Equality in Information Technology Insdustry E-Commerce on A Developing Country. The purpose of this literature review gets the visualitation of Indonesia’s e-commerce situation, how far the level women equality in it and equality factors. Articles and journal were collected by using a scholar search engine national and international. Other data like statitic, rank were collected by using meta-search engine, national government’s website, international forum, and private sector website. The resulst shows that Indonesia’s women equality in e-commerce industry still in the medium to low level. There are three issues, psychic, gender discrimination and work-life balance. Then, there are two perspectives of women in e-commerce, seller and buyer, both of them are powerful
MILÁČEK-VITOVEC STAINING METHOD VERSUS CONVENTIONAL AND MOLECULAR ONES FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS INFECTION

Stool samples from 150 immunocompromised patients (including 120 Gastrointestinal [GI] symptomatic and 30 GI asymptomatic) suspected to have Cyclospora cayetanensis infection were examined to evaluate the validity of Milacek-Vitovec staining method in comparison with kinyoun stain for the diagnosis of cyclosporiasis. All results were confirmed with nested PCR as a gold standard. Validation parameters included sensitivity, specificity, accuracy index, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. In addition, infection intensity was compared among all positive samples. DNAs of Cyclospora oocysts were detected among 30/120 (25%) of GI symptomatic patients versus 1.7 % of GI asymptomatic (5/30). Milacek-Vitovec stain showed more validity than kinyoun with a sensitivity reached 80% versus 73.4% (28 versus 25 from 35 cases) while the specificities of showed 90.4% (104/115) versus 81.7% (94/115), respectively. Mild infection intensity was detected among 10 patients only three of them (30%) were detected by Milacek-Vitovec stain while only one (10%) was detected by Kinyoun, Moderate infection were identified among 10 patients all of them were diagnosed by Milacek-Vitovec stain and 9 (90%) was detected by Kinyoun stain. Heavy infection was detected among 15 patients all diagnosed with Milacek-Vitovec stain while 14 were detected with kinyoun.
Effects of Early Feed Restriction and Dietary Inclusion of Some Spices on Performance of Broiler Chickens

A 3×4 factorial experiment was conducted with three early feed restriction regimens (F0 without feed restriction, F1 feed restriction for 12 hr and F2 feed restriction for 24 hr) and four dietary inclusion of spices [G0 without inclusion of spices, G1 garlic (Allium sativum L.), G2 red hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and G3 Moleita baladi (Sonchus oleraceus)] to study the effect of early feed restriction and dietary incorporation of some spices on broiler performance. A total of 12 treatments were employed and each treatment was replicated three times with 10 chicks each (Ross 308). Feed consumption (FC), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. Carcass weight, weights of some internal organs and cuts were measured. Some blood constituents were determined. The results showed that FC, WG and FCR were affected by experimental treatments (p ≤0.01). The greatest FC was reported with birds exposed to F0 regimen. The birds fed on diets containing hot pepper had the greatest value of feed consumption, while the birds fed on diets without spices had the lowest value. The same pattern of results was observed with WG. Birds exposed to early feed restriction for 24 hr (F2) had the heaviest WG. Feed conversion ratio was improved when birds exposed to early feed restriction. The best FCR was reported with birds fed on diets without spices. Carcass weights were influenced by early feed restriction (p ≤0.05). Internal organs weights (liver, spleen, pancreas and gizzard) were not affected by experimental treatments. There was no significant effect (p ≥0.05) of feed restriction on blood protein. However, the dietary spices affected the blood protein. Blood triglyceride was influenced only by spices. These results indicate that dietary inclusion of hot red pepper and adoption of F2 regimen for broiler chicks improved the weight gain and FCR, while F1 had the best carcass relative weight when compared with their counterparts of treatments.
Maternal and fetal outcomes following delivery in a tertiary hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa

Background. Caesarean section (CS) rates are rising worldwide. There is growing concern regarding the possible negative impacts on maternal and fetal health. Objective. To assess birth outcomes of CS v. normal vaginal deliveries (NVD) using the Robson 10-group classification system at a tertiary hospital in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), neonatal Apgar scores, neonatal intensive care unit admissions and perinatal deaths were recorded. Methods. A retrospective review of all deliveries for neonates ≥500 g during September and October 2016 was undertaken. A total of 1 443 deliveries were assessed. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Results. There were 730 (50.6%) CSs and 713 (49.4%) NVDs. The greatest contributor to the CS rate was group 5 (15.8%). PPH occurred in 8.3% of women delivered by CS, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.194 2.900). Additionally, three hysterectomies were performed in the CS group. A significant difference in Apgar scores was found only at 1 minute, with higher scores in the NVD group (CS mean (standard deviation) 7.74 (2.25), and NVD 8.10 (2.11); p=0.002). Eighty-nine (11.6%) neonates delivered by CS required high care admission, with an OR 1.865 (95% CI 1.292 2.692) for neonates delivered by CS. Conclusion. The CS rate was 50.6%. Performing a CS should be weighed against the risks of the procedure. Although an understanding of some influences on the rate can be obtained, further research into indications, and protocol generation to optimise this rate, are needed to limit maternal and neonatal birth complications.