Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BUFFALO CALVES FED DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MILK REPLACER

he objective of the present study was to evaluate the productive performance and economic efficiency for preand post-weaning buffalo calves fed milk replacer (MR) at levels of 9, 10 and 11% of their body weight in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively. Fifteen buffalo calves of average live body weight (LBW) 38.59±1.55 kg were chosen and separated from their dams within 2 h of birth. Calves were fed twice daily at the rate of 10% of their LBW on dam colostrum for the first three days and then the whole buffalo milk for seven days. Consecutively, calves were divided depending on their body weight into three groups with average body weight of 41.89±1.46 kg at the beginning of the experimental period (10 day initial age). The obtained results showed that increasing the level of milk replacer in the daily meal of suckling calves from 9% up to 11% of their body weight led to in parallel way to significant (P<0.05) decrease in solid feeds of starter, berseem hay (BH) and rice straw (RS). Calves in all experimental groups reached LBW over a range (87.35-94.56 kg) at weaning age (15 wk), being the heaviest was occurred with G3, while calves in G1 showed the lightest ones, being significant differences among dietary treatments. Total and daily gain from initial-18 wk were significant higher (P<0.05) in G2 than those of G1, but being similar with those found with G3. The digestibility of all nutrients as well as the feeding values (TDN and DCP) did not significantly different among the dietary treatments (different levels of MR). On the other hand, Values of PCV, Hb and RBCs were the highest (P<0.05), while WBCs was the lowest (P<0.05) in G2. Concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA in blood serum were significant higher (P<0.05) with G2 than those of the other dietary treatments. Likewise, most blood metabolites were also markedly higher with G2 than those of G1 and G3 which have the low or high level of MR, respectively. Comparatively the values of liver enzymes and the concentration of thyroid hormones (T4) for low level-MR (G1) were mostly significant (P<0.001) higher than those of mid MR level (G2) and insignificant higher than those of the high MR level (G3). It could be concluded that, using milk replacer at 10% of their live body weight had the improved growth performances of suckling buffalo calves as well as recognized highest economic feed efficiency as compared to those reared on the same milk replacer at levels of 9 or 11%. This may help farmers to keep up and care of suckling buffalo calves and not sell it, and such regime could help to alleviate the problem of milk and beef shortage in Egypt.
Building Resilient Health Systems: Experimental Evidence from Sierra Leone and the 2014 Ebola Outbreak

Skepticism about the quality of health systems and their consequent underuse are thought to contribute to high rates of mortality in the developing world. The perceived quality of health services may be especially critical during epidemics, when people choose whether to cooperate with response efforts and frontline health workers. Can improving the perceived quality of health care promote community health and ultimately help to contain epidemics? We leverage a field experiment in Sierra Leone to answer this question in the context of the 2014 West African Ebola crisis. Two years before the outbreak, we randomly assigned two interventions to government-run health clinics—one focused on community monitoring, and the other conferred nonfinancial awards to clinic staff. Prior to the Ebola crisis, both interventions increased clinic utilization and patient satisfaction. Community monitoring additionally improved child health, leading to 38% fewer deaths of children under age five. Later, during the crisis, the interventions also increased reporting of Ebola cases by 62%, and community monitoring significantly reduced Ebola-related deaths. Evidence on mechanisms suggests that both interventions improved the perceived quality of health care, encouraging patients to report Ebola symptoms and receive medical care. Improvements in health outcomes under community monitoring suggest that these changes partly reflect a rise in the underlying quality of administered care. Overall, our results indicate that promoting accountability not only has the power to improve health systems during normal times, but can also make them more resilient to emergent crises.
Prevalence and severity of Temporomandibular disorders signs and symptoms Among Students of The Ahram Canadian University (ACU)

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) among students of (Ahram Canadian University). Methods: Information about the symptoms of TMD and the possible risk factors were collected using specifically designed questionnaires and the collected data sets were treated statistically using the SPSS and chi-square test. Results: The most reported TMD symptom in this study was masticatory muscles tension, followed by clicking while the least common one was TMJ locking. Nearly two-third of the students (58.9%) had no symptoms of TMD and (41.4%) of the students had TMD symptoms, among them 43.4% had only one symptom and 56.6% had multiple TMD symptoms.Conclusions: TMD is of a high Prevalence among students of the Ahram Canadian University especially medical colleges students due to high studying stresses that play a big role in the development andor progression of TMD.
51474 OHE case study brief

Knowing the net value that companies, or whole sectors of the economy, bring is clearly important when considering economic and industrial policy. In this paper we estimate the economic contribution to the UK made by two British based, research intensive, pharmaceutical companies: AstraZeneca (AZ) and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). These companies are the two members of the British Pharma Group – BPG. The paper demonstrates the practical application of an economic methodology based on estimating the ‘economic rent’ that the companies earn for the UK. Specifically we estimate the net additional income and wealth brought to the UK by these companies’ activities in excess of the income they would be expected to generate in the next best alternative use(s) to which the labour and capital would be diverted if, hypothetically, AZ or GSK ceased to operate in the UK.
THE ROLE OF DOWN-REGULATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES ACCUMULATION IN PLAYING AN ESSENTIAL ACT IN SOYBEAN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO Fusarium virguliforme INFECTION

Biochemical and histochemical analysis of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] cv. Giza 111 plants naturally infected with Fusarium virguliforme were studied to clarify the susceptibility mechanisms under open field conditions during 2015 growing season. Levels of superoxide (O2 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which are the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) forms were significantly increased and accumulated after 3 and 5 days from symptom appearance in infected soybean plants. Also, electrolyte leakage (EL) values which indicate to the membrane permeability were increased after 3 days from symptom appearance, while the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes were decreased. In addition, concentrations of chlorophyll A and B were significantly decreased in infected soybean plants in comparison with the uninfected one. Down-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities might be the key role of soybean susceptibility to sudden death syndrome (SDS) infection which caused by soil-borne pathogen F. virguliforme. Antioxidant enzyme activities in infected plants were not enough for ROS-scavenging and initiated the programmed cell death and led for sudden wilt of susceptible plants. Plants showed wide range of defense responses in reaction to initiated invasion by the pathogen, including the production and accumulation of ROS by the process called "oxidative burst" which is the rapid and earliest step to produce large amounts of ROS and use them as weapons in a defense response system. Reactive oxygen species work also as signals which are able to stimulate other plant defense mechanisms. Steps of reactive oxygen species production and scavenging are highly dynamic and consists of a complex signaling network. Giving more attention to antioxidant enzyme activities and reactive oxygen species levels is needed for plant breeders in order to create a resistant soybean cultivars and might be useful for discovering a new alternative disease control strategies in which safety and decrease the environmental pollutions.
Vineyard management system affects soil microbiological properties

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of integrated (INT), organic (ORG) and biodynamic (BD) management systems with similar C- and N-inputs on soil microbiology in a viticultural long-term field trial.Methods and results: Within the systems comparison, soil samples were taken 10 years after conversion, throughout the growing season. To gather information about microbial community structure, the activity of five soil enzymes was measured, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and neutral lipids fatty acids (NLFA) profiles were analysed accompanied by comprehensive soil analysis. pH associated with BD was significantly higher compared to INT soil. Copper and N-min values in INT were significantly lower compared to the organic systems. BD and ORG were characterised by a higher b-D-glucosidase and urease activity and a higher abundance of fungi and bacteria. INT had larger quantities of mycorrhizae indicator NLFAs.Significance and impact: Results from this study contribute to a better understanding of the microbial community structure and nutrient cycling under organic and biodynamic viticulture.
A Comparative Study Between Single Medial Canthus Injection Using 13 x 0.45 mm Needle and Posterior Sub-Tenon Injection as Local Anesthesia Techniques for Strabismus Surgery in Adults

RESEARCH ARTICLE A Comparative Study Between Single Medial Canthus Injection Using 13 x 0.45 mm Needle and Posterior Sub-Tenon Injection as Local Anesthesia Techniques for Strabismus Surgery in Adults Norhan A. Sherif, Mayada K. Mohamad, Ahmed A. Hannon and Noha A. Osama 1 Department of Anesthesia, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Cairo, Egypt 2 Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Cairo, Egypt
Ọsẹ Dúdú: Exploring the Benefits of Yoruba Indigenous Black Soap in Southwest, Nigeria

This study explored the benefits of the production, sale, and consumption of Indigenous black soap (ọsẹ dúdú) in southwest Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 71 participants from Oyo, Ogun, and Lagos states. Participants were extensively interviewed, and their responses were analyzed and placed into themes. The study found certain economic- and health-related benefits attached to the production, sale, and consumption of black soap. These benefits could help drive sustainable development in Indigenous communities in Nigeria and the model could be used in Indigenous communities in other countries. Ọsẹ dúdú was also a major ingredient, in conjunction with other herbs, in medicines that were perceived to have important health benefits. Policy recommendations are suggested.
Diagnosis and Risk Factors of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Healthcare Workers Using Whole Blood Human Interferon-gamma Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Testing

This study established the diagnosis and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among health-care workers in an endemic population using Tuberculin skin test (TST) and Quantiferon TBgold. A total of 609 Healthcare workers from tuberculosis treatment facilities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were studied. The Interferon-gamma release assay was performed using 3ml of whole blood by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s instruction (Cellestis Ltd., Carnegie, Australia) after which 0.1 ml of 5 tuberculin units of Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) was administered intraOriginal Research Article Umo et al.; AJRID, 3(3): 15-21, 2020; Article no.AJRID. 54935 16 dermally to each subject. TST results were read after 72 hours by measuring the size of indurations in millimetres. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). At the threshold of 10 mm, the prevalence of LTBI by TST was 45.8% and 24.8% at the IGRA diagnostic value of ≥ 0.351 IU. Laboratory staff and ward orderlies as well as being in service for >10 years, were more significantly associated with LTBI. A moderate agreement of 76.7%, k = 0.51 was obtained between TST at 10 mm, and QFT. Neither previous exposure to TST nor BCG vaccination affected the prevalence of LTBI in the study population. The difference of 54% prevalence of LTBI between TST and QFT may be due to non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) since TST is nonspecific. This may have grave implications of drug toxicity and development of resistance to anti-TB drug among individuals harbouring NTM, but receiving anti-TB medication. The 76.7% agreement between the two tests is an indication that the 10 mm cut-off induration for TST is still relevant in the diagnosis of LTBI.
Dividend Payout Model on SOE (Go Public) in Indonesia

Indonesia's GDP growth from 2008 to 2009 was 4.7%, from 2009 to 2010 it was 6.4% and from 2015 to 2016 it was 5.03%. This shows that the global financial crisis in the late 2000s that occurred had a relatively small impact on the Indonesian economy compared to the impact experienced by other countries. Volatility of the size of the SOE dividend was certainly not good and researchers felt the need to research a good dividend distribution model by a state-owned enterprise. In the end, this research led to the discovery of a comprehensive and accurate dividend payment model by SOEs. This study using 12 SOE companies with a period of time from 2008 to 2017. The analytical tool used is panel data with the Random Effect Model analysis model and solved through computer statistics, namely Eviews 9.0. The results of this study indicate if the first model namely EPS and Capex variables have an influence on dividend payout model while the OPEX variable has no effect on dividend payout model at SOEs.
COMPARISON OF IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF MULLIGAN BENT LEG RAISE TECHNIQUE VS. PASSIVE STRETCHING ON HAMSTRING TIGHTNESS IN HEALTHY FEMALE VOLUNTEERS

Background & Objective: Maintenance of flexibility is an essential component of any conditioning program in developing joint mobility, improving athletic performance and preventing injuries. Good flexibility also provides relaxation, ease muscle pain, helping quick recovery, reducing stress, keeping the body feeling loose and agile. When soft tissue adaptively shortness overtimes muscle strength can also be altered and length tension relationship of the muscle also altered. As the muscle shorter it no longer is capable of introducing peak tension and develops tight weakness. Flexibility in hamstring muscle group is necessary for the knee extension as well as many functional activities and in prevention of injury in which the muscle group is elongated over hip and knee simultaneously. The study is aimed to compare the effectiveness of Mulligan Bent Leg Raise technique and passive stretching on hamstring tightness. Materials and Method: An experimental study was done to compare the Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (MBLR) technique and passive stretching on hamstring muscle tightness. The study was conducted in a physiotherapy college in Vadodara, India and ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Board. Sixty healthy female volunteers after signing informed consent form within the age of 20 30 years with tight hamstring muscles were randomly assigned into two groups. Group-1, Receiving Mulligan Bent Leg Raise technique and Group-2, receiving passive stretching with knee extension. Straight Leg Raise was measured with measure tape in centimeters from tip of the heel perpendicular to the plinth before and immediately after intervention. Paired and independent t-test was used to analyze data for significant improvement and homogeneity between groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is significant improvement in Straight Leg Raise in both the techniques but Mulligan Bent Leg Raise Technique is significantly more effective than passive stretching in healthy females with Hamstring muscles tightness or limited Straight Leg Raise. ______________________________________________________________________________ BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Maintenance of flexibility is an essential component of any conditioning program in developing joint mobility, improving athletic performance and preventing injuries. Good flexibility also provides relaxation, ease muscle pain, helping quick recovery, reducing stress, keeping the body feeling loose and agile. When soft tissue adaptively shortness overtimes muscle strength can also be altered and length tension relationship of the muscle also altered. As the muscle COMPARISON OF IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF MULLIGAN BENT LEG RAISE TECHNIQUE VS. PASSIVE STRETCHING ON HAMSTRING TIGHTNESS IN HEALTHY FEMALE VOLUNTEERS Cheraladhan E. Sambandam 1 , Sejal N. Sailor 2 , Tiruttani Ramesh 3 1 Kashiba Jayashanker Pandya College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara 2 Sri Swaminarayan Physiotherapy College, Surat E-mail of corresponding author: cheranmpt81@gmail.com
Change-point detection in CO2 emission-energy consumption nexus using a recursive Bayesian estimation approach

Abstract This article focuses on the synthesis of conditional dependence structure of recursive Bayesian estimation of dynamic state space models with time-varying parameters using a newly modified recursive Bayesian algorithm. The results of empirical applications to climate data from Nigeria reveals that the relationship between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in Nigeria reached the lowest peak in the late 1980s and the highest peak in early 2000. For South Africa, the slope trajectory of the model descended to the lowest in the mid-1990s and attained the highest peak in early 2000. These change-points can be attributed to the economic growth, regime changes, anthropogenic activities, vehicular emissions, population growth and industrial revolution in these countries. These results have implications on climate change prediction and global warming in both countries, and also shows that recursive Bayesian dynamic model with time-varying parameters is suitable for statistical inference in climate change and policy analysis.
Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Alfalfa Productivity and Quality under Saline Calcareous Soil Conditions

A field experiment was conducted at Nubaria Agricultural Research Station during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to study the effect of irrigation regimes under saline calcareous soil on fresh and dry yields, quality, water requirements and productivity. Four irrigation regimes with amount of water equals potential evapotranspiration were used as irrigation with amount of water equal potential evapotranspiration (ETp) plus 10%, 20%, 30% and/or 40% as leaching requirements (LR). Average of calcareous soil salinity treatments were S1 equal 2 dSm-1, S2 equal 6 dSm-1 and S3 equal 10 dSm-1. Results indicated that there were significant effects among irrigation and soil salinity treatments on fresh and dry alfalfa yields through the combination of two years. The highest values of fresh and dry yields were 217.736 and 49.861 ton/ha, respectively that was obtained by I1S1 interaction, while the lowest values were 140.0 and 35.91 ton/ha was obtained by I4S2 interaction. Fresh and dry yields were decreased by 28.4 and 18.13% at I1S2 and by 14.6 and 13.19% at I1S3, respectively compared with that obtained by I1S1. Results of I3S3 and I4S3 were given the highest values of N and CP percentages. The water requirements values for alfalfa were 126.0, 135.2, 144.3 and 153.9 cm in the first year, while in the second year they were 128.8, 140.2, 152.0 and 163.8 cm for irrigation treatments, respectively. Also, the highest values of the productivity of irrigation water (PIW) were 8.93 and 8.17 kg/m3 water in 1st and 2nd years, which was I1S1.
Virulent MRSA strains containing the Panton Valentine Leukocidin gene in the Netherlands

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains possessing the Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) gene have been detected in the Netherlands recently. The PVL gene encodes a highly potent toxin, which is involved in severe skin infections and necrotising pneumonia. PVL positive MRSA strains have also been noted in France (in healthy individuals; mean age 14 years), in the United States (for example, in the Los Angeles gay community, and in a large prison), and in Scotland (small outbreaks of skin abscesses in healthcare staff. The Scottish MRSA reference laboratory is now routinely screening both methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA for the PVL gene). It has been suggested that the PVL MRSA is acquired in the community (1-3).
ASSESSMENT OF PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY NGOs AND THEIR IMPACT TOWARDS POVERTY REDUCTION IN KASIPUL CONSTITUENCY, HOMABAY COUNTY, KENYA

Ending poverty in all its forms everywhere is the first of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by which United Nations member countries including Kenya committed themselves to eradicate poverty by the year 2030. In this paper focus has been placed on the programme activities of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and their impact in reducing poverty in the area. The paper is a part of a study that was conducted in Kasipul Constituency in which the author sought to establish the role played by NGOs towards reduction of poverty. The aim of this paper is therefore to identify NGOs working in Rachuonyo South and analyse the programme activities through which they engage to reduce poverty in the region and the impact of such activities. The study engaged eleven NGO representatives in a survey that used questionnaire to collect data from the NGO’s perspective. This was followed by key informant interviews targeting community leaders and finally six focus group discussions were held with community members in selected locations within the constituency. The results of the study show that out of the 11 NGOs working in the area, improving agricultural productivity and HIV/Aids management and control were the leading poverty reduction programmes being undertaken. Nonetheless, water and sanitation were found to have contributed most to poverty reduction outcomes. The study recommends that there is need for NGOs to invest more in establishing programmes that improve the economic conditions of the people by increasing the people’s household incomes. Article visualizations:
Analysis of Market Ratio Toward Stock Return in Retail Companies on 2015–2016

The capital market is one of the beneficial means for investors to get stock returns. Stock returns can be analysed by using financial ratios, such as market ratio. This study aims to determine whether market ratios affect stock returns in retail companies in 2015-2016. The research method is quantitative and to determine the effect of market ratios on stock returns is by linear regression analysis. The result shows that market ratios do not affect stock returns. In other words, investors might override market ratios in determining stock returns. Future studies can examine other market ratio such as Price Sales Ratio (PSR).