Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHILD MARRIAGE: A MAJOR RISKY BEHAVIOR IN DEVELOPING EGYPTIAN GOVERNORATES

Background: Marriage timing is one of the important determinants of birth rates and health profile of both the mothers and infants. Child marriage is recognized as a major development issue that affects girls in many developing countries. The practice has been linked to a number of health risks, higher fertility, and lower education attainment. Objective: To estimate the rate of child marriage in some underdeveloped Egyptian governorates and identify its correlates. Subjects and Methods: The study was part of a large survey, which was conducted in six purposefully selected Egyptian governorates and defined as developing; three from upper Egypt (Sohag, Assuit and Menia) and three from lower Egypt (Sharkia, Behira and Ismalia) aiming to measure the prevalence of child marriage and assess the impact of the different social and economic factors that affect the occurrence of the phenomena. Data were collected from 15279 females using an interview questionnaire targeting households’ members (sampling unit) in the selected governorates. Results: Prevalence of early age of marriage was significantly high among governorates of upper Egypt than in lower Egypt (reaching 39.75 in rural areas in El Menia) especially in rural residency. Lower educational level (less than secondary School) and consanguinity were found to have significant association with early age of marriage. Results revealed that early age of marriage has its effect on birth rate with mean number of children of 3.59 per women who married at age less than 18 years. Conclusion: Early age of marriage is an important public health challenge. Hence, a national multi-sectorial approach must be targeted to reduce this phenomenon.
Recurrence score and quantitative ER expression to predict in late distant recurrence risk in ER+ BC after 5 years of tamoxifen.

11024 Background: Identification of molecular determinants predicting late recurrence (>5 yrs) in stage I and II breast cancer has become clinically important in light of data demonstrating a benefit for ten yrs of tamoxifen administration. Since the 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) is commonly utilized in early stage BC, we wished to determine its utility in predicting distant recurrences beyond five yrs as a function of quantitative ER expression. Methods: The 21-gene RS was assessed in 1,065 chemo and tam-treated, ER+, node-positive pts from NSABP B-28 and 668 tam-treated, ER+, node-negative pts from NSABP B-14. Cox PH models, KM estimates and log rank statistics were used to assess the association of the RS with risk of DR by quantitative ER expression, using the 21-gene assay, in pts event-free after 5 yrs. We established an ER cut-point (high vs low) in B-28, and tested the cut-point in B-14, formally evaluating the interaction of RS and ER. Results: Median follow-up was 11.2 yrs (B-28) and 14.5 yrs (B.
Does longitudinal change in adolescent educational expectations for university study vary by ethnic group?

Previous UK research suggests that adolescent expectations for university study are likely to be moderated by ethnicity. However, this conclusion needs to be qualified. We still need to assess the extent prior expectations affect later ones; whether they do so directly or indirectly; or whether differences in these effects across ethnic groups are statistically significant. To answer these questions, we need to explicitly address the measurement assumptions that past research has largely taken for granted. This quantitative study explores change in pupils’ expectations between ages 14-16 systematically across white, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Black Caribbean adolescents under a psychometric framework using cohort panel data from waves 1-3 of the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE). An autoregressive longitudinal latent variable structural equation mediation model enables estimation of direct and indirect effects and explicit tests of the assumptions of invariance, stationarity and equilibrium and measurement of group differences in longitudinal change in latent means and intercepts. Results show that pupils’ educational expectations change dramatically differently across ages 14-16 in the five ethnic groups. Expectations at age 16 are affected directly and indirectly by prior expectations but ethnic groups differ systematically in these effects. Cross-group differences in latent means and intercepts suggest that in contrast to their white peers who exhibit greater stability in relatively lower expectations, minority pupils exhibit much higher expectations that are less stable because they increase over time. There is a general fall in expectations at age 15 but contrary to their white peers, all minority pupils recover at age 16.
First report of Rhizobium pusense within Voandzou (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) rhizosphere in Côte d’Ivoire

There is currently no information on the diversity of indigenous rhizobial populations associated with bambara groundnuts (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) in Côte d’Ivoire soils. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of microsymbionts nodulating a Bambara groundnut landrace in north of Cote d'Ivoire. For this purpose, a local bambara groundnut accession was used to trap root nodules bacteria from three soils obtained from farmers’ fields in North Côte d'Ivoire. It was shown that all the isolates had very fast growth rates on YEMA and not absorbing Congo red. All isolates were gram negative rods and able to grow in a TY medium at pH ranging from 5.8 to 8.8 and at temperatures up to 45°C. The 16S RNA gene phylogeny showed three main clades including Rhizobium sp. , an unclassified species and R. pusense. 16S RNA gene identification of the strain K39 as R. pusense was congruently confirmed by atpD gene phylogeny. Strain K39 did not nodulate bambara groundnut plants. This is the first report of the presence of R. pusense in Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. ) rhizosphere in Côte d’Ivoire.
Insights from Replication

Despite the large amount of research that has taken place with mobile devices for language learning over the years, there are still limited conclusions that can be reached as to what contributes to sustained task engagement. A common problem that has long been seen in the CALL literature is that many tasks and activities that are reported are small scale studies taking place in a single environment with a limited number of subjects, often as a result of teachers investigating the outcomes of their own teaching (see Warschauer, 1997; Hubbard, 2005). Given the nature of the environments in which many teachers find themselves, it is in some way inevitable that studies tend to be of a smaller scale and often undertaken within a single class. It is possible to gain deeper insights into the tasks used through replication studies (Porte, 2012). This paper discusses the potential insights gained from replicating approximately the same basic language learning tasks in varied contexts. Research on vocabulary and listening tasks was carried out in Japan over an 8-year period from 2010 through 2017 for Japanese learners of English. In addition, the same tasks were adapted for Australian learners of Japanese in 2012 and Taiwanese learners of English in 2013, with a total of 420 participants. Data were collected through post-treatment surveys, semi-structured interviews and server logs recording the times spent on the tasks, the scores achieved, and the devices used to engage in the tasks. The same methods of data collection were used in each of the studies, using primarily the same tasks apart from adaptations made for developments in technology and for the different language learning contexts. Carrying out the same tasks in subsequent years with increasingly newer technologies and with teachers and learners from different cultural backgrounds provided insights into the effect of the context, the technology, and role of both teachers and learners in successfully implementing the tasks.
Enamel Defects and Caries in Preterm Children Aged 5-10 Years in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

i DEDICATION. iii DECLARATION. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x List of ABBREVIATIONS . xi
The effects of diet on levels of physical activity during winter in forensic inpatients – A randomized controlled trial

Background Fish consumption has been shown to have beneficial effects on biological and subjective measures of health and well-being. However, little is known about the effects of fish consumption at the behavioral level. Objective The primary aim of this study was to investigate the influence of diet on behavior such as physical activity during winter in forensic inpatients. The secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and physical activity. Design Eighty-one male forensic inpatients participated in this study. Participants were randomized into two different diet groups: a Fish group receiving fatty fish three times per week and a Control group receiving an alternative meal (e.g. chicken, pork, and beef); while the Fish group received their fish, the Control group received an alternate meal, but with the same nutritional value as their habitual diet. The duration of the food intervention was 6 months. Results The results revealed that the Fish group had a regular pattern of physical activity throughout the intervention period. The participants in the Control group showed a more irregular pattern of physical activity in addition to a significant reduction in physical activity over time. Conclusion Behavior such as physical activity during winter seemed to be influenced by the diet.
Effect of Tax and Debt Financed Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Kenya

This study aims at analyzing the effect of tax and debt-financed government expenditure on economic growth in Kenya using time series data from 1980-2014. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used to analyze the data. The empirical findings showed that public investment expenditure financed by issuing debt has positive effect on economic growth. The results also indicated that financing government consumption expenditure using debt has negative effect on economic growth. With regards to tax revenue, the results indicated that tax financed public consumption spending affects economic growth negatively. Moreover, the results showed financing government investment expenditure using tax revenue promotes economic growth. Based on the findings, this study therefore recommends fiscal authorities in to use borrowing to finance investment expenditure as opposed financing consumption spending. Additionally, given the adverse effects of debt-accumulation on growth performance, policy makers should focus more on domestic revenue mobilization to finance government expenditures.
Incidental capture and mortality of sea turtles in the industrial double‐rig‐bottom trawl fishery in south‐eastern Brazil

Incidental capture by fisheries is one of the principal threats to sea turtles. This study analysed spatial and temporal patterns of sea turtle bycatch, and estimated the direct initial mortality rate of these animals, in the industrial double‐rig‐bottom trawl fishery in south‐eastern Brazil. This is also the first attempt to relate bycatch/at‐sea mortality in bottom trawling to stranded turtles found along the adjacent coast. The fishery was monitored from October 2015 to April 2018 through data collected voluntarily by the captains of eight industrial double‐rig trawlers. Two hundred and one sea turtles were captured during 9362 tows (43,657.52 trawling hours), resulting in a catch per unit effort (CPUE) of 0.0025 ± 0.0032 turtles h⁻¹ with a standard net of 30.5 m headrope, with no significant difference between the estimated CPUEs for licensed shrimp and demersal fish trawlers. Caretta caretta (52.24%) and Lepidochelys olivacea (38.81%) were the most frequently captured species. According to Generalized Linear Models, C. caretta bycatch was significantly higher during winter, at lower latitudes (−24° to −23°) and higher longitudes (−42° to −40°), while the L. olivacea bycatch was significantly higher at higher latitudes (−23° to −21°). The direct initial mortality rate of sea turtles in the shrimp trawlers was 7.65 ± 3.85%. However, none of the dead individuals subsequently released with plastic tags (n = 10) were found stranded on the coast. Mortality was not significantly related to the depth or duration of the trawling. The results of this study suggest the need for improvements to the current management of the bottom trawl fishery in Brazil, moving from a species‐based to a spatial and seasonal‐based approach. There is also a need to develop turtle excluder devices adapted to local fishing conditions.
The Effect of Double-Loop Problem-Solving Models on Students' Critical Thinking Ability

This study aims to determine the effect of double loop problem-solving models on students' critical thinking ability. The quasi-experiment with untreated control-group design with the pretest-posttest design is used. The population includes all off students in class X MIA SMAN 2 Aikmel as many as 123 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, and as samples are 31 students in class X MIA 2 (experimental group) and 28 students in X MIA 3 (control group). The experimental group was treated with a double loop problem-solving model while the control loop with direct instruction learning. The instrument used was a critical thinking ability test of 10 items in which two items measured each indicator. Indicators measured, namely interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, and explanation. The instrument test results showed that the ten items were valid and reliable so that they could be used in research. Research hypotheses were tested using pooled variance t-test. The results of the data analysis show that t count > t table which means that H 0 is rejected and H a is accepted, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of double loop problem-solving models on students' critical thinking ability .
The employment paradox to improve women’s empowerment in Pakistan

Abstract Gender differences have been widely observed among developing countries whenever it comes to investigate the position of women on research grounds. Therefore, in current research, the relationship between employment and empowerment is being focused generally and particular attention is paid to the individual’s ability to approach job opportunities and working environment at the communal level. Moreover, women’s access toward resources and contribution level to the accumulated family earnings within the family units is also observed. The study used primary source of data of 500 households which was collected from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan through a multistage random sampling technique. In this study, four indicators have been chosen in order to measure women empowerment and hierarchical multiple regression was applied to have a look at multiple professions and groupings of empowerment. The findings indicated that women in particularly few professions hold the higher chance of getting empowered, in addition, those particular professional attributes seem interconnected by some of the empowerment indicators. Moreover, the study is meant to foster the debate to improve women empowerment through establishing new job market which provides more opportunities to women especially in the rural areas, which is the most neglected part in developing countries.
Effect of thermo-mechanical cycling on the shear bond strength of porcelain to milled and cast cobalt-chromium alloys

Statement of problem: Most of the failures in metal-ceramic restorations occurs at the interface between the two materials. For long term clinical performance, these restorations should have adequate bond strength between metal and ceramic. Few data is available in regards to the metal-ceramic bond strength of Cobalt Chromium (Co-Cr) alloys fabricated by computer aided designing design/computer aided manufacturing CAD/CAM technology.Purpose of the study: The purpose of this in vitro study was to explore the influence of Co-Cr fabrication techniques on shear bond strength of porcelain to milled and cast Co-Cr alloys and to evaluate failure mode with & without thermo-mechanical cycling.Materials & Methods: A total of 20 disc samples (10 mm diameter x 4 mm thickness) were fabricated of Co-Cr alloy and divided into two groups (10 discs each) according to their fabrication technique: Group I: fabricated by CAD/CAM milling and Group II: fabricated by conventional casting. Then porcelain build up for all discs (10 mm diameter x 2mm thickness) was done using feldspathic porcelain. Each group was subdivided according to discs’ exposure to thermo-mechanical cycling into two sub-groups (5 discs each). Sub-group A : without thermo-mechanical cycling and Sub-group B: with thermo-mechanical cycling. All the disc samples were subjected to the shear bond strength (SBS) test and the failure mode was investigated under digital microscope at 40 X. Data were statistically analyzed using Independent sample t-test and Two-way ANOVA test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The results showed that the fabrication techniques were statistically insignificantly affecting the SBS of both CAD/CAM milled and conventional casting groups. Regarding the thermo-mechanical cycling, the CAD/CAM milled and conventional casting groups without thermo-mechanical cycling showed a statistically significantly higher SBS than those with thermo-mechanical cycling. Failure mode was mixed type for all disc samples.Conclusions: Fabrication technique of Co-Cr alloy had no significant effect on SBS. Thermo-mechanical cycling of milled and cast Co-Cr samples significantly affecting SBS with the superiority of the non-thermo-mechanical cycled samples. All the tested samples showed SBS values within the clinically acceptable levels. CAD/ CAM fabricated Co -Cr may be considered a promising alternative to conventional cast Co-Cr for metal ceramic prosthesis in terms of SBS.
Analysis of total signal decay and capacity of information data in wireless atmospheric communication links . Part 2

Juwiler I.a, PhD, Senior Lecturer, orcid.org/0000-0002-0669-7828 Bronfman I.a, Assistant, orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-069X Blaunstein N.b, Dr. Sc. , Phys.-Math., Professor, orcid.org/0000-0003-2945-9379, nathan.blaunstein@hotmail.com aElectrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Shamoon College of Engineering, Jabotinsky St., 84, Ashdod, 77245, Israel bBen-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. B. 653, 1, Ben-Gurion St., Beer-Sheva, 74105, Israel
Sleeve and sleeve plus

Obesity is an epidemic issue that will cause type 2 diabetes, cardiometabolic diseases, stroke, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and some kinds of cancer. These diseases may be lethal and usually cause high cost of medical expenditure. Many studies have reported that bariatric surgeries are much superior than intensive medical therapies in reaching therapeutic goal of weight loss and resolution of co-morbidities. The golden standard procedure, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) has most satisfied resolution rates of metabolic diseases especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, needs for long-term supplement of vitamins and higher rates of complications makes bariatric surgeons to invent other modified surgical techniques. Due to short learning curve and satisfied surgical results, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) now is worldwide accepted. However, comparing with LRYGB, LSG could not achieve the same remission rates of obesity-related comorbidities especially T2DM. Therefore, a new surgical procedure: loop duodenojejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (LDJB-SG) has been invented. Today, we review the sleeve gastrectomy and LDJB-SG from basic surgical methods to possible mechanisms: weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms (intestinal inversion and change of gastrointestinal hormones) to discuss the roles of these two surgical procedures in bariatric surgery.
June 2002

The past decade of research within the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Program has greatly increased our understanding of the chemical composition of the troposphere, the fluxes of chemical species into and out of the troposphere, and the processes controlling the transport and transformation of chemical species within the troposphere. IGAC has been particularly successful in several key areas including biosphere-atmosphere trace gas exchange (GEIA, Biomass Burning, TRAGNET), the production and reactively of oxidizing gases (NARE, APARE, EXPRESSO, MILOPEX, BIBLE), and the chemical, physical and radiative properties of aerosols (ACE1, TARFOX, ACE-2, ACE-ASIA) and has recently completed an integration and synthesis of its research activities [Brasseur et al., 2002 in press].
MICRORNAS HAS-MIR-22-3P AND HAS-MIR-125B-5P AS DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS

Schizophrenia diagnosis is currently based on patient's symptoms and signs rather than the patient's pathological and physiological markers. The main focus of contemporary research has become the search for new molecular drug targets. Biomarkers reflect the body's physiological, physical, and neurological status and, thus, have intensive applicability and practical relevance. Forty five blood samples were taken, thirty patients were diagnostic with schizophrenia (15 males and 15 females) aged 25–73 years were enrolled in this study, in addition to patients; the study also included 15 apparently healthy control subjects. Patients were matched for ethnicity (Iraqis), gender, geographic location (urban and rural), age, and type II diabetes prevalence. The realtime PCR technique was used to detect miR-22-3p and miR-125b-5p expression in patients samples. Relative quantification is based mainly on the rates of expression of a target gene versus a reference gene, and such tests are appropriate for studying physiological changes in gene expression concentrations. Patients with schizophrenia showed a statistically significant increase in miR-22-3p (1.09 ± 0.51 in patients and 0.72 ± 0.30 in controls) expression and down regulation of miR-125b-5p (0.44 ± 0.23 and 0.60 ± 0.21) in both males and females compared to control subjects.
Salivary Zinc Level Determination in Pa- tients with Benign Migratory Glossitis

Aims: To determine and compare the salivary zinc level concentration (SZLC) and salivary flow rate (SFR) in patient with benign migratory glossitis (BMG) and in control normal subjects, also to evaluate any relationship among these variables in each group. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 42 individuals who were allocated into two groups: patients group was comprised of 22 patients who did have (BMG) and 20 healthy subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and both SFR and SZLC were determined. Zinc analysis was performed with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The mean SFR in patients and control groups were 0.5459(ml / min) and 0.6840(ml / min) respectively, whereas the mean SZLC for patients was 0.09764(ppm) and 0.13830 (ppm) for control group. SFR was not differ significantly between both groups (p > 0.099), also SZLC was not significantly differ in both groups too (p > 0.169). Conclusions: This clinical study could not establish significant association between BMG and both SZLC and SFR.