Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of state Medicaid expansion on cross‐sector health and social service networks: Evidence from a longitudinal cohort study

Abstract Objective To examine the impact of state Medicaid expansion on the delivery of population health activities in cross‐sector health and social services networks. Community networks are multisector, interorganizational networks that provide services ranging from the direct provision of individual social services to the implementation of population‐level initiatives addressing community outcomes. Data Sources We used data measuring the composition of cross‐sector population health networks 2006–2018 National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems (NALSYS) linked with the Area Health Resource File. Study Design A difference‐in‐differences approach was used to examine the impact of expansion on organization engagement in population health activities and network structure. Data Collection/Extraction Methods Stratified random sampling of local public health jurisdictions in the United States. We restricted our data to jurisdictions serving populations of 100,000 or more and states that had NALSYS observations across all time periods, resulting in a final sample size of 667. Principal Findings Results from our adjusted difference‐in‐differences estimates indicated that Medicaid expansion was associated with a 2.3 percentage point increase in the density of population health networks (p < 0.10). Communities in states that expanded Medicaid experienced significant increases in the participation of local public health, local government, hospital, nonprofit, insurer, and K‐12 schools. Of the organizations with significant increases in expansion communities, nonprofits (7.7 percentage points, p < 0.01), local public health agencies (6.5 percentage points, p < 0.01), hospitals (5.8 percentage points, p < 0.01), and local government agencies (6.0 percentage points, p < 0.05) had the largest gains. Conclusions Our study found increases in cross‐sector participation in population health networks in states that expanded Medicaid compared with nonexpansion states, suggesting that additional coverage gains are associated with positive changes in population health network structure.
Killer to cure: Expression and production costs calculation of tobacco plant‐made cancer‐immune checkpoint inhibitors

Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved huge clinical success. However, many still have limited response rates, and are prohibitively costly. There is a need for effective and affordable ICIs, as well as local manufacturing capacity to improve accessibility, especially to low‐to‐middle income countries (LMICs). Here, we have successfully expressed three key ICIs (anti‐PD‐1 Nivolumab, anti‐NKG2A Monalizumab, and anti‐LAG‐3 Relatimab) transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum plants. The ICIs were expressed with a combination of different Fc regions and glycosylation profiles. They were characterized in terms of protein accumulation levels, target cell binding, binding to human neonatal Fc receptors (hFcRn), human complement component C1q (hC1q) and various Fcγ receptors, as well as protein recovery during purification at 100 mg‐ and kg‐scale. It was found that all ICIs bound to the expected target cells. Furthermore, the recovery during purification, as well as Fcγ receptor binding, can be altered depending on the Fc region used and the glycosylation profiles. This opens the possibility of using these two parameters to fine‐tune the ICIs for desired effector functions. A scenario‐based production cost model was also generated based on two production scenarios in hypothetical high‐ and low‐income countries. We have shown that the product accumulation and recovery of plant production platforms were as competitive as mammalian cell‐based platforms. This highlights the potential of plants to deliver ICIs that are more affordable and accessible to a widespread market, including LMICs.
Intense Terahertz Pulses from Large-Aperture Antenna with Interdigitated Electrodes

We fabricated a large-aperture photoconductive terahertz (THz) emitter array on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. The device was composed of seven 1 cm2 photoconductive antenna units having microstructured interdigitated electrodes with 10 µm lines and spaces. By illuminating it with amplified femtosecond optical pulses, a large THz field comparable to that obtained from conventional large-aperture photoconductive antennas was obtained at a bias voltage as low as 30 V. The coherent superposition of the output of the seven units was observed.
Weighted nonlinear potential theory

The potential theoretic idea of the " thinness of a set at a given point" is extended to the weighted nonlinear potential theoretic setting-the weights representing in general singularities/degeneracies-and conditions on these weights are given that guarantee when two such notions are equivalent at the given point. When applied to questions of boundary regularity for solutions to (degenerate) elliptic second-order partial differential equations in bounded domains, this result relates the boundary Wiener criterion for one operator to that of another, and in the linear case gives conditions for boundary regular points to be the same for various operators. The methods also yield two weight norm inequalities for Riesz potentials ( J )~~llq ( )/p 1 < p < q < oo, which at least in the first-order case (a = 1) have found some use in a number of places in analysis.
Linear stability and nonlinear dynamics of the fishbone mode in spherical tokamaks

Extensive linear and nonlinear simulations have been carried out to investigate the energetic particle-driven fishbone instability in spherical tokamak plasmas with weakly reversed q profile and the qmin slightly above unity. The global kinetic-MHD hybrid code M3D-K is used. Numerical results show that a fishbone instability is excited by energetic beam ions preferentially at higher qmin values, consistent with the observed appearance of the fishbone before the “long-lived mode” in MAST and NSTX experiments. In contrast, at lower qmin values, the fishbone tends to be stable. In this case, the beam ion effects are strongly stabilizing for the non-resonant kink mode. Nonlinear simulations show that the fishbone saturates with strong downward frequency chirping as well as radial flattening of the beam ion distribution. An (m, n) = (2, 1) magnetic island is found to be driven nonlinearly by the fishbone instability, which could provide a trigger for the (2, 1) neoclassical tearing mode sometimes observed afte.
Polygenic risk score for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and brain functional networks segregation in a community‐based sample

Neuroimaging studies suggest that brain development mechanisms might explain at least some behavioural and cognitive attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However, the putative mechanisms by which genetic susceptibility factors influence clinical features via alterations of brain development remain largely unknown. Here, we set out to integrate genomics and connectomics tools by investigating the associations between an ADHD polygenic risk score (ADHD‐PRS) and functional segregation of large‐scale brain networks. With this aim, ADHD symptoms score, genetic and rs‐fMRI (resting‐state functional magnetic resonance image) data obtained in a longitudinal community‐based cohort of 227 children and adolescents were analysed. A follow‐up was conducted approximately 3 years after the baseline, with rs‐fMRI scanning and ADHD likelihood assessment in both stages. We hypothesised a negative correlation between probable ADHD and the segregation of networks involved in executive functions, and a positive correlation with the default‐mode network (DMN). Our findings suggest that ADHD‐PRS is correlated with ADHD at baseline, but not at follow‐up. Despite not surviving for multiple comparison correction, we found significant correlations between ADHD‐PRS and segregation of cingulo‐opercular networks and DMN at baseline. ADHD‐PRS was negatively correlated with the segregation level of cingulo‐opercular networks but positively correlated with the DMN segregation. These directions of associations corroborate the proposed counter‐balanced role of attentional networks and DMN in attentional processes. However, the association between ADHD‐PRS and brain networks functional segregation was not found at follow‐up. Our results provide evidence for specific influences of genetic factors on development of attentional networks and DMN.
Differential Recruitment of Inhibitory Control Processes by Directed Forgetting and Thought Substitution

Humans have the ability to intentionally forget information via different strategies, included suppression of encoding (directed forgetting) and mental replacement of the item to encode (thought substitution). These strategies may rely on different neural mechanisms; namely, encoding suppression may induce prefrontally mediated inhibition, whereas thought substitution is potentially accomplished through modulating contextual representations. Yet, few studies have directly related inhibitory processing to encoding suppression, or tested its involvement in thought substitution. Here, we directly tested whether encoding suppression recruits inhibitory mechanisms with a cross-task design, relating the behavioral and neural data from male and female participants in a Stop Signal task (a task specifically testing inhibitory processing) to a directed forgetting task with both encoding suppression (Forget) and thought substitution (Imagine) cues. Behaviorally, Stop Signal task performance (stop signal reaction times) was related to the magnitude of encoding suppression, but not thought substitution. Two complementary neural analyses corroborated the behavioral result. Namely, brain-behavior analysis demonstrated that the magnitude of right-frontal beta activity following stop signals was related to stop signal reaction times and successful encoding suppression, but not thought substitution; and classifiers trained to discriminate successful and unsuccessful stopping in the Stop Signal task could also classify successful and unsuccessful forgetting following Forget cues, but not Imagine cues. Importantly, inhibitory neural mechanisms were engaged following Forget cues at a later time than motor stopping. These findings not only support an inhibitory account of directed forgetting, and that thought substitution engages separate mechanisms, but also potentially identify a specific time in which inhibition occurs when suppressing encoding. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Forgetting often seems like an unintended experience, but forgetting can be intentional, and can be accomplished with multiple strategies. These strategies, including encoding suppression and thought substitution, may rely on different neural mechanisms. Here, we test the hypothesis that encoding suppression engages domain-general prefrontally driven inhibitory control mechanisms, while thought substitution does not. Using cross-task analyses, we provide evidence that encoding suppression engages the same inhibitory mechanisms used for stopping motor actions, but these mechanisms are not engaged by thought substitution. These findings not only support the notion that mnemonic encoding processes can be directly inhibited, but also have broad relevance, as certain populations with disrupted inhibitory processing may be more successful accomplishing intentional forgetting through thought substitution strategies.
Soyasaponin I alleviates hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system

ABSTRACT Background Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) is a life-threatening disease and lacks effective treatments. Previous studies have confirmed that metabolic profiles altered after ischemic stroke, but how brain metabolism changes after HICH was unclear. This study aimed to explore the metabolic profiles after HICH and the therapeutic effects of soyasaponin I on HICH. Methods HICH model was established first. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to estimate the pathological changes after HICH. Western blot and Evans blue extravasation assay were applied to determine the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Next, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-untargeted metabolomics was utilized to analyze the metabolic profiles of brain tissues after HICH. Finally, soyasaponin I was administered to HICH rats, and the severity of HICH and activation of the RAAS were further assessed. Results We successfully constructed HICH model. HICH significantly impaired BBB integrity and activated RAAS. HICH increased PE(14:0/24:1(15Z)), arachidonoyl serinol, PS(18:0/22:6(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, and 19Z)), PS(20:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, and 17Z)), glucose 1-phosphate, etc., in the brain, whereas decreased creatine, tripamide, D-N-(carboxyacetyl)alanine, N-acetylaspartate, N-acetylaspartylglutamic acid, and so on in the hemorrhagic hemisphere. Cerebral soyasaponin I was found to be downregulated after HICH and supplementation of soyasaponin I inactivated the RAAS and alleviated HICH. Conclusion The metabolic profiles of the brains changed after HICH. Soyasaponin I alleviated HICH via inhibiting the RAAS and may serve as an effective drug for the treatment of HICH in the future.
Contribution of Proteomics in Transplantation: Identification of Injury and Rejection Markers

Solid organ transplantation saves thousands of lives suffering from end-stage diseases. Although early transplants experienced acute organ injury, medical breakthroughs, such as tissue typing, and use of immunosuppressive agents have considerably improved graft survival. However, the overall incidence of allograft injury and chronic rejection remains high. Often the clinical manifestations of organ injury or rejection are nonspecific and late. Current requirement for successful organ transplantation is the identification of reliable, accurate, disease-specific, noninvasive methods for the early diagnosis of graft injury or rejection. Development of noninvasive techniques is important to allow routine follow-ups without the discomfort and risks associated with a graft biopsy. Multiple biofluids have been successfully tested for the presence of potential proteomic biomarkers; these include serum, plasma, urine, and whole blood. Kidney transplant research has provided significant evidence to the potential of proteomics-based biomarkers for acute and chronic kidney rejection, delayed graft function, early detection of declining allograft health. Multiple proteins have been implicated as biomarkers; however, recent observations implicate the use of similar canonical pathways and biofunctions associated with graft injury/rejection with altered proteins as potential biomarkers. Unfortunately, the current biomarker studies lack high sensitivity and specificity, adding to the complexity of their utility in the clinical space. In this review, we first describe the high-throughput proteomics technologies and then discuss the outcomes of proteomics profiling studies in the transplantation of several organs. Existing literature provides hope that novel biomarkers will emerge from ongoing efforts and guide physicians in delivering specific therapies to prolong graft survival.
Rapid introgression of non‐native alleles following hybridization between a native Anolis lizard species and a cryptic invader across an urban landscape

Invasive species can impact native populations through competition, predation, habitat alteration, and disease transmission, but also genetically through hybridization. Potential outcomes of hybridization span the continuum from extinction to hybrid speciation and can be further complicated by anthropogenic habitat disturbance. Hybridization between the native green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis) and a morphologically similar invader (A. porcatus) in south Florida provides an ideal opportunity to study interspecific admixture across a heterogeneous landscape. We used reduced‐representation sequencing to describe introgression in this hybrid system and to test for a relationship between urbanization and non‐native ancestry. Our findings indicate that hybridization between green anole lineages was probably a limited, historic event, producing a hybrid population characterized by a diverse continuum of ancestry proportions. Genomic cline analyses revealed rapid introgression and disproportionate representation of non‐native alleles at many loci and no evidence for reproductive isolation between parental species. Three loci were associated with urban habitat characteristics; urbanization and non‐native ancestry were positively correlated, although this relationship did not remain significant when accounting for spatial nonindependence. Ultimately, our study demonstrates the persistence of non‐native genetic material even in the absence of ongoing immigration, indicating that selection favouring non‐native alleles can override the demographic limitation of low propagule pressure. We also note that not all outcomes of admixture between native and non‐native species should be considered intrinsically negative. Hybridization with ecologically robust invaders can lead to adaptive introgression, which may facilitate the long‐term survival of native populations otherwise unable to adapt to anthropogenically mediated global change.
New insights into student understanding of complete circuits and the conservation of current

The research reported in this paper represents an in-depth examination of the finding from an earlier investigation that university students often do not develop a functional understanding of the concept of a complete circuit. Participants in this study included undergraduates in introductory and upper-division physics courses as well as graduate teaching assistants. Although the concept of a complete circuit is covered in the standard undergraduate curriculum, students in all three groups had difficulty in applying this concept to single-loop, resistive circuits. Students frequently did not apply the conservation of current when analyzing circuits containing more than one battery. Certain basic conceptual difficulties spanned all of the populations and even persisted after instruction in upper-division courses that involved analog electronics.
On the transition between two-phase and single-phase interface dynamics in multicomponent fluids at supercritical pressures

A theory that explains the operating pressures where liquid injection processes transition from exhibiting classical two-phase spray atomization phenomena to single-phase diffusion-dominated mixing is presented. Imaging from a variety of experiments have long shown that under certain conditions, typically when the pressure of the working fluid exceeds the thermodynamic critical pressure of the liquid phase, the presence of discrete two-phase flow processes become diminished. Instead, the classical gas-liquid interface is replaced by diffusion-dominated mixing. When and how this transition occurs, however, is not well understood. Modern theory still lacks a physically based model to quantify this transition and the precise mechanisms that lead to it. In this paper, we derive a new model that explains how the transition occurs in multicomponent fluids and present a detailed analysis to quantify it. The model applies a detailed property evaluation scheme based on a modified 32-term Benedict-Webb-Rubin equati.
Rotor-Stator Interactions in a Four-Stage Low-Speed Axial Compressor—Part I: Unsteady Profile Pressures and the Effect of Clocking

This two-part paper presents detailed experimental investigations of unsteady aerodynamic blade row interactions in the four-stage Low-Speed Research Compressor of Dresden. In part I of the paper the unsteady profile pressure distributions for the nominal setup of the compressor are discussed. Furthermore, the effect of blade row clocking on the unsteady profile pressures is investigated. Part II deals with the unsteady aerodynamic blade forces, which are calculated from the measured profile pressure distributions. The unsteady pressure distributions were analyzed in the first, a middle and the last compressor stage both on the rotor and stator blades. The measurements were carried out on pressure side and suction side at midspan. Several operating points were investigated. A complex behavior of the unsteady profile pressures can be observed, resulting from the superimposed influences of the wakes and the potential effects of several up- and downstream blade rows of the four-stage compressor. The profile pressure changes nearly simultaneously along the blade chord if a disturbance arrives at the leading edge or the trailing edge of the blade. Thus the unsteady profile pressure distribution is nearly independent of the convective wake propagation within the blade passage. A phase shift of the reaction of the blade to the disturbance on the pressure and suction side is observed. In addition, clocking investigations were carried out to distinguish between the different periodic influences from the surrounding blade rows. For this reason the unsteady profile pressure distribution on rotor 3 was measured, while stators 1-4 were separately traversed stepwise in the circumferential direction. Thus the wake and potential effects of the up- and downstream blade rows on the unsteady profile pressure could clearly be distinguished and quantified.
Stator-Rotor Interactions in a Transonic Compressor— Part 1: Effect of Blade-Row Spacing on Performance

Usually less axial spacing between the blade rows of an axial flow compressor is associated with improved efficiency. However, mass flow rate, pressure ratio, and efficiency all decreased as the axial spacing between the stator and rotor was reduced in a transonic compressor rig. Reductions as great as 3.3% in pressure ratio, and 1.3 points of efficiency were observed as axial spacing between the blade rows was decreased from far apart to close together. The number of blades in the stator blade-row also affected stage performance. Higher stator blade-row solidity led to larger changes in pressure ratio efficiency, and mass flow rate with axial spacing variation. Analysis of the experimental data suggests that the drop in performance is a result of increased loss production due to blade-row interactions. Losses in addition to mixing loss are present when the blade-rows are spaced closer together. The extra losses are associated with the upstream stator wakes and are most significant in the midspan region of the flow.
The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma, Pathological Dissociation, and Behavioral Addictions in Young Adults: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Interactions between childhood trauma (CT) and dissociation can contribute to psychiatric disturbances. We explored this phenomenon in relation to behavioral addictions (BAs) in a sample (n = 633) of young adults (age: 18–34 years). Self-report measures investigating CT, dissociation, and symptoms related to gambling disorder, internet gaming disorder, problematic social media use, exercise dependence and compulsive buying were used. Scales related to BAs were summarized into a single measure (“Total Behavioral Addiction Index” – TBAI) for inferential analyses. A model analyzing the direct and indirect effects of CT on TBAI through the mediation of pathological dissociation was performed, controlling for confounding factors. Measures on CT, dissociation, and TBAI were significantly associated with each other (all p < .001). The total effect of CT on TBAI was significant (B = 0.063; CI: 0.045; 0.081); pathological dissociation significantly mediated such association (B = 0.023; CI: 0.013; 0.036). Our findings support the possibility that the interaction between CT and dissociation contributes to increase disturbances related to BAs.