Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeted antiviral treatment using non-ionizing radiation therapy for SARS-CoV-2 and viral pandemics preparedness: Technique, methods and practical notes for clinical application

Objective Pandemic outbreaks necessitate effective responses to rapidly mitigate and control the spread of disease and eliminate the causative organism(s). While conventional chemical and biological solutions to these challenges are characteristically slow to develop and reach public availability; recent advances in device components operating at Super High Frequency (SHF) bands (3–30 GHz) of the electromagnetic spectrum enable novel approaches to such problems. Methods Based on experimentally documented evidence, a clinically relevant in situ radiation procedure to reduce viral loads in patients is devised and presented. Adapted to the currently available medical device technology to cause viral membrane fracture, this procedure selectively inactivates virus particles by forced oscillations arising from Structure Resonant Energy Transfer (SRET) thereby reducing infectivity and disease progression. Results Effective resonant frequencies for pleiomorphic Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is calculated to be in the 10–17 GHz range. Using the relation y = -3.308x + 42.9 with x and y representing log10 number of virus particles and the clinical throat swab Ct value respectively; in situ patient–specific exposure duration of ~15x minutes can be utilized to inactivate up to 100% of virus particles in the throat-lung lining, using an irradiation dose of 14.5 ± 1 W/m2; which is within the 200 W/m2 safety standard stipulated by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Conclusions The treatment is designed to make patients less contagious enhancing faster recoveries and enabling timely control of a spreading pandemic. Advances in knowledge The article provides practically applicable parameters for effective clinical adaptation of this technique to the current pandemic at different levels of healthcare infrastructure and disease prevention besides enabling rapid future viral pandemics response.
Has stocking contributed to an increase in the rod catch of anadromous trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the Shetland Islands, UK?

The stocking of hatchery-origin fish into rivers and lakes has long been used in fisheries management to try to enhance catches, especially for trout and salmon species. Frequently, however, the long-term impacts of stocking programmes have not been evaluated. Here we investigate the contribution of a stocking programme undertaken to support the rod-catch of sea trout in the Shetland Islands, UK. Once a highly productive recreational fishery, Shetland sea trout catches crashed in the mid 1990s. Around the time that stocking began, increases in rod catches were also reported, with advocates of the stocking highlighting the apparent success of the programme. Using a suite of genetic markers (microsatellites), this study explores the contribution of the stocking programme to the Shetland sea trout population. We found that the domesticated broodstock and wild spawned brown trout from seven streams were genetically distinct. Despite extensive stocking, wild spawned brown trout dominated, even in those streams with a long history of supplementation. The majority of sea trout caught and analysed were of wild origin - only a single individual was of pure stocked origin, with a small number of fish being of wild x stocked origins. Our study suggests that stocking with a domesticated strain of brown trout has made only a very limited contribution to the Shetland Islands rod-catch and that the revival of sea trout numbers appears to be driven almost exclusively by recovery of trout spawned in the wild.
Comparing endocervical mucus proteome of humans and rhesus macaques

Endocervical mucus changes play a key role in regulating fertility throughout the menstrual cycle and in response to hormonal contraceptives. Non‐human primates (NHP) provide the most translational animal model for reproductive tract studies, as they have hormonally‐regulated menstrual cycles and mucus changes, similar to women.
Sociodemographic and Health Belief Model Factors Associated with Nonadherence to COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies in the United States

Abstract Background and Purpose Virus mitigation strategies such as adhering to stay-at-home orders, practicing social distancing, and engaging in personal protective behaviors are central to slowing the spread of COVID-19. This population-based cohort study sought to identify sociodemographic characteristics and Health Belief Model factors that are associated with nonadherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies with the goal of informing public health messaging campaigns. Methods An online population-based survey was distributed via social media over an 8-week period from April 13, 2020, to June 8, 2020. Results Data were derived from 2,222 adults (57% female; 40% racial/ethnic minorities). Univariate analyses revealed that men, younger aged (18–30 years) and unmarried adults, and noncollege educated individuals had lower levels of perceived threat, control, and knowledge about COVID-19 (p ≤ .001). Multivariable linear regression models further revealed that male gender was significantly associated with reporting lower levels of adherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies (p < .001), and that higher levels of perceived threat, perceived control, and knowledge about how to keep oneself and others safe from COVID-19 were significantly associated with reporting higher levels of adherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies (p < .01). Conclusions Findings suggest that public health appeals that target men, emphasize individual risk, and provide clear, consistent guidance on what individuals can do to decrease their risk for COVID-19 may be effective in motivating increased mitigation adherence.
Neuromuscular Ultrasound

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Abstract Accurate assessment of neuromuscular disorders is critical to facilitate timely treatment and achieve the best outcomes. Historically, electrodiagnostic studies have filled this role, but recently, neuromuscular ultrasound is being used in the electrodiagnostic laboratory. This review discusses the uses of neuromuscular ultrasound in the electrodiagnostic laboratory that have strong evidence, emphasizing those that could be adopted in a typical electrodiagnostic laboratory with a reasonable level of equipment and training. The evidence currently supports using neuromuscular ultrasound to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar neuropathies at the elbow and as a supplementary test when electrodiagnostic studies are suspected to be falsely negative or in axonal nonlocalizing lesions. Neuromuscular ultrasound can identify the causes of focal mononeuropathies, which can change treatment in specific cases. It is sensitive at identifying fasciculations and providing complementary evidence of autoimmune demyelinating polyneuropathies. It is particularly helpful in assessing nerves after trauma. Neuromuscular ultrasound is likely to prove even more useful in the electrodiagnostic laboratory as the technology continues to advance.
100-My history of bornavirus infections hidden in vertebrate genomes

Significance Many viral diseases have emerged in recent decades, but prehistoric viral infections remain poorly understood. In some cases, nucleotide sequences of ancient viruses, which infected ancestral animals, have been integrated into their genomes during evolution. Such “molecular fossil records” of viruses help researchers trace past viral infections. Here, we reconstructed the infection history of an RNA virus, the bornavirus, for approximately 100 My in vertebrate evolution, using molecular fossils of ancient bornaviruses. Our analyses using ancient bornaviral sequences from over 100 vertebrate species genomes indicated that bornaviruses infected a broader range of host lineages during their long-term evolution than expected from extant bornaviral host ranges. Our findings highlighted the hidden history of this RNA viral infection over geological timescales. Although viruses have threatened our ancestors for millions of years, prehistoric epidemics of viruses are largely unknown. Endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs) are ancient bornavirus sequences derived from the viral messenger RNAs that were reverse transcribed and inserted into animal genomes, most likely by retrotransposons. These elements can be used as molecular fossil records to trace past bornaviral infections. In this study, we systematically identified EBLs in vertebrate genomes and revealed the history of bornavirus infections over nearly 100 My. We confirmed that ancient bornaviral infections have occurred in diverse vertebrate lineages, especially in primate ancestors. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that primate ancestors were infected with various bornaviral lineages during evolution. EBLs in primate genomes formed clades according to their integration ages, suggesting that bornavirus lineages infected with primate ancestors had changed chronologically. However, some bornaviral lineages may have coexisted with primate ancestors and underwent repeated endogenizations for tens of millions of years. Moreover, a bornaviral lineage that coexisted with primate ancestors also endogenized in the genomes of some ancestral bats. The habitats of these bat ancestors have been reported to overlap with the migration route of primate ancestors. These results suggest that long-term virus–host coexistence expanded the geographic distributions of the bornaviral lineage along with primate migration and may have spread their infections to these bat ancestors. Our findings provide insight into the history of bornavirus infections over geological timescales that cannot be deduced from research using extant viruses alone, thus broadening our perspective on virus–host coevolution.
Risk Factors for Refracture following Primary Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.

BACKGROUND In the aging population, osteoporosis and related complications have become a global public health problem. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are among the most common type of osteoporotic fractures and patients are at risk of secondary vertebral compression fracture. OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors for secondary vertebral compression fracture following primary osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Department of Orthopedic, an affiliated hospital of a medical university. METHODS This retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk factors for secondary vertebral compression fracture in 317 consecutive patients with systematic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who received percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty or conservative treatment. Patients were divided into secondary vertebral compression fracture (n = 43) and non- secondary vertebral compression fracture (n = 274) groups. We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics and radiographic parameters, including gender, age, body mass index, number of primary fractures, primary treatment (percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty or conservative treatment), nonspinal fracture history before primary fracture, primary fracture at the thoracolumbar junction, steroid use, bisphosphonate therapy, and Hounsfield units value of L1. RESULTS Comparison between the groups showed significant differences in age (P = 0.001), nonspinal fracture history (P < 0.001), and Hounsfield units value of L1 (P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that the optimal thresholds for age and Hounsfield units value of L1 were 75 (sensitivity: 55.8%; specificity: 67.5%) and 50 (sensitivity: 88.3%; specificity: 67.4%), respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, nonspinal fracture history (OR = 6.639, 95% CI = 1.809 - 24.371, P = 0.004) and Hounsfield units value of L1 < 50 (OR = 15.260, 95% CI = 6.957 - 33.473, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for secondary vertebral compression fracture. LIMITATIONS The main limitation is the retrospective nature of this study. CONCLUSION Patients with low Hounsfield units value of L1 or non-spinal fracture history are an important population to target for secondary fracture prevention.
Artificial intelligence for classifying uncertain images by humans in determining choroidal vascular running pattern and comparisons with automated classification between artificial intelligence

Purpose Abnormalities of the running pattern of choroidal vessel have been reported in eyes with pachychoroid diseases. However, it is difficult for clinicians to judge the running pattern with high reproducibility. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the degree of concordance of the running pattern of the choroidal vessels between that determined by artificial intelligence (AI) to that determined by experienced clinicians. Methods The running pattern of the choroidal vessels in en face images of Haller’s layer of 413 normal and pachychoroid diseased eyes was classified as symmetrical or asymmetrical by human raters and by three supervised machine learning models; the support vector machine (SVM), Xception, and random forest models. The data from the human raters were used as the supervised data. The accuracy rates of the human raters and the certainty of AI’s answers were compared using confidence scores (CSs). Results The choroidal vascular running pattern could be determined by each AI model with an area under the curve better than 0.94. The random forest method was able to discriminate with the highest accuracy among the three AIs. In the CS analyses, the percentage of certainty was highest (66.4%) and that of uncertainty was lowest (6.1%) in the agreement group. On the other hand, the rate of uncertainty was highest (27.3%) in the disagreement group. Conclusion AI algorithm can automatically classify with ambiguous criteria the presence or absence of a symmetrical blood vessel running pattern of the choroid. The classification was as good as that of supervised humans in accuracy and reproducibility.
Locomotor action sequences impact the scale of representation in hippocampus and posterior parietal cortex

The hippocampus and posterior parietal cortex are implicated in both episodic memory and encoding of position in an environment. In the present study, we examine the impact of locomotor behaviors associated with movement in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions on population activity patterns in these two brain structures. We utilized a five‐looped, squared spiral track containing stair segments, ramp segments, and flat segments. In addition to encoding locations along the full route, posterior parietal cortex population activity demonstrates strong pattern recurrence for similar action types at different locations in the environment. Additionally, posterior parietal and hippocampal neurons exhibit parallel modulation in the scale of representation that follows behavioral dynamics required for track traversal. These findings build on prior work examining spatial mapping in the vertical dimension and provide a better understanding of how a series of actions and visited locations can be coordinated in the generation of episodic memory.
Inotuzumab ozogamicin with bosutinib for relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoid blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia

Relapsed/refractory (R/R) Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) and lymphoid blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (LBP‐CML) have poor outcomes. We designed a phase 1/2 study combining inotuzumab ozogamicin with bosutinib for this patient population. Patients with T315I mutation were excluded. Bosutinib was administered daily at three dose levels (300 mg/d, 400 mg/d, 500 mg/d) in a 3 + 3 design. Inotuzumab ozogamicin was dosed weekly during cycle one, and once every 4 weeks subsequently for a total of six cycles. The primary objective was to determine the safety and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of bosutinib in combination with inotuzumab ozogamicin. Eighteen patients were enrolled (Ph‐positive ALL, n = 16; LBP‐CML, n = 2). The median age was 62 years (range, 19–74) and the median number of prior therapies was one (range, 1–5). Dose limiting toxicities included grade 3 skin rash and bosutinib 400 mg daily was determined as the MTD. The most frequent grade 3/4 treatment‐emergent adverse events were thrombocytopenia (60%) and neutropenia (38%). A complete response (CR) / CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) was achieved in 15/18 (83%) patients; 11/18 (61%) patients achieved negative measurable residual disease by flow cytometry. Complete molecular response was noted in 10/18 (56%) patients. The 30‐day mortality was 0%. After a median follow‐up of 44 months, the median duration of response and overall survival were 7.7 months and 13.5 months, respectively. Six patients had a subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplant. No patient developed veno‐occlusive disease. Inotuzumab ozogamicin with bosutinib was well tolerated in R/R Ph‐positive ALL and LBP‐CML.
Trends of community-based systemic antibiotic consumption: Comparative analyses of data from Ethiopia and Norway calls for public health policy actions

Studies on antibiotic utilization trends are invaluable because they offer data for evaluation of impacts of antimicrobial stewardship policies. Such studies help determine correlations between the use of specific antibiotic classes and trends in emergence of resistance (resistance-epidemiology). This study aims to quantify the consumption systemic antibiotics (J01)—in defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID)—in Ethiopia’s public healthcare sector (2016–2020). By so doing, it attempts to capture the extent of population exposure to antibiotics in the country. Data were also compared with those from Norway to establish rough estimate of the country’s status vis-à-vis some globally acknowledged better practices with regard to optimal use of antibiotics. Raw data obtained from registers of Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Agency were converted into DDD, per the standard methodology recommended by WHO. To control for population size, antibiotics consumption data were presented as DID. Since official population census data for Ethiopia were not available for the study period, population projection data from the World Bank were used. Community-based consumption of systemic antibiotics increased from 11.02 DID in 2016 to 12.83 DID in 2020 in Ethiopia—an increase by 16.4%. Moreover, analysis of a log-linear regression model showed that the average growth rate in the community-based systemic antibiotics consumption per year between 2016 and 2020 was about 3.3% (R2 = 0.89). The highest percentage change in community-based systemic antibiotics consumption happened for glycopeptides (J01XA) and the fourth generation cephalosporins (J01DE)—1300% and 600% compared to the baseline year (2016), respectively. At product level, 9 antibiotics constituted the common domain in the list of medication cocktails in the drug utilization 90% (DU90%) for the study period. Community-based consumption of systemic antibiotics for Ethiopia and Norway showed opposite trends, calling for public health policy actions in Ethiopia.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Laundry Detergents with Regard to Time and Temperature in Domestic Washing Machines

Abstract In times of low-temperature washing, laundry hygiene gains importance, as microbial contaminations on textiles can cause infection transmission and malodour formation. This study systematically investigated the antimicrobial effect of laundry detergents (solid and liquid market detergents) with regard to time and temperature in domestic washing machines. To evaluate the microbial reduction, cotton swatches contaminated with Staph. aureus, Ent. hirae, Ps. aeruginosa, C. albicans and T. mentagrophytes were washed at 20 to 60 °C, varying the washing time, with and without detergent. All tested washing factors affected the antimicrobial effect of to a varying extend, depending on the germ. The used solid market detergent containing activated oxygen bleach provided a way to achieve high microbial reductions in low temperature washing.
People With Hematological Malignancies Treated With Bone Marrow Transplantation Have Improved Function, Quality of Life and Fatigue Following Exercise Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE For people with hematological malignancies treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT), this systematic review aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the evidence examining the effect of exercise training on the outcomes of exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and hospital length of stay and to identify any difference in the effect on people treated with allogeneic versus autologous transplantation. METHODS Five electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to December 5, 2020. Prospective studies with a comparator group, with or without randomization, were included if they investigated the effects of an exercise intervention compared with usual care or another intervention in adults who had a hematological malignancy and were undergoing BMT. Primary outcomes of interest were functional exercise capacity and HRQoL; secondary outcomes included strength, fatigue, hospital length of stay, and feasibility. Only randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analyses. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; quality of evidence for meta-analyses was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS Twenty-four randomized controlled trials and 3 prospective nonrandomized experimental trials were included (n = 2432). There was moderate-quality evidence that exercise improves functional exercise capacity (mean difference [MD] = 29 m; 95% CI = 12.59 to 45.4), global HRQoL (MD = 3.38 points; 95% CI = 0.37 to 6.39), and fatigue (MD = 2.52 points; 95% CI = 0.42 to 4.63) and low-quality evidence for reduced hospital length of stay (MD = 2.07 days; 95% CI = 0.43 to 3.72). These effects were more pronounced in recipients of allogeneic transplantation. No serious adverse events were associated directly with exercise in the included studies. CONCLUSIONS Exercise is safe and improves outcomes, including functional exercise capacity, HRQoL, and hospital length of stay, in adults undergoing BMT. IMPACT The results of this systematic review support the implementation of exercise programs in adults undergoing BMT, particularly recipients of allogeneic transplantation.