Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional analysis of the upper airway in obstructive sleep apnea patients

Aim: To assess intraand inter-observer reliability of the localization of anatomical landmarks of the upper airway on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images; (2) and to assess intraand inter-observer reliability of the three-dimensional measurements of the upper airway based on these landmarks. Methods: Fifteen NewTom 5G CBCT data sets were randomly selected from the archives of Department of Oral Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA). Three observers localized six anatomical landmarks that are relevant for upper airway analysis twice with a 10-day interval using 3Diagnosys® software. Subsequently, the observers performed upper airway volume measurement based on those landmarks twice as well, again with a 10-day interval using Amira® software. The upper airway measurements also included the minimum cross-sectional area (CSAmin), location of the CSAmin, and anterior-posterior and lateral dimensions of the CSAmin. Results: Both intraand inter-observer reliability were excellent for the localization of the anatomical landmarks of the upper airway (Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)=0.97-1.00) as well as for the three-dimensional upper airway measurements (ICC=0.78-1.00). Conclusion: The methodology of landmark localization and upper airway measurements used in this study shows an excellent reliability and can thus be recommended in the upper airway analysis on CBCT images.
Undergraduate Students' Attitudes About the Collection, Use, and Privacy of Search Data in Academic Libraries

14 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT . 16 PRIVACY AS A CORE VALUE OF LIBRARIANSHIP . 17 USER PERSPECTIVES ON SEARCH DATA PRIVACY IN LIBRARIES . 20 COMPLEX ATTITUDES ABOUT ONLINE PRIVACY . 21 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS . 23 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH . 24 SUMMARY . 25 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 26 OVERVIEW . 26 ACADEMIC LIBRARIES, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND THE RISE OF LEARNING ANALYTICS . 27 LIBRARY PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND PRIVACY . 29 The American Library Association . 29 Other professional organization statements . 33 LIBRARY PRIVACY POLICIES, TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATIONS, AND CHALLENGES . 35 PRIVACY AND EVALUATION IN PRACTICE . 37 Conservative practices . 38 Evolving practices . 39 Summary of privacy practices and evaluative approaches . 42 STUDENT PERCEPTIONS ABOUT PRIVACY OF LIBRARY SEARCH DATA . 43 Limitations of library search data privacy literature . 49 ATTITUDES ABOUT ONLINE INFORMATION PRIVACY ISSUES . 51 8 Privacy, online retail, and online advertisements . 52 Privacy, the government, and nationality in the online environment . 53 Privacy and social media . 56 Privacy and search engines . 57 Privacy attitudes of young adults . 59 Summary of online information privacy attitudes . 61 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: THE DUAL-CALCULUS MODEL . 61 INSTRUMENTATION FOR MEASURING ONLINE INFORMATION PRIVACY ATTITUDES. 64 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW . 65 III. METHODOLOGY . 66 RESEARCH DESIGN: INTERPRETIVE DESCRIPTION . 66 POSITIONALITY . 71 RESEARCH QUESTIONS . 73 SAMPLING METHOD . 74 RECRUITMENT AND PARTICIPANTS . 78 THE CONSTANT COMPARATIVE METHOD . 83 DATA COLLECTION . 83 Interview logistics . 84 Semi-structured interviews and use of vignettes . 85 Domain-organized interview guide . 87 DATA ANALYSIS . 91 Data analysis during data collection . 91 Full analysis of data collected . 92 PRIVACY, CONFIDENTIALITY, AND DATA MANAGEMENT . 97 GENERALIZABILITY . 98
Assessment of awareness and practice of foot care and physical activity among people with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care teaching hospital

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases across the world and number is on rise all over. But the major increase in people with diabetes is reported to occur in developing countries. WHO estimates 60% of diabetic population will be from developing countries of Asia by 2025. 1,2 According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the global diabetes prevalence for the year 2013 was found to be 8.3%, affecting 382 million adults and it is estimated to increase to 8.8% and 592 million adults by 2035. 2,3
An evaluation of the relationship between traumatic injuries and the development of contrast-associated acute kidney injury

Background Intravenous contrast media-enhanced computed tomography is vitally important in the early identification of traumatic injuries. Contrast media, however, has the propensity to promote nephrotoxicity. Age, injury severity score, renal dysfunction, and hypotension upon presentation are factors associated with contrast-associated acute kidney injury in current trauma literature. This study endeavors to expand upon these findings and evaluate the relationship between traumatic injuries and contrast-associated acute kidney injury. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a Level 1 Trauma Center between January 2005 and August 2013. Patients identified by the institution’s Trauma Registry were divided into two groups: contrast-associated acute kidney injury-positive and negative based on previously published definitions. Results The analysis consisted of 831 intensive care patients; 161 contrast-associated acute kidney injury-positive and 670 contrast-associated acute kidney injury-negative. Logistic regression using significant findings from univariate comparisons between the study groups indicated that genitourinary (OR = 2.859, 95% CI 1.587–5.152, p = 0.000), arterial injuries (OR = 2.464, 95% CI 1.294–4.690, p = 0.006), and concomitant exposure to medications that are potentially nephrotoxic or alter renal hemodynamics (OR = 1.483, 95% CI 1.018–2.158, p = 0.040) were independent risk factors for contrast-associated acute kidney injury. Increasing revised trauma score (OR = 0.874, 95% CI 0.790–0.966, p = 0.009) and fluid administration prior to contrast (OR = 0.445, 95% CI 0.301–0.656, p = 0.000) were independently associated with decreased risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury. Conclusion The risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury increases with escalating injury severity. Unless contraindicated, fluids should be administered prior to contrast, and concomitant exposure to agents that may increase the potential for contrast-associated acute kidney injury should be limited. These practices are increasingly important in patients presenting with arterial or genitourinary trauma.
Simulation of Dew Points in Raw Biogas Using PR and SRK Equations of State

Biogas contains mainly methane, but raw biogas can contain large amounts of CO2 and is normally saturated with water. Condensation, especially during compression, may lead to operational problems. The aim of this work is to calculate the dew point (condensation limit) under different conditions with different models in the simulation programs Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Plus. Binary coefficients for water and CO2 in these models will be fitted to experimental data from the literature. Traditionally, gas mixtures of methane, CO2 and water are calculated with standard models like Peng-Robinson (PR) and Soave-RedlichKwong (SRK). For dry biogas (mixtures with only methane and CO2) all the models give similar results. For a biogas mixture with 60 mol-% methane and 40 mol-% CO2 with 0.1 mol-% added water, the models using binary coefficients fitted for binary mixtures (especially for CO2 and water), gave reasonable results up to about 70 bar, with deviations in the calculated dew point up to 8 K. The binary coefficient for water and CO2 was fitted to experimental data from the literature for a mixture with a CH4 to CO2 molar ratio of 30/70, 50/50 and 70/30. The fitted kij values for the PR model were 0.65, 0.21 and 0.17, respectively. For the SRK model, the kij values were slightly higher. At pressures below 70 bar and temperatures below 40 °C, the uncertainty for calculated dewpoints in mixtures with 30 to 100 % CH4 was reduced to less than 4 K.
State estimation for linear hybrid systems with periodic jumps and unknown inputs

In order to solve the state estimation problem for linear hybrid systems with periodic jumps and unknown inputs, some hybrid observers are proposed. The proposed observers admit a Luenberger‐like structure and the synthesis is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Therefore, the proposed observer designs are completely constructive and provide some input‐to‐state stability properties with respect to unknown inputs. It is worth mentioning that the structure of the hybrid observers, as well as the structure of the LMIs, depends on some observability properties of the flow and jump dynamics, respectively. Then, in order to compensate the effect of the unknown inputs, a hybrid sliding‐mode observer is added to the Luenberger‐like observer structure, providing exponential convergence to zero of the state estimation error despite certain class of unknown inputs. The existence of the hybrid observers and the unknown input hybrid observer is guaranteed if and only if the hybrid system is observable and strongly observable, respectively. Some numerical examples illustrate the feasibility of the proposed estimation approach.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Gender Specific Life Expectancy in Turkey: A Time Series Analysis

This paper has tried to analyze the socioeconomic determinants of total as well as gender specific life expectancy in Turkey from 1971 to 2017. Data stationarity has been checked by ADF, PP and DFGLS unit root tests and cointegration has been checked with the help of the ARDL bound testing method. The estimated results show that the overall level of education, purchasing power and economic development have a significant role in deciding total average life expectancy in Turkey. Whereas, population growth and environmental degradation have an insignificant contribution in deciding total average life expectancy in Turkey. Estimates show environmental degradation, purchasing power and level of male education have contributed significantly in male life expectancy in Turkey. Economic development and share of the male population have an insignificant role in deciding life expectancy of male in Turkey. Environmental degradation, the level of female education, fertility rates and female population significantly effected female life expectancy, but purchasing power has an insignificant role in deciding life expectancy of female in Turkey. The results recommend that the government of Turkey should enhance the level of education and try to stable purchasing power and sustainable development with controlled fertility rates for higher level life expectancy.
Clinicopathological studies of Brooder pneumonia in Broiler Chicken

The present investigation was carried out to investigate the clinicopathology of aspergillosis in broiler chicken at Kamrup district of Assam. The disease was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, gross & microscopic lesions and isolation of the fungus. Gross lesions were characterized by presence of whiteyellowish caseous nodules in the lung, airsacs, heart, thorasic wall and abdominal serosa. Microscopically focal granulomatous reaction was observed in the lungs which were characterized by central necrotic area with infiltration of heterophils, macrophages, epithelioid cells and formation of giant cell. Invasion of fungal hyphae at the peribronchiolar and interstitial tissue and haemorrhages were noticed. On the 4 day post incubation, appearance of velvety, bluish green colonies were observed on the SDA plates. Therapeutic treatment with copper sulphate orally and replacement of the litter responded rapidly with decreased mortality.
Green Earth: Carbon Emissions, ISO 14001, Governance Structures, Militarily Connected from the Manufacturing Industries in Indonesia

Research aims: This study aims to examine the effect of ISO 14001 empirically, Governance Structures and companies led by back with a military to carbon emissions disclosure in the manufacturing company that registered at the (IDX) Indonesian Stock Exchange of 2013 to 2017. Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample in this research was 53 companies chosen based on purposive sampling technique. The data used was 265 observation. The testing of hypotheses uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression with STATA v14. Research findings: The research results show that there are three variables have proven to be not significant to carbon emissions, namely board independent, military connection, and return of equity. Research proves that board independent, military relationship, and return of equity did not affect commitment to express carbon emissions. On the other hand, this research demonstrates that there is four a variable that has significant impact on the carbon emission disclosure in manufacturing company that is, board size, ISO 14001, firms size and leverage. Theoretical contribution/ Originality: This research explain that the average Carbon Emission Disclosure (CED) performance of companies that have military-connected is higher than companies that not military-connected. Companies that have an ISO 14001 certificate with military connections have a higher average and are significantly higher than companies that are not connected with the military. Practitioner/Policy implication: The results of this study indicate the importance for companies to pay attention to the environment of production activities and the need for the government to set standards for disclosure of carbon emissions in order to achieve clean. Research limitation/Implication: The research carried out is still limited to companies that publish carbon emissions disclosures, inconsistent and still relatively low because disclosure of carbon emissions is still voluntary.
Prescription Pattern and Drug Utilization Analysis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, which illustrates the need for rational prescribing of drugs to the patients. Aim: The aim of the study is to analyse the prescription pattern and drug utilisation for the drugs prescribed to the patients with ACS by checking the compliance with the standard guidelines provided by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study for a period of 6 months was conducted in the cardiology and cardiothoracic departments of a tertiary care hospital. The sample size was determined by using Rao software and percentage of the data was calculated using Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: A total of 270 patients were enrolled in the study in which males (219) dominated females (51) and were found in the age group of 60-69 years (92). Diabetes (62.9%) followed by hypertension (54.8%) were found to be the dominant risk factors. The prescribing frequency of dual antiplatelet therapy, statins, beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and nitrates was 93.3%, 97.3%, 94.1%, 76.3% / 14.1% and 41.2%. The treatment given to the patients was not completely in compliance with the ACC/ AHA guidelines (18.14%). Conclusion: The study provides an overall insight of the pattern of drugs prescribed to the patients with ACS which reveals the necessity of improving the rational prescribing of drugs in accordance with the standard guidelines.
Control of broomrape in Bidi tobacco by different management practices

An experiment was conducted on loamy sand soil at Bidi Tobacco Research Station Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat during Kharif-Rabi season of 2011–12 and 2012–13. Twenty treatment combinations comprising of four levels of fertilizer management and five levels of herbicide management were tested in a factorial RBD with four replications. It was concluded that for controlling broomrape effectively and securing maximum cured leaf yield of Bidi tobacco as well as economic returns with management through different fertilizers, an application of ammonium sulphate at 200 kg/ha along with irrigation should be carried out. With regard to management of broomrape, manual weeding of broomrape was found to be the best practice.
Evaluation of Management of TB patients by General Practitioners of Jamnagar city.

Objectives: To evaluate the management of TB patients by General Practitioners (GPs) to fi nd out if they are following RNTCP guidelines. Research Question: Whether the GPs follow the guidelines laid down by RNTCP for diagnosis, categorization and treatment of TB patients? To fi nd out the type of health education given by GPs to TB patients. Study Design: Cross sectional Setting: Jamnagar city Participants: General Practitioners (GPs) of Jamnagar city Sample size: 42 Study Variables: Symptoms, investigations, treatment regimen, awareness about RNTCP, health education about TB Statistical Analysis: Percentage Result: Cough for more than 3 weeks as symptoms were known to all GPs. Knowledge about other symptoms was inadequate. Sputum examination as diagnostic tool was underutilized (57.14%). Follow up with sputum examination during the course of treatment was faulty by majority of GPs. Treatment regimen for initial intensive phase was also faulty by majority of GPs who gave daily dose regimen instead of intermittent. Treatment during a continuation phase was also variable ranging from 4 months to 8 months and included Ethambutol. Categorization of TB patients was known to 69.05% of GPs. Health education to TB patients was given by GPs regarding treatment compliance, regular follow up, screening of home contacts etc. but given only by certain percentage of GP’s. Conclusion: It is concluded that GPs have very inadequate knowledge on RNTCP and they need training for same.
Expanding Pharmacists' Scope of Practice to Include Immunization in Nova Scotia

On 10 December 2010 An Act to Amend Chapter 36 of the Acts of 2001, the Pharmacy Act (Bill 7) received Royal Assent in Nova Scotia, including an amendment that enabled an expanded scope of pharmacy practice. Expanding pharmacists' scope of practice came about from recommendations by various federal and provincial government bodies as an attempt to improve accessibility to health care and decrease costs. In 2013, pharmacists in Nova Scotia began administering the influenza vaccine as part of the publicly funded program in attempts to improve vaccine coverage rates. Preliminary evaluation in Nova Scotia has shown an increase in influenza vaccination coverage. Although pharmacist administration of influenza vaccination may improve vaccination coverage and reduce demand on physician time, there may be tension created among the professions, which needs to be addressed and managed. La modification des lois qui concernent les professions de sante reglementees , An Act to Amend Chapter 36 of the Acts of 2001, the Pharmacy Act (Loi 7), a ete sanctionee en Nouvelle-Ecosse le 10 Decembre, 2010. Un de ces changements legislatif avait pu renforcer l’elargissement du practique des pharmaciens en Nouvelle-Ecosse. Grâce a la conseil de plusieurs groupes gouvernementale, Federale et Provinciale, cette elargissement de practique essaient a diminuer le cout et ameliorer l’accessibilite du systeme de sante. En 2013, les pharmaciens en Nouvelle-Ecosse ont commence d’administrer le vaccin antigrippal gratuitement au public, pour augmenter le taux d’immunisation contre la grippe dans le province. Une evaluation preliminaire a demontre l’augmentation des taux d’immunisation en Nouvelle-Ecosse. Bien que l’administration du vaccin contre la grippe pourrait ameliorer la couvrage vaccinale et reduire le temps des medecins, il pourrait aussi cree des tensions entre les professions medicaux, qui doit etre addresser et gerer.
Determination of oxidative stress balance in follicular fluid

Abstract Background: The role of oxidative stress in female reproduction is an area that needs more investigation. This study aims to assess the oxidative stress levels in follicular fluid (FF) samples of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to relate them to different diagnoses. Methods: A total of 199 woman were enrolled; 37 of them were diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 71 with endometriosis and 41 with tubal factor infertility (TFI) and 50 of the patients were used as a control group. A sample of FF was collected from each patient at an oocyte retrieval day and analyzed for oxidative stress by measuring a class of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) (dROMs test) and also analyzed for the plasma antioxidant test (PAT). Results: The data analyzed in FF were related to different diagnoses. Groups were not significantly different in age and body mass index (BMI), except for the PCOS group. There was a significant difference between dROMs and PAT levels in FF of patients vs. control group. The same finding was seen when the dROM/PAT ratio was used. Conclusions: We conclude that the evaluation of oxidative stress in FF needs more investigation with regard to markers in the follicular microenvironment.
On the ‘utilisation controversy’: a rejoinder and some comments

The critique by Gahn and Gonzalez (2019) of the conclusions in Nikiforos (2016) regarding what data should be used to evaluate whether capacity utilization is endogenous to demand is weak for the following reasons: (i) The Federal Reserve Board (FRB) measure of utilization is not appropriate for measuring long-run variations of utilization because of the method and purpose of its construction. Even if its difference from the measures of the average workweek of capital (AWW) were trivial, this would still be the case; if anything, it would show that the AWW is also an inappropriate measure. (ii) Gahn and Gonzalez choose to ignore the longest available estimate of the AWW produced by Foss, which has a clear long-run trend. (iii) Their econometric results are not robust to more suitable specifications of the unit root tests. Under these specifications, the tests overwhelmingly fail to reject the unit root hypothesis. (iv) Other estimates of the AWW, which were not included in Nikiforos (2016) confirm these conclusions. v) For the comparison between the AWW series and the FRB series, they construct variables that are not meaningful because they subtract series in different units. When the comparison is done correctly, the results confirm that the difference between the AWW series and the FRB series has a unit root. (vi) A stationary utilization rate is not consistent with any theory of the determination of capacity utilization. Even if demand did not play a role, there is no reason to expect that all the other factors that determine utilization would change in a fashion that would keep utilization constant.
The amoral academy? A critical discussion of research ethics in the neo-liberal university

Abstract This paper challenges current dominant thinking in Universities about the processes of ethical appraisal of research studies in the Social Sciences. It considers this to be founded on unjustifiable and inappropriate principles, the origins of which are presented before discussing alternative, more inclusive and ethically defensible approaches. The latter are based on dialogic processes to sustain respectful and empowering ethical reviews which appreciate the situated nature of research. The empirical evidence for this comes from papers about ethnographic studies with children and adults in various educational spaces in Western Europe, originally a symposium on the practice of ethics in educational ethnography at ECER, 2017, now forming a book published by Routledge, 2019. The dialogic processes help researchers to carry out culturally-appropriate research with the demonstrable ethical integrity that participants and stakeholders reasonably expect. The authors argue that currently risk-averse Universities need to change their research cultures to support all research methodologies and fieldwork practices that have ethical integrity and create valuable research that is socially beneficial, to enhance their lustre.