Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antiangiogenesis and Anticancer Activity of Leaf and Leaf Callus Extracts from Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench (Asteraceae)

Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench. is an annual herb distributed throughout India, this plant has high trade value because of its many medicinal properties such as inflammatory swelling, stomachache, diuretic properties, cough, fever, diuretic, leprosy, piles, dropsy, enzyme, ringworm herpes, elephantiasis, incontinence of urine, stomach ache and rheumatism, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-cancer. Antiangiogenic activity of ethanol leaf and leaf callus extracts was tested through in vivo CAM (Chorioallantoic membrane) model. Both leaf and leaf derived callus showed higher angiogenic activity 79.33 and 66.0 percentage respectively at 40 μg/mL concentration. The average number of vessels in leaf and leaf derived callus extracts treated CAM was 2 and 3 respectively. Inhibition percentage and vessel number of both the extracts was almost Original Research Article Chinnadurai et al.; BJPR, 13(5): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BJPR. 28758 2 equal in both the concentrations. The cytotoxicity of leaf and leaf derived callus was tested using the MTT assay (HeLa cell line). At a concentration of 300 mg/mL, both the tested samples produced cytotoxic effect as evidenced by the number of dead cells (24.3%, 16.34% respectively).
Sexual and ontogenetic dimorphism in otoliths of the family Ophidiidae

Un dimorphisme sexuel dans des otolithes est rapporte ici pour la premiere fois (a l'excepron de celui qui a ete decrit chez les Cichlidae par Gaemers et Crapon de Crapona, 1986). Dans le genre Neobythites, environ la moitie des especes presente un dimorphisme sexuel, tandis que l'autre moitie n'en montre pas. L'alteration morphologique des otolithes se produit uniquement chez les mâles et elle est tres souvent de meme nature. Ce changement est si evident que les otolithes des mâles peuvent aisement etre reperes comme tels. Les otholithes des femelles demeurent pratiquement inchanges. Un dimorphisme sexuel des otolithes est aussi evident pour le genre monotypique Spectrunculus qui est aussi connu pour son fort dimorphisme sexuel de la vessie natatoire
Evolution of allometric changes in fruit fly legs: a developmentally entrenched story

Allometric studies measure the scaling changes between different body parts and these often have implications on understanding ecology and evolution. Although most work on allometry has described its importance during phenotypic evolution, few studies have focused on studying how entrenched developmental processes can affect allometric changes. To explore this problem, here we used the sex comb, a male-specific group of bristles with a spectacular morphological diversity among Drosophila species. By combining morphometric analysis in wild type and genetically perturbed D. melanogaster and Drosophila species, we studied the allometric changes that occur in leg length and other bristle rows in concert with sex comb radiation. We show that bristle-developmental processes are important for understanding the allometric changes of Drosophila first tarsal segments. Different lines of evidence suggest that a complicated interaction between bristle spacing and movement are crucial for understanding the evolution of allometry in this system. As a result, this work shows that although the emergence of a new trait, the sex comb, can modify the allometric relationships, there is a hierarchy of ancestral developmental processes with respect to how easily they can be modified. As a result, the interconnection of developmental processes can bias the direction of morphological changes.
Melittophilous Mode of Pollination Predominates in European Plum (Prunus domestica L.) in the Semi-Arid Environment of Northwest India

European plum (Prunus domestica L.) is an important fruit and medicinal plant. This fruit plant is a new introduction in the Northwest region of India. Flowers of this plant need crosspollination for fruit set. However, the spectrum of pollinators and their relative role in pollination of flowers of this fruit plant in this region is not known. To meet these objectives, the present study was carried out. An entire range of flower visitors of this fruit plant was captured with hand net from its field and were identified. On the basis of foraging mode, the flower visitors were characterized as pollinators and non-pollinators. Their relative abundances, foraging rates, activity durations and number of pollen grains carried on the surface were recorded and these parameters were used to determine their pollinating efficiencies. During the two years of this study, a total of 12 insect species were observed on the three varieties of plum at Hisar. Among these insect visitors, five species belonged to Hymenoptera, five to Diptera, one to Lepidoptera and one to Coleoptera. Apis dorsata was the most abundant visitor having maximal foraging rate and carried maximal number of loose pollen grains and proved to be the most efficient pollinator of plum (P. domestica) in both the seasons followed by A. mellifera, A. cerana and A. florea; the dipterans were the least efficient pollinators of plum in both the years. On the basis of these parameters, melittophilous mode of pollination was found to predominate in this fruit plant in the semi-arid environment of Northwest India. Conservation of wild honeybees has been recommended.
Pathogens on the Move: A 100-Year Global Experiment with Planted Eucalypts

Co-evolved plant pathogens play an important role in shaping natural ecosystems. However, plants used in agriculture and forestry have been distributed globally, and their associated pathogens have moved with them. Eucalypts constitute the largest component of global hardwood plantations, and they are increasingly plagued by numerous pathogens, all of which are inconsequential in the native forests. Eucalypts provide a particularly interesting model to study tree diseases because plantations have been established in countries where these trees are exotic but also in Australia adjacent to native eucalypt forests. These situations present opportunities for pathogen movement between the two systems. We present seven different scenarios considering pathogen movement, important disease epidemics, and biosecurity risks, illustrated with examples of well-known eucalypt pathogens and research largely from our laboratories. The overview shows that vigilant biosecurity is required to protect the biodiversity of native forests and the sustainability of eucalypt plantations.
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) supplementation increase the sexual capacity of low but not high sexual performance rams (Ovis aries)

To evaluate the effect of maca (Lepidium meyenii) supplementation on the sexual capacity of males, 40 rams were classified as high (HP) and low performers (LP). Within each category (n = 20), ten rams were supplemented with 233 mg of dry maca/kg of body weight/day during four weeks, followed by four weeks of a control diet (residual), while the rest of the animals remained as controls during the eight-weeks period. LP rams increased (P < 0.05) all sexual behaviors during maca supplementation up to HP levels, decreasing to control planes one week after the supplementation ceased. In contrast, in HP rams, maca supplementation only increased genital sniffs and nudging, while mounts and ejaculations remained unaffected during both supplementation and residual phases. It was concluded that maca supplementation affects males differently, according to their original sexual capacity.
Glycomic analysis of biomedically important O-glycoconjugates

It has been established that all cells carry an array of glycans attached to proteins and lipids that are crucial in the interaction between cells and the surrounding matrix. Proteins are mainly glycosylated on asparagines (N-glycosylation) and serine or threonine residues (Oglycosylation). Compared to N-glycans, O-glycans offer a higher degree of structural ambiguity due to the existence of several types and cores. This is believed to contribute to the relative lack of knowledge on these molecules. Therefore, improvement to the current methodologies of structural studies is a prerequisite to complement the immense functional findings of Oglycoconjugates in biological systems. This thesis discusses the structural characterisation, regulation and biological roles of O-glycans. The overall aim was to optimise O-glycomic mass spectrometric analysis to help illuminate the phenotypic findings from our collaborators in three separate but related projects. The methodologies utilised involving MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS, GCEI-MS, ESI-QTOF-MS and MALDI-QIT-TOF-MS. The first project investigated the effects of core 2 GlcNAc transferase (C2GnT) deficiency in mice. This enzyme exists in three isoforms which are expressed differently in different tissues. Analysis of the single knockout of each of these isoenzymes as well as the triple knockouts has allowed the investigation of their unique and overlapping functions. The outcomes of this study include characterisation of alterations of not just mucin-type O-glycans but also Omannose glycan, which could be associated with several organ lesions and system failures. The second project focused on the gastric mucosa of mice with deficiency in α1,2-fucosyltranferase (FuT2). This enzyme plays an important role in decorating the mucosal mucins with ABH-blood group and Lewis antigens that are known to interact with various gut flora including the pathogen Helicobacter pylori. It has been shown that the binding of H. pylori via BabA adhesins was significantly impaired with the loss of H antigens and Lewis y on O-glycans. The third project investigated the regulation of mucin-type O-glycosylation. The protein Src has been recognised to play an essential role in the localisation of ppGalNAc transferases, the initiating enzyme of Oglycosylation, in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Therefore, it could be inferred that Src influences the regulation of protein O-glycosylation. The NIH3T3 and NBT-II cell lines with different levels of Src or different localisation of ppGalNAcT-2 have been analysed in order to identify the changes on the structures of O-glycans and the relative abundances of cores 1 and 2. Valuable information has been gathered which could lead to further investigative work to better understand the role of Src in the regulation of protein O-glycosylation.
Chaetognatha, Thaliacea, Euphausiacea and Pelagic Polychaeta in the Colombian Pacific Ocean During Two Periods in 1996 (La Niña) and Two Periods in 1997 (El Niño)

The distribution and abundance of four zooplanktonic groups were evaluated over the periods June and October 1996 (La Nina: LN) and May and December 1997 (El Nino: EN). Their order of abundance was: chaetognaths, thaliaceans, euphausids and planktonic polychaetes. The most important genera were: Sagitta (Chaetognatha), Thalia and Weelia (Thaliacea), Euphausia (Euphasiacea), and Maupasia . coeca , M. isochaeta, Plotohelmis capitata, and Vanadis crystallina (Polychaeta). Within chaetognaths, Eukrohnia is the first report for the Colombian Pacific. The spatial distribution of the four groups most likely was associated with hydrological dynamics, especially in areas where fertilization processes took place. LN 1996 offered better conditions for the development of all groups especially in October. Their marked diminish in 1997 is explained by the increase of temperature caused by EN.
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum, the Causal Agent of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Date palm Phoeniex dactylifera L. in Northern State, Sudan

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest fruit trees mentioned in the Holy Quran. Its role as an income generator because of it is high nutritive and social values well recognized in the Arabian and some neighboring countries. It constituted there the basis of survival for many tribes in the desert regions, which still holds to be true today. Date palm production constitutes 70% of exports in the Northern state of Sudan (Dirar, 2003). In Sudan date palm is important fruit tree in the Northern part of the country, where it has been cultivated for more than 3,000 years, with an estimated of about 400 current varieties (Bashab, 2011). Its cultivation is confined to the northern regions, particularly along the Nile banks between latitude 15 : 5 and 22N. Climatically conditions prevailing in north of the country along hot summer cool dry winter scarcity of rains, makes an ideal location for date palm tree cultivation (Osman,1977).
Storage stability of sunflower (Helianthus annus) oil in different packaging materials

Studies on storage of raw sunflower oil were carried out in four different packaging materials viz., plastic, tin, hindolium and high density polyethylene (HDPE) pouches. The effect of heat treatment on storability of oil under airtight and non-airtight conditions was also studied. In case of heat treatment, the oil was heated upto 120°C temperature for 90 min in order to inactivate the lipase enzyme completely. It was observed that during storage, different packaging materials and heat treatment affected the colour, odour, free fatty acids and iodine value of oil. The airtight HDPE pouches (120 gauge) with heat-treated oil were found to be the best packaging materials for storage of oil upto a period of 16 weeks.
Epidemiological survey of oral submucous fibrosis in Xiangtan City, Hunan province, China

Objective To understand oral submucous fibrous (OSF) because the hair cause of disease and the quantitative corresponding measures, do a good job in OSF prevention and control work. Methods The quantitative cluster sampling, according to the diagnostic criteria of the development of the Pindborg, yuhu in Xiangtan city of different types of 57 units of 11 046 people to chew areca cause OSF epidemiological investigation. Results OSF 335 diagnosis example, the prevalence rate of 30.33‰, 4 cases were oral cancer, oral cancer coexist rate was 11.94‰; All OSF patients had a history of betel nut, no chewing betel nut (containing the cigarette, wine, and spicy aficionados) were not found in patients with OSF; Of OSF prevalence in the chewing hobby was no differences in sex and age in the crowd; OSF prevalence of high and low with length of fixed number of year of average chewing betel nut dose and chewing betel nuts were closely related(r=0.28828, P<0.01); OSF prevalence was different from eating betel nut additive that had a very significant difference. Different hobbies compatibility with standardized test, 7 incidence group had 6 group without significant difference, but people only eat chili can (in the control group, 1 329) and outsiders no OSF patients (control group, 698). Conclusions Survey results confirm that chewing betel nut is the main factor of Xiangtan people of OSF, and OSF carcinoma prevalence is lower than abroad. Key words: Oral submucous fibrosis/EP
The effects of clusterin on the aggregation and pathogenicity of TDP-43, a protein implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi ABBREVIATIONS . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 OVERVIEW . 1 1.2 PROTEIN FOLDING, AGGREGATION AND DISEASE . 2 1.2.1 Protein Unfolding, Misfolding and Aggregation . 2 1.2.2 Diseases Linked With Protein Aggregation . 2 1.3 MAINTAINING PROTEOSTASIS . 4 1.3. 1 The Role of Protein Quality Control . 4 1.3. 2 The Intracellular Protein Quality Control System . 4 1.3. 3 The Extracellular Protein Quality Control System . 6 1.4 AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) . 8 1.4. 1 Overview . 8 1.4. 2 Pathogenic mechanisms that may contribute to neurodegeneration . 9 1.4. 2.1 Genetic factors . 9 1.4. 2.2 Protein aggregation and disruption to proteostasis . 10 1.4. 2.3 Glutamate induced excitotoxicity . 11 1.4. 2.4 Oxidative stress . 13 1.4. 2.5 Mitochondrial dysfunction . 14 1.4. 2.6 Impaired axonal transport . 15 1.4. 2.7 The role of non-neuronal cells . 15 1.5 SPREAD OF ALS PATHOLOGY IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) . 16 1.5. 1 Contiguous spread . 17 1.5. 2 Non-contiguous spread . 17 1.5. 3 Histopathology . 17 1.6 TRANSACTIVE RESPONSE DNA BINDING PROTEIN (TDP-43) . 18 1.6. 1 Function, Structure and Location . 19 1.6. 2 Pathological modifications of TDP-43. 20 1.6. 3 Does TDP-43 contribute to ALS via a loss or gain of function? 21
Identification of melon cultivars by gel and capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) in conjunction with sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to identify nine cultivars of melons. The identification was based on qualitative differences shown by seed storage proteins (globulins) separated by the two techniques. Although CE showed good reproducibility, it failed to identify all of the cultivars examined. The use of CE in conjunction with SDS-PAGE increased the possibility of cultivar identification. The inability of these techniques to discriminate between all of the nine cultivars examined might be due to the rather conservative nature of the globulins extracted from the same members of the Cucurbitaceae family.
Distribution extension of Syphacia (Seuratoxyuris) peromysci Harkema, 1936 (Nematoda, Syphaciinae) parasitizing the Rock Mouse, Peromyscus difficilis (J. A. Allen, 1891) (Rodentia, Neotominae) in central Mexico

As a part of an ongoing project in order to inventory the helminth parasites of rodents in Mexico, 49 individuals of Syphacia ( Seuratoxyuris ) peromysci were collected from five specimens of the Rock Mouse Peromyscus difficilis caught in Veracruz state, Mexico. This is the first report of S. peromysci in a Mexican endemic rodent, widening the known distribution of the species to the southern portion of the country.
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram Negative Bacteria in Private Hospital, Tiruchengode , Tamilnadu, India

group of enzymes capable of hydrolyzing the membered beta lactam ring of beta lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenemases. ESBL were usually plasmid mediated or chromosomal origin. Beta lactamase inhibitors were clavulanic acid, sulbactam and lazobactam. They are generally inhibit ESBL producing strains ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 5 (2013) pp. 280-289 http://www.ijcmas. com
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on Bovine Ephemeral Fever in Cattle

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease of cattle caused by a single stranded RNA virus that belongs to the rhabdovirus group. The outbreak was diagnosed as BEF on the bases of clinical signs and pathological lesions. In the present study, out of two hundred and fifty cows, fourteen cows are died from BEF by mortality ratio 5.6%. The diseased cows showed viraemia, inappetance, depression, salivation, lacrimation, nasal discharge, lameness, and recumbency followed by death. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from naturally infected cows with BEFV were grossly and microscopically evaluated and tested using immunohistochemistry. The main gross findings include grayish-white streaks in the skeletal muscles, congestion and mottling of the lung surface with darkness of the lobar septa, congestion of the tracheal mucosae with the presence of mucous exudate in their lumen. The liver and kidneys were congested with edematous and enlarged lymph nodes. The microscopical examination revealed various pathological changes in different organs. Diffuse hemorrhage and pulmonary emphysema with alveolar atelectasis and catarrhal bronchiolitis were observed in the lung. The skeletal muscle showed severe hyaline degeneration and myomalacia with inter-muscular hemorrhage. Edema with marked lymphoid depletion was observed in the pre-scapular and pre-femoral lymph nodes. Necrotic changes were noticed in the renal and intestinal tissues. Diagnosis was confirmed by detecting viral antigen in the spleen, lung, muscle, kidney, heart and lymph nodes with most of the antigen appearing within macrophages and pericytes using immunohistochemistry.
Morphological and Molecular Variability of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize

Twenty seven isolates of Rhizoctonia solani causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in maize were collected from different maize varieties and one from rice grown in various regions of Telengana State, India for easy breeding task. The isolates were analysed for their morphological and genetic characterization. The hyphal width varied from 5.00 (RS2, RS20) to 7.97 μm (RS10) of rice isolate (7.34 μm). The isolates RS7, RS 8, RS9 (Karimnagar), RS10, RS11, RS12 (Khammam) RS16 (Krishna) and RS26 (Kurnool) and one rice isolate RS28 produced barrel shaped monilioid cells. The clamp connection was present only in RS1 isolate from Pragnyapur mandal of Medak district. The three isolates RS16, RS17, RS18 from Krishna district and rice isolate RS28 recorded maximum colony growth of 90.00 mm within 48 h of incubation. The colour of most isolates varied from light grey to brown while the rice isolate showed a typical yellowish brown shade. The sclerotial number per 5.00 mm culture disc of test isolates ranged from between (7.00) to (17.67). Their size varied between 0.21 μm (RS 24) and 1.57 μm (RS11). The rice isolate RS28 recorded highest (19.00) sclerotial count compared to that of maize isolates. Sclerotial colour in all isolates except for RS 24 was yellowish brown to dark reddish brown whereas the rice isolate was dark yellowish brown. Molecular characterization of the test isolates using RAPD markers with UPGMA exhibited two major clusters with 66 to 90% genetic similarity. Art ic le History
Growth of Guillemot Uria aalge chicks in relation to time of hatching

On the island of Stora Karls6, the Baltic Sea, the fledging weight of Guillemot chicks has been found to decrease gradually after the peak of fledging. To find the cause of the decline, we collected data on egg size, chick growth, feeding rate, and fledging age of chicks in pairs breeding at normal time and pairs whose breeding was experimentally delayed by egg removal. Replacement eggs were ca. 6% smaller than first eggs, but no difference in hatching weight was found between normal and late chicks. Nor were any differences found in fledging age and feeding rate between the two categories. Late chicks grew significantly more slowly than normal chicks, and at age 18-21 d, weighed on average only 222 g compared with 256 g for normal chicks. We suggest that a seasonal deterioration in food quality in combination with a decreased availibility of the prey could be responsible for the lower growth rate in late chicks.
Pigeon orientation: a comparison between single birds and small

In a series of experiments the orientation behaviour of single pigeons was compared with that of small flocks (three and ten individuals). On the whole the flocks did not orientate better than birds released singly. However, there were indications of slight differences between single birds and flocks, suggesting that the dominance of single leaders may be influenced by other individuals even in small flocks. The results are compared with those reported by other authors on the impact of social influences on bird orientation.