Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF INFILTRATION MODELS FOR DIFFERENT LAND USE AND SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Soil structural and water transmission properties, as influenced by land use and soil management, affect the coefficients of infiltration predictive models. Ten infiltration models were analyzed to assess these coefficients. The models tested include Green and Ampt (1911), Kostiakov (1932), Horton (1940), Mezencev (1948), Philip (1957), Holtan (1961) —two and three-parameters, Stroosnijder (1976), Swartzendruber (1987), and Kutilek and Krejca (1987). Parameters were evaluated for time-dependence and precision and with regard to the effects of land use/soil management and landscape positions. The field water infiltration data used in these models were based on double ring infiltrometer tests conducted for 3 h at six different land use/soil management treatments at the North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds (NAEW) near Coshocton, Ohio. The treatments were no-till without manure (NTWM), no-till with manure (NTM), no-till corn-soybean rotation (NTCSR), conventional tillage (CT), meadow (M) and forest. Measurements were made at three landscape positions (e.g., shoulder or upper slope (US); back or middle slope, (MS); and foot slope (FS)). The algebraic parameters of the infiltration models and nonlinear least squares regression were fitted using measured infiltration time [I (t)] data. Among process-based infiltration models, the Swartzendruber model performed best and matched the measured I (t) data with lower sum of squares (SS) and higher model efficiency (EF) and Wilmot’s index of agreement (W). Overall the three-parameter Horton model gave the best representation of the I (t) relationship with the lowest SS and the highest EF and W for most of the land use treatments, including forest. The treatments had significant influence on the parameters related to initial infiltration rate or sorptivity and final steady state infiltration rate or hydraulic conductivity near saturation, whereas landscape positions had significant influence on the sorptivity parameter only. The fitted parameters (i.e., sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity near saturation) were time dependent and were higher for NTM than for other treatments.
BBPpred: Sequence-Based Prediction of Blood-Brain Barrier Peptides with Feature Representation Learning and Logistic Regression

Blood-brain barrier peptides (BBPs) have a large range of biomedical applications since they can cross the blood-brain barrier based on different mechanisms. As experimental methods for the identification of BBPs are laborious and expensive, computational approaches are necessary to be developed for predicting BBPs. In this work, we describe a computational method, BBPpred (blood-brain barrier peptides prediction), that can efficiently identify BBPs using logistic regression. We investigate a wide variety of features from amino acid sequence information, and then a feature learning method is adopted to represent the informative features. To improve the prediction performance, seven informative features are selected for classification by eliminating redundant and irrelevant features. In addition, we specifically create two benchmark data sets (training and independent test), which contain a total of 119 BBPs from public databases and the literature. On the training data set, BBPpred shows promising performances with an AUC score of 0.8764 and an AUPR score of 0.8757 using the 10-fold cross-validation. We also test our new method on the independent test data set and obtain a favorable performance. We envision that BBPpred will be a useful tool for identifying, annotating, and characterizing BBPs. BBPpred is freely available at http://BBPpred.xialab. info.
Structure–activity relationships for organotin compounds on the red killifish Oryzias latipes

The LC50 values of a series of 29 organotin compounds were determined for the red killifish (Oryzias latipes) according to an OECD test guideline. Their toxicities varied from 10−1 to 10−5 mmol dm−3 in five orders of magnitude. In this paper a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of these organotin compounds was carried out using physicochemical and topological parameters as independent variables. These parameters were found not to be good descriptors for estimating the LC50 values. However, when the term index Value (IV), which is created as a new parameter and is defined by the number of phenyl or alkyl groups attached to the tin atom, was used, excellent regression equations to predict the toxicities of organotin compounds were obtained and a multiparametric relationship including IV, Information Index (IWD and Mean Information Index (IWD)) showed the best correlation.
Major adverse cardiac events and functional capacity in patients at intermediate risk undergoing transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with bicuspid valves

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is not always the optimal option for aortic valve stenosis (AS) patients with bicuspid aortic valves (BcAVs) and many studies exclude this group of patients. The aim of our study was to compare the rate of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and functional capacity in AS patients with BcAV after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and TAVR.
Paranoia in patients attending child and adolescent mental health services

Objective: Paranoia may be particularly prevalent during adolescence, building on the heightened social vulnerabilities at this age. Excessive mistrust may be corrosive for adolescent social relationships, especially in the context of mental health disorders. We set out to examine the prevalence, symptom associations, and persistence of paranoia in a cohort of young people attending child and adolescent mental health services. Method: A total of 301 patients (11–17 years old) completed measures of paranoia, affect, peer difficulties and behavioural problems. Clinicians also rated each participant’s psychiatric symptoms. Patterns of association were examined using linear regressions and network analyses. In total, 105 patients repeated the measures several months later. Results: Most of the adolescents had affective disorders (n = 195), self-harm/suicidality (n = 82), or neurodevelopmental conditions (n = 125). Few had suspected psychosis (n = 7). Rates of paranoia were approximately double compared with previous reports from the general population. In this patient sample, 35% had at least elevated paranoia, 15% had at least moderate paranoia, and 6% had high paranoia. Paranoia had moderate associations with clinician-rated peer difficulties, self-harm, and trauma, and small associations with clinician-rated social anxiety, depression, generalised anxiety, and educational problems. Network analyses showed paranoia had the strongest unique relationship with peer difficulties. Paths from peer difficulties to anxiety, self-harm, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and behavioural problems were all via paranoia. Both self-harm and post-traumatic stress disorder were solely associated with paranoia in the network. Paranoia remained persistent for three-quarters and was associated with greater psychological problems over time. Conclusion: Paranoia is relatively common and persistent across a range of clinical presentations in youth. When paranoia occurs alongside emotional problems, important peer interactions may be adversely affected. Wider consideration of paranoia in adolescent patients is needed.
Acceptance of the HPV Vaccine in a Multiethnic Sample of Latinx Mothers

This descriptive qualitative study explored Latinx mothers’ acceptance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for their adolescent children. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a hybrid method of thematic analysis that incorporated deductive and inductive approaches. Twenty-two (n = 22), mostly foreign-born, Latinx mothers of male and female adolescents participated in the study. Three main themes and nine subthemes emerged from the analyses. Findings identified the need for increased efforts to raise awareness and knowledge among Latinx mothers of the direct benefits of the HPV vaccine for sons, including stressing prevention of HPV-associated cancers in males. Findings also underscore the need for improved health care providers’ communication and recommendation of the HPV vaccine for Latinx adolescent males. Future research should intervene upon the study’s findings to address barriers that remain and affect Latinx mothers’ acceptance and uptake of the HPV vaccine for their children, in particular their sons.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis puromycin hydrolase displays a prolyl oligopeptidase fold and an acyl aminopeptidase activity

Puromycin‐hydrolizing peptidases have been described as members of the prolyl oligopeptidase peptidase family. These enzymes are present across all domains of life but still little is known of the homologs found in the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The crystal structure of a M. tuberculosis puromycin hydrolase peptidase has been determined at 3 Angstrom resolution, revealing a conserved prolyl oligopeptidase fold, defined by α/β‐hydrolase and β‐propeller domains with two distinctive loops that occlude access of large substrates to the active site. The enzyme displayed amino peptidase activity with a substrate specificity preference for hydrophobic residues in the decreasing order of phenylalanine, leucine, alanine and proline. The enzyme's active site is lined by residues Glu564 for the coordination of the substrates amino terminal moiety and His561, Val608, Tyr78, Trp306, Phe563 and Ty567 for the accommodation of hydrophobic substrates. The availability of a crystal structure for puromycin hydrolase of M. tuberculosis shall facilitate the development of inhibitors with therapeutic applications.
Flavonoids from Carthamus tinctorius

Two new flavonoids, (2S)-4′,5-dihydroxyl-6,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl flavanone (1) and 6-hydroxykaempferol 6,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), were isolated from Carthamus tinctorius. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means including 2D NMR, ESIMS and CD.
A survey of early-career researchers in Australia

Early-career researchers (ECRs) make up a large portion of the academic workforce and their experiences often reflect the wider culture of the research system. Here we surveyed 658 ECRs working in Australia to better understand the needs and challenges faced by this community. Although most respondents indicated a ‘love of science’, many also expressed an intention to leave their research position. The responses highlight how job insecurity, workplace culture, mentorship and ‘questionable research practices’ are impacting the job satisfaction of ECRs and potentially compromising science in Australia. We also make recommendations for addressing some of these concerns.
A Brief Period of Wakeful Rest after Learning Enhances Verbal Memory in Stroke Survivors

Abstract Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that wakeful rest (a period of minimal cognitive stimulation) enhances memory in clinical populations with memory impairment. However, no study has previously examined the efficacy of this technique in stroke survivors, despite the high prevalence of post-stroke memory difficulties. We aimed to investigate whether wakeful rest enhances verbal memory in stroke survivors and healthy controls. Method: Twenty-four stroke survivors and 24 healthy controls were presented with two short stories; one story was followed by a 10-minute period of wakeful rest and the other was followed by a 10-minute visual interference task. A mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) with pairwise comparisons was used to compare participants’ story retention at two time points. Results: After 15–30 minutes, stroke survivors (p = .002, d = .73), and healthy controls (p = .001, d = .76) retained more information from the story followed by wakeful rest, compared with the story followed by an interference task. While wakeful rest remained the superior condition in healthy controls after 7 days (p = .01, d = .58), the beneficial effect was not maintained in stroke survivors (p = .35, d = .19). Conclusions: Wakeful rest is a promising technique, which significantly enhanced verbal memory after 15–30 minutes in both groups; however, no significant benefit of wakeful rest was observed after 7 days in stroke survivors. Preliminary findings suggest that wakeful rest enhances early memory consolidation processes by protecting against the effects of interference after learning in stroke survivors.
A restricted cafeteria diet ameliorates biometric and metabolic profile in a rat diet-induced obesity model

Abstract The administration of anti-obesity bioactive compounds and/or functional foods in rodents fed energy restriction diets based on chow food can be difficult to interpret. We propose an energy restricted cafeteria (CAF) diet as a dietetic intervention to be combined with other therapies. Postweaning male rats were fed standard chow, CAF diet or 30% energy restricted CAF diet (CAF-R) for 8 weeks. The CAF-R diet lowered energy intake and the increase of body weight and body mass index due to the CAF diet, lead to an intermediate feed efficiency, and dampened the CAF diet-induced alterations on body composition, serum levels of triacylglycerides and NEFAs, and insulin resistance. These effects were associated with diminished Ucp1, Nrf1 and Tfam1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue. In conclusion, the CAF-R diet ameliorated obesity and related metabolic disorders induced by a regular CAF diet, turning it in a useful tool to study anti-obesity compounds.
Seven-year disease-free survival in a patient with osteoclast-like giant cell-containing pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (UCOGC) of the pancreas is a very rare variant of pancreatic malignant neoplasm. It is regarded as a highly aggressive tumor with a worse prognosis than conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION A 54-year-old male patient presented with 3-month recurrent epigastric distress. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a large cystic mass in the distal pancreas. On macroscopic examination, the lesion had numerous multiloculated cystic cavities. Microscopically, the tumor predominantly comprised a considerable number of evenly distributed non-neoplastic osteoclast-like giant cells and a few neoplastic pleomorphic cells. Although extensive histologic sampling was conducted, a classic ductal adenocarcinoma component was not identified. The patient received no further treatment after his surgery and has been doing well with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis for >7 years. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pure UCOGC has a significantly better prognosis and supports that pure UCOGC may represent a biologically distinct variant of pancreatic carcinoma and it should be separated from other undifferentiated pancreatic carcinomas.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG associated disorder: A comprehensive neuro‐ophthalmic review

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an antibody‐mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that involves the optic nerves, spinal cord, and often other specific brain regions such as area postrema of the medulla. NMOSD was formerly classified as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), given the similar symptomatology and relapsing course but is now considered to have distinct clinical, paraclinical, immunological and prognostic features. The discovery of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) immunoglobulin G (IgG) has improved the ability to diagnose NMOSD. AQP4‐IgG targets the astrocytic AQP4 water channel leading to complement activation and increased blood‐brain barrier permeability. Accurate and early diagnosis is crucial as timely treatment may result in mitigation of long‐term disability. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐IgG associated disorder (MOGAD) is a distinct nosologic entity, which has been more recently described. Its clinical spectrum partly overlaps that of seronegative NMOSD and MS. Although it is considered to have fewer relapses and better prognosis than NMOSD, the clinical course and outcome of MOGAD has not been fully characterized.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Steroid Response after Cataract Surgery in Patients with and without Glaucoma.

PRECIS Steroid response after cataract surgery was more frequent in glaucoma patients than non-glaucoma patients. Longer axial length and more preoperative medications were risk factors for steroid response in glaucoma patients. PURPOSE To evaluate incidence and risk factors for topical steroid response after uneventful cataract surgery in patients with and without glaucoma. SETTING Academic glaucoma clinics. DESIGN Retrospective review. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive patients with and without glaucoma and no prior incisional glaucoma surgery undergoing cataract surgery between March 2007 and September 2016. All patients routinely received topical prednisolone acetate 1% postoperatively. METHODS Pertinent clinical information was recorded. Steroid response was defined as IOP >50% above the baseline IOP measurement, occurring at or after the second postoperative week. RESULTS We included 472 eyes of 472 non-glaucoma patients and 191 eyes of 191 glaucoma patients. Ten (2.1%) non-glaucoma eyes and 16 (8.4%) glaucoma eyes were diagnosed as steroid responders (relative risk= 3.72, 95% confidence interval 1.71-8.07, P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that for non-glaucoma, longer axial length (AL) and younger age were associated with a higher incidence of steroid response (P≤0.003), while for glaucoma patients, longer AL and more preoperative medications were associated with steroid response (P≤0.030). An AL ≥26▒mm was associated with steroid response for both groups (P≤0.024). CONCLUSION Although glaucoma patients were 3.72 times more likely to have steroid response after uneventful cataract surgery, the incidence of steroid response with prednisolone acetate 1% was relatively low after phacoemulsification in both non-glaucoma and glaucoma eyes. Steroid response was associated with longer AL in both groups and with more preoperative medications in glaucoma patients.
Can we just talk our patients out of pain? Should pain neuroscience education be our only tool?

Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Group MOVANT, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia; IMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Australia; UR 20201 ERPHAN, Université Versailles Saint Quenti, Hôpital R. Poincaré/Garches (92); Baylor University Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Robbins College of Health and Human Services, Texas, USA
Attachment goes to court: child protection and custody issues

ABSTRACT Attachment theory and research are drawn upon in many applied settings, including family courts, but misunderstandings are widespread and sometimes result in misapplications. The aim of this consensus statement is, therefore, to enhance understanding, counter misinformation, and steer family-court utilisation of attachment theory in a supportive, evidence-based direction, especially with regard to child protection and child custody decision-making. The article is divided into two parts. In the first, we address problems related to the use of attachment theory and research in family courts, and discuss reasons for these problems. To this end, we examine family court applications of attachment theory in the current context of the best-interest-of-the-child standard, discuss misunderstandings regarding attachment theory, and identify factors that have hindered accurate implementation. In the second part, we provide recommendations for the application of attachment theory and research. To this end, we set out three attachment principles: the child’s need for familiar, non-abusive caregivers; the value of continuity of good-enough care; and the benefits of networks of attachment relationships. We also discuss the suitability of assessments of attachment quality and caregiving behaviour to inform family court decision-making. We conclude that assessments of caregiver behaviour should take center stage. Although there is dissensus among us regarding the use of assessments of attachment quality to inform child custody and child-protection decisions, such assessments are currently most suitable for targeting and directing supportive interventions. Finally, we provide directions to guide future interdisciplinary research collaboration.
Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Trace Level Niobium and Tantalum by Trioctylamine

Studies on the liquid-liquid extraction(LLX) behavior of trace level niobium and tantalum, ^95Nb and ^l82Ta, in HF, HCl, HNO_3 and H_2SO_4 acid media with high molecular weight amine, trioctylamine, under different experimental conditions revealed that the extraction of tantalum is always higher than that of niobium, whatever be the acid or acidity in the aqueous phase. At optimal conditions, quantitative extraction of tantalum and its complete decontamination from niobium has been achieved in HCl and HNO_3 media. In HF and H_2SO_4 media, the coextraction of niobium with tantalum can not, however, be avoided completely, because it has comparatively more affinities for fluoro- or sulfato-complex formation in the respective acid media. The purity and the extents of separation of the tracers by the liquid anion exchanger at different stages have been verified by means of γ -ray spectroscopy.
Kinetics of chalcopyrite dissolution at pH 3

The management of mine wastes and the quantitative forecast of Acid Rock Drainage ( ARD ) generation have aroused widespread interest. In order to be coupled with gas and water flux models, chalcopyrite dissolution kinetics at pH 3, at temperatures from 25 to 70 °C and at variable dissolved oxygen concentrations was studied in flow-through experiments. In the range of conditions under study, the rate of chalcopyrite dissolution is independent of the concentration of dissolved oxygen. This enables chalcopyrite to dissolve throughout the whole waste piles. The rise in temperature from 25 to 70 °C produces an increase of one order of magnitude in the chalcopyrite dissolution rate. As a result of this study, the following expression for chalcopyrite dissolution rate was obtained: \[\mathit{R_{chalcopyrite}}\ =\ 10^{{-}5.52{\pm}0.07}\mathit{e}^{\frac{{-}32{\pm}5}{\mathit{RT}}}\] where R chalcopyrite is the chalcopyrite dissolution rate (molm −2 s −1 ), R is the gas constant (kJmol −1 uK −1 ) and T is the temperature (K). In line with earlier studies carried out under different conditions, iron was released to solution preferentially over copper in all the experiments carried out. XPS examination of the samples showed that reacted surfaces were formed by phases enriched in sulfur and copper (relative to iron) compared with the initial, pristine chalcopyrite surface. However, these surface layers allow the progress of dissolution with out passivating the chalcopyrite surface. According to the apparent activation energy obtained (32±5 kJ mol − 1 ) and to the lack of rate variation with stirring, the chalcopyrite dissolution rate seems to be controlled by surface reactions and is independent of the non-stoichiometric surface layer.