Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The tail plays a major role in the differing manoeuvrability of two sibling species of mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii)

Two sympatrically occurring bat species, the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797)) and the lesser mouse-eared bat (Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857)) (Chiroptera, Vespertillionidae), share numerous similarities in morphology, roosting behaviour, and echolocation and are often difficult to distinguish. However, despite these similarities, their foraging behaviour is noticeably different. Our aim was to examine the extent to which these different foraging strategies reflect morphological adaptation. We assessed whether the morphology of the wing, body, and tail differed between M. myotis and M. blythii. In addition, in a laboratory experiment involving an obstacle course, we compared differences in manoeuvrability by relating them to our morphological measurements. The two species differed in their overall size, wing-tip shape, and tail-to-body length ratio. The generally smaller sized M. blythii performed better in the obstacle course and was therefore considered to be more manoeuvrable. Al.
Comparative nutritional evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck] on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

A fish feeding trial was conducted in a warm-water recirculating system for 8 weeks to assess the nutritive value of processed mucuna seeds as a dietary protein replacement for fish meal in practical diets of tilapia. Diets 2–6 contained mucuna seeds processed as follows: raw, soaked in water, soaked in sodium bicarbonate solution (0.07%), soaked in ascorbic acid solution (0.1%) or soaked in water containing 3% of freeze-dried moringa leaf powder, followed by autoclaving. The mucuna seed meals were then used to replace 25% of the total dietary protein in each diet. The performance of fish fed these diets was compared with fish fed a fish meal-based control diet (diet 1), which contained 35% protein. All diets were prepared to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Each treatment had three replicates, using seven fish per aquarium, with a mean initial body weight of 3.9 ± 0.06 g. Fish were fed five times about their maintenance level (3.0 g feed × body weight (kg)−0.8 day−1), and no mortality was observed during the experiment. The growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein productive value of fish fed diets 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were similar. However, with regard to energy retention and apparent net lipid utilization, the values observed in fish fed diet 1 were similar to those of fish fed diets 5 and 6, and diet 6, and significantly higher than other dietary groups. Fish fed diet 2 showed a significantly (P < 0.05) reduced growth performance, higher carcass moisture and ash contents, and lower levels of lipid and energy compared with all other dietary groups. Fish fed diet 2 had a significantly lower plasma cholesterol level compared with other diets. However, no significant variation of muscle cholesterol was found between the dietary groups. Even though the hepato-somatic index of the fish fed diets 3, 4, 5 and 6 was significantly lower than diet 1, these values appeared to be significantly higher compared with fish fed diet 2. The present study indicates that the inclusion of mucuna seed meal (replacement of 25% of total dietary protein of feed) after soaking in any one of the tested solutions followed by autoclaving significantly improved the growth performance and feed utilization of tilapia compared with that of the raw seeds. Moreover, these values were similar to the performance obtained with the fish meal-based control diet 1. This might be due to the relative reduction of anti-nutrients, particularly the non-protein amino acid 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and increased palatability and nutrient availability of processed beans.
Spiders like Onions: on the Network of Tor Hidden Services

Tor hidden services allow offering and accessing various Internet resources while guaranteeing a high degree of provider and user anonymity. So far, most research work on the Tor network aimed at discovering protocol vulnerabilities to de-anonymize users and services. Other work aimed at estimating the number of available hidden services and classifying them. Something that still remains largely unknown is the structure of the graph defined by the network of Tor services. In this paper, we describe the topology of the Tor graph (aggregated at the hidden service level) measuring both global and local properties by means of well-known metrics. We consider three different snapshots obtained by extensively crawling Tor three times over a 5 months time frame. We separately study these three graphs and their shared “stable” core. In doing so, other than assessing the renowned volatility of Tor hidden services, we make it possible to distinguish time dependent and structural aspects of the Tor graph. Our findings show that, among other things, the graph of Tor hidden services presents some of the characteristics of social and surface web graphs, along with a few unique peculiarities, such as a very high percentage of nodes having no outbound links.
Ecological and biogeographical studies on the tropical rain forest of south Yunnan, SW China with a special reference to its relation with rain forests of tropical Asia

Abstract. Ecological and biogeographic analyses of the tropical rain forest in south Yunnan were made using data from seventeen sample plots and floristic inventories of about 1000 species of seed plants. The rain forest is shown to be a type of true tropical rain forest because it has almost the same profile, physiognomic characteristics, species richness per unit area, numbers of individuals in each tree species and diameter classes of trees as classic lowland tropical rain forests. As the area is at the northern margin of monsoonal tropics, the rain forest differs from equatorial lowland rain forests in having some deciduous trees in the canopy layer, fewer megaphanaerophytes and epiphytes but more species of lianas as well as more species of microphylls. In its floristic composition, about 80% of total families. 94% of total genera and more than 90% of total species are tropical, of which about 38% of genera and 74% of species are tropical Asian. Furthermore, the rain forest has not only almost the same families and genera, but also the same families rank in the top ten both in species richness and in dominance of stems, as lowland forests in southeast Asia. It is indisputable that the flora of the rain forest is part of the tropical Asian flora. However, most of the tropical families and genera have their northern limits in south Yunnan and most have their centre of species diversity in Malesia. More strictly tropical families and genera have relatively lower species richness and importance compared with lowland rain forests in tropical southeast Asia. Thus, the flora also shows characteristics of being at the margin of the tropics.
Periorbital Acquired Dermal Macular Hyperpigmentation: A Distinctive Clinical Entity in Young Adults—Observational Case-Control Study

Introduction: Acquired dermal hyperpigmentation (ADMH) presenting on periorbital region has been described as individual case reports. We tried to characterize the features of periorbital ADMH. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study among our patients who attended the pigmentary clinic during January 2016–December 2017. Clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of subjects who were recruited during the study period were prospectively evaluated. Results: Total 19 subjects (11%) were identified among 177 ADMH patients. Periorbital ADMH patients had a relatively younger age of onset (23.26 ± 11.06 vs. 36.16 ± 13.41, P < 0.001). Dermoscopy of early periorbital ADMH showed only imperceptible speckled blue-gray dots that accentuated at outer-corner creases of eyes (the “outer-corner crease sign”). Clinicopathological features and prognosis of periorbital ADMH were similar to that of ADMH per se. Conclusion: Periorbital ADMH should be considered as a differential diagnosis of periorbital hyperpigmentation in children and young adults. Outer-corner crease sign on dermoscopy may help to rule out other differentials in its early presentation.
Determinants of the Very Low-Birth-Weight Infant's Intestinal Microbiome

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. The intestinal microbiome is the genetic material from microorganisms residing in the intestinal tract. Very low-birth-weight infants (VLBW; birth weight ≤1500 g) are a physiologically compromised population undergoing a unique period of initial intestinal microbiome establishment. Evidence supports a connection between the intestinal microbiome and gastrointestinal illness that disproportionately affects VLBW infants. Necrotizing enterocolitis, an inflammatory and often necrotic condition of the intestine, and late-onset sepsis, a bloodstream infection occurring after 3 days of life, are thought to be associated with delayed or abnormal intestinal microbiome development. Here, we review the determinants, or factors, that influence the VLBW infant's intestinal microbiome and discuss clinical implications. PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CINAHL were systematically searched for publications addressing factors with the potential to affect the intestinal microbiome of VLBW infants. Results indicate that infant's age and weight, mode of delivery, antibiotic exposure, medication use, feeding regime, environment, and perinatal-/infant-associated factors may be important determinants of the microbiome in this vulnerable population. Clinicians have opportunities to support positive development of the VLBW infant's intestinal microbiome through antibiotic stewardship, support of human milk feeding, and hygienic care practices.
Cherry leaf-roll virus.

SUMMARY A virus was transmitted consistently by sap inoculation from cherry trees with leaf-roll disease to herbaceous indicator plants, from tobacco to Prunus avium and from P. avium to P. pennsylvanica. Herbaceous host reactions, physical properties and particle size and shape of the virus were similar to those of arabis mosaic, raspberry ringspot and tomato black-ring viruses. Plant protection and gel-diffusion serological tests indicated that cherry leaf-roll virus is distinct from arabis mosaic, raspberry ringspot, tomato black-ring, tobacco ringspot and tomato ringspot viruses.
Online Teaching in Medical Training: Establishing Good Online Teaching Practices from Cumulative Experience

Online teaching has the potential to transcend geographical boundaries, is flexible, learner centered and can help students develop self-directed learning skills. The recently introduced competency-based curriculum has also advocated e-learning as an indispensable tool for self-directed learning. For effective online learning, good online teaching practices should be adopted. These include alignment of online teaching and learning with delivery of curriculum and objectives, synchronous, and asynchronous interaction between teacher and student, encouraging the development of higher-order thinking skills, active learning, and self-directed learning in students. In addition, good online teaching practices should have an inbuilt component of feedback and provide for effective time management, respect for diverse talents and ways of learning with continuous monitoring and mentoring of the learners. Online assessments, both formative and summative should also aim to ensure student involvement in the process. Capacity building of faculty through faculty development programs for the development of specific competencies such as social competency, pedagogical competency, managerial competency, and technical competency in the times of COVID-19 is now recognized as the need of the hour. Although online teaching and learning in medical education is new, it has the potential to become mainstream in future.
Treatment Outcomes of Patients Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy under the National Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Control Programme

Introduction: The free antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiative of the Government of India was launched on April 1, 2004, since then it is being scaled up in a phased manner. The aim of this study was to analyze the treatment outcome of patients receiving first-line ART through the National Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Control Programme of India. Materials and Methods: This was an record-based retrospective analysis of data of patients who were put on ART from January 2009 to December 2009. Results: Of the 548 patients (63.87% males; median age of 37 years), 55% of patients were employed and majority of them have low monthly income. Patients showed a significant improvement in clinical and functional status after staring ART therapy, as percentage of patients in clinical Stage 1 increased significantly (from 35.5% to 90.3%) and that of Stage 3 and 4 decreased drastically. Ninety percent of patients were working, and none was bedridden after 2 years of ART. Patients with >95% adherence to ART showed more improvement than those with <95% adherence (40% patients). The median increase in cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count was 134 cells/mm3 at 6 months, 185 cells/mm3 at 12 months, and 255 cells/mm3 at 24 months. Majority of patients died in clinical staging 4 with CD4 cell count <50 cells/mm3. Over 2 year's period, 20% patients died and 9.31% were lost to follow-ups (LFUs). Conclusion: Early detection, timely treatment, and long-term adherence are the keys for the success of ART programme in India; it is of utmost importance to do intense Information Education Communication/Behavioral Change Communication, regular monitoring, up-to-date record keeping, tracking of LFUs, and triangulation and data analysis for timely action and for consolidation of success made so far.
Red Cell Distribution Width as a Predictor of Malignancy in Patients Who Underwent Upper Gastrointestinal System Endoscopy

Introduction: Red cell distribution width (RDW) has predictive properties in different benign and malignant diseases. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the predictive value of RDW for malignant gastric lesions by upper gastrointestinal screening. Materials and Methods: Data of 91 male patients (Group A) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and subsequent surgery for gastric malignancy and age-matched 91 healthy male patients (Group B) with benign disorders were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. The pathology reports, laboratory parameters, and demographics of the patients were recorded for comparison. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for RDW, and a threshold for prediction of malignancy was calculated. Results: The average age of the patients with gastric cancer was 62 (interquartile range [IQR]: 53–70) years. The difference in RDW levels between Group A and Group B was found to be significant: 14.40% (IQR: 13.40–16.40) versus 13.10% (IQR: 12.55–13.50) for the malignant and benign groups, respectively, P = 0.000. The area under the curve was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–0.86), P = 0.000. For the threshold of 13.45%, the positive predictive value (PPV) for malignancy was found to be 69.15 (95% CI: 61.77–75.67) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 70.45 (95% CI: 62.60–77.26). Conclusion: RDW was found to have a PPV for malignancy in nearly two-thirds of the patients and had a similar NPV.
Induction of apoptosis and role of paclitaxel-loaded hyaluronic acid-crosslinked nanoparticles in the regulation of AKT and RhoA

Cancer is a complex multifactorial disease and leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the development of many anticancer drugs, there is a reduced survival rate due to severe side effects. The nontargeted approach of convention drugs is one of the leading players in context to toxicity. Hyaluronan is a versatile bio-polymer and ligand of the receptor (CD44) on cancer cells. The MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines treated with hyaluronic acid-paclitaxel (HA-PTX) showed the distinguishing morphological features of apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis showed that HA-PTX induces apoptosis as a significant mode of cell death. The activation level of tumor suppressor protein (p53) increased after PTX treatment in MCF-7, but no changes observed in HT-29 might be due to hereditary mutations. The lack of suppression in AKT and Rho A protein suggest the use of possible inhibitors in future studies which might could play a role in increasing the sensitivity of drug towards mutated cells line and reducing the possibilities for cancer cell survival, migration, and metastasis.
Increasing Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Producing CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Carbapenemase, and NDM-1 in Patients from a Rural Community with Community Acquired Infections: A 3-Year Study

Background: Increasing prevalence of community-acquired infections (CAIs) due to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), especially the Cefotaxime-Munich (CTX-M) type, carbapenemase, and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), has been reported globally posing a serious public health threat that has complicated treatment strategies for Gram-negative bacterial infections. While most of the reports in this regard are based on hospitalized patients from the urban community, there is a paucity of data in a rural community presenting with CAIs. Materials and Methods: A total of 1275 strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated over a period of 3 years from patients with CAIs were subjected to the detection of ESBL by double-disc synergy test; carbapenemase by modified Hodge test; metallo-β-lactamase by MIC test strip metallo-β-lactamase (MBL); and blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaNDMgenes by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Among 1275 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated during the study period, 773 (60.6%), 102 (8%), and 28 (2.2%) isolates were detected as ESBL, carbapenemase and MBL producers, respectively. Of the 773 ESBL producers, 635 (82.1%) were found to harbor blaCTX-M genes, and of the 102 carbapenemase producers, 12 (11.8%) were found to harbor blaNDMgenes. Gene sequencing of all the 12 NDM-positive isolates revealed blaNDM-1 genes. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the ESBL-positive isolates revealed a high degree of co-resistance to noncephalosporin antibiotics such as amoxyclav, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones. Conclusion: The present study showed the increasing the prevalence of ESBL including CTX-M variety, carbapenemase production by E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, and spread of NDM-1 in the patients from the rural community of North India.
Pinhole Surgical Technique – A Novel Minimally Invasive Approach for Treatment of Multiple Gingival Recession Defects: A Case Series

Gingival recessions are one of the most prevalent periodontal diseases. Hypersensitivity and esthetics are the major concerns associated with recession defects. There are various treatment modalities for its management, but recently, minimally invasive techniques have gained much importance because of lower patient morbidity and comparable results when compared to conventional techniques. This case series represents a 6-month follow-up of a recently introduced pinhole surgical technique where the percentage of root coverage was found to be statistically significant.
Isolated Fallopian Tube Torsion: A Rare Twist with a Diagnostic Challenge That May Compromise Fertility

Isolated Fallopian tube torsion (IFTT) is a rare entity with utmost important gynecological emergency with difficult preoperative diagnosis. Our aim is to analyze the clinical presentation, risk factors, and management of IFTT. We retrospectively analyzed all patients with intraoperative diagnosis of IFTT in our endogynecological department over a time period of 3 years and 6 months (January 2015–June 2018) in a tertiary level laparoscopic center. The clinical profile of the patients was analyzed and the results formulated. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS system, Version 15.00 (SPSS Inc., Chicago). A total 17 cases were diagnosed with IFTT with or without pathology. The mean age was 28.07 ± 11.3 years. Lower abdominal pain was the most common symptom (88%). About 47% had a history of tubal ligation. Salpingectomy was done in the majority of the patients (82.3%). Detorsion and preservation of the tube was possible in 17.6% of the cases. High index of suspicion is needed to diagnose this rare cause of acute abdomen. Hence, an early intervention can enhance the salvageability of the affected tubes which has a positive impact on the fertility status of the patients. Tubal preservation is the preferred procedure of choice whenever feasible.
Assessment of phylogenetic relationship among twenty Curcuma species in Thailand using amplified fragment length polymorphism marker

Plants in the genus Curcuma are a rhizomatous perennial herb which is widely distributed in Thailand. It has long been known for their uses as folk medicines, foods, spices, and cosmetics. However, the identification of plants in the genus Curcuma is very difficult due to morphological similarity in the early flowering stage. Recently, the molecular technique is one of the reliable and powerful tools for plant identification. In this study, the genetic relationship among twenty Curcuma species from Thailand was accessed by the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method. AFLP fingerprint showed 98.54% highly polymorphisms with the number of bands (617 bands) ranging between 48 and 80 bands. The dendrogram generated from the unweighted pair group method of the arithmetic average could separate these Curcuma species into three major clusters. Cluster I can be subdivided into IA, which composed of Curcuma parviflora, Curcuma sparganiifolia, Curcuma alismatifolia, Curcuma larsenii, Curcuma Gracillima, and Curcuma rhabdota with similarity index (SI) 0.7926–0.9358 and IB composed of Curcuma petiolata and Curcuma rubrobracteata with the SI 0.9240. Cluster II can be subdivided into IIA being composed of Curcuma longa, Curcuma Zedoaria, and Curcuma aromatica with the SI 0.8989–0.9071, whereas Cluster IIB was composed of Curcuma leucorrhiza, Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma comosa, Curcuma mangga, Curcuma angustifolia, Curcuma amada, Curcuma sessilis, and Curcuma albicoma with the SI 0.8236–0.9500. Cluster III belongs to Curcuma singularis and Alpinia galanga (outgroup plant), which clearly separated into different clusters from twenty Curcuma species. In summary, the ten successful AFLP primer combinations could be used to determine the genetic relationship among closely related twenty Curcuma species in Thailand.