Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pseudodiagnoses of Malingering of Neuropsychological Symptoms in Survivors of Car Accidents by the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology

Background: The Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) is a widely used test allegedly designed for detection of malingering medical symptomatology. Even a brief perusal of its 75 True-False items reveals that too many of these list legitimate medical symptoms, in particular, symptoms within the postconcussion-whiplash spectrum, as experienced by survivors of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). The present study examined conceptual overlap of SIMS items with symptoms assessed by the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and also with symptoms assessed by the scale of Post-MVA Neurological Symptoms (PMNS). Materials and Method: De-identified archival data of 98 patients (mean age 42.2 years, SD=14.3, 38 males, 60 females) containing scores on Rivermead and PMNS were tabulated to list frequencies of each endorsed symptom. Next to these symptoms, SIMS items were tabulated which conceptually overlap with legitimate postconcussive or post-whiplash neuropsychological signs listed in Rivermead and PMNS. Results: More than a half of the 75 SIMS items could be potentially endorsed by post-MVA patients due to their neuropsychological symptoms, without any intent to malinger. Each of the SIMS items counts one point towards a cutoff point of > 14: thus, the majority of post-MVA patients are likely to be misclassified by SIMS as malingerers. Many of the other remaining SIMS items could be endorsed by non-malingering patients with some other medical conditions such as acute schizophrenia, or low intelligence, etc. Almost no SIMS items appear suited to reliably differentiate malingerers from legitimate medical patients. Discussion and Conclusions: A thorough review of all 75 SIMS items suggests that most of them would not adequately differentiate non-malingering persons from malingerers: the items were included in the SIMS without their author’s sufficient knowledge of the wide range of possible psychopathology and of other medical conditions. This is consistent with the lack of satisfactorily designed validation studies of the SIMS that would meet standards of the American Psychological Association for tests meant to perform diagnostic tasks. The rates of false positive with SIMS are unacceptably high: clinical use of SIMS implies malpractice.
Properties of Wax Extracted from Banana Leaves

Three banana varieties were used to recover waxes from banana leaves. Wax yields of Musa liukiuensis, M. acuminata and M. chilicarpa were 0.58%, 1.05% and 1.41% per dry weight, respectively. The melting point of banana waxes were 78 - 82 °C, were higher than commercial natural waxes except carunauba wax. The components of M. chilicarpa were similar to carunauba wax by thin layer chromatography analysis. Fatty acids with carbon numbers ranging from C14 to C30 were detected in M. chilicarpa leaf wax after saponification. C22 fatty acid was most abundant in these fatty acids.
Interpreting Multi-Head Attention in Abstractive Summarization

Attention mechanisms in deep learning architectures have often been used as a means of transparency and, as such, to shed light on the inner workings of the architectures. Recently, there has been a growing interest in whether or not this assumption is correct. In this paper we investigate the interpretability of multi-head attention in abstractive summarization, a sequence-to-sequence task for which attention does not have an intuitive alignment role, such as in machine translation. We ﬁrst introduce three metrics to gain insight in the focus of attention heads and observe that these heads specialize towards relative positions, speciﬁc part-of-speech tags, and named entities. However, we also ﬁnd that ablating and pruning these heads does not lead to a signiﬁcant drop in performance, indicating redundancy. By re-placing the softmax activation functions with a sparsemax activation functions we ﬁnd that attention heads behave seemingly more transparent: we can ablate fewer heads and the heads score higher on our interpretability metrics. However, if we apply pruning to the sparsemax model, we ﬁnd that we can prune even more heads this time, raising the question whether enforced sparsity actually improves transparency. Finally, we ﬁnd that heads focused on relative positions seem integral to summarization performance and persistently remain after pruning.
Mapping Center Pivot Irrigation Systems in the Southern Amazon from Sentinel-2 Images

Irrigation systems play an important role in agriculture. Center pivot irrigation systems are popular in many countries as they are labor-saving and water consumption efficient. Monitoring the distribution of center pivot irrigation systems can provide important information for agricultural production, water consumption and land use. Deep learning has become an effective method for image classification and object detection. In this paper, a new method to detect the precise shape of center pivot irrigation systems is proposed. The proposed method combines a lightweight real-time object detection network (PVANET) based on deep learning, an image classification model (GoogLeNet) and accurate shape detection (Hough transform) to detect and accurately delineate center pivot irrigation systems and their associated circular shape. PVANET is lightweight and fast and GoogLeNet can reduce the false detections associated with PVANET, while Hough transform can accurately detect the shape of center pivot irrigation systems. Experiments with Sentinel-2 images in Mato Grosso achieved a precision of 95% and a recall of 95.5%, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, with the accurate shape of center pivot irrigation systems detected, the area of irrigation in the region was estimated.
On the Naturalness and Localness of Software Logs

Logs are an essential part of the development and maintenance of large and complex software systems as they contain rich information pertaining to the dynamic content and state of the system. As such, developers and practitioners rely heavily on the logs to monitor their systems. In parallel, the increasing volume and scale of the logs, due to the growing complexity of modern software systems, renders the traditional way of manual log inspection insurmountable. Consequently, to handle large volumes of logs efficiently and effectively, various prior research aims to automate the analysis of log files. Thus, in this paper, we begin with the hypothesis that log files are natural and local and these attributes can be applied for automating log analysis tasks. We guide our research with six research questions with regards to the naturalness and localness of the log files, and present a case study on anomaly detection and introduce a tool for anomaly detection, called ANALOG, to demonstrate how our new findings facilitate the automated analysis of logs.
Enriching College Students’ Leadership Efficacy

The purpose of this study was to examine whether undergraduates’ participation in 12 different leadership trainings, workshops, conferences, or programs was associated with students’ leadership efficacy. We used data from the Multi-Institutional Study of Leadership survey, which eight of the Big 10 institutions administered to students in spring 2018. The results suggest that students’ participation in shorter-term or moderate-term experiences—a leadership conference, retreat, lecture/workshop series, course, or positional leadership training—was positively associated with students’ leadership efficacy. We therefore encourage leadership educators and practitioners in higher education to consider the duration of their programs to maximize students’ outcomes.
Analysis of antibody data using Finite Mixture Models based on Scale Mixtures of Skew-Normal distributions

Finite mixture models have been widely used in antibody (or serological) data analysis in order to help classifying individuals into either antibody-positive or antibody-negative. The most popular models are the so-called Gaussian mixture models which assume a Normal distribution for each component of a mixture. In this work, we propose the use of finite mixture models based on a flexible class of scale mixtures of Skew-Normal distributions for serological data analysis. These distributions are sufficiently flexible to describe right and left asymmetry often observed in the distributions associated with hypothetical antibody-negative and antibody-positive individuals, respectively. We illustrate the advantage of these alternative mixture models with a data set of 406 individuals in which antibodies against six different human herpesviruses were measured in the context of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
S0950268818000316jra 627..632

Transmission of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) often occurs in households. The aim of this study was to assess which proportion of ARI and AGE is introduced and transmitted by children in German households with children attending child care. We recruited families with children aged 0–6 years in Braunschweig (Germany), for a 4 months prospective cohort study in the winter period 2014/2015. Every household member was included in a health diary and used nasal swabs for pathogen identification in case of ARI. We defined a transmission if two persons had overlapping periods with symptoms and used additional definitions for sensitivity analyses. In total, 77 households participated with 282 persons. We observed 277 transmission events for ARI and 23 for AGE. In most cases, the first infected person in a household was a child (ARI: 63%, AGE: 53%), and the risk of within-household transmission was two times higher when the index case was a child. In 26 ARI-transmission events, pathogens were detected for both cases; hereof in 35% (95% confidence interval (17–56%)) the pathogens were different. Thus, symptomatic infections in household members, apparently linked in time, were in 2/3 associated with the same pathogens.
Protocol for disease-oriented Russian disc degeneration study (RuDDS) biobank facilitating functional omics studies of lumbar disc degeneration

Introduction Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) disease is one of the main risk factors for low back pain. The social and economic importance of low back pain is very high: back pain is among the leading causes of absenteeism and the cost of treating back pain exceeds the cost of treatment of many other serious diseases (cancer, in particular); however, therapy does not always provide the desired result. Despite the variability of biological studies of lumbar DD, it is still not fully understood, partially due to the fact that there are only few studies using systematic and integrative approaches. Hence, more integrative omics studies are needed to link all pieces of knowledge together, build a complete picture of biology of lumbar DD and obtain a deeper understanding of the processes underlying this pathology. Methods and analysis This disease-oriented biobank to study lumbar disc degeneration will be recruited from two clinical centers. A total of 1100 participants with available lumbar MRI will be enrolled during the three-year period. General information about a patient, medical history, lumbar MRI parameters and biological material (whole blood and plasma) will be collected in the centers at baseline. Then, from those patients, who will undergo a spine surgery during the treatment, disc tissue samples will be gained. Eventually, postoperative clinical data will be collected from operated patients during the follow-up. Ethics and dissemination The study will be performed according to the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of NRITO ([numero]034/20 dated 02 Oct 2020) and by the Local Ethical Committee of Priorov CITO ([numero]1/21 dated 25 Feb 2021). Preliminary and final results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals, at national and international congresses.
Combined X-ray single-crystal and neutron powder refinement of modulated structures and application to the incommensurately modulated structure of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y

A method is described for the refinement of modulated structures from a combined set of single-crystal and powder diffraction data or from powder data only. The method is especially useful when information on light atoms is to be obtained and no single crystals of suitable size for neutron diffraction are available. The program in which the method is encoded allows for differences in composition between the single-crystal and powder samples. Application to the incommensurately modulated superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y (2212) using powder neutron and single-crystal X-ray data confirms that the oxygen modulation in the Bi–O layer is saw-tooth-like, as observed in the preceding study based solely on X-ray data [Petricek, Gao, Lee & Coppens (1990). Phys. Rev. B, 42, 387–392], but with improved accuracy in the resulting parameters. The extra oxygen content is explicitly related to the modulation model and corresponds to 0.14–(4) per formula unit. With the refined site occupancies for the heavy atoms and the results of an anomalous-scattering study on the bismuth distribution [Coppens, Lee, Gao & Sheu (1991). J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 52, 1267–1272], a copper valency of 2.31 is obtained for the single-crystal sample. The powder value of 2.40 is somewhat less reliable as no anomalous-scattering data are available for the powder sample.
Effects of Manure Composts and Their Combination with Inorganic Fertilizer on Acid Soil Properties and the Growth of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

ABSTRACT The influences of manure composts and their combination with inorganic fertilizer on soil properties and growth of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were investigated in a pot experiment in a nethouse during the autumn–winter season of 2013. The experimental design included 11 treatments and 1 control, and was based on similar amounts of total nitrogen in equivalent treatments. The treatments were application rates for a pot of 400, 800, and 1200 g of cattle manure compost (2.1% total N); 336, 672, and 1008 g of poultry manure compost (2.5% total N); 70 g of NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Postassium) (12-18-12) fertilizer; and a combination of both composts with 70 g of NPK fertilizer. The soil chemical properties determined at three stages (before planting, flowering, and after harvesting) included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter content (OMC), mineral-N of soil, and morphological and fruit parameters of muskmelon. The results showed that the application of manure composts improved pH, EC, OMC, and mineral-N of the soil at all sampling periods resulting in increasing the productivity of muskmelon. At equivalent application rates, poultry manure compost resulted in more efficient muskmelon growth compared to cattle manure compost. Moreover, combined treatments of NPK fertilizer and organic fertilizer obtained greater muskmelon biomass compared to simple compost treatments. The treatment of 70 g of NPK fertilizer + 672 g of poultry manure compost gave the best condition for muskmelon performance by improving soil chemical properties.
Vibrational Analysis and Isotope Effects in Hydrogen Selenide

Values of the band origins for the near‐infrared rotation—vibration bands v1+v2, v2+v3, 2v1+v3, v1+2v3, 3v1, and 3v1+v3 of H280Se were determined directly from their respective PPJ (J) and RRJ (J) lines. A vibrational analysis of the band origins of these six bands, of four previously analyzed combination bands, and of the three fundamentals led to values for the zero‐order frequencies, anharmonic constants, and the interaction matrix element for a second‐order resonance between levels of the type (v1, v2, v3) and (v1−2, v2, v3+2). Values for the isotopic band center separations Δv0≡v0 (H280Se) —v0 (H2iSe) and for ΔC0≡80C0−iC 0, where i=82, 78, 77, and 76, were obtained from the observed isotopic separations of the PPJ (J) and RRJ (J) lines for several bands. These empirical values of Δv0 are compared with a set of theoretical values calculated using Krimm's approximate isotopic frequency rule and the vibrational constants for H280Se. Values of iA0, iB0, and iC0 were calculated by combining our values of .
A variational approach to charged polymer chains: Polymer mediated interactions

A variational approach, based on a quadratic trial Hamiltonian is used to determine the configurational as well as the mechanical properties of a system composed of two point charges plus a neutralizing charged polymer, considered as a model of polyelectrolyte–macroion interactions. The quadratic variational ansatz used in the context of charged polymers presents a variant of the Feynman–Kleinert approach properly generalized to include polymer self‐interactions. Conditions for chain localization in the field of a point charge are derived and its consequences for polymer‐mediated forces between two point charges are analyzed. It is established that in three dimensions the polymer can confer long range attraction to nominally equally charged point ions. At small separations, the polymer mediated force is elastic in origin, stemming from the soft electrostatic anchoring of the chain to both point charges, but with a force constant much stronger than expected from entropic elasticity alone. At large separati.
Simultaneous Observation of Volatility of Zr, Hf, and Rf Chlorides

The group 4 elements zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) have quite similar chemical properties and the chlorides of these two elements in a macro amount have almost equal volatility. The first transactinide rutherfordium (Rf) is a group 4 element of the periodic table and is expected to have the chemical property similar to those of Zr and Hf. The modern relativistic molecular orbital calculation predicts that RfCl4 is slightly more volatile than ZrCl4 and HfCl4, whereas the simple extrapolation of classic periodic trend predicts a less volatile property for RfCl4. An isothermal gas chromatograph is a widely used tool to inspect the relative volatility of the chloride of the group 4 elements and used frequently to compare the volatility of transactinide elements with their homologues. Türler et al. reported that the chlorides of Hf and Rf had quite similar volatility. On the other hand, Kadkhodayan et al. reported that ZrCl4 and RfCl4 had almost equal volatility and HfCl4 was less volatile than ZrCl4 and RfCl4. These two experiments were carried out by using tracer scale samples. Thus, the observed trend needs not coincide with that shown in Reference 1. However, the two research groups claimed obviously the difierent trend of the volatility of Zr, Hf, and Rf. These two previous findings were obtained by observing separately the volatility of each element. Therefore, there is a doubt whether each experiment was carried out exactly in the identical condition. Türler et al. re-investigated the volatility of HfCl4 and RfCl4 by observing simultaneously their isothermal chromatograms and reported that RfCl4 was more volatile than HfCl4. But they did not observe the volatility of ZrCl4. As described above, the volatility of the chlorides of the group 4 elements including Rf is a still challenging research target in modern chemistry. The objective of this work is to examine the trend of the volatility of ZrCl4, HfCl4, and RfCl4 by inspecting simultaneously recorded their isothermal gas chromatograms.
Multielement adsorption of metal ions using Tururi fibers (Manicaria Saccifera): experiments, mathematical modeling and numerical simulation

AbstractA numerical and experimental study of the multielement adsorption of Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ metal ions in batch and column system were carried out in aqueous solution using Tururi fibers as adsorbent. The kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium parameters were studied. The adsorption kinetics was fitted to the homogeneous diffusion model and the results showed good linear correlation coefficients. Furthermore, a mathematical model was built to describe the mass transfer kinetics for fixed bed column tests. The effects of constant adsorption equilibrium, external mass transfer, and intraparticle diffusion resistance on breakthrough curves were studied. The equations which describe the phenomenology were discretized using the finite volumes method with the weight upstream differencing scheme and central difference scheme formulations. The results for the breakthrough curves obtained through simulation showed good agreement compared with the experimental data.
Effect of Grade on the Relationship Between Flow and Occupancy on Freeways

In this paper, 30-sec data for the median lane of a freeway section with significant grades are used to explore how the uncongested flow-occupancy function is affected by grade, as well as to examine the implication of this effect for Incident detection logic. The results accord with Intuition: significant grades cause differences in speed at affected locations, resulting in differences in occupancy for a given flow. The size of the difference depends not only on the grades at each location but also on the vertical profile of the upstream sections and on the prevailing flow. Distinct flow-occupancy functions are required for each affected location, and because the effect of the grade might vary with environmental and traffic operating coodjtlons, it appea.rs desirable to cootlnuously update these functions on line in traffic m3nagcmcnt systems. TWs task appears to be fca Ible and I expected to improve the efficiency of occupancy-based detection algorithms.
Getting Started with Corporate Open Source Governance: A Case Study Evaluation of Industry Best Practices

Open source software usage in companies is on the rise, often resulting in lower development costs, higher quality, and quick availability of code. However, using open source software in products comes with legal, business, and technical risks. Experienced companies prevent and address these risks through corporate open source governance. In our previous work, we studied how top-tier companies got started with corporate open source governance. We proposed a set of industry best practices on the topic, using the practical format of interconnected context-problem-solution patterns. In this study, we put the proposed state-of-the-art practices to the test by evaluating their real-life application in a case study at a Germany-based multibillion-dollar corporation with products in four distinct industries and more than 17000 employees worldwide. In the course of two and a half years, we conducted 35 semi-structured employee interviews and workshops in five divisions of the company to assess the initial situation of open source governance, the process of getting started with governance following our recommendations, and the outcomes. In this paper, we report the results of this longitudinal case study by presenting the artifacts created while getting started with open source governance, as well as the transferability evaluation of the proposed best practices, both individually and collectively. product transition policy,