Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The DNA Alkyltransferase Family of DNA Repair Proteins: Common Mechanisms, Diverse Functions

DNA alkyltransferase and alkyltransferase-like family proteins are responsible for the repair of highly mutagenic and cytotoxic O6-alkylguanine and O4-alkylthymine bases in DNA. Their mechanism involves binding to the damaged DNA and flipping the base out of the DNA helix into the active site pocket in the protein. Alkyltransferases then directly and irreversibly transfer the alkyl group from the base to the active site cysteine residue. In contrast, alkyltransferase-like proteins recruit nucleotide excision repair components for O6-alkylguanine elimination. One or more of these proteins are found in all kingdoms of life, and where this has been determined, their overall DNA repair mechanism is strictly conserved between organisms. Nevertheless, between species, subtle as well as more extensive differences that affect target lesion preferences and/or introduce additional protein functions have evolved. Examining these differences and their functional consequences is intricately entwined with understanding the details of their DNA repair mechanism(s) and their biological roles. In this review, we will present and discuss various aspects of the current status of knowledge on this intriguing protein family.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING DISCIPLINE AND LEARNING MOTIVATION ON SELF-REGULATED LEARNING WITH PARENTING PATTERNS AS A MODERATING VARIABLE

This research is motivated by internal factors such as learning discipline and learning motivation also external factors such as parenting patterns that can influence self-regulated learning. This study aims to determine the influence of learning discipline on self-regulated learning, the influence of learning motivation on self-regulated learning, the influence of learning discipline on self-regulated learning with parenting patterns as a moderating variable and the influence of learning motivation on self-regulated learning with parenting patterns as a moderating variable. This type of research is a quantitative research with a survey method. The affordable population used was 143 students with a sample of 105 students. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of learning discipline on self-regulated learning
High‐temperature deformation of enstatite aggregates

Synthesized polycrystalline enstatite samples were deformed in a Paterson gas‐medium apparatus at 1200–1300°C, oxygen fugacity buffered at Ni/NiO, and confining pressures of 300 MPa (protoenstatite field) or 450 MPa (orthoenstatite field). At both confining pressures, the mechanical data display a progressive increase of the stress exponent from n = 1 to n~3 with increasing differential stress, suggesting a transition from diffusional to dislocation creep. Nonlinear least squares fits to the high‐stress data yielded dislocation creep flow laws with a stress exponent of 3 and activation energies of 600 and 720 kJ/mol for orthoenstatite and protoenstatite, respectively. Deformed samples were analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Microstructures show undulatory extinction and kink bands, evidence of dislocation processes. Crystallographic preferred orientations measured by electron backscatter diffraction are axisymmetric and indicate preferential slip on (100)[001]. Most deformed grains comprise an interlayering of orthoenstatite and clinoenstatite lamellae. While many lamellae may have formed during quenching from run conditions, those in samples deformed in the orthoenstatite field are often bordered by partial [001] dislocations, suggesting transformation due to glide of partial [001] dislocations in (100) planes. Comparison of our orthoenstatite creep law with those for dislocation creep of olivine indicates that orthoenstatite deforms about a factor of 2 slower than olivine at our experimental conditions. However, as orthoenstatite has a higher activation energy and smaller stress exponent than olivine, this strength difference is likely smaller at the higher temperatures and lower stresses expected in much of the upper mantle.
Assessment of Physiological and Psychological Dependence on Tobacco

Objectives: Smoking is recognized as the most important preventable public health problem in the world with known carcinogenic, mutagenic and addictive effects on many organs and systems. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted with 380 first-year students of Trakya University who were tobacco users in the 2020-2021 academic year. The 62-question questionnaire included questions about socio-demographic characteristics and smoking, as well as the 6-question Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test (FTND) and the 25-question Test to Assess the Psychological Dependence on Smoking (TAPDS). Results: Our study consisted of 185 male (48.69%) and 195 female (51.31%) students. Of the participants, 94 (24.73%) were from health-related faculties and 286 (75.27%) were from non-health-related faculties. It was observed that 364 (95.78%) of the participants smoked cigarettes and 16 (4.22%) used non-cigarette tobacco products. When the participants were classified according to their FTND scores, the most crowded category was very “slightly addicted” with 210 participants (55.27%), while the most crowded category was “moderately addicted” with 190 participants (50%) according to their TAPDS scores. It was also observed that using cigarettes as a tobacco product, having a smoker in the family and living alone at home made a statistically significant difference for both physical and psychological addiction. In our study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant, linear, same-directional and moderate relationship between physical dependence and psychological dependence. Conclusion: In order to better understand the factors affecting smoking addiction and to make individualized treatment selection, it is important to differentiate between physical and psychological addiction.
Climate Changes in the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Three Decades

The Tibetan Plateau is one of the best places to study global climate change. Aridity or humidity status of land surface is an important outcome that has close relations with a set of climatic factors such as precipitation, temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind, but the relationship between them is complicated. This paper calculated potential evapotranspiration by applying Penman-Monteith model which was recommended by FAO in 1998, and aridity index by Vyshotskii model to indicate aridity or humidity status of the Tibetan Plateau during the period 1971-2000. Then it analyzed the changing trends of observed climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) and calculated factors (potential evapotranspiration and aridity index), and showed the spatial distribution of aridity/humidity status over the Tibetan Plateau during the period 1971-2000. Trends calculated by linear regression were tested through Mann-Kendall test. Results of 77 meteorological stations on the Tibetan Plateau showed that the main trends of climate change are temperature rise and precipitation increase; potential evapotranspiration decrease and most of the areas was ascending to more humid status. Results suggested that aridity or humidity status cannot be presented only with precipitation.
A palynological study of honey from four vegetation zones of Nigeria

L'analyse pollinique de sept echantillons de miel provenant de sept lieux differents, repartis dans quatre zones de vegetation au Nigeria, a permis d'identifier cinquante-six types polliniques appartenant a trente-cinq familles. Les plantes les plus nectariferes sont Butyrospermum paradoxum, Parkia clappertoniana, Prosopis africana, Crossopteryx febrifuga, Elaeis guineensis, Irvingia gabonensis et Nicotiana tabacum. On a pu detecter l'origine geographique ainsi que la periode de production du miel, et l'associer a des types de vegetation bien definis
A Comparative Analysis of the Suppressor Activity of Tobacco mosaic virus Proteins in the Tomato Plant

Plant viral suppressors are proteins which have the capability of inhibiting induced host antiviral RNA interference. RNA silencing is part of the cellular machinery that controls the translation of transcripts, and plays a major role in the defense against virus infections. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-encoded proteins (Replicase, Movement and Coat proteins) were expressed in pCAMBIA1302 vector, and the suppressor strength was checked on the tomato plant. The suppression activity was detected by assaying for GFP fluorescence at 3dpi, 5dpi, 7dpi and 10dpi. Phenotypic observations were corroborated with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results indicated that TMV suppressors of the gene silencing are the coat protein.
Baltoscandian margin, Sveconorwegian crust lost by subduction during Caledonian collisional orogeny

Abstract Underthrusting of Laurentia by the continental margin of Baltica during Caledonian orogeny resulted in the lateral emplacement of Iapetus Ocean-related terranes of the Upper Allochthon at least 500 km onto Baltica. The underlying Lower and Middle allochthons of the Baltoscandian margin mostly comprise Cryogenian, Ediacaran and Cambro-Silurian sedimentary successions; basement to these formations are present only as minor, isolated fragments, except at the base of the Middle Allochthon and within the underlying windows. The upper parts of the Middle Allochthon are notable for the presence of early Ediacaran dyke-swarms and other components of the Baltoscandian continent–ocean transition zone (COT). New data are presented here on the c. 610 Ma age of the COT-related dolerites in the Kalak Nappe Complex in Northern Norway and also on detrital zircons in the underlying Laksefjord and Gaissa nappes. The former confirms that the Baltoscandian COT has a similar age along the length of the orogen; the latter shows that the detrital zircon signatures in the Lower and Middle allochthons are comparable throughout the orogen. These sedimentary rocks have dominating populations of Mesoproterozoic to latest Palaeoproterozoic zircons similar to those from southern parts of the orogen, where Sveconorwegian complexes comprise the basement to the Caledonides. Thus, they help define the probable character and age of the crystalline basement that existed along this outer margin of Baltica during the Neoproterozoic, continental lower crust that was partly subducted during Ordovician continent-arc collision and subsequently lost beneath Laurentia during the 50 million years of Scandian collisional orogeny.
Gastrointestinal Manifestations Are Associated with Severe COVID-19 in Children

Purpose: Although less severe than in adults, children can experience a range of COVID-19 symptoms, from asymptomatic to life-threatening, including respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical conditions may also increase the severity of the disease in infected children. Methods: This study was performed at a single center, comparing cases and controls, and involving 253 pediatric patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Two different outcomes were assessed. The first categorized symptomatic individuals who were hospitalized with COVID-19 (hospital) from those who were not (nonhospital). The second categorized admitted individuals who spent at least one day in the intensive care unit (ICU) from those who did not require intensive care (floor). Results: Ninety individuals (36%) had at least one underlying medical condition, the most common being pulmonary disorders, such as asthma (12%), followed by neurodevelopmental disorders (8%), gastrointestinal disorders (6%), and seizure disorders (6%). The hospital group was more likely to have a comorbidity, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), diabetes mellitus, seizure disorder, hypertension, sickle cell disease, neurodevelopmental disorder, and immunocompromising conditions, including cancer, bone marrow transplant, and other immunodeficiencies, compared to the non-hospital group. Abdominal pain was more common in the hospital group. Shortness of breath (SOB) and diarrhea were significantly more common in the ICU group than in the floor group. Conclusions: Early identification of pediatric patients with severe COVID-19 is important to improve outcomes. In our single-center case–control study, we found that the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms on presentation was more commonly associated with severe COVID-19 in children.
Lipid Metabolism Regulators Are the Possible Determinant for Characteristics of Myopic Human Scleral Stroma Fibroblasts (HSSFs)

The purpose of the current investigation was to elucidate what kinds of responsible mechanisms induce elongation of the sclera in myopic eyes. To do this, two-dimensional (2D) cultures of human scleral stromal fibroblasts (HSSFs) obtained from eyes with two different axial length (AL) groups, <26 mm (low AL group, n = 2) and >27 mm (high AL group, n = 3), were subjected to (1) measurements of Seahorse mitochondrial and glycolytic indices to evaluate biological aspects and (2) analysis by RNA sequencing. Extracellular flux analysis revealed that metabolic indices related to mitochondrial and glycolytic functions were higher in the low AL group than in the high AL group, suggesting that metabolic activities of HSSF cells are different depending the degree of AL. Based upon RNA sequencing of these low and high AL groups, the bioinformatic analyses using gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified that sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2) is both a possible upstream regulator and a causal network regulator. Furthermore, SREBF1, insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were detected as upstream regulators, and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) was detected as a causal network regulator. Since those possible regulators were all pivotally involved in lipid metabolisms including fatty acid (FA), triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) biosynthesis, the findings reported here indicate that FA, TG and Chol biosynthesis regulation may be responsible mechanisms inducing AL elongation via HSSF.
Adaptive Illuminance Effects on Retinal Morphology and Refraction: A Comprehensive Study of Night Myopia

Background: We aimed to study the optical and retinal modifications that occur after adapting to different lighting conditions including photopic, mesopic, scotopic, blue light and red light conditions. Methods: Thirty young healthy subjects with a mean age of 23.57 ± 3.45 years were involved in the study (both eyes included). They underwent aberrometry and optical coherence tomography at both the central and peripheral retina with the 3 × 3 mm2 macular cube protocol before starting adaptation to the illuminations (baseline) and after remaining for 5 min under the five different lighting conditions inside a controlled lighting cabinet. Results: Significant myopization (p = 0.002) was observed under scotopic and mesopic lighting conditions, while hypermetropization occurred under the influence of blue LED light. In the central retina, a significant thickening of the inner temporal (p = 0.025) and outer inferior (p = 0.021) areas was observed in the scotopic area, and the thickening increased even more under blue and red light. The mean central thickness decreased significantly under photopic lighting conditions (p = 0.038). There was an increase in the mean volume of the central retinal area with red light and a reduction in the volume under photopic lighting (p = 0.039). In the peripheral retina, no significant thickness changes were observed after adapting to any of the lighting conditions (p > 0.05). Regarding morphological changes, a significant increase in retinal eccentricity (p = 0.045) and the shape factor (p = 0.036) was found. In addition, a significant correlation was found only between the eccentricity and volume of the central retina in scotopic conditions (r = −0.265; p = 0.041), meaning that a higher volume was associated with lower retinal eccentricity. Conclusions: When exposed to different lighting conditions, the retina changes in shape, and ocular refraction is modified to adapt to each condition, revealing the phenomenon of night myopia when transitioning from photopic to scotopic regimes.
Environment and Happiness: New Evidence for Spain

This paper explores the relationship between air pollution, climate and reported subjective well-being (or happiness) in Spanish regions. The results show that, after controlling for most of the socio-economic variables affecting happiness, there are still significant regional differences in subjective well-being. Evidence also suggests that cli- mate and air pollution variables play a significant role in explaining these regional dif- ferences in happiness. The analysis also allows us to calculate the monetary value of air quality and climate, deriving the average marginal rate of substitution between income and air quality and climate for the Spanish regions.
Migration and mobility in imperial Rome

KRISTINA KILLGROVE: Migration and Mobility in Imperial Rom e. (Under the direction of Dale L. Hutchinson.) Migration to Rome in the Imperial period has been under-rese arched owing to a dearth of epigraphical and historical evidence, particularly reg arding the lower classes. A new set of data has come to light in the form of thousands of skeletons from lower-class cemeteries in Rome’ssuburbium. Two of these cemeteries, Casal Bertone near the city walls a nd C stellaccio Europarco in an agricultural area of the Roman suburbs, yiel ded 183 skeletons for osteological analysis. Combined strontium and oxygen isotope analyses o f a subsample of 55 individuals isolated 20 people who came to Rome following a birth elsewhe re. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of the same sample population demonstrated that th ere were significant differences between the childhood diet of immigrants to Rome and that of t he locals. Immigrants were more likely to have consumed diets with significant amounts o f he C4 plant millet. Prevalence of skeletal and dental diseases, however, were not significa tly different between the immigrant and local populations. Mobility in Imperial Rome can thus be characterized from isotope analyses as long-distance migration from the provinces as w ell as movement of individuals within the Italian peninsula. The biological identificatio n f immigrants to Rome in the absence of historical and epigraphical data is a significant first ste p towards a new understanding of who migrants were, where they came from, and what experience s they had upon arrival in the Imperial capital.
Artificial intelligence (AI) integration in medical education: A pan-India cross-sectional observation of acceptance and understanding among students

Background/Aim: From accurate diagnostics to personalised treatment plans, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionise healthcare. The abundance of medical data has led to AI being employed for accurate diagnoses, treatment protocols and patient care. Students' perception of AI integration in medical education is crucial for its successful implementation. This study aimed to assess the acceptance and understanding of AI integration among students in medical education across different regions of India through a cross-sectional observation. Methods: A pan-India survey was conducted among medical students between 1 August 2023 to 20 August 2023 with a pre-validated questionnaire covering AI awareness and understanding through Google Form, circulated via WhatsApp. Results: A total of 730 medical students completed the survey of which 58.6 % were males and 41.4 % were females. Most students (80.7 %) knew about AI, but 53.6 % had limited awareness of AI in medicine. Opinions on AI integration was diverse, with 46.8 % in favour. Workshops (45.2 %) and lectures (31.1 %) were preferred learning formats. Students were interested in various AI topics and expect AI to positively impact medicine (45.9 %). Radiology, surgery and general medicine were predicted to be most influenced by AI. Concerns about overreliance on AI (49.2 %) and lack of empathy (43.7 %) were highlighted. Conclusions: Medical students in India display a keen interest in AI and its integration into medical education. To fully harness AI's potential in healthcare, comprehensive AI curricula and faculty training are needed. Students are aware of the challenges and opportunities, emphasising the importance of balanced AI adoption in medical practice and education.
Organizational Culture And Work Environment On Employee Performance At The Kunir Community Health Center

Human resource management is a way of managing human resources in an organization in order to achieve the goals of the organization optimally through developing human resources themselves. This research aims to analyze and determine the influence of the work environment and organizational culture on employee performance at the Kunir Health Center, Lumajang Regency. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. The population used in this research were employees of the Kunir Health Center, Lumajang Regency. The sampling technique used in this research was the saturated sampling method, which is a sampling technique that takes all members of the population in the object as samples. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires with a sample size of 45 respondents. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that the work environment and organizational culture have a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Kunir Community Health Center, Lumajang Regency.
Alternative Assisted Extraction Methods of Phenolic Compounds Using NaDESs

A renewed understanding of eco-friendly principles is moving the industrial sector toward a shift in the utilization of less harmful solvents as a main strategy to improve manufacturing. Green analytical chemistry (GAC) has definitely paved the way for this transition by presenting green solvents to a larger audience. Among the most promising, surely DESs (deep eutectic solvents), NaDESs (natural deep eutectic solvents), HDESs (hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents), and HNaDESs (hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents), with their unique features, manifest a wide-range of applications, including their use as a means for the extraction of small bioactive compounds. In examining recent advancements, in this review, we want to focus our attention on some of the most interesting and novel ‘solvent-free‘ extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in relation to the possibility of better exploiting DESs and NaDESs as plausible extracting solvents of the phenolic compounds (PCs) present in different matrices from olive oil components, such as virgin olive pomace, olive leaves and twigs, virgin and extra virgin olive oil (VOO and EVOO, respectively), and olive cake and olive mill wastewaters (OMWW). Therefore, the status of DESs and NaDESs is shown in terms of their nature, efficacy and selectivity in the extraction of bioactive phytochemicals such as secoiridoids, lignans, phenolic acids and alcohols. Related studies on experimental design and processes’ optimization of the most promising DESs/NaDESs are also reviewed. In this framework, an extensive list of relevant works found in the literature is described to consider DESs/NaDESs as a suitable alternative to petrochemicals in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, or food applications.