Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analisis penurunan produksi tanaman padi akibat perubahan iklim di Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat

Perubahan iklim mempunyai pengaruh signifikan pada budidaya tanaman padi, karena budidaya tanaman padi mempunyai ketergan-tungan yang kuat terhadap unsur iklim terutama curah hujan dan temperatur. Terkait dengan hal itu telah dilakukan kajian dampak perubahan iklim terhadap penurunan produksi tanaman padi di wilayah kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan unsur iklim (curah hujan dan temperature) terhadap produksi tanaman padi dan mengidentifikasi usaha adaptasi yang harus dilakukan oleh para petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak perubahan iklim di wilayah kabupaten Bandung sudah dirasakan oleh petani yang diindikasikan oleh bergesernya musim tanam dan waktu panen, penurunan luas tanam dan panen, perubahan produktivitas dan produksi padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan dan lahan sawah ½ irigasi. Ada beberapa kecamatan yang mengalami bahaya ( hazard ) penurunan produksi tanaman padi adalah kecamatan Cicalengka, Pangalengan, Ciwidey, Solokanjeruk, dan Ciparay. Wilayah mengalami kerentanan ( vulnerability ) akibat perubahan iklim adalah kecamatan Pasirjambu, Cimaung, Pangalengan, Kertasari, dan Pacet (tingkat kerentanan sangat tinggi). Wilayah yang mempunyai risiko penurun-an produksi tanaman padi adalah kecamatan Pasirjambu, Cimaung, dan Ciparay. Ada beberapa usaha adaptasi strategis untuk menghadapi risiko penurunan produksi tanaman padi akibat peru-bahan iklim adalah penggunaan varitas padi unggul yang tahan kekeringan/ banjir serta berumur genjah; meningkatkan teknik dan intensifikasi budidaya tanaman padi misalnya PTT, SRI, dan sistem Legowo; dan optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan tidur dan pembukaan lahan sawah baru. Kata k unci : Padi ∙ Perubahan iklim ∙ Adaptasi strategis
Calm after the storms: income distribution in Chile, 1987-94

This paper uses Vietnam as a case study in rapidly assessing the strengths and weaknesses of an existing system of transfers and safety nets. Data are taken to be weak; in particular, rigorous ex-post evaluations of the components of the existing social security system are not available in time to inform policy choices. So the aim is instead to provide a broad qualitative assessment, also pointing to key issues on which knowledge needs to improve. The paper provides a critical overview of the existing public poverty and safety net programs in Vietnam that aim to help and protect those outside the formal employment sectors, notably those in the rural economy and urban informal sector. It begins with a brief examination of the principal sources of vulnerability for Vietnamese households and what is known about household coping strategies. This is followed by a description of the various transfers and safety nets that are currently available to address low incomes and vulnerability for individuals outside the formal employment system and hence not covered by the government's social security benefits. Naturally, much of the focus is on rural households and individuals.
The Hall Electric Field in Earth's Magnetotail Thin Current Sheet

One of the most important properties of Earth's magnetotail thin current sheet (TCS) is that its current is predominantly contributed by magnetized electrons. The Hall electric field, normal to the TCS and generated by charge separation, is critical to the generation of this electron current as well as a dawn‐dusk asymmetry of the magnetotail, such as duskside preference of magnetic reconnection and related structures and phenomena. However, systematic investigation of the Hall electric field has so far been lacking. Utilizing observations of TCS by Magnetospheric Multiscale and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorm spacecraft, we study the properties of this field. Our results, from various, complementary methods, show that the Hall electric field Ez (in the geocentric solar magnetospheric, coordinate system) or En (normal to the TCS plane) can be clearly observed to point toward the center of the current sheet. The typical magnitude of this electric field is several tenths of 1 mV/m. Statistics of Magnetospheric Multiscale magnetotail TCS crossings show that the Hall electric field is stronger on the duskside, indicating a stronger Hall effect there, which confirms predictions from global‐scale hybrid and particle‐in‐cell simulations.
McLaughlin technique and humeral grafting provide similar results for treatment of reverse Hill–Sachs lesions: A systematic review

Abstract Purpose Various surgical treatments have been described for the treatment of reverse Hill–Sachs lesions (rHSls) sized between 20% and 50% in the case of posterior shoulder dislocation. The aim of this systematic review is to report the clinical and radiological outcomes of subscapularis or lesser tuberosity transfer (McLaughlin and modified procedures) compared to bone or osteochondral autograft or allograft. Methods A systematic review was performed on five medical databases up to December 2022. The inclusion criteria were clinical studies of all levels of evidence describing clinical or radiological outcomes of either procedure. The assessment of the quality of evidence was performed with the Modified Coleman Score. Results A total of 14 studies (five prospective and nine retrospective) were included. A total of 153 patients (155 shoulders, 78.4% male) with a mean age of 37.2 (22–79) years were reviewed at an average follow‐up of 53.1 (7.1–294) months. No relevant difference was found for the clinical scores, range of motion, complications and redislocation rate between the two treatments. Radiological osteoarthritis (OA) was reported in 11% (10/87) in the McLaughlin group and in 21% (16/73) in the humeral reconstruction group. Conclusions McLaughlin and anatomic humeral reconstruction lead to similar satisfactory clinical results and a low redislocation rate in the treatment of rHSls. Anatomic humeral reconstruction seems associated with an increased risk of OA progression. Level of Evidence Level IV.
The Influence of Self-Esteem on Sociocultural Adaptation of College Students of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan: The Chain Mediating Role of Social Support and School Belonging

Purpose Mainland universities have become one of the important choices for students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, but the maladaptation caused by environmental migration will have a negative impact on the mental health of them. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the psychological mechanism of sociocultural adaptation of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan students. Methods In order to explore the influence of self-esteem on the sociocultural adaptation of college students of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan studying in mainland universities, as well as the mechanism of social support and school belonging, a survey was conducted among 1108 college students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan studying in mainland universities, with the help of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Sociocultural Adaptation Scale, Perceptive Social Support Scale and The Psychological Sense of School belonging Scale. Results The results show that (1) Different grades of college students of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have differences in school belonging and sociocultural adaptation (P<0.05); (2) Self-esteem, social support, school belonging and sociocultural adaptation were positively correlated (P < 0.01); (3) The mediation model test showed that self-esteem could directly and positively predict sociocultural adaptation with a direct effect size of 0.245; Social support and school belonging played a mediating role between self-esteem and sociocultural adaptation, and the mediating effect sizes were 0.094 and 0.085, respectively. The chain mediating effect of social support and school belonging was also significant, and the mediating effect size was 0.108. Conclusion Self-esteem can not only directly affect college students’ sociocultural adaptation, but also indirectly affect college students’ sociocultural adaptation through the chain mediating effect of social support and school belonging. This study further reveals the mechanism of self-esteem on sociocultural adaptation and provides psychological basis for universities to improve the sociocultural adaptation level of different groups of students.
Identification and transcriptomic profiling of salinity stress response genes in colored wheat mutant

Background Salinity is a major abiotic stress that prevents normal plant growth and development, ultimately reducing crop productivity. This study investigated the effects of salinity stress on two wheat lines: PL1 (wild type) and PL6 (mutant line generated through gamma irradiation of PL1). Results The salinity treatment was carried out with a solution consisting of a total volume of 200 mL containing 150 mM NaCl. Salinity stress negatively impacted germination and plant growth in both lines, but PL6 exhibited higher tolerance. PL6 showed lower Na+ accumulation and higher K+ levels, indicating better ion homeostasis. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns between PL1 and PL6 under salt stress, resulting in notable phenotypic differences. Gene ontology analysis revealed positive correlations between salt stress and defense response, glutathione metabolism, peroxidase activity, and reactive oxygen species metabolic processes, highlighting the importance of antioxidant activities in salt tolerance. Additionally, hormone-related genes, transcription factors, and protein kinases showed differential expression, suggesting their roles in the differential salt stress response. Enrichment of pathways related to flavonoid biosynthesis and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in PL6 may contribute to its enhanced antioxidant activities. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes associated with the circadian clock system, cytoskeleton organization, and cell wall organization shed light on the plant’s response to salt stress. Conclusions Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing stress-tolerant crop varieties, improving agricultural practices, and breeding salt-resistant crops to enhance global food production and address food security challenges.
Protein carbonylation causes sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ overload by increasing intracellular Na+ level in ventricular myocytes

Diabetes is commonly associated with an elevated level of reactive carbonyl species due to alteration of glucose and fatty acid metabolism. These metabolic changes cause an abnormality in cardiac Ca2+ regulation that can lead to cardiomyopathies. In this study, we explored how the reactive α-dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MGO) affects Ca2+ regulation in mouse ventricular myocytes. Analysis of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics revealed that MGO (200 μM) increases action potential (AP)-induced Ca2+ transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load, with a limited effect on L-type Ca2+ channel-mediated Ca2+ transients and SERCA-mediated Ca2+ uptake. At the same time, MGO significantly slowed down cytosolic Ca2+ extrusion by Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). MGO also increased the frequency of Ca2+ waves during rest and these Ca2+ release events were abolished by an external solution with zero [Na+] and [Ca2+]. Adrenergic receptor activation with isoproterenol (10 nM) increased Ca2+ transients and SR Ca2+ load, but it also triggered spontaneous Ca2+ waves in 27% of studied cells. Pretreatment of myocytes with MGO increased the fraction of cells with Ca2+ waves during adrenergic receptor stimulation by 163%. Measurements of intracellular [Na+] revealed that MGO increases cytosolic [Na+] by 57% from the maximal effect produced by the Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor ouabain (20 μM). This increase in cytosolic [Na+] was a result of activation of a tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ influx, but not an inhibition of Na+-K+ ATPase. An increase in cytosolic [Na+] after treating cells with ouabain produced similar effects on Ca2+ regulation as MGO. These results suggest that protein carbonylation can affect cardiac Ca2+ regulation by increasing cytosolic [Na+] via a tetrodotoxin-sensitive pathway. This, in turn, reduces Ca2+ extrusion by NCX, causing SR Ca2+ overload and spontaneous Ca2+ waves.
Non-Coding RNAs Potentially Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance of Anopheles funestus Population in Western Kenya

Backgrounds The resurgence of Anopheles funestus, a dominant vector of human malaria in western Kenya was partly attributed to insecticide resistance. However, evidence on the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in western Kenya is limited. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) form a vast class of RNAs that do not code for proteins and are ubiquitous in the insect genome. Here, we demonstrated that multiple ncRNAs could play a potential role in An. funestusresistance to pyrethroid in western Kenya. Materials and Methods Anopheles funestus mosquitoes were sampled by aspiration methods in Bungoma, Teso, Siaya, Port Victoria and Kombewa in western Kenya. The F1 progenies were exposed to deltamethrin (0.05%), permethrin (0.75%), DDT (4%) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.25%) following WHO test guidelines. A synergist assay using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) (4%) was conducted to determine cytochrome P450s’ role in pyrethroid resistance. RNA-seq was conducted on a combined pool of specimens that were resistant and unexposed, and the results were compared with those of the FANG susceptible strain. This approach aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying pyrethroid resistance. Results Pyrethroid resistance was observed in all the sites with an average mortality rate of 57.6%. Port Victoria had the highest level of resistance to permethrin (MR=53%) and deltamethrin (MR=11%) pyrethroids. Teso had the lowest level of resistance to permethrin (MR=70%) and deltamethrin (MR=87%). Resistance to DDT was observed only in Kombewa (MR=89%) and Port Victoria (MR=85%). A full susceptibility to P-methyl (0.25%) was observed in all the sites. PBO synergist assay revealed high susceptibility (>98%) to the pyrethroids in all the sites except for Port Victoria (MR=96%, n=100). Whole transcriptomic analysis showed that most of the gene families associated with pyrethroid resistance comprised non-coding RNAs (67%), followed by imipenemase (10%), cytochrome P450s (6%), cuticular proteins (5%), olfactory proteins (4%), glutathione S-transferases (3%), UDP-glycosyltransferases (2%), ATP-binding cassettes (2%) and carboxylesterases(1%). Conclusions This study unveils the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in An. funestus in western Kenya, highlighting for the first time the potential role of non-coding RNAs in pyrethroid resistance. Targeting non-coding RNAs for intervention development could help in insecticide resistance management.
Disparities in Survival Outcomes Between Locally Advanced Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma Treated with Chemoradiotherapy

Purpose To determine the disparities in survival outcomes between stage IIB-IVA cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) treated with chemoradiotherapy. Methods Patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 were retrospectively included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used in this study. The primary endpoints were cervical cancer-specific survival (CCSS) and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 2752 patients were identified, including 87.5% (n=2408) were SCC and 12.5% (n=344) were AC. Patients with AC had inferior 5-year CCSS (67.5% vs 54.8%, P<0.001) and OS (58.4% vs 47.2%, P<0.001) compared to those with the SCC subtype. The hazard curve of cervical cancer-related death in AC peaked at 2 years (19%) and still small peaks in the 7 and 11 years of follow-up. Regarding SCC, cervical cancer-related deaths peaked at 2 years (15%) and the hazard rate was 2.0% during the six years of follow-up. The multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that histology was an independent prognostic factor associated with survival outcomes. Patients with AC had significantly poor CCSS (P<0.001) and OS (P<0.001). Similar results were found after PSM. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a significantly better prognosis for cervical SCC patients compared to those with cervical AC undergoing chemoradiotherapy. These results highlight the importance of histological subtyping in predicting treatment outcomes and tailoring therapeutic strategies.
Understanding the Landscape of Bronchoscopy in Lung Cancer: Insights From Lesion Location, Gender, and Diagnostic Efficacy

Introduction: Lung cancer constitutes a critical global health concern. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer's (IARC) GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates, lung cancer is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. In areas where tuberculosis is prevalent, misdiagnosis and mistreatment frequently result from overlap, creating significant difficulties that delay diagnosis and treatment. Amid this complication, bronchoscopic techniques emerge as critical diagnostic tools, though their efficacy varies between studies. Method: Our retrospective study, conducted from July 2021 to December 2022 at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, examined 156 participants with malignancies. Our focus encompassed diverse lesions within the bronchial landscape, revealing intriguing findings. Results: Bronchoscopic examinations unravelled prevalent abnormalities: 52 (33.3%) manifested as intraluminal growth, 48 (31.6%) as mucosal irregularities, and a less frequent (16, 10.3%) as an intraluminal bulge. Transbronchial needle aspiration stood out with a 10/11 (91%) positivity rate, biopsy came in second at 38/46 (83%), and bronchoalveolar lavage showed a 44/152 (29%) positivity rate. It was interesting to see how the lesions were spread out among the different types of histology. For example, squamous cell carcinoma showed 17/37 (46%) intraluminal growth, while adenocarcinoma showed 22/60 (36.7%) intraluminal growth and 4/60 (6.7%) intraluminal bulge. Moreover, a significant absence of abnormalities was observed in various lesions, underlining the intricacies of characterising bronchial lesions. Conclusion: Our study shows that direct tissue sampling is better and that new bronchoscopic technologies are important for diagnosing lesions that were hard to get to in the past. However, limitations in patient selection biases and the single-centre focus caution against generalised interpretations. Our research illuminates the pivotal role of bronchoscopic methods in diagnosing lung lesions, emphasising the necessity for continued advancements to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy in lung cancer subtypes.
Thrombopoietin mimetic stimulates bone marrow vascular and stromal niches to mitigate acute radiation syndrome

Background Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) manifests after exposure to high doses of radiation in the instances of radiologic accidents or incidents. Facilitating the regeneration of the bone marrow (BM), namely the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), is a key in mitigating ARS and multi-organ failure. JNJ-26366821, a PEGylated thrombopoietin mimetic (TPOm) peptide, has been shown as an effective medical countermeasure (MCM) to treat hematopoietic-ARS (H-ARS) in mice. However, the activity of TPOm on regulating BM vascular and stromal niches to support HSPC regeneration has not yet been elucidated. Methods C57BL/6J mice (9–14 weeks old) received sublethal or lethal total body irradiation (TBI), a model for H-ARS, by 137Cs or X-rays. At 24 hours post-irradiation, mice were subcutaneously injected with a single dose of TPOm (0.3 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg) or PBS (vehicle). At homeostasis and on days 4, 7, 10, 14, 18, and 21 post-TBI with and without TPOm treatment, BM was harvested for histology, BM flow cytometry of HSPCs, endothelial (EC) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), and whole-mount confocal microscopy. For survival, irradiated mice were monitored and weighed for 30 days. Lastly, BM triple negative cells (TNC; CD45−, TER-119−, CD31−) were sorted for single-cell RNA-sequencing to examine transcriptomics after TBI with or without TPOm treatment. Results At homeostasis, TPOm expanded the number of circulating platelets and HSPCs, ECs, and MSCs in the BM. Following sublethal TBI, TPOm improved BM architecture and promoted recovery of HSPCs, ECs, and MSCs. Furthermore, TPOm elevated VEGF-C levels in normal and irradiated mice. Following lethal irradiation, mice improved body weight recovery and 30-day survival when treated with TPOm after 137Cs and X-ray exposure. Additionally, TPOm reduced vascular dilation and permeability. Finally, single-cell RNA-seq analysis indicated that TPOm increased the expression of collagens in MSCs to enhance their interaction with other progenitors in BM and upregulated the regeneration pathway in MSCs. Conclusions TPOm interacts with BM vascular and stromal niches to locally support hematopoietic reconstitution and systemically improve survival in mice after TBI. Therefore, this work warrants the development of TPOm as a potent radiation MCM for the treatment of ARS.
Dual activity of Minnelide chemosensitize basal/triple negative breast cancer stem cells and reprograms immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is characterized with higher EMT/stemness properties and immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Women with advanced TNBC exhibit aggressive disease and have limited treatment options. Although immune suppressive TME is implicated in driving aggressive properties of basal/TNBC subtype and therapy resistance, effectively targeting it remains a challenge. Minnelide, a prodrug of triptolide currently being tested in clinical trials, has shown anti-tumorigenic activity in multiple malignancies via targeting super enhancers, Myc and anti-apoptotic pathways such as HSP70. Distinct super-enhancer landscape drives cancer stem cells (CSC) in TNBC subtype while inducing immune suppressive TME. We show that Minnelide selectively targets CSCs in human and murine TNBC cell lines compared to cell lines of luminal subtype by targeting Myc and HSP70. Minnelide in combination with cyclophosphamide significantly reduces the tumor growth and eliminates metastasis by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and enhancing cytotoxic T cell infiltration in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Resection of residual tumors following the combination treatment leads to complete eradication of disseminated tumor cells as all mice are free of local and distant recurrences. All control mice showed recurrences within 3 weeks of post-resection while single Minnelide treatment delayed recurrence and one mouse was free of tumor. We provide evidence that Minnelide targets tumor intrinsic pathways and reprograms the immune suppressive microenvironment. Our studies also suggest that Minnelide in combination with cyclophosphamide may lead to durable responses in patients with basal/TNBC subtype warranting its clinical investigation.