Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolving anatomy of a collapsing orogen

The Tethys Oceans separated Africa and Arabia from Eurasia, and India from Asia. Closure of the Tethys started in the Jurassic and led to the Alpine-Himalayan mountain chain. This thesis will focus on the Aegean segment of this mountain belt. The Aegean region is occupied by a stack of nappes that were emplaced during the closure of the Tethys. In the late Eocene, the oldest and most internal nappes of the nappe stack started to fall apart, or collapse: late-orogenic extension fragmented the nappe stack, leading to the formation of metamorphic core complexes and associated sedimentary basins, while stacking of new nappes continued at the active margin. This thesis focuses on the question whether it is possible to identify the large-scale geodynamic processes that led to the collapse – or fragmentation – of the Aegean segment of the Alpine orogen. To best identify these, the timing, magnitude and direction of vertical and horizontal motions in the entire Aegean region were reconstructed by paleontologic and paleomagnetic measurements and structural and sedimentologic analysis, since the possible large-scale processes are likely to lead to a specific spatial contemporaneous and evolving distribution of these motions. Thus, we reconstructed the evolving anatomy of the Aegean region since the onset of nappe stacking in the Jurassic. We investigated whether the fragmentation can be subdivided into different phases, and if so, we constrained the timing of onset and duration of these phases. Therefore, we reconstructed the palinspastic evolution of the Aegean region since the Eocene and compared it with the structural, metamorphic and magmatic history of the region. This led to the identification of a number of phases: 35-23 Ma, 23-15 Ma, 15-8 Ma, 8-3.5 Ma and 3.5-0 Ma. The first two phases are characterised by – probably roll-back induced – N-S extension, the formation of metamorphic core complexes and the onset of volcanism. Around 23 Ma, two nappes decoupled from the subducting slab. Afterwards, they were extended and exhumed between 23 and 15 Ma in two metamorphic core complexes, the tectonostratigraphically higher one of which experienced a high-temperature overprint as a result of exhumation of hot material along the lower one. Around 15 Ma, the onset of lateral extrusion of Anatolia led to clockwise rotation and reestablishment of compression in western Greece. From 8 Ma onward, the overriding Aegean lithosphere started to spread out over the underthrusting lithosphere, leading in the northwest to collision with Apulia. This collision was established around 3.5 Ma, after which the ongoing spreading of the Aegean region led to interfering curved extensional basins such as the Gulf of Corinth-Saronic Gulf composite basin system. The timing of these phases correlates well with Mediterranean wide, large-scale palinspastic and tectono-stratigraphic phases
Late Triassic-Jurassic Paleogeography and Origin of Gulf of Mexico Basin

The basic structural and stratigraphic framework of the Gulf of Mexico Basin was established during the Late Triassic and the Jurassic. During the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, as the North American plate started to separate from the South American and African plates, the area of the future basin was part of an extensive landmass broken by tensional grabens that were filled by red beds and volcanics. Marine deposition was restricted to embayments of the Pacific Ocean in northwestern and central Mexico. These marine embayments persisted during the early Middle Jurassic, but seawater did not reach the future Gulf of Mexico Basin until the Callovian. Widespread salt deposits known today from two separate areas of the basin resulted from this initial flooding. During the ate Jurassic, marine conditions progressively extended over increasingly larger parts of the Gulf of Mexico Basin. However, the basin was not connected to the Atlantic Ocean until late in the Jurassic. This paleogeographic reconstruction suggests that the Gulf of Mexico Basin formed as a result of the southward drift of the Yucatan continental block away from the remainder of the North American plate. The separation began in the Late Triassic, continued slowly and sporadically during the Early and Middle Jurassic, and quickened after the Middle Jurassic salt formed. As a result, the salt deposits were split into the two segments known today, and oceanic crust formed in the center of the basin. Early in the Late Jurassic, the Yucatan platform reached its present position and the Gulf of M xico Basin was born.
Crop Disease Detection Using Deep Learning Techniques on Images

: Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economic development of many countries and sustains the global population despite facing various challenges like climate change, pollinator decline, and plant diseases. These threats to food security highlight the need for innovative solutions to prevent crop loss. Leveraging smartphone technology for automated image recognition-based disease diagnosis has emerged as a promising approach, thanks to their computing power and high-resolution cameras. To address this issue, we have focused on deep learning-based image detection techniques to identify plant diseases using the "PlantVillage" dataset. Several deep learning architectures, including AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet50, and InceptionV3, were employed and trained using two approaches: 'Training from scratch' and 'transfer learning’. The results of the analysis reveal GoogLeNet architecture achieved the highest accuracy of 0.999 for color images and 0.996 for segmented images, whereas InceptionV3 trained from scratch gave the highest accuracy of 0.994 for grayscale images with a train-test ratio of 90:10. All the models trained from scratch achieved the maximum F1-score of 1.0 for color and segmented images whereas for grayscale images, GoogleNet and InceptionV3 achieved the highest F1-score of 0.999 with train-test ratio 90:10. These findings indicate the potential of deep learning methods in detecting and diagnosing plant diseases, which can significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of disease diagnosis processes in agriculture. Further research and improvements in image recognition techniques can lead to more robust and effective solutions for securing global food production.
Les fièvres hémorragiques africaines d'origine virale : contribution à leur étude en République Centrafricaine

Etude faite de 1979 a 1982 en immunofluorescence indirecte. La presence d'anticorps dans la population humaine exploree est demontree en pourcentage de serums positifs. 0,2% anti Lassa, 4,5% anti Ebola, 0,6% anti Marburg, 0,2% anti fievre hemorragique Crimee-Congo, 1,2% anti Rift Valley fever et 1,3% anti virus Hantaan. Les resultats sont analyses et discutes en fonction des differents antigenes viraux utilises et des maladies qu'ils impliquent
A Subset of Liver NK T Cells is Activated During A Subset of Liver NK T Cells is Activated During Leishmania donovani Infection by CD1d-Bound Lipophosphoglycan Infection by CD1d-Bound Lipophosphoglycan

Natural killer (NK) T cells are activated by synthetic or self-glycolipids and implicated in innate host resistance to a range of viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens. Despite the immunogenicity of microbial lipoglycans and their promiscuous binding to CD1d, no pathogen-derived glycolipid antigen presented by this pathway has been identified to date. In the current work, we show increased susceptibility of NK T cell–deficient CD1d (cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:1) mice to Leishmania donovani infection and Leishmania -induced CD1d-dependent activation of NK T cells in wild-type animals. The elicited response was Th1 polarized, occurred as early as 2 h after infection, and was independent from IL-12. The Leishmania surface glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan, as well as related glycoinositol phospholipids, bound with high affinity to CD1d and induced a CD1d-dependent IFN (cid:3) response in naive intrahepatic lymphocytes. Together, these data identify Leishmania surface glycoconjugates as potential glycolipid antigens and suggest an important role for the CD1d–NK T cell immune axis in the early response to visceral Leishmania infection.
Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of gamma-irradiation at doses of 0, 5, and 10 kGy on the essential oil constituents of clove and cinnamon; evaluate the efficacy of the extraction of essential oils from irradiated clove and cinnamon as an antimicrobial agent. Results showed that the main components of clove essential oils were eugenol (75.71%) and eugenol acetate (9.73%). The major components of cinnamon essential oils were cinnamaldehyde (75.55%). Gamma irradiation enhanced the antioxidant activity of essential oils. However, irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy was the best treatment for the antioxidant activity of clove and cinnamon essential oils. Essential oils of clove and cinnamon were tested for their antibacterial activity against four strains of S. aureus, E. coli, B. cereus, and P. aeruginosa . Results revealed that each oil tested had a growth-inhibiting impact on the microorganisms under study. Gamma irradiation at a dosage of 10 kGy was more effective against microorganisms.
Cross-language information retrieval using PARAFAC2

A standard approach to cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) uses Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) in conjunction with a multilingual parallel aligned corpus. This approach has been shown to be successful in identifying similar documents across languages - or more precisely, retrieving the most similar document in one language to a query in another language. However, the approach has severe drawbacks when applied to a related task, that of clustering documents "language-independently", so that documents about similar topics end up closest to one another in the semantic space regardless of their language. The problem is that documents are generally more similar to other documents in the same language than they are to documents in a different language, but on the same topic. As a result, when using multilingual LSA, documents will in practice cluster by language, not by topic. We propose a novel application of PARAFAC2 (which is a variant of PARAFAC, a multi-way generalization of the singular value decomposition [SVD]) to overcome this problem. Instead of forming a single multilingual term-by-document matrix which, under LSA, is subjected to SVD, we form an irregular three-way array, each slice of which is a separate term-by-document matrix for a single language in the parallel corpus. The goal is to compute an SVD for each language such that V (the matrix of right singular vectors) is the same across all languages. Effectively, PARAFAC2 imposes the constraint, not present in standard LSA, that the "concepts" in all documents in the parallel corpus are the same regardless of language. Intuitively, this constraint makes sense, since the whole purpose of using a parallel corpus is that exactly the same concepts are expressed in the translations. We tested this approach by comparing the performance of PARAFAC2 with standard LSA in solving a particular CLIR problem. From our results, we conclude that PARAFAC2 offers a very promising alternative to LSA not only for multilingual document clustering, but also for solving other problems in cross-language information retrieval.
Ecological Management in Salt-affected Area of Northeast Thailand: Monitoring Soil Quality

Soil salinity has become one of the major determinants of crop productivity in Northeast Thailand, and has an adverse impact on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, as well as plant growth and yield. Ecological management of soil is essential to sustainable production. Soil microorganism may fulfill many important ecological roles including decomposition and nutrient cycling in salt-affected area. This study aimed to monitor the impact of salinity on soil properties under tree plantation at Amphur Borabue, Mahasarakam Province, Northeast Thailand. The study area was divided into 3 zones followed by the plant community found in each area which correlated with the flooding situation and soil salinity. Soil samples were collected from three different zones at the same depth (0-20cm) with three replications during the rainy seasons of 2008 and 2010 in order to analyze soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The results showed that biodiversity of soil biota and soil microbial activity in terms of soil microbial carbon, soil microbial nitrogen and soil respiration after tree plantation was higher than before. The EC, Na and K values were decreased, whereas pH, OM and N were increased after tree plantation. It could be concluded that soil physical, chemical and biological properties were improved after tree plantation. Therefore, this result would be valuable for sustainable land resources improvement and rehabilitation.
Analysis of the splicing machinery in fission yeast: a comparison with budding yeast and mammals.

Based on genetic and bioinformatic analysis, 80 proteins from the newly sequenced Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome appear to be splicing factors. The fission yeast splicing factors were compared to those of Homo sapiens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to determine the extent of conservation or divergence that has occurred over the billion years of evolution that separate these organisms. Our results indicate that many of the factors present in all three organisms have been well conserved throughout evolution. It is calculated that 38% of the fission yeast splicing factors are more similar to the human proteins than to the budding yeast proteins (>10% more similar or similar over a greater region). Many of the factors in this category are required for recognition of the 3' splice site. Ten fission yeast splicing factors, including putative regulatory factors, have human homologs, but no apparent budding yeast homologs based on sequence data alone. Many of the budding yeast factors that are absent in fission yeast are associated with the U1 and U4/U6.U5 snRNP. Collectively the data presented in this survey indicate that of the two yeasts, S.POMBE: contains a splicing machinery more closely reflecting the archetype of a spliceosome.
Demographic Study of Bacterial Keratitis in Contact Lens Wearers

: Microbial keratitis (MK) is an important cause of ocular morbidity. The introduction of daily wear soft contact lenses (DWSCLs) as a modality for the cosmetic treatment of refractive errors in the 1970s and extended wear soft contact lenses (EWSCLs) for therapeutic management of ocular surface disease in the 1980s increased the relative contribution of contact lens wear as a risk factor for cases of MK. The adoption and increasingly popular overnight use or misuse of extended wear soft contact lenses (EWSCLs) has been associated with a dramatic increase in cases of MK. This study was conducted on 52 contact lens users, who attended the outpatient clinic of Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt from January to December 2012, to determine the rate of bacterial Keratitis and the most common causative organisms, diagnostic approach and the treatment strategy. 32 cases suffering from bacterial keratitis were studied against 20 healthy controls of contact lens users. Conventional culture and sensitivity testing was done for all cases as standard diagnostic approach. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the most common causative organism (15 cases; 64.9%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (8 cases; 25.0 %). Most common predisposing factor was found to be bad hand hygiene, followed by the type of lens used which was worse for the extended than the daily used and finally the frequency of lens solution exchange. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility test (Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Polymyxin B) group treatment was the most effective combined antimicrobial treatment.
Adoption of organic vegetable production practices in West Java and Bali, Indonesia

One of the challenges in developing organic agricultural production in Indonesia is� increasing� farmers'� awareness� of� organic� farming methods to grow high quality organic products. Recognizing the need for research and development of organic agriculture, the Development of New Bio-Agents for Alternative Farming (DNBAF) project established pilot farms in West Java and Bali in 2005 in order to field test the use of bio-pesticides and compost. Since lack of extension is a constraint in developing organic agriculture in Indonesia,� it� is� important� to� understand� what� factors� determine� farmers'� knowledge� of� organic farming methods. The goal of this study was to determine the factors associated with awareness of organic vegetable production practices including bio-pesticides and compost in West Java and Bali, Indonesia. The study tested the hypothesis that socio- economic variables affect the farmers'� familiarity� with� bio -pesticides and compost. The socio-economic variables examined were: respondent's location, gender, age, education level, household size, number of family laborers, farming experience, farm size, distance to the pilot farm, irrigation sources, land tenure status, net revenue of cabbage, tomato, carrot production, exposure to the pilot farm and any information source groups (media, extension, farmer and commercial groups). Data were collected using a face-to-face survey. In the survey, a total of 627 households of vegetable farmers surrounding the pilot farms in West Java and Bali constituted the population, and 210 farmers selected by a systematic random sampling method were interviewed. The study hypothesis was tested by a binary logit analysis. The binary logit analysis showed that the factors associated with awareness of the practices included: location, gender, educational level, distance to the pilot farms, exposure to the pilot farms, and information sources.
ANATOLE KATOK’S WORK ON COHOMOLOGY AND GEOMETRIC RIGIDITY

A BSTRACT . We will provide a brief introduction to one major part of Anatole Katok’swork, concerninggeometricrigidity. Thisincludeshowregularityprop-erties of dynamically deﬁned foliations lead to rigidity, and the fascinating storyofsmoothrigidityofhigherrankactionsbyabelianandsemisimplegroups and their lattices. We will also some of the further progress made, and discuss some open problems.
Internal attributions in an intergroup business setting

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Fencing arti ﬁ cial waterpoints failed to in ﬂ uence density and distribution of red kangaroos ( Macropus rufus )

Provision of arti ﬁ cial waterpoints inAustralian rangelands has resulted inan increase in the range and density of kangaroos. At high densities, kangaroos can inhibit vegetation regeneration, particularly in some protected areas where harvestingisprohibited.Fencingoffwaterpointshasbeenproposedtolimittheseimpacts. Ouraimwastodeterminewhether fencingoffwaterpointsduringadrought(whenkangarooswouldbeespeciallywater-limited)wouldin ﬂ uence the density and distribution of red kangaroos ( Macropus rufus ). Two waterpoints were fenced within the ﬁ rst 6 months of the 27-month studyandafurthertwowaterpointswerekeptunfencedascontrolsinIdaliaNationalPark,westernQueensland.Weestimated kangaroodensitiesaroundwaterpointsfromwalkedline-transectcounts,andtheirgrazingdistributionfromdung-pellet counts.Fencingoffwaterpointsfailedtoin ﬂ uence either the density or distribution up to 4 km from the waterpoints. Our results indicate that food availability, rather than the location of waterpoints, determines kangaroo distribution. Few areas in the rangelands are beyond kangaroos ’ convenient reach from permanent waterpoints. Therefore, fencing off waterpoints without explicitly considering the spatial context in relation to other available water sources will fail to achieve vegetation regeneration.
Comparison of geographic distribution models of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) subspecies in Mexico: biological and management implications

The white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) is the most widely distributed and studied ungulate in the American continent. This species is found throughout Mexico, except on the peninsula of Baja California and some areas of northern Chihuahua and Sonora. In this study we compared three geographic distribution models (Kellogg 1956; Hall 1981; Villarreal 1999) of white-tailed deer subspecies on a national scale, by state and by principal vegetation types. We found that neither the number of subspecies (13 or 14 of the 38 recognised subspecies), nor the geographical limits between subspecies coincided completely between models. Furthermore, for several subspecies, marked differences in distribution area were found depending on the distribution model used. Using multivariate analyses, we found that the 14 subspecies can be separated into three groups associated with different vegetation types: the northern subspecies associated with shrub land, the Pacific subspecies associated with temperate forest and tropical dry forest, and the south-eastern subspecies associated with tropical evergreen forest, cloud forest and tropical semi-deciduous forest. We suggest the classification of the 14 subspecies into three ecoregions. The data analyzed here is relevant to the management and conservation of the white-tailed deer subspecies and/or geographical variations in Mexico; it is also important to avoid the translocation of individuals into inappropriate areas with respect to their evolution and adaptation to different ecoregions.
Organic facies and geochemical aspects in Neogene neritic sediments of the Takafu syncline area of central Japan: Paleoenvironmental and sedimentological reconstructions

Abstract Organic petrological observations of kerogen macerals and organic geochemical analyses of carbon isotopes of kerogen macerals and biomarkers were conducted on Neogene neritic sediments of the Takafu syncline area of central Japan. The Senmi, Sakainomiya and Lower Shigarami Formations in that area were deposited at the neritic provinces on the southern edge of the paleo‐Japan Sea during the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene. Sedimentary organic matter in these formations was almost terrigenous in origin. Changes in kerogen maceral compositions reflect sedimentological and tectonic histories evaluated in previous studies from sedimentary facies and paleontology. It was found that carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of kerogen macerals increased from −28‰ to −25‰ from the Sakainomiya to the lower part of the Lower Shigarami Formations. The cause of that increase was presumably the expansion of C4 plants into southwest Japan. The timing was concordant with that of the expansion of C4 plant grasslands in East Asia. The oxicity (oxic to anoxic) conditions of sea bottoms evaluated from pristane/phytane ratios varied. Particularly, in the lower part of the Senmi Formation, layers in which no steroid biomarkers could be detected were found, and had presumably formed under oxic conditions when strong biodegradation had occurred. Concentrations of regular (C27–C29) steranes and dinosteranes were higher in the Sakainomiya and Lower Shigarami Formations. This indicates that dinoflagellates‐dominant primary productions were higher at those stages. In addition, concentrations of diatomaceous biomarkers such as C26 norsterane increased from the Lower Shigarami Formation, thus adding diatoms to the major producers. Furthermore, similar associations between the increases of δ13C values of kerogen macerals and concentrations of diatomaceous biomarkers were observed in the Takafu syncline area. Thus, the expansion of C4 plants was possibly associated with the high production of diatom in the shallow‐marine areas of the paleo‐Japan Sea during the Neogene Period.