Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous occurrence of ionization ledge and counterelectrojet in the equatorial ionosphere: observational evidence and its implications

In this paper we present observational evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of an ionization ledge in the topside and a counterelectrojet in the E-region altitudes of the equatorial ionosphere. The following morphological features of the ionization ledge are found to be the same as those of the counterelectrojet phenomenon: namely, occurrence on a sequence of days in succession, preferential occurrence during a solar minimum period as compared with a solar maximum period, occurrence in a limited longitudinal belt, and lunar control of the occurrence as revealed by our data.There is also a high degree of correlation on both magnetically quiet and magnetically disturbed days between the ionization ledge and the counterelectrojet. Our study brings out a close coupling in the occurrence and morphological features of the two low-latitude phenomena, even though they are widely separated in altitude. The implications of such a correlation, with special reference to the understanding of the dynamical coupling.
Surface morphology at nanometer level and optical phase retardation of rubbed alignment films

The surface morphology of rubbed polyimide LC aligning films has been studied by scanning force microscopy. We examined three types of alignment film: HT-210, AL-1051 (main chain type) and AL-8044 (side chain type) polyimide surfaces. The rubbed polyimide surfaces show anisotropic alignment of the polymer chain cluster, and a microgroove between the ripple pattern streaks. Also, they are periodically oriented along the rubbing direction. The optical phase retardation of the rubbed surface does not increase with increased cumulative time of rubbing, On the other hand, it increases monotonically with increasing rubbing depth.
RENEWAL THEORY FOR MARKOV CHAINS ON THE REAL LINE

R(s) = h(s) + E,[R(Si)]. In our generalization of renewal theory we let the sequence {Si} io be a Markov chain on the real line with stationary transition probabilities. This type of process will be called a generalized random walk, or GRW, to distinguish it from an ordinary random walk in which the increments or steps, Zi = S, Si-,, are i i.d. random variables. The starting position of the GRW will be called s. For a continuation set 'S, we define an extended Markov stopping time
Global‐scale convective aggregation: Implications for the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

Previous work has shown that convection will self‐organize in cloud‐system‐resolving model simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium, and it has been suggested that the convective envelope of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) may be organized by similar processes on a much larger scale. Here we present support for that hypothesis based on simulations with SP‐CAM with globally uniform SST. Without rotation, convection self‐organizes into large (∼4000 km) clusters surrounded by dry regions, while with Earth‐like rotation the model produces a robust MJO. The nonrotating aggregation and MJO are found to have similar budgets of moist static energy, both being supported by diabatic feedbacks, particularly cloud‐longwave interaction. Mechanism denial experiments show that longwave heating anomalies associated with high clouds are essential to the nonrotating aggregation, and amplify the MJO. Simulations using the conventional CAM show a weaker MJO and a much weaker tendency for nonrotating aggregation, and both MJO activity and aggregation intensity are found to increase with the entrainment rate in the deep convection parameterization.
Enhanced system for ns2 trace file analysis with network performance evaluation

One of the critical challenges facing operators around the world is how to ensure that everything is running smoothly as well as how to analyze the performance of the network. Nonetheless, the analytic system must be precise, user-friendly, and quick enough to depict network performance in real time. Network performance is essential for ensuring service quality. In this light, the Network Simulator NS-2 is generally employed for network research on the widely-used UNIX and Windows systems. Next, the network scenarios are generated using network simulation scripts, and upon completion of the simulation, trace files that record network events are generated. Information that might be utilized in a performance study could be recorded in trace files. This could include the total number of packets sent, their arrival times, any delays or losses, and so on. This trace file analysis problem arises mostly because NS-2 does not provide any visualization options for analyzing simulation results (trace files). A system is proposed to analyze the NS2 trace file and facilitate data extraction and evaluation. The main feature of this system is the Java language for network performance evaluation. And to prove the validity of the system, the system was compared with the Trace graph, where the speed of the new system was very high.
Transformasi Media Pembelajaran Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat kampung Choblong Cibeureum Cisarua Bogor tentang ragam ragam media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan selama kegiatan pembelajaran jarak jauh (learning from home). Sasaran pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah masyarakat di wilayah desa Cibeureum Cisarua, Bogor. Permasalahan mitra dapat diselesaikan melalui tiga tahapan: persiapan, pelaksaan, dan evaluasi. Persiapan dilakukan dengan melakukan survey pendahuluan untuk melihat kondisi di lapangan mengenai pembelajaran jarak jauh di masa pandemic Covid-19. Pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan penyuluhan, menggunakan metode ceramah yaitu dengan teknik presentasi, dilanjutkan dengan diskusi tanya jawab dan latihan membuka link penyedia pembelajaran online gratis sebagai media pembelajaran menarik berbasis online. Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan untuk masingmasing tahap dengan mengumpulkan dan menyimpulkan data dari masing-masing tahapan kegiatan. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan dengan indikasi adanya respon yang positif dari peserta, dan sebagian besar (75%) peserta telah memahami bagaimana cara membuka link penyedia pembelajaran secara online. Kata Kunci: media, pembelajaran,online, jarak jauh
Effects of sodium diacetate and microbial inoculants on fermentation of forage rye

Abstract Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea but there is limited information about the impact of chemical and biological additives on fermentation characteristics of the crop. This experiment was conducted to investigate fermentation dynamics of wilted forage rye treated with the following six additives; control (no additive), sodium diacetate applied at 3 g/kg wilted forage weight (SDA3), 6 g/kg wilted forage weight (SDA6), inoculations (106 CFU/g wilted forage) of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), L. buchneri (LB), or LP+LB. The ensiled rye sampled at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days indicated that the acidification occurred fast within five days of storage than the rest of the storage period. The microbial inoculants decline the pH of ensiled forage, more rapidly than the control or SDA treated, which accompanied by the decrease of water-soluble carbohydrates and increase of lactic acid. Compared with the control silage, all treatments suppressed ammonia-nitrogen formation below to 35 g/kg DM throughout the sampling period. Suppression of total microbial counting occurred in SDA6, LP, and LP + LB. The lactic acid production rates were generally higher in microbial inoculation treatments. Acetic acid concentration was lowest in the LP-treated silage and highest in the SDA- and LB-treated silages. The in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and total digestible nutrients were the highest in the silage treated with SDA (6 g/kg) at day 45 of ensiling. Based on lower ammonia-nitrogen concentrations and higher feed value, ensiling forage rye treated with SDA at 6 g/kg is promising through enhanced silage quality.
Scientific observations with MIDI on the VLTI: present and future

In April 2004, MIDI, the first of the two first generation instruments of the VLT interferometer, started official operation as a facility instrument on Paranal. It allows interferometric observations covering the full astronomical N band (7.8 μm - 13.5 μm). Initially, only observations with low spectral resolution λ/Δλ ~ 30 were offered. Examples for observations in this observing mode are presented in order to document the performance of the instrument. A number of new instrumental options are in preparation, which should render future observing with this instrument more sensitive, more accurate and more versatile.
Characterization of Pt/multiferroic BiFeO3/(Ba,Sr)TiO3/Si stacks for nonvolatile memory applications

The Pt/BiFeO3(BFO)/(Ba,Sr)TiO3(BST)/Si metal-ferroelectric-insulator/Si (MFIS) structures were fabricated by rf-magnetron sputtering. The electric properties of the BFO ferroelectric film with BST insulating buffer on Si substrates were investigated. BST demonstrates excellent insulating properties on Si substrates. The MFIS structure exhibits clockwise capacitance-voltage hysteresis loops due to the ferroelectric polarization of BFO. The maximum memory window of the MFIS is 3.86 V, which is a remarkable improvement in comparison with previously reported 0.8 V. Trapped charge and charge injection are found to initiate when the sweeping voltage is higher than 8 and 9 V, respectively.
Limit behavior of nonlinear stochastic wave equations with singular perturbation

Dynamical behavior of the following nonlinear stochastic damped wave equations $ \nu $utt$+u_t=$Δ$u+f(u)+$e$\dot{W}$ on an open bounded domain $D\subset\R^n$, $1\leq n\leq 3$,, is studied in the sense of distribution for small $\nu, $e$>0$. Here $\nu$ is the parameter that describes the singular perturbation. First, by a decomposition of Markov semigroup defined by (1), a stationary solution is constructed which describes the asymptotic behavior of solution from initial value in state space $H_0^1(D)\times L^2(D)$. Then a global measure attractor is constructed for (1). Furthermore under the case that the stochastic force is proportional to the square root of singular perturbation, that is e$=\sqrt{\nu}$, we study the limit of the behavior of all the stationary solutions of (1) as $\nu\rightarrow 0$. It is shown that, by studying a continuity property on $\nu$ for the measure attractors of (1), any one stationary solution of the limit equation $u_t=$Δ$u+f(u). $ is a limit point of a stationary solution of (1), as $\nu\rightarrow 0$.
Do Storage Conditions Affect Collected Cookstove Emission Samples? Implications for Field Studies

Abstract Cookstove emissions are a significant source of indoor air pollution in developing countries and rural communities world-wide. Considering that many research sites for evaluating cookstove emissions and interventions are remote and require potentially lengthy periods of particulate matter (PM) filter sample storage in sub-optimal conditions (e.g., lack of cold storage), an important question is whether samples collected in the field are stable over time. To investigate this, red oak was burned in a natural-draft stove, and fine PM (PM2.5) was collected on polytetrafluoroethylene filters. Filters were stored at either ambient temperature or more optimal conditions (−20 °C or −80 °C) for up to 3 months and extracted. The effects of storage temperature and length on stability were evaluated for measurements of extractable organic matter (EOM), PM2.5, and polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) levels in the filter extracts. A parallel, controlled laboratory condition was also evaluated to further explore sources of variability. In general, PM2.5 and EOM in both simulated field and laboratory samples were similar regardless of the storage condition or duration. The extracts were also analyzed by gas chromatography to quantify 22 PACs and determine similarities and/or differences between the conditions. PAC levels were a more sensitive stability measure in differentiating between storage conditions. The findings suggest that measurements are relatively consistent across storage duration/temperatures for filter samples with relatively low EOM levels. This study aims to inform protocols and filter storage procedures for exposure and intervention research conducted in low- and middle-income countries where studies may be budget- and infrastructure-limited.
Mechanisms of Action of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation with Weak Non-Constant Current Stimulation Approaches

Objective: Non-constant current stimulation (NCCS) is a neuromodulatory method in which weak alternating, pulsed or random currents are delivered to the human head via scalp or earlobe electrodes. This approach is widely used in basic and translational studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of NCCS, which lead to biological and behavioral effects in the brain, remain largely unknown. In this review, we characterize NCCS techniques currently being utilized in neuroscience investigations, including transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), and cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES). Method: We unsystematically searched all relevant conference papers, journal articles, chapters, and textbooks on the biological mechanisms of NCCS techniques. Results: The fundamental idea of NCCS is that these low-level currents can interact with neuronal activity, modulate neuroplasticity and entrain cortical networks, thus, modifying cognition and behavior. We elucidate the mechanisms of action for each NCCS technique. These techniques may cause microscopic effects (such as affecting ion channels and neurotransmission systems) and macroscopic effects (such as affecting brain oscillations and functional connectivity) on the brain through different mechanisms of action (such as neural entrainment and stochastic resonance). Conclusion: The appeal of NCCS is its potential to modulate neuroplasticity noninvasively, along with the ease of use and good tolerability. Promising and interesting evidence has been reported for the capacity of NCCS to affect neural circuits and the behaviors under their control. Today, the challenge is to utilize this advancement optimally. Continuing methodological advancements with NCCS approaches will enable researchers to better understand how NCCS can be utilized for the modulation of nervous system activity and subsequent behaviors, with possible applications to non-clinical and clinical practices.
SGSI – A Scalable GPU-Friendly Subgraph Isomorphism Algorithm

Due to the inherent hardness of subgraph isomorphism, the performance is often a bottleneck in various real-world applications. We address this by designing an efficient subgraph isomorphism algorithm leveraging features of GPU architecture. Existing GPU-based solutions adopt two-step output scheme, performing the same join twice in order to write intermediate results concurrently. They also lack GPU architecture-aware optimizations that allow scaling to large graphs. In this article, we propose a Scalable GPU-friendly subgraph isomorphism algorithm, SGSI. SGSI incorporates a Prealloc-Combine strategy based on the vertex-oriented framework, which avoids joining-twice in existing solutions. It uses a GPU-friendly data structure (called PCSR) to represent an edge-labeled graph. We also study fine-grained load balance strategies and discuss how to handle enormous graphs that cannot be resident in GPU memory. A partition-based pipeline framework is proposed. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real graphs show that SGSI outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms by up to several orders of magnitude and has a good scalability with graph size scaling to billions of edges.
Design of support pillar arrays in flat evacuated windows

Flat evacuated glazing consists of two plane sheets of glass separated by a narrow evacuated space. These structures must incorporate an array of support pillars in order to maintain the separation of the glass plates under the influence of atmospheric pressure forces. A design procedure is outlined for determining the dimensions of this pillar array. Two important constraints in the design process are the mechanical tensile stress on the outside of the glass plates near the pillar, and the thermal conductance through the array of support pillars. A third constraint arises because of stress concentration near the pillars on the inside of the window. Evacuated windows having usefully low values of thermal conductance through the pillar array and tolerably small levels of exterior tensile stress can only be produced if large stresses exist on the inside of the structure in the region of the glass plates near the support pillars. The implications of these stresses are discussed. It is concluded that it is possible to design a pillar array for which the localised tensile stresses and overall thermal conductance have usefully small values.
Diffusion study of the exchange-biased NiFe/MnIr/CoFe electrode in magnetic tunnel junctions

The exchange-biased electrode of magnetic tunneling junctions with under- and overoxidized AlOx insulator layers were annealed at 300 °C to study the extent of the Mn diffusion. A significant amount of Mn diffusion into the AlOx layer was observed in the overoxidized junction sample from Auger electron spectroscopy and the extent of Mn diffusion increased with increasing oxidation time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved that Mn found at the CoFe/AlOx interface in the overoxidized junction sample was in the form of Mn oxide. The XPS data suggest that the Mn diffusion was accelerated by the preferential oxidation of Mn at the CoFe/AlOx interface.
Effects of dual-task training on gait and motor ability in patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world, which seriously damages motor and balance ability. Dual-task training is discussed as an appropriate intervention. The aim of this review was to synthesize the existing research findings on the efficacy of dual-task training for people with Parkinson's disease. Data resources A systematic search on PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, and PEDro, randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) of dual-task training for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Methods Articles published until 1 November 2022 were included. Our search identified 7 RCTs with a total of 406 subjects. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for bias evaluation and to process the results of the outcome measures collected from the investigations. Results Dual-task training was associated with significant improvement in most motor and balance outcomes including gait velocity (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.37–0.87; I2 = 31%; P = 0.21), cadence (SMD = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.05–0.53; I2 = 0%; P = 0.71), timed-up-and-go test (mean difference (MD) = -2.38; 95% CI, −3.93 to −0.84; I2 = 32%; P = 0.22) and mini-balance evaluation systems test (MD = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.05–3.03; I2 = 0%; P = 0.92). Conclusion Evidence from meta-analyses suggests that dual-task training may improve motor and balance abilities in Parkinson's disease patients. Future research should focus on finding the most appropriate dual-task treatment model for patients with different degrees, in order to further improve the rehabilitation treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Covariant kinematics for the production of spacelike particles

The kinematic problem connected with the production of particles with spacelike four-momentum is analyzed in its simplest form: the decay of an ordinary particle into b ordinary particles, luxons, and t spacelike particles. What, apart from four-momentum conservation, are the kinematic constraints that guarantee stable finite kinematic limits and a finite number b+t.
Influence of core flows on the decade variations of the polar motion

Abstract We address the possibility for the core flows that generate the geomagnetic field to contribute significantly to the decade variations of the mean pole position (generally called the Markowitz wobble). This assumption is made plausible by the observation that the flow at the surface of the core-estimated from the geomagnetic secular variation models-experiences important changes on this time scale. We discard the viscous and electromagnetic core-mantle couplings and consider only the pressure torque γ pf resulting from the fluid flow overpressure acting on the non-spherical core-mantle boundary (CMB) at the bottom of the mantle, and the gravity torque γ gf due to the density heterogeneity driving the core flow. We show that forces within the core balance each other on the time scale considered and, using global integrals over the core, the mantle and the whole Earth, we write Euler's equation for the mantle in terms of two more useful torques γ Pgeo and γ. The “geostrophic torque”, γ Pgeo incorpo.
The Use of Synthetic Hurricane Tracks in Risk Analysis and Climate Change Damage Assessment

Because of the lack of data on past hurricanes, empirical evaluations of the statistics needed for risk management are very uncertain. To overcome this problem, a hurricane model is used to produce large sets of synthetic hurricane tracks. After a validation of the model, these synthetic tracks are used to assess statistics, which are impossible to derive with enough confidence from historical series. This method provides, for 11 regions of the U.S. Atlantic coast, the annual landfall probabilities of hurricanes belonging to each category of the Saffir-Simpson scale. This model can be used to investigate the future of hurricane risks. As a first step, the model is run with a 10-percent increase in potential intensity. In such an environment, according to the model, annual landfall probabilities increase in all regions, especially for the strongest hurricanes. The vulnerability of each U.S. coastal county is then calibrated using data on past hurricanes and their normalized economic losses. The increase in annual hurricane damages due to a 10 percent increase in potential intensity can be evaluated at +54 percent, meaning that the average normalized losses caused by hurricanes would increase from approximately $8 billion to about $12 billion a year. These results suggest that hurricane losses are very sensitive to changes in potential intensity and may rise significantly in response to climate change. This paper calls, therefore, for taking into account hurricane damages in the analysis of climate policies, even though other factors like population evolution, economic growth and preparedness may be prevailing over climate change in the driving of hurricane damages.
Computer simulations of rapid granular shear flows between parallel bumpy boundaries

In this Brief Communication the results of numerical simulations for the rapid, steady shear flow of identical disks are compared with the recent predictions of Hanes et al. [J. Appl. Mech. 55, 969 (1988)] for the shear stress, normal stress, and gap width. The smooth and nearly elastic disks are driven by identical, parallel, bumpy boundaries. The variations of the dynamic friction coefficient are confirmed by the simulations. The coefficient may be made large or small by suitably preparing the boundaries of the cell. The simulations also indicate that the predictions of kinetic theory apply to gaps as small as three particle diameters in width.