Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Acid-Modified Ethiopian Potato (Plectranthus edulis) Starch as Directly Compressible Tablet Excipient

Ethiopian potato is one of the tuber-bearing members of the family Lamiaceae. It is an indigenous crop in Ethiopia and important source of starch. Unprocessed native starches are structurally weak and functionally restricted for application in pharmaceutical technologies. Consequently, starch is usually modified either chemically or physically to make it convenient for industrial use. The aim of the study was to prepare and characterize acid-modified Ethiopian potato starch (AMEPS) and evaluate its functionality as a direct compressible excipient in tablet formulations. The extracted starch from Ethiopian potato tuber was modified using 6% HCl concentration for 8 days, then dried using oven and spray drying techniques, and subsequently evaluated and compared with the native Ethiopian potato starch (NEPS) and S1500® as a direct compressible excipient. Acid modification of the NEPS decreased the moisture content and swelling power while increased the percent solubility. The X-ray diffraction revealed that both the NEPS and AMEPS have B-type crystal patterns. The AMEPS showed improved flowability compared to the NEPS. This improvement was further enhanced by the spray drying process. The compactability study revealed that the tensile strength of spray-dried AMEPS (16.76 kg/cm2) was significantly higher than that of the spray-dried NEPS (7.07 kg/cm2) and S1500® (11.66 kg/cm2). The AMEPS was less sensitive to lubricants compared to the NEPS and Starch 1500®. Similarly, the dilution potential of the AMEPS was superior to the NEPS and S1500®. The AMEPS accommodated up to 50% of paracetamol while the NEPS and S1500® were able to hold only up to 30%. Pharmacopoeial specifications for disintegration and dissolution were met by the paracetamol tablets prepared by AMEPS. Thus, considering all the results obtained, spray-dried AMEPS could be a potential alternative directly compressible tablet excipient.
An Analysis of Condolences Speech Act by Indonesian Adolescents

This study aims to identify strategies in condolence expressions and explain the effect of power and distance on the choice of condolences strategies used by 20 Indonesian adolescents at the age of 11 to 19 years old. The study was employed by using a qualitative descriptive method. In the form of discourse completion task (DCT), the data were analyzed using Elwood's (2004) classification of condolences strategies and Brown and Levinson's (1987) theory of politeness. Based on 20 condolence expressions for each given situation, the findings reveal first, seeking absolution from God and expression of sympathy appears as the dominant strategy used by the respondents with 27.3% and 26.9% occurrences respectively, followed by future-oriented remarks (18.1%), an offer of assistance (12.3%), expression of concern (7.5%), related question (6.6%), and acknowledgment of the death (1.3%). Moreover, the finding also shows that variation in strategies of condolence expression appears to be motivated by the factors of the relationship. In more distant relationships, the respondents use lower risk strategies, while those who involve in a closer relationship would choose strategies of higher risk. The findings of the study indicate that the collectivistic norms and religious background of respondents can strongly affect their strategies choices in expressing condolences.
Thyroid Doses in Children from Radioiodine following the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

Background: Huge amounts of radionuclides were released into the environment due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, which caused not only serious contamination on the ground, but also radiation exposure to the public. One problem that remains in performing the dose estimation is the difficulty of estimating the internal thyroid dose due to the intake of radioiodine (mainly, 131I) because of limitations to the human data available.
A study to assess knowledge and skill among doctors about hand hygiene, WHO five moments, personal protective equipment’s and assess the impact of educational intervention, in tertiary care hospital, Al Qassim provenance of Saudi Arabia

Hand hygiene (HH) is now to be considered as one of the most important effective measure of infection control activities. This is because enough scientific evidence suggested the observation that if properly implemented, hand hygiene alone can significantly reduce the risk of cross-transmission of infection in healthcare facilities (HCFs). Semmelweis worked in the Great hospital in Vienna in the 1840s, there were two maternity clinics in the hospital, with alternate day admission policy, the first clinic was attended by medical students, who moved straight from autopsy rooms to the delivery suite and had an average maternal mortality rate due to puerperal fever of about 10 per cent. The second clinic, attended by midwives had a maternal mortality of only 2 per cent. The puzzled Semmelweis got a breakthrough in 1847, following the death of colleague Jokob Kolletschka, who ABSTRACT
Chinese dialects, revolutionary war & economic performance

In this paper, we explore the effects of dialectal diversity on economic performance by drawing evidence from Chinese prefecture-level cities. Our dataset is a panel of 5-year average data over the period from 2001 to 2015 including 274 cities. We compute five indices of Chinese dialectal diversity: 1. Dialectal fractionalization; 2. Adjusted dialectal fractionalization; 3. Dialectal polarization; 4. Adjusted dialectal polarization and 5. Periphery heterogeneity. We find that dialectal fractionalization and dialectal polarization as well as periphery heterogeneity have a positive effect on both income per capita and economic growth. Adjusted dialectal fractionalization exhibits a positive effect only on the change in economic growth over time. However, adjusted dialectal polarization does not show any robust effects. Furthermore, the experience of being governed by the Chinese Communist Party during the revolutionary war inhibits the negative effects of dialectal diversity in eastern China, while it has persistent negative effects in central and north-eastern regions of the country.
Prescription Monitoring Programs: Striking the Balance Between Medical Use and Diversion

&NA; Over the past decade, the medical use, abuse, and diversion of controlled prescription medications has markedly risen, resulting in increased overdose, death, and need for treatment. In 2006, in response to this growing public health problem, the Office of National Drug Control Policy called for a 15% reduction in prescription drug abuse and diversion. Addressing the fine balance between reductions in prescription abuse without attendant reductions in legitimate medical access remains a primary challenge. In its mandate, the ONDCP called for expansion of the Prescription Monitoring Programs (PMPs), state‐level initiatives intended to monitor the prescribing, dispensing, and consumption of targeted pharmaceutical products. To date, 38 states have adopted a PMP. Rigorous empirical evaluation of these programs is scant, with findings suggesting that paper‐based programs markedly reduce use of controlled prescription medications; however, it is not clear whether these reductions are due to decreases in abuse and diversion and/or decreases in medical use. Despite Federal expenditures exceeding $100 million, and considerably more by State governments, the effectiveness of PMPs in reducing prescription drug abuse and diversion remains unclear.
Markov-modulated M/G/1-type queue in heavy traffic and its application to time-sharing disciplines

This paper deals with a single-server queue with modulated arrivais, ser­ vice requirements and service capacity. In our first result, we derive the mean of the total workload assuming generally distributed service requirements and any service discipline which does not depend on the modulating environment. We then show that the workload is exponentially distributed under heavy-traffic scaling. In our second result, we focus on the discriminatory processor sharing (DPS) discipline. Assurning exponential, class-dependent service requirements, we show that the joint distribution of the queue lengths of different customer classes under DPS undergoes a state-space collapse when subject to heavy-traffic scaling. That is, the limiting distribution of the queue-length vector is shown to be exponential, tirnes a deterrninistic vector. The dis­tribution of the scaled workload, as derived for general service disciplines, is a key quantity in the proof of the state-space collapse.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Types and Microelements on Growth, Yield and Chemical Constituents of Tuberous Root of Sweet Potato (Ipomoean batatas L, Lam)

In this study, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer types, micronutrients mixture concentrations foliar application and their interactions on growth, yield of tuberous root and chemical characteristics of sweet potato were investigated. The treatments included four nitrogen fertilizer types; 60 kg fed. (full recommended dose of mineral N fertilizer) ;15 kg fed. mineral N fertilizer (1/4 recommended dose) + 1.5 m compost fed. ; 30 kg N fed. mineral N fertilizer ( 1/2 recommended dose) + 1 m compost fed. and 45 kg fed. mineral N fertilizer (3/4 recommended dose)+ 0.5 m compost fed. Four foliar application of micronutrients mixture concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 30 g 100 l H2O). The obtained result indicated that application of full recommended dose of mineral N fertilizer significantly increased plant length, number of branches, vine fresh weight, root length, root diameter, number of root plant and total yield characters. However 15 kg fed. mineral N fertilizer (1/4 recommended dose) + 1.5 m compost fed. or 30 kg fed. mineral N fertilizer (1/2 recommended dose) +1 m compost fed. gave the highest mean values of total sugars, starch, root dry matter and carotene. Moreover, micronutrient at 30 g 100 l increased significantly all the vegetable and yield characters. The best results on vegetative growth, yield and chemical constituents were achieved when sweet potato plants fertilized with full recommended N and foliar application with 30 g 100 l micronutrient.
METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE CRITICAL RESISTANCE FOR THE DEADLIFT

OF THESIS METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE CRITICAL RESISTANCE FOR THE DEADLIFT This study determined if plate movement during conventional deadlifting affects critical resistance (CR) estimates derived from the linear work limit (Wlim) versus repetitions relationship. Eleven subjects completed 1-repetition maximum (1RM) deadlift testing followed by 8 visits, to determine the number of repetitions to failure at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% 1RM for both reset (RS) and touch-and-go (TG) methods, respectively. The CR was calculated as slope of the line of total work completed (repetitions × load [in kilograms]) versus total repetitions for each of four intensities (50-80% 1RM). The number of repetitions to failure were determined at CRRS and CRTG. The kg values and repetitions to failure at CRRS and CRTG, as well as total repetitions at each intensity (50-80%) for each method (RS and TG) were compared using paired-samples t-tests and simple linear regression. There were no significant mean differences in kg values (mean difference = 0.4  7.9 kg, p = 0.856, 95% CI = -5.8 – 4.9 kg, d = -0.028), %1RM (mean difference = 1.2%  5.6%, p = 0.510, 95% CI = -4.9 – 2.6%, d = -0.234), or total repetitions completed (mean difference = 2.8  15.7 reps, p = 0.565, 95% CI = -7.7 – 13.4, d = 0.188) for CRRS and CRTG. There was a significant correlation between CRRS and CRTG kg resistance (r = 0.888, p < 0.001). These findings indicated that plate movement did not affect mean estimation of CR or number of repetitions completed at submaximal loads. Thus, the estimates of CR from the modeling of total work versus repetitions were relatively robust to variations in deadlifting methodologies. However, individual variability (wide range in difference scores) in kg values and repetition to failure at CRRS and CRTG indicated that deadlifting methods may differ in anatomical region of fatigue.
A Case Report of Cytomegalovirus Esophagitis in an Immune-competent Patient

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) esophagitis usually occurs in immunocompromised individuals. Cases of Cytomegalovirus esophagitis in immunocompetent patients have not been reported yet in China. This report is mainly based on a case study and the relevant literature review to summarize the clinical manifestations, endoscopic characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of cytomegalovirus esophagitis in immunocompetent patients.
Does Expectation Influence Relationship? An Investigation of Parental Expectation and Parent-Child Relationship Among Selected Chinese Groups

Family is the primary learning environment for children. Parents are children’s first social network. Prior to and concurrent with school education, the critical influence of parental expectation eventually permeates into all aspects of an individual’s life. However, the subject of family relationships is rarely addressed within school curricula. Furthermore, due to some seemingly unreachable parental expectations and unbearable family discord, brokenness continues to increase. The influence of expectation on relations is an area of limited academic research. This study explores parental expectation and its influence on parent-child relationships, using mixed methods: qualitative research methods involving interviews and focus group studies; and quantitative research utilizing a 41 item Likert scale questionnaire which was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in order to identify underlying relationships among measured variables. This exploratory study establishes the basis to encourage further research on the topic of expectations and relationships.
A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of Teachers’ Beliefs and Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching on Students’ Mathematics Achievement

Teachers’ content knowledge and beliefs about teaching and learning are among the key factors for effective teaching and, in turn, for student achievement-related outcomes. This study explores the extent to which K-8 math teachers’—who teach in high-poverty urban schools—professional background, motivational beliefs, and mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) have an impact on students’ math achievement. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) results indicated that although students’ prior mathematics achievement was the most determining factor of their subsequent math achievement, teachers’ MKT and holding a bachelor’s degree in mathematics had significant positive effects on students’ math achievement. Results provide support for professional development (PD) to focus on improving mathematics teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching. Results may also have implications for education policies at both the district and state level for teacher incentives to further develop teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching, especially for urban school teachers.
DETERMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME CARROT VARIETIES GROWN IN TURKEY

This study was conducted in Konya region where 60% of the carrot production of Turkey is realized. Eight different-colored carr ot varieties were used in the study and their sensory and chemical quality characteristics were determined. It was determined that the orange-colored root varieties were preferred mo re than those with other colored root varieties in terms of outer and inner color, juicin ess, taste and bitterness. A correlation between some sensory and chemical quality characteris tics was determined. The most phenolic matter content was determined in Purple carro t (163.52 mg 10 -2 g GAE) and Bolero (orange) (155.90 mg 10 -2 g GAE) varieties. The most antioxidant activity (45. 91% inhibition), dry matter content (16.77%), total sugar c ontent (8.27 g 10 -2 g) and β carotene (183.01 μg g ) content were determined in the Maestro (orange) v ariety. It was determined that the orange colored was preferred more th an t e other colored varieties in terms of sensory features.
THE EUROPEANS’DECISION OF SAVING FOR RETIREMENT: A GENDER ANALYSIS

the purpose of this paper is to investigate what factors are driving the saving behaviour of European individuals for their retirement and whether they differ by gender and country. Our evidence is based on a sample of 6,036 individuals from 8 European countries. The results show that although the percentage of savers for retirement varies widely across countries, the driving forces of this saving behavior are quite similar regardless the gender. Thus, this decision is positively related to the individuals ́ age, financial literacy, income, employment status and saving habit. In addition, the results suggest that country-level institutional factors also play a crucial role on the individual’s retirement attitudes. Finally, we find that women are more likely to save for retirement than men but the driving factors of this saving behaviour are practically the same for both genders.
Comparison of intensity modulated and 3- dimensional conformal ‎radiotherapy for prostate cancer using ‎6-MV and 15-MV photon ‎energies

Prostate cancer is one of the commonest cancers in men. The purpose of this work was to compare ‎between ‎intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy ‎‎(3D-CRT) planning in patients with prostate cancer using 6-MV and 15-MV photon energies. Twenty ‎patients with localized prostate cancer were planned on Xio treatment planning system. Four treatment ‎plans were generated for each patient. IMRT whether 6 or 15 MV beam was slightly better in terms of ‎target coverage but not significant (p>0.05) in comparison to 3D-CRT in both beam energies. IMRT ‎was better than 3D-CRT in terms of organs at risk (OARs) sparing and conformity index (CI) in both 6 ‎and 15-MV whereas 3D-CRT in both 6 and 15-MV yielded better homogeneity index (HI) compared ‎to IMRT 6 and 15-MV. The number of monitor units (MU) increased in IMRT compared to 3D-CRT. ‎Also,‎‏ ‏MU increased in low energy compared to high energy whether in 3D-CRT or IMRT (p<0.05). ‎When IMRT 6-MV and IMRT 15-MV were compared, no significant difference was found in terms of ‎target coverage and OARs except the rectum was better in IMRT 6-MV compared to IMRT 15-MV. ‎IMRT 6-MV technique should be prioritized when user has options for treatment and then 3D-CRT as ‎a second line when the former is not available. The choice of the energies (6 and 15MV) used with ‎‎3D-CRT depend largely on patient's body geometry while the use of high energy IMRT 15-MV is not ‎recommended. ‎
Optimization of Juice and Total Soluble Solids Concentration for the Preparation of Wild Jamun Syrup: Effect of Packaging Materials and Temperature Conditions on Nutritional Quality during Storage

Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) is a wild fruit with major importance due to its antioxidant activity, anthocyanins content and exotic taste besides high medicinal value. This fruit is known for its antidiabetic properties as its seeds contain glucoside “Jamboline”. Due to its perishable nature and neutraceutical importance present studies have been conducted for the preparation of syrup. Various TSS (65 and 70 °B) and juice (25, 30, 35 and 40%) ratios have been attempted to optimize proper syrup combination. The two packaging materials i.e. glass and PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) bottles were used to pack jamun syrup prepared by the best selected combination and stored for 6 months under ambient (18-22°C) and refrigerated temperature conditions (4–7°C). Based on organoleptic and some physico-chemical characteristics, syrup prepared with 35% jamun juice, 65°B TSS and 1.50% acid was considered best among 8 different treatment combinations of juice and TSS. Jamun syrup could be stored safely for a duration of six months under both the Original Research Article Bhatt et al.; CJAST, 39(5): 116-124, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 55661 117 ambient and refrigerated conditions without much difference in various quality parameters. Nevertheless, both PET and glass bottles have been considered appropriate as packaging material, with reasonably fewer changes taking place in glass bottles kept in refrigerated conditions.
SEALING ABILITY OF BIODENTINE AND SIMVASTATIN FOR REPAIR OF FURCATION PERFORATION USING DYE EXTRACTION METHOD

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the sealing ability of Biodentine and Simvastatin for the repair of furcal perforation using dye extraction method. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted permanent human mandibular first molars were selected. Access cavities were prepared in all first molars while perforations were made at the furcation areas of only twenty five molars. Grouping of samples was done as follows, Group 1 (n = 10) in which perforations were repaired with BiodentineTM, Group 2 (n = 10) in which perforations were repaired with Simvastatin, Group 3 (n = 5) in which perforations were left unrepaired (positive control) and Group 4 (n = 5) in which no perforations were done (negative control). The sealing ability in four groups was evaluated using dye extraction method. Statistical analysis was done using One-Way ANOVA test to compare the mean values of the different groups then pairwise comparisons were performed using Tukey’s posthoc test. Results: The highest dye absorbance was recorded for the positive control group (0.081 ± 0.013) while the lowest value was recorded for the negative control group (0.003 ± 0.002). The mean value of Biodentine group (0.025 ± 0.009) was significantly lower than Simvastatin (0.069 ± 0.011). Conclusion: Sealing ability of Biodentine is significantly better than Simvastatin in furcal perforation repair.
Associations between milking technology, herd size and milk production parameters on commercial dairy cattle farms

The aim of the study was to survey the milking technology and to analyse the associations between milking parlour type, herd size, and milk production parameters on dairy cattle farms. The milking technology was surveyed by using a questionnaire in 417 Hungarian dairy herds with 177,514 cows in 2017, and it was compared with their official farm milk production data. The surveyed farms were categorized according to their size (1-50, 51-300, 301-600, and >600 cows) and to their milking parlour types (herringbone, parallel, carousel, and others). The relationships were analysed by multivariate linear models, one-way ANOVA, and Fisher’s exact test. Pairwise comparisons were performed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. The prevailing type of milking parlour was herringbone (71.0 %), but on larger farms the occurrence of parallel and carousel parlours increased (p<0.001). The number of milking stalls per farm increased with herd size (p<0.001). Farms with herringbone parlour had significantly smaller number of milking stalls than that of parallel (p=0.022) and carousel (p<0.001) parlours, and the cows were mostly milked two times, while in carousel milking parlours mostly three times a day. As the herd size increased, so did daily milk yield (p<0.001) and daily milk production per cow (p<0.001). Herd size was associated with somatic cell count (p<0.001). The type of milking parlour showed significant association with daily milk yield (p=0.039) and dairy units with herringbone milking system had the lowest milk quality. Our findings show that herd size has greater impact on milk production parameters than milking technologies.