Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between gaming disorder and regional homogeneity in highly involved male adult gamers: A pilot resting‐state fMRI study

Gaming behavior can induce cerebral changes that may be related to the neurobiological features of gaming disorder (GD). Additionally, individuals with higher levels of depression or impulsivity are more likely to experience GD. Therefore, the present pilot study explored potential neurobiological correlates of GD in the context of depression and impulsivity, after accounting for video gaming behavior.
Heart rate turbulence in acute ischemic stroke

Background: Heart rate turbulence (HRT), an ECG-based marker of autonomic cardiac regulation, has shown high prognostic value in patients with established cardiovascular diseases, while data in patients with acute ischemic stroke are scarce. Patients and methods: The HRT parameters turbulence onset and turbulence slope were analyzed using Holter-ECG recordings from patients with acute ischemic stroke, consecutively enrolled in the prospective observational HEBRAS study. HRT was categorized as normal (category 0; both parameters normal), abnormal (category 1; one parameter abnormal), or severely abnormal (category 2; both parameters abnormal). Outcomes of interest were functional outcome according to modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months, mortality at 1 year, newly detected atrial fibrillation (AF), and evidence of focal myocardial fibrosis on cardiovascular MRI. Results: HRT was assessed in 335 patients in sinus rhythm (median age 69 years, 37% female, median NIHSS score 2 on admission), including 262 (78%) with normal HRT, 47 (14%) with abnormal and 26 (8%) with severely abnormal HRT. Compared with normal HRT, severely abnormal HRT was associated with increased disability [higher mRS] at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–6.6), new AF (aOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.1–10.6), MRI-detected myocardial fibrosis (aOR: 5.8, 95% CI: 1.3–25.9), but not with mortality at 1 year after stroke (aOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 0.7–13.9). Abnormal HRT was not associated with the analyzed outcomes. Conclusions: Severely abnormal HRT was associated with increased disability and previously unknown cardiac comorbidities. The potential role of HRT in selecting patients for extended AF monitoring and cardiac imaging should be further investigated.
Suspended sediment concentrations and the geomorphic effect of sub-bankfull flow in a central Australian stream

Data on suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) and channel change following a series of flows during 1995 are presented and compared with previously unpublished SSC for the region. Suspended sediment concentrations for the Todd River are generally lower than for other arid regions of Australia. Data are poorly correlated with discharge and peak concentrations reflect bed load entrainment at individual hydrograph peaks following troughs in multi-peaked flows. Peak SSC are higher for low flows, most likely, a dilution effect. Sub-bankfull flows are important agents of minor channel change and proto-flood-plain construction processes. Adjust- ments include the lateral filling of width irregularities, the formation and accretion of flood plain insets, the deposition of flood plain veneer and thalweg incision.
PASSIVE SEISMIC ANALYSES IN THE LAKE CHAPLAIN 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLE, KING AND SNOHOMISH COUNTIES, WASHINGTON

We performed active and passive surface wave methods at four sites in the Cherry Creek fault zone (CCFZ) in Lake Chaplain, Washington to detect the depth to bedrock below Quaternary deposits. The surface wave method was performed at four sites (PS-3, PS-1, PS-4 a nd PS-5) from east to west across the CCFZ with approximately one kilometer separations. We used a multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), a passive surface wave measurement using 4.5Hz geophones on a linear array (Linear-MAM) and a passive surface wave measurement using broadband accelerometers (SPAC) to obtain dispersion curves. Dispersion curves obtained by the three different methods are in excellent agreement in ranges of overlap. Maximum wavelengths obtained using the 2ST-SPAC, Linear-MAM and MASW were about 850, 200 and 50 m, respectively. As a rule of thumb, 1/2 to 1/3 of the maximum Rayleigh wave wavelength is indicative of the penetration depth of the surface wave method. The extremely deep penetration capability of the SPAC is obvious when compared to conventional surface wave methods, such as MASW or ReMi™. Phase velocities obtained from three methods were combined to produce a single dispersion curve for each site. The inversion scheme based on Genetic Algorithm was applied to the observed dispersion curves, resulting in the S-wave velocity site profiles. Results from the 2ST-SPAC survey near Sultan, Washington, near the Skykomish River (Figure 1a) provide estimates for the depth to bedrock below Quaternary sedimentary deposits as a companion study to the “Geologic map of the Lake Chaplin 7.5-minute quadrangle, King and Snohomish County, Washington” (Dragovich and others, 2014a). Four seismic survey sites marked PS-1, PS-3, PS-4 and PS-5 (Figure 1a) straddle the main strand of the Cherry Creek fault zone (CCFZ) as shown on Plate 1 of Dragovich and others (2013). Earlier study sites of Sultan B and Sultan C (Hayashi and others, 2014) are also shown for comparison (Figure 1a).
Acute Aerobic Exercise at Different Intensities Modulates Motor Learning Performance and Cortical Excitability in Sedentary Individuals

Abstract Converging evidence indicates the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on motor learning performance. Underlying mechanisms might be an impact of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity and cortical excitability. Evidence suggests that motor learning and cortical excitability alterations correlate with the intensity of aerobic exercise and the activity level of participants. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of different aerobic exercise intensities on motor learning and cortical excitability in sedentary individuals. The study was conducted in a crossover and double-blind design. Twenty-six healthy sedentary individuals (13 women and 13 men) performed a motor learning task and received a cortical excitability assessment before and after a single session of low-, moderate-, and high-intensity aerobic exercise or a control intervention. The study revealed that motor learning performance and cortical excitability were significantly enhanced in the moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, compared with the other conditions. These findings suggest aerobic exercise intensity-dependent effects on motor learning in sedentary adults. The underlying mechanism might be an exercised-induced alteration of cortical excitability, specifically a reduction of GABA activity.
Autopsy Histopathologic Lung Findings in Patients Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

CONTEXT. — Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used in the treatment of respiratory and cardiac failure, but data describing lung histopathology in ECMO recipients are limited. OBJECTIVE. — To examine pulmonary histopathologic findings in patients who underwent venovenous (VV) ECMO for pulmonary reasons, or venoarterial (VA) ECMO for cardiac indications shortly before death, and to determine if the pulmonary changes provided insights into therapy that may prevent complications and improve outcome. DESIGN. — We conducted a retrospective study of lung autopsies, from VV and VA ECMO recipients and patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and non-ECMO treatment, between 2008 and 2020 in Silesia Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland. RESULTS. — Among 83 ECMO patients (42-64 years; male, 57 [68.7%]), the most common histopathologic findings were bronchopneumonia (44 [53.0%]), interstitial edema (40 [48.2%]), diffuse alveolar damage (DAD; 32 [38.6%]), hemorrhagic infarct (28 [33.7%]), and pulmonary hemorrhage (25 [30.1%]). DAD was associated with longer ECMO treatment and longer hospital stay. The use of VV ECMO was a predictor of DAD in patients with ARDS and undergoing ECMO, but it also occurred in 21 of 65 patients (32.3%) in the VA ECMO group, even though VA ECMO was used for heart failure. CONCLUSIONS. — Although DAD was significantly more common in lung autopsies of VV ECMO patients, one-third of VA ECMO patients had histopathologic changes characteristic of ARDS. The presence of DAD in lung autopsies of patients treated with VA ECMO indicates that in these patients, protective lung ventilation should be considered.
Early Acheulean in the Vaal River basin, Rietputs Formation, northern Cape province, South Africa

The site of Rietputs 15 which is part of the Rietputs Formation, Windsorton, South Africa has yielded the first early Acheulean collection in southern Africa to have an absolute date. Cosmogenic burial dating has provided the site with an age of ca 1.60 ± 0.36 Ma, with the collection’s individual age of 1.43 ± 0.23 Ma (Gibbon et al. 2008). These dates indicate that Rietputs 15 artefacts are some of the oldest Acheulean artefacts in South Africa and places it firmly in the early Acheulean. In addition to the diagnostic bifaces such as handaxes and cleavers, the collection contains a number of highly “organised” cores. Out of all the cores in the collection approximately 5% display a number of features which demonstrate hominids were controlling the working of the core in order to exploit the largest surface, often for a preferential removal. The most common form of organisation is asymmetrical control in which the underside is worked pyramidally so that the larger top surface may be exploited. However, should the largest face be a side of the core accessible with minimal effort, the hominids focused flaking there, producing a single platform core with elongated removals somewhat similar to a blade core. These cores tend to be worked much less on the platform and other sides, suggesting that the blank was carefully selected for its shape. Such early forms of organisation may stem from two factors. First, the hornfels that is most often used is a fine-grained and uniform material which makes for high quality knapping results. Secondly, the hornfels is typically found in “blocky” forms. Such blanks have a number of faces and angles which may assist and even influence the core organisation. Such evidence supports the claim that organized flaking strategies of cores in the early Acheulean needs to be re-evaluated. The reason that these patterns have been recognized in the South African early Acheulean is because of the large sample of provenience-controlled and dated artefacts provided by the Rietputs 15 site. The collection also contains a large number of bifaces that now provide a substantial sample of these diagnostic tool types for a more detailed understanding of the early Acheulean in South Africa.
A Novel Approach to Surface EMG-Based Gesture Classification Using a Vision Transformer Integrated With Convolutive Blind Source Separation

A robust pattern recognition framework is required for ideal real-time human-machine interface (HMI) applications. Convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks have been widely used for the classification of gestures based on electromyography (EMG), but few studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using a vision transformer for this purpose. Additionally, the accuracy achieved is influenced by the efficacy of the preprocessing pipeline. This study assessed ViT with and without an attention mechanism for precise motor intent decoding by investigating various input features and integrating convolutive blind source separation (BSS) preprocessing. All investigations were carried out with two open-access high-density surface EMG datasets of 34 and 21 hand gestures recorded from 20 and 5 healthy subjects respectively. Integration of centering and optimal extension factors resulted in better performance with raw input. However, spatial whitening increased the model's sensitivity to noise. The best-performing BSS-integrated convolution vision transformer model (BSS-CViT) model yielded an accuracy of 96.61% and 91.98% on test datasets one and two. This is a promising result for future studies in real-time HMI applications.
Evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and mammographic density as predictors of response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer

Abstract Background Response rates vary among breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST). Thus, there is a need for reliable treatment predictors. Evidence suggests tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) predict NAST response. Still, TILs are seldom used clinically as a treatment determinant. Mammographic density (MD) is another potential marker for NAST benefit and its relationship with TILs is unknown. Our aims were to investigate TILs and MD as predictors of NAST response and to study the unexplored relationship between TILs and MD. Material and methods We studied 315 invasive breast carcinomas treated with NAST between 2013 and 2020. Clinicopathological data were retrieved from medical records. The endpoint was defined as pathological complete response (pCR) in the breast. TILs were evaluated in pre-treatment core biopsies and categorized as high (≥10%) or low (<10%). MD was scored (a–d) according to the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) fifth edition. Binary logistic regression and Spearman’s test of correlation were performed using SPSS. Results Out of 315 carcinomas, 136 achieved pCR. 94 carcinomas had high TILs and 215 had low TILs. Six carcinomas had no available TIL data. The number of carcinomas in each BI-RADS category were 37, 122, 112, and 44 for a, b, c, and d, respectively. High TILs were independently associated with pCR (OR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.59–5.46) compared to low TILs. In the univariable analysis, MD (BI-RADS d vs. a) showed a tendency of higher likelihood for pCR (OR: 2.43; 95% CI: 0.99–5.98). However, the association was non-significant, which is consistent with the result of the multivariable analysis (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 0.78–8.04). We found no correlation between TILs and MD (0.02; p = .80). Conclusion TILs significantly predicted NAST response. We could not define MD as a significant predictor of NAST response. These findings should be further replicated.
Transparência da gestão pública municipal: um estudo a partir dos portais eletrônicos dos maiores municípios brasileiros (Transparency of the Municipal Public Management: A Study from the Homepages of the Large Brazilian Municipalities)

Portuguese Abstract: Neste estudo buscou-se verificar o nivel de transparencia das informacoes acerca da gestao publica divulgadas nos portais eletronicos de 96 municipios incluidos entre os 100 mais populosos do Brasil e quais caracteristicas e indicadores socioeconomicos dos municipios podem contribuir para explicar o nivel de transparencia observado. O nivel de transparencia da gestao publica foi verificado a partir de um modelo de investigacao denominado Indice de Transparencia da Gestao Publica Municipal (ITGP-M), construido com base em codigos internacionais de boas praticas de transparencia e governanca, na legislacao brasileira aplicavel e nas experiencias de pesquisas anteriores de natureza semelhante realizadas no Brasil e no exterior. As evidencias empiricas apontam para baixos niveis de transparencia, considerados incompativeis com o nivel de desenvolvimento socioeconomico dos municipios. Alem disso, pode-se concluir que, no geral, existe associacao entre as condicoes socioeconomicas dos municipios e os niveis de transparencia na divulgacao de informacoes acerca da gestao publica observados nos sites dos grandes municipios brasileiros que compoem a amostra desse estudo.English Abstract: This study attempts to check the transparency level of information in public administration published in the homepages of 96 municipalities included among the 100 most populous in Brazil and what characteristics and socioeconomic indicators of the municipalities can contribute to explain the level of transparency observed. The level of transparency in public administration was established from a research model called Transparency Index Municipal Public Management (ITGP-M) constructed based on international codes of good governance and transparency, the Brazilian legislation and the experiences of previous studies of similar nature conducted in Brazil and abroad. The empirical evidence point to low levels of transparency, incompatible with the level of socioeconomic development of municipalities. Moreover, we can conclude that, overall, there is an association between the socioeconomic conditions of the municipalities and the levels of transparency in the disclosure of information about public administration observed in sites of large municipalities as in this study.
Quantifying volcanic hazard at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) with uncertainty assessment: 2. Pyroclastic density current invasion maps

Campi Flegrei (CF) is an example of an active caldera containing densely populated settlements at very high risk of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). We present here an innovative method for assessing background spatial PDC hazard in a caldera setting with probabilistic invasion maps conditional on the occurrence of an explosive event. The method encompasses the probabilistic assessment of potential vent opening positions, derived in the companion paper, combined with inferences about the spatial density distribution of PDC invasion areas from a simplified flow model, informed by reconstruction of deposits from eruptions in the last 15 ka. The flow model describes the PDC kinematics and accounts for main effects of topography on flow propagation. Structured expert elicitation is used to incorporate certain sources of epistemic uncertainty, and a Monte Carlo approach is adopted to produce a set of probabilistic hazard maps for the whole CF area. Our findings show that, in case of eruption, almost the entire caldera is exposed to invasion with a mean probability of at least 5%, with peaks greater than 50% in some central areas. Some areas outside the caldera are also exposed to this danger, with mean probabilities of invasion of the order of 5–10%. Our analysis suggests that these probability estimates have location‐specific uncertainties which can be substantial. The results prove to be robust with respect to alternative elicitation models and allow the influence on hazard mapping of different sources of uncertainty, and of theoretical and numerical assumptions, to be quantified.
CapST: An Enhanced and Lightweight Model Attribution Approach for Synthetic Videos

Deepfake videos, generated through AI faceswapping techniques, have garnered considerable attention due to their potential for powerful impersonation attacks. While existing research primarily focuses on binary classification to discern between real and fake videos, however determining the specific generation model for a fake video is crucial for forensic investigation. Addressing this gap, this paper investigates the model attribution problem of Deepfake videos from a recently proposed dataset, Deepfakes from Different Models (DFDM), derived from various Autoencoder models. The dataset comprises 6,450 Deepfake videos generated by five distinct models with variations in encoder, decoder, intermediate layer, input resolution, and compression ratio. This study formulates Deepfakes model attribution as a multiclass classification task, proposing a segment of VGG19 as a feature extraction backbone, known for its effectiveness in imagerelated tasks, while integrated a Capsule Network with a Spatio-Temporal attention mechanism. The Capsule module captures intricate hierarchies among features for robust identification of deepfake attributes. Additionally, the video-level fusion technique leverages temporal attention mechanisms to handle concatenated feature vectors, capitalizing on inherent temporal dependencies in deepfake videos. By aggregating insights across frames, our model gains a comprehensive understanding of video content, resulting in more precise predictions. Experimental results on the deepfake benchmark dataset (DFDM) demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method, achieving up to a 4% improvement in accurately categorizing deepfake videos compared to baseline models while demanding fewer computational resources.
Towards Garment Sewing Pattern Reconstruction from a Single Image

Garment sewing pattern represents the intrinsic rest shape of a garment, and is the core for many applications like fashion design, virtual try-on, and digital avatars. In this work, we explore the challenging problem of recovering garment sewing patterns from daily photos for augmenting these applications. To solve the problem, we first synthesize a versatile dataset, named SewFactory, which consists of around 1M images and ground-truth sewing patterns for model training and quantitative evaluation. SewFactory covers a wide range of human poses, body shapes, and sewing patterns, and possesses realistic appearances thanks to the proposed human texture synthesis network. Then, we propose a two-level Transformer network called Sewformer, which significantly improves the sewing pattern prediction performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework is effective in recovering sewing patterns and well generalizes to casually-taken human photos. Code, dataset, and pre-trained models will be released.
Outliers with Opposing Signals Have an Outsized Effect on Neural Network Optimization

We identify a new phenomenon in neural network optimization which arises from the interaction of depth and a particular heavy-tailed structure in natural data. Our result offers intuitive explanations for several previously reported observations about network training dynamics. In particular, it implies a conceptually new cause for progressive sharpening and the edge of stability; we also highlight connections to other concepts in optimization and generalization including grokking, simplicity bias, and Sharpness-Aware Minimization. Experimentally, we demonstrate the significant influence of paired groups of outliers in the training data with strong opposing signals: consistent, large magnitude features which dominate the network output throughout training and provide gradients which point in opposite directions. Due to these outliers, early optimization enters a narrow valley which carefully balances the opposing groups; subsequent sharpening causes their loss to rise rapidly, oscillating between high on one group and then the other, until the overall loss spikes. We describe how to identify these groups, explore what sets them apart, and carefully study their effect on the network's optimization and behavior. We complement these experiments with a mechanistic explanation on a toy example of opposing signals and a theoretical analysis of a two-layer linear network on a simple model. Our finding enables new qualitative predictions of training behavior which we confirm experimentally. It also provides a new lens through which to study and improve modern training practices for stochastic optimization, which we highlight via a case study of Adam versus SGD.