Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and nursing college students during COVID-19 outbreak

Background: Affected by a Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, Since December 2019, there have been more than 76,000 cases of COVID-19 in China, causing more than 3,000 medical staff infections. Due to COVID-19 spreads quickly, is highly contagious, and can be fatal in severe cases, and there are no specific medicines, it poses a huge threat to the life and health of nurses and has a large impact on their emotional responses and coping strategies. Methods: This study conducted an online questionnaire survey from February 1 to 9, 2020 to investigate the current state of emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and college nursing students in Anhui Province. This study used a modified Brief COPE (Carver, 1997) and a emotional responses scale. Results: The results found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men. Participants from cities showed more anxiety and fear than participants from rural, but rural participants showed more sadness than urban participants. The closer COVID-19 is to the participants, the stronger the anxiety and anger. Compared with Nursing college students, nurses have stronger emotional responses and are more willing to use Problem-focused coping. People may have a cycle of "the more fear, the more problem-focused coping". And people may "The more angry, the more emotion-focused coping", "the more problem-focused coping, the more anxious, the more angry, the more sadness". Conclusion: COVID-19 is a pressure source with great influence, both for individuals and for the social public groups. Different individuals and groups may experience different levels of psychological crisis, and those nurses at the core of the incident are affected. Hospitals should focus on providing psychological support to nurses and providing timely psychological assistance and training in coping strategies. Improving nurses' ability to regulate emotions and effective coping strategies, providing a strong guarantee for resolutely winning the battle against epidemic prevention and control.
Clinical Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia Compared to Controls in Chinese Han Population

Background In December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infected pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia without comorbidities compared to normal controls in Chinese Han population is limited. Our objective is to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia without comorbidities compared to normal controls in the Chinese Han population. Methods Retrospective, multi-center case series of the 69 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, from February 7 to February 28, 2020; final date of follow-up was February 29, 2020. Results The study population included 69 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia without comorbidities and 14,117 normal controls. 50.7% patients were male and 49.3% were female; 1.5% patients were asymptomatic cases, 63.8% patients were mild cases, and 36.2% patients were severe or critical cases. Compared with mild patients (n = 44), severe or critical patients (n = 25) were significantly older (median age, 67 years [IQR, 58-79] vs. 49 years [IQR, 36-60]; P < 0.01). Fever was present in 98.6% of the patients. The second most common symptom was cough (62.3%), fatigue (58.0%), sputum (39.1%), and headache (33.3%). The median incubation period was 4 days (IQR, 2 to 7). Leukocyte count was 74.1% of normal controls and lymphocyte count was 45.9% of normal controls. The phenomenon of lymphocyte depletion (PLD) observed in severe or critical cases in 100%. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, procalcitonin, and interleukin-6 were showed significant differences between mild and severe or critical cases. Chest computed tomographic scans showed bilateral patchy patterns (49.3%), local patchy shadowing (29.0%), and ground glass opacity (21.7%). 7.3% patients were diagnosed ARDS, 7.3% patients were diagnosed acute cardiac injury (troponin I >28 pg/mL) and 4.4% patients were diagnosed fungal infections or shock. 4.3% patients have been discharged; 1.5% patient had died; 1.5% patient had recovery. Conclusions In this multicenter case series of 69 patients without comorbidities, the full spectrum of asymptomatic, mild, severe, and critical cases is described. 50.7% patients were male and 49.3% were female; 1.5% patients were asymptomatic cases, 63.8% patients were mild cases, and 36.2% patients were severe or critical cases. 4.3% patients have been discharged; 1.5% patient had died; 1.5% patient had recovery. Among the 25 patients with severe or critical disease, 12.0% patients were underwent non-invasive mechanical ventilation, 8.0% patients underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 4.0% patients died.
The Effects of "Fangcang, Huoshenshan, and Leishenshan" Makeshift Hospitals and Temperature on the Mortality of COVID-19

Background In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China, however, the factors affecting the mortality remain unclear. Methods Thirty-two days of data that were shared by China National Health Commission and China Weather Net were collected using standard forms. The difference in the mortality of confirmed and severe cases before and after the use of Fangcang, Huoshenshan, and Leishenshan makeshift hospitals (MSHs) was tested using Mann-Whitney U test. We also studied whether air temperature (AT) could affect the above outcomes of COVID-19 cases by performing Spearman analysis. Results The mortality of confirmed cases was significantly decreased both in Wuhan (U = 1, P < 0.001) and Hubei (U = 0, P < 0.001), while in non-Hubei regions, as a contrast, the mortality of confirmed cases remained unchanged (U = 40, P = 0.139). However, another eight days later, changes in the mortality in non-Hubei regions also became significant (U = 73, P = 0.039). Mortality of confirmed cases was found to be significantly correlated with temperature both in Wuhan (r = -0.441, P = 0.012) and Hubei (r = -0.440, P = 0.012). Conclusions Our findings indicated that both the use of MSHs and the rise of AT were beneficial to the survival of COVID-19 cases.
Graphical Abstract CG 17-6-MS

Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Life Science, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi-835205, Jharkhand, India
Assistive technology devices: abandonment related factors

Em face do elevado numero de individuos com deficiencias, bem como da importância dos dispositivos de tecnologia assistiva (DTAs) para a melhoria de seu desempenho ocupacional, as elevadas taxas de abandono destes dispositivos e os altos custos a estes associados, esta revisao tem o objetivo de identificar fatores relacionados ao abandono de dispositivos de tecnologia assistiva. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisao critica da literatura utilizando as palavras-chave: tecnologia assistiva/assistive technology, abandono/abandonment, rejeicao/rejection, e desuso/disuse, de publicacoes entre os anos de 2002 e 2013. Foi realizada a busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO, e identificado um total de 49 artigos, sendo que nove publicacoes atenderam aos criterios de inclusao. Constatou-se que os fatores mais citados relacionados ao abandono dos dispositivos sao: problemas com o estado fisico do usuario; falta de informacao e treinamento tanto de profissionais quanto de usuarios; dor; limitacoes funcionais; preferencia por outro DTA ou utilizacao de capacidades remanescentes; peso elevado;alteracoes nas condicoes do DTA; dificuldade de uso; insatisfacao; desconforto; inadequacao/inapropriacao, e “muito barulho”. Compreender melhor esses fatores e fundamental para melhorar a eficacia da prescricao e da intervencao por parte dos profissionais, o que e imprescindivel para aumentar a adesao e promover resultados efetivos.
PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE

Introduction Waterpipe tobacco smoking, also known as hookah and shisha, has surged in popularity among young people in the United States. Waterpipe is also increasingly becoming the first tobacco product that young people try. Given the limited access to and limited portability of waterpipes, waterpipe smokers who become more nicotine dependent over time may be more likely to turn to cigarettes. This study examined the relationship between waterpipe tobacco smoking and susceptibility to cigarette smoking among young adults in the United States. Methods Using data from the 2012–2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative sample of US adults, we reported rates of current waterpipe smoking and susceptibility to cigarette smoking by demographic characteristics and by use of other tobacco products among survey participants aged 18 to 24 years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between current waterpipe smoking and susceptibility to cigarette smoking, defined as the lack of a firm intention not to smoke soon or within the next year. Results Of 2,528 young adults who had never established cigarette smoking, 15.7% (n = 398) reported being waterpipe smokers (every day or some days [n = 97; 3.8%] or rarely [n = 301; 11.9%]); 44.2% (176/398) of waterpipe smokers reported being susceptible to cigarette smoking. Those who smoked waterpipe rarely were 2.3 times as susceptible to cigarette smoking as those who were not current waterpipe smokers (OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6–3.4). Conclusion Current waterpipe smoking is associated with susceptibility to cigarette smoking among young adults in the United States. Longitudinal studies are needed to demonstrate causality between waterpipe smoking and initiation of cigarette smoking.
Blood pressure variability with different measurement methods

Abstract Blood pressure variability (BPV) is an independent cardiovascular risk factor in hypertensive patients. The best method for quantifying BPV is still an object of debate. The existence of different BPV patterns, particularly age and arterial stiffness related, is postulated. Our aims were: i) to compare BPV using different blood pressure (BP) measurement methodsii) to compare different calculation approachesiii) to analyze the predictors of BPV. Cross-sectional study in 108 elderly hypertensive hospitalized patients. Each patient underwent blood pressure measurements with 5 different modalities: 24 hour BP and pulse wave velocity (PWV) monitoring (24hBPM), measurement by nurses or physicians, self-measurement and beat-to-beat monitoring. Differences between maximum and minimum values (ΔBP), averages of the absolute differences between consecutive values (ARV) and coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated. ΔBP showed the wider values’ dispersion (Δ systolic blood pressure (SBP): 66.4 ± 22.9 and Δ diastolic blood pressure [DBP]: 45.0 ± 13.5 mmHg). ARV and CV were highest with nurses’ measurements (SBP-ARV 9.2 ± 6.2; DBP-ARV 6.9 ± 5.2; SBP-CV 7.6 ± 5.3; DBP-CV 9.6 ± 5.5). The strongest correlation was found comparing physicians’ SBP measurements and 24hBPM ARVs (R2 0.23, P <.05). 24hBPM ΔSBP in a multivariate analysis was significantly associated with age (β −3.85, SE 0.83; P <.001) and PWV (β 20.29, SE 3.70; P <.001). Calcium antagonists were associated with a lower ΔSBP (β −14.6, SE 6.1, P <.05) while diuretics and alpha-blockers with a significant increase (β 14.4 SE 5.4, P <.01; β 26.9 SE 11.7, P <.05). Age, PWV, diuretics, alpha-blockers, but also measurements obtained by nurses, increase BP variability while calcium antagonists reduce it. BP profiles in elderly in-hospital patients potentially provide important information; they should, however, be interpreted cautiously.
Outcomes of Adding Induction Chemotherapy to Concurrent Chemotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients with Moderate-Risk in the Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Era

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of induction chemotherapy (IC) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with moderate-risk treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods We retrospectively assessed 506 patients with T1-2N1M0 or T3-4N0-1M0 NPC (according to the 2010 UICC/AJCC staging system) who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with or without IC at a single center in China between 2005 and 2010. Survival outcomes were compared between the IC + CCRT and CCRT groups using the Kaplan–Meier method, Log-rank test and a Cox regression model. Results Among the 506 patients, CCRT alone resulted in equivalent overall survival (86.8% vs 88.5%, p=0.661), progression-free survival (79.6% vs 79.6%, p=0.756), locoregional relapse-free survival (90.2% vs 87.0%, p=0.364) and distant metastasis-free survival (88.0% vs 89.8%, p=0.407) to IC plus CCRT. In multivariate analysis, IC did not lower the risk of death (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.46–1.25, p=0.278), progression (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.51–1.19, p=0.244), locoregional relapse (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.81–1.42, p=0.651) or distant metastasis (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.38–1.15, p=0.140) in the entire cohort; similar results were obtained in stratified analysis based on N category (N0 vs N1) and EBV DNA (< vs ≥4000 copies/mL). Conclusion Addition of IC to CCRT does not improve survival outcomes in moderate-risk NPC; the use of IC should be carefully considered in these patients, though additional prospective trials are warranted to confirm the conclusions of this study.
Corrosion Resistance of Micro-Arc Oxidation/Graphene Oxide Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloys

The micro-arc oxidation/graphene oxide (MAO/GO) composite coatings were successfully prepared on the surface of magnesium alloys by the MAO and electrodeposition technologies. The morphology and composition of the MAO/GO composite coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, roughness test, and binding test. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization curve, and immersion test were used to evaluate the protection performance of MAO/GO composite coatings provided to a substrate. The test results showed that GO covered the surface of the MAO film and had a multilayer structure in the composite coatings. The composite coatings performed the function of sealing the micropores of the MAO film. The elements in the surface of the composite coatings were evenly distributed and the C element content was high. We find that the composite coatings were smoother than the MAO film. The bonding force of the composite coating needs to be enhanced. The corrosion resistance of the MAO/GO composite coatings was obviously better than that of a single MAO film.
Acute Effects of Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants on Preterm Birth in Xiamen City (2015–2018), China

Backgrounds: Urban energy consumption is one of the important causes of air pollution. The epidemiological risk assessment guided by air pollution is of great significance to the promotion of urban environmental protection. Objectives: The work researched the acute impact of exposure to air pollution on preterm birth (PTB) in Xiamen city from 2015 to 2018. Furthermore, the economic losses were assessed as well. Methods: Association of air pollution and PTB with economic losses were assessed using the generalized additive model. Results: A total of 1991 PTB visits, who are inhabitant in Xiamen, have been investigated. An interquartile range (IQR) (10 μg/m3) increase of PM10, NO2, and SO2 in the current day corresponded to the increase of 0.64% [95% CI: −1.22, 2.54%], 0.52% [95% CI: −5.21, 6.61%], and 2.33% [95% CI: −6.41, 11.58%] in daily PTB visits. Especially, PTB visits were significantly related with PM10 and NO2 in Lag 1 and NO2 and SO2 in Lag 2. Furthermore, for multipollutants, an IQR increase in PM2.5, O3, and CO, after adjustment with SO2, was related with 5.04% [95% CI: −5.90, 17.24], 2.49% [95% CI: −6.07, 11.81], and 7.10% [95% CI: −2.79, 18.00] increase of PTB morbidity, respectively. The estimates of the number of excess PTBs attributed to typical pollutants PM10 and SO2 were ∼2400 and 1200 people, respectively, every year. The highest excess PTBs was estimated to occur as a result of PM10 and SO2 effects. Conclusions: Although Xiamen has a relatively low level of air pollution, short-term exposure to NO2, SO2, and PM10 was linked to the increase of PTB visits.
Glial cells of the human fovea

Purpose The exact cellular types that form the human fovea remain a subject of debate, and few studies have been conducted on human macula to solve this question. The purpose of this study was to perform immunohistochemistry on fresh human samples to characterize the glial cells that form the human fovea. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against proteins expressed in astrocytes or in retinal Müller glial cells or both types of cells on six human macula obtained from eyes enucleated for peripheral intraocular tumors and on two postmortem eyes from healthy donors. The posterior poles of the enucleated eyes were cryosectioned and stained with antibodies against the glial proteins GFAP, vimentin, CRALBP, glutamine synthetase, and connexin 43. Results A population of cells positive for GFAP and negative for glutamine synthetase and CRALBP that express connexin 43 were identified at the roof of the foveal pit. These cells are distinct from the Müller cone cells described by Yamada and Gass, suggesting that another type of foveal glial cells, most likely astrocytes, are present in the human fovea. Conclusions This study showed that in humans, astrocytic glial cells cover the foveal pit. Their roles in macula homeostasis and mechanisms of macular disease remain to be determined.
Maternal and perinatal outcome of preeclampsia without severe feature among pregnant women managed at a tertiary referral hospital in urban Ethiopia

Background Preeclampsia refers to the new onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive woman. Pregnant women with preeclampsia are at an increased risk of adverse maternal, fetal and neonatal complications. The objective of the study is, therefore, to determine the maternal and perinatal outcome of preeclampsia without severity feature among women managed at a tertiary referral hospital in urban Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome of pregnant women who were on expectant management with the diagnosis of preeclampsia without severe feature at a referral hospital in urban Ethiopia from August 2018 to January 2019. Results There were a total of 5400 deliveries during the study period, among which 164 (3%) women were diagnosed with preeclampsia without severe features. Fifty-one (31.1%) patients with preeclampsia without severe features presented at a gestational age between 28 to 33 weeks plus six days, while 113 (68.9%) presented at a gestational age between 34 weeks to 36 weeks. Fifty-two (31.7%) women had maternal complication of which, 32 (19.5%) progressed to preeclampsia with severe feature Those patients with early onset of preeclampsia without severe feature were 5.22 and 25.9 times more likely to develop maternal and perinatal complication respectively compared to late-onset after 34 weeks with P-value of <0.0001, (95% CI 2.01–13.6) and <0.0001(95% CI 5.75–115.6) respectively. Conclusion In a setting where home-based self-care is poor expectant outpatient management of preeclampsia without severe features with a once per week visit is not adequate. It’s associated with an increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Our findings call for special consideration and close surveillance of those women with early-onset diseases.
Association of Race and Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE): The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort

Background and Aims To evaluate the association of self-reported race with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and modification of this association by paraoxonase gene (PON1, PON2, and PON3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods Included in this longitudinal study were 12,770 black or white participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort who completed a baseline visit (1987–1989) with PON genotyping. Demographic, behavioral, and health information was obtained at baseline. MACE was defined as first occurrence of myocardial infarction, stroke, or CHD-related death through 2004. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between race and MACE after adjustment for age, gender, and other demographic and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. Modification of the association between PON SNPs and MACE was also assessed. Results Blacks comprised 24.6% of the ARIC cohort; overall, 14.0% of participants developed MACE. Compared with whites, blacks had 1.24 times greater hazard of MACE (OR = 1.24,95%CI = 1.10,1.39) than whites after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, cigarette and alcohol use, educational and marital status, and aspirin use. This association became nonsignificant after further adjustment for high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension. None of the evaluated SNPs met the significance level (p < 0.001) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions No association between race and MACE was identified after adjusting for high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension, suggesting that comorbidities are major determinants of MACE; medical intervention with focus on lifestyle and health management could ameliorate the development of MACE. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.
Mitochondria-Modulating Porous Se@SiO2 Nanoparticles Provide Resistance to Oxidative Injury in Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications for Acute Lung Injury

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction played a vital role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI). However, few strategies targeting mitochondria were developed in treating ALI. Recently, we fabricated a porous Se@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with antioxidant properties. Methods The protective effect of Se@SiO2 NPs was assessed using confocal imaging, immunoblotting, RNA-seq, mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) activity assay, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in airway epithelial cell line (Beas-2B). The in vivo efficacy of Se@SiO2 NPs was evaluated in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. Results This study demonstrated that Se@SiO2 NPs significantly increased the resistance of airway epithelial cells under oxidative injury and shifted lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression profile closer to the untreated controls. The cytoprotection of Se@SiO2 was found to be achieved by maintaining mitochondrial function, activity, and dynamics. In an animal model of ALI, pretreated with the NPs improved mitochondrial dysfunction, thus reducing inflammatory responses and diffuse damage in lung tissues. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis provided evidence for the broad modulatory activity of our Se@SiO2 NPs in various metabolic disorders and inflammatory diseases. Conclusion This study brought new insights into mitochondria-targeting bioactive NPs, with application potential in curing ALI or other human mitochondria-related disorders.