Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) Nanoparticles From Rhus coriaria Extract: A Characteristic Comparison With a Conventional Chemical Method

In recent years, nanotechnology has become one of the most important and exciting avant-gardes, without exception, in all fields of science. Through nanotechnology, novel materials and devices can be industrialized with atomic precision. In general, there are three main methods for synthesizing NPs: Chemical, physical and biological, or green methods. However, the conventional chemical and physical methods include the use of toxic chemicals that are toxic in nature and using pricy devices, which leads to the development of new methods using nontoxic and eco-friendly materials. These eco-friendly methods use biological systems, microorganisms, and plant-based materials as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents to synthesize NPs. In this study, iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs have been synthesized using a green method, a Rhus Coriaria extract, and a conventional chemical method. A comparison between these two methods is conducted to validate the importance of the biological method. This study demonstrates, as we expected, by utilizing different characterization techniques, that the synthesized green Fe3O4 NPs, in general, possess better and enhanced properties than the chemical method. This difference is evident in the aggregation status, capping and stabilizing agents around the NPs, magnetic and thermal properties, and stability of NPs. These results, in turn, highlight the importance of the available phytochemical in the Rhus Coriaria extract as a suitable candidate for biosynthesizing Fe3O4 NPs.
The complete plastid genome of the endangered shrub Brassaiopsis angustifolia (Araliaceae): Comparative genetic and phylogenetic analysis

Brassaiopsis angustifolia K.M. Feng belongs to the family Araliaceae, and is an endangered shrub species in southwest China. Despite the importance of this species, the plastid genome has not been sequenced and analyzed. In this study, the complete plastid genome of B. angustifolia was sequenced, analyzed, and compared to the eight species in the Araliaceae family. Our study reveals that the complete plastid genome of B. angustifolia is 156,534 bp long, with an overall GC content of 37.9%. The chloroplast genome (cp) encodes 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. All protein-coding genes consisted of 21,582 codons. Among the nine species of Araliaceae, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and five large repeat sequences were identified with total numbers ranging from 37 to 46 and 66 to 78, respectively. Five highly divergent regions were successfully identified that could be used as potential genetic markers of Brassaiopsis and Asian Palmate group. Phylogenetic analysis of 47 plastomes, representing 19 genera of Araliaceae and two related families, was performed to reconstruct highly supported relationships for the Araliaceae, which highlight four well-supported clades of the Hydrocotyle group, Greater Raukaua group, Aralia-Panax group, and Asian Palmate group. The genus Brassaiopsis can be divided into four groups using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) data. The results indicate that plastome and ITS data can contribute to investigations of the taxonomy, and phylogeny of B. angustifolia. This study provides a theoretical basis for species identification and future biological research on resources of the genus Brassaiopsis.
Clinical outcomes of cardiovascular procedures in older patients with dementia

macol. 2021;87(11):4150-4172. doi:10.1111/bcp.14870 2. Walsh KA, O'Riordan D, Kearney PM, Timmons S, Byrne S. Improving the appropriateness of prescribing in older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacists' interventions in secondary care. Age Ageing. 2016;45(2):201-209. doi:10. 1093/ageing/afv190 3. Dalton K, O'Brien G, O'Mahony D, Byrne S. Computerised interventions designed to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing in hospitalised older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2018;47(5):670-678. doi:10.1093/ ageing/afy086 4. Blachman NL, Leipzig RM, Mazumdar M, Poeran J. High-risk medications in hospitalized elderly adults: are we making it easy to do the wrong thing? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(3): 603-607. doi:10.1111/jgs.14703 5. Peterson JF, Kuperman GJ, Shek C, Patel M, Avorn J, Bates DW. Guided prescription of psychotropic medications for geriatric inpatients. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(7):802-807. doi: 10.1001/archinte.165. 7.802 6. Drago K, Sharpe J, De Lima B, Alhomod A, Eckstrom E. Safer prescribing for hospitalized older adults with an electronic health records-based prescribing context. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(9):2123-2127. doi:10.1111/jgs.16640 7. University of Chicago Medicine. 2018–2019 Community Health Needs Assessment. Accessed May 19, 2022. https://issuu.com/ communitybenefit-ucm/docs/ucm-2019-chna? fr=xKAE9_zU1NQ 8. Madden W, Yang H, Kostas T. Implementation of guided prescribing computerized order entry (CPOE) changes for patients ≥65 years. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66(S2):S126. doi:10.1111/jgs. 15376 9. Mozer C, Madden W, Cursio J, Kostas T. Rates of inappropriate dosing in older adults at an urban, academic hospital. Am J Med Qual. 2021;36(6):469-470. doi:10.1097/01.JMQ. 0000751156.52061. 64 10. American Geriatrics Society. 2019 updated AGS Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: 2019 AGS BEERS CRITERIA UPDATE EXPERT PANEL. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67:674-694. 11. O'Mahony D, O'Sullivan D, Byrne S, O'Connor MN, Ryan C, Gallagher P. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2 [published correction appears in Age Ageing. 2018 May 1;47(3):489]. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213-218. doi:10.1093/ageing/afu145 12. Reuben DB, Herr KA, Pacala JT, Pollock BG, Potter JF, Semla TP. Geriatrics at Your Fingertips 2018. 20th ed. American Geriatrics Society; 2018.
Constraints on the wall layer in turbulent pipe flow

Abstract Dynamical constraints on the wall layer in turbulent pipe flow imply both a narrow peak in the streamwise component of the turbulent Lamb vector near the wall, and a scaling of the wall layer depth proportional to the depth of the viscous sublayer. An approximation of the Lamb vector distribution, which equates to the gradient of Reynolds stress, is proposed. Hence the equation for streamwise mean flow may be integrated to obtain an expression for the velocity profile in the wall layer.
State of Ireland's mental health: findings from a nationally representative survey

Abstract Aims Current information about the prevalence of various mental health disorders in the general adult population of the Republic of Ireland is lacking. In this study, we examined the prevalence of 12 common mental disorders, the proportion of adults who screened positive for any disorder, the sociodemographic factors associated with meeting criteria for a disorder and the associations between each disorder and history of attempted suicide. Methods A non-probability nationally representative sample (N = 1110) of adults living in Ireland completed self-report measures of 12 mental health disorders. Effect sizes were calculated using odds ratios from logistic regression models, and population attributable risk fractions (PAFs) were estimated to quantify the associations between each disorder and attempted suicide. Results Prevalence rates ranged from 15.0% (insomnia disorder) to 1.7% (histrionic personality disorder). Overall, 42.5% of the sample met criteria for a mental health disorder, and 11.1% had a lifetime history of attempted suicide. Younger age, being a shift worker and trauma exposure were independently associated with a higher likelihood of having a mental health disorder, while being in university was associated with a lower likelihood of having a disorder. ICD-11 complex posttraumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder and insomnia disorder had the highest PAFs for attempted suicide. Conclusions Mental health disorder prevalence in Ireland is relatively high compared to international estimates. The findings are discussed in relation to important mental health policy implications.
Effect of weightlifting training on jumping ability, sprinting performance and squat strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of using weightlifting movement and their derivatives in training on vertical jump, sprint times, and maximal strength performance. Thirty-four studies were used for meta-analysis with a moderate quality on the PEDro scale. Meta-analysis showed positive effects of weightlifting training, especially when combined with traditional resistance training on countermovement jump performance, sprint times, and one-repetition maximum squat (ES = 0.41, ES = −0.44, and ES = 0.81, respectively). In conclusion, results revealed the usefulness of weightlifting combined with traditional resistance training in improving sprint, countermovement jump and maximal strength performance.
Nonlinear disturbance observer-based adaptive nonlinear model predictive control design for a class of nonlinear MIMO system

Model predictive control with less prior knowledge of system uncertainty and external disturbance is a long-standing theoretical and practical problem. In this paper, a solution is presented by proposing a disturbance observer-based adaptive nonlinear model predictive control scheme for a class of nonlinear MIMO systems. Our scheme requires the state and parameterdependent state-space model to linearise the nonlinear system along the prediction horizon. To cope with the unknown system uncertainty, the multiple estimation model and the concept of second-level adaptation [Pandey, V. K. , Kar, I. , & Mahanta, C. (2014). Multiple models and second level adaptation for a class of nonlinear systems with nonlinear parameterisation. In Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), 2014 9th International Conference on (pp. 1–6). IEEE. ] technique for the nonlinear system is used. To ensure the boundedness of the estimated parameter, a projection-based adaptive law [Hovakimyan, N. , & Cao, C. (2010). L1 adaptive control theory: Guaranteed robustness with fast adaptation. SIAM. ] is used. Using a twin-rotor MIMO system (TRMS), the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm has been verified. Simulation and real-time results show that the proposed control algorithm performs better than the existing control algorithm in the presence of unknown external disturbance and parameter uncertainties.
The role of artificial intelligence abilities in library services

: Artificial intelligence applications are one of the most important modern technologies that have emerged in recent times, which have shaped a major change in the functions of institutions, especially the scope of libraries and information. This study was described the role of Artificial Intelligence Applications of knowledge management in different information organizations, as well as to identify the reality of employing artificial intelligence applications in libraries to enrich the Knowledge Management, exposing the relationship between artificial intelligence applications and its ability to develop technical and administrative processes in libraries of Knowledge Management and Knowing the challenges facing the libraries to apply the artificial intelligence applications. The research is based on descriptive method by content analysis of literature review by listing the most important and related published Arabic and foreign literature it was token the studies that are focused in Artificial Intelligence Applications of knowledge management in information organizations. The study conclude that the most important results of which are: There are a lot of libraries that apply artificial intelligence technology in their services, whether technical in the provision of services, references and others, which undoubtedly facilitated the ease of retrieval and search for the users, the available studies discussed various aspects of the reality that this new application plays in facilitating library services, and most studies agree on that to facilitate services and their quality intelligence and the application of artificial intelligence requires the availability of a set of basic ingredients and requirements, such as strong technical equipment, and qualified human resources capable of using and developing this technology. The study recommended the necessity for libraries and information centers to strive to keep pace with the changes of artificial intelligence and to make the right investment for knowledge management, increasing field studies to explore the requirements of artificial intelligence technologies and diversity in the services provided by artificial intelligence in the library and activating them effectively.
Craniofacial dysmorphology in Down syndrome is caused by increased dosage of Dyrk1a and at least three other genes

Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), occurs in 1 in 800 live births and is the most common human aneuploidy. DS results in multiple phenotypes, including craniofacial dysmorphology, characterised by midfacial hypoplasia, brachycephaly and micrognathia. The genetic and developmental causes of this are poorly understood. Using morphometric analysis of the Dp1Tyb mouse model of DS and an associated genetic mouse genetic mapping panel, we demonstrate that four Hsa21-orthologous regions of mouse chromosome 16 contain dosage-sensitive genes that cause the DS craniofacial phenotype, and identify one of these causative genes as Dyrk1a. We show that the earliest and most severe defects in Dp1Tyb skulls are in bones of neural crest (NC) origin, and that mineralisation of the Dp1Tyb skull base synchondroses is aberrant. Furthermore, we show that increased dosage of Dyrk1a results in decreased NC cell proliferation and a decrease in size and cellularity of the NC-derived frontal bone primordia. Thus, DS craniofacial dysmorphology is caused by increased dosage of Dyrk1a and at least three other genes. Summary statement Craniofacial dysmorphology in mouse models of Down syndrome is caused by increased dosage of at least four genes including Dyrk1a, resulting in reduced proliferation of neural crest-derived cranial bone progenitors.
Phyloformer: towards fast and accurate phylogeny estimation with self-attention networks

An important problem in molecular evolution is that of phylogenetic reconstruction, that is, given a set of sequences descending from a common ancestor, the reconstruction of the binary tree describing their evolution from the latter. State-of-the-art methods for the task, namely Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, have a high computational cost, which limits their usability on large datasets. Recently researchers have begun investigating deep learning approaches to the problem but so far these attempts have been limited to the reconstruction of quartet tree topologies, addressing phylogenetic reconstruction as a classification problem. We present here a radically different approach with a transformer-based network architecture that, given a multiple sequence alignment, predicts all the pairwise evolutionary distances between the sequences, which in turn allow us to accurately reconstruct the tree topology with standard distance-based algorithms. The architecture and its high degree of parameter sharing allow us to apply the same network to alignments of arbitrary size, both in the number of sequences and in their length. We evaluate our network Phyloformer on two types of simulations and find that its accuracy matches that of a Maximum Likelihood method on datasets that resemble training data, while being significantly faster.
Damage of Major South American Lepidopteran Soybean Pests

Lepidopteran pests are major factors limiting soybean productivity in South America. In some cases, the control of these species requires the use of foliar insecticides. For a sustainable use of these insecticides, they should be sprayed when insect population sizes reach an economic threshold. Since this estimation requires to determine the consumption of different species, this work aimed to integrate all the main factors, studying the consumption of small-and medium-size larvae of major lepidopteran pests to vegetative and reproductive tissues on Bt and non-Bt soybeans. The damage to vegetative tissues was tested in detached-leaf assays in grow chambers, and to reproductive structures was measured in greenhouse with infestation at early (flowering) and mid reproductive (mid grain filling) stages. Based on the feeding behavior of the species tested, they were cast in four groups: a) A. gemmatalis and C. includens, defoliating only the RR variety with the lowest consumption of foliar area; b) S. eridania, defoliating both RR and IPRO varieties, consuming twice than the species mentioned above; c) H. armigera, defoliating and being the most damaging species to pods in the RR variety; d) S. cosmioides and S. frugiperda, defoliating and damaging pods in both varieties. The species differed in their ability to feed on IPRO varieties, so a different economic threshould could be considered. This clasification contributes to a recommendation of insecticide use sustainable, taking into account the behavior of these species that are major soybeans pests in South America.
The Double-Layered Structure of Amyloid-β Assemblage on GM1-Containing Membranes Catalytically Promotes Fibrillization

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with progressive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) cross-β fibrils in the brain. Aβ species tightly associated with GM1 ganglioside, a glycosphingolipid abundant in neuronal membranes, promote amyloid fibril formation; therefore, they could be attractive clinical targets. However, the active conformational state of Aβ in GM1-containing lipid membranes is still unknown. The present solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study revealed a nonfibrillar Aβ assemblage characterized by a double-layered antiparallel β-structure specifically formed on GM1 ganglioside clusters. Our data show that this unique assemblage was not transformed into fibrils on GM1-containing membranes, but could promote conversion of monomeric Aβ into fibrils, suggesting that a solvent-exposed hydrophobic layer provides a catalytic surface evoking Aβ fibril formation. Our findings will offer structural clues for designing drugs targeting catalytically active Aβ conformational species for the development of anti-AD therapeutics.
Cortical time-course of evidence accumulation during semantic processing

An MEG study on semantic processing of concepts in a silent picture naming task indicates that the brain gradually accumulates information before reaching a plateau. Our understanding of the surrounding world and communication with other people are tied to mental representations of concepts. In order for the brain to recognize an object, it must determine which concept to access based on information available from sensory inputs. In this study, we combine magnetoencephalography and machine learning to investigate how concepts are represented and accessed in the brain over time. Using brain responses from a silent picture naming task, we track the dynamics of visual and semantic information processing, and show that the brain gradually accumulates information on different levels before eventually reaching a plateau. The timing of this plateau point varies across individuals and feature models, indicating notable temporal variation in visual object recognition and semantic processing.
Comparative analysis of piRNA sequences, targets and functions in nematodes

Piwi proteins and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are best known for their roles in suppressing transposons and promoting fertility. Yet piRNA biogenesis and its mechanisms of action differ widely between distantly related species. To better understand the evolution of piRNAs, we characterized the piRNA pathway in C. briggsae, a sibling species of the model organism C. elegans. Our analyses define 25,883 piRNA producing-loci in C. briggsae. piRNA sequences in C. briggsae are extremely divergent from their counterparts in C. elegans, yet both species adopt similar genomic organization that drive piRNA expression. By examining production of Piwi-mediated secondary small RNAs, we identified a set of protein-coding genes that are evolutionarily conserved piRNA targets. In contrast to C. elegans, small RNAs targeting ribosomal RNAs or histone transcripts are not hyper-accumulated in C. briggsae Piwi mutants. Instead, we found that transcripts with few introns are prone to small RNA overamplification. Together our work highlights evolutionary conservation and divergence of the nematode piRNA pathway and provides insights into its role in endogenous gene regulation.
Differential migration mechanics and immune responses of glioblastoma subtypes

Glioblastoma remains a deadly cancer driven by invasion of tumor cells into the brain. Transcriptomic analyses have revealed distinct molecular subtypes, but mechanistic differences that explain clinical differences are not clear. Here, we show that, as predicted by the motor-clutch model for cell migration, mesenchymal glioma cells are more spread, generate larger traction forces, and migrate faster in brain tissue compared to proneural cells. Despite their fast migration and comparable proliferation rate in vitro, mice with mesenchymal tumors live longer than mice with proneural tumors, which was correlated with an immune response in the mesenchymal mice that included T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells, similar to human tumors. Thus, mesenchymal tumors have aggressive migration, but are relatively immunologically ‘hot’ which suppresses net proliferation. These two features counteract each other and may explain the lack of a strong survival difference between subtypes clinically, while also opening up new opportunities for subtype-specific therapies.
Spatial decay estimates in transient heat conduction

The spatial decay of solutions to initial-boundary value problems for the heat equation in a three-dimensional cylinder, subject to non-zero boundary conditions only on the ends, is investigated. It is shown that the spatial decay of end effects in the transient problem is faster than that for the steady-state case. Qualitative methods involving second-order partial differential inequalities for quadratic functionals are first employed. The explicit spatial decay estimates are then obtained by using comparison principle arguments involving solutions of the one-dimensional heat equation. The results give rise to versions of Saint-Venant's principle in transient heat conduction.