Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Processing Methods and Blending Cereal and Legume Grain on Some Mineral and Sensory Qualities of Weaning Foods

The most important nutritional problems in weaning foods consumed by infants in many parts of developing nations including Ethiopia are deficiencies in macronutrients and micronutrients. In view of this, the effect of processing method and blending of teff, finger millet, and sprouted groundnut on mineral contents and sensory acceptability of weaning food gruel was investigated. The treatments consisted of three blends B 1 (20% teff + 40% finger millet + 40% groundnut), B 2 (30% teff + 30% finger millet + 40% groundnut) and B 3 (40% teff + 20% finger millet + 40% groundnut) and six processing condition (roasting, fermentation, three duration of sprouting and unprocessed blend as a control). The experiment was laid out as a Completely Randomized Design (RCD) in a factorial arrangement (3 x 6 = 18 treatments) and replicated three times per treatment. The mineral contents of initial ingredients and blended samples were analyzed using standard methods. Processing condition had significant (P < 0.05) effect on mineral and sensory properties of weaning food gruel. On sprouting (groundnut), roasting, and fermentation, zinc content increased. The highest zinc content (3.86 mg/100 g) was obtained in response to sprouting groundnut for 12 hr in blend B 3 and the lowest was (1.91 mg/100 g) in the control weaning food B 1 . The highest iron (32.96 mg/100 g) content was recorded for roasted weaning food of B3, while the lowest (14.70 mg/100 g) was obtained in the control blend B1. The highest calcium (304.82 mg/100 g) content was in the roasted weaning food blend B 1 and the lowest (110.63 mg/100 g) was in the control blend B1. Sensory analysis revealed that the most acceptable product was obtained from roasted blends of weaning food (i.e., color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability scores of 5.36, 5.66, 5.84 and 5.75 on 7-point hedonic scale, respectively). Overall, the result showed, roasting or fermentation or sprouting of groundnut (12 to 24 hr and drying the sprout at 50 o C for 20 hr) and blending level at B 3 have improved the nutrient quality and sensory acceptability of weaning food gruel compared to control sample. In the developing country like Ethiopia factory processed weaning foods are not affordable for majority of the population, such domestic processing conditions can be promoted at each household to improve weaning food gruel quality for child of weaning age. Keywords: Blending ratio; fermentation; finger millet; groundnut sprouting; teff, mineral contents; roasting, sensory quality
Effectiveness of Health Education With Media Leaflet on Knowledge and Attitude of Self-Breast Examination in Young Woman

Breast self-examination is an activity carried out by a woman to detect abnormalities in the breast. Breast self-examination activities should be done once every month, for women who still experience regular menstruation, it is advisable to do breast self-examination on the 7th day to the 10th day of menstruation is calculated from the first day of menstruation. Health education using audiovisuals or lectures has often been done, whereas individual counseling in the form of leaflets is rarely done so this research needs to be done. The purpose of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of Health Education with Media Leaflets on Knowledge and Attitudes of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) in young women. The method used was pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used incidental sampling of 76 respondents. Bivariate analysis techniques using Wilcoxon. Wilcoxon's statistical test results produce a significance value of p-value between the effectiveness of health education with media leaflets on BSE knowledge of 0,000 with p-value 0,000 <0.05 and BSE attitude of 0,000 with a p-value of 0,000 <0.05. The conclusion is that there are statistically and clinically significant differences between BSE knowledge and attitudes before and after health education with media leaflets. Keywords—Health Education, Leaflet, Knowledge,
NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF THE STEAM CONDENSING FLOW

Considering the flow in the last stages of LP (low pressure) steam turbine the strong non-linearity of the thermal parameters of state and possibility of the two-phase flow have to be taken into account in the numerical calculation of the flow field. In this paper numerical calculations of the steam condensing flow for the turbine geometry are presented. The steam properties are described here on the basis of the IAPWS'97 formulation. The classical nucleation theory of Volmer and Frenkel was adapted for modelling of condensing flow. The droplet growth model of Gyarmathy is implemented. The calculations are based on the time dependent 3D Euler equations, which are coupled to three additional mass conservation equations for the liquid phase and are solved in conservative form.
Impact of Lithium Salts on the Combustion Characteristics of Electrolyte under Diverse Pressures

The electrolyte is one of the components that releases the most heat during the thermal runaway (TR) and combustion process of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, the thermal hazard of the electrolyte has a significant impact on the safety of LIBs. In this paper, the combustion characteristics of the electrolyte such as parameters of heat release rate (HRR), mass loss rate (MLR) and total heat release (THR) have been investigated and analyzed. In order to meet the current demand of plateau sections with low-pressure and low-oxygen areas on LIBs, an electrolyte with the most commonly used lithium salts, LiPF6, was chosen as the experimental sample. Due to the superior low-temperature performance, an electrolyte containing LiBF4 was also selected to be compared with the LiPF6 sample. Combustion experiments were conducted for electrolyte pool fire under various altitudes. According to the experimental results, both the average and peak values of MLR in the stable combustion stage of the electrolyte pool fire had positive exponential relations with the atmospheric pressure. At the relatively higher altitude, there was less THR, and the average and peak values of HRR decreased significantly, while the combustion duration increased remarkably when compared with that at the lower altitude. The average HRR of the electrolyte with LiBF4 was obviously lower than that of solution containing LiPF6 under low atmospheric pressure, which was slightly higher for LiBF4 electrolyte at standard atmospheric pressure. Because of the low molecular weight (MW) of LiBF4, the THR of the corresponding electrolyte was larger, so the addition of LiBF4 could not effectively improve the safety of the electrolyte. Moreover, the decrease of pressure tended to increase the production of harmful hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas.
The Compatibility of Hemoglobin A1c with Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Fasting Plasma Glucose

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease requiring lifelong medical care, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Early diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes is significant in view of the mortality, morbidity and cost associated with them. Because of the difficulties in application and reproducibility of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which is considered to be the gold standard in the diagnosis of DM, more feasible diagnostic tests are needed. This study aims to evaluate the validity of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in predicting prediabetes and diabetes in the Turkish population and to evaluate the compatibility of HbA1c with other diagnostic tests. Methods: The patients who were admitted to Health Sciences University Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital internal diseases and endocrinology outpatient clinics between 01.01. 2013 and 30.06. 2014 enrolled in this study. The participants were >18 years of age and were not diagnosed with prediabetes or DM earlier. The results of OGTT, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c tests were retrospectively screened, and the correlation of them was analyzed. Results: In this study, 201 participants enrolled. Of these cases, 127 were women and 74 were men. Mean age of the group was 49.3±10.4 years. HbA1c was observed <5.7% in the 15%, 5.7-6.4% in the 60%, and ≥ 6.5% in the 25% of the cases. While FPG was <100 mg/dL in 24% of the participants, it was found to be between 100-126 mg/dL in 71% and ≥126 mg/dL in 5% of the participants. According to the OGTT data, 23% of the cases were healthy, 59% were prediabetic and 18% were diabetic. The sensitivity and specificity of HbA1c were calculated as 50% and 80%, respectively. While the sensitivity of FPG was 17% and specificity was 97%. Conclusion: The data obtained from our study show that HbA1c is a more sensitive test compared to FPG in the diagnosis of DM. Prospective studies with broad participation at national and international levels are needed to redefine HbA1c cut-off points for the diagnosis of DM and prediabetes. Thus, it will be possible to revise the diagnostic guidelines accordingly.
Two common invertebrate predators show varying predation responses to different types of sentinel prey

Sentinel prey (an artificially manipulated patch of prey) are widely used to assess the level of predation provided by natural enemies in agricultural systems. Whilst a number of different methodologies are currently in use, little is known about how arthropod predators respond to artificially manipulated sentinel prey in comparison with predation on free‐living prey populations. We assessed how attack rates on immobilized (aphids stuck to cards) and artificial (plasticine lepidopteran larvae mimics) sentinel prey differed to predation on free‐moving live prey (aphids). Predation was assessed in response to density of the common invertebrate predators, a foliar‐active ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and a ground‐active beetle Pterostichus madidus (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Significant increases in attack rates were found for the immobilized and artificial prey between the low and high predator density treatments. However, an increased predator density did not significantly reduce numbers of free‐living live aphids included in the mesocosms in addition to the alternate prey. We also found no signs of predation on the artificial prey by the predator H. axyridis. These findings suggest that if our assessment of predation had been based solely on the foliar artificial prey, then no increase in predation would have been found in response to increased predator density. Our results demonstrate that predators differentially respond to sentinel prey items which could affect the level of predation recorded where target pest species are not being used.
Association of Corneal Biomechanics Properties with Myopia in a Child and a Parent Cohort: Hong Kong Children Eye Study

Associations between corneal biomechanics, axial elongation and myopia are important but previous results are conflicting. Our population-based study aimed to investigate factors associated with corneal biomechanics, and their relationships with myopia in children and adults. Data from 3643 children and 1994 parents showed that children had smaller deformation amplitudes (DA) than parents (p < 0.001). A larger DA was significantly associated with elongated axial length (AL; children: ß = 0.011; adults: ß = 0.0013), higher corneal curvature (children: ß = 0.0086; adults: ß = 0.0096), older age (children: ß = 0.010; adults: ß = 0.0013), and lower intraocular pressure (IOP; children: ß = −0.029; adults: ß = −0.031) in both cohorts. The coefficient of age for DA in children was larger than in adults (p < 0.001), indicating that the DA change with age in children is faster than in adults. DA was significantly associated with spherical equivalent (p < 0.001) resulting from its correlation with AL and corneal curvature. In conclusion, the cornea is more deformable in adults than in children, whereas corneal deformation amplitude increases faster with age in children than that in adults, along with AL elongation. Longer AL, steeper corneal curvature, older age and smaller IOP correspond to a more deformable cornea. The association between corneal deformation amplitude and refraction was mediated via AL and corneal curvature.
Context-Aware Telco Outdoor Localization

Recent years have witnessed the fast growth in telecommunication (Telco) techniques from 2G to upcoming 5G. Precise outdoor localization is important for Telco operators to manage, operate and optimize Telco networks. Differing from GPS, Telco localization is a technique employed by Telco operators to localize outdoor mobile devices by using measurement report (MR) data. When given MR samples containing noisy signals (e.g., caused by Telco signal interference and attenuation), Telco localization often suffers from high errors. To this end, the main focus of this paper is how to improve Telco localization accuracy via the algorithms to detect and repair outlier positions with high errors. Specifically, we propose a context-aware Telco localization technique, namely <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf RLoc}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">RLoc</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="hui-ieq1-3025127.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, which consists of three main components: a machine-learning-based localization algorithm, a detection algorithm to find flawed samples, and a repair algorithm to replace outlier localization results by better ones (ideally ground truth positions). Unlike most existing works to detect and repair every flawed MR sample independently, we instead take into account spatio-temporal locality of MR locations and exploit trajectory context to detect and repair flawed positions. Our experiments on the real MR data sets from 2G GSM and 4G LTE Telco networks verify that our work <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf RLoc}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">RLoc</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="hui-ieq2-3025127.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> can greatly improve Telco location accuracy. For example, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf RLoc}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">RLoc</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="hui-ieq3-3025127.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> on a large 4G MR data set can achieve 32.2 meters of median errors, around 17.4 percent better than state-of-the-art.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Coordinated Multipoint in Downlink NOMA Networks

In this letter, we investigate the amalgamation between the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology and the joint transmission coordinated multipoint (JT-CoMP) in order to enhance the performance of a cell-edge user equipment (UE) in a two-user non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) group without deteriorating the performance of the NOMA cell-center UE. The RIS is adopted to construct a strong combined channel gain at the cell-edge UE, while JT-CoMP is used to mitigate the effects of inter-cell interference (ICI). In this proposed framework, we derive first a closed-form expression for the ergodic rate of the cell-edge UE, and then we evaluate the network spectral efficiency. We validate the derived expression through Monte-Carlo simulations, where we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework compared to other multiple access techniques proposed in the literature.
Volunteer Observer Bias and Sharp-Tailed Grouse Lek Counts in the Upper Midwest

For most species of prairie grouse Tympanuchus spp. standardized monitoring protocols do not exist across adjoining jurisdictions. For instance, researchers monitor relatively small and disjunct populations of prairie sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasisanellus campestris in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota using different lek count protocols. Some of these state-led monitoring efforts include the widespread use of volunteers who conduct lek counts without training. To facilitate discussions regarding standardizing sharp-tailed grouse lek count protocols in the Upper Midwest and elsewhere, we quantified the magnitude of differences in data arising from lek counts conducted by paired observers and examined factors potentially associated with observer bias (e.g., training type, use of optical equipment, experience). During 2010–2015, 44 unique pairs of formally trained volunteers in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan performed 93 counts at one lek while controlling for weather, distance to the lek, and the timing of observations. All counts consisted of six 1 min observations over 1 h. At three leks in northeastern Minnesota during 2015, nine pairs (consisting of an individual new to lek counts and a more experienced biologist) performed 21 lek counts using the same protocols, but without formal training for novice observers. Across all years and all sites, our results consistently indicated more agreement in data for dancing birds than nondancing birds. Overall, the mean ± SE difference between paired observers for total birds (dancing and nondancing combined) was 1.05 ± 0.09 in Michigan and 0.37 ± 0.08 in Minnesota. Generalized linear models indicated that the use of optical equipment and training type for dancing birds and training type for nondancing birds were significant factors that improved data agreement in Michigan. In Minnesota, models indicated that experience level (number of surveys performed) of the technician or volunteer did not affect count differences for dancing birds or nondancing birds. We contend that using behavior as a proxy for sex can bias lek count data for sharp-tailed grouse. We suggest lek count protocols in the Upper Midwest be simplified and standardized. Specifically, we suggest that observers report the total number of observed birds (regardless of behavior) and that protocols establish a set duration of observation. We also suggest that the use of optical equipment be required and that training be mandatory.
Functional interrogation of a depression-related serotonergic SNP, rs6295, using a humanized mouse model

The serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) system has been extensively implicated in modulating mood and behavior. Notably, 5-HT1A levels in humans display remarkable variation and differences in receptor levels have been linked with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Further, manipulation of receptor levels in mice suggests that changes in receptor levels that model existing human variation are sufficient to drive behavioral alterations. As a result, genetic mechanisms that modulate human 5-HT1A levels may be important for explaining individual differences in mood and behavior, representing a potential source of psychiatric disease risk. One common genetic variant implicated in differential 5-HT1A levels is the G/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs6295, located upstream of the human 5-HT1A gene. This SNP differentially binds the transcription factor, NUDR/Deaf1, leading to cell-type specific effects on transcription in vitro. To investigate the direct effects of this SNP in the heterogeneous cellular context of the brain, we generated humanized transgenic mice using a design that maximized the local transcriptional landscape of the human HTR1A gene while also controlling for effects of genomic insertion location. Expression of the human transgene in a 5-HT1A null mouse resulted in line-dependent expression of human 5-HT1A. The effect of rs6295 on protein levels and behavior similarly differed across lines, suggesting that the penetrance of rs6295 may depend upon background genetic factors. Together, this work confirms that relatively subtle differences in 5-HT1A levels can contribute to differences in behavior and highlights the challenges of modeling human non-coding genetic variation in mice.
The photophysics of pyridinium betaines studied by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy : focus on the photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer process

Ce travail concerne la photophysique en solution de la Pyridinium betaine, 2-Pyridin-1-yl-1H-benzimidazole (SBPa), et de deux derives substitues par des groupes mono- ou bi-thiopheniques. Il repose sur un ensemble de mesures par spectroscopies stationnaires et par absorption resolue en temps, completees par des calculs PCM-(TD)DFT. Les donnees d’absorption/emission et de TDDFT revelent pour SBPa une transition de transfert de charge intramoleculaire S0→S2(CT) intense et fortement solvatochromique, accompagnee d’une considerable variation de moment dipolaire, et une transition d’emission S1→S0 depourvue de solvatochromisme. L’analyse detaillee des formes de bandes et du solvatochromisme, en traitant les solvants protiques et aprotiques separement, a conduit a une connaissance approfondie des effets de solvants et l’evaluation de quatre moments dipolaires impliques.A partir de mesures d’absorption femtoseconde, un schema complet de la photophysique de SBPa a pu etre etabli, mettant en jeu deux etats CT distincts : l’etat S2(CT) peuple initialement conduit par un processus ICT sub-picoseconde a un autre etat de transfert de charge S1(CT), parallelement a la formation de l’etat S1 fluorescent (t<150 fs). L’examen des effets de solvants suggere que le processus ICT a lieu dans la region inverse de Marcus et est purement controle par le solvant en milieu aprotique. L’etude analogue des molecules substituees par des groupes mono et bi-thiopheniques montre que le processus de transfert de charge est preserve mais entre en competition avec une autre voie de desactivation photophysique parallele impliquant specifiquement le systeme π localise sur les substituants thiopheniques.
Pluripotency factors regulate the onset of Hox cluster activation in the early embryo

Pluripotent cells are a transient population present in the early mammalian embryo dependent on transcription factors, such as OCT4 and NANOG, which maintain pluripotency while simultaneously suppressing lineage specification. Interestingly, these factors are not exclusive to uncommitted cells, but are also expressed during early phases of differentiation. However, their role in the transition from pluripotency to lineage specification is largely unknown. Using genetic models for controlled Oct4 or Nanog expression during postimplantation stages, we found that pluripotency factors play a dual role in regulating key lineage specifiers, initially repressing their expression and later being required for their proper activation. We show that the HoxB cluster is coordinately regulated in this way by OCT4 binding sites located at the 3’ end of the cluster. Our results show that core pluripotency factors are not limited to maintaining the pre-committed epiblast, but are also necessary for the proper deployment of subsequent developmental programs.