Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Much Transparency is Too Much? A Moment-to-Moment Analysis of Viewer Comfort in Response to Animal Slaughter Videos

The Glass Walls project is a series of videos created by the American Meat Institute that works to create increased transparency regarding agricultural industry practices surrounding animal slaughter and carcass fabrication. To assess the impact of the increased transparency presented in these videos, this study examined consumer response to sampled portions of these videos using a novel measurement approach to agricultural communications, continuous response measurement or “dial testing. ” Two samples of college students who differed in their level of agricultural involvement provided continuous ratings of perceived comfort while viewing the two videos. Findings indicated that participants with higher agricultural involvement reported less discomfort with the material being presented. Further, critical moments within the videos that elicited a strong uncomfortable response were identified through this novel measurement approach. These moments elicited strong responses, regardless of viewers’ level of agricultural involvement. Results suggested that attempts at increased transparency may elicit discomfort from the consumer. Therefore, practitioners and researchers should seek to develop ways to present the same material, but in a way that creates less discomfort for the audience. In addition to the findings of this study, details regarding the use and need of continuous response measurement in agricultural communications are included.
The role of partner diversity in collaborative knowledge creation -A study in the Victorian biotechnology industry

There is increasing research on knowledge networks as sources to acquire and access knowledge. While this literature mainly has focused on the contribution of network structure characteristics, existing reviews show that the current literature has produced seemingly contradictory results and a growing body of research highlights the need for contingency approaches. Based on a thorough literature review, this research focused on knowledge process as one of the contingencies; this has also been considered as a measure for the knowledge exploration process. Hence two hypotheses were formulated and tested by studying the patent co-authorship networks of biotechnology firms in Victoria, Australia. Using social network analysis and moderated multiple regressions, our research positively confirmed the relationship between knowledge processes and network structure. Also based on the interaction analysis, two interesting inter-relations are discussed. Finally the implications of the findings and the potential to contribute to understanding prior contradictory results are discussed.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE TUNISIAN REVOLUTION

This document is the English version of: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Baccar Gherib, « Économie politique de la révolution tunisienne », Revue Tiers Monde 2012/4 (No 212), p. 19-36. DOI 10.3917/rtm.212. 0019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Translated from the French by JPD Systems --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Albumin and Globulin Proteins of Wheat Flour: Immunological and N-terminal Sequence Characterisation

Abstract Several non-storage proteins are encoded by genes on individual wheat chromosomes and these have been used as genome-specific markers. In this study, a library of monoclonal antibodies with differing specificities to water- and salt-soluble proteins has been developed in order to obtain markers for different wheat chromosomes. Two antibodies, BCSAU 9D1 and JGM 1B4 were found to bind polypeptides encoded by chromosomes 3D and 4D respectively. Other antibodies bound to small numbers of polypeptides encoded by more than one chromosome, such as 5A, 7D, 5B and 5D. The proteins recognised by some of the antibodies were isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography, and one protein was identified as an alpha -amylase inhibitor by N-terminal sequence characterisation. In addition, 16 water-soluble and eight salt-soluble proteins were isolated using SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, two-dimensional electrophoresis and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, with the main objective being to confirm the identity of particular proteins, especially those which were able to be assigned to particular chromosomes. The N-terminal sequencing characterisation identified 19 proteins, whereas four proteins were found to be blocked and one did not match with any proteins in the database. Most of the water-soluble proteins belonged to a family of alpha -amylase inhibitors. One protein, assigned to chromosome 4BS, was homologous to serine carboxypeptidase III. N-terminal sequences of some of salt-soluble proteins matched with internal sequences of barley embryo globulin. Other proteins were identified as lipid transfer protein, peroxidase BP-1 precursor and histone H4 proteins. The protein sequences could also potentially be used for making antibody or DNA probes for use in selection in breeding programmes.
Tubal Sterilization Preceding Endometrial Ablation is an Independent Risk Factor for Hysterectomy

Cite this article: Klebanoff JS, Bitar G, Ruhstaller K (2018) Tubal Sterilization Preceding Endometrial Ablation is an Independent Risk Factor for Hysterectomy. Med J Obstet Gynecol 6(2): 1122. *Corresponding author Jordan Klebanoff, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Christiana Care Health System, The George Washington University Hospital, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA, Tel: 215-738-8894; Email:
Effect of breed and ultimate pH on the odour and flavour of sheep meat

Abstract Coopworth and Merino lambs were slaughtered at 8 months after being grazed together on ryegrass/clover pasture from weaning. The flavour and odour intensities of the cooked lean (longissimus lumborum muscle) and odour intensity of subcutaneous fat were assessed by an analytical panel. Sheepmeat flavour in the lean was stronger (P < 0.01) in Coopworth and foreign flavour was stronger in Merino (P < 0.001). However, the mean pH of the meats also differed significantly (P < 0.001) (Coopworth, 5.77; Merino, 6.16), thereby confounding the effects of pH and breed. Panellists' comments pointed to a breed effect in subcutaneous fat odour, but means for sheepmeat and foreign odours in the fat were statistically identical. Meat toughness, assessed by the same panel, peaked around pH 6.0, irrespective of breed. In a parallel study of the Merino lambs and five Merino cross breeds, an in-house panel assessed acceptability rather than intensity of meat attributes. All crosses and the pure Merino produced meat .
Managing risk in clonal forestry

AbstractRisks associated with clonal forestry are mainly biological. Among such risks, propagation failure,cultivar decline, and imperfect clonal evaluation all call for speciﬁc, targeted countermeasures;delayed failure of clones, however, calls mainly for risk spread. Propagation failures often reducegenetic gain and/or narrow the genetic base. Cultivar decline typically stems from maturation,especially in conifers, and can preclude successful clonal forestry. Maturation can be much delayedby hedging, serial propagation, coppicing (if possible), and cold-storage of tissue, but effectivelyhalting maturation probably requires embryogenesis together with cryogenic storage. Totallyrestoring juvenility in vegetative material is an ideal, but it is still seldom achievable. Other possibleforms of cultivar decline include plagiotropism, and virus infection in hardwoods. Inadequate clonalevaluation can lead to delayed underperformance, especially where genotype-site interaction isimportant. Clonal failure can result from biotic and climatic events, which may be unpredictable.Climatic damage may affect only occasional clones, but biotic damage is often more compre-hensive. Risk spread, however, will not counter agents that cause unacceptable failure rates amongdeployed clones. Theoretically, as the effective number of unrelated clones exceeds about 20, theadditional protection conferred by risk spread becomes marginal, and genetic gain can becomesigniﬁcantly eroded. How to deploy a portfolio of clones, in options ranging from intimate mixtureto monoclonal mosaics, is debatable. The appropriate choice can depend on various factors,including the nature of likely damage, the epidemiology of the pathogen or insect pest, thesilvicultural regime, and the logistics of possible salvage harvesting.Keywords: Clonal forestry, Tree breeding, Risk management, Vegetative propagation, Clonal deployment
Responses of adult broiler breeders to feeding time

Feeding time has the potential to influence the performance of adult broiler breeder flocks and is thus of great importance. A literature review is presented concerning the responses of adult broiler breeders to feeding time. It appears that there is no benefit in feeding broiler breeders later in the day with regard to egg numbers or egg weight. There is a potential improvement in shell quality that results from feeding later in the day or from splitting the daily feed allocation across more frequent feeding periods throughout the day. However, anticipated improvements in shell quality due to delayed feeding times may not be realised, particularly when birds are housed on litter floors. Furthermore, improvements in shell quality may not be translated into improvements in hatchability due to increases in shell thickness adversely affecting the water vapour conductance of the eggshell. Broiler hatching egg producers should be aware that later feeding times may delay the time of oviposition, which may demand changes in farm procedures. Furthermore, delayed feeding times may result in feeding activity coinciding with other important periods of activity, such as mating and oviposition, resulting in a reduction in fertility and an increase in the production of eggs with abnormal shells. The current commercial practice of feeding adult broiler breeders early in the day, at, or near, lights-on, is justified, as feeding at this time has positive consequences for other aspects of hatching egg production. However, afternoon feeding is not necessarily detrimental and may be an option to consider in cases where improvements in shell quality are required, although this may not be the solution for hatchability problems. If a change in feeding time is under consideration, environmental conditions, particularly the photoperiod and ambient temperature, must be taken into account, and any changes should be made gradually, as broiler breeders may be sensitive to abrupt changes in feeding time. Furthermore, changes in the feeding schedule should be accompanied by close monitoring of performance parameters, including the number of settable, abnormal and floor eggs, percentage of fertile eggs, and hatch of fertiles.
Parasitization of Acyrthosiphon Pisum by Aphidius Smithi, A Density‐Dependent Process in Nature. (Homoptera: Aphidae) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

The interrelationships between the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) and its parasite, Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao, were studied in alfalfa fields at Riverside, California from July 1961 to July 1962 and at Pala Mesa (San Diego County), California from July 1962 to July 1963. Response of aphidius to changes in Acyrthosiphon density was repeatedly in each plot. However, in both areas during much of the year the wasps' density dependence was obscured by certain factors in the environment. Weather conditions, agricultural practices, and competition from fungus disease appeared to be the most important of these factors. In each area, though, in late spring when conditions were apparently optimum for parasite activity the wasp evinced a clear cut response to increasing aphid density and quickly overwhelmed the host population. The possible relationships of the findings of the present study to the density—dependent phenomenon in general are briefly discussed. See full-text article at JSTOR
Effects of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction on Cell Migration and Ocular Tumor Invasion inDrosophila

Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) decoction mainly for treating blood stasis syndrome, has been widely investigated and applied in clinic and in laboratory. XFZYD contains 11 herbs and has been identified to promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis for cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, blood stasis is directly related to malignant tumor according to TCM basic theory. However, the effects of XFZYD on tumor metastasis and the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we employed well-established Drosophila cell migration and tumor invasion models to explore whether XFZYD has the anticancer activity on tumor metastasis in vivo. Our work has demonstrated that XFZYD could suppress cell migration and tumor invasion at the moderate concentrations. In addition, XFZYD altered the expression of MMP1, β-integrin, and E-cadherin to impede cell migration. Moreover, XFZYD inhibited ocular tumor invasion presumably by reducing the activity of Notch signaling. Together, these evidences reveal a positive role of XFZYD in suppressing cell migration and tumor metastasis, providing the potential drug targets and key clues for cancer clinical treatment strategies.
Augmented Language Models: a Survey

This survey reviews works in which language models (LMs) are augmented with reasoning skills and the ability to use tools. The former is defined as decomposing a potentially complex task into simpler subtasks while the latter consists in calling external modules such as a code interpreter. LMs can leverage these augmentations separately or in combination via heuristics, or learn to do so from demonstrations. While adhering to a standard missing tokens prediction objective, such augmented LMs can use various, possibly non-parametric external modules to expand their context processing ability, thus departing from the pure language modeling paradigm. We therefore refer to them as Augmented Language Models (ALMs). The missing token objective allows ALMs to learn to reason, use tools, and even act, while still performing standard natural language tasks and even outperforming most regular LMs on several benchmarks. In this work, after reviewing current advance in ALMs, we conclude that this new research direction has the potential to address common limitations of traditional LMs such as interpretability, consistency, and scalability issues.
The geographical range structure of the holly leaf‐miner. I. Population density

Summary 1 The local population density structure of a phytophagous insect, the holly leaf-miner Phytomyza ilicis Curtis, was examined across its natural geographical range in Europe. 2 The frequency distribution of the number of sample sites at which the leaf-miner attained different densities per tree was strongly right-skewed, with the species being absent from a large number of sites at which its host occurred, particularly in southern regions. 3 There was a decline in the spatial autocorrelation of leaf-miner densities with increasing distance between sample sites, with negative autocorrelation at long lags resulting in part from high densities being attained at the north-eastern range limits and low densities at the southern range limits. 4 Partial regression analysis was used to model leaf-miner densities in terms of spatial position within the geographical range and the broad climate experienced at the sample localities. This accounted for between 40 and 65% of the variation in densities, dependent upon how the leaf-miner’s geographical range was defined. 5 While overall these results are at odds with common and intuitively appealing assertions about the abundance structure of geographical ranges, they can readily be interpreted in terms of a simple modification of a general model of such structures.
Responses to feeding canola meal or lupin seed to pregnant, lactating, and dry ewes

Responses in wool production, ewe liveweight, lamb birth weight, and growth were compared when the major source of protein in the diet was either lupin seed or canola meal. The diets were fed to ewes during the final 3 weeks of pregnancy and first 3 weeks of lactation, and for a similar period of time to a group of dry ewes. All ewes were fed to maintain conceptus-free liveweight. The diet containing canola meal increased (P < 0.001) wool growth in the reproducing ewes (50-63%) and the dry ewes (12.5-20%) during, and for 3 weeks after, the treatment period. Fibre diameter of wool grown during the treatment period was increased (P < 0.025) by 0.5-1.5 pm in the ewes fed canola meal compared with ewes fed lupins. The ewes fed canola meal gained slightly (P = 0.06) more weight during the experiment than the ewes fed lupins. Lambs from the ewes fed canola meal were lighter (P < 0.05) at birth (480 g) than lambs from ewes fed lupins. The reproducing ewes had lower fleece weights, average fibre diameters, and staple strengths and lengths than the dry ewes. These fleece characteristics were not significantly affected by diet. Canola meal is partially protected from rumen degradation and is less expensive than other sources of similar proteins and may therefore provide a practical option for commercial sheep producers.
PREDATION OF ZEBRA MUSSELS BY DIVING DUCKS: AN EXCLOSURE STUDY'

Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are a novel and abundant potential food source for several species of diving ducks in the Great Lakes region. Using predator exclusion cages, behavioral observations, and analyses of duck gizzard contents, we ex- amined the predator-prey relationship between zebra mussels and their duck predators during the fall migratory period in Lake Erie at Point Pelee, Ontario. Diving ducks feeding on zebra mussels in the area reduced mussel biomass by 57% during the period of heaviest feeding, but had no measurable impact on mussel numbers. Birds were size-selective predators, preferentially taking medium and large mussels over the more common small ones, thereby altering the size structure of the mussel population. Ducks were abundant at Point Pelee only during late fall, and differences between cages and control areas had disappeared by the following spring. Overall, ducks had little lasting impact on mussel populations, but mussel abundance may have determined duck concentration in the area. Duck staging populations were higher in 1990, when mussels were more abundant, than in 1991, when mussels were much scarcer. Effective predator control of zebra mussels in the portion of the Great Lakes region that freezes over winter is unlikely because diving ducks are unable to overwinter in the area. However, mussels have become an important food source for diving ducks, and temporary reductions of mussel density through predation are likely in areas where ducks feed during migratory periods. Similarly, in regions where ducks are resident through winter, greater and longer lasting effects may be observed.
Migratory guidance mechanisms in marine turtles

Hatchling sea turtles emerge from underground nests, scramble to the ocean, and migrate to the open sea. Loggerhead Caretta caretta hatchlings from eastern Florida, U.S.A. , appear to use three different sets of orientation cues sequentially as they migrate offshore. On the beach, hatchlings crawl seaward by orienting toward the low, bright oceanic horizon. In the ocean, turtles initially orient offshore by swimming into waves, which can be detected as wave surge motion or orbital movements. As a hatchling crawls across the beach, swims offshore, or both, it apparently transfers the initial seaward heading to a magnetic compass. This transfer of directional information may allow turtles to maintain offshore courses in deep water where waves no longer move reliably toward land. Sea turtles may use the earth's magnetic field not only as a cue for compass orientation but also as a source of positional information. Results have demonstrated that loggerheads can detect inclination angle and field intensity, two geomagnetic features that vary predictably across the earth's surface. Hatchlings responded to magnetic features found along their migratory route by swimming in directions that would presumably favor retention within the North Atlantic gyre, an oceanic region favorable for growth and development. How adult turtles navigate to their natal regions to nest is not known. We speculate, however, that adults may exploit geomagnetic features in one of several different ways to guide themselves into the vicinity of a nesting area.
Natural Enemies of Cereal Stemborers in East Africa: A Review

The noctuids Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis and the pyraloids Chilo partellus, Chilo orichalcociliellus and Eldana saccharina are the most important stemborers of maize in East Africa. A wide range of egg, larval and pupal parasitoids of stemborers have been identified, but information on predators, nematodes and microbial pathogens is less extensive. The most abundant and widespread parasitoids in the East African region are the egg parasitoids Telenomus spp. and Trichogramma spp. , the larval parasitoids Cotesia sesamiae and Sturmiopsis parasitica and the pupal parasitoids Pediobius furvus and Dentichasmias busseolae. Predators, such as ants, spiders and earwigs can cause high mortality of eggs and young larvae in some areas. Nematodes and microbial pathogens have been reported to infect all life stages, but their impact is low under natural conditions. The abundance of natural enemies can vary considerably between locations and seasons. In general, indigenous natural enemies are not able to keep stemborer populations below economic injury levels. This paper summarises what is currently known of the natural enemies of cereal stemborers in East Africa. RésuméLes foreurs de tiges de maïs les plus importants de l’Afrique de l’est sont les noctuidés, Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis et les pyrales, Chilo partellus, Chilo orichalcociliellus, et Eldana saccharina. Une grande variété de parasitoïdes des oeufs, des larves et des pupes de ces foreurs est déjà connue. En revanche, l’information sur les prédateurs, les nematodes, et les pathogènes microbiens est limitée. Les parasitoïdes les plus abondants et ayant une plus grande distribution en Afrique de l’est sont les parasitoïdes des oeufs, Telenomus spp. , Trichogramma spp. , les parasitoïdes des larves, Cotesia sesamiae, Sturmiopsis parasitica et ceux des pupes, Pediobius furvus, et Dentichasmias busseolae. Les prédateurs telles que les fourmis peuvent dans certaines regions causer une mortalité élevée des oeufs et des jeunes larves. Il a été rapporté que les nématodes et les microbes infectent tous les stades de vie du foreur de tige, toutefois, leur impact est bas sous conditions naturelles. L’abondance des ennemis naturels varie selon les régions et les saisons. En général, les ennemis naturels locaux sont incapables de maintenir les populations des foreurs en dessous des seuils de dommages économiques. Cet article resume toutes les informations connues sur les ennemis naturels des foreurs de tiges de céréales en Africa de l’est.