Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yolngu places and people : taking aboriginal understandings seriously in land and sea management

II DECLARATION . III ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.IV TABLE OF CONTENTS.VI List of Illustrations. ix Plates.x List of Abbreviations. xi FOREMATTERS. 1 Preliminary Information . 1 1. The Yol\u Community. 1 2. The Local Context.2 3. The Dhimurru Land Management Aboriginal Corporation . 3 4. Description of Institutions Collaborating with Dhimurru . 4 PROLOGUE . 5 Scene 1: A Dhimurru Committee Meeting May 1994.5 Scene 2: A Monday Morning at Dhimurru March 1996.8 Scene 3: Dhimurru Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) launch. 12 THIS THESIS . 15 CHAPTER 1. CONTEMPORARY LAND AND SEA MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIA. 20 1.1 Land and Sea Management Policy and Strategy in Australia. 21 1.2 International Land and Sea Management Agreements. 24 1.3 Administration of Land and Sea in Australia . 31 1.3.1 Administrative Recognition of Aboriginal Land/Sea Tenure.36 1.4 Land and Sea Management Policies and Strategies in Australia . 40 1.5. What Does Land and Sea Management Set Out to Achieve in Indigenous Australia? 45 1.6. What Are the Implications of These Policy Statements and Institutional Arrangements? 49 Table 1.1. International Land and Sea Management Documents.i Table 1.2. Australian Land and Sea Management Documents. xi CHAPTER 2. COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF LAND AND SEA IN AUSTRALIA . 1 2.1 The Notion of Joint Management. 1 2.2 Formal Joint Management Agreements . 9 2.3 Artefacts of Joint Management: the (1) Lease, (2) Plan of Management, (3) Board of Management and the (4) Institutional Structure of the Park . 13 2.3.1 The Lease. 13 2.3. 2 The Board of Management.14 2.3. 3 The Plan of Management. 15 2.3. 4 The Institutional Structure of the Park . 16 2.4 Encountering the Joint Management Agreements at Uluru-Kata Tju=a and Kakadu National Parks . 17 2.4. 1 Uluru-Kata Tju=a National Park. 17 2.4. 1.1 Encountering the Plan of Management for Uluru-Kata Tju=a National Park . 17 2.4. 1.2 Cultural Relativism as Ontological Strategy.23 2.4. 2 Evolving Ontological Strategies and Joint Management at Uluru-Kata Tju=a and Kakadu National Parks.25 2.4. 3 Kakadu National Park.28 2.4. 3.1 Encountering the Aboriginal Managers.28
Theoretical advantages of lenient Q-learners: an evolutionary game theoretic perspective

This paper presents the dynamics of multiple reinforcement learning agents from an Evolutionary Game Theoretic (EGT) perspective. We provide a Replicator Dynamics model for traditional multiagent Q-learning, and we extend these differential equations to account for lenient learners: agents that forgive possible mistakes of their teammates that resulted in lower rewards. We use this extended formal model to visualize the basins of attraction of both traditional and lenient multiagent Q-learners in two benchmark coordination problems. The results indicate that lenience provides learners with more accurate estimates for the utility of their actions, resulting in higher likelihood of convergence to the globally optimal solution. In addition, our research supports the strength of EGT as a backbone for multiagent reinforcement learning.
Genetic organization of the mau gene cluster in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1: complete nucleotide sequence and generation and characteristics of mau mutants

The nucleotide sequence of the methylamine utilization (mau) gene region from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 was determined. Open reading frames for 11 genes (mauFBEDACJGLMN) were found, all transcribed in the same orientation. The mauB, mauA, and mauC genes encode the periplasmic methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) large and small subunit polypeptides and amicyanin, respectively. The products of mauD, mauG, mauL, and mauM were also predicted to be periplasmic. The products of mauF, mauE, and mauN were predicted to be membrane associated. The mauJ product is the only polypeptide encoded by the mau gene cluster which is predicted to be cytoplasmic. Computer analysis showed that the MauG polypeptide contains two putative heme binding sites and that the MauM and MauN polypeptides have four and two FeS cluster signatures, respectively. Mutants generated by insertions in mauF, mauB, mauE, mauD, mauA, mauG, and mauL were not able to grow on methylamine or any other primary amine as carbon sources, while a mutant generated from an insertion in mauC was not able to utilize methylamine as a source of carbon but utilized C2 to C4 n-alkylamines as carbon sources. Insertion mutations in mauJ, mauM, and mauN did not impair the ability of the mutants to utilize primary n-alkylamines as carbon sources. All mau mutants were able to utilize methylamine as a nitrogen source, implying the existence of an alternative (methyl)amine oxidation system, and a low activity of N-methylglutamate dehydrogenase was detected. The mauD, mauE, and mauF mutants were found to lack the MADH small subunit polypeptide and have a decreased amount of the MADH large subunit polypeptide. In the mauG and mauL mutants, the MADH large and small subunit polypeptides were present at wild-type levels, although the MADHs in these strains were not functional. In addition, MauG has sequence similarity to cytochrome c peroxidase from Pseudomonas sp. The mauA, mauD, and mauE genes from Paracoccus denitrificans and the mauD and mauG genes from Methylophilus methylotrophus W3A1 were able to complement corresponding mutants of M. extorquens AM1, confirming their functional equivalence. Comparison of amino acid sequences of polypeptides encoded by mau genes from M. extorquens AM1, P. denitrificans, and Thiobacillus versutus shows that they have considerable similarity.
Modelling the sediment transport capacity of flows in steep nonerodible rills

A precise estimation of sediment transport capacity (Tc) is key to establishing process‐based erosion models. However, few data are available for estimating transport capacity on steep slopes and test materials sorted at high coarse grain values of >2 mm. Colluvial deposits with loose, coarse material and steep slopes make up the packed materials underlying the collapsing walls in benggang, which collapse due to hydraulic pressure and gravity. The objectives of this study were to investigate how flow discharge and slope steepness affect Tc and to examine relationships between Tc and flow velocity, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power for colluvial deposits found on steep slopes. A nonerodible rill flume of 4 m long and 0.12 m wide was used. Slope steepness values ranged from 18% to 84%, and unit flow discharge values ranged from 0.56 × 10−3 to 4.44 × 10−3 m2 s−1. Tc increased as a power function with flow discharge and slope steepness with a Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) value of 0.99, and the effects of flow discharge were stronger than those of slope steepness. Tc was overestimated for a colluvial deposit when the equations of the ANSWERS, Zhang et al. and Wu et al. models were considered and when Tc exceeded 5 kg m−1 s−1, as the slope steepness used in our study was much higher than those used (<47%) in the other models. Regression analyses show that Tc can be predicted from linear equations of flow velocity, stream power, and unit stream power, and Tc can be fit to shear stress with power function equation. Flow velocity optimizes to predict Tc with NSE = 0.97, and stream power and shear stress can also be successfully related to Tc (NSE = 0.91 and NSE = 0.81, respectively); however, unit stream power performs poorly (NSE = 0.67). These results provide a basis for establishing process‐based erosion models on steep colluvial slopes.
Novel approaches to the analysis of family data in genetic epidemiology

THE IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY DATA The study of Genetic Epidemiology has historically focused on the inheritance of genetic factors and phenotypes within families. In fact, much of genetics involves the study of patterns of familial resemblance and identifying the factors that explain the observed patterns. However, in recent years the most common study design for investigating the genetic determinants of diseases has become that of genome wide association studies (GWAS) utilizing samples of unrelated individuals. The popularity of this approach has been driven primarily by a flood of ever improving technologies. Unfortunately, while GWAS using unrelated individuals have revealed a great many interesting disease associated variants, these variants are typically of small effect and cannot explain the observed patterns of heritability for many traits. In contrast there are numerous examples of highly penetrant rare segregating alleles that have been discovered using family based approaches. Furthermore, family based approaches have other advantages: the ability to overcome confounding factors such as population stratification, and the numerous studies that have collected large amounts of family data and which should continue to be leveraged. Unfortunately, family based approaches to genetics have an added layer of complexity at all stages from design to analysis. This editorial introduces the Frontiers in Genetics Research Topic and Ebook: “Novel approaches to the analysis of family data in genetic epidemiology. ” The papers in this issue reveal that, even with easy access to high-throughput genotyping tools such as SNP arrays and next generation sequencing, family based study designs still play an important role in untangling the complex web of environmental and genetic factors that lead to disease.
Social Entrepreneurship and Broader Theories: Shedding New Light on the ‘Bigger Picture’

Abstract This article documents the results of a research workshop bringing together six perspectives on social entrepreneurship. The idea was to challenge existing concepts of the economy, the firm, and entrepreneurship in order to shed new light on social entrepreneurship and on our existing theoretical frameworks. The first two contributions use a macro-perspective and discuss the notion of adaptive societies and the tragedies of disharmonization, respectively. Taking a management perspective, the next two focus on the limits of conventional assumptions in management theory, particularly human capital theory and resource-based view. The final two contributions follow an entrepreneurship perspective highlighting the usefulness of mobilization theory and the business model lens to social entrepreneurship. Despite this diversity, all contributions share the fact that they challenge narrow definitions of the unit of analysis in social entrepreneurship; they illustrate the aspect of social embeddedness, and they argue for an open-but-disciplined diversity of theories in social entrepreneurship research.
Whole Brain Approaches for Identification of Microstructural Abnormalities in Individual Patients: Comparison of Techniques Applied to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Purpose Group-wise analyses of DTI in mTBI have demonstrated evidence of traumatic axonal injury (TAI), associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Although mTBI is likely to have a unique spatial pattern in each patient, group analyses implicitly assume that location of injury will be the same across patients. The purpose of this study was to optimize and validate a procedure for analysis of DTI images acquired in individual patients, which could detect inter-individual differences and be applied in the clinical setting, where patients must be assessed as individuals. Materials and Methods After informed consent and in compliance with HIPAA, 34 mTBI patients and 42 normal subjects underwent 3.0 Tesla DTI. Four voxelwise assessment methods (standard Z-score, “one vs. many” t-test, Family-Wise Error Rate control using pseudo t-distribution, EZ-MAP) for use in individual patients, were applied to each patient’s fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and tested for its ability to discriminate patients from controls. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to define optimal thresholds (voxel-level significance and spatial extent) for reliable and robust detection of mTBI pathology. Results ROC analyses showed EZ-MAP (specificity 71%, sensitivity 71%), “one vs. many” t-test and standard Z-score (sensitivity 65%, specificity 76% for both methods) resulted in a significant area under the curve (AUC) score for discriminating mTBI patients from controls in terms of the total number of abnormal white matter voxels detected while the FWER test was not significant. EZ-MAP is demonstrated to be robust to assumptions of Gaussian behavior and may serve as an alternative to methods that require strict Gaussian assumptions. Conclusion EZ-MAP provides a robust approach for delineation of regional abnormal anisotropy in individual mTBI patients.
Respiratory Infections in Myelomatosis

Since myelomatosis was first described, diagnostic advances have made it progressively easier to recognize at increasingly early stages. Originally it could only be diagnosed in a patient who presented with symptoms referable to the bones and who had Bence-Jones protein in the urine. Later the introduction of radiology and the technique of needle marrow biopsy added to the knowledge of this disease and allowed earlier diagnosis. More recently, a study of changes in the plasma proteins and their electrophoretic pattern in this disease has made it possible to diagnose it before bone changes and their associated symptoms become apparent. Such patients may present for investigation because of one or more of the following clinical pictures: Persistent anaemia, increasing weight loss (Brownell, 1955), nephritis (Bayrd and Heck, 1947), uraemia (Snapper, Turner, and Moscovitz, 1953), peripheral neuropathy (Clarke, 1956), primary amyloidosis (Lichtenstein and Jaffe, 1947; Hellier, 1959), and respiratory infections (Lawson, Stuart, Paull, Phillips, and Phillips, 1955). We have been particularly interested over the past few years in patients with myelomatosis who have presented at this hospital with respiratory infections before symptoms referable to bone changes have become apparent. In some cases the disease has been recognized by the chance finding on a chest radiograph of characteristic bone changes in ribs or clavicles or spine; in others it has been recognized because it is our practice, in any respiratory infection associated with anaemia, a normal white count, and a high E.S. R. , to estimate the plasma proteins and study their electrophoretic pattern. At this hospital from 1951 to 1959 inclusive there have been 20 patients with myelomatosis. Nine presented with bone pain alone, of whom six had back pain and three pain due to the disease in other bones. One came under investigation for persistent weight loss, and the remaining 10 presented with symptoms referable to the chest. Two of these were admitted because of chest pain which on further analysis was found to be angina of effort due to the anaemia associated with this disease. One was admitted with pulmonary tuberculosis, and while under treatment was found to have myelomatosis. The remaining seven patients presented with an acute respiratory infection, or gave a history of having had one recently. It is the purpose of this paper to describe these seven patients and to discuss the significance of respiratory complications in this disease. In the case reports only details of the pulmonary infections and the steps which led to the diagnosis of the underlying myelomatosis will be given. Other features will be omitted, as several excellent general reviews of this disease have already been published (Geshickter and Copeland, 1928; Atkinson, 1937; Bayrd and Heck, 1947; Lichtenstein and Jaffe, 1947; Adams, Ailing, and Lawrence, 1949; Snapper et al., 1953; Brownell, 1955; Dancaster, Hussain, and Jackson, 1959).
Identification of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases from Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 with Different Cleavage Activities*

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) are a class of enzymes that oxidatively cleave carotenoids into apocarotenoids. Dioxygenases have been identified in plants and animals and produce a wide variety of cleavage products. Despite what is known about apocarotenoids in higher organisms, very little is known about apocarotenoids and CCDs in microorganisms. This study surveyed cleavage activities of ten putative carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases from five different cyanobacteria in recombinant Escherichia coli cells producing different carotenoid substrates. Three CCD homologs identified in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 were purified, and their cleavage activities were investigated. Two of the three enzymes showed cleavage of β,β-carotene at the 9,10 and 15,15′ positions, respectively. The third enzyme did not cleave full-length carotenoids but cleaved the apocarotenoid β-apo-8′-carotenal at the 9,10 position. 9,10-Apocarotenoid cleavage specificity has previously not been described. The diversity of carotenoid cleavage activities identified in one cyanobacteria suggests that CCDs not only facilitate the degradation of photosynthetic pigments but generate apocarotenals with yet to be determined biological roles in microorganisms.
Massive Hematuria in Adults with Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome Associated with Vascular Malformation of the Bladder

Although hematuria has been reported in children with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, it is a rare presentation in the adult population. Two cases of massive hematuria in adults with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome are reported here. A unique feature was venous malformations of the bladder which were responsible for massive recurrent bleeding in 1 patient. The clinical presentation and management are discussed. Conservative endoscopic and arteriographic control seems to be appropriate as initial management in these patients.
Patching and micropatching in seismic data interpolation

I interpolate CMP gathers with PEFs arranged on a dense, radial grid. The radial grid facilitates preconditioning by radial smoothing, and enables the use of relatively large grid cells, which we refer to as micropatches. Even when the micropatches contain enough data samples that the PEF calculation problem appears overdetermined, radial smoothing still noticeably improves the interpolation, particularly on noisy data.
A two-step penalization and shrinkage approach for binary response data that is jointly separated and correlated: The effects of social networks on diarrheal disease

Epidemiologic data often violate common modeling assumptions of independence between subjects due to study design. Statistical separation is also common, particularly in the study of rare binary outcomes. Statistical separation for binary outcomes occurs when regions of the covariate space have no variation in the outcome, and separation can negatively impact the validity of logistic regression model parameters. When data are correlated, we generally use multi-level modeling for parameter estimation, and statistical approached have also been developed for handling statistical separation. Approaches for analyzing data with both separation and complex correlation, however, are not well-known. Extending prior work, we demonstrate a two-stage Bayesian modeling approach to account for both separated and highly correlated data through a motivating example examining the effect of social ties on Acute Gastrointestinal Illness (AGI) in rural Ecuador. The two-stage approach involves fitting a Bayesian hierarchical model to account for correlation using priors derived from parameter estimates from a Firth-corrected logistic regression model to account for separation. We compare estimates from the two-stage approach to standard regression methods that only account for either separation or correlation. Our results demonstrate that correctly accounting for separation and correlation when both are present can potentially provide better inference.
Wideband circularly polarized antenna using parasitic strip, stub and slot

A new single-fed, wideband circularly polarized slot antenna is presented. Wideband circular polarization is obtained through the use of a parasitic truncated square patch, parasitic slots, and stubs. The feed line utilizes two matching circuit stubs to achieve wide impedance bandwidth. A parasitic track is used to increase antenna beamwidth and also enhance antenna pattern stability in the higher frequency range. Several parametric studies of the most important parameters are also made. The axial ratio (AR) <;3dB is 49.5% (1.63 GHz to 2.67 GHz) and relative impedance bandwidth is 60% (1.6 GHz to 3 GHz).
Depression in Premanifest Huntingtons Disease: Effective Connectivity of Striatum and Default Mode Network

Depression is one of the most common and impactful features in premanifest Huntington's disease (HD). Depression is increasingly being conceptualised as a dysconnection syndrome and two large-scale networks surmised to contribute to the expression of depressive symptoms in premanifest HD are the striatum and the default mode network. Existing neuroimaging studies are limited and relied on functional connectivity: an inherently undirected measure of connectivity. Dynamic causal modelling allows testing of neurobiologically plausible models of connectivity changes in pre-specified networks. We investigated default mode network and striatal effective connectivity and depression in premanifest HD, using these model-based methods. We analysed 3T resting state fMRI data from 93 premanifest HD participants (51.6% females; Mage = 42.7). Behavioural measures included history of depression, Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd Edition (BDI-II) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, depression subscale (HADS-D). A cut-off score recommended for use in HD categorised clinically significant depressive symptoms. Regions of interest (ROIs) included medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, hippocampus, caudate, and putamen. Each ROI time series was calculated as the first principal component of the voxels' activity within an 8 mm sphere for medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate and a 6 mm sphere for all other regions and was further constrained within masks. Spectral dynamic causal modelling was used to estimate subject-level connectivity and parametric empirical bayes was employed to estimate group-level effective connectivity between participants with self-report depression history and those without. Leave-one-out cross-validation was performed for connections that reached this criterion. Model estimation was excellent, with average variance-explained of 89.70%. Having a depression diagnosis was associated with aberrant excitatory influence of both posterior and anterior DMN to hippocampi and striatal areas. No aberrant connections were found from medial prefrontal cortex to caudate or posterior cingulate. The present study demonstrates that aberrant connectivity patterns for premanifest HD with a history of depression is associated with coupling differences in depressive symptoms. Leave-one-out cross-validation accurately predicted clinically elevated depressive symptoms. Correct classification reached significance for HADS-D cut-off scores, corr(91) = -0.29: p = 0.002, and BDI-II scores, corr(91) = 0.36, p < 0.001. These findings suggest network dysconnection as a neural basis for depression in premanifest HD. Aberrant effective connections were associated with self-reported depression history, which was differentially associated with coupling changes in depressive symptoms. This adds to our understanding of the pathophysiology of HD and suggests defining functional networks of neuropsychiatric features plays an important role in understanding the disease.