Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can we count on early numerical abilities for early probabilistic reasoning abilities?

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that early numerical abilities are predictive of later mathematical achievement. In line with these previous studies, we investigated whether early numerical abilities are also associated with later probabilistic reasoning abilities. In the present study, we examined children’s numerical abilities in the second grade of preschool and their probabilistic reasoning abilities one and two years later. On the one hand, our results indicate that early numerical abilities assessed in the second grade of preschool predict the use of erroneous solving strategies to compare probabilities and create equal probabilities in the third grade of preschool. On the other hand, our results also indicate that the same early numerical abilities predict the use of more advanced or correct strategies when children are in the first grade of primary school. We discuss these seemingly contradicting findings in light of current research on probabilistic reasoning abilities.
Relationship between the diet and psychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Introduction: Some people try to treat psychiatric diseases such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and anxiety by practising some diets. But do they even work and have any scientific confirmation? The aim of the study: The aim of this study is to find out the relationship and influence of the diet on psychiatric diseases such as ADHD, depression and anxiety. Material and method: The research of the scientific articles was made on a database of PubMed and Google Scholar. Description of the state of knowledge: The results indicate that the lack of some nutrients such as vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, A, D, E, folic acid, zinc, iodine, selenium, iron, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and chrome may increase the risk of having depression symptoms. Unhealthy diet full of trans fats, red meat and lacking of fruit and vegetables may also lead to depression. Similar results were find due to the anxiety level and the diet. When it comes to ADHD, children with this disease had lower level of vitamins B12, B6, D and folic acids. Among the newly diagnosed celiac disease people, the majority showed ADHD symptoms. After the introduction of the gluten-free diet, the symptoms of the disease subsided. Summary: The results show the huge influence of the diet on the diseases such as depression, anxiety and ADHD
Changes in Biochemical and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Shine Muscat at Different Ripening Stages

Changes in the biochemistry and flavor of Shine Muscat grapes at different ripening stages (RS) were analyzed to identify factors affecting these characteristics. The yellowness index values were 45.1, 49.4, and 50.2 in the ripening stage 1 (RS1), ripening stage 2 (RS2), and ripening stage 3 (RS3) groups, respectively, representing the different ripening stages. The yellowness of the grape berries tended to increase with ripening due to the gradual breakdown of chlorophylls and the evolution of carotenoids. The total content of monoterpenes, on the other hand, was approximately two-fold higher at RS3 than RS1 and RS2. Moreover, linalool was the most abundant compound contributing to the total content of monoterpenes. The highest correlation was observed between the linalool content and °Brix/acid ratio (r = 0.9981), followed by the monoterpene content and °Brix/acid ratio (r = 0.9933). These findings indicate that changes in the contents of linalool and its oxidized forms may be used as a quality index and an indicator of the timing of harvest for Shine Muscat grapes.
Role of Attitudes in Transit and Auto Users’ Mode Choice of Ridesourcing

This paper presents the results of a study that examines the factors that influence travelers’ mode choice between transit and ridesourcing, for two distinct market segments—transit users in a regular context and auto users in occasional situations when a private vehicle is not available. Data from a stated preference (SP) survey were used for this study. Specifically, responses to a set of attitude-related questions were used to extract latent attitude factors that represent various aspects of attitudes toward mobility options. Mixed logit models were developed for the two classes. Socioeconomic and demographic attributes, as well as the attitudinal factors, were explored as independent variables. Model results revealed distinct behavior patterns between transit users and auto users. For transit users, the decision to shift to ridesourcing is highly affected by the perceptions of time and cost as well as motivations for technology, while the concerns on traveling with strangers and joy of driving were major barriers for auto users to use ridesourcing. Auto users would use ridesourcing when they believed that they would receive higher utilities, in relation to time, cost, reliability, convenience, comfort, stress relief, and so forth. This study provides further insights into the contributing factors to the choice between transit and ridesourcing. The results present a better understanding of the potential market for ridesourcing and highlight underlying attitudes that have significant influences on choice behavior. The findings could be helpful for planners and service providers to better plan for and address the needs and concerns of travelers.
Factors affecting color stability of maxillofacial prosthetic silicone elastomer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the factors involved in the color stability and degradation of Maxillo-Facial Prosthetic Silicone Elastomer (MFPSE). Further exploration was done to analyze past literature discussing the potential benefits to color stability when nano-particles were combined with pigmented MFPSE. Method: The search for the articles was done according to PRISMA guidelines. Articles were searched from “Scopus” and “Web of Sciences” from the year 1970 to 2019. Searches were carried out by two reviewers until November 2019. Articles for systematic review were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. Information regarding weathering conditions, pigments and filler-particle inclusion were extracted as appropriate. Further screening was done for meta-analyze case-control studies of red, blue and yellow pigments according to predefined scoring criteria. Meta-analysis was conducted on case-control studies that incorporated 5%,10% and 15% TiO2 in MFPSE with the said pigments and was carried out using Cochrane Review Manager 5.3. Results: 30 studies were selected for systematic review and 6 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The most prominent influencers of color stability were nano-fillers and the type of color used in the mixing. Furthermore, experimental conditions, weathering, color of investment plaster and the method of color detection all affected the degree of degradation. There was an overall significant difference found when TiO2 was incorporated with the pigmented silicone. There is significant difference when 10% (P = 0.0004) TiO2 is incorporated with the red pigment, 5% (P = 0.03) TiO2 with the yellow and 10% (P < 0.0001) and 15% (P = 0.02) TiO2 with the blue pigment. Conclusion: Type of pigment and nano-filler incorporated into the silicone play a role in influencing color stability. Incorporation of 10% TiO2 with red pigment,5% with yellow pigment and 10% or 15% TiO2 with blue pigment provided some protection to the silicone elastomer from color degradation.
PENGARUH KUALITAS AUDITOR, AUDIT TENURE DAN DEBT DEFAULT TERHADAP PENERIMAAN OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN

Going concern audit opinion defined as opinion state by the auditors based on their audit, concludes that substantial doubt exists with regard to the company’s ability to continue functioning as a business entity . This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of auditor quality, audit tenure, and debt default on the acceptance of going concern audit opinion. The sample used in this study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and have fulfilled the criteria that existed during the 2013-2017 period, a total of 20 companies. Data analysis techniques using logistic regression. The results of this study empirically prove that auditor quality and the debt default has a positive effect on the acceptance of going concern audit opinion, audit tenure has a negative effect on the acceptance of going concern audit opinion .
Board diversity: : Should we trust research to inform policy?

R esearch on board diversity has received much attention recently. This is a natural consequence of the fact that female representation on corporate boards has risen to the top of policy agendas. It is, however, far from obvious whether and how such research is useful for policy discussions. This is our own fault. We, the researchers, often do not explain what we are trying to achieve. We are not always clear about the limitations of our work, and we often tolerate misinterpretation of our work by policymakers and the media. In this short piece, I summarize what we have learned from the board diversity literature, and what is useful (and not useful) for policy debates and design. I organize my comments around three questions.
Nutrient Sensing in Cancer

Cell-intrinsic mechanisms of nutrient sensing are intimately linked to adaptive metabolic responses, and these pathways play critical roles in the complex and dynamic nutrient environment of a growing tumor. Nutrient-responsive transcription factors (e.g., HIF, SREBP, ATF4) and signaling pathways (e.g., mTORC1, AMPK) allow tumor cells to tune their metabolic output and strategies to fluctuations in nutrient availability, thus balancing tumor cell proliferation and survival with a combination of anabolic and adaptive responses. Coupling these nutrient-sensing mechanisms to the control of recycling and scavenging processes, such as autophagy and macropinocytosis, further enhances the adaptability to nutrients within tumors. Here, we discuss the key nutrient-sensing pathways active in cancer cells, how oncogenic events influence these pathways, and their likely contributions to tumor growth and survival. A better understanding of nutrient-sensing strategies and metabolic adaptations within the tumor microenv.
On the Modeling of the Three Types of Non-spiking Neurons of the Caenorhabditis elegans

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a well-known model organism in neuroscience. The relative simplicity of its nervous system, made up of few hundred neurons, shares some essential features with more sophisticated nervous systems, including the human one. If we are able to fully characterize the nervous system of this organism, we will be one step closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying the behavior of living things. Following a recently conducted electrophysiological survey on different C. elegans neurons, this paper aims at modeling the three non-spiking RIM, AIY and AFD neurons (arbitrarily named with three upper case letters by convention). To date, they represent the three possible forms of non-spiking neuronal responses of the C. elegans. To achieve this objective, we propose a conductance-based neuron model adapted to the electrophysiological features of each neuron. These features are based on current biological research and a series of in-silico experiments which use differential evolution to fit the model to experimental data. From the obtained results, we formulate a series of biological hypotheses regarding currents involved in the neuron dynamics. These models reproduce experimental data with a high degree of accuracy while being biologically consistent with state-of-the-art research.
Complex microsatellite primers for the detection of genetic polymorphisms

(57) Abstract: providing a composite microsatellites used as a self-anchor primer for screening genomic to detect polymorphisms. Preferred complexes microsatellite primers is complete composite dinucleotide primers adjacent dinucleotide pair comprises a common nucleotide is the same cycle over the composite connecting portions. In a useful embodiment, applying these same cycles composite primer to other known screening assays, including variations of AFLP assay.
Comparative in vitro killing activities of enrofloxacin when used alone and in combination with doxycycline against E. coli isolates from dogs and cats

Enrofloxacin (ENR) exhibits bactericidal activity while doxycycline (DOX), a drug of choice for Ehrlichia canis (E. canis), demonstrates bacteriostatic effect. When Gram-negative bacteria and E. canis co-infection occurs, using enrofloxacin concurrently with doxycycline is inevitable. The objectives of this study were to compare in vitro killing activities and killing times of enrofloxacin when used alone with those of its combination with doxycycline against ten Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from dogs and cats using time-kill curves. The combination treatment was administered either simultaneously (ENR+DOX at t=0 hr) or separately (DOX at t=0 followed by ENR at t=12 hr). The best killing activity was found with enrofloxacin alone, with a log reduction of 3.96 ± 0.49 (97.96-100.00% kill) within 2 hr of drug administration, followed by the simultaneous combination with a log reduction of 3.78 ± 0.37 (98.73-100.00% kill) within 6 hr, and the separated combination with a log reduction of 3.51 ± 0.47 (99.19-100.00% kill) within 12 hr. Comparing time to 3 log reduction (T3K), the separated combination killed E. coli significantly slower than enrofloxacin alone (8.04 ± 0.94 vs 2.47 ± 0.40 hr; p < 0.05), which was consistent with time to elimination (TE) (14.97 ± 1.35 vs 5.83 ± 0.58 hr; p < 0.05). This study establishes that the killing activities of enrofloxacin were reduced and delayed when used in combination with doxycycline, especially with 12-hour doxycycline pre-treatment, suggesting the antagonistic interaction between enrofloxacin and doxycycline when concurrently used against E. coli from dogs and cats.
Communicative Competence Formation of Future Officers in the Process of Foreign Language Training

Modernization of the military system and its content has enhanced the value of the foreign language as a subject aimed at the formation of communicative competence of future officers. It mainly concerns a professional language, which is an obligatory part of the cadets' professional training. One of the main tasks of foreign language training of future officers is to form the communicative competency in the spheres of professional and situational communication as well as to learn new professional information from foreign sources. Based on the stated above, the author developed the methodology of forming communicative competence of future officers in the process of foreign language training with the active implementation of informational communicative technologies and computer means of teaching: the virtual reality, military-professional games, role play stimulators, and other software, within which a dialogue appeared. The last is regarded as an active message exchange between participants of the educational process or a user and the information system in real-time. The use of informational communicative technologies has enabled instant access to remoted module informational resources, synchronous (asynchronous) communication between subjects of the educational process. It has also provided new opportunities for testing, administration, and cooperation. The experimental usage of the author's methodology was implemented into the teaching process of the subject “Foreign language” based on the intercultural educational environment as a set of immersion, virtual, interactive, and discourse educational environments. The analysis of the obtained results and objective consideration of the dynamics of the changes in the formation of communicative competence of future officers have been done through the integrated test (targeted monitoring, a set of adapted tests application, an online survey, a questionnaire, case study, situational modelling, individual and group interviews) and methods of mathematical statistics. The conducted study has proved the efficiency of the author’s methodology implementation based on the intercultural educational environment of higher military education establishments. The proposed methodology can be successfully used in the process of foreign language training of various specialists because its main strategic orientation is to form communicative competence and abilities for intercultural communication among students (cadets).
Spillovers of the Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy from the US to South Africa

This paper assesses the effect of US monetary policy on South Africa during the period 1990- 2018. We separately analyse and compare the effect of conventional monetary policy, before the Global Financial Crisis, and unconventional monetary policy, after the US monetary policy reached the zerolower bound. Our impulse response function results indicate that monetary policy in South Africa is somewhat independent, responding to local inflation, economic activity and financial conditions. However, the variance decomposition also indicates that the US monetary policy accounts for some variation of the South African policy rate. Finally, we find a sluggish response of industrial production and credit differ post the global financial crisis. We see this as an indication of the effects of structural issues to the real economy, political uncertainty and constrained households’ balance sheet which has prevented the local economy to take advantage of low local interest rates and the global economic recovery after the crisis.
Family entrepreneurial orientation as a driver of longevity in family firms: a historic analysis of the ennobled Trenor family and Trenor y Cía

Abstract This study uses family entrepreneurial orientation to explain longevity and trans-generational value creation in Trenor y Cía. , a Spanish family firm that remained in business for over three generations from 1838 to 1926. While the entrepreneurial view of the family was evident under the patriarch’s leadership, this was more remarkable when the second-generation introduced innovative industrial processes; furthermore, the family was actively engaged in other firms, before, during and after Trenor y Cía. When the Trenors managed to integrate into the Spanish nobility through marriage, the ennobled-entrepreneurs did not change their attitudes towards business and contributed to economic progress. The Trenor family also pursued non-financial goals to maintain socioemotional wealth, and played a key role in both society and politics. This analysis contradicts the view that family firms are often a burden for progress and confirms that they have bivalent attributes that can be managed to achieve net benefits.
Inefficiency and predictability in the Brexit Pound market: a natural experiment

Exploiting the near-experimental conditions provided by the GBPUSD exchange rate during the Brexit vote of 2016, we quantify a significant delay of the market price in reflecting the increasing probability of a Brexit outcome over the vote counting period. We claim that the Brexit outcome could realistically have been predicted hours before the market adjusted to the outcome. This inefficiency is identified by comparing the market-implied probability of a Brexit outcome with a separate probability, estimated by a standard Monte-Carlo algorithm based on a simple linear regression model, representative of what should have been easily possible in real time. The core of the method is the real-time re-calibration of ex-ante ‘pollster’ predictions for the voting district outcomes by regressing the observed voting results onto them. For comparative purposes, a study of the MXNUSD exchange rate in the 2016 US Presidential Election was done, finding that the market-implied and model-estimated probabilities moved more consistently toward the Trump outcome. Put together, this identifies a somewhat anomalous breakdown in market efficiency in the case of the Brexit vote, which we attribute to its novelty as well as a kind of political bubble and subsequent crash, generated by confirmation bias and social herding.
Cognition Map for the Visually Impaired Individuals in the Special School Type A (Case Study: SMP/SMALB A YPAB Surabaya)

Visually impaired individuals have limitations in vision to capture the information; thus, they have their uniqueness in performing cognition maps. This research is conducted to identify the cognition map by visually impaired individuals in SMP/SMALB A YPAB Surabaya. Based on initial observation, the school has not been designed according to the accessibility standard. Therefore, this research also aims to find out the elements used by visually impaired individuals in understanding their existing environmental conditions. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method by mapping the movement of the visually impaired people and the existing environmental data. The mapping is obtained by a person-centered mapping method with samples from the totally blind, low vision, and a group of blind students that moves without the help of others. Then, analysis is done on the linkage between movement patterns with existing environmental data. As a result, the cognition maps show a difference in the use of physical elements for totally blind, low vision, and group students. The totally blind and the group students primarily used a sense of touch from hands; the second is from the foot. Meanwhile, the low vision students still primarily used the sense of vision, not much with the sense of touch.
Estudio sobre la calidad percibida de los usuarios de fitness: a partir de sus características y preferencias según sexo y edad (Study on the perceived quality of fitness users: based on their characteristics and preferences according to sex and age)

To meet the needs of fitness users, it is essential to know its characteristics and your preferences in relation to services and activities. The gyms that adopt these practices are more successful and survive longer on the market. The aim of the present study was to characterize the importance that users attribute to fitness trainer, comparing it according to gender and age range. A translated, adapted and validated version of the questionnaire «Importance attributed to physical fitness (IAF)» was applied to 200 users, from 18 to 74 years old, 132 women and 68 men. Characterization were used with descriptive statistics and comparison with t test, for a significance level of 5%. The range of average response values (characterization) from 6.88 (e.g., Image) to 6.98 (e.g., Ethics), allows verifying that the importance assigned to the 25 quality indicators listed is very high [response scale: 1 (not important at all) to 7 (totally important)]. Comparisons between groups, have allowed verify that women give greater importance to the musical domain [t (84) = 2,998; p = . 004; d = . 546; moderate effect dimension] and users over 30 give more priority to dedication shown by the trainer [t (84) = -2,213; p = . 030; d = . 386; moderate effect dimension]. These data will allow the technicians to provide the services (the trainers) to design and improve their intervention considering the characteristics and preferences of the target audience, improving satisfaction and increasing loyalty.