Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflict between Non-Exclusive Groups

Abstract How is group conflict over a public-good prize affected when individuals are active members of multiple groups simultaneously? To investigate this question, I introduce a simple model of Tullock group contest: individuals are partitioned into two groups in two dimensions each, the group-level impact function is concave, and effort cost convex. The additional partition dimension does not alter the level of aggregate and individual effort. Asymmetries in group size and effort cost have non-monotonic effects on individual efforts and expected utilities. The formation of an active additional group is beneficial for its members and detrimental to outsiders. I generalise the model to an arbitrary number of symmetric groups in an arbitrary number of dimensions and briefly investigate the full positive range of the Tullock exponent. Additional group dimensions do not alter expected utilities of existing equilibria.
The Populist Appeal: Personality and Antiestablishment Communication

With the election of Donald Trump and landmark wins for populists across Europe, one of today’s most pressing questions is: Why do people support populists? We theorize that citizens who score low on the personality trait agreeableness—those who are more distrusting, cynical, and tough-minded—are more susceptible to antiestablishment messages expressed by populists. Using 13 population-based cross-sectional samples collected in eight countries and three continents, we first show that individuals who score low on agreeableness are more likely to support populists. Moreover, with a conjoint experiment, we demonstrate that it is their antiestablishment message that makes populists attractive to people who score low on agreeableness. As such, this article outlines a broader theoretical framework that links personality to political persuasion. In a time when politicians tailor their messages to the psychological makeup of their voters, it is crucial to understand the interplay between political communication and personality.
Persuading Customers to Buy Early: The Value of Personalized Information Provisioning

We study a pricing and information provisioning game between a better-informed seller (such as a retailer) and its customers. The seller is (ex post) better informed about product availability and can choose how to communicate this information to the customers. The customers are heterogeneous in their valuation for the product. The firm optimizes on publicly posted prices (which are the same for all customers) and its information provisioning (which can be personalized). Using a Bayesian persuasion framework, we find that public information provisioning, in which the firm sends the same information to all customers, has limited value. However, personalized information provisioning, in which the firm can share different information with different customers, has significant value and has attributes very similar to personalized pricing. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
Inhibiting CDK6 Activity by Quercetin Is an Attractive Strategy for Cancer Therapy

Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) is a potential drug target that plays an important role in the progression of different types of cancers. We performed in silico and in vitro screening of different natural compounds and found that quercetin has a high binding affinity for the CDK6 and inhibits its activity with an IC50 = 5.89 μM. Molecular docking and a 200 ns whole atom simulation of the CDK6-quercetin complex provide insights into the binding mechanism and stability of the complex. Binding parameters ascertained by fluorescence and isothermal titration calorimetry studies revealed a binding constant in the range of 107 M–1 of quercetin to the CDK6. Thermodynamic parameters associated with the formation of the CDK6–quercetin complex suggested an electrostatic interaction-driven process. The cell-based protein expression studies in the breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cells revealed that the treatment of quercetin decreases the expression of CDK6. Quercetin also decreases the viability and colony formation potential of selected cancer cells. Moreover, quercetin induces apoptosis, by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species and CDK6 expression. Both in silico and in vitro studies highlight the significance of quercetin for the development of anticancer leads in terms of CDK6 inhibitors.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with liver disease: Is pregnancy safe? A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background There is evidence suggesting that the pregnancy outcome may be affected by some medical conditions, such as liver diseases. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of liver disease and its outcomes in pregnant women referred to antenatal clinic in the hospital. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, all pregnant women with abnormal liver function test attending antenatal clinic affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were recruited from August 2017 to July 2018. All participants were followed-up until delivery with respect to the maternal and neonatal outcome. Results Of a total of 7,121 pregnant women recruited in the study, 110 (1.58%) women were detected with a liver disease; of these, 105 women were diagnosed with pregnancy-specific liver diseases, including HELLP syndrome (10.9%), preeclampsia (50.98%), partial HELLP (0.9%), eclampsia (0.9%), acute fatty liver (9.1%), intra-hepatic cholestasis 25 (22.7%), and 5 women the non-pregnancy-specific liver disease, including Liver transplantation (2.7%), and Autoimmune hepatitis (1.8%). Prevalence of the premature birth was 64.5% in pregnancy-specific liver disease, but no premature birth was detected in cases with liver transplantation. We found that neonatal mortality was significantly associated with neonatal prematurity (p = 0.013), IUGR (p < 0.001), placental pathology (p = 0.04), we had no maternal mortality. Conclusion Liver disease is not uncommon in pregnancy. This study demonstrated that pregnancy is safe in women with liver disease.
Risk factors and outcomes of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery in high-risk patients who underwent radical cystectomy

Abstract Radical cystectomy is considered the standard treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder tumors and has high postoperative complication rates among urological surgeries. High-risk patients, defined as those ≥45 years of age with history of coronary artery disease, stroke, or peripheral artery disease or those ≥65 years of age, can have a higher incidence of cardiac complications. Therefore, we evaluated the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) in high-risk patients who underwent radical cystectomy. This retrospective observational study analyzed 248 high-risk patients who underwent radical cystectomy. MINS was defined as serum troponin I concentration ≥0.04 mg/L within postoperative 3 days. The risk factors for MINS were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated. The 1-year survival after radical cystectomy was also compared between patients who developed MINS (MINS group) and those who did not (non-MINS group) by Kaplan–Meier analysis. MINS occurred in 35 patients (14.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that early diastolic transmitral filling velocity (E)/early diastolic septal mitral annular velocity (E’) ratio (odds ratio = 1.102, 95% confidence interval [1.009–1.203], P = .031) and large volume blood transfusion (odds ratio = 2.745, 95% confidence interval [1.131–6.664], P = .026) were significantly associated with MINS in high-risk patients who underwent radical cystectomy. Major adverse cardiac events and 1-year mortality were significantly higher in the MINS group than in the non-MINS group (17.1% vs 6.1%, P = .035; 28.6% vs 12.7%, P = .021, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significantly lower 1-year survival in the MINS group than in the non-MINS group (P = .010). MINS occurred in 14.1% of patients. High E/E’ ratio and large volume blood transfusion were risk factors for MINS in high-risk patients who underwent radical cystectomy. Postoperative major adverse cardiac events and 1-year mortality were significantly higher in the MINS group than in the non-MINS group. Preoperative evaluation of risk factors for MINS may provide useful information to detect cardiovascular complications after radical cystectomy in high-risk patients.
Testing macroscopic local realism using local nonlinear dynamics and time settings

We show how one may test macroscopic local realism where, differently from conventional Bell tests, all relevant measurements that lead to a violation of a Bell inequality need only distinguish between two macroscopically distinct states of the system being measured. Here, measurements give macroscopically distinct outcomes for some property of the system and do not resolve microscopically (of order $\ensuremath{\hbar}$). To obtain a quantifiable test, we define $N$-scopic local realism where the outcomes are separated by an amount $\ensuremath{\sim}N$. We show for $N$ up to 20 that violations of $N$-scopic local realism are predicted for entangled systems of $N$ bosons at each of two sites. We further demonstrate for arbitrarily large $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ the violation of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-scopic local realism, for entangled superpositions of coherent states with amplitudes $\ensuremath{\sim}\phantom{\rule{1.0pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\alpha}$, infinitely separated in phase space, as $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. To achieve the Bell violations, the two separated subsystems evolve dynamically according to a local nonlinear unitary interaction. The tests may be understood in two ways. First, they are macroscopic Bell tests involving spacelike separated measurement events, where the choice of measurement setting at each site corresponds to a choice between two different times of local interaction. The interaction may be seen as the unitary stage of a local measurement process. Second, the proposal is a strong version of a Leggett-Garg test of "macrorealism" that uses two trajectories, where the usual assumption of noninvasive measurability as applied to measurements at one site is replaced by that of macroscopic locality. For $N=1$, tests are feasible and give a way to demonstrate ``no classical trajectories'' without the assumption of noninvasive measurability, using instead that of locality.
The role of the media in shaping attitudes toward corporate tax avoidance in Europe: experimental evidence from Ireland

Abstract This article examines the role of the mass media in shaping attitudes toward corporate tax avoidance. Using an original and novel survey experiment of the European Union’s ruling against Apple in Ireland, we find that media frames play an important role in shaping citizens attitudes. We find that respondents exposed to treatments questioning the morality and fairness of Ireland’s facilitation of Apple tax avoidance are more likely to acknowledge the negative impact on Ireland’s EU neighbours. The more nationalistic the media frame, the more likely respondents disagree with the EU ruling against Apple. These results are largely robust to the inclusion of control variables for ideology, age, previous voting behaviour, and gender. These findings suggest that media frames are an important factor in shoring up popular support for those components of growth regimes that are politically controversial. More broadly, our findings suggest that to understand the determinants of national varieties of capitalism - or growth models - we need to examine the role of the country-specific media.
Dynapenia and physical performance in community-dwelling elderly people in Japan

ABSTRACT Aging of society has increased the incidence of physical disability. The goal of this study was to examine the physical ability of elderly people classified as having sarcopenia, presarcopenia, or dynapenia (a low muscle function without low muscle mass) in a community in Japan. The subjects were volunteers aged >60 years who were participants in a health checkup in Yakumo, Hokkaido and were in good general health. Demographic data were collected and physical performance tests were performed to measure grip strength, walking speed, back muscle strength, maximum stride length, and 3-m timed-up-and-go (3m TUG) time. A measurement of skeletal muscle mass was used as a basis for calculating the appendicular skeletal muscle index (aSMI). The rates of sarcopenia, presarcopenia, and dynapenia were 10%, 22%, and 8% in males (n=101, age 69.7±5.4 years), and 19%, 23%, and 13% in females (n=112, 68.5±5.9 years). Body mass index in subjects with dynapenia was significantly higher compared to that in subjects with sarcopenia and presarcopenia (p<0.01). Back muscle strength, maximum stride length and 3m TUG were similar in dynapenia and sarcopenia, but differed significantly with those in presarcopenia in both males and females without the influence of age (p<0.05). Further studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of dynapenia intervention programs and to explore the underlying pathophysiology of dynapenia.
Self-Reported Antidepressant Drug Side Effects, Medication Adherence, and Its Associated Factors among Patients Diagnosed with Depression at the Psychiatric Hospital of Nepal

Objective The present study is aimed at evaluating the side effects of antidepressant drugs, medication adherence (MA), and associated factors among patients diagnosed with depression at a psychiatric hospital in western Nepal. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 174 patients visiting the outpatient clinic of a psychiatric hospital. The antidepressant side effect checklist (ASEC) was used to classify the reported antidepressant drug side effects into mild, moderate, and severe types. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale was employed to assess the ADRs, and the Morisky Green Levine Adherence (MGLA) score was employed to determine the rate of medication adherence. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used, and a P value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. Results The patients were mostly female (55.74%), with a median (IQR) age of 32 (20) years. Approximately 74.13% of the patients experienced antidepressant side effects, where insomnia (17.05%) and anxiety (17.05%) were the most common. More than half of the patients (52.29%) had a low level of adherence. Females were 1.01 times more likely to be nonadherent to their antidepressant medications compared to males, adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.001 (0.31-1.63). Similarly, illiterate patients tended to be more nonadherent compared to literates, AOR: 1.342 (0. 93-2.82), and unemployed individuals were 1.5 times more likely to be nonadherent to their medications compared to employed individuals, AOR: 1.46 (1.16-4.13). Likewise, patients with severe side effects were more prone to develop nonadherence than those with moderate side effects, AOR: 1.173 (0.42-3.25). A significant association was found between the Naranjo score and medication adherence. Conclusions This study suggests that antidepressant drug side effects were more prevalent and medication adherence was extremely poor among depressive patients in psychiatric hospitals. Factors such as gender, occupation, education, side effects, and ADRs attributed to poor medication adherence in patients.
First Authorship Gender Gap in the Geosciences

Although gender parity has been reached at the graduate level in the geosciences, women remain a minority in faculty positions. First authorship of peer‐reviewed scholarship is a measure of academic success and is often used to project potential in the hiring process. Given the importance of first author publications for hiring and advancement, we sought to quantify whether women are underrepresented as first authors relative to their representation in the field of geoscience. We compiled first author names across 13 leading geoscience journals from January 2013 to April 2019 (n = 35,183). Using a database of 216,286 names from 79 countries, across 89 languages, we classified the likely gender associated with each author's given (first) name. We also estimated the gender distribution of authors who publish using only initials, which may itself be a strategy employed by some women to preempt perceived (and actual) gender bias in the publication process. Female names represent 13–30% of all first authors in our database and are substantially underrepresented relative to the proportion of women in early career positions (30–50%). The proportion of female‐name first authors varies substantially by subfield, reflecting variation in representation of women across geoscience subdisciplines. In geoscience, the quantification of this first authorship gender gap supports the hypothesis that the publication process—namely, achievement or allocation of first authorship—is biased by social factors, which may modulate career success of women in the sciences.
Using Excess 3He to Estimate Southern Ocean Upwelling Time Scales

Using a recently compiled global marine data set of dissolved helium isotopes and helium and neon concentrations, we make an estimate of the inventory of hydrothermal 3He in the Southern Ocean to be 4.9 ± 0.6 × 104 moles. Under the assumption that the bulk of the hydrothermally sourced 3He is upwelled there, we use recent estimates of the global hydrothermal 3He flux to determine an e‐folding residence time of 99 ± 18 years, depending on assumptions of water mass and upwelling boundaries. Our estimate is within the broad range of values obtained from recent Southern Ocean circulation models.
Optimizing release strategies: a stepping‐stone approach to reintroduction

Evaluation of alternative management strategies enables informed decisions to accelerate species recovery. For reintroductions, post‐release survival to reproductive age is a key parameter influencing population growth. Here, we trial a ‘stepping‐stone’ method to maximize the success of captive‐bred animals when the availability of more suitable wild‐born release candidates is limited. Our approach makes use of relatively safe and established wild populations to prepare captive‐bred individuals for eventual translocation to a final release destination, thus building resilience through establishment of multiple populations over time. We developed a novel multievent model integrating encounter history and biotelemetry data to evaluate reintroduction strategies for the critically endangered Vancouver Island marmot Marmota vancouverensis. We compared post‐release survival of 176 individuals (52 wild‐born, 47 captive‐bred marmots released directly to destinations, and 77 captive‐bred marmots released with a stepping‐stone approach). Survival estimates to prime breeding‐age (PBA), were then used to quantify expected success of potential release strategies. Our analysis indicates that post‐release survival varies by source population and release method, as well as age, season, year, and years since release. Conditional on an objective of maximizing survival to PBA, our results suggest that using wild‐born marmots for translocations as often as possible, and stepping‐stone captive‐bred marmots prior to final release, will result in the best outcomes. There was a 0.86 probability that survival to PBA was greater for captive‐bred marmots released as yearlings using a stepping‐stone approach (survival to PBA mode = 0.13, 95% CRI = 0.05–0.30) than for captive‐bred animals that were directly released to destination sites as one‐year‐olds (survival to PBA mode = 0.04, 95% CRI = 0.01–0.24). Consequently, the stepping‐stone approach yields much higher population establishment or growth potential than previous release strategies that used captive‐bred marmots. Optimizing the combination of release candidates, sites and timing can thereby increase the effectiveness of reintroductions.
Polyethylene glycol 35 ameliorates pancreatic inflammatory response in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammatory process of the pancreas that may also involve surrounding tissues and/or remote organs. Inflammation and parenchymal cell death are common pathological features of this condition and determinants of disease severity. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are non-immunogenic, non-toxic water-soluble polymers widely used in biological, chemical, clinical and pharmaceutical settings. AIM To evaluate the protective effect of a 35-kDa molecular weight PEG (PEG35) on the pancreatic damage associated to cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Wistar rats were assigned at random to a control group, a cerulein–induced AP group and a PEG35 treatment group. AP was induced by five hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg/bw), while the control animals received saline solution. PEG35 was administered intraperitoneally 10 minutes before each cerulein injection in a dose of 10 mg/kg. After AP induction, samples of pancreatic tissue and blood were collected for analysis. AR42J pancreatic acinar cells were treated with increasing concentrations of PEG35 prior to exposure with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), staurosporine or cerulein. The severity of AP was determined on the basis of plasma levels of lipase, lactate dehydrogenase activity, pancreatic edema and histological changes. To evaluate the extent of the inflammatory response, the gene expression of inflammation-associated markers was determined in the pancreas and in AR42J-treated cells. Inflammation-induced cell death was also measured in models of in vivo and in vitro pancreatic damage. RESULTS Administration of PEG35 significantly improved pancreatic damage through reduction on lipase levels and tissue edema in cerulein-induced AP rats. The increased associated inflammatory response caused by cerulein administration was attenuated by a decrease in the gene expression of inflammation-related cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme in the pancreas. In contrast, pancreatic tissue mRNA expression of interleukin 10 was markedly increased. PEG35 treatment also protected against inflammation-induced cell death by attenuating lactate dehydrogenase activity and modulating the pancreatic levels of apoptosis regulator protein BCL-2 in cerulein hyperstimulated rats. Furthermore, the activation of pro-inflammatory markers and inflammation-induced cell death in pancreatic acinar cells treated with TNFα, cerulein or staurosporine was significantly reduced by PEG35 treatment, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION PEG35 ameliorates pancreatic damage in cerulein-induced AP and AR42J-treated cells through the attenuation of the inflammatory response and associated cell death. PEG35 may be a valuable option in the management of AP.