Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bilosomes as Promising Nanovesicular Carriers for Improved Transdermal Delivery: Construction, in vitro Optimization, ex vivo Permeation and in vivo Evaluation

Purpose The goal of this research was to enhance the transdermal delivery of lornoxicam (LX), using nanovesicular carriers composed of the bile salt sodium deoxycholate (SDC), soybean phosphatidyl choline (SPC) and a permeation enhancer limonene. Methods Thin-film hydration was the technique employed for the fabrication using a Box–Behnken design with three central points. The investigated factors were SPC molar concentration, SDC amount in mg and limonene percentage (%). The studied responses were percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and in vitro drug release (after 2, 10 h). In order to obtain the optimum formula, numerical optimization by Design-Expert® software was used. Electing the optimized bilosomal formula was based on boosting %EE, ZP (as absolute value) and in vitro drug release, taking in consideration diminishing PS and PDI. Further assessment of the selected formula was achieved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), stability testing, ex vivo skin permeation and deposition. The in vivo pharmacodynamics activities of the optimized formula were examined on male rats and mice and compared to that of the oral market product. Results The optimized bilosomal formula demonstrated to be nonirritant, with noticeably enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Superior in vivo permeation was proved by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Conclusion The outcomes demonstrated that bilosomes could improve transdermal delivery of lornoxicam.
Magnetism of Fe/V and Fe/Co multilayers

We discuss in this paper the magnetic and structural parameters of Fe/V and Fe/Co multilayers. The electronic structure, magnetic moments (spin and orbital) and Curie temperatures as well as the magneto-crystalline anisotropy are calculated using first principles theory. Although theory is fairly successful in reproducing the experimental data we argue that the observed difference between theory and experiment most likely is due to lattice imperfections and that the interface between e.g. Fe and V is not perfectly sharp. We also present a model, based on the theory of elasticity, for analysing the structural properties of multilayers.
Agricultural soils as a sink to mitigate CO2 emissions

Abstract. Agricultural soils, having been depleted of much of their native carbon stocks, have a significant CO2 sink capacity. Global estimates of this sink capacity are in the order of 20‐30 Pg C over the next 50‐100 years. Management practices to build up soil C must increase the input of organic matter to soil and/or decrease soil organic matter decomposition rates. The most appropriate management practices to increase soil C vary regionally, dependent on both environmental and socioeconomic factors.
Learner-Centered Education in the Iranian EFL Context: A Glance through the Impediments

Though learner-centered paradigm of education has long been introduced to pedagogy in general and language teaching in particular, it seems that scant heed has been given to its implementation as well as the restrictions and challenges on its way. In an attempt to shed more light on the status of learner-centered instruction in Iranian language schools, particularly as regards the impediments hindering its proper application, the current researchers selected a cohort of 240 teachers and 450 students for the questionnaire phase through convenience sampling, as well as 29 male and female language school learners and 30 EFL teachers for interview. Due to its mostly qualitative nature, the study made use of data gathered via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. As the findings revealed, students referred to resource constraints and teachers’ tendency toward applying traditional practices as the two overriding barriers restricting proper LCE implementation. The other two prominent factors singled out by the findings obtained out of students’ attitudes were lack of clear definition of LCE and lack of familiarity resulting from improper training. As regards teachers’ perspectives of impediments, however, poor motivation on the part of teachers and parents’ lack of receptivity for LCE were identified as the most prominent barriers. Finally, in line with the interview findings, all three categories of teacher-induced, learner-induced, and context-relevant factors were reported to be responsible for limiting LCE implementation with variable degrees of influence. The study findings are thought to have practical implications for English language pedagogy in the Iranian context.
Oscillation Mechanics, Integer and Fractional Respiratory Modeling in COPD: Effect of Obstruction Severity

Purpose This research examines the emerging role of respiratory oscillometry associated with integer (InOr) and fractional order (FrOr) respiratory models in the context of groups of patients with increasing severity. The contributions to our understanding of the respiratory abnormalities along the course of increasing COPD severity and the diagnostic use of this method were also evaluated. Patients and Methods Forty-five individuals with no history of smoking or pulmonary diseases (control group) and 141 individuals with diagnoses of COPD were studied, being classified into 45 mild, 42 moderate, 36 severe and 18 very severe cases. Results This study has shown initially that the course of increasing COPD severity was adequately described by the model parameters. This resulted in significant and consistent correlations among these parameters and spirometric indexes. Additionally, this evaluation enhanced our understanding of the respiratory abnormalities in different COPD stages. The diagnostic accuracy analyses provided evidence that hysteresivity, obtained from FrOr modeling, allowed a highly accurate identification in patients with mild changes [area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC)= 0.902]. Similar analyses in groups of moderate and severe patients showed that peripheral resistance, derived from InOr modeling, provided the most accurate parameter (AUC=0.898 and 0.998, respectively), while in very severe patients, traditional, InOr and FrOr parameters were able to reach high diagnostic accuracy (AUC>0.9). Conclusion InOr and FrOr modeling improved our knowledge of the respiratory abnormalities along the course of increasing COPD severity. In addition, the present study provides evidence that these models may contribute in the diagnosis of COPD. Respiratory oscillometry exams require only tidal breathing and are easy to perform. Taken together, these practical considerations and the results of the present study suggest that respiratory oscillometry associated with InOr and FrOr models may help to improve lung function tests in COPD.
Institutional maintenance of e-commerce through traditional retail

Bu calisma e-ticaret firmalarinin geleneksel fiziksel magaza acma sureclerini bir kurumsal muhafaza isi olarak cozumlemektedir. Kurumsal muhafaza uzerine yapilan calismalar genellikle icsel sureclere odaklanmakta, muhafaza edilecek kurumun yerine gecme olasiligi da olan bir baska dissal kurumun etkisini gormezden gelmektedir. Bu calisma, nispeten eski bir kurum olan geleneksel perakendeciligin, nispeten yeni bir kurum olan e-ticaretin muhafazasina, musteri, calisan, tedarikci, ve firma duzeylerinde isleyen sekiz farkli surecle katkisini incelemektedir. Ilkin, geleneksel magazalar e-ticaret firmalarinin somutlasmasina yardim ederken musteriye kisisel bir deneyim sunmaktadir. Ikincisi, calisanlar icin yeni gorevler ve sorumluluklar yaratan magazalar, calisanlarin stratejik ve operasyonel kararlara katilimini da kolaylastirmaktadir. Ucuncu olarak, e-ticareti geleneksel bir gorunume kavusturan, yeni satis kanallari saglayan, ve urun yelpazesini cesitlendiren magazalarla birlikte, tedarikcilerin e-ticaret konusundaki gorece guvensizligi azalmakta ve piyasadaki gorunurlukleri artmaktadir. Son olarak, firmalar magazalar yardimiyla marka bilinirligi saglamakta ve yeni pazarlama ve satis olanaklariyla buyumeye devam etmektedirler. Dolayisiyla geleneksel perakendecilik e-ticaret firmalarinin musterileri, calisanlari ve tedarikcileriyle daha iyi iliskiler gelistirmesine yol acarak piyasadaki konumlarini guclendirirken, firmalarin taninirligina ve buyumesine de dogrudan katkida bulunmaktadir.
Isotope Effect on the Isothermal Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene Blends between the Deuterated and Hydrogenated Species

The effect of isotope on the isothermal crystallization behavior has been investigated for a series of isotactic polypropylene blend samples between the hydrogenated and deuterated species by using the thermal analysis technique. The analysis based on the Avrami equation revealed the crystallization rate constant k and Avrami exponent n, which were found to change systematically with the D/H content at the same degree of supercooling, reflecting the cocrystallization phenomenon of these two species. The k value was appreciably higher for the D species than for the H species. Correspondingly, the spherulite size, observed by polarized optical microscope and small-angle light scattering, was found to be larger for the blend with higher H content.
Association between metabolic syndrome and work: an integrative review of the literature

The aim of this study was to highlight the association between occupational aspects and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome among various occupational groups. This is an integrative review of the literature that included articles indexed in the following databases: LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, and CINAHL. We evaluated 32 articles, most of which were published in Englishlanguage medical journals and with level 4 scientific evidence. The occupational aspects most commonly reported as associated with metabolic syndrome were occupation, work shift, and occupational stress. Our results indicated that occupational aspects could negatively interfere with workers’ health; more robust longitudinal studies should contribute to further uncovering the reported associations.
DETERMINATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, COMMUNICATION, AND LEADERSHIP STYLES (A HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LITERATURE STUDY)

Previous research or relevant research is very important in a research or scientific article. Previous research or relevant research serves to strengthen the theory and phenomenon of the relationship or influence between variables. This article reviews the factors that influence organizational commitment and employee performance, namely: Perceived Organizational Support, Communication, and Leadership Style, a Human Resource Management Literature Study. The results of this research library are that: 1) Perceived Organizational support affects Organizational Commitment; 2) Communication affects Organizational Commitment; 3) Leadership Style affects Organizational Commitment.
Immunity to glycan α-Gal and possibilities for the control of COVID-19

José de la Fuente*,1,2 , Christian Gortázar1 & Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz3 1SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain 2Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA 3UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France *Author for correspondence: jose delafuente@yahoo.com
Bacterial Biofilm Components Induce an Enhanced Inflammatory Response Against Metal Wear Particles

Purpose Aseptic implant loosening is still a feared complication in the field of orthopaedics. Presumably, a chronic inflammatory response is induced by wear particles, which leads to osteoclast generation, bone degradation and hence loosening of the implant. Since it has been demonstrated in the literature that most implants are in fact colonized by bacteria, the question arises whether aseptic implant loosening is truly aseptic. The aim of this study was to investigate a possibly enhanced inflammatory response to metal wear particles in the context of subclinical infection. Patients and Methods Tissue samples were collected intra-operatively from patients undergoing implant-exchange surgery due to aseptic loosening. Histopathological analysis was performed, as well as gene expression analysis for the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-8. By a series of in vitro experiments, the effect of metal wear particles on human monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophiles and osteoblasts was investigated. Additionally, minor amounts of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and the bacterial heat shock protein GroEL were added. Results Histopathology of tissue samples revealed an accumulation of metal wear particles, as well as a cellular infiltrate consisting predominately of mononuclear cells. Furthermore, high expression of IL-8 could be detected in tissue surrounding the implant. Monocytes and osteoblasts in particular showed an increased release of IL-8 after stimulation with metal wear particles and in particular after stimulation with bacterial components and wear particles together. Conclusion We were able to show that minor amounts of bacterial components and metal wear particles together induce an enhanced inflammatory response in human monocytes and osteoblasts. This effect could significantly contribute to the generation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and hence implant-loosening.
Factors Associated with Time Spent Performing Housework/Childcare by Fathers of Children Aged Under 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with time spent performing housework/childcare by fathers of children under 12 years of age (preschool and elementary school children) in Japan. Methods: An online survey of employees and employers was conducted in 2017. Of the 7,796 total responses to the survey, those of 621 fathers of children aged 0–12 years were analyzed. Participants were divided into two groups: fathers of children aged 0–6 years, and fathers of children aged 7–12 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on the items for which there was a significant intergroup difference, setting time spent performing housework as the dependent variable and the survey items as the independent variables. Results: For fathers of children aged 0–6 years, working 40 hours or less per week and commuting for one hour or less were associated with more time spent performing housework/childcare. For fathers of children aged 7–12 years, working less than 40 hours a week, working from home more than once a week, and having spouses with full-time jobs were associated with more time spent performing housework/childcare. Conclusion: This study revealed the factors associated with the time spent by fathers of children under 12 in performing housework/childcare. As several of these factors cannot be altered by the fathers’ efforts alone, companies and society in general must endeavor to improve work styles to better suit the habits and preferences of fathers. This will promote work–life balance and create better family relationships.
Selenium Concentrations in Twenty‐Six Geological Reference Materials: New Determinations and Proposed Values

The interest in selenium concentrations in whole rocks is growing, in part because it is a useful tool for base and precious metal exploration. Selenium is often neglected in whole rock geochemistry because of the inability of most laboratories to make reliable determinations of this element. A consequence of these difficulties is a paucity of assigned or certified values for Se in international geological reference materials, so that the “best practice” proposed by Kane and Potts (2007) to obtain robust values for such reference materials cannot be followed. In order to address this problem, we have determined Se by pre‐concentration on thiol‐cotton fibre followed by INAA (Se/TCF‐INAA technique) in twenty‐six international geological reference materials, and one quality control material (KPT‐1). These values were used, in conjunction with a set of published values, to estimate Se concentrations for these twenty‐seven reference samples. Robust statistics were developed for seven of the RMs, with standard deviations equal to or less than precisions calculated using the Horwitz function and so that consensus values could be proposed. For three of the RMs, the presence of outliers gave less robust results, and suggested values are proposed. For seventeen of the RMs, only information values are provided, because either insufficient determinations were available or because large standard deviations of the data were derived.
Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin E: Nanoformulations to Enhance Bioavailability

Abstract Vitamin E belongs to the family of lipid-soluble vitamins and can be divided into two groups, tocopherols and tocotrienols, with four isomers (alpha, beta, gamma and delta). Although vitamin E is widely known as a potent antioxidant, studies have also revealed that vitamin E possesses anti-inflammatory properties. These crucial properties of vitamin E are beneficial in various aspects of health, especially in neuroprotection and cardiovascular, skin and bone health. However, the poor bioavailability of vitamin E, especially tocotrienols, remains a great limitation for clinical applications. Recently, nanoformulations that include nanovesicles, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles have shown promising outcomes in improving the efficacy and bioavailability of vitamin E. This review focuses on the pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of vitamin E and current advances in vitamin E nanoformulations for future clinical applications. The limitations and future recommendations are also discussed in this review.
Covid-19 Sonrası Yükseköğretim

Covid-19 salgininin en cok etkiledigi sektorlerden birisi, yuksekogretim oldu. Neredeyse dunyadaki tum okullar yuzyuze egitime kapatildi ve 2 milyara yakin ogrenci birdenbire zorunlu olarak cevrimici (online) egitime gecti. Salgin ulkemizin yuksekogretim sisteminin ne bu boyutta bir krize ne de etkin cevrimici egitime hazir olmadigini gosterdi. Nitelikli cevrimici egitim artik yasamimizin ayrilmaz bir parcasi olmali; bu konuda hem yoneticilere, hem de ogretim elemanlarina onemli gorevler dusuyor. Bu makalede cevrimici egitimin seviyesini yukseltme onerilerinin yani sira salginin yuksekogretim sisteminde baska neleri etkileyebilecegini de tartisarak bazi uyarilarda bulunmak istiyorum. Kanimca, bu salgin tum dunyada cagdisi kalmis olan egitim sisteminin evrilmesi icin iyi bir firsat olacak. Ve hizli adapte olabilecek universiteler (ve ulkeler) bu krizin kazananlari olacaklar.
A pandemia de COVID-19, o isolamento social, consequências na saúde mental e estratégias de enfrentamento: uma revisão integrativa

Objetivo: realizar uma análise sobre as consequências na saúde mental advindas do período de isolamento social durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e de prenunciar estratégias de enfrentamento para minimizá-las. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada a partir da busca por publicações científicas indexadas nas bases de dados: MEDLINE via PubMed, Europe PMC, Lilacs e SciELO. Os seguintes descritores foram utilizados: COVID-19, isolamento social, pandemias e saúde mental. Ao final das buscas, 49 publicações atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade e foram selecionadas para compor o estudo. Resultados: diante dos achados extraídos dos estudos selecionados, percebeu-se que os indivíduos submetidos ao isolamento social estão mais suscetíveis a apresentar transtornos de saúde mental, devido à privação e contenção social, surgindo sintomas de sofrimento psíquico, em especial, relacionado ao estresse, ansiedade e depressão. Conclusão: este estudo permitiu refletir sobre a necessidade de garantir uma comunicação clara e informativa sobre estratégias para redução desses sintomas de sofrimento psíquico, além de fornecer o suporte psicológico e social fundamental para esses indivíduos em vulnerabilidade.
ICAPM and the Accruals Anomaly

We propose new multifactor models to explain the accruals anomaly. Our baseline model represents an application of Merton’s ICAPM in which the key factors represent (innovations on) the term and small-value spreads. The model shows large explanatory power for cross-sectional risking premia associated with three accruals portfolio groups. A scaled version of the model shows better performance, suggesting that accruals risk premia are related with the business cycle. Both models compare favorably with popular multifactor models used in the literature, and also perform well in pricing other important anomalies. The risk price estimates of the hedging factors are consistent with the ICAPM framework.
A network model of freight data with spatial dependence

In this article, we analyse the origin–destination matrix arising from freight flows that occur in single-mode transport networks and compare unbiased maximum-entropy models of the corresponding networks. An original model based on earlier results allows to reconstruct a weighted network, from degree and strength sequences, taking distances into account. As an application, the properties of the European railroad freight are analysed in detail in year 2010, with a focus on spatial effects.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Safety with Respect to Seizures: A Literature Review

Abstract Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an increasingly popular FDA-approved treatment for resistant depression, migraines, and OCD. Research is also underway for its use in various other psychiatric and medical disorders. Although rare, seizures are a potential adverse event of TMS treatment. In this article, we discuss TMS-related seizures with the various coils used to deliver TMS, the risk factors associated with seizures, the differential diagnosis of its presentations, the effects of sleep deprivation and alcohol use on seizures, as well as seizure risks with protocols for traditional TMS, theta-burst stimulation, and accelerated TMS. A discussion is presented comparing the potential risk of seizures with various psychotropic medications versus TMS. Included are case reports of TMS seizures in the child/adolescent patient, bipolar disorder patients, patients with a history of a traumatic brain injury, and those with epilepsy. Reports are also shared on TMS use without seizures in patients with a history of head injuries and TMS’s continued use if patients have a seizure during their TMS treatment. Findings generated in this review suggest the following. Seizures, if present, are usually self-limiting. Most treatment recommendations for TMS-related seizures are supportive in nature. The risk of TMS-related seizures is <1% overall. TMS has successfully been used in patients with epilepsy, traumatic brain injuries, and those with a prior TMS-related seizure. The rate of TMS-related seizures is comparable to that of most psychotropic medications. While having a seizure is a rare but serious adverse effect of TMS, the benefits of treating refractory depression with TMS may outweigh the risk of suicidal ideation and other significant complications of depression.