Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Refining Immunogenicity through Intradermal Delivery of Outer Membrane Vesicles against Shigella flexneri in Mice

Shigellosis remains a global health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite improvements in sanitation, the absence of a licensed vaccine for human use has prompted global health organizations to support the development of a safe and effective multivalent vaccine that is cost-effective and accessible for limited-resource regions. Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) have emerged in recent years as an alternative to live attenuated or whole-inactivated vaccines due to their immunogenicity and self-adjuvating properties. Previous works have demonstrated the safety and protective capacity of OMVs against Shigella flexneri infection in mouse models when administered through mucosal or intradermal routes. However, some immunological properties, such as the cellular response or cross-protection among different Shigella strains, remained unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that intradermal immunization of OMVs with needle-free devices recruits a high number of immune cells in the dermis, leading to a robust cellular response marked by antigen-specific cytokine release and activation of effector CD4 T cells. Additionally, functional antibodies are generated, neutralizing various Shigella serotypes, suggesting cross-protective capacity. These findings highlight the potential of OMVs as a promising vaccine platform against shigellosis and support intradermal administration as a simple and painless vaccination strategy to address this health challenge.
Self-supervised Scale Recovery for Decoupled Visual-inertial Odometry

Accurate localization for intelligent robots remains a significant challenge, and self-supervised visual-inertial odometry (VIO) has emerged as a promising solution. However, existing self-supervised VIO works consider inertial information as the ordinary data input, losing its ability to recover absolute scales and ignoring the modality difference of acceleration and angular velocity in inertial data. In this letter, we present a novel self-supervised VIO framework that augments the odometry-related information implicit in inertial data. For the specific implementation, we propose a self-attention-based IMU network (IMUSAtt) to denoise the raw IMU data and then obtain the poses based on the denoised IMU data through an integrator. By constructing the pose consistency constraint between it and the visual-inertial fused pose, a Self-attention-based Scale Recovery (SSR) module is proposed to recover the absolute scale. Additionally, to avoid the interference of acceleration on rotation estimation, we design a Decoupled PoseNet (D-PoseNet) that employs different inputs and networks to learn rotation and translation. Odometry, scale, and depth evaluations on the KITTI odometry dataset and the Malaga dataset all reveal that our framework achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance.
Effect of Pressure on High-Temperature Oxidation of Ferritic Stainless Steels

High-temperature oxidation is a widely studied topic in the field of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells as it commonly affects the steels used in stacks and other system components. Considering the targeted lifetime of systems using this technology (> 60kh), long-term testing is required to certify material properties throughout the life cycle. The design of accelerated testing is often cited as a way to speed the development and validation of materials for these components. In this work, the effect of pressure (1 to 4 bar) at various operating temperatures (750 to 850°C) on the oxidation kinetics and electrical properties of AISI 441 steel was investigated. While oxide growth was affected by pressure at all test temperatures, electrical properties showed significant changes only at 850°C. The results were supported by theoretical calculations of the oxidation and chromium evaporation kinetics of the steel.
Asymmetric Ionospheric Jets in Jupiter's Aurora

Simultaneous infrared observations of H3+ ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ and H2 emissions from Jupiter's northern aurora using the Near Infrared Spectrograph at Keck Observatory were used to measure the ionospheric and thermospheric wind velocities. H3+ ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ ions supercorotate near the dawn auroral oval and subcorotate across the dusk sector and in the dawn polar region relative to the planetary rotation rate, broadly in agreement with past observations and models. An anticyclonic vortex is discovered in H2 flows, closely matching the mean magnetospheric subcorotation when the observed magnetospheric flows are averaged azimuthally. In comparing ion and neutral winds, we measure the line‐of‐sight effective ion drift in the neutral reference frame for the first time, revealing two blue‐shifted sunward flows of ∼2 km/s. Observed H3+ ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ and H2 emissions overlap with predictions of the Pedersen conductivity layer, suggesting two different regions of the ionosphere: (a) a deep layer, where neutral forces dominate the thermosphere and symmetric breakdown‐in‐corotation currents can close, and (b) a higher layer, where the observed effective ion drift allows dawn‐to‐dusk Pedersen currents within the upper atmosphere, in turn closing asymmetric currents within the magnetosphere. This ionospheric structure aligns well with recent Juno observations of Jupiter's aurora. The detected thermospheric vortex implies the driving of neutral flows by the momentum from the magnetosphere within the thermosphere and deeper in the atmosphere to potentially 20 mbar. Jovian neutral thermosphere might bridge the gap between current observations and modelings and perhaps be significant to the dynamics of aurora on Earth and other outer planets.
La Oferta Comercial De Turismo Activo De Naturaleza En España: Estructuración, Tendencias Recientes Y Contextualización Territorial (The Commercial Offer for Active Tourism Nature-Based in Spain: Structuring, Recent Trends and Territorial Context)

Spanish Abstract: Este trabajo pretende realizar un analisis actualizado de la situacion, problematica, evolucion reciente y desarrollo territorial de la oferta comercial del turismo activo y deportivo de naturaleza en Espana, para lo cual se ha efectuado una exploracion especifica de fuentes primarias y secundarias, y una revision bibliografica complementaria. Ademas de realizar una aproximacion teorica y conceptual de las actividades de turismo deportivo de naturaleza y su contextualizacion en el ambito de la planificacion y ordenacion turistica del pais, se estudia la estructuracion de la oferta y el tejido empresarial, sus caracteristicas fundamentales y problematica, asi como su distribucion y significacion geografica. Por ultimo, se describen las tendencias recientes de nuevos productos turisticos, o de renovacion o adaptacion a la demanda de otros mas tradicionales.English Abstract: This research tries to make an analysis of the situation, problems, recent evolution and territorial development of the commercial offer of active and sport nature-based tourism in Spain, which was performed a specific operation of primary and secondary sources and a literature review complementary. In addition to theoretical and conceptual approach of the activities of sports nature – based tourism and its contextualization in the field of tourism planning and management in the country, is studied the structure of supply and the business, its fundamental characteristics and problems and its distribution and geographical significance. And finally, described recent trends of new tourism products or renewal or adaptation to the demand for more traditional.
Analysis of Nocturnal Temperature Inversions in Meigs County, Ohio: An Appalachian Frost Hollow Case Study

WILL, JOSHUA D. , M.A., June 2006, Geography ANALYSIS OF NOCTURNAL TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS IN MEIGS COUNTY, OHIO: AN APPALACHIAN FROST HOLLOW CASE STUDY (69 pp.) Director of Thesis: Dorothy Sack Frost hollows, also known as frost pockets, are bowl-shaped depressions or valleys in which cold air tends to collect. These areas are subject to temperature inversions, where the lowest nocturnal temperatures are at the lowest locations within the frost hollow. Often, regional forecasts do not predict temperature minimums accurately in these areas. This thesis found that temperatures in a 70-meter deep Appalachian frost hollow in southeastern Ohio quickly fell at dusk and inversions were maintained until sunrise. Temperatures at the bottom of the frost hollow often surged during the nights studied. Temperatures were as much as 14o C (25o F) colder at the bottom of the frost hollow than at the top of the surrounding hills, and the first frost occurred 27 days earlier in the bottom of the frost hollow than in the surrounding region. Using step-wise regression, the atmospheric variables wind direction, regional temperature, absolute humidity, and wind speed collectively were shown to have a strong correlation with the amount of inversion, having an adjusted R of 0.682. It is hoped that the data presented here will be used in conjunction with topographic data to produce an accurate, predictive model for forecasting low temperatures in frost hollows. Dorothy Sack Professor of Geography Acknowledgments I would like to thank God for giving me the ability and knowledge to conduct this research. I would also like to thank my advisor, Dorothy Sack, who has always believed in me and my abilities. I would also like to thank her for all the work she did in helping me get this thesis prepared. Thanks to Tim Anderson and Ron Isaac for serving on my thesis committee and adding their helpful insights. Thank you to Eric Chambers, Kenneth Chaney, Daniel Will, Mike Will, and Drusilla Wysong for allowing me to conduct this research on their property. Thank you to Chris Towe for his help with the hobos and Boxcar Pro software. Thank you to Scalia Lab for allowing the use of a laptop and 20 hobos for this research. 5 Table of
Picked‐up protons near Mars: Phobos observations

The measurements carried out by the plasma spectrometer, ASPERA, onboard the PHOBOS-2 spacecraft show that protons, originating in the extended hydrogen corona of Mars, were observed at altitudes ≤7500 km. The cyclotron instability of these pickup ions appears to generate Alfven waves observed by the MAGMA magnetometer. Analysis of the plasma data shows that weak pitch-angle diffusion of a ring-distribution of pickup protons occurs. The altitude profiles of pickup proton fluxes and number densities of the parent hydrogen atoms are derived.
Cambrian Furongian Series acritarchs from the Comley area, Shropshire, England

Acritarch assemblages are reported for the first time from the Cambrian of Comley, Shropshire, England, a historically important area for British Cambrian biostratigraphy. Three assemblages are described from the Furongian Shoot Rough Road Shales. Horizons within the Shoot Rough Road Shales have in the past yielded Parabolina spinulosa and Orusia lenticularis indicative of the Parabolina spinulosa trilobite Zone. Two distinct microfloras are identified, one is characterized by the common occurrence of Trunculumarium revinium and diacrodian taxa, the other, by an absence of T. revinium and a general paucity of diacrodians but with a significant presence of Scalenadiacrodium comleyense gen. et sp. nov. The microfloras are compared with trilobite-controlled Furongian sequences in eastern Newfoundland and the Nuneaton area, England and are found to support the P. spinulosa Zone assignment for the Shoot Rough Road Shales. The microfloras are also compared with those from localities lacking direct P. spinulosa Zone trilobite control, principally the Ardennes and the East European Platform. Acritarch based recognition of the two trilobite subzones of the P. spinulosa Zone remains problematic, but independent subdivision of the zonal interval based on acritarchs is supported. A new acritarch genus Scalenadiacrodium gen. nov. and a new species S. comleyense sp. nov. are described.
Seasonal Studies on Marine algae of the Bhimili Coast, East Coast of India

Seasonal data on environmental and hydrographical parameters of surface waters at three different study sites of Bhimili Coast was studied along with occurrence and distribution of marine macro algae for a period of one year from March 2009 to February 2010. Minimum values of salinity, pH and temperature were recorded during winter months and maximum values were observed in the summer months. Turbidity of surface waters was maximum in monsoon seasons during June to August months due to the runoff of material from Gosthani River. Seasonal growth of marine macro algae at Bhimili Coast was studied by using 0.5x0. 5M quadrat. A total of 39 marine algal species were recorded in 75 quadrat samples. Maximum number of species was collected during November to February months and minimum number of species (26) was reported during July to October months.
Paleothermometry of the Sydney Basin

Evidence from overprinting of magnetizations of Late Permian and Mesozoic rocks and from the rank of Permian coals and Mesozoic phytoclasts (coal particles) suggests that surface rocks in the Sydney Basin, eastern Australia, have been raised to temperatures of the order of 200 /sup 0/C or higher. As vitrinite reflectance, an index of coal rank or coalification, is postulated to vary predictably with temperature and time, estimates of the paleotemperatures in the Sydney Basin based on observed vitrinite reflectance measurements can be made in conjunction with reasonable assumptions about the tectonic and thermal histories of the basin. These estimates give maximum paleotemperatures of present day surface rocks in the range 60--249 /sup 0/C, depending on factors such as location in the basin, the thickness of the sediment eroded, and the maximum paleogeothermal gradient. Higher coal rank and, consequently, larger eroded thicknesses and paleogeothermal gradients occur along the eastern edge of the basin and may be related to seafloor spreading in the Tasman Sea on the basin's eastern margin. A theory of thermal activation of magnetization entailing the dependence of magnetic viscosity on the size distribution of the magnetic grains is used to obtain an independent estimate of the maximum paleotemperaturesmore » in the Sydney Basin. This estimate places the maximum paleotemperature in the range 250--300 /sup 0/C along the coastal region. Both coalification and thermal activation of magnetization models provide strong evidence of elevated paleotemperatures, which in places exceed 200 /sup 0/C, and the loss of sediment thicknesses in excess of 1 km due to erosion. « less
Advancing CAR-based immunotherapies in solid tumors: CAR- macrophages and neutrophils

Macrophages and neutrophils are the main components of the innate immune system and play important roles in promoting angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, cancer cell proliferation, and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). They can also be harnessed to mediate cytotoxic tumor killing effects and orchestrate effective anti-tumor immune responses with proper stimulation and modification. Therefore, macrophages and neutrophils have strong potential in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we briefly outlined the applications of macrophages or neutrophils in adoptive cell therapies, and focused on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered macrophages (CAR-Ms) and neutrophils (CAR-Ns). We summarized the construction strategies, the preclinical and clinical studies of CAR-Ms and CAR-Ns. In the end, we briefly discussed the limitations and challenges of CAR-Ms and CAR-Ns, as well as future research directions to extend their applications in treating solid tumors.
Identification and mapping of the Amazon habitats using a mixing model

A methodology is described for identifying and mapping floodplain habitats in a reach of the Amazon mainstream. A linear mixing approach was used to determine the fraction of three pure endmembers. This method was tested for two radiometrically rectified Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes and the proportions of endmembers were used to identify the following classes: (1) clear/mixed water; (2) turbid water; (3) flooded non-forest; (4) flooded forest; (5) human settlements and (6) aquatic vegetation. The results were compared to visually interpreted Landsat TM images.
Intercultural dialogue A tool for young people to address exclusion in southern Africa

This article aims to develop understanding about how intercultural dialogue can pave the way for more inclusive societies. Four intercultural dialogues were held, one in each of the following countries: Malawi, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe. They addressed important topics such as cultural identity, gender inequality, and power imbalances in access to education or employment, with young people from diverse ethnic origins (e.g. Tonga, Shona and Ndebele). The dialogues provided participants with an opportunity to discuss the social dynamics of exclusion. In addition, they allowed for the study of the usefulness of intercultural dialogue to motivate personal transformation as a cornerstone for social justice.
Land Cover Dynamics Since the 1950s in Chemoga Watershed, Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

Abstract This study evaluated changes in land cover in the Chemoga watershed, headwater to the Blue Nile. Two sets of aerial photographs (1957 and 1982) and a multispectral Spot image (1998) were used as inputs to produce 3 GIS-based land cover maps of the area. The results show that during the last 41 years, forest cover increased at a rate of about 11 ha per annum in the 36,400-ha watershed. Woodlands and shrublands decreased between 1957 and 1982 but increased between 1982 and 1998, approximately to their previous levels. Farmland and settled areas gained from the other cover types (13% increase) in the first period but lost around 586 ha (2% decrease) in the second. Grassland and degraded land decreased, accounting for 4.8% of the total area of the watershed in 1982 and 3.5% in 1998, as against 9.6% in 1957. Riverine trees suffered the greatest destruction, shrinking by 79% over the 4 decades; much of this decline was due to cultivation. Marshlands increased in the first period and decreased in the second. A new pond emerged amid the marshlands between 1982 and 1998. Population growth and the associated demand for land and trees was the major driving force behind the changes. This study shows that the deforestation trend was reduced and even partly reversed in the area because local people planted trees as a source of fuel and income. This trend ought to be encouraged through appropriate interventions—in particular by promoting planting of local species rather than eucalyptus—to increase not only economic but also ecological benefits. Indeed, the current state of land cover and its dynamics have environmental implications at the local scale and beyond. Hence, environmental management for sustainable development requires interregional and international cooperation.
Impact of Harvest Time on the Dry Matter Content, and Nutritional Parameters Related to Forage Quality of Maralfalfa (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone, Poaceae) under Mediterranean Climate

Maralfalfa (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) is a productive fodder crop in tropical regions that has been evaluated for forage nutritional value in a Mediterranean climate. To assess the nutritional value, parameters including dry matter content (DM), ash, ether extract (EE), protein (CP), fiber contents (NDF and ADF), and the amino acids profile were determined at eight harvest times (HTs) in a non-fertilized and non-irrigated crop based in Silla (Valencia, Spain). The results showed significant differences in most of the parameters studied. While CP and ash significantly decreased over the eight HTs, NDF and ADF increased. In contrast, EE and the ratio of essential amino acids/total amino acids remained constant. Values of CP remained higher than 15% during the first two HTs (16 and 28 days). According to the analyses performed, the optimum HT can be stated at 28 days as it combines high levels of CP (including an optimal combination of essential amino acids) with low levels of fibers (NDF = 57.13%; ADF = 34.76%) and a considerable amount of dry matter (15.40%). Among the essential amino acids (EA) determined, lysine and histidine showed similar values (Lys ≈ 6%, His ≈ 1.70%) when comparing the composition of these EA to other forage species and cultivars studied, whereas methionine showed lower values. This work establishes the basis for the appropriate HT of maralfalfa according to the nutritional parameters measured. Further studies could be aimed to optimize the nutritional and phytogenic properties of maralfalfa to improve its value as a fodder crop, and to finally introduce it for sustainable livestock production in Mediterranean countries.
I don’t understand how I feel: mediating role of impaired self-mentalizing in the relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis spectrum experiences

Introduction Childhood adversity is associated with the severity of multiple dimensions of psychosis, but the mechanisms underpinning the close link between the two constructs is unclear. Mentalization may underlie this relationship, as impaired mentalizing is found in various stages of the psychosis continuum. Nonetheless, the differential roles of self- and other-mentalizing in psychosis are not well understood. Methods Parallel multiple mediation was conducted for the relationship between a diverse range of childhood adversity types, including intentional and nonintentional harm, and schizotypy (positive, negative, disorganized), psychotic-like experiences (PLE) and paranoia via self-mentalizing (attention to emotions and emotional clarity) and other-mentalizing in n = 1,156 nonclinically ascertained young adults. Results Significant parallel multiple mediation models were found for all psychotic outcomes except negative schizotypy. The associations between intentionally harmful childhood adversity and psychotic outcomes were significantly mediated by increased attention to emotions for most models and decreased emotional clarity for some models. No significant mediation was found for parental loss. Paternal abuse was only mediated by attention to emotions whereas the effects of maternal abuse were mediated by attention to emotions and emotional clarity. Other-mentalizing only showed mediating effects on one of thirty models tested. Conclusion Results highlight the mediating role of impaired self-mentalizing in the association between childhood adversity and psychosis. This is consistent with disturbances of self-concept and self-boundary characterizing, in particular, the positive dimension of psychosis. Maternal versus paternal figures may contribute differentially to the development of mentalizing. These results could inform future preventative interventions, focusing on the development and maintenance of self-mentalizing.
Information Embedding With Stegotext Reconstruction

In this paper, we consider stegotext reconstruction problem in information embedding. By adding the requirement of restoring the stegotext under certain fidelity criterion, we generalize the concept of reversible/irreversible information embedding. We focus on the stegotext reconstruction in a discrete memoryless host dependent attack channel, which can be regarded as a generalized Gel’fand-Pinsker problem with an input reconstruction constraint. For this problem, we prove an upper bound and a lower bound on its embedding capacity-distortion function, which is defined to describe the tradeoff between embedding information rate, host composition loss, and stegotext reconstruction distortion. In particular, our upper and lower bounds thus obtained match each other for the binary XOR attack channel with Hamming distortion and Costa’s additive Gaussian attack channel with quadratic loss. We further consider a variant of this problem, where host signal is available at the encoder in a causal way. For this case, we completely characterize its capacity-distortion function.