Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pain and Specimen Quality by Use of a Novel 25-Gauge Blood Collection Set With Ultra-Thin Wall Cannula and 5-Bevel Tip Design.

BACKGROUND Phlebotomy has significant impact on overall patient satisfaction. Smaller gauge needles, such as a 25 gauge, may lessen patient discomfort but increase hemolysis and tube-filling times. Our studies evaluated the effect of a 5-bevel, 25-gauge blood collection set (BCS) with ultra-thin wall cannula [BD Vacutainer® UltraTouch™ Push Button BCS (UltraTouch)] on patient pain and anxiety compared with two 3-bevel, thin-wall, 23-gauge BCSs [BD Vacutainer® Safety-Lok™ (Safety-Lok) and Greiner Bio-One Vacuette® (Vacuette)]. Our studies also evaluated the 25-gauge UltraTouch for sample quality and tube filling compared with the 3-bevel, thin-wall, 23-gauge BD Vacutainer Push Button BCS. METHODS We conducted 2 studies with 214 subjects to compare pain and anxiety regarding future phlebotomy with the 3 aforementioned devices. Another study with 52 subjects assessed hemolysis in specimens collected with the UltraTouch and Push Button BCS; bench testing evaluated tube-filling times with these devices. A questionnaire captured pain upon needle insertion, overall pain, and anxiety regarding future phlebotomy. Hemolysis was evaluated visually, by Hemolysis Index and hemolysis-sensitive indicators potassium (K) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). RESULTS A statistically significant decrease was noted for overall pain with UltraTouch compared with Vacuette and with insertion pain compared with Safety-Lok. There was no significant difference in anxiety regarding future phlebotomy. No increase was observed in Hemolysis Index, K or LDH. Tube-filling times were comparable for each device. CONCLUSIONS The 25-gauge UltraTouch provided less overall pain compared with the 23-gauge Vacuette, less pain upon needle insertion than the 23-gauge Safety-Lok, and no compromise in specimen quality or flow rate.
THE EFFECT OF BODY WEIGHT AND LITTER SIZE ON SOME PRODUCTIVE PARAMETERSAND MILK COMPONENTS OF SHEEP UNDER SEMI – INTENSIVE BREEDING

In the current study, 28 Awassi ewes (2-3 aged) years aged were used with their lambs for 12 weeks, to evaluate the effect of ewes body weight (BW) and Litter size (LS) on Body weight BW, Body gain (BG) of lambs, Milk yield (MY) and milk components of ewes. After lambing, ewes were weighted directly. Ewes distributed to 4 groups depending on it's body weight, the groups were: 1 st and 2 nd groups: ewes with high body weight and single lambing (HS), and twin lambing (HT) respectively, 3 rd and 4 th groups: ewes with low body weight and single lambing LS, and twin lambing LT respectively. The results showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in BW and BG in HS lambs groups compared with LT lambs most weeks of study. MY was higher significantly (p≤0.05) in Heavy ewes group that have twin lambs at most weeks of study, milk fat% recorded a significant increase in milk fat% in Heavy ewes group with single lamb. In conclusion, single lambs born and reared by heavy ewes were became heavier at the end of lactation period (at weaning), also ewes with twin lambs regardless if it was heavy or light will have more milk yield.
Second Order Melnikov Functions of Piecewise Hamiltonian Systems

In this paper, we consider the general perturbations of piecewise Hamiltonian systems. A formula for the second order Melnikov functions is derived when the first order Melnikov functions vanish. As an application, we can improve an upper bound of the number of bifurcated limit cycles of a piecewise Hamiltonian system with quadratic polynomial perturbations.
A comparison of teaching materials (school textbooks vs authentic materials) from the perspective of English teachers and educational supervisors in Saudi Arabia

This article is an original contribution to knowledge in that it explores English teachers’ and educational supervisors’ attitudes to using school textbooks and authentic materials in Saudi boys’ schools. Specifically, it aims to determine the preferred teaching materials (either textbooks or authentic materials which are not usually recommended in the current textbooks (or which are additional to the contents of the current textbooks) from the participants’ points of view. A mixed-research approach -- quantitative and qualitative -- was used to investigate the favoured teaching materials, while the contrastive research approach allowed both types to be evaluated. The results showed that the participants had positive attitudes to using authentic materials and that most teachers preferred them to school textbooks. The study contributes to the debate over how best to teach English as a Foreign Language, and concludes with the recommendation that school textbooks should include authentic materials in order to improve learners’ communicative competence.
Correlation between Cancer Breast Subtypes and Age at Presentation in Egyptian Patients; Single Institution Experience

Background: Breast cancer is defined according to molecular subtypes. Each molecular subtype defines different disease behavior and requires different treatment. The different molecular subtypes have different risk factors and different distribution across age classes. Aim of the study: To detect the incidence of cancer breast subtypes by age among Egyptian patients treated at the Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, in the period between April 2016 and December 2018. Patients and Methods: Inclusion criteria: Cases with proven pathological diagnosis and underwent IHC studies for the molecular subtype while exclusion criteria were: Bilateral cases, cases with unknown molecular subtype or age at presentation, cases with multiple primaries, cases with in situ cancer, male breast cancer cases, and cases diagnosed during pregnancy. Age classes were computed in four groups: from 20 - 35, >35 - 50, >50 - 65 and those older than 65 years of age. Immunohistochemical studies were done; ER, PR and HER2 were recorded for each case, Molecular subtypes were defined as follows: HR+/HER2-, HR+/HER2+, HER2 overexpressed (HER2 positive, HR-) and Triple Negative Breast Cancer; TNBC (HER2 negative, ER negative and PR negative). Results: one thousand and two cases were included in the study. The median age was 51 years and the mean age was 51.64 ± 11.74, with range from 24 to 85 years. The total number of ER positive patients was 706 patients (70.5%), the total number of PR positive patients was 667 (66.6%), and the total number of Her2 positive patients was 286 patients (28.5%). While there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of ER and PR positivity among all age classes, Her2 over expression decreased with age and the difference was statistically significant (P-value: 0.012). Her2 overexpression subtype incidence decreased by age and it was highest in the younger age group 17.6% compared to 8.2% in the older age group and the difference was statistically significant. Similarly, HR+/HER2- tumors incidence were higher in patients older than 65 (57.4%) and lower in the younger age group (40.5%) (P-value: 0.031). Triple negative tumors incidence ranged from 14.9% for those younger than 35 to 17.2% for those older than 65 years. Conclusion: This study shows that there are significant differences in the age distribution by molecular subtype and the incidence of Her2 overexpression subtype decreases by age. The study also shows that the nature of the breast cancer in the group of Egyptian patients studied is more of the favorable hormonal positive subtype.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Magnetic Signatures of Small‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances,as Observed by Swarm

Based on Swarm satellite data from 2015 through 2018, we present the mean characteristics of magnetic field fluctuations at midlatitudes and low latitudes. It is the first comprehensive study focusing on small‐scale variations (<10 km). Events are observed on about 35% of the orbits. The highest occurrence rates are detected after sunset, in the East Asian/Australian sector, and during months around June solstice. Low occurrence rates are found at low magnetic latitudes (below ±10° quasi‐dipole latitude), in the region of the South Atlantic Anomaly, and during equinox seasons. All these occurrence features compare well with those of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances. We therefore term our small‐scale events small‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (SSTIDs). SSTIDs exhibit high field‐aligned current (FAC) densities connected to narrow current sheets with meridional width of typically 4 km. The intense FACs of several μA/m2 flow typically between the hemispheres. Return currents are distributed over larger scales and thus have smaller amplitudes. Peak current densities get larger toward lower latitudes. There are two groups of events, around morning‐noontime and evening‐night, which are separated by demarcation lines near 04 and 15 magnetic local time. The magnetic amplitudes of the small‐scale fluctuations are larger in sunlight than in darkness, indicating larger total currents in the loops. But the FAC peak current densities are larger in darkness, inferring a stronger squeezing of the current sheet under low‐conductivity conditions. We suggest that our SSTIDs are an evolutional state of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances.
Urban womens autonomy and natural fertility in the Sahel region of Africa.

The proximate determinants of fertility in 1983 and 1984 were examined among a sample of women from Boho-Dioulasso Burkina Faso (80 women) and Bamako Mali (80 women) divided equally between the age group 30 years with a child the same age (25-27 months old). The aim was to examine womens status their perceptions of and aspiration about fertility and family life their role as mothers and gender relations. Data were obtained from a panel survey on infant and child mortality known as EMIS that was initiated in 1981 with follow-ups every 24 months. The main ethnic group the Mossi and the other indigenous group the Bobo were equally interviewed in Bobo-Dioulasso. In Bamako the main group is the Bambara who were primarily interviewed with some additional representation among smaller ethnic groups. The discussion focused first on the priority determinants: the system of nuptiality womens age at marriage large age differences between the spouses and polygyny. The discussion continued with consideration of abstinence breast feeding and contraception (the ABC complex). The findings indicated that there was a very low age at marriage for women and social toleration of unwanted pregnancies before marriage. Marriage for women meant the shift from the authority of parents to the authority of spouses determined by the father of the bride. The preferred age at marriage among the Mossi was about 17 years but 15 and 19 years were acceptable. In Bamako women reported a desire for their daughters to marry at age 15 years and not later than 17 years. Age was not easily determined and fixed by age at marriage the age of spouses or age at first menstruation. In Bamako spousal age differences averaged 12.1 years and 62% of husbands were a minimum of 10 years older. Marriage for women becomes a separation from maternal kin and is the opportunity for motherhood. Young women have choices between school or marriage each with its drawbacks. Polgyny is common in both cities. In the original survey 48% were in polygynous unions; in this sample there were 60 out of 160 in polygynous unions. Polygyny as practiced has only one option for gaining status: reproduction. Polygyny does confer also some freedom because of the mixed households. Women may be free women when the union forms are nontraditional.
Validation of the AJCC 8th edition prognostic stage in breast cancer.

e23186Background: The 8th edition of the AJCC staging manual introduced a prognostic stage incorporating biologic factors. The goal this study was to validate the prognostic stage in a single institution cohort and large population database. Methods: Patients were identified in a prospective institutional database and the California Cancer Registry (CCR). Factors included were T, N, m stage, grade, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 status. Survival was calculated by Kaplan Meier method. Harrell’s concordance index (C index) was used to quantify models’ predictive performance, and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to compare model fits. Results: A total of 3,327 Stage I-IIIC breast cancer patients treated 2007-2013 at a single institution with complete clinicopathologic data were identified. Compared to the anatomic stage, the prognostic stage upstaged 29.5% of patients and downstaged 28.1%. Median follow up was 5 yrs. The prognostic staging system’s C index (0.84) and AIC (816.8) reflect .
Comparison of analgesic efficacy of levobupivacaine, levobupivacaine and clonidine, and levobupivacaine and dexmedetomidine in wound infiltration technique for abdominal surgeries: A prospective randomized controlled study

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of levobupivacaine (L) alone and its combination with clonidine (C) or dexmedetomidine (D) in wound infiltration technique for abdominal surgeries. Materials and Methods: After ethical committee approval, a double-blind randomized controlled study was conducted on 90 patients (power of study 80%), physical status American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I and II, aged 18–60 years scheduled for abdominal surgeries over 1 year duration. A standard general anesthetic technique was used. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups, by computer-generated random number table. Patients received wound infiltration during wound closure. Group L received 29 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine plus 1 ml 0.9% normal saline, Group LC received 29 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine with 1 ml (3 mcg/kg) clonidine, and Group LD received 29 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine with 1 ml (2 mcg/kg) dexmedetomidine. Postoperative rescue analgesia was provided with injection tramadol. Statistical analysis for duration of analgesia was determined by one-way analysis of variance and side effects by Chi-square test. Results: The total duration of analgesia in LD group was 23.4 h, when compared to LC group 20.9 h and L group 11.65 h (P = 0.0001) with excellent to good quality of analgesia in adjuvant group (P < 0.001) and incidence of minimal side effects such as sedation, nausea, and vomiting. Conclusion: Clonidine and dexmedetomidine were the effective adjuvants to levobupivacaine for single shot wound infiltration analgesic technique; however, dexmedetomidine was found to be superior to clonidine.
Beyond the numbers: understanding how a diversity mentoring program welcomes students into a scientific community

Programs designed to broaden participation in science are often deemed “successful” based on quantitative evidence such as student participation rates, retention, and persistence. These numbers alone only explain that a program met its goals; they seldom critically explain how, specifically, the program achieved its success. To address this gap, we studied students’ perspectives about and experiences with the Ecological Society of America’s award-winning education and diversity mentoring program, Strategies for Ecology Education, Diversity and Sustainability (SEEDS). The persistence rate in ecology by SEEDS participants is three times greater than the national average, but the numbers alone do not explain the program’s impact. We explored the reasons why this program has been so successful by gathering qualitative data as direct evidence explaining how SEEDS influenced participants’ decisions to study science and pursue science careers, and the resulting integration into a scientific community. We coded openended survey responses from SEEDS alumni against a social influence theoretical framework that proposes three dominant processes that predict students’ integration into a scientific community: scientific selfefficacy, scientific identity, and shared values with the scientific community. We not only found emergent evidence for all three processes, but we also gained a deeper understanding of how—in participants’ own words—SEEDS achieves its success. Specifically, SEEDS successfully welcomes students into a science community by (1) providing both breadth and depth of programming that offers flexible, multilayered approaches to developing self-efficacy to fit the needs of diverse students, (2) enabling participants to integrate a science identity into other preexisting identities, and (3) implementing programming that intentionally helps participants to consciously connect their values with those of their communities.
Where Have All the Children Gone? An Empirical Study of Child Abandonment and Abduction in China

In the past 40 years, a large number of children have been abandoned or abducted in China. We argue that the implementation of the one-child policy has significantly increased both child abandonment and child abduction and that, furthermore, the cultural preference for sons in China has shaped unique gender-based patterns whereby a majority of the children who are abandoned are girls and a majority of the children who are abducted are boys. We provide empirical evidence for the following findings: (1) Stricter one-child policy implementation leads to more child abandonment locally and more child abduction in neighboring regions; (2) A stronger son-preference bias in a given region intensifies both the local effects and spatial spillover effects of the region's one-child policy on child abandonment and abduction; and (3) With the gradual relaxation of the one-child policy after 2002, both child abandonment and child abduction have dropped significantly. This paper is the first to provide empirical evidence on the unintended consequences of the one-child policy in terms of child trafficking in China.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI (APD) DENGAN KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN APD PADA PERAWAT DI PUSKESMAS KUOK

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a device used by workers for their own safety from potential hazards and work accidents that can be done at work. The impact if not using PPE is a work accident. Based on 2016 World Health Organization data covering 35 million health workers, 3 million were exposed to blood pathogens (2 million were exposed to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), 0.9 million were exposed to the HBC virus and 170,000 were exposed to the HIV / AIDS virus. using personal protective equipment in the work area of the Kuok Health Center in 2018. This type of research is analytic with cross sectional design.The population in this study is the population in this study is a nurse study at the Kuok Health Center involving 49 people needed with total sampling. there is a relationship of knowledge by using PPE with a p value of 0.003. It is expected that respondents will increase knowledge about the use of PPE when working and obediently use
Chemical studies of Commiphora terebinthina and Pycnostachys abyssinica occurring in Ethiopia

In the course of this study the resins of Commiphora terebinthina and the roots of Pycnostachys abyssinica were collected from Konso and Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia, respectively. The essential oil of the resin of Commiphora terebinthina was isolated by hydro distillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Identification of the constituents of the essential oil was performed by matching GC/MS of each constituent with Wiley, NIST and user generated mass spectral libraries. The main components identified from the oil of C. terebinthina were: geraniol (24%), aromadendrene (2l %), α-copaene (15%), α-humulene (3.2%) and α-cadinol (7.4%). The resins were also subjected to extraction by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol, sequentially resulting in the isolation of α-humulene, α-cadinol and T-cadinol using chromatographic techniques. The phytochemical screening of the petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts from the root of Pycnostachys abyssinica revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, steroids and acidic compounds using the standard procedure. Chromatographic separation of the chloroform extract resulted in the isolation of β-sitosterol. Characterization of the isolated compounds was performed using the spectroscopic techniques Uv-Vis, IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and DEPT-135 and comparison with previously reported literature.
Cross Sectional Study of Laryngeal Pathology in Dysphonic Patients

Objectives: To determine the frequency of laryngeal pathology in dysphonic patients and the relationship of patient variables with voice disorders. Background: Voice has been termed disordered when the production of one or more of its perceptual aspects (pitch, loudness, quality and resonance) are audibly dissimilar to those of people of the same sex, age and culture. An alternative definition is that voice is disordered when it no longer meets the requirements previously attained by the individual speaker. Patients and Methods: The study included 169 patients who consulted with dysphonia at the ear, nose and throat department of Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital from June 2010 to June 2011. Laryngeal examination was done with indirect mirror laryngoscopy, flexible fiberoptic endoscopy and direct laryngoscopy. Results: Twenty three laryngeal pathologies were reported under 5 main categories of voice problems which were: inflammatory, structural, neoplastic, neuromuscular and psychogenic dysphonia. Pathologies were significantly more common in males (53.3%) than females (46.7%). Inflammatory organic voice disorders were most frequently diagnosed (56.8%). Vocally demanding occupation accounted for (75.3%). Professional voice users accounted for (10.1%) of the workforce population, with teachers (65%) as main category. Conclusions: The inflammatory organic voice disorders were the most common cause of voice disorders. Significant association was found between age, vocally demanding occupations, smoking and alcohol. Professional voice users represent almost one tenth of the studied group. Teachers being the main subgroup with organic voice disorder as the main cause for their dysphonia.
Determinants of university employee intrapreneurial behavior: The case of Latvian universities

As the ongoing evolution in the higher education sector changes the roles of universities, entrepreneurial practices become more prominent in their agendas. The literature on academic entrepreneurship focuses predominantly on the commercialization of research and less on other intrapreneurial activities—namely those performed by non-academic employees. To fill this gap, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence universities’ faculty members and non-academic staff to engage in intrapreneurial activities. The article analyzes Latvian university employees’ perceptions of 13 organizational, individual, and environmental factors and how they influence intrapreneurial behavior. Regarding the organizational factors, the results show that higher trust in managers, more available resources for innovative ideas, less formal rules and procedures, and greater freedom in decision-making can lead to higher levels of intrapreneurial behavior. With regard to individual factors, intrapreneurial behavior is associated with an employee’s initiative, but is not correlated with risk-taking and personal initiative. As to external factors, while environmental munificence is positively correlated with innovativeness, dynamism and unfavorable change influence employees’ engagement in intrapreneurial activities.