Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New constraints on the current stress field and seismic velocity structure of the eastern Yilgarn Craton from mechanisms of local earthquakes

The Yilgarn Craton has hosted some of the largest earthquakes within the Australian continent in the last 100 years. Earthquakes have mainly been studied in the western part of the craton, and are thought to result from the reactivation of Precambrian structures in an E–W compressive regional stress field imposed by plate-scale processes. Here we present moment tensor solutions for three recent moderate-sized earthquakes around the town of Kalgoorlie that are inconsistent with E–W compression, but instead suggest E–W extension in the eastern Yilgarn Craton. Waveforms of earthquakes at Boulder (MW = 4.0, 20 April 2010), Kalgoorlie (MW = 4.3, 26 February 2014) and Coolgardie (MW = 3.9, 31 October 2014) were inverted for moment tensors. All three earthquakes were shallow (centroid depth ≤4 km) normal-faulting events that occurred along roughly N–S-striking planes, either with a steep westward or a relatively shallow eastward dip. The robustness of the retrieved mechanisms has been thoroughly tested, employing different earth models, assuming different locations for the earthquakes and using different period bands for the inversion. The fit of synthetic long-period waveforms to the observations was in all cases substantially improved by assuming a two-layered crust with high S wavespeeds (about 3.9–4 km/s) overlying substantially slower material. Since there is independent evidence from active source profiles for a P velocity increase between the upper and lower crust, a large difference in vp/vs ratio between upper and lower crust is the only way to explain both lines of evidence. This vertical contrast could represent a dominance of felsic material in the upper crust, and substantially more mafic material in the lower crust. Taken together, our results also appear to imply that the regional stress field is E–W extensive in the Kalgoorlie area, and possibly for the entire Kalgoorlie Terrane. This is contrary to current assumptions from continent-scale stress modelling. That the orientations of rupture planes roughly align with the regional structural grain could indicate that Archean structures are reactivated in response to the current stress field.
Correlation between the Liquefaction Strengths of Saturated Sands Obtained by In-Situ Freezing Method and Rotary-Type Triple Tube Method.

ABSTRACT The undisturbed sand samples were obtained using both the in-situ freezing method (FS sample) and the rotary-type triple tube sampling method (TS sample) from four sites. The liquefaction strength of these samples was determined by conducting undrained cyclic triaxial tests. The liquefaction strength and the relative density of these samples were compared. Test results were also discussed with other researchers using the data presented from the point of view of sample disturbance during sampling. The following conclusions were made: (1) In the case of natural sand deposits, the liquefaction strength of the TS samples was about the same or lower than that of the FS samples. For artificial fill of loose sand, however, the liquefaction strength of the TS samples was higher than that of the FS samples. (2) In some cases, for the natural medium dense sand, the liquefaction strength of the TS samples was much lower than that of the FS samples even though both samples have almost the same relative density. This result means that, factors other than the relative density, such as changes in the micro-fabric during sampling and/or the effects of aging on the extent of sample disturbance should be considered. (3) In the case of natural sand deposits, a strong correlation was seen between the liquefaction strength ratio (ratio of liquefaction strength between FS sample and TS sample) and the SPT AZ-value normalized by an effective overburden pressure of 98 kPa(= 1 kgf/cm2), N1, such that the liquefaction strength ratio increases with increases in N1.
Inter-relationship of morpho-economic traits in a set of maize inbred lines under deficit moisture condition

A set of 35 maize inbreds were evaluated in the field to study association analysis of agro-economic component traits with grain yield. At both genotypic and phenotypic level, cob diameter, kernel rows/cob followed by number of kernels/row, total number of grains/plant, cob length and 100-grain weight revealed strong significant positive association with grain yield/ha. Cob length and cob diameter showed significant positive inter-relationship and both these component traits also maintained strong positive correlation with number of kernel rows/cob, number of kernels/row and total number of grains/plant. Information of such correlated response would certainly help the selection process much easier for genetic improvement of grain yield in maize. However, days to silking (DS) and anthesis-silking interval (ASI) exhibited strong negative association with grain yield indicating delay in silking and that even after anthesis would decrease grain yield in maize.
Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management The Economic Impacts of Dirty Bomb Attacks on the Los Angeles and Long Beach Ports : Applying the Supply-Driven NIEMO ( National Interstate Economic Model )

As homeland security policy makers seek to funnel scarce resources to the most vulnerable areas, geographic impact studies have become ever more crucial since the events of September 11, 2001. In the sense that the Los Angeles and Long Beach ports are among the largest in the world, service interruptions there would have nation-wide economic impacts. Because foreign and domestic imports are in greater volumes than exports, the interruption of imports should be examined with a supply-side MRIO-type model. Hence, a new supply-side National Interstate Economic Model (NIEMO) yields extra information with important political implications – in addition to the previously estimated demand-side results – because both simulations show that terrorist attacks in one state have significant economic impacts in other states. Especially in the U.S. Senate where political power is evenly distributed among the states, the supply-side and demand-side results could help garner nationwide support for prevention measures in specific places, often distant from the states where the measures are taken.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Image Classification with the Fisher Vector : Theory and Practice

A standard approach to describe an image for classification and retrieval purposes is to extract a set of local patch descriptors, encode them into a high dimensional vector and pool them into an image-level signature. The most common patch encoding strategy consists in quantizing the local descriptors into a finite set of prototypical elements. This leads to the popular Bag-of-Visual words (BoV) representation. In this work, we propose to use the Fisher Kernel framework as an alternative patch encoding strategy: we describe patches by their deviation from an “universal” generative Gaussian mixture model. This representation, which we call Fisher Vector (FV) has many advantages: it is efficient to compute, it leads to excellent results even with efficient linear classifiers, and it can be compressed with a minimal loss of accuracy using product quantization. We report experimental results on five standard datasets – PASCAL VOC 2007, Caltech 256, SUN 397, ILSVRC 2010 and ImageNet10K – with up to 9M images and 10K classes, showing that the FV framework is a state-of-the-art patch encoding technique. Jorge Sánchez CIEM-CONICET, FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentine E-mail: jsanchez@famaf.unc. edu.ar Florent Perronnin Xerox Research Centre Europe, 6 chemin de Maupertuis, 38240 Meylan, France E-mail: florent.perronnin@xrce.xerox. com Thomas Mensink Inteligent Systems Lab Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands E-mail: thomas.mensink@uva.nl Jakob Verbeek LEAR Team, INRIA Grenoble, 655 Avenue de l’Europe, 38330 Montbonnot, France E-mail: jakob.verbeek@inria.fr
Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors through a BaTiO3/polydopamine Cover Layer

To fabricate multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) that can withstand external impacts, technologies to achieve excellent adhesion and mechanical strength of the cover layer should be essentially developed. Low adhesion and strength of the cover layer can lead to delamination and cracks in the MLCC, respectively. In this study, we present a method for applying polydopamine (PDA), a mussel-inspired adhesive protein, for as robust cover layer on an MLCC. Barium titanate (BT) particles treated with PDA increase the dispersion stability of the BT/PDA slurry, preventing re-agglomeration of the particles and enhancing the adhesiveness and strength owing to the cohesive properties of PDA. Compared to the BT layer, the adhesion of the BT/PDA layer was significantly enhanced by 217%; consequently, the compression modulus of the BT/PDA cover layer increased by 29.4%. After firing, the N-doped graphitic PDA played an important role in producing an MLCC cover layer with increased hardness and toughness. Furthermore, the N-doped graphitic PDA with a hydrophobic surface forms tortuous moisture paths in the cover layer, preventing the degradation of insulation resistance of the MLCC.
Remote sensing, a tool for reindeer range land management

Abstract The Finnish reindeer-herding area lies in the northern boreal forest zone. The herding area is divided into 57 reindeer management districts with a total area of 114,355 km2 (excluding water areas). The official number of reindeer in the year 1992 was 263,789, or 2.3 reindeer per square kilometre. In 1946 the density was only about one reindeer per square kilometre. The increased pressure on the mid-winter lichen pastures has reduced the volume of lichen. Also the decreased area of old coniferous forests with arboreal lichens has diminished the supply of food during the late-winter months. The lack of suitable winter pastures has led to the need for supplementary feeding with hay. The intention of this study was to develop and test methods for cost-effective reindeer range land inventory and to assess the present state of pastures in seven districts. Use was made of Landsat 5 TM satellite imagery that was processed with remote sensing and GIS software. The analysis of well-known field sites proved the image classification to be between 80 and 90% accurate. By comparing field data and classification results, estimates can be made on the available fodder reserves in the different pasture types. The results show that mid-winter pastures are both scarce and degraded in six of the seven areas investigated. Only one area (Muotkatunturi) has mid-winter pastures in reasonably good condition. Late-winter pastures with arboreal lichens are more widespread than mid-winter pastures and determine the amount of additional winter feeding required. Summer pastures are abundant in all seven reindeer-herding districts and are therefore not a limiting factor. The method used is objective, inexpensive, and fast when compared to conventional methods. Information can be produced on the quantity and quality of reindeer pastures. This knowledge can be used to make better estimates of the natural grazing capacity of reindeer districts in Finland.
Central Asian Republics: Forms of International Integration and the Impact of the Crisis of 2008

This paper analyses the changing forms of international economic integration in Central Asia Republics (CARs) of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan from their emergence as independent states at the time of the break-up of the Soviet Union to the world financial crisis of 2008. The analysis demonstrates some substantial differences in forms of international integration which follow from different starting conditions and transition strategies. Countries that emphasised fuel exports (Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan) saw rising GDP alongside a narrowing of their economic bases, losing much that was inherited from the past. In the case of Kazakhstan, natural-resource endowment also lent credibility to domestic financial groups operating in the liberal environment allowing them to benefit from international liquidity and finance their operations through borrowing abroad. Kyrgyzstan followed most closely the neo-liberal path, but the outcome was a similar loss of the established economic base and descent into dependence and peripherality. Uzbekistan followed a path of state-supervised transformation, using the established base to prevent rapid peripheralisation. The implications of the financial crisis of 2008 reflected the differences in international integration. However, striking though some differences may be, the analysis also shows similarities in that the CARs remain peripheral economies largely excluded from, let alone able to move up the hierarchies within, international production networks.
The impact of ash dieback on ash regenerationin the forest reserve Dalby Söderskog

Ash dieback is affecting European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) throughout its distribution area, threatening economical forests and associated biodiversity. Studying regeneration is important to foresee the future development of ash. Dalby Soderskog forest reserve in Sweden was selected as a case study to investigate the impact of ash dieback on ash regeneration. Regeneration was sampled in 74 permanent sample plots recording two height classes (<1.3 m and ≥1.3 m, until 10 cm DBH) and five damage classes (healthy, browsed, slightly affected, severely affected, dead). Compared to studies in plantations or managed forests, the regeneration in Dalby natural forest is less damaged (20% of total regeneration, 50% of regeneration ≥1.3 m). The share of healthy small ash (<1.3 m) seems very high (77%), compared to only 5% for taller regeneration (≥1.3 m) indicating a reduced infection pressure for small ash. Canopy cover and damage class are significantly correlated (Chi- Square-Test) and can be described by a log-linear regression model for regeneration ≥1.3 m: An increase in canopy cover percentage results in decreasing density of severely affected ash regeneration. A low correlation coefficient and a low R2 (0.15) suggest more influencing factors on damage to ash regeneration. Further research is needed to understand and predict the effects of ash dieback. In Dalby forest, ash will most likely not persist as a major species with only 400 stems ha-1 of healthy regeneration (≥1.3 m until 9 cm DBH) despite the comparably low damage.
Monument and Architecture in Shaping Bangladeshi National Identity

Defining a national identity is a complex and arduous process. It carries with it complex processes including understanding history and common myth, culture, ethnic affiliation, territoriality, constitution and legislature , which when combined stands outs uniquely from others. Architecture can also emerge as an emblem that symbolises identity of a nation representing these similar factors. As Vale states that the symbol of national identity, whether architectural or not in general is derived from assumed blood ties, race, language, situated landscape, religion and custom (Vale, 1992). Moreover Lang (1987) states architecture is the carrier of symbolic messages about ones nationality. Gordon and Osborne argues that monuments are vehicles in symbolic expression of national values and identities (Gordon, Osborne, 2004). This paper articulates that uniqueness of Bangladeshi Nationality or identity, hinging on five prime dimensions of Guibernau’s theory i.e. psychological , cultural , historical , territorial , and political. These will be reinterpreted as Independent mind-set, language, religion, landscape of Bengal Delta and Constitution of Bangladesh through Monuments and Architecture. These corresponding built forms selected from selected architecture and monuments which has special meaning in regard to historic, cultural, political landscape of contemporary Bangladesh could also be represented in corresponding built forms (Jatio Smriti Shoudho represents Independent Mindset, Shahed Minar represents Language, Sultanate Architecture of Bengal represents Islamic Antecedent, Rural Hut represent The Landscape of Bengal Delta, Sangsad Bhaban represents Constitution of Bangladesh) that will help shape the formation of Bangladeshi Nationality of today. *Bayezid Ismail Choudhury, PhD student, Faculty of Architecture, University of Sydney, Email: bcho0140@usyd.edu. au *Dr Peter Armstrong, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Architecture, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia Email:peter.armstrong@sydney.edu. au Tel +61 2 9351 3857 Armstrong, P, Choudhury, B GBER Vol.8. No.3. pp 45-67 46 The richness and commonalities shared with India, Pakistan and Bangladesh both visible and intangible form give rise to questions of each unique attributes of each nationality, which otherwise would remain obscure and unobtrusive. The combination of language, religion, and landscape of Bengal delta, constitution as well as with corresponding emblematic forms as argued in this paper will be the defining factors that attribute to Bangladeshi uniqueness in the region.
Indoor lighting conditions and inter individual light preferences: effects on subjective alertness,physical wellbeing and electrical energy consumption

The worldwide need to lower energy consumption from electrical lighting has also challenged discussions of new lighting requirements at work places. Since electrical lighting requirements vary not only across climate zones and building related variables but also between individuals, it is difficult to define a ‘golden standard’ for humans, especially with regards to non-visual light effects. To further investigate this topic we chose extreme morning and evening types as ‘natural models’ to monitor lighting preference under their different habitual work hour’s schedules. So far, 26 subjects completed the study in a controlled experimental office environment. All subjects underwent three different lighting conditions: 1) dim light (<5 lx), and 2) bright light (1000 lx). In the third condition, subjects were asked to choose their preferred illuminance and light source (including daylight). We monitored electrical energy consumption from lighting, as well as subjective alertness and physical wellbeing from questionnaires across 16 hours. Preliminary results showed significantly lower illuminance and electrical energy consumption under selfselected lighting conditions than under constant bright lighting. Subjective sleepiness increased and physical wellbeing dropped in the course of the study. These changes occurred earlier in morning than evening types, and were earlier during self-selected lighting conditions than under constant bright light. Both chronotypes showed no difference in energy consumption from electrical lighting in both conditions. Our preliminary results suggest that inter-individual aspects of light requirements could be integrated when designing lighting at work spaces, without draw backs from electrical energy consumption.
Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis for humeral shaft fractures: a systematic review

: Background: Fractures of the humeral shaft comprise 1% to 3% of all fractures. Incidence rates increase during the third and seventh decades. Aim: systematic review of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for humeral shaft fractures in comparison to other methods of operative treatment. Methods: conducted according to the methods described in the Cochrane Handbook and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines statement. A search of three electronic medical databases was performed: Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify relevant trials until August 2017. Results: 198 patients had MIPO technique resulting in 7 non-united fractures representing 3.5 %, 102 patients had IMN resulting in 9 non-united fractures representing 8.8% and 80 patients had ORPF resulting in 4 non-united fractures representing 5 %. Iatrogenic radial nerve palsy incidence with the MIPO technique was 3.5%. It was 8.7 %, 4.9% with ORPF and IMN respectively. The incidence of post-operative infection was 2 % in MIPO technique while it was 3.8 % and 6.9 % in ORPF and IMN respectively. No significant difference between MIPO technique and ORPF in the functional outcome of the shoulder. MIPO technique had a better shoulder functional outcome than IMN. Conclusion: Humeral shaft fractures could be effectively treated with the MIPO technique due to shorter fracture union time and lower incidence of nonunion, iatrogenic radial nerve palsies
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of nicotine in rat brain: a simultaneous investigation of nicotine metabolites and the release of neurotransmitters in vivo

Introduction: The body’s ability to metabolize nicotine and the disposition of nicotine in the brain are important determinants of its exposure. Limited knowledge about the near real-time changes of neurochemicals during the brain nicotine metabolic process hinders the recognition of its multiple neuropharmacological effects. Methods: An online microdialysis coupled with UHPLC-HRMS/MS method for the in vivo multi-analysis of nicotine metabolites and several neurotransmitters in rat brain was developed. Whether the systemic modulation of metabolic enzyme CYP2B would modulate nicotine pharmacokinetics and local neurochemical effects was further investigated. Results: The dynamic profiles of over 10 nicotine metabolites and neurotransmitters were simultaneously obtained after a single injection of nicotine (2 mg·kg−1, i.p.) using the new method. Proadifen pretreatment (50 mg·kg−1·d−1, i.p., 4 days) caused significant inhibition of brain CYP2B1 activity. When exposed to nicotine, the brain C max of nicotine was 1.26 times higher and the levels of nicotine metabolites, nornicotine, and nicotine-N-oxide, were decreased by 85.3% and 34.4% in proadifen-pretreated rats. The higher level of brain nicotine induced a greater release of dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and γ-amino-butyric acid in the nucleus accumbens. The concentrations of nicotine and dopamine were positively correlated, and the average levels of γ-amino-butyric acid and serotonin were 2.7 and 1.2 times higher, respectively, under the inhibition of nicotine metabolism. Discussion: These results demonstrated that inhibiting nicotine metabolism in rats can enhance the residence of brain nicotine and its local neurotransmitter effects. The metabolic activity of nicotine under different physiological conditions could regulate nicotine’s bioavailability and its resulting pharmacology.
Migration of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in the New Amarambalam Reserve Forest of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

844 Manuscript received 8 March 2002 Accepted for publication 13 June 2002 Abstract Migration of five species of butterflies viz., Appias albina darada C. & R. Felder, A. wardii Moore, A. indra shiva Swinhoe, Cepora nadina remba Moore and Graphium sarpedon teredon Felder were recorded during February 2000 in the New Amarambalam Reserve Forest located at an elevation of 650m in the Kerala part of Western Ghats, India. The orientation of flight was from north-east to south-west, along the banks of the river Karimpuzha, and the groups comprised of about 77% of males giving a male to female ratio of 3.4 : 1. The most abundant migratory species were Appias albina darada (53.55%) and A. indra shiva (37.16%) followed by Graphium sarpedon teredon (4.92%), A. wardii (2.73%) and Cepora nadina remba (1.64%). The peak hours of flight was between 1200hr and 1300hr when as many as 160 butterflies/minute were recorded. Mud-puddling behaviour was also observed among the females of A. albina darada.