Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thin(g)king Outside of the Box: How Person-Thing Orientation Affects Categorization Processes

Person-thing orientation (PTO) describes how interests in people (person orientation; PO) and things (thing orientation; TO) motivate behavior. These orientations have been shown to be predictive of important outcomes, but little is known about how these orientations work as motivational systems for behavior. The current paper explored whether different levels of PO and TO among participants affect individual categorizations of stimuli as “person-like” or “thing-like. ” Participants (N = 170) were asked to rate how person-like and thing-like they perceived 100 individual stimulus items to be, and their PO and TO scores were measured. I hypothesized that TO would predict higher ratings of stimuli as thing-like, especially when PO levels were lower, and that PO would predict higher ratings of stimuli as person-like, especially when TO levels were lower. I predicted that this pattern of results would be stronger among stimuli categorized as ambiguous than among stimuli categorized as an unambiguous person or thing. The findings did not support the main hypotheses. Instead, the person category stimuli showed the hypothesized pattern of results. Among these stimuli, PO predicted person ratings and TO predicted thing ratings (but in the negative direction). The results and implications of these findings were discussed.
Interaction Effects of Pedestrian Behavior, Smartphone Distraction and External Communication of Automated Vehicles on Crossing and Gaze Behavior

External communication of automated vehicles is proposed to replace driver-pedestrian communication in ambiguous crossing situations. So far, research has focused on simpler scenarios with one attentive pedestrian and one automated vehicle. This virtual reality study (N=115) investigates a more complex scenario with other crossing pedestrians, a distracting task on the smartphone, and external communication by the automated vehicle. Interaction effects were found for crossing duration, gaze behavior, and subjective measures. For attentive pedestrians, the external communication resulted in shorter crossing durations, higher perceived safety, as well as lower perceived criticality, cognitive workload, and effort. These positive effects were not found when pedestrians were distracted. Instead, distracted pedestrians benefited from other crossing pedestrians because they looked less at the stopping vehicle, felt safer, perceived the situation as less critical, and reported lower cognitive workload and effort. Pedestrians initiated crossings earlier with a group or external communication and later with a smartphone.
VC Participation and Failure of Startups: Evidence from P2p Lending Platforms in China

Abstract We investigate how VC participation affects the failure of startups. Using a unique dataset of the survival of peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms in China, we identify two types of failures, bankruptcy, and run off with investors’ money. The Competing Risk Model results show that while VC participation reduces bankruptcy hazard, it has little impact on the runoff failures. The findings are robust to the use of matched subsamples that disentangle the influence of pre-investment screening by VC. Further analysis of exit routes reveals that conditional on failure, VC participation is associated with a higher chance of running for the exit.
Field tests of an improved sediment tracer including non‐intrusive measurement of burial depth

Radio‐frequency identification (RFID) transponders are now widely used to track sediment in a variety of environments. A recent innovation placed the transponder inside of a rotating inner mechanism that is designed to minimize missed detections due to burial and shielding or ‘signal collision’ effects between tracers, while also allowing a rapid measurement of the burial depth of the particle. Here we test a developed protocol for burial depth measurement and deploy the ‘Wobblestone’ tracers in the field for the first time. Results show that new tracers can be reliably positioned in the horizontal plane (median error ± 0.03 m) and that the burial depth can be accurately measured (~0.02 m maximum error). The field study was characterized by high mobility and travel lengths, and ~20% of the tracers were buried at depths up to 0.15 m. A comparison of exponential distributions for travel length of surface deposited and buried tracers indicate that the buried tracers on average traveled farther and earlier in the flood event. Tracers that did not move were also buried at one site as a result of sediment transport from upstream. Overall the technique has great potential for characterizing vertical mixing and understanding this rarely considered control on sediment transport. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are drug targets with genetic support twice as likely to be approved? Revised estimates of the impact of genetic support for drug mechanisms on the probability of drug approval

Despite strong vetting for disease activity, only 10% of candidate new molecular entities in early stage clinical trials are eventually approved. Analyzing historical pipeline data, Nelson et al. 2015 (Nat. Genet.) concluded pipeline drug targets with human genetic evidence of disease association are twice as likely to lead to approved drugs. Taking advantage of recent clinical development advances and rapid growth in GWAS datasets, we extend the original work using updated data, test whether genetic evidence predicts future successes and introduce statistical models adjusting for target and indication-level properties. Our work confirms drugs with genetically supported targets were more likely to be successful in Phases II and III. When causal genes are clear (Mendelian traits and GWAS associations linked to coding variants), we find the use of human genetic evidence increases approval from Phase I by greater than two-fold, and, for Mendelian associations, the positive association holds prospectively. Our findings suggest investments into genomics and genetics are likely to be beneficial to companies deploying this strategy.
Cardioprotective Potential of Zinc and Vitamin E Against Isoprenaline-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Albino Rats by Targeting Autophagy: A Histological and Biochemical Study

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. It is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Zinc (Zn) and vitamin E (VE) are known to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Aim of the work: Evaluate the cardioprotective potential of Zn, VE and their combination against isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Forty rats divided into five groups; I (control), II (ISO group): rats were injected subcutaneously (SC) with ISO (100 mg/kg) on the 20th and 21st days at interval of 24 h. Groups III (Zn group), IV (VE group) and V (ZE group): rats received respectively daily Zn (30 mg/kg), VE (100 mg/kg) or combination of both orally for 21 days and injected with ISO as group II. On the 22nd day, electrocardiography, biochemical and histological studies were done. Myocardial sections were subjected to HE deterioration of cardiac function with elevated cardiac enzymes, MDA, TNF-α and mTOR, in addition to reduced SOD, IL-10 and AMPK. Myocardial sections showed disturbed architecture with marked inflammatory infiltration and significantly increased caspase-3 and decreased beclin 1 immunoexpression. Groups III and IV revealed decreased cardiac enzymes, MDA, TNF-α and mTOR, in addition to elevated SOD, IL-10 and AMPK. Myocardial sections showed nearly normal histology with significantly decreased caspase-3 and increased beclin 1 immunoexpression. Group V presented the most protection with results significant to both groups III and IV.Conclusion: Combined Zn and VE pretreatment proved to have protective effect against ISO-induced MI more than using either of them alone regarding the electrocardiography, biochemical and histological parameters and this was through targeting autophagy and modulating its AMPK-mTOR pathway.
Microbiological Characteristics and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Patients with Nosocomial Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Escherichia coli: A Multicenter Study

Abstract Escherichia coli is a prevalent causative pathogen of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). In this retrospective study, we investigated the microbiological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli clinical isolates obtained from liver cirrhosis patients suffering from nosocomial SBP. Our results showed that extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli accounted for 47% of the cases, while 62% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. ESBL-producing and MDR isolates showed high incidences of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, but they displayed susceptibility to carbapenems, β-lactamase inhibitors, and aminoglycosides. Importantly, liver cirrhosis patients with MDR E. coli SBP showed a significantly higher death rate than patients with non-MDR infections (P = 0.021). The 30-day mortality of nosocomial SBP was independently correlated with female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 5.200, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.194–22.642], liver failure (OR = 9.609, 95% CI = 1.914–48.225), hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 8.176, 95% CI = 2.065–32.364), hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 8.176, 95% CI = 2.065–32.364), model of end-stage liver disease score (OR = 1.191, 95% CI = 1.053–1.346), white blood cell count (OR = 0.847, 95% CI = 0.737–0.973), and ascites polymorphonuclear (OR = 95.903, 95% CI = 3.410–2697.356). In conclusion, third-generation cephalosporins may be inappropriate for empiric treatment of nosocomial SBP caused by E. coli, due to the widespread presence of ESBLs and high incidence of MDR pathogens.
Spray solution pH and soybean injury as influenced by synthetic auxin formulation and spray additives

Abstract Use of synthetic auxin herbicides has increased across the midwestern United States after adoption of synthetic auxin-resistant soybean traits, in addition to extensive use of these herbicides in corn. Off-target movement of synthetic auxin herbicides such as dicamba can lead to severe injury to sensitive plants nearby. Previous research has documented effects of glyphosate on spray-solution pH and volatility of several dicamba formulations, but our understanding of the relationships between glyphosate and dicamba formulations commonly used in corn and for 2,4-D remains limited. The objectives of this research were to (1) investigate the roles of synthetic auxin herbicide formulation, glyphosate, and spray additives on spray solution pH; (2) assess the impact of synthetic auxin herbicide rate on solution pH; and (3) assess the influence of glyphosate and application time of year on dicamba and 2,4-D volatility using soybean as bioindicators in low-tunnel field volatility experiments. Addition of glyphosate to a synthetic auxin herbicide decreased solution pH below 5.0 for four of the seven herbicides tested (range of initial pH of water source, 7.45–7.70). Solution pH of most treatments was lower at a higher application rate (4× the labeled POST rate) than the 1× rate. Among all treatment factors, inclusion of glyphosate was the most important affecting spray solution pH; however, the addition of glyphosate did not influence area under the injury over distance stairs (P = 0.366) in low-tunnel field volatility experiments. Greater soybean injury in field experiments was associated with high air temperatures (maximum, >29 C) and low wind speeds (mean, 0.3–1.5 m s–1) during the 48 h after treatment application. The two dicamba formulations (diglycolamine with VaporGrip® and sodium salts) resulted in similar levels of soybean injury for applications that occurred later in the growing season. Greater soybean injury was observed after dicamba than after 2,4-D treatments. Nomenclature: 2,4-D; dicamba; glyphosate; corn; Zea mays L. ; soybean; Glycine max L. Merr.
Plant growth and calcium and potassium accumulation in lettuce under different nitrogen regimes of ammonium and nitrate nutrition

Abstract Effects of varying the ammonium:nitrate ratios in nutrient solutions and effects of calcium carbonate buffering on plant mass and accumulation of potassium and calcium were studied with two lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars, Two Star and Red Deer Tongue, in a greenhouse hydroponics experiment. The supply of ammonium-N ranged from 0% to 100% of the total nitrogen in the nutrient solution at 0.015 M total N supplied as nitrate and ammonium. Proportions of ammonium-N greater than 50% of total N nutrition severely curtailed growth and calcium and potassium accumulation for both cultivars. Growth and composition of the two cultivars did not differ in response to nitrogen nutrition. The acidity of the nutrient solution increased as the proportion of ammonium increased. Application of calcium carbonate buffering improved growth in solutions containing ammonium, but plants did not attain the amount of growth and nutrient accumulation achieved with solely nitrate nutrition.
A Survey of Wound Care Practices by Nurses in a Clinical Setting

Background: Nurse practitioners play a vital role in wound care and management because of the prevalence of wounds in the community and hospital setting. Aims and objectives: The purpose was to identify current knowledge and practices of nurses with respect to wound management. Method: A qualitative descriptive research was designed, nineteen nurses in wound care wards in Bingham University teaching hospital were recruited into this study. This was achieved with the aid of a self-administered questionnaire for a two-week period. Results: Three groups of nurses responded to this survey (73.7% males; 31.6% aged 31-40 years). Registered nurses dominated (68.4%), majority of them worked in male ward (36.8%) and private ward (36.8%). Almost on full-time (94.7%), more than half were diploma holders (57.9%) with 1 to 5 years of experience (47.4%). Majority (84.2%) were involved in wound treatment and management, there were significant association between years of experience and wound classification, wound treatment, treatment failure and treatment failure factors. Conclusion: Wound care practices require accurate knowledge and assessment skills, a better understanding of wound management provides comprehensible, rapid patient wound care and minimizes patient mortality as well as reduces health services financial costs.
Peer Victimization and Anxiety in Youth: A Moderated Mediation of Peer Perceptions and Social Self-Efficacy

The central objective of the study was to investigate a moderated mediation model addressing social cognitive mechanisms that account for the association between peer victimization and anxiety. A sample of 81 youth (M age = 12.78, SD = 0.88) completed questionnaires assessing peer victimization, anxiety, social self-efficacy, and peer perceptions. Reports of peer victimization were associated with anxiety symptoms. Moreover, social self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between peer victimization and anxiety. Lastly, the perception of school peers moderated the mediation process between peer victimization and anxiety via social self-efficacy. These findings suggest that social contextual variables (e.g., peer victimization and perception of school peers) and negative self-evaluations (e.g., social self-efficacy) are risk factors for anxiety symptom severity in youth. Limitations and practical implications were discussed.
HDA6-dependent histone deacetylation regulates mRNA polyadenylation in Arabidopsis

Eukaryotic histone deacetylation, critical for maintaining nucleosome structure and regulating gene expression, is mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Although nucleosomes have been reported to regulate mRNA polyadenylation in humans, the role of HDACs in regulating polyadenylation has not been uncovered. Taking advantage of phenotypic studies on Arabidopsis, HDA6 (one of HDACs) was found to be a critical part of many biological processes. Here, we report that HDA6 affects mRNA polyadenylation in Arabidopsis. Poly(A) sites of up-regulated transcripts are closer to the histone acetylation peaks in hda6 compared to the wild-type Col-0. HDA6 is required for the deacetylation of histones around DNA on nucleosomes, which solely coincides with up-regulated or uniquely presented poly(A) sites in hda6. Furthermore, defective HDA6 results in an overrepresentation of the canonical poly(A) signal (AAUAAA) usage. Chromatin loci for generating AAUAAA-type transcripts have a comparatively low H3K9K14ac around poly(A) sites when compared to other noncanonical poly(A) signal–containing transcripts. These results indicate that HDA6 regulates polyadenylation in a histone deacetylation–dependent manner in Arabidopsis.
Systematic violations of patients’ rights and safety: forced medication of a cohort of 30 patients in Alaska

ABSTRACT Background Psychiatric patients’ human rights are often violated when forced treatment orders are issued. Methods We assessed the records for 30 consecutive petitions for mental health commitment in which an involuntary medication order was requested, from Anchorage, Alaska. Results In 29 cases, the commitment petition was granted. The forced medication order was granted in 27 of the 30 cases. In 26 cases, in violation of previous Supreme Court rulings, the patients’ desires, fears, wishes and experiences were ignored even when the patients were afraid that the neuroleptics might kill them or when they had experienced serious harms such as tardive dyskinesia. The ethical and legal imperative of offering a less intrusive treatment was also ignored. Benzodiazepines were not offered. Psychotherapy was not offered or mentioned in 15 cases. The providers claimed, contrary to the evidence, that psychotherapy does not work. Dicussion The legal procedures can best be characterized as a sham, in which the patients are defenseless. The power imbalance and abuse were extreme, and several of the psychiatrists who argued for forced treatment obtained court orders for administering drugs and dosages that were dangerous. We suggest forced medication be abandoned.
Chelation activity and protective effect of Caulerpa lentillifera aqueous extract against lead acetate-induced toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats

Dzulsuhaimi Daud1,2*, Ahmad Nazrin Zainal2, Muhammad Naqib Nordin2, Alene Tawang3, Asmida Ismail2 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, 35400 Perak, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
Genetic analisys of cytochrome oxidase sub unit 1 gene fragment from Cirrhilabrus cf. ryukyuensis (Labridae) from Cenderawasih Bay and Raja Ampat

Cirrhilabrus cf. ryukyuensis from Cenderawasih Bay and Raja Ampat have different colormorphs with Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis. This study was conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship, evolution and genetic diversity of Cirrhilabrus cf. ryukyuensis based on Cytochrome oxidase sub unit 1 (COI) gene. Mitochondrial DNA extracted by using chelex 10%. FISH-BCH and BCL primers were used to amplify COI gene fragment and sequencing. Data analysis conducted by using software Sequencher 4.1 and MEGA 5. COI genes from six samples of C. cf rykyuensis from Cenderawasih Bay and Raja Ampat have total 613 base pairs. The average compositions of nucleotides are T 32.8%, C 26.3%, A 23.2% and G 17.7%. There is six positions of polymorphism that caused by transition. Conversion of nucleotides to amino acid sequence resulted in 204 amino acid with the same sequence. The phylogenetic tree from six sample showed that all in one clade, but different clade from Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura from GenBankAbstrakCirrhilabrus cf. ryukyuensis asal Teluk Cenderawasih dan Raja Ampat secara morfologi memiliki perbedaan warna dengan Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan hubungan filogenetik, evolusi, dan keragaman genetik Cirrhilabrus cf. ryukyuensis berdasarkan gen Sitokrom Oksidase sub Unit I (COI). Genom DNA mitokondria diekstrak menggunakan larutan chelex 10%. Primer FISH-BCH dan BCL digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi fragmen Gen COI dan sekuensing. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Sequencher 4.1 dan MEGA 5. Gen COI dari enam sampel C. cf. rykyuensis asal Teluk Cenderawasih dan Raja Ampat, memiliki panjang basa men-capai 613 bp. Komposisi rata-rata nukleotida T 32,8%, C 26,3%, A 23,2% dan G 17,7%. Terdapat enam posisi poli-morfisme yang kesemuanya disebabkan oleh mutasi transition. Hasil penerjemahan nukleotida, diperoleh asam amino dengan panjang 204 asam amino dengan urutan yang sama. Pohon filogenetik menunjukkan keenam sampel berada dalam satu clade yang sama dan berbeda dari clade Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura data Gene Bank.
Distinct Spinal V2a and V0d Microcircuits Distribute Locomotor Control in Larval Zebrafish

Spinal interneurons coordinate adjustments in the rhythm and pattern of locomotor movements. Two prevailing models predict that interneurons either share or hierarchically distribute control of these key parameters. Here, we have tested each model in the coordination of swimming in larval zebrafish by circumferential excitatory V2a and commissural inhibitory V0d interneurons. We define two types of V2a neuron based on morphology, electrophysiology and connectivity. Type I V2as primarily propagate and amplify rhythmic signals biased to interneurons, while type II V2as primarily segregate and expedite patterning signals biased to motor neurons. Distributed control arises by differences in the likelihood of connections within types and the relative weights of connections between them, but not by a strict anatomical hierarchy. Heterogeneity among V0d neurons supports a similar functional distinction. Our findings provide a hybrid conceptual framework to better understand the origins of rhythm and pattern control in the spinal cord.
Random walks in urban graphs: A minimal model of movement

A framework for calculating a weighted random walk on an urban street segment network is described, and tested as a predictor of pedestrian and vehicle movement in London and the wider region. This paper has three aims. First, it proposes the simplest possible model of agency in that individuals have neither memory, goals nor knowledge of the network beyond street segments immediately visible at an intersection. Second, it attempts to reconcile two divergent approaches to urban analysis, graph centrality measures and agent simulation, by demonstrating properties of topological graphs emerge from the lowest level agent behaviour. Third, it aims for far faster computation of relevant features such as the foreground street network and prediction of movement than currently exists. The results show that the idealised random walk predicts observed movement as well as the best existing centrality measures, is several orders of magnitude faster to calculate, and may help to explain movement without perfect knowledge of the map, by demonstrating the street network is structured such that long range information on optimal paths correlates with geometrical features locally visible at each intersection.