Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fruit Set and Berry Weight of Four Rabbiteye Blueberry Cultivars Following Exposure to Sub-Freezing Temperatures During Flowering

Two spring freezes in Griffin, Georgia during the flowering period in 2008 provided an opportunity to monitor freeze-damage effects on fruit set and fruit weight of four rabbiteye blueberry cultivars under field conditions. Minimum temperatures of −4.2 and −3.5°C occurred on March 9 and March 25, respectively. The estimated dates of 50% open flowers for the cultivars were: Climax, March 23; Alapaha, March 30; Tifblue, April 2, and Ochlockonee, April 10. Initial visual damage estimates (i.e., corolla browning) 3 to 4 days following the last freeze suggested nearly a total crop loss for ‘Climax’ and ‘Alapaha’, and moderate to severe crop loss for ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Ochlockonee’. However, more quantitative estimates of fruit set after counting several thousand flowers and fruit for each cultivar revealed different results than initially anticipated. ‘Climax’ and ‘Tifblue’ did suffer great reductions in fruit set, averaging <8% fruit remaining 6 to 8 weeks after flowering. However, ‘Alapaha’ managed to maintain fruit set of more than 36%, and ‘Ochlockonee’ fruit set was greater than 50%. There were no apparent effects of the freeze on remaining fruit weights. These data indicate that there are differences in fruit set of rabbiteye cultivars following spring freezes during flowering. Hence, growers may want to consider the more cold hardy cultivars in their planting operations if their growing areas are subject to freezes in early to mid-spring.
Uso de espécies da flora na comunidade rural Santo Antônio, BR-163, amazônia brasileira

In this study, we aimed to assess the use of plants by residents of the Santo Antonio Community, located in the Rural Settlements Moju I and II, BR 163 highway, in the Brazilian Amazon. Fifty-five ethnospecies were found: 67.3% native and 58.2% arboreal. The species diversity indices (H') were as follows: 2.83 for exotic species, 3.44 for native species, and 3.77 for the grouping. In connection with the logged forest surrounding the community area, 18% of native species were common to both samples (SO = 0.18), concluding that the SP represents a "local pharmacy" and provides 51.4% of the native species used in the community. Ethnobotany can support future forest management activities, mainly regarding the criterion for choice of species, except those with non-timber potential. This methodology creates a participatory model of forest use whose considerations go beyond the timber market.
Morphology and Phylogeny of Four Marine Scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora), with Descriptions of Two New Species: Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. and Uronema orientalis spec. nov.

The morphology and infraciliature of four marine scuticociliates, Pleuronema elegans spec. nov., P. setigerum Calkins, 1902, P. grolierei Wang et al., 2008 and Uronema orientalis spec. nov., collected from China seas, were investigated through live observation and protargol staining methods. Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. can be recognized by the combination of the following characters: size in vivo 90–115 × 45–60 µm, slender oval in outline with a distinctly pointed posterior end; about 10 prolonged caudal cilia; consistently two preoral kineties and 18 or 19 somatic kineties; membranelle 2a double-rowed with its posterior end straight; membranelle 3 three-rowed; one macronucleus; marine habitat. Uronema orientalis spec. nov. is distinguished by the following features: in vivo about 40–55 × 20–30 μm with a truncated apical plate; consistently twenty somatic kineties; membranelle 1 single-rowed and divided into two parts which comprise four and three basal bodies respectively; contractile vacuole pore positioned at the end of the second somatic kinety; marine habitat. We also provide improved diagnoses for P. grolierei Wang et al., 2008 and P. setigerum Calkins, 1902 based on current and previous reports. The small subunit rRNA gene of U. orientalis, P. elegans, P. grolierei and P. puytoraci were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Uronema and Pleuronema are not monophyletic.
Revision of Cyanidium caldarium. Three species of acidophilic algae

Abstract The authors carry out a systematic revision of three unicellular eucaryotic algae, often living in mixed population in thermal acidic environment. Such algae were often confused under the binomium Cyanidium caldarium. The authors state that the following specific binomia are to be attributed to the three algae: Galdieria sulphuraria (Galdieri) Merola comb. nova; Cyanidium caldarium Geitler non (Tilden) Geitler emend. ; Cyanidioschyzon merolae De Luca, Taddei & Varano. The family Galdieriaceae is instituted for the first of these algae, whereas the other two algae are included in the family Cyanidiaceae Geitler emend. The class Cyanidiophyceae Merola, a new class of the Rhodophyta, is instituted for these two families.
Association of various types of epi-bacteria with Halicryptus spinulosus (Priapulida)

The priapulid worm Halicryptus spinulosus von Siebold, from a sulfide-rich braclush water habitat, is associated with various types of epibacteria. TEM observations reveal bacteria morphologically similar to Thiobacillus and Leucothrix/Thiothrix. The Thiobacillus-type is the dominant organism; it occurs in microcolonies throughout the bacterial layer and frequently contains carboxysomes, which are indicative of chemoautotrophic activity. Analyses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, X-ray microanalysis, and the ratio of stable 13C/"C and ' 5 ~ / ' 4 ~ isotopes do not indicate a participation of chemoautotrophic bacteria in the nutrition of the worm. It is concluded that the epibacteria might be able to detoxify the hydrogen sulflde to some degree, provided oxygen or nitrate is available, and that the worms must rely on their own metabolism of hydrogen sulfide detoxification whenever their environment becomes anoxic.
HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY, AND PREDICTED SYNTHETICS FROM A DIALLEL CROSS IN SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

Heterosis occurred for the eight plant and seed characters studied. It was most frequent for yield of seed and height of plant. Mean squares for general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were significant (P =.01) for all characters. The estimated components for gca were greater than for sca for days to mature, weight per bushel, and percent oil in the seed; less for height and yield of seed; and essentially the same for days to bloom, diameter of head, and weight per 1000 seeds.The yield of seed and percent oil in the seed, for the highest ranking 100 synthetics that could be composed from the 10 lines, was predicted in F6 assuming 50 and 60% outcrossing between F2 and F6. Virtually all values exceeded the mean performance of four check samples of commercial hybrids. Many exceeded the highest rank check for oil content in the seed. Fourteen of the highest ranking 100 synthetics for yield and 30 for oil content consisted of two or three lines. It was concluded that synthetics can.
Variability in Physico-chemical Properties and Nutrient Composition of Newly Released Ricebean and Fababean Cultivars

Abstract Legumes are important constituents of predominantly vegetarian diet of populations of subtropical and tropical areas. Some of the non-conventional legumes like fababean and ricebean are early maturers, resistant to yellow mosaic virus infection and can withstand high water tables and soil salinity. The high-yielding varieties of fababean (VH-82-1) and ricebean (RB-32) were analysed for physico-chemical properties and nutrient profile. Hydration index, swelling capacity as well as swelling index of ricebean were greater as compared to those of fababean which resulted in less cooking time. On a dry weight basis, fababean contained higher concentrations of crude protein (25.5 g/100 g), fat (2.7 g/100 g), ash (5.1 g/100 g), various dietary fibre constituents and digestible starch (42.1 mg maltose released/g meal) than those of ricebean. On the other hand, ricebean contained higher concentrations of total soluble sugars (5.6 g/100 g) and non-reducing sugars (5.0 g/100 g), digestible protein (58.4%) and total and available Ca, P and Fe than fababean. Both the legumes contained quite high concentrations of antinutrients viz. phytic acid (1012–2018 mg/100 g), polyphenols (750–1698 mg/100 g), saponins (1313–2168 mg/100 g) and trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) (55.2–905.2 TIU/g).
Effect of Varying Levels of Energy and Protein on Live Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicks

An experiment involving 270 straight run one-day-old Hubbard broiler chicks was conducted on floor pens to investigate the effect of different levels of energy and protein on live performance and carcass responses of broilers chicks. Six broiler starter diets with two levels of metabolizable energy (ME) i.e., 2800 and 3000kcal/kg each with three levels of crude protein (CP) i.e., 20, 21 and 22% were offered to birds from hatching to 28d of age. Similarly, six broiler finisher diets with two levels of ME i.e. 3000 and 3200kcal/kg and 3 levels of CP i.e. 16, 17 and 18%, and 18, 19 and 20%, respectively, were offered during 29-42d of age. The chicks were randomly divided into 18 replicate of 15 chicks each and there were 3 replicates under each diet. Feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) high in diet having low ME during both phase, with 20 and 22% CP during starter phase whereas all CP levels showed non-significant effects on feed intake at finisher phase. Low ME and high CP diets showed high feed intake (p<0.05) during starter and finisher phases. Higher weight gains (p<0.05) were observed at low ME diets during the experiment. Dietary CP contents at low ME did not affect the weight gain during starter phase whereas high CP with low ME showed high weight gain in finisher phase. The response of CP and ME was similar for good feed conversion ratio (FCR) as was observed for feed intake and weight gain. No significant differences of dietary treatments were observed on any of the carcass characteristics. From the recent study, it is obvious that low ME and high CP diets promised optimum performance for broiler chicks at both starter and finisher phases.
Wild Edible Plants and Their Traditional Use in the Human Nutrition in Bosnia‐Herzegovina

This article presents first systematical procedure results on traditional usage of wild, edible, vitaminous, and aromatic plants in the nutrition of human population in Bosnia and Herzegovina (W. Balkan peninsula; SE Europe). By method of an ethnobotanical interview, which comprised of over 250 persons, whose average age was 55, and by research on edible wild flora all around Bosnia and Herzegovina that extended over many years, detected were 308 plants belonging to 73 plant families that are being used in nutrition and diet of indigenous population. Edible wild plants are used as delicious vegetables, fruits, peer and spices, in either fresh, raw, or dried condition. Plants are being used for the making of cooked food (33%), fresh salads (19%), mush and bread (17%), or as fresh, wild fruits and drinks (13%) or as spices and ethno-pharmacological potions (10%). The majority of identified, wild edible plants may satisfy the daily human need for elementary nutrition material, particularly those of vitamins C and A, and for some minerals, according to the regulations of World Health Organization (WHO).
Development and Survival of Chironomus tepperi Skuse (Diptera: Chironomidae) at a Range of Constant Temperatures

Chironomus tepperi Skuse were reared individually at a range of constant temperatures from 12.5 to 37.5°C (2.5°C intervals), with development and survival monitored at regular intervals. C. tepperi is protandrous, with males developing significantly faster than females at the majority of temperatures examined, due primarily to a shorter final instar. Some individuals completed development at all temperatures, however emergent adults failed to successfully inflate their appendages at 37.5°C. Developmental rate increased with increasing temperature up to 32.5°C, but fell at 35°C. Low adult emergence at 37.5°C precluded a reliable estimate of total development time at that temperature. Survival to adult emergence varied from 10 to 60%, with highest mortality in the pupal stage at all temperatures. Degree-days (DD) and developmental zero (DZ) estimates for egg to adult development are 150.5 DD and 10.5°C for males and 167.1 DD and 10.3°C for females. DD and DZ estimates are presented for each developmental st.
Nanoclay Supporting Materials for Enzymes Immobilization: Kinetics Investigation of Free and Immobilized System

In this paper, the kinetic parameters of free and encapsulated enzymes in the calcium alginate-clay beads were determined using Lineweaver-Burk plot. The Michaelis constant, Km of free alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and cellulase were 2.0831, 1.8326 and 7.8592 mg/mL, respectively, whereas for the encapsulated system, the Km values were 3.1604, 2.1708 and 9.2791 mg/mL, respectively. The results showed encapsulation enzymes gave higher Km value than the free enzymes. Comparatively the encapsulated alpha-amylase was 1.5 times higher and the glucoamylase and cellulase were 1.18 times higher. This suggests that the affinity of encapsulated enzymes for substrate was lower which might be due to the diffusional limitation of the substrate and enzymes. Amongst the three in both systems, glucoamylase was determined to have highest affinity followed by alpha-amylase and cellulase enzymes.
Diversidade de herbáceas em microhabitats rochoso, plano e ciliar em uma área de caatinga, Caruaru, PE, Brasil

Objetivou-se avaliar a influencia da heterogeneidade micro-espacial no aumento da fitodiversidade herbacea em uma area de caatinga de Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brasil. Microhabitats rochosos, planos e ciliares foram selecionados, e nesses foi realizado um levantamento quali-quantitativo das herbaceas ocorrentes em 35 parcelas de 1 m2, em cada microhabitat. Todas as ervas nas parcelas foram contadas, marcadas e identificadas, coletando-se tambem outras especies herbaceas ocorrentes entre as parcelas. A riqueza taxonomica total de herbaceas foi mais elevada ao se considerar o conjunto dos microhabitats. A flora total foi de 62 especies, 42 destas ocorrendo no microhabitat rochoso, 32 no plano e 39 no ciliar. O indice de similaridade floristica de Jaccard entre os microhabitats variou de 42% (plano × ciliar) a 57% (rochoso × plano). Isoladamente, as riquezas de especies nos microhabitats plano, rochoso e ciliar foram de 3,09; 3,88 e de 4,18 especies (ln ind.)-1 e as diversidades, pelo indice de Shannon-Wiener, foram de 2,08; 2,09 e de 2,52 nats.ind. -1, respectivamente. Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae e Poaceae apresentaram maior numero de especies. A densidade total de herbaceas foi de 4.009 ind.105 m-2, sendo 1.749 individuos do microhabitat rochoso, 1.020 do ciliar e 1.240 do plano. Cerca de 19% das especies eram trepadeiras e foram consideradas como um grupo importante para conservacao da biodiversidade local. Evidenciou-se a importância da inclusao das herbaceas dos diferentes microhabitats, para a determinacao da riqueza floristica da caatinga.
Spatial Population Structure of Yellowstone Bison

Abstract Increases in Yellowstone National Park, USA, bison (Bison bison) numbers and shifts in seasonal distribution have resulted in more frequent movements of bison beyond park boundaries and development of an interagency management plan for the Yellowstone bison population. Implementation of the plan under the adaptive management paradigm requires an understanding of the spatial and temporal structure of the population. We used polythetic agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of radiolocations obtained from free-ranging bison to investigate seasonal movements and aggregations. We classified radiolocations into 4 periods: annual, peak rut (15 Jul–15 Sep), extended rut (1 Jun–31 Oct), and winter (1 Nov–31 May). We documented spatial separation of Yellowstone bison into 2 segments, the northern and central herds, during all periods. The estimated year-round exchange rate (4.85–5.83%) of instrumented bison varied with the fusion strategy employed. We did not observe exchange between the 2 segments during the peak rut and it varied during the extended rut (2.15–3.23%). We estimated a winter exchange of 4.85–7.77%. The outcome and effectiveness of management actions directed at Yellowstone bison may be affected by spatial segregation and herd affinity within the population. Reductions based on total population size, but not applied to the entire population, may adversely affect one herd while having little effect on the other. Similarly, management actions targeting a segment of the population may benefit from the spatial segregation exhibited.
Parâmetros genéticos para a conservação de Hymenaea courbaril L. na Amazônia sul-ocidental

A perda de diversidade em regioes tropicais tem sido pauta em diversas discussoes governamentais e nao governamentais, com foco principalmente na fragmentacao e destruicao de ecossistemas naturais. No entanto, tomadas de decisoes sobre a conservacao de recursos geneticos precisam ser pautadas em parâmetros geneticos populacionais, especialmente para as especies com interesse economico que sao alvo de maior interferencia humana. Este trabalho teve como objetivo definir e avaliar parâmetros geneticos para a conservacao de populacoes de jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril) na regiao sul-ocidental da Amazonia brasileira. A especie e uma das que possuem madeira mais valiosa e e uma das mais intensamente exploradas na Amazonia brasileira. O estudo foi realizado em tres areas de florestas preparadas para a exploracao madeireira, segundo plano de manejo sustentavel. Calculou-se, com uso de oito locos de marcadores microssatelites, a diversidade genetica, os estimadores para a conservacao da especie e a divergencia entre as populacoes. As populacoes com menor densidade populacional (< 0,08 ind.ha-1) apresentaram maior diversidade genetica e indice de fixacao elevado. A populacao com maior densidade populacional (0,25 ind.ha-1) foi a que apresentou menor diversidade genetica e ausencia de endogamia. A Area Minima Viavel para conservacao da especie foi compativel com a realidade do local de estudo, com uma ressalva de uma das populacoes onde ha necessidade de uma area muito maior em relacao as demais. A divergencia genetica foi elevada (G'st = 0,344) e as populacoes foram classificadas como Unidades Independentes para o Manejo.
Application of the EM-31 Terrain Conductivity Meter in Highly-Conductive Regimes

Over highly-conductive Earths, the maximum effective depth of investigation of the EM-31 terrain conductivity meter is reduced from its nominal value of 6 m due to the effects of skin depth attenuation. In extreme cases, depths of investigation may be as small as ~2.5 m and ~4 m for the vertical coplanar and horizontal coplanar coil configurations respectively. Sensitivity of the instrument to variations in the parameters of layered earth models is highly dependent on the geoelectric structure. For high values of ground conductivity the in-phase component of the response depends strongly on the subsurface electrical conductivity, and for some layered earth models may offer an increased depth of investigation in comparison with apparent conductivity (quadrature) data. The restricted measuring range of the EM-31 instrument is however a limitation on the usefulness of in-phase measurements in such cases.
Maternal Condition and Offspring Sex Ratio in a Group of Free-Ranging Rhesus Monkeys: An Eleven-Year Study

The extent to which variations in maternal condition could be used to explain lineage-related variations in offspring sex ratios was examined in one social group of free-ranging rhesus monkeys over an 11-yr period. Sex ratios were examined as a function of several factors thought to be related to maternal condition: individual and lineage rank, age, fecundity, survival, neonatality, and rates of stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Maternal condition was also assessed more directly with ordinal-level measures of body fat. Significant differences among the lineages resulted from a strong tendency for middle-lineage females to produce biased proportions of daughters. It could not be argued using criteria of body fat, maternal age, survival, or fecundity that these females were in better or worse condition than those in other lineages. Maternal age or dominance was not related to body fat or offspring sex. Middle-lineage females had significantly higher neonatality rates, primarily because they had significantly shorter intervals between viable infants and smaller proportions of stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Over the whole group, females who had high neonatality also had high proportions of daughters. However, there was no evidence that this relationship depended on variations in maternal condition or on differential mortality of offspring of a particular sex. Hence, maternal condition does not appear to be a likely explanation for variations in sex ratios observed in this group. Random variation or a genetic predisposition in the middle lineage to produce daughters, along with a general tendency for shorter interbirth intervals following the birth of viable daughters than sons, may account for the differences in neonatality. There is a need to clarify the concept and measurement of maternal condition and to assess its relationship to various factors (e.g., rank, age, productivity) at each research site.
Water‐Repellent Soils, Fire, and Annual Plant Cover in a Desert Scrub Community of Southeastern California

Surveys relating soil wettability and the establishment of annual plants were conducted on soil hummocks under burned and unburned shrubs and trees in a desert scrub community 4 years following a fire. Hummocks under burned and unburned individuals of Larrea divaricata, Prosopis juliflora, and Cercidium floridum were nearly devoid of established annual vegetation, whereas the surrounding soil was densely populated with several species of annual plants, predominately Sphaeralcea emoryi. Hydrophobic (water—repellent) layers of soil were found at various depths in the barren hummocks. In general, the layers were further below the soil surface under burned shrubs or trees, and the degree of water repellency was greater. The soil surrounding the hummocks did not contain hydrophobic layers. The mosaic of annuals in the desert scrub vegetation is probably the result of a reduction of available soil moisture due to the formation of water—repellent soils under the shrubs. The effect was more pronounced following fire.
Evaluation of Some Binders and Fat Substitutes in Low-fat Frankfurters

ABSTRACT: Sensory and Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) were used to evaluate the effects of 8 fat substitutes/binders on the quality of low-fat frankfurters (10% fat) compared to both high-fat (22%) products and low-fat products without fat substitutes. Products with isolated soy protein (ISP), modified waxy maize starch, and isolated muscle protein (IMP) had similar sensory and texture properties to the high-fat products, but the products with ISP and IMP had higher purge loss. Sensory and TPA properties were highly correlated: overall palatability was strongly associated with TPA first bite energy (r = 0.84) and fracturability (r = 0.800). Principal component analysis of the data showed that most of the variation in properties of the products was due to variation in firmness and cohesiveness (83.6%) of the sensory properties and stress-related parameters from the force-deformation curves for TPA (77.6%).