Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Organosolv and Alkaline Lignins from Hardwood and Softwood Biomass

Isolation of lignins from hardwood and softwood biomass samples, containing 26.1% and 28.1% lignin, respectively, has been performed with the use of alkaline and organosolv pretreatment methods. The effect of catalyst loading, ethanol content, particle size, and pretreatment time on the yields and properties of the isolated lignins were investigated. Alkaline lignins had higher carbohydrate content—up to 30%—and exhibited higher molecular weights in the range of 3000 Da, with a maximum phenolic hydroxyl content of 1 mmol g–1 for birch and 2 mmol g–1 for spruce. Organosolv lignins, on the other hand, showed high purity—93% or higher—despite the more extensive biomass dissolution into the pretreatment medium; they also exhibited a lower range of molecular weights between 600 and 1600 Da depending on the source and pretreatment conditions. Due to the lower molecular weight, phenolic hydroxyl content was also increased, reaching as high as 4 mmol g–1 with a simultaneous decrease in aliphatic hydroxyl content .
Through student eyes: Assessment conceptions and quality assurance

Recent reforms of higher education systems in Europe, since the implementation of the Bologna Process, encourage teachers to incorporate a range of assessment practices that should be more responsive to students’ learning needs. Over the years, an extensive body of literature has been produced regarding principles and practice guidelines for the assessment of students’ learning outcomes. However, what are students’ conceptions of assessment? The present article, given the strong drive to understand the role that conceptions have in educational practices, focuses on students’ conceptions of assessment within the Italian higher education system. More specifically, this paper reports on a research study realised through the administration of the Students’ Conceptions of Assessment Inventory (SCoA). The data were analysed using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) design. This study represents a useful step in understanding conceptions that students have of assessment within the framework of quality assurance. Results of the study may set the groundwork for a critical debate on changes and improvements in the higher education field.
Underlying the Factors of Unmet Need for Family Planning in Indonesia: A Spatial Analysis

Unmet need for family planning remains a challenge in Indonesia. The Government has incorporated into the 2020-2024 National Medium-term Development Plan, an ambitious target to reduce unmet need from 12,4% in 2018 to 7.4% in 2024. This will require significant effort, while systematic and updated studies explaining the underlying causes are scarce, especially those that look at the level within the diverse characteristics of Indonesia. This study therefore aimed to investigate the fundamental factors contributing to unmet need for family planning, categorized into five dimensions (D): D.1). weak or ambivalent fertility preferences; D.2). generic disapproval of pregnancy prevention; D.3). method-specific barriers to use; D.4). perceived low risk of getting pregnant; and D.5). partner-related factors. This study also mapped the pattern at the sub-national level namely Java-Bali (region 1/R1), outside Java–Bali 1 (region 2/R2) and outside Java-Bali 2 (region 3/R3). Findings show that the level of unmet need is highest in R3 which consists of provinces that started implementing their family planning program much later than provinces in the other two regions. The study also shows that women between 20-29 years old, with educated husband and larger family size, who consider smaller family size as ideal, are more likely to have unmet need compared to their counterparts in all regions. The likelihood of unmet need is most prominent in the region with the most mature program. The study emphasizes the importance of designing appropriate targeted interventions that are tailored to the local context and not apply a ‘one-size-fits-all’ policy.
Influence of Social Media on Students’ Academic Performance as Perceived by Undergraduate Education Students

The use of social media among tertiary institution students has been the concern of scholars within the education realm in respect of the influence on academic performance. While some have found positive impact, others have recorded negative or neutral. However, specific attention has not been given education students who are the potential builders of up-coming generation on their views in relation to the influence on academic performance. This study therefore investigated the perceived influence of the use of social media on students’ academic performance. The study adopted a descriptive survey design by randomly selecting 297 undergraduate education students of Osun State University from 2nd, 3rd and final year students. The instrument used for data collection is a self-developed questionnaire titled ‘Influence of Social Media on Academic Performance’. One research question and two hypotheses were generated for the study. Data were analysed using simple percentage and frequency count aspect of descriptive statistics, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the use of social media has both positive and negative influence on academic performance. The study also revealed no bias in the view of the respondents based on gender and number of years spent as students in the university. The researcher therefore recommends the need to educate students on the educational benefits of social media, guide the students on how to use social media to enhance learning coupled with the incorporation of social media as instructional strategy in the school curriculum. Keywords: Academic performance, perception, social media, undergraduate students
CRUSHING CHARACTER OF SAND-SODIUM-SILICATE MIXTURES STRUCTURED BY STEAM-MICROWAVE TREATMENT

At the present, from among the known methods of sand-sodium-silicate mixtures structuring, the least studied, but the most promising, is the method of steam-microwave solidification. Among unexplored elements of steam-microwave solidification method is nature of mixtures destruction. This is especially important for determining the ways to increase the sand-sodium-silicate casting molds and cores strength before pouring and lowering their strength by the time when casting should be knocked out the mold and the core from cast product. Knowledge about mixture destruction nature is also necessary for appropriate technical solutions elaboration concerning sand regeneration. In this regard, the purpose of the present work has to be nature of sand-sodium-silicate mixtures structured by steam-microwave solidification method destruction establishing. Quartz sand cladded with sodium-silicate solute has been used in the present investigation. Mixture (cladded sand) structuring has been carried out by microwave radiation at nominal magnetron power of 700 W and radiation frequency of 2.45 GHz in area of standing waves. To cladded sand structuring, 1 g water portion has been added, which has been placed in bottom of container in which mixture has been microwave treated. To make decision on mixture destruction nature, images of structured mixtures destruction places within one grain (sand grain), which are typical for adhesive and cohesive character of destruction, obtained with scanning electron microscope have been used. It has been found that with sodium-silicate solute for quartz sand cladding mass content from 0.5 to 6 % (by weight) increasing, as well as with mixture processing by the method of steam-microwave solidification duration increasing, mixture compression ultimate strength increases according to dependence closed to exponential. Character of structured mixture destruction, in this case, is not depend on sodium-silicate solute used for quartz sand cladding content, but depends on steam-microwave solidification duration. With its time increasing it changes from adhesive to mix or from adhesive to mixed and cohesive.
Microbial decolourisation of a reactive azo dye under anaerobic conditions

Water-soluble azo dyes are used extensively in the textile industry and are known to be problematic with respect to from textile waste waters. Under anaerobic conditions azo dyes can be utilised as terminal electron acceptors in microbial respiration, and are reduced and decolourised concurrently with re-oxidation of reduced flavin nucleotides. The microbial decolourisation of an azo dye (C.I. Reactive Red 141) was investigated with respect to the kinetic order of azo reduction and rate-controlling factors of the reaction. Decolourisation of C.I. Reactive Red 141 was found to be first order with respect to dye concentration, although increasing the initial dye concentration in the serum bottles resulted in decreasing k values of − 0.441/h (100 mg/(of C.I. Reactive Red 141), − 0.316/h (150 mg/l) and − 0.25:/h (200 mp/l). The presence of labile carbon in the anaerobic system was found to be essential in order to obtain an acceptable rate of decolourisation. The k value obtained for decolourisation of the azo dye without a supplemental carbon source (glucose) was − 0.012/h, in comparison to a k value of − 0.441/h when supplemented with glucose (1 g/l). The presence of nitrate in the anaerobic system was found to inhibit decolourisation, while the presence of sulphate was found to have to discernible effect on the rate of decolourisation. A low redox potential (− 450 to − 500 mV) was found to be conducive to rapid decolourisation of C.I. Reactive Red 141. A C.I. Reactive Red 141 depradation product was positively identified as 2-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulphonic acid, confirming that azo reduction was responsible for decolourisation of the azo dye. A toxicity assay was performed which showed that C.I. Reactive Red 141 was inhibitory to the anaerobic microbial community at concentrations >100 mg/l, but that prior exposure of the biomass to the dye increased the resistance to previously inhibitory dye concentrations
TAPPS with Metaphorical Thinking Approach Assisted by Class Dojo to Improve Mathematical Literacy Skills

The purpose of this research is to determine the learning quality of Think Aloud Pair Problem Solving learning model with metaphorical thinking approach assisted by Class Dojo to students' mathematical literacy skills. The research method used in this research is a quantitative method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this research was VII graders students of SMP Negeri 9 Salatiga 2019/2020. The sample in this study was taken using simple random sampling technique with class VII B as the experimental class and class VII C as the control class. The results showed that the TAPPS learning model with metaphorical thinking approach assisted by Class Dojo has a quality to improve mathematical literacy skills. This is indicated by the average score of the learning device validation at the planning stage which is very good. The observation results of learning implementations and student responses were categorized as very good. In the evaluation stage, it shows that students after participating in the TAPPS learning model with metaphorical thinking approach assisted by Class Dojo can achieve more than the minimum completeness criteria (MCC) individually or classically, The proportion of classical completeness of student's mathematical literacy skill with the TAPPS learning model with metaphorical thinking approach assisted by Class Dojo is better than the proportion of classical completeness of student's mathematical literacy skill with the problem based learning model with scientific approach assisted by Google Classroom, and there is an increase in the average score of student's mathematical literacy skills taught by TAPPS learning model with metaphorical thinking approach assisted by Class Dojo.
Promising Potential Pharmaceuticals from the Genus Cordyceps for COVID-19 Treatment: A Review Study

A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), named as severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) later, was first detected at Wuhan, China, in December 2019 COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is highly contagious and has mild to severe symptoms ranging from generalized weakness, headache, dizziness, fever, cough, and dyspnea to severe hypoxia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure The unclarity of the virus' pathophysiology and lack of a targeted therapy make the disease very challenging to treat for physicians Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris are entomopathogenic fungi which are used for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, lung improving, and antiviral functions in Traditional Chinese Medicine Thus, advanced search for C sinensis and C militaris has proven several compounds from these fungi have the functions that they are thought to have This review aims to discuss whether C sinensis and C militaris can be used for COVID-19 treatment in light of previous studies
Feasibility of L. plantarum and prebiotics on Aflatoxin B1 detoxification in cow milk

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergilus flavus and A. parasiticus identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (2012) as a group 1 carcinogenic agent for humans and animals. The indirect milk contamination by mycotoxins occurs by contaminated food consumption by lactating animals allowing for mycotoxins to be carried over to milk (Pimpitak et al., 2020; Zain, 2011). Mycotoxins are resistant to milk`s industrial processing (heat treatments, concentration or drying) justifying their presence at any dairy production chain stage, from raw material attainment to later industrialization stages (Ahmadi, 2020; Campagnollo et al., 2016; Flores-Flores et al., 2015).
Data Analytics to Detect Panic Buying and Improve Products Distribution Amid Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a panic-buying behavior around the globe. As a result, many essential supplies were consistently out-of-stock at common point-of-sale locations. Unfortunately, such a hoarding behavior disproportionately puts vulnerable groups of people at risk as they cannot "compete" with the demand surge, hence creating a critical societal issue. Even though most retailers were aware of this problem, they were caught off guard and are still lacking the technical capabilities to address this issue. The primary objective of this research is to develop a data-driven framework that can systematically alleviate this issue by leveraging statistical models and machine learning techniques. We leverage both internal and external data sources and show that using external data enhances the predictability and interpretability of our model. Our proposed framework can help retailers detect demand anomalies as they occur, allowing them to react strategically. We collaborate with a large retailer and apply our models to three categories of products using a dataset with more than 15 million observations. We first show that our proposed anomaly detection model can successfully detect anomalies related to panic buying. We then present a prescriptive analytics simulation tool that can help retailers improve essential products distribution in uncertain times. Using data from the March 2020 panic-buying wave, we show that our prescriptive tool can help the retailer increase access to essential products by 56.74%.
Iron‐rich olivine in the unequilibrated ordinary chondrite, MET 00526: Earliest stages of formation

In order to understand the effects of the earliest stages of hydrothermal alteration and fluid‐assisted metamorphism on the matrices of unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs), we have investigated the fine‐grained matrix of MET 00526 (L3.05) using multiple electron microscope techniques. Iron‐rich olivines (Fa50‐100) are present in all four representative fine‐grained matrix regions analyzed in this study. This study shows for the first time the occurrence of FeO‐rich olivines in distinct submicron veins that crosscut regions of matrix consisting of amorphous silicates and phyllosilicates, providing evidence for elemental mass transport in a hydrothermal fluid. Our detailed transmission electron microscopy study reinforces the idea that FeO‐rich olivines are formed on asteroidal parent bodies by the interaction between a hydrothermal fluid and the pristine solar nebular materials that may be the product of condensation processes in the protoplanetary disk, that is, amorphous silicates. We propose that the FeO‐rich olivines currently observed in MET 00526 matrix are the products of three possible reaction mechanisms, (1) replacement of amorphous silicates, (2) precipitation from an SiO‐rich fluid, and (3) replacement of phyllosilicates; all these mechanisms take place in the presence of an iron‐rich fluid. The chemical evolution of the hydrothermal fluid could trigger the formation of either fayalite or phyllosilicates depending on the Si/Fe ratios. A low Si/Fe ratio is required to form FeO‐rich olivines, rather than phyllosilicates, which form at high Si/Fe ratio. Although MET 00526 records the effects of secondary alteration processes, its fine‐grained matrix still preserves some evidence of its pristine, solar nebular characteristics.
The Mediating Effect of Money Attitude on Association Between Financial Literacy, Financial Behaviour, and Financial Vulnerability

The financial vulnerability is associated negatively with all aspects of the life of each and every individuals and households of lower, middle and high income groups. Hence, the major objective of the study is to construct a financial vulnerability model for Malaysian households. The data collection was performed of a total of 574 respondents who were chosen following the multi-stage random sampling method. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were utilized to perform the mediating test of money attitude on the association between personal finance and financial vulnerability, and the results revealed that the money attitude as a partial mediator. Moreover, the identified influential Malaysian households’ personal financial factors will assist the related agencies to implement intervention programme that is leading to uplift the quality, and well-being of the life of the Malaysians as intended by the strategies outlined in the Eleventh Plan of the Malaysia.
Investigating Turkish Pre-service Science Teachers’ Moral Reasoning in Genetics related Socioscientific Issues

In this study, Turkish pre-service science teachers' moral reasoning patterns and the factors which influence their decisions while discussing genetics-related socio-scientific issues (SSI) were investigated. A basic qualitative approach was adopted for this purpose. Seven third-grade pre-service science teachers enrolled in the study. Semi-structured interviews for different genetics related SSI were conducted. The results revealed that decisions were generally based on the consequences of genetic applications (consequentialist) or based on moral principles or prescripts (principle-based). Most participants used consequencebased moral reasoning in their decisions, while principle-based moral reasoning was less used. They also used emotion-based moral reasoning. Their decisions were influenced by emotions, including empathy or sympathy toward the characters, or the unborn baby, in the scenarios. Additional and varied factors, including legal, ethical, economic, and technological concerns, were revealed as influential. Participants' decisions were also shaped by their own experiences, media resources, and faith in science. The implications for science teacher education programs are discussed.
Biochar Amendment Alters the Nutrient-Use Strategy of Moso Bamboo Under N Additions

Nutrient resorption can affect plant growth, litter decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Although the effects of nitrogen (N) and biochar fertilizers on soil nutrient concentrations and plant nutrient uptake have been studied, an understanding of how combined applications of N and biochar affect plant nutrient resorption in plantations is lacking. In this study, we applied N (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N ha−1 yr−1 defined as N0, N30, N60, and N90, respectively) and biochar (0, 20, and 40 t biochar ha−1 defined as BC0, BC20, and BC40, respectively) to the soil of a Moso bamboo plantation. We investigated the effects of these treatments on N and phosphorus (P) resorption by young and mature bamboo plants, as well as the relationships between nutrient resorption and leaf and soil nutrient concentrations. Young bamboo showed significantly greater foliar N resorption efficiency (NRE) and P resorption efficiency (PRE) than mature bamboo. N addition alone significantly increased the N resorption proficiency (NRP) and P resorption proficiency (PRP) but significantly decreased the NRE and PRE of both young and mature bamboo. In both the N-free and N-addition treatments, biochar amendments significantly reduced the foliar NRE and PRE of young bamboo but had the opposite effect on mature bamboo. Foliar NRE and PRE were significantly negatively correlated with fresh leaf N and P concentrations and soil total P concentration but significantly positively correlated with soil pH. Our findings suggest that N addition inhibits plant nutrient resorption and alters the nutrient-use strategy of young and mature bamboo from “conservative consumption” to “resource spending. ” Furthermore, biochar amendment enhanced the negative effect of N addition on nutrient resorption in young bamboo but reduced the negative effect on that of mature bamboo under N-addition treatments. This study provides new insights into the combined effects of N and biochar on the nutrient resorption of Moso bamboo and may assist in improving fertilization strategies in Moso bamboo plantations.
Fluoroquinolone-Based Organic Salts and Ionic Liquids as Highly Bioavailable Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobials

The majority of antibiotics display low oral bioavailability due to reduced solubility in water and/or inefficient permeability across biological membranes. Their efficiency is further limited by the frequent presence of polymorphic structures with different pharmaceutical activities. In this communication, we present our latest results on the development of organic salts and ionic liquids from fluoroquinolones (FQ-OSILs) as highly efficient ionic formulations of this family of antimicrobials. Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were used as anions and as cations, by combination with biocompatible organic counter-ions. In vitro bioavailability studies showed that all prepared FQ-OSILs presented higher solubility in water than the original drugs. All compounds were found to be isomorphic and with tailorable antimicrobial activity according to the cation–anion combination against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.
Monitoring heavy metal contamination levels and microbiological pollution in seawater of Agadir coastal zones

The objective of this study was to monitor the bacteriological contamination of the seawater of the marine fisheries of the coastal Agadir, Morocco. The study was focused on the diagnosis on the pollution in heavy metals, such as cadmium, lead, and mercury in five zones: the port of Imi Ouaddar fish boarding (zone Z1), the old port of Agadir (zones Z2 and Z3), the port of Agadir Marina (zone Z4), and the estuary of Oued Souss (zone Z5). The analyses were done by testing physicochemical parameters (such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity and conductivity) as well as microbiological and atomic adsorption analyses. The experimental results showed that the values of the physicochemical parameters were almost the same in all zones, while the microbial conditions were different, in which this is due to the existence of heavy metals. The more heavy metal concentrations affected the condition of microbes in the sea water, confirmed by the number of Escherichia coli. This study demonstrated the importance of controlling concentration of heavy metals for better sustainability of environment. © 2020 Tim Pengembang Jurnal UPI Article History: Received 12 Apr 2019 Revised 25 Jun 2020 Accepted 28 Jun 2020 Available online 04 Jul 2020 __________________________