Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geomechanics of Australian open cut coal mining

Australian black coal and brown coal mining is an important contributor to the Australian economy. The intent of this paper is to provide concise reference information to geotechnical practitioners. Geology of coals, coal measures rocks, overburdens, and groundwater are described. Mining operations for the black coal and brown coal industries are very different. Both are outlined to provide a context for geotechnical characterisation that covers rank, coal materials, virgin and pre-existing stress states, and data gathering. Geotechnical models and parameters are described separately for the black coal and brown coal sectors. Information is provided regarding material and mass strength, deformability, degradation and weathering, hydraulic conductivity, gas desorption and outburst, and waste dumping. An overview of analytical tools is provided for defect mapping, slope stability, and deformation and groundwater pressure modelling. Discussion of geotechnical aspects of final post-mining landforms is also provided.
Duration of primary moult affects primary quality in Grey Plovers Pluvialis squatarola

Feather wear is the natural degradation and breakage of feather structure during the interval between moults. Different rates of feather wear have been observed for primaries of free-living populations of several species of passerines and waders, and this variability has been linked to different concentrations of melanins. In this study primary moult duration explained 59% of the variation in annual rates of primary abrasion (percentage wing length loss) of seven Grey Plover wintering populations, while migration distance explained 14%. The analysis suggests that primary moult duration plays a key role in determining primary durability and hence primary quality. Long distance migrants might evolve more durable primaries, despite the higher predation risks and energetic costs of a prolonged moult. Partial or complete pre-breeding primary moults of first-year waders and complete biannual moults of some passerines might have evolved under selective forces favouring migration with unabraded primaries.
Evaluation of E-Rat, a computer-based rat dissection, in terms of student learning outcomes

This study used a computer-based rat anatomy to compare student learning outcomes from computer-based instruction with a conventional dissection. The study was carried out with first-year undergraduate biology students. On average, students who completed the computer-based instruction did 7.4 percentage points better than students completing the conventional dissection. This pattern held across the three types of questions, namely text, pictures, and real rat questions. There was a significant relationship between the time spent on both classes and the marks gained. Students who spent longer on the class gained higher marks and, regardless of time, the computer-based students had higher marks. The increase in marks shown by the computerbased students was consistent across all grades of students. Possible reasons for the increase in marks is the flexibility of time using the computer-based instruction, the ability to see all structures clearly and the absence of smell and blood. This study shows that computer-based instruction can be a viable alternative to the use of animals in biology classrooms.
Grafting cv. Grechetto Gentile Vines to New M4 Rootstock Improves Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Status as Compared to Commercial 1103P Rootstock

M4 is a relatively new rootstock that was selected for increased resilience of vineyards across hot regions where meteorological drought is often coupled to water scarcity. However, M4 has thus far been tested only against water-stress sensitive rootstocks. Against this backdrop, the aim of the present work is to examine the water status and gas exchange performances of vines grafted to M4 in comparison to those of vines grafted to a commercial stock that is drought-tolerant, 1103 Paulsen (1103P), under a progressive water deficit followed by re-watering. This study was undertaken on Grechetto Gentile, a cultivar that is renowned for its rather conservative water use (near-isohydric behavior). While fifty percent of both grafts were fully irrigated (WW), the remaining underwent progressive water stress by means of suspending irrigation (WS). Soil and leaf water status, as well as leaf gas exchanges, along with chlorophyll fluorescence, were followed daily from 1 day pre-stress (DOY 176) until re-watering (DOY 184). Final leaf area per vine, divided in main and lateral contribution, was also assessed. While 1103P grafted vines manifested higher water use under WW conditions, progressive stress evidenced a faster water depletion by 1103P, which also maintained slightly more negative midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf) as compared to M4 grafted plants. Daily gas exchange readings, as well as diurnal assessment performed at the peak of stress (DOY 183), also showed increased leaf assimilation rates (A) and water use efficiency (WUE) in vines grafted on M4, which were also less susceptible to photosynthetic downregulation. Dynamic of stomatal closure targeted at 90% reduction of leaf stomatal conductance showed a similar behavior among rootstocks since the above threshold was reached by both at Ψleaf of about −1.11 MPa. The same fractional reduction in leaf A was reached by vines grafted on M4 at a Ψleaf of −1.28 MPa vs. −1.10 MPa measured in 1103P, meaning that using M4 as a rootstock will postpone full stomatal closure. While mechanisms involved in improved CO2 uptake in M4-grafted vines under moderate-to-severe stress are still unclear, our data support the hypothesis that M4 might outscore the performance of a commercial drought-tolerant genotype (1103P) and can be profitably used as a tool to improve the resilience of vines to summer drought.
AYYALONIA DIMENTMANI N. G., N. SP. (AYYALONIINI N. TRIB., CHTHONIIDAE, PSEUDOSCORPIONES) FROM A CAVE IN ISRAEL

A new eyeless troglobitic pseudoscorpion, Ayyalonia dimentmani n. g. , n. sp. , is described from inside karstic voids in Israel that form a completely isolated, old underground ecosystem with living populations of blind pseudoscor- pions, crustaceans, collembolans, thysanurans and mites. The scorpions, of which only empty carcasses have been found may represent extinct derives or recently dead specimens belonging to an unknown population existing somewhere in the Ayyalon underground spaces. The pseudoscorpions analysed prove to differ from all other pseudoscorpions and are placed in a new tribe, new genus, and a new species. The possibility is suggested that the subterranean false scorpions are relicts of an old circum- tropical pattern of distribution (either of early Miocene or late Mesozoic age and origin) that differs from the present Mediterranean location of Israel.
Changes in the composition of free amino acids, organic acids and lipids during processing and ripening of ‘Hatahata-zushi’, a fermented fish product of sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus) and boiled rice

The changes in the compositions of certain chemical components during the processing of ‘Hatahata-zushi’, a Japanese fermented product of sand-fish and boiled rice, were investigated. The pH, moisture and salt contents of the finished product were 4-1,552 g kg−1 and 41-0 g kg−1, respectively on a salt-free dry weight basis. The concentrations of polyamines except histamine increased gradually during fermentation. The contents of free amino acid, especially glutamic acid, alanine, valine and leucine, increased during fermentation. Lactic acid and acetic acid contents increased markedly during fermentation. Total lipid content of the raw sample was relatively high, 385 g kg−1 on a dry weight basis. During soaking in water, the contents of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) markedly decreased, while that of free fatty acid increased. The decreases in PE and PC continued up to the end of fermentation. The triglyceride content decreased to a large extent during the early stage of fermentation period and thereafter remained almost unchanged. Lipid deterioration of ‘Hatahata-zushi’ seemed to be due mainly to hydrolysis of lipids by endogeneous and/or exogenous lipolytic enzyme systems.
Attachment theory, cortisol and care for the under-threes in the twenty-first century: constructing evidence-informed policy

ABSTRACT Infant attachment theory is now nearly seventy-years old. Despite debates that developed around the original theory relating to the role of the mother and the potential for emotional flexibility in the infant, its core thesis of the role of the ‘Internal Working Model’ in human mental health endures. Recent neurophysiological research reveals complex relationships between stress biology and infant attachment. In this article, attachment theory is summarised from its origins to its currently emerging relationship with neurophysiology, and implications for policy are discussed. Emergent concepts include the indication that insecure relationships in infancy have the potential to impact upon lifelong mental health, and that contemporary UK policy does not give enough weight to this finding when planning care and social strategies for infants and their families. This article attempts to bring together a cohesive picture of research across neurophysiology, psychology and practice to inform future policy development.
Relationship between the tangible resources of companies and their capability of knowledge absorption

: This research evaluates the relationship between tangible resources and companies´ potential absorptive capabilities using data of 2,093 Colombian industrial firms through econometric models that allowed us to contrast linear regressions and Logit models. The results suggest that financial and human resource characteristics of firms, positively influence their ability to acquire and assimilate knowledge derived from the environment. Likewise, firm´s ability to cooperate and interact with their ecosystem has a positive influence on their potential absorptive capability
Craniometrical variability and developmental stability. Two useful tools for assessing the population viability of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) populations in Europe.

Morphometrical univariate analyses of otter skulls collected over the past hundred years in European countries from presumed healthy populations were compared with skulls from presumed endangered populations. The average degree of sexual dimorphism of die European populations was found to be directly correlated to die skull size of die male otters. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in metric skull traits was analysed as an estimator of developmental stability. There was evidence for increased FA in different traits over time in some of the presumed endangered populations, and for a reduction in size of skull traits. In contrast, the healthy populations did not show any significant changes in the same traits during the same period. The reduced sexual dimorphism of the endangered populations is suggested to be a product of relaxed sexual selection and deteriorated habitat conditions. Environmental and genetic forces that may have shaped these patterns are discussed.
Analysis and Findings from Mapping the Australian Social and Affordable Housing Network - Queensland and Western Australia

This Sustainable Built Environment National Research Centre (SBEnrc) project, Mapping the Social and Affordable Housing Network aims to contribute to improvement in the productivity, effectiveness and efficiency of this network in Australia. Through providing a high level, graphical representation across 13 elements these maps, and associated findings cast light on current complexity, challenges and opportunities. The maps, findings and supporting materials have been brought together to facilitate a strategic yet pragmatic understanding of of this network. This has been done to help organisations better leverage outcomes for those in need of social and/or more affordable housing. These maps are a snapshot in time, at July 2019. As such they are intended to provide a base-line overview of this network, to inform current understanding, and future analysis and decision-making. They cannot be comprehensive due to the expansive nature of the network (and limited project resources), but aim to provide a foundation for decision-making. For example, they could help guide a living process to assist organisations identify and engage with partners and stakeholders, to better address the changing nature of the housing need. The intent has been to identify all participants for the three tiers of government and for peak bodies/industry associations, whilst providing examples only for the remaining groups of participants involved in the network. Network maps have been developed for two focal participants, the WA Department of Communities, and the Queensland Department of Housing and Public Works.
Ganho genético avaliado com índices de seleção e com REML/Blup em milho‑pipoca

The objective of this work was to compare four selection indices and the REML/Blup method in the evaluation of the predicted genetic gains for the characteristics of interest to the breeding program of the UENF 14 popcorn. Two hundred full-sib progenies were evaluated in one season, in two locations (North and Northwest Regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), with two replicates, totaling 800 observations. The characteristics evaluated were average plant height, average height of first ear insertion, final stand, tipping, stem diameter, prolificacy, grain yield and popping expansion. Among the selection indices tested, Mulamba & Mock's provided the best results for selection of full-sib progenies. The REML/Blup method proved to be very efficient, selecting progenies with high relative performance and better predicted genetic gains than those of the selection indices tested. The progenies selected using the REML/Blup method, for highest grain yield, are not the same as those selected for higher popping expansion. The Mulamba & Mock index and the REML/Blup method provide the best predicted gains for the UENF 14 population.
Montessori Education and a Neighborhood School

Project SYNC (Systems, Yoked through Nuanced Collaboration) details perspectives of a community of stakeholders committed to the enhancement of early childhood (i.e., prekindergarten through grade 3) education. Although there is a growing number of public-school programs informed by the Montessori philosophy, Montessori educational experiences often take place within affluent communities. SYNC aimed to enhance the prekindergarten through grade 3 educational experiences for traditionally underserved students by transforming two traditional early childhood classrooms to Montessori settings within a diverse, Title I school. Montessori pedagogy, curricula, and materials aligned with the school’s dedicated commitment to social justice. The study, one in a series, explored the impact of Montessori education on a neighborhood school community as evidenced through stakeholder opinions, project implementation, and teacher attitudes. Project data illustrate that a Montessori educational experience created learning opportunities that supported children from culturally and ethnically diverse communities in a traditional, Title I elementary school.
Fibre Bragg grating sensors for sutural expansion assessment in rapid palatal expanders: an ex‐vivo validation

This study presents the development and validation of a fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs)-based sensor system for the assessment of strain in the midpalatal suture in subjects using rapid palatal expanders (RPEs). The ex-vivo experiments were made by means of positioning two RPEs in a porcine palatal region. The RPEs used were the Hyrax, a tooth-borne expander and MARPE (microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion), a bone-borne expander. In order to define the regions in the palatal region for the sensors positioning, a finite-element analysis was performed in a porcine head subjected to the loadings caused by an RPE. In addition, a strain transfer model was used to obtain a correction coefficient that approximates the strain estimated by the FBG to the actual strain in the structure under shear and normal stress. Results show high linearity in the sensors characterisation tests with the advantages of compactness, intrinsic safe operation and multiplexing capabilities of FBGs. In the RPE analysis, a higher strain was estimated in the anterior region, which is in accordance with the simulation and previously reported results, where MARPE showed a higher strain (with an exponential pattern) than Hyrax as the number of activations increase.
Tracking ∼200 years of water quality in Muskrat Lake, a eutrophic lake trout lake in Ontario (Canada) with cyanobacterial blooms

Abstract Simmatis B, Nelligan C, Rühland KM, Jeziorski A, Castro V, Paterson AM, Smol JP. 2020. Tracking ∼200 years of water quality in Muskrat Lake, a eutrophic lake trout lake in Ontario (Canada) with cyanobacterial blooms. Lake Reserv Manage. 36:260–277. Muskrat Lake is a deep (64 m), eutrophic lake in southeastern Ontario, Canada, that supports a natural lake trout population. Frequent algal blooms and low deep-water dissolved oxygen concentrations have generated management concerns. Based on anecdotal reports, algal blooms first occurred in the 1920s. Concern regarding recreational activities has escalated since the early 1980s. Monitoring records for total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved oxygen concentrations are sparse, requiring paleolimnological methods to extend our knowledge of past lake conditions. We inferred trends in past whole-lake primary production using visual-range spectroscopy-inferred chlorophyll a, nutrients using diatom assemblage changes, and end-of-summer volume-weighted hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations (VWHO) using chironomids to assess environmental conditions in Muskrat Lake over the past ∼200 years. Diatom taxa indicative of mesotrophic conditions were present throughout the sedimentary record, which suggests that Muskrat Lake was moderately productive before European settlement, with conditions worsening somewhat after ca. 1920, following land clearance and agricultural development. Chironomid-inferred VWHO trends suggest that the hypolimnion was not naturally well oxygenated, but deep-water oxygen levels declined further after ca. 1900 following European settlement. After ca. 1990, changes in diatom assemblage composition were consistent with climate-mediated increases in thermal lake properties, which might have contributed to cyanobacterial dominance. Whole-lake primary production increased after ca. 1900 and peaked ca. 1960, remaining stable until ca. 2006, after which it declined. Overall, Muskrat Lake has been productive over the past ∼200 years, but the cumulative effects of changes in nutrient loading and mixing patterns should be considered in future management decisions.
Desempenho de vacas Girolando mantidas em pastejo de Tifton 85 irrigado ou sequeiro

The aim of this study was to determine the stocking rates and milk production of crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows managed under irrigated or rainfed Tifton 85 pastures in Uberaba- MG. The statistical design adopted was completely randomized blocks with three repetitions per treatment, in a 2 x 10 factorial arrangement (2 treatments and 10 seasons). The average was compared using the Scott-Knott test with 5% probability (P 0.05) for the average daily milk yield of the cows. In the irrigated system the average milk yield was 51.7 liters.ha-1.dia-1. With irrigation, a considerable intensification of the system was possible because it provided a superior stocking rate capacity compared to the rainfed system.
“I knew that I wasn’t cis, I knew that, but I didn’t know exactly”: Gender identity development, expression and affirmation in youth who access gender affirming medical care

Abstract Background: Research about gender identity development is still in its infancy, especially among youth who experience gender dysphoria and are accessing gender-affirming medical care. Aims: This article contributes to the literature on how gender identity and gender dysphoria is experienced, expressed and addressed by youth who have started, or are just about to start, a gender-affirming medical intervention. Methods: The project draws from qualitative interviews with 36 trans children and youth of different ages and stages of puberty. The data were collected in three specialized Canadian clinics that offer gender-affirming care and they were analyzed through inductive thematic analysis. Results: Two interlinked dimensions of the youth’s lives allow meaning-making of their gender identity: 1) internal or personal and 2) interactional or social processes. Careful analysis reveals three gender identity development pathways that may be taken by youth, from early questioning to the affirmation of their gender identity. A discussion of current models of gender identity development and their limitations concludes the article.
Fight for the green earth: The existence of local knowledge in agriculture

Traditional agriculture has always been taking place in rural areas. This agricultural model tends to utilize simple technology and is in accordance with local socio-cultural conditions. The traditional agricultural model is also the opposition of modern agriculture in the concept of a green environment or green earth. If modern agriculture has many negative impacts on the environment, then traditional agriculture has many positive impacts on the lives of all earthly creatures. This paper aims to reveal the actions of farmers in managing their agricultural land based on local knowledge. This research took place in three locations, namely: (1) Labuku Village, Maiwa District, Enrekang Regency, (2) Ilan Batu Village, Walenrang Barat District, Luwu Regency, (3) Segeri Village Segeri District, Pangkep Regency. The informants of this study were farmers in the three regions. Each region has 2 informants so that the total was 6 informants. The key informants are each of the traditional leaders, and village officials. Data collection using interview techniques, observation, and study of literature. Data analysis uses Three-Flow techniques namely reduction, categorization, and conclusion. The results showed that traditional farming techniques in Labuku, Ilan Batu, and Segeri Village were characterized by rain-fed rice fields, not using chemical fertilizers as plant fertilizers, rice disease repellent, and rat repellent but instead using betel leaves, betel nuts, and lime. Even so, high-quality rice is harvested once a year. The conclusion of this research is that traditional knowledge-based agriculture in the research location always uses the surrounding environment resources. Such methods directly impact on the creation of a green environment and indirectly counteract the negative impacts of modern agriculture.
Effect of Block Net Use and Time of Sampling on Backpack Electrofishing Catches in Three Kansas Reservoirs

Abstract Using backpack electrofishing in three Kansas reservoirs, we investigated the need for block nets when estimating density (fish/ha) and species diversity and determined whether time of sampling affected catch rates (fish/h) of age-0 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and age-0 Lepomis spp. and species diversity. Block nets were used to enclose or buoys were used to mark the boundaries of 149 m2 of reservoir surface area. Species richness, diversity, and density of age-0 largemouth bass and Lepomis spp. did not differ significantly between areas enclosed with block nets and areas marked with buoys, but species richness, diversity, and catch rates differed significantly between day and night sampling. Age-0 largemouth bass and Lepomis spp. catch rates, species richness, and species diversity were all significantly higher during night sampling. Our results indicate that use of block nets may not be necessary to estimate age-0 largemouth bass and Lepomis spp. densities, species richness, or divers.