Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Targeted Field Experiment: Job Search Assistance for Refugees in Jordan

We introduce an adaptive targeted treatment assignment methodology for field experiments. Our Tempered Thompson Algorithm balances the goals of maximizing the precision of treatment effect estimates and maximizing the welfare of experimental participants. A hierarchical Bayesian model allows us to adaptively target treatments. We implement our methodology in Jordan, testing policies to help Syrian refugees and local jobseekers to find work. The immediate employment impacts of a small cash grant, information and psychological support are small, but targeting raises employment by 1 percentage-point (20%). After four months, cash has a sizable effect on employment and earnings of Syrians.
A New Implementation of 16-bit Parallel Prefix Adder for High Speed and Low Area

Adders are the most common and basic building blocks in arithmetic logic units of public-key encryption systems such as RSA. The performance of a parallel prefix adder depends on the depth of logic gates and the numbers of prefix nodes for the prefix network. In this paper, a 16-bit parallel prefix adder with new prefix network for high speed and low area is proposed. A more compact data structure is applied to reduce the size of the prefix network. Hybrid radix-2 and radix-3 prefix nodes are used to reduce logic depth on the critical path of the adder, and cloning nodes are used to avoid large fan-out. Synthesis results demonstrate that this new adder is better than industry standard Synopsys Design Compiler (DC) adder, regular adders such as Kogge--Stone and Brent-Kung adders in TSMC 28 nm technology. The 16-bit new adder is 1.14 ps faster in delay and 12.216 um2 smaller in area than Synopsys DC adder.
Area-cladograms of Circum-Mediterranean taxa in relation to Mediterranean palaeogeography

Biogeographic characteristics of nine taxon- area-cladograms of various Circum-Mediterranean terres- trial animal groups are compared. Correlation with palaeo- geographic reconstructions suggests Oligocene and especially Miocene diversification within these groups. The oldest faunal elements are found in the western part of the region which dates from well before the Miocene. Origin of younger lineages is considered linked with the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene formation of a landmass which separated Tethys and Paratethys. Major divergence is hypothesized to have been achieved by subsequent vicariant and distributional events throughout the Mediter- ranean during the Miocene. The palaeo-biogeographic cor- relation results in estimates of the ages of lineages for the newt genus Triturus which largely correspond to the esti- mates obtained from various biochemical and molecular studies.
Review of isotope data for Precambrian rocks from the Disko Bugt region, West Greenland

Pb-Pb and Rb-Sr isotope data yield whole-rock isochron ages of c. 2800 Ma for two localities of granitoid rocks in the Disko Bugt region, with little evidence of strong later disturbance. Rb-Sr isotope data on Archaean metasediments from two localities, however, were strongly disturbed during the early Proterozoic. Sm-Nd whole-rock data for acid metavolcanic rocks within Archaean supracrustal sequences yield model ages of c. 2800 Ma. The early Proterozoic age of a younger sequence of supracrustal rocks (the Anap nunâ Group) is confi rmed by Sm-Nd data, and Rb-Sr whole-rock data for albitised siltstones show that albitisation took place hundreds of millions of years after the peak of early Proterozoic orogenic activity.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PROTEIN CONENTS FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS (ZYGOPHYLLACEAE) FAMAILY FOUND IN PAKISTAN

Present worked determined Total protein contents analyzed from different four medicinal plants Zygophyllaceae family growing in Sindh, Pakistan (including Tribulus terristris L, Zygophyllum simplex L., Fagonia cretica L.,and, Peganum harmala L.,from different parts of plant (i.e. flower leave, stem, root and seed) ,were subjected for the analysis of Total protein contents, seed proteins from plant for wide biotechnological applications. different parts of four plants (i.e. flower leave, stem, root and seed), Zygophyllum simplex L. was highest in seeds ranging from 26.11 %, and lowest in Roots11.10 %, Tribulus terristris L. indicated highest in seeds ranging from 23.30% and lowest in stems 9.13 %, Fagonia cretica was highest in seeds ranging from 20. 00% , and lowest in stems 8.14 % , Peganum harmala L.was highest in seeds ranging from 17. 20 % , and lowest in Roots 9.40 % as established by kjeldhal method. Protocol of ISI-24-1-e, was under of etermination of total nitrogen, which was calculated using a nitrogen conversion factor of 6.25. Therefore, the main object of the present investigation was result of different levels of total protein contents present in these medicinal plants belong to Zygophyllaceae family and also search for high quality and cheap sources of plant protein. People in developing countries depend mostly on plant protein sources to increase the ease of use proteins in their diets, seeds are a good source of high-quality proteins that could be obtain from the seed meal and use as functional ingredients in various food materials, Medicinal plants have bioactive compound which are used for remedial of different diseases and moreover play a vital role in curing. Plant foodstuff one of the most important factors that enhance plant produce. Nitrogen is the large amount in plant for its presence in the constitution of the protein molecule.
Protein Energy Relationships in the Diet of the Chick

Abstract THE REPORT of Scott et al. (1947) has stimulated a great deal of work on the utilization of high energy rations for the production of broilers. Hill and Dansky (1950) indicated a relationship between the level of protein and productive energy in the diet of chicks. These authors observed a reduced growth rate in chicks fed a diet containing less than 20% protein but high in productive energy. Normal growth was obtained when the level of productive energy was reduced. Combs and Romoser (1955) concluded that the growth rate in broilers to 7 weeks of age was not affected until more than 41.5–42.0 Calories of productive energy per pound of feed were supplied for each pound of protein. The influence of different productive energy to protein ratios upon the growth and feed efficiency of chicks has been reported by many workers. Among these, Vondell et al. (1958) concluded that …
Golgi studies of the neurons in layer I of the dorsal horn of the medulla (trigeminal nucleus caudalis)

Two kinds of pyramidal neuro ns and two kinds of multipolar neurons have been identified in layer I in the adult cat on the basis of thier dendritic morphology. The spiny pyramid emits an apical dendrite which beings dividing within 50 μm of the cell body and gives rise to an extensive dendritic arbor in which some second and third order branches extend for over 100 μm. The primary branches of the basal dendrites divide into secondary branches within 20 μm of the cell body. At each of these divisions, one daughter secondary branch will turn 180° and course in the direction of the apical dendrite. It then undergoes further branching and becomes intermingled in the apical dendritic arbor. These recurrent basal dendrites and the apical dendrites are charcterized by numerous long‐necked spines. The other secondary basal branch either courses at right angles to the apical dendrite or droops basally away from it. Many of these basal dendrites are not as robust and extensive as the other dendritic branches. They may end without further branching or when they do branch they tend to be thinner and shorter with some showing signs of stunting. Smooth pyramids differ from the spiny pyramids in several respects. Their dendritic arbors contain fewer, more widely spaced spines and are more expansive than those of the spiny pyramids. While they still send branches into the apical arbors many branches run basally away from the cell body for considerable distances to give the entire dendritic field a more circular appearance. The compact multipolar neuron is found in the inner half of layer I. The long axis of its compact dendritic arbor (∼ 50 μm wide) is oriented in the rostrocaudal axis of the layer. Most of its dendritic branches lie to one side of the cell body squeezed between the axon bundles of the inner half of layer I. The loose multipolar neuron in found throughout the layer. Its loose dendritic arbor is at least 200 μm wide and, like the spiny pyramid, gives rise to several dendrites which terminate abruptly with little branching and without much change in diameter. The dendrites of all four layer I neurons are confined within layer I and its extensions into the spinal V tract. These four layer I neurons are considered to be Golgi type I projection neurons on the basis of the morphology of their initial axonal segment. Golgi type II inteneurons are not found in layer I.
Effect of Additives on Bacillus thuringiensis for Controlling Plutella xylostella

Chemical additives have been used to enhance the activity of Bt against Plutella xylostella.  Chemicals of various groups were assessed with respect to their effect in increasing the activity of fermentative liquid of Bt. Using leaf dip bioassay, preliminary screened 82 chemical additives including inorganic salts, organic acids, aromatic compounds, protein solubilizing agents, nitrogenous compounds. The result indicated that some additives were able to increase the efficacy of Bt at certain concentration. The chemical compounds, borax, potassium carbonate, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate, calcium acetate, resorcinol, magnesium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate and ferrum (Ⅱ) sulphate were found to increase the activity of Bt by 2.7817, 2.0900, 0.9905, 0.9774, 0.4378, 0.7648, 0.7397, 0.4513, 0 5495 times, respectively.
Using the neonatal mouse model to investigate dose response and host susceptibility to Cronobacter sakazakii infections in premature infants

Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is an opportunistic pathogen that has been isolated from powdered infant formulas and can result in serious illnesses such as bacteremia, septicemia, meningitis and death in at-risk infants who are exposed to reconstituted powdered infant formulas. The purpose of our study was to describe whether neonatal mice are an appropriate animal model for C. sakazakii infection in premature infants and to evaluate the virulence and pathogenicity of C. sakazakii. The objectives were to 1) compare the susceptibilities of three mouse strains to C. sakazakii, 2) compare the virulence of three strains of C. sakazakii in neonatal mice, and 3) compare the susceptibilities of neonatal mice of different ages to C. sakazakii and identify biomarkers of infection. Neonatal mice were administered reconstituted powdered infant formula inoculated with C. sakazakii via oral gavage. On post-treatment day 7, mice were sacrificed, blood samples were collected, and brain, liver, and cecum tissues were excised and prepared for isolation of C. sakazakii. The CD-1 mouse strain was more susceptible than BALB/C or C57BL/6, with the lowest infectious dose and the lowest lethal dose (102 CFU). Two clinical strains (3290 and SK81) and one food isolate (MNW2) of C. sakazakii were tested for virulence in the mouse model. C. sakazakii strain 3290 was significantly more invasive in brains (42.1% of mice) than were strains MNW2 (6.7%) and SK81 (15.9%). Mortality was observed for all strains of C. sakazakii tested, but with a much lower rate than infection. Age of the neonate affects susceptibility to C. sakazakii infection, as C. sakazakii was isolated from brains, livers, and ceca of neonatal mice treated at PND 1.5 and 5.5 but not from those of pups treated at PND 9.5. In conclusion, neonatal mice are susceptible to oral challenge with C. sakazakii. Our findings suggest that invasiveness does not necessarily correlate with mortality among different strains of C. sakazakii, and the clinical isolates (SK81 and 3290) are more virulent than the food isolate (MNW2). Neonatal mice also show a time-dependent susceptibility to C. sakazakii infection with resistance increasing with increasing age.
Foraging Behavior of the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) in Maryland

numbers has been phenomenal (Kessel 1953; Davis 1960). Elton (1958) postulated that the Starling had found a new "feeding niche" in the United States and thus did not compete actively with native birds. It seems an equally plausible hypothesis that a species so numerous, and so capable of range expansion, has almost certainly affected the numbers and distribution of other open-ground foraging birds. Delineating the foraging behavior of the Starling would appear to be the key in measuring the importance of this species' presence to native ones, and in determining the nature and extent of suspected interactions. This paper presents the results of a study designed to provide baseline information on the foraging behaviors of this species throughout a year, as well as a more detailed analysis of foraging strategies of Starling flocks under various environmental conditions. We introduce a technique, the fixed grid, which appears generally useful for delineating the foraging strategies of open-ground feeders. A critique of this method is included.
Reply

Dear Sir, We have read with appreciation the comments of Santucci and co-workers regarding our study (1). The aim of our paper was to investigate whether other essential divalent metal ions were able to inhibit an allergic contact response to Ni2π and Co2π. In accordance with the studies of Santucci et al. (2), our combined results obtained with the human in vitro antigen induced lymphocyte proliferation, and the Freund’s complete adjuvant test in guinea pigs indicated that the chloride salts of Ca2π, Cu2π, Fe2π, Mg2π, Mn2π and Zn2π were not able to inhibit the immune response induced by the chloride salts of Ni2π and Co2π. In their letter, Santucci and co-workers express their concerns about the way we refer to his work and in particular about the possible modulating effects of the counter ion of the applied metal salts on the allergic reactions to Ni2π. Both the chloride and sulfate salts of the metals are readily dissociated in an aqueous environment at physiological pH. Therefore, we think it is justified to talk throughout the paper about the metal ions separately, instead of the undissociated metal salts. We understand that, when quoting Santucci et al. (p. 267, lines 10–14), it would have been more appropriate to specify the sulfate counter ion. However, from a second citation in the same article (p. 272, lines 50–54), it should be clear to the reader that Santucci et al. (3) studied chloride salts as well as sulfate salts of the applied metals. With respect to the mechanism of Ni2π antigen formation, it is in our opinion unlikely that the counter ion, when dissociated from the metal ions, is able to significantly influence the formation of antigenic coordination complexes of Ni2π with biomolecules in an apparent metal(Mg2π-, Mn2πand Zn2π-, but not Cd2πand Fe3π-) specific manner (3). If undissociated water-soluble salts are of any importance for the allergic reaction, would have to be studied further.
Motion Retargetting based on Dilated Convolutions and Skeleton‐specific Loss Functions

Motion retargetting refers to the process of adapting the motion of a source character to a target. This paper presents a motion retargetting model based on temporal dilated convolutions. In an unsupervised manner, the model generates realistic motions for various humanoid characters. The retargetted motions not only preserve the high‐frequency detail of the input motions but also produce natural and stable trajectories despite the skeleton size differences between the source and target. Extensive experiments are made using a 3D character motion dataset and a motion capture dataset. Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons against prior methods demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method.
Distribution of noradrenaline‐immunoreactivity in the brain of the mormyrid teleost Gnathonemus petersii

The distribution of noradrenaline‐immunoreactivity in the brain of the mormyrid fish Gnathonemus petersii was studied in order to evaluate the noradrenergic innervation of a number of specialized mormyrid brain regions, including electrosensory centers and a gigantocerebellum. Noradrenaline‐immunoreactive (NAi) neurons occur in the hypothalamic paraventricular organ (PVO), the locus coeruleus, and the caudal rhombencephalon. In the PVO, NAi cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐contacting neurons are located in the same regions where dopamine‐ and serotonin‐containing CSF contacting neurons occur. The locus coeruleus consists, on each side, of at least 30 rather large NAi neurons with ventrolaterally directed dendrites and dorsolaterally coursing axons. In the caudal rhombencephalon, NAi neurons are located in the transition region between the ventromedial motor zone and the dorsolateral sensory zone.
Influence of Trawl Geometry and Vertical Distribution of Fish on Sampling with Bottom Trawl

Studies were initiated at the Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, in 1984 with the aim of improving the reliability of bottom trawl and acoustic survey results for cod and haddock in the Barents Sea. Spread of the wings and doors and height of the trawl were measured during fishing operations, and acoustic recordings of fish densities were obtained. The observations revealed several aspects of geometry and performance of the gear that could reduce its efficiency for sampling different species and size-groups. The acoustic recordings indicated that fish density has a substantial influence on the correlation between estimates of abundance from trawl catches and from acoustic recordings. Furthermore, a day-night discrepancy of integrated acoustic fish abundance was indicated.
The Origin and Evolution of Upland Rice in Li Ethnic Communities in Hainan Province

In this study,14 accessions of upland rice(Oryza sativa L.) named Shanlan rice by Li ethnic people,69 accessions of Asian cultivated rice(Oryza sativa L.),and 110 accessions of common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon) were selected for sequencing analysis to study the origin and evolution of upland rice in Li ethnic communities in Hainan province of China.Five high mutation regions of SS Ⅱ,ITS,and Ehd1 gene from nucleus genome,the ndhC-trnV inter spacer from chloroplast genome,and cox3 gene from mitochondrial genome in rice were chosen to be sequenced.The results showed that the gene diversity of Shanlan rice was the lowest while the common wild rice was the highest and that of Asian cultivated rice was in the middle.85 percent of Shanlan upland rice was japonica.In addition,Shanlan rice had a close genetic relationship with common wild rice from Guangdong and Hunan province but not Hainan province,which inferred that Shanlan rice might be originated from common wild rice from Guangdong and Hunan province.
Nuclear DNA content and chromosome ploidy determination of sweet cherry rootstock by Flow Cytometry

【Objective】 A rapid and accurate method was developed for the identification of sweet cherry rootstock ploidy by flow cytometry in order to provide improving techniques for breeding new sweet cherry rootstocks. 【Method】The ploidy of 5 sweet cherry rootstocks including C. serrulata(Lindl), ‘Colt',‘Gisela 6', ‘Landing 1' and ‘ZY-1' were studied by flow cytometry. At the same time, the DNA content and ploidy of sweet cherry rootstock were observed by the traditional method of chromosome. 【Result】The results showed that the relative content of nuclear DNA multiplied with the increase of ploidy level. The results of two detection methods were consistent. 【Conclusion】The method of flow cytometry was simple,rapid and of high precision.
On the Fungal Flora of Iraqi Soils. II. Central Iraq

Since the beginning of this century, the fungus flora of the soil has attracted the attention of various investigators, particularly in Europe and North America. In Iraq, with huge areas of cultivated land, a knowledge of the soil flora would hold much interest. There have apparently been no previous investigations of this type in Iraq. However, many other such studies were carried out in other countries, as those of Jensen (6), Waksman (15), Paine (10), Tresner et al. (14), and Miller et al. (8) in the United States of America, Bisby et al. (2, 3) in Canada, Warcup (17), Stenton (12) and Nicholls (9) in the British Islands, Jensen (7) in Denmark, Chaudhuri and Sachar (4) in India, Sabet (11) in Egypt, and Farrow (5) in Panama and Costa Rica. These reports have provided lists of fungi occurring under diverse environments. The work here described was part of that planned by Tolba et al. (13) to constitute a survey of soil fungal flora of Iraq, which was started by a study of the fungal flora of Baghdad area (13). The present work was planned to study the soil fungal flora of Central Iraq.
Influence of propylene glycol on conception rate in cows

The aim of the study was to evaluate effect of propylene glycol (PG) drenched during the first 7 days after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) on plasma progesterone (P4) and insulin levels, and on pregnancy rate in Holstein cows in summer. Ovsynch program was performed in 40 healthy Holstein cows. Cows were distributed randomly into two groups as propylene glycol (group PG) (20) and control group (group C) (20). Group PG and group C were daily administered with 500 ml of PG and water , respectively for 7 days from day 0 to 7 post insemination. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out 60 days after insemination via rectal examination. Cows exposed to moderate heat stress due to temperature-humidity index (74.4 ± 1.9 mean THI). Conception rate for cows in group PG increased 2.9 fold when was compared with group C. On day 7, the insulin levels were higher in group PG than group C. It was concluded that PG administered once daily from day 0 to 7 after FTAI increased insulin and P4 concentrations and the conception rate in Holstein cows. The rise in insulin and P4 levels depending on the drenched PC are likely related with the increases of conception rate.