Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Voices of Female Sexual Assault Survivors: Striving for Survivor-Centered Reporting Processes in the U.S. Criminal Justice System

In the present qualitative study, we analyzed voices of female sexual assault survivors to enhance the survivor-centered framework. We reviewed over 1,000 comments from a survey asking participants to share experiences following their sexual assault. Participants were 460 female survivors, including 163 reporters (those who reported their sexual assault to police officers) and 297 nonreporters. We identified four core themes (safety, empowerment and choice, collaboration, and explanation of procedures) as desired characteristics for the five key response personnel groups: patrol officers, detectives, sexual assault forensic examiner nurses, State's Attorney's Office staff, and victim advocates. We identified the strengths and weaknesses of each group based on the shared experiences of culturally marginalized and nonmarginalized reporters. A general free-text question answered by participants reflected on the four core themes, but also stressed the need for multiple layers of intervention in responding to sexual assault, as seen in two secondary themes (extra support and systemic change). Nonreporters also stressed barriers to reporting and regrets about not reporting. The power of survivors’ narratives can be used to guide the criminal justice system to uphold a truly survivor-centered approach. The complexities of gender and power inequality between the perpetrators, survivors, and response personnel should also be addressed.
Gradient descent with nonconvex constraints: local concavity determines convergence

Many problems in high-dimensional statistics and optimization involve minimization over nonconvex constraints-for instance, a rank constraint for a matrix estimation problem-but little is known about the theoretical properties of such optimization problems for a general nonconvex constraint set. In this paper we study the interplay between the geometric properties of the constraint set and the convergence behavior of gradient descent for minimization over this set. We develop the notion of local concavity coefficients of the constraint set, measuring the extent to which convexity is violated, which govern the behavior of projected gradient descent over this set. We demonstrate the versatility of these concavity coefficients by computing them for a range of problems in low-rank estimation, sparse estimation, and other examples. Through our understanding of the role of these geometric properties in optimization, we then provide a convergence analysis when projections are calculated only approximately, leading to a more efficient method for projected gradient descent in low-rank estimation problems.
Conductivity of the disordered linear chain

The authors develop a fast algorithm for evaluating the Kubo formula for the conductivity of a linear chain, and use it to study the dependence of the conductivity as a function of imaginary frequency. The results for the Anderson model with different degrees of disorder and different energies can all be scaled onto the same curve, which is of the form expected from the theory of localised states. The universal curve obtained provides a simple connection between tight-binding model results and the conductivity which can be calculated for an electron in a white noise potential. Similar, but not identical, results are obtained for tight-binding chains with a Cauchy distribution of site energies.
Inverse spectral problems for Sturm–Liouville operators on graphs

Sturm–Liouville differential operators on compact graphs without cycles (i.e. on trees) are studied. We establish properties of the spectral characteristics and investigate two inverse problems of recovering the operator from the so-called Weyl functions and from a system of spectra. For these inverse problems, we prove the uniqueness theorems and obtain a procedure for constructing the solution by the method of spectral mappings.
A lipschitz stable determination of a vector field in a non-self-adjoint dynamical Schr\"odinger equation on Riemannian manifolds

This paper deals with an inverse problem for a non-self-adjoint Schr\"odinger equation on a compact Riemannian manifold. Our goal is to stably determine a real vector field from the dynamical Dirichlet-to Neumann map. We establish in dimension n greater than 2, an H\"older type stability estimate for the inverse problem under study. The proof is mainly based on the reduction to an equivalent problem for an electro-magnetic Schr\"odinger equation and the use of a Carleman estimate designed for elliptic operators.
Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in Diabetes: A Narrative Review

Abstract Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are less-known risk factors for the development and suboptimal outcomes of diabetes. The goal of this narrative review is to highlight the importance of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances in the development and outcomes of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), assess current treatment options and the possible mediating mechanisms. We performed a literature search using PubMed and selected relevant English and Dutch papers. Disturbances of sleep and circadian rhythm are common in people with diabetes. They are associated with an increased risk of developing T2D as well as with suboptimal diabetes outcomes (including higher HbA1c levels and reduced quality of life) for T1D and T2D. Preliminary data suggest that treatment of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances could improve diabetes outcomes in people with T1D and T2D. Finally, the association with medical parameters appears to be mediated by disturbance in hormones, and by suboptimal self-care including forgetting or postponing glucose monitoring or medication use as well as higher consumption of high fat/high sugary foods. Diabetes may also disturb sleep, for example through nocturnal hypoglycemia and nocturia. We concluded that sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are closely linked with diabetes. More attention to sleep in regular diabetes care is warranted, while further research is needed on treatment of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances in the prevention of diabetes and its suboptimal outcomes.
The provenance of Avalonia and its tectonic implications: a critical reappraisal

The late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian interval is characterized by global-scale orogenesis, rapid continental growth, and profound changes in Earth systems. Orogenic activity involved continental collisions spanning more than 100 million years, culminating in Gondwana amalgamation. Avalonia is an example of arc magmatism and accretionary tectonics as subduction zones re-located to Gondwana's periphery in the aftermath of those collisions, and its evolution provides significant constraints for global reconstructions. Comprising late Neoproterozoic (ca. 650-570 Ma) arc-related magmatic and metasedimentary rocks, Avalonia is defined as a composite terrane by its latest Ediacaran-Ordovician overstep sequence; a distinctive, siliciclastic-dominated cover bearing “Acado-Baltic” fauna. This definition implies Neoproterozoic Avalonia may consist of several terranes, and so precise paleomagnetic or provenance determination in one locality need not apply to all. On the basis of detrital zircon and Nd isotopic data, Avalonia and other lithotectonically-related terranes such as Cadomia, have long been thought to have resided along the Amazonian-West African margin of Gondwana between ∼650-500 Ma, Avalonia connected to Amazonia, and Cadomia to West Africa. These interpretations have constrained Paleozoic reconstructions; many imply the departure of several peri-Gondwanan terranes led to the Early Paleozoic development of the Rheic Ocean whose subsequent demise in the late Paleozoic led to Pangea amalgamation. Since these ideas were proposed, several new lines of evidence have challenged the Amazonian affinity of Avalonia. First, there is evidence that some Avalonian terranes may have been “peri-Baltican” during the Neoproterozoic. Baltica was originally excluded as a potential source for Avalonia because, unlike Amazonia, arc-related Neoproterozoic rocks were not documented. However, subsequent recognition of Ediacaran arc-related sequences in the Timanides of northeastern Baltica invalidates this assumption. Second, detailed paleontological and lithostratigraphic studies have been interpreted to reflect an insular Avalonia, well removed from either Gondwana or Baltica during the Ediacaran and early Cambrian. Third, recent paleomagnetic data have raised the possibility of an ocean (Clymene Ocean) between Amazonia and West Africa in the late Neoproterozoic, thereby challenging conventional reconstructions that show the “peri-Gondwanan” terranes as a contiguous belt straddling the suture zone between these cratons. In this contribution, we critically re-evaluate the provenance of the so-called “peri-Gondwanan” terranes, the contiguity of the so-called “Avalonian-Cadomian” belt, and the validity of the various plate tectonic models based on the traditional interpretation of these terranes. In addition, we draw attention to critical uncertainties and the challenges that lie ahead.
Are Sustainability Indices Infected by the Volatility of Stock Indices? Analysis before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic

Considering the growing importance of sustainable investments worldwide, we explore the volatility transmission effects between the EURO STOXX Sustainability Index and the stock market indexes of its stocks. Using daily index return data, during 2000–2022, covering the COVID-19 pandemic, Multivariate Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (MGARCH) models are used to explore if volatility effects of the stock indices felt during the pandemic implied any evolution in the effects already felt between the volatilities existing in these stock indices and the effects of stock market indices’ volatility over the sustainability index. Results point to the great dependence that the sustainability index has on stock index movements. The volatility felt in stock indices during the pandemic period did not become decisive in reversing a previous correlation trajectory between the stock market and sustainability indexes. Provided that sustainability is not observed exclusively in financial and economic terms, but in a triple bottom line context (including the social and environmental sides), we should not verify a high influence of stock market indexes over the sustainability index, as the results point out. Policymakers and investors should be aware of the high influence and take measures to turn the sustainability index more independent.
Two‐phase flow analysis of self‐similar turbulent mixing by Rayleigh–Taylor instability

The evolution of a randomly perturbed interface between unbounded incompressible fluids undergoing Rayleigh–Taylor instability is analyzed numerically and theoretically. Two‐dimensional simulation results, obtained with an interface tracking code, are presented and compared with a theoretical model based on Young’s two‐phase flow description of the mixing process. The simplifications implied by self‐similarity and by high drag enable simple analytic results to be obtained for the profiles of the average volume fractions and velocities of the two materials as a function of penetration depth. Agreement of the analytic results with the simulation data is demonstrated for a wide range of density ratios.
AutoInfer: Self-Driving Management for Resource-Efficient, SLO-Aware Machine=Learning Inference in GPU Clusters

As Internet of Things (IoT) keeps growing, IoT-side intelligence services, such as intelligent personal assistant, healthcare surveillance, and smart home service, offload more and more complex machine-learning (ML) inference workloads to cloud clusters. GPUs have been widely adopted to accelerate the execution of these ML inference workloads. However, current cluster management systems guarantee low tail latency for ML inferences using resource over-provisioning and small batch sizes, resulting in a serious waste of GPU resources and increasing the service costs greatly. To mitigate poor GPU utilization, we present AutoInfer, a self-driving cluster management system for ML inference serving in GPU clusters, where users express only the latency and accuracy requirements for their workloads without needing to specify the model variant, GPU provisioning strategy, and batching mechanism. AutoInfer extends the matrix factorization model to automatically recommend model variants for each new incoming ML inference workload with respect to latency and accuracy requirements, by identifying similarities to previously scheduled workloads. During runtime, AutoInfer leverages online telemetry data and deep reinforcement learning to adaptively adjust the GPU allocation and batch size to account for load variations while minimizing the effects on tail latency service level objectives (SLOs). Testbed experiments show that AutoInfer is able to improve the average GPU utilization by up to 77% and keep the tail latency SLO violations under 5.5%.
Phylogenomic inference of two widespread European leaf miner species complexes suggests mechanisms for sympatric speciation (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae: Ectoedemia)

Leafmining insects have extraordinarily intimate relationships with their host plants and are therefore prime candidates for potential ecological speciation in sympatry, but how commonly this mode of speciation occurs in any group of life remains debated. Prior research on the pygmy moth (Nepticulidae) genus Ectoedemia using morphology, DNA barcoding, and multi‐marker phylogenetic approaches left two unresolved species complexes, each with each four described species. In this study, we thoroughly sampled each complex across a range of host plants and localities across Europe. We used a double digest restriction‐site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing approach to clarify species boundaries. In the E. rubivora complex, ddRAD data resolved all four species, contrary to morphological and COI data, which supports a potential scenario of host plant‐driven speciation where the host plant specialization provides an ecological barrier to hybridization. However, we found no indication of host race formation within the oligophagous E. atricollis (Stainton). In the E. subbimaculella complex, SNP data only partly distinguishes between the parapatric E. subbimaculella (Haworth) and E. heringi (Toll), but with some statistical overlap, suggesting incomplete lineage sorting which may represent early phases of host‐based ecological speciation, or admixture following a period of isolation.
A sharp Sobolev trace inequality involving the mean curvature on Riemannian manifolds

In this paper, we examine the boundary $L^2$ term of the sharp Sobolev trace inequality $\|u\|_{L^{q}(\pa M)}^2\leq S \|\nabla_g u\|_{L^2(M)}^2 +A(M,g)\|u\|^2_{L^2(\pa M)}$ on Riemannian manifolds $(M,g)$ with boundaries $\pa M$, where $q=\frac{2(n-1)}{n-2}$, $S$ is the best constant and $A(M,g)$ is some positive constant depending only on $M$ and $g$. We obtain a sharp trace inequality involving the mean curvature in a remainder term, which would fail in general once the mean curvature is replaced by any smaller function.
A Novel Adaptive Zero Velocity Detection Algorithm Based on Improved General Likelihood Ratio Test Detector

The zero-velocity update (ZUPT) method is an effective technique, which has been widely used in low-cost foot-mounted inertial navigation systems. It can mitigate the accumulated error by using the fact that, when the foot is stationary, the velocity should be zero. However, it is hard to detect the zero-velocity phases (ZVPs) correctly in various motion modes. To deal with this problem, a novel adaptive zero velocity detection algorithm based on an improved general likelihood ratio test (IGLRT) detector is proposed. The prior knowledge of the proposed IGLRT detector is the minima output value of inertial sensors, which is determined by an improved peak-valley detection method, while the prior knowledge of the traditional general likelihood ratio test (GLRT) method is based on the hypothesis that, when the foot is stationary, the magnitude of angular rates is zero, and the magnitude of accelerometers is equal to the magnitude of gravitation. Also, an adaptive method is proposed to enhance the robustness of the IGLRT, where the thresholds of IGLRT can be adjusted adaptively according to the amplitude of accelerometers. Field tests show that the proposed algorithm performs better than conventional and state-of-the-art approaches in mixed motion modes.
Controlled type-I-type-II transition in GaAs/AlAs/AlxGa1-xAs double-barrier quantum wells

We show that the insertion of extremely narrow AlAs layers in double-barrier GaAs/AlAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells results in a variety of electronic configurations, thus providing a powerful tool for tailoring the electronic transitions in GaAs heterostructures. In particular, the transition from type-I to type-II recombination is shown to occur in correspondence with variations by a single monolayer in the thickness of the AlAs and/or GaAs layers. Drastic changes in the recombination lifetimes are correspondingly observed; at the same time, the photoluminescence efficiency is found to be almost independent of the type-I–type-II character of the transition.
Are all Secant Varieties of Segre Products Arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay?

When present, the Cohen-Macaulay property can be useful for finding the minimal defining equations of an algebraic variety. It is conjectured that all secant varieties of Segre products of projective spaces are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. A summary of the known cases where the conjecture is true is given. An inductive procedure based on the work of Landsberg and Weyman (LW-lifting) is described and used to obtain resolutions of orbits of secant varieties from those of smaller secant varieties. A new computation of the minimal free resolution of the variety of border rank 4 tensors of format $3 \times 3 \times 4$ is given together with its equivariant presentation. LW-lifting is used to prove several cases where secant varieties are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay and arithmetically Gorenstein.
Moduli of weighted stable elliptic surfaces and invariance of log plurigenera

Motivated by Hassett's weighted pointed stable curves, we use the log minimal model program to construct compact moduli spaces parameterizing weighted stable elliptic surfaces — elliptic fibrations with section and marked fibers each weighted between zero and one. Moreover, we show that the domain of weights admits a wall and chamber structure, describe the induced wall‐crossing morphisms on the moduli spaces as the weight vector varies, and describe the surfaces that appear on the boundary of the moduli space. The main technical result is a proof of invariance of log plurigenera for slc elliptic surface pairs with arbitrary weights.
Finite volume integrated surface‐subsurface flow modeling on nonorthogonal grids

In this paper, we present an innovative finite volume surface‐subsurface integrated flow model on nonorthogonal grids. The shallow water equation with diffusion wave approximation is used to formulate the surface flow system, while the Richards' equation is used to formulate the saturated‐unsaturated subsurface flow system. These two flow systems are discretized using a finite volume method and are then coupled by enforcing the continuity of pressure and flux at the surface‐subsurface interface, which does not require unphysical parameters such as the interface permeability and thickness. The numerical instability caused by enforcing the continuity of pressure and flux at the interface is resolved using a cell‐centered finite volume discretization. The coupled systems are solved simultaneously by the Newton iterative method. A battery of benchmark analyses and laboratory experiments verify the proposed model's superior performance relative to existing models. Two numerical experiments over irregular terrain show that the nonorthogonal grids and diffusive wave approximation used in the proposed model accurately represent the interaction between surface and subsurface flows for irregular topographies. In particular, they capture the significant topographical effects on runoff discharges, especially where gentle slopes are involved.
Partner choice does not predict prosociality across countries

Abstract Abstract Why does human prosociality vary around the world? Evolutionary models and laboratory experiments suggest that possibilities for partner choice (i.e. the ability to leave unprofitable relationships and strike up new ones) should promote cooperation across human societies. Leveraging the Global Preferences Survey (n = 27,125; 27 countries) and the World Values Survey (n = 54,728; 32 countries), we test this theory by estimating the associations between relational mobility, a socioecological measure of partner choice, and a wide variety of prosocial attitudes and behaviours, including impersonal altruism, reciprocity, trust, collective action and moral judgements of antisocial behaviour. Contrary to our pre-registered predictions, we found little evidence that partner choice is related to prosociality across countries. After controlling for shared causes of relational mobility and prosociality – environmental harshness, subsistence style and geographic and linguistic proximity – we found that only altruism and trust in people from another religion are positively related to relational mobility. We did not find positive relationships between relational mobility and reciprocity, generalised trust, collective action or moral judgements. These findings challenge evolutionary theories of human cooperation which emphasise partner choice as a key explanatory mechanism, and highlight the need to generalise models and experiments to global samples.
Stochastic ranking process with time dependent intensities

We consider the stochastic ranking process with space-time dependent jump rates for the particles. The process is a simplified model of the time evolution of the rankings such as sales ranks at online bookstores. We prove that the joint empirical distribution of jump rate and scaled position converges almost surely to a deterministic distribution, and also the tagged particle processes converge almost surely, in the infinite particle limit. The limit distribution is characterized by a system of inviscid Burgers-like integral-partial differential equations with evaporation terms, and the limit process of a tagged particle is a motion along a characteristic curve of the differential equations except at its Poisson times of jumps to the origin. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 60K35; Secondary 35C05, 82C22.
Simulation of ENSO in the New NCEP Coupled Forecast System Model (CFS03)

Abstract A new global coupled atmosphere–ocean forecast system model (CFS03) has recently been developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The new coupled model consists of a T62L64 version of the operational NCEP Atmospheric Global Forecast System model and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Modular Ocean Model version 3, and is expected to replace the current NCEP operational coupled seasonal forecast model. This study assesses the performance of the new coupled model in simulating El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is considered to be a desirable feature for models used for seasonal prediction. The diagnoses indicate that the new coupled model simulates ENSO variability with realistic frequency. The amplitude of the simulated ENSO is similar to that of the observed strong events, but the ENSO events in the simulation occur more regularly than in observations. The model correctly simulates the observed ENSO seasonal phase locking with the peak amplitude near the.