Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wars and Whales: Extensions and Applications of Confidence Curves and Focused Model Selection

Suppose observations y1, . , yn stem from a parametric model f (y, θ ), with the parameter taking one value θL for y1, . , yτ and another value θR for yτ+1, . , yn. This article provides and examines two different general strategies for not merely estimating the break point τ but also to complement such an estimate with full confidence distributions, both for the change-point τ and for associatedmeasures of differences between the two levels of θ . The first idea worked with involves testing homogeneity for the two segments to the left and the right of a candidate change-point value at a fine-tuned level of significance. Carrying out such a scheme requires having a goodness-of-fit test for constancy of the θ parameter over a segment of indices, and we also develop classes of such tests. These also have some independent interest. The second generalmethod uses the log-likelihood function, profiled over the other parameters, and we show how this may lead to confidence inference for τ . Our methods are illustrated for four real data stories, with these meeting different types of challenges. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN CA MElUS DROMEDARIES IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF AFAR NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, NORTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA Authors:

Camel trypanosomosis or surra, is a life-threatening disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, with negative impacts on health, Production and working efficiency of camels in different camelrearing areas of the world including Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2016 to May 2017 with the aim of estimating the prevalence of camel trypanosomiasis (surra) and assessing of associated risk factors in Dubti and Asayita districts of Afar region, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from randomly selected 200 camels. Wet film blood smears and Giemsa-stain were used for the detection of trypanosomes. Out of 200 examined camels, 9(4.5%) were positive for Trypanosoma evansi. The higher prevalence of the disease was recorded in Dubti (6.97%) than in Asayita (2.63%). Camels at the age of > 4 years were encountered highest infection (7.47%), followed by <4 years old camels (1.07%), respectively. According to logistic regression analysis, previously aborted camels were found at high risk (p= 0.698; OR=5.11, 95% CI = 1.17422.317). The Chi-square analysis showed that, there was no statistically significant difference between body condition categories and herd size of camels with the occurrence of the disease (X=3.839; p=0.147 ,) and (X=0.718; p= 0.698) respectively. The mean PCV was lower (20.8%) in anemic animal as compared to non-anemic animals (27.4%). The result of this study revealed that camel trypanosomosis was prevalent in the study area. Thus, designing of the control and prevention strategies with further identifying risk factors is desirable.
THE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS HERBAL INFUSION IN DRINKING WATER ON BROILER PERFORMANCE AND INTESTINAL MICROFLORA STATUS

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbal infused water on the performance of broiler and intestinal microbial population characteristics. Two hundred and eighty (n=280) one day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven groups of forty (40) chicks. Each group was further divided into four replicates. Two culinary seeds and a medicinal herb was selected as water supplement additives and 5% w/v infusion was prepared and added @ 20 and 40 ml/L of the drinking water, respectively. The seventh group was treated as control and offered plain water. Isonitrogenous and isocaloric feed was offered to all the treatment groups and water was provided ad libitum. The broiler production indices, relative organ weights and microbial counts were observed. It was observed that the performance indices significantly (P<0.05) improved by the infused supplements. No significant (P>0.05) difference in relative weight of the intestine was observed. Supplementation of infused water altered the intestinal microbial counts (P<0.5).
Genetic Variation of Growth and Disease Resistance Traits in Open-Pollinated Provenance-Progeny Trials of Falcataria moluccana Growing on Two Rust-Affected Sites at Age-18 months

Two Falcataria moluccana (sengon) progeny trials, incorporating 100 different families from 12 provenances growing on two highly gall rust (Uromycladium falcatarium) prone sites were used to estimate genetic parameters and potentially identify rust-resistant material. The analysis was performed to assess provenance- and family-level survival, rust incidence, and growth at the two progeny trials. Height, diameter, survival, and rust incidence was measured at two progeny trials at 18 months-of-age located at Jember and Lumajang, East Java. Rust incidence at the two trial sites was severe, with only 39% overall survival (35% and 43% at Jember and Lumajang, respectively). The analysis revealed significant genetic variation at the provenance level for survival, rust incidence, and growth. No statistically meaningful narrow-sense heritability of these traits was indicated, though this is probably reflective of the inadequate within-family replication and effects associated with uneven stocking resulting from rust-induced mortality. The significant genotype-by-environment (provenance-by-site) interaction was also indicated, though the performance of some of the best- and worst-performing provenances was relatively stable, allowing recommendations of suitable provenances for further testing on rust-prone sites.
A new scale for measuring Frugal Innovation: The first stage of development of a measurement tool

In both academia and the press, Frugal Innovation has been gaining more space and attention from researchers and managers, mainly for showing itself as an alternative for competitiveness in times of crisis and increasingly scarce resources. Despite the growing number of published articles on Frugal Innovation, there are still a lack of instruments that allow the measurement and quantification of this phenomenon in order to allow more precise and quantifiable studies to be carried out. The objective of this study is to propose a measurement instrument for Frugal Innovation, presenting the preliminary results of the first steps in the process of scale development. A broad review of the literature is presented, as well as an analysis of the construct dimensionality and a definition for Frugal Innovation are proposed. Data were collected from 191 Brazilian companies and through the Factorial Exploratory Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory (CFA), a second order scale formed by three dimensions and composed by 9 items is presented in this first phase, together with the adjustment of all statistical indices. Another collecting data was realized with 247 Brazilians firms, and another two surveys are running currently with 500 Americans and Mexicans firms for final validation of this scale.
OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS OF FDM PART FOR MINIMIIZING ITS DIMENSIONAL INACCURACY

MINIMIIZING ITS DIMENSIONAL INACCURACY AZHAR EQUBAL , ANOOP KUMAR SOOD , ABDUL RAZZAQUE ANSARI 3 & MD. ASIF EQUBAL 4 Ph.D Scholar, Department of Manufacturing Engineeri ng, National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology, Hatia, Ranchi, India Associate Professor, Department of Manufacturing En ineering, National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology, Hatia, Ranchi, India Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engin eering, Cambridge Institute of Technology, Tatisilwai, Ranchi, India ABSTRACT
Classification of Indian Meteorological Data Using Data Mining Functionalities

Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric scienceswhich includes atmospheric chemistry and Meteorological fact atmospheric physics, with a major focus on forecasting’spertaining to the atmosphere, such as wind, temperature, airdensity,and other phenomena that affect militaryoperations, Agriculture crop yield, Human health, and other Animals. Weather and climate: There is often confusion between weather and climate. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time, whereas climate refers to the weather pattern (statistics) of a place over a long period, long enough to yield meaningful averages. Meteorology studies weather, while climatology studies climate; both are atmospheric sciences. Classification of the future values by analyzing meteorological data is one of the important parts which can be helpful to the Agriculture, society as well as to the economy. Estimates of these values at a specific time of day, from daytime and daily profiles, are needed for a number of environmental, ecological, agricultural and technical applications, ranging from natural hazards assessments, crop growth forecasting to design of solar energy systems. Work has been done in this constrain since years. This paper is discussing the application of different data mining techniques applied in various ways to predict or to associate or to classify or to cluster the pattern of meteorologicaldata.
Son Preference, Gender Discrimination, and Missing Girls in Rural Spain, 1750–1950

espanolUtilizando microdatos longitudinales pertenecientes a una zona rural espanola entre 1750 y 1950 (casi 35,000 trayectorias vitales), este articulo muestra que conductas discriminatorias influyeron en las tasas de mortalidad infantil por sexo. Aunque es muy probable que las familias discriminaran a las ninas durante el primer ano de vida, el exceso de mortalidad femenina es especialmente visible en el grupo de edad comprendido entre 1-5 anos. En este sentido, mientras la lactancia parece haber mitigado temporalmente los efectos de la discriminacion de genero, las tasas de mortalidadpor sexo se comportaron de forma marcadamente distinta despues del destete. Estas familias por tanto priorizaron a los ninos durante la infancia en terminos de alimentos o cuidados con el objetivo de incrementar sus posibilidades de supervivencia. EnglishRelying on longitudinal micro data from a Spanish rural region between 1750 and 1950 (almost 35,000 life courses), this article evidences that discriminatory practices affected sex-specific mortality during infancy and childhood. Although it is likely that families also discriminated girls during the first year of life, the female excess mortality was especially visible in the 1-5 age-group. In this regard, while breastfeeding seemed to have temporarily mitigated the effects of gender discrimination, sex-specific mortality rates behaved markedly different once children were weaned. Parents therefore prioritised boys during infancy and childhood in the allocation of food and/or care in order to enhance their survival chances.
Variational Information Diffusion for Probabilistic Cascades Prediction

Understanding in-network information diffusion is a fundamental problem in many application domains and one of the primary challenges is to predict the size of the information cascade. Most of the existing models rely either on hypothesized point process (e.g., Poisson and Hawkes process), or simply predict the information propagation via deep neural networks. However, they fail to simultaneously capture the underlying structure of a cascade graph and the propagation of uncertainty in the diffusion, which may result in unsatisfactory prediction performance.To address these, in this work we propose a novel probabilistic cascade prediction framework: Variational Cascade (VaCas) graph learning networks. VaCas allows a non-linear information diffusion inference and models the information diffusion process by learning the latent representation of both the structural and temporal information. It is a pattern-agnostic model leveraging variational inference to learn the node-level and cascade-level latent factors in an unsupervised manner. In addition, VaCas is capable of capturing both the cascade representation uncertainty and node infection uncertainty, while enabling hierarchical pattern learning of information diffusion. Extensive experiments conducted on real-world datasets demonstrate that VaCas significantly improves the prediction accuracy, compared to state-of-the-art approaches, while also enabling interpretability.
Niche compression intensifies competition between reintroduced American martens (Martes americana) and fishers (Pekania pennanti)

Carnivores exhibit strong interspecific competition and partition niche axes to minimize agonistic interactions. Niche partitioning, though, is contingent upon resource heterogeneity, and recent landscape homogenization may limit the abilities of carnivores to partition niche space. The negative fitness consequences associated with niche overlap may be particularly problematic for repatriating carnivores, and could delay the recovery of rare or endangered species. American martens (Martes americana) and fishers (Pekania pennanti) are the most commonly translocated carnivores in North America and both were reintroduced to a highly modified landscape in Wisconsin, United States. To date, fishers have flourished while martens remain endangered. To assess the role of competition in marten recovery, we used a combination of occupancy modeling, point pattern analyses, and stable isotope analyses to assess 5 coexistence mechanisms: spatial segregation, dietary segregation, temporal avoidance, and differential use of habitat and snow features. Over 7 years, we observed consistently high fisher occupancy and consistently low marten occupancy. Moreover, martens and fishers overlapped in their use of space and time, and neither exhibited habitat preferences. Isotopic analyses revealed complete dietary overlap, with martens falling entirely within the isotopic niche of fishers. Deep, uncompressed snow, however, had a negative effect on fisher activity. We propose that extensive landscape homogenization has resulted in niche compression and that marten recovery has been limited by increased competition with fishers. Restoration programs often overlook competitive interactions, but our results emphasize the importance of interspecific competition for recovering carnivore populations and highlight the challenge of reconstructing carnivore communities in increasingly homogenized landscapes.
Biophysical Approaches to Human Genetic Disease: ADSL Deficiency as a Model

Biophysical tools are becoming more useful in approaching human genetic disease. The pathogenic mechanisms behind many disorders have been attributed to protein loss of function or gain in toxic function. For example, changes in the protein Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) lead to ADSL deficiency, a disorder that causes symptoms ranging from epilepsy to expression of autistic features. Biophysics offers different tools to study intrinsic properties of proteins. We have applied such tools to study the enzyme kinetics and protein stability of ADSL and two mutations (R426H and R303C) to formulate better hypotheses regarding the pathogenic mechanism. Enzyme kinetic findings indicate a) non-linear dependences of the activities on the substrate ratios due to competitive binding and b) distinct differences in the behaviors of the different mutations. Preliminary stability measurements indicate a) there is an intermediate state in the folding pathway and a fourth state is necessary for modeling, b) R426H, a mutation that causes severe phenotypes, is less stable, c) there is no evidence of a gain in toxic function for either mutation. This complete work supports our hypothesis that there are multiple mechanisms of pathogenesis of ADSL deficiency including instability of the functional ADSL tetramer, aggregation of ADSL, or diminution of enzyme activity. The signif-
Hesitation Phenomena In Sp

This paper will present an acoustic investigation concerning the spoken Italian realized by the map task and the game of differences method. By means of the spectrographic analysis the formant values of vocalizations, of the vocalic lengthenings and of the stressed and unstressed vowels were obtained for each of the eight examined speakers. In addition a few short considerations on the different tone level of such hesitation phenomena with respect to the phrasal intonative contour will be given.
Imperial-TP-AT-2007-2 Strong-coupling expansion of cusp anomaly and gluon amplitudes from quantum open strings in AdS 5 × S 5

An important “observable” of planar N = 4 SYM theory is the scaling function f(λ) that appears in the anomalous dimension of large spin twist 2 operators and also in the cusp anomaly of light-like Wilson loop. The non-trivial relation between the anomalous dimension and the Wilson loop interpretations of f(λ) is well-understood on the perturbative gauge theory side of the AdS/CFT duality. In the first part of this paper we present the dual string-theory counterpart of this relation, i.e. the equivalence between the closed-string and the open-string origins of f(λ). We argue that the coefficient of the logS term in the energy of the closed string with large spin S in AdS5 should be equal to the coefficient in the logarithm of expectation value of the null cusp Wilson loop, to all orders in λ−1/2 expansion. The reason is that the corresponding minimal surfaces happen to be related by a conformal transformation (and an analytic continuation). As a check, we explicitly compute the leading 1-loop string sigma model correction to the cusp Wilson loop, reproducing the same subleading coefficient in f(λ) as found earlier in the spinning closed string case. The same function f(λ) appears also in the resummed form of the 4-gluon amplitude as discussed at weak coupling by Bern, Dixon and Smirnov and recently found at the leading order at strong coupling by Alday and Maldacena (AM). Here we attempt to extend the latter approach to a subleading order in λ−1/2 by computing the IR singular part of the 1-loop string correction to the corresponding T-dual Wilson loop. We discuss explicitly the 1-cusp case and comment on apparent problems with the dimensional regularization proposal of AM when directly applied order by order in strong coupling (string inverse tension) expansion. markru@purdue.edu radu@phys.psu. edu tirziu@mps.ohio-state.edu Also at Lebedev Institute, Moscow. tseytlin@imperial.ac. uk
Nanostructured Surfaces for Controlling Absorption and Thermal Radiation

In this thesis the reflectance of ultra-sharp periodic groove arrays in a gold surface is studied for a general direction of light incidence. This includes the case of incident light propagating along the grooves. These structures are interesting due to their tunable absorption selective properties, which make them promising candidates in various methods of renewable energy production such as thermophotovoltaics and concentrated solar power. Two efficient numerical modelling approaches are presented, namely a simple and approximate stack matrix method that uses the mode-index of gap-plasmon polaritons (G-SPP’s) as an effective index, and a rigorous Green’s Function Surface Integral Equation Method (GFSIEM). The results of the highly simple stack matrix method show remarkable similarity to the exact results obtained with the rigorous GFSIEM, which reinforces the idea that the physics of light absorption in such structures is dominated by the coupling of light into plasmons. Danish Abstract I denne afhandling undersøges reflektansen af ultraskarpe periodiske rillestrukturer i en guldoverflade for en generel indfaldsvinkel af lys. Dette inkluderer situationen, hvor lyset propagerer langs rillerne. Disse strukturer er interessante grundet deres kontrollerbare absorptionsegenskaber, som gør dem til attraktive materialer til brug i forskellige metoder til produktion af vedvarende energi såsom thermophotovoltaics og koncentreret solenergi. To effektive numeriske metoder præsenteres: en simpel og tilnærmet lag-matrice-metode, der bruger mode-indekset for gap-plasmoner (G-SPP’er) som et effektivt brydningsindeks, og en grundig Greens-funktions Overflade-integrale-lignings-metode (GFSIEM). Resultaterne af den simple lag-matrice-metode viser bemærkelsesværdige ligheder med de præcise resultater opnået med den nøjagtige GFSIEM, hvilket forstærker idéen om, at fysikken bag absorptionen af lys i sådanne strukturer domineres af koblingen af lys til plasmoner. Concluded June 4, 2014 Number of pages: 74 (82) Number of appendices: 3
Ramapithecus and Hominid Origins ' by Milford

ACCORDING TO THE BACONIAN (i.e., inductivist) view of how science proceeds, the changing interpretations of Ramapithecus over the last two decades should reflect a shifting data base. As more data have been recovered, presumably the hypotheses regarding their interpretation have correspondingly changed to encompass a more complete (and more revealing) data set. Because it has been contended at various times that Ramapithecus is the earliest hominid,2 these changing interpretations should have resulted in different heories of homind origins. In this paper, I argue that this does not describe what has actually happened. Instead, it has been shifting hypotheses that have altered the interpretation of the data base. The shifting hypotheses have been about hominid origins and not about Ranzapithecus at all, because by and large the importance of Ramapithecus has historically been in the claim that it represents the earliest hominid. This argument is very Popperian in that it regards the interpretation of data as a consequence of theoretical framework and the function of new data recovery mainly as a potential refutation of current hypotheses (Wolpoff 1976b, 1978). Unlike Popper (1957), or at least the interpretations that have been given to his works (Halstead 1980, but see Popper 1980), I regard evolutionary theory as a falsifiable scientific theory, and specific evolutionary hypotheses such as those concerning hominid origins as scientific hypotheses because they are potentially refutable. The changing interpretations of Ramapithecus reflect just such a series of refutations. Thus, whether or not Ramapithecus is a hominid, a hominid ancestor, or a collateral branch to the hominids, it is my contention that a complex interplay of theory, analysis and interpretation, and accumulating discoveries has wedded the interpretation of Ramapithecus to the problem of human origins.
Characterisation of the phenotypes associated with body growth and egg production in local chickens from three agro-climatic zones of Kenya

We aimed to characterize body growth and egg production phenotypes associated with local chickens in Kenya from different ecological zones. Data was collected from a total of 296 chickens spread across three agro-climatic zones: Lamu Archipelago (semi-arid coastal), Mt. Elgon catchment (humid highlands) and Lake Turkana basin (arid pastoral). The analysis of variance showed significant interactions between shank length, body length and live weight for meat production and the number of yolks per egg with a strong significance of 4.34e-13, 2e-16, <2e-16, and 0.01 respectively. However, we did not find any significant relationship between the numbers of eggs laid per hen per clutch, the number of eggs seated on per hen per clutch and the number of eggs hatched per hen per clutch, in the various agro-climatic zones. Despite being the lightest and small bodied, chickens from Lake Turkana which had an average mean body weight (g) of 1190.96 ± 358.16 produced more eggs (9.42eggs ± 6.87eggs) than the heaviest and big bodied (Lamu Archipelago) which had an average body weight (g) of 2198.74 ± 656.32 and produced an average of 8.29 eggs ± 5.95 eggs per clutch. Mount Elgon catchment chickens had an average weight (g) of 1974.75 ± 572.92 and produced an average of 8.75 ± 7.77 eggs per hen. Lamu Archipelago had eggs with the highest number of double-yolked eggs with a frequency of 89%. Generally, we revealed relevant production traits for meat and egg production among indigenous chickens from different ecotypes in different regions that historically were migration points of entry for humans and livestock into Kenya. We propose further genetic studies on the Lamu and Turkana Chicken ecotypes since these two are from regions in Kenya that have previously been understudied.