Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation-mediated regulation of cell polarity and auxin transport in plants

The phytohormone auxin is important for various aspects of plant growth and development. Local auxin gradients within tissues correlate spatiotemporally with developmental events such as apical-basal axis and symmetry establishment during embryogenesis, phyllotaxis, organ initiation or tropism. These asymmetric auxin distributions are largely mediated by the activity of auxin efflux carriers PIN proteins. The plasma membrane localized PINs, including PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 determine the directional cell-to-cell auxin flow and facilitate the auxin gradient formation in plant. Alterations in the PIN polarity redirect the auxin flow and thus influence the auxin-dependent plant development. However, the mechanisms governing PIN polarity are still elusive. Therefore, broadly speaking, the question of how PIN polar targeting is controlled, and consequently, mediate local auxin gradients and how the polarity regulators interact with PIN-mediated transport is currently of great interest and has been the major subject of the research described in this thesis. At the beginning of this Ph.D study, the serine/threonine protein kinase PINOID (PID) was the only isolated molecular that unambiguously and directly mediated the decision about the polar delivery of auxin efflux carriers PIN proteins. However, mechanistic insights of how the phosphorylation modulations of PIN proteins affect their polar localization were surprisingly limited. Our first special focuses in this thesis were given on dephosphorylation event, putative phosphorylation targets, and the interaction between the PID and the GNOM that determine PIN polarity. On the other hand, to characterize additional new regulator of PIN function, our chosen approach was to perform a forward genetic screening and look for mutants that suppressed the phenotype of PIN1 gain-of-function alleles. Generally, our studies provide new insights into regulation of PIN polar targeting, auxin transport, and thus auxin-mediated development.
Phenolic compounds from the stem bark Erythrina Orientalis and detection of antimalaria activity by ELISA

Erythrina orientalis has local name “Dadap”. This plant has known producing alkaloids, flavonoids, pterocarpans, stilbenes, and arylbenzofurans which are active compounds.Three prenylated flavonoids, 8-prenyl-daidzein (1), alpinumisoflavone (2) and 4’-O-methyl licoflavanone (3) had been isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina Orientalis. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data,which are IR, UV, MS, and NMR 1D (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and 2D (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC).
Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Physiological Variables of University Students

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on university students’ physiological variables. 40 male sports science students with an age range between 18-25 years were randomly assigned to the HIIT group (n=20) and control (C) group (n=20). The experiment group underwent eight weeks of HIIT, whereas, C group do not. Pre and posttest measurements of physiological variables like resting heart rate (RHR), respiratory rate (RR), recovery heart rate (RcHR), breath holding time (BHT), VO2 max and blood pressure BP) were made for all subjects before and after the intervention. To compare the mean physiological variables between the experiment and control groups, an independent sample t-test was employed. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Following the exercise intervention, the experiment group shows significantly better improvements than the control group in, RHR, RR, BHT, VO2 max, and systolic blood pressure (p<0.05). Thus, it was concluded that eight weeks of HIIT show a significant improvement in the physiological variables of university students.
USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO DETERMINE HOME RANGE OF THE SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL (GLAUCOMYS VOLANS)

-Home ranges of 12 southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) were studied in the Ouachita Mountains of west-central Arkansas during the winters of 1990-1991 and 1991-1992. Because traditional planimetric home ranges do not account for differences in topography, a Geographic Information System (GIS) which incorporated topography was also used to determine home range. Mean female and male planimetric and (topographical) home-range estimates were 3.8 ha (3.9 ha) and 7.8 ha (9.0 ha), respectively. Differences in home-range size were not statistically significant between sexes, however, home-range estimates of males were more variable. Topographic estimates were significantly larger than planimetric estimates. The GIS more clearly represents home range with respect to habitat characteristics in the context of topographic features and it should be used in future studies.
An analysis of relationships within the Cupressaceae sensu stricto based on rbcL sequences.

The analysis of rbcL sequences of representative species of 13 of the 20 genera of the Cupressaceae sens. str. has produced a cladogram that agrees with data derived from other sources. The monophyly of the family is well supported. The cladogram provides support for the recognition of a basically northern subfamily (Cupressoideae) and a southern subfamily (Callitroideae), but the boundary between the subfamilies needs to be realigned by moving Tetraclinis from the Callitroideae to the Cupressoideae. The tribal arrangement of Li is largely artificial: the Libocedreae, Cupresseae, and Thujopsideae are clearly paraphyletic
Physiological Correlates of Forced Activity and Burrowing in the Spadefoot Toad, Scaphiopus hammondii

Rates of oxygen consumption of Scaphiopus hammondii were measured during rest, forced activity, and recovery from activity. Similar measurements were taken from Bufo cognatus, Rana pipiens, and R. catesbeiana for comparison. Aerobic metabolic scope for activity strictly increased with temperature in all species tested. Maximum absolute scopes of B. cognatus (1.36 cc 02/g-hr) and S. hammondii (1.22 cc 02/g'hr) were comparable only to those of the most active ectothermal vertebrates in the literature and were
A New Banded Snake of the Genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from North-Central Cuba

A new species of Tropidophis is described from the province of Villa Clara in north-central Cuba. It has a buff ground color with bold brown spots fused to form zebra-like bands. In scalation and coloration it differs from all other species in the genus, but is tentatively placed in the Tropidophis maculatus group RESUMEN. -Se describe una nueva especie de Tropidophis de la provincia de Villa Clara al norte de la regi6n central de Cuba. Es una especie de color casi beige con marcadas manchas pardas que estan unidas entre si semejantes al patron de una zebra. Se diferencia de todas las especies del genero en base a la escamacion y a la coloraci6n. Tentativamente lo situamos en el grupo Tropidophis maculatus.
Effects of parasites on host energy expenditure: the resting metabolic rate stalemate

Detrimental effects of parasitism on host fitness are frequently attributed to parasite-associated perturbations to host energy budgets. It has therefore been widely hypothesized that energetic costs of infection may be manifest as changes in host resting metabolic rate (RMR). Attempts to quantify these effects have yielded contradictory results across host- parasite systems. We used a meta-analysis of the literature to test the effects of parasites on mass-specific (n = 22) and whole-body (n = 15) host RMR. Parasites resulted in a qualitative increase in host RMR in the majority of studies; how- ever, the overall effect of parasites on host RMR was small and statistically nonsignificant. Additionally, substantial among- study variation in host RMR could not be explained by any of the tested covariates. We conclude that the lack of an overall effect of parasites on host metabolism reflects inconsistent directionality and varying magnitudes of parasite-associated ef- fects across studies, rather than an absence of system-specific effects. We contend that a general understanding of parasite effects on host energetics may be best achieved through identifying mechanisms underlying among-system variance in para- site effects on host RMR and relating parasite-associated perturbations of host energy budgets to robust estimates of host fit- ness. Resume : On attribue frequemment les effets nefastes du parasitisme sur la fitness de l'hote aux perturbations des bilans energetiques de l'hote associees au parasite. On emet donc souvent l'hypothese qui veut que les couts energetiques de l'in- fection peuvent se manifester comme des modifications du taux metabolique au repos (RMR) de l'hote. Les tentatives pour mesurer ces effets ont donne des resultats contradictoires dans l'ensemble des systemes hotes-parasites. Nous entreprenons une meta-analyse de la litterature afin de verifier les effets des parasites sur le RMR specifique a la masse (n = 22) et le RMR du corps entier (n = 15) chez les hotes. Dans la plupart des etudes, les parasites causent une augmentation qualitative du RMR de l'hote, mais l'effet global des parasites sur le RMR des hotes est faible et statistiquement non significatif. De plus, il n'a pas ete possible d'expliquer l'importante variation dans le MRM des hotes entre les etudes par les covariables testees. Nous concluons que l'absence d'effet global des parasites sur le metabolisme des hotes demontre une direction in- constante et des ordres de grandeur variables des effets associes aux parasites dans l'ensemble des etudes, plutot qu'une ab- sence d'effets specifiques au systeme. Nous croyons qu'une comprehension generale des effets des parasites sur le systeme energetique des hotes pourra etre obtenue le plus efficacement en identifiant les mecanismes sous-jacents a la variance des effets des parasites sur le RMR des hotes entre les systemes et en mettant en relation les perturbations des bilans energeti- ques associees aux parasites et des estimations robustes de la fitness des hotes. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Effect of adding fibrolytic enzymes to dairy cow rations on digestive activity in the rumen.

the objective of the study was to determine whether supplementing the rations of red-and-white Polish holstein-friesian dairy cows with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in the form of fibrozymetm preparation containing a blend of active xylanase and cellulase will have a beneficial effect on degradation of dry matter, crude protein, starch and ndf in the rumen and its fermentative activity. in experiment 1 with dry cows fitted with permanent rumen fistulas, the degradation of fibre components (meadow hay) of roughages, starch components (barley) of concentrates and high-protein components (soybean meal) of concentrates was determined in sacco. the digestibility of these feeds was analysed after 21-day feeding of a standard diet with or without enzyme preparation, using different incubation times for different components: 2–72 h for hay, 2–48 h for ground barley and 4–24 h for soybean meal. at the end of incubation, degradation of hay dm and ndf, barley grain dm and starch, and soybean meal dm and cP was calculated. in experiment 2 with lactating cows receiving a complete tmr, the parameters determined were ph and content of ammonia, total vfa, content of individual fatty acids and their percentage in vfa, as well as the acetic (c2) to propionic acid (c3) ratio in the sampled ruminal contents. the experiment involved 12 cows (6 per group) in the first period of lactation. a sample of ruminal contents was collected twice (before morning feeding and 3 h postprandially) with a suction pump after 21-day tmr feeding with or without enzyme preparation. in both experiments, the preparation was added daily to concentrate included in the diet. the addition of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to the standard diet composed of meadow hay and concentrate significantly improved in sacco degradation of meadow hay dm and ndf, barley grain dm and starch, and soybean meal dm and cP in the rumen. in lactating cows fed the complete diet (tmr), the addition of enzyme preparation also caused a significant increase in total vfa and different fatty acid types in the ruminal contents. the feed supplement had no significant effect on ph, rumen ammonia content, percentage of different acids in total vfa, and the acetic (c2) to propionic fatty acid (c3) ratio in the rumen.
Morphological variation in Codium fragile in the northwest Atlantic

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, an invasive Asiatic green alga, has colonized areas of the NW Atlantic within the past fifty years. The plant has a dichotomously branched cylindrical thallus made of tangled filaments surrounded by a dense covering of swollen filament tips, or utricles, terminating in pointed mucrons. This study's goal was to investigate morphological differences in NW Atlantic C. fragile populations to determine which subspecies are present. In the summer of 2008, I surveyed 24 sites from the Canadian Maritimes to Long Island Sound and evaluated size variation in utricles. Morphological investigations revealed a two-fold difference in utricle and mucron lengths between populations. Utricle and mucron size variation could be due to genetic or habitat differences. Mucron variability may indicate that this is not the ideal diagnostic feature for subspecies identification. Results suggest that only C. fragile subsp. fragile may be present in the NW Atlantic.
Human bocavirus: from common cold to cancer? Speculations on the importance of an episomal genomic form of human bocavirus

ISS The human bocavirus (HBoV) was initially discovered in 2005 in clinical samples from the respiratory tract of children suffering from respiratory infections of unknown aetiology and would be the second parvovirus that is capable of infecting humans with the potential to cause clinical diseases. HBoV-1 is detected as the fourth most common virus in respiratory infections and is associated with respiratory symptoms and sometimes also gastroenteritis in virtually all age groups [1,2]. Having been shown to form covalently closed circular DNA it appears likely that HBoV has the ability to persist in the infected tissue as other parvoviruses do [3–7], maybe leading to a chronic inflammation on the edge of its detection limit. Consequently HBoV could be detected in chronic lung diseases and, moreover, in tumour tissue of the lung and of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it remains unclear to what extent the virus contributes to the development of such cancers or if the virus infects tumour cells preferentially. In this review we summarize our current knowledge about HBoV and discuss the perspective and challenges of future HBoV research. 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
High Prevalence of Hematozoa in Nestlings of a Passefine Species, the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca)

While this may be true in many passerines, mainly ground-nesting species with short fledgling periods, we show here that prevalences may be detected as early as 13 days of age in a cavity-nesting passerine. Prevalences and intensities of hematozoa in nestling birds may merit further study, as both parameters are relatively easy to quantify in smears of peripheral blood in bird species such as the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca, Muscicapidae), which has a relatively extended fledgling period. In 1993, an intensively studied population of Pied Flycatchers in central Spain (Potti 1993) was sampled for presence of hematozoa. Adult birds were captured while incubating (females) or feeding nestling (males); a drop of blood was obtained from the brachial vein, smeared, air dried, and fixed with 100% ethanol. Slides were later stained with Giemsa for 45 min. In addi-
Reproductive effort influences the prevalence of haematozoan parasites in great tits

1. The influence of reproductive effort on host susceptibility to parasitism was examined in great tits, Parus major, by comparing the prevalence of haematozoan parasites with respect to clutch size in male and female parents. 2. Observational and experimental studies were conducted. Observational studies documented the relationship between clutch size and parasite prevalence in males and females in unmanipulated nests. Reproductive effort was manipulated by exchanging complete clutches between pairs of nests during incubation. Parents experienced a maximum manipulation of ± 5 eggs. 3. Observational studies showed that the prevalence of parasites was higher in females than males. The prevalence of parasites in males increased with both increasing clutch size and increasing age
The little Penguin Eudyptula minor in Victoria. III. Dispersal of chicks and survival after banding

Over 8,000 Little Penguins have been banded as chicks in Australia, mainly in the south-east. There have been 201 recoveries of dead birds away from the banding place besides numerous live records at the banding site and elsewhere. The young disperse rapidly after leaving their natal colony, with a strong tendency to move westward from Phillip Island, Victoria, the colony for which there is most information, particularly favouring an area centred on Cape Otway. Birds banded in New South Wales disperse northward and southward along the coast reaching as far as Tasmania in the south and Port Phillip Bay in the south and west. Some young birds return to their natal colonies to moult when one and two years old but their whereabouts in the intervals we not known. Some birds subsequently breed at their natal colony, others moult or breed or do both elsewhere. Survival after banding is influenced by the weight of the chicks at the time of fledging and whether they were raised early or late in the season.
Irregular Meiotic Behaviour in Maidenhair Fern Adiantum capillus-veneris L. from Northwest India

Summary The present research has been carried out on Adiantum capillus-veneris L. , a well renowned medicinal fern, to study its detailed meiotic behaviour in 14 populations collected from different parts of Northwest India. All the populations uniformly revealed the presence of 30 bivalents at M-I as reported by previous work-ers. However, irregular meiotic behaviour characterized by the presence of stickiness, unoriented bivalents, laggards, bridges, interbivalent connections, secondary associations, cytomixis, formation of micronuclei leading to abnormal microsporogenesis, i.e. , spore sterility, were investigated. The abnormal meiotic course in some studied populations has a signiﬁcant effect on spore viability, i.e . , reduced spore fertility. To our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst ever population based report on abnormal meiotic behaviour of this species.
Retrospective (2000-2009) Study of Newcastle Disease (ND) Cases in Avian Species in Maiduguri, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria

A case-control study on Newcastle Disease (ND) in avian species was conducted using ten year (from January 2000 to December 2009) clinic records of the avian Clinic of the ultramodern Veterinary Hospital Maiduguri. A total of four thousand six hundred and forty seven (4647) with mean of 38.40±4.391 (Mean±SE) cases of various diseases of avian species were presented to the ultramodern veterinary hospital Maiduguri within the ten year period. Out of these cases ND accounted for 2427 (52.23%), from which 811 (17.5%) were male while 1616 (34.7%) were female avian species. Local fowls (L/Fowls) accounted for 755 (46±9) of all the cases, of which 459 (60.8%) were ND cases. Out of 1293 (74±14) cases in layers 740 (57.2%) were ND while from 709 (27±5) cases recorded in broilers, ND accounted for 268 (37.8%). A total of the 186 (10±2) cases recorded in turkeys, 99 (53.2%) were ND. Out of the 26 (2±0) cases in peacocks, 10 (38.5%) were ND. A total of 76 (4±1) cases recorded in ducks, 19 (25.0%) were ND while out of 46 (3±1) cases in geese, ND accounted for 5 (10.9%) cases. From 753 (45±7) cases in cockerels, 447 (59.4%) were ND. From the total of 106 (6±1) cases recorded in ostriches, 61 (57.5%) were ND. Out of 7 (2±0) cases in African crowned cranes (Cranes), 3 (42.9%) were ND while from 91 (1±0) cases in pigeons, ND accounted for 7 (7.7%) cases. Out of 575 (31±6) cases of guinea fowl (G/Fowls), 306 (53.2%) were ND cases; out of 24 (2±0) cases in psittacines, 3 (12.5%) were ND cases. The distribution of ND among flock size of various avian species showed that flock size 1-50 had 623 (13.40) cases, 51-100 had 548 (11.79%); 101-150 had 595 (12.80%) while flock size 151 and above had 661(14.22%) cases. Newcastle disease among age groups of various avian species showed that birds within the age range of 0-9 weeks had 718 (15.45%), 10-19 weeks 958 (20.61%), 20 weeks and above 412 (8.86%) while 339 (7.29%) cases were birds of unknown age. In the year 2000, 144 (56.7) ND cases were recorded among various avian species, 99 (49.0%) 2001 while 95 (48.2%) in 2002. In the year 2003, 243 (56.2%) cases were ND, 271 (52.7%) in 2004, 265 (46.0%) in 2005, 470 (66.7%) in 2006, 355 (51.2%) in 2007, 242 (35.1%) and 243 (62.9%) in 2008 and 2009 were ND cases respectively. Seasonal peaks of ND cases were shown to occur in January, November and December while the trend for other months showed relative stability.
Pink Bollworm: Response of Native Males to Ratios of Z,Z- and Z,E-Isomers of Gossyplure in Several Cotton Growing Areas of the World

A standard test consisting of 7 ratios of the Z,Z -, and Z,E -isomers of gossyplure was conducted in several major cotton producing areas of the world to determine the pheromone preference of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). Catches in traps baited with 50 or 60% of the Z,Z -isomer in mixtures of Z,Z -, and Z,E -isomers were not significantly different in 5 of 7 areas (India, Australia, Pakistan, Argentina, and the U.S.). Catches by the 50% baits were significantly higher in Brazil, and catches with the 60% baits were significantly higher in Egypt. Therefore, baits with either 50 or 60% Z,Z -isomer will be useful in surveyor control work throughout most of the area of distribution of pink bollworm. When the test was conducted several times during the season in Australia and Pakistan, catches indicated no shift from a statistically equal preference for baits containing 50 or 60% of the Z,Z -isomer. Pexicopia sp. , a genus related to Pectinophora , was captured primarily in traps containing 20% Z,Z -isomer and 80% Z,E -isomer at Kununurra, N.W. Australia. The genera may be isolated from each other by pheromonal preferences in those areas where the distributions overlap.
Mortalité néonatale précoce à l'hôpital de gynécologie-obstétrique de Hanoï, Vietnam

Une etude retrospective a ete faite sur 18834 naissances consecutives ayant eu lieu a l'hopital de gynecologie-obstetrique de Hanoi, du 1er janvier 1991 au 31 decembre 1995. Pour ces cinq annees. la moyenne du taux de mortalite neonatale precoce etait de 24,4 ‰. La diminution considerable de ce taux observee pendant la duree de l'etude est attribuee a un changement de profil des parturientes. Les causes de deces etaient dominees par la prematurite seule, ou associee a une detresse respiratoire (70, 7 %). Quarante-neuf pour cent des deces neonataux precoces sont survenus le premier jour de vie. Les facteurs de risque associes a la mortalite neonatale precoce ont ete etudies. Une meilleure surveillance de l'accouchement et du nouveau-ne a l'hopital est necessaire et une approche globale du probleme de prematurite s'impose.