Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol, Gender, Consumption and Related Problems in Khon Kaen Province : An Area Based Study

Alcohol consumption and related problem area information is essential to understand situation , solve related problems and allow to revise campaign regarding alcohol. This study aims to explore alcohol consumption and related problems relation to gender in population age 12-65 years, Khon Kaen province, during March 2006-March 2007. This survey used multi-stage sampling and face to face interview. The setting distributed in urban area and rural area, total 533 household and 1,033 interviewees. Estimation total drinkers among 1,300,026 population, there were 398,211 drinkers drank in 12 months, 328,061 drinkers drank in 1 month, and 266,664 drinkers drank in 1 week. In samples, life time abstainers was 48% and drinker was 43%. Lifetime abstain was common for female (78%), while current drinker was common for male (67.8%). About history of drinking, 28.3% drank in 1 week (49.8% male, 11.7% female), 33.8% drank in 1 month (56.8% male, 16.1% female) and 43.0% drank in 1 year (16.2% male, 32.6% female). Male drinkers were heavy drinker (10.2%), possibly alcohol dependence (21.5%), and binge drinker (38.2%), greater than female’s rate about 2-3 times. Both gender (2-5%) was victims for physical injuries, oppressing, from drinkers. Among drinkers, the majority of harm were these; 16-17% of men got problem on marriage or intimate relationship with spouse, on working, and physical. It might conclude that during the past year, men had a higher level of alcohol use than women in both number of drinkers and amount of alcohol intake. Moreover, consequences of alcohol use effected widely for social. Those had difference among men and women. ขอมลระดบพนทเกยวกบการบรโภคเครองดมแอลกอฮอล และปญหาทเกยวของกบการดมเครองดมแอลกอฮอล มความจำเปนตอการเขาใจสถานการณเรองน เพอนำไปสการวางแผนแกปญหาตลอดจนการทบทวนวธการรณรงคเพอลดการบรโภคเครองดมแอลกฮอลใหเกดประสทธภาพ ประสทธผลตอไป การศกษานมวตถประสงคเพอทราบสถานการณการบรโภคเครองดมแอลกอฮอล และปญหาทเกยวของจากการดม ในกลมประชาชน12-65 ป พนทจงหวดขอนแกน ในรอบปทผานมากอนการศกษา(มนาคม2549ถงมนาคม 2550)โดยใชวธสำรวจในการเกบขอมลดวยแบบสมภาษณโดยตรงกบกลมเปาหมาย 1,033 คน และสมตวอยางดวยวธการสมตวอยางหลายขนตอน ทงในเขตเมอง และชนบท. ผลการศกษาพบวาประมาณการผทเครองดมแอลกอฮอลของจงหวดขอนแกน มผดมในระยะเวลา1ปทผานมามประมาณ 398,211 คน ดมภายใน 1 เดอนทผานมามประมาณ328,061 คนและดมในสปดาหทผานมามประมาณ 266,664 คน จากประชากรเปาหมาย1,300,026 คน ผลการศกษาเฉพาะในกลมตวอยางพบวา 48%เปนผทไมเคยดมเครองดมแอลกอฮอลเลยในชวต 43% เปนคนทดมในรอบปทผานมา 78% ของผหญงไมเคยดมเครองดมแอลกอฮอลเลยในชวต ขณะทผชายสวนใหญดมในชวงปทผาน ถง 67.8% ครงสดทายทดมนบถงการสมภาษณ ดมในชวง 1 สปดาห ผชาย 49.8% ผหญง 11.7% ดมในชวง 30 วน ผชาย 56.8% ผหญง 16.1% ดมในชวง1 ป ผชาย 67.8% ผหญง 23.9% ในสวนรปแบบการดมของผดม ผชายดมแบบดมหนก 10.2%ดมแบบมแนวโนมตดแอลกอฮอล21.5% ดมแบบหนกมาก 38.2% ซงทกแบบการดมผชายมสดสวนทสงกวาผหญง2-3เทา ดานปญหาทเกยวของการดม ผชายและผหญงประมาณ2-5% ถกทำรายรางกายหรอไดรบความรำคาญจากการกระทำของผดม ผชายทดม16-17% มปญหาเกยวกบความสมพนธกบคครอง งานและสขภาพ สรปไดวาในรอบปทผานมาผชายดมมากกวาผหญงทงปรมาณและรปแบบการดมทกประเภท ปญหาทเกยวของกบการดมสงผลอยางกวางขวางทงแกผทดมและผทไมดม แตมความแตกตางกนระหวางชายและหญง
Resilience: nitrogen limitation, mycorrhiza and long-term palaeoecological plant–nutrient dynamics

Ecosystem dynamics are driven by both biotic and abiotic processes, and perturbations can push ecosystems into novel dynamical regimes. Plant–plant, plant–soil and mycorrhizal associations all affect plant ecosystem dynamics; however, the direction and magnitude of these effects vary by context and their contribution to ecosystem resilience over long time periods remains unknown. Here, using a mathematical framework, we investigate the effects of plant feedbacks and mycorrhiza on plant–nutrient interactions. We show evidence for strong nutrient controlled feedbacks, moderation by mycorrhiza and influence on ecological resilience. We use this model to investigate the resilience of a longitudinal palaeoecological birch–δ15N interaction to plant–soil feedbacks and mycorrhizal associations. The birch–δ15N system demonstrated high levels of resilience. Mycorrhiza were predicted to increase resilience by supporting plant–nitrogen uptake and immobilizing excess nitrogen; in contrast, long-term enrichment in available nitrogen by plant–soil feedbacks is expected to decrease ecological resilience.
Mitigating Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma via DNA Damage-Repair Inhibition

Glioblastomas are among the most lethal cancers, with a five year survival rate below 25%. Temozolomide is typically used in glioblastoma treatment; however, the enzymes APNG and MGMT efficiently mediate the repair of DNA damage caused by temozolomide, reducing treatment efficacy. Consequently, APNG and MGMT inhibition has been proposed as a way of overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Here, we develop a mechanistic mathematical model that explicitly incorporates the effect of chemotherapy on tumor cells, including the processes of DNA damage induction, cell arrest and DNA repair. Our model is carefully parameterized and validated, and then used to virtually recreate the response of heteroclonal glioblastoma to dual treatment with TMZ and inhibitors of APNG/MGMT. Using our mechanistic model, we identify four combination treatment strategies optimized by tumor cell phenotype, and isolate the strategy most likely to succeed in a pre-clinical and clinical setting. If confirmed in clinical trials, these strategies have the potential to offset chemotherapy resistance in glioblastoma patients, and improve overall survival.
Relationship between health literacy and toothbrushing practice among young adults

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to access the relationship between health literacy and toothbrushing practice in young adults. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study consisted of 218 respondents: college (except dental students) and noncollege students. All respondents completed a general health literacy questionnaire using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) and the specific health literacy (SHL) questionnaire comprising questions on access, knowledge, and attitudes on toothbrushing. Respondents’ regular toothbrushing practice was evaluated by using a video camera recording. All the analyses were performed by using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation or Spearman rank correlation, and multiple linear regression statistical technique. Results: The mean scores of NVS and SHL were significantly different among the education groups (P < 0.001). Toothbrushing practice showed significantly (P < 0.05) correlations with gender, education, access, attitude, and SHL, but not with the NVS. The correlation of toothbrushing practice and SHL as well as access remained significant in multiple linear regression models after adjusting for gender and education (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Health literacy had a significant correlation with toothbrushing practice when measured with SHL. Access and SHL were the most influencing factors for toothbrushing practice in this study.
Changes in magnetic resonance imaging parameters and chemo-radiotherapy response among cervical cancer patients attending a regional cancer center of North India

Objective: This study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance and diffusion-weighted imaging techniques in evaluating tissue hypoxia and thus develop an early predictor of treatment response in cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a regional cancer center of North India from 2013 to 2014. It was conducted among locally advanced carcinoma cervix patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out at three time points, namely, prior to commencement of, after 2 weeks of start, and after 4–5 weeks of chemo-radiotherapy. A total of 48 MRI scans were performed. Change in dynamic contrast perfusion parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and IAUC) and values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) between different time points was calculated. Results: A total of 19 patients underwent 48 MRI scans. The percentage tumor volume regression (PTR) between the first and third MRI volumes ranged from 36.9% to 100%. The percentage diameter regression calculated between the first and third MRI ranged from 10% to 100%. The tumor volume and diameter reduced significantly from pre- to post-treatment. As compared to pretreatment parameters, it was observed that the values of Ve, IAUC, and ADC demonstrated an increase from baseline to the subsequent MRI; however, Kepand Ktransshowed an opposite trend. Conclusion: A higher value of Ktransis associated with a better tumor response to treatment. These changes can help in predicting response to therapy.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Patients with Mental Disorders

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a time-limited and diagnosis-targeted intervention It follows a strict time-limited format IPT has been successfully adapted for various other psychiatric disorders IPT follows a simple paradigm by assigning the patients a sick role by defining their problems as treatable medical conditions and linking their state of affective distress to their IP situations IPT focuses on the “here and now” of the illness by resolving issues related to IP problem areas[1] IPT has nonspecific and specific elements: Nonspecific elements include nonjudgmental approach, empathic listening, maintaining confidentiality, expressing warmth, and engaging the patient in the therapy Specific elements include providing patients a sick role, applying an IP inventory, and making a formulation that links the patients’ IP problem areas with their psychiatric diagnosis. IPT follows a holistic approach, and it is recommended to use IPT in an integrated manner The underlying assumption is that IP relationships of a person either in the past or in the present, play a role in the origin and maintenance of psychopathology. Hence, IPT mainly focuses on IP context and related factors. The goal is to either help patients improve their IP relationships or change their expectations about them and focusing on improvements in their social support networks The specific elements of IPT constitute its basic core, but can be adapted in various ways. IPT can be planned as a short-term, time-limited therapy, maintenance therapy, or long-term, insight-oriented treatment IPT can be adapted for different age groups including adolescents and elderly, and can also be adapted depending on the target diagnosis There can be adaptations in the format of IPT for individuals or groups or couples IPT can be adapted for any psychiatric disorder where IP problems exist[2] Insight-oriented IPT, on the other hand, emphasizes that the therapist cannot be a neutral observer, but is rather a participant. The task for the therapist is to understand his own reactions toward the patients and reflect them therapeutically, by uncovering, resolving, and termination. [2]
Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of non-lactational breast abscess

BACKGROUND: Breast abscess is a common condition among OPD female patients. It has been reported that 4.6 % and 11% of the women in developed and developing countries are affected by breast abscess. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To detect the pathogens causing non lactational breast abscess and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 50 pus samples with diagnosis of non lactational breast abscess were obtained by incision and drainage or by aspiration. Specimens were processed for Gram stain and cultured in both aerobic and anaerobic media. For aerobic blood agar (BA) and Mac-Conkey agar were inoculated. For anaerobic isolation Brucella blood agar (BBA) with 5% sheep blood agar, hemin and vit-k were inoculated and Metronidazole disc was placed in primary streaking line. Plates were incubated in Mark-II Anaerobic system. Isolates were identified by Gram stain, biochemical tests and sensitivities to identification discs like Vancomycin, Kanamycin, Colistin and SPS. Sensitivity patterns of the aerobic isolates were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Maximum no of cases belongs to age group of 36-45 years (42%). Out of the 50 pus samples 36(72%) were found to be culture positive from which 42 number of bacteria were isolated. Aerobes and facultative anaerobes predominated 30(71%) over the anaerobes 12 (29%). Staphylococcus aureus 11(36%) was found to be the predominant organism. Clostridium perfringens 6(50%) was the commonest anaerobe isolated. Gram positive isolates were sensitive to Clindamycin, Linezolid and Vancomycin and gram negative bacteria were sensitive to Imipenem and Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Percentage of MRSA was 43% . Amongst the gram negative bacteria ESBL production was seen in 55% of isolates. CONCLUSION: Breast abscess is a fairly common surgical problem among both lactational and non-lactational females. Besides aerobes non-lactating breast abscesses also showed the presence of anaerobic bacteria. As minimally invasive management of breast abscesses, such as ultrasound guided drainage with systemic antibiotic drug therapy is the treatment of choice it is essential to provide the appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy in this drug resistance era.
Looking at the Bigger Picture: How Abundance of Nesting and Brooding Habitat Influences Lek-Site Selection by Lesser Prairie-Chickens

Abstract. Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) populations have declined throughout most of their distribution since the mid-1980s. These declines are largely attributed to loss of habitat through the conversion and expansion of cropland, construction of oil wells and other anthropogenic features on the landscape, and grazing intensification. Changes in habitat availability and quality are seemingly having a disproportionate effect on the reproductive habitat of Lesser Prairie-Chickens, as some populations continue to decline. Nest and brood survival are crucial to population growth of Lesser Prairie-Chickens, with adequate reproductive habitat vital to population persistence. To better understand the influence of reproductive habitat availability on populations, we quantified the composition of reproductive habitat in lek landscapes across the northern extent of the Lesser Prairie-Chicken range. We measured vegetation at six study sites in Kansas and Colorado from 2013–2016. We sought to quantify available nest and brooding habitat adjacent to leks, investigate the relationship between reproductive habitat availability and lek attendance by males at several spatial scales, and examine vegetation characteristics that influence lek attendance. Within 5 km of a lek, 25% (2546/10,320 points) and 26% (2682/10,320 points) of random locations provided nesting and brooding habitat, respectively. Changes to reproductive habitat at both scales affected male attendance at leks. Visual obstruction of vegetation was the main predictor of male lek attendance at both spatial scales and limited the amount of reproductive habitat in lek landscapes. Accordingly, management should increase visual obstruction throughout the Lesser Prairie-Chicken range to increase reproductive success and improve populations to facilitate achieving the conservation goal set by the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies of a 10 y average Lesser Prairie-Chicken population of 67,000 birds.
Trauma Nurse Practitioners: Variations in Utilization and Role Expansion

To discuss the variations in utilization of trauma nurse practitioners (NPs) and offer recommendations in expanding the role of the trauma NP further, in order to augment their utilization and full potential within healthcare settings. The use of NPs on trauma teams has increased dramatically over the past 10–20 years. The role of the trauma NP is continuing to evolve, with much room for expansion. A literature review was performed to examine the core competencies and scope of practice of a trauma NP, as well as the general opinion of the capabilities of a trauma NP. The utilization of trauma NPs continues to have much room for expansion, allowing NPs more autonomy and involvement in the care of trauma patients. It is important for physicians and other health care providers to be familiar with the capabilities of a trauma NP, in order for them to be utilized to their maximum potential.
The Power of Feedback Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of Educational Feedback Research

A meta-analysis (435 studies, k = 994, N > 61,000) of empirical research on the effects of feedback on student learning was conducted with the purpose of replicating and expanding the Visible Learning research (Hattie and Timperley, 2007; Hattie, 2009; Hattie and Zierer, 2019) from meta-synthesis. Overall results based on a random-effects model indicate a medium effect (d = 0.48) of feedback on student learning, but the significant heterogeneity in the data shows that feedback cannot be understood as a single consistent form of treatment. A moderator analysis revealed that the impact is substantially influenced by the information content conveyed. Furthermore, feedback has higher impact on cognitive and motor skills outcomes than on motivational and behavioral outcomes. We discuss these findings in the light of the assumptions made in The power of feedback (Hattie and Timperley, 2007). In general, the results suggest that feedback has rightly become a focus of teaching research and practice. However, they also point toward the necessity of interpreting different forms of feedback as independent measures.
Factors Influencing the Mechanical Characteristics of a Pile–Soil Interface in Clay Soil

A series of direct shear tests using a large-scale constant-normal-stiffness direct-shear testing system was conducted to study the factors that influence the mechanical characteristics of a pile–soil interface (PSI) in clay soil. Interfaces of different roughness (R = 0, 2, 4, and 6 mm) were tested in clay soil with four different water contents with four normal stresses under different shear rates during shearing. Results for the interfacial shear behavior are presented as shear-stress–shear-strain curves, shear strength, and parameters. The results show that (i) the higher the roughness, the higher the shear strength of the PSI. The larger the normal stress, the smaller the roughness effect on the shear strength and parameters of the PSI; and (ii) the higher the water content of the clay soil, the lower the shear strength of the PSI, with maximum cohesion at a water content of 25%. The main influence that increasing the water content has on the shear strength of the PSI is changing the coherence, while the shear rate in this test range has less effect on the shear strength of the PSI. Overall, the mechanical characteristics of the PSI are influenced by roughness, water content, and shear rate, and close attention should be paid to those three factors when analyzing test results.
A Structure Shaped by Fire, but Also Water: Ecological Consequences of the Variability in Bark Properties Across 31 Species From the Brazilian Cerrado

Bark is a structure involved in multiple physiological functions, but which has been traditionally associated with protection against fire. Thus, little is known about how the morpho-anatomical variations of this structure are related to different ecological pressures, especially in tropical savanna species, which are commonly subjected to frequent fire and drought events. Here we evaluated how the structural and functional variations of bark are related to the processes of resilience and resistance to fire, as well as transport and storage of water in 31 native species from the Brazilian Cerrado. Because of their thick bark, none of the trees analyzed were top-killed after a severe fire event. The structural and functional variations of the bark were also associated with water storage and transport, functions related to properties of the inner bark. In fact, species with a thicker and less dense inner bark were the ones that had the highest water contents in the wood, bark, and leaves. Lower bark density was also related to higher stem hydraulic conductivity, carbon assimilation, and growth. Overall, we provide strong evidence that in addition to protection from fire, the relative investment in bark also reflects different strategies of water use and conservation among many Cerrado tree species.
Vascular Integrity and Signaling Determining Brain Development, Network Excitability, and Epileptogenesis

Our understanding of the etiological mechanisms leading up to epilepsy has undergone radical changes over time due to more insights into the complexity of the disease. The traditional hypothesis emphasized network hyperexcitability and an imbalance of inhibition and excitation, eventually leading to seizures. In this context, the contribution of the vascular system, and particularly the interactions between blood vessels and neuronal tissue, came into focus only recently. Thus, one highly exciting causative or contributing factor of epileptogenesis is the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the context of not only posttraumatic epilepsy, but also other etiologies. This hypothesis is now recognized as a synergistic mechanism that can give rise to epilepsy, and BBB repair for restoration of cerebrovascular integrity is considered a therapeutic alternative. Endothelial cells lining the inner surface of blood vessels are an integral component of the BBB system. Sealed by tight junctions, they are crucial in maintaining homeostatic activities of the brain, as well as acting as an interface in the neurovascular unit. Additional potential vascular mechanisms such as inflammation, altered neurovascular coupling, or changes in blood flow that can modulate neuronal circuit activity have been implicated in epilepsy. Our own work has shown how intrinsic defects within endothelial cells from the earliest developmental time points, which preclude neuronal changes, can lead to vascular abnormalities and autonomously support the development of hyperexcitability and epileptiform activity. In this article, we review the importance of vascular integrity and signaling for network excitability and epilepsy by highlighting complementary basic and clinical research studies and by outlining possible novel therapeutic strategies.
Methodological and Practical Considerations Associated With Assessment of Alpine Skiing Performance Using Global Navigation Satellite Systems

Reliable assessment of the performance of alpine skiers is essential. Previous studies have highlighted the potential of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for evaluating this performance. Accordingly, the present perspective summarizes published research concerning methodological and practical aspects of the assessment of alpine skiing performance by GNSS. Methodologically, in connection with trajectory analysis, a resolution of 1–10 cm, which can be achieved with the most advanced GNSS systems, has proven to provide acceptable accuracy. The antenna should be positioned to follow the trajectory of the skier's center-of-mass (CoM) as closely as possible and estimation of this trajectory can be further improved by applying advanced modeling and/or other computerized approaches. From a practical point of view, effective assessment requires consideration of numerous parameters related to performance, including gate-to-gate times, trajectory, speed, and energy dissipation. For an analysis that is both more comprehensive and more easily accessible to coaches/athletes, video filming should be synchronized with the GNSS data. In summary, recent advances in GNSS technology already allow, at least to some extent, precise biomechanical analysis of performance over an entire alpine skiing race course in real-time. Such feedback has both facilitated and improved the work of coaches. Thus, athletes and coaches are becoming more and more aware of the advantages of analyzing alpine skiing performance by GNSS in combination with advanced computer software, paving the way for the digital revolution in both the applied research on and practice of this sport.