Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during feeding: a measure of vagal regulation of metabolism, ingestion, and digestion in preterm infants.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a non-invasive indicator of vagal regulation of the heart, and heart period (HP) were monitored before, during, and after oral or gastric-tube bolus feedings in 32 preterm infants. Group 1 infants (n=15) were or =31 weeks GA at birth (mean=33.2 weeks). Mean postmenstrual ages at the time of study were 33.5 +/- 2.3 (SD) weeks in group 1 and 33.9 +/- 1.6 (SD) weeks in group 2. RSA and HP decreased in both groups during feeding. However, postfeeding RSA and HP increased toward prefeed levels only for group 2 infants. In addition, RSA and HP changes during feeding were correlated only for group 2 infants. The results suggest that the preterm infant may experience a maturational lag in vagal function and in the influence of vagal activity on metabolic mechanisms (i.e. heart rate) related to ingestive needs. This maturational lag may contribute to continued feeding difficulties and may be a measurable marker of subtle neurodevelopmental problems.
HIV incidence and HIV-associated mortality in a cohort of factory workers and their spouses in Tanzania, 1991 through 1996.

The aim of this study was to describe HIV incidence and HIV-associated mortality in a cohort of factory workers and their spouses with access to adequate sexually transmitted disease (STD) treatment services and moderate exposure to sexual health interventions. Follow-up visits at 4-month intervals and home follow-ups of those who failed to keep appointments were used to estimate HIV incidence and mortality in a cohort of factory workers and their spouses in Mwanza Tanzania during 1991-96. HIV prevalence at intake was 10.5% and 15.3% among 1594 men and 880 women respectively. HIV incidence was just over 1/100 person-years (PYs) in 1427 men and 1.9/100 PYs in 745 women. The main risk factors were related to sexual behavior and clinical evidence of an STD although only one-seventh of those with HIV seroconversions had had an STD during the period following the second-from-last follow-up visit. HIV incidence among discordant couples was 5.0/100 and 8.3/100 PYs for 41 men and 37 women respectively. Mortality rates were 9.0/1000 and 7.8/1000 PYs for men and women respectively and 65% of male and 60% of female deaths were attributable to HIV infection. In this factory population with good access to and use of STD treatment and with a moderate level of exposure to HIV prevention education HIV incidence among men and women is still over 1/100 PYs which suggests a relatively high level of program effort is needed to lower incidence. More than half of all adult deaths were attributable to HIV but greater increases in HIV-associated mortality are likely. (author’s)
The Effects of Reinforcement on Children's Mundane and Fantastic Claims

S. Garven, J. M. Wood, R. S. Malpass, and J. S. Shaw (1998) found that the interviewing techniques used in the McMartin Preschool case can induce preschool children to make false allegations of wrongdoing against a classroom visitor. In this study, 2 specific components of the McMartin interviews, reinforcement and cowitness information, were examined more closely in interviews of 120 children, ages 5 to 7 years. Children who received reinforcement made 35% false allegations against a classroom visitor, compared with 12% made by controls. When questioned about "fantastic" events (e.g., being taken from school in a helicopter), children receiving reinforcement made 52% false allegations, compared with 5% made by controls. In a second interview, children repeated the allegations even when reinforcement had been discontinued. The findings indicate that reinforcement can swiftly induce children to make persistent false allegations of wrongdoing.
The Efficacy of Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell (AMSC) Metabolite Product and Vitamin E for Wrinkles, Spots, and Pores in Photoaging

Background It is expected that a combination of amniotic membrane stem cell metabolite product (AMSC-MP) and vitamin E after fractional CO2 laser as laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) will provide better effects in photoaging treatment as the combination reaches the target. This promises an option for photoaging therapy in the future. Materials and Methods Sixty women with photoaged skins were involved in this experimental study. They were then divided into two groups. The treatment group received a topical combination of AMSC-MP and vitamin E, and the control group received AMSC-MP alone after fractional CO2 laser. The treatment was repeated three times. Result The Janus assessment results showed a significant difference in pores in the third observation, and the average pore improvements in the treatment group were better than the control group. Wrinkle, UV spot, and polar spot did not show any significant difference. Conclusion A combination of the amniotic membrane stem cell metabolite product (AMSC-MP) and vitamin E after fractional CO2 laser as LADD only improves pores in photoaged skins.
Structure and Function of the Reproductive System of the Symbiotic Spider Crab Inachus Phalangium (Decapoda: Majidae): Observations on Sperm Transfer, Sperm Storage, and Spawning

The structure and function of the reproductive tracts of the spider crab Inachus phalangium were investigated, focusing on sperm transfer, sperm storage in the seminal receptacles, and spawning. Males produce and store spermatophores as well as part of the seminal fluid in the anterior and median vas deferens. The major part of the seminal fluid is produced and stored in the posterior vas deferens. Rosette glands fill the basal third of the first pleopods and open into pores on the pleopod tips. It is suggested that their secretions mix with seminal fluid during copulation and cause hardening of the seminal products. A male's ejaculate consists of sperm gel and a sperm packet formed by densely packed spermatophores. The seminal receptacle consists of a dorsal sperm storage and a ventral insemination chamber, separated by the muscular velum. The sperm storage chamber wall is lined with holocrine gland epithelium which secretes into the receptacle lumen. Shortly before spawning an oviduct opens ventrally into the insemination chamber, which is connected by the vagina with the sternum. During spawning some spermatophores at the ventral part of the lowest sperm packet are dissolved, and the sperm form a suspension in the insemination chamber, where passing oocytes are inseminated. The flexible vagina is opened for mating and spawning by muscular contractions. Females may store sperm for over 6 months and can fertilize up to 6 broods without remating.
Non-invasive monitoring of the adrenocortical response in red deer

To facilitate easy and non-invasive assessment of the stress experienced by red deer (Cervus elaphus), we tested whether adrenocortical function can be monitored by measuring fecal corticoid metabolites. We measured concentrations of a group of cortisol metabolites (3α,11-oxo CM) in the feces of 6 captive red deer hinds before and after an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge or a control saline injection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results revealed that analysis of fecal cortisol metabolites enabled monitoring of adrenocortical activity. Administration of ACTH resulted in a 6.5 to 20-fold increase in fecal cortisol metabolite levels after approximately 18 hr. Following a planned disturbance, fecal cortisol metabolite concentrations increased 3 to 10-fold in 4 out of 6 individuals. Concentrations of 3α,11-oxo CM were not significantly different in feces collected within approximately 6 hr from defecation as compared to feces sampled immediately after defecation. Thus, fecal corticoid metabolite analysis could be used to evaluate disturbances in farmed red deer, even if immediate sample collection after defecation may not be possible. It also may evaluate stress responses in wild red deer, provided information on the time since defecation is available.
An elliptic boundary problem involving an indefinite weight

The spectral theory for non-self-adjoint elliptic boundary problems involving an indefinite weight function has only been established for the case of higher-order operators under the assumption that the reciprocal of the weight function is essentially bounded. In this paper we are concerned with the spectral theory for a case where the weight function vanishes on a set of positive measure.
Crystalline gauge fields and quantized discrete geometric response for Abelian topological phases with lattice symmetry

Clean isotropic quantum Hall fluids in the continuum possess a host of symmetry-protected quantized invariants, such as the Hall conductivity, shift and Hall viscosity. Here we develop a theory of symmetry-protected quantized invariants for topological phases defined on a lattice, where quantized invariants with no continuum analog can arise. We develop topological field theories using discrete crystalline gauge fields to fully characterize quantized invariants of (2+1)D Abelian topological orders with symmetry group $G = U(1) \times G_{\text{space}}$, where $G_{\text{space}}$ consists of orientation-preserving space group symmetries on the lattice. We show how discrete rotational and translational symmetry fractionalization can be characterized by a discrete spin vector, a discrete torsion vector which has no analog in the continuum or in the absence of lattice rotation symmetry, and an area vector, which also has no analog in the continuum. The discrete torsion vector implies a type of crystal momentum fractionalization that is only non-trivial for $2$, $3$, and $4$-fold rotation symmetry. The quantized topological response theory includes a discrete version of the shift, which binds fractional charge to disclinations and corners, a fractionally quantized angular momentum of disclinations, rotationally symmetric fractional charge polarization and its angular momentum counterpart, constraints on charge and angular momentum per unit cell, and quantized momentum bound to dislocations and units of area. The fractionally quantized charge polarization, which is non-trivial only on a lattice with $2$, $3$, and $4$-fold rotation symmetry, implies a fractional charge bound to lattice dislocations and a fractional charge per unit length along the boundary. An important role is played by a finite group grading on Burgers vectors, which depends on the point group symmetry of the lattice.
Exploitative pricing in the time of COVID

One of the many consequences of the COVID-19 crisis is the disruption of supply chains. Together with increased demand, this has led to shortages in a number of essential products. These shortages are influencing the behaviour of firms and may have led to potentially exploitative prices in some cases. Distinguishing legitimate from illegitimate pricing practices, as well as how best to deal with the latter, creates substantial challenges for competition authorities. This note discusses these challenges and raises issues for discussion during a webinar meeting with competition authorities on 28 May 2020. It is part of a series of responses prepared by the OECD Competition Division to help guide the actions of governments and competition authorities as they react to the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Commutator length of powers in free products of groups

Abstract Given groups $A$ and $B$, what is the minimal commutator length of the 2020th (for instance) power of an element $g\in A*B$ not conjugate to elements of the free factors? The exhaustive answer to this question is still unknown, but we can give an almost answer: this minimum is one of two numbers (simply depending on $A$ and $B$). Other similar problems are also considered.
On invariant CCC σ−ideals

We re-read Rec law’s proof from [6] on invariant CCC σ−ideals of subsets of reals and obtain a reasonably stronger corollary for such ideals on the Cantor space. 1. Preliminaries. In 1998 Rec law in [6] investigated cardinal invariants of CCC σ−ideals of subsets of reals. In particular, he showed that if such a σ−ideal J is invariant, then p ≤ non(J ), where p is a pseudointersection number (cf. [8] for more details). In this paper we analyze his proof and get an apparently stronger result for σ− ideals of subsets of the Cantor space 2. We use standard set-theoretical notation and terminology derived from [1]. Let us remind that the cardinality of the set of all real numbers is denoted by c. The cardinality of a set X is denoted by |X|. By [ω] we denote the family of all infinite subsets of ω. If φ : X → Y is a function then rng(φ) denotes the range of φ. Let (G, +) be an abelian Polish (i.e. separable, completely metrizable, without isolated points) group and let J be a σ− ideal of subsets of G (we assume from now on that J is proper and contains all singletons). We will consider that J is invariant, that is for every A ⊆ G and g ∈ G we have A + g = {a + g : a ∈ A} ∈ J and −A = {−a : a ∈ A} ∈ J ). Moreover, we will assume that the σ−ideal J has a Borel basis i.e. every set from J is contained in a certain Borel set from the ideal. We say that J is CCC (countable chain condition) if the quotient Boolean algebra B(G)/J is CCC, where B(G) is the σ−algebra of all Borel subsets of G. We define the following cardinal invariants of J . non(J ) = min{|B| : B ⊆ G ∧ B 6∈ J }, covt(J ) = min{|T | : T ⊆ G ∧ (∃A ∈ J ) A + T = G}, 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 03E05, 03E17.
Using Gaia DR2 to solve differential colour refraction and charge transfer efficiency issues

The Gaia DR2 catalog released in 2018 gives information about more than one billion stars, including their extremely precise positions that are not affected by the atmosphere, as well as the magnitudes in the G, RP, and BP passbands. This information provides great potential for the improvement of the ground-based astrometry. Based on Gaia DR2, we present a convenient method to calibrate the differential color refraction (DCR). This method only requires observations with dozens of stars taken through a selected filter. Applying this method to the reduction of observations captured through different filters by the 1-m and 2.4-m telescopes at Yunnan Observatory, the results show that the mean of the residuals between observed and computed positions (O-C) after DCR correction is significantly reduced. For our observations taken through an N (null) filter, the median of the mean (O-C) for well-exposed stars (about 15 G-mag) decreases from 19 mas to 3 mas, thus achieving better accuracy, i.e. mean (O-C). Another issue correlated is a systematic error caused by the poor charge transfer efficiency (CTE) when a CCD frame is read out. This systematic error is significant for some of the observations captured by the 1-m telescope at Yunnan Observatory. Using a sigmoidal function to fit and correct the mean (O-C), a systematic error up to 30 mas can be eliminated.
Ground-state phase diagram of the three-band Hubbard model from density matrix embedding theory

We determine the ground-state phase diagram of the three-band Hubbard model across a range of model parameters using density matrix embedding theory. We study the atomic-scale nature of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) and superconducting (SC) orders, explicitly including the oxygen degrees of freedom. All parametrizations of the model display AFM and SC phases, but the decay of AFM order with doping is too slow compared to the experimental phase diagram, and further, coexistence of AFM and SC orders occurs in all parameter sets. The local magnetic moment localizes entirely at the copper sites. The magnetic phase diagram is particularly sensitive to $\Delta_{pd}$ and $t_{pp}$, and existing estimates of the charge transfer gap $\Delta_{pd}$ appear too large in so-called minimal model parametrizations. The electron-doped side of the phase diagram is qualitatively distinct from hole-doped side and we find an unusual two-peak structure in the SC in the full model parametrization. Examining the SC order at the atomic scale, within the larger scale $d_{x^2 - y^2}$-wave SC pairing order between Cu-Cu and O-O, we also observe a local $p_{x (y)}$ [or $d_{xz (yz)}$]-symmetry modulation of the pair density on the Cu-O bonds. Our work highlights some of the new features that arise in a three-band versus one-band picture, the role of the oxygen degrees of freedom in new kinds of atomic-scale SC orders, and the necessity of re-evaluating current parametrizations of the three-band Hubbard model.
Overparameterized neural networks implement associative memory

Significance Development of computational models of memory is a subject of long-standing interest at the intersection of machine learning and neuroscience. Our main finding is that overparameterized neural networks trained using standard optimization methods provide a simple mechanism for implementing associative memory. Remarkably, this mechanism allows for the storage and retrieval of sequences of examples. This finding also sheds light on inductive biases in overparameterized networks: while there are many functions that can achieve zero training loss in the overparameterized regime, our result shows that increasing depth and width in neural networks leads to maps that are more contractive around training examples, thereby allowing for storage and retrieval of more training examples. Identifying computational mechanisms for memorization and retrieval of data is a long-standing problem at the intersection of machine learning and neuroscience. Our main finding is that standard overparameterized deep neural networks trained using standard optimization methods implement such a mechanism for real-valued data. We provide empirical evidence that 1) overparameterized autoencoders store training samples as attractors and thus iterating the learned map leads to sample recovery, and that 2) the same mechanism allows for encoding sequences of examples and serves as an even more efficient mechanism for memory than autoencoding. Theoretically, we prove that when trained on a single example, autoencoders store the example as an attractor. Lastly, by treating a sequence encoder as a composition of maps, we prove that sequence encoding provides a more efficient mechanism for memory than autoencoding.
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists to prevent hyperinflammation and death from lower respiratory tract infection

In severe viral pneumonia, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the viral replication phase is often followed by hyperinflammation, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, and death. We previously demonstrated that alpha-1 adrenergic receptor (⍺1-AR) antagonists can prevent hyperinflammation and death in mice. Here, we conducted retrospective analyses in two cohorts of patients with acute respiratory distress (ARD, n = 18,547) and three cohorts with pneumonia (n = 400,907). Federated across two ARD cohorts, we find that patients exposed to ⍺1-AR antagonists, as compared to unexposed patients, had a 34% relative risk reduction for mechanical ventilation and death (OR = 0.70, p = 0.021). We replicated these methods on three pneumonia cohorts, all with similar effects on both outcomes. All results were robust to sensitivity analyses. These results highlight the urgent need for prospective trials testing whether prophylactic use of ⍺1-AR antagonists ameliorates lower respiratory tract infection-associated hyperinflammation and death, as observed in COVID-19.
Seasonality in phosphorus release rates from the sediments of a hypereutrophic lake under a matrix of pH and redox conditions

Phosphorus release rates were measured on intact sediment cores collected from the major depositional basin of Onondaga Lake, a dimictic, calcareous, hypereutrophic system in Syracuse, N.Y. , U.S.A. Release experiments were conducted under a matrix of redox and pH conditions to investigate the importance of Ca- and Fe-related physicochemistry on sediment cores collected seasonally, i.e., during the spring, summer, fall, and winter periods. Strong seasonal variation in P release was observed, with rates ranging from ~3 to 38 mg P·m-2·day-1. This variation is attributed to changes in redox status and P concentration gradients at the sediment-water interface. An oxidized microlayer at the sediment-water interface partially inhibits sediment P release under isothermal, well-mixed conditions in the spring and fall. Phosphorus trapped in the oxic microlayer (sorption) is freed when the microlayer is chemically reduced at the onset of anoxia and high P release rates are observed. The oxidized microlayer serves to.
Maturational changes of endothelial vasoactive factors and pulmonary vascular tone at birth

The aim of this study was to determine which endothelial factors were involved in the decrease of pulmonary vascular resistance at birth, and how they changed with maturation. Response of intrapulmonary artery rings precontracted with prostaglandin F2alpha were studied from piglets aged <2 h, 2-3 day, 10 day and adult pigs for pharmacological responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and cromakalim (CMK) in the presence and the absence of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), the adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel blocker, glibenclamide and the endothelin (ET)-A receptor antagonist, BQ123. In situ hybridization and immunochemistry studies were performed in lung tissues of the same animals in order to determine the expression of NOS and ET. There was a small contractile effect of ACh in the newborn. Relaxation to ACh, which was blocked by L-NA and reduced by glibenclamide, only appeared from the age of 3 days. The significantly greater relaxation to CMK in rings without endothelium (p<0.05) was abolished by BQ123 in the newborn, and then disappeared by 2 days of age. Glibenclamide had a greater inhibitory effect on relaxation induced by CMK at 10 days than in the newborn and 2 days old piglets. NOS expression was low in pulmonary arteries of the newborn and increased by 2 days of age whereas the converse was seen with ET expression. It is concluded that: 1) relaxant response to acetylcholine was absent at birth and appeared at 2 days; 2) the reduced relaxant response to cromakalin in rings with endothelium at birth could be blocked by BQ123; and 3) the expression of endothelin decreased whereas the expression of nitric oxide synthase increased from birth to 2 days of age.
An unusual case of Staphylococcus pasteuri osteomyelitis

Staphylococcus pasteuri is a gram-positive organism found in food products as well as naturally occurring in air and on surfaces. We present the first known case of Staphylococcus pasteuri osteomyelitis caused by machine injection injury. The patient was treated with emergent surgical debridement as well as doxycycline for a soft tissue infection. Despite targeted therapy, the infection progressed to osteomyelitis and was treated successfully with additional surgical debridement and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. There is sparse information on both infections and treatment of Staphylococcus pasteuri. We present our case report as well as a review of the literature on the epidemiology, susceptibility and treatment recommendations for Staphylococcus pasteuri infections.
ASPECTOS MORFOLÓGICOS DE FRUTOS, SEMENTES, PLÂNTULAS E MUDAS DE JATOBÁ-DO-CERRADO (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart.ex Hayne) - FABACEAE 1

The objectives of the present paper were to describe and to illustrate the internal and external morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, and the morphology of germination process and seedlings of the jatoba-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart.ex Hayne.) The results could enhance the knowledge of wood flora from the "cerrado", contributing to the interpretation of germination tests in laboratory and seedling production in nursery, as well as for seedlings identification in natural reforestation studies.