Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To Read or Not to Read? Exploring the Reading Habits of Hospitality Management Students

ABSTRACT College educators may have concerns about the reading habits of their students in general and within disciplines, and may wish to understand more about their students’ reading habits. Therefore, this Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) study investigated students’ perceptions of their own reading habits; 124 surveys were collected from hospitality and tourism students at a university in the southeastern United States. Students at higher levels reported reading more than others, grade point average was related to reading, and several themes connected to their reading habits were identified. Based on the results of the study, implications are discussed, strategies for encouraging reading are provided, and further research is suggested.
Collaborative Problem-Solving Strategies and Cognitive Style: The Impact and Interaction on Students' Mathematical Reasoning Abilities

This study aims at identifying the effect of collaborative problem solving (CPS) learning strategies on students' mathematical reasoning abilities with different cognitive styles, namely field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FD). This study is a quasi-experimental study with a 2x2 factorial design. A total of 103 students of SMPN 3 Mesuji, Indonesia as research subjects. Mathematical reasoning ability data were obtained from essay tests and cognitive style data were obtained from the GEFT test. Data analysis used two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The results of this study are: 1) there were significant differences in mathematical reasoning abilities between students who received collaborative problem solving and direct instruction learning strategies, 2) there were significant differences in mathematical reasoning abilities between students who had field dependent and field independent cognitive styles, 3) there was no significant interaction between different learning strategies (collaborative problem solving and direct instruction) and cognitive styles (field dependent and field independent) on mathematical reasoning abilities.
A Novel Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization Based on Wave State and Sea Foam

A wave state related sea surface roughness parameterization scheme that takes into account the impact of sea foam is proposed in this study. Using eight observational datasets, the performances of two most widely used wave state related parameterizations are examined under various wave conditions. Based on the different performances of two wave state related parameterizations under different wave state, and by introducing the effect of sea foam, a new sea surface roughness parameterization suitable for low to extreme wind conditions is proposed. The behaviors of drag coefficient predicted by the proposed parameterization match the field and laboratory measurements well. It is shown that the drag coefficient increases with the increasing wind speed under low and moderate wind speed conditions, and then decreases with increasing wind speed, due to the effect of sea foam under high wind speed conditions. The maximum values of the drag coefficient are reached when the 10 m wind speeds are in the range of 30–35 m/s.
The role of proximity relations in the integration process into the network: an analysis of CEOs’ life narratives

ABSTRACT This article looks at the collaboration relations of CEOs during different phases of the integration process into a network by using various proximity dimensions. Based on the life narratives of 21 CEO members belonging to a regional network, our study underlines that three integration phases exist, within which different proximity forms are mobilised. Whereas, institutional, personal and social proximities are significant during the entry phase, temporary geographical and cognitive proximities appear to be essential for building collaboration. Moreover, if social and personal dimensions play essential roles in starting collaborations, we note that social proximity remains less decisive for joint collaborative projects. These results enrich recent debates about the dimensions of proximity. They open lines of thinking about ways to encourage the integration of new members.
Economic conditions, task shares, and overqualification

This article demonstrates that economic conditions affect job match quality by influencing the task shares of available jobs. Cognitive (reasoning/communication) and physical (sensory/coordination) task shares and education-based overqualification measures are generated from Canada’s Labour Force Survey, the Career Handbook, and the Occupational Information Network database. In unfavourable labour markets, cognitive task intensity decreases and physical task intensity rises. The task content of newly formed jobs is then shown to be an important empirical determinant of overqualification. A calibrated search model that accounts for these findings quantifies the costs of increased overqualification. Each percentage point increase in unemployment raises overqualification by 5.8 percentage points, partly due to changes in task shares. Economic output subsequently decreases by about 0.6%.
Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant and non-pregnant women: a retrospective study

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arises from infection with the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The susceptible population can be of any age and gender; thus, the disease threatens the health and life of everyone, including pregnant women. Pregnancy can influence the physiological function of various organs, and thus may affect the prognosis of many infectious diseases. For example, higher mortality rates and more complications were reported in pregnant patients infected with SARS-CoV than those in non-pregnant patients.
Cover Crop Contributions to Improve the Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Sequestration in Almond Orchards (SW Spain)

Almond (Prunus dulcis Mill. [D.A. Webb]) is the third most widely spread crop in Spain and has traditionally been cultivated in marginal areas and shallow soils under rainfed conditions. However, it recently has been progressively introduced in flat irrigated areas. The implementation of cover crops in the inter-rows of woody crops has been proven as a suitable strategy to reduce the runoff and soil erosion but they also can boost soil quality and health. A field experiment was conducted during two-monitoring seasons to examine the soil nitrogen and carbon sequestration potential of three seeded cover crops [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and a mixture of 65% barley and 35% vetch] and a control of spontaneous flora in irrigated almond orchards (SW Spain). Here, we show that barley provided the highest biomass amount, followed by mixture covers, vetch, and the control treatment. Also, vetch covered the soil faster in the growing stage, but its residues were decomposed easier than barley and mixture treatments during the decomposition period after mowing, providing less soil protection when the risk of water erosion with autumn rainfall is high. On the other hand, vetch improved soil nitrate content by over 35% with respect to barley and mixture treatments at 0–20 cm soil depth throughout the studied period. In addition, a greater carbon input to the soil was determined in the barley plot. That is, the mixture and barley cover crops had higher potential for carbon sequestration, augmenting the soil organic carbon by more than 1.0 Mg ha−1 during the study period. Thus, taking into consideration the findings of the present experiment, the establishment of a seeded cover crop would be more advisable than spontaneous flora to mitigate soil erosion, enhancing soil fertility and carbon sequestration in irrigated almond plantations in Mediterranean semi-arid regions.
Effect of two volatile oils extracted from Syzygium aromaticum, Mentha longifolia, and imidacloprid on Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Background: The L3 of Lucilia cuprina grow and feed on the living flesh of the sheep. Besides, they cause cutaneous myiasis. Herbal medicine showed potential efficacy against several pathogens as well as insecticidal effects. Objectives: The present work aims to investigate effect of two volatile oils, Syzygium aromaticum, Mentha longifolia and the chemical neonicotinoid, imidacloprid (IMI), on the developmental stages of L. cuprina. Material and Methods: Early L3 of L. cuprina were exposed to five concentrations of the three selected compounds under investigation. The procedures were replicated four times for each concentration, and 25 larvae were used for each replicate. Average larval mortality rates were subjected to probit model analysis for calculating LC25, LC50, LC90. Acetylcholine esterase (Ach E) activity was measured using acetylcholine bromide (Ach Br) as substrate because the testing compounds have anti -cholinesterase activity. Results: It was observed that the volatile oil LC50 of M. longifolia (3.35%) gave higher mortality of third instar larvae compared with that produced by S. aromaticum oil (6.06%). IMI was the most effective larvicidal agent with LC50 of 0.000853%. Both volatile oils induced complete disintegration in epicuticle and the epidermis of larval integument, and extensive damage of epithelial cells of midgut. Treatments by both oils and IMI induced deformed adult flies, with significant larval mortality and the highest pupal mortality after treatment with IMI, compared to controls. The AcH E activity showed insignificant reduction after treatment with the LC50 of both essential oils and IMI. Conclusion: The inhibitory effect of the two volatile oils and IMI on the biology, histology and Ach E activity suggest that they may be considered as control agents against the myiasis causing fly L. cuprina.
A Subsidized Healthy Food Prescription Program for Adults with type 2 Diabetes who are Experiencing Food Insecurity: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial, Modelling and Implementation Studies

Background: The high cost of many healthy foods poses a significant challenge to the maintenance of optimal blood glucose levels for adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who are experiencing food insecurity, leading to diabetes complications and excess acute care usage and costs. Subsidized healthy food prescription programs may help to reduce food insecurity by financially supporting patients to improve their diet quality, prevent diabetes complications and avoid acute care use. This study will use a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation design to examine the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance (RE-AIM) of a subsidized healthy food prescription program for adults who are experiencing food insecurity and persistent hyperglycemia. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will investigate program effectiveness via impact on blood glucose levels (primary outcome), food insecurity, diet quality and other clinical and patient-reported outcomes. A modelling study will estimate longer-term program effectiveness in reducing diabetes-related complications, resource use and costs. An implementation study will examine all RE-AIM domains, including reasons behind program successes and failures, fidelity, mechanisms of impact, contextual determinants of effective implementation and sustainability. Methods: 404 adults who are experiencing food insecurity and persistent hyperglycemia, including adults who identify as Indigenous, will be randomized to a subsidized healthy food prescription intervention (n=202) or a healthy food prescription comparison group (n=202). Both groups will receive a healthy food prescription. The intervention group will additionally receive $1.50/day/household member to purchase healthy foods in supermarkets for 6 months. The implementation process will follow the Quality Implementation Framework. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and follow-up (6 months) in the RCT and analyzed using mixed-effects linear and multinomial logistic/ordinal regression models. Longer-term outcomes will be modelled using the validated UK Prospective Diabetes Study outcomes simulation model-2. Implementation processes and outcomes will be continuously measured via quantitative and qualitative data and analyzed using descriptive statistics and theory-informed directed content analysis, respectively. Discussion: This research will provide a comprehensive body of data with high internal and external validity to assist policymakers and practitioners to effectively and rapidly translate the evidence generated into programs and policies to support patients with T2DM who are experiencing food insecurity. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04725630 (January 25, 2021; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04725630? term=Subsidized+Healthy+Food+Prescription+Program&cond=Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+2&draw=2&rank=1).
Assessment of an ultrasound bladder scanner in prostate radiotherapy: A validation study and analysis of bladder filling variability

Introduction During prostate radiotherapy treatment, it is important to ensure the position of the bladder and prostate is consistent between treatments. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative basis for incorporating ultrasound bladder volume estimates into local practice for prostate radiotherapy. Methods Agreement between bladder volume estimates obtained using computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound was assessed. Analysis of bladder volumes between planning and treatment scans was used to quantify expected variations in bladder volume over the course of radiotherapy. Dose–volume statistics were estimated and compared to planned dose constraints to propose a target bladder volume and tolerance. Results Bladder volume measurements were obtained from 19 radiotherapy patients using ultrasound and CT. Ultrasound underestimated bladder volume compared to CT with a mean bias of –28 ± 30 ml. Pre-treatment (planning) bladder volumes varied from 71 to 383 ml with a mean of 200 ml. Treatment bladder volumes reduced by more than half in 9% of patients during the course of their treatment, potentially leading to a 30% increase in mean bladder dose. Patients with pre-treatment bladder volumes < 200 ml were most likely to exhibit differences in bladder volume, resulting in ‘out of tolerance’ increases in dose. Conclusions A pragmatic individualised drinking protocol, aimed at achieving a minimum ultrasound bladder volume of 200 ml at planning CT, may be beneficial to reproducibility in radiotherapy treatment. Ultrasound measurements prior to treatment should ideally confirm that bladder volume is at least half the volume measured at planning.
Influence of Price Level and Perceived Price Dispersion on Consumer Information Search Behaviour: Moderating Effect of Durables and Consumables

The methods consumers use to reduce their perceived risk and make reasonable purchase decisions can be synthesized under the umbrella term “consumer information search behavior” (CISB). As one key factor that conveys a product’s value and quality, price has a significant impact on CISB. There are few studies that comprehensively consider the impact of price level (PL) and perceived price dispersion (PPD) on CISB, and there is a certain disagreement about the impact of PPD specific to the online shopping environment. To address this research gap, we construct a model using the data from 5515 consumers’ purchasing and browsing behavior on a B2C e-commerce website, selecting six products as our research objects. We use a hierarchical regression analysis method to study the influence of product PL and PPD on CISB, and to explore the moderating effect of product categories (durables and consumables) on the relationship between PL, PPD and CISB. The results show that PL significantly affects CISB, and that product categories have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between PL and CISB. For durable goods, when the PL is high, consumers tend to increase their search behavior, both in depth and in breadth, and for consumables with low PL but higher purchase frequency, consumers likewise tend to increase their search behavior. In the B2C online shopping environment, PPD has a significant positive effect on CISB, and product category has a moderating effect on the relationship between PPD and CISB. When consumers purchase consumables, the higher the PPD, the higher the depth of CISB. The findings have several implications for marketing practitioners and enterprises advertising, also can help customers save time and energy in their search behaviors.
Career Competencies and Career Success: On the Roles of Employability Activities and Academic Satisfaction During the School-to-Work Transition

Building on the integrative career competencies framework, we examined the indirect association between career competencies, assessed at graduation, and subjective career success (SCS) via employability activities, both assessed six months after graduation, among a sample of 613 Italian graduates. We also examined the moderating role of three facets of academic satisfaction (i.e., vocational choice, educational goals, and occupational prospects). Our findings showed an indirect relation between career competencies and SCS through employability activities. Furthermore, academic satisfaction acted as a moderator. The results of this time-lagged study, that tapped into the actual transition into work process, have implications for (1) school-to-work transitions, providing insights into graduates’ transition into the labor market, (2) employability, focusing on employability activities and providing additional knowledge on their antecedents and outcomes, and (3) career competencies, providing further empirical evidence that career competencies are an important resource that graduates can mobilize to during and after their school-to-work transition.
Global Impact of Cloud Longwave Scattering in an Atmosphere‐Only General Circulation Model Simulation

Most general circulation models (GCMs) neglect cloud longwave scattering in pursuit of computational efficiency. This study implements the 2‐/4‐stream (2/4S) method, a relatively fast cloud longwave scattering treatment, in Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5) to analyze the impact of cloud longwave scattering on the large‐scale circulation. Two 45‐years‐long integrations are performed with prescribed sea surface temperature (SST). In the experiment run, cloud longwave scattering is included using the 2/4S method; in the control run, clouds only absorb in the longwave. The results show that cloud longwave scattering acts to enhance the cloud longwave (greenhouse) effect by reducing outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and enhancing downward longwave irradiance at the surface. The OLR reduction is most significant over the tropics, where surface temperatures and cloud elevations are high. The surface downward irradiance increase is most significant over polar areas and the Tibetan Plateau, where cloud elevations are low and the air below clouds is dry. Inclusion of cloud longwave scattering enhances the Walker circulation, suggestive of the importance of diabatic radiative heating in the tropical circulation. Inclusion of cloud longwave scattering also appears to shift the eddy‐driven jet poleward in the austral summer in the Southern Hemisphere, suggesting that the cloud longwave effect plays a role in shaping the jet position. Persistent equatorward jet biases in GCMs may be reduced if cloud longwave scattering is considered.
Cheers together, but not alone: Peer drinking moderates alcohol consumption following interpersonal stress

In view of the importance of the need to belong in motivating behavior, we examined whether interpersonal and academic stress differentially influence social and solitary alcohol consumption and whether social and solitary alcohol consumption differentially predict next-day interpersonal and academic stress. Based on research suggesting that drinking with friends is related to increased alcohol consumption following belongingness threat, we also examined whether peer consumption moderates associations between daily interpersonal stress and social drinking. Each day for 30 days, 1641 undergraduates reported stress, alcohol consumption, and peer consumption. Academic stress was related to lower levels of social and solitary alcohol consumption. Interpersonal stress was associated with greater social alcohol consumption, but only when students reported being around others who were drinking greater than average peer quantities. However, although social drinking was related to lower next-day academic stress, it was unrelated to next-day interpersonal stress. Findings are consistent with the notion that individuals’ perceptions of peers’ alcohol use might serve as a signal to join in this behavior to reduce belongingness threats associated with interpersonal stressors, although this may not be an effective strategy.
Pitch-angle distribution of accelerated electrons in 3D current sheets with magnetic islands

Aims. This research aims to explore variations of electron pitch-angle distributions (PADs) during spacecraft crossing of reconnecting current sheets (RCSs) with magnetic islands. Our results can benchmark the sampled characteristic features with realistic PADs derived from in situ observations. Methods. Particle motion is simulated in 2.5D Harris-type RCSs using the particle-in-cell method and considering the plasma feedback to electromagnetic fields induced by accelerated particles. We evaluate particle energy gains and PADs in different locations with virtual spacecraft passing the current sheet while moving in the different directions. The RCS parameters are comparable to heliosphere and solar wind conditions. Results. The energy gains and the PADs of particles would change depending on the specific topology of the magnetic fields. In addition, the observed PADs also depend on the crossing paths of the spacecraft. When the guiding field is weak, the bi-directional electron beams (strahls) are mainly present inside the islands and are located just above or below the X-nullpoints in the inflow regions. The magnetic field relaxation near the X-nullpoint alters the PADs towards 90°. As the guiding field becomes larger, the regions with bi-directional strahls are compressed towards small areas in the exhausts of RCSs. Mono-directional strahls are quasi-parallel to the magnetic field lines near the X-nullpoint due to the dominant Fermi-type magnetic curvature-drift acceleration. Meanwhile, the high-energy electrons confined inside magnetic islands create PADs of around 90°. Conclusions. Our results link the electron PADs to local magnetic structures and the directions of spacecraft crossings. This can help to explain a variety of the PAD features reported in recent observations in the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere.
Low temperature decomposition of metal borohydride drives autogenous synthesis of MgB2

We describe a low temperature, autogenous pressure method to synthesise mm-scale MgB2 aggregates with highly connected grains. The decomposition of metal borohydrides such as NaBH4 and KBH4 at low temperature (i.e. < 150 °C) in the presence of Mg provides reactive boron species at pressure and subsequent formation of MgB2 in high yield. Optimum synthesis conditions include heating to 250 °C for > 30 min then a ramp to 450 °C < Tmax < 500 °C and 1.4 MPa < Pmax < 2.2 MPa. Reactions with KBH4 release reactive boron species at higher temperature (∼130 °C) than reactions with NaBH4 (∼80 °C–100 °C). Alkali metal solubility in MgB2 is at ∼ppm levels. The onset superconducting transition temperature, Tc, for MgB2 produced by these syntheses ranges between 38.3 and 38.5 K. Magnetic measurements of MgB2 aggregates show a grain connectivity comparable to powders produced at higher temperature (> 800 °C) and suggests that this synthesis approach may be effective for ex situ wire production.