Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fifteen years of experience with the oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine: reflections on lessons learned

ABSTRACT Introduction Rotavirus (RV) disease remains a prominent cause of disease burden in children <5 years of age worldwide. However, implementation of RV vaccination has led to significant reductions in RV mortality, compared to the pre-vaccination era. This review presents 15 years of real-world experience with the oral live-attenuated human RV vaccine (HRV; Rotarix). HRV is currently introduced in ≥80 national immunization programs (NIPs), as 2 doses starting from 6 weeks of age. Areas covered The clinical development of HRV and post-marketing experience indicating the impact of HRV vaccination on RV disease was reviewed. Expert opinion In clinical trials, HRV displayed an acceptable safety profile and efficacy against RV-gastroenteritis, providing broad protection against heterotypic RV strains by reducing the consequences of severe RV disease in infants. Real-world evidence shows substantial, rapid reduction in the number of RV infections and associated hospitalizations following introduction of HRV in NIPs, regardless of economic setting. Indirect effects against RV disease are also observed, such as herd protection, decrease in nosocomial infections incidence, and a reduction of disease-related societal/healthcare costs. However, not all countries have implemented RV vaccination. Coverage remains suboptimal and should be improved to maximize the benefits of RV vaccination. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY What is the context? Rotaviruses are a leading cause of diarrheal diseases worldwide. They account for substantial morbidity and mortality among young children under 5 years, with developing countries showing a higher disease burden. Although rotavirus vaccines have contributed to reductions in disease burden, they have not substantially averted deaths from rotavirus infection in the regions with the highest burden due to low coverage What is new? We reviewed almost 15 years of data from national immunization programs and private use settings to summarize the global experience with the rotavirus vaccine Rotarix (GSK). We showed that vaccination with Rotarix: Has a long term and substantial impact on disease burden in diverse geographic and socio-economic settings Significantly reduces diarrhea-related hospitalizations and death rates Provides indirect benefits such as herd protection to children who are too old or too young to be vaccinated; the reduction of hospital-acquired infections; and significant cost savings for healthcare systems, households and society. Why is this important? Despite promising real-world data and a favorable benefit-risk profile, the overall uptake of Rotarix is still suboptimal Increasing awareness of the high disease burden and significant vaccine impact is critical for motivating healthcare professionals to advocate for rotavirus vaccination and convincing policymakers to implement national rotavirus immunization
Too much or too little? Exploring effort perception in schizophrenia within the framework of motivational intensity theory

ABSTRACT Introduction: To explain motivational difficulties in schizophrenia (SZ), attention has focused on the reward system and effort-based decision-making deficits. However, according to motivational intensity theory (MIT), effort is not directly determined by reward but by task difficulty. Moreover, no studies have examined the effort perception in the SZ. Therefore, this cross-sectional study compared effort perception in SZ group with healthy controls. Method: Task difficulty was manipulated by increasing the distance covered (from 8 to 48 metres). Walking speed, perceptions of difficulty and effort were assessed for all difficulty levels. Clinical and bodyweight variables were recorded. Results: As postulated by MIT, perceived effort and difficulty increased with task difficulty in both groups. Perceived effort and difficulty were higher in the SZ group. Perceptions of effort were positively correlated with BMI in SZ, but not with clinical variables. Importantly, although SZ patients perceived the task as more effortful, walking speed was similar between groups. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggested that individuals with SZ perceived more strongly the effort and the difficulty of the task but could mobilise more effort to complete it. This observation may explain in part the decrease in engaging in physical demanding activities in daily life in SZ.
The Association between Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness of Normal Weight/Overweight/Obese University Students

This study aimed to apply longitudinal data (in four waves) to examine relationships between body mass index (BMI), flexibility, muscular endurance, and explosive power, and employed a random-intercept panel model (RIPM) to divide the variations of different waves into between- and within-person variations. Furthermore, a multi-group model test was conducted to explore whether an interaction effect existed between sex and these relationships. The data were collected from a university in Taiwan between August 2009 and July 2010, and 3863 freshman and junior students were recruited. Results showed that the between- and within-person relationships between BMI and explosive power, and between BMI and muscular endurance, were negative (independent of sex). The negative between- and within-person associations between BMI and muscular endurance were both invariant with respect to sex. The negative between-person associations between BMI and explosive power were not equivalent for both sexes, yet the within-person associations between BMI and explosive power were equivalent for both sexes. The between-person associations between BMI and flexibility were positive for both sexes, but the within-person associations of these two variables were negative for both sexes. The invariance test confirmed that the positive associations of between-person BMI and between-person flexibility were invariant for both sexes, yet the negative associations of within-person BMI and within-person flexibility were not equivalent for both sexes. Between-and within-person correlations among explosive power, muscular endurance, and flexibility were significantly positive. Only the auto-regressions of BMI and muscular endurance were significant and equivalent for both sexes.
Effects of Remote Ischemic Pre-Conditioning to Prevent Contrast-Induced Nephropathy after Intravenous Contrast Medium Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective We aimed to assess the effects of remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) on the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after an intravenous (IV) or intra-arterial injection of contrast medium (CM) in patient and control groups. Materials and Methods This prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial included 26 patients who were hospitalized for the evaluation of the feasibility of transcatheter aortic valve implantation and underwent investigations including contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), with Mehran risk scores greater than or equal to six. All the patients underwent four cycles of five minute-blood pressure cuff inflation followed by five minutes of total deflation. In the RIPC group (n = 13), the cuff was inflated to 50 mm Hg above the patient's systolic blood pressure (SBP); in the control group (n = 13), it was inflated to 10 mm Hg below the patient's SBP. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of CIN. Additionally, variation in the serum levels of cystatin C was assessed. Results One case of CIN was observed in the control group, whereas no cases were detected in the RIPC group (p = 0.48, analysis of 25 patients). Mean creatinine values at the baseline, 24 hours after injection of CM, and 48 hours after injection of CM were 88 ± 32 µmol/L, 91 ± 28 µmol/L and 82 ± 29 µmol/L, respectively (p = 0.73) in the RIPC group, whereas in the control group, they were 100 ± 36 µmol/L, 110 ± 36 µmol/L, and 105 ± 34 µmol/L, respectively (p = 0.78). Cystatin C values (median [Q1, Q3]) at the baseline, 24 hours after injection of CM, and 48 hours after injection of CM were 1.10 [1.08, 1.18] mg/L, 1.17 [0.97, 1.35] mg/L, and 1.12 [0.99, 1.24] mg/L, respectively (p = 0.88) in the RIPC group, whereas they were 1.11 [0.97, 1.28] mg/L, 1.13 [1.08, 1.25] mg/L, and 1.16 [1.03, 1.31] mg/L, respectively (p = 0.93), in the control group. Conclusion The risk of CIN after an IV injection of CM is very low in patients with Mehran risk score greater than or equal to six and even in the patients who are unable to receive preventive hyperhydration. Hence, the Mehran risk score may not be an appropriate method for the estimation of the risk of CIN after IV CM injection.
Flexibility of Biodegradable Polymer Stents with Different Strut Geometries

Objective: Biodegradable stents (BDSs) represent a new technological development in the field of cardiovascular angioplasty; good flexibility helps stents pass through tortuous vessels during delivery and reduces the amount of damage caused to blood vessels. This study investigates the relationship between flexibility and the geometry of BDS struts. Methods: Four stent struts with different geometry (circular, triangular, hexagonal, and spline curved) and the same links were modeled to evaluate their flexibility via a three-point bending experimental method and a numerical method. Results: The bending state of the four stents was well-balanced. The bending effect of the four stents was different. Under the same conditions, the circular and spline curved stents showed the best bending effects while the hexagonal stent was the worst. However, these differences were not significant. Conclusion: The flexibility of BDSs is related to the geometry of the struts and links; however, the geometry of the struts has less effect on flexibility than the links. The greater the area enclosed by the strut centerline, the better flexibility of the stent.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection in the Radiology Department of Hospitals in Wuhan, China

Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society of Radiology Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection in the Radiology Department of Hospitals in Wuhan, China Yumeng Tang, MMed*, Ziqiao Lei, MD*, Sheng Liu, MSc, Jing Li, PhD, Shuguang Xie, MSc, Yantao Niu, MD, Lijun Tang, PhD Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China; Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
The Impact of Parental Remote Migration and Parent-Child Relation Types on the Psychological Resilience of Rural Left-Behind Children in China

Using survey data of middle school students from Ye county in Henan province and Chenggu and Ningqiang county in Shaanxi province, China, adopting latent class analysis and hierarchical linear regression, this study analyzes the impact of parental remote migration and parent-child relation types on the psychological resilience of rural left-behind children. The results show that: Only mother’s remote migration has a significantly negative impact on the psychological resilience of rural left-behind children, the time of parental first migration, the distance of father’s migration, and children’s migration have no significant impacts; parent-child relation of “alienation connection and weak function” or parent-child relation combination of “parental alienation connection and weak function” is the most unfavorable factor for the psychological resilience of rural left-behind children, while father-child relation of “close connection but lacking function”, mother-child relation of “intimate connection and strong function”, and combination of “paternal close connection but lacking function - maternal intimate connection and strong function” are the most favorable factors. There is gender difference in the impact of father-child relation types and mother-child relation types, the impact of father-child relation types is stronger than that of mother-child relation types; harmonious parental relation, supportive friends, caring teachers, and moderate home-school interaction are favorable for the psychological resilience of rural left-behind children.
Yield, persistence, and nutritive value of autumn-harvested tall fescue

Tall fescue, harvested or grazed in autumn, may be a potential source of forage but little is known of the effect of a fall harvest or grazing on yield and nutritive value of tall fescue in the mid-north of eastern Canada (˜ 1400 growing degree-days). Three tall fescue cultivars (Courtenay, Kokanee, and Montebello) were submitted to 10 harvest management treatments (two dates of second harvest and five dates of third harvest) over 3 production years in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region (QC). The cultivars Courtenay and Kokanee were more productive and persistent than Montebello. The annual DM yield decreased by an average of 15% between the first and the second production year and by an average of 35% between the first and the third production year; these decreases were greater (22 and 41%, respectively) when the third harvest was taken in early October. Increasing from 28 to 35 d the interval between the first and second harvests increased DM yield of the second harvest by more than 0.5 Mg ha-1, but caused.
New Alkenylresorcinols with Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities from the Leaves of Embelia schimperi

Abstract A phytochemical study of the methanol extract of the leaves of Embelia schimperi resulted in the isolation of three new alkenylresorcinols, 1 – 3, together with the known analogs 4 – 7. Their structures were established by a combination of spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1 – 7 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against human cervical cancer cells HeLa-S3 and more pronounced antimicrobial properties towards bacteria and filamentous fungi. The present study falls into an ongoing research project on the characterization of bioactive phenolic lipids from plants of the family Primulaceae.
Weed-Free Yield Response of Seven Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Cultivars to CGA-362622 Postemergence1

Field studies were conducted in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate the response of seven cotton cultivars to CGA-362622 applied postemergence at 7.5 and 15 g ai/ha to three- to five-leaf cotton. The cultivars evaluated included Deltapine 51, Deltapine NuCotn 33B, Paymaster 1220 RR, Paymaster 1220 BG/RR, Stoneville bromoxynil-resistant 47, Stoneville 474, and Sure-Grow 125. At 1 to 2 wk after treatment (WAT), CGA-362622 at 7.5 and 15 g/ha injured all cotton cultivars 7 to 9% and 13 to 15%, respectively. Cotton injury symptoms included chlorosis and minor stunting. At 3 to 4 WAT, injury from CGA-362622 at 7.5 and 15 g/ha was 2 to 6% and 7 to 9%, respectively. Except for Paymaster 1220 RR, Deltapine NuCotn 33B, and Stoneville 474, all cotton cultivars were injured more by the higher rate than by the lower rate of CGA-362622. Injury was not visibly apparent 6 to 8 WAT. CGA-362622 at either rate had no effect on cotton lint yield. Nomenclature: CGA-362622 (proposed common name trifloxysulfuron), N-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)carbamoyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-pyridin-2-sulfonamide sodium salt; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Deltapine 51’, ‘Deltapine NuCotn 33B’, ‘Paymaster 1220 RR’, ‘Paymaster 1220 BG/RR’, ‘Stoneville BXN 47’, ‘Stoneville 474’, ‘Sure-Grow 125’. Additional index words: Crop injury, crop yield. Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase; BXN, bromoxynil-resistant; LAYBY, late postemergence directed; POST, postemergence; WAT, weeks after treatment.
Novel mechanical ventilator weaning predictive model

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a common life support system in intensive care units. Accurate identification of patients who are capable of being extubated can shorten the MV duration and potentially reduce MV‐related complications. Therefore, prediction of patients who can successfully be weaned from the mechanical ventilator is an important issue. The electronic medical record system (EMRs) has been applied and developed in respiratory therapy in recent years. It can increase the quality of critical care. However, there is no perfect index available that can be used to determine successful MV weaning. Our purpose was to establish a novel model that can predict successful weaning from MV. Patients' information was collected from the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital respiratory therapy EMRs. In this retrospective study, we collected basic information, classic weaning index, and respiratory parameters during spontaneous breathing trials of patients eligible for extubation. According to the results of extubation, patients were divided into successful extubation and extubation failure groups. This retrospective cohort study included 169 patients. Statistical analysis revealed successful extubation predictors, including sex; height; oxygen saturation; Glasgow Coma Scale; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; pulmonary disease history; and the first, 30th, 60th, and 90th minute respiratory parameters. We built a predictive model based on these predictors. The area under the curve of this model was 0.889. We established a model for predicting the successful extubation. This model was novel to combine with serial weaning parameters and thus can help intensivists to make extubation decisions easily.
Nests built on power lines: Nest-site selection by long-tailed broadbills (Psarisomus dalhousiae) in Nonggang of Guangxi, China

The quality of breeding habitat may directly affect the survival and development of progeny. Therefore, the selection of a suitable nest-site is an important factor affecting the reproductive success of birds. The most important reason for a bird’s reproductive failure is nest predation. Predation may cause birds to change their nest-sites and even nest morphology. Here we investigated the nest-site characteristics by long-tailed broadbills (Psarisomus dalhousiae) in Nonggang, Guangxi, southwestern China. Our results showed that long-tailed broadbills in Nonggang mainly build their nests on power lines (88.5%) and nest-site selection was mainly affected by predation pressure and food resources. At the same time, nest-site concealment was trade-off against predator avoidance. This anti-predator strategy effectively utilizes human infrastructure.
Chemical Attractants for Females of Pest Pyralids and Phycitids (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitidae)

In field trapping tests conducted in Hungary large numbers of Pyralis costalis F. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a secondary pest, were attracted to traps baited with iso-amyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) and acetic acid. The same bait attracted lower numbers of P. farinalis L. , a well-known stored product pest. In both spp. the capture of the two-component blend was significantly higher than the catch in traps with the single com­po­nents. In tests conducted in a country mill, the blend of the above two com­pounds proved to be attractive towards Anagasta kuehniella Zell. and Plodia interpunctella Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae), both important pests of stored products worldwide. The majority of captured insects were females. The optimal ratio for attracting A. kuehniella was 1:1 to 1:10 iso-amyl alcohol:acetic acid. The related iso-amyl acetate was inactive. The addition of iso-butyl alcohol (2-methyl-1-propanol) did not influence acti­vity of the iso-amyl alcohol / acetic acid blend. Polyethylene dispensers w.
Evaluation of the Immunosafety of Cucurbit[n]uril on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vitro

Cucurbiturils (CB[n]s) are nanoscale macrocyclic compounds capable of encapsulating a molecule or part of a molecule by forming host–guest complexes. Integration of drugs with CB[n] is used for the following purposes: controlling clearance; protection of the drug from biodegradation; targeted delivery to specific organs, tissues, or cells; reduction of toxicity; and improving solubility. One of the major problems encountered in the application of new drug delivery systems is lack of knowledge of their biological properties. CB[n], unlike many other often toxic nanoparticles, has extremely low toxicity, even at high doses. However, many aspects of the biological actions of these nanoscale cavitands remain unclear, including the immunotropic properties. In this study, we investigated the immunotoxicity and immunomodulation properties of CB[n]. It was found that CB[7] and CB[6] did not decrease the viability of mononuclear cells at all tested concentrations from 0.1–1 mM. Overall, the results indicated an immunomodulatory effect of different concentrations of CB[n]. In the case of a longer cultivation time, CB[n] had an immunostimulating effect, which was indicated by an enhancement of the proliferative activity of cells and increased expression of HLA-DR on lymphocytes.
Mediterranean Diet Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention, Disease Progression, and Related Mechanisms. A Review

The search for a quality diet has grown over the past decade. Diet is considered one of the pillars for the prevention and progression of several diseases, among them: diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an epidemic of western countries that increases the vulnerability of other diseases, such as cardiovascular and cancer. T2D is associated with lifestyle and diet. The traditional Mediterranean diet has proven its benefits over several cardiovascular risk factors, and specifically on diabetes. This review compiles recent published evidence on the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the incidence and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its relation with several other cardiovascular healthy diets. We will also focus on how the Mediterranean diet could play a role in T2D-related mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory or antioxidant compounds, glucagon-like peptide agonist compounds, and changes in gut microbiota. Each component of the Mediterranean diet could be involved in processes related to diabetes homeostasis, many of them sharing common physio-pathological pathways. The importance of this diet within the set of habits of a healthy lifestyle must be emphasized.
Feasibility study of range verification based on proton-induced acoustic signals and recurrent neural network

Range verification in proton therapy is a critical quality assurance task. We studied the feasibility of online range verification based on proton-induced acoustic signals, using a bidirectional long-short-term-memory recurrent neural network and various signal processing techniques. Dose distribution of 1D pencil proton beams inside a CT image-based phantom was analytically calculated. The propagation of acoustic signal inside the phantom was modeled using the k-Wave toolbox. For signal processing, five methods were investigated: down-sampling (DS), DS + HT (Hilbert transform), Wavelet decomposition (Wavedec db1, db4 and db20). The performances were quantitatively evaluated in terms of mean absolute error, mean relative error (MRE) and the Bragg peak localization error ( ΔBP). In addition, the study analyzed the impact of noise levels, the number of sensors, as well as the location of sensors. For the noiseless case (32 sensors), the Wavedec db1 method demonstrates the best performance: ΔBP is less than one pixel and the dose accuracy over the region adjacent to the Bragg peak (MRE50) is ∼3.04%. With the presence of noise, the Wavedec db1 method demonstrates the best noise immunity, achieving ΔBP less than 1 mm and an MRE50 of ∼12%. The proposed machine learning framework may become a useful tool allowing for online range verification in proton therapy.