Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orchis longicornu Poiret in Sardinia: genetic, morphological and chorological data

Summary Data are given on the genetic structure, morphology and chorology of the Long-Spurred orchid, Orchis longicornu Poiret (1789) from Sardinia and the occurrence in this island of the morphologically similar Orchis morio L. (1753), often recorded for Sardinia, is investigated. The genetic analysis of 27 enzyme loci in population samples from locations where both species had been recorded showed that: (i) in the population samples from Sardinia the polymorphic loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; (ii) these samples are genetically poorly differentiated from each other (average Nei's D = 0.01): less than 2% of the overall genetic variation observed is attributable to differences between populations (G ST = 0.015); (iii) a high rate of gene flow was estimated between Sardinian populations: Nm ≈ 4, possibly owing to seed dispersal by wind; (iv) when Sardinian samples are compared with O. morio from continental Italy, significant differences in genetic variation were observed: average He = 0.16 in the .
Environmental controls of anammox and denitrification in southern New England estuarine and shelf sediments

We measured denitrification and anammox potential rates in homogenized sediments over two annual cycles from two estuarine sites (Providence River estuary and Narragansett Bay) and two continental shelf sites (Block Island and Rhode Island sounds). Denitrification varied both spatially and seasonally, but anammox only varied spatially. Denitrification ranged from 2.5 to 112 nmol N h−1 mL−1 sediment, and anammox from 0 to 8.7 nmol N h−1 mL−1 sediment, with the contribution of anammox to N2 fluxes (ra) ranging from undetectable to 4% in estuarine sites and 8–42% on the shelf. Oxygen microprofiles were analyzed in intact cores and concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium were measured in the sediment slice corresponding to the depth layer in which potential rates were measured. Denitrification rates correlated positively with diffusive O2 consumption and temperature and potential anammox rates correlated positively with pore‐water concentrations. Anammox was positively correlated with denitrification in shelf sediments where anammox was regularly detected, but not in estuarine sediments. ra was negatively correlated with diffusive O2 consumption and positively correlated with pore‐water nitrate. Both organic matter and nitrate were important factors regulating the contribution of anammox to N2 production. As a whole, our results demonstrate that incorporating processes that control these two factors into models of N cycling, rather than focusing on organic matter availability alone, may improve predictions of the relative importance of anammox to N2 production in marine sediments.
Nutritional status and growth of children with hemophilia: a cross-sectional study

Haemophilias are hereditary bleeding disorders caused by absence or deficiency of plasma clotting factors, resulting in prolonged and uncontrolled bleeding either spontaneously or following trauma. Two types, Hemophilia A and B are present caused by the deficiency of clotting Factor VIII and IX, respectively. Both are inherited as X linked recessive pattern and are clinically indistinguishable. The use of the term, Hemophilia was ascribed to Schonlein in 1820s. The clinical manifestations in both are identical, with musculoskeletal, soft tissue, and mucocutaneous bleeding.
Population genetic structure and demographic history of Pacific blue sharks (Prionace glauca) inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis

Cosmopolitan pelagic species often show shallow genetic divergence and weak, or no, genetic structure across a species’ range. However, there have been few such genetic studies for pelagic sharks. The pelagic blue shark (Prionace glauca) has a broad circumglobal distribution in tropical and temperate oceans. To investigate the population genetic structure and demographic history of this species, we analysed variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence for a total of 404 specimens collected from 10 locations across the Indo-Pacific region. The observed genetic diversities were comparable among sampling locations (h=0.77–0.87; π=0.17–0.23%). Spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA), pairwise ΦST and conventional FST estimates, and analysis of isolation with migration indicated weak or no genetic differentiation of this species across the Indo-Pacific region. The results of three phylogeographic analyses (i.e. mismatch distribution and parsimony haplotype network analyses and a neutrality test) suggested that the Pacific blue shark had historically experienced a sudden population expansion. These results, coupled with the biological properties of this species, imply that historical climate fluctuation has had only a minor effect on the genetic structuring of the blue shark.
The 1.23 A Structure of Pichia Pastoris Lysyl Oxidase Reveals a Lysine-Lysine Cross-Link

The structure of Pichia pastoris lysyl oxidase (PPLO) in a new crystal form has been refined at 1.23 A resolution. PPLO, a copper amine oxidase (CuAO) with a 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ) cofactor, differs from most other members of the CuAO enzyme family in having the ability to oxidize the side chain of lysine residues in a polypeptide. In the asymmetric unit of the crystals, the structure analysis has located residues 43–779 of the polypeptide chain, seven carbohydrate residues, the active-site Cu atom, an imidazole molecule bound at the active site, two buried Ca2+ ions, five surface Mg2+ ions, five surface Cl− ions and 1045 water molecules. The crystallographic residuals are R = 0.112 and Rfree = 0.146. The TPQ cofactor and several other active-site residues are poorly ordered, in contrast to the surrounding well ordered structure. A covalent cross-link is observed between two lysine residues, Lys778 and Lys66. The cross-link is likely to have been formed by the oxidation of Lys778 followed by a spontaneous reaction with Lys66. The link is modelled as dehydrolysinonorleucine.
Open Source Adoption Factors—A Systematic Literature Review

Nowadays, Free/Libre/OpenSource Software (FLOSS) is becoming a strategic option for many organizations in the public and the private sector. The lack of well defined guidelines for IT managers may jeopardize the FLOSS adoption process. FLOSS adoption procedures are developed ad-hoc in every organization, hence, leading to potential wheel reinvention situations. Identifying factors that influence and determine adoption is crucial. In this article, we survey existing literature through systematic review methodologies to make visible the technical, organizational and economic factors that must be evaluated in the adoption process. We also provide hints for researchers on publications and the type of research that already covered this topic in the past. We studied almost 500 papers from which we selected a final set of 54 primary studies directly related to FLOSS adoption. We found twenty-two different adoption factors categorized as technical (nine), organizational (nine) and economic (four). This article aims to provide the basic building blocks to step into the creation of a guide for the FLOSS adoption. All the data we used in this study is available at this online repository: https://github.com/jagalindo/rea.victor. 19-foss and doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2632543
The effects of fertilization on part of the Keen of Hamar Serpentine, Shetland

Summary Winter feeding of stock has caused eutrophication of the lower part of the Keen of Hamar. A nutrient addition experiment is reported which shows that grass cover of the serpentine debris increased greatly following phosphorus fertilization. Long-term observations have shown a substantial increase in grass cover over c. 35% of the lower part of the Keen and in one limited area the complete elimination of a rare species. It is suggested that the effects of eutrophication are likely to persist indefinitely and that it poses a major threat to this habitat and its rare plant species, although it seems that the site could be restored by removal of newly accumulated soil.
Invasibility and diversity of plant communities:from patterns to processes

Research on the function of biodiversity has stimulated a renewed interest in the mechanisms underlying the invasibility of plant communities. Conflicting results provide evidence that observational correlative studies are a dead end if isolated from manipulative experiments. Using two studies in France, Portugal and Australia we illustrate how invasion research can move from pattern observation to the investigation of processes.
Road transects as a large-scale census method for raptors: the case of the Red Kite Milvus milvus in Spain

The reliability of road transects as a census method for wintering and breeding Red Kites was studied in Spain. Road transect data were compared with censuses of wintering populations made by roost counts and of breeding populations made by a combination of nest searching and detection of territorial pairs. The variation in population density explained a high percentage of the variance of abundance indices provided by road transects during winter (> 90%) and breeding seasons (85%). The estimation of densities from distances to the transect did not provide more accurate results than unadjusted counts. On the contrary, strip counts may consistently bias population estimates in species that are attracted by roads, or may provide unpredictably unrealistic results when the number of observations is low. Winter roost counts made in areas of high breeding density apparently underestimated the real populations, because resident Red Kites usually do not use roosts, and this was detected through the results obtaine.
Effect of plant population density on dry matter partitioning and yield in a short-duration cultivar of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown in the tropics

SUMMARY An erect, 60-day cultivar of cowpea, IT84S–2246, was grown with adequate soil moisture at two locations in Nigeria in 1990/91, Ibadan (7° N) and Kano (12° N), contrasting in total incident radiation (Q) and at plant population densities of 1·9–7·7 and 5·4–16·3 plants/m2, respectively. Leaf area, radiation interception and dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning were measured. Total shoot and seed dry weights were greater at Kano (mean 4·10 and 1·61 t/ha, respectively) than at Ibadan (mean 1·89 and 0·68 t/ha, respectively), and greater athigher plant densities. Relationships between the reciprocal of total shoot (Wt) and seed dry weight (Ws) per plant and plant population density (Np) determined at Kano and Ibadan were linear and parallel; intercepts, however, were significantly different (P < 0·005). The theoretical maximum potential Wt and Ws per unit area (i.e. 1/b) was therefore the same at Kano and at Ibadan, 448 and 170 g/m2, respectively. However, the optimum Np at Kano and Ibadan was markedly different, c. 10 and 40 plants/m2, respectively. These differences in the relations between DM yields and Np at Kano and Ibadan are examined in terms of leaf area, radiation interception and the partitioning coefficient, and the implications for the design of other agronomic investigations in cowpea are discussed.
A large proportion of bovine T cells express the γδ T cell receptor and show a distinct tissue distribution and surface phenotype

: The numbers, phenotype, and tissue distribution of gamma delta T cells in cattle were studied using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which react with the bovine gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR). Both mAbs stained 20-40% of T cells in peripheral blood, and immunoprecipitated molecules of 44 and 36 kd (reduced) and 70-80 kd (non-reduced). In cattle the majority of circulating gamma delta T cells showed a distinct surface phenotype; they expressed T19, a 215 kd molecule described in sheep and cattle which marks only gamma delta T cells. Bovine gamma delta T cells were also CD2-, CD4-, and mostly CD8-, and failed to express CD6, a molecule possibly involved in T cell activation. The distribution of gamma delta T cells in cattle lymphoid tissues differed markedly from that in humans, in that bovine gamma delta T cells were concentrated around lymph node trabeculae and were usually sparse or absent from the B cell and T cell domains of lymph nodes. Like most other species studied, gamma delta T cells in cattle were localized to epithelial surfaces, particularly within the skin and intestine, indicating that it was at these sites where gamma delta T cells functioned. Our results provide further evidence for the unusual localization, recirculation pattern, and phenotype of gamma delta T cells, and also show that some features of gamma delta T cells can differ quite markedly from species to species.
Taxonomic reassessment of Polysiphonia foetidissima (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) and similar species, including P. schneideri, a newly introduced species in Europe

Morphological and molecular studies were carried out on two Polysiphonia with 6–9 pericentral cells from the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. A detailed description is provided for P. foetidissima, a poorly known species originally described from the UK that is widespread and abundant in the Iberian Peninsula. Polysiphonia schneideri, originally described from Atlantic U.S.A. and Bermuda, is reported for the first time in Europe (Southern Spain). It was collected attached to man-made structures such as floating docks and artificial substrata for aquaculture and is believed to be a newly introduced species in Europe. In addition, the taxonomy of seven morphologically similar Polysiphonia was reassessed. A comparative study of type materials showed that the Mediterranean P. stuposa is morphologically different from its alleged synonym P. foetidissima. Instead, molecular and morphological evidence showed that P. foetidissima is a synonym of the widely reported (Atlantic and Pacific) P. tepida. Polysiphonia foetidissima was also shown to differ from P. brodiei, P. exilis, P. isogona and P. schneideri.
Growth and wood properties of Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) seedlings grown under five soil moisture regimes

The effects of different watering regimes on vegetative growth, histological properties of wood, and the derived values relevant to paper and pulp production of Gmelina arborea Roxb. were investigated. Soil moisture stress significantly retarded vegetative growth as analyzed by leaf area ratio, root shoot ratio, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate. Moisture stress also adversely affected specific gravity of the wood, fiber length, diameter, lumen size, and fiber wall thickness, but enhanced flexibility coefficient, lowered slenderness ratio, and runkel ratio. Although water stress reduces the volume of wood produced and changes wood fiber properties, it does not significantly affect the quality of paper produced from Gmelina wood. Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) is an important tree species of the tropics. It was introduced to tropical Africa from Southeast Asia (Rodgers, 1913) and is gaining entry into pulp and paper manufacturing (Chittenden, Coursey, and Rotibi, 1964), match making, and veneers for plywood (Lamb, 1968). Its adaptation to this new environment needs study.
THE DIVERSITY OF PHYTOPHAGE AND ENTOMOPHAGE INSECT SPECIES IN SUGARCANE PLANTATIONS PLANTED WITH FLOWERING PLANTS

This study aimed to know the influence of planting the flowering plants in sugarcane plantation on the index value of diversity, domination, and the eveness of phytophage and entomophage insect species in sugarcane plantation. This study was done on two-month and six-month sugarcane of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII Cinta Manis District. The research location is located in Ketiau Village, Lubuk Keliat District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. The study was conducted from July to December 2018. Insects that came to flowering plants were collected by using fitfall traps, nets, and direct capture of insects that came. The results showed that the age of sugarcane affected the diversity of Entomophage and Phytophage insect species that came to the flowering plants. At 2-moth-old sugar cane plantations were found 42 species (388 individuals) and 6-month-old sugarcane plantations were found 41 species (284 individuals). The diversity of Phytophage and Entomophage species that came to flowering plants in the 2-month-old sugarcane plantations was almost the same as in the 6-month-old sugarcane plantations. Phytopage species diversity index values were 2,826 and 2,548, while Entomophage were 2,564 and 2,867.
Feeling bad and doing bad: student confidence in reading in rural China

ABSTRACT This article reports on research conducted to investigate student confidence in reading by collecting data from 135 primary schools in rural China. In the survey, we adopted the PIRLS scales of confidence in reading and reading skills test items. Our analysis shows that compared to the other countries and regions, rural China ranks last with regard to student confidence in reading and reading achievement. The correlation analysis reveals that in rural China there is a strong correlation between student confidence in reading and reading achievement. Additionally, school and teacher factors are associated with student confidence in reading. Specifically, having an accessible classroom library is associated with higher reading confidence, especially among the poor readers. Teacher instruction in reading correlates with higher confidence in readers for high achievers. Our findings indicate that the government should develop effective policies to improve student confidence in reading and reading skills in rural China.
Taxonomic Assessment of the Subspecific Status of Phrynosoma orbiculare (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae) In the Southern Portion of Its Distribution

Abstract Phrynosoma orbiculare is an endemic species of lizards in Mexico and is distributed from the northern part of the country to the central highlands. This species is found in open areas among scrubs, grasses, yuccas, and herbaceous plants. In our study, we performed two multivariate analyses (principal components and discriminant functions) to examine morphological and geographic variation among populations of P. orbiculare at the edge of the southern distribution of the species. Our assessment was to determine the taxonomic status of the subspecies Phrynosoma orbiculare orbiculare, P. o. cortezii, and P. o. boucardi described for this geographic zone. The analyses employed 10 informative diagnostic traits from digitalized images. Our results confirm only two subspecies, P. o. orbiculare and P. o. cortezii, in the study area. In addition, two new localities for the distribution of the species have been included (Nopalillo, Hidalgo, and Amealco, Queretaro). Moreover, the morphometrics of the organisms from new localities revealed that all individuals were positioned in the P. o. cortezii group and that the distribution of this subspecies extends west of the original records. We propose that the two populations reported as P. o. boucardi can be renamed as P. o. cortezii.
Milk and curd characteristics depending on farm and production level

Abstract Here reported are data relative to the chemical composition/characteristics of the milk, of milk samples collected every 50 days from 60 buffaloes (326 samples) that were half-sibs (through paternal or maternal lineage, ascertained by DNA test), bred in two farms (S.A. and M respectively n. = 27 and n = 33). The subjects were divided in relation to the productive level (> vs. < 2601 kg/lactation). The production level did not influence the theoretical yield (ThCY), the yield at 4 h (FCY) and at 28 h (28CY), the curd dry matter (CDM) and the ratios between ThCY and real yields (FCY, 28CY and CDM). Compared to the less productive subjects, despite similar percentage of proteins, the more productive subjects had a higher percentage of casein (3.73 vs. 3.64; P < 0.05), a greater incidence of the latter on total protein (80.52 vs. 79.60; P < 0.05), higher content in lactose (4.88 vs. 4.81; P < 0.01) and urea (42.44 vs. 40.48; P < 0.05) and a lower BCS value (6.79 vs. 7.25; P < 0.05). These differences are not always confirmed in both farms. Regardless of the production level, subjects of farm S.A. had a lower production/lactation (2524 vs. 2817 kg; P < 0.01), higher values of R and k20 (P < 0.01), lower value of a30, a higher SH value and lower contents in urea and solid not fat. They also showed a lower ThCY yield and a lower ratio between ThCY and 28CY when proteins were corrected for the urea content, and a higher ratio between 28CY and the percentage of proteins, both when corrected or not for the urea content. It is difficult to explain the influence of the production level on the casein content whereas the greater lactose content in more productive buffaloes may be accounted for by the greater persistence of lactation curve. The higher urea content found in buffaloes with a greater galactopoietic attitude may be due to a greater DM intake caused by the inadequacy of the diet, hypothesis confirmed by the lower BCS observed in the more productive subjects.
Hypolimnetic Nitrate Treatment to Reduce Internal Phosphorus Loading in a Stratified Lake

ABSTRACT Nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] was added to the hypolimnion of eutrophic Lake Lyng (10 ha, maximum depth 7.6 m), Denmark, over a 2-year period to study the impact on sediment phosphorus release and to evaluate the potential of hypolimnetic nitrate dosing as a lake restoration method. Dissolved (1995) or granulated (1996) nitrate was added 10 to 11 times at a depth of 5 m during stratification. The total dose was 8 to 10 g N m−2 yr−1. Hypolimnetic nitrate concentration was <0.01 mg N L−1 in years without dosing (1994 and 1997), and reached 1.2 and 2.2 mg N·L−1 in treatment years, respectively. Maximum concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in the hypolimnion were 1.6 to 2.9 mg P·L−1 in untreated years, but were reduced to 0.8 to 1.2 mg P·L−1 in treatment years. Correspondingly, total phosphorus (TP) accumulation in treatment years was 48–77% that of non-treatment years. Dissolved nitrate seemed to reduce TP concentrations more efficiently than granulated nitrate, which sank partly into the loose sediment, and led to lower nitrate as well as lower iron concentrations in the hypolimnion. Lower iron release and/or lower nitrate concentrations resulted from the use of dissolved nitrate, which seemed to reduce precipitation of phosphate with iron and left a larger proportion of particulate phosphorus in the hypolimnion. Ammonia concentrations were higher with nitrate addition, probably due to enhanced mineralization of organic sediment and nitrate ammonification. The results from Lake Lyng suggest that the potential of using nitrate as a lake restoration method in deep lakes suffering from internal loading needs further investigation.
Winter feeding strategies of migrating and nonmigrating moose

We recorded forage and habitat use by radio-collared moose, Alces alces (L.), in southeastern Norway. Migrating and resident moose preferred different habitats during winter. Migrating animals used habitats of lower site quality than did resident animals. Migrating animals also used Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) forests more often and had a higher proportion of pine and common birch (Betula pubescens L.) in their diet than did resident animals. Increased browsing pressure from both migrating and resident animals was evident at the end of the winter from an increase in twig diameter at the point of browsing, breakage of stems, heavy browsing of common birch, and more extensive searching for forage. Rebrowsing of previously browsed trees by resident moose and, to a lesser extent, by migrants was recorded during March. Snow depths were similar on the winter ranges of resident and migrating moose.