Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Geochronology of the Coroccohuayco Porphyry-Skarn Deposit, Peru: A Rapid Product of the Incaic Orogeny

Precise and accurate determination of the timing and duration of ore-forming processes in porphyry sys- tems is a fundamental step in understanding their genesis and placing them in a regional context. Here, we take advantage of the considerable improvements in the field of geochronology over the last decade to pro- vide a robust geochronologic framework for hydrothermal and magmatic events in the Eocene Coroccohuayco porphyry-skarn Cu deposit, and the first robust dating of an ore system in the emerging Andahuaylas-Yauri batholith and metallogenic belt, southern Peru. This batholith and associated porphyry systems were emplaced during the Incaic orogeny, in a context of slab flattening, compression, exhumation, uplift, and the initiation of the bending of the Bolivian orocline. High-precision ages from early skarn (U-Pb, hydrothermal titanite) and later-stage mineralization (Re-Os, molybdenite) in the Coroccohuayco deposit are indistinguishable from each other and from available high- precision U-Pb zircon ages of the porphyries. All together, they indicate that the deposit was formed in less than 100 k.y. between 35.7 and 35.6 Ma. We also highlight a previously unrecognized pre-ore high-temperature hydrothermal event (U-Pb, hydrothermal titanite) that corresponds to the emplacement of a precursor gab- brodiorite complex at ca. 40.2 Ma. A new 40Ar/39Ar age at 26.6 Ma of a post-ore alkali basalt is interpreted as recording the initiation of slab roll-back following the flat slab episode and is therefore not related to the magmatic-hydrothermal system at Coroccohuayco. These data, together with structural measurements at the Coroccohuayco deposit and available regional data, suggest that the Coroccohuayco deposit was formed toward the end of Eocene arc magmatism, in a context of transpressional stress, intense erosion, and exhumation associated with Incaic orogeny. At the scale of the Tintaya ore district (which hosts the Coroccohuayco, Tintaya, and Antapaccay deposits), available data and a new molybdenite Re-Os age obtained for the Tintaya deposit suggest that mineralizing events were spatially focused and episodic over several millions of years, while a single economic deposit may have been formed within less than 100 k.y.
Impact of presence of excipients in drug analysis in fed-state gastric 1 biorelevant media 2

: In this study, the influence of the presence of excipients in sample preparation and 20 clean-up steps required prior to drug analysis in milk-based media which simulate the in vivo 21 properties of the fed state stomach was investigated. 15 excipients, normally present in solid 22 dosage forms of five APIs tested (atenolol, paracetamol, furosemide, nifedipine and 23 propafenone hydrochloride) were mixed (one at a time) with the active pharmaceutical 24 ingredient of interest either via vortexing, co-grinding or shaking of the physical mixture and 25 dissolved in Fed State Simulated Gastric Fluid (FeSSGF). The objective of the study was the 26 assessment of the extraction efficiency of three protein precipitation protocols (using MeOH, 27 ΑCN and 10% w/v TCA), typically used in drug analysis, in milk-based biorelevant media in 28 the presence of the excipients. The mixing technique, fat content of the medium and excipient 29 and solvent effects were investigated. The efficiency of three different protein precipitation 30 reagents in drug extraction when dissolved as API:excipient mixtures in the fed-state medium 31 was compared against the equivalent drug amount recovered in the absence of the excipient in 32 FeSSGF. Most excipients had a significant negative effect (p < 0.05) on drug recovery in the 33 milk-based medium as indicated by the multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis performed. 34 For magnesium stearate and HPMC, the % recovery values were the lowest in four out of the 35 five drugs studied, with a range of 10-100% depending on the API, mixing technique and 36 protein precipitation protocol selected. The negative excipient-dependent effect was more 37 profound in nifedipine and propafenone hydrochloride, the most lipophilic compounds of the 38 study. Acetonitrile was the most effective extraction reagent for most drugs in the presence of 39 excipients, followed by methanol and 10% w/v trichloroacetic acid. Data analysis also revealed a dependence of the extraction method efficiency on the medium lipid content. Application of the above extraction protocols in the presence of excipients and the selection of protein precipitation protocol are parameters 45 which can affect significantly the efficiency of protein precipitation when FeSSGF is used as dissolution medium and need to be taken into consideration when developing a quantitative 47 method based on the above sample clean-up technique.
Acoustic sounding of rain

For remote measurements of rains, radars have been successfully used for many years. In the last decade, high- frequency acoustic radars (sodars) are being increasingly employed to measure the parameters of precipitation. They have a number of advantages over the conventional radars. In the present report, a new method of acoustic sounding of rain is described based on recording of the Doppler power spectra of falling raindrops comprised in the scattering volume with a high-frequency cw Doppler bistatic sodar. Differential acoustic scattering cross sections of a rigid spherical particle have been calculated with the use of the exact formulas of the Mie scattering theory as functions of the parameter p equals (pi) d/(lambda) , and the scattering angle (theta) , where d is the raindrop diameter and (lambda) is the acoustic radiation wavelength. Errors in reconstructing the normalized raindrop size distribution (NRSD) are numerically estimated. The NRSD's and the rain intensities reconstructed from raw spectra of real signals measured with cw bistatic Doppler sodars operating at frequencies of 5 and 40 kHz, respectively, are presented. The estimated rain intensities varied from 0.1 to 6.1 mm/h. The results obtained demonstrate that high-frequency sodars are very promising for measurements of rains.
Plasma adiponectin array in women with Alzheimer’s disease

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease. Typical features of AD include memory loss, social dysfunction, and physical impairment. Although the pathological findings in the central nervous system are well established, the aetiological factors are poorly known. Recent studies suggested the role of metabolic disturbances in the development of AD neurodegeneration. Adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory and metabolism regulating factor, was linked to AD. The aim was to examine whether adiponectin fractions combined with insulin/insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters correlate with AD progression. Material and methods: The study comprised 98 women: 27 with moderate to severe AD, 31 with AD at early stage, and 40 healthy controls, matched for age and BMI. To evaluate memory impairment, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed. Plasma total adiponectin and its high, medium, and low molecular weights were measured with ELISA. Anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic parameters were assessed. Correlations between adiponectin array and measured parameters were evaluated. Results: In comparison to the controls, enhanced levels of total and medium molecular weight adiponectin characterised AD individuals. In AD, we found correlations between adiponectin array, and anthropometric and biochemical parameters. After adjustment to BMI, a significant increase of the total adiponectin and high and medium molecular weight fractions was observed. A negative correlation between low molecular weight adiponectin and MMSE was found. Conclusions: Our results indicate a possible link between adiponectin variations and AD. We hypothesise that changes in adiponectin profile observed in AD result from compensatory mechanisms against neuropathological processes, as well as from adiponectin homeostasis impairment. (Endokrynol Pol 2018; 69 (5): 550–559)
Physico-chemical parameters of holy places Agnitheertham and Kothandaramar Temple; Southeast coast of India.

s: The present investigation was carried out the physico-chemical parameters of two holy places such as Agnitheertham and Kothandaramar kovil. The maximum (29.9 mm) rainfall was recorded during the month of April and the minimum (6.0 mm) was during the month of June. The maximum atmospheric temperature (29.5°C) was observed maximum in the month of May and July and the minimum atmospheric temperature (28.0°C) was recorded during the momth of June at both the stations. The surface water temperature (°C) ranges between 29.0 to 27.0°C. The salinity (‰) ranges from 35 ppt-33 ppt, the pH values ranges from were 8.3 to 8.0 and the Dissolved oxygen (ml/l) concentration ranges from 4.99 ml/l to 3.87. at Station 1 and and 2 respectively. The Inorganic nitrate concentration (iµ) ranges from 0.62-0.15 at station 1 and 0.64 to 0.08 at station 2. The reactive silicate (iµ)) content varied between 22.16-19.60 at station 1 and 23.58 to 18.11 at station 2. The Inorganic nitrate concentration (iµ)) ranges from 0.62-0.15 at station 1 and 0.64 to 0.08 at station 2. The Inorganic nitrate concentration (iµ)) ranges from 6.24-3.53 at station 1 and 7.52 to 2.52 at station 2. The ammonia concentration (iµ)) ranges from 2.15-0.08 at station 1 and 1.80 to 0.05 at station 2 correspondingly.
Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology

A revision of the Birkenes model of stream water acidification has been attempted to incorporate additional chemical and hydrologic information gained in the last 6 years since its original construction. The first stage of this effort has been an analysis of the hydrologic submodel with the goal of extending it to predict concentrations of a conservative tracer in stream water. An objective calibration of the model indicated that the model is overparameterized. Only one passive store is identifiable, not two as currently contained in the model and the routing between the two reservoirs is not determined by the data. Inclusion of the conservative tracer improved the identifiability of the dimensional parameters, but had little effect on the rate or routing parameters. If the hydrologic structure is to be determined from the hydrograph and conservative tracer alone, it must be simplified to eliminate unidentifiable parameters. The validity of using more complex rainfall-runoff models in hydrochemical models which seek to test chemical mechanisms is called into question by this analysis.
Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms

This review covers selected 2008 peer‐reviewed journal articles on the biological, chemical and physical effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on marine and estuarine plants and animals. The first five sections cover reviews and field and laboratory measurement activities (concentrations of contaminants, field surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers). The last six sections focus further on pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, vessel and marine coatings, ballast water treatment, marine 1* Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115; Tel.206‐526‐6336; email: alan. mearns@noaa. gov ; 2Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA; 3Lives in Virginia, works at the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and is a graduate of the University of California at Berkeley and California State University Long Beach; 4 Florida Keys Nationa Marine Sanctuary, NOAA, Key West, FL; 5Exponent, Inc, Sedona, AZ; 6Retired, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA. The authors are indebted to Mr. Brian Voss, head of the NOAA Western Regional Center Library debris, oil spills, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g.some organotin papers may be cited in the biomarker section). As always, readers should only use this as a guide and must consult the original papers before citing them, including double‐checking units.
Intercomparison of NIMBUS 7 solar backscattered ultraviolet ozone profiles with rocket, balloon, and Umkehr profiles

A global ozone data set covering the two years from November 1978 until October 1980, with an average of 1200 profiles per day, has been produced and archived from the solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) instrument flown on the NIMBUS 7 spacecraft. The SBUV ozone profiles are compared with measurements from chemical and optical sensors launched on balloons and rockets and with ozone profiles obtained from the ground-based Dobson spectrophotometers using the Umkehr method. The biases between the SBUV results and the balloon and Umkehr results are generally less than 10%. These biases are functions of layer height and latitude and are believed to be largely due to inconsistencies in the ozone absorption cross sections used for the various measurement systems. The precision of the SBUV measurements is found to be better than 8% for pressures between 1 and 64 mbar and better than 15% from 64 to 253 mbar.
Dawsonite fixation of mantle CO2 in the cretaceous Songliao Basin, Northeast China: a natural analogue for CO2 mineral trapping in oilfields

Abundant crude oil and CO2 gas coexist in the fourth member of the Upper Cretaceous Quantou reservoir in the Huazijing Step of the southern Songliao Basin, China. Here, we present results of a petrographic characterization of this reservoir based on polarizing microscope, X-ray diffraction, fluid inclusion, and carbon–oxygen isotopic data. These data were used to identify whether CO2 might be trapped in minerals after the termination of a CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project, and to determine what effects might the presence of CO2 have on the properties of crude oil in the reservoir. The crude oil reservoir in the study area, which coexists with mantle-derived CO2, is hosted by dawsonite-bearing lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites. These sediments are characterized by a paragenetic sequence of clay, quartz overgrowth, first-generation calcite, dawsonite, second-generation calcite, and ankerite. The dawsonite analysed during this study exhibits δ13 C (Peedee Belemnite, PDB) values of −4.97‰ to 0.67‰, which is indicative for the formation of magmatic–mantle CO2. The paragenesis and compositions of fluid inclusions in the dawsonite-bearing sandstones record a sequence of two separate filling events, the first involving crude oil and the second involving magmatic–mantle CO2. The presence of prolate primary hydrocarbon inclusions within the dawsonite indicates that these minerals precipitated from oil-bearing pore fluids at temperatures of 94–97°C, in turn suggesting that CO2 could be stored as carbonate minerals after the termination of a CO2-EOR project. In addition, the crude oil in the basin would become less dense after deposition of bitumen by deasphalting the injection of CO2 gas into the oil pool.
Modeling the seasonal variability of hydrography and circulation in the Kara Sea

In the frame of a project on transport of contaminants in the Arctic, the Hamburg shelf ocean model (HAMSOM) is applied to the Kara Sea. The HAMSOM system consists of a three-dimensional, baroclinic circulation model coupled to a thermodynamic and dynamic sea ice model. The Kara Sea model is forced with climatological winds, atmospheric heat fluxes, river runoff, and tides. The obtained results reveal no typical Kara Sea circulation that prevails throughout the year. Instead, the model showed a strong seasonal variability in circulation and hydrography due to winds, freshwater runoff, and ice formation. The circulation is weakest in spring when the wind speeds are low and horizontal density gradients are small. Fresh water from the rivers spreads toward the north and northwest rather than forming a coastally trapped current that flows to the east. In autumn, the circulation is significantly enhanced because of increasing wind speeds and strong horizontal density gradients. Good agreement was found between model results and recent observations. The “classical” cyclonic current pattern in the southern Kara Sea, however, was not reproduced by the model.
The nature of asteroid Itokawa revealed by Hayabusa

Abstract The spacecraft Hayabusa, which was launched in 2003, arrived at its destination, asteroid (25143) Itokawa in September 2005. The appearance of Itokawa, a small S-type near Earth asteroids, was totally unexpected. The surface is covered with a lot of boulders and there are only a few craters on it. It looks like a contact binary asteroid. The surface composition is quite similar to LL-chondrite. The estimated density is 1.9 ± 0.13 (g/cm3), so the macro-porosity is about 40%. This means that Itokawa is a rubble pile object. In Itokawa, we may see such things that are very close to building blocks of asteroids. In this paper, we review the mission and the first scientific results.
Composition and cycling of colloids in marine environments

Colloidal (COM) or macromolecular organic matter makes up a significant portion of the bulk dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in aquatic environments. Because of their high specific surface areas and complexation capacities, marine colloids are of great importance not only in the global carbon cycle but also in the biogeochemical cycling of many particle‐reactive nuclides and trace elements in the ocean. However, the colloidal pool as a whole is still poorly understood and largely uncharacterized. Recently, cross‐flow ultrafiltration and other separation techniques, which have been successfully used to isolate marine colloids, combined with a multitracer approach, have greatly advanced our understanding of the cycling of COM and its associated trace elements in marine environments. In this paper we focus on recent developments on isotopic and elemental composition of colloids which allow organic matter cycling in marine environments to be constrained. Major sections review sampling techniques for aquatic colloids, concentrations and distribution of COM, biochemical and elemental (organic and inorganic) characterization, and stable isotopic (13C and 15N) and radioisotopic (14C and 234Th) characterization of marine colloids. We discuss sources and turnover rates of organic matter in the ocean, importance of benthic boundary layer processes in the cycling of DOM, changes in the paradigms of marine organic matter cycling, and research needs for a better understanding of the biogeochemistry of marine colloids.
The Relationship between the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode and Antarctic Peninsula Summer Temperatures: Analysis of a High-Resolution Model Climatology

Abstract The large regional summer warming on the east coast of the northern Antarctic Peninsula (AP), which has taken place since the mid-1960s, has previously been proposed to be caused by a trend in the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM). The authors utilize a high-resolution regional atmospheric model climatology (14-km grid spacing) to study the mechanisms that determine the response of the near-surface temperature to an increase in the SAM (ΔT/ΔSAM). Month-to-month variations in near-surface temperature and surface pressure are well represented by the model. It is found that north of ∼68°S, ΔT/ΔSAM is much larger on the eastern (lee) side than on the western (windward) side of the barrier. This is because of the enhanced westerly flow of relatively warm air over the barrier, which warms (and dries) further as it descends down the lee slope. The downward motion on the eastern side of the barrier causes a decrease in surface-mass balance and cloud cover. South of ∼68°S, vertical deflection across .
Tropospheric gas composition and cloud structure of the Jovian North Equatorial Belt

High spatial resolution Voyager infrared interferometer spectrometer spectra of the North Equatorial Belt (NEB) reveal longitudinal variability of 5-μm brightness temperatures of order 100°C. These observations are used to investigate spatial variations in the gas composition and cloud structure of the NEB. We use an anisotropic multiple scattering radiative transfer model to calculate synthetic spectra for comparison with the IRIS observations. The spectral dependence of cloud extinction from 180 to 2300 cm−1 is modeled using Mie theory. The entire spectral range of the IRIS observations (180–2300 cm−1) is used to constrain the cloud properties and vertical structure of the NEB. Within the model, cloud base locations vary with assumed gas abundances according to thermochemical equilibrium. We find that spatial variations in the abundance profiles of the condensible species, para hydrogen profiles and cloud optical depths can be used as tracers of the local and large-scale dynamics. Based on the spectral dependence of NH3 cloud extinction that is required to fit the IRIS observations, we conclude that the bulk of the NH3 cloud extinction is provided by large particles, effective radii ≈100 μm; however, a small particle mode may also be present. We find that the observed 5-μm brightness temperature structure can be reproduced by spatial variations in cloud opacity and water relative humidity. NEB hot spots, due to their low cloud opacity, provide a unique opportunity to study the deep cloud structure in the Jovian atmosphere. Cloud opacity is required at P > 4 bars (coincident with the location of the thermochemically predicted H2O cloud) to reproduce the observed continuum level near 2130 cm−1, as well as to model the overall shape of the continuum between 2100 and 2300 cm−1. Water relative humidity is found to vary spatially above the base of the water cloud increasing from ≈15% in hot spots to 100% in colder spectral ensembles. The variation of relative humidity is strongly correlated with the variation of cloud opacity, suggesting dynamic depletion of water vapor above the cloud forming level as the most plausible model to explain the spatial variation in the water profile within the NEB.
Snow‐avalanche impact landforms, deposits and effects at urdvatnet, southern norway: implications for avalanche style and process

Abstract. An unusual assemblage of landforms and deposits is described from upper Norangsdalen, Sunnmøre region, southern Norway, and interpreted as the product of snow‐avalanche events that vary in magnitude, frequency and debris content. An avalanche impact plunge pool, proximal scar and distal mound are associated with a coarse gravel deposit covering part of the valley floor. Landforms in this debris spread include gravel ridges, boulder lines, beaded ridges, fine sediment banked against and covering large boulders, and gravel clumps. Many of these landforms are aligned, indicating across‐valley transport radiating from the plunge pool. Features were mapped in the field and samples analysed for grain size and heavy‐mineral content. The debris spread is attributed to deposition by high‐energy, debris‐rich snow‐avalanche events that collect debris from large areas of the valley side, lower slopes and plunge pool. Aligned landforms develop through sediment transport in a basal shear zone, and randomly distributed gravel clumps represent melt pits following debris transport in the avalanche body. Air displacement ahead of larger avalanches is thought to have felled and tilted trees on the lower slopes of the distal valley side. Approximate ages of damaged trees allowed estimation of the frequency of snow‐avalanche events: (1) small, frequent events (several per annum) carry debris to the lower valley slopes and the plunge pool; (2) moderate events with an annual to decadal frequency maintain the pool–scar–mound complex; and (3) large, debris‐rich events with a decadal to centennial frequency add material to the debris spread.