Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Esthetic consideration of canine substitution in congenital lateral incisor agenesis

Introduction: Amongst the anomalies observed in human dentition, agenesis is one of the most commonly found. Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is one such anomaly. Various treatment modalities involving orthodontic & prosthetic treatment have been advocated for the management of this anomaly. Objective: To analyze the best treatment modality for maxillary lateral incisor agenesis amongst the orthodontic space closure, prosthetic replacement & implant based upon the esthetic results. Methodology: Till October 2020 a thorough literature search in various popular data bases performed with the end result of inclusion of 11 articles. Result and Conclusion: Esthetic outcomes of all these modalities was found to be satisfactory for patients as well as for the dentists, however orthodontic space closure was considered to be the most appropriate modality for lateral incisor agenesis pertaining to esthetics.
Formative assessment and feedback for learning in higher education: A systematic review

Feedback is an integral part of education and there is a substantial body of trials exploring and confirm-ing its effect on learning. This evidence base comes mostly from studies of compulsory school age chil-dren; there is very little evidence to support effective feedback practice at higher education, beyond the frameworks and strategies advocated by those claiming expertise in the area. This systematic review aims to address this gap. We review causal evidence from trials of feedback and formative assessment in higher education. Although the evidence base is currently limited, our results suggest that low stakes-quizzing is a particularly powerful approach and that there are benefits for forms of peer and tutor feedback, although these depend on implementation factors. There was mixed evidence for praise, grading and technology- based feedback. We organise our findings into several evidence- grounded categories and discuss the next steps for the field and evidence-informed feedback practice in universities.
Venture philanthropy in public schools in Australia: tracing policy mobility and policy networks

ABSTRACT The paper studies the emergence of venture philanthropy in public schools in Australia, focusing on policy networks and policy mobility. It seeks to analyse how policy is mobilised and leveraged via networks, focusing on the initiative of a national education charity with deductible gift recipient status, and a national research education institute. By drawing on network ethnography, and following people, things, and money, the paper studies the restructuring of traditional government and its relationship to, and with, policy networks. Policy networks, as shown in this paper, are highly diverse in shape and form, consisting of powerful human actors, but also influential non-human actors that take on lateral scope including government reports, policy documents, and parliamentary legislation. The restructuring of the state apparatus is not a hollowing out of the state, but rather the state performs a central node within a policy network, challenging the notion that non-state actors supersede the role of the state. Policy networks represent highly valuable commodities and tend to be characterised by their reproductive values. These networks are tangibly reshaping the way money and commodities are circulated, offering a transactional currency and commodity within a marketplace, and reaching into public schools.
An empirical study of student action from ipsative design of feedback processes

Abstract Feedback is justified when it has a positive influence on students’ subsequent performance. Opportunities for student action need therefore to be consciously designed if feedback is to influence learning. In this paper, we discuss how ipsative design of feedback processes, i.e. involving comparison of a student’s current performance with a previous similar task, can promote action from feedback. This design-based research was conducted with English for Academic Purposes students. A formative e-portfolio was implemented to facilitate students’ access to their past work and feedback comments. Its aim was to explore how students exploit the ipsative design of feedback to build on both their own and teacher’s actions. Analysis of student artefacts and interviews indicated that ipsative design prompts student comparison processes. Students were motivated to revisit their goals, make comparisons with previous work, and review peers’ work. The effects of the design included motivation to engage with feedback beyond the immediate task and the revisiting of past work and action to improve it. Implications for teachers and curriculum designers are discussed including the need to create conditions for student action from feedback by including interconnected tasks and explicit comparison activities in the courses.
Coping strategies associated to widespread fear and post-traumatic stress criteria in a Mexican sample during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the population generating widespread fear due to people’s perception that both their health and safety are at risk. Widespread fear, a synonym for social anxiety, is associated with affective intrusive cognitions. Likewise, it is related to symptoms of post-traumatic stress, physiological intrusive and eluding coping responses, and could be associated with long-term vulnerability to develop PTSD. Objective. To assess the association between coping strategies, widespread fear to COVID-19, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in Mexican population exposed to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Method. A cross sectional, empirical, descriptive study through survey research was performed; 370 participants were sampled by nationality quotas, and they completed digital self-informed instruments on an on-line psychosocial intervention. Sample size was estimated using a power analysis. Results. Findings showed reliable indicators between physiological coping and PTSD symptoms. There was a 42% variance related to PTSD delayed intrusive cognitive responses, a 40% variance was related to PTSD negative alterations in cognitions and mood, a 31% variance was explained by hyperarousal responses, and a 29% of the variance represented PTSD avoidance symptoms. Widespread fear of COVID-19 was explained by affective behavioral coping strategies linked also to PTSD symptoms. Discussion and conclusion. Research found consistency between findings and theories on emotion-centered strategies, which in turn were are related to affective coping around widespread fear to COVID-19 and avoidance intrusive symptoms, physiological coping with avoidance, considering future community post-traumatic stress traits and anxiety disorders in Mexican communities exposed to the pandemic, linking strategies with community trauma.
Understanding Foundation Philanthropy to Human Service Organizations: Funding Stratification in an Urban Grants Economy

ABSTRACT Human service nonprofit organizations navigate a complex funding environment. Grants from philanthropic foundations are one piece of this puzzle, conveying both funds and legitimacy. This paper examines foundation funding to human service nonprofits in one urban grants economy. Nonprofits are stratified into three groups: new entrants, repeat players, and sustained players. This sorting has serious consequences and is related to organizational characteristics, resource dependence, institutional factors, and network participation. Further, it appears that funding to repeat players is becoming more concentrated over time. Implications for research and practice are considered.
Combining ability of quality protein maize inbred lines under low and optimum soil nitrogen environments in Ethiopia

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop on which many smallholder farmers in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) depend on as a sole source of calories, proteins, and vitamins. However, conventional maize is deficient in two essential amino acids, lysine, and tryptophan. Thereafter, Quality Protein Maize (QPM) developed to combat protein malnutrition. In SSA low soil nitrogen is also the most limiting factor in maize production and productivity. To determine the combining ability of QPM inbred lines for grain yield and other agronomic traits under low and optimum N environments, 121 genotypes generated using 11 QPM inbred lines in a complete diallel mating design with 5 checks were evaluated under both low and optimum N environments at 3 locations in the 2018 cropping season. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for major characters under both low and optimum N environments. Under low and optimum N environments, non-additive gene actions were more important than additive gene action for grain yield, number of ears per plant, plant and ear height, ear length and diameter. Under low N environments, more contributions of reciprocal effects than GCA effects were observed for number of ears per plant, plant aspect, ear diameter. Parental lines TL156579, TL156583, and TL148288 were considered as a good general combiner for grain yield under low N environments. Parental line TL156612 showed higher positive GCA effects when used as female while parental line TL156612 showed higher negative GCA effects when used as a male parent for grain yield under low N environments. Key words: Complete diallel, general combining ability, low soil nitrogen, lysine, optimum soil nitrogen, quality Protein maize, reciprocal effect, tryptophan.
Theoretical Calculations of the Cross-sections for (n,α) and (n,xα) reactions on the Structural Material for Fusion Reactor 46-50Ti

The biggest problem of structural materials for fusion reactor is the damage caused by the fusion product neutrons to the structural material. If this problem is overcomed, an important milestone will be left behind in fusion energy. One of the important problems of the structural material is that nuclei forming the structural material interacting with fusion neutrons are transmuted to stable or radioactive nuclei via (n, x) (x; alpha, proton, gamma etc.) reactions. In particular, the concentration of helium gas in the structural material increases through deuteron- tritium (D-T) and (n, α) reactions, and this increase significantly changes the microstructure and the properties of the structural materials. Therefore, in this study, the effects of the different nuclear level density models on the excitation functions of the (n, α) reactions on 46-50Ti isotopes, an attractive candidate for the structural material for fusion reactors, have been investigated for the first time. Also, the differential cross-sections with respect to alpha energy for the emission of alpha particles of the 46-50Ti (n, xα) reactions have been investigated at 14.1 MeV incident neutron energy. The calculations are performed using the two-component exciton model in the TALYS 1.9 code, and the results are compared with available experimental data. The results of this study will contribute to nuclear database as required for improving, design and operations of the important facilities as ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor), DEMO (The demonstration power plant) and ENS (European Nuclear Society).
Reporting Thyroid Cytology in a Globalized World

The Italian SIAPEC-AIT 2014 classification, the 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC), the 2016 UK Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) thyroid reporting system, and the 2019 Japanese reporting system for thyroid aspiration cytology (JRSTAC2019) represent the most widely used reporting systems among clinicians and pathologists for the purpose of cytologically diagnosing, estimating the potential risk of malignancy (ROM), and defining the most appropriate treatment for a patient with a thyroid nodule. Although all the systems use overlapping diagnostic categories and morphologic criteria, they differ on the basis of the criteria for inclusion in the cytologic categories, which may, in turn, affect the ROM of a given category and the clinical management of the patient, particularly with regard to the “indeterminate” categories. The aim of this review is to analyze the main differences that emerge between the systems and to propose possible solutions for a comprehensive reporting system that integrates and harmonizes all the criteria of the Italian classification and the Bethesda system, also taking into account the impact that the new tumor entity NIFTP (non-invasive follicular tumor with papillary-like nuclear features) that has, in many instances, replaced the non-invasive form of the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, has had on the modification of malignancy risks.
The short chain fatty acid butyrate prevents intracellular replication of Legionella by regulating cysteine levels in macrophages

Macrophages can prevent infections from intracellular pathogens by restricting access to essential nutrients, termed nutritional immunity. With the exception of tryptophan depletion, it is unclear if other amino acids are similarly regulated in infected macrophages. Here, we show that the expression of nutrient transporters in Legionella-infected macrophages is modulated by the short chain fatty acid butyrate. Butyrate prevented the upregulation of the cystine/glutamate exchanger, Slc7a11, in macrophages infected with L. pneumophila, which decreased cellular cysteine levels. Butyrate and the Slc7a11 inhibitor erastin impaired intracellular Legionella replication in macrophages in vitro, with these being restored by exogenous supplementation with cysteine. Butyrate caused increased histone acetylation in infected macrophages, and pan- and class II HDAC inhibitors also restricted intracellular Legionella growth in a cysteine-dependent manner. Intranasal administration of butyrate reduced L. pneumophila lung burdens in mice. Our data suggest that butyrate alters the metabolism of macrophages to promote nutritional immunity by decreasing cysteine levels and that this can be harnessed to treat bacterial lung infections.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 targeted antibodies cocktail and B cell receptor interplay: interventions to trigger vaccine development

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 spread globally and creates an alarming situation. Following the SARS-CoV-2 paradigm, therapeutic efficacy is achieved via repurposing several antiviral, antibacterial, and antimalarial drugs. Innate and adaptive immune cells work close to combat infection through the intricate production of antibodies (Abs) and inflammatory cytokines. As an essential component of the immune system, Abs play an important role in eliminating viruses and maintaining homeostasis. B lymphocytes (B cells) are effector cells, stringent to produce neutralizing Abs to combat infection. After recognizing SARS-CoV-2 antigens by a surface receptor called B cell receptors (BCRs) on the plasma membrane, the BCRs transmembrane signal transduction and immune activation results in Ab production and development of immune memory. Thus, it ensures that plasma B cells can quickly start an intricate immune response to generate efficient protective Abs to clear the pathogen. Nevertheless, considering therapeutic challenges in the context of the new coronavirus pandemic, this review addresses the molecular mechanism of the immune activation and function of novel SARS-CoV-2 specific B cells in the production of SARS-CoV-2 specific Abs. Additionally, these studies highlighted the Ab-mediated pathogenesis, the intriguing role of nano-scale signaling subunits, non-structural proteins during COVID-19 infection, and structural insights of SARS-CoV-2 specific Abs.
Supplementary material to "N2 fixation in the Mediterranean Sea related to the composition of the diazotrophic community, and impact of dust under present and future environmental conditions"

Abstract. N2 fixation rates were measured in the 0–1000 m layer at 13 stations located in the open western and central Mediterranean Sea (MS) during the PEACETIME cruise (late spring 2017). While the spatial variability of N2 fixation was not related to Fe, P nor N stocks, the surface composition of the diazotrophic community indicated a strong eastward increasing longitudinal gradient for the relative abundance of non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCD) (mainly γ-Proteobacteria) and conversely eastward decreasing for UCYN-A (mainly -A1 and -A3) as did N2 fixation rates. UCYN-A4 and A3 were identified for the first time in the MS. The westernmost station influenced by Atlantic waters, and characterized by highest stocks of N and P, displayed a patchy distribution of diazotrophic activity with an exceptionally high rate in the euphotic layer of 72.1 nmol N L−1 d−1, which could support up to 19 % of primary production. At this station at 1 %PAR depth, UCYN-A4 represented up to 94 % of the diazotrophic community. These in situ observations of higher UCYN-A relative abundance in nutrient rich stations while NCD increased in the more oligotrophic stations, suggest that the nutrient conditions could determine the composition of the diazotrophic communities and in turn the N2 fixation rates. The impact of Saharan dust deposition on N2 fixation and diazotrophic communities was also investigated, under present and future projected conditions of temperature and pH during short term (3–4 days) experiments at three stations. New nutrients from simulated dust deposition triggered a significant stimulation of N2 fixation (from 41 % to 565 %). The strongest increase in N2 fixation was observed at the stations dominated by NCD and did not lead on this short time scale to change in the diazotrophic community composition. Under projected future conditions, N2 fixation was either exacerbated or unchanged, in that later case this was probably due to a too low nutrient bioavailability or an increased grazing pressure. The future warming and acidification likely benefited NCD (Pseudomonas) and UCYN-A2 while disadvantaged UCYN-A3 without knowing which effect (alone or in combination) is the driver, especially since we do not know the temperature optima of these species not yet cultivated as well as the effect of acidification.
Adopting Online Learning in College Developmental Education Coursework: Impact on Course Persistence, Completion, and Subsequent Success

ABSTRACT Online learning has been increasing rapidly at community colleges, especially in low-division high-demand coursework, such as developmental education. While existing studies have identified negative effects associated with online instruction in semester-long coursework in this particular setting, there is less evidence about how distance learning influences students’ completion of developmental education coursework and, more importantly, their subsequent academic outcomes. This paper examines the impact of fully online instruction, compared with traditional face-to-face instruction, on both concurrent developmental course outcomes and downstream outcomes. We use an administrative dataset from a state community college system that includes longitudinal student-unit record data from more than 40,000 students enrolled in developmental education courses between 2005 and 2012, and employ a two-way fixed effects model that controls for selection both at the course- and student-level. We find that taking one’s first developmental course through the online format reduces developmental course completion rate by 13 percentage points and subsequent enrollment in the gatekeeper course by 7 percentage points. Successful completion of developmental and subsequent gateway coursework represents critical milestones among community college students. This paper provides insight on how delivery format influences both the concurrent and downstream outcomes of developmental education students.
A survey of Registered Nurses’ educational experiences and self-perceived capability to care for people with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder

ABSTRACT Aims and Objectives To survey the educational experience of Registered Nurses in Australia, at undergraduate, post graduate and continuing professional development levels. Background It has been previously demonstrated that nurses feel unprepared to care for people with intellectually disability and/or autism spectrum disorder in mainstream clinical settings. Specific undergraduate pre-registration curricula content in this domain has been identified to be low in volume, and in the absence of any studies to determine it, it has been presumed that it has diminished over time. Methods A cross-sectional survey of Australian Registered Nurses using a descriptive survey tool. Results The level of education undertaken related to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder has been consistently low across time and it predates the move from pre-registration hospital based training to the tertiary sector. A relationship was identified between the experience of education and self-reported preparedness, comfort and knowledge to care for people with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder. Conclusion Increased educational preparation for nurses to care for people with intellectual disability and/or autism is indicated.
Bragg Scattering of Surface Gravity Waves Due to Multiple Bottom Undulations and a Semi-Infinite Floating Flexible Structure

Surface gravity wave interaction with a semi-infinite floating elastic plate in the presence of multiple undulations has been studied under the assumption of linearized water wave theory and small amplitude structural response. The elastic plate is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation, whilst the multiple undulations are categorized as an array of submerged trenches or breakwaters. The numerical solution obtained in finite water depth using the boundary element method is validated with the semi-analytic solution obtained under shallow water approximation. Bragg resonance occurs due to the scattering of surface waves by an array of trenches or breakwaters irrespective of the presence of the floating semi-infinite plate. The zero-minima in wave reflection occur when the width of the trench and breakwater is an integer multiple of 0.6 and 0.35 times wavelength, respectively, as the number of trenches or breakwaters increases. In contrast to trenches and breakwaters in isolation, non-zero minima in wave reflection occur in the presence of a semi-infinite plate. Moreover, the number of complete cycles in trenches is less than the number of complete cycles in breakwaters, irrespective of the presence of the floating structure. The frequency of occurrence of zero minimum in wave reflection is reduced in the presence of the semi-infinite plate, and wave reflection increases with an increase in rigidity of the floating plate. Time-dependent simulation of free surface displacement and plate deflection due to multiple undulations of seabed in the presence of the semi-infinite floating plate is demonstrated in different cases.