Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FPGA Acceleration of CNNs-Based Malware Traffic Classification

With the rapid development of the Internet, malware traffic is seriously endangering the security of cyberspace. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)-based malware traffic classification can automatically learn features from raw traffic, avoiding the inaccuracy of hand-design traffic features. Through the experiments and comparisons of LeNet, AlexNet, VGGNet, and ResNet, it is found that LeNet has good and stable classification ability for malware traffic and normal traffic. Then, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) accelerator for CNNs-based malware traffic classification is designed, which consists of a parameterized hardware accelerator and a fully automatic software framework. By fully exploring the parallelism between CNN layers, parallel computation and pipeline optimization are used in the hardware design to achieve high performance. Simultaneously, runtime reconfigurability is implemented by using a global register list. By encapsulating the underlying driver, a three-layer software framework is provided for users to deploy their pre-trained models. Finally, a typical CNNs-based malware traffic classification model was selected to test and verify the hardware accelerator. The typical application system can classify each traffic image from the test dataset in 18.97 μs with the accuracy of 99.77%, and the throughput of the system is 411.83 Mbps.
Simulation of the long-term effects of different strategies for precommercial thinning in Pinus sylvestris

ABSTRACT The influence of the intensity and timing of precommercial thinning (PCT) on stand development and financial return was studied in Scots pine stands. Functions describing the early development of the stand structure after PCT were developed. The functions were based on 195 plots within 41 PCT experiments in Sweden. The dimension distribution of the established stand was estimated and used as input to the decision support system Heureka, to simulate the stand development until final felling. The studied treatments included PCT to 1000, 2000 and 3000 stems ha−1 at mean heights of 2, 4 and 6 m. Separate simulations were carried out for different site fertilities. Mean annual volume increment increased with increasing number of stems after PCT whereas the timing of PCT had only a small effect. The land expectation value (LEV) generally decreased with increasing mean height at PCT, primarily because of the increased cost of PCT. LEV decreased with increasing number of stems after PCT at low fertility sites whereas only minor differences were found for PCT to 1000 and 2000 stems ha−1 at medium and high fertility sites. The general pattern persisted when different scenarios of future timber quality were simulated.
Role of ammonium ions on the modulation of apoptosis in glutamine-starved cells

iii STATEMENT OF CO-AUTHORSHIP . v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . vi DEDICATION . vii TABLE OF CONTENTS . viii LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF FIGURES . xiii LIST OF APPENDICES . xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xvii
Saponin production from Quillaja genus species. An insight into its applications and biology

: Quillaja genus (Quillajaceae family) is endemic to South America, where is represented by two species, Quillaja saponaria and Quillaja brasiliensis . One outstanding characteristic of these forest tree species is their production of saponins, a family of amphipathic glycosides, involved in the defensive response of plants against biotic and abiotic factors. Saponins are metabolites of economic importance due to their chemical and physical properties. Basic and applied research efforts performed during the last decades, mainly on Q. saponaria , have placed these compounds as an important raw material in industrial areas, such as food and beverage, cosmetics, vaccine production, biopesticides, among others. In this review, we summarize information on saponins from Quillaja species during the last years, analyzing current developments by application areas, as well as their chemical composition and properties. We also describe the general advances in revealing saponin biosynthesis pathways, related genes and Quillaja genomes, as well as the conservation status, domestication processes, and perspectives in the context of implementing genetic improvement programs.
SNP Haplotypes in the Angiotensin I‐Converting Enzyme (ACE) Gene: Analysis of Nigerian Family Data Using Gamete Competition Models

Gamete competition models were used to explore the relationships between 13 ACE gene polymorphisms and plasma ACE concentration in a set of Nigerian families. Several markers in the 5′ and 3′ regions of the gene were significantly associated with ACE concentration (P < 10‐4). Multi‐locus genotypes comprising different combinations of markers from the 5′ UTR and the 3′ region of the gene were also analysed; in addition to G2350A, in the 3′ region, two markers from the 5′ UTR (A‐5466C and A‐240T) were found to be associated with ACE concentration. These results are consistent with reports that have suggested the presence of at least two ACE‐linked QTLs, and demonstrate the utility of gamete competition models in the exploratory investigation of the relationship between a quantitative trait and multiple variants in a small genomic region.
How experiencing autonomy contributes to a good life

ABSTRACT To discern what accounts for moment-to-moment fluctuations in well-being, the present study investigated how state-level autonomy relates to three aspects of well-being: affect, engagement, and meaning measured at the momentary level using the experience sampling method (ESM). These effects were contrasted with the impact of activity types (work, study, play, rest), controlling for life satisfaction and demographic differences, using multilevel regression analyses. Controlling for all other predictors, autonomy was the only significant predictor for momentary affect and engagement; it was the strongest predictor for momentary meaningfulness. Autonomy showed a positive linear relationship in predicting affect, whereas the relationship was quadratic for the remaining two aspects of well-being such that engagement and meaning increase as autonomy rises from none, low, to moderate levels but plateau from moderate to high autonomy. Results suggest that beyond what people do, a key to well-being may be experiencing higher autonomy without necessarily eliminating extrinsic motivation.
Global university president leadership characteristics and dynamics

ABSTRACT This exploratory paper articulates the development, characteristics and nature of global university presidents and their leadership. It draws insights from a growing project which so far has involved in-depth interviews with 18 presidents of major globally focused universities. Analysing and reporting these interview results reveals the enigmatic world of presidential leadership broadens this field of research beyond the Anglosphere, helps build interpretative frameworks and perspectives, and furnished insights for guiding leadership development. The exploratory findings reinforce the particular value of studying university presidents, as these people have enormous authority, expertise and prominence.
Greenhouse Gas Emission and Soil Properties as Influenced by Wheat Biomass Burning in Vertisols of Central India

Biomass burning is a major contributor to the atmospheric carbon budget and increases the concentration of many trace gases apart from the adverse effects on soil properties. However, in many parts of India, crop residue burning is a recurrent and widespread practice for disposal of the residues after harvest of the previous crop to facilitate sowing of the succeeding crop. The residue burning on a larger scale also leads to severe atmospheric pollution. Against this backdrop, the present work was conducted to study the effect of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) residue burning on soil properties and assess the potential greenhouse gas emission from burning of such residues on a regional scale. The study was taken up on farmers' field in Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh, with two residue disposal methods, viz. residue burning and residue removal, for comparison with respect to their effect on soil properties and the greenhouse gas emission potential. No significant difference was observed between both methods in terms of soil organic carbon, inorganic carbon and available P content at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths. Though residue burning showed favourable effect on available K content, there was reduction in the available N content in the 15-30 cm soil depth. Residue burning did not show significant effect on soil biological activity as estimated from fluorescence diacetate test. On the other hand, there was a significant adverse effect on soil structure and labile carbon content. Residue burning was estimated to result in the emission of 379 Gg C equivalent for India and 14 Gg C equivalent for MP.
Studies on the Growth Rate of Silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Fed with Control and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNps) Treated

To evaluate the growth rate of larval and pupal parameters of silkworm Bombyx mori fed with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNps) treated mulberry leaves, the following works have been considered. The AgNp was synthesized by chemical reduction method, it was diluted by different concentrations such as 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (without dilution). Fresh mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) were sprayed by each concentration and were fed to silkworms, from , and instar, five feedings/day. Group larvae received mulberry leaves sprayed with distilled water and served as control, group , , and larvae received 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% AgNps sprayed mulberry leaves, respectively. Silkworm larvae fed on M. alba () leaves sprayed with 25% concentration of AgNps (group ) was significantly increased the larvae and cocoon length, width and weight as compared to those fed on control (group ) mulberry leaves and other groups (, and ). Hence, 25% AgNps dose was fixed as an effective dose. It has been observed from the present study that 25% AgNps treated (group ) leaves fed by silkworms have enhanced the larval and pupal growth and quantity of silk production than control.
Have Stock Markets across the Globe Been Kidnapped by the Covid-19 Pandemic?

Based on data of 6 major developed stock markets, this paper provides empirical evidences about how stock markets across the globe behave during the Covid-19 global pandemic. Evidences show that the movements of most stock market indices were individually dependent on the development of the Covid-19 pandemic in the corresponding countries during the pre-bottom period. However, this phenomenon largely faded away after stock markets bottomed out and entered into the recovery stage. Vector error correction model (VECM) confirms the cross-markets equilibrium during the Covid-19 pandemic and the majority of stock markets are expected to restore to new equilibriums relatively quickly if exogenous shocks are introduced in the future.
Hepatotoxicity-Induced by the Therapeutic Dose of Acetaminophen and the Ameliorative Effect of Oral Co-administration of Selenium/Tribulus terrestris Extract in Rats

Over dose or long-term clinical use of therapeutic doses of acetaminophen (APAP) causes hepatotoxicity. Various strategies attempted to ameliorate APAP-hepatotoxicity have been found to be unsuitable for clinical practice. This study was a imed to illustrate the histopathological changes induced by therapeutic dose of APAP and investigate the hepatoprotective role of oral coadministration of selenium/ Tribulus terrestris (TT) extract concurrently against hepatotoxicity induced by APAP in rats. Fifty-four healthy male albino Wistar rats were randomized into nine groups (G1–G9) of six rats each, and administered with APAP and TT or ally for 30 days as follows: Control (2ml normal saline), APAP (470 mg/kg), APAP (470 mg/kg) + selenium (2 mg/kg), APAP (470 mg/kg) + TT (98 mg/kg), APAP (470 mg/kg) + selenium (2mg/kg) + TT (98 mg/kg), APAP (470 mg/kg) + silymarin (200 mg/kg), selenium (2 mg/ kg), TT (98 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) groups. The results demonstrated that exposure of rats to therapeutic dose of APAP for 30 days caused significant histopathological changes parallel to elevated blood chemistry parameters. Coadministration of seleni um/TT extract showed significantly reduced histopathological lesions and, restored or decreased levels of the examined blood chemistr y parameters. Liver histology in selenium/TT extract showed normal hepatic architecture with mild changes and silymarin treated rats showed n o histopathological changes. Histochemically PAS staining, showed that APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was characterized by hepatocyt es glycogen depletion. Selenium/TT co-supplementation plays a potential role in preventing APAP-induced glycogen depletion by incr easing detoxification and scavenging the reactive metabolites. Selenium/TT extract oral co-administration possesses a significant hepa toprotective property and mitigates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing its antioxidant role and improving tissue integrity. Selenium/T T supplementation could represent an effective treatment against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Further studies are needed to eluci date the exact mechanism underlying the protective role of TT extract.
Effect of Bypass Fat Supplementation on Haematology, Growth and Reproductive Performance in Jaffrabadi Buffaloes

The objective of the experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding bypass fat on haematological, growth and reproductive parameters on Jaffrabadi buffaloes (twenty four) in their 1-4 lactation. They were randomly selected and divided into four group of six each for 183 days. Twenty four Jaffrabadi buffaloes were divided into four groups of equal number: Control group (T1), Bypass fat @ 10g/lt. milk yield (T2), Bypass fat @ 20g/lt. milk yield (T3) and Bypass fat @ 30g/lt. milk yield (T4). Blood samples were collected on the 1st and 183rd day of the trail. A close examination of the nutritive effects of different levels of bypass fat (MAGNAPAC) supplementation on haematological values in the blood (white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and pack cell volume (PCV) was carried out. Body weight and reproductive parameters like service period, conception rate and post partum estrus were consideration in this experiment. No significant differences were found between treatments in haematological values and in growth of animals. But due to these treatments required about 16 -27% less service per conception, observed shorter service period than control group. Bypass fat have no effect on haematological and growth parameters but it helped to improve the reproductive performance especially in post partum in Jaffrabadi buffaloes.
Molecular Engineering of Organic Spacer Cations for Efficient and Stable Formamidinium Perovskite Solar Cell

Low dimensional (LD) perovskite materials generally exhibit superior chemical stability against ambient moisture and thermal stress than that of 3D perovskites. Recently, LD perovskite has been used as a passivation layer on the surface of 3D perovskite grains. Although various LD perovskites have been developed focusing on their hydrophobicity, the impact of crystal structure of LD perovskite on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell (PSC) is still uncertain. In this work, the effects of the structural characteristics of LD perovskites on the crystal formation of formamidinium lead triiodide (α‐FAPbI3) and on the optoelectrical properties of PSCs are elucidated. The phase‐transformation kinetics of FAPbI3 mixed with LD perovskites is studied using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model. It is found that the arrangement of PbI6 octahedra in the LD perovskite changes the rate of α‐FAPbI3 formation. Facilitated nucleation of α‐FAPbI3 at the LD/FAPbI3 interface results in minimal structural disorder and prolonged charge‐carrier lifetimes. As a result, the PSC with the optimized LD perovskite structure exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 21.25% from a reverse current–voltage scan, and stabilized efficiency of 19.95% with excellent ambient stability without being encapsulated.
An investigation of the evolution of the anguimorph lizard venom system

13 TOXICOFERA . 13 ANGUIMORPHA . 17 TOXINS . 23 CONCLUDING REMARKS . 43 REFERENCES . 44 CHAPTER 2: FOSSILIZED VENOM: THE UNUSUALLY CONSERVED VENOM PROFILES OF HELODERMA SPECIES (BEADED LIZARDS AND GILA MONSTERS) . 60 ABSTRACT . 6
BUMG Yang Mensejahterakan, Antara Peluang Dan Tantangan (Studi Dilingkungan Pemerintah Kota Lhoksuemawe)

The policy of issuing Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages is the basis for allocating funds for development and empowerment of villages, which are the basis of society and the nation at the lowest level of government called Gampong. The funds allocated for the Gampong come from the APBN, Provincial APBD or Regency / City APBK. Through this policy, it is hoped that the Gampong will develop into an independent Gampong that is able to organize and take care of itself. The allocation of Gampong funds is directed to finance government activities, development and community empowerment. Specifically for the economic sector in Gampong, the government established a Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMG) which is a strategic business driver for collective economic development in order to improve the quality of life and create a prosperous society. BUMG is a form of Gampong economic independence with financial support through APBK as a capital to move strategic and potential business units based on local wisdom, with the final hope that there will be a transformation from a helpless village to a more capable and government driven village to a capable independent village organize and take care of itself. BUMG must be able to compete in today's global era with the right strategy, and BUMG must act as a social entrepreneur who not only prioritizes profit but pays more attention to the welfare of the community. To determine the potential business berkearifan riel local businesses, conducted through a SWOT analysis with a focus on internal factors BUMG ie Strength (Strength) and weakness (Weakness) owned and external factors that are Opportunities (Opportunities) and Challenge (Threats). With a SWOT analysis, it finally makes it easier to apply the concept of a plan as a step to develop a future BUMG model.
Soil–Structure Interaction Study on 3D SMRFs of Indo-Gangetic Plain Using Resonant Vibration Tests

ABSTRACT This study investigates the soil–structure interaction (SSI) behavior of low- to medium-rise steel moment-resisting frames (SMRF) resting on loose Ganga sand through a series of resonant vibration tests. Three-dimensional models of a three-story and a six-story structure are used for this purpose. Horizontal harmonic excitations, tuned to the first two natural frequencies of the structures, are applied using a modal mass shaker. Afterwards, a numerical model is developed where the SSI is modeled using discrete Winkler-type springs, and the experimental results are compared with the analytical ones. The study indicates that the floor acceleration and column moment decrease significantly (as much as 50% and 74%, respectively) when the structure is placed on the soil bed compared to the fixed base condition. The estimated energy dissipation is up to 23% through foundation rocking vibration. Furthermore, the deformation and moment distribution profiles are observed to be very sensitive to the exciting frequency, indicating the importance of frequency characteristics of input motions while characterizing the dynamic behavior of multi-story SMRFs.
Weed Seed Response to Methyl Isothiocyanate and Metham

Methyl isothiocyanate (MIT) consistently killed large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA] seed at concentations of 4.0 mM or greater. Concentrations of 0.6 to 1.0 mM MIT delayed germination of large crabgrass seed but ultimately allowed the majority of seed to germinate. Dormant large crabgrass seed were killed at concentrations of MIT similar to those required to kill nondormant seed. MIT stimulated germination of dormant large crabgrass seed at sublethal concentrations (0.1 to 1.0 mM). Experiments with metham (sodium methyldithiocarbamate) in the greenhouse and field (metham rapidly degrades to MIT in soils) confirmed results of laboratory experiments with MIT.
Analysis of RDR1/RDR2/RDR6-independent small RNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana improves MIRNA annotations and reveals novel siRNA loci

Plant small RNAs regulate key physiological mechanisms through post-transcriptional and transcriptional silencing of gene expression. sRNAs fall into two major categories: those that are reliant on RNA Dependent RNA Polymerases (RDRs) for biogenesis and those that aren’t. Known RDR-dependent sRNAs include phased and repeat-associated short interfering RNAs, while known RDR-independent sRNAs are primarily microRNAs and other hairpin-derived sRNAs. In this study, we produced and analyzed small RNA-seq libraries from rdr1/rdr2/rdr6 triple mutant plants. Only a small fraction of all sRNA loci were RDR1/RDR2/RDR6-independent; most of these were microRNA loci or associated with predicted hairpin precursors. We found 58 previously annotated microRNA loci that were reliant on RDR1, −2, or −6 function, casting doubt on their classification. We also found 38 RDR1/2/6-independent small RNA loci that are not MIRNAs or otherwise hairpin-derived, and did not fit into other known paradigms for small RNA biogenesis. These 38 small RNA-producing loci have novel biogenesis mechanisms, and are frequently located in the vicinity of protein-coding genes. Altogether, our analysis suggest that these 38 loci represent one or more new types of small RNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Significance Statement Small RNAs regulate gene expression in plants and are produced through a variety of previously-described mechanisms. Here, we examine a set of previously undiscovered small RNA-producing loci that are produced by novel mechanisms.
Effect of prostaglandin F2α administration during the first postpartum hours on the serum calcium concentration of dairy cows

Subclinical hypocalcemia occurs frequently in dairy cows and predisposes them to reproductive pathologies. Prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) improves uterine health and increases the level of serum calcitriol in other species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium cloprostenol on serum calcium, metabolites of vitamin D and reproductive variables. Eighty multiparous Holstein cows were selected and randomized into two groups. The cows in Group 1 (n = 38) were treated with 500 μg of I M sodium cloprostenol, a synthetic analog of PGF2a, at 1 and 48 h postpartum. Group 2 was the control group (n = 42). Blood samples were taken from 10 animals per group at 1, 3, 12, 24, 48 h and 7 d postcalving. The incidence of retained placenta, metritis and endometritis and the number of open days were recorded. The concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, calcidiol and calcitriol in the serum were evaluated using an analysis of variance for repeated measures design. The serum Ca concentration was increased up to normalized at day 7 in the PGF2a group compared with the level in the control group. PGF2a treatment increased the serum calcium concentration and reduced the number of open days, and thus, could be useful in preventing subclinical hypocalcemia and postpartum reproductive problems.