Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of serum HE4 levels contributes to the diagnosis of lung cancer

Lung cancer (LC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-associated death. Serum markers that exhibit high sensitivity and specificity for LC may assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of LC. The banked serum samples from 599 individuals, including 201 healthy controls, 124 patients with benign lung diseases, and 274 LC cases, were used. The serum concentrations of biomarkers were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and chemiluminescence immunoassay. The results showed that the serum human epididymis secretory protein 4 (HE4) levels in the LC group were significantly higher than in the healthy and benign lung disease groups. The serum levels of HE4, NSE, and CYFRA21-1 were significantly higher in patients with LC compared to those in the benign lung disease group. The area under the area under the curve (AUC) of HE4 for discriminating LC from healthy controls was 0.851 (95% CI, 0.818-0.884) and 0.739 (95% CI, 0.695-0.783), 0.747 (95% CI, 0.704-0.790), 0.626 (95% CI, 0.577-0.676), and 0.700 (95% CI, 0.653-0.747) for NSE, CYFRA21-1, SCC, and ProGRP, respectively. The AUC value of the combination of serum HE4 combined with NSE, CYFRA21-1, SCC, and proGRP for cancer diagnosis was 0.896 (95% CI, 0.868-0.923). In early LC, the AUC value of HE4 for discriminating early LC from healthy controls was 0.802 (95% CI, 0.758-0.845), 0.728 (95% CI, 0.679-0.778), 0.699 (95% CI, 0.646-0.752), 0.605 (95% CI, 0.548-0.662), and 0.685 (95% CI, 0.630-0.739) for NSE, CYFRA21-1, SCC, and ProGRP, respectively. The AUC value of the combination of serum HE4 with NSE, CYFRA21-1, SCC, and proGRP for early LC was 0.867 (95% CI, 0.831-0.903). Serum HE4 is a promising LC biomarker, particularly for early-stage LC. Measuring serum HE4 levels may improve the diagnostic efficiency of LC.
The relative efficiency of direct and maximum likelihood estimates of mean waiting time in the simple queue, M/M/1

A problem of estimating waiting time in the statistical analysis of queues is investigated. The continuous time study of the M/M/1 queue made by Bailey is adapted to obtain the asymptotic variance of a direct estimate of waiting time as obtained under conditions of incomplete information. This is then compared with the asymptotic variance of the maximum likelihood estimate as obtained under conditions of complete information and based on the results of Clarke.
Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Fed with Pelvetia canaliculata-Supplemented Diets: An Insight towards the Valorization of Seaweed Biomass

Seaweeds are a sustainable source of protein and lipids that may be used to replace fish by-products in aquaculture feed. This study aimed at using the macroalgae Pelvetia canaliculata as an ingredient in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) feed, either as freeze-dried powder or as algae residue (waste) that was obtained after the supplementation of sunflower oil. The formulated diets and the fish muscle were analyzed concerning the proximate composition and the fatty acid profile. The health lipid indices hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H), atherogenic (AI), thrombogenic (TI), as well as n-3/n-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratios were calculated. Additionally, the peroxidizability index (PI) was determined. No differences were observed in the proximate composition of fish muscle regardless of the diet used. Fish fed a diet supplemented with 10% of algae waste (W10) stand out for the highest content in oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), and the lowest in both linoleic (C18:2 n-6) and palmitic (C16:0) fatty acids. All fish samples showed values of health lipid indices within the limits recommend for a nutritional balanced diet. These results highlight that fish fed diets supplemented with P. canaliculata are sources of healthy lipids that might be consumed on a regular basis to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Effect of Protein Concentrates and Isolates on the Rheological, Structural, Thermal and Sensory Properties of Ice Cream

The possibility of using protein concentrates and isolates instead of milk solids-not-fat (MSNF) in the production of ice cream with a high mass fraction of milk fat (12%) and increased mass fraction of protein was investigated and justified in this article. The ice cream samples with use of milk protein concentrates (MPC), whey protein concentrates (WPC), milk protein isolates (MPI) and native whey protein isolates (NWPI) were made according to classical technology. Ice cream samples were analyzed by their quality indices. Viscosity and texture of samples were studied by the rheological methods; the overrun was calculated. The microstructural properties, such as dispersion of ice crystals and air bubbles were investigated by the light microscopy. The sensorial properties were analyzed by 6 certified panelists. The reduction in viscosity by 9-74% with use of MPC, WPC and MPI and the increase by 96% with use of NWPI were noted. It was found that replacement of MSNF reduced the overrun by 36-67%. Study of microstructure showed that with use of protein isolates, mean size of ice crystals was reduced and with use of protein concentrates was increased. The increasing in mean size of air bubbles with use of NWPI was established. The studied textural parameters were increased with use MPC and MPI. The hardness and adhesiveness with use of NWPI were increased. The sensorial properties of samples with replacement of MSNF were not worse than with use of MSNF. It has been established that the replacement of MSNF with concentrates and isolates of milk and whey proteins can be an effective way to increasing the protein content in ice cream while maintaining or improving its sensory properties.
TRANSITION OF MHD FLOWS IN CONFINED GEOMETRIES WITH HELICAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Transition of MHD flows in confined geometries with helical boundary conditions Jorge Morales, Wouter J.T. Bos
New digital signature scheme based on discrete logarithm

The purpose of this Comment is to show that the digital signature scheme based on the discrete logarithm problem proposed by Yen and Laih (ibid., vol. 29, no. 12, p. 1120-1, 1993) is vulnerable to substitution attack like other similar signature schemes based on discrete exponentiation in their basic form. It means that given a valid signature of a known message, it is computationally feasible to generate a valid signature of another different known message without the knowledge of the private key. Substitution is typically prevented by the use of a hash function or a redundancy generating function. >
A vertical pathway for teaching and learning the concept of energy

A vertically integrated, research-based approach to teaching the concept of energy in primary, middle and upper secondary schools was designed. In primary school, the energy concept is developed from the idea of a state property of bodies, occurring in four types, which transform from one to another during interactions. In middle school, transformations are analyzed in terms of variations in quantities associated with each energy type in simple experiments. In upper secondary school, the conservation of energy is addressed through the conversion of the different types into internal energy to identify their formal definitions. The learning process is monitored by means of students’ responses to tutorials and pre/post-tests, and interviews.
Multiscale Context Features for Geological Image Classification

: Dealing with image retrieval in corporate systems becomes challenging when the dataset is small and the images present features in multiple scales. In this paper, we propose the notion of multiscale context features, in order to decrease information loss and improve the classification of images in such scenarios. We propose a preprocessing approach that splits the image into a set of patches, computes their features using a pre-trained model, and computes the context feature representing the whole image as an aggregation of the features extracted from individual patches. Besides that, we apply this approach in different scales of the image, generating context features of different scales, and we aggregate them to generate a multiscale representation of the image, which is used as the classifier input. We evaluated our method in a geological images dataset and in a publicly available dataset. We evaluate our approach with three efficient pre-trained models as feature extractors. The experiments show that our approach achieves better results than the conventional approaches for this task.
Differentiation Disorders of Chara vulgaris Spermatids following Treatment with Propyzamide

Microtubules are cytoskeletal cell elements that also build flagella and cilia. Moreover, these structures participate in spermatogenesis and form a microtubular manchette during spermiogenesis. The present study aims to assess the influence of propyzamide, a microtubule-disrupting agent, on alga Chara vulgaris spermatids during their differentiation by means of immunofluorescent and electron microscopy methods. Propyzamide blocks the functioning of the β-tubulin microtubule subunit, which results in the creation of a distorted shape of a sperm nucleus at some stages. Present ultrastructural studies confirm these changes. In nuclei, an altered chromatin arrangement and nuclear envelope fragmentation were observed in the research as a result of incorrect nucleus–cytoplasm transport behavior that disturbed the action of proteolytic enzymes and the chromatin remodeling process. In the cytoplasm, large autolytic vacuoles and the dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) system, as well as mitochondria, were revealed in the studies. In some spermatids, the arrangement of microtubules present in the manchette was disturbed and the structure was also fragmented. The observations made in the research at present show that, despite some differences in the manchette between Chara and mammals, and probably also in the alga under study, microtubules participate in the intramanchette transport (IMT) process, which is essential during spermatid differentiation. In the present study, the effect of propyzamide on Chara spermiogenesis is also presented for the first time; however, the role of microtubule-associated proteins in this process still needs to be elucidated in the literature.
Dimension Reduction in Statistical Estimation of Partially Observed Multiscale Processes

We consider partially observed multiscale diffusion models that are specified up to an unknown vector parameter. We establish for a very general class of test functions that the filter of the original model converges to a filter of reduced dimension. Then, this result is used to justify statistical estimation for the unknown parameters of interest based on the model of reduced dimension but using the original available data. This allows to learn the unknown parameters of interest while working in lower dimensions, as opposed to working with the original high dimensional system. Simulation studies support and illustrate the theoretical results.
An Improved Robust Stability Criterion for Power Systems with Time-varying Delay

In view of the conservativeness of the stability analysis based on the direct method,an improved robust stability criterion is developed.A novel Lyapunov functional is constructed.With the restrictions on the differentiability and the derivative of time-varying delay removed,the conservativeness is reduced.Furthermore,the results obtained that are formulated in the form of linear matrix inequalities(LMI)can be effectively solved using the LMI toolbox.Finally,the single machine system and WSCC 3-generator-9-bus system are employed to calculate the delay margin.The effectiveness and practicality of the method proposed is verified by simulation results.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyran-2-Ones Organocatalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

In recent years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) have gained recognition as versatile molecules capable of acting as organocatalysts in various reactions, particularly through the activation of aldehydes via Breslow-type adducts. This organocatalytic activation has enabled the production of numerous 3,4-dihydropyran-2-ones and related derivatives. In this review, we provide an overview of the production of 3,4-dihydropyran-2-ones and derivatives via organocatalytic processes involving NHCs over the past eight years. These processes involve the use of a diverse range of substrates, catalysts, and reaction conditions, which can be classified into [4+2]-and [3+3]-type cycloadditions, primarily aimed at synthesizing this skeleton due to its biological activity and multiple stereocenters. These processes are scaled up to the gram scale, and the resulting products are often directed towards epimerization and functionalization to produce more complex molecules with potential applications in the biological field. Finally, we provide a perspective and the future directions of this topic in organic synthesis.
Whistler emission in the separatrix regions of asymmetric magnetic reconnection

At Earth's dayside magnetopause asymmetric magnetic reconnection occurs between the cold dense magnetosheath plasma and the hot tenuous magnetospheric plasma, which differs significantly from symmetric reconnection. During magnetic reconnection the separatrix regions are potentially unstable to a variety of instabilities. In this paper observations of the separatrix regions of asymmetric reconnection are reported as Cluster crossed the magnetopause near the subsolar point. The small relative motion between the spacecraft and plasma allows spatial changes of electron distributions within the separatrix regions to be resolved over multiple spacecraft spins. The electron distributions are shown to be unstable to the electromagnetic whistler mode and the electrostatic beam mode. Large‐amplitude whistler waves are observed in the magnetospheric and magnetosheath separatrix regions, and outflow region. In the magnetospheric separatrix regions the observed whistler waves propagate toward the X line, which are shown to be driven by the loss in magnetospheric electrons propagating away from the X line and are enhanced by the presence of magnetosheath electrons. The beam mode waves are predicted to be produced by beams of magnetosheath electrons propagating away from the X line and potentially account for some of the electrostatic fluctuations observed in the magnetospheric separatrix regions.
Management of Dermatophytosis: Real-World Indian Perspective

Background: In spite of the availability of multiple consensus statements on dermatophytosis management, different treatment approaches have been experienced in India and require more scrutiny to further update guidelines and improve patient care. Aim: To determine the different approaches in dermatophytosis diagnosis and management among dermatologists in India. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire was created and validated by five panelists with experience of >15 years in dermatophytosis and then circulated to about 2,000 dermatologists in India in September 2021 for a real-world management scenario. Results: Out of 2,000 dermatologists, 459 responded. About half of the dermatologists (51%) routinely conduct potassium hydroxide mount (KOH) at the initiation of therapy. Similarly, about 53% of dermatologists initiate the management of dermatophytosis with combination therapy in all types of dermatophytosis for 4–6 weeks depending upon severity. Different types of combinations are being practiced, such as either two systemic and one topical, two topicals and one systemic, but the combination of one systemic and one topical (69%) is the most commonly practiced. Itraconazole (100 mg twice a day) and luliconazole are the most commonly prescribed antifungal medications. In case of non-response to routine dose of systemic anti-fungals, about 72% of dermatologists up dose them. Most of them continue these drugs for additional 1–2 weeks after clearance of the disease. Additionally, keratolytics and moisturizers are commonly prescribed. Additionally, 62% advise liver function tests (LFTs) at the initiation of therapy, whereas 72% advise monitoring adverse effects due to systemic antifungal drugs during treatment. Conclusion: Combination therapy stood out as the need of the hour in the current menace of dermatophytosis with timely monitoring of laboratory tests for adverse events due to the use of systemic antifungals for a longer duration.
Variation in Seed Dormancy of Chaco Seasonally Dry Forest Species: Effects of Seed Traits and Population Environmental Conditions

The persistence of subtropical seasonally dry forests urgently requires the implementation of ex situ conservation and restoration programs. We studied variation in seed traits and dormancy of six native species growing in seasonally dry Chaco forests of Argentina. We documented high intra- and interspecific variability in seed traits and dormancy. Fresh seeds of Geoffroea decorticans and Parasenegalia visco (Fabaceae) were water-permeable and nondormant (ND), while those of Parkinsonia praecox and Vachellia aroma (Fabaceae) were water-impermeable and had physical dormancy (PY). Seeds of Schnopsis lorentzii (Anacardiaceae) and Sarcomphalus mistol (Rhamnaceae) were water-permeable and had physiological dormancy (PD). Mechanical and chemical scarification were the most effective methods to break PY, and dry storage for 3 months was effective in breaking PD. Seeds of large-seeded species were ND or had PD, and those of small-seeded species had PY. Species inhabiting moist habitats had ND seeds, whereas those from seasonally dry habitats had seeds with PY or PD. These results suggest that seed traits and dormancy are species-specific and that intraspecific variation in seed traits is likely associated with high phenotypic plasticity of species in response to local environmental heterogeneity. These findings should be considered at the time of implementation of conservation techniques and for seed sourcing decisions for restoration.
Evaluation of the Kinetic Energy Approach for Modeling Turbulent Fluxes in Stratocumulus

Abstract The modeling of vertical mixing by a turbulence scheme on the basis of prognostic turbulent kinetic energy (E) and a diagnostic length scale (l) is investigated with particular emphasis on the representation of entrainment. The behavior of this E–l scheme is evaluated for a stratocumulus case observed in the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment, and a comparison is made with the results of large eddy simulation models for the same case. It appears that the E–l model is well capable of reproducing the main features of vertical mixing and entrainment. This is the case with a high vertical grid spacing of 25 m and a short time step of 1 s, even with a relatively simple formulation for the turbulent length scale. However, the model results degenerate rapidly on coarse temporal and spatial resolution. For time steps on the order of 1 min it is shown that the process-splitting time integration scheme (in which the tendencies due to turbulent diffusion and radiation are computed independently) r.
Effects of Zeowine and Compost on leaf functionality and berry composition in Sangiovese grapevines

Meteorological extremes such as heatwaves and water limitations during the ripening season could negatively impact vine ecophysiology and berry metabolism resulting in lower yield per vine. This project aimed to compare two different soil managements during two growing-production seasons (2021 and 2022) with respect to control without any treatment (control). The two managements were: Zeowine (30 t/ha; a soil conditioner made with clinoptilolite and compost proceeding of industrial wine-waste) and compost (20 t/ha). The trial was organized at Col d ’ Orcia Estate (Montalcino, Tuscan wine region, Italy). The purpose was twofold: (1) to evaluate the effects of Zeowine treatments on leaf gas exchanges, midday stem water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf temperature (ecophysiology); and (2) to determine any repercussions on the quality of the grapes (technological and phenolics analyses). The parameters plant yield, yeast assimilable nitrogen, fractionation of anthocyanins (cyanidin, delphi-nidin, malvidin, peonidin and petunidin), caffeic acid, coumaric acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol and quercetin were also analysed. Zeowine showed higher photosynthesis, less negative midday water potential and lower leaf temperature. Essentially, no significant difference was found between the compost and the control. Furthermore, Zeowine grapevines showed higher anthocyanin accumulation and less quercetin content. In general, compost applied together with zeolite could alleviate the adverse effects of water stress and improve plant growth, yield and quality. The control management strategy proved to be the least beneficial for the well-being of the plant and the final quality of the product, confirming the need for amendments in critical years.
K →ππ Δ I=3/2 decay amplitude in the continuum limit

We present new results for the amplitude $A_2$ for a kaon to decay into two pions with isospin $I=2$: Re$A_2 = 1.50(4)_\mathrm{stat}(14)_\mathrm{syst}\times 10^{-8}$ GeV; Im$A_2 = -6.99(20)_\mathrm{stat}(84)_\mathrm{syst}\times 10^{-13}$ GeV. These results were obtained from two ensembles generated at physical quark masses (in the isospin limit) with inverse lattice spacings $a^{-1}=1.728(4)$ GeV and $2.358(7)$ GeV. We are therefore able to perform a continuum extrapolation and hence largely to remove the dominant systematic uncertainty from our earlier results, that due to lattice artefacts. The only previous lattice computation of $K\to\pi\pi$ decays at physical kinematics was performed using an ensemble at a single, rather coarse, value of the lattice spacing ($a^{-1}\simeq 1.37(1)$ GeV). We confirm the observation that there is a significant cancellation between the two dominant contributions to Re$A_2$ which we suggest is an important ingredient in understanding the $\Delta I=1/2$ rule, Re$A_0$/Re$A_2\simeq 22.5$, where the subscript denotes the total isospin of the two-pion final state. Our result for $A_2$ implies that the electroweak penguin contribution to $\epsilon^\prime/\epsilon$ is Re($\epsilon^\prime/\epsilon)_\textrm{EWP}=-(6.6\pm 1.0)\times 10^{-4}$.