Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foreword to the special issue: Arctic Palaeoclimate and Its Extremes (APEX)

The recent mass loss of the Greenland ice sheet (Chen et al. 2006), the observed increases in the velocity of its fast-flowing outlets (Luthcke et al. 2006) and the melting of the permafrost demonstrate the profound changes occurring in the Arctic region as a result of global warming (ACIA 2005). This is corroborated by systematic satellite monitoring that shows there has been a progressive decrease in the extent of sea ice over the last 30 years, with a record low in 2007 (Comiso et al. 2008). Forward modelling predicts accelerated rates of sea-ice disintegration and the almost complete disappearance of Arctic Ocean summer sea-ice cover within this century. It is clear that the environment in the Arctic is changing at a pace not previously monitored by humankind. It is equally clear, however, that to place the current changes in a millennial time perspective, we need to know more about the Pleistocene natural variability and amplitude of, for example, the Greenland ice sheet, Arctic Ocean sea ice and permafrost. Such a longer time perspective can only be established through international collaborative and multidisciplinary studies of nature’s own archives, such as marine and terrestrial stratigraphic records, sediment distribution and landforms.
3D Scene Graph Generation From Point Clouds

Scene graph generation is a significant and challenging task for scene understanding. Most existing methods are confined to the 2D space (i.e. images) or additional use of segmentation information, while neglecting the richer spatial and geometric information of 3D space. In this paper, we propose a novel method to generate scene graphs from 3D point clouds. Specifically, our model consists of three parts: a point feature extraction backbone, a box head, and a relation head. The feature extraction backbone extracts base features directly from raw point clouds, and the box head produces detected 3D bounding boxes. Final 3D scene graphs are obtained from the relation head which takes the extracted features and 3D boxes as inputs. We also design a point RoI module which sequentially processes points inside 3D boxes with a bidirectional LSTM. To further leverage the geometric characteristics of point clouds, we propose a location attention module which learns the influence of relative locations between objects. We introduce the RelationScanNet dataset with densely annotated semantic and geometric relationships, which extends one of the most widely used dataset ScanNetV2 in 3D indoor scene understanding. We test the proposed method on the RelationScanNet dataset and 3DSSG dataset. The results prove the strength of our method.
Author ' s personal copy The relationship between happiness and health : Evidence from Italy

We test the relationship between happiness and self-rated health in Italy. The analysis relies on a unique dataset collected through the administration of a questionnaire to a representative sample (n 1⁄4 817) of the population of the Italian Province of Trento in March 2011. Based on probit regressions and instrumental variables estimates, we find that happiness is strongly correlated with perceived good health, after controlling for a number of relevant socio-economic phenomena. Health inequalities based on income, work status and education are relatively contained with respect to the rest of Italy. As expected, this scales down the role of social relationships. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Assessment of Place of Delivery and Associated Factors among Pastoralists in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluation

Background Pastoralist communities rely on their livestock for at least 50% of their food supply and source of income. Home births raise the risk of maternal morbidity and death, whereas institutional births lessen the likelihood of difficulties during labor. Around 70% of labors in pastoralist regions of Ethiopia were assisted by traditional birth attendants. Methods Studies done from January 2004 to January 2023, accessed in PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and other search engines, were included. PRISMA guidelines and JBI critical appraisal checklist were used to assure the quality of the review. Ten articles were included in this review. Data were extracted with Excel and exported to STATA 16 for analysis. Heterogeneity of literatures was evaluated using I2 statistics and publication bias using the Egger regression asymmetry test and the Duval and Tweedie trim-fill analysis. Statistical significance was declared at p value less than 0.05. Result The pooled estimate of institutional delivery among the pastoralist community in Ethiopia is 21.2% (95% CI: 16.2-26.1). Husbands who were involved to decide place of delivery (OR = 3.47; 95% CI: 1.61, 7.50), women with good knowledge of MCH services (OR = 2.283; 95% CI: 1.51, 3.44), women who had a positive attitude towards MCH services (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 0.79, 3.6), availability of health institutions (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 0.95, 7.20), and women who had an ANC follow-up (OR = 2.78; 95% CI: 2.07, 3.73) were higher institutional delivery prevalence among pastoralist women. Moreover, institutional delivery among women who were educated above the college level was more than two times (OR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.985, 3.304) higher than among women who were not educated. Conclusion Pastoralist women in Ethiopia were found to be a disadvantaged group for institutional delivery at national level. Husband involvement, educational level, ANC visit, knowledge and attitude for MCH service, and health facility distance were identified to have significant association with institutional delivery.
Climate change-perceived impacts, risks, vulnerability, and response strategies: A case study of Mombasa coastal tourism, Kenya

Climate change policies are advancing, at least rhetorically. These policies are made through complex processes of interactions among stakeholders whose opinions are shaped by historical experiences, beliefs, awareness and understanding of potential climate impacts coupled with information received from third parties, both formal and informal. However, it has been argued that tourism stakeholders’ actions in response to climate change will depend on their supply-side perceived vulnerability. Interviews were used to study tourism stakeholders’ past account of environmental hazards, perception potential impacts of climate change and their response strategies for coastal tourism region of Mombasa, Kenya. Findings indicate categorical awareness variation with government officials, conservation and research institutes being more aware of climate change potential impacts whereas tourism managers were found to have global picture of the phenomena rather than local picture of the occurrence of climate change impacts despite having experienced challenges of water scarcity, coral reef bleaching, changes in precipitation, flooding, and changes in beach structure which all have implication for tourism. No tangible adaptation actions are reported among tourism operators, but the government is engaging on planed adaptation. Information sharing, education and actor– partnerships among the players at the destination are proposed and further research gaps are outlined.
Advanced evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ) accessions for fodder production in the central rift valley of Ethiopia

The experiment was conducted at Adami Tulu Research Center in 2004 with 37 selected lines of grain type cowpea (Vignia species) germ-plasm introduced from Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Lowland Pulse Improvement Program for the advanced nursery trial. Dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureius both var. Highworth and Rongai) and cowpea (Vignia ungiculata var. white worder training type) were included as a control for herbage yield and quality evaluation and ranking. The top ten accessions of cowpea (IT82D 889, TUX 1948-01F, TVU 1142 4, IT85F 2687, 82D 504-4, IT84D-448, IT93K2046-2, IT87D 551-1, IITAUK91-12, 87D -1802,) and Dolichos lablab var. Rongai was selected using the visual observation data taken during the 2004 growing season and promoted for further advanced evaluation. Advanced evaluation was carried out during the growth period, 2005 and 2006, using randomized complete block design (RCBD) of three replication of plot size 3 × 2 m. Fresh weight yield, hay yield, grain yield of both years showed statistically significant difference among accessions (p<0.005) during both growing periods. There was statistically significant difference in percentage dry matter (DM%), percentage organic matter (OM%), percentage ash (ASH%) and percentage crude protein (CP%) (P<0.0001) and the highest value of 88.94, 79.32, 12.09 and 22.3% were shown by accessions IITAUK91-12, IT87D 551-1, 87D -1802 and IT93K 2046-2, respectively. The different accessions responded to the different seasons differently based on the rainfall duration in their herbage and grain yield that needs further categorization. Key words: Adami Tulu, Dolichos lablab, herbage var. Rongai yield.
Buoyancy-driven propagation of isolated fluid-filled fractures: Implications for fluid transport in Gulf of Mexico geopressured sediments

A large portion of the sediments within the northern Gulf of Mexico contain pore fluid pressures in excess of hydrostatic. Development of geopressure is generally attributed to compaction disequilibrium caused by rapid deposition of low-permeability sediments in the Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene. Numerous studies have examined the formation of overpressures and/or expulsion of geopressured fluids into overlying hydropressured strata. However, very little attention has been given to fluid flow within the geopressured zone itself. Movement of oils from Cretaceous or older source rocks into Plio-Pleistocene reservoirs in the Gulf Basin requires as much as 10 km of vertical migration in a few million years. Precipitation of cements in some geopressured sediments also implies large-scale fluid flow. New evidence from a deep well in the Eugene Island area, offshore Louisiana, indicates that geopressured sediments are mechanically very weak with a Poisson's ratio greater than 0.4 and a shear modulus or rigidity less than 1 GPa. In addition, large-scale fluid flow either through interconnected pores or fractures is not occurring in this location, at least at present. An alternative hypothesis is that upward fluid transport in geopressured sediments is caused by buoyancy-driven propagation of isolated fluid-filled fractures. Using linear fracture mechanics, I show that vertical fractures with lengths of a few meters can propagate at velocities of 1000 m/yr. Mass flux rates (∼100 kg/m2/yr) are significant assuming a mechanism for formation of fluid-filled fractures exists, such as hydrofracturing when fluid pressures exceeded the minimum confining stress. Fracture propagation velocity and mass flux rate are strongly dependent on the shear modulus of geopressured sediments.
MANIFESTAÇÕES PATOLÓGICAS EM ESTRUTURAS DE CONCRETO ARMADO

O presente trabalho aborda as principais manifestações patológicas existentes em estruturas de concreto armado, salientando a importância de ser estudado esse assunto e, ainda, trazendo uma análise detalhada sobre suas principais causas. De início, faz-se um detalhamento referente ao tema deste trabalho, usando os principais autores ligados a área do estudo em questão como referências bibliográficas. Para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo de caso, foi aplicado as metodologias empregadas pelos referidos autores, citando os erros mais comuns cometidos pela mão de obra, desde a concepção estrutural até sua utilização. Analisando os levantamentos teóricos, conclui-se a extrema necessidade de ações a serem tomadas, apontando causas e prevenções dos variados tipos de anomalias presentes nas estruturas.
The Surface Exchange Of Nitric Oxide

Among the different components of the surface exchange of nitric oxide anthropogenic as well as biogenic emissions are overwhelming. While inventories for anthropogenic NO% sources are presently among the most thorough compilations of pollutants' emissions, our knowledge on biogenic NO emissions is comparatively poor. A brief overview is given about (a) the importance of NO% emissions for tropospheric chemistry, (b) the present estimate of global NO emissions, (c) techniques suitable for the mesurement of NO surface exchange, (d) microbial and abiotic processes regulating the soil-biogenic NO emission and its main influencing factors, and (e) the present state of modeling (global) soil-biogenic NO inventories.
Pleural Mesothelioma: Advances in Blood and Pleural Biomarkers

Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a type of cancer that is highly related to exposure to asbestos fibers. It shows aggressive behavior, and the current therapeutic approaches are usually insufficient to change the poor prognosis. Moreover, apart from staging and histological classification, there are no validated predictors of its response to treatment or its long-term outcomes. Numerous studies have investigated minimally invasive biomarkers in pleural fluid or blood to aid in earlier diagnosis and prognostic assessment of PM. The most studied marker in pleural effusion is mesothelin, which exhibits good specificity but low sensitivity, especially for non-epithelioid PM. Other biomarkers found in pleural fluid include fibulin-3, hyaluronan, microRNAs, and CYFRA-21.1, which have lower diagnostic capabilities but provide prognostic information and have potential roles as therapeutic targets. Serum is the most investigated matrix for biomarkers of PM. Several serum biomarkers in PM have been studied, with mesothelin, osteopontin, and fibulin-3 being the most often tested. A soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) is the only FDA-approved biomarker in patients with suspected mesothelioma. With different serum and pleural fluid cut-offs, it provides useful information on the diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up, and response to therapy in epithelioid PM. Panels combining different markers and proteomics technologies show promise in terms of improving clinical performance in the diagnosis and monitoring of mesothelioma patients. However, there is still no evidence that early detection can improve the treatment outcomes of PM patients.
Construction of Spar Calcite Crystals Around Spores

ABSTRACT Growth of spar calcite crystals in rootcretes from the Bluff Formation of Grand Cayman was mediated by spores (1 µm diameter) through a three-stage paragenetic sequence. Stage I involved calcification of the spore walls and, in some cases, precipitation of minute anhedral calcite crystals around the spores. In Stage II spar calcite grew around the spores which acted as nuclei for precipitation. Stage III was marked by the development of overgrowth zones around clusters of spores that occurred along the edges of smaller, previously formed crystals. Precipitation of calcite inside the spores occurred at any stage. Spore identity was progressively lost as the crystals grew. The resultant crystals appear identical to abiogenic crystals, because they contain little or no evidence of he spores that mediated their formation.
Unleashing Competitive Edge: Empowering the IT Sector with CSR Excellence

While numerous scholars have concentrated on investigating the repercussions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on diverse aspects of business across various industries, there persists a research void in conducting comprehensive analyses of CSR tactics within the Information Technology (IT) sector. Therefore, this study seeks to bridge this gap by appraising the repercussions of CSR on competitive advantage within IT firms. The outcomes from a sample of 98 Malaysian IT enterprises reveal that, among the four CSR components — legal, ethical, economic, and discretionary — the legal, ethical, discretionary, and economic dimensions positively influence competitive advantage in descending order. These collective findings indicate a noteworthy function of CSR in amplifying competitive advantage within IT companies in Malaysia.
Investigating the Link between Eating Attitudes, Taste and Odour Preferences and the Chemical Senses

Simple Summary Women with clinically diagnosed eating disorders have shown changes in their ability to taste and smell. However, whether this is true for non-clinical populations is unknown. We conducted the first study investigating whether high levels of disordered eating attitudes were associated with poorer taste and smell ability in a non-clinical sample. Our results indicated higher levels of disordered eating attitudes may be associated with different sensitivities to the odours from sweet and fatty foods compared to those with lower levels of disordered eating attitudes. However, further research is required to confirm our findings. Abstract Objectives: To examine if higher degrees of pathological eating attitudes in a non-clinical sample are associated with odour and taste perception and preferences based on psychophysical ratings. Participants and Methods: A total of 80 female university students completed the eating attitudes test (EAT-26), followed by four chemosensory measures including olfactory and gustatory perception plus perceptual ratings and preferences for food odours and tastes. Results: There were no significant correlations between EAT-26 scores and measures of olfactory and gustatory perception. However, a significant interaction effect indicated higher degrees of pathological eating attitudes may be associated with differential sensitivity to sweet and fatty food odours compared to those with lower levels of pathological eating attitudes. Conclusions: This was the first study to examine pathological eating attitudes using food stimuli with a non-clinical sample. The results remain preliminary until replication. However, the findings highlight the need for development of measures of disordered eating attitudes and behaviours that go beyond caloric restriction.
Education and Awareness on Antimicrobial Resistance in the WHO African Region: A Systematic Review

This review documents the status of AMR education and awareness in the WHO African region, as well as specific initiatives by its member states in implementing education and awareness interventions, as a strategic objective of the Global Action Plan on AMR, i.e., improve knowledge and understanding on AMR through effective communication, education, and training. A systematic search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and African Journals Online Library according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, for articles published in English. Retrieval and screening of articles was performed using a structured search protocol following a pre-set inclusion/exclusion criterion. Eighty-five published articles reporting 92 different studies from 19 Member States met inclusion criteria and were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Nigeria (21) and Ethiopia (16) had most of the studies, while the rest were distributed across the remaining 17 Member States. The majority of the articles were on knowledge, attitude, and practices with regard to AMR and antimicrobial use and most of them documented a general lack and suboptimal knowledge, poor attitude and practices, and widespread self-medication. This review shows low levels of knowledge of AMR coupled with extensive misuse of antimicrobial medicines by different target audiences. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced and context-specific educational and positive behavioural change interventions.
Study of Relationship between Fines Content and Cohesion of Soil

the prepared the field samples, carried out the laboratory procedure, performed the statistical analysis, managed literature searches and wrote the draft and final manuscripts. ABSTRACT The relationship between fines content and cohesion of soil was studied. Selected lateritic soil samples were subjected to laboratory analysis. The fines were separated from the coarse component of the soils after which the samples were remoulded in varying ratios (fines:coarse) from 10:100 to 100:0 in 10% increment. Then the samples were subjected to unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test to determine the shear strength parameters. Quantitative relationships between fines content and cohesion of the soil samples were developed. It was found that, the cohesion of the soil samples generally increased with increase in fines content; the polynomial relationships gave the best fitting between the fines content and cohesion of the soil samples. cohesion shear This study focuses on soil cohesion as to the soil mechanics aspect.
Visual Interpretation of Vegetation Classes from Airborne Videography: An Evaluation of Observer Proficiency with Minimal Training

with aerial still photography. The spatial resolution and imThis study evaluated the ability of individual subjects and age clarity of video cannot match those of still photography, small groups to correctly identi& ~~i~~~~ plant communities but the range of spectral sensitivity possible with video camfrom color airborne video footage, explored the relationship eras 's much wider than that of film and the turnsoffive background variables to subjects' success, and deter- round time for video acquisition is negligible compared with mined which community types were easiest and most diffi- that of traditional aerial photography (Graham, 1993). Gain cult for subjects to identi& Forty-six volunteers from the settings and adjustments On the camera can be University of Arizona School of Renewable Natural Re- used to compensate for poor flying conditions, especially low sources participated in a multiple-choice prete~t-postte~t ex- light. Image motion and the opportunity to view a spot on periment using 30 dinerent plant communities depicted in the ground from different perspectives in successive frames l-minute segments of videotape. ~h~~~ hours of training in often aids interpretation. Also, features are seen at different creased the mean individual score from seven correct (pre- scales in successive frames as the camera zooms in or out. test) to 21 correct (posttest), and mean group score from 11 The markedly lower cost of video acquisition makes repeated to 24. All respondents significantly improved their perform- resource monitoring surveys than they ance, regardless of background. Posttest results showed no be with photography. significant difference in ability among individuals or between Videogra~h~ cannot match the views afforded individuals and groups. The most difficult community to by satellite imagery, but can serve as an accessory source of identifl was creosote-tarbush desertscrub; the easiest was pa- ground-truth information for mapping resources over large loverde-saguaro desertscrub. Findings support the feasibility seas. For example, georefwenced video (identificaof video interpretation by minimally trained personnel. tion) of plant communities can be used as input for a supervised classification of satellite imagery, or to confirm and label polygons resulting from an unsupervised classification
Syntaxonomic Conspectus of the Vegetation of Catalonia and Andorra. I: Hygropilous Herbaceous Communities

The first part of a general survey of the vegetation of Catalonia and Andorra, this paper reports all the phytocoenological associations and subassociations recorded in this area. For each community, we provide the correct name and usual synonyms, its typification (where appropriate), all the references including releves, and the most outstanding features of its structure, species composition, ecology, distribution and diversity. Moreover, asso- ciations and subassociations are ordered appropriately in a syntaxonomic scheme. Syntaxonomic ranks are considered in a fairly broad, conservative sense. This classification established 101 associations, which correspond t o the classes Lemnetea, Zosteretea, Potametea, Littorelletea, Montio-Carda- minetea, Phragmiti-Magnocaricetea, Scheuchzerio-Caricetea, Isoeto-Nanojun- cetea and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea.