Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of a Factor That Affects the Usage of Unsounded Code Strings at the End of Japanese and English Tweets

(cid:151)In this study, we compare Japanese and English tweets submitted to Twitter and discuss how we use unsounded code strings at the end of online messages. We (cid:2)rst de(cid:2)ne unsounded codes and unsounded code strings used in Japanese and English text. Next, we compare and discuss the usage of unsounded code strings at the end of Japanese and English tweets, especially, to general public and particular persons. Finally, we show the receiver of a tweet, whether general public or a particular person, is a factor that affects the usage of unsounded code strings at the end of Japanese and English tweets. Speci(cid:2)cally, Japanese speakers use unsounded code strings at the end of tweets more frequently to particular persons than to general public while English speakers do not.
Effect of Molecular Weight on Turbulent Drag Reduction with Polyisobutylene

Turbulent drag-reduction efficiency of polyisobutylene with three different, very high molecular weights was studied in a build-up closed loop gas oil circulation system. The turbulent mode was produced via a positive displacement gear pump to avoid mechanical degradation of polymer chains during the experimental period. Three molecular weights 2.9*10 6 , 4.1*10 6 and 5.9*10 6 g/mol dissolved in reformate were used as additives in order to investigate the effect of molecular weight on drag-reduction rate. The effect of polymer concentration was investigated over a range up to 70 wppm in gas oil flow Reynolds number 8341 to 35747 as well as in 1.25 inch inside pipe diameter. A gradual increase of drag reduction and throughput was achieved by increasing the polymer concentration and gas oil flow rate. Friction factor was calculated from the experimental data. For untreated gas oil pipelining, friction factor values lies near Blasuis asymptotes. While by addition of polymer drag reducer into the flow, the friction factor values were positioned towards Virk maximum drag-reduction asymptotes, noticeably for the highest molecular weight type. Furthermore the investigation showed that the degree of molecular weight is significantly in drag reduction performance. Correlation equations were suggested to predict the effect of flow parameters, concentration, flow rate and finally polymer molecular weight on pressure drop reduction. The results of the correlations showed good agreement between the observed and predicted pressure drop reduction values, with a higher than 97% correlation coefficient.
BIOINFORMATICS Penalized logistic regression for high-dimensional DNA methylation data with case-control studies

Motivation: DNA methylation is a molecular modiﬁcation of DNA that plays crucial roles in regulation of gene expression. Particularly, CpG rich regions are frequently hypermethylated in cancer tissues, but not methylated in normal tissues. However, there are not many methodological literatures of case-control association studies for high-dimensional DNA methylation data, compared with those of microarray gene expression. One key feature of DNA methylation data is a grouped structure among CpG sites from a gene that are possibly highly correlated. In this article, we proposed a penalized logistic regression model for correlated DNA methylation CpG sites within genes from high-dimensional array data. Our regularization procedure is based on a combination of the l 1 penalty and squared l 2 penalty on degree-scaled differences of coefﬁcients of CpG sites within one gene, so it induces both sparsity and smoothness with respect to the correlated regression coefﬁcients. We combined the penalized procedure with a stability selection procedure such that a selection probability of each regression coefﬁcient was provided which helps us make a stable and conﬁdent selection of methylation CpG sites that are possibly truly associated with the outcome. Results: Using simulation studies we demonstrated that the proposed procedure outperforms existing main-stream regularization methods such as lasso and elastic-net when data is correlated within a group. We also applied our method to identify important CpG sites and corresponding genes for ovarian cancer from over 20 000 CpGs generated from Illumina Inﬁnium HumanMethylation27K Beadchip. Some genes identiﬁed are potentially associated with cancers.
Alkylation of (cid:1) -Tubulin on Glu 198 by a Microtubule Disrupter

We have shown that (cid:1) -tubulin was alkylated by a microtubule disrupter, N -4-iodophenyl- N (cid:1) -(2-chloroethyl)urea (ICEU), on a glutamic acid residue at position 198 and not on the previously proposed reactive cysteine 239. ICEU belongs to the 4-substi-tuted-phenyl- N (cid:1) -(2-chloroethyl) urea class that alkylates mainly cellular proteins. Previous studies have shown that the tert - butyl (tBCEU) and iodo (ICEU) derivatives induce microtubule disruption because of (cid:1) -tubulin alkylation. tBCEU was sup-posed to bind covalently to cysteine 239 of (cid:1) -tubulin, but this binding site was not clearly confirmed ( Cancer Res 60: 985–992, 2000). We have isolated and analyzed (cid:1) -tubulin after two-dimensional infusion, and the ionization was performed a noncoated capillary MA). Data acquisition was performed in a manual mode, and the collision-induced dissociation of selected precursor ions was performed using 30% relative collision energy. The MS/MS data from the nonalkylated peptide were searched against the mammalian database subset from the NCBI database the SEQUEST search engine, LCQ Deca software package; Thermo Elec-tron). data alkylated peptide interpreted
Minimizing the Completion Time of Distributed Learning Workloads via Deep Reinforcement Learning

Minimizing the Completion Time of Distributed Learning Workloads via Deep Reinforcement Learning Yifan Gong Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2019 Large-scale machine learning models are routinely trained in a distributed fashion due to their increasing complexity and data sizes. Distributed learning is therefore proposed to reduce the completion time of a machine learning workload by leveraging parallelism. However, distributed learning workloads are time-consuming and resource-intensive in general. Consequently, we study the problem of minimizing the completion time of distributed learning workloads under two different settings within this thesis. The first is a shared cluster handling multiple distributed learning workloads with a parameter server framework, while the second is a distributed learning method called Federated Learning. Inspired by the recent advances in deep reinforcement learning, we use an experiencedriven approach to solve these two problems. Our extensive array of simulation results have shown clear evidence of the effectiveness of our proposed methods.
VHRM_A_266510 429..435

1School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA; 2Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; 3Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA Background: Cardiology fellows, in particular, are in a unique position to mold the new cardiovascular workforce, especially in terms of risk prevention. There is a growing need for the cardiovascular workforce. In the United States, one person dies every forty-two seconds due to a cardiovascular adverse event. Methods: A PRISMA systematic review included comprehensive search of the MED-LINE database (PubMed) from 1927 to 2020 – the oldest to newest available literature on the subject available through PubMed. Results: Fifty-seven cardiology fellows together interpreted a total of 1719 EKGs with a correct rate of 52%. Sixty-four fellows completed a total of 1363 echocardiography interpretations with an accuracy rate of nearly 75%. Conclusion: Based on the studies discussed, it is evident that a cardiology fellow, particularly in their early years of training, may be limited due to a lack of experience. With continued EKG and echocardiogram interpretation, as well as other clinical skills practice, fellows can improve their diagnostic accuracy and procedural efficiency.
Structural properties of the M31 dwarf spheroidal galaxies

The projected structures and integrated properties of the Andromeda I, II, III, V, VI, VII and Cetus dwarf spheroidal galaxies are analysed based upon resolved counts of red giant branch stars. The observations were taken as part of the Isaac Newton Telescope Wide Field Survey of M31 and its environs. For each object, we have derived isopleth maps, surface brightness proﬁles, intensity-weighted centres, position angles, ellipticities, tidal radii, core radii, concentration parameters, exponential scalelengths, Plummer scalelengths, half-light radii, absolute magnitudes and central surface brightnesses. Our analysis probes into larger radiusandfaintersurfacebrightnessesthanmostpreviousstudies,andasaresultweﬁndthatthe galaxies are generally larger and brighter than has previously been recognized. In particular, the luminosity of Andromeda V is found to be consistent with the higher metallicity value which has been derived for it. We ﬁnd that exponential and Plummer proﬁles provide adequate ﬁts to the surface brightness proﬁles, although the more general King models provide the best formal ﬁts. Andromeda I shows strong evidence of tidal disruption and S-shaped tidal tails are clearly visible. On the other hand, Cetus does not show any evidence of tidal truncation, let alone disruption, which is perhaps unsurprising given its isolated location. Andromeda II shows compelling evidence of a large excess of stars at small radius and suggests that this galaxy consists of a secondary core component, in analogy with recent results for Sculptor and Sextans. Comparing the M31 dwarf spheroidal population with the Galactic population, we ﬁnd that the scaleradii of the M31 population are larger than those for the Galactic population by at least a factor of 2, for all absolute magnitudes. This difference is either due to environmental factors or due to orbital properties, suggesting that the ensemble average tidal ﬁeld experienced by the M31 dwarf spheroidals is weaker than that experienced by the Galactic dwarf spheroidals. We ﬁnd that the two populations are offset from one another in the central surface brightness – luminosity relation, which is probably related to this difference in their scale sizes. Finally, we ﬁnd that the M31 dwarf spheroidals show the same correlation with distance from host as shown by the Galactic population, such that dwarf spheroidals with a higher central surface brightness are found further from their host. This again suggests that environment plays a signiﬁcant role in dwarf galaxy evolution, and requires detailed modelling to explain the origin of this result.
Mutualistic Bioﬁlm Communities Develop with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Initial, Early, and Late Colonizers of Enamel (cid:1)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is present in dental plaque as early as 4 h after tooth cleaning, but it is also associated with periodontal disease, a late-developing event in the microbial successions that characterize daily plaque development. We report here that P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 is remarkable in its ability to interact with a variety of initial, early, middle, and late colonizers growing solely on saliva. Integration of P. gingivalis into multispecies communities was investigated by using two in vitro bioﬁlm models. In ﬂow cells, bacterial growth was quantiﬁed using ﬂuorescently conjugated antibodies against each species, and static bioﬁlm growth on saliva-submerged polystyrene pegs was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR using species-speciﬁc primers. P. gingivalis could not grow as a single species or together with initial colonizer Streptococcus oralis but showed mutualistic growth when paired with two other initial colonizers, Streptococcus gordonii and Actinomyces oris , as well as with Veillonella sp. (early colonizer), Fusobacterium nucleatum (middle colonizer), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (late colonizer). In three-species ﬂow cells, P. gingivalis grew with Veillonella sp. and A. actinomycetemcomitans but not with S. oralis and A. actinomycetemcomitans
Saudi EFL Instructors’ and Students’ Perspectives Towards Virtual Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic and the sudden transition from face-to-face to virtual learning have given rise to various challenges and obstacles in teaching contexts all over the world. This paper explores the impact of this unexpected transition in the teaching and learning process based on English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ and learners’ experiences at a Saudi university. This research employed a mixed methods approach. Four male and female EFL teachers were involved in addition to thirty-six students from a preparatory year program. The key findings of the study revealed that there were three major challenges encountered in the use of virtual classroom applications during the pandemic, including crucially a lack of technology and Internet connection, having large numbers of students in a virtual learning classroom, and lack of student and teacher interaction when using virtual learning classes. Although Saudi EFL students and teachers viewed the virtual learning classes in a positive light during the pandemic period, they reported that in the post-pandemic period and over the long term, they would prefer traditional face-to-face teaching.
OP-SOCI210195 1..20

Previous research has demonstrated a graded relationship between cumulative childhood adversity and adverse later outcomes. Individuals with out-of-home care (OHC) experience constitute a population characterised by both childhood and educational disadvantages. Based on a fifty-year follow-up of a Stockholm cohort born in 1953, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between cumulative childhood adversity and long-term educational outcomes in this group. The cumulative disadvantage perspective suggests that there would be a negative association, while the disadvantage saturation perspective implies that cumulative adversity would be less consequential for disadvantaged individuals. By means of multigroup path analysis, we furthermore asked whether this association may differ in relation to individuals with child welfare contact (CWC) and to the general population (GP). Adjusting for socioeconomic conditions and cognitive ability, cumulative childhood adversity had a negative influence on midlife educational attainment in the GP. However, it did not seem to influence the educational outcomes of neither OHC experienced individuals nor individuals with other types of CWC. The results of this study thus lend support to the disadvantage saturation perspective. Further studies are needed to explore this
Akhidime, I Devine and Slate, Anthony J and Hulme, Anca and Whitehead, Kathryn A (2020) The Influence of Surface Topography and Wettability on Escherichia coli Removal from Polymeric Materials in the Presence of a Blood Conditioning

The reduction of biofouling and the reduction of cross-contamination in the food industry are important aspects of safety management systems. Polymeric surfaces are used extensively throughout the food production industry and therefore ensuring that effective cleaning regimes are conducted is vital. Throughout this study, the influence of the surface characteristics of three different polymeric surfaces, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on the removal of Escherichia coli using a wipe clean method utilising 3% sodium hypochlorite was determined. The PTFE surfaces were the roughest and demonstrated the least wettable surface (118.8◦), followed by the PMMA (75.2◦) and PET surfaces (53.9◦). Following cleaning with a 3% sodium hypochlorite solution, bacteria were completely removed from the PTFE surfaces, whilst the PMMA and PET surfaces still had high numbers of bacteria recovered (1.2 × 107 CFU/mL and 6.3 × 107 CFU/mL, respectively). When bacterial suspensions were applied to the surfaces in the presence of a blood conditioning film, cleaning with sodium hypochlorite demonstrated that no bacteria were recovered from the PMMA surface. However, on both the PTFE and PET surfaces, bacteria were recovered at lower concentrations (2.0 × 102 CFU/mL and 1.3 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively). ATP bioluminescence results demonstrated significantly different ATP concentrations on the surfaces when soiled (PTFE: 132 relative light units (RLU), PMMA: 80 RLU and PET: 99 RLU). Following cleaning, both in the presence and absence of a blood conditioning film, all the surfaces were considered clean, producing ATP concentrations in the range of 0–2 RLU. The results generated in this study demonstrated that the presence of a blood conditioning film significantly altered the removal of bacteria from the polymeric surfaces following a standard cleaning regime. Conditioning films which represent the environment where the surface is intended to be used should be a vital part of the test regime to ensure an effective disinfection process.
A COMPARISON OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO THE TEACHING OF ANATOMY AT MEDICAL SCHOOL IN MOZAMBIQUE

During the academic year 2010, two randomised groups of second year medical students at the University Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) in Maputo learned gross anatomy of the limbs and the trunk using different teaching approaches. One group dissected the thorax for 5 weeks according to an experimental programme, while the other group worked on the same topic in the traditional way at UEM, which excluded dissection. The groups learned the abdomen by reversing the methods. For learning the limbs, all the students learned the upper limbs by using the traditional approach while the lower limbs were dissected. Study guides were supplied to the experimental group and each of the practical classes started with a ten-minute preparatory tutorial when the structures to be studied were discussed. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that dissection could be a useful complementary teaching approach in addition to lectures and tutorials in Anatomy at UEM.
Incentive and Information Properties of Preference Questions and Extensions 1

: This chapter is both a commentary on and extension of the Carson and Groves (2007) (hereafter CG) article reprinted in this volume. The substantial attention the paper has received has been enormously gratifying. Reception of CG has largely been positive with little if any substantive criticism directed toward it; and, there are many papers now being presented at conferences that are testing or relying on various aspects of it. Our remarks are organized into a series of short sections. The first points out that the main purpose of CG was to extend the revealed preference paradigm to cover some types of survey responses. The second notes that CG provides the theoretical foundation that some critics of contingent valuation (CV) had argued was missing. The third takes the concepts of “hypothetical” and “hypothetical bias” head on and argues that these concepts are, for the most part, ill-defined or simply wrong and have done enormous damage to clear and careful thinking about the nature of the response to stated preference questions. The fourth examines the properties of cheap talk which is often proposed as a way to reduced hypothetical bias. The fifth provides some elaboration on CG and the issue of how to interpret information extracted from preferences questions. The sixth poses an answer to the often asked question: Is a single binary discrete choice (SBC) question always the best elicitation format for a researcher to use? The seventh provides some elaboration on the payment card elicitation format, which in recent years has seen resurgence. The eighth turns to an examination of some of the properties of the now widely used discrete choice experiment. The ninth considers the usefulness of economic experiments to help determine the performance of preference elicitation formats. The last section addresses the relationship between CG and the behavioralist critique of neoclassical
Identiﬁcation of a Variety of Staphylococcus Species by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (cid:1)

Whole-cell ﬁngerprinting by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-ﬂight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in combination with a dedicated bioinformatic software tool (MALDI Biotyper 2.0) was used to identify 152 staphylococcal strains corresponding to 22 staphylococcal species. Spectra of the 152 isolates, previously identiﬁed at the species level using a sodA gene-based oligonucleotide array, were analyzed against the main spectra of 3,030 microorganisms. A total of 151 strains out of 152 (99.3%) were correctly identiﬁed at the species level; only one strain was identiﬁed at the genus level. The MALDI-TOF MS method revealed different clonal lineages of Staphylococcus epidermidis that were of either human or environmental origin, which suggests that the MALDI-TOF MS method could be useful in the proﬁling of staphylococcal strains. The topology of the dendrogram generated by the MALDI Biotyper 2.0 software from the spectra of 120 Staphylococcus reference strains (representing 36 species) was in general agreement with that inferred from the 16S rRNA gene-based analysis. Our ﬁndings indicate that the MALDI-TOF MS technology, associated with a broad-spectrum reference database, is an effective tool for the swift and reliable identiﬁcation of Staphylococci . (cid:2) the centrifuged (cid:3) g for 2 microliter of the supernatant target air at temperature. 2 (cid:2) l saturated of (cid:4) -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid acetonitrile–2.5% triﬂuoroacetic acid and at MS measurements were performed with a Bruker II MALDI-TOF/TOF (tandem TOF) instrument equipped with 200-Hz Smartbeam laser technology. Spectra were the
Tumor - Cytotoxicity by Stabilizing NK Cell Enhance NKG2D-Mediated NK Cell Cutting Edge: Tumor-Targeting Antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies represent a promising approach to ﬁght a variety of tumors, but their mode of action remains to be fully understood. NK cells can recognize Ab-coated degranulation. Conversely, Ab recognition by NK cells uniquely increased contact stability with tumor cells. Furthermore, using intravital imaging of solid tumors, we showed that Ab recognition favored prolonged interactions between NK cells and targets. Altogether, our results demonstrate that NK cell–mediated killing can be differ-entially regulated at the level of degranulation and contact stability by distinct activating receptors. Thus, comple-mentary signals mediated by recognition of stress ligands and tumor-speciﬁc Abs may contribute to the efﬁcacy of NK cells during mAb therapy.
BACE overexpression alters the subcellular processing of APP and inhibits A (cid:1) deposition in vivo

ntroducing mutations within the amyloid precursor protein (APP) that affect (cid:1) - and (cid:2) -secretase cleavages results in amyloid plaque formation in vivo. However, the relationship between (cid:1) -amyloid deposition and the subcellular site of A (cid:1) production is unknown. To determine the effect of increasing (cid:1) -secretase (BACE) activity on A (cid:1) deposition, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing human BACE. Although modest overexpression enhanced amyloid deposition, high BACE overexpression inhibited amyloid formation despite increased (cid:1) -cleavage of APP. However, high BACE expression shifted the subcellular location of APP cleavage to the neuronal perikarya early in the secretory pathway. These results suggest that the production, clearance, and aggregation of A (cid:1) peptides are highly dependent on the speciﬁc neuronal subcellular domain wherein A (cid:1) is generated and highlight the importance of perikaryal versus axonal APP proteolysis in the development of A (cid:1) amyloid pathology in Alzheimer’s disease.