Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Identification of Escherichia coli Pathotypes and their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Stool Samples Isolated from Patients in the West of Iran.

BACKGROUND Gastroenteritis refers to an infection in the stomach and small intestine that may be caused by bacteria, viruses, and other pathogenic agents. Most strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the gastrointestinal system have shared a symbiotic relationship with humans, but some serotypes are pathogenic. This study aimed to identify E. coli pathotypes isolated from stool samples and determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of these pathotypes in the west of Iran. METHODS The study was conducted on 106 samples of diarrheal feces which were sent to Imam Reza laboratory. First E. coli was detected and then the DNA was extracted. Next, the antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by the disk diffusion method. The E. coli pathotypes were qualitatively detected using the Amplisense Escherichioses-FRT PCR kit after DNA extraction from E. coli isolated in the stool sample. RESULTS In this study, out of 106 E. coli-positive samples, pathogenic E. coli were detected in 62 samples including 5 samples (8.1%) which only contained the EPEC pathotype, 10 samples (16.1%) contained only the EAEC pathotype, and 12 samples (19.4%) had only the EHEC pathotype. ETEC and EIEC were not isolated from any of the samples. The sensitivity to Meropenem (97%) and Gentamicin (96.2%) showed the highest frequency among the samples. The highest level of resistance was related to Amoxicillin (93.4%) and Ampicillin (78%). CONCLUSIONS The epidemiological results show that the predominant pathotype among all isolates is EHEC and most antibiotic resistances were related to Amoxicillin and Ampicillin. Finally, a comprehensive molecular diagnosis of E. coli pathotypes, investigation of their incidence, and antibiogram profiles will help to determine better diagnostic and therapeutic measures for managing diarrheal diseases.
Characterization of turbulence in the Mars plasma environment with MAVEN observations

We characterize turbulence in the Mars plasma environment in a global scale for the first time by computing spectral indices for magnetic field fluctuations (slopes in the magnetic field power spectra) and determining how they vary with frequency and in different regions. In the magnetosheath, unlike in the solar wind, we find an absence of the inertial range which has a spectral index value equal to the Kolmogorov scaling value of −5/3. Instead, as observed in the magnetosheaths of other planets, we find that the spectral indices transition from low negative values close to −0.5 at low frequencies (< proton gyrofrequency) to values much lower than −5/3 at high frequencies (> proton gyrofrequency). This indicates that the pristine solar wind is modified at the Martian bow shock and that the fluctuations are dominated by locally generated fluctuations in the magnetosheath. The absence of spectral indices with the Kolmogorov scaling value indicates that the fluctuations in the magnetosheath do not have sufficient time to interact with one another leading to a fully developed energy cascade. Spectral index values near the Kolmogorov scaling value are observed for the low‐frequency range near the magnetic pileup boundary, and this indicates the presence of fully developed energy cascade. In the wake, we find that the spectral indices have approximately the same values, typically near −2, for both the low‐ and high‐frequency ranges. We observe seasonal variations of the spectral indices, mainly in the upstream region, which indicate the seasonal variations of the proton cyclotron waves.
Hydrological responses to climatic variability in a cold agricultural region

Extended severe dry and wet periods are frequently observed in the northern continental climate of the Canadian Prairies. Prairie streamflow is mainly driven by spring snowmelt of the winter snowpack, whilst summer rainfall is an important control on evapotranspiration and thus seasonality affects the hydrological response to drought and wet periods in complex ways. A field‐tested physically based model was used to investigate the influences of climatic variability on hydrological processes in this region. The model was set up to resolve agricultural fields and to include key cold regions processes. It was parameterized from local and regional measurements without calibration and run for the South Tobacco Creek basin in southern Manitoba, Canada. The model was tested against snow depth and streamflow observations at multiple scales and performed well enough to explore the impacts of wet and dry periods on hydrological processes governing the basin scale hydrological response. Four hydro‐climatic patterns with distinctive climatic seasonality and runoff responses were identified from differing combinations of wet/dry winter and summer seasons. Water balance analyses of these patterns identified substantive multiyear subsurface soil moisture storage depletion during drought (2001–2005) and recharge during a subsequent wet period (2009–2011). The fractional percentage of heavy rainfall days was a useful metric to explain the contrasting runoff volumes between dry and wet summers. Finally, a comparison of modeling approaches highlights the importance of antecedent fall soil moisture, ice lens formation during the snowmelt period, and peak snow water equivalent in simulating snowmelt runoff.
Trend analysis of monthly mean values and extreme indices of daily temperature in a region of southern Italy

The analyses of temperature extremes can be very useful because they are highly representative of the climatic tendency of an area. In this study, 19 temperature series registered in southern Italy have been analysed for detecting trends through the Mann–Kendall non‐parametric test. The tendencies have been detected since 1951 for the maximum and minimum monthly temperatures and for several indices of daily extremes. As a result, the minimum and maximum monthly temperatures mainly denote a positive trend for spring and summer months and a marked negative one in September. Moreover, the trend analysis on the extreme temperature indices shows opposite behaviours: a clear positive tendency in the frequency and intensity of the highest values and some negative trends for the lowest ones.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Objectives Atrial fibrillation is common in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. However, the optimal anticoagulation strategy to prevent thromboembolic events in patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) vs. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation. Methods We performed a systematic literature review to identify clinical studies of anticoagulation therapies for patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation. The primary outcomes of major bleeding and thrombotic events were reported using random effects risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Our search yielded 97 potential studies and evaluated 14 full-text articles based on title and abstract. We excluded 10 studies that were review articles or did not compare anticoagulation. We included 4 studies reporting on 1,579 patients. The pooled estimates are likely underpowered due to small sample sizes. There was no difference in bleeding events for patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation treated with DOACs compared to VKAs with a RR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.38–1.10; p=0.10). There were decreased thrombotic events for patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation treated with DOACs compared to VKAs with a RR of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.32–0.79; p=0.003). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that DOACs are as safe and effective as VKAs in patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation. However, more data are needed to investigate clinical differences in anticoagulation therapy in this patient population.
A Four Function Variational Principle for Barotropic Magnetohydrodynamics

Variational principles for magnetohydrodynamics were introduced by previous authors both in Lagrangian and Eulerian form. In a previous work Yahalom&Lynden-Bell introduced a simpler Eulerian variational principles from which all the relevant equations of magnetohydrodynamics can be derived. The variational principle was given in terms of six independent functions for non-stationary flows and three independent functions for stationary flows. This is less then the seven variables which appear in the standard equations of magnetohydrodynamics which are the magnetic field $\vec B$ the velocity field $\vec v$ and the density $\rho$. In this work I will improve on the previous results showing that non-stationary magnetohydrodynamics should be described by four functions .
Distribution of Subgingival Bacteria in Chronic Periodontitis Patients Correlated with IgA Nephropathy.

BACKGROUND Several studies indicated that chronic periodontitis (CP) and its subgingival bacteria correlated with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Previous research has shown that prevalence of IgAN in chronic periodontitis patients is significantly higher than that in non CP patients in Xinjiang especially in ethnic Uyghur. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of plaque bacterial microbes in CP and IgAN patients and to find correlation between CP and IgAN. METHODS All of the subgingival plaque samples including 7 healthy controls (N group), 8 CP patients, 14 IgAN patients, and 14 CP with IgAN patients were obtained from ethnic Uyghur people. To investigate the distribution of plaque microbe in Uyghur CP and IgAN patients, the 16s rRNA sequencing and comparative analysis of subgingival bacteria were performed. RESULTS There were no statistically differences in the community richness estimator (Chao) and the diversity estimator (Shannon index) among four groups. The abundance of Burkholderiales (order), Ottowia (genus) in the plaque microbes were significantly higher in CP with IgAN patients than CP patients. The abundance of Eubacterium (genus) was significantly higher in CP with IgAN patients than IgAN patients. The abundance of Veillonella (genus) was significantly higher while Streptococcus (genus), Tannerella (genus) were significantly lower in CP patients than healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS The composition and abundance of subgingival plaque microbes in Uyghur CP and IgAN patients were significantly different at several levels. Which suggested that abundance of subgingival bacteria is correlated to CP and IgAN.
Factors that inﬂuence acceptance of web-based e-learning systems for the in-service education of junior high school teachers in Taiwan

Web-based e-learning is not restricted by time or place and can provide teachers with a learning environment that is ﬂexible and convenient, enabling them to efﬁciently learn, quickly develop their professional expertise, and advance professionally. Many research reports on web-based e-learning have neglected the role of the teacher’s perspective in the acceptance of using web-based e-learning systems for in-service education. We distributed questionnaires to 402 junior high school teachers in central Taiwan. This study used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as our theoretical foundation and employed the Structure Equation Model (SEM) to examine factors that inﬂuenced intentions to use in-service training conducted through web-based e-learning. The results showed that motivation to use and Internet self-efﬁcacy were signiﬁcantly positively associated with behavioral intentions regarding the use of web-based e-learning for in-service training through the factors of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The factor of computer anxiety had a signiﬁcantly negative effect on behavioral intentions toward web-based e-learning in-service training through the factor of perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness and motivation to use were the primary reasons for the acceptance by junior high school teachers of web-based e-learning
Safety injections of Nuclear Medicine radiotracers: towards a new modality for a real-time detection of extravasation events and 18F-FDG SUV data correction.

18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging allows to study oncological patients and their relative diagnosis through the Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) evaluation. During radiopharmaceutical injection, an extravasation event may occur, making the SUV value less accurate and possibly leading to severe tissue damage. The aim of the study was to propose a new technique to monitor and manage these events, in order to evaluate a correction to the calculated SUV value.
Resource use and proximity technology in extensive systems - getting useful information on livestock at lower costs?

Comprehensive livestock tracking and behavioral characterization in extensive systems is technically challenging and expensive. Some technologies and data strategies based around proximity information may be more affordable. This paper brings together experiences from two major PLF projects involving cattle in extensive U.S. rangelands and sheep in extensive UK mountains and considers proximity technology for two resources, water in dry rangelands, and supplementary feed in pregnancy, respectively. Opportunities to characterize useful livestock variables include presence/absence, diurnal patterns, use of resources and changing use patterns. Results covering supplementary feed, used fixed Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) readers arrayed around feeding points, 48 Blackface and 50 Lleyn ewes on 33ha of grazing that wore small (c14 g) BLE beacons. Beacons on ewes communicated identity and RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) via receiving readers, pushing data in near-real time via LPWAN to an ArCGIS Online database. Differences in proximity at feeding areas were found for breed and age and patterns of activity over 24-hour periods, supporting the view that BLE technology covering only proportions of grazing areas could be useful for management purposes. For water access in arid rangelands, 11 cows in a 480ha paddock wore NoFence virtual fencing collars with GNSS real-time tracking using cellphone communications. Daily patterns of proximity to the only water source derived from GNSS data support the view that useful information could be provided by BLE proximity systems at lower cost than GNSS collars. Proximity approaches alone provides less information than GNSS systems.
Robust animal activity recognition using wearable sensors: A correlation distillation-based information recovery method toward data having low sampling rates

Automated animal activity recognition (AAR) has succeeded dramatically due to recent sensing technologies and deep learning advances, enhancing animal health and welfare. Since animals need to be monitored over a long period, factors influencing the energy consumption of sensing devices must be considered carefully. As a critical factor, the sampling rate greatly affects energy usage, battery life, and data storage. To reduce energy costs, existing works often lower sampling rates. However, when the sampling rate falls below a limited threshold, the recognition performance would degrade rapidly due to missing many relevant signals. Therefore, this study proposed a novel correlation distillation-based information recovery (CDIR) method to improve the performance of AAR at low sampling rates. Specifically, we took two convolutional neural networks trained using data having higher and lower sampling rates as the teacher and student models, respectively. The CDIR enabled the student to mimic correlations within teacher features, facilitating missing information recovery. To evaluate its effectiveness, we conducted experiments on a public dataset acquired from six horses using tri-axial accelerometers and gyroscopes with 100 Hz. Data having low sampling rates were obtained by down-sampling the original data at different frequencies (e.g., 50, and 25 Hz). The experimental results demonstrated that our CDIR remarkably boosted the model trained on low sampling rate data (e.g., percentage-point increments in the precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy of 2.98%, 3.22%, 3.05%, and 1.89%, respectively, for the 12.5-Hz data) while outperforming the existing KD algorithms. This inspired the development of energy-efficient animal monitoring systems.
STUDY OF METOPIC SUTURE

Address for Correspondence: Dr.Vidya H K, Associate Professor, Department Of Anatomy, Shridevi Institution Of Medical Sciences And Research Hospital, Sira Road, Tumkur-572106, Karnataka, India. Ph No.9611810464, E-Mail: vidyassmc@gmail.com Background: Cranial sutures and their evolution is interesting in the field of cranial growing and shaping. It is a dentate suture extending from nasion to bregma. Metopic suture normally closes at 1 – 3 yrs, but is allowed up to 8 yrs. Incidence varies in different races from 1% 12% . Aim: The present study was done to know the incidence of Metopic suture in south Indian skulls. Materials and Methods: 100 skulls from the Anatomy Dept museum at Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences Tumkur were collected for the present study. The skulls with persistent metopic suture were thoroughly observed. Results: Metopic suture was present in 38%. Complete suture was seen in 3% and incomplete in 35%. Among the 3 complete sutures one was linear and continue with sagittal suture measuring 12.3 cm and 2 were H shaped measuring 11.0 cm and 12.1 cm. Incomplete sutures were classified depending on the shape U, V, Y and linear. Linear suture was seen in 26 skulls, U shape in 4 skulls, V shape 4 skulls, Y shape 1 skull. Conclusion: The presence of metopic suture is important from a clinical point of view. It must be included in differential diagnosis of suspected skull fracture particularly frontal bone. It is not a pathological entity but most certainly should be noted as an incidental finding on an X ray. The suture is best identified in A -P view of skull.
truncat-Genome-Wide Association Study of age at puberty and its (co)variances with fertility and stature in growing and lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle.

Reproductive performance is a key determinant of cow longevity in a pasture-based, seasonal dairy system. Unfortunately, direct fertility phenotypes such as inter-calving interval or pregnancy rate tend to have low heritabilities and occur relatively late in an animal’s life. In contrast, age at puberty (AGEP) is a moderately heritable, early-in-life trait, that may be estimated using an animal’s age at first measured elevation in blood plasma progesterone (AGEP4) concentrations. Understanding the genetic architecture of AGEP4 in addition to genetic relationships between AGEP4 and fertility traits in lactating cows is important, as is its relationship with body size in the growing animal. Thus, the objectives of this research were 3-fold. First, to estimate the genetic and phenotypic (co)variances between AGEP4 and subsequent fertility during first and second lactations. Second, to quantify the associations between AGEP4 and height, length, and body weight (BW) measured when animals were around 11 mo old (SD = 0.5). Third, to identify genomic regions that are likely to be associated with variation in AGEP4. We measured AGEP4, height, length, and BW in around 5,000 Holstein-Friesian or Holstein-Friesian x Jersey crossbred yearling heifers, across 54 pasture-based herds managed in seasonal calving farm systems. We also obtained calving rate (CR42: success or failure to calve within the first 42 d of the seasonal calving period), breeding rate (PB21: success or failure to be presented for breeding within the first 21 d of the seasonal breeding period) and pregnancy rate (PR42: success or failure to become pregnant within the first 42 d of the seasonal breeding period) phenotypes from their first and second lactations. The animals were genotyped us-ing the Weatherby’s Versa 50K SNP array (Illumina, USA). The estimated heritabilities of AGEP4, height, length, and BW were 0.34 (0.30, 0.37), 0.28 (0.25, 0.31), 0.21 (0.18, 0.23), and 0.33 (0.30, 0.36), respectively. In contrast, the heritabilities of CR42, PB21 and PR42 were all < 0.05 in both first and second lactations. The genetic correlations between AGEP4 and these fertility traits were generally moderate ranging from 0.11 to 0.60, whereas genetic correlations between AGEP4 and yearling body conformation traits ranged from 0.02 to 0.28. Our genome wide association study (GWAS) highlighted a genomic window on chromosome 5 that was strongly associated with variation in AGEP4. We also identified 4 regions, located on chromosomes 14, 6, 1 and 11 (in order of decreasing importance), that exhibited suggestive associations with AGEP4. Our results show that AGEP4 is a reasonable predictor of estimated breeding values (EBVs) for fertility traits in lactating cows. While the GWAS provided insights into genetic mechanisms underpinning AGEP4, further work is required to test genomic predictions of fertility that use this information.
A Mixed Model Approach for Estimating the Optimal Food Fortification of Vitamin D: Experiment Based on Mashhad Cohort Study in Iran

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent problem in worldwide healthcare related to several system disorders. Food fortification as a solution is associated with several challenges including insufficient coverage of the entire population, required degree of fortification, the vehicles used for fortification and potential toxicity. This study aimed to determine the optimal amount of vitamin D for fortification without surpassing the upper intake level (UL) of intake at the 95th percentile of the Iranian population and compare two methods of food fortification. Methods: This study is aimed to develop a model of two different fortifying approaches related to an available dataset called MASHAD cohort study. The dataset comprised demographic and nutritional data of 9704 Iranian individuals living in the Greater Mashhad region. The first approach was a computational method necessary to implement a range of eight foods and calculate the optimal approach. In the second case, we used the European formula method called ILSI. Results: To find the appropriate value for fortification, we calculated the consumption of 400 IU and 1000 IU supplements of vitamin D. Three micrograms per 100 g in each food was the optimal output. We also used Flynn and Rasmussen’s formula on our data. Using these methods, we found that 2.1 micrograms per 100 kcal provides the best result. Hence, using the two different approaches, the results appear to be consistent and promising. Conclusion: One interesting finding was that supplement consumption did not greatly affect the impact of fortification. This observation may support the hypothesis to determine the amount of fortification, and we can ignore the study population’s supplement consumption.