Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verifying North Korea’s Plutonium Production with Nuclear Archaeology

Abstract North Korea produced weapon-grade plutonium in its graphite-moderated 5-MWe reactor. Estimating the total production of fissile materials provides an important baseline for denuclearization efforts. Nuclear archaeology can improve such production estimates by measuring isotope ratios in the graphite moderator of the reactor. The accumulation of certain trace isotopes in the graphite enables to accurately estimate life-time reactor fluence which can then be related to plutonium production. This article uses the open-source reactor physics software ONIX to simulate the operation of the 5-MWe reactor. It discusses consolidated estimates of plutonium production from 1986 to 2020 based on publicly available operation history data. An updated mathematical framework to relate isotope ratio uncertainties to fluence uncertainties and its implementation in a special ONIX module for nuclear archaeology are also presented. The module is used to identify which isotope ratios should be measured in the 5-MWe reactor to minimize uncertainties on plutonium estimation.
AN EVALUATION OF THE STRONG GROUND MOTION RECORDED DURING THE MAY 1, 2003 BINGÖL TURKEY, EARTHQUAKE

An important record of ground motion from a M6.4 earthquake occurring on May 1, 2003, at epicentral and fault distances of about 12 and 9 km, respectively, was obtained at a station near the city of Bingöl, Turkey. The maximum peak ground values of 0.55 g and 36 cm/s are among the largest ground-motion amplitudes recorded in Turkey. From simulations and comparisons with ground motions from other earthquakes of comparable magnitude, we conclude that the ground motion over a range of frequencies is unusually high. Site response may be responsible for the elevated ground motion, as suggested from analysis of numerous aftershock recordings from the same station. The mainshock motions have some interesting seismological features, including ramps between the P-and S-wave that are probably due to near- and intermediate-field elastic motions and strong polarisation oriented at about 39 degrees to the fault (and therefore not in the fault-normal direction). Simulations of motions from an extended rupture explain these features. The N10E component shows a high-amplitude spectral acceleration at a period of 0.15 seconds resulting in a site specific design spectrum that significantly overestimates the actual strength and displacement demands of the record. The pulse signal in the N10E component affects the inelastic spectral displacement and increases the inelastic displacement demand with respect to elastic demand for very long periods.
Analysis of very fast transient overvoltage in transformer winding

Owing to the operation of disconnector switches, very fast transient overvoltages can generate a voltage oscillation inside power transformers connected to them. A practical method to analyse such oscillations is developed based on multiconductor transmission-line theory. The analysis is conducted in two steps in the frequency domain: first the whole transformer winding is simulated using a single transmission-line model; and secondly, the phenomena in the first coil are analysed using a multiconductor transmission-line model. The numerical results for an actual 525 kV power transformer conform with experiments. The interturn voltage shows a resonance determined by the travelling waves in the coil. The propagation of travelling waves is visualised using time domain analysis.
A Comprehensive Data Imbalance Analysis for Covid-19 Classification Dataset

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) highlighted our daily lives recently and caused panic over the world. In parallel, artificial intelligence contributes to presenting solutions to cease the spread of the virus by offering robust deep learning models for disease detection in chest X-ray images, despite the limited data available and the quality of its distribution as we face the problem of imbalanced data often in this kind of classification. To manage this issue, many techniques were presented recently that aim to make the distribution of the dataset homogeneous, increase the accuracy of the CNN models and obtain a correct classification. This work suggests a study of different techniques of handling the imbalanced data for the chest X-ray image classification when using distinct pre-trained CNN models. The results were unrelated depending on the approach used and the trained model.
Evaluation of the bearing capacity of footings on slopes

In the last few decades, a great amount of interest has developed in the evaluation of the influence of bearing capacity of shallow foundations on slopes. When a footing is placed near a slope the bearing capacity may be reduced. In fact, the failure mechanism is influenced by the distance of the foundation from the edge of the sloping ground. In order to investigate the effect of the bearing capacity of shallow foundations on slopes, model footing tests were performed. This paper presents the results of the investigation, to establish both qualitative and quantitative relationships between the ultimate load of the soil–foundation system and the location of the footing with respect to the slope. Values of ultimate loads deduced from experimental tests are compared with values derived by a numerical analysis based on the limit equilibrium method. Modified bearing capacity factors which take into account the effect of the sloping ground are proposed.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GROWING MEDIA ON THE ROOTING OF FICUS BINNENDIJKII 'AMSTEL QUEEN' CUTTINGS

Ficus binnendijkii ‘Amstel Queen’ is a very attractive plant and a new addition to the landscape industry of the area. To optimize the propagation technology for this important plant, a study was conducted to see the effect of rooting media on the root initiation and development in two different types of cuttings (hardwood and softwood). Five different rooting media were used including silt, sawdust, rice husk, leaf mold and control (soil + silt + FYM at 1:1:1 ratio). It was surprising that the hardwood cuttings did not produce roots in any media. The data recorded on the softwood cuttings revealed that the quickest sprouting (16.7 days) occurred in cuttings that were planted in sawdust. The cuttings grown in leaf mold produced maximum leaves (7.0), which were the longest (20cm leaf length) with maximum leaf area (84.7cm 2 ) and maximum roots (15). However, the leaf mold produced minimum root length (12.7cm) and weight (1.7g) and took comparatively longer time (22 days) to sprout. Plants grown in silt produced longest (23.7cm) roots and maximum root weight (5.3g) but they also resulted in minimum leaf number (3.3) and shortest leaves (13cm).
The Synthesis of Symmetrical Waveguide Circulators

A method for synthesizing symmetrical waveguide circulators by adjusting the eigenvalues of the scattering matrix is described. This procedure is particularly useful for the design of very compact circulators in the form of waveguide junctions containing ferrite obstacles. Permissible structural symmetries for a circulator are listed, and a standard form for the scattering matrix of a symmetrical circulator is defined. The synthesis procedure is then described in detail, stating the conditions to be imposed on the scattering matrix eigenvalues, and an expression is obtained for the changes in the eigenvalues due to the placing of anisotropic material within the junction. By applying the theory to Allen's 4-port turnstile circulator, it is shown that the use of a matched turnstile junction and a reflectionless Faraday rotator is not essential. The theory is also applied to the design of novel 3- and 4-port circulators, and two 6-port circulators, one of which may be used as a 5-position waveguide switch, are described. Some experimental results are presented for a compact 3-port circulator in the form of an H-plane Y junction, in 1 inch by 1/2 inch waveguide, containing a ferrite post obstacle. This circulator, which operates with a bias field of approximately 25 oersted, has a useful bandwidth of 3 per cent. Greater bandwidths would be expected in a Stripline or a fin-line version of this device.
Inelastic torsion of multistorey buildings under earthquake excitations

The inelastic earthquake response of eccentric, multistorey, frame‐type, reinforced concrete buildings is investigated using three‐ and five‐storey models, subjected to a set of 10, two‐component, semi‐artificial motions, generated to match the design spectrum. Buildings designed according to the EC8 as well as the UBC‐97 code were included in the investigation. It is found that contrary to what the simplified one‐storey, typical, shear‐beam models predict, the so‐called ‘flexible’ side frames exhibit higher ductility demands than the ‘stiff’ side frames. The substantial differences in such demands between the two sides suggest a need for reassessment of the pertinent code provisions. This investigation constitutes one of the first attempts to study the problem of inelastic torsion by means of realistic, multistorey inelastic building models. Additional studies with similar or even more refined idealizations will certainly be required to arrive at definite results and recommendations for possible code revisions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental investigation of aerofoil tonal noise at low Mach number

Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation of aerofoil tones emitted by a controlled-diffusion aerofoil at low Mach number ($0.05$), moderate Reynolds number based on the chord length ($1.4 \times 10^{5}$) and moderate incidence ($5^{\circ }$ angle of attack). Wall-pressure measurements have been performed along the suction side of the aerofoil to reveal the acoustic source mechanisms. In particular, a feedback loop is found to extend from the aerofoil trailing edge to the regions near the leading edge where the flow encounters a mean favourable pressure gradient, and consists of acoustic disturbances travelling upstream. Simultaneous wall-pressure, velocity and far-field acoustic measurements have been performed to identify the boundary-layer instability responsible for tonal noise generation. Causality correlation between far-field acoustic pressure and wall-normal velocity fluctuations has been performed, which reveals the presence of a Kelvin–Helmholtz-type modal shape within the velocity disturbance field. Tomographic particle image velocimetry measurements have been performed to understand the three-dimensional aspects of this flow instability. These measurements confirm the presence of large two-dimensional rollers that undergo three-dimensional breakdown just upstream of the trailing edge. Finally, modal decomposition of the flow has been carried out using proper orthogonal decomposition, which demonstrates that the normal modes are responsible for aerofoil tonal noise. The higher normal modes are found to undergo regular modulations in the spanwise direction. Based on the observed modal shape, an explanation of aerofoil tonal noise amplitude reduction is given, which has been previously reported in modular or serrated trailing-edge aerofoils.
Modeling of the fragmentation by Discrete Element Method

Abstract. The aim of this presentation is to validate the Discrete Element Method (DEM) approachto treat dynamic fragmentation problems. The method, which meshes a domain with discreteparticles that can possibly debond and contact, is ideally suited to model structures under severedamage. The validation test consists of a simple one dimensional ceramic beam model, which issubjected to intense tensile loading, up to fragmentation. The paper studies the fracture energydissipated (or number of fragments) during fragmentation as function of number of particles. Theobtained results are systematically compared to results obtained through a continuum approach.We show that the fracture energy dissipated in the DEM converges to a well-deﬁned value whichis function of the imposed strain rate and material properties, in close accordance to continuumapproaches. 1. INTRODUCTIONSince their ﬁrst use byHoover et al.[1] in models for crystalline materials, and Cundall andStrack[2] for geotechnical problems, Discrete Element Methods have found a large ﬁeld of applicationsin granular materials, soil and rock mechanics. These methods model materials using a set ofparticles that interact with one another by forces and moments deﬁned by micro beams. Thecapacity to break links between particles and the easy handling of contact make it a naturalmethod for the study of dynamic fragmentation.First, we present the Discrete Element Method, with the expression of forces, the numericalscheme and the cohesive law used.Then, we expose in this work a preliminary model, in which a one-dimensional 50 mm ceramicbeam is exposed to an intense tensile loading, up to fragmentation. The beam is modeled withdiscrete particles and our results are systematically compared to continuum modeling (FiniteElement, Zhou, Molinari and Ramesh [4, 5]) results in order to validate our DEM approach.In order to validate the numerical model, we choose to study the dependence of the dissipatedfracture energy during fragmentation as function of mesh density. We also compare ourobtained average fragment size to energy models (Grady [7], Glenn and Chudnovsky [8]). Weshow that the fracture energy dissipated in the DEM model converges to a well-deﬁned valuewhich is function of the imposed strain rate. This value is proportional to the number offragments.2. PRESENTATION OF THE DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD2.1 Expression of forces and moments between particlesWhen two particles I and J are in contact, it is necessary to deﬁne the law of interaction betweenthem in terms of forces and moments. We have two types of forces and one type of moment todeﬁne for a general two-dimensional case:DYMAT 2009 (2009) 1523–1528 EDP Sciences, 2009DOI: 10.1051/dymat/2009215
Metabolism of carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides by rat primary hepatocytes generate the same characteristic DHP-DNA adducts

Abstract We recently established a genotoxic mechanism mediated by a set of (±)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-DNA adducts, which lead to pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-induced liver tumor initiation. This mechanism is involved in the metabolism of a series of carcinogenic PAs and PA N-oxides in rats in vivo and in vitro. There is a correlation between the order of liver tumor potency and the level of DHP-DNA adduct formation. Thus, these DHP-DNA adducts can be potential biomarkers of PA and PA N-oxide exposure and liver tumor initiation. To establish the generality of this mechanism, in the present study, we examined the metabolism of 13 potential carcinogenic PAs, 1 non-carcinogenic PA, and 5 PA N-oxides by male rat primary hepatocytes. With the exception of the nontoxic PA and vehicle control, all treated groups produced identical set of DHP-DNA adducts. These results support a general genotoxic mechanism mediated by the formation of characteristic DHP-DNA adducts leading to PA-induced liver tumor initiation.
Computation of Sliding Friction and Ratcheting Strain of Sintered and Hardened Steels Under Contact Fatigue Conditions

Fatigue properties of powder metallurgy parts are affected mainly by the porosity fraction. Even though it has inferior mechanical and physical properties over the conventional materials, the application of powder metallurgy products in automotive fields is seen in recent trends. The rolling-sliding contact fatigue behavior of sintered and hardened steels has been investigated by performing experiments that represent practical sliding friction coefficient component prevailing in the medium- and heavy-duty bearings and gears. Introduction of sliding friction coefficient changes the typical failure pattern and wear rate of sintered and hardened steels. The sliding friction has been computed from available models and compared with the experimental data. The ratcheting strain has also been predicted for sintered and hardened steels for various contact pressures and sliding friction coefficients. The maximum value of this strain is responsible for surface crack initiation. The wear particle analysis is carried out for the sintered and hardened steels under rolling-sliding contact fatigue conditions. The ferrogram slides for pore free steel under the rolling-sliding contact fatigue conditions are also prepared to study the effect of porosity in wear mechanism. The characteristics of wear morphology and the size, shape, and concentration of worn particles for sintered and hardened steels are also analyzed for various rolling-sliding contact fatigue conditions.
S0025315421000771jra 827..837

The feeding habits and reproductive biology of red-toothed triggerfish Odonus niger (Ruppell, 1836) was analysed from 449 specimens collected from the Karnataka coast of the south-eastern Arabian Sea. Of the total stomachs examined, only 54 (12%) were empty and 395 contained food remains. The diet comprised crustacean remains (48.0%), zooplankton (21.4%), algae (16.5%), fish remains (6.1%) and cephalopod remains (5.3%) along with partially digested matter (2.3%) and detritus (0.4%). The species was found to be a generalist feeder and an omnivore. The overall sex ratio between males and females (1: 0.44) was significantly (P < 0.05) different. Histological examination of the ovaries indicated asynchronous ovarian development in females, with males maturing earlier than females. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) patterns of males and females, and the presence of ripe ovaries and spermatozoids suggested that April–May is the peak spawning period. The absolute and relative fecundity estimates ranged from 16,464–312,420 eggs and 251–2812 eggs g respectively. Fecundity was positively correlated with total length and body weight. The biological information on diet composition and reproductive traits provided for the first time in this study can facilitate conservation, management and sustainable exploitation of this species in the study area.
LONG DISTANCE TRUCK DRIVERS A PILOT SURVEY ON -ROAD PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC REWARD

This report outlines the findings of a pilot survey conducted by the Transport Research Centre (TRC) at Macquarie University and National Survey Research Pty Ltd (NSR), of long distance truck drivers in Sydney in September 1989. The pilot survey was funded as a seeding grant from the Federal Office of Road Safety and is the forerunner to a wider study of long distance truck drivers throughout Australia in 1990. The objective of the study is to explore the links between the economic conditions in the long distance road freight industry, the pressures placed on the on-road behaviour of drivers and the implications for the safety of the road environment. As emphasised throughout this report, the conclusions that we have drawn from the analysis of the data collected in our pilot survey must be considered in the light of the limited sample size of that survey and thus can only be considered as preliminary and subject to change in the main survey. However, the pilot survey has been successful in clarifying a number of important issues in the trucking industry which are worthy of further investigation. It has confirmed our initial hypothesis that the underlying economic conditions in the industry are a significant contributor to the on-road behaviour of drivers. These conditions, which manifest themselves in declining freight rates, tightening schedules and increasing competition confront drivers daily as they try to forge a living on the road. If the problem of safety on our roads is to be addressed, and solved satisfactorily, it is important to look beyond the symptoms of speeding, infringement of driving time regulations, and driver fatigue and consider the underlying causes which result in this behaviour. The data collected in the main survey will allow us to analyse the relationship between these symptoms and possible causes which we believe will add to the understanding of the structure and the operation of the trucking industry in Australia and form the basis for recommendations for changes which will contribute to improving safety on our roads.
An empirical test of inventory, service and cost benefits from a postponement strategy

Postponement of the point of product differentiation is a potentially powerful strategy to improve supply chain management. The literature offers theoretical arguments supporting the relationship between postponement and improved inventory turns and customer service quality, as well as lower operational costs. This study empirically examines these proposed benefits. Data from a disk drive manufacturer that applied postponement to simplify its supply chain are used to test the benefits of this strategy. During the time of the case study, the company implemented an initiative to create a generic product that needed less customization; what configuration remained could be delayed until the product was integrated at the customers’ sites, instead of at the company's distribution centres. Regression analysis is used to investigate whether higher levels of postponement are associated with better service, lower inventory, and lower cost. Our results indicate that higher levels of postponement—measured as the percentage of generic products shipped—are associated with better on-time delivery and lower variable costs. Our results also indicated the importance of redesigning products and processes and working together with customers.
Noise in AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs from 10 Hz to 18 GHz

Noise properties of AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs (PHEMTs) have been investigated simultaneously in the low and intermediate frequency range (10 Hz to 150 MHz) and in the microwave range (4 to 18 GHz) and compared to the noise of more classical devices such as MESFETs and GaAlAs/GaAs HEMTs. Unlike the other commercially available devices, PHEMTs exhibit the unique capability of providing simultaneously state-of-the-art microwave noise performance and a reasonable low-frequency excess noise. >
Multipath component estimation for indoor radio channels

This paper reports a method for the statistical analysis of time-series measurements on indoor radio channels to derive higher-resolution information. Estimation of the number of multipath components in a time series of impulse response estimates is accomplished using the singular-value perturbation theory. This involves determining a noise threshold, then selecting eigenvalues from the channel data matrix derived from the measurements. Once the number of multipath components is determined, their corresponding amplitudes, phases and delays are estimated by reducing the problem to the classical estimation of complex sinusoids in the presence of additive noise. Results are shown for the analysis of measured data recorded using a 200 MHz bandwidth measurement system to measure indoor 40 GHz time series data.
Cats-Based Agents That Err

This report describes preliminary research on intelligent agents that make errors. Such agents are crucial to the development of novel agent-based techniques for assessing system safety. The agents extend an agent architecture derived from the Crew Activity Tracking System that has been used as the basis for air traffic controller agents. The report first reviews several error taxonomies. Next, it presents an overview of the air traffic controller agents, then details several mechanisms for causing the agents to err in realistic ways. The report presents a performance assessment of the error-generating agents, and identifies directions for further research. The research was supported by the System-Wide Accident Prevention element of the FAA/NASA Aviation Safety Program.