Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the moderate toxicity of agricultural pesticides cyantraniliprole, boscalid and spiromesifen in vitro using neurotoxicity screening test

Objectives: Although industrial products used as agricultural pesticides are considered safe, they are likely to lead to chronic problems due to their long-term effects. The neurotoxicity screening test (NST) is a method based on the inhibition of neurite extension of neurons that do not not die with toxic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the moderate neurotoxic effects and reveal the potential dangers of agricultural pesticides in vitro using NST. Methods: Cyantraniliprole, boscalid and spiromesifen were used as agricultural pesticides on the mouse neuroblastoma cell line N2a. Neurite extension of neurons was performed by taking them into the proliferation medium followed by the differentiation medium. Cell viability and proliferation were analyzed using the MTT test. The percentage of neurite inhibition was calculated by measuring neurite outgrowth by NST. Oxidative stress was analyzed by NOS staining with h-score and apoptosis was shown using the apoptotic index in TUNEL staining. Results: Cyantraniliprole, boscalid and spiromesifen at high concentrations caused neurite inhibition, decreased proliferation and reduced the viability of cultured neurons. These agricultural pesticides were found to be significantly moderate toxic for neurons by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Conclusion: We conclude neurite inhibition may be important in early recognition for detecting and preventing the neurotoxic effect of pesticides, and NST is an important in vitro test that can predict the long-term effects of neurotoxic agents. In the present study, we observed cyantraniliprole, boscalid and spiromesifen had moderate neurotoxic effects in varying degrees using NST. This means that pesticides may behave toxic even in permissible limits for chronic exposure.
Characterization and use of proteinase from pyloric caeca of bigeye snapper (Priacanthus macracanthus) for production of gelatin hydrolysate with antioxidative activity

Pyloric caeca extract (PCE) with proteolytic activity from bigeye snapper (Priacanthus macracanthus) pyloric caeca was prepared by fractionation using ammonium sulfate precipitation (40-60% saturation). Purification fold of 3.9 and yield of 43.8% were obtained. The highest proteolytic activity of PCE was observed at 55 C and pH 8.0 when casein, Nα-Benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) and Nα-p-Tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (TAME) were used as the substrates. The activity of PCE was highly inhibited by 1 mg/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), whereas 0.1 mM E-64, 0.1 mM pepstatin A and 2 mM EDTA exhibited the negligible effect toward the activity. Two proteolytic activity bands with apparent molecular weights (MW) of 55 and 24 kDa were found when analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) and substrate-gel electrophoresis. Activity band with MW of 24 kDa was much larger than that of protein with MW of 55 kDa. The result suggested that trypsin or trypsin-like proteinase was most likely the major proteinase in PCE. Antioxidative activity of gelatin hydrolysates from bigeye snapper skin with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) prepared using Alcalase, Neutrase and PCE, was determined. Gelatin hydrolysate exhibited the increases in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidative power (FRAP) as DH increased (p 0.05). Therefore, gelatin hydrolysate produced with commercial proteinase and proteinase from bigeye snapper pyloric caeca could be used as a source of antioxidative peptide in juice without detrimental effect on overall quality.
Interpretation of the Effects of Job Satisfaction Mediation on the Effect of Principal Supervision and Compensation on Teacher Performance

This research aims to determine the role of job satisfaction as a mediator of the relationship between principal supervision and compensation for teacher performance. The research design used a quantitative approach to causality. To obtain research data using documentation instruments and distributing questionnaires online. The sample used in the study was 215 respondents. The basis for determining the sample is oriented towards a non-probability sampling approach using a purposive sampling formula. To test the mediating effect of satisfaction and the relationship between principal supervision and compensation on teacher performance, a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach is used using partial least squares. Under the research results, It was found that the fact that principal supervision had a significant effect on job satisfaction and teacher performance. Then compensation also has a significant effect on job satisfaction and teacher performance. The findings of the mediation effect state that job satisfaction successfully mediates the relationship between principal supervision and compensation for teacher performance
Towards Managing Organizational Change: An Empirical Study

This study examines the relationship between trust buildings, motivating employees, and employee commitment toward organizational change. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to gather data. The study provides a basic understanding of organizational change. Through systemic, theoretical, and conceptual understanding, the arguments of the study are built on the importance of communication in the organization and how in bringing organizational change. The current study proposed that trust-building, employee motivation, and employee commitment will be related to organizational change. A total of 292 copies of completed questionnaires were returned, representing 90.7% of the total questionnaire distribution to both managers and owners of manufacturing firms. Out of which, only 275 questionnaires were usable for the analysis after removing incomplete data and outliers. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze as a popularly accepted model to justify the theory with the observation data. The study results revealed that trust-building, employee motivation and employee commitment have significant effects on organizational change. The current study also claims the importance of collaboration within employees of any organization at the level of transition. The current study will help professionals and academics and enhancing their leadership abilities, it will benefit and inspire trust members to show better outcomes. However, it is recommended that further research is needed in this direction to confirm the result of this study. Finally, this study concludes that trust-building, employee commitment and employee motivation play a significant role in organizational change.
A decade of influence in the Singapore youth mental health landscape: the Community Health Assessment Team (CHAT).

1Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore Correspondence: Dr Charmaine Tang, Consultant and Chief, Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, EPIP, Level 2, Annex Building, Singapore 539747. charmaine_yz_tang@imh.com. sg INTRODUCTION Adolescence and young adulthood are thought to be particularly tumultuous times in neuropsychological and physical development. Demographic studies show that this phase of life is associated with the emergence of mental disorders. (1) The second Singapore Mental Health Study, conducted in 2016, revealed a significant association between younger age and mental disorders. In particular, young adults aged 18–34 years had the highest lifetime prevalence as well as 12-month prevalence for any mental disorder. (2) In 2017, it was reported that mental illness was the largest contributor to years lost to disease among young people aged 10–34 years in Singapore, and the second largest overall contributor across all age groups. (3) While many psychiatric institutions offer services for children and adults, those in the young adult population may not find a catered service that is tailored to their specific needs. Increasing attempts are being made worldwide to identify the barriers to accessing mental health services that youths face, and to introduce dedicated mental health services for youths and young adults. (4) There has also been an impetus to have a dedicated youth mental health service in Singapore. With support and funding from the Ministry of Health (MOH), the Community Health Assessment Team (CHAT) was started in 2009. CHAT’s assessment centre is located in a youth-friendly and easily accessible location in the heart of Singapore’s retail district. Through its programmes targeting young persons aged 16–30 years, CHAT aims to increase Awareness of mental health issues, Access to mental health resources, and to provide confidential and personalised mental health Assessments, as captured in its AAA model. Currently in its tenth year of operation, CHAT has established itself as a leader in the youth mental health landscape in Singapore. This paper describes the progress and maturation of CHAT’s strategic framework over the last decade, highlighting some of the key programmes that have been developed to provide a more comprehensive service to Singaporean youths, and presents clinical and sociodemographic data reflecting the ten-year trends in referrals and assessments.
DL-PRS: a novel deep learning approach to polygenic risk scores

Background COPD is a complex heterogeneous disease influenced by both environmental and genetic risk factors. Traditional genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in identifying many reproducible risk variants of moderate to small effect. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were developed as way to aggregate risk alleles weighted by their effect size to produce a score which could be used in clinical practice to identify individuals at high risk of disease. A limitation of both GWAS and PRS is that they make the important assumption that the effect of each allele is independent and not modified by other genetic or environmental factors. Machine learning methods such as deep learning (DL) neural networks complement the GWAS and PRS paradigm by making fewer assumptions about the nature of the genetic effects being modeled. For example, the hidden layers of a DL model have the potential to model gene-gene interactions with non-additive effects on disease risk. The goal of the present study was to develop a DL neural network approach to GWAS and PRS and to compare it to the prevailing paradigm based on modeling independent effects. We applied our DL-PRS method to genetic association data from several GWAS studies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results We developed a DL learning algorithm for modeling the relationship between genetic variation from GWAS and risk of COPD in several population-based studies. We then developed a DL-PRS based on nodes and associated weights from the first and second layer of the DL neural network. Our DL-PRS framework has overall satisfactory performance in the prediction of COPD and provides significant contribution to prediction in addition to the current PRS methods. Moreover, regarding the clinical relevance of COPD, our DL-PRS has a consistent and closer relationship regarding individual deciles and lung functions such as FEV1/FVC and predicted FEV1%. Conclusions Not only does DL-PRS show favorable predictive performance with current benchmark PRS methods, but it also extends the ranges of PRS deciles in predicting different stages of COPD. Moreover, our DL-PRS results were replicated in an independent cohort. This study opens the door to the use of machine learning for developing risk scores from models developed using fewer assumptions about the nature of the genetic effects.
PROCRASTINATION AND WORKING STYLES IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: DOES GENDER MODERATE THIS RELATIONSHIP?

In this study were examined procrastination and working styles among 142 male and female high school students in Serbia. Specifically, the aim was to investigate the relationship between the tendency to procrastinate and working styles when gender was introduced as a moderator variable. Irrational Procrastination Questionnaire was used to assess procrastination, whereas working styles were measured by the Working styles Questionnaire. Conducted two-factorial MANOVA revealed that the relationship between procrastination behavior and a composite of work hard, hurry up, be strong, be perfect, and please others working styles was moderated by gender (i.e. procrastination x gender interaction was statistically significant). In addition, univariate analysis (two-way ANOVA) revealed that only the relationship between procrastination and working style hurry up was moderated by gender. Simple effects analysis indicated that this working style was almost equally expressed between male students with a low and high propensity to procrastinate their obligations, while female students with a highly expressed tendency to procrastination showed evidently stronger preference to work under the time pressure and to delay work until it becomes urgent in comparison to female students who tend to procrastinate less.
Integrated task on students’ writing quality: Is it more effective?

Integrated tasks are popularly known and accepted as an effective way of improving students’ writing quality. However, it is still not clear to what really accounts for its effectiveness. This study examined whether the students who were facilitated by integrated task achieved higher writing quality than those who were not. Twenty - two students participated within the group experiment utilizing a counterbalance technique in controlling the order effect. In the first session, twelve students were asked to write an essay based on an integrated (INT) task while the other 12 wrote based on an independent (IND) task. Then, the task division was switched in the second writing session. Students’ writing quality were scored by three raters and were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Wilcoxon signed rank test (WSRT). The results confirmed that the quality of students’ writing using both integrated and independent tasks was not significantly different. There are still other aspects contributing to writing quality. Thus, task types do not guarantee the students’ writing quality.
Are Repo Markets Fragile? Evidence from September 2019

We show that the segmented structure of the U.S. Treasury repo market, in which some participants have limited access across the segments, leads to rate dispersion, even in this essentially riskless market. Using confidential data on repo trading, we demonstrate how the rate dispersion between the centrally cleared and over-the-counter (OTC) segments of the Treasury repo market was exacerbated during the stress episode of September 2019. Our results highlight that, while segmentation can increase fragility in the repo market, the presence of strong trading relationships in the OTC segment helps mitigate it by reducing rate dispersion.
Factors of Purchase Intention Toward Social Commerce Among Young Generation in Malaysia

Social commerce is growing rapidly as a result of popularity of internet network. Many businesses are selling their products on social networking platforms and using the influence of social networking platforms to promote their products to all corners of the world. Besides, the development of logistics and supply chain is growth rapidly around the world. Hence, there is a business opportunity in social commerce. Next, the main objective on this research is to determine the factors that will influence purchase intention through social commerce by young generation in Malaysia and to examine do the variables have significant and positive relationship towards social commerce in Malaysia. The researcher had conducted convenience sampling and collected 160 respondents in Malaysia. Self-administered questionnaire comprises of two major sections was distributed to the respondents in 7and 5-point Likert scale. Besides, the researcher used quantitative research method and deductive research approach to conduct the whole research. For result analysis, the researcher used different techniques to analyse the findings such as descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, normality analysis, regression analysis and validity analysis. After that, the researcher found that factors such as trust, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use, electronic word of mouth and subjective norm will influence youth consumers’ purchase intention significantly toward social commerce in Malaysia. Lastly, this research could help Malaysia government to predict the development on this sector, help online retailers to prevent the issues and maintain the online environment in a good position and match the preference of consumers, and help social commerce industry to have a better understanding on the consumers’ purchase intention.
Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Fake News: How Social Media Conditions Individuals to Be Less Critical of Political Misinformation

ABSTRACT Social media platforms have been found to be the primary gateway through which individuals are exposed to fake news. The algorithmic filter bubbles and echo chambers that have popularized these platforms may also increase exposure to fake news. Because of this, scholars have suggested disrupting the stream of congruent information that filter bubbles and echo chambers produce, as this may reduce the impact and circulation of misinformation. To test this, a survey experiment was conducted via Amazon MTurk. Participants read 10 short stories that were either all fake or half real and half fake. These treatment conditions were made up of stories agreeable to the perspective of Democrats, Republicans, or a mix of both. The results show that participants assigned to conditions that were agreeable to their political world view found fake stories more believable compared to participants who received a heterogeneous mix of news stories complementary to both world views. However, this “break up” effect appears confined to Democratic participants; findings indicate that Republicans assigned to filter bubble treatment conditions believed fake news stories at approximately the same rate as their fellow partisans receiving a heterogeneous mix of news items. This suggests that a potential “break up” may only influence more progressive users.
Starting Small: A Descriptive Case Study of Principal Competencies That Support the PreK-K-3 Continuum

Research and theory suggests that children and families are best served by a preschool to third grade approach (PreK−3) to early childhood education that is aligned, integrated, and based on developmentally appropriate practice. Because of the recent expansion of publicly funded preschool programs, principals are becoming increasingly responsible for overseeing these programs, and, as instructional leaders, play a critical role in establishing working conditions and creating organizational capacity to support teachers’ professional growth. Unfortunately, however, early childhood education is rarely addressed in principal preparation programs and principals are often unfamiliar with the science of child development. Using a qualitative case study design, the current study describes how one school principal began to lead a PreK−3 community at her school by examining data collected across a two-year period as the principal led a professional learning community with preschool, transitional kindergarten, and kindergarten teachers. The PreK−3 Learning Communities Competencies for Effective Principals developed by the National Association of Elementary School Principals were used to identify the thoughts, behaviors, and actions of one principal as she engaged in this work. Results from this study further discourse in the field as to what this approach looks like in practice and call attention to the need for structural changes in preschool and elementary settings.
Why Atmospheric Backscatter Is Important in the Formation of Electron Precipitation in the Diffuse Aurora

In addition to wave particle scattering in the magnetosphere, atmospheric backscatter of magnetospheric electrons is an important process that contributes to the formation of the precipitated electrons in the region of diffuse aurora. Two magnetically conjugate regions are involved in a complex magnetosphere‐ionosphere (MI) particle and energy interplay. Based on synthesizing previous theoretical/modeling studies and experimental evidence, we demonstrate the need for improving the quantification of magnetospheric electrons backscatter processes that can affect inner magnetospheric electrodynamics, transport and loss in a way that is not easily predicted. We discuss how these complex and energy‐dependent MI coupled processes can be treated in magnetospheric modeling.
Metaphors of mental illness: a corpus-based approach analysing first-person accounts of patients and mental health professionals

In this paper we describe the building, manual annotation and analysis of a balanced corpus to assess conceptual metaphors on mental illness as used in Spanish blogger writing by patients and mental health professionals. The corpus was structured as eight subgroups: four patient subgroups (composed of persons who declared having been diagnosed with major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder) and four mental health professional subgroups (psychiatrists, psychologists, social educators, nurses). The quantitative analysis identified similarities and differences between groups regarding the volume of metaphors produced and the topics linguistically expressed through metaphors. The most frequent metaphors used by each major group, patients and professionals, were qualitatively analysed, with the principal findings showing a set of source domains used to conceptualize all four severe mental disorders, thus pointing to a common conceptualization of mental suffering irrespective of the specific diagnosis, and two major types of metaphors, WAR and JOURNEY, used by all subgroups of patients and professionals to talk about their first-hand experiences.
Colombian climatology in CMIP5/CMIP6 models: Persistent biases and improvements

Northern South America is among the regions with the highest vulnerability to climate change. General Circulation Models (GCMs) are among the different tools considered to analyze the impacts of climate change. In particular, GCMs have been proved to provide useful information, although they exhibit systematic biases and fail in reproducing regional climate, particularly in terrains with complex topography. This work evaluates the performance of GCMs included in the fifth and sixth phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), representing the annual cycle of precipitation and air surface temperature in Colombia. To evaluate this, we consider different observational and reanalysis datasets, including in situ gauges from the Colombian Meteorological Institute. Our results indicate that although the most recent generation of GCMs (CMIP6) show improvements with respect to the previous generation (CMIP5), they still have systematic biases in representing the Intertropical Convergence Zone and elevation-dependent processes, which highly determine intra-annual precipitation and air surface temperature in Colombia. In addition, CMIP6 models have larger biases in temperature over the Andes than CMIP5. We also analyze climate projections by the end of the 21st century according to the CMIP5/CMIP6 simulations under the highest greenhouse gases emission scenarios. Models show projections toward warmer air surface temperatures and mixed changes of precipitation, with decreases of precipitation over the Orinoco and Colombian Amazon in September-November and increases over the eastern equatorial Pacific during the entire year.