Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes over time in the spatial distribution of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the Gulf of Alaska, 1984-1996

Triennial bottom trawl sur­ vey data from 1984 to 1996 were used to evaluate changes in the summer distri­ bution of walleye pollock in the western and central Gulf of Alaska. Differences between several age groups of pollock were evaluated. Distribution was exam­ ined in relation to several physical char­ acteristics, including bottom depth and distance from land. Interspecies associa­ tions were also analyzed with the BrayCurtis clustering technique to better understand community structure. Our results indicated that although the pop­ ulation numbers decreased, high con­ centrations of pollock remained in the same areas during 1984–96. However, there was an increase in the number of stations where low-density pollock con­ centrations of all ages were observed, which resulted in a decrease in mean population density of pollock within the GOA region.Patterns emerging from our data suggested an alternative to MacCall’s “basin hypothesis” which states that as population numbers decrease, there should be a contraction of the pop­ ulation range to optimal habitats. During 1984–96 there was a concur­ rent precipitous decline in Steller sea lions in the Gulf of Alaska. The results of our study suggest that decreases in the mean density of adult pollock, the main food in the Steller sea lion diet, combined with slight changes in the distribution of pollock (age-1 pollock in particular) in the mid-1980s, may have contributed to decreased foraging effic­ iency in Steller sea lions. Our results support the prevailing conceptual model for pollock ontogeny, although there is evidence that substantial spawning may also occur outside of Shelikof Strait. Manuscript accepted 21 September 2001. Fish. Bull. 100:307–323 (2002). Changes over time in the spatial distribution of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the Gulf of Alaska, 1984–1996
Among B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, MALT lymphomas express a unique antibody repertoire with frequent rheumatoid factor reactivity

We analyzed the structure of antigen receptors of a comprehensive panel of mature B non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHLs) by comparing, at the amino acid level, their immunoglobulin (Ig)VH-CDR3s with CDR3 sequences present in GenBank. Follicular lymphomas, diffuse large B cell lymphomas, Burkitt's lymphomas, and myelomas expressed a CDR3 repertoire comparable to that of normal B cells. Mantle cell lymphomas and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLLs) expressed clearly restricted albeit different CDR3 repertoires. Lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) were unique as 8 out of 45 (18%) of gastric- and 13 out of 32 (41%) of salivary gland-MALT lymphomas expressed B cell antigen receptors with strong CDR3 homology to rheumatoid factors (RFs). Of note, the RF-CDR3 homology without exception included N-region–encoded residues in the hypermutated IgV H genes, indicating that they were stringently selected for reactivity with auto-IgG. By in vitro binding studies with 10 MALT lymphoma–derived antibodies, we showed that seven of these cases, of which four with RF-CDR3 homology, indeed possessed strong RF reactivity. Of one MALT lymphoma, functional proof for selection of subclones with high RF affinity was obtained. Interestingly, RF-CDR3 homology and t(11;18) appeared to be mutually exclusive features and RF-CDR3 homology was not encountered in any of the 19 pulmonary MALT lymphomas studied.
Upper Jurassic tholeiitic basalts from DSDP leg 11

Basalts recovered from sites 100 and 105 of leg 11 of the Deep-Sea Drilling Project are mineralogically and chemically similar to basalts recovered from ridge and near-ridge sites. Textural evidence suggests that the units sampled were extruded as thin flows and are presumably the products of midocean ridge volcanism shortly after the opening of the North Atlantic in the middle to late Jurassic. Chemical evolution of the liquids sampled at site 105 has occurred as a consequence of the low-pressure fractionation of olivine and plagioclase. Site 100 basalts have experienced clinopyroxene fractionation, presumably at pressures in excess of about 10 kbar. Models for the abundances of incompatible trace elements in the source regions of these basalts suggest 2–3 times chondritic heavy rare earths at both sites, 0.5–1 times chondritic Zr, Hf, Nb, Y, and La at site 105, and 1–2 times chondritic Zr, Hf, and Nb at site 100. Two site 100 samples have variable La/Yb ratios which reflect inhomogeneities in the upper mantle. There is no indication that the source regions for North Atlantic midocean ridge basalts has evolved since the late Mesozoic.
Development and Status of Image Matching in Photogrammetry

Image and template matching is probably the most important function in digital photogrammetry and also in automated modelling and mapping. Many approaches for matching have evolved over the years, but the problem is still unsolved in general terms. This paper describes the development of image matching techniques in photogrammetry over the past 50 years, addresses the results of some empirical accuracy studies and also provides a critical account of some of the problems that remain. Although automated approaches have quite a number of advantages, the quality of the results is still not satisfactory and, in some cases, far from acceptable. Even with the most advanced techniques, it is not yet possible to achieve the quality of results that a human operator can produce. There is an urgent need for further improvements and innovations, be it through more powerful multi‐sensor approaches, thereby enlarging the information spectrum, and/or through advancements in image understanding algorithms, thus coming closer to human capabilities of reading and understanding image content.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy of a hydroecological indicator: new tool for determining sustainable yield for Floridan aquifer system

Pond‐cypress (Taxodium ascendens Brong.) is a dominant canopy species in depressional wetlands of the south‐eastern Coastal Plain. Unsustainable withdrawals from the karst Floridan aquifer system have caused premature decline and death of pond‐cypress trees, presumably owing to altered hydroperiods (which alter the flow of water and nutrients in trees). There has been no scientifically based means to determine sustainable yield from this regional aquifer system or to detect early stages of physical/ecological damage associated with groundwater mining and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR, which also can alter natural hydroperiods). In this study, the relationship between visual symptoms (indicators) of stress or premature decline, and spectral reflectance was evaluated using dried, milled branch tips collected from natural stands of mature pond‐cypress. Depressional systems evaluated represented four of the six aquifer system subregions where subsurface perturbations from groundwater mining: (i) were presumed not to be occurring (reference wetlands); (ii) may be occurring but are not documented; and (iii) have been confirmed. Sampled trees were assigned to one of three stress classes (1, no/minimal; 2, moderate; 3, severe) based on the visual indicators. Partial least squares–linear discriminant analysis of second derivative spectral transformations in the visible/shortwave near‐infrared (NIR) region (400–1100 nm) and the NIR region (1100–2500 nm) was used to evaluate the samples in assigned classes.
Smoking behaviours of Hong Kong Chinese hospitalised patients and predictors of smoking abstinence after discharge: a cross-sectional study

Objectives Patients admitted to hospitals represent an excellent teachable moment for smoking cessation, as they are required to abstain from tobacco use during hospitalisation. Nevertheless, smoking behaviours of hospitalised patients, and factors that lead to smoking abstinence thereafter, remain relatively underexplored, particularly in a Hong Kong Chinese context. This study aimed to examine the smoking behaviours of hospitalised patients and explore factors leading to their abstaining from cigarette use after being hospitalised. Design A cross-sectional design was employed. Setting This study was conducted in three outpatient clinics in different regions in Hong Kong. Participants A total of 382 recruited Chinese patients. Primary and secondary outcome measures The patients were asked to complete a structured questionnaire that assessed their smoking behaviours before, during and after hospitalisation. Results The results indicated 23.6% of smokers smoked secretly during their hospital stay, and about 76.1% of smokers resumed smoking after discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that number of days of hospitalisation admission in the preceding year (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.27; p=0.036), patients’ perceived correlation between smoking and their illness (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.17; p=0.032), withdrawal symptoms experienced during hospitalisation (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.97; p=0.027) and smoking cessation support from healthcare professionals (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.36; p=0.014) were significant predictors of smoking abstinence after discharge. Conclusions The results of this study will aid development of appropriate and innovative smoking cessation interventions that can help patients achieve more successful smoking abstinence and less relapse. Trial registration number NCT02866760.
Case study on effects of water management and rice straw incorporation in rice fields on production, oxidation, and emission of methane during fallow and following rice seasons

To investigate production, oxidation, and emission of methane (CH4) in rice fields during the fallow and following rice seasons as affected by water management and rice straw incorporation in the fallow season, field and incubation experiments were carried out from November 2007 to November 2008. Four treatments, i.e. two water managements (flooded and drained) and two rates of rice straw application (0 and 4.8 t/ha), were laid out in a randomised block design. Results show that obvious CH4 production occurred in flooded fields in the late fallow season; consequently, fallow CH4 emission contributed 9.6–33.1% to the annual total emission. However, emission mainly occurred during the rice season. During the rice season, the mean CH4 production potential in flooded fields was 2.6–3.8 times that in drained fields, making the total CH4 emission 2.1–2.5 times that in drained fields. Rice straw incorporated in flooded fields significantly increased production and emission of CH4 during both the fallow and the following rice seasons (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean CH4 oxidation potential between the treatments (P > 0.05), indicating that water management and rice straw incorporation in the fallow season have little influence on CH4 oxidation during the fallow and following rice seasons. Based on the findings, water management and rice straw incorporation in the fallow season significantly affected CH4 emission during the fallow and the following rice seasons by influencing CH4 production rather than CH4 oxidation in fields.
İNGİLTERE’DE LİSANS DÜZEYİNDE COĞRAFİ ARAZİ ÇALIŞMALARI

OZET Arazi gezisi arastirmalari uzun bir tarihe sahiptir. Arazi calismalari Ingiltere’de lisans egitimi mufredatlarinin onemli bir kismidir. Cografi arazi calismasi, lisans egitimin doneminde cografyada temel kisimlardandir. Cografi arazi calismasi universitelerde onemli bir egitim ve ogretim metodudur. Arazi calismasi, yeni veri toplamayi ve degerlendirme yapmayi kapsayan bir surectir. Arazi calismalari ile ogrenciler sinif ortamindan uzakta ilk elden cografi konular uzerine deneyimler kazanir. Cografi arazi calismasi Ingiltere’de cografya bolumu lisans programlarinin onemli bir kismi ve bileseni durumundadir. Ingiltere’de lisans egitimi mufredatlarinda cografi arazi calismalari yarim gunluk, tam gunluk veya yatili kalarak gerceklestirilen arazi derslerinden olusmaktadir. Arazi gezileri gerek Ingiltere’nin kendi sinirlari icinden secilen yerlere gerekse deniz asiri ulkelerden secilen alanlara duzenlenmektedir. Ingiltere’de universitelerde lisans duzeyinde cografya derslerinde cografi arazi calismalari yayginca gerceklestirilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Cografya, Lisans, Arazi Egitimi, Ingiltere ABSTRACT Field trip research has a long history. Fieldwork is an important part of undergraduate education curriculum in England. Geography fieldwork is regarded as an essential part of undergraduate education in Geography. Geography fieldwork is a very important learning and teaching method in universities. Fieldwork involves the collection of data and assessment that is new. Fieldwork provides an opportunity for students to gain first-hand experience of geographical issues away from classroom, geography fieldwork is an integral and important part of the degree programmes within Departments of Geography in England. Fieldwork is an important part of our undergraduate curriculum. Geography fieldwork consists of half or full day site visits, or residential field courses at undergraduate education curriculum in England. Field trips are made to places within the borders of England and selected fields are from overseas. Geographical fieldwork at the undergraduate level at universities in England are widely carried out in geography lessons. Keywords: Geography, Undergraduate, Field Training, England
A parametric study of SO2 scale height as a probe of the sulfur cycle at the Venusian cloud top

At Venus's cloud top (∼70 km) the SO2 scale height HSO2 is one of the important observational quantities to give us scientific information about not only the vertical distribution of SO2 but also the chemical and transport processes of SO2. HSO2 is controlled by the SO2 photodissociation rate and by the concentrations of ClO and SO2 through the SO2 oxidation in the sulfur cycle including the SOx-ClOx catalysis. The sensitivity of HSO2 in the SOx-ClOx process is classified into three regimes: inefficient-oxidation, low-ClO, and high-ClO regimes. On the other hand, the sensitivity of HSO2 to the SO2 oxidation and the vertical flow is also classified into three regimes: regime O, where HSO2 is controlled by the SO2 oxidation, regime D, where HSO2 is controlled by the downward flow, and regime U, where HSO2 is insensitive to both the SO2 oxidation and the vertical flow. As a result of exploring the sensitivity of HSO2 in the chemical and transport processes, either strong downward flow or some other SO2 oxidation process in addition to the SOx-ClOx catalysis is required in order to reproduce the small HSO2 observed at high latitudes.
Deployment and Performance Analyses of High-Resolution Iowa XPOL Radar System during the NASA IFloodS Campaign

AbstractThis article presents the data collected and analyzed using the University of Iowa’s X-band polarimetric (XPOL) radars that were part of the spring 2013 hydrology-oriented Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) field campaign, sponsored by NASA’s Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation (GV) program. The four mobile radars have full scanning capabilities that provide quantitative estimation of the rainfall at high temporal and spatial resolutions over experimental watersheds. IFloodS was the first extensive test of the XPOL radars, and the XPOL radars demonstrated their field worthiness during this campaign with 46 days of nearly uninterrupted, remotely monitored, and controlled operations. This paper presents detailed postcampaign analyses of the high-resolution, research-quality data that the XPOL radars collected. The XPOL dual-polarimetric products and rainfall are compared with data from other instruments for selected diverse meteorological events at high spatiotemporal resolutions from.
Comparative Study of Stereoscopic Techniques Applied to a Virtual Globe

Abstract For years, stereoscopy has been related to photogrammetry in topography. However, these methods are not efficient for virtual globes because the effect is only visible from one view point and this restricts interactivity. By using synthetic image techniques in order to generate stereo-paired images, we can produce visible effects from any view point. In this paper, we present a comparative study of stereoscopic techniques in virtual globes supported by a test carried out among 51 participants. Three devices were used: anaglyphs, an autostereoscopic screen and a quadbuffer system. The aim was to determine which one of the three devices causes a deeper feeling of immersion and which one can be more efficient in a virtual globe. Results show considerable differences between the quadbuffer system and the other devices. The mentioned system causes in the user a stronger feeling of depth and immersion in the virtual globe.
Sediment Transport over Ripples in Oscillatory Flow

In this paper, we present results of a large-eddy simulation of flow and suspended sediment transport around prototypical ripples based on “long-wave ripples” as measured at Duck, N.C. , in waves of height 1 m and period of 10 s . Solving the volume-filtered Navier–Stokes equations for the momentum and an advection–diffusion equation with a setting term for the suspended sediment, we obtain time-dependent, three-dimensional descriptions of the velocity, pressure, and sediment concentration fields. Although the main flow and sediment transport patterns are governed by a quasi-two-dimensional vortex formation–ejection mechanism, we illustrate the three-dimensional structure of both, and make qualitative comparisons with the results of other researchers. We conclude with analysis of concentration time series measured at a point and interpret them within the larger framework of the flow. The present simulations demonstrate that the flow over these larger-scale ripples resembles that over vortex ripples quite s.
Public attitudes towards dialects: Evidence from 31 Chinese provinces

Background Dialect Attitude is conceptualized as an individual’s cognitive and affective evaluation of a dialect and its speakers. In the contemporary China, dialect is suffering from significant stigmatization, resulting in social inequalities, which hinder sustainable development. This study aims to reveal the Chinese public attitudes towards dialects, and clarify the potential determinants related to heterogeneous attitudes at a macro level. Methods We combine the crawler technology and sentiment analysis to conduct a provincial cross-sectional study. We collect 1,650,480 microblogs about public attitudes towards dialects from Microblog across 31 specific Chinese provinces. Spatial regression models are utilized to clarify the influence of macro-level determinants on differences in public attitudes. Results The present study reveals that: (1) The Chinese public generally holds positive attitudes towards dialects, with significant variation between provinces. (2) Political Resource (β = 0.076, SD = 0.036, P<0.05), Economic Development (β = 0.047, SD = 0.022, P<0.05), and Cultural Resource (β = 0.054, SD = 0.021, P<0.05) promote public positive attitudes towards dialects. (3) Political Resource and Culture Resource influence more significant in the relatively advantaged regions, and Economic Development poses a higher influence in the relatively disadvantaged regions. Conclusions Basing on the combination of crawler technology and sentiment analysis, the present study develops the most comprehensive database which takes 1,650,480 dialects-related microblogs from 31 Chinese provinces, and describes the following scenario: (1) Overall, the Chinese public shares a relatively positive attitude towards dialects with significant variations among different provinces, (2) Political Resource, Economic Development and Culture Resource pose positive effects on Chinese public attitudes towards dialects and (3) Political Resource and Culture Resource influence more significant in the relatively disadvantaged regions, and Economic Development poses a higher influence in the relatively advantaged regions.
Shear-wave velocity structure of the Chilean subduction zone (39–40°S) based on Rayleigh wave dispersion: evidence of fluid release and melts in the mantle beneath the Villarrica volcano

Abstract A seismic network operated from December 2008 to November 2009 in south-central Chile covering the Chile subduction zone from c. 39°S to 40°S. This segment of the subduction zone includes the highly active Villarrica volcano and the maximum slip area of the 1960 Mw 9.5 earthquake. We applied surface wave dispersion analysis to data from a linear array of broadband stations and to records of four areal sub-arrays. Fifty regional and teleseismic events were used to produce dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves. From the dispersion curves, we determined depth functions of the shear-wave velocity for 4 subregions of the subduction zone: the Coastal Range, the Central Valley, the Volcanic Arc and the Back-arc Region in Argentina. The resulting models reveal the structure of the crust and the depth of the Moho discontinuity. Below the volcanic arc, the shear-wave velocities of the continental mantle are reduced by c. 7% with respect to a background value of 4.3 km s−1. This low-velocity zone coincides with a zone of reduced electrical resistivity that was previously determined from magnetotelluric measurements. The combined occurrences of minima in the S-wave velocity and resistivity can be interpreted as an indicator of partial melts.
A Cell Cycle and Nutritional Checkpoint Controlling Bacterial Surface Adhesion

In natural environments, bacteria often adhere to surfaces where they form complex multicellular communities. Surface adherence is determined by the biochemical composition of the cell envelope. We describe a novel regulatory mechanism by which the bacterium, Caulobacter crescentus, integrates cell cycle and nutritional signals to control development of an adhesive envelope structure known as the holdfast. Specifically, we have discovered a 68-residue protein inhibitor of holdfast development (HfiA) that directly targets a conserved glycolipid glycosyltransferase required for holdfast production (HfsJ). Multiple cell cycle regulators associate with the hfiA and hfsJ promoters and control their expression, temporally constraining holdfast development to the late stages of G1. HfiA further functions as part of a ‘nutritional override’ system that decouples holdfast development from the cell cycle in response to nutritional cues. This control mechanism can limit surface adhesion in nutritionally sub-optimal environments without affecting cell cycle progression. We conclude that post-translational regulation of cell envelope enzymes by small proteins like HfiA may provide a general means to modulate the surface properties of bacterial cells.
Transferts de fonds, éducation et travail des enfants au Maroc. Une analyse par score de propension

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of remittances on child labor and demand of education using survey data on the Souss-Massa-Draa region (South of Morocco). Based on an instrumental variables probit model, we find a positive and significant effect of remittances on the investments in education. Furthermore, the number of children living in migrant households who accumulate employment and schooling is clearly less raised compared with the children of the households of group of control (non migrant households). Moreover, our results show the positive effect of remittances on the schooling of the poor children. It also seems that the partial participation of poor children or teenagers in work declines more significantly through migrant remittances.