Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post‐Spawning Survival and Downstream Passage of Landlocked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in a Regulated River: Is There Potential for Repeat Spawning?

Repeat salmonid spawners may make large contributions to total recruitment and long term population stability. Despite their potential importance, relatively little is known about this phase of the life history for anadromous populations, and nothing has been reported for landlocked populations. Here, we studied post‐spawning behaviour and survival of landlocked Atlantic salmon in relation to downstream dam passage in the River Klarälven, Sweden. Eight hydropower stations separate the feeding grounds in Lake Vänern from the spawning grounds in the River Klarälven, and no measures to facilitate downstream migration are present in the river. Forty‐nine percent of the salmon survived spawning and initiated downstream migration. Females and small fish had higher post‐spawning survival than males and large fish. The post‐spawners migrated downstream in autumn and spring and remained relatively inactive in the river during winter. Downstream migration speed in the free flowing part of the river was highly variable with a median of 9.30 km/day. Most fish passed the first hydropower station via upward‐opening spill gates after a median residence time in the forebay of 25 min. However, no tagged fish survived passage of all eight hydropower stations to reach Lake Vänern. This result underscores the need for remedial measures to increase the survival of downstream migrating kelts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unifying and Strengthening Hardness for Dynamic Problems via the Online Matrix-Vector Multiplication Conjecture

Consider the following Online Boolean Matrix-Vector Multiplication problem: We are given an n x n matrix M and will receive n column-vectors of size n, denoted by v1, . , vn, one by one. After seeing each vector vi, we have to output the product Mvi before we can see the next vector. A naive algorithm can solve this problem using O(n3) time in total, and its running time can be slightly improved to O(n3/log2 n) [Williams SODA'07]. We show that a conjecture that there is no truly subcubic (O(n3-ε)) time algorithm for this problem can be used to exhibit the underlying polynomial time hardness shared by many dynamic problems. For a number of problems, such as subgraph connectivity, Pagh's problem, d-failure connectivity, decremental single-source shortest paths, and decremental transitive closure, this conjecture implies tight hardness results. Thus, proving or disproving this conjecture will be very interesting as it will either imply several tight unconditional lower bounds or break through a common barrier that blocks progress with these problems. This conjecture might also be considered as strong evidence against any further improvement for these problems since refuting it will imply a major breakthrough for combinatorial Boolean matrix multiplication and other long-standing problems if the term "combinatorial algorithms" is interpreted as "Strassen-like algorithms" [Ballard et al. SPAA'11]. The conjecture also leads to hardness results for problems that were previously based on diverse problems and conjectures -- such as 3SUM, combinatorial Boolean matrix multiplication, triangle detection, and multiphase -- thus providing a uniform way to prove polynomial hardness results for dynamic algorithms; some of the new proofs are also simpler or even become trivial. The conjecture also leads to stronger and new, non-trivial, hardness results, e.g., for the fully-dynamic densest subgraph and diameter problems.
Gas Lift Optimization Using Smart Gas Lift Valve

1 Abstract — Gas lift is one of the most common forms of artificial lift, particularly for offshore wells because of its relative down hole simplicity, flexibility, reliability, and ability to operate over a large range of rates and occupy very little space at the well head. Presently, petroleum industry is investing in exploration and development fields in offshore locations where oil and gas wells are being drilled thousands of feet below the ocean in high pressure and temperature conditions. Therefore, gas-lifted oil wells are capable of failure through gas lift valves which are considered as the heart of the gas lift system for controlling the amount of the gas inside the tubing string. The gas injection rate through gas lift valve must be controlled to be sufficient to obtain and maintain critical flow, also, gas lift valves must be designed not only to allow gas passage through it and prevent oil passage, but also for gas injection into wells to be started and stopped when needed. In this paper, smart gas lift valve has been used to investigate the effect of the valve port size, depth of injection and vertical lift performance on well productivity; all these aspects have been investigated using PROSPER simulator program coupled with experimental data. The results show that by using smart gas lift valve, the gas injection rate can be controlled which leads to improved flow performance.
Presynaptic Recordings from Drosophila: Correlatin of Macroscopic and Single-channel K ؉ Currents

We have performed direct electrophysiological recordings from Drosophila peptidergic synaptic boutons in situ, taking advantage of a mutation, ecdysone, which causes an increase in size of these terminals. Using patch-clamp techniques, we have analyzed voltage-dependent potassium currents at the macro-scopic and single-channel level. The synaptic membrane contained at least two distinct voltage-activated potassium currents with different kinetics and voltage sensitivity: an I Alike current with fast activation and inactivation kinetics and voltage-dependent steady-state inactivation; a complex delayed current that includes a slowly inactivating component, resembling the I K described in other preparations; and a non-inactivating component. The I Alike current in these peptidergic boutons is not encoded by the gene Shaker, because it is not affected by null mutations at this locus. Rather, synaptic I A has properties similar to those of the Shal-encoded I A. Single-channel recordings revealed the presence in synaptic membranes of three different potassium channel types (A 2 , K D , K L), with biophysical properties that could account for the macro-scopic currents and resemble those of the Shal, Shab, and Shaw channels described in heterologous expression systems and Drosophila neuronal somata. A 2 channels (6 –9 pS) have brief open times, and like the macroscopic I A they exhibited voltage-dependent steady-state inactivation and a rapidly in-activating ensemble average current profile. K D channels (13–16 pS) had longer open times, activate and inactivate with much slower kinetics, and may account for the slowly inacti-vating component of the macroscopic current. K L (44 –54 pS) channels produced a noninactivating ensemble average and may contribute to the delayed macroscopic current observed. The physiology of the nervous system has its cornerstone in the biology of synaptic terminals. Substantial progress has been made in the molecular characterization of synapses in vertebrates as An understanding of the function of this structure, however, requires direct electrophysiological recordings for the in vivo characterization of the ion channels that modulate its activity. At present, because of the small size of synaptic terminals in all species, this has been possible in only a very few examples (Llinás et al. imperative to expand the repertoire of synapses studied, because there is mounting evidence regarding the diversity of components and physiological properties among different synapses (Ullrich et al., 1995; Gardner and Kindler, 1996). Drosophila has proven to be a fruitful experimental system because of the possibility of using multidisciplinary approaches directed toward a common goal. The …
Approximation of the vibration modes of a plate by Reissner-Mindlin equations

This paper deals with the approximation of the vibration modes of a plate modelled by the Reissner-Mindlin equations. It is well known that, in order to avoid locking, some kind of reduced integration or mixed interpolation has to be used when solving these equations by finite element methods. In particular, one of the most widely used procedures is the mixed interpolation tensorial components, based on the family of elements called MITC. We use the lowest order method of this family. Applying a general approximation theory for spectral problems, we obtain optimal order error estimates for the eigenvectors and the eigenvalues. Under mild assumptions, these estimates are valid with constants independent of the plate thickness. The optimal double order for the eigenvalues is derived from a corresponding L 2 -estimate for a load problem which is proven here. This optimal order L 2 -estimate is of interest in itself. Finally, we present several numerical examples showing the very good behavior of the numerical procedure even in some cases not covered by our theory.
Deception and Reception: The Behavior of Information Providers and Users

We investigate the behavior of information providers (underwriters) and users (investors) in a controlled laboratory experiment where underwriters have incentives to deceive and investors have incentives to avoid deception. Participants play simultaneously as underwriters and investors in one-shot information transmission games. The results of our experiment show a significant proportion of both deceptive and non-deceptive underwriters. Despite the presence of deceptive underwriters, investors are receptive to underwriters’ reports, gleaning information content, albeit overly optimistic. Within our sample, deception by underwriters and reception by investors are the most profitable strategies. Moreover, participants who send deceptive reports to investors, but at the same time are receptive to reports of underwriters, earn the highest payoffs. These results call into question the characterization of duped investors being irrational.
Observaciones preliminares del suprabentos en un transecto batimétrico de la plataforma continental aquitana (suroeste de Francia)

Según la definición de BRUNEL, BESNER, MESSIER, POIRIER, GRANGER & WEINSTEIN (1978), el suprabentos es la parte de la fauna bentónica constituida por pequeños animales que, relacionados con el fondo de una manera u otra, poseen buenas capacidades natatorias y pueden ocupar, durante períodos y distancias variables, la capa de agua inmediatamente adyacente al sedimento. El estudio de esta macrofauna especial, esencialmente compuesta de crustáceos tales como misidáceos, anfípodos, cumáceos, eufasiáceos, decápodos nadadores, presenta un gran interés por su papel preponderante en el régimen alimentario de numerosos peces demersales del sector sur del golfo de Gascuña (SORBE, 1972, 1977, 1980). A pesar de su importancia demostrada en las cadenas alimentarias demersales, el suprabentos fue generalmente despreciado en los estudios de las potencialidades nutritivas de los fondos de pesca, debido a problemas metodológicos: inadecuación de las dragas para la captura de los crustáceos nadadores. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS
A Van Atta reflector consisting of half-wave dipoles

The reradiation pattern of a passive Van Atta reflector consisting of half-wave dipoles is investigated. The character of the reradiation pattern first is deduced by qualitative and physical considerations. Various types of array elements are considered and several geometrical configurations of these elements are outlined. Following this, an analysis is made of the reradiation pattern of a linear Van Atta array consisting of four equispaced half-wave dipoles. The general form of the reradiation pattern is studied analytically. The influence of scattering and coupling is determined and the dependence of the reradiation pattern on the length of the transmission lines interconnecting the dipoles is investigated. The optimum length of the transmission lines is determined. The results, found by the analysis of the reradiation pattern, are verified experimentally. The experimental reflector consists of slot-fed dipoles with open-ended terminations. Line stretchers are inserted into the transmission lines.
A Test of a Blended Method for Teaching Medical Coding | 1

Background: Evaluation and Management (E/M) codes are used by all healthcare providers to bill third-party payers for their services. The purpose of this study is to determine whether providing education about E/M coding to third-year optometry students in a blended teaching format leads to improved coding accuracy. Methods: Optometry student participants (N = 53) had the traditional classroom and clinical education in E/M coding throughout the first 2 years of the curriculum. Students were randomly divided into two groups. One group (the Experimental Group) received education regarding E/M coding in an online format as well as two interactive practice cases. The other group did not. All students were then asked to determine the E/M code on 5 standardized cases. Approximately 8 weeks later, a second set of 4 standardized cases was given to all participants to determine whether knowledge acquired was long-lasting. Results: By generalized linear mixed models, it was found that students in the Experimental Group were much more likely to indicate the correct E/M code than the students in the Control Group, with an odds ratio of 9.55 (95% confidence level 2.05-72.52; P = 0.01). After 7-9 weeks, the treatment effect was still significant, but it was reduced, and the odds ratio was 3.23 (95% confidence interval 1.05-10.68, P = 0.01). Conclusions: A blended format of teaching E/M coding is at least initially effective in improving coding ability. However, without further intervention, the effect decreases over time. Because of this, additional reinforcement of coding is needed, likely in both the didactic curriculum and the clinic.
Controls on the development and evolution of structural styles in the Inner Moray Firth Basin

Although it has generally been believed that structural styles in the Inner Moray Firth (IMF) have been largely controlled by strike-slip movements on the Great Glen Fault (GGF), integrated seismic and field studies suggest otherwise. Instead, most structural styles appear to have developed and evolved as a result of dip-slip extension and thermal subsidence consequent upon two phases of rifting during the Permo-Triassic and Late Jurassic and subsequent regional uplift and local inversion during the Tertiary. The integration of demonstrable thickening of Kimmeridgian–Portlandian intervals across the GGF with sedimentological information from onshore outcrops and cored wells suggests that the basin had a half-graben geometry during the Late Jurassic with a depocentre adjacent to the Helmsdale Fault, analogous to half-graben geometries which characterized other Late Jurassic sequences in Greenland and the South Viking Graben. Progressive marine onlap suggests that more gentle regional (thermal) subsidence took place in an underfilled basin, during subsequent Early Cretaceous deposition. However, the seismic data and subcrop information show that the geometries resulting from such classic rift- and thermally-driven phases of extension were modified by Cenozoic regional uplift and inversion in response to intraplate compression resulting from NE Atlantic (Thulean) and Alpine events. These events also appear to have effected minor strike-slip motion on the GGF, with the development of spectacular ‘flower structure’ and ‘helicoidal’ geometries, and caused limited oblique-slip reactivation of some extensional structures. The most notable modification of structural styles occurs in areas adjacent to the major basin-bounding faults. Particularly complex structural inversion geometries occur in the northwest corner of the basin adjacent to the Wick Fault while anomalously-trending folds developed in response to space problems in the Sutherland Terrace, between the Helmsdale Fault and the GGF, as a result of opposing senses of slip on these faults.
From Miami to Madison: Investigating the relationship between climate and terrestrial net primary production

The 1973 “Miami Model” was the first global‐scale empirical model of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP), and its simplicity and relative accuracy has led to its continued use. However, improved techniques to measure NPP in the field and the expanded spatial and temporal range of observations have prompted this study, which reexamines the relationship of climatic variables to NPP. We developed several statistical models with paired climatic variables in order to investigate their relationships to terrestrial NPP. A reference data set of 3023 NPP field observations was compiled for calibration and parameter optimization. In addition to annual mean temperature and precipitation, as in the Miami Model, we chose more ecologically relevant climatic variables including growing degree‐days, a soil moisture stress index, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Calculated annual global NPP ranged from 36 to 74 Pg‐C yr−1, comparable with previous studies. Comparisons of geographic patterns of NPP were made using biome and latitudinal averages.
Cross-Modal Semantic Priming

The cross-modal semantic priming paradigm is described, including its underlying rationale and the different tasks with which it is combined. The major characteristics of the paradigm-the type of stimuli used, the dependent and independent variables typically manipulated-are then introduced. Also, its main advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Finally, the most important areas of application are considered and some important findings which have been obtained with it are briefly mentioned.
Microwave deicing for asphalt mixture containing 2 steel wool fibers

: Driving safety deteriorated dramatically on ice-covered road pavement in winter. 2 However, it is a challenge to remove thick ice layer from the pavement surface with conventional 3 technologies. In this study, the microwave heating performance of asphalt mixtures containing 4 steel wool fibers was tested. Firstly, the mechanism of pavement deicing using microwave was 5 introduced. The effect of steel wool fiber on air void content of asphalt mixture is studied, and the 6 fiber distribution is observed. The microwave heating performance of specimens with different 7 types and contents of steel wool were tested under the temperature of -5 (cid:176)C and -10 (cid:176)C. The ice-8 thawing time was measured and the effect of initial temperature and ice thickness on the thawing 9 time was evaluated. Finally, the heating uniformity and sustainability aspects of this technique 10 were assessed. Results show that the optimal steel wool fiber contents for microwave heating of 11 asphalt mixture are 0.3% of 000#, 0.6% of 0# and 0.9%% of 2#, respectively. The ice-thawing 12 time of the pavement with an initial temperature of -10 (cid:176)C is 9.3% (000#), 11.3% (0#) and 14.8% 13 (2#) higher than that of -5 (cid:176)C. In addition, every 1cm increase in ice layer thickness requires 5.9% 14 (000#), 7.7% (0#) and 13.0% (2#) increase in thawing time. A larger diameter of the steel wool 15 helps to improve the heating uniformity. At last, the microwave heating capacity of specimens 16 containing steel wool will not be significantly reduced by the repeated service in the first five 17 winters.
Equity–premium Puzzle: Evidence from Brazilian Data Equity-premium Puzzle: Evidence from Brazilian Data

Os artigos publicados são de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores. As opiniões neles emitidas não exprimem, necessariamente, o ponto de vista da Fundação Getulio Vargas. Abstract This paper uses 1992:1-2004:2 quarterly data and two di¤erent methods (approximation under lognormality and calibration) to evaluate the existence of an equity-premium puzzle in Brazil. In contrast with some previous works in the Brazilian literature, I conclude that the model used by Mehra and Prescott (1985), either with additive or recursive preferences, is not able to satisfactorily rationalize the equity premium observed in the Brazilian data. The second contribution of the paper is calling the attention to the fact that the utility function may not exist if the data (as it is the case with Brazilian time series) implies the existence of states in which high negative rates of consumption growth are attained with relatively high probability.
Arc hydro : GIS for water resources

In recent years, the field of hydrology has been transformed as GIS technology is increasingly used to model and analyze the dynamic hydrology at work on the planet. "Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources" is the definitive book on the Arc Hydro Data Model, a sophisticated template designed to help hydrologists and scientists from other disciplines develop data models in their own areas of study. This book contains instructions for using Arc Hydro, a set of tools that populate the attributes of the features in the data framework, slide show resources for teachers, and sample data from the Guadalupe River basin in Texas to which you can apply the tools.
Surface pressure fluctuations on a DU96 profile with flow seperation

In an effort to characterize noise induced by separated turbulent boundary layer flow, surface pressure fluctuations on a DU96-W-180 airfoil were measured using miniature pressure sensors. Because of limitation in amplifier channels and number of sensors, a rearrangeable configurations of sensors was applied. Spanwise and streamwise distributions of surface pressure were obtained at aerodynamic angles of attack −0.4◦ < α < 10.2◦ and at three different Reynolds numbers Re = (0.8, 1.0, and 1.2)× 10. The measured surface pressure spectra are compared with predictions from published empirical models for zero and nonzero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers. While the absolute level is under predicted by the models at some chordwise positions and α, the shape of the spectrum can be approximated using the spectrum model proposed by Catlett et al.
Analgesia & Resuscitation : Current Research Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Butorphanol vs. Morphine in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Morphine, a reference analgesic, has been widely used for a long time, but its safety profile is unsatisfactory. Butorphanol, a partial agonist and antagonist of the mu-opioid receptor and agonist of the kappa-opioid receptor, may offer a profile than morphine. Therefore, the present meta- analysis was conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy and