Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature thermal conductivity of glasses within the soft-potential model

The low-temperature ${\mathrm{T}}^{2}$ rise and the subsequent plateau of the thermal conductivity of glasses allow one to determine two parameters of the phenomenological soft-potential model. The first of these is a weighted average C-bar of the dimensionless parameter combinations ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{l}}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{t}}$ which the soft-potential model shares with the tunneling model. The second is the crossover energy W between tunneling states and vibrations. Values of W and C-bar obtained from the thermal conductivity of ten different glasses agree within experimental error with those obtained from specific-heat and acoustic-absorption data.
Location And Spectrum Estimation By Approximate Maximum Likelihood

We investigate the estimation of signal parameters as source locations from sensor array measurements in the presence of partly unknown noise fields and also the estimation of spectral parameters of the signals and of noise. This problem has drawn much interest, and many parameter estimation methods for array data have been discussed in the literature. We concentrate on approximate maximum likelihood estimation in the frequency domain assuming stationary array measurements. We review several concepts in which different asymptotic distributional properties of Fourier transformed array data are applied. We investigate narrowband as well as wideband data. Asymptotic distributional results of the estimates are presented. Numerical procedures, approximations and estimates from different model fits having, in some cases, the same asymptotic behavior as maximum likelihood estimates are discussed. Finally, we summarize the results from numerical experiments that show the behavior of different estimates in the single frequency case for a small number of data snapshots.
The independent effect of exercise on biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Although previous studies have demonstrated that exercise independently reduces hepatic steatosis measured by imaging modalities in NAFLD, the effect of exercise on histological endpoints remains unclear. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the independent effect of exercise on hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis as measured by histological assessment or non-invasive tests (NITs) in biopsy-proven NAFLD. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was performed using keywords related to exercise, NAFLD, and biopsy. Articles were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: (1) involved human subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD, (2) analyzed the independent effect of exercise, (3) assessed changes in hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, or liver fibrosis via either histological evaluation or NITs, and (4) were original research studies. We identified a total of six studies that analyzed the independent effect of exercise on histological endpoints in biopsy-proven NAFLD. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) did not detect significant histological improvement following exercise interventions, while other non-randomized interventional studies showed that exercise reduces hepatocyte ballooning and liver fibrosis. In addition, five studies assessed NIT outcomes, collectively demonstrating that exercise improves hepatic steatosis measured by magnetic resonance imaging-based techniques but not serum biomarkers for steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Additional large RCTs and meta-analyses are warranted to investigate the independent effect of exercise on histological and clinical outcome endpoints in NAFLD.
How the integration of normal medical test results can be improved in patients with somatoform disorders-An experimental study.

BACKGROUND We examined whether the difficulties of patients with somatoform disorders (SFDs) in integrating medical reassurance can be altered by preventing patients from devaluing reassuring information through defensive cognitive strategies. METHOD Patients with SFD (n = 60), patients with major depression (n = 32), and healthy volunteers (n = 37) watched a videotaped doctor's report, which provided medical reassurance for gastroenterological complaints. Subsequently, participants were asked about their perception of the report. In the SFD sample, patients' appraisal of the reassuring was experimentally modulated: In one condition, doubts about the validity of the doctor's diagnostic assessment were triggered; in another condition, the devaluation of medical reassurance was blocked through underscoring the validity of the doctor's diagnostic assessment; and a control condition received no manipulation. RESULTS As evident on all outcome variables, patients with SFD had more difficulty integrating medical reassurance than depressed and healthy people. Within the SFD sample, participants from the experimental condition blocking the devaluation of medical reassurance rated the likelihood of an undetected serious disease to be significantly lower than the other two conditions. They also reported less emotional concern and a lower desire to seek the opinion of another doctor. CONCLUSIONS By comparing patients with SFD to both a healthy and a clinical control group, the current study suggests that the difficulty in processing reassuring medical information is a specific psychopathological feature of SFD. Furthermore, our results suggest that the integration of medical reassurance can be improved by preventing patients from devaluing reassuring information through dismissive cognitive strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Dual- and multi-energy CT for particle stopping-power estimation: current state, challenges and potential

Range uncertainty has been a key factor preventing particle radiotherapy from reaching its full physical potential. One of the main contributing sources is the uncertainty in estimating particle stopping power (ρ s ) within patients. Currently, the ρ s distribution in a patient is derived from a single-energy CT (SECT) scan acquired for treatment planning by converting CT number expressed in Hounsfield units (HU) of each voxel to ρ s using a Hounsfield look-up table (HLUT), also known as the CT calibration curve. HU and ρ s share a linear relationship with electron density but differ in their additional dependence on elemental composition through different physical properties, i.e. effective atomic number and mean excitation energy, respectively. Because of that, the HLUT approach is particularly sensitive to differences in elemental composition between real human tissues and tissue surrogates as well as tissue variations within and among individual patients. The use of dual-energy CT (DECT) for ρ s prediction has been shown to be effective in reducing the uncertainty in ρ s estimation compared to SECT. The acquisition of CT data over different x-ray spectra yields additional information on the material elemental composition. Recently, multi-energy CT (MECT) has been explored to deduct material-specific information with higher dimensionality, which has the potential to further improve the accuracy of ρ s estimation. Even though various DECT and MECT methods have been proposed and evaluated over the years, these approaches are still only scarcely implemented in routine clinical practice. In this topical review, we aim at accelerating this translation process by providing: (1) a comprehensive review of the existing DECT/MECT methods for ρ s estimation with their respective strengths and weaknesses; (2) a general review of uncertainties associated with DECT/MECT methods; (3) a general review of different aspects related to clinical implementation of DECT/MECT methods; (4) other potential advanced DECT/MECT applications beyond ρ s estimation.
Role for Astrocytes in mGluR-Dependent LTD in the Neocortex and Hippocampus

Astroglia are an active element of brain plasticity, capable to release small molecule gliotransmitters by various mechanisms and regulate synaptic strength. While importance of glia-neuron communications for long-term potentiation has been rather widely reported, research into role for astrocytes in long-depression (LTD) is just gaining momentum. Here, we explored the role for astrocytes in the prominent form of synaptic plasticity—mGluR-dependent LTD. We found out the substantial contribution of the Group I receptors, especially mGluR1 subtype, into Ca2+-signaling in hippocampal and neocortical astrocytes, which can be activated during synaptic stimulation used for LTD induction. Our data demonstrate that mGluR receptors can activate SNARE-dependent release of ATP from astrocytes which in turn can directly activate postsynaptic P2X receptors in the hippocampal and neocortical neurons. The latter mechanism has recently been shown to cause the synaptic depression via triggering the internalisation of AMPA receptors. Using mouse model of impaired glial exocytosis (dnSNARE mice), we demonstrated that mGluR-activated release of ATP from astrocytes is essential for regulation of mGluR-dependent LTD in CA3-CA1 and layer 2/3 synapses. Our data also suggest that astrocyte-related pathway relies mainly on mGluR1 receptors and act synergistically with neuronal mechanisms dependent mainly on mGluR5.
AGILITY AND AGILE ORGANIZATIONS FROM EMPLOYEES’ PERSPECTIVES: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SAAS BUSINESS MODEL

The primary purpose of this study is to learn the thoughts of individuals working in an agile organization about agility and contribute to the agility literature from the employee perspective. Through this aim, we conducted face-to-face interviews with 10 participants working in a SaaS (Software as a Service) company that provides software services to its customers. We analyzed the data through the MAXQDA 2022 Qualitative Data Analysis Program. When we examined the most preferred expressions to describe agility, 70 percent of the participants used the word “dynamic” 8 times and “innovation” 7 times. Half of the participants emphasized “stress” and “speed” 5 times each. More than 70 percent of the participants stated that the positive aspects of agility are “having a horizontal organizational structure” (19 times), “flexibility” (12 times), and “the existence of a dynamic and innovative environment” (11 times). On the other hand, we saw that “stress and job training pressure,” repeated 17 times by 70 percent of the participants, was the most frequently emphasized negative aspect of agility. According to the participants, “adaptability to teamwork” and “being open-minded/ flexible” are the leading competencies that individuals working in an agile organization should possess. Studies examining employees' feelings and thoughts about agility are rare in the literature. This situation constitutes the original aspect of the present study.
Valons and harmonic oscillators

The valon distribution derived by Hwa is compared with the valence-quark distribution from the covariant-harmonic-oscillator wave function which correctly describes the proton-form-factor behavior, and which provides a covariant representation of the hadron mass spectra. It is shown that the harmonic-oscillator curve closely approximates the valon distribution for x > 0.25. For 0 < x < 0.25, the agreement is reasonable.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) Cultivars Revealed by GBS Resequencing

Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) is one of the earliest domesticated and cultivated fruit trees, and it is widely distributed in China. Because of the high quality of its nuts and its high resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, Chinese chestnut could be used to improve edible chestnut varieties worldwide. However, the unclear domestication history and highly complex genetic background of Chinese chestnut have prevented the efficiency of breeding efforts. To explore the genetic diversity and structure of Chinese chestnut populations and generate new insights that could aid chestnut breeding, heterozygosity statistics, molecular variance analysis, ADMIXTURE analysis, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism data from 185 Chinese chestnut landraces from five geographical regions in China via genotyping by sequencing. Results showed that the genetic diversity level of the five populations from different regions was relatively high, with an observed heterozygosity of 0.2796–0.3427. The genetic diversity level of the population in the mid-western regions was the highest, while the population north of the Yellow River was the lowest. Molecular variance analysis showed that the variation among different populations was only 2.07%, while the intra-group variation reached 97.93%. The Chinese chestnut samples could be divided into two groups: a northern and southern population, separated by the Yellow River; however, some samples from the southern population were genetically closer to samples from the northern population. We speculate that this might be related to the migration of humans during the Han dynasty due to the frequent wars that took place during this period, which might have led to the introduction of chestnut to southern regions. Some samples from Shandong Province and Beijing City were outliers that did not cluster with their respective groups, and this might be caused by the special geographical, political, and economic significance of these two regions. The findings of our study showed the complex genetic relationships among Chinese chestnut landraces and the high genetic diversity of these resources.
Academic Libraries in Ghana and Their Strategies for Coping with the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

In March 2020, institutions of higher education shut down in compliance with the directives of the President of Ghana to curb the spread of COVID-19. In July 2020, when the lockdown restrictions were eased, universities resumed teaching, learning, and research in order to continue the second semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. Universities and their libraries immediately adapted to online teaching and the delivery of services and resources to their patrons even though most of them were largely unprepared for this ‘new normal’ experience. This paper adopts the qualitative research design which comprised documentary evidence of experiences of ten public and private universities libraries in Ghana with regard to their resources, services, facilities and staff as well as impact on library users during the pandemic. Findings reveal the strict compliance of the COVID -19 protocols and sanitation practices, the increased use of online databases, social media interventions and virtual training among others. The different strategies adopted by university libraries in Ghana are worth sharing and lessons learned provide a unique opportunity for academic librarians to rethink their key roles and core values in supporting the teaching and learning of their institutions during this very challenging time and the future.
Thermal conductivity of one- and two-dimensional lattices

Numerical experiments were conducted to study the energy transfer through one- and two-dimensional nonlinear lattices, with various anharmonicities and diatomic mass ratios, when they are placed between two thermal reservoirs. The existence and dependence of normal thermal conductivity on the number of particles in the lattice (N<or=400) and the mass ratio is studied. In these lattices, an approximate transition is found to be related to the decay of a pulse travelling across the finite lattice. The threshold for the transition from infinite to normal thermal conductivity is also found to coincide with the value of these parameters for which the divergence of trajectories in every region of the phase space of the system becomes nonlinear with time, in an interval shorter than the time a pulse needs to travel through the lattice. It is also found that the thermal conductivity of the two-dimensional lattices that were examined differs from that of similar one-dimensional lattices only quantitatively and not qualitatively as predicted by Peierls' 'Umklapp' analysis.
An analytical-FDTD method for near LEMP calculation

The paper presents a hybrid method for evaluating the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the lightning channel base. Several models have been proposed for this purpose, but, in spite of general agreement on the magnetic field results, the literature shows quite different results concerning the intensity and waveshape of the near electric field. The proposed method is an alternative approach that takes advantage of this fact to calculate, first, the magnetic field, and, secondly, based partially on the FDTD method, the electric field. The suitability of this procedure is checked through the comparison with another method, for a particular configuration proposed in the literature.
The rotation of photospheric magnetic fields: A random walk transport model

In an earlier study of solar differential rotation, we showed that the transport of magnetic flux across latitudes acts to establish quasi-stationary patterns, therby accounting for the observed rigid rotation of the large-scale photospheric field. In that paper, the effect of supergranular convection was represented by a continuum diffusion, limiting the applicability of the calculations to large spatial scales. Here we extend the model to scales comparable to that of the supergranulation itself by replacing the diffusive transport with a discrete random walk process. Rotation curves are derived by cross-correlating the simulated photospheric field maps for a variety of time lags and spatial resolutions. When the lag between maps is relatively short less than or approximately = 15 days), the midlatitude correlation functions show two distinct components: a broad feature associated with the large-scale unipolar patterns and a narrow feature originating from small magnetic structures encompossing from one to several supergranular cells. By fitting the broad component we obtain the rigid rotation profile of the patterns, whereas by fitting the narrow component, we recover the differential rate of the photospheric plasma itself. For time lags of 1 month or greater, only the broad feature associated with the long-lived patterns remains clearly identifiable in the simulations.
On the density‐profile slope of clusters of galaxies

The present paper extends a previous study of Del Popolo to clusters of galaxies, considering how baryon–dark matter (DM) interplay shapes the density profiles of dwarf galaxies. Cluster density profiles are determined taking into account dynamical friction, random and ordered angular momentum and the response of DM haloes to condensation of baryons. We find that haloes containing only DM are characterized by Einasto’s profiles, and that profiles flatten with increasing content of baryons and increasing values of random angular momentum. The analytical results obtained in the first part of the paper are applied to well-studied clusters, the inner profiles of which have slopes flatter than Navarro, Frenk & White (NFW) predictions (A611, A383) or are characterized by profiles in agreement with the NFW model (MACS J1423.8+2404, RXJ1133). By using an independently measured baryonic fraction and a typical spin parameter value λ≃ 0.03 and adjusting the random angular momentum, we re-obtain the mass and density profiles of the quoted clusters. Finally, we show that the baryonic mass inside ≃10 kpc, Mb, in, is correlated with the total mass of the clusters as .
Least-Squares Finite Element Method for the Stokes Problem with Zero Residual of Mass Conservation

In this paper the simulation of incompressible flow in two dimensions by the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM) in the vorticity-velocity-pressure version is studied. In the LSFEM, the equations for continuity of mass and momentum and a vorticity equation are minimized on a discretization of the domain of interest. A problem is these equations are minimized in a global sense. Thus this method may not enforce that div$\underline{u} = 0$ at every point of the discretization. In this paper a modified LSFEM is developed which enforces near zero residual of mass conservation, i.e., div$\underline{u}$ is nearly zero at every point of the discretization. This is accomplished by adding an extra restriction in the divergence-free equation through the Lagrange multiplier strategy. In this numerical method the inf-sup or say LBB condition is not necessary, and the matrix resulting from applying the method on a discretization is symmetric; the uniqueness of the solution and the application of the conjugate gradient method are also valid. Numerical experience is given in simulating the flow of a cylinder with diameter 1 moving in a narrow channel of width 1.5. Results obtained by the LSFEM show that mass is created or destroyed at different points in the interior of discretization. The results obtained by the modified LSFEM show the mass is nearly conserved everywhere.
DNA biopolymer conductive cladding for polymer electro-optic waveguide modulators

A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biopolymer has been studied for use as a conductive cladding layer in polymer electro-optic (EO) waveguide modulators due to its low optical loss and high electrical conductivity relative to its inorganic polymer counterparts. Electric field contact poling measurements using a DNA biopolymer cladding layer with an amorphous polycarbonate/chromophore (APC/CLD1) guest-host system core layer have been made and compared to a UV15 cladding layer. Using the EO coefficient of APC/CLD1 with no cladding layer as a baseline, the DNA biopolymer cladding layer yielded relative poling efficiencies of 96% while the UV15 poling efficiencies were only 51%.
HOTEL EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN NEW NORMAL PERIOD

This research aims to examine the effect of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance as well as the mediating effect of Organizational Commitment between Transformational Leadership on affecting Employee Performance in non-star hotels in Medan (North Sumatra) during the “New Normal” period. This is a survey research, using all employees who work in two non-star hotels in the city of Medan (North Sumatra) as research sample, totaling 60 Employees. The results are described descriptively in which were processed using SPSS version 23.0. The mediation variable test was carried out using the Sobel Test with significance level of p <. 05. The results showed that there is a positive and significant direct effect of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance partially. Similarly, simultaneously there is an indirect effect of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance mediated by Organizational Commitment or in other words Organizational Commitment is able to mediate the effect of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance. The results of this study prove that the conceptions of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment are still relevant today and also contribute to improve employee performance in the hotel industry in Indonesia, especially non-star hotels in Medan (North Sumatra) in New Normal period. Thus we purpose further research to be conducted to examine worker commitments trough factor analysis approach. Meanwhile, working climate or culture in said characteristic can be describe trough ethnography