Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semantic Terrain Classification for Off-Road Autonomous Driving

: Producing dense and accurate traversability maps is crucial for autonomous off-road navigation. In this paper, we focus on the problem of classifying terrains into 4 cost classes (free, low-cost, medium-cost, obstacle) for traversability assessment. This requires a robot to reason about both semantics (what objects are present? ) and geometric properties (where are the objects located? ) of the environment. To achieve this goal, we develop a novel Bird’s Eye View Network (BEVNet), a deep neural network that directly predicts a local map encoding terrain classes from sparse LiDAR inputs. BEVNet processes both geometric and semantic information in a temporally consistent fashion. More importantly, it uses learned prior and history to predict terrain classes in unseen space and into the future, allowing a robot to better appraise its situation. We quantitatively evaluate BEVNet on both on-road and off-road scenarios and show that it outperforms a variety of strong baselines.
BAFRA OVASI KOŞULLARI A UYGU ARPA (Hordeum vulgare L.) ÇEŞİTLERİ İ

Bu arastirma, Bafra Ovasi kosullarina uygun arpa cesitlerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla, 2006-07 ve 2007-08 yillarinda, tesaduf bloklari deneme deseninde dort tekrarlamali olarak yurutulmustur. Arpa cesidi olarak iki sirali, Aydanhanim, Zeynelaga, Bulbul 89, Konevi-98, Angora, Karatay 94 ve alti sirali, Avci-2002, Vamikhoca 98, Akhisar 98, Epona, Cetin 2000, Erginel 90 kullanilmistir. Incelenen butun tarimsal ozellikler yonunden cesitler arasinda onemli farklar bulunmustur. Cesitlerin bitki boyu 79.9-88.9 cm, m2’deki basak sayisi 394.6-547.5 adet, basaktaki tane sayisi 21.0-49.0 adet, 1000 tane agirligi 41.2-51.3 g, tane verimi 295.4-335.5 kg/da, hektolitre agirligi 62.6-68.4 kg, ham protein orani ise %10.9-13.1 arasinda degismistir. En yuksek tane verimi ve en yuksek 1000 tane agirligina Aydanhanim ve Zeynelaga cesitleri sirasiyla (335.5 kg/da ve 51.3 g; 334.4 kg/da ve 47.7 g), en yuksek ham protein oranina ise Epona cesidi (% 13.1) sahip olmustur
Financial Development, Income Inequality and the Role of Democracy: Evidence from Vietnam

The objective of this study is to see how a country’s level of democracy impacts the relationship between financial development and income disparity. We argue that political regimes, supported by their degree of democracy, are important for various decentralization theories to predict the impact of financial development on income inequality. Our study tests this argument using Vietnam time series data for the period 2000–2020 through the ARDL model. The financial development variable is represented by five proxies, the income inequality variable is represented by the GINI coefficient and the role of democracy is represented by the Freedom House Index. Data serving for the study is taken from data sources with high reliability. The results of the study have strong evidence that (1) financial development has a positive impact on income inequality, (2) democratic government will reduce national income inequality. (3) And a higher degree of democracy tends to mitigate the positive impact of financial development on income inequality. Thus, our study contributes to the literature by providing a new look at the mixed results regarding the relationship between financial development and theoretical income inequality. Finally, the article provides policy implications for the Government of Vietnam.
Effect of short-term fasting on the expression of ACTH (cMC2) receptor in the adrenal glands of chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

The main hormone produced by the adrenal glands of hens is corticosterone, synthesized and secreted by stimulation of the HPA axis during stress. Direct activation of adrenal activity is conditioned by ACTH, which binds to the melanocortin receptor cMC2 in the adrenals and stimulates the synthesis and release of glucocorticosteroids. One of the factors that stimulate HPA axis activity is starvation, to which chickens are very sensitive. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of ACTH receptor cMC2 in the adrenals of hens during shortterm fasting and after restoration of the proper level of nutrition (refeeding). The results of the experiment show that 24-hour food deprivation is stressful for the hen, as indicated by increased concentrations of corticosterone in the adrenals and blood plasma. Changes in cMC2R expression and the level of corticosterone in the adrenals during fasting and refeeding indicate a rapid increase in HPA axis activity in response to changing levels of nutrition. The results of the experiment confirm the direct effect of ACTH on corticosterone release by avian adrenal glands.
Economic measures of bare overhead conductor characteristics

The most important electrical and mechanical parameters of bare overhead stranded power conductors are defined. A sophisticated line design package (TLOP), which incorporates a structural analysis program applicable to waisted steel lattice structures, is used to estimate the economic value of changes in these conductor parameters. The design cases considered are for a single- and double-circuit 345 kV line in an NESC heavy loading area with a two-conductor bundle of 45/7 ACSR. Maximum cost savings results from increased conductor tension, reduced thermal elongation of aluminum strands, and reduced conductor diameter. Reductions in the thermal elongation of the steel core, reduction of creep elongation and increased elastic modulus have little or no impact on line cost for the particular line design situation studied. >
Glycine max L . ) G rowth and Y ield in a Clayey Soil

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is considered as one of the most important and valuable crops in leguminosae (Fabaceae) family and its production is expected to reach 371.3 million tons by 2030 (Masuda & Goldsmith, 2009 and Kravchenko et al., 2013 ). It is extensively planted in many countries under different environments with a short duration around the world and has high nutritional value, with multiple uses as food and industrial products (Kravchenko et al., 2013 and Yadav et al., 2013). It also contains high amounts of minerals, salts, vitamins (thiamine and riboflavin), protein (an average of 36-43%) and oil (19-20%) (Macak & Candrakova , 2013 and Yadav et al., 2013) , and amino acid lysine (5%), which is usually deficient in many cereal crops. The presence of isoflavones in soybean can be helpful in preventing infection of human with heart diseases and cancer (Bhattacharjee et al., 2013). Also, there are many other products such as milk and flour can be extracted from it. Growing soybean can maintain the soil fertility through Efficiency of Elemental Sulfur and Phosphorus Fertilizer in Enhancing Soybean (Glycine max L.) Growth and Yield in a Clayey Soil
Excitation Properties of Photopigments and Their Possible Dependence on the Host Star

Photosynthesis is a plausible pathway for the sustenance of a substantial biosphere on an exoplanet. In fact, it is also anticipated to create distinctive biosignatures detectable by next-generation telescopes. In this work, we explore the excitation features of photopigments that harvest electromagnetic radiation by constructing a simple quantum-mechanical model. Our analysis suggests that the primary Earth-based photopigments for photosynthesis may not function efficiently at wavelengths >1.1 μm. In the context of (hypothetical) extrasolar photopigments, we calculate the potential number of conjugated π-electrons (N ⋆) in the relevant molecules, which can participate in the absorption of photons. By hypothesizing that the absorption maxima of photopigments are close to the peak spectral photon flux of the host star, we utilize the model to estimate N ⋆. As per our formalism, N ⋆ is modulated by the stellar temperature, and is conceivably higher (lower) for planets orbiting stars cooler (hotter) than the Sun; exoplanets around late-type M-dwarfs might require an N ⋆ twice that of the Earth. We conclude the analysis with a brief exposition of how our model could be empirically tested by future observations.
Persistence of lower dimensional degenerate invariant tori with prescribed frequencies in Hamiltonian systems with small parameter

In this paper we develop some KAM techniques to prove the persistence of lower dimensional elliptic-type degenerate invariant tori with prescribed frequencies in Hamiltonian systems. The proof is based on a formal KAM theorem, which allows us to solve the equation of equilibrium points and choose the parameter of small divisors after the KAM iteration, instead of in each KAM step. The proof is also based on the Leray–Schauder continuation theorem, which insures the existence of a path of real roots of an approximating odd-order real polynomial which depends continuously on parameters. This result is very important for us to tackle the Melnikov condition in the elliptic-type degenerate case.
Using Be dating to determine when the Cordilleran Ice Sheet stopped flowing over the Canadian Rocky Mountains

During the last glacial maximum the Cordilleran and Laurentide ice sheets coalesced east of the Rocky Mountains and geomorphological evidence indicates ice flowed over the main ridge of the Rocky Mountains between ∼54–56°N. However, this ice flow has thus far remained unconstrained in time. Here we use in situ produced cosmogenic Be dating to determine when Cordilleran ice stopped flowing over the mountain range. We dated eight samples from two sites: one on the western side (Mount Morfee) and one on the eastern side (Mount Spieker) of the Rocky Mountains. At Mount Spieker, one sample is rejected as an outlier and the remaining three give an apparent weighted mean exposure age of 15.6 ± 0.6 ka. The four samples at Mount Morfee are well clustered in time and give an apparent weighted mean exposure age of 12.2 ± 0.4 ka. These ages indicate that Mount Spieker became ice free before the Bølling warming and that the western front of the Rocky Mountains (Mount Morfee) remained in contact with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet until the Younger Dryas.
Black Holes and Quasars

The black hole and the quasar are two of the most intriguing mysteries in the universe. No one can say with certainty what it is, why they exist and what processes occur inside them. A quasar cannot exist without a black hole, and a black hole, in turn, can do without a quasar. Many people know that quasars are the brightest objects in the universe. But the fact that quasars are born as a result of the evolution of black holes is still very few people know According to the results of astronomical observations of the Planck telescope, the Universe consists of [1]:
PENERAPAN PSAK 109 TENTANG AKUNTANSI ZAKAT DAN INFAQ/SEDEKAH PADA LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT (LAZ) AL MUMTAZ PEDULI KAB. KUBU RAYA

Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) Al Mumtaz Peduli Kab. Kubu Raya is the only one institute Zakat in Kab. Kubu Raya, but the institute have not applying finances report based on PSAK 109 about Zakat-Accountancy and Infaq/Sedekah. The aims of this research to know how it can be applying with they factors give influence to applying PSAK 109 about Zakat-Accountancy and Infaq/Sedekah on Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) Al Mumtaz Peduli Kab. Kubu Raya. Method of this research is qualitative research. Data sources are primary data and secondary data. Technique collecting data in this research uses observation, interview, and documentation. Tools of data analysis uses PSAK 109 about Zakat-Accountancy and Infaq/Sedekah through interview. Result of this research is Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) Al Mumtaz Peduli Kab. Kubu Raya haven’t yet PSAK 109 about Zakat-Accountancy and Infaq/Sedekah and factors who give influence to apply PSAK 109 about Zakat-Accountancy and Infaq/Sedekah as follow misunderstanding of employee and lack of upgrading related to PSAK 109 about Zakat-Accountancy and Infaq/Sedekah and minimum system. Keywords : Applying PSAK 109, Zakat-Accountancy, Infaq/Sedekah .
Auricular Hematoma in a Dog Treated by Homeopathic Therapy-Case Report

Background: Auricular hematoma is a self-limiting disease, usually traumatic in origin, and most commonly affects dogs than cats. Surgery is usually the treatment of choice. However, homeopathic therapy has been gaining ground in these treatments for offering innumerable advantages, such as easy administration, low cost, no side effects to the patient's organism. Case Presentation: This study aimed to report a case of an auricular hematoma in a 17-yearold female dog treated with the ultra-diluted injectable (Arsenicum album and Hamamelis virginiana) and oral (Bellis perenis and A. album) medicines. Conclusions: The patient presented a successful response over 30 days of treatment with complete resolution of the disease, and no complications throughout the period were recorded.
Efficacy of Mentalization-Based Group Therapy for Adolescents: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial

Background: The relationship between stress, symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and depression has not previously been considered using the theory of subjective wellbeing (SWB) homeostasis as a conceptual framework. It is proposed that mindfulness, as a mechanism of down-regulating challenging emotion, can aid in the restoration of mood homeostasis and reduce symptoms of both psychological and physiological stress. The study aims to identify whether individuals with Crohn’s disease (CD) and co-occurring psychological depression or stress are experiencing the defeat of SWB homeostasis. Further, the study aims to test whether a Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention can restore homeostasis. The study would also identify whether this restoration of homeostasis is associated with a reduction in disease symptomatology. Methods/Design: An exploratory randomised control trial with 40 participants recruited from public health gastroenterology patients and randomly allocated to an 8-week MBSR program or wait-list control. Measures of SWB, depression, stress, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels will be collected prior to and after the intervention. Individual HPMood set points will be determined from affect data collected over 7 days through momentary sampling techniques prior to the commencement of the intervention. Measures will be repeated at 6-month followup. Following this, the wait-list group will be offered the same 8-week MBSR. Hypotheses will be tested using mixed ANOVA and clinical significance tests. Discussion: This study will be an important contributor to knowledge about psychological vulnerability and resilience for people with CD and will provide initial evidence that could contribute to the development of a larger future trial. Trial registration: ACTRN12618002009291
SERIES TRADE AND THE GLOBAL RECESSION

We thank Costas Arkolakis, Ariel Burstein, Christian Broda, Lorenzo Caliendo, Marty Eichenbaum, Chang-Tai Hsieh, Erik Hurst, Anil Kashyap, and Ralph Ossa as well as participants at numerous seminars for helpful comments. George Alessandria, Chris Edmond, Tim Kehoe, Andrei Levchenko, Kanda Naknoi, Denis Novy, Andy Rose, Jonathan Vogel, and Kei-Mu Yi gave excellent discussions. Max Perez Leon, Fernando Parro, and Kelsey Moser provided outstanding research assistance. This research was funded in part by the Neubauer Family Foundation and the Charles E. Merrill Faculty Research Fund at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Eaton and Kortum gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under grant number SES-0820338. Neiman gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation under grant number 1061954. The Appendix that accompanies the paper, as well as notes and derivations from a simplified version of the model, can be found on the authors' web pages. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Challenges and Opportunities of E-resources

The advent of e-resources and their increased use have changed the library scenario from physical to virtual. Users’ preferences are more for e-resources and virtual libraries with little attraction for physical libraries. In spite of innumerable advantages of e-resources, there are certain problems also relating to their acquisition, maintenance, management, etc. which need collaborative efforts of professionals and all other bodies associated with creation, distribution and use of these resources to establish the sound practices and the models. The paper highlights these issues, emphasizing the need to develop or procure an ERMS which can integrate all these resources along with printed material to provide single window approach to all resources available locally as well as globally in a universal library.
Modeling line edge roughness effects in sub 100 nanometer gate length devices

A fast method to estimate the effects of line edge roughness is proposed. This method is based upon the use of multiple 2D device "slices" sandwiched together to form a MOS transistor of a given width. This method was verified to yield an accurate representation of rough edge MOS transistors through comparisons to full three dimensional simulations. A subsequent statistical study shows how the variation in line edge roughness affects the values and variances of several key device parameters.
New technologies, new pedagogies: Mobile learning in higher education

The chapters of this e-book comprise the pedagogical and research endeavours of a team of academics in higher education who worked with mobile learning devices over two years on a project entitled New Technologies: New Pedagogies project: Using mobile technologies to develop new ways of teaching and learning. The project endeavoured to take an innovative approach not only in the creation of new, authentic pedagogies for mobile devices but also in the action learning approach adopted for the professional development of participants. The project involved 15 people including teachers, IT and PD personnel. It was a large and ambitious project that resulted not only in a range of innovative pedagogies, but in the creation of more knowledgeable and confident users of mobile technologies among teachers and students
High-frequency asymptotic methods for analyzing the EM scattering by open-ended waveguide cavities

Four high-frequency methods are described for analyzing the electromagnetic (EM) scattering by electrically large open-ended cavities. They are: (1) a hybrid combination of waveguide modal analysis and high-frequency asymptotics, (2) geometrical optics (GO) ray shooting, (3) Gaussian beam (GB) shooting, and (4) the generalized ray expansion (GRE) method. The hybrid modal method gives very accurate results but is limited to cavities which are made up of sections of uniform waveguides for which the modal fields are known. The GO ray shooting method can be applied to much more arbitrary cavity geometries and can handle absorber treated interior walls, but it generally only predicts the major trends of the RCS pattern and not the details. Also, a very large number of rays need to be tracked for each new incidence angle. Like the GO ray shooting method, the GB shooting method can handle more arbitrary cavities, but it is much more efficient and generally more accurate than the GO method because it includes the fields diffracted by the rim at the open end which enter the cavity. However, due to beam divergence effects the GB method is limited to cavities which are not very long compared to their width. The GRE method overcomes the length-to-width limitation of the GB method by replacing the GB's with GO ray tubes which are launched in the same manner as the GB's to include the interior rim diffracted field. This method gives good accuracy and is generally more efficient than the GO method, but a large number of ray tubes needs to be tracked.
Evaluation of Airborne Precision Spacing in a Human-in-the-Loop Experiment

A significant bottleneck in the current air traffic system occurs at the runway. Expanding airports and adding new runways will help solve this problem; however, this comes with significant costs: financially, politically and environmentally. A complementary solution is to safely increase the capacity of current runways. This can be achieved by precisely spacing aircraft at the runway threshold, with a resulting reduction in the spacing bu er required under today s operations. At NASA's Langley Research Center, the Airspace Systems program has been investigating airborne technologies and procedures that will assist the flight crew in achieving precise spacing behind another aircraft. A new spacing clearance allows the pilot to follow speed cues from a new on-board guidance system called Airborne Merging and Spacing for Terminal Arrivals (AMSTAR). AMSTAR receives Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) reports from an assigned, leading aircraft and calculates the appropriate speed for the ownship to fly to achieve the desired spacing interval, time- or distance-based, at the runway threshold. Since the goal is overall system capacity, the speed guidance algorithm is designed to provide system-wide benefits and stability to a string of arriving aircraft. An experiment was recently performed at the NASA Langley Air Traffic Operations Laboratory (ATOL) to test the flexibility of Airborne Precision Spacing operations under a variety of operational conditions. These included several types of merge and approach geometries along with the complementary merging and in-trail operations. Twelve airline pilots and four controllers participated in this simulation. Performance and questionnaire data were collected from a total of eighty-four individual arrivals. The pilots were able to achieve precise spacing with a mean error of 0.5 seconds and a standard deviation of 4.7 seconds. No statistically significant di erences in spacing performance were found between in-trail and merging operations or among the three modeled airspaces. Questionnaire data showed general acceptance for both pilots and controllers. These results reinforce previous findings from full-mission simulation and flight evaluation of the in-trail operations. This paper reviews the results of this simulation in detail.