Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Particle Deposition Characteristics Using a Modified Eulerian Method on a Tilted Surface in the Turbulent Flow

This study uses a v2-f turbulence model with a two phase Eulerian approach. The v2-f model can accurately calculate the near wall fluctuationsm which mainly represent the nonisotropic nature of turbulent flow near the walls. The Eulerian method was modified based on considering the most important mechanisms in the particle deposition rate when compared to the experimental data. The model performance is examined by comparing the rate of particle deposition on a vertical surface with the experimental and numerical data in a turbulent channel flow available in the literature. The model takes into account the effects of lift, turbophoretic, electrostatic, gravitational, and Brownian forces together with turbulent diffusion on the particle deposition rate. Electrostatic forces due to mirror charging and due to charged particles under the influence of an electric field were considered. The influence of the tilt angle on the particle deposition rate was investigated. The results show that, using the modified model with v2-f model predicts the rate of deposition with reasonable accuracy. It is shown that considering the turbophoretic force as the only inertia force and neglecting the lift force, leads to reasonable accuracy in predicting particle deposition rate. It is also observed that when the mirror charging and electric field are present, the electrostatic force has the dominant effect in a wider range of particles’ size. Furthermore, the results show that increasing the Reynolds number at a given tilt angle decreases the rate of particle deposition and the tilt angle has insignificant impact on the particle deposition rate in high shear velocity or high Reynolds number.
CD40LG and GZMB were correlated with adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and involved in obstructive sleep apnea related metabolic dysregulation: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis

Both obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to metabolic dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Similar to obesity, increasing evidence has revealed that immune infiltration in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with obstructive sleep apnea-related morbidity. However, the pathological changes and potential molecular mechanisms in visceral adipose tissue of obstructive sleep apnea patients need to be further studied. Herein, by bioinformatics analysis and clinical validation methods, including the immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs) analysis, protein-protein interaction network (PPI), functional enrichment analysis, a devolution algorithm (CIBERSORT), spearman’s correlation analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we identified and validated 10 hub IRDEGs, the relative mRNA expression of four hub genes (CRP, CD40LG, CCL20, and GZMB), and the protein expression level of two hub genes (CD40LG and GZMB) were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results. Immune infiltration results further revealed that obstructive sleep apnea patients contained a higher proportion of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and a lower proportion of M2 macrophages. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that CD40LG was positively correlated with M1 macrophages and GZMB was negatively correlated with M2 macrophages. CD40LG and GZMB might play a vital role in the visceral adipose tissue homeostasis of obstructive sleep apnea patients. Their interaction with macrophages and involved pathways not only provides new insights for understanding molecular mechanisms but also be of great significance in discovering novel small molecules or other promising candidates as immunotherapies of OSA-associated metabolic complications.
Explicit Formulas for the Associated Jacobi Polynomials and Some Applications

In this paper we determine closed-form expressions for the associated Jacobi polynomials, i.e., the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relation for Jacobi polynomials with n replaced by n + c, for arbitrary real c ≧ 0. One expression allows us to give in closed form the [n — 1/n] Padé approximant for what is essentially Gauss' continued fraction, thus completing the theory of explicit representations of main diagonal and off-diagonal Padé approximants to the ratio of two Gaussian hypergeometric functions and their confluent forms, an effort begun in [2] and [19]. (We actually give only the [n — 1/n] Padé element, although other cases are easily constructed, see [19] for details.) We also determine the weight function for the polynomials in certain cases where there are no discrete point masses. Concerning a weight function for these polynomials, so many writers have obtained so many partial results that our formula should be considered an epitome rather than a real discovery, see the discussion in Section 3.
Simulation of heavy ion ring and shell distributions downstream of the bow shock

The behavior of heavy solar wind ions at the bow shock is studied using one-dimensional electromagnetic hybrid computer simulations. Beginning from a synchronous flow of different ion species protons and heavy ions jump to different downstream velocities. Three significant downstream regions are found: (i) Immediately downstream of the shock the differential velocity between the protons and the heavy ions generates coherent pickup of the heavy ion minor component and this region is characterized by a gyrating heavy ion beam. (ii) In the intermediate downstream region pitch-angle scattering transforms the heavy beam within a few heavy ion gyrations to a ring-like distribution in case of a quasi-perpendicular magnetic field or to a shell-like distribution in case of quasi-parallel magnetic field. (iii) In the far downstream region energy diffusion thermalizes these distributions to become Maxwellians. Though in (ii) the heavy ion distributions are unstable their contribution to the downstream magnetic wave spectrum is unimportant.
Body Size and Weight of Pill Bugs (Armadillidium vulgare) Vary between Urban Green Space Habitats

Simple Summary Urban green areas are critically important for maintaining biodiversity in urban ecosystems. The pill bug is an ecological bio-indicator of soil health that is widely distributed around the world. In this study, we studied the relationship between the characteristics of the pill bugs population and soil properties of urban green spaces. The characteristics of the population vary significantly among selected habitats. The pH and soil organic matter may be the main factors for explaining the variation in body size of pill bugs among the habitats in spring. Significant positive regressions were detected between body length and body weight. Abstract Rapid urban development poses a threat to global biodiversity. At the same time, urban green spaces offer opportunities for holding biodiversity in cities. Among biological communities, the soil fauna plays a crucial role in ecological processes but is often ignored. Understanding the effects of environmental factors on soil fauna is critical for ecological conservation in urban areas. In this study, five typical green space habitats were selected including bamboo grove, forest, garden, grassland, and wasteland in spring, for detecting the relationship between habitats and Armadillidium vulgare population characteristics in Yancheng, China. Results indicate that soil water content, pH, soil organic matter, and soil total carbon varied significantly among habitats, as well as the body length and body weight of pill bugs. The higher proportion of larger pill bugs was found in the wasteland and the lower proportion in the grassland and the bamboo grove. The body length of pill bugs was positively related to pH. Soil total carbon, soil organic matter, and the number of plant species were correlated with the body weight of pill bugs.
Gene Mutation Spectrum among Alpha-Thalassaemia Patients in Northeast Peninsular Malaysia

(1) Background: Alpha (α)-thalassaemia is a genetic disorder that affects 5% of the world population. Deletional or nondeletional mutations of one or both HBA1 and HBA2 on chromosome 16 will result in reduced production of α-globin chains, a component of haemoglobin (Hb) that is required for the formation of red blood cells (RBCs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence, haematological and molecular characterisations of α-thalassaemia. (2) Method: The parameters were based on full blood count, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The molecular analysis involved gap-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex amplification refractory mutation system-PCR, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and Sanger sequencing. (3) Results: With a total cohort of 131 patients, the prevalence of α-thalassaemia was 48.9%, leaving the remaining 51.1% with potentially undetected α gene mutations. The following genotypes were detected: -α3.7/αα (15.4%), -α4. 2/αα (3.7%), --SEA/αα (7.4%), αCSα/αα (10.3%), αAdanaα/αα (0.7%), αQuong Szeα/αα (1.5%), -α3.7/-α3.7 (0.7%), αCSα/αCSα (0.7%), -α4. 2/αCSα (0.7%), –SEA/αCSα (1.5%), –SEA/αQuong Szeα (0.7%), -α3.7/αAdanaα (0.7%), --SEA/-α3.7 (2.2%) and αCSα/αAdanaα (0.7%). Indicators such as Hb (p = 0.022), mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.009), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (p = 0.017), RBC (p = 0.038) and haematocrit (p = 0.058) showed significant changes among patients with deletional mutations, but not between patients with nondeletional mutations. (4) Conclusions: A wide range of haematological parameters was observed among patients, including those with the same genotype. Thus, a combination of molecular technologies and haematological parameters is necessary for the accurate detection of α-globin chain mutations.
New Isocoumarins from the Marine Fungus Phaeosphaeriopsis sp. WP-26

Five new isocoumarins, phaeosphaerins A–E (1–5), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine fungus Phaeosphaeriopsis sp. WP-26, along with one known isocoumarin, 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methylisocoumarin (6), and two known pimarane-type diterpenes, diaportheins A (7) and B (8). Their structures were elucidated via NMR experiments, X-ray diffraction analysis, and comparison of the experimental and computed ECD curves. Compounds 1–7 displayed weak neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, compound 8 showed cytotoxicity against BEL-7402, SGC-7901, K562, A549, and HL-60 cell lines.
Gender-specific association of blood lipids and reproductive trajectory with cognitive impairment: A community based cross-sectional study from India

Background Abnormal blood lipid levels in the general population and adverse reproductive events among women have been associated with cognitive impairment (CI). However, their relationship has not been extensively studied in community settings. Hence, this study aims to explore the association of CI with blood lipid levels in both sexes and reproductive events/trajectory among women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a North Indian rural population. A total of 808 adults were recruited through door-to-door household survey. Data on socio-demographic variables, reproductive profile of women, and cognitive impairment status were collected. Fasting blood sample was collected to estimate serum lipid profile. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to test for association. Results The study demonstrated a lack of association between lipid profile and cognitive impairment among males. Surprisingly, low HDL-C among females was found to be protective against moderate/severe cognitive impairment (value of p = 0.049). Further, menopausal women and those having five or higher live births were found to be at higher risk of CI than pre-menopausal women and those with 1–2 live births, respectively. Conclusion The present study hints toward a gender-specific association of blood lipid levels with CI. Further, higher live births and menopause appear to be important risk factors for CI among women.
Communicating identity in the Urban STEM Collaboratory: toward a communication theory of STEM identities

ABSTRACT Although jobs in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields are projected to grow at twice the rate of other professions, too many students, especially women and minoritized students, choose not to study or drop out of STEM fields, in part because they do not identify with STEM. With Communication Theory of Identity as a sensitizing framework, this study focused on a group of students who are ‘at risk’ for dropping out of STEM due to unmet financial need who are participating in a scholarship program designed both to close their financial need gap and to build their STEM identities. Based on Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews, the findings show that these students largely, but not exclusively, saw being a ‘STEM person’ as positive, but also expressed varying degrees of certainty and potential ‘identity gaps’ about their STEM identities. Enacted and relational STEM identities were of particular importance to how these students understood and experienced STEM identity. Women and minoritized students spoke of the importance of seeing and interacting with STEM people who share their social identities in developing their own STEM identities. Implications for a communication theory of STEM identities are discussed.
What Matters in a Relationship—Age, Sexual Satisfaction, Relationship Length, and Interpersonal Closeness as Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction in Young Adults

Relationship satisfaction is one of the key elements affecting overall life satisfaction. This study aimed to identify significant predictors of relationship satisfaction in young adults in a romantic relationship. The study was questionnaire-based, involving 237 young adults who were currently in a relationship. Three self-rating scales were used: CSI-32 Relationship Satisfaction Scale, Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale. Sexual satisfaction proved to be a main predictor of relationship satisfaction in both sexes. For women, interpersonal closeness was additionally important, with a sense of closeness found to be even more important than sexual satisfaction for women cohabiting with their partners. Cohabiting people are generally more satisfied with their relationship, and a higher level of closeness and applied caresses can additionally be observed in them. In contrast, the relationship length appeared to matter only for men living with their partner: they were more satisfied with the relationship at the beginning of the relationship, and then their level of satisfaction declined. Relationship satisfaction in young adults appears to be determined by other factors depending on gender and cohabitation status. Nevertheless, at this age, sexual satisfaction proves to be one of the most critical factors for a sense of relationship satisfaction.
Leonid meteor light-curve synthesis

An analytic model of dustball meteoroid ablation is developed and used to generate synthesized Leonid meteor light curves. The model light curves are compared against observational data collected during the 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001 Leonid outbursts. A power-law distribution of the form m - α is assumed for the fundamental grain mass distribution, and we find that a = 1.6 ′ 0.1 provides a good description to the typical Leonid meteor light-curve morphology, although the range 1.0 ≤ α ≤ 2.0 is required to explain the entire gamut of observed light curves. We find an interesting discordance between the light-curve morphologies derived for the 1998 and 1999 Leonid returns; the former light curves being best described by a ∼ 1.6, the latter having a ∼ 1.0 and being noticeably more rotund in shape. We suggest that the 1999 Leonid meteoroids were relatively rich in larger-mass fundamental grains. Since, however, both the 1998 and 1999 returns were composed of material ejected from comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle in 1899, it is suggested that some form of orbital 'sifting', based upon meteoroid structure, has occurred. In addition, we find evidence for the existence of dustball meteoroids that are much richer in larger-mass grains than a simple power-law model would predict. Such dustballs may be clustered assemblages produced by accretion in the near-cometary nucleus environment. We find no clear correlation between Leonid meteor light-curve morphology and streamlet age, indicating that fragmentation, 'weathering' and thermal cycling effects are apparently not important for modifying Leonid meteoroid structure on time-scales of the order of at least several hundreds of years.
Use of Microbial Fuel Cells for the Treatment of Residue Effluents Discharged from an Anaerobic Digester Treating Food Wastes

One of practical challenges in anaerobic-digestion (AD) technology is the cost-effective treatment of residue effluents containing high concentrations of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus (CNP). In order to evaluate the utility of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for treating anaerobic-digester effluents (ADEs) and generating power from them, laboratory-scale single-chamber MFCs were filled with ADE obtained from a commercial AD plant treating food wastes and thereafter operated by routinely supplying ADE at different hydraulic residence times (HRTs, 5 to 20 days). It is shown that MFCs were able to reduce not only organics in ADE but also nitrogen and phosphorus. For instance, data demonstrated that over 50% of CNP was removed in MFCs operated at an HRT of 10 days, at which the maximum power density reached over 200 mW m−2 (based on the projected area of anode). Metabarcoding of 16S rRNA genes showed that some bacteria were specifically enriched in anode biofilms, suggesting their involvement in power generation. Our study suggests that MFCs are applicable to reducing CNP in ADEs at reasonable rates, and provides subsequent work with fundamental data useful for setting targets for further developments.
Neurological Wilson’s Disease Signs—Hepatic Encephalopathy or Copper Toxicosis?

Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive (AR) disorder resulting from mutations in the ATP7B gene, which is responsible for the encryption of transmembrane copper transporting ATPase. The symptomatic presentation of the disease is estimated to be about 1 in 30,000. The impairment of ATP7B function results in a copper overload in hepatocytes, which further leads to liver pathology. This copper overload also occurs in other organs, most particularly in the brain. This could then cause the occurrence of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Symptoms differ substantially and most often occur between the ages of 5 and 35 years. Early symptoms are commonly hepatic, neurological, or psychiatric. While disease presentation is most often asymptomatic, it could also range as far as to include fulminant hepatic failure, ataxia, and cognitive disorders. Various treatments are available for Wilson’s disease, including chelation therapy and zinc salts, which can reverse copper overload through different mechanisms. In select cases, liver transplantation is recommended. New medications, such as tetrathiomolybdate salts, are currently being investigated in clinical trials. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, prognosis is favorable; however, diagnosing patients before the onset of severe symptoms is a significant concern. Early screening for WD could help in diagnosing patients earlier and improving treatment outcomes.
The Role of Phytochemicals and Plant-Based Diets in Gestational Diabetes: Evidence from Clinical Trials

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance identified during pregnancy. The increased risk of pregnancy complications and the adverse health effects for the mother and baby associated with GDM require urgent and effective ways to control the condition. The primary goal of this semi-quantitative review was to examine the effects of phytochemicals and plant-based diets on GDM in clinical studies involving women undergoing pregnancy and to summarize the findings for application in clinical practice and disease management. The articles included in this review show that intervention strategies, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds, and tea, may be beneficial in the management of GDM and lower blood glucose and improve adverse pregnancy outcomes in these women. The randomized controlled trials reviewed collectively show improved glycemic control markers, blood lipid values, and body weight and composition when supplemented with phytochemical-rich supplements and foods compared to those in the control groups. The findings support the clinical observations of lower GDM risks in women consuming plant-derived diets rich in phytochemicals. Nutrition interventions involving plant-based foods and diets are thus a practical way to reduce hyperglycemia both in patients diagnosed with GDM and those at high risk for the development of GDM.
Activity Patterns of Captive Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens)

Simple Summary We studied how captive red panda (Ailurus fulgens) spend their day at three zoos within Australasia, using video cameras, and in-person observations. The red panda in this study were active at dawn and dusk, with another period of activity around midnight. The temperature greatly affected how red panda spent their time, with more focus on resting and sleeping when temperatures were high. This preliminary study suggests environmental changes directly affect red panda behaviour. This knowledge will help inform captive facilities about husbandry and provide insight into how their wild counterparts will cope with global temperatures increasing. Abstract We studied the activity budgets of seven Ailurus fulgens, at three zoos within Australasia, using video cameras, and in-person observations. Red panda in this study followed a crepuscular activity pattern, with another short peak of activity around midnight. Ambient temperature greatly affected panda activity patterns; red panda allocated more time to resting and sleeping when temperatures increased. This preliminary study suggests how environmental factors affect captive red panda, which will help better inform captive facilities, and how this might impact their wild conspecifics.
Reconstruction of a current distribution from its magnetic field

We consider the inverse problem of reconstructing a current distribution from measurements of its magnetic field. Uniqueness issues and simulations for the reconstruction are studied. Given the magnetic field on a surface surrounding the current distribution we show that a projection of the current distribution can be reconstructed uniquely. In addition, we derive some properties of directed current distributions that reflect the properties and difficulties of the reconstruction. A Tikhonov-projection scheme complemented by an artefact-correction algorithm is employed to reconstruct the current distribution within a cuboid. By numerical examples in three dimensions we show that for measurement errors up to 1% we can detect areas of low-current density within the cuboid.
Spin-dependent interactions in quarkonia

The spin-dependent interactions in mesons are considered in detail in the framework of the field correlator method. Analytic expressions for the spin-dependent potentials in heavy and light quarkonia are derived with the QCD string moment of inertia taken into account. Recent lattice data are analyzed using these formulae, and the data are shown to be consistent with very small values of the gluonic correlation length < or approx. 0.1 fm. The field correlator and the Eichten-Feinberg definitions of the spin-dependent potentials in the lowest, Gaussian approximation for the QCD vacuum are compared with one another, and the two approaches are shown to be equivalent in the limit of a vanishing vacuum correlation length, whereas for finite values of the latter the difference between these two approaches can be explained by the contribution of the higher-order field correlators, starting from the quartic one.