Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coordinated microRNA/mRNA Expression Profiles Reveal Unique Skin Color Regulatory Mechanisms in Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus)

Simple Summary The molecular mechanisms of skin pigmentation in Andrias davidianus are not clear. In this study, we identified two albino individuals and found that Andrias davidianus had distinct regulatory mechanisms of skin pigmentation that differed from other vertebrates. The key signaling pathway and transcription factors related to melanin synthesis in other vertebrates did not play a significant role in Andrias davidianus. MITF mRNA in Andrias davidianus had a unique splicing form that was not reported in other vertebrates and a unique mutation existed in the SLC24A5 gene in albino Andrias davidianus. The results contributed to understanding the molecular mechanism of skin pigmentation in Andrias davidianus and accelerating the acquisition process of Andrias davidianus species with specific body colors by genetic means, which will help to enrich the aquaculture market of Andrias davidianus. Abstract The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) has been increasingly popular in the aquaculture market in China in recent years. In the breeding process of Andrias davidianus, we found that some albino individuals were extremely rare and could not be inherited stably, which severely limits their commercialization in the aquaculture market. In this study, we performed transcriptome and small RNA (sRNA) sequencing analyses in the skin samples of wild-type (WT) and albino (AL) Andrias davidianus. In total, among 5517 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 2911 DEGs were down-regulated in AL, including almost all the key genes involved in melanin formation. A total of 25 miRNAs were differentially expressed in AL compared to WT, of which 17 were up-regulated. Through the integrated analysis, no intersection was found between the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs and the key genes for melanin formation. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses on DEGs showed that these genes involved multiple processes relevant to melanin synthesis and the key signal pathway MAPK. Interestingly, the transcription factors SOX10 and PAX3 and the Wnt signaling pathway that play a key role in other species were not included, while the other two transcription factors in the SOX family, SOX21 and SOX7, were included. After analyzing the key genes for melanin formation, it was interesting to note an alternative splicing form of the MITF in WT and a critical mutation of the SLC24A5 gene in AL, which might be the main reason for the skin color change of Andrias davidianus. The results contributed to understanding the molecular mechanism of skin pigmentation in Andrias davidianus and accelerating the acquisition process of individuals with specific body colors by genetic means.
Estimates of Income for Small Places: An Application of James-Stein Procedures to Census Data

Abstract An adaptation of the James-Stein estimator is applied to sample estimates of income for small places (i.e., population less than 1,000) from the 1970 Census of Population and Housing. The adaptation incorporates linear regression in the context of unequal variances. Evidence is presented that the resulting estimates have smaller average error than either the sample estimates or an alternate procedure of using county averages. The new estimates for these small places now form the basis for the Census Bureau's updated estimates of per capita income for the General Revenue Sharing Program.
HIGH-LATITUDE SOLAR TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS DURING PHASES OF CHANGING MAGNETIC CYCLE AMPLITUDE

Torsional oscillations are variations of the solar differential rotation that are strongly linked to the magnetic cycle of the Sun. Helioseismic inversions have revealed significant differences in the high-latitude branch of torsional oscillations between cycle 23 and cycle 24. Here we employ a non-kinematic flux-transport dynamo model that has been used previously to study torsional oscillations and simulate the response of the high-latitude branch to a change in the amplitude of the magnetic cycle. It is found that a reduction of the cycle amplitude leads to an increase in the amplitude of differential rotation that is mostly visible as a drop in the high-latitude rotation rate. Depending on the amplitude of this adjustment the high-latitude torsional oscillation signal can become temporarily hidden due to the unknown changing mean rotation rate that is required to properly define the torsional oscillation signal.
Angular diameter measurements of cool giant stars in strong TiO bands and in the continuum

We present angular diameter measurements of 15 giant and supergiant stars in the strong TiO absorption band at 712 nm and in a continuum band at 754 nm with the MkIII long-baseline interferometer. While relatively warm giant stars (spectral types K5 III or M0 III) have identical diameters measured with the two filters, cooler stars (spectral types M3 III to M5 III) appear ∼10% larger at 712 nm than at 754 nm. This effect is even more pronounced in luminosity class I stars. It can be understood by noting that the tenuous and extended stellar atmospheres of cool stars become opaque in TiO absorption bands at a significantly larger radius than in the continuum; i.e., we measure directly the physical extension of the stellar atmospheres
Transformers for Multi-Horizon Forecasting in an Industry 4.0 Use Case

Recently, a novel approach in the field of Industry 4.0 factory operations was proposed for a new generation of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) that are connected to a virtualized programmable logic controller (PLC) via a 5G multi-access edge-computing (MEC) platform to enable remote control. However, this approach faces a critical challenge as the 5G network may encounter communication disruptions that can lead to AGV deviations and, with this, potential safety risks and workplace issues. To mitigate this problem, several works have proposed the use of fixed-horizon forecasting techniques based on deep-learning models that can anticipate AGV trajectory deviations and take corrective maneuvers accordingly. However, these methods have limited prediction flexibility for the AGV operator and are not robust against network instability. To address this limitation, this study proposes a novel approach based on multi-horizon forecasting techniques to predict the deviation of remotely controlled AGVs. As its primary contribution, the work presents two new versions of the state-of-the-art transformer architecture that are well-suited to the multi-horizon prediction problem. We conduct a comprehensive comparison between the proposed models and traditional deep-learning models, such as the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, to evaluate the performance and capabilities of the proposed models in relation to traditional deep-learning architectures. The results indicate that (i) the transformer-based models outperform LSTM in both multi-horizon and fixed-horizon scenarios, (ii) the prediction accuracy at a specific time-step of the best multi-horizon forecasting model is very close to that obtained by the best fixed-horizon forecasting model at the same step, (iii) models that use a time-sequence structure in their inputs tend to perform better in multi-horizon scenarios compared to their fixed horizon counterparts and other multi-horizon models that do not consider a time topology in their inputs, and (iv) our experiments showed that the proposed models can perform inference within the required time constraints for real-time decision making.
Material parameter identification for modelling the left ventricle in the healthy state

Engineering and the Built Environment Department of Civil Engineering Master of Science in Engineering Material Parameter Identification for Modelling the Left Ventricle in the Healthy State by Mohammed Asaad Essack An idealized truncated ellipsoidal model, was used to simulate a healthy canine left ventricle. Passive behaviour of the myocardium was modelled using the constitutive model of Usyk. In addition, active behaviour of the myocardium was modelled by the active stress law of Guccione. Furthermore, the load faced by the left ventricle in ejecting blood into the arterial system, was modelled with the three element Windkessel model of Westerhof. The model was calibrated to pressure-volume data, which was adapted from the work of Kerckhoffs. The projected Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to identify material parameters. Identification of the anisotropic constants in the model of Usyk proved to be difficult, with the calibration algorithm often converging to parameter values that produced numerical instability. The remaining parameters in the Usyk model were successfully identified and produced a good fit of the diastolic filling curve of Kerckhoffs. Calibration of active tension and Windkessel parameters, using pressuretime and volume-time data from the model of Kerckhoffs, proved to be unsuccessful, due to numerical rounding errors in the computation of the Jacobian matrices. However, an alternate approach to this calibration was developed, which compared simulated and reference pressure-volume relations, at three representative points, namely, endisovolumetric contraction, peak systolic pressure and end-ejection. Using this approach active tension and Windkessel parameters were successfully identified and a good fit of the reference systolic pressure-volume curve was achieved. Thus, passive, active tension and Windkessel parameters were identified, that produced a closed loop pressure-volume curve, even upon further refinement of the particle distribution of the model. For the refined model, left ventricular behaviour in terms of deformation, was consistent with similar ellipsoid model studies. In addition, it was observed that the distribution of the average fibre strain between start and end-ejection throughout the ventricle, was more or less physiologically homogeneous.
Biomechanical Comparison of Conventional Plate and the C-Nail® System for the Treatment of Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: A Finite Element Analysis

The C-Nail® system is a novel intramedullary fixation method for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical performance of the C-Nail® system and compare it with conventional plate fixation for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures using finite element analysis. The geometry of a Sanders type-IIB fracture was constructed using the computer-aided design software Ansys SpaceClaim. The C-Nail® system (Medin, Nové Mesto n. Morave, Czech Republic) and the calcaneal locking plate (Auxein Inc., 35 Doral, Florida) and screws were designed according to the manufacturer specifications. Vertical loading of 350 N and 700 N were applied to the subtalar joint surfaces to simulate partial weight bearing and full weight bearing. Construct stiffness, total deformation, and von Mises stress were assessed. The maximum stress on the C-Nail® system was lower compared with the plate (110 MPa vs. 360 MPa). At the bone level the stress was found to have higher values in the case of the plate compared to the C-Nail® system. The study suggests that the C-Nail® system can provide sufficient stability, making it a viable option for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.
Flow-Induced Scattering of Acoustic Modes in Slowly-Varying Ducts

Cut-on cut-off transition of acoustic modes in hard-walled ducts with irrotational mean flow is well understood, where an analysis within a boundary-layer region around the singularity of the incident mode shows that the incident mode undergoes a total reflection with a phase shift of π/2. Previous finite-element simulations of this phenomenon, however, appear to indicate the possibility of energy scattering into neighbouring modes at high Helmholtz numbers. In this paper, we attempt to explain and predict such scattering phenomena in slowly varying aeroengine ducts using a multiple-scales approach. It is found that, for sufficiently high frequencies, a mechanism exists whereby energy can be scattered into neighbouring modes by an incident propagating mode so long as there exists a mean flow inside the duct. The analysis presented here is able to obtain the corresponding transmitted and reflected amplitudes of the scattered modes as well as the overall acoustic pressure field. Moreover, the theory appears to demonstrate that some exchange of energy between the acoustic and mean flow fields occurs. Examples are presented for a duct of rectangular cross-section and the theory extends in a straightforward manner to ducts of circular and annular cross-section. © 2010 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
A Technique for Studying the Boundedness and Extendability of Certain Types of Operators

For 1 ≦ p < ∞, μ real, let L μ, p denote the collection of functions f, Lebesgue measurable on (0, ∞ ), and such that ‖ f ‖μP < ∞ , where (1.1) Also, if X and Y are Banach spaces, denote by [X, Y] the collection of bounded linear operators from X to Y; [X, X] denote by [X].
An approach to information propagation in 1-D cellular neural networks. II. Global propagation

For pt.I see P. Thiran et al., ibid., vol.45, no.8, pp.777-89 (1998). This second of two papers studies how and when a global propagation of information, introduced as initial condition, is possible through a one-dimensional (1-D) Cellular Neural Network (CNN) with connections between nearest neighbors only. We will focus on circular arrays, which have the most regular structure, we will show that periodic solutions exist, and we will compute one of them analytically. We will also study their stability.
Neutron-Capture Elements in the Early Galaxy

The content of neutron-capture (trans-iron-peak) elements in the lowmetallicity Galactic halo varies widely from star to star. The differences are both in bulk amount of the neutron-capture elements with respect to lighter ones and in element-to-element ratios among themselves. Several well-defined abundance distributions have emerged that reveal characteristic rapid and slow neutron-capture nucleosynthesis patterns. In this review we summarize these observed metal-poor star’s abundances, contrasting them with the Solar-system values, comparing them to theoretical predictions, using them to assess the types of stars responsible for their specific anomalies, and speculating on the timing and nature of early Galactic nucleosynthesis.
Reconstruction of electron beam energy spectra for vacuum and gas diodes

In this paper, the spectra of electron beams produced in vacuum and gas diodes were analyzed to study the capabilities and limitations of their reconstruction from beam attenuation in foils of different thickness. The electron energy distributions were calculated using the Tikhonov regularization for Fredholm integral equations on minimum a priori assumptions. The spectra reconstructed in the study were those of electron beams, including a supershort avalanche electron beam, produced in experiments on a DUET plasma-cathode electron accelerator and SLEP-150M accelerator.
Conceptual Change and Education: The Neglected Potential of Developmental Teaching Approaches

Research on conceptual change (CC) has revealed that students face difficulties when learning that requires significant changes to their prior knowledge. Researchers have documented the challenges in education to promote CCs and concluded that conventional teaching does not facilitate these changes. However, while designing educational methods to address CC challenges is a central aim of CC research, it is an area of research that still requires refinement. I show that developmental teaching (DT) approaches, including El’konin-Davydov’s developmental education and Gal’perin’s method of stage-by-stage formation of mental actions and concepts, are promising for addressing CC challenges but are absent from CC research literature. I first review the CC challenges revealed in CC research, the way in which three CC research trends – framework theory, ontological theory, and knowledge-in-pieces theory – interpret them, and their educational recommendations to foster CC. Next, I present CC challenges and educational recommendations to foster CC from a DT perspective. I delineate convergences and divergences between the three CC research trends and DT research concerning both educational design and theories of CC. I conclude by suggesting articulations between DT research and CC research in general and the three CC research trends in particular.
Bayesian analysis for a stress‐strength system under noninformative priors

Noninformative priors are used for estimating the reliability of a stress‐strength system. Several reference priors (cf. Berger and Bernardo 1989, 1992) are derived. A class of priors is found by matching the coverage probabilities of one‐sided Bayesian credible intervals with the corresponding frequentist coverage probabilities. It turns out that none of the reference priors is a matching prior. Sufficient conditions for propriety of posteriors under reference priors and matching priors are provided. A simple matching prior is compared with three reference priors when sample sizes are small. The study shows that the matching prior performs better than Jeffreys's prior and reference priors in meeting the target coverage probabilities.
Three chigger species (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) co-parasitizing a domestic cat in Brazil, including pathogen monitoring

ABSTRACT The ecology of chigger mites has many unknown aspects, even with several recent studies addressing the taxonomy and systematics of this group. In Brazil, the chigger species recorded coparasitizing vertebrates include opossums in the Pernambuco State, lizards and rodents in the Piauí State, and rodents in the São Paulo State. Chiggers collected on a domestic cat, Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Felidae), from Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, were sent to the Acarological Collection of Instituto Butantan (IBSP) to be identified. The species were identified as eight larvae of Eutrombicula tinami, two larvae of Parasecia valida Brennan, 1969, and two specimens of the genus Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938, which have been described here as Eutrombicula bassinii n. sp. Additionally, we amplified partial 18S rRNA gene sequences for E. tinami and E. bassinii n. sp. However, the attempts to amplify fragments of the gltA gene of Rickettsia were unsuccessful. The present study reports the coparasitism in a domesticated feline with these three species, the second record of E. tinami, the first record P. valida to the Rio Grande do Sul State, and the description of E. bassinii n. sp. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D0D6EEAB-DDB6-49F0-9651-4AFB96D4D588
Homological algebra in operator spaces with applications to harmonic analysis

A homological algebra theory is developed in the category of operator spaces which closely matches the theory developed in general algebra and its extension to the Banach space setting. Using this category, we establish several results regarding the question of classifying which ideals in the Fourier algebra of a locally compact group are complemented. Furthermore we classify the groups for which the Fourier algebra is operator bipro jective. Additionally, the notion of operator weak amenability for completely contractive Banach algebras is introduced. We then study the potential operator weak amenability for the Fourier algebra and various sub-algebras of its second dual.
Recovery of Near-Surface Velocity from Undrogued Drifters

Abstract The authors have quality controlled six global datasets of drifting buoy data, made comparisons of 15-m drogued and undrogued buoy observations, and developed a 2D linear regression model of the difference between drogued and undrogued drifter velocity as a function of wind. The data were acquired from 2334 Surface Velocity Program (SVP) drifters, including 1845 SVP drifters after they lost their drogues; 704 AN/WSQ-6 Navy drifter buoys; and 503 First Global GARP Experiment (FGGE) drifter buoys. Meridional and zonal surface wind velocity components from the global synoptic FNMOC model, the global synoptic ECMWF model, and the global synoptic NCEP model were interpolated to naval AN/WSQ-6, WOCE–TOGA buoy, or FGGE buoy positions and date/times in the datasets. Two-day mean buoy drift velocities and positions were computed: 122 101 SVP drifter mean velocities before they lost their drogues and 58 201 SVP drifter mean velocities after they lost their drogues, 21 799 Navy drifter mean velocities, and .
On the Use of Cool Materials as a Heat Island Mitigation Strategy

Abstract The mitigation of the heat island effect can be achieved by the use of cool materials that are characterized by high solar reflectance and infrared emittance values. Several types of cool materials have been tested and their optical and thermal properties reveal that these materials can be classified as “cool” with the ability to maintain lower surface temperatures. Cool materials can be used on buildings and other surfaces of the urban environment. Based on these results, a modeling study was undertaken to assess the urban heat island effect over Athens, Greece, a densely populated city, by trying to analyze the impacts of large-scale increases in surface albedo on ambient temperature. Numerical simulations were performed by the “urbanized” version of the nonhydrostatic fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5, version 3-6-1). Two scenarios of modified albedo were studied: a moderate and an extreme increase in albedo scenario. It was found that large-scale increas.
EXPECTED NUMBER OF REAL ZEROS OF

Let y1(! ),y2(! ),. ,yn(! ) be independent and normally dis- tributed random variables with mean zero and variance one. For large values of n, it is proved that the the expected number of times the random hyperbolic polynomial y1(! )sinht+y2(! )sinh2t+···+yn(! )sinhnt crosses the line y=K
Far-infrared measurements of N/O in H II regions - Evidence for enhanced CN process nucleosynthesis in the inner Galaxy

Measurements of the far-infrared lines of forbidden O III 51.8 microns, 88.4 microns, and forbidden N III 57.3 microns are presented for 13 H II regions covering a wide range in Galactocentric distance. These lines are used to measure the variation of N(2+)/O(2+) with Galactic radius from the center out to 12 kpc. It is argued that this ratio is indicative of the elemental ratio N/O. It is shown that the line flux ratio 57.3 microns forbidden N III/51.7 microns forbidden O III is nearly equal to the N(2+)/O(2+) abundance ratio and is only weakly dependent on nebular conditions. The derived N(2+)/O(2+) values show an inverse correlation with distance from the Galactic center. N(2+)/O(2+) tends to increase as the H II region electron temperature decreases, a behavior consistent with a model of Galactic enrichment in which N-14 is secondary to primary O-16, a scenario that is the natural result of CN processing. 72 references.