Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eulerian and Lagrangian aspects of surface waves

Surface waves can be recorded in two kinds of ways, either with a fixed (Eulerian) probe or with a free-floating (Lagrangian) buoy. In steep waves, the differences between corresponding properties can be very marked. By a simple physical model and by accurate calculation it is shown that the Lagrangian wave period may differ from the Eulerian wave period by as much as 38 %. The Lagrangian mean level is also higher than the Eulerian mean, leading to possible discrepancies in remote sensing of the ocean from satellites. Surface accelerations are of interest in relation to the incidence of breaking waves, and for interactions between short (gravity or capillary) waves and longer gravity waves. Eulerian accelerations tend to be very non-sinusoidal, with large downwards peaks, sometimes exceeding - g in magnitude, near to sharp wave crests. Lagrangian accelerations are much smoother; for uniform gravity waves they lie between −0.388g and +0.315g. These values are verified by laboratory experiments. In wind-generated waves the limits are probably wider. In progressive gravity waves in deep water the horizontal accelerations generally exceed the vertical accelerations. In steep waves, the subsurface accelerations can slightly exceed those at the free surface. A novel application is made to the rolling motion of ships. In very steep, irrotational waves it is shown theoretically that the flow near the wave crest can lead to the rotation of the hull through angles up to 120° by a single wave, even if the wave is not breaking. This is confirmed by simple experiments. The efficiency of the keel appears to promote capsizing.
Effect of rib angle on local heat/mass transfer distribution in a two-pass rib-roughened channel

The heat transfer characteristics of turbulent air flow in a two-pass channel were studied via the naphthalene sublimation technique. The test section, which consisted of two straight, square channels joined by a sharp 180 deg turn, resembled the internal cooling passages of gas turbine airfoils. The top and bottom surfaces of the test channel were roughened by rib turbulators. The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e /D) was 0.063 and the rib pitch-to-height ratio (P /e) was 10. The local heat/mass transfer coefficients on the roughened top wall, and on the smooth divider and side walls of the test channel, were determined for three Reynolds numbers of 15,000, 30,000, and 60,000, and for three angles of attack (α) of 90, 60, and 45 deg. The results showed that the local Sherwood numbers on the ribbed walls were 1.5 to 6.5 times those for a fully developed flow in a smooth square duct. The average ribbed-wall Sherwood numbers were 2.5 to 3.5 times higher than the fully developed values, depending on the rib angle-of-attack and the Reynolds number. The results also indicated that, before the turn, the heat/mass transfer coefficients in the cases of α = 60 and 45 deg were higher than those in the case of α = 90 deg. However, after the turn, the heat/mass transfer coefficients in the oblique-rib cases were lower than those in the traverse-rib case. Correlations for the average Sherwood number ratios for individual channel surfaces and for the overall Sherwood number ratios are reported.
CCD Sounding Rocket Observation of the High-Latitude Soft X-Ray Background

Results of a charge coupled device (CCD) sounding rocket observation (36.092UH, 1995 May) of the X-ray background between 0.3 and 10 keV are presented. The target for the 36.092UH flight was a high-latitude region of the X-ray background centered at l = 96. °3, b = +48. °1 toward the constellation Draco. CCD spectra obtained from this observation were fitted independently and simultaneously to a PSPC spectrum obtained from a nearby ROSAT field (RP 70137). Above 1 keV, the high-latitude CCD data are well fitted by a single absorbed 9.5E-1.4 power law. Below 1 keV, CCD and PSPC data are fitted equally well by the addition of a cosmic abundance thermal plasma (kT = 0.14 keV) or by a thermal bremstrahhlung component plus an O VII line at 0.574 keV.
Concordance of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Factors among Older Married Couples in China

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases which affects mainly middle-aged and older adults, resulting in a considerable disease burden. Evidence of concordance on NAFLD and lifestyle factors within older married couples in China is limited. This study aimed to evaluate spousal concordance regarding lifestyle factors and NAFLD among older Chinese couples. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from 58,122 married couples aged 65 years and over recruited from Shenzhen, China during 2018–2020. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the reciprocal associations in NAFLD within couples after incremental adjustment for potential confounders. Results: There was a marked concordance regarding NAFLD among older married couples in our study. After adjustment for confounders, the odds of having NAFLD were significantly related to the person’s spouse also having NAFLD (1.84 times higher in husbands and 1.79 times higher in wives). The spousal concordance of NAFLD was similar, irrespective of gender. Couples with both a higher educational level and abdominal obesity were more likely to have a concordance of NAFLD compared to couples with both a lower educational level and no abdominal obesity, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that health care professionals should bear in mind the marked spousal concordance with respect to risk factors and NAFLD for the prevention and early detection of the highly prevalent disease in older Chinese adults.
Crystal and electronic structure of superhard BC 5 : First-principles structural optimizations

A thermodynamically stable $I\overline{4}m2$ phase of superhard ${\text{BC}}_{5}$ was predicted from exhaustive structural searches combined with first-principles structural optimizations. From the computed bulk and shear moduli, this phase is expected to be harder than the recently synthesized ${\text{BC}}_{5}$ with the diamond structure. The stability and strength are attributed to multicenter B-C-B interactions when two B atoms are linked through a common C atom. The $I\overline{4}m2$ phase is metallic and superconducting with an estimated superconducting critical temperature $({T}_{c})$ of 47 K. Another candidate structure with $P\overline{1}$ symmetry was obtained and this fits well to the reported x-ray diffraction pattern. B atoms in the $P\overline{1}$ structure are not linked together by C atoms which yields higher energy. $P\overline{1}$ and $I\overline{4}m2$ structures have almost identical predicted hardness.
Benchmarking Malaysian Government-Linked Companies’ Corporate Governance and Sustainable Development Goals Performance with Public Companies of Developed Countries

Purpose: This study examines the impact of Corporate Governance (CG) and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) practices on the financial market and company performances of public sector companies in Malaysia, benchmarking against the public listed countries in United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Singapore. The benchmarking is done between a developing country against four developed countries. Design/Methodology/Approach: Panel data regression is adopted for methodology, and the research timeframe is 2017 to 2021. Eight-panel data models, which are stock return, volatility, investor sentiment, profitability, liquidity, solvency, financial efficiency and repayment capacity models are selected. Findings: The result shows that board responsibilities, remuneration, audit committee, risk management and internal control, engagement with stakeholders and conduct of general meetings are the CG variables to affect the financial market and company performance. SDG 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16 and 17 are significant to the financial market and company performance. Originality/Value: The result of this study contributes to policymakers, regulators and practitioners in identifying the best CG and SDG practices that can help the Malaysian GLCs to gain better financial performance. The results assist the Malaysian government in understanding the gap between CG and SDG practices compared to developed countries and advocate the Malaysian companies to adopt better practices. Keywords: Corporate governance, sustainability, financial market, performance, GLC.
Interactions between a Barotropic Vortex and an Idealized Subtropical Ridge. Part II: Structure Changes

Abstract The interactions between a barotropic vortex and an idealized subtropical ridge environment on a beta plane are examined and compared to the well-documented case of a single vortex with no environmental flow. First, the problems and advantages of several potential partitioning methods are discussed and then a three-part partition is chosen. Substantial variations are found from the single vortex case. In particular, the familiar gyres associated with the propagation of a single vortex are markedly distorted and relocated by the environment. A vorticity budget is presented to help isolate the physical mechanisms. This analysis indicates that the major processes are associated with interactions with the gradients of absolute vorticity in the environment. Other nonlinear mechanisms can also be of significance in specific cases.
Are wide pre-main-sequence binaries coeval?

We have observed a sample of 39 wide (projected separations 400-6000 AU) pre-main-sequence binary pairs spectroscopically and with optical and near-infrared images. The observations enable us to place 26 of the pairs in an H-R diagram and to determine masses and ages of the primary and secondary according to three sets of pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks. In two-thirds of the cases the primary and secondary lie along the same isochrone to within the observational errors. However, real age differences appear for about one-third of our sample pairs-there is no set of nonintersecting theoretical isochrones that can make the primary and secondary have the same age for all pairs in our sample. In the cases where there are significant age differences between the component stars, the less massive star is usually younger than the more massive star. There is no correlation of the age differences with the presence or absence of accretion disks around the young stars. Hence, while disk accretion may affect the evolutionary tracks of the pre-main-sequence stars H-R diagram, we see no clear evidence of this effect among the pairs in our sample. The age differences also do not depend systematically on the apparent separation, the mass ratio, or the ages of stars.
Long-term flux density variations of pulsars: Theoretical structure functions and comparisons with observations

By means of the refractive interstellar scintillation theory (RISS), the flux density structure functions of PSRs B1642-03, B0736-40, B0740-28 and B0329+54 are calculated and compared with the observations at 610 MHz by Stinebring et al. (2000, hereafter S2000). The theoretical results are in good agreement with observations and the spectra of the electron density fluctuation are all consistent with the Kolmogorov spectra. The theoretical modulation indices m are comparatively less sensitive to the distance H from the observer to the scattering screen but critically depend on the scattering strength $\overline{C_{N}^{2}}$. The structure function does not change remarkably with the variation of H if the scattering screen is closer to the pulsar than to the observer. The results in this paper indicate that the flux density variations observed for these four pulsars are due to a propagation effect (refractive scintillation), not to the intrinsic variability.
The Remarkable Boron-depleted, Lithium-normal Population II Star HD 160617

We present results of an analysis of the boron spectral region (2500 Å) in the metal-poor star HD 160617, observed with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph of the Hubble Space Telescope. HD 160617 has a metallicity of [Fe/H] ≈ -1.8, a Teff ≈ 5900 K, and a log g ≈ 3.5. Its Li abundance is the normal, primordial "Spite plateau" value log ϵ(Li) ≈ 2.2. The spectrum synthesis indicates that the boron abundance of this star is ≈ 0.5 dex below that of other stars of similar metallicity (see, e.g., Duncan et al. and García-Lopez et al.). Differential comparison with slightly more and less metal-poor stars confirms the underabundance of boron; Be is also likely depleted. This is the only known case of a star with normal Li and depleted B. Since nuclear destruction occurs at lower temperatures for Li than for Be or B, no known destruction mechanism can account for this star. Rather, the abundance may be evidence that inhomogeneities were present in the gas from which stars of these metallicities formed. If so, it provides evidence of significant inhomogeneities in the halo at relatively late stages of its formation. If Be is also slightly depleted, then the star might have formed out of gas with a low initial amount of Be and B, which is consistent with the recent theories suggesting that (isolated) regions of massive star supernovae are the most important production sites of the light elements (Ramaty et al.). A less likely possibility is that this star might indicate the presence of a change of slope in the [B] versus [Fe] trend during this epoch of halo formation.
Perspectives in Fluid Dynamics: A Collective Introduction to Current Research

Preface 1. Interfacial fluid dynamics Stephen Davis 2. Viscous fingering as an archetype for growth patterns Yves Couder 3. Blood flow in arteries and veins Tim Pedley 4. Open shear flow instabilities Patrick Huerre 5. Turbulence Javier Jimenez 6. Convection in the environment Paul Linden 7. Reflections on magnetohydrodynamics Keith Moffatt 8. Solidification of fluids Grae Worster 9. Geological fluid mechanics Herbert Huppert 10. The dynamic ocean Chris Garrett 11. On global-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulations Michael McIntyre Index.
Situating platform gig economy in the formal subsumption of reproductive labor: Transnational migrant domestic workers and the continuum of exploitation and precarity

In conversation with critical platform and labor studies, which tend to focus on drivers and food delivery workers, this article seeks to expand our understanding of the platform gig economy from the perspective of reproductive labor and migrant domestic workers. The exploitation of women’s unpaid and low-paid reproductive work has persisted throughout various stages of capitalist development. Migrant domestic workers’ underpaid reproductive labor becomes an essential site for primitive capital accumulation and the production of the labor force in the contemporary neoliberal global economy. Building upon analyses of the historical and contemporary circumstances of transnational migrant domestic workers in Canada, I argue that digital labor platforms become a technology-enabled, capital-driven force in the larger commodification and exploitation process of migrant workers’ reproductive labor, and such processes are underpinned by entangled structural and institutional forces of the uneven capitalist development, racism, patriarchy, and the state’s discriminatory (im)migration and labor policies. The article suggests that understanding the seeming prevalence of platform work should be situated in the continuous formal subsumption of reproductive labor and the class immobility of migrant domestic workers, and labor activism and movements should contest the entwined power dominations beyond merely demanding regulations over platforms.
Survey of Zoonotic Diarrheagenic Protist and Hepatitis E Virus in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) of Portugal

Simple Summary Enteropathogenic viruses, such as hepatitis E virus, and diarrhoeagenic protists have been frequently reported in swine and can infect a wide range of mammals, including humans. Data on their fecal shedding and circulation pathways are still lacking or incomplete. Hence, the aim of the present study was to characterize the presence of microeukaryotes and HEV in the wild boar of Portugal. Of the 144 samples tested, 2 showed the presence of Cryptosporidium scrofarum, 21 Balantioides coli, 42 Blastocystis ST5, and 4 HEV genotype 3. The present work shows that potentially zoonotic protozoa and HEV are circulating in wild boar populations in Portugal. Abstract Enteropathogenic parasites and viruses have been frequently reported in swine and can infect a wide range of mammals, including humans. Among the wide variety of parasites infecting swine, diarrhoeagenic protists are among those that cause significant morbidity. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has also been reported both in domestic pigs and wild boar and is known to have an important public health significance. These agents share the fecal–oral transmission route, but data on their fecal shedding and circulation pathways are still lacking or incomplete. Hence, the aim of the present study was to characterize the presence of microeukaryotes and HEV in the wild boar of Portugal. Wild boar stool samples (n = 144) were obtained during the official hunting seasons (October to February) in 2018/2019, 2019/2020, and 2021/2022 and tested for Cryptosporidium spp. , Balantioides coli, Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis sp. , Enterocytozoon bieneusi and HEV by molecular assays, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We have detected Cryptosporidium scrofarum (1.4%, 95% CI: 0.2–4.9), B. coli (14.6%, 95% CI: 9.2–21.4), Blastocystis ST5 (29.2%, 95% CI: 21.9–37.2) and HEV genotype 3 (2.8%, 95% CI: 0.7–6.9; subgenotypes 3e and 3m). Co-infections were observed in thirteen animals where two were positive for both HEV and B. coli, one was positive for both C. scrofarum and Blastocystis ST5, and ten were positive for both B. coli and Blastocystis ST5. Giardia duodenalis and E. bieneusi were not detected in the surveyed wild boar population. As far as we know, this is the first report describing protist infections by Cryptosporidium spp. , B. coli, and Blastocystis sp. , as well as the first identification of the emerging HEV genotype 3m in wild boar of Portugal. The present work shows that potentially zoonotic protozoa and HEV are circulating in wild boar populations in Portugal. Awareness and epidemic-surveillance network implementation measures targeting wild boar are needed to prevent the spread of these pathogenic agents to humans.
Coronary artery calcium mass measurement based on integrated intensity and volume fraction techniques

Abstract. Purpose Agatston scoring does not detect all the calcium present in computed tomography scans of the heart. A technique that removes the need for thresholding and quantifies calcium mass more accurately and reproducibly is needed. Approach Integrated intensity and volume fraction techniques were evaluated for accurate quantification of calcium mass. Integrated intensity calcium mass, volume fraction calcium mass, Agatston scoring, and spatially weighted calcium scoring were compared with known calcium mass in simulated and physical phantoms. The simulation was created to match a 320-slice CT scanner. Fat rings were added to the simulated phantoms, which resulted in small (30 × 20 cm2), medium (35 × 25 cm2), and large (40 × 30 cm2) phantoms. Three calcification inserts of different diameters and hydroxyapatite densities were placed within the phantoms. All the calcium mass measurements were repeated across different beam energies, patient sizes, insert sizes, and densities. Physical phantom images from a previously reported study were then used to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of the techniques. Results Both integrated intensity calcium mass and volume fraction calcium mass yielded lower root mean squared error (RMSE) and deviation (RMSD) values than Agatston scoring in all the measurements in the simulated phantoms. Specifically, integrated calcium mass (RMSE: 0.49 mg, RMSD: 0.49 mg) and volume fraction calcium mass (RMSE: 0.58 mg, RMSD: 0.57 mg) were more accurate for the low-density stationary calcium measurements than Agatston scoring (RMSE: 3.70 mg, RMSD: 2.30 mg). Similarly, integrated calcium mass (15.74%) and volume fraction calcium mass (20.37%) had fewer false-negative (CAC = 0) measurements than Agatston scoring (75.00%) and spatially weighted calcium scoring (26.85%), on the low-density stationary calcium measurements. Conclusion The integrated calcium mass and volume fraction calcium mass techniques can potentially improve risk stratification for patients undergoing calcium scoring and further improve risk assessment compared with Agatston scoring.
Mental health services implementation in Colombia–A systematic review

Colombia's mental health services have a complex history shaped by 60 years of armed conflict, a predominantly clinical approach to mental health, and social factors such as inequities and stigma. The 1990 Caracas declaration proposed a shift towards decentralised community mental health services and interventions based on the recovery approach and emphasis on social determinants of mental health in the Americas. Colombia has adopted these approaches in its legal and practical framework in recent years, but implementation has been uneven. This systematic review aims to contribute to mental health services understanding in Colombia by reviewing published studies about mental health services and interventions. A search was conducted to explore peer-reviewed studies on Colombian mental health services across five databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo and BVS [Biblioteca Virtual de Salud in Spanish]) on papers published in the last ten years and without language restrictions. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to structure the analysis and identify barriers and facilitators during the implementation of mental health services. We adapted the CFIR to attend to gender, race and age informed by the Socio-Political Economy of Global Mental Health framework, given the importance of these factors to the Colombian health landscape. 1 530 records were identified, and 12 articles met all inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. 8 papers described substance use disorders services, 11 involved multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, and 7 were implemented at a local scale. The primary barriers to implementation were the lack of coordination, high workloads, and low funding. Facilitators included the use of protocols, and the involvement of communities, stakeholders, users, and external champions. Findings suggest the continued importance of community and recovery approaches and efforts to improve coordination between multi-sector actors involved in the mental health spaces (e.g., public, and private organisations, users and their families).