Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mock jurors’ perceptions of a child witness: the impact of the presence and/or intervention of a registered intermediary during cross-examination

ABSTRACT In recent years Registered Intermediaries (RIs) have been involved in facilitating communication in children's investigative interviews and trial proceedings. Their presence and interventions are generally deemed to have a positive impact on child engagement, but their impact on jury appraisal of evidence, during cross-examination is unclear. This study addressed this issue in a more ecologically valid context than that previously used. Adult mock juror participants (N = 217) watched a video-recording of a mock cross-examination of a child witness in which a RI was present or absent, and in which RI type interventions were either included or omitted. The participants rated the quality of the cross-examination and the child's responses in relation to child credibility, child understanding, legal professional's behaviour, and trial progression. Findings indicated that RI presence or absence, and inclusion or omission of interventions had no effect on mock juror ratings. However, an interaction between these variables demonstrated that mock jurors rated trial progression towards a guilty verdict according to which court professional did, or did, not intervene. The findings also demonstrated that mock jurors based their assessment of trial progression towards a guilty verdict on the evidence presented, and that child understanding per se was irrelevant.
A multi-timestep noise reduction method for measuring velocity statistics from particle tracking velocimetry

We present a method to improve the accuracy of velocity measurements for fluid flow or particles immersed in it, based on a multi-time-step approach that allows for cancellation of noise in the velocity measurements. Improved velocity statistics, a critical element in turbulent flow measurements, can be computed from the combination of the velocity moments computed using standard particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) or particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques for data sets that have been collected over different values of time intervals between images. This method produces Eulerian velocity fields and Lagrangian velocity statistics with much lower noise levels compared to standard PIV or PTV measurements, without the need of filtering and/or windowing. Particle displacement between two frames is computed for multiple different time-step values between frames in a canonical experiment of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The second order velocity structure function of the flow is computed with the new method and compared to results from traditional measurement techniques in the literature. Increased accuracy is also demonstrated by comparing the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy measured from this function against previously validated measurements.
Identifying Financial Constraints from Production Data

Farre-Mensa and Ljungqvist (2016, RFS) argue that the widely used measures of financial constraints fail to measure financial constraints. We propose a new methodology to recover firm-year level financial constraints from firms' production behavior. In particular, we measure financial constraints as the profitability that firms forgo when binding constraints on input costs impede them from using the optimal level of production inputs and technology. We validate our measure using a unique dataset combining firms' balance sheets from 2005 to 2015 in five Euro Area countries with survey information on firms' self-reported financial constraints, such as actual loan rejections or discouragement. Further, we show that our measure recovers the country-specific trends of financial constraints during the financial crisis and the sovereign debt crisis, and correlates only weakly with the three most popular indices of financial constraints.
Right‐lateral displacements and the Holocene slip rate associated with prehistoric earthquakes along the Southern Panamint Valley Fault Zone: Implications for southern Basin and Range tectonics and Coastal California deformation

The N20°W-trending Panamint Valley fault zone is linked to the N60°W-trending Hunter Mountain strike-slip fault and the Saline Valley fault system, which represents one of the three major fault systems accommodating active crustal extension in the southern Great Basin. A 25 km-long zone of fault scarps along the southern Panamint valley fault zone is recognized as the surface rupture zone associated with the most recent prehistoric earthquake. The displacement associated with the most recent event, determined through six detailed topographic maps of offset features, is 3.2±0.5 m, and a number of larger offsets, in range of 6–7 m and 12 m, are also observed. If the larger displacements represent, respectively, two and three events, each of ∼3 m, then the fault zone appears to be associated with a characteristic earthquake, which we estimate from the length of the rupture zone and the displacement to be between (Ms) 6.5 and 7.2. The Holocene slip rate is 2.36±0.79 mm/yr, is determined from the displacement of two alluvial features whose maximum age is estimated from pluvial shorelines. Assuming a characteristic earthquake model, the recurrence interval is between 860 and 2360 years. The Holocene slip rate appears to be similar to the 4 million year slip rate of 2–2.7 mm/yr (determined from the Hunter Mountain fault), which we suggest reflects the relatively constant tectonics in this region over the last 4 million years. We further speculate that this supports the San Andreas discrepancy in that the Holocene slip rate of the San Andreas fault probably represents its very-long term (several Ma) slip rate. The total slip vector of the southern Panamint Valley fault system is oriented toward ∼N35°W, making this a predominantly strike-slip fault. In conjunction with the N60°W orientation of the Hunter mountain strike-slip fault, we suggest that the displacement vector for the southern Great Basin is toward the NW, consistent with results from VLBI data, rather than WNW as determined by combining VLBI and geological data. This in turn suggests that the coastal California deformation component involves, respectively, less shortening and more strike-slip displacement perpendicular and parallel to the San Andreas fault than is currently proposed.
Modeling outer-zone relativistic electron response to whistler-mode chorus activity during substorms

Understanding the behavior of relativistic electrons in the Earth’s outer radiation belt during substorms and storms is a current challenge in magnetospheric physics. In this paper, we model energetic electron 5uxes at L = 5 during the course of three events using wave and particle data from the Combined Release and Radiation E9ects Satellite (CRRES). The events comprise a strong magnetic storm with low levels of substorm and chorus wave activity; a moderate storm with enhanced levels of substorm and chorus activity during the recovery phase; and enhanced substorm and chorus activity in the absence of a signi;cant storm signature. Relativistic electron 5ux enhancements are observed to occur during these events only when substorm and chorus activity are enhanced. We formulate a model kinetic equation for the electron energy distribution incorporating electron acceleration by stochastic gyroresonance with whistler-mode chorus, and electron loss by precipitation due to pitch-angle scattering by plasma waves. The model solutions are found to match reasonably well the CRRES data pro;les of the electron di9erential 5ux for each event. We conclude that, not only for the events considered but in general, enhanced whistler-mode chorus waves generated during prolonged substorm activity can generate relativistic electron 5ux increases in the outer radiation zone, whether in the presence or absence of a magnetic storm. We further expect that stochastic acceleration by gyroresonant electron–whistler mode wave interaction could be an important mechanism for generating relativistic electrons during high-intensity long-duration continuous AE activity (HILDCAA) events. c © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The lower exosphere of Titan: Energetic neutral atoms absorption and imaging

The Saturn magnetosphere interacts with the Titan atmosphere through various mechanisms. One of them leads, by charge exchange reactions between the energetic Saturnian ions and the exospheric neutrals of Titan, to the production of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). The Ion and Neutral Camera (INCA), one of the three sensors that comprise the Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini/Huygens mission to Saturn and Titan, images the ENA emissions in the Saturnian magnetosphere. This study focuses on the ENA imaging of Titan (for 20–50 keV H ENAs), with the example of the Ta Titan flyby (26 October 2004): our objective is to understand the positioning of the ENA halo observed around Titan. Thus we investigate the main ENA loss mechanisms, such as the finite gyroradii effects for the parent ions, or the charge stripping with exospheric neutrals. We show that multiple stripping and charge exchange reactions have to be taken into account to understand the ENA dynamics. The use of an analytical approach, taking into account these reactions, combined with a reprocessing of the INCA data, allows us to reproduce the ENA images of the Ta flyby and indicates a lower limit for ENA emission around the exobase. However, the dynamics of energetic particles through the Titan atmosphere remains complex, with an inconsistency between the ENA imaging at low and high altitudes.
Financial frictions and robust monetary policy in the models of New Keynesian framework

In this paper I study how financial frictions affect robustness of monetary policy in DSGE models in the case of model uncertainty. The types of frictions I consider are financial accelerator and collateral constraints. Modeling monetary policy in terms of optimal interest rate rules, I find that welfare-maximizing policies for the models with financial frictions are robust to model uncertainty. Policy rule optimal for the basic New Keynesian model is not robust. Thereby I show that when there is uncertainty about what type of frictions is at work, a policymaker exposes economy to risks of significant welfare losses by using a reference model without frictions as economy representation. Using fault tolerance approach I find that modified policy rule optimal for the basic New Keynesian model is robust when it allows to respond to fluctuations in output.
A revised analysis of micron‐sized particles detected near Saturn by the Voyager 2 plasma wave instrument

The impulsive noise that the plasma wave and radio astronomy instruments detected during the Voyager 2 swing by Saturn was attributed to dust grains striking the spacecraft. This report presents a reanalysis of the dust impacts recorded by the plasma wave instrument using an improved model for the response of the electric antenna to dust impacts. The fundamental assumption used in this analysis is that the voltage induced on the antenna is proportional to the mass of the impacting grain. Using the above assumption and the antenna response constants used at Uranus and Neptune, the following conclusions can be reached. The primary dust distribution consists of a “disk” of particles that coincides with the equator plane and has a north-south thickness of 2Δz = 962 km. A less dense “halo” with a north-south thickness of 2Δz = 3376 km surrounds the primary distribution. The dust particle sizes are of the order of 10 µm, assuming a mass density of 1 g/cm³. The corresponding particle masses are of the order of 10−9 g, and maximum number densities are of the order of 10−2 m−3. Most likely, the G ring is the dominate source since the particles were observed very close to that ring, namely at 2.86 RS. Other sources, like nearby moons, are not ruled out especially when perturbations due to electromagnetic forces are included. The calculated optical depth differs by about a factor of 2 from photometric studies. The current particle masses, radii, and the effective north-south thickness of the particle distribution are larger than what Gurnett et al. (1983) reported by about 2, 1, and 1 orders of magnitude, respectively. This is attributed to the fact that the collection coefficient used in this study is smaller than what was used in Gurnett et al.'s earlier publication.
ect of hydrocortisone administration on intertemporal choice ☆

Intertemporal choices – decisions involving trade-offs of outcomes at different points in time – are often made under stress. Stress activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in the release of corticosteroids. Recent studies provide evidence that corticosteroids can induce rapid non-genomic effects focused on immediate resolution of the stressful situation, followed by slower genomic effects focused on longterm recovery after stress. It remains unknown, however, how corticosteroids affect intertemporal choice. We randomly assigned healthy men to receive either 10mg hydrocortisone or a placebo before measuring intertemporal choice. To target time-dependent effects, hydrocortisone was administered either 195 or 15min before choice elicitation, while a placebo was administered at the other timepoint, in a double-blind design. Intertemporal choices were elicited by offering subjects decisions between small rewards available sooner vs. large rewards available later. We demonstrate a time-dependent effect of hydrocortisone administration on intertemporal choice: when tested 15min after hydrocortisone administration, subjects showed a strongly increased preference for the small, soon reward over the larger, delayed reward. In contrast, this effect was not found when testing occurred 195min after hydrocortisone administration. Together, these results suggest that the physiological effects of acute, but not delayed, stress may increase temporal discounting.
A psychotherapy researcher's perspective on therapist self-awareness and self-focused attention after a decade of research

Abstract In this Early Career Award paper, the interplay between quantitative and qualitative approaches to self-awareness in the psychotherapy literature is described. In addition, the linkages between therapist self-awareness and self-focused attention discussed in the cognitive and social psychology literatures are also addressed. Contradictory sets of findings are examined; for example, momentary states of therapist self-awareness have at times been associated with anxiety or poor performance and at other times with positive interpersonal processes and client perceptions. Some of the studies on the management of distracting self-awareness are also reviewed, and suggestions for future research in the areas of mindfulness, attentional flexibility, and the person of the therapist are provided.
Towards Sustainability in Viral Marketing with User Engaging Supporting Campaigns

While viral marketing has captured substantial academic and professional interest, the processes that underpin successful viral marketing campaigns remain poorly understood. High competition and pressure for successful campaigns lead to strategies based on persuasion, unsolicited messages, and other techniques that negatively affect brand perception. The need for more sustainable strategies with a limited negative impact on web users is observed. Therefore, the current study examines the effectiveness of viral marketing and a supporting campaign, where the main goal was to increase user engagement and overall campaign performance. Supporting campaigns were evaluated, to determine whether they enhanced viral activity, but without the need for high persuasion or intrusive techniques. Results showed that supporting actions could be integrated with lower performing campaigns to increase their effectiveness. Apart from the main scientific goal that is presented, the study demonstrates how virtual worlds can provide a laboratory-like environment for identifying the processes that underpin viral marketing.
Effects of Acute and Chronic Nitrite Exposure on Rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus Growth, Hematological Parameters, and Gill Histology

Nitrite is toxic to fishes and is often encountered in recirculation aquaculture systems. Accordingly, the nitrite tolerance of potential aquaculture candidates needs to be assessed before the fish can be farmed in land-based recirculation systems. In the present work, we studied the susceptibility of the marbled rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus to nitrite. In the first experiment, we placed fish at 0, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130 mg l-1 NO2-N and evaluated 96 h LC50. In the second experiment we measured survival and growth of fish reared at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg l-1 NO2-N for eight weeks. Blood parameters of fish in the various treatments were also measured and gill histology studied. Finally, methemoglobinemia in fish reared at various nitrite conditions was assessed. The NO2-N 96 h LC50 of S. rivulatus juveniles was 105 mg l-1. In the growth experiment, fish mortality was greater than in the control at NO2-N concentrations 30 mg l-1 and greater. Growth in all treatments was less than in the control but there were no significant differences among treatments. Aqueous nitrite affected various hematological parameters such as hematocrit and total hemoglobin. Compared to other aquacultured marine fishes, the marbled rabbitfish is considered tolerant to environmental nitrite.
Mendeley

Unfortunately, as the world of scholarly publishing and new knowledge expands, it becomes increasingly complicated to properly notate and cite sources. With multiple citation styles from which to choose (all of which change and update frequently) and a bevy of emerging rules to accommodate various forms of electronic media and information, citing practices can be cumbersome, even for librarians. What about our students and patrons? How do we help them keep up? The sites and resources described in this column all facilitate citation management—the creation of proper citations and the housing and maintenance of related files and data. Although the primary goal of this column is to promote Internet resources, especially those without fees, it was important to include reviews of EndNote and RefWorks as they are so widely used in libraries. It is hoped that when they are showcased alongside other Internet based resources, public service librarians will be able to make informed choices about which tools to try out, use and demonstrate to patrons. The same argument can be made for the one review below in which the resource is not recommended; with an increasing number of free citation management tools emerging and all touting success, it can be helpful to learn about the ones that do not live up their promises so that attention can be paid to the ones that do. The Public Services Quarterly Internet Resources Column is designed to highlight resources librarians can use to increase their awareness, augment their skills, and provided better services to their patrons. While strengths and weaknesses of each site are included in these reviews, the sites chosen are recommended or highly recommended for use by academic librarians. All of these sites are listed and easily accessible from http://psqInternet.
DEBT, FOLKLORE, AND CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES IN FINANCIAL STRUCTURE

Conventional wisdom has long held that, in relationship-based economies such as Japan and Germany, corporations are able to borrow more than U.S. companies, which in turn reduces their cost of capital and gives them a competitive edge. But such folklore does not stand up to scrutiny. In Japan and Germany, large businesses do not borrow more than U.S. companies-and, in fact, judging from coverage ratios, German companies (as well as U.K. companies) seem to borrow considerably less than their international competitors. 1998 Morgan Stanley.
The experimental plan for cryogenic layered target implosions on the National Ignition Facility--The inertial confinement approach to fusion

Ignition requires precisely controlled, high convergence implosions to assemble a dense shell of deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel with ρR>∼1 g/cm2 surrounding a 10 keV hot spot with ρR ∼ 0.3 g/cm2. A working definition of ignition has been a yield of ∼1 MJ. At this yield the α-particle energy deposited in the fuel would have been ∼200 kJ, which is already ∼10 × more than the kinetic energy of a typical implosion. The National Ignition Campaign includes low yield implosions with dudded fuel layers to study and optimize the hydrodynamic assembly of the fuel in a diagnostics rich environment. The fuel is a mixture of tritium-hydrogen-deuterium (THD) with a density equivalent to DT. The fraction of D can be adjusted to control the neutron yield. Yields of ∼1014−15 14 MeV (primary) neutrons are adequate to diagnose the hot spot as well as the dense fuel properties via down scattering of the primary neutrons. X-ray imaging diagnostics can function in this low yield environment providing additional information about .
CALCIUM SPRAYS WERE NOT ALWAYS NEEDED TO IMPROVE FRUIT QUALITY OF ‘ GALA ’ APPLES IN BRAZIL

Calcium sprays have normally improved both the quality and the storage life of apples throughout the world because Ca helps to prevent many fruit disorders and that taken up from the soil does not often reach the fruit in adequate amounts. Since the efficacy of Ca sprays varies according to soil, apple cultivar, and weather conditions, this study was carried out from 1998 to 2004, in the Southern of Brazil, in order to assess the effect of Ca sprays on the quality and storability of ‘Gala’ fruits. The experiment was set up in an orchard planted in 1988, on a density of 1234 trees/ha. Treatments consisted of 0, 4, 8, and 12 annual sprays of 0.5% CaCl 2 regularly distributed 30 days after petal fall until one week before harvest. Fruits of the same size and maturity level were annually analyzed at harvest and after five months of conventional cold storage (–1C and 90-95% of RH). In five out of six seasons, fruits from all treatments were free of any physiological disorder, and Ca sprays had no effect on leaf composition and on any fruit attribute (soluble solids, titratable acidity, starch pattern index, flesh firmness, and concentrations of N, K, Ca and Mg). In the season of 2000/ 2001, however, when yield was 18 t ha and fruits had an average weight of 175 g, the incidence of bitter pit plus lenticel blotch pit on stored fruits was 24% in the treatment with no calcium sprays and it decreased up to 2% in that with 12 sprays. Two seasons later, yield was also low (25 t ha) and fruits were large (168 g each), but they did not show any physiological disorder regardless of the number of Ca sprays. It seems that the incidence of Ca related disorders in ‘Gala’ apples grown on limed soils in Brazil with no excess of any nutrient only occurs on seasons with low crop yield, as a result of large fruits and a high leaf/fruit ratio, associated with some unknown environmental conditions.