Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Improvements of Jensen ’ s Inequality via 4-Convexity and Applications

The intention of this note is to investigate some new important estimates for the Jensen gap while utilizing a 4-convex function. We use the Jensen inequality and de ﬁ nition of convex function in order to achieve the required estimates for the Jensen gap. We acquire new improvements of the Hölder and Hermite – Hadamard inequalities with the help of the main results. We discuss some interesting relations for quasi-arithmetic and power means as consequences of main results. At last, we give the applications of our main inequalities in the information theory. The approach and techniques used in the present note may simulate more research in this ﬁ eld.
Reply to discussions by Timoney et al. (2018) and Hall et al. (2018) on “Frequency of ice-jam flooding of Peace-Athabasca Delta”

The writer systematically refutes all of the discussers’ criticisms and supplies more details on the rigour of his “slope-based” frequency analysis. He also identifies key flaws of alternative and conflicting statistical interpretations proposed by the two discussion teams; and provides detailed documentation of the large uncertainty associated with paleolimnological assessments of ice-jam flood frequency.
Synaptic Scaffolding Proteins in Rat Brain ANKYRIN REPEATS OF THE MULTIDOMAIN Shank PROTEIN FAMILY INTERACT WITH THE CYTOSKELETAL PROTEIN (cid:1) -FODRIN*

The postsynaptic density is the ultrastructural en-tity containing the neurotransmitter reception apparatus of excitatory synapses in the brain. A recently identified family of multidomain proteins termed Src homology 3 domain and ankyrin repeat-containing (Shank), also known as proline-rich synapse-associ-ated protein/somatostatin receptor-interacting protein, plays a central role in organizing the subsynaptic scaffold by interacting with several synaptic proteins including the glutamate receptors. We used the N-terminal ankyrin repeats of Shank1 and -3 to search for interacting proteins by yeast two-hybrid screening and by affinity chromatography. By cDNA sequencing and mass spectrometry the cytoskeletal Shank1 and a mouse monoclonal anti-Flag antibody for the detection of (cid:1) -fodrin, followed by Cy2-labeled anti-rabbit and Cy3-labeled anti-mouse secondary antibodies) or for immunoprecipitation. Coimmunoprecipitation Experiments— Membrane fractions from brain were solubilized in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1% Nonidet P-40, 50 m M Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, and 150 m M NaCl) at 37 °C for 30 min, followed by incubation on ice for 30 min (12). Similarly, transfected HEK cells were solubilized in RIPA buffer (5). Insoluble matter was removed by cen- trifugation at 20,800 (cid:2) g for 30 min, and the supernatant fractions were incubated with the anti- (cid:1) -fodrin antibody (5 (cid:2) g) for 1 h at 4 °C. Immune complexes were collected by incubation (overnight at 4 °C) with Protein A/G-Sepharose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA). For pre- cipitation with a Shank3 antibody (directed against residues 980–1786 of rat Shank3), solubilization was performed with 1% deoxycholate, 50 m M Tris-HCl, pH 9.0, and 50 m M EDTA. Extracts were incubated with 10 (cid:2) l of antiserum overnight, followed by protein A/G-Sepharose treat- ment for 2 h. After washing the Sepharose beads extensively in lysis buffer, the immune complexes were eluted from the beads with Lae- mmli sample buffer, separated on 7% polyacrylamide gels, and electro-blotted onto nitrocellulose. The filters were probed with antibodies directed against the Shank1 PDZ domain (5, 10), the C-terminal 800 amino acids of Shank3 or (cid:1) -fodrin. Bands were visualized by horserad- ish peroxidase-conjugated
Investigation of the Defective Growth Pattern and Multidrug Resistance in a Clinical Isolate of Candida glabrata Using Whole-Genome Sequencing and Computational Biology Applications

In this study, a cholesterol-dependent C. glabrata clinical isolate that confers azole and AmB resistance was investigated using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and cloud computing applications. This is the first of the known cholesterol-dependent C. glabrata isolate to be found in Turkey. ABSTRACT Candida glabrata is increasingly isolated from blood cultures, and multidrug-resistant isolates have important implications for therapy. This study describes a cholesterol-dependent clinical C. glabrata isolate (ML72254) that did not grow without blood (containing cholesterol) on routine mycological media and that showed azole and amphotericin B (AmB) resistance. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were used for species identification. A modified Etest method (Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood) was used for antifungal susceptibility testing. WGS data were processed via the Galaxy platform, and the genomic variations of ML72254 were retrieved. A computational biology workflow utilizing web-based applications (PROVEAN, AlphaFold Colab, and Missense3D) was constructed to predict possible deleterious effects of these missense variations on protein functions. The predictive ability of this workflow was tested with previously reported missense variations in ergosterol synthesis genes of C. glabrata. ML72254 was identified as C. glabrata sensu stricto with MALDI-TOF, and WGS confirmed this identification. The MICs of fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B were >256, >32, and >32 μg/mL, respectively. A novel frameshift mutation in the ERG1 gene (Pro314fs) and many missense variations were detected in the ergosterol synthesis genes. None of the missense variations in the ML72254 ergosterol synthesis genes were deleterious, and the Pro314fs mutation was identified as the causative molecular change for a cholesterol-dependent and multidrug-resistant phenotype. This study verified that web-based computational biology solutions can be powerful tools for examining the possible impacts of missense mutations in C. glabrata. IMPORTANCE In this study, a cholesterol-dependent C. glabrata clinical isolate that confers azole and AmB resistance was investigated using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and cloud computing applications. This is the first of the known cholesterol-dependent C. glabrata isolate to be found in Turkey. Cholesterol-dependent C. glabrata isolates are rarely isolated in clinical samples; they can easily be overlooked during routine laboratory procedures. Microbiologists therefore need to be alert when discrepancies occur between microscopic examination and growth on routine media. In addition, because these isolates confer antifungal resistance, patient management requires extra care.
How Does Outside-In Open Innovation Influence Innovation Performance? Analyzing the Mediating Roles of Knowledge Sharing and Innovation Strategy

Embracing outside-in open innovation (OI) can result in a plethora of organizational advantages, including improved innovation performance. Although some studies have found that outside-in OI improves innovation performance, others have shown that it has no effect or even a negative effect. This mixed empirical evidence leads to a need to unpack the relationship between outside-in OI and innovation performance, and to examine how certain key mediating variables related to the outside-in OI process can ensure that outside-in OI turns into improved innovation performance. Thus, this paper aims to examine the influence of outside-in OI on innovation performance considering the mediating roles of knowledge sharing and innovation strategy. This paper draws on a cross-industrial sample of 112 firms. Data are analyzed using a set of ordinary-least-squares regression models and the bootstrap procedure. Results show that knowledge sharing and innovation strategy fully mediate the relationship between outside-in OI and innovation performance.
The Knock-Down of the Chloroquine Resistance Transporter PfCRT Is Linked to Oligopeptide Handling in Plasmodium falciparum

The chloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT, is important for the survival of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It increases the tolerance to many antimalarial drugs, and it is essential for the development of the parasite within red blood cells. ABSTRACT The chloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT, is an essential factor during intraerythrocytic development of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. PfCRT resides at the digestive vacuole of the parasite, where hemoglobin taken up by the parasite from its host cell is degraded. PfCRT can acquire several mutations that render PfCRT a drug transporting system expelling compounds targeting hemoglobin degradation from the digestive vacuole. The non-drug related function of PfCRT is less clear, although a recent study has suggested a role in oligopeptide transport based on studies conducted in a heterologous expression system. The uncertainty about the natural function of PfCRT is partly due to a lack of a null mutant and a dearth of functional assays in the parasite. Here, we report on the generation of a conditional PfCRT knock-down mutant in P. falciparum. The mutant accumulated oligopeptides 2 to at least 8 residues in length under knock-down conditions, as shown by comparative global metabolomics. The accumulated oligopeptides were structurally diverse, had an isoelectric point between 4.0 and 5.4 and were electrically neutral or carried a single charge at the digestive vacuolar pH of 5.2. Fluorescently labeled dipeptides and live cell imaging identified the digestive vacuole as the compartment where oligopeptides accumulated. Our findings suggest a function of PfCRT in oligopeptide transport across the digestive vacuolar membrane in P. falciparum and associated with it a role in nutrient acquisition and the maintenance of the colloid osmotic balance. IMPORTANCE The chloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT, is important for the survival of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It increases the tolerance to many antimalarial drugs, and it is essential for the development of the parasite within red blood cells. While we understand the role of PfCRT in drug resistance in ever increasing detail, the non-drug resistance functions are still debated. Identifying the natural substrate of PfCRT has been hampered by a paucity of functional assays to test putative substrates in the parasite system and the absence of a parasite mutant deficient for the PfCRT encoding gene. By generating a conditional PfCRT knock-down mutant, together with comparative metabolomics and uptake studies using fluorescently labeled oligopeptides, we could show that PfCRT is an oligopeptide transporter. The oligopeptides were structurally diverse and were electrically neutral or carried a single charge. Our data support a function of PfCRT in oligopeptide transport.
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from the Same Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Sample Coexist in Coculture

Previous studies have shown that in laboratory settings, Pseudomonas aeruginosa generally kills Staphylococcus aureus. However, these bacteria are often found coinfecting the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, which has been associated with worse patient outcomes. ABSTRACT Respiratory infections with bacterial pathogens remain the major cause of morbidity in individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Some studies have shown that CF patients that harbor both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their lungs are at even greater risk for more severe and complicated respiratory infections and earlier death. However, the drivers for this worse clinical condition are not well understood. To investigate the interactions between these two microbes that might be responsible for their increased pathogenic potential, we obtained 28 pairs of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from the same respiratory samples from 18 individuals with CF. We compared the survival of each S. aureus CF isolate cocultured with its corresponding coinfecting CF P. aeruginosa to when it was cocultured with non-CF laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa. We found that the S. aureus survival was significantly higher in the presence of the coinfecting P. aeruginosa compared to laboratory P. aeruginosa strains, regardless of whether the coinfecting isolate was mucoid or nonmucoid. We also tested how a non-CF S. aureus strain, JE2, behaved with each P. aeruginosa CF isolate and found that its interaction was similar to how the CF S. aureus isolate interacted with its coinfecting P. aeruginosa. Altogether, our work suggests that interactions between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa that promote coexistence in the CF lung are isolate-dependent and that this interaction appears to be driven mainly by P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE Previous studies have shown that in laboratory settings, Pseudomonas aeruginosa generally kills Staphylococcus aureus. However, these bacteria are often found coinfecting the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, which has been associated with worse patient outcomes. To investigate the interactions between these two bacteria, we competed 28 coinfection pairs obtained from the same lung samples of 18 different CF patients. We compared these results to those we previously reported of each CF S. aureus isolate against a non-CF laboratory strain of P. aeruginosa. We found that S. aureus survival against its corresponding coinfection P. aeruginosa was higher than its survival against the laboratory strain of P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that there may be selection for coexistence of these microbes in the CF lung environment. Further understanding of the interactions between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus will provide insights into the drivers of coexistence and their impact on the host.
Conserved Lysine Residues of Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Are Not Required for Covalently Closed Circular DNA Formation

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a public health burden that affects 296 million individuals worldwide. HBV core protein (HBc) is involved in almost all steps in the HBV life cycle. ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (HBc), the building block of the viral capsid, plays a critical role throughout the HBV life cycle. There are two highly conserved lysine residues, namely, K7 and K96, on HBc, which have been proposed to function at various stages of viral replication, potentially through lysine-specific posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Here, we substituted K7 and K96 with alanine or arginine, which would also block potential PTMs on these two lysine residues, and tested the effects of these substitutions on HBV replication and infection. We found that the two lysine residues were dispensable for all intracellular steps of HBV replication. In particular, all mutants were competent to form the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) via the intracellular amplification pathway, indicating that K7 and K96, or any PTMs of these residues, were not essential for nucleocapsid uncoating, a prerequisite for cccDNA formation. Furthermore, we found that K7A and K7R mutations did not affect de novo cccDNA formation and RNA transcription during infection, indicating that K7 or any PTMs of this residue were dispensable for HBV infection. In addition, we demonstrated that the HBc K7 coding sequence (AAA), as part of the HBV polyadenylation signal UAUAAA, was indispensable for viral RNA production, implicating this cis requirement at the RNA level, instead of any function of HBc-K7, likely constrains the identity of the 7th residue of HBc. In conclusion, our results provided novel insights regarding the roles of lysine residues on HBc, and their coding sequences, in the HBV life cycle. IMPORTANCE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a public health burden that affects 296 million individuals worldwide. HBV core protein (HBc) is involved in almost all steps in the HBV life cycle. There are two conserved lysine residues on HBc. Here, we found that neither of them is essential for HBV intracellular replication, including the formation of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the molecular basis for establishing and sustaining the HBV infection. However, K96 is critical for virion morphogenesis, while the K7 coding sequence, but not HBc-K7 itself, is indispensable, as part of the RNA polyadenylation signal, for HBV RNA production from cccDNA. Our results provide novel insights regarding the role of the conserved lysine residues on HBc, and their coding sequences, in viral replication, and should facilitate the development of antiviral drugs against the HBV capsid protein.
Optimal Partitioning of Smart Distribution Systems Into Supply-Sufficient Microgrids

This paper presents a systematic procedure for partitioning smart distribution systems into supply-sufficient microgrids. First, renewable distributed generations (DGs) are optimally allocated in the distribution system. A multiobjective performance index including voltage profile and energy losses indices is utilized in this problem as the objective function. Two alternative control approaches of future smart grids, including on load tap changer control and adaptive power factor control are assessed to maximize potential benefits and increase the penetration level of DGs. Then, optimal allocation of protection devices and energy storage systems for constructing supply-sufficient microgrids is presented for a feeder equipped with capacity-constrained DGs. To this end, two different optimization problems are formulated and proper indices are developed for minimizing power exchange between microgrids and minimizing generation-load imbalance within microgrids. Finally, test results of the proposed models on 33-bus IEEE radial distribution system are presented and discussed.
Task-specific performance decline in aging

ABSTRACT Decline of motor performance characteristically observed in theaging process has been proposed to be caused by a single factor:deterioration of the central information processing capacity. If so,motor performance in different tasks should decline in a similarway as an individual gets older. In order to test this hypothesis,motor performance of 19- to 73-years-old physical active individu-als was studied in eight motor tasks: reaction time, movementtime in aiming, handgrip strength, anticipatory timing, force con-trol, repetitive tapping, sequential drawing and sequential fingersmovements. The analysis indicated a diversity of performance pro-files between tasks across ages, with motor decline at a moderaterate between 20 and 60 years for reaction time, larger performan-ce decline in the transitions between 20 and 40 years in tasks re-quiring movement speed in simple movements or temporal accu-racy, larger decline in the transition between 60 and 70 years formaximum manual strength and graphic skill, and stable performanceacross ages for manual force control. Therefore, these results arecontradictory to the single factor hypothesis, offering support forthe alternative hypothesis of task-specific decline of sensorimotorperformance as a function of aging.
Afastamentos do trabalho na enfermagem: ocorrências com trabalhadores de um hospital de ensino

As condicoes laborais da equipe de enfermagem frequentemente sao marcadas por riscos, os quais repercutem em elevado absenteismo e licencas-saude. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os afastamentos entre trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital geral de ensino da cidade de Sao Jose do Rio Preto-SP, registrados durante o ano de 1999. Trata-se de uma investigacao epidemiologica censitaria, cuja coleta de dados foi efetuada por meio de consulta aos registros do Centro de Atendimento ao Trabalhador do hospital estudado. Os resultados indicaram que, no periodo, 333 trabalhadores envolveram-se em 662 episodios de afastamento. As licencas-saude ocorreram, principalmente, por problemas geniturinario e doencas mal definidas entre enfermeiros, tecnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem; e doencas dos orgaos dos sentidos, doencas infecta-parasitarias e doencas respiratorias entre os atendentes de enfermagem. Os dados obtidos subsidiam melhor analise dessa situacao neste hospital e intervencoes para melhoria das condicoes de trabalho vigentes.
Language visibility in the public space: the linguistic landscape of Masvingo, Zimbabwe

This article investigates the language situation in the public space in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe, from a linguistic landscape point of view. The data consists of written information displayed on billboards, road signs and buildings. Data were also generated through in-depth interviews and documentary study. The theoretical underpinnings of the study are founded in the linguistic landscape and post-colonial theories. The study established the overwhelming dominance of English both in the cityscape and landscape. While Shona, one of the major indigenous languages of Zimbabwe, appears in a few instances in the form of proper names, most local languages are not part of the visible signs on roads, billboards and buildings in Masvingo. This gives English de facto status as the sole official language, regardless of the fact that the constitution of Zimbabwe officially recognises 15 indigenous languages in addition to English. This silencing of indigenous languages has serious implications for equity in language use in Zimbabwe. The study recommends equitable treatment of languages in the public space to ensure that the languages and cultures associated with all languages of Zimbabwe do not gradually die.
Family language policy, school language practices and language socialisation among the Tonga

This study investigates the interface between school language practices and children’s language socialisation among speakers of the Tonga language in Binga, Zimbabwe. It is couched in the view that extra-familial language practices and experiences have a bearing on language socialisation patterns on the home domain. The study, therefore, examines how language practices in the school are infused with language practices within the family milieu, and is informed by the twin concepts of family language policy and language socialisation. To understand the nature of the interaction, we elicited and analysed perspectives of selected first language (L1) Tonga parents and their school-going children on how they thought school language practices are related with language choices and language socialisation preferences within the family linguistic ecology. The major finding is that children’s school language experiences and practices permeate the home in various ways. Their importance in family language policies cast children as agents of their own language socialisation as opposed to being passive subjects of ‘expert’ parental language socialisation. The school is therefore an important language socialisation sphere which has a far-reaching influence on language use in the family. It should thus be considered as a domain relevant to the articulation of family language policies by speakers of minoritised languages.