Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Profil des cancers de l'hypopharynx au Sénégal

Une etude retrospective sur les cancers de l'hypopharynx realisee afin de preciser le profil epidemiologique et clinique de ce cancer au Senegal est presentee a travers une serie de 66 cas. Il a ete note une epidemiologie tout a fait particuliere avec une predominance feminine (57,6 %) et un âge moyen de 33 ans. Il s'agissait cliniquement de volumineux cancers (65 % de T 3 -T 4 ), mais peu lymphophiles puisque l'examen clinique notait une absence d'adenopathie palpable initiale dans 53,6 % des cas. Le sinus piriforme etait interesse dans 41 % des cas, suivi par la localisation au niveau de la paroi posterieure de l'hypopharynx (25,7 %). Il nous semble que l'anemie ferriprive, multifactorielle, retrouvee chez 30 % des malades joue un role dans le determinisme de ce cancer au Senegal. Une telle hypothese devrait etre verifiee par l'etude prospective en cours.
Integração do ensino, pesquisa e extensão universitária na formação acadêmica: percepção do discente de enfermagem

Objetivo: Compreender a percepção de acadêmicos do curso de graduação em Enfermagem sobre a integração entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão durante sua formação acadêmica. Métodos: Consiste em estudo transversal, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com acadêmicos e egressos do curso de Enfermagem de uma instituição de Ensino Superior privada na cidade de Montes Claros, norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 14 indivíduos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Após a coleta, os dados passaram por análise de conteúdo. O estudo foi autorizado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o parecer 2.565. 451/2018. Resultados: A partir da análise de dados foi possível traçar o perfil da amostra estudada e conhecer as percepções e experiências destes alunos em relação à pesquisa e à extensão. Conclusão: Observou-se que a integração do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão universitária é de grande importância para a formação de profissionais capacitados, qualificados e que usam efetivamente a prática baseada em evidências.
Ang-2, Tie-2, and Ang-2/Tie-2 ratio serum levels as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis in critically ill patients

Abstract Sepsis represents one the main cause of death in patients admitted to the intensive care. Biomarkers offer an alternative approach to the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation and improve the outcomes. Angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) and Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tie-2) are biomarkers which may be involved in sepsis, Ang-2 being responsible for vascular remodelling while Tie-2 is their endothelial receptor. The aim of the study: To assess the Ang-2, Tie-2 and Ang-2/Tie-2 ratio serum levels in septic and non-septic patients and to investigate the independent value of circulating Ang-2, Tie-2, and Ang-2/Tie-2 ratios as predictors of prognosis in critically ill medical patients. Study design: The study included 74 adults admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). The patients were separated in two groups: Group A [sepsis: n=40] and Group B [no-sepsis: n= 34] patients. Serum levels of Ang-2 and Tie-2 were determined in the first 12 hours after admission and were correlated with ICU severity scores, APACHE II, SOFA and SAPS and with the death rate. Results: Group A gave significantly higher values (p=0.01), for serum Ang-2 (11.07±9.21 ng/ml) compared to Group B (6.18±5.28 ng/ml). The level of Tie-2 was also higher (11.03±5.12 ng/ml) in Group A compared to Group B (9.46±4.99 ng/ml) (p=0.19). In Group A, the Ang-2/Tie2 ratio showed higher values than Group B (p=0.02). There was a positive association between severity scores (APACHE II, SAPS, and SOFA) and Ang-2, and Ang-2/ Tie-2 ratio, but not for Tie2. Conclusions: In our study Ang-2 and Ang-2/Tie-2 ratio serum levels had independent diagnostic value in patients with sepsis, as measured on admission.
Bundles de prevenção da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica em unidade de terapia intensiva

Introducao: A pneumonia associada a ventilacao mecânica e uma das infeccoes hospitalares mais comuns na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e, quando adquirida aumenta o tempo de internacao, e consequentemente os custos para a instituicao. Objetivo: Verificar as principais medidas de impacto na reducao da pneumonia associada a ventilacao mecânica (PAV) de pacientes internados em UTI. Material e Metodo: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisao bibliografica realizada por meio de busca na Biblioteca Virtual de Saude nas bases de dados bibliograficos SciELO, LILACS, ANVISA e dissertacoes no periodo de 2005 a 2014, na lingua portuguesa, de acesso livre. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.732 publicacoes, quando filtrados por idioma portugues restaram 34, sendo utilizados dez publicacoes que atenderam os criterios estabelecidos. A selecao dos estudos foi realizada atraves da leitura criteriosa do titulo e resumo, a fim de verificar as questoes que iriam nortear a pesquisa, foram encontradas as medidas de prevencao a PAV segundo os bundles e outras medidas preventivas que tambem pode ser utilizada para essa prevencao. Consideracoes finais : Os resultados demostraram que os bundles recomendados para reduzir a PAV sao: posicionamento da cabeceira, higiene oral com clorexidina 0,12%, interrupcao diaria da sedacao, profilaxia da ulcera de estresse, profilaxia da trombose venosa profunda. Descritores: Pneumonia. Ventilacao mecânica. Prevencao e controle.
Risk factors for coronary heart disease in the black population of the cape Peninsula

A cross-sectional study of risk factors for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in a random sample of 986 black people aged 15 - 64 years living in the Cape Peninsula revealed a population at lower risk for IHD than other South Africans. Blood pressures of 140/95 mmHg or above were found in 14,4% of males and 13,7% of females. Fifty-two per cent of males and 8,4% of females smoked, while 16,5% of males and 25,8% of females had a total cholesterol (TC) level imparting risk for developing IHD
Selecting Communication Channels for Substance Misuse Prevention With At-Risk African-American Emerging Adults Living in the Southern United States

ABSTRACT Natural health information sources used by African-American emerging adults were investigated to identify sources associated with high and low substance-related risk. Participants (110 males, 234 females; M age = 18.9 years) were recruited using respondent-driven sampling, and structured interviews assessed substance use, sources of health information, and preferences for help. Friends and social network sites were associated with higher risk, whereas teachers/schools were associated with lower risk (ps < .025). Despite risks associated with friends, more participants preferred receiving help from friends than the other sources. The findings inform targeted prevention messages that are sensitive to contextual and audience characteristics.
Developmentally regulated genes in trypanosoma cruzi.

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is transmitted by blood feeding triatomine bugs. As T. cruzi cycles between the insect vector and vertebrate host, it goes through several distinct developmental stages. The molecular mechanism that regulates these differentiation steps is poorly understood. We have initiated a systematic dissection of metacyclogenesis, the differentiation step from replicating non-infective epimastigotes to non-replicating infective metacyclic trypomastigotes. Our aim is to functionally characterise novel stage-regulated genes, using transfection-based approaches. We demonstrate that one of these genes, MET3, encodes a protein that localises to the nucleus and associates with nucleolar antigens. During metacyclogenesis the structure of the nucleus is modified: heterochromatin spreads as the nucleus changes shape from round to elongated, and nucleolar antigens are dispersed in the metacyclic nucleus. Our data show that while dispersal of nucleolar antigens occurs in all cells of a stationary phase culture, MET3 protein is expressed only in the subset of cells that have differentiated to metacyclics or to intermediate forms. By expressing MET3-GFP fusion proteins in the parasite, we identified two sequence elements that can independently direct localisation. To address function, we generated MET3 null mutants. These knockout cells produced significantly fewer fully developed metacyclics than wild-type controls. However, this phenotype could not be complemented with an ectopic copy of MET3. The reduced rate of metacyclogenesis may therefore be unrelated to the loss of MET3. The knockout cells are able to complete the entire life-cycle in vitro. This demonstrates that MET3 is not essential for development of the infective stage. RNA transcripts of the second gene, (MET2) are induced during metacyclogenesis. Recombinant MET2 protein associates with the kinetoplast when expressed in epimastigotes. We analysed in detail its genomic locus near a putative centromere on chromosome 3, and generated deletion mutants for further investigating its role in differentiation.
Measurement of Nursing Students' and Nurses' Attitudes toward Cancer

Nursing intervention for the patient with cancer is a special challenge. Cancer patients, aware of societal attitudes and stigma, do not readily talk about what they are experiencing (Tiedt, 1975), and, similarly, nurses may avoid openly exploring the concerns that emerge with a diagnosis of cancer. However, the nature of nursing carries with it the expectation that the patient can and will turn to the nurse with fears and questions about the cancer process and treatment. Thus, nurses, perhaps more than any other health care professional, need to study their attitudes toward cancer since these attitudes can be a major determinant of the quality of nursing care. This study focuses on measurements of nurses' and nursing students' attitudes toward cancer, an important area of study since attitudes predispose one to act in a certain way and are reflected in the care one provides. The practice of caring for patients requires more
Common Characteristics of Compassionate Mental Health Counselors: A Qualitative Study

This qualitative study was conducted to identify perceptions and emerging concepts related to compassion in mental health counseling. In addition, this study examines diverse counselor perceptions and attitudes toward compassion and the impact of “being” a compassionate counselor. The construct of compassion has been empirically studied in many helping professions; however, most research has focused on counselors working with trauma victims in medical settings and large scale disasters. The sample comprised 16 mental health counselors (i.e., 13 females and 3 males). These counselors are licensed professionals working in the state of Ohio. Three major categories were identified and ten subthemes emerged from the analysis of the data: (a) client population, (b) work environment, and (c) coping mechanisms. Based on the findings practical recommendations are offered to mental health counselors, supervisors, as well as counselor educators.
Hurthle Cell Neoplasm of the Thyroid: Still a Dilemma?

The Hurthle cell is a large, polygonal cell characterized by eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and a large, hyperchromatic nucleus with a prominent nucleolus (1). Hurthle cells are seen in many nonneoplastic conditions of the thyroid and are not specific for any disease (2,3). Thyroid nodules containing hurthle cells in cytologic evaluation are composed of many histopathologic entities, including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), Hurthle cell adenomas (HCA), Hurthle cell carcinomas (HCC), variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma, including tall cell variant, oncocytic variant, and warthin-like variant, and the oncocytic variant of medullary carcinoma (4,5). Hurthle cell neoplasms (HCNs) are rare tumors. They have an unpredictable biology. There are difficulties in distinguishing Hurthle cell adenoma from carcinomas in preoperative and intraoperative period. Few institutions have extensive experience in following up patients with Hurthle cell predominant thyroid nodules. The aim of this review was to examine the features of Hurthle cell neoplasia which would be important in the treatment of patients and could guide clinicians. Hurthle Cell
Promoting self care of joint pain

Joint pain is a common condition requiring a multi-faceted approach. Psychological factors can have as much impact as physiological ones and a self-care approach to joint pain may be beneficial. This article aims to provide a practical and relevant guide to help pharmacists facilitate self care of joint pain. Joint pain is a huge problem in the UK, with almost nine million people (19 per cent of the population) visiting their GP in the past year with arthritis and related conditions. It is a major cause of disability and the second most common cause of days off work for both men and women. Joint pain is the main symptom of many different musculoskeletal conditions, including all types of arthritis, connective tissue disease, back pain, osteoporosis and soft tissue rheumatism.The most common joint disease in the UK is osteoarthritis (OA), which can vary from mild to debilitating and is often associated with flare-ups followed by periods of remission. In addition, many people suffer joint pain of a non-specific origin, which they may attribute to overuse, ageing or even the weather. Patients with joint pain from all causes may seek advice and treatment recommendations in the pharmacy.
Interaction Between Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And Diabetes Nurse Specialists During Annual Check-Ups: A Study Using Video Recordings

Background : Patients with Type 2 diabetes are involved in lifelong treatment through annual diabetes check-up. Diabetes nurse specialists are in charge of these appointments which are meant to promote patient’s health, diabetes control as well as the recommended physical examination. Communication during the annual diabetes check-up depends on each party’s agenda or goals. The interaction structure during the annual check-ups by diabetes nurse specialists is rarely studied, though it is important for patients understanding. Objective: The aim of this study was to explain how the interaction was initiated and performed during the physical examination in annual diabetes check-ups.Methods: Applied conversation analysis was used in 20 video observations to describe verbal and nonverbal interaction between patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetes nurse specialists during the annual diabetes check-ups. Findings : Annual check-ups consisted of five phases: opening, health history, physical examination, conclusion and closing. Patients were generally the main actors. By recounting their health history they were able to set the agenda. The pattern changed to more passive participation during the physical examination which required mutual cooperation in order to create reliable outcomes. The informative value of check-ups varied depending on, the patients’ problems and the type of examination used, among other things. Practical implications: First professionals must be aware that routines of instruction to patients during physical examination procedures have an influence on patients’ understanding of measurement outcomes. Second, professionals should understand that even when there is no problems there can still be a subject for discussion about self-management. Third professionals need to be prepared to cope with embarrassing examination routines in order to enhance informative value.
Keeping the door open: Exploring experiences of, and responses to, university students who disclose mental illness

University educators increasingly manage situations where students disclose serious mental health issues. This is a significant issue, particularly for health and human service professions, as the importance of valuing the lived experience of mental illness lies alongside concerns for professional practice standards. Thus the responsibilities of students to disclose their mental health status and the responsibilities of Universities to provide appropriate support within established disability frameworks must be clear. However, students often do not know who they should disclose to, what will happen to disclosed information, and who has access to this information. Student's often fear embarrassment, stigma, and shame about disclosing mental illness, which is compounded by the diverse attitudes, experiences, and beliefs of educators. Consequently, this paper will review existing literature on university responses to, and students’ experiences of, mental illness in order to set a research agenda for this topic. The authors argue that such research must be undertaken urgently, in a context of inclusivity in higher education that gives voice to the experiences of students, their families and carers, university staff, and practitioners in the field.
Human papillomavirus epidemiology in men who have sex with men : implications for a vaccine programme at sexual health clinics in the UK

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related disease. There are two licensed HPV vaccines against the high-risk HPV types, HPV16/18, one of which, the quadrivalent vaccine, additionally targets low-risk HPV types (HPV6/11). MSM will not benefit from the UK’s school-based HPV vaccine programme targeting girls. Sexual Health clinics (SHC) are the most feasible setting for vaccinating MSM. This thesis aimed to inform the policy decision on whether to vaccinate MSM attending SHCs in the UK by estimating underlying epidemiological parameters: HPV exposure in the MSM population attending SHCs, expected vaccine coverage and the effect of HPV16 vaccination on anal cancer incidence. A cross-sectional survey of 522 MSM was conducted at a SHC. Specimens (anal and external genital swabs, urine, oral rinse and serum) were tested for HPV and demographic, behavioural and clinical information was collected (HPV-MSM-MMC study). A static deterministic cohort model was developed of HPV16 infection and anal cancer in SHC-attending MSM. A substantial burden of HPV infection in MSM could be prevented at SHCs: a third of HPV-MSM-MMC participants were infected with ≥1 quadrivalent-vaccine HPV types yet none with all four. Therefore all had potential to benefit, at least partially, from vaccination. An additional third had evidence of prior exposure (seropositive or history of anogenital warts) to quadrivalent-vaccine types and a final third had no evidence of exposure. A targeted HPV vaccine programme at SHCs would result in ≥50% coverage of the UK’s MSM population. Vaccination at SHCs would efficiently interrupt HPV transmission because SHC-attenders represent MSM at high risk of HPV infection. Vaccination against HPV16 was predicted to substantially reduce anal cancer incidence, even without the effect of herd immunity. This thesis provides strong evidence for HPV vaccine effectiveness using a programme targeting MSM attending SHCs.
Comparison between effects of two anesthetic techniques on acute stress proteins and d-dimer in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery

Background Anesthetic techniques may modulate the extent of endocrine–metabolic response to surgery. Attenuation of the endocrine–metabolic response may reduce the frequency of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different anesthetic techniques (combined general anesthesia with epidural blockade vs. combined spinal–epidural blockade) on acute stress proteins including serum albumin, C-reactive protein, leptin, cortisol, and d-dimer in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery. Materials and methods After approval of the ethics committee of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine and having an informed consent from every patient, the present study was carried out on 40 patients ASA I or II physical status. Group I; 20 patients received combined general anesthesia with epidural blockade and group II; 20 patients received combined spinal–epidural blockade. Epidural analgesia was activated just before wound closure. Results The blood loss was statistically significantly low in group II. The mean values of serum albumin were significantly lower in the group II at 3 and 24 h postoperatively. There were no significant differences between preoperative and 24 h postoperative serum cortisol. Serum cortisol levels were significantly lower in the group II at 3 h postoperatively. There were no significant differences in serum leptin concentrations and preoperative plasma d-dimer. Plasma d-dimer concentrations were significantly higher in the group I at 3 h postoperatively and at 24 h postoperatively. Conclusion Subarachnoid block decreases postoperative pain score and reduces blood loss in comparison with general anesthesia. It reduces the acute stress response and acute stress proteins (albumin, cortisol). It did not reduce C-reactive protein. It reduces plasma d-dimer level after lower-limb orthopedic surgery in comparison with general anesthesia.
Effect of Lamotrigine on Fetal Rat Brain

Studies on the effect of lamotrigine on fetal brain are limited. The present experimental study was conducted to explore any macroscopic or microscopic changes in fetal brain induced by lamotrigine. Pregnant albino wistar rats received 1.5 mg oral lamotrigine on day 9 to 11 of pregnancy and the pups were harvested on day 20. The mean body weight and length were lower and brain weight and volume were higher of the pups exposed to lamotrigine. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Some of the experimental pups had exencephaly and haemorrhages over the body. Histology of the brain revealed that in lamotrigine treated group, the lateral ventricles were dilated and the plexiform layer of the cerebral cortex was relatively less differentiated.
Are the anganwadi workers healthy and happy? a cross sectional study using the general health questionnaire (GHQ 12) at Mangalore, India

Background: Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) are the implement¬ers of Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS). It is impor¬tant to obtain the worker’s viewpoints on their job-description, the problems they face and the levels of stress that they encoun¬ter, to address the quality of their services. The stressed AWWs are likely to be unhealthy, poorly motivated, less productive and less efficient in implementing the ICDS scheme. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the stress levels among the anganwadi work¬ers and to understand the factors that influence the stress in this class of the population. This study was planned to study the stress among the anganwadi workers and the factors that are related to the stress. Method: This was a cross sectional study which was done on 82 anganwadi workers of Mangalore by using a General Health questionnaire (GHQ – 12). Results: As their mean age increased, more was the stress which was experienced by them. The BMI, hypertension, self-re¬ported sleep disturbance, eye strain and the perceived gastritis were related to stress and these were statistically significant.The workers were stressed to different levels due to an inadequate supply of the ICDS food resources (P=0.042). Overall, the an¬ganwadi workers experienced stress due to their work. Conclusion: There was stress and dissatisfaction among the AWWs who were studied. An improvement in their remunera¬tion; a clear career path and an improved administration are also required for the better work efficiency of the anganwadi workers. There is a need to ensure both the physical and the psychologi¬cal wellbeing of the workers.