Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ontological Foundations for Trust Management: Extending the Reference Ontology of Trust (regular paper)

In this paper, we provide a semantic foundation for trust-related concepts in the light of trust management. We extend our previous work, the Reference Ontology of Trust, to clarify and provide a deeper account of some building blocks of trust, such as beliefs and intentions of a trustor, pieces of evidence that indicate that a trustee is trustworthy (or not), as well as the many factors that in-ﬂuence trust. We illustrate our proposal by instantiating and discussing people’s trust in vaccines in the time of COVID-19.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENTS TYPES OF POTASSIUM FERTILISATION ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF GREENHOUSE TOMATOES GROWN IN VARIOUS SUBSTRATES

In the experiment with greenhouse tomato cv. 'Cunero F1' the effect of nutrient liquid with or without chlorine on the chemical composition of leaves and fruits was in- vestigated. In research rockwool, peat and sand substrates with fertigation system was used. The experiment showed higher potassium, calcium, magnesium and chlorine leaves content in tomato fertilized nutrients liquid with chlorine. Kind of potassium fertilization had no significant effect on the chemical composition of tomato fruits. Lowest witamin C, total nitrogen and potassium content in fruits of tomato grown in sand substrate was de- tected, compared with peat and rockwool
The Impact of Khat (Catha edulis) on Hemodynamics of the Common Carotid Arteries in Regular Khat Chewers: A Case-control Study Using Doppler Ultrasound

Background: To evaluate the effect of chewing khat on the hemodynamics of the common carotid arteries (CCAs) using Doppler ultrasound imaging. Methods: This is a cross-sectional case–control study. Fifty volunteers who were chronic regular khat chewers were selected and compared with healthy nonkhat chewers. They were examined using Doppler imaging with a 7–10 MHz linear transducer. The resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and end-diastolic velocity of the CCAs were determined according to the standard protocol of carotid Doppler ultrasound. Results: The RI and PI of the right and left CCAs were significantly higher in khat chewers compared to controls (P < 0.001). The PSV of the right and left CCAs was considerably higher in khat chewers compared to controls (P < 0.001 and 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: The Doppler values of blood flow velocity, resistivity, and pulsatility were significantly higher in chronic regular khat chewers compared to nonkhat chewers. Khat is a significant contributory factor for increasing the hemodynamics of the CCAs.
New Experimental Zirconia-Reinforced Rice Husk Nanohybrid Composite and the Outcome of Its Surface Roughness and Microhardness in Comparison with Commercialized Nanofilled and Microhybrid Composite Resins

Background: An ideal composite resin should demonstrate smooth surface after polishing and high hardness value to provide long-term success. Thus, this study aimed to compare the surface roughness and microhardness of new experimental zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite (Zr-Hybrid) with commercialized nanofilled (Filtek-Z350-XT) and microhybrid composite (Zmack-Comp) resins before and after artificial ageing. Methods: One hundred and eighty standardized disc samples were prepared, of which ninety samples each were used for surface roughness and microhardness test, respectively. They were divided equally into: Group 1 (Filtek-Z350-XT), Group 2 (Zmack-Comp), and Group 3 (Zr-Hybrid). For surface roughness test, all samples were polished with aluminium oxide discs and further subdivided into aged and unaged subgroups, in which composite samples in aged subgroups were subjected to 2500 thermal cycles. Next, all the samples were subjected to surface roughness test using a contact stylus profilometer. As for microhardness test, all the aged and unaged samples were tested using a Vickers hardness machine with a load of 300 kgf for 10 s and viewed under a digital microscope to obtain microhardness value. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference and paired sample t-test with significance level set at P = 0.05. Results: In both the aged and unaged groups, Zr-Hybrid showed statistically significantly lower surface roughness (P < 0.05) than Filtek-Z350-XT and Zmack-Comp, but no statistically significant difference was noted between Filtek-Z350-XT and Zmack-Comp (P > 0.05). A similar pattern was noted in microhardness test, whereby Zr-Hybrid showed the highest value (P < 0.05) followed by Filtek-Z350-XT and lastly Zmack-Comp. Besides, significant differences in surface roughness and microhardness were noted between the aged and unaged groups. Conclusion: Zr-Hybrid seems to demonstrate better surface roughness and microhardness value before and after artificial ageing.
Comparative Evaluation of Osteogenic Potential of Conventional Glass-ionomer Cement with Chitosan-modified Glass-ionomer and Bioactive Glass-modified Glass-ionomer Cement An In vitro Study

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) with chitosan-modified GIC (CH-GIC) and bioactive glass-modified GIC (BAG-GIC) as a function of time in varying proportions. Materials and Methods: CH-GIC was prepared by adding 10 v/v% (Group II) and 50 v/v% (Group III) CH to the commercial liquid of GIC. BAG-GIC was prepared by the addition of 10 wt% (Group IV) and 30 wt% (Group V) of BAG to the GIC powder. Conventional GIC was kept as Group I. Nine round-shaped samples measuring 2 mm thick and 5 mm in diameter were prepared for every experimental material. Human osteosarcoma cells were cultured and cell proliferation was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell differentiation was assessed at 7,14, and 21 days using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. All experiments were done in triplicate. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc multiple comparisons at 0.05 level significance. Results: Cell culture studies showed a significant increase in proliferative activity and ALP activity in Group II, III, IV, and V than Group I at all-time intervals (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in osteogenic potential between CH-GIC and BAG-GIC groups. Conclusion: The osteogenic potential was significantly higher in CH-GIC and BAG-GIC compared to conventional GIC.
Recurrent Meningeal Melanocytoma of Cervical Spine: A Rare Case

Melanocytomas of the central nervous system are rare benign or intermediate grade localized melanocytic tumors. Despite its benign nature, it can follow a locally aggressive course with propensity to recur. We present the case of a 29 years old female who presented with a recurrent lesion in cervical spine and rapidly progressing quadriparesis. On examination, there was loss of power in right-sided extremities and reduction in sensations in left-sided extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging spine revealed a homogeneously enhancing intradural extramedullary dumbbell-shaped mass lesion at C4/5 level with extension through right C4 neural foramina to the extraforamina space, causing severe spinal cord compression. Intraoperatively, bluish-colored tumor was identified along with underlying hematoma. Gross total excision of the tumor was done. Tumor was received in the histopathology department in multiple black-colored fragments. Microscopically, a heavily pigmented tumor was seen with the sheets and nodules of polygonal cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Differentials considered were meningeal melanocytoma and malignant melanoma. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells showed diffuse positivity for HMB 45 and S100. Ki 67 index was around 1%. On radiological review, the tumor was fairly well circumscribed and did not infiltrate the adjacent tissues. There was no evidence of any lesions elsewhere in the body. Considering these features, the tumor was diagnosed with meningeal melanocytoma. Postoperatively, there was significant immediate improvement in quadriparesis and patient could walk with minimal support.
Efficacy of Laser Photoacoustic Streaming in Paediatric Root Canal Disinfection - An Ex-Vivo Study

Background: Various techniques have been employed to enhance the root canal disinfection rate using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as an irrigant. Photon initiated photo-acoustic streaming using lasers is a newer method of endodontic disinfection. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of photo-initiated photoacoustic streaming and conventional irrigation technique using 2.5% NaOCl for root canal disinfection in primary teeth. Setting and Design: Laboratory setting and ex-vivo design. Materials and Methods: Twenty extracted primary teeth were selected in which Enterococcus faecalis incubation was done in the root canals and bacterial counts were obtained before the intervention. The teeth were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I samples were irrigated with conventional syringe method using 2.5% NaOCl and Group II samples were irrigated using photon-initiated photo-acoustic streaming method with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (wavelength - 2940 nm). Postintervention samples were obtained, and bacterial colony count was done. Wilcoxon Signed- Ranks Test and Mann–Whitney test were applied to test the intragroup and intergroup differences in the bacterial counts. Results: Postintervention results showed no bacterial growth in the canals irrigated using Laser (P = 0.004) whereas, fewer bacterial colonies were observed in NaOCl group (P = 0.005). There was statistically significantly higher reduction in E. faecalis counts in Laser Activated irrigation (LAI) group compared to NaOCl group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Total elimination of E. faecalis counts was obtained by the use of laser activated NaOCl irrigation in the infected root canals, hence, it can be considered as an effective method for pediatric endodontic disinfection.
Grading of Oral Leukoplakia: Can It be Improvised Using Immunohistochemical Markers p63 and CD31

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is usually preceded by potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), the most common being oral leukoplakia. A conservative management protocol is followed for milder dysplastic cases, while severe dysplastic lesions are surgically excised. Several classification systems have been developed based mainly on histopathological features with a lot of inter-observer variations. The present study was done to assess the use of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers in grading leukoplakic lesions in addition to histopathological grading. Aims and Objectives: To grade leukoplakia using different grading systems and assess if IHC markers can aid in categorizing leukoplakia. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five cases of leukoplakia were graded using Ljubljana, 2005 World Health Organization (WHO), and Binary System followed by IHC staining with p63 and CD31. Results and Statistics: Variation was noted in 12 cases while using WHO, 11 using Ljubljana, and 7 using Binary System and was significant on Cohen-Kappa statistics, with the least significant variation noted on Binary System. p63 staining assisted to group doubtful cases and even identify variation in cases graded positively on histopathology. In total, 17 cases stained one-third (mild/low), while 15 cases stained one-half or more (higher grade) epithelial thickness. A weak correlation was observed between all grading systems and p63 on Kendall's Tau-b analysis and the weak correlation was significant for the WHO and binary grading systems. Analyzing p63 and CD31 using Kruskal–Wallis test, an increase in mean vessel density (MVD) was noted for mild/moderate cases but decreased for severe cases. Conclusion: Addressing histological categorization of PMDs assisted by IHC markers to understand the biological behavior of the tissues is currently essential with studies on more markers to assist in the management protocol.
Surgical Management of Pediatric Cervical Angular Kyphosis with 540° Approach and Metacarpal Plate: A Case Report and Introduction of a Novel Technique

Surgical decompression, deformity correction, and instrumentation of the upper cervical spine are challenging problems in cervical kyphosis, especially in infants and pediatrics. According to patients' age, surgical exposure is difficult and selecting the appropriate instrument for rigid fixation is crucial. In this article, we present a case of 2 years old with cervical angular kyphosis, which was approached posteriorly at first. Through posterior approach, C3–C5 laminectomy with complete excision of spinous process was performed. Then, the patient's position was changed to supine and C3–C5 corpectomies were performed anteriorly with a longitudinal incision, and the thecal sac was decompressed. A titanium cage with appropriate size and graft was placed after possible deformity correction conducted with head traction and neck extension. Anterior fixation was performed with two, 2-mm T-shaped metacarpal plates with two screws in C2 and four screws in C6. The patient's position was changed to prone again, and posterior fixation was done with two metacarpal plates located on lateral masses. We showed that a novel technique in correction and fixation of cervical kyphosis in pediatric is using metacarpal plates while they are fixed to lateral masses.
VASCULAR CELLS RESPOND TO ENDOTHELIAL CELL FLOW- AND PRESSURE-RELEASED SOLUBLE PROTEINS

Arterial homeostasis is dictated by hemodynamics and intercellular communications. Therefore, the present study exposed vascular cells to mechanical forces and conditioned medium to determine the impact of intracellular communication on cell responses. Endothelial cells exposed to flow and flow-conditioned medium demonstrated the most significant up regulation of COX-2 (p < 0.01), ecNOS (p < 0.01), and PDGF-B (p < 0.05) mRNA. When exposed to pressure and control medium, endothelial cells expressed COX-2 (p < 0.01), ecNOS (p < 0.01), and PDGF-B (p < 0.01) mRNA to a lesser extent than cells exposed to flow and control medium. In addition, cell growth studies in the presence of flow- and pressure-conditioned medium revealed decreased (p < 0.05) endothelial cell growth and increased (p < 0.05) smooth muscle cell growth. Ultimately, understanding the effects of chemical mediators released by vascular cells under physiological and pathological conditions will aid in elucidating the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Volatility and Yield of Glycolaldehyde SOA Formed through Aqueous Photochemistry and Droplet Evaporation

Aqueous hydroxyl radical (∼10−12 M) oxidation of glycolaldehyde (1 mM), followed by droplet evaporation, forms secondary organic aerosol (SOA) that exhibits an effective liquid vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization of ∼10−7 atm and ∼70 kJ/mol, respectively, similar to the mix of organic acids identified in reaction samples. Salts of these acids have vapor pressures about three orders of magnitude lower (e.g., ammonium succinate ∼10−11 atm), suggesting that the gas–particle partitioning behavior of glycolaldehyde SOA depends strongly on whether products are present in the atmosphere as acids or salts. Several reaction samples were used to simulate cloud droplet evaporation using a vibrating orifice aerosol generator. Samples were also analyzed by ion chromatography (IC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), IC-ESI-MS, and for total carbon. Glycolaldehyde SOA mass yields were 50–120%, somewhat higher than yields reported previously (40–60%). Possible reasons are discussed: (1) formation of oligomers from droplet evaporation, (2) inclusion of unquantified products formed by aqueous photooxidation, (3) differences in gas–particle partitioning, and (4) water retention in dried particles. These and similar results help to explain the enrichment of organic acids in particulate organic matter above clouds compared with those found below clouds, as observed previously in aircraft campaigns. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
Titania Deposition on PMR-15

The formation, degree of crystallinity, and adherence of dense titania (TiO2) thin film coatings on a high-temperature polyimide resin (PMR-15) can be influenced by the chemical composition of the polymer surface. Furthermore, solution deposition conditions can be adjusted to provide additional control over the morphology and crystallinity of the titania films. Recipes for solution-based titania deposition that used a slowly hydrolyzing titanium fluoride salt in the presence of boric acid as a fluoride scavenger allowed growth of films up to 750 nm thick in 22 h. By adjusting solution pH and temperature, either amorphous titania or oriented crystalline anatase films could be formed. Surface sulfonate groups enhance the adhesion of solution-deposited oxide thin film coatings. While most sulfonation procedures severely damaged the PMR-15 surface, the use of chlorosulfonic acid followed by hydrolysis of the installed chlorosulfonyl groups provided effective surface sulfonation without significant surface dam.
Synthesis of a New Cationic Pyropheophorbide Derivative and Studies of its Aggregation Process in Aqueous Solution

Abstract— A new water‐soluble cationic pyropheophorbide was prepared from pyropheophorbide a by a Curtius rearrangement. The self‐aggregation process of this chlorhydrate of aminopyropheophorbide was investigated from the changes observed in its spectroscopic properties when passing from ethanol to aqueous solutions. The formation of aggregates was characterized in the absorption spectrum by a broadening of the Qy band, which is slightly shifted to the red, a significant increase in signals of circular dichroism and a drastic quenching of the fluorescence intensity at 674 nm. Analysis of the nonlinear variation of the fluorescence intensity with the dye concentration in Tris‐buffered solutions shows that dimerization is the dominant aggregation process. The dimerization equilibrium constant(at 25AoC, pH 7.5 in 5 mM Tris buffer, 10 mM NaCl) was determined to be 3.106M‐l. NMR measurements performed in DMSO at various dye concentrations showed that only the chemical shifts of some atoms are affected by these changes, indicating the part of the ring involved in the overlap of the two molecules in the dimer.A molecular modeling study of the packing arrangement of the aminopyropheophorbide molecules in aggregates performed by both semi‐empirical quantum chemical PM3 and force field MM2 methods provided a structure consistent with these spectroscopic data.
A population balance model for high shear granulation

In a previous paper, Hoornaert et al. ( Powder Technol. 96 (1998); 116-128) presented data from granulation experiments performed in a 50 L Lödige high shear mixer. In this study that same data was simulated with a population balance model. Based on an analysis of the experimental data, the granulation process was divided into three separate stages: nucleation, induction, and coalescence growth. These three stages were then simulated separately, with promising results. It is possible to derive a kernel that fit both the induction and the coalescence growth stage. Modeling the nucleation stage proved to be more challenging due to the complex mechanism of nucleus formation. From this work some recommendations are made for the improvement of this type of model.
Hydrogen/deuterium isotope effects on microphase separation in unstable crystalline mixtures of binary n-alkanes

We have observed large hydrogen-deuterium isotope effects on the microphase separation that occurs in unstable crystalline binary mixtures of n-alkanes rapidly quenched from the melt. These effects were studied in C 30 /C 36 mixtures at room temperature, mainly by infrared spectroscopy and electron diffraction. The isotope effects are manifest in a number of different ways: (i) immediately after the quench, the D/H (C 30 D /C 36 H ) mixture is significantly more demixed than the H/D (C 30 D /C 36 H ) mixture; (ii) the spontaneous demixing, which begins immediately after the quench to room temperature, is faster for D/H by a factor of about 3
Linear trimeric, dimeric, and monomeric titanium(III) aryloxides

Interest in the chemistry of low-valent titanium has been stimulated by some remarkable performances reported for these systems, including catalytic dinitrogen activation/fixation and the enormous reducing capability of these species with the large majority of organic substances. Reactions of trans-Ti(TMEDA)[sub 2]Cl[sub 2] (TMEDA = N,N,N[prime],N[prime]-tetramethylethylenediamine) with 2 equiv of RONa [R = Ph, 3,5-(t-Bu)[sub 2]C[sub 6]H[sub 3]] formed the paramagnetic light-green linear trimeric Ti(III) derivative Ti[sub 3](PhO)[sub 9]-(TMEDA)[sub 2] (1) and the pink dimeric complex [Ti(RO)Cl(TMEDA)][sub 2]([mu]-OR)[sub 2] [R = 3,5-(t-Bu)[sub 2]C[sub 6]H[sub 3]] (2), respectively. Complex 1 could also be conveniently synthesized from TiCl[sub 3](THF)[sub 3] and PhONa in the presence of TMEDA. Conversely, complex 2 could be obtained from TiCl[sub 3](THF)[sub 3] only when the reaction was carried out in toluene, since bright-yellow crystals of the mononuclear anionic complexes [Ti(RO)[sub 2](TMEDA)Cl[sub 2]][M[prime]] [M[prime] = Na(TMEDA)[sub 2][sup +] (3a), 1/2(TMEDA)H[sup +] (3b)] were isolated when the reaction was performed in THF. Reaction of Ti[N(SiMe[sub 3])[sub 2]][sub 3] with 3 equiv of 2,6-Me[sub 2]C[sub 6]H[sub 3]OH in toluene led to the formation of the first dinuclear homoleptic complex [Ti(RO)[sub 3]][sub 2] [R = 2,6-Me[sub 2]C[sub 6]H[sub 3] (4)], which was isolated as green-blue crystals. A similar reaction with the moremore » bulky 2,6-(i-Pr)[sub 2]C[sub 6]H[sub 3]OH led to the formation of the neutral homoleptic Ti(IV) species Ti[OC[sub 6]H[sub 3]-2,6-(i-Pr)[sub 2]][sub 4] (6). Conversely, the anionic homoleptic complex [Ti[OC[sub 6]H[sub 3]-2,6-(i-Pr)[sub 2]][sub 4]][Li(TMEDA)[sub 2]]-toluene (7) was obtained by reacting the corresponding lithium phenoxide with TiCl[sub 3](THF)[sub 3]. « less
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of Apricots Under Open Sun Drying Conditions

ABSTRACT In this work, the convective heat transfer coefficients of apricots in open sun drying conditions were determined. Convective heat transfer coefficients were found at different initial moisture contents and at ambient temperature for apricots with various pretreatments. Convective heat transfer coefficient for apricots was found to increase exponentially with increasing moisture content. The coefficients of the exponential model were determined by using the Statistica program. To test the consistency of the models developed for apricots, some statistical tests were also used as well as correlation coefficients. The experimental error in terms of percent uncertainty was also calculated.