Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Smartphone Use Affect a Subsequent Swimming Training Session? Preliminary Results in Amateur Triathletes

To date, the literature has failed to individuate a clear motivation for the performance decrement after a mental fatigue-inducing task. This study aimed to evaluate biomechanical and perceptual variables during a swimming training session in different mental fatigue states. Seven amateur triathletes watched a documentary, utilized a smartphone, or performed an AX-CPT for 45 min randomly on three different days. After, they performed a 15-min warm-up followed by 6 × 200 m at constant pre-set speed plus one 200 m at maximal effort. The mental fatigue status was assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS) and short-Stroop task results before, post-mental task, and post-swimming session. The biomechanical and motor coordination variables during swimming were assessed using five IMU sensors and video analysis. The heart rate and rate of perceived exertion were monitored during the task. No differences in biomechanical and perceptual variables were found between and within conditions. Higher mental fatigue was found only in the AX-CPT condition at post task by VAS. In this preliminary study, no changes in swimming biomechanics were highlighted by mental fatigue, but the warm-up performed may have counteracted its negative effects. Further studies are recommended.
Inheritance of growth and production traits in Gramapriya male line chicken

A comprehensive study was carried out in Gramapriya male line (PD-6) chicken with respect to growth, production and egg quality traits utilizing the data generated from 1995 chicks and 230 hens in S-8 generation at ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, Telangana. Highly significant differences among hatches were observed for body weight, shank length, age at sexual maturity (ASM), egg production (EP), egg weight (EW) and egg mass (EM). The least squares mean of body weights (BW) at 2, 4, 6, 20 and 40 weeks of age were 187.03±0.97, 499.74±1.58, 838.67±5.69, 2074.93±9.82 and 2891.26±15.25 g, respectively. The least squares mean of shank lengths at 4 and 6 weeks of age were 70.19±0.09 and 87.48±0.12 mm respectively. The h2 for body weight and shank length at six weeks of age was 0.31±0.06 and 0.23±0.05, respectively, which were moderate to high in magnitude. The ASM was 168.94±0.71 days. The EP40 was 69.87±1.24 eggs with an egg weight of 55.11±0.22 g. The EM40 was 3840.02±67.52 g. The heritability estimate was low for EP40 (0.09±0.11). The gradual improvement in primary trait (SL6) in parent line will improve the performance in terminal cross ‘Gramapriya’ which ultimately benefits the farmers.
Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves and Tropical Cyclogenesis in a Semi-Lagrangian Framework

AbstractThis study examines how convectively coupled Kelvin waves interact with the semi-Lagrangian circulation of easterly waves to modulate tropical cyclogenesis. Recent studies have shown that fewer tropical cyclones form in the three days before passage of the Kelvin wave’s peak convection and more develop in the three days thereafter. Separately, other studies have identified the recirculation of moisture and vorticity within easterly waves using a semi-Lagrangian frame of reference. That framework is achieved by subtracting the easterly wave phase speed from the earth-relative winds. This study combines these recent findings by testing whether the equatorial westerlies from Kelvin waves can help close the semi-Lagrangian circulation.Past studies have shown that Kelvin waves tilt westward with height in the troposphere such that equatorial westerlies build upward from the surface in the days following the convective peak. This study shows that the easterly wave’s semi-Lagrangian closed circulation gr.
Life Cycle Stages and Debt Maturity in Brazilian Listed Companies

We have analyzed the association between firms’ life cycle stages (LCSs) and their debt maturity (DM). This paper deepens the discussion on capital structure from the perspective of the LCSs’ dynamic effect associated with DM. The sample was composed by secondary data from 370 (non-financial) Brazilian listed companies in the period from 2010 to 2019, gathered quarterly. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, tests of differences between means and regression analysis from panel data. The results showed that the DM presents no association with LCS, following an inverted U-shape. It has been observed that the maturity stage had a positive effect on the DM, however, as companies move towards the shake-out and decline stages, DM experiences successive reductions. The findings are relevant for providing insights for future research. In addition, they have the potential to contribute to managers, board members, credit committees, capital providers in general, risk management process, and resource allocation.
Design of a novel crack-free precipitation-strengthened nickel-based superalloy and composites for laser powder bed fusion

ABSTRACT Avoiding cracking defects is crucial to ensuring processability in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of metallic materials. In this study, a crack-free Ni-based superalloy with a high volume fraction of the γ′ phase was designed for the LPBF process using the thermodynamic approach. The results indicate that the designed SD01 Ni-based alloy was crack-free and over 21% of the spherical γ′ phase was uniformly distributed in the matrix after heat treatment. In addition, 1 wt. % TiB2 particles were introduced into the SD01 alloy to further enhance high-temperature mechanical performance. It was found that the morphology of the γ′ phase was altered from spherical to cubic structures, and its volume fraction increased from 21% to 40% after the TiB2 addition. The SD01-TiB2 composite exhibited an excellent combination of tensile strength (437.43 MPa) and elongation (7.71%) at 900 °C compared with the SD01 alloy (252.03 MPa, 3.02%). These findings provide a new metallic material design method for the LPBF of crack-free high-performance Ni-based materials.
Smarter and Prosperous: Digital Transformation and Enterprise Performance

Using manually constructed enterprise digital data from 2012 to 2020, this paper innovatively constructs an enterprise digitalization index to explore its impact on enterprise performance and discusses the potential channels of digitalization on enterprise performance. The findings show that (1) digitalization has a significant positive effect on firm performance, and this finding holds after a series of robustness tests. (2) Digitalization improves firm performance by reducing external management costs and strengthening internal controls. The mediating effects model tests the potential impact mechanism of digitalization on firm performance. (3) The effect of digitalization on the performance of state-owned enterprises is greater than for non-state-owned enterprises. The results of the heterogeneity analysis provide policy recommendations for the development of digital transformation of enterprises. Overall, this study provides new insights into the relationship between digitalization and firm performance.
Exposure to Specific Types of Alcohol-Related SNS Content and Adolescents’ (Underage) Drinking: A Two-Wave Daily Diary Study

ABSTRACT Adolescents encounter various types of alcohol-related posts on social media, but little research has distinguished between them. Yet, building on social modeling processes, alcohol posts showing friends (i.e. friend-focused) vs. solely focusing on alcohol (i.e. alcohol-focused) might differently affect adolescents’ drinking behavior. In addition, most research on the topic has ignored short-term within-person effects and possible age-related differences. This two-wave daily diary study among Belgian adolescents (N = 266, Mage = 15.83), therefore, examines how exposure to friend-focused vs. alcohol-focused posts predicts adolescents’ drinking behavior while also considering the moderating effect of the legal drinking age. The results show that exposure to friend-focused – but not alcohol-focused posts – increased adolescents’ chances of drinking on both the between and daily within-person levels. However, the within-person results appeared to be conditional because the probability to drink after seeing friend-focused posts increased for adolescents below 16 years of age but decreased for adolescents above 16 years of age. Theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed.
Vector-Galileon-Tensor theories of gravity

A detailed study of the cosmological evolution in a particular vector-tensor theory of gravity with a potential and a Galileon-motivated interaction terms is presented. The evolution of vector field self-interactions that are relatively related to Galileon fields throughout the expansion history of the universe is considered and a classification of the parameters M (mass term) and H (Hubble parameter) according to the behaviour of the field in each cosmological epoch is carried out. In particular, we obtain conditions for the parameters so that the field grows exponentially or oscillates with decreasing amplitude. We also obtain an autonomous system for the inflationary case. The general features of the phasemaps are given and the critical point is appropriately characterised. It is not possible to obtain an autonomous system for radiation and matter dominated epochs hence, we consider other analytical methods. We obtain eigenvalues and hence, phasemaps. The general features of the phasemaps are given and the point to which the trajectories on the phasemaps converge is appropriately characterised. Therefore, we show that it is possible to obtain a wide variety of behaviours or interesting phenomenologies for the cosmological evolution of vector field self-interactions that are relatively related to Galileon fields by choosing suitable values for the parameters M and H of given conditions.
Optimized Planning of DU/CU Placement and Flow Routing in 5G Packet Xhaul Networks

Packet-switched Xhaul networks (PXNs) have been proposed as a cost-effective and scalable solution for provisioning of connectivity between densely located radio antenna (remote) units (RU) and distributed (DU) / central (CU) processing units in 5G Radio Access Networks (RANs). A PXN enables statistical multiplexing of different data flows, such as fronthaul, midhaul, and backhaul flows, and their routing over a commonly shared packet transport network, thus increasing network flexibility and decreasing bandwidth requirements. The decisions concerning the placement of virtualized DU and CU entities at selected processing nodes and the selection of paths for routing of data flows between these nodes have a direct impact on flow latencies. In addition, buffering of packets in switches introduces dynamic, flow-dependent latencies, which as well have to be accounted for in latency-sensitive 5G RANs. In this work, we address a network planning problem that concerns the joint latency-aware placement of DUs/CUs and routing of data flows (LADCPR) for a set of RUs in a 5G RAN connected using a PXN. We model the LADCPR problem as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization problem and propose two reformulations of the model that facilitate its solving. Since the MILPs have limited scalability, we develop two heuristic algorithms, based on problem decomposition and an iterative search approach. Numerical experiments performed in different network scenarios show that the algorithms are capable of generating good-quality solutions to the LADCPR problem. Also, they can optimize larger network instances – consisting of tens of switches, a number of routing paths, and comprising some hundreds of demands – within relatively low algorithm run times.
Genotypic Variation of Purple Rice in Response to Shading in Yield, Anthocyanin Content, and Gene Expression

Purple rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains anthocyanin, which acts as an antioxidant and functional food for humans. The levels of anthocyanin growth and production in rice are mainly controlled by the availability of light. However, shade can affect anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the yield and anthocyanin content among four purple rice varieties, which provide the difference in colors of purple and green leaves. This study also evaluated gene expression affected by shading treatment to understand the relation of grain anthocyanin and expression level. This research was conducted using a split plot design using four levels of shading (levels of shading from anthesis to maturity) with three replications, no shading, 30% shading, 50% shading, and 70% shading, as the main plots and purple rice varieties as subplots, KJ CMU-107, K2, K4, and KDK10, from anthesis to maturity. Shading significantly decreased yield and yield components, but increased grain anthocyanin content. Nonetheless, the response of yield and grain anthocyanin content to shading did not show a significant different between purple and green leaf varieties. In addition, the level of OsDFR gene expression was different depending on the shading level in four rice varieties. The OsDFR gene presented the highest expression at shading levels of 30% for K4 and 50% for KDK10, while the expression of the OsDFR gene was not detected in the purple rice varieties with green leaves (KJ CMU-107 and K2). The response of grain anthocyanin and gene expression of OsDFR to light treatment did not show significantly differences between the purple and green leaf varieties, suggesting that the appearance of anthocyanin in leaves might be not related to anthocyanin synthesis in the grain. Taken together, the results suggest that some purple rice varieties were more suitable for planting under low light intensity based on a lower level of grain yield loss, strong shade tolerance, and high anthocyanin content in leaf and grain pericarp. However, it is necessary to explore the effects of light intensity on genes and intermediates in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway for further study.
Association of Metformin Use with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Urban Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Previous evidence yielded contradictory findings on the relationship between metformin and anemia. This study aims to assess whether metformin use is associated with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Beijing, China. Methods: Overall, 60,327 newly diagnosed T2D patients were included based on a historical cohort study design. The information pertaining to these patients was gathered from the Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees Database. These patients were then categorized into the metformin and non-metformin groups and matched on a 1:1 propensity score based on their initial antidiabetic prescription. The Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to calculate the incidences and the hazard ratios (HRs). Results: The study enrolled 27,960 patients with type 2 diabetes, with 13,980 patients in each of the initial glucose-lowering prescription groups: metformin and non-metformin. During a median follow-up period of 4.84 years, 4832 patients developed IDA. The incidence of IDA was significantly lower in the metformin group (26.08/1000 person-years) than in the non-metformin group (43.20/1000 person-years). Among the three groups divided by the proportion of days covered by metformin, we found a negative correlation between the proportion of days covered by metformin and the risk of IDA. The risk of IDA in patients with a proportion of days covered by metformin of <20%, 20–79%, and ≥80% was 0.43 (0.38, 0.48), 0.37 (0.34, 0.42), and 0.91 (0.85, 0.98), respectively, compared to the non-metformin group. We also performed subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses: the incidence of IDA in the metformin group was lower than that in the non-metformin group in all subgroups, and the protective effect was more significant in subgroups of patients aged ≥65, with Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥2, and with gastric acid inhibitor use. Conclusions: In Chinese patients with T2DM, metformin treatment was associated with a decreased risk of IDA admission, and this risk responded positively to the proportion of days covered by metformin. These findings suggest that metformin may have a pleiotropic effect on IDA in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our study has important clinical implications for the management of patients with diabetes and other conditions that increase the risk of IDA.
Development of Contextual Integrated Electronic Temperature and Heat Modules Based on Qur’an Verses at MTsN 3 Tulungagung

This research contributes to the priorities of "Merdeka Belajar 2021", digitization of schools and learning media, and character education. This study used research and development (R&D) by Borg and Gall, modified by Sugiyono. In this method, there were ten research steps, which are then limited to seven steps. The seven steps are potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, and product revision I. The instruments used came from the validation sheets of material and media experts, as well as electronic module readability questionnaires from MTsN 3 Tulungagung students. Data analysis used linkert scales 1-4. Validation results from media and material experts show valid criteria based on the attractiveness of the appearance and depth of the material, both in terms of contextual aspects and its integration with the Qur’an. Based on the test results, the electronic module is very interesting because it is presented interactively.
A comparison of methods for estimating the geoelectric field

The geoelectric field is the primary input used for estimation of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in conducting systems. We compare three methods for estimating the geoelectric field given the measured geomagnetic field at four locations in the U.S. during time intervals with average Kp in the range of 2–3 and when the measurements had few data spikes and no baseline jumps. The methods include using (1) a preexisting 1‐D conductivity model, (2) a conventional 3‐D frequency domain method, and (3) a robust and remote reference 3‐D frequency domain method. The quality of the estimates is determined using the power spectrum (in the period range 9.1 to 18,725 s) of estimation errors along with the prediction efficiency summary statistic. It is shown that with respect to these quality metrics, Method 1 produces average out‐of‐sample electric field estimation errors with a variance that can be equal to or larger than the average measured variance (due to underestimation or overestimation, respectively), and Method 3 produces reliable but slightly lower quality estimates than Method 2 for the time intervals and locations considered.
Investigation of the Origin of High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield in Thienyl-S,S-dioxide AIEgens Oligomers by Temperature Dependent Optical Spectroscopy

The development of organic molecules showing high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in solid state is a fundamental step for the implementation of efficient light emitting devices. In this work the origin of the high PLQY of two trimers and two pentamers having one central thiophene-S,S-dioxide unit and two and four lateral thiophene or phenyl groups, respectively, is investigated by temperature dependent photoluminescence and time resolved photoluminescence measurements. The experimental results demonstrate that the molecules with lateral phenyl rings show higher PLQY due to a weaker coupling with intramolecular vibrations—related to variations in the radiative and non-radiative decay rates—and indicate different molecular rigidity as the main factors affecting the PLQY of this class of molecules.
(Un)equal demands and opportunities: Conceptualizing student navigation in undergraduate engineering programs

It is well known that earning a bachelor's degree in engineering is a demanding task, but ripe with opportunity. For students from historically excluded demographic groups, this task is exacerbated by oppressive circumstances. Although considerable research has documented how student outcomes differ across demographic groups, much less is known about the dynamic processes that marginalize some students.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Homologous and Heterologous Adenoviral-Vectored and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens in Radiotherapy Patients

Diminished immune response after vaccination occurs in cancer patients. This observational study evaluated the immune response and safety profile after COVID-19 vaccination in radiotherapy patients. The study comprised 53 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and voluntarily received the COVID-19 vaccine. The two regimens were homologous ChAdOx1-S recombinant (AstraZeneca, AZ), “AZ-AZ” and heterologous “AZ-mRNA”. The seroconversion rate and anti-RBD immunoglobulin geometric mean titers (GMT) were assessed and compared with healthy controls. Adverse effects were assessed using a questionnaire. The seroconversion rate was 52.4% 1 month after the first dose with GMT 4.3 U/mL (95%CI 1.4–13). Following the second dose, the AZ-AZ group achieved 95% seroconversion rate with GMT = 188.4 U/mL (95%CI 67.1–529), which was significantly lower than the healthy cohort, GMT = 945 U/mL (95%CI 708–1261). Cancer patients in AZ-mRNA group achieved a 100% seroconversion rate with a high GMT = 1400.8 U/mL (95%CI 429.5–4566), which was significantly lower than the healthy cohort, GMT = 5169.9 U/mL (95%CI 3582.2–7461.5). Most adverse effects were mild. Our findings suggest that radiotherapy patients had fair immunogenicity after the first dose, but achieved a high seroconversion rate after the second dose with manageable adverse effects. However, their immunologic response was lower than in healthy individuals, indicating that other preventive strategies are needed.
Finite-Time Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Nonlinear Systems With Full State Constraints

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy controller is constructed to address the finite-time tracking control problem for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems, where the full state constraints are strictly required in the systems. Backstepping design with a tan-type barrier Lyapunov function is proposed. Meanwhile, fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. The addressed control scheme guarantees that the output is followed the reference signals within a bounded error, and all the signals in the closed-loop system are bounded. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Police recruit narratives and publicly oriented vocabularies of motive

Although who chooses to become a police officer and why they do so is pivotal for understanding policing, few studies explore recruit motivations. We help to fill this research void through analysis of open-ended narratives penned by police recruits during the academy in a large rust belt city explaining why they want to become police officers, supplemented with qualitative follow-up interviews conducted with randomly selected participants. Of the existing studies on police recruit motivation, nearly all use fixed-response surveys of researcher-selected answers. Despite our respondents being completely free to use their own words, their motivations demonstrate a striking similarity to the findings of previous literature. These stated motivations of altruism and community concern also stand in stark contrast to the public behaviors of police. We suggest this consistency in stated motivations and disconnect with public behavior evinces a publicly oriented vocabulary of motive in which police recruits are attempting to voice the “appropriate” reasons for joining the force.