Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Observation Error Inflation for Assimilating All-Sky Satellite Radiance

AbstractAn empirical flow-dependent adaptive observation error inflation (AOEI) method is proposed for assimilating all-sky satellite brightness temperatures through observing system simulation experiments with an ensemble Kalman filter. The AOEI method adaptively inflates the observation error when the absolute difference (innovation) between the observed and simulated brightness temperatures is greater than the square root of the combined variance of the uninflated observational error variance and ensemble-estimated background error variance. This adaptive method is designed to limit erroneous analysis increments where there are large representativeness errors, as is often the case for cloudy-affected radiances, even if the forecast model and the observation operator (the radiative transfer model) are perfect. The promising performance of this newly proposed AOEI method is demonstrated through observing system simulation experiments assimilating all-sky brightness temperatures from GOES-R (now GOES-16) .
Kinematic assessment of subject personification of human body models (THUMS)

The goal of this study was to quantify the effect of improving the geometry of a human body model on the accuracy of the predicted kinematics for 4 post-mortem human subject sled tests. Three modifications to the computational human body model THUMS were carried out to evaluate if subject personification can increase the agreement between predicted and measured kinematics of post-mortem human subjects in full frontal and nearside oblique impacts. The modifications consisted of: adjusting the human body model mass to the actual subject mass, morphing it to the actual anthropometry of each subject and finally adjustment of the model initial position to the measured position in selected post-mortem human subject tests. A quantitative assessment of the agreement between predicted and measured response was carried out by means of CORA analysis by comparing the displacement of selected anatomical landmarks (head CoG, T1 and T8 vertebre and H-Point). For all three scenarios, the more similar the human body model was to the anthropometry and posture of the sled tested post-mortem human subject, the more similar the predictions were to the measured responses of the post-mortem human subject, resulting in higher CORA score.
The role of nuclear medicine tracers for prostate cancer surgery: from preoperative to intraoperative setting

Purpose of review There has been a growing interest in the use of novel molecular imaging modalities for the management of prostate cancer (PCa), spanning from diagnostic to therapeutic settings. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recently published studies investigating the use of novel nuclear medicine tracers across different stages of PCa management. Recent findings Emerging evidence supports the use of molecular imaging for preoperative staging of PCa, where prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET has shown superior accuracy compared to conventional imaging for the detection of nodal and distant metastases, which needs to be translated to new risk stratification. A role for PSMA PET has been proposed for PCa diagnosis, with local activity associated with histology. Surgical guidance, using either visual feedback or gamma-ray detectors to identify tissues with accumulated radio-labeled tracers, may improve the ability to resect locoregional diseases and thus maximize oncological control. PSMA targeted therapy (Lu-PSMA) has been mainly investigated in the castration-resistant setting, but might have a role in earlier settings such as neoadjuvant treatment. Summary Novel molecular imaging using PSMA-based tracers could significantly improve PCa management in the diagnosis, staging, and intraoperative guidance settings, potentially leading to personalized and effective treatment decisions.
Topography of the lubrication film under a pancake droplet travelling in a Hele-Shaw cell

Understanding the dynamics of a droplet pushed by an external fluid in a confined geometry calls for the identification of all the dissipation mechanisms at play in the lubrication film between droplet and cell wall. Experimentally, reflection interference contrast microscopy has proven an efficient tool to measure the thickness of such lubrication films for microfluidic droplets, with a precision of a few nanometres (Huerre et al., Lab on a Chip, vol. 16 (5), 2016, pp. 911–916). The present work takes advantage of the high accuracy of this technique to chart quantitatively the lubrication film between oil droplets and the glass wall of a microfluidic chamber. We find that the lubrication films exhibit a complex three-dimensional shape, which we are able to rationalize using a hydrodynamical model in the lubrication approximation. We show that the complete topography cannot be recovered using a single model boundary condition along the whole interface. Rather, surface tension gradients are negligible at the front of the droplet, whereas they significantly modify the film profile at the rear, where surfactant accumulation induces local thickening of the lubrication film. The presence of ravines on the sides of the droplet is due to three-dimensional effects which can be qualitatively reproduced numerically. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental investigation of such local effects on travelling droplets.
Evaluation of ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in epilepsy patients

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the perimacular ganglion cell complex (GCC) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements of epileptic and healthy individuals. Methods: The right eyes of 38 epileptic and 38 healthy individuals who had been using antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for at least 1 year were included in the study. Central macular thickness, perimacular GCC thickness and volume, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layers were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) device. Perimacular 1, 3, and 6 mm circle diameters of Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) were selected for GCC measurements. Results: In epilepsy patients, GCC was significantly lower in the 3 mm superior quadrant and 6 mm in all quadrants compared to the control group (P < 0.05). RNFL was significantly thinner in epilepsy patients only in the temporal-inferior quadrant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the patients who received AEDs as monotherapy and polytherapy (P > 0.05). Conclusion: We found that epilepsy patients had significant thinning in the GCC layers and temporal-inferior quadrant of RNFL compared to the control group. Our findings from the study show that early retinal changes in epilepsy patients, especially perimacular GCC layers, can be followed up with OCT.
Perpetrator Perceptions on the Emotions and Motivations Driving Technology-Facilitated Abuse in Relationships: A Story Completion Study

Technology-facilitated abuse in relationships (TAR) is a widespread social problem that has a significant impact on victim-survivors. Most contemporary evidence on TAR focuses on victim-survivor and practitioner perspectives rather than those of perpetrators who choose to enact this form of harm. Addressing this deficit, this study explored perpetrators’ discourses on emotions and motivations associated with engaging in TAR. Using story completion method, 35 self-identified perpetrators of TAR completed story stems describing scenarios that may precede the use of abusive online behaviors. Reflexive thematic analysis generated three themes. Abusive behaviors and negative emotions speaks to maladaptive experiences of anger and/or sadness that can precede a decision to use TAR. A loss of trust, a desire for control describes potential motives for using TAR. Finally, inhibitors of abusive behavior investigates rationales perpetrators use for avoidance of TAR behaviors, suggesting avenues for working with perpetrators to refrain from using TAR. We conclude by discussing policy, practice, and research recommendations including strategies for technology designers and suggestions for primary prevention and response to TAR.
PREDICTION OF PAPAYA FRUIT MOISTURE CONTENT USING HYBRID GMDH - NEURAL NETWORK MODELING DURING THIN LAYER DRYING PROCESS

In this work, a hybrid GMDH–neural network model was developed in order to predict the moisture content of papaya slices during hot air drying in a cabinet dryer. For this purpose, parameters including drying time, slices thickness and drying temperature were considered as the inputs and the amount of moisture ratio (MR) was estimated as the output. Exactly 50% of the data points were used for training and 50% for testing. In addition, four different mathematical models were ﬁtted to the experimental data and compared with the GMDH model. The determination coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) computed for the GMDH model were 0.9960 and 0.0220,and for the best mathematical model (Newton model) were 0.9954 and 0.0230, respectively. Thus, it was deduced that the estimation of moisture content of thin layer papaya fruit slices could be better modeled by a GMDH model than by the mathematical models.
Time-Dependent Changes in Risk of Progression During Use of Bevacizumab for Ovarian Cancer

Key Points Question How should bevacizumab be used in the treatment of ovarian cancer? Findings This cohort study analyzed published data of randomized phase 3 trials of bevacizumab in ovarian cancer found that the treatment outcomes of bevacizumab changed over time, with a markedly increased risk of tumor progression in the bevacizumab group after a predetermined discontinuation (ie, rebound). No such outcome was noted in settings of recurrent cancer when bevacizumab was continued until progression. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that administration of bevacizumab should be considered for its time-dependent effect.
Enhanced single‐base mutation diversity by the combination of cytidine deaminase with DNA‐repairing enzymes in yeast

The occurrence of random mutations can increase the diversity of the genome and promote the evolutionary process of organisms. High efficiency mutagenesis techniques significantly accelerate the evolutionary process. In this work, we describe a targeted mutagenesis system named MutaT7trans to significantly increase mutation rate and generate mutations across all four nucleotides in yeast. We constructed different DNA‐repairing enzyme‐PmCDA1‐T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) fusion proteins, achieved targeted mutagenesis by flanking the target gene with T7 promoters, and tuned the mutation spectra by introducing different DNA‐repairing enzymes. With this mutagenesis tool, the proportion of non‐C → T mutations was 10–11‐fold higher than the cytidine deaminase‐based evolutionary tools, and the transversion mutation frequency was also elevated. The mutation rate of the target gene was significantly increased to 5.25 × 10−3 substitutions per base (s. p. b.). We also demonstrated that MutaT7trans could be used to evolve the CrtE, CrtI, and CrtYB gene in the β‐carotene biosynthesis process and generate different types of mutations.
Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy in patients with advanced glaucoma

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in patients with advanced glaucoma. Methods: Records of 46 patients with advanced glaucoma were reviewed retrospectively in this single-center chart review. The main outcome measure was surgical success; intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and IOP lowering medication use were secondary outcome measures. Success was defined as an IOP of 18 mmHg or lower (criterion A) or 14 mmHg or lower (criterion B) and one of the following: IOP reduction >30% from baseline on the same or fewer medications or IOP ≤ of baseline on fewer medications as compared to baseline. Results: Forty-seven eyes were included in the analysis. The average mean deviation was -17.5 ± 7.2 dB (range −8.0 to -33.0). The average follow-up was 6.8 months (range 3.2–22.3). Success at 6 months was 91% for criterion A and 75% for criterion B (n = 33). Mean IOP was reduced from 19.3 ± 6 mmHg (12–40) on 3.7 ± 1.4 medications to 13.2 ± 5.8 mmHg on 1.6 ± 1.4 medications at the 6th post-operative month (P < 0.001 for both IOP and medications). At the last follow-up visit, 37 patients (78%) had an IOP of 14 mmHg or lower, and ten of these patients were unmedicated. Transient hyphema and IOP spikes were the most prevalent adverse events following surgery. Three eyes required further surgery for IOP control. None of the patients lost vision because of surgery. Conclusions: GATT is a viable surgical option in cases of advanced glaucoma. Careful patient selection and attentive post-operative management are imperative.
Predictive Ability of Frontal Assessment Battery for Cognitive Improvement After Shunt Surgery in Individuals With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Background: The predictive ability of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) for postoperative cognitive improvement in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is unstudied. Objective: To compare the predictive ability of the FAB and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for postoperative cognitive improvement in individuals with iNPH after shunt surgery. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of individuals with iNPH who had shunt surgery between January 2016 and October 2018. Individuals had completed the tap test and clinical evaluations (FAB, MMSE, Timed Up and Go [TUG]) both before and 24–48 hours after CSF tapping and after surgery. We excluded individuals without complete clinical evaluations and those with shunt surgery performed >6 months after CSF tapping. Factors associated with postoperative FAB and MMSE improvement as per the 2011 iNPH guidelines were extracted using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Independent variables were baseline FAB and MMSE scores, FAB and MMSE score changes and TUG amelioration rate after CSF tapping, Evans index, age, and days from CSF tapping to surgery and from surgery to postoperative assessment. Results: The mean number of days from CSF tapping to surgery and from surgery to postoperative assessment were 77.5 (SD = 36.0) and 42.0 (SD = 14.5), respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed significant associations in the univariate analyses of postoperative FAB improvement with baseline FAB scores (P = 0.043) and with FAB score changes after CSF tapping (P = 0.047). Conclusion: The FAB may help predict postoperative cognitive improvement after shunt surgery better than the MMSE.
Peripapillary retinal lesions: Is it multiple evanescent white dot syndrome?

Gass et al.[2] proposed that optic disc margin is a site for pathogen invasion. An alternate pathophysiology of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is sequential sublethal infection of photoreceptors via blood‐borne pathogens and spreading to the nearby cells. The optic disc swelling and the peripapillary lesions reported in MEWDS suggest that this site is important in the early stages of the disease. This could be responsible for symptoms such as loss of vision, scotoma, and photopsia. [3] Joo et al.[4] described centrifugal propagation of retinal spots in the nasal retina outside the major vascular arcade probably due to the alternate pathophysiology of MEWDS, as described previously [Table 1].
Neutralizing activity of a third dose of CoronaVac against Omicron subvariants within a 20-month follow-up study

ABSTRACT The durability of antibody responses induced by the three-dose of CoronaVac vaccination, especially against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, remains unclear. Here in our study, 160 plasma samples from 32 healthy individuals who received three doses of CoronaVac were longitudinally tracked for a period of 20 months. The results showed that a third homologous dose of CoronaVac efficiently increased the SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibody titers and enhanced neutralization activity against Omicron subvariants. The levels of IgG and neutralizing antibody declined from peak levels but remained detectable in most subjects over the course of the next 10–12 months. However, most of the individuals kept neutralizing titers against ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1, while they lost their neutralizing activities against Omicron B.1. 1.529, BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BA.2. 75.2 subvariants at 10–12 months post the third vaccination. Our results suggest that a fourth dose of vaccine may be necessary for uninfected individuals to confer higher neutralization against emerging Omicron subvariants.
Stabilization of a viscoelastic rotating Euler‐Bernoulli beam

In this paper, we consider a rotating Euler‐Bernoulli beam. The beam is made of a viscoelastic material, and it is subject to undesirable vibrations. Under a suitable control torque applied at the motor, we prove the arbitrary stabilization of the system for a large class of relaxation functions by using the multiplier method and some ideas introduced by Tatar (J. Math. Phys. 52:013502, 2011).
Analysis of mathematical abstraction on concept of a three dimensional figure with curved surfaces of junior high school students

The purpose of this study is to determine the process of abstraction of junior high school students on the concept of a Three Dimensional Figure with Curved Surfaces (TDFCS). Benefits of this research are to provide input to teachers in order to know the process of student abstraction, so it can be used as consideration in preparing lesson plans. The problem that is considered is how the process of student abstraction related to the concept of TDFCS. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with the subject of research is 25 students of Junior High School Students grade 9th. The main instrument in this study is the researchers themselves, tests abstraction and interview guidelines. Furthermore, three students were selected to be interviewed (from high, average and low ability based on their prior knowledge test). In this study, the abstraction used is a reflective abstraction with the following stages (1) recognition, (2) representation, (3) structural abstraction, and (4) structural awareness. The conclusion in this study shows that junior high school students generally still do not have abstraction abilities in the concept of TDFCS, so it becomes a necessity to do further research using learning models and appropriate teaching materials.
Theoretical results and numerical study on the nonlinear reflection and transmission of plane sound waves

The comparison between theoretical and numerical solutions of the reflection/transmission problem for the acoustic plane wave incident normally on the discontinuity surface between two nonlinear lossy media is presented. Numerical calculations made under the assumption that the two media have the same impedance, allow for singling out the effect of nonlinearities in the description of the reflection and transmission phenomena, so that they agree with theoretical predictions. It is shown that theoretically obtained and numerically calculated results mutually confirm themselves.
Gene therapy for organic acidemias: Lessons learned from methylmalonic and propionic acidemia

Organic acidemias (OA) are a group of rare autosomal recessive disorders of intermediary metabolism that result in a systemic elevation of organic acid. Despite optimal dietary and cofactor therapy, OA patients still suffer from potentially lethal metabolic instability and experience long‐term multisystemic complications. Severely affected patients can benefit from elective liver transplantation, which restores hepatic enzymatic activity, improves metabolic stability, and provides the theoretical basis for the pursuit of gene therapy as a new treatment for patients. Because of the poor outcomes reported in those with OA, especially methylmalonic and propionic acidemia, multiple gene therapy approaches have been explored in relevant animal models. Here, we review the results of gene therapy experiments performed using MMA and PA mouse models to illustrate experimental paradigms that could be applicable for all forms of OA.
Local Wave Activity and the Onset of Blocking along a Potential Vorticity Front

AbstractInteraction between a train of transient waves and a diffluent westerly jet is examined using a regional quasigeostrophic equivalent barotropic model with a (nearly) binary potential vorticity (PV) distribution. Unlike most previous studies, but consistent with the observed extratropical tropopause, cross-stream variation in the layer thickness is allowed to contribute to the discontinuity in PV. In all cases examined, short (i.e., barotropic) edge waves are continuously forced in the upstream, then migrate downstream, and eventually exit the domain. A quasilinear 1D theory based on the conservation of local wave activity predicts that no steady wave train can be maintained where the westerly zonal flow is decelerated below one-half of the initial value, at which point the wave envelope develops a migratory shock analogous to the Lighthill–Whitham–Richards traffic flow problem. Fully nonlinear high-resolution 2D calculations show that the wave train indeed undergoes a significant transformation on.
Advanced lattice Boltzmann scheme for high-Reynolds-number magneto-hydrodynamic flows

ABSTRACT Is the lattice Boltzmann method suitable to investigate numerically high-Reynolds-number magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) flows? It is shown that a standard approach based on the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) collision operator rapidly yields unstable simulations as the Reynolds number increases. In order to circumvent this limitation, it is here suggested to address the collision procedure in the space of central moments for the fluid dynamics. Therefore, an hybrid lattice Boltzmann scheme is introduced, which couples a central-moment scheme for the velocity with a BGK scheme for the space-and-time evolution of the magnetic field. This method outperforms the standard approach in terms of stability, allowing us to simulate high-Reynolds-number MHD flows with non-unitary Prandtl number while maintaining accuracy and physical consistency.
Acoustic perfect absorbers via spiral metasurfaces with embedded apertures

In this work, we analytically and experimentally present perfect acoustic absorbers via spiral metasurfaces composed of coiled channels and embedded apertures. Perfect absorption (reaching 0.999 in experiments) is realized with an ultra-thin thickness down to ∼1/100th of the operating wavelength. Owing to the superior impedance manipulation provided by the embedded apertures, perfect absorption with tunable frequencies is demonstrated. Our results would contribute to paving a way towards designing thin and light absorbers for the low frequency absorption challenge.In this work, we analytically and experimentally present perfect acoustic absorbers via spiral metasurfaces composed of coiled channels and embedded apertures. Perfect absorption (reaching 0.999 in experiments) is realized with an ultra-thin thickness down to ∼1/100th of the operating wavelength. Owing to the superior impedance manipulation provided by the embedded apertures, perfect absorption with tunable frequencies is demonstrated. Our results would contribute to paving a way towards designing thin and light absorbers for the low frequency absorption challenge.