Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels Reduce Network Excitability, Improving Adaptability and Energetics for Transmitting and Perceiving Sensory Information

Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK and SK) are ubiquitous in synaptic circuits, but their role in network adaptation and sensory perception remains largely unknown. Using electrophysiological and behavioral assays and biophysical modeling, we discover how visual information transfer in mutants lacking the BK channel (dSlo−), SK channel (dSK−), or both (dSK−;; dSlo−) is shaped in the female fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) R1–R6 photoreceptor-LMC circuits (R-LMC-R system) through synaptic feedforward-feedback interactions and reduced R1–R6 Shaker and Shab K+ conductances. This homeostatic compensation is specific for each mutant, leading to distinctive adaptive dynamics. We show how these dynamics inescapably increase the energy cost of information and promote the mutants' distorted motion perception, determining the true price and limits of chronic homeostatic compensation in an in vivo genetic animal model. These results reveal why Ca2+-activated K+ channels reduce network excitability (energetics), improving neural adaptability for transmitting and perceiving sensory information. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we directly link in vivo and ex vivo experiments with detailed stochastically operating biophysical models to extract new mechanistic knowledge of how Drosophila photoreceptor-interneuron-photoreceptor (R-LMC-R) circuitry homeostatically retains its information sampling and transmission capacity against chronic perturbations in its ion-channel composition, and what is the cost of this compensation and its impact on optomotor behavior. We anticipate that this novel approach will provide a useful template to other model organisms and computational neuroscience, in general, in dissecting fundamental mechanisms of homeostatic compensation and deepening our understanding of how biological neural networks work.
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS IN EGYPT 2015

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of highly contagious viral diseases of small ruminants with high economic losses due to the high morbidity and mortality. In Egypt, PPR in the last 10 years re-emerged again with high mortality in sheep flocks. There is no much data regarding the circulating Peste des petits ruminants’ virus and the epidemiological distribution in small ruminants. The study was carried out on a sheep flock of 50 rams aged of 9-12 months with clinical signs suggestive to PPR infection (fever, erosions of the buccal mucosa, pneumonia, diarrhea high morbidity and mortality). Buffy coat and lymph nodes from diseased and dead animals were sent for diagnosis and molecular diagnosis was confirmed using RT-PCR with specific primers targeting three genes; nucleo-capsid (N), fusion (F), and hemagglutinin (H). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the PCR products and revealed that, the circulating virus is belonged to lineage IV along with Ethiopian strain. Key words: peste des petits ruminants; molecular; epidemiological; diagnosis; Egypt MOLEKULARNA EPIDEMIOLOSKA STUDIJA KUGE DROBNICE V EGIPTU LETA 2015 Povzetek: Kuga drobnice (PPR; iz angl. peste des petits) je ena izmed zelo nalezljivih virusnih bolezni malih prežvekovalcev, ki zaradi visoke obolevnosti in umrljivosti povzroca visoke gospodarske izgube. V Egiptu se je v zadnjih desetih letih PPR znova pojavila z visoko smrtnostjo pri ovcah. O kugi drobnice in epidemiologiji te bolezni pri malih prežvekovalcih v literaturi ne najdemo veliko podatkov. Opisana raziskava je bila opravljena v credi 50 ovnov, starih od 9 do 12 mesecev, s klinicnimi znaki, ki so kazali na prisotnost bolezni PPR (zvisana telesna temperatura, erozije ustne sluznice, pljucnica, driska, visoka obolevnost in smrtnost). Za natancno diagnosticiranje bolezni je bil uporabljen del krvi, pridobljen s centrifugiranjem, ki vsebuje veliko levkocitov in trombocitov (angl. Buffy coat) in bezgavke obolelih in mrtvih ovnov. Z uporabo specificnih oligonukleotidov za dolocanje prisotnosti nukleotidne (N), fuzijske (F) in hemaglutininske (H). beljakovine v reakciji RT PCR smo na molekularnem nivoju potrdili prisotnost okužbe s povzrociteljem PPR. Analiza zaporedja genov in filogenetske analize so bile izvedene na produktih analize PCR, pri tem pa smo ugotovili, da virus pripada liniji IV skupaj z etiopijskim sevom. Kljucne besede: kuga drobnice; molekularna diagnostika; epidemiologija; Egipt
Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Care For Patients with Cardiogenic Shock

Cardiogenic shock is a clinical syndrome characterized by end organ hypo perfusion. It’s an irreversible condition may lead to cardiac arrest. Critical care nurses possess pivotal role in the assessment of patient with cardiac shock, providing treatment. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding caring of patient with cardiogenic shock. Setting: the study was conducted in coronary care unit at Heart hospital Assiut University. Study design: A descriptive research design was utilized in the study. Subjects The study included 40 nurses working in the mentioned setting. Tools: two tools were used for data collection, Tool one: nurses' knowledge assessment tool. Tool two: observational checklist regarding caring of cardiogenic shock patients Results: revealed that total knowledge level of nurses were (72.5%) unsatisfactory level regarding care of cardiogenic shock patients and (27.5%) of nurses had a satisfactory level. While total nurses practice level were (82.5%) had an inadequate level regarding care for patient with cardiogenic shock and (17.5%) had an adequate level. Conclusion: Nurses showed inadequacy of their knowledge and practices regarding care of cardiogenic shock patients. Recommendations: The study recommends that an education program regarding care of cardiogenic shock patients be designed, conducted and monitored for nurses working in the ICU.
A Study on the Optoelectronic Properties of Lead Chalcogenides Nanospheres Using a Combination of Experimental and Theoretical Approach

Various morphologies and cluster geometries of lead chalcogenides (PbX, X = S, Se, Te) have been studied in the size range of 2 - 200 nm. The nanosized PbX clusters that are smaller than their exciton Bohr radius would experience deviation of optoelectronic properties (bandgap and energy levels) in comparison to that of the bulk. The multi-exciton generation (MEG) could be resulted upon expansion of energy levels of the quantum confined PbX; would expedite their application in photovoltaic field. The MEG would favor the increment of photo-generated current and therefore an increment of efficiency (η) of a photovoltaic device could be expected. The characterization of the electronic and emitting states of the quantum confined PbX is however received less attention. This paper aims to validate realistic models of PbX and establish a correlation between the validated models with the experimentally fabricated PbXs based on their optical properties. The narrow bandgap PbX models i.e., (PbS)n, (PbSe)n and (PbTe)n; which n = 4 - 80 were evaluated as realistic models using geometry optimizations and harmonic frequency calculations at the level of B3LYP functional and lanl2dz basis set. The PbX thin films were fabricated using thermal evaporator at vacuum pressure of 1.0 × 10-5 Torr. A nanosphere morphology of the yielded PbXs was observed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The realistic .
Exchange Rate Volatility and the Relative Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on the Nigerian Economy: An ARDL Model Approach

In Nigeria, regrettably, exchange rate has continued to maintain steady disequilibrium trend over the years and its stability in the near future seems not to be possible given the unfavorable macroeconomic conditions such as high inflation rate, interest rate differentials, depletion of foreign reserves, structural deficiency in the economy which are among the factors responsible for exchange rate depreciation in Nigeria. This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of exchange rate volatility and the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth of Nigeria for the period 1981-2018 with specific objectives. ; to determine the effect of exchange rate volatility on economic growth in Nigeria, to ascertain the relative effect of monetary policy on economic growth in Nigeria, to investigate the relative effect of fiscal policy on economic growth in Nigeria and to determine the joint effects of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth in Nigeria. The specified model was estimated using the Autoregressive Distributive lag Model to determine the level of impact that one variable has on the other. While E-views 10 statistical software was employed in computing the result, time series data were obtained from World Bank national accounts data and OECD National Accounts data files and the study established that Exchange Rate Volatility (EXRVT) is ineffective on its effect and influence on economic growth (RGDP) of Nigeria, Broad Money Supply (LM2)had a negative a positive relationship with economic growth (RGDP) in the short run and in the long run at 5% level of significance while Inflation Rate (INFR) had a negative and statistical relationship with RGDP in the current year and also in the long run at 5% level of significance and finally, Total Government Expenditure (LTGEXP) had a negative relationship with RGDP in the short run and in the long run but statistically insignificantly at 5% level of significance. Based on the findings, the study recommended that efforts should be made to ensure exchange rate stability in order to stabilize Nigeria’s economy and that they government should do everything economically possible to strengthen the value of Naira in the FOREX market. This however excludes pumping billions of dollars into the FOREX market as this only creates a temporary economic condition.
ACTIVITY OF OXYGEN IN LIQUID IRON ALLOYS

The equilibrium of gaseous H/sub 2/O-H/sub 2/ mixtures with liquied iron is used to establish the activity coefficient of dissolved oxygen as log f/sub 0/ = -0.20 STA%O! Discrepancies in earlier work are explained or eliminated. Additions of cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, and platinum increase the activity coefficient of oxygen whereas copper and gold decrease it. (auth)
Autotrophic and heterotrophic indicators of ecological impairment in Toronto Harbour and coastal Lake Ontario

The Toronto and Region Area of Concern (also known as Toronto Harbour) includes 42 km of Lake Ontario coastline and 6 watersheds. Over 4 million people reside within its boundaries which includes the City of Toronto (Ontario, Canada). We sampled eleven sites along the Lake Ontario coastline approximately monthly with 6 cruises from May to early November. Our analyses included standard water quality indicators (total phosphorus, nitrate + nitrite, chlorophyll a) in addition to a robust suite of autotrophic and heterotrophic indicators of ecosystem health, specifically: primary productivity and bacterial growth assays, phytoplankton biomass assessments, and microbial loop assessments. The sites were compared using mean values from May – November. Results from the offshore waters of Lake Ontario, the Bay of Quinte and Hamilton Harbour have also been presented for comparative purposes. The highest mean values observed in Toronto Harbour for total phosphorus (26.5 µg l−1) and chlorophyll a (6.2 µg l−1) which were both in the inner harbour suggested mesotrophic conditions, although the majority of observations suggested oligotrophy. With respect to autotrophic indicators, primary productivity at the mouth of the Humber River as well as the inner harbour (averaging 15 – 20 mg C m−3 h−1) suggested mesotrophy whereas the remaining sites were more oligotrophic. Phytoplankton biomass (≈400 – 1000 mg m−3) suggested oligotrophy. There was a surprising amount of heterotrophic microbial activity at the Humber Bay and inner harbour sites which were influenced by the Humber and Don Rivers. This included elevated rates of bacterial production (≈2 – 3 mg C m−3 h−1) and a high biomass of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (≈1300 – 2600 mg m−3) which was not likely sustained by the autotrophic production. Our findings suggest that a significant amount of organic matter is being deposited by these two rivers and shunted to the microbial food web. Such findings are not obvious from standard indicators (e.g. total phosphorus, chlorophyll a). More work is needed to quantify the sources of organic carbon and assess its utility as ecological indicators.
Tranexamic Acid Modulation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Amino Acid Receptors: A Potential Mechanism for Postoperative Seizures

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that is used worldwide to reduce blood loss in a variety of hemorrhagic conditions. TXA causes seizures and myoclonic spasms, particularly during the postoperative period, and these seizures are associated with a higher incidence of neurological complications, longer recovery times, and higher mortality rates. The molecular mechanisms underlying TXA-associated seizures remain poorly understood and there are no effective treatment or prevention strategies. One potential mechanism by which TXA may give rise to seizures is by shifting the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Specifically, TXA could promote hyperexcitability by enhancing the function of excitatory amino acid receptors (NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors). Alternatively, TXA could cause disinhibition by reducing the activity of inhibitory receptors (GABA and glycine receptors). The purpose of this thesis is to identify molecular targets that are sensitive to clinically relevant concentrations of TXA. TXA is a structural analogue of the amino acid glycine. Thus, we hypothesized that TXA acts as an agonist at the glycine binding site of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor. Alternatively, we postulated that TXA acts as a competitive antagonist of the glycine receptor. Further, we postulated that drugs that reverse TXA actions on excitatory or inhibitory receptors can be used to mitigate or prevent TXA-associated seizures.
Liquid water transport in fuel cell gas diffusion layers

Liquid water management has a major impact on the performance and durability of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a PEMFC provides pathways for mass, heat, and electronic transport to and from the catalyst layers and bipolar plates. When the GDL becomes flooded with liquid water, the PEMFC undergoes mass transport losses that can lead to decreased performance and durability. The work presented in this thesis includes contributions that provide insight into liquid water transport behaviour in and on the surface of the GDL, as well as insight into how future GDLs could be designed to enhance water management. The effects of compression on liquid water transport in the GDL and on the microstructure of the GDL are presented. It was found that compressed regions of the GDL provided preferential locations for water breakthrough, while scanning
Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels and Plant Geometry, in relation to Growth Characters and Yield of Brown Top Millet [Brachiaria ramosa (L.)] at Bastar Plateau Zone of Chhattisgarh

Browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf; Panicum ramosum L. ) is an introduced annual grass that originated in South-East Asia. It is grown in Africa, Arabia, China and Australia, Clayton et al (2006). It was introduced to the United States from India in 1915 (Oelke et al., 1990). In the US, it is mainly grown in the South-East for hay, pasture and game bird feed. The browntop millet, called korale in Kannada, is specially grown in rainfed tracts of Tumakuru, Chitradurga and Chikkaballapura districts of Karnataka state. The crop is popular in this region in terms of cultivation and consumption. This millet seed is grown in a variety of soils and climates. Like other millets, it is a hardy crop and well suited for dry land (Bhat et al 2018).
Hoax news validation using similarity algorithms

News that is presented every day on social media dramatically affects the feelings, feelings, thoughts, or even actions of a person or group. Hoax News is one of them which is disturbing the public and raising noise in various fields, ranging from politics, culture, security, and order, to the economy. Inseparable from social media users. How every day, there is information on social media, which is not necessarily true so that people are provoked by hoax on social media. The news detection system in this study was designed using Unsupported Learning so that it does not require data training. The system was built using the Equation algorithm to calculate the validity of document similarity. Extraction results used to search for content related to user input using a detection engine, then the similarity value and the time needed to utilize hoax news are calculated. System validation testing by using a four text similarity algorithm called the Equation algorithm, the Levenshtein algorithm, the Smith-Waterman algorithm, the Damerau Levenshtein algorithm; this algorithm is used to find the best analytical solution of news hoaxes and submissions needed to find the news hoax password. The final results of the deception detection research using a script that has been done for Validation using an algorithm, get the value of accuracy in detection using the Smith-Waterman algorithm, which produces an accuracy value of text similarity of 99.29% and can be used a process of 6, 57 seconds, followed by the second sequence that is the similarity algorithm produces an accuracy of 75% and requires a processing time of 4.94 seconds, then the third sequence is the Levenshtein algorithm with an accuracy of 55.02% and requires a processing time of 5.49 seconds, and is used today is Damerau Levenshtein algorithm is 55.02% and requires a processing time of 7.54%. The results of research tests on this text can conclude the more text on the detection engine, the higher the verification value and the higher the time needed to process hoax news.
Análise da diversidade de isolados de Cowpea mild mottle virus em cultivares de feijoeiro convencionais e transgênicas resistentes ao Bean golden mosaic virus

With the importance of common bean crop and the lack of knowledge about molecular variability of Cowpea mild mottle virus, we aimed at analyze the intra-host variability of CPMMV on conventional and transgenic Bean golden mosaic virusresistant common bean cultivars. For this, five clones were obtained for each RT-PCR, which were performed at different CPMMV’s genome regions, with overlapping fragments. These five clones were sampled for all the different cultivars, sequenced and the analysis performed with sequences from the same plant. Fifteen different common bean genotypes from a field experiment were used. Viral accumulation was also measured by qRT-PCR on all cultivars in three replicates. In most cases, CPMMV populations from transgenic plants showed higher levels of variability in relation to those from conventional cultivars, at all genomic regions. The higher differences were verified on ORF 2, 5, and 6. The triple gene block (TGB) is the genomic region where populations presented higher nucleotide variability (π up to 0.15). At ORF 1, in contrast, isolates had around ten times lower variability levels. In contrast, nineteen recombination events were reported at this region, and only one at ORF 2 and one at ORF 6. No correlation between CPMMV accumulation and its variability was found. The virus accumulation values varied considerably across replicates, and no statistically significant difference in viral accumulation between genotypes could be detected. No difference between CPMMV levels on transgenic and conventional plants were found either. In general, the higher prevalence of different CPMMV variants in the transgenic lines and perhaps the lack of infection with BGMV were responsible for an increased variability assessed on the transgenic genotypes, and the latter will need further investigation.
KELAYAKAN USAHA BUDIDAYA ULAT SUTERA (BOMBIX MORI L.) BERDASARKAN ASPEK FINANSIAL KABUPATEN BOALEMO PROVINSI GORONTALO

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha berdasarkan aspek finansial dan tingkat sensivitas usaha budidaya ulat sutera. Data berupa arus kas tunai dianalisis menggunakan kriteria kelayakan investasi, yaitu Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate or Return (IRR), Gross Benefit-Cost Ratio (gross B/C), dan Payback Period . Hasil dari penelitian ini NPV pada skala usaha I menghasilkan nilai sebesar Rp 78,342,373 dan nilai NPV pada skala usaha II menghasilkan nilai sebesar Rp 432,249,449. Sedangkan nilai NPV pada skala usaha II sebesar Rp984,209,943. Berdasarkan kriteria kelayakan NPV, budidaya ulat sutera skala usaha I, II dan II layak dilaksanakan karena nilai NPV > 0. Nilai IRR pada skala usaha I, II dan III masing-masing 19.73%, 23.74%dan 26.95% lebih tinggi dari tingkat diskonto 12.50%. Dengan demikian, usaha ini dianggap layak berdasarkan kriteria IRR. Skala usaha I, II dan III memiliki nilai gross B/C1.11, 1.14 dan 1.16. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha budidaya ulat sutera layak dilakukan karena nilai Gross B/C> 1. Nilai Pay back Period (PBP) skala usaha I adalah 4.8 tahun, skala usaha II adalah 4.0 tahun dan skala usaha III adalah 3.54 tahun. Ketiga skala usaha dikatakan layak karena waktu pengembalian modal kurang dari umur proyek 25 tahun.Penurunan harga jual kokon sebesar 10% lebih berpengaruh pada kondisi usaha daripada peningkatan biaya operasional sebesar 10%. Usaha yang dijalankan hanya skala usaha III layak dijalankan pada penurunan harga jual kokon sebesar 10%. Dan pada peningkatan biaya operasional 10%, skala usaha II dan III layak dijalankan.
Increasing doses of potassium increases yield and quality of muskmelon fruits under greenhouse

ABSTRACT Potassium (K) influences the variables that determine quality of fruit and the concentration of phytonutrients to human health and therefore consumer preferences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of K in the nutrient solution (5, 7, 9 and 11 mM of K) on yield and quality of Cantaloupe fruits under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in pots using a completely randomized design with 15 replications. Analysis of variance, correlation, regression and multiple comparisons among means (Tukey p<0.05) were performed. Results showed higher values of yield, average fruit weight, equatorial diameter, pulp thickness, fruit firmness, soluble solids content, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of fruits at the concentrations of 9 and 11 mM of K. All variables, except equatorial diameter, increased their values as K concentrations increased, showing a lineal, positive and significant trend, which evidences that the optimal dose of K in muskmelon is higher than 11 mM, being suggested for future research, to evaluate concentrations above this value.