Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) in West Sumatra Province with Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) Cluster Map

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>The COVID-19 pandemic in West Sumatra Province indicates a greater number of cases and mortality. The spread of COVID-19 is related to the mobility of the population, so the potential for transmission between regions is difficult to control. This study aims to determine the local index used in evaluating the tendency for local spatial groupings and can show some form of spatial relationship. Spatial analysis were conducted on 2020 to analyze spatial distribution of Covid-19 in West Sumatera Province. Spatial relationship was assessed by Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA). Mapping can be done with the LISA cluster map. The data used is COVID-19 incidence data based on reports from district or city in West Sumatra Province in 4 June 2020. We used Open Geoda Software to analyze the spatial distribution. There is positive spatial autocorrelation and classification in hot spots, cold spots, and outliers in the spread of COVID-19 cases in West Sumatra Province. Hot spots were found in Padang City, Bukittinggi City, and Padang Panjang City. Cold spots also detected in several districts, that is </em><em>West Pasaman, Pasaman, Payakumbuh, Solok, Padang Pariaman, Pariaman, Sawahlunto, and Sijunjung. </em><em>The transmission of the COVID-19 case does not recognize regional boundaries, but the grouping of districts or cities based on regional vulnerability is important as part of local control efforts to allocate resources. Coordination and collaboration among local governments need to be strengthened in preventing transmission between regions and reducing the number of cases in vulnerable areas based on hot spots and cold spots from LISA cluster map. It’s necessary for intervention programs more focused and effectively. </em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keywords: COVID-19, Mapping, Spatial, Vulnerability</em></strong></p>
Epilepsy in Dravet Syndrome—Current and Future Therapeutic Opportunities

Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a developmental epileptic encephalopathy characterized by drug-resistant seizures and other clinical features, including intellectual disability and behavioral, sleep, and gait problems. The pathogenesis is strongly connected to voltage-gated sodium channel dysfunction. The current consensus of seizure management in DS consists of a combination of conventional and recently approved drugs such as stiripentol, cannabidiol, and fenfluramine. Despite promising results in randomized clinical trials and extension studies, the prognosis of the developmental outcomes of patients with DS remains unfavorable. The article summarizes recent changes in the therapeutic approach to DS and discusses ongoing clinical research directions. Serotonergic agents under investigation show promising results and may replace less DS-specific medicines. The use of antisense nucleotides and gene therapy is focused not only on symptom relief but primarily addresses the underlying cause of the syndrome. Novel compounds, after expected safe and successful implementation in clinical practice, will open a new era for patients with DS. The main goal of causative treatment is to modify the natural course of the disease and provide the best neurodevelopmental outcome with minimum neurological deficit.
Convected level set method for the numerical simulation of fluid buckling

‘Fluid buckling’ is a phenomenon characterized mainly by the existence of fluid toroidal oscillations during flow. It appears when a high viscosity fluid flows vertically against a flat surface and may occur in industrial applications, as in injection molding of a propergol in complex‐shaped cavities. These coiling or folding oscillations appear during the mold filling stage, leading to air entrapment. To understand and to model this free surface flow problem, a convected level set method is proposed. First, a sinus filter is applied to the distance function to get a smooth truncation far from the interface. Second, the reinitialization is embedded in the transport equation model, avoiding it as a separate step during calculation. In order to validate the method, numerical results are presented on classical interface capturing benchmarks. Finally, results are shown on two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional viscous jet buckling problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological Role and Aberrant Overexpression of Syntenin-1 in Cancer: Potential Role as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target

Syntenin-1 is a 298 amino acid protein codified by the melanoma differentiation-associated gene-9 (MDA-9). Structurally, it is composed of four domains: N-terminal, PDZ1, PDZ2, and C-terminal. The PDZ domains of syntenin-1 are involved in the stability and interaction with other molecules such as proteins, glycoproteins, and lipids. Domains are also associated with several biological functions such as the activation of signaling pathways related to cell-to-cell adhesion, signaling translation, and the traffic of intracellular lipids, among others. The overexpression of syntenin-1 has been reported in glioblastoma, colorectal, melanoma, lung, prostate, and breast cancer, which promotes tumorigenesis by regulating cell migration, invasion, proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and immune response evasion, and metastasis. The overexpression of syntenin-1 in samples has been associated with worst prognostic and recurrence, whereas the use of inhibitors such as shRNA, siRNA, and PDZli showed a diminution of the tumor size and reduction in metastasis and invasion. Syntenin-1 has been suggested as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer for developing more effective diagnostic/prognostic tests or passive/active immunotherapies.
Longitudinal spatial inhomogeneities in high-power semiconductor lasers

We study the spatial distribution of the temperature, gain, and carrier density along the longitudinal direction of a semiconductor laser cavity. In high-power laser diodes, the use of asymmetrical facet reflectivities creates a spatially nonuniform photon intensity profile and results in inhomogeneous temperature and carrier distributions along the active stripe. These profiles are determined from direct measurements of blackbody radiation and the spontaneous emission from the laser cavity. The temperature of the active stripe is observed to be significantly higher than that of the heat sink during lasing, and the effect of temperature on the modal gain spectrum is analyzed. We demonstrate that the local carrier density and optical gain within a laser are not pinned beyond threshold. A spatially inhomogeneous gain profile is possible in laser cavities as long as the threshold condition that the averaged round-trip gain equals the total losses is maintained. A theoretical model is presented which explains the observed experimental data. >
Effects of Display Response Latency on Brain Activity During Device Operation

Human–machine interface (HMI) devices have become multifunctional and complicated to operate, requiring better usability. Nevertheless, response latency (time lag between operation input and display output) negatively impacts device usability because it is stressful and reduces the operator’s sense of agency (SoA)—the sense that the operator is the one who is causing or generating an action. Stress and SoA information can be obtained by measuring physiological indicators, such as brain activity. This study was designed to investigate the effects of response latency on the operator’s brain activity state through near-infrared spectroscopy, which measures the brain activity state based on changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin ( $\Delta $ Oxy–Hb). In this study, 15 subjects performed a target-tracking task in which they rotated an HMI commander used as an in-vehicle device to manipulate LED markers on a display. The temporal response latency (0, 50, 100, and 150 ms) between manipulating the commander and the display response was introduced, and the subject’s brain activity, subjective evaluation, and performance efficiency were measured. The results revealed that brain activity differed depending on whether the latency was recognized rather than the latency length, and that $\Delta $ Oxy–Hb at the anterior prefrontal cortex of those who recognized the latency increased significantly, whereas that of those who did not recognize the latency did not increase. Specifically, latency perception activates the prefrontal cortex due to stress and the inability to prepare normally for the next action, and not recognizing latency inactivates the premotor cortex.
Separable MAP "filters" for the decoding of product and concatenated codes

Very efficient signaling in radio channels requires the design of very powerful codes having special structure suitable for practical decoding schemes. Powerful codes are obtained by using simple block codes to construct multidimensional product codes. The decoding of multidimensional product codes, using separable symbol-by-symbol maximum a posteriori filters, is described. Simulation results are presented for three-dimensional product codes constructed with the (16,11) extended Hamming code. The extension of the concept to concatenated convolutional codes is given and some simulation results are presented. Potential applications are briefly discussed. <<ETX>>
Three dimensional eddy current calculation using reluctance-conductance network formed by means of FE method

Reluctance-conductance network (RCN) for 3D eddy current calculation is presented. The proposed RCN has been formed by means of the FE method using the A-V formulation. The finite element is assumed to be an edge element in relation to magnetic potential A and a nodal element in relation to electric potential V. The edge values of A represent the loop fluxes in the reluctance network. The time derivatives of loop fluxes create electromotive forces in the branches of the conductance network. The RCN formed by the BE method has mutual reluctances and mutual conductances. To calculate the integrals that describe the conductances an approximate formula is proposed. This formula gives the model of rectangular prism without mutual conductances. An example of the application of the RCN method is presented. The results for the RCN with mutual conductances and the RCN without these conductances are compared.
Io: A Unique World in our Solar System

Jupiter’s moon Io is the most volcanically active world in our Solar System. Eruptions on Io sustain its atmosphere, feed the Jovian magnetosphere, and contaminate neighboring moons. This unique volcanic and tectonic activity is powered by tidal heating, caused by its gravitational interactions with Jupiter and other moons. The silicate crust of Io is coated with sulfur compounds, and its interior—one that is exceptional for an outer-planet moon—is composed of a metallic core and a silicate mantle that may host a magma ocean. Such spectacular large-scale volcanism and high heat flow provide insights into the processes that shaped all terrestrial bodies. Future exploration of Io would answer key questions and herald a new era of discoveries about the evolution of terrestrial planets and moons within our Solar System and beyond.
New Records of Species Taeniopteryx hubaulti Aubert, 1946 and Taeniopteryx schoenemundi (Mertense, 1923) (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae) in Serbia

Species Taeniopteryx hubaulti Aubert, 1946 and T. schoenemundi (Mertense, 1923) have been emphasized as endangered or vulnerable species in several European countries due to their local and limited distribution. More intensive research of these species on the territory of Serbia was conducted from 2011 to 2022. Taeniopteryx hubaulti was registered in seven localities. Five of these localities (Brusnička and Jerma rivers, the spring of the Raška River, and two localities on Grza River, spring and tufa barriers) were recorded as new sites of this species in Serbia. Two localities (Barska River and Lisinski Stream) had already been known from previous studies. The species T. schoenemundi was recorded in four new localities (Dulenska, Visočica, Temštica, and Trnavska rivers). Both species were found in waters with high oxygen concentration, relatively uniform low water temperature, and variable values of hardness, electrical conductivity, and pH values, with a small amount of inorganic nutrients. Considering the rare occurrence and prominent importance of these species as biological indicators of water quality and climate change, their findings have a great deductive value. This research represents an important contribution to the insight into the distribution of T. hubaulti and T. schoenemundi species.
A Comparison of Semilandmarking Approaches in the Analysis of Size and Shape

Simple Summary Landmarks are commonly used to investigate how objects vary in form. However, many objects present few identifiable landmarks. To remedy this, several approaches have been developed to densely match points between surfaces lacking readily identifiable landmarks. These matched points are termed semilandmarks. The investigator has to make choices about which approach to use and the eventual locations and density of semilandmarks. In studies of growth or evolution of biological material, landmarks represent points that, from prior knowledge, are equivalent in each individual at each stage of developmental or evolutionary transformation. Their differences in relative location over time describe the transformation. However, semilandmarks are located on specimens using algorithms that do not pay regard to development or evolution, and so the consequences of using semilandmarks on resulting analyses of developmental or evolutionary differences in form are unclear. In this study, we compare results among analyses based on landmarks and semilandmarks with each other and with analyses based only on landmarks. We find that while there is some consistency among findings from different semilandmarking approaches, there are also some differences, and that results from such analyses should be considered as approximations of reality that require cautious interpretation. Abstract Often, few landmarks can be reliably identified in analyses of form variation and covariation. Thus, ‘semilandmarking’ algorithms have increasingly been applied to surfaces and curves. However, the locations of semilandmarks depend on the investigator’s choice of algorithm and their density. In consequence, to the extent that different semilandmarking approaches and densities result in different locations of semilandmarks, they can be expected to yield different results concerning patterns of variation and co-variation. The extent of such differences due to methodology is, as yet, unclear and often ignored. In this study, the performance of three landmark-driven semilandmarking approaches is assessed, using two different surface mesh datasets (ape crania and human heads) with different degrees of variation and complexity, by comparing the results of morphometric analyses. These approaches produce different semilandmark locations, which, in turn, lead to differences in statistical results, although the non-rigid semilandmarking approaches are consistent. Morphometric analyses using semilandmarks must be interpreted with due caution, recognising that error is inevitable and that results are approximations. Further work is needed to investigate the effects of using different landmark and semilandmark templates and to understand the limitations and advantages of different semilandmarking approaches.
Excluding prepontine cistern from whole ventricle radiotherapy target volume in localized germinoma

Purpose The target delineation of whole ventricle radiotherapy (WVRT) in germinoma varies among radiation oncologists, especially regarding the inclusion of the prepontine cistern (PC). We evaluated the outcome of PC-sparing WVRT in localized germinoma. Materials and Methods We identified 87 localized intracranial germinoma patients who received radiotherapy (RT) following chemotherapy between 1999 and 2020. By institutional policy, RT for localized germinoma excluded PC from the target volume. WVRT was delivered to 65 patients (74.7%) and involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) to 22 patients (25.3%). The median dose was 45.0 Gy (range, 23.4 to 55.8 Gy) for the primary tumor and 19.8 Gy (range, 14.4 to 36.0 Gy) for the whole ventricle. We analyzed the dosimetric differences of the organs at risk between the PC-excluding plans and the PC-including ones. Results The median follow-up duration was 7.8 years (range, 1.0 to 22.5 years). The 10-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates were 86.3% and 90.9%, respectively. The recurrences occurred in eight patients (8.7%), including five patients after IFRT and three after WVRT. Five of them showed recurrences at lateral ventricles and only one patient experienced spinal cord relapse. However, no relapse in the PC occurred. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was not a significant prognostic factor. The dosimetric comparisons showed significantly lower mean doses to the brainstem and the cochleae when the PC was excluded. Conclusion WVRT for localized germinoma can safely exclude the PC in the target volume, reducing radiation dose to the brain stem. The target protocol needs to reach a consensus regarding the PC in prospective trials.
SQUID instruments and shielding for low‐level magnetic measurements

We have used a thick‐walled aluminum enclosure to provide low‐frequency shielding for biomagnetic studies with SQUID magnetic gradiometers. The shield provides an attenuation proportional to frequency above 1/3 Hz. A 24‐hole fractional‐turn SQUID gradiometer has been used in the enclosure to carry out studies of magnetoencephalography on humans. An ’’asymmetric’’ configuration for a second‐derivative gradiometer has been developed which provides a significant increase in sensitivity and resolution over more conventional symmetric arrays.
Static and dynamic functional connectome reveals reconfiguration profiles of whole-brain network across cognitive states

Abstract Assessment of functional connectivity (FC) has revealed a great deal of knowledge about the macroscale spatiotemporal organization of the brain network. Recent studies found task-versus-rest network reconfigurations were crucial for cognitive functioning. However, brain network reconfiguration remains unclear among different cognitive states, considering both aggregate and time-resolved FC profiles. The current study utilized static FC (sFC, i.e., long timescale aggregate FC) and sliding window–based dynamic FC (dFC, i.e., short timescale time-varying FC) approaches to investigate the similarity and alterations of edge weights and network topology at different cognitive loads, particularly their relationships with specific cognitive process. Both dFC/sFC networks showed subtle but significant reconfigurations that correlated with task performance. At higher cognitive load, brain network reconfiguration displayed increased functional integration in the sFC-based aggregate network, but faster and larger variability of modular reorganization in the dFC-based time-varying network, suggesting difficult tasks require more integrated and flexible network reconfigurations. Moreover, sFC-based network reconfigurations mainly linked with the sensorimotor and low-order cognitive processes, but dFC-based network reconfigurations mainly linked with the high-order cognitive process. Our findings suggest that reconfiguration profiles of sFC/dFC networks provide specific information about cognitive functioning, which could potentially be used to study brain function and disorders.
Mechanism of bright selective imaging of single-walled carbon nanotubes on insulators by scanning electron microscopy

Individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) produce highly bright images of the insulator surface around them when observed by scanning electron microscopy at low primary-electron voltage. We found that the insulator surface near SWNTs emits more secondary electrons due to electrons supplied through SWNTs connecting to the outside area of the primary-electron beam scanning. SWNTs are thus highlighted as bright lines corresponding to the electron-beam-induced current range around them. This technique provides a useful and effective way to investigate lateral growth morphology of SWNTs on the substrate.
Labs outside labs: miniprojects at a spring camp for future physics teachers

A ‘spring physics camp’ for future physics teachers proved to be an interesting optional informal complement of the standard pre-service training. A scholarly programme at the camp is based mainly on small ‘miniprojects’. This paper discusses the motivation and reasons for making such a camp, comments on some of its special features, presents selected topics of miniprojects, describes some technical aspects of how such miniprojects may be supported and tries to summarize the experience from 10 years of organizing the camp.
A 205 μm [N ii] MAP OF THE CARINA NEBULA

We present the results of a ∼250 arcmin2 mapping of the 205 μm [N ii] fine-structure emission over the northern Carina Nebula, including the Car I and Car II H ii regions. Spectra were obtained using the South Pole Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer (SPIFI) at the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO) at the South Pole. We supplement the 205 μm data with new reductions of far-IR fine-structure spectra from the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) in 63 μm [O i], 122 μm [N ii], 146 μm [O i], and 158 μm [C ii]; the 146 μm [O i] data include 90 raster positions which have not been previously published. Morphological comparisons are made with optical, radio continuum, and CO maps. The 122/205 line ratio is used to probe the density of the low-ionization gas, and the 158/205 line ratio is used to probe the fraction of C+ arising from photodissociation regions (PDRs). The [O i] and [C ii] lines are used to construct a PDR model of Carina. When the PDR properties are compared with other sources, Carina is found to be more akin to 30 Doradus than galactic star-forming regions such as Orion, M17, or W49; this is consistent with the view of Carina as a more evolved region, where much of the parent molecular cloud has been ionized or swept away. These data constitute the first ground-based detection of the 205 μm [N ii] line, and the third detection overall since those of COBE FIRAS and the Kuiper Airborne Observatory in the early 1990s.