Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE EVOLUTION OF ACCRETION RATES IN COMPACT OUTBURST SOURCES

Spectra in outburst sources are found to become soft in viscous timescales before going back to hard as in the pre-outburst phase. By using two component accretion disks we show that major characteristics of the spectral evolution can be reproduced. We find that the outburst is possibly caused by a sudden rise in viscosity which gradually converts the sub-Keplerian flow into a Keplerian flow. The decline of the viscosity reduces the Keplerian accretion rate, and the system goes back to hard states. We discuss the genesis of the characteristic shape of the hardness–intensity diagram and reproduce this for the well-known outburst source GRO J1655-40.
On the physics of aerobreakup

By using laser-induced fluorescence to visualize liquid drops that are suddenly exposed to supersonic gas streams, we show that the previously available experimental results, which are based on the shadowgraph method, allowed misinterpretations that have lead to inappropriate conceptualizations (and theory) of the physics that govern breakup at high Weber numbers (We>103)—instead of the Rayleigh–Taylor piercing, the dominant mechanism is shear-induced motion with a significant radial component and instabilities on the so-generated, stretched liquid sheet. At low Weber numbers (We<102), the new data reveal the quantitative features of multiwave piercing by Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities. The highly resolved images provide uniquely suitable benchmarks for direct numerical simulations of interfacial instabilities in general and of drop breakup in particular.
Quantifying the potential benefits of risk-mitigation strategies on present and future seismic losses in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Structural risk-mitigation measures have been shown to significantly reduce earthquake-induced physical damage and casualties in various regions worldwide. However, these benefits remain unknown or inadequately quantified for potential future events in some hazard-prone areas such as Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, which this article addresses. The analysis involves modeling an earthquake scenario similar to the 2015 Gorkha earthquake (moment magnitude 7.8) and using four exposure inventories representing the current (2021) urban system or near-future (2031) development trajectories that Kathmandu Valley could experience. The results predict substantial losses (€8.2 billion in repair/reconstruction costs and 89,199 fatalities) in 2021 if the building stock’s quality is assumed to have remained the same as in 2011 (Scenario A). However, a partial improvement of the building stock’s quality in the present (Scenario B) can decrease financial losses and fatalities by 17% and 44%, respectively. Moreover, under a “no change” pathway for 2031 (Scenario C), where the quality of the expanding building stock remains the same as in 2011, and the number of buildings is larger to reflect population growth, financial losses and fatalities will increase by 20% and 25% respectively over those of Scenario A. In contrast, further upgrades to the building stock’s quality by 2031 (Scenario D) would reduce financial and human losses by 14% and 54% respectively, relative to those of Scenario A. In addition, the largest financial and human losses computed in the four scenarios are consistently associated with the low- and middle-income population. The main findings of this article can be used to inform decision makers about the benefits of investing in forward-looking seismic risk-mitigation efforts.
Semi-permeable crack analysis in magnetoelectroelastic solids

This paper discusses various electromagnetic boundary conditions on the crack-faces in two-dimensional magnetoelectroelastic materials. For this purpose, a meshless method based on the local Petrov–Galerkin approach is developed to solve the initial-boundary value problems of two-dimensional cracked magnetoelectroelastic solids with nonlinear electrical and magnetic boundary conditions on the crack-faces. A Heaviside step function as the test function is applied in the weak form to derive local integral equations. Nodal points are spread on the analyzed domain and each node is surrounded by a small circle for simplicity. The spatial variations of the displacements, electric and magnetic potentials are approximated by the moving least-squares (MLS) scheme. After performing the spatial integrations, one obtains a system of ordinary differential equations for certain nodal unknowns. That system is solved numerically by the Houbolt finite-difference scheme as a time-stepping method. An iterative solution algorithm is developed to consider nonlinear electromagnetic crack-face boundary conditions.
Beliefs on environmental impact of wood construction

ABSTRACT People have different beliefs about the environmental impact of forest products. This quantitative web-survey study investigated public beliefs in Finland and Sweden about the environmental and climate impacts of using wood as a construction material for multi-story buildings. It was conducted with consumer panels reflecting the average populations of the two countries. The study analyzed factors affecting beliefs that multi-story Wood Buildings: (1) contribute to mitigating global warming, and (2) adversely impact biodiversity and the climate. It used consumer panel and multivariate statistics. Favorable climate-related beliefs were associated with Finnish nationality, male gender, age, children in household, university degree, and beliefs that climate change is induced by humans and causes weather disasters. Beliefs that wood buildings drive global warming and harm biodiversity were associated with non-rural residence, female gender, young age, children in household, low income, and beliefs that climate change causes weather disasters. No associations were recorded for current residence types. These findings highlight the importance of the wood construction industry to improve, document, and communicate to the public its impact on climate and biodiversity. They also indicate how market information can be formulated and targeted to communicate an accurate environmental image of wood construction.
Lactation performance and feed utilization of Rahmani ewes fed with either a newly produced bacteriocin-like substance or a commercial bacteriocin

Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of feeding a newly produced bacteriocin-like substance from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (PNP) with a commercial bacteriocin (NISEEN-S; CNP) in lactating Rahmani ewe diets. In experiment 1, the effects of four levels (500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 unit/kg substrate, dry matter (DM) basis) of both bacteriocins on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics, total gas production (TGP), methane production (CH4), and nutrient degradability were determined. In experiment 2, 2 wk before the expected parturition, 30 multiparous lactating Rahmani ewes (mean ± SD: 2 ± 0.3 parity, 46.8 ± 2.5 kg body weight, 23 ± 2.7 mo of age, and 370 ± 13 g/d of previous milk production) were equally divided into three treatments in a complete randomized design for 90 d. The ewes in the control treatment were offered a diet composed of 600 g of concentrate feed mixture, 300 g berseem hay, and 100 g of faba bean straw (Control), or supplemented with produced bacteriocin like substance (PNP) or commercial (CNP) bacteriocin at 500 unit/kg feed (DM basis). In experiment 1, both PNP and CNP linearly and quadratically decreased (P < 0.001) CH4 production; however, PNP and CNP at 500 unit/kg feed quadratically increased fiber degradability (P < 0.01). In experiment 2, both PNP and CNP increased (P < 0.05) nutrient digestibility, and ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetate, and propionate, while decreasing ruminal ammonia-N. The PNP treatment increased (P < 0.05) blood total proteins and albumin, while PNP and CNP treatments increase serum glucose. Both PNP and CNP treatments increased (P < 0.05) daily milk production and milk efficiency, without affecting the concentration of milk components. Both PNP and CNP are recommended to improve feed utilization and milk production, with superior results detected for PNP at 500 unit/kg feed daily.
Global Structure of Magnetotail Reconnection Revealed by Mining Space Magnetometer Data

Reconnection in the magnetotail occurs along so‐called X‐lines, where magnetic field lines tear and detach from plasma on microscopic spatial scales (comparable to particle gyroradii). In 2017–2020, the Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission detected X‐lines in the magnetotail enabling their investigation on local scales. However, the global structure and evolution of these X‐lines, critical for understanding their formation and total energy conversion mechanisms, remained virtually unknown because of the intrinsically local nature of observations and the extreme sparsity of concurrent data. Here, we show that mining a multi‐mission archive of space magnetometer data collected over the last 26 yr and then fitting a magnetic field representation modeled using flexible basis‐functions faithfully reconstructs the global pattern of X‐lines; 24 of the 26 modeled X‐lines match (Bz = 0 isocontours are within ∼2 Earth radii or RE) or nearly match (Bz = 2 nT isocontours are within ∼2RE) the locations of the MMS encountered reconnection sites. The obtained global reconnection picture is considered in the context of substorm activity, including conventional substorms and more complex events.
Neighbour balanced block designs for correlated errors

SUMMARY The paper considers a simple block model and assumes that the errors within the blocks are correlated, following a stationary first-order autoregressive process. Gill & Shukla (1985) consider this model, but they restrict the set of the competing designs to a small subset of the possible designs, the binary and equireplicate designs. In the present paper we show that the designs determined by Gill & Shukla are optimal over all possible designs for positive correlations and that neighbour balanced designs in general are highly efficient.
Correspondences of the Gelfand invariants in reductive dual pairs

Abstract For each complex reductive dual pair introduced by R. Howe, this paper presents a formula for the central elements of the universal enveloping algebras given by I. M. Gelfand. This formula provides an explicit description of the correspondence between the ‘centers’ of the two universal enveloping algebras.
Optimal discrete sliding mode control with application

Presented is a study of a design methodology for sliding surfaces for single-input discrete-time sliding-mode control systems. A viable robust algorithm is detailed. The primary result is the optimal design of discrete-time sliding surfaces with respect to a linear-quadratic criterion. This case is considered for both the cheap control and general versions. The cheap control formulation results in an explicit sliding surface, whereas the general case requires an iterative solution. The control system is applied to a pulse-width-modulated gantry crane problem, showing the effectiveness of the design method. <<ETX>>
Anisotropic spectra in two-dimensional turbulence on the surface of a rotating sphere

The anisotropic characteristics of small-scale forced 2D turbulence on the surface of a rotating sphere are investigated. In the absence of rotation, the Kolmogorov k−5/3 spectrum is recovered with the Kolmogorov constant CK≈6, close to previous estimates in plane geometry. Under strong rotation, in long-term simulations without a large-scale drag, a −5 slope emerges in the vicinity of the zonal axis (kx→0), while a −5/3 slope prevails in other sectors far away from the zonal axis in the wave number plane. This picture is consistent with the new flow regime recently simulated by Chekhlov et al. [Physica D 98, 321–334 (1995)] and Smith and Waleffe [Phys. Fluids 11, 1608–1622 (1999)] on the beta plane. The concentration of energy in the zonal components and breaking of isotropy are caused by the strongly anisotropic spectral energy transfer and the stabilization of zonal mean flow by the meridional gradient of the planetary vorticity. The sharp tilt-up of the spectrum along the zonal axis was qualitatively .
Analysis of the Phase Structure in Extended Higgs Models

We study the generation of the baryon asymmetry in the context of electroweak baryogenesis in two different extensions of the Standard Model. First, we consider an effective theory, in which the Standard Model is augmented by an additional dimension-six Higgs operator. The effects of new physics beyond a cut-off scale are parameterized by this operator. The second model is the two-Higgs-doublet model, whose particle spectrum is extended by two further neutral and two charged heavy Higgs bosons. In both cases we focus on the properties of the electroweak phase transition, especially on its strength and the profile of the nucleating bubbles. After reviewing some general aspects of the electroweak phase transition and baryogenesis we derive the respective thermal effective potentials to one-loop order. We systematically study the parameter spaces, using numerical methods, and compute the strength of the phase transition and the wall thickness as a function of the Higgs masses. We find a strong first order transition for a light Higgs state with a mass up to about 200 GeV. In case of the dimension-six model the cut-off scale has to stay between 500 and 850 GeV, in the two-Higgs-doublet model one needs at least one heavy Higgs mass of 300 GeV. The wall thickness varies for both theories in the range roughly from two to fifteen, in units of the inverse critical temperature. We also estimate the size of the electron and neutron electric dipole moments, since new sources of CP violation give rise to them. In wide ranges of the parameter space we are not in conflict with the experimental bounds. Finally the baryon asymmetry, which is predicted by these models, is related to the Higgs mass and the other appropriate input parameters. In both models the measured baryon asymmetry can be achieved for natural values of the model parameters.
Breast Cancer Prediction Using Fine Needle Aspiration Features and Upsampling with Supervised Machine Learning

Simple Summary Breast cancer is prevalent in women and the second leading cause of death. Conventional breast cancer detection methods require several laboratory tests and medical experts. Automated breast cancer detection is thus very important for timely treatment. This study explores the influence of various feature selection technique to increase the performance of machine learning methods for breast cancer detection. Experimental results shows that use of appropriate features tend to show highly accurate prediction. Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most common invasive cancers in women and it continues to be a worldwide medical problem since the number of cases has significantly increased over the past decade. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in women. The early detection of breast cancer can save human life but the traditional approach for detecting breast cancer disease needs various laboratory tests involving medical experts. To reduce human error and speed up breast cancer detection, an automatic system is required that would perform the diagnosis accurately and timely. Despite the research efforts for automated systems for cancer detection, a wide gap exists between the desired and provided accuracy of current approaches. To overcome this issue, this research proposes an approach for breast cancer prediction by selecting the best fine needle aspiration features. To enhance the prediction accuracy, several feature selection techniques are applied to analyze their efficacy, such as principal component analysis, singular vector decomposition, and chi-square (Chi2). Extensive experiments are performed with different features and different set sizes of features to investigate the optimal feature set. Additionally, the influence of imbalanced and balanced data using the SMOTE approach is investigated. Six classifiers including random forest, support vector machine, gradient boosting machine, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) are tuned to achieve increased classification accuracy. Results indicate that KNN outperforms all other classifiers on the used dataset with 20 features using SVD and with the 15 most important features using a PCA with a 100% accuracy score.
A Transient, Three-Dimensional Model of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering

An efficient numerical 3-D model of transient stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is reported. The model is used to examine the effects of transient phenomena on the efficiency of phase conjugation by SBS and the mode structure of the Stokes and pump pulse inside the SBS cell. The effect of parameters such as phonon lifetime, input pulse shape and input energy on the transient fidelity of SBS is investigated. A new transient phenomenon which causes SBS fidelity degradation at high focal intensity (short Rayleigh range) is examined.
Rheological behavior of highly concentrated aqueous silica suspensions in the presence of sodium nitrate and polyethylene oxide

The shear flow properties of aqueous silica suspensions at different solids loading in the presence of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and added salt (NaNO3) have been investigated. Particular attention is given to the evaluation of the role of electrolyte concentration, pH, and polymer concentration in viscosity reduction. The variation of the rheological properties with shear rate, solids loading, particle size, pH, electrolyte concentration, PEO concentration, and its molecular weight are discussed. The viscosity of the silica suspension was determined to be a decreasing function of the particle diameter and at 54% volume, the effect of particle size was scaled using Peclet number and relative viscosity of the suspension (hard sphere scaling). The flow properties of silica suspensions are highly affected by the pH of the suspending media and concentration of the added salt. At a fixed electrolyte concentration, the viscosity decreases by increasing pH, reaches a minimum, and then increases with further increa.
Factors Influencing Sexual Violence Situation Witnessing Experience: For Korean Occupational Soldiers

This study explored the influencing factors related to the possibility of a military colleague’s intervention by comparing the awareness of sexual violence, gender consciousness, social self-efficacy, and self-esteem of Korean occupational soldiers related to the experience of witnessing sexual violence. From 4 September to 3 November 2022, an online survey was conducted targeting occupational soldiers working in all regions of South Korea by collecting snowball samples with gender allocation applied. Subjects responded to questions about sexual violence awareness, gender consciousness, witnessing sexual violence, social self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Data were collected until the number of professional soldiers with witnessing experience met the minimum target number by checking whether they had witnessed sexual violence among the response results. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and logistic regression. There were 102 subjects (40.9%) who had witnessed sexual violence by their military colleagues, and there were significant differences in sexual violence awareness, gender awareness, and social self-efficacy according to whether they had witnessed sexual violence. Compared to the unexperienced group, the group who witnessed sexual violence by their military colleagues showed significantly higher sexual violence awareness by 2.01 times and social self-efficacy by 2.27 times. In order to prevent sexual violence among occupational soldiers, it is necessary for military colleagues to play the role of active bystanders and witnesses. To this end, it is necessary to develop an educational direction and bystander’s witnessing program related to the improvement of the unit’s sexual violence awareness, gender awareness, and social role as a soldier.
Effects of Pork Backfat Replacement with Emulsion Gels Formulated with a Mixture of Olive, Chia and Algae Oils on the Quality Attributes of Pork Patties

This paper reports on the development of new emulsion gels containing a mixture of olive, chia and algae oil emulsified with soy protein isolate and stabilized by two different cold gelling agents, gelatin (EGEL) and chitosan (ECHIT), and to evaluate their potential use as pork backfat replacers in cooked pork patties. Reformulated patties were produced by half and full pork backfat replacement and compared to normal fat patties and reduced fat content patties made by replacing half of the added fat with water. Color parameters, pH and thermal stability of the emulsion gels were determined at processing and after 10 days of refrigerated storage. Proximate composition, fatty acid profile, technological properties and sensory attributes were evaluated after patty processing, while color parameters, pH and lipid oxidation were monitored in patties during 15 days of refrigerated storage (4 °C). Reformulated patties showed significant improvements of the lipid profile (lower saturated fatty acid content and n-6/n-3 ratio and higher long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content) as compared to the controls. In terms of technological properties, chitosan was more effective than gelatin as a stabilizer of the emulsion gel. All reformulated patties showed a good evolution of lipid oxidation during storage and acceptable sensory attributes.
Synthesizing of Ultra-Wide Band Impulse by means of a Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna. Case Study for a Radar Stand Experiment

In this work, the approach of ultra-wide band pulses synthesizing is proposed using a broadband low-cost log-periodic dipole antenna and a vector network analyzer. Synthesis of UWB pulse (duration of 2.2ns) became possible due to minimization of antenna dispersion by compensation of amplitude and phase-frequency distortions introduced by the antenna into radiated and received pulse. The method had been developed for a down-looking antenna in a monostatic radar configuration. The antenna return loss was calculated using the model of two-port linear network with S-parameters. To calibrate the model, an original amplitude-phase method was proposed that requires measuring the antenna’s return loss when the antenna is located only at several heights above the reflecting surface (metal sheet). In this case, the antenna return loss in an empty room does not need to be measured. The proposed method for synthesizing UWB pulses does not require changes in the design of the antenna and can be implemented as an additional software calibration of the antenna-feeder path. The proposed method of UWB pulses synthesizing can be implemented using miniature, low-cost vector network analyzers for environment remote sensing from unmanned aerial vehicle using the UWB impulses.
Universal decoding for noisy channels: an algorithmic approach

It is shown that Ziv's (1985) decoding algorithm, which was originally shown to be universal for the family of all finite state channels with deterministic (but unknown) state transitions, is universal for the more general family of all finite state channels. It is also shown that the generalized maximum-likelihood decoder need not be universal even for families that admit universal decoding.