Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of natural crosslinkers on tooth surface: an in-vitro comparative evaluation of resin-dentin bond strength.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of natural crosslinkers proanthocyanidin, genipin and glutaraldehyde on shear bond strength at the composite resin-dentin interface . METHODS The in-vitro study was conducted at the Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan, from June to September 2018. Exposed dentin surfaces of extracted teeth were conditioned and randomly divided into proanthocyanidin, genipin, glutaraldehyde and control groups according to the type of surface treatment. The dentin surfaces were treated with 6.5% of primers proanthocyanidin, genipin, glutaraldehyde in the relevant groups, while teeth in the control group did not receive any primer application. After thorough rinsing, surfaces of all teeth were restored with a bonding agent and a restorative composite. After 24h, shear bond strength was tested at the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research laboratories in Lahore. Pattern of fractures and quality of interface were investigated microscopically at the Lahore campus of COMSATS University, Islamabad. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. RESULTS Of the 80 teeth, there were 20(25%) in each of the 4 groups. Surface treatment in the three intervention groups significantly raised the shear bond strength at the composite resin-dentin interface compared to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chemical modification with collagen crosslinkers improved bond strength at the composite resin-dentin interface.
Marginalization and Its Association with Dental Caries among 5-12 Years Old Slum Children in Central India

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess dental caries and associated risk factors among 5-12 year old slum dwelling children in Bhopal City, Central India. Methods: A total of 311 children were there in the 5-12 year old age group and all were examined. Information on demographic characteristics of participants along with parent’s literacy status, annual family income, oral health behaviors and visits to health personnel for dental needs were collected. Data was collected on dental caries of primary dentition (dmft) and permanent dentition (DMFT) using modified WHO criteria (1997). Linear and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with dmft/DMFT status. Odds ratio was calculated for all variables with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Ninety three (26.7%) and sixty (19.3%) children were having one or more decayed teeth (dt/DT) in primary and permanent dentition respectively. Mean dmft/DMFT scores were 0.69 ± 1.42 and 0.35 ± 0.90 in the primary and permanent dentition respectively. Variables in the dmft/DMFT model explained only 18.3% and 8% of the variance in the primary and permanent dentition. Conclusion: The study reveals exceptionally low dental care utilization and dental caries levels among slum dwelling children. Addressing marginalization will require a responsive and a caring workforce on the part of health authorities and government.
HOW DOES BRAND AWARENESS AFFECT PURCHASE INTENTION IN MEDIATION BY PERCEIVED QUALITY AND BRAND LOYALTY?

The study is to investigate the impact of brand awareness on purchase intention which mediated by the perceived quality and brand loyalty. The study was conducted in Samarinda City fast-food restaurant. This research collected and processed 80 respondents by using a questionnaire method. The questionnaires itself were using a Likert scale which was used to measure 16 indicators based on the PLS analysis method. The result found that brand awareness affects and has a significant effect on purchase intention and brand loyalty. Brand loyalty has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Brand awareness has a positive and significant effect on perceived quality. Perceived quality has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty and purchase intention. Brand loyalty can mediate the perceived quality of purchase intention while perceived quality can mediate brand awareness of purchase intention.
Global weak solutions to Landau-Lifshtiz systems with spin-polarized transport

In this paper, we consider the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert systems with spin-polarized transport from a bounded domain in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^3 $\end{document} into \begin{document}$ S^2 $\end{document} and show the existence of global weak solutions to the Cauchy problems of such Landau-Lifshtiz systems. In particular, we show that the Cauchy problem to Landau-Lifshitz equation without damping but with diffusion process of the spin accumulation admits a global weak solution. The Landau-Lifshtiz system with spin-polarized transport into a compact Lie algebra is also discussed and some similar results are proved. The key ingredients of this article consist of the choices of test functions and approximate equations.
A Cross Sectional Survey on Prevalence Rate and Physical Therapy Awareness of Cerebral Palsy in Panipat City

Aim: This cross-sectional study assessed prevalence rate and physical therapy awareness of cerebral palsy (CP) in Panipat city. Method:A total two hundred (107 male and 93 female) of age between 2 to 7 year subject with premature birth (< 36 weeks) and low birth weight (< 2500 g) participated in the study. A structured questionnaire which sought information on sociodemographics, gestational age, birth weight, mother history,neonatal history, MAS and DTR scale was used to obtain data from the respondents who were taken from all governmentand private hospitals/ nursing homes having obstetrics and gynaecology department. Result: More than one fourth of the respondents, 54 (27%) reported diagnosis was cerebral palsy hence 27.0% is reported prevalence rate and 42.6% was aware of physical therapy importance in cerebral palsy. There were significant associations between gestational age and low birth weight. A significant association was also found between delayed cry and birth asphyxia and cerebral palsy. Conclusion: It was concluded from the results of the present study that there was a high prevalence rate of CP and low physical therapy awareness in Panipat city. It was also found that cerebral palsy was significantly influenced by prematurity and low birth weight. Kanika Bhaskar, Shefali Kapoor, Jyoti and Vinay Jagga E-mail:kanikabhaskar4@gmail.com Prem Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation College Panipat(Haryana) India
The hydrological effects of explosive volcanic eruptions in the Asian monsoon region

This thesis investigates the spatio-temporal characteristics and the mechanisms of explosive volcanic eruptions’ hydrological effects in subregions of the Asian monsoon region (AMR). Based on two volcanic forcing indices, volcanic eruptions are classified according to their northern hemisphere volcanic aerosol injection (NHVAI). Comparisons on the hydrological effect of NHVAI in subregions of AMR are made between tree ring-based hydrological reconstruction data MADA, and the model data from CMIP5 and Last Millennium Ensemble project. MADA and the multi-model ensemble means agree on the drying effect of volcanic eruptions in the monsoon-dominated subregion, while discrepancies can be found in the westerlies-dominated subregion. A better agreement between proxy reconstruction and models is visible one year after the eruption rather than in the eruption year. Less proxymodel discrepancies are apparent in subregions with more available tree-ring chronologies. Results also indicate that the MMEM of CMIP5 is able to reproduce volcanic eruptions’ hydrological effects in southern Asian monsoon region. Based on the multi-model ensemble mean of CMIP5, the mechanism of the hydrological effects of NHVAI is investigated. The analyses focus on the drying effect in the relatively wettest area (RWA) and the wetting effect in the relatively driest area (RDA). The radiative effect of NHVAI causes a reduction of land-ocean thermal contrast. This changes the transport of water vapor and the formation of atmospheric clouds in the region. The regional temperature and precipitation responses result from the radiative effect of atmospheric clouds. The reduced land-ocean thermal contrast causes a weakened Asian summer monsoon circulation. The transport of water vapor from the ocean to the land is reduced. This results in the drying effect in the RWA due to the reduced formation of atmospheric clouds and precipitation. On the other hand, more water vapor is transported to the RDA due to the change of atmospheric circulation. The vertical motion is also enhanced. This increases the formation of atmospheric clouds and precipitation, and results in the wetting effect in the RDA. Another volcanic classification with only southern hemisphere volcanic aerosol injection (SHVAI) is constructed in order to study the climate effect of SHVAI. Results show inversed climate responses to SHVAI compared to NHVAI. Especially in the RWA, the results suggest significant drying effect after NHVAI, but slight wetting effect after SHVAI.
Attitudes towards immigration: responses to the increased presence of Polish migrants in the UK post 2004

ABSTRACT Based on a large-scale research project conducted in a northern English city, this paper focuses on the attitudes towards, and experienced by, Polish migrants as a result of increased immigration following the 2004 enlargement of the European Union. We pay attention to the ways in which people justify their negative attitudes towards this migrant group through competition for resources, particularly in terms of job security and the receipt of benefit payments. However, we also consider meaningful encounters between these migrants and the ‘local’ population, and how through these encounters attitudes can sometimes be transformed from negative to positive. Crucially, we demonstrate how Polish migrants themselves respond to these attitudes. In doing so, we show that by drawing upon the very same discourses of job security and social benefits they develop complex understandings of the ‘local’ population. Through its attention to immigration, the paper contributes to debates about the relationships between different social groups and processes of exclusion, highlighting the importance of encounters on the process of attitude formation. By giving voice to representatives of both the ‘local’ population and migrants, it further provides a rare perspective on social responses to immigration-driven diversity in European societies.
Reference Arm for Blood Pressure Measurement in Stroke Survivors

Background: Averting recurrent stroke among stroke survivors requires a choice of the appropriate arm for blood pressure (BP) measurement, especially among high - risk survivors. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the appropriate arm for BP measurement in stroke survivors. Methods: This cross sectional study comprised of 100 volunteer and willing stroke survivors enrolled using the convenient sam-plingtechniquefrom2publichospitalsinMaiduguri,Nigeria. Eachparticipant’sBPwasmeasuredasstipulatedbypreviousstudies. Descriptivestatisticswereusedtosummarizethesocio-demographicsandclinicalcharacteristicsof thestrokesurvivors. Student’s t - test for independent samples was used to compare mean BP between unaﬀected and aﬀected arms of the participants. Results: Mean age and age range of the participants in years were 53.8 + 17.7 and 20 to 90, respectively. Participants that had had a stroke within the previous 7 months accounted for 69.0% of cases. Spastic stroke constituted 71%. Sides of the body aﬄicted with stroke were equally distributed. A signiﬁcant diﬀerence (p = 0.017) existed in blood pressure between unaﬀected and aﬀected arms of stroke survivors. Conclusions: Health workers involved in the management of stroke patients were advised to take blood pressure measurement from both the aﬀected and non-aﬀected arms; the arm with the higher value should be taken as the reference arm.
Fama and French Meet Datastream: Size, Value, Profitability, and Investment Factors in International Stock Returns

Using Datastream database, we calculate the five-factor model for global equity markets and compare the results with the five-factor model of Fama and French (2015, 2017) which is mainly based on data from Bloomberg. The results suggest that Datastream provides similar coverage and yields outcomes qualitatively consistent with the Bloomberg-based sample of Fama and French. Most factor returns are driven by the smallest firms. We demonstrate that virtually no value, profitability, or investment effects are present among the big firms representing most of the total market capitalization around the world. Given the fact that those small firms are not investable by big financial institutions, our findings cast doubt on the applicability of the five-factor models in international markets.
Critical Determinants of Demand for Services in the Nigeria Formal Sector Social Health Insurance Programme

Introduction: Social health insurance programme was initiated in Nigeria with one of the aims being to improve the demand for quality healthcare services with a resultant reduction in catastrophic spending among the citizenry. Unfortunately, in this programme, healthcare providers who offer quality healthcare services still witness poor enrollee demand for services which has led to inability of the programme to achieve its set out objectives. Hence, the need to study the effects of selected critical determinants on demand for health insurance services and how much these determinants can collectively account for the demand for services in the programme. Design/Methodology: The study adopted a cross sectional design with a quantitative approach. The sample size was calculated using G - Power 3.1 software and the determined sample for the study was one thousand four hundred and thirty five (1435). Multistage sampling method was adopted. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression method with the aid of SPSS version 11. Result: The critical determinants of provider ownership, distance to healthcare provider, enrollee educational level have significant positive effect on the demand for health insurance services ( 0.05). Similarly, 75% of the changes in demand for health insurance services can be accounted for by the predictor variables in this study. Conclusion: The inability of the programme to address these selected critical determinants significantly will lead to out of pocket spending for healthcare services with a resultant catastrophic effect on families’ finances. Therefore, there is a need to take into account the effects of these determinants duringpolicy formulation, reviews and process implementation in the programme.
Marching On-In-Time Unstructured PEEC Method for Electrically Large Structures with Conductive, Dielectric, and Magnetic Media

The Marching On-In-Time (MOT) unstructured Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method for time domain electromagnetic problems is presented. The method allows the transient analysis of electrically large electromagnetic devices consisting of conductive, dielectric, and magnetic media coupled with external lumped circuits. By re-formulating PEEC following the Coulombian interpretation of magnetization phenomena and by using electric and magnetic vector potentials, the proposed approach allows for a completely equivalent treatment of electric and magnetic media and inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials are accounted for as well. With respect to the recently proposed Marching On-In-Time PEEC approach, based on the standard (structured) discretization of PEEC, the method presented in this paper uses a different space and time MOT discretization, which allows for a reduction in the number of the unknowns. Analytical and industrial test cases consisting in electrically large devices are considered (e.g., the model of a Neutral Beam Injector adopted in thermonuclear fusion applications). Results obtained from the simulations show that the proposed method is accurate and yields good performances. Moreover, when rich harmonic content transient phenomena are considered, the unstructured MOT–PEEC method allows for a significant reduction of the memory and computation time when compared to techniques based on Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform applied to the frequency domain unstructured PEEC approach.
Impact Experiment on Gneiss: The Effects of Foliation on Cratering Process

Two impact experiments were carried out on blocks of Maggia gneiss to assess the influence of mechanical target anisotropies on the cratering process. The experiments were done within the framework of Multidisciplinary Experimental and Modeling Impact Research Network. In one experiment the metamorphic foliation was vertical, that is, oriented perpendicular to the target surface, and in the other horizontal, that is, parallel to the target surface. This study reveals that due to preferred spallation along the foliation, the cratering efficiency is higher if the foliation is horizontal. The study further presents a comprehensive quantitative strain analysis in the subsurface of these craters. We use biotite kink bands as strain markers. The distribution of strain differs strongly in both experiments. If the foliation is vertical, the area beneath the central crater floor shows a high compressive strain. This is attributed to the ability of biotite to kink more easily when shortened parallel to its basal plane. If the foliation is horizontal, surface kinking is reduced and tensile failure along the foliation deepens the crater during unloading.
Children’s pester power, packaging and unhealthy food preference

This study aims to understand the extent to which packaging influences Brazilian parents' purchasing willingness based on children's food preferences for unhealthy food products. ,Parents, with children up to 12 years old, answered questions about the positive influence of the packaging on the children, the preferences of the children in their willingness to buy and the propensity to give in to the desires of the children. Data analysis was performed with the statistical software SPSS and Stata used for structural equations modeling. ,The results back the outlined hypotheses and point out that the characteristics of the packaging positively influence children's preferences as well as parents’ who are prone to give in to such influences. In some relationships, there was a minute moderating effect of social desirability and social class. ,The research presents as a limitation the nature of the sample, parents, to the extent that the influences of the packages on the children were analyzed from their perspectives. ,Findings from the research can be used to think about preventive public policies to protect children as highly vulnerable subjects. Another practical implication is that the same marketing strategies that are used for unhealthy foods can also be used for healthy foods, improving their linkage to the children once there are evidences that packaging can positively influence their preferences. ,The originality of this study is to focus on children's food preferences for unhealthy products and in parents with children up to 12 years old, which is not often investigated by researchers.
Telemedicine: Between Reality and Challenges in Jeddah Hospitals

Background: Telehealth system is defined as the use of electronic information and telecommunication technologies to support and promote long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional health-related education, public health and health administration. The main aim of this study is to assess difficulties and limitations in hospitals that have healthcare system in Jeddah ,Saudi Arabia from applied new techniques such as Telehealth and if they have tendency to use this technique or not . This study also aims to determine the association between increase in quality of healthcare system and new techniques applied such as Telehealth system by literatures reviews. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 114 medical providers who worked at hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The medical providers were interviewed using paper-based questionnaire as well as electric-based questionnaire, data collected and analyzed by using SPSS. Results: Interested participants in technology were high by 59%, participants actually interested to implement advanced Telehealth Technologies by percent of 84%, and respectively that factor of lack of awareness were a major factor by 90%, factor of this technique may take a new health care system and it may being a time consuming and take a lot of money and training 71%, this previous percentage and frequency also present factor of resistance in both medical social and community. 63% saw that it is hard to get someone qualified as well as 62% saw that there is a lack of human resources in hospitals and misusing factor took a percent of 50%, some of participants saw that There is no strong need for this technique and he is think it is not important or it is not differ from face to face visit by percent of 40%. Conclusion: There are a high acceptance of new technique in hospitals and regardless of demographic information there is a high interest in technology, we determine most factors that may limit implementation of this technique and these factors may give us a general look about challenges of implementing the other techniques too, if we can determine the problems then we can resolve them to achieve high quality healthcare systems in our hospitals.
Enhanced Device for Cell Delivery to the Myocardium: Validation in Swine Hearts

Background: Endocardial infusion is a minimally invasive procedure for cell delivery with good selectivity to the target region. However, certain limitations to current devices could affect the precision of the procedure and the therapeutic outcome. Therefore, we developed an enhanced device for transendocardial cell infusion. Methods and Results: Our device is based on an electrode-guided transendocardial bidirectional 75 cm long catheter and 0.5 mm diameter inner needle. The key advantages of our device are the slender catheter diameter (7 Fr), consistent needle tip length, regulation of the catheter angle and independence between the needle and catheter. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from the inguinal adipose tissue of six healthy swine and propagated through 2-3 passages. Using the catheter, pre-labeled MSCs were infused autogenously into the swine hearts. The MSCs-infused myocardial regions were harvested on the infusion day (day 0) or 2 days later, and histological analysis was performed. The MSCs were successfully infused into all six swine myocardia and distributed along the hole made by the needle. The spread area of MSCs was larger at 2 days after infusion than at day 0 (1.38 ± 0.26 vs. 0.51 ± 0.17 mm2/infusion, p=0.013). No complications occurred during the procedure, such as cardiac tamponade or arrhythmia. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that our enhanced device could be useful for delivering cells into the myocardium.