Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment of non-carcinogenic effects of lead, cadmium, and zinc in Cyprinus carpio from Zarivar wetlan

Background and Aims : Fish consumption is an important route of human exposure to heavy metals. In order to assess the potential health risks associated with these contaminants due to ﬁsh consumption, ﬁsh samples of Cyprinus carpio were collected from Zarivar wetland. Materials and Methods: Atomic absorption spectroscopy was performed to determine the presence of metals. Cd and Pb were identiﬁed by graphite furnace technique, and ﬂame technique was employed as a means of Zn identiﬁcation. In this research, daily intake and hazard indices of heavy metals in ﬁsh muscle tissue samples were performed based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ﬁsh consumption. Also ethical issues were considered during data collection and throughout the study. Results: The concentrations of heavy metals in muscle tissues were lower than allowable mean concentrations of international standards (WHO, FAO, MAFF and FDA). The Non-carcinogenic Hazard Quotient (NHQ) of all studied metals was less than 1.0. Non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (NHQ) for Cd, Pb, Zn in common carp were 0.036, 0.008, 0.039, also HI were 0.084. Conclusion: In conclusion, metal contents in this species are acceptable for human consumption from a toxicity point of view. HI in common carp was less than unity, suggesting that the consumption of the common carp is unlikely to cause any adverse health effects to consumers. Key words: Heavy Metals, World Standards, Daily Intake, Hazard Quotient, Common Carp
Predict Final Total Mark of Students with ANN, RNN and Bi-LSTM

This research is about predicting the final total scores of students by a variety of assignments and mid-term exam scores. The paper mainly involves data processing of the students score data set, constructing three different neural network models for four classifications, which are Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Recurrent neural network (RNN) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) and implementing (Principal Component Analysis) PCA, dynamic learning rate, pruning neurons on my ANN model. Finally, the prediction accuracy of my three models are more than 72%. The Bi-LSTM model has the best prediction accuracy, which is larger than 76%.
Genetic evaluation of production performance traits in Murrah buffaloes

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of non-genetic factors and estimate the genetic parameter of production performance traits {305 days or less milk yield (305MY), Peak yield (PY), Persistency (PR), Milk yield per day of lactation length (AMY), Milk yield per day of first calving interval (MCI) and Milk yield per day at age of second calving (MSC)} in Murrah buffaloes. The records pertaining to the first lactation of 396 buffaloes, the progeny of 82 sires; calved during the year 1995-2018 and maintained at Buffalo research centre, LUVAS, Hisar were analysed by using a mixed technique of Harvey model. The overall least-squares mean for 305MY, PY, PR, AMY, MCI and MSC were 2128.37±34.43 kg, 10.81±0.11 kg, 206.48 ±3.16, 6.95±0.08 kg/day, 4.80±0.09 kg/day and 1.22 ±0.02 kg/day, respectively. Period of calving had a significant effect on 305MY, PY, AMY, MCI and MSC. Linear regression of Age at first calving had a significant effect on PY, AMY and MSC. The heritability estimates 305MY, PY, PR, AMY, MCI and MSC were found to be 0.33±0.18, 0.33±0.18, 0.22 ±0.17, 0.26±0.18, 0.44±0.19 and 0.30±0.18 respectively. The observed genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation were positive among all traits, which varied from 0.13 ±0.52 (PR with AMY) to 0.94 ±0.02 (305MY with MSC) and 0.18 ±0.05 (PR with AMY) to 0.96 ±0.04 (305MY with MSC). The correlations of MCI and MSC with other traits are observed as high and positive, indicated that selection based on MCI and MSC simultaneously would improve other traits in Murrah buffaloes. The present study suggested that MCI and MSC may be the best trait to be taken into selection criteria for improvement of milk production in Murrah buffaloes.
An Improved Integral Distinguisher Scheme Based on Deep Learning

At Crypto 2019, A.Gohr made a breakthrough in the fusion of differental cryp-toanalysis and deep learning on Round Reduced Speck. Inspired by his methodology, we apply deep learning to construct a neural-based integral distinguisher scheme. To guage the advantage of our distinguisher scheme, we apply it on several block ciphers including SPECK32/64, SIMECK32/64, PRESENT,RECTANGLE and LBLOCK and compare it with bit-based division property as the state-of-the art integral distinguishing method. To our great surprise, our neural network based integral distinguisher extends the number of distinguished rounds of most block ciphers by at least 1 additional rounds compare to bit-based division property. In some cases, such as PRESENT block cipher, we could achive a 8-round distinguisher, while, bit-based division property could only provide a 5 round distinguisher. These observations illustrates that the fusion of deep learning and integral cryptanalysis has a promising prospect. In addition, we apply different deep learning architectures, namely ResNet,ResNeXt and DenseNet . DenseNet, as state of the art architecture, slightly outperforms the other architectures in terms of the distinguishing accuracy. Further, we showcase the utility of Few-Shot learning in reduction of training dataset to less than 100 instances. Finally, we show that our neural distiguisher is not only helpful for block cipher designers, but also assists attackers to mount key recovery attack. To this end, we show how to exploit our distinguisher to mount key recovery attack and apply it to SPECK32/64.
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and its associated risk factors among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

 ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome is associated with psychological disorders, including stress, anxiety, and depression which were reported to be high among medical students. This study investigates the prevalence of IBS and associated risk factors among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional online survey study collected responses from medical students in Riyadh using a 24-items questionnaire to evaluate the prevalence of IBS and its associated risk factors among medical students. All statistical analyses were done using (IBM) SPSS version 19. Results: A total of 389 participants filled study questionnaire; female gender was significantly higher than males in the diagnosed IBS participants (p = 0.028). There was a notable difference between the number of participants with a physician IBS diagnosis and risk categories (p< 0.001). No significant correlation was observed in risk subgroups with sleeping duration (r = 0.095, p = 0.06) and coffee consumption (r = 0.063, p = 0.214). A significant difference was noted in the risk subgroups regarding having episodes of anxiety, stress, or depression (p< 0.001). Counting on self-reporting IBS diagnosis by a physician, prevalence is 12.6%, 95% CI (9.5to 15.9). Conclusions: In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, our study found that medical students dealing with anxiety and depression were at high risks of developing IBS. Thus, anti-stress screening are highly needed. Moreover, implementation of proper awareness and preventive measures could positively impact with behavioral therapy on the quality of life of the students and to lessen disease
The impact of promotive psychological ownership on innovative work behavior in five-star hotels

This study seeks to explore the relationship between promotive psychological ownership (promotive PO) towards the hotel and the employee innovative work behavior (IWB) in Greater Cairo in Egypt. A simple random sample was chosen for this study. A questionnaire was designed to cover the assumed relationships. Self-administered questionnaire forms were distributed to 700 employees in 30 five-star hotels. Total forms 577 were received representing a response rate of 82.42 %. There were 157 forms not valid hence, they were excluded. So, 420 forms were valid for further analysis. Data were analyzed using the partial least square (PLS.3) technique. The findings of this study inferred a positive relationship between promotive PO and IWB. In addition, the findings indicated a positive impact between some dimensions of promotive PO (i.e., self-efficacy, accountability, responsibility, and autonomy) on IWB. Finally, the findings have profound important implications such as top management of five-star hotels should consider developing employees' feelings of promotive PO towards their hotels through specific policies and strategies through work designs that provide employees with opportunities to gain knowledge, control, independence in their hotels, providing employees with information and the ability to make decisions to enhance their sense of accountability and responsibility and contribute to a sense of burden-sharing and influence through delegation to stimulate employee’s IWB.
Global datasets of leaf photosynthetic capacity for ecological and earth system research

Abstract. The maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) determines leaf photosynthetic capacity and is a key parameter for estimating the terrestrial carbon cycle, but its spatial information is lacking, hindering global ecological research. Here, we convert leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) retrieved from satellite data to Vcmax, based on plants' optimal distribution of nitrogen between light harvesting and carboxylation pathways. We also derive Vcmax from satellite (GOME-2) observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) as a proxy of leaf photosynthesis using a data assimilation technique. These two independent global Vcmax products agree well (r2=0.79,RMSE=15.46µmol m−2 s−1, P<0.001) and compare well with 3672 ground-based measurements (r2=0.69,RMSE=13.8µmol m−2 s−1 and P<0.001 for SIF; r2=0.55,RMSE=18.28µmol m−2 s−1 and P<0.001 for LCC). The LCC-derived Vcmax product is also used to constrain the retrieval of Vcmax from TROPical Ozone Mission (TROPOMI) SIF data to produce an optimized Vcmax product using both SIF and LCC information. The global distributions of these products are compatible with Vcmax computed from an ecological optimality theory using meteorological variables, but importantly reveal additional information on the influence of land cover, irrigation, soil pH, and leaf nitrogen on leaf photosynthetic capacity. These satellite-based approaches and spatial Vcmax products are primed to play a major role in global ecosystem research. The three remote sensing Vcmax products based on SIF, LCC, and SIF+LCC are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6466968 (Chen et al., 2022), and the code for implementing the ecological optimality theory is available at https://github.com/SmithEcophysLab/optimal_vcmax_R and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5899564 (last access: 31 August 2022) (Smith et al., 2022).
Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection Single Cell Level During Highly Active Subsets Defined by Cytokine Production at Kinetics of the Changes of Lymphocyte

The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cytokine imbalances associated with HIV-1 infection have not been char-acterized. Using single cell analysis by ﬂow cytometry, we show that a signiﬁcant recovery in the frequency of IL-2-producing cells was only observed in patients with a sustained control of viral replication and that the overexpanded CD8 T cell population of CD28 2 IFN- g 1 cells was not signiﬁcantly reduced after 1 yr of effective therapy. Moreover, a detrimental role of IL-4 is suggested by the association between an enhanced proportion of IL-4-producing cells within the CD4 and particularly the CD8 subset and viral load rebound. Finally, the kinetics of changes of cell subsets assessed for simultaneous production of different cytokines supports the view that cell reconstitution during highly active antiretroviral therapy is initially due to redistribution of terminally differentiated cells, followed by peripheral expansion of less differentiated ones and a late progressive increase of the proportion of functionally deﬁned naive/memory precursor lymphocytes. These data bring new support for the role of cytokine imbalances in AIDS pathogenesis and may be relevant for the deﬁnition of immunointervention targets. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 3718–3726.
Mechanism study of performance enhancement in a subsonic axial flow compressor with recirculating casing treatment

The improvements in both compressor efficiency and stability have been observed in a subsonic axial flow compressor with recirculating casing treatment. The study aims to understand the underlying flow mechanisms of the beneficial effect on the compressor efficiency of recirculating casing treatment. The recirculating casing treatment was investigated experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, static pressure fluctuations over the rotor tip were measured with fast-response pressure transducers. Whole-passage time-accurate simulations were also implemented to help in understanding the flow details. The unsteadiness of double-leakage flow and its effect on the loss generated at the rotor tip were discussed in detail for the solid casing. The effect of recirculating casing treatment on the double-leakage flow related loss was subsequently investigated. The results indicate that the double leakage flow is a main loss source in the rotor tip region. The double-leakage flow is completely unsteady, which induces a cyclical fluctuation of the amount of loss generated in the rotor tip region for the solid casing. With the recirculating casing treatment installed, the high-energy jet created in recirculating loops changes the unsteady characteristics of double-leakage flow by getting it diffused over the rotor tip gap along the chordwise direction, which results in the loss fluctuation that is dominated by the high-energy jet rather than the unsteadiness of double-leakage flow. The double-leakage flow is also pushed downstream by the jet and the amount is reduced when it passes through the recirculating loops. The effect of recirculating casing treatment on the double-leakage flow is primarily responsible for the improvement in the compressor efficiency.
FUNCTIONAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF LOW FAT MOZZARELLA CHEESE AS AFFECTED BY EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES-PRODUCING S. THERMOPHILUS AND STORAGE CONDITIONS

This study was carried out to improve the functional properties of low fat mozzarella cheese and to extend its shelf-life via the use of exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing starter cultures and different freezing conditions. Conventional starter culture consisting of both non EPS producing S. thermophilus St CH-1 in association with L. helveticus Lh CH-5 with or without fat replacer (Simplesse.S-100), and two EPS-producing strains of S. thermophilus SFi-12 and SFi-39, each in combination with non-EPS L. helveticus Lh CH-5 were used in manufacture of low fat Mozzarella cheese. The resultant cheeses were ripened at 4ºC for 28 days (refrigerated cheese). The results obtained indicated that cheeses made with EPS-producing S. thermophilus had significantly(p< 0.05) higher level of moisture and moisture in non fat substances (MNFS) as compared with non-EPS cheeses with or without simpelesse when fresh or during the refrigerated storage period. In addition, the meltability and fat leakage values of EPS-cheeses were the highest among all experimented cheeses. However, the cheese made with EPS (SFi-39) exhibited the lowest apparent viscosity (AV). Statistical analysis showed that meltability, fat leakage and AV were significantly affected by type of EPS culture (p < 0.001), ripening period (p < 0.001) and their interactions (p < 0.001 for meltability, p < 0.05 for fat leakage and AV).
Training Effective Altruism

: Randomizing different schools of thought –via a 3 months-long training– finds that training deputy ministers in effective altruism renders 0.4-0.6 sigma greater altruism. Treated ministers increased mentalizing of others: blood donations doubled, but only when blood banks requested their exact blood type. Perspective-taking in strategic dilemmas improved. Orphanage visits and volunteering in impoverished schools also increased. We are also able to trace the impact of the training on their policymaking: one year after training, amid official duties, ministers were 50-100% more likely to choose social policies and recommend over 4-fold additional funding for them. Our unique experimental design allows us to pin the mechanism driving our results: using a book lottery, we show the causal mediating channel to be increased demand to learn about empathy. Overall, our results underscore that effective altruism may be a parsimonious foundation for formation of prosociality, even impacting the behavior of adults in the field and their high-stakes policymaking.
Quality Assessment of Marinated Flying Fish (Cheilopogon intermedius) Fillets During Vacuum-packed Storage at 4 °C

Flying fish is considered a low-value fish in the Philippines but is a good source of inexpensive animal protein. The challenge is to effectively utilize this vulnerable raw material to increase its market value. The study evaluated the physicochemical changes and sensory attributes of flying fish (Cheilopogon intermedius) fillets marinated in three different marinating solutions (Marinade 1: “ham flavor”; Marinade 2: “salty-sour flavor”; Marinade 3: “spiced flavor”) and control (un-marinated) followed by vacuum-packaging then stored at 4 °C for 20 d. Chemical analyses revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), histamine level, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value in the marinated fillets in comparison with the control. After 20 d of storage at 4 °C, mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial counts reached 107–109 and 106–108 CFU/g, respectively. The panelists considered samples unfit for human consumption on Day 12 when the mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial counts exceeded 106 CFU/g. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected for the overall sensory acceptability of the marinated samples; however, Marinade 1 was found to be most acceptable, followed by Marinades 2 and 3. The shelf-life of the marinated flying fish based on microbiological and sensory analyses at refrigerated storage (4 °C) was 12 d.
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Education

As Information and communication technologies gradually permeate daily life, they are profoundly changing the way education is conceived and delivered. Teachers play a key role in this transformation process; their believes, pedagogical practices and teaching skills are continuously challenged. ICT integration in the educational process can significantly enhance traditional courses, and Internet based education, i.e. e-learning, is becoming a serious alternative to traditional, face-to-face courses. To be used as a lever for pedagogical innovation and institutional transformation, teacher ICT competencies need to go beyond skills in ICT use per se, and enclose contextual knowledge about technology, pedagogy and content. On the other hand, learners’ engagement with ICT in education depends on their expectations and conceptions of learning and required assessment. Learner experience with ICT in education is linked to his perception of systems’ ease of use and usefulness in achieving learning goals. Adaptive learning systems open new potentialities for a personalized instruction which is tailored to learner’s characteristics. At the edge of a new era, schools, colleges and higher education struggle to seize opportunities and overcome obstacles.
Influence of Nonwoven Wettability and Pore Characteristics on Bacterial Adhesion

Textiles can act as a media to deliver pathogenic organisms and spread infectious diseases. For controlling bacterial adhesion on surfaces, it is crucial to understand the substrate characteristics and how bacteria interact with substrates. For an accurate evaluation of textile-adhered bacteria, a proper evaluation method is necessary, because a complex 3D structure of fibrous material makes quantification of adhered bacteria challenging. Therefore, in the first phase of the study, colorimetric bacteria assay method using the iodonitrotetrazolium (INT) stain was tested for quantifying the textile-adhered bacteria. In the second phase of the study, the textile parameters including wettability, porosity, pore-volume, and pore size distribution were investigated in association with the bacterial adhesion property. Two different types of bacteria, gram-negative rod shape Escherichia coli (E. coli) and round shape Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were used as model bacteria. Substrates with different levels of wettability and pore characteristics were employed to identify the critical factors influencing cell adhesion. The substrate’s wettability appeared to be the initial factor influencing the bacterial adhesion, where the hydrophilic surface showed considerably higher bacterial adhesion. Substrates with high wettability provided higher contact areas for bacteria to adhere to the substrates. Pore volume and pore size, rather than the porosity (%) itself, were other important factors affecting bacterial adhesion and retention. Compact spatial distribution of fibers resulted in limited bacterial intrusion into the pores, and eventually reduced the total amount of bacterial adherence. Thus, superhydrophobic textiles with reduced total pore volume and smaller pore size would reduce the adhesion. The findings of this study can be used as a design guide for anti-biofouling textiles. between bacterial cells and nonwovens. Earlier studies were focused on surface roughness patterns and wetting properties concerning bacterial adhesion, and little has been discussed on effect of pore characteristics of nonwovens. In this study, bacterial adhesion and its retention inside the substrate volume were examined for explaining the bacterial adhesion on nonwovens. By understanding the fiber substrate characteristics affecting the bacterial adhesion, a proper design of nonwovens could be suggested to circumvent the adherence of infectious bacteria. The results of this study would ultimately contribute to enhancing the hygiene aspect of nonwovens and to reduce the malfunction attributable to bacterial adhesion of substrate.
Scaling, power, and the future of CMOS

This paper briefly reviews the forces that caused the power problem, the solutions that were applied, and what the solutions tell us about the problem. As systems became more power constrained, optimizing the power became more critical; viewing power reduction from an optimization perspective provides valuable insights. Section III describes these insights in more detail, including why Vdd and Vth have stopped scaling. Section IV describes some of the low power techniques that have been used in the past in the context of the optimization framework. This framework also makes it easy to see the impact of variability, which is discussed in more detail in section V along with the adaptive mechanisms that have been proposed and deployed to minimize the energy cost. Section VI describes possible strategies for dealing with the slowdown in gate energy scaling, and the final section concludes by discussing the implications of these strategies for device designers