Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health Risk Ranking of Lead Contaminated Sites in Bagega Community, Zamfara State, Nigeria

Background: The release of lead dust during the processing of lead-gold ore has become an environmental threat. Therefore the protection of miners’ health and their environment required remediation which can be achieved by ranking the risk posed by lead in order to prioritize the allocation of resources during remediation. Methods: Soil and water samples were collected at BRC, BRG, BVC, BPA and BFA; BWE, BBH and BPO using stratified random and grab sampling methods. Lead concentrations in the samples were determined using AAS while health risk index (HRI) of samples as to sample t test
The Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of Central Asian Orogenic Belt inCentral-Eastern Inner Mongolia

内蒙古中东部地区位于中亚造山带东南缘，是研究华北板块与其北部陆块碰撞拼贴历史的关键区域，对其构造格局及演化历史的限定对整个中亚造山带具有重要意义。 同时，前人对于华北板块与其北部各陆块的碰撞拼贴时限和方式具有很大争议。 针对该争议，本文通过沉积学分析、碎屑锆石年代学限定、地球化学研究和古地磁对比，结合前人岩石学、地球化学和古生物学研究，对内蒙古中东部晚古生代沉积－构造演化进行限定。 内蒙古中东部沿南北两条造山带分别发育晚志留-早泥盆世和晚泥盆世磨拉斯建造，不整合覆盖于两条蛇绿混杂带之上，限定双冲造山最终完成于晚泥盆世。 碎屑锆石年代学得到462Ma的单一年龄峰，显示来自岛弧的单一物源。 泥盆纪艾里格庙-锡林浩特-兴安地块西段（中蒙边境一带）发育浅海相沉积，代表艾里格庙-锡林浩特-兴安地块与额尔古纳地块早古生代碰撞拼合后的陆内海相盆地沉积。 碎屑锆石测试显示其两个主要年龄峰值为510Ma和440Ma，说明其物源来自额尔古纳-兴安地块本身及南部宝力道岛弧岩浆岩。 早石炭世，内蒙古中东部进入剥蚀阶段，仅苏尼特左旗南部及敖汉旗北部发育滨浅海相沉积。 晚石炭世内蒙古中东部地区发育陆表海碎屑－碳酸盐岩沉积岩系，底部不整合覆盖于前寒武纪基底、早古生代岛弧岩浆岩、蛇绿混杂带、前石炭纪地层及石炭纪侵入岩之上，代表由海侵导致的区域超覆不整合。 区域内晚石炭世地层可通过岩石组合和化石进行对比，表明相同的沉积类型和沉积环境。 碎屑锆石年代学显示440Ma和310Ma两个主要年龄峰值及大量新元古代锆石，说明晚石炭世物源主要为本地岩浆岩和变质基底，代表原地剥蚀和近源沉积的特征。 晚石炭世陆表海沉积覆盖于整个内蒙古中东部地区，横跨南北三个板块（艾里格庙－锡林浩特－兴安地块、松辽－浑善达克地块和华北克拉通）和两个造山带（北造山带和南造山带），代表陆块拼合后的第一个稳定盖层沉积。 晚石炭世中蒙边境发育宝力高庙组陆相碎屑-火山沉积岩系。 碎屑锆石年代学研究显示310 Ma和440 Ma两个主要年龄峰，显示其物源主要来自于额尔古纳－兴安地块原地岩浆岩及南部宝力道岛弧。 该陆相沉积可作为内蒙古中东部陆表海沉积的北部边缘。 作为代表早古生代岛弧岩浆事件的440Ma年龄峰，其出现于由南北两条缝合带分隔的三个陆块之上，说明石炭纪沉积时，作为物源的早古生代岛弧岩浆岩已经跨越缝合带进行沉积，同样说明三个陆块在石炭纪之前已经碰撞拼合。 二叠纪内蒙古中东部地区发育陆内伸展盆地碎屑-火山沉积岩系，由早二叠世双峰式火山岩、中二叠世富含动物化石浅海相碎屑-碳酸盐岩和晚二叠世含植物化石陆相沉积组成。 早二叠世双峰式火山岩地球化学特征，显示其喷发于陆内裂谷环境。 晚二叠世陆相地层的普遍出现标志着内蒙古中东部已结束海相沉积演化。 在内蒙古中东部沿镶黄旗-克什克腾旗识别出一条中二叠世碱性岩带，代表该时期的一条陆内伸展裂谷带。 二叠纪地层沉积于晚石炭世陆表海碳酸盐岩之上，代表造山后稳定盖层之上的裂谷伸展作用。 古地磁研究得到松辽-浑善达克地块晚泥盆世和二叠纪两个古地磁极，分别为λ=46.8°N, φ=349.1°E, dp=14.6°, dm=27.3°, N=3和λ=48.7°N, φ=3.7°E, dp=5.2°, dm=9.1°, N=6。 通过与周围块体进行古地磁极对比得出：（1）古亚洲洋至少于晚泥盆世已经闭合，华北克拉通、松辽-浑善达克地块和蒙古地块已经碰撞拼合；（2）华北克拉通、浑善达克地块和蒙古地块完成拼合后并非形成一个刚体，板块内部及板块边缘的走滑运动导致板块之间的相对旋转。 详细的沉积学和地球化学研究展示了内蒙古中东部由泥盆纪磨拉斯不整合，到早石炭世造山后剥蚀，以及晚石炭世陆表海向二叠纪伸展盆地的演化过程。 在综合分析沉积组合、碎屑锆石年龄、地球化学特征和古地磁数据基础上，提出古生代内蒙古中东部地区完整的俯冲-造山-造山后伸展的构造演化模式：早古生代古亚洲洋双向俯冲，于华北克拉通北缘产生白乃庙岛弧，并于艾里格庙－锡林浩特－兴安地块北缘产生宝力道岛弧。 晚志留世-晚泥盆世，通过南北两个造山带完成华北克拉通、松辽-浑善达克地块和艾里格庙-锡林浩特-兴安地块的碰撞拼合。 晚石炭世，内蒙古中东部出现造山后第一个稳定的沉积盖层，以遍布全区的碳酸盐岩沉积为特征，并不整合覆盖于下伏地层和岩浆岩之上，代表造山后陆表海沉积。 早-中二叠世，内蒙古中东部地区发育裂谷伸展作用，以面状分布的火山岩和基性-酸性侵入岩为特征。 晚二叠世内蒙古中东部进入陆相演化阶段。
The Presence and Promotion of Foods and Beverages in the YouTube Channels of The World’s Most Influential Kid Ps: A Comparative Study Between the United States and Spain

This study aims to determine the different types of foods and beverages that predominate in the channels of kid youtubers in Spain and the United States, which serve as a model for children’s nutritional habits. The study looked at a sample of 18 YouTube channels and 553 videos from a universe of 1551 videos. Four main conclusions have been drawn: there are significant differences depending on the origin of the channels, with a greater presence of oils, fats and meat in Spanish channels, and of cereals, chocolates, sugar and fruit in channels from the United States; in 60% of the videos, brands are being promoted (without appropriate identification), with statistically significant differences according to the country of origin; the main communication objective is a promotional objective, with differences according to country, being more educational/promotional in the United States and more focused on entertainment/promotion in Spain; and in 16% of cases, the children showed excessive or compulsive consumption —the videos do not appear to promote, in general, healthy nutritional habits. This article has been funded by the SIC-SPAIN 2.0 Project “Safer Internet Centre Spain 2.0”, a project co-funded by the European Union (EU).
Thymus Surgery Prospectives and Perspectives in Myasthenia Gravis

The thymus is a lymphoid organ involved in the differentiation of T cells, and has a central role in the physiopathogenesis of Myasthenia Gravis (MG). This connection is proved by a series of changes in the level of neuromuscular junctions, which leads to a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential in the post-synaptic membrane. Because of this, the presence of anti-cholinergic receptor antibodies (AChR), characteristic of MG, is found, which causes the progressive regression of the effect of acetylcholine at the level of neuromuscular junctions, with the appearance of muscle weakness. The thymectomy is a surgical variant of drug therapy administered to patients with MG. In the case of patients with nonthymomatous MG, thymectomy has become a therapeutic standard, despite the fact that there is no solid scientific evidence to explain its positive effect. Videothoracoscopic surgery or robotic surgery led to a decrease in the length of hospital stay for these patients. This paper aims to synthesize the information presented in the literature in order to create a background for the perspectives of thymectomy.
Quantitative comparison of the distribution of densities in three Swedish cities

Typologies play a role in urban studies since a long time, but definitions are often rather abstract, ill-defined and at worst end in fixed stereotypes hiding underlying spatial complexity. Traditional typologies are focussing on separate elements, which allow for understanding crucial differences of one spatial feature in greater detail, but lack the capacity to capture the interrelation between elements. Further, they often focus on one scale level and therefore lack to acknowledge for interscalarity. Recent publications define morphological typologies based on quantitative variables, building on the seminal book ´Urban Space and Structures´ by Martin and March, published in 1972, but using more advanced spatial analysis and statistics. These approaches contribute to the discussion of types in two ways: firstly, they define types in a precise and repeatable manner allowing for city-scale comparisons; secondly, they acknowledge cross-scale dynamics important for e.g. living qualities and economic processes where not only the local conditions are important, but also the qualities in proximity. This paper focuses on the comparison of building types in three Swedish cities, using the multi-variable and multi-scalar density definition. A statistical clustering method is used to classify cases according to their measured similarity across the scales. The results show that working with types is a fruitful way to reveal the individual identity of these types, compare cities and highlight some differences in the way the three cities are structured.
Ex Vivo Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy of MRI-Guided Targeted Prostate Biopsies for Rapid Detection of Clinically Significant Carcinomas—A Feasibility Study

Simple Summary Ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy is a novel microscopic technique that allows lossless analysis of unfixed tissue. By examining MRI-guided biopsies from suspicious lesions of the prostate, the majority of prostate carcinomas requiring treatment can be diagnosed. The recorded digital images are a promising basis for future AI-supported diagnostic algorithms. The rapid feedback within a few hours of the biopsy collection can reduce the stress burden on patients and contribute to better patient care, as the necessary steps for the therapies can be organized promptly. It is also a promising diagnostic approach for future local therapies in which effective substances can be applied specifically to tumor foci. Abstract Background: MRI-guided prostate biopsies from visible tumor-specific lesions (TBx) can be used to diagnose clinically significant carcinomas (csPCa) requiring treatment more selectively than conventional systematic biopsies (SBx). Ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is a novel technique that can be used to examine TBx prior to conventional histologic workup. Methods: TBx from 150 patients were examined with FCM on the day of collection. Preliminary findings were reported within 2 h of collection. The results were statistically compared with the final histology. Results: 27/40 (68%) of the csPCa were already recognized in the intraday FCM in accordance with the results of conventional histology. Even non-significant carcinomas (cisPCa) of the intermediate and high-risk groups (serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 10 or 20 ng/mL) according to conventional risk stratifications were reliably detectable. In contrast, small foci of cisPCa were often not detected or were difficult to distinguish from reactive changes. Conclusion: The rapid reporting of preliminary FCM findings helps to reduce the psychological stress on patients, and can improve the clinical management of csPCa. Additional SBx can be avoided in individual cases, leading to lower rates of complications and scarring in the future surgical area. Additional staging examinations can be arranged without losing time. FCM represents a promising basis for future AI-based diagnostic algorithms.
Learning Representations for Multilead Electrocardiograms From Morphology-Rhythm Contrast

This article proposes a novel contrastive learning framework to learn high-quality representations for multilead electrocardiograms (ECGs). It is termed morphology-rhythm contrast (MRC) since it jointly considers the morphology and rhythm characteristics of multilead ECGs. Unlike existing studies only concentrating on ECG-specific data augmentations, MRC provides a systematic solution for ECG-based contrastive learning. It proposes two new ECG-oriented data augmentation methods termed random beat selection and 0–1 pulse generation for view creation, representing the morphology and rhythm characteristics of an ECG. Then, a triple-branch network maps the three views (raw ECG, morphology, and rhythm view) to a latent space for dual contrastive learning (raw ECG versus morphology view and raw ECG versus rhythm view). This dual contrastive learning can be adjusted to prefer invariance derived from ECG morphology and rhythm, making pretrained encoders suitable for different downstream tasks. Thus, MRC reduces the gap between pretraining and downstream tasks, which is a significant challenge in contrastive learning. More importantly, with only 10% of the training data, MRC-based classification models can yield better performances than the supervised models. Such a finding demonstrates that MRC can reduce the cardiologists’ labeling burden in real-world applications. Additionally, MRC achieves high performances in downstream tasks, outperforming existing studies under the same settings. To summarize, MRC is an effective contrastive learning framework for multilead ECGs. It has the potential to alleviate cardiologists’ workload by aiding diagnosis and reducing manual labels in real-world applications.
Characterization of merozoite-specific thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (MTRAP) in Plasmodium vivax and P. knowlesi parasites

Plasmodium vivax, the most widespread human malaria parasite, and P. knowlesi, an emerging Plasmodium that infects humans, are the phylogenetically closest malarial species that infect humans, which may induce cross-species reactivity across most co-endemic areas in Southeast Asia. The thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) family is indispensable for motility and host cell invasion in the growth and development of Plasmodium parasites. The merozoite-specific TRAP (MTRAP), expressed in blood-stage merozoites, is supposed to be essential for human erythrocyte invasion. We aimed to characterize MTRAPs in blood-stage P. vivax and P. knowlesi parasites and ascertain their cross-species immunoreactivity. Recombinant P. vivax and P. knowlesi MTRAPs of full-length ectodomains were expressed in a mammalian expression system. The MTRAP-specific immunoglobulin G, obtained from immune animals, was used in an immunofluorescence assay for subcellular localization and invasion inhibitory activity in blood-stage parasites was determined. The cross-species humoral immune responses were analyzed in the sera of patients with P. vivax or P. knowlesi infections. The MTRAPs of P. vivax (PvMTRAP) and P. knowlesi (PkMTRAP) were localized on the rhoptry body of merozoites in blood-stage parasites. Both anti-PvMTRAP and anti-PkMTRAP antibodies inhibited erythrocyte invasion of blood-stage P. knowlesi parasites. The humoral immune response to PvMTRAP showed high immunogenicity, longevity, and cross-species immunoreactivity with P. knowlesi. MTRAPs are promising candidates for development of vaccines and therapeutics against vivax and knowlesi malaria.
Impact assessment and indigenous self-determination: a scalar framework of participation options

Abstract The implementation of the right of indigenous peoples to participate in impact assessment (IA) has moved rapidly in many jurisdictions. To facilitate comparative learning, this paper offers a scalar framework of participation options through standard IA phases and examines five IA regimes in Sweden, Norway, Canada, Australia, and Aotearoa/New Zealand. It is shown how practice is moving toward co-management and community-owned IA, with developments driven by strong indigenous demands and political recognition of material rights to lands and resources. Yet, while influence in IA has allowed for shaping project outcomes it has rarely supported the rejection of unwanted projects altogether. Moreover, some jurisdictions, such as Scandinavia, retain a much more limited consultation and notification approach. Community influence tends to be in evidence generation and follow-up while developers or state authorities retain control over decisive phases of scoping and significance determination. It is argued that indigenous participation is most meaningful through IA co-management that takes places directly with the state and throughout all IA phases, complemented with strategic community-owned IA.
What is Franciscan?: revisited

ABSTRACT The Franciscan Complex of California is better understood now than in 1972, when Berkland et al. defined it as a complex and divided it into three geographic belts. A re-evaluation is needed. Belts first served as major architectural units, but they have been abandoned by some and renamed as and subdivided into tectonostratigraphic terranes by others. The Franciscan Complex – considered to be the archetypical accretionary complex by many – is the folded, faulted, and stratally disrupted rock mass comprising the supramantle basement of the California-Southern Oregon Coast Ranges exposed east of the Salinian Block and west of and structurally below principal exposures of the Coast Range Fault, Coast Range Ophiolite, Great Valley Group, and Klamath Mountains. The Complex is dominated by sandstones and mudrocks, but contains mafic oceanic crustal fragments with chert, limestone, and other rock types, and zeolite, prehnite-pumpellyite, blueschist, and rare amphibolite and eclogite facies metamorphic rocks. Review of historical precedence, new data, available large-scale maps, and fundamental definitions suggest now (1) that the Belt terminology as applied to the entire Franciscan Complex conflicts with current knowledge of Franciscan rocks and architecture; and (2) that most named Franciscan terranes and nappes are inconsistent with basic definitions of those unit types. The major architectural units into which the Franciscan Complex can be divided are accretionary units – mélanges and underthrust sheets. Underthrust sheets can be subdivided into smaller units, e.g. broken formations and olistostromal mélanges, mappable using traditional lithostratigraphic and structural mapping techniques. Unresolved controversies in reconstruction of the nature and history of the accretionary complex relate to specific mélange origins; megathrust versus subduction channel mélange models; chert conundrums; delineation of the ages, subdivisions, and regional architecture of Franciscan units; palinspastic reconstruction of the pre-Late Cenozoic architecture; and reconstruction of the complete histories of accretionary units.
Validation of a global satellite rainfall product for real time monitoring of meteorological extremes

The real time monitoring of storms is important for the management and prevention of flood risks. However, in the southeast of Spain, it seems that the density of the rain gauge network may not be sufficient to adequately characterize the rainfall spatial distribution or the high rainfall intensities that are reached during storms. Satellite precipitation products such as PERSIANN-CCS (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks - Cloud Classification System) could be used to complement the automatic rain gauge networks and so help solve this problem. However, the PERSIANN-CCS product has only recently become available, so its operational validity for areas such as south-eastern Spain is not yet known. In this work, a methodology for the hourly validation of PERSIANN-CCS is presented. We used the rain gauge stations of the SIAM (Sistema de Información Agraria de Murcia) network to study three storms with a very high return period. These storms hit the east and southeast of the Iberian Peninsula and resulted in the loss of human life, major damage to agricultural crops and a strong impact on many different types of infrastructure. The study area is the province of Murcia (Region of Murcia), located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, covering an area of more than 11,000 km2 and with a population of almost 1.5 million. In order to validate the PERSIANN-CCS product for these three storms, contrasts were made with the hyetographs registered by the automatic rain gauges, analyzing statistics such as bias, mean square difference and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Although in some cases the temporal distribution of rainfall was well captured by PERSIANN-CCS, in several rain gauges high intensities were not properly represented. The differences were strongly correlated with the rain gauge precipitation, but not with satellite-obtained rainfall. The main conclusion concerns the need for specific local calibration for the study area if PERSIANN-CCS is to be used as an operational tool for the monitoring of extreme meteorological phenomena.
Introduction to machine learning

The goal of machine learning is to program computers to use example data or past experience to solve a given problem. Many successful applications of machine learning exist already, including systems that analyze past sales data to predict customer behavior, optimize robot behavior so that a task can be completed using minimum resources, and extract knowledge from bioinformatics data. Introduction to Machine Learning is a comprehensive textbook on the subject, covering a broad array of topics not usually included in introductory machine learning texts. In order to present a unified treatment of machine learning problems and solutions, it discusses many methods from different fields, including statistics, pattern recognition, neural networks, artificial intelligence, signal processing, control, and data mining. All learning algorithms are explained so that the student can easily move from the equations in the book to a computer program. The text covers such topics as supervised learning, Bayesian decision theory, parametric methods, multivariate methods, multilayer perceptrons, local models, hidden Markov models, assessing and comparing classification algorithms, and reinforcement learning. New to the second edition are chapters on kernel machines, graphical models, and Bayesian estimation; expanded coverage of statistical tests in a chapter on design and analysis of machine learning experiments; case studies available on the Web (with downloadable results for instructors); and many additional exercises. All chapters have been revised and updated. Introduction to Machine Learning can be used by advanced undergraduates and graduate students who have completed courses in computer programming, probability, calculus, and linear algebra. It will also be of interest to engineers in the field who are concerned with the application of machine learning methods. Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning series
Zarka shakedown modelling of expansive soils subjected to wetting and drying cycles

ABSTRACT Unsaturated expansive soils subjected to wetting and drying cycles result in huge differential settlements of structures built on these materials. The existed models for these materials present large number of parameters that lead to time-consuming procedure to characterise their mechanical behaviour during wetting–drying cycles. In this context, Zarka shakedown theory previously applied to the mechanical loading of granular materials has been used for expansive soils subjected to suction cycles. The parameters of this shakedown-based model were calibrated for two different expansive soils. The comparisons between the experimental results and the calculations for the different tests, demonstrate the capacity of Zarka shakedown theory to simulate the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated expansive soils.
IPO-PEKS: Effective Inner Product Outsourcing Public Key Searchable Encryption From Lattice in the IoT

Lightweight devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) typically need to store massive data on a cloud server with strong processing and storage capabilities for later retrieval and usage. Since these data contain the participant’s sensitive information, they cannot be delivered directly to the cloud server. Public-key Encryption with Keyword Search (PEKS) allows customers to search for target encrypted files using keywords. However, the majority of PEKS implementations are unable to repel malicious quantum-capable attackers. And with regard to forward security, they must search for many rounds to obtain the necessary data. To resolve these concerns, we propose a comprehensive Inner Product Outsourcing PEKS system (IPO-PEKS) with forward security based on LWE assumptions, which raises search efficiency by allowing authorized clients to find the information they desire in a single round and achieves more fine-grained searches. Furthermore, we offer an inner product outsourcing calculation technique that allows the server to compute the inner product result without knowing the details of both parties in order to conceal the relevant privacy data of transmitting and decryption states. The paradigm can be utilized for efficient state transition through the use of parallel computing to accomplish the target of one round of iteration.