Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of Immune Response Mediators and Pain-Related Ion Channels Is Associated with Pain-like Behavior in the GLA KO Mouse Model of Fabry Disease

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare life-threatening disorder caused by deficiency of the alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme with a characteristic pain phenotype. Impaired GLA production or function leads to the accumulation of the cell membrane compound globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in the neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of FD patients. Applying immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR) analysis on DRG tissue of the GLA knockout (KO) mouse model of FD, we address the question of how Gb3 accumulation may contribute to FD pain and focus on the immune system and pain-associated ion channel gene expression. We show a higher Gb3 load in the DRG of young (<6 months) (p < 0.01) and old (≥12 months) (p < 0.001) GLA KO mice compared to old wildtype (WT) littermates, and an overall suppressed immune response in the DRG of old GLA KO mice, represented by a reduced number of CD206+ macrophages (p < 0.01) and lower gene expression levels of the inflammation-associated targets interleukin(IL)1b (p < 0.05), IL10 (p < 0.001), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (p < 0.05), and leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) (p < 0.01) in the DRG of old GLA KO mice compared to old WT. Dysregulation of immune-related genes may be linked to lower gene expression levels of the pain-associated ion channels calcium-activated potassium channel 3.1 (KCa3.1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channel (TRPA1). Ion channel expression might further be disturbed by impaired sphingolipid recruitment mediated via the lipid raft marker flotillin-1 (FLOT1). This impairment is represented by an increased number of FLOT1+ DRG neurons with a membranous expression pattern in old GLA KO mice compared to young GLA KO, young WT, and old WT mice (p < 0.001 each). Further, we provide evidence for aberrant behavior of GLA KO mice, which might be linked to dysregulated ion channel gene expression levels and disturbed FLOT1 distribution patterns. Behavioral testing revealed mechanical hypersensitivity in young (p < 0.01) and old (p < 0.001) GLA KO mice compared to WT, heat hypersensitivity in young GLA KO mice (p < 0.001) compared to WT, age-dependent heat hyposensitivity in old GLA KO mice (p < 0.001) compared to young GLA KO mice, and cold hyposensitivity in young (p < 0.001) and old (p < 0.001) GLA KO mice compared to WT, which well reflects the clinical phenotype observed in FD patients.
Glandular Tissue Component on Breast Ultrasound in Dense Breasts: A New Imaging Biomarker for Breast Cancer Risk

Breast density, which refers to the amount of radiopaque fibroglandular tissue (FGT) relative to radiolucent fatty tissue on mammography, is established as an imaging biomarker of breast cancer risk and is included in risk assessment models [1,2]. In dense breasts, the performance and resulting benefits of screening mammography are reduced, and additional screening tests, such as ultrasound (US) or MRI, are often recommended, along with the Glandular Tissue Component on Breast Ultrasound in Dense Breasts: A New Imaging Biomarker for Breast Cancer Risk
Transferrin-Enabled Blood–Brain Barrier Crossing Manganese-Based Nanozyme for Rebalancing the Reactive Oxygen Species Level in Ischemic Stroke

(1) Background: Acute ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the main causes of human disability and death. Therefore, multifunctional nanosystems that effectively cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and efficiently eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) are urgently needed for comprehensive neuroprotective effects. (2) Methods: We designed a targeted transferrin (Tf)-based manganese dioxide nanozyme (MnO2@Tf, MT) using a mild biomimetic mineralization method for rebalancing ROS levels. Furthermore, MT can be efficiently loaded with edaravone (Eda), a clinical neuroprotective agent, to obtain the Eda-MnO2@Tf (EMT) nanozyme. (3) Results: The EMT nanozyme not only accumulates in a lesion area and crosses the BBB but also possesses satisfactory biocompatibility and biosafety based on the functional inheritance of Tf. Meanwhile, EMT has intrinsic hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability and superoxide-dismutase-like and catalase-like nanozyme abilities, allowing it to ameliorate ROS-mediated damage and decrease inflammatory factor levels in vivo. Moreover, the released Mn2+ ions in the weak acid environment of the lesion area can be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the treatment process. (4) Conclusions: Our study not only paves a way to engineer alternative targeted ROS scavengers for intensive reperfusion-induced injury in ischemic stroke but also provides new insights into the construction of bioinspired Mn-based nanozymes.
Simulation studies with a continuously online trained artificial neural network controller for a micro-turbogenerator

This paper reports on the simulation studies carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the practical implementation of a Continuously Online Trained (COT) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller to identify the continuous changing complex nonlinear dynamics of the power system, and another COT ANN to control a micro-turbogenerator which consists of a turbine simulator and a micro-alternator connected to an infinite bus through a short transmission line in a laboratory environment. This neural network controller augments/replaces the traditional automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and the turbine governor of the generator. Simulation and practical results are presented to show that this COT ANN identifier/controller has the potential to allow turbogenerators to operate more closely to their steady state stability limits.
Clinicoepidemiological profile of COVID-19 patients admitted at a teaching institute in a hilly area of India during the second wave—A retrospective observational study

Introduction: COVID-19 ongoing pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths globally, and India has recorded the second highest number of confirmed cases till now. In the absence of effective treatment, it becomes crucial to know about the course of the disease in hospital settings for effective patient care. The present study discusses the clinicoepidemiological, haematological and biochemical determinants among survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in a hilly area. Methods: A record-based cross-sectional study was carried out at the government hospital from March 2021 to June 2021, which included all confirmed cases of 18 years and above. Demographic details, delayed admission, co-morbidities and laboratory parameters were collected. Results: Out of a total of 1267 COVID-19 patients, the mean age of survived and succumbed was 50.77 ± 16.1 and 60.50 ± 14.2 years, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean survival time in males (17.7 days) was lesser compared to that in females (20.3 days). Two hundred and twelve of them practised self-medication. The mean duration of delayed testing (2.95 ± 2.3 vs 3.36 ± 2.2 days), mean values of haemoglobin (11.39 ± 2.1 vs 12.5 ± 1.7), platelet count (193.8 ± 94.6 vs 253.1 ± 105.9), leucocyte count (11.53 ± 5.72 vs 9.11 ± 5.21), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (10.0 ± 2.9 vs 7.3 ± 3.5), urea (61.16 ± 51.8 vs 30.2 ± 21.2) and creatinine (2.13 ± 2.9 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3) among the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Increasing age, contact history, hypertension [OR 3.2 (95% CI, 1.40–7.39)], diabetes [OR 1.9 (95% CI, 0.81–4.40)] and chronic kidney disease [OR 15.4 (95% CI, 5.23–45.71)] were found to be associated with increased risk of mortality (P < 0.005). Conclusions: Public health interventions like contact tracing, testing and early identification of laboratory parameters and treatment on priority would help in providing effective care so that the mortality can be reduced.
Vitamin-D deficiency in adults of Mumbai city: Change in the last decade

Background: Vitamin-D deficiency is a pandemic that is being linked to various noncommunicable diseases. The present study is an attempt to study the demographic profile and the prevalence of comorbidities in association with the vitamin-D status of the Mumbai-based study population. The authors also attempt to understand the change in prevalence over the last decade. Methodology: Fasting blood samples were collected from consenting asymptomatic adults visiting the hospital and were analyzed for the prevalence of vitamin-D deficiency and diabetes mellitus, and participants were clinically examined for the presence of hypertension (as defined by AHA guidelines) and obesity (as defined by body mass index of more than equal to 30). Results: It was found that 57% of participants were deficient, 25% had insufficient, and 18% had adequate vitamin-D levels. There were a greater number of younger (P = 0.003) and upper-middle-class participants in the deficient group (P = 0.043816). Prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus and the distribution of genders was comparable in the deficient and sufficient vitamin-D groups. However, diabetic vitamin-D-sufficient participants had better control of blood sugar compared to diabetic vitamin-D-deficient participants. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of vitamin-D deficiency has slightly reduced compared to the previous decade, it is still highly prevalent. Diabetic vitamin-D-sufficient participants had better glycemic control compared to diabetic vitamin-D-deficient participants. Thus, it is highly recommended for primary care physicians to screen everyone for vitamin-D deficiency.
‘Looking for Anchors’: Using Reciprocal Poetic Inquiry to Explore the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Our Educator-Artist Selves

ABSTRACT As collaborative theatre-makers, university teachers, and researchers in South Africa, our symbiotic, interactive relationship has shaped the construction of our academic identities. The displacement caused by social distancing regulations and repeated government-mandated lockdowns, as well as our own shifting circumstances, have forced us to re-examine these academic identities as we negotiate the challenges of working together while not being able to inhabit the same physical space. In this study, we work dialogically, collaboratively and reciprocally, to interrogate our identities as educators in a creative discipline. Using poetic inquiry and reciprocal found poetry, we examined our teaching experiences in the moment of rupture created by the Covid-19 pandemic. We explore how we are (re)learning and (re)imagining who we are as teachers and what we do with, and for, our students, through interrogating our lived experiences in poetic form. In so doing, we recognize how, by accepting fluidity and contingency, having an ethic of care for ourselves and for our students, accepting our vulnerability, and trusting our resilience, we begin to find the positives, and to embrace, rather than resist, the challenges we are facing. Our process of creating our reciprocal found poems and the use of dialogue as a mode of analysis and meaning-making offer a methodological approach that others may find useful in developing their poetic self-study research.
Cardiac 123I-mIBG Imaging in Heart Failure

Cardiac sympathetic upregulation is one of the neurohormonal compensation mechanisms that play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF). In the past decades, cardiac 123I-mIBG scintigraphy has been established as a feasible technique to evaluate the global and regional cardiac sympathetic innervation. Although cardiac 123I-mIBG imaging has been studied in many cardiac and neurological diseases, it has extensively been studied in ischemic and non-ischemic CHF. Therefore, this review will focus on the role of 123I-mIBG imaging in CHF. This non-invasive, widely available technique has been established to evaluate the prognosis in CHF. Standardization, especially among various combinations of gamma camera and collimator, is important for identifying appropriate thresholds for adequate risk stratification. Interestingly, in contrast to the linear relationship between 123I-mIBG-derived parameters and overall prognosis, there seems to be a “bell-shape” curve for 123I-mIBG-derived parameters in relation to ventricular arrhythmia or appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy in patients with ischemic CHF. In addition, there is a potential clinical role for cardiac 123I-mIBG imaging in optimizing patient selection for implantation of expensive devices such as ICD and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Based on cardiac 123I-mIBG data risk models and machine learning, models have been developed for appropriate risk assessment in CHF.
Severity of grinder injuries and related factors compared with other high-rotation cutting tool injuries: a multicenter retrospective study from 2011 to 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the characteristics of patients injured by high-rotation cutting tools and the factors related to the severity of their injuries. Methods: Adult patients (≥18 years), who presented to the emergency department (ED) after a high-rotation cutting tool injury and who were registered in the Korean Emergency Depart-ment-based Injury In-Depth Surveillance (2011–2018) database, were included. Patients’ demo-graphic characteristics, injury-related factors, and Injury Severity Scores were collected. All included cases were categorized into two groups according to the tool that caused the injury: grinder versus nongrinder. The characteristics of the two groups were compared, and the factors associated with the severity of injuries were investigated. Results: Among 8,697 ED visits, 4,603 patients had been using a grinder and 4,094 had been using a nongrinder tool. The most frequently injured body part while using a grinder was the hand (46.4%), followed by the head (23.0%). While using a nongrinder tool, the most frequently injured body part was also the hand (64.0%), followed by the lower leg (11.4%). The odds of a severe injury were affect-ed by patient age (odds ratio [OR], 1.024; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.020–1.028) and using a grinder (OR, 2.073; 95% CI, 1.877–2.290). The odds of a severe injury using a grinder were higher in arm injuries (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.40–1.83) and multiple-part injuries (OR, 1.998; 95% CI, 1.639– 2.437). The odds of a severe injury using a grinder were lower for head injuries (OR, 0.481; 95% CI, 0.297–0.781). Conclusions: Injuries from grinders were more likely to affect the head and neck than nongrinder injuries, despite the lower severity. The current lack of regulations on grinders in occupational safety and health standards warrants relevant legislation and the development of applicable safety equipment.
Meeting processing challenges in clean coal utilization

Processing plays an important role in clean coal utilization and overall profitability of a mining and power plant complex through: (1) production of desired quality fuel, (2) maximizing recovered BTUs of mined-fuel, (3) minimizing processing-waste cost, (4) reduction of sorbent requirements for SO x , NO x control and associated coal combustion byproducts (fly ash, scrubber sludge) management costs, and (5) reducing trace element and particulate emissions. However, control of inert dilution of coal, assessing where to locate processing operations and how much processing to do must be carefully evaluated through technical and economic analyses. These analyses should be directed toward: (1) evaluating economic impacts of dilution, (2) maximizing processing benefits at minimum cost, and (3) maximizing overall profitability of a mining complex while minimizing environmental impacts of mining, processing and power plant operations. Authors discuss these concepts here with examples of application potential for Indian coals.
The Role of Prior Knowledge and Intelligence in Gaining from a Training on Proportional Reasoning

We explored the mediating role of prior knowledge on the relation between intelligence and learning proportional reasoning. What students gain from formal instruction may depend on their intelligence, as well as on prior encounters with proportional concepts. We investigated whether a basic curriculum unit on the concept of density promoted students’ learning in a training on proportional reasoning. A 2 × 2 design with the factors basic curriculum unit (with, without) and intervention context to introduce proportional reasoning (speed, density) was applied in two consecutive, randomized classroom studies (N1 = 251, N2 = 566 fourth- and fifth-graders; 49%/56% female). We controlled for intelligence and mathematical achievement. We expected the combination of having received the basic curriculum unit on floating and sinking and proportional reasoning introduced via density (a familiar problem-solving context for this group) to be especially favorable. Whereas this hypothesis was not supported, we showed that mathematical achievement mediated the relation between intelligence and proportional reasoning and enabled learners to better exploit the learning opportunities.
Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes

This review aimed to analyze the findings in the literature related to Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) through an exploratory systematic review and to present the state of the art from a multifactorial perspective. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement, with a search performed in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Participants were competitive athletes (amateurs or professionals) of regional, national, or international levels. Of the 2763 registries identified, 112 studies met the eligibility criteria. The pooled sample size and age were 20,784 participants, with a mean age of 27.7 ± 6 years for male and 28.9 ± 3 years for female, with the vast majority of athletes being male (94.9%). MMA athletes were 17.2% amateurs, 73.8% professionals, and 9% were not reported. The scientific literature related to MMA reported injuries (n = 28), weight loss (n = 21), technical and tactical analysis (n = 23), physical fitness (n = 8), physiological responses and training characteristics (n = 13), psychobiological parameters (n = 12), and interventions applied to MMA athletes (n = 7). Therefore, this exploratory systematic review presents practitioners and researchers with seven broad summaries of each facet of performance of importance in this population of athletes.
Aggregate dynamics and intra-aggregate carbon contents as influenced by long-term wheat production management in semi-arid South Africa

Soil aggregate dynamics have received renewed interest due to their relevance in carbon (C) stabilisation. This study evaluated changes in aggregate-size distribution and intra-aggregate C following 41 years of wheat production in semi-arid central South Africa. Management practices that have been applied for 41 years include two straw management protocols (unburned and burned), three tillage systems (no-tillage, stubble mulch and mouldboard ploughing) and two weeding methods (chemical and mechanical). Soil cores were taken at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths and fractionated to aggregates of different sizes using wet sieving. All the fractions including bulk soil were analysed for C. Unburned plots had more small macro-aggregates (35% and 33%, respectively) in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths, but 26% and 27% lower large macro-aggregate and bulk C, respectively were found in the 10–20 cm depth compared to the burned plots. No-tillage stimulated re-aggregation, especially large macro-aggregates, by 68% in the 0–10 cm depth compared to stubble mulch. Small macro-aggregates, large micro-aggregates and bulk soil under no-tillage had on average 25% higher C compared to those under mouldboard ploughing in the 0–10 cm soil layer. Although signs of aggregate equilibrium state were evident, future studies focusing specifically on this subject are needed.
Turbidity Currents Can Dictate Organic Carbon Fluxes Across River‐Fed Fjords: An Example From Bute Inlet (BC, Canada)

The delivery and burial of terrestrial particulate organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments is important to quantify, because this OC is a food resource for benthic communities, and if buried it may lower the concentrations of atmospheric CO2 over geologic timescales. Analysis of sediment cores has previously shown that fjords are hotspots for OC burial. Fjords can contain complex networks of submarine channels formed by seafloor sediment flows, called turbidity currents. However, the burial efficiency and distribution of OC by turbidity currents in river‐fed fjords had not been investigated previously. Here, we determine OC distribution and burial efficiency across a turbidity current system within Bute Inlet, a fjord in western Canada. We show that 62% ± 10% of the OC supplied by the two river sources is buried across the fjord surficial (30–200 cm) sediment. The sandy subenvironments (channel and lobe) contain 63% ± 14% of the annual terrestrial OC burial in the fjord. In contrast, the muddy subenvironments (overbank and distal basin) contain the remaining 37% ± 14%. OC in the channel, lobe, and overbank exclusively comprises terrestrial OC sourced from rivers. When normalized by the fjord’s surface area, at least 3 times more terrestrial OC is buried in Bute Inlet, compared to the muddy parts of other fjords previously studied. Although the long‐term (>100 years) preservation of this OC is still to be fully understood, turbidity currents in fjords appear to be efficient at storing OC supplied by rivers in their near‐surface deposits.
Reduction in growth rates of wild horse populations treated with the controlled-release immunocontraceptive PZP-22 in the western United States

ABSTRACT Context. Management of wild horses (Equus caballus) on public lands in the western United States by gathering and removing surplus animals has historically failed to keep up with annual population growth. Research has yielded several effective contraceptive agents but these agents have not been widely applied, especially on difficult-to-access horses occupying expansive ranges. Aims. This study examined wild horse population growth reduction associated with controlled-release PZP-22 immunocontraceptive vaccine treatments in two challenging herd management areas (HMA) in the western United States. Methods. Populations of wild horse herds at Cedar Mountain HMA, Utah (CM), and Sand Wash Basin HMA, Colorado (SWB), USA, were primed with PZP-22 in gathers conducted in 2008 and 2012 (CM only) and boosted with PZP-22 or native PZP administered by dart (SWB in 2010) or by hand (CM in 2012). The two herds were intensively observed between 2008 and 2015. Population size, mortality, reproductive rates and growth rates were calculated from exhaustive inventories of known individuals. Key results. Adult and foal mortality were low at both sites. Consequently, both reproductive rates and population growth rates were strongly predicted by a fertility control index, the product of proportion of mares treated and vaccine efficacy. Following the 2012 CM gather, at which 69% of the mares present were treated, only 20% of mares in the herd foaled, and population growth rate decreased by 74% relative to baseline levels, emphasising the importance of treating a large majority of mares. Conclusions. Contraception can significantly reduce rates of population growth in wild horse herds that occupy large areas and are challenging to access. Multiple-year efforts and recruitment of new mares into the treatment population beyond the initial application are needed to achieve a biologically significant impact. Implications. The strong quantitative relationship between proportion of mares treated and vaccine efficacy and population growth rates should allow managers to better forecast the effort and number of removals (if any) needed to cost-effectively regulate wild horse population numbers and protect the range ecosystem.