Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic background of gravitational waves emitted by magnetars

Two classes of high-energy sources in our galaxy are believed to host magnetars, i.e. neutron stars whose emission results from the dissipation of their magnetic field. The extremely high magnetic field of magnetars distorts their shape, and causes the emission of a conspicuous gravitational wave signal if rotation is fast and takes place around a different axis than the symmetry axis of the magnetic distortion. Based on a numerical model of the cosmic star formation history, we derive the cosmological background of gravitational waves produced by magnetars, when they are very young and fast spinning. We adopt different models for the configuration and strength of the internal magnetic field (which determines the distortion) as well as different values of the external dipole field strength (which governs the spin evolution of magnetars over a wide range of parameters). We find that the expected gravitational wave background differs considerably from one model to another. The strongest signals are generated for magnetars with very intense toroidal internal fields (∼10 16 G range) and external dipole fields of ∼10 14 , as envisaged in models aimed at explaining the properties of the 2004 December giant flare from SGR 1806-20. Such signals should be easily detectable with third-generation ground-based interferometers such as the Einstein Telescope.
Contextualizing Word Use Differences in Letters of Recommendation for Fellowship

As part of a long overdue reckoning on diversity and inclusion in academic medicine, recent research has identified significant and persistent race-, gender-, and ethnicity-based disparities in pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) training programs (1). A crucial first step in addressing these disparities is to understand the mechanisms that create and perpetuate biases in the selection process. Gender-based language differences in letters of been early target for faculty development questions remain about how
Self-similar traffic parameter estimation: a semi-parametric periodogram-based algorithm

Recent results from packet measurement analysis have shown that packet traffic exhibits fractal properties such as self-similarity (or its concomitant, long-range dependence) which are fundamentally different from features found in circuit switched voice traffic and captured by commonly used packet traffic models such as batch-Poisson and Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP). These fractal properties are associated with the well-known burstiness of packet traffic, and self-similar traffic models (e.g., fractional Brownian motion (FBM)) permit parsimonious descriptions of packet traffic. The FBM model requires only 3 parameters: mean rate, peakedness (a measure of the fluctuations about the mean rate), and the Hurst parameter (characterizing long-range dependence). From the viewpoint of applying such models in practice, the estimation of these parameters is of crucial importance. We use a semi-parametric periodogram-based algorithm (SPA) to estimate the Hurst parameter and the peakedness. The algorithm is based on the fact that the power spectral density (PSD) of long-range dependent processes obey a power-law near the origin (i.e., 1/f-noise). We apply SPA to estimate the traffic parameters of both synthetically generated FBM traces as well as real Ethernet traces. Our analysis indicates that, compared with other methods SPA offers several advantages: (i) the marginals of the traffic time series are not required to be Gaussian (ii) it is computationally efficient (iii) it can estimate the peakedness factor as well as the Hurst parameter.
A LOW ESCAPE FRACTION OF IONIZING PHOTONS OF L > L* LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES AT z = 3.3

We present an upper limit for the relative escape fraction (frelesc) of ionizing radiation at z ∼ 3.3 using a sample of 11 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) with deep imaging in the U band obtained with the Large Binocular Camera, mounted on the prime focus of the Large Binocular Telescope. We selected 11 LBGs with secure redshifts in the range 3.27 < z < 3.35, from three independent fields. We stacked the images of our sources in the R and U bands, which correspond to an effective rest-frame wavelength of 1500 Å and 900 Å, respectively, obtaining a limit in the U band image of ⩾30.7 mag (AB) at 1σ. We derive a 1σ upper limit of frelesc ∼ 5%, which is one of the lowest values found in the literature so far at z ∼ 3.3. Assuming that the upper limit for the escape fraction that we derived from our sample holds for all galaxies at this redshift, the hydrogen ionization rate that we obtain (Γ−12 < 0.3 s−1) is not enough to keep the intergalactic medium ionized and a substantial contribution to the UV background by faint active galactic nuclei is required. Since our sample is clearly still limited in size, larger z ∼ 3 LBG samples at similar or even greater depths are necessary to confirm these results on a more firm statistical basis.
Spintronic oscillator based on magnetic field feedback

We present a circuit design of a spintronic oscillator based on a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). In this design, a dc current is passed through a magnetic tunnel junction which is connected to a “feed-back” wire below it. Any fluctuation in the magnetization direction of the free layer of MTJ, drives a fluctuating current through the feed-back wire, which exerts a magnetic field on the free layer. This in turn can amplify the magnetization fluctuations. If the dc current passing through the MTJ is more than a critical value, periodic precessional states of the magnetization are possible.
Experiences and Expectations of the Characteristics of Friendly Primary Health Services from the Perspective of Men: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study

Inadequate men’s engagement with health services may be influenced by unmet needs and demands of the local men’s community. This study aimed to explore men’s experiences with primary health services and their expectations of the characteristics of friendly primary health services, from the perspective of men in Kelantan, Malaysia. A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted with 15 men from six primary health facilities in Kelantan, Malaysia, who were selected based on maximum variation sampling. The data were transcribed and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The study found that experiences with the existing primary health services were categorized into four subthemes: provision of health services, health promotion delivery, attributes of healthcare providers, and the physical environment of the health facilities. Meanwhile, the expectations of the characteristics of friendly primary health services were categorized into four subthemes: meeting the needs of men in primary health services, approaching men through effective health promotion strategies, standards of a healthcare provider from the viewpoint of men, and a comfortable physical environment for men. Prior experiences hugely influenced men’s expectations of friendly primary health services. Men want these health service characteristics customized to meet their needs, allowing them to use health services with confidence and comfort. Thus, to strengthen primary health services for men, it is essential to comprehend their prior experiences with and expectations of the services.
Predicting the Potential Distribution of Endangered Parrotia subaequalis in China

Climate change poses a serious threat to species, especially for endangered species. This is particularly true for the endangered tree Parrotia subaequalis, endemic to China. To date, little is known about its pattern of habitat distribution, and how it will respond under future climate change still remains unclear. Based on six climate variables and 115 occurrence records, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution of P. subaequalis in China. The modeling results showed that the first three leading factors influencing its distribution were precipitation in the driest quarter (Bio17), the mean temperature of driest quarter (Bio9), and annual average temperature (Bio1). The actual distribution area of this endangered tree was smaller than the projected suitable range (2.325 × 104 km2), which was mainly concentrated in west and southeast Anhui, southwest Jiangsu, and northwest Zhejiang, eastern China. Our study also indicated that P. subaequalis populations in the three regions (Central-China Mountain Area (CC), Dabie Mountain Area (DB), and Tianmu Mountain Area (TM)) responded differently to future climate change. The DB population changed insignificantly in a suitable habitat, while the TM population increased slightly in area, migrating northeast on the whole. The habitats of the DB and TM populations became more fragmented under all future climate scenarios than those under the current condition. Due to geographical isolation and limited spread, it is plausible for P. subaequalis to grow in CC under current and future conditions. Accordingly, our findings highlighted that the two local populations of P. subaequalis presented different responses to climate change under global warming. Therefore, our study can improve the conservation and management of P. subaequalis in China and be helpful for other endangered tree species with local populations that respond differently to climate change.
Clumpy galaxies at z ∼ 0.6: kinematics, stability and comparison with analogues at other redshifts

Distant clumpy galaxies are thought to be Jeans-unstable discs and an important channel for the formation of local galaxies, as suggested by recent spatially resolved kinematic observations of z ∼ 2 galaxies. I study the kinematics of clumpy galaxies at z ∼ 0.6 and compare their properties with those of counterparts at higher and lower redshifts. I selected a sample of 11 clumpy galaxies at z ∼ 0.6 from the representative sample of emission-line, intermediate-mass galaxies IMAGES. Selection was based on rest-frame UV morphology from Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys images, mimicking the selection criteria commonly used at higher redshifts. Their spatially resolved kinematics were derived in the frame of the IMAGES survey, using the Very Large Telescope/FLAMES-GIRAFFE multi-integral field spectrograph. For those showing large-scale rotation, I derived the Toomre Q parameter, which characterizes the stability of their gaseous and stellar phases. I find that the fraction of UV-selected clumpy galaxies at z ∼ 0.6 is 20± 12 per cent. Roughly half of them (45 ±30 per cent) have complex kinematics inconsistent with Jeans-unstable discs, while those in the remaining half (55 ± 30 per cent) show large-scale rotations. The latter reveal a stable gaseous phase, but the contribution of their stellar phase makes them globally unstable to clump formation. Clumpy galaxies appear to be less unstable at z ∼ 0.6 than at z ∼ 2, which could explain why the UV clumps tend to vanish in rest-frame optical images of z ∼ 0.6 clumpy galaxies, conversely to z ∼ 2 clumpy galaxies, in which the stellar phase can substantially fragment. This suggests that the former correspond to patchy star formation regions superimposed on a smoother mass distribution. A possible and widespread scenario for driving clump formation relies on instabilities by cold streams penetrating the dark matter haloes where clumpy galaxies inhabit. While such a gas accretion process is predicted to be significant in massive, z ∼ 2 haloes, it is also predicted to be strongly suppressed in similar, z ∼ 0.6 haloes, which could explain why lowest z clumpy galaxies appear to be driven by a different mechanism. Instead, I found that interactions are probably the dominant driver leading to the formation of clumpy galaxies at z 1 clumpy galaxies remains more uncertain. While cold flows could be an important driver at z ∼ 2, I also argue that the observed and cumulative merger fraction between z = 2 and z = 3 is large enough so that every z ∼ 2 galaxy might be the result of a merger that occurred within their past 1 Gyr. I conclude that it is premature to rule out mergers as a universal driver for galaxy evolution from z ∼ 2 down to z = 0.
Critical success factors for smart-professional disruptor in university

Current and emerging technologies have changed a lot. Consequently, every year, Gartner Technology has made many new changes in accordance with global developments. For example, in terms of artificial intelligence (AI), mixed reality (MR), extended reality (XR), collaboration platforms, online learning, distributed cloud, internet of behaviors (IoB), and cybersecurity. Due to changes in technology, disruptors have to constantly learn new technology in order to be up to date in the transfer of knowledge to learners. Therefore, in this research, critical success factors (CSFs) have been studied, which help them become highly skilled professionals by developing their own skills with technology to be a successful disruptor at university. The study found the CSFs, which were derived from the synthesis of international research papers. Disruptors' success consists of 12 internal and 10 external success factors. Smart-professional disruptors in universities were assessed using a focus group method with eight experts. Focus group results found that there were seven important internal factors for smart-professional disruptors in universities and seven minor internal factors. Including all internal factors, smart-professional disruptors have 14 factors; external factors are the most important ones for smart-professional disruptors in universities. In total, smart-professional disruptors have a total of 11 external factors. internet of behaviors (IoB), cybersecurity mesh and hyperautomation. As a result, instructors need to adapt to have the knowledge and ability to adapt to changing technology. Many studies have been conducted on the application of these technologies in universities or educational institutions.
High-Resolution Tap-Based IoT System for Flow Data Collection and Water End-Use Analysis

Knowledge on water-use patterns in residential settings can help policymakers formulate well-targeted water conservation measures and evaluate the efficacy of such measures. Prior studies have applied machine learning techniques to disaggregate household-level water consumption data, collected by smart meters, into specific end-use categories, such as showering, basin use, kitchen use, and use by washing machine. However, the analysis of the effect of the sampling interval on the classification accuracy level remains an underinvestigated issue. This article seeks to fill this knowledge gap by identifying an optimal sampling interval that can achieve a high level of classification accuracy while overcoming constraints of on-device data storage, data transmission, and energy consumption. To understand the benefits of collecting fine-grained data for machine learning, we have built a high-resolution tap-based Internet of Things (IoT) system comprising a set of Wi-Fi-based tap sensors, gateway infrastructure, and a secure data processing pipeline. Based on empirical tap-based data collected over an eight-month period, we concluded that when the sampling interval decreases slightly from 5 to 1 s, the accuracy level of the end-use classification model increases significantly from 66.6% to 76.1 %. This article also highlights the challenges of deploying IoT sensors to collect water consumption data in a domestic setting. In order to collect sufficient ground-truth data for the training and verification of a generalizable water end-use disaggregation model, it is necessary to sophisticate the flow data collection system by adopting low-power wide-area network technologies and reducing the level of energy consumption of the flow sensing components.
Extending Word2Vec with Domain-Specific Labels

Choosing a proper representation of textual data is an important part of natural language processing. One option is using Word2Vec embeddings, i.e., dense vectors whose properties can to a degree capture the "meaning" of each word. One of the main disadvantages of Word2Vec is its inability to distinguish between antonyms. Motivated by this deficiency, this paper presents a Word2Vec extension for incorporating domain-specific labels. The goal is to improve the ability to differentiate between embeddings of words associated with different document labels or classes. This improvement is demonstrated on word embeddings derived from tweets related to a publicly traded company. Each tweet is given a label depending on whether its publication coincides with a stock price increase or decrease. The extended Word2Vec model then takes this label into account. The user can also set the weight of this label in the embedding creation process. Experiment results show that increasing this weight leads to a gradual decrease in cosine similarity between embeddings of words associated with different labels. This decrease in similarity can be interpreted as an improvement of the ability to distinguish between these words.
SN 2011A: A LOW-LUMINOSITY INTERACTING TRANSIENT WITH A DOUBLE PLATEAU AND STRONG SODIUM ABSORPTION

We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of the optical transient SN 2011A. Our data span 140 days after discovery including BVRI u ′ g ′ r ′ i ′ z ′ ? > photometry and 11 epochs of optical spectroscopy. Originally classified as a type IIn supernova (SN IIn) due to the presence of narrow Hα emission, this object shows exceptional characteristics. First, the light curve shows a double plateau, a property only observed before in the impostor SN 1997bs. Second, SN 2011A has a very low luminosity ( M V = − 15.72 ? > ), placing it between normal luminous SNe IIn and SN impostors. Third, SN 2011A shows low velocity and high equivalent width absorption close to the sodium doublet, which increases with time and is most likely of circumstellar origin. This evolution is also accompanied by a change in line profile; when the absorption becomes stronger, a P Cygni profile appears. We discuss SN 2011A in the context of interacting SNe IIn and SN impostors, which appears to confirm the uniqueness of this transient. While we favor an impostor origin for SN 2011A, we highlight the difficulty in differentiating between terminal and non-terminal interacting transients.
Generating loyalty towards fast fashion stores: a cross-generational approach based on store attributes and socio-environmental responsibility

Research background: Faced with multiple media scandals concerning the pollution resulting from manufacturing activities, and encouraging the overconsumption of clothing, international fast fashion retailers have often had to resort to the elaboration and implementation of sustainable strategies aimed at environmental protection and reducing resource consumption. Generating customer satisfaction and loyalty depends increasingly on the extent to which retailers manage to employ socio-environmental responsibility besides the traditional retail store attributes. The purpose of this article: The objective of the paper is to evaluate the influence of consumer-oriented store attributes in generating satisfaction and loyalty towards the fast fashion store, highlighting the influence of socio-environmental responsibility on the two constructs. Methods: Based on the literature review, a conceptual model considering the effects of stores? attributes on store satisfaction and store loyalty and influenced by socio-environmental responsibility is proposed. Data were collected with the help of face-to-face administrated questionnaires before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in an emerging market (Romania). The data were analyzed via structural equation modeling in SmartPLS, for the three considered consumer generations: Generation X, Millennials and Generation Z. Findings & value added: For all consumer generations, all store attributes contribute to the direct generation of fast fashion store satisfaction and store loyalty; nevertheless, the intensity varies in levels of significance. Socio-environmental responsibility does not significantly determine store satisfaction, but does have a strong influence on fast fashion store loyalty. The results detailed according to the generations indicate a similar situation: each store attribute influences the satisfaction of one or other generation, apart from socio-environmental responsibility. This work makes an essential contribution to the extension of the generational theory, highlighting the various individualities, perceptions, and behaviors. This cross-generational research broadens knowledge on how different consumer generations behave when shopping from fast fashion stores. The research also extends the S-O-R model, which is used to understand the relationship between store attributes (stimulus), consumer satisfaction (organism), and consumer loyalty (response) towards fast fashion stores.
Quantum gravity constraints on inflation

We study quantum gravity constraints on inflationary model building. Our approach is based on requiring the entropy associated to a given inflationary model to be less than that of the de Sitter entropy. We give two prescriptions for determining the inflationary entropy, based on either `bits per unit area' or entanglement entropy. The existence of transPlanckian flat directions, necessary for large tensor modes in the CMB, correlates with an inflationary entropy greater than that allowed by de Sitter space. Independently these techniques also constrain or exclude de Sitter models with large-rank gauge groups and high UV cutoffs, such as racetrack inflation or the KKLT construction.
Bodies of/at Work: How Women of Colour Experienced Their Workplaces and Have Been Expected to ‘Perform’ During the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Almost 50 years ago, Edward Said wrote on ‘the other’ in relation to race and gender in his path-breaking book Orientalism (1978). While much has evolved around notions of gendered and racialised otherness since then, Said’s conceptualisation still resonates today. Our paper reports on a 2020/2021 survey of Women of Colour in the Australian workplace. The survey was conducted during the pandemic by Women of Colour Australia, a not-for-profit group, working with the lead author. We focus on the qualitative answers from participants, many of which detail sometimes painful and extremely personal workplace experiences. More than 500 Women of Colour, including seven per cent who were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, completed the survey. Sixty per cent said they had experienced discrimination in the workplace, despite 59 per cent of participants saying their workplace had a Diversity and Inclusion policy. Participants had to ‘perform’ their identities whilst being subjected to intersectional issues of racism and sexism, some of which the pandemic exacerbated. Our paper describes the harmful ramifications of gendered othering of Women of Colour for Australian organisations and society in the years of the pandemic.