Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Youth and the Third Sector Media in Spain: Communication and Social Change Training = Jóvenes y tercer sector de medios en España: Formación en comunicación y cambio social

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of community, free and university media in Spain as tools for media literacy and as instruments for creating a more critical and communicative citizenry. After a conceptual section, we analyse training processes in this area with regard to the general population and their reference communities, devoting particular emphasis to the involvement of young people. The triangulation research method was based on quantitative (a survey) and qualitative (focus groups) techniques. The results show that the third sector media in Spain act as invaluable tools for the acquisition of skills and competences that are transferable into young people’s professional and experiential sphere, given the ability of these media outlets to identify with their interests, aspirations and difficulties. In a broad sense, these initiatives contribute to expanding the right of communication in two different ways: on the one hand, because they are open to citizen participation in both management responsibilities and content programming; and, on the other, because their decentralized practices provide a laboratory for creative journalism which, in turn, is linked to social movements and other means of expression for citizens (NGOs, associations, etc.).
Intake Characteristics of Irrigation Furrows

ABSTRACT EARTH linings are frequently used in reservoirs, canals, and other earth structures to control liquid movement for the purposes of pollution control, water conservation, and structural stability. Clays or chemicals are often added to linings to reduce the hydraulic con-ductivity of the native soil, however, both additives sometimes decrease in effectiveness with time. Under ordinary conditions, gravel is nearly inert and does not change properties with time. The hydraulic con-ductivity of permeable soil was substantially reduced by adding gravel that was at least 15 times larger than the particle size of the soil. The amount of clay required to control seepage was reduced by half by the addi-tion of graved.
Carbon Isotope Composition of Marine Crude Oils (1)

A histogram of (isotope){13}C values of 621 post-Ordovician marine oils shows a trimodal distribution. Within this distribution, four groups of oils can be recognized on the basis of (isotope){13}C values, in conjunction with pristane/phytane ratios and sulfur contents. Oils with (isotope){13}C values of -32.0 to -28.0 o/oo are mainly marine shale oils older than Oligocene; oils with (isotope){13}C values of -28.0 to -23.5 o/oo are mainly deltaic oils of varying geologic age or Mesozoic carbonate oils; and oils with (isotope){13}C values heavier than -23.5 o/oo are mainly marine shale oils of Miocene age. The (isotope){13}C variation among oil groups is explained primarily by different factors that control the fractionation of carbon isotopes during primary production of rganic carbon. Miocene and younger marine shale oils are isotopically heavier than older marine shale oils because of decreased atmospheric CO[2] concentration since 25 Ma, which has resulted in decreased isotope fractionation by marine plankton during photosynthesis. Deltaic oils are mostly derived from terrestrial organic matter, and their (isotope){13}C values reflect the time-invariant average (isotope){13}C value of land plant carbon at about -25 o/oo. Mesozoic carbonate oils are isotopically heavy due mainly to salinity and temperature effects during primary production in restricted environments from which terrestrial organic matter is excluded. Processes that occur after oil generation generally have smaller effects on (isotope){13}C values of oils. As a result, (isotope){13}C val es of oils are useful for determining oil-oil and oil-source rock relationships and, in conjunction with other geochemical properties, can indicate the possible age and depositional environment of source rocks.
Context-aware information selection and model recommendation with ACCORDION

Querying new information from knowledge sources, in general, and published literature, in particular, aims to provide precise and quick answers to questions raised about a system under study. In this paper, we present ACCORDION ( ACC elerating and O ptimizing model R ecommen D at ION s), a novel methodology and a tool to enable efficient addressing of biological questions, by automatically recommending models that recapitulate desired dynamic behavior. Our approach integrates information extraction from literature, clustering, simulation and formal analysis to allow for automated, consistent, and robust assembling, testing and selection of context-specific models. We used ACCORDION in nine benchmark case studies and compared its performance with other previously published tools. ACCORDION is comprehensive as it can capture all relevant knowledge from literature, obtained by automated literature search and machine reading. At the same time, as our results show, ACCORDION is selective, recommending only the most relevant and useful subset (15-20%) of candidate model extensions found in literature, while guided by baseline model context and goal properties. ACCORDION is very effective, also demonstrated by our results, as it can reduce the error of the initial baseline model by more than 80%, recommending models that closely recapitulate desired behavior, and outperforming previously published tools. In this process, ACCORDION can also suggest more than one highly scored model, thus providing alternative solutions to user questions and novel insights for treatment directions.
Early Palaeozoic carbonate reservoirs from the Yingshan Formation of Well block ZG‐43 in Tazhong Low Rise, Central Uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China: geological features and controlling factors

Marine carbonate reservoirs, as a focus of petroleum exploration and development in China, are involved with high exploration risk and prediction difficulty owing to high heterogeneity and diversity of reservoir beds. In the Tarim Basin, NW China, carbonate reservoirs host about 38% of the whole basin's hydrocarbon resources in a large prospecting area mainly distributed in the Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in central (Tazhong) and northern (Tabei) Tarim. Recently, a better understanding has been made of the karsted weathering crust at the top of the Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the northern slope area of the Tazhong Low Rise, Central Uplift, Tarim Basin. As a new frontier of exploration, oil/gas distribution and controlling factors of carbonate reservoirs in the Yingshan Formation are not clearly understood. In this work, we investigated the reservoir beds and oil/gas properties in 13 wells in Well block ZG‐43 on the No. 10 structural belt in the Tazhong Low Rise, and studied hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics with seismic and geochemical data. The Yingshan Formation in Well block ZG‐43 is mainly composed of calcarenite, dolomitic limestone, dolomite, cryptite, as low porosity and low permeability reservoir beds, with fracture‐void porosity constituting the main reservoir pore space. Oil/gas is quasi‐layer distributed beneath the unconformity between the Yingshan and Lianglitag formations to a depth of 140 m. The oil in Well block ZG‐43 is condensate with low density, low viscosity, low sulphur, low resin, low asphaltene, and high wax. The gas is 87.3% methane, generally containing H2S. The oil/gas distribution pattern is oil in the east and gas in the west, and H2S content in the west is lower than that in the east. The controlling factors for hydrocarbon are multi‐source supply and multi‐phase charging, interstratal karstification, hydrothermal activity, structural location and sealing condition. A structural–lithological trap is the main type of oil/gas accumulation. Oil/gas distribution was clearly affected by strike–slip faults. Oil/gas with multi‐source supply and multi‐phase charging was controlled by favourable local palaeo‐highs, and affected by later karsting and hydrothermal activity, as well as gas invasion in the Himalayan (Cenozoic) period. Under the caprock of compact limestone in the third to fifth members of the Lianglitag Formation, oil/gas migrated up along the strike–slip fault planes, and moved laterally to both sides in a ‘T’ shape, and formed large‐scale quasi‐layer condensate gas reservoirs controlled by reservoir bed quality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA barcodes provide insights into the diversity and biogeography of the non‐biting midge Polypedilum (Diptera, Chironomidae) in South America

Abstract South America, particularly within its tropical belt, is renowned for its unparalleled high levels of species richness, surpassing other major biomes. Certain neotropical areas harbor fragmented knowledge of insect diversity and face imminent threats from biodiversity loss and climate change. Hence, there is an urgent need for rapid estimation methods to complement slower traditional taxonomic approaches. A variety of algorithms for delimiting species through single‐locus DNA barcodes have been developed and applied for rapid species diversity estimates across diverse taxa. However, tree‐based and distance‐based methods may yield different group assignments, leading to potential overestimation or underestimation of putative species. Here, we investigate the performance of different DNA‐based species delimitation approaches to rapidly estimate the diversity of Polypedilum (Chironomidae, Diptera) in South America. Additionally, we test the hypothesis that significant differences exist in the community structure of Polypedilum fauna between South America and its neighboring regions, particularly the Nearctic. Our analysis encompasses a dataset of 1492 specimens from 598 locations worldwide, with a specific focus on South America. Within this region, we analyzed a subset of 247 specimens reported from 37 locations. Using various methods including the Barcode Index Number (BIN), Bayesian Poisson tree processes (bPTP), multi‐rate Poisson tree processes (mPTP), single‐rate Poisson tree processes (sPTP), and generalized mixed Yule coalescent (sGMYC), we identify molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) ranging from 267 to 520. Our results indicate that the sGMYC method is the most suitable for estimating putative species in our dataset, resulting in the identification of 75 species in the Neotropical region, particularly in South America. Notably, this region exhibited higher species richness in comparison to the Palearctic and Oriental realms. Additionally, our findings suggest potential differences in species composition of Polypedilum fauna between the Neotropical and the adjacent Nearctic realms, highlighting high levels of endemism and species richness in the first. These results support our hypothesis that there are substantial differences exist in species composition between the Polypedilum fauna in South America and the neighboring regions.
A magma-loading model for Barrovian metamorphism in the southeast Coast Plutonic Complex,British Columbia and Washington

Barrovian metamorphism linked to crustal thickening in the southeast Coast Plutonic Complex of British Columbia and Washington is proposed in this paper to be the product of magmatic loading. Relevant observations and arguments are the following. (1) Isotopic ages coupled with structural and fabric relations document that throughout the region Barrovian metamorphism and plutonism are broadly coeval. (2) Baric patterns in country rock indicate steep-sided crustal loads originating within the high-grade parts of the orogen. (3) Patterns of subsidence and uplift are localized and diachronous, precluding a single-event regional thickening mechanism. (4) Country-rock fabrics are dominated by steep, orogen-parallel foliations and shallow, strike-parallel lineations, features not easily reconciled with tectonic thickening mechanisms. (5) Abroad zone of schists flanking the large (25 x 100 km) Scuzzy batholith in British Columbia bears metamorphic isograds and foliations that track the border of the pluton across regional structural trends, implicating pluton emplacement as the cause of metamorphism. (6) The crustal-loading event in the vicinity of the Scuzzy pluton is bracketed by mineral and textural features as being coeval with emplacement of the pluton, which occurred over a period of ∼7 m.y. (7) The regionally developed Chiwaukum Schist in Washington has petrologic and structural features and a metamorphic age that suggest it was formed by, and represents the floor of, an eroded extension of the Scuzzy pluton. The proposed magma-loading model invokes the diapir and ballooning concepts of previous workers in which rising plutons displace country rock downward. This mechanism results in a type of convective crustal overturn, and at least partially solves the space problem related to batholithic emplacement. As a result of this process, relatively broad tracts of country rock acquire Barrovian mineralogy. Following plutonism, magmatically thickened crust is eroded and isostatically up-lifted to expose the plutonic roots and high-grade country-rock basement.
Adults Use Cross-Situational Statistics for Word Learning in a Conservative Way

This paper examined how much adults rely on cross-situational information in word learning by comparing their gaze behavior in a word learning task with models of four learning strategies. We manipulated the input type of situations (consecutive versus interleaved) and the co-occurrence frequencies between words and objects so that adult learners could infer correct word-object mappings based on cross-situational information. There are two key findings. First, an exposure-by-exposure analysis of gaze behavior during the word learning procedure revealed that most participants collected sufficient cross-situational information before they developed a preference for one particular word-object mapping, with consecutive as well as interleaved situations. Second, a classification approach in which individual gaze behavior was attributed to different word learning strategies showed that participants relied mostly on a conservative cross-situational learning (XSL) strategy, compared to Associative XSL, Propose-but-Verify, and Random strategies. Adults relied on Conservative XSL when presented with consecutive and interleaved situations, but they shifted toward Associative XSL when presented with interleaved situations.
High‐latitude magnetic reconnection in sub‐Alfvénic flow: Interball Tail observations on May 29, 1996

The Interball Tail spacecraft crossed the high-latitude magnetopause near the cusp region under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions on May 29, 1996, with magnetic local time and magnetic latitude of-7.3 hours and --65.4 o, respectively. Under these IMF conditions the Interball Tail spacecraft observed quasi-steady reconnection in pro- gress and evidence for a relatively stable reconnection site at high latitudes. Sunward plasma flow observed by Interball Tail and a determination of the tangential stress balance indicated that reconnection was occurring poleward of the Earth's magnetic cusp, above the space- craft's location. At these high latitudes the gasdynamic model of the solar wind/magneto- sphere interaction indicates that the magnetosheath flow should be super-Alfvnic, and there- fore that the reconnection site should have propagated tailward. However, the spacecraft ob- served sub-Alfvnic flow in the magnetosheath region adjacent to the magnetopause current layer near the reconnection site indicating that the reconnection site may have moved in the sunward direction. These observations suggest that the region of sub-Alfvnic flow and sta- ble, quasi-steady reconnection extend to very high latitudes under northward IMF conditions. It is shown that the thickness of the magnetopause current layer for this event (estimated as -1600 km) is consistent with that found for reconnection at the dayside magnetopause.
The flow structure of jets from transient sources and implications for modeling short‐duration explosive volcanic eruptions

We used laboratory experiments to examine the rise process in neutrally buoyant jets that resulted from an unsteady supply of momentum, a condition that defines plumes from discrete Vulcanian and Strombolian‐style eruptions. We simultaneously measured the analog‐jet discharge rate (the supply rate of momentum) and the analog‐jet internal velocity distribution (a consequence of momentum transport and dilution). Then, we examined the changes in the analog‐jet velocity distribution over time to assess the impact of the supply‐rate variations on the momentum‐driven rise dynamics. We found that the analog‐jet velocity distribution changes significantly and quickly as the supply rate varied, such that the whole‐field distribution at any instant differed considerably from the time average. We also found that entrainment varied in space and over time with instantaneous entrainment coefficient values ranging from 0 to 0.93 in an individual unsteady jet. Consequently, we conclude that supply‐rate variations exert first‐order control over jet dynamics, and therefore cannot be neglected in models without compromising their capability to predict large‐scale eruption behavior. These findings emphasize the fundamental differences between unsteady and steady jet dynamics, and show clearly that: (i) variations in source momentum flux directly control the dynamics of the resulting flow; (ii) impulsive flows driven by sources of varying flux cannot reasonably be approximated by quasi‐steady flow models. New modeling approaches capable of describing the time‐dependent properties of transient volcanic eruption plumes are needed before their trajectory, dilution, and stability can be reliably computed for hazards management.
OFFSETTING BEHAVIOR AND THE BENEFITS OF FOOD SAFETY POLICIES IN VEGETABLE PREPARATION AND CONSUMPTION A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty

Ndembe, Elvis Mokake; M.S; Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics; College of Achculture, Food Systems, and Natural Resources; North Dakota State University; November 2007. Offsetting Behavior and the Benefits of Food Safety Policies in Vegetable Preparation and Consumption. Major Professor: Dr. Dragan Miljkovic. Foodbome disease outbreaks have a tremendous impact on society, including foodbome illnesses, hospitalizations, lost work time, and deaths. These food-safety events have a significant influence in shaping consumers' perception of risk. Outbreaks of foodbome illnesses also have an effect on the development of public health policy. Due to these safety-related uncertainties in the food supply chain, various regulatory, safety, and health policies are implemented to decrease harm to potential victims. The total effect of such food-safety policies looked at in terms of reduction of foodbome illness, mortality, and food-related diseases may possibly be smaller than the forecasted effect because of failure to consider offsetting behavior. Attenuation and possibly reversal of the direct policy effect on expected injuries may arise because of offsetting behavior. This study combines both theoretical and empirical models to test the presence of dominant or partial offsetting behavior (08) in the preparation and consumption of vegetables if a food-safety policy such as the Pathogen Reduction/Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (PR/IIACCP) is mandated in the vegetable sector. Our findings indicate that food-safety information that has an effect on outrage and locus of control, both factors which have an effect on consumers' perception of risk, will lead consumers to become lax in response to this food-safety policy. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my genuine appreciation to my major adviser, Dr. Dragan Miljkovic, for his precious support and guidance. I appreciate the contribution of my committee members: Dr. William Nganje, Dr. Cheryl Wacheinheim, Dr. Saleem Shaik, and Dr. Charlene Wolf-Hall. I also extend my appreciation to the faculty, staff, and other graduate students of the Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics for their various pieces of advice and support during this period. This study is dedicated to my sister, Annette; my nieces, Willette and Elisabeth; my nephews, Simon and Willan; and, ultimately, my mother, Enjema, for their selfless support that sustained me all through this period.
Hydrogenotrophic bacteria of Arctic hydrothermal vent plumes belong to a novel cosmopolitan branch of aerobic deep-sea Sulfurimonas

Members of the genus Sulfurimonas (phylum Campylobacterota) dominate microbial communities of benthic and pelagic redox clines, playing a key role in the biogeochemistry of these environments. Investigating neutrally buoyant hydrothermal plumes of the Central Arctic Ocean, we found a novel type of Sulfurimonas that inhabits hydrogen-rich and oxygen-saturated environments close to the freezing point. Using omics’ approaches, we compared the diversity and distribution of Sulfurimonas from Gakkel Ridge hydrothermal plumes with those from different Mid Ocean Ridges and other Sulfurimonas-hosting environments. A single and new Sulfurimonas species, U Sulfurimonas pluma, was found to be globally abundant and active in cold (<0-4 °C), oxygen-saturated hydrothermal plumes. U S. pluma features substantial genome reduction and speci�c genomic traits (e.g., oxygen detoxi�cation mechanisms, acquisition of A2-type oxidase, loss of nitrate and nitrite reductases) compared to other Sulfurimonas species. These traits are indicative for adaptation to an obligate aerobic chemolithotrophic life style in hydrogen-rich plumes, U S. pluma dominates microbial communities of metal-rich neutrally-buoyant hydrothermal plumes, suggesting a so far neglected roles of Sulfurimonas in ocean biogeochemistry and food webs.
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis

research method, this study use quantitative approach with six independent variables and one dependent variable. Based on the result of research that obtained, simultaneously, the six factors influence the intention to commit academic fraud at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Satya Wacana Christian University. While partially, the factors that have a significant effect to commit academic fraud is rationalization.
Relict sand dredging for beach nourishment in the central Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy): effects on benthic assemblages

The aim of this study is to analyse the effects in space and time of relict sand-dredging activities on macrobenthic assemblages, in an area situated offshore Montalto di Castro (central Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), and to analyse the recolonisation processes of macrobenthos in the dredged areas. The area in question is characterised by relict sand deposits (Holocenic paleo-beaches), used for beach nourishment along the Latium coast. The effects of sand extraction on benthic assemblages were investigated before, during and after three dredging operations. The sites analysed are located within the dredged areas (inside stations) and in neighbouring, not dredged, areas (outside stations). The results showed that the impact of sand extraction was confined to the dredged stations and to the areas in proximity to the dredged areas. During dredging activities, the structure of benthic assemblages within the impacted stations was characterised by low species richness and diversity. Both the direct removal of sediment and the re-suspension and consequent deposition of fine sediment affected benthic assemblages of the impacted stations. A few months after the dredgings, a recolonisation process was still observed at all the impacted stations. A gradual recolonisation process was observed at those stations affected by only one dredging, whereas a different recolonisation was observed at those stations affected by two dredgings over time. This study suggests that differences of re-colonisation processes of benthic assemblages are related to the intensity of dredging operations in terms of dredging frequency.