Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered resting-state cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity mediate suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder

The relationships among cerebral blood flow (CBF), functional connectivity (FC) and suicidal ideation (SI) in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients have remained elusive. In this study, we characterized the changes in CBF and FC among 175 individuals including 47 MDD without SI (MDDNSI), 59 MDD with SI (MDDSI), and 69 healthy control (HC) who underwent arterial spin labeling and resting-state functional MRI scans. Then the voxel-wise CBF, seed-based FC and partial correlation analyses were measured. Mediation analysis was carried out to reveal the effects of FC on the association between CBF and behavioral performances in both subgroups. Results showed that CBF was higher in MDDSI patients in the bilateral precuneus compared to HC and MDDNSI participants. MDDSI patients exhibited enhanced FC in the prefrontal-limbic system and decreased FC in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) relative to MDDNSI patients. CBF and FC were significantly correlated with clinical variables. More importantly, exploratory mediation analyses identified that abnormal FC can mediate the association between regional CBF and behavioral performances. These results highlight the potential role of precuneus gyrus, prefrontal-limbic system as well as SMC in the process of suicide and provide new insights into the neural mechanism underlying suicide in MDD patients.
Functional lateralization of the medial temporal lobe in novel associative processing during creativity evaluation

Abstract Although hemispheric lateralization of creativity has been a longstanding topic of debate, the underlying neurocognitive mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we designed 2 types of novel stimuli—“novel useful and novel useless,” adapted from “familiar useful” designs taken from daily life—to demonstrate how the left and right medial temporal lobe (MTL) respond to novel designs of different usefulness. Taking the “familiar useful” design as a baseline, we found that the right MTL showed increased activation in response to “novel useful” designs, followed by “novel useless” ones, while the left MTL only showed increased activation in response to “novel useful” designs. Calculating an asymmetry index suggests that usefulness processing is predominant in the left MTL, whereas the right MTL is predominantly involved in novelty processing. Moreover, the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) showed stronger functional connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex when responding to “novel useless” designs. In contrast, the right PHG showed stronger connectivity with the amygdala, midbrain, and hippocampus. Critically, multivoxel representational similarity analyses revealed that the left MTL was more effective than the right MTL at distinguishing the usefulness differences in novel stimuli, while representational patterns in the left PHG positively predicted the post-behavior evaluation of “truly creative” products. These findings suggest an apparent dissociation of the left and right MTL in integrating the novelty and usefulness information and novel associative processing during creativity evaluation, respectively. Our results provide novel insights into a longstanding and controversial question in creativity research by demonstrating functional lateralization of the MTL in processing novel associations.
A Single-Centered Randomized Controlled Trial of Primary Pediatric Intensivists and Nurses

Background: For long-stay patients (LSP) in pediatric intensive care units (PICU), frequently rotating providers can lead to ineffective information sharing and retention, varying goals and timelines, and delayed decisions, likely contributing to prolonged admissions. Primary intensivists (one physician serves as a consistent resource for the patient/family and PICU providers) and primary nurses (a small team of PICU nurses provide consistent bedside care) seek to augment usual transitory PICU care, by enhancing continuity and, potentially, decreasing length of stay (LOS). Methods: A single-centered, partially blinded randomized controlled trial of primary intensivists and nurses versus usual care. PICU patients admitted for or expected to be admitted for >10 days and who had ≥1 complex chronic condition were eligible. A block randomization with 1:1 allocation was used. The primary outcome was PICU LOS. Multiple secondary outcomes were explored. Results: Two hundred LSPs were randomized—half to receive primaries and half to usual care. The two groups were not significantly different in their baseline and admission characteristics. LSPs randomized to receive primaries had a shorter, but non-significant, mean LOS than those randomized to usual care (32.5 vs. 37.1 days, respectively, p = .19). Compared to LSPs in the usual care group, LSPs in the primary group had fewer unplanned intubations. Among LSPs that died, DNR orders were more prevalent in the primary group. Other secondary outcome and balance metrics were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Primary intensivists and nurses may be an effective strategy to counteract transitory PICU care and serve the distinctive needs of LSPs. However, additional studies are needed to determine the ways and to what extent they may accomplish this.
TRUEE; a bioinformatic pipeline to define the functional microRNA targetome of Arabidopsis

SUMMARY Central to plant microRNA (miRNA) biology is the identification of functional miRNA‐target interactions (MTIs). However, the complementarity basis of bioinformatic target prediction results in mostly false positives, and the degree of complementarity does not equate with regulation. Here, we develop a bioinformatic workflow named TRUEE (Targets Ranked Using Experimental Evidence) that ranks MTIs on the extent to which they are subjected to miRNA‐mediated cleavage. It sorts predicted targets into high (HE) and low evidence (LE) groupings based on the frequency and strength of miRNA‐guided cleavage degradome signals across multiple degradome experiments. From this, each target is assigned a numerical value, termed a Category Score, ranking the extent to which it is subjected to miRNA‐mediated cleavage. As a proof‐of‐concept, the 428 Arabidopsis miRNAs annotated in miRBase were processed through the TRUEE pipeline to determine the miRNA ‘targetome’. The majority of high‐ranking Category Score targets corresponded to highly conserved MTIs, validating the workflow. Very few Arabidopsis‐specific, Brassicaceae‐specific, or Conserved‐passenger miRNAs had HE targets with high Category Scores. In total, only several hundred MTIs were found to have Category Scores characteristic of currently known physiologically significance MTIs. Although non‐exhaustive, clearly the number of functional MTIs is much narrower than many studies claim. Therefore, using TRUEE to numerically rank targets directly on experimental evidence has given insights into the scope of the functional miRNA targetome of Arabidopsis.
Evaluation of acquisition modes for semi‐quantitative analysis by targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry

Rationale Analyte quantitation by mass spectrometry underpins a diverse range of scientific endeavors. The fast‐growing field of mass spectrometer development has resulted in several targeted and untargeted acquisition modes suitable for these applications. By characterizing the acquisition methods available on an ion mobility (IM)‐enabled orthogonal acceleration time‐of‐flight (oa‐ToF) instrument, the optimum modes for analyte semi‐quantitation can be deduced. Methods Serial dilutions of commercial metabolite, peptide, or cross‐linked peptide analytes were prepared in matrices of human urine or Escherichia coli digest. Each analyte dilution was introduced into an IM separation‐enabled oa‐ToF mass spectrometer by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization. Data were acquired for each sample in duplicate using nine different acquisition modes, including four IM‐enabled acquisitions modes, available on the mass spectrometer. Results Five (metabolite) or seven (peptide/cross‐linked peptide) point calibration curves were prepared for analytes across each of the acquisition modes. A nonlinear response was observed at high concentrations for some modes, attributed to saturation effects. Two correction methods, one MS1 isotope‐correction and one MS2 ion intensity‐correction, were applied to address this observation, resulting in an up to twofold increase in dynamic range. By averaging the semi‐quantitative results across analyte classes, two parameters, linear dynamic range (LDR) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), were determined to evaluate each mode. Conclusion A comparison of the acquisition modes revealed that data‐independent acquisition and parallel reaction monitoring methods are most robust for semi‐quantitation when considering achievable LDR and LLOQ. IM‐enabled modes exhibited sensitivity increases, but a simultaneous reduction in dynamic range required correction methods to recover. These findings will assist users in identifying the optimum acquisition mode for their analyte quantitation needs, supporting a diverse range of applications and providing guidance for future acquisition mode developments.
The MADIT-ICD benefit score helps to select implantable cardioverter-defibrillator candidates in cardiac resynchronization therapy.

AIMS The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the MADIT-ICD benefit score can predict who benefits most from the addition of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in real-world patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and to compare this with selection according to a multidisciplinary expert centre approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive HFrEF patients who received a CRT for a guideline indication at a tertiary care hospital (Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium) between October 2008 and September 2016, were retrospectively evaluated. The MADIT-ICD benefit groups (low, intermediate, and high) were compared with the current multidisciplinary expert centre approach. Endpoints were (i) sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) and (ii) non-arrhythmic mortality. Of the 475 included patients, 165 (34.7%) were in the lowest, 220 (46.3%) in the intermediate, and 90 (19.0%) in the highest benefit group. After a median follow-up of 34 months, VT/VF occurred in 3 (1.8%) patients in the lowest, 9 (4.1%) in the intermediate, and 13 (14.4%) in the highest benefit group (P < 0.001). Vice versa, non-arrhythmic death occurred in 32 (19.4%) in the lowest, 32 (14.6%) in the intermediate, and 3 (3.3%) in the highest benefit group (P = 0.002). The predictive power for ICD benefit was comparable between expert multidisciplinary judgement and the MADIT-ICD benefit score: Uno's C-statistic 0.69 vs. 0.69 (P = 0.936) for VT/VF and 0.62 vs. 0.60 (P = 0.790) for non-arrhythmic mortality. CONCLUSION The MADIT-ICD benefit score can identify who benefits most from CRT-D and is comparable with multidisciplinary judgement in a CRT expert centre.
Understanding the complex genetic architecture connecting rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and inflammation: discovering causal pathways

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis (OP) are two comorbid complex inflammatory conditions with evidence of shared genetic background and causal relationships. We aimed to clarify the genetic architecture underlying RA and various OP phenotypes while additionally considering an inflammatory component, C-reactive protein (CRP). Genome-wide association study summary statistics were acquired from the GEnetic Factors for OSteoporosis Consortium, Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research Consortium and UK Biobank. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to detect the presence of causal relationships. Colocalization analysis was performed to determine shared genetic variants between CRP and OP phenotypes. Analysis of pleiotropy between traits owing to shared causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using PL eiotropic A nalysis under CO mposite null hypothesis (PLACO). MR analysis was suggestive of horizontal pleiotropy between RA and OP traits. RA was a significant causal risk factor for CRP (β = 0.027, 95% confidence interval = 0.016–0.038). There was no evidence of CRP→OP causal relationship, but horizontal pleiotropy was apparent. Colocalization established shared genomic regions between CRP and OP, including GCKR and SERPINA1 genes. Pleiotropy arising from shared causal SNPs revealed through the colocalization analysis was all confirmed by PLACO. These genes were found to be involved in the same molecular function ‘protein binding’ (GO:0005515) associated with RA, OP and CRP. We identified three major components explaining the epidemiological relationship among RA, OP and inflammation: (1) Pleiotropy explains a portion of the shared genetic relationship between RA and OP, albeit polygenically; (2) RA contributes to CRP elevation and (3) CRP, which is influenced by RA, demonstrated pleiotropy with OP.
Stroke and Systemic Thromboembolism according to CHA2DS2-VASc Score in Contemporary Korean Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Purpose The incidence of stroke and/or systemic thromboembolism (SSE) has not been properly evaluated in well-anticoagulated atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. This study investigated the incidence of SSE according to CHA2DS2-VASc score in contemporary well-anticoagulated Korean AF patients. Materials and Methods From the prospective multicenter COmparison study of Drugs for symptom control and complication prEvention of Atrial Fibrillation (CODE-AF) registry, we identified 9503 patients with non-valvular AF (mean age, 68±8 years; female 35.5%) enrolled between June 2016 and May 2020 with eligible follow-up visits. Stroke incidence in the CODE-AF registry was compared with that in an oral anticoagulant (OAC)-naïve AF cohort from the Korean National Health Insurance database. Results The usage rates of OACs and antiplatelet agents were 73.5% (non-vitamin K OACs, 56.4%; warfarin, 17.1%) and 23.8%, respectively. During a mean follow-up period of 26.3±9.6 months, 163 (0.78 per 100 person-years) patients had SSE. The incidence rate (per 100 person-years) of SSE was 0.77 in the total population, 0.26 in low-risk patients [CHA2DS2-VASc score 0 (male) or 1 (female)], and 0.88 in high-risk patients (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2). Contemporary AF patients had a stroke rate that was about one-fifth the stroke rate reported in a Korean OAC-naïve AF cohort. In this cohort, most risk factors for CHA2DS2-VASc score showed significant associations with SSE. Female sex was not associated with an increased risk of stroke/SSE in well-anticoagulated AF patients. Conclusion Contemporary AF patients have a stroke rate about one-fifth that in OAC-naïve AF patients and exhibit different stroke risk factors. Study Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02786095).
Prestimulus amygdala spectral activity is associated with visual face awareness

Abstract Alpha cortical oscillations have been proposed to suppress sensory processing in the visual, auditory, and tactile domains, influencing conscious stimulus perception. However, it is unknown whether oscillatory neural activity in the amygdala, a subcortical structure involved in salience detection, has a similar impact on stimulus awareness. Recording intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) from 9 human amygdalae during face detection in a continuous flash suppression task, we found increased spectral prestimulus power and phase coherence, with most consistent effects in the alpha band, when faces were undetected relative to detected, similarly as previously observed in cortex with this task using scalp-EEG. Moreover, selective decreases in the alpha and gamma bands preceded face detection, with individual prestimulus alpha power correlating negatively with detection rate in patients. These findings reveal for the first time that prestimulus subcortical oscillations localized in human amygdala may contribute to perceptual gating mechanisms governing subsequent face detection and offer promising insights on the role of this structure in visual awareness.
Complete Left Bundle‐Branch Block After Transcatheter Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Using Amplatzer Duct Occluder II

A mplatzer duct occluder II (ADO- II) is claimed to be safe and effective for transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PmVSD) with low incidence of postprocedure arrhythmias, par-ticularly complete atrioventricular block and complete left bundle- branch block (CLBBB). 1 However, a recent study has reported 2 cases of complete atrioventricular block following transcatheter closure of PmVSD using ADO- II. 2 Data on CLBBB after device closure of PmVSD with ADO- II were lacking. The incidence, risk factors, and follow- up outcomes of CLBBB after device closure of PmVSD using ADO- II might be com-pletely different from that we have previously reported for symmetrical double- disk device 3 because ADO- II is only suitable for small size of PmVSD. Therefore, the present study was performed to address these issues in children.The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. This study was approved by the University Ethics Committee on Human Subjects at Sichuan University (No.2015[010]), and the writ-ten informed consent was provided by all patients’ guardians. A total of 276 children undergoing suc-cessful transcatheter closure of PmVSD using ADO- II (Abbott Medical, MN) between January 2016 and April 2020 in our center were retrospectively reviewed. The PmVSDs were closed because of increased left ventricular size (defined as left ventricular end-
Lower urinary tract symptoms and mental health during COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of RNA viruses involved in several human diseases affecting respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurological systems. COVID-19 was identified in 2020 and was named SARS-CoV-2. To limit worldwide contagion, many countries instituted a lockdown, which conducted to disruption of routine life. In fact, pandemic was associated with several stresses among population, such as loss of employment, deaths of family members, friends, or colleagues, financial insecurity, and isolation. This led to long-lasting psychosocial effects as anxiety and depression, increasing the prevalence of stress and traumarelated disorders in the population. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between lower urinary tracts symptoms (LUTS) and stress/depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS An anonymous cross-sectional webbased survey (comprehending anthropometric data, education level, occupation status, smoking and alcohol habits, current therapies, quarantine and COVID-19 infection status) was conducted from March to May 2020 in Italy. LUTS were examined through National Institute of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and Genitourinary Pain Index (GUPI). Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was utilized to evaluate depressive and anxiety symptoms. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H Test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 356 out of 461 subjects fully completed the survey, with a response rate of 77.2%. Data showed that subjects involved in economic difficulties, quarantine measures or with increased HDRS reported a significative statistic worsened urinary symptoms (H(3) = 11.731, p = 0.008), quality of life, (H(3) = 10.301, p = 0.016), total NIH-CPSI/GUPI score (H(3) = 42.150, p = 0.000), and quality of life (H(3) = 48.638, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 pandemic provoked several alterations in everyday life. Although general lockdown, quarantine and social distancing have been necessary to prevent virus spreading, this had long term effects on all population in terms of mental and physical health. NIH-CPSI and GUPI scores increased linearly with stress and anxiety levels measured at HDRS, confirming worse LUTS in subjects who suffered anxiety and stress from COVID-19 pandemic.
Combined assessment of tumour cell nest size and desmoplastic reaction as an excellent prognostic predictor in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Tumour budding (TB) activity, cell nest size (CNS), and desmoplastic reaction (DR) have been confirmed to be significantly correlated with prognosis in oesophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) recently. However, there are limited data on the prognostic significance of combined assessment of cellular dissociation and tumour stroma in ESCC.
Seasonal variation and intra urban heterogeneity of the entomological risk of transmission of dengue and yellow fever in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Dengue and yellow fever are prevalent in Côte d'Ivoire and Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus), (Diptera: Culicidae), is known as the main vector. We aimed to assess seasonal variation and spatial heterogeneity in the transmission of both arbovirus diseases in Abidjan. Entomological surveys targeting larvae of A. aegypti, were carried out between November 2015 and August 2016 covering the four climatic seasons including a cohort of 100 houses randomly selected in three neighbourhoods. A. aegypti was the predominant species (96.6%) of mosquitoes resulting from the rearing of harvested larvae, and the only vector of dengue and yellow fever recorded during the study period. The highest proportion of water storage containers (45.5%) which represented the major breeding sites infested by the larvae of A. aegypti, was observed in Anoumabo. The house indices >5% and/or Breteau indices >20 recorded in each neighbourhood, during the different climatic seasons, indicated that there was, a high and permanent, heterogeneity in the transmission risk of dengue and yellow fever between the three neighbourhoods. In terms of transmission risk, Anoumabo was the neighbourhood with the highest risk compared to the two others, then, particular attention should be paid to this site in terms of surveillance by vector control programme in Abidjan.
Horizontal transmission enables flexible associations with locally adapted symbiont strains in deep-sea hydrothermal vent symbioses

Significance In marine ecosystems, transmission of microbial symbionts between host generations occurs predominantly through the environment. Yet, it remains largely unknown how host genetics, symbiont competition, environmental conditions, and geography shape the composition of symbionts acquired by individual hosts. To address this question, we applied population genomic approaches to four species of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails that live in association with chemosynthetic bacteria. Our analyses show that environment is more important to strain-level symbiont composition than host genetics and that symbiont strains show genetic variation indicative of adaptation to the distinct geochemical conditions at each vent site. This corroborates a long-standing hypothesis that hydrothermal vent invertebrates affiliate with locally adapted symbiont strains to cope with the variable conditions characterizing their habitats.
Dissecting the difference in tree species richness between Africa and South America

Significance Our full-scale comparison of Africa and South America’s lowland tropical tree floras shows that both Africa and South America’s moist and dry tree floras are organized similarly: plant families that are rich in tree species on one continent are also rich in tree species on the other continent, and these patterns hold across moist and dry environments. Moreover, we confirm that there is an important difference in tree species richness between the two continents, which is linked to a few families that are exceptionally diverse in South American moist forests, although dry formations also contribute to this difference. Plant families only present on one of the two continents do not contribute substantially to differences in tree species richness.