Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response Characteristics of Nitrifying Bacteria and Archaea Community Involved in Nitrogen Removal and Bioelectricity Generation in Integrated Tidal Flow Constructed Wetland-Microbial Fuel Cell

This study explores nitrogen removal performance, bioelectricity generation, and the response of microbial community in two novel tidal flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (TFCW-MFCs) when treating synthetic wastewater under two different chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (COD/TN, or simplified as C/N) ratios (10:1 and 5:1). The results showed that they achieved high and stable COD, NH4+-N, and TN removal efficiencies. Besides, TN removal rate of TFCW-MFC was increased by 5–10% compared with that of traditional CW-MFC. Molecular biological analysis revealed that during the stabilization period, a low C/N ratio remarkably promoted diversities of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the cathode layer, whereas a high one enhanced the richness of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in each medium; the dominant genera in AOA, AOB, and NOB were Candidatus Nitrosotenuis, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrobacter. Moreover, a high C/N ratio facilitated the growth of Nitrosomonas, while it inhibited the growth of Candidatus Nitrosotenuis. The distribution of microbial community structures in NOB was separated by space rather than time or C/N ratio, except for Nitrobacter. This is caused by the differences of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and nitrogen concentration. The response of microbial community characteristics to nitrogen transformations and bioelectricity generation demonstrated that TN concentration is significantly negatively correlated with AOA-shannon, AOA-chao, 16S rRNA V4−V5-shannon, and 16S rRNA V4−V5-chao, particularly due to the crucial functions of Nitrosopumilus, Planctomyces, and Aquicella. Additionally, voltage output was primarily influenced by microorganisms in the genera of Nitrosopumilus, Nitrosospira, Altererythrobacter, Gemmata, and Aquicella. This study not only presents an applicable tool to treat high nitrogen-containing wastewater, but also provides a theoretical basis for the use of TFCW-MFC and the regulation of microbial community in nitrogen removal and electricity production.
Detection of respiratory syncytial virus or rhinovirus weeks after hospitalization for bronchiolitis and the risk of recurrent wheezing.

BACKGROUND In severe bronchiolitis, it is unclear if delayed clearance or sequential infection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus (RV) is associated with recurrent wheezing. METHODS In a 17-center severe bronchiolitis cohort, we tested nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) upon hospitalization and parents collected nasal swabs ~3 weeks later (clearance swab) for respiratory viruses using PCR. The same RSV subtype or RV genotype in both the NPA and clearance swab defined delayed clearance (DC), while a new RSV subtype or RV genotype at clearance defined sequential infection (SI). Recurrent wheezing by age 3 years was defined per national asthma guidelines. RESULTS Among 673 infants with clearance swabs, RSV DC and RV DC were not associated with recurrent wheezing, and RSV SI was rare. The 128 infants with RV SI (19%) had non-significantly higher risk of recurrent wheezing (hazard ratio [HR] 1.31, 95%CI 0.95-1.80, P=0.10) versus infants without RV SI. Among infants with RV at hospitalization, those with RV SI had a higher risk of recurrent wheezing compared to children without RV SI (HR 2.49, 95%CI 1.22-5.06, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Among infants with severe bronchiolitis, those with RV at hospitalization followed by a new RV infection had the highest risk of recurrent wheezing.
Breeding biology and biometrics of Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo connectens in south-west Brazilian Amazonia

Summary. We present new data on the breeding biology and biometrics of Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo in south-west Brazilian Amazonia. R. carbo is widely distributed in South America, but its reproductive ecology is little studied. We made observations on the species in a terra firme forest fragment in the capital city of the state of Acre, between 1999 and 2020. We monitored 12 nests between 2012 and 2020, built at a mean height of 1.3 m above ground. Clutch size was two eggs, incubated for 13 days. We monitored the development of 11 nestlings: minimum hatch weight was 1 g and young fledged with a mean mass of c.18. 9 g. The constant growth rate (K) of nestlings was 0.48 with a growth asymptote of 22.1 g. Daily survival rate was 91% and 98% during the incubation and nestling periods, respectively. Mayfield success in the incubation and nestling periods was 28% and 74%, respectively. Apparent nesting success in the incubation and nestling periods was 62% and 82%, respectively. We recorded a minimum longevity of 11 years, six months and 28 days. The subspecies R. c. connectens breeds mainly in the rainy season (October–January) overlapping with the moult period.
The Molecular Genetic Interaction Between Circadian Rhythms and Susceptibility to Seizures and Epilepsy

Seizure patterns observed in patients with epilepsy suggest that circadian rhythms and sleep/wake mechanisms play some role in the disease. This review addresses key topics in the relationship between circadian rhythms and seizures in epilepsy. We present basic information on circadian biology, but focus on research studying the influence of both the time of day and the sleep/wake cycle as independent but related factors on the expression of seizures in epilepsy. We review studies investigating how seizures and epilepsy disrupt expression of core clock genes, and how disruption of clock mechanisms impacts seizures and the development of epilepsy. We focus on the overlap between mechanisms of circadian-associated changes in SCN neuronal excitability and mechanisms of epileptogenesis as a means of identifying key pathways and molecules that could represent new targets or strategies for epilepsy therapy. Finally, we review the concept of chronotherapy and provide a perspective regarding its application to patients with epilepsy based on their individual characteristics (i.e., being a “morning person” or a “night owl”). We conclude that better understanding of the relationship between circadian rhythms, neuronal excitability, and seizures will allow both the identification of new therapeutic targets for treating epilepsy as well as more effective treatment regimens using currently available pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies.
ECONOMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL IMPACT OF GINGER (Z. OFFICINALE) EXTRACT ON BROILER CHICKS

This research study was planned to explore the economic and immunological impact of ginger (Z. officinale) in commercial broiler chicks. One hundred and sixty (160) day old broiler chicks purchased form local hatchery were divided into four groups A,B,C and D; having 40 chicks in each group. Each group was further replicated four times with 10 chicks per replicate. Ginger extract @ 30, 40 and 50 ml/liter of drinking water was given to groups A, B and C respectively. Group D was kept as control. Data on body weight gain, feed intake and economics were recorded for each replicate of the respective groups. It was observed out that treatment groups gained significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight than control group. Significant (P<0.05) difference was noticed in mean feed intake in group B and C. Mean anti body titer against IBD was higher for group B and C. Whereas Mean anti body titer against ND was higher for group C. Mean feed cost per chick was not affected by any group. Gross return was significantly (P<0.05) better in all the treatment groups as compared to control group D. It was concluded that use of ginger extract had significantly improved the immunity and over all performance of commercial broiler chicks.
Treatment for Post-hemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation: A Multiple-Treatment Meta-Analysis

Objective: To perform a systematic review and multiple-treatment meta-analysis for the treatment of premature infants with post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD), to prevent death or long-term neuro-disability. Design/Method: A systematic review was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. A free-word search was performed to identify likely relevant literature intervention trials of PHVD in preterm infants. Initially, network mapping was performed followed by performing a Bayesian random-effects model using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Areas under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) were calculated as a measure of the probability that each intervention was likely to be the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. best therapy. Primary outcome measure was death or moderate or severe neurodevelopmental outcome at or beyond 12 months of corrected age. Results: Ten different trials were identified, enrolling 700 individuals (449 for the primary outcome). Seven intervention categories were identified, and of the 15 possible pair comparisons, 6 have been studied directly. In the multiple-treatment meta-analysis, no comparison reached conventional levels of statistical significance. Drainage Irrigation and Fibrinolytic Therapy (DRIFT) had the highest probability of being the best treatment for the primary outcome (82.1%), followed by CSF removal (10.8%), conservative management (6.7%), and then diuretic therapy (0.4%). Conclusions: PHVD is a significant cause of death and disability in developed countries, yet few therapeutic options have so far been trialed. While new therapies are urgently needed for these infants, at present, NMA shows that DRIFT appears to be the most likely candidate to improve outcomes after sIVH.
Managing the Conflict Between Evolution & Religion

creation versus evolution conflict smolderson. Courts and curriculum committees haveclosed the issue repeatedly at national, stateand community levels, but the embers still glow.Occasionally, the controversy re-erupts into full flame.Parents band together and file suit against theirschool board claiming that the teaching of evolutionundermines their children’s worldview. State legisla-tures argue laws designed to de-emphasize the roleof evolution in the curriculum. University scientistsgather to champion the need for an uncompromisedapproach to the teaching of evolution in secondaryschools. Often, though, the controversy remains juston the brink of flare-up, a tension that biology teach-ers feel more than any other players in the conflict.Biology teachers face the demanding challenge ofcrafting a learning environment that mediates collid-ing agendas. They want students to deepen theirunderstanding of biological evolution in order tobecome scientifically literate citizens. At the sametime, they also want to support, rather than under-mine, the values of students, parents and communitieswhose worldviews can oppose the teaching of evolu-tion. On a private, and often unspoken level, manybiology teachers themselves must face their ownunresolved conflicts between biological evolution andtheir personal worldviews. Teachers from variousreligious and philosophical backgrounds face conflictsbetween their beliefs and biological evolution thatrange from simply thought-provoking to deeply dis-turbing. Is it possible for teachers to actually resolvethese conflicting ideas?
Afatinib for the treatment of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC: A review of clinical findings

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors represent the standard of care in patients with EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The availability of several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved for use in the first-line or later settings in NSCLC warrants an in-depth understanding of the pharmacological properties of, and clinical data supporting, these agents. The second-generation, irreversible ErbB-family blocker, afatinib, has been extensively studied in the context of EGFRm+ NSCLC. Results from the LUX-Lung 3 and 6 studies showed that afatinib was more active and better tolerated than chemotherapy in patients with tumors harboring EGFR mutations. Subanalysis of these trials, along with real-world data, indicates that afatinib is active in patients with certain uncommon EGFR mutations (S768I/G719X/L861Q) as well as common mutations (Del19/L858R), and in patients with active brain metastases. In LUX-Lung 7, a head-to-head phase IIb trial, afatinib improved progression-free survival and time-to-treatment failure versus the first-generation reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, albeit with a higher incidence of serious treatment-related adverse events. Nevertheless, afatinib is generally well tolerated, and adverse events are manageable through supportive care and a well-defined tolerability-guided dose adjustment scheme. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of afatinib, discuss treatment sequencing strategies following emergence of different resistance mechanisms, and shed light on the economic impact of afatinib. We also provide a comparison of afatinib with the available EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and discuss its position within treatment strategies for patients with EGFRm+ NSCLC.
Development of an Observational Parental Scaffolding Measure for Youth with Spina Bifida.

OBJECTIVE To examine the reliability and validity of a new observational measure of parental scaffolding, as well as the impact of parental scaffolding on academic and social outcomes among youth with spina bifida (SB). METHODS As part of a larger study, 137 families of youth with SB participated in family interaction tasks and self-report questionnaires at the baseline assessment. Teachers also reported on youth's academic independence and competence, as well as social skills. Guided by previous research and theoretical formulations, a rational approach to measure development was employed whereby maternal and paternal scaffolding composites were created using the Family Interaction Macro-coding System (Holmbeck, Zebracki, Johnson, Belvedere, & Hommeyer (2007). Parent-child interaction macro-coding manual. Unpublished coding system. Chicago: Loyola University Chicago). RESULTS The scaffolding measure demonstrated acceptable interrater and scale reliabilities. Additionally, both the maternal and paternal scaffolding composites were significantly associated with scores from self-report questionnaires of parenting behaviors in the expected directions. Maternal scaffolding was positively associated with IQ, academic competence, academic independence, and social self-control in youth with SB, whereas paternal scaffolding was positively associated with social cooperation and social self-control. Differences in scaffolding emerged between mothers and fathers, as well as across demographic variables. CONCLUSION Initial findings support the use of the scaffolding measure. Future research should continue to examine the utility of this scaffolding measure in families of youth with SB.
The role of innate and acquired resistance in two natural populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) infected with the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli

Resource availability, predation, and sexual selection have all been shown to play an important role in the ecology and evolution of guppies, Poecilia reticulata, but the role of parasitism has received comparatively little attention. In the present study, we examined natural infection levels of wild-caught guppies from the Upper and Lower Aripo River in Trinidad (UA and LA, respectively) and experimentally infected a subsample of fish with an isogenic line of the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli. LA fish showed a superior resistance compared to UA guppies during the primary, but not secondary infection 53 days later. Resistance of LA individuals was consistent across experiments, suggesting immunocompetence has a heritable genetic basis. The efficiency of the immune response of UA fish was not correlated across infections. During primary infections, UA fish were highly susceptible, but their resistance was significantly improved during a secondary infection, highlighting the importance of acquired resistance. We discuss the role of innate and acquired resistance, and place our findings in the context of natural gyrodactylid infections.
Identification of Cotton Hybrids and Parents Through Chemical Tests

The investigations were carried out to study the varietal characterizetion on two interspecific and one intra specific cotton hybrids and their parents through chemical tests. The chemical tests such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide were found to be useful for its examination of the cotton genotypes, seedling response to gibberllic acid and 2, 4-D seeds soek tests were also found to be useful in identifying the cotton genotypes.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Rat Caudal Medulla Mediates Tooth Pulp Inflammatory Pain

The aims of this study were to investigate if Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) and if medullary application of a TLR4 antagonist (lipopolysaccharides from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, LPS-RS) can attenuate changes in nociceptive sensorimotor responses or TLR4 expression that might be evoked by mustard oil (MO) application to the right maxillary first molar tooth pulp. Of 41 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats used in the study, 23 received intrathecal application of the TLR4 antagonist LPS-RS (25 μg/10 μl; LPS-RS group) or isotonic saline (10 μl; vehicle control group) 10 min before pulpal application of MO (95%; 0.2 μl). Bilateral electromyographic (EMG) activities of the anterior digastric and masseter muscles were recorded continuously before and until 15 min after the MO application to the pulp. In 6 of these 23 rats and an additional 18 rats, the caudal medulla containing the ipsilateral and contralateral MDH was removed after euthanasia for subsequent Western Blot analysis of TLR4 expression in LPS-RS (n = 8) and vehicle (n = 8) groups and a naïve group (n = 8). The % change from baseline in the MO-evoked EMG activities within the anterior digastric muscles were significantly smaller in the LPS-RS group than the control group (two-way ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni, P < 0.0001). Western Blot analysis revealed similar levels of TLR4 expression in the caudal medulla of the naïve, vehicle and LPS-RS groups. These novel findings suggest that TLR4 signaling in the caudal medulla may mediate MO-induced acute dental inflammatory pain in rats.
The Trans-Atlantic movement of the spirochete Borrelia garinii: the role of ticks and their seabird hosts

The spirochete Borrelia garinii , one of three genospecies of B. burgdorferi sensu lato ( B. burdorferi s.l.) that can cause Lyme disease in humans, has recently been isolated from seabirds from a colony in Newfoundland, Canada. Previous records of B. garinii in seabirds suggest that it has been endemic in seabird colonies in the greater North Atlantic since at least the early 1990s. We determined the prevalence of B. garinii in different seabird hosts from colonies in the northwest Atlantic. We recorded B. garinii from Gannet Islands, Labrador, and Gull Island, Newfoundland, Canada, in Atlantic Puffins ( Fra-tercula arctica ), Herring Gulls ( Larus argentatus ), Common Murres ( Uria aalge ), and Razorbills ( Alca torda ). Prevalence of infections varied between years and within and among species. Ticks from Atlantic Puffins had a prevalence ranging from 10.3 to 36.4%, although the highest prevalence was noted in Herring Gulls (37.5%) in 2005. Earlier studies from the same localities failed to find evidence of B. garinii , suggesting a recent arrival of the spirochete into the northwest Atlantic. B. garinii is closely related to European strains of the spirochete, and its likely source is from areas of endemicity in the Bothnian Gulf and the northeast Atlantic seabird colonies where seabirds, songbirds, and two different tick species come in close proximity. Phylogenetic studies suggest a gradual movement of the European strains into seabird colonies in the northeast Atlantic with subsequent spread into the North and northwest Atlantic colonies. Atlantic Puffins seem to be suitable reservoirs, although other abundant species such as Common Murres and Thick-billed Murres ( Uria lomvia ) may be involved in B. garinii dynamics. Further work is urgently needed to help document the ecology and spread of this spirochete of importance to human health.
Occurrence of non-cylindrospermopsin- producing Aphanizomenon ovalisporum and Anabaena bergii in Lake Kinneret (Israel)

ANDREAS BALLOT 1*, JESSICA RAMM 2, THOMAS RUNDBERGET 1, RUTH N. KAPLAN-LEVY 3, ORA HADAS 3, ASSAF SUKENIK 3 AND CLAUDIAWIEDNER 2 1 NORWEGIAN VETERINARY INSTITUTE, PB 750 SENTRUM, 0106 OSLO, NORWAY, DEPARTMENT OF FRESHWATER CONSERVATION, BRANDENBURG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, BAD SAAROW RESEARCH STATION, SEESTRASSE 45, 15526 BAD SAAROW, GERMANY AND THE YIGAL ALLON KINNERET LIMNOLOGICAL LABORATORY, ISRAEL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND LIMNOLOGICAL RESEARCH, PO BOX 447, MIGDAL 14950, ISRAEL
Curvas de crescimento na produção animal

The properties of seven nonlinear models were discussed concerning its applications in the fitting of growth curves in animal production. The models used: Brody, Richards, Von Bertalanffy and two alternatives of Gompertz and Logistic models, were fitted by Gauss Newton method to weight-age data from eight animal species: freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergi, pepper frog, rabbit, poultry, sheep, goat, swine and cattle. Considering results of the fitted models such as convergence or not, coefficient of determination and biological interpretation of parameters, it was concluded that: a) the Logisticmethod y = A/(1 + e-kt)m estimated body weight in all species, while the Von Bertalanffy model was not adequate only for freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergi; b) both Gompertz models were adequate for freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergi, pepper frog, poultry, swine and cattle; c) for each specie, at least two nonlinear of the seven models showed adequate to estimate the body weight of the animal species studied, because the coefficients of determination were above 92.0%.
Salinity and Soil Type Effects on Emergence and Growth of Pepper Seedlings

High soil salinity often results in poor stand establishment, reduced plant growth, and reduced yield of many horticultural crops such as peppers (Capsicum annuum). We investigated the effects of soil salinity and soil type on seedling emergence and growth of four commercial peppers ('NuMex Joe E. Parker', 'NuMex Nematador', 'NuMex Primavera', and 'Jupiter') in greenhouse experiments. Seeds were sown in either a loamy sand or a silt loam soil in pots and irrigated with saline solutions at electrical conductivity of 0.9 (tap water), 3.0, or 6.0 dS·m -1 (Expt. 1) or at 0.0 [reverse osmosis (RO) water], 0.9, or 1.5 dS·m 1 (Expt. 2). No seedling emergence was observed in treatments irrigated with 3.0 or 6.0 dS.m -1 solutions. The salinity at the top soil layer increased linearly with time when subirrigated with tap and saline solutions in both soil types, whereas no substantial increase in soil salinity was found when subirrigated with RO water or overhead irrigation with tap water. Salt accumulation at the top soil layer was greater in loamy sand than in silt loam. Seedling emergence percent subirrigated with RO water ranged from 70% to 80% in loamy sand and 45% to 70% in silt loam, depending on pepper cultivars. When subirrigated with tap water and saline solutions, the emergence percent ranged from 0% to 60%, depending on pepper and soil types. In Expt. 3, seedlings were germinated in commercial potting mix and grown in 1.8-L pots containing commercial potting mix. Saline solution treatments of 1.4 (control, nutrient solution), 2.1, 2.9, 3.5, or 4.2 dS·m -1 were initiated when seedlings had 11 to 13 leaves. Five weeks after initiating saline water irrigation, the reduction in shoot dry weight was greater in 'Jupiter' and 'NuMex Primavera' as compared with 'NuMex Joe E. Parker' and 'NuMex Nematador', but the differences were small.