Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bench Press 1-Repetition Maximum Estimation Through the Individualized Load-Velocity Relationship: Comparison of Different Regression Models and Minimal Velocity Thresholds.

PURPOSE To compare the accuracy of nine 1-repetition maximum (1RM) prediction methods during the paused and touch-and-go bench press exercises performed in a Smith machine. METHOD A total of 86 men performed 2 identical sessions (incremental loading test until reaching the 1RM followed by a set to failure) in a randomized order during the paused and touch-and-go bench press exercises. Individualized load-velocity relationships were modeled by linear and polynomial regression models considering 4 loads (45%-60%-75%-90% of 1RM) (multiple-point methods) and considering only 2 loads (45%-90% of 1RM) by a linear regression (2-point method). Three minimal velocity thresholds were used: the general velocity of 0.17 m·s-1 (general velocity of the 1RM [V1RM]), the velocity obtained when lifting the 1RM load (individual V1RM), and the velocity obtained during the last repetition of a set to failure. RESULTS The 1RM prediction methods were generally valid (range: r = .96-.99, standard error of the estimate = 2.8-4.9 kg or 4.6%-8.0% of 1RM). The multiple-point linear method (2.79 [2.29] kg) was more precise than the multiple-point polynomial method (3.54 [3.31] kg; P = .013), but no significant differences were observed when compared with the 2-point method (3.09 [2.66] kg, P = .136). The velocity of the last repetition of a set to failure (3.47 [2.97] kg) was significantly less precise than the individual V1RM (2.91 [2.75] kg, P = .009) and general V1RM (3.00 [2.65] kg, P = .010). CONCLUSIONS Linear regression models and a general minimal velocity threshold of 0.17 m·s-1 should be recommended to obtain a quick and precise estimation of the 1RM during the bench press exercise performed in a Smith machine.
A Meta-analysis of Cognitive Remediation for Schizophrenia: Efficacy and the Role of Participant and Treatment Factors.

The number of randomized, controlled studies of cognitive remediation (CR) for schizophrenia, a therapeutic approach designed to improve cognitive skills and function, has grown substantially over the past 20 years. Active elements of CR treatment, however, remain unknown. The current meta-analysis investigated treatment, study, and participant factors in the size of observed treatment effects. Electronic databases were searched up to May 2020 using variants of the key words "cognitive remediation," "clinical trials," and "schizophrenia. " This search produced 73 unique, randomized, controlled trials. Data were independently extracted by 3 reviewers with excellent reliability. Random-effects models were used to assess primary cognitive and secondary symptom and functional outcomes. Moderator analyses investigated the role of a variety of treatment, study, and participant factors. The meta-analysis (4594 participants) revealed that CR produced significant small-to-moderate size improvements in all domains of cognition studied (Hedge's gs = .19-.33). and a significant small improvement in function (Hedge's g = .21). CR programs that included a discussion ("bridging") group to help apply acquired cognitive skills to everyday life produced larger effects on global cognition and verbal memory. CR programs with strategy-coaching produced larger effects on episodic memory. Sample age, gender, positive, negative, and overall symptoms, and medication dose did not serve as barriers to treatment gains. CR produces small-to-moderate improvements in cognition and function in schizophrenia. Programs of CR that utilize bridging groups and strategy-coaching are more cognitively potent. Future research should focus on ways to modify CR to bolster generalization of cognitive improvements to function.
Iron colloids dominate sedimentary supply to the ocean interior

Significance Phytoplankton assimilate carbon dioxide, produce oxygen, and nourish food webs on a scale that impacts planetary processes but are limited by iron deficiency over much of the global surface ocean. Therefore, we must understand processes that regulate the ocean’s iron inventory to accurately simulate and predict the ocean’s response to change. This study reveals that the widespread production of nanosized iron colloids from the weathering of lithogenic material drives sedimentary iron supply throughout the deep ocean. The discovery accounts for the unexplained occurrence of colloids and patterns of iron isotope variation previously observed in other parts of the deep ocean and suggests how long-standing assumptions we have used to simulate iron supply in ocean models must be revised. Dissolution of marine sediment is a key source of dissolved iron (Fe) that regulates the ocean carbon cycle. Currently, our prevailing understanding, encapsulated in ocean models, focuses on low-oxygen reductive supply mechanisms and neglects the emerging evidence from iron isotopes in seawater and sediment porewaters for additional nonreductive dissolution processes. Here, we combine measurements of Fe colloids and dissolved δ56Fe in shallow porewaters spanning the full depth of the South Atlantic Ocean to demonstrate that it is lithogenic colloid production that fuels sedimentary iron supply away from low-oxygen systems. Iron colloids are ubiquitous in these oxic ocean sediment porewaters and account for the lithogenic isotope signature of dissolved Fe (δ56Fe = +0.07 ± 0.07‰) within and between ocean basins. Isotope model experiments demonstrate that only lithogenic weathering in both oxic and nitrogenous zones, rather than precipitation or ligand complexation of reduced Fe species, can account for the production of these porewater Fe colloids. The broader covariance between colloidal Fe and organic carbon (OC) abundance suggests that sorption of OC may control the nanoscale stability of Fe minerals by inhibiting the loss of Fe(oxyhydr)oxides to more crystalline minerals in the sediment. Oxic ocean sediments can therefore generate a large exchangeable reservoir of organo-mineral Fe colloids at the sediment water interface (a “rusty source”) that dominates the benthic supply of dissolved Fe to the ocean interior, alongside reductive supply pathways from shallower continental margins.
Factors associated with sexually transmitted infection/HIV diagnosis among a predominantly university population in Brazil

In Brazil, the increasing prevalence of HIV infection in young people makes it critical to know its distribution in university communities. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the impact of STI/HIV testing campaigns on university campuses from 2013 to 2017. The participants took part in rapid testing for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and counseling sessions. A total of 2691 people participated in the campaigns. Of these, 79.4% were single, and 50.3% were women. The median age was 24 years old, and 77.9% of participants had ≥12 years of formal education. Most reported having unprotected sex in the last year (87.4%). The positivity rates for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus were 0.56%, 1.20%, 0.19%, and 0.11%, respectively. The characteristics associated with HIV infection were being men who have sex with men (MSM) (aOR = 12.06; 95% CI = 3.83–37.99) and having <12 years of schooling (aOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.03–10.38). Factors associated with syphilis seropositivity were older age (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03–1.09), multiple partners (aOR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.08–5.50), and being MSM (aOR = 5.40; 95% CI = 2.49–11.72). Positivity for hepatitis B tended to decrease with the years of testing (p = 0.023) and for hepatitis C to increase with age (p = 0.035). Our study observed a high vulnerability to HIV and syphilis infection in a university community, which needs an early prevention strategy, including regular testing, continuing sexual education, easy access to condoms, and pre- and postexposure HIV prophylaxis.
Structure and Physical Properties of Silver Borate Bioactive Glasses.

The in vitro behavior and characterization of a bioactive borate glasses containing Ag2O were prepared and investigated by full replacement of silica with borate in patented Hench’s bioglass. In order to estimate and explore the biodegradability and bioactivity, the samples were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 oC for fixed periods of time up to 21 days. The solubility testing for glassy samples was performed and the change in pH of the leaching solution were measured and evaluated then compared with a semiempirical equation proposed to calculate the normalized dissolution rates. Calcium and silvers ions released from the glass were explored by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). All results support the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) layer after immersion in SBF which support the assumption that the released silver ions are inhibited after formation of HA layer. The overall combined spectral and solubility data evaluation gives evidences that the suitability and eligibility of the prepared glass make them a good candidate in the field of bone bonding and antimicrobial applications.
Selection of CO2 sorbent used in bio‐oil steam reforming process for hydrogen production

Through thermodynamic analysis, the CO2 sorbent(s) used in the steam reforming process of ethanol as the model compounds of bio‐oil was selected from nine common metal oxides. Among them, calcium oxide shows the best CO2 adsorption capacity in the condition of the co‐existence of CO2 and H2O in the temperature zone (600–1100 K) where ethanol steam reforming can obtain a higher hydrogen yield, and its carbonate (CaCO3) can easily decompose at slightly higher temperature. Compared to the ethanol steam reforming process with the addition of no any sorbent, the hydrogen yield and purity in the process with CaO as a sorbent were obviously improved, and the temperature range of more than 90% hydrogen yield is widened from 860–1010 K to 705–1085 K. Before the sorbent addition, the maximum hydrogen concentration appear at over 750 K, yet just around 74%, but the hydrogen concentration can overtake 90% in the range of 590–935 K after the addition of CaO. With thermogravimetric analysis, CaO from calcinated calcium acetate shows the highest CO2 adsorption capacity and the best cycle stability, as compared to the other two kinds of CaO, with analytical pure and from calcinated calcium hydroxide. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1208–1214, 2015
Hybrid bacteria mediated cemented sand: Microcharacterization, permeability, strength, shear wave velocity, stress-strain, and durability

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), a sustainable approach for sand biocementation, was investigated in previous studies based on metabolic activity of individual microorganisms. The individual bacteria, specifically Sporosarcina pasteurii (SP), Bacillus subtilis (BS), and Lysinibacillus sphaericus (LS), were found capable enough for sand biocementation. However, present study investigates synergistic effects of using bacterial-hybrids on cementation and consequent improvement in sand properties. The SP, BS, and LS strains were used in different combinations to create bacterial-hybrids and applied under simulated non-sterile field conditions. Initially, sand biotreatment was carried out in plastic tubes up to 14 days, using bacterial mixtures and 0.5 M cementation solution. Biocemented specimens were tested for calcite precipitation, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The SP and LS combination (SPLS hybrid) showed maximum calcite precipitation, which is further used for biotreatment to create cylindrical sand samples for testing improved engineering properties. These samples were prepared using 0.5 M cementation solution in three pore volumes (1, 0.75, and 0.5 PV) and treatment cycles (12, 24, and 48 hrs TC) up to 18 days. Biocemented samples were tested for permeability (6th, 12th, and 18th days of biotreatment), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), split tensile strength (STS), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and consolidated undrained stress-strain response. Durability of biocementation was also investigated by determining reduction in strength and UPV subjected to freeze-thaw (FT) cycles (5, 10, 15, and 20). The results showed maximum UCS of 1902 kPa, STS of 356 kPa, UPV of 2408 m/s, and coefficient of permeability reduction up to 91%. The higher results were achieved with 11.11% calcite content in 1PV-12TC treated samples. The 1PV-12TC treated samples resulted in 4.2%, 8.3%, 17%, and 35% reduction of strength after 5, 10, 15, and 20 FT cycles, respectively. Overall, biocementation using hybrid bacteria is shown significant to improve sand's engineering properties, including potential to mitigate liquefaction.
Monozygotic twins discordant for severe clinical recurrence of COVID-19 show drastically distinct T cell responses to SARS-Cov-2

Background. Clinical recurrence of COVID-19 in convalescent patients has been reported, which immune mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. Presence of neutralizing antibodies suggests other types of immune response are involved. Methods. We assessed the innate type I/III IFN response, T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 with IFN{gamma} ELISPOT, binding and neutralizing antibody assays, in two monozygotic twin pairs with one COVID-19 recurrence case. Results. In pair 1, four months after a first mild episode of infection for both siblings, one displayed severe clinical recurrence of COVID-19. Twin pair 2 of siblings underwent non-recurring asymptomatic infection. All fours individuals presented similar overall responses, except for remarkably difference found in specific cellular responses. Recurring sibling presented a reduced number of recognized T cell epitopes as compared to the other three including her non-recurring sibling. Conclusions. Our results suggest that an effective SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immune response is key for complete viral control and avoidance of clinical recurrence of COVID-19. Besides, adaptive immunity can be distinct in MZ twins. Given the rising concern about SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccination or infection, our study stresses the importance of T cell responses in protection against recurrence/reinfection.
Preparation of collagen scaffolds with controlled pore structures and improved mechanical property for cartilage tissue engineering

Appropriate pore structures and mechanical properties are required for scaffolds that are used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, pre-prepared ice particulates were used as a porogen material to prepare collagen porous scaffolds with well-controlled pore structures and improved mechanical properties. Porogen ice particulates initiated the formation of interconnected large spherical pores surrounded by small pores. The large spherical pores were well compacted and increased the elastic modulus of the scaffolds. The unique pore structures facilitated cell penetration, resulting in a homogeneous cell distribution throughout the scaffolds. The excellent mechanical properties protected the scaffolds from deformation during cell culturing and implantation. The collagen porous scaffolds facilitated cartilage regeneration when bovine articular chondrocytes were cultured in these scaffolds. The use of pre-prepared ice particulates as a porogen material proved to be a useful method to control the pore structure and improve the mechanical properties of collagen-based porous scaffolds.
Effect of short HV pulses on bacteria and fungi

The survival of three kinds of microorganisms under strong-pulse electric field conditions was investigated with a possible application of the electric pulse method for sterilization of consumable liquids. The results of the investigations of survival ratio of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) bacteria and yeastlike fungi (Candida albicans) are presented. The HV pulses with peak voltage U=0 to 100 kV and rise time t/sub n/= 0.5 to 1.2 /spl mu/s were applied. The microorganisms were suspended in an NaCl solution with /spl gamma/=6 to 13 mS/cm conductivity and pH=7.2. The experimental setup and the dependency of the microorganism survival ratio on the rise time, peak voltage and on the number of pulses applied, are presented. It has been found that the lethal effect on microorganisms caused by HV pulses depends on the pulse parameters as well as on the kind of microorganism being treated. >
Physical and Cooking Quality of Spaghetti Made from Whole Wheat Durum

ABSTRACT The effects of cultivar on dough properties of ground whole wheat durum, and the effects of cultivar and drying temperature on the physical and cooking quality of spaghetti made from semolina and whole wheat were evaluated. Rankings of cultivars based on dough properties were similar for whole wheat and semolina. Dough made from whole wheat was weak and had poor stability. Whole wheat spaghetti had a rough reddish brown surface compared with the very smooth, translucent yellow color of spaghetti made from semolina. The reddish brown color of whole wheat spaghetti was enhanced by high-temperature drying (70°C). Mechanical strength and cooking quality of spaghetti made from ground whole wheat or semolina varied with cultivar and with drying temperature. Compared with spaghetti made from semolina, whole wheat spaghetti had lower mechanical strength and cooked firmness and had greater cooking loss. Mechanical strength of whole wheat spaghetti was lower when dried at high temperature (70°C) than at lo.
Evaluation of Ozone Disinfection Systems: Characteristic Time T

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently promulgated drinking‐water regulations, known as the surface water treatment rule (SWTR), to control viruses, Giardia cysts, Legionella, and heterotrophic bacteria. The SWTR specifies overall minimum removal/inactivation efficiencies by filtration and disinfection for Giardia lamblia and viruses and uses the CT concept to predict in‐activation efficiencies. CT stands for the product of characteristic exposure time (T) and the characteristic concentration (C) in the disinfection chamber. This paper evaluates possible methods to determine the characteristic exposure time for ozone disinfection. The extent to which different measures of T (such as the hydraulic retention time, T10 and T50) actually ensure compliance with the required level of inactivation is evaluated by using segregated flow analysis and classical residence time distribution models. The analysis indicates that T10, the minimum exposure time of 90% of the water in the disinfection unit, i.
Vertical distribution of soluble organic nitrogen, nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, and amidohydrolase activities in a manure‐treated soil

Recent studies indicate that soil soluble organic nitrogen (SON) plays an important regulatory role in the soil–plant N cycle. The aims of this study were to identify the vertical distribution of SON and its correlation with N mineralization, nitrification, and amidohydrolase activities, in a soil repeatedly amended with cow manure or chemical fertilizer. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm depths of a calcareous soil, which has been annually amended for 5 y with cow manure (CM) at two rates of 50 (CM50) and 100 (CM100) Mg CM ha–1 y–1. Treatments with chemical fertilizer (CF) and a control (CT) were also included. Soluble organic N, N mineralization, nitrification rates, as well as L-glutaminase and L-asparaginase activities were determined. Both CM50 and CM100 enhanced SON content throughout the soil profile. Nitrogen-mineralization rate (Nm) was increased at the 0–20 cm depth of the CM100 treatment and remained unaffected at the deeper depths. Nitrification rate (Nn) was significantly higher at the 0–60 cm depth of CM100 compared to CF and CT. L-glutaminase and L-asparaginase activities were significantly increased at the 0–40 cm depth in both CM50 and CM100 compared to CF and CT. The amidohydrolase activities could not be detected below 40 cm, regardless of the fertilizer treatments. Our results suggest that SON makes a minor contribution to N mineralization in deep soil layers. It was also concluded that changes in the SON throughout the soil profile were not associated with changes in the N-transformation rates (Nm and Nn) and amidohydrolase activities. While we conclude that SON is a major N pool in the whole profile of the manure applied soil further investigation is required to characterize SON and to investigate the bioavailability of SON for microbial activity in different soil depths.
(1 − x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Ferroelectric Thin Films Prepared from Chemical Solutions

Using chemical solution approach on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates (1 − x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT–BCT) ferroelectric thin films were prepared for the first time. Dense and crack-free films with perovskite structure were obtained from appropriately produced precursor solution through a multiple spin-coating process in which the individual layers were pyrolyzed at different temperatures. The effects of composition and annealing temperature on the resulting structure and properties were examined. The optimized BZT–BCT thin film exhibited a high dielectric constant of 2913 with a low dielectric loss of 0.06, and a high remnant polarization of 15.8 μC/cm2 with a large coercive field of 58 kV/cm, and an effective piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 71.7 pm/V under the substrate clamping. These properties are discussed in comparison with the bulk ceramic counterpart, and the results showed that the polarization rotation and strain were restricted to a large extent in the thin films.
Characterization and Assignment of Far Infrared Absorption Bands of K+ in Muscovite

To assign far infrared (FIR) absorption bands of K+ in muscovite, dichroic experiments were performed. For a muscovite crystal rotated about a crystallographic axis, c*, a, or b, two bands corresponding to vibration modes of K+ appear, respectively, at 107 and 110 cm−1 (rotation about c*), 107 and 143 cm−1 (rotation about a), and 110 and 143 cm−1 (rotation about b). Two in-plane modes at 107 and 110 cm−1 and one out-of-plane mode at 143 cm−1 are identified for the vibrations of K+ in muscovite. Each of these transition moments are near the crystallographic axes b, a, and c, respectively. These observations match well predictions based on the approximate C3i symmetric environment of K+, although the site symmetry in the space group of muscovite is only C2.
X‐RAY MICROANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ILLUMINATION ON THE IONIC COMPOSITION OF THE OCTOPUS PHOTORECEPTOR

Abstract— The concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and CI− ions in the cytoplasm of octopus photoreceptor cells were determined before and after illumination by electron probe X‐ray microanalysis. The concentrations of these elements in the dark‐adapted photoreceptor cells were: Na+, 68.4; K+, 111.4; Ca2+, 4.0; Mg2+, 16.4; and CI−, 102.9 mM/kg of cytoplasm. Illumination raised the concentration of Na+ by 58 mM and that of Cl− by 23 mM and reduced the K+ concentration by 47 mM/kg of cytoplasm. A trace increase of intracellular Ca2+ and a trace decrease of Mg2+ were observed. These results confirm the hypothesis that sodium ions flow in on illumination, and suggest the influx of chloride ions and the outflux of potassium ions during illumination. The intracellular concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl+ can give the basis for calculating the ion permeability of ion channels in octopus photoreceptor cell membranes, using values of the membrane potentials obtained by electrophysiological studies