Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OF GIBBERELLIN SIGNALING

This review covers recent advances in gibberellins (GA) signaling. Hormones gibberellins (GAs) are a class of diterpenoid acids that control many aspects of plants’ life, including both developmental processes and stress responses. Nowadays, we have a good understanding of how GA levels are regulated and how this information is translated into physiological responses, mainly through genetic and biochemical approaches carried out during the last two decades in rice and Arabidopsis. Here, we review the current knowledge of the GA signaling, pathway from GA metabolism to the downstream responses and pay special attention to the regulatory molecular mechanisms. GA biosynthesis starts in plastids, whereas it’s last steps, and also the GA inactivation, takes place in the cytosol. Importantly, the expression of gene coding enzymes that catalyze limiting steps, for example, the soluble GA 20-oxidases, is usually regulated by environmental cues, making the GA level very sensitive to changes in the environment. The binding of the hormone to the GID1 receptor provokes the degradation of the master negative regulators in the pathway, the transcriptional regulators DELLA proteins, and GA-promoted responses proceed. The biochemical basis of the GID1-GA-DELLA regulatory module is well established, but how DELLA proteins regulate downstream events is a matter of current intensive research. In this regard, the regulation of transcription factors’ activity through direct physical interaction seems to be an extended yet not unique mechanism of DELLA action. Finally, how all this wealth of information is being used with biotechnological purposes is revised.
INTERACTION EFFECT OF DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN AND ORGANIC ACIDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND IMMUNE ORGANS OF BROILER CHICKS

An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of feeding two crude protein levels (PL): Required protein level (RPL), 2% lower (LPL) and two organic acids (OA; citric, CA and fumaric, FUA) each at 0, 1.5 and 3% of the diet on the productive performance of broiler chicks (0-6 wks of age). Two hundred eighty-eight one-day old unsexed chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into 12 treatments of 3 replicates (8 chicks each). Three types of corn-soybean meal diets were fed. Starter diet (0-3 wks of age; contained 23 and 21% crude protein, CP), grower diet (4-5 wks of age; contained 20 and 18% CP) and finisher diet (the 6th wk of age; contained 18 and 16% CP). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric (3200 Kcal/Kg diet). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were significantly increased for most periods with RPL diets. Feed and caloric conversion ratios (FCR and CCR) were significantly improved with RPL (starter) or LPL diets (finisher). Crude protein conversion ratio (CPCR) was improved (P<0.05) with LPL diets during all periods. Dressing, meat %, and meat to bone or fat ratios were increased (P≤0.05) and abdominal fat % was decreased with RPL diets while LPL diets increased bursa and proventriculus %. Bursa % was significantly increased due to CA addition. The highest ADFI and the worst (P<0.05) FCR, CPCR and CCR were recorded with 0% OA diets compared with 1.5% or 3% diets. The highest significant dressing % and meat: fat ratio and the lowest (P<0.05) abdominal fat % were obtained with 1.5% OA diets. Diets supplemented with 3% OA significantly improved thymus %. Significant differences in growth performance and carcass criteria due to the combined effects of PL, OAT and OAL were obtained. Diet of RPL+ 1.5% CA increased (P<0.05) ADG (starter and finisher), percentages of giblets, liver, dressing, meat: fat ratio and decreased abdominal fat. However, RPL+1.5% FUA diets significantly improved ADG (grower and total periods), FCR, CPC and CCR. The highest values of thymus and bursa were reported with RPL+ 3% CA diet. No mortality was recorded with RPL or LPL+1.5 CA or FUA diets.
JOINT FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE WISC-III AND K-ABC FOR JAPANESE MALTREATED CHILDREN: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

Joint factors in intelligence measure batteries, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)-Revised and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), have been analyzed in previous research. In order to elaborate and expand the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory, it is important to confirm the factor structures of intelligence using diverse racial and clinical populations. The present study examined the factor structures of the WISC-III and K-ABC in 105 maltreated Japanese children (41 girls and 64 boys, aged 6 to 12 years). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the theorydriven, seven-factor model for all 23 subtests. The seven factors and almost all paths could be interpreted theoretically as Gf, Gc, Gv, Gsm, Gs, Gq, and Grw. Results indicated that CHC theory could be applied to describe the structure of intelligence in maltreated Japanese children. The current findings contribute to the literature on CHC theory, by elaborating and expanding the theory to include more diverse populations.
Students’ Engagement in School: International Perspectives of Psychology and Education

Framework: Students’ Engagement in School (SES) is regarded in the literature as a valuable cutting-edge construct, although few empirical studies address its relationship with personal variables, such as achievement goals, attending, for instance, to the students’ grade levels. Purpose: The present research sought to Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas Internacionais da Psicologia e Educação / Students’ Engagement in School: International Perspectives of Psychology and Education. Lisboa: Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, 2014 ISBN: 978-989-98314-8-3
FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF CAD/CAM FABRICATED IMPLANT - SUPPORTED ALL - CERAMIC CROWNS CEMENTED ON READY AND CUSTOM MADE ZIRCONIA ABUTMENTS

Statement of the problem: Despite their outstanding esthetic characteristics, the adequacy of implant-supported all-ceramic crowns under occlusal loads in the posterior segment of the jaw remains questionable. Aim of the study: Evaluation of the fracture resistance of different CAD/CAM fabricated implant-supported all-ceramic monolithic posterior crowns cemented on ready and custom made zirconia abutments. Materials and methods: 30 internal connection titanium dummy implants were embedded in epoxy resin and randomly divided into three groups (n=10 each) according to the crown material used; Group I: Polycrystalline ceramic (Katana Zirconia), Group II: Hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic) and Group III: Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max CAD). All crowns were CAD/CAM fabricated as monolithic maxillary right first premolar.In each group, five crowns were cemented on ready made zirconia abutments (subgroup A) while the other five were cemented on custom made zirconia abutments (subgroup B). All samples were thermocycled (5o to 55o,10 seconds dwell time) then compressively loaded under axial static load till fracture using a universal testing machine with a loadcell of 5 kN at a cross-head speed of 1mm/min. The load required to fracture was recorded in Newton and failure modes were visually analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed by Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. ( P ≤ 0.05) Results: Fracture resistance of implant-supported all-ceramic monolithic posterior crowns was statistically significantly affected by the ceramic crown material and abutment type (P<0.001). Either with ready or custom-made zirconia abutments; zirconia crowns recorded the statistically significantly highest fracture resistance mean value followed by IPS e.max CAD ones while Vita Enamic crowns recorded the lowest values with no statistically significant difference between them and IPS e.max CAD crowns. Zirconia and Vita Enamic crowns cemented on custom made abutments recorded statistically significantly higher mean fracture resistance values than those cemented on ready made one. However, IPS e.max Cad crowns cemented on both abutment types showed statistically insignificant difference. Different failure modes were observed among the tested ceramic crowns without fracture of any abutment. (986) Hanaa I. Sallam E.D. J. Vol. 63, No. 1
Parent-child differences in psychological distress following childhood cancer treatment

While the prognosis for pediatric cancer is improving, survivorship is accompanied by a number of potential long-term consequences. While not all childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and their parents experience psychological distress during survivorship, research does indicate that at least some do experience significant problems that warrant intervention. The current study was a retrospective analysis of an existing cross-sectional dataset that examined associations between psychological distress and other late effects in CCS and their parents. Neurocognitive late effects (NCLE) and parent/child distress were found to predict both parent and child psychological distress. Time since diagnosis was found to be related to parental distress, and behavior problems were associated with child distress. The present study contributes to the current understanding of how families of CCS function during survivorship and indicate that interventions aimed at addressing child NCLE and psychological adjustment in children and parents will likely improve overall family functioning.
JOST 593 Minimizing Visitor Impacts to Protected Areas: The Efficacy of Low Impact Education Programs

Protected area managers, tourism providers, and other organizations commonly employ education programs to address visitation-related impairment of natural and cultural resources, social conditions, and neighboring communities. These programs have different names (Leave No Trace, Codes of Conduct, Environmental Guidelines for Tourists) but share common objectives: to sustain opportunities for high quality visitor experiences while avoiding or minimizing associated negative impacts to protected area resources, visitor experiences, and park neighbors. Theoretical and empirical research studies in the United States are reviewed to evaluate the efficacy of educational efforts that seek to encourage adoption of low impact behaviors. Findings reveal that most of the visitor education efforts evaluated did effectively alter visitor knowledge, behavior and/or resource and social conditions in the intended direction. These findings, including discussions of message content, delivery, audience characteristics and theoretical grounding, provide insights for improving the efficacy of future educational efforts. Minimizing Visitor Impacts: Education Efficacy ______________________________________________________________________________
The Impact of Research and Development and Professional New Hiring on Organizational Innovation

Organizational innovation is highly dependent on the inflow of relevant information and proper integration of this information in the operational processes for a process, product and service innovation. Employee engagement and social connectedness of employees have been cited as key methodologies of integrating new information from research and development and professional new hiring. The study investigated the impact of research and development and professional new hiring on organizational innovation jointly mediated by employee engagement and social connectedness. A structural equation model was adopted for the study. The estimator adopted in testing the hypothetical model and the hypothesis was a maximum likelihood. A comparative analysis of the single mediating and the joint mediating of employee engagement and social connectedness was conducted. The results indicated that professional new hiring and research and development activities have a statistically significant indirect effect on organizational innovation through a joint mediation of social connectedness and employee engagement. The threshold for the model fitness was satisfied. The study, based on the findings on both the decomposed and final model, concludes that employee engagement and social connectedness jointly influence the relationship between the research and development and professional new hiring on organizational innovation better than the single mediation.
Diagnostic Value of Serum Procalcitonin Level in HCV Cirrhotic Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Background: Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) due to end-stage liver disease is vital to shorten hospital stays and reduce mortality. Many studies have explored the potential usefulness of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in predicting SBP. Objective: to evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy of PCT levels for identifying SBP due to end-stage liver disease. Patients and Methods: A prospective case control study was conducted on 60 post-HCV cirrhotic patients and 20 normal individuals (54 M and 26 F), at internal medicine department, Zagazig General Hospital. Full history, routine, physical examination and special investigations were taking. Results: The summary estimates for serum PCT in the diagnosis of SBP attributable to end stage liver disease were: sensitivity 95% and specificity 95%. Serum PCT is a relatively sensitive and specific test for the identification of SBP. However, due to the limited high-quality studies available, medical decisions should be carefully made in the context of both PCT test results and other clinical findings including diagnostic paracentesis. Conclusion: For our study we can concluded that: Serum Procalcitonin level can be used as a diagnostic test for rapid and accurate diagnosis of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in HCV cirrhotic patients with sensitivity and specificity about 95%.
Retrospective Analysis of Maxillofacial Trauma in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

Objective: This study was aimed to analyze retrospectively the demographic data, incidence, etiology and different treatment modalities of maxillofacial fractures in patients managed at Al-Noor Hospital-Trauma Center, Makkah City, Saudi Arabia during a 2-year period. Patients and Methods: A total of 223 patients with maxillofacial trauma referred to and diagnosed at the Maxillofacial Department, Al-Noor hospital, Makkah City between December 2010 and November 2012 were assessed in this retrospective study according to their age, sex, etiology, medical/dental history, chief complaint, site and distribution of facial fractures, in addition to the definitive diagnosis and treatment of the case. Data of each patient were collected on a sheet and then transferred to an SPSS (ver. 16.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) spreadsheet for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used to test the association between two categorical variables or factors Results: In these 2-years retrospective study, the reported cases of the maxillofacial trauma were most frequent in males (84.8%) than females (15.2%), and the affected decay was 21-30 (37.2%). Motor Vehicle crashes were the most common etiology among all assessed cases, except in those with age < 10 years whereby fall was the most frequent cause. The majority of cases were mandible fractures (46.6%), particularly ramus followed by the angle and the body of the mandible. Extremities trauma (16.6%) and other associated traumas were also reported. Among the 223 referred patients, survival rate was 97.8%, and the most applied treatment was open reduction and internal fixation (59.3%) followed by closed reduction and internal fixation (22.0%). Conclusion: These findings support the view that the incidence of maxillofacial fractures secondary to motor accidents is common in Saudi Arabia, particularly among males, perhaps as a result of the conservative nature of Saudi society, as the rules of Saudi Arabia do not allow the females to drive during research performing. Therefore, we recommend the high demand for the application of stricter traffic rules and to ensure strict compliance of these traffic regulations to reduce the rate of MVC.
Prevalence and Predictors of Cancellation of Elective Surgical Procedures at a Tertiary Hospital in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction. The cancellation of elective procedures has been shown to waste resources and to have the potential to increase morbidity and mortality among patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the cancellation of elective surgical procedures and to identify the factors associated with these cancellations at Mulago Hospital, a large public hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 10, 2018, to February 20, 2018. We recruited patients of all ages who were admitted to surgical wards and scheduled for elective surgery. Data on patients' demographic characteristics and diagnosis, as well as the specialty of the surgery, the planned procedure, the specific operating theatre, cancellation, and the reasons for cancellation were extracted and analyzed using logistic regression. Results Of a total of 400 cases, 115 procedures were canceled—a cancellation prevalence of 28.8%. Orthopedic surgery had the highest cancellation rate, at 40.9% (n = 47). Facility-related factors were responsible for 67.8% of all cancellations. The most common reason for cancellation was insufficient time in the theatre to complete the procedure on the scheduled day. No procedures were canceled because of a lack of intensive care unit beds. There was a significant association between surgical specialty and cancellation (P < 0.05) at multivariate analysis. Conclusion The prevalence of cancellation of elective surgical procedures at Mulago Hospital was 28.8%, with orthopedic surgery having the highest cancellation rate. Two-thirds of the factors causing cancellations were facility-related, and more than 50% of all cancellations were potentially preventable. Quality-improvement strategies are necessary in the specialties that are susceptible to procedure cancellation because of facility factors.
Leakage through Liners Constructed with Geomembranes--Part

How impermeable are 'impermeable liners'? Ali liners leak, including geomembranes, but how much? What are the mechanisms of leakage through liners constructed with geomembranes? To answer these questions, a detailed review of leakage mechanisms, published and unpublished test data, and analytical studies has been carried out with the goal of providing practical design recommendations. In particular, it appears that a composite liner (i. e. geomembrane on low-permeability soil) is more effective in reducing the rate of leakage through the liner than either a geomembrane alone or a soil liner (low-permeability soil layer) alone. However, the paper shows that the effectiveness of composite liners depends on the quality of the contact between the geomembrane and the underlying low-permeability soil layer.
PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS FED ON DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH SUNFLOWER OIL

The current investigation was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplementation of different sunflower oil levels on productive performance and physiological status of New Zealand White Rabbits. A total of 56 weaned New Zealand White rabbits, 5 weeks of age, was assigned randomly into four similar experimental groups, 14 rabbits in each (7 males and 7 females). Rabbits in the first group were served as control (G1), while those in the second, third and 4thgroups were fed diets containing 1% (G2), 2% (G3) and 3% (G4) sunflower oil, respectively, and the experimental period lasted for 8 weeks. Results indicate that all growth performance parameters in G1 and G2, including final LBW and average daily gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher, while average feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) lower than in G3 and G4, being with the best results in G1 and the poorest results in G4. These results reflected significantly (P<0.05) higher feed conversion ratio and productive index (PI) in G1 and G2 than in G3 and G4, being the highest in G1, but did not differ significantly from that in G2. Concentration of blood serum total proteins and globulins in G4, and glucose concentration in G3 and G4 were significantly (P<0.05) decreased as compared to G1. Concentration of blood serum total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides in G3 and G4 significantly (P<0.05) increased, while LDL concentration decreased as compared to G1. However, concentration of blood serum albumin and urea as well as serum activity of AST and ALT were not influenced by experimental diets. On the other hand, biochemical parameters in G2 did not differ significantly from that in control one. Sunflower oil at different levels had no significant effects on carcass and dressing percentage (with or without head) of growing rabbits. The same trend was observed for the relative weight of heart, stomach, small intestine, caecum, proximal colon and distal colon. The histological examination revealed normal liver and kidney function in all studied groups. Although rabbits fed the control diet showed the highest net revenue/rabbit, those in G2 fed diet containing 2% sunflower oil had the highest net revenue/group as a result of the highest viability rate in G2 (14/14) as compared to (12/14) in each of G1, G3 and G4. Dietary supplementation of sunflower oil at a level of 1% showed the highest economic efficiency without adversely effects on growth performance, carcass traits, physiological status, and liver and kidney function of growing rabbits.
How many reservoirs? An analysis of flow recessions from a glacier basin

Abstract Analysis of hydrograph-recession curves from temperate catchments has frequently been directed towards identifying a linear-storage element with mean residence time Κ which characterizes the delayed-flow component. This paper presents the results of applying such an analysis to recession curves from 11 years of discharge records from a glacier basin. Four reservoirs are identified but their estimated recession coefficients (K values) are found to vary with discharge and with time in the ablation season. This implies that the reservoirs are non-linear. Whilst it may be helpful for the interpretation of glacier-hydrological processes to identify several reservoirs, it appears that a single non-linear reservoir may provide an adequate representation of the glacier for operational forecasting purposes.
Financial Leverage and Dividend Policy: Evidence from Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria

Aims: The study examined the relationship existing between financial leverage and the dividend policy of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Study Design: The research work adopted for the study ex-post facto research design. Secondary data spanning 2011 to 2018 was sourced and collated from annual reports and accounts of oil and gas firms in Nigeria and Nigeria Stock Exchange factbook. Place of Study: Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Methodology: The data was analyzed employing descriptive statistics and the least square regression technique. Results: The study revealed that a significant relationship exists between long term debt and dividend payout ratio; total debt and dividend payout ratio while no significant relationship exists between short term debt and dividend payout ratio of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigeria Conclusion: Given the integral role the Oil and Gas sector plays in Nigeria, this paper showed the centrality of the capital structure and dividend policy in ensuring the stability of corporations in the Nigerian Oil and Gas industry. Short Research Article Chukwuebuka and Okonkwo; AJEBA, 14(2): 51-62, 2020; Article no.AJEBA. 55216 52