Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Essays on hedge funds

Η διατριβή περιλαμβάνει τέσσερα κεφάλαια που εξετάζουν διάφορα θέματα των αντισταθμιστικών αμοιβαίων κεφαλαίων υψηλού κινδύνου. Συγκεκριμένα, το πρώτο κεφάλαιο μελετά την αρχιτεκτονική του επιπέδου Ασυμμετρίας-Κύρτωσης, το οποίο είναι γενικώς συμβατό με μια παραβολική μορφή, για τα αντισταθμιστικά αμοιβαία κεφάλαια υψηλού κινδύνου και τις διάφορες επενδυτικές στρατηγικές· τόσο διαγραμματικώς όσο και οικονομετρικώς. Αποδεικνύεται πως υπάρχει μια δομική σχέση τετραγωνικής μορφής που συνδέει τις δύο ανώτερες ροπές, ενώ παρατηρούνται ευδιάκριτες διαφορές μεταξύ των επενδυτικών στρατηγικών. Τα αποτελέσματα μένουν ανεπηρέαστα μετά από ανάλυση ευαισθησίας. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο εξετάζει τις ιδιότητες κινητικότητας των ροπών ξεχωριστά και από κοινού. Χρησιμοποιώντας ένα μοντέλο Μαρκοφιανής αλυσίδας, εκτιμώνται οι μήτρες μετάβασης για τον κλάδο και τις επενδυτικές στρατηγικές, περιγράφοντας το πιθανολογικό πλαίσιο μετάβασης για την ασυμμετρία και την κύρτωση κατά μόνας και από κοινού. Τα αποτελέσματα υποδεικνύουν σχεδόν τέλεια κινητικότητα προς τη μη-κανονικότητα. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο προτείνεται μια μεθοδολογία εκτίμησης της μόχλευσης στα αντισταθμιστικά αμοιβαία κεφάλαια υψηλού κινδύνου. Αρχικά εφαρμόζεται η μέθοδος κυρίων συνιστωσών σε 49 παράγοντες ρίσκου ώστε να μειωθούν οι διαστάσεις. Αφού επιλεχθούν 10 κύριες συνιστώσες, εφαρμόζεται η παλινδρόμηση ελάχιστης απόλυτης συρρίκνωσης και επιλογής τελεστή, ανά αντισταθμιστικό αμοιβαίο κεφάλαιο και επτά τριετή μηνιαία μη επικαλυπτόμενα μεσοδιαστήματα, ώστε να επιλεχθούν οι κύριες συνιστώσες που επηρεάζουν το κάθε αντισταθμιστικό αμοιβαίο κεφάλαιο. Τέλος, πραγματοποιείται μια παλινδρόμηση ελαχίστων τετραγώνων, ομοιάζοντας το προηγούμενο πλαίσιο, με χρήση μόνο των μη μηδενικών κυρίων συνιστωσών. Αθροίζοντας τους συντελεστές, εκτιμάται μέσο κλαδικό επίπεδο μόχλευσης 3.3, συγκρίσιμο με τα δεδομένα της επιτροπής κεφαλαιαγοράς. Το τέταρτο κεφάλαιο αξιοποιεί ένα εκτενές σετ δεδομένων όπου γίνεται ταίριασμα των αντισταθμιστικών αμοιβαίων κεφαλαίων υψηλού κινδύνου με το βασικό τους μεσίτη. Καταγράφεται μια θετική και στατιστικώς σημαντική σχέση μεταξύ της μόχλευσης των αντισταθμιστικών αμοιβαίων κεφαλαίων και του ρίσκου κατάρρευσης της μετοχής του βασικού μεσίτη. Τα αποτελέσματα παραμένουν ισχυρά μετά από έλεγχο για ενδογένεια και εκτενή ανάλυση ευαισθησίας. Επίσης καταγράφεται ότι επενδυτικές στρατηγικές με μεγαλύτερη αποστροφή στoν κίνδυνο, μειώνουν την κλίση των μέτρων ρίσκου των βασικών μεσιτών και οδηγούν σε χαμηλότερο ρίσκο κατάρρευσης της μετοχής.
Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer: An Umbrella Review of the Literature

Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer of the female genital tract despite major advances in both surgical and oncological treatments. This is in part due to difficulties in identifying those most at risk of developing ovarian cancer, and that there are currently no effective screening strategies. Whilst 20% of cases have a genetic component, the majority have no obvious cause. Many risk factors have been associated with ovarian cancer, although the strength of this evidence remains unclear. This umbrella review attempts to review the validity of associations between non-genetic risk factors and the risk of developing or dying from ovarian cancer. There were six associations that were supported by strong evidence. Greater height, BMI and use of HRT increased the risk, whilst the use of oral contraceptive pill reduced that risk. This review will enable further research into these areas and may promote identification of individuals at high risk. Abstract Several non-genetic factors have been associated with ovarian cancer incidence or mortality. To evaluate the strength and validity of the evidence we conducted an umbrella review of the literature that included systematic reviews/meta-analyses that evaluated the link between non-genetic risk factors and ovarian cancer incidence and mortality. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and performed a manual screening of references. Evidence was graded into strong, highly suggestive, suggestive or weak based on statistical significance of the random effects summary estimate and the largest study in a meta-analysis, the number of cases, between-study heterogeneity, 95% prediction intervals, small study effects, and presence of excess significance bias. We identified 212 meta-analyses, investigating 55 non-genetic risk factors for ovarian cancer. Risk factors were grouped in eight broad categories: anthropometric indices, dietary intake, physical activity, pre-existing medical conditions, past drug history, biochemical markers, past gynaecological history and smoking. Of the 174 meta-analyses of cohort studies assessing 44 factors, six associations were graded with strong evidence. Greater height (RR per 10 cm 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.20), body mass index (BMI) (RR ≥ 30 kg/m2 versus normal 1.27, 95% CI 1.17–1.38) and three exposures of varying preparations and usage related to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use increased the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Use of oral contraceptive pill reduced the risk (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69–0.80). Refining the significance of genuine risk factors for the development of ovarian cancer may potentially increase awareness in women at risk, aid prevention and early detection.
How Does Self-Sacrificial Leadership Affect Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Hiding?: Organization's Cultural Prospective

Grounded in Social-Exchange Theory, the current study examines the association of self-sacrificial leadership with employees' knowledge sharing and knowledge-hiding behavior. Moreover, the mediatory role of employees' trust and intrinsic motivation was also investigated. The current study focused on self-sacrificial leadership outcomes while exploring underlying mechanisms to achieve those outcomes, specifically in SMEs in Indonesia. Using a longitudinal field survey, data were collected from 457 employees working at different levels in small and medium enterprises in Medan city, Indonesia. The results showed that self-sacrificial leadership was positively and significantly associated with the employees' knowledge-sharing behavior, while self-sacrificial leadership was negatively associated with employees' knowledge-hiding behavior. The results also revealed the interplay of employees' trust and intrinsic motivation between the link of self-sacrificial leadership and employees' knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding behaviors. Thus, it shows an exchange process of converting self-scarifying leaders' efforts into building trust among employees and intrinsically motivating them to share knowledge among peers and demotivate them from hiding knowledge.
Portable Digital Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer Based on Separate-Region Corona Discharge Ionization Source for On-Site Rapid Detection of Illegal Drugs

As narcotic control has become worse in the past decade and the death toll of drug abuse hits a record high, there is an increasing demand for on-site rapid detection of illegal drugs. This work developed a portable digital linear ion trap mass spectrometer based on separate-region corona discharge ionization source to meet this need. A separate design of discharge and reaction regions was adopted with filter air as both carrier gas for the analyte and protection of the corona discharge needle. The linear ion trap was driven by a digital waveform with a low voltage (±100 V) to cover a mass range of 50–500 Da with a unit resolution at a scan rate of 10,000 Da/s. Eighteen representative drugs were analyzed, demonstrating excellent qualitative analysis capability. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was also performed by ion isolation and collision-induced dissociation (CID) with air as a buffer gas. With cocaine as an example, over two orders of magnitude dynamic range and 10 pg of detection limit were achieved. A single analysis time of less than 10 s was obtained by comparing the information of characteristic ions and product ions with the built-in database. Analysis of a real-world sample further validated the feasibility of the instrument, with the results benchmarked by GC-MS. The developed system has powerful analytical capability without using consumables including solvent and inert gas, meeting the requirements of on-site rapid detection applications.
Neuroimaging in the Rare Sleep Disorder of Kleine–Levin Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Kleine–Levin syndrome (KLS) is characterized by episodes of hypersomnia. Additionally, these patients can present with hyperphagia, hypersexuality, abnormal behavior, and cognitive dysfunction. Functional neuroimaging studies such as fMRI-BOLD, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or SPECT help us understand the neuropathological bases of different disorders. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the neuroimaging features of KLS patients and their clinical correlations. This systematic review was conducted by following the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and PRISMA protocol reporting guidelines. We aim to investigate the clinical correlation with neuroimaging among patients with KLS. We included only studies written in the English language in the last 20 years, conducted on humans; 10 studies were included. We excluded systematic reviews, metanalysis, and case reports. We found that there are changes in functional imaging studies during the symptomatic and asymptomatic periods as well as in between episodes in patients with K.L. S. The areas most reported as affected were the hypothalamic and thalamic regions, which showed hypoperfusion and, in a few cases, hyperperfusion; areas such as the frontal, parietal, occipital and the prefrontal cortex all showed alterations in cerebral perfusion. These changes in cerebral blood flow and regions vary according to the imaging (SPECT, PET SCAN, or fMRI) and the task performed while imaging was performed. We encountered conflicting data between studies. Hyper insomnia, the main feature of this disease during the symptomatic periods, was associated with decreased thalamic activity. Other features of K.L. S. , such as apathy, hypersexuality, and depersonalization, were also correlated with functional imaging changes. There were also findings that correlated with working memory deficits seen in this stage during the asymptomatic periods. Hyperactivity of the thalamus and hypothalamus were the main features shown during the asymptomatic period. Additionally, functional imaging tends to improve with a longer course of the disease, which suggests that K.L. S. patients outgrow the disease. These findings should caution physicians when analyzing and correlating neuroimaging findings with the disease.
Correlation between the Lymphocyte-To-Monocyte Ratio (LMR) and Child–Pugh and MELD/MELDNa Scores in Vietnamese Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Objectives: This study aims to determine cirrhotic patients’ clinical and laboratory characteristics, thereby examining the correlation between lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and Child–Pugh and MELD/MELDNa scores. Methods: A cross-sectional study with an analysis of 153 patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology–Clinical Hematology at Can Tho Central General Hospital. Data were collected via patient interviews and medical records. Results: The included patients were more likely to be male (66.7%) and were ≥60 years old (51.6%). Excessive alcohol consumption and hepatitis B were the dominant causes of cirrhosis (35.3% and 34.0%). The clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar to previous studies in cirrhotic patients. The mean Child score was 9.3 ± 2.1, including 9.8% of patients with Child A, 44.4% for Child B, and 45.8% for Child C. The mean MELD and MELDNa scores were 16.9 ± 7.1 and 19.4 ± 8.1, respectively. The mean lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is 2.0 ± 2.2 (from 0.09 to 25.3), being negatively correlated with the other scores (Pearson correlation coefficients were −0.238; −0.211 and −0.245, respectively, all p-values < 0.01). Patients with LMR below 3.31 were more likely to be classified as Child–Pugh B and C. Conclusion: The correlation between LMR with Child–Pugh, MELD, and MELDNa scores was weak and negative.
Diagnosis, clustering, and immune cell infiltration analysis of m6A-related genes in patients with acute myocardial infarction—a bioinformatics analysis

Background Accurate myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays an important role in the development of cardiac remodeling and the cardiomyocyte contractile function. The aim of this study is to analyze the m6A-related molecular biological mechanisms of AMI in terms of accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Methods The platform data and probe data of the GSE66360 data set were downloaded. The differential analysis was conducted by combining the m6A-related gene expression. Thereafter, a diagnostic model was established using the random-forest method. The diagnostic accuracy of the diagnostic models was assessed by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Next, the patients with AMI were clustered by unsupervised machine learning using the R software. Finally, an immune cell clustering analysis for each cluster was conducted to determine the correlations between m6A-related gene expression and the infiltration amount of the immune cells. The case and control groups were not matched in terms of demographics. Results The GSE6636 data set comprised 99 participants (49 patients with AMI and 50 without in control group). The differential analysis identified 10 m6A-related genes: 5 writers [Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), Zinc Finger CCCH-Type Containing 13 (ZC3H13), and Casitas B-lineage proto-oncogene like 1 (CBLL1)], 4 readers [YT521-B homology domain-containing family 3 (YTHDF3), Fragile X mental retardation type 1 (FMR1), YT521-B homology-domain-containing protein 1 (YTHDC1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3)] and 1 eraser [fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene]. The Mean Decrease Gini (MDG) values of these 10 genes were greater than 2. The FTO, WTAP, YTHDC1, IGFBP3, and CBLL1 were included in the model with a C index of 0.842. METTL3, ZC3H13, WTAP, and CBLL1 were highly expressed in Type A, and YTHDF3 was highly expressed in Type B. Conclusions A diagnostic model of AMI was established based on the genes of FTO, WTAP, YTHDC1, IGFBP3, and CBLL1. Additionally, 2 molecular subtypes were successfully identified from the above-mentioned gene. Our findings could provide a novel method for the accurate diagnosis of AMI.
DSL Advances

Cutting-edge xDSL: technology, standards, architecture, regulation, and its application. The state of the art in DSL technology, standards, and architecture ADSL, HDSL2, SHDSL, VDSL, line unbundling, spectrum management, and more Voice over DSL and video-on-demand: technical progress and its impact on services DSL in the home: automating deployment, enhancing security, maximizing revenue Improved coding techniques, multi-user detection, and other new advancesDigital Subscriber Lines (DSLs) have transformed millions of ordinary phone lines into broadband arteries that link homes and businesses to the Internet at megabit speeds. DSL Advances brings together the state of the art in DSL technology and architecture for every technical professional and manager. The authors of the classic Understanding Digital Subscriber Line Technology review the key challenges service providers and equipment manufacturers face now, preview tomorrow's most important standards and technical enhancements, and offer new insights into today's regulatory and business environment. Coverage includes: HDSL2 and SHDSL: The next generation of symmetric DSL technology Recent developments in ADSL and standards for line unbundling Spectrum management standards: "traffic cops" for crosstalk management Voice over DSL and video-on-demand: technical progress that enhances the business case DSL networked homes: wired/wireless LANs, shared phone and AC wiring? including both centralized splitters and distributed in-line filter premises wiring Streamlining deployment: CPE auto-configuration and flow-through service provisioning Security risks and essential safeguards for vendors, service providers, and users Future directions, including advanced coding techniques and multi-user detection
An insight to the internal quality control of blood components separated using the latest whole blood collection and processing systems: Experience from a tertiary care hospital blood transfusion service in Eastern India

BACKGROUND: With blood component therapy becoming the standard of care in transfusion medicine globally, the quality control (QC) of these components has become a routine and mandatory program in all blood centers. Extensive utilization of blood components has been observed in our multidisciplinary tertiary care hospital. We use quadruple bag systems and automated component extraction facilities for collection and processing of whole blood (WB). In this study, we analyzed our data relating to QC of all blood components which we prepare and issue for transfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective 5-year study comprised 47,430 WB collections which were separated into blood components using quadruple bags and automated component extraction machine. A total of 90 units of WB were processed into blood components for the machine calibration and validation. Routine use of the system was started once the calibration and validation results were acceptable. At least 1% of each component prepared was subjected to QC as per departmental standard operating procedures. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS statistical package. RESULTS: The mean volume, hematocrit (Hct), platelet (PLT), and white blood cell (WBC) in 350 and 450 mL WB units were 394.63 mL, 39.43%, 0.93 × 1011, and 3.12 × 109 and 507.75 mL, 40.72%, 1.13 × 1011, and 3.45 × 109, respectively, with mean recovery of PLT and WBC in buffy coat being 95.54% and 68.63% and 97.87% and 74.51%, respectively. As high as 89.91% RBC recovery was noted in the packed red blood cell units which were subjected to QC. QC of random donor platelets was performed in 979 (2.36%) units with acceptable results. The mean fibrinogen and FVIII values were estimated to be 469.17 mg and 217.34 IU (1.07 IU/mL) and 600.21 mg and 273.39 IU (1.11 IU/mL) in fresh frozen plasma units prepared from 350 and 450 mL WB, respectively. A total of 578 (1.62%) units of cryoprecipitate were investigated for QC with favorable results. CONCLUSION: We conclude that QC data generated in this study will provide invaluable information about the performance of the latest blood collection systems. QC of all blood components under study complied with both national and international standards. We opine that all blood centers should establish a complete QC program and adhere to departmental protocols and manufacturer's instructions for its execution and effective outcome.
‘Involve me, and I learn’: Effects of social status on students’ physical activity, skill, and knowledge during group work

The limited amount of research on the influence of social status during group work in physical education has typically focused on interactions and power. What is less understood is whether social status has an impact on various physical education outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine physical activity, game performance, and knowledge outcomes of high- and low-status fifth-grade students during a physical education field hockey unit delivered utilising the Sport Education model. 44 students completed sociometric peer nomination surveys to determine the social status hierarchy of all students in the class. Students wore accelerometers to measure moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the unit. Pre- and post-unit game performance and knowledge were assessed through the Team Sport Assessment Procedure and cognitive tests, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed no significant difference between high- and low-status students’ average MVPA over all phases of the unit (pre-season, season and post-season), while analysis of covariances revealed significant differences in game performance and field hockey knowledge based on social status. Results suggest while physical activity levels were similar between high- and low-status students, some lower-status students were at risk in terms of developing skills and knowledge.
Stability Analyses of Early Segregating Egyptian Cotton Populations and Their Parents Across different Irrigation Intervals and Sowing Dates.

This research was conducted to explore the potentiality of variable F2/F3 cross combinations and their six parents for developing climatic resilient genotypes under a wide range of environmental conditions. During 2019 and 2020 seasons, eight RCBD trials were carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, using two planting dates as early, (onset of April) and late planting, (onset of May). In each sowing date, two trials were conducted by irrigation each 14 and each 28 days as normal and stressed, respectively. Combined analysis showed that cotton genotypes, environments, and their interactions (GEI) were highly significantly for all traits with considerable magnitudes of GEI than other sources of variance. G.90CB58 exhibited the sole desirable parent for significantly highest seed cotton yield (SCY) and stability estimates with expected response to favorable environments. G.90CB58 shared Australian for better performance and stability the lint yield (LY). The cross combinations of G.90 with G.94, G.95 and Karashanky recorded significantly higher SCY and LY with somewhat stability in performance despite none of common parents exhibited similar superiority. The crosses of G.94 with G.90CB58 & Australian produced significantly higher SCY and LY with promising stability. The combinations of G.95 with G.90CB58 in addition to those of G.95 with Austalian recorded significantly the highest SCY and LY with simultaneously resilient performance to different environmental conditions. It could be concluded that these eight out of studied fifteen cross combinations may be considered as encouraging resources for selecting promising higher SCY and LY accompanied to desirable stability
Assessing Conservation and Mitigation Banking Practices and Associated Gains and Losses in the United States

Conservation and mitigation banks allow their proponents to buy credits to offset the negative residual impacts of their development projects with the goal of no net loss (NNL) in the ecosystem function and habitat area. However, little is known about the extent to which these bank transactions achieve NNL. We synthesized and reviewed 12,756 transactions in the United States which were related to meeting area and ecological equivalence (n = 4331) between the approved negative impact and offset. While most of these transactions provided an offset that was equal to or greater than the impacted area, approximately one quarter of the transactions, especially those targeting wetlands, did not meet ecological equivalence between the impact and offset. This missing ecological equivalence was often due to the significantly increasing use of preservation, enhancement, and rehabilitation over creating new ecosystems through establishment and re-establishment. Stream transactions seldom added new ecosystem area through creation but mainly used rehabilitation in order to add offset benefits, in many cases leading to a net loss of area. Our results suggest that best practice guidance on habitat creation as well as the incentivization of habitat creation must increase in the future to avoid net loss through bank transactions and to meet the ever-accelerating global changes in land use and the increased pressure of climate change.