Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production-based Cognitive Models as a Test Suite for Reinforcement Learning Algorithms

We introduce a framework in which production-rule based computational cognitive modeling and Reinforcement Learning can systematically interact and inform each other. We focus on linguistic applications because the sophisticated rule-based cognitive models needed to capture linguistic behavioral data promise to provide a stringent test suite for RL algorithms, connecting RL algorithms to both accuracy and reaction-time experimental data. Thus, we open a path towards assembling an experimentally rigorous and cognitively realistic benchmark for RL algorithms. We extend our previous work on lexical decision tasks and tabular RL algorithms (Brasoveanu and Dotlačil, 2020b) with a discussion of neural-network based approaches, and a discussion of how parsing can be formalized as an RL problem.
Comparison and validation of global and regional ocean

Xueming Zhu, Hui Wang, Guimei Liu, Charly Régnier, Xiaodi Kuang, Dakui 3 Wang, Shihe Ren, Zhiyou Jing, Marie Drévillon 4 5 Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental 6 Forecasting Center, Beijing, 100081, China 7 Mercator Océan, Ramonville Saint Agne, France 8 State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese 9 Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China 10
Gender-diverse boards get better performance on mergers and acquisitions

Most studies have found merger and acquisition (M&A) performance less than encouraging. In fact, M&As appear to destroy value for acquiring shareholders more often than they create it, and the value destruction continues long into the future (Bradley, Desai, & Kim, 1988; Cai & Vijh, 2007; Harford, Humphery-Jenner, & Powell, 2012; Alexandridis, Fuller, Terhaar, & Travlos, 2013). In a recent study, Alexandridis, Antypas, and Travlos (2017) present evidence that M&As post-2009 seem to create more value for acquiring firm shareholders than ever before. Nonetheless, close to 50% of M&As continue to lose money for acquiring shareholders, with losses of up to US$1 billion per transaction. Even so, M&A activity is on the rise. According to Forbes Magazine, “2019 could look even better” as analysts expect M&A activity to increase significantly. In this paper, we investigate whether board gender diversity affects bidding behaviors in M&As, and enhances acquiring firms’ performance. Our motivation stems from the growing literature documenting a positive link between women in a leadership position and firm performance. For example, using a sample of Norwegian firms, Yang, Riepe, Moser, Pull, and Terjesen (2019) show a negative link between a greater female representation on firm boards and firm risks. The appointment of women on corporate boards also appears to improve financial reporting quality. Chen, Eshleman, and Soileau (2016) get strong empirical evidence for a negative link between a genderdiverse board and internal control issues. They show that even one female board member could reduce the likelihood of internal control problems. We contribute to this literature by examining the role of gender diversity in the context of M&As. Further, Abstract
Ten Isn’t Large! Group Size and Coordination in a Large-Scale Experiment

We provide experimental evidence on coordination within large groups that could proxy the atomistic nature of real-world markets. We use a bank run game where the two pure-strategy equilibria can be ranked by payoff and risk dominance and a sequence of public announcements introduces stochastic sunspot equilibria. We find systematic group size effects that theory fails to predict. When the payoff-dominant strategy is risky enough, the behavior of small groups is uninformative of the behavior in large groups: unlike smaller groups of size ten, larger groups exclusively coordinate on the Pareto-inferior strategy and never coordinate on sunspots. (JEL C92, D83, D91, G21)
The economic value of tourism and recreation across a large protected area network

Environmental economists routinely use travel cost methods to value recreational services from protected areas, but a number of limitations remain. First, most travel cost studies focus on a single protected area or a small handful of protected area sites; value estimates that relate to a protected area network across a larger geographic area or jurisdiction are rare. Second, most protected area travel cost studies use on-site sampling techniques that bias value estimates towards those reported by frequent visitors. Values derived from such studies are unlikely to be representative of those held by the broader community, and as such they are of limited utility for strategic land-use planning. We have overcome these limitations to estimate the total value of tourism and recreation for a network of 728 protected areas across 800,000 km2 in New South Wales (NSW) in south-eastern Australia. This is one of the largest studies of its kind undertaken to date, drawing on data from a stratified random phone-survey of more than 62,000 individuals in which interviewers collected detailed information on the number of visits to any and all of the 728 protected areas within NSW. Our study provides new insights into protected area visitation through the use of a random effects ordered logit model, which allows explicit examination of the distribution of recreational value amongst households. Our modelling estimates the value of tourism and recreation services provided by the NSW protected area network at $AUD 3.3 billion per annum. Most of this value accrues to frequent users from within NSW, particularly those from regional areas. The comparative values presented in our study indicate that the recreational services provided by protected areas and other sites can be a similar order of magnitude to, and perhaps even greater than, the extractive uses that are traditionally assigned economic values. It follows that land-use decisions that fail to account for these values are unlikely to optimise societal benefits from land-use allocation.
Epoch-by-epoch estimation and analysis of BDS receiver differential code biases with the additional BDS-3 observations

Abstract. The differential code bias (DCB) of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is an important error source in ionospheric modeling, which was generally estimated as constants every day. However, the receiver DCB may be changing due to the varying space environments and temperatures. In this paper, the receiver DCB of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is estimated as the changing parameter within one day with epoch-by-epoch. The BDS receiver DCBs are analyzed from 30 days of multi-GNSS experiment observations. The comparison of estimated receiver DCB of BDS with the DCB provided by German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) shows a good agreement. The root mean square (RMS) values of receiver DCB are 0.43 and 0.80 ns with respect to DLR and CAS, respectively. In terms of the intra-day variability of receiver DCB, most of the receiver DCBs show relative stability within one day with the intra-day standard deviation (STD) of less than 1 ns. However, larger fluctuations with more than 2 ns of intra-day receiver DCB are found. Besides, the intra-day stability of receiver DCB calculated by the third-generation BDS (BDS-3) and the second-generation BDS (BDS-2) observations is compared. The result shows that the intra-day stability of BDS-3 receiver DCB is better than that of BDS-2 receiver DCB.
The Use of Task-Based Learning to Enhance Speaking Skill of Senior High School Students

This research was aimed at investigating the use of Task-Based Learning in enhancing speaking skill of senior high school students. This research was a quantitative research which used quasi-experimental design. This research assigned two classes; experimental and control class which each class consisted of 36 students. The two classes were given different treatment; Task-Based Learning was treated in Experimental class and Conventional Teaching was treated in Control Class. Speaking test was used to obtain speaking score. T-test formula was used to analyze the data. The result showed that there was a significant influence of Task-Based Learning on students’ speaking skill. It was proven by the value of tobserved was 5.270 which was higher than the value of ttable 1.669. Thus, it indicated that the students who were taught by Task-Based Learning had better speaking ability than those who were taught by Conventional Teaching.
Position of Female Victims of Sexualon ISIS Media News Online

The most harmed party in sexual violence cases is female. This study aims to shed light on how news texts model sexual assault cases. This type of research is qualitative using descriptive methods. The research data is an excerpt from a media news online article containing cases of ISIS sex offenders collected over sixteen texts from various media online. News texts were analyzed using Sara Mills model critical discourse analysis theory. The results of the study were (1) seven texts featuring victims as subject matter; (2) one text featuring the victim's defense as the subject of the story; (3) seven texts featuring victims and defendants as the subject of the story; and (4) one text featuring the victim, the victim's advocate, and the perpetrator as the subject of the story. In the news of a sexual assault case, the text must be written based on the information of the offending party. Based on the text models found, it can be concluded that the mass media plays a role in defending female victims of sexual assault.
A discrete dislocation analysis of mode I crack growth

Small scale yielding around a plane strain mode I crack is analyzed using discrete dislocation dynamics. The dislocations are all of edge character, and are modeled as line singularities in an elastic material. At each stage of loading, superposition is used to represent the solution in terms of solutions for edge dislocations in a half-space and a complementary solution that enforces the boundary conditions. The latter is non-singular and obtained from a ﬁnite element solution. The lattice resistance to dislocation motion, dislocation nucleation, dislocation interaction with obstacles and dislocation annihilation are incorporated into the formulation through a set of constitutive rules. A relation between the opening traction and the displacement jump across a cohesive surface ahead of the initial crack tip is also speciﬁed, so that crack growth emerges naturally from the boundary value problem solution. Material parameters representative of aluminum are employed. For a low density of dislocation sources, crack growth takes place in a brittle manner; for a low density of obstacles, the crack blunts continuously and does not grow. In the intermediate regime, the average near-tip stress ﬁelds are in qualitative accord with those predicted by classical continuum crystal plasticity, but with the local stress concentrations from discrete dislocations leading to opening stresses of the magnitude of the cohesive strength. The crack growth history is strongly a(cid:128)ected by the dislocation activity in the vicinity of the growing crack tip. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Growth and survival after cotyledon removal in Quercus robur seedlings, grown in different natural soil types

The effect of cotyledon removal on oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings was studied in an experiment. In nature, acorns are dispersed by a predator, jay (Garrulus glandarius) which hoards acorns in autumn and hide them in the ground. These acorns may germinate in spring and after seedling establishment the birds locate young seedlings and remove and eat the cotyledons. Seedlings of oak were grown in field pots during two growing seasons. Cotyledons were removed from half of the plant material at the time of leafing in the first year. The seedlings were grown in six natural soils with different texture and nutrient status. Effects of soil type were more important than presence or absence of cotyledon on the growth of the oak seedlings (.)
Morphology of hatchling hooded crows and its relation to egg volume

The relationship between egg volume and the size of hatchling Hooded Crows Corvus corone cornix, was studied in 1982 and 1984, in the Trondheim area, Central Norway. A high positive correlation was found between egg volume and the magnitude of all the morphological characters studied (total body mass, net body mass, tarsus length, wing length, bill tip length, and claw length), and between egg volume and the yolk sac mass of the hatchling. There was a tendency for a relative increase in yolk sac mass with increasing egg volume. There was also a high positive correlation between the magnitudes of the different morphological characters of the hatchlings. When making a principal component analysis of the morphological, yolk sac, and egg volume data, four groups were separated. The middle toe and claw length had high scores on one component, the yolk sac on a second component, the tarsus length on a third component, and the other morphological characters and egg volume had moderate to high scores on all three components. At hatching, the bill tip was the most developed feature, compared to the same character for nestlings 24 days old, followed by the lengths of the tarsus, middle toe, claw, wing, and total body mass. The order of development of the different morphological characters during the embryonic stage was adapted to the hatchling's needs during the hatching process.
Chapter 11 High flyer or high fashion? A comparison of flight potential among small bodied paravians

The origin of flight in birds and its relationship to bird origins itself has achieved something of a renaissance in recent years, driven by the discovery of a suite of small-bodied taxa with large pennaceous feathers. As some of these specimens date back to the Middle Jurassic and predate the earliest known birds, understanding how these potential aerofoil surfaces were used is of great importance to answering the question: which came first, the bird or the wing? Here we seek to address this question by directly comparing key members of three of the major clades of paravians: anchiornithines, Microraptor and Archaeopteryx across their known size classes to see how they differ in terms of major flight-related parameters (wing loading; disc loading; specific lift; glide speed; takeoff potential). Using specimens with snout to vent length (SVL) ranging from around 150 mm to 400 mm and mass ranging from approximately 130 g to 2 kg, we investigated patterns of interand intraspecific changes in flight potential. We find that anchiornithines show much higher wingand discloading values and correspondingly high required minimum glide and takeoff speeds, along with lower specific lift and flapping running outputs suggesting little to no flight capability in this clade. In contrast, we see good support for flight potential, either gliding or powered flight, for all size classes of both Microraptor and Archaeopteryx, though there are differing patterns of how this shifts ontogenetically. These findings, coupled with previous findings of a lack of wing-based locomotion in early-diverging troodontids or dromaeosaurids, suggest that flight was not a synapomorphy of Paraves. This supports the contention that flight capacity and potentially powered flight itself arose convergently in at least two distinct paravian lineages, first in birds minimally 150 million years ago, then in the microraptorines 20–30 million years later. Our work indicates that the origin of flight among paravians was likely a more complex phenomenon than previously appreciated. 1 Division of Natural Sciences, Mount Marty College, Yankton, SD. 2 Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal. 3 Vertebrate Palaeontology Laboratory, Division of Earth and Planetary Science, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 4 Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles. 296 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 440
Dry Sliding Wear And Static Immersion Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6/SiCp Metal Matrix Composite Prepared Via Friction Stir Processing

In this experiment, SiC particles 20μm in average size were incorporated into the commercially Aluminum alloy 6061-T6 to form particulate metal matrix composite produced by using Friction Stir Processing (FSP). After the preparation of composite, the homogeneity of the particles distribution inside Al matrix has been observed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Dry sliding wear test was conducted by using pin on disk equipment and Static immersion corrosion (SIC) resistance was evaluated in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution at various regimes. From the results, it observed that the SiC particles are well distributed homogenously inside the nugget zone without any defects, obtained good bonding between the SiC particles and Al matrix alloy. The micro hardness of nugget zone with SiC particles is more compare to the as-received Al alloy due to the dispersion of SiC particles. It found that, exhibited superior dry sliding wear resistance and significant improvement SIC resistance of FSPed Aluminum alloy 6061-T6/SiCp composite is compare with as-received Al alloy. KeywordsFriction stir processing, Aluminum alloy 6061-T6, SiC particles, Micro hardness, Dry sliding wear resistance, Static immersion corrosion
Detection of Left Ventricular Thrombi on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Viability Studies

Objective To highlight detection of left ventricular thrombi on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) viability studies. Method This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Radiology Department at our Hospital in Dhahran, from April 2015-2019. All recently re-perfused (post-percutaneous coronary intervention/PCI) patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI), having low ejection fractions (<40%), impaired LV functions or abnormal wall motions on transthoracic echocardiographies (TTEs), who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging viability studies were included. Patients with incomplete or limited studies (due to artifacts), previous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), those who lost follow-ups, and those who were contraindicated or unfit for MRIs were excluded. An area of low signal intensity with no late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was defined as thrombus on MR imaging, and two radiologists reached consensus report for the diagnoses. Patients with anterior or non-anterior wall MI were documented, and their ejection fractions were recorded. Percentage estimation of LV thrombi as detected on CMR studies was made. Any complications (like MI, stroke or death) that occurred within one year of diagnoses were documented. A Chi-square was used to determine association. Results Of the 125 patients, most were men (71.2%) with a mean age of 56.78 years. Eleven patients had left ventricular thrombi (8.8%), and most of these were anterior wall infarctions with low ejection fractions (<40%). Three out of 11 patients with LV thrombi developed complications versus 3 out of 114 without LV thrombi (P- value, .0005). Conclusion Left ventricular thrombi can be detected on cardiac viability studies in recently re-perfused STEMI patients and may possibly predict the risk of complications.
Competitive Dynamics among Service SMEsjsbm_277

In an effort to further our understanding of competitive dynamics, the three constructs of firm specialization, environmental munificence, and rivalry intensity are examined in relation to financial performance in service-intensive Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Using a sample of physician organizations, direct and interaction relationships are empirically examined using multivariate regression analyses. Findings confirm a three-way interaction that exists among these factors in relationship to overall performance; this supports a more complex, configurations approach to competitive dynamics research, particularly among service-intensive SMEs.
MODIFIED DOUGHNUT TECHNIQUE IN REDUCTION MAMMOPLASTY FOR BREAST CANCER

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy in women and comprises 18% of all female cancers. The goal of modern breast surgery is to cure patients with preservation and reconstruction of breast tissue leading to satisfactory physical and psychological outcome. Aim of the Work: to evaluate modification of Dougnut technique in reduction mamoplasty as part of oncoplastic breast surgery for breast cancer. Patients and Methods: This prospective study included 20 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer suitable for management with the modified doughnut breast oncoplastic reduction mammoplasty surgery the age of the patients varied from 22 and 60 years old. The mean age for our study was 46.5. Results: From the 20 patients, the most common were of cup size C and D with the later being the mean and accounting for more than half (55%). The mean tumor size was 3.37  1.01 with a mean distance from NAC of 2.86  0.85. The location was 60% paraaereolar and 40% in the lower half of the breast. 13 (65%) patients underwent operation unilateral and 7 (35%) patients underwent bilaterally. The most common tumor pathology was IDC (70%). Regarding our patients' cosmetic satisfaction, the overall mean score of our study was 4.35 which falls between very good and excellent Conclusion: The modification of oncoplastic surgical techniques allows combining of several benefits, as here the modified doughnut technique benefiting from combining the round block and superior medial techniques giving better access of tumors and oncological control around the breast and reduction mammoplasty in large breast of cup C, D and more, with safe NAC and good aesthetic outcome. That technique showed good adoption bilaterally which is a key for symmetrization in oncoplastic surgeries.
The role of filamentous CTXphi bacteriophage in Vibrio cholerae genetics and diversity

Cholera toxin is the most important virulence factor of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains. It is encoded by ctxAB operon that is a part of the genome of a filamentous bacteriophage (CTXphi). This bacteriophage plays an important role in the evolution and pathogenesis of V. cholerae and genetic variations that occur within the genome of this bacteriophage affect V. cholerae toxicity and potential to cause epidemics and can be used as a powerful tool in epidemiological investigations.
The Effects of Gum Cordia on the Physicochemical, Textural, Rheological, Microstructural, and Sensorial Properties of Apple Jelly

The aim of this research was to study the effects of gum cordia on the physicochemical, color, textural, rheological, microstructural, and sensorial properties of apple jelly. Apple jelly was prepared by replacement of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of pectin with gum cordia. The results showed that gum cordia had a significant effect on the physicochemical properties (ash, protein, TPC, DE, and color) of apple jelly. The total phenol content of the sample significantly increased with the addition of gums. The rheological properties showed that a sample containing 75% gum cordia was similar to control and had the highest apparent viscosity, loss moduli (G″), storage moduli (G′), and complex viscosity. Also, the sensorial properties showed that a sample containing 75% gum cordia had a high score in texture, taste, appearance, and overall acceptability. The results suggested that gum cordia as a polymer can be successfully employed for the formulation of jelly for improving technofunctional properties of jelly.
A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Acute Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Attentional and Executive Control Processing during the Stroop Test in Healthy Aging: An ERP Study

Page 5 1 Introduction Page 7 1.1 Exercise Effects & Cognitive Functioning Page 8 1.2 Employing EEG/ERPs to Investigate the Effects of Acute Exercise on Cognitive Functioning Page 17 1.3 Age and Cognitive Functioning Page 19 1.4 Exercise, Age and Cognitive Functioning Page 23 1.5 Aims, Objectives and Hypotheses Page 29 2 – Method Section Page 32