Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrometeorological sensitivities of net ecosystem carbon dioxide and methane exchange of an Amazonian palm swamp peatland

Tropical peatlands are a major, but understudied, biophysical feedback factor on the atmospheric greenhouse effect. The largest expanses of tropical peatlands are located in lowland areas of Southeast Asia and the Amazon basin. The Loreto Region of Amazonian Peru contains ~63,000 km2 of peatlands. However, little is known about the biogeochemistry of these peatlands, and in particular, the cycling of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), and their responses to hydrometeorological forcings. To address these knowledge gaps, we established an eddy covariance (EC) flux tower in a natural palm (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) swamp peatland near Iquitos, Peru. Here, we report ecosystem-scale CO2 and CH4 flux observations for this Amazonian palm swamp peatland over a two-year period in relation to hydrometeorological forcings. Seasonal and short-term variations in hydrometeorological forcing had a strong effect on CO2 and CH4 fluxes. High air temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exerted an important limitation on photosynthesis during the dry season, while latent heat flux appeared to be insensitive to these climate drivers. Evidence from light-response analyses and flux partitioning support that photosynthetic activity was downregulated during dry conditions, while ecosystem respiration (RE) was either inhibited or enhanced depending on water table position. The cumulative net ecosystem CO2 exchange indicated that the peatland was a significant CO2 sink ranging from −465 (−279 to −651) g C m−2 y−1 in 2018 to −462 (−277 to −647) g C m−2 y−1 in 2019. The forest was a CH4 source of 22 (20 to 24) g C m−2 y−1, similar in magnitude to other tropical peatlands and larger than boreal and arctic peatlands. Thus, the annual carbon budget of this Amazonian palm swamp peatland appears to be a major carbon sink under current hydrometeorological conditions.
The Effects of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Terms of Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB), a recent regional analgesic technique, has been used to manage acute pain after surgery. The aim of this meta-analysis is to identify the benefits of ESPB in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Web of Science to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of ESPB on postoperative pain after LC. Primary outcome was defined as 24 h cumulative opioid consumption. Secondary outcomes were pain scores and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We estimated mean differences (MD) and odds ratio (OR) using a random-effects model. A total of 8 RCTs, including 442 patients, were included in the final analysis. Postoperative opioid consumption was significantly lower in the ESPB group than in the control group (MD −4.72, 95% CI −6.00 to −3.44, p < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the ESPB group also showed significantly lower pain scores and incidence of PONV. A separate analysis of RCTs comparing ESPB with oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane (OSTAP) block showed that the analgesic efficacy of ESPB was similar to that of OSTAP block. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that ESPB may provide effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing LC.
MULTIPLE SLIPS AND CHEMICAL REACTION EFFECTS ON MHD STAGNATION POINT FLOW OF CASSON FLUID OVER A STRETCHING SHEET WITH VISCOUS AND JOULES HEATING

The steady boundary layer stagnation flow of a Casson fluid over a stretching sheet with slips boundary conditions in the presence of viscous dissipation, Joule heating and the first order destructive chemical reaction is analyzed. The governing flow problem is based on momentum equation, energy equation, and mass diffusion equation and these are further simplified with the help of similarity transformations. The reduced, resulting highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations are solved using the Matlab bvp4c package. The effects of various parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration as well as on the skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat and mass transfer coefficients are presented in graphical forms. A comparison with published data has been carried out and good agreements are found, it is noted that the effects of increasing the value of the Casson parameter are to suppress the fluid velocity.
TROPHIC HABITATS AND PALEOECOLOGY OF MARINE GASTROPODS FROM THE BAKHTIARI SUCCESSION (SHALAMZAR AREA, CENTRAL-WESTERN IRAN)

رسوباتدریایی کم ژرفایی که به تازگی در توالی بختیاری در ناحیه شلمزار شناسایی شده‌اند، از نظر مجموعه فسیلی شکم‌پایان(گاستروپودها) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. در طی مطالعات انجام شده، رژیم‌های تغذیه‌ای شکم‌پایان و بوم‌شناسی آنها تعیین و تفسیر شدند. بر اساس بررسی‌های سامان‌مند (سیستماتیک)، 21 جنس و 9 گونه از شکم‌پایان متعلق به 20خانواده، در برش مورد مطالعه شناسایی و معرفی شدند که در بین مجموع رخساره‌های واحد دریایی توالی بختیاری، در 7 تجمع و رخساره تجمع یافته‌اند. خانواده‌های تعیین‌شده از شکم‌پایان عبارتند از: Turritellidae، Conidae، Muricidae، Cerithiidae، Volutidae، Ranellidae، Strombidae، Olividae، Naticidae، (? ) Mitridae، Triforidae،Aclididae ، Plesiotrochidae، Trochidae، Melongenidae، Sorbeoconcha، Turbinidae، Cypredae، Cancellariidaeو . Buccinidae? Indet فراوان‌ترین شکم‌پایان به خانواده‌هایCerithiidae، Strombidae، Turritellidaeو Turbinidae تعلق دارند. از نظر رژیم‌های تغذیه‌ای، شکم‌پایان شناسایی‌شده در چهار گروه: 1) معلق‌خواران با قابلیت جابه‌جایی، 2) جوندگان همه‌چیز‌خوار ، 3) گوشت‌خواران و 4) علف‌خواران جای گرفته‌اند که در این بین با توجه به تجمع بقایای گیاهی و عدسی‌های زغال‌سنگ در بیشتر رخساره‌های رسوبات دریایی، انواع علف‌خوار گسترش و پراکندگی بیشتری دارد. بر اساس نوع عادت‌های غذایی شکم‌پایان، پراکندگی آنها تحت کنترل تغییرات انرژی و آشفتگی آب، میزان مواد معلق آب، میزان رسوب‌گذاری و مقدار نفوذ خرده‌های گیاهی به درون حوضه بوده و نشان‌دهندة بخش‌های پرانرژی‌تر میان‌‌کشندی (اینترتایدال) تا نواحی میانی، کم‌انرژی‌تر و ژرف‌تر منطقه کم‌نور (الیگوفوتیک) در یک رمپ میانی با ژرفایی حدود 40 متر هستند. همچنین، لازم به بیان است که با فراوانی مواد غذایی در محیط و همچنین افزایش ژرفا، اندازه صدف شکم‌پایان تحلیل یافته است که بر این اساس، شکم‌پایان شناسایی‌شده، به دو دسته ریزشکم‌پایان و درشت‌شکم‌پایان تقسیم‌بندی می‌شوند. نزدیکی تاکسون‌های کشف شده در رسوبات دریایی توالی بختیاری با نمونه‌های گزارش شده از تتیس مدیترانه‌ای و به ندرت اقیانوس هند و دریای کاراییب، گویای این واقعیت است که ناوة (تراف) زاگرس در زمان زندگی ‌گروه‌های جانوری شناسایی شده، بیشترین ارتباط را با حوضه‌های مدیترانه‌ای و پاراتتیس داشته است.
Candida Species Distribution of Clinical Specimens in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Candidiasis has become increasingly widespread in the community alongside with the developing resistance of Candida sp . to some antifungals. A prevalence study in the present research is required to surveil the distribution of Candida -related infections to administrate the appropriate antifungal treatments. The objective of this research was to determine the species distribution of candidiasis with their antifungal susceptibility isolated from clinical specimens at the Zainoel Abidin Hospital (ZAH) Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The clinical specimens were from inpatients and outpatients in the hospital during January to June 2019. The identification of Candida species and antifungal sensitivity assay were conducted by using VITEK ® 2 Compact. Of a total of 68 isolates, there were six species of Candida with the highest species prevalence was Candida tropicalis (52.94%). Additionally, the highest prevalence of candidiasis came from urine specimen (54.41%) and mostly from inpatients in the internal medicine unit (54.41%). Candidiasis occurred predominantly in men (58.82%) and during adulthood (55.88%). The antibiogram of Candida sp. shows a high percentage of sensitivity towards some antifungals including fluconazole (100%), voriconazole (100%), caspofungin (100%), micafungin (100%), amphotericin B (99.5%), and flucytosine (100%). From this result, it can be concluded that candidiasis cases in the ZAH Banda Aceh, Indonesia has prevalently occurred with the few antifungal therapies for candidiasis of were still effective empirically and definitively. This is an initial study of Candida prevalence within different clinical samples in Banda Aceh and the study is expected to be a basis for prevention and control of Candida -related infections in the area.
Title Evolutionary elongation of the time window of integration in auditory cortex: Macaque vs. human comparison of the effects of sound duration on auditory evoked potentials

Right © 2019 Itoh, Nejime, Konoike, Nakamura and Nakada. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Predictors of Age-Specific Childhood Mortality in India MADRAS SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS

Like many other developing nations, the age-specific mortality vary across regions and decline at different pace for India. Using a multinomial logit model, this study analyses the predictors for neonatal, post-neonatal, infant and under-five mortality. Mother‟s height, age of mother at first birth, dietary pattern of the mother and education of parents are significant predictors for all the age-specific mortality. Equally important are access and usage of appropriate health inputs like tetanus shots, regular consumption of iron tablets and ante-natal visits. Compared to other age-specific mortality, neonatal mortality has the largest number of predictors that are statistically significant. Girls of higher birth order survive more during the first month than boys and reversal is true where later born boys have survival advantage after the first month. This highlights the biological advantage of girl-child survival only up to the first month and son-preference seems to create a disadvantage for girl child survival at later age-groups. Keeping all other factors constant, domestic violence is also an important predictor for neonatal mortality.
European Journal of Economic and Financial Research-ISSN 2501-9430

Nairobi Securities Exchange has witnessed cases of stock market reactions as a result of extreme price volatility which point to the possibility of underlying inefficiencies that impacts on the shareholder value. Such market reactions are as a result of irrational investor behavior leading to market inefficiencies. A challenge to Efficient Market Hypothesis is that individuals often overreact and underreact to news causing stock markets to react according to investor behaviour in their investment decision making. Generally, the study determined the effect of investor behaviour, on stock market reaction of listed companies in Kenya. Specifically, the study determined the effect of investor herd behaviour on stock market reactions of listed companies in Kenya; determined the effect of investor loss aversion on stock market reactions of listed companies in Kenya; determined the effect of investor mental accounting on stock market reactions of listed companies in Kenya; and determined the effect of investor overconfidence on stock market reactions of listed companies in Kenya. The target population was 67 listed companies at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. A sample of 48 listed companies was used for analysis. Secondary data extracted from NSE historical data of listed companies for the period 2004 to 2016 was used for analysis. The study adopted quantitative research design. Panel data regression analysis model was used. The results indicate that investor herd behaviour does not have a significant effect on stock market reaction. However, investor loss aversion, investor mental accounting and investor overconfidence have significant effect on stock market reaction in Kenya.
Inflation, openness, and exchange-rate regimes: The quest for short-term commitment

This paper further tests Romer’s [Romer, D. , 1993. Openness and inflation: theory and evidence. Quarterly Journal of Economics 58, 869–903] extension of Kydland and Prescott’s [Kydland, F. , Prescott, E. , 1977. Rules rather than discretion: the inconsistency of optimal plans. Journal of Political Economy 85, 473–491] predictions for dynamic inconsistency problems in open economies. In a panel data set of developed and developing countries from 1973 to 1998, I find that openness does not play a role in restricting inflation in the short run. On the other hand, a fixed exchange-rate regime plays a significant role. The results are robust to controlling for other variables that determine inflation, performing sensitivity analysis, and using a de facto exchangerate regime classification. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: E31; F31; F41
Caracterização da colpocitologia em capivaras ("Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris")

Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is one of the species which has interested farmers due to its performance potential, as a result of the quality of its skin and meat. Based on commercial interests, many studies have been done to understand the reproductive physiology and to answer questions that could help to improve the productive status of these animals. This study was performed to describe the cell types from the vaginal epithelium of capybaras and to compare the efficiency of three dyes on cell staining. The experiment was carried out at Centro de Biodiversidade of USIPA, in Ipatinga/MG. Cells were obtained by the swab technique from five adult animals and stained with Giemsa, Methylene Blue and Shorr. Samples were collected every three and five days, during 30 days. Four types of cells were observed, parabasal cells, intermediate cells and superficial cells (with or without nucleus), besides bacteria and leukocytes. The three dyes were able to stain efficiently on colpocitology, however, Giemsa and Metileno Blue were more practical than Shorr. Colpocytology was shown to be an applicable procedure for this animal species.
In vitro Evaluation of Botanical Extracts, Chemical Fungicides and Trichoderma harzianum Against Alternaria brassicicola Causing Leafspot of Cabbage

Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria brassicicola is one of the destructive diseases of crucifers and causes considerable loss in the yield and qualityof the produce. An experiment was conducted in in vitro to evaluate the efficacy of six botanical extracts at three concentrations i.e. 5%, 10% and 15%, six chemical fungicides at five different concentrations i.e. 50ppm, 100ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm and Trichoderma harzianum against Alternaria brassicicola.The study was carried out using poisoned food technique for botanical extracts and chemical fungicides and dual culture technique for T. harzianum in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Among botanical extracts, maximum inhibition (99.91%) of mycelial growth was observed in sweet flag at 15% concentration followed by 10% sweet flag (96.68%) and 5% sweet flag (93.64%) and minimum inhibition percent (5.61%) was observed in Lantana camara at 5% concentration. Hexaconazole proved to be the most effective chemical fungicide recording 100% growth inhibition at all the tested concentrations which was at par with1000 ppm metalaxyl + mancozeb (Kriloxyl Gold), 500 and 1000 ppm mancozeb and 1000 ppm carbendazim + mancozeb(SAAF)whereas, 50 ppm carbendazim was least effective in reducing fungal growth (7.16%). T. harzianum showed 65.02% inhibition of test fungus. The study indicated better performance of some chemical fungicides even at lower concentrations i.e. 100ppm and 250ppm. So, such effective fungicides could be used to minimize hazardous effect. Significant effect of some botanical extracts against pathogen growth suggests their application as potential control agent alternative to chemicals.
Incompressible Smoothed Particle Galerkin (ISPG) Method for an Efficient Simulation of Surface Tension and Wall Adhesion Effects in the 3D Reflow Soldering Process

A new numerical method in LS-DYNA®, the incompressible smoothed particle Galerkin (ISPG) method, is developed for the simulation of shape evaluation of solder joints in electronic equipment during the reflow process. The ISPG method is aiming to suppress key numerical instabilities observed in the simulation of incompressible free surface fluid flow using strong form Lagrangian particle methods such as SPH. In ISPG method, a momentum-consistent smoothing algorithm is utilized to offer the desired numerical stability associated with the velocity field in the fluid particle integration scheme. To stabilize the pressure field in Navier-Stokes equations, a second-order generalized rotational incremental pressure-correction scheme is developed for the incompressible fluid flows. To simulate the shape evolution of solder joints during the reflow process, a numerical procedure considering the surface tension and wall adhesion effects is introduced. Several numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the new method.
Novel shock-capturing techniques for discontinuous Galerkin methods

The present study introduces two novel shock-capturing algorithms developed for the spectral/hp discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulation. The first limiting technique proposed is based on a semi-analytical solution of the diffusion equation at troubled cells. This limiter is capable of providing fine sub-cell resolution of shocks with reduced computational cost and implementation complexity. Its local accuracy is shown to scale with h/p (including a small conservativity error), similar to that offered by DG shock-capturing methods based on artificial viscosity. The second limiter presented consists of a generalization of Hermitian WENO limiters accomplished by means of Birkhoff interpolations. The resulting algorithm can take into account the complete high-order expansions from neighbouring cells to produce sharp oscillation-free shock transitions. The compactness of the technique is guaranteed by construction, since only immediate neighbours are considered in the Hermitian approach. Moreover, local conservativity and the preservation of global accuracy at smooth regions are naturally inherited from the WENO methodology. In this paper, both limiting techniques are presented and analysed in the context of one-dimensional problems, including applications to nozzle flows.
Scale Effect on CFRP Strengthening of Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames

The diagonal application of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer fabrics on hollow clay tile infill walls has been qualified as an efficient rehabilitation method for deficient reinforced concrete frames. However, majority of the experimental studies were conducted on 1/3-scaled RC frames and the effect of specimen scaling has not been questioned. In the current study, the results of an experimental campaign on 1/2-scaled RC frames are presented. Test specimens are grouped in two series having two different aspect ratios. In each series, there are two RC frames having hollow clay tile infill walls with/without CFRP reinforcement. The results of 1/2-scaled specimens are compared with the experimental results obtained from 1/3-scaled frames. In addition, the numerical model which were developed by the authors for 1/3scaled frames are employed for modeling 1/2-scaled specimens and the results were assessed by comparing with the test results.
Validation of depression, anxiety and stress scales (DASS-21): Immediate psychological responses of students in the e-learning environment

The COVID-19 epidemic has caused higher education institutions in Vietnam to immediately transfer from traditional classrooms to e-learning environments. This interacts with high expectations and habits of learning and training can adversely affect the mental health of students. The purpose of this study is to validate the DASS-21 scale for use in the mental health screening in Vietnamese students when they suffer an immediate psychological reaction in the e-learning environment. Strict statistical analyzes (including Cronbach's alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Average Variance Extracted, Average Shared Variance) have led to a well-fitting model of DASS-18 with a three-factor structure to measure the mental health of Vietnamese students in an e-learning environment. Results DASS-18 reported the rates of depression, anxiety, and stress in levels of moderate severity or above in Vietnamese students at 50%, 19.7%, and 37.3%, respectively. However, a rate of anxiety up to 43.1% by using DASS-21 indicating that many students may be misdiagnosed for the level of anxiety. Finally, linear regression analyses are used to examine the influence of socio-demographic factors on the immediate psychological responses of students to an e-learning environment in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Reflections on Reflexive Theorizing: The Need for A Little More Conversation

We investigate the nature and impact of recent ‘reflexive theorizing’ in the field of Organization Studies by examining articles that critically reflect on research, practice and the profession more generally with a view to defining, refining or changing future trajectories for the field. We identify a range of discursive practices used in these articles to establish authority, describe the field and make claims about the nature of theorizing. We then present three ‘ideal types’ that represent particular constellations of these discursive practices. We interrogate each of these ideal types in order to demonstrate how particular combinations of discursive practices can limit the potential of reflexive theorizing by shutting down conversations. Finally, we make a number of suggestions for weaving together discursive practices in ways that help to ensure that reflexive theorizing generates new forms of knowledge through conversations which are open to a wider range of voices, and where respect and generosity are evident.
SAFE POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS FOR MAINTAINING OLINDA ORANGE FRUITS QUALITY DURING MARKETING LIFE

Extending postharvest fruit life demand cold storage period prolongation with reasonable marketing life. In this scope, quality of Olinda orange was determined in response to arabic gum, bee wax, paraffin oil and chitosan coatings during simulated marketing life at 20 ◦ C for 12 days after cold storage at 5 ◦ C and 90-95% relative humidity for 90 days. All applied coatings had desirable effects on fruit quality compared with the control, where the best treatment was chitosan at 1 and 2% that were effective in maintaining ascorbic acid content compared to the uncoated ones. Chitosan coating at 2% attained the lowest significant weight loss and decay percentages. Also, it delayed changes associated with fruit aging such as colour changes, softening and pectin the methylesterase activity, in addition to valuable means of respiration rate compared to the uncoated ones. Coatings are easily applied tools that could be suitable for extending Olinda orange postharvest marketing life.