Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robustness of simulating aerosol climatic impacts using regional model (WRF-Chem v3.6): the sensitivity to domain size

Abstract. Domain size can have significant impacts on regional modeling results, but few studies examining the sensitivities of regional modeling results of aerosol impacts to domain size. This study investigates the regional modeling sensitivities of aerosol impacts on East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) to domain size. The simulations with two different domain sizes demonstrate consistently that aerosols induce the cooling of lower troposphere that leads to the anti-cyclone circulation anomalies and thus the weakening of EASM moisture transport. The aerosol-induced adjustment of monsoonal circulation results in a spatial pattern of “+-+-+” for precipitation change over the continent of China. Domain size has a great influence on the simulated meteorological fields. For example, the simulation with increasing domain size produces weaker EASM circulation, which also affect aerosol distributions significantly. This leads to the difference of simulated strength and area extent of aerosol-induced changes of lower-tropospheric temperature and pressure, which further results in different locations of circulation and precipitation anomalies over the continent of China. For example, over Southeast China, aerosols induce the increase (decrease) of precipitation from the smaller-domain (larger-domain) simulation. Different domain sizes simulate consistently aerosol-induced increase of precipitation around 30° N over East China. This study highlights the important impacts of domain size on regional modeling results of aerosol impacts on circulation and precipitation, which may not be limited to East Asia. More generally, this study also implies that proper modeling of meteorological fields with appropriate domain size is one of the keys to simulate robust aerosol climatic impacts.
The comparison of narrow and regular platform dental implants placed in posterior regions: A retrospective, longitudinal study

Berceste Güler1, Banu Çukurluöz Bayındır2 1Department of Periodontology, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Faculty of Dentistry, Kütahya 2Department of Prosthetic Rehabilitation, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Faculty of Dentistry, Kütahya, Turkey Comparison of narrow and regular implants The comparison of narrow and regular platform dental implants placed in posterior regions: A retrospective, longitudinal study
Sources of nitrous oxide and the fate of mineral nitrogen in subarctic permafrost peat soils

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems have received little attention, largely because they have been thought to be negligible. Recent studies, however, have shown that there are habitats in the subarctic tundra emitting N2O at high rates, such as bare peat (BP) surfaces on permafrost peatlands. Nevertheless, the processes behind N2O production in these high-emission habitats are poorly understood. In this study, we established an in situ 15N-labeling experiment with two main objectives: (1) to partition the microbial sources of N2O emitted from BP surfaces on permafrost peatlands and (2) to study the fate of ammonium and nitrate in these soils and in adjacent vegetated peat (VP) surfaces showing low N2O emissions. Our results confirm the hypothesis that denitrification is mostly responsible for the high N2O emissions from BP. During the study period, denitrification contributed ∼ 79 % of the total N2O emissions from BP, whereas the contribution from ammonia oxidation was less (about 19 %). Both gross N mineralization and gross nitrification rates were higher in BP than in VP, with high C/N ratios and a low water content likely limiting N transformation processes and, consequently, N2O production in the latter soil type. Our results show that multiple factors contribute to high N2O production in BP surfaces on permafrost peatlands, with the most important factors being the absence of plants, an intermediate to high water content and a low C/N ratio, which all affect the mineral-N availability for soil microbes, including those producing N2O. The process understanding produced here is important for the development of process models that can be used to evaluate future permafrost–N feedbacks to the climate system.
The Other Double Bubble Sign: Gastric Parastomal Hernia

Introduction: A parastomal hernia (PSH) is an abnormal herniation of an intra-abdominal organ or other tissue through an intentionally created fascial defect at an ostomy site. PSHs commonly involve reducible mobile segments of omentum, intra-abdominal fat, and bowel. However, PSHs may rarely involve fixed intra-abdominal organs such as the stomach. Case Description: A 68-year-old female underwent emergent Hartmann procedure for Hinchey III diverticulitis and subsequently developed a large reducible parastomal hernia. She was scheduled for an elective laparoscopic colostomy reversal. Prior to her scheduled reversal, the patient presented to the ED with anorexia, lack of colostomy output, emesis, and pain localized to her left lower quadrant. She was found to have gastric outlet obstruction secondary to herniation of the stomach through the left lower quadrant colostomy site. The patient was admitted and treated conservatively with resolution of her symptoms, but due to the high likelihood of recurrence, the decision was made to proceed with laparoscopic Hartmann colostomy reversal with coloproctostomy and primary closure of the fascia without mesh. Conclusion: The contents of a PSH can become incarcerated causing obstruction, strangulation, necrosis and even perforation over time. Fortunately, in this case, herniation of the stomach was recognized early. The patient underwent repair of the hernia defect in order to prevent recurrence of gastric herniation and its potential detrimental complications. The decision regarding the technical aspects of ostomy reversal in terms of mesh selection require further study. In our case, mesh was not used due to patient-specific factors and comorbidities.
In Vitro organogenesis of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. Plantlets through callus culture

Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. (pointed gourd) commonly known as parwal/patal in India, is one of the most important and expensive summer vegetable crops and holds a coveted position in the Indian market during the summer and rainy season (Kumar et al. 2003, Komal et al. 2010). It is said to be the native of South East Asia and probably the Northern and Eastern states of India, especially, of Bengal, Assam and Bihar (Nath and Subramanyam, 1972) and has high economic value with export potential. It is mainly cultivated along the riverine belts of Bihar. Sudden flood and water logging destroys the fruits and plant/vines leading to shortage of planting materials. Micropropagation may help overcome these problems to a great extent. Moreover the plant's dioecious nature and its vegetative mode of propagation make its reproduction and multiplication labour intensive. Genetic improvement of this crop has not been attempted adequately, hence, there is much work to be done from an agricultural point of view. Since, the crop is of immense economic importance, much work has to be done on its maintenance, conservation and in vitro propagation. Though there are earlier reports on adventitious proliferation of shoots from the shoot tip and nodal explants of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. (Malek et al. 2007, Komal et al. 2010, Komal, 2011) still plantlet regeneration from the callus cultures has to be achieved from genetic variation and agricultural point of view. The availability of an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration is a prerequisite to harness any biotechnological approach for genetic improvement of crop plants. Development of an efficient and reproducible protocol for differentiation of multiple shoots from the callus has a great potential in obtaining soma clonal variants and in vitro mutation breeding (Tejavathi et al. 2010). Hence, the present study is an attempt to induce callus and regenerate plantlets from the callus cultures of shoot apices and axillary nodes of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.
Tabelliscolex (Cricocosmiidae: Palaeoscolecidomorpha) from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota and the evolution of seriation in Ecdysozoa

Cricocosmiidae is a clade of palaeoscolecid-like worms from the Chengjiang Biota, China (Cambrian Stage 3). In contrast with palaeoscolecids sensu stricto, which exhibit tessellating microplate trunk ornamentation, cricocosmiids have larger, serially repeated sets of trunk sclerites bearing a resemblance to lobopodian trunk sclerites (e.g. Microdictyon spp.). Cricocosmiidae have therefore been proposed as stem-group Panarthropoda in some studies, but are recovered as stem-group Priapulida in most phylogenetic analyses. The affinity of cricocosmiids within Ecdysozoa is therefore of much interest, as is testing the homology of these seriated structures. We report four new specimens of the rare cricocosmiid Tabelliscolex hexagonus, yielding new details of the ventral trunk projections, sclerites and proboscis. New data confirm that T. hexagonus had paired ventral trunk projections in a consistent seriated pattern, which is also reported from new material of Cricocosmia jinningensis (Cricocosmiidae) and Mafangscolex yunnanensis (Palaeoscolecida sensu stricto). Even when the seriated sclerites and ventral projections of cricocosmiids are coded as homologous with the seriated trunk sclerites and paired appendages, respectively, of lobopodian panarthropods, our tree searches indicate they are convergent. Cricocosmiidae is nested within a monophyletic ‘Palaeoscolecida sensu lato’ clade (Palaeoscolecidomorpha nov.) in stem-group Priapulida. Our study indicates that morphological seriation has independent origins in Scalidophora and Panarthropoda. Supplementary material: Phylogenetic character list and matrix are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.5551565 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Advances in the Cambrian Explosion collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection. org/cc/advances-cambrian-explosion
ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene and its active role

Recent investigation successfully identified a pre leukemic ETV6/RUNX1-positive clone in the healthy twin of a patient diagnosed with ETV6/RUNXI-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and also some studies with ETV6/RUNX1 knock in mice showed that the expression of the fusion gene is not sufficient for the invivo induction of ALL. Taken together, these data indicate that ETV6/RUNX1-positive leukemia is . generated through a multi-step mechanism, and that accumulation of additional genetic changes is necessary for the development of overt leukemia. Hence, to understand fully the genetic evolution of this disorder, identification of the complete spectrum of genetic changes that accompany the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene is necessary. Moreover, critical patho genetic insights may be gained from studying the correlation pattern of the different copy number changes.
Dynamical-Statistical Hybrid Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Track Density Over Western North Pacific

Compared with total account of basin-wide tropical cyclones (TC) genesis, the prevailing tracks of TC activity and its potential of landfalling is more important for disaster prevention. Despite its relatively lower predictability, a statistical-dynamical hybrid prediction model was developed based on the knowledge of the physical mechanism between western North Pacific (WNP) TC activity and related large-scale environmental fields from July to September. The leading modes of spatial-temporal variation of WNP TC tracks density its climatological peak season (July to September) was extracted using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition. The interannual variation of leading EOF modes of WNP TC track density was predicted using multiple linear regressions (MLR) method based on predictors selected by correlation analysis of both observational and Beijing Climate Center climate system model version 1.1 (BCC_CSM1.1) hindcast data. The predicted spatial distribution of WNP TC tracks density was obtained through weighted composite of forecasting EOF modes according to its variance explained respectively. Results of one-year-out cross validation indicates that forecast model well captures the interannual variation of WNP TC prevailing moving tracks, especially in South China Sea (SCS) and southeastern quadrant of WNP. The prediction skill enhanced with decreased forecast lead time, with anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of northern SCS and southeast quadrant of WNP reaches 0.6 for the period 1991-2020 with one month forecast lead time. Forecast assessment based on different ENSO phases indicate that source of predictability of WNP TC tracks was mainly originate from ENSO events, especially strong El Niño events.
Fluid and Tissue Biomarkers of Lewy Body Dementia: Report of an LBDA Symposium

The Lewy Body Dementia Association (LBDA) held a virtual event, the LBDA Biofluid/Tissue Biomarker Symposium, on January 25, 2021, to present advances in biomarkers for Lewy body dementia (LBD), which includes dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). The meeting featured eight internationally known scientists from Europe and the United States and attracted over 200 scientists and physicians from academic centers, the National Institutes of Health, and the pharmaceutical industry. Methods for confirming and quantifying the presence of Lewy body and Alzheimer's pathology and novel biomarkers were discussed.
Synergistic anti-cancer effects of silibinin-etoposide combination against human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines

Objective(s): Recently, there is a significant focus on combination chemotherapy for cancer using a cytotoxic drug and a phytochemical compound. We investigated the effect of silibinin on etoposide-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell lines. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effects of silibinin and etoposide were determined using MTT assay after 24 and 48 hr incubation with these drugs individually and combined. The mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl2, and protein levels of P53, phosphorylated p53 (P-P53), and P21 were determined using real-time PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The caspase 9 activity was measured using an ELISA kit. Results: Silibinin and etoposide alone and combined significantly inhibit cell growth in a dose and time-dependent manner in both cell lines. The strongest synergistic effects in terms of MCF-7 cell growth inhibition [combination index (CI) = 0.066] were evident. The silibinin-etoposide combinations cause a much powerful apoptotic death (47% and 40%) compared with each compound individually in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells, respectively. Additionally, the silibinin-etoposide combinations significantly increased the expression of P53, P-P53, and P21 in MCF-7 cells. Neither silibinin nor etoposide individually increased the level of P53 and P-P53 in MDA-MB-231 cells, but both of them individually and combined increased the level of P21. Conclusion: Since the silibinin-etoposide combination induces apoptosis in both cell lines with and without expression of p53, thus, it is suggested that this combination may be a successful therapeutic strategy for breast cancer regardless of P53 status.
Cost and benefit analysis of water allocation among farmers and cattle herders in Mvomero District, Tanzania

Tanzania comprises huge land of about 1 million square kilometers with plentiful water sources such as lakes, rivers, springs, wetlands and aquifers, but with poor allocation of water resource created conflicts among farmers and cattle herders who requires water for their conflicting water use activities. Farmers require water for irrigation and roaming cattle herders use it for their cattle. These two activities go together but water for irrigation when used for cattle, crops will be eaten up by cattle. When this happens, the conflict between farmers and cattle keepers arise. Water allocation conflict is rampant in Mvomero District due to the co-existence of farmers and cattle herded using the same source of water. Farmers have been migrating from different parts of Tanzania to settle there and start maize farming while cattle herders immigrate in Mvomero district searching for green pastures there. Also, seasonal roaming cattle keepers have moved from other parts of the country to Mvomero district. The increasing conflicting use of water resource has resulted in conflicts among pastoralists and farmers. Therefore, cost and benefit analysis of water allocation among water users, specifically cattle herders and farmers in Mvomero District was essential to find out how water could be governed and used more efficiently for economic gains. The study was conducted in Mkindo, Kambala and Mpapaa-Msufini villages in Mvomero district. The institutional arrangements which were used to govern water resource allocation in those areas were studied by triangulating the methods combining qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The study was a case study design allowing explorative, descriptive and explanatory designs to be used following Yin (2003). The study intended to interview 89 pastoralists and farmers. The findings reveal that cattle herders generated more income from selling cattle than farmers. Thus, cattle herders were economically having more benefits more than farmers. The study concluded that allocating water resource to farmers and pastoralists required cost and benefit analysis. For the case of Mvomero district, pastoralists would have benefited more from the water resource allocated to them than when farmers could be allocated the same, therefore the water allocation to the pastoralists is suggested in this paper.
The effect of fermented tempeh aerobic anaerobic (FETAA) on pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) gene expression and HOMA-beta index in diabetic mice

Background: Diabetes is a result of oxidative stress which causes the impaired function of pancreatic beta-cells. Fermented tempeh aerobic anaerobic (FETAA) containing gamma-aminobutyric acid and isoflavones can reduce oxidative stress in diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate FETAA in improving pancreatic β-cell function in diabetic mice. Methods: Twenty streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, divided into four groups (n = 5 each group): DM, DM + FETAA 10 mg/100 g BW, DM + FETAA 20 mg/100 g BW, DM + FETAA 40 mg/100 g BW as well as normal group (n = 5). DM mice were treated with FETAA for 21 days. Fasting glucose was determined using the GOD-PAP method, while insulin level was determined by ELISA. The homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) was calculated using the HOMA2 calculator, and the Pdx1 mRNA level was determined by Real Time-PCR. Results: The DM mice group treated with FETAA had lower glucose levels than the DM mice group. FETAA dosage of 40 mg/100 g BW was able to reduce the highest blood glucose levels (p<0.05). DM mice group treated with FETAA had higher levels of insulin and HOMA-β than the DM mice group (p <0.05). Treatment of FETAA 10 mg/100 g BW produced the highest insulin content of 57.44 ± 8.132 pmol/L, while treatment of FETAA 40 mg/100 g BW had a HOMA-β value of 72.86 ± 21.85%. Pdx1 mRNA expression in group FETAA-treated DM mice was higher than the DM mice group, although it was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Conclusion: FETAA could improve HOMA-β, blood glucose levels, but did not affect Pdx1 mRNA expression.
PhotoCat Contents-2-2

The NOx gasses (NO and NO2) are among the most important air pollutants due to the toxicity of NO2, as well as the role of NOx in the tropospheric oxidation of Volatile Organic Carbons (VOCs), contributing to the formation of other hazardous air pollutants. Air pollution is one of the biggest health threats worldwide; hence reducing NOx levels is an important objective of the UN sustainable development goals, e.g., #3, “Good health and well-being” and #11 “Sustainable cities and communities. ”Photocatalysis using TiO2and light is a promising technique for removing NOx along with other pollutants, as demonstrated on a laboratory scale. Furthermore, a long-range of real-life test studies of varying scales have been conducted during the past two decades. The results of these studies have been conflicting, with some studies reporting no effect on the ambient air quality and others reporting significant reductions of NOx levels. However, the studies are very difficult to compare and assess due to the different approaches used, which consequently vary in quality. In this review, we aim to develop a set of objective evaluation criteria to assess the quality of the individual studies in order to simplify the interpretation and comparison of the existing studies. Moreover, we propose some guidelines for future test studies. Furthermore, the approaches and main conclusion from 23 studies are independently assessed and discussed herein. A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y Received: August 13, 2020 Revised: February 03, 2021 Accepted: February 04, 2021 DOI: 10.2174/2665976X02666210308151731
Isolation and Identification of Phenol-Degrading Bacteria from Oil-Contaminated Sites

This work is aimed at isolating and identifying phenol-degrading bacteria from oil-contaminated sites. Five soil samples from three auto-mechanic workshops within Katsina metropolis were collected. The samples were analyzed by selective enrichment technique, which resulted in the isolation of four bacterial species. The species were further subjected to the Vitek 2 compact microbiological system analysis. Cupriavidus pauculus, Pontoea spp, Proteus mirabilis 1 and Proteus mirabilis 2 were identified. Result from the present study showed that the bacteria could utilize phenol as their carbon source. Proteus mirabilis 1 and Proteus mirabilis 2 showed lower phenol degradation potential, under similar conditions. Cupriavidus pauculus and Pontoea sp. showed significant increases (p<0.05) in their optical densities. The optical density increment is strongly correlated with increase in colony forming units of the bacteria. This study further showed that the isolates could tolerate high phenol concentrations and may serve as strong putative isolates in bioremediation of phenol-contaminated sites.
Evaluation of Cytological Effects of Fusilade and Sencor Herbicides on Somatic Cells of Glycine max (L.) Merrill

The present study has been conducted to investigate the mutagenic effects of two herbicides: fusilade and sencor on somatic cells of Glycine max with respect to the mitotic index, phase index, mitotic abnormalities and chromosome aberrations. For evaluation of cytogenetic effects, root meristem cells of G. max were treated with (4.2, 12.5, 20.8 ml/L) fusilade and (1.6, 2.5, 3.3 g/L) sencor for three exposure times (6, 12, 24h). The obtained results indicated that fusilade had a marked mitodepressive action while sencor had a mitopromotor action on mitosis. However, both induced a large number of chromosomal abnormalities. Metaphase aberrations represent the most conspicuous type of abnormalities. The types of abnormalities produced were disturbed, non-congression, oblique, stickiness, polyploidy, two groups, late separation, diagonal, bridge and laggard chromosome.