Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manifestation of kubanga causal connectives in English-Luganda bilingual discourse

This article presents an overview of the Luganda causal marker kubanga (because) as it occurs in a bilingual Luganda-English spoken discourse. I explore the general structural and functional status of kubanga forms by describing their occurrence in bilingual utterances, explain their context-dependent causal roles and point out their domain specificity. The analysis of data is informed by Myers-Scotton’s (1993, 1995, 2002) Matrix Language-Frame model (MLF), a model which explains the structural configurations of embedded elements within bilingual clauses and Sweetser’s (1990) domain of use model to account for the domain specificity of these forms. Reference will also be made to recent developments in the works on causality (in which the domain model has been reanalysed in terms of Objectivity and Subjectivity). I also make reference to Blakemore’s (2002) Relevance theory-based notion of conceptual-procedural encoding. The findings show that a kubanga form can occur as a single word inserted in an expression which is entirely in English, it can occur in mixed constituents and a kubanga clause can occur as an island. It is evident that kubanga forms operate in four domains (content, epistemic, speech act and metalinguistic) and that they are domain specific. Kubanga forms are positionally mobile and can occupy the initial, medial and final positions in their host clauses.
The potentiating response to drop jump protocols on sprint acceleration: Drop jump volume and intra-repetition recovery duration. Running head: PAP and drop jumps Original Investigation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the postactivation potentiation (PAP) response firstly to bounce drop jump (BDJ) volume; secondly, BDJ intra-repetition recovery duration and recovery duration between BDJs and 20 meter (including 5 and 10 meter split times) sprint performance. The study was undertaken in two parts, the first part compared different volumes of BDJs and the second part compared different BDJ intra-repetition recovery periods. The effect of recovery periods between the BDJs and the subsequent 20 m sprints were examined in both part 1 and 2(15 seconds, 4, 8 and 12 minutes). Fourteen (mean ± SD: age = 20.83 ± 1.26 years; height = 1.77 ± 0.04 m; mass = 74.89 ± 6.07 kg) (part 1) and fifteen (mean ± SD: age = 20.64 ± 1.00 years; height = 1.78 ± 0.06 m; mass = 75.67 ± 6.28 kg) (part 2) male collegiate and club hurling players volunteered to participate. A randomized cross-over design was employed to compare BDJ volumes (one, two and three sets of three repetitions) and BDJ intra-repetition recovery time (15 seconds versus 60 seconds) after a warm-up followed by two baseline 20 m sprints. The results in part one reported a significant improvement in 5 and 10 m sprint time for one set of three BDJ between baseline and 4minutes (5 m: -2.34%, P = 0.04, ES = -.043; 10 m: -1.42%, P = 0.03, ES = -0.35) and baseline and 12 minutes (5 m: -3.33%, P = 0.03, ES = -0.57; 10 m: -2.13%, P = 0.01, ES = -0.52). Part two reported a significant improvement in 5 m sprint time between baseline and 15 seconds (5 m: -3.38%, P = 0.01, ES = -0.83; 10 m: -2.07%, P = 0.02, ES = -0.58) post the BDJs. The findings support the use of 1 set of three BDJs using a 15 sec intra-repetition recovery period to maximize 5, 10 and 20 m sprint performance after 15 seconds of recovery post the final BDJ in hurling players. The acute response to this BDJ protocol proves to be time efficient and effective in acutely improving sprint acceleration.
Characterization of wavelength shifters and optimization of the ARAPUCA device : Caracterização de wavelength shifters e otimização do dispositivo ARAPUCA

The next generation of neutrino experiments offers major challenges in collection of scintillation light. The ARAPUCA device, developed by our group, stands as a promising candidate in the scenario of new light detectors for these experiments. Its operation is based on a combination of Wavelength Shifters and a Dichroic Filter. In this work, we studied this compounds, characterizing some of their physical properties. The temporal emission pattern of the most common wavelength shifters was measured using the TGM beamline in the LNLS, operating in the single bunch beam mode. The result of these measurements shows the existence of delayed light emission and its characteristic time. This fact corroborates the hypothesis of ionization of these compounds when exposed to high energy photons, such as those from the liquid argon scintillation. As a further study of ionization, the relative conversion efficiency of these compounds was measured. This analysis presents a first step in the understanding of how the ionization of these molecules can contribute to the efficiency of this compound. A result obtained from these measurements is the conversion efficiency of liquid argon scintillation photons for different thicknesses of TPB. The results agree with what is found in the literature, with good precision and in a wider range with respect to the previous measurement. The relative efficiency of the compounds was also measured using visible and near ultraviolet light, in order to study the best candidate for the internal wavelength shifter in the ARAPUCA device. It has been found that BisMSB exhibits superior efficiency to TPB when excited using the emission spectrum of pTP. This is an important result, since the cost of this compound is approximately three times lower than the current compound, TPB. Finally, a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the ARAPUCA device was developed. The intention was to compare its efficiency with a new iteration of this device, the X-ARAPUCA. In this study, several parameters were varied, respecting the restrictions imposed by the DUNE standard photodetector design. It has been found that X-ARAPUCA has an efficiency significantly higher than a standard ARAPUCA. The X-ARAPUCA represents the baseline design of the photodetection system of the DUNE far detector.
The drawing development characteristics of gifted and children of normal development

This study was conducted in a survey model in order to compare the drawing development of gifted and children of normal development in the Scheme Period (7–9 years). A simple random sampling method has been included in the study of 122 gifted children with 135 children of normal development. In the study, the data were collected via the drawings of the children, and as a data collection tool, the Drawing Evaluation Form, was used. The pictures that the children made were evaluated by the researcher and a painting teacher using the Drawing Evaluation Form. The data analysed using descriptive statistics and 2 × 2 analysis of variance showed that drawing characteristics of gifted and children of normal development are similar; it was also found that the difference between boys and girls was not significant, and that the drawings of children who showed non-gifted differed according to the age. Keywords: Drawing, drawing development, scheme period, gifted child.
Dimensional stability and tensile strength of biopolymer composite reinforced with hardwood fiber at varying proportions

Abstract. Bola TS, Oluyege AO, Aina KS. 2020. Dimensional stability and tensile strength of biopolymer composite reinforced with hardwood fiber at varying proportions. Asian J For 4: 1-5. This study was designed to produce bio-composites made from three different wood species and at three different mixing ratio of plastic to wood on weight to weight basis. The main variables employed in this study are wood species of Triplochiton scleroxylon, Terminalia superba and Gmelina arborea; at plastic: wood of 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40 respectively. The composite samples were made through compounding and extrusion process. The properties evaluated were carried out in accordance with the American Standard Testing Methods of 570 and 790 to determine the dimensional stability and strength properties of the composites. The values obtained for the wood species range from 0.59 g/cm3 to 0.72 g/cm3, 0.59 % to 0.71 %, 0.63% to 0.7 %and 1.84 MPa to 2.07 MPa for density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and tensile strength respectively. Meanwhile, the values obtained from the mixing ratio range from 0.54 g/cm3 to 0.79 g/cm3, 0.53% to 0.79%, 0.42% to 1.00%, and 1.58 MPa to 2.37 MPa for density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and tensile strength respectively. It was observed that mixing ratio and wood species used in this study influenced the dimensional stability and strength properties of the WPCs. This study revealed that as the wood-flour content increased to plastic, the dimensional properties, and tensile strength values increases.
“The Song of Words”: Teaching Multi-Word Units with Songs

The need to integrate songs into English Language Teaching (ELT) has been recognized on numerous occasions. Song lyrics host multi-word units which learners can reuse as building blocks in their English, thereby reducing language processing time and effort, and improving their fluency as well as idiomaticity, thus bringing them closer to the native speaker norm. We report on two studies into the effectiveness of using songs for teaching multi-word units to high-school Polish learners of English. The same items were taught to two groups of EFL learners, but only one of the groups heard them in a song. Learners’ vocabulary recall was measured at three points in time relative to the teaching: before, immediately after, and a week after. The group taught with songs showed a significant recall advantage over the other group, especially when tested a week from teaching. The results suggest that songs can be an effective vehicle for teaching English multi-word units. Keywords: song; English; vocabulary learning; multi-word units; formulaic language; positive psychology
Trauma, a preventable burden of disease in South Africa : review of the evidence, with a focus on KwaZulu-Natal

Trauma is a major burden of disease in lower- and middle-income countries, and to address the causes and treatment requires specialist services and multidisciplinary care. Despite this, governments have given trauma low priority as they have focused largely on primary health care. This chapter demonstrates the extensive burden of trauma in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and illustrates that the entire country experiences a similar disease burden. Recent data from numerous studies are used to provide insight into the options for establishing systems of quality trauma care and accreditation programmes for hospitals and systems. Current and optimal staffing of trauma-care facilities, compliance with minimum equipment standards, and the potential for patient harm are addressed. The authors show that trauma constitutes approximately 25% of the emergency workload at most public hospitals in KZN, where there is limited capacity for rehabilitation and lack of intensive care facilities. There is no defined trauma system and the existing resources at regional and tertiary public facilities are strained. The role of sound databases in providing numerical and outcome data is highlighted and a call is made for the establishment of a National Trauma Data Bank. The authors highlight the need for prevention programmes and draw attention to the cost implications of trauma care, noting the cost-benefit ratio of good trauma care compared with the litigation risk to government when such care cannot be provided.
Intellectual Capital, Bank Size, Bank Market Share, and Efficiency of Conventional Banks in Indonesia (Capital intelectual, tamaño del banco, participación en el mercado bancario y eficiencia de los bancos convencionales en Indonesia)

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of intellectual capital, bank size, and market share on the efficiency of commercial banks in Indonesia from 2013 to 2017. The results of a panel data analysis of two models show that intellectual capital (calculated simultaneously or individually per component), bank size, and market share have a significant effect on bank efficiency, as confirmed by a fixed-effect regression model. Said model indicates that the year-to-year effect of the independent variables is influenced by individual bank differences. In other words, dissimilar characteristics of banks’ intellectual capital and its components determine the effect of said variables on bank efficiency. Likewise, the asset ownership and market share of banks also distinguish their behavior in terms of bank efficiency.
Validation of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery questionnaire

Background: Nowadays most of pathologies of skull base are treated by endoscopic endonasal approach. This technique have comparable outcomes with the microscopic approach, less complications than external approach, and a hospital stay reduction. Quality of life assessment in patients with skull base tumors is important because of the complexity of surgery and associated significant morbidity. Multiple instruments have to be used to assess the quality of life of these patients because of a lack of a single ideal metric to measure symptom and endoscopic morbidity. Objectives: The aim of this study is to create and validate a new questionnaire of quality of life to assess the quality of life of patients operated by endoscopic endonasal approach for the extirpation of skull base tumors, and to use it as a tool to assess the stability of quality of life of these patients. Methods: The study will be a creation and validation of a quality of life questionnaire performed at Clinica Teknon and Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Relevant questions will be generated from a review of literature and interviews with health professionals, surgeons, patients and caregivers. The pool of questions will be reduced using a likert-type response scale to patients that have already been operated, and using standard psychometric criteria. Using a factor analysis the domains will be identified. Using a non-probabilistic consecutive sampling, 35 patients will be recruited in order to assess reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The internal consistency will be assessed using Cronbach α value and reliability using test-retest reliability. The validity of the construct will be assessed by testing if the clinical variable of the patient influences his quality of life domain score as hypothesized. Once created and validated, the questionnaire will be used prospectively to evaluate the stability of quality of life during 24 months to each of 35 patients that will be recruited from another non-probabilistic consecutive sampling. Final Goals: This unique and site-specific instrument would assess the quality of life of this patients more quickly and efficiently, would help to investigate possible predictors of functional outcome after surgery, and may help to guide the selection of optimal therapy, type of surgical approach, and reconstruction method and to implement measures that improve perioperative care of patient that dsire a fast functional and emotional recovery
Can Dividend Serve as a Disciplinary Mechanism? Evidence from Tunisia

The aim of this paper is to investigate the disciplinary role of dividend in the Tunisian context. Based on the agency theory predictions, we consider the effect of two conflicting model of dividend: the outcome and the substitute model. Using a sample of 440 firm-years listed on the Tunisian Stock Exchange over the period 1998-2007, our results highlight the deficiency of the disciplinary role of dividend. Empirical evidence shows that dividend policy is the result of large shareholders preferences. We find a positive relationship between dividend payout ratios and the voting powers of financial institutions and the second largest shareholder. In contrast, the control stakes of family and the largest shareholder are negatively related to the payout ratios. We also find a positive association between the free cash flow, the return on assets, the business sector and dividend to earnings ratio. Finally, we document a negative relationship between the debt ratio and dividend payouts. Taken together, our results are consistent with the outcome model of dividend policy.
The Effectiveness of Direct and Indirect Written Corrective Feedback on English Collocation Competency: A Quasi – Experiment

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of direct and indirect written corrective feedback (WCF) on English collocational competency of high-performing ESL learners. The study also sought to compare possible differences in the effect of two WCF strategies that help the researcher in identifying the appropriate WCF strategy in improving learners’ collocational competency in the context of the study. Additionally, retention effect of WCF is also investigated in delayed post-tests. Eighty-eight high-performing ESL learners of a public university participated in the quasi-experimental study of two experimental groups and one control group. A series of test namely pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test was administered to collect the data. The groups are labelled ‘Direct group’ that received direct WCF treatment (n=33), ‘Indirect group’ that received indirect WCF (n=25), and ‘Control group’ that received no treatment (n=25). A set of collocation test that was developed by Gyllstad (2009) was adopted and a pilot test was conducted prior to the actual study. The participants were tested in three point of time (pre-test, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test). The findings indicate that there is a positive effect of direct and indirect WCF strategies on collocational competence. Furthermore, direct WCF has the most effect in improving collocational competency of the participants. Finally, both WCF strategies are proven statistically in retaining their effects as demonstrated in the results of delayed post-test. Suggestion for future studies are also discussed.
FDG uptake in cancer: a continuing debate

 Corresponding authors: Lido Calorini MD, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Patologia e Oncologia Sperimentali, Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, I-50134 Firenze; Phone +39 0552751286; Fax +39 0552758411; e-mail: lido.calorini@unifi.it; and Francesca Bianchini PhD, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Patologia e Oncologia Sperimentali, Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, I-50134 Firenze; Phone +39 0552751310; Fax +390552758411; e-mail: francesca.bianchini@unifi.it
Deontic Moral Reasoning Task

Domain theory suggests that moral rules and conventions are perceived differently and elicit a different response. A special procedure was designed to test this hypothesis in a laboratory setting using a deontic reasoning task. The goal was to gain insight into the cognitive and metacognitive processes of deontic reasoning from simple deontic premises. In the 3x2x2 within-subjects design, we varied rule-content (moral, conventional, abstract), rule-type (obligation, permission) and the induced dilemma (punishment dilemma, reward dilemma). Participants (N = 78) were presented with 12 laws. After memorizing a law, eight cases were presented to participants so that they make a quick judgment. Participants were tasked with punishing rule-violators, ignoring rule-conformists, and rewarding rule-supererogation. Response times (RT) and accuracy were measured for each judgment, and final confidence was measured after a set of judgments. No differences were expected between rule-types, except for superior performance for moral content and punishment dilemmas. RT correlated negatively with confidence levels, while accuracy correlated positively. Moral reasoning was more accurate than conventional and abstract reasoning, and produced higher confidence levels. Better performance was found for punishment dilemmas than reward dilemmas, likely due to the presence of a cheater-detection module; but the differences were not found in moral reasoning. Moral reasoning was also independent of rule-type, while conventional and abstract reasoning produced superior performance in obligation-type than in permission-type rules. A large drop-off in accuracy was detected for rules that allowed undesirable behaviour, a phenomenon we termed the "deontic blind spot". However, this blind spot was not present in moral reasoning. Three lines of evidence indicate a qualitative difference between the moral and other deontic domains: (1) performance for moral content was independent of rule-type, (2) moral content produced an equal activation of violator- and altruist-detection modules, and (3) moral content produces higher levels of confidence.
Racism and Manipulation in Non-Standard Narratives: A CDA-Based Study of The Jerusalem Post’s Letters to the Editor

Much of the current research on letters to the editor within media literature centers on how well letters mirror the ideal of public involvement in discussions about current issues and the potential of this debate for a more deliberative sort of democracy (Young, 2011). This being the case, this CDA-based study attempted to find out how the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and Palestinians were discursively depicted in the letters to the editor published between December 6, 2017, and April 9, 2018, in The Jerusalem Post newspaper—an English and French Israeli newspaper. For this purpose, a systematic random sample of 25 letters to the editor were selected from the newspaper’s website. For answering the two questions developed for the purpose of this research paper, the following CDA analytical tools were utilized: presupposition, generalization, passivization, and structural oppositions. Based on the findings obtained from the study at hand, the texts analyzed were found on one hand ideological, biased, and manipulative in terms of depicting the Palestinian-Israeli conflict as an identity-based conflict; and contained covert racial prejudice against Palestinians on the other.
The human gut microbiome and its influence in mental health

in English, 250 words or less): Mental health problems affect 25% of the population, making it the leading cause of disability globally. Normal microbiota is related with healthy states, however changes in its composition (called dysbiosis) is linked with non-healthy pathologies. In this project we explored the influence of the gut microbiota on the occurrence of non-healthy mental states using machine learning approaches, enterotype classifications and univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Among the demographic characteristics we found differences between the mental illness states in the ethnicity (p = 0.04), sex (p = 0.004), irritable bowel disease (p < 0.001), etc. We found lower levels of Firmicutes and higher levels of Bacteroidetes and a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut of people with mental issues. People with mental illness has a lower alpha diversity index in their gut in comparison with healthy people (p = 0.002). The beta diversity analysis presented different centroids regarding the mental states statistically measured by the PERMANOVA test (p = 0.032). The best machine learning predictor was Random Forest with an accuracy of 0.62. However, because of we mixed the different mental disorders with a different biological background, probably creating noise, the prediction results of the machine learning algorithms do not have better performances. In conclusion, more efforts are necessary in the use of machine learning algorithms with microbiome information, because of the potential that these methods have in the classification and/or prediction of certain pathologies. Also, higher Firmicutes and lower Bacteroidetes could be risk factor in the occurrence of a mental illness.