Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of small-scale forest management on fungivorous Coleoptera in old-growth forest fragments in southeastern Ontario, Canada

Fungivorous Coleoptera were sampled from old-growth and managed (selectively logged in 1999) hemlock–hardwood forests in southeastern Ontario to examine the effect of small-scale forest management on fungivore diversity in forest fragments. Sampling using flight-intercept traps and trunk-window traps for 22 weeks in 2003 yielded 11 888 beetles representing 73 species in 11 target families (Anthribidae, Cerylonidae, Endomychidae, Erotylidae, Leiodidae, Mycetophagidae, Scaphidiidae, Sphindidae, Tenebrionidae, Trogossitidae, and Zopheridae). The leiodid subfamily Leiodinae was the dominant taxon (10 386 individuals, 38 species). While old-growth stands had no recent logging and had higher volumes of coarse woody debris, species diversity and composition of fungivorous Coleoptera were similar between forest types, suggesting that the stand differences measured (recent logging history, volume of coarse woody debris) did not have a significant effect on beetle diversity in this study. Indicator species analysis showed that Triplax macra LeConte (Erotylidae) was strongly associated with old-growth stands, while Anisotoma blanchardi (Horn), Anogdus obsoletus (Melsheimer), Agathidium sp. 1 (Leiodidae), and Mycetina perpulchra (Newman) (Endomychidae) were associated with managed stands. The lack of difference observed between stand types may be related to the small size of the forest fragments or the relatively small scale of the disturbance.
The Genome of the Softshell Clam Mya arenaria and the Evolution of Apoptosis

Abstract Apoptosis is a fundamental feature of multicellular animals and is best understood in mammals, flies, and nematodes, with the invertebrate models being thought to represent a condition of ancestral simplicity. However, the existence of a leukemia-like cancer in the softshell clam Mya arenaria provides an opportunity to re-evaluate the evolution of the genetic machinery of apoptosis. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence for M. arenaria which we leverage with existing data to test evolutionary hypotheses on the origins of apoptosis in animals. We show that the ancestral bilaterian p53 locus, a master regulator of apoptosis, possessed a complex domain structure, in contrast to that of extant ecdysozoan p53s. Further, ecdysozoan taxa, but not chordates or lophotrochozoans like M. arenaria, show a widespread reduction in apoptosis gene copy number. Finally, phylogenetic exploration of apoptosis gene copy number reveals a striking linkage with p53 domain complexity across species. Our results challenge the current understanding of the evolution of apoptosis and highlight the ancestral complexity of the bilaterian apoptotic tool kit and its subsequent dismantlement during the ecdysozoan radiation.
Endothelial progenitor cells with stem cells enhance osteogenic efficacy.

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based bone tissue engineering is a promising treatment option for maxillary sinus augmentation. Rapid vascularization is necessary to enhance the osteoinductive efficacy and prevent necrosis of the tissue-engineered bone. This study investigated whether the co-autotransplantation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) could significantly enhance the in vivo osteogenic efficacy of MSCs and prevent necrosis of the tissue-engineered bone in a maxillary sinus augmentation model in dogs. METHODS We evaluated the in vitro osteogenic activities of a clinically-used scaffold-deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss) by examining cell adhesion and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. In vivo, sinus augmentations were performed identically on both sides of dogs (n = 3 per group) using three treatment groups: (A) Bio-Oss with MSCs and EPCs; (B) Bio-Oss with MSCs; and (C) Bio-Oss with EPCs. The tissue implants were evaluated 24 weeks post-implantation. RESULTS In vitro, co-application of EPCs and MSCs on Bio-Oss significantly enhanced adhesion and ALP activity. In vivo, co-autotransplantation of MSCs and EPCs resulted in a significantly higher height, compressive strength, bone volume density, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number and a significantly lower trabecular separation compared with the other groups. The fluorescent test showed co-autotransplantation caused a significantly higher mineral apposition rate than the other groups. Histomorphometric analysis showed co-application resulted in the highest rate of new bone formation. Newly formed bone was frequently in the center of the implants with EPCs and MSCs, but not the other implants. CONCLUSIONS Co-autotransplantation of EPCs and MSCs significantly enhanced the in vivo osteogenic efficacy, suggesting promising potential for sinus augmentation.
Clinical outcome of exclusive endoscopic tympanoplasty with porcine small intestine submucosa in 72 patients

This study reports 6-month follow-up hearing results and graft take rate of 72 patients diagnosed with simple chronic otitis media receiving transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasty with porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) xenograft (Biodesign). This xerograft eliminates donor site morbidity and reduces the operation time of graft harvesting. Hence, SIS provides a relatively convenient and time-saving method to pursue a tissue graft for perforations repair. Results showed an overall success rate of 94.7% for perforation closure. SIS graft take rate was comparable to that of allografts (such as temporalis fascia and cartilage). In addition, there were significant postoperative improvements in air-conduction threshold and air-bone gap at 0.5-4 kHz. No recipient experienced immune reactions in this study. All except four tympanic membrane perforations completely healed within 3 months postoperatively. Exclusive transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasty with porcine SIS represents a good choice for tympanic membrane perforation repair. Moreover, it provides good hearing results.
When does attrition lead to biased estimates of alcohol consumption? Bias analysis for loss to follow‐up in 30 longitudinal cohorts

Survey nonresponse has increased across decades, making the amount of attrition a focus in generating inferences from longitudinal data. Use of inverse probability weights [IPWs] and other statistical approaches are common, but residual bias remains a threat. Quantitative bias analysis for nonrandom attrition as an adjunct to IPW may yield more robust inference.
Association of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio With Pulmonary Function in a 30-Year Longitudinal Study of US Veterans

Key Points Question Is the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) associated with lung function decline and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk at the population level? Findings This cohort study of 1549 US veterans with more than 30 years of follow-up found that higher NLR was associated with lower lung function and higher chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk. Additionally, NLR was associated with AHRR hypomethylation, the top DNA methylation signature of lung function changes, which may mediate the adverse association of NLR-related inflammation with lung function. Meaning These findings suggest that NLR may be a useful, readily obtainable, and inexpensive tool to identify people with high risks of lung function impairment and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Effect of (60Cobalt) gamma rays on growth and root rot diseases in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.).

Present investigation showed that gamma rays influences suppressive effect on root rot fungi such as Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Fusarium spp. , and inducive effect on growth parameters of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Seeds of mung bean were treated with gamma rays ( 60 Cobalt) at time periods of 0 and 4 minutes and stored for 90 days at room temperature to determine its effect on growth parameters and infection of root infecting fungi. All treatments of gamma rays enhanced the growth parameters as compared to untreated plants. Infection of M. phaseolina, R. solani and Fusarium spp. , were significantly decreased on mung bean seeds treated with gamma rays. Gamma rays significantly increased the growth parameters and controlled the root rot fungi upto 90 days of storage of seeds.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Suggest Strength Training and Workplace Modifications May Reduce Neck Pain in Office Workers

Neck pain is a burdensome musculoskeletal disorder in office workers. Workplace interventions aim to prevent and minimize the effect of neck pain and improve work quality. However, the summed effect of workplace interventions on neck pain in office workers remains unclear. This systematic review with meta‐analysis and meta‐regression evaluated the summed effect of workplace interventions on neck pain in office workers.
Halosulfuron Helps Control Several Broadleaf Weeds in Cucumber And Pumpkin

Field experiments were conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to investigate PRE and POST applications of halosulfuron-methyl in combination with clomazone plus ethalfluralin for control of several broadleaf weeds in cucumber and pumpkin. Halosulfuron was applied PRE or POST to cucumber and pumpkin at 9, 18, and 27 g ai/ha in combination with a PRE application of clomazone at 175 g ai/ha plus ethalfluralin at 630 g ai/ha. Halosulfuron applied POST at 27 g/ha in combination with clomazone plus ethalfluralin controlled weed species greater than 62%. Smooth pigweed control by addition of halosulfuron at 27 g/ha PRE or POST was greater than 88%, and common ragweed control was greater than 78% PRE and 88% POST, but control of ivyleaf morningglory and tall morningglory was 43 to 67% PRE and 62 to 76% POST. Cucumber injury with addition of halosulfuron did not exceed 13% PRE or POST, but pumpkin was injured as much as 43% with addition of halosulfuron PRE and 27% by POST applications. In a separate study without clomazone plus ethalfluralin PRE, smooth pigweed up to 13 cm tall was controlled 83% by halosulfuron at 27 g/ha in 2000, but rapidly growing smooth pigweed 15 to 40 cm tall was controlled only 58% in 2001. Cucumber and pumpkin yields were not affected by halosulfuron rate but were higher than yields produced by cucumber and pumpkin treated with only the mixture of clomazone plus ethalfluralin. In these studies, cucumber and pumpkin were tolerant to halosulfuron at 9 to 27 g/ha PRE or POST, making this herbicide acceptable for use in combination with clomazone and ethalfluralin for controlling several common weed species. Nomenclature: Clomazone; ethalfluralin; halosulfuron; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (L.); ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth; cucumber, Cucumis sativus (L.) ‘Dasher II’; pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima (Duch.) ‘Appalachian’.
A DISTINCTIVE NEW SPECIES OF TYRANT FLYCATCHER (PASSERIFORMES: TYRANNIDAE: CNIPODECTES) FROM SOUTHEASTERN PERU

Abstract We describe a distinctive new species of twistwing (Tyrannidae: Cnipodectes) from southeastern Peru. Despite extensive ornithological research in the region, this species has escaped notice, which suggests that it may be restricted to larger blocks of forest dominated by bamboo (Guadua spp.), a habitat poorly surveyed in Amazonia. Currently known from only a few sites in the departments of Madre de Dios and Cuzco, the species appears to be a Guadua specialist, though its life history is very poorly known. To date, the only other species of Cnipodectes, C. subbrunneus (Brownish Twistwing), is not known from most of southeastern Peru. Una Nueva Especie Distintiva del Género Cnipodectes (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae) del Sureste de Perú
Seed germination of common weed species as affected by oxygen concentration, light, and osmotic potential

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of oxygen concentration (21, 10, 5, and 2.5%), exposure to light, and osmotic potential on the germination of wheat, canola, and various weed species. Germination of most species increased as osmotic potential was increased. Seed germination for some species like barnyardgrass was inhibited by the combination of exposure to normoxic (21% oxygen) conditions and light. This combination of conditions may function as a signal to prevent soil surface germination. Wild mustard germination increased with increasing oxygen concentration when seeds were not exposed to light, whereas green foxtail germination was relatively insensitive to oxygen concentration. Wild oat germination increased with increasing osmotic potential, and osmotic potential had a greater influence when the seeds were exposed to light. Dandelion, foxtail barley, curly dock, and perennial sowthistle germination was affected more by osmotic potential and light exposure than by oxygen concentration. A better understanding of the mechanisms of depth detection for specific species will lead to a better understanding of their recruitment biology. This information may help model the potential for invasion and proliferation of each species as well as devise improved management strategies. Nomenclature: Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli L. ECHCG; catchweed bedstraw, Galium aparine L. GALAP; curly dock, Rumex crispus L. RUMCR; dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber TAROF; foxtail barley, Hordeum jubatum L. HORJU; green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVI; perennial sowthistle, Sonchus arvensis L. SONAR; wild mustard, Brassica kaber (D.C.) L. C. Wheeler SINAR; wild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFA; canola, Brassic napus L. ‘Liberty’; spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘AC Barrie’.
Egg‐laying Yellow Fever Mosquitoes avoid sites containing eggs laid by themselves or by conspecifics

Dave D. Chadee, ~ Philip S. Corbet 2 & J. J. D. Greenwood 3 1 Insect Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, 3 Queen Street, St. Joseph, Trinidad, West lndies; 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Zoology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; 3 British Trust for Ornithology, Beech Grove, Station Road, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 5NR, United Kingdom
Quantifying temperature-equilibrium time using temperature analysis inside a Farmer ionization chamber

Abstract In this study, we propose a methodology for temperature determination of the temperature and pressure correction factor, PTP, by analyzing the temperature distribution of the modeled ionization chamber taking into account the thermal effect of a water phantom on neighboring materials in the process. Additionally, we present an appropriate temperature-equilibrium time for conducting measurements. The temporal response in the cavity is acquired at 20-s intervals using a Farmer ionization chamber and an electrometer. The initial temperature of the water phantom is 20–25°C with continuous heating/cooling. The temporal response is measured until temperature equilibrium is confirmed, specifically when a temperature difference of 1–5°C is observed between the ionization chamber and the water phantom. Using an ionization-chamber model, temperature distribution is simulated between 20 and 25°C with various parameters set to receive heating and cooling from surrounding media. The results suggest that the temporal response of the ionization chamber essentially coincides with the temperature change at the tip and middle; moreover, the predicted temperature change for temporal response and the simulated temperature of water are different by ~0.16°C at the tip and ~0.79°C at the bottom. Overall, the temperature-equilibration time for absorbed dosimetry is affected by two factors: the cavity wall and the stem side of the cavity; moreover, 400 s is required to obtain complete temperature equilibrium in the water phantom. This analytical study supports the experimental value obtained in previous research. Therefore, analytical representation of the temperature distribution in the ionization chamber is possible.
Impact of total body irradiation‐ vs chemotherapy‐based myeloablative conditioning on outcomes of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia

The optimal myeloablative conditioning (MAC) for patients undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo‐HCT) is unknown. We studied the outcomes of total body irradiation (TBI) vs chemotherapy (CT) based MAC regimens in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The study included 1008 patients who underwent first haplo‐HCT with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide, following TBI (N = 89, 9%) or CT (n = 919, 91%) based MAC. Patients in the TBI cohort were younger (median age, 38 vs 47 years, P < .01) and more likely to receive BM graft (57% vs 43%, P = .01). Two‐year overall chronic GVHD (cGVHD) incidence was 42% vs 27% (P < .01) and extensive cGVHD incidence was 9% vs 12% (P = .33) in TBI and CT cohorts, respectively. Graft failure was reported in two (2%) TBI‐ and 65 (7%) CT‐MAC recipients (P = .08). Death from veno‐occlusive disease was reported in one (3%) TBI and 11 (3%) CT patients who died during the study period. In the multivariate analysis, TBI was associated with increased risk for overall cGVHD (hazard ratio = 1.95, 95% confidence interval:1.2‐3.1, P < .01) compared to CT‐based MAC. The choice of conditioning regimen did not impact relapse incidence, leukemia‐free survival, non‐relapse mortality, overall survival or GVHD‐relapse‐free survival in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, major transplant outcomes were not statistically different between TBI‐based MAC and CT‐based MAC in patients with AML after haplo‐HCT/PTCy.
Comparison of the cytotoxic effects of β-sitosterol oxides and a cholesterol oxide, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, in cultured mammalian cells

Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation. The objective of the present study was to assess the potential toxic effects of β-sitosterol oxides on U937 cells. The effects of increasing concentrations (0-120 μM) of β-sitosterol oxides on cellular cytotoxicity, apoptosis, anti-oxidant status and genotoxicity was assessed over 12, 24 and 48h exposure periods. Following 12h, the viability of cells treated with 120 μM-β-sitosterol oxides was reduced to 51·7% relative to control. At 24 and 48 h, both 60 and 120 μM-β-sitosterol oxides caused a significant decrease in cell viability. For comparison, a decrease in viability of cells treated with a cholesterol oxide, 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OH, 30 μM), was evident at 24 h. An increase in apoptotic cells, assessed using Hoechst 33342, indicates that the mode of cell death in U937 cells following exposure to 7β-OH (30 μM) and β-sitosterol oxides (60 and 120 μM) was by apoptosis. The increase in apoptotic cells after 12h following treatment with 120 μM-β-sitosterol oxides was accompanied by a decrease in cellular glutathione. Similarly, 7β-OH (30 μM) treatment resulted in decreased glutathione at 12 h. Catalase activity was not affected by any of the treatments. β-Sitosterol oxides had no genotoxic effects on U937 and V79 cells as assessed by the comet and sister chromatid exchange assays respectively. In general, the results indicate that thermally oxidised derivatives of β-sitosterol demonstrate similar biological effects as 7β-OH in U937 cells, but at higher concentrations.
Comparison of bacterial maxillary sinus cultures between odontogenic sinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis

Bacterial odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is distinct from other forms of rhinosinusitis. Diagnosing ODS can be challenging because of nonspecific clinical presentations and underrepresentation in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare maxillary sinus bacterial cultures between patients with ODS and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), to determine whether certain bacteria are associated with ODS.
Ribosome collisions trigger cis-acting feedback inhibition of translation initiation

Translation of aberrant mRNAs can cause ribosomes to stall, leading to collisions with trailing ribosomes. Collided ribosomes are specifically recognised by ZNF598 to initiate protein and mRNA quality control pathways. Here we found using quantitative proteomics of collided ribosomes that EDF1 is a ZNF598-independent sensor of ribosome collisions. EDF1 stabilises GIGYF2 at collisions to inhibit translation initiation in cis via 4EHP. The GIGYF2 axis acts independently of the ZNF598 axis, but each pathway’s output is more pronounced without the other. We propose that the widely conserved and highly abundant EDF1 monitors the transcriptome for excessive ribosome density, then triggers a GIGYF2-mediated response to locally and temporarily reduce ribosome loading. Only when collisions persist is translation abandoned to initiate ZNF598-dependent quality control. This tiered response to ribosome collisions would allow cells to dynamically tune translation rates while ensuring fidelity of the resulting protein products.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZERS AND FYM ON MICROBIAL POPULATION OF SOYBEAN FIELD (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERRILL)

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is an all famous oil seed as well as pulse crop which contains 40-44 % protein, 20 % oil and many other nutrients. A field experiment was conducted to know the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and fungi and FYM on microbial population of soybean field during Kharif season 2009-10. Among treatments, Aspergillus awamori and Bacillus polymixa were used as seed treatment @ 20 g/kg seed and phosphorus levels were given through SSP (50 and 25 % P 2 O 5 ) and FYM levels (5 and 2.5 t/ha) as applied into the soil. Seed treatment with A. awamori increased fungal (25.25 and 29.06 cfu x 10 3 /g) and actinomycetes population (23.44 and 26.19 cfu x 108/g) while B. polymixa increased phosphate solubilizing bacterial counts (21.37 and 23.31 cfu x 10 6 /g) significantly at 30 and 60 DAS, respectively. Application of FYM (5 t/ha) had significantly increased the fungi (22.21 and 27.25 cfu x 103/g), actinomycetes (20.37 and 23.77 cfu x 108/g), bacterial (30.55 and 36.02 cfu x 10 6 /g) and PSB population (18.42 and 21.30 cfu x 10 6 /g) in the soybean field at 30 and 60 DAS, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of Aspergillus awamori (20 g/kg seed) and FYM (5 t/ha) are better to increase microbial population as well as yield attributes of soybean in the field.
Expression of CINC-2β Is Related to the State of Differentiation of Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Alveolar epithelial cells are among the first cells to encounter inhaled particles or organisms. These cells likely participate in the initiation and modulation of the inflammatory response by production of chemokines. However, there is little information on the extent or regulation of chemokine production by these cells. Rat type II cells were studied under differentiated and dedifferentiated conditions to determine their ability to express and secrete CXC chemokines. Both differentiated and dedifferentiated type II cells secreted MIP-2, MCP-1, and CINC-2 in response to a cytokine mixture of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ or to IL-1β alone. The cytokine mixture also induced iNOS expression and nitrite secretion. Both differentiated and dedifferentiated type II cells expressed CINC-1 (GRO), CINC-2α, CINC-3 (MIP-2), and MCP-1 mRNA, and their expression was increased by the cytokine mixture or by IL-1β alone. However, CINC-2β, a splice variant of CINC-2, was only expressed under differentiated conditions stimulate.