Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview of China Climate Change over the 20th Century Using UK UEA/CRU High Resolution Grid Data

The operational observations in China started in 1951.The availabity of instrumental observations is poor in the first half of the 20th century.Therefore,it is difficult to use them in discussing long-term climate change issue.Although a number of proxy data could be used,the deficiencies are apparent,such as the coarse temporal and spatial resolution,etc.The University of East Anglia recently released the latest version of high resolution grid dataset,named as CRU-TS2.1. It is a completely covered monthly dataset of surface climatic variables.Compared with domestic observations,it has some merits concerning China climate change over the 20th century.Firstly,this dataset provides new information of the climate change over western China before 1950.Although it should be noted that the records are interpolated from observations,the results show significant correlation with the observation in the second half of the 20th century.Secondly,CRU dataset provides monthly mean fields,while domestic century-scale series is just annual mean or seasonal mean data in the first half of the 20th century.Moreover,there are not any proxy data included in the construction of this dataset,which can bring noise and uncertainty.Hence,comparison between the CRU dataset and domestic observations is the way to verify the characteristics of China climate change during the 20th century and to validate the quality of the dataset in both China and UK. The results are as follows:(1) The interannual temperature variation is identical in both datasets.Their positive correlation coefficient is 0.84. They slightly differ from each other in the 1920s,when CRU underestimates the warming change in China,and therefore overestimates the warming trend of the whole century. (2) Even in the given 10 regional scales,both CRU and domestic data exhibit good consistency,apart from Tibet and Xinjiang areas.About one celsius degree bias is estimated by CRU in Tibet during the 1920s,which is the major difference from the reconstructed record. (3) The seasonal variability of precipitation over eastern China is identical in both series.The highest correlation coefficient(0.93) for 100 years among the four seasons is in autumn,while winter is the season that their correlation is the lowest one(0.77). (4) CRU data exhibits appropriate interdecadal variation of temperature and precipitation as shown in China records.Particularly,CRU dataset also presents some primary features before 1951,especially in western China,where and when no observational data can be available.Therefore,CRU high resolution grid data present a more complete picture of climate change in China over the 20th century.
Using stratiform magnetic anomalies to map near-surface architecture: insights from the Amadeus Basin

ABSTRACT The Amadeus Basin displays subtle magnetic anomalies that trace strata for considerable distance, highlighting complex folding patterns. Magnetic modelling techniques can be utilised on these stratiform anomalies to extrapolate the near-surface structure of the basin. However, because of the mathematical trade-off between the dip and magnetisation of bodies, the dips of the bodies cannot be known unless the magnetisation is also known. Normally it would be optimal to measure the magnetisation, but this is not always possible or feasible. In this study, we investigate the relationships between dip and magnetisation using an approach that would generally be considered a little backward, i.e. constraining magnetisation direction using geological data. Three study areas were chosen to investigate a number of stratigraphic horizons, the Waterhouse Range, Glen Helen and Ross River areas. Modelling results suggest that some layers primarily retain induced magnetisation, remanence is dominant in others, but both are present in most. Remanence is mainly associated with relatively oxidised units that contain only hematite (e.g. Arumbera Sandstone), and we have demonstrated that these magnetisations predate folding of the Ross River Syncline. In some cases, the anomalies represent redox zonation within units, e.g. the Pertatataka Formation near Glen Helen, where discrete magnetic layers correspond to thin grey (reduced, magnetite-rich) horizons interbedded with more prevalent red (oxidised, hematite-rich) horizons. We also found that where magnetised units are relatively thin and occur near the surface, their magnetic response is sharp, and in aeromagnetic data such adjacent anomalies commonly overlap to form a single anomaly, thus misrepresenting the magnetic field, and mis-mapping the actual magnetic horizons. While the magnetic properties of the causative bodies are variable, we have demonstrated that a better understanding of the magnetic properties of these magnetised horizons can be used to provide insights into the structure and tectonic history of the Amadeus Basin.
The Role of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Myogenesis

Among other functions, the Notch signaling prevents the differentiation [4] of muscle progenitor cells into mature muscle in animals. The Notch signaling pathway is a pathway in animals by which two adjacent cells within an organism use a protein named Notch to mechanically interact with each other. Myogenesis is the formation of muscle that occurs throughout an animal's development, from embryo to the end of life. Throughout the life of an organism, Notch signaling prevents the differentiation [4] of muscle progenitor cells into muscle cells. Such preventions help maintain populations of progenitor cells that can remain dormant until the growth or regeneration of muscle is necessary, at which point the Notch signal to muscle progenitor cells is disrupted, and those progenitor cells differentiate into myotubes and eventually mature muscle. Without Notch signaling, myogenesis proceeds prematurely and dissipates before mature muscle can form.
Ecotoxic response of Rhizobium sp. to the commonly used pesticides (paraquat and dichlorvos)

This study investigated the 96-hour ecotoxicity response of Rhizobium sp. to paraquat and dichlorvos at application concentrations ranging from 0.01 mg/L to 100 mg/L. The test organism was isolated and enumerated using yeast extract mannitol agar. Paraquat proved to be more toxic than dichlorvos based on the toxicity parameters established using probit regression analysis. Rhizobium sp. showed no growth (100% mortality) at the higher concentrations of 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L for paraquat; for dichlorvos, this absence of growth was only seen at the highest application concentration of 100 mg/L. Overall, Rhizobium sp. tolerated the insecticide, dichlorvos, better than the herbicide, paraquat. At the lowest concentration of 0.01 mg/L, it displayed moderate tolerance indices of between 0.534 and 0.589 for both pesticides. At 0.1 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L pesticide concentrations, the 96-hour tolerance indices obtained were less than 0.39, indicative of very low tolerance. Neither pesticide was tolerated at 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L. Statistical comparisons of the tolerance indices between the two pesticides and from one pesticide concentration to the other showed significant differences both within and the between groups (p≤0.05). The median lethal concentrations (LC50) were 0.0158 mg/L and 0.0350 mg/L for paraquat and dichlorvos, respectively. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and no observed effect concentration (NOEC) were 0.0011 and 0.0027, respectively for paraquat and 0.0017 and 0.0047, respectively for dichlorvos. The results indicated that pesticides have adverse acute effects on key microbial ecosystem service providers like Rhizobium sp. and should, thus, be used with restraint.
Modélisation analogique de la distribution et du style de déformation dans des chaînes d’avant-pays à niveaux de décollement multiples (évaporitiques et frictionnels) : interactions cinématiques et structurales

Le style et la distribution de la deformation dans les chaines d’avant-pays peuvent varier le long de la chaine et entre l’avant- et l’arriere-pays en raison de facteurs tels que l’heritage tectonique, la stratigraphie du bassin ou l’intensite des processus de surface. Dans cette these, nous avons dans un premier temps etudie la dynamique structurale d’une chaine se propageant vers un domaine sedimentaire presentant des sequences lithologiques contrastees. Nous avons notamment analyse l’evolution tectonique de deux series de modeles analogiques ou un niveau de decollement visqueux de largeur variable a ete introduit en position de decollement basal ou interstratifie. Dans les deux cas, les resultats mettent en evidence des interactions structurales et cinematiques entre les provinces pourvues et depourvues du niveau de decollement visqueux. Ces interactions concernent notamment la sequence de propagation de la deformation et le style structural de la chaine, tant en surface qu’en profondeur. Ces resultats sont compares a des exemples naturels tels que les chaines de Kuqa (Chine) ou les Salt Range (Pakistan). Nous avons dans un second temps etudie l’impact des processus de surface sur le partitionnement amont-aval de la deformation au travers de l’exemple du chevauchement de Chazuta dans le bassin de Huallaga (Perou). Les resultats experimentaux indiquent que le deplacement exceptionnel accommode par ce chevauchement et la forte epaisseur d’evaporites allochtone qu’il transporte dependent de 1) une sedimentation syntectonique en biseau, 2) la presence d’un synclinal a l’arriere du chevauchement poussant les evaporites vers l’avant et 3) l’erosion du front de deformation.
Elevated Platelet Galectin-3 and Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Activity Are Associated with Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Shunt Dysfunction among Subjects with Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction Hyperglycemia is a major factor in influencing the patency rate of arteriovenous shunts, potentially associated with the RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. Besides, galectin-3 mediates thrombotic mechanisms in venous thrombosis and peripheral artery disease. We hypothesized that high ROCK activity and galectin-3 levels are associated with arteriovenous shunt dysfunction. Methods We prospectively enrolled 38 patients diagnosed with arteriovenous shunt dysfunction. 29 patients received a complete follow-up and each provided two blood samples, which were collected at the first visit for occluded status of arteriovenous shunts and 1 month later for patent status. A Western blot assay for a myosin phosphatase target subunit (MYPT) was performed to examine Rho-kinase activity. A Western blot assay for platelet galectin-3 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for circulating galectin-3 were completed. Results Higher platelet MYPT ratios and galectin-3 levels were identified at occluded arteriovenous shunts (MYPT ratio: 0.5 [0.3–1.4] vs. 0.4 [0.3–0.6], p = 0.01; galectin-3: 1.2 [0.4–1.6] vs. 0.7 [0.1–1.2], p = 0.0004). The plasma galectin-3 binding protein ELISA was also higher at occluded arteriovenous shunts (8.4 [6.0–9.7] μg/mL vs. 7.1 [4.5–9.1] μg/mL, p = 0.009). Biomarker ratios (occluded/patent status) trended high in patients with poorly controlled diabetes (MYPT ratio: 1.7 [1.0–3.0] vs. 1.1 [0.7–1.3], p = 0.06; galectin-3: 1.6 [1.3–3.4] vs. 1.1 [0.8–1.9], p = 0.05). Conclusion High platelet ROCK activity and galectin-3 levels are associated with increased risk in arteriovenous shunt dysfunction, especially in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.
Role of Mitochondrial ROS for Calcium Alternans in Atrial Myocytes

Atrial calcium transient (CaT) alternans is defined as beat-to-beat alternations in CaT amplitude and is causally linked to atrial fibrillation (AF). Mitochondria play a significant role in cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and Ca signaling through redox environment regulation. In isolated rabbit atrial myocytes, ROS production is enhanced during CaT alternans, measured by fluorescence microscopy. Exogenous ROS (tert-butyl hydroperoxide) enhanced CaT alternans, whereas ROS scavengers (dithiothreitol, MnTBAP, quercetin, tempol) alleviated CaT alternans. While the inhibition of cellular NADPH oxidases had no effect on CaT alternans, interference with mitochondrial ROS (ROSm) production had profound effects: (1) the superoxide dismutase mimetic MitoTempo diminished CaT alternans and shifted the pacing threshold to higher frequencies; (2) the inhibition of cyt c peroxidase by SS-31, and inhibitors of ROSm production by complexes of the electron transport chain S1QEL1.1 and S3QEL2, decreased the severity of CaT alternans; however (3) the impairment of mitochondrial antioxidant defense by the inhibition of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase with NBD-Cl and thioredoxin reductase-2 with auranofin enhanced CaT alternans. Our results suggest that intact mitochondrial antioxidant defense provides crucial protection against pro-arrhythmic CaT alternans. Thus, modulating the mitochondrial redox state represents a potential therapeutic approach for alternans-associated arrhythmias, including AF.
Lightning Flash and strike-point Density in Belgium

This paper presents a map of lightning flash density Ng and lightning strike-point density Nsg in Belgium, taking into account the measured values recorded by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, spanning 11 years (2001-2011). Due to the actual efficiency of lightning location systems (LLS) and the average number of strike-points per flash, it is assumed that N sg equals twice Ng.
Artificial Intelligence in Obstetric Anomaly Scan: Heart and Brain

Background: The ultrasound scan represents the first tool that obstetricians use in fetal evaluation, but sometimes, it can be limited by mobility or fetal position, excessive thickness of the maternal abdominal wall, or the presence of post-surgical scars on the maternal abdominal wall. Artificial intelligence (AI) has already been effectively used to measure biometric parameters, automatically recognize standard planes of fetal ultrasound evaluation, and for disease diagnosis, which helps conventional imaging methods. The usage of information, ultrasound scan images, and a machine learning program create an algorithm capable of assisting healthcare providers by reducing the workload, reducing the duration of the examination, and increasing the correct diagnosis capability. The recent remarkable expansion in the use of electronic medical records and diagnostic imaging coincides with the enormous success of machine learning algorithms in image identification tasks. Objectives: We aim to review the most relevant studies based on deep learning in ultrasound anomaly scan evaluation of the most complex fetal systems (heart and brain), which enclose the most frequent anomalies.
Differential Effects of Two Isocaloric Healthy Diets on Postprandial Lipid Responses in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Background. High blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the postprandial period have been shown to be more closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting values in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary changes are the primary determinants of postprandial lipid responses. Methods. We investigated the effects of an isocaloric multifactorial diet, rich in n-3 PUFA, MUFA, fiber, polyphenols, and vitamins, compared to an isocaloric diet, containing the same amount of MUFA, on the postprandial lipid response in T2D individuals. Following a randomized, controlled, parallel group design, 43 (25 male/18 female) T2D individuals were assigned to an isocaloric multifactorial (n = 21) or a MUFA-rich diet (n = 22). At the beginning and after the 8 weeks of dietary intervention, the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol were detected at fasting and over a 4-h test meal with the same composition as the prescribed diet. Results. The concentrations of fasting plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol did not change after both diets. Compared with the MUFA diet, the 8-week multifactorial diet significantly lowered the postprandial response, which was evaluated as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC), of triglycerides by 33% (64 ± 68 vs. 96 ± 50 mmol/L·240 min, mean ± SD, respectively, p = 0.018), total cholesterol by 105% (−51 ± 33 vs. −25 ± 29, p = 0.013), and non-HDL cholesterol by 206% (−39 ± 33 vs. −13 ± 23, p = 0.013). Conclusions. In T2D individuals, a multifactorial diet, characterized by several beneficial components, improved the postprandial lipid response compared to a MUFA diet, generally considered a healthy diet being reduced in saturated fat, and probably contributed to the reduction of cardiovascular risk.
EVALUATION OF THE CONDYLAR POSITION IN RELATION TO THE DIFFERENT MALOCCLUSIONS OF A STUDENT POPULATION

Studying the position of the condyle in the glenoid cavity is an important aspect of achieving the diagnosis and the treatment plan in dentistry. The posterior position of the condyle in the glenoid cavity is not a completely reliable predictor of the lack or appearance of disc displacement, although they are related (1). The TMJ is a small joint with a complex morphology surrounded by bony tissues that create a superimposition of images, especially in the petrous region of the temporal bone, the mastoid process and the articular eminence (1). Studies on the ideal position of the condyles have shown that the healthiest condyle-fossa relationship in which the condyle is centered anteriorly in the mandibular fossa. The following research aims to evaluate the condylar position in relation to different malocclusions of thirty-two students of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca.The research has a quantitative approach, carried out by means of numerical analysis. The population used was thirty-two students from the Faculty of Odontology in the University of Cuenca, aged between 21 and 29 years, who underwent cone beam computed tomography. The research was carried out as a descriptive retrospective sample and provides systematic information. The research used is of a primary source, using CBCT scans obtained from an image bank at the CERIOM Radiology Centre in the city of Cuenca, and the tomographic examination will be imported in DICOM format into the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software (64-bit).
Memorization and discussion methods effect on achievement and communication skills

This study aimed to determine learning outcomes and discuss the effect of the combination of memorization and small group discussion methods on students’ achievement and communication skills. A quantitative method was applied in this study with a quasi-experimental design. The subject of this study is 60 students in Islamic Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training (FTIK) at the Pontianak State Institute for Islamic Studies, divided into a control and an experimental group. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test from the control and experimental groups and then analyzed using the independent samples t-test using statistical software JASP version 0.16. 4. The findings revealed that there are differences between outcome learning and communication skills between the control group which only uses the small group discussion method and the experimental group which employs a combination of memorization and small group discussion methods in the course of developing Islamic Education material. The findings of this study confirm that combining the two methods, memorization, and small group discussion, is highly effective in improving learning achievement and communication skills at the student level. Further research is suggested to explore and determine other factors affecting learning outcomes and methods.
Analysis of Drugs Prescribed to Elderly Patients in a Tertiary Health Care Center in Raipur, Central India: An Observational Study

Background Most elderly patients suffer from multiple diseases and are on multiple drugs for treatment. Polypharmacy in the elderly, physiological changes with old age, changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of many drugs, and newer drug prescription trends for diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease make drug prescribing in the elderly more difficult. There are many chances of drug-drug interactions with easily available over-the-counter (OTC) medications. To prevent the irrational use of drugs in the elderly, there is a need for prescription analysis studies. Prescription analysis studies will help in finding errors in prescriptions and also change trends in the use of medication among the elderly. Methodology This cross-sectional observation study was conducted on 234 elderly patients to investigate medicine use patterns among the geriatric patients attending the Medicine Outpatient Department in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Drug data were collected from the study participants after obtaining written informed consent and analysed, including demographic details, personal history, disease history, and details of the drug, including the generic name of the drug, dose and duration of therapy, and prescription pattern. The proportions of drugs prescribed for different diseases were analysed. Also, the drugs were analysed as per their pharmacological profiles. Results and interpretation A total of 1298 drug prescriptions were analysed in this study. Of the total participants, 60.26% were male, 35% were unemployed, 53% were retired, and 27% were taking OTC herbal medications. Most of the patients included in this study were suffering from diabetes, hypertension, and other comorbidities. Telmisartan and telmisartan in combination with other drugs were the most commonly encountered prescription drugs, i.e., 24% among the cardiovascular drugs. Aspirin and statins alone or in combination were the most commonly encountered prescriptions, i.e., 27.88% of the drugs used for prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion This study showed a prescription pattern for the elderly and highlighted precautions to be taken with some of the prescribed drugs. As polypharmacy is observed with elderly prescriptions, possible drug interactions must be taken into account. Regular prescription analysis of drugs prescribed to the elderly will help in the appropriate and rational use of drugs.