Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les nématodes parasites des racines associés Au riz en Basse-Casamance (Sénégal) et en Gambie

Au cours d’une enquete SUT les Nematodes radicicoles parasites du riz au Senegal et en Gambie, 82 echantillons ont ete etudies, dont 6’7 en Basse-Casamance (Senegal) et 15 en Gambie. Les trois types de rizieres existant en Basse-Casamance ont presente entre eux des differences sensibles tant dans les peuplements que dans les populations de Nematodes parasites du riz. Les rizieres de mangrove ainsi que certaines rizieres moyennes en sont pratiquement exemptes, probablement a cause des phenomenes de sulfatoreduction dont elles sont le siege. Les rizieres moyennes hebergent un petit nombre d’especes a la fois frequentes et abondantes alors qu’elles sont sensiblement plus nombreuses dans les rizieres hautes. En Basse-Casamance, les especes frequentes et abondantes sont : Tylenchorhynchus mashoodi, Hirschmanniella spinicaudata, Criconemoides palustris, Xiphinema bergeri, Heterodera spp. Pratylenchus SP. , Paratylenchus sp. et Trichodorus spp. alors qu’en Gambie une seule repond a ces criteres : Hirschmanniella oryzae.
Tests of the Genetic Bases of Character Differences Between Helenium virginicum and H. autumnale (Asteraceae) Using Common Gardens and Transplant Studies

To determine whether Helenium vlrginicum is distinct from H. autumnale, we compared morphological and ecological characters of more than 450 seed-grown plants from six populations of H. virginicum and nine populations of H. autumnale in common and transplant gardens. Populations compared were selected after we surveyed more than 1,000 herbarium sheets from eight herbaria in search of populations of H. autumnale most similar to H. virginicum, as well as populations rep- resenting the range of morphological variation of H. autumnale in the eastern U.S. Six narrow-leaved H. autumnale populations from New Jersey, Missouri, and Ontario, Canada, were chosen because of similarity to H. virgrnicum, while three populations of H. autumnale from Vermont and Virginia represented the broad-leaved form. Transplant gardens were H. autumnale habitats and H. virgrnicum habitats. We found H. virginicum to be distinct from both New Jersey narrow-leaved and broad- leaved H. autumnale in 14 of 15 morphological characters as well as in survival in transplant gardens. Twelve of 15 morphological characters, plus survival in transplant gardens, distinguished H. vir- grnicum from Canadian narrow-leaved H. autumnale. Future genetic and evolutionary studies are needed to clarify the relationship between H. virgrnicum and the Missouri population, which differed from H. virgrnicum in only three of 15 morphological characters and survived better in H. virginicum habitats than in H. autumnale habitats. Common-garden grown hybrids between H. virginicum and H. autumnale were easily recognizable by morphology and had reduced pollen fertility. Similar hybrids have not been observed in the field.
The clinical benefit of sequential therapy with androgen receptor axis‐targeted agents alone in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A propensity score‐matched comparison study

The optimal sequential therapy for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains unknown. In recent years, some doubts have emerged regarding the clinical benefit of sequential therapy with androgen receptor axis‐targeted agents (ART) such as abiraterone (ABI) or enzalutamide (ENZ) for patients with CRPC. We compared the effect of ART‐to‐ART (AA) sequential therapy after castration resistance with that of docetaxel (DTX)‐combined sequential therapy (ART to DTX or DTX to ART) in patients with CRPC.
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors and Their Associations With Transitional Life Events in Men and Women: Findings From an International Web-Based Sample

Background Although numerous studies have demonstrated sex differences in the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB), there is a clear lack of research examining the similarities and differences between men and women in terms of the relationship between STB, transitional life events, and the coping strategies employed after experiencing such events when they are perceived as stressful. Objective This study aims to examine the differences between men’s and women’s experiences of STB, sociodemographic predictors of STB, and how coping responses after experiencing a stressful transitional life event predict STB. Methods A web-based self-report survey was used to assess the health and well-being of a voluntary community-based sample of men and women aged 16 years and older, living in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, who were recruited using web-based social media promotion and snowballing. Results In total, 10,765 eligible web-based respondents participated. Compared with men, a significantly greater proportion of women reported STB (P<.001) and endorsed experiencing a transitional life event as stressful (P<.001). However, there were no gender differences in reporting that the transitional life event or events was stressful for those who also reported STB. Significant sociodemographic adjusted risk factors of STB included younger age; identifying as a sexual minority; lower subjective social connectedness; lower subjective intimate bonds; experiencing a stressful transitional life event in the past 12 months; living alone (women only); not being in employment, education, or training (women only); suddenly or unexpectedly losing a job (men only); and experiencing a relationship breakdown (men only). Protective factors included starting a new job, retiring, having a language background other than English, and becoming a parent for the first time (men only). The results relating to coping after experiencing a self-reported stressful transitional life event in the past 12 months found that regardless of sex, respondents who reported STB compared with those who did not were less likely to engage in activities that promote social connections, such as talking about their feelings (P<.001). Coping strategies significantly explained 19.0% of the STB variance for men (F16,1027=14.64; P<.001) and 22.0% for women (F16,1977=36.45; P<.001). Conclusions This research highlights multiple risk factors for STB, one of which includes experiencing at least one stressful transitional life event in the past 12 months. When individuals are experiencing such events, support from services and the community alike should consider using sex-specific or targeted strategies, as this research indicates that compared with women, more men do nothing when experiencing stress after a transitional life event and may be waiting until they experience STB to engage with their social networks for support.
Newborn Screening Practices and Alpha-Thalassemia Detection — United States, 2016

Alpha-thalassemia comprises a group of inherited disorders in which alpha-hemoglobin chain production is reduced. Depending on the genotype, alpha-thalassemia results in moderate to profound anemia, hemolysis, growth delays, splenomegaly, and increased risk for thromboembolic events; certain patients might require chronic transfusions. Although alpha-thalassemia is not a core condition of the United States Recommended Uniform Screening Panel* for state newborn screening programs, methodologies used by some newborn screening programs to detect sickle cell disease, which is a core panel condition, also detect a quantitative marker of alpha-thalassemia, hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. The percentage of Hb Bart's detected correlates with alpha-thalassemia severity. The Association of Public Health Laboratories' Hemoglobinopathy Workgroup conducted a survey of state newborn screening programs' alpha-thalassemia screening methodologies and reporting and follow-up practices. Survey findings indicated that 41 of 44 responding programs (93%) report some form of alpha-thalassemia results and 57% used a two-method screening protocol. However, the percentage of Hb Bart's used for thalassemia classification, the types of alpha-thalassemia reported, and the recipients of this information varied widely. These survey findings highlight the opportunity for newborn screening programs to revisit their policies as they reevaluate their practices in light of the recently released guideline from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) on Newborn Screening for Hemoglobinopathies (1). Although deferring to local programs for policies, the report used a cutoff of 25% Hb Bart's in its decision tree, a value many programs do not use. Standardization of screening and reporting might lead to more timely diagnoses and health care services and improved outcomes for persons with a clinically significant alpha-thalassemia.
Magnetopriming effects on arsenic stress induced morphological and physiological variations in soybean involving synchrotron imaging.

The present study investigates the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) pre-treatment in ameliorating arsenic (As) toxicity in soybean plants in relation to growth, photosynthesis and water transport through leaf venation. Soybean (Glycine max variety JS-9560) seeds pre-treated with SMF (200 mT for 1 h) were grown in four levels of arsenate-polluted soil (As[V]; 0, 5, 10 and 50 mg kg-1 ) in order to find out the impact of magnetopriming on plant tolerance against As toxicity. Quantitative image analysis of soybean leaf venation showed a narrowing in the width of midrib with increasing As(V) contamination in non-primed seeds. The morphological variations are also supported by the physiological parameters such as reduction in efficiency of photosystem II, plant performance index, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate in the presence of As(V) for non-primed seeds. However, remarkable increase was observed in all the measured parameters by SMF pre-treatment at all the concentrations of As(V) used. Even for the highest concentration of As(V) (50 mg kg-1 soil), SMF pre-treatment caused significant enhancement in plant height (40%), area of third trifoliate leaves (40%), along with increase in width of the midrib (17%) and minor vein (13%), contributing to increase in the water uptake, that resulted in higher primary photochemistry of PSII (12%), performance index (50%), stomatal conductance (57%) and photosynthetic rate (33%) as compared to non-primed ones. Consequently, magnetopriming of dry seeds can be effectively used as pretreatment for reduction of As toxicity in soybean plants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Hypertension prevalence, associated factors, treatment and control in rural Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

Introduction Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a surge in the burden of hypertension, and rural communities are increasingly affected by the epidemic. Objectives We aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension in rural communities of the Baham Health District (BHD), Cameroon. In addition, we sought to assess awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension among community members. Design A community-based cross-sectional study. Setting Participants from five health areas in the BHD were recruited from August to October 2018. Participants Consenting participants aged 18 years and above were included. Results We included 526 participants in this study. The median age of the participants was 53.0 (IQR=35–65) years and 67.1% were female. The crude prevalence of hypertension was 40.9% (95% CI=36.7–45.1) with no gender disparity. The age-standardised prevalence of hypertension was 23.9% (95% CI=20.3–27.5). Five-year increase in age (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.34; 95% CI=1.23–1.44), family history of hypertension (AOR=2.22; 95% CI=1.37–3.60) and obesity (AOR=2.57; 95% CI=1.40–4.69) were associated with higher odds of hypertension after controlling for confounding. The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 37.2% (95% CI=31.0–43.9), 20.9% (95% CI=16.0–26.9) and 22.2% (95% CI=12.2– 37.0), respectively. Conclusion The high prevalence of hypertension in these rural communities is associated with contrastingly low awareness, treatment and control rates. Age, family history of hypertension and obesity are the major drivers of hypertension in this community. Veracious policies are needed to improve awareness, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control of hypertension in these rural communities.
History of Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus spp.) In New Mexico

Abstract We report the known pre-settlement distribution of Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) in New Mexico, the late Pleistocene fossil record of Centrocercus in the state, the only known specimen from New Mexico, and review the introduction of nonnative greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) into the state. Fossil bones of sage-grouse have been reported from San Juan, Sandoval, Grant, Hidalgo, and Doña Ana counties, indicating a former widespread distribution. Sage-grouse were uncommon to rare in New Mexico based on reports of observers and travelers through the state prior to 1900, with only one known specimen. The last known report of the native sage-grouse in New Mexico was from near Chama in about 1912. At least 326 greater sage-grouse were transplanted into Taos (175), Rio Arriba (103), and San Juan (48) counties between 1933 and 1969 by the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; all of these introductions failed.
Role of eosinophils in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of COVID‐19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic, which has severely affected global public health security. However, the diagnosis and treatment of the disease need further exploration. Therefore, this retrospective analysis was conducted on multiple indicators of peripheral blood in patients with COVID‐19 to determine the role of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of COVID‐19. Baseline information and clinical records of 40 patients were collected, including demographic data, disease status, medication, and laboratory routine. The correlation between the inspection indicators and disease classification, as well as prognostic factors, was analyzed. Decreased eosinophils were detected in 33 out of 40 patients with COVID‐19 on admission, while lymphocytes and eosinophils were inversely related to the severity of the disease, according to the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Thus, it could be deduced that eosinophils have better sensitivity for the diagnosis of COVID‐19 and play a major role similar to lymphocytes in assessing the prognosis of patients.
Time-resolved single-cell assay for measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species upon exposure to ambient particulate matter.

Health risks associated with exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) are a major concern around the world. Adverse PM health effects have been proposed to be linked to oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro cellular assays can provide insights into components or characteristics of PM that best account for its toxicity at cellular level. However, most current assays report cell population averages, and are mostly time endpoint measurements thus provide no temporal information. This poses limitations on our understanding of PM health effects. In this study, we developed a microfluidic assay that can measure cellular ROS responses at the single-cell level and evaluate temporal dynamic behavior of single cells. We first established a protocol that enables culturing cells in our microfluidic platform and that can provide reproducible ROS readouts. We further examined the heterogeneous ROS responses of cell populations and tracked the dynamics of individual cellular responses upon exposure to different concentrations of PM extract. Our results show that in an alveolar macrophage cell line, cellular ROS responses are highly heterogeneous. ROS responses from different cells can vary over an order of magnitude, and large coefficients of variation at each timepoint measurement indicate a high variability. The dynamic behavior of single-cell responses is strongly dependent on PM concentrations. Our work serves as a proof-of-principle demonstration of the capability of our microfluidic technology to study time-resolved single-cell responses upon PM exposure. We envision applying this high-resolution, high-content assay to investigate a wide array of single-cell responses (beyond ROS) upon exposure to different types of PM in the future.
The UroLift® System for lower urinary tract obstruction: patient selection for optimum clinical outcome

Abstract Introduction The minimally invasive UroLift® System procedure in moderate-to-severe benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) refractory to medical treatment may be superior over other prostate procedures regarding its preserved sexual function post-operatively. We aimed to optimise patient selection criteria for the UroLift® System. Material and methods Fifty-one men that underwent UroLift® System surgery were retrospectively reviewed over >24 months. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of UroLift® System, pre-operatively and at three, six, 12, and 24 months post-operatively, assessing the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPPS), urinary flow rates (Qmax), post void residual (PVR) bladder scan volumes and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Adverse events were assessed by Clavien-Dindo Classification. Results The 51 men undergoing UroLift® System had a success rate of 92.2% over 2 years, with improvements in Qmax, IPSS and PVR. IIEF was preserved in all cases. Adverse events were Clavien-Dindo grade 1, most commonly mild-to-severe dysuria (19.6%), and resolved spontaneously. Four patients failed to improve. Conclusion Patient-related selection criteria to optimise the UroLift® System clinical outcomes include age, Qmax, PVR urine, median lobe, PSA levels, prostate volume, IPSS and IIEF scores. The UroLift® System is safe and effective in moderate-to-severe BPH refractory to pharmacological treatments and avoids retrograde ejaculation.
The synergetic effect of alcohol consumption and cigarettes per day on smoking outcomes expectancies among Latinx adult smokers

Abstract The present study investigated alcohol consumption and cigarettes per day in relation to smoking outcome expectancies among Spanish-speaking Latinx daily smokers (N = 371). There was a significant interaction between alcohol consumption and number of cigarettes per day on positive smoking expectancies. Specifically, alcohol consumption has a stronger association with positive expectancies for smoking at lower rates of cigarettes per day. No such interaction was evident for negative consequence smoking expectancies. The current study highlights the potential importance of alcohol consumption and smoking rate for better understanding smoking outcome expectancies among Latinx smokers.
Radioactive Stent for Malignant Esophageal Obstruction: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: To compare the relative clinical efficacies of radioactive and normal stent insertion methods as a means of treating patients suffering from malignant esophageal obstruction (MEO). Materials and Methods: The Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the date of inception through to July 2020. RevMan v5.3 was used for all data analyses. Results: This meta-analysis included six RCTs that included a total of 194 patients who had undergone radioactive stent insertion and 209 who had normal stent insertion. There were no significant differences in pooled improvement of dysphagia scores (P = .40), rates of stent restenosis (24.7% versus 28.7%, P = .35), stent migration (3.3% versus 4.4%, P = .61), severe chest pain (22.8% versus 20.3%, P = .61), hemorrhage (11.0% versus 9.8%, P = .80), or fistula formation (6.1% versus 4.2%, P = .55) between two groups. The pooled time to restenosis (P < .00001) and survival (P < .00001) were significant longer in the radioactive stent group. Significant heterogeneity was detected in the endpoint of improvement of dysphagia score (I2 = 89%; P = .0002). Funnel plot analyses did not detect any evidence of publication bias pertaining to the selected study endpoints. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that radioactive stent insertion can prolong stent patency and survival for patients with MEO compared with normal stent insertion.
The impact of a deliberate practice workshop on therapist demand and support behavior with community volunteers and simulators.

The present study used a newly developed simplified coding system, the Therapist Demand and Support Code, to examine specific therapist behaviors in the context of a previously conducted training trial on Deliberate Practice (DP). The parent trial randomized trainees to a DP workshop or its Traditional, more didactic counterpart (Westra et al., 2020). In both groups, trainees were taught to use Support, rather than Demand, for managing ambivalence and resistance, with the DP group having more feedback and practice. In this study, 68 trainees interviewed both an ambivalent community volunteer and an ambivalent simulator 4 month post workshop. The DP group was found to exhibit significantly fewer Demand behaviors than the Traditional group, with the latter also being significantly quicker to use Demand in the interviews. Moreover, the simulator evoked significantly greater Demand from therapists, regardless of the Training group, suggesting the simulators were more resistant. Although therapist use of Support was equal for community volunteers across training groups, Traditional workshop trainees decreased Support when interviewing the more resistant simulators, whereas DP trainees increased their Support with this same group. This is consistent with findings that DP trainees were more appropriately responsive, making fewer Demands following interviewee counterchange talk and using more Support at these times. These results provide some initial validation of the simplified therapist behavior coding system and offer further evidence for the benefits of DP workshop training for managing resistance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Gold Metallodrugs to Target Coronavirus Proteins: Inhibitory Effects on the Spike‐ACE2 Interaction and on PLpro Protease Activity by Auranofin and Gold Organometallics**

Abstract Gold complexes have a long tradition in medicine and for many examples antirheumatic, anticancer or anti‐infective effects have been confirmed. Herein, we evaluated the lead compound Auranofin and five selected gold organometallics as inhibitors of two relevant drug targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS‐CoV). The gold metallodrugs were effective inhibitors of the interaction of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) host receptor and might thus interfere with the viral entry process. The gold metallodrugs were also efficient inhibitors of the papain‐like protease (PLpro) of SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2, which is a key enzyme in the viral replication. Regarding PLpro from SARS‐CoV‐2, the here reported inhibitors are among the very first experimentally confirmed examples with activity against this target enzyme. Importantly, the activity of the complexes against both PLpro enzymes correlated with the ability of the inhibitors to remove zinc ions from the labile zinc center of the enzyme. Taken together, the results of this pilot study suggest further evaluation of gold complexes as SARS‐CoV antiviral drugs.