Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highly Variable Precambrian Fluvial Style Recorded In the Nelson Head Formation of Brock Inlier (Northwest Territories, Canada)

Abstract Spectacular canyon exposures of the ∼ 1 Ga Nelson Head Formation along the modern Brock River, Northwest Territories, provide a rare opportunity to assess the deposits of pre-vegetation, braided to sinuous-channelized fluvial systems. We analyze the sedimentology, architecture, and depositional evolution of 16 stacked fluvial-channel belts at this site, demonstrating greater variability in sedimentary style and morphodynamics than is typically interpreted for Precambrian rivers. Inferences on fluvial planview based on integrated analysis of depositional architecture and paleoflow reveal complex patterns of channel-planform evolution, and four depositional stages are recognized: (1) floodbasin-splay progradation with bounding episodes of eolian reworking; (2) deposition in wandering-channel belts characterized by deep anabranches and prominent lateral accretion; (3) progressive shift towards shallow, braided-channel belts confined within alluvial valleys and dominated by downstream accretion; and (4) deposition by marine-influenced braided-channel belts with mixed downstream, lateral, and upstream accretion. Overall, the studied fluvial-channel belts point to significant morphodynamic complexity and geomorphic variability, challenging the assumption that all pre-Silurian rivers shared poor channelization and low sinuosity. Observed channel bodies also have width:thickness ratios strongly overlapping with those of rivers postdating the rise of vegetation. In both wandering- and braided-channel belts, complex patterns of channel migration, bar accretion, and dissection were the result of co-acting processes such as development of transverse-velocity zones within the channels, local paleoflow disturbance induced by depositional topography, and avulsion. In concert with the regional extent and paleoflow, and increasingly distal character of correlative stratigraphic units towards the northwest, the magnitude of the observed trunk-fluvial channels is consistent with a mature drainage capable of transecting the Laurentian craton over thousands of kilometers.
Forest management planning technology issues posed by climate change

Given the widespread attention paid to global climate change over the last decade or so, a potential need has arisen to develop forest management plans for broad areas that address vulnerabilities and complexities in the environment with respect to potential changes in air temperature and precipitation patterns. These planning issues include recognizing potential range shifts in forest vegetation, changes in land uses, and changes in the growth and yield of forest tree species, particularly along the leading or trailing edges of the shifting ranges. In addition to assessing traditional forestry concerns (production, sustainability, fragmentation, and ecosystem health), planning processes will likely one day incorporate natural disturbance regimes and the impacts of invasive species. As these are often unpredictable events, planning processes will therefore probably have numerous stochastic processes that suggest the use of simulation models rather than the more popular deterministic mathematical programming models that are often used in forest planning today (e.g. linear programming). This review examines the changes that have occurred in forest planning since 2009, when a set of challenges facing forest planning, with respect to potential changes in the climate, were posed. We noted through a review of the literature that some areas of concern have received considerable attention of late (shifts in vegetation patterns, assessments of carbon sequestration, disaggregation of global climate model results), while other areas (e.g. natural disturbance modeling) have received less attention. These results relate directly to the use of concepts in forest planning rather than theoretical advancements along different lines of inquiry; therefore there may be some lag time involved in transitioning from theory to practice.
The Electromagnetic Response of a Conductive Inhomogeneity in a Layered Earth

A numerical model has been constructed to determine the three‐dimensional electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of a finite, thin, conductive plate buried in a horizontally stratified, conductive environment. The EM source is a rectangular loop. The problem is formulated as an integral equation for the electric field in the plate. However, to avoid certain numerical difficulties, the actual working variables are a pair of scalar potentials which represent divergence‐free and curl‐free current flows in the plate, and whose values are known at the nodes of a rectangular grid. The basic integral equation is then reduced to a set of linear equations which can be solved numerically.The cases modeled are a simulation of the Turam method. The models were a shallow plate and a deep plate in a conductive half‐space, a deep plate in an insulating host rock under a conductive layer, and a deep plate in a conductive host rock under a conductive layer. In all cases, the top of the plate was separated from the overbur.
The Role of Carrier Injection in the Breakdown Mechanism of Amorphous Al2O3 Layers

We investigated the dielectric breakdown (BD) mechanism in amorphous alumina (a-Al2O3) metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stacks. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that oxygen vacancy (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\text {O}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> generation in a-Al2O3 occurs via thermochemical (TC) bond-breaking and, more efficiently, via newly discovered pathways enabled by charge trapping in under-coordinated Al ions (UC<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text {Al}}\text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and in existing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\text {O}}\text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Multiscale simulations show the importance of these processes, which allow explaining the experimental BD dynamics in a-Al2O3, and provide valuable insights into the role of carriers’ injection in the degradation and reliability of high-k materials.
The Effect of Changes in the Aging Temperature Combined with Deep Cryogenic Treatment on the Structure, Phase Composition, and Micromechanical Properties of the WE43 Magnesium Alloy

This paper examines the optimal aging temperature of WE43 alloy that has undergone precipitation hardening in conjunction with deep cryogenic treatment. The microstructure and phase composition were investigated, a microanalysis of the chemical composition was performed, and instrumental indentation tests were performed to determine the parameters of the micro-mechanical properties of the alloy after different heat treatment variants. It has been proven that a decrease in the aging temperature from 250 °C to 225 °C and the introduction of a deep cryogenic treatment lead to favorable changes in the microstructure of the alloy (reduction in grain size, increase in the number, and change in the type of β-phase precipitates). The changes in the alloy structure achieved by lowering the aging temperature contribute to the improvement of the micromechanical properties of the test material. The most advantageous results were recorded for an alloy subjected to solution treatment and aged at 225 °C for 24 h with deep cryogenic treatment: a 30% increase in hardness, a 10% increase in Young’s modulus, an improvement in elastic properties, and increased resistance to deformation of the alloy were shown compared to the initial (as-received) state. Raising the aging temperature to 250 °C leads to a phenomenon known as alloy overaging for both alloys after classical precipitation hardening and after deep cryogenic treatment. The results indicate the significant effectiveness of the proposed heat treatment in improving the service life of the Mg-Y-Nd-Zr (WE43) alloy.
Deep-Sea Drilling into the Challenger Knoll, Central Gulf of Mexico

During the recent pioneering cruise of a deep-sea coring project, a series of holes was drilled into the deep floor of the Gulf of Mexico and the western North Atlantic. One of the holes, in the Sigsbee Knolls area of the central Gulf of Mexico, encountered salt-dome caprock saturated with oil, gas, and sulfur. The objectives of this coring project are scientific and the discovery of petroleum was not an intended part of the program, even though the possibility had been recognized. The results of drilling into the Challenger Knoll indicate that the Sigsbee Knolls and adjacent buried domes are diapirs derived from a mid-Mesozoic salt deposit, comparable in age and lithology with other major evaporite sequences within the Gulf of Mexico area. Marine geophysical data show that these diapirs are part of a belt which extends southwest into the saline basin of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Cores of caprock, recovered from more than 12,000 ft below sea level, contained a typical salt-dome caprock mineral assemblage of calcite, gypsum, and free sulfur (up to 19 percent). The petroleum is sulfur-rich and of low gravity, and geochemical data indicate that these hydrocarbons are immature, of fairly young age, and derived from marine organic material. Residual mineral assemblages--including quartz crystals--are comparable with those found in caprock elsewhere in the Gulf of Mexico region; similar quartz crystals are common in the mid-Mesozoic Louann Salt. All sediments above the caprock are pelagic clays and calcareous organic oozes of late Tertiary age (late Miocene and younger). The presence of these sediment types indicates that the Challenger Knoll has been topographically above the surrounding sea floor at least since late Miocene time. In contrast, the turbidite-rich sequence cored beneath the adjacent abyssal plain shows that pelagic sediments constitute only a fourth to less than half the total late Miocene and younger section. The late Cenozoic pelagic deposits of Challenger Knoll and the turbidites appear to reflect major geologic events and significant changes in sediment provenance within the land area surrounding the Gulf of Mexico. The regional problem which probably will be debated most earnestly as a result of the Challenger Knoll coring is whether the salt underlying the knoll was deposited originally in a deep-sea environment, or on a crust which once was much shallower. This problem is of considerable geologic importance, and it can now be approached with a background of firm data.
Preventive Mechanism, Therapeutic Property,Pharmacokinetics And Benefitsof Asiatic Acid - A Triterpenoid Of Centella Asiatica In Alzheimer Disease: An In-Depth Review

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains the most prevalent form of age-related dementia worldwide, and it has no cure. Memory loss, difficulty communicating, depression, agitation, mood swings, and psychosis all develop gradually in this disorder. Reduced physical activity, infection, smoking, and the prevalence of diseases like obesity and diabetes all pose a risk for the development of AD. Current synthetic medications only alleviate symptoms by targeting a single molecule, so they can't deal with the complex pathogenesis of AD. The scientific community is actively working to characterise therapeutic agents derived from plants that have shown promise in the literature in treating AD due to their perceived efficacy, safety, and availability. Traditional Chinese medicine includes the use of the plant Centella asiatica for its purported benefits to cognitive performance and memory. Pentacyclic triterpenes are largely responsible for its therapeutic and medicinal effects, which include accelerated enhanced memory. These pentacyclic triterpenoids are asiaticoside and madecassoside as saponins and their aglycones, asiatic acids and madecassic acids. Amongst other triterpenoid Asiatic acid has several therapeutic properties against AD like anti-cholinesterase, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory. This review focused on the pathophysiology of AD followed by a detailed account on Asiatic acid and the research findings to date related to its mechanism of action on AD, advantage over other two terpenoid, BBB permeability, Pharmacokinetic, molecular docking and different therapeutic activities.
Small‐scale heterogeneities in the oceanic lithosphere inferred from guided waves

We analyze seismic waveforms from deep‐focus earthquakes occurring in the subducting slab beneath Japan, recorded by broadband ocean bottom seismometers (BBOBSs) installed on the northwestern Pacific Ocean seafloor. The data reveal waveforms with a low‐frequency direct P onset, followed by large‐amplitude, high‐frequency, long‐duration Po and So waves. From the analysis of the BBOBS records and a numerical finite‐difference method simulation of seismic wave propagation, we elucidate the generation and propagation processes of such guided waves. We demonstrate that the low‐frequency direct P and S waves propagate in the asthenosphere and that the following high‐frequency, long‐duration Po and So waves are developed by multiple forward scattering of P and S waves. The scattering occurs due to laterally elongated heterogeneities in both the subducting and horizontal parts of the oceanic lithosphere, with the apparent velocities (Vp = 8.1 km/s, Vs = 4.6 km/s) being close to the velocities of oceanic lithosphere.
How deformed are weakly deformed mudrocks? Insights from magnetic anisotropy

Abstract For over thirty years the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) has been exploited in rock fabric studies. Our knowledge of the mechanisms leading to magnetic fabric development in deformed rocks has grown substantially, even though some details are still under debate. This paper reviews recent developments in AMS studies applied to the characterization of early deformation stages in mudrocks. From the current data set of AMS in rocks deformed at low temperature and low pressure it is possible to revisit the concept of weakly deformed rocks. We contend that weak deformation in mudrocks and the appearance of magnetic cryptofabric are concatenated. Furthermore, magnetic anisotropy studies in weakly deformed rocks suggest that cleavage fabric, the most common planar fabric in deformed mudrocks, builds up gradually from the earliest stages of deformation rather than suddenly at some strain threshold.
Calcined Shale and Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Replacements for Calcium-Based Binders to Enhance Compaction Properties of Marine Clay

ABSTRACT Marine clay is a problematic soil; therefore, its properties have been improved by mixing calcium-based binders, with reinforcing components. However, these materials exhibit many shortcomings, and better options are sought. Calcined shale (CS) is frequently used in concrete as a supplementary cementitious material, but it has not yet been used in soil stabilization. This study investigates the partial replacement of lime in marine clay treatment with CS and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). This study comprises two parts. In Part (1), POFA – lime-treated marine clay was assessed to determine the optimum proportion of POFA. In Part (2), CS – POFA – lime-treated marine clay was evaluated to determine the optimum ternary blending mixtures through many tests. Results of Part (1) indicate that the optimum proportion of POFA is 5%. In Part (2), CS exhibits effective enhancement in the properties of marine clay, and the optimum mixture was 10% CS, 5% POFA, and 3% lime. When lime content was reduced from 5% to 1% through replacement with CS, maximum dry density and optimum water content increased by 1.7% and 5.2%, respectively. Hence, CS can be effectively used as a partial replacement for lime in marine clay treatment.
Mobile social media use and life satisfaction among adolescents: a moderated mediation model

Introduction Adolescence is a sensitive transitional period accompanied by great physical, mental, and behavioral changes. Therefore, maintaining physical and mental health is crucial to the growth and development of adolescents. As one of the important indicators of mental health, the influencing factors of life satisfaction have been widely concerned by scholars. In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet technology, mobile social media has penetrated into all aspects of adolescents’ life, which has a subtle impact on their physical and mental health. Existing studies have indicated that mobile social media use can affect adolescents’ life satisfaction. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms linking this association. This study developed a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of meaning in life and the moderating role of childhood psychological maltreatment. Methods A total of 1,198 adolescents across four provinces and municipalities of China completed questionnaires on mobile social media use, life satisfaction, meaning in life, and childhood psychological maltreatment. Results After controlling for gender and age, the results demonstrated that mobile social media use was positively associated with life satisfaction and meaning in life among adolescents. Moreover, meaning in life fully mediated the association between mobile social media use and life satisfaction. Finally, the association between mobile social media use and life satisfaction, as well as that between mobile social media use and meaning in life, was moderated by childhood psychological maltreatment. Specifically, these associations are stronger for adolescents with high levels of psychological maltreatment. Discussion These findings shed light on the important mechanism underlying mobile social media use’s effects on adolescents’ life satisfaction, which is helpful to formulate targeted measures for improving adolescents’ life satisfaction.
Climate Controls on US West Coast Erosion Processes

Abstract Erosion along the West Coast of the United States is affected by climate controls that include a trend of increasing wave heights during at least the past 25 years that might be related to global warming and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) range between El Niños and La Niñas that affects both annual wave conditions and monthly mean water levels that raise tidal elevations. These processes are analyzed for sites from Washington to south-central California, revealing a latitude dependence of the individual processes and how their combinations affect total water levels at the shore, which is important to beach and property erosion. Particularly significant on the coast of the Pacific Northwest (Washington and Oregon) has been the progressive decadal increases in deep-water wave heights and periods, which have increased breaker heights and elevated storm wave runup levels on beaches. Along the entire West Coast, the annual variations in wave conditions above and below any progressive decadal increase are controlled by the North Pacific index (NPI), the atmospheric pressure difference between the Hawaiian High and Aleutian Low, and the ENSO range, as demonstrated by a strong correlation with the multivariate ENSO index (MEI), with the highest wave conditions occurring during El Niños. In addition, the ENSO range is particularly important in controlling mean water levels, causing tides to reach their highest elevations during El Niños, again shown by correlations with MEIs along the entire West Coast. With El Niños producing increased deep-water wave heights, runup levels on beaches, and elevated tides, the total water levels at the shore from the combined processes are significantly higher compared with normal or La Niña years, resulting in episodes of major property erosion along the entire US West Coast.
Data report: consolidation properties of silty claystones and sandstones sampled seaward of the Nankai Trough subduction zone, IODP Sites C0011 and C0012

We conducted incremental loading and constant rate of strain consolidation tests on sediments recovered during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 322 from Sites C0011 and C0012, located seaward of the deformation front in the Nankai Trough subduction zone, southeast Japan. In total, five silty claystones and six sandstone samples from lithologic Units II–V were tested. The results document higher compressibilities for clay-rich specimens with compression indexes of Cc = 0.4829– 0.6905, whereas sandstones are characterized by values of Cc = 0.2257–0.4357. Maximum past effective stresses of silty claystones from Units II and III suggest a normal to slightly overconsolidated state. Samples from Units IV and V are significantly overconsolidated with overconsolidation ratios of 2.06–2.51. Vertical effective stresses of ~10 MPa are needed to force yielding nonvolcanic sandstones. These yield stresses are significantly higher than the calculated value of in situ hydrostatic vertical effective stresses. In contrast, volcanic sandstones yield at stresses close to the in situ hydrostatic effective stress. For all tested specimens, the logarithm of hydraulic conductivity K shows a linear relationship with void ratio, with sandstones exhibiting higher K values. Calculated in situ intrinsic permeabilities for silty claystones decrease with depth from 1.8 × 10 –17 m 2 at 377.81 m core depth below seafloor (CSF) to 8.5 × 10 –20 m 2 at 749.38 m CSF. In situ intrinsic permeabilities of sandstones do not show a clear trend but scatter between values of 1.3 × 10 –15 and 4.0 × 10 –17 m 2 .
Mining Aegilops tauschii genetic diversity in the background of bread wheat revealed a novel QTL for seed dormancy

Due to the low genetic diversity in the current wheat germplasm, gene mining from wild relatives is essential to develop new wheat cultivars that are more resilient to the changing climate. Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome donor of bread wheat, is a great gene source for wheat breeding; however, identifying suitable genes from Ae. tauschii is challenging due to the different morphology and the wide intra-specific variation within the species. In this study, we developed a platform for the systematic evaluation of Ae. tauschii traits in the background of the hexaploid wheat cultivar ‘Norin 61’ and thus for the identification of QTLs and genes. To validate our platform, we analyzed the seed dormancy trait that confers resistance to preharvest sprouting. We used a multiple synthetic derivative (MSD) population containing a genetic diversity of 43 Ae. tauschii accessions representing the full range of the species. Our results showed that only nine accessions in the population provided seed dormancy, and KU-2039 from Afghanistan had the highest level of seed dormancy. Therefore, 166 backcross inbred lines (BILs) were developed by crossing the synthetic wheat derived from KU-2039 with ‘Norin 61’ as the recurrent parent. The QTL mapping revealed one novel QTL, Qsd.alrc. 5D, associated with dormancy explaining 41.7% of the phenotypic variation and other five unstable QTLs, two of which have already been reported. The Qsd.alrc. 5D, identified for the first time within the natural variation of wheat, would be a valuable contribution to breeding after appropriate validation. The proposed platform that used the MSD population derived from the diverse Ae. tauschii gene pool and recombinant inbred lines proved to be a valuable platform for mining new and important QTLs or alleles, such as the novel seed dormancy QTL identified here. Likewise, such a platform harboring genetic diversity from wheat wild relatives could be a useful source for mining agronomically important traits, especially in the era of climate change and the narrow genetic diversity within the current wheat germplasm.