Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food-borne Bacteria: Occurrences, Multidrug Resistant Patterns and Susceptibility to Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Acalypha hispida (Linn)

The occurrence and susceptibility of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria obtained from food to aqueous leaf extracts of Acalypha hispida (ALEAH) were determined using standard bacteriological and disc diffusion methods. In rice, Total Heterotrophic Counts (THC), Total Coliform Counts (TCC) and Total Feacal Counts (TFC) ranged from 3.3x10 3 to 1.9x10 4 (CFU/g), 1.9x10 3 to 3.6x10 3 (CFU/g) and 1.0x10 2 to 1.6x10 2 (CFU/g), respectively. In ‘garri’, highest THC (2.0x 10 4 CFU/g),
Physicochemical characterization and label comparison among diet yogurts sold in the city of Limoeiro do Norte – CE

This work aimed at analyzing labels (based on the current legislation) and confirm the nutritional information given on the label of five brands of diet yogurt. The physicochemical analyses carried out were: moisture, minerals, proteins, lipids, reducing carbohydrates in lactose, non-reducing carbohydrates in sucrose, total carbohydrates, acidity and pH. All brands of diet yogurt had mandatory nutritional information on their label. As for content, only brands B and C are compliant with the current legal demands. The numbers found in the analyses for protein and carbohydrates were higher than the percentages shown on the labels in all brands. There were no numbers for lipids. Despite the differences found on the labels, all brands of diet yogurt are in accordance with the Identity and Quality Standards for Fermented Milk as for protein, acidity and fat content. There was a significant difference in the complementary analyses for moisture, minerals and acidity. Nevertheless, the numbers assigned to carbohydrates and protein were lower than the actual values determined in lab and, in some brands, carbohydrates were three times higher. Thus, despite presenting all the necessary information on the label, the companies are not concerned about showing the correct nutritional data to consumers.
Blossom Thinners Reduce Crop Load and Increase Fruit Size and Quality of Peaches

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of three blossom-thinning compounds on crop density and fruit quality of two peach cultivars. Treatments consisted of 15 ml·L -1 and 30 ml·L -1 ammonium thiosulphate, 30 ml·L -1 and 40 ml·L -1 decyl alcohol, and 40 ml·L -1 lime sulfur. Treatments were applied to 'Redhaven' and 'Harrow Diamond' peach trees at two phenological stages: 80%, and 100% full bloom in 2002 and 2003. In both years, treatments reduced the crop density in both cultivars, and in 2003 the amount of hand thinning required to adjust the crop load was significantly reduced. Fruit size from several blossom-thinned treatments was comparable with that observed from hand-thinned trees. However, treatments caused significant leaf phytotoxicity to 'Harrow Diamond' trees in 2003, likely a result of hand spray gun applications. These data indicate that chemical sprays at bloom can be used successfully to reduce fruit set, but are very environmentally, dose, and cultivar dependent.
Comparison of Culture, Xpert MTB/RIF and EZN staining method to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. The effective treatment of M. tuberculosis depends on early diagnosis. In this study, 1577 M. tuberculosis strains were evaluated retrospectively from clinical samples sent between March 2014 and June 2018. The rate of pulmonary samples was determined as 694 (44%). Positive sample rate was 74 (4.69%) in culture, 19 (1.20%) in EZN staining and 75 (4.75%) in Xpert MTB/RIF. Compared to standard culture, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the Xpert MTB / RIF system were 100%, 99.93%, 98.66% and 100%, respectively; The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of EZN were 57.36%, 100%, 100% and 96.46%, respectively. Early diagnosis and treatment of M. tuberculosis is of great importance. According to these results, it can be concluded that Xpert MTB / RIF is a fast and reliable system that can be used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and when used together with conventional tests, it can make important contributions to the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
PLASMA MINERAL PROFILE AND PREGNANCY STATUS IN BUFFALO SUBJECTED TO DOUBLESYNCH IN SUMMER AND WINTER SEASON

The buffalo subjected to doublesynch protocol in summer (n=20) and winter (n= 25) season were investigated for plasma Zn, Cu, Ca and P at the start of protocol and at AI. The pregnancy rate following protocol was 40% in summer and 48% in winter. In summer, plasma P was low (p 0.05). Plasma Zn, Cu and P were invariably high, both in pregnant and non-pregnant buffalo, at time of AI (p<0.05). In brief, plasma mineral profile was not apparently related to pregnancy outcome following doublesynch protocol in summer and winter season.
Does population distribution matter? Influence of a patchy versus continuous distribution on genetic patterns in a wind‐pollinated shrub

Uniform spatial population distributions are predicted to result in lower among‐population genetic differentiation and higher within‐population genetic diversity than naturally patchy distributions, but there have been surprisingly few attempts to isolate this effect from confounding factors. We studied the widespread wind‐pollinated shrub Allocasuarina humilis that is common in a geologically stable landscape characterized by long‐term population persistence to test the influence of semi‐continuous versus patchy population distributions on genetic patterns. We also investigated whether A. humilis shows the high population connectedness and genetic diversity typically associated with wind pollination, a relatively uncommon and little‐studied syndrome in this landscape.
Espécies de morcegos do Planalto de Conquista, Bahia, Brasil

he present study attained to make the first bat survey of the Conquista Plateau, Brazil’s northeast Atlantic rainforest, Bahia state. Bat species were sampled using mist-nets in 10 forest fragments, and resulted in 41 individuals of 13 species belonging to two families (Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae). Bats were also sporadically sampled in edges and cleared areas, and diurnal roosts were searched, which increased species number to 20. Artibeus gnomus , Micronycteris hirsuta, M. schmidtorum and Pygoderma bilabiatum had their distribution range extended.
Taxonomic status of large- and middle-sized Calomys (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from the southern central Andes inferred through geometric morphometrics of the skull

Calomys is one of the most polytypic and widely distributed genera of the Neotropical rodent fauna. The taxonomic hierarchy for the large- and middle-sized morphotypes from the southern central Andes (SCA; C. boliviae, C. callosus, C. fecundus, and C. venustus) has fluctuated repeatedly from synonyms or subspecies to valid species. As a first approach to the taxonomic resolution of the taxa complex of this genus inhabiting the SCA, we applied an integrative quantitative assessment of currently recognized species' cranial discrimination through the analysis of geometric morphometrics. The morphometric analyses revealed the presence of 3 distinct species of Calomys in northwestern and central Argentina. We corroborated the presence of a large amount of intraspecific variation with substantial overlap for the 3 species in the morphospace. The assessment indicates that 24% of skull size variation is due to differences among species. Calomys boliviae (including C. fecundus) was the largest among the studied species, whereas the differences were subtle between C. venustus and C. callosus. The relative contribution of interspecific differences to the total skull shape variation was lower than that of size and different among the cranial views—dorsal, ventral, and lateral—analyzed (between 8% and 16%). Moreover, static allometric size changes had a major effect on skull shape differences between species. So, including ecoregions and size-free shape, variables improved significantly the amount of interspecific differentiation. We highlight the usefulness of morphometric assessments to clarify and contribute to the taxonomy of Neotropical mice.
Flowering of Anthurium following Treatment with Gibberellic Acid

Table 1. Effect of light levels and GA3 concentrations (applied as a single foliar spray) on the mean number of inflorescences produced by two Anthurium scherzeranum cultivars. The data presented are from two separate experiments. Anthuriums are becoming popular “flowering” foliage plants as growers look for new crops to expand their markets. Advantages of anthurium are that they can be grown in environments similar to many other foliage plants, liners from tissue culture are available year round, attractive inflorescences can be produced continually under greenhouse conditions, and new cultivars developed for pot culture are becoming available. Anthurium inflorescences are normally produced by a dominant central stem initially and later by lateral stems, if produced. Cultivars with many lateral shoots, while desirable for pot culture, tend to flower later than those with strong apical dominance. Stimulating earlier flowering of lateral shoots could result in shorter production time and higher flower counts. Therefore, the following experiments were conducted using gibberellic acid (GA3) in an attempt to increase flower production of anthuriums. GA3 was chosen because it has been used previously to stimulate flowering of several other ornamental aroids (Henny, 1980, 1981, 1983). The first experiment was conducted using 105 plants of A. scherzeranum ‘Amazone’, 28 weeks from tissue culture, ≈ 10 cm high, and growing in 10-cm-diameter (0.45-liter) pots filled with a 1 pine bark : 1 Vergro Container Mix A (v/v) (Verlite Co., Tampa, Fla.). Plants were placed in a randomized block design in a shaded greenhouse with a temperature range of 18 to 32C and 110 umol·m -2·s-1 maximum light intensity under natural photoperiod in Apopka, Fla. Plants were fertilized with 2.5 g of 19-6-12 (NP2O5-K2O) Osmocote per pot applied on the soil surface. Gibberellic acid (ProGibb, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago) was applied at 0, 12.5, 250, 375, or 500 mg a.i./
The influence of sodium dichloroacetate on the oxidative processes in sarcoma 37.

AIM to study the activity of antioxidant enzymes and to evaluate an intensity of prooxidant processes in sarcoma 37 (S37) cells during tumor development and under influence of sodium dichloroacetate (SDA). METHODS Activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), SOD isoforms, catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LP) secondary byproducts were determined in S37 homogenated tissues of untreated mice and animals treated with SDA at daily dose of 86 mg/kg. RESULTS SDA treatment of S37-bearing mice resulted in the reduced activities of total SOD, SOD isoforms (especially Mn-SOD), Cat, GP and significantly decreased GSH content on the background of LP intensification in tumor tissue. CONCLUSION The observed changes of oxidative homeostasis in S37-bearing animals treated with SDA could be considered as an element of antitumor action of SDA.
Estimating age and age class of harvested hog deer from eye lens mass using frequentist and Bayesian methods

Estimation of the age or age class of harvested animals is often necessary to interpret the condition and dynamics of wildlife populations. The mammalian eye lens continues to grow until death and hence the dry mass of the eye lens has commonly been used to estimate the age of mammals. The method requires the relationship between eye lens mass and age to be parameterized using individuals of known age. However, predicting age is complicated by the curvilinear relationship between eye lens mass and age. We used frequentist and Bayesian methods to predict the ages and age classes of harvested hog deer Axis porcinus from eye lens mass. Deer were tagged as calves and harvested 4–177 months later in southeastern Australia. Lenses were extracted, fixed and oven-dried. Of the five growth models evaluated, the Lord model best described the relationship between age and eye lens dry mass (R2 = 95%). The precision of age predictions obtained using the Lord model in a Bayesian mode of inference decreased with increasing eye lens dry mass, with the size of the 95% CI equaling or exceeding predicted age for hog deer > 6 years. However, most predictions of hog deer age will have reasonable precision because few animals > 6 years are harvested. Linear discriminant analysis had high predictive power for classifying hog deer to four widely-used age classes (juvenile, yearling, prime-age and senescent). The Bayesian method is recommended for inverse non-linear prediction of age and the frequentist linear discriminant analysis method is recommended for estimating age class. We provide tables of correspondence between hog deer eye lens dry mass and predicted age and age class. Our statistical methods can be used to estimate age and age class for other mammalian species, including from other ageing techniques such as tooth eruption-wear criteria.
Dietary lipid requirements of larval genetically improved farmed tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and effects on growth performance, expression of digestive enzyme genes, and immune response

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance, antioxidant defense, and mRNA levels of digestive enzymes and immune genes in larval genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The results show that larvae fed lipid levels of 4–11.5% had greater weight gain (WG), feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and survival than larvae fed the other dietary lipid levels (P 0.05) but lipid contents increased as dietary lipid level was increased. The 8% and 11.5% dietary lipid levels had stimulatory effects on trypsin mRNA level compared with those of larvae fed the 15% and 18.5% lipid diets. Intestinal and liver amylase mRNA levels decreased in larvae fed the 18.5% lipid diet, following the decrease in dietary starch. Analysis of the secondary curve equation for WG indicated that the optimal dietary lipid level in larval tilapia was 8.56%. In addition, the 4–11.5% lipid levels improved superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and increased mRNA levels of heat shock protein70, hepcidin antimicrobial peptide-1, and C-type lysozyme in the liver of larvae (P < 0.05). A 192-h Streptococcus iniae challenge study was conducted after the 35-day feeding trial, and the results showed that post-challenge mortality of larvae fed the 11.5% lipid level was the lowest and enhanced the immune activities.
Genetic diversity and apple leaf spot disease resistance characterization assessed by SSR markers

Among the cultivation problems of apple production in Brazil, Apple Leaf Spot (ALS) disease represents one of the main breeding challenges. This study aims at analyzing the genetic diversity among 152 apple scion accessions available at the Apple Gene Bank of EPAGRI, located in Cacador, Santa Catarina/Brazil. Eleven genomic SSR loci were analyzed to assess genetic diversity of ALS resistant and susceptible accessions. Results revealed high genetic diversity of the studied accessions, being 120 exclusive alleles (67 unique) from scion accessions resistant to ALS, and a mean PIC of 0.823. The locus Probability of Identity (I) ranged from 0.017 to 0.089. The combined I was 4.11 x 10-16, and the Power of Exclusion was 99.99999259%. In addition, the DNA fingerprint patterns will contribute as additional descriptors to select parental for crosses and early identification of apple accessions for breeding purposes, and also for cultivar protection.
Light Thresholds for Apple Tree Canopy Growth and Development

Understanding canopy development of fruit trees is important to their management. The tree canopy physically supports the fruit crop. The leaf canopy intercepts light and produces carbohydrates used in growth and metabolic activity, Light distribution within the canopy affects fruit color and quality, and the rate and timing of canopy development affects pest infestation and control. Ultimately, then, canopy development relates to crop quantity and quality and, thus, economic yield of an orchard. The challenge to horticulturists is to manipulate and manage the tree canopy to maximize economic production. Light is an important aspect of canopy studies because of its role in photosynthesis, its function in developmental morphology of leaves and shoots, its role in flower initiation and fruit set, and its importance to fruit development and quality. Because effects of light can be influenced by the tree training system, pruning, or other mechanical means, such as shading, the question arises, How much light is needed to maximize orchard performance? The purpose of this paper is to review some of the relationships of light to apple tree physiology and performance. Two aspects of light and tree canopy development must be considered. First, interception of available light by the total orchard canopy is correlated to total biomass production of the crop system (Monteith, 1977). Second, penetration and/or distribution of light within a single tree canopy must be optimized for maximum tree performance and crop development.
Eating Quality of `Gala' and `Fuji' Apples from Multiple Harvests and Storage Durations

Eating quality of 'Gala' and 'Fuji' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from multiple harvests and storage durations was assessed using an untrained consumer panel. Apples were harvested at weekly intervals for 6 weeks and stored in air. Changes due to harvest maturity and storage for overall liking (OL), sweetness, tartness, firmness, and flavor intensity were evaluated over 8 months. A multivariate factor analysis revealed multicollinearity for OL, sweetness, and flavor intensity ratings in both cultivars. These attributes had the highest loadings in the first factor, explaining 51% and 52% of the variance of 'Gala' and 'Fuji' data sets, respectively, and were interpreted as a quality factor. Tartness and firmness had the highest loadings in the second factor for 'Gala', explaining an additional 23% of the variability and reducing that cultivar's data set to two factors. For 'Fuji', however, tartness and firmness were independent and included in factors 2 and 3, respectively. Factors 2 and 3 were interpreted as maturity factors, which explained 23% and 12% of the variance. The plots of the mean factor scores provided a multivariate technique to illustrate that panelists could differentiate between the stages of maturity of apples. Canonical correlations were calculated between the sensory and instrumental data. Only firmness measurements were correlated with sensory ratings for firmness (r = 0.53 and 0.44 for 'Gala' and 'Fuji', respectively).
The tangled link between β- and γ-diversity: a Narcissus effect weakens statistical inferences in null model analyses of diversity patterns

Understanding the structure of and spatial variability in the species composition of ecological communities is at the heart of biogeography. In particular, there has been recent controversy about possible latitudinal trends in compositional heterogeneity across localities (β-diversity). A gradient in the size of the regional species pool alone can be expected to impose a parallel gradient on β-diversity, but whether β-diversity also varies independently of the size of the species pool remains unclear. A recently suggested methodological approach to correct latitudinal β-diversity gradients for the species pool effect is based on randomization null models that remove the effects of gradients in α- and γ-diversity on β-diversity. However, the randomization process imposes constraints on the variability of α-diversity, which in turn force γ- and β-diversity to become interdependent, such that any change in one is mirrored in the other. We argue that simple null model approaches are inadequate to discern whether correlations between α-, β- and γ-diversity reflect processes of ecological interest or merely differences in the size of the species pool among localities. We demonstrate that this kind of Narcissus effect may also apply to other metrics of spatial or phylogenetic species distribution. We highlight that Narcissus effects may lead to artificially high rejection rates for the focal pattern (Type II errors) and caution that these errors have not received sufficient attention in the ecological literature.
Control of glyphosate-resistant Canada fleabane in soybean with preplant herbicides

Abstract: Thirteen herbicide tankmixes were evaluated during 2013–2015 for control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Canada fleabane in soybean. Glyphosate + saflufenacil + s-metolachlor/metribuzin, glyphosate + amitrole, and glyphosate + metribuzin were the most efficacious, controlling 86%–92% of GR Canada fleabane, reducing density by 98%–99% and aboveground biomass by 96%–97%.
Sélection pour le poids total de lapereaux par femelle et par an dans une souche de lapins Castor Rex

Nous avons etudie l'evolution genetique d'une population de lapins Castor Rex selectionnee durant 7 annees sur un critere global: le poids de lapereaux sevres par femelle et par an. Cette etude estime les parametres genetiques et le progres genetique de ce critere inedit a l'aide de la methode du maximum de vraisemblance et du BLUP modele animal. Huit cohortes ont ete analysees, soit 2 473 portees, avec pour les cinq dernieres une population temoin non selectionnee. On a trouve une heritabilite de 0,06 pour le critere global. La correlation entre le critere global et le poids total de portee est de 0,98 et 0,82 avec le nombre de sevres. Le progres annuel est de 342 g pour le critere de selection. Ce progres genetique correspond a 1,67 % de la moyenne phenotypique et 3.22 % de l'ecart-type phenotypique du caractere.
Endosymbiont biosynthesis of norharmane in Reticulitermes termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Although termites are known to contain the fluorescent alkaloid norharmane, the physiological distribution and biosynthetic origin of this compound has not previously been reported. Histological observations under UV light showed that norharmane is contained in the termite internal fluids. This is in contrast to the physiological distribution of norharmane in scorpions, in which the alkaloid is contained in the epicuticle. GC/MS analyses showed that norharmane is mainly located in the hemolymph with hemolymph removal causing the loss of all observable fluorescence in termite carcasses. GC/MS analyses further showed that norharmane was biosynthesized as a metabolite from endosymbionts cultured in isolation from Reticulitermes tibialis and R. flavipes termites. Actinomycetes bacteria are likely candidates as the endosymbionts that biosynthesize norharmane, because they are components of the termite gut and are the only microbes known to produce norharmane.