Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of area deprivation on COVID-19 risk in Louisiana

Purpose: Louisiana currently has the highest per capita case count for COVID-19 in the United States and disproportionately affects the Black or African American population. Neighborhood deprivation has been observed to be associated with poorer health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and COVID-19 in Louisiana. Methods: The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was calculated and used to classify neighborhood deprivation at the census tract level. A total of 17 US census variables were used to calculate the ADI for each of the 1148 census tracts in Louisiana. The data were extracted from the American Community Survey (ACS) 2018. The neighborhoods were categorized into quintiles as well as low and high deprivation. The publicly available COVID-19 cumulative case counts by census tract was obtained from the Louisiana Department of Health website on July 31, 2020. Descriptive and Poisson regression analyses were performed. Results: Neighborhoods in Louisiana were substantially different with respect to deprivation. The ADI ranged from 136.00 for the most deprived neighborhood and -33.87 in the least deprived neighborhood. We observed that individuals residing in the most deprived neighborhoods had a 45% higher risk of COVID-19 disease compared to those residing in the least deprived neighborhoods. Conclusion: While the majority of previous studies were focused on very limited socio-environmental factors such as crowding and income, this study used a composite area-based deprivation index to examine the role of neighborhood environment on COVID-19. We observed a positive relationship between neighborhood deprivation and COVID-19 risk in Louisiana. The study findings can be utilized to promote public health preventions measures besides social distancing, wearing a mask while in public and frequent handwashing in vulnerable neighborhoods with greater deprivation.
Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 on Therapeutic Anticoagulants

Background: COVID-19 is associated with hypercoagulability and an increased incidence of thrombosis. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 who either continued therapeutic anticoagulants previously prescribed or who were newly started on anticoagulants during hospitalization. Methods: We performed an observational study of adult inpatients with COVID-19 at 10 hospitals affiliated with Northwestern Medicine in the Chicagoland area from March 9 to June 26, 2020. We evaluated clinical outcomes of subjects with COVID-19 who were continued on their outpatient therapeutic anticoagulation during hospitalization and those who were newly started on these medications compared to those who were on prophylactic doses of these medications based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement. The primary outcome was overall death while secondary outcomes were critical illness (WHO score >5), need for mechanical ventilation, and death among those subjects who first had critical illness adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), Charlson score, glucose on admission, and use of antiplatelet agents. Results: 1,716 subjects with COVID-19 were included in the analysis. 171 subjects (10.0%) were continued on their outpatient therapeutic anticoagulation and 201(11.7%) were started on new therapeutic anticoagulation during hospitalization. In subjects continued on home therapeutic anticoagulation, there were no differences in overall death, critical illness, mechanical ventilation, or death among subjects with critical illness compared to subjects on prophylactic anticoagulation. Subjects receiving new therapeutic anticoagulation for COVID-19 were more likely to die (OR 5.93; 95% CI 3.71-9.47), have critical illness (OR 14.51; 95% CI 7.43-28.31), need mechanical ventilation (OR 11.22; 95% CI 6.67-18.86), and die after first having critical illness. (OR 5.51; 95% CI 2.80 -10.87). Conclusions: Continuation of outpatient prescribed anticoagulant was not associated with improved clinical outcomes. Therapeutic anticoagulation for COVID-19 in absence of other indications was associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Selection for reduced fear in red junglefowl changes brain composition and affects fear memory

Brain size reduction is a common trait in domesticated species when compared to wild conspecifics. This reduction can happen through changes in individual brain regions as a response to selection on specific behaviours. We selected red junglefowl for 10 generations for diverging levels of fear towards humans and measured brain size and composition as well as habituation learning and conditioned place preference learning in young chicks. Brain size relative to body size as well as brainstem region size relative to whole brain size were significantly smaller in chicks selected for low fear of humans compared to chicks selected for high fear of humans. However, when including allometric effects in the model, these differences disappear but a tendency towards larger cerebra in low-fear chickens remains. Low-fear line chicks habituated more effectively to a fearful stimulus with prior experience of that same stimulus, whereas high-fear line chicks with previous experience of the stimulus had a response similar to naive chicks. The phenotypical changes are in line with previously described effects of domestication.
SARS-CoV-2 phylodynamics differentiates the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions

Quantifying the effectiveness of large-scale non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 is critical to adapting responses against future waves of the pandemic. By combining phylogenetic data of 5,198 SARS-CoV-2 genomes with the chronology of non-pharmaceutical interventions in 57 countries, we examine how interventions and combinations thereof alter the divergence rate of viral lineages, which is directly related to the epidemic reproduction number. Home containment and education lockdown had the largest independent impacts and were predicted to reduce the reproduction number by 35% and 26%, respectively. However, we find that in contexts with a reproduction number >2, no individual intervention is sufficient to stop the epidemic and increasingly stringent intervention combinations may be required. Our phylodynamic approach can complement epidemiological models to inform public health strategies against COVID-19.
Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 45 countries

The number of COVID-19 deaths is often used as a key indicator of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic size. 42 However, heterogeneous burdens in nursing homes and variable reporting of deaths in elderly 43 individuals can hamper comparisons of deaths and the number of infections associated with them 44 across countries. Using age-specific death data from 45 countries, we find that relative differences 45 in the number of deaths by age amongst individuals aged <65 years old are highly consistent across 46 locations. Combining these data with data from 15 seroprevalence surveys we demonstrate how 47 age-specific infection fatality ratios (IFRs) can be used to reconstruct infected population 48 proportions. We find notable heterogeneity in overall IFR estimates as suggested by individual 49 serological studies and observe that for most European countries the reported number of deaths 50 amongst [≥]65s are significantly greater than expected, consistent with high infection attack rates 51 experienced by nursing home populations in Europe. Age-specific COVID-19 death data in 52 younger individuals can provide a robust indicator of population immunity.
Longitudinal shrinkage, kiln-drying defects, and lumber grade recovery of red pine (Pinus resinosa ait.) from a 125-year-old natural stand and a 57-year-old plantation

Longitudinal shrinkage, out-of-plane warp or distortion, and lumber grade recovery of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) were investigated in a 125-year-old natural stand and a 57-year-old plantation in eastern Maine. Shrinkage measurements from short, clear specimens showed no age-related differences between the two stands when the samples were dried from the green condition to 12.4 percent moisture content and from green to 0 percent moisture content. In both stands, shrinkage decreased until age 15. In contrast, out-of-plane distortion was greater in 4/4 boards sawn from the plantation than in boards sawn from the natural stand. The greatest difference between stands occurred in pith-centered boards, with out-of-plane distortion of boards from the plantation exceeding that of boards from the natural stand by 0.06 in. /ft. The overall grade recovery of lumber from the natural stand was higher than the grade recovery of lumber from the plantation. Thirty-one percent of the boards from the natural stand were graded as select, whereas only 9 percent of the lumber from the plantation was graded as select.
A registered report on how implicit pro-rich bias is shaped by the perceiver's gender and socioeconomic status

Although high status is often considered a desirable quality, this may not always be the case. Different factors may moderate the value of high status along a dimension such as wealth (e.g. gender, perceiver income/education). For example, studies suggest men may value wealth and control over resources more than women. This may be especially true for high-income men who already have control over substantial resources. Other work suggests that low-income men and women may have different experiences in educational contexts compared to their richer peers who dominate norms at higher levels of education. These experiences may potentially lead to different attitudes about the wealthy among low-income men and women. In this registered report, we proposed two key predictions based on our review of the literature and analyses of pilot data from the Attitudes, Identities and Individual Differences (AIID) study (n = 767): (H1) increasing income will be associated with increased pro-wealthy bias for men more than for women and (H2) income will also moderate the effect of education on implicit pro-wealthy bias, depending on gender. Overall, men showed greater implicit pro-wealthy bias than did women. However, neither of our hypotheses that income would moderate the effects of gender on implicit pro-wealthy bias were supported. These findings suggest implicit pro-wealthy bias among men and are discussed in the context of exploratory analyses of gender differences in self-reported beliefs and attitudes about the rich and the poor.
That’s a Curious Copular Construction You Have There!

Sentences like That’s a beautiful dress you’re wearing are commonly heard in colloquial English. These sentences have a surface form that resembles identificational copular sentences with relative clause modifiers (e.g., This is the house I mentioned) and cleft sentences with demonstrative subjects (e.g., That was John that I saw). Ever since Higgins’s (1973) seminal work, English copular sentences have received much attention, but sentences like That’s a beautiful dress you’re wearing have not been part of that discussion. In this squib, I show how these sentences are both similar and dissimilar to identificationals and clefts, and suggest a formal analysis that captures their characteristic properties.
Physiological Threshold of Somatic Cell Count in Milk of Polish Heath Sheep and Polish Lowland Sheep

Abstract The study was conducted on 320 sheep of two breeds: Polish Heath Sheep (PHS) and Polish Lowland Sheep (PLS). Udder health status was assessed based on somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological examination of milk. Cells of the immune system (leukocyte populations and lymphocyte subpopulations) were identified in the blood and milk of sheep by flow cytometry, using a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies and fluorescent dyes. The study showed that the highest proportion of neutrophils and a lower percentage of lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, WC1-N2+) in milk and blood occurred in sheep of both breeds in which milk SCC ranged between 201 and 300×103 cells/ml. In light of existing research, these results suggest that fluctuations in somatic cell count of ewe milk are physiologically determined up to 200×103cells/ml and result from udder health disturbances above this level.
Can Family and Neighborhood Cohesiveness Buffer the Association Between Family Economic Hardship and Children’s Peer Victimization?

The aim of the current study is to identify factors that buffer the link between family economic hardship and peer victimization. We examined whether family and neighborhood cohesiveness moderated the association between family economic hardship and children’s peer victimization. Data were derived from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health, and the total sample was 14,155 caregivers who responded to questions about children, aged 6 through 11 years old. Analyses included bivariate correlations and hierarchical multivariate regressions. Family economic hardship was positively associated with victimization while family cohesion and neighborhood cohesion were negatively correlated with victimization. The interaction between family economic hardship and neighborhood cohesion was significant. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Optimizing the Distribution of Pharmacy-Dispensed Naloxone Using Spatial Mapping Techniques in Rural Areas

With the worsening opioid epidemic, recent changes allow pharmacies to sell naloxone through standing orders to reverse opioid overdoses. This study assesses direct dispensed naloxone availability through pharmacy chains in California in 2016, and utilizes spatial analysis techniques to suggest optimal stocking of naloxone. Rural counties were less likely to have a pharmacy selling naloxone even though overdose death rates were higher in rural counties (odds ratio [OR] = 0.225; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.059, 0.854]). Pharmacies closest to the center of the population in these rural counties were identified as ideal stocking locations. Rural counties with high overdose death rates have the lowest rates of naloxone, but spatial analysis can determine pre-existing chain pharmacies that can stock naloxone.
Understanding Consumers' Post-Purchase Dissonance by Online Impulse Buying-Beauty Product

With the rise of m-commerce, consumers' shopping habit nowadays has changed. People now rely on mobile devices to purchase goods. However, as the convenience m-commerce bring about, the chance which consumers have impulse buying behaviors also increases. Furthermore, problems like post-purchase dissonance (e.g. emotion dissonance, product dissonance) arise as well. Therefore, in order to have better understanding of what cause impulse buying behavior and the relationship with cognitive dissonance, we adopt the concept from Powers and Jacks [1]. Moreover, we also consider hedonic value, utilitarian value and mobile page quality as the antecedents of impulse buying behavior. In this study, we use beauty product as the subject to conduct our surveys. After data collection, we receive 107 valid responses in total, and the result shows that hedonic value is the main reason influence impulse buying. To sum up. our findings may be useful for retailers attempting to start their businesses with m-commerce.
Population genetic structure of Scylla paramamosain from the coast of the Southeastern China based on mtDNA COI sequences

Scylla paramamosain(Decapoda: Portunidae) is a swimming crab that is widespread in the coast of Southeastern China and commonly found in estuarine and mangrove waters.Although it has been reported that no significant morphological and isozyme differences were found among populations of S.paramamosain in China,it is still necessary to study the genetic structure of S.paramamosain by more sensitive and stable molecular markers.Genetic diversity and structure of 10 populations of S.paramamosain were investigated and analyzed at the mtDNA label in this study.A total of 130 crabs from ten representative localities along the coast of Southeastern China were collected.A 522bp length fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I(mtDNA COI) gene was amplified and sequenced.Intraspecific variation of mtDNA COI gene was investigated in 130 individuals.We examined 522 base pairs(bp) and identified 21 different haplotypes.Each population sample is characterised by a single most frequent haplotype(Hap 2) with the highest frequency of 56.15%,shared among all ten populations,and a small number of rare ones,typically present in only one or two individuals and representative of several specific populations.The average haplotype(h) and nucleotid diversity(π) of ten populations is 0.6738 and 0.1987%,respectively.Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) and FST statistics analysis of mtDNA haplotype frequencies and sequence divergence data revealed a significant genetic differentiation(FST=0.05,P0.005) among populations.In pairwise population comparisons,a highly significant genetic differentiation exists only between population BH and other 5 populations based on FST values from haplotype frequency and distance method,while population SY differs from HSL and TS significantly.Using a Mantel test,we found no significant correlation between pairwise population FST values(estimated by haplotypic frequencies) and geographic distances,suggesting that a simple model of isolation by distance is not appropriate for our data.Tests of neutral evolution(Tajima's D and Fu's Fs) revealed the D statistic was negative with a significant deviation from mutation-drift equilibrium,and result of Fu's Fs-test,which was devised specifically to detect population expansion and is more sensitive to the presence of singletons in a sample,showed a highly significant value.
Studies on the Age and Growth of Ancherithroculter nigrocauda Yih Et Woo

specimens of A nigrocauda were aged by scales for age determination A nigrocauda produces new annuli in a single year,with a peak in June. Analyzing the age of the catches showes that 562 specimens mainly consist of 1-3 yearold fish which takes 94.96% of the whole population. The body length was linear correlated ;the body length and the weight to be exponential correlated. The growth parameters l ∞, m ∞, k and t 0 have been estimated to be 44 426 cm,153 9 15 g, 0 153, -0 624 years respectively. The age of 7 112 years was the turning point of growth with body weight 466 85 g. The fast growing period was in the age of 1-2 year.
COVID-19 Pneumonia Detection in Chest X-ray Images Using Transfer Learning of Convolutional Neural Networks

The COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis and the greatest challenge. Since its emergence and has spread rising daily worldwide. The early diagnosis of COVID-19 can improve a chance of survival and can support clinical treatment. An automatically COVID-19 pneumonia detection will support the medical diagnosis to examine the chest X-ray image. For this reason, this work intent to develop the CNN model by the process of transfer learning. The models will be created from the three pre-trained models include Xception, VGG16, and Inception-Resnet-V2 model. Then, these newly proposed models will be applied to detect COVID-19 pneumonia from the X-ray image dataset. The proposed models enhance to diagnose the chest X-ray images of patients who have pneumonia by COVID-19. Since the existing COVID-19 X-ray dataset has a small number of images containing 323 images, this work uses the data augmentation techniques to increase the virtual number of images. The results reveal that the proposed models have performed the classification task for detecting pneumonia. The proposed model achieved an accuracy level of Xception, VGG16, and Inception-Resnet-V2 is 97.19%, 95.42% and 93.87%, respectively. It reveals that the CNN model with the Xception has higher accuracy than VGG16 and Inception-ResNet-V2 model.
Cocreation of the hospitality brand experience: A triadic interaction model

Although dyadic interactions among customers have widely been acknowledged to impact customer experience, the interdependence between customers and the service provider may form a symbiotic force that attenuates how an experience is cocreated. This study focuses on triadic interactions among casino patrons by modeling employee-to-customer (E2C) interactions as a boundary condition that may moderate the effect of customer-to-customer interactions (C2C) and customer-to-companion (Cu2Co) interaction quality on brand experience. Data were collected among patrons from 30 casino establishments using a two-step sampling approach. Findings suggest that E2C interaction moderates the relationship between customer interactions and the brand experience, such that the C2C interaction quality effect is more salient under the high E2C interaction condition. Implications for both practice and theory as well as limitations and future directions are further discussed.
Developing Creativity in Computer Science Initial Teacher Education through Design Thinking

Design thinking is a valuable component in teacher education enabling the development of creativity amongst the cohort. Studies have been developed to capture the effects of discipline specific design thinking, however design thinking amongst Computer Science pre-service teachers has not been thoroughly evaluated. Pre-service Computer Science post-primary teachers will need to have the capacity to develop these skills within their initial teacher education programmes. In this paper we propose a design thinking workshop model for use by pre-service teachers to engage and motivate students while covering core CS concepts, using web application development. Computer Science as a subject at post-primary will enable students solve real-world problems through the design and creation of computational artefacts developed using a collaborative human-centred approach. Developing such artefacts requires particular skills, such as creativity and problem-solving and it will be necessary for Computer Science pre-service teachers to use innovative problem-solving approaches when fostering these skills. The paper will present the project implementation along with qualitative and quantitative findings. In particular this paper highlights the pre-service teacher perception of the benefits of design thinking in Computer Science particularly applicability in the domain and increased engagement. This, we argue, is critical in our understanding and important in their initial teacher education.