Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
O-GlcNAc signaling increases neuron regeneration through one-carbon metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans

Cellular metabolism plays an essential role in the regrowth and regeneration of a neuron following physical injury. Yet, our knowledge of the specific metabolic pathways that are beneficial to neuron regeneration remains sparse. Previously, we have shown that modulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a ubiquitous post-translational modification that acts as a cellular nutrient sensor, can significantly enhance in vivo neuron regeneration. Here we define the specific metabolic pathway by which mutation of the O-GlcNAc transferase (ogt-1) increases regenerative outgrowth. Performing in vivo laser axotomy and measuring subsequent regeneration of individual neurons in C. elegans, we find that the ogt-1 mutation increases regeneration by diverting the metabolic flux of enhanced glycolysis towards one carbon metabolism (OCM) and the downstream transsulfuration metabolic pathway (TSP). These effects are abrogated by genetic and/or pharmacological disruption of OCM or the serine synthesis pathway (SSP) that links OCM to glycolysis. Testing downstream branches of this pathway, we find that enhanced regeneration is dependent only on the vitamin B12 independent shunt pathway. These results are further supported by RNA-sequencing that reveals dramatic transcriptional changes, by the ogt-1 mutation, in the genes involved in glycolysis, OCM, TSP and ATP metabolism. Strikingly, the beneficial effects of the ogt-1 mutation can be recapitulated by simple metabolic supplementation of the OCM metabolite methionine in wild-type animals. Taken together, these data unearth the metabolic pathways involved in the increased regenerative capacity of a damaged neuron in ogt-1 animals and highlight the therapeutic possibilities of OCM and its related pathways in the treatment of neuronal injury. Abstarct Figure. Metabolic pathways involved in the enhanced neuronal regeneration in ogt-1 animals: The green highlighted pathway illustrates the metabolic rewiring in ogt-1 mutant animals supporting enhanced axonal regeneration of injured neurons in vivo.
The stability of cognitive abilities: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.

Cognitive abilities, including general intelligence and domain-specific abilities such as fluid reasoning, comprehension knowledge, working memory capacity, and processing speed, are regarded as some of the most stable psychological traits, yet there exist no large-scale systematic efforts to document the specific patterns by which their rank-order stability changes over age and time interval, or how their stability differs across abilities, tests, and populations. Determining the conditions under which cognitive abilities exhibit high or low degrees of stability is critical not just to theory development but to applied contexts in which cognitive assessments guide decisions regarding treatment and intervention decisions with lasting consequences for individuals. In order to supplement this important area of research, we present a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies investigating the stability of cognitive abilities. The meta-analysis relied on data from 205 longitudinal studies that involved a total of 87,408 participants, resulting in 1,288 test-retest correlation coefficients among manifest variables. For an age of 20 years and a test-retest interval of 5 years, we found a mean rank-order stability of ρ = . 76. The effect of mean sample age on stability was best described by a negative exponential function, with low stability in preschool children, rapid increases in stability in childhood, and consistently high stability from late adolescence to late adulthood. This same functional form continued to best describe age trends in stability after adjusting for test reliability. Stability declined with increasing test-retest interval. This decrease flattened out from an interval of approximately 5 years onward. According to the age and interval moderation models, minimum stability sufficient for individual-level diagnostic decisions (rtt = .80) can only be expected over the age of 7 and for short time intervals in children. In adults, stability levels meeting this criterion are obtained for over 5 years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Predictability and Decadal Variability of the North Atlantic Ocean State Evaluated from a Realistic Ocean Model

AbstractThis study investigates the excitation of decadal variability and predictability of the ocean climate state in the North Atlantic. Specifically, initial linear optimal perturbations (LOPs) in temperature and salinity that vary with depth, longitude, and latitude are computed, and the maximum impact on the ocean of these perturbations is evaluated in a realistic ocean general circulation model. The computations of the LOPs involve a maximization procedure based on Lagrange multipliers in a nonautonomous context. To assess the impact of these perturbations four different measures of the North Atlantic Ocean state are used: meridional volume and heat transports (MVT and MHT) and spatially averaged sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean heat content (OHC). It is shown that these metrics are dramatically different with regard to predictability. Whereas OHC and SST can be efficiently modified only by basin-scale anomalies, MVT and MHT are also strongly affected by smaller-scale perturbations. This sugg.
Saving Lives: Timely Flash Flood Warnings in the UK

Flash floods are a major cause of death and destruction to property on a worldwide scale. In the UK sudden flooding has been the cause of the loss of over 60 lives during the last century. Forecasting these events to give enough warning is a major concern: after the 2004 flood at Boscastle, Cornwall UK the Environment Agency (2004) stated that it was not possible to provide a warning in such a fast reacting and small catchment. This is untrue since the Agency had already implemented a real time non-linear flow model as part of a flood warning system on the upper Brue in Somerset UK. This model is described in this paper as it has been applied to the Lynmouth flood of 1952, and briefly for the Boscastle catchment, both of which have an area of about 20 km2. The model uses locally measured SMD and saturated hydraulic conductivity data. With the addition of further parameters the model has been successfully used nationwide.
Research hotpots and frontier trends of neuroprotective effects of magnesium from 1999 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis

Abstract Background The neuroprotective effect of magnesium has been widely discussed, and its effectiveness has been confirmed by animal and clinical trials. However, there are still difficulties in clinical translation in diseases such as cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the literatures about neuroprotection of magnesium to reveal a more comprehensive knowledge framework, research hotspots and trends in the future. Methods Original articles and reviews related to neuroprotective effects of magnesium from 1999 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The bibliometrics CiteSpace 6.2. R4 software was used to conduct co‐occurrence/co‐citation network analysis and plot knowledge visualization maps. Results A total of 762 articles from 216 institutions in 64 countries were included in this study. The United States had the largest number of publications, followed by China and Canada. The University of California, UDICE‐French Research Universities, and the University of Adelaide were the top three institutions in publication volume. Crowther Caroline A was the most published and cited author. Among the top 10 cited articles, there were seven articles on neuroprotection in preterm infants and three on acute stroke. Keyword cluster analysis obtained 11 clusters, showing that current research hotspots focused on magnesium therapy in neurovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and emerging treatment strategies. Conclusion The neuroprotective effects of magnesium in preterm infants have been extensively studied and adequately confirmed. The therapeutic effects of magnesium on cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage have been demonstrated in animal models. However, the results of clinical studies were not satisfactory, and exploring new therapeutic strategies may be the solution. Recently, the combination of magnesium and hypothermia had great potential in neuroprotective therapy and may become a development trend and hotspot in the future.
Climatic Trend of Rainfall over Tibetan Plateau from 1971 to 2000

Using the data of monthly rainfall and rainy days from 1971 to 2000 in Tibet, the linear trends of the annual and seasonal rainfall and rainy days are analyzed. The results show that, the annual rainfall trend in most parts of Tibet increased, rainfall trend was 1.4-66.6 mm/10a, and the change trend of rainfall decreased in Ngari district. A decline trend of rainy days (R≥0.1) was found over Ngari and eastern Nyingchi districts, the increase of rainy days was obvious in middle-western Nagqu and northern Qamdo districts. In the 1970s, the precipitation positive anomaly occurred in western Tibet, and negative anomaly in eastern Tibet. The precipitation anomaly is negative in most parts of Tibet in the 1980s. For precipitation anomaly in the 1990s, the positive appeared in eastern Tibet and the negative in western Tibet. It was also found that change trend of mean annual and seasonal rainfall of Tibet increased during the 30 years, and annual rainfall trend indicated an increase of 19.9 mm/10a, especially in the 1990s. After 1992, the rainfall increased during spring and summer.
Comparative Study on the Community Structure of Phytoplankton in Autumn in Different Oceanic Function of Zones of Guangdong Seacoast

Community structure of phytoplankton and correlative environmental factors of Guangdong seacoast were investigated in October, 2003. Thirty-nine investigation stations were set up. The nutrient data were analyzed and the results showed that Pearl River plays an important role in the input of nutrient substance from land to the South China Sea, and the nutrients concentration of Pearl River Estuary was obviously higher than other sea area of Guangdong sea coast. The water quality of sea water of seven stations in the Pearl River Estuary and a station in North Bay were seriously over the Sea Water Quality Standard. A total of 118 taxa belonging to 62 genus of phytoplankton in the study waters were identified. Diatom was dominant in phytoplankton community in terms of species and biomass. The change of chlorophyll a was relatively great, and its value ranged from 0.157 mg/m3 to 18.761 mg/m3, and its maximum was at the GD089 station in the Pearl River Estuary. The fractionation of chlorophyll a of different sections obviously had different characteristics. Pearl River Estuary and its adjacent waters were dominated by nano-phytoplankton while other sea areas were basically dominated by micro-phytoplankton.
Resource dynamics within arctic clonal plants

The clonal growth habit is widespread amongst nearly all plant life forms of the Arctic and Subarctic which includes the Abisko area where clonal plant species dominate all major vegetation types. The success of clonal plants can be ascribed to vegetative reproduction and improved nutrient utilisation and acquisition in a variety of ways as a consequence of the clonal growth habit. They do not depend on sexual reproduction and seedling establishment for proliferation in these harsh environ ments, they can search for nutrients in nutrient-limited and highly heterogeneous habitats, can take up water and nutrients from many sites simultaneously and thus buffer against spatial and temporal fluctuations in availability. They efficiently utilise the once acquired resources through recycling both within individual ramets and between ramets. As a consequence, their populations are stable and this has a stabilising effect on the vegetation as a whole. However, as they conserve nutrients within the living biomass, harmful effects of pollutants can be magnified. The implications of the characteristics and dominance of clonal plants for the resilience of the subarctic ecosystems in the context of environmental change is discussed.
Assessing the precision of the iGrav superconducting gravimeter for hydrological models and karstic hydrological process identification

In this paper we present the potential of a new compact superconducting gravimeter (GWR iGrav) designed for groundwater monitoring. At first, 3 yr of continuous gravity data are evaluated and the performance of the instrument is investigated. With repeated absolute gravity measurements using a Micro-g Lacoste FG5, the calibration factor (−894.8 nm s−2 V−1) and the long-term drift of this instrument (45 nm s−2 yr−1) are estimated for the first time with a high precision and found to be respectively constant and linear for this particular iGrav. The low noise level performance is found similar to those of previous superconducting gravimeters and leads to gravity residuals coherent with local hydrology. The iGrav is located in a fully instrumented hydrogeophysical observatory on the Durzon karstic basin (Larzac plateau, south of France). Rain gauges and a flux tower (evapo-transpiration measurements) are used to evaluate the groundwater mass balance at the local scale. Water mass balance demonstrates that the karst is only capacitive: all the rainwater is temporarily stored in the matrix and fast transfers to the spring through fractures are insignificant in this area. Moreover, the upper part of the karst around the observatory appears to be representative of slow transfer of the whole catchment. Indeed, slow transfer estimated on the site fully supports the low-flow discharge at the only spring which represents all groundwater outflows from the catchment. In the last part of the paper, reservoir models are used to characterize the water transfer and storage processes. Particular highlights are done on the advantages of continuous gravity data (compared to repeated campaigns) and on the importance of local accurate meteorological data to limit misinterpretation of the gravity observations. The results are complementary with previous studies at the basin scale and show a clear potential for continuous gravity time-series assimilation in hydrological simulations, even on heterogeneous karstic systems.
The Economically Active Population in Tijuana and that of Mexican Origin in San Diego from 1970 to 2010

and San Diego; job opportunities in San Diego have brought it a growing population of Mexican origin. These two cities' interrelated economies bring about changes in the population and economic activity. This article examines the economic context from 1970 to 2010, including key events such as the Border Industrialization Program, the Simpson-Rodino Act, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the 2008 f inancial crisis. Tijuana's main employer is manufacturing, while in San Diego services and commerce are the main employersfor workers of Mexican origin, who are increasing their participation in the professional services sector.
Cluster analysis to identify long COVID phenotypes using 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging: a multicentre evaluation

Background Long COVID impacts ∼10% of people diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet the pathophysiology driving ongoing symptoms is poorly understood. We hypothesised that 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could identify unique pulmonary phenotypic subgroups of long COVID. Therefore, we evaluated ventilation and gas exchange measurements with cluster analysis to generate imaging-based phenotypes. Methods COVID-negative controls and participants who previously tested positive for COVID-19 underwent 129Xe MRI ∼14 months post-acute infection across three centres. Long COVID was defined as persistent dyspnoea, chest tightness, cough, fatigue, nausea and/or loss of taste/smell at MRI; participants reporting no symptoms were considered fully recovered. 129Xe MRI ventilation defect percent (VDP) and membrane-to-gas (Mem/Gas), red blood cell-to-membrane (RBC/Mem) and red blood cell-to-gas (RBC/Gas) ratios were used in k-means clustering for long COVID, and measurements were compared using ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni correction. Results We evaluated 135 participants across three centres: 28 COVID-negative (mean±sd age 40±16 years), 34 fully recovered (42±14 years) and 73 long COVID (49±13 years). RBC/Mem (p=0.03) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (p=0.04) were different between long COVID and COVID-negative; FEV1 and all other pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were within normal ranges. Four unique long COVID clusters were identified compared with recovered and COVID-negative. Cluster 1 was the youngest with normal MRI and mild gas trapping; Cluster 2 was the oldest, characterised by reduced RBC/Mem but normal PFTs; Cluster 3 had mildly increased Mem/Gas with normal PFTs; and Cluster 4 had markedly increased Mem/Gas with concomitant reduction in RBC/Mem and restrictive PFT pattern. Conclusions We identified four 129Xe MRI long COVID phenotypes with distinct characteristics. 129Xe MRI can dissect pathophysiological heterogeneity of long COVID to enable personalised patient care.
Sensitivity of the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration to sunshine duration in the Upper Mekong River Basin

ABSTRACT Sensitivity analysis is important in understanding the relationship between sunshine duration (SD) and reference evapotranspiration (ETref). This study was developed in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin using a non-dimensional relative sensitivity coefficient (SN) relating ETref to SD. The SN for January and July for each station were calculated. The results indicate that (a) the SD and SN change in similar ways, where January and July are selected as two representative time slices; (b) the spatial distributions of the long-term averaged SN for January and July are the reverse of each other; (c) the most abrupt changes in climate occur in the 1980s and the middle region is sensitive to climate change; and (d) periodicities of 2–4 and 14–16 years are detected in the basin generally. The significant increase of inter-decadal filter variance indicates changes in the long-term memory of the local climate system. EDITOR Z.W. Kundzewicz ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned
An assessment of Hg in the freshwater aquatic environment related to long-range transported air pollution in Europe and North America (ICP Waters report 97/2009)

Long-range transboundary atmospheric transport of the pollutant mercury (Hg) (LTRAP-Hg) poses an ecological threat to aquatic ecosystems and biota. Through fish consumption, mercury and its highly toxic and bioaccumulative organic form methylmercury (MeHg) may cause harmful effects on human health. Factors controlling the bioaccumulation of Hg in aquatic ecosystems are not well understood. In Scandinavia an increased content of Hg in piscivorous fish has been observed the last decade. Today, legislation and guidelines on concentration levels of Hg for fish retail and private consumption are in place in most countries and the utility of the fishery as a resource is reduced. This report gives an overview of : relevant international agreements on Hg pollution factors that drive the spreading and accumulation of Hg in the environment current knowledge on the status of LRTAP Hg in freshwater aquatic ecosystems (fish, sediments, water) within the UNECE region (North America and Europe). recommendations for an outline of a monitoring network suitable for assessing the distribution and effects of LTRAP-Hg in freshwater aquatic environments. 4 keywords, Norwegian 4 keywords, English 1. Kvikksølv 1. Mercury 2. Ferskvann 2. Freshwater 3. Overvåking 3. Monitoring 4. Internasjonalt samarbeid 4. International cooperation Brit Lisa Skjelkvåle Bjørn Faafeng Research manager Senior Advicer ISBN978-82577-5579-9 CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME ON ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON RIVERS AND LAKES An assessment of Hg in the freshwater aquatic environment related to long-range transported air pollution in Europe and North America Prepared at the ICP Waters Programme Centre Norwegian Institute for Water Research Oslo, November 2009 ICP Waters report 97/2009
Distinguishable topological properties of functional genome networks in HIV-1 reservoirs

HIV-1 reservoirs display heterogeneous nature, lodging both intact and defective proviruses. Recent evidence has shed light on their difference, particularly in the context of immune-mediated selection. To deepen our understanding of such heterogeneous HIV-1 reservoirs and their functional implications, we pioneered the integration of basic concepts of graph theory to characterize the composition of HIV-1 reservoirs. Our analysis revealed noticeable topological properties in networks, featuring immunologic signatures enriched by genes harboring intact and defective proviruses, when comparing antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated HIV-1-infected individuals and elite controllers. The key variable, the rich factor, played a pivotal role in classifying distinct topological properties in networks. The host gene expression strengthened the accuracy of classification between elite controllers and ART-treated patients. Overall, our work provides a prime example of leveraging genomic approaches alongside mathematical tools to unravel the complexities of HIV-1 reservoirs.
Small molecule inhibitors of hnRNPA2B1-RNA interactions reveal a predictable sorting of RNA subsets into extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-secreted membranous particles contributing to intercellular communication. Coding and non-coding RNAs are widely detected EV cargo, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), such as hnRNPA2B1, have been circumstantially implicated in sorting vesicular RNAs. However, the contribution of competitive RBP-RNA interactions responsible for RNA-sorting outcomes still needs to be deciphered, especially for EV-RNA interference and predictability. We conducted a reverse proteomic analysis that prioritized heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins recognizing purine-rich RNA sequences representing a subset of previously identified EXO motifs. A screening campaign using a full-length human hnRNPA2B1 protein and artificial purine-rich RNA brought to small molecule inhibitors orthogonally validated through biochemical and cell-based approaches. Selected drugs effectively interfered with a post-transcriptional layer impacting secreted EV- RNAs, reducing the vesicular pro-inflammatory miR-221 while counteracting the hnRNPA2B1- or TDP43Q331K-dependent paracrine activation of NF-κB in EV-recipient cells. This study demonstrates the possibility of predicting the EV-RNA quality for developing innovative strategies targeting discrete paracrine functions. Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released, heterogeneous lipid particles conceived as vehicles for intercellular communication. RNA is a widely detected cargo, and the comprehension of EV-sorting mechanisms represents a step forward in predicting EV quality and associated paracrine effects. While it is known that specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a role in EV-RNA sorting, the quantitative contribution of competing RBP-RNA interactions and the predictability of RNA-sorting outcomes are poorly understood. Here, we show that a core of hnRNPs compete for the binding to the heterogeneous EV-RNA in vitro. Given prioritized interactions with purine-rich RNA motifs, we set up a pharmacological screen platform to find inhibitors of protein-RNA interactions. Our results suggest that selected small molecules can interfere with EV-RNA quality, altering the distribution of specific miRNA cargoes and associating with a discriminant NF-kB activation in EV-recipient cells. This work highlights the role of RBP-RNA interactions in influencing the EV-RNA quality and paracrine functions.