Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orthoptera and Mantodea fauna of Kazdağı (Ida) National Park with data on the calling songs of some bush-crickets.

The Orthoptera and Mantodea fauna of Kazdagi National Park (Balikesir) were investigated. Field studies were conducted between 2004 and 2005. During this study, 34 species of Orthoptera (16 Tettigoniidae, 1 Oecanthidae, 2 Pamphagidae, 1 Tetrigidae, and 14 Acrididae) and 3 species of Mantodea were investigated. Isophya cania, Poecilimon luschani egrigozi, Anadolua schwarzi, Rhacocleis acutangula (Tettigoniidae), Paranocaracris rubripes burri (Pamphagidae), and one recently described species, Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) kazdaghensis (Acrididae), are endemic taxa. Metrioptera (Broughtonia) arnoldi,, known from the Balkan fauna until now, is a new record for Turkish fauna. The calling songs of Metrioptera arnoldi, Rhacocleis acutangula, Anadolua schwarzi, Isophya cania, and Poecilimon luschani are described here for the first time. The recordings of the some species are also given along with habitat observations and altitudinal distribution. From a zoogeographical perspective, Kazdagi holds both Balkan fauna elements as well as those typical of Mediterranean-Anatolian fauna.
Boysenberry decline: identification and control of a serious disease of boysenberries.

The fungus Cercosporella rubi, which causes rosette of boysenberry, was identified in 1998 as the cause of boysenberry decline in New Zealand. A fungicide trial was carried out in the summer of 1998/99 to determine the efficacy of several fungicides for controlling rosette. The fungicides azoxystrobin, benomyl, bitertanol, difenconazole, mancozeb and pyrimethanil were each applied five times to boysenberry primocanes in a commercial planting of boysenberries from November through to February. Difenconazole was the most effective fungicide for reducing rosette symptoms, while azoxystrobin and benomyl also gave good control of the disease. This trial has demonstrated that several fungicides from different chemical groups could be used for control of rosette.
Bovine mtDNA Discovered in North American Bison Populations

North American bison (Bison bison), which once numbered in the millions, were nearly extirpated by the late 1800s. The present recovery of the bison is owed to ranchers who collected bison scattered across the prairies for the purpose of establishing founding stocks (Allen 1877; Garretson 1934; Rorabacher 1970; Dary 1974; Ogilvie 1979). By 1889 there were an estimated 200 bison in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 550 bison in Wood Buffalo National Park (Alberta and Northwest Territories; WBNP), and only 340 bison held on private ranches and wild herds (Jenning & Hebbing 1983). By the 1900s the bison population in Yellowstone and WBNP had dropped to 22 and 250 animals, respectively, because of poaching. Bison used to restock parks in both the United States and Canada were selected from the small surviving nucleus of animals. Today bison populations are flourishing, and more than 18,696 bison can be found in the North American parks alone (Walker 1993). Consequently, conservation efforts have moved from increasing bison numbers to accumulating information on the genetic diversity and relatedness of populations. In the process of constructing a phylogeny for North American bison from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), we discovered a bovine (Bos taurus) haplotype (mitochondrial genotype) in the Custer State Park (CSP) herd of South Dakota. The discovery of the bovine haplotype prompted a survey for bovine haplotypes among eight other park populations of bison. Because bison were exchanged between several established park populations, the possibility exists that bovine genes have spread throughout North American bison populations. Park populations that did not ex-
Effects of temperature and sex on jump performance and biomechanics in the lizard Anolis carolinensis

Summary 1 Temperature is known to affect whole-organism performance capacities significantly in ectotherms, but may potentially alter performance kinematics as well. Locomotor performance is a multivariate phenomenon, hence changes in temperature are probably reflected in multiple aspects of locomotion. 2 We studied the thermal sensitivity of several kinetic and kinematic jump variables, including acceleration and power output, in male and female green anole lizards, Anolis carolinensis Voigt 1832. We hypothesized that temperature would have similar effects on kinetic and kinematic variables. 3 We also tested the hypotheses that males and females would differ in jump performance, but only because of sexual dimorphism for body size, and that males and females would also differ in optimal performance temperature and body temperature (Tb) maintained in the field. 4 Both kinetic and kinematic jump variables exhibited significant temperature dependence, as expected, suggesting that overall jump dynamics are altered by temperature in green anoles. Power, in particular, increased markedly over the 15–25 °C temperature range in males. 5 Sex differences in jumping were driven largely by sexual dimorphism in body size. However, females exhibited significantly narrower thermal tolerance ranges than males, although they maintained a Tb similar to males in the field. 6 These data illustrate the necessity of carefully controlling Tb during jumping experiments at single temperatures in ectotherms, as temperature affects a suite of kinematic and biomechanical traits determining overall jump performance.
Peripheral Blood Assessment of Impact of Malaria on Haematological Parameters of Pregnant Women Attending Ante-natal in Two Tertiary Hospitals in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Original Research Article In pregnancy and malaria, changes in haematological parameters could be due to normal physiological adaptation to pregnancy-induced stress on the haematological system or it could be a result of response to pathological changes due to malaria infection. The cross-sectional study aimed at using venous blood to assess the effect of malaria infection on the levels of haematological parameters in malaria-infected pregnant women attending ante-natal clinics of two tertiary hospitals in Port Harcourt and compared it with non-infected subjects to ascertain the extent of the influence of malaria coexisting with pregnancy. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Board of the two tertiary Hospitals. About 3mls of venous blood was drawn from 240 subjects comprising 80 malaria-infected pregnant women, 80 non-infected pregnant women and 80 apparently healthy non-pregnant women. Sysmex KX21 auto analyzer was used to analyze haematological parameters. Malaria parasite was diagnosed by Microscopy, pregnancy test done with Rapid Diagnostic Kit and data analyses with Statistical Analysis Software (SAS version 9.4). ANOVA was used for comparison of mean differences and level of significance set at P<0.05. Results in this study showed that RBC 3.94±0.04x10 6 /μL, Hb 10.96±0.10 g/dl, MCHC 33.18±0.17 g/dl, lymphocyte 1.94±0.05 x10 3 /μL and platelet 202.43±5.31 x10 3 /μL, of the malaria-infected and RBC 3.80±0.04 x10 6 /μL, Hb 10.68± 0.10 g/dl, MCHC 32.38±0.11 g/dl ,lymphocyte 1.99±0.07 x10 3 /μL and %, platelet 214.83± 5.54 x10 3 /μL of non-infected pregnant women were significantly reduced (p=0.0001) compared to the values of RBC 4.35±0.04 x10 6 /μL, Hb 11.76±0.12 g/dl , MCHC 34.53± 0.13 g/dl , lymphocyte 2.39± 0.50 x10 3 /μL and platelet 247± 6.19 x10 3 /μL of the non-pregnant women. Packed cell volume 33.00±0.30% of infected pregnant women, 33.09± 0.24% of the non-infected women were also significantly reduced (p=010) compared to the non-pregnant values 34.17±0.30%. WBC and Neutrophil values of infected-women 7.24 ±0.20 x10 3 /μL and 4.72±0.17 x 10 3 /μl respectively, and 7.22± 0.15 x10 3 /μL, and 4.41±0.14 x 10 3 /μl respectively of non-infected women were significantly increased (p=0.0001) compared to the values WBC 5.37±0.10 x10 3 /μL and neutrophil 2.36±0.09 x 10 3 /μl of non-pregnant. White blood cells and neutrophil counts were significantly increased in the Plasmodium falciparum infected-pregnant women compared to the non-infected pregnant values in the study, Anaemia was present, however, some inadequacies in the alterations of haematological parameters in the study could be due to combined impairment of the immune system hence pregnancy often causes impaired immunity as do malaria. The use of venous blood in place of placental histology for examination of malaria infection in pregnancy is still very reliable.
Density and Diversity of Forest Floor Anurans in the Rain Forests of Southern Western Ghats, India

The structure and composition of forest-floor anuran diversity in the biologically rich rain forests of southern Western Ghats were studied. The study was carried out in the relatively undisturbed rain-forest tract of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. A quadrat search method was used to estimate species richness and density of the forest floor anuran community. Sample locations were distributed across three distinct watersheds in the reserve. In total, we captured 509 individuals belonging to 20 species. The density of anurans was 149 individuals ha−1 on the rain-forest floor, and along streams their densities exceeded 300 individuals ha−1. Total diversity across all watershed locations was partitioned into within and among watershed components, corresponding to alpha and beta diversity. We found high levels of species turnover (high β diversity) among watersheds, a process that may partly explain the high species richness and large number of endemic anuran species known to occur in the rain forests of the Western Ghats. Anurans density was low and comparable to other studies conducted in South-East Asian forests. A re-examination of the reports on anuran densities revealed that Central American anuran densities were an order of magnitude higher than South Asian and South American anuran densities. Existing hypotheses do not adequately explain the differences in anuran densities in different parts of the world.
Understanding marine park opposition: the relationship between social impacts, environmental knowledge and motivation to fish

Marine protected areas (MPAs), are being vigorously pursued globally but meeting significant resistance at a local level. Despite this, there is limited research into the factors that drive this resistance. The Port Stephens–Great Lakes Marine Park (PSGLMP) and Batemans Marine Park (BMP), both situated in New South Wales (NSW) Australia, were established in December 2005 and April 2006 respectively. Both generated significant controversy and hostility, particularly from the recreational fishing sector. The controversy surrounding the declaration of these and other NSW marine parks continues and has been the subject of intense political interest and government enquiry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with recreational, professional and indigenous fishers. They explored the social impacts of the declaration of PSGLMP and BMP and their link to marine park opposition. Opponents felt the marine parks had resulted in a variety of negative impacts ranging from a loss of enjoyment and convenience through to more serious impacts on wellbeing, livelihood and culture. Examination of the reasons why interview subjects participated in fishing provided further insight into their perception of the marine park and the impacts resulting from the declaration. Opposition to MPAs, however, cannot be explained by impact alone. All the marine park opponents interviewed represented themselves as ‘knowledge holders’ about their local marine area. This knowledge – predominately ‘fish’ knowledge – appears to have conflicted with a policy position which places biodiversity conservation as the primary objective of MPAs. This has led to a perception that the practical knowledge of users was not valued in the planning of each marine park. Incorporation of the goals and objectives of local communities into the development of MPA proposals may provide communities with a greater sense of ownership. Considering motivation to fish may allow for the development of more holistic management responses to mitigate and compensate users for social impacts that may arise from any necessary trade-offs between these often competing objectives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drought assessment using local and large-scale forcing data in small catchments

Drought is a natural hazard that occurs all over the world with significant impacts. For drought analysis, long time series of hydrometeorological variables are required. In many catchments around the world, insufficient hydrometeorological observations are available. Recently, global gridded re-analysis meteorological datasets with coarse spatial resolutions (0.5° x 0.5°) became available. In this study, the potential use of a large-scale dataset at catchment scale was investigated by comparison of drought characteristics. A conceptual, hydrological model was forced with local and large-scale data to simulate time series of discharge, from which hydrological droughts were identified. The study was carried out in two contrasting catchments: Narsjo (Norway) and Upper-Metuje (Czech Republic). Similar results were obtained from drought analysis using either local or large-scale data. This holds for several drought characteristics. These results are encouraging for use of large-scale forcing data for drought research in small catchments with no, or limited observations.
Changes in amino acid composition of Ulva intestinalis (Chlorophyceae) following addition of ammonium or nitrate

M.W. Taylor, N.G. Barr, C.M. Grant and T.A. V. Rees. 2006. Changes in amino acid composition of Ulva intestinalis (Chlorophyceae) following addition of ammonium or nitrate. Phycologia 45: 270–276. DOI: 10.2216/05-15.1 Nitrogen assimilation was investigated in the marine macroalga Ulva intestinalis. Following incubation of the alga in the presence of ammonium or nitrate, resulting changes in free amino acid content were determined. After 10 h, the largest changes by far occurred in the levels of glutamine and asparagine, which both increased more than 10-fold regardless of nitrogen source. Other amino acids increased slightly, but these two – together with their precursors glutamate and aspartate – comprised 83 and 76% of the total free protein amino acid-N pool upon addition of ammonium or nitrate, respectively. In subsequent time-course experiments, with ammonium as nitrogen source, glutamate initially decreased (with a concomitant increase in glutamine) before recovering to at least its original level. Asparagine levels began to increase after 1 h. Saturation of the glutamine and glutamate pools occurred after approximately 6 h, and coincided with the transition from the surge phase of ammonium uptake to the internally controlled uptake phase. This study represents the first investigation into how levels of specific amino acids change during ammonium assimilation in macroalgae, and as such extends our current knowledge of this poorly understood process.
A method for studying post-fledging survival rates using data from ringing recoveries

We present a method for studying post-fledging survival rates from data on national ringing recoveries. The approach extends the classical two-age-class models of Brownie et al. (1985) to include a third age-class of birds ringed as nestlings. The models can incorporate age-class-specific and year-specific variation in reporting rates and survival rates. Unlike intensive resighting studies at single sites, this approach does not confound death with emigration and provides estimates of survival which are representative of a larger geographical area. We implemented the models with SURvIv software, using likelihood-ratio tests to assess the significance of possible age and year effects on survival rates or reporting rates. We demonstrate this approach using a set of data on British-ringed Song Thrushes Turdus philomelos. In this case, we were unable to detect any age-class-specific or year-specific variation in reporting rates and, although the survival rates of first-year and adult Song Thrushes varied sign.
Access to safe Drinking Water and Sanitary Risks in the Town of Bangangté (West Region of Cameroon)

Due to the inadequate extension of drinking water distribution network, the population of Bangangte town just like other towns of Cameroon, get water from wells, springs and rivers whose quality is questionable. The consumption of this water, infected by micro-organisms, predisposes the population to water borne diseases. Added to the problem of quantity, is that of quality. This study wants to establish a correlation between the difficulties of access to drinking water and the frequency of water borne diseases in Bangangte town. The methodology used is highly based on households' survey, which permitted the researcher to make a difference between the problem raised and the types of water borne diseases encountered. These inquiries were completed by the collection of clinical data, physico-chemical and bacteriological analyzes of six water samples. The outcome was that, elements of the physical and human milieu are incriminated. As such, only the adoption of methods of water treatment at home is the appropriate solution.
Ethnomedicinal and ethnoecological evaluation of Salvadora persica L.: A threatened medicinal plant in Arabian Peninsula

An ethno-medicinal survey was conducted in various parts of desert and semi desert ecosystem in Saudi Arabia with the aim to document ethnecological and medicinal value of Salvadora persica. It has been used by Muslim communities since centuries in traditional system of medicine. It remained a source of income and it is believed to be a type of religious toothbrush plant. The folklore uses, indigenous knowledge of local people, and traditional healers regarding S. persica were collected by using standard protocol. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that S. persica is a multipurpose plant. It is one of the commonly used plants for medicinal purposes as well as due to its ethno-ecological importance. Various parts of S. persica are used as: food, fruits, fodder, a source of lipids, gum and resins. In addition, it is also used as a honey bee rearing plant. Its root is regularly used as tooth brush throughout the country. During the current study, it was also noticed that S. persica is a service provider plant which is grown to provide shelter-belts and windbreaker for agriculture crops. It helps in reclamation of sand dune habitat and saline soil in arid ecosystem of Saudi Arabia. S. Persica is distributed throughout the arid and semi arid ecosystem of Saudi Arabia. However, its population suffers from serious environmental problems such as deforestation, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity and unsustainable livelihoods. The study concluded that S. persicahas high medicinal, economic and ecological values in arid and semiarid ecosystem of Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, its conservation status is highly threatened and detailed ecological study of S. persica is suggested to conserve its remaining population in Saudi Arabia. Key words: Salvadora persica, medicinal uses, products, threats and conservation importance.
Peracute vibriosis in juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus

An outbreak of an acute oedematous disease characterised by orbital and abdominal swelling, and high mortality, in young turbot, was studied. The clinical and pathological picture was consistent with a circulating toxaemia principally affecting the heart, orbit and kidney. Vibrio anguillarum, virtually identical with type strain NCMB6, was isolated in pure culture from all organs of all fish. Therapy was only marginally successful using antibiotics but in a small group subjected to temperature reduction below 10°C, losses were reduced from 20 % to 5 % compared with the controls.
The Effectiveness of Endoscopic Surgery of Juvenile Angiofibroma Using Surgical Glue

AIM: The current study aimed to provide a method for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma embolization using Glubran glue in patients with low stage tumor. This method not only has less blood loss and good visualization but also impose a low cost, where no pre-operative embolization complications were found for this procedure. METHODS: Between 2012 and 2014, 30 patients with angiofibroma undergoing endoscopic surgery. Age, sex, tumor stage, average blood loss, complications, length of hospitalization, and recurrence rate of the tumor were the main measured outcomes. Furthermore, 30 patients were divided into three groups with matched age, sex, and tumor staging. Group 1 received glue (Glubran), while Group 2 selected for study without glue and embolization and pre-operative embolization was considered for Group 3. RESULTS: Based on the amount bleeding, the mean blood hemorrhage in Groups 1, 2, and 3 was 510, 1655, and 800 ml, respectively, the difference of hemorrhage between Groups 1 and 2 was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.007). Blood loss in Group 1 was found to be less than Group 3, but the difference of hemorrhage between Group 1 and 3 was not statistically significant (p = 0.678). No blood transfusion and complication were recorded for individuals in Group 1. The recurrence was found in 1 patient (10%) in both groups of 2 and 3, and no patient (0%) in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: The direct intraoperative embolization technique with glue was capable of providing a more complete and targeted embolization of the tumor. Some advantages can be mentioned for this technique, including decreased blood loss, less radiation exposure, lower rates of complications, and recurrence, as well as shorter hospitalization time, the ease of procedure with a spinal needle and low cost.
Refugia within refugia: the case study of a canopy tree (Eurycorymbus cavaleriei) in subtropical China

Aim Eurycorymbus cavaleriei (Lévl.) Rehd. et Hand. ‐Mazz. (Sapindaceae) is a Tertiary relict tree endemic to subtropical China. This area is a centre for speciation and evolution within the East Asia biome and one of its most important refugial locations. In this study we aim to elucidate the phylogeographical patterning in E. cavaleriei, in order to identify the locations of the species’ main refugia and the predominant patterns of migration that have led to the contemporary spatial genetic structure of chloroplast variation.
Life and Fertility Table of Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) on Two Varieties of Tomato in a Greenhouse

Abstract. The lifecycle of Bactericera cockerelli was evaluated on the tomato varieties ‘Charanda F1’ and ‘Rafaello’, under greenhouse conditions at the Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico, during October–December, 2009 and January–March, 2010. A line of B. cockerelli dating from 10 years ago free from agrochemical applications was used. The adults were kept in individual growth chambers. The parameters measured were average life expectancy (ex), net reproductive ratio (Ro), time of generation (T), intrinsic natural increase ratio (rm), finite increase ratio (&lgr;), births (b), and mortality (d) in each of the varieties. For the October–December cycle, reproduction began at 34 days in the ‘Charanda F1’ variety, and at 41 days in January–March. The incubation period for the eggs was 7–13 days, with a nymphal period of 32–37 days in ‘Charanda F1’; in ‘Rafaello’, incubation took 8–10 days, with a nymphal period of 31–35 days. The lifecycle in Charanda F1 was 63–69 days, and was 68–70 days in Rafaello. The accumulated fecundity of the females was 3,426–3,200 eggs in Charanda F1 and 2,142–2,099 eggs in Rafaello.
Integrative Biology: Science for the 21st Century

ABSTRACT Integrative biology is a label frequently used to describe various forms of cross-disciplinary and multitaxon research. The term is ill defined, but in fact it does rely on principles that are transforming 21st-century science. Collaborative and integrative biology generates new information and new ideas by bringing diverse expertise to problems, so that individual and institutional expertise becomes broader and more exploratory as a consequence. Both research and education modes must change to facilitate new approaches to resolving complex questions.