Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Espérance de vie : un avantage féminin menacé ?

P artout dans le monde, au XX e siècle, les hommes et les femmes ont vécu des progrès sanitaires considé-rables. Mais, dans le même temps, l'inégalité entre les sexes s'est creusée et les femmes, bénéficiant de gains plus importants que les hommes, ont progressivement distancé ces derniers. Les raisons de l'avantage féminin ont été largement débattues : avantage biologique, comportements plus favorables à la santé, rapport plus facile à la médecine [1]. Depuis deux décennies toute-fois cet avantage a commencé à se réduire, d'abord dans les pays anglo-saxons et nordiques, puis plus récemment en France et dans les pays méditerra-néens [2]. À quoi tient ce retournement qui touche l'un après l'autre les pays à faible mortalité ? La surmorta-lité masculine diminue-t-elle à tous les âges et pour toutes les causes de décès ? Pourquoi le Japon, où l'es-pérance de vie est la plus élevée du monde, reste-t-il en dehors du mouvement ? L'espérance de vie progresse désormais plus rapidement chez les hommes L'écart d'espérance de vie entre les sexes s'est creusé dans les pays industrialisés jusqu'aux années 1970 (figure 1). Dès le début de cette décennie toutefois, il a cessé d'augmenter dans les deux pays anglo-saxons retenus ici en exemples, l'Angleterre-Galles et les États-Unis, puis s'est considérablement réduit. En 2000, dans ces deux pays, la différence d'espérance de vie entre les sexes est inférieure à celle que l'on observait en 1950 (5,4 ans contre 5,5 aux États-Unis et 4,7 ans au lieu de 4,8 en Angleterre-Galles). En Suède, prise ici en exemple des pays nordiques, le retournement est un peu plus tardif et l'écart ne s'est réduit qu'à partir de 1980. La différence s'y élève encore à 4,3 ans en 2000, alors qu'elle n'était que de 2,8 ans en 1950. Pour la les premiers l'écart a cessé de se creuser dès le début de cette décennie alors qu'il s'élevait à 7,5 ans, tandis qu'en Éditorial – Espérance de vie : un avantage féminin menacé ? • L'espérance de vie progresse désormais plus rapidement chez les hommes-p. 1 • Le poids des maladies chroniques-p. 2 • Les hommes adoptent les comportements féminins favorables à la santé-p. 2 • Une surmortalité masculine qui ne diminue pourtant pas à tous les âges-p. 3 • Et le Japon ? -p. 4
Distribution of Quaternary deformation in the central Main Ethiopian Rift, East Africa

The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is a narrow continental rift characterized by an along‐axis variation in rift evolution, with early stages in the south evolving to incipient breakup in the north. Although distribution and style of Quaternary volcanotectonic deformation is well known in the northern rift sector, knowledge of these characteristics is comparatively less constrained southward. In this paper we present the results of a field structural study carried out to better constrain the time‐space distribution of faulting in the central sector of the MER (central MER). The new field structural data coupled with new 14C radiometric dating of faulted rocks suggest a localization of faulting at both rift margins of the central MER, where radiometric dating of faulted material has allowed establishing a Late Pleistocene–Holocene activity of border faults. Conversely, in‐rift faulting (Wonji Fault Belt (WFB)) is subordinate highlighting a major difference with the northern sector of the MER where deformation is essentially accommodated in the axial zone. This is consistent with an along‐axis variation in rift evolution, showing the central MER less evolved than the northern rift sector. Inversion of cumulative fault slip data reveals a variation in the extension direction between the rift margins (N105°–110°E) and the rift floor (N90°–95°E), which accords well with the current Nubia‐Somalia plate kinematics. The variation in extension direction across the rift could manifest a slip partitioning between the boundary faults and in‐rift WFB faults.
An algorithm for extracting zonal mean and migrating tidal fields in the middle atmosphere from satellite measurements: Applications to TIMED/SABER-measured temperature and tidal modeling

[1] For a data series with grid points that do not uniformly cover a whole wave cycle in both space and time, traditional least squares fitting methods will lead to biased estimates of the zonal mean and wave components as a result of aliasing between these elements. We introduce a set of formal regularity conditions to select available grid points that reduce aliasing while obtaining the zonal mean and tidal components from unevenly sampled or incomplete measurements. The algorithm is used to self-consistently investigate the effect of the zonal mean field on the seasonal variation of diurnal tide in the upper middle atmosphere using temperature measured by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. We first unbiasly derive both the zonal mean and migrating tidal components from the measurements, then simulate the seasonal variation of the migrating diurnal tide using a spectral tidal model with the measured zonal mean as input, and finally compare the seasonal variation of the measured tide with the modeled one. The model and measurement comparisons show self-consistently and more conclusively the dominant effect of the zonal mean wind on the seasonal variation of the migrating diurnal tide in the upper middle atmosphere.
Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease, Congestive Heart Failure and Stroke—A Review and Clinical Guide for Healthcare Professionals

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) causes a progressive decline in renal function, leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and increases the likelihood of cardiovascular events and mortality. The recent introduction of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor has been a game changer in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and congestive heart failure (CHF). These agents not only slow down the progression of kidney disease but also have cardioprotective benefits, including for patients with congestive heart failure and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Some evidence suggests that they can decrease the risk of stroke as well. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in CKD and CHF and their efficacy in stroke prevention. This review includes a comparison with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist and finerenone; focuses on safety data, the potential benefits beyond glycemic control, and a review of significant trials; and provides guidance in clinical practice.
Factors Influencing Individuals' Decision-Making Regarding Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donation: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a vital medical intervention for treating various conditions. The preferred methods, i.e., bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, have saved lives and attracted attention. Saudi Arabia, with a high sickle cell disease and leukemia incidence, faces the challenge of matching donors for HSCT. Factors like knowledge, attitudes, cultural beliefs, and access to information impact donation decisions. Methods: In May 2023, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia, targeting the general population. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, analyzing demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and factors influencing donation intention. Results: Demographic analysis showed that females, younger individuals (18-25 years), those with higher education, and healthcare workers had better knowledge. Attitudes toward donation varied: 42.4% were willing to donate, while 57.6% were not. Psychological barriers, health concerns, pain, and inadequate knowledge influenced donation reluctance. Of the participants, 3.5% were registered stem cell donors, with 58.8% expressing willingness but not registered. Donors' intent was influenced by family members' need for transplants and knowledge. A majority (56.6%) supported employer support for health programs, while 65.7% believed government funding should assist donors. Conclusion: HSCT is vital in treating diseases like sickle cell and leukemia in Saudi Arabia. While many recognize its importance, knowledge gaps about its specifics and donation deter potential donors. Enhanced awareness campaigns and support from employers and the government could increase donor registrations.
Volcanic and structural evolution of Pico do Fogo, Cape Verde

In recent months the media have drawn attention to the Cape Verde archipelago, with particular focus on the island of Fogo, the only island presently active and with an eruption that began on 23 November 2014, finally ceasing on 7 February 2015. The Monte Amarelo conical shield forms most of the 476 km2 almost circular island of Fogo. After attaining a critical elevation of about 3500 m, the Monte Amarelo shield volcano was decapitated by a giant landslide that formed a caldera‐like depression (Cha das Caldeiras), which was subsequently partially filled by basaltic nested volcanism. This younger eruptive activity culminated in the construction of the 2829 m‐high Pico do Fogo stratocone, apparently entirely made of layers of basaltic lapilli. Continued growth of the Pico do Fogo summit eruptions was interrupted in 1750, most likely after the stratocone reached a critical height. Since then, at least eight eruptions have taken place inside the landslide depression at the periphery of the Pico do Fogo cone, including the 2014–2015 eruptive event. Strong geological similarities with the Canary Islands, 1400 km to the north, have been frequently noted, probably as a consequence of a common process of origin and evolution associated with a mantle hot‐spot. These similarities are particularly evident when comparing Fogo with the Teide Volcanic Complex on Tenerife, where a lateral collapse of the Las Cañadas stratovolcano also formed a large depression (the Caldera de Las Cañadas), now partially filled with the 3718 m‐high Teide stratocone. However, important geological differences also exist and probably relate to the contrasting evolutionary stages of both islands. The Las Cañadas volcano on Tenerife formed at a late post‐erosional stage, with predominantly evolved (trachyte and phonolite) magmas, while at Fogo basaltic volcanism is still dominant.
A Review of Diagnostic Strategies for Pulmonary Embolism Prediction in Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiograms

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) occurs when blood clots travel to the lungs from different parts of the body. It is amongst the most lethal cardio-respiratory diseases after stroke and heart attack. It occurs due to injury or inactivity due to Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Over the last decade, the PE mortality rate has increased by 23%. Moreover, Vein Thromboembolism has been one of the leading causes of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. As a result, the necessity for early pulmonary embolism identification has immense significance in saving human lives. Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiograms (CTPA) are the optimal medical imaging technique for diagnosing pulmonary embolism because of their superior sensitivity and specificity. The ability to distinguish between malignant and benign lungs using CTPA is critical for the early identification of the disease. The field of medical imaging analysis has significantly advanced due to the use of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques, notably Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), for automated disease detection. These Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems assist healthcare workers in rapid and knowledgeable decision-making, improving patient outcomes globally. This review paper offers a systematic study of current improvements in identifying PE by medical image processing, motivated by an extensive overview. This study attempts to bridge the gap between research and practice by providing a broad framework that covers both baseline and state-of-the-art approaches. It is a valuable resource for researchers and medical practitioners by providing insights into the effective utilization of advanced techniques at each stage of medical image analysis.
Football Practices in Hot Environments Impact Subsequent Days' Hydration

Abstract Ashley, CD, Lopez, RM, and Tritsch, AJ. Football practices in hot environments impact subsequent days' hydration. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 90–96, 2024—The impact of proper hydration to prevent exertional heat illness in American football has not been evaluated during high school preseason football practices in a hot environment (wet-bulb globe temperature = 31.3 ± 1.8° C). The purposes of this study were to examine the accuracy of urinary hydration measures to assess body mass (BM) changes and to examine carryover effects of consecutive practices by comparing postpractice with the next prepractice values. Before and after each of 7 outdoor practices, 31 male high school football players (age = 16 ± 1 years, height = 181.2 ± 12.0 cm, BM = 85.7 ± 19.1 kg, body mass index = 20.8 ± 1.8) provided a urine sample and were weighed to assess hydration. Sensitivity and specificity of urine color (Ucol) and urine-specific gravity (USG) to determine BM changes were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Paired samples t-tests assessed carryover effects between practices. Repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed carryover effects across practices. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Sensitivity and specificity for using Ucol or USG to determine BM changes was not significant. For Ucol, there was a carryover effect from practice numbers 2 to 3, 6 to 7 am, 7 am to 7 pm (p < 0.001 for all), and 10 to 11 (p = 0.004); most with less than 24 hours between practices. The %BM loss (%BML) was significantly greater (p = 0.001 to 0.024) after 2-a-day practices. Effects of previous days' exercise in the heat, as evidenced by higher Ucol and %BL, are greater after 2-a-day practices, which occurred on later practice days. Athletes must replenish fluids during and between practices to remain euhydrated.
Geology of the Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippines: an enigmatic South China continental fragment?

Abstract Mindanao Island in the southern Philippines is made up of two blocks: the island-arc-related eastern-central Mindanao block and the continental Zamboanga Peninsula, which contains several ophiolitic bodies and mélanges. The Middle Miocene Siayan-Sindangan Suture Zone represents the tectonic boundary between the island-arc and continental blocks. A Middle Miocene age of collision is interpreted from the unconformity between the Late Miocene Motibot Formation and the underlying Middle Miocene Gunyan Mélange, which serves as basement to the suture zone. The Middle Miocene Siayan-Sindangan Suture Zone was formerly a subduction zone complex that was reactivated as a sinistral strikeslip fault following the collision of eastern-central Mindanao with the Zamboanga Peninsula. New 40K-40Ar whole-rock dating of lava flows from the Zamboanga Peninsula has revealed Middle to Late Miocene ages, which is consistent with the possible existence of an Early Miocene Sulu Trench. The possibility that the Zamboanga Peninsula could be part of the Palawan microcontinental block has been forwarded by previous workers, due to their similarity in stratigraphy, geological structure and metamorphic rock suites. The Palawan microcontinental block separated from southern China during the opening of the South China Sea in Oligo-Miocene times. If indeed the Zamboanga Peninsula was once part of Palawan, it represents the southernmost part of the rifted southeastern China continental margin.
La forma urbana de Quito: una historia de centros y periferias

El presente articulo busca aportar elementos analiticos para reconstruir los procesos sociales reales sobre los cuales se cimentan la logica y las transformaciones del contexto urbano de Quito. Para el efecto se presentaran, bajo una estructura expositiva, las transformaciones historicas de la cuestion urbana en Quito. Asimismo, se caracterizaran los dos periodos principales del desarrollo urbano de la ciudad, el de consolidacion del Estado nacional y el de modernizacion capitalista, ambos en base a sus rasgos mas sobresalientes, teniendo como directrices las definiciones de crisis-transicion urbana, de forma y organizacion territorial, de politicas urbanas, de los sectores sociales, entre otros aspectos.
Influence of natural hydrocarbons on ozone formation in an isolated power plant plume

On 4 days during the 1995 Southern Oxidant Study (SOS), air samples were taken in the plume of the Cumberland Power Plant in Tennessee using an instrumented helicopter. On these days a notable difference in excess ozone in the plumes was observed. Excess ozone varied from 20 ppb on July 7, 1995, up to 55 ppb on July 16. While the total amount of non-methane VOC was quite similar, significant differences were observed in the levels of reactive hydrocarbons, mostly isoprene. This study examines the parameters that govern both emission rates of isoprene and its dispersion. These include temperature and wind speed on the surface and aloft, total solar radiation, and the height of the mixed layer. The results revealed and computer model simulations confirmed that although differences were not very large, the combinations of all of these parameters favored lower ambient isoprene levels and, consequently, lower ozone production on July 7 and higher production on the 3 other days.
From Energy Gradient and Natural Selection to Biodiversity, Trophication, and Drifting Equilibrium of Ecosystems

: The purpose of this paper is to incorporate well-established ecological principles into a foodweb model consisting of four trophic levels — abiotic resources, plants, herbivores, and carnivores. The underlining principles include Kimura’s neutral theory of genetic evolution, Liebig’s Law of the Minimum for plant growth, Holling’s functionals for herbivore foraging and carnivore predation, the One-Life Rule for all organisms, and Lotka-Volterra’s model for intra-and interspeciﬁc competitions. Numerical simulations of the model led to the following statistical ﬁndings: (a) particular foodwebs can give contradicting observations on biodiversity and productivity, in particular, all known functional forms — positive, negative, sigmoidal, and uni-modal correlations are present in the model; (b) drifting stable equilibria should be expected for ecosystems regardless of their size; (c) resource abundance and speciﬁc competitions are the main determining factors for biodiversity, with intraspeciﬁc competition enhancing diversity while in-terspeciﬁc competition impeding diversity; (d) endangered species are expected always and loss in lower trophic endangered species are expected at trophication, i.e. the establishment of a higher trophic level of a community. These ﬁndings may shed lights on some ongoing debates on bio-diversity. In particular, ﬁnding (a) implies that the diversity v.s. ecosystems functioning debate is most likely the result of incompatible particular observations each cannot be generalized to a statistical rule. In particular, general causality should not be expected between diversity and productivity. Finding (b) does not support May’s theory that large ecosystems are inherently unstable nor Eton’s theory that stability requires diversity. However, it lends a strong support to the energetic theory for the latitudinal diversity gradient. Finding (c) supports Darwin’s observation on the effect of interspeciﬁc competition on diversity. Finding (d) implies that loss of diversity is inevitable with the appearance of a super species like the human race. Our method and result also suggest that although the evolution of particular species cannot be predicted, some general statistic patterns appear to persist. In addition to the aforementioned ﬁndings, these persisting patterns include: the trophic succession, the trophic biomass separation in orders of magnitude, the upper bounds in biodiversity in relationship to the intensities of speciﬁc competitions despite the enormous possible number of species allowed by genetic mutations.
The Early Paleozoic history of the Cuyania (greater Precordillera) terrane of western Argentina: evidence from geochronology of detrital zircons from Middle Cambrian sandstones

U-Pb geochronology of large detrital zircons populations is a powerful tool for interpreting sandstone provenance. Here, it is applied to three Middle Cambrian sandstones from the Precordillera of Argentina with the purpose of using the provenance interpretations to test paleogeographic and paleotectonic models proposed for the Cuyania or Precordillera terrane. Two samples from the La Laja Formation have distinctive detrital zircon age distributions. All zircon grains fall within unimodal populations of 1688-1200 Ma in one sample and 1559- 1316 Ma in the other. Of these grains, 23% and 65%, respectively, are within the age range of the North American magmatic gap (1610-1490 Ma), indicating a non-Laurentian provenance. A very different sample was taken from a sandstone interval in a large olistolith within the Estancia San Isidro Formation. Its zircon population is dominated by a single, prominent 615-511 Ma age cluster, which is indicative of a provenance in a Brasiliano orogenic belt. The absence of zircons with Grenvillian ages (1200 to 950 Ma) is difficult to reconcile with paleogeographic and geotectonic models in which Cuyania rifted from Laurentia in Cambrian or Ordovician time. The data are most consistent with models in which Cuyania rifted from the southern margin of West Gondwana. Given a Cambrian association with Gondwana and a post-Ordovician arrival at its present position in Gondwana, the Cuyania terrane must have migrated along the southern and western margins of Gondwana during the Ordovician Period.
Improvement of local anisotropy estimation from VSP data through experimental design

We investigate a linear inversion scheme to determine the local anisotropy around a well using multi-azimuthal walkaway VSP data. The input data consist of the vertical components of the slowness vector and the polarization vector of direct and reflected P-wave measurements. The inversion assumes that weak anisotropy can be modelled by first-order perturbations around an isotropic reference medium. This inversion scheme is not restricted to symmetrical classes of anisotropy and the well local orientation. Based on numerical simulations, we show that the inversion is sensitive to the number and orientation of the acquired azimuths. Using conservative assumptions regarding the noise level, phase velocity can be well estimated for a limited angular opening around the well local orientation.
Stigmatized cohabitation in the Latvian region of the eastern Baltic littoral: nineteenth and twentieth centuries

The social history of coresidence arrangements in the Latvian region suggests that forms of cohabitation without marriage were present in the Latvian population since the eighteenth century when empirical evidence became available. Before the twentieth century, however, these forms remained marginal and seldom involved choice. The subject of severe criticism until the 1960s–1970s, such forms become more widespread thereafter as the Latvian population began to exhibit many key features of a second demographic revolution. Post-Soviet censuses now suggest that such coresidence patterns in the Latvian population approach the levels of those in most western European states, including the Scandinavian countries.