Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal Evolution of the Swell and Magmatic Fluxes Along the Louisville Hotspot Chain

Hawaii and Louisville are the two long‐lived hotspot chains in the Pacific basin. Characterizing the swell flux, Qs, a measure of the plume buoyancy, and the flux of the magmatic material accumulated along the chain, Qm, brings important constraints on the plumes' temporal evolution and on their interaction with the lithosphere. Numerous studies focus on the temporal evolution of the Hawaiian chain, but no study investigates the temporal evolution along the Louisville chain. In the present study we constrain the temporal evolution of the swell and magmatism fluxes along the Louisville chain, from volcano ages and bathymetry data. The overall Louisville magmatism flux appears nearly constant, that is, Louisville plume activity has exhibited remarkably little variation over the past 30 m.y. , in agreement with geochemical data. These results are also in agreement with recent studies along Hawaii, which show that the Qm increase is due to plume migration toward a more fertile mantle reservoir. This means that, in general, long term variations in Qm relate to variations in the deep source of the plume. Along Louisville, we find short‐term variations occurring with a periodicity of ∼5–10 m.y. in both Qm and Qs, similar to the short‐term variations observed along Hawaii by former studies. As these variations occur along hotspot chains associated with either a heterogenous or homogeneous chemical signature, they must be created by shallow phenomena. The tilt of the plume conduit by large‐scale mantle advection is our preferred model, as it can account for both the geophysical and geochemical observations.
Equivalence and Translation Quality Assessment towards News Translation:

This study aims to determine the type of equivalence contained in the news translation of VICE Indonesia YouTube channel and its impact on the translation quality. The data was taken from the subtitle transcript of VICE Indonesia. This research is conducted with qualitative descriptive method. Several theories are elaborated within this research namely, Nida & Taber theory of equivalence (cited in Panou, 2013, p.2) and the equivalence theory of Baker (2018), and the adopted model of translation quality assessment from Nababan et al. (2012). The results of this study showed that there are six types of equivalence found within the subtitles: formal equivalence, dynamic equivalence, equivalence at word level, equivalence above word level, grammatical equivalence, and pragmatic equivalence. Grammatical equivalence is the type that dominates the overall data. Furthermore, the findings shows that 66.67% of samples were categorized as less communicative, 58.33% of samples were evaluated as unacceptable translations, and 38.89% of the sample scored as high readability level.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION USING MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGE

In developing countries, rapid and unregulated population growth, along with economic and industrial growth and development have accelerated the rate of changes in land use and land cover (LULC) during the early twenty-first century. One of the most effective ways to assess and manage the land transformation is through quantitative assessment of LULC changes. To find the best classifier for further uses of earth observation data, it is necessary to compare the accuracy of several LULC modelling algorithms. In this paper, four machine learning (ML) algorithms/classifier namely support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT) have been examined using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor data. All the algorithms performed almost in a similar accuracy level, where SVM scores 84.00% of Cohen kappa and 90.74% of overall accuracy. These figures are 82.99% and 90.05% respectively for KNN. For RF, Cohen kappa and overall accuracy recorded 78.24% and 87.62% respectively. DT gained 74.46% for Cohen kappa and 85.51% for overall accuracy. Clearly SVM outperformed other algorithms in low spatial-resolution satellite data. The outcome of the study would help in different stages of LULC modelling. Moreover, it would help the planners and policy makers in formulation and preparation of land-based policy and planning to ensure sustainable living environment.
Fast finite-time consensus protocol of multi-agent systems with nonholonomic constraints

In this paper, a fast finite-time consensus protocol for multi-agent systems with nonholonomic constraints is studied. First, the chained form nonholonomic systems are transformed into two subsystems, which are the first-order subsystem and the reduced-order subsystem. Based on graph theory content and fast finite-time control theory, the fast finite-time consensus problems of the two subsystems are taken into consideration separately. Second, a switching control strategy is proposed to ensure that all states of multiple nonholonomic systems converge instantly to the same state in finite time. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON): An Ambispective Study of North Indian Cohorts

Background: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disease resulting in irreversible visual loss usually in patients belonging to the age group of 15–35 years. Clinically, the patients present with sequential or bilateral, painless, progressive visual loss with central (or ceco-central) scotomas. Although the three mutations, namely, G11778A, T14484C, and G3460A contribute to >95% of LHON cases globally, the relative frequency of each mutation varies. Aims and Objectives: We aimed to assess the clinical and genetic profile of patients with mutation-positive LHON at a north Indian tertiary care center. Materials and Methodology: One hundred sixty-one patients (61 prospective and 100 retrospective) presenting with the clinical diagnosis of LHON were screened for the three known mitochondrial mutations (G1178A, G3460A, T14448C). Patients were assessed for detailed clinical, ophthalmological, and neurological examinations. Five milliliter of blood sample was taken to assess the three known mutations using DNA isolation and Sanger sequencing. Results and Discussion: Clinical profile of 83 patients with both positive and negative mutations was analyzed. Twenty-three out of 161 patients (14.3%) tested positive for either of the three mutations. The majority of the patients harbored G11778A mutation (56.52%) followed by T14484C (34.78%) and G3460A (8.69%). No statistical difference could be noted between the clinical profiles of mutation-negative and -positive patients.
Indonesian EFL Teachers' Perceptions on Formative Assessment in Writing

Abstract Traditionally, the previous writing learning enterprise strictly focused its concern on gaining the fixed results from EFL educators in the form of scores or judgments. However, nowadays writing learning venture gradually abandons this old method to be replaced by formative assessment approach. It is strongly believed by worldwide researchers that the suitable implementation of formative assessment can enable learners to yield better writing qualities, gain more satisfying writing achievements, and foster their writing learning motivation. This present small-scale study was planned to further investigate Indonesian EFL teachers’ perceptions on the use of formative assessment in EFL writing. The data gathering processes relied on 5 open-ended written narrative inquiry questions in order to provide more rejuvenating insights for ELT experts and practitioners. These inquiries were distributed to 2 experienced Indonesian EFL teachers holding English Education Master Degree. 2 major specific themes were scientifically obtained namely: (1) Formative assessment can intensively guide learners to improve the quality of their writing and (2) Formative assessment can promote more holistic writing learning venture for all learners. Suggestively, these 2 themes aimed to suggest worldwide ELT parties to exhaustively preparing more authentic formative writing assessment activities for the betterment of future writing learning dynamics. Keywords: Formative assessment, EFL teachers, writing
Avian species abundance and habitat association in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria

Appraisal of avian species, especially in urban areas, is paramount to determining the health of the environment. The research focused on the abundance, diversity, and habitat association of avian species within and around the new bridge in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. The habitats selected were: Abattoir (Ab), Oxbow Lake (Ol), and Farmland (Fl). A line transect length of 100 m was laid (1 at Ab, 2 each at Ol and Fl). The line transect method was used to identify and estimate the abundance and diversity of birds (at 06:00–09:00 hrs and 15:00–18:00 hrs) aided with binoculars for 2 consecutive days weekly in June–November 2021. The Textbook on Birds of West Africa was used for the identification of the species. The dataset was analyzed using descriptive statistics and diversity indices. The result revealed a total number of 23 species (4061 individuals) belonging to 15 families. Five species (41 individuals), 19 species (2,804 individuals), and 8 species (1,216 individuals) were recorded at Abattoir, Oxbowlake, and Farmland, respectively. Ploceus cucullatus (55.68%) was the most abundant species, while Accipitridae (12.5%) was the dominant family recorded. Variation in density varies across the habitat, with farmland (723.13) being the densest area. The diversity indices indicated that farmland (D: 0.668, H1: 1.571, and richness (2.267)) had a high value when compared to other habitats. Conservation and management of urban avian species should be encouraged to promote avi-tourism.
More Metal Cyanide Species: Detection of AlNC (X 1Σ+) toward IRC +10216

A new metal-containing species, AlNC, has been detected toward the circumstellar envelope of the late-type carbon star IRC +10216, using the IRAM 30 m telescope. The J = 11 → 10, 12 → 11, and 13 → 12 rotational transitions at 2 mm and the J = 18 → 17 and J = 21 → 20 transitions at 1.2 mm of this linear, closed-shell molecule were observed in this object. The line profiles appear U-shaped, indicating a source ≳20'', and the horn-to-center ratios suggest a shell-like distribution. In contrast, the other two Al-bearing molecules previously detected, AlF and AlCl, exist exclusively near the stellar photosphere. Modeling of the detected transitions, assuming a spherical-shell distribution, indicates a column density of Ntot ~ 9 × 1011 cm-2 and a fractional abundance relative to H2 of ~ 3 × 10-10 for AlNC. A rotational temperature of Trot ~ 60 K was also derived for this molecule, suggesting that shock waves may be synthesizing AlNC in the outer envelope. This species is the fourth metal cyanide/isocyanide compound discovered in this object, along with MgNC, MgCN, and NaCN. These data suggest that cyanide/isocyanide species are the major molecular carriers of metals in circumstellar gas.
Heat Stress Increases Mammary Epithelial Cells and Reduces Viable Immune Cells in Milk of Dairy Cows

Simple Summary Heat stress has negative impacts on dairy production. This study examined the effect of heat stress on milk somatic cell populations in lactating dairy cows. The concentration and viability of mammary epithelial cells, T cells, monocyte/macrophage, and granulocytes in milk was compared in cows maintained under heat stressed versus thermoneutral conditions. Increases in the concentration of mammary epithelial cells and decreases in the concentration of live granulocytes and live total CD45+ cells in milk from heat stressed cows suggests a mechanism by which heat stress impacts milk production and immunocompetence of dairy cows. Abstract Somatic cells normally found in milk are generally either immune cells such as lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, or mammary epithelial cells. The number and composition of somatic cells in milk can be influenced by a variety of factors, including infection and temperature-humidity index. The objective of this study was to determine the specific effects of heat stress on the cellular composition of the somatic cell population in milk. We used flow cytometry to ascertain the concentration and viability of mammary epithelial cells, T cells, monocyte/macrophage, and granulocytes in milk from cows maintained under heat stressed conditions compared to thermoneutral conditions. We found a significant 10% increase in the natural log concentration of epithelial cells in the milk of heat stressed cows compared to thermoneutral cows (9.3 vs. 8.4 ln(cells/mL, p = 0.02)). We also found a 12% decrease in the log concentration of live CD45+ cells (p = 0.04), and a 17% decrease in the log concentration of live CD45+ granulocytes (p = 0.04). No changes were found in CD3+CD45+ cells or CD14+CD45+ cells, however, we noted an unusual population of CD14+CD45− cells that showed significant increases of 10% (p = 0.03) and 12% (p = 0.01) in the log concentration of total and dead cells, respectively, under heat stressed conditions. These results suggest that heat stress influences the relative populations and viability of some somatic cells populations in milk. Increased losses of secretory epithelial cells into milk could have implications for milk production, and fewer viable immune cells could negatively impact the immunocompetence of dairy cows under heat stress.
Measles and Rubella Incidence and Molecular Epidemiology in Senegal: Temporal and Regional Trends during Twelve Years of National Surveillance, 2010–2021

We investigated the epidemiology of measles and rubella infections in Senegal based on data from twelve consecutive years of laboratory-based surveillance (2010–2021) and conducted phylogenetic analyses of circulating measles viruses. Sera from measles-suspected cases were collected and tested for measles and rubella-specific IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Throat swabs were collected from patients with clinically diagnosed measles for confirmation by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral genotyping. Among 8082 laboratory-tested specimens from measles-suspected cases, serological evidence of measles and rubella infection was confirmed in 1303/8082 (16.1%) and 465/6714 (6.9%), respectively. The incidence of rubella is now low—0.8 (95% CI 0.4–1.3) cases per million people in 2021—whereas progress towards measles pre-elimination targets (<1.0 case per million people per year) appears to have stalled; there were 10.8 (95% CI 9.3–12.5) cases per million people in 2021. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all Senegalese measles strains belonged to genotype B3. The rubella virus sequence obtained in this study was consistent with genotype 1C. Our national surveillance data suggest that despite their low incidence both measles and rubella remain endemic in Senegal with a concerning stagnation in the decline of measles infections that represents a significant challenge to the goal of regional elimination.
The inner mass distribution of late-type spiral galaxies from SAURON stellar kinematic maps

We infer the central mass distributions within 0.4-1.2 disc scalelengths of 18 late-type spiral galaxies using two different dynamical modelling approaches - the asymmetric drift correction (ADC) and axisymmetric Jeans anisotropic multi-Gaussian expansion (JAM) model. ADC adopts a thin-disc assumption, whereas JAM does a full line-of-sight velocity integration. We use stellar kinematics maps obtained with the integral-field spectrograph {SAURON} to derive the corresponding circular velocity curves from the two models. To find their best-fitting values, we apply the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. ADC and JAM modelling approaches are consistent within 5 per cent uncertainty when the ordered motions are significant comparable to the random motions, I.e. overline{v_{φ }}/σ _R is locally greater than 1.5. Below this value, the ratio vc, JAM/vc, ADC gradually increases with decreasing overline{v_{φ }}/σ _R, reaching vc,JAM ≈ 2 × vc, ADC. Such conditions indicate that the stellar masses of the galaxies in our sample are not confined to their disc planes and likely have a non-negligible contribution from their bulges and thick discs.
Equilibrium model constraints on baryon cycling across cosmic time

Galaxies strongly self-regulate their growth via energetic feedback from stars, supernovae, and black holes, but these processes are among the least understood aspects of galaxy formation theory. We present an analytic galaxy evolution model that directly constrains such feedback processes from observed galaxy scaling relations. The equilibrium model, which is broadly valid for star-forming central galaxies that dominate cosmic star formation, is based on the ansatz that galaxies live in a slowly-evolving equilibrium between inflows, outflows, and star formation. Using a Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov chain approach, we constrain our model to match observed galaxy scaling relations between stellar mass and halo mass, star formation rate, and metallicity from 0<z<2. A good fit (chi^2~1.6) is achieved with eight free parameters. We further show that constraining our model to any two of the three data sets also produces a fit to the third that is within reasonable systematic uncertainties. The resulting best-fit parameters that describe baryon cycling suggest galactic outflow scalings intermediate between energy and momentum-driven winds, a weak dependence of wind recycling time on mass, and a quenching mass scale that evolves modestly upwards with redshift. This model further predicts a stellar mass-star formation rate relation that is in good agreement with observations to z~6. Our results suggest that this simple analytic framework captures the basic physical processes required to model the mean evolution of stars and metals in galaxies, despite not incorporating many canonical ingredients of galaxy formation models such as merging or disk formation.
The Effect of Alternating High-Sucrose and Sucrose Free-Diets, and Intermittent One-Day Fasting on the Estrous Cycle and Sex Hormones in Female Rats

Relationships between diet, sex hormone concentrations, and the estrous cycle are important from the perspective of infertility and estrogen-dependent disease prevention and treatment. Four dietary interventions reflecting modern eating behaviors were explored. The study involved 50 female rats divided into five feeding groups. The impact of the amount of sucrose consumed (9% and 18% of the dietary energy content), alternating high-sucrose and sucrose-free diets, and a high-sucrose diet combined with intermittent one-day fasting on the estrous cycle and sex hormone concentrations in female rats was assessed. Even low amounts of dietary sucrose (9% of the dietary energy content) were found to lead to increased estradiol (E2) concentrations and decreased progesterone (Pg) concentrations. A high-sucrose diet, even when periodically applied, additionally led to a reduced concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH). The largest changes in the hormones tested were observed with one-day fasting coupled with the high-sucrose diet; in addition, the estrous phase was shortened and the estrous cycle was disrupted. The results of this study show that both the amount of dietary sucrose and also its uptake pattern affect the estrous cycle and sex hormone concentrations in female rats.
How forgiveness relieves anxiety: the role of differentiation of self

ABSTRACT Although forgiveness has been found to reduce anxiety, no research to date has examined the actual mechanism. This could be derived from Murray Bowen’s theory and his concept of differentiation of self (DoS). In the present cross-sectional study, we tested a model in which self-differentiation mediates the link between dispositional forgiveness and trait anxiety. The sample was composed of 216 individuals. Polish adaptations of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used. Results indicated that the three aspects of DoS (emotional reactivity, I-position, emotional cut-off) partially mediated the negative association between total forgiveness and anxiety. Emotional reactivity and emotional cut-off mediated the association between reduced unforgiveness and anxiety while positive forgiveness–anxiety link was mediated by I-position and emotional cut-off. The findings demonstrate that differentiation of self might be a mechanism via which forgiveness reduces anxiety after one has been hurt.
Evaluation of Bioactive Glass and Low Viscosity Resin as Orthodontic Enamel Sealer: An In Vitro Study

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying fluoride bioactive glass (FBAG) and Alpha-Glaze® (resin sealer) on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel bonded by Transbond XT, brushing–abrasion durability, and their protective effect against simulated cariogenic acidic attack. Materials include 135 extracted premolars that were divided into three groups—FBAG, Alpha-Glaze, and control. The shear bond strength test was measured using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The brushing abrasion challenge took place with a tooth-brushing simulator. Transmitted light microscopy examinations were performed after the specimens were demineralized for 4 days. The results show that the shear bond strength values of the three groups did not report any statistically significant differences: FBAG (28.1 ± 5.5 Mpa), Alpha-Glaze (32.5 ± 7.4 Mpa), and control (30.7 ± 6.5 Mpa) p < 0.05. The Adhesive Remenant Index (ARI) study showed chipping of enamel in 6.6% of Alpha-Glaze and control specimens and 40% of specimens had their enamel surface covered with resin. Furthermore, 30% of the FBAG and 100% of the Alpha-Glaze sealer specimens resisted the abrasion test. In conclusion, FBAG can serve as an orthodontic-sealer capable of protecting the enamel surface surrounding orthodontic brackets. However, the Alpha-Glaze sealer did not offer the capability of protecting the enamel.
Off-shell Higgs signal and total width determination at the LHC

A substantial off-shell Higgs boson signal in the gluon fusion and vector boson fusion H --> ZZ and H --> WW channels at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) facilitates a novel, complementary approach to constraining the total Higgs width Gamma_H. With LHC Run 1 data, experimental analyses by CMS and ATLAS find Gamma_H < 5.4 Gamma_H,SM and Gamma_H < [4.5,7.5] Gamma_H,SM at 95% confidence level, respectively, where Gamma_H,SM is the expected value in the Standard Model at the measured Higgs boson mass. I review the theoretical basis of the new approach and discuss its significance in comparison to other methods to bound and measure the Higgs width at the LHC and future colliders.
Horizons: Exploring the Universe

By using a ''stars-first'' order, Seeds enables the student to understand how a small set of natural processes are responsible for a wide variety of phenomena and a diverse assortment of objects and gain perspective on our planet in relation to the rest of the universe. Breaking from the tradition of structuring a book according to the history of astronomical discoveries, Seeds' organization allows student to understand concepts and processes rather than memorize facts. Seeds' use of figures bolsters this understanding.