Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induced Resistance Mechanism of Twisted Disease Suppression of Shallot by Bacillus spp.

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria has been known for its ability to induce plant resistance on shallot against twisted disease. Its ability as a bioprotectant agent is estimated to be comparable to the efficacy of Trichoderma which is currently widely used as a biological control agent. This study aims to determine the content of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, peroxidase, and disease suppression in shallot by application of Bacillus velezensis B-27, Bacillus cereus RC76, and application with combination of both rhizobacteria. The application was carried out with tuber dipping for 30 minutes in each treatment with a bacterial density of 108 CFU mL-1. Application using Trichoderma was used as the comparison treatment, and the control plot was not given any treatment. Pathogen inoculation was carried out simultaneously as planting using Fusarium acutatum with a spore density of 106 CFU mL-1. The jasmonic and salicylic acids content was measured using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method, and the peroxidase content was determined using the spectrophotometric method. Disease suppression was measured at 10-day intervals. The results showed that treatment with Bacillus cereus RC76 increased jasmonic and salicylic acid levels, while application with Bacillus velezensis B-27 showed the highest level of peroxidase. Treatments with Bacillus spp. were able to suppress twisted disease by 72.2% to 100%. This study demonstrated that application Bacillus spp. suppressed twisted disease on shallot and increased the jasmonic and salicylic acid content as induced resistance mechanism against pathogens.
RELATIONSHIP OF WORKERS’ CHARACTERISTICS AND THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AGAINST THE ENHANCEMENT OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN SERUM ON KAPOK-PROCESSING INDUSTRY WORKERS AT BANDREK, PASURUAN

Introduction: The cotton processing industry is an industry that produces cotton dust during the production process. Workers are at risk of exposure to cotton dust, if inhaled and accumulated in the body will cause inflammation that causes an increase in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) serum. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between the use of personal protective equipment and worker characteristics that can cause an increase in serum CRP of workers before and after work in the cotton processing industry. Methods: This was observational research with a prospective longitudinal design. Respondents in this study were 11 workers in Bandrek village, Mojotengah, Pasuruan. Data collection of worker characteristics was done by interview and observation. Personal dust content data was collected using a personal dust sampler (PDS) with gravimetric calculation methods. increase in CRP data collection using blood specimen collection before and after and conducted laboratory testing using i-chroma reader. Measurement of average dust levels of 5.49 mg / m3. Result: There was no significant correlation between personal dust level (p = 0.324) and the use of PPE (p= 0,925) with the increase in CRP serum levels. There was a significant correlation between the ages of workers (p = 0.005), years of service (p = 0.006), and length of work (p = 0.004) with the increase in CRP serum level. Conclusion: The older the workers, the longer the working period and the longer the working hour, the higher the increase of CRP serum level would be.
Competitive Epidemic Spreading Over Networks

In this letter, we consider an epidemic model for two competitive viruses spreading over a metapopulation network, termed the ‘bivirus model’ for convenience. The dynamics are described by a networked continuous-time dynamical system, with each node representing a population and edges representing infection pathways for the viruses. We survey existing results on the bivirus model beginning with the nature of the equilibria, including whether they are isolated, and where they exist within the state space with the corresponding interpretation in the context of epidemics. We identify key convergence results, including the conclusion that for generic system parameters, global convergence occurs for almost all initial conditions. Conditions relating to the stability properties of various equilibria are also presented. In presenting these results, we also recall some of the key tools and theories used to secure them. We conclude by discussing the various open problems, ranging from control and network optimization, to further characterization of equilibria, and finally extensions such as modeling three or more viruses.
Wh-Dependency Processing in a Naturalistic Exposure Context: Sensitivity to Abstract Syntactic Structure in High-Working-Memory L2 Speakers

Abstract This study replicates Felser and Roberts (2007), which used a cross-modal picture priming task to examine indirect-object dependency processing in classroom L2 learners. The replication focuses on early L2 learners with extensive naturalistic L2 exposure (n = 22)—an understudied group in the literature—and investigates whether these learners, in contrast to those in the original study, reactivate the moved element at its original position in the sentence. Bayesian multilevel regression is used to analyze the data. The results suggest that higher-working-memory participants did reactivate the moved element at its structural origin. By extending previous research to an understudied group, the study contributes to our knowledge regarding sensitivity to abstract syntactic structure in L2 processing.
Obstetric Violence Is Prevalent in Routine Maternity Care: A Cross-Sectional Study of Obstetric Violence and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Sri Lanka’s Colombo District

The phenomenon of obstetric violence has been documented widely in maternity care settings worldwide, with scholars arguing that it is a persistent, common, but preventable impediment to attaining dignified health care. However, gaps remain in understanding local expressions of the phenomenon, associations with other types of violence against women, and implications for women’s trust and confidence in health providers and services. We focused on these issues in this cross-sectional study of 1314 women in Sri Lanka’s Colombo district. Specifically, in this study, we used Sinhalese and Tamil translations of the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire and the Abuse Assessment Screen to measure prevalence of women’s experiences with obstetric violence in maternity care and lifetime and pregnancy-specific domestic violence. Then, the results were interpreted by considering the women’s sociodemographic characteristics, such as age, ethnicity, and family income, to reveal previously undocumented associations between obstetric and domestic violence during pregnancy, as well as other factors associated with experiencing obstetric violence. We argue that obstetric violence is prevalent in government-sector (public) maternity care facilities in the Colombo district and is associated with young age, lower family income, non-majority ethnicity, and rural residency. Significantly, this study sheds light on a serious concern that has been underexamined, wherein women who report experiencing obstetric violence are also less likely to be asked by a health care provider about domestic violence experiences. Further research at the clinical level needs to focus on appropriate training and interventions to ensure women’s safety and cultivate relationships between patients and health care providers characterized by trust, confidence, and respect.
The concurrent accuracy of the modified telephone interview for cognitive status and mini-mental state examination tools in detection of cognitive impairment among older adults

ABSTRACT. Due to the need for face-to-face administration of many cognitive screening tests, it is not always feasible to screen large-scale samples. Objective: This study aimed to assess the discriminant validity of the Persian version of Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (P-TICS-m) and Mini-Mental State Examination in the middle-aged Iranian population. Methods: The P-TICS-m and MMSE were administered to 210 randomly selected middle-aged community-dwelling adults who had been registered in the Neyshabur Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Participants also underwent psychological examination by two neurologists to assess cognitive impairment based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) criteria. To evaluate the discriminant validity of P-TICS-m and MMSE with DSM-V criteria, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−) were calculated. Results: The mean age of the participants was 59.6±6.8 years. The TICS and MMSE were highly correlated (r=0.635, p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, LR+, and LR− to discriminate cognitive impairment were, respectively, 83%, 92%, 68%, 96%, 10, and 0.182 for MMSE and 100%, 13%, 19%, 100%, 1.16, and 0 for TICS-m. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis results showed no statistically significant differences between P-TICS-m and MMSE. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the TICS-m test can be used as a screening tool instead of the MMSE. Due to the low specificity and low PPV of the TICS-m compared to MMSE, the diagnosis should be confirmed using definitive diagnostic tests when a subject is classified as having cognitive impairment.
The Effect of Biochar and Cow Manual Fertilizer on Nutrition Upport and Production of Sweet Corn (Zea Mays L.)

The demand for sweet corn is increasing every year, one of the efforts to increase the production of sweet corn is to utilize suboptimal land such as post-PETI land. The purpose of the study was to examine the application of biochar and cow manure to nutrient uptake and the yield of sweet corn crops. This research was carried out in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture. This study is a factorial experiment arranged in a complete randomized design (RAL) with biochar and cow manure treatment. The first factor is biochar which consists of four dose levels, namely without biochar, biochar 6 tons / ha, 12 tons / ha and 18 tons / ha. The second factor is the application of manure with four dose levels, namely without manure, 20 tons / ha, 40 tons / ha and 60 tons / ha of manure each repeated 3 times, so that there are 48 experimental units. The results showed that pemberian pupuk cowshed as much as 60 tons / hectare and biochar as much as 18 tons / hectare can increase N absorption by 16.7%. The provision of cow shed p upuk as much as 40 tons / hectare and biochar as much as 18 tons / hectare can increase P and K absorption by 32.57% and 39.13%, respectively. The provision of cowshed p upuk as much as 20 tons / hectare and without biochar can increase Ca uptake by 3.74%. Hasil of sweet corn plants ranges from 0.3 to 1.67 tons / ha due to the application of manure and biochar.
An Instrumented Wheel to Measure the Wheel–Terrain Interactions of Planetary Robotic Wheel-on-Limb System on Sandy Terrains

Understanding the wheel–terrain interaction (WTI) is of great importance to improve the traversability of the planetary rovers. In this article, the design and implementation of an instrumented wheel (IW) for characterizing the WTIs are presented. Such an IW is the key technique of the wheel-on-limb detection (WOLD) system that aims for the forward terrain sensing and traversability prediction before the traversal of the rover. In situ measurements of the WTI forces, wheel velocity, and wheel contact angle, as well as the wheel sinkage, can be achieved via such an IW. Experimental calibration is first implemented to guarantee the IW performance. Then, field tests in the representative environments are conducted to verify the measured parameters of WTIs. It has indicated that such a system concept would be potentially applicable in the future long-safe planetary traverses concerning the rover payloads development and functional validation.
Lattice Boltzmann Discrete Numerical Simulation of Droplets Coalescence

In this paper, a liquid vapor program has been developed and applied for the study of the dynamics of two droplets coalescence. The underlying theoretical model makes it possible to couple the state equation of a non ideal fluid with the pressure tensor at the interface and uses the excess free‐energy density formalism. The Maxwell reconstruction procedure is reproduced by our simulation results. The Laplace and Gibbs‐Thomson equations are well satisfied for a liquid droplet at equilibrium. This proved the consistency of the model with thermodynamics. As an application, we have demonstrated the ability of LBM to predict complex phenomena within complex geometries in the case of droplets coalescence.
Comparative In Vitro Activity of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam against Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales from Five Latin American Countries

Background: Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is a combination of an antipseudomonal oxyiminoaminothiazolyl cephalosporin with potent in vitro activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and tazobactam, a known β-lactamase inhibitor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of C/T against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and Enterobacterales collected from five Latin American countries between 2016 and 2017, before its clinical use in Latin America, and to compare it with the activity of other available broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Methods: a total of 2760 clinical isolates (508 P. aeruginosa and 2252 Enterobacterales) were consecutively collected from 20 hospitals and susceptibility to C/T and comparator agents was tested and interpreted following the current guidelines. Results: according to the CLSI breakpoints, 68.1% (346/508) of P. aeruginosa and 83.9% (1889/2252) of Enterobacterales isolates were susceptible to C/T. Overall, C/T demonstrated higher in vitro activity than currently available cephalosporins, piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems when tested against P. aeruginosa, and its performance in vitro was comparable to fosfomycin. When tested against Enterobacterales, it showed higher activity than cephalosporins and piperacillin/tazobactam, and similar activity to ertapenem. Conclusions: these results show that C/T is an active β-lactam agent against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and Enterobacterales.
Experienced Effects on Well-Being following Smoking Cessation: Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

Background and Aims: There has been limited research addressing changes in subjective well-being as a result of quitting smoking. This paper examines recent ex-smokers’ well-being related experiences overall and as a function of (1) duration of cessation and (2) continued nicotine use from vaping. Methods: A sample of 1379 ever-daily smoking ex-smokers (quit for up to 5 years) from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US), of which 27.1% currently vaped daily. Well-being measures were perceived changes post-quitting in emotion coping (stress and negative emotions), enjoyment of life, and day-to-day functioning. We also assessed the level of persisting worry about past smoking leading to future health problems. Results: Overall, among those answering all four well-being measures, 51.8% of the ex-smokers reported positive effects and no negatives, but 27.3% reported at least one negative effect, with the remainder reporting no change in any measure. Positive effects were greater among those who had quit more than 1 year prior. The largest improvement (56.3%) was for daily functioning, which showed improvement over time since having quit. Current daily vapers reported similar well-being as those not vaping; however, fewer daily vapers reported worsening ability to cope with stress (10.2% vs. 20.7%). Overall, 84% reported being worried about future negative health effects of smoking, with no clear differences by quitting duration or vaping status. Conclusions: Most ex-smokers reported changes in their well-being since quitting, with more reporting improvements than declines. Well-being improved with duration of time since quitting, but did not appear to be influenced by daily vaping use, but stress coping may be better among vapers. Persisting worries about possible future health effects from smoking may be reducing the experienced benefits of quitting smoking for some.
Incentives for Investment in Fast Broadband: How Much Can Be Expected from the Proposed European Code?

In September 2016, the European Commission presented legislative proposals to replace the European Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications (RFEC) with a new European Electronic Communications Code. Among the many stated objectives was to stimulate more rapid investment in fast and ultra-fast broadband. One can argue that the RFEC was put in place in 2002, at a time when networks were not yet liberalised or privatised, and when investment needs of existing copper networks were fairly consistent and predictable. As a consequence, the RFEC put great emphasis on achieving competition, relatively little on achieving investment. This reflects to some extent a preference for optimisation of static efficiency over dynamic efficiency, which was perhaps in order given that the former is far easier to analyse than the latter. In this paper, we review the regulatory instruments that provided in the European Code, and consider based on the economic literature, publicly available statistics, and our own analysis the degree to which the Action Lines in the proposed European Code are likely (individually or collectively) to contribute to increased investment in fast broadband in practice. Our assessment is that the proposed enhancements to broadband policy in the proposed European Code are broadly in the right direction, and collectively are likely to offer network operators a more profitable and predictable business case for investment in high speed broadband. Notwithstanding our observations that the case for FTTP/FTTP can often be significantly overblown, we would still say that this is a welcome or overdue change. The risks implied by insufficient specification of these provisions in the European Code, and the lack of clarity as regards technological neutrality, are however significant. We would hope that these provisions can be sharpened in the course of the legislative process.
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: An Observational Study

Background and Objectives: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) has a high mortality. The treatment of CTEPH could be balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA), medical (MT) or pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). This study aims to assess the clinical characteristics of CTEPH patients, surgically or medically treated, in a pulmonology referral center. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 patients with PH with suspected CTEPH (53 male subjects and 71 female subjects; mean age at diagnosis 67 ± 6) were asked to give informed consent and then were evaluated. The presence of CTEPH was ascertained by medical evaluations, radiology and laboratory tests. Results: After the evaluation of all clinical data, 65 patients met the inclusion criteria for CTEPH and they were therefore enrolled (22 males and 43 females; mean age at diagnosis was 69 ± 8). 26 CTEPH patients were treated with PEA, 32 with MT and 7 with BPA. There was a statistically significant age difference between the PEA and MT groups, at the time of diagnosis, the PEA patients were younger than the MT patients, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in other clinical characteristics (e.g., smoking habit, thrombophilia predisposition), as well as functional and hemodynamic parameters (e.g., 6-min walk test, right heart catheterization). During three years of follow-up, no patients in the PEA groups died; conversely, eleven patients in the MT group died during the same period (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant decrease in plasma BNP values and an increase in a meter at the six-minute walk test, 1 and 3 years after surgery, were observed in the PEA group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study seems to confirm that pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) can provide an improvement in functional tests in CTEPH.
Small Sample Hyperspectral Image Classification Method Based on Dual-Channel Spectral Enhancement Network

Deep learning has achieved significant success in the field of hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, but challenges are still faced when the number of training samples is small. Feature fusing approaches based on multi-channel and multi-scale feature extractions are attractive for HSI classification where few samples are available. In this paper, based on feature fusion, we proposed a simple yet effective CNN-based Dual-channel Spectral Enhancement Network (DSEN) to fully exploit the features of the small labeled HSI samples for HSI classification. We worked with the observation that, in many HSI classification models, most of the incorrectly classified pixels of HSI are at the border of different classes, which is caused by feature obfuscation. Hence, in DSEN, we specially designed a spectral feature extraction channel to enhance the spectral feature representation of the specific pixel. Moreover, a spatial–spectral channel was designed using small convolution kernels to extract the spatial–spectral features of HSI. By adjusting the fusion proportion of the features extracted from the two channels, the expression of spectral features was enhanced in terms of the fused features for better HSI classification. The experimental results demonstrated that the overall accuracy (OA) of HSI classification using the proposed DSEN reached 69.47%, 80.54%, and 93.24% when only five training samples for each class were selected from the Indian Pines (IP), University of Pavia (UP), and Salinas Scene (SA) datasets, respectively. The performance improved when the number of training samples increased. Compared with several related methods, DSEN demonstrated superior performance in HSI classification.
An Embedded Crowdsensing Unit for Mobile Urban Pollution Monitoring

Crowdsensing using mobile sensors to gather environmental data is gaining momentum, given its potential to better reflect the status of larger areas than static stations. Crowdsensing using personal or vehicle devices can offer a flexible solution in smart city scenarios. Apart from regular bikes and mopeds, mobility devices such as e-scooters are sustainable and eco-friendly mobility solutions in urban settings, while at the same time they can offer a flexible mobile crowdsensing platform for environmental perception. However, new hardware designs for onboard units are necessary to cover dimension and power constraints at the same time that proper communications and air pollution sensors are integrated. The unit presented here covers these requirements with a hardware/software platform provided with low-power wide area network (LPWAN) communications, sensors for particulate matter (PMx), NOx, COx, 03, noise, and weather, and software-based management of peripherals and sensors to reduce power consumption. It involves a fully functional design that has been implemented, together with a proper LPWAN network deployment and a data collection back-end, and has been evaluated on e-scooters in terms of both communications capabilities and functionality for monitoring air and noise pollution in the city of Cartagena, Spain.