Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Minimum Base Resistance for Driven Pipe Piles in Siliceous Sand

This paper provides a rational method for evaluating a realistic lower bound for the base resistance of pipe piles in siliceous sand. Separate expressions are developed to represent the response to load of the pile plug, the sand below the pile base, and the sand below the pile annulus. These expressions are combined to give the overall base response of a pipe pile. Predicted responses are compared with databases compiled on the ultimate capacities of pipe piles and with base pressure-displacement characteristics observed in static load tests. The estimations are shown to match observed base resistances of large diameter piles for which the coring mode of penetration during driving dominates.
Evaluation of biological geotextiles for reducing runoff and soil loss under various environmental conditions using laboratory and field plot data

Preliminary investigations suggest biological geotextiles could be an effective and inexpensive soil conservation method, with enormous global potential. However, limited quantitative data are available on the erosion‐reducing effects of biological geotextiles. Therefore, the objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of biological geotextiles in reducing runoff and soil loss under controlled laboratory conditions and under field conditions reflecting continental, temperate and tropical environments. In laboratory experiments, interrill runoff, interrill erosion and concentrated flow erosion were simulated using various rainfall intensities, flow shear stresses and slope gradients. Field plot data on the effects of biological geotextiles on sheet and rill erosion were collected in several countries (UK, Hungary, Lithuania, South Africa, Brazil, China and Thailand) under natural rainfall. Overall, based on the field plot data, the tested biological geotextiles reduce runoff depth and soil loss rates on average by 46 per cent and 79 per cent, respectively, compared to the values for bare soil. For the field and laboratory data of all tested geotextiles combined, no significant difference in relative runoff depth between field measurements and interrill laboratory experiments is observed. However, relative soil loss rate for the concentrated flow laboratory experiments are significantly higher compared to the interrill laboratory experiments and the field plot measurements. Although this study points to some shortcomings of conducting laboratory experiments to represent true field conditions, it can be concluded that the range and the mean relative runoff depth and soil loss rate as observed with the field measurements is similar to those as observed with the interrill laboratory experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and Functional Changes in Non-Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy

Background: To describe longitudinal changes in patients with non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy (npAIR) by utilizing different diagnostic modalities/tests. Methods: The index study is a retrospective longitudinal review of sixteen eyes of eight patients from a tertiary care eye hospital diagnosed with npAIR. Multiple diagnostic modalities such as wide-angle fundus photography (WAFP), WA fundus autofluorescence (WAFAF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), Goldmann visual field (GVF) perimetry, microperimetry (MP), electrophysiologic testing, and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) were reviewed and analyzed. Results: At the baseline visits, anomalies were detected by multimodal diagnostic tests on all patients. Subjects were followed up for a median duration of 11.5 [3.0–18.7] months. Structural changes at the baseline were detected in 14 of 16 (87.5%) eyes on WAFP and WAFAF and 13 of 16 (81.2%) eyes on SD-OCT. Eight of the ten (80%) eyes that underwent AOSLO imaging depicted structural changes. Functional changes were detected in 14 of 16 (87.5%) eyes on GVF, 15 of 16 (93.7%) eyes on MP, and 11 of 16 (68.7%) eyes on full-field electroretinogram (ff-ERG). Multifocal electroretinogram (mf-ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) tests were performed in 14 eyes, of which 12 (85.7%) and 14 (100%) of the eyes demonstrated functional abnormalities, respectively, at baseline. Compared to all the other structural diagnostic tools, AOSLO had a better ability to demonstrate deterioration in retinal microstructures occurring at follow-ups. Functional deterioration at follow-up was detected on GVF in 8 of 10 (80%) eyes, mf-ERG in 4 of 8 (50%) eyes, and MP in 7 of 16 (43.7%) eyes. The ff-ERG and VEP were stable in the majority of cases at follow-up. Conclusions: The utilization of multimodal imaging/tests in the diagnosing and monitoring of npAIR patients can aid in identifying anomalous changes over time. Analysis of both the anatomical and functional aspects by these devices can be supportive of detecting the changes early in such patients. AOSLO shows promise as it enables the capture of high-resolution images demonstrating quantifiable changes to retinal microstructure.
Word Formation with Foreign Lexemes: The Case of Hybrid Compounds in Arabic

Arabic compounds consist of a group of two or three words joined together into one vocabulary unit. Syntactically, Arabic compounds consist of a Noun + adjective; Noun + apposited noun; Noun + apposited noun + adjective; Noun + apposited N. + apposited N; Noun + the negative particle لا no/non; compound adverbs; and compound particles. Orthographically, the lexical items in most Arabic compounds are separated by a blank, few are agglutinated (spelled together) and few more are hyphenated. This study aimed to explore the status of hybrid compounds in Arabic within its terminological structure; their denotative and connotative meanings; how productive they are; whether they are used in Standard or Colloquial Arabic; whether they are permanent or transient; in which domains they are used; and why hybrid compounds are coined by Arabic-speakers. To achieve those purposes, a corpus of hybrid compounds containing the foreign lexemes/affixes Arabia, book, café, cast, center, co, com. , expo, extra, for, gate, hyper, leaks, link, mania, mart, media, meter; mini, mobile, net, pal, pedia, petro, pharma, phone, press, pro, sat, show, soft, super, talk, tech, tic, times, top, tube, ultra, web, and wiki combined with Arabic lexemes was collected. Data analysis showed that specialized hybrid compounds, those used for names of satellite T.V. station, names of electronic newspapers, news agencies and companies are more permanent than those used during the Arab Spring or those used in names of forums, blogs, T.V. shows or newspaper articles which appeared for a short time then disappeared. The former set of hybrid compounds are used in Standard Arabic and formal contexts, whereas the latter set is used in Colloquial Arabic. The former constitutes a small set of hybrid compounds coined by specialists and Arabic language academies, whereas the latter is more prolific as those compounds were created by activists, political analysts, journalists, and social media users. The study revealed promotional, linguistic, globalization and sociocultural factors for coining hybrid compounds, and lack of a business naming policy. Hybrid compounds constitute a threat to Arabic and hinder the linguistic development of the young generation.
Miroslav Volf's Theosophy and Charitable Social Living

Worldviews of Christian practice across society globally inevitably revolve around Christianity's mainstream sense of patterned spirituality. Christian spirituality is such a diverse practice, though, that researchers have decided spirituality itself is unable to be quantified as one segmented behavior. Christian spirituality is neither merely a hierarchical ladder nor simply something designed to attain ultimate spirituality. Patterns of glorifying private Christian spirituality become the locality of Miroslav Volf's criticism as both philosopher and theologian. The data collected here represents qualitative research utilizing interview techniques recorded on smartphones. The recordings were processed into verbatim transcripts as a medium for gathering narratives related to the subjects' experiences. We conducted qualitative research through interview techniques, as Christian life and the practices of society and self are closely related to the subjects' lives and their social engagement. The results showed that spirituality is both a tension and a celebration of diversity within Christian practices in everyday life. Spirituality within the research context of the Christian youth congregation in Palangka Raya Church exists within responsibilities, appreciations, mutual learnings, and becoming immersed within social axioms as Christian citizens in and through life in all of its complexities
Use of Peer-Led Web-Based Platforms for Peer-Assisted Learning Among Canadian Anesthesia Residents and Fellows: Cross-Sectional Study

Background Peer-assisted learning (PAL) using peer-led web-based platforms (PWPs), including social media, can be a highly effective method of supporting medical trainees. PWPs, such as mobile apps for sharing anesthesia resources and social media groups or discussion forums pertaining to anesthesia training, may play a role in facilitating anesthesia trainee-led web-based education. However, there have been many challenges facing anesthesia trainees when it comes to incorporating PWPs, especially social media and mobile apps for PAL. Objective The primary objective of this survey was to assess the proportion of trainees that use social media and mobile apps. The secondary objective was to identify the trainees’ perceptions on the use of social media and mobile apps for educational purposes, including PAL. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey administered via email at a single large academic center. The survey tool collected data between 2016 and 2017 on the following: demographic data (year of study, field of specialty), use of technology and web-based resources for medicine, use of social media platforms for anesthesia or training, benefits and barriers to future uses of social media for training, and ideas for trainee-led websites. Descriptive statistics were reported. Results In total, 80 anesthesia trainees (51 residents and 29 fellows) responded to the survey (response rate of 33% of out 240 trainees contacted). All trainees reported having a mobile device that most (n=61, 76%) reported using multiple times a day to access medical resources. The highest perceived benefits of PWPs according to residents were that the most valuable information was available on-demand (n=27, 53%), they saved time (n=27, 53%), and they improved their overall learning experience within anesthesia (n=24, 47%). In comparison, fellows thought that PWPs were beneficial because they provided multiple perspectives of a single topic (n=13, 45%) and served as an additional platform to discuss ideas with peers (n=13, 45%). The most popular platforms used by both residents and fellows were Facebook (residents: n=44, 86%; fellows: n=26, 90%) followed by LinkedIn (residents: n=21, 42%; fellows: n=9, 29%). Even though most anesthesia trainees used social media for personal reasons, only 26% (n=21) reported having used resident- or fellow-driven PWP resources. Examples of PWPs that trainees used included anesthesia groups and a resident Dropbox resource folder. Conclusions There was generally an acceptance for using PWPs for PAL as they provided various benefits for trainees at all levels of learning. PWPs have the potential to garner an increased sense of community and sharing within learning experiences throughout all levels of training. The information gained from this survey will help inform the basis for developing an anesthesia trainee-led e-learning platform.
Tracing the Agulhas leakage with lead isotopes

The transport of warm and salty waters from the Indian Ocean to the South Atlantic by the Agulhas Current constitutes a key return route of the meridional overturning circulation. Despite the importance of the Agulhas Leakage on interoceanic exchange, its role on biogeochemical cycles is poorly documented. Here we present the first lead (Pb) concentration and isotope data for surface seawater collected during the GEOTRACES cruise D357 in the Agulhas current system. Lead in surface waters of the Cape Basin is described by three distinct end‐members: the South African coast, open South Atlantic seawater, and Indian Ocean seawater. The latter stands out in its Pb isotopic composition and can be tracked within two distinct Agulhas rings. High Pb concentrations in the Agulhas rings further corroborate an Indian Ocean provenance of waters and suggest that the Agulhas Leakage represents a major conduit not only for heat but also for trace metals.
Strategic environmental assessment in coastal zones, especially Australia's

Intense resource use and development pressure on the world's coastal zone has prompted international calls for integrated coastal management programmes. Associated with increasing coastal development has been the uncoordinated use of project-based environmental impact assessment (EIA) applied to individual coastal projects. In Australia, there is a complexity of different pieces of EIA legislation at federal and state level, and little enthusiasm to adopt the more recently developed formal strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of policies, programmes and plans. Australian coastal management has a parallel complexity of state-level legislation, although day-to-day decisions are mostly taken by local coastal managers. This paper illustrates the inadequacy of project-based EIA for coastal developments with generic environmental issues, and gives an Australian example of an SEA approach to overcome these problems.
Segregación y condiciones residenciales de los inmigrantes africanos en Almería (España)

En este articulo se analiza la situacion residencial de los inmigrantes africanos en la provincia de Almeria, en Espana. Para ello se estudian dos aspectos: por un lado, la segregacion residencial; por otro, las condiciones de los alojamientos habitados por los inmigrantes, con base en los indicadores de estabilidad, adecuacion, habitabilidad y accesibilidad residencial. Los resultados muestran una segregacion residencial elevada y una situacion residencial deficiente, pues casi tres de cada cuatro inmigrantes africanos ocupan una residencia no digna. La razon principal de esta situacion es la discriminacion etnica. ABSTRACT In this article the residential situation of the immigrants coming from Africa to the province of Almeria in Spain is described, analyzing mainly two aspects. Firstly, the residential segregation. Secondly, the characteristics of the lodgings inhabited by the immigrants, taking as reference the indicators of stability, adequacy, habitability and affordability.The results show a high residential segregation and a deficient residential situation, where almost three out of every four African immigrants live in a residence not decent. The main reason that explains this situation is the ethnic discrimination.
Evidence for Caledonian sinistral strike-slip motion and associated fault zone weakening, Outer Hebrides Fault Zone, NW Scotland

The Outer Hebrides Fault Zone is a major ESE-dipping reactivated fault within the Lewisian gneisses of the Laurentian craton in NW Scotland. Early thrust structures are overprinted by a network of retrograde ductile shear zones in which fluid channelling has hydrated the pre-existing basement rocks at low temperatures, forming chlorite-white mica phyllonites in regions of highest strain. Strike-parallel mineral lineations and shear-sense indicators suggest sinistral displacements that are thought to be late Caledonian based on isotopic data and regional considerations. The phyllonites have focused extensional movements that overprint strike-slip fabrics and may control the location of the Mesozoic Sea of Hebrides and Minch basins.
Giant quantum oscillations of acoustoelectric current in narrow graphene nanoribbons

A theory is presented for the acoustoelectric (AE) effect in narrow graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) deposited on a piezoelectric substrate when a surface acoustic wave (SAW) is launched onto the surface of the piezoelectric. It is assumed that the electron density in such GNRs can be controlled by applying an external gate voltage, and the acoustic wavelength is much smaller than the mean free path of electrons, so that the quantum mode of interaction of those electrons with the SAW in realized. Using the kinetic theory approach, we calculate the AE current flowing through the GNR sample and arising as a result of momentum transfer from coherent SAW phonons to conduction electrons. It is shown that size quantization of the electron energy spectrum in narrow GNRs leads to giant periodic oscillations of the AE current with a change in the gate voltage. AE current surges occur whenever the Fermi level, rising with increasing gate voltage, crosses in turn the bottom of each of the successive size-quantized electron energy subbands. The oscillations predicted are giant in the sense that the maximum values of the current exceed its minimum values by at least an order of magnitude, and they can be observed in narrow GNRs ∼10 nm wide even at room temperature.
Volunteers’ growth mindset and continuance intention: what are the roles of nostalgia and positive emotions?

This study examined the cognitive and affective aspects of volunteering experiences by focusing on the relationships between volunteers’ growth mindset, nostalgia, positive emotions, and their intention to continue volunteering. A total of 364 responses were collected from volunteers who had volunteered within the past 5 years. Results showed that the growth mindset had a positive effect on nostalgia, which in turn positively affected valenced emotions toward volunteering. Nostalgia and volunteers’ positive emotions positively influenced their intention to continue volunteering. All indirect effects via nostalgia were significant. This study lays the groundwork to identify the role of nostalgia in volunteerism and contributes to extending the literature on growth mindset and mindset theory.
Pass-through core measurements of magnetic susceptibility and natural gamma ray, New Jersey Coastal Plain

We measured magnetic susceptibility (MS) and core gamma radiation (CGR) on 3162 ft (963.9 m) of core recovered by the New Jersey Coastal Plain Drilling Project (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 150X) at Island Beach, Atlantic City, and Cape May, New Jersey. Integration of core lithology, core/log (MS and CGR), and downhole gamma-ray (DGR) log studies have (1) documented the core/log expression of previously determined unconformities; (2) shown that MS is a proxy for glauconite percent in the New Jersey Coastal Plain; (3) illustrated a major change in sedimentation from shelfal glauconite evidenced by very high MS values to deltaic deposition with low MS values in the earliest Miocene (ca. 22 Ma); (4) shown that comparison of MS and CGR with DGR can be used to resolve discrepancies in depth between downhole logs and cores; and (5) shown that the CGR detects some zones noted in the lithology (e.g., phosphate rich zones) that are not resolved in the DGR.
The association between social media use and well-being during quarantine period: testing a moderated mediation model

Objectives Social media use (SMU) increased dramatically during COVID-19 due to policies such as long-term quarantine. Given that SMU has complex effects on individuals’ well-being, this study aimed to explore the relationship between SMU and subjective well-being and the influencing factors in the context of the pandemic in China. Methods A total of 895 adults (413 males) in different risk areas across China participated in this study. They provided self-reported data on subjective well-being, social media use, adaptive humor, and other demographic variables. Results It revealed that SMU was positively associated with individual well-being, an effect partially mediated by the score of adaptive humor. Furthermore, the effect of SMU on adaptive humor was moderated by trait optimism, with the effect more robust in high (vs. low) optimistic individuals. Conclusion This study explored the positive effects of SMU on individuals’ well-being, suggesting that individuals may better cope with negative experiences and maintain well-being under quarantine by showing more adaptive humor on social media.
The Effect of Perceived Environmental Uncertainty on University Students’ Anxiety, Academic Engagement, and Prosocial Behavior

Uncertainty, as the predominant characteristic of the contemporary landscape, poses significant challenges and exerts profound influence on individual decision making and behaviors; however, there remains a limited understanding of its impact on university student behavior. Building upon the uncertainty management theory, this study presents a conceptual framework to investigate the impact of perceived environmental uncertainty on university students’ anxiety levels and behaviors, including academic engagement and prosocial behavior. Additionally, our model proposes that the intolerance of uncertainty moderates a mediating effect on anxiety. These hypotheses are empirically tested using a sample of 221 Chinese university students. The results reveal a positive relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty and anxiety among university students; subsequently, anxiety exerts a negative influence on both academic engagement and prosocial behavior. Furthermore, we find that anxiety serves as a psychological mediator between perceived environmental uncertainty and both academic engagement and prosocial behavior. This research also underscores the significance of the intolerance of uncertainty in shaping university students’ involvement in academic pursuits when confronted with anxiety stemming from perceived environmental uncertainty. Consequently, these findings have practical implications for facilitating university students’ adaptive coping strategies in uncertain contexts and mitigating the negative effects of anxiety on their behavioral responses.