Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of spatially distributed sectoral water management on the redistribution of water resources in an integrated water model

Realistic representations of sectoral water withdrawals and consumptive demands and their allocation to surface and groundwater sources are important for improving modeling of the integrated water cycle. To inform future model development, we enhance the representation of water management in a regional Earth system (ES) model with a spatially distributed allocation of sectoral water demands simulated by a regional integrated assessment (IA) model to surface and groundwater systems. The integrated modeling framework (IA‐ES) is evaluated by analyzing the simulated regulated flow and sectoral supply deficit in major hydrologic regions of the conterminous U.S, which differ from ES studies looking at water storage variations. Decreases in historical supply deficit are used as metrics to evaluate IA‐ES model improvement in representating the complex sectoral human activities for assessing future adaptation and mitigation strategies. We also assess the spatial changes in both regulated flow and unmet demands, for irrigation and nonirrigation sectors, resulting from the individual and combined additions of groundwater and return flow modules. Results show that groundwater use has a pronounced regional and sectoral effect by reducing water supply deficit. The effects of sectoral return flow exhibit a clear east‐west contrast in the hydrologic patterns, so the return flow component combined with the IA sectoral demands is a major driver for spatial redistribution of water resources and water deficits in the US. Our analysis highlights the need for spatially distributed sectoral representation of water management to capture the regional differences in interbasin redistribution of water resources and deficits.
The Cauchy-Dirichlet problem for singular nonlocal diffusions on bounded domains

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We study the Cauchy-Dirichlet Problem (CDP) for a nonlinear and nonlocal diffusion equation of singular type of the form <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \partial_t u = - \mathcal{L} u^m $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> posed on a bounded Euclidean domain <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ \Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^N $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> with smooth boundary and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ N\ge 1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. The linear diffusion operator <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{L} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is a sub-Markovian operator, allowed to be of nonlocal type, while the nonlinearity is of singular type, namely <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ u^m = |u|^{m-1}u $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ 0<m<1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. The prototype equation is the Fractional Fast Diffusion Equation (FFDE), when <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{L} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is one of the three possible Dirichlet Fractional Laplacians on <inline-formula><tex-math id="M8">\begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. </p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>We provide a complete basic theory for solutions to (CDP): existence and uniqueness in the biggest class of data known so far, both for nonnegative and signed solutions; sharp smoothing estimates: classical <inline-formula><tex-math id="M9">\begin{document}$ L^p-L^\infty $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> smoothing effects, and new weighted estimates, which represent a novelty also in local case, i.e. <inline-formula><tex-math id="M10">\begin{document}$ u_t = \Delta u^m $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. We compare two strategies to prove smoothing effects: Moser iteration VS Green function method. </p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>Due to the singular nonlinearity and to presence of nonlocal diffusion operators, the question of how solutions satisfy the lateral boundary conditions is delicate and we answer it by quantitative upper boundary estimates. </p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>Finally, we show that solutions extinguish in finite time and we provide upper and lower estimates for the extinction time, together with explicit sharp extinction rates in different norms. </p>
Geometry of Finite-Time Thermodynamic Cycles With Anisotropic Thermal Fluctuations

In contrast to the classical concept of a Carnot engine that alternates contact between heat baths of different temperatures, naturally occurring processes usually harvest energy from anisotropy, being exposed simultaneously to chemical and thermal fluctuations of different intensities. In these cases, the enabling mechanism responsible for transduction of energy is typically the presence of a non-equilibrium steady state (NESS). A suitable stochastic model for such a phenomenon is the Brownian gyrator – a two-degree of freedom stochastically driven system that exchanges energy and heat with the environment. In the context of such a model we present, from a stochastic control perspective, a geometric view of the energy harvesting mechanism that entails a forced periodic trajectory of the system state on the thermodynamic manifold. Dissipation and work output are expressed accordingly as path integrals of a controlled process, and fundamental limitations on power and efficiency are expressed in geometric terms via a relationship to an isoperimetric problem. The theory is presented for high-order systems far from equilibrium and beyond the linear response regime.
Square function estimates for conical regions

We prove square function estimates for certain conical regions. Speciﬁcally, let { ∆ j } be regions of the unit sphere S n − 1 and let S j f be the smooth Fourier restriction of f to the conical region { ξ ∈ R n : ξ/ | ξ | ∈ ∆ j } . We are interested in the following estimate The ﬁrst result is: when { ∆ j } is a set of disjoint δ -balls, then the estimate holds for p = 4. The second result is: In R 3 , when { ∆ j } is a set of disjoint δ × δ 1 / 2 -rectangles contained in the band S 2 ∩ N δ ( { ξ 21 + ξ 22 = ξ 23 } ) and supp b f ⊂ { ξ ∈ R 3 : ξ/ | ξ | ∈ S 2 ∩ N δ ( { ξ 21 + ξ 22 = ξ 23 } ) } , then the estimate holds for p = 8. The two estimates are sharp.
Towards a Better Understanding of Academic Persistence among Freshmen : A Qualitative Approach

Persistence in the first year at university is a phenomenon that has been studied many times. However, most research has taken a very linear view of the persistence process and little research has attempted to understand persistence by taking into account its full complexity. Yet the process of academic persistence is punctuated by striking events and critical moments that may interact with the characteristics of the student and his environment and then have some influence on persistence. In this perspective, a qualitative study was conducted to better investigate the process of persistence. This study confirms the idea that persistence is a more complex phenomenon than it had previously seemed and shows that there are different pathways resulting in students persisting or dropping out.
Testing physical models for dipolar asymmetry: from temperature to k space to lensing

One of the most intriguing hints of a departure from the standard cosmological model is a large-scale dipolar power asymmetry in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). If not a statistical fluke, its origins must lie in the modulation of the position-space fluctuations via a physical mechanism, which requires the observation of new modes to confirm or refute. We introduce an approach to describe such a modulation in k space and calculate its effects on the CMB temperature and lensing. We fit the k-space modulation parameters to Planck 2015 temperature data and show that CMB lensing will not provide us with enough independent information to confirm or refute such a mechanism. However, our approach elucidates some poorly understood aspects of the asymmetry, in particular that it is weakly constrained. Also, it will be particularly useful in predicting the effectiveness of polarization in testing a physical modulation.
mparison of estuarine sediment record with modelled tes of sediment supply from a western European catchment ce 1500 ́

Marine and estuarine sediment records reporting impacts of historical land use changes exist worldwide, but they are rarely supported by direct quantified evidence of changes in denudation rates on the related catchments. Here we implement a spatially-resolved RUSLE soil erosion model on the 10 000 km Charente catchment (France), supplied with realistic scenarios of land-cover and climate changes since 1500, and compare the results to a C-dated estuarine sediment record. Despite approximations, the model correctly predicts present-day Charente river sediment load. Back-cast modelling suggests that the Charente catchment is an interesting case where the sediment supply did not change despite increase in soil erosion resulting from 18th-century deforestation because it was mitigated by drier climate during the same period. Silt-sand alternations evidenced in the sediment record were correlated with sub-decadal rainfall variability. 2015 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: clement.poirier@unicaen.fr (C. Poirier), il.poitevin@univ-lr.fr (C. Poitevin), eric.chaumillon@univ-lr.fr Chaumillon).
A Search-Based Framework for Automatic Generation of Testing Environments for Cyber-Physical Systems

Many modern cyber physical systems incorporate computer vision technologies, complex sensors and advanced control software, allowing them to interact with the environment autonomously. Testing such systems poses numerous challenges: not only should the system inputs be varied, but also the surrounding environment should be accounted for. A number of tools have been developed to test the system model for the possible inputs falsifying its requirements. However, they are not directly applicable to autonomous cyber physical systems, as the inputs to their models are generated while operating in a virtual environment. In this paper, we aim to design a search based framework, named AmbieGen, for generating diverse fault revealing test scenarios for autonomous cyber physical systems. The scenarios represent an environment in which an autonomous agent operates. The framework should be applicable to generating different types of environments. To generate the test scenarios, we leverage the NSGA II algorithm with two objectives. The first objective evaluates the deviation of the observed system behaviour from its expected behaviour. The second objective is the test case diversity, calculated as a Jaccard distance with a reference test case. We evaluate AmbieGen on three scenario generation case studies, namely a smart-thermostat, a robot obstacle avoidance system, and a vehicle lane keeping assist system. We compared three configurations of AmbieGen: based on a single objective genetic algorithm, multi objective, and random search. Both single and multi objective configurations outperform the random search. Multi objective configuration can find the individuals of the same quality as the single objective, producing more unique test scenarios in the same time budget.
SMEMO: Social Memory for Trajectory Forecasting

Effective modeling of human interactions is of utmost importance when forecasting behaviors such as future trajectories. Each individual, with its motion, influences surrounding agents since everyone obeys to social non-written rules such as collision avoidance or group following. In this paper we model such interactions, which constantly evolve through time, by looking at the problem from an algorithmic point of view, i.e. as a data manipulation task. We present a neural network based on an end-to-end trainable working memory, which acts as an external storage where information about each agent can be continuously written, updated and recalled. We show that our method is capable of learning explainable cause-effect relationships between motions of different agents, obtaining state-of-the-art results on multiple trajectory forecasting datasets.
Simulation of tissue differentiation around acetabular cups: the effects of implant-bone relative displacement and polar gap

Peri-acetabular bone ingrowth plays a crucial role in long-term stability of press-fit acetabular cups. A poor bone ingrowth often results in increased cup migration, leading to aseptic loosening of the implant. The rate of peri-prosthetic bone formation is also affected by the polar gap that may be introduced during implantation. Applying a mechano-regulatory tissue differentiation algorithm on a two-dimensional plane strain microscale model, representing implant-bone interface, the objectives of the study are to gain an insight into the process of peri-prosthetic tissue differentiation and to investigate its relationship with implant-bone relative displacement and size of the polar gap. Implant-bone relative displacement was found to have a considerable influence on bone healing and peri-acetabular bone ingrowth. An increase in implant- bone relative displacement from 20 µm to 100 µm resulted in an increase in fibrous tissue formation from 22% to 60% and reduction in bone formation from 70% to 38% within the polar gap. The increase in fibrous tissue formation and subsequent decrease in bone formation leads to weakening of the implant-bone interface strength. In comparison, the effect of polar gap on bone healing and peri-acetabular bone ingrowth was less pronounced. Polar gap up to 5 mm was found to be progressively filled with bone under favourable implant-bone relative displacements of 20 µm along tangential and 20 µm along normal directions. However, the average Young's modulus of the newly formed tissue layer reduced from 2200 MPa to 1200 MPa with an increase in polar gap from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, suggesting the formation of a low strength tissue for increased polar gap. Based on this study, it may be concluded that a polar gap less than 0.5 mm seems favourable for an increase in strength of the implant-bone interface.
Syddansk Universitet Depression , anxiety and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery a five year longitudinal cohort study

Background: Although depression and anxiety have been implicated in risk for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a theoretical approach to identifying such putative links is lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the association between theoretical conceptualisations of depression and anxiety with MACCE at the diagnostic and symptom dimension level. Methods: Before coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, patients (N = 158; 20.9 % female) underwent a structured clinical interview to determine caseness for depression and anxiety disorders. Depression and anxiety disorders were arranged into the distress cluster (major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder) and fear cluster (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia). Patients also completed the self-report Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire, measuring anhedonia, anxious arousal and general distress/negative affect symptom dimensions. Incident MACCE was defined as fatal or non-fatal; myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, repeat revascularization, heart failure, sustained arrhythmia, stroke or cerebrovascular accident, left ventricular failure and mortality due to cardiac causes. Time-to-MACCE was determined by hazard modelling after adjustment for EuroSCORE, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, heart failure and peripheral vascular disease. Results: In the total sample, there were 698 cumulative person years of survival for analysis with a median follow-up of 4.6 years (interquartile range 4.2 to 5.2 years) and 37 MACCE (23.4 % of total). After covariate adjustment, generalized anxiety disorder was associated with MACCE (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.79, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.00-7.80, p = 0.049). The distress disorders were not significantly associated with MACCE risk (HR = 2.14; 95 % CI .92-4.95, p = 0.077) and neither were the fear-disorders (HR = 0.24, 95 % CI .05-1.20, p = 0.083). None of the symptom dimensions were significantly associated with MACCE. Conclusions: Generalized anxiety disorder was significantly associated with MACCE at follow-up after CABG surgery. The findings encourage further research pertaining to generalized anxiety disorder, and theoretical conceptualizations of depression, general distress and anxiety in persons undergoing CABG surgery.
Stochastic stability of extended filtering for non-linear systems with measurement packet losses

This study is concerned with stochastic stability of a new extended filtering for non-linear systems subject to measurement packet losses. The measurements sensored are transmitted to the estimator through a packet-dropping network. By introducing a time-stamped packet arrival indicator sequence, the measurement loss process is modelled as an independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) and therefore a Bernoulli process. The boundedness of estimation error covariance matrices is proved by showing the existence of a critical threshold for measurement packet arrival probability. It is also shown that, under appropriate assumptions, the estimation error remains bounded as long as the noise covariance matrices and the initial estimation error can be ensured small enough. Finally, simulation results validating the effectiveness of this proposed filtering framework are also presented.
Morphology of ejected particles and impact sites on intercepting substrates following exit-surface laser damage with nanosecond pulses in silica

Abstract. A volume of superheated material reaching localized temperatures of the order of 1 eV and pressures of the order of 10 GPa is generated following laser-induced damage (breakdown) on the surface of transparent dielectric materials using nanosecond pulses. This leads to material ejection and the formation of a crater. To elucidate the material behaviors involved, we examined the morphologies of the ejected particles and found distinctive features that support their classification into different types. The different morphologies arise from the difference in the structure and physical properties (such as the dynamic viscosity and presence of instabilities) of the superheated and surrounding affected material at the time of ejection of each individual particle. In addition, the temperature and kinetic energy of a subset of the ejected particles were found to be sufficient to initiate irreversible modification on the intercepting silica substrates. The modifications observed are associated with mechanical damage and fusion of melted particles on the collector substrate.
S1P receptor signalling and RGS proteins; expression and function in vascular smooth muscle cells and transfected CHO cells

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Polarized products of elliptic curves with complex multiplication and field of moduli $\mathbb{Q}$

Let R be the maximal order in a quadratic imaginary field K . We give an equivalence of categories between the category of polarized abelian varieties isomorphic to a product of elliptic curves over C with complex multiplication (CM) by R and the category of integral hermitian R-lattices. Then we apply this equivalence to enumerate all the genus 2 and 3 curves with field of moduli Q and with Jacobian isomorphic to a product of elliptic curves with CM by R.
Planning Landscape Analysis for Self-Adaptive Systems

To assure performance on the fly, planning is arguably one of the most important steps for self-adaptive systems (SASs), especially when they are highly configurable with a daunting number of adaptation options. However, there has been little understanding of the planning landscape or ways by which it can be analyzed. This inevitably creates barriers to the design of better and tailored planners for SASs. In this paper, we showcase how the planning landscapes of SASs can be quantified and reasoned, particularly with respect to the different environments. By studying four diverse real-world SASs and 14 environments, we found that (1) the SAS planning landscapes often provide strong guidance to the planner, but their ruggedness and multi-modality can be the major obstacle; (2) the extents of guidance and number of global/local optima are sensitive to the changing environment, but not the ruggedness of the surface; (3) the local optima are often closer to the global optimum than other random points; and (4) there are considerable (and useful) overlaps on the global/local optima between landscapes under different environments. We then discuss the potential implications to the future work of planner designs for SASs. CCS CONCEPTS • Software and its engineering $\rightarrow$ Software performance; Software configuration management and version control systems.
The Fractality and Size Distributions of Astrophysical Self-Organized Criticality Systems

The statistics of nonlinear processes in avalanching systems, based on the self-organized criticality (SOC) concept of Bak et al. (1988), predicts power-law-like size (or occurrence frequency) distribution functions. Following up on previous work, we define a standard SOC model in terms of six assumptions: (i) area fractality, (ii) volume fractality, (iii) the flux–volume proportionality, (iv) classical diffusion, (v) the Euclidean maximum at the event peak time, and (vi) the spatiotemporal fluence or energy of an avalanche event. We gather data of the fractal dimension and power-law slopes from 162 publications and assemble them in 28 groups (for instance, solar flare energies, or stellar flare energies), from which we find that 75% of the groups are consistent with the standard SOC model. Alternative SOC models (Lévy flight, flat-world, nonfractal) are slightly less correlated with the data. Outliers are attributed to small number statistics, background definition problems, inadequate fitting ranges, and deviations from ideal power laws.