Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vaginal birth after one caesarean section: A review of the practice at Nnewi, southeast Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the inciden ce, predictive factors, and the outcome of the practice of vaginal birth after one previous caesar ean section at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Southeast Nigeria. Data was retriev ed from case records of patients who underwent trial of vaginal birth after caesarean section from January 2001 to December 2005. There were 2062 deliveries out of which 379 were caesarean sections thereby giving a caesarean section rate of 18.4%. A total of 105 patients had trial of vaginal birth af ter one previous caesarean section and 56 (53.3%) e nded in repeat caesarean section while 49 (46.7%) had su ccessful vaginal birth. The indications for the rep eat caesarean section include poor progress in labour ( 43.1%), fetal distress (17.2%) and scar dehiscence/ruptured uterus (10.4%). Spontaneous ons et of labour (56.0%), patient age of between 25-29 (51.6%), low social class (57.90%) and non recurren t indication in the previous caesarean section like malpresentation (62.5%) were the factors with posit ive predictive value on the out-come of trial of vaginal birth after one previous caesarean section. There was poor outcome in women above 35 years and higher (44% vs 20%) success rate among women wh o went into spontaneous labour compared to those who had induction of labour. No maternal or p erinatal death was recorded. Trial of vaginal birth after one previous caesarean section is possible in low resource areas. The outcome would be improved with proper patient selection
Evaluating war and peace potential of Pakistani news media: Advancing a peace journalism model

This study analyzes the scholarship on the classification of war and peacemaking potential of media in the conflict-ridden milieu of Pakistan. Borrowing from peace studies and the existing journalistic practices in the country, the researchers present and empirically test a new model for evaluating conflict journalism in terms of its escalatory and de-escalatory trends. For this purpose, news stories telecasted in two leading TV channels (PTV and Geo News) relating to seven deadly conflicts were analyzed. We found support for our model—the higher the intensity of a conflict, the higher the escalatory trends in coverage. Patriotic and elite-controlled media produced more escalation as compared to conflict in which journalists were using relatively free media. Despite the dominance of escalatory coverage, we also found some traces of peace journalism in the reporting of conflicts. The study recommends that to promote peace journalism in Pakistan and elsewhere, the local context of a conflict and the journalistic environment should be studied. A mere replication of Western scholarship on peace journalism in non-Western settings would render it an impracticable ideal in real conflict scenarios.
Potential of visual inspection with acetic acid as a screening test in comparison to conventional papanicolaou smear in detection of colposcopic biopsy proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A tertiary centre experience

Background: Although it is well established that organized cytological screening programs are the mainstay for cancer cervix control but the financial and logistic burden of operating such a program is considerable. This has prompted the evaluation of alternative feasible techniques. Early and ongoing comparative studies worldwide showed visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) as potential alternatives to cervical cytology because of their low cost, the ease of use, high sensitivity and immediate result allowing “see and treat” at first visit. Objectives: To evaluate the performance of VIA and its comparison with cytology in cervical cancer screening. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 non-pregnant reproductive age women were subjected to papanicolaou Pap smear) and VIA in this prospective study done in a tertiary-care centre in Delhi. Reference standard used for all was colposcopy and colposcopic-directed biopsy (when required). Results: Of 400 Pap smears done 11.75% were normal, 77.5% inflammatory, 5.5% had atypical squamous cells (ASC) atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS), 0.25% ASC-H, 0.5% AGUS, 2% low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 1.5% high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and invasive cancer in 0.5%. With LSIL and above smears as significant, the sensitivity and specificity of Pap were 50% and 97.66%, respectively. VIA was positive according to two thresholds. When high-threshold was used then only well demarcated, opaque white areas near the squamocolumnar junction were taken as positive whereas in low-threshold criterion faint or ill-defined ace to white anywhere and well-defined areas away from squamocolumnar junction was also taken as positive. 29.3% were positive with low-threshold criterion for VIA and 9.3% with high-threshold criterion. The sensitivity with low-threshold criteria was 100% and specificity 72.7%. Conclusion: The sensitivity with low-threshold criteria was 100% and specificity 72.7%. With high-threshold sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 95%, respectively. Conclusion: VIA with low-threshold criteria had high sensitivity (100%), but specificity (72.7%) was low, but with high-threshold criteria for positivity, the specificity increases up to 95% which is comparable to cytology. The gynecologists in tertiary-care centers can use the high-threshold criterion effectively, and patient with significant lesions can be directly subjected to further treatment at the earliest thus reducing loss to follow-up. ABSTRACT
KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN PENCEGAHAN FRAUD DI PROVINSI KEPRI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris pengaruh kompetensi sumber daya manusia, penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintahan, pemanfatan teknologi informasi dan sistem pengendalian internal, terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan dengan pencegahan kecurangan (fraud) sebagai variabel pemoderasi. Populasi penelitian Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) atau sekarang disebut Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) yaitu pengelola unit kerja atau pejabat struktural pada Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Pengambilan data dengan penyebaran kuesioner sebanyak 250 respenden dan sebagai sampel data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen memiliki berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan antara lain penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintahan sebesar 27,9%, pemanfatan teknologi informasi sebesar 8,7%. sistem pengendalian internal sebesar 18,9 % dan pencegahan kecurangan sebesar 4,88% terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan. Sedangkan variabel pemoderasi pencegahan kecurangan sebagai pemoderasi memperkuat pengaruh penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintahan, penerapan teknologi informasi dan sistem pengendalian internal terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan
Per-Cluster Instrumental Variables Estimation: Uncovering the Price Elasticity of the Demand for Gasoline

We propose a per-cluster instrumental variables approach (PCIV) for estimating correlated random coefficient models in the presence of endogeneity. This approach estimates heterogeneous effects, which may be aggregated to the population level. We demonstrate consistency, showing robustness over standard estimators, and provide analytic standard errors for robust inference. We compare PCIV, fixed-effects instrumental variables, and pooled 2SLS estimators using Monte Carlo simulation, verifying that PCIV performs relatively well. We apply PCIV in estimating the responsiveness of gasoline consumption to prices, as instrumented by state fuel taxes. In general, we find more elastic gasoline demand in the US than the current literature imply.
Climate‐Driven Changes in Dissolved Organic Carbon and Water Clarity in Arctic Lakes of West Greenland

To assess climate‐mediated terrestrial‐aquatic linkages in Arctic lakes and potential impacts on light attenuation and carbon cycling, we evaluated lake responses to climate drivers in two areas of west Greenland with differing climate patterns. We selected four lakes in a warmer, drier area to compare with four lakes from a cooler, wetter area proximal to the Greenland Ice Sheet. In June from 2013–2018, we measured epilimnetic water temperature, 1% depth of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254), DOC‐normalized absorbance at 380 nm (a*380), and chlorophyll a. Interannual coherence of 1% PAR and DOC was particularly high for lakes within the warmer, drier area. This coherence suggests forcing of Arctic lake features by a large‐scale driver, likely climate. Redundancy analysis showed that monthly average precipitation, winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index (NAOW), spring average air temperature, and spring average precipitation influenced the lake variables (p = 0.003, adj. R2 = 0.58). In particular, monthly average precipitation contributed to increases in soil‐derived DOC quality metrics and chlorophyll a and decreased 1% PAR. Interannual changes in lake responses to climate drivers were more apparent in the warmer, drier area than the cooler, wetter area. The interannual lake responses within and between areas, associated with climate trends, suggest that with ongoing rapid climate change in the Arctic, there could be widespread impacts on key lake responses important for light attenuation and carbon cycling.
Ecotourism based on the observation of sea turtles – A sustainable solution for the touristic promotion of são tomé and príncipe

Abstract Wildlife-based ecotourism has been stated as an efficient tool to promote the conservation of endangered species and habitats. These activities also aim to create economic revenue for local communities. Likewise, ecotourism, intends to involve these communities in the management of the conservation programs and develop educational activities, either for children, locals, or tourists, in order to increase awareness about target species and habitats. This study addressed the recent ecotourism activities in the observation of sea turtles which are being developed in São Tomé and Príncipe. These charismatic marine reptiles are vulnerable or endangered due to human activities, such as meat and egg consumption, illegal trade, habitat loss, climatic change, pollution and fisheries bycatch. Therefore, ecotourism using flagship species, like a sea turtle, establishes a sustainable alternative to destructive activities, promoting the country’s environmental, economic and social development, the three pillars of sustainability. In this context, the objective of this study is to know the potential of São Tomé and Príncipe as a turtle watching-based ecotourism destination. An exploratory analysis was carried out through two questionnaires (one focused to the Morro Peixe’s local community and another to the tourists that were engaged in turtle watching activities), in order to know the perception of the inhabitants and tourists regarding the programs and initiatives for the conservation of sea turtles. Despite the awareness that already exists among inhabitants regarding the conservation of sea turtles, the results showed that they do not straightforwardly accept the prohibition for the capture of sea turtles, but most of the population of Morro de Peixe is receptive to changes in the community regarding their protection. In fact, the population is beginning to recognize that tourism, due to the protection given to these endangered species, may become (in the medium term) a sustainable source of income. Regarding tourists’ profile, these are mostly Portuguese, with a high level of education and income. They are well informed about the need for sea turtle conservation and seek to carry out tourism activities that pursue this protection. In fact, this also demonstrates the potential the country has as a turtle watching-based ecotourism destination.
The Acceptability and Effectiveness of Web-Based Developmental Surveillance Programs: Rapid Review

Background Web-based developmental surveillance programs may be an innovative solution to improving the early detection of childhood developmental difficulties, especially within disadvantaged populations. Objective This review aimed to identify the acceptability and effectiveness of web-based developmental surveillance programs for children aged 0 to 6 years. Methods A total of 6 databases and gray literature were searched using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses–informed protocol. Data extraction included variables related to health equity. Results In total, 20 studies were identified. Most papers implemented web-based versions of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up screener for autism spectrum disorder or Parent Evaluation of Developmental Status screeners for broad developmental delay. Caregivers and practitioners indicated a preference for web-based screeners, primarily for user-friendliness, improved follow-up accuracy, time, and training efficiencies. Conclusions Although evidence is limited as to the necessity of web- versus face-to-face–based developmental screening, there are clear efficiencies in its use. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42019127894; https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=127894
PULPOTOMY IN PRIMARY MOLAR TEETH USING ELECTROSURGERY AND MTA : A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF SURVIVAL RATES

This study investigates the success rate of pulpotomy using electrosurgery operated on a primary molar in caries. The pulpotomy using electrosurgery was done on 253 primary molars of 111 young patients from 2 to 9 years old during the period of the first day of January 2011 to the last day of December 2015. After the amputation of pulp and hemostasis of primary molar were done using electrosurgery, MTA as pulp capping material was applied to the primary molar and the tooth was restored with the stainless steel crown. The follow up period after the treatment ranged from 4-46 months. The clinical and radiographic success rate ranged from 92.1 94.3%. Which is comparable to formocresol and ferric sulfate pulpotomy. Due to its non-pharmacological characteristic, electrosurgery can minimize harmful effect on the pulp tissue. Its fast bleeding control makes it easy and safe to use in pediatric and disabled patients in comparatively simple manner. Electrosurgery can be an alternative for pulp therapy considering the side effects of pharmacological ways. [J Korean Dis Oral Health Vol.12, No.2: 45-49, December 2016]
Stress testing mixed integer programming solvers through new test instance generation methods

Optimisation algorithms require careful tuning and analysis to perform well in practice. Their performance is strongly affected by algorithm parameter choices, software, and hardware and must be analysed empirically. To conduct such analysis, researchers and developers require high-quality libraries of test instances. Improving the diversity of these test sets is essential to driving the development of well-tested algorithms. This thesis is focused on producing synthetic test sets for Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) solvers. Synthetic data should be carefully designed to be unbiased, diverse with respect to measurable features of instances, have tunable properties to replicate real-world problems, and challenge the vast array of algorithms available. This thesis outlines a framework, methods and algorithms developed to ensure these requirements can be met with synthetically generated data for a given problem. Over many years of development, MIP solvers have become increasingly complex. Their overall performance depends on the interactions of many different components. To cope with this complexity, we propose several extensions over existing approaches to generating optimisation test cases. First, we develop alternative encodings for problem instances which restrict consideration to relevant instances. This approach provides more control over instance features and reduces the computational effort required when we have to resort to search-based generation approaches. Second, we consider more detailed performance metrics for MIP solvers in order to produce test cases which are not only challenging but from which useful insights can be gained. This work makes several key contributions: 1. Performance metrics are identified which are relevant to component algorithms in MIP solvers. This helps to define a more comprehensive performance metric space which looks beyond benchmarking statistics such as CPU time required
(Not) Lost in Translation: Psychological Adaptation Occurs During Speech Translation

While language style is considered to be automatic and relatively stable, its plasticity has not yet been studied in translations that require the translator to “step into the shoes of another person. ” In the present study, we propose a psychological model of language adaptation in translations. Focusing on an established interindividual difference marker of language style, that is, gender, we examined whether translators assimilate to the original gendered style or implicitly project their own gendered language style. In a preregistered study, we investigated gender differences in language use in TED Talks (N = 1,647) and their translations (N = 544) in same- versus opposite-gender speaker/translator dyads. The results showed that translators assimilated to gendered language styles even when in mismatch to their own gender. This challenges predominating views on language style as fixed and fosters a more dynamic view of language style as also being shaped by social context.
Closure of Fistula Tract With Filac™ Laser As a Sphincter Preserving Method in Anal Fistula Treatment

Amaç: Anal fistül tedavisi zor bir anorektal hastalıktır. Anal fistül cerrahisinin anal inkontinans ve fistül nüksü cerrahları korkutan morbiditeleridir. Bunun üstesinden gelmek için internal sfinkter fistül traktı bağlanması, anorektal flep uygulaması, bioprostetik tıkaçlar gibi sfinkter koruyucu bir çok teknik denenmiştir. Çalışmamızda FiLaCTM yönteminin anal fistül tedavisinde etkinlik ve güvenilirliğini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Aralık 2013 ile Aralık 2014 yılları arasında FiLaCTM diyot lazer uygulanan 27 hasta (23 erkek, 4 kadın, 23) retrospektif olarak hasta yaş, cinsiyet, vücut kitle indeksi, Amerikan Anestezistler Derneği skoru, operasyon süresi, fistül tipleri, komplikasyonlar ve hasta memnuniyeti açısından analiz edildi. FiLaCTM 1470 nm dalga boyunda ve 100-120 jul/cm enerji üreten 15-watt’lık bir lazer probu spinal anestezi altında anal fistül hastalarına fistül dış ağzından girilerek uygulandı Bulgular: Hastaların 23’ü erkek 4 kadın olup yaş ortalaması 35,55±10,32 idi. Ortalama ameliyat süresi 18,37±5,27 dakikaydı. İntraoperatif komplikasyonlar bildirilmedi. Ortalama takip süresi 22 (17-26) ay idi. 24 (% 88,89) hastada iyileşme gözlendi. Bir hastada 4. ay diğer 2 hastada 6. ay olmak üzere 3 (%11,11) hastada başarısızlık başarısızlık vardı. Hasta memnuniyeti 4,62±1,07 idi Sonuç: Anal fistül tedavisi için lazer FiLaCTM prosedürü, güvenli, etkili, minimal invaziv, sfinkter koruyucu prosedürü olup yüksek başarı şansına sahiptir. Anahtar Kelimeler: FiLaCTM, anal fistül, anal inkontinans ÖZ ABSTRACT
Factors affecting daytime function in the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome

The sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) is characterised by repetitive upper airway obstructions during sleep, which lead to recurrent hypoxaemia and brief arousals from sleep. SAHS patients suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cognitive impairments and decreased psychological well -being. Previous studies have examined relationships between the nocturnal events of SAHS and a limited number of daytime function measures, frequently in small, non -consecutive patient samples. Relationships found have been either weak or non -significant. This thesis examines the relationships between a wide range of nocturnal sleep and breathing variables and daytime function. Additionally, this thesis examines the use of subjective and objective measures of daytime sleepiness, to determine which tests provide the most useful information for SAHS patients. A pilot study found that neither the 103 patients' nor their partners' Epworth rating of sleepiness were strong predictors of SAHS severity. In 150 patients with a wide range of SAHS severity, relationships between nocturnal events and daytime function were examined using newer definitions of arousal and measures of sleep continuity. A broad battery of daytime tests were used including the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) and the short form (SF) -36. Unlike previous studies, all correlations were controlled for age and awake oxygen saturation, known to influence the variables measured. The current study also examined these correlations in an unselected patient sample with a range of disease severity. The study found a lack of strong relationships between conventional nocturnal sleep and breathing variables and daytime function. Few baseline variables significantly predicted CPAP use. Daytime function measures were compared within the 150 patients. The multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and the MWT displayed a moderate, discordant relationship. Measures of cognitive function, psychological well -being and subjective sleepiness
The protective effect of alcoholic beverages in a foodborne outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 in northern Portugal

On 23 October 2002 the Centro Regional de Saude Publica do Norte (CRSPN) was informed that several people had been admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis. Preliminary information collected that day showed that the patients, resident in different municipalities, had attended a lunch party in a restaurant on 20 October.
A single-cell transcriptomic and anatomic atlas of mouse dorsal raphe Pet1 neurons

Among the brainstem raphe nuclei, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) contains the greatest number of Pet1-lineage neurons, a predominantly serotonergic group distributed throughout DR subdomains. These neurons collectively regulate diverse physiology and behavior and are often therapeutically targeted to treat affective disorders. Characterizing Pet1 neuron molecular heterogeneity and relating it to anatomy is vital for understanding DR functional organization, with potential to inform therapeutic separability. Here we use high-throughput and DR subdomain-targeted single-cell transcriptomics and intersectional genetic tools to map molecular and anatomical diversity of DR-Pet1 neurons. We describe up to fourteen neuron subtypes, many showing biased cell body distributions across the DR. We further show that P2ry1-Pet1 DR neurons – the most molecularly distinct subtype – possess unique efferent projections and electrophysiological properties. These data complement and extend previous DR characterizations, combining intersectional genetics with multiple transcriptomic modalities to achieve fine-scale molecular and anatomic identification of Pet1 neuron subtypes.