Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Priming is not all bias: Commentary on Ratcliff and McKoon (1997)

R. Ratcliff and G. McKoon (1997) reported a set of findings they claim is inconsistent with all prior accounts of long-term priming, including (a) a pattern of benefits and costs in an identification task suggestive of a bias interpretation of priming and (b) a restriction on priming such that benefits and costs are obtained only when the alternatives in the forced-choice task are similar. On the basis of these and related findings, Ratcliff and McKoon developed a bias theory of visual word priming that is implemented in a mathematical model. However, the present article shows that their empirical findings are ambiguous and can be explained more parsimoniously within more traditional frameworks. Furthermore, 8 studies are reported that directly contradict their model. On the basis of these and related findings, it is argued that priming is best understood as a by-product of learning within perceptual systems whose main function is to categorize inputs.
What Actually Informs Practice: Occupational Therapists' Views of Evidence

Introduction: This research aims to explore what New Zealand occupational therapists consider ‘evidence’ to be and how the search for evidence is accomplished in their practice. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 therapists who had shown variations in comfort levels with locating and implementing evidence. Findings: Four themes emerged from the data: (1) finding evidence to support practice: informal quick methods were favoured; (2) the nature of available evidence: evidence was considered to be of limited value in practice as the context of the research was often very different to the context of local practice; (3) the organisational influences: the culture of the work environment played a key role in the dissemination of knowledge and (4) the importance of evidence: the need to use evidence to support practice was appreciated by most therapists. In general, using reliable resources was regarded as key to evidence-based practice with availability of resources, therefore, deemed essential. Conclusion: Therapists value trustworthy research information that is pre-digested and can be readily used in practice. Where there is limited research evidence, the focus should be on the generation and dissemination of information from critical reflections on practice.
Força de preensão palmar: métodos de avaliação e fatores que influenciam a medida DOI:10.5007/1980-0037.2010v12n3p209

A avaliacao da forca de preensao manual (FPM) do tipo palmar e frequentemente utilizada, especialmente, no âmbito fisioterapico e desportivo. A busca por valores normativos tem sido foco de alguns estudos, mas os diferentes instrumentos e protocolos dificultam a generalizacao dos resultados. Alem disso, existem diversos fatores que podem influenciar a FPM como o sexo, a idade, a dominância, o horario de avaliacao, o posicionamento corporal, a sinceridade do esforco, as caracteristicas antropometricas e o tamanho da empunhadura. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisao critico-narrativa do estado da arte relacionado a medidas da FPM e alguns aspectos referentes a sua interpretacao. De acordo com o universo bibliografico revisado, em avaliacoes de FPM parece ser fundamental a utilizacao de um dinamometro que permita a mensuracao de curvas forca vs tempo e que possibilite o ajuste continuo da empunhadura de acordo com as dimensoes da mao. Recomenda-se ainda: padronizar o horario de avaliacao, avaliar ambas as maos, realizar no minimo tres avaliacoes em cada mao, adotar um posicionamento corporal padrao, utilizar incentivo verbal e/ou visual e corrigir a forca pela massa corporal. A padronizacao dos metodos de avaliacao e interpretacao dos resultados pode permitir a construcao de valores de referencia confiaveis e universalmente aceitos.
Labour Pain Management with Water Immersion

Objective: To determine the effect of water immersion on labour and delivery and on the health of the mother and the newborn. Methods: An observational study was conducted in primiparous women who had used water immersion during labour at San Juan de la Cruz Hospital, Spain. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s test, Student’s t-test or Mann Whitney U test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal Wallis test. The behaviour of quantitative variables over time was studied with the Student’s t-test for paired samples or the Wilcoxon test. Results: The study included 71 women, with a mean pain score (maximum of 10) of 8.35 ± 1.32 immediately before water immersion versus 5.79 ± 1.8 after 30 minutes of water immersion (p < 0.001). Deliveries were eutocic in 84.5%. An Apgar index score of ≥ 7 at one minute of life was obtained in 98.6% of the newborns. Conclusion: Water immersion during labour appeared to be useful in reducing pain and maintaining good health indicators.
Indian public health standards in primary health centers and community health centers in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh: A descriptive evaluation

Introduction: The health planners in India have visualized primary health centers (PHCs) and community health centers (CHCs) as the key healthcare delivery institutions in rural areas. These centers are supposed to have health manpower, infrastructure, and service delivery as per the Indian public health standards (IPHS) guidelines (2010). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven CHCs and 12 PHCs, randomly selected from eight blocks of Shimla District and evaluated in terms of health manpower, infrastructure, and services from September 2011 to August 2012. Data was collected from the selected units using structured data collection instruments designed by the IPHS. Results: The health centers were assessed according to IPHS guidelines. Outpatient department services and referral services were provided in all the centers studied. No specialist doctor was posted at any of CHCs against a sanctioned strength of at least four (surgeon, physician, obstetrician, and pediatrician) per CHC. In 3 (42.8%) CHCs and 8 (75%) PHCs, no pharmacist was posted. Eight (75%) PHCs did not have any staff nurse posted. Three (42.8%) CHCs and 10 (83.3%) PHCs did not have a laboratory technician. In CHCs, separate labor room was available in 6 (85.7%) whereas a separate laboratory was available in all seven. Separate labor room and laboratory were available in four (25%) PHCs. Conclusions: IPHS guidelines are not being followed at PHC and CHC levels of the district. Health manpower shortage is the key bottleneck in service delivery. Political advocacy is needed to ensure sufficient health manpower availability to deliver quality healthcare.
The Transmission of Monetary Policy in the Euro Area: Are the Effects Different Across Countries?

This paper analyses whether the effects of the monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB) may be different across Euro area countries. First, the limitations in the current empirical literature are highlighted. The paper then suggests how to deal with these limitations and provides new empirical evidence on the effects of a common monetary policy shock across individual member countries. Surprisingly, very similar output effects are found across countries.
Psycho-social factors associated with relapse to drug addiction in Bangladesh

Abstract Background: Relapse to drug use after successful treatment and rehabilitation is a common problem globally. This study aimed to identify the psychological and social factors associated with relapse of drug addiction in Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 60 individuals (30 relapsed and 30 non-relapsed cases) with a history of drug addiction in four drug treatment and detoxification center in Bangladesh from May to December 2010. Data were collected from all the participants using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. A 4-point Likert format was used for scoring the questionnaire. Logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with relapse to drug addiction. Results: All participants were male, aged between 18 and 41 years with mean (SD) age of 27.63 (4.23) years. The “negative emotion” factor had strong contribution on relapse, while “peer pressure,” “self-efficacy,” and “lack of assertiveness” contributed to relapse moderately. The “parental discord” and “relation with parents” factors showed no relationship with relapse. The thought/belief, feeling/emotion, and behavior/action patterns related to relapse were identified, and the covert or very internal affairs of relapse components were revealed. Conclusion: Psychological factors were associated with an increased likelihood of relapse than social factors. These findings may help clinicians identify substance abuse patients likely to relapse and develop treatment and policy guidelines for prevention of relapse to drug addiction in Bangladesh.
From "Gomorrah domain" to "Don Peppe Diana lands". A Southern Italian experience of work-based liberation, community networking, and well-being

The article describes working experiences in relation to empowering activities, which have been carried out in a local community in the province of Caserta (in Southern Italy), a place characterized by the widespread presence of organized criminal groups. In this study, workplace is intended as a community network aimed at the promotion of coscientization, liberation, and well-being. Specifically, this paper features initiatives and projects aimed at establishing new community values through a re-construction of a work-based social system standing against criminal clans, which tend to dominate not only economical transactions but also civil life.
The development of plans for summarizing texts.

BROWN, ANN L; DAY, JEANNE D. ; and JONES, ROBERTA S. The Development of Plans for Summarizing Texts. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1983, 54, 968-979. Students from the fifth, seventh, and eleventh grade, together with college students, wrote constrained and unconstrained summaries of stories they had previously learned to criterion. College and older high school students outperformed younger students in their propensity to plan ahead by making rough drafts, in their sensitivity to fine gradations of importance, and in their ability to condense more idea units into the same number of words. The few younger students who planned adequately performed at a level set by college students. Planning, not age per se, was the best predictor of efficiency, although the propensity to plan and age were highly correlated. Under circumstances where summary production is not just the result of "automatic" retention, the ability to work recursively on information to render it as succinctly as possible requires judgment and effort, knowledge, and strategies, and is, therefore, late developing.
Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica em eqüinos da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in horses of Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State

fererites dos animais estudados. Em relacao aos macrofagos, dos quatro animais considerados normais, tres apresentaram concentracoes entre 30% e 70%, e um animal apresentou esta concentracao acima de 70%; porem, a media da concentracao de macrofagos dos animais normais ficou em 65,66%, como de acordo com os estudos de Moere (1996).
Relationship of supervisor and trainee gender to in-session verbal behavior and ratings of trainee skills.

This study of 44 supervision dyads investigated the effects of supervisor and trainee gender on the verbal interactions of participants and on their perceptions of trainee skill levels. Supervisor and trainee utterances were coded as being relationship or task focused. Male supervisors paired with male trainees engaged in more task-oriented discourse than did other dyad configurations. In other analyses, gender did not affect which party exerted more effect on the structure of the interactions. Finally, no significant differences were found in how male and female trainees rated their own skill levels.
Teachers in a Public School Engage in a Study Group to Reach General Agreements about a Common Approach to Teaching English

This is an initial report on a study which aimed to know what happened at our school, as teachers engaged in a study group to reach general agreements about a common approach to teaching English. The first step consisted of establishing teachers’ and students’ perceptions of their needs through surveys and interviews. Discussion and analyses of the data revealed that the most focused and most favored approach by the group for teaching English is, in our specific context, the communicative approach and the development of the four basic skills using meaningful learning activities. Having agreed on this essential fact, we started the task of discussing some of the main principles of the communicative approach and what is meant by meaningful learning activities.
Indigenous Students´ Attitudes towards Learning English through a Virtual Program: A Study in a Colombian Public University

This article reports an exploratory study carried out at a public university in Bogota, Colombia, with two indigenous students who took a level I virtual English-course during the second term of 2008 and the first term of 2009. The aim was to analyse their attitudes towards the learning of English through the virtual modality. Interviews, observations and questionnaires were used for data collection. It was found that indigenous students felt frustrated taking a virtual English course, and that their motivation as regards the learning of this language is very low. Thus, they need to be motivated and guided along the process. At the end, some recommendations for teaching or tutoring indigenous students, learning English virtually or any of the other modalities of the English program at the university were derived.
Dietary patterns only partially explain the effect of short sleep duration on the incidence of obesity

Study Objectives: To investigate whether dietary patterns explain the possible association between short sleep duration and obesity. Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: Participants: Nonobese = 2632) Measurements and Results: Trained health professionals conducted a questionnaire-based survey. Preference for fatty food, skipping breakfast, and eating out were significantly associated with short sleep duration. Snacking and preference for fatty food significantly predicted the incidence of obesity, which was defined as a body mass index of at least 25 kg/m 2 . Hierarchic logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the significance of the association between sleep duration and the incidence of obesity, before and after controlling for covariates, including dietary patterns (preference for fatty food, skipping breakfast, snacking, and eating out). Participants who slept less than 6 hours were compared with those who slept 7.0 to 7.9 hours. The odds ratio for the incidence of obesity was 2.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48, 4.42; trend P = 0.007) with covariate adjustment, except for dietary patterns, and 2.46 (95% CI 1.41, 4.31; trend P = 0.011) with complete adjustment, including dietary patterns. Conclusions: Preference for fatty food, skipping breakfast, snacking, and eating out only partially explained the effects of short sleep duration on the incidence of obesity, suggesting that other factors, including physiologic mechanisms, may largely explain the sleep-obesity association. Citation:
Microalbuminuria among acutely ill febrile children

INTRODUCTION: Microalbuminuria has been studied in some acute and chronic illnesses such as urinary tract infection (UTI), heart failure, and diabetes mellitus, but nothing much has been said about children with malaria and pneumonia which are most common in the tropics. Therefore, this study seeks to establish how common microalbuminuria is among acute febrile children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective longitudinal study. One hundred and eighty-nine febrile children admitted for febrile illnesses who met the inclusion criteria were recruited consecutively between November 2017 and January 2018. Five milliliters of urine was tested for proteinuria using ComboStik 10 strips (DFI Co. Ltd., Gyung-Nam, Korea); positive cases were excluded from the study. Another 5 ml of urine was tested for the presence of microalbumin using ComboStik 2AC strips (DFI Co. Ltd., Gyung-Nam, Korea). RESULTS: The age ranged from 1 year to 14 years, whereas the mean age was 5.54 ± 3.37 years. There were 138 (73%) males and 51 (27%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.7:1. Most patients with malaria (57.8%), bacterial sepsis (62.5%), bronchopneumonia (42.8%), meningitis (100%), and UTI (72.0%) had high abnormal ratio; however, among the various subgroups, this was observed mostly among those with meningitis, UTI, and bacterial sepsis. The mean values and standard deviations of the age, urine creatinine, microalbumin, and the ratio of microalbumin/creatinine for the various illnesses showed higher values for UTI (age, microalbumin, and microalbumin/creatinine ratio) and bacterial sepsis (creatinine). CONCLUSION: Microalbuminuria is common in children with febrile illnesses such as malaria, bronchopneumonia, and meningitis; therefore, usage as a screening tool for microalbuminuria should be in afebrile children.
Antimelanocyte Antibodies: A Possible Role in Patients with Vitiligo

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis including genetic, autoimmune, and neuronal factors. Both humoral- and cell-mediated immunities are supposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Patients with vitiligo have an increased concentration of circulating autoantibodies that are specific to melanocyte cytoplasm and surface antigens that related to the extent of the disease. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of antimelanocyte antibodies (AMAs), complement 3 and 4 (C3 and C4), and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Materials and Methods: This study included 49 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo and 36 healthy individuals as a control group. All participants were subjected to detailed history, general examination, and detailed dermatological examination of the skin, hair, nails, and oral mucosa. The severity of vitiligo was assessed according to the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI). AMA, C3 and C4, and ANA serum levels were measured for patients and controls. Results: ANA, AMA, and C4 levels were significantly higher in the sera of patients than in controls. ANA, AMA, and C4 serum levels showed significant positive correlations with VASI score. Conclusion: Our results support the role of AMA in the pathogenesis of nonsegmental vitiligo, correlating with the disease extent and severity. However, a longitudinal study in a large cohort of patients to evaluate the clinical and predictive value of AMA is warranted.
Evaluation on curative effect of azelnidipine on hypertension and its inhibitory effect on atherosclerosis

Objective To observe the influence of azelnidipine in clinical efficacy and serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and 6-ketone prostaglandins F1α(6-keto-PGF1α) in patients with hypertension and to clarify the effectiveness of azelnidipine on realeasing blood pressure and suppressing the development of atherosclerosis(AS). Methods 48 patients with hypertension were randomly divided into azelnidipine group(n=24) and amlodipine besylate group(n=24). After two-week drug clearance,the patients in two group receieved azelnidipine(8-16 mg·d-1) or amlodipine besylate(5-10 mg·d-1) for 8 weeks.The blood pressure and the serum levels of hs-CRP,SOD and 6-keto-PGF1α before and after treatment were detected and compared.Results The systotlic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) of the patients in two groups were significantly decreased,the effective rates in azelnidipine group and amlodipine besylate group were 87.5 and 91.7%,there was no significant difference between two groups(P0.05). There was no significant difference of blood biochemisal indexes of the patients between two groups before and after treatment(P0.05). There were no significant differences of plasma hs-CRP,SOD,and 6-keto-PGF1α of the patients between two groups before and after treatment(P0.05). Compared with before treatment,the hs-CRP levels of the patients in two groups were significantly decreased(P0.05),the SOD levels were increased(P0.05);the 6-keto-PGF1α level of the patients in azelnidipine group after treatment was increased(P0.05),but there was no change in amlodipine besylate group(P0.05). Conclusion Azelnidipine can significantly decrease the blood pressure.It inhibit the formation and development of atherosclerosis.
Do interpersonal traits predict affect? A comparison of three models.

Predictions from interpersonal traits to affect were examined in the context of 3 models. In the global trait model, traits were used to predict affect aggregated over a 20-day period. In the situational congruence model, traits were used to predict affect in trait-relevant situations. In the behavioral concordance model, the co-occurrence between behaviors and affect was examined for individual participants, and then traits were used to predict the degree to which behavior and affect co-occurred. No support was found for the global trait and situational congruence models. Support was found for the behavioral concordance model for 3 of the 4 traits. Individuals high on agreeableness and quarrelsomeness experienced pleasant affect when they engaged in behaviors concordant with their traits. Individuals high on agreeableness, quarrelsomeness, and dominance experienced unpleasant affect when they engaged in behaviors opposite to their traits.
World Journal of Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that usually strikes early in life, but can affect individuals at almost any age. It is caused by autoreactive T cells that destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Epidemiological studies estimate a prevalence of 1 in 300 children in the United States with an increasing incidence of 2%-5% annually worldwide. The daily responsibility, clinical management, and vigilance required to maintain blood sugar levels within normal range and avoid acute complications (hypoglycemic episodes and diabetic ketoacidosis) and long term micro- and macro-vascular complications significantly affects quality of life and public health care costs. Given the expansive impact of T1D, research work has accelerated and T1D has been intensively investigated with the focus to better understand, manage and cure this condition. Many advances have been made in the past decades in this regard, but key questions remain as to why certain people develop T1D, but not others, with the glaring example of discordant disease incidence among monozygotic twins. In this review, we discuss the field’s current understanding of its pathophysiology and the role of genetics and environment on the development of T1D. We examine the potential implications of these findings with an emphasis on T1D inheritance patterns, twin studies, and disease prevention. Through a better understanding of this process, interventions can be developed to prevent or halt it at early stages. Type 1 with its incidence increasing annually. Its arduous management requires vigilance to avoid complications that impact quality of life and health care costs. A better understanding of how T1D develops can help find a way to prevent it from developing at all. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex relationship between the roles of genetics and the environment in the development of T1D. Current understandings of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: Genetics to environment. 13-25