Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Alternative Para ﬃ nic Fuels on the Durability of a Modern Common Rail Injection System

: Common rail (CR) diesel fuel injection systems are very sensitive to variations in fuel properties, thus the impact of alternative fuels on the durability of the injection system should be investigated when considering the use of alternative fuels. This work studies a high-pressure CR (HPCR) diesel fuel injection system operating for 400 h in an injection test bench, using a fuel blend composed of an alternative para ﬃ nic fuel and conventional diesel (50PF50D). The alternative fuel does not have aromatic components and has lower density than conventional diesel fuel. The injection system durability study was carried out under typical injection pressure and fuel temperature for the fuel pump, the common rail and the injector. The results show that the HPCR fuel injection system and its components (e.g., piston, spring, cylinder, driveshaft and cam) have no indication of damage, wear or change in surface roughness. The absence of internal wear to the components of the injection system is supported by the approximately constant total ﬂow rate that reaches the injector during the whole the 400 h of the experiment. However, the size of the injector nozzle holes was decreased (approximately 12%), being consistent with the increase in the return fuel ﬂow of the injector and rail (approximately 13%) after the completion of the study. Overall, the injection system maintained its operability during the whole duration of the durability study, which encourages the use of para ﬃ nic fuels as an alternative to conventional diesel fuel.
Toxocariasis is the clinical presentation of human infection by Toxocara canis and (less frequently) Toxo-

Toxocariasis is the clinical presentation of human infection by Toxocara canis and (less frequently) Toxocara cati, which are roundworms that live in the small intestines of dogs and cats, respectively. Human infection occurs by accidental ingestion of embryonated Toxocara eggs present in contaminated soil or on dirty hands. Infection can also occur by eating contaminated meat from paratenic hosts containing encapsulated larvae. The infective larvae hatch in the duodenum, but fail to develop to mature adult stages and migrate through the somatic organs for a period that ranges from months to several years (Despommier 2003). Human infection is present worldwide and is a consequence of the human habit of keeping dogs and cats for company, which favours the persistence of the parasite in the environment and its transmission (Mizgajska 2001, Delgado & Rodriguez Morales 2009). Despite its extensive geographical distribution, infection is more frequent in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in populations with poor sanitary conditions (Magnaval et al. 2001). Because of the difficulty of detecting larvae in human tissues, the diagnosis of toxocariasis is based on clinical, epidemiological and serological data (Magnaval et al. 2001, Despommier 2003). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using excretory-secretory antigens from T. canis second-stage larvae (TES) is the most widely used test to detect anti-Toxocara antibodies, but there are other immunological tests that have also been described, such as the dot-ELISA and immunoblot methods (Camargo et al. 1992, Magnaval et al. 2001, Roldán et al. 2006). Human T. canis infection is a public health concern in the Americas, Europe and in all developing countries. However, a full appreciation of the global burden of the disease may be greatly underestimated (Hotez & Wilkins 2009). For this reason, the development of specific, sensitive and reliable techniques to detect the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies is an important step towards improving and expanding the diagnosis of infection (Roldán et al. 2006). This may be particularly relevant in the case of highly endemic populations, such as the northeastern region of Argentina. This area of South America contains a large number of people living with serious sanitary and socio-economic deficiencies and the seroepidemiological data show high prevalence rates of T. canis infection in the adult and infant populations (Alonso et al. 2000, 2004, López et al. 2005b, Bojanich et al. 2008). The aim of this work was to develop a dot-ELISA test for the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis and to optimise the conditions for its use in public health centres with basic levels of equipment and few trained personnel. The performance of this test was evaluated in comparison to the standard ELISA test.
Vitamin-D Deficiency and Male Reproduction

Purpose: Vitamin D (VD) can be considered a functional steroid hormone with a well-established effect on musculoskeletal health. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the role of vitamin D in male reproduction, presenting current evidence from experimental animal and human studies. The basis of this interplay lays on the presence of Vitamin D-Receptor (VDR) and Vitamin D (VD) metabolizing enzymes in testis and male reproductive tract. Methods: Using PubMed, we searched for publications during the last 30 years that investigated the role of vitamin D in male reproduction. Results: Evidence from animal and human studies suggests a possible role of vitamin D in male reproduction. Epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] and semen parameters and androgen levels. On the other hand, several studies reported that high vitamin D levels may have a negative effect on gonadal function. Conclusions: Further large prospective studies are warranted to prove a casual relationship between vitamin D and male reproduction and the impact of vitamin D supplementation on gonadal function.
Recovery Experience as the Mediating Factor in the Relationship Between Sleep Disturbance and Depressive Symptoms Among Female Nurses in Chinese Public Hospitals: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Purpose: Nurses are suffering from considerable work-related stress, which can result in disturbed sleep and depressive symptoms. Whereas, recovery experience can alleviate sleep disturbance and help maintain well-being in the working environment. The aim of this study was to examine whether recovery experiences play a mediating role in the relationship between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms of female nurses in Chinese public hospitals. Methods: From December 2017 to May 2018, the study with proportional sampling of cross-sectional design was carried out in the public tertiary hospitals from Shenyang of Liaoning Province in China. A total of 1500 female nurses who had been working for one or more years participated in this study. A structural equation model (SEM) was applied to test the assumption that recovery experiences might function as a mediator in the relationship between sleep disturbance and symptoms of depression. Results: Sleep disturbance contributed most to the variance (32.9%) of depressive symptoms and had a signi ﬁ cantly positive correlation with depressive symptoms ( P <0.01) among nurses. Psychological detachment in recovery experience had a signi ﬁ cantly positive correlation with sleep disturbance ( P <0.01) and depressive symptoms ( P <0.01). Whereas, relaxation, mastery experience, and control in recovery experience were signi ﬁ cantly and negatively correlated with sleep disturbance ( P <0.01) and depressive symptoms ( P <0.01). Recovery experience served as a mediator between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms (a * b = 0.066, BCa 95% CI: 0.045, 0.095). Conclusion: Sleep disturbance was the predictor of depressive symptoms for female nurses. Moreover, recovery experience could combat the detrimental impacts of sleep disturbances on symptoms of depression. This study suggested that nurses might bene ﬁ t from interventions on improving sleep quality to relieve depressive symptoms through mediating path of recovery experience.
Transcription b Kinase in IL-1 The Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein

Several reports have shown that bicyclic imidazoles, speciﬁc inhibitors of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), block cytokine synthesis at the translational level. In this study, we examined the role of p38 MAPK in the regulation of the IL-1 b cytokine gene in monocytic cell lines using the bicyclic imidazole SB203580. Addition of SB203580 30 min before stimulation of monocytes with LPS inhibited IL-1 b protein and steady state message in a dose-dependent manner in both RAW264.7 and J774 cell lines. The loss of IL-1 b message was due mainly to inhibition of transcription, since nuclear run-off analysis showed an ; 80% decrease in speciﬁc IL-1 RNA synthesis. In contrast, SB203580 had no effect on the synthesis of TNF- a message. LPS-stimulated p38 MAPK activity in the RAW264.7 cells was blocked by SB203580, as measured by the inhibition of MAPKAP2 kinase activity, a downstream target of the p38 MAPK. CCAATT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)/NFIL-6-driven chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) reporter activity was sensitive to SB203580, indicating that C/EBP/NFIL-6 transcription factor(s) are also targets of p38 MAPK. In contrast, transfected CAT constructs containing NF- k B elements were only partially inhibited ( ; 35%) at the highest concentration of SB203580 after LPS stimulation. As measured by EMSA, LPS-stimulated NF- k B activation was not affected by SB203580. Overall, the results demonstrate, for the ﬁrst time, a role for p38 MAPK in IL-1 b transcription by acting through C/EBP/NFIL-6 transcription factors. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 5367–5373.
Loss of Fbw7 Reprograms Adult Pancreatic Ductal Cells into a , d , and b Cells

The adult pancreas is capable of limited regeneration after injury but has no deﬁned stem cell population. The cell types and molecular signals that govern the production of new pancreatic tissue are not well understood. Here, we show that inactivation of the SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate recognition component Fbw7 induces pancreatic ductal cells to reprogram into a , d , and b cells. Loss of Fbw7 stabilized the transcription factor Ngn3, a key regulator of endocrine cell differentiation. The induced b cells resemble islet b cells in morphology and histology, express genes essential for b cell function, and release insulin after glucose challenge. Thus, loss of Fbw7 appears to reawaken an endocrine developmental differentiation program in adult pancreatic ductal cells. Our study high-lights the plasticity of seemingly differentiated adult cells, identiﬁes Fbw7 as a master regulator of cell fate decisions in the pancreas, and reveals adult pancreatic duct cells as a latent multipotent cell type.
High density planting in rubber plantations: Effect on growth and yield

Planting density is an important parameter influencing the growth and yield of trees. A field study was conducted at Central Experiment Station of Rubber Research Institute of India, Chethackal, Kerala with clone RRII 105 in split plot design with five densities as main plot treatments and two fertilizer quantities as sub plot treatment replicated four times to study the effect of density of planting on growth and yield of rubber. The five densities tested are 420 trees ha -1 (4.9 m x 4.9 m), 479 trees ha -1 (4.6 m x 4.6 m), 549 trees ha -1 (4.3 m x4.3 m), 638 trees ha -1 (4 m x 4 m) and 749 trees ha -1 (3.7 m x 3.7 m) and the two subplot treatments are recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) on unit area basis and RDF on per plant basis. Growth of the plants was not significantly influenced by the different planting densities up to eighth year after planting, but in the later years increased planting density decreased the girth and trees in the lowest density of 420 trees ha -1 recorded significantly higher girth. The lowest density also recorded significantly higher per tree yield. However, the annual yield per hectare was the highest (2553 kg) in the highest density of 749 trees ha -1 which was comparable (2457 kg) with that of the density of 549 trees ha -1 . Bole height increased with planting density. But the bole volume, 18 years after planting was not significantly influenced by the planting density. Bark thickness was the highest (9.76 mm) in the lowest density and it was comparable (9.40) with that of the density 549 trees ha -1 . Effect of fertilizer application on per plant basis and area basis was not significant throughout the study period. Based on 7 years yield data highest BCR of 3.16 and IRR of 29.11 per cent were obtained for the density of 549 trees ha -1 .
MODELING THE EFFECTS OF BOUNDARY LAYER CIRCULATIONS GENERATED BY CUMULUS CONVECTION AND LEADS ON LAR

Due to constraints upon computational power, large-scale numerical atmospheric models cannot presently resolve all pertinent scales of motion. Until such time that computational resources allow global numerical models of an arbitrarily high resolution, it will be necessary to parameterize the effects of subgrid-scale atmospheric processes upon the resolved dynamics. For studying such small-scale processes, and developing parameterizations for them, the use of high resolution numerical models is often a key element. This research applies such small-scale models to a number of different problems involving surface fluxes of heat and moisture. The University of Utah Cloud Resolving Model is used to characterize the effects of cumulus and mesoscale circulations on the calculation of the surface turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat over a tropical ocean. Enhancements of over 25% were common when compared with flux calculations that neglected these effects. Parameterizations that include these enhancements were constructed using large-scale modeled quantities, including cloud mass fluxes, vertical kinetic energy, and surface precipitation rates. In general, these parameterizations were shown to perform better than the more simple methods typically used. Leads, quasi-linear openings that form within the interior of a sea ice pack, significantly enhance local surface fluxes. Despite their typically small size, unresolvable by large-scale models, leads can also have a major impact upon the large-scale surface heat budget of the Arctic. The University of Utah Cloud Resolving Model is used to examine the convective plumes that form in the vicinity of leads, and determine their impact upon the large-scale energy budget. Under typical wintertime conditions, simulated convective plumes penetrated to heights of hundreds of meters and impacted surface fluxes over 50 km downwind. In addition, the development of a new three-dimensional Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) model is described. This model incorporates a nonhydrostatic quasicompressible framework, monotone scalar advection, and efficient time-split integration of the elastic modes. In comparisons with similar LES models, the new model is as good or better at reproducing observational and theoretical results for convective boundary layer and radiatively cooled smoke cloud simulations.
Parallax Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope Yield the Distance to Geminga

Using data from Hubble Space Telescope observations, we report the first optical measurement of the annual parallax of a neutron star. This is the counterpart of the X-ray/γ-ray pulsar Geminga, for which strong proper motion has already been reported. Significant displacement from such motion is detected using WFPC2 observations, taken at the dates of the maximum predicted parallactic factor. The resulting distance value is 157 pc (+59, -34), just consistent with the lower end of the wide range derived from X-ray data. This measurement solves the long-standing problem of Geminga's distance and allows for the first precise determination of a neutron star luminosity from electron volts to giga-electron volts. Moreover, the repeated precise positionings substantially improve our knowledge of its proper motion.
(2020). Structural elucidation and environmental distributions of butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs). 17 (2), 317-330.

Butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs) are membrane lipids, re-cently discovered in sedimentary environments and in the methanogenic archaeon Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis . They possess an unusual structure, which challenges fundamental assumptions in lipid biochemistry. Indeed, they bear a butanetriol or a pentanetriol backbone instead of a glycerol at one end of their core structure. In this study, we unambiguously located the additional methyl group of the BDGT compound on the C3 carbon of the lipid backbone via high-ﬁeld nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experi-ments. We further systematically explored the abundance, distribution and isotopic composition of BDGTs and PDGTs
The Antibacterial Activity of a Fraction Extracted from Camel Urine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated from Tuberculosis Patients in Jeddah City

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by aerobic bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The influx of workers from various regions of Southeast Asia and the Indian sub-continent, who come to work in Saudi Arabia, is one of the major important reasons for the spread of the disease. PMF (Prophet Medicine fraction), is a biologically active fraction isolated from dried camel urine (PM701) by Prof. Fatin Khorshid (patented), it has many advantages as an antimicrobial agent against fungi species and Gram-positive bacteria and two Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study to investigate the effect of PMF (Prophet Medicine fraction) an extraction from camel urine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria (MTB) that causes Tuberculosis (TB). In addition, evaluate the period of treatment required to kill the bacteria, and comparing it with Rifampicin (RIF) antibiotic. This study depends on an experimental design that uses 10 random samples of TB patients from King Fahad Armed Hospital (KFAH) Processed. Each sample were cultured with different PMF concentrations using BACTEC 960 culture system and measurement by GeneXpert MTB/RIF test. Interpretation of 10 samples showed no effects of PMF drug compared with the RIF effect, only 10% concentration. Showed some effect. In the first test, there was an increasing number of MTB with all different concentrations of PMF that including 5%, 7.5%, 12.5%, and 15%. Similarly, all these samples are moved to the GeneXpert MTB/RIF test, and which showed that there are no effects in all PMF concentrations except 10%. Therefore, could conclude from these results that there is a non-significant effect of the PMF concentrations against MTB the 10% which probably be the ideal concentration of this drug that reduces the number of bacteria, evidenced by the P-value of the F test less than 0.05 %. In this research, it was predicted that the PMF substrate would work as an antibiotic agent only with certain conc. , which has many advantages such as; it is cheap, easier to find in Arab areas and it is non-toxic. The results showed no complete effect comparison between growth control of MTB treated with RIF and MTB treated with PMF except 10% that need further studies.
NEURAL CORRELATES OF PLEASURE

Pleasure is part of hedonic well-being, with roots back to Epicurus 2000 years ago. With the new evolving neuroscientific methods of the late 20 th and beginning of the 21 st century, we are now able to study the biological components of pleasure. This thesis aims to review empirical studies on the neural correlates of pleasure, which can have important implications for well-being, and treatment of addiction and affective disorders. Recent studies have suggested that pleasure can be separated into coding and causing. Discoveries show that causing of pleasure is created in so called hedonic hot spots, areas of the brain that intensely creates pleasure in the shell of nucleus accumbens and in the ventral pallidum. Areas that codes pleasure on the other hand is represented into more cortical areas of the brain, including orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex. There has been a growing understanding about how pleasure is represented in the brain, and a discussion on interpretations and limitations are provided followed by future research suggestions in the
Testosterone Inhibits CAMP-induced de Novo Synthesis of Leydig Cell Cytochrome P-45OI7, by an Androgen Receptor-mediated Mechanism*

The regulation of de novo synthesis of the microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme, P-45Ol7,, was studied in mouse Leydig cell cultures. Chronic treatment with 0.05 mM 8-Br-CAMP (CAMP) caused a time-de-pendent increase in 17a-hydroxylase activity and in the amount of P-45OI7,, quantitated by immunoblotting. This increase in both activity and amount was enhanced by inhibiting testosterone production with aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of cholesterol side-chain cleavage or SU 10603, an inhibitor of l7a-hy-droxylase. To examine the mechanism by which cAMP or cAMP plus inhibitors of testosterone production increased the activity and amount of P-45OI7,, changes in the rate of de novo synthesis were studied by measuring [36S]methionine incorporation into newly synthesized protein. Treatment with cAMP plus aminoglutethimide or SU 10603 caused a 2-fold or greater increase in the rate of de novo synthesis of P-45OI7, compared to treatment with cAMP only; The addition of exogenous testosterone reversed this increase in the rate of synthesis, indicating that testosterone modulates the extent of CAMP-stimulated induction of P-45OI7,. This negative effect of testosterone could be mimicked by the addition of the androgen agonist, mibolerone, and prevented by the addition P-45017, immunoisolated lysate an equal of Leydig cells, on of in two ways: analysis of data for the 24 and analysis of over 48-h The tests were for lack of fit of a linear trend, for significant difference between treatment media, and for significant differ- ence versus time (decay). Statistical analyses were done using the computer program BMDP2V (20).
Towards of Smart Cities Based on the Sustainability of Digital Services

Nowadays, the Digital Services (DS) has become an important component of Information Communication Technology (ICT) provided by governments to sustain and facilitate all the transactions. Simuntinuslly, digital services has gained popularity in developed and developing countries alike. Due to the importance of the sustainability of Information System (IS), this paper identifies the emergence of a clear gape to measure the sustainability of DS development for transforming to smart cites. The purpose of this paper is to observe the connections between Digital Services as a tool for economic development to approach the smart city and sustainability as the goal. Variables like infrastructure, social factors, security, users behavior and the more are to be determined majorly effecting the sustainability of DS as a technological and psychological packages. With the perspectives of the Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2). To examine the sustainability model, the data for this study were collected from 350 employees in public universities. This study employed the PLS 3 to the measurement model. Based on the findings, it can be confirmed that this freamwork is reliable to measure the sustainability of DS for transforming to smart cites. In addition, the results supported that these are successful key measurements of transforming to smart cities by countinue usage of DS in general and electronic govemrnt (eG) in spicific.