Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Herbicide Programs Utilizing Halauxifen-Methyl for Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Control in Soybean

Abstract Evolution of glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, such as horseweed, presents major challenges in no-till soybean production systems. Effective GR horseweed control with preplant burndown applications is necessary to prevent potential soybean yield losses due to competition and to manage the soil weed seedbank. Halauxifen-methyl is a new synthetic auxin herbicide for broadleaf weed control in preplant burndown applications for soybean and other crops at low use rates (5 g ae ha–1). Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide treatments containing halauxifen-methyl for control of GR horseweed in comparison to existing herbicide treatments utilized in no-till GR soybean systems. Glyphosate alone controlled horseweed 33%. Herbicide treatments that included halauxifenmethyl, dicamba, or saflufenacil in combination with glyphosate controlled horseweed 87% to 96%, 89%, and 93%, respectively, 35 d after burndown application (DAB). Horseweed control, horseweed density reduction, and ground cover reduction by halauxifen-methyl plus glyphosate was similar to dicamba plus glyphosate. Horseweed control was greater for halauxifen-methyl plus glyphosate than for 2,4-D plus glyphosate. Cloransulam, cloransulam plus flumioxazin, and cloransulam plus sulfentrazone added to halauxifenmethyl plus glyphosate increased horseweed control and reduced horseweed density. No herbicide injury or soybean yield reduction was observed for treatments containing halauxifen-methyl. Nomenclature: 2,4-D; dicamba; glufosinate; glyphosate; halauxifen-methyl; saflufenacil; horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. ERICA; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Elliptic flow at RHIC with NeXSPheRIO

Hydrodynamics seems a correct tool to describe RHIC collisions, however ν2(η) is not well reproduced as shown by Hirano et al. [13, 15]. These authors suggested that this might be due to lack of thermalization. Heinz and Kolb [12] presented a model with partial thermalization and obtained a reasonable agreement with data. The question addressed in this work is whether lack of thermalization is the only explaination for this disagreement between data and theory for ν2(η).
The efficacy and safety of canagliflozin across racial groups in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

AbstractObjective:Canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, enhances urinary glucose excretion through an insulin-independent mode of action, and improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study assessed the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin across racial groups.Methods:The efficacy of canagliflozin 100 mg and 300 mg was evaluated by racial group using data pooled from four placebo-controlled phase 3 studies and two placebo-controlled sub-studies of a population of patients with inadequately controlled T2DM (N = 4158). Least-squares mean changes from baseline were calculated for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), body weight (BW), cholesterol, and triglycerides. Safety/tolerability evaluation included reporting of general and prespecified adverse events (AEs). Results:A total of 75% of patients were White, 13% were Asian, 4% were Black/African American, and 8% were ‘Other’ (American Indian, Alaskan Native, mixed race, Native Haw.
Crown Gall Disease Susceptibility of Some Stone Fruit Rootstocks in Turkey

Rhizobium radiobacter formerly known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, is the most important bacterial pathogen causing crown gall disease on over 750 different plant species including ornamentals, vegetables and fruit trees. This pathogen causes crown galls on root and stems of plants and rarely on, above-soil parts of plants. Biological control is successfully used in disease management; however, such strategies are quite ineffective in disease contaminated soils or seedlings. Thus, growers and scientists are mostly focused on disease resistant cultivars or rootstocks. In this study, crown gall disease reactions of three widely used rootstocks Garnem, Myrobolan and GF-677 for stone fruit trees were evaluated. A drop of bacterial suspension of 10 9 cfu mL -1 were inoculated onto three individual wounds over 90 shoots per rootstock. The weights and sizes of the tumor formed were measured five months after rootstock inoculations. The size of produced galls on rootstocks Garnem, Myrobolan and GF-677 were 0.16-5.28 mm, 0.09-4.42 mm and 0.09-0.36 mm, respectively. However, the weights of the galls varied between 0.02-2.85 g in Garnem, 0.01-1.58 g in Myrobolan and 0.02-0.11 g in GF-677 rootstocks. According to statistical analyses of gall formations, rootstocks were placed in different groups, additionally, none of them were found resistant to crown gall disease. Among the three rootstock tested, the study revealed that Garnem was highly susceptible, Myrobolan was moderately susceptible and GF-677 rootstock was less susceptible to crown gall disease. When an orchard will be intended to be newly planted with stone fruit trees, hence, GF-677 type rootstock would be a good choice to be preferred for planting in new orchards.
Effect of Gender and Faculty on Emotional Maturity of College Students

The present study has been undertaken to know the effect of gender and faculty on emotional maturity of the college students. The sample consisted of 180 college students (60 from Arts, 60 from commerce and 60 from science faculty). Half of the subjects were male and half of them were female studding in first year degree course. The Ss were selected from the colleges situated in Gadhinglaj Tehsil form Kolhapur district. The data was analyzed by using t- test and one way ANOVA. Schefe’s post hoc test is used to find out the significance for inter group differences. The results reveal that the male and female college students differ in their emotional maturity. The faculty of college students also affect significantly on their emotional maturity.
A study of heterogeneous nucleation and electrostatic charge in steam flows

This thesis describes two experimental investigations concerned with condensing flows of steam in a cascade of turbine blading. The first considers the effect of heterogeneous nucleation on the flow of condensing steam. The second is concerned with the measurement of electrostatic charges generated on first nucleation in steam. The facility used in this investigation is a blow-down steam tunnel constructed for the study of two-phase flows in a cascade of turbine blading. To carry out the first part of the investigation, substantial modifications were introduced to generate a supply of ultra-pure steam for admission into the blade cascade. This allowed a base line set of blade surface pressure measurements to be recorded in the absence of impurities. In subsequent tests the steam was dosed with known quantities of aqueous ammonia to investigate the influence of chemical impurities on the condensation process. To investigate electrostatic effects a Langmuir probe for operation in steam was developed. Charge distribution was recorded with the probe mounted upstream and downstream of the blade cascade. Observations were recorded over two pressure ratios, using ultra-pure steam and, in subsequent tests, steam dosed with known quantities of aqueous ammonia. Comparisons are carried out between the base line measurements using ultra-pure steam and the measurements using dosed steam. Both sets of results are compared with those of previous investigators. The electrostatic measurements are compared with similar measurements recorded by investigators working in LP steam turbines. The results are discussed and conclusions drawn.
Biology of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) on Chick peabased artificial diet under laboratory conditions

The present investigation on biology of Helicoverpa armigera reared on chick pea based semi-synthetic diet revealed that its life cycle consisted of four distinct stages i.e., egg, larva, pupa and adult. A single female produced 1135.20±162.58 eggs throughout her entire life span. The incubation period was 3.62±0.15 days with 91.60±4.51% egg viability. The larval stage was completed in 18.30±0.54 days by passing through six instars under laboratory conditions of 25±1°C temperature, 65±5% RH and 12 hrs light. The average stadial periods for first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth instar larvae were 2.28±0.18, 2.46±0.11, 2.72±0.17, 3.18±0.23, 3.86±0.18 and 3.80±0.14 days, respectively. The last larval instar did not moult and it contracted into a grub like pre-pupal stage which lasted for 2.12±0.08 days. The average pupal period was 10.24±0.46 days for females and 12.52±0.34 days for males. Female moths had a pre-oviposition period of 2.54±0.21 days that included sexual maturity period. The oviposition and post-oviposition period recorded were 6.60±0.53 and 1.42±0.15 days, respectively. The total life period ranged from 39 to 51 days with females having longer mean life than the males. The sex ratio of male: female was 1: 1.28.
Quality of the water fluoridation and municipal-level indicators in a Brazilian metropolitan region

This study explored the relationship between water fluoridation quality and development indicators at municipal level. In addition, fluoride concentrations found were classified based on two criteria for interpreting the samples. A cross-sectional ecological exploratory study was carried out including all municipalities of the metropolitan region of Great Vitória, ES, Brazil. From May to October 2016, 648 samples of water were collected covering water treatment plants responsible for more than 80% of the population of each municipality. The fluoride concentration of each sample was determined using ion-specific electrode and the results were classified according to the federal act and the criterion proposed by the Collaborating Center of the Brazilian Ministry of Health for Oral Health Surveillance. The outcome was the rate of values included in the optimal concentration interval and the independent variables were municipal-level indicators related to demographics, economics, sanitation, health conditions and human development characteristics. The Spearman test and Kappa statistic were used in the analysis. The percentage of samples presenting optimal fluoride concentration ranged from 68.1 to 81.4%, considering the two criteria used. The Kappa statistic between the criteria was 0.671 (p-value = 0.001). Human development, average coverage of supervised toothbrushing, and total population showed a strong positive correlation with the quality of fluoridation while infant mortality and tooth-extraction/dental procedures ratio showed a strong negative correlation. The plausibility of observed correlations encourages further investigations of potential causes.
Low-energy nuclear reactions sourcebook

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1. Low Energy Nuclear Reactions: The Emergence of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science GENERAL 2. Background to Cold Fusion - The Genesis of a Concept THEORY, MECHANISM AND MODELING 3. An Approach to Nuclear Energy Without Strong Nuclear Radiation 4. Study on 4D/TSC Condensation Motion by Non-Linear Langevin Equation 5. How to Explain Cold Fusion? 6. Resonant Electromagnetic Interaction in Low Energy Nuclear Reactions EXCESS HEAT AND CALORIMETRIC CALCULATIONS 7. Evidence of Coherent Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Matter at Room Temperature 8. Accuracy of Isoperibolic Calorimetry Used in Cold Fusion Control Experiments 9. Transmutation Reactions and Associated LENR Effects in Solids 10. Replication of Condensed Matter Heat Production 11. Models Relevant to Excess Heat Production in Fleischmann-Pons Experiments TRANSMUTATION AND NUCLEAR ASH 12. Transmutation Reactions in Condensed Matter 13. Experimental Observation and Modeling of Cs-137 Isotope Deactivation and Stable Isotopes Transmutation in Biological Cells 14. Detection of Energetic Particles and Neutrons Emitted During Pd/D Co Deposition METAL HYDRIDE SYSTEMS / MATERIALS SCIENCE 15. Thermal Changes in Palladium Deuteride Induced by Laser Beat Frequencies 16. Study of the Nanostructured Palladium Hydride System
Presence and viability of
 Ceratocystis lukuohia
 in ambrosia beetle frass from Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death‐affected
 Metrosideros polymorpha
 trees on Hawaiʻi Island

Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD) is a fungal disease of ʻōhiʻa lehua (Myrtaceae: Metrosideros polymorpha) caused by Ceratocystis lukuohia and C. huliohia. ROD is the aetiological agent of widespread mortality of this important tree on Hawaiʻi Island, but its epidemiology remains unclear. We investigated the prevalence and viability of C. lukuohia in ambrosia beetle frass in ROD‐affected ʻōhiʻa trees. A total of 200 frass traps were placed onto C. lukuohia‐infected ʻōhiʻa at four locations on the east side of Hawaiʻi Island. Frass was collected and screened for the presence of C. lukuohia DNA using a diagnostic qPCR assay. In addition, frass samples were screened for viability by carrot baiting. All trapped beetles were of the genus Xyleborus, with the majority being the non‐native X. ferrugineus. Of the frass samples tested, 62% contained C. lukuohia DNA and 17% of carrot baits were positive for the fungus. These results indicate that ambrosia beetle frass releases C. lukuohia into the environment. We discuss the potential role infested frass could play in the ROD pathosystem.
Epitaktisch gewachsene GaAs-Oberflächen im Inneren des stereografischen Dreiecks

The aim of this thesis was to investigate GaAs surfaces whose orientations are located inside the stereographic triangle, i. e. , far from the low-index planes (001), (110) and (111). Various surfaces were prepared by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and characterized in situ by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and electron diffraction (LEED, RHEED). GaAs(112)A is not stable but decays into facets. Some of these facets are oriented in a direction close to {124}. This plane is located inside the stereographic triangle. On GaAs(113)A–(8×1) a highly anisotropic step structure was observed. While steps along [332̄] are straight for up to 2000 Å without any kinks, steps along [11̄0] are very rough. This phenomenon was explained on the basis of the electron counting rule (ECR). Under certain preparation conditions, mesoscopic valleys appear along [332̄]. Parts of their sidewalls are of the orientation {3 7 15}. This plane is also located inside the stereographic triangle. In order to check the aforementioned indications that there is a stable surface inside the stereographic triangle, spherical depressions were ground into GaAs(113)A samples. A hitherto unknown stable surface was discovered in these depressions. Further experiments on suitably cut planar samples revealed that the Miller indices of this new surface are (2 5 11). The (1×1) unit mesh of the reconstruction contains an inclined series of three arsenic dimers and fulfills the ECR. The surface consists of large terraces without any islands or holes. Narrow stripes with the orientation (3 7 15) form on the surface. The angle between this plane and (2 5 11) is only 1◦. GaAs(3 7 15) violates the ECR, but the density of dangling bonds is only 0.1% greater than on GaAs(2 5 11). It was concluded that, in general, on semiconductor surfaces the gain in stability arising from the minimization of the number of dangling bonds is significantly greater than the gain arising from reaching a semiconducting ground state. On the basis of the results for GaAs(2 5 11), the bounding facets of InAs/GaAs(001) quantum dots were unambiguously identified in STM images as {137}. The discovery of GaAs(2 5 11), the first stable surface inside the stereographic triangle, raises the question of what other surfaces there may be.
EFFECT OF CAGE DENSITY ON FEED INTAKE, BODY WEIGHT GAIN, AND FEED CONVERSION IN BROILER

The objective of this research was to observe the effect of cages density on broiler chickens during the maintenance period. The materials used in research werebroilerLohmann strain 744 without gender differentiated and maintained for 35 days.In the course of this study, treatment was conducted with broiler cage size of 1 m 2 . At observations P1 barrier filled 28 chickens, at P2 barrier filled 30 chickens, at P3barrier filled 32 chickens, and at P4 barrier filled 34 chickens. The variables observed in this study is the feed intake consumption, body weight, and feed conversion in broilers. All the data were analyzed by using analysis of variance with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). If there is a significant difference between the treatments then followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.The results of this study indicate that the level of effect that the cage density were significantly different ( P < 0.05 ) on feed consumption and provide a highly significant effect ( P < 0.01 ) on body weight and feed conversion broilers. Based on the results of this study concluded that the density of cages that are too high can affect the appearance of the broiler production. Keywords: Broiler, cages density, body weight and feed conversion.
Removal of pharmaceuticals in biological wastewater treatment systems: model generalisation and implications for environmental risk predictions

An Activated Sludge Modelling framework for Xenobiotics (ASM-X) was recently developed to mechanistically predict the fate of pharmaceuticals in a full-scale treatment plant. In this study, we generalized ASM-X to international literature data. Through the generalization, we assessed the influence on the biological removal efficiency of specific factors, namely influent loading dynamics, SRT and retransformation processes (from e.g., human metabolites back to parent chemicals). With regard to the latter, we show that the estimation of removal efficiency based only on parent chemical (a predominant practice in literature) can lead to an underestimation of the environmental risk.
ESTIMASI BIOMASA DAN KARBON TERSIMPAN PADA Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese DI HUTAN PINUS GN. BUNDER, TN. GN. HALIMUN SALAK

A study on the biomass and carbon stock estimation of Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese plantation has been conducted on 17-years and 30-years old pine forest in Gunung Bunder, Halimun Salak National Park. The method used was the allometric with non destructive technique. The results showed that pine trees density of 30-years old pine was 542 trees ha-1 ; the basal area (BA) was 26.8 m2 ha-1; trees density of 17-years old pine was 1,398 tree ha-1 with BA was 36.2 m2 ha-1. The estimation of biomass, carbon sinks and CO2 sequestration of 30-years old pine were 203.7, 96.5 and 354.2 ton ha-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the estimation of biomass, carbon sinks and CO2 sequestration of 17-years old pine were 188.3, 86.8 and 318.5 ton ha-1, respectively. Value of the environmental services derived from the CO2 absorption for the development of a pine forest ranged from US. $ 1,847.09 to 2,054.22, at two ages of pine trees.
Experimental and Modeling Investigations of Biomass Particle Combustion

EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING INVESTIGATIONS OF BIOMASS PARTICLE COMBUSTION Hong Lu Department of Chemical Engineering Doctor of Philosophy This investigation provides a comprehensive analysis of entrained-flow biomass combustion processes. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate how particle shape and size influence biomass combustion rates. Experimental samples include flake-like, cylinder-like, and equant (nearly spherical) shapes with similar particle masses and volumes but different surface areas. Samples of small (less than 500 μm) particles were passed through a laboratory entrained-flow reactor in a nitrogen/air atmosphere and a maximum reactor wall temperature of 1600 K, while large samples were reacted in suspension in a single particle furnace operated at similar conditions as the entrained-flow reactor. A separately developed computer and image analysis system was used to determine particle surface-area-to-volume ratios based on three orthogonal particle silhouettes. Experimental data indicate that equant (spherical) particles react more slowly than the other shapes, with the conversion time ratio required for complete combustion becoming greater as particle mass increases and reaching a factor of two or more for particles larger than 1 mm in diameter (which includes most particles in commercial application). A color-band, non-contact pyrometer developed in this project measured particle surface temperatures and flame temperatures during pyrolysis and char burning processes. This technique employs widely available and relative inexpensive cameras and detectors. The camera-measured temperature data agree with black body calibration data within the accuracy of the data (± 20°C) and with thermocouple-measured data and model predictions within the repeatability of the data (± 50 °C) in most cases. A one-dimensional, transient particle combustion model simulates the drying, pyrolysis, and char oxidation and gasification processes of particles with different shapes. The model also predicts the shrinking/swelling and surrounding flame combustion behaviors of a single particle. Model simulations of the three shapes agree nearly within experimental uncertainty with the data. For biomass particle devolatilization processes, model predictions extended to a wider range of sizes predict the effects of shape and size on yields and overall mass conversion rates. The near-spherical particle loses mass most slowly and its conversion time significantly differs from those of flake-like particles and cylinder-like particles as particle equivalent diameter increases. Little difference exists between cylinderand plate-like particles.
Class III OFPs function in the ER signaling pathway to regulate plant growth and development in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT Both OFPs and ERECTA (ER) regulate plant response to environmental stresses as well as plant growth and development. Blunt-endeded siliques, the characterized phenotype of the er mutants, was observed in transgenic plants overexpressing Class III OFP genes, including OFP13, OFP15, OFP16 and OFP18. We found here that overexpression of ER restored the blunt-endeded siliques phenotypes observed in 35S:OFP15 or 35S:OFP16 plants, whereas er ofp15 and er ofp16 double mutants showed an overall phenotype similar to er single mutants, but their siliques were not blunt-endeded. By generating and characterizing transgenic plants overexpressing putative MAPK phosphorylation sites mutated OFP15 and OPF18, we found that phosphorylation status in Class III OFPs may affect their function in regulating plant growth and development. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of OFP15, OFP16 and OFP18 were increased in er mutants. Taken together, these results suggest that functions of Class III OFPs may depend on ER signaling.
Epistatic interactions can moderate the antigenic effect of substitutions in hemagglutinin of influenza H3N2 virus

We previously showed that single amino acid substitutions at seven positions in hemagglutinin determined major antigenic change of influenza H3N2 virus. Here, the impact of two such substitutions was tested in eleven representative H3 hemagglutinins to investigate context-dependence effects. The antigenic effect of substitutions introduced at hemagglutinin position 145 was fully independent of the amino acid context of the representative hemagglutinins. Antigenic change caused by substitutions introduced at hemagglutinin position 155 was variable and context-dependent. Our results suggest that epistatic interactions with contextual amino acids in the hemagglutinin can moderate the magnitude of antigenic change.