Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influences of fertilization on Aphis gossypii and insecticide usage

Abstract: Fertilization levels for ornamental crops may influence pest population dynamics, crop quality, and pest management strategy. We examined the effect of fertilization on population growth and within‐plant distribution of melon or cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, on potted chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzvelev). In terms of pest management implications, we also investigated the effect of fertilization on the number of insecticide applications needed to control A. gossypii on potted chrysanthemum. Population growth rate of A. gossypii increased with fertilization levels from 0 to 38 ppm N and reached a plateau from 38 to 488 ppm N. Increased fertilization beyond 38 ppm N, 10% of the commercial standard, did not result in higher aphid number. Aphids responded to nutrient availability of plants by distributing themselves in areas with higher level of nitrogen. More aphids were found in the apical and middle strata of the plants than the basal stratum, which had the lowest nitrogen content. Leaf nitrogen content increased with increased fertilization level and was consistently higher in the apical and middle strata than the basal stratum. Increased fertilization from 0 to 375 ppm N did not result in higher number of insecticide applications. All three insecticides (bifenthrin, kinoprene or pymetrozine) were effective in keeping the aphid infestation below a pre‐determined level, five aphids per plant, but pymetrozine required the least number of applications. For chrysanthemum, a fast‐growing crop and heavy utilizer of nitrogen, increased fertilization shortened the time to flowering, which would allow growers to harvest their crop sooner and reduce the time for aphid population growth. Reduction in time to harvest could result in significant reduction of insecticide usage by reducing the time for aphid population growth. As a result, high fertilization together with minimal runoff may be a useful tactic to an integrated pest management (IPM) programme for managing A. gossypii on potted chrysanthemums.
Climate, nitrogen and grass. 4. The influence of age on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of maize (Zea mays L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arandinacea Schreb.).

Summary In a field experiment with maize it was found that in vitro digestibility of leaves de­ creased somewhat during undisturbed growth, whereas digestibility of stems decrased appreciably. This decrease in leaf digestibility was caused by a lower digestibility of later developed leaves and by a slight decrease in digestibility during aging of each individual leaf. In a pot experiment with tall fescue grown at different temperatures it appeared that a higher temperature caused higher concentrations of cell-wall constituents and lower digestibility, whereas during aging the percentage of cell-wall constituents remained constant or even decreased, digestibility decreasing slightly. These results suggested that in a constant climate the effect of age on digestibility would be small, and that the great effect of age on forage quality in spring is mainly due to rising temperature and stem formation.
Morphological changes in European goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis) released by bird trappers

In Spain, several Autonomous Communities have granted licenses to capture European goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis parva) during the post-breeding period, from August to December. In Galicia (NW Spain) and other Autonomous Communities, after 5-7 months of captivity, many birds are released. We tested the hypothesis that captivity results in biometric and body condition changes which affect the post-release survival of these birds. We used two groups captured in Galicia, the first made up of birds captured for ringing and the second consisting of birds captured by bird-trappers, kept in captivity for 5-7 months and then released. Two-way ANOVA tests were used to test the effect of group and sex on the wing, bill, head, tarsus and tail measurements. Birds held in captivity had shorter wings and longer bills than those captured for ringing. The significance of these morphometric changes is unknown but it is possible that they could have a detrimental effect on foraging behaviour and post-release survival. In light of this, those involved in keeping wild birds in captivity should review their husbandry techniques.
Diversity of a Population of Wild Soybean (G. soja) Growing in Longjing Conserved Region of Jilin Province

28 SSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 32 wild soybean accessions collected from Longjing Conserved Region in Jilin Province.A total of 120 polymorphic bands were amplified with these SSR markers and the average alleles were 4.29 for each marker.The coefficient of genetic similarity among 32 wild soybean accessions ranged from 0.58 to 1.0,the average genetic similarities coefficient was 0.63. Clustering analysis showed that there was a relationship between growth tendency and geographic proximity,and the phenomenon of genetic plaque could be seen clearly.The distribution of Simpson index for 28 SSR loci was 0.1191 ～0.6738,the average Simpson index were 0.4544;Shannon-weaver index for 28 SSR loci was 0.2771～1.4783,the average Shannon-weaver index were 0.8865. These results showed that there existed a highly genetic diversity for wild soybean accessions from Longjing area in Jilin Province.
Multiplicación clonal y enraizamiento in vitro de Ananas comosus L. "Queen Australia".

Con el propósito de propagar masivamente la piña, Ananas comosus ‘Queen Australia’, se multiplicaron in vitro brotes provenientes de ápices caulinares extraídos de hijos basales. Estos se transfirieron a medio líquido de Murashige y Skoog (MS), adicionando tres tratamientos hormonales: sin reguladores de crecimiento; 0,01 mg.L-1 de ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) + 1,0 mg.L-1 de bencilaminopurina (BA) y 0,01 mg.L-1 de ANA + 1,0 mg.L-1 de BA + 2 mg.L-1 de ácido giberélico (AG3). A las ocho semanas, el número de brotes explante-1 (38,6) fue superior al usar 0,01 mg.L-1 de ANA + 1,0 mg.L-1 de BA; también el número de brotes cuyo tamaño fue >1 cm (22,3) y de 0,5 a 1 cm (12,8) fueron mayores. Para el enraizamiento se cultivaron brotes >1 cm en un medio semisólido de MS + ANA en las concentraciones de 0; 0,25; 0,50; 1,0 y 2,0 mg.L-1. A las cuatro semanas, el mayor número de raíces (28,4) se registró al usar 2,0 mg.L-1; mientras que la longitud máxima de raíces tuvo el mismo comportamiento en las cuatro dosis menores (1,3 a 1,6 cm), siendo superior a la longitud obtenida con 2,0 mg.L-1 (0,5 cm). La multiplicación masiva se logró con la combinación BAANA en medio líquido; mientras que el enraizamiento fue satisfactorio con ANA en medio semisólido. Palabras clave: Cultivo in vitro, micropropagación, piña, propagación masiva.
Corrigendum

It has been drawn to our attention that Fig. 1a,c,d in Mougeot et al. (2010a) appears to show the same data as Fig. 1a,d,e in a paper published by (some of) the same authors in Journal of Evolutionary Biology (Mougeot et al., 2010b). The authors wish to clarify the relationship between these two papers and rectify the lack of crossreferencing. Both papers focus on red grouse and are outputs from the same large-scale field manipulation undertaken in 2006. They represent two, very different, stand-alone studies addressing different conceptual issues. The central experimental manipulation of both papers is the drug treatment of birds. The authors felt it was necessary to include background data in each paper to give the reader confidence in the efficacy of the experimental treatment and to allow the reader to better understand and interpret the main results of the papers, which explore very different physiological mechanisms that influence ornamental colouration. For this reason, the treatment effects on parasite burden and comb colouration were presented in both papers, although a different index of comb redness was used [adjusted R-values (Fig. 1e in J. Evol. Biol.) vs. adjusted R ⁄(G + B) values (Fig. 1c in J. Exp. Biol.)]. Both indices are accurate reflections of comb redness, gave similar results and have been used in previous studies in different contexts to characterize comb colour. Both papers also include the same data on levels of circulating carotenoids [Fig. 1d in J. Exp. Biol.; Fig. 1d in J. Evol. Biol.]. The authors feel the inclusion of these data in both papers can be justified conceptually. In the J. Exp. Biol. paper, the trade-off between the use of carotenoids for colouring ornaments vs. dealing with oxidative stress is central to the key question. In the J. Evol. Biol. paper, these data reinforce the argument that carotenoid levels and ornamental colouration covary with corticosterone levels. The reiteration of background data on parasite removal and carotenoid levels does not compromise the uniqueness of each paper. The papers were submitted to, and published by, the respective journals in parallel, and the absence of cross-referencing was an oversight on the part of the authors, who acknowledge that the figure legends should have cited the corresponding paper and that the different indices used for comb redness should have been clarified. The paper by Mougeot et al. (2010a) should have been cited and referenced in the Journal of Evolutionary Biology article (Mougeot et al., 2010b), and we apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Nutrition

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multidisciplinary and multimodal program designed to minimize the response to surgical trauma and normalize the patient as early as possible. While managing the perioperative process of the patient, ERAS protocols a change from classical and dogma-based treatments to modern concepts with a radical change. Its basic philosophy is to provide early recovery by supporting mobilization and gastrointestinal functions without causing complications. This protocol consists of many different elements, and when they are applied together, they support each other. Nutrition is an important part of ERAS protocols, and it directly affects clinical outcomes. The recommended perioperative nutritional management algorithm for patients to be operated with ERAS protocols starts with a routine nutritional assessment and aims at early oral/enteral feeding at each stage. The aim of this compilation is to review current perioperative nutritional recommendations in the period in which ERAS protocols are adapted to all areas of surgery.
Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia

Wirabuana PYAP, Setiahadi R, Sadono R, Lukito M, Martono DS, Matatula J. 2020. Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4291-4300. The capability of community forests for offsetting carbon emissions highly depends on their biomass production. Unfortunately, the measurement of tree biomass in community forests using a destructive method is expensive and time-consuming. It is also almost impossible to conduct this method for all trees in the observation area. Therefore, the development of allometric equations is essential to support tree biomass estimation in community forests. This study was designed to construct specific models for predicting individual tree biomass in community forests, located in Madiun, Indonesia. We destructively sampled approximately 120 trees from four different species (30 trees for each species), i.e., Falcataria moluccana, Melia azedarach, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tectona grandis. For every tree sample, the measurement of biomass was conducted in each tree’s component, namely roots, stem, branches, and leaves. The allometric equations were developed with regression analysis using predictor variables, like diameter at breast height (D), squared diameter at breast height combined with tree height (DH), as well as D and H separately. Results found that for four species, the mean biomass in the stem was 50.3%, followed by branches 25.4%, roots 15.9%, and leaves 8.3%. The best equation for estimating biomass in every component and total of four species was different. However, our study showed that the equation lnŶ = -3.037 + 1.430 lnD + 1.684 was reliable to estimate total individual tree biomass of four species in the surveyed area since this model had accuracy of 90.8%. Referring to these findings, we recommended the utilization of an allometric equation as an alternative method for facilitating more efficient biomass measurement in the community forests.
CAN INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS BENEFIT FROM TECHNICAL ANALYSIS IN MARKETS OF SOFT COMMODITIES? EMPIRICAL STUDY FOR 2010–2018

After the 2008 financial crisis, many investors diversified their portfolios with different commodities, including the so-called softs. This paper aims to answer the question of whether individual investors can benefit from technical analysis on soft commodity markets. The empirical study is based on daily quotations of six soft commodities: coffee, cocoa, sugar, cotton, rubber and frozen concentrated orange juice from 2010 to 2018, and investigates the profitability of applying indicators and oscillators based on moving averages with different length. The results show that the application of five-day simple and weighted moving averages and momentum oscillators was most effective, providing positive returns in five out of six soft commodities markets.
Non-modal stability of laminar channel flow over porous walls Relatore : Prof

We perform a non-modal stability analysis of a fully-developed and laminar flow of an incompressible fluid through a channel bounded by flat, homogeneous, isotropic porous layers. We model the flow in the purely fluid region using the Navier-Stokes equations, and the flow through the porous layers using a volumeaveraged version of the Navier-Stokes equations derived by Whitaker (1994). We restrict our study to flows through porous materials in which inertial effects can be considered negligible. We assume an exponential temporal dependence of the perturbations and derive the modal equations. We discretize the modal equations by means of the Chebyshev collocation spectral method, solve the related linear stability problem, and compute the maximum energy amplification among all the possible perturbations. We use an adaptive algorithm to carry out a parametric study in which we vary Reynolds number, streamwise and spanwise wavenumbers, permeability, porosity and a coefficient which represents the momentum transfer process at the interface between the fluid region and the porous material. We validate our methodology by comparing our eigenvalues with the ones reported by previous linear stability studies, as well as by recovering the transient energy growth of the plane Poiseuille flow, in the limit of zero permeability. We report that in well defined regions of the wavespace, permeability can increase the maximum value of the energy growth up to 40% with respect of plane Poiseuille flow. We show that this increase is associated to an optimal initial condition in which there is a significant flow across the interface. Moreover, we discover that the modes associated with the equations governing the fluid motion in the porous layers and with the momentum transfer conditions, do not contribute significantly to reported amplification of the maximum value of the energy growth function. We find that porosity and momentum transfer coefficient have a weaker influence on the transient growth than permeability does, while they alter significantly the linearly unstable regions in the wavespace.
Determination of CKM phases γ and −2βs from charmless two-body decays of beauty mesons

An important task of the modern research in particle physics is to measure the properties of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. The CKMmatrix governs the mixing between mass and flavour eigenstates of quarks and is responsible of the breaking of the CP symmetry in the Standard Model (SM), hence, in the very end, of the imbalance between matter and anti-matter in the Universe. Probing the consistency and the unitarity of the CKM matrix is fundamental to verify the validity of the SM and to look for physics beyond. Using the measurements of CP-violation parameters and branching ratios of the B0 → π+π−, B0 → π0π0, B+ → π+π0 and B0 s → K+K− decays, a bayesian analysis is performed to determine two parameters of the CKM matrix: the angle γ and the mixing phase, −2βs, of the B0 s meson.
Parallel Processing of Very Many Textual Customers' Reviews Freely Written Down in Natural Languages

—Text mining of hundreds of thousand or millions of documents written in a natural language is limited by the computational complexity (time and memory) and computer performance. Many applications can use only standard personal computers. In this case, the whole data set has to be divided into smaller subsets that can be processed in parallel. This article deals with the problem how to divide the original data set, which represents a typical collection containing two millions of customers’ reviews written in English. The main goal is to mine information the quality of which is comparable with information obtained from the whole set despite the fact that the mining is carried out using subsets of the original large data set. The article suggests a method of dividing the set into subsets including a possibility of evaluating the mining results by comparing the unified outputs of individual subsets with the original set. The suggested method is illustrated with a task that searches for significant words expressing the customers’ opinions on hotel services. It is shown that there is always a certain boundary under which the subset sizes cannot fall as well as how to experimentally find this border.
Patterns and outcomes of abdominal trauma patients Admitted to Trauma Intensive Care Unit..

Abdomen is the third most common area of the body that is damaged because of trauma. The nurse must be aware of specific assessment findings associated with abdominal trauma and immediate recognition of problems, so this study aimed to assess patterns and outcomes of abdominal trauma patients admitted to trauma intensive care unit.A descriptive research design was used. Setting: This study was carried out in trauma intensive care unit at Assuit University Hospital. Sample: 60 adult critically ill patients with abdominal trauma. Tools: Patient profile characteristic's sheet and abdominal trauma severity scores and outcomes assessment sheet were used. Main results: There were 65% males and 35% females. Mean Age was 36.62±10.8. Blunt trauma accounted for 86.67% while penetrating was 13.33%. Motor car accidents was the main cause of trauma with 51.67%, liver and spleen the most affected organs. Mortality rate was 10%. Gastrointestinal and respiratory complications are the most occurred. Conclusion: Abdominal trauma patients need frequent assessment as majority of the studied patients at a high risk for developing complications. Recommendations: Training the nurses about how to use abdominal trauma scoring systems for frequent assessment of patients' heath statue from first day of admission.
Emerging Research Information

Objective: this study aimed to compare the dentin bond strength of a resin-modified light-curable calcium-silicate-based material (TheraCal LC®; Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA) with White MTA (WMTA®; Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil). Materials and Methods: sixteen human maxillary incisors and canines were selected and three 1-mm-discs were obtained from the middle third of each root. On the coronal surface of each disc, two 1.2-mm-wide-holes were drilled through the dentin. Then, artificial holes were filled with one of the tested materials: WMTA® and TheraCal LC®. The filled dental slices were stored in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution (pH 7.2) for 7 days at 37 °C. After that, push-out assessment was performed with a 1.0-mm-plungertip. Load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until sealer displacement. The results were expressed in MPa. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to rank materials regarding dentin push-out bond strength. Significance level was set at a = 5%. Results: All specimens showed measurable results and no premature failure occurred. TheraCal LC® demonstrated superior push-out bond strength values to dentin when compared to WMTA® (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: there is advantage of TheraCal LC® over WMTA® as regards to the push-out bond strength and, therefore it may be taken as a promising and innovative reparative material.
Firm Leverage and Wealth Inequality

This paper studies the effects of a change in firm leverage on wealth inequality and macroeconomic aggregates. The question is studied in a general equilibrium model with a continuum of heterogeneous agents, life-cycle, incomplete markets, and idiosyncratic and aggregate risk. The analysis focuses on the particular change in firm leverage that occurred in the U.S. during the 1980s, when firm leverage increased significantly, and subsequently has been dropping since the early 1990s. In the benchmark model, an increase in firm leverage of the size that occurred during the 1980s increases capital accumulation by 5.38%, decreases wealth inequality by 1.07 Gini points and decreases government revenues by 0.11% of output. An increase in firm leverage increases average after-tax returns on savings, as firm debt has beneficial tax treatment. This increases the saving rates of all households, and disproportionately increases the saving rates of relatively poorer households. Consequently, the model implies that the increase in firm leverage did not contribute to rising inequality in the U.S. in the 1980s, but rather the opposite; that the reduction in leverage from the early 1990s to 2008 has contributed to rising wealth inequality. Furthermore, I show that if the model abstracts from beneficial tax treatment of corporate debt, the change in leverage has only minor effects on macro aggregates and inequality, despite having significant implications for asset prices. This is consistent with the previous result in the literature showing that the Modigliani-Miller theorem approximately holds in the heterogeneous agents model with imperfect markets.
Quantification of abdominal fat from computed tomography using deep learning and its association with electronic health records in an academic biobank

Objective The objective was to develop a fully automated algorithm for abdominal fat segmentation and deploy this method at scale and associated with diagnoses in an academic biobank. Materials and Methods We built a fully automated image curation and labeling technique using deep learning and distributive computing to identify subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat compartments from 47,587 CT scans in 13,422 patients in the Penn Medicine Biobank (PMBB). A classification network identified the inferior and superior borders of the abdomen, and a segmentation network differentiated visceral and subcutaneous fat. Following technical evaluation of our method, we conducted studies to validate known relationships with adiposity. Results When compared with 100 manually annotated cases, the classification network was on average within one 5 mm slice for both the superior (0.3{+/-}0.6 slices) and inferior (0.7{+/-}0.6 slices) borders. The segmentation network also demonstrated excellent performance with interclass correlation coefficients of 0.99 (p<2e-16) for subcutaneous and 0.99 (p<2e-16) for visceral fat on 100 testing cases. We performed integrative analyses of abdominal fat with the phenome extracted from the electronic health record and found highly significant associations with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal failure, among other phenotypes. Conclusion This work presents a fully automated and highly accurate method for the quantification of abdominal fat that can be applied to routine clinical imaging studies to fuel translation scientific discovery.