Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Band offsets and growth mode of molecular beam epitaxy grown MgO (111) on GaN (0002) by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

MgO is a proposed dielectric for use as a tunneling barrier in devices integrating GaN and ferroelectric oxides. In this study, we present data regarding the growth mode and band offsets of MgO grown epitaxially on GaN (0002) surfaces using molecular beam epitaxy. Using in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and molecular beam epitaxy, we determine, from sequential growth experiments, that the growth of MgO proceeds via the Volmer-Weber (three-dimensional) mode, and full coalescence of the film does not occur until approximately 12nm of MgO has been deposited. The observation of a three-dimensional growth mode is in agreement with previously published data. For the valence band offset, we find a value of 1.2±0.2eV, which corresponds to a 3.2eV conduction band offset. XPS measurements suggest a chemically abrupt interface and no effect on band lineup due to the slow coalescence behavior.
Interest rate volatility and the shape of the term structure

This paper analyses the effect of interest rate uncertainty on the shape of the forward rate curve. We consider a broad class of term structure models characterized by an affine relation between the drift and diffusion coefficients of the stochastic process describing the evolution of the state variables and the level of the state variables. For these models, a simple relation exists between the shape of the forward rate curve, the sensitivity of the zero-coupon yield curve to the state variables and the variance-covariance matrix of the state variables. In single factor models this relation implies that minus the convexity of the forward rate curve with respect to a measure of ‘duration’ is equal to the variance of the short rate. The paper explores why it is that, despite the well known shortcomings of single factor models, attempts to fit such models to cross-sections of nominal bond prices nonetheless produce reasonable estimates of interest rate volatility.
Measurements of mean velocity and turbulent intensities in a free isothermal swirling jet

The objectives of the present measurements are to provide data against which results of numerical prediction procedures can be compared, and quantitative information on the behavior of all turbulent stresses and their correlation to spatial distribution of mean velocity gradients, with a view to improving current understanding of relevant transport processes and to guiding turbulence modeling and prediction efforts of such flows. A laser velocimeter, operating in a constant time interval sampling mode, was used to obtain the measurements. Measured values are presented for the case of strong swirling velocities (with recirculating region). The location and extent of the recirculation region is established. Contours of turbulent kinetic energy, derived from measured data, locate the high-turbulence intensity zones (i.e., zones of intense mixing). Experimental data indicate a strong dependence of the turbulent stresses on the local strain of the mean flow in most regions of the flow, which suggests that an eddy viscosity type of turbulence model, e.g., the k-epsilon model, rather than a Reynolds stress model could be acceptable for the prediction of such flows. 22 references.
Implicit Distributions and Estimation

Abstract In this article, we introduce a notion of implicit distribution for a parameter in a dominated statistical model. It is a conditional distribution of the parameter given the data. We show that the implicit distribution exists for the Jørgensen parameter in an exponential dispersion model. A method of point estimation is provided for some illustrative examples.
DIVERSITY OF EXTRASOLAR PLANETS AND DIVERSITY OF MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES. II. MASSES OF GAS GIANT PLANETS

In Paper I, we suggested that the diversity of extrasolar planets might originate from the diversity of molecular cloud cores and specifically illustrated the relationship between semi-major axes of planets in a planetary system and the properties of its progenitor cloud core. In this paper, we investigate the dependence of the mass of a giant planet on the progenitor core properties. We give numerical results of planet masses as a function of the core properties by using the core accretion model of planet formation. Comparing with observations, our model could explain the range and the most frequent values of observed masses of gas giant planets. Our calculations could interpret the observed pileup of gas giants at > 1 AU ? > and the distinct deficit of gas giants from ∼0.05 to 1 AU ? > . Our calculations indicate that it is difficult to form gas giant planets outside 20 AU ? > and the intermediate mass planets might be found at ∼15–30 AU as the observing technique advances. We suggest a formation mechanism of super-Jupiters in the framework of the core accretion model of planet formation. A super-Jupiter can form under the condition that a disk is gravitationally unstable (high viscosity) when a protoplanet opens the deep gap. Our calculations infer that the upper limit of super-Jupiter masses, the range of semi-major axes, and the occurrence rate of super-Jupiters increase with the central star mass. We find that gas giant planets should commonly exist around various stellar masses.
Why it is important to understand dynamics of triangular maps?

The dynamics of triangular (or skew-product) maps of the square, given by became interesting since 1979 when Kloeden proved that Sharkovsky's theorem on coexistence of cycles of a continuous map of an interval is valid also for them. In this paper, we briefly recall the history of research. Then we provide a survey of recent results related to the problem of classification of triangular maps formulated by Sharkovsky in 1989. We show that some special techniques that were developped in order to solve this problem appeared to be very useful in the theory of general topological dynamical systems. We conclude with some open problems and conjectures.
Rayleigh–Bénard convection in liquid metal layers under the influence of a vertical magnetic field

The influence of a vertical magnetic field on the integral heat transfer and the temporal dynamics of liquid metal Rayleigh–Benard convection is studied in an experiment using a small Prandtl number (Pr≈0.02) sodium potassium alloy Na22Kr78 as a test fluid. The test section is a rectangular box of large aspect ratio 20 : 10 : 1 that covers a parameter range of Rayleigh numbers, 103<Ra<105, and Chandrasekhar numbers, 0<Q<1.44×104. The integral heat transfer across the layer is evaluated from the measured temperatures at the upper and the lower boundary and the applied heat flux. Local, time-dependent temperatures are obtained from a four-element temperature probe placed in the middle of the liquid metal layer. The noncoplanar arrangement of the thermocouples enables the evaluation of the time-dependent temperature gradient vector that allows us to estimate the local isotropy properties of the time-dependent flow. From the damping effect of Joule dissipation, the convective heat transport decreases monotoni.
Statistical Model with Localized Structures Describing the Spatio-Temporal Chaos of Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equation

Statistical properties of the chaos of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation are investigated numerically and theoretically. It is found that the chaos consists of spatially localized structures (pulses) and the distances between adjacent pulses have the distribution which is localized around a single peak through fate mechanism of creation and annihilation of pulses. The energy spectrum is calculated by a statistical model in which the pulses with a fixed shape are lined up in the way that each distance is independent of others. This model reproduces a peak near the wavenumber \(k=1/\sqrt{2}\) as well as the flat part near k =0 in the energy spectrum. The linear dependence of the amount of chaos on the system parameter is discussed with this model.
A Multidimensional Finite Mixture Structural Equation Model for Nonignorable Missing Responses to Test Items

We propose a structural equation model, which reduces to a multidimensional latent class item response theory model, for the analysis of binary item responses with nonignorable missingness. The missingness mechanism is driven by 2 sets of latent variables: one describing the propensity to respond and the other referred to the abilities measured by the test items. These latent variables are assumed to have a discrete distribution, so as to reduce the number of parametric assumptions regarding the latent structure of the model. Individual covariates can also be included through a multinomial logistic parameterization for the distribution of the latent variables. Given the discrete nature of this distribution, the proposed model is efficiently estimated by the expectation–maximization algorithm. A simulation study is performed to evaluate the finite-sample properties of the parameter estimates. Moreover, an application is illustrated with data coming from a student entry test for the admission to some university courses.
Coupled-Physics Modeling of Electrostatic Fluid Accelerators for Forced Convection Cooling

Classic thermal management solutions are becoming inadequate and there is an increasing need for fundamentally new approaches. Electrohydrodynamic ionic wind pumps, also known as electrostatic fluid accelerators (EFA), have the potential for becoming a critical element in electronics thermal management solutions. As the EFA field continues to evolve, developing new EFA-based technologies will require accurate models that can help predict pump performance metrics, such as air velocity profile, back pressure, and cooling efficiency. Many previous modeling efforts only account for electrostatic interactions. For truly accurate modeling, however, it is important to include effects of fluid dynamics and space charge diffusion. The modeling problem becomes especially challenging for the design and optimization of EFA devices with greater complexity and smaller dimensions. This paper presents a coupled-physics finite element model (FEM) that accounts for space charge generation from a corona discharge, as well as space charge diffusion and fluid dynamic effects in EFAs. A cantilever EFA structure is modeled and analyzed for forced convection cooling. Numerical modeling predicts maximum air velocities of approximately 7 m/s and a maximum convection heat transfer coefficient of 282 W/(m 2 K) for the cantilever EFA structure investigated. Preliminary experimental results for a microfabriacted cantilever EFA device for forced convection cooling are also discussed.
Case Report Outbreak of Winter Coccidiosis in calves from Northwestern Argentina

Coccidiosis is an intestinal infection caused by protozoans of the genus Eimeria. When the disease occurs in winter, it is known as winter coccidiosis. In July 2021, two calves were referred to INTA-Salta SDVE to determine the cause of death. These animals belonged to a herd that had shown clinical signs, such as bloody diarrhea, poor condition and death. Subsequently, a visit was made to the establishment in which fecal samples were taken on the farm for parasitological studies and a necropsy was performed to another dead animal from the same rodeo. In addition, meteorological data (Tmax, Tmin and Tmed) were collected in the period prior to the death of the animals and at the time of the outbreak. The three necropsied calves showed thickening of the cecum mucosa, colon and rectum, with presence of ulcerations in the cecum mucosa and fibrin clots. Average OPG values were 986.6 (±1693.06), ranging between 0 and 5040 OPG and the most prevalent species was Eimeria zuernii. On the other hand, it was observed that the deaths were related to the moment in which the temperatures decreased. Based on the results of the studies, we conclude that the diagnosis is winter coccidiosis.
STATISTICAL ERROR DUE TO FINITE TIME AVERAGING IN COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS.

Abstract : In using a computer experiment to calculate the time correlation function of some dynamical variable, the ensemble average over an equilibrium distribution in phase space often is replaced by a time average over a finite interval T. It is shown here that the statistical uncertainty due to this kind of average is of the order of 1/the square root of T. The coefficient of the square root is related to a characteristic relaxation time of the correlation function. If only time averaging is performed, the resulting statistical uncertainty in typical computer experiments may be of the order of twenty percent. (Author)
ON THE DIOPHANTINE EQUATION z2=f(x)2±f(y)2, II

Abstract Let f∈ℚ[X] and let us consider a Diophantine equation z2=f(x)2±f(y)2. In this paper, we continue the study of the existence of integer solutions of the equation, when the degree of f is 2 and if f(x) is a triangular number or a tetrahedral number.
An eigenvalue problem for the biharmonic operator on ℤ2‐symmetric regions

In this work we show that the eigenvalues of the Dirichlet problem for the biharmonic operator are generically simple in the set of ℤ2‐symmetric regions of ℝn, n⩾2, with a suitable topology. To accomplish this, we combine Baire's lemma, a generalised version of the transversality theorem, due to Henry [Perturbation of the boundary in boundary value problems of PDEs, London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series 318 (Cambridge University Press, 2005)], and the method of rapidly oscillating functions developed in [A. L. Pereira and M. C. Pereira, Mat. Contemp. 27 (2004) 225–241].
Low renin hypertension – an endocrine perspective

Approximately 30% of hypertensive patients have low renin concentrations. Measurement of renin and aldosterone is the key to diagnosing low-renin hypertension and confirming the phenotype. It occurs because of inher-ited genetic syndromes, acquired somatic mutations and endogenous and exogenous factors. Therapy depends on the subtype of low-renin hypertension. Primary aldosteronism is the leading cause of secondary hypertension worldwide and is the main form of low-renin hypertension. Its harmful effects outstrip those due to blood pressure elevation alone. Surgical intervention may sometimes result in a complete cure, obviating the need for life-long antihypertensive treatment. This review will discuss the main factors responsible for an accurate differential diagnosis of low-renin hypertension.
The Luminosity Function of Nearby Galaxy Clusters. I. A Catalog of Galaxies Within the Central 0.83 Square Degrees of the Centaurus Cluster

We present a catalog of all galaxies with V ≤ 22.0 and Riso > 3′′ within a 0.83 deg2 region centered on the Centaurus Cluster (Abell 3526) at α = 12h48m, δ = -41°18′. V-band total magnitudes along with other photometric parameters were obtained from the detection programs FOCAS and SExtractor and also from fitting curve-of-growth Sérsic functions to the galaxy profiles. Central surface brightnesses, half-light radii, ellipticity, and position angles are presented, along with (B - V) aperture colors where B-band data were obtained. This work is part of a larger program to study the cluster-to-cluster variation in the faint end of the LF based on the study of eight clusters, including Centaurus. We discuss our data reduction methods in this paper. More detailed analyses and science results will be presented in subsequent papers.
Diagonalization of Bounded Linear Operators on Separable Quaternionic Hilbert Space

By using the representation of its complex-conjugate pairs, we have investigated the diagonalization of a bounded linear operator on separable infinite-dimensional right quaternionic Hilbert space. The sufficient condition for diagonalizability of quaternionic operators is derived. The result is applied to anti-Hermitian operators, which is essential for solving Schrodinger equation in quaternionic quantum mechanics.
Testing heteroscedasticity in partially linear models with missing covariates

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the underlying heteroscedasticity in a partially linear model with missing covariates by using the empirical likelihood method. Two new test statistics are proposed based on the inverse probability-weighted idea. Under the null hypothesis, the resulting test statistics are shown to have standard chi-squared distributions asymptotically. Simulation studies show that the proposed statistics behave well. An example of an AIDS clinical trial data set is also used for illustrating our methods.
Using Bayesian Networks for Cognitive Assessment of Student Understanding of Buoyancy: A Granular Hierarchy Model

ABSTRACT Cognitive diagnostic assessment based on Bayesian networks (BN) is developed in this paper to evaluate student understanding of the physical concept of buoyancy. we propose a three-order granular-hierarchy BN model which accounts for both fine-grained attributes and high-level proficiencies. Conditional independence in the BN structure is tested and utilized to validate the proposed model. The proficiency relationships are verified and the initial Q-matrix is refined. Then, an optimized granular hierarchy model is constructed based on the updated Q-matrix. All variants of the constructed models are evaluated on the basis of the prediction accuracy and the goodness-of-fit test. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimized granular-hierarchy model has the best prediction and model-fitting performance. In general, the BN method not only can provide more flexible modeling approach, but also can help validate or refine the proficiency model and the Q-matrix and this method has its unique advantage in cognitive diagnosis.
Direct numerical simulation of vector-controlled free jets

We conduct DNS (direct numerical simulation) of vector controlled free jets. The inflow velocity of jet is periodically oscillated perpendicular to the jet axis. In order to realize the high accurate computation, a discretization in space is performed with hybrid scheme in which Fourier spectral and 6th order compact scheme are adopted. From visualized instantaneous vortex structures, it is found that the flow pattern considerably changes according to the oscillating frequency, i.e., according to the increasing the frequency, wave, bifurcating and flapping modes appear in turn. In order to quantify mixing efficiency under the vector control, as the mixing measure, statistical entropy is investigated. Compared to the uncontrolled jet, the mixing efficiency is improved in order of wavy, flapping and bifurcating modes. Thus the vector control can be expected for the improvement of mixing efficiency. Further to make clear the reason for the mixing enhancement, Snapshot POD and DMD method are applied. The primary flow structures under the vector control are demonstrated.
Factors associated with the completion of antenatal care in Indonesia: A cross-sectional data analysis based on the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey

Background The global incidence of maternal mortality remains high, including in Indonesia, and the utilization of antenatal care services can help reduce these rates. Despite numerous studies examining factors affecting antenatal care utilization, there has been limited focus on identifying factors related to the completion of these services. Objective This study aimed to analyze factors associated with the completion of antenatal care in Indonesia. Methods The study used a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from the Basic Health Research conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of Health in March 2018. The sample consisted of 65,929 pregnant women aged 15 to 49. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results The majority of respondents (75.2%) completed antenatal care. Factors significantly correlated with antenatal care completion were education level, occupation status, health insurance ownership, place of antenatal care services, travel time to health facilities, area of residence, history of pregnancy, parity, desired pregnancy, and pregnancy complications (p <0.05). The multiple logistic regression test showed that education level was the most dominant factor associated with antenatal care completion (p <0.001, OR = 2.023, 95% CI = 1.839-2.225). Conclusion Completion of antenatal care is influenced by various factors, including education, job status, health insurance ownership, antenatal care services’ location, travel time to health facilities, residence area, previous pregnancy history, number of children, desired pregnancy, and pregnancy complications. However, education is crucial in determining a mother’s understanding and approach toward using these services. The Indonesian government should enhance public education and awareness initiatives to increase utilization. Healthcare professionals, particularly nurses and midwives, play a vital role in educating pregnant women about the significance of utilizing prenatal care services consistently and facilitating their access to these services efficiently.
Accuracy of Total Hip Arthroplasty Templating Using Set Calibration Magnifications

Background Templating for total hip arthroplasty has been adopted over recent decades as a reliable and accurate method for pre-operative planning. The use of calibration markers for this process provides a recognised benefit at the expense of cost, availability and error. Many surgeons use a set magnification of 118% to account for calibration errors when templating total hip arthroplasty. This study aims to assess the accuracy of templating with standardised magnifications and assess the effect of BMI on templating accuracy. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis was performed using a single-surgeon series of 119 consecutive total hip arthroplasties. Anteroposterior radiographs were taken pre- or post-operatively without calibration hardware. Pre-operatively, the total hip arthroplasty was templated on TraumaCad (BrainLab Inc, Westchester, IL) using either 118% or 119% calibration magnification. Post-operative magnification was calibrated using the known femoral head diameter. Templated and implanted prostheses were compared for size. Results At 118%, 61.1% of cups matched those templated with 96.3% of cups within two sizes. At 119%, 52.5% of cups used matched their templates with 100% within two sizes. There was no significant difference between 118% and 119% cup size prediction (p=0.49). A trend was noticed in increasing magnification error with increasing BMI. However, BMI had no significant effect on the accuracy of templating cup size within two cup sizes (p=0.58). Conclusion. Templating acetabular cups using a set magnification of 118% or 119% yields accurate results and provides a reliable method to template without calibration equipment. Whilst BMI can affect magnification error, this has no significant effect on the accuracy of implanted cups and stems within two sizes.