Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Milky Way bar/bulge in proper motions: a 3D view from VIRAC and Gaia

We have derived absolute proper motions of the entire Galactic bulge region from VVV Infrared Astrometric Catalogue (VIRAC) and Gaia. We present these both as integrated on-sky maps and, after isolating standard candle red clump (RC) stars, as a function of distance using RC magnitude as a proxy. These data provide a new global, 3D view of the Milky Way barred bulge kinematics. We find a gradient in the mean longitudinal proper motion, $\langle \mu _ l^\star \rangle $, between the different sides of the bar, which is sensitive to the bar pattern speed. The split RC has distinct proper motions and is colder than other stars at similar distance. The proper motion correlation map has a quadrupole pattern in all magnitude slices showing no evidence for a separate, more axisymmetric inner bulge component. The line-of-sight integrated kinematic maps show a high central velocity dispersion surrounded by a more asymmetric dispersion profile. $\sigma _{\mu _l} / \sigma _{\mu _b}$ is smallest, ≈1.1, near the minor axis and reaches ≈1.4 near the disc plane. The integrated $\langle \mu_b\rangle$ pattern signals a superposition of bar rotation and internal streaming motion, with the near part shrinking in latitude and the far part expanding. To understand and interpret these remarkable data, we compare to a made-to-measure barred dynamical model, folding in the VIRAC selection function to construct mock maps. We find that our model of the barred bulge, with a pattern speed of 37.5 $\mathrm{ \mathrm{ km \, s^{-1}} \, kpc^{-1} }$, is able to reproduce all observed features impressively well. Dynamical models like this will be key to unlocking the full potential of these data.
Routing and wavelength assignment versus wavelength converters placement in all-optical networks

Blocking has been the key performance index in the design of an all-optical network. Existing research demonstrates that an effective routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) strategy and a proper wavelength converter placement algorithm are the two primary vehicles for improving the blocking performance. However, these two issues have largely been investigated separately in that the existing RWA algorithms have seldom considered the presence of wavelength conversion, while the wavelength converter placement algorithms have largely assumed that a static routing and random wavelength assignment algorithm is employed. In this paper we present some strong evidences that these two issues need to be considered jointly, and call for the re-examination of both RWA and wavelength converter placement. This article is divided into two parts. First we demonstrate that the conventional RWA algorithms do not work well in the presence of wavelength conversion since they usually only take into consideration the distribution of available wavelengths, and do not explicitly consider the lengths of routes. Through extensive simulation over a variety of topologies, we demonstrate that a weighted least-congestion routing and first-fit wavelength assignment (WLCR-FF) RWA algorithm can achieve much better blocking performance than static routing, fixed-alternate routing, or least-loaded routing algorithms in the environment of sparse or full wavelength conversion. Secondly, using simulation we show that a heuristic-based converter placement algorithm called Weighted Maximum Segment Length (WMSL) algorithm proposed for a simple dynamic RWA (i.e., the least-loaded routing algorithm) under sparse wavelength conversion, not only outperforms existing wavelength converter placement algorithms by a large margin, but also can achieve almost the same performance as that of full wavelength conversion using the same RWA algorithm.
Faint Infrared Extragalactic Survey: Data and Source Catalog of the MS 1054−03 Field

We present deep near-infrared Js-, H-, and Ks-band imaging of a field around MS 1054-03, a massive cluster at z = 0.83. The observations were carried out with the ISAAC instrument at the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) as part of the Faint Infrared Extragalactic Survey (FIRES). The total integration time amounts to 25.9 hr in Js, 24.4 hr in H, and 26.5 hr in Ks, divided nearly equally between four pointings covering 5. ′5 × 5. ′3. The 3 σ total limiting AB magnitudes for point sources from the shallowest to the deepest pointing are J = 26.0-26.2, H = 25.5-25.8, and K = 25.3-25.7 mag. The effective spatial resolution of the co-added images has FWHM = 0. ″48, 0. ″46, and 0. ″52 in Js, H, and Ks, respectively. We complemented the ISAAC data with deep optical imaging using existing Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 mosaics through the F606W and F814W filters and additional U-, B-, and V-band observations we obtained with the VLT FORS1 instrument. We constructed a Ks-band-limited multicolor source catalog down to K ≈ 25 mag (≈5 σ for point sources). The catalog contains 1858 objects, of which 1663 have eight-band photometry. We describe the observations, data reduction, source detection, and photometric measurements method. We also present the number counts, color distributions, and photometric redshifts zph of the catalog sources. We find that our Ks-band counts at the faint end 22 ≲ Ks,AB ≲ 25, with slope d log N/dm = 0.20, lie at the flatter end of published counts in other deep fields and are consistent with those we derived previously in the Hubble Deep Field-South (HDF-S), the other FIRES field. Spectroscopic redshifts zsp are available for ≈330 sources in the MS 1054-03 field; comparison between zph and zsp shows very good agreement, with ⟨|zsp - zph|/(1 + zsp)⟩ = 0.078. The MS 1054-03 field observations complement our HDF-S data set with a nearly 5 times larger area at ≈0.7 mag brighter limits, providing more robust statistics for the slightly brighter source populations.
A study of the low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in the X-ray light curves of the black hole candidate XTE J1859+226

We present the results of an extensive timing analysis of the 1999 outburst of the soft X-ray transient and black hole candidate XTE J1859+226 as observed with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer . Three main different types of low frequency (1-9 Hz) quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) were observed and classified, strengthening the general picture that is emerging for the variability properties of black hole X-ray binaires. Rapid transitions between different power spectral shapes were observed and their link with the count rate was studied. Furthermore, we show that a frequency of ~6 Hz seems to hold a particular place: one of the three QPO types we found was very stable when at this frequency, as it happens in Z sources as well. The coherence of its subharmonic peak was higher when the fundamental was close to 6 Hz, thus suggesting the presence of some resonance at this frequency.
Pion interactions in the X 3872

We consider pion interactions in an effective field theory of the narrow resonance X(3872), assuming it is a weakly bound molecule of the charm mesons D{sup 0}D*{sup 0} and D*{sup 0}D{sup 0}. Since the hyperfine splitting of the D{sup 0} and D*{sup 0} is only 7 MeV greater than the neutral pion mass, pions can be produced near threshold and are nonrelativistic. We show that pion exchange can be treated in perturbation theory and calculate the next-to-leading-order correction to the partial decay width {gamma}[X{yields}D{sup 0}D{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}].
Stability of foliations of $3$-manifolds by circles

Let $Fo1_{q}(M)$ denote the set of codimension $qC^{\infty}$-foliations of a closed 771manifold M. $Fo1_{q}(M)$ carries a natural weak $C^{r}$-topology $(0\leqq r\leqq\infty)$ , which is described in [5]. We denote this space by $Fo1_{Q}^{r}(M)$ . We say a foliation $F$ is $C^{r}$-stable if there exists a neighborhood $V$ of $F$ in $Fo1_{Q}^{r}(M)$ such that every foliation in $V$ has a compact leaf. We say $F$ is $C^{r}$-unstable if not. We simply say $F$ is (un-)stable if $F$ is $C^{1_{-}}(un-)stable$ . It seems to be of interest to determine if $F$ is $C^{r}$-stable or not. Let $L$ be a compact leaf of $F$. Thurston [13] and Langevin-Rosenberg [6] showed, generalizing the Reeb stability theorem [9] that if $H^{1}(L;R)=0$, then
Deformations of anti-de Sitter black holes

This PhD thesis mainly deals with deformations of locally anti-de Sitter black holes, focusing in particular on BTZ black holes. We first study the generic rotating and (extended) non-rotating BTZ black holes within a pseudo-Riemannian symmetric spaces framework, emphasize on the role played by solvable subgroups of SL(2,R) in the black hole structure and derive their global geometry in a group-theoretical way. We analyse how these observations are transposed in the case of higher-dimensional locally AdS black holes. We then show that there exists, in SL(2,R), a family of twisted conjugacy classes which give rise to winding symmetric WZW D1-branes in a BTZ black hole background. The term "deformation" is then considered in two distinct ways. On the one hand, we deform the algebra of functions on the branes in the sense of (strict) deformation quantization, giving rise to a "noncommutative black hole". In the same context, we investigate the question of invariant deformations of the hyperbolic plane and present explicit formulae. On the other hand, we explore the moduli space of the (orbifolded) SL(2,R) WZW model by studying its marginal deformations, yielding namely a new class of exact black string solutions in string theory. These deformations also allow us to relate the D1-branes in BTZ black holes to D0-branes in the 2D black hole. A fair proportion of this thesis consists of (hopefully) pedagogical short introductions to various subjects: deformation quantization, string theory, WZW models, symmetric spaces, symplectic and Poisson geometry.
Arguments and evidence for a node-containing anisotropic s-wave gap form in the cuprate superconductors

Although not widely recognized, there is much evidence suggesting that the superconducting cuprates have an anisotropic s-wave type of gap form, a form which is usually so highly anisotropic that it contains gap nodes andregions of opposite sign This evidence is presented and reviewed. This evidence motivates a search for s-wave explanations of the many experiments which seem to require the d-wave gap form. s- wave explanations are presented here for three of the phase-sensitive Josephson tunnelling experiments, experiments which are widely regarded as some of the most convincing evidence for the x 2 -y 2 d-wave gap form. A key feature in all of these explanations is orthorhombicity. Although the evidence and reinterpretations of phase-sensitive experiments clearly improve the credibility of the anisotropic-s gap form, some important issues are still unsettled and the question of the gap form remains open. An experimental test is proposed.
High-quality planar high-Tc Josephson junctions

Reproducible high-Tc Josephson junctions have been made in a rather simple two-step process using ion irradiation. A microbridge (1 to 5μm wide) is firstly designed by ion irradiating a c-axis-oriented YBa2Cu3O7−δ film through a gold mask such as the nonprotected part becomes insulating. A lower Tc part is then defined within the bridge by irradiating with a much lower fluence through a narrow slit (20 nm) opened in a standard electronic photoresist. These planar junctions, whose settings can be finely tuned, exhibit reproducible and nearly ideal Josephson characteristics. This process can be used to produce complex Josephson circuits.
UBR charge-coupled device photometry of Stromlo-APM galaxies

We present charge-coupled device (CCD) photometry in the Johnson-Kron-Cousins UBR bands for a sample of 320 galaxies selected from the Stromlo-APM Redshift Survey. We use these CCD data to estimate the galaxy luminosity function in the U, B, R and b J bands, finding consistent results with earlier work. Fainter galaxies serendipitously observed on our CCD frames allow a check of the photometric calibration of the APM Galaxy Survey. We find no evidence of any significant scale error in the APM magnitudes.
Is extensivity a fundamental property of entropy?

The role of linearity in the definition of entropy is examined. While discussions of entropy often treat extensivity as one of its fundamental properties, the extensivity of entropy is not axiomatic in thermodynamics. It is shown that systems in which entropy is an extensive quantity are systems in which a entropy obeys a generalized principle of linear superposition.
TRESK (K2P18.1) Background Potassium Channel Is Activated by Novel-Type Protein Kinase C via Dephosphorylation

TRESK (K2P18.1) background K+ channel is a major determinant of the excitability of primary sensory neurons. It has been reported that human TRESK is activated by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) in Xenopus oocytes. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of this PKC-dependent TRESK regulation. We show that TRESK is activated by coexpression of the novel-type PKC isoforms η and ε. The effect of PKC is not mediated by calcineurin phosphatase, which is known to evoke the calcium-dependent TRESK activation. Mutations of the calcineurin-binding sites in the channel (PQAAAS-AQAP) did not influence the PMA-induced increase of potassium current. In sharp contrast, the mutations of the target residue of calcineurin in TRESK, S264A, and S264E prevented the effect of PMA. The enforced phosphorylation of S264 by coexpression of a microtubule-affinity regulating kinase construct (MARK2Δ) also abolished the PKC-dependent TRESK activation. These results suggest that, in addition to calcineurin, PKC regulates TRESK by changing the phosphorylation status of S264. Coexpression of PKC slowed recovery of the K+ current to the resting state after the calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation of TRESK. Therefore, the likely mechanism of action is the PKC-dependent inhibition of the kinase responsible for the (re)phosphorylation of the channel at S264. The PKC-dependent dephosphorylation of TRESK protein was also detected by the Phos-tag SDS-PAGE method. In summary, the activation of novel-type PKC results in the slow (indirect) dephosphorylation of TRESK at the regulatory residue S264 in a calcineurin-independent manner.
Radiative Width of the a2 Meson

We present data on coherent production of the pi-pi-pi+ system by 600 GeV pion beam for the C, Cu and Pb targets. The Primakoff formalism was used for extracting the radiatve width of the a2 meson. We obtain a preliminary value \Gamma(a2->pi+gamma)=225+/-25(stat)+/-45(syst) keV.
Unusual compressibility in the negative-thermal-expansion material ZrW$_{2}$O$_{8}$

material ZrW2O8 C. Pantea, A. Migliori, P. B. Littlewood, Y. Zhao, H. Ledbetter, T. Kimura, J. Van Duijn, G. R. Kowach National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Pulsed Field Facility, LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OHE, UK. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL. LANSCE Division, LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. Condensed Matter & Thermal Physics, LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. Lucent Technologies/Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA.
Effect of viscous loss on mechanical resonators designed for mass detection

Simple models are presented for estimating viscous damping of fluid (gas or liquid) loaded mechanical resonators. The models apply to beams in flexural modes of vibration, and to thin beams and plates in longitudinal modes of vibration. Predictions of the associated quality factor are compared with measured values for several macroscale and microscale resonators. The scaling of viscous loss with oscillator size is discussed. The minimum detectable mass is estimated for several oscillator designs and it is shown that, for comparably sized devices, longitudinal resonators have the lowest threshold of detection. This minimum detectable mass is proportional to scale to the power 1.75 for all resonator architectures limited by viscous damping, and it is shown that the viscous loss is 220 times larger in water than in air.
The one-dimensional Kondo lattice model studied by the density matrix renormalization group method

We have found an error in the calculation of imaginary-time one-particle Green's functions G() by the finite-temperature density-matrix renormalization-group (finite-T DMRG) method. The problem is concerned with the counting of the Fermionic sign; the two-particle correlation functions were calculated correctly. Although the main conclusions do not change, the one-particle Green's functions G() shown in figure 18 and the density of states shown in figures 19 and 20 should be replaced by these given here. The gap edge of the spectrum at the lowest temperature is not modified. The spectra have intensities in the region ||3, which is reduced considerably from the original results. However, the spectral weight extends beyond the original band width and the reason for that remains the same: the exchange interaction between the conduction electrons and the f spins. The important conclusion about the temperature dependence of the spectrum also remains the case. With increasing temperature, the low-frequency structure varies drastically at much lower temperature than qp = 0.7t, and the gap structure disappears at T0.3t. Figure 18. Imaginary-time correlation functions, G(), of the half-filled one-dimensional Kondo lattice model; J/t = 1.6. The Trotter number M = 80 for T/t = 0.1 and 50 for T/t = 0.2,0.3,0.4. The inset shows the results for different numbers of states, m, retained in the DMRG calculations. The truncation errors in the DMRG calculations are 3 × 10-3 for m = 26 and 8 × 10-4 for m = 50 at T/t = 0.2. Figure 19. The quasiparticle density of states, (), obtained from G() by using the Pade approximants and the maximum-entropy method (MEM); J/t = 1.6. Figure 20. The quasiparticle density of states, (), of the half-filled one-dimensional Kondo lattice model; J/t = 1.6. The number of states, m, retained in the DMRG calculations is 50.
Post-Newtonian parameters and constraints on Einstein-aether theory

We analyze the observational and theoretical constraints on ''Einstein-aether theory,'' a generally covariant theory of gravity coupled to a dynamical, unit, timelike vector field that breaks local Lorentz symmetry. The results of a computation of the remaining post-Newtonian parameters are reported. These are combined with other results to determine the joint post-Newtonian, vacuum-Cerenkov, nucleosynthesis, stability, and positive-energy constraints. All of these constraints are satisfied by parameters in a large two-dimensional region in the four-dimensional parameter space defining the theory.
Well-Posedness and Asymptotics for Initial Boundary Value Problems of Linear Relaxation Systems in One Space Variable

In this paper we study the well-posedness and relaxation limit for the initial boundary value problem of a general linear hyperbolic system with a relaxation term in one space variable. We mainly consider the asymptotic convergence and the boundary layer behavior under the sub-characteristic condition and the stiff Kreiss condition when the relaxation rate goes to zero, which generalizes the results of Xin and Xu in [J. Diff. Eqs. 167 (2000), 388 437] for homogeneous problems to the non-homogeneous case.
Implications of a DK Molecule at 2.32 GeV

We discuss the implications of a possible quasinuclear DK bound state at 2.32 GeV. Evidence for such a state was recently reported in D + s π o by the B A B AR Collaboration. We ﬁrst note that a conventional quark model c ¯ s assignment is implausible, and then consider other options involving multiquark systems. An I=0 c ¯ sn ¯ n baryonium assignment is one possibility. We instead favor a DK meson molecule assignment, which can account for the mass and quantum numbers of this state. The higher-mass scalar c ¯ s state expected at 2.48 GeV is predicted to have a very large DK coupling, which would encourage formation of an I=0 DK molecule. Isospin mixing is expected in hadron molecules, and a dominantly I=0 DK state with some I=1 admixture could explain both the narrow total width of the 2.32 GeV state as well as the observed decay to D + s π o . Additional measurements that can be used to test this and related scenarios are discussed.
Interlayer exchange coupling and giant magnetoresistance in Fe/V (001) superlattices

Magnetization and magnetoresistivity studies of Fe/V (001) superlattices are reported. The first giant magnetoresistance peak with respect to the vanadium and iron layer thicknesses is investigated. The interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling strength is found to show a peak at a vanadium layer thickness of 13 atomic monolayers $(\ensuremath{\approx}20 \mathrm{\AA{}})$ with a full width at half maximum of about 2 monolayers. The antiferromagnetic coupling shows a maximum at an iron layer thickness of about 6 monolayers $(\ensuremath{\approx}9 \mathrm{\AA{}})$ for series of superlattices with vanadium thicknesses around 13 monolayers. The magnitude of the giant magnetoresistance shows a similar variation as the antiferromagnetic coupling strength.
SULFUR IX TO XIII SPECTRAL MEASURMENTS BETWEEN 170 AND 500 Å

This paper reports laboratory measurements of the spectrum of highly ionized sulfur. The spectrum of S ix–S xiii has been observed in the wavelength range 170–500 Å. A total of 54 lines have been measured. Forty-two of them have been classified as 2s22pk–2s2pk+1 and 2s2pk–2pk+1 transitions. Twelve other lines have been ascribed to 2s–2p, 4p–5s, 5p–6s, 5d–6p, and 6p–8d transitions. These spectral lines have been identified, among which 22 are new and accurately measured. The analysis of the spectra was based on a comparison with other experimental results and calculated values.
Systematic trends in the electronic structure parameters of the4dtransition-metal oxidesSrMO3(M=Zr,Mo, Ru, and Rh)

We investigated the electronic structures of the perovskite-type 4d transition-metal oxides SrMO 3 (M =Zr, Mo, Ru, and Rh) using their optical conductivity spectra σ(ω). The interband transitions in σ(ω) are assigned, andsome important electronic structure parameters, such as charge-transfer energy Δ p d , and crystal-field splitting 10Dq, are estimated. It is observed that Δ p d and 10D q decrease systematically with increasing the atomic number of the 4d transition metal. Compared with the case of 3d oxides, the magnitudes of Δ p d and 10Dq are larger. These behaviors can be explained by the more extended nature of the orbitals in the 4d oxides.
Ab initio calculations of the atomic and electronic structures for ABO 3 perovskite (001) surfaces

We present the results of first-principles calculations on two possible terminations of the (001) surfaces of SrTiO3 (STO), BaTiO3 (BTO), and PbTiO3 (PTO) perovskite crystals. Atomic structure and the electronic configurations were calculated for different 2D slabs, both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric, using hybrid (B3PW) exchange-correlation technique and reoptimized basis sets of atomic (Gaussian) orbitals. Results are compared with previous calculations and available experimental data. The electronic density distribution near the surface and covalency effects are discussed in details for all three perovskites.