Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of body mass index and sociodemographic factors on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviors of women with young children: A cross-sectional examination

Objectives: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity provides multiple benefits to women after childbirth. To achieve these benefits, the recommendation that adults obtain, 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week and reduce sedentary behaviors, also applies to women in the post-partum phase of the life span. However, research examining the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviors of women with young children (0–2 years) is limited. A greater understanding of these behaviors from a nationally representative sample is needed. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to determine the levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviors of a nationally representative sample of women with young children within the United States. A secondary objective was to examine the influence of body mass index and sociodemographic factors on these behaviors. Methods: Cross-sectional data from four cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012, and 2013–2014) were used for analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and a generalized linear model was used to investigate associations between mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary activity, body mass index, and sociodemographic variables. Discussion: Women with young children (n = 477) obtained 634 min in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week and this was positively associated with having a higher income (p < 0.001) and the number of children in the home (p < 0.001). In total, 62% of women were meeting the World Health Organization guidelines for aerobic activity. Lower odds of achieving guidelines was associated with being Black (p = 0.004), Mexican American (p = 0.009), or married (p = 0.042) compared with being White or not married. Finally, women accumulated ~5 h of sedentary activity per day, with higher levels associated with race (p = 0.005), education (p = 0.022), and number of children within the home (p < 0.001). Research efforts should continue to focus on strategies to help non-adhering women with young children achieve the physical activity recommendations and reduce time spent in sedentary behaviors.
Humanoid Robots as Teaching Assistants in an Arab School

The proliferation of educational robots has led to an investigation of suitable roles that humanoids robots can take in the classroom. In the recent past, the focus has been on humanoids being used in student focused roles or as peer learners. Coupled with the seemingly absence of any case studies of educational robots in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) or the Arab world, we present a study where we employed the Nao robot as a teaching assistant in a local primary school in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The Nao robot was used to revise a topic in Mathematics and its efficacy in comparison to a human teaching assistant was measured through pre and post test scores, facial expressions and indirect verbal responses. Our results showed that while there no significant differences in test scores, the children were much more engaged when interacting with the Nao robot. We conclude with a positive outlook towards the implementation of humanoid robots in UAE classrooms.
Entrepreneurial Spillovers from Corporate R & D March , 2018

How does corporate innovation investment affect employee departures to entrepreneurship? Research and development (R&D) spending may decrease spawning if it increases firm’s growth options or makes it a more interesting workplace. Conversely, R&D may increase spawning if it generates new ideas that employees can appropriate, or if it makes employees more entrepreneurial. Using U.S. employer-employee matched Census data, we show that R&D investment increases spawning. We identify the causal effect of R&D with changes in federal and state tax incentives. The effect is driven by high-tech parents and by departures to high-growth and VC-backed entrepreneurship. Intellectual rather than human capital seems to explain the spawning (i.e., new ideas rather than skills). The effect does not impose observable costs on the parent, leading us to conclude that entrepreneurial spawning is a source of knowledge spillovers from corporate R&D. s ss ss ss s ∗Columbia GSB, NYU Stern. Emails: tania.babina@gsb.columbia. edu; sabrina.howell@nyu.edu. We are grateful to Manuel Adelino, Bronwyn Hall, Nick Bloom, Alon Brav, Wes Cohen, Song Ma, and Brian Lucking.
Measurement of maternal mortality

Context: Accurate measurement of maternal mortality is an imperative for policy and planning on maternal health care. Objective: The objective of this review is to focus attention on the various methods of measuring maternal mortality, advantages, and drawbacks. Source of materials for this article are from learned journals and reports on the subject. Conclusion: The measurement of maternal mortality poses unique challenges in resource-poor settings in developing countries. In these settings, though various methods may be employed, a census, cumbersome as it may be, offers the best possible source of data.
The Chemical Composition , Antioxidant and Anti ‐ Tyrosinase Activities , and Irritation Properties of Sripanya Punica granatum

This is the first study to investigate the effect of ethanol concentrations on the phenolic content and biological activities of Sripanya Punica granatum peel extract. Various concentrations of ethanol, (20 to 80% v/v), were used in the maceration process. Extracts were investigated for total phenolic content by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, antioxidant activities by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐ picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, and anti‐tyrosinase activity by a spectrophotometric method. The chemical composition was investigated using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The irritation of the extracts was determined by Hen’s egg test–chorioallantoic membrane assay. The results demonstrated that E60, which was extracted using 60% v/v ethanol, had the highest yield (66.23 ± 0.38% w/w), the highest total phenolic content (490.42 ± 7.20 μg GAE/g), and the highest antioxidant and anti‐tyrosinase activities. IC50 values on DPPH and ABTS+ inhibition were 10.97 ± 0.97 and 6.48 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. The 60% v/v ethanol extract (E60) possessed strong tyrosinase inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.10 ± 0.13 μg/mL, which is more potent than kojic acid. The major constituents were punicalagin (4.05 ± 0.26% w/w) and ellagic acid (0.63 ± 0.04% w/w). E60 was safe for topical application since it did not induce irritation. Therefore, we suggest that E60 is a promising agent for further product development.
Constraints to Increasing Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria

of the nation’s work force. Over the past two decades, agricultural yields have stayed the same or declined. Although there has been a recent rise in agricultural productivity, it is derived more from expanded planting areas for staple crops than from yield increases. Increasing and sustaining agricultural productivity should be a critical component of programs that seek to reduce poverty and attain food security in Nigeria.
Host-Microbe-Pathogen Interactions: A Review of Vibrio cholerae Pathogenesis in Drosophila

Most animals maintain mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships with their intestinal microbiota. Resident microbes in the gastrointestinal tract breakdown indigestible food, provide essential nutrients, and, act as a barrier against invading microbes, such as the enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Over the last decades, our knowledge of V. cholerae pathogenesis, colonization, and transmission has increased tremendously. A number of animal models have been used to study how V. cholerae interacts with host-derived resources to support gastrointestinal colonization. Here, we review studies on host-microbe interactions and how infection with V. cholerae disrupts these interactions, with a focus on contributions from the Drosophila melanogaster model. We will discuss studies that highlight the connections between symbiont, host, and V. cholerae metabolism; crosstalk between V. cholerae and host microbes; and the impact of the host immune system on the lethality of V. cholerae infection. These studies suggest that V. cholerae modulates host immune-metabolic responses in the fly and improves Vibrio fitness through competition with intestinal microbes.
Physical Activity as a New Tool to Evaluate the Response to Omalizumab and Mepolizumab in Severe Asthmatic Patients: A Pilot Study

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, representing one of the most severe pathologies in developed countries. Based on a report of the World Health Organization (WHO), it affects about 300 million people worldwide. Few studies have analyzed the effects of daily life physical activity (PA) levels in patients with asthma: moreover, little research has been carried out on PA levels in patients suffering from severe asthma (SA). This study aimed to investigate the PA levels in two groups of patients suffering from SA; in particular, this study analyzed the changes that occur in patients treated with biologic therapy (BT group) and patients who underwent traditional treatment (TT group) over 6 months. Moreover, this study represents a pilot study because, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first investigation that analyzed if the kind of biologic drug (omalizumab or mepolizumab) can produce differences in the PA levels of SA patients. Fifty SA patients were enrolled and PA parameters were monitored for 6 months. Subjects were divided into two treatment groups: TT (20 patients) and BT (30 patients), the BT group was further subdivided according to the drugs used (15, omalizumab; 15, mepolizumab). During drug treatment, all subjects improved their PA levels: indeed, considering the intragroup variation, the PA levels were significantly higher comparing the T6 levels to baseline (T0, p < 0.01). Considering the intragroup variation, it is very interesting to note that biologic therapy improved PA levels compared to the effects of traditional therapy; while at T0 there were no significant differences in the steps per day (SPD) values between the two groups (T0, p = 0.85), the differences become statistically significant at T1, T3, and T6 (T1, p = 0.019; T3, p = 3.48x10−6; T6, p = 4.78x10−10). As expected, the same differences were reported analyzing the energy expenditure data. In conclusion, this pilot study reports a positive relationship between biologic drug therapy and PA patterns, even if further studies are needed.
Standardised Nomenclature, Abbreviations, and Units for the Study of Bone Marrow Adiposity: Report of the Nomenclature Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society

Research into bone marrow adiposity (BMA) has expanded greatly since the late 1990s, leading to development of new methods for the study of bone marrow adipocytes. Simultaneously, research fields interested in BMA have diversified substantially. This increasing interest is revealing fundamental new knowledge of BMA; however, it has also led to a highly variable nomenclature that makes it difficult to interpret and compare results from different studies. A consensus on BMA nomenclature has therefore become indispensable. This article addresses this critical need for standardised terminology and consistent reporting of parameters related to BMA research. The International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) was formed in 2017 to consolidate the growing scientific community interested in BMA. To address the BMA nomenclature challenge, BMAS members from diverse fields established a working group (WG). Based on their broad expertise, the WG first reviewed the existing, unsystematic nomenclature and identified terms, and concepts requiring further discussion. They thereby identified and defined 8 broad concepts and methods central to BMA research. Notably, these had been described using 519 unique combinations of term, abbreviation and unit, many of which were overlapping or redundant. On this foundation a second consensus was reached, with each term classified as “to use” or “not to use. ” As a result, the WG reached a consensus to craft recommendations for 26 terms related to concepts and methods in BMA research. This was approved by the Scientific Board and Executive Board of BMAS and is the basis for the present recommendations for a formal BMA nomenclature. As an example, several terms or abbreviations have been used to represent “bone marrow adipocytes,” including BMAds, BM-As, and BMAs. The WG decided that BMA should refer to “bone marrow adiposity”; that BM-A is too similar to BMA; and noted that “Ad” has previously been recommended to refer to adipocytes. Thus, it was recommended to use BMAds to represent bone marrow adipocytes. In conclusion, the standard nomenclature proposed in this article should be followed for all communications of results related to BMA. This will allow for better interactions both inside and outside of this emerging scientific community.
Case report.

Rationale:The development of postoperative bronchopleural fistula (BPF) remains a challenge in thoracic surgery.We herein report a case of BPF successfully treated with endoscopic bronchial occlusion under computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy and virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN). Patient concerns: A 63-year-old man underwent right upper lobectomy with concomitant S6a subsegmentectomy for lung adenocarcinoma. On postoperative day 24, he complained of shaking chills with high fever. Diagnoses: BPF with subsequent pneumonia and empyema. Interventions: Despite aggressive surgical interventions for the BPF, air leakage persisted postoperatively. On days 26 and 34 after the final operation, endobronchial occlusions were performed under CT fluoroscopy and VBN. Outcomes: The air leaks greatly decreased and the patient was discharged. Lessons: CT fluoroscopy and VBN can be useful techniques for endobronchial occlusion in the treatment of BPF. Abbreviations: BPF= bronchopleural fistula, CT= computed tomography, NBCA=N-butyl cyanoacrylate, OWT= openwindow thoracostomy, VBN = virtual bronchoscopic navigation.
Challenges and Opportunities towards the Development of Risk Assessment at the Consumer Phase in Developing Countries—The Case of Campylobacter Cross-Contamination during Handling of Raw Chicken in Two Middle Eastern Countries

In many low- and middle-income countries, data limitations are a major challenge facing the development of food safety risk assessment. In the present study, a questionnaire data collection tool was designed with an emphasis on gathering specific data points required by a risk modeller for simulating a scenario of Campylobacter cross-contamination during handling of raw chicken meat at the consumer phase. The tool was tested in practice to support its value and applicability in settings where data limitations are a challenge. The study subjects were 450 consumers in two Middle Eastern settings: Alexandria in Egypt (n = 200) and Thi-Qar in Iraq (n = 250). The majority (78.5%) of respondents in Egypt opted for wet markets/live bird shops as their preferred source of chicken meat. In contrast, 59.6% of Iraqi respondents preferred to buy chicken meat from supermarkets. Added to that, 73.0% of consumers in Egypt and 56.8% of consumers in Iraq viewed the quality of frozen chicken as “inferior” to that of chicken from wet markets. Almost all respondents in both Egypt and Iraq shared the practice of washing chicken in water before cooking. The percentage of consumers who ‘very frequently’ or ‘frequently’ prepare chicken prior to making the salad was 32.5% and 55.2% in Egypt and Iraq, respectively. A sizeable proportion of respondents in Iraq (40.8%) reported that they did not consider washing their hands with soapy water after touching raw chicken and preparing a salad in their home kitchen. Finally, 28.8% and 6.5% of respondents in Iraq and Egypt, respectively, indicated that they would not consider using a separate cutting board to avoid cross-contamination between raw chicken and salad. The data collection tool used in this study was designed in the first instance to match a conceptualised risk assessment framework, and that enabled the simultaneous collection of data points on consumption frequency, serving sizes, purchasing patterns, retail chain diversity and food handling practices. Results from such study design could be used for future development of a quantitative risk assessment model and to support food safety promotion efforts for domestic consumers in two of the most populated Middle Eastern countries.
Tracking Hydronium/Water Stretches in Magic H3O+(H2O)20 Clusters Through High-Level Quantum VSCF/VCI Calculations.

The excess proton embedded in a three-dimensional cage structure of water molecules gives essential insight of its role in water and the water-air interface. Efforts in terms of the structures and vibrational spectroscopy of the magic H3O+(H2O)20 cage-formed cluster have been made both experimentally and theoretically. However, theoretical interpretation of the experimental spectrum still remains challenging and to date with no consideration of the contributions of different isomers. Here we report high-accurate vibrational spectra of H3O+(H2O)20 considering three typical isomers using the fully quantum VSCF/VCI approach. The calculated spectra of these isomers show similar prominent features of the surface hydronium ion in 1000--2400 cm-1 and water in 3000--3700 cm-1 region. Very good agreement with the experimental spectrum is reached for the first time and we provide support of the possibility of coexistence of these three isomers below 10 K. The spectral contributions from different types of water molecules are also analyzed; these can guide future investigation to decode the heavily diffuse band in water OH stretching region.
Evolutionarily unique mechanistic framework of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants

In plants, clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) represents the major route for cargo internalisation from the cell surface. It has been assumed to operate in an evolutionary conserved manner as in yeast and animals. Here we report characterisation of ultrastructure, dynamics and mechanisms of plant CME as allowed by our advancement in electron microscopy and quantitative live imaging techniques. Arabidopsis CME appears to follow the constant curvature model and the bona fide CME population generates vesicles of a predominantly hexagonal-basket type; larger and with faster kinetics than in other models. Contrary to the existing paradigm, actin is dispensable for CME events at the plasma membrane but plays a unique role in collecting endocytic vesicles, sorting of internalised cargos and directional endosome movement that itself actively promote CME events. Internalized vesicles display a strongly delayed and sequential uncoating. These unique features highlight the independent evolution of the plant CME mechanism during the autonomous rise of multicellularity in eukaryotes.
Do Overcrowding and Turnover Cause Violence in Prison?

Violence is common in prison and its individual risk factors are well documented. However, there is a mixed evidence on the relationship between prison violence and institutional factors, such as overcrowding and turnover, and recent research suggested that these factors may not be important or relevant. This study investigated the association between prison violence and institutional factors in a Swiss pre-trial prison between 2013 and 2018. Measures included violence (assaults requiring immediate medical attention) as well as the annual overcrowding and turnover rates. Using a meta-regression, the results showed that prison violence was higher when overcrowding and turnover increased. Overall, our study highlighted that institutional prison factors might have notable detrimental effects on prison life. Reduction of prison overcrowding and turnover appear critical to reduce prisoners’ vulnerability. Turning prison into safe places designed to promote desistance would probably not be achievable without considering these crucial factors.
Identification of potential anticancer phytochemicals against colorectal cancer by structure-based docking studies

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy among both the genders globally. Therefore, searching of new therapeutic options is utmost priority. Molecular docking is a widely used tool in drug discovery to identify potential new therapeutic targets. Molecular docking plays a vital role in the visualization of ligand–protein interaction at an atomic level and enhancing our understanding of the ligand behavior thus aiding in the structure-based drug designing. Selected phytochemicals with potential anticancer activities were examined for their binding affinities to the selected VEGFR and EGFR receptors. The receptor protein 3D structures were obtained from Protein Data Bank, and the molecular docking was performed using UCSF Chimera software with its AutoDock Vina tool. Out of 18 compounds screened, Yuanhuanin, Theaflavin, and Genistein have shown highest binding energies. Findings of this study should be further evaluated for their potential use in CRC treatment, management, and prevention.
Progress in Fertility Preservation Strategies in Turner Syndrome

Growth retardation and gonadal dysgenesis are two of the most important clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome (TS). As premature ovarian failure generally occurs early in life in women with TS, these patients should be counseled and evaluated as early as possible for discussion of optimal and individualized fertility preservation strategies. Infertility seriously affects the quality of life of women with TS. For those who have ovarian reserve, the theoretical options for future fertility in TS patients include cryopreservation of oocytes, ovarian tissues, and embryos. For those who have already lost their ovarian reserve, oocyte or embryo donation, gestational surrogacy, and adoption are strategies that allow fulfillment of desire for parenting. This review describes the etiologies of infertility and reviews the fertility preservation strategies for women with TS.
The Effect of Macroeconomic Instability on Earnings Management in Developed versus Emerging Countries DANTE BAIARDO CAVALCANTE VIANA JUNIOR Insituto Universitário de Lisboa – ISCTE-IUL

This study analyzes the effect of macroeconomic instability on both accrual-based and real earnings management, explicitly examining how this relationship compares between developed and emerging countries. The empirical study relies on a worldwide sample of 92,501 firm-year observations from 38 countries. Based on several variables related to economic environment conditions, we construct a macroeconomic instability index for each analyzed country, which change over the years. Econometric models are estimated using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approach, controlled for industry and year fixed effects. Our findings suggest that high levels of macroeconomic instability mitigate accrual-based earnings management in developed economies, whereas it encourages earnings manipulation by accruals in emerging ones. Findings also indicate a trade-off between accrual-based and real earnings management, but only in emerging countries. Overall, this study adds to the literature on the effect of economic environment on accounting quality and fills a gap in the previous literature focused on financial crises, by addressing macroeconomic instability for each year and country and broadening the discussion in different institutional contexts.