Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolving polarized jet of black hole candidate Swift J1745-26

SwiftJ1745 26 is an X-ray binary towards the Galactic Centre that was detected when it went into outburst in September 2012. This source is thought to be one of a growing number of sources that display "failed outbursts", in which the self-absorbed radio jets of the transient source are never fully quenched and the thermal emission from the geometrically-thin inner accretion disk never fully dominates the X-ray flux. We present multifrequency data from the Very Large Array, Australia Telescope Compact Array and Karoo Array Telescope (KAT- 7) radio arrays, spanning the entire period of the outburst. Our rich data set exposes radio emission that displays a high level of large scale variability compared to the X-ray emission and deviations from the standard radio-X-ray correlation that are indicative of an unstable jet and confirm the outburst's transition from the canonical hard state to an intermediate state. We also observe steepening of the spectral index and an increase of the linear polarization to a large fraction (� 50%) of the total flux, as well as a rotation of the electric vector position angle. These are consistent with a transformation from a self-absorbed compact jet to optically-thin ejecta - the first time such a discrete ejection has been observed in a failed outburst - and may imply a complex magnetic field geometry.
Nonlocal Lagrangian fields and the second Noether theorem. Non-commutative $U(1)$ gauge theory

This article focuses on three main contributions. Firstly, we provide an in-depth overview of the nonlocal Lagrangian formalism. Secondly, we introduce an extended version of the second Noether's theorem tailored for nonlocal Lagrangians. Finally, we apply both the formalism and the extended theorem to the context of non-commutative U(1) gauge theory, including its Hamiltonian and quantization, showcasing their practical utility.
Determinants of female labor force participation: implications for policy in Qatar

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the microlevel factors affecting women’s participation in the Qatar workforce, as the gender gap in employment is still wide, and addressing this issue remains an essential item on the government’s policy agenda. Data were collected via a national telephonic survey of a representative sample of Qatari nationals, chosen using simple random sampling. A regression analysis was performed with women’s employment, individual-level characteristics (e.g., age, education, and marital status), and household-level factors (e.g., number of children below 18 years of age and household monthly income) as the variables. The analytical model highlighted the microlevel predictors at the individual level as well as the public attitudes toward societal obstacles that have adverse effects on female labor force participation. The results revealed several indicators that affect women’s participation in the labor force, including education level, marital status, and age. These constructs were found to have the strongest (direct or indirect) effects in terms of pushing Qatari women into the labor market. The originality of this study lies in its ability to explain how state-directed initiatives can encourage women to participate in the labor market and thus facilitate a rapid increase in the number of employed women in Qatar. A methodological limitation of the cross-sectional survey design used in this study is that it limits the causations between the government interventions and the research outcomes. The findings indicate the need for further improvement in welfare regimes at the intrastate level.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Other Immune Therapies in Breast Cancer: A New Paradigm for Prolonged Adjuvant Immunotherapy

Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women worldwide. Advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the last decade have progressively decreased the cancer mortality rate, and in recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a relevant tool against cancer. HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are considered more immunogenic and suitable for this kind of treatment due to the higher rate of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. In TNBC, genetic aberrations further favor immunogenicity due to more neo-antigens in cancer cells. Methods: This review summarizes the principal ongoing conventional and investigational immunotherapies in breast cancer. Particularly, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their use alone or combined with DNA damage repair inhibitors (DDRis) are described. Then, the issue on immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against HER-2 family receptors is updated. Other investigational immunotherapies include a new schedule based on the interferon beta-interleukin-2 sequence that was given in ER+ metastatic breast cancer patients concomitant with anti-estrogen therapy, which surprisingly showed promising results. Results: Based on the scientific literature and our own findings, the current evaluation of tumor immunogenicity and the conventional model of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) are questioned. Conclusions: A novel strategy based on additional prolonged adjuvant immunotherapy combined with hormone therapy or alternated with CT is proposed.
EVN observations of the farthest and brightest ULIRGs in the local Universe: the case of IRAS 23365+3604

We present high-resolution, high-sensitivity radio images of the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) IRAS 23365+3604. We performed contemporaneous observations at 1.7 and 5.0 GHz, in three epochs separated by 1 year from each other, with the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network (EVN). We also present complementary Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometry Network (MERLIN) at 1.6 and 5.0 GHz, and archival Very Large Array data, taken at 1.4 and 4.9 GHz. We find that the emission at ∼5.0 GHz remains quite compact as seen at different resolutions, whereas at ∼1.7 GHz, high-resolution imaging reveals some extended structure. The nuclear region has an approximate linear size of 200 pc and shows the presence of two main emission components: (i) one with a composite spectrum due to ongoing non-thermal activity (probably due to recently exploded supernovae and the presence of an active galactic nucleus), and (ii) the other with a steep spectrum, likely dominated by an old population of radio emitters, such as supernova remnants. Radiative losses are important, so re-acceleration or replenishment of new electrons is necessary. We estimate a magnetic field strength of ∼ 18 μG at galactic and ∼ 175 μG at nuclear scales, which are typical for galaxies in advanced mergers.
Importance of far-infrared mapping in a spiral galaxy: AKARI observation of M81

The importance of the far-infrared (FIR) mapping is demonstrated for a face-on spiral galaxy, M81, by analysing its imaging data at 65, 90 and 140 μm taken by AKARI. The basic products are the dust temperature map, the dust optical depth map and the colour-colour diagram. The main features are as follows. (i) The dust temperature derived from the total fluxes at 90 and 140 μm reflects the relatively low temperatures seen in the interarm and spiral arms excluding the warm spots rather than the high temperatures in warm spots and the centre. This indicates that the total FIR luminosity is dominated by the dust heated by the general interstellar radiation field. (ii) The galaxy is more extended at 140 μm than at the other shorter wavelengths, which reflects the radial dust temperature gradient. (iii) The dust optical depth derived from the FIR mapping is broadly consistent with that estimated from the FIR-to-ultraviolet luminosity ratio. (iv) The FIR colour-colour diagram is useful to identify a 'contamination' of warm dust. The existence of small-scale warm star-forming regions is supported in the bright spots along the spiral arms. This contamination also leads to an underestimate of dust optical depth (or dust column density).
Higher Education Institution beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic—Evidence from Romania

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the education system in Romania. The major objective of this study was to identify the challenges in higher education institutions beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study is based on a questionnaire-type analysis with 388 respondents (students from different universities). Using the SEM-PLS method, we designed a conceptual model, which is based on seven latent variables: a resilient education system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (SER); teacher–student, student–teacher, and student–institution communication (PS); logistical assistance from the educational institution (AL); adaptation according to knowledge-economy requirements (EC); online teaching–learning in higher education (API); a hybrid education model (EH); and digital skills and the integration of digital technology in institutions (ITE). We formulated seven hypotheses in order to test the strength of the correlation between the latent variables. Our research highlights a significant correlation between logistical assistance from the educational institution (LA) and teacher–student, student–teacher, and student–institution (PS) communication. Moreover, logistical assistance from the educational institution (LA) has a significant effect on the teaching–learning activity.
THE EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELDS AND AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION ON CORE MASS FUNCTIONS

Linear analysis of the formation of protostellar cores in planar magnetic interstellar clouds yields information about length scales involved in star formation. Combining these length scales with various distributions of other environmental variables (i.e., column density and mass-to-flux ratio) and applying Monte Carlo methods allow us to produce synthetic core mass functions (CMFs) for different environmental conditions. Our analysis shows that the shape of the CMF is directly dependent on the physical conditions of the cloud. Specifically, magnetic fields act to broaden the mass function and develop a high-mass tail while ambipolar diffusion will truncate this high-mass tail. In addition, we analyze the effect of small number statistics on the shape and high-mass slope of the synthetic CMFs. We find that observed CMFs are severely statistically limited, which has a profound effect on the derived slope for the high-mass tail.
Scale-Location Dependence Relationship between Soil Organic Matter and Environmental Factors by Anisotropy Analysis and Multiple Wavelet Coherence

Soil organic matter (SOM) and environmental factors have been shown to have a scale-location dependence relationship. However, few studies have considered the anisotropy, and the scale-location dependence relationship may not be fully characterized. In this study, transects with dominant directions of SOM variability in the dryland farming regions of Songliao Plain, China were extracted by anisotropy analysis. The scale-location specific multivariate relationships between SOM and environmental factors along the two transects were examined using multiple wavelet coherence. Results indicated that the scale and location-specific variations in SOM and environmental factors were direction-specific. The major direction with the most significant SOM variations was 56° east by north, while the minor direction was perpendicular to the major direction. The strongest single factor for explaining SOM variations differed between two dominant directions, sand along the major direction (average wavelet coherence (AWC) = 0.57, percentage area of significant coherence (PASC) = 40.32% at all scales) and bulk density (BD) along the minor direction (AWC = 0.66, PASC = 50.16% at all scales). The combination of mean annual temperature (MAT) and BD was the best to explain SOM variations along the major direction (AWC = 0.78, PASC = 46.23% at all scales). A two-factor combination is adequate to explain SOM variability along the major direction, whereas a single factor is sufficient for the explanation along the minor direction. More factors did not evidently increase or even decrease the percentage of scale-location domains where SOM variations were significantly explained. This work has important implications for developing future sampling strategies and preparing detailed digital soil maps.
Longitudinal Data of High-school Students’ Grades during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Relation to Their Skills

The longitudinal changes of the average grades in four study semesters before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and distance learning are presented in the current study. 11th grade students’ (n=586; age M=17.38, SD=0.53) average grades were assessed, as well as their verbal and non-verbal reasoning abilities, and self-evaluations of problem-solving and self-management skills. The main findings of the study are: 1) There is a general pattern for the grades to increase during the four semesters from the autumn 2019 to the spring 2021; 2) The general tendency of changes in the grades is similar to various students’ groups based on their level of skills; 3) Higher level of students’ skills and cognitive abilities determined that students’ grades were higher and were more likely to increase during the “second wave of the pandemic”, compared to the middle and low-level skill groups. Results of the current study show a tendency for the average grades to increase during the pandemic and distance learning, however, there are group differences in the findings, relating the grade level to the individual level of students’ skills and abilities.
Complete sets of elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of [001]-poled Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-(6-7)%PbTiO3 single crystals of [110]-length cut

[001]-poled relaxor based ferroelectric Pb(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–(6–7)%PbTiO3 single crystals of [110]-length cut exhibit k31≈0.85 and very high d31∕s11E value. They are promising materials for sensors and actuators comprising an elastic substrate such as a metal shim or support, especially under dynamic loading conditions. In this work, the full sets of elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of [110]L×[001]T(P) single crystal are determined by means of the resonant technique. The obtained property matrix can be readily used for device design and simulation purposes.
Remote Monitoring System of Civil Engineering Health Status Information Based on Network Communication Technology

: In recent years, the continuous occurrence of civil engineering safety construction accidents not only caused huge casualties and serious economic losses, but also brought a bad social impact to the national lifeline project. This paper mainly studies the remote monitoring system of civil engineering health status information based on network communication technology. Based on the problems existing in the implementation of monitoring and measurement and the characteristics of the measurement tasks in civil engineering, this paper uses network communication technology to develop a remote monitoring system for the health status of civil engineering with independent intellectual property rights. Long-term and effective monitoring and measurement. Use the public network or private network to complete the wired or wireless data transmission and control, and provide the data processing function of the database. Relying on the non-parametric method to directly analyze the dynamic characteristics of the building structure, which is conducive to the timely update of the system. Experimental data shows that the saturation and frequency values collected by this remote health monitoring and warning system are accurate and usable: the normal saturation range is 96-100%; the appropriate frequency is 65-105 times per minute. The experimental results show that the remote monitoring system of civil engineering health status based on network communication technology realizes remote control measurement and automatic analysis and processing of the measured data. The popularization of this system in the current stage of civil engineering construction can promote the development of the project in the direction of increasing safety and stability.
Possible Increase of Air Temperature by Irrigation

Irrigation cools near surface air temperature by increasing evapotranspiration from wetter soil. However, elevated evapotranspiration can also increase atmospheric albedo and enhance the local greenhouse effect via increased atmospheric water vapor. Their net effects on daily air temperature remains controversial. Here we show that in several considered regions, Northwest India and Central Valley of California, irrigation could result in warmer air temperature if night‐time warming is stronger than daytime cooling by irrigation. During the daytime, air temperature reduces through evaporative cooling and reduced solar radiation from increased atmospheric albedo outweighing the local greenhouse effect. At night‐time, the increased atmospheric water vapor by irrigation tends to make a stronger local greenhouse effect that increases night‐time temperature. Our results highlight the possible increase of air temperature by irrigation and the importance of considering sub‐daily processes when assessing the impact of irrigation on daily air temperature and temperature related socioeconomic phenomena.
Wild herbivores enhance resistance to invasion by exotic cacti in an African savanna

Whether wild herbivores confer biotic resistance to invasion by exotic plants remains a key question in ecology. There is evidence that wild herbivores can impede invasion by exotic plants, but it is unclear whether and how this generalises across ecosystems with varying wild herbivore diversity and functional groups of plants, particularly over long‐term (decadal) time frames. Using data from three long‐term (13‐ to 26‐year) exclosure experiments in central Kenya, we tested the effects of wild herbivores on the density of exotic invasive cacti, Opuntia stricta and O. ficus‐indica (collectively, Opuntia), which are among the worst invasive species globally. We also examined relationships between wild herbivore richness and elephant occurrence probability with the probability of O. stricta presence at the landscape level (6150 km2). Opuntia densities were 74% to 99% lower in almost all plots accessible to wild herbivores compared to exclosure plots. Opuntia densities also increased more rapidly across time in plots excluding wild herbivores. These effects were largely driven by megaherbivores (≥1000 kg), particularly elephants. At the landscape level, modelled Opuntia stricta occurrence probability was negatively correlated with estimated species richness of wild herbivores and elephant occurrence probability. On average, O. stricta occurrence probability fell from ~0.56 to ~0.45 as wild herbivore richness increased from 6 to 10 species and fell from ~0.57 to ~0.40 as elephant occurrence probability increased from ~0.41 to ~0.84. These multi‐scale results suggest that any facilitative effects of Opuntia by wild herbivores (e.g. seed/vegetative dispersal) are overridden by suppression (e.g. consumption, uprooting, trampling). Synthesis. Our experimental and observational findings that wild herbivores confer resistance to invasion by exotic cacti add to evidence that conserving and restoring native herbivore assemblages (particularly megaherbivores) can increase community resistance to plant invasions.
An HST/COS survey of molecular hydrogen in DLAs & sub-DLAs at z < 1: molecular fraction and excitation temperature

We present the results of a systematic search for molecular hydrogen (H2) in low redshift (0.05 . z . 0.7) damped and sub-damped Lyabsorption systems (DLAs/sub-DLAs) with N(H I) & 10 19.0 cm 2 , in the archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) spectra. Our core sample is comprised of 27 systems with a median logN(H I) = 19.6. This is a factor of � 10 lower than that of the high-z (z > 2) sample of Noterdaeme et al. H2 absorption is detected in 10 cases (3/5 in DLAs and 7/22 in sub- DLAs). On the average, our survey is sensitive down to log N(H2) = 14.4 corresponding to a molecular mass fraction of logfH2 = 4.9 at the median N(H I). The H2 incidence rate of 50 +25 12 percent, is a factor of & 2 higher than that of the high-z sample, for systems with N(H2) > 10 14.4 cm 2 . The enhanced incidence rate could result from the increase of the cosmic mean metallicities of DLAs and sub-DLAs with cosmic time. In spite of hav- ing systematically lower N(H I) values, low-z H2 systems show molecular mass fractions (logfH2 = 1.93 ± 0.63) that are comparable to the high-z measurements. The rotational excitation temperatures (T01 = 133 ± 55 K), as measured in our low-z sample, are typically consistent with high-z measurements. Simple photoionization models demonstrate that the radiation field prevailing in the low- z H2 systems cannot have an appreciable stellar contribu- tion for densities of 10 - 100 cm 3 . The impact parameters of the nearest possible host-galaxy candidates are typically large (e.g. 10 . � (kpc) . 80). We, therefore, conjecture that the low-z H2 bearing gas is not related to star-forming disks but stems fr om self-shielded, tidally stripped or ejected disk-material in the extended halo.
Study assessment, quisses, and critical thinking skill of elementary school students

The use of Quizizz that can be set based on the learning objectives to be achieved. Quizizz can be used by educators as an alternative to assess learning as effectively as possible in order to achieve the learning objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of Quizizz-Based assessment to improve critical thinking in the fourth grade of elementary school . This research uses descriptive qualitative research on the subject of 6 educators and 30 students with data collection using a questionnaire technique to students and educators. This data analysis is data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of this study are fourth grade students at SDN 1 Jati Indah Tanjung Bintang still need an assessment application or assessment according to the needs of the times, namely in the form of applications that can be accessed online such as quizizz in the cognitive assessment of students and have not increased critical thinking in the learning process, then the alternative solution requires the development of quizzz-based assessments to improve critical thinking in elementary school thematic learning
THE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE “DARK FLOW”

We revisit recent claims of a significant detection of a bulk flow of distant galaxy clusters. We do not find a statistically significant detection of a bulk flow. Instead we find that cosmic microwave background correlations between the eight Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe channels used in this analysis decrease the inferred significance of the detection to 0. 7σ.