Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of in situ crystallisation and loss of interstitial melt during formation of the Kærven Syenite Complex, Kangerlussuaq, East Greenland

The Kærven Syenite Complex (KSC) is one of the oldest felsic intrusions in the Tertiary East Greenland province. Here we update our previous description of the KSC and supply a greatly expanded and comprehensive geochemical dataset. New data allow us to present a more detailed petrogenetic model for the evolution of the KSC and to investigate the geochemical characteristics of igneous cumulates subjected to loss and, occasionally, replacement of residual liquid. The KSC comprises eleven mappable units that generally young westwards. Rock types range from quartz syenite to quartz alkali feldspar syenite and alkali feldspar granite. Individual intrusive units are relatively narrow and steep-sided and are collectively suggested to represent a ring dyke complex. Basement gneiss and gabbro host rocks have locally contaminated the oldest quartz syenite KSC unit, but most of the main part of the complex escaped significant influence from host rocks. A late suite of E–W to NE–SW striking peralkaline dykes of trachytic to phonolitic compositions intrude the KSC. Compositions of the KSC rocks span a considerable range in SiO2, 59–73 wt%. Concentrations of several elements vary widely for a given SiO2 (especially at SiO2 < 66 wt%), and variation diagrams do not suggest a single model for the evolution of the units of the complex. A cumulative origin is envisaged for several KSC units. Geochemical modelling suggests that KSC magmas were derived from more than one primary magma, and that the complex evolved through a four-stage process: fractional crystallisation in precursory magma chambers was followed by final emplacement of each unit, establishment of a crystal/melt mush, expulsion of part of the residual melt and, finally, crystallisation of the remaining melt. Trace element disequilibria between alkali feldspar and host rocks in two closely associated quartz alkali feldspar syenite units indicate that highly evolved residual melt was replaced by a less evolved melt phase. Modelling of potential parent melt compositions to the Kærven magmas suggests an origin not in the Iceland plume asthenosphere, but rather in a moderately enriched source, possibly in the continental lithosphere. The course of melt evolution by fractional crystallisation is indicated to have taken place in magma chambers at depth, and repeated rise of magma into the upper crustal magma chambers and crystallisation there formed the KSC. Based on our survey of published geochemical data, the inferred parental magmas seem to have few equivalents in the North Atlantic Igneous Province and may have been generated mainly from melting of enriched dry lithospheric mantle of possibly Archaean age.
Improving Strain in Single Crystal by Composition-Gradients Design

Abstract Domain switching is one of the essential contributions for strain in ferroelectric materials. In this work, we utilize anisotropic composition gradients (CGs) to induce anisotropic orientation of both defects and spontaneous dipoles, aiming to enhance the contribution of domain switching on strain in KTa1–xNbxO3 single crystal. In this way, a remarkable improvement (over 60%) of strain is obtained in KTa0.58Nb0. 42O3 single crystal along the smallest CG direction, achieving a large unipolar strain, i.e. 0.29%, at low driving electric field 10 kV cm–1. It is attributed to the preferred orientation of both defects and spontaneous dipoles along the largest CG directions, then improving the contribution of domain switching on strain along the smallest CG direction. Particularly, owing to the existence of Ein as recoverable forces caused by both flexoelectric fields and defects pinning effect, KTN show nearly zero remnant strain (srem) along with the small CG directions, corresponding to the double P-E loops. Moreover, the V–PFM images confirm that CGs can influence the microdomain structures. Thus, designing special anisotropic CGs materials is expected to be a novel method to improve the strain properties and a potential way to flexibly design next-generation anisotropic piezoelectric materials.
Functional Interactions between Chromatin-associated Proteins and Epstein-Barr virus Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gammaherpesvirus that persistently infects more than 90% of the human population and its latent infection is associated with several malignancies. EBNA1 is the only viral protein required for the persistence of EBV episomes through its contributions to the replication, mitotic segregation of EBV episomes, and transcriptional activation of viral latency genes. These functions require EBNA1 binding to the DNA elements within the EBV genome that are important for transcription and replication, and interactions of EBNA1 with cellular factors. The aim of this thesis is to characterize the functional significance of the interactions between EBNA1 and chromatin-associated proteins NAP1, TAF-I, and Brd4, particularly in EBNA1-mediated transcription and DNA replication. Here I investigated the interactions of EBNA1 with NAP1 or TAF-I that were previously discovered in our laboratory by proteomic methods. I found that EBNA1 binds directly to NAP1 and to the β isoform of TAF-I, resulting in increased solubility of EBNA1 in vitro. Brd4 was also found to bind to EBNA1 and this interaction is mediated by an EBNA1 sequence essential for transactivation. Brd4, NAP1 and TAF-I all localize with EBNA1 to the transcriptional element and alteration of their levels inhibits transcriptional activation, suggesting that these proteins contribute to EBNA1-dependent
The Impact of Economic Freedom on Human Development in European Transition Economies

Central and East European countries have experienced transformation from planned economies to market economies, and many had experienced EU integration at the similar periods. Both of these experiences increase the freedom of people, and institutions leaning on the new living conditions. This study asks the question whether increment in economic freedom brings an increment in development for Transition Economies in EU. Thereby, bivariate relationship between human development and economic freedom index is examined for 11 Transition Economies for the period of 1996-2018. Firstly, bivariate cointegration relationship is assessed considering cross section dependency situation. CCE, AMG, and fixed effect estimators are preferred due to the fact to take cross section dependency into consideration. Secondly, bivariate bootstrap Granger causality relationship has been investigated to search the direction of relationship in the short run. Meanwhile, bivariate bootstrap causality relationship between human development and sub-indices of economic freedom has been examined to clarify nexus in deep. It can be stated that economic freedom has an effect on development both in short and long run for the selected period.
The Effect of Family Ownership and Control on Dividend Policy of Publicly Listed Firms in Indonesia and Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of family ownership and family control on a firm’s dividend policy of publicly listed firms in Indonesia and Malaysia. This study applied the generalized least square panel data over 2003-2016 and considering the period of global financial crisis 2008-2010. The results show that a firm with a higher percentage of family ownership pays more dividend compared to non-family firms. The same effect applies to the percentage of family control. In contrast, we found that higher debt levels will reduce the dividend payment. These findings indicate that dividend distribution can be used as a policy to lessen agency problems of listed firms.
Sexual Dimorphism in Breast Stripe Width and Beak Eco-Morphology in Himalayan Green-Backed Tits (Parus Monticolus)

Quantitative field data on sexual dimorphism is scant for most bird species. In this first field study of a western Himalayan population of Green-backed Tits (Parus monticolus), we demonstrate that breast stripe width is a dimorphic trait that is a reliable measure to sex this species in the wild. Based on our ability to sex the birds in hand, we describe the sexual dimorphism in eco-morphological variables in our study population. Sexual dimorphism in beak morphology changed from winter to summer due to males having shorter beaks (4.5%) in summer; however, there was little change in female beak measurements. Our study on this Himalayan congener of a widely studied European species can be used to inform studies of the evolutionary ecology of morphological traits in closely-related species inhabiting vastly different habitats.
Pruning of the main stem of Marigold: effect on capitula yield

This study’s purpose is to evaluate the influence of pruning the main stem of marigold plants on floral capitula yield. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates. The following removal stages of the main stem were studied: control (without pruning), up to 10 leaves, up to 15 leaves and visible flower bud. Three harvest periods were also evaluated: July, August and September, composing the experiment’s factorial arrangement in 4x3. The diameter, number, dry matter and the dry capitula were evaluated. There was significant effect of the main stem’s pruning on dry matter and dry capitula, when realized at the time the plant had up to 15 leaves and visible flower bud. The harvest in September is characterized as the most suitable, since it presented the higher diameter, number, dry matter and dry capitula.
CARCASS YIELD AND GUT CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIFFERENT TYPES OF PHYTOGENIC PLANT LEAF EXTRACT AS FEED ADDITIVES

An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of some herbal plant extracts additives as alternatives growth promoters for broiler chicks. Three different phytogenic plants were collected i.e. Azandiracta indica, Gueiria senegalensis and Commiphora kerstingii were sundried and grounded into powder form and their extracts were fed to broilers with synthetic antibiotics fed as control diet. One hundred one week old unsex Armor broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the three dietary treatments with anot her treatment serving as control. The birds were fed with experimental diets for eight weeks. Carcass traits were evaluated. Results showed that live weight 85.94% were affected by the different type of pathogenic plants they utilize the synthetic additive. It can be concluded that out of the three medicinal plants, Commiphora kerstingii gavethe highest performance and it can be recommended as source of additive for broiler production in the tropics; this willprovide availability of the materials since they are sourced locall y in the environment and reduce the cost of production.
Joint Learning for Pneumonia Classification and Segmentation on Medical Images

Chest X-ray images are notoriously difficult to analyze due to the noisy nature. Automatic identification of pneumonia on medical images has attracted intensive study recently. In this paper, a novel joint-task architecture that can learn pneumonia classification and segmentation simultaneously is presented. Two modules, including an image preprocessing module and an attention module, are developed to improve both the classification and segmentation accuracies. Results from the experiments performed on the massive dataset of the Radiology Society of North America have confirmed its superiority over the other existing methods. The classification test accuracy is improved from 0.89 to 0.95, and the segmentation model achieves an improved mean precision result of 0.58–0.78. Finally, two weakly supervised learning methods, class-saliency map and Grad-CAM, are used to highlight the corresponding pixels or areas which have significant influence on the classification model, such that the refined segmentation can focus on the correct areas with high confidence.
Effects of metal ions and wood pitch on retention and physical properties of TMP

Abstract The influence of metal ions, Ca2+{\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}} and Mg2+{\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}}, on wood pitch retention at pH 8 was studied by investigating the pitch content of TMP-papers using both short- and long-column gas chromatography (GC). The effects of two different drying methods, air-drying and freeze-drying, on pitch retention were also compared in this work. The pitch emulsion was prepared with fatty acids, resin acids, and triglycerides at a certain ratio to simulate the pitch composition in closed water system in paper mill. At increasing pH, some of the resin and fatty acids will dissolve into the water phase as metal soaps. In this work, the retention of colloidal pitch in TMP-papers by metal ions at pH 8 was determined. The amount of 5 mM metal ions was found to retain more pitch. The tensile index decreased by the addition of metal ions, and the decrease became more pronounced as the increase of the metal ions concentration. Besides, the hydrophobicity of handsheets was found being changed only a little, which might because the morphology and pitch retained on the surface both affected the hydrophobicity.
EVALUATING THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM MODEL THROUGH THE MULTI-COMPLEMENTARY APPROACH

This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Model (FCM) in an educational setting. For this purpose, a multi-complementary approach (MCA) was used including both quantitative (meta-analysis) and qualitative (thematic). MCA consists of three parts, the first of which is the pre-complementary information stage. In this context, the data from sixty-four studies were used and it was analysed using CMA and MetaWin software. In addition, the meta-thematic data were obtained by analysing thirty-two qualitative studies of FCM and analysed through content analysis. In the second stage of the MCA, an experimental process took place involving the implementation of FCM. A thematic dimension was added to the second stage and analyses were made through MAXQDA software. In the last stage of the approach, the results of the first two stages were combined to get complementary and general outcomes. The results of the study showed that FCM had a positive impact on academic success in general, thus some recommendations were presented on the use of both FCM and MCA.
Effects of seed infection and hydration on the buildup of common bacterial blight and its impact on the yield of dry beans

Abstract: Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is a serious foliar disease in most of the dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growing regions. A 4 yr study examined the effects of different sources of infection and seed hydration on CBB development, yield components, and yield in seven resistant or susceptible dry bean lines and cultivars. The five agronomic treatments examined included clean seed, diseased seed, hydrated diseased seed, clean seed with a Xap spray, and diseased seed with a Xap spray. Disease development, the yield components, and yield were strongly influenced by weather conditions. In comparison with the diseased-seed treatment, the use of clean (disease-free) seed reduced the incidence of CBB leaf infection in the susceptible dry bean cultivars, but no similar benefit was observed in the resistant lines and cultivars. During the three dry growing seasons, the seed-hydration treatment increased the incidence of CBB leaf infection compared with the diseased-seed treatment for the susceptible cultivars but not for the resistant lines and cultivars. In the wet growing season, no significant difference in the incidence of leaf infection was observed between the hydrated-seed and diseased-seed treatments in any of the cultivars, possibly because the wet soil conditions promoted pathogen development within the bean plants that year. Seed hydration did not improve seed yield in the dry years, but sometimes decreased it under wet conditions. Therefore, seed hydration cannot be recommended for use in the production of dry beans.
Laboratory testing for the diagnosis of HIV infection : updated recommendations

2. Specimens with a reactive antigen/antibody combination immunoassay result (or repeatedly reactive, if repeat testing is recommended by the manufacturer or required by regulatory authorities) should be tested with an FDA-approved antibody immunoassay that differentiates HIV-1 antibodies from HIV-2 antibodies. Reactive results on the initial antigen/antibody combination immunoassay and the HIV1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay should be interpreted as positive for HIV-1 antibodies, HIV-2 antibodies, or HIV antibodies, undifferentiated.
A Return Based Measure of Firm Quality

We show that superior performance relative to peers during stressful times identifies higher quality firms as measured by conventional historical financial statement based measures as well as default probability measures. Quality measured this way is persistent, but different from price momentum. Further, a managed portfolio that takes a long position in top quintile (Stable) firms and a short position in bottom quintile (Vulnerable) firms earns superior risk adjusted returns in excess of the risk-free rate. The portfolio has an annualized Fama and French three-factor alpha of 5.2% (t=5.04) and a five-factor alpha of 3.3% (t=3.38)
Self-consistent modeling of a surface AC dielectric barrier discharge actuator: In-depth analysis of positive and negative phases

We report on a detailed numerical study of the two-phase operation of a surface alternating current dielectric barrier discharge actuator. We showcase that when the quasi-periodic regime has been established, residual volume and surface charges play an important role on the discharge evolution strongly coupling the positive and negative phases. It is shown that the quasi-neutral streamer discharge found on the positive phase serves as both a positive and negative charge generator and acts as a virtual anode. As the streamer is not attached to the dielectric surface, most of the surface charging occurs during its after-burn (relaxation) phase. The positive surface charge leads to an distant zone of high electric field and thus ion drift but also interacts majorly with the negative discharge phase. During the latter, microdischarges form near the active electrode and an intense cathode layer feeds with charges the discharge volume. Each microdischarge is followed by a plasma layer formation attached to the dielectric layer expanding further at each repetition until it occupies a volume linked to the streamer elongation length and positively charged surface portion. The strong coupling between the positive and negative phases along with the strong impact of the streamer discharge on both suggest implications that have been ignored so far in terms of electrohydrodynamic force production and its spatiotemporal distribution.
Genetic Diversity Analysis among Inbred Lines of Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Based on Grain Yield and Yield Component Characters

An experiment was conducted to assess genetic divergence among 60 inbred lines included 27 maintainer (B-) and 33 restorer (R-) lines of pearl millet based on quantitative data of grain yield and its ten component traits using hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA identified four principal components (PCs) with Eigen value greater than 1.00 and accounted for 70.97 per cent of total variation. Most important traits in PC1 are days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield per plant, fresh stover yield per plant, dry matter yield per plant and grain harvest index and captured 26.85 per cent of total variation. PC2 was represented by ear diameter and dry matter yield per plant and contributed 18.06% of total variation. Two characters, grain yield per plant and grain harvest index contributed positively on all the first four PCs. Cluster analysis grouped the inbred lines into eight clusters and the characters, plant height, 1000 grain weight, dry matter yield per plant and productive tillers per plant contributed maximum towards genetic divergence. The grouping patterns of parental lines in PCA and cluster analysis were almost in agreement with each other with minor deviations. The study noticed maximum inter cluster distance between lines of cluster I and II with cluster VII, indicating that lines included in these clusters may have high heterotic response and produce better seggregants when used in Pearl millet hybridization programme.
The use of longissimus dorsi muscle measurements in assessing meat content of pig carcasses

The research was conducted on 287 pig carcasses, divided into two groups on the basis of their hot weight. Group 1 consisted of carcasses weighing 60-80 kg (n = 159), while group 2 of those heavier than 80,1 kg (n=128). The carcasses were divided into main joints and dissected according to Walstra and Merkus method used in EU for certification of the equipment used for estimating the lean meat content of pig carcasses. The loin was cut behind the last thoracic vertebra and between 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebra, counting from the last. The cross-sections obtained allowed to make measurements of width, depth and area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle (LD). The depth of LD measured behind the last thoracic vertebra was about 5 mm greater, whereas the width was very close to that measured between 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae. Simultaneously, about 15 kg increase in carcass weight caused 5 mm increase of depth and width of LD. The thickness of LD measured behind the last thoracic vertebra correlated slightly higher with meat content of four dissected joints (r = 0.48) than the thickness measured between 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae (r = 0.38). Slightly higher correlations were found for measurements of muscle depth made 6 cm from middle line in comparison to the measurements made 7 cm from middle line. That is why, as for ultrasonic and opticalprobe equipment, one should use measurement behind last thoracic vertebra, 6 cm from middle line for estimating lean meat content of carcass. Measurements of LD muscle width correlated lower with meat content of the sum of four dissected joints than the measurements of LD muscle height. However, as for loin eye area behind the last thoracic vertebra, it correlated higher.