Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Optimization of Tandem Solar Cells: A Systematic Review for Enhanced Power Conversion

Tandem solar cells (TSCs) perform a better adaptation of the incident photons in different-energy-level bandgap materials, and overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit, but they require advanced control over the management of light for optimum performance. Nanomaterials and nanostructures offer a vastly improved control over the management of light. Through different optimization techniques, researchers can gain valuable insights regarding the optimization of various parameters of nano-optical designs. Over the past years, the number of studies on this topic has been continuously increasing. The present study reviews various current state-of-the-art optical designs, and provides an overview of the optimization techniques and numerical modeling of TSCs. This paper collected and analyzed different studies published within the years 2015–2022, using systematic literature review techniques, such as specific protocol screening and a search strategy. Seven different optical designs were extracted, along with their advanced local and global optimization methods, which offer a solution to the optical limitations of TSCs.
Decay of Stable Warm-Core Eddies in a Layered Frontal Model

Aspects of the decay of stable frontal warm-core eddies in the deep ocean are investigated using a new numerical layered “frontal” model that solves the nonlinear, reduced-gravity, shallow-water equations for a horizontally inhomogeneous, viscous fluid on an f plane. After a discussion on aspects of the numerical techniques implemented to allow for the eddy expansions and contractions at the sea surface, for the first time the capability of a numerical model of reproducing the evolution of analytical nonstationary frontal vortices is explored. This step is necessary, as far as different phenomena related to the dynamics of these oceanic features are to be studied numerically. In fact the comparison between numerical and analytical inviscid solutions allows for a quantification of the numerical dissipation affecting the simulated solutions. This dissipation is found to be very small in this numerical model: The simulated lifetimes are larger than those of most of the frontal eddies observed in the World Ocean. On this basis, the eddy decay due to interfacial (linear and quadratic) friction, harmonic horizontal momentum diffusion, as well as linear ambient-water entrainment is investigated. It is found that interfacial friction represents a much more efficient mechanism than horizontal diffusion and water entrainment in inducing the eddy decay as well as in damping the eddy pulsations. It is thus suggested that internal wave radiation due to vortex pulsation can represent a relevant mechanism for the dissipation of the vortex energy in a stratified ambient ocean only episodically. Finally, a critical discussion about the appropriateness of the different approximations assumed in the investigation is presented. In particular, the appropriateness of the reduced-gravity assumption is discussed. Results are consistent with those obtained analytically in the frame of the frontal-geostrophic theory: Although the effect of an active ambient layer on the vortex dynamics is found to be virtually absent only for unrealistically large water depths, it appears that the reduced-gravity model describes warm-core eddies acceptably for values of the ratio between maximum vortex thickness and total water depth typical for Gulf Stream rings.
Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Consoprtia as a Strategy Towards Crop Growth and Fitness of Little Millet (Panicum sumatranse L.)

Little millet, a minor cereal cultivated in semi-arid regions of India, is renowned for its nutraceutical properties. The endophytic plant growth-promoting bacterial (PGPB) communities help crop plants increase growth and health, endure stress tolerance, and enhance nutrient availability. Seed biotiztion with these endophytic PGPBs can facilitate the host plant to develop a defense against pathogens and challenging environments. Thus the present study aimed to biotize the little millet seeds (var. ATL1) with PGPBs, viz., Bacillus albus LRS2, Alcaligenes faecalis LSB6, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LAS10 and Bacillus velezensis LLB10 and to evaluate their efficiency by developing as a consortia of these isolates for improved plant growth and development. The seeds were biotized with all the strains individually and as consortia to evaluate their plant growth attributes in vitro and in vivo. The results showed significant differences in vegetative growth parameters and yield attributes compared with the control over consortia biotized seeds. During the panicle initiation stage (27 DAS), the shoot length (59.2, cm), root length (13.9 cm), total plant biomass (1.46 g), number of productive tillers plant-1 (5), panicle length (13.2 cm) and 1000 grain weight (5.12 g), grain yield plant-1 (28.45 g), straw yield (36.21 g) registered more in consortia biotized plants compared to non-biotized plant maintained as control. Thus, the present study confirmed that the inoculation of little millet seeds with the Consortia of indigenous strains could promote plant growth and productivity. Further, the Vol 110|10-12 inoculant can be recommended as a novel bio-inoculant for enhancing crop health and sustainable production in little millet.
HOW DOES GRANTING TEACHER AUTONOMY INFLUENCE CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION? LESSONS FROM INDONESIA’S CURRICULUM REFORM IMPLEMENTATION

This research seeks to understand how a curriculum reform that emphasizes studentcentered learning influences classroom instruction. The new curriculum is designed by the government of Indonesia to grant autonomy to teachers in re-emphasizing learning according to the student’s needs and local context. Previous studies suggest that teacher autonomy in elaborating curricula and pedagogy is associated with student’s engagement and improvement in learning outcomes. Given the low autonomy of teachers in Indonesia, their responses can inform how we should formulate effective reforms. This research used a case study to investigate how curriculum reform is perceived by middle school teachers and how they translate it into classroom instruction. The data was collected through classroom observations and complemented by semi-structured phone interviews with 20 Math teachers in Jakarta and Central Java from November 2022 to February 2023. To avoid incongruous instruction, this research informs that countries with a long history of low teacher autonomy like Indonesia should not promote a grand education reform design without clear guidelines and adequate support. The reformers need to touch upon teacher’s beliefs about curriculum completion and didactic pedagogy before expecting them to change their teaching practices into active learning and exercise their authority in independently developing curricula.
The effect of structural reinforcement in the solid ankle foot orthosis: a finite element analysis

: Background: Solid Ankle Foot Orthosis (SAFO) has the ability to hold the plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. It helps improve foot clearance which can stop foot drop. During gait, it usually possesses a specific area with high pressure due to gait that leads to cracks in that particular area. Structural reinforcement can be introduced to tackle this problem. This study aims to
How do Saudi EFL learners realize the speech act of request?

Abstract The current study aimed to examine the realization of the speech act of request by Saudi EFL learners, in Arabic as their first language and English as their foreign language. To this end, 240 Saudi undergraduates completed a discourse completion task consisting of 12 situations, six of which were presented in Arabic while the other six were presented in English. The participants’ responses were coded for the request strategies in addition to internal/external modifiers and initiators. The results showed a clear dominance for the conventionally indirect strategy of “query preparatory” in both languages. However, other statistically significant differences emerged. For instance, while the participants used more direct requests in Arabic than in English, they employed more nonconventionally indirect requests in English than in Arabic. Additionally, the participants apologized significantly more often in English than in Arabic whereas they promised and offered prayers to the hearer more frequently in Arabic than in English. Moreover, the participants used a significantly higher number of downgraders in English than in Arabic. Regarding social variables, the participants exhibited sensitivity to social dominance in the two languages.
“Everybody Learning Every Second”: General Education Teachers’ Perspectives and Experiences Including Students With Extensive Support Needs

When students with extensive support needs (ESN) are included in general education classrooms, they benefit from the expertise of the general education teacher. Despite the central role of the general education teacher in an inclusive classroom, little is known about their perspectives and experiences including students with ESN. The purpose of this study was to investigate general education teachers’ perspectives on inclusive education, how they support students with ESN in their classroom, and experiences that shaped their knowledge of inclusive education. We conducted five focus groups with 16 general education teachers at two elementary schools where all students with disabilities are included in general education classrooms. The general education teachers in this study expressed positive views of inclusive education and advocated for students with ESN to be included in general education classrooms. They supported students with ESN by collaborating with other teachers and providing individualized supports for students. The general education teachers emphasized the role of the school district in shaping the way they provide supports for students with ESN, and they described learning about inclusive education from other teachers. Implications for research and practice are presented and are focused on advancing inclusive education for students with ESN.
The influence of carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose on physicochemical, texture, and sensory characteristics of gluten‐free pancake

Abstract In this study, gluten‐free pancakes were prepared using rice flour and potato starch at a ratio of 50:50. Due to a lack of gluten networks in these ingredients, the hydrocolloid gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) at 1%, 2%, and 3% were added to improve the quality of the final products. The effects of these hydrocolloid gums on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of the gluten‐free pancakes were evaluated. Pancakes prepared with wheat flour were used as a control sample. The results showed that the addition of both gums decreased the hardness and chewiness of the gluten‐free pancakes while increasing the springiness and their moisture content. Increasing the concentration of the gums resulted in an L* value (lightness) reduction, which produced a darker crust on the pancakes. Moreover, the gluten‐free pancakes containing CMC and HPMC had higher specific volumes than the gluten‐free samples made without CMC and HPMC. From a sensory point of view, the samples containing 2%, 3% HPMC and 1% CMC received the highest overall acceptance score. Thus, CMC and HPMC can be used as improvers in gluten‐free pancakes.
Building Citizens for the Future: A Case Study of 4-H Members’ Experiences During the Citizenship Washington Focus Program

In recent decades, numerous approaches have been used to promote the development of youth’s civic identity. Evidence of the success of these approaches, however, is insufficient. In response, this case study sought to document the outcomes of Louisiana 4-H members who participated in the Citizen Washington Focus (CWF) program. Through our analysis of the data, five themes emerged: (1) Positive Sparks, (2) Learning About Self and Others, (3) Youth-Adult Partnerships, (4) Program Engagement, and (5) Practicing Civic Skills. We interpreted findings through the lens of Arnold’s 4-H Thriving Model, which provided insight into how the 4-H members experienced civic identity development as a result of the CWF program. We concluded CWF served as a powerful way to assist youth in developing their civic identity. For example, participants discussed building skills and practicing such during the program, which improved their self-efficacy. The 4-H members also highlighted bill writing and civil discourse as skills they transferred into their lives after returning home. Going forward, implications and recommendations are offered for future research, theory, and practice.
Data-driven spectral turbulence modelling for Rayleigh–Bénard convection

Abstract A data-driven turbulence model for coarse-grained numerical simulations of two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection is proposed. The model starts from high-fidelity data and is based on adjusting the Fourier coefficients of the numerical solution, with the aim of accurately reproducing the kinetic energy spectra as seen in the high-fidelity reference findings. No assumptions about the underlying partial differential equation or numerical discretization are used in the formulation of the model. We also develop a constraint on the heat flux to guarantee accurate Nusselt number estimates on coarse computational grids and high Rayleigh numbers. Model performance is assessed in coarse numerical simulations at $Ra=10^{10}$. We focus on key features including kinetic energy spectra, wall-normal flow statistics and global flow statistics. The method of data-driven modelling of flow dynamics is found to reproduce the reference kinetic energy spectra well across all scales and yields good results for flow statistics and average heat transfer, leading to computationally cheap surrogate models. Large-scale forcing extracted from the high-fidelity simulation leads to accurate Nusselt number predictions across two decades of Rayleigh numbers, centred around the targeted reference at $Ra=10^{10}$.
Land use and cropping pattern in Kolhapur district.

Agriculture plays a very important role in the economic development of the country where 70% of the population is directly or indirectly depends on agriculture for their survival. Land use and cropping pattern is an important aspect of geographical studies particularly relevant to agricultural geography. The growth of population leads to change in land use and cropping pattern. This paper an attempt is made to analysis the changes in land use and cropping pattern of Kolhapur district. In the last two decades (1990-91 and 2000-01) the scenario of land use and cropping pattern in the district were drastic change because of population growth. In 1990-91, out of the total agriculture area 66.71% of agriculture land was under food crops, but in 2000-01 the food crops cultivated area were decrease to 57.41% because remaining agriculture shifted to commercial crops like sugarcane, oilseeds and vegetables etc. Whereas, in 1990-91 the area under non-food crops is decrease up to 33.29% and it increase up to 42.59% in 2000-01,because agriculture trend change towards the food crops to cash crops. The cropping pattern of the district has changed towards commercialization due to increase in irrigation facilities, transport, communication, market facilities etc. The diversified nature of land use pattern and cropping pattern of the Kolhapur district has increased the cropping intensity of the land.
Nonlinear Analytical Model of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor With Segmented Secondary Considering Iron Saturation and End Effect

Linear switched reluctance motor with segmented secondary (LSRMSS) is a new type of linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) and has become an alternative for direct linear driving systems due to its high power and thrust density compared to the conventional LSRM. Performance estimation of LSRMSS is a tough task because of its critical local saturation effect on iron. To precisely estimate and investigate the dynamic performance of LSRMSS, a highly efficient and accurate nonlinear inductance function (NIF) considering iron saturation effects is developed in this paper. The inductance model of LSRMSS is derived based on an established magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC), facilitating machine performance estimation. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the results with finite element simulations (FEA). The end effect and mutual inductance effect are considered to improve the accuracy of the proposed NIF model, and key dimensions affecting machine performance are considered. Finally, the prototype of LSRMSS is manufactured, and the experimental testing platform is built. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results, validating the feasibility of the proposed nonlinear model.
Improving Sales Volume To Maintain Business Sustainability Through Digital Marketing And Financial Literacy For Msmes In Cilodong, Depok

Along with the dynamics of MSMEs in Indonesia, their development faces several problems related to whether the sustainability of MSMEs in Indonesia can be tested in the long term. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of digital marketing and financial literacy on sales volume and its impact on business sustainability in MSMEs in Cilodong, Depok, West Java. The population of this study is MSMEs Cilodong District, Depok City, West Java. The data collection method was a questionnaire distributed to 60 samples of MSMEs in Cilodong, Depok. The collected data was processed using SPSS 27.00 with t test and Path Analysis. The research results show that digital marketing and financial literacy have a positive effect on sales volume. Digital marketing and financial literacy also have a positive influence on business sustainability, both directly and indirectly, mediated by sales volume. Apart from that, sales volume has a direct effect on business sustainability. The results of this research can be useful for MSMEs as input and consideration in determining strategies, especially regarding Sales Volume and Business Sustainability of MSMEs in Cilodong, Depok.
Strategies to identify, engineer, and validate antibodies targeting blood–brain barrier receptor-mediated transcytosis systems for CNS drug delivery

ABSTRACT Introduction Numerous therapeutics for neurological diseases have been developed, but many have failed in clinical trials in part due to limited brain bioavailability, mainly stemming from inefficient transport through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). One potential approach to noninvasive, BBB-targeted drug delivery to the brain is the use of engineered antibodies as delivery vehicles that can transport conjugated drug cargo across the BBB and into the brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). Effective development of these RMT targeting systems includes novel target discovery, along with antibody engineering and subsequent validation. Areas covered This review focuses on both known and emerging RMT systems, targeting antibody properties in relation to BBB trafficking, and antibody validation strategies. Expert opinion Clinical development of known RMT targeting systems and identification of novel BBB RMT targets will be complementary strategies for overcoming the BBB in central nervous system (CNS) disease treatment. The search for new RMT targets with higher brain specificity and enriched expression in the brain has given rise to some new targets which may offer unique benefits. It is our opinion that the expansion of BBB RMT system identification, along with targeting molecule engineering and validation strategies, will substantially contribute to the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases.
Long-Term Effects of Child Early Surgical Ventricular Septal Defect Repair on Maternal Stress

The ventricular septal defect (VSD) represents the most common congenital heart defect (CHD). The diagnosis of and cardiac surgery for their child’s VSD are highly stressful experiences for parents; especially mothers, who are at risk of developing long-lasting stress-related symptoms. This study examined long-term alterations in maternal stress including self-reported psychological and biophysiological stress levels in a case-control design. We investigated 24 mothers of children with an isolated, surgically corrected VSD compared to non-affected controls. Maternal self-reports on psychopathology, everyday stress, parenting stress and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) were measured during children’s primary school age (6–9 years, t1) and early adolescence (10–14 years, t2). In maternal self-reports, psychopathology and stress symptoms in the VSD-group and controls were comparable at t1, whereas at t2, mothers in the VSD-group even showed a decrease in psychopathology. Maternal HCC levels in the VSD-group were significantly lower (hypocortisolism) than HCC levels of controls at t1. This effect was no longer observed at t2 reflecting an approximation of HCC levels in the VSD-group to controls’ levels. This study highlights the potential for improved stress hormone balance and psychological well-being in mothers following their child’s surgical VSD repair. However, the need for parent-centered interventions is discussed, particularly during peri-operative phases and in early child developmental stages.
An electron-muon collider: what can be probed with it?

Collisions of electrons against muons provide a very clean environment for many beyond SM signals. We consider the case of two-to-two flavor changing processes that are absent in the SM. The sensitivity of the e-muon collider to the four-fermion dimension six operators is about the same order of magnitude as the one based on low energy measurements.
Motivational Factors Related to Improving Indoor Air Quality in Rural Nepal

Abstract Sixty-two caregivers in a mountainous region of western Nepal were interviewed about factors related to improving the indoor air quality. The study included 25 households with improved iron stoves and 37 households that cooked on a traditional open fire. In a subsample of 27 households, the field team observed kitchen characteristics and the stoves in everyday use, employing a standardized checklist. All the caregivers with improved stoves expressed satisfaction with their stoves, whereas only 16% of caregivers with traditional stoves were satisfied. There were no differences with respect to time spent in the kitchen or time spent on cooking. The main motivational factors for installing an improved stove were reduced smoke and better health. The villagers were willing to contribute 8% of total annual income per capita to have an improved stove installed. The survey identified weaknesses in stove design that might have influenced the smoke reduction potential of the improved stoves. This paper discusses how local conditions can determine the motivational factors and the success of future programs for improving indoor air quality in this setting.