Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Historical Perspective of the La Niña Event in 2020/2021

El Niño–Southern Oscillation is the strongest interannual variability in the tropical oceans and the major source of global climate predictability. In this work, we examine the evolution of oceanic and atmospheric anomalies in the tropical Pacific during 2020/2021 La Niña and compare it with the historical strong La Niña events since 1982, identify the contributions of different time scale components, and assess the predictions and the impact on extra‐tropical climate. 2020/2021 La Niña emerged in August 2020 and dissipated in May 2021. 2020/2021 La Niña was uniquely preceded by a borderline El Niño instead of an El Niño and a weak equatorial‐heat discharge process. That resulted in the weakest event among the strong La Niñas since 1982, although there were strong upwelling Kelvin wave activities. Moreover, compared with other strong La Niña events, the surface easterly wind anomalies and the warm pool extended further eastward in 2020/2021 La Niña, linking to a relatively weaker dipole‐like pattern of the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies. The strength of all the strong La Niña events is determined by the in‐phase amplification of all time scale variations. Their decay in the boreal spring and early summer is mainly controlled by the intra seasonal‐inter seasonal variation. 2020/2021 La Niña was successfully predicted, however, the North American climate anomalies did not match the typical La Niña response, leading to low prediction skill in the extra‐tropics during its mature phase.
Relationships Between Mental Health, Emotion Regulation, and Meaning in Life of Frontline Nurses During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Background The sporadic outbreak of COVID-19 and the constant mutation of the virus have put the public in panic. Frontline nurses' appropriate emotional regulation and mental health are the key to win the victory of fighting against the epidemic. The relationships between these variables directly influence the availability of human resources to combat COVID-19. Objective To investigate the relationship between meaning in life, emotional regulation, and mental health of frontline nurses during the Delta virus epidemic. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2021 among 105 nurses from the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, who were deployed at the COVID-19 units in Zhangjiajie People's Hospital. The Chinese Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Psychological Questionnaire for Emergent Events of Public Health were used to evaluate their meaning in life, emotion regulation, and mental health. Their correlation and the moderating effect of emotion regulation were conducted. Results In total, 105 (100%) nurses responded. There were 14 men and 91 women and the mean age was (30.295 ± 4.653) years. The average score of meaning in life and mental health of frontline nurses was 49.971 ± 6.386 and 2.755 ± 2.580, respectively. The meaning in life of frontline nurses was positively correlated with cognitive reappraisal and negatively correlated with expressive suppression and mental health. Mental health was negatively correlated with cognitive reappraisal and positively correlated with expressive suppression. The emotional regulation of frontline nurses has a moderating effect between meaning in life and mental health. Conclusion Meaning in life and emotion regulation of frontline nurses were significantly correlated with mental health under the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changing the emotion regulation of frontline nurses, strengthening cognitive reappraisal, and weakening expressive suppression could reduce the predictive effect of meaning in life on mental health.
Effect of Infill Parameters on Tensile Mechanical Behavior in Desktop 3D Printing

Abstract The recent creation and growth of desktop three-dimensional (3D) printing has led to a new way of building objects. In the manufacture of pieces using Open-Source 3D printing it is very common to use a range of infill patterns and densities with the aim of reducing printing time and material consumption. However, it is not well understood how these factors influence the characteristics of the pieces obtained. Due to the differences with FDM technology, it is necessary to evaluate the strength of the pieces manufactured with this technology. In this work, the influence of two controllable variables, such as pattern and density of the infill has been evaluated. A series of test pieces with different density characteristics and infill patterns were produced using an open-source 3D printer. The results obtained show that the influence of the different printing patterns causes a variation of less than 5% in maximum tensile strength, although the behavior is similar. The change in infill density determ.
The role of third-generation dual-source dual-energy computed tomography in characterizing the composition of renal stones with infrared spectroscopy as the reference standard

Purpose The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the role of third-generation, dual-source, dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in the characterization of renal calculi, with ex vivo renal stone evaluation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IS) as the reference standard. Material and methods In our study 50 patients with history suggestive of renal calculi were subjected to DECT using 100 kVp and Sn150 kVp. With DECT, renal stone attenuation at low and high kVp was attained, and the attenuation ratios were measured. The result of DECT was compared with IS to identify the chemical composition of the extracted renal stones. IBM SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results In our study, the mean attenuation ratio of the renal stone was 1.57 ± 0.25. Out of 50 patients, the stones of 39 patients were predicted as calcium-containing stones, in 4 patients as cystine stones, and in 7 as uric acid stones on DECT. In IS analysis, 43 patients had calcium-containing stones, and 7 patients had uric acid stones. The accuracy rate of DECT for detecting calcium and uric acid stones in our study were 90% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value for the DECT to assess the chemical composition of renal calculi was found to be 92%. Conclusions Third-generation DECT scan had 100% accuracy in differentiating uric acid stones from non-uric acid stones in our study. Because the treatment is different for different chemical compositions of stones, identification of specific chemical components is very important, and it can be accurately done by DECT.
Nonlinear Statistical Features of the Seismicity in the Subduction Zone of Tehuantepec Isthmus, Southern México

After the M8.2 main-shock occurred on 7 September 2017 at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, the spatial distribution of seismicity has showed a clear clusterization of earthquakes along the collision region of the Tehuantepec Transform/Ridge with the Middle America Trench off Chiapas. Furthermore, nowadays, the temporal rate of occurrence in the number of earthquakes has also showed a pronounced increase. On the basis of this behavior, we studied the sequence of magnitudes of the earthquakes which occurred within the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in southern Mexico from 2010 to 2020. Since big earthquakes are considered as a phase transition, after the M8.2 main-shock, one must expect changes in the Tehuantepec ridge dynamics, which can be observed considering that the b-value in the Gutenberg–Richter law, has also showed changes in time. The goal of this paper is to characterize the behavior of the seismic activity by using the Gutenberg–Richter law, multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis, visibility graph and nowcasting method. Those methods have showed important parameters in order to assess risk, the multifractality and connectivity. Our findings indicate, first that b-value shows a dependency on time, which is clearly described by our analyses based on nowcasting method, multifractality and visibility graph.
Understanding the Influence of Authentic Leadership and Employee-Organization Relationships on Employee Voice Behaviors in Response to Dissatisfying Events at Work

This study demonstrates how authentic leadership and the quality of employee-organization relationships (EOR) influence employee behavioral reactions to dissatisfying events at work. We conducted a nationwide survey of 644 full-time employees in the United States. The results from the structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that authentic leadership was positively and directly related to employees’ considerate voice but was not directly associated with other behavioral responses. Additionally, the quality of EOR was found to be a strong mediator between authentic leadership and employee behaviors—particularly in enhancing considerate voice and patience and reducing exit—in the context of dissatisfying workplace events. The implications of developing authentic leadership to build and maintain the quality of EOR are discussed.
Orienteering Problem with Hotel Selection

In the regular Team Orienteering Problem, a set of locations is given, each with a score. The goal is to determine a fixed number of trips, each within a given time budget, in order to maximize the total collected score. All trips start (and end) at the same starting point. The Orienteering Problem with Hotel Selection (OPHS) also has a fixed number of trips, but each trip can end in any of the available hotels and the next trip should start in the same hotel. In the ongoing research, we formulate the OPHS mathematically, develop a heuristic to solve it and design appropriate benchmark instances.
Modificaciones de la conducta alimentaria, actividad física y salud mental por la cuarentena COVID-19 en adultos jóvenes

En Perú, una de las primeras medidas preventivas para allanar la curva epidemiológica de la pandemia COVID-19 fue la cuarentena, que cambió de forma importante la conducta alimentaria, la actividad física y la salud mental. Objetivo: Determinar las modificaciones de la conducta alimentaria, actividad física y salud mental antes y durante la cuarentena por la pandemia COVID-19 en adultos jóvenes. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal en 384 adultos entre 18 y 24 años, mediante una encuesta virtual que incluyó: Cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad física y Cuestionario de cambios en la salud mental, analizados mediante ji – cuadrado. Resultados: Durante la cuarentena se encontró un incremento en la distribución de frecuencia de comidas diarias [desayuno (p < 0,001), media mañana (p < 0,05), almuerzo (p< 0,001), merienda (p<0,001), cena (p < 0,05)] y de las preferencias alimentarias, con aumento en el consumo de frutas (p = 0,005) y una disminución de comidas rápidas (p < 0,05) y golosinas (p = 0,03). El nivel de actividad física bajo fue más frecuente (Varones: 28,4%; Mujeres: 25,3%) y hubo una disminución en las horas de sueño, por otro lado, la salud mental se vio severamente afectada durante la cuarentena. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que la cuarentena ha producido variaciones en la conducta alimentaria, una disminución de la actividad física y un aumento de problemas de salud mental. Estas modificaciones representan un riesgo de sobrepeso u obesidad, incluso, desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles.
The effects of simulated lifeboat motions on carbon dioxide production

A Totally Enclosed Motor Propelled Survival Craft (TEMPSC) is currently the primary mode of escape during a maritime and offshore emergency situation. Although lifeboats have evolved from their original design, the interior comfort and habitability of the craft has remained virtually unchanged and is not considered during the certification process. Ambient carbon dioxide (CO₂) accumulation within TEMPSC is one factor, along with many others that may cause serious health implications for TEMPSC occupants. Previous research has shown that with the hatches closed and the participants at rest, an international 8-hour exposure limit of 4800ppm may be reached in as little as 15 minutes. This study uses simulation as a testing methodology to determine if vessel motions in various sea-states impact the time to reach this same CO₂ exposure limit because of physical exertions of the participants to maintain stability within their seats.
Alternative Splicing in Cancer and Immune Cells

Simple Summary Alternative splicing is one of the most fabulous and important mechanism in the cell. Alternative splicing is capable of generating many proteins from a single gene and can be involved in many pathways. In this review, we decided to present a review of the literature on alternative splicing in cancer cells but also in immune cells. This Review is composed of 4 different parts, with the impact of alternative splicing in cancer immunotherapy, the role of alternative splicing in immune modulation, the involvement of alternative splicing in cancer cells and finally, the cause of deregulation of alternative splicing in cancer. Abstract Splicing is a phenomenon enabling the excision of introns from pre-mRNA to give rise to mature mRNA. All the 20,000 genes of the human genome are concerned by this mechanism. Nevertheless, it is estimated that the proteome is composed of more than 100,000 proteins. How to go from 20,000 genes to more than 100,000 proteins? Alternative splicing (AS) is in charge of this diversity of proteins. AS which is found in most of the cells of an organism, participates in normal cells and in particular in immune cells, in the regulation of cellular behavior. In cancer, AS is highly dysregulated and involved in almost all of the hallmarks that characterize tumor cells. In view of the close link that exists between tumors and the immune system, we present in this review the literature relating to alternative splicing and immunotherapy. We also provide a global but not exhaustive view of AS in the immune system and tumor cells linked to the events that can lead to AS dysregulation in tumors.
Bioactive Compound Profiling of Olive Fruit: The Contribution of Genotype

The health, therapeutic, and organoleptic characteristics of olive oil depend on functional bioactive compounds, such as phenols, tocopherols, squalene, and sterols. Genotype plays a key role in the diversity and concentration of secondary compounds peculiar to olive. In this study, the most important bioactive compounds of olive fruit were studied in numerous international olive cultivars during two consecutive seasons. A large variability was measured for each studied metabolite in all 61 olive cultivars. Total phenol content varied on a scale of 1–10 (3831–39,252 mg kg−1) in the studied cultivars. Squalene values fluctuated over an even wider range (1–15), with values of 274 to 4351 mg kg−1. Total sterols ranged from 119 to 969 mg kg−1, and total tocopherols varied from 135 to 579 mg kg−1 in fruit pulp. In the present study, the linkage among the most important quality traits highlighted the scarcity of cultivars with high content of at least three traits together. This work provided sound information on the fruit metabolite profile of a wide range of cultivars, which will facilitate the studies on the genomic regulation of plant metabolites and development of new olive genotypes through genomics-assisted breeding.
Glutathione Modulation in PVYNTN Susceptible and Resistant Potato Plant Interactions

Glutathione is a metabolite that plays an important role in plant response to biotic stress through its ability to remove reactive oxygen species, thereby limiting the degree of potential oxidative damage. It can couple changes in the intracellular redox state to the development, especially the defense responses, of plants. Several studies have focused on measuring glutathione levels in virus infected plants, but have not provided complete information. Therefore, we analyzed, for the first time, the content of glutathione as well as its ultrastructural distribution related to susceptible and hypersensitive potato–Potato virus Y NTN (PVYNTN) interaction, with an aim of providing new insight into interactive responses to PVYNTN stress. Our findings reported that the inoculation of PVYNTN caused a dynamic increase in the content of glutathione, not only in resistance but also in susceptible reaction, especially at the first steps of plant–virus interaction. Moreover, the increase in hypersensitive response was much more dynamic, and accompanied by a significant reduction in the content of PVYNTN. By contrast, in susceptible potato Irys, the content of glutathione decreased between 7 and 21 days after virus inoculation, which led to a significant increase in PVYNTN concentration. Additionally, our findings clearly indicated the steady induction of two selected potato glutathione S-transferase StGSTF1 and StGSTF2 genes after PVYNTN inoculation, regardless of the interaction type. However, the relative expression level of StGSTF1 did not significantly differ between resistant and susceptible plants, whereas the relative expression levels of StGSTF2 differed between susceptible and resistant reactions. Therefore, we proposed that StGSTF2 can act as a marker of the type of response to PVYNTN. Our observations indicated that glutathione is an important component of signaling as well as the regulatory network in the PVYNTN–potato pathosystem. In resistance responses to PVYNTN, this metabolite activates plant defenses by reducing potential damage to the host plant cell, causing a reduction in virus concentration, while it can also be involved in the development of PVYNTN elicited symptoms, as well as limiting oxidative stress, leading to systemic infection in susceptible potato plants.
Design of Experiments-Based Optimization of Flavonoids Extraction from Daphne genkwa Flower Buds and Flavonoids Contents at Different Blooming Stages

The flower buds of Daphne genkwa have been reported as a potent resource associated with anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities, as well as immunoregulation. This paper aimed to establish an optimal extraction method for flavonoids, as active phytochemicals, and to conduct a comparative analysis by profiling the different blooming stages. Optimized shaking extraction conditions from the design of experiments (DoE), such as minutely mixture design, 23 full factorial design, and polynomial regression analysis, involved an agitation speed of 150 rpm and temperature of 65 °C for 12 h in 56% (v/v) acetone solvent. After, a comparative analysis was performed on three blooming stages, juvenile bud, mature purple bud, and complete flowering, by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-MS). Most flavonoids increased during bud growth and then decreased when the bud opened for blooming. In particular, apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, genkwanin 5-O-primeveroside, and genkwanin strikingly showcased this pattern. Furthermore, the raw spectrometric dataset was subjected to orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to find significant differences in the flavonoids from the juvenile bud, mature purple bud, and complete flowering. In conclusion, the present study facilitates an understanding of flavonoid change at different blooming stages and provides a momentous reference in the research of D. genkwa.
Associations between Pre-Diagnostic Physical Activity with Breast Cancer Characteristics and Survival

Simple Summary Physical activity is known to reduce breast cancer risk and improve patient prognosis. However, the association between pre-diagnostic physical activity and the aggressiveness of breast cancer is unclear. Here, we assessed the effects of pre-diagnostic physical activity on breast cancer aggressiveness among breast cancer patients. Despite not improving overall survival, higher levels of pre-diagnostic physical activity contributed to less aggressive forms of breast tumours. These results underline the importance of physical activity in improving patient prognosis. Abstract Physical activity (PA) is known to reduce breast cancer (BC) risk and improve patient prognosis. However, the association between pre-diagnostic PA and the aggressiveness of BC is unclear. We investigated the associations between PA, BC tumour characteristics, and survival. This retrospective observational study included 7688 BC patients from the Singapore Breast Cancer Cohort (2010–2016). PA information from the questionnaire included intensity (light/moderate/vigorous) and duration (<1 h/1–2 h/>2 h per week). A PA score (1–5) incorporating intensity and duration was calculated. Associations between PA score and tumour characteristics such as stage, histological grade, nodal and hormone receptor status were examined using multinomial regression. Moreover, 10-year overall survival was estimated using Cox regression analysis in 6572 patients after excluding patients with invalid survival data and stage IV disease. Breast tumours associated with higher PA score were more likely to be non-invasive (ORinvasive vs. non-invasive(reference) [95% CI]: 0.71 [0.58–0.87], p-trend = 0.001), of lower grade (ORpoorly vs. well differentiated(reference): 0.69 [0.52–0.93], p = 0.014), ER-positive (ORER-negative vs. ER-positive(reference): 0.94 [0.89–1.00], p-trend = 0.049), PR-positive (ORPR-negative vs. PR-positive(reference): 0.82 [0.67–0.99], p = 0.041), HER2-negative (ORHER2-negative vs. HER2-positive(reference): 1.29 [1.02–1.62], p-trend = 0.002), and less likely to be of HER2-overexpressed subtype (ORHER2-overexpressed vs. Luminal A(reference): 0.89 [0.81–0.98], p-trend = 0.018). These associations (odds ratios) were more pronounced among post-menopausal patients. A higher PA score did not improve survival. Higher levels of pre-diagnostic PA were associated with less aggressive tumours in BC patients. This illustrated another benefit of PA in addition to its known role in BC risk reduction.
Polydopamine-Coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: From Design to Applications

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been extensively investigated due to their applications in various fields such as biomedicine, sensing, and environmental remediation. However, they need to be coated with a suitable material in order to make them biocompatible and to add new functionalities on their surface. This review is intended to give a comprehensive overview of recent advantages and applications of iron oxide nanoparticles coated by polydopamine film. The synthesis method of magnetic nanoparticles, their functionalization with bioinspired materials and (in particular) with polydopamine are discussed. Finally, some interesting applications of polydopamine-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles will be pointed out.
Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Performance

Emotional intelligence (EQ) is more important than one's intelligence (IQ) in attaining success in their lives and careers. As an individual our success and the success of the profession today depend on our ability to read other people's signals or cognition and react appropriately to them. Over the past few decades there has been tremendous growth in Emotional Intelligence research. It has been learned that since Emotional Intelligence is not a trait, appropriate intervention programmes can inculcate a combination of dynamic skills required for the same. Emotional Intelligence is an essential factor to be considered in an organizational setup. The present study is an attempt to determine the influence of Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Performance. The findings of this research proved that emotional intelligence improves with age, education and experience. The awareness of emotions has a greater impact on employee performance.