Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Exercise Power-Duration Relationship is Equally Reproducible in Eumenorrheic Female and Male Humans.

PURPOSE To investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle (MC) on exercise performance across the power-duration relationship (PDR). We hypothesized females would exhibit greater variability in the PDR across the MC than males across a similar timespan, with critical power (CP) and Work-prime (W') being lower during the early follicular phase than the late follicular and mid-luteal phases. METHODS Seven eumenorrheic, endurance-trained female adults performed multiple constant-load-to-task-failure and maximum-power tests at three time points across the MC (early follicular, late follicular, mid-luteal phases). Ten endurance-trained male adults performed the same tests approximately 10 days apart. RESULTS No differences across the PDR were observed between MC phases (CP: 186.74 ± 31.00 W, P = 0.955, CV = 0.81 ± 0.65 %) (W': 7,961.81 ± 2,537.68 J, P = 0.476, CV = 10.48 ± 3.06 %). CP was similar for male and female subjects (11.82 ± 1.42 W • kg-1 vs. 11.56 ± 1.51 W • kg-1, respectively) when controlling for leg lean mass. However, W' was larger (P = 0.047) for male subjects (617.28 ± 130.10 J • kg-1) than female subjects (490.03 ± 136.70 J • kg-1) when controlling for leg lean mass. CONCLUSION MC phase does not need to be controlled when conducting aerobic endurance performance research on eumenorrheic female subjects without menstrual dysfunction. Nevertheless, several sex differences in the power-duration relationship exist, even after normalizing for body composition. Therefore, previous studies describing the physiology of exercise performance in male subjects may not perfectly describe that of female subjects.
Confinement factor and absorption loss of AlInGaN based laser diodes emitting from ultraviolet to green

Confinement factor and absorption loss of AlInGaN based multiquantum well laser diodes (LDs) were investigated by numerical simulation based on a two-dimensional waveguide model. The simulation results indicate that an increased ridge height of the waveguide structure can enhance the lateral optical confinement and reduce the threshold current. For 405 nm violet LDs, the effects of p-AlGaN cladding layer composition and thickness on confinement factor and absorption loss were analyzed. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation analysis. Compared to violet LD, the confinement factors of 450 nm blue LD and 530 nm green LD were much lower. Using InGaN as waveguide layers that has higher refractive index than GaN will effectively enhance the optical confinement for blue and green LDs. The LDs based on nonpolar substrate allow for thick well layers and will increase the confinement factor several times. Furthermore, the confinement factor is less sensitive to alloys composition of waveguide and cladding layers, being an advantage especially important for ultraviolet and green LDs.
Does intellectual capital affect firm performance through financial policy?

This study aims to examine the role of financial policies in the influence of intellectual capital on company performance conducted on 14 pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data obtained is processed using warp pls software 7.0. The results show that intellectual capital has a negative and significant effect on financial policy, while intellectual capital has a significant positive effect on company performance. Furthermore, the financial policy has a significant positive effect on company performance. Keywords: Intellectual capital, financial policy, firm performance
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ASYMPTOTIC EFFICIENCY OF SOME SEQUENTIAL PROBABILITY RATIO TESTS

Summary This paper gives a method for decomposing many sequential probability ratio tests into smaller independent components called “modules”. A function of some characteristics of modules can be used to determine the asymptotically most efficient of a set of statistical tests in which a, the probability of type I error equals β, the probability of type II error. The same test is seen also to give the asymptotically most efficient of the corresponding set of tests in which a is not equal to β. The “module” method is used to give an explanation for the super-efficiency of the play-the-winner and play-the-loser rules in two-sample binomial sampling. An example showing how complex cases can be analysed numerically using this method is also given.
Personality Determinants of Eating Behaviours among an Elite Group of Polish Athletes Training in Team Sports

The nutritional behaviours of athletes are determined by environmental and individual factors. The aim of the research was to analyse the personality determinants of the eating behaviour among an elite group of Polish athletes training in team sports. The research was conducted among 213 athletes, using a proprietary validated nutritional behaviour questionnaire and the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R Personality Inventory). Statistical analysis was performed with the use of Pearson’s linear and Spearman’s signed rank correlation coefficients, as well as multiple regression evaluation, assuming the significance level of α = 0.05. It was shown that the overall index of proper eating behaviour increased with increasing neuroticism (r = 0.132) and decreased with increasing openness to experience (r = −0.143). When assessing individual nutritional behaviours, it was indicated, among others, that with increasing neuroticism, athletes more often avoided energy drinks (R = 0.173), and with increasing extraversion, they more frequently consumed vegetables at least twice a day (R = 0.154). At the same time, the consumption of raw vegetables (R = −0.153), 2–3 portions of vegetables and fruit per day (R = −0.157) and the limitation of sweet and salty snacks (R = −0.152) decreased along with an increase in openness. On the other hand, with increasing conscientiousness, the regular consumption of meals (R = 0.186), dairy products (R = 0.143) and the reduction of sweet and salty snacks (R = 0.148) increased. The model built on the basis of the Big Five personality traits explained, to a very large extent (approx. 99%), variance concerning the general index of normal eating behaviour among athletes. The predictive significance of the personality traits presented in the Big Five model was demonstrated in relation to the quality of nutritional choices among Polish athletes competitively training in team sports, which may be used to personalise the dietary education of athletes.
The derivation of a numerical diagnostic model for the forcing of the geopotential

Simply applying the divergence operator to the horizontal velocity equation in spherical‐isobaric coordinates yields a more solvable linear geopotential equation (than the geopotential tendency and the omega equations) for diagnosing the geopotential and its anomalies responsible for global floods and droughts. This geopotential model is freed from the zero‐denominator problem caused by the observed neutral stability which affects the geopotential tendency and omega equations. The geopotential equation's forcing terms 2–5 (the direct operation results of the horizontal advection term in the velocity equation) can identify the synoptic signals mixed up by the classical divergence equation's quadratic and Jacobian terms (the manipulated results of the above terms 2–5). Solving this geopotential equation with the successive‐over‐relaxation method and the neutral stability as calculated from the reanalysis data produces reasonably good reconstructions of the global and local geopotential fields. The additional advantages of the present geopotential model over the geopotential tendency, omega and divergence models are that the geopotential model reveals and explains the following mechanisms which received less attention in previous studies. (1) The saddle patterns favour the high systems. (2) The equatorial easterlies favour the low systems. (3) The contributions of ageostrophic processes associated with jets and saddle flows to the transitions of weather patterns might be overlooked by the geopotential tendency model in which neutral stability and static instability in cold domes as well as jet‐induced inertial instability are smoothed out artificially. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Quantum Mechanical Calculations of Redox Potentials of the Metal Clusters in Nitrogenase

We have calculated redox potentials of the two metal clusters in Mo-nitrogenase with quantum mechanical (QM) calculations. We employ an approach calibrated for iron–sulfur clusters with 1–4 Fe ions, involving QM-cluster calculations in continuum solvent and large QM systems (400–500 atoms), based on structures from combined QM and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) geometry optimisations. Calculations on the P-cluster show that we can reproduce the experimental redox potentials within 0.33 V. This is similar to the accuracy obtained for the smaller clusters, although two of the redox reactions involve also proton transfer. The calculated P1+/PN redox potential is nearly the same independently of whether P1+ is protonated or deprotonated, explaining why redox titrations do not show any pH dependence. For the FeMo cluster, the calculations clearly show that the formal oxidation state of the cluster in the resting E0 state is MoIIIFe3IIFe4III , in agreement with previous experimental studies and QM calculations. Moreover, the redox potentials of the first five E0–E4 states are nearly constant, as is expected if the electrons are delivered by the same site (the P-cluster). However, the redox potentials are insensitive to the formal oxidation states of the Fe ion (i.e., whether the added protons bind to sulfide or Fe ions). Finally, we show that the later (E4–E8) states of the reaction mechanism have redox potential that are more positive (i.e., more exothermic) than that of the E0/E1 couple.
The Mediation Effect of Customer Satisfaction on the Relationship between Product Quality, Perceived Price Justice and Customer Loyalty

This study aimed to examine the effect of mediation, satisfaction, and the relationship between product quality, perceived fair prices, and customer loyalty. With a sample size of 400, the study was conducted at Telkomcel in Dili, Timor-Leste. The data collection of this study used a questionnaire adopted by previous studies, and data analysis used SMART-PLS 3.0. The findings of this study indicated that product quality has no significant effect on the loyalty of the customer. Still, the perception of a fair price that is satisfied by the customer significantly affects the loyalty of the customer. The customer is satisfied with the significant mediating effect on the relationship between product quality and fair perception of the customer's loyalty. This research has implications for product quality, perception of reasonable prices, and customer loyalty.
Near-field imaging of periodic inhomogeneous media

This paper is concerned with the inverse electromagnetic scattering problem by a periodic structure in the two-dimensional transverse electric (TE) polarization case. The structure is assumed to separate the whole space into three parts: the medium above and below the structure is assumed to be homogeneous, and the medium inside the structure is assumed to be inhomogeneous with the refractive index. The inverse problem recovers the refractive index from knowledge of the scattered field measured on a straight line above and below the periodic structure, corresponding to several incident plane waves with different incident angles. This inverse problem is reformulated as a regularized optimization problem, and a quasi-Newton method is developed to numerically solve this optimization problem. To overcome the severe ill-posedness of the inverse problem and to get high-resolution imaging of the refractive index, we utilize a continuation technique with multiple wave numbers, taking the Born approximation as the initial guess. In each iteration step, a fast integral equation method is used to solve the direct problem. Several numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the inversion algorithm.
Assessment of the Critical Care Work Environment of Intensive Care Unit Nurses in Saudi Arabia

Background Nurses play a major role in the delivery of complex and challenging critical care in intensive care units (ICUs). Assessment of work environment is essential indicators of hospital management and can be applied to workforce planning and identifying nursing profession needs. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) recognized six standards for a healthy work environment and developed the Healthy Work Environment Assessment Tool (HWEAT). The aim of this study was to assess the work environment of ICU nurses in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at public and private hospitals. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that included the sociodemographic characteristics and the AACN HWEAT. Data were analyzed to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics. The Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were employed to compare demographic data, on the basis of the overall mean HWEAT score. Results The study participants were 238 ICU nurses, who were predominantly female (83%). The mean overall HWEAT score was 3.55±1.03, which is within the “good” range, and was higher for male nurses (3.66), nurses aged ≥41 years (3.76), and nurses with postgraduate education (4.04), work experiences of >10 years (3.63), and alternate work shifts (3.6). Nurses in private hospitals had significantly higher overall scores than nurses in public hospitals (3.83 vs 3.19, P<0.001). All HWEAT standards (“effective decision-making”, “authentic leadership”, “appropriate staffing”, “true collaboration”, “skilled communication”, and “meaningful recognition”) were rated as good (mean range, 3.43–3.63). Conclusion The study results could assist hospitals in prioritizing the adoption of AACN HWE standards. A target benchmark of “good” was established for both the overall score and each standard, which indicates a good work environment as perceived by ICU nurses. In Addition, interpersonal differences should be considered when developing improvement initiatives.
Investigations of a Winter Mountain Storm in Utah. Part II: Mesoscale Structure, Supercooled Liquid Water Development, and Precipitation Processes

Abstract A comprehensive analysis of a deep winter storm system during its passage over the Tushar Mountains of southwestern Utah is reported. The case study, drawn from the 1985 Utah/NOAA cooperative weather modification experiment, is divided into descriptions of the synoptic and kinematic properties in Part I, and storm structure and composition here in Part II. In future parts of this series, the turbulence structure and indicated cloud seeding potential will be evaluated. The analysis presented here in Part II focuses on multiple remote sensor and surface microphysical observations collected from a midbarrier (2.57 km MSL) field site. The collocated remote sensors were a dual-channel microwave radiometer, a polarization lidar, and a Ka-band Doppler radar. These data are supplemented by upwind, valley-based C-band Doppler radar observations, which provided a considerably larger-scale view of the storm. In general, storm properties above the barrier were either dominated by barrier-level orographic clo.
A Novel Molecular Signature of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Pancreatic Cancer

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a prominent population of stromal cells, play a crucial role in tumor progression, prognosis, and treatment response. However, the relationship among CAF-based molecular signatures, clinical outcomes, and tumor microenvironment infiltration remains largely elusive in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we collected multicenter PC data and performed integrated analysis to investigate the role of CAF-related genes (CRGs) in PC. Firstly, we demonstrated that α-SMA+ CAFs were the most prominent stromal components and correlated with the poor survival rates of PC patients in our tissue microarrays. Then, we discriminated two diverse molecular subtypes (CAF clusters A and B) and revealed the significant differences in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), four reported CAF subpopulations, clinical characteristics, and prognosis in PC samples. Furthermore, we analyzed their association with the immunotherapy response of PC patients. Lastly, a CRG score was constructed to predict prognosis, immunotherapy responses, and chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer patients. In summary, these findings provide insights into further research targeting CAFs and their TME, and they pave a new road for the prognosis evaluation and individualized treatment of PC patients.
Cu Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Study of CuGeO3.

We have observed the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) of Cu in the spin-Peierls system CuGeO 3 . The NQR signals have been observed at 34.23±0.02 MHz for 63 Cu and 31.66±0.02 MHz for 65 Cu at 4.2 K under zero external field. These signals persist down to 1.3 K with neither line splitting nor broadening due to the internal magnetic field. This fact indicates there is no long-range order of Cu spins. The 63 Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 63 (1/ T 1 ) rapidly drops below 15 K which clearly demonstrates an opening of the energy gap in the excitation spectrum. However, no anomaly was detected in the Cu NQR frequency at the transition temperature. It was also found that 63 (1/ T 1 ) above 15 K smoothly extrapolates to a finite value at 0 K. This may suggest the spin dynamics in the paramagnetic state is described in terms of the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with S =1/2.
Teleconnection between Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Activity

The geomagnetic field of the earth shields the earth from the hazards of solar wind which is constantly buffeting the earth making the geomagnetic field assume a comet-like shape. In this paper, interplanetary and geomagnetic data were simultaneously analyzed for the period of the solar cycle 24. The analyses allowed us to determine any teleconnections between the solar wind and geomagnetic activity within the period. Results of the analyses show that solar wind and geomagnetic activity are highly connected at high latitudes but the same cannot be said for mid and low latitudes. Any correspondence between geomagnetic activity indices and solar wind parameters are mere coincidences.
EFFECT OF GA3 TREATMENT ON OSMOTIC-STRESSED JOJOBA SEEDLINGS: I-VEGETATIVE GROWTH

: This Experiment was conducted during the 2003 and 2004 seasons to study the effect of GA 3 on Jojoba ( Simmondsia chinensis , Link) seedlings which grown under osmotic stress. One-year old seedlings were grown in soil contains 0.0, 0.4 or 0.8% of NaCl + CaCl 2 , (1:1 by weight) and irrigated up to 60, 80 or 100% of FC. Plants were sprayed 4 times with GA 3 at 0, 50 and 100 ppm to alleviate water and/or salt stress. Vegetative growth; plant height, stem diameter and stem and leaves fresh and dry weight, were gradually augmented by increasing FC up to 100%. On the contrary, root length as well as fresh and dry weights of roots were gradually reduced with the gradual increase in water supply. Growth of jojoba seedling responded negatively to salinity stress, this reduction in growth parameters was gradual up to the highest level (0.8%). GA 3 treatment significantly improved all investigated plant growth parameters except stem diameter. Treatment with 100 ppm GA 3 gave the tallest plants, deepest root system, and heaviest fresh and dry weights of stem, leaves and roots. GA 3 significantly alleviated the diverse impact of water and/or salt stress. The reduction in plant height, stem and leaves dry weight in the first season for plants grow in soil with 60% FC and 0.8% salt, compared with plants grow in soil with 100% FC and 0.0% salinity was 26.84, 51.71 and 107.45%, respectively. However, the equivalent values when the same plants which treated with 100 ppm GA 3 were 4.43, 32.03 and 74.70% respectively. Also, root length of plant grown in soil with 0.8% salinity and 60% FC was increased by 33.04% due to 100 ppm GA 3 . The highest values of plant height, fresh and dry weights of stem and leaves were obtained due to treatment with 100% FC, 0.0% salinity and 100 ppm GA 3 . Whereas, highest values of fresh and dry weight of roots being for plants treated with 100% FC, 0.0% salinity and 100 ppm GA 3 . So that, it is recommended to irrigate jojoba seedling up to 100% FC and with spraying 100 ppm GA 3 to achieve highest growth values especially under salt stress.
Acute periapical abscesses in patients with herpes simplex type 1 and herpes zoster

Aim: To assess the prevalence of acute periapical abscesses (PAs) in patients infected with herpes simplex type 1 (HS-1) and herpes zoster (HZ). Materials and methods: Integrated data of hospital patients was used. History of HS-1 and HZ diagnosis was retrieved by searching the appropriate query in the database. All cases were diagnosed for acute PAs by calibrated dentists in a hospital setting for patients admitted to urgent care. Diagnosis was made based on clinical examination and imaging data confirming the diagnosis of acute PAs without sinus tract. The odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of acute PAs and its association with history of HS-1 and HZ were then calculated. Results: The prevalence of acute PAs in patients with a history HS-1 was 2.43% as compared to 0.59% in the general patient population of the hospital. The OR was 4.12 and the difference in prevalence was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of acute PAs in patients with a history HZ was 2.78% as compared to 0.59% in the general patient population of the hospital. The OR was 4.71 and the difference in prevalence was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, it appears that the prevalence of acute PAs is significantly higher in patients with a history of HS-1 and HZ infections and may warrant an antiviral therapy in certain resistant periapical abscesses.
Characterization of SrRuO3 thin film grown by laser ablation at temperatures above 400 °C

Structural and electrical properties of SrRuO3 thin films grown at various temperatures (Td) were investigated. The films grew epitaxially when Td≧350 °C. The dependences of crystallinity, conductivity, and carrier density on temperature were less pronounced when Td was above 400 °C, whereas crystallinity and conductivity were markedly degraded with decreasing Td when Td≦400 °C. Owing to this unique dependence, SrRuO3 thin film deposited at Td as low as 400 °C showed an acceptable quality for application to electronic devices. For the SrRuO3/SrTiO3/SrRuO3 trilayered capacitor structure, when the top SrRuO3 layer was grown at 400 °C, a symmetric permittivity–voltage curve was observed and the SrRuO3 permittivity value of 340 e0 was obtained. When the top SrRuO3 layer was grown at 600 °C, the permittivity value of SrTiO3 decreased and even a slight asymmetry of the permittivity–voltage curve could ever be observed. This indicates that the lower temperature deposition of SrRuO3 thin film causes less interfac.