Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOMETRIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE UNIT‐OF‐ANALYSIS PROBLEM (WITH EXAMPLES FROM THE MEASUREMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE)

It will be useful for the purposes of this paper to distinguish between two analytic phases of the research process which I will call the psychometric and the study phases. The former phase refers to those analyses aimed at assessing the qualities of the measurement devices. The study phase refers to those efforts which take the measures as given and pursue statistical analyses relevant to the research questions. Research methodologists in education have been concerned for some time with the need to carefully identify the appropriate unit of analysis, but primarily in the study phase and in the context of experimental and quasi-experimental designs involving intact classrooms. Yet, when it comes to practice, researchers have persisted in performing regression analyses (usually in the form of simple correlations or analyses of variance) across individuals, even though these individuals are nested in one or more grouping factors directly relevant to the investigation. Furthermore, and of particular interest to the present paper, when such grouping factors exist and empirical investigation of the dimensionality in a set of items is of interest-the psychometric phase-item analyses and/or factor analyses are invariably done using covariance and/or correlation matrices computed over all individuals regardless of group membership. Computing indices of relationships between variables across individuals ignoring possibly relevant grouping factors can be referred to as the total analysis. But there are two other very distinct types of analyses inherent in the same data, viz., the within and between analyses. The within analysis is also an individually-based approach, but one in which group differences are held constant. This is accomplished by computing correlations across individuals within each group separately and, if appropriate, "averaging" these correlations across groups for a pooled-within analysis. The between approach, on the other hand, uses the group as the unit-of-analysis. This is accomplished by first computing means on the variables (other aggregate measures certainly are possible but rarely used) across individuals within each group. Then correlations are computed across groups using these group means. The within and between approaches can produce very different results, with the total analysis being a combination of the two. (This follows directly from the well-known partitioning of the total sum of squares into statistically independent between and within additive component sums of squares.) The unit-of-analysis "problem", then, becomes a decision concerning which one, or
Barriers to vaccination in immunocompromised children: A needs assessment in children with childhood-onset SLE and inflammatory bowel disease

Background Vaccination of immunocompromised children (ICC) remains suboptimal. Methods Needs assessment surveys were administered to patients and caregivers during routine ambulatory visits to the rheumatology and gastroenterology clinics at Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) from January 1 through August 31, 2018, and to community primary care physicians (PCPs) at their monthly meeting and electronically. Results Completed surveys were received for 57 patients (31 with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) and 26 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)) and 30 PCPs. Of the patient cohort, 93% (n = 53) felt their PCP was well informed about vaccines and 84% (n = 47) received vaccinations from either their PCP or local health department. Two patient surveys noted concerns of vaccine safety. Among the 30 responses completed by PCPs 50% (n = 15) preferred to provide all vaccines themselves, however, only 40% (n = 12) of PCPs felt “very confident” when providing vaccines to ICC. Further, 83% (n = 25) did not stock the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine and only 27% (n = 8) routinely recommended vaccination of household contacts. Conclusions Our study found a discordance between parent and PCP comfort in vaccinating ICC, highlighting an important barrier to vaccination in this patient population. In our cohort of patients, vaccine hesitancy was not a barrier to vaccination.
Multiresolution expansion in

Abstract We study multiresolution expansion {E j f} j∈ℕ, , 1≤q≤∞, defined via scaling function with prescribed order of regularity. It is shown that {E j f} j∈ℕ converge to f in as j→∞. As an application, we give Abelian- and Tauberian-type theorems for the quasi-asymptotic behaviour at infinity of
Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs of the Adriatic Sea

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs are a newly discovered member of the bacterial community in the Adriatic Sea. During the last seven years, when we started to study these organisms, we have collected a considerable number of samples from different environments, from the coast, the estuary, and the open sea. Here we have compiled data from 34 georeferenced study sites from four studies that summarize all that is known about aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs and examine the spatial and vertical distribution and environmental factors affecting this community in the Adriatic Sea. We found horizontal and vertical influences on AAP distribution, mainly salinity, nitrates, chlorophyll a, ammonium, temperature, and soluble reactive phosphorus. Much is known about their ecology in the Adriatic, and with a new survey underway, we will expand our knowledge of their community composition and their role in carbon flux to higher trophic levels.
The deceleration of relativistic jets by entrainment

Simulations are performed of steady, two-dimensional relativistic jets incorporating the effects of mass entrainment. The form used for the mass source is the stellar wind entrainment model of Komissarov. We present a detailed study of the dynamical effects of entraining 'cool' (thermally sub-relativistic) material into 'hot' (thermally relativistic) jets by performing a series of pertinent simulations with levels of stellar mass loss compatible with current models and typical stellar distributions for elliptical galaxies. Initially cool jets are shown to heat up as they entrain due to dissipation, whilst initially hot jets cool due to thermal dilution (i.e. the dissipation is not sufficient to heat the entrained material to the temperature of the main flow). All jets decelerate due to entrainment, some to sub-relativistic levels. Similarly, all jets show significantly greater opening angles than associated with adiabatic expansion. The dissipation associated with entrainment causes only modest loss of kinetic energy flux, and we show that relativistic jets are affected much less by dissipation than are classical flows. An explanation for the Fanaroff & Riley division of radio sources is suggested in terms of the initial jet temperature. All else being equal, initially hotter jets are shown to have lower energy fluxes than cooler flows, indicating that the former are more closely related to FR-I sources and the latter to FR-lls. This distinction is shown to be qualitatively compatible with inferred levels of deceleration in Mach number and Lorentz factor. An estimate of the surface brightness for the simulations is derived using a simple emissivity model. It is found that initially 'hot' jets often show a 'gap' in surface brightness similar to that observed on kiloparsec scales at the base of many FR-I sources.
Compact, broadband, and low-loss power splitters using MZI based on Bézier bends.

We experimentally demonstrate wavelength-independent couplers (WICs) based on an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) on a monolithic silicon-photonics platform in a commercial, 300-mm, CMOS foundry. We compare the performance of splitters based on MZIs consisting of circular and 3rd order (cubic) Bézier bends. A semi-analytical model is constructed in order to accurately calculate each device's response based on their specific geometry. The model is successfully tested via 3D-FDTD simulations and experimental characterization. The obtained experimental results demonstrate uniform performance across different wafer sites for various target splitting ratios. We also confirm the superior performance of the Bézier bend-based structure, compared to the circular bend-based structure both in terms of insertion loss (0.14 dB), and performance consistency throughout different wafer dies. The maximum deviation of the optimal device's splitting ratio is 0.6%, over a wavelength span of 100 nm. Moreover, the devices have a compact footprint of 36.3 × 3.8 μ m 2.
Electron and photon dissociation cross sections of the H2 singlet ungerade continua

Photodissociation cross sections and oscillator strengths for H2 from the X 1Σ+g (vi, Ji) levels to the continuum levels of the B 1Σ+u, C 1Πu, B, D′ 1Πu and 5pσ 1Σ+u states have been calculated. The (vi, Ji) state-specific electron impact dissociation cross sections to the continuum levels of these states have been obtained for the first time over a wide energy range using calculated continuum oscillator strengths along with previously published excitation functions of the Lyman and Werner bands. Estimated cross sections to the higher (n ⩾ 5) npσ 1Σ+u and npπ 1Πu continua are also provided. Both photon and electron impact excitation cross sections show strong dependences on the initial (vi, Ji) quantum numbers. Thermally averaged electron impact cross sections of all singlet ungerade states increase monotonically with temperature. While excitation to the B′ 1Σ+u continuum is the dominant dissociation channel at room temperature, the C 1Πu and B 1Σ+u continua become more important at high temperature (>5000 K). This work, along with the previous calculation of the B′ 1Σ+u and D 1Πu states by Liu et al (2009a J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42 185203), provides the complete electron impact dissociation cross section of H2 through the singlet ungerade continua. Electron dissociation cross sections of the singlet ungerade continua are provided for the purpose of modelling atmospheric heating, analysis of occultation measurements and the hot atomic hydrogen plume observed at Saturn.
Young Adults’ Perspectives on the Implications of an Augmented Reality Mobile Game for Communities’ Public Health: A Qualitative Study

Objectives: Several physical, psychological, and social health consequences are caused by smartphone users’ addiction to games. A location-based game (LBG), Pokémon GO, recently garnered significant attention from young people. This study aims to explore their experiences with this game and motivations for playing, investigating their perspectives on the game’s implications for themselves and the public health of their communities. Methods: Ten qualitative focus group interviews were conducted. Young adults, aged 18–25 years (n = 60), were recruited in Hong Kong. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach. Results: Five themes emerged: 1) missing out or self-regulation, 2) childhood memories of Pokémon, 3) extending virtual-reality exploration, 4) spending more time outdoors walking and exercising, and 5) getting together with others and social interaction. Conclusions: This study showcases the motivational factors of young adults and their cohorts in societies worldwide. LBGs may impact players’ physical and social activity levels, and behavior. Nonetheless, certain negatives were identified (i.e., addiction and behavior resulting from a loss of self-control). These negatives deserve health practitioners’ attention and future studies should explore possible public health interventions
Spatiotemporal dynamics of benthic bacterial communities in the Perdido Fold Belt, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico

This study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of surficial benthic microbial communities in a bathymetric gradient (44 - 3573 m) across four oceanographic campaigns at the Perdido Fold Belt (PFB) in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (nwGoM). Bioinformatic analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons grouped the 27 samples into three clusters according to a longitudinal bathymetric gradient. Differences in community structure among clusters, based on PERMANOVA analysis, were partially explained by cruise, water depth, temperature, salinity, nitrate plus nitrite, silicate, redox potential, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Al, as well by aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations. Into microbial community composition, Gemmatimonadaceae, Planctomycetaceae, and the JTB255 were detected at all depths across the four campaigns. Members of Anaerolinaceae and specific sulfate-reducing bacteria were more abundant in sites located between 43 and 1200 m, and Rhodospirillaceae, wb1-A12, OM1 clade, Desulfurellaceae, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospinaceae, and Clostridiaceae 1 were better represented in deeper sites. Alpha diversity was similar between the three groups and remained stable; however, 10 samples presented changes in the community structure across the four campaigns. Finally, a multivariable association analysis revealed 25 bacterial genera positively related with physicochemical parameters that characterized the environment from shallow to deep sea sites. Taken together, these results yield insights into the temporal stability of 17 of 27 sites in the PFB and revealed signature taxa with putatively ecological relevance in sedimentary environments.
Raman scattering by thin film nanomosaic rutile TiO2

Thin TiO2 films with rutile short-range atomic order grown at room temperature have a nanostructure of rectangular domains based on a faulted rutile structure. Raman scattering by nanomosaic rutile in single layer TiO2 and TiO2–Al2O3 nanolaminate films is reported here. In all architectures, the Eg phonon mode frequency is similar to bulk but the A1g mode frequency is significantly blueshifted. These results are different from published Raman scattering spectra of other nanocrystalline rutile TiO2. A model for nanomosaic rutile is presented in which TiO6 octahedra in the faulted regions are severely distorted with a lengthened equatorial Ti–O bond and a shortened apical Ti–O bond. The observed A1g mode blueshift is a consequence of the shortened apical bond.
Structure-dependent Photostability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Laboratory Studies and Astrophysical Implications

Following a previous experimental study of the photostability of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) this work extends to irregularly shaped PAHs, methyl-substituted PAHs, and related compounds. A photostability index R has been devised, which measures the propensity for H-loss of PAH monocations relative to that for regular catacondensed or pericondensed PAHs containing the same number of atoms. This index is also valid, to a good approximation, for neutral PAHs. Structural effects (presence of a methyl group; dihydro groups; H-H steric hindrance; degree of π conjugation; isomers) and size-dependent effects on R are demonstrated and discussed. Astrophysical applications of the propensity of PAH photodissociation include an estimation of the maximum amount of energy that can be deposited in the nascent parent PAH ion in H I regions, and an evaluation of the lower limit to the size of photostable PAHs in these regions, for various types of PAHs and their derivatives. The results provide a possible explanation for the existence of a limited number of PAHs in the ISM as required by the interstellar carbon budget determined by Snow & Witt. The information obtained is also relevant to interpretation of the presence and formation of PAHs and their methyl derivatives in meteoritic, micrometeoritic, cometary, and interplanetary particle materials.
Bayesian Approach to Life Testing and Reliability Estimation

Abstract Bayesian analysis of the exponential model, based on life tests that are terminated at preassigned time points or after preassigned number of failures, has been developed. For the prior distribution of the parameter involved, uniform, inverted gamma and exponential densities have been examined. The estimation of the reliability function has also been carried out by using Bayesian methods and the case of ‘attribute testing’ has been considered briefly. The role of prior quasi-densities when a life tester has no prior information has been illustrated and it has been observed that the reliability estimate for a diffuse prior which is uniform over the entire positive real line closely resembles the classical MVU estimate obtained by Pugh. It has also been noted that the Bayes estimate of the exponential parameter θ for a prior quasi-density of the form 1/θ2 coincides with the classical MVU estimate of Epstein and Sobel. Further, it has been proved that in a wide class of prior densities, proper or im.
Dynamics of Hodgkin–Huxley systems revisited

We consider the singularly perturbed Hodgkin–Huxley system subject to Neumann boundary conditions. We construct a family of exponential attractors {ℳε} which is continuous at ε = 0, ε being the parameter of perturbation. Moreover, this continuity result is obtained with respect to a metric independent of ε, compared with all previous results where the metric always depends on ε. In the latter case, one needs to consider more regular function spaces and more smoother absorbing sets. Our results show that we can construct and analyse the stability of exponential attractors in a natural phase-space as it is known for the global attractor. Also, a new proof of the upper semicontinuity of the global attractor 𝒜ε at ε = 0 is given.
Review: JAK2V617F Allele Burden in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Characterized by overproduction of differentiated cells of myeloid lineage, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Found in 95% of PV patients and 50-60% of ET and PMF patients, the JAK2V617F mutation is the most common molecular abnormality shared by the three MPN phenotypes. Although the JAK2 mutation is recommended for diagnosis of MPNs by the World Health Organization (WHO), its presence alone is insufficient to discriminate among the 3 subtypes. This implication of single mutation (JAK2V617F) in all three MPN phenotypes has long been an objective under question and several studies investigating on the gene dosage hypothesis have discovered the promising role of the JAK2V617F allele burden in MPN phenotype. The significant differences of the JAK2V617F allele burden in PV, ET and PMF patients as well its associations with specific clinical and haematological characteristics bear high utility in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. Although great strides have been achieved with the use of qPCR and new molecular biology techniques in allele burden quantification, addressing the deficits in the current understandings and further improvement of technology will be highly beneficial. Therefore, we have reviewed PubMed database from 2005 to 2022. Using keywords such as JAK2V617F mutation, Allele burden, Myeloproliferative neoplasms etc. and the present review discusses the significance of JAK2V617F allele burden in diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Stability and convergence of a class of enhanced strain methods

A stability and convergence analysis is presented of a recently proposed variational formulation and finite element method for elasticity, which incorporates an enhanced strain field. The analysis is carried out for problems posed on polygonal domains in $R^n $, the finite element meshes of which are generated by affine maps from a master element. The formulation incorporates as a special case the classical method of incompatible modes. The problem initially has three variables, viz, displacement, stress, and enhanced strain, but the stress is later eliminated by imposing a condition of orthogonality with respect to the enhanced strains. Two other conditions on the choice of finite element spaces ensure that the approximations are stable and convergent. Some features of nearly incompressible and incompressible problems are also investigated. For these cases it is possible to argue that locking will not occur, and that the only spurious pressures present are the so-called checkerboard modes. It is shown th.
Determination of the Total Phenolics Content and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Parts of Plants from the Greek Island of Crete

Oxidative damages are responsible for many adverse health effects and food deterioration. The use of antioxidant substances is well renowned, and as such, much emphasis is placed on their use. Since synthetic antioxidants exhibit potential adverse effects, plant-derived antioxidants are a preferable solution. Despite the myriads of plants that exist and the fact that numerous studies have been carried out so far, there are many species that have not been examined so far. Many plants under research exist in Greece. Trying to fill this research gap, the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of seventy methanolic extracts from parts of Greek plants were evaluated. The total phenolics content was measured by the Folin–Ciocalteau assay. Their antioxidant capacity was calculated by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging test, the Rancimat method based on conductometric measurements, and the thermoanalytical method DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). The tested samples were obtained from several parts of fifty-seven Greek plant species belonging to twenty-three different families. Both a remarkably high phenolic content (with gallic acid equivalents varying between 311.6 and 735.5 mg/g of extract) and radical scavenging activity (IC50 values ranged from 7.2 to 39.0 μg/mL) were found in the extract of the aerial parts of Cistus species (C. creticus subsp. creticus, C. creticus subsp. eriocephalus, C. monspeliensis, C. parviflorus and C. salviifolius), Cytinus taxa (C. hypocistis subsp. hypocistis, C. hypocistis subsp. orientalis and C. ruber), and Sarcopoterium spinosum. Furthermore, the sample of Cytinus ruber showed the highest protection factor (PF = 1.276) regarding the Rancimat method, which was similar to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (PF = 1.320). The results indicated that these plants are rich in antioxidant compounds, potentiating their use either as food additives to enhance the antioxidant properties of food products, or protect them from oxidation, or as sources for the preparation of food supplements with antioxidant properties.
Profiles and profile ratios in seyfert I galaxies

On a obtenu des spectres de grand rapport signal/bruit dans le but d'etudier les profils des raies d'emission larges. On considere trois effets de contamination qui tendent a affaiblir le cœur ou a renforcer les ailes des profils Hβ par rapport aux profils Hα