Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Utility of Complexed Prostate-specific Antigen in the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer in Nigerian Men

We evaluate the diagnostic utility of complexed prostate-specific antigen (cPSA) in the early biochemical detection of Prostate Cancer among Nigerian men in Calabar. This was a cross sectional descriptive study involving one hundred and twenty (120) male participants, in two groups of sixty, consecutively recruited from the Urology clinic within a one year period following approval from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. The first group of sixty (60) of the patients were clinically and histologically confirmed to have prostate cancer (PCa) and were treatment naive. While the second group of sixty (60) patients also clinically and histologically confirmed to have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were used as controls. Participants were between 50 and 80 years old. Sera were analyzed for complexed and total PSA using WKEA ELISA kits and read with STAT FAX 2100 micro plate reader. Values of complexed PSA were higher in prostate cancer than in BPH, with median values of 15.8 ng/mL and 0.9 ng/mL, respectively (P = .001). Similarly, median values of total PSA were higher in PCa (19.3 ng/mL) than in BPH (8.4 ng/mL), P = . 001. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses showed area under the curve (AUC) for cPSA to be 0.575, with a sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 62.7% at a cutoff of 1.0 ng/mL, while tPSA had AUC of 0.735, sensitivity of 75.7% and specificity of 64.4% at a different and higher cutoff above 10.0 ng/mL. Complexed and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) though both sensitive and specific for the biochemical prediction of prostate cancer have some variability with Complexed PSA being an early predictor of prostate cancer than total PSA. This is because complexed PSA was able to detect prostate cancer at very low cutoff value (1.0 ng/mL) when compared to tPSA that was able to detect prostate cancer at a higher cutoff value (>10.0 ng/mL) among Nigerian men. Therefore, complexed PSA is a good biomarker for early biochemical prediction of prostate cancer disease in Nigerian African men when total PSA levels are subclinical.
Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the subtribe Sonchinae (Asteraceae): evidence from ITS sequences

Sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to assess relationships among genera of subtribe Sonchinae (Lactuceae). The data suggest that Sonchinae is paraphyletic, and that the Dendroseridinae should not be recognized as a distinct subtribe. Several Macaronesian genera, along with woody Macaronesian species of Sonchus (all diploid, 2n = 18), appear to have been derived from a common ancestor. Prenanthes pendula is more closely related to this Macaronesian group than to other members of Prenanthes, suggesting that Prenanthes, like Sonchus, is polyphyletic. The Juan Fernandez Islands endemic genus Dendroseris (2n = 36) is monophyletic, but its phylogenetic relationships to other Sonchinae remain uncertain. Reichardia, which forms the sister genus of the Sonchinae, is also monophyletic. Launaea, by contrast, is considered to be paraphyletic. The monotypic genus Aetheorhiza (2n = 18) is sister to the annual weedy species of Sonchus, rather than being closely related to Launaea. Two monotypic endemic genera from New Zealand, Embergeria (2n = 36) and Kirkianella (2n = 90, 126), are sister genera, and together they form the sister clade to Sonchus arvensis-S. maritimus. This implies that these Pacific genera were derived either from section Arvenses or Maritimi of subgenus Sonchus, rather than from section Apseri.
Intercomparison of Magnitudes and Trends in Anthropogenic Surface Emissions From Bottom‐Up Inventories, Top‐Down Estimates, and Emission Scenarios

This study compares recent CO, NOx, NMVOC, SO2, BC, and OC anthropogenic emissions from several state‐of‐the‐art top‐down estimates to global and regional bottom‐up inventories and projections from five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in several regions. Results show that top‐down emissions derived in several recent studies exhibit similar uncertainty as bottom‐up inventories in some regions for certain species and even less in the case of Chinese CO emissions. In general, the largest discrepancies are found outside of regions such as the United States, Europe, and Japan where the most accurate and detailed information on emissions is available. In some regions such as China, which has recently undergone dynamical economic growth and changes in air quality regulations, the top‐down estimates better capture recent emission trends than global bottom‐up inventories. These results show the potential of top‐down estimates to complement bottom‐up inventories and to aide in the development of emission scenarios, particularly in regions where global inventories lack the necessary up‐to‐date and accurate information regarding regional activity data and emission factors such as Africa and India. Areas of future work aimed at quantifying and reducing uncertainty are also highlighted. A regional comparison of recent CO and NOx trends in the five SSPs indicate that SSP126, a strong pollution control scenario, best represents the trends from the top‐down and regional bottom‐up inventories in the United States, Europe, and China, while SSP460, a low‐pollution control scenario, lies closest to actual trends in West Africa. This analysis can be useful for air quality forecasting and near‐future pollution control/mitigation policy studies.
Identifying the Origins of the Little Divergence: Rare Events, Outbreaks of Peasants’ Revolts and Change in Labor Institutions in England

The identification of the periods and the key drivers of the genesis of the economic transformation of Northwestern Europe have been one of the most intriguing and controversial issues in economic history. This paper analyzes whether the Little Divergence in Europe could have begun from a very early period, during the times of the Black Death, focusing the attention in the England. Based on times series analysis and other econometric techniques, first, the paper finds that Holland and England respectively escaped from the dynamic of the rest European economies since 1430’s and 1470’s. After, the paper identifies three periods of breaking points, in which the first occurred around the year of 1380; the second period from 1427 to 1484, and the third period from 1500 to 1519. The first breakpoint around of 1380 was abrupt and explosive, while the last two periods occurred at a time when some of the key drivers of growth may could have begun to operate, such as changes in marriage and fertility, or the beginning of an urban agglomeration process. The paper discuss how the peasant revolt of 1381 could have contributed to reinforce the decline of serfdom, which had already begun since the first waves of the Black Death, and could have contributed to trigger all the process of growth.
Edhi Hapsari

Objective: To evaluate patients or parents cosmetic satisfaction rate after urethroplasty procedures in patients with hypospadia. Material & Method: We prospectively collected data from parents whose children underwent urethroplasty procedures in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital since early 2001 until mid 2009, within 18 years old age. Data collected were age, first and last time of operation, type of hypospadia, characteristic of hypospadia, technique used for urethroplasty and time of operation. We also asked questionnaire about parental background and Pediatric Penile Perception Score (PPPS) questions, which contains (1) Satisfaction in shape and position of the urethral meatus, (2) Satisfaction in penile glans appearance, (3) Satisfaction in penile skin appearance, (4) Satisfaction in overall penile appearance. Each question has 4 types of score: very satisfied is 3, satisfied is 2, unsatisfied is 1, and very unsatisfied is 0. Using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney statistical analysis, we analyzed the association between parental background, type of hypospadia, and technique used for urethroplasty with PPPS. Results: From 178 patients, 76 can be contacted. Mean age of first operation is 5,67 ± 3,66; mean PPPS for meatal appearance is 1,88 ± 0,46; mean PPPS for glans is 2,02 ± 0,32; mean PPPS for penile skin is 1,95 ± 0,39; mean PPPS for general appearance is 1,89 ± 0,45 and mean PPPS is 7,75 ± 1,31. Total PPPS based on type of hypospadia: distal hypospadia 8,1 ± 1,19; medial hypospadia 7,31 ± 1,10 and for proximal hypospadia 7,75 ± 1,32. Total PPPS based on operation technique: TIP 7,72 ± 1,17; Duckett 7,14 ± 1,35 and Onlay Island Flap 8,4 ± 1,8. Using Kruskal Wallis statistic analysis, parents satisfaction rate is significantly associated with monthly income and type of hypospadia (p<0,05). Conclusion: Overall, satisfaction rate of operation outcomes in proximal, medial and distal hypospadia are above average. There is significant association between PPPS with economic status and type of hypospadia.
Effect of Educational Program Regarding Brucellosis Among Blood Donors at Assiut University Hospital’s Blood Bank

Brucellosis is a serious community health problem and endemic disease in Egypt in both animal and human.Community health nurse had vital role to prevent & control of brucellosis. Aims: to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program about brucellosis among blood donors. Methodology: Quasi experimental design was used. This study was carried out at the main University hospital’s blood bank in Assiut. The studied sample selected by simple random sample who was 300 blood donors. An interview questionnaire was used which included their socioeconomic characteristics. Also, pretest was done by questions regarding knowledge, attitude and their reported practices about brucellosis to assess the effectiveness of the educational program through immediate posttest. Blood sample was collected from all blood donors and analyzed by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test to detect the positive cases Results: According to their residence all the studied sample from rural areas. The prevalence of brucellosis was 16 % among them. Regarding knowledge of studied blood donors about brucellosis, in pre test the mean score was 10.37±5.20 while after implementing the educational program the mean score increased to 27.37±2.37 with highly significant differences (P value= <0.001). The mean score of reported practices and attitude were(1.9±1.14, 13.31±2.05) respectively. Conclusion: Brucellosis is a community health problem in Assiut Governorate. The blood donors’ knowledge, attitude and practices were mostly poor and after completion of the program a significant improvement were achieved in the blood donors’ knowledge. Recommendation: Further researches are needed to update the individuals’ knowledge, positive attitude and appropriate practices about brucellosis.
Effectiveness of Video-assisted Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Management and Prevention of Febrile Seizure among Mothers of Children Aged under Five Years

Ab s t r Ac t Background: Febrile seizure is one of the cause for convulsion among children and is common in the age-groups of 1–5 years, with nearly 4% having minimum one episode of febrile convulsion. Educating mothers on the nature of the febrile seizure and home care is the most important aspect of the management. Video-assisted teaching is an awareness program for mothers of children aged under five on prevention and management of febrile seizure. Conceptual model used for the study was general system theory (Ludwig von Bertalanffy-1968). Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge on management and prevention of febrile seizure among mothers of children aged under five and evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on management and prevention of febrile seizure and associate the level of knowledge on management and prevention of febrile seizure with selected demographic variables of mothers with children aged under five. Materials and methods: The research approach was quantitative, the research design was preexperimental, a one group preand posttest design was used for the study. A sample was 100 mothers with children aged under five were selected through nonprobability convenient sampling method on knowledge regarding management and prevention of febrile seizure. It was assessed by structured questionnaire, where during the pretest the mothers of children aged under five were attended the video-assisted teaching regarding management and prevention of febrile seizure. Posttest data were collected after 1 week of implementation of video-assisted teaching. Results: The study results show that video-assisted teaching on febrile seizure among mothers of children aged under five was statistically highly significant at p value <0.001 level. Conclusion: The video-assisted teaching was effective and improved the knowledge regarding management and prevention of febrile seizure among mothers of children aged under five.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF SILDENAFIL IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the fatal and progressive conditions in ESRD patients, its prevalence among hemodialysis patients ranging from 19% to 70% and it is responsible for 50% of mortality rate. Aim of the Work: To evaluate the effect of sildenafil on pulmonary artery pressure and six minute walk test (6MWT) in hemodialysis patients with pulmonary hypertension and detection of safety and optimum dose of the drug. Patients and Methods: Prospective, Placebo Controlled, clinical trial involving 60 ESRD patients with pulmonary hypertension from January to May 2019.Results: Group 1 (20 patients) received 25 mg sildenafil, group 2 (20 patients) received 50 mg sildenafil and group 3 (20 patients)who received placebo for 3 months . There was significant increase in mean of 6 MWT after treatment among group 1 and 2 but there is nonsignificant change among placebo group. Estimated pulmonary artery pressure (e PAP) mean after treatment showed significant decrease among group 1,2 and 3. In group 1 there was 4 patients with mild PH , 13 with moderate, 3 with severe PH after treatment 5 patients downgraded from moderate to mild and 2 patients downgraded from severe to moderate . In group 2 there was 8 patients with mild PH, 6 patients with moderate and 4patients with severe PH after treatment 4 patients downgraded from moderate to mild PH and 2 patients downgraded from severe to moderate PH . In group 3 only one patient downgraded from moderate to mild PH. Conclusion: Our clinical trial confirmed efficiency of 50mg and 25mg sildenafil on improving e PAP and functional exercise capacity in ESRD patients with PH.
Investigating Teacher's Views and Perceptions About How to Improve Reading Comprehension Skills

This study aims to investigate teachers' views about improving reading comprehension skills. The study adopted the analytical descriptive method, the researcher collected data by using a questionnaire for (30) Sudanese University teachers. To analyze the data the researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPPS). The findings of the study revealed that EFL Sudanese university students encounter reading comprehension difficulties. In the light of the findings of the study , the researcher recommends that students should be aware of cognitive strategies of reading skills to become effective readers, moreover ,teachers should expose the students to socio-cultural, factual and contextual knowledge of the target language
A APLICAÇÃO DE HERBICIDAS PRÉ-EMERGENTES NA MODALIDADE PLANTE-E-APLIQUE FAVORECE O CONTROLE DE CARURU E POAIA-BRANCA NA CULTURA DA SOJA

The use of pre-emergent herbicides offers a promising alternative for proper management of difficult-to-control weed species in soybeans, such as white-eye ( Richardia brasiliensis Gomes), a glyphosate-tolerant species, and weeds in the Amaranthus genus (commonly referred to as pigweeds). Here, we aimed at determining whether weed control efficacy and crop selectivity are altered when pre-emergent herbicide applications take place either prior to, or right after crop sowing. To this end, field trials were conducted employing 10 preemergent herbicide treatments (plus an untreated control as well as an untreated, weed-free treatment), replicated four times and sprayed either before, or right after soybean sowing. Results indicate that the actual timing of pre-emergent herbicide spraying relative to soybean sowing significantly changed the weed control efficiency set forth by most herbicide active ingredients tested, with no change to their selectivity to crop plants whatsoever. Some herbicides (e.g. diclosulam, mesotrione, flumioxazin, and a flumioxazin + imazethapyr mixture), however, were equally effective for controlling white-eye and pigweeds regardless of application timing. Moreover, the only herbicide treatments allowing for satisfactory (>70%) control of all target weed species (white-eye, pigweeds, and black oats, Avena strigosa Schreb.) were flumioxazin and a flumioxazin + imazethapyr mixture. Spraying performed after sowing resulted in average yield gains of over 600 kg ha-1 relative to pre-sowing applications, possibly owing to better control of broadleaves. Altogether, this information is useful to soybean producers, as it does not lead to an increase in overall costs; instead, it only affects the timing of entry into the area for pre-emergent herbicide application.
Jurassic Evolution of the Northwestern Corner of Gondwana: Present Knowledge and Future Challenges in Studying Colombian Jurassic Rocks

Citation: Bayona, G. , Bustamante, C. , Nova, G. & Salazar–Franco, A.M. 2020. Jurassic evolution of the northwestern corner of Gondwana: Present knowledge and future challenges in studying Colombian Jurassic rocks. In: Gómez, J. & Pinilla–Pachon, A.O. (editors), The Geology of Colombia, Volume 2 Mesozoic. Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales 36, p. 171–207. Bogotá. https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019. 05 Published online 28 April 2020
Carriage of Multiple drug Resistant Bacteria in Vagina of Apparently Healthy Swamp Buffaloes in Nagaland

Received: Revised: Accepted: 2014–05–19 2014–06–02 2014–06–03 Isolation of multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria with potential of extended spectrum β– lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemase production from vaginal swabs of apparently healthy swamp buffaloes is reported for the first time. A total of 57 bacterial isolates belonging to 18 species were isolated from vaginal swabs of apparently healthy swamp buffaloes. Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria isolated from 68% samples followed by Enterobacter agglomerans (32%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16%), Erwinia amylovora (16%), Aeromonas media (12%), Alkaligenes denitrificans (12%) and Aeromonas hydrophila (8%). A total of 35.1 % isolates had MDR and 14 isolates were phenotypically confirmed as producer of crabapenemase or ESBL. Resistance to ampicillin was the most common (68.4%) followed by resistance to ceftazidime (33.3%), nitrofurantoin (31.6%) and cotrimoxazole (21.1%). Resistance to imipenem, aztreonam and ceftazidime + clavulanic acid was detected in 5, 5 and 9 isolates, respectively. The study conclude that vagina of swamp buffaloes may carry several microbes having multiple drug resistance without any apparent illness. All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers
P ATTERNS OF NECTAR PRODUCTION IN A SCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA ( A POCYNACEAE )

Milkweeds are important nectar resources for insects in the New World. In addition, nectar is the germination medium for milkweed pollen. This study is the first controlled, greenhouse examination of patterns of nectar production in a milkweed species. We measured nectar volume, concentration, and mg of sugar in the pantropical, weedy milkweed Asclepias curassavica. Our results show that A. curassavica secretes nectar primarily during daylight hours and it continues at a constant daily rate for four to five days. Freshly secreted nectar is lower in sugar concentration than older nectar. This provides an opportunity for milkweed pollen to germinate throughout the day, but pollen germination could be inhibited at times when the sugar concentration increases. Nectar production in A. curassavica is adapted to attract diurnal insect pollinators over several days and to allow pollen germination to occur quickly. Significant differences in nectar production exist among plants and inflorescences within plants. Nectar production increases in flowers when nectar is extracted using paper wicks that simulate removal by insects in nature. Removal-enhanced nectar production in milkweeds may allow plants to adjust resources to inflorescences receiving insect visitation. Significant inter-plant differences in nectar production and the unique milkweed flower provides a model system for examining the role of pollinator-mediated selection on nectar traits.
Infantile Central Myofibroma of the Mandible: A case report

Myofibromas of the oral region has a marked propensity to involve soft tissues primarily tongue, buccal mucosa, palate and floor of the mouth[4, 5]. Intraosseous involvement is rarely encountered with the mandible being more commonly affected than maxilla[6]. Clinically, oral myofibroma usually presents as an asymptomatic pink mass or a swelling that interferes with mastication[1]. Central lesions may follow a more aggressive course displacing teeth or developing tooth follicles, causing tooth mobility or may evolve into an exophytic oral mass secondary to cortical perforation[1, 7 9].
Studies on efficacy of pre-mix penoxsulam + pendimethalin on weed yield of direct seeded rice

The present investigation entitled “Sudies on efficacy of pre- mix penoxsulam + pendimethalin on weed growth, yield and economics of direct seeded rice” was carried out at Research cum Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur during kharif season of 2015. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture (Inceptisols), neutral in pH and has 0.44 % organic carban, low nitrogen, medium phosphorus and high potassium content. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The result of experiments indicated that the treatment Penoxsulam + Pendimethalin (10+240 g/l) SE @ 100 + 2400 g a.i. ha⁻¹ (T₅) registered maximum growth characters of rice like plant height, dry matter, number of tillers, leaf area, leaf area index, CGR.