Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(2,0) Theory and Higher Spin Twisting, Turning and Spinning Towards Higher Energies

This thesis investigates an enigmatic six-dimensional quantum theory known as (2,0) theory and a three dimensional conformal theory of higher spin. The former has resisted an explicit construction as a quantum field theory, yet its existence can be inferred from string theory and M-theory where it plays a prominent role. Theories of higher spin, only recently emerging with consistent formulations, also have intricate connections with string theory where they might provide insight into the high energy behaviour and have recently played an important part in holographic dualities. A deeper understanding of these theories is therefore an important challange that promise to provide new insight into string theory and the mathematical framework of theoretical physics in general. First the six dimensional (2,0) theory is investigated in terms of an explicit formulation of one free tensor multiplet on circle fibrations. The fibration geometry provides additional data in a compactification to five dimensions used to derive an interacting generalization. Topological twisting of the tensor multiplet is then carried out, resulting in an off-shell formulation making use of the Q-cohomology structure. The second part of the thesis concerns conformal higher spin in three dimensions, constructed as an extension of the gauge theory formulation of gravity. Using a computer tensor algebra system developed for this purpose, the full non-linear system is solved at the spin 3 level.
Physical preparation of the Australian national male field hockey team exceeded the movement demands of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games tournament

ABSTRACT This investigation explored differences in the pre-tournament preparation period relative to the movement demands of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games for the Australian male field-hockey team. Movement data was collected over 7 months prior to and during the 13-day Olympic tournament. Duration, distance (total; >80% individual peak velocity; >5 m.s−1), high-speed decelerations (>3.5 m.s−2), and total accelerations and decelerations (>2.5 m.s−2) were measured during each running-based session. A 13-day moving sum was calculated for each variable and compared to a player-specific “worst-case scenario” (WCS) for intra-tournament total movement demands. Summed 13-day movement demands exceeded the WCS for 6–58% of the preparation period across variables, for the entire squad. During the tournament, midfielders covered significantly greater sprint distance than Defenders (+84%,p = 0.020), with no other positional differences found. Greater variation in tournament movement demands was observed between players for accelerations, decelerations, and high-speed distance (CV = 19–46%) compared to duration and distance (CV = 4–9%). In conclusion, physical preparation exposed athletes to movement demands which surpassed WCS. Additionally, gross measures of training volume (duration and distance) are more generalisable to a squad; however, additional metrics such as sprint distance and high-speed decelerations are needed to better define positional and individual movement demands, and therefore, should be monitored by practitioners.
Epidemiology and etiology of brain cancer in Africa: A systematic review

Cancer is a significant threat to public health and a leading cause of morbidity across the globe. Of all cancers, brain cancer can be particularly catastrophic as treatment often fails to achieve the desired degree of effectiveness and diagnosis remains associated with a high mortality rate. Africa, as a continent with resource‐limited countries, needs to allocate the necessary proper healthcare infrastructure to significantly reduce cancer rates and improve patient survival. In addition, the relative paucity of data within this field in Africa makes effective management a challenge.
Ground Testing of the HyShot Supersonic Combustion Flight Experiment in HEG and Comparison with Flight Data (AIAA 2004–3345)

The first phase of the HyShot supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) flight experiment program of The University of Queensland in Australia was designed to provide benchmark data on supersonic combustion for a flight Mach number of approximately M=8. The second flight of the HyShot program, performed on July 30th 2002, was successful and supersonic combustion was observed along the specified trajectory range. The operating range of the High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel Gottingen (HEG) of the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) was recently extended. The facility now has the capability of testing a complete scramjet engine with internal combustion and external aerodynamics at M=7.8 flight con-ditions in altitudes of about 30 km. A post-flight analysis of the HyShot flight experiment was performed using an operational scramjet wind tunnel model with a geometry which is identical to that of the flight configuration.
Burnout in Academic Medicine: A Peripandemic Assessment

The impact of burnout on academic medicine has affected its 3 major missions—education, patient care, and research—in ways both similar to and dissimilar from the community practice of medicine. The authors have assessed major themes in the literature regarding burnout in health care professionals in academic medicine in the peripandemic periods—pre-, intra-, and postpandemic—to gain information on the impact of the pandemic on these perspectives. Additionally, burnout in military physicians, particularly in the military medicine academic community, was assessed to provide comparative perspectives on the factors of military training, personal resiliency, and unit cohesiveness on the development of, or resistance to, professional burnout. Overall, there are data to indicate an aggravation of burnout during the pandemic, but currently no long-term data to indicate a persistence of its effects over time on health care professionals beyond baseline prevalence identified prepandemic. Based on the assessments, recommendations are provided for future research, including clarification and standardization of the concepts of burnout, developing longitudinal studies on health care practitioner burnout status with preventive and/or mitigating interventions, and the special protection of certain professionals, including female physicians, physicians in training, and early-career faculty, including nonclinical researchers.
Design of antibody variable fragments with reduced reactivity to preexisting anti-drug antibodies

ABSTRACT Upon reformatting of an antibody to single-chain variable fragment format, a region in the former variable/constant domain interface of the heavy chain becomes accessible for preexisting (PE) anti-drug antibody (ADA) binding. The region exposed because of this reformatting contains a previously hidden hydrophobic patch. In this study, mutations are introduced in this region to reduce PE ADA reactivity and concomitantly reduce the hydrophobic patch. To enhance our understanding of the importance of individual residues in this region with respect to PE ADA reactivity, a total of 50 molecules for each of two antibodies against different tumor-associated antigens were designed, produced, and characterized by an arsenal of biophysical methods. The aim was to identify suitable mutations that reduce, or completely eliminate, PE ADA reactivity to variable fragments, without compromising biophysical and pharmacodynamic properties. Computational methods were used to pinpoint key residues to mutate and to evaluate designed molecules in silico, in order to reduce the number of molecules to produce and characterize experimentally. Mutation of two threonine residues, Thr101 and Thr146 in the variable heavy domain, proved to be critical to eliminate PE ADA reactivity. This may have important implications in optimizing early drug development for antibody fragment-based therapeutics.
On the Equivariant Formality of Kähler Manifolds With Finite Group Action

Abstract An appropriate definition of equivariant formality for spaces equipped with the action of a finite group G, and for equivariant maps between such spaces, is given. Kahler manifolds with holomorphic G-actions, and equivariant holomorphic maps between such Kàhler manifolds, are proven to be equivariantly formal, generalizing results of Deligne, Griffiths, Morgan, and Sullivan
Influence of needle design and irrigation depth in the presence of vapor lock: A computational fluid dynamics analysis in human oval roots with apical ramification

This paper aims to study the removal of a vapor lock located in the apical ramification of an oval distal root of a human mandibular molar, simulating different needles and irrigation depths with computational fluid dynamic. A geometric reconstruction of the micro‐CT of the molar shaped up to a WaveOne Gold Medium instrument was used. A vapor lock located in the apical 2 mm was incorporated. Geometries with positive pressure needles (side‐vented [SV], flat or front‐vented [FV] and notched [N]) and the EndoVac microcannula (MiC) were created to run the simulations. Irrigation key parameters (flow pattern, irrigant velocity, apical pressure, wall shear stress) and vapor lock removal were compared among the different simulations. Each needle behaved differently that is, FV removed the vapor lock from one ramification and had the highest apical pressure and shear stress values; SV removed the vapor lock in the main root canal but not in the ramification and reached the lowest apical pressure from the positive pressure needles; N was not able to completely remove the vapor lock and showed low apical pressure and shear stress; MiC removed the vapor lock from one ramification, had negative apical pressure and the lowest maximum shear stress. The main conclusion is that none of the needles showed complete removal of vapor lock. MiC, N, and FV were able to partially remove the vapor lock from one out of the three ramifications. However, SV needle was the only simulation that showed high shear stress with low apical pressure.
A spatiotemporal computational model of focused ultrasound heat-induced nano-sized drug delivery system in solid tumors

Abstract Focused Ultrasound (FUS)-triggered nano-sized drug delivery, as a smart stimuli-responsive system for treating solid tumors, is computationally investigated to enhance localized delivery of drug and treatment efficacy. Integration of thermosensitive liposome (TSL), as a doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded nanocarrier, and FUS, provides a promising drug delivery system. A fully coupled partial differential system of equations, including the Helmholtz equation for FUS propagation, bio-heat transfer, interstitial fluid flow, drug transport in tissue and cellular spaces, and a pharmacodynamic model is first presented for this treatment approach. Equations are then solved by finite element methods to calculate intracellular drug concentration and treatment efficacy. The main objective of this study is to present a multi-physics and multi-scale model to simulate drug release, transport, and delivery to solid tumors, followed by an analysis of how FUS exposure time and drug release rate affect these processes. Our findings not only show the capability of model to replicate this therapeutic approach, but also confirm the benefits of this treatment with an improvement of drug aggregation in tumor and reduction of drug delivery in healthy tissue. For instance, the survival fraction of tumor cells after this treatment dropped to 62.4%, because of a large amount of delivered drugs to cancer cells. Next, a combination of three release rates (ultrafast, fast, and slow) and FUS exposure times (10, 30, and 60 min) was examined. Area under curve (AUC) results show that the combination of 30 min FUS exposure and rapid drug release leads to a practical and effective therapeutic response.
Cost-effectiveness of FOLFOX6+Bevacizumab Versus FOLFOX6+Cetuximab in Stage IV Colorectal Cancer Patients in Shiraz, Iran

Background Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, with about one million cases diagnosed annually. Various treatment methods can be used to treat colorectal cancer, including chemotherapy with different drug regimens. Considering the need to opt for more effective and less expensive drugs in the treatment of this disease, the present study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of FOLFOX6+Bevacizumab with FOLFOX6+Cetuximab in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer referred to medical centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2021. Materials and Methods Using a decision tree, the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of the 2 drug regimens were compared in all studied patients through the census method. Having a societal perspective, this study considered direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs. The effectiveness indicators included the rate of major response to the drug combination used and the Quality-adjusted Life Year (QALY). The data were analyzed using Treeage 2011 and Excel 2016 software. In order to ensure the robustness of the results, one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed as well. Results The results showed that the expected costs, the effectiveness (major response rate), and the QALYs of the FOLFOX6+Bevacizumab drug regimen were $16746.13(USD), . 49, and . 19, respectively, and those of the FOLFOX6+Cetuximab regimen were, respectively, $15191.05 (USD), . 68, and . 22. Therefore, FOLFOX6+Cetuximab compared to FOLFOX6+Bevacizumab was less costly and more effective and had a greater QALY, thus being considered as the dominant option. Also, the results of the sensitivity analyses showed that there was a bit of uncertainty. Conclusion Considering that the FOLFOX6+Cetuximab regimen was more cost-effective, it is suggested to be prioritized in preparing clinical guidelines for Iranian colorectal cancer patients. In addition, increasing the basic and supplementary insurance coverage for this drug combination as well as the use of remote technology to guide patients by oncologists can be solutions to reduce direct and indirect costs of the patients.
Modelling of material pitting from cavitation bubble collapse

Abstract Material pitting from cavitation bubble collapse is investigated numerically including two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI). A hybrid numerical approach which links an incompressible boundary element method (BEM) solver and a compressible finite difference flow solver is applied to capture non-spherical bubble dynamics efficiently and accurately. The flow codes solve the fluid dynamics while intimately coupling the solution with a finite element structure code to enable simulation of the full FSI. During bubble collapse high impulsive pressures result from the impact of the bubble re-entrant jet on the material surface and from the collapse of the remaining bubble ring. A pit forms on the material surface when the impulsive pressure is large enough to result in high equivalent stresses exceeding the material yield stress. The results depend on bubble dynamics parameters such as the size of the bubble at its maximum volume, the bubble standoff distance from the material wall, and the pressure driving the bubble collapse. The effects of these parameters on the re-entrant jet, the following bubble ring collapse pressure, and the generated material pit characteristics are investigated.
Victims of Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review

Over the past two decades, technology-assisted child sexual abuse (TA-CSA) has become the focus of attention in politics, legislation, society, as well as research. However, the majority of literature and studies focus primarily on the offenders. This scoping review therefore aims to illustrate how victims of TA-CSA are represented in studies as primary participants. The databases Embase, PsychInfo, PSYNDEX, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science as well as reference lists were searched. Studies needed to be published between 2007 and 2021 and obtain data directly from and about victims to be included in this review. A total of 570 articles were identified from which 20 studies met inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that data can be obtained via different samples like adult and minor victims or other data such as legal documents or sexualized images. The studies researched different types of TA-CSA including exposure to pornographic material, online grooming leading to both online and offline sexual abuse, sexting and sexualized images, and the visual depiction of sexually explicit content. Consequences due to the abuse were of an emotional and psychological nature, medical or physical or impacted relationships, and the social environment. Even though the impact of the abuse on the victims appeared to be similar between different types of TA-CSA, much remains unknown. In order to gain further and more detailed insight into victims of TA-CSA, a universally accepted definition of TA-CSA as well as its different types and their distinctions needs to be established.
Artificial intelligence versus surgeon gestalt in predicting risk of emergency general surgery

The AI-based risk calculator #POTTER is superior to surgeons’ clinical gestalt in predicting postoperative morbidity & mortality after emergency general surgery. The accuracy of the surgeons’ risk estimates improves when #POTTER predictions is made available to them. BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) risk prediction algorithms such as the smartphone-available Predictive OpTimal Trees in Emergency Surgery Risk (POTTER) for emergency general surgery (EGS) are superior to traditional risk calculators because they account for complex nonlinear interactions between variables, but how they compare to surgeons’ gestalt remains unknown. Herein, we sought to: (1) compare POTTER to surgeons’ surgical risk estimation and (2) assess how POTTER influences surgeons' risk estimation. STUDY DESIGN A total of 150 patients who underwent EGS at a large quaternary care center between May 2018 and May 2019 were prospectively followed up for 30-day postoperative outcomes (mortality, septic shock, ventilator dependence, bleeding requiring transfusion, pneumonia), and clinical cases were systematically created representing their initial presentation. POTTER's outcome predictions for each case were also recorded. Thirty acute care surgeons with diverse practice settings and levels of experience were then randomized into two groups: 15 surgeons (SURG) were asked to predict the outcomes without access to POTTER's predictions while the remaining 15 (SURG-POTTER) were asked to predict the same outcomes after interacting with POTTER. Comparing to actual patient outcomes, the area under the curve (AUC) methodology was used to assess the predictive performance of (1) POTTER versus SURG, and (2) SURG versus SURG-POTTER. RESULTS POTTER outperformed SURG in predicting all outcomes (mortality—AUC: 0.880 vs. 0.841; ventilator dependence—AUC: 0.928 vs. 0.833; bleeding—AUC: 0.832 vs. 0.735; pneumonia—AUC: 0.837 vs. 0.753) except septic shock (AUC: 0.816 vs. 0.820). SURG-POTTER outperformed SURG in predicting mortality (AUC: 0.870 vs. 0.841), bleeding (AUC: 0.811 vs. 0.735), pneumonia (AUC: 0.803 vs. 0.753) but not septic shock (AUC: 0.712 vs. 0.820) or ventilator dependence (AUC: 0.834 vs. 0.833). CONCLUSION The AI risk calculator POTTER outperformed surgeons' gestalt in predicting the postoperative mortality and outcomes of EGS patients, and when used, improved the individual surgeons' risk prediction. Artificial intelligence algorithms, such as POTTER, could prove useful as a bedside adjunct to surgeons when preoperatively counseling patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level II.
Association of bone morphogenetic protein 10 and recurrent atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation

Abstract Aims Atrial remodelling, defined as a change in atrial structure, promotes atrial fibrillation (AF). Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) is an atrial-specific biomarker released to blood during atrial development and structural changes. We aimed to validate whether BMP10 is associated with AF recurrence after catheter ablation (CA) in a large cohort of patients. Methods and results We measured baseline BMP10 plasma concentrations in AF patients who underwent a first elective CA in the prospective Swiss-AF-PVI cohort study. The primary outcome was AF recurrence lasting longer than 30 s during a follow-up of 12 months. We constructed multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to determine the association of BMP10 and AF recurrence. A total of 1112 patients with AF (age 61 ± 10 years, 74% male, 60% paroxysmal AF) was included in our analysis. During 12 months of follow-up, 374 patients (34%) experienced AF recurrence. The probability for AF recurrence increased with increasing BMP10 concentration. In an unadjusted Cox proportional hazard model, a per-unit increase in log-transformed BMP10 was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.28 (95% CI 1.43; 3.62, P < 0.001) for AF recurrence. After multivariable adjustment, the HR of BMP10 for AF recurrence was 1.98 (95% CI 1.14; 3.42, P = 0.01), and there was a linear trend across BMP10 quartiles (P = 0.02 for linear trend). Conclusion The novel atrial-specific biomarker BMP10 was strongly associated with AF recurrence in patients undergoing CA for AF. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03718364; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03718364
New therapeutic strategies for Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary diseases – untapping the mycolic acid pathway

ABSTRACT Introduction Treatment options against Mycobacterium abscessus infections are very limited. New compounds are needed to cure M. abscessus pulmonary diseases. While the mycolic acid biosynthetic pathway has been largely exploited for the treatment of tuberculosis, this metabolic process has been overlooked in M. abscessus, although it offers many potential drug targets for the treatment of this opportunistic pathogen. Areas covered Herein, the authors review the role of the MmpL3 membrane protein and the enoyl-ACP reductase InhA involved in the transport and synthesis of mycolic acids, respectively. They discuss their importance as two major vulnerable drug targets in M. abscessus and report the activity of MmpL3 and InhA inhibitors. In particular, they focus on NITD−916, a direct InhA inhibitor against M. abscessus, particularly warranted in the context of multidrug resistance. Expert opinion There is an increasing body of evidence validating the mycolic acid pathway as an attractive drug target to be further exploited for M. abscessus lung disease treatments. The NITD−916 studies provide a proof-of-concept that direct inhibitors of InhA are efficient in vitro, in macrophages and in zebrafish. Future work is now required to improve the activity and pharmacological properties of these inhibitors and their evaluation in pre-clinical models.