Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Successive Software Up-Gradations with Faults of Different Severity

The intense global competition in the dynamic environment has lead to up-gradations of software product in the market. The software developers are trying very hard to project themselves as organizations that provide better value to their customers. One major way to increase the market presence is by offering new functionalities in the software periodically. To get the competitive edge it is critical to know the appropriate release of the software. The timing decision depends on whether companies are able to remove all the types of the faults lying inside the software. To capture the effect of faults due to existing software and those left in the software (due to their nature) at various points in time, we develop an up-gradation multi release software reliability growth model. This model uniquely identifies the faults left in the software when it is in operational phase during the testing of the new code i.e. developed while adding new features to the existing software. We examine the case where there exists two types of faults in the software; simple and hard and during testing the simple faults are removed by exponential rate whereas hard faults are removed by logistic rate. Results are supplemented by a numerical example.
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

The study investigated the influence of race in the demand for energy in South Africa using electricity as a case study. The driving force behind the study was to establish whether race still plays a role in access to energy in the country, 26 years into democracy. The study’s contribution is premised on influencing the development of policy that addresses energy inequality in South Africa and the world at large. Using the logistic regression analysis, the study found that race still plays a role in the demand for energy in South Africa. The odds of demand for electricity for the White population was 46.748 per cent higher than that of Blacks, Colored, and Indians combined. Other significant variables were gender, age of household head, net household income per month in Rand and household size. Despite constituting much of the populace in South Africa, the demand for electricity of the Black population was third compared to other races. Such findings reflect the reality that many of the Black households are suffering from energy poverty. Given these results, it is recommended that the South African government invests more in energy and alternative sources of clean energy such as solar and wind which can cater for much of the population.
Multifrequency theory of high power gyrotron oscillators

Abstract A multifrequency time dependent model for high power gyrotron oscillator operation is developed and presented. A computer code based on this model is then used to simulate recent experiments carried out at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The simulation code indicates that the probable cause for the degradation of efficiency observed in the experiment is mode competition.
Canonical Coordinates and Natural Equation for Lorentz Surfaces in $\mathbb R^3_1$

We consider Lorentz surfaces in $\mathbb R^3_1$ satisfying the condition $H^2-K\neq 0$, where $K$ and $H$ are the Gauss curvature and the mean curvature, respectively, and call them Lorentz surfaces of general type. For this class of surfaces we introduce special isotropic coordinates, which we call canonical, and show that the coefficient $F$ of the first fundamental form and the mean curvature $H$, expressed in terms of the canonical coordinates, satisfy a special integro-differential equation which we call a natural equation of the Lorentz surfaces of general type. Using this natural equation we prove a fundamental theorem of Bonnet type for Lorentz surfaces of general type. We consider the special cases of Lorentz surfaces of constant non-zero mean curvature and minimal Lorentz surfaces. Finally, we give examples of Lorentz surfaces illustrating the developed theory.
Precision Agriculture : Trends , Issues , and Application to Production in the U

Many farmers have invested heavily in precision agriculture technologies (e.g., variable rate planters and nutrient application systems) and continually seek ways to gain value from those systems. Coupling these tools with farm management information systems (FMIS) software to deploy and analyze on-farm research can help fill that void and allow farmers to optimize their crop inputs or possibly assess new services for input management. This article will discuss methods for successfully deploying such studies using precision agriculture technologies with specific emphasis on considerations related to design, data collection and analyses of trial data.
Investigation of the Behavior of Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous Concrete

Article history: Received 21 September 2019 Received in revised form 21 October 2019 Accepted 23 October 2019 Available online 26 January 2020 In this paper, silica fume and fly ash class F was used as a supplementary cementing material in cement mortars to evaluate several mechanical properties of SIFCON (Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous concrete) in the way of flexural, compressive and splitting strength which were determined using the standard test method, the impact load resistance was determined using a fabricated instrument described in body paper. plate specimens with dimension of 450mm×100mm×40mm were cast with micro steel fiber of 6% volume fraction were tested under impact load for assessment with references plates at 90 days of age. From the results of the outcome it was found that the performance of conventional mortar is much less than SIFCON specimens. The compressive, splitting, flexural strength and impact resistance for conventional mortar and SIFCON specimens were investigated, a significant development in impact resistance for SIFCON mix at first crack and failure, also the energy demand for the whole failure was which is increased by 9.97 times compared with the conventional mortar. Thus, this present paper displays that SIFCON can be utilized as a powerful option in different development purposes or where the concrete or natural steel fiber reinforce concrete can't execute surprisingly/needed or in situations where such greater strength is imperative and essential.
G LOBAL J OURNAL OF E NGINEERING S CIENCE AND R ESEARCHES A NOVEL APPROACH OF PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF SMART GRID BY KALMAN FILTER WITH TAYLOR EXPANSION

The use of dynamic state estimation methods such as the Kalman filter provides an optimal solution to the process of real-time data prediction and reduces the problem based on non-linearity. Various extensions such as unscented and the extended forms of Kalman filter have also been developed that specifically work on non-linear systems. The analysis of real-time data depends on Phasor Measuring Units (PMU) which plays a significant role in power transmission and distribution processes due to their ability to monitor the power flow within a network. The process of PMU-based monitoring improves the quality of the smart grid. Simultaneously, the implementation of PMU increases the dynamics of noise variance which further inflates the uncertainty in noise-based distribution. This paper presents a method to reduce the amount of uncertainty in noise by using a linear quadratic estimation method (LQE), usually known as Kalman filter along with Taylor expansion series but this process is time-consuming and is vulnerable to a large number of errors at the time of testing. The main reason behind this approach is the high complexity of the system which makes it very hard to derive the process. The proposed research adopts a methodology to work on covariance prior base estimation using Bayesian approach along with the estimation of dynamic polynomial prior by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The experimental analysis compares the results obtained from the basic Kalman filter, PSO optimized Kalman filter and Kalman filter Covariance Bayesian approach. Finally, the results obtained from the analysis highlights the fact that the PSO optimized Kalman filter is more effective than the Kalman filter with Covariance Bayesian approach
The Effect of Stiffened Floor and Roof Diaphragms on the Experimental Seismic Response of a Full-Scale Unreinforced Stone Masonry Building

An extensive experimental program was carried out at EUCENTRE, within a research project on the evaluation and reduction of the seismic vulnerability of stone masonry structures. The main part of the experimental program has been devoted to the shaking table tests on three full-scale, two-story, single-room prototype buildings made of undressed double-leaf stone masonry. The first building tested was representative of existing unreinforced stone masonry structures with flexible wooden diaphragms, without any specific anti-seismic design nor detailing. In the second and third buildings, strengthening interventions were simulated on structures theoretically identical to the first one, improving wall-to-floor and wall-to-roof connections and increasing diaphragm stiffness. In particular, in the third specimen, steel and r.c. ring beams were used to improve the diaphragm connection to the walls and collaborating r.c. slab and multi-layer plywood panels were used to stiffen floor and roof diaphragms, respectively. This article describes the strengthening interventions applied to the third building prototype and presents the experimental results obtained during the shaking table tests. The results obtained permitted the calibration of a macroelement model representative of the nonlinear behavior of the structure.
Influence of PQ disturbances on dynamic stability of isolated system

The goal of the paper is to assess the theoretical basis for power system dynamic stability analysis in the case of the occurrence of power quality disturbances such as unbalances, harmonics and interharmonics. This kind of pollution in the system currents and voltages can cause stability problems especially in isolated electric plants where small generators supply motor drives, static power converters or nonlinear loads. Some examples based on simulation activity show the influence of these disturbances on the dynamic stability of the generator.
State Capacity , Democracy , and Human Development The Significance of Conceptual Distinctions and Concept-consistent Measurement

State capacity, the state’s capacity to penetrate the society and implement policies, is a widely used concept; and there appears to be many positive effects of state capacity, including positive effects on human development. However, we should only expect state capacity to have an effect, if the will to prioritize a certain phenomenon, e.g., human development, is in place. Existing studies indicate that democracy and state capacity are substitutes in creating economic and human development. Thus, the effect of state capacity is mainly present in highly authoritarian regimes, and the effect of being a democracy is largest in countries that lack state capacity. Due to methodological weaknesses and incomplete theoretical arguments, we argue that we should doubt these findings. Instead, we expect a complementary relationship: Both the will and ability to enhance human development are crucial. The incentives, and thus, the will, to enhance human development are larger in democracies compared to autocracies; and state capacity captures the ability to implement policies. Though most scholars agree on the overall definition, the subcomponents and measures of state capacity vary much across studies. Many of the subcomponents and measures are often inconsistent with the overall definition of state capacity. Frequently, the measures capture the content of the policy rather than the capacity to implement the policy. This implies that the existing results are not necessarily reliable. In addition, many scholars assume that corruption and partiality in the public administration undermine state capacity, which, we argue, is not necessarily the case. Following this, we argue for a conceptualization of state capacity that is independent of corruption and partiality. We suggest improved measures of state capacity to capture the phenomenon more accurately. We employ these measures on country-level data from 1970-2010 to show that state capacity indeed has a positive effect on human development, and that democracy enhances this effect. Thus, state capacity and regime type are complements rather than substitutes.
Effects of Exercises Therapy on Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Systematic Review

Background: Neck pain is a highly prevalent condition among the general population, where more than 3/4 of individuals around the world have experienced neck pain at some time in their life. Nonspecific neck pain is defined as pain in the posterior neck between the superior nuchal line and the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra. Objectives: To determine recent research evidences for the effectiveness of exercise therapy interventions for treatment of chronic non-specific neck pain patients. Method: This systematic review mainly includes randomized controlled trails. Searching done by Medline, Embase, CINHAL Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, OAIster, PEDro and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 2007 to 2014. We used terms likeneck, pain, muscle spasm, physiotherapy, physical therapy, non-specific, resistance exercise, endurance exercise and strengthening exercises. Result: Present outcomes shows that exercise treatment is effective technique in reducing pain and increasing ROM in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain without adverse effects. The search resulted in 353 articles but only 09 articles were selected for the study based on criteria. Conclusion: Exercise therapy program designed for treating chronic non-specific neck pain patients proved to reducing pain and improving ROM increasing function during exercise.
Characters, Embedding Concatenation, and Span Filtering for better QA models across domains

This paper contributes 3 moderate changes to the Baseline Model given. Firstly a character embedding layer, a method of combining embeddings, and ﬁnally a simple NER system to ﬁlter spans via weight-ings. We show that each of these changes will improve the accuracy of the model for both in-domain and cross-domain datasets. Furthermore, we will demonstrate why these improvements have signiﬁcant impact on the model and how future work could result in improved models not only for the Baseline Model but for state of the art models like Electra in common applications such as Amazon’s Alexa.
A unified simulation of Schottky and ohmic contacts

The Schottky contact is an important consideration in the development of semiconductor devices. This paper shows that a practical Schottky contact model is available for a unified device simulation of Schottky and ohmic contacts. The present model includes the thermionic emission at the metal/semiconductor interface and the spatially distributed tunneling calculated at each semiconductor around the interface. Simulation results of rectifying characteristics of Schottky barrier diodes (SBD's) and resistances under high impurity concentration conditions are reasonable, compared with measurements. As examples of application to actual devices, the influence of the contact resistance on salicided MOSFETs with source/drain extension and the immunity of Schottky barrier tunnel transistors (SBTTs) from the short-channel effect (SCE) are demonstrated.
Pattern formation at semiconductor interfaces and surfaces

In this work the pattern forming processes in three different semiconductor systems will be discussed. The first example is the current transport through a semiconductor heterostructure showing an s-shaped current voltage characteristic. The charge transport through the device is modelled by a hydrodynamic approach and the resulting partial differential equations fall into the class of reaction-diffusion systems. Depending on the structure of the contacts the equations may be globally or diffusively coupled. In the globally coupled equations three different types of stationary and a number of oscillating, spatially inhomogenous patterns can be found. In contrast to that the diffusively coupled equations only show three different types of stationary, spatially inhomogenous patterns and in a small regime of parameter space bistability between homogeneous oscillations and stationary stuctures. The second example is the initial stage of growth of self-organised quantum dots which can be observed in hetero-epitaxy of materials with different lattice constants. The strain which is present in this type of systems plays an important role in the formation of quantum dots. To model the initial stage of growth strain effects are included into a standard kinetic Monte Carlo scheme leading to a suppression of Ostwald ripening and to a cooperative growth mode. This growth mode is necessary for a sharp size distribution of quantum dots. It will be shown under what conditions not only good ordering in size but also regular spatial arangement of the quntum dots can be acchieved. The influence of growth temperature, growth rate, coverage and growth interruption on the surface structure and the quality of the quantum dots will be discussed. The third example is the atomic surface structure of InP(001)-(2 4). For different proposed structural models of the surface the reflectance anisotropy spectrum is calculated. The necessary electronic eigenvalues and eigenstates are calculated within a tightbinding scheme. By comparison to experimental data and other theoretical approaches it will be possible to find out about the atomic surface structure of InP(001)-(2 4) one can see in experiments. It will also be discussed which optical transitions are responsible for the structures which can be found in experimental reflectance anisotropy spectra of InP(001)-(2 4). Finally the patterns found in charge tranport and during the formation of quantum dots will be compared. The influence of the underlying atomic structure, e.g., the results of the third example, on pattern forming processes in the first two examples will be discussed.
User-centered evaluation of lyrics-to-audio alignment

The growing interest for Human-centered Music Information Retrieval (MIR) motivates the development of perceptually-grounded evaluation metrics. Despite remarkable progress of lyrics-to-audio alignment systems in recent years, one thing which remains unresolved is whether the metrics employed to assess their performance are perceptually grounded. Even if a tolerance window for errors was ﬁxed at 0 . 3 s for the Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX) challenge, no ex-periment was conducted to confer psychological validity to this threshold. Following an interdisciplinary approach, fueled by psychology and musicology insights, we consider the lyrics-to-audio alignment evaluation from a user-centered perspective. In this paper, we call into question the perceptual robustness of the most commonly used metric to evaluate this task. We investigate the perception of audio and lyrics synchrony through two realistic experimental settings inspired from karaoke, and discuss implications for evaluation metrics. The most striking features of these results are the asymmetrical perceptual thresholds of synchrony perception between lyrics and audio, as well as the inﬂuence of rhythmic factors on them.
HEAD EXCURSION OF SEAT BELTED CADAVER, VOLUNTEERS AND HYBRID III ATD (ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICE) IN A DYNAMIC/STATIC ROLLOVER FIXTURE

An experimental study was conducted to simulate the airborne phase of a rollover. The study goals were: (1) to quantify the effect of restraint anchor locations and belt component designs in reducing head excursion; and (2) to better correlate the response between humans and an Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) during the high angular roll rate of the airborne phase of a rollover. A Head Excursion Test Device was designed to rotate a restrained occupant about an axis. A total of 80 excursion tests were conducted: 51 tests with a Hybrid III 50th percentile male ATD (20 static and 31 dynamic); 18 tests with a cadaver (7 static and 11 dynamic); and 11 static tests with two male volunteers. In tests using a two-point lap belt, belt angle was more significant than overall belt length in reducing head excursion. Vertical head excursion was minimized with a steep lap belt angle and short webbing length. Tests utilizing a three-point lap and torso restraint demonstrated that the torso belt reduced vertical head excursion primarily by restricting forward torso rotation. Increasing the belt webbing pretension load reduced vertical and lateral head excursion. Comparison of results from human volunteers, cadaveric and Hybrid III ATD subjects in static tests indicated that the Hybrid III ATD had the least vertical excursion. Dynamically, the Hybrid III ATD had less vertical and lateral excursion than the cadaver. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD E201172.
Molecular characterization of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 strain

The bacterium Pasteurella multocida is an opportunistic pathogen that is associated with the infections centering the animals such as bovines, swine, rabbits as well as poultry. It is widely known for its efficiency to cause Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, a complication characterized by high morbidity and mortality. In this study, P. multocida was cultured, isolated and was subjected to biochemical characterization for the purpose of identification. The DNA was then extracted from the cultured bacterium and the Molecular Characterization of P. multocida serotype B:2 strain was done by the employment of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting ompH using the specifically designed forward and reverse primers. The amplified products of desired gene were then visualized using 1% Agarose gel. The PCR yielded a 943 bp gene product. The molecular characterization of the bacterium P. multocida plays a very important role in demonstrating the efficiency of the P. multocida as a candidate for the production of vaccines.
Evaluation of brinjal genotypes for morphological characters, yield performance and resistance to bacterial wilt and shoot and fruit borer

Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) are major concerns in cultivation of eggplant in Jharkhand and even in the other parts of the country. Keeping their adverse impact on quality production, nine brinjal genotypes were evaluated for three consecutive crop seasons against bacterial wilt and shoot and fruit borer. Results revealed wide range of variations among genotypes for important morphological characters viz., colour of stem, leaf, petiole, mid-rib, prickleness (spinyness), fruit shape, colour and fruit yield. The genotypes, CB-27, CB-41 and CB-1 showed resistance showing the lowest bacterial wilt incidence ranging from 2.7 to 4.5 per cent and minimum mean infestation of shoot borer ranging from 2.92 to 3.97 per cent with significantly higher fruit yield. Resistance against wilt and shoot and fruit borer depicted a significant importance for the breeders as well as for the commercial growers of this crop. On the basis of these findings, the superior genotypes viz., CB-1 (egg shaped & purple fruit), CB-27 (oblong & purple fruit) and CB-41 (oblong & light green fruit) could be recommended for commercial cultivation in the state of Jharkhand and adjoining areas of the similar agro-climatic conditions.