Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Detection of Lymph Nodes Micrometastasis in Breast Cancer by the Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining Method (H&E) and the Immunohistochemical Method (IHC)

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The most important factor in determining the prognosis and treatment of invasive breast cancer is axillary lymph nodes involvement. It is possible not to detect micrometastasis with applying staining tissues by the Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) staining method. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine and comparethedetectionof axillarylymphnodemicrometastasisinbreastcancerbyH& Eandimmunohistochemical(IHC)method. Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was carried out. By using census method, 80 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer and lymph node non-involvement were selected in Shahid Sadoughi General Hospital pathology ward, Yazd, up to 2016. IHC was performed to re-detect lymph node micrometastasis. The checklist was used to collect data of demographic, clinical, and pathological characteristics of the study population. The data collection was analyzed, using statistical software version SPSS-18, descriptive statistics, and Chi-Square analysis test. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically signiﬁcant. Results: Of the80samplesusingH& Estainingmethod,nocasewasdiagnosedwithlymphnodemicrometastasis,butusingIHC,50 cases(62.5%)werefoundnegativeand 30cases(37.5%)werefoundpositive. Themajorityof tumorsinthe positivegrouphadpoorly diﬀerentiatedgradeandthediﬀerencebetweenthetumorgradeinbothpositiveandnegativegroupwasstatisticallysigniﬁcant(P =0.001). Also, themajorityof tumorsinthepositivegroupwerelocatedintheupper-outerandlower-outerquadrantof breastand the diﬀerence between tumor locations in both positive and negative group was statistically signiﬁcant (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Accordingtotheresults,IHCismorebeneﬁcialthantheH&Emethodtodetectmicrometastaticcellsandtoexamine tissues that have high-grade tumors and also tumors located in upper-outer or lower-outer more possibility of metastasis.
Accès au financement et performance des PME au Cameroun

L’objectif de cette etude est d’analyser l’influence de l’acces au financement sur la performance des PME au Cameroun. L’on a recours a une analyse statistique et au modele de regression multiple. Les resultats des travaux montrent que le fait pour une entreprise d’avoir acces au financement accroit sa probabilite d’ameliorer sa performance puisque ladite probabilite passe d’environ 5,6/10 quand elle n’a pas acces au financement a pratiquement 7/10 quand elle y a acces. En revanche, l’analyse econometrique amene a relativiser l’impact de l’acces au financement sur la performance des PME. En effet, l’acces au financement a un effet positif mais non significatif sur l’indicateur de performance. La qualite et la nature des credits accordes qui sont surtout de court terme et de montant limite contribuent a expliquer ledit resultat. Les autorites institutionnelles doivent ainsi prendre davantage de mesures pour rendre l’environnement financier favorable a l’epanouissement des PME.
The Effect of Anthropometric Properties of Self-Avatars on Action Capabilities in Virtual Reality

The field of Virtual Reality (VR) has seen a steady exponential uptake in the last decade and is being continuously incorporated into areas of popular interest like healthcare, training, recreation and gaming. This steady upward trend and prolonged popularity has resulted in numerous extravagant virtual environments, some that aim to mimic real-life experiences like combat training, while others intend to provide unique experiences that may otherwise be difficult to recreate like flying over ancient Egypt as a bird. These experiences often showcase highly realistic graphics, intuitive interactions and unique avatar embodiment scenarios with the help of various tracking sensors, high definition graphic displays, sound systems, etc. The literature suggests that estimates and affordance judgments in VR scenarios such as the ones described above are affected by the properties and the nature of the avatar embodied by the user. Therefore, to provide users with the finest experiences it is crucial to understand the interaction between the embodied self and the action capabilities afforded by it in the surrounding virtual environment. In a series of studies aimed at exploring the effect of gender matched body-scaled self-avatars on the user’s perception, we investigate the effect of self-avatars on the perception of size of objects in an immersive virtual environment (IVE) and how this perception affects the actions one can perform as compared to the real world. In the process, we make use of newer tracking technology and graphic displays to investigate the perceived differences between real world environments and their virtual counterparts to understand how the spatial properties of the environment and the embodied self-avatars affect affordances by means of passability judgments. We describe techniques for creation and mapping VR environments onto their real world counterparts and the creation of gender matched body-scaled self-avatars that provides real time full-body tracking. The first two studies investigate how newer graphical displays and off-the-shelf tracking devices can be utilized to create salient gender matched body-scaled self-avatars and their effect
ASSOCIATION OF UNSAFE ABORTIONS WITH COMPLICATONS

Background; Unsafe abortion is a persistent, preventable pandemic. WHO defines unsafe abortion as a procedure for terminating an unintended pregnancy either by individuals without the necessary skills or in an environment that does not conform to minimum medical standards, or both. This study was conducted in our local population of southern Punjab to ascertain magnitude of the problem in terms different maternal complications after unsafe abortions. Objective: To determine the frequency of complications of unsafe abortions at a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods; All the study cases (n=169) who met inclusion criteria of my study were taken from Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from June 2015 to June 2016 in this descriptive cross – sectional study . Once registered, these study case had undergone required investigations like blood tests (TLC count to determine sepsis and serum urea and creatinine levels to ascertain ARF). These blood tests were performed by a trained pathologist. These patients were also arranged for X – Ray chest (PA view) to diagnose perforation and complications such sepsis, hemorrhage, ARF and perforations were noted in the proforma by the researcher. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Version 20. Results; Mean age of our study cases was 29.39 ± 4.12 years (with minimum age of our study cases was 24 years while maximum age was 37 years) and majority of our study cases i.e. 93 (55 %) belonged to age group 20 – 30 years of age. Of these 169 study cases, 104 (61.5%) were from rural areas, 113 (66.9%) were poor, 141 (83.4%) were illiterate, 111 (65.7%) spouses were illiterate and most of them i.e. 112 (66.3%) belonged to joint family system. Mean body mass index of our study cases was 24.78 ± 3.24 kg/m 2 and obesity was present in 27 (16 %) patients. Hemorrhage was noted in 94 (55.6%), sepsis in 74 (43.8%), acute renal failure in 39 (23.1%) and perforations in 19 (11.2%) of our study cases. Conclusion; Our study results indicate that unsafe abortion is a major cause of maternal morbidity with hemorrhage was commonest complication followed by septicemia, mostly because the procedure was performed by untrained health care providers under unhygienic conditions. Majority of the patients had multiple complications. There is urgent need to improve quality of services offered by family planning programs and provision of safe abortion services to decrease significant morbidity among targeted population. This will improve their quality of life and also provide relief to health authorities in terms of more investments due to prolonged hospitalizations. Keywords; Unsafe abortion, hemorrhage, sepsis.
Landau-Bloch theorems for bounded biharmonic mappings

We determine coefficient bounds for bounded planar biharmonic mappings and generalize the Landau-Bloch univalency theorems for such bounded biharmonic functions. The univalence radii presented here improve many related results published to date, including the most recent one [Complex Var. Elliptic Equ. 58(12) (2013), 1667-1676] and are sharp in some given cases.
Dyslipidemia Pattern in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Correlation of Disease Activity

Amaç: Romatoid artrit (RA), bağışıklık sistemini ve nihayetinde orta yaşlı bireyleri etkileyen vücudun çeşitli dokularını etkileyen çok faktörlü bir hastalıktır. Orta Hindistan'daki RA hastalarında dislipidemi prevalansını ve paternini değerlendirmek ve dislipidemi ile hastalık aktivitesini ilişkilendirmek amaçlandı. Materyal ve Metod: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Ocak 2014 ile Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında, Indore'da (MP) Sri Aurobindo Tıp Bilimleri Enstitüsü ve Yüksek Lisans Enstitüsü'nde RA hastalarında gerçekleştirildi. Lipid profilleri 12 saatlik bir açlık sonrası belirlendi ve lipit profilleri ile hastalık aktivitesi ilişkisi saptanmıştır. Bulgular: Yaş gruplarında sunulan olguların maksimum sayısı 41-50 (% 36) idi. Hastalık kadın nüfusta daha yaygındır. Maksimum hasta sayısı (34 hasta) hastalık süresi 1 ila 10 yıl arasında değişiyordu. Hastaların çoğunda hastalık aktivitesi yüksekti (% 90). Toplam kolesterol düzeyi, kadın olgularda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Toplam kolestrol benzer şekilde düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL) kolestrol kadınlarda kontrollerden daha yüksekti. Olgular ve kontroller arasında Yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein (HDL), Çok düşük dansiteli lipoprotein (VLDL) ve Trigliserid (TG) arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. Erkek olgularda ve kontrollerde ortalama lipid profili değerleri benzerdi. Hastalık aktivite skorunun (DAS)-28 ve eritrosit sedimentasyon hızı (ESR) yalnızca kadın hastalarda total kolesterol ve LDL düzeyleri ile pozitif korelasyonu gözlendi. DAS-28 ve ESR hem kadın hem de erkek hastalarda HDL, LDL ve trigliserid arasında bir korelasyon gözlenmedi. Sonuç: Lipid profilleri hem naif hem de tedavi edilen hastalarda benzerdi. Ortalama lipid profili değerlerinde anlamlı fark yok RAF faktörüne dayalı olarak oluşturulan iki grupta HDL'nin beklendiği beklendi. Bir lipid profili değeri hastalığın süresi ile pozitif veya negatif korelasyon göstermez.
Forms and Mobility of some Heavy Metals in Irrigated Soils with Bahr El-Baqar Drain Water and their Effect on the Growing Plants

Soil and plant samples from areas adjacent to Bahr El-Baqar main drain (El-Sharkia Governorate) were collected to study the fate and hazards of some heavy metals, i.e. Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Co . etc. Pollution associated with the studied heavy metals was valued following international norms. The fate and risks of studied pollutants were assessed and appraised using enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), modified degree of contamination (m Cd), pollution load index (PLI), soil pollution index (SPI). Moreover, the mobility indices and bioaccumulation (BAC) of most hazards selected pollutants were strong-minded in varied plant species grown the in study area including clover, onion, wheat, lettuce and garlic. Meanwhile, correlation analyses between soil properties and heavy metals concentrations in the grown crops were determined. Results showed that the disparity in the properties of sampled soils significantly shaped heavy metals distribution, concentrations as well as speciation. The total contents of Pb, Co, Cd, Ni.etc., exceeded the permissible levels set by Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines (CSQG), European Union Risk Assessment (EU), and the average of the earth crust. Data also exhibited that irrigation with Bahr El-Baqar low quality water is the main source of heavy metals pollutants found in the soils. Other heavy metal might be originated from certain adverse human activities. Regarding the contents of heavy metals found in plants grown in the studied area involving clover, onion, wheat, garlic and lettuce, gained results confirmed that the highest mean value of Cd was detected in all plants, despite other pollutants were also found in the studied plants, yet at variable concentrations. All indicators calculated in the current work pointed to the worth of reducing pollutants by proper remediation techniques.
Pathways to mental health care services in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

Despite having appropriate mental health policies, mental health services are excluded from Nigeria’s primary health care approach. This study explored the pathways to mental health service of families and persons with mental health issues in the Niger Delta region, to enable effective planning of programs to reduce the gap experienced in accessing care and support. Participants were 50 service users (30 family caregivers, 20 persons living with mental health issues) attending the outpatient clinic at the neuropsychiatric Rumuigbo Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Semi-structured interviews obtained demographic details and information about three domains: first place visited for treatment, reasons for that choice, and factors that influenced decision to visit the Rumuigbo clinic. 20% had poor knowledge of mental health services, 64% were advised by friends and close relatives to visit the clinic, 20% were referred by a religious healer and 16% by general physicians. People who consulted general practitioners made use of mental health service earlier than those who consulted religious and traditional healers. Policies are needed to support collaborations with religious/traditional healers to educate them about benefits of prompt mental health care, their role in being referral point to appropriate services, as well as a rehabilitative and support network.
The renal effects of the goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) Tincture and metformin in dexamethasone-treated rats

The tincture obtained from the goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) aerial part is characterized by favourable metabolic and organoprotective effects and can partially increase the efficacy of metformin in the animals receiving high doses of dexamethasone. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the goutweed tincture combined with metformin on the excretory renal function and the state of mineral metabolism in dexamethasone-treated rats. The animals were divided into 5 groups as follows: intact control, dexamethasone (untreated), dexamethasone + metformin, 50 mg/kg intragastrically; dexamethasone + goutweed tincture, 1 ml/kg intragastrically; dexamethasone + metformin, 50 mg/kg intragastrically + goutweed tincture, 1 ml/kg intragastrically. Dexamethasone was administered in the dose of 5 mg/kg subcutaneously for 5 days. On day 5 the status of the excretory renal function (ERF) was assessed in the water-loading test. No evidence of the abrupt changes in the functional state of the kidney was observed under the effect of dexamethasone. Combination of the goutweed tincture with metformin did not cause an unfavourable effect on the kidney function; it was evident from the stability of partial kidney function markers, including the indices of sodium transport, as well as the plasma electrolyte content. The advantages of the combination studied (compared to the monotherapy with metformin) are reduction of proteinuria and enzymuria, as well as normalization of the blood potassium content increased against the background of dexamethasone. The results substantiate the expedience of combining the goutweed tincture with metformin and the further studies of such combination.
Combinatorial and dispersion activity coefficient models for molecular solutions

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Primary care outpatient treatment centre for Intellectual Disabilities helps prevent inpatient psychiatry treatments

Background: Our qualitative study evaluated the following two questions: For what needs do adults with intellectual disabilities consult a primary care outpatient treatment at a psychiatry department? How have hospitalization rates and experiences evolved for this population over the last 20 years? Method: We explored the occurrence and topographies of SBP across different severity levels of ID to inform clinical practice. We then quantified the number of hospitalizations. Results: Aggressive-type behaviours were the most frequent. Our study showed that 23% of our sample didn’t have any serious behavioural problems but did have psychiatric comorbidities and ambulatory care helped to prevent the need for inpatient hospital admission. Conclusion: We attribute the decrease in hospitalisations to the creation of our department of outpatient psychiatric care specialized in the field of ID. This is why improving primary care services is vital in order to create equal treatment.
Noble Gas Analysis of Volcanic Glass Particles: A Better Understanding of Volcano Degassing and Implications for Ar/Ar Dating of Eruptions

Noble Gases (NG) have been investigated extensively in a variety of volcanic materials, however, few efforts have been made to study their incorporation, partition and release to and from subaerial volcanic glass. In this study, 4He, 22Ne, 36Ar, 40Ar, trapped in different subaerial volcanic glass types, are used to characterize magmatic reservoirs, to study volcanic processes, to investigate the degassing and evolution of volcanic systems and to understand the implications for the Ar/Ar system. Glass shards from silicic tuffs interbedding basaltic lavas of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG - Washington, U.S.) yielded accurate, precise Ar/Ar ages (12.00±0.242δ Ma, 11.37±0.152δ Ma, 10.67±0.212δ Ma, 10.70±0.182δ Ma, 10.77±0.182δ Ma). These were used to indirectly constrain better the timing of eruption of two Formations of the CRBG and to aid the correlation of the tuffs with their eruptive centre (Bruneau-Jarbidge) in the Central Snake River Plain. NG in Pele’s hairs and tears were used to monitor the degassing of Masaya volcano (Nicaragua) between 2015 - 2016. The variations of the NG in the samples were attributed to the upward migration of a gas-rich magma from depth in 2015. The NG abundances in single particles are controlled by sample vesicularity and by solubility and diffusion fractionation of the gas prior eruption. Pre-, syn- and post-eruptive processes interplay and superimpose upon each other, complicating the interpretation of Ar/Ar ages and NG abundances in pumice glass particles. The NG variations in glass particles from different portions of a pumice fall and an ignimbrite from the Eras Formation (Tenerife) are attributed to a “stratified” magma chamber with respect to NG, and, to diffusion fractionation processes that acted during pumice cooling. Glass particles failed to provide Ar/Ar ages and no relationships were observed between Ar degassing and Ar/Ar ages produced from different portions of the eruptive sequence.
Using admissions criteria for predicting student failure outcomes of supplemental instruction and remediation in a Doctor of Pharmacy programme

Objective: To identify potential unique predictors of academic failure or success in a Doctor of Pharmacy programme using curricular experiences with supplemental instruction (SI) and remediation. Methods: We assessed correlations between admissions variables, including grade point average (GPA) and Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT) scores, with curricular performance measures, including SI and remediation, in 369 students over four years. Results: Overall entry GPA, pre-requisite/pre-pharmacy GPA, and required maths and science GPA negatively correlated with number of SI enrolments and remediation. Lower PCAT verbal and quantitative ability scores negatively correlated with number of remediation sessions while lower PCAT chemistry and reading comprehension scores negatively correlated with number of SI enrolments and course failures. Overall entry, pre-requisite/pre-pharmacy, and required maths and science GPA; and PCAT composite, quantitative ability, and chemistry scores positively correlated with GPA after the first academic year and at graduation. Conclusions: Students with higher GPAs and PCAT scores were less likely to need academic support. Lower GPAs and PCAT scores correlated to an increased likelihood of failure and predict need for academic assistance to ensure success.
Application of naïve Bayesian artificial intelligence to referral refinement of chronic open angle glaucoma

The purpose of this study was to determine whether naive Bayesian artificial intelligence could accurately predict clinical decisions made during the referral refinement of Chronic open angle glaucoma (COAG) by three specialist independent prescribing optometrists using the highly structured standard operating procedure (SOP) adopted by the Community Ophthalmology Team (COT) of the West Kent Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG). The effectiveness of the COT, in terms of reducing false positive referrals and costs to the National Health Service (NHS), was also explored. This was the first study of its kind. Treating the study as a clinical audit allowed collection of unconsented fully anonymised data from the worst affected eyes or right eyes of 1006 cases referred into the COT. Each case was classified according to race, sex, age, family history of COAG, reason for referral, intraocular pressure and its inter-ocular asymmetry (Goldmann Applanation Tonometry), several optic nerve head dimensions (vertical size, cup disc ratio and its inter-ocular asymmetry; dilated stereoscopic slit lamp biomicroscopy with Volk lens), central corneal thickness (ultrasound pachymetry) and the severity of any visual field defects (Humphrey Visual Field Analyser, SITA FAST 24-2 testing strategy, Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson classification). Grouping of data into multiple cut-off points was informed by previous research and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Preliminary analyses showed that most cases (79%) were discharged, 7% were followed up and 14% were referred to the NHS hospital eye service. The high discharge rate led to NHS cost savings of over £50 per case. Previous reports of increased intraocular pressure with central corneal thickness and increased cup disc ratios with cup disc size were also confirmed. Despite a high degree of inter-dependency between clinical tests, which violated the key assumption of naive Bayesian analyses, the scheme learned rapidly and its weighted accuracy, based on randomised stratified tenfold cross-validation, was high (95%, 2.0% SD). However, false discharge (3.4%, 1.6% SD) and referral rates (3.1%, 1.5% SD) were considered unsafe. Making the analysis cost sensitive led to an 80 fold increase in COT follow-ups that would have reduced cost effectivity. The transferability of likelihood ratios was explored along with their use, compared to Chi-square, to rank clinical tests and explore redundancy in the SOP adopted by the COT. In summary, high discharge rates were consistent with the level of false positive referrals for suspected COAG reported in the literature and reduced NHS costs. Although use of a structured SOP led to high accuracy, naive Bayesian artificial intelligence could not safely predict the decisions of COT optometrists as it caused too many false discharges and referrals. More sophisticated forms of machine learning need to be explored.