Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arctic soils: spatial distribution, zonality and transformation due to global change

Published and unpublished information on Arctic soils, soil-forming factors and possible transformations of the soil cover due to global change are reviewed. In high latitudes the soil distribution is strongly controlled by geogenic factors (relief and substrates). Locally they transform the Arctic macroclimate, which is principally humid, to produce arid phenomena in the soil landscapes. All the soil processes from podzolization to salinization can be qualitatively distinguished in every region of the Arctic. Quantitatively, the effect of these soil-forming processes decreases with increasing latitude. A new zonal division of Arctic soils is proposed, comprising (1) High Arctic barren (tundra), (2) Mid Arctic tundra and (3) Low Arctic and Subarctic tundra. In addition to climate warming, important consequences of global change are soil pollution and the physical disturbance of the Arctic soil cover. All the countries of the northern hemisphere are contributing to Arctic soil pollution. Winter warming associated with climate change could cause an intensification of cryoturbation in the continental part of Siberia and lead to the more active fossilization of soil carbon and the increased importance of the cryopedosphere as a carbon sink. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Des informations publiees et non publiees sur les sols arctiques, sur les facteurs qui les constituent et sur les modifications possibles de ces sols a la suite du changement climatique global sont rassemblees dans le present article. Aux hautes latitudes, la distribution des sols est fortement controlee par les facteurs geogeniques (relief et le substrat). Localement, ces elements transforment le macroclimat arctique qui est principalement humide et produisent des phenomenes arides. Tous les processus pedologiques depuis la podzolisation jusqu'a la salinisation peuvent etre qualitativement reconnus dans chaque region de l'Arctique. Quantitativement, l'effet de ces processus pedologiques diminue avec l'augmentation de la latitude. Une nouvelle division zonale des sols arctiques est proposee comprenant 1) les terres steriles du haut Arctique (toundra), 2) la toundra de l'Arctique moyen et 3) la toundra du bas Arctique et du Subarctique. En plus du rechauffement du climat, des consequences importantes du changement climatique global seront la pollution des sols et la perturbation physique des sols arctiques. Toutes les regions de l'hemisphere nord contribuent a la pollution arctique. Le rechauffement des hivers associe avec le changement climatique pourrait causer une intensification des cryoturbations dans la partie continentale de Siberie et induire une fossilisation plus active du carbone dans le sol, ce qui augmenterait l'importance de la cryopedosphere comme un “puits” d'enfouissement du carbone. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interplate coupling in the Tokai District, central Japan, deduced from continuous GPS data

I invert GPS displacement rates in the Tokai district to investigate strain accumulation associated with the anticipated Tokai earthquake. I apply a representation of interseismic strain accumulation at subduction zones by Savage [1983] and estimate a distribution of virtual normal fault slip (back‐slip) on the plate boundary surface. Estimated back‐slip takes its maximum value of 30–40mm/year under the Sea of Enshu. This value is nearly equal to the relative plate motion there, implying almost complete coupling. Back‐slip is smaller under Suruga Bay, and its direction is different from the relative motion between the Eurasian and the Philippine Sea plates. Localized deformation at the northern tip of the Philippine Sea plate may be responsible for this discrepancy, partitioning tectonic strain due to the plate convergence into faults on both sides of the Izu peninsula and also distributed strain inside the peninsula.
Groundwater Recharge through Vertisols: Irrigated Cropland vs. Natural Land, Israel

Land use change from natural ecosystems to cropland influences groundwater recharge, including water quantity and quality. Soil core samples (0–11‐m depth) from six boreholes beneath irrigated cropland and two boreholes beneath natural ecosystems, in Vertisols, were analyzed for particle size distribution, water content, and water‐extractable Cl− Chloride mass balance and numerical, one‐dimensional unsaturated flow and transport modeling were used to assess average and transient recharge fluxes and to test matrix vs. preferential flow hypotheses. Water contents under irrigated cropland were significantly higher than under natural land with similar particle size distributions. Pore‐water Cl− concentrations in deep vadose zones (>3 m) under irrigated cropland (900–2000 mg L−1) were similar to recent local groundwater Cl− and significantly lower than pore‐water Cl− in deep vadose zones under natural land (3000–6000 mg L−1). Calibrated models' recharge rates through the soil matrix were much higher under irrigated cropland (90–230 mm yr−1) than natural ecosystems (1–3 mm yr−1) and were consistent with groundwater‐balance estimates of average recharge (110–160 mm yr−1). In contrast, matrix recharge rates under natural ecosystems were considerably lower than those based groundwater balance (50–80 mm yr−1). While matrix unsaturated flow under irrigated cropland explains vadose zone and groundwater observations, under natural ecosystems preferential flow paths are required to support observations. Plowing and irrigation prevent development of crack networks and promote matrix percolation through the clay, which flushes salts from previously immobile vadose zone pore water. These phenomena may be applicable to similar land use changes in Vertisols globally.
A gene expression-based model predicts outcome in children with intermediate-risk classical

(TME) biology, to determine molecular correlates of treatment failure, and to develop an outcome model prognostic for pediatric cHL. A total of 246 formalin-ﬁ xed, paraf ﬁ n-embedded tissue biopsies from patients enrolled in the Children ’ s Oncology Group trial AHOD0031 were used for GEP and compared with adult cHL data. Eosinophil, B-cell, and mast cell signatures were enriched in children, whereas macrophage and stromal signatures were more prominent in adults. Concordantly, a previously published model for overall survival prediction in adult cHL did not validate in pediatric cHL. Therefore, we developed a 9-cellular component model re ﬂ ecting TME composition to predict event-free survival (EFS). In an independent validation cohort, we observed a signi ﬁ cant difference in weighted 5-year EFS between high-risk and low-risk groups (75.2% vs 90.3%; log-rank P 5 .0138) independent of interim response, stage, fever, and albumin. We demonstrate unique disease biology in children and adolescents that can be harnessed for risk-strati ﬁ cation at diagnosis. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT00025259.
Mantle genesis and crustal evolution of primitive calc-alkaline basaltic magmas from the Lesser Antilles arc

Abstract Most eruptive rocks in the Lesser Antilles arc are compositionally evolved. However, lavas with primitive characteristics do occur including, in the central part of the arc, a suite of rocks from Soufriere, St Vincent, and the Ilet à Ramiers basalt from Martinique. High-pressure experiments performed on a Soufriere basalt point to a spinel lherzolite source. Glass inclusion data and phase equilibria analysis suggest extraction of the Soufriere melt under relatively dry conditions (c. 2 wt% H2O in melt). Using estimates of the H2O content of mantle sources fluxed by an hydrous slab-derived component, H2O concentrations as high as 5 wt% are considered possible for primary mantle melts in the Lesser Antilles arc. Experiments at low pressures (4 kbar) simulate the evolution of primitive melts within the arc crust. For elevated melt H2O concentrations (6–8.5 wt%), derivative liquids ranging from low-MgO basalt to basaltic andesite are generated at 1050–1100°C. Their crystallization at 950–1000°C yield andesitic liquids similar to those erupting at active volcanic centres such as Mt Pelée, Martinique, and Soufriere Hills, Montserrat. Therefore, experimental data support the derivation of Lesser Antilles arc eruptives by different degrees of fractionation from primary mantle melts.
El Niño stills winter winds across the southern Canadian Prairies

Analysis of long‐term terrestrial wind speed (u) records demonstrates that interannual variability is a major component of near‐surface wind dynamics in the southern Canadian Prairies (SCP). Since the early 1950s, there have been several periods when negative anomalies in regional u persisted for 8 to 13 consecutive months, with anomalies for individual months exceeding −1 m s−1. Calm conditions on the SCP usually coincided with negative u anomalies across much of western Canada, and nearly all low‐wind events occurred during a ‘moderate’ or ‘stronger’ El Niño. Wind energy facilities in the SCP have been built during a period of relatively stable wind conditions, and the next El Niño may test their ability to maintain expected energy outputs. El Niño may affect u in other parts of the North American wind corridor and be useful for predicting seasonal or interannual changes in regional wind energy production.
Sunday decreases in magnetospheric VLF wave activity

Magnetospheric wave intensity in the 2- to 4-kHz range was monitored on the ground at Siple, Antarctica, in 1974 and 1975. Sampled broadband spectral data show that the wave activity in the 2- to 4-kHz band is predominantly chorus (discrete narrow band emissions). The measured wave intensity shows a distinct minimum on Sunday in comparison with the rest of the week. The Sunday minimum is confined to the dawn-afternoon local time sector where the chorus intensity has a diurnal maximum. It is suggested that much of the chorus observed at Siple is triggered in the magnetosphere by power line radiation from its conjugate region in eastern Canada and that the Sunday minimum in magnetospheric wave activity is the result of reduced power consumption on Sunday. This interpretation is supported by the results of an independent study based on broadband spectral data from Siple between 1973 and 1975. The results show weekly variations in the occurrence of strong power-line-induced emissions with a pronounced minimum on Sunday. This pattern is similar to the power consumption pattern in Quebec. It appears that power line radiation is an important factor in the overall magnetospheric wave environment. Its role in particle precipitation (through wave-particle interaction) needs to be investigated.
How stationary is the relationship between Siberian snow and Arctic Oscillation over the 20th century?

Both observational and numerical studies suggest that fall snow cover extent over Eurasia is linked to subsequent winter variations in the predominant Northern Hemisphere teleconnection pattern, known as the Arctic Oscillation (AO). The present study uses the recent 20th Century Reanalysis to explore the snow‐AO relationship over the entire 20th century for the first time. 20th Century Reanalysis is first shown to have a consistently realistic simulation of the onset of the Eurasian snow cover compared to a large number of in situ observations. It is then used to explore the snow‐AO relationship over both the satellite and presatellite periods. Results show that this teleconnection is not stationary and did not emerge until the 1970s. The possible modulation of the teleconnection by the Quasi‐Biennal Oscillation is then discussed, because it could have favored the influence of snow anomalies on the Arctic Oscillation in recent decades. These results have important implications for seasonal forecasting and suggest, in particular, that statistical predictions of the wintertime AO should not be based on snow predictors alone.
Response of mantle heat flux to plate evolution

By analyzing convection characteristics and surface and basal heat flux we investigate the influence on mantle convection of finite thickness plates with dynamically determined velocities and mobile boundaries. Our 6 × 6 × 1 Cartesian geometry numerical model features periodic sidewall boundary conditions, a lower mantle that increases in viscosity and a Rayleigh number of 5 × 106 (based on the uniform viscosity upper mantle). A calculation with 9 plates and fixed plate boundaries is compared with a second calculation incorporating evolving plate boundaries. The number of plates in the latter case fluctuates between 6 and 9. We find that mean heat flux output decreases during periods characterized by the presence of larger plates and that evolving plate boundaries cause surface (and basal) heat flux output to vary much more than the heat flux observed with either fixed plate boundaries or a free‐slip surface.
Mesopause temperatures during the polar mesospheric cloud season

For the first time OSIRIS has derived and analyzed mesopause region temperatures at the summer poles. Temperatures have been derived from observations of O2 A‐band emission spectra, with a typical estimated accuracy of better than ±3 K at altitudes near 90 km. The current results show that OSIRIS temperatures near the mesopause are usually ∼10 K colder than CO2 temperature results from the SABER instrument on board the TIMED satellite, however the difference between OSIRIS temperatures and SOFIE ice temperatures agrees well with previous model results, and OSIRIS temperatures are consistent with potassium lidar derived atmospheric temperatures. Between 2003–2010, the retrieved OSIRIS polar summer mesopause temperatures are often below 120 K, and on 16 January 2008, at 80°S and 223°E, a temperature of 91 ± 6 K was retrieved at an altitude of 92 km.
DETERMINATION OF POWER PERTURBATIONS OF THE HORIZONTAL MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE EARTH SURFACE

: In 2015 Chu and later in 2017 McPherron have introduced a new index, the so called midlatitude positive bay (MPB) index, to characterize the activity of magnetic substorms at midlatitudes. In the frame of a bilateral project Bulgaria – Russia supported by the National Science Fund of Bulgaria (NSFB) (project number КП-06-Русия/15) and RFBR (project number 20-55-18003_Болг_а) a program was worked out based in general on the algorithm developed by Chu and McPherron. A key point of the algorithm consists in the estimation and removal of the main magnetic field and the mean solar quiet day variations. For this propose 25 successive days were used in the computations, centred at the day under consideration. The so called mean Solar quiet day variations were determined by superposed epoch analysis, and were subtracted from the observations during the considered day. The power perturbations were determined by the sum of the obtained by the described processing procedure squared and high pass filtered X and Y-component variations. In a pre-processing process, new procedures for data gap and peak detection and removal were included. Highly disturbed observations were previously removed by the outlier test of Grubbs. The horizontal power perturbations for the Bulgarian magnetic observatory Panagjurishte (PAG) are determined for the whole period from 2007 up to now by our developed processing tool, described in this work.
Constraints on the crustal structure of the internal Variscan Belt in SW Europe: A magnetotelluric transect along the eastern part of Central Iberian Zone, Iberian Massif

[1] The Iberian Massif is the best exposed segment of the European Variscan Belt. It includes relatively well preserved terranes that were accreted by transpression along time and resulted in a number of geotectonic units that formed part of the Late Paleozoic assembly of the Pangaea Supercontinent. In SW Iberia, these units are the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ), Ossa Morena Zone (OMZ), and the South Portuguese Zone (SPZ). A 210 km long NE-SW magnetotelluric profile was carried out through the CIZ, from the OMZ-CIZ boundary toward the north, reaching the Tagus (Cenozoic) basin. Data dimensionality analysis resulted in a suitable 2-D electrical resistivity structure, allowing a 2-D inversion of the data set. Complementary available geophysical data (deep seismic, gravity and aeromagnetic) and a comparison with a detailed geological cross section led us to constrain the interpretation of the 2-D electrical resistivity structure of the CIZ crust. The results show, for the upper crust, the existence of diverse conductive/resistive bodies that correlate well with known geological features (sedimentary basins, faults, granitic plutons, mineralized systems). A mild but steady conductive band is located along the middle and lower crust that is interpreted as a mafic granulite basement. The upper section of this band connects with several elongated shallow conductors, providing further evidence for the existence, in the Central Iberian Zone, of a complex decollement system where the major faults are rooted. Such a crustal architecture is viewed as the northward continuation of the Variscan large-scale structures previously recognized in the southern sectors (OMZ and SPZ).
Monitoring the volume, freshwater and heat fluxes passing through Lancaster sound in the Canadian arctic archipelago

Abstract A research project, consisting of instrumentation development and mooring work, has monitored the volume, heat and freshwater fluxes passing through Lancaster Sound, one of the three main pathways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Instrumentation to measure the current direction of the Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) moored in this region of low horizontal magnetic field strength have been successfully developed and implemented. Time series data from August 1998 to September 2001 of the salinity, temperature and velocity fields and the derived estimates of the volume, freshwater and heat fluxes passing through Lancaster Sound are reported. The fluxes exhibit large seasonal and interannual variabilities. Fluxes are small in fall and winter and reach their maxima in late summer. The seasonal eastward volume flux estimate ranged from a low of ‐0.01 Sv in the fall of 1998 to a maximum of 1.3 Sv in the summer of 2000. Its three‐year mean of 0.75 Sv varies interannually by ±0.25 Sv. Freshwater flux estimates vary similarly with minima in winter and maxima in late summer. They generally are one‐fifteenth of the volume fluxes; but are likely underestimated as their surface freshwater content is based on data from Conductivity‐Temperature‐Depth (CTD) sensors at 25–30 m depth thus missing fresher water above the summer halocline. The pack ice contribution to the freshwater flux is small as most of the year the pack ice is land‐fast; it accounts for less than 5% of the freshwater flux when spread over the entire year.
The Neural Effects Of Mindfulness Interventions On Depression: A Systematic Review

Depression has increased among adolescents and adults over the last decade. Effective treatments and techniques to improve personal well being and disorders like depression are much needed. Mindfulness is a psychological technique that involves actively paying attention to one's awareness of the present moment with nonjudgmental acceptance (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). While the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions has been widely studied, relatively little research has been done on the effects of mindfulness interventions on depression using neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG). This systematic review includes four studies that investigates the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions on depression measured by fMRI or EEG and different rating scales measuring depression. The results from this systematic review shows that mindfulness interventions may have an effect on depression. Two of the studies (Ferri et al., (2017); Yang et al., (2016), found significant differences in the rating scales for depression. The studies also suggest that mindfulness interventions can impact the brain regions involved in negative emotional processing in individuals with depression, such as the default mode network (DMN) and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC).
The Human Need for Equilibrium: Qualitative Study on the Ingenuity, Technical Competency, and Changing Strategies of People With Dementia Seeking Health Information

Background Prior research on health information behaviors of people with dementia has primarily focused on examining the types of information exchanged by people with dementia using various web-based platforms. A previous study investigated the information behaviors of people with dementia within a month of their diagnosis. There is an empirical gap in the literature regarding the evolution of health information needs and behaviors of people with dementia as their condition progresses. Objective Our work primarily investigated the information behaviors of people with dementia who have been living with the condition for several (4 to 26) years. We also aimed to identify their motivations for changing their information behaviors over time. Our primary research questions were as follows: how do people with dementia get informed about their condition, and why do people with dementia seek information about their condition? Methods We adopted an action research approach by including 2 people with dementia as members of our research team. Collaboratively, we conducted 16 remote 1-hour contextual inquiry sessions with people living with mild to moderate dementia. During the study sessions, the first 40 minutes included semistructured interviews with participants concerning their information behaviors, followed by a 20-minute demonstration of their information-seeking strategies. Data from these interviews were analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Results Participants described their information needs in terms of managing the disrupted physiological, emotional, and social aspects of their lives following a diagnosis of dementia. They used various information behaviors, including active search, ongoing search, monitoring, proxy search, information avoidance, and selective exposure. These information behaviors were not stagnant; however, they were adapted to accommodate the changing circumstances of their dementia and their lives as they worked to re-establish equilibrium to continue to engage in life while living with a degenerative neurological condition. Conclusions Our research revealed the motivations, changing abilities, and chosen strategies of people with dementia in their search for information as their condition evolves. This knowledge can be used to develop and improve person-centered information and support services for people with dementia so that they can more easily re-establish equilibrium and continue to engage in life.