Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instability modes excited by natural screech tones in a supersonic rectangular jet

The evolution of hydrodynamic instability modes self‐excited by harmonically related natural screech tones was experimentally investigated. A convergent rectangular nozzle with an aspect ratio of 9.63 was used to produce a supersonic shock‐containing jet. Measurements in the flow field were made using standard hot‐film probes positioned only in the subsonic (outer) portions of the flow. The hydrodynamic instability mode observed in the shear layer at the screech frequency was observed to be antisymmetric (sinuous) about the smaller dimension of the jet, whereas its harmonic was observed to be symmetric (varicose). In addition, the nearfield noise measurements indicated that the radiated screech tone noise was out of phase on either side of the small jet dimension, whereas its harmonic was in phase over the same region. To the authors’ knowledge, such an observation on the nature of the harmonic has thus far gone unreported and therefore is the focus of the present work. The hydrodynamic instability modes .
The Ellipticities of Globular Clusters and the Cyanogen Problem

For globular clusters having Fe/H between -1.9 and -1.2 a positive correlation is shown to exist between the degree of cyanogen enrichment in the red giants of a given cluster and the apparent flattening of that system. This suggests that angular momentum is an important key to the understanding of cyanogen anomalies within clusters and offers support for the idea that evolutionary mixing, driven by rotation, is responsible for a large part of the phenomenon. Not all observations, however, can be readily explained in this manner, and a short discussion is given of desiderata needed to clarify the problem. 39 references.
Vector magnetic field changes associated with X-class flares

We present high-resolution transverse and longitudinal magnetic field measurements bracketing five X-class solar flares. We show that the magnetic shear, defined as the angular difference between the measured field and calculated potential field, actually increases after all of these flares. In each case, the shear is shown to increase along a substantial portion of the magnetic neutral line. For two of the cases, we have excellent time resolution, on the order of several minutes, and we demonstrate that the shear increase is impulsive. We briefly discuss the theoretical implications of our results.
Investment Intention and Decision Making: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda

The expansion of financial markets has enabled individuals to invest in a variety of securities and financial instruments. Consequently, behavioral finance has shed light on the characteristics and psychological processes that influence the investment intentions and decisions of investors. We performed a systematic review of the recent literature on the key elements that influence the behavioral intentions and investment decisions of individual investors. In combination with bibliometric and weight analysis, this review aims to propose a comprehensive approach to present quantitative and qualitative analyses of the rising elements influencing investors’ intentions and behaviors in financial investment products. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, this work comprises a review of 28 articles published in Web of Science and Scopus databases between 2016 and 2021. The findings identify six underlying themes of investor behavior determined using content: (1) personal factors, (2) social factors, (3) market information, (4) firm-specific factors, (5) product-related factors, and (6) demography. The future research agenda is highlighted based on the Theories, Constructs, Contexts, and Methods framework. The findings provide insights for both theoretical and practical application for corporations, financial institutions, and policy makers in understanding investors’ behavior so as to strengthen the financial industry and economy.
Bounding the stochastic performance of continuum structure functions. I

A continuum structure function γ is a non-decreasing mapping from the unit hypercube to the unit interval. Minimal path (cut) sets of upper (lower) simple continuum structure functions are introduced and are used to determine bounds on the distribution of γ (Χ) when X is a vector of associated random variables and when γ is right (left)-continuous. It is shown that, if γ admits of a modular decomposition, improved bounds may be obtained.
Limit distributions of the height of a random forest of plane rooted trees

Limit distributions of the height of a random forest consisting of N plane planted trees and n non-root vertices are obtained, as n tends to infinity, for all possible regular variations of N. 1. In the paper [1] random forests consisting of N rooted trees with n non-root labelled vertices were considered. On the set of all such forests the uniform distribution was given, and the limit behaviour of the random variable equal to the maximum height of trees in such a forest was investigated as n — > oo. These results were obtained by reducing the problems on random forests to the consideration of conditional branching GaltonWatson processes beginning with N particles with the Poisson distribution of the number of offspring of one particle under the condition that the total progeny of the process was equal to n. It is natural to assume that this approach can be applied to the investigation of other kinds of forests. Let us consider the set M(n, TV) of all forests consisting of N plane planted trees with n non-root unlabelled vertices. Any non-root vertex of the forest belongs to one of N trees and is connected with the root by a unique path. The number of edges forming this path is called the height of the vertex, and the maximum height of the vertices of a tree is called the height of the tree. The height of a forest is the maximum height of the trees constituting this forest. We give the uniform distribution on the set M(n, N) and denote by η the random variable equal to the height of a forest from M(n, TV). The following assertions are valid. Theorem 1. Let n — > oo, n/N — > oo. Then for any fixed χ > 0 Theorem 2. Let n, TV — > oo. Then for any fixed χ > 0 /n)^ < x} = -^ Γ exp {-iu zf(x,u)/x} du(l + o(l)) ZyZ,7T J-oo uniformly with respect to ζ = N/\/2n in any domain of the form Q < Z Q < Z < Z I < O O , where *UDC 519.2. Originally published in Diskretnaya Matematika (1994) 6, No. 1 (in Russian). Translated by A. V. Kolchin.
Vector Variational Formulation of Electromagnetic Fields in Anisotropic Media

Maxwell's equations can be cast into a basic differential operator equation, the curlcurl equation, which lends itself easily to variational treatment. Various forms of this equation are associated with problems of practical importance. The formulation includes the treatment of loss-free anisotropic media. The boundary conditions associated with electromagnetic-field problems are treated in detail and the uniqueness of the solution is discussed. A functional is derived for the curlcurl equation in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates.
Cytotoxic Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Eco-Friendly Extracted Flavonoids from Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep and Trifolium pratense L. Flowers Using HPLC-DAD-MS/HRMS

Increasing prospective phytochemical investigations and biological activities on Pueraria lobata and Trifolium pratense flowers exhibited their nutritional (food industry) pharmaceutical (anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, etc.) potentials. Previous studies paid great attention to the screening of isoflavones profile from phytochemicals. This study, in contrast, aimed at identifying the flavonoids from Pueraria lobata flowers or kudzu flower (KF) and Trifolium pratense flowers or red clover (RC) flowers and determining their cytotoxic activities on normal; (HEK-293) and cancer cell lines; human glioblastoma (A-172), osteosarcoma (HOS), embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (Rd), lung carcinoma (A-549) and liver carcinoma (HepG2). The phytochemical screening using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF/MS) showed that 15 flavonoids, including isoflavones, flavones, flavonols, and flavanones, were identified in KF and 8 flavonoids, including isoflavones and flavonols, were found in RC. Nevertheless, the majority of flavonoid chemical constituents in KF or RC were found to be isoflavones (66.6%) and (62.5%), respectively. HPLC-DAD analysis following eco-friendly extraction of phytochemicals showed that KF contains mainly daidzein and genistein, while RC contains primarily formononetin and biochanin A. Cytotoxic activities evaluated according to IC50 values exhibited the most pronounced dose-dependent antiproliferative effect of KF and RC extracts were against HOS and Rd cancer cell lines, respectively. Accordingly, the morphological observation carried out using acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Giemsa stains revealed apoptotic activities and cell death in HOS and Rd cell lines when subjected to KF or RC extracts. Cytotoxic activities and apoptotic changes were pronounced among all cancer cell lines except for the control cells (HEK-293). Additionally, various polyphenols and flavonoids were identified and quantified in KF and RC extracts and exhibited potent radical scavenging activities. Overall, this study suggests that KF and RC could be valuable edible sources of flavonoids. The comprehensive flavonoid profiles for KF and RC may explain their remarkable biological activities and contribution to inducing antioxidant and cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines.
Role of inclusions on degradation in creep life and rupture ductility of ferritic power plant steels

ABSTRACT The role of BN, AlN and MnS particles on the degradation in creep life and rupture ductility has been investigated for 9 to 12Cr martensitic steels and 1Cr bainitic steel mainly at 550 to 650 oC. The BN particles form in Gr.92 and Gr.122 during normalising at around 1100 oC. The BN particles have nothing to do with the degradation in creep life. The AlN particles precipitate in the high-Al heats of 12Cr-1Mo-1 W-0.3 V steel during creep, reducing dissolved nitrogen and fine nitrides beneficial for the creep strength and degrading the creep life. The MnS particles have nothing to do with the degradation in creep life of 1Cr-1Mo-0.25 V steel. The BN, AlN and MnS particles are responsible for the degradation in reduction of area of the steels by accelerating the formation of creep voids at interfaces between the particles and alloy matrix.
Variation of Proportionality Between Stress Drop and Slip, With Implications for Megathrust Earthquakes

Earthquake stress drop Δσ is related to fault slip via Δσ=C⋅μ⋅DLc ${\Delta }\sigma =C\cdot \mu \cdot \frac{D}{{L}_{c}}$ , where μ, D, and Lc denote shear modulus, average slip, and fault dimension. C is controlled by the system geometry, characterizes the effective stiffness of the system, and is commonly assumed to be a constant near 1. We use 3D elastostatic models to systematically investigate how C is controlled by fault burial depth, dip angle, and slip direction. We find that C decreases with smaller burial depth and dip angle, with a value for a shallow‐dipping surface‐rupturing fault roughly one‐fifth that of the deeply buried case. Our results help explain the apparent magnitude‐dependent stress drops of megathrust earthquakes in Thingbaijam et al. (2017), https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150291. There may also be implications for the apparent depth‐ and magnitude‐dependence in other source parameters, and for reducing uncertainties in the seismic and tsunami hazard assessments of megathrust earthquakes.
On necessary and sufficient conditions for stability for n-input n-output convolution feedback systems with a finite number of unstable poles

We consider n-input n-output convolution feedback systems characterized by y = G * e and e = u - y, where the open-loop transfer function ? contains a finite number of unstable poles and the expansion ? a(s) + ? i=0 ? Gi exp(-sti). The latter is such that, i) ? a is the Laplace transform of L1 functions, ii) t0 = 0, iii) the delay-times ti, for i = 1, 2, . , are positive and iv) the coefficient matrices Gi form an absolutely convergent series, i.e. ? i=0 ? |Gi| 0, and the second is required to prevent the closed-loop transfer function from being unbounded in some small neighborhood of each open-loop unstable pole. The latter condition has a nice interpretation in terms of McMillan degree theory. The modification of the theorem for the discrete-time case is immediate. The same is true if, instead of unity feedback, constant nonunity feedback represented by a nonsingular matrix is used. This allows us, through the use of the small gain theorem or the contraction mapping theorem, to consider non-linear systems, derived from the original one by introducing a non-linear time-varying gain in the forward loop.
Increased BAT Thermogenesis in Male Mouse Apolipoprotein A4 Transgenic Mice

Dietary lipids induce apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) production and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Administration of exogenous APOA4 elevates BAT thermogenesis in chow-fed mice, but not high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Chronic feeding of HFD attenuates plasma APOA4 production and BAT thermogenesis in wildtype (WT) mice. In light of these observations, we sought to determine whether steady production of APOA4 could keep BAT thermogenesis elevated, even in the presence of HFD consumption, with an aim toward eventual reduction of body weight, fat mass and plasma lipid levels. Transgenic mice with overexpression of mouse APOA4 in the small intestine (APOA4-Tg mice) produce greater plasma APOA4 than their WT controls, even when fed an atherogenic diet. Thus, we used these mice to investigate the correlation of levels of APOA4 and BAT thermogenesis during HFD consumption. The hypothesis of this study was that overexpression of mouse APOA4 in the small intestine and increased plasma APOA4 production would increase BAT thermogenesis and consequently reduce fat mass and plasma lipids of HFD-fed obese mice. To test this hypothesis, BAT thermogenic proteins, body weight, fat mass, caloric intake, and plasma lipids in male APOA4-Tg mice and WT mice fed either a chow diet or a HFD were measured. When fed a chow diet, APOA4 levels were elevated, plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced, and BAT levels of UCP1 trended upward, while body weight, fat mass, caloric intake, and plasma lipids were comparable between APOA4-Tg and WT mice. After a four-week feeding of HFD, APOA4-Tg mice maintained elevated plasma APOA4 and reduced plasma TG, but UCP1 levels in BAT were significantly elevated in comparison to WT controls; body weight, fat mass and caloric intake were still comparable. After 10-week consumption of HFD, however, while APOA4-Tg mice still exhibited increased plasma APOA4, UCP1 levels and reduced TG levels, a reduction in body weight, fat mass and levels of plasma lipids and leptin were finally observed in comparison to their WT controls and independent of caloric intake. Additionally, APOA4-Tg mice exhibited increased energy expenditure at several time points when measured during the 10-week HFD feeding. Thus, overexpression of APOA4 in the small intestine and maintenance of elevated levels of plasma APOA4 appear to correlate with elevation of UCP1-dependent BAT thermogenesis and subsequent protection against HFD-induced obesity in mice.
Opportunistic vs selective feeding strategies of zooplankton under changing environmental conditions

Abstract The plankton community consists of diverse interacting species. The estimation of species interactions in nature is challenging. There is limited knowledge on how plankton interactions are influenced by environmental conditions because of limited understanding of zooplankton feeding strategies and factors affecting trophic interactions. In this study, we used DNA-metabarcoding to investigate trophic interactions in mesozooplankton predators and the influence of prey availability on their feeding behavior. We found that mesozooplankton feeding strategies vary within species across an environmental gradient. Some species, such as Temora longicornis consistently used a selective strategy, while diets of Centropages hamatus and Acartia spp. varied between stations, showing a trophic plasticity with the prey community. We found a dominance of Synechococcales reads in Temora’s gut content and a high prey diversity for the cladoceran Evadne nordmanni. Our study shows the wide range of prey species that supports mesozooplankton community and helps to understand the spatial and temporal complexity of plankton species interactions and discriminate the selectivity ability of four zooplankton key species. Due to the central role of plankton in marine waters, a better comprehension of the spatiotemporal variability in species interactions helps to estimate fluxes to benthic and pelagic predators.
Myriad based shift parameter estimation method and its application to image filtering and processing

One typical problem in image processing is to remove noise. This problem becomes rather complicated if not one type of noise is present, i.e. if, for example, an image is corrupted by mixed noise. Non-adaptive nonlinear filters often do not provide desirable image processing quality. Nonlinear locally adaptive hard-switching filters are more flexible and effi-cient in this sense. However, for mixed noise case, all component filters employed in locally adaptive filtering (LAF) framework have to possess robust properties. In particular, this relates to the so-called noise suppressing filter (NSF) to be applied in image homogeneous regions. Below we show that myriad filter with properly selected tunable (lineariza-tion) parameter is able to be an efficient NSF that outperforms well known α-trimmed and Wilcoxon filters. For this purpose, general statistical analysis for myriad estimate of distribution shift (location) parameter is performed first. Then numerical simulation results for myriad estimator are obtained and compared to other robust shift parameter estimators for different parameters of data sample model used. The recommendations for tunable parameter selection are given. The proposed filtering technique is verified for both artificial and real images.
A comparative study of turbulence models for SF6 arcs in a supersonic nozzle

A comparative study of the two most popular turbulence models, the Prandtl mixing length model and the K-epsilon model, has been carried out for turbulent SF6 arcs burning in a supersonic nozzle under direct current conditions. The computed radial temperature profiles are compared with those measured previously by Leseberg and Pietsch at currents of 100 A, 600 A and 1800 A, respectively. It has been found that the turbulence parameters of the K-epsilon model are dependent upon the arcing current while those of the Prandtl mixing length model are applicable for all the currents investigated. For turbulent SF6 arcs in a supersonic nozzle, consideration of the range of applicability of the turbulence parameters and the cost of computation have made the Prandtl mixing length model preferable to the K-epsilon model.
Crucial role of implanted atoms on dynamic defect annealing in ZnO

Processes of defect formation in radiation hard semiconductors exhibiting efficient dynamic annealing are different from those in amorphizible ones, and the latter are generally more well-studied. In the present work, we investigate structural disorder in wurtzite ZnO, which is a radiation hard material, implanted with different ions at room temperature and 15 K. The sample analysis was undertaken by Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry performed in-situ without changing the sample temperature. The fluence dependence of bulk disorder exhibits the so-called IV-stage evolution, where the high fluence regime is characterized by both a strong influence on the damage build-up by the ion type and a reverse temperature effect. A straightforward methodology is demonstrated to differentiate between the contributions of pure ballistic and ion-defect reaction processes in the damage formation.
First-principles XANES simulations of spinel zinc ferrite with a disordered cation distribution

Theoretical calculations of Zn K and Fe K x-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) using a first-principles method have been performed to evaluate the degree of cation disordering in spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) thin film prepared by a sputtering method, ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} thin films annealed at elevated temperatures, and ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} bulk specimen prepared by a solid-state reaction. Using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave + local orbitals method, a theoretical spectrum is generated for the tetrahedral and octahedral environments for each of the two cations. The experimental XANES spectrum of the thin film annealed at 800 deg. C as well as that of bulk specimen is successfully reproduced by using either the theoretical spectrum for Zn{sup 2+} on the tetrahedral site (A site) or that for Fe{sup 3+} on the octahedral site (B site), which is indicative of the normal spinel structure. For the as-deposited film, on the other hand, excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra is obtained by considering the presence of either ion in both the A and B sites. The degree of cation disordering, x, defined as [Zn{sub 1-x}{sup 2+}Fe{sub x}{sup 3+}]{sub A}[Zn{sub x}{sup 2+}Fe{sub 2-x}{sup 3+}]{sub B}O{sub 4}, is estimated to bemore » approximately 0.6 in the as-deposited film, which is consistent with the analysis of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure on the Zn K edge. Curious magnetic properties as we previously observed for the as-deposited thin film--i.e., ferrimagnetic behaviors accompanied by large magnetization at room temperature and cluster spin-glass-like behavior--are discussed in connection with disordering of Zn{sup 2+} and Fe{sup 3+} ions in the spinel-type structure. « less
Acupuncture ameliorates Mobile Phone Addiction with sleep disorders and restores salivary metabolites rhythm

Objectives Mobile Phone Addiction (MPA) is a novel behavioral addiction resulting in circadian rhythm disorders that severely affect mental and physical health. The purpose of this study is to detect rhythmic salivary metabolites in MPA with sleep disorder (MPASD) subjects and investigate the effects of acupuncture. Methods Six MPASD patients and six healthy controls among the volunteers were enrolled by MPA Tendency Scale (MPATS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), then the salivary samples of MPASD and healthy controls were collected every 4-h for three consecutive days. Acupuncture was administered for 7 days to MPASD subjects, then saliva samples were collected again. Salivary metabolomes were analyzed with the method of LC-MS. Result According to our investigation, 70 (57.85%) MPA patients and 56 (46.28%) MPASD patients were identified among 121 volunteers. The symptoms of the 6 MPASD subjects were significantly alleviated after acupuncture intervention. The number of rhythmic saliva metabolites dropped sharply in MPASD subjects and restored after acupuncture. Representative rhythmic saliva metabolites including melatonin, 2′-deoxyuridine, thymidine, thymidine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate lost rhythm and restored after acupuncture, which may attribute to promising MPASD treatment and diagnosis biomarkers. The rhythmic saliva metabolites of healthy controls were mainly enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, whereas polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis was mainly enriched in MPASD patients. Conclusion This study revealed circadian rhythm characteristics of salivary metabolites in MPASD and that acupuncture could ameliorate MPASD by restoring part of the dysrhythmia salivary metabolites.