Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visually impaired population from low socioeconomic strata and their oral health status: an observational study.

A significant portion of the world's population suffers from blindness. Despite being a vital part of systemic health, oral health is neglected in such a population. The present study aimed to determine the oral health status of blind individuals in north India and to identify the factors affecting it. Sixty-nine blind students from a local school for the visually impaired were included in the study. A questionnaire was used to record the basic demographic details and oral habits, followed by an oral examination by a single trained dentist to record dental caries, periodontal status and dental trauma. The prevalence of Dental caries was 63.8% (mean 1.43 ± 1.61). Gingival bleeding on probing (BOP) was found in 60.9% of individuals. Dental trauma prevalence was 23.2%, and harmful oral habits were found in 31.9% of individuals. Individuals experiencing a toothache in the last year had a 1.784 times higher risk of dental caries than those who didn't experience a toothache. Individuals having acquired blindness are 2.411 times more prone to dental trauma in comparison to those suffering from congenital blindness. Blind individuals have poor oral health. Toothache in the last one year is an important risk factor for dental caries in such individuals. Acquired blindness makes a person more susceptible to dental trauma than congenital blindness.
Analysis of Production Performance and Medicine Cost Expenditure Before and After Avian Infectious Bronchitis in Commercial Broiler Farms

Avian infectious bronchitis is one of the diseases that can lead to losses in broiler farming. To investigate its impact, we conducted a recapitulation of plasma maintenance (RHPP) results data gathered from 5 clusters that tested positive for avian infectious bronchitis using PCR and ELISA tests. Subsequently, the RHPP data underwent quantitative analysis using paired sample t-test method. The results of this analysis revealed significant differences in the variables of performance index (PI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and medicine costs within several clusters before and after being infected with avian infectious bronchitis. This study was important for the future to address zero hunger issues.
Racial and Gender Discrimination in Transportation Network Companies

Passengers have faced a history of discrimination in transportation systems. Peer transportation companies such as Uber and Lyft present the opportunity to rectify long-standing discrimination or worsen it. We sent passengers in Seattle, WA and Boston, MA to hail nearly 1,500 rides on controlled routes and recorded key performance metrics. Results indicated a pattern of discrimination, which we observed in Seattle through longer waiting times for African American passengers—as much as a 35 percent increase. In Boston, we observed discrimination by Uber drivers via more frequent cancellations against passengers when they used African American-sounding names. Across all trips, the cancellation rate for African American sounding names was more than twice as frequent compared to white sounding names. Male passengers requesting a ride in low-density areas were more than three times as likely to have their trip canceled when they used a African American-sounding name than when they used a white-sounding name. We also find evidence that drivers took female passengers for longer, more expensive, rides in Boston. We observe that removing names from trip booking may alleviate the immediate problem but could introduce other pathways for unequal treatment of passengers.
Musical Intervention: An Evolutionary Era in Dentistry

Patients feels anxious when facing an intrusive operation in a dental office. Such perceptions may be triggered by variouscircumstances, including a bizarre situation, lack of control, a sense of imminent danger, reliance on strangers, and being far fromdear ones and friends. One of the most serious problems in both children and adults is dental anxiety. Patients who are anxiousavoid going to the dentist and postpone their appointments. Mostly, these patients with dental phobia feel more anxious whilesitting in the waiting area. To manage these patients, a decrease in the waiting period is also one of the considerable options.Dental stress must be identified and alleviated for such patients to receive quality care. Dental care is regarded as an invasiveprocedure and causes dental anxiety. To treat such type of fear, various complementary therapies should be considered. Functionalrelaxation therapy is also used to distract the patient's mind. Through distraction and the promotion of a calm environmenteliminates stress, anxiety, and fear, music has a therapeutic effect. Various studies were reported in the literature that musicaltherapy has a significant impact on managing dental anxiety. Dental anxiety, which is a long-term mental handicap for patients, canbe managed by applying music therapy. The objectives of this review are to know the means that trigger dental anxiety and toknow how to manage it with musical intervention. This literature review aims to gain knowledge of musical intervention in an eraof dentistry to manage dental phobia. To conclude, the effect of musical therapy on patients suffering from dental anxiety thedynamics of musical therapy should be considered.
Assessment of factors contributing to food insecurity to smallholder farmers in Mbulu district, Manyara region

This study on factors contributing to food insecurity to small holder farmers was carried out in Mbulu district, Manyara region from September to December 2010.The purpose was to analyze the food situation; identifying limiting factors for optimal food production and to identify various coping strategies employed by smallholder farmers in a situation of food insecurity in the study area. Data for this study was obtained by cross-sectional design whereby random sampling was used to select respondents from the study area. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to collect data for this study. Primary data was collected from farmers, extension agents and local leaders by using a questionnaire and checklist respectively. A sample of 120 respondents was randomly selected. Quantitative data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer program, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used. From the study, about 81.7 percent of the households were food insecure. Smallholder farmers in the study area are suffering from food shortage mainly because of low productivity of the sector and low access to food due dependency on farming as the major source of food and income. Agricultural productivity was low as it depends on seasonal rainfall which is inadequate, low hectares under cultivation and food loses due to pests and diseases. Other factors are limited use of modern technology, poor soils and in adequate extension services. Since agriculture play a major role in the reduction of food insecurity, a strategy on strengthening farming and non-farming activities linkages is likely to yield better results in terms of increasing self food production and income generation. On top of that there is need for the government to motivate extension service providers as well as farmers to be insisted to utilize the services effectively and efficiently. ii
PERINATAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL CARE WITH COVID-19

Purpose. To determine perinatal aspects of medical care for COVID-19. Materials and methods. 200 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized at the Kiev City Center for Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine were comprehensively examined: group 1 - 50 pregnant women with severe Covid-19 and group 2 - 150 pregnant women with moderate severity of the disease. Research results. Severe Covid-19 disease is observed in 12.2% of pregnant women, critical condition - in 7.5% of patients. Severe disease directly or indirectly determined a significantly higher incidence of pregnancy complications. First of all, this is placental insufficiency in the vast majority of patients (72.0%), which was manifested by fetal growth retardation and distress (in 32.0% and 48.0%). Half of the women experience oligohydramnios (50.0%), 38.0% have a threat of premature birth, and a third (30.0%) have premature birth. 44.0% of children are born in a state of asphyxia, 36.0% of children have manifestations of respiratory failure, and 16.0% have bilateral pneumonia. High incidence of neurological disorders (56.0%), gastrointestinal (50.0%), hypoglycemic (34.0%) and hemorrhagic (32.0%) syndromes. Testing of newborns for COVID-19 was positive in 6.0% of cases. 22.0% of children required intensive care unit care. Perinatal mortality was 0.4%. Conclusions. The identified high frequency of perinatal disorders in women with COVID-19 indicates the need for careful care for this category of pregnant women and their newborns, constant monitoring of vital functions, follow-up observation, and the development of clear algorithms for the actions of medical personnel depending on the patients’ condition.
Soil profile characterisation of Christchurch Central Business District strong motion stations

This paper presents an overview of the soil profile characteristics at strong motion station (SMS) locations in the Christchurch Central Business District (CBD) based on recently completed geotechnical site investigations. Given the variability of Christchurch soils, detailed investigations were needed in close vicinity to each SMS. In this regard, CPT, SPT and borehole data, and shear wave velocity (Vs) profiles from surface wave dispersion data in close vicinity to the SMSs have been used to develop detailed representative soil profiles at each site and to determine site classes according to the New Zealand standard NZS1170.5. A disparity between the NZS1170.5 site classes based on Vs and SPT N60 investigation techniques is highlighted, and additional studies are needed to harmonize site classification based on these techniques. The short period mode of vibration of soft deposits above gravels, which are found throughout Christchurch, are compared to the long period mode of vibration of the entire soil profile to bedrock. These two distinct modes of vibration require further investigation to determine their impact on the site response. According to current American and European approaches to seismic site classification, all SMSs were classified as problematic soil sites due to the presence of liquefiable strata, soils which are not directly accounted for by the NZS1170.5 approach.
Evaluating the Satisfaction of Passengers towards Metro Rail Services- Bangladesh Perspective

Bangladesh has launched the mass rapid transit (MRT) service for the first time in the transportation sector. The MRT has significantly brought access to instantaneous communication in one of the congested cities, Dhaka. Since the service is a brand-new offering in Bangladesh, there is a complete gap in research in this sector. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of service quality dimensions on passengers’ satisfaction with MRT in Bangladesh. The researchers used a convenient sampling method and collected primary data from 251 respondents who consumed the MRT service frequently. Using the reliable software Smart PLS 3.0, the data were analyzed. The researchers have examined Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and average variance extracted (AVE) to test the reliability and validity of the collected data. This study finds that the constructs namely tangibility, responsiveness, assurance, hedonic motivation, and price value are significant in determining passengers’ satisfaction with MRT. Price value is more significant followed by hedonic motivation and responsiveness. In contrast, statistics reveal that reliability and empathy are insignificant in nature.
Stroke-Specific Swimming Critical Speed Testing: Balancing Feasibility and Scientific Rigour

This study aimed to assess the reliability of a two-distance critical speed protocol in the specialist strokes of national-level swimmers and understand the practical feasibility of extending the protocol to increase its validity. Thirty-two national-level swimmers (butterfly n = 7; backstroke n = 8; breaststroke n = 7; front crawl n = 10) swum three 200-m and three 400-m performance trials over a three-week period. Critical speed and supra-critical speed distance capacity were computed from the linear modelling of the distance-time relationship. Swimmers were subsequently asked whether they felt they could or would want to complete an 800-m trial as part of a three-distance critical speed protocol to enhance validity. Both 200-m and 400-m performances (coefficient of variation of < 2%) and derived critical speed (typical error of ≤ 0.04 m·s−1; coefficient of variation of < 4%) were reliable for all strokes, while supra-critical speed distance capacity (typical error from 4 to 9 m; coefficient of variation from 13 to 45%) was not reliable. Response rates to the follow-up questions were 100%. Few butterfly swimmers said they felt they could complete an 800-m performance trial (39%), with more positive responses for breaststroke (71%), backstroke (100%), and front crawl swimmers (100%). Butterfly swimmers were significantly less likely to say they could or would want to complete an 800-m trial than backstroke and front crawl swimmers (p < 0.05). Including a third distance 800-m trial to increase critical speed validity would not be acceptable to butterfly swimmers, would be challenging to breaststroke swimmers, but would be acceptable to front crawl and backstroke swimmers.
Skillful seasonal forecasts of Arctic sea ice retreat and advance dates in a dynamical forecast system

The need for skillful seasonal forecasts of Arctic sea ice is rapidly increasing. Technology to perform such forecasts with coupled atmosphere‐ocean‐sea ice systems has only recently become available, with previous skill evaluations mainly limited to area‐integrated quantities. Here we show, based on a large set of retrospective ensemble model forecasts, that a dynamical forecast system produces skillful seasonal forecasts of local sea ice retreat and advance dates—variables that are of great interest to a wide range of end users. Advance dates can generally be skillfully predicted at longer lead times (~5 months on average) than retreat dates (~3 months). The skill of retreat date forecasts mainly stems from persistence of initial sea ice anomalies, whereas advance date forecasts benefit from longer time scale and more predictable variability in ocean temperatures. These results suggest that further investments in the development of dynamical seasonal forecast systems may result in significant socioeconomic benefits.
Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Inhibit the Proteolytic Activity and Cytopathic Effect of Naegleria fowleri Enzymes

Naegleria fowleri is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. As a part of the innate immune response at the mucosal level, the proteins lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme (Lz) are secreted and eliminate various microorganisms. We demonstrate that N. fowleri survives the individual and combined effects of bovine milk Lf (bLf) and chicken egg Lz (cLz). Moreover, amoebic proliferation was not altered, even at 24 h of co-incubation with each protein. Trophozoites’ ultrastructure was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, and these proteins did not significantly alter their organelles and cytoplasmic membranes. Protease analysis using gelatin-zymograms showed that secreted proteases of N. fowleri were differentially modulated by bLf and cLz at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The bLf and cLz combination resulted in the inhibition of N. fowleri-secreted proteases. Additionally, the use of protease inhibitors on bLf-zymograms demonstrated that secreted cysteine proteases participate in the degradation of bLf. Nevertheless, the co-incubation of trophozoites with bLf and/or cLz reduced the cytopathic effect on the MDCK cell line. Our study suggests that bLf and cLz, alone or together, inhibited secreted proteases and reduced the cytopathic effect produced by N. fowleri; however, they do not affect the viability and proliferation of the trophozoites.
Effect of irrigation, seeding date and fertilizer on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1992-93 and 1093 --I4 on si111dy loam soil of Ranchi, to study the effect of irrigation, seeding date and fertilizer 011 gn~wlh nntl yield of wheat (Triticrrrn aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Wheat crop receiving 4 irrignlion ~iii~i~ilaining higher leaf-area index (LAI), dry matter, crop-growth rate (CGR) and net assimil;~lion rille (NAR) resulted in 43 and 14% more grain yield than 2 (22.32 qlha) and 3 itrigations (27.86 qlhii) rcspcclively. 39% Timely-seeded crop (24 November) also recorded higher LAI, dry matter and CGR alitl gi~vc niore grain yield than late seeding 18 December (22.85 @a). Seeding beyond 24 Noveliibcr reduced Ilic grain yield by 37.5 kg/ha/day. Similarly, crop grown with 100% recommended fertilizer Iii~ving liiglicr LAI, NAR and dry-matter accumulation rate gave 35% more grain yield than 50% reco~i~nic~idcd lbrlilizer (23.3 1 qlha).
Fluid inclusions in the Denggezhuang lode gold deposit at Muping,Jiaodong Peninsula

Degezhuang gold deposit is currently the second largest lode gold deposit in the Muping-Rushan gold belt of Jiaodong Peninsula,eastern China.Gold occurs mainly in pyrite-and polymetallic sulfide-quartz vein/veinlet stockworks.Fluid inclusions in the altered wallrocks and gold ores show C-O-H fluids of three main types,namely H_2O-CO_2,CO_2-H_2O±CH_4 and aqueous inclusion. Early milk white quartz contains original H_2O-CO_2 inclusions and secondary CO_2-H_2O±CH_4 inclusions.In the pyrite quartz vein and polymetallic-sulphide quartz vein,CO_2-H_2O±CH_4 inclusions occur in isolation with large range of H_2O/CO_2,whereas the aqueous inclusions occur as secondary trails in microfractures cutting earlier quartz grains.On occasion CO_2-H_2O±CH_4 inclusions with variable aqueous phase were co-occurrence within the same clusters,and mostly homogenize to liquid or vapor at the same temperatures, indicating immiscibility did occur at the deposit.Quartz and calcite in the late ore-forming stage developed original aqueous inclusion. Microthermometric data show the homogenization temperatures(to liquid)of the CO_2-H_2O inclusions in the early ore-stage fall in the range between 254 and 365℃. Homogenization temperatures,obtained mainly from inclusions with relatively small CO_2±CH_4 bubbles in the main ore-stages,range from 195 to 317℃. Homogenization temperatures(to liquid)of the aqueous inclusions in the late stage range from 156 to 219℃。 The initial auriferous fluids were CO_2-dominant,and were gradually evolved into the increased amount of CH_4 in the main ore-stages and into H_2O-riched fluids with low temperature in the late stage.Fluid-wallrock interaction and fluid immiscibility possibly led to the gold precipitation.
The Energy Decay of Warm‐Core Eddies in the Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is home to some of the most energetic eddies in the ocean. Warm‐core rings detach from the Loop‐Current and drift through the basin, transporting large amounts of heat and salt. These eddies, known as Loop Current rings (LCRs) have a crucial role in the GoM's dynamics and in the weather of the eastern US, and this role is largely conditioned by their longevity and decay properties. Here, we use an empirical method to estimate the energy evolution of all LCRs detached since 1993. We found that, contrary to the commonly accepted idea that LCRs conserve their energy as they drift through the GoM and decay suddenly against the western platform, LCRs' energy decay is faster in the eastern basin, and they typically lose three‐quarter of their energy before encountering the continental shelf. We also show that wind‐current feedback contributes to the energy decay and conversion.
Enhanced Antimalarial Activity of Extracts of Artemisia annua L. Achieved with Aqueous Solutions of Salicylate Salts and Ionic Liquids

Artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria, can be chemically synthesized or extracted from Artemisia annua L. However, the extraction method for artemisinin from biomass needs to be more sustainable while maintaining or enhancing its bioactivity. This work investigates the use of aqueous solutions of salts and ionic liquids with hydrotropic properties as alternative solvents for artemisinin extraction from Artemisia annua L. Among the investigated solvents, aqueous solutions of cholinium salicylate and sodium salicylate were found to be the most promising. To optimize the extraction process, a response surface method was further applied, in which the extraction time, hydrotrope concentration, and temperature were optimized. The optimized conditions resulted in extraction yields of up to 6.50 and 6.44 mg·g–1, obtained with aqueous solutions of sodium salicylate and cholinium salicylate, respectively. The extracts obtained were tested for their antimalarial activity, showing a higher efficacy against the Plasmodium falciparum strain compared with pure (synthetic) artemisinin or extracts obtained with conventional organic solvents. Characterization of the extracts revealed the presence of artemisinin together with other compounds, such as artemitin, chrysosplenol D, arteannuin B, and arteannuin J. These compounds act synergistically with artemisinin and enhance the antimalarial activity of the obtained extracts. Given the growing concern about artemisinin resistance, the results here obtained pave the way for the development of sustainable and biobased antimalarial drugs.
Die rezente horizontale Hauptspannungsrichtung im Rotliegenden und Oberkarbon in Norddeutschland

For many years BEB has performed studies to analyse the maximum horizontal principal stress direction in the Rotliegendes and Upper Carboniferous geological formations. These formations are two of the main gas-bearing g reservoirs in North Germany. The direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress is a significant information in order to optimize borehole stability for horizontal / slanted wells, to plan induced hydraulic fracs, to evaluate geologic models for naturally fractured reservoirs and to estimate the sealing potential offaults. The methods used to obtain the maximum horizontal principal stress direction from wells are BOL * (Breakout Orientation Logs, using the Borehole Geometry Logs) and WVA (Wave Velocity Analysis, using cores). This report includes the analysis of 64 wells, presents several maps with maximum principal stress direction and gives an interpretation of the results. The maximum horizontal principal stress direction changes continuously from NW-SE in the western part to NNE-SSW in the eastern region. These results correlate with the tectonic situation of the North European plate being under compression from NW-NNW by the Island plate and from SE-SSE by the African plate. Another result ofthe study is that large faults cause a deviation from the regional stress direction to a stress direction that is parallel to the strike of the fault.