Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FIXREVERTER: A Realistic Bug Injection Methodology for Benchmarking Fuzz Testing

Fuzz testing is an active area of research with proposed improvements published at a rapid pace. Such proposals are assessed empirically : Can they be shown to perform better than the status quo? Such an assessment requires a benchmark of target programs with well-identiﬁed, realistic bugs. To ease the construction of such a benchmark, this paper presents F IX R EVERTER , a tool that automatically injects realistic bugs in a program. F IX R EVERTER takes as input a bugﬁx pattern which contains both code syntax and semantic conditions. Any code site that matches the speciﬁed syntax is undone if the semantic conditions are satisﬁed, as checked by static analysis, thus (re)introducing a likely bug. This paper focuses on three bugﬁx patterns, which we call conditional-abort , conditional-execute , and conditional-assign , based on a study of ﬁxes in a corpus of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs). Using F IX R EVERTER we have built R EV B UG B ENCH , which consists of 10 programs into which we have injected nearly 8,000 bugs; the programs are taken from FuzzBench and Binutils, and represent common targets of fuzzing evaluations. We have integrated R EV B UG B ENCH into the FuzzBench service, and used it to evaluate ﬁve fuzzers. Fuzzing performance varies by fuzzer and program, as de-sired/expected. Overall, 219 unique bugs were reported, 19% of which were detected by just one fuzzer.
High Interpretable Transfer Network for Aspect Level Sentiment Classification

Aspect-level affective classification (ASC) aims to detect the affective polarity of a given viewpoint target in a sentence. In the ASC method based on neural network, most of the work uses the attention mechanism to capture the sentiment words corresponding to the opinion target, and then gather them as evidence to infer the emotion of the target. However, due to the complexity of annotation, the scale of aspect level data sets is relatively small. Data scarcity leads to the attention mechanism sometimes unable to pay attention to the sentiment words corresponding to the target, which finally weakens the performance of the neural model. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a complete High Interpretable Transfer Network transfer learning framework (HITN), which adopts methods such as data enhancement, attention adjustment and transfer to effectively improve the performance of ASC model. A large number of experimental results show that our method has always been all the previous migration methods in this field, even compared with some complex models.
Interconnecting Networks of Practice for Professional Learning.

The article explores the complementary connections between communities of practice and the ways in which individuals orchestrate their engagement with others to further their professional learning. It does so by reporting on part of a research project conducted in New Zealand on teachers’ online professional learning in a university graduate diploma program on ICT education. Evolving from social constructivist pedagogy for online professional development, the research describes how teachers create their own networks of practice as they blend online and offline interactions with fellow learners and workplace colleagues. Teachers’ perspectives of their professional learning activities challenge the way universities design formal online learning communities and highlight the potential for networked learning in the zones and intersections between professional practice and study. The article extends the concepts of Lave and Wenger’s (1991) communities of practice social theory of learning by considering the role participants play in determining their engagement and connections in and across boundaries between online learning communities and professional practice. It provides insights into the applicability of connectivist concepts for developing online pedagogies to promote socially networked learning and for emphasising the role of the learner in defining their learning pathways.
Cross-sections for planetary systems interacting with passing stars and binaries

Most planetary systems are formed within stellar clusters, and these environments can shape their properties. This paper considers scattering encounters between solar systems and passing cluster members, and calculates the corresponding interaction cross sections. The target solar systems are generally assumed to have four giant planets, with a variety of starting states, including circular orbits with the semimajor axes of our planets, a more compact configuration, an ultra-compact state with multiple mean motion resonances, and systems with massive planets. We then consider the effects of varying the cluster velocity dispersion, the relative importance of binaries versus single stars, different stellar host masses, and finite starting eccentricities of the planetary orbits. For each state of the initial system, we perform an ensemble of numerical scattering experiments and determine the cross sections for eccentricity increase, inclination angle increase, planet ejection, and capture. This paper reports results from over 2 million individual scattering simulations. Using supporting analytic considerations, and fitting functions to the numerical results, we find a universal formula that gives the cross sections as a function of stellar host mass, cluster velocity dispersion, starting planetary orbital radius, and final eccentricity. The resulting cross sections can be used in a wide variety of applications. As one example, we revisit constraints on the birth aggregate of our Solar System due to dynamical scattering and find $N<10^4$ (consistent with previous estimates).
Thermodynamics with fractal structure, Tsallis statistics and hadrons

A system presenting fractal structure in its thermodynamical functions is introduced, and it is shown that Tsallis statistics is the correct framework for describing the thermodynamical aspects of such fractal. Its Haussdorf dimension and its Lipshitz-H\"older exponent are determined in terms of the entropic index $q$. The connections with the intermittency in experimental data is discussed. The thermodynamical aspects of the thermofractal is related to the microscopic interaction of its components through the S-matrix.
Novel Chapter Abstractive Summarization using Spinal Tree Aware Sub-Sentential Content Selection

Summarizing novel chapters is a difficult task due to the input length and the fact that sentences that appear in the desired summaries draw content from multiple places throughout the chapter. We present a pipelined extractive-abstractive approach where the extractive step filters the content that is passed to the abstractive component. Extremely lengthy input also results in a highly skewed dataset towards negative instances for extractive summarization; we thus adopt a margin ranking loss for extraction to encourage separation between positive and negative examples. Our extraction component operates at the constituent level; our approach to this problem enriches the text with spinal tree information which provides syntactic context (in the form of constituents) to the extraction model. We show an improvement of 3.71 Rouge-1 points over best results reported in prior work on an existing novel chapter dataset.
EVOLUTION OF THE DUST/GAS ENVIRONMENT AROUND HERBIG Ae/Be STARS

Using the KOSMA 3 m telescope, 54 Herbig Ae/Be (HAe/Be) stars were surveyed in CO and 13CO emission lines. The properties of the stars and their circumstellar environments were studied by fitting spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The mean line width of 13CO (2−1) lines of this sample is 1.87 km s−1. The average column density of H2 is found to be 4.9 × 1021 cm−2 for stars younger than 106 yr, while this drops to 2.5 × 1021 cm−2 for those older than 106 yr. No significant difference is found among the SEDs of HAe and HBe stars of the same age. Infrared excess decreases with age, envelope masses and envelope accretion rates decease with age after 105 yr, the average disk mass of the sample is 3.3 × 10−2 M☉, the disk accretion rate decreases more slowly than the envelope accretion rate, and a strong correlation between the CO line intensity and the envelope mass is found.
Gestational bisphenol A exposure impacts hepatic lipid metabolism in male offspring rats by regulating mTOR/CRTC2/SREBP1

Lipid metabolism is an important biochemical process in the body. Recent studies have found that environmental endocrine disruptors play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Bisphenol A (BPA), a common environmental endocrine disruptor, has adverse effects on lipid metabolism, but the mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gestational BPA exposure on hepatic lipid metabolism and its possible mechanism in male offspring. The pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to BPA (0, 0.05, 0.5, 5 mg/kg/day) from day 5 to day 19 of gestation to investigate the level of triglyceride (TG) and the expression of liver lipid metabolism-related genes in male offspring rats. The results showed that compared with the control group, the TG level in serum and liver in BPA-exposed groups was increased. And the expressions of liver fatty acid oxidation related genes, such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (CPT1α), were down-regulated. However, the expressions of fatty acid synthesis related genes, such as sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1 (SREBP-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1), were up-regulated. The increased protein levels of mTOR and p-CRTC2 suggested that CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) might be an important mediator in the mTOR/SREBP-1 pathway. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that mTOR/CRTC2/SREBP-1 could be affected by gestational BPA exposure, which may involve in the lipid metabolic disorders in later life. fatty acid We proposed the mTOR/CRTC2/SREBP-1 the effects of prenatal on liver fatty acid synthesis in male offspring. as downstream mediator may in the regulation of and thus promoting provides a novel into the established correlations between early-life and lipid metabolism Furthermore, these data might indicate that prenatal to basal gene of lipid metabolism in adult rat This the for to environmental during
CrowdChecked: Detecting Previously Fact-Checked Claims in Social Media

While there has been substantial progress in developing systems to automate fact-checking, they still lack credibility in the eyes of the users. Thus, an interesting approach has emerged: to perform automatic fact-checking by verifying whether an input claim has been previously fact-checked by professional fact-checkers and to return back an article that explains their decision. This is a sensible approach as people trust manual fact-checking, and as many claims are repeated multiple times. Yet, a major issue when building such systems is the small number of known tweet–verifying article pairs available for training. Here, we aim to bridge this gap by making use of crowd fact-checking, i.e., mining claims in social media for which users have responded with a link to a fact-checking article. In particular, we mine a large-scale collection of 330,000 tweets paired with a corresponding fact-checking article. We further propose an end-to-end framework to learn from this noisy data based on modified self-adaptive training, in a distant supervision scenario. Our experiments on the CLEF’21 CheckThat! test set show improvements over the state of the art by two points absolute. Our code and datasets are available at https://github.com/mhardalov/crowdchecked-claims
Noncognitive Variables in College Admissions The Case of the Non-Cognitive Questionnaire

The Non-Cognitive Questionnaire (NCQ) is a 23-item measure assessing eight noncognitive variables that are thought to predict the performance and retention of students in college. The NCQ is widely used in research and practice. This study is a meta-analytic review of the validity of scores on the NCQ across 47 independent samples for predicting academic outcomes ( N = 9,321). Across all analyses, none of the scales of the NCQ are adequate predictors of GPA or persistence in college. Based on their evaluation of the NCQ, the authors recommend against its use for research or practice.
On the Use of Entity Embeddings from Pre-Trained Language Models for Knowledge Graph Completion

Recent work has found that entity representations can be extracted from pre-trained language models to develop knowledge graph completion models that are more robust to the naturally occurring sparsity found in knowledge graphs. In this work, we explore how to best extract and incorporate those embeddings. We explore the suitability of the extracted embeddings for direct use in entity ranking and introduce both unsupervised and supervised processing methods that can lead to improved downstream performance. We then introduce supervised embedding extraction methods and demonstrate that we can extract more informative representations. We also examine the effect of language model selection and ﬁnd that the choice of model can have a significant impact. We then synthesize our ﬁndings and develop a knowledge graph completion model that signiﬁcantly outperforms recent neural models. 1
Enhanced Thermoelectric Efficiency of Cement-Based Materials with Cuprous Oxide for Sustainable Buildings

The thermoelectric effect of plain cement paste is usually weak. To improve the thermoelectric performance of cement composites, functional components, such as carbon fibers, steel fibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are often added to cement paste. In view of the advantage of metal oxides with a higher band gap, pure cuprous oxide crystals with different particle sizes were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and incorporated into the cement matrix to improve the thermoelectric efficiency of cement composites in this study. Pure cuprous oxide crystals with different particle sizes (15 μm, 1.5 μm, and 100 nm) were prepared by controlling the reaction temperature and time, pH value, amount of reducing agent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone in the reaction system. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of the cement composites with 5.0 wt. % nanostructured Cu2O powder increased to 3966 ± 54 μV/K, (2.68 ± 0.12) × 10−4 S/m, and 0.69 ± 0.007 W/(m·K), respectively. Thereby, a high figure of merit value of 1.93 × 10−6 was obtained for the cement composites, which made future application of cement composites in energy harvesting for buildings possible.
COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis- An overview

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT Mucormycosis, also known as the black fungus, made severe chaos in India during the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic by its sudden and catastropic surge with high mortality rate.A rare type of opportunistic and aggressive fungalpathogen called mucormycetes causes this serious life threatening infection in patients with compromised immune system. The predisposing factors are increase in the number of poorly managed Diabetes Mellitus (DM), organ transplantations, patients with malignancy and frequency of natural disasters and trauma. In India, there has been reports of increase in cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The exact cause of its sharp rise suddenly and specifically during the second wave remains debatable. DM is an independent risk factor for both severe COVID-19 and mucormycosis.However, an early detection of mucormycosis is essential since it enhances the likelihood of the condition to get better. An immediate antifungal therapy, surgical debridement where necessary, and the reversal of underlying risk factors can be used to treat mucormycosis effectively.
Tuning the electronic structure of graphene by ion irradiation

Mechanically exfoliated graphene layers deposited on ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ substrate were irradiated with ${\text{Ar}}^{+}$ ions in order to experimentally study the effect of atomic scale defects and disorder on the low-energy electronic structure of graphene. The irradiated samples were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements, which reveal that defect sites, besides acting as scattering centers for electrons through local modification of the on-site potential, also induce disorder in the hopping amplitudes. The most important consequence of the induced disorder is the substantial reduction in the Fermi velocity, revealed by bias-dependent imaging of electron-density oscillations observed near defect sites.
Resonant radiation shed by dispersive shock waves

We analyze resonant radiation emitted by dispersive shock waves owing to higher-order dispersive corrections of the leading term in the defocusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation. We give criteria for calculating the radiated frequency based on an analytical estimate of the shock velocity and reveal a diversity of scenarios controllable via the corrections, ranging from the radiation-induced transition of the dispersive shock into a classical-type shock to the qualitative modification of the underlying gradient catastrophe or the competition between different breaking mechanisms.
A Catalog of Faculae, Prominences, and Filaments for the Period 1929–1944 from the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra

The Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra (Portugal) published a catalog with solar observations such as sunspots, faculae, prominences, and filaments for the period 1929–1944. In previous works, a machine-readable version on sunspot observations made in Coimbra was published. Here we extend that work and present a digital version of the facula, prominence, and filament observations made in that observatory. We have applied a quality control to the catalog, obtaining that the percentage of problematic or suspicious data found is lower than 1% of the total number of observations. In addition, we show an analysis of this catalog, as well as some comparisons between solar indices calculated from Coimbra data and those from other sources. Historical observations of faculae, prominences, and filaments are not as common as sunspot records, and in addition, few historical series of these solar features are available in digital version. For that reason, the catalog of solar observations published by the Coimbra Observatory is of enormous value. The recovery, publication, and availability of this catalog provide the scientific community with a valuable data set of solar characteristics that will help us to study in more detail the past solar magnetic field and long-term solar activity.
On the running of the spectral index to all orders: a new model-dependent approach to constrain inflationary models

In conventional model-independent approaches, the power spectrum of primordial perturbations is characterized by such free parameters as the spectral index, its running, the running of running, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio. In this work we show that, at least for simple inflationary potentials, one can find the primordial scalar and tensor power spectra exactly by resumming over all the running terms. In this model-dependent method, we expand the power spectra about the pivot scale to find the series terms as functions of the e-folding number for some single field models of inflation. Interestingly, for the viable models studied here, one can sum over all the terms and evaluate the exact form of the power spectra. This in turn gives more accurate parametrization of the specific models studied in this work. We finally compare our results with recent cosmic microwave background data to find that our new power spectra are in good agreement with the data.
Intermediate ocean circulation and cryosphere dynamics in the northeast Atlantic during Heinrich Stadials: benthic foraminiferal assemblage response

The interaction between ocean circulation and ice‐sheet dynamics plays a key role in the Quaternary climate. Compared with the surface and deep regions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the study of intermediate depths during key time periods, such as Heinrich Stadials (HSs), remains poorly documented, especially for the northeast Atlantic. Here we use benthic foraminiferal assemblage data to trace palaeoenvironmental changes from ~32 to 14 ka cal bp at ~1000 m depth in the Bay of Biscay. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of foraminifera, with species‐specific responses, to continental (European Ice Sheet dynamics) and marine (AMOC) forcing factors during the last three HSs. In general, HSs were characterised by the concomitant presence of meso‐oligotrophic and anoxia indicator species and the low abundance of high‐energy indicator species. This confirms an overall sluggish intermediate circulation during the three HSs in the northeast Atlantic. HS1 is distinctive for its abundance of high‐organic flux indicator species during its early phase. This is consistent with the fact that HS1 was by far the most important period of ice‐sheet retreat and meltwater release into the ocean over the studied time interval. Finally, foraminifera depict the mid‐HS2 reventilation event due to regional glacier instabilities.
Relief and climate influence on isotopic composition of Atlantic‐Mediterranean karst spring waters (Andalusia, southern Spain)

The geographic location of Andalusia, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and its great topographic and climate diversity enable the analysis of different factors that condition the isotopic composition of precipitation and groundwater. A total of 42 karst springs representative of the main carbonate aquifers were selected in order to sample the base flow waters during the summer of 2020. Isotopic analyses revealed that groundwater δ18O was between −5.04 and −9.85‰ while that of δ2H was between −26.39 and −62.69‰. Weighted mean isotopic data for precipitation, from six IAEA stations in the study area, was between −4.67 and −9.06‰ for δ18O, and between −24.93 and −58.99 ‰ for δ2H. The results showed that diffuse flow groundwaters are lighter and have higher d‐excess than meteoric waters, which may be due to preferential recharge during winter months and the sub‐cloud evaporation effect. The spatial variation of d‐excess, with average values around 14 ‰ in the Atlantic watershed and 17 ‰ in the Mediterranean watershed, has showed for the first time the effect of the Atlantic‐Mediterranean divide on the isotopic composition of spring waters. Furthermore, a progressive decrease in δ18O towards the east of the study area seems to be related to the effects of continentality and altitude. This also allowed us to conclude that, in the areas with highest rainfall, springs drain waters with a relatively higher content of heavy isotopes than expected from the regional altitudinal gradient, while springs in drier areas discharge lighter waters. These differences can be attributed to a longer recharge period in the former, which extends in the warmer months or autumn and spring.