Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Insights on the Spatial Ecology, Population Demography, and Sexual Dimorphism of the Critically Endangered Sulawesi Forest Turtle (Leucocephalon yuwonoi)

Abstract. Sulawesi Forest Turtles (Leucocephalon yuwonoi) are critically endangered and endemic to the island of Sulawesi. We conducted radiotelemetry and capture–mark–recapture to study their spatial ecology, habitat selection, activity patterns, and demography in February–April and June–July, 2019. The average area occupied by 14 turtles using the minimum convex polygon (MCP) method was 0.49 ± 0.42 ha (standard deviation [SD]), whereas using the fixed 50% kernel density method averaged 0.076 ± 0.061 ha (SD). Males (mean = 0.53 ± 0.40 ha, N = 7) occupied a larger area (MCP method) than females (mean = 0.44 ± 0.46 ha, N = 7) but the difference was not statistically significant. Turtles took refuge in habitat containing significantly more canopy cover, broadleaf plant cover, and more and deeper ground cover than that in random plots. Males were predominantly active at night and females were exclusively so. We caught 25 adult females, 16 adult males, and 38 unsexed juveniles in two stream sections. Estimated population size (95% confidence intervals) in the lower stream was 17 turtles (15–28) in the wet season and 10 turtles (8–21) in the dry season. The population estimate in the upper stream was 25 (24–33) and 13 (9–28) turtles in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Our study provides important baseline ecological data that can be used to inform future conservation and recovery programs for the species.
Mechanisms of Silicon Surface Passivation by Negatively Charged Hafnium Oxide Thin Films

We have studied the mechanisms underpinning effective surface passivation of silicon with hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin films grown via atomic layer deposition (ALD). Plasma-enhanced ALD with O2 plasma and a tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium precursor was used to deposit 12 nm thick HfO2 films at 200 °C on high-lifetime 5 Ωcm n-type Czochralski silicon wafers. The passivation was activated by postdeposition annealing, with 30 min in air at 475 °C found to be the most effective. High-resolution grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements revealed the film crystallized between 325 and 375 °C, and this coincided with the onset of good passivation. Once crystallized, the level of passivation continued to increase with higher annealing temperatures, exhibiting a peak at 475 °C and yielding surface recombination velocities of <5 cm s−1 at 5 × 1014 cm−3 injection. A steady decrease in effective lifetime was then observed for activation temperatures >475 °C. By superacid repassivation, we demonstrated this reduction in lifetime was not because of a decrease in the bulk lifetime, but rather because of changes in the passivating films themselves. Kelvin probe measurements showed the films are negatively charged. Corona charging experiments showed the charge magnitude is of order 1012 qcm−2 and that the reduced passivation above 475 °C was mainly because of a loss of chemical passivation. Our study, therefore, demonstrates the development of highly charged HfO2 films and quantifies their benefits as a standalone passivating film for silicon-based solar cells.
Molecular dissociation and two low-temperature high-pressure phases of H 2 S

We performed powder x-ray experiments on hydrogen sulfide $({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{S})$ under high pressure at room and low temperatures. Phase V appearing above $27\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{GPa}$ at room temperature was confirmed by x ray to be associated with a molecular dissociation. The molecular dissociation was first observed at $150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ at a higher pressure around $43\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{GPa}$. Two new low-temperature high-pressure phases ${\text{III}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${\text{IV}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ were discovered. Spiral chains of sulfur atoms are found in both phases as well as in phase IV.
Degradation of HDAC10 by autophagy promotes IRF3-mediated antiviral innate immune responses

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play important roles in immunity and inflammation. Through functional screening, we identified HDAC10 as an inhibitor of the type I interferon (IFN) response mediated by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). HDAC10 abundance was decreased in mouse macrophages in response to innate immune stimuli and was reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with that in PBMCs from healthy donors. Deficiency in HDAC10 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in mice promoted the expression of genes encoding type I IFNs and of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), leading to enhanced antiviral responses in vitro and in vivo. HDAC10 bound in a deacetylase-independent manner to IRF3 in uninfected cells to inhibit the phosphorylation of IRF3 at Ser396 by TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Upon viral infection, HDAC10 was targeted for autophagy-mediated degradation through its interaction with LC3-II. Consequently, IRF3 phosphorylation was increased, which resulted in enhanced type I IFN production and antiviral responses. Our findings identify a potential target for improving host defense responses against pathogen infection and for treating autoimmune disease. Description Degradation of HDAC10 during viral infection releases a brake on the induction of the type I interferon response. HDAC10 inhibits antiviral immunity Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical mediators of the antiviral immune response but are also implicated in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Zhou et al. found that the abundance of the histone deacetylase HDAC10 was reduced in mouse macrophages in response to various innate immune stimuli. Under unstimulated conditions, HDAC10 interacted with the transcriptional regulator IRF3, preventing its phosphorylation by the kinase TBK1. Upon viral infection, HDAC10 was degraded, enabling IRF3 phosphorylation and activation, as well as induction of the type I IFN response. HDAC10 abundance in immune cells was reduced in patients with SLE compared to healthy controls. These results suggest that HDAC10 may be a potential therapeutic target in the control of viral infections and type I IFN–associated autoimmune diseases. —JFF
Polarization properties of tilted fiber Bragg gratings for novel sensing modalities

Fiber Bragg gratings with grating planes inclined relative to the fiber cross section can be used to excite a large number of cladding modes in a few tens of nm of spectral bandwidth. Each of these modes responds differentially to various perturbations, thereby enabling many sensing modalities from a single sensor design. In particular, we show here that the polarization state of the input core mode light further enhances the sensing options and show that polarization dependent loss (PDL) can be used to increase the sensitivity of refractometric and surface plasmon resonance sensors.
A fibre optic humidity sensor based on a long-period fibre grating coated with a thin film of SiO2 nanospheres

A novel sensing configuration for measuring humidity based on a long-period fibre grating coated with a thin film of silica nanospheres is proposed. The polymeric overlay is deposited on the grating using the electrostatic self-assembly technique. This thin film changes its optical properties when exposed to different humidity levels that translate into a shift of the resonance wavelength of the fibre grating. Wavelength shifts up to 12 nm in a relative humidity range from 20% to 80% are reported, and it is further demonstrated that such humidity sensitivity has negligible thermal dependence.
Defining “happy” in happy birthday: Singing accuracy a construct based on range and intervals

Singing in tune, or singing accuracy, is a construct dependent on genre, key selection, singers’ ranges, and listener expectations. But across genres, singers are expected to sing in tune with themselves and with others. Because singing a familiar song may be the most common communal singing situation in the lives of non-professional singers and students, we chose to examine previously reported data on the Happy Birthday song as representative of one typical example of a popular song globally and used in previous research. The participants were adult non-professional singers. We designed a predictive model of performance on the large ascending octave based on initial interval performance, providing implications for music education in children or adults and by exploring variables such as range, voice register, and key modulation. We conclude that while initial performance may predict subsequent performance, features such as singer’s range and starting pitch may also account for variability in individual performance.
Plasma wave turbulence around the shuttle: Results from the Spacelab‐2 flight

During the Spacelab-2 flight, which occurred from July 29, to August 6, 1985, a spacecraft called the Plasma Diagnostics Package (PDP) was released from the shuttle to explore the plasma environment around the shuttle. The plasma wave instrument on the PDP detected a region of intense broadband turbulence around the shuttle at frequencies extending from a few Hz to about 10 kHz. The noise has broadband intensities ranging from 1 to 5 mV/m and was observed at distances of up to 400 m from the shuttle. The highest intensities occurred in the region downstream of the shuttle and along magnetic field lines passing near the shuttle. The intensities also tended to increase during periods of high thruster activity, which provides strong evidence that the noise is caused by an interaction of the ionosphere with gaseous emissions from the shuttle, similar in many respects to the interaction of a comet with the solar wind. Antenna interference patterns observed in the wideband data show that the wavelength of the turbulence is very short, a few meters or less.
Does the expertise of the audit committee chairperson moderate the association between audit committee attributes and firm performance?

The current research aims to examine how audit committee (AC) attributes affect firm performance in the finance sector. Its main goal is to determine if the audit committee chairperson’s (ACC) experience has a moderating effect on the relationship between AC attributes and the financial firm’s performance. The directors who have sufficient experience are valued as intellectual resources by the companies for which they make decisions (Beasley, 1996). In addition, Turley and Zaman (2007) found that the audit committee chairperson’s individual power has a substantial effect on firm performance. This study used data from 44 financial sector companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2019, totalling 195 firm-year observations. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions were employed. According to the study’s results, AC independence has a significant impact on the performance of financial companies. However, the AC chairman’s expertise (ACCEXP) had no moderating impact on the association between AC independence and firm performance. On the contrary, the findings indicate that ACCEXP has a significant moderating impact on the association between AC meetings, AC size and firm performance.
Wall clusters and domain structure conversions

The significance of wall clusters, which is a new concept in the theory of soft magnetic materials, is experimentally demonstrated in thin Permalloy configurations. The wall cluster is a collection of domain walls that have one intersection line in common. The transformation of the domain structures takes place through a coherent movement of the domain walls. The correlation between the walls is especially dominant at the intersection line of the walls, called the cluster knot. Relations for the mutual positions of the walls in the wall clusters of great practical relevance are derived explicitly and verified experimentally. The domain structure is formed by the concatenation of wall clusters. The clock sense of the rotation over the walls in the clusters determine which walls of two clusters are linked during the formation of the domain structure. The creation of new clusters takes place through the unfolding of the walls of the clusters which originally coincide with the so-called creation line. As is demonstrated fully, the application of these ideas improves the insight into the complex process of domain structure transformations.
Grafting of maleic anhydride on poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composites augments their ability to support osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

Implantation of bone substitutes is the treatment of choice for bone defects exceeding a critical size, when self-healing becomes impossible. The use of 3D printing techniques allows the construction of scaffolds with customized properties. However, there is a lack of suitable materials for bone replacement. In this study, maleic anhydride-grafted poly (lactic acid) (MAPLA) was investigated as a potential compatibilizer agent for 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites, in order to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of the scaffolds. The grafting process was performed by reactive processing in a torque rheometer, with the evaluation of the use of different concentrations of maleic anhydride (MA). The success of the grafting reaction was confirmed by titration of acid groups and spectroscopic analyses, indicating the presence of succinic anhydride groups on the PLA chain. Morphological analysis of the PLA/HA 3D scaffolds, using SEM, revealed that the use of the compatibilizer resulted in a structure free from voids and holes. The compatibilization also increased the degradation process. On the other hand, TGA and DSC analyses revealed that the use of a compatibilizer had little effect on the thermal properties of the composite. Most importantly, the samples with compatibilizer were demonstrated to have a minimal cytotoxic effect on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), promoting the osteogenic differentiation of these cells in a medium without the addition of classical osteogenic factors. Therefore, the grafting of PLA/HA composites improved their physicochemical and biological properties, especially the induction of MSC osteogenic differentiation, demonstrating the potential of these scaffolds for bone tissue replacement.
Outcomes of early versus delayed trabeculotomy for primary congenital glaucoma

In patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) causes abnormal eye growth. This study compared the outcomes of children with PCG who underwent ab externo trabeculotomy (TROC) at age ≤ 6 months (early TROC) and of those who underwent TROC at age > 6 months (delayed TROC).
Highly sensitive detector for submillimeter wavelength range

A highly sensitive detector of submillimeter wavelength radiation is reported. The detector consists of a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) and a metallic single-electron transistor (SET). The SET detects change in the potential distribution induced by photon absorption within the QD. We have fabricated and studied this detector at wavelengths longer than 200μm. High sensitivity, ∼10−20W∕Hz in terms of noise equivalent power, is found. Further optimization of the detector design is suggested.
The rank of the second Gaussian map for general curves

Let X be a smooth, projective curve of genus g and let L be a line bundle on X. Consider the product X ×X, with the projections p1, p2 to the factors, and the natural morphism p to the symmetric product X(2). One has p∗(p ∗ 1L ⊗ p2L) = L ⊕ L−, where L± are the invariant and anti-invariant line bundles with respect to the involution (x, y) 7→ (y, x). One has H(L) ∼= SymH0(L) and H0(L−) ∼= ∧H(L). Restriction to the diagonal of X(2) gives rise to two maps
Web-based support for spouses of patients with life-threatening illness cared for in specialized home care - A feasibility study.

OBJECTIVES Psychoeducational interventions for family caregivers have shown to be effective but not possible for all caregivers to attend; thus, web-based interventions may be a complement. This study aimed to evaluate feasibility of a web-based intervention, "narstaende.se," from the perspective of spouses of patients receiving specialized home care. METHODS A website was developed, containing videos with conversations between health-care professionals and family caregivers (actors), informative texts, links to further information, and a chat forum. The aim of the website is to provide support and promote preparedness for caregiving and death, and the content is theoretically and empirically grounded. The study had a descriptive cross-sectional design. Altogether, 26 spouses answered a questionnaire, before accessing the website, and 4 weeks after this, 12 spouses were interviewed. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used. RESULTS Spouses experienced the website as being easy to use, welcoming, and with relevant content. Participating spouses would recommend "narstaende.se" to others in similar situations, and the majority found the website introduced timely. Videos seemed easily accessible and were most used, contributing to a feeling of recognition and sharing the situation. The online format was perceived as flexible, but still not all spouses visited the website, stating the desire for support in real life. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS A web-based intervention can be feasible for spouses in specialized home care; however, the digital format is not suitable for everyone. Further research is needed to determine the website's potential to provide support and increase preparedness for family caregivers in general.
The Generalized Diffusion-Convection Equation

Starting from the Boltzmann equation, a transport equation is derived for energetic particles in a moving magnetized plasma in which the scattering centers that keep the particles quasi-isotropic are moving with a velocity that is not necessarily the same as that of the plasma. The scattering is characterized by three very loose constraints: (1) there is a rest frame for each scatterer in which the particles scatter elastically; (2) in this frame the scattering will not disturb an isotropic distribution; and (3) the momentum transfer in an average collision may be described by a tensor operating on the particles original momentum. Since the strength of the scattering is not specified, the derivation should be as valid for plasma microturbulence as for hard-sphere scattering. The results show clearly which phenomena are responsible for tying the particles to the plasma in the transport equation. 31 refs.
Mediating role of communion, agency, and private practice on the relationship of spiritual experience and prosocial behavior of the Catholic Youth in the Philippines

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown associations between spiritual experience and prosocial behaviour. However, the mechanism between spiritual experience and prosocial behaviour has not been thoroughly studied. We argue that communion, agency, and private practice explain their relationship. Spiritual experience cultivates communion by forming a connection with others. Spiritual experience increases the sense of self or agency, which leads to prosocial behaviour by being more sensitive to one’s sense of self. Private practice mediates between spiritual experience and prosocial behaviour. We tested the model by evaluating the responses of 1316 participants who completed the prosocial behaviour, communion, agency, private practice, and spiritual experience scale. Process macro model 4 was used to analyse the mediation. The results show that agency, communion, and private practice partially mediate between spiritual experience and prosocial behaviour. Emphasis is placed on the value of positive interaction, sense of self, and personal spiritual activities in expressing prosocial behaviour.
Recursive least squares based estimation schemes for self‐tuning control

Recursive Least Squares (RLS) is the most popular parametric identification method used for on-line process model estimation and self-tuning control. The basic least squares scheme is outlined in this paper and its lack of ability to track changing process parameters is illustrated and explained. Several variants of the basic algorithm which have appeared elsewhere in the literature are discussed. Some of these algorithms contain different modifications to the basic scheme which are intended to prevent this loss of alertness to changing process parameters. Other variations of the least squares algorithm are presented which attempt to deal with parameter estimation in the presence of disturbances and unmodelled process dynamics.
The treatment of PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers using imagery rescripting within an NHS setting

Abstract Background: Refugees and asylum seekers present with high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), whilst little research has been conducted to assess the effectiveness or acceptability of psychological interventions for this group. Imagery rescripting is effective in reducing distressing intrusive memories within a range of conditions. The current study evaluates this approach for the treatment of PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers within a UK NHS service. Aims: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of using imagery rescripting for the treatment of PTSD in UK-based refugees and asylum seekers. Method: Ten adult service-users from an NHS specialist service with a primary diagnosis of PTSD were recruited as part of routine service delivery. A multiple baseline design was used with participants randomly allocated to a baseline varying from 5 to 9 weeks. A baseline wait-period was followed by up to five sessions of psychoeducation and treatment preparation, in turn followed by up to 10 sessions of imagery rescripting. The Post-traumatic Symptom Scale (PSS) and Physical Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were collected every week during baseline, at end of treatment and weekly for 5 weeks after treatment, and again at 12-week follow-up. Data were analysed with mixed regression. Results: Results indicate a significant improvement both in PTSD symptoms and mood, and that this was attributable to the imagery rescripting phase of the intervention, and not the passage of time or non-specific therapy factors. Conclusions: Evidence indicates imagery rescripting to be a safe and effective treatment choice for PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers.
From Word Types to Tokens and Back: A Survey of Approaches to Word Meaning Representation and Interpretation

Vector-based word representation paradigms situate lexical meaning at different levels of abstraction. Distributional and static embedding models generate a single vector per word type, which is an aggregate across the instances of the word in a corpus. Contextual language models, on the contrary, directly capture the meaning of individual word instances. The goal of this survey is to provide an overview of word meaning representation methods, and of the strategies that have been proposed for improving the quality of the generated vectors. These often involve injecting external knowledge about lexical semantic relationships, or refining the vectors to describe different senses. The survey also covers recent approaches for obtaining word type-level representations from token-level ones, and for combining static and contextualized representations. Special focus is given to probing and interpretation studies aimed at discovering the lexical semantic knowledge that is encoded in contextualized representations. The challenges posed by this exploration have motivated the interest towards static embedding derivation from contextualized embeddings, and for methods aimed at improving the similarity estimates that can be drawn from the space of contextual language models.