Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competitive Policy for Online Retailers' Intrusion in E-Commence

In recent years, online retail has developed rapidly. However, as consumer demands become increasingly sophisticated, the traditional online retail model has encountered difficulties with respect to meeting consumers’ needs. As a result, numerous retailers with offline physical stores have emerged in the online retail industry. This paper constructs a game model for the invasion of the market by e-commerce retailers with offline physical stores in a context in which a traditional, online-only incumbent retailer is already in the market. Compared with the new entrant, the incumbent has the advantage of an established good reputation, and consumers prefer the products of the incumbent. This research shows that as consumers’ product valuations increase, the following three situations may occur: a partially covered market, a multiple-equilibrium market or a fully covered market. In a partially covered market, the incumbency advantage does not affect the entrant. In a multiple-equilibrium market or fully covered market, the incumbency advantage impacts the profits of the entrant. However, in a fully covered market, if the incumbency advantage is too large, the profits of both retailers are damaged. Finally, this paper finds that offline physical stores can provide positive benefits to entrants. When consumers are highly sensitive to services, opening offline physical stores is an effective intrusion strategy that entrants can use to overcome the incumbency advantage.
Effects of Moisture Migration in Insulations under Hot and Humid Conditions

The effects of moisture gain by fibre glass insulation slabs were investigated experimentally by exposing one face of the slabs to a hot and humid ambient while maintaining the other face at a constant cold temperature. The temperature ranges considered for the hot and cold sides of the slabs were 36°C to 41°C and 8.5°C to 20.8°C, respectively. The slab thicknesses ranged from 62 to 76 mm. The variation of the heat flux at the cold surface, the temperature distribution, the total moisture gain and the liquid content distribution were measured over a period of up to 600 hours. One-dimensional transport models with liquid content dependent physical properties were used to interpret the experimental data. The heat flux at the cold face increased gradually with time while the temperature distribution across the slabs showed a maximum fluctuation of about 2°C. The rate of total moisture gain was nearly constant initially, but decreased gradually with time. The measured liquid content distribution across the slabs was highly nonuniform. The computational model predicted the heat flux and the temperature distribution well but overestimated the total moisture gain at longer times. The model predicted a more uniform liquid distribution than that measured experimentally.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL COPOLYMERS AND EXACT CONFORMAL MULTIFRACTALITY

We consider in two dimensions the most general star-shaped copolymer, mixing random (RW) or self-avoiding walks (SAW) with specific interactions thereof. Its exact bulk or boundary conformal scaling dimensions in the plane are all derived from an algebraic structure existing on a random lattice (2D quantum gravity). The multifractal dimensions of the harmonic measure of a 2D RW or SAW are conformal dimensions of certain star copolymers, here calculated exactly as non rational algebraic numbers. The associated multifractal function f(alpha) are found to be identical for a random walk or a SAW in 2D. These are the first examples of exact conformal multifractality in two dimensions.
Expression and Prognostic Value of RAD51 in Adenocarcinoma at the Gastroesophageal Junction

Background: The RAD51 recombinase is involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair. However, the association of RAD51 with the prognosis of adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction (ACGEJ) is not clear. We aimed to investigate the association of RAD51 with ACGEJ prognosis. Methods: The difference in the expression level of RAD51 between ACGEJ tumors and control tissues in the microarray datasets (GSE159721, GSE74553, and GSE96669) were compared. The online Kaplan-Meier plotter survival analysis and meta-analysis were used to analyze the association of RAD51 with overall survival in pan-cancers. MiRNAs targeting RAD51 were identified and their expression profiles in ACGEJ tumors were analyzed. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for miRNAs of RAD51. Results: RAD51 was upregulated in ACGEJ tumors compared with control tissues (P < 0.05). High RAD51 level was correlated with a poor prognosis in stomach adenocarcinoma and esophageal cancer. The meta-analysis showed that high RAD51 level was correlated with a poor prognosis in TCGA pan-cancers (P = 0.03). Six regulatory miRNAs of RAD51, including hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-221, and hsa-miR-34a, were downregulated in ACGEJ tumor tissues and were associated with pathways including “fatty acid biosynthesis” and “viral carcinogenesis”. Conclusion: RAD51 is a potent prognostic biomarker in ACGEJ. MiRNAs including hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-221, and hsa-miR-34a might play crucial roles in ACGEJ by regulating the RAD51 gene.
pH Controlled Nanostructure and Optical Properties of ZnO and Al-Doped ZnO Nanorod Arrays Grown by Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method

The low-temperature microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was used to successfully grow pure and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanorod (NR) arrays on glass substrates. The combined effects of doping and pH on the structural properties, surface chemistry, and optical properties of all samples were investigated. Thermodynamic-based simulations of the growth solution were performed and a growth mechanism, that considers the effects of both the pH and Al-doping, is proposed, and discussed. Tuning the solution pH is key parameter to grow well-aligned, single crystal, highly packed, and high aspect ratio nanorod arrays. Moreover, the optical absorption in the visible range is enhanced by controlling the pH value. The PL spectra reveal a shift of the main radiative emission from the band-to-band into a transition involving deep defect levels of Zinc interstitial Zni. This shift is caused by an enhancement of the non-radiative components (phonon relaxation) at high pH values. The production of well-ordered ZnO and AZO nanorod arrays with visible-active absorption/emission centers would increase their potential use in various applications.
Gravitational spin-orbit coupling in binary systems, post-Minkowskian approximation, and effective one-body theory

A novel approach for extracting gauge-invariant information about spin-orbit coupling in gravitationally interacting binary systems is introduced. This approach is based on the "scattering holonomy", i.e. the integration (from the infinite past to the infinite future) of the differential spin evolution along the two worldlines of a binary system in hyperboliclike motion. We apply this approach to the computation, at the first post-Minkowskian approximation (i.e. first order in $G$ and all orders in $v/c$), of the values of the two gyrogravitomagnetic ratios describing spin-orbit coupling in the Effective One-Body formalism. These gyrogravitomagnetic ratios are found to tend to zero in the ultrarelativistic limit.
Management of systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnancy

Systemic lupus erythematosus is one of the most common autoimmune disorders affecting young women. Pregnant women with lupus are generally at higher risk for certain pregnancy complications than women without comorbidities. Even so, a pregnancy with lupus can be carried to term in optimal conditions if it is properly managed by a doctor. Monitoring is generally recommended six months after the onset of lupus symptoms, and ideally there should be no active lupus symptoms prior to conception. General screening tests should include the anti-phospholipid, anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies. Women who are positive for these antibodies have an increased risk of congenital heart block in the fetus. In addition, pregnant women with lupus have an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, pre-term birth, while neonatal lupus syndrome is a major fetal condition. The maternal risks are faced with disease flares, pre-eclampsia and other complications. Treatment options during pregnancy are limited to a few safe medications. For example, prednisone is unlikely to cause fetal malformations, but it increases the risk of diabetes and high blood pressure in the mother. Consequently, a careful multidisciplinary monitoring is essential for optimal results in pregnancy with lupus.
Stability of a Rotating Asteroid Housing a Space Station

Today there are numerous studies on asteroid mining. They elaborate on selecting the right objects, prospecting missions, potential asteroid redirection, and the mining process itself. For economic reasons, most studies focus on mining candidates in the 100-500m size-range. Also, suggestions regarding the design and implementation of space stations or even colonies inside the caverns of mined asteroids exist. Caverns provide the advantages of confined material in near-zero gravity during mining and later the hull will shield the inside from radiation. Existing studies focus on creating the necessary artificial gravity by rotating structures that are built inside the asteroid. Here, we assume the entire mined asteroid to rotate at a sufficient rate for artificial gravity and investigate its use for housing a habitat inside. In this study we present how to estimate the necessary spin rate assuming a cylindrical space station inside a mined asteroid and discuss the implications arising from substantial material stress given the required rotation rate. We estimate the required material strength using two relatively simple analytical models and apply them to fictitious, yet realistic rocky near-Earth asteroids.
Parametric investigation on laser interaction with polyimide for graphene synthesis towards flexible devices

Graphene, is one of the prominent materials in device fabrication due to its high conductive and high flexural strength for electrodes/device applications. The latest technique for graphene synthesis i.e. carbonization of polyimide by laser patterning has received much attention because of its capability to create various functional materials and flexible devices. The requirement of graphene demands larger volume production where laser-induced graphene (LIG) by consideration of pulse overlap could prove to be the solution if a recipe is prepared through appropriate optimization. The present study focused on the CO2 laser (λ = 10.6 µm) interaction with polyimide by generating raster pattern with varying pulse overlap in linear direction. The raster pattern is fabricated at different laser energies and pulse overlap with a constant 30% line overlap between two consecutive lines, in the lateral direction, for synthesizing LIG at relatively low laser power. Various combinations of laser fluences (46 J cm−2, 56 J cm−2, 66 J cm−2) and pulse spot overlap (60%, 70%, and 80%) were used for the polyimide carbonization. Both experimental and numerical simulation (using ComsolTM) results present an insight that optimal control of laser pulse overlap shows significant effect on crystallinity and electrical resistivity of synthesized graphene. The macroscopic quality of the raster pattern is investigated through the optical microscope. Detailed Raman spectro-microscopic analysis is carried out to study the defect to graphenization ratio and its impact on the properties of graphene synthesized. Through Raman analysis, the average in-plane crystallite length of graphene synthesis was observed from 27.732 ± 4–37.132 ± 6 nm. At last, a resistive type strain sensor was fabricated to check the stability of LIG and its reliability for repetitive loading conditions. The pulse overlap photo-thermal model, and its finite element analysis implementation presents better understanding towards optimizing the promising technique towards synthesizing LIG.
Relations between variability of the photospheric and interplanetary magnetic fields, solar wind and geomagnetic characteristics

Large scale solar magnetic field topology has a great influence on the structure of the corona, heliosphera and geomagnetic perturbations. Data obtained over the last three solar cycles have been analysed to reveal the relationships between the photospheric field measured along the line of sight by the WSO group at 30 levels of heliolatitudes from -75 to 75 degrees and the interplanetary magnetic field The main aim of this first paper is to make a direct comparison between the basic structure and dynamics of the photospheric magnetic field and components and intensity of the interplanetary magnetic field % solar wind and geomagnetic parameters without using theoretical assumptions, models, physical expectations, etc. The second paper by Gavryuseva, 2018d presents the raports between different characteristics of the solar wind at the Earth orbit, and geomagnetic parameters provided by the OMNI team. % Data obtained over the last three solar cycles have been analysed % to reveal the relationships % between the photospheric field measured along the line of sight % by the WSO group % at heliolatitudes from -75 to 75 degrees averaged over one year % and the interplanetary magnetic field, different characteristics % of the solar wind at the Earth orbit, and geomagnetic parameters. % provided by the OMNI team. The heliospheric and geomagnetic data are found to be divided into two groups characterized by their response to variability of the solar magnetic field latitudinal structures on short and on long time scales.
Fine-Grained Butterfly Recognition via Peer Learning Network with Distribution-Aware Penalty Mechanism

Simple Summary Automatic species recognition, such as butterflies or other insects, plays a crucial role in intelligent agricultural production management and the study of species diver-sity. However, the quite diverse and subtle interspecific differences and the long-tailed distribution of sample data in fine-grained species recognition are insufficient to learn robust feature representation and alleviate the bias and variance problems of the long-tailed classifier on insect recognition. The objective of this study is to develop a peer learning network with a distribution-aware penalty mechanism proposed to learn discriminative feature representation and mitigate the bias and variance problems in the long-tailed distribution. The results of various contrast experiments on collecting the butterfly-914 dataset show that the proposed PLN-DPM has a higher Rank-1 ac-curacy rate (86.2% on the butterfly dataset and 73.51% on the IP102 dataset). Addi-tionally, we deployed the PLN-DPM model on the smartphone app for butterfly recognition in a real-life environment. Abstract Automatic species recognition plays a key role in intelligent agricultural production management and the study of species diversity. However, fine-grained species recognition is a challenging task due to the quite diverse and subtle interclass differences among species and the long-tailed distribution of sample data. In this work, a peer learning network with a distribution-aware penalty mechanism is proposed to address these challenges. Specifically, the proposed method employs the two-stream ResNeSt-50 as the backbone to obtain the initial predicted results. Then, the samples, which are selected from the instances with the same predicted labels by knowledge exchange strategy, are utilized to update the model parameters via the distribution-aware penalty mechanism to mitigate the bias and variance problems in the long-tailed distribution. By performing such adaptive interactive learning, the proposed method can effectively achieve improved recognition accuracy for head classes in long-tailed data and alleviate the adverse effect of many head samples relative to a few samples of the tail classes. To evaluate the proposed method, we construct a large-scale butterfly dataset (named Butterfly-914) that contains approximately 72,152 images belonging to 914 species and at least 20 images for each category. Exhaustive experiments are conducted to validate the efficiency of the proposed method from several perspectives. Moreover, the superior Top-1 accuracy rate (86.2%) achieved on the butterfly dataset demonstrates that the proposed method can be widely used for agricultural species identification and insect monitoring.
Correlated Signatures of Gravitational-wave and Neutrino Emission in Three-dimensional General-relativistic Core-collapse Supernova Simulations

We present results from general-relativistic (GR) three-dimensional (3D) core-collapse simulations with approximate neutrino transport for three nonrotating progenitors (11.2, 15, and 40 M⊙) using different nuclear equations of state (EOSs). We find that the combination of progenitor’s higher compactness at bounce and the use of softer EOS leads to stronger activity of the standing accretion shock instability (SASI). We confirm previous predications that the SASI produces characteristic time modulations both in neutrino and gravitational-wave (GW) signals. By performing a correlation analysis of the SASI-modulated neutrino and GW signals, we find that the correlation becomes highest when we take into account the time-delay effect due to the advection of material from the neutrino sphere to the proto-neutron star core surface. Our results suggest that the correlation of the neutrino and GW signals, if detected, would provide a new signature of the vigorous SASI activity in the supernova core, which can be hardly seen if neutrino-convection dominates over the SASI.
The Populations of Carina. I. Decoding the Color–Magnitude Diagram

We investigate the color–magnitude diagram (CMD) of the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy using data of Stetson et al. and synthetic CMDs based on isochrones of Dotter et al., in terms of the parameters [Fe/H], age, and [α/Fe], for the cases when (i) [α/Fe] is held constant and (ii) [α/Fe] is varied. The data are well described by four basic epochs of star formation, having [Fe/H] = −1.85, −1.5, −1.2, and ∼−1.15 and ages ∼13, 7, ∼3.5, and ∼1.5 Gyr, respectively (for [α/Fe] = 0.1, constant [α/Fe], and [α/Fe] = 0.2, 0.1, −0.2, −0.2, variable [α/Fe]), with small spreads in [Fe/H] and age of order 0.1 dex and 1–3 Gyr. Within an elliptical radius 13. ′1, the mass fractions of the populations, at their times of formation, were (in decreasing age order) 0.34, 0.39, 0.23, and 0.04. This formalism reproduces five observed CMD features (two distinct subgiant branches of old and intermediate-age populations, two younger, main-sequence components, and the small color dispersion on the red giant branch (RGB). The parameters of the youngest population are less certain than those of the others, and given it is less centrally concentrated, it may not be directly related to them. High-resolution spectroscopically analyzed RGB samples appear statistically incomplete compared with those selected using radial velocity, which contain bluer stars comprising ∼5%–10% of the samples. We conjecture these objects may, at least in part, be members of the youngest population. We use the CMD simulations to obtain insight into the population structure of Carina's upper RGB.
Extreme value and related models with applications in engineering and science

Preface. I: DATA, INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION. 1. Introduction and Motivation. II: PROBABILISTIC MODELS USEFUL IN EXTREMES. 2. Discrete Probabilistic Models. 3. Continuous Probabilistic Models. III: MODEL ESTIMATION, SELECTION, AND VALIDATION. 4. Model Estimation. 5. Model Selection and Validation. IV: EXACT MODELS FOR ORDER STATISTICS AND EXTREMES. 6. Order Statistics. 7. Point Processes and Exact Models. V: ASYMPTOTIC MODELS FOR EXTREMES AND EXCEEDANCES. 8. Limit Distributions of Order Statistics. 9. Limit Distributions of Exceedances. 10. Multivariate Extremes. Appendix: Statistical Tables. Bibliography. Index.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Oregano Bioactive Lipid Compounds and Silver Nanoparticles on Broiler Production

Feed additives could be added in the diets of broiler chickens to improve performance and for sustainable broiler production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of feeding broiler chickens with oregano bioactive lipid compounds (OBLC) and silver nanoparticles (Nano-Silver) on growth, viability, economics, carcass criteria, silver retentions, and serum biochemistry. One-day-old, unsexed Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 320) were divided into four treatment groups. Ten replicates of eight birds each for each treatment were used. Treatments were: CONT (control diet), OBLC (CONT diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg OBLC), Nano-Silver (CONT diet supplemented with 4 mg/kg Nano-Silver), and CONT diet supplemented with OBLC + Nano-Silver at levels mentioned above were used for the study. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Supplementing OBLC and Nano-Silver individually or in combination improved (p < 0.01) body weight and feed conversion ratio when compared to CONT. The supplemented groups had a lower death rate than the CONT group, resulting in a higher net return. Supplementing broiler birds with OBLC, Nano-Silver, or their combination boosted dressing percentage and decreased abdominal fat when compared to CONT. Blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, creatinine, and urea were lowered in broilers fed OBLC, Nano-Silver, or combination diets. Overall, the current study demonstrates that broiler chickens fed diets with OBLC and Nano-Silver, either alone or in combination, improved growth performance, liver functions, dressing percent, silver absorption and decreased abdominal fat. The best performance was observed in the combination of OBLC and Nano-Silver group compared to other treatments.
It is a gluino

For a long time it has been known that the like-sign dilepton signature can help establish the existence of a gluino at the LHC. To unambiguously claim that we see a strongly interacting Majorana fermion--which we could call a gluino--we need to prove that it is indeed a fermion. We propose how to extract this information from a different gluino-decay cascade which is also used to measure its mass. Looking only at angular correlations we distinguish a universal extra dimensional interpretation assuming a bosonic heavy gluon from supersymmetry with a fermionic gluino. Assuming a supersymmetric interpretation, we show how the same angular correlations can be used to study the left-right nature of the sfermions appearing in the decay chain.