Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of clinical manifestations of dengue cases in a tertiary care hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka

Background: Symptomatic dengue virus infections can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild febrile illness to a life-threatening shock syndrome or organ dysfunction. Objectives: To study the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of dengue cases, which is important for patient management and crucial for saving life. Material and Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from July to December 2015, included suspected dengue cases aged 16 years and above admitted in the medical wards of the hospital. Detailed epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory parameters recorded. Chi-square (χ2) test and descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS (17.0). Results: Of the total 114 patients, 64 (56.1%) males and 50 (43.8%) were females. Majority of the affected patients were in the age group of 31–40 years (6 (31.5%)). Commonest symptom and sign observed was fever in 103 (90.3%). Signs of quadrant/epigastric tenderness, tachycardia, flushing were observed in more than > 50% of the patients and bradycardia, right upper shifting dullness, evidence of pleural effusion, shortness of breath, low blood pressure, low urine output, cold extremities were observed in less than 30% of patients. The commonest complication was severe abdominal bloating (8 (7.0%)), major bleeding and hepatitis in 5 (4.3%) of the patients. Briefly, 13 (11.4%) required the ICU treatment. In total, 107 (93.8%) had thrombocytopenia, raised AST and ALT in 89 (78.0%), leucopania in 74 (64.9%), ascites in 71 (62.2%), gall bladder wall edema in 64 (56.1%), and hematocrit in 28 (24.5%) of the patients. Also, 92 (80.7%) patients were NS1 positive. Conclusion: Manifestations of dengue cases are acute and varied. Proper confirmation of diagnosis, early institution of therapy helps in dengue prevention and management.
Surviving within the perimeter : how palliative care patients make meaning of living while dying of terminal cancer

The purpose of this study was to discover how palliative cancer patients experience living while they are dying. A naturalistic approach, interpretive description, was used to identify and interpret themes. Data collection consisted of unstructured interviews with 6 patients with a prognosis of less than 6 months. Data was transcribed and analyzed systematically. Emerging findings were validated with participants and revealed 3 major themes: coping with a terminal illness, making sense of the situation, and surviving within the perimeter. Participants utilized a unique combination of coping styles and resources. Some reflected on the experience, while others ignored the psychological and spiritual aspects of the situation. All participants had a matter-of-fact acceptance that the situation could not be changed. They acknowledged their inevitable death but did not dwell on it. They maintained hope by being open to positive outcomes and using treatments that may make them feel better. Meaning related to doing what must be done in a bad situation while never letting go of the hope that the situation could improve. The participants focused mainly on staying alive (eating to maintain weight and gain strength) and accomplishing physical activities (by working around fatigue and other symptoms). Meaning was attached to physical accomplishments. Participants described themselves as surviving within a smaller perimeter of life. T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s Abstract List of Tables List of Figures Dedication Acknowledgments Chapter
Poverty is behaviour: an evaluation of life history theory in Cape Town

viii Chapter 1 Theories about poverty . 1 Life History theory . 8 Parental investment . 12 Physical Parental Investment . 13 Emotional Parental Investment . 15 Attachment Theory . 17 Qualitative study of the family. 18 Parenting style . 21 Parental investment conclusions . 21 Educational outcomes . 22 Human biology and its relevance to education . 26 Puberty . 26 Age of first sex . 27 Sexual behaviour . 28 Generational Interval . 29 Number of children . 29 Family Structure . 29 Risk behaviour . 32 Social skills. 33 Employment . 33 Life Course . 34 Cultural Difference Model . 36 Divisions within society . 36 Conclusion . 36 Chapter 2 Analysis of Life History Theory . 38 Development of Life History Strategies . 40 Measurement of Life History Strategy . 41 Poverty is behaviour: An evaluation of Life History theory in Cape Town iv Male reproduction . 45 Measurements potentially used in Life History . 48 Environment. 48 Life History Strategy . 48 Symptoms of Life History Strategy . 49 Symptoms of Parental investment in children . 50 School type . 50 Conceptual Diagrams . 50 Research Question . 53 Method . 53 Statistical analysis . 53 Sample analysed . 55 Constructs and Variable measurements . 55 Demographic Variables . 55 Composite variables . 56 Direct Measurements . 58 Chapter 3 Results . 62 Descriptive statistics . 62 Educational achievement . 63 Model B . 70 Interactions illustrated graphically . 72 Reproductive groups . 73 Chapter 4 Discussion . 76 Wealth . 76 Race . 77 Reproductive groups . 78 Environmental factors . 79 Education system . 79 Parents . 83 Young Adults . 87 Life History Theory . 89 HIV/AIDS epidemic . 90 Alleviation of poverty . 91 Preconception . 91 Poverty is behaviour: An evaluation of Life History theory in Cape Town v Pregnancy . 92 Early childhood and later . 92 Education . 93 Labour legislation . 94 Conceptualisation of prosperity. 94 Chapter 5 – Conclusions . 96 Limitations of Data .
Pediatric Trauma Patients in Imam Hossein Emergency Department; an Epidemiologic Study

INTRODUCTION: Trauma is one of the most important reasons that children visit emergency departments (ED) and is the most common cause of disability and mortality among them. Having epidemiological information on trauma in this age range, aids in accurate planning for prevention of these events. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of trauma in pediatric trauma patients presented to ED. METHODS: In a retrospective cross-sectional study using census method, the profiles of children presented to the trauma unit in ED of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2011 and 2012 were evaluated. Data regarding age, sex, time and mechanism of trauma, anatomic site of trauma, measures taken, and outcome were gathered and descriptively analyzed using SPSS 16. RESULTS: Data from the clinical profiles of 547 children were gathered using census method and evaluated (69.3% male). 169 (30.9%) cases had occurred in summer and 322 (58.9%) had visited between 4 PM and 12 AM. Car accidents with 286 (52.3%) cases were the most common mechanism, and head and neck area was the most common anatomic site of trauma. Finally, 537 (98.2%) children were discharged with a good general condition and 10 (1.8%) died. Most common traumas leading to death were chest and abdominal traumas (14.3%) and no significant relationship was detected between mortality and trauma mechanism (p = 0.845) or timing (p = 0.895). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the present study, most trauma cases under the age of 14 presented to ED of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were boys, in summer, between 4 PM and 12 AM, and car accident-related. 1.8% of traumas led to mortality, the most common causes being chest and abdominal traumas. Language: en
Evaluation of Fungicidal Activity of Herbal Hand Sanitizer

Background: Keeping hands clean is one of the safest ways to control the transmittance of germs and microbes that can cause several types of diseases. Hand sanitizers are effective cleansing agents that provide alternate and effective means to maintain hand hygiene and are considered as better choices over hand washing agents due to the ease and convenience they offer. In this regard, apart from keeping the hands free from germs herbal ingredient based hand-sanitizers also provide added advantage of keeping the skin nourished and moisturised. Aim: The primary objective of the current study was evaluating the fungicidal activities of an herbal based hand sanitizer - Clean Hand Gel, a combination containing extracts of herbs, by time kill assay. Materials & Methods: Standard operating procedures prepared based on European standard guidelines for evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy (EN 1276 and EN 1650) was used in the present study on the species C. albicans and A. niger. Results: The study material at a concentration of 20% when tested for 120 seconds of contact time against specified fungi resulted in logarithmic reduction of 0.629 and 0.108 in the viable counts of C. albicans and A. niger, respectively. Conclusion: The present study concluded that Clean Hand Gel possessed fungicidal effects on the specied fungi, C. albicans and A. niger, and there is potential for it to be used as an effective herbal hand sanitizer in preventing the spread of microbes (specied fungi) from hand to hand and thus can be implicated in controlling the transmission of related communicable diseases.
Managing unsuccessful or uncompleted placements

This paper is a preliminary account of the first phase of a Scottish wide study, currently in progress, which examines why and in what circumstances placements on social work programmes are unsuccessful or uncompleted. This may be due to failure, deferral, illness or other circumstances. Whatever the reason, it can be a sensitive and difficult time for everyone involved. There are also resource implications, as finding additional repeat placements at a time of placement shortage can itself be problematic. The study is based on interviews with students, practice teachers, tutors and link workers (the term we have adopted for the person who supervises the day to day practice of the student, where the practice teacher is based elsewhere). We report here on the background to the study, its aims, the methods employed and some of the issues which are emerging. Data collection will continue over the next few months. A follow up paper will examine the perceptions and experiences of participants in the study, explore ways of more effectively managing unsuccessful or uncompleted placements and make recommendations for good practice.
From Violence to Life: Children Born of War and Constructions of Victimhood

Despite all the attention given to sexual and gender-based violence, the reality of stigma, victimization, violence and socio-economic marginalisation of children born of war (CBW) has largely remained unexamined. Although CBW consider themselves as victims, domestic and international actors largely have failed to include them within legal conceptions of victimhood. Whether a child born of harmful behaviour should be seen as a victim has been significantly explored in law only in relation to so-called ‘wrongful life’ and ‘wrongful birth’ cases in the law of private responsibility. On the whole, courts have been extremely reluctant to accept claims of that nature because of a perceived tension between what has been refereed to as the “gift of life” and any harm associated with the circumstances of birth. In criminal law, with the exception of international criminal law, the concept of the victim has remained under-theorised. The announced shift to a ‘victim-centred’ approach with the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court has led to the elaboration of a more nuanced legal understanding of who should be considered a victim. Drawing from elements of the concept of victimhood as articulated in international criminal law leads us to conclude that CBW should indeed be considered as victims. This important finding challenges the policies and practices of domestic and international actors that have failed to recognise CBW as victims in post-conflict transition.
Evaluation Of Immunization Cards And Parental Recall Against Gold Standard For Evaluating Immunization Coverage

India launched Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in India in 1978 to control Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPD). In 1978, EPI coverage was included for six diseases: diphtheria, peruses, tetanus, poliomyelitis, typhoid and childhood tuberculosis. The aim of EIP was to cover 80% of all infants. Subsequently, the programme was universalized and renamed as Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985. Measles vaccine was included in the programme and typhoid vaccine was discontinued. The UIP was phased in from 1985 to cover all districts in the country by 1990, targeting all infants with the primary Immunization schedule and all pregnant women with Tetanus Toxic Immunization.1 2
GEOMEDIA`S ROLE IN THE GEOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: DRACULA`S SPATIAL IMAGINARIES IN ROMANIA

Geomedia techniques are easily acquired, freely available and easy to learn. Most of the modern mobile phones possess digital camera and have incorporated Global Positioning System. Various smartphone applications can be downloaded and used to find, create and control the virtual representations of places, emphasizing humans’ central position in the Geosystem. The focus of this research is an assessment of the power of Geomedia techniques as a tool in the identification, construction and development of functional Geosystems. Methodologically, our research in Romania used the grounded theory with data collection based on smartphone apps, web GIS and geospatial datasets from Google Earth, combined with the Geomedia analytic hierarchy (GAH) and the multicriteria decision making (MDM) processor for the geosystems` effectiveness evaluation. We demonstrate how the growing popularity of Geomedia tools can be used to efficiently sustain development in an organized way, at both the national and community levels. Key-words: Romania, Geomedia, Dracula, Geosystem, Smartphone apps, Development.
A network scientific approach to the quantitative analysis of epic texts

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Detection of Respiratory Co-Infections in Children Less Than Five Years With Adenovirus Infection

Background: Acute respiratory tract infection is associated with significant morbidity mortality and economic loss worldwide. Viral infections seem to be responsible for 80% of the cases. There are several reports on the influence of dual or multiple respiratory viral infections on the severity of disease in childhood. Objectives: A limited number of studies have been conducted on co-infection of Adenovirus (AdV) with coxsackievirus human bocavirus (HBoV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in Iran. To address this the present article focuses on both the etiology and epidemiology of multiple microbial respiratory infections (coxsackievirus HBoVMPandinfluenza virus)andtheir clinical significance in young Iranian children with confirmed AdV infection. Patients and Methods: Molecular detection of HBoV coxsackievirus MP and influenza virus was performed by conventional PCR in 71 respiratory adenovirus-positive samples obtained from children younger than 5 years of age. Results: Among the 71 adenovirus-positive samples 6 (8.4%) were co-infected three were co-infected with MP and three of which were co-infected with influenza A/H3N2. Of the six patients with co-infection four were male and two were female; three patients were less than 1 year of age and the remaining were 2 3 and 4 years of age. Moreover there were two inpatients and four outpatients. Conclusions: Although several studies have investigated viral respiratory co-infection no study has evaluated the rate of respiratory co-infections in adenovirus-positive samples from children younger than 5 years. However this study has filled this gap the the number of co-infections were too small to draw any definite conclusions. Therefore large-scale studies using bigger samples are required to understand the clinical significance of polymicrobial acute respiratory infections.
The Impact of Content-Based Network Technologies on Perceptions of Nutrition Literacy

Background: Consumers are exposed to obesogenic environments on a regular basis. Building nutrition literacy is critical for sustaining healthy dietary habits for a lifetime and reducing the prevalence of chronic disease. Purpose: There is a need to investigate the impact of content-based network (CBN) technologies on perceptions of nutrition literacy because use of content-based networks has increased indefinitely. Methods: A quantitative survey analyzed by structural equation modeling was used to examine 3 CBN characteristics: serendipitous nutrition discovery, nutrition information management, and social modeling in relation to nutrition self-efficacy and perceptions of nutrition literacy among a sample of undergraduate students (N = 349). Results: Users of the website Pinterest, the most popular CBN, provide support that perception of the CBN's ability to provide access to new and interesting nutrition content impacts feelings of self-efficacy when making dietary decisions. Translation to Health Education Practice: Content-based networks such as Pinterest may serve as a viable tool for increasing nutrition literacy by enhancing self-efficacy around nutrition.
Oczekiwania chorych po endoprotezoplastyce stawu biodrowego dotyczące ich aktywności fizycznej Evaluation of patients expectations connected with physical activity after hip arthroplasty

Streszczenie Wstep: Rozwoj metod operacyjnych, dobre wyniki leczenia po alloplastyce stawu biodrowego oraz powiekszająca sie grupa coraz mlodszych pacjentow sprawily, ze oczekiwania wzgledem zabiegu są wieksze. Chorzy decydując sie na operacje chcą nie tylko ustąpienia dolegliwości bolowych i po prawy funkcjonowania, ale takze mozliwości uczestnictwa w ro znego rodzaju aktywności fizycznej. Celem pracy byla ocena oczekiwan pacjentow, związanych z ak tywnością fizyczną po operacji wszczepienia sztucznego stawu biodrowego oraz ocena poziomu ich wiedzy na ten temat Material i me tody: Badaniem objeto grupe 32 pacjentow Kliniki Ortopedii i Tr aumatologii Wojskowego Instytutu Medycznego w Wa rszawie, poddanych pierwotnej operacji wszczepienia protezy stawu biodrowego. Narzedzie badawcze stanowil kwestionariusz wywiadu. W ce lu opracowania wynikow badan wykorzystano program PASW Statistic 18, a po dczas przedstawiania wynikow oparto sie na analizie procentowej uzyskanych danych. Wyniki: Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badan stwierdzono, ze oczekiwania pacjentow dotyczące aktywności fizycznej po operacji są niewielkie. Wnioski: Na taki stan rzeczy moze wplywac przede wszystkim niski poziom aktywności fizycznej przed zabiegiem a ta kze brak wiedzy na temat mozliwości i og raniczen związanych z a ktywnością fizyczną pacjentow z p rotezą stawu biodrowego
Reducing burnout: development of an oncology staff bereavement program.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To understand the necessity of providing a mechanism for staff bereavement that promotes stress reduction and enhances job longevity in the oncology nursing work environment and to describe the implementation of one such program. DATA SOURCES Journal articles and on-site resources. DATA SYNTHESIS Personnel conflicts, job dissatisfaction, and workplace burnout caused by constant patient loss are common in oncology nursing. The work setting must offer support for staff to deal with these conflicts to prevent burnout and decrease dissatisfaction. This can foster a sense of understanding among colleagues and provide support mechanisms for closure and acceptance of perpetual patient loss. CONCLUSION Conflicts, dissatisfaction, and other sources of burnout must be contained so that oncology nurses remain in their vital roles. The potential for long-term professional fulfillment and improved quality of nursing care for patients and their families is increased by implementation of support mechanisms. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Educating colleagues about the multifaceted role of the oncology nurse can increase the staff's awareness of the need for support. Implementation of a program to reduce the stressors that oncology nurses encounter will encourage improved care delivery.
Possible Link Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Mood Disorders in Lorestan Province, Western Iran

Background: A large number of epidemiological evidence in humans and experimental studies in rodents have hypothesized that Toxoplasma gondii is a potentially relevant etiological factor in some mood disorders. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether latent toxoplasmosis has any role in mood disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disease inWestern Iran. Patients and Methods: A total of 170 patients including 85 schizophrenia and 85 bipolar patients referred to the only psychiatric hospital in Lorestan province in Khorramabd city, Western Iran, and 170 healthy volunteers were screened for IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on risk factors for T. gondii infection. Results: Out of the 170 psychiatric patients, 103 (63.5%) patients were seropositive for IgG antibody and 14 (8.2%) were seropositive for IgM antibody. Of the 85 bipolar patients, 54 (63.5%) and 6 (7%) were found positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively; whereas among 85 schizophrenia patients, 49 (57.6%) and 8 (9.4%) samples were found positive for anti- T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. From 170 healthy volunteers, 73 (42.9%) tested seropositive for anti-T. gondii antibodies; 65 (38.2%) tested seropositive for IgG antibody and 8 (4.7%) tested seropositive for IgM antibody. There was a significant difference in T. gondii IgG positivity between the psychiatric patients and control groups (P = 0.009). Several risk factors, which were significantly related to T. gondii seropositivity in psychiatric patients are being in contact with cats (P = 0.004), eating unwashed raw vegetables (P < 0.001), raw-milk/egg consumption (P = 0.001), and drinking clean water (P = 0.035). Conclusions: We concluded that psychiatric patients in general and schizophrenia and bipolar cases in particular had a significantly higher relative frequency of T. gondii infection than healthy individuals of Lorestan Province,Western Iran. Keywords: Schizophrenia, Bipolar, IgG, IgM, ELISA
Thompson hemiarthroplasty of hip: Is cement an essential ingredient?

Introduction: Thompson hemiarthroplasty of hip for fractured neck of femur is traditionally done with cement to improve stability of fixation. Thompson prosthesis was designed originally to be used without cement. It has now become a routine practice to cement this prosthesis in most centres. In our department most elderly patients with a fractured neck of femur are treated with an uncemented Thompson prosthesis. Cement is used only if the prosthesis appears unstable at any stage of the operation. Materials & Methods: We audited all thompson hemi-arthroplasties performed over a year with a minimum follow up of a year. Results: In hospital mortality was 9.5% and 1 year mortality was 47.6%. Prosthesis survival at end of first year with revision as end point was 100%. We found acceptable complication rate in these patients; respiratory infection (19%), cardiac failure (6%). The rate of dislocation (1.5%) and deep infection (3%) were low as well. Intra-operatively plan was changed and 5 prostheses were cemented because of obvious loose fit. Conclusions: We conclude that cement is not an essential ingredient in Thompson hemiarthroplasty. Along with the obvious reduction in cost, a low revision rate in contrast to general belief makes it an even more attractive option in these elderly patients.