Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multinational evaluation of clinical decision-making in the treatment and management of mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis

Abstract Objectives To understand current thinking and clinical decision-making in the treatment and management of patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods This multinational, survey-based study was conducted in 2021. Two meetings were held, involving 11 IBD specialists, that used a series of questions and discussion to identify all factors possibly related to the management of UC. The importance of identified factors was assessed using an online questionnaire covering three scenarios – active disease, remission and patient empowerment. Each factor was scored on a scale of 0 (very-unimportant) to 100 (very-important) within each scenario, by a separate group of healthcare professionals working in IBD. Results A total of 157 individual factors were identified by the 11 IBD specialists and scored in the three scenarios by 56 respondents (52; 93% specialist gastroenterologists) from Europe and North America (25; 45%), South America (19; 34%) and the Middle East, Asia and Australia (12; 21%). For all scenarios, factors related to educating patients regarding UC and its treatment and understanding of patient goals ranked highest, ahead of clinical considerations regarding disease activity and treatment history. Setting realistic short-term treatment targets was a key consideration. 5-ASA optimisation and use of faecal calprotectin monitoring were core strategies across the three scenarios tested. Support for patients during longer-term management of their disease, starting from initial flare, was an important recurring theme. Conclusion The current management approach for mild-to-moderate UC was found to be guided primarily by the patient’s perspectives and goals, alongside assessment of their medical and disease history.
Agency Deficits in a Human Genetic Model of Schizophrenia: Insights From 22q11DS Patients

Abstract Schizophrenia is a chronic and disabling mental illness characterized by a disordered sense of self. Current theories suggest that deficiencies in the sense of control over one’s actions (Sense of Agency, SoA) may underlie some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. However, it is not clear if agency deficits are a precursor or a result of psychosis. Here, we investigated full body agency using virtual reality in a cohort of 22q11 deletion syndrome participants with a genetic propensity for schizophrenia. In two experiments employing virtual reality, full body motion tracking, and online feedback, we investigated SoA in two separate domains. Our results show that participants with 22q11DS had a considerable deficit in monitoring their actions, compared to age-matched controls in both the temporal and spatial domain. This was coupled with a bias toward erroneous attribution of actions to the self. These results indicate that nonpsychotic 22q11DS participants have a domain general deficit in the conscious sensorimotor mechanisms underlying the bodily self. Our data reveal an abnormality in the SoA in a cohort with a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia, but without psychosis, providing evidence that deficits in delineation of the self may be a precursor rather than a result of the psychotic state.
Mechanisms and Normal Data

This study provides a comprehensive description of upper eyelid movement in normal human subjects. Using the magnetic search coil technique to monitor lid position and modified skin electrodes to record orbicularis oculi electromyographic (EMG) activity, the authors found that the basic eyelid movements, blinks, and saccadic lid movements, can be uniquely and reliably characterized by their amplitude-maximum velocity relationships. The data show that similar increases in levator palpebrae activity produce the upward lid movements that accompany upward saccadic eye movements as well as the upward phase of a blink. The lid movements that accompany downward saccadic eye movements arise almost exclusively from the passive downward forces and relaxation of the levator palpebrae muscle. In contrast, active orbicularis oculi contraction and the passive downward forces act together to generate lid closure with a blink. These normative data and techniques provide the basis for the clinical analysis of lid motility by which abnormal lid movements can be compared with normal lid kinematics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:387-400,1991 Movement of the upper eyelid is a consequence of three active forces, two skeletal muscles and a smooth muscle-and a passive force produced by the mechanical arrangement of the eyelid. The two skeletal muscles provide the dominant forces that act on the lid. The tonically active levator palpebrae muscle raises the eyelid and holds it up; the normally quiescent orbicularis oculi muscle lowers the eyelid. Mueller's muscle, a smooth muscle that originates from the levator palpebrae and inserts onto the upper margin of the tarsal plate, provides an additional upward force on the eyelid. The arrangement of the ligaments and the insertion points of the skeletal muscles produce a constant, passive downward force on the upper eyelid. The neural signals required to generate lid movements reflect the mechanical simplicity of the lid. To blink, the nervous system turns off the tonically active levator palpebrae, and a burst of orbicularis oculi activity leads to a rapid lowering of the upper eyelid. To raise the eyelid again, the orbicularis oculi activity ceases and levator palpebrae activity resumes. 1 " 9 In contrast, the levator palpebrae muscle
Fc-engineered antibodies with immune effector functions completely abolished

Elimination of the binding of immunoglobulin Fc to Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) is highly desirable for the avoidance of unwanted inflammatory responses to therapeutic antibodies and fusion proteins. Many different approaches have been described in the literature but none of them completely eliminates binding to all of the Fcγ receptors. Here we describe a set of novel variants having specific amino acid substitutions in the Fc region at L234 and L235 combined with the substitution G236R. They show no detectable binding to Fcγ receptors or to C1q, are inactive in functional cell-based assays and do not elicit inflammatory cytokine responses. Meanwhile, binding to FcRn, manufacturability, stability and potential for immunogenicity are unaffected. These variants have the potential to improve the safety and efficacy of therapeutic antibodies and Fc fusion proteins.
A literature review on MHE selection problem: levels, contexts, and approaches

This paper presents a review on selection problem of material handling equipment (MHE) and general equipment used in industry area. The issue on MHE is widely paid attention since MHE has contribution on material, good and product accomplishment. Few methods and softwares have been proposed and developed to select the most appropriate MHE for a complex selection problem. Today’s high diverisity of MHE categories and types influence the generation of many possible choices which leads to the complexity. In this paper, a further discussion in terms of MHE and equipment including three major points namely level of selection, the context of selection problem and the approaches are served to highlight the complex MHE selection according to the number of possible choices provided, to analyse the consideration for the problem context, and to reveal the superior method for complex MHE selection. Forty-two papers collected from the past study are presented asscociating each point of the discussion.
The infant’s view redefines the problem of referential uncertainty in early word learning

Significance Human infants learn object names by mapping heard names to perceived things. The key challenge to this learning is referential uncertainty: For any heard name, there are many candidate referents with variable perceptual properties. Previous experimental research on how infants solve this problem has been based on different assumptions about the nature of this uncertainty. The present study quantifies the degrees of referential uncertainty by measuring infants’ real-time attention to the potential referents when parents name unfamiliar objects. We discovered an unexpected bimodal distribution of infant attention to the intended referents in parent speech during everyday parent–infant interactions, which redefines the century-long puzzle of referential uncertainty as a problem in the sampling of data for learning. The learning of first object names is deemed a hard problem due to the uncertainty inherent in mapping a heard name to the intended referent in a cluttered and variable world. However, human infants readily solve this problem. Despite considerable theoretical discussion, relatively little is known about the uncertainty infants face in the real world. We used head-mounted eye tracking during parent–infant toy play and quantified the uncertainty by measuring the distribution of infant attention to the potential referents when a parent named both familiar and unfamiliar toy objects. The results show that infant gaze upon hearing an object name is often directed to a single referent which is equally likely to be a wrong competitor or the intended target. This bimodal gaze distribution clarifies and redefines the uncertainty problem and constrains possible solutions.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk Is Associated With Severity of Metabolic Syndrome

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. The co-occurrence of OSA with MetS is common, but there are limited data on how OSA risk exacerbates the metabolic impairments present in MetS. The purpose of this analysis was to examine in a representative sample of participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2018 cohorts (1) the association of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors with OSA risk and MetS severity and (2) the influence of OSA risk and lifestyle behaviors on MetS severity. Methods Metabolic syndrome severity was assessed using MetS Z score, whereas the risk of OSA was measured via multivariable apnea prediction index. Data analyses were conducted using the sample weights provided by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results The sample (N = 11 288) included adults (>20 years old) who were overweight (mean body mass index, 29.6 ± 0.2 kg/m2), representative by race (36.9% non-White) and gender (51.9% female). Overall, 19.3% of the sample had elevated MetS severity (MetS Z score ≥ 1), and 38.4% were at a high risk of OSA (multivariable apnea prediction score of ≥0.50). High OSA risk was associated with having elevated MetS severity (odds ratio [OR], 4.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.68–6.65). Obstructive sleep apnea risk predicted increased MetS severity (adjusted: B = 0.06, SE = 0.02, P = .013). Physical activity provided the highest protection from increased MetS severity (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.39–0.70) and OSA risk (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.53–0.66). Conclusion Our findings suggest that increased OSA risk exacerbates MetS severity and that greater physical activity may mitigate the risk.
Association Between Awareness, Perceived Severity, and Behavioral Control of COVID -19 With Self-Care and Anxiety in Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT COVID-19 pandemic has caused a tidal wave of anxiety and stress among Iranians, especially pregnant women. This study aimed to assess the association between knowledge, perceived severity, and controllability of COVID-19 with self-care and health anxiety specially in pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was performed on 440 pregnant women. Data were collected using demographic-obstetrics characteristics, as well as the questionnaires of knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of the COVID-19, health anxiety, and self-care. Self-care was positively correlated with knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of the COVID-19. Nonetheless, health anxiety had a significant and inverse association with knowledge and perceived controllability, while there was a positive and significant correlation between perceived severity and health anxiety. Based on linear regression, three variables of knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of the COVID-19 could explain 46.3 and 17.5% of variations in self-care and health anxiety, respectively. It is suggested that due to the critical importance of prenatal care, managers, and health-care providers promote the use of such methods as telehealth and home-based caregivers, especially in areas with inadequate access to health care. So, the pregnant women can be followed up and receive medical care devoid of any stress and anxiety.
Understanding the Value of Project Management from a Stakeholder's Perspective: Case Study of Mega-Project Management

Project management can generate significant value for organizations (Thomas & Mullaly, 2007). However, the value of project management varies depending on the different size and complexity of projects managed. Focusing on mega-projects, this study explores the value of project management from the stakeholders’ perspective, thereby creating a value framework. In the case of SHRBC Company, it analyzes the company's project management practice and the value of project management, and consequently certifies the applicability of this value framework through empirical study.
The economic significance of industrial design awards: A conceptual framework

This paper explores the importance of industrial design awards in shaping competition. We propose that there exists a positive relationship between winning industrial design awards and the corporate performance of the award‐winner, and that this relationship is moderated by, first, the type of products involved, and second, by the reputation of the award. The reputation of an award, in turn, is considered to be the result of a) the fit between the selection system dominating the relevant industry and the selection system expressed by the award and b) other institutional factors specific to the award, such as the age and the monetary value of the award.
Interventions for Improving Body Composition in Men with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Purpose To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to investigate the most effective intervention for improving body composition outcomes in prostate cancer patients during or after treatment. Methods A systematic search was undertaken in multiple databases from inception to December 2020. Randomized clinical trials examining the effects of exercise/physical activity and/or nutrition interventions on body composition and body weight measures in prostate cancer patients were included. The primary endpoints were both whole-body and regional fat mass and lean mass measures, with body weight and BMI as secondary outcomes. A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the clustering effect of intervention modalities or control groups on the outcomes of interest. The study protocol is publicly available on PROSPERO (CRD42020202339). Results Fifty articles describing 47 trials (n = 3207) were included. Resistance training and combined resistance and aerobic exercise were the most effective interventions to reduce body fat percentage (−0.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.4% to −0.3%) and fat mass (−0.5 kg; 95% CI, −0.9 to −0.1 kg), respectively. For whole-body and regional lean mass, combined resistance and aerobic exercise + healthy diet (0.6 kg; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.0 kg) and resistance training alone (0.7 kg, 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.0 kg) were the best intervention, respectively. A low-fat diet was the most effective for reducing body weight immediately after or at follow-up, while no intervention promoted significant reductions in BMI. Conclusions These results indicate that a resistance-based exercise program alone or combined with a general healthy diet are the most effective interventions for improving overall body composition in men with prostate cancer.
High house dust mite serum-specific immunoglobulin E indicates a high 5-year rhinitis-asthma conversion rate: a cross-sectional study

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a costly and highly prevalent chronic disease now. More seriously, many patients with AR also have allergic asthma (AA). The presence of AR is a risk factor for the development of AA. Moreover, AA is still a significant cause of mortality for all ages. Therefore, predicting and preventing AA can reduce accidental death, severe health hazards, and the society’s enormous economic burden.
Fusion of medical imaging and electronic health records with attention and multi-head machanisms

Doctors often make diagonostic decisions based on patient's image scans, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and patient's electronic health records (EHR) such as age, gender, blood pressure and so on. Despite a lot of automatic methods have been proposed for either image or text analysis in computer vision or natural language research areas, much fewer studies have been developed for the fusion of medical image and EHR data for medical problems. Among existing early or intermediate fusion methods, concatenation of features from both modalities is still a mainstream. For a better exploiting of image and EHR data, we propose a multi-modal attention module which use EHR data to help the selection of important regions during image feature extraction process conducted by traditional CNN. Moreover, we propose to incorporate multi-head machnism to gated multimodal unit (GMU) to make it able to parallelly fuse image and EHR features in different subspaces. With the help of the two modules, existing CNN architecture can be enhanced using both modalities. Experiments on predicting Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) of intracerebral hemorrhage patients and classifying Alzheimer's Disease showed the proposed method can automatically focus on task-related areas and achieve better results by making better use of image and EHR features.
Eigenvalue superposition expansion for Toeplitz matrix-sequences, generated by linear combinations of matrix-order dependent symbols, and applications to fast eigenvalue computations

The eigenvalues of Toeplitz matrices $T_{n}(f)$ with a real-valued symbol $f$, satisfying some conditions and tracing out a simple loop over the interval $[-\pi,\pi]$, are known to admit an asymptotic expansion with the form \[ \lambda_{j}(T_{n}(f))=f(d_{j,n})+c_{1}(d_{j,n})h+c_{2}(d_{j,n})h^{2}+O(h^{3}), \] where $h=\frac{1}{n+1}$, $d_{j,n}=\pi j h$, and $c_k$ are some bounded coefficients depending only on $f$. The numerical results presented in the literature suggests that the effective conditions for the expansion to hold are weaker and reduce to an even character of $f$, to a fixed smoothness, and to its monotonicity over $[0,\pi]$. \\ In this note we investigate the superposition caused over this expansion, when considering a linear combination of symbols that is \[ \lambda_{j}\big(T_{n}(f_0)+\beta_{n}^{(1)} T_{n}(f_{1}) + \beta_{n}^{(2)} T_{n}(f_{2}) +\cdots\big), \] where $ \beta_{n}^{(t)}=o\big(\beta_{n}^{(s)}\big)$ if $t>s$ and the symbols $f_{j}$ are either simple loop or satisfy the weaker conditions mentioned before. We prove that the asymptotic expansion holds also in this setting under mild assumptions and we show numerically that there is much more to investigate, opening the door to linear in time algorithms for the computation of eigenvalues of large matrices of this type. The problem is of concrete interest in particular in the case where the coefficients of the linear combination are functions of $h$, considering spectral features of matrices stemming from the numerical approximation of standard differential operators and distributed order fractional differential equations, via local methods such as Finite Differences, Finite Elements, Isogeometric Analysis etc.
Sum-Rate Maximization of RIS-Aided Multi-User MIMO Systems With Statistical CSI

This paper investigates a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system by considering only the statistical channel state information (CSI) at the base station (BS). We aim to maximize its sum-rate via the joint optimization of precoding matrix at the BS and phase shifts vector at the RIS. However, the multi-user MIMO transmissions and the spatial correlations make the optimization cumbersome. For tractability, an asymptotic sum-rate is derived under a large number of the reflecting elements. By adopting the asymptotic sum-rate as the objective function, optimal designs of the transmit precoding matrix and the phase shifts vector can be decoupled and solved individually. More specifically, a high-quality suboptimal solution of the transmit precoding matrix and phase shifts vectors can be obtained by utilizing the water-filling algorithm and the projected gradient ascent (PGA) algorithm, respectively. Comparing to the case of the instantaneous CSI assumed at the BS, the proposed algorithm based on the statistical CSI can achieve comparable performance but with much lower channel estimation overhead, information feedback overhead, and computational complexity, which is more affordable and appealing for practical applications. Moreover, the impact of spatial correlation on the asymptotic sum-rate is examined by using majorization theory.
Scaling limit of linearly edge-reinforced random walks on critical Galton-Watson trees

We prove an invariance principle for linearly edge reinforced random walks on $\gamma$-stable critical Galton-Watson trees, where $\gamma \in (1,2]$ and where the edge joining $x$ to its parent has rescaled initial weight $d(\rho, x)^{\alpha}$ for some $\alpha \leq 1$. This corresponds to the recurrent regime of initial weights. We then establish fine asymptotics for the limit process. In the transient regime, we also give an upper bound on the random walk displacement in the discrete setting, showing that the edge reinforced random walk never has positive speed, even when the initial edge weights are strongly biased away from the root.
Fast orthogonal search for array processing and spectrum estimation

An efficient, general purpose modelling algorithm known as fast orthogonal search (FOS) is applied to the problem of estimating the angles of arrival of multiple plane waves incident on an array of sensors and to the related problem of estimating the temporal frequencies of narrowband signals in noise. An iterative version of the algorithm (IFOS), which approaches a minimum in the mean squared error between observed and modelled data, is introduced. A modification to the array steering vector model which is beneficial when the incident signals are coherent is described. FOS and IFOS are compared with MUSIC and root MUSIC in computer simulations.
Bohr sets in sumsets I: Compact groups

Let G be a compact abelian group and φ1, φ2, φ3 be continuous endomorphisms on G. Under certain natural assumptions on the φi’s, we prove the existence of Bohr sets in the sumset φ1(A) + φ2(A) + φ3(A), where A is either a set of positive Haar measure, or comes from a finite partition of G. The first result generalizes theorems of Bogolyubov and Bergelson-Ruzsa. As a variant of the second result, we show that for any partition Z = ⋃r i=1 Ai, there exists an i such that Ai − Ai + sAi contains a Bohr set for any s ∈ Z \ {0}. The latter is a step toward an open question of Katznelson and Ruzsa.