Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Response of Soil Bacterial Communities after Prescribed Fires in Semi-Arid Mediterranean Forests

Low-intensity burnings could be an effective silvicultural tool to prevent the occurrence and severity of wildfires. Nevertheless, their use as a forest fuel reduction tool may have a negative impact on soil properties. The aim of this investigation was to study the impact of a low-intensity prescribed fire on the main chemical properties of the soil (pH, electrical conductivity, and total organic carbon), and the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial communities in a semi-arid forest in SE Spain. Two similar stands were treated with a low-intensity prescribed burn in spring and autumn 2018 and were compared to an unburned stand. All soil samples were collected at the same time (autumn 2018). The chemical properties of the soil showed no significant differences between the prescribed burns and the control forest. Shannon and Pielou’s diversity indices presented values significantly lower in the burned soils compared to the control. Prescribed burning did not modify soil bacterial community structure at the phylum level, but NMDS analysis did reveal a difference between soil bacterial communities at the genus level. Both prescribed burnings favoured some bacterial taxa over others, suggesting different thermal and bacterial resistance. The presence of Massilia, Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter could suggest a short-term ecosystem recovery. Therefore, prescribed burning in semi-arid forests could be suitable as a preventive tool against wildfires.
Degradation of I c due to residual stress in high-performance Nb3Sn wires submitted to compressive transverse force

Future particle colliders in search for new physics at the energy frontier require the development of accelerator magnets capable of producing fields well beyond those attainable with Nb-Ti. As the next generation of high-field accelerator magnets is presently planned to be based on Nb3Sn, it becomes crucial to establish precisely the mechanical limits at which this brittle and strain sensitive superconductor can operate safely. This paper reports on the stress dependence and the permanent reduction of the critical current under transverse compressive loads up to 240 MPa in state-of-the-art restacked-rod-process (RRP®) and powder-in-tube Nb3Sn wires. Single-wire experiments were performed at 4.2 K in magnetic fields ranging between 16 T and 19 T on resin-impregnated samples to imitate the operating conditions of a wire in the Rutherford cable of an accelerator magnet. Depending on the wire technology, we measured irreversible stress limit values—defined as the transverse stress value, leading to a permanent reduction in the critical current of 5%, assessed by convention at 19 T—ranging between 110 MPa and 175 MPa. This permanent reduction of the critical current after mechanical unload can occur for two reasons, which can be concomitant: the plastic deformation of the Cu matrix that produces residual stresses on the Nb3Sn lattice and the formation of cracks. We developed a method to identify the dominant degradation mechanism in our experiments that allowed us to predict the fraction of critical current lost due to residual stresses. Interestingly, we found that in the RRP® wires the measured reduction of Ic after unload from stresses as high as 240 MPa can be fully ascribed to residual stresses. An independent confirmation of this conclusion coming from a study combining x-ray tomography and deep learning Convolutional Neural Networks is also reported.
Entrainment and Mixing Processes as Related to Droplet Growth in Warm Midlatitude and Tropical Clouds.

Abstract Aircraft measurements in warm continental cumuli (Voves, France, 1983) and in tradewind maritime band-clouds (Joint Hawaii Warm Rain Project, 1985) are analyzed in order to determine the influence of entrainment and mixing processes on the evolution of the condensate droplet spectrum. The results provide some insight on the similarities and differences between maritime and continental warm cumuli as related to warm rain production. The entrainment sources are determined by Paluch's thermodynamic method and contrasting results are obtained. Cloud top entrainment prevails in the midlatitude isolated cumuli whereas bandclouds of both data-sets are subject to multilevel lateral entrainment. Microphysical characteristics such as the droplet concentration and the spectral peak radius are analyzed in relation to the dilution degree of cloud parcels in order to examine the mixing process involved during entrainment events. The findings support the inhomogeneous mixing hypotheses with total evaporation of.
Bézout Domains with Nonzero Unit Radical

For an integral domain D, we define the unit radical u(D) which gives a ring theoretic characterization for a strong unit of the group of divisibility, then we show that the radical of a μ-normal-valued unital l-group is generated by bounded elements. Consequently, we get an explicit description of the minimal completely integrally closed overorder for a Bézout domain D with u(D) ≠ 0. Especially, we verify that Krull's conjecture [4] for completely integrally closed Bézout domains D holds if u(D) ≠ 0.
A visual study of the flow around an oscillating circular cylinder at low Keulegan–Carpenter numbers and low Stokes numbers

The structures of the flow induced by a circular cylinder performing sinusoidal oscillations in a fluid at rest are investigated by means of flow visualization. The experiments are carried out at Keulegan–Carpenter numbers between 1.6 and 15 and at Stokes numbers between 5 and 160. Above a certain value of Keulegan–Carpenter number, depending on the Stokes number, some asymmetry appears in the flow separation and the associated vortex development behind the cylinder. The two vortices that are developed in a half cycle differ in strength and may be convected in different directions. This results in a fascinating set of flow patterns. Eight different regimes of flow can be identified within the ranges of Keulegan–Carpenter number and Stokes number studied. Furthermore, most of the resulting flows show a three-dimensional instability along the axis of the cylinder. Measurements of the wavelength of these disturbances are presented.
The Effect of Housing Environment on Egg Production, USDA Egg Size, and USDA Grade Distribution of Commercial White Egg Layers

The housing environment has become a critical issue for consumers of eggs and egg products. Therefore, it is imperative to understand how various housing environments can affect the modern laying hen. In this study, alongside the 40th NC layer performance test, four different housing environments were chosen based on industry prevalence, which include conventional cages, barren, enrichable colony cages, enriched colony cages, and cage-free environments. Hens in these environments were raised following standard feeding and lighting practices. This study found that conventional cage and enriched colony cage hens had the highest egg production level, while hens from the barren colony cages had the lowest production level. Feed efficiency followed a similar trend, where conventional cage and cage-free hens had the best feed efficiency, followed by enriched colony cage and barren colony cage hens. This study also found that conventional cage hens had the largest eggs, while cage-free hens had the smallest eggs. Cage-free and conventional cage hens had the lowest mortality rate, while hens in the barren colony cage had the highest mortality rate. From the data shown, it appears that standard, conventional cages provide white egg layers with the most optimal environment for production performance. However, a further evaluation of health and stress is needed to determine which environment provides the hen with optimal welfare.
Immune responses elicited by ssRNA(−) oncolytic viruses in the host and in the tumor microenvironment

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are at the forefront of biologicals for cancer treatment. They represent a diverse landscape of naturally occurring viral strains and genetically modified viruses that, either as single agents or as part of combination therapies, are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. As the field gains momentum, the research on OVs has been shifting efforts to expand our understanding of the complex interplay between the virus, the tumor and the immune system, with the aim of rationally designing more efficient therapeutic interventions. Nowadays, the potential of an OV platform is no longer defined exclusively by the targeted replication and cancer cell killing capacities of the virus, but by its contribution as an immunostimulator, triggering the transformation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) into a place where innate and adaptive immunity players can efficiently engage and lead the development of tumor-specific long-term memory responses. Here we review the immune mechanisms and host responses induced by ssRNA(−) (negative-sense single-stranded RNA) viruses as OV platforms. We focus on two ssRNA(−) OV candidates: Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus with one of the longest histories of utilization as an OV, and influenza A (IAV) virus, a well-characterized human pathogen with extraordinary immunostimulatory capacities that is steadily advancing as an OV candidate through the development of recombinant IAV attenuated platforms.
Almost Convergence, Summability And Ergodicity

The notion of almost convergence introduced by Lorentz [15] has been generalized in several directions (see, for example [1; 8; 11 ; 14; 17]). I t is the purpose of this paper to give a generalization based on the original definition in terms of invariant means. This is effected by replacing the shift transformation by an "ergodic" semigroup of positive regular matrices in the definition of invariant mean. The resulting "- invariant means" give rise to a summability method which we dub -almost convergence.
Effects of the Dibenzofuran, Usnic Acid, on Inhibition of Ocular Biofilm Formation Due to Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are gram-positive, aerobic, commensal bacteria found on the skin and mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva. Usnic acid (UA) is a dibenzofuran derivative isolated from lichens. This study aimed to investigate the effects of usnic acid on inhibition of ocular biofilm formation due to CoNS. Material/Methods Nine Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates, 5 Staphylococcus hominis isolates, 2 Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates, and 1 Staphylococcus capitis and Staphylococcus lentus isolates were taken as test bacteria. They were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth and incubated for 24 hours at 35°C and activated. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Biofilm production was determined using the microtiter plate method and optical densitometry was measured at 570 nm using an automated microplate reader. Anti-biofilm activity of UA was determined by microtitration method and biofilm removal percentage was calculated. Results All tested bacteria were found as high biofilm-producer strains; they were generally resistant to methicillin, but susceptible to vancomycin. UA inhibited the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis isolates, ranging from 5.7% to 81.5%. It inhibited the biofilm formation of S. saprophyticus and S. lentus by 73.3% and 74.3%, respectively. There was no effect of UA on mature biofilms of S. epidermidis 17.7H, S. epidermidis 15.41, S. hominis 9.3, S. hominis 17.2H, S. saprophyticus, and S. lentus. Conclusions It was determined that UA exerted anti-biofilm activity on some CoNS isolated from the ocular surface. Anti-biofilm activity was found to be higher even in strains that did not show antibacterial activity.
Influence of classification errors on Intensity Analysis of land changes in southern Nigeria

This article presents the clearest description to date concerning how to compute the hypothetical classification errors that could explain deviations from uniform land changes in the context of Intensity Analysis. Intensity Analysis is an accounting framework that analyses a square contingency table to measure how the sizes of the changes compare to the sizes of the categories. Our case study analyses maps of a portion of southern Nigeria at 1987 and 2002 that show the categories: cultivation, forest, settlement, and water. The data reveal that the changes are not uniformly proportional to the sizes of the categories in terms of categorical gains, categorical losses, and transitions. The methods in this article show that hypothetical error in 9% of the 2002 map could explain all the deviations from uniform categorical gains, hypothetical error in 11% of the 1987 map could explain all the deviations from uniform categorical losses, and hypothetical error in 6% of the 1987 map could explain all deviations from uniform transitions. Larger hypothetical error indicates stronger evidence for a particular deviation from the relevant hypothesized uniform intensity. It is helpful to know the strength of evidence, even when the actual errors in the maps are unknown, which is frequently the case for historical time points.
Spectroscopic Approach Toward Unraveling the Electrical Signature of Roots

Geoelectrical methods are increasingly used to investigate soil‐plant interactions in an agricultural context. For this, it is essential to quantify root electrical properties, since they influence the bulk electrical signal of vegetated soil. This quantification has to be done at the root segment scale with attention for the variability of root properties in time and space as well as within and across plant species. In this study, we investigated the frequency‐dependent electrical properties in terms of conduction and polarization of single root segments of Brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.). A sample holder to investigate the electrical properties of root segments was designed and tested on ideal resistors. We found that it is suitable to assess the electrical properties of crop root segments of 1–5‐cm length in a frequency range between 1 Hz and 45 kHz. The system was then used to obtain the complex electrical response of Brachypodium and Maize root segments at 10 different ages. It was found that the electrical properties of the root segments varied with age and species. This variation was linked to root anatomy based on the microscopic analysis of root sections.
A Machine Learning Model to Predict Survival and Therapeutic Responses in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous hematologic tumor. Ubiquitin proteasome pathways (UPP) play a vital role in its initiation and development. We used cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) to select ubiquitin proteasome pathway associated genes (UPPGs) correlated with the overall survival (OS) of MM patients in a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, and we formed this into ubiquitin proteasome pathway risk score (UPPRS). The association between clinical outcomes and responses triggered by proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and UPPRS were evaluated. MMRF CoMMpass was used for validation. We applied machine learning algorithms to MM clinical and UPPRS in the whole cohort to make a prognostic nomogram. Single-cell data and vitro experiments were performed to unravel the mechanism and functions of UPPRS. UPPRS consisting of 9 genes showed a strong ability to predict OS in MM patients. Additionally, UPPRS can be used to sort out the patients who would gain more benefits from PIs. A machine learning model incorporating UPPRS and International Staging System (ISS) improved survival prediction in both datasets compared to the revisions of ISS. At the single-cell level, high-risk UPPRS myeloma cells exhibited increased cell adhesion. Targeted UPPGs effectively inhibited myeloma cells in vitro. The UPP genes risk score is a helpful tool for risk stratification in MM patients, particularly those treated with PIs.
Thickness dependence of exchange coupling in epitaxial Fe 3 O 4 /CoFe 2 O 4 soft/hard magnetic bilayers

Epitaxial magnetic heterostructures of $(\mathrm{soft}\ensuremath{-}){\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}/(\mathrm{hard}\ensuremath{-}){\mathrm{CoFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}(001)$ have been fabricated with a varying thicknesses of soft ferrite from 5 to 25 nm. We report a change in the regime of magnetic interaction between the layers from rigid-coupling to exchange-spring behavior, above a critical thickness of the soft magnetic ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ layer. We show that the symmetry and epitaxial matching between the spinel structures of ${\mathrm{CoFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ at the interface stabilize the Verwey transition close to the bulk value even for 5-nm-thick ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. The large interface exchange-coupling constant estimated from low-temperature $M(H)$ data confirmed the good quality of the ferrite-ferrite interface and the major role played by the interface in the magnetization dynamics. The results presented here constitute a model system for understanding the magnetic behavior of interfaces in core/shell nanoparticles and magnetic oxide-based spintronic devices.
Proxy Re-encryption Scheme based on the Timed-release in Edge Computing

—With the growth of Industrial Internet, various types of data show explosive growth. Data is being moved from the cloud to the edge for computing more frequently and edge computing becomes an important factor affecting the deep application of Industrial Internet platforms. However, the security issue of data transmission sharing is not addressed. Therefore, this paper proposes a security scheme based on timed-release, multi-dimensional virtual permutation, and proxy re-encryption(PRE), to protect the confidentiality of the data during the transmitter; symmetric cryptography is employed to encrypt the transmission data. At the same time, a time server is used, making it impossible for data receivers to get the information about the data before the specified time arrives, it solves the application scenario of data transmission and sharing with timed-release requirements and the efficiency of a large number of data is solved, and the security of data is improved. Finally, the security of the scheme was proved theoretically. Compared to existing PRE schemes, this scheme adds timed-release controlled access, has resistance to ciphertext attacks and end-to-end security features, and uses fewer bilinear pair operations in the algorithm. The performance was tested experimentally and the results show that the scheme improves efficiency while ensuring security and has significant advantages in terms of data security and private data protection.
The Effect of Lease Accounting on Credit Rating and Cost of Debt: Evidence from Firms in Korea

This study examines the effect of capital lease and operating lease options in accounting on credit ratings and the cost of debt using data for 13 years (2001 to 2013) on 6133 listed and unlisted domestic firms in Korea that recognize leases on financial statements. We use the Heckman two-stage model to control for sample selection bias from lease selection. The first stage is the probit regression in which the dependent variable is a dummy variable on the lease selection and the explanatory variables are factors known to affect lease selection. The second stage consists of the ordered probit regression model and the ordinary least square regression model where the dependent variables are credit rating and cost of debt, respectively. The results show that lease selection does not significantly affect corporate credit ratings—however, in terms of the cost of debt, enterprises that adopt operating leases spend considerably less than firms that engage in capital leases. Further analysis suggests that the results for credit ratings do not differ by listing status. However, the cost of debt for listed companies does not seem to differ by lease selection, while unlisted firms see a sharp decline in their cost of debt when they choose operating leases over capital leases.
The Importance of an Early Evaluation after Establishing a Gluten-Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease

A gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment available for celiac disease (CD); hence, it is important to ensure correct adherence to the diet and adequate monitoring of the diet. The present study aims to assess the importance of an early follow-up of celiac patients after diagnosis of the disease, identify the role of stool gluten immunogenic peptides (GIPs) in the assessment of GFD adherence, and analyze possible nutritional imbalances or deficiencies in the GFD. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed CD in a tertiary hospital in Spain. Of the 61 patients included, 14% had positive stool GIPS at 4 months after CD diagnosis, Among them, 88% had negative stool GIPS at 9 months after diagnosis, following dietary advice. We found nutritional deficiencies in the GFD, such as vitamin D (with only 27% of patients with adequate intakes), folate, calcium, magnesium, and fiber. Similarly, we found imbalances: excess protein and fat intakes and a high percentage of total daily energy intake came from ultra-processed foods (UPF). These findings emphasize the importance of early follow-up of children after diagnosis of CD. It is also crucial to identify patients with poor GFD compliance based on stool GIPS and analyze GFD nutritional imbalances and deficits. Our findings may contribute to the development of specific strategies for the early follow-up of patients with CD, including appropriate nutritional counselling.
Thermodynamic models of the air spring on the high-speed pantograph

ABSTRACT The modelling method of the air spring and its additional pneumatic system has been studied more frequently in recent years. As for the railway field, the study of the secondary suspension system of the bogie is the most popular, while little focus is on the air spring of the pantograph. In this paper, the modelling method of the air spring on the pantograph is investigated and developed. Four thermodynamic models are derived step by step, which can roughly be separated into two types. The first two models are established to express the relationship between the inner pressure and the vertical displacement of the air spring, and the effect of a regulator is illustrated and discussed. The latter two models that are developed from the first two models are set up to express the relationship between the vertical force and the vertical displacement of the air spring, where the effect of air spring material is illustrated and discussed. All four models are validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental results for frequency characteristics. Finally, the characteristics of the four proposed models are illustrated and discussed.