Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilizing predictive machine-learning modelling unveils feature-based risk assessment system for hyperinflammatory patterns and infectious outcomes in polytrauma

Purpose Earlier research has identified several potentially predictive features including biomarkers associated with trauma, which can be used to assess the risk for harmful outcomes of polytraumatized patients. These features encompass various aspects such as the nature and severity of the injury, accompanying health conditions, immune and inflammatory markers, and blood parameters linked to organ functioning, however their applicability is limited. Numerous indicators relevant to the patients` outcome are routinely gathered in the intensive care unit (ICU) and recorded in electronic medical records, rendering them suitable predictors for risk assessment of polytraumatized patients. Methods 317 polytraumatized patients were included, and the influence of 29 clinical and biological features on the complication patterns for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), pneumonia and sepsis were analyzed with a machine learning workflow including clustering, classification and explainability using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values. The predictive ability of the analyzed features within three days after admission to the hospital were compared based on patient-specific outcomes using receiver-operating characteristics. Results A correlation and clustering analysis revealed that distinct patterns of injury and biomarker patterns were observed for the major complication classes. A k-means clustering suggested four different clusters based on the major complications SIRS, pneumonia and sepsis as well as a patient subgroup that developed no complications. For classification of the outcome groups with no complications, pneumonia and sepsis based on boosting ensemble classification, 90% were correctly classified as low-risk group (no complications). For the high-risk groups associated with development of pneumonia and sepsis, 80% of the patients were correctly identified. The explainability analysis with SHAP values identified the top-ranking features that had the largest impact on the development of adverse outcome patterns. For both investigated risk scenarios (infectious complications and long ICU stay) the most important features are SOFA score, Glasgow Coma Scale, lactate, GGT and hemoglobin blood concentration. Conclusion The machine learning-based identification of prognostic feature patterns in patients with traumatic injuries may improve tailoring personalized treatment modalities to mitigate the adverse outcomes in high-risk patient clusters.
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal on Entisols and Plant Uptake Amended with Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Sludge

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge was derived from about 50% of wastewater effluent of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) productions. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of contaminant status which was applied with POME sludge on Entisols and plant uptake of maize growth. POME sludge obtained from the Jengka 8 FELDA Palm Oil was used in this study. The maize (Zea mays) was used as a test crop and planted in Rasau series soil (Entisols). The soil, leaves and stem samples were air-dried, homogenized and sieved. Heavy metal analysis identified the existence of Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni and Mn elements by the sequential extraction procedure using optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The physicochemical of POME sludge showed that most heavy metals in each treatment fulfilled the WHO/FAO standard and were safe for human consumption. After applying treatments on Entisols, a small amount of Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni and Mn was retrieved from the exchanges phase. Small amount of Cr, Ni and Mn were identified in the stems and leaves. Zn, Cd, Pb and Cr were not detected in the bioavailable forms, while Cu was only available in the mixing ponds sludge samples. The results showed that most heavy metal properties contained low residual fractions from the soil and plant uptake in stems and leaves. The application of POME sludge in agricultural practices might offer a sustainable utilization of waste materials in the oil palm plantation.
Emulating Optimal Replacement with a Shepherd Cache

The inherent temporal locality in memory accesses is filtered out by the L1 cache. As a consequence, an L2 cache with LRU replacement incurs significantly higher misses than the optimal replacement policy (OPT). We propose to narrow this gap through a novel replacement strategy that mimics the replacement decisions of OPT. The L2 cache is logically divided into two components, a Shepherd Cache (SC) with a simple FIFO replacement and a Main Cache (MC) with an emulation of optimal replacement. The SC plays the dual role of caching lines and guiding the replacement decisions in MC. Our proposed organization can cover 40% of the gap between OPT and LRU for a 2MB cache resulting in 7% overall speedup. Comparison with the dynamic insertion policy, a victim buffer, a V-Way cache and an LRU based fully associative cache demonstrates that our scheme performs better than all these strategies.
Factors Associated with Hypertension Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Indonesian Family Life Survey

Purpose Hypertension (HTN) poses a significant health risk for Indonesia’s large population. Underlying factors contributing to this disease are not fully understood at a national level. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate factors associated with HTN in Indonesia. Patients and Methods This study used data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5, a 2014 national cross-sectional population-based survey of individuals aged 15 years and older. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) value was determined from three blood pressure measurements taken by trained nurses using Omron digital sphygmomanometers. The respondent was classified as hypertensive when the MAP value was at least 100. The study summarised the socio-demographic factors (age, gender, marital status, ethnicity and occupation status) and lifestyle habits (smoking, sleep quality, physical activity) with descriptive statistics. The potential associations between these factors and HTN were assessed using logistic regression analysis. The results were reported in terms of odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The study included 32,670 respondents; 31.2% of them had HTN. Factors that were more likely associated with HTN were being <65 years old, being married (OR 1.257, 95% CI 1.170–1.352) and being smoker (OR 1.297, 95% CI 1.198–1.404), while being male (OR 0.677, 95% CI: 0.625–0.733) and doing no physical activity (OR 0.870, 95% CI: 0.813–0.930) were less likely to be associated with HTN. Conclusion This study indicates that there are associations between certain socio-demographic factors and lifestyle habits with HTN in Indonesia. This information may help policymakers and healthcare providers to develop effective strategies in order to control HTN in Indonesia, thereby improving the overall health and well-being of the population.
Exosomes from Von Hippel-Lindau-Null Cancer Cells Promote Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that modulate essential physiological and pathological signals. Communication between cancer cells that express the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene and those that do not is instrumental to distant metastasis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In a novel metastasis model, VHL(−) cancer cells are the metastatic driver, while VHL(+) cells receive metastatic signals from VHL(−) cells and undergo aggressive transformation. This study investigates whether exosomes could be mediating metastatic crosstalk. Exosomes isolated from paired VHL(+) and VHL(−) cancer cell lines were assessed for physical, biochemical, and biological characteristics. Compared to the VHL(+) cells, VHL(−) cells produce significantly more exosomes that augment epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of VHL(+) cells. Using a Cre-loxP exosome reporter system, the fluorescent color conversion and migration were correlated with dose-dependent delivery of VHL(−) exosomes. VHL(−) exosomes even induced a complete cascade of distant metastasis when added to VHL(+) tumor xenografts in a duck chorioallantoic membrane (dCAM) model, while VHL(+) exosomes did not. Therefore, this study supports that exosomes from VHL(−) cells could mediate critical cell-to-cell crosstalk to promote metastasis in RCC.
Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Linezolid, Clofazimine, and Capreomycin MIC Distributions for Drug Resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Shanghai, China

Background New antituberculosis drugs have recently been approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis TB (MDR-TB). We aimed to describe the distributions of bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, clofazimine, and capreomycin MIC values for M. tuberculosis. Methods M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were originally isolated from 2020 to 2021 from 1452 different pulmonary tuberculosis patients of the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital in China. The drug susceptibility testing was performed using the Sensititre custom plates (SHTBMY) (TREK Diagnostic Systems, Thermo Fisher Scientific In., USA) consisting of a 96-well microtitre plate containing 4 (bedaquiline, delamanid, clofazimine, capreomycin) antimicrobial agents. MICs were determined for linezolid using a microdilution method. Results Based on the latest definitions, 156 (10.74%) were MDR-TB, 93 (6.40%) were pre-XDR-TB, and 27 (1.86%) were XDR-TB. The rate of BDQ resistance in cases of MDR-TB was 7.69%, while it was observed to be 10.75% in cases of pre-XDR-TB, and significantly higher at 37.04% in cases of XDR-TB. The lowest rate of drug resistance against M. tuberculosis was DLM (0.14%). For LZD, 11 (0.76%) clinical isolates were resistant, based on the CLSI breakpoint of 1μg/mL. The five strains with a MIC value of >32 for LZD resistance were XDR-TB isolates. Among all MDR, pre-XDR, and XDR isolates tested, LZD’ MIC50 increased from 0.25 and 0.5 to 1μg/mL. The MIC90 value of LZD against XDR-TB isolates was 32μg/mL. For CFZ, six isolates with elevated MICs of ≥2μg/mL. CFZ’s MIC50 and MIC90 values in all isolates were 0. 12μg/mL and 0.25μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion The study findings indicate that BDQ, DLM, CFZ, and LZD may exhibited excellent in vitro activity against MDR-TB isolates. Detection of resistance to BDQ and LZD was alarming for XDR-TB isolates. It is necessary to perform universal drug sensitivity testing for M. tuberculosis, especially MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients.
Transforming Sustainability: Blending Chemically Enhanced Soybean Oil with Used Transformer Oil for Eco-Friendly Recycling

: For insulation and to prevent discharge and arcing, mineral oil is frequently used in power transformers. However, because of the mineral oil's extremely low flashpoint and lack of sustainability, this can also result in an explosion in the event of a fire. In this study, a mineral oil substitute that employs waste soybean oil that has been chemically altered through transesterification and epoxidation reactions to achieve the desired properties that meet ASTM standard requirements for power transformers is proposed. After going through the transesterification and epoxidation processes, the performance of waste soybean vegetable oil for use in electrical transformers has been assessed. For fresh mineral oil FMO, used mineral oil UMO, and recycled mineral oil RMO, which is produced by mixing with synthesized soybean vegetable oil SSVO with different concentrations, the physical properties (dynamic viscosity and flash point), chemical properties (water content and acidity), and electrical properties (break-down voltage) were measured. According to these measured data, the physical characteristics of the RMO at the mixing proportion (7:3-UTO: SSVO) are higher than those of the FMO and UMO, respectively, while the water content of the RMO is significantly higher than that of the FMO but lower than that of the UMO. Additionally, the breakdown voltage values of RMO show an increase over UMO, but it is lower than FMO, and the acidity of RMO is lower than UMO and higher than FMO. All previous measurements were also taken for waste soybean vegetable oil WSVO that was used in the synthesis of SSVO, and previous values meet the limited values of ASTM. The current study suggested synthesized soybean vegetable oil as a sustainable method of utilizing waste resources, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting environmental and economic benefits, in addition to being a replacement cooling medium for liquid-filled transformers
Legume Grasslands Promote Precipitation Infiltration better than Gramineous Grasslands in arid Regions

Precipitation infiltration is the most important process for soil water supply of vegetation in the arid regions. Higher infiltration rate is advantageous for vegetation growth and maintenance in the arid areas. Four grassland types (Medicago sativa, Agropyron cristatum, Caragana korshinskii and Stipa capillata) were selected in this study. Results showed that the infiltration capacity in the legume grasslands was about 30% higher than in the gramineous grasslands and the difference was significant (p < 0·05). Furthermore, the infiltration rate in legume shrub‐grassland was 16% less than the legume grasslands, but the difference was not significant (p > 0·05). The below‐ground biomass, total porosity, capillary porosity, soil organic matters and soil aggregate were the main factors to determine the soil infiltration rates. The capillary porosity and soil aggregate of the top soil presented significant negative effects on soil infiltration rate (p < 0·05). The below‐ground biomass in 10–30 cm soil layer was the most important factor, which significantly and positively correlates with the soil infiltration rate (p < 0·01). It is possible to conclude that the legume grasslands presented the higher soil infiltration rate and promoted precipitation infiltration in the studied area. And the legume grasslands might be a more suitable option for vegetation restoration from the perspective of soil infiltration and water supply in the arid regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
History of watershed research in the Central Arizona Highlands

The Central Arizona Highlands have been the focus of a wide range of research efforts designed to learn more about the effects of natural and human induced disturbances on the functioning, processes, and components of the region's ecosystems. The watershed research spearheaded by the USDA Forest Service and its cooperators continues to lead to a comprehensive understanding of the region's ecology, and to formulation of management guidelines that meet the increasing needs of people in the region, and throughout the Southwestern United States. This report assembles the pertinent details of all watershed research accomplished by the USDA Forest Service and its cooperators in the region and provides highlights of the results. An extensive literature cited section is included for additional information. Information on the current status of the 5 major research area is also provided.
Effect of Evidence-Based Nursing Care on Quality of Sexual Life among Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence

Background : Intimate relationships depend heavily on sexual activity, which is an essential component of overall health. Evidence-based nursing care has emerged as a valuable approach to improve the health of patients and enhancing the standard of management. Purpose: To investigate the effect of evidence-based nursing care on the quality of sexual life among women with stress urinary incontinence. Research design : A pair of groups (which consist of a study group alongside the control group) participated in a quasi-experimental research design. Setting : Menoufia University Hospital and Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital's obstetrics and gynecological outpatient clinics served as the study's settings. Sample: A purposive sample of 88 women was selected. Instruments: The Incontinence Severity Index, Female Sexual Function Index, and Sexual Quality of Life-Female were used, along with a structured interview questionnaire. Results : The study's findings demonstrated that, prior to the intervention, there was no statistically significant change in the female sexual function index between the study and control groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the study and control groups' scores of the female sexual function index after three and six months of the intervention. Furthermore, after three and six months of the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in the quality of sexual life scores between the study group and the control groups, compared to before the intervention. Conclusion: According to the study's findings, women with stress urinary incontinence could have better sexual experiences when they received evidence-based nursing care. Recommendations: Provide comprehensive education about stress urinary incontinence, its impact on sexual life, and available treatment options.
A multi-objective comparison of CNN architectures in Arctic human-built infrastructure mapping from sub-meter resolution satellite imagery

ABSTRACT Risk assessment of infrastructure exposed to ice-rich permafrost hazards is essential for climate change adaptation in the Arctic. As this process requires up-to-date, comprehensive, high-resolution maps of human-built infrastructure, gaps in such geospatial information and knowledge of the applications required to produce it must be addressed. Therefore, this study highlights the ongoing development of a deep learning approach to efficiently map the Arctic built environment by detecting nine different types of structures (detached houses, row houses, multi-story blocks, non-residential buildings, roads, runways, gravel pads, pipelines, and storage tanks) from recently-acquired Maxar commercial satellite imagery (<1 m resolution). We conducted a multi-objective comparison, focusing on generalization performance and computational cost, of nine different semantic segmentation architectures. K-fold cross validation was used to estimate the average F1-score of each architecture and the Friedman Aligned Ranks test with the Bergmann-Hommel post-hoc procedure was applied to test for significant differences in generalization performance. ResNet-50-UNet++ performs significantly better than five out of the other eight candidate architectures; no significant difference was found in the pairwise comparisons of ResNet-50-UNet++ to ResNet-50-MANet, ResNet-101-MANet, and ResNet-101-UNet++. We then conducted a high-performance computing scaling experiment to compare the number of service units and runtime required for model inferencing on a hypothetical pan-Arctic scale dataset. We found that the ResNet-50-UNet++ model could save up to ~ 54% on service unit expenditure, or ~ 18% on runtime, when considering operational deployment of our mapping approach. Our results suggest that ResNet-50-UNet++ could be the most suitable architecture (out of the nine that were examined) for deep learning-enabled Arctic infrastructure mapping efforts. Overall, our findings regarding the differences between the examined CNN architectures and our methodological framework for multi-objective architecture comparison can provide a foundation that may propel future pan-Arctic GeoAI mapping efforts of infrastructure.
Application of Octenidine into Nasal Vestibules Does Not Influence SARS-CoV-2 Detection via PCR or Antigen Test Methods

The targeted or universal decolonization of patients through octenidine for nasal treatment and antiseptic body wash for 3 to 5 days prior elective surgery has been implemented in several surgical disciplines in order to significantly reduce surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by Staphylococcus aureus carriage. However, as most healthcare facilities also screen patients on admission for pilot infection, it is imperative that a prophylactic nasal decolonization procedure not yield a false negative SARS-CoV-2 status in otherwise positive patients. We assessed the effect of a commercially available octenidine-containing nasal gel on two different screening methods—antigen (Ag) detection based on colloidal gold immunochromatography and RT-PCR—in a prospective-type accuracy pilot study in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive inpatients. All patients still showed a positive test result after using the octenidine-containing nasal gel for about 3 days; therefore, its application did not influence SARS-CoV-2 screening, which is of high clinical relevance. Of note is that Ag detection was less sensitive, regardless of the presence of octenidine. From an infection prevention perspective, these results favor octenidine-based decolonization strategies, even during seasonal SARS-CoV-2 periods. As only asymptomatic patients are considered for elective interventions, screening programs based on RT-PCR technology should be preferred.
Review on design requirements of a rainfall simulator for urban stormwater studies

This paper critically reviews the relevant published literature on rainfall simulators. This was done to identify the most important design requirements for the fabrication of rainfall simulators, and to direct the development of a new rainfall simulator at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Australia. The paper also presents results of an experimental investigation into the spatial uniformity of naturally occurring rainfall distribution patterns. The review results suggest that the characteristics of natural rainfall events are not comprehensively understood, and that there is much scope for increased research knowledge in this area.
Insights into Editing and Revising in Writing Process Using Keystroke Logs

ABSTRACT Recent technology advances have enabled the collection of keystroke logs during writing, a non-intrusive approach to collecting writing process data that could provide insights into writers’ editing and revising behaviors in the writing process. Using keystroke logs from 761 middle school students in the US, this study investigated the association between the writers’ editing and revising behaviors, especially in-text editing and jump editing, and their scores and gender. The results showed different writing behavior patterns for participants of different ability and gender. The research findings on the writing processes went beyond character- and word-level activities and shed light on writers’ revising behaviors and related writing evaluating skills, which can potentially be used for automated writing interventions.