Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test of effect of lipid lowering by diet on cardiovascular risk. The Minnesota Coronary Survey.

The Minnesota Coronary Survey was a 4.5-year, open enrollment, single end-time double-blind, randomized clinical trial that was conducted in six Minnesota state mental hospitals and one nursing home. It involved 4393 institutionalized men and 4664 institutionalized women. The trial compared the effects of a 39% fat control diet (18% saturated fat, 5% polyunsaturated fat, 16% monounsaturated fat, 446 mg dietary cholesterol per day) with a 38% fat treatment diet (9% saturated fat, 15% polyunsaturated fat, 14% monounsaturated fat, 166 mg dietary cholesterol per day) on serum cholesterol levels and the incidence of myocardial infarctions, sudden deaths, and all-cause mortality. The mean duration of time on the diets was 384 days, with 1568 subjects consuming the diet for over 2 years. The mean serum cholesterol level in the pre-admission period was 207 mg/dl, falling to 175 mg/dl in the treatment group and 203 mg/dl in the control group. For the entire study population, no differences between the treatment an.
Spectroscopic characterization and quantum chemical computations of the 5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol molecule

ABSTRACT The Fourier transform infrared, laser-Raman, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts, and Ultraviolet (UV)-Visible spectra of the 5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol molecule have been experimentally recorded. The molecular geometric structure analysis, vibrational frequencies, electronic absorption spectroscopy, frontier molecular orbital energies, and molecular electrostatic potential of the 5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol molecule have been calculated by using density functional theory calculations with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set in the ground state, for the first time. Additionally, natural bond orbitals and non-linear optical properties of the 5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol molecule have been theoretically investigated by using the mentioned level. The obtained results show that the theoretical values are in good agreement with experimental data.
Interactive Effects of Calcium and Boron Application on Nutrient Content, Growth and Yield of Faba Bean Irrigated by Saline Water

Faba bean (Vicia faba L. var . Nobaria 12) was grown under saline irrigation water (1.0% Sea salt EC iw = 15.2dS m -1 ) and none saline water (Control, EC iw = 0.64dS m -1 ) and subjected to soil application of calcium (0,100 and 200ppm Ca as Calcium hydroxide) and foliar application of boron (0, 5 and 10ppm as boric acid). Results indicated that the reduction in growth and yield was found proportional with increasing salinity of irrigation water at all studied parameters but application of calcium and boron minimized the deleterious effects of salinity up to various extents. The significant improvement was observed in the shoot and root weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, due to the application of 200ppm calcium combined with foliar application of 5ppm boron under both non saline and saline conditions of irrigation water. Also, Pod and seed yield was increased as affected by Ca and B application under both saline and none saline irrigation water. In general, K
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Momordica Charantia Fruit Extracts

The synthesis of nanoparticles is in the spotlight in modern nanotechnology. In recent years, the development of competent green chemistry methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has become a main limelight of researchers. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract is currently under exploitation. The first time in this paper we have reported the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by reduction of silver nitrate, using fruit extracts of Momordica charantia (bitter melon); commonly found plant in south East Asia. The reaction process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is simple, cost-effective, novel, rapid and eco-friendly route using fruit extract of M. charantia plant, which acted as a reducing and stabilizing agent simultaneously at room temperature. Formation of the nanosilver was confirmed by surface Plasmon spectra using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and absorbance peak at 440 nm. Different silver ion concentration and contact times were experimenting in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles properties were characterized by UV-Vis.
水体铜离子吸收系数光谱(400-900 nm)测量

金属溶解物的吸收光谱测量是水体重金属遥感反演的关键。 本文使用水体透射光测量装置,利用ASD光谱仪测量相同厚度不同浓度铜离子溶液的透射光辐亮度,运用比值法计算水体铜离子消光系数和吸收系数,最终得到400—900 nm波长范围内的水体铜离子单位浓度吸收系数光谱。 该方法可以较好地消除实验装置和水中悬浮物的影响。 结果表明,水体铜离子在蓝、绿光波段吸收作用极小,红光至红外波段的吸收系数快速增大,与铜离子溶液颜色相吻合;吸收峰位于810 nm。 多次独立实验测量所得结果的标准差很小,说明测量结果稳定。 与Jancso测量结果的对比分析表明,本文结果与国际上著名测量结果接近,且部分波段的测量值更为合理。
31—Changes in the Dimensions of Plain-Knitted Wool Fabrics with Variation of Moisture Regain

Changes in area of a plain-knitted wool fabric as a result of changes in regain (r.h. movement) are shown to be dependent upon fabric stiffness and the previous treatments of the fabric. A suggested mechanism is also put forward to account for the shrinkage in area which occurs when a dry-relaxed fabric is placed in water.
Ion transport physiology and its interaction with trace element accumulation and toxicity in inanga (Galaxias maculatus)

7 List of tables & figures . 9 Abbreviations . 14 Chapter 1: Introduction . 15 1.1 Background . 16 1.2 Osmoregulation in freshwater fish . 16 1.3 Trace Element toxicity. 18 1.3. 1 Sources of trace elements. 18 1.3. 2 Bioavailability . 19 1.3. 3 Trace element uptake . 21 1.3. 4 Toxic effects of Fe, Zn, and Cu . 22 1.4 Biotic Ligand Model . 25 1.5 Biomarkers . 26 1.6 Approaches to studying trace element toxicity . 27 1.7 Inanga . 28 1.8 Synopsis. 31 Chapter 2: General Methods . 34 2.1 Animal collection & husbandry . 35 2.2 Aquarium water . 35 2.3 Euthanasia and dissections . 37 2.4 Unidirectional ion flux . 37 2.4. 1 Ion influx . 37 2.4. 2 Na Efflux . 38 2.5 Caging exposures . 39 2.6 Natural organic matter (NOM). 40 2.7 Trace element analyses . 40 2.7. 1 Sample digestions . 40 2.7. 2 ICP-MS . 41 2.8 Biochemical analyses . 42 2.8. 1 Lipid peroxidation . 42 2.8. 2 Na/K-ATPase (NKA) . 42 2.8. 3 Bradford protein assay . 43
Determination of Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Betula utilis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT A rapid and reliable method was developed and validated for determining betulin and betulinic acid in bark in Betula utilis by high-resolution magic angle spinning 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy. HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy clearly distinguished the resonances of betulin and betulinic acid in the bark of all accessions of B. utilis. The concentrations of betulin and betulinic acid were calculated and added to the spectra. The determination of the targeted metabolites in chloroform extract of bark of each accession of B. utilis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantitatively, betulin was present at higher concentrations than betulinic acid in all accessions. The HR-MAS NMR and HPLC results showed that betulin and betulinic acid varied significantly among accessions of B. utilis. Principal component analysis of the NMR and HPLC results provided classification into three metabolic groups in which the betulin concentration was high, moderate, or low. The results show that HR-MAS NMR is rapid for fingerprinting of betulin and betulinic acid in the bark of B. utilis, while minimizing the drawbacks associated with solvent extraction.
Effects of timber harvesting on the lag time of Caspar Creek watershed

Hydrograph lag time was analyzed to determine changes after road construction and after selective, tractor-yarded logging in a Caspar Creek watershed, Mendocino County, California. The paired watershed technique was used. Hydrograph lag time for each storm was the time separation between the midpoint of precipitation and the time coordinate of the runoff centroid. No significant change in lag time was detected after road construction. After logging, the lag time generally increased for small, early fall storms and decreased for larger storms. To determine whether the change after logging was influenced primarily by the rising or falling limb of the hydrograph, each hydrograph record was split at the peak and the lag time was measured to the centroid time coordinate of each segment. A statistically significant reduction in both the rising and falling limb lag times was observed. Six hydrologic variables were examined as predictors of the effect of logging on lag time. Proportion of area logged and the ratio of proportion of area logged divided by the storm sequence number were the best predictors. Other variables examined were North Fork peak flow, storm sequence number, storm size, and antecedent precipitation.
What Happens Structurally and Electronically during the Li Conversion Reaction of CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles: An Operando XAS and XRD Investigation

The need to identify lithium battery anodes consisting of new materials exhibiting high energy density and good cycling stability has intensified the research on reversible so-called conversion reactions between lithium and oxidic spinels such as, e.g., CoFe2O4. Operando nondestructive synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were applied to directly determine the complex reaction mechanisms occurring during discharge and charge processes. Distinct reaction mechanism steps related to different electrochemical features of nanosized CoFe2O4 as the anode material are elucidated. The different discharge steps include uptake of a small fraction of Li into an amorphous layer covering the particles, the transformation of the spinel structure into a NaCl-like structure, and the formation of nanosized metallic Co and Fe embedded in a Li2O matrix. The metals are oxidized to form Co2+ and Fe3+ during charging. The reaction Fe3+ ↔ Fe0 is observed for many discharge/charge processes,.
Active Deep Learning Method to Automate Unbiased Stereology Cell Counting

x Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Motivations and Problem Statement 1 1.1.1 Current Practices of Unbiased Stereology 1 1.1.2 Deep Learning vs. Handcrafted Algorithms 2 1.1.3 Shortage of Labeled Data 3 1.2 Deep Learning-based Automatic Unbiased Stereology 4 1.3 Dissertation Overview 5 Chapter 2: Background 7 2.
Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data for Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Containing PPG725 and Salts at Various pH Values

The phase diagrams and compositions of coexisting phases have been determined for three aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS's) containing poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) with an average molecular weight of 725 and sodium citrate, potassium phosphate, or magnesium sulfate at 25 °C and several pH values. The effect of pH on the salting-out effect of salts in the polymer phase by sodium citrate, potassium phosphate, and magnesium sulfate has been studied. It was found that an increase in salt composition at constant pH increases the concentration of PPG in the top phase and an increase in pH caused the expansion of the two-phase region for these systems. Increasing the pH also increases the concentration of PPG in the PPG-rich phase for systems containing sodium citrate and magnesium sulfate and decreases it for systems containing potassium phosphate, while the salt-rich phase for sodium citrate and magnesium sulfate systems will be more diluted and for potassium phosphate system will be somewhat concentrated. Furt.
Elucidating Transport-Recombination Mechanisms in Perovskite Solar Cells by Small-Perturbation Techniques

Solar cells using perovskite as semiconducting pigment have recently attracted a surge of interest owing to their remarkable solar-to-electric conversion efficiencies and ease of processing. In this direction various device architectures and materials have been employed, and attempts were made to elucidate the underlying working principles. However, factors governing the performance of perovskite devices are still obscure. For instance, the interpretation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is not straightforward, and the complexity of the equivalent circuits hinders the identification of transport and recombination mechanisms in devices, especially those that determine the performance of the device. Here in we carried out a comprehensive and complementary characterization of perovskite solar cells by using an array of small-perturbation techniques: EIS and intensity-modulated photocurrent and photovoltage spectroscopy (IMPS/IMVS). The employment of IMPS allowed us to identify two transport ti.
Experimental Investigation of GFRP Hybrid Full-scale Bridge Deck Panels Subjected to AASHTO Design Truck Wheel Load

This paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using a novel glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sandwich panel in bridge deck applications. This new system integrates a polyurethane foam core that is sandwiched between two GFRP facings. With the purpose of investigating the performance of this new system, experimental static testing was performed. The investigation focused on the ultimate flexural strength capacity, stiffness, and panel-to-panel connection of the proposed bridge deck. The results of the flexural testing showed that the tested bridge deck panels exceeded the AASHTO Design Code Strength requirements by nearly three times. In addition, the bonded butt-type sandwich panel-to-panel connection transferred the loading between the panels beyond that required by code. 
Multi-task learning for image restoration

We present an efficient end-to-end pipeline for general image restoration. The setting has a generic encoder and separate decoders so that our model can benefit from the shared low-level feature representations between the tasks. We also introduce the new architecture for the generator inspired by the feature pyramid networks for dealing with multi-scale degradations. We train the models for solving three particular image restoration problems: deblurring, dehazing, and raindrop removal.
Rice Rotation and Tillage Effects on Water-Stable Soil Macroaggregates and Their Associated Carbon and Nitrogen Contents in a Silt-Loam Soil

Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping systems are different from other crop rotations because of the flood-irrigation scheme, which can influence the rate of soil organic matter decomposition, water-stable soil aggregation, and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestration over time. A study was conducted on a silt-loam soil (fine, smectitic, thermic, Typic Albaqualf) in eastern Arkansas to evaluate the effects of rice-based crop rotations (with maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)), tillage (conventional tillage and no-tillage (NT)), and soil depth (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm) after 10 years of management on water-stable macroaggregates (WSA) and their C and N concentrations (g kg−1), C:N ratios, and contents (g m−2). The total amount of WSA (WSATotal >0.25 mm in diameter) and the distribution of WSA among five different size classes (0.25–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, 2–4, and >4 mm in diameter) within each treatment combination were evaluated. The concentration of WSATotal was 1.2 to four times greater under NT/0- to 5-cm soil depth (9.2–16.0 g kg−1) than under other tillage-depth combinations. Macroaggregate concentration in the 0.25- to 0.5-mm size class was greater under continuous rice (9.3 g kg−1) and rice rotations with maize (7.6–8.0 g kg−1) than in rotations with wheat (4.9–6.5 g kg−1). The NT/0- to 5-cm combination had three to six times greater WSATotal C (235 g m−2) and N (20.6 g m−2) contents than all other tillage-depth combinations (C, 38.3–80.5 g m−2; N, 3.5–5.7 g m−2), which did not differ. Despite field management differences from using seasonal flood-irrigation in rice, this study demonstrates that the extent of tillage and crop rotation effects on soil macroaggregation and the associated macroaggregate-associated C and N contents were proportionate to trends commonly reported in dryland crop rotations.
Structure — Property Behavior of New Segmented Polyurethanes and Polyureas Without Use of Chain Extenders

Abstract New novel segmented polyurethane and polyurea copolymers have been synthesized without chain extenders and the structure-property behavior of these systems has been investigated. It is shown that by the proper choice of diisocyanate and its symmetry, one can obtain highly microphase separated systems without chain extenders and that the materials also display useful mechanical behavior. In particular, it is shown that due to the bidentate hydrogen bonding achieved in the segmented ureas, a significant modulus “service temperature window” is also obtained. It is also verified that not only can strong microphase separation be obtained with low weight fraction hard segment content (14%) but that the hard phase, which is comprised of monodisperse “single molecule” units, also displays a percolated thread-like structure throughout the dominant soft segment material — the latter being based on ca. 1000g/mol polytetramethylene oxide.
High-pressure behavior of zoisite

Abstract A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) study has been carried out on two natural zoisite samples Ca2Al3-xFexSi3O12OH, one Fe-free (x = 0) and one Fe-rich (x = 0.12). The unit-cell parameters were determined for the Fe-free sample at 18 different pressures up to 7.76 GPa and for the Fe-rich sample at 13 different pressures up to 7.63 GPa. The P(V) data for both of the samples were fitted by a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (BM3 EoS). The equation of state coefficients are: V0 = 903.39(5) Å3, KT0 = 122.1(7) GPa, and K0′ = 6.8(2) for the Fe-free sample and V0 = 906.95(5) Å3, KT0 = 119.1(7) GPa, and K0′ = 7.3(2) for the Fe-rich sample. This shows that the addition of Fe in to the crystal structure of zoisite leads to a slight softening of the structure. Both compositions exhibit axial compressibilities βc > βa >> βb, with the compressibilities of the a and b axes of the two samples being indistinguishable. The softening of the bulk modulus of zoisite with Fe content follows from softening of the c-axis of the structure. A high-pressure structural study of the Fe-free sample showed that the main compression mechanisms in the structure are the compression of soft inter-octahedral distance along [001] and soft intra-octahedral distances along [010] directions, while along [100] the main compression occurs because of the compression of stiff intra-octahedral distances. The substitution of Fe on to the M3 octahedral site of the structure leads to an increase of the intra-octahedral distance of the M3 that triggers the rotation of M12 and therefore leads to the softening of the M12 inter-octahedral distances that accounts for the softening of the c-axis of the structure.
Tuning the processability, morphology and biodegradability of clay incorporated PLA/LLDPE blends via selective localization of nanoclay induced by melt mixing sequence

Polylactic acid (PLA)/linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) blend nanocomposites based on two different commercial-grade nanoclays, Cloisite ® 30B and Cloisite ® 15A, were produced via different melt mixing procedures in a counter-rotating twin screw extruder. The effects of mixing sequence and clay type on morphological and rheological behaviors as well as degradation properties of the blends were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that generally the level of exfoliation in 30B based nanocomposites was better than 15A based nanocomposites. In addition, due to difference in hydrophilicity and kind of modifiers in these two clays, the effect of 30B on refinement of dispersed phase and enhancement of biodegradability of PLA/LLDPE blend was much more remarkable than that of 15A nanoclay. Unlike the one step mixing process, preparation of nanocomposites via a two steps mixing process improved the morphol- ogy. Based on the XRD and TEM (transmission electron microscopic) results, it is found that the mixing sequence has a remarkable influence on dispersion and localization of the major part of 30B nanoclay in the PLA matrix. Owing to the induced selective localization of nanoclays in PLA phase, the nanocomposites prepared through a two steps mixing sequence exhibited extraordinary biodegradability, refiner morphology and better melt elasticity.
Beyond the first hydration shell: dielectric study of LiCl aqueous solution

Abstract The dielectric constant for lithium chloride (LiCl) in aqueous solution with the entire concentration has been determined in the frequency range 0.5 GHz–50GHz at 298 K by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). The system behaviour is described according to the Cole–Cole and two Debye-type relaxation functions whose evolution with composition is analysed. Combining the Cole–Cole and two Debye-type relaxation functions, the results of the dielectric properties of aqueous LiCl solution are presented and discussed. The maximum number of water molecules perturbed by ions in the hydration shell decays with its concentration. Using the extended Froehlich theory, it is concluded that the water structure is perturbed by ions beyond the first hydration shell in LiCl aqueous solution system.
Chemical constituents in roots of Polygonum perfoliatum

Seven compounds were isolated from the roots of Polygonum perfoliatum. By combination of chemical methods and spectral analyses, structures, these compounds were identified as β-sitosterol (1), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (2), quercetin (3), quercetin-3-O-β-D- glucoside (4), emodin (5), physcion (6) and aloeemoclin (7). All these compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Towards Next Generation Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Non-Conventional Carbon Compartments/Sulfur Electrodes and Multi-Scale Analysis

In this work, a novel heterofunctional, bimodally-porous carbon morphology, termed the carbon compartment (CC), is utilized as a sulfur host within a lithium-sulfur battery cathode. A multi-scale model explores the physics and chemistry of the lithium-sulfur battery cathode. The CCs are synthesized through a rapid, low cost process to improve electrode-electrolyte interfacial contact and accommodate volumetric expansion associated with sulfide formation. The CCs demonstrate controllable sulfur loading and ca. 700 mAh g−1 (at 47%-wt S) reversible capacity with high coulombic efficiency due to their unique structures. Density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics characterize the interface between the C/S composite and electrolyte during the sulfur reduction mechanism. Stochastic realizations of 3D electrode microstructures are reconstructed based on representative SEM micrographs to study the influence of solid sulfur loading and lithium sulfide precipitation on microstructural and electrochemical properties. A macroscale electrochemical performance model is developed to analyze the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. The combined multi-scale simulation studies explain key fundamentals of sulfur reduction and its relation to the polysulfide shuttle mechanism: how the process is affected due to the presence of carbon substrate, thermodynamics of lithium sulfide formation and deposition on carbon, and microstructural effects on the overall cell performance. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0481605jes] All rights reserved.