Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ozone concentration variations observed in northern Finland in relation to photochemical, transport and cloud processes

Ozone concentrations measured at the Pallas-Sodankylä Global Atmosphere Watch station, located north of the Arctic Circle on a low mountain, were analysed together with data on nitrogen oxides concentrations and cloudiness. Air parcel trajectories were used to characterise the source area of air masses. The monthly mean ozone concentrations at Pallas showed a maximum in April and a broad minimum in late summer/autumn. In summer, the highest concentrations were observed in southern air masses on average, while the Atlantic and Arctic cases dominated in the earlier and latter part of the year, respectively. In autumn/early winter, there were large differences between the source areas. Throughout the year, ozone concentrations were depleted in the presence of clouds. In summer, the reduction was larger in unpolluted than polluted cases. It is suggested that the formation of nitrate radical and the scavenging of dinitrogen pentoxide act as an effi cient ozone sink in winter, while in summer the difference between clear and cloudy conditions is due to the direct and indirect effects of aqueous chemistry.
Drizzle in Stratiform Boundary Layer Clouds. Part II: Microphysical Aspects.

Abstract This is the second of two observational papers examining drizzle in stratiform boundary layer clouds. Part I details the vertical and horizontal structure of cloud and drizzle parameters, including some bulk microphysical variables. In this paper, the focus is on the in situ size-resolved microphysical measurements, particularly of drizzle drops (r > 20 μm). Layer-averaged size distributions of drizzle drops within cloud are shown to be well represented using either a truncated exponential or a truncated lognormal size distribution. The size-resolved microphysical measurements are used to estimate autoconversion and accretion rates by integration of the stochastic collection equation (SCE). These rates are compared with a number of commonly used bulk parameterizations of warm rain formation. While parameterized accretion rates agree well with those derived from the SCE initialized with observed spectra, the autoconversion rates seriously disagree in some cases. These disagreements need to be addr.
Two Body Problem: Collaborative Visual Task Completion

Collaboration is a necessary skill to perform tasks that are beyond one agent's capabilities. Addressed extensively in both conventional and modern AI, multi-agent collaboration has often been studied in the context of simple grid worlds. We argue that there are inherently visual aspects to collaboration which should be studied in visually rich environments. A key element in collaboration is communication that can be either explicit, through messages, or implicit, through perception of the other agents and the visual world. Learning to collaborate in a visual environment entails learning (1) to perform the task, (2) when and what to communicate, and (3) how to act based on these communications and the perception of the visual world. In this paper we study the problem of learning to collaborate directly from pixels in AI2-THOR and demonstrate the benefits of explicit and implicit modes of communication to perform visual tasks. Refer to our project page for more details: https://prior.allenai. org/projects/two-body-problem
Circulating miRNA expression over the course of colorectal cancer treatment

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cancer type in males and the second-most common cancer type in females, and has the second-highest overall mortality rate worldwide. Approximately 50% of patients in stage I–III develop metastases, mostly localized to the liver. All physiological conditions occurring in the organism are also reflected in the levels of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in patients. miRNAs are a class of small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs consisting of 18–25 nucleotides, which have important roles in various cellular processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a panel of seven circulating miRNAs (miR-106a-5p, miR-210-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-191-5p and miR-16-5p) as biomarkers for monitoring patients undergoing adjuvant treatment of CRC. Total RNA was extracted from the plasma of patients with CRC prior to surgery, in the early post-operative period (n=60) and 3 months after surgery (n=14). The levels of the selected circulating miRNAs were measured with the miRCURY LNA miRNA PCR system and fold changes were calculated using the standard ∆∆Cq method. DIANA-miRPath analysis was used to evaluate the role of significantly deregulated miRNAs. The results indicated significant upregulation of miR-155-5p, miR-21-5p and miR-191-5p, and downregulation of miR-16-5p directly after the surgery. In paired follow-up samples, the most significant upregulation was detected for miR-106a-5p and miR-16-5p, and the most significant downregulation was for miR-21-5p. Pathway analysis outlined the role of the differentially expressed miRNAs in cancer development, but the same pathways are also involved in wound healing and regeneration of intestinal epithelium. It may be suggested that these processes should also be considered in studies investigating sensitive and easily detectable circulating biomarkers for recurrence in patients.
Public expenditure and growth: the Indian case

The paper deals with the analysis of the relationship between public spending and growth as well as the dynamics of the ratio public debt/GDP. We show that a composition of public spending that favours productive expenditures, i.e. those with a direct positive effect on the economy's rate of growth, can determine a situation in which the ratio of the public debt to GDP is stable, even though the government runs primary de cits. We test our theoretical results by considering the Indian case that, for a number of reasons, appears to be consistent with our theoretical hypotheses and assumptions. The results of the empirical analysis substantially support the idea that the dynamics of the economy as well as of the ratio public debt/GDP are crucially contingent on having a public sector that favours productive expenditures.
Independent Inventors' Invention Processes

Independent inventors typically start to develop a solution to a problem they have personally experienced. They quickly move from realization of a problem to an iterative process of sketching, building and testing. During these activities, little interaction with customers and other stakeholders was found. The main reason for this at an early stage was that they did not want to risk patentability. Once a patent application was submitted, external interaction was still low, which was now explained by the fact that few wanted to accept a sunk cost, and making large changes at this stage would make the patent obsolete. When benchmarking with organizational and entrepreneurial approaches, six main key insights derived from the gap analysis. Independent inventors perform few front end activities, they do not go through divergent phases, little focus is directed towards business related issues, they involve few customers and external stakeholders in their process, they make no formal assessments. Finally, the Lean start-up approach could be a good alternative for some inventors to increase chances to reach commercialisation. (Less)
PROMOTING ROAD SAFETY FOR PREADOLESCENT BOYS WITH MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES: THE EFFECT OF COGNITIVE STYLE AND THE ROLE OF ATTENTION IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF SAFE AND DANGEROUS ROAD- CROSSING SITES

An important pedestrian skill that young people with intellectual disabilities (ID) (mental retardation) find difficult is the ability to find a safe place to cross the road. Safe pedestrian behaviour relies on cognitive skills, including the ability to focus attention on the traffic environment and ignore irrelevant stimuli. Individuals with ID consistently demonstrate selective attention deficiencies. Other factors such as individual differences in cognitive style might play a role in road safety. The aims of the present study were to test any possible significant relationship between attention, cognitive style and identification of safe and dangerous road-crossing sites in preadolescents with ID. Participants were 40 boys with mild ID. Attention and field dependence-independence were assessed using the visual attention subtest of the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment and the Children’s Embedded Figures Test (CEFT), respectively. The participants were subdivided into two groups, matched on IQ. The two groups differed significantly in mean score on the visual attention subtest and on the CEFT. Analysis of variance showed that preadolescents with higher scores on both tests performed better than those who were more filed dependent and less attentive. Attention and cognitive style should be considered in the planning of road safety training for individuals with ID.
A Critique of Conventional Non-market Valuation: Attitudes and Action

This paper revisits two conventional beliefs of environmental nonmarket valuation and examines their weaknesses and a new opportunity. The two beliefs are that willingness to pay (WTP) is an appropriate measure of non-market behaviour and that exogenous variables are relevant predictors of WTP whilst endogenous variables are not. The contemporary literature in psychology and economics is reviewed to demonstrate departures from these two beliefs.
Do We See Ourselves as Others Infer: A Comparison of Self-Other Agreement on Multiple Dimensions of Self-Concept from Two Continents.

Abstract Two studies evaluated the ability of significant others to accurately infer multiple dimensions of self-concept of university students in Australia (n = 151) and Canada (n = 941) and the construct validity of response to the Self Description Questionnaire III (SDQIII). Four factor analyses-self-and other-responses by Australians and Canadians - all clearly identified the 13 factors that the SDQIII is designed to measure. Mean ratings were similar in the two studies, although self-ratings tended to be lower than other-ratings (i.e., a self-modesty effect). There was substantial self-other agreement on each of the 13 SDQIII factors, that was similar for Australians and Canadians (mean rs of 568 and 560), and much higher than reported in previous research. Multitrait-multimethod analyses demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity of the SDQIII responses in both studies. Across all analyses, Australian and Canadian results were remarkably similar. Critical features leading to the consistently .
Foliar Feeding of Micronutrient Mixtures on Growth and Yield of Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus )

An experiment was conducted to study the performance of foliar feeding of micronutrients on growth and yield of okra. Foliar application of 100-ppm of six micronutrients (Zn, B, Fe, Cu, Mo and Mn) mixture were done and treatments were considered as M : Control (Fresh water spray) M : one times foliar application 1 2 (20 days after sowing (DAS) and M : two times foliar application (20 DAS and 35 DAS). The tallest plant 3 (90.5 cm), longest petiole (29.1 cm), longest internode (12.1 cm) and longest pod (17.4 cm) was also found from M , while the shortest from M . The maximum stem diameter (3.3 cm), number of leaves (50.8/plant), leaf area 3 1 (30.9 cm ), number of branches (5.6/plant), number of internodes (21.6/plant), fresh weigth (87.2 g/plant), dry 2 weight (11.6 g/plant), number of pod (34.1/plant), pod diameter (1.7 cm) and yield (368.7 g/plant, 3.2 kg/plot and 17.8 t.ha) was found from M , whereas the minimum from M . Foliar feeding of micronutrients mixture can 3 1 increases the growth and yield of okra.
Almost periodic solutions for a certain class of almost periodic systems

ABsmAcr. Using a result due to Medvedev [3], we obtain conditions under which systems of ordinary differential equations of the form x' = F(t, x, x) + G(t, x) where F and G are almost periodic in t will have unique almost periodic solutions with certain global stability properties and module containment. These conditions are compared to conditions for the existence, but not uniqueness, for such solutions obtained by Kartsatos in [2]. Both results, our as well as Kartsatos', are applied to a second order equation of Lienard type with almost periodic forcing.
Contribution Nutrients and Genetic Variation Involved in One-Carbon Metabolism and Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk : A Population-based Case-Control Study

Nutritional and genetic determinants of the one-carbon metabolism pathway have been related to risk of malignant lymphomas, but little is known about their associations with Hodgkin lymphoma risk specifically. The authors examined nutrient intake (folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, methionine) and multivitamin use among 497 Hodgkin lymphoma patients and 638 population-based controls (Massachusetts and Connecticut, 1997–2000), and genetic variation (MTHFR 677C>T, MTHFR 1298A>C, MTR 2756A>G, SHMT1 1420C>T, TYMS 1494del6) and gene-diet interactions in a subset. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate multivariable odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Hodgkin lymphoma risk was not associated with total nutrient intake or intake from food alone (excluding supplements). Multivitamin use (odds ratio (OR) 1⁄4 1.46, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.96), total vitamin B6 (ORquartile 4 vs. 1 1⁄4 1.62) (Ptrend 1⁄4 0.03), and total vitamin B12 (ORquartile 4 vs. 1 1⁄4 1.75) (Ptrend 1⁄4 0.02) intakes were positively associated with risk of Epstein-Barr virus-negative, but not -positive, disease. The 5 genetic variants were not significantly associated with Hodgkin lymphoma risk; no significant gene-diet interactions were observed after Bonferroni correction. Study findings do not support a strong role for nutrients and genetic variation in the one-carbon metabolism pathway in susceptibility to Hodgkin lymphoma. Associations between diet and risk of Epstein-Barr virus-negative disease require confirmation in other populations.
University of Groningen Data-driven subtypes of major depressive disorder

Background: According to current classification systems, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) may have very different combinations of symptoms. This symptomatic diversity hinders the progress of research into the causal mechanisms and treatment allocation. Theoretically founded subtypes of depression such as atypical, psychotic, and melancholic depression have limited clinical applicability. Data-driven analyses of symptom dimensions or subtypes of depression are scarce. In this systematic review, we examine the evidence for the existence of data-driven symptomatic subtypes of depression. Methods: We undertook a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase in May 2012. We included studies analyzing the depression criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) of adults with MDD in latent variable analyses. Results: In total, 1176 articles were retrieved, of which 20 satisfied the inclusion criteria. These reports described a total of 34 latent variable analyses: 6 confirmatory factor analyses, 6 exploratory factor analyses, 12 principal component analyses, and 10 latent class analyses. The latent class techniques distinguished 2 to 5 classes, which mainly reflected subgroups with different overall severity: 62 of 71 significant differences on symptom level were congruent with a latent class solution reflecting severity. The latent class techniques did not consistently identify specific symptom clusters. Latent factor techniques mostly found a factor explaining the variance in the symptoms depressed mood and interest loss (11 of 13 analyses), often complemented by psychomotor retardation or fatigue (8 of 11 analyses). However, differences in found factors and classes were substantial. Conclusions: The studies performed to date do not provide conclusive evidence for the existence of depressive symptom dimensions or symptomatic subtypes. The wide diversity of identified factors and classes might result either from the absence of patterns to be found, or from the theoretical and modeling choices preceding analysis.
Oscillations of weakly viscous conducting liquid drops in a strong magnetic field

We analyse small-amplitude oscillations of a weakly viscous electrically conducting liquid drop in a strong uniform DC magnetic field. An asymptotic solution is obtained showing that the magnetic field does not affect the shape eigenmodes, which remain the spherical harmonics as in the non-magnetic case. A strong magnetic field, however, constrains the liquid flow associated with the oscillations and, thus, reduces the oscillation frequencies by increasing effective inertia of the liquid. In such a field, liquid oscillates in a two-dimensional (2D) way as solid columns aligned with the field. Two types of oscillations are possible: longitudinal and transversal to the field. Such oscillations are weakly damped by a strong magnetic field – the stronger the field, the weaker the damping, except for the axisymmetric transversal and inherently 2D modes. The former are overdamped because of being incompatible with the incompressibility constraint, whereas the latter are not affected at all because of being naturally invariant along the field. Since the magnetic damping for all other modes decreases inversely with the square of the field strength, viscous damping may become important in a sufficiently strong magnetic field. The viscous damping is found analytically by a simple energy dissipation approach which is shown for the longitudinal modes to be equivalent to a much more complicated eigenvalue perturbation technique. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of new measurement methods of surface tension, viscosity and the electrical conductivity of liquid metals using the oscillating drop technique in a strong superimposed DC magnetic field.
On the weak type (1,1) inequality for conjugate functions

A theorem of Kolmogorov states that there is a positive constant K such that if f is the conjugate function of an integrable real valued function f on the unit circle then m{lfl )>} 0. It is shown that the smallest possible value for K in this theorem, the so called weak type (1, 1) norm of the conjugate function operator, is (1+32+52+ -)/(1I32+52_. . 1.347. This number is also shown to be the weak type (1, 1) norm of the Hilbert transform operator on functions defined on the real line. The proof uses P. Levy's result that Brownian motion in the plane is conformally invariant.
FEBRUARY 2001

The paper gives an introduction to the persistent problems regarding labour market integration of Non-Western immigrants and refugees in Denmark. We describe changes in the flow of immigrants to Denmark and the derived changes in the composition of the stock of immigrants and descendants on national origin. Next, the paper describes Danish immigration policy from the guest worker stop in the 1970s and until the recent situation. The shift in the composition of immigrants has contributed to a problematic situation regarding labour market integration, characterized by low participation and high unemployment among non-OECD immigrants. We emphasize problems on the demand side of the labour market, i.e. a high minimum wage and discrimination to some extent, and on the supply side due to weak or counterproductive financial incentives. * CIM, CLS, IZA and Department of Economics, University of Aarhus, Universitetsparken, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, email: pjp@cls.dk ** CIM, CLS, IZA and Department of Economics, Aarhus School of Business, Fuglesangs Alle 20, Aarhus V, Denmark, email: nina@asb.dk
Effects of Night Illumination on Behavior, Body Mass and Learning in Male Zebra Finches

An increase in artificial night lighting has blurred the boundaries of day and night and transformed the natural day-night environment with alteration in the temporal niche of the animals. Male zebra finches were exposed to a dim light at night (dLAN) protocol (Light: dLAN, 12L = 200 lux: 12dLAN = 5 lux) with controls on darkness at night (Light: dark, 12L = 200 lux: 12D = 0 lux) for six weeks. We assayed sleep-wake, daily behaviors, mood, and cognition, as well as changes in physiological parameters. Dim light at night increased sleep frequency, delayed sleep onset, advanced awakening latency, and caused a reduction in total sleep duration. dLAN birds did not associate (physical association) with novel object and birds spent significantly lesser time on perch with novel object as compared to LD. In colour learning task, night illuminated birds took more time to learn and made more error, compared to LD. dLAN significantly altered the 24-h daily behavioral rhythm (amplitude and acrophase) of feeding, drinking, preening, and perch-hopping behavior. In particular, birds extended their feeding hours in the nighttime under dLAN, with no difference in total food intake. Birds under dLAN increased fattening and hence significantly increased body mass. Our results show that dim light at night altered feeding rhythm, caused decrease in sleep behavior, and negatively affected learning and memory performance in male zebra finches.
Finding Out the Hard Way: Uncovering the Structural Foundations of Political Dissatisfaction in Italy, 1973–2013

This article analyses the long-term dissatisfaction of citizens with democracy in Italy in light of the economic and institutional transformations that have occurred over the last four decades. Using multilevel analysis, the results challenge previous research showing how poor economic performance in the form of unemployment and inflation has increased dissatisfaction. Most importantly, the article demonstrates that the widespread political dissatisfaction can be connected to fragmentation of the party system. In this regard, the impact of the electoral reforms that have been introduced are assessed. These favoured a recovery of satisfaction between the ‘First’ and the ‘Second’ Republic due to the emergence of bi-polar political competition. However, the effect has been contained by an inability to substantially reduce the number of parties. By drawing on compelling data, this study provides systematic evidence of the macro-foundations of Italian political discontent.
SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC EVENT OF IMPACT USING EXPLICIT 3D FEM MODEL AND VALIDATION BY EXPERIMENT AND CONTACT MODELS

— In this study, an optimized method to simulate the dynamic 3D event of the impact of a rod with a flat surface has been presented. Unlike the 2D FEM based contact models, in this study both the bodies undergoing the impact are considered elastic(deformable) and simulation is the dynamic event of the impact, instead of predefined 2D symmetric contact analysis. Prominent contact models and plasticity models to define material properties in ANSYS are reviewed. Experimentation results of normal and oblique impact of the rod for different rods provided the coefficient of restitution. Experimental results of permanent deformation on the base for different impact velocity is derived out of a prominent impact study. The simulation results are in co-relation with experiment and both indentation and flattening models on the coefficient of restitution (COR) and permanent deformation of the base and rod after the impact. Thus, the presented 3D Explicit Dynamic simulation of impact is validated to analyze the impact behavior of the 2 bodies without any predefined assumptions with respect to boundary conditions or material properties.