Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in olfactory decision-making

Patricio, Íris, Isabel. The time for dreams, magic and adventures. Margarida, Rodrigo, Zé. The simple truths. Catarina. The digressions that kept me on track. estimativa temporal para diferentes condições de expectativa temporal. Verificámos que a magnitude desta componente sensível a expectativa está correlacionada com a dificuldade do estímulo, sendo que variações maiores no OSD correspondem a valores menores de performance. Estes resultados demonstram Abstract Relationships between accuracy and speed of decision-making, or speed-accuracy tradeoffs (SAT), have been extensively studied. However, the range of SAT observed varies widely across studies for reasons that are unclear. Several explanations have been proposed, including motivation or incentive for speed vs. accuracy, species and modality but none of these hypotheses has been directly tested. An alternative explanation is that the different degrees of SAT are related to the nature of the task being performed. Here, we addressed this problem by comparing SAT in two odor-guided decision tasks that were identical except for the nature of the task uncertainty: an odor mixture categorization task, where the distinguishing information is reduced by making the stimuli more similar to each other; and an odor identification task in which the information is reduced by lowering the intensity over a range of three log steps. We found a much larger increase in odor sampling duration (OSD) with difficulty for stimulus detection compared to categorization. This was also observed when the two tasks were combined, by interleaving the full set of stimuli from the categorization and identification tasks as well as intermediate mixtures. These two manipulations interacted linearly with respect to OSD, consistent with the idea that low concentrations and low mixture contrast pose independent sources of uncertainty. We hypothesized that in odor identification, vi accuracy is limited by stimulus uncertainty, whereas in mixture categorization, accuracy is limited by variability in the mapping of the stimulus to the response, which must be learnt on a trial-by trial basis. Given this hypothesis, we investigated whether ongoing learning has a different influence on the choice of animals in identification and categorization. In both tasks there was a clear trial-by-trial updating of the animal's choice function. However, whereas in categorization choice bias increased with difficulty of the previous trial and outcome, in identification this bias was dependent only on choice side and outcome. Next, we used a modeling approach to investigate which computational mechanisms might account for the behavioral changes observed in the identification …
Post-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic tool in patients treated with tocilizumab for severe COVID-19 pneumonia - a single center experience

Introduction Tocilizumab is used in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and high concentration of IL-6. We studied potential prognostic role of neutrophil and lymphocyte count regarding tocilizumab treatment. Materials and methods We enrolled 31 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and higher serum IL-6 concentration. The samples were taken on the day of tocilizumab administration and five days later. We used ROC analysis to investigate the association between the analysed parameters and 30-day mortality in order to determine the best pre-treatment and post-treatment prognostic factor. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were used to present and to analyse the difference in survival. Results Patients had a median age of 63 (55-67) years and were treated with a median tocilizumab dose of 800 mg. During the 30-day follow-up period, 17 patients died (30-day mortality 54%). Among pre-treatment variables, neutrophil count had the best prognostic accuracy (AUC 0.81, 95%CI: 0.65-0.96, P = 0.004), while neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) had the highest accuracy among post-treatment variables in predicting 30-day mortality (AUC 0.94, 95%CI: 0.86-1.00, P < 0.001). Among post-treatment parameters, neutrophil count and NLR were equally good prognostic factors. Post-treatment NLR cut-off of 9.8 had the sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 93%. Patients with NLR ≥ 9.8 had the median survival of 7.0 (3-10) days vs. median survival not reached in patients with NLR < 9.8 (P < 0.001) Conclusion Pre-treatment and post-treatment neutrophil count with post-treatment NLR may represent prognostic tools for patients with higher IL-6 concentration in severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab.
Switching Biological Therapies in Severe Asthma

Currently, three classes of monoclonal antibodies targeting type 2 inflammation pathways are available in Italy for the treatment of severe asthma: anti-IgE (Omalizumab), anti-IL-5/anti-IL-5Rα (Mepolizumab and Benralizumab), and anti-IL-4Rα (Dupilumab). Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-life studies have been conducted to define their efficacy and identify baseline patients’ characteristics potentially predictive of favorable outcomes. Switching to another monoclonal antibody is recommended in case of a lack of benefits. The aim of this work is to review the current knowledge on the impact of switching biological therapies in severe asthma as well as on predictors of treatment response or failure. Almost all of the information about switching from a previous monoclonal antibody to another comes from a real-life setting. In the available studies, the most frequent initial biologic was Omalizumab and patients who were switched because of suboptimal control with a previous biologic therapy were more likely to have a higher baseline blood eosinophil count and exacerbation rate despite OCS dependence. The choice of the most suitable treatment may be guided by the patient’s clinical history, biomarkers of endotype (mainly blood eosinophils and FeNO), and comorbidities (especially nasal polyposis). Due to overlapping eligibility, larger investigations characterizing the clinical profile of patients benefiting from switching to different monoclonal antibodies are needed.
Image enhancement based on performed-FCMSPCNN

In Dunhuang mural image restoration, image enhancement techniques have effectively helped in image restoration. Based on pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN) has been widely used in image processing, in order to solve the low-lighting problem of Dunhuang mural images, on the basis of FC-MSPCNN model, the parameters such as synaptic weight matrix 𝑊ijk1, link strength 𝛽, attenuation factor 𝛼 and attenuation adjustment parameter K are redefined in combination with adaptive parameter setting method, and the Performed-FCMSPCNN (PFC-MSPCNN) model. Finally, the linear transform, gamma transform, and histogram algorithms are used for image enhancement and compared with the PFC-MSPCNN model, respectively. It is verified that the PFC-MSPCNN model in this paper has a good enhancement effect on low-light images.
Accuracy evaluation of UAS photogrammetry and structure from motion in 3D modeling and volumetric calculations

Abstract. Photogrammetric surveying using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and structure from motion (SfM) is a rapidly emerging technique that has been widely used as a valuable research tool in geodesy and related disciplines. We studied surveying and three-dimensional (3D) modeling based on UAS and SfM. In particular, we focus on the accuracy and quality of UAS-SfM in 3D modeling and volumetric calculation of a building with an overhanging feature. For this purpose, two aerial surveys were performed using a fixed-wing and a multirotor aircraft with nadir and oblique camera axes. For validating the results, field surveys were carried out using terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), differential global navigation satellite system, and total station. To study the performance of SfM software on the accuracy and quality of point clouds, UAS images were processed using three software packages: Agisoft PhotoScan, Pix4Dmapper, and 3Dsurvey. As a result of photogrammetric image processing, 3D dense point clouds, mesh models, and digital surface models were generated. For validating the UAS-SfM results, the models were compared with the TLS model and field measurements; absolute accuracy assessments and model versus model comparisons were performed. The most accurate and high-quality 3D models comparable to TLS models were obtained from oblique images. PhotoScan generated relatively more accurate 3D models with the horizontal and vertical accuracy of root mean square error 0.025 and 0.02 m, respectively. The maximum discrepancies in dimensions and volume measurements from the UAS-SfM-derived point cloud were at the level of 0.01 m and 0.66 m3 (0.03%). The results highlighted that using a low-cost UAS and SfM photogrammetry, high-accuracy and high-quality 3D models can be generated. The results confirm that with respect to its rapid data acquisition and centimeter-level accuracy, UAS-SfM can be considered as a suitable alternative approach to conventional measurement techniques, especially in engineering and emergency response.
Fabrication of microchannels on PMMA using a low power CO2 laser

This study presents a cheap and quick method for the formation of microchannels on poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). A continuous wave CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10.6 μm was used to inscribe periodic ripple structures on a PMMA substrate. A direct writing technique was employed for micromachining. As PMMA is very sensitive to such laser irradiations, a slightly low power CO2 laser was effective in inscribing such periodic structures. The results show that smooth and fine ripple structures can be fabricated by controlling the input laser parameters and interaction time of the laser beam. This direct laser writing technique is promising enough to prevent us from using complex optical arrangements. Laser power was tested starting from the ablation threshold and was gradually increased, together with the variation in scanning speed of the xy-translational stage, to observe the effects on the target surface in terms of depth and width of trenches. It was observed that the depth of the trenches increases on increasing the laser power, and the bulge formation on the outer sides of the trenches was also studied. It was evident that the formation of bulges across the trenches is dependent on the scanning speed and input laser power. The results depict that a focused laser beam with optimized parameters, such as controlling the scanning speed and laser power, results in fine, regular and tidy periodic structures.
Locality Restrictions on Exceptions to Vowel Harmony

This paper argues that while the domain of regular vowel harmony processes applies over the entire lexical item, exceptions to vowel harmony apply to a domain that is locally bound to the exceptional morpheme. This has important consequences for distinguishing between two competing theories of lexical exceptions in Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993/2004): lexically-indexed constraints (e.g., Pater, 2000) and lexically-indexed rankings (e.g., Anttila, 2002). Lexically-indexed constraints are subject to a locality requirement in their locus of violation, forcing exceptions in harmony to have a local domain of application. Lexically-indexed rankings cannot apply in a local fashion, and are unable to account for locality of exceptions in vowel harmony.
Research progress of miR-373 in gastrointestinal malignancies

microRNAs are a kind of higher eukaryotic genomic coding, usually non-coding small single-stranded RNA composed of 19-24 nucleotides, similar to siRNA molecules, which can be paired with the mRNA base of targeted genes, guide the MRNA to directly degrade or inhibit transcription translation, regulate the expression of targeted genes, and affect the expression of targeted proteins
Effects of high impact exercises on physical activity, bone mineral density,
body mass index and body fat percentage among osteopenic young females

Introduction. While osteopenia was once considered an older disease, it is now commonly seen in young individuals. The low bone density in the young population is alarming, leading to demands to improve physical activity. The study aims to de- termine the effectiveness of high impact exercise among young females with osteopenia. Methods. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the out-patient department of Jinnah Sindh medical university among forty-five females aged 18 to 30 years, with osteopenia. The participants were enrolled through convenience and a purposive sampling technique. A training program involving high impact exercise was given for 4 weeks following an initial screening using a dEXA scan. The outcome was measured with the pre- and post-intervention of an exercise program on bone mass density (BMd), body mass index (BMi) and body fat percentage (BFP). Results. At the end of the four weeks, BMi, BMd and BFP showed significant improvements ( p < 0.05). The BMd was improved from –1.95 to –1.89. it was found that BMd was significantly associated with age (0.04). Conclusions. our study confirmed that the bone health of young females needs special attention to avoid osteoporosis in the future. The high impact exercises did show significant improvements through training, but additional studies are required on a larger scale.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Tembelekan Leaf Extract (Lantana camara linn) against Edwardsiella tarda bacteria

The purpose of this study was to analyze the optimal dose of Tembelekan leaf extract (Lantana camara Linn) which has antibacterial properties in inhibiting or killing Edwardsiella tarda bacteria. The method used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results of the research yield obtained from tembelakan leaf extract amounted to 8.9%. The positive phytochemical test results contained active compounds, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins. GC MS analysis of tembelekan leaf extract showed that the most components were 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-,2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole, Benzisot hiadiazole , 3,4-Benzo-1,2,5-thia diazole. This compound is a class of isoflavonoids compounds. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test results obtained the lowest absorbance value at a concentration of 100 mg/L with a value of 0.602 close to the positive control. Results of discs with doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L. The disc results showed that the dose of 200 mg/L had the strongest inhibition zone with a value of 12.63 mm. Tembelekan leaf extract which contains dominant compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids can be useful as an antibacterial which inhibits the growth of E. tarda bacteria
The Influence Of Brand Image, Online Service Quality , And Of Use On Purchase Decisions On With Trust As A Mediation Variable

This research is to determine the effect of Brand Image, Online Service Quality, and Ease of Use on purchasing decisions with Trust as a mediating variable. The population in this study are consumers who have purchased products on the Shopee e-commerce application in South Tangerang. The sample used in this study were 225 respondents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. By using a quantitative descriptive approach. Data analysis used statistical analysis with SEM-PLS. The results of this study indicate that Brand Image has a positive and significant effect on Trust. Online Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Trust. Ease of Use has a significant positive effect on Trust. Brand Image has a negative and insignificant effect on Purchasing Decisions. Online Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions. Ease of Use has a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions. Trust has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.
Anxiety level among undergraduate medical students: A cross-sectional study using the Hamilton: A scale

Introduction: Medical education being a stressful course; high levels of anxiety and depression have been studied and documented among medical students all over the globe. Anxiety, being the precursor of depression, needs special attention and screening in Indian medical students. Objectives: To study the level of anxiety in medical students of different academic years. Methodology: A self-reporting questionnaire using ‘Google forms’ format was shared by WhatsApp and emails to undergraduate medical students of college. The questionnaire contained demographic details and Hamilton-A scale to assess the anxiety having maximum score of 56. Written consent was part of questionnaire and only consented forms were accepted. The responses were collected anonymously and analyzed using MS excel 2007 and EpiInfo 7.2 Results: Total 623 students participated in the study, of which 54.4% were male. 73%, students had minimal to mild anxiety, whereas 15% and 13% had mild to moderate and moderate to severe anxiety respectively. Severe anxiety in male students was higher (16.07%) as compared to female students (8.71). Final year medical students (24.11%) and Day Scholars (19.57%) showed highest severe anxiety. Conclusion: Anxiety is prevalent in medical students. Female and final year students reported higher levels on the anxiety score.
Autochthonous Versus Allochthonous Resources in a Tropical Rocky Shore Trophic Web Adjacent to a Marine Riparian Area

Marine riparian areas and coastal vegetation are essential and important to the coastal marine ecosystem, although their interactions and functions are still unknown and ignored in marine ecological studies and integrated management planning. In southeastern Brazil, allochthonous resources derived from riparian Atlantic rainforests bordering rocky shores have been observed in abundance together with the shallow subtidal rocky reef benthos. In this study, we used stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) to characterize the main components in a benthic trophic web on a shallow tropical rocky shore, to identify the proportional contributions of allochthonous (marine riparian vegetation—MRV) to autochthonous (phytoplankton and algae) inputs and to test which basal food resources contributed most to the marine community on the Atlantic Forest–rocky coast interface. We found eight major food resources and seventeen consumers that we classified into different groups according to their feeding habits and biology. Although the main source of basal resources in the benthic trophic web in the present study remained autochthonous, the allochthonous resources were assimilated by all consumers. MRV is thus an important resource for some primary consumers and it should be included as a potential source of basal resources in marine ecosystems adjacent to marine riparian areas.
Geometry of Noncommutative k-Algebras

Let X be a scheme over an algebraically closed field k, and let x ∈ SpecR ⊆ X be a closed point corresponding to the maximal ideal m ⊆ R. Then OˆX,x is isomorphic to the prorepresenting hull, or local formal moduli, of the deformation functor DefR/m :  → Sets. This suffices to reconstruct X up to etal´e coverings. For a noncommutative k-algebra A the simple modules are not necessarily of dimension one, and there is a geometry between them. We replace the points in the commutative situation with finite families of points in the noncommutative situation, and replace the geometry of points with the geometry of sets of points given by noncommutative deformation theory. We apply the theory to the noncommutative moduli of three-dimensional endomorphisms.
TAMARINDUS INDICA IMPROVED GROWTH RETARDATION ASSOCIATED WITH PRENATAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RAT NEONATES

Background: Complications associated with alcoholism such as enduring growth retardation, especially during pregnancy, are serious health issues calling for lots of attention. Objectives: The study evaluated the effect of Tamarindus indica during prenatal ethanol (ET) exposure on pregnancy outcome and morphometric features of Wistar rat pups. Methodology: Twenty-four (24) pregnant timed Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n=4); Group A received 2 ml (distilled water), Groups B and C were administered 200 mg/kg ethanol extract of Tamarindus indica pulp (EETI), and 300 mg/kg of Vitamin E respectively, Group D received 30%v/v (2 mg/kg) of ET, Group E received 30%v/v (2 mg/kg) of ET + 200 mg/kg EETI, while Group F was administered 30%v/v (2 mg/kg) of ET + 300 mg/kg of Vitamin E. All administrations were via the oral route and lasted for 7 days from prenatal day 7 to 14. On postnatal day (PoND) zero, physical observations were made and the total number of littered pups was counted. Morphometric studies involved the measurements of the crown-rump length (CRL), fore-limb length (FL), hind-limb length (HL), tail length (TL), and body weight (BW) of pups were made using digital vernier caliper and analytical balance. Result: Prenatal ET exposure interfered with the pregnancy outcome, CRL, FL, HL, TL, and BW measurement; while treatment with EETI and vitamin E was associated with marked improvement. Conclusion: The administration of EETI during prenatal ethanol exposure was associated with significant improvements CRL, FL, HL, TL, and BW pups. Therefore, more attention should be given to the important medicinal plant that could possibly reduce pregnancy complications associated with prenatal ethanol exposure.
Impact of Ethical Leadership Practices on Teachers’ Psychological Safety and Performance: A Case of Primary School Heads in Karachi - Pakistan

This study investigated the level of effective ethical leadership practices of primary school heads from the perspective of teachers serving in Karachi schools. It also compared the effective ethical leadership practiced by primary school head from the perspective of teachers serving in Karachi schools in terms of their various demographics including gender, academic qualification, professional qualification, and locality of their schools. Using a quantitative exploratory method, it targeted the primary schools in each district of Karachi to approach the teachers currently serving in the respective primary schools. The findings of the study revealed that teachers perceive the effective ethical leadership practiced by primary school heads. However, this perception of teachers changed frequently based on their different demographic characteristics that led the study to infer a potential biasness displayed by the primary school heads while practicing their leadership. The study recommends awareness sessions and training programs for primary school heads to avoid their potential biasness.
Random high-dimensional orders

The random k-dimensional partial order P k (n) on n points is defined by taking n points uniformly at random from [0,1] k . Previous work has concentrated on the case where k is constant: we consider the model where k increases with n. We pay particular attention to the height H k (n) of P k (n). We show that k = (t/log t! ) log n is a sharp threshold function for the existence of a t-chain in P k (n): if k – (t/log t! ) log n tends to + ∞ then the probability that P k (n) contains a t-chain tends to 0; whereas if the quantity tends to − ∞ then the probability tends to 1. We describe the behaviour of H k (n) for the entire range of k(n). We also consider the maximum degree of P k (n). We show that, for each fixed d ≧ 2, is a threshold function for the appearance of an element of degree d. Thus the maximum degree undergoes very rapid growth near this value of k. We make some remarks on the existence of threshold functions in general, and give some bounds on the dimension of P k (n) for large k(n).