Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organoid extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for bone therapy

ABSTRACT With the rapid development of population ageing, bone-related diseases seriously affecting the life of the elderly. Over the past few years, organoids, cell clusters with specific functions and structures that are self-induced from stem cells after three-dimensional culture in vitro, have been widely used for bone therapy. Moreover, organoid extracellular vesicles (OEVs) have emerging as promising cell-free nanocarriers due to their vigoroso physiological effects, significant biological functions, stable loading capacity, and great biocompatibility. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive overview of biogenesis, internalisation, isolation, and characterisation of OEVs. We then comprehensively highlight the differences between OEVs and traditional EVs. Subsequently, we present the applications of natural OEVs in disease treatment. We also summarise the engineering modifications of OEVs, including engineering parental cells and engineering OEVs after isolation. Moreover, we provide an outlook on the potential of natural and engineered OEVs in bone-related diseases. Finally, we critically discuss the advantages and challenges of OEVs in the treatment of bone diseases. We believe that a comprehensive discussion of OEVs will provide more innovative and efficient solutions for complex bone diseases.
Disease Profile and Achievement of Therapeutic Goals in a Modern, Nationwide Cohort of 923 Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogenous chronic inflammatory disease affecting skin, joints, entheses, and spine with various extra-musculoskeletal manifestations and comorbidities. The reported patient, disease and treatment characteristics in the modern therapeutic era are limited. Methods: In this cross-sectional, multi-centre, nationwide study, we recorded the demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics as well as the comorbidities of patients with PsA seen for 1 year (1/1/2022-31/12/2022). Results: 923 patients (55% females) with a median (IQR) age of 57 (48-65) years and a mean disease duration of 9.5 years were enrolled. Family history of psoriasis and PsA was noted in 28.3% and 6.3%, respectively. Most patients had limited psoriasis (BSA<3: 83%) while enthesitis, dactylitis, nail and axial involvement reported in 48.3%, 33.2%, 43% and 25.9% of patients, respectively. Regarding comorbidities, approximately half of patients had dyslipidaemia (42%) or hypertension (45.4%), 36.8% were obese and 17% had diabetes while 22.7% had a depressive disorder. Overall, 60.1% received biologics and among them more patients treated with anti-IL-17 or -12/23 agents were on monotherapy (64.2%) compared to those on TNFi monotherapy (49.4%, p=0.0001). The median PsA activity as assessed by the DAPSA score was 6 (IQR: 2.3 – 13.1) with 46% of patients reaching minimal disease activity status (MDA). Conclusion: In this large, real life, modern cohort of patients with PsA with frequent comorbidities who were treated mainly with biologics, almost half achieved minimal disease activity. These results show the value of existing therapeutic approaches while at the same time highlight the existing unmet needs.
Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Complications Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement: An Emphasis on Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Stroke, and Pump Thrombosis

The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a mechanical circulatory support device that supports the heart failure patient as a bridge to transplant (BTT) or as a destination therapy for those who have other medical comorbidities or complications that disqualify them from meeting transplant criteria. In patients with severe heart failure, LVAD use has extended survival and improved signs and symptoms of cardiac congestion and low cardiac output, such as dyspnea, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. However, these devices are associated with specific hematologic and thrombotic complications. In this manuscript, we review the common hematologic complications of LVADs.
Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision versus transanal total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) and transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) are popular mid and low rectal cancer trends. However, there is currently no systematic comparison between LaTME and TaTME of mid and low rectal cancer. Therefore, we systematically study the perioperative and pathological outcomes of LaTME and TaTME in mid and low rectal cancer. Methods: Articles included searching through the Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, and Web of science for articles on LaTME and TaTME. We calculated pooled standard mean difference (SMD), relative risk (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The protocol for this review has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022380067). Results: There are 8761 participants included in 33 articles. Compared with TaTME, patients who underwent LaTME had no statistical difference in operation time (OP), estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative hospital stay, over complications, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, anastomotic stenosis, wound infection, circumferential resection margin, distal resection margin, major low anterior resection syndrom, lymph node yield, loop ileostomy, and diverting ileostomy. There are similarities between LaTME and TaTME for 2-year DFS rate, 2-year OS rate, distant metastasis rat, and local recurrence rate. However, patients who underwent LaTME had less anastomotic leak rates (RR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70–0.97; I2 = 10.6%, P = .019) but TaTME had less end colostomy (RR 1.96; 95% CI: 1.19–3.23; I2 = 0%, P = .008). Conclusion: This study comprehensively and systematically evaluated the differences in safety and effectiveness between LaTME and TaTME in the treatment of mid and low rectal cancer through meta-analysis. Patients who underwent LaTME had less anastomotic leak rate but TaTME had less end colostomy. There is no difference in other aspects. Of course, in the future, more scientific and rigorous conclusions need to be drawn from multi-center RCT research.
Uplift Capacity of Buried Offshore Pipelines

The increase in the number of small diameter, in-field subsea pipelines transporting-high pressure and high-temperature hydrocarbons significantly raised the importance of geotechnical engineering in the pipeline system design process. When a pipeline is buried and operated at higher than ambient temperature, it will try to expand. If it is axially restrained, a compressive axial force is produced, leading to potential upheaval buckling. The resulting pipeline response to such upheaval buckling might be unacceptable in terms of vertical movement or excessive yielding of the material. The risk of upheaval buckling must be mitigated by appropriate design of the pipeline backfill material. The prediction of trenching and burial performance, and the resulting physical and geotechnical properties of the pipeline, trench, and backfill have become critical. Scale-model tests of a buried pipeline were carried out to investigate particular issues related to burial in very loose silty sand. The main results of this testing program have shown that the uplift behavior of buried offshore pipelines is governed by a combination of at least two mechanisms: wedge failure and soil flow-around. The dominance of one mechanism over the other depends on basic parameters such as the depth-to-diameter ratio and soil relative density. The wedge-failure mechanism alone, which forms the basis of existing models does not capture the potential for soil to flow around the pipe, which may provide an added component to uplift resistance or initiate a separate mechanism under certain conditions, and therefore the choice of uplift factor must rely on empirical factors. A new uplift model is presented that accounts for both failure mechanisms and is dependent on typical soil parameters such as the angle of internal friction and the Rankine coefficient of passive earth resistance and can be shown to better replicate test results.
Machine-Learned Potentials by Active Learning from Organic Crystal Structure Prediction Landscapes

A primary challenge in organic molecular crystal structure prediction (CSP) is accurately ranking the energies of potential structures. While high-level solid-state density functional theory (DFT) methods allow for mostly reliable discrimination of the low-energy structures, their high computational cost is problematic because of the need to evaluate tens to hundreds of thousands of trial crystal structures to fully explore typical crystal energy landscapes. Consequently, lower-cost but less accurate empirical force fields are often used, sometimes as the first stage of a hierarchical scheme involving multiple stages of increasingly accurate energy calculations. Machine-learned interatomic potentials (MLIPs), trained to reproduce the results of ab initio methods with computational costs close to those of force fields, can improve the efficiency of the CSP by reducing or eliminating the need for costly DFT calculations. Here, we investigate active learning methods for training MLIPs with CSP datasets. The combination of active learning with the well-developed sampling methods from CSP yields potentials in a highly automated workflow that are relevant over a wide range of the crystal packing space. To demonstrate these potentials, we illustrate efficiently reranking large, diverse crystal structure landscapes to near-DFT accuracy from force field-based CSP, improving the reliability of the final energy ranking. Furthermore, we demonstrate how these potentials can be extended to more accurately model structures far from lattice energy minima through additional on-the-fly training within Monte Carlo simulations.
International Volunteers and the Development of Host Organisations in Africa: Lessons from Tanzania and Mozambique

2 Introduction 3 1 Scope of international voluntary service in southern Africa 3 2 Researching international voluntary service in the South 5 3 Conceptual issues in researching the contribution of IVS 6 4 Overview of participating organisations 9 5 Expectations and discourses – what shapes the international volunteer-host relationship? 10 6 IVS’ potential to contribute to development objectives 12 IVS and sustainable development 14 Potential of IVS to contribute to individual development 15 Barriers to harnessing the potential of IVS to contribute to development 16 7 The potential of IVS to build social capital 17 Barriers constraining the IVS potential for building social capital 19 8 Recommendations 20 9 Conclusion 21 International Volunteers and the Development of Host Organisations in Africa: Lessons from Tanzania and Mozambique
ETHOD FOR C ONTINUOUS C ONTROL

Trust region methods, such as TRPO, are often used to stabilize policy optimization algorithms in reinforcement learning (RL). While current trust region strategies are effective for continuous control, they typically require a large amount of on-policy interaction with the environment. To address this problem, we propose an off-policy trust region method, Trust-PCL, which exploits an observation that the optimal policy and state values of a maximum reward objective with a relative-entropy regularizer satisfy a set of multi-step pathwise consistencies along any path. The introduction of relative entropy regularization allows Trust-PCL to maintain optimization stability while exploiting off-policy data to improve sample efficiency. When evaluated on a number of continuous control tasks, Trust-PCL significantly improves the solution quality and sample efficiency of TRPO.1
Impact of various artificial diets on the survival rate and food intake of Honeybees Apis mellifera ( Hymenoptera, Apidae).

The viability of the ecology and the beekeeping sector depend on a healthy honeybee population. Particularly, at a time when there is a shortage of pollen in the environment, the quality of the artificial diet has an impact on the colony's growth and strength. This study illustrates that when pollen availability and variety are insufficient, supplemental meals or artificial diets may be used to improve the health and colony development of the bee. The experiment was designed to show the effectiveness of five protein-rich diets on honeybees. The Apis mellifera species was chosen as the subject, and the diets offered were sugar syrup, honey, jaggery, brewer’s yeast, and jaggery + black gram weighing 16 ml each offered in 2:1 diet to water ratios (w/v) consisting of 11gm solid and 5 ml liquid. The findings concluded that Diet 1 , (containing sugar syrup) was more widely consumed by honeybees than the other diets offered over the course of a seven-day experiment. The data was then projected for statistical analysis and the test significance level was P<0.001.
Assessing the role of transpiration in ameliorating leaf temperatures in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to changing environmental conditions

i List of Figures . ix List of Tables . xiv Abbreviations and symbols . xvii Acknowledgements . xviii Statement of candidate contribution . xx 1. General introduction . 2 2. Literature review . 8 2.
APPROACHES TO TAX EVASION: A BIBLIOMETRIC AND MAPPING ANALYSIS OF WEB OF SCIENCE INDEXED STUDIES

The primary objective of this study is to uncover and examine the patterns of scientific collaboration within the domain of tax evasion and tax avoidance spanning the years 1975 to 2022. To analyze the dissemination of knowledge on a worldwide scale, we investigated the interconnections among authors, journals, countries, and institutions. A total of 1456 publications were retrieved from the Web of Science repository. Bibliographic analysis and network visualization were conducted using CiteSpace. The publications analysed in this study consisted of 1,456 articles authored by 2478 scholars affiliated with 1355 institutions. The publications were distributed among 724 distinct journals and originated from 98 countries. The United States of America is found to be the most productive nation, with McGee, R.W. being recognised as the most prolific author. The League of European Research Universities is recognised as the most productive institution, whereas the Journal of Public Economics is identified as the most productive publication. The findings show that authors who exhibit high levels of productivity also tend to demonstrate a strong inclination toward collaboration. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the interest of the scholars in particular topics in this research has evolved over time.
CAMBRIDGE WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS Non-College Occupations, Workplace Routinization, and the Gender Gap in College Enrollment

Women used to lag behind men in college enrollment but now exceed them. We argue that changes in non-college job prospects contributed to these trends. We first document that routine-biased technical change disproportionately displaced non-college occupations held by women. We next employ a shift-share instrument for the impact of routinization to show that declining non-college job prospects for women increased female enrollment. Results show that a one percentage point decline in the share of routine task intensive jobs leads to a 0.6 percentage point rise in female college enrollment, while the effect for male enrollment is directionally smaller and insignificant. We next embed this instrumental variation into a dynamic model that links education and occupation choices. The model finds that routinization decreased returns to non-college occupations for women, leading them to shift to cognitive work and increasing their college premium. In contrast, non-college occupations for men were less susceptible to routinization. Altogether, our model estimates that workplace routinization accounted for 63% of the growth in female enrollment and 23% of the change in male enrollment between 1980 to 2000. Reference Details CWPE 2177 Published 8 November 2021
The Impacts of Grammar Translation Method Versus Presentation The Impacts of Grammar Translation Method Versus Presentation Practice Production on Saudi Students Writing and Speaking Practice Production on Saudi Students Writing and Speaking Abilities Abilities

: Presentation Practice Production method (PPP) seems as a potential new method for improving the writing and speaking performance of English as a Foreign Language university students. The goal of this research was to examine the impact of using presentation practice production versus the grammar-translation method on writing and speaking performance among Saudi EFL students. Eighty-eight students aged twenty and twenty-one years old participated in this study with an equal number of male and female students selected from the Faculty of Education, University of Tabuk in Saudi Arabia. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. This research used a quantitative research design. Data was collected using a writing and speaking achievement test to assess the students’ writing and speaking performance. The result showed that there was a significant effect of using the PPP method on the students’ proficiency in writing compared to the GT method at P < 0.001. The findings indicated that students who use the PPP method scored higher than the group who use the GT method. The study concluded that PPP could be suitable for third-year students to help them increase their performance in speaking compared to Grammar-Translation (GT). Also, Training students on Presentation Practice Production (PPP) enhances students' practice and the exchange of ideas in the classroom.
Sources and composition of PM2.5 in the Colorado Front Range during the DISCOVER‐AQ study

Measurements of particulate matter (PM2.5) chemical composition were carried out in Golden, CO, during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER‐AQ) field study. Chemical composition was dominated by organic compounds, which comprised an average of 75% of the PM2.5 mass throughout the study. Most of the organic matter was secondary (i.e., secondary organic aerosol) and appears to derive predominantly from regional sources, rather than the Denver metropolitan area. The concentration and composition of PM2.5 in Golden were strongly influenced by highly regular wind patterns and the site's close proximity to the mountains (~5 km). This second factor may be the cause of distinct differences between observations in Golden and those in downtown Denver, despite a distance between the sites of only ~15 km. Concentrations of aerosol nitrate, ammonium, and elemental carbon increased significantly during the daytime when the winds were from the northeast, indicating a strong local source for these compounds. Local sources of dust appeared to minimally impact the Golden site, although this was not likely representative of other conditions in the Colorado Front Range. Conversely, dust that had undergone long‐range transport from the southwestern U.S. likely impacted the entire Colorado Front Range, including Golden. During this event, water‐soluble Ca2+ concentrations exceeded 1 µg m−3, and the PM2.5/PM10 ratio reached its lowest level throughout the study. The long‐range transport of wildfire emissions also impacted the Colorado Front Range for 1–2 days during DISCOVER‐AQ. The smoke event was characterized by high concentrations of organics and water‐soluble K+. The results show a complex array of sources, and atmospheric processes influence summertime PM in the Colorado Front Range.
Beyond Understanding English Instruction: Shaping and Balancing Beyond Understanding English Instruction: Shaping and Balancing the Professional Identity of EFL Teachers in Saudi Arabia the Professional Identity of EFL Teachers in Saudi Arabia

: In spite of the significant presence of foreign EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia, there is limited knowledge about how they shape and define their professional identities. This qualitative research delves into this subject using identity theory as a conceptual framework. The primary research inquiry driving this investigation is: How do EFL teachers from Asian Pacific countries, working in Saudi Arabia, delineate, construct, and navigate their professional identities? The findings reveal that the professional identities of expatriate EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia are influenced by institutional norms, regulations, their experiences, qualifications, beliefs, values, and commitment. Moreover, these teachers must engage in various practices, acquire context-specific knowledge, and negotiate competence and expertise that extend beyond English teaching to be accepted as legitimate participants in the Saudi and EFL teaching communities. The study also highlights the development of culturally responsive teaching identities to accommodate the Islamic cultural and religious beliefs of their students. Notably, issues like professional development, native vs. non-native speaker status, and adherence to "standard English" do not appear to significantly impact the formation of EFL teachers' professional identities in Saudi Arabia. The research concludes by discussing its implications and offering suggestions for future studies.
Brain Oxygen Utilization Measured with 0-15 Radiotracers and Positron Emission Tomography

We havedeveloped,implemented,andvalidateda methodforthe measurement of the local cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) with positron emission to mography (PET). We use data from a single inhalation of 0-15-labeled CO for cc rebral blood volume (CBV), an intravenousinjectionof [O-15]H20 for cerebral blood flow (CBF), and a single Inhalation of [0-15102 for the final calculation of CMRO2 and the extraction of oxygen (E). The mathematical model used to analyze the data consistsof two compartmentsand accountsfor productionandegressof water of metabolisminthe tissue,recirculatingwater of metabolism,andthe arte rial, venous,andcapillarycontentsof[0-15102 inthe brain.We validatedourtech nlqueIn baboonsby comparingthe PET-measuredE with E measuredusingan in tracarotid Injectionof [0-15102. The correlationbetween these two techniques wasexcellent.Mathematicalsimulationswere doneto examinethe effectoferrors In CBV,CBF, andrecirculatingwater of metabolismonthe measurementof E and CMRO2. The technique was implemented on five normal human subjects in whom the globalCMRO2was 2.93 Â±0.37 (s.d.) ml/minâ€¢100g.
Reviews in Physics

We comprehensively review the deceptively simple concept of dipole scattering in order to uncover and resolve all ambiguities and controversies existing in the literature. First, we consider a point electric dipole in a non-magnetic environment as a singular point in space whose sole ability is to be polarized due to the external electric field. We show that the postulation of the Green’s dyadic of the specific form provides the unified description of the contribution of the dipole into the electromagnetic properties of the whole space. This is the most complete, concise, and unambiguous definition of a point dipole and its polarizability. All optical properties, including the fluctuation–dissipation theorem for a fluctuating dipole, are derived from this definition. Second, we obtain the same results for a small homogeneous sphere by taking a small-size limit of the Lorenz–Mie theory. Third, and most interestingly, we generalize this microscopic description to small particles of arbitrary shape. Both bare (static) and dressed (dynamic) polarizabilities are defined as the double integrals of the corresponding dyadic transition operator over the particle’s volume. While many derivations and some results are novel, all of them follow from or are connected with the existing literature, which we review throughout the paper.