Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MuFBDTester: A mutation‐based test sequence generator for FBD programs implementing nuclear power plant software

Function block diagram (FBD) is a standard programming language for programmable logic controllers (PLCs). PLCs have been widely used to develop safety‐critical systems such as nuclear reactor protection systems. It is crucial to test FBD programs for such systems effectively. This paper presents an automated test sequence generation approach using mutation testing techniques for FBD programs and the developed tool, MuFBDTester. Given an FBD program, MuFBDTester analyses the program and generates mutated programs based on mutation operators. MuFBDTester translates the given program and mutants into the input language of a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver to derive a set of test sequences. The primary objective is to find the test data that can distinguish between the results of the given program and mutants. We conducted experiments with several examples including real industrial cases to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. With the control of test size, the results indicated that the mutation‐based test suites were statistically more effective at revealing artificial faults than structural coverage‐based test suites. Furthermore, the mutation‐based test suites detected more reproduced faults, found in industrial programs, than structural coverage‐based test suites. Compared to structural coverage‐based test generation time, the time required by MuFBDTester to generate one test sequence from industrial programs is approximately 1.3 times longer; however, it is considered to be worth paying the price for high effectiveness. Using MuFBDTester, the manual effort of creating test suites was significantly reduced from days to minutes due to automated test generation. MuFBDTester can provide highly effective test suites for FBD engineers.
Antecedents and consequences of Starbucks’ environmental, social and governance (ESG) implementation

ABSTRACT This study explores the antecedents and consequences of environmental, social and governance (ESG) execution in the case of Starbucks. Eco-friendliness, quarantining, food healthiness, and ethical governance are the elements of ESG implementation. The antecedents are hygiene, food healthiness, and the use of organic ingredients. The ESG execution attributes explained in this study are brand trust and repurchase intentions. Survey participants were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk to collect US market data. The resulting number of observations for the data analysis was 438. Structural equation modeling was used for statistical inference. The results indicate that food healthiness is positively influenced by hygiene and perceptions of organic food use. Brand trust is positively affected by eco-friendliness, quarantining, food healthiness, and ethical governance. Moreover, quarantining and brand trust positively impact repurchase intentions. This study contributes to the literature by validating the reliability of ESG theory in the food service business domain.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Probiotic Property, Hypoglycemic Ability and Antioxidant Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Taking lactic acid bacteria is an important strategy to alleviate or prevent diabetes, but the candidate strains with good genetic stability and excellent functions still need to be supplemented. In this study, the hypoglycemic ability (α-amylase, α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase 4), probiotic property and antioxidant activity of lactic acid bacteria were comprehensively evaluated by a principal component analysis (PCA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) had a higher survival rate (82.78%) in gastric juice and good tolerance to bile salt, and can be colonized in HT-29 cells. L. paracasei had a remarkable inhibitive activity of α-amylase (82.21%), α-glucosidase (84.29%) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (42.51%). L. paracasei had better scavenging activity of free radicals, total antioxidant activity (FRAP) and superoxide dismutase activity. According to the scores of the PCA, L. paracasei had the best hypoglycemic ability, and Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) had the highest probiotic property. According to AHP, L. paracasei was the best potential hypoglycemic probiotic; furthermore, L. lactis showed the highest comprehensive performance except Lactobacillus. All lactic acid bacteria in this test had good safety. L. paracasei is expected to become a new potential hypoglycemic strain.
Examining the Effects of Monetary and Non-Monetary Factors on Generation Z’s Job Selection Preferences in the Hospitality Industry

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic's onset, the tourism and hotel industries were growing at an exponential rate. Following COVID-19, it is projected that the hospitality industry would soon recover and thrive once the epidemic is contained. While there is a rising trend indicating the hospitality industry's continued growth, the hotel industry itself faces significant obstacles. One of the primary issues is a high incidence of employee turnover. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the factors influencing Generation Z, specifically final-year university students majoring in hospitality and hotel management, when it comes to selecting their first employment following graduation. Following a review of the literature, a number of significant variables were identified and conceptualized under monetary (i.e., salary and benefits) and non-monetary (i.e., working environment, career development, and employer reputation) factors in order to investigate their effect on job selection preference. A total of 239 rows of data were collected. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences and WarpPLS for Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling were used to examine the data. Salary, benefits, and employer reputation each have a significant positive effect on students' job selection preferences. Surprisingly, neither work environment nor career development were found to have a significant effect on job preference. The study's findings are likely to provide more insightful data to corporate recruiters, allowing them to obtain a better understanding of employees' worries while choosing a position in the hotel business.
Novel modulator structure permitting synchronous band filling of multiple quantum wells and extremely large phase shifts

The authors have demonstrated synchronous band filling of multiple quantum wells using a novel blockaded reservoir and quantum-well electron transfer structure (BRAQWETS). The resulting electroabsorptive response per quantum well is not only stronger than that produced by the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) but is also free of induced absorption below the bandgap. The measured electrorefractive response shows that the maximum phase shift that can be achieved in one absorption length is one order of magnitude larger than what is possible with QCSE. Furthermore, the dependence of induced refractive index change on the applied voltage is essentially linear. Design criteria for very-high-performance modulators with picosecond intrinsic speed are also discussed. It is concluded that BRAQWETS provides a novel basis for high-performance electroabsorption modulators as well as low-loss phase modulators and interferometric amplitude modulators and switches. With suitable engineering, it will also be possible to construct multi-quantum-well lasers and detectors using BRAQWETS. <<ETX>>
ADV at the Time of COVID-19 Brain Effect between Emotional Engagement and Purchase Intention

In pandemic times, taking advantage of COVID-19-elicited emotions in commercials has been a popular tactic employed by corporations to build successful consumer engagement and, hopefully, increase sales. The present study investigates whether COVID-19-related emotional communication affects the consumer’s emotional response and the approach/avoidance motivation toward the brand—measured as a function of brain hemodynamic changes—as well as the purchase intentions. The functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was employed to record neural correlates from the prefrontal cortex while the experimental and control groups were observing respectively COVID-19-related and unrelated advertisements (ads). The hemodynamic patterns suggest that COVID-19-related ads may promote deeper emotional elaboration, shifting consumers’ attention from the semantic meaning to the affective features and perhaps supporting a more favorable brand evaluation. Conversely, purchase intentions were only related to the pre-existing level of brand engagement. The findings suggest that leveraging the negative emotional potential of COVID-19 may not shift the explicit purchase intentions but could nonetheless boost emotional engagement, benefitting the final evaluation of the brand at an implicit level.
Differentiating between experience and expertise in mentoring student teachers

Mentoring is intended to guide student teachers towards pedagogical decision-making within the complexity of the classroom. In this article we focus on the mathematics mentoring practices of 1 primary school teacher at a university-affiliated teaching school in Johannesburg. The teacher had many years of experience and had undergone some development as a mentor over a period of 5 years. With the research reported on here, we aimed at gaining insight into how the teacher conceptualised her mentoring encounters with student teachers and how this aligned with her mentoring practices and processes. Using a qualitative case study design and multiple methods of data collection, the findings point to the mentor teacher making substantial progress towards functioning as an expert teacher. However, the data confirmed a fluctuation in enactment of mentoring between experienced and expert teacher, in both generalised and subject-specific contexts. The implications of the findings are relevant for the thousands of school teachers who mentor student teachers and novice teachers, particularly in primary schools where teachers are often generalists and not subject specialists. The findings could also inform guidelines and policy briefs for training by higher education institutions, the Department of Basic Education (DBE) and the South African Council of Educators in order to support the development of expert mentor teachers.
Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study

Paradoxes are a special form of reasoning leading to absurd inferences in contrast to logical reasoning that is used to reach valid conclusions. A functional MRI (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate the neural substrates of paradoxical and deductive reasoning. Twenty-four healthy participants were scanned using fMRI, while they engaged in reasoning tasks based on arguments, which were either Zeno’s like paradoxes (paradoxical reasoning) or Aristotelian arguments (deductive reasoning). Clusters of significant activation for paradoxical reasoning were located in bilateral inferior frontal and middle temporal gyrus. Clusters of significant activation for deductive reasoning were located in bilateral superior and inferior parietal lobe, precuneus, and inferior frontal gyrus. These results confirmed that different brain activation patterns are engaged for paradoxical vs. deductive reasoning providing a basis for future studies on human physiological as well as pathological reasoning.
Calculation of the inductance and AC resistance of planar rectangular coils

An effective calculation method for AC resistance and the inductance of planar rectangular spiral coils is proposed. For the calculation, a volume filament model and its equivalent circuit are provided. By using the method, AC resistance and inductance are calculated accurately in megahertz frequency range by including both skin and proximity effects. The method is verified with experiments and used to optimise rectangular spiral coils for the maximum quality factor (Q-factor) at 6.78 MHz. A small planar rectangular coil is shown to have the maximum Q-factor when the width of the innermost coil loop is about a half of that of the outermost coil loop.
The Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed a Metabolic Regulatory System of Cecum in Rabbit with Diarrhea

Simple Summary In July 2020, China completely banned the addition of antibiotics to feed, which had a huge impact on animal husbandry, such as the increased incidence of some intestinal diseases. In this study, the pathogenesis of diarrhea in rabbits fed with antibiotic-free diet was studied by multi-omics analysis. The study found that the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the cecum of diarrhea-afflicted rabbits changed significantly. Most of the differential expression genes identified were related to cecum inflammation and immune response, and a total of 652 differential metabolites were identified, mainly involved in inflammation-related metabolic pathways such as bile secretion, folic acid resistance, and tryptophan metabolism. In addition, Fournierella was positively correlated with myricetin and ursolic acid; thus, it might further cause bile secretion and tryptophan metabolism disorders, aggravate intestinal inflammation, change intestinal permeability, reduce host immunity, and lead to diarrhea in rabbits. Abstract With the comprehensive prohibition of antibiotics in the feed industry in China, the incidence of diarrhea in rabbits increased, such as loss of appetite, vomiting, and excretion of atheromatous feces. In order to explore the pathological and the molecular mechanisms of the diarrhea in the rabbitry fed with antibiotic-free diet, we used microbial metagenomics, transcriptome, and non-targeted metabolomics sequencing. The results showed that the Firmicutes level was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the Proteobacteria level was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The functional enrichment of cecum revealed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were expressed in immune, inflammatory, and metabolic processes. The enrichment of the cecal fecal metabolites focused on the bile secretion, antifolate resistance, and tryptophan metabolism pathways, which are mainly associated with inflammation. The results of correlation analysis showed that Fournierella was positively correlated with myricetin, ursolic acid, and furtherly might cause bile secretion and tryptophan metabolism disorder, aggravate intestinal inflammation, change intestinal permeability, and reduce host immunity, leading to diarrhea in rabbits. This study provides a theoretical basis for illustrating the reason for diarrhea and developing new feeds for the health of rabbits.
Effects of Kinesio Taping on Muscle Force of Quadriceps Femoris and Hamstring Tendon in Un-Dominant Side in Normal Adults

Abstract Objective To observe the effects of kinesio taping on muscle force of quadriceps and hamstring in un-dominant side. Methods The subjects are consisted of 25 normal adults ranging from 20 to 25. The experiment was carried out by Biodex S4 in the angular velocity of 60°/s. 24 hours of ongoing taping later, the experiment was taken again by multijoint isokinetic test and training system before applying the tape, taping immediately and 24h-taping. The indexes are peak torque (PT), relative torque (PT/BW), total work (TW) and the radio of the muscle force between hamstring tendon and quadriceps femoris (R). Results Compared with un-taping(T1), in taping immediately(T2), it is significantly increased at PT, PT/BW and TW in quadriceps femoris (P<0.05); it is increased at PT, but there’s no difference (P>0.05), and it is significantly increased at PT/BW(P<0.01) and TW (P<0.05) in hamstringtendon; it is very significantly increased at R in taping immediately(T2) (P<0.01). After 24 h’s taping(T3), compared with un-taping(T1), it is very significantly increased at PT, PT/BW both in quadriceps femoris and hamstring tendon (P<0.01), while it is very significantly increased in quadriceps femoris (P<0.01) and significantly in hamstring tendon (P<0.05) at TW; it is significantly increased at R(P<0.05). Compared with taping immediately(T2), it is increased at PT, PT/BW in quadriceps femoris, but there is no difference (P>0.05), while it is significantly increased at TW (P<0.05) ; it is significantly increased at PT and TW (P<0.05), but it is no difference at PT/BW (P>0.05) in hamstring tendon; it is no difference at R (P>0.05). Conclusion The technology of Y-style kinesio taping can improve the muscle force of quadriceps and hamstring in the un-dominant side in normal adults, while the effect of consisting taping is significant.
UNIVERSAL CODING AND PREDICTION ON ERGODIC RANDOM POINTS

Abstract Suppose that we have a method which estimates the conditional probabilities of some unknown stochastic source and we use it to guess which of the outcomes will happen. We want to make a correct guess as often as it is possible. What estimators are good for this? In this work, we consider estimators given by a familiar notion of universal coding for stationary ergodic measures, while working in the framework of algorithmic randomness, i.e., we are particularly interested in prediction of Martin-Löf random points. We outline the general theory and exhibit some counterexamples. Completing a result of Ryabko from 2009 we also show that universal probability measure in the sense of universal coding induces a universal predictor in the prequential sense. Surprisingly, this implication holds true provided the universal measure does not ascribe too low conditional probabilities to individual symbols. As an example, we show that the Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM) measure satisfies this requirement with a large reserve.
Technology for forming students' ability to manage independent educational activities

The modernization of the education system, taking place in Kazakhstan today, is connected with the renewal of its goals. The State program for the development of education of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2020-2025, as one of the conditions for improving the quality of secondary (full) general education, identifies the experience of independent activity of pupils, the formation of the pupil’s competences in various aspects of life and in an independent educational activity. The research aimed to develop the model of technology for forming students’ readiness to manage their independent educational activity of students and to ensure its implementation by the author’s methodology. The starting point of the research was the analysis of the effectiveness of the existing teacher training in the management of the independent educational activities of students at the pedagogical university.The analysis was carried out on the base of the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University and International University “Silkway”. It was revealed that the training of future teachers in the management of the independent educational activities of pupils at the pedagogical university did not meet the new social requirements of the developing system of general education. Keywords: Educational activities; Future teacher; model, technology.
The Role of Model Personalization for Sleep Stage and Sleep Quality Recognition Using Wearables

Personal informatics systems can help people promote their health and well-being. Recent studies have shown that such systems can be used to infer relevant health indicators such as, e.g., stress, anxiety, and sleeping habits. While automatic detection of sleep has been studied extensively, there is a lack of studies exploring how population and personalized models influence the performance of sleep detection. In this article, we address this challenge by investigating the recognition of sleep/wake stages and high/low sleep quality with a focus on the impact of personalized models. To evaluate our approach, we collect a dataset of physiological signals and self-reports about sleep/wake times and sleep quality score. The dataset contains 6557 hours of sensor data collected using wristbands from 16 participants over one month. Our results show that personalized models perform significantly better than population models for sleep quality recognition, and are comparably good for sleep stage detection. The balanced accuracy for sleep/wake and high/low sleep quality are 92.2% and 61.51%, which are significantly higher than baseline classifiers.
Corporate social responsibility and firm performance of sharia bank: testing the moderating effects of earning management

- This research was conducted to eamine and analyze the effect of corporate social responsibility on firm performance by testing the moderating effect of earning management on Islamic commercial banks that have been listed on the BEI. The population in this research are indonesian Islamic commercial banking companies that have been listed on the IDX for five periods, namely 2016-2020. In this research, a purposive sampling method was used to select the sample, so that the number of observation sample was 55. The data analysis technique in this research used multiple regression analysis technique. Therefore, the findings ofthis research obtained the result that CSR has a significant positive relationship with firm performance and earnings management cannot moderate the relationship between CSR and firm performance.
Tibial Stem Extension versus Standard Configuration in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Assessment According to Bone Properties

Background and Objectives: This study’s purpose was to examine the benefit of using a tibial extension in the primary operation of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This is important because it is not a common practice to use the extension in a primary TKA, a standard configuration offering sufficient stability and good long-term survivorship. The following question arises: which situation requires the use of a standard configuration implant (without a stem) and which situation requires using the extension? Materials and Methods: The opportunity to use the tibial extension in the primary TKA was analyzed in correlation to the tibial bone structural properties. Using finite elements (FEs), the virtual model of the tibial bone was connected to that of the prosthetic implant, with and without a stem, and its behavior was analyzed during static and dynamic stresses, both in the situation in which the bone had normal physical properties, as well as in the case in which the bone had diminished physical properties. Results: The maximum stress and displacement values in the static compression regime show that adding a stem is only beneficial to structurally altered bone. Compression fatigue was reduced to almost half in the case of altered bone when adding a stem. Dynamic compression showed slightly better results with the tibial stem in both healthy and degraded bone. Conclusions: It was concluded that, if the bone is healthy and has good structural properties, it is not necessary to use the tibial extension in the primary operation; and if the bone has diminished physical properties, it is necessary to use the tibial extension at the primary operation, enhancing the stability, fixation, and implant lifespan.