Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STEM Summer Camp for Girls Positively Affects Self-Efficacy

Abstract Women and racially and ethnically minoritized populations are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Out-of-school time programs like summer camps can provide positive science experiences that may increase self-efficacy and awareness of STEM opportunities. Such programs often use the same high-impact practices used in K–12 classrooms including relating concepts to real-world examples, engaging students as active participants in inquiry-driven projects, and facilitating learning in a cooperative context. They additionally provide opportunities for engaging in STEM without fear of failure, offer a community of mentors, and allow families to become more involved. We designed a summer camp for middle schoolers who identified as girls, low-income, and as a minoritized race or ethnicity. We describe the design of the camp as well as the results from a simple pre- and post-camp questionnaire that examined each camper's relationship to science, scientific self-efficacy, and interest in having a job in STEM. We found an increase in self-efficacy in camp participants, which is important because high scientific self-efficacy predicts student performance and persistence in STEM, especially for girls. We did not detect an increase in interest in pursuing a STEM job, likely because of already high values for this question on the pre-camp survey. We add to the growing body of work recognizing the potential of out-of-school time STEM programs to increase scientific self-efficacy for girls and racially minoritized students. Tweet: Summer camp for minoritized middle-school girls increases scientific self-efficacy, a characteristic that may be important for removing barriers to participation in STEM.
Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Sensing via Machine Learning

In this paper, a machine learning (ML) approach to estimate blood pressure (BP) using photoplethysmography (PPG) is presented. The final aim of this paper was to develop ML methods for estimating blood pressure (BP) in a non-invasive way that is suitable in a telemedicine health-care monitoring context. The training of regression models useful for estimating systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was conducted using new extracted features from PPG signals processed using the Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT). As a matter of fact, the interest was on the use of the most significant features obtained by the Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) selection algorithm to train eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost) and Neural Network (NN) models. This aim was satisfactorily achieved by also comparing it with works in the literature; in fact, it was found that XGBoost models are more accurate than NN models in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, obtaining a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for SBP and DBP, respectively, of 5.67 mmHg and 3.95 mmHg. For SBP measurement, this result is an improvement compared to that reported in the literature. Furthermore, the trained XGBoost regression model fulfills the requirements of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) as well as grade A of the British Hypertension Society (BHS) standard.
The History and Development of HER2 Inhibitors

HER2 is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and affects the prognosis of patients, making it a highly sensitive target for cancer therapy. Since the approval of the first HER2 inhibitor, trastuzumab, in 1998, HER2-targeted drugs have rapidly evolved. Currently, targeting HER2 drugs mainly include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This article reviews the development of HER2 inhibitors for various tumors over the past 20 years.
Permafrost changes in Europe during the last glacial

Reconstruction of former permafrost is based on specific indicators which represent relics of features developed above or within the permafrost. Their interpretation in terms of genesis and (palaeo)climatic significance, however, is in some cases still under debate. Previously the reconstruction of the periglacial environment in Europe was limited to permafrost mapping during the coldest time of the last glaciation. Today a much more refined evolution of the palaeoclimate of the last glacial has been established, thanks to a considerable increase in registered periglacial indicators, a better understanding of the corresponding climate conditions, and more accurate and reliable dating of the periglacial phenomena. La reconnaissance de l'existence d'un pergelisol ancien est basee sur des indicateurs qui sont les traces de phenomenes developpes au-dessus et au sein du pergelisol. Leur interpretation en termes de genese et de signification paleoclimatique est toutefois dans quelques cas, toujours en discussion. Autrefois la reconnaissance de l'environnement periglaciaire en Europe etait limitee a la cartographie du pergelisol au moment du maximum du froid de la derniere glaciation. Actuellement, une meilleure reconstitution de l'evolution du climat pendant la derniere periode froide est etablie grǎce a une augmentation considerable des indicateurs periglaciaires, une meilleure comprehension de leur signification paleoclimatique et une datation plus precise et plus fiable des phenomenes periglaciaires.
Using Crowdsourced Food Image Data for Assessing Restaurant Nutrition Environment: A Validation Study

Crowdsourced online food images, when combined with food image recognition technologies, have the potential to offer a cost-effective and scalable solution for the assessment of the restaurant nutrition environment. While previous research has explored this approach and validated the accuracy of food image recognition technologies, much remains unknown about the validity of crowdsourced food images as the primary data source for large-scale assessments. In this paper, we collect data from multiple sources and comprehensively examine the validity of using crowdsourced food images for assessing the restaurant nutrition environment in the Greater Hartford region. Our results indicate that while crowdsourced food images are useful in terms of the initial assessment of restaurant nutrition quality and the identification of popular food items, they are subject to selection bias on multiple levels and do not fully represent the restaurant nutrition quality or customers’ dietary behaviors. If employed, the food image data must be supplemented with alternative data sources, such as field surveys, store audits, and commercial data, to offer a more representative assessment of the restaurant nutrition environment.
BOARD SIZE AND FIRM VALUE IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This paper presents a conceptual framework between board size and firm value in the context of Malaysia. A comprehensive study of the impact of corporate governance on firm value was conducted. Theoretically, agency theory and resource dependence theory are two frameworks that can be used to analyse the relationship between board size and firm value. Agency theory states that smaller boards of directors are associated with better firm performance and higher firm value because they lead to better decision-making and more effective oversight. Resource dependence theory, on the other hand, suggests that larger boards are able to access external resources, a diverse group of backgrounds, skills, and expertise in specific areas relevant to the company’s operations will increase the value of the firm. Considering the countervailing positive and negative effects of board size on firm value, this paper predicts a non-monotonic relationship between board size and the firm value of listed companies in Malaysia. Therefore, it is important for policymakers to consider the composition and size of the board of directors to ensure effective corporate governance and contribute to the overall success of the company.
Middle Wisconsinan sediments and paleoecology of central British Columbia: sites at Necoslie and Nautley rivers

At two sites in central British Columbia, sediments with dispersed organic matter, underneath Fraser Glaciation deposits, are interpreted as nonglacial deposits of Middle Wisconsinan age (Olympia Nonglacial Interval). At Necoslie River, undated sand with dispersed organic matter, thought to be fluvial in origin, is overlain by Fraser drift. At Nautley River, similar sand contains plant detritus that has yielded 14C ages of 38 230 ± 410 BP (Beta-88557) and 42460 ± 670 BP (Beta-88558). Pollen assemblages of the sediments with dispersed organic matter at the Necoslie River and Nautley River sites are similar: both assemblages are dominated by herb pollen, with a lesser amount of tree pollen. The pollen assemblages are thought to reflect a tundra-type vegetation. Because vegetation in the area is presently dominated by spruce and subalpine fir forest, climate during deposition probably was much cooler than today. Data presented here support the contention of other studies in western Canada that cooler climati.
SPATIAL REPRESENTATION AND SPECIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: A METHODOLOGY USING LAND USE/LAND COVER DATA AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

The challenge for implementing an ecosystems approach to environmental decision-making processes, such as spatial planning, is to understand the range, nature and amount of ecosystem services currently provided and the potential for such service provision in the future. The ability to spatially represent ecosystems services is a critical element of the evidence base on which to make decisions about how physical space is used most effectively and sustainably, and the way people and activities are distributed at different spatial scales. This paper reports on the outcomes of a research project originally undertaken for the UK Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs which developed a methodology for mapping ecosystem services using GIS and readily available, existing land use/land cover datasets. Critical components of the methodology, in order to determine which datasets are appropriate for which services, are network analysis and stakeholder engagement techniques, to define the relevant typology of ecosystem services and their relationship to land use/land cover types. The methodology was developed and tested successfully in the context of green grid (green infrastructure) networks in a major UK regeneration area, the Thames Gateway, to the east of London, and its potential use in impact assessment further explored through a number of case studies.
Flysch deposition and preservation of coherent bedding in an accretionary complex: Detrital zircon ages from the Upper Cretaceous Valdez Group, Chugach terrane, Alaska

The Upper Cretaceous Valdez Group represents the flysch facies of the Mesozoic Chugach terrane accretionary complex in southern Alaska. The Valdez Group is dominated by litharenite sandstone and argillite deposited as coherent beds, unlike the older McHugh Complex melange and massive sandstones. Detrital zircons from five sandstones sampled along an ∼55 km transect through the Valdez Group were dated using U-Pb laser ablation–multicollector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS). The youngest populations from the two oldest samples, located along strike from each other, were 82–81 Ma. Three samples across strike and outboard of the others are separated by ∼50 km, but each has a youngest population dated at ca. 68 Ma. All of these samples have major grain population ages that suggest erosion from the Coast Mountains Batholith, consistent with petrography and grain modes suggesting an arc source. No apparent age gap exists between the youngest McHugh Complex samples and the oldest Valdez Group samples, suggesting continuous deposition despite the different depositional and tectonic style. We propose a model in which the onset of coherently bedded flysch marks the transition from deposition in the trench or trench slope to deposition on the oceanic plate beyond the trench after it was filled at ca. 84 Ma, i.e., the time of the youngest melange sedimentation. Preservation of coherent bedding resulted as large coherent blocks of Valdez Group rocks were imbricated into the subduction complex during continued subduction in Paleogene time.
Biomechanical Analysis of Titanium Dental Implants in the All-on-4 Treatment with Different Implant–Abutment Connections: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study

The type of implant-abutment connection is one of the factors influencing the distribution of occlusal forces. This study aims to investigate the biomechanical performance of the mandibular all-on-4 treatment with different implant–abutment connections. Two connection types with 30° abutments and 18-mm implant fixtures were chosen for the posterior implants of the all-on-4 assembly. For the external hexagon connection (EHC) group, the implants with 4 mm in diameter were used. For the internal hexagon connection (IHC) group, we selected implants with 4.3 mm in diameter. A vertical force of 190 N was applied to the cantilever region. The FEA results indicated that the most stressed region in the two groups was prosthetic screws, followed by multi-unit abutments (MUAs). The lowest values of von Mises stress were both observed on the bone. The peak stress value of the implant screw and implant fixture in the EHC group were 37.75% and 33.03% lower than the IHC group, respectively. For stress distribution patterns, the load force tended to be concentrated at locations where components were interconnected. The EHC and IHC are clinically durable under the tested loading conditions, but the prosthetic screws and MUAs can be the weak point on the posterior implant within the mandibular all-on-four assembly. The peak stress values of implant screw and implant fixture in the EHC groups were lower than the IHC group.
Comparing traditional bibliometrics and Altmetric assessments of research impact in respiratory disease

Extract Respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are a significant global health concern. A large volume of original research is generated, which has the most potential for impact when disseminated widely. Traditional bibliometrics such as citations and impact factor (IF) of the publishing journal do not capture online dissemination of information, including through social media. Thus, traditional bibliometrics may not provide a comprehensive assessment of the reach and impact of research. Moreover, it is known to take between 2 and 3 years from first publication for an article to reach its peak rate of citations, resulting in a delay in impact [1]. Tweetable abstract Traditional bibliometric assessments of research impact do not correlate with online attention scores in asthma, COPD and COVID-19. https://bit.ly/3FbwC3O
Impact of Covid-19 on Pediatric Ophthalmology Care: Lessons Learned

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic came with many new challenges that forced personal and professional lifestyle modifications. Medical facilities were in scarcity against this new unknown enemy and were challenged with the overloaded patient flow, scarcity of healthcare staff, and evolving treatment modalities with a better understanding of the virus each day. Ophthalmology as a “branch of medicine” suffered challenges initially because of a lack of guidelines for patient management, close working distance during routine examinations, and halt of major surgeries, including cataracts. Pediatric ophthalmology had major implications, as reduced outpatient visits would mean deeper amblyopia, and changed lifestyles, including online classes and home refinement, predisposing children to myopia, digital eye strain, and worsening of strabismus. COVID-19 also unveiled underlying accommodation and convergence anomalies that predisposed pediatric and adolescent patients to an increased prevalence of headache and acute onset esotropia. Teleophthalmology and other innovative solutions, including the use of prism glasses, safe slit-lamp shields, alternative ways of school screening with the use of photoscreeners, performing retinoscopy only when needed, and using autorefractors were among the few guidelines or modifications adopted which helped in the efficient and safe management of pediatric patients. Many pediatric ophthalmologists also suffered in terms of financial constraints due to loss of salary or even closure of private practices. School screening and retinopathy of prematurity screening suffered a great setback and costed a lot of vision years, data of which remains under-reported. Important implications and learnings from the pandemic to mitigate future similar situations include using teleophthalmology and virtual platforms for the triage of patients, managing non-emergency conditions without physical consultations, and utilizing home-based vision assessment techniques customized for different age groups. Though this pandemic had a lot of negative implications, the innovations, modifications, and other important learnings helped pediatric ophthalmologists in navigating safely.
Fluid flow through rock joints: The effect of surface roughness

Fluid flow through rock joints is commonly described by the parallel plate model where the volume flow rate varies as the cube of the joint aperture. However, deviations from this model are expected because real joint surfaces are rough and contact each other at discrete points. To examine this problem further, a computer simulation of flow between rough surfaces was done. Realistic rough surfaces were generated numerically using a fractal model of surface topography. Pairs of these surfaces were placed together to form a “joint” with a random aperture distribution. Reynolds equation, which describes laminar flow between slightly nonplanar and nonparallel surfaces, was solved on the two-dimensional aperture mesh by the finite-difference method. The solution is the local volume flow rate through the joint. This solution was used directly in the cubic law to get the so-called “hydraulic aperture. ” For various surface roughnesses (fractal dimensions) the hydraulic aperture was compared to the mean separation of the surfaces. At large separations the surface topography has little effect. At small separations the flow is tortuous, tending to be channeled through high-aperture regions. The parameter most affecting fluid flow through rough joints is the ratio of the mean separation between the surfaces to the root-mean-square surface height. This parameter describes the distance the surface asperities protrude into the fluid and accounts for most of the disagreement with the parallel plate model. Variations in the fractal dimension produce only a second-order effect on the fluid flow. For the range of joint closures expected during elastic deformation these results show that the actual flow rate between rough surfaces is about 70–90% of that predicted by the parallel plate model.
JTE-013 Alleviates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Affecting the RhoA/YAP Pathway and Mitochondrial Fusion/Fission

Pulmonary fibrosis may be due to the proliferation of fibroblasts and the aggregation of extracellular matrix, resulting in the stimulation of inflammation damage, destroying lung tissue structure, seriously affecting the patient’s respiratory function, and even leading to death. We investigated the role and mechanism of JTE-013 in attenuating bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis was established in mice. Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (MLE-12) were stimulated with sphingosine monophosphate (S1P) in vitro. JTE-013, an S1PR2 (sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2) antagonist, and Verteporfin were administered in vivo and in vitro. IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. IL-4 and IFN-γ positive cells were detected by flow cytometry. Inhibition of S1PR2 with JTE-013 significantly ameliorated BLM-induced pathological changes and inflammatory cytokine levels. JTE-013 also significantly reduced the expression of RHOA/YAP pathway proteins and mitochondrial fission protein Drp1, apoptosis, and the colocalization of α-SMA with YAP, Drp1, and Tom20, as detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, TUNEL, and Western blot. In vitro, S1PR2 and YAP knockdown downregulated RHOA/YAP pathway protein expression, Drp1 phosphorylation, and Drp1 translocation, promoted YAP phosphorylation and phenotypic transformation of MFN2, and inhibited the up-regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, and cell apoptosis (7.13% vs. 18.14%), protecting the integrity of the mitochondrial dynamics. JTE-013 also inhibited the expression of fibrosis markers α-SMA, MMP-9, and COL1A1, and alleviated the symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusively, JTE-013 has great anti-pulmonary fibrosis potential by regulating RHOA/YAP and mitochondrial fusion/fission.
Debris flow triggering by impulsive loading: mechanical modelling and case studies

A mechanism is proposed by which debris flows can be triggered through impulsive loading. Momentum transferred from hillslope failures to steep stream bed materials may be sufficient to initiate a debris flow where one may not otherwise occur. An important parameter in the momentum transfer is the planimetric angle between the slide path axis and the stream channel axis. Preliminary stability equations for both drained and undrained loading are developed from formulae commonly used to assess stream channel stability. Case studies from two basins in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia are used to illustrate the mechanisms. Key words : debris flow, triggering, mechanisms, rock slide, debris slide, Coast Mountains.
Incoherent scatter radar, ionosonde, and satellite measurements of equatorial F region vertical plasma drifts in the evening sector

Studies of equatorial F region evening vertical plasma drifts using different measurement techniques have produced conflicting results. We examine the relationship of incoherent scatter radar and ionosonde drift observations over the Peruvian equatorial region, and AE-E satellite drifts for different geophysical conditions. Our data show that there is large day-to-day variability on the ratios of radar and ionosonde drifts, but on the average the measurements from these two techniques are in fair agreement during low and moderate solar flux conditions. For high solar activity, however, the Jicamarca evening drifts during equinox and December solstice are significantly larger than the ionosonde drifts. These results can be explained by the different height ranges of the radar and ionosonde measurements, and the increase of the upward drift velocity with height below the F region peak. This altitudinal variation is related to the longitudinal gradient of the zonal plasma drifts as a result of the curl-free electric field condition. Our results also indicate that during equinox the increase of the vertical prereversal velocity enhancement with solar activity is largely longitude independent.