Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Programmed Endocytosis During Epiboly of Fundulus heteroclitus 1

SYNOPSIS. A major question in the analysis of teleost epiboly is the fate of the yolk cytoplasmic layer. It diminishes during epiboly and eventually disappears at the completion of epiboly. This paper is concerned with the fate of the surface of the yolk cytoplasmic layer during epiboly. When gastrulae during epiboly are bathed in lucifer yellow (CH) and then observed with fluorescent microscopy or bathed in ferritin and then fixed and observed with TEM, a thin circumferential ring of endocytic vesicles is observed, confined to the external yolk syncytial layer just peripheral to the advancing margin of the blas- toderm. Even though the entire egg is immersed in the marker, endocytosis is confined to this limited region. More precisely, this endocytosis occurs only within the region of the external yolk syncytial layer, where the surface is most folded. The endocytic vesicles thus formed move downward and settle on the surface of the membrane separating the yolk from the cytoplasm in the yolk syncytial layer. They do not join the surface of the internal yolk syncytial layer; hence they do not contribute to its expansion. Prior to the onset of epiboly there is no such endocytosis at the surface of the egg. Since this endocytosis occurs only during epiboly and only at the surface of the external yolk syncytial layer just peripheral to the advancing margin of the blastoderm, and in the absence of large molecules in the medium, we conclude that it is programmed. We, therefore, present this as a case of programmed internalization of cell surface serving as the morphogenetic mechanism responsible for the disappearance of the surface of the yolk cytoplasmic layer during gastrulation of the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus.
Nutritional and In ammatory Measures Predict Survival of Patients with Stage IV Colorectal Cancer

Yasuyuki Takamizawa National Cancer Center Hospital Dai Shida (  dshida@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp ) National Cancer Center Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-1924 Narikazu Boku Nationl Cancer Center Hospital Yuya Nakamura National Cancer Center Hospital Yuka Ahiko National Cancer Center Hospital Takefumi Yoshida National Cancer Center Hospital Taro Tanabe National Cancer Center Hospital Atsuo Takashima National Cancer Center Hospital Yukihide Kanemitsu National Cancer Center Hospital
Comparison of Integrated and Sequential Design Approaches for Fatigue Analysis of a Jacket Offshore Wind Turbine Structure

One of the most important criteria in the design of fixed offshore wind turbine structures is fatigue resistance. There is an unabated need for research in order to improve and optimize current design methods. There are mainly two approaches for structural analysis available in the offshore industry: the Integrated Design Approach (IDA) and the Sequential Design Approach (SDA). Within the IDA, the entire wind turbine, consisting of the jacket structure including tower and the rotor nacelle assembly (RNA), is considered as a unique system exposed to windand wave-induced loads in an aero-hydro-elastic solver. In SDA, the jacket structure is converted into a superelement and implemented into an aero-elastic solver, where it is expanded by an RNA in order to obtain the wind-induced interface loads. The obtained interface loads are used for further analysis in a more advanced offshore code, where the wave-induced loads are simulated. The fatigue damage of the relevant K-joint in the support structure is afterwards compared to the one obtained in terms of IDA. Apart from the judgement about advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, this work benefits from confirming the reliability and applicability of both approaches.
Verifying digital filter initialization in a 3-dimensional coastal ocean model

A primitive equation model is used to simulate mesoscale ocean variability to verify the digital filter initialization (DFI) method of Lynch and Huang. The model is initialized with two different analytic density fields, a linear Rossby wave and a baroclinically unstable flow, and then integrated forward to produce control runs. Both simulations resulted in measurable ageostrophic currents and vertical motions. The density field at the end of the control runs was extracted and used by DFI to regenerate the control currents. Combinations of different DFI integration times and repeated DFI passes, were used. The normalized rms error between the vertical velocities from the control runs and from DFI, showed that the 12-hr and 3 pass combination had the greatest accuracy. The normalized error was less than 0.15, except near the bottom of the domain and also at the surface for the shallow baroclinically unstable flow. This was attributed to the neglect of friction in the DFI processes, and to somewhat poor vertical resolution near the surface for the unstable case. The errors were small enough to be confident that DFI accurately recovered the adiabatic, frictionless part of the control's currents.
Response : The role of antiviral agents in the treatment of multicentric Castleman disease

7. Mazzi R, Parisi SG, Sarmati L, et al. Efficacity of cidofovir on human herpesvirus 8 viraemia and Kaposi’s sarcoma progression in two patients with AIDS. AIDS. 2001;15:2061-2062. 8. Martin DF, Kuppermann BD, Wolitz RA, et al. Oral ganciclovir for patients with cytomegalovirus retinis treated with a ganciclovir implant. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340:1063-1070. 9. Parravicini C, Chandran B, Corbellino M, et al. Differential viral protein expression in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected disease: Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman’s disease. Am J Pathol. 2000;156:743-749. 10. Oksenhendler E, Boulanger E, Galicier L, et al. High incidence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related non-hodgkin lymphoma in patients with HIV infection and multicentric Castleman disease. Blood. 2002;99:2331-2336.
Examining Open Data at the Urban Level: An Exploration of “Wellbeing Toronto”

ABSTRACT This paper examines how Wellbeing Toronto (WT)—a free, open data, GIS tool that allows users to map information—has evolved into an extensive data repository with robust data analysis capabilities. Explored is the progress of open data scholarship in relation to municipal government and civic participation. Based on this, the authors note the following: (1) as open data becomes increasingly prevalent, a more varied understanding of the organization and structure of municipal government may emerge. (2) There is a need for measures of civic engagement to move beyond data co-production towards an organization-based interactive approach.
Chaplygin's sphere

Chaplygin proved the integrability by quadratures of a round sphere, rolling without slipping on a horizontal plane, with center of mass at the center of the sphere, but with arbitrary moments of inertia. Although the system is integrable in every sense of the word, it neither is a hamiltonian system, nor is the integrability an immediate consequence of the symmetries. On the other hand the constants of motion are obtained as a consequence of a Nother's principle and the system can be related to the geodesic flow on the Euclidean motion group for a left invariant metric. In this paper we analyse the global dynamics and in the process we will explain almost all of Chaplygin's results. At the end of each section we describe in a subsection ``Chaplygin'' the relation between our text and Chaplygin's. We also obtain several new results, such as the proof that the level sets of the constants of motion in the phase space for the rotational motion are two-dimensional tori on which, after a suitable time reparametrization, the rotational motion is quasiperiodic. After suitable completion of the level surfaces this is also true for the complexified system, which is algebraically integrable in the sense of Adler and van Moerbeke. This also follows, in a quite different way, from Chaplygin's integration in terms of hyperelliptic integrals.
Socioeconomic status, anthropometric status, and psychomotor development of Kenyan children from a resource-limited setting

Background: Sub-optimal physical growth has been suggested as a key pathway between the effect of environmental risk and developmental outcome. Aim: To determine if anthropometric status mediates the relation between socioeconomic status and psychomotor development of young children in resource-limited settings. Study design: A cross-sectional study design was used. Subjects: A total of 204 (105 girls) children from two resource-limited communities in the Coast Province, Kenya. The mean age of these children was 29 months (SD=3.43; range: 24 – 35 months). Outcome measure: Psychomotor functioning was assessed using a locally developed and validated measure, the Kilifi Developmental Inventory. Results: A significant association was found between anthropometric status (as measured by weight-for-age, height-for-age, mid-upper arm circumference, and head circumference) and psychomotor functioning and also between socioeconomic status and anthropometric status; no direct effects were found between socioeconomic status and developmental outcome. The models showed that weight, height and to a lesser extent mid-upper arm circumference mediate the relation between socioeconomic status and developmental outcome, while headcircumference did not show the same effect. Conclusion: Among children under 3 years living in poverty, anthropometric status shows a clear association with psychomotor development while socioeconomic status may only have an indirect association.
Osman, Mariam Aspiration-achievement paradox of immigrant-origin youth in Finland at the end of comprehensive education Bachelor’s Thesis FACULTY OF EDUCATION

This literature review aims to look at the aspiration-achievement paradox of immigrant-origin youth at the end of comprehensive education, both in the international and Finnish context. Transition to post-comprehensive education is a high-stakes situation and one in which immigrant-origin youth often lag behind their native counterparts with their facilities and resources. Widespread research has shown that despite low educational achievement, immigrant-origin youth as well as their parents possess high educational aspirations. In the case of Finland, the gap in academic achievement between native and immigrant students in at the age of 15 is one of the largest in the OECD countries despite available educational opportunities. Immigrant-origin youth and their families are hindered by factors that make it unable for them to utilize these opportunities and achieve positive educational outcomes. Based on previous multidisciplinary literature, this thesis sets out to find the possible causes that have been outlined in relation to this phenomenon.
Analysis of Site Ampli cation and Nonlinear Response Based on Ground Motion Records at MYGH10 Station in Japan

18 Strong horizontal ground motions with the peak ground acceleration (PGA) larger than 1400 19 gal were observed at Yamamoto (MYGH10) station during the February 2021 Mj 7.3 off the 20 east coast of Honshu, Japan, Fukushima earthquake. Firstly, in this paper, we discussed and 21 verified the theoretical assumptions of the “Nakamura” method under weak and strong 22 ground motions. The site amplification factor of the MYGH10 station was estimated using 23 the surface horizontal-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) and the surface-to-borehole spectral 24 ratio (SBSR), and the corrected HVSRC, respectively. Meanwhile, the reasons for 25 underestimating the site amplification factor when using HVSR were explained. The vertical 26 amplification phenomenon of seismic P-wave in the high-frequency band was analysed under 27 weak and strong ground motions. Secondly, we utilized HVSR, SBSR, and theoretical 28 transfer function (TTF) based on the 1D wave propagation theory to study the nonlinear site 29 response of MYGH10 station under the mainshock of the Fukushima earthquake and the 30 historically weak and strong ground motions, respectively. The changes in frequencies and 31 amplitudes of the spectral ratio curves when nonlinearities were occurring at the site were 32 analysed and compared using the spectra ratio curves of weak ground motion records and 33 TTF as references. Finally, the recovery of the site after strong nonlinearity was also 34 evaluated by comparing the spectral ratio curves of aftershocks records. We found that the 35 most significant amplification factor of the site increased from 7 to more than 10, and the 36 predominant frequency decreased from 10 Hz to 3.8 Hz under the mainshock of the 37 Fukushima earthquake. The predominant frequency returned to the previous value within 38 three days after the mainshock, but the amplification factor did not. 39
Absence of interferon-lambda 4 enhances spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-3 infection

Objectives: Absence of a functional interferon-k 4 (IFN-k4) gene (IFNL4) predicts spontaneous resolution of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in regions with a predominance of genotype 1, whereas variants of the inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) gene (ITPA) entailing reduced activity associate with increased sustained virologic response rates following some therapeutic regimens. This study aimed at investigating the impact of IFNL4 on acute HCV genotype 2 or 3 infections, and whether ITPase activity influenced outcome. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seven people who injected drugs (PWID) with documented anti-HCV seroconversion, and 57 PWID with reinfection with HCV were analyzed regarding IFNL4 (rs368234815 and rs12979860) and ITPA (rs1127354 and rs7270101), and longitudinally followed regarding HCV RNA. Results: The spontaneous clearance of HCV infection in anti-HCV seronegative PWID was enhanced when IFN-k4 was absent (44% vs. 20% for IFNL4 TT/TTrs1368234815 and DGrs1368234815 respectively, p< .001; OR 3.2) across genotypes 1-3. The proportion lacking IFN-k4 was further increased following resolution of repeated re-exposure to HCV (74% among re-infected participants who had cleared at least two documented HCV infections). ITPA genetic variants did not independently impact on the outcome, but among males lacking IFN-k4, reduced ITPase activity markedly augmented the likelihood of resolution (65% vs. 29% for <100% and 100% ITPase activity, p1⁄4 .006). Conclusions: Absence of IFN-k4 entails an enhanced likelihood of spontaneous resolution both following primary acute infection and repeated re-exposure to HCV across genotypes 1-3. Among men lacking IFN-k4, reduced ITPase activity improved outcome. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 19 January 2021 Revised 28 April 2021 Accepted 29 April 2021
The relationship between economic growth and FDI: evidence from Nam Dinh province in Viet Nam

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nam Dinh province for the period 1987-2019. The paper uses a Vector Autoregression model (VAR) to process the time-series data set. Moreover, the Granger causality test was done via four economic variables, namely gross regional domestic product (GRDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), the labor force (LF) and openness of the economy (OPEN). The empirical results show that GRDP positively effects on FDI at lag 1 while only FDI in the previous two years is considered as effecting on current economic growth at 10% statistically significant. Eventually, the paper suggests some policy implications for attracting more FDI for further supporting economic growth in Nam Dinh province.
A QUARTERLY REVIEW PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY

(B) IN the case of Logic, there were two most important matters with regard to which he said that the views he had held when he wrote the Tractaius were definitely wrong. (1) The first of these concerned what Russell called " atomic " propositions and he himself in the Tractatus had called " Elementai"satze ". He said in (II) that it was with regard to "elementary" propositions and their connexion with truthfunctions or " molecular " propositions that he had had to change his opinions most. ; and that this subject was connected with the use of the words " thing " and " name ". In (III) he began by pointing out that neither Russell nor he himself had produced any examples of "atomic" propositions ; and said that there was something wrong indicated by this fact, though it was difficult to say exactly what. He said that both he and Russell had the idea that non-atomic propositions could be " analysed " into atomic ones, but that we did not yet know what the analysis was : that, e.g. such a proposition as " It is raining " might, if we knew its analysis, turn out to be molecular, consisting, e.g. of a conjunction of " atomic " propositions. He said that in the Traciatus he had objected to Russell's assumption that there certainly were atomic propositions which asserted two-termed relations—that he had refused to prophesy as to what would be the result of an analysis, if one were made, and that it might turn out that no atomic proposition asserted less than e.g. a 1
Mitosis-Speciﬁc Promoter of the Alfalfa Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Gene ( Medsa;CDKB2;1 ) Is Activated by Wounding and Ethylene in a Non-Cell Division-Dependent Manner 1[W]

Cyclin-dependent serine/threonine kinases (CDKs) have pivotal roles in regulating the eukaryotic cell cycle. Plants possess a unique class of CDKs (B-type CDKs) with preferential protein accumulation at G2/M-phases; however, their exact functions are still enigmatic. Here we describe the functional characterization of a 360-bp promoter region of the alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) CDKB2;1 gene in transgenic plants and cell lines. It is shown that the activity of the analyzed promoter was characteristic for proliferating meristematic regions in planta and speciﬁc for cells in the G2/M-phases in synchronized cell cultures. Immunohistochemical analysis of transgenic root sections further conﬁrmed the correlation of the expression of the CDKB2;1 promoter-linked reporter genes with the accumulation of the correspondent kinase. It was found that, in addition to auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) treatment, wounding could also induce both the reporter and endogenous genes in transgenic leaf explants. Furthermore, ethylene, known as a wound-response mediator, had a similar effect. The gene activation in response to wounding or ethephon was faster and occurred without the induction of cell cycle progression in contrast to the control auxin treatment. In silico analysis of this promoter indeed revealed the presence of a set of cis-elements, indicating not only cell cycle- but wound- and ethylene-dependent regulation of this CDK gene. Based on the presented data, we discuss the functional signiﬁcance of the complex regulation of mitosis-speciﬁc CDK genes in plants. Medsa;CDKB2;1
invited review Transcriptional mechanisms of acute lung injury

Transcriptional mechanisms of Am 281: L1037–L1050, 2001. —Acute lung injury occurs as a result of a cascade of cellular events initiated by either infectious or noninfectious inﬂammatory stimuli. An elevated level of proinﬂammatory mediators combined with a decreased expression of anti-inﬂammatory molecules is a critical component of lung inﬂammation. Expression of proinﬂamma- tory genes is regulated by transcriptional mechanisms. Nuclear factor- k B (NF- k B) is one critical transcription factor required for maximal expression of many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Activation and regulation of NF- k B are tightly controlled by a complicated signaling cascade. In acute lung injury caused by infection of bacteria, Toll-like receptors play a central role in initiating the innate immune system and activating NF- k B. Anti-inﬂammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 and interleukin-13 have been shown to suppress inﬂammatory processes through inhibiting NF- k B activation. NF- k B can interact with other transcription factors, and these interactions thereby lead to greater transcriptional selectivity. Modiﬁcation of transcription is likely to be a logical therapeutic target for acute lung injury. P, phosphorylation.
BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online development in utero assessed using motion-corrected diffusion tensor imaging and its comparison to ex utero measures. Magnetic

Objective Fetal brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers quantitative analysis of the developing brain. The objective was to 1) quantify DTI measures across gestation in a cohort of fetuses without brain abnormalities using full retrospective correction for fetal head motion 2) compare results obtained in utero to those in preterm infants. Materials and methods Motion-corrected DTI analysis was performed on data sets obtained at 1.5T from 32 fetuses scanned between 21.29 and 37.57 (median 31.86) weeks. Results were compared to 32 preterm infants scanned at 3T between 27.43 and 37.14 (median 33.07) weeks. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were quantified by region of interest measurements and tractography was performed. Results Fetal DTI was successful in 84% of fetuses for whom there was sufficient data for DTI estimation, and at least one tract could be obtained in 25 cases. Fetal FA values increased and ADC values decreased with age at scan (PLIC FA: p = 0.001; R 2 = 0.469; slope = 0.011; splenium FA: p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.597; slope = 0.019; thalamus ADC: p = 0.001; R 2 = 0.420; slope = − 0.023); similar trends were found in preterm infants. Conclusion This study demonstrates that stable DTI is feasible on fetuses and provides evidence for normative values of diffusion properties that are consistent with aged matched preterm infants.
Object Sensing and Shape Detection Using Vibrissa Hair-like Sensors with Intrinsic Curvature

—Numerous mammals possess in addition to normal body hairs tactile hairs, also known as vibrissae or whiskers, to explore their environment. Biological observations have shown that rodents use their tactile hairs in the snout region (mystacial vibrissae) to estimate obstacle contact and obstacle shape within a few contacts of the tactile hair. Despite different morphology of animal vibrissae (e.g., cylindrically or conically shaped, pre- curved, multi-layer structure), these biological tactile hairs are modeled in a mechanical way to develop and analyze models concerning their bending behavior with a glance to get hints for a technical implementation as a technical sensor. We focus on an analytical description, numerical simulations and experimental veriﬁcations of an object scanning process to to achieve a better understanding of this sense. We investigate the bending behavior of cylindrically shaped rods with an intrinsic curvature, which are one-sided clamped and interact with a rigid obstacle in the plane. Hence, the sensing element vibrissa is under the load of an external contact force during object scanning and is frequently modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli bending rod allowing for large deﬂections. Most of the literature is limited to the research on cylindrical & straight, or tapered & straight rods. The (natural) intrinsic curved shape is rarely analyzed. Hence, the aim is to determine the obstacles contour by one quasi-static sweep along the obstacle and to ﬁgure out the dependence on the intrinsic curvature of the rod. The consideration of an intrinsic curvature makes the analytical treatment a bit harder and results in numerical solutions of the process. Nevertheless, at ﬁrst, we focus on a constant intrinsic curvature and, then, present simulations and experiments using a variable one.