Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of tonal coarticulation in segmentation of artificial language speech: A study with Mandarin listeners

Abstract Tonal carryover assimilation, whereby a tone is assimilated to the preceding one, is conditioned by prosodic boundaries in a way suggesting that its presence may signal continuity or lack of a boundary. Its possibility as a speech segmentation cue was investigated in two artificial language (AL) learning experiments. Mandarin-speaking listeners identified the “words” of a three-tone AL (e.g., [pé.tī.kù]) after listening to six long speech streams in which the words were repeated continuously without pauses. The first experiment revealed that segmentation was disrupted in an “incongruent-cues” condition where tonal carryover assimilation occurred across AL word boundaries and conflicted with statistical regularities in the speech streams. Segmentation was neither facilitated nor inhibited in a “congruent-cues” condition where tonal carryover assimilation occurred only within the AL words in 27% of the repetitions and never across word boundaries. A null effect was again found for the congruent-cues condition of the second experiment, where all AL word repetitions carried tonal carryover assimilation. These findings show that tonal carryover assimilation is exploited to resolve segmentation problems when cues conflict. Its null effect in the congruent-cues conditions might be linked to cue redundancy and suggest that it is weighted low in the segmentation cue hierarchy.
Thermo-osmotic transport in nanochannels grafted with pH-responsive polyelectrolyte brushes modelled using augmented strong stretching theory

Abstract In this paper, we develop a theory to establish that the thermo-osmotic (TOS) effects, induced by the application of an axial temperature gradient, lead to a massive enhancement in liquid transport in nanochannels grafted with charged polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes. We quantify the TOS transport by quantifying the induced electric field and the induced TOS flow field. The different components of the electric field, namely the ionic component, the thermal component and the osmotic component, as well as the contributions of different ions to these components, are quantified. Furthermore, we express the TOS velocity as a combination of chemiosmotic (COS), thermal and electro-osmotic (EOS) components. The COS and the thermal components augment each other and the overall strength and direction of the TOS flow are dictated by the direction and the relative strength of the EOS component. Most importantly, we compare the cases of brush-grafted nanochannels with those of the brush-free nanochannels of identical surface charge densities: the TOS transport is massively augmented in the brush-grafted nanochannels attributed to the combination of the localization of the electric double layer (EDL) (and hence any body force that depends on the EDL charge density) away from the nanochannel wall (i.e. the location of the maximum drag force) and the presence of a possible molecular slip (experienced by the liquid) along the brush surface.
The roles of cognitive abilities and hearing acuity in older adults’ recognition of words taken from fast and spectrally reduced speech

Abstract Previous literature has identified several cognitive abilities as predictors of individual differences in speech perception. Working memory was chief among them, but effects have also been found for processing speed. Most research has been conducted on speech in noise, but fast and unclear articulation also makes listening challenging, particularly for older listeners. As a first step toward specifying the cognitive mechanisms underlying spoken word recognition, we set up this study to determine which factors explain unique variation in word identification accuracy in fast speech, and the extent to which this was affected by further degradation of the speech signal. To that end, 105 older adults were tested on identification accuracy of fast words in unaltered and degraded conditions in which the speech stimuli were low-pass filtered. They were also tested on processing speed, memory, vocabulary knowledge, and hearing sensitivity. A structural equation analysis showed that only memory and hearing sensitivity explained unique variance in word recognition in both listening conditions. Working memory was more strongly associated with performance in the unfiltered than in the filtered condition. These results suggest that memory skills, rather than speed, facilitate the mapping of single words onto stored lexical representations, particularly in conditions of medium difficulty.
The role of modality and awareness in language learning

Abstract There is conflicting empirical evidence regarding the role of awareness in second language learning. Possible explanations for the contradictory results include the modality in the exposure and assessment phases of previous experiments. Our study investigated the acquisition of a novel determiner system under incidental exposure conditions and examined the effect of modality in both exposure and assessment phases. Animacy served as a hidden regularity in the determiners, which were embedded in sentences and presented to Chinese speakers of English either in auditory or in visual mode. Learning was assessed by a two-alternative forced-choice test either auditorily or in writing. Implicit and explicit knowledge were measured using retrospective verbal reports and source judgements. Bayesian analysis provided moderate evidence for above chance level learning. Significant learning effects were observed regardless of whether participants based their accuracy judgements on explicit or implicit knowledge. Bayesian analysis showed moderate evidence for above chance learning effects for aware participants. Generalized linear mixed-effects modeling revealed a small-size significant benefit of the auditory exposure modality over the written modality but indicated no significant effect of the modality of assessment or awareness. Our research underscores the importance of considering the role of modality of exposure in incidental second language learning contexts.
Smart power consumption abnormality detection in buildings using micromoments and improved K‐nearest neighbors

Anomaly detection in energy consumption is a crucial step towards developing efficient energy saving systems, diminishing overall energy expenditure and reducing carbon emissions. Therefore, implementing powerful techniques to identify anomalous consumption in buildings and providing this information to end‐users and managers is of significant importance. Accordingly, two novel schemes are proposed in this paper; the first one is an unsupervised abnormality detection based on one‐class support vector machine, namely UAD‐OCSVM, in which abnormalities are extracted without the need of annotated data; the second is a supervised abnormality detection based on micromoments (SAD‐M2), which is implemented in the following steps: (i) normal and abnormal power consumptions are defined and assigned; (ii) a rule‐based algorithm is introduced to extract the micromoments representing the intent‐rich moments, in which the end‐users make decisions to consume energy; and (iii) an improved K‐nearest neighbors model is introduced to automatically classify consumption footprints as normal or abnormal. Empirical evaluation conducted in this framework under three different data sets demonstrates that SAD‐M2 achieves both a highest abnormality detection performance and real‐time processing capability with considerably lower computational cost in comparison with other machine learning methods. For instance, up to 99.71% accuracy and 99.77% F1 score have been achieved using a real‐world data set collected at the Qatar University energy lab.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and/or some foliar application on growth, herb yield, essential oil and chemical composi- tion of dragonhead

Field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and/or two foliar application treatments (either a mineral mixture of Zn, Fe, and Mn or compost tea) on different growth characteristics and chemical composition of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (dragonhead). At the vegetative and flowering stages of development, dragonhead plants responded significantly to the application of nitrogen and foliar treatments. Treating dragonhead plants with 90 kg N/fed and both foliar treatments produced higher plant height and branch number. Fertilization with 90 kg N/fed and application of the mineral mixture produced the highest fresh herb yield and essential oil production. Geranyl acetate, geranial and geraniol were identified as the three major compounds in the essential oil. The highest geranyl acetate content (60.11%) occurred in plants treated with compost tea during the flowering stage. The highest geranial content (57.60%) and occurred in plants treated with 120 kg N/fed. and the mineral application. Fertilization with 90 kg N/fed. in the vegetative stage produced the greatest geraniol content (33.26%). In the vegetative stage, fertilization with 120 kg N/fed. , and application of the mineral treatment, produced the greatest flavonoid content. In the flowering stage, the greatest flavonoid content was achieved with 90 kgN/fed. and application of both foliar treatments. In both the vegetative and flowering stages, fertilization with 120 kg N/fed. and both foliar treatments produced the highest N %. Treatments (120 kg N/fed. with compost tea) and (90 kg N/fed. with compost tea) gave the highest Mn and Fe contents in vegetative and flowering stages, respectively. The highest Zn content in both stages resulted from application of 120 kg N/fed. combined with compost tea.
Assessment of Terminal Heat Stress and Nitrogen on Grain Yield and Yield Com-ponents of Canola.

In order to study the effects of terminal heat stress and nitrogen on morphophysiological characteristics, ANUE (Agronomical Nitrogen Use Efficiency) and yield of canola, an experiment was conducted at research farm of Ramin Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources university. The experiment was arranged in split plots based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Main plots included three N fertilizer levels consisted of 90, 180, and 270 kg.ha nitrogen and control. Sub plots were considered as two sowing dates, Nov.11 (optimum condition) and Jan.26 (terminal heat stress condition). Results showed that terminal heat stress and nitrogen had significantly effect on all measured parameters while effect of nitrogen on ANUE was not significant. The two levels of 180 and 270 kg.ha nitrogen had no significantly different effects on plant height, leaf number, sub branch number, LAI and ANUE. In addition, interaction effects between terminal heat stress and nitrogen was significant on some parameters. In both of optimum and terminal heat stress conditions, increase in used nitrogen led to significantly more yield. Nitrogen had no significant effect on ANUE. Decrease in nitrogen levels caused decrease of final grain yield. Also, terminal heat stress decreased grain yield about 59 percent. Our result suggested that increased nitrogen could have a positive effect on terminal heat stress tolerance of canola.
In situ X-ray observation of the reaction dolomite = aragonite + magnesite at 900–1300 K

Abstract To determine the reaction boundary dolomite = aragonite + magnesite, in situ X-ray experiments on dolomite decomposition and synthesis were carried out in the temperature range 900 to 1300 K. Dolomite decomposition experiments were conducted with increasing pressure at constant temperature, and the boundary was determined to be 5.3-5.9 GPa in the temperature range 800-1200 K and 5.9-6.3 GPa at 1300 K. Dolomite synthesis experiments were carried out with decreasing pressure at constant temperature or with increasing temperature at constant press load. The dolomite synthesis boundary was determined to be 6.7-6.9 GPa at 1300 K, 3.7-4.4 GPa at 1100 K, and 2-3 GPa at 800 K. Except at 1300K, the synthesis boundary is much lower in pressure and has a steeper dP/dT slope than the decomposition boundary. The difference in the reaction boundary reflects the different kinetics between decomposition and synthesis reactions, and the former may be closer to the equilibrium phase boundary. The experimental results show that the phase boundary between dolomite and aragonite + magnesite is located at ◻6.4 GPa at 1300 K and has a dP/dT slope of 0.001 ± 0.001 GPa/ K in the temperature range 900 to 1200 K.
Abundance and Diversity of Soil Macrofauna in Native Forest, Eucalyptus Plantations, Perennial Pasture, Integrated Crop-Livestock, and No-Tillage Cropping

Intensive land use can affect macrofaunal biodiversity, which is a property that can be used as a soil quality indicator. This study evaluated the abundance and diversity of soil macrofauna and its relation to soil chemical and physical properties in five land use systems (LUS) in the eastern region of Santa Catarina. The following LUS were studied: native forest (NF), eucalyptus plantations (EP), perennial pasture (PP), integrated crop-livestock (ICL), and no-tillage cropping (NT). The macrofauna was quantified in 0.25 × 0.25 m monoliths and sampled in the 0.00-0.20 m layer in the summer (Jan/2012) and winter (Jul/2012). For each LUS, nine points were sampled, distributed in a 30 × 30 m sampling grid. After screening the edaphic macrofauna organisms, the individuals were counted and identified at the species level when possible, or in major taxonomic groups. The Shannon diversity indices were calculated and the macrofaunal groups together with the physical and chemical properties were subjected to principal component (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). The abundance and diversity of macrofaunal groups are affected by the LUS. The properties of organic matter, macroporosity, bulk density, cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0, base saturation, potential acidity, and exchangeable Al were related to the abundance of soil macrofaunal groups. The stability and biodiversity of soil macrofauna were highest in the LUS of NF, PP, and EP.
Influence de la densité de plantation et du mode d'entretien du sol sur l'alimentation minérale de la vigne

Effect of planting density and soil cultivation practices on leaves and musts mineral status of vine. In a field experiment started in 1971 at Montreuil-Bellay (Valley of Loire) several planting densities with « Chenin » vine grafted on S0 4 rootstock, were compared with two soil management treatments (chemical weed control and permanent grass cover). Every year, mineral composition of leaves and musts is determined. The permanent grass cover increases Mg and P concentrations of leaves while the Zn concentration of leaves increases in the low density vines. A good positive correlation between the P percentage of leaves ant this of musts is obtained. The permanent grass cover decreases the N concentration of musts while the low density vines with chemical control increase this percentage.
Self-Assembled bridged polysilsesquioxane silica hybrids for dyes removal and controlled ibuprofen drug delivery = : Híbridos polisililsesquioxanos auto-arranjados em pontes para remoção de corantes e liberação controlada de ibuprofeno

Hibridos polisilsesquioxanos arranjados em pontos, foram sintetizados e caracterizados por analise elementar, espectroscopia de absorcao na regiao do infravermelho, ressonância magnetica nuclear no estado solido, difracao de raios X, microscopia eletronica de varredura e transmissao eletronica. Os dados de sorcao/dessorcao de nitrogenio para silica pura, SBA-15 e os hibridos funcionalizados resultaram na isoterma do tipo IV com histerese do tipo H1. A estrutura da silica mesoporosa ficou preservada apos a pos-funcionalizacao com cadeias orgânicas. Pos-funcionalizacao da superficie com amina e outros grupos orgânicos contendo estrutura hidrofobica, resultou numa diminuicao da area da superficie 802,4-63,0 m2g-1 e volume de poros de 0,09 nm e aumento capacidade de carga de ibuprofeno a partir de 18,0 ate 29% e um muito lento taxa de liberacao ao longo do periodo de 72,5 h. Para investigar a taxa de liberacao e o mecanismo a partir desses materiais hibridos sintetizados, zero-ordem, primeira ordem, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, Peppas e Korsmeyer-Peppas modelos cineticos foram aplicados. Os materiais foram utilizados para a liberacao controlada do farmaco ibuprofeno. Estes tambem foram avaliados quanto a capacidade de remover o corante anionico azul reativo-15 e o corante cationico verde brilhante de solucoes aquosas. As silicas modificadas apresentaram alta capacidade de carregamento do farmaco ibuprofeno e de sorcao seletiva para o corante azul reativo 15. A silica nao modificada, SBA-15, apresentou alta capacidade de remover o corante verde brilhante. As isotermas de equilibrio obtidas foram ajustadas aos modelos de Langmuir, Freundlich e Sips e os dados cineticos foram ajustados aos modelos de pseudo-primeira-ordem e pseudo-segunda-ordem. Os resultados sugerem que os compostos organofuncionalizados de silica podem ser um metodo simples, eficiente, barato e conveniente para a liberacao controlada de farmacos e tambem para a remocao eficaz e seletiva de poluentes orgânicos tais como, corantes em solucoes aquosas. Abstract
Phenomenological analysis of constrained in-plane compression of paperboard using micro-computed tomography Imaging

Abstract Large deformations under in-plane compression of paperboard appear in forming processes like hydroforming, pressforming and deep drawing, but the mechanisms of deformation have not been studied on a micromechanical level. A constrained in-plane compression test is presented. This test allows for in-plane compression, buckling, wrinkling and compaction. The constrained compression test is realized using a DEBEN CT-500 in-situ tester for laboratory microtomography and synchrotron microtomography. Experiments with five different materials spanning from laboratory handsheets to commercially available multi-layered paperboards are performed. Image processing is used to observe the local out-of-plane fiber orientation and compaction. A phenomenological investigation of the deformation behavior of these materials is presented. Delamination is found to be the primary mechanisms of failure in the multi-layered boards. Furthermore, a porous network structure, created by using long and minimally refined softwood fibers, is found to facilitate the formation of uniform wrinkles and compaction.
Potential of Aleppo pine production in north-eastern Tunisia: socio-economic value and cultural importance

ABSTRACT The Aleppo pine is a species of socio-economic value thanks to its seeds called ‘Zgougou’ in Tunisia. The objective of this study is the quantification of the seed production in the Aleppo pine forests in North-eastern Tunisia. The seeds have a socio-economic and cultural role. The results show that seed production can reach 335.4 kg ha−1. The harvesting of Aleppo pine seeds provides employment for the local population in areas where the Aleppo pine flourishes. Reforestation of degraded areas should focus on Aleppo pine for these reasons.
Sustained CPD as an effective approach in the delivery of the incredible years teacher classroom management programme

ABSTRACT The Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management (IYTCM) programme aims to equip teachers with the strategies and skills necessary to promote socio-emotional child development. In Ireland, educational psychologists from the National Educational Psychological Service (NEPS) are involved in the delivery of the IYTCM programme training to primary school teachers. This study sought to ascertain experiences of the continuing professional development (CPD) offered to teachers by NEPS during IYTCM programme dissemination. A qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews was adopted. Data were collected from primary school teachers and educational psychologists. Findings indicate that the sustained CPD, facilitated by NEPS, during programme delivery, presents as an effective approach to teacher CPD and to educational psychology service delivery. The study highlights the importance and efficacy of customising programme delivery, co-constructing behaviour plans and facilitating sustained support. The evaluation considers implications of the findings and possible further developments for this model of working.
Effects of CEO characteristics on the relationship between excess cash holdings and audit effort

ABSTRACT This study examines not only the relationship between a firm’s excess cash holdings and audit effort but also the moderating effects of CEO characteristics on the relationship. Using a sample of non-financial listed Korean companies for 2000–2014, we find that excess cash holdings have a significant positive effect on the external audit effort in terms of audit fees and audit hours. In addition, we find that the effect of excess cash holdings on audit effort is stronger when: (1) the CEO is a non-owner manager, (2) the company belongs to a conglomerate business group and (3) the CEO is in the earlier years of her or his tenure.
Address Term Used By The Instagram Users

The purpose of this research was to analyze the kinds of address terms in media social, especially on Instagram. The researchers used one of David Beckham’s posts as the object of research. This research used (Wardhaugh, 2006) and (Chaika, 1982) theories about kinds of address terms. The researchers used the descriptive qualitative method. The result of this research shows that from seven types of Wardhaugh and Chaika theories, the researchers found seven kinds of address terms that are used by Instagram users on David Beckham’s posts. They were First Name (FN), Last Name (LN), Title (T), Title plus Last Name (TLN), Special Nicknames (SN), Pet Names (PN), and Kindship Terms (KT). The most commonly used by Instagram users is First Name (FN) there were five data, three data in Last Name (LN), two data in Pet Name (PN), two data in Kindship Terms (KT), one data in Title (T), one data in Title plus Last Name (TLN), and one data in Special Nicknames (SN). Keywords: address term, media social, instagram, type