Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study of the Variability and the Separation of the Gulf Stream, Induced by Surface Atmospheric Forcing and Lateral Boundary Flows

Abstract A primitive equation regional model is used to study the effects of surface and lateral forcing on the variability and the climatology of the Gulf Stream system. The model is an eddy-resolving, coastal ocean model that includes thermohaline dynamics and a second-order turbulence closure scheme to provide vertical mixing. The surface forcing consists of wind stroll and beat fluxes obtained from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS). Sensitivity studies am performed by driving the model with different forcing (e.g., annual versus zero surface forcing or monthly versus annual forcing). The model climatology, obtained from a five-year simulation of each case, is then compared to observed climatologies obtained from satellite-derived SST and hydrocast data. The experiments in which surface best flux and wind stress were neglected show less realistic Gulf Stream separation and variability, compared with experiments in which annual or seasonal forcing are used. A similar unrealistic Gulf S.
Ecological Study of Rio de Janeiro City DEN-3 Epidemic, 2001-2002

Dengue virus serotype 3 was introduced in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area in January 2001 which produced a large epidemic during 2001 and 2002. This study looks into the relationship between the urban socioeconomic organization and the dengue attack rate during the epidemic in Ri o. This study uses secondary data published in the data website of the city administration, including variables related to sanitation, use of the city area, tax collection, population density, education, income and life expectancy. The model includes as predictors the proportion of households with a well, the proportion of the available area in the city used for commerce and services in general, the proportion of city taxes collected from industries, the mean per capita income and the residential area per inhabitant, all with a statistical significant level of less than 0.05. The model explains 71% of the attack rate variance. The variables included in the model indicated that dengue distribution in the city was related to people’s socioeconomic status and the city organization. Variables that correlate with the movement of people across towns have emerged as the most significant.
Does Adoption of CAIS differentiate the SMEs Performance: Evidence in Malaysia

: The objective of this study was to examine whether the adoption of Computerized Accounting Information Systems (CAIS) provides higher overall firm performance to the adopter firms as compared to their non-adopters counterparts. This study used a data set of 382 SMEs in Malaysia to test the hypothesis. The analyses of this study were performed using the Smart PLS 2.0 and SPSS version 21.0on 230 CAIS adopters and 152 non-adopters. The result shows that the overall performance of the CAIS adopter’s firm was higher than the non-adopter’s firm thus supported the central premise of Resource-Based View Theory. For the positive impact of CAIS on the firm’s performance, it is hoped that the findings of this study would help the non-adopters to consider using CAIS in the future
Diversity of Binge-Eating Disorder Symptoms Is Associated with Anxiety about Getting Fat Rather Than Body Image: A Clinical Study of Women in Poland

Background: Anxiety about gaining weight is strongly related to body image. Evidence indicates that body dissatisfaction is a strong predictor of eating disorder development. Although not included in DSM-V diagnostic criteria, body image dissatisfaction, and concern are clearly relevant also for individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED). Weight gain anxiety is associated with psychopathological behaviors, but existing research in this area is primarily focused on bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. The goal of this present study was to investigate body image and body mass anxiety in people with BED. Methods: Women diagnosed with BED (n = 105) aged 18 to 66 were surveyed using the questionnaire developed by the authors evaluating the presence of BED symptoms based on DSM-V criteria, and two other instruments: the Body Esteem Scale (BES), and the Body Mass Anxiety Scale (BMAS-20). Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the correlations of BED with body image and body mass anxiety (Pearson’s r), to test differences between groups with greater and lesser BED symptom diversity (Student’s t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test), and to assess differences among mild-, moderate- and severe-BED groups (ANOVA with a post-hoc test). Results: A medium positive relationship was found between anxiety about getting fat (AGF) and the diversity of BED, measured as the number of BED symptoms. A larger number of BED symptoms was shown to be associated with a higher level of AGF. However, no significant differences in AGF levels were observed among BED-severity groups, specified with the frequency of binge eating episodes. No correlations were found between BED and body image. There were also no significant differences in body image between groups with a larger and a smaller number of BED symptoms. The only significant difference in body image observed among BED-severity groups was the level of weight concern. People with mild BED displayed a higher level of weight concern than those with severe BED. Conclusions: Women who binge eat experience high levels of AGF. In the present study, AGF was primarily associated with the number of BED symptoms and not the rate of recurrence of binge-eating episodes. The frequency of BED episodes, however, was linked with weight concern. On the other hand, the hypothesized relationship between disturbed body image and BED was not confirmed. The findings indicate that anxiety about getting fat should be viewed as one of the psychological costs incurred by women experiencing BED symptoms, and it should be mentioned in the next DSM version.
The relationships between large‐scale variations in shear velocity, density, and compressional velocity in the Earth's mantle

A large data set of surface wave phase anomalies, body wave travel times, normal‐mode splitting functions, and long‐period waveforms is used to investigate the scaling between shear velocity, density, and compressional velocity in the Earth's mantle. We introduce a methodology that allows construction of joint models with various levels of scaling complexity (ϱ = d lnρ /d lnvS , ν = d lnvS /d lnvP ), in order to detect seismological signatures of chemical heterogeneity. We demonstrate that the data sets considered cannot be fit concurrently with a uniform ν or a positive and uniform ϱ throughout the mantle. The variance reductions to P wave travel times and vP‐sensitive modes are up to 40% higher with our preferred model of anisotropic shear and compressional velocity than the recent anisotropic shear velocity model S362ANI+M, which was constructed assuming a uniform ν throughout the mantle. Several features reported in earlier tomographic studies persist after the inclusion of new and larger data sets; anticorrelation between bulk sound and shear velocities in the lowermost mantle as well as an increase in ν with depth in the lower mantle are largely independent of the regularization scheme. When correlations between density and shear velocity variations are imposed in the lowermost mantle, variance reductions of several spheroidal and toroidal modes deteriorate by as much as 40%. Recent measurements of the splitting of 0S2, in particular, are largely incompatible with perfectly correlated shear velocity and density heterogeneity throughout the mantle. A way to significantly improve the fits to various data sets is by allowing independent density perturbations in the lowermost mantle. Our preferred joint model consists of denser‐than‐average anomalies (∼1% peak to peak) at the base of the mantle roughly coincident with the low‐velocity superplumes. The relative variation of shear velocity, density, and compressional velocity in our study disfavors a purely thermal contribution to heterogeneity in the lowermost mantle, with implications for the long‐term stability and evolution of superplumes.
Estrutura trófica da Avifauna em oito parques da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

ABSTRACT. AVIFAUNA TROPHIC STRUCTURE IN EIGHT PARKS OF PORTO ALEGRE CITY, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL. The trophic structure of bird communities in the main eight urban parks of Porto Alegre city was studied from June 1998 to June 1999, with a total sampling effort of 106 visits and 644 hours of observation and capture. Among the eight trophic groupings used in this study, the omnivorous and the insectivorous were the most represented ones, encompassing 66% of all registered species in the parks. Approximately the same proportion was observed when the parks were analyzed individually. When the results for the urban parks were compared to information on trophic groups from natural habitats in the metropolitan region, no functional differences were observed, suggesting that Porto Alegre city presents a relatively well conserved bird community, despite the different size and vegetation of the parks. KEY WORDS. bird community, trophic grouping, urban environment. RESUMO. ESTRUTURA TROFICA DA AVIFAUNA DE OITO PARQUES DA CIDADE DE PORTO ALEGRE, RIO GRANDE DO SUL. A estrutura trofica das comunidades de aves nos oito principais parques urbanos da cidade de Porto Alegre foi estudada de junho de 1998 a junho de 1999, com um esforco amostral total de 106 visitas e 644 horas de observacao e captura. Entre os oito agrupamentos troficos utilizados neste estudo, os onivoros e os insetivoros foram os mais representados, englobando 66% do total de especies registradas nos parques. Aproximadamente a mesma proporcao foi observada quando os parques foram analisados individualmente. Quando os resultados para os parques urbanos foram comparados com informacoes sobre grupos troficos de habitats naturais da regiao metropolitana, nao foram observadas diferencas funcionais, sugerindo que a cidade de Porto Alegre apresenta uma comunidade de aves relativamente bem conservada, apesar da diferenca de tamanho e estrutura da vegetacao dos parques. PALAVRAS-CHAVES. agrupamento trofico, ambiente urbano, comunidade de aves.
New technical approach for crossed papillopexy in mitral valve replacement surgery: short term results

OBJECTIVE: To present the crossed papillopexy technique and its initial results in the preservation of papillary muscles in mitral valve replacement and ventricular remodeling surgeries for heart failure (CHF). METHOD: Ten patients, 70% male, with ages between 15 and 75 years old (mean 44.4 ± 18.7 years old), suffering from rheumatic mitral valve disease (50%), mitral valve prolapse (10%) or dilated cardiomyopathy (40%), were studied. After opening the left atrium and adequate exposure of the mitral valve, the anterior leaflet already free of its annulus fixation was centrally divided and each half, with its cordae tendineae complex fixed to the commissure on the opposite side. Following this, mechanical (seven cases) or biological (three cases) prostheses were implanted using single sutures in the valve annuli, with reduction of the mitral valve annulus for better ventricular remodeling in CHF cases. RESULTS: All patients were discharged from hospital in good clinical conditions. Additionally all presented with great improvement in the cardiac performance at the end of the first month of follow-up, with significant reductions in the left ventricular and left atrium systolic diameters (p<0.05) and mean increases in the left ventricle ejection fraction of from 46.7 to 56.4 % (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The crossed papillopexy technique in valve replacement surgeries for mitral valve lesions and CHF presented significant increases in the left ventricular function and improvement of ventricular remodeling in the studied postoperative period.
Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of the Use of Online Examinations in an Open and Distance Learning Environment

This phenomenological study explored undergraduate students’ perceptions of the usefulness and ease of using online examinations in relation to the practicality and security of those who enrolled for Teaching Mathematics in the FET Phase. The perception theory, which outlines positive and negative perceptions, was used to underpin this study. An interpretive paradigm was also used as the study employed a phenomenological qualitative research design. The study generated data from 12 students who participated in semi-structured telephone interviews. The findings of the study revealed both positive and negative perceptions of online examinations. Positive perceptions that made online examination pleasurable were cost saving and saving on travel time, writing at one’s own pace and space, submitting answer sheets online, getting immediate feedback, and writing online and offline. On the other hand, negative perceptions included difficulties in using the Invigilator App, noise pollution, network connectivity, and load shedding. The study suggests that students identify spaces where they can easily access a stable internet network with no noise pollution.
Hamiltonian closures for two-moment fluid models derived from drift-kinetic equations 2 1

We derive the conditions under which the fluid models obtained from the first two moments of Hamiltonian drift-kinetic systems of interest to plasma physics, preserve a Hamiltonian structure. The adopted procedure consists of determining closure relations that allow to truncate the Poisson bracket of the drift-kinetic system, expressed in terms of the moments, in such a way that the resulting operation is a Poisson bracket for functionals of the first two fluid moments. The analysis is carried out for a class of full drift-kinetic equations and also for drift-kinetic systems in which a splitting between an equilibrium distribution function and a perturbation is performed. In the former case we obtain that the only closure, not involving integral or differential operators, that leads to a Poisson bracket, corresponds to that of an ideal adiabatic gas made of molecules possessing one degree of freedom. In the latter case, Hamiltonian closures turn out to be those in which the second moment is a linear combination of the first two moments, which can be seen as a linearization of the Hamiltonian closure of the full drift-kinetic case. A number of weakly-3D Hamiltonian reduced fluid models of interest, for instance for tokamak plasmas, can be derived in this way and, viceversa given a fluid model with a Hamiltonian structure of a certain type, a parent Hamiltonian drift-kinetic model can then be identified. We make use of this correspondence to identify the drift-kinetic models from which Hamiltonian fluid models for magnetic reconnection and compressible plasma dynamics in the presence of a static but inhomogeneous magnetic field can be derived. The Casimir invariants of the Poisson brackets of the derived fluid models are also discussed. It is also shown that the Poisson structure for the fluid model derived from the full drift-kinetic system coincides with that of a reduced fluid model, when using the fluid velocity instead of the momentum as dynamical variable. Hamiltonian closures for two-moment fluid models derived from drift-kinetic equations2
A HOSPITAL BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE AMONG PATIENTS WITH EAR DISCHARGE AT NEWLY ESTABLISHED TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Background: The present study was conducted for evaluating the microbiological profile among patients with ear discharge at newly established tertiary care center. Materials & Methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients with ear discharge were included in the study. Relevant history, regarding patient’s name, age, sex, nature of discharge, duration of ear discharge and any antibiotic treatment taken were noted in the structured proforma. Every patient had sterile ear swabs taken. The samples were then delivered to the microbiology laboratory for processing. Samples were processed in the lab using sterile swabs: one was used for direct microscopic inspection, while the other was used for bacterial isolation by culture. The second swab was used to inoculate a tube of Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) as well as the blood agar and Mac Conkey's agar plates. Identification of bacterial isolates was done using their colony morphology, motility by hanging drop technique, gram staining and a battery of biochemical tests. Results: Gram positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria was seen in 48 percent and 52 percent of the patients. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Diphtheroid was seen in 28 percent, 7 percent, 3 percent and 5 percent of the patients respectively. Among gram negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were seen in 32 percent, 8 percent, 10 percent and 1 percent of the patients respectively. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the leading cause of ear infections.
The Clinical Impact of Death Domain-Associated Protein and Holliday Junction Recognition Protein Expression in Cancer: Unmasking the Driving Forces of Neoplasia

Simple Summary DAXX and HJURP are two proteins implicated in many physiologic processes and are considered important players contributing to the pathogenesis of a multitude of tumors. The aim of the present review of the literature is to retrieve and concisely present the data from studies conducted on human tissues that explored the expression of the aforementioned molecules in various tumor types. The researchers reported the tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing properties of the two proteins, depending on the organ of origin, and correlated their expression with clinicopathological parameters. We report that enough data currently exist designating DAXX and HJURP as important factors in many tumors’ carcinogenesis and that both represent potential biomarkers for diagnosis, estimation of patients’ prognosis, therapy monitoring as well as targets for new therapeutic interventions. Abstract Death domain-associated protein (DAXX) and Holliday junction recognition protein (HJURP) act as chaperones of H3 histone variants H3.3 and centromere protein A (CENPA), respectively, and are implicated in many physiological processes, including aging and epigenetic regulation, by controlling various genes’ transcription and subsequently protein expression. Research has highlighted both these biomolecules as participants in key procedures of tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, chromosome instability, and oncogene expression. As cancer continues to exert a heavy impact on patients’ well-being and bears substantial socioeconomic ramifications, the discovery of novel biomarkers for timely disease detection, estimation of prognosis, and therapy monitoring remains of utmost importance. In the present review, we present data reported from studies investigating DAXX and HJURP expression, either on mRNA or protein level, in human tissue samples from various types of neoplasia. Of note, the expression of DAXX and HJURP has been associated with a multitude of clinicopathological parameters, including disease stage, tumor grade, patients’ overall and disease-free survival, as well as lymphovascular invasion. The data reveal the tumor-promoting properties of DAXX and HJURP in a number of organs as well as their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers and underline the important association between aberrations in their expression and patients’ prognosis, rendering them as possible targets of future, personalized and precise therapeutic interventions.
Understanding food web structure in high-elevation streams of the Teton Range

Climate change is dramatically altering high-elevation streams around the world through the recession of glaciers and other meltwater sources. Rapidly changing hydrological regimes imperil entire communities of mountain stream biodiversity. We have monitored high-elevation streams in the Teton Range since 2015, with a specific focus on understanding how hydrological source variation affects the susceptibility of downstream communities, and the stoneflies Zapada glacier and Lednia tetonica, to climate-induced impacts. We monitor streams fed by three sources – glaciers, snowfields, and subterranean ice (primarily rock glaciers). Streams fed by subterranean ice – “icy seeps” – are predicted to persist on the landscape longer than their surface counterparts due to the inherent thermal buffering of their source ice provided by debris cover. We hypothesize that icy seep communities will be buffered against climate-induced environmental changes and will act as key refugia for cold-adapted communities. In late 2019, the conservation implications of our work were escalated by the listing of one of the key species we study, the stonefly Zapada glacier, under the US Endangered Species Act due to climate-induced habitat loss. In 2020, our first objective was to collect a 6th year of continuous data for core sites and continue investigating longer term signals in the data. For our second objective, we addressed another large gap in contemporary knowledge of high-elevation stream ecology: food web structure. Despite imminent threats to biodiversity in headwater streams, little is known of the basic quantity and quality of basal resources in mountain streams, how these resources vary with stream type, and linkages between feeding groups. Additionally, little is known about the diet or trophic position of Zapada glacier. We will use an array of modern approaches, including stable isotopes and nutrient content analyses, to generate a high-resolution view of food web structure in the high Teton Range. Our results will inform management in the Teton Range while also shedding new light on a standing challenge in mountain stream ecology worldwide. Featured photo by Bonnie Robinson, taken from the UW-NPS photo collection.
Determination of Mercury and Aluminum Concentrations in Aromatic Spices by Direct Mercury Analyzer and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry

: This study was aimed to determine the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and aluminum (Al) in aromatic spices widely consumed in Pakistan and worldwide. The Hg contents were analyzed by furnace-gold amalgation direct mercury analyzer (DMA) while Al was determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The applied analytical techniques were validated by sensitivity, linearity, precision, spiking and analyzing Standard Reference Material, Spinach Leaves (NIST-1570a), obtaining satisfactory results in all cases. Concentrations of total mercury ranged from 4.44 ppm (turmeric) to 32.39 (cinnamon) while Al values varied from 48.70 ppm (cumin) to 1447 ppm (mango powder). In general contents of both Hg and Al were in accordance to the published literatures around the world on spices and very low compared to PTWIs specified by JECFA and EC. Their contribution to the overall intake by the subject aromatic spices was found very low and thus would not pose any threat to consumers