Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strain-rate effects on the energy absorption capability of crash boxes with different geometry

The front beam of vehicle body is the most important component for energy dissipation during frontal crash. It must dissipate most of the kinetic energy of the vehicle in a stable, controlled and uniform crushing process. The optimal design of a front beam, always represented by a simple thin shell prismatic column, must keep into account various design parameters such as column section, sheet thickness, and material properties including the strain rate effect. The proposed work is about the analysis of strain-rate effects on the axial crush of simple spot-welded columns having different geometric configurations. Materials are steels used in the automotive industry. Axial impact is analysed in a speed range from 0.5 mm/s up to 10 m/s, with axial loads up to 100 kN. Measured loads during crush are used to evaluate the influencing parameters, together with energy absorption indicators. Strain-rate effects on components are then evaluated comparing strain-rate influence on the material as examined in previous works.
BPIFB 1 ( LPLUNC 1 ) is upregulated in cystic fibrosis lung disease

Although the biology the PLUNC (recently renamed BPI fold, BPIF) family of secreted proteins is poorly understood, multiple array based studies have suggested that some are differentially expressed in lung diseases. We have examined the expression of BPIFB1 (LPLUNC1), the prototypic two-domain containing family member, in lungs from CF patients and in mouse models of CF lung disease. BPIFB1 was localized in CF lung samples along with BPIFA1, MUC5AC, CD68 and NE and directly compared to histologically normal lung tissues and that of bacterial pneumonia. We generated novel antibodies to mouse BPIF proteins to conduct similar studies on ENaC transgenic (ENaC-Tg) mice, a model for CF-like lung disease. Small airways in CF demonstrated marked epithelial staining of BPIFB1 in goblet cells but staining was absent from alveolar regions. BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 were not co-localised in the diseased lungs. In ENaC-Tg mice there was strong staining of both proteins in the airways and luminal contents. This was most marked for BPIFB1 and was noted within 2 weeks of birth. The two proteins were present in distinct cells within epithelium. BPIFB1 was readily detected in BAL from ENaC-Tg mice but was absent from wild-type mice. Alterations in the expression of BPIF proteins is associated with CF lung disease in humans and mice. It is unclear if this elevation of protein production, which results from phenotypic alteration of the cells within the diseased epithelium, plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00418-012-0990-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. L. Bingle Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK K. Wilson M. Musa B. Araujo C. D. Bingle (&) Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK e-mail: c.d. bingle@sheffield.ac. uk M. Musa Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia B. Araujo T. Mauad Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil D. Rassl Department of Pathology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK W. A. Wallace Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK E. E. LeClair Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA Z. Zhou M. A. Mall Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Z. Zhou M. A. Mall Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 123 Histochem Cell Biol DOI 10.1007/s00418-012-0990-8
Infrastructural and human factors affecting safety outcomes of cyclists

The increasing number of registered road crashes involving cyclists during the last decade and the high proportion of road crashes resulting in severe injuries and fatalities among cyclists constitutes a global issue for community health, urban development and sustainability. Nowadays, the incidence of many risk factors for road crashes of cyclists remains largely unexplained. Given the importance of this issue, the present study has been conducted with the aim of determining relationships between infrastructural, human factors and safety outcomes of cyclists. Objectives: This study aimed, first, to examine the relationship between key infrastructural and human factors present in cycling, bicycle-user characteristics and their self-reported experience with road crashes. And second, to determine whether a set of key infrastructural and human factors may predict their self-reported road crashes. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a total of 1064 cyclists (38.8% women, 61.2% men; M = 32.8 years of age) from 20 different countries across Europe, South America and North America, participated in an online survey composed of four sections: demographic data and cycling-related factors, human factors, perceptions on infrastructural factors and road crashes suffered. Results: The results of this study showed significant associations between human factors, infrastructural conditions and self-reported road crashes. Also, a logistic regression model found that self-reported road crashes of cyclists could be predicted through variables such as age, riding intensity, risky behaviours and problematic user/infrastructure interactions. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that self-reported road crashes of cyclists are influenced by features related to the user and their interaction with infrastructural characteristics of the road.
An investigation of a method for track decay rate measurement using train pass-bys

The decay rate of rail vibration as a function of the distance from the excitation source is a key factor determining the general rolling noise contribution from the rail. A higher decay rate results in a shorter effective rail radiating length and therefore less noise emission from the rail. For the purpose of estimating rail noise radiation and evaluating the effectiveness of rail damping measures, the decay rate has to be determined accurately. The conventional impact hammer approach requires several hours of on-track time and normally manual data processing. An alternative method by using a passing train as the source of excitation requires track access to attach the sensors only and data processing can be automated. Results from the two methods have been compared for two elevated track situations. It was discovered that there was significant variation between the results obtained from the two methods. The reasons for the discrepancies may include the effect on the damping characteristics of the rail fastening system of the train’s presence. The train pass-by method shows a good consistency over different train pass-bys.
A Process for the Development and Application of Simulation Models in Applied Economics

Simulation models are widely used in applied economics to improve understanding of how a system could behave under different conditions. However, the potential degree to which such models can influence decision making depends on their ability to provide an adequate description of the important elements of a given problem. A systematic and robust procedure for the development and application of such models in agricultural, ecological, environmental and natural resource economics is presented. This process is based on the authors’ experience across a broad range of model types and applications and extensive literature review. The practical impact of simulation models is argued to be greater where stakeholders and technical experts are consulted extensively throughout the modelling process.
ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF SENNA (CASSIA ANGUSTIFOLIA VAHL.) ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING CHARACTERS OF SOME MAJOR CEREAL CROPS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED GRASSY WEEDS

Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) locally known as Sana Makki , an important medicinal plant, was investigated for its allelopathic potential against four major cereal crops i.e., maize, rice, sorghum and wheat as well as their associated grassy weeds viz., Avena fatua, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Echinocloa colona, Phalaris minor and Sorghum halepense. Senna was employed as plant extract, mulch and soil incorporation along with control. Data on germination percentage (%), shoot length (mm), root length (mm), shoot fresh weight (g), root fresh weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), root dry weight (g) and number of leaves was recorded as measures of its allelopathic potential on these crops and their associated weeds. All senna treatments invariably affected germination and seedling growth characters of all crops and weed species under test. However, a remarkably pronounced effect was observed in senna-Avena fatua and senna-wheat interactions in which mulching of senna drastically reduced the germination of Avena fatua to 11% over control alongwith promoting all seedling growth characters of wheat crop. Hence, allelopathic potential of senna can be successfully employed to combat an invasive weed of wheat while at the same time mitigating the ill-effects of herbicidal use on economy, health and environment.
Electric field measurements in a nanosecond pulse discharge in atmospheric air Marien

The paper presents the results of temporally and spatially resolved electric field measurements in a nanosecond pulse discharge in atmospheric air, sustained between a razor edge highvoltage electrode and a plane grounded electrode covered by a thin dielectric plate. The electric field is measured by picosecond four-wave mixing in a collinear phase-matching geometry, with time resolution of approximately 2 ns, using an absolute calibration provided by measurements of a known electrostatic electric field. The results demonstrate electric field offset on the discharge center plane before the discharge pulse due to surface charge accumulation on the dielectric from the weaker, opposite polarity pre-pulse. During the discharge pulse, the electric field follows the applied voltage until ‘forward’ breakdown occurs, after which the field in the plasma is significantly reduced due to charge separation. When the applied voltage is reduced, the field in the plasma reverses direction and increases again, until the weak ‘reverse’ breakdown occurs, producing a secondary transient reduction in the electric field. After the pulse, the field is gradually reduced on a microsecond time scale, likely due to residual surface charge neutralization by transport of opposite polarity charges from the plasma. Spatially resolved electric field measurements show that the discharge develops as a surface ionization wave. Significant surface charge accumulation on the dielectric surface is detected near the end of the discharge pulse. Spatially resolved measurements of electric field vector components demonstrate that the vertical electric field in the surface ionization wave peaks ahead of the horizontal electric field. Behind the wave, the vertical field remains low, near the detection limit, while the horizontal field is gradually reduced to near the detection limit at the discharge center plane. These results are consistent with time-resolved measurements of electric field components, which also indicate that vertical electric field reverses direction after the ionization wave.
A comparative study of Lg wave attenuation in the Arunachal Himalaya and Mishmi Massif and the Indo-Burman Ranges of northeast India

The study encompasses two tectonically active areas of northeast India viz. the Arunachal Himalaya and Mishmi Massif and the Indo-Burman Ranges (IBR). The former is governed by collisional tectonics of the Himalayas and the latter by the subduction tectonics. This work aims at looking into the characteristics of Lg wave attenuation for earthquakes sourced in these two tectonic domains. The regional average of QLg was computed for both the study areas by using the method given by Ottemöler et al. (2002). It is found that both the study areas are tectonically active and attenuation of Lg is governed by frequency which is indicative of scattering attenuation. But then, IBR is relatively less attenuative than the Arunachal Himalayas and the Mishmi Massif, given the low value of Qo for the latter.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency , Crop Productivity and Environmental Impacts of Urea Deep Placement in Lowland Rice Fields

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is critical for cereal production; however, its low use efficiency poses both economic and environmental concerns. Urea deep placement (UDP) in lowland rice fields is one of the best currently applicable management techniques to increase N use efficiency (NUE) and crop productivity. Multi-location experiments conducted in Bangladesh in 2014-2015 have demonstrated several benefits of UDP use including reduced N losses through ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions. Nitrogen loss as N2O and NO emissions were measured continuously throughout rice-growing and fallow seasons using an automated gas sampling and analysis system. Across the years and sites, UDP increased yield on average by 21% as compared to broadcast urea while using at least 25% less fertilizer. UDP reduced floodwater ammonium and ammonia volatilization similar to the control (N0) treatment, while both were significantly higher in broadcast urea treatments. UDP reduced N2O emissions by up to 80% as compared to broadcast urea under continuous flooded (CF) conditions. The effects of UDP on N2O emissions under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation practices were site specific: depending on the duration and intensity of soil drying, emissions were reduced under mild soil drying but increased with more intense soil drying. These results confirm that UDP not only increases NUE and grain yields but also reduces negative environmental impacts including N2O emissions.
Global Modelling of Heterogeneous Chemistry on Mineral Aerosol Surfaces : The Influence on Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry and Comparison to Observations

Mineral aerosols can affect gas phase chemistry in the troposphere by providing reactive sites for heterogeneous reactions. We present here a global modelling study of the influence of mineral dust on the tropospheric photochemical cycle. This work is part of the MINATROC project, which focussed on measurement campaigns, laboratory experiments and integrative modelling. The laboratory experiments provide uptake coefficients for chemical species on mineral aerosol surfaces, which are used to compute the heterogeneous reaction rates in the model. The field measurements at Mt. Cimone, Northern Italy, provide trace gas and aerosol measurements during a Saharan dust episode and are used to evaluate the model. The simulations include the reactions between mineral dust aerosols and the gas-phase species, O3, HNO3, NO3 and N2O5. Under the conditions for the year 2000, the model simulates a decrease in global tropospheric ozone mass by about 5 % due to the heterogeneous reactions on dust aerosols. The most important heterogeneous reaction is the uptake of HNO3 on the dust surface. The comparison of the model results to observations indicates that the model simulates well the aerosol mass transported into the Mediterranean during the dust events, and the arrival of all major dust events that were observed during a 7 month period. The decrease in ozone concentration during dust events is better simulated by the model when the heterogeneous reactions are included. D R A F T October 1, 2003, 10:20am D R A F T
Ground State thermodynamic and response properties of electron gas in a strong magnetic and electric field: Exact analytical solutions for a conventional semiconductor and for Graphene

Consequences of an exceedingly strong electric field (E field) on the ground state energetics and transport properties of a 2D spinless electron gas in a perpendicular magnetic field (a Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) configuration) are investigated to all orders in the fields. For a conventional semiconductor, we find fractional values of the Hall conductivity and some magnetoelectric coefficients for certain values of E and B fields that do not result from interactions or impurities, but are a pure consequence of a strong enough in-plane E field. We also determine analytically the ground state energy, and response properties such as magnetization and polarization as functions of the electromagnetic field in the strong E field limit. In the case of Graphene, we obtain more complex behaviors leading to the possibility of irrational Hall values. The results are also qualitatively discussed in connection to various mechanisms for the QHE-breakdown.
STRUCTURE AND STRENGTH CAST HIGH ALUMINUM AND MANGANESE OF IRON ALLOYS WITH A HIGH CARBON CONTENT

Metallographic methods, X-ray diffraction and magnetometric analysis, hardness measurement, analysis diagrams of phase-rule diagrams and hot compression tests were used for the investigation of the Fe + (12,7 – 25,6)% Mn + (0 – 14,4)% Al + (0,02 – 2,18)% C + (0,001 – 0,135)% N alloys structure and properties and for the assessment of the as-cast alloys strength and deformability.
WP£YW WYSI£KU FIZYCZNEGO NA WYBRANE PARAMETRY GOSPODARKI ̄ELAZEM U HOKEISTÓW NA TRAWIE INFLUENCE OF EXERCISE ON SELECTED PARAMETERS OF IRON METABOLISM ON FIELD HOCKEY PLAYERS ORGANISMS

Tomasz Podgórski, Jan Konarski, Jakub Kryœciak, Katarzyna Domaszewska, Maciej Pawlak 1 Zak3ad Biochemii, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, Poznañ 2 Zak3ad Teorii Sportu, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, Poznañ 3 Zak3ad Fizjologii, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, Poznañ 1 Department of Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education in Poznañ 2 Department of the Theoriy of Sport, University School of Physical Education in Poznañ 3 Department of Physiologyi, University School of Physical Education in Poznañ
Introduction to Emulsion Technology, Emulsifiers and Stability

An emulsion is a dispersed system consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases. The dispersed liquid is usually in the form of droplets and is referred to as the dispersed, discontinuous, or internal phase. The liquid surrounding these droplets is the continuous or external phase (McClements, 2015). These dispersions can be of two main formats, oil-inwater (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o); most food systems are o/w emulsions, such as milk, soup, or salad dressing, but there are some instances of w/o, such as margarine or butter (Dickinson, 1999; Widlak, Hartel, & Narine, 2001). Although not as commonly utilised, multiple emulsions can be prepared that are composed of larger droplets that contain another dispersed phase such as oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o), or vice versa (w/o/w; Fig 1.1). These can be used for controlled release or to protect certain ingredients, such as probiotics (Akoh & Min, 2008).
Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Observational Cohort Study with Propensity Score Matching

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with several complications and mortality in acutely ill patients. For patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), the association between COPD and clinical outcomes remains unclear. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed consecutive aSAH patients admitted to the West China Hospital between 2009 and 2019. Propensity score matching was performed to obtain the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI. The primary outcome was in hospital mortality. Results: Using a ten-year clinical database from a large university medical center, 5643 patients with aSAH were identi�ed, of whom 377 (7.9%) also had COPD. After matching, 289 patients were included in COPD group and 1156 in non-COPD groups. COPD was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.02-2.62) and poor functional outcome at discharge (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04-1.80). Similarly, patients with COPD had signi�cantly longer length of hospital stay, higher odds of seizure (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.04-4.04), pneumonia (OR 3.10, 95% CI 2.38-4.04), intracranial infection (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.14-2.29), urinary tract infection (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16-2.20) and bloodstream infection(OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.74-6.15). Conclusions: Among aSAH patients, COPD is associated with increased mortality. COPD represents a signi�cant risk factor for pneumonia and seizure.
Analysis of the pressure drop calculation method impact on the accuracy of the experimental results in the Koflo® static mixer

Nowadays, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques are modern tools commonly used by engineers as so as manufacturers and project designers. They allow for the reduction of the designing time and what is more important, they contribute to the relieving of investment costs. However, numerical models require validation on the basis of experimental data. Otherwise, their value is considerably lower because they are not supported by the real terms [Ansys Inc., 2013]. That is why, the developed Koflo static mixer numerical model (described fully in the previous paper [Stec and Synowiec, 2015] used for pressure drop predictions during one-phase turbulent flow was verified in addition to obtained experimental data performed on a specially designed laboratory setup.
Trace theorems for holomorphic semigroups and the second order Cauchy problem

We use the theory of boundary values (also called traces) of holomorphic semigroups as developed by Boyadzhiev-deLaubenfels (1993) and El-Mennaoui (1992) to study the second order Cauchy problem for certain generators of holomorphic semigroups. Our results contain in particular the result of Hieber (Math. Ann. 291 (1991), 1–16) for the Laplace operator on Lp(RN ).
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE DIFFUSION EQUATION FOR OXYGEN DIFFUSION IN SOIL

By solving the diffusion equation using the explicit finite difference method, oxygen concentrations inside the soil are determined for various periods of time. Two different cases are investigated, with constant and daily changing air oxygen concentrations. It was concluded that the influence of the periodical change of the air oxygen concentration on the oxygen concentration in the soil was more pronounced for smaller diffusion times at smaller lengths of the soil profile.
Tilburg University Weathering product-harm crises

To counter the negative effects of a product-harm crisis, brands hope to capitalize on their equity, and often use advertising as a communication device to regain customers’ lost trust. We study how consumer characteristics and advertising influence consumers’ first-purchase decisions for two affected brands of peanut butter following a severe Australian product-harm crisis. Both pre-crisis loyalty and familiarity are found to form an important buffer against the product-harm crisis, although this resilience decreases over time. Also heavy users tend to purchase the affected brands sooner, unless their usage rate decreased significantly during the crisis. Brand advertising was found to be effective for the stronger brand, but not for the weaker brand.