Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Terbinafine at a Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrode Modified with Polypyrrole and γ-Cyclodextrin by Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV)

Abstract This work involved the determination of the antifungal agent, terbinafine (TR) using a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) that was modified with polypyrrole in the presence of cyclodextrin. The obtained modified layer was overoxidized and was used to develop a novel, sensitive method for terbinafine. Scan rate measurements confirmed the diffusion character of the recorded currents. Terbinafine was irreversibly oxidized, producing a well-defined peak at +1.05 V (versus the saturated calomel electrode) in Britton–Robinson (B–R) buffer at pH 6.09. Square wave voltammetry was employed to study the relationship between current and terbinafine concentration in the optimized conditions. A linear range for terbinafine determination was obtained between 7.04 × 10−8 and 9.09 × 10−7 mol/L with a limit of detection of 2.11 × 10−8 mol/L and good repeatability (2.56%, n = 6 measurements, at 3.7 × 10−7 mol/L). The procedure was employed to determine terbinafine in pharmaceutical preparations. The recovery values between 97.37 and 102.16% demonstrate the accuracy of the developed protocol.
Multi-Mechanistic and Therapeutic Exploration of Nephroprotective Effect of Traditional Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Using In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches

Based on traditional therapeutic claims, NEERI KFT (a traditional Ayurvedic polyherbal preparation) has been innovatively developed in recent time on the decades of experience for treating kidney dysfunction. Due to the lack of scientific evidence, the present investigations are needed to support the rationale use of NEERI KFT. Considering the facts, the study investigated the nephroprotective effect of NEERI KFT against kidney dysfunction using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. In this study, phytochemical and network pharmacology studies were performed for the developed formulation to evaluate the molecular mechanism of NEERI KFT in the amelioration of kidney disease. In vitro nephroprotective and antioxidant effect of NEERI KFT was determined on HEK 293 cells against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. In vivo nephroprotective effect of NEERI KFT was determined against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats, via assessing biochemical markers, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, CASP-3, etc. The results showed that the compounds such as gallic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid are the major constituents of NEERI KFT, while network pharmacology analysis indicated a strong interaction between polyphenols and several genes (CASPs, ILs, AGTR1, AKT, ACE2, SOD1, etc.) involved in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. In vivo studies showed a significant (p < 0.05) ameliorative effect on biochemical markers and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH, etc.), and regulates inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, CASP-3) expression in kidney tissue. Hence, it can be concluded that NEERI KFT subsequently alleviates renal dysfunction mediated by cisplatin via attenuating oxidative and inflammatory stress, thus preserving the normalcy of kidney function.
The nature of the BL Lacertae object AO 0235 + 164

Emission features in the optical spectrum of the highly variable BL Lac object AO 0235 + 164 have been detected which are identified as Mg II, forbidden Ne V, and forbidden O II at a redshift of 0.9399, consistent with a cosmological interpretation of the two absorption systems at z = 0.524 and z = 0.851. The spectrum also shows emission features associated with the z = 0.524 system at a projected separation of 20 kpc from the apparent central concentration of the material producing that absorption. This implies a highly extended and very luminous line-emitting region for the material at z = 0.524. A comparison of the new data with previous spectroscopic observations of the BL Lac object when it was faint suggests that the Mg II emission may be variable on a time scale of approximately 2 yr. 45 references.
A tenuous X‐ray corona enveloping AE Aquarii

In this paper we propose that the observed unpulsed X-ray emission in AE Aquarii is the result of a very tenuous hot corona associated with the secondary star, which is pumped magnetohydrodynamically by the propeller action of the fast rotating white dwarf. It is shown that the closed coronal field of the secondary star envelops a substantial portion of the binary system, including the fast rotating magnetized white dwarf. This implies that the propeller outflow of material in AE Aquarii is initiated inside an enveloping magnetic cavity. The outflow crossing the secondary dead-zone field constitutes a β gen = (8πρv 2 /B 2 ) � 1 plasma, acting as a magnetohydrodynamic generator resulting in the induction of field-aligned currents in these closed magnetospheric circuits where βcir = (8πnkT/B 2 ) � 1. The Ohmic heating of the coronal circuit can readily account for a Tx � 10 7 K plasma in the coronal flux tubes connecting the generator and the stellar surface. Further, the bremsstrahlung losses of the thermal electrons in the coronal circuit can readily drive the observed unpulsed X-ray luminosity of L x ∼ 10 31 erg s −1 , which correlates with the luminosity and relatively large source implied by recent
Statistical Properties of Magnetic Activity in the Solar Corona

The long-time statistical behavior of a two-dimensional section of a coronal loop subject to random magnetic forcing is presented. The highly intermittent nature of dissipation is revealed by means of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence numerical simulations. Even with a moderate magnetic Reynolds number, intermittency is clearly present in both space and time. The response of the loop to the random forcing, as described either by the time series of the average and maximum energy dissipation or by its spatial distribution at a given time, displays a Gaussian noise component that may be subtracted to define discrete dissipative events. Distribution functions of both maximum and average current dissipation, for the total energy content, the peak activity, and the duration of such events are all shown to display robust scaling laws, with scaling indices δ that vary from δ ≃ -1.3 to δ ≃ -2.8 for the temporal distribution functions, while δ ≃ -2.6 for the overall spatial distribution of dissipative events.
Analysis of the body structure of Djallonke sheep using a multideterminant approach

This study aimed at using a multivariate approach to describe the body structure of Djallonke sheep in northern Ghana and to determine which approach explains better the variation in body composition. Live weight (LW) and linear body measurements including heart girth (HG), neck girth (NG), chest depth (CD), height at withers (HW), rump height (RH), body length (BL) and pin-bone width (PBW) were obtained from 172 sheep aged between two and three years. The fixed effects of sex and age were tested using the general linear model (GLM) while the Nearest Neighbor method of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was used to group body traits into clusters. Principal Component Factor Analysis was used to describe the variation in body traits where extracted factors were varimax rotated to enhance interpretability. The analysis of variance revealed significant (P 0.05). Age had no significant influence (P > 0.05) on the body traits. The sheep weighed 26.92 ± 0.89 kg averagely and had averages of other body measurements to be: 71.74 ± 1.23, 40.52 ± 0.79, 27.73 ± 0.52, 60.72 ± 0.86, 59.61 ± 0.87, 58.87 ± 1.06 and 12.81 ± 0.23 cm for HG, NG, CD, HW, RH, BL and PBW, respectively. The product moments of correlation were positive and significant (P < 0.05, 0.01; r = 0.18–0.99) for all pairs of traits. The body traits were categorized mainly into two clusters with the first cluster comprising the HG, HW, RH and BL while NG, CD and PBW formed the second cluster. The grouping of the traits was slightly different in Factor analysis where two underlying principal components (PC) were extracted to discern the variance structure of the Djallonke sheep. The first principal component which consisted of CD, HW, RH, BL and PBW explained 61.26 percent and the second, 12.92 percent thereby giving a maximum of 74.17 percent generalized variance in body measurements. The traits loaded on the first principal component are closely associated with bone growth hence describing the general body size conformation while the traits (HG and NG) on the second component seem to describe only the thoracic region. It can be concluded that both the Hierarchical Cluster analysis and the Factor analysis grouped body traits similarly but the later is to be recommended because of the additional ability of indicating the amount of variation explained by the developed factors.
Neighboring extremal nonlinear model predictive control of a rigid body on SO(3)

Abstract The issue of implementing nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) on mechanical systems evolving on special orthogonal group (SO(3)) is taken into consideration in the first place. Necessary conditions of optimality are extracted based on Lie group variational integrators, leading to a two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP) which is solved using sensitivity derivatives and indirect shooting methods. Fast Newton-like methods referred to as fast solvers which are commonly used to solve the TPBVP are established based on the repetition of a nonlinear process. The numerical schemes employed to alleviate the computation burden consist of eliminating some constraint-related but non-essential terms in the trend of sensitivity derivatives calculation and for solving the TPBVP equations. As another claim, assuming that a first attempt to resolve the NMPC problem is accessible, the problem subjected to some changes in its initial conditions (due to some re-planning schemes) can be resolved cost-effectively based on it. Instead of solving the whole optimization process from the scratch, the optimal control inputs and states of the system are updated based on the neighboring extremal (NE) method. For this purpose, two approaches are considered: applying NE method on the first solution that leads to a neighboring optimal solution, or assisting this latter by updating the NMPC-related optimization using exact TPBVP equations at some predefined intermediate steps. It is shown through an example that the first method is not accurate enough due to error accumulations. In contrast, the second method preserves the accuracy while reducing the computation time significantly.
The Effectiveness of Antiplatelet Therapy and the Factors Influencing It in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and Objectives: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is essential in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antiplatelet medication in our practice and to investigate the factors that influence it. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort observational study was conducted, in which 193 patients with ACS were enrolled. The patients were stented in the catheterization laboratory between May 2019 and October 2020, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and were receiving DAPT. Their platelet functions were tested using a Multiplate Analyzer. In addition to this, clinical data, demographics, laboratory tests, and cardiovascular risk factors were also analyzed. Results: 43.46% of the patients treated with aspirin were found to be resistant to it. This phenomenon was more common in men (48.17% vs. 31.48%, p = 0.036), and it was associated with being under the age of 50 (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.11–3.90) and weighing over 70 kg (OR: 3.00; 95% CI: 1.21–7.40). Most of the patients treated with clopidogrel were in the optimal treatment window, while about half of the patients treated with ticagrelor had an exaggerated pharmacological response. Among the laboratory parameters, leukocytosis and platelet count were found to be determinants of platelet reactivity for both the aspirin and ticagrelor treatments. Conclusions: Many patients treated with antiplatelet agents are outside of the treatment window. The results obtained showed that low doses of gastro-resistant aspirin tablets are ineffective, and their efficacy can be influenced by various clinical and laboratory factors. Patients receiving ticagrelor have significantly reduced platelet reactivity, influenced only by certain laboratory indicators. The pandemic significantly influenced the results of the platelet aggregation tests only in patients treated with clopidogrel.
Interface velocity of laser shocked Fe/LiF targets

The interface velocity of iron partially releasing into a lithium fluoride (LiF) window has been measured using VISAR technique. Corrections to the fringe-per-velocity relationship are presented. A good agreement with hydrodynamic simulations is found at laser intensities <2×1013 W/cm2. For higher intensities, velocities appear to be lower than the numerical predictions. A strong modification of compressed LiF index of refraction behavior might explain such a discrepancy.
COEFFICIENT DISCS AND GENERALIZED CENTRAL FUNCTIONS FOR THE CLASS OF CONCAVE SCHLICHT FUNCTIONS

Abstract. We consider functions that map the open unit disc confor-mally onto the complement of an unbounded convex set with openingangle πα, α ∈(1,2], at inﬁnity. We derive the exact interval for the vari-ability of the real Taylor coeﬃcients of these functions and we prove thatthe corresponding complex Taylor coeﬃcients of such functions are con-tained in certain discs lying in the right half plane. In addition, we alsodetermine generalized central functions for the aforesaid class of functions. 1. IntroductionLet A be the class of functions f holomorphic in the unit disc D = {z : |z| <1}, where they have a Taylor expansion at the origin of the following form(1.1) f(z) = z +X ∞n=2 a n (f)z n , z ∈ D.We deﬁne Co(α), α ∈ (1,2], as the family of functions f ∈ A such that theysatisfy the following conditions:(i) the functions f ∈ Co(α) are univalent in D,(ii) the set C\ f(D) is convex and the opening angle of f(D) at inﬁnitydoes not exceed πα, α ∈ (1,2],(iii) f(1) = ∞. We call such functions concave univalent functions with opening angle πα atinﬁnity and we refer to the articles [1, 2, 4, 5] for a detailed discussion on func-tions in this class. We now recall the following characterization for functionsin Co(α) (compare [2, Theorem 2]):
Comments on “The beneficial role of electrochemotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer – radiological perspective”

We read with interest the article from Dr. Kozak and colleagues in “Polish Journal of Radiology” [1], in which they assessed irreversible electroporation (IRE) as an interesting tool in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). We congratulate the authors on their accuracy in data presentation about IRE in LAPC reporting recently published manuscripts [2-4]. However, we would like to clarify several data and report some recent results on electrochemotherapy in LAPC. Reversible and irreversible electroporation are 2 different modalities to apply an electric field with the aim of permeabilising the cell membrane and obtaining a different effect: in the first case, the transient permeabilization of cell membrane facilitates drug delivery; in the second case, the cell membrane permeabilized irreversibly will subsequently undergo cell death. Therefore, the correct use of the term “electrochemotherapy” (ECT) is associated with a combination therapy based on electric pulses and drugs, i.e. a combined low-dose of chemotherapeutic drugs with an electrical field that determines a transient increase of cell permeability (reversible electroporation), allowing uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumour, using low doses and reducing the cytotoxic effects [4,5]. Therefore, in contrast to what was reported Dr Kozak and colleagues [1], IRE cannot be defined with the term of ECT, and, although both IRE and ECT can be safely used to treat LAPC patients, these techniques are profoundly different [6-10]. Some authors have evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of electrochemotherapy on deep tumours [6-18]. In our previous study we showed that electrochemotherapy on pancreatic tumours can be performed safely and feasibly [6]. No side effects or major complications, no clinically relevant elevation of amylase and lipase levels, and no evidence of clinical pancreatitis were observed in the LAPC patients treated with ECT. Although it has been shown that ECT is a promising technique for cancer treatment, there is still the problem of how to assess treated tumour response. ECT potentiates the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy, and therefore the Choi criteria would appear to be more suitable for early treatment evaluation [8]. We demonstrated that local disease control (partial response) obtained according to Choi criteria was obtained in 18/18 (100.0%) patients treated with ECT [8]. In conclusion, we believe that the readers of “Polish Journal of Radiology” should know that the term IRE should not be confused with the term electrochemotherapy, which is reserved for a combination of low doses of chemotherapeutic drugs with an electrical field that determines a transient increase of cell permeability (reversible electroporation) [13-18].
Viking 1 electron observations at Mars

The Viking retarding potential analyzer (RPA) flown to Mars in 1976 had negative retarding potential sweeps in addition to the positive ion sweeps. An analysis of the electron mode sweeps made in Viking 1 above the ionosphere is presented here. A spectrum covering the range 0 to {minus}78 V was recorded in 1 s. and electron observations were made at intervals of 4 or 8 s. The derived electron concentrations and temperatures in the solar wind are lower than the generally accepted values, but the maximum electron pressures derived above the ionosphere are about as high as can be expected for generally accepted solar wind values. Except in the highly variable or turbulent region from about 2500 km down to 500 km, the scans show a high degree of consistency from scan to scan. The initial concentrations near 15,000 km were slightly less than 1 cm{sup {minus}3} characterized by a temperature of about 40,000 K, plus what is interpreted as a backstreaming component from the planetary shock of about 0.1 cm{sup {minus}3} at about 250,000 K. The shock appeared to be quasi-parallel, as there was no evidence of a sharp transition anywhere near the expected shock position; it appears thatmore » the shock transition region extended from about 3,500 down to 850 km. The hottest region was near 850 km, where there is clear evidence of an electron component too hot for the RPA to measure; it produced abundant secondary emission and is assumed to be characterized by energies of about 200 eV so as to be efficient in the production of secondaries. The electron concentrations there averaged about 30 cm{sup {minus}3}. « less
The mass loading effect on lightweight cantilever mode frequency measurement by optical fiber sensor

Dynamic response of lightweight structures is affected by the mass of a transducer. The additional mass of the transducer is defined as a mass loading for the system, which is comparable to the weight of the structures, such as composites and thin cantilever beam/bar. In this paper, we measure the bending and torsion mode frequencies with and without mass loading to the lightweight structures by using lightweight optical fiber sensor (OFS) and conventional accelerometer. The frequency difference is verified by the finite element method using ANSYS software. The OFS, benefited to its lightweight, has shown the advantage of measuring vibration frequency accurately without affecting the dynamic response of the structure.
Strongly Nonlinear Generalized Equations

We study a class of generalized equations which includes as a special case various classes of quasi variational inequalities introduced by Noor, Isac, Siddiqi, and Ansari. Such problems occur in mathematical programming and in various other branches of pure and applied mathematics. We also propose two iterative schemes for the numerical solution of the problems considered.
The motion of two-dimensional vortex pairs in a ground effect

A new technique for generating a pair of line vortices in the laboratory has been developed. The mean flow of these vortices is highly two-dimensional, although most of the flow field is turbulent. This two-dimensionality permits the study of vortex motions in the absence of the Crow mutual induction instability and other three-dimensional effects. The vortices are generated in a water tank of dimensions 15 × 122 × 244 cm. They propagate vertically and their axes span the 15 cm width of the tank. One wall of the tank is transparent, and the flow is visualized using fluorescein dye. High speed photography is used to study both the transition to turbulence during the vortex formation process and the interaction of the turbulent vortices with a simulated ground plane. Transition occurs first in an annular region surrounding the core of each vortex, starting with a shear-layer instability on the rolled-up vortex sheet. The turbulent region then grows both radially inwards and radially outwards until the entire recirculation cell is turbulent. A ‘relaminarization’ of the vortex core appears to take place somewhat later. The interaction of the vortex pair with the ground plane does not follow the predictions of potential-flow theory for line vortices. Although the total circulation is apparently conserved, the vortices remain at a larger distance from the ground than is expected and eventually ‘rebound’ or move away from the ground. Differences between a free-surface boundary condition and a smooth or rough ground plane are discussed. The ground-plane interaction is qualitatively very similar to that of aircraft trailing vortices observed in recent flight tests.
Configurations of surfaces in 4-manifolds

We consider collections of surfaces { F,} smoothly embedded, except for a finite number of isolated singularities, self-intersections, and mutual intersections, in a 4-manifold M. A small 3-sphere about each exceptional point will intersect these surfaces in a link. If [Fi] E H2(M) are linearly dependent modulo a prime power, we find lower bounds for I genus (Fi) in terms of the [F;], and invariants of the links that describe the exceptional points. 0. Introduction. The following special case of our main theorem is easy to state. THEOREM 0.1. Let M be a closed smooth 4-manifold and {Fi) a collection of n smoothly embedded surfaces in general position. Let xi = [Fi] E H2(M). Suppose U Fi is connected and E aixi = p'r where p is a prime, 0 2y( xiy) x x sign M 1, b > 0 and (a, b) = 1. Let # be the total number of intersection points of F1 and F2. Then we have
Heterodyne and nonheterodyne laser transceivers

The fundamental characteristics of heterodyne and nonheterodyne imaging laser radars are presented in terms of information content, structual complexity, and sensitivity limits. The sensitivity characteristics of heterodyne and nonheterodyne laser receivers are quantitatively compared. When feedback amplification or low‐noise multiplication gain is available in the receivers, the direct detection of laser signals can approach or even surpass the sensitivity or coherent detection. The concept of ‘‘self‐homodyne’’ is introduced and its potential application to laser radar measurements is addressed.