Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growing up with interfering neighbours: the influence of time of learning and vocabulary knowledge on written word learning in children

Evidence suggests that new vocabulary undergoes a period of strengthening and integration offline, particularly during sleep. Practical questions remain, however, including whether learning closer to bedtime can optimize consolidation, and whether such an effect varies with vocabulary ability. To examine this, children aged 8–12-years-old (n 59) were trained on written novel forms (e.g. BANARA) in either the morning (long delay) or the evening (short delay). Immediately after training and the next day, lexical competition (a marker of integration) was assessed via speeded semantic decisions to neighbouring existing words (e.g. BANANA); explicit memory was measured via recognition and recall tasks. There were no main effects indicating performance changes across sleep for any task, counter to studies of spoken word learning. However, a significant interaction was found, such that children with poorer vocabulary showed stronger lexical competition on the day after learning if there was a short delay between learning and sleep. Furthermore, while poorer vocabulary was associated with slower novel word recognition speed before and after sleep for the long delay group, this association was only present before sleep for the short delay group. Thus, weak vocabulary knowledge compromises novel word acquisition, and when there is a longer period of post-learning wake, this disadvantage remains after a consolidation opportunity. However, when sleep occurs soon after learning, consolidation processes can compensate for weaker encoding and permit lexical integration. These data provide preliminary suggestion that children with poorer vocabulary may benefit from learning new words closer to bedtime.
Improved Pathogen Recognition using Non-Euclidean Distance Metrics andWeighted kNN

The timely identification of pathogens is vital in order to effectively control diseases and avoid antimicrobial resistance. Non-invasive point-of-care diagnostic tools are recently trending in identification of the pathogens and becoming a helpful tool especially for rural areas. Machine learning approaches have been widely applied on biological markers for predicting diseases and pathogens. However, there are few studies in the literature that have utilized volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as non-invasive biological markers to identify bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, there is no comprehensive study investigating the effect of different distance and similarity metrics for pathogen classification based on VOC data. In this study, we compared various non-Euclidean distance and similarity metrics with Euclidean metric to identify significantly contributing VOCs to predict pathogens. In addition, we also utilized backward feature elimination (BFE) method to accurately select the best set of features. The dataset we utilized for experiments was composed from the publications published between 1977 and 2016, and consisted of associations in between 703 VOCs and 11 pathogens.We performed extensive set of experiments with five different distance metrics in both uniform and weighted manner. Comprehensive experiments showed that it is possible to correctly predict pathogens by using 68 VOCs among 703 with 78.6% accuracy using k-nearest neighbour classifier and Sorensen distance metric.
Attitudinal Factors for Personal Health

In this paper, the roles of attitudinal factors and fish were investigated to explore their relationships with the health performance of individuals. Specifically, the variables included were: Health Orientation (HO), Diet Orientation (DO), Life Satisfaction (LS), Attitude toward Fish (ATF), Fish Consumption (FC) Demographic variables and Health Performance (HP). A total of 300 respondents participated in the structured questionnaire survey. The data analyses included multi-item scale reliability, Chi-square, means, t-Test, ANOVA and multiple regression analyses. The influences of the various socio-demographic variables on attitudes and personal health were investigated accordingly. The attitudinal factors (i.e., Attitudes towards Health and Eating, Life Satisfaction and Attitudes towards Fish) had shown significant positive relationships with the personal health performance of individuals. The results suggested that the human factor engineering in biomedical sciences is essential. The attitudinal factors are potential determinants for personal health and should be managed effectively and efficiently.
Factors Related to the Differential Development of Inter-Professional Collaboration Abilities in Medicine and Nursing Students

Introduction For physicians and nurses, teamwork involves a set of communication and social skills, and specific training in interdisciplinary work in order to be able to work together cooperatively, sharing responsibilities, solving problems, and making decisions to carry out actions centered on patients’ care. Recent studies demonstrate that in the absence of targeted interdisciplinary educational programs, the development of teamwork abilities is sensitive to the influence of the dominant work environment. The purpose of this study was to characterize the role that environmental and individual factors play in the development of teamwork in environments with a dominant hierarchical work model. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to 1,880 undergraduate students (980 medicine students and 900 nursing students) from three universities of Cusco city (Peru). The Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician–Nurse Collaboration was used as the main variable. The Jefferson Scales of Empathy and Lifelong Learning, the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, the Scale of Life Satisfaction, sex, discipline, age, and academic semester were used as explanatory variables. After calculating internal reliability and normality of the main measures, descriptive, comparative, and correlation analyses were performed to determine variables influencing the teamwork score. Results A total of 1,518 (81%) surveys were returned fully completed. Adequate reliability was confirmed in all instruments. In the sample, nursing students showed greater inter-professional collaborative abilities than medicine students (p < 0.001). This attitudinal gap was higher in advanced semesters. A three-way ANOVA indicated differences in teamwork were associated with discipline (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.01), and university (p < 0.001). However, main effects were associated only with discipline (ηp2 = 0.14). Teamwork showed an inverse correlation with loneliness (ρ = −0.28; p < 0.001) and a positive correlation with empathy (ρ = + 0.49; p < 0.001) and lifelong learning (ρ = + 0.48; p < 0.001). Teamwork positively correlated with life satisfaction only in the medicine student group (ρ = + 0.15; p < 0.001). Conclusion These findings bring new evidence to support the main effect that social environments, in the absence of targeted interdisciplinary educational programs, play in the development of teamwork.
Analysis of the Variability of the Game Space in High Performance Football: Implementation of the Generalizability Theory

The analysis of variability in sport has shown significant growth in recent years. Also, the study of space management in the game field has not been object of research yet. The present study pretends to describe the variability in the use of strategic space in high performance football. To do this, the spatial management of the Spanish men’s soccer team when it is in possession of the ball has been analyzed, during its participation in the UEFA Euro 2012 championship. Specifically, 6861 events have been collected and analyzed. Different zoning of the field have been used, and the location of the ball has been recorded in each offensive action. Using the observational methodology as a methodological filter, two types of analysis have been carried out: first, a General Linear Model was implemented to know the variability of the strategic space. Models with two, three, four and five variables have been tested. In order to estimate the degree of accuracy and generalization of the data obtained, the Generalizability Theory was implemented. Next, and in order to estimate the degree of accuracy and generalization of the data obtained, the Generalizability Theory was implemented. The results showed that the model that produces greater variability and better explanation is the four-variable model (P = 0.019; r2 = 0.838), with the inclusion of the variables match half, rival, move initiation zone and move conclusion zone. Next, an optimization plan was implemented to know the degree of generalization with the Rival, Start Zone (SZ) and Conclusion Zone (CZ) facets. The available results indicate that it is based on an adequate research design in terms of the number of observations. The results of the present study could have a double practical application. On the one hand, the inclusion of the game’s space management in training sessions will potentially conceal the true tactical intention. On the other hand, knowing the variability of the strategic space will allow to exploit areas of the optimal playing field to attack the rival team.
HOMEX: Persuasive Technology Acceptance Model and the Moderating Effect of Culture

The number of fitness applications on the market is increasing annually, driven by the increasing awareness of the need to support and motivate physical activity to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases worldwide. However, there is limited research on the user-experience (UX) design attributes that drive their adoption and the moderating role culture plays. Consequently, we conducted a study on the Persuasive Technology Acceptance Model (PTAM) for a fitness application aimed at motivating physical activity at home. Using Canada (an individualist culture, n = 189) and Nigeria (a collectivist culture, n = 67) as a case study, we investigated: (1) which of the commonly researched UX design attributes (perceived aesthetics, perceived usability, perceived credibility and perceived usefulness) have the strongest influence on users' intention to use a fitness application; (2) the moderating effect of culture; and (3) how perceived persuasiveness mediates the direct effect of perceived usefulness on the intention to use a fitness application. The results of our path analysis show that, regardless of culture, perceived usefulness and perceived aesthetics are the strongest determinants of users' intention to use a fitness application, with perceived usefulness being stronger in the collectivist culture than in the individualist culture. Secondly, our results show that perceived persuasiveness partially mediates the effect of perceived usefulness on intention to use for the individualist culture, but not for the collectivist culture. Hence, we recommend that designers should invest more in improving functionality (utilitarian benefit) and aesthetics (hedonic benefit) than other UX design attributes such as credibility and usability. However, for the collectivist culture, designers should focus more on usefulness than aesthetics. On the other hand, for the individualist culture, designers should strike a balance between usefulness and aesthetics. Our main contribution is that, our study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to investigate the moderating effect of culture using subjects from North America and Africa (an understudied population) as a case study.
Engineering of Fc Multimers as a Protein Therapy for Autoimmune Disease

The success of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in treating autoimmune and inflammatory processes such as immune thrombocytopenia purpura and Kawasaki disease has led to renewed interest in developing recombinant molecules capable of recapitulating these therapeutic effects. The anti-inflammatory properties of IVIG are, in part, due to the Fc region of the IgG molecule, which interacts with activating or inhibitory Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), the neonatal Fc Receptor, non-canonical FcRs expressed by immune cells and complement proteins. In most cases, Fc interactions with these cognate receptors are dependent upon avidity—avidity which naturally occurs when polyclonal antibodies recognize unique antigens on a given target. The functional consequences of these avid interactions include antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody dependent cell phagocytosis, degranulation, direct killing, and/or complement activation—all of which are associated with long-term immunomodulatory effects. Many of these immunologic effects can be recapitulated using recombinant or non-recombinant approaches to induce Fc multimerization, affording the potential to develop a new class of therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the history of tolerance induction by immune complexes that has led to the therapeutic development of artificial Fc bearing immune aggregates and recombinant Fc multimers. The contribution of structure, aggregation and N-glycosylation to human IgG: FcγR interactions and the functional effect(s) of these interactions are reviewed. Understanding the mechanisms by which Fc multimers induce tolerance and attempts to engineer Fc multimers to target specific FcγRs and/or specific effector functions in autoimmune disorders is explored in detail.
Optimal Community Assembly Related to Leaf Economic- Hydraulic-Anatomical Traits

Multi-dimensional trait mechanisms underlying community assembly at regional scales are largely unclear. In this study, we measured leaf economic, hydraulic and anatomical traits of 394 tree species from tropical to cold temperate forests, from which we calculated the leaf trait moments (mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis) using community-weighted methods. Economic and hydraulic traits were decoupled at the species level, but coupled at the community level, and relationships between leaf traits in observed communities were stronger than that in null communities, suggesting that the adaptive mechanisms of plant species may be different. Furthermore, leaf economic traits were distributed more evenly across species occupying communities with lower temperature and precipitation, whereas hydraulic traits were distributed more evenly under lower water availability. This suggests that limiting similarity of specific leaf traits within communities would be enhanced when related-resources are limited, and highlights the independent assembly of leaf economics and hydraulic traits in terms of functional evenness. Importantly, the moments of leaf economic and hydraulic traits of observed communities explained more variation in ecosystem productivity than that of null communities, indicating ecosystem productivity depended on trait-based community assembly. Our results highlight the principles of community assembly regarding multi-dimensionsional traits in natural forests at a regional scale.
The Relationships Between the Free-Living and Particle-Attached Bacterial Communities in Response to Elevated Eutrophication

Exploring the relationships between free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA) bacterial communities can provide insight into their connectivity and the partitioning of biogeochemical processes, which is crucial to understanding the elemental cycles and metabolic pathways in aquatic ecosystems. However, there is still intense debate about that whether FL and PA fractions have the same assemblage. To address this issue, we investigated the extent of similarity between FL and PA bacterial communities along the environmental gradients in Lake Wuli, China. Our results revealed that the west Lake Wuli was slightly eutrophic and the east lake was moderately and highly eutrophic. The alpha-diversity of the FL bacterial communities was significantly lower than that of the PA fraction in the west lake, whereas the alpha-diversity of the two fractions was comparable in the east lake. The beta-diversity of both communities significantly differed in the west lake, whereas it resembled that in the east lake. Moreover, functional prediction analysis highlighted the significantly larger differences of metabolic functions between the FL and PA fractions in the west lake than in the east lake. Suspended particles and carbon resource promote the similarity between the FL and PA fractions. Collectively, our result reveals a convergent succession of aquatic communities along the eutrophic gradient, highlighting that the connectivity between FL and PA bacterial communities is nutrient related.
HuangqiGuizhiWuwu Decoction Prevents Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetes via Inhibition of Endothelial Arginase 1

Hyperglycemia induces vascular endothelial dysfunction, which contributes to the development of vascular complication of diabetes. A classic prescription of traditional medicine, HuangqiGuizhiWuwu Decoction (HGWWD) has been used for the treatment of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which all are related with vascular pathology. The present study investigated the effect of HGWWD treatment in streptozocin (STZ)-induced vascular dysfunction in mouse models. In vivo studies were performed using wild type mice as well as arginase 1 knockout specific in endothelial cells (EC-A1–/–) of control mice, diabetes mice and diabetes mice treated with HGWWD (60 g crude drugs/kg/d) for 2 weeks. For in vitro studies, aortic tissues were treated with mice serum containing HGWWD with or without adenoviral arginase 1 (Ad-A1) transduction in high glucose (HG) medium. We found that HGWWD treatment restored STZ-induced impaired mean velocity and pulsatility index of mouse left femoral arteries, aortic pulse wave velocity and vascular endothelial relaxation accompanied by elevated NO production in the aorta and plasma, as well as reduced endothelial arginase activity and aortic arginase 1 expression. The protective effect of HGWWD is reversed by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Meanwhile, the preventive effect of serum containing HGWWD in endothelial vascular dysfunction is completely blocked by Ad-A1 transduction in HG incubated aortas. HGWWD treatment further improved endothelial vascular dysfunction in STZ induced EC-A1–/– mice. This study demonstrates that HGWWD improved STZ-induced vascular dysfunction through arginase 1 – NO signaling, specifically targeting endothelial arginase 1.
Systems Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Investigate Pharmacological Mechanisms of Radix Puerariae for Treatment of Hypertension

Hypertension is a clinical cardiovascular syndrome characterized by elevated systemic arterial pressure with or without multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Radix Pueraria (RP) has the effects of anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-arrhythmia, vasodilatation, blood pressure reduction, anti-inflammation, and attenuating insulin resistance. Although RP can be effective for the treatment of hypertension, its active compounds, drug targets, and exact molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this study, systems pharmacology was used to analyze the active compounds, drug target genes, and key pathways of RP in the treatment of hypertension. Thirteen active compounds and related information on RP were obtained from the TCMSP database, and 140 overlapping genes related to hypertension and drugs were obtained from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. A PPI network and a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) comprehensive network (Drug-Compounds-Genes-Disease network) were constructed, and 2,246 GO terms and 157 pathways were obtained by GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Some important active compounds and targets were evaluated by in vitro experiments. This study shows that RP probably acts by influencing the proliferation module, apoptosis module, inflammation module, and others when treating hypertension. This study provides novel insights for researchers to systematically explore the mechanism of action of TCM.
Nix Plays a Neuroprotective Role in Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

Nix is located in the outer membrane of mitochondria, mediates mitochondrial fission and implicated in many neurological diseases. However, the association between Nix and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not previously been reported. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the expression of Nix and its role in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to various time points for investigation after SAH. A rat model of SAH was induced by injecting 0.3 ml of autologous non-heparinized arterial blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. The expression of Nix was investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Next, Nix-specific overexpression plasmids and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were separately administered. Western blot, neurological scoring, Morris water maze, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and fluoro-jade B (FJB) staining were performed to evaluate the role of Nix in EBI following SAH. We found that Nix was expressed in neurons and its expression level in the SAH groups was higher than that in the Sham group, which peaked at 24 h after SAH. Overexpression of Nix following SAH significantly decreased the expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20, a marker of mitochondria), ameliorated neurological/cognitive deficits induced by SAH, and reduced the total number of apoptotic/neurodegenerative cells, whereas siRNA knockdown of Nix yielded opposite effects. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the expression of Nix is increased in neurons after experimental SAH in rats, and may play a neuroprotective role in EBI following SAH.
Essential Tremor as a “Waste Basket” Diagnosis: Diagnosing Essential Tremor Remains a Challenge

Introduction: The diagnosis of essential tremor (ET) remains a clinical one, and diagnostic errors are common. We aimed to (1) determine precisely how frequently ET diagnoses are misapplied (i.e., what percentage of patients who have been assigned an “ET” diagnosis actually have another movement disorder), (2) determine which other movement disorders are most often misclassified as “ET,” and (3) examine the clinical features that were most associated with diagnostic errors. Methods: One hundred four consecutive patients were included who met the following criteria: (1) initial outpatient evaluation by one of the authors (EDL) between January 2015 and December 2019 and (2) pre-evaluation diagnosis of ET. Data on an extensive number of clinical features were extracted from the electronic medical record. Results: Forty-seven (45.2%) patients received a post-evaluation diagnosis of ET, 29 (27.9%) of dystonia, and 28 (26.9%) of other diagnoses including Parkinson's disease (PD) [6 (5.8%)]. Factors associated with an alternative post-evaluation diagnosis other than ET were pre-evaluation diagnosis made by a non-neurologist, shorter tremor duration, irregular tremor, abnormal limb postures, among others. Discussion: Diagnosing ET remains a challenge, with the diagnosis being over-applied and being used as a “waste basket. ” More than one-half of the patients who were referred to our clinic with an intake diagnosis of ET were given an alternative post-evaluation diagnosis. While PD was reported to be the most frequently missed diagnosis in a past study, dystonia was most commonly missed in our study. Several clinical features can help to differentiate ET from other tremor disorders.