Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Pressure Paint Gun Injury of the Thumb: A Case of Reconstruction Using a Reverse Thenar Perforator-Based Island Flap

Hand injuries due to high-pressure paint gun devices are rare but may lead to serious outcomes. The authors describe a case of a high-pressure injury of the thumb that was managed promptly and later reconstructed successfully with minimal functional deficit. A 39-year-old man with a high-pressure paint gun injury of the right thumb was referred. Though the external wound was small, X-ray and computed tomography images showed extensive spread of paint inside. The paint was removed through a wide skin incision. After 6 weeks, the surgical wound had completely healed, except for a defect around the interphalangeal joint with bone exposure. A reverse thenar perforator-based island flap based on the princeps pollicis artery was elevated and moved to the defect. After defect reconstruction, the patient recovered pinch and grasp function through physiotherapy. High-pressure paint gun injuries of the thumb can lead to significant functional deficits of the hand. A small skin lesion may cause the actual extent of damage to be underestimated, as extensive penetration of paint can cause severe damage to the soft tissues. Thus, immediate surgical removal of the paint and coverage of the remnant wounds with an appropriate flap are necessary.
Performance of Diesel Engines Burning Used Cooking Oil (UCO) Biodiesel

Biodiesel has a vital role in recent years as an alternative fuel for diesel engines due to the depletion of petroleum resources in the near future. It is an environmentally friendly renewable resource of energy and can be produced from used cooking oil (UCO) by transesterification process. The properties of biodiesel have comparable performance and emission characteristics to diesel fuel. In this study, a comparative study had been done between blends of biodiesel derived from UCO and diesel fuels. DieselUCO biodiesel blends of 10 and 20% was prepared. Experimental investigations were tested in a four stroke, single cylinder, diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and variable loads. Dieselbiodiesel blends showed an increase in fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption in comparison with diesel fuel. Biodiesel blends showed a decrease in engine thermal efficiency about diesel fuel. At full load, CO2 emissions for biodiesel blends achieved an increase about diesel fuel. There were reductions in HC and CO emission for biodiesel blends compared to diesel fuel. It is recommended to use usedcooking oil biodiesel up to 20% with diesel fuel without any engine modifications. Index Term-UCO, Biodiesel, Diesel Engine, Performance,
Effect of Hf Addition to Nb on Nb$_{\text{3}}$Sn Grain Morphology Under High Sn Diffusion Driving Force

Grain refinement and performance improvements for Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn superconducting wires are highly desired for realizing next-generation high-field magnets for the Future Circular Collider (FCC) project. The target performance is a non-Cu critical current density of 1500 A/mm<sup>2</sup> at 4.2 K under a 16 T field. Hf addition to Nb, which leads to Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn grain refinement, has attracted intensive interest from the viewpoint of applicability to conventional wire manufacturing. The grain-refinement effect of Hf addition is speculated to be due to promotion of Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn phase nucleation, which is caused by an increase of nucleation sites such as dislocations or misorientations in the parent Hf-doped Nb; the deformation-induced fine microstructure remains even at the Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn phase formation temperature. Nevertheless, our previous study on the addition of Hf–Ta to bronze-route Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn wires did not reveal a substantial effect on grain refinement. This lack of effect might be attributed to a smaller Sn diffusion driving force in the case of the bronze route. Therefore, we here study the Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn phase formation behavior in the case of a higher Sn diffusion driving force using tapes with a diffusion couple of Nb and high-Sn-content Sn–Cu alloy. We prepared samples with a diffusion couple of Nb–4at%Ta–1at%Hf / Sn–10at%Cu, Nb–2at%Ti–1at%Hf / Sn–10at%Cu and conducted microstructural and microchemical analyses to evaluate the formation of Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn during the heat treatment. Grain refinement in Hf-doped Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn wires was confirmed under a high Sn diffusion driving force. However, the grain refinement effect was weaker than the effect expected on the basis of previous works.
Influence of PGRs and Bio-inoculants on Seed Germination and Growth Characteristics of Papaya cv. Red Lady in Shade Net

Papaya farmers faces challenges such as slow, unreliable, and incomplete germination of seeds, as well as notable mortality among seedlings. As a result, the primary method of propagation for papaya is through seeds. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and bio-inoculants have indeed played a crucial role in improving seed germination, growth, productivity, and quality of various fruit crops. The present research entitled “Influence of PGRs and bio-inoculants on seed germination and growth characteristics of papaya cv. Red Lady in shade net” was conducted. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design, which included 15 treatments with three replications. Results indicated that, GA 3 (Gibberellic acid) 120 ppm + PSB (Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria) 5 g, exhibited the shortest days for germination (19 days), highest germination percentage (91.11%), germination index (1.05), seed vigor index (4,781.03) and favorable growth parameters such as height of seedling (52.49 cm), stem girth (8.80 mm), number of leaves (11.22), shoot length (30.32 cm), root length (22.17 cm), root diameter (7.62 mm), fresh weight of shoot (15.57 gm), dry weight of shoot (2.27 g), fresh weight of root (6.73 gm) and dry weight of root (1.03 g). The maximum root:shoot ratio (0.63) was observed in GA 3 60 ppm + PSB 5 g. Overall, the findings indicate that the application of GA 3 120 ppm + PSB 5 g enhances seed germination and growth characteristics of the crop papaya cv. Red Lady.
Investigations into the Hyporheic Zone: Assessing the Influence of Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions on Metal Exposure and Effects to Aquatic Ecosystems

The interface of groundwater and surface water in stream sediments (hyporheic zone) can have important implications for aquatic biota. In metal contaminated streams, the direction of hyporheic flow (upwelling or downwelling) may influence redox conditions and metal speciation, resulting in a range of effects for aquatic organisms. This research investigates the potential for metal toxicity in the head (upstream) and tail (downstream) ends of riffles, which generally represent downwelling and upwelling conditions, respectively, in a Southeastern Michigan stream. In situ experiments were paired with artificial stream mesocosms located on the streambank, which simulated downwelling exposures. Sediments from a stream with known zinc contamination were deployed for 30 days and effects to sediment geochemistry, metal chemistry, biofilms and benthic macroinvertebrates were assessed. Sediment redox and pH varied between the heads and tails of riffles. The riffle head was more oxidized and had higher pH, this correlated with greater bioavailable metals (i.e., (SEM-AVS)/fOC) in the riffle head than in the tail. Similar results from pH and redox were found in the mesocosm experiments. No differences in metal chemistry were observed between hyporheic treatments in either treatment. In the in situ experiment, macroinvertebrate community diversity and sensitivity were higher in the riffle head, where risk to metal contamination was higher. Biofilm communities responded
Determinants of sexual and reproductive health concerns among youngsters in Albania during COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all communities, including youngsters. Our aim was to assess the key sexual and reproductive health (SRH) concerns of young people in Albania during the pandemic as well as the factors associated with the main health concern. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Albania in 2021. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of being concerned about mental health & psychological well-being, urgency for mental health information, and difficulty in getting mental health information with independent variables. In total 340 youngsters aged 14-30 years participated (66% female, 89% Albanian ethnicity, about 20% belonging to the LGBT community). Mental health & psychological well-being were the main SRH topics youngsters were concerned about, reported by 48% of them. About 37% of youngsters had an urgent need for mental health information during the pandemic and 18% experienced difficulty in getting this information. Being part of the LGBT community was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of being concerned about mental health (OR=3.15;95%CI:1.36-7.33), being in urgent need of mental health information (OR=3.68;95%, CI:1.63-8.32) and experiencing difficulties in getting mental health information (OR=3.48;95% CI:1.49-8.13). Higher household income levels also increased the likelihood of being concerned about mental health (OR=4.28;95%CI:1.55-11.77) and being in urgent need of mental health information (OR=4.15;95%CI:1.43- 12.01). In conclusion, young people in Albania have been concerned about various SRH topics during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the major concern was mental health & psychological well-being, especially for the LGBT community. The findings should guide future interventions for addressing youth mental health concerns in emergency situation.
Illuminating the Tiny World: A Navigation Guide for Proper Raman Studies on Microorganisms

Raman spectroscopy is an emerging method for the identification of bacteria. Nevertheless, a lot of different parameters need to be considered to establish a reliable database capable of identifying real-world samples such as medical or environmental probes. In this review, the establishment of such reliable databases with the proper design in microbiological Raman studies is demonstrated, shining a light into all the parts that require attention. Aspects such as the strain selection, sample preparation and isolation requirements, the phenotypic influence, measurement strategies, as well as the statistical approaches for discrimination of bacteria, are presented. Furthermore, the influence of these aspects on spectra quality, result accuracy, and read-out are discussed. The aim of this review is to serve as a guide for the design of microbiological Raman studies that can support the establishment of this method in different fields.
The Impact of the Carbon Footprint in European Loans of the Economic Activities

The transition to a low-carbon economy has interested academics and policymakers recently. Our goal is to develop a preliminary analysis of the transition risk of the European financial system and individuate the importance of the environmental aspect in the loans received by statistical classification of economic activities in the European Union (NACE Sectors). The study defines two indicators that identify the transition risk the EU bears and the “carbon footprint of the loan” (CFL) that Europe presents through the loans granted to the various economic sectors. In addition, it analyzes the possible interactions that influenced the value of loans. In particular, the paper puts as the dependent variable the loans and, as independent variables, the Value Added (VA) by each NACE sector, the carbon footprint of loans, GreenHouse Gas emissions, environmental taxes, and economic growth. The groups “D. Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply” plus “E. Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities” result to be, simultaneously, the sectors with the higher risk transition and CFL. Besides, the results show that the VA and CFL variables are statistically significant. The first highlights the strategic importance of having better performance and economic development, which allow for obtaining higher loans. The second variable underlines the ever-increasing importance of environmental issues and how the authorities are attentive to the provision of financing based on the polluting capacity of those “funded”. From this, we can deduce the ever-increasing importance of renewable energy for reducing greenhouse gases (European objective of climate neutrality by 2050) and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
Geometry and dynamics of braided channels and bars under experimental density currents

Submarine channels convey turbidity currents, the primary means for distributing sand and coarser sediments to the deep ocean. In some cases, submarine channels have been shown to braid, in a similar way to rivers. Yet the strength of the analogy between the subaerial and submarine braided channels is incompletely understood. Six experiments with subaqueous density currents and two experiments with subaerial rivers were conducted to quantify: (i) submarine channel kinematics; and (ii) the responses of channel and bar geometry to subaerial versus submarine basin conditions, inlet conditions and the ratio of ‘flow to sediment’ discharge (Qw/Qs). For a range of Qw/Qs values spanning a factor of 2·7, subaqueous braided channels consistently developed, were deeper upstream compared to downstream, and alternated with zones of sheet flow downstream. Topographic analyses included spatial statistics and mapping bars and channels using a reduced‐complexity flow model. The ratio of the estimated depth‐slope product for the submarine channels versus the subaerial channels was greater than unity, consistent with theoretical predictions, but with downstream variations ranging over a factor of 10. For the same inlet geometry and Qw/Qs, a subaqueous experiment produced deeper, steeper channels with fewer channel threads than its subaerial counterpart. For the subaqueous cases, neither slope, nor braiding index, nor bar aspect ratio varied consistently with Qw/Qs. For the subaqueous channels, the timescale for avulsion was double the time to migrate one channel width, and one‐third the time to aggrade one channel depth. The experiments inform a new stratigraphic model for submarine braided channels, wherein sand bodies are more laterally connected and less vertically persistent than those formed by submarine meandering channels.
Statistics of model factors in reliability-based design of axially loaded driven piles in sand

This paper compiles 162 reliable field load tests for axially loaded driven piles in sand from previous studies. The L1–L2 method is adopted to interpret the measured resistance from the load–settlement data. The accuracy of resistance calculations with the ICP-05 and UWA-05 methods based on cone penetration test profile is evaluated by the ratio (bias or model factor) of the measured resistance to the calculated resistance. A hyperbolic model with two parameters, where the load component is normalized by the measured resistance, is utilized to fit the measured load–settlement curves. The means, coefficients of variation, and probability distributions for the resistance model factor and the hyperbolic parameters are established from the database. Copula theory is employed to characterize the correlation structure within the hyperbolic parameters. The statistical properties of the model factors are applied to calibrate the resistance factors in simplified reliability-based designs of closed-end piles driven into sand at the ultimate and serviceability limit state by Monte-Carlo simulations. A simple example is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed resistance factors to estimate the allowable load for an allowable settlement at the desired serviceability limit probability.
Decreasing Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit: A Quality Improvement Project.

PURPOSE The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to determine if use of an algorithm focusing on skin care in patients with fecal and urinary incontinence reduces the rate of hospital-acquired incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) over a period of 4 months. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The QI setting was an 18-bed surgical intensive care unit (SICU) in an acute care urban hospital located in the southeastern United States. Two hundred eleven patients participated in this pre/postintervention QI project. APPROACH The algorithm for skin care used evidence-based bundled interventions for patients with fecal and urinary incontinence. The project comprised education of the SICU nursing staff in January 2018 and implementation of the algorithm from February 5, 2018, to June 5, 2018. Weekly chart reviews were conducted to determine algorithm compliance, documentation of fecal and urinary incontinence, and accuracy of IAD documentation. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the rate of hospital-acquired IAD, algorithm compliance, and average length of time from admission to the onset of hospital-acquired IAD. OUTCOMES Seventy-nine individuals with incontinence were included in the 3-month preintervention period and 132 individuals with incontinence in the 3-month postintervention period. We observed a 24% reduction in the rate of hospital-acquired IAD following implementation of the algorithm (29% vs 5%). The average length of time from admission to the onset of hospital-acquired IAD increased from 15 days in February 2018 to 25 days in May 2018. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Our experience with this QI project suggest that IAD can be identified and managed at the bedside by first clinical nursing staff without expertise in skin assessment and wound care.
Google Earth: A New Resource for Shoreline Change Estimation—Case Study from Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka

Abstract Estimation of shoreline change using satellite images is considered as a very effective method because the coastline is found highly dynamic. This study focuses to develop a methodology to detect shoreline changes using satellite imageries obtained from Google Earth platform. The study was carried out in north-east coastline of Jaffna in Sri Lanka. Shorelines from 2002 to 2017 were delineated on the multi-temporal satellite images in the Google Earth software by visual interpretation and change was detected using Digital Shoreline Analysis System in ArcGIS. Tidal variation, digitizing error, and geometric errors were considered to calculate the uncertainty. Mean End Point Rate, mean Shoreline Change Envelop, mean Net Shoreline Movement, and mean Weighted Linear Regression Rate were used as main shoreline change statistics. Result shows that there is net shoreline accretion of 6.13 ± 8.74 m with an annual rate of deposition of 0.5 m/year. During the study period, 76.12% of the observed shoreline is found accreted while the 23.88% of the shoreline is eroded. Mean Uncertainty of the shoreline is 3.73 ± 0.59 m. The study revealed that the satellite images from Google Earth platform can be used for time series analysis of shorelines after appropriate corrections.
Frontogenesis of the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone

Abstract. A diagnostic analysis of the climatological annual mean and seasonal cycle of the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ) is performed by applying an ocean frontogenetic function (OFGF) to the ocean mixing layer (OML). The OFGF reveals that the meridional confluence and vertical tilting terms are the most dominant contributors to the frontogenesis of the ABFZ. The ABFZ shows a well-pronounced semiannual cycle with two maximum (minimum) peaks in April–May and November–December (February–March and July–August). The development of the two maxima of frontogenesis is due to two different physical processes: enhanced tilting from March to April and meridional confluence from September to October. The strong meridional confluence in September to October is closely related to the seasonal southward intrusion of tropical warm water to the ABFZ that seems to be associated with the development of the Angola Dome northwest of the ABFZ. The strong tilting effect from March to April is attributed to the meridional gradient of vertical velocities, whose effect is amplified in this period due to increasing stratification and shallow OML depth. The proposed OFGF can be viewed as a tool to diagnose the performance of coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) that generally fail at realistically simulating the position of the ABFZ, which leading to huge warm biases in the southeastern Atlantic.
Predictive Modeling of Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Selected Beta-Lactam Antimicrobials from Beta-Lactamase Resistance Genes

The outcome of bacterial infection management relies on prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, but conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be slow and labor-intensive. Therefore, this study aims to predict phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility of selected beta-lactam antimicrobials in the bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae from different beta-lactamase resistance genotypes. Using human datasets extracted from the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) program conducted by Pfizer and retail meat datasets from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria (NARMS), we used a robust or weighted least square multivariable linear regression modeling framework to explore the relationship between antimicrobial susceptibility data of beta-lactam antimicrobials and different types of beta-lactamase resistance genes. In humans, in the presence of the blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8/25, and blaCTX-M-9 groups, MICs of cephalosporins significantly increased by values between 0.34–3.07 μg/mL, however, the MICs of carbapenem significantly decreased by values between 0.81–0.87 μg/mL. In the presence of carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, and blaVIM), the MICs of cephalosporin antimicrobials significantly increased by values between 1.06–5.77 μg/mL, while the MICs of carbapenem antimicrobials significantly increased by values between 5.39–67.38 μg/mL. In retail meat, MIC of ceftriaxone increased significantly in the presence of blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-65, and blaSHV-2 by 55.16 μg/mL, 222.70 μg/mL, 250.81 μg/mL, 204.89 μg/mL, and 31.51 μg/mL respectively. MIC of cefoxitin increased significantly in the presence of blaCTX-M-65 and blaTEM-1 by 1.57 μg/mL and 1.04 μg/mL respectively. In the presence of blaCMY-2, MIC of cefoxitin increased by an average of 8.66 μg/mL over 17 years. Compared to E. coli isolates, MIC of cefoxitin in Salmonella enterica isolates decreased significantly by 0.67 μg/mL. On the other hand, MIC of ceftiofur increased in the presence of blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-65, blaSHV-2, and blaTEM-1 by 8.82 μg/mL, 9.11 μg/mL, 8.18 μg/mL, and 1.04 μg/mL respectively. In the presence of blaCMY-2, MIC of ceftiofur increased by an average of 10.20 μg/mL over 14 years. The ability to predict antimicrobial susceptibility of beta-lactam antimicrobials directly from beta-lactamase resistance genes may help reduce the reliance on routine phenotypic testing with higher turnaround times in diagnostic, therapeutic, and surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.