Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of differential global positioning systems to monitor frost heave and thaw settlement in tundra environments

Technological advances in Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS), used in conjunction with specially designed survey targets, provide a means for accurately detecting frost heave and thaw settlement in cold environments, and for relating positions precisely in worldwide geodetic reference systems. Under ideal conditions, DGPS technology is capable of measuring vertical change of 1 cm or less. The inexpensive platform targets developed for this study were designed to support a DGPS antenna, to move in concert with the ground surface in response to changes within the active layer, and to function with minimal disturbance. The targets are unlikely to be affected adversely by flooding, cold weather, snow, or animal disturbance. Although the DGPS/target methodology can be strenuous and time consuming in comparison with traditional surveying methods, preliminary results indicate that it can be used to detect frost heave and thaw settlement at very fine resolution. Post‐processed rapid static carrier‐phase DGPS measured a mean value of vertical heave of 1 cm and mean subsidence of 4 cm during 2001–2002 at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Traditional profile leveling techniques confirmed these measurements. DGPS is a promising tool for measurement of periglacial phenomena, and is applicable over a wide range of spatial scale. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pollen productivity estimates from old-growth forest strongly differ from those obtained in cultural landscapes: Evidence from the Białowieża National Park, Poland

Pollen productivity estimates of individual plant taxa are necessary when determining changes of vegetation cover during the Holocene. To date, studies describing this parameter in lowland temperate Europe have been carried out in cultural landscapes showing low forest cover and dominated by human activities. However, these may be of limited use when applied to reconstruct past land cover, for instance, from pre-agricultural landscapes. The aim of this paper is to ascertain whether pollen productivity from the closed-canopy old-growth forest in the Białowieża National Park, Poland, where human impact has been minimal for nearly a century, is different from that calculated in much more open landscapes. We ask: how much does forest antiquity and structure influence the amount of pollen released from particular taxa? We implemented maximum likelihood estimation of relative pollen productivity for seven tree species and for Poaceae using 18 modern pollen assemblages and distance-weighted plant abundances. Our results demonstrate that the ratio of pollen productivity between high producers (Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur) and low producers (Poaceae, Corylus avellana) is on an average six times greater in Białowieża than across other European cultural landscapes. Pollen from forest Poaceae and C. avellana is six times more under-represented in old-growth forest than hitherto estimated from cultural landscapes. This finding reinforces the idea that pollen productivity can vary in response to changes in the prevailing environmental settings and we present for the first time a quantification of this variability, likely induced by differences in light availability.
New Epidemiology of Disease

The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) varies greatly, but several reports have shown that CD is increasing in frequency in different geographic areas. The increase in prevalence can be partially attributed to the improvement in diagnostic techniques and disease awareness; however the equally well documented rise in incidence in the last 30–40 years cannot be so easily explained. The new epidemiology of CD is now characterized by an increase of new cases in the historical CD areas (northern Europe and the United States) and more interestingly in a spread of the disease in new regions (Asian countries). A signiﬁcant change in diet habits, particularly in gluten consumption as well as in infant feeding patterns are probably the main factors that can account for these new trends in CD epidemiology. of CD in Sub-Saharan In a recent study a serologic CD screening was performed in a representative sample of a young adult general population in Israel (12). The prevalence of CD diagnosed before 0.12% men The overall prevalence based on Six of 9 subjects with positive serology endoscopy, histological changes ABSTRACT Celiac disease (CD) has a multifactorial etiology with complex genetics and frequently occurs in association with other autoimmune disorders. Even though triggered by a dietary antigen, it shows many autoimmune features, the most peculiar being the presence of high titers of anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 autoantibodies, produced in the small intestinal mucosa since the early stages of the disease. More than 60% of CD-associated susceptibility loci are shared with at least another autoimmune condition, suggesting common pathogenic mechanisms. In particular, recognition of peptides by HLAmolecules,posttranslationalmodiﬁcations requiredforoptimalpeptide binding and immune mechanisms leading to tissue damage have been found in CD as well as in other autoimmune diseases. This review brieﬂy summarizes the main autoimmune features of CD, underlining the sim-ilarities with other autoimmune disorders, in particular with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the role of gluten and microbiome in driving autoimmunity is discussed.
Dynamics of thermally induced ice streams simulated with a higher‐order flow model

We use a new discretization technique to solve the higher‐order thermomechanically coupled equations of glacier evolution. We find that under radially symmetric continuum equations, small perturbations in symmetry due to the discretization are sufficient to produce the initiation of nonsymmetric thermomechanical instabilities which we interpret as ice streams, in good agreement with previous studieswhich have indicated a similar instability. We find that the inclusion of membrane stresses regularizes the size of predicted streams, eliminating the ill‐posedness evident in previous investigations of ice stream generation through thermomechanical instability. Ice streams exhibit strongly irregular periodicity which is influenced by neighboring ice streams and the synoptic state of the ice stream. Ice streams are not always the same size but instead appear to follow a temperature‐dependent distribution of widths that is robust to grid refinement. The morphology of the predicted ice streams corresponds reasonably well to extant ice streams in physically similar environments.
A numerical study of gravity waves induced by convection associated with Typhoon Rusa

Typhoon Rusa (2002) is simulated using a three‐dimensional mesoscale model (MM5), and the characteristics of gravity waves generated by convection associated with the typhoon are investigated. The gravity waves in the stratosphere propagate in two directions, northwestward and southeastward according to the convective bands propagating in the same directions, although the typhoon itself moves north‐northeastward. Spectral analyses show that the inertio‐gravity waves (IGWs) in the stratosphere generated by Rusa have a dominant horizontal wavelength of 300–600 km, a vertical wavelength of 3–11 km, and a period of 6–11 hrs. A large fraction of the IGWs is filtered out in the upper troposphere and stratosphere mainly due to the critical‐level filtering process. The decreased magnitude of the momentum flux with height in a non‐filtered region is likely due to the damping process, with a minor contribution by the wave breaking process that can occur exclusively near the critical‐level phase speeds.
Passive margin subduction and the dynamics of collisional orogenesis

Continental passive margins are characterized by a wide variety of geometries and widths. Whether these variations have an influence on subsequent dynamics of orogenesis is unresolved. To investigate, a series of upper mantle numerical experiments were performed with systematically varied continental margin widths and geometries. Results show that the vertical geometry of subducting continental margin crust controls both crustal and mantle lithosphere deformation. On both scales, end‐members can be identified. Namely, break‐off versus delamination of continental mantle lithosphere and double vergence versus single vergence of crustal thrust fronts form as a direct result of passive margin geometry. We find that the subduction of upper crust to depths >100 km promotes lithospheric delamination and is facilitated by an extended passive margin. Modeled orogens show decreasing upper plate deformation with increasing margin width. These results suggest that along‐strike deformational variation within orogens may develop due to precollision passive margin geometry.
Micrometeorological simulations over a complex terrain with SUBMESO: a model study using a novel pre-processor

Effects of topography on micrometeorological fields may have a great impact on noise propagation. Consequently, we discuss some preliminary results from a modelling study of short-term evolution of wind and temperature over a smooth, non-flat terrain. The study is performed using the 3-D model SUBMESO. A new meteorological pre-processor (MPP) has been implemented to specify vertical profiles of wind, temperature and other scalar quantities, which can be used to drive the flow and set the model reference state. Numerical simulations have been performed in strongly convective and neutral shear-driven conditions. We obtain results similar to those from reference simulations over flat terrain and ascertain that the small-scale topography modifies the mean flow and the structure of the instantaneous velocity field in both cases. Unlike what is expected for stable stratification, no channelling effect is visible for the atmospheric conditions considered here. This study is a first validation of the MPP device.
Timing coral-based climatic histories using 13C enrichments driven by synchronized spawning

High-resolution measurements of the skeletal 13C/12C ratios of massive Porites corals from the Great Barrier Reef and eastern Indian Ocean reveal 13C enrichments culminating sharply at the time of the annual coral spawning event. These 13C skeletal enrichments appear to be driven by the rapid sequestering of 12C required to build the reproductive tissue prior to spawning. Coral spawning is commonly synchronized with the lunar phase and, in this case, is predictable to within 3 days. The results suggest that reproductive modulation of 13C/12C can be exploited as an accurate, built-in time marker for constructing realistic time series with proxy climate data extracted from corals. Recognition of the 13C/12C response to reproduction also facilitates the separation of physiological and environmental influences and should expand the utility of stable carbon isotopes in paleoceanography.
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF ENDEAVOUR RIDGE SEGMENT, JUAN DE FUCA RIDGE, FROM A DETAILED SEISMIC REFRACTION SURVEY

A detailed seismic refraction survey was carried out over the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, a medium-rate spreading center which lies off western North America, to investigate the creation and evolution of oceanic crust. A bathymetric high and the presence of hydrothermal vents suggested that the study area was the most recent locus of spreading. Travel time and amplitude data from 15 in-line air gun/ocean bottom seismometer profiles were forward modeled using asymptotic ray theory to obtain two-dimensional velocity models consisting of four primary layers which correlate well with classic models of oceanic crust. Significant lateral variations in thicknesses and velocities on the scale of a few to 10 km are superimposed on this basic velocity structure, but they appear to be random rather than distributed symmetrically about the ridge. We attribute them to fracturing which causes porosity changes, hydrothermal circulation which fills voids and fractures with alteration products, and variations in magmatic and/or deformational processes at the spreading center. Layer 2A is found to have low (2.6–2.8 km/s) velocities, to average 0.4 km in thickness with variations up to 0.2 km, and to be bounded at its base by a sharp velocity increase to 4.8 km/s. Along the axial ridge, velocities 0.4–0.6 km/s higher than average are interpreted for layers 2B and 2C, but these values are confined to a 2-km-wide zone centered below the ridge. Velocities along ridge-parallel lines offset 10 km are normal, indicating that maturation to off-ridge structure has occurred within at most 0.3 Ma. Layer 3 velocities decrease by 0.1–0.2 km/s for arrivals traveling along and under the axial ridge, perhaps caused by higher temperatures. However, we find no anomalously low velocities beneath the ridge, indicating that no large crustal magma chamber exists. On the basis of this study, we conclude that magmatic accretion is a fully three-dimensional process within ridge segments such as Endeavour Ridge.
1164TiPQUANTIFYING THE NET PATIENT EXPERIENCE THROUGH THE FIRST GLOBAL NET PATIENT SURVEY: A COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROENDOCRINE CANCER ALLIANCE AND NOVARTIS.

ABSTRACT Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are rare, heterogeneous cancers, not always well understood by the medical community or public. Over the last two decades the incidence of NET has increased and data on the impact of patients are outdated and inconsistently available around the world. The International Neuroendocrine Cancer Alliance (INCA), a network of charitable organizations and patient groups from 17 countries that aims to be the global voice in support of NET patients, and Novartis Pharmaceuticals have collaborated on the first global survey to gather data on the NET patient experience. The survey will provide important data from multiple countries, which will help to increase understanding of the needs and experience of NET patients, as well as differences and similarities between countries and regions, to help improve awareness and care. Trial design: The survey will gather information on NET patients' diagnostic experience, disease impact and management, interaction with medical teams, knowledge and awareness levels, and information sources. The survey, availablein eight languages, launched in February 2014 and will close May 31, 2014. INCA member organizations invited NET patients to participate in a 25-minute online, anonymous survey via flyers, website postings, e-mails and social media channels. Paper surveys were developed in several languages and distributed via patient groups and healthcare professionals to reach patients without access to social media. The data will be analyzed at global, regional and country-specific levels and any statistical differences at the 95% confidence level (P Disclosure: M. Sissons: Received grants for work (Novartis, Ipsen and Pfizer); J. Leyden: I disclose that I the Unicorn Foundation has been supported by Novartis Australia, Pfizer Austalia and Ipsen Austalia over the last 12 months for varied projects related to NET. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Acute and long‑term psychiatric symptoms associated with COVID‑19 (Review)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) started spreading at the end of 2019 and despite the immediate actions of various governments with strict control, more and more individuals became infected daily. Due to the uncertainty and insecurity that still exists around this pandemic, there is an acute need for information and knowledge of what severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection entails. Respiratory and other physical symptoms received most of the medical attention, however, infected patients were also at risk for developing psychiatric and mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Available research reports a so‑called ‘post‑COVID‑19 syndrome’, which refers to new and/or persistent signs and symptoms for over 12 weeks, following SARS. The aim of the present review was to provide a general overview of the psychiatric symptoms developed during SARS‑CoV‑2 infec‑ tion and their long‑term outcome, highlighting that, through follow‑up with surviving patients it was revealed that some of the psychiatric symptoms of COVID‑19 persisted for a long time after discharge and were also associated with negative effects on global functioning and lower quality of life.
Ice‐free conditions in eastern Fennoscandia during early Marine Isotope Stage 3: lacustrine records

Helmens, K. F. & Engels, S. 2010: Ice‐free conditions in eastern Fennoscandia during early Marine Isotope Stage 3: lacustrine records. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010. 00142.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.
Agricultural Use of Synthetic Metal Chelates 1

Synthetic metal chelates have been used effectively to make iron available to plants in soils. Agricultural use of chelates has been influenced by cost of the materials, their stability, pH of the soil, and the kind of crop. There is competition between chelating agents and between roots and chelating agents, for nutrient elements. Differential uptake of the metal and ligand by the plant has been demonstrated. The use of synthetic metal chelates in agriculture appears as a stop-gap measure until a more permanent solution is obtained for some of our micronutrient problems. Genetic variants as factors affecting plant nutrition may provide the permanence sought by providing a plant adapted to a particular soil.
Mid‐Cretaceous transtension in the Canadian Cordillera: Evidence from the Rocky Ridge volcanics of the Skeena Group

The age relations, geochemistry, and sedimentology of the Rocky Ridge Formation of the Skeena Group are used to test competing tectonic reconstructions for the mid-Cretaceous Canadian Cordillera as well as the timing and location of the accretion of the Insular Superterrane. Pollen and macrofossil assemblages indicate that these intrabasinal basalts were erupted along the southern margin of the Bowser basin in the Early Albian to Early Cenomanian. Single-crystal fusion and step-heating 40Ar/39Ar dating of hornblendes in one basalt flow from the uppermost part of the formation yielded Middle Cenomanian ages of 94.3 ± 0.4, 95.6 ± 1.6, and 95.0 ± 1.6 Ma. Vesicular basalt flows interbedded with crystal-rich tuff breccias contain evidence for hot emplacement as pyroclastic flows. Individual eruptive centers are identified by their proximal facies, paleoflow indicators within the lava flows, paleoflow indicators within interbedded volcaniclastic fluvial deposits, geochemical differences, and geographic isolation of volcanic deposits. Major and trace-element geochemistry from 20 sampled lava flows indicates an alkali basalt composition for the volcanics. The basalts of the northern Rocky Ridge volcanic center show enrichment of light rare earth and large ion lithophile elements with strong negative Nb-Ta anomalies whereas the basalts of the southern Tahtsa Lake volcanic center show depletion to slight enrichment of light rare earth elements, slight enrichment of large ion lithophile elements with minimal negative Nb-Ta anomalies. The geochemistry combined with paleogeographic and regional tectonic reconstruction suggests a continental arc setting with intraarc extension. The presence of deeper marine facies to the west and the lack of a western sediment source in the Skeena Group indicate that the technically active Insular Superterrane was not west of the study area during mid-Cretaceous time. Thus we reconsider the Omineca Belt as the main axis of a mid-Cretaceous continental arc, placing the Intermontane Superterrane in the intraarc to forearc position with the Rocky Ridge volcanics erupted along the forearc side of the Omineca arc. Coeval regional strike-slip faulting and reconstructed oblique plate convergence suggest a transtensional setting for Rocky Ridge intraarc extension. An electronic supplement of Tables A1–A2 may be obtained on a diskette or Anonymous FTP from KOSMOS.AGU. ORG (LOGIN to AGU's FTP account using ANONYMOUS as the username and GUEST as the password. Go to the right directory by typing CD APEND. Type LS to see what files are available. Type GET and the name of the file to get it. Finally, type EXIT to leave the system.) (Paper 95TC03496, Mid-Cretaceous transtension in the Canadian Cordillera: Evidence from the Rocky Ridge volcanics of the Skeena Group, Kari N. Bassett and Karen L. Kleinspehn). Diskette may be ordered from American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W. , Washington, DC 20009; $15.00. Payment must accompany order.
Maternal Diet, Breast Feeding and Infants' Growth A fieldstudy in the Ivory Coast (West Africa)

Four mothers and their infants living in a rural village of the Ivory Coast were studied for maternal diet, breast milk composition and volume and infants' growth over an 18 months' period. Two of the mothers were young, had a low calorie intake and gave little supplementary nourishment to their infants; these infants had an unsatisfactory growth pattern. Two mothers were middle-aged, had a satisfactory calorie intake and their infants thrived well on breast milk alone for the first 6 months. Supplements were introduced by those mothers after their infant was 6 months old which provided adequate energy and protein intake and had a beneficial effect on the growth of the infants. Detailed biochemical analyses of diets and breast milk have been performed and dietary allowances are discussed in the light of the present results. Despite important differences in dietary intake the milks produced by the four mothers showed no significant differences in biochemical composition. The mothers with low calorie and low protein intake produced however smaller quantities of breast milk when the infants were 4 to 7 months old. breast milk a substantial of protein and calories for the infants even in late lactation, implication to adequate growth of the infants to provide adequate dietary
Complex vertical layering and mixing of aerosols over the eastern Mediterranean: active and passive remote sensing at the Cyprus University of Technology

Aerosols can have a complicated influence on climate conditions, directly as well as indirectly via cloud formation. The southeastern Mediterranean region can be characterized as a cross road of aerosols originating from European, Asian and African continents. Complex vertical aerosol distributions are frequently detected over Cyprus by means of active remote sensing. Observations of such complex aerosol layering and comparison of the measurements with aerosol products of regional and global atmospheric transport models are required to improve our understanding of life cycles of aerosol mixtures and their impact on climate as well as on satellite remote sensing products. In this study, a case of an intense desert dust outbreak from Syria and Saudi Arabia towards the eastern Mediterranean in September 2011 is presented. The observations used in this study were performed with a 532-nm polarization Lidar and a sun/sky AERONET photometer operated at 8 channels from 340 to 1640 nm wavelength. Both instruments belong to remote sensing station of the Cyprus Technical University at Limassol, Cyprus (34°N, 33°E). The lofted dust plume was doped with air masses that crossed sources of biomass burning smoke and anthropogenic pollution. In addition, the shallow marine boundary layer over the Mediterranean Sea and over Limassol became mixed with the anthropogenic haze by sea breeze circulations. The case study demonstrates the potential of combined lidar/photometer observations to deliver detailed vertically resolved information of the aerosol characteristics in terms of particle optical and microphysical properties, separately for the spherical particle fraction as well as for the non-spherical aerosol mode.