Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BIOMETRÍA Y CONSTANTES CLÍNICAS DEL BOVINO CRIOLLO EN EL CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN CHUQUIBAMBILLA DE PUNO (PERÚ) BODY MEASUREMENTS AND CLINICAL CONSTANTS OF THE CRIOLLO CATTLE IN THE CENTER OF INVESTIGATION AND PRODUCTION OF CHUQUIBAMBILLA OF PUNO (PERÚ)

En el Centro de Investigacion y Produccion Chuquibambilla, situado en el departamento de Puno, provincia de Melgar (Peru), a 3910 m.s.n.m. , se determinaron algunas constantes clinicas en 40 bovinos Criollos, distribuidos en cuatro grupos de 10 animales, machos y hembras, menores de un ano y mayores de un ano. Los machos y hembras menores de un ano, obtuvieron los siguientes promedios referidos a la frecuencia respiratoria, frecuencia de pulso, ambos por minuto, temperatura (°C) por cuatro minutos de toma, y frecuencia de movimientos ruminales por cinco minutos de observacion, 29 y 31; 86 y 88; 39,33 y 39,32; 8 y 8; respectivamente. De igual forma para los mayores de un ano, se determinaron, los datos que siguen: 22 y 27; 65 y 63; 38,79 y 38,52; 8 y 8; respectivamente. Para determinar datos biometricos, se utilizaron a 140 bovinos criollos machos y hembras, distribuidos en el siguiente orden, dientes de leche (10 y 20), dos dientes (15 y 20), cuatro dientes (0 y 20), seis dientes (0 y 20), boca llena (15 y 20); respectivamente. Las medidas biometricas en ambos sexos, aumentan gradualmente segun el animal envejece, este aumento se hace mas lento a partir de los seis dientes, tambien se puede observar en promedio que las medidas de los machos superan ligeramente a las de las hembras.
Selecting a high‐dose antibiotic‐laden cement knee spacer

Prosthetic joint infection [PJI] after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains a common and challenging problem for joint replacement surgeons and patients. Once the diagnosis of PJI has been made, patient goals and characteristics as well as the infection timeline dictate treatment. Most commonly, this involves a two‐stage procedure with the removal of all implants, debridement, and placement of a static or dynamic antibiotic spacer. Static spacers are commonly indicated for older, less healthy patients that would benefit from soft tissue rest after initial debridement. Mobile spacers are typically used in younger, healthier patients to improve quality of life and reduce soft‐tissue contractures during antibiotic spacer treatment. Spacers are highly customizable with regard to antibiotic choice, cement variety, and spacer design, each with reported advantages, drawbacks, and indications that will be covered in this article. While no spacer is superior to any other, the modern arthroplasty surgeon must be familiar with the available modalities to optimize treatment for each patient. Here we propose a treatment algorithm to assist surgeons in deciding on treatment for PJI after TKA.
Games, Strategies, and Boolean Formula Manipulation

This work describes the formalization of a process of converting strategies for two-player games of perfect information into Boolean formulas. This work also describes the development of some special purpose algorithms for manipulating Boolean formulas. While many of the concepts in this thesis are explained with specific implementations in mind, the ideas and formalizations are implementation-independent. In particular, this document describes the application of many of the concepts to real-world problems arising from ongoing molecular computation research.
A systematic review on gut–brain axis aberrations in bipolar disorder and methods of balancing the gut microbiota

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder that affects millions worldwide. Up to half of the diagnosed patients are reported to not receive adequate treatment. This study aims to assess the relationship between the gut–brain axis and BD and to discuss and compare the efficacy of varying methods of balancing gut microbiotas in BD.
Severity of Brugada syndrome disease manifestation and risk of new-onset depression or anxiety: a Danish nationwide study

Abstract Aims Reduced psychological health is associated with adverse patient outcomes and higher mortality. We aimed to examine if a Brugada syndrome (BrS) diagnosis and symptomatic disease presentation were associated with an increased risk of new-onset depression or anxiety and all-cause mortality. Methods and results All Danish patients diagnosed with BrS (2006–2018) with no history of psychiatric disease and available for ≥6 months follow-up were identified using nationwide registries and followed for up to 5 years after diagnosis. The development of clinical depression or anxiety was evaluated using the prescription of medication and diagnosis codes. Factors associated with developing new-onset depression or anxiety were determined using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Disease manifestation was categorized as symptomatic (aborted cardiac arrest, ventricular tachycardia, or syncope) or asymptomatic/unspecified at diagnosis. A total of 223 patients with BrS and no history of psychiatric disease were identified (72.6% male, median age at diagnosis 46 years, 45.3% symptomatic). Of these, 15.7% (35/223) developed new-onset depression or anxiety after BrS diagnosis (median follow-up 5.0 years). A greater proportion of symptomatic patients developed new-onset depression or anxiety compared with asymptomatic patients [21/101 (20.8%) and 14/122 (11.5%), respectively, P = 0.08]. Symptomatic disease presentation (HR 3.43, 1.46–8.05) and older age (lower vs. upper tertile: HR 4.41, 1.42–13.63) were significantly associated with new-onset depression or anxiety. All-cause mortality in this group of patients treated according to guidelines was low (n = 4, 1.8%); however, 3/4 developed depression or anxiety before death. Conclusion Approximately, one-sixth of patients with BrS developed new-onset depression or anxiety following a diagnosis of BrS. Symptomatic BrS disease manifestation was significantly associated with new-onset depression or anxiety.
Molecular functions of the double‐sided and inverted ubiquitin‐interacting motif found in Xenopus tropicalis cryptochrome 6

Cryptochromes (CRYs) are multifunctional molecules that act as a circadian clock oscillating factor, a blue‐light sensor, and a light‐driven magnetoreceptor. Cry genes are classified into several groups based on the evolutionary relationships. Cryptochrome 6 gene (Cry6) is present in invertebrates and lower vertebrates such as amphibians and fishes. Here we identified a Cry6 ortholog in Xenopus tropicalis (XtCry6). XtCRY6 retains a conserved long N‐terminal extension (termed CRY N‐terminal extension; CNE) that is not found in any CRY in the other groups. A structural prediction suggested that CNE contained unique structures; a tetrahelical fold structure topologically related to KaiA/RbsU domain, overlapping nuclear‐ and nucleolar‐localizing signals (NLS/NoLS), and a novel motif (termed DI‐UIM) overlapping a double‐sided ubiquitin‐interacting motif (DUIM) and an inverted ubiquitin‐interacting motif (IUIM). Potential activities of the NLS/NoLS and DI‐UIM were examined to infer the molecular function of XtCRY6. GFP‐NLS/NoLS fusion protein exogenously expressed in HEK293 cells was mostly observed in the nucleolus, while GFP‐XtCRY6 was observed in the cytoplasm. A glutathione S‐transferase (GST) pull‐down assay suggested that the DI‐UIM physically interacts with polyubiquitin. Consistently, protein docking simulations implied that XtCRY6 DI‐UIM binds two ubiquitin molecules in a relationship of a twofold rotational symmetry with the symmetry axis parallel or perpendicular to the DI‐UIM helix. These results strongly suggested that XtCRY6 does not function as a circadian transcriptional repressor and that it might have another function such as photoreceptive molecule regulating light‐dependent protein degradation or gene expression through a CNE‐mediated interaction with ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and/or nucleolus.
Mentalizing in an economic games context is associated with enhanced activation and connectivity in the left temporoparietal junction

Abstract Prior studies in Social Neuroeconomics have consistently reported activation in social cognition regions during interactive economic games, suggesting mentalizing during economic choice. Such mentalizing occurs during active participation in the game, as well as during passive observation of others’ interactions. We designed a novel version of the classic false-belief task (FBT) in which participants read vignettes about interactions between agents in the ultimatum and trust games and were subsequently asked to infer the agents’ beliefs. We compared activation patterns during the economic games FBT to those during the classic FBT using conjunction analyses. We find significant overlap in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, as well as the temporal pole (TP) during two task phases: belief formation and belief inference. Moreover, generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (gPPI) analyses show that during belief formation, the right TPJ is a target of both the left TPJ and the right TP seed regions, whereas during belief inferences all seed regions show interconnectivity with each other. These results indicate that across different task types and phases, mentalizing is associated with activation and connectivity across central nodes of the social cognition network. Importantly, this is the case for both the novel economic games and the classic FBTs.
Flow around a TBM: A Comparison of analytical and numerical models

The flow of bentonite and grout around a TBM influences the settlement trough that is created during TBM tunneling. Not taking into account this flow, leads to a calculated settlement trough that is too deep. Two calculation methods have been developed: a 1-D analytical model taking into account the basic aspects of this flow and assuming flow in only one direction and a 3-D numerical model, which also assumes flow in one direction, but considers the calculated width and spatial distribution of the steering gap using a hybrid Finite Element—Finite Difference model. The paper describes briefly both models (making reference to more elaborate descriptions) and compares the results of both models. It will be discussed what are the limits of the analytical model and where the numerical model has to be used. Both these research paths are combined in this paper that presents results of research on the influence of grout and bentonite flow around the TBM on the settlement through. A simple calculation model (Bezuijen, 2009) is implemented in a 3-D FEM program (Nagel, 2009) and the results of the calculation model itself are compared with the results of the numerical program. This allows investigating where the interaction between the models becomes important. The results of the 1-D calculation model have already be compared with the results of a 2-D numerical model (Bezuijen & Bakker, 2008), but here the TBM was not included in the model and it was only investigated what deformation would occur when the soil around a tunnel is pressurized with a liquid.
A deep learning-based application for COVID-19 diagnosis on CT: The Imaging COVID-19 AI initiative

Background Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications for chest imaging have emerged as potential tools to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives To develop a deep learning-based clinical decision support system for automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 on chest CT scans. Secondarily, to develop a complementary segmentation tool to assess the extent of lung involvement and measure disease severity. Methods The Imaging COVID-19 AI initiative was formed to conduct a retrospective multicentre cohort study including 20 institutions from seven different European countries. Patients with suspected or known COVID-19 who underwent a chest CT were included. The dataset was split on the institution-level to allow external evaluation. Data annotation was performed by 34 radiologists/radiology residents and included quality control measures. A multi-class classification model was created using a custom 3D convolutional neural network. For the segmentation task, a UNET-like architecture with a backbone Residual Network (ResNet-34) was selected. Results A total of 2,802 CT scans were included (2,667 unique patients, mean [standard deviation] age = 64.6 [16.2] years, male/female ratio 1.3:1). The distribution of classes (COVID-19/Other type of pulmonary infection/No imaging signs of infection) was 1,490 (53.2%), 402 (14.3%), and 910 (32.5%), respectively. On the external test dataset, the diagnostic multiclassification model yielded high micro-average and macro-average AUC values (0.93 and 0.91, respectively). The model provided the likelihood of COVID-19 vs other cases with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 94%. The segmentation performance was moderate with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.59. An imaging analysis pipeline was developed that returned a quantitative report to the user. Conclusion We developed a deep learning-based clinical decision support system that could become an efficient concurrent reading tool to assist clinicians, utilising a newly created European dataset including more than 2,800 CT scans.
Band structure of germanium carbides for direct bandgap silicon photonics

Compact optical interconnects require efficient lasers and modulators compatible with silicon. Ab initio modeling of Ge1−xCx (x = 0.78%) using density functional theory with HSE06 hybrid functionals predicts a splitting of the conduction band at Γ and a strongly direct bandgap, consistent with band anticrossing. Photoreflectance of Ge0.998C0. 002 shows a bandgap reduction supporting these results. Growth of Ge0.998C0. 002 using tetrakis(germyl)methane as the C source shows no signs of C-C bonds, C clusters, or extended defects, suggesting highly substitutional incorporation of C. Optical gain and modulation are predicted to rival III–V materials due to a larger electron population in the direct valley, reduced intervalley scattering, suppressed Auger recombination, and increased overlap integral for a stronger fundamental optical transition.
Referential signaling in a communally breeding bird

Referential signaling, a complex form of communication in which specific signals are associated with external referents, was once thought to be limited to primates. Recent research has documented referential signaling in several other cooperative taxa, predominantly in kin-based societies. Here, we show that greater anis, communally nesting birds that breed in nonkin groups, give one type of alarm call in response to aerial threats (flying raptors) and another to more general threats (nonaerial predators). Observational data show that anis give these calls in response to different classes of threats, and playback experiments in the field confirmed that the alarm calls alone are sufficient to elicit appropriate behavioral responses even in the absence of an actual threat. Genetic data on a subset of groups confirmed that breeding groups are composed of nonkin, suggesting that referential alarm calls are often given in situations when no genetic relatives are present. These results suggest that complex referential communication can occur in social groups composed of nonrelatives, despite the absence of kin-selected fitness benefits.
Effects of Fetal Growth Restriction on Postnatal Gut Microbiota in a Rat Model

Objective: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) indicates increased risks of lifestyle-related diseases in adulthood. Previous studies showed the association between human gut dysbiosis and various diseases. However, reports examining the relationship between FGR and gut microbiota are scarce. Herein, we hypothesized that FGR may cause gut dysbiosis and analyzed the gut microbiota in a FGR rat model by restricting maternal protein intake during pregnancy. Methods: The FGR group was developed by feeding pregnant Sprague Dawley rats a diet containing 7% protein until birth. Control rats were fed 21% protein. Fecal samples of 2–11-week-old pups were collected weekly. DNA was extracted from each sample and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. Additionally, short-chain fatty acids in the cecum were analyzed at 2 weeks of age, when there were differences in the occupancy of the gut microbiota. Results: Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota showed differences only at 2 weeks of age. Verrucomicrobia was significantly more abundant in the control group (q < 0.1), whereas pathogenic bacteria, including Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae, tended to increase in the FGR group. The abundance of acetic and butyric acid-producing bacteria also differed between groups. Acetic acid in the cecum was considerably decreased in the FGR group, while butyric acid was increased compared to that in the control group. Conclusions: Normalizing the alteration of FGR on postnatal gut microbiota may have beneficial effects for the host, since the FGR group caused gut dysbiosis.
A Satellite-Based Climatic Description of Jet Aircraft Contrails and Associations with Atmospheric Conditions, 1977–79

Abstract The possible contribution of jet aircraft condensation trails (contrails) to recent observed increases in high cloudiness constitutes a potentially important human effect on climate that has received relatively little attention. Very high resolution (0.6 km) thermal-infrared imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program polar orbiters, concentrated in the nighttime and morning hours, is interpreted to derive a climatic description of contrails over the United States and adjacent areas for the midseason months (April, July, October, and January) of 1977–79. A manual technique of identifying contrails on the imagery is validated by comparison with more recent ground-based observations. Contrail spatial distributions are mapped at a 1° lat × 1° long resolution for monthly and multimonth time periods. Contrail incidence is widespread over the United States and adjacent areas, with highest frequencies occurring over the following regions: the extreme Southwest (particularly southern Califo.
What do Australians affected by cancer think about oncology researchers sharing research data: a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: To characterise the attitudes of Australians affected by cancer towards the sharing of de-identified research data with third parties, including the public. Design, setting, participants: Anonymous online survey between October 2022 and February 2023 of adult Australians previously diagnosed with cancer. Main outcome measures: Self-reported attitudes towards the sharing of human and non-human data, and the hypothetical sharing of their anonymised medical information and responses to the survey. Results: 551 respondents contributed data to the survey. There was strong support for cancer researchers sharing non-human and de-identified human research data with medical doctors (90% and 95% respectively) and non-profit researchers (both 94%). However, this declined when participants were asked whether data should be shared with for-profit researchers (both 64%) or posted publicly (both 61%). When asked if they would hypothetically consent to researchers at their treatment location collecting and sharing their de-identified data publicly, only half agreed (50%). In contrast, after being shown a visual representation of the de-identified survey data, 80% of respondents supported sharing it publicly. A further 10% also supported public sharing of some of the survey data, with the most frequently desired information to be withheld including education history and levels of trust in healthcare stakeholders. Conclusions: Australians affected by cancer support the sharing of research data, particularly with clinician and non-profit researchers. Visualisation of the data to be shared may also enhance support for making research data publicly available. These results should help alleviate any concerns about research participants' attitudes on data sharing, as well as boost researchers' motivation for sharing.
Association of SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection and Cardiopulmonary Long COVID With Exercise Capacity and Chronotropic Incompetence Among People With HIV

Background: Long COVID has been associated with reduced exercise capacity, but whether SARS-CoV-2 infection or Long COVID is associated with reduced exercise capacity among people with HIV (PWH) has not been reported. We hypothesized that PWH with cardiopulmonary post-acute symptoms of COVID-19 (PASC) would have reduced exercise capacity due to chronotropic incompetence. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional cardiopulmonary exercise testing within a COVID recovery cohort that included PWH. We evaluated associations of HIV, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cardiopulmonary PASC with exercise capacity (peak oxygen consumption, VO2) and adjusted heart rate reserve (AHRR, chronotropic measure) with adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. Results: We included 83 participants (median age 54, 35% female). All 37 PWH were virally suppressed; 23 (62%) had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 11 (30%) had PASC. Peak VO2 was reduced among PWH (80% predicted vs 99%; p=0.005), a difference of 5.5 ml/kg/min (95%CI 2.7-8.2, p<0.001). Chronotropic incompetence more prevalent among PWH (38% vs 11%; p=0.002), and AHRR was reduced among PWH (60% vs 83%, p<0.0001). Among PWH, exercise capacity did not vary by SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, but chronotropic incompetence was more common among PWH with PASC: 3/14 (21%) without SARS-CoV-2, 4/12 (25%) with SARS-CoV-2 without PASC, and 7/11 (64%) with PASC (p=0.04 PASC vs no PASC). Conclusions: Exercise capacity and chronotropy are lower among PWH compared to SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals without HIV. Among PWH, SARS-CoV-2 infection and PASC were not strongly associated with reduced exercise capacity. Chronotropic incompetence may be a mechanism limiting exercise capacity among PWH.
Pectoralis muscle dosimetry and post-treatment rehabilitation utilization for early-stage breast cancer patients

Up to 50% of women treated for localized breast cancer will experience some degree of arm or shoulder morbidity. While radiation is thought to contribute to this morbidity, the mechanism remains unclear. Prior studies have shown biologic and radiographic changes in the pectoralis muscles after radiation. This study thus aims to investigate the relationship between radiation to the pectoralis muscles and referrals for rehabilitation services post-treatment for arm and shoulder morbidity. A retrospective 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted for breast cancer patients who were and were not referred for breast or shoulder rehabilitation services between 2014-2019 at a single academic institution. Patients were included if they had a lumpectomy and adjuvant radiation. Patients who underwent an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) were excluded. Cohorts were matched based on age, axillary surgery, and use of radiation boost. Muscle doses were converted to EQD2 assuming an /{beta} ratio of 2.5 and were compared between the two groups. In our cohort of 50 patients of a median age 60 years (interquartile range (IQR) 53-68 years), 36 patients (72%) underwent a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in addition to a lumpectomy. While pectoralis muscle doses were generally higher in those receiving rehabilitation services, this was not statistically significant . Pectoralis major V20-40Gy reached borderline significance, as did pectoralis major mean dose (17.69Gy vs. 20.89Gy, p=0.06). In this limited cohort of patients, we could not definitively conclude a relationship between pectoralis muscle doses and use of rehabilitation services. Given the borderline significant findings, this should be further investigated in a larger cohort.