Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidative effects of boric acid on different developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Tarimsal zararlilar ile mucadelede sentetik organik insektisitler yogun olarak kullanilmaktadir. Borik asit organik kimyasal insektisitlere gore hedef olmayan organizmalara karsi daha dusuk toksisiteye sahip olmasi nedeniyle onem tasimaktadir. Bu amacla calismamizda meyve sinegi Drosophila melanogaster Meigen,1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae)'in birinci donem larvalari borik asitin farkli konsantrasyonlarini (10, 100, 200 ve 300 mg/L) iceren yapay besinler ile yetistirilmistir. Drosophila melanogaster ' in ucuncu donem larva, pupa, ergin donemleri ve yumurtalarinda oksidatif stresin onemli indikatorleri olan lipid peroksidasyonu urunu malondialdehid (MDA) ve protein oksidasyon urunu protein karbonil miktarlari (PCO) ile detoksifikasyon enzimi glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST) aktivitesi uzerine etkisi incelenmistir. Borik asitin denenen konsantrasyonlarini iceren yapay besinler ile yetistirilen D. melanogaster ’ in ucuncu donem larvalarinin MDA miktari onemli derecede artmistir. Yuksek borik asit ile yetistirilen erginlerin 10 gun sureyle 300 mg/L borik asit iceren besin ile beslenilmesi sonucunda kontrol besinine gore disi ve erkek bireylerde MDA ve PCO miktarlari onemli derecede artmistir. Bu disilerin yumurtalarindaki MDA, PCO miktarlari ve GST aktivitesi onemli derecede artarken, PCO miktarindaki artis yaklasik 31 kati oraninda olmustur. Sonuclarimiz, borik asitin yuksek konsantrasyonlariyla beslenen D. melanogaster ’in tum gelisme donemlerindeki oksidatif stres indikatorleri ve detoksifikasyon enzimi uzerine oldukca etkili oldugunu gostermistir.
Participation of metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 gene on lipogenesis and chemoresistance of gastric cancer.

e15026 Background: The effectiveness of chemotherapy are limited as a result of drug resistance which is a problem to be solved in the clinical field. However, little is known about resistance mechanisms about Herceptin in gastric cancer. Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1(MACC1), a newly oncogene associated with proliferation, invasion, metastasis and prognosis in different cancers, was also identified in gastric cancer. Our studies aim to investigate whether MACC1 is invovled in drug resistance and to explore the potential mechanisms concerned. Methods: We successfully established two gastric cancer cell lines(BGC-823 and MKN-28) with MACC1 overexpression and downregulation. And then, MACC1 expression levels were significantly correlated with the major enzymes of lipogenesis containing fatty acid synthase (FASN)/ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) by QRT-PCR and Western blot. We used C75, a FASN inhibitor and siFASN(that is, small interfering RNA targeted at FASN) to mediate t.
Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (P53) in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma in relation to tumor grade

Background: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland malignancy. They display a variety of biological behaviours, and several systems have, therefore, been proposed to grade this neoplasm. Today, the most popular grading systems are Auclair et al, (1992) and Brandwein et al,(2001) grading systems. Assessment of cellular proliferation, apoptosis and growth molecules are important factors in tumor kinetic which may reflect tumor biological behaviour. Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical analyses of seventeen cases of -fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of MEC of salivary gland origin using (Ki-67, P53 and EGFR) monoclonal antibodies. Results: The samples comprised of ten males and seven females to give male to female ratio (1.4:1). The mean age was (47.06±8.5) years. The submandibular salivary gland was the most predominant affected site (5 cases). 100% of cases were EGFR immunopositive. Only 47% of MEC cases showed Ki-67 immunopositivity, while P53 immunopositivity were shown in 94% of MEC cases. There was no statistically significant correlation regarding P53 or EGFR markers in relation with grading systems. There was a statistically significant correlation between the expression of Ki-67 marker and Auclair grading system. There were no significant statistical correlation among markers except between Ki-67 expression and P53. Conclusions: Assessment of tumor biology in term of apoptosis (p53), proliferation (Ki-67) and EGFR are not reflected on tumor grade.
First investigations of the consumption of seal carcasses by terrestrial and marine scavengers

Marine mammal carrion contains a large amount of nutrients and energy of potential value to terrestrial and marine scavengers, but its impact on coastal habitats has not been studied. This study aimed to provide a detailed documentation of the fate of two grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup carcasses, one placed on the shore of Little Cumbrae and one at a depth of 6 m off Great Cumbrae, Firth of Clyde, and a record of the changes in the carcasses and the succession of scavengers using these resources. The carcasses were monitored using time lapse and/or motion-activated cameras. On the shore, great black-backed gulls, juvenile gulls and ravens fed on the carcass and there was a distinct shift in the relative proportions of the bird groups feeding over the period observed. Herring gulls spent significantly less of their time at the carcass feeding than other birds, while lesser black-backed gulls were not observed scavenging despite being common on the island. Over the six week period of observation, more than 90% of the carcass was consumed. However, the deployment of the carcass did not influence the spatial and temporal distribution of the scavenging birds. The underwater carcass was monitored for two periods of two weeks and one week respectively. In the first period Echinodermata (dominated by Asterias rubens) had the highest maximum number of individuals at the carcass, followed by Actinopterygii (fish) and Malacostraca (crabs). Numbers of fish and starfish dropped in the second period, while crustaceans were present in similar numbers as previously. The daily mass loss of the carcasses was 0.56 and 0.07 kg day-1 in the terrestrial and marine ecosystems respectively. Both the terrestrial and marine experiments displayed evidence of bacterial activity. In the absence of any previous detailed study, the present work provides important insights into the roles of seal carcasses in coastal systems, especially in an era when carrion from fisheries discards will become increasingly unavailable.
Stochastic simulation of the economic viability of feedlot steers fed with different proportions of concentrate = Simulação estocástica da viabilidade econômica do confinamento de novilhos alimentados com diferentes proporções de concentrado

The economic viability of feedlot zebu bulls, slaughtered at 450 kg after 90 days of feeding with diets consisting of different proportions of concentrate in dry matter (40, 60 or 80%), was estimated using Monte Carlo simulations, with or without the inclusion of Spearman rank correlations among random input variables, stochastic dominance (DOM) and sensitivity analysis (SENS). The roughage used was chopped sugar cane. Cash flow with indicators of performance, and probability distributions of all items of cost and revenue (from 2003 to 2014), were used to stimulate net present value (NPV), the financial indicator. Latin hypercube sampling and a Mersenne Twister random number generator were employed for the simulation with 2000 interactions. The risk was found to be more accurately estimated when correlations between random input variables were included (probability of NPV ≥ 0 ± standard deviation was 35 ± 166.05% and 31 ± 139.75% for the simulation without and with correlation, respectively). Considering this result, DOM and SENS were only carried out including these correlations. The expected value for NPV was similar between the different levels of concentrate (average USD -62/animal and NPV ≥ 0 of 33%) according to DOM analysis of simulations including correlations. From the SENS analysis, the final weight, finished cattle price, feeder cattle price and initial weight were the items with the greatest influence on NPV, regardless of the level of concentrate used, followed by intake and the cost-related items of diet and minimum rate of attractiveness. Based on the results obtained by simulation, the direct benefit of feedlot could be classified as high risk, suggesting the increased use of Monte Carlo simulation for decision-making.
PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN child day care centers: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Intestinal parasites are among the most commonly found pathogens in humans and are considered a public health problem. The frequency of intestinal parasites was evaluated in children and staff at two day care centers in the city of Ituiutaba, Brazil and health encouragement activities were developed. For parasite detection in stool samples the Ritchie’s technique and the Hoffman-Pons-Janer, Baermann-Moraes, Willis and Ziehl-Neelsen methods were applied. Of 140 children, 88 (62.9%) were positive, where Giardia intestinalis cysts were present in 65 children (51.1%), Entamoeba coli in 22 (17.3%), Endolimax nana in 12 (9.4%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar in 9 (7%), Hymenolepis nana eggs were found in 5 (4%), hookworms in 4 (3.1%), Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis in 3 (2.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichiura, Cryptosporidium spp. and Iodamoeba butschlii in one child (0.8%). Among the 41 employees examined, 10 (24.3%) were positive, E. coli cysts were found in 6 samples (35.2%) and E. nana in 5 (29.4%), followed by E. histolytica/E. dispar in 4 (23.6%) and G. intestinalis and E. vermicularis eggs in (5.9%). The data show the high frequency of intestinal parasites in fecal samples analyzed and demonstrate the importance of adopting preventive measures such as health and education involving the community.
Antimicrobial producing microbes isolated from soil samples collected from Nanga Merit Forest in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

This study was carried out to screen for potential antimicrobial producing microbes from soil samples collected from Nanga Merit forest. After primary and secondary screening, one bacterial isolate (B17) and four fungal isolates (F10, F11, F14 and F26) produced antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of the methanol extract from isolate B17 against the four tested bacteria was determined by disk-diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. The MIC values when tested against S. aureus, S. typhi, and E. coli were 25μg/μl whereas the MIC value was 12.5μg/μl when tested against E. aerogenes. In the agar well diffusion method, the respective MIC values were < 1. 5625μg/μl for S. aureus, 12.5 μg/μl for both the S. typhi and E. coli, and 9.375 μg/μl for E. aerogenes. Besides, extracts from F26 cultivated on PDA, CDA, and V8 juice agar showed weak activity against E. aerogenes and was not tested further for its MIC values. The extract from B17 also exhibit antifungal activity when tested against test fungus (Fusarium sp.). Fungal isolates (F10, F11, F14 and F26) cultivated on PDA exhibited great antifungal activities.
Gene Expression of Neural Markers in Human Dental Follicle Cells

Neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the loss of functioning neural cells in the nervous system. Many studies reported that function can be restored by replacing lost cells with stem cells that can mature into neural cells. From this perspective, mesenchymal stem cells represent a valuable tool for regenerative therapy because of their ability to differentiate along several lineages, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neural cells. The dental follicle is an ectomesenchymal tissue surrounding the developing tooth germ. Human dental follicle cells(hDFCs)have the capacity to commit to differentiation into multiple cell types. In this study, we investigated the capacity of hDFCs to differentiate into neural cells, and the efficiency of the neural differentiation process. There was a gene relevant to a neural cell in hDFC. We expanded these findings to address the gene expression of neural markers in hDFCs during neuronal differentiation. The expression levels of Musashi(MSI)-1 and -2, which are neural progenitor cell markers, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) which is a neuronal cell marker, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)and myelin basic protein (MBP), which are glial cell markers, were up-regulated in hDFCs undergoing neural differentiation during culture in neuronal differentiation medium. The expression of tubulin-III(TUBB3), which is an early neuronal cell marker, was peaked on day 3. Furthermore, expression of Nestin(NES) did not change. In conclusion, these in vitro data suggest that hDFCs have the capacity to differentiate along neural lineages, raising the possibility that hDFCs may represent a practical and convenient source of adult stem cells for cell-based therapies to treat neurological diseases or trauma.
p24 levels in vitro are affected positively or negatively depending by the production site of the probiotic

VSL#3 probiotic has been subject of research in SIV/HIV showing protective effects on the gut and immune response (1,2,3). Recently, manufacturing of VSL#3 has been moved from USA to Italy (3). Since changing manufacturer may impact the characteristics of probiotics (4), we compared the in vitro anti-HIV activity of the previously “USA-made” VSL#3 (lot. TM091) versus the “Italy-made” VSL#3 (lot 507132). Methodology: PHA activated donor PBMCs were HIV-1 infected (positive control) or incubated with probiotic suspensions before HIV-1 infection at the following bacteria/cell proportions: 1:10; 1:1; 10:1; infected PBMCs were 96 well plate cultured for 7 days with IL2 (20U/mL) and supernatants were tested for p24 concentrations. Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Results: The two formulations have divergent effects on in vitro HIV-infected cultures. While the “USA-made” product had an inhibitory activity (4%), the “Italy made” product increased the level of p24, especially at the 1:10 ratio (+8%). Discussion: Our data for the first time raise concerns about the “no-harm myth” for probiotics and their role in changing gut flora during HIV replication. Investigations are in progress to clarify why depending from the manufacturing sites this probiotic can inhibit or enhance viral antigen release.
Germination, seedling growth, amylase and protease activities in Malaysian upland rice seed under microbial inoculation condition

The author evaluated the effects of PPGR (plant promoting growth rhizobacteria) inoculation on seedling establishment and enzymatic activity in particular amylase and protease activity during germination of upland rice seeds. Through this study, we carried out an experiment by using three bacterial strains, Nitrosomonas europaea, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Acinetobacter sp. on two landraces, SK1 and Panderas. We discovered that SK1 seedlings had the maximum increment of radicle length in response to Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Treatment B) with 4.50cm and gave significant result compared to other treatments. The vigor index of SK1 seeds also gave the same significant effect using the same strain, (P<0.05) compared to control. The vigor index of seedlings inoculated with treatment B was found to be 856.67 which was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to control treatment except for treatment A and B. The highest amylase released by seeds treated with AC. Single microbial inoculants (A, B and C) showed slow increment at the beginning of day 2 but increased up to 3 fold compared to multiple microbial inoculants (AB, AC, BC, ABC). However, control treatment gave a comparable result to multiple microbial inoculants at the 5th day. Thus, these results give a clear picture for the potential of PPGR for the upland rice germination and seedling establishment.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Soil Inhabitant Penicillia

Penicillium is one of the most abundant components of soil fungal flora around the world. Several studies have been conducted on Penicillium identification to date,but most of them were associated with classical methods and morphological studies. In this investigation, more than fifty of soil samples from different provinces of Iran were collected and examined with soil suspension culture. Among various fungi, only Penicillium was selected. The pure cultures were prepared on PDA slants. Total DNA of isolates was extracted after culture in PDB media and was amplified with ribosomal region primers, ITS4 and ITS5,then were sequenced. Results of obtained sequences were compared with sequences exist in GenBank and these species were identified: Penicillium aculeatum, P. aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum, P. citrinum, P. commune, P.crustosum, P.pinophilum, and P. simplicissimum. Molecular identification of soil inhabitant Penicillia is a rapid method for accurate assessment of these fungal populations.
Toxicity Due to Arsenic in Gangetic Zone of Patna, India and Its Linkage with Cancer

Arsenic (As), a well-known environmental toxicant naturally found in rocks in the earth’s crust contaminates groundwater. Patna, a highly populated district of Bihar, India, is situated on the banks of the river Ganges in the area commonly referred to as the Gangetic-Zone. The entire district of Patna is divided into 23 blocks. The purpose of this study was to assess the concentration of As in drinking water and blood samples of people residing in different blocks of Patna. Drinking water and blood samples were collected from all 23 blocks of Patna. Estimation of As in water samples was done using Arsenic Kit. The observed value was further validated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with Vapor Generation Assembly (AAS-VGA). More than 50 ppb of As was observed in drinking water samples of 15 blocks (Athmalgola, Bakhtiyarpur, Barh, Belchhi, Bikram, Bihta, Daniyawan, Dulhin Bazaar, Fatuha, Ghoswari, Khusrupur, Maner, Mokama, Paliganj and Pandarakh). A concentration of more than100 ppb of As was detected in the samples from Danapur and Naubatpur, which is more than10 times the WHO permissible limit of 10 ppb. Sample population exhibited high incidence of cancers of various organs such as skin, breast, liver, and gall bladder. Nodular keratosis on palm and sole of the affected population was also observed. As contamination was not observed in the blood samples of healthy people included in the study. The study showed that surveyed population of blocks of Patna district with high As accumulation in groundwater had a high accumulation of As in their blood samples. High incidence of cancers of skin, liver, breast and gall bladder was also observed in these blocks. The study therefore demonstrates a high degree of correlation between elevated groundwater As concentration and high As concentration in blood stream of persons affected by cancer. The study further concludes that As accumulation is one of the factors causing high rate of cancer in affected areas.
Morphological and histological studies on the ovaries of the small-scaled terapon, Terapon puta, from Lake Timsah, Ismailia governorate, Egypt -

Morphological and histological studies were carried out on the ovaries of the small-scaled terapon, Terapon puta, from the Lake Timsah, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The fish specimens were seasonally collected during a period of three consecutive years that extended from June 2011 to May 2014. The morphological studies of T. puta indicate that the maturity stages of the ovaries could be divided into three stages, namely: the pre-spawning, the spawning and the post-spawning stages. Histologically, the oogenesis in T. puta is divided into six oocyte developmental stages, namely: oogonium, chromatin nucleolar, early perinucleolar, late perinucleolar, vesicular and vitellogenic stages. Moreover, the oogonia, chromatin nucleolar, early and late perinucleolar are found all over the year, however they are predominant in the pre-spawning and post-spawning seasons, but they are rarely encountered in the spawning season. In addition, the vesicular oocytes are usually abundant in the pre-spawning and spawning seasons and entirely absent in the post-spawning season. In addition, the vitellogenic stage is of common occurrence in the ovaries during the spawning season; however, it is rarely encountered during the post-spawning season and entirely absent in the pre-spawning season.
Development and Assimilate Partitioning in Wildtype and Miniature Phenotype Maize Kernels

Maize miniature1 (mn1) is a seed specific maize mutant characterized by kernels deficient in invertase activity and with one fifth the mass of wildtype maize. Both selfpollinated wildtype and mn1 plants and split-pollinated plants with mn1 as the maternal parent were used to study development and assimilate partitioning in the maize kernel. Split-pollination simultaneously applies self and wildtype pollen to separate groups of silks on homozygous mn1 plants to produce both wildtype and mn1 phenotype kernels on a single ear. It facilitates comparative analysis of kernel development of two endosperm genotypes mn1mn1mn1 and Mn1mn1mn1 (designated mn and wt kernels, respectively) on a common mn1 maternal plant. One dose of the Mn1 gene is sufficient to restore kernels to full size (wildtype phenotype). The wt kernels not only resemble homozygous wildtype kernels in size but also in many physiological characteristics, such as endosperm cell number, starch granule number, endosperm cell nuclei endoreduplication pattern, presence of invertase activity at kernel base, and sucrose partitioning. Homozygous mn1 kernels were significantly different from homozygous wildtype kernels in the pattern of assimilate compartmentation and partitioning in the growth period from 10 to 22 DAP (days after pollination). Similarly, differences in assimilate partitioning were found in wt and mn kernels of split-pollinated plants. Sucrose concentration did not differ between mn and wt kernels at 10 DAP, a period before strong sink development in maize kernels, but was higher in mn than wt kernels during rapid grain filling of wt kernels at 21 DAP. The differences of glucose and fructose specific activity between the two type kernels were significant at both 10 and 21 DAP. The difference in specific activity of sucrose between the two kernel types was significant only at 21 but not at 10 DAP. Significant differences in kernel tissue sugar composition and compartmentation were observed between homozygous wildtype and mn1 tissues from 10 to 22 DAP. In pedicel tissue, homozygous mn1 kernels had a higher percentage of sucrose and lower percentage of hexoses than wildtype kernels. That the difference in sugar percentage between the two genotypes became more dramatic in placental-chalazal