Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LEARNING AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION NEXUS

The new Knowledge (or Conceptual) Age of this millennium is creating a globalised economy that requires a much more diverse range of skills and dispositions yet many countries’ education systems still promote an outdated Industrial Age model of teaching and learning. In New Zealand, as in many other countries, there has recently been an emphasis on raising the level of qualification and success of students in school. ‘No child left behind’ philosophies feature in many countries and much money has been spent on trying to raise the levels of achievement of underperforming groups and keeping students in schools longer. Industrial Age schools screened, sorted and disciplined students for work and life in society (Bolstad & Gilbert, 2008). This has been done through traditional learning disciplines where study has been largely content and assessment driven. A 21st century curriculum will develop in students a generic capacity and aspiration to learn (Claxton 2007). Recent research has identified the twenty-first century skills people will require for successful integration into a wider range of communities. The writers will introduce two perspectives developed to address twenty-first century learning and highlight how the Technology Education curriculum and Guided Inquiry are ideally suited for delivering this skill set. Technology Education and Guided Inquiry (Kuhlthau, Maniotes & Caspari 2007) pedagogy engage students in meaningful and successful 21st century learning. The first perspective is the Framework for 21st Century Learning (Partnership for 21st Century Skills 2009) and the other, the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education 2007). Key words: guided inquiry, life-long learning, technology education, twenty first century learning.
SNAP Work Requirement and Food Insecurity

In this paper, I examine the eﬀect of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) work requirement reinstatement on food insecurity outcomes of able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs). The policy restricts SNAP beneﬁts of ABAWDs to 3 months in a 36 months period if they are not working or participating in any work program for at least 20 hours a week. In the aftermath of the 2008 recession, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 waived work requirements nationwide, and many states reimplemented the work rule at diﬀerent times beginning in 2011. I employ a diﬀerence-in-diﬀerences approach utilizing this cross-state variation in the reimplementation of the policy. Using rich information on food aﬀordability and food intake behavior from the Food Security Supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS-FSS), I ﬁnd that promoting work for food assistance improved the overall food security status of ABAWDs by reducing disruptions in food intake, anxiety over food aﬀordability and dependency on emergency food receipt. Subsample analyses indicate that eﬀects are stronger for never married and less educated ABAWDs.
Damping in running during impact phase – an energetic approach

Various studies demonstrated that analyzing impact peaks and loading rates of ground reaction forces often leads to differing results [Cavanagh 1990; Nigg 2001]. Using single discrete values to characterize curves increases the error rate [Oriwol et al. 2009] and raises the question if single values can describe curve sections of approx. 50ms. Furthermore, estimating ‘cushioning’ by force parameters is a physically problematic approach. Due to these problems and lack of an appropriate damping parameter the purpose of the present study was to quantify damping in running for the impact phase, and to determine the influence of running shoes on damping. The present work was limited to the vertical components of ground reaction force and center of mass (CoM) displacement to achieve comparability to common ground reaction force parameters.
The perception of agricultural extension agents on job motivation in Kwara State Nigeria

This study examined extension agent perception on job motivation in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study engaged the entire 106 agricultural extension agents in Kwara State. Data were analysed using both Descriptive Statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Results showed that the major perceived motivating factors among extension agents in Kwara State in descending order were the following:supervision of work, recognition for good work, feedback from supervision, evaluation of work, salary increment, meeting with supervisor, promotion prospect, annual leave opportunity, payment of salary at the right time, and good housing opportunity while motivation by pay than money was considered as a minor motivating factor. The PPMC result showed that significant determinants of job motivation were age (P=0.025), gender (P=0.032), education (0.025), and experience (P=0.032) at P< 0.05. The study recommended among others that the members of staff who perform supervisory roles in the organization should be given more training that places more emphasis on supervision. Keywords : perception, job motivation, extension agent, Kwara state, Nigeria
Effect of Test Conditions on Electromigration Reliability of Sn–Ag–Cu Flip-Chip Solder Interconnects

The high-temperature operation life test (HTOL) was conducted in this paper to study electromigration phenomena of solder interconnects in a flip-chip package assembly. We examined the fatigue reliability and morphological patterns of three solder compositions: Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu, Sn-3.5Ag-1Cu, and Sn-3Ag-1.5Cu, subjected to two test conditions consisting of different average current densities and ambient temperatures (5 kA/cm 2 at 150°C and 20 kA/cm 2 at 30°C). It is interesting to realize that as the Cu weight content of the solder composition increases, the fatigue life increases under 5 kA/cm 2 at 150°C but decreases under 20 kA/cm 2 at 30°C. Observed electromigration morphologies along with computed current density and temperature distributions on solder interconnects from the electrothermal coupling analysis were examined, correlated, and discussed.
Comparative study on the impact of individual and institutional ownership on firm ..

The study aims to examine the relationship between individual ownership, institutional ownership and firm performance. Further it comparatively analyses the impact of both institutional and individual ownership on firm performance. For this purpose, data have been collected from 64 firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period of 10 years (2011 2020). Random effects model has been employed to test the research hypotheses. This study compares the effect of individual and institutional ownership on firm performance. Result of the study shows that both institutional and individual ownership significantly affect firm performance. However, the degree of the effect is different for both individual and institutional investors. The institutional ownership influences the firm performance twice than the individual investors influence the performance. The results also reveal that the firm performance is positively associated with the firm size while negatively related with the financial leverage. Findings of the study are important for shareholders, managers, academicians and decision makers. They can use information to frame investors’ friendly policies and guide shareholders in taking right financial decisions.
A Nomogram to Predict Survival and Determine Necessity of Induction Chemotherapy for Patients With Stage T3-4N1 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

BackgroundThe value of induction chemotherapy (IC) is still controversial for stage T3-4N1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Therefore, we established a nomogram to predict clinical outcome and explore the therapeutic efficiency of IC. MethodsOverall, 699 stage T3-4N1 NPC patients treated with CCRT with or without IC between January 2010 and December 2018 were examined. Overall survival (OS) was regarded the main endpoint. A nomogram was developed including prognostic variables selected by multivariate analysis. The Harrell Concordance Index (C-index), calibration curves, and time-dependent receiver operator characteristic (td-ROC) curves were performed to assess the predictive ability of the nomogram. All patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the optimal cutoff of risk score to investigate the role of IC. Resultshe nomogram yielded C-index of C-index of 0.725 (95% CI: 0.672–0.778) in the training and 0.647 (95% CI: 0.580–0.742) in the validation cohort. Calibration curves for 3- and 5-year OS rate suggested a good association between the nomogram predicted and actual observed probabilities. Td-ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminatory ability. In the high-risk group, no statistically significant difference was observed between patients receiving IC + CCRT and those with CCRT alone. However, in the low-risk group, the applying of IC was associated with worse locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Conclusionse established and validated a nomogram for LA-NPC patients with N1 disease to predict OS and determine necessity of IC, which has satisfactory prognosis predicting ability and clinical practicability. The use of IC for stage T3-4N1 NPC patients should be considered carefully.
Institutional Liquidity Demand and the Internalization of Retail Order Flow: The Tail Does Not Wag the Dog

The decision of wholesalers to internalize retail order flow primarily reflects institutional liquidity demand. We first use the Tick Size Pilot to highlight this decision’s influence on the retail trade imbalances denoted Mroib by Boehmer et al. (2021). We then show that wholesalers internalize more retail order flow when institutional demand is higher, leading Mroib to be inversely related to institutional order flow. Intraday returns move in the same direction as institutional price pressure but the opposite direction of Mroib . Moreover, | Mroib | is highest when institutional trading costs are highest. Distant future returns display strong ∪ -shaped patterns conditional on Mroib , consistent with a permanent liquidity premium driving the positive relation between these returns and the magnitude of | Mroib | .
Airway Wall Remodeling in Childhood Asthma—A Personalized Perspective from Cell Type-Specific Biology

Airway wall remodeling is a pathology occurring in chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In 2017, the American Thoracic Society released a research statement highlighting the gaps in knowledge and understanding of airway wall remodeling. The four major challenges addressed in this statement were: (i) the lack of consensus to define “airway wall remodeling” in different diseases, (ii) methodologic limitations and inappropriate models, (iii) the lack of anti-remodeling therapies, and (iv) the difficulty to define endpoints and outcomes in relevant studies. This review focuses on the importance of cell-cell interaction, especially the bronchial epithelium, in asthma-associated airway wall remodeling. The pathology of “airway wall remodeling” summarizes all structural changes of the airway wall without differentiating between different pheno- or endo-types of asthma. Indicators of airway wall remodeling have been reported in childhood asthma in the absence of any sign of inflammation; thus, the initiation event remains unknown. Recent studies have implied that the interaction between the epithelium with immune cells and sub-epithelial mesenchymal cells is modified in asthma by a yet unknown epigenetic mechanism during early childhood.
Stormwater characteristics and new testing methods for certain sustainable urban drainage systems in The Netherlands

The results obtained in this study are encouraging and important for the implementation of permeable pavement and swales in The Netherlands, since the performance of SUDS in delta areas and in areas in the world with comparable hydraulic circumstances has been viewed with skepticism. The research undertaken on Dutch SUDS field installations has demonstrated with new, full scale monitoring methods that most of the bioretention swales and permeable pavements tested in this study meet the required hydraulic performance levels even after years in operation and without maintenance. Standardized tests of sedimentation devices however demonstrated that these facilities have a limited effectiveness for particles smaller than 60 µm while receiving a normal hydraulic loading. The applied methods of full scale testing of SUDS can easily be applied to observe the hydraulic performance of swales and permeable pavement after years of operation. Innovative monitoring methods and visualization of these experiments using video footage allows real-time observation of the entire infiltration process. Recording these observations in a logbook can provide insight in their demand of maintenance and can also help to improve their design.
A Quarter-Car Experimental Analysis of Alternative Semiactive Control Methods

The performance of three semiactive control policies, including the well-known skyhook control and two others that are referred to as “groundhook” and “hybrid” control, are studied experimentally. The experiments use a single suspension apparatus that is commonly referred to as “quarter-car” rig, and a magnetorheological damper that is built and tuned for the purpose of this study. Upon describing the mathematics of the three semiactive control policies and the construction of the quarter-car rig, the results of a series of experiments with each control policy are presented. The transmissibility plots of the test results confirm the features of each control policy, as discussed in the past analytical studies. The results indicate that skyhook control can significantly reduce the transmissibility of the sprung mass, as compared with passive dampers. Similarly, groundhook control substantially reduces the unsprung mass transmissibility. For vehicle applications, reducing the sprung mass transmissibility often results in improving the ride comfort, and reducing the unsprung mass transmissibility provides less wheel hop, therefore resulting in better road holding ability and improved vehicle stability. The test results for hybrid control, which is intended to provide a combined effect of skyhook and groundhook, indicate that it holds the promise of achieving a semiactive control policy that can be slowly adapted to the driving condition and vehicle dynamics for better vehicle stability and ride comfort.
Non-Specific Interactions of Rhizospheric Microbial Communities Support the Establishment of Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea in an Amazon Rehabilitating Mineland

Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea (Fabaceae) is endemic to ferruginous tropical rocky outcrops in the eastern Amazon, also known as canga. Canga are often associated with mining activities and are the target of protection and rehabilitation projects. M. acutistipula stands out in this biodiversity hotspot with high growth rates, even in rehabilitating minelands (RMs). However, little is known about the diversity of soil microorganisms interacting with M. acutistipula in canga and RMs. This study analyzed the rhizosphere-associated bacterial and fungal microbial communities associated with M. acutistipula growing in an RM and a native shrub canga. The fungal phylum Ascomycota was the dominant taxa identified in the rhizosphere of the canga (RA: 98.1) and RM (RA: 93.1). The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria (RA: 54.3) and Acidobacteria (RA: 56.2) were the dominant taxa identified in the rhizosphere in the canga and RM, respectively. Beneficial genera such as Bradyrhizobium, Rhodoplanes, and Paraconiothyrium were identified in the rhizosphere of M. acutistipula in both areas. However, the analyses showed that the fungal and bacterial diversity differed between the rhizosphere of the canga and RM, and that the microbial taxa adapted to the canga (i.e., Rasamsonia, Scytalidium, Roseiarcus, and Rhodomicrobium) were lacking in the RM. This influences the microbe-mediated soil processes, affecting long-term rehabilitation success. The results showed that M. acutistipula established non-specific interactions with soil microorganisms, including beneficial taxa such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and other beneficial endophytes, well known for their importance in plant adaptation and survival. High levels of microbe association and a plant’s ability to recruit a wide range of soil microorganisms help to explain M. acutistipula’s success in rehabilitating minelands.
Relationship between Project Interaction and Performance Indicators

Researchers and practicing engineers have recently paid considerable attention to alternative ap­ proaches to project integration, such as partnering, design-build, constructability, and combinations of these. Each approach may improve a project's integration by increasing the quality and/or quantity of interaction between designers and builders. It is generally accepted that project performance can be enhanced when inter­ action occurs on a regular basis, beginning early in the project, in an open and trusting environment. This paper presents a method for . m~asuring a project's degree of interaction (001), and verifies the relationship between 001 and performance mdicators such as cost growth, schedule growth, and number of modifications. The writers apply the analytic hierarchy process technique in weighting criteria for measuring 001. Data were collected from 25 recently c? mpleted public-sector projects using traditional and alternative approaches. The projects with low DOl have a Wide range of cost and schedule growth and number of modifications, while projects with high 001 tend to have better and more consistent performance indicators. Researchers and practicing engineers have recently paid considerable attention to alternative approaches to project in­ tegration, such as partnering, design-build, constructability, and combinations of these. Each of the approaches may im­ prove a project's integration by increasing the quality and/or quantity of interaction between designers and builders. It is generally accepted that project performance can be enhanced when the interaction occurs on a regular basis, beginning at an early stage in the project, in an open and trusting environ­ ment. This paper presents a method for measuring a project's de­ gree of interaction (001), and verifies the relationship between 001 and performance indicators such as cost growth, schedule growth, and number of modifications. Data were collected from 25 public-sector projects using traditional and alternative approaches. These approaches include traditional design-bid­ build, partnering, design-build, constructability, and combina­ tions of these approaches. Rather than focus on these different ~pproac.hes,. the writers attempted to get at the issue of project mtegration itself. A method was developed to measure a proj­ ect's 001 directly, using interaction time and the analytic hi­ erarchy process technique to weight interaction in different phases. Each project's 001 score was compared and correlated with the performance indicators. The projects with low DOl have a wider range of cost and schedule growth and number of modifications. Projects with high DOl tend to have less variance, lower schedule growth, and fewer modifications. BACKGROUND
The eMERLIN and EVN View of FR 0 Radio Galaxies

We present the results from high-resolution observations carried out with the eMERLIN UK-array and the European VLBI network (EVN) for a sample of 15 FR 0s, i.e., compact core-dominated radio sources associated with nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs), which represent the bulk of the local radio galaxy population. The 5 GHz eMERLIN observations available for five objects exhibit sub-mJy core components and reveal pc-scale twin jets for four out of five FR 0s once the eMERLIN and JVLA archival visibilities data are combined. The 1.66 GHz EVN observations available for 10 FR 0s display one- and two-sided jetted morphologies and compact cores. The pc-scale core emission contributes, on average, to about one tenth of the total extended radio emission, although we noted an increasing core contribution for flat-/inverted-spectrum sources. We found an unprecedented linear correlation between the pc-scale core luminosity (∼1021.3–1023.6 W Hz−1) and [O III] line luminosity, generally considered as proxy of the accretion power, for a large sample of LINER-type radio-loud low-luminosity active nuclei, all hosted in massive ETGs, which include FR 0s and FR Is. This result represents further evidence of a common jet–disc coupling in FR 0s and FR Is, despite then differing in kpc-scale radio structure. For our objects and for other FR 0 samples reported in the literature, we estimated the jet brightness sidedness ratios, which typically range between one and three. This parameter roughly gauges the jet bulk Lorentz factor Γ, which turns out to range from 1 to 2.5 for most of the sample. This corroborates the scenario that FR 0s are characterized by mildly relativistic jets, possibly as a result of lower-spinning black holes (BHs) than the highly spinning BHs of relativistic-jetted radio galaxies, FR Is.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES ON THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES DURING TWO STRONG EL NINO EVENTS

Many authors have argued that El Nino events are responsible for major climate disruptions on a global basis. This study examines the effects of strong El Nino events on the Canadian prairies. There is a substantive warming over all of the prairies in winter during strong El Nino events and an increase in the latitudinal precipitation gradient in which the far southern regions experience moderate decreases in seasonal precipitation. This condition is reversed in the central prairies and parkland where seasonal precipitation is elevated slightly above normal conditions.
Ohm’s law for a wire in contact with a thermal reservoir

Ohm’s law is one of the key empirical relations taught in introductory courses on electricity. Students often do a straightforward experiment to measure the current through a resistor as a function of voltage. These experiments typically yield a linear relation between the current and the voltage using carbon film resistors. However, the same measurements on long lengths of conducting wire (such as common wire resistivity kits) typically have a clear nonlinear component. The nonlinear behavior can be modeled using simple principles of heat transfer with a thermal reservoir. Experimental results are shown to agree well with this simple model.
Study on a High-Boron-Content Stainless Steel Composite for Nuclear Radiation

In this research, a high-boron-content composite material with both neutron and γ rays shielding properties was developed by an optimized design and manufacture. It consists of 304 stainless steel as the matrix and spherical boron carbide (B4C) particles as the functional particles. The content of B4C is 24.68 wt%, and the particles’ radius is 1.53 mm. The density of the newly designed material is 5.17 g·cm−3, about 68.02% of that of traditional borated stainless steel containing 1.7 wt% boron, while its neutrons shielding performance is much better. Firstly, focusing on shielding properties and material density, the content and the size of B4C were optimized by the Genetic Algorithm (GA) program combined with the MCNP program. Then, some samples of the material were manufactured by the infiltration casting technique according to the optimized results. The actual density of the samples was 5.21 g cm−3. In addition, the neutron and γ rays shielding performance of the samples and borated stainless steel containing 1.7 wt% boron was tested by using an 241Am–Be neutron source and 60Co and 137Cs γ rays sources, respectively, and the results were compared. It can be concluded that the new designed material could be used as a material for nuclear power plants or spent-fuel storage and transportation containers with high requirements for mobility.