Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reassessing Early Archaic projectile point typologies in the Carolina Piedmont through gross morphometric analysis

ABSTRACT Palmer and Kirk Corner-Notched projectile points are common in archaeological assemblages of the Carolina Piedmont dating to the Early Archaic (11,500–9,000 cal BP). These types were initially described by Joffre Lanning Coe ([1964] The Formative Cultures of the Carolina Piedmont. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 54(5):1–130. DOI:10.2307/3231919) in his seminal typology and are now well documented as the primary hafted bifacial tools diagnostic of the region’s early Holocene occupation. Several studies describe morphological similarities between Palmer and Kirk points – as defined by Coe – but there is little agreement regarding the chronological and typological relationships between them; some maintain that they are discrete point types while others believe they instead represent distinct use-life stages of a single type. The inconsistencies of these perspectives indicate that this aspect of Coe’s typology requires a reassessment. Here, we demonstrate substantial overlap in Palmer and Kirk Corner-Notched points’ haft morphologies and significant differences in their overall proportions, a combination of traits that better supports the hypothesis that all Early Archaic corner-notched points in the Carolina Piedmont are of a single type. Combining these historically separated point types into a single one resolves longstanding confusions and permits new lines of inquiry regarding Early Archaic adaptations including conditions under which points might be more or less heavily resharpened (i.e., Palmer-like and Kirk-like, respectively).
Relative Effects of Three Instructional Approaches on Reasoning Skills and Retention of Students in Evolution Concepts

Evolution, a major unifying biological theme that deals with the origin of life on earth, is the concept that most Ghanaian Senior High School (SHS) students hold misconceptions about. This makes its meaningful understanding challenging, especially on problems that require them to think in abstract forms. The author of this study, therefore, investigated the relative effects of three instructional approaches (demonstrative lecture, problem-based approach, and classroom discussion) on reasoning skills and retention of Ghanaian Biology students in evolution concepts. A quasi-experimental design was employed for the study. The population comprised all Science Two students in Berekum Municipality and Berekum West District. Multistage sampling techniques were employed to select thirty-nine (39) students for the study. Biology Reasoning Skills Test-Evolution (BRST-E) of a coefficient value of 0.76 was the instrument designed to gather data. Results from the ANCOVA reveal that students exposed to a problem-based approach had a significant gain in their reasoning [p<0.05, η2p=0.193] and retention [p<0.05, η2p=0.281], whereas the t-test results revealed that male students made advancements in their reasoning skills than females [df=24,t=5.08, F=4.36, p<0.05]. Therefore, Biology instructors in Berekum Municipality and Berekum West District should embrace the use of a problem-based approach in delivering evolution lessons to shape students’ levels of reasoning and memory retention.
Between Scylla and Charybdis: Cuban-Libyan Rivalry in the Caribbean (1979–1986)

Abstract Sitting at the nexus of Cold War and Latin American history, this article delves into Cuban and Libyan competition in Central America and the Caribbean, which has attracted little scholarly attention but touches upon numerous strands of historical change and tension in the 1980s Second Cold War. The article is based on original research of Eastern European and US archival material, providing a glimpse into the tumultuous 1980s, and offering a broader contextual reading of the transformations in Cuba’s regional standing and Libya’s global conduct, leading to the two states’ competition in the Caribbean. Through this narrative, the paper seeks to elucidate Cuba’s moderating regional role within a short but notable episode of South-South competition within the broader history of East-South cooperation. It argues that the improvement of Cuba’s local standing in the 1970s proved a more influential factor among local leftists than Libya’s foreign concepts, as the Caribbean left remained vigilant against the ever-present potential of American retaliation, which justified their flexible modes of ‘anti-imperialist’ struggle, showing how closely both Eastern and Western observers followed Havana and Tripoli’s markedly different revolutionary tactics across the world.
Wavelet multiresolution analysis of particle-laden turbulence

Direct numerical simulations of incompressible homogeneous-isotropic turbulence laden with a dilute suspension of inertial point particles are performed in conjunction with a wavelet multiresolution analysis of the results. The use of spatially localized wavelet basis functions enables the simultaneous consideration of physical and scale spaces in the spectral characterization of the flow field of the carrier phase and the concentration field of the dispersed phase. The multiresolution analysis of the dispersed phase provides statistical information about the spatial variabilities of a scale-dependent coarse-grained number density field and the local energy spectra of its fluctuations, characterizing the sensitivities of those quantities to variations in scale and Stokes number. In particular, the spatial variabilities of the wavelet energy spectrum of the particle concentration fluctuations are observed to be maximum in regimes where the particles preferentially concentrate. The results highlight the scale-dependent inhomogeneities of the structures in the concentration field generated by preferential concentration, and the existence of characteristic scales of interaction between the dispersed and carrier phases. Additionally, an interphase multiresolution analysis is performed that indicates the occurrence of a spatial anticorrelation between the enstrophy and kinetic-energy spectra of the carrier phase and the particle concentration at small scales in regimes where preferential concentration is important. This anticorrelation vanishes as the scale is increased and is largely suppressed when the preferential-concentration effect is negligible.
On the interaction of an internal wavepacket with its induced mean flow and the role of streaming

The coupled nonlinear interaction of three-dimensional gravity–inertia internal wavepackets, in the form of beams with nearly monochromatic profile, with their induced mean flow is discussed. Unlike general three-dimensional wavepackets, such modulated nearly monochromatic beams are not susceptible to modulation instability from their inviscid, purely modulation-induced mean flow. However, streaming – the induced mean flow associated with the production of mean potential vorticity via the combined action of dissipation and nonlinearity – can cause cross-beam bending, transverse broadening and increased along-beam decay of the beam profile, in qualitative agreement with earlier laboratory experiments. For wavepackets with general three-dimensional modulations, by contrast, streaming does arise, but plays a less prominent role in the interaction dynamics.
STUDY OF M1 SEGMENT OF MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY IN HUMAN CADAVERIC BRAINS WITH CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ITS EARLY BRANCHES

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Hema. N, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, ESICMC and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore560010, Karnataka, India.E-Mail: hemanesi@gmail.com Background: Human brain gets its nutrition from carotido and vertebro-basilar system of vessels. MCA, being the larger terminal branch of ICA supplies the cortical areas of brain concerned with speech and language. It is the most commonly involved artery in cerebro-vascular accidents as in stroke which is characterised by sudden onset of focal neurological deficit. The anatomical study is of utmost important to neurovascular surgeons. Materials and methods: The present study was undertaken in 140 cadaveric human brain hemispheres of 70 formalin fixed brains from Department of Anatomy and Forensic medicine of Mysore medical college and ESIC MC and PGIMSR, Bangalore. Fixed brains were sagitally bisected into right and left halves by brain cutting knife. Meninges were cleared and MCA was identified which was the larger and direct branch of ICA. Measurements of ICA and MCA was taken using thread and measuring scale. LSAs arising from MI segment MCA were counted using hand lens. Any early branch if present was noted. Angle was noted between M1 and M2 segment. Presence of any anomalies were studied Results: The mean of length of M1 was found slightly more on the left side (2.09 cms) in comparison to right side (1.90 cms). The mean diameter of M1 segment of MCA was more on the left side (0.352 cms), in comparison to right side (0.317 cms). The mean diameter of left MCA (0.352 cms) and left ICA (0.359 cms) were of the same size. The mean diameter of right MCA (0.317 cms) and right ICA (0.323 cms) were almost of the same size. The number of LSAs were more on left side (5.9) in comparison to right side (5.67). Early branches were found to be more on right side (5) than left side (3). The angle was observed to be acute in all specimens. Conclusion: This study was undertaken due to its clinical significance to stroke. Observations made on MCA revealed greater length of MCA carrying greater proportion of blood flow to the left side – a feature which supports the concept of vascular asymmetry. The knowledge of early branch arising from proximal segment of MCA is helpful for neurovascular surgeons to make a fairer decision in planning the treatment for any neurovscular disorders. The authors felt the necessity of documentation of data inferred by our study as there are very few articles on MCA found published in Indian literature.
Numerical modeling of seismic waves by discontinuous spectral element methods

We present a comprehensive review of Discontinuous Galerkin Spectral Element (DGSE) methods on hybrid hexahedral/tetrahedral grids for the numerical modeling of the ground motion induced by large earthquakes. DGSE methods combine the exibility of discontinuous Galerkin meth-ods to patch together, through a domain decomposition paradigm, Spectral Element blocks where high-order polynomials are used for the space discretization. This approach allows local adaptivity on discretization parameters, thus improving the quality of the solution without affecting the compu-tational costs. The theoretical properties of the semidiscrete formulation are also revised, including well-posedness, stability and error estimates. A discussion on the dissipation, dispersion and stability properties of the fully-discrete (in space and time) formulation is also presented. Here space dis-cretization is obtained based on employing the leap-frog time marching scheme. The capabilities of the present approach are demonstrated through a set of computations of realistic earthquake scenar-ios obtained using the code SPEED (http://speed.mox.polimi.it), an open-source code specifically designed for the numerical modeling of large-scale seismic events jointly developed at Politecnico di Milano by The Laboratory for Modeling and Scientific Computing MOX and by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Numerical Simulation of Flow in a Solid Rocket Motor: Combustion Coupled with Regressive Boundary

A computational model is developed for the simulation of internal reactive fluid flow in a solid rocket motor with propellant burning surface regression. The model focuses on a 2D reactive flow in an end burning lab-scale motor. Chemical reaction equations with finite rate chemistry are combined with gas dynamics, and complete conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and species are solved. Two different chemical systems, hydrogen and propane combustion processes, are studied. The regressive boundary in the combustion chamber is treated using remeshing techniques. The effect of propellant regression on gas mixture velocity and temperature distribution in the flame zone is examined. Thrust values with varying inlet temperatures are compared for both combustion models. Keywords—solid rocket motor; combustion; solid fuel regression; remeshing
Balance the trade-offs between high birefringence, large dielectric anisotropy and low viscosity in nematic liquid crystals through molecular splicing strategy

ABSTRACT A series of liquid crystals containing one n-propyl/n-propoxy, lateral fluorine substituent, a tolane mesophase unit, and a 2,2-difluorovinyl terminal group were designed and synthesised. Their chemical structures were characterised and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) instruments. Meanwhile, the position and number effects of lateral fluorine substituents on the thermal, mesomorphic, and electro-optical properties of these compounds were explored. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of molecular conformation, polarisability components and dipole moment were utilised to correlate the experimental results. Research results show that the 2,2-difluorovinyl-terminated liquid crystal compounds possess excellent properties of low melting point, wide nematic-phase temperature interval, high birefringence, large dielectric anisotropy and low rotational viscosity. This molecular splicing strategy is an effective method to balance the trade-offs between high birefringence, large dielectric anisotropy, and low viscosity in nematic liquid crystals. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Spatiotemporal organization of cellular machinery underlying calcium signaling

Author(s): Ellefsen, Kyle Lee Kreitlein | Advisor(s): Parker, Ian | Abstract: The spatiotemporal diversity of Ca2+ signals enables them to mediate diverse functions inside the same cell; this diversity arises in part from the position, arrangement, and communication between Ca2+ permeable channels. The work presented in this thesis describes various approaches for determining how these complex Ca2+ signals are generated. The first part of this dissertation describes the construction of two types of microscopes which enhance spatiotemporal resolution of Ca2+ signals. The spinning-spot shadowless total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (chapter 2) provides enhanced shadow-free imaging of Ca2+ signals arising near the plasma membrane. A simplified lattice light-sheet microscope (chapter 3) enables high spatial resolution and 3D visualization of Ca2+ signals throughout the cell. This dissertation also describes new analytic techniques for understanding local Ca2+ signals. Chapter 4 describes a new set of algorithms and software for detecting and analyzing of local calcium signals. Chapter 5 details the precision with which the location of channels underlying local Ca2+ signals can be determined. In the next two chapters, these techniques are applied to study signaling pathways involving two important Ca2+ permeable channels. In chapter 6, Ca2+ signals generated by the inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) are used to infer the diffusion coefficient of its agonist, IP3, leading to the conclusion that IP3 is a local, rather than global, messenger. Chapter 7 details work which shows that the mechanosensitive Ca2+ channel Piezo1 diffuses in the plasma membrane and that its activity is enriched in regions where cells generate mechanical traction forces.
Wood veneer strips as reinforcement for cement-bonded particleboards

ABSTRACT High resistance against moisture, fire, and biodegradation is typical for cement-bonded particleboards (CBPB). However, the mechanical properties of these materials are rather low compared to other wood-based panels, despite the high density. This study deals with a new approach to increase the bending properties of CBPB with a novel reinforcement produced from veneers. Veneer strips were produced from Norway spruce and beech, each in veneer thicknesses of 1.4 and 2.4 mm. These veneer strips were placed near the surface of the CBPB during mat forming without any pre-treatment. Bending properties of the reinforced CBPB were tested after 24 h (only spruce) and 28 days (spruce and beech) of curing. Both the modulus of rupture (MOR) and elasticity (MOE) were significantly increased after 24 h due to the reinforcement as compared to the non-reinforced reference. By increasing thickness and content of the veneer strips the effect was enhanced. However, for spruce, after 28 days no significant differences between the reinforced and the reference CBPB were detectable anymore. Beech veneer strips even led to a pronounced decrease of the MOR. Instrumented analyses revealed that the reason for this missing reinforcement effect has primarily been an inhibition of cement hydration due to the alkali-activated degradation products from the veneer strips.
Memories of the Gold Foreign Exchange Market Based on a Moving V-Statistic and Wavelet-Based Multiresolution Analysis

Memory in finance is the foundation of a well-established forecasting model, and new financial theory research shows that the stochastic memory model depends on different time windows. To accurately identify the multivariate long memory model in the financial market, this paper proposes the concept of a moving V-statistic on the basis of a modified R/S method to determine whether the time series has a long-range dependence and subsequently to apply wavelet-based multiresolution analysis to study the multifractality of the financial time series to determine the initial data windows. Finally, we check the moving V-statistic estimation in wavelet analysis in the same condition; the paper selects the volatilities of the gold foreign exchange rates to evaluate the moving V-statistic. According to the results, the method of testing memory established in this paper can identify the breakpoint of the memories effectively. Furthermore, this method can provide support for forecasting returns in the financial market.
Optimal investment strategies for flexible workers under uncertain demand

Abstract Skill chaining (SC) has proven to be an effective way to balance the workload and elevate the capacity of a serial production line. However, SC training is costly. Therefore, the costs and benefits of investment in cross-training must be weighed. To save costs, we propose a partial skill chaining (PSC) strategy to save cross-training investment costs in an assemble-to-order (ATO) system. First, we build a chain segment model to describe the PSC. Then, we provide a heuristic algorithm with which to determine the optimal path for cross-training. We also examine the efficiency of several training schemes from the perspective of flexibility structure. Second, we find that the costs of both overproduction and delivery delay in an ATO system with uncertain demand can be reduced after obtaining the capacity. The problem is then transformed into a trade-off between investments and benefits. Finally, we identify the relevant decision-making criteria for both flexibility capacity maximization and profit maximization.
Deep Image Understanding Using Multilayered Contexts

Generation of scene graphs and natural language captions from images for deep image understanding is an ongoing research problem. Scene graphs and natural language captions have a common characteristic in that they are generated by considering the objects in the images and the relationships between the objects. This study proposes a deep neural network model named the Context-based Captioning and Scene Graph Generation Network (C2SGNet), which simultaneously generates scene graphs and natural language captions from images. The proposed model generates results through communication of context information between these two tasks. For effective communication of context information, the two tasks are structured into three layers: the object detection, relationship detection, and caption generation layers. Each layer receives related context information from the lower layer. In this study, the proposed model was experimentally assessed using the Visual Genome benchmark data set. The performance improvement effect of the context information was verified through various experiments. Further, the high performance of the proposed model was confirmed through performance comparison with existing models.
Matrix completion with side information using manifold optimisation

We solve the Matrix Completion (MC) problem based on manifold optimization by incorporating the side information under which the columns of the intended matrix are drawn from a union of low dimensional subspaces. It is proved that this side information leads us to construct new manifolds, as $\it{embedded}$ submanifold of the manifold of constant rank matrices, using which the MC problem is solved more accurately. The required geometrical properties of the aforementioned manifold are then presented for matrix completion. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms some recent techniques either based on side information or not.
Hydroelasticity and nonlinearity in the interaction between water waves and an elastic wall

The present study investigates the role of hydroelasticity and nonlinearity in the fundamental problem of the interaction between non-breaking water waves and an elastic wall. To this end, two interaction scenarios are considered: the interaction of a rigid wall supported by springs and a pulse-type wave, and the interaction of an elastic deformable wall and an incident wave group. Both of these scenarios are numerically simulated in a computational domain representing a two-dimensional wave flume. The simplicity of the domain enables one to perform highly efficient simulations using the high-order spectral method (HOSM). Wave generation at the flume entrance and the wave–wall interaction at the flume end are simulated by means of the additional potential concept. In this way, the efficiency that characterizes the original HOSM is preserved for the present non-periodic problems. The investigation of the first scenario reveals the influence of the wall’s dynamical response on the hydrodynamic values. The results show that the maximum wave run-up and wave force are prominently fluctuating around the values corresponding to a fixed wall as a function of the wall’s eigenfrequency, revealing regions of relaxation and amplification. The second scenario studies the effect of the nonlinear evolution of the incident wave group. The high-order wave harmonics generated during the group evolution are found to be significant for predicting extreme hydrodynamic and structural values, and may result in resonant interactions in which hydroelasticity appears to play an important role.