Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dealing with Conspiracy Theory Attributions

ABSTRACT Academic discussions concerning what to do about conspiracy theories often focus on whether or not to debunk them. Less often discussed are the methods, audiences and effectiveness of debunking efforts. To motivate a closer examination of the ‘how’ of debunking, a slightly different issue is addressed: conspiracy theory attributions (CTAs), which are claims that someone or some group believes in a conspiracy theory. Three cases of discrediting CTAs in the vaccination debate are examined: general assumptions that vaccination critics are conspiracy theorists, a claim that a vaccine-critical group subscribed to a particular conspiracy theory, and a claim that a PhD thesis endorsed a conspiracy theory. Struggles over CTAs can be analysed in terms of the tactics that powerful perpetrators use to reduce outrage over injustice: cover-up, devaluation, reinterpretation, official channels, and intimidation/rewards. Options for responding to CTAs include ignoring, ridiculing, debunking, engaging, counterattacking and accepting. Potential responders, to decide between options, should take their goals into account.
Epiphytic diatoms on Nymphaea alba L. leaves in a Sub-Mediterranean wetland (South Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Epiphytic diatoms on Nymphaea alba L. floating leaves during plant growing seasons in the oligotrophic Sub-Mediterranean wetland Hutovo Blato, South Bosnia and Herzegovina, were investigated in 2003 and 2004. In total, 135 taxa (species and infraspecific taxa) of epiphytic diatoms were identified. Genera with the largest number of taxa were: Eunotia (14), Gomphonema (13), Cymbella and Navicula (9), Cyclotella (6), Diatoma and Nitzschia (5). Only three taxa were recorded in all samples: Brebissonia lanceolata, Eunotia arcus and Navicula radiosa. The most abundant taxa were Cocconeis placentula, Cyclotella comta, Eunotia arcus and Gomphonema longiceps.
Genetic divergence and combining ability studies for exploitation of heterosis in paprika (Capsicum annuum L).

Ninety four paprika accessions were evaluated for seventeen different characters for variability, heritability, genetic advance as percent of mean and genetic divergence. Higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of fruits per plant including fresh fruit yield per plant, dry fruit yield per plant, 100 seed weight, Number of seeds per fruit, capsanthin, capsaicin and oleoresin content. This indicates the higher magnitude of variability for these traits and consequently more scope for their improvement through selection. Plant height, plant spread, and fruit diameter exhibited moderate PCV and GCV estimates suggesting the possible role of environment in expression of these characters. Mahalanobis D2 analysis classified the genotypes into 10 clusters indicating considerable genetic diversity. Forty crosses were attempted in line x tester design using the diverse parents belonging to different groups. Among 14 parents, 7 parents have significant positive gca effect for dry fruit yield per plant with the maximum observed in LCA-428 (134.49) followed by LCA-436 (111.51) and LCA-432 (53.45). These parents had significant gca effects for number of fruits per plant, 100 seed weight, number of seeds per fruit, capsanthin content, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, fresh fruit yield per plant, weight of dry stalk less fruits per plant. The parent LCA-422 exhibited the highest negative gca effect for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, and significant gca effect in desired direction for number of seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, and capsanthin content. LCC-422 is useful for incorporating earliness, low pungency and high color. Best five hybrids with high per se performance for fresh fruit yield per plant were LCA-436 x CA-960 (279.7), LCA-436 x Byadagi Dabbi (207.39), LCA-422 x CA-960 (217.19), LCA-431 x Byadagi Dabbi (220.3) and LCA-414 x Byadagi Dabbi (175.06). These hybrids also exhibited high sca effects for total yield per plant and yield components. Hybrids LCA-436 x CA-960 and LCA-436 x Byadagi Dabbi also exhibited significant sca effects for plant spread, number of fruits per plant, 100 seed weight, number of seeds per fruit and days to maturity. The crosses LCA-437 x KTPL-19 and LCA-437 x CA-960 had significant sca effects in desirable direction for capsaicin content. The cross LCA-414 x KTPL-19 considered the best as it has desirable sca effects for quality (capsaicin and capsanthin). The crosses LCA-436x CA-960, LCA-436 x Byadagi Dabbi, LCA-422 x CA-960, LCA-414 x Byadagi Dabbi were best for both yield and quality.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers and prospective mothers in neonatal care and utilization of perinatal care services

Background: The present study was done with the aim to study existing knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about neonatal care, perinatal care and its services, among mothers (pregnant and lactating mothers). Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 624 pregnant women and in mothers of newborn in both rural and urban areas around Vijayawada during the period from October 2015 to November 2017. A structured questionnaire reflecting KAP about neonatal care and perinatal care services was used in the study. The collected data was placed in a proforma and analysed.Results: Rural (53.8%) and urban (46.2%) mothers are equally represented in the present study. There is a slight preponderance of lactating mothers (52.2%). Most of the mothers are homemakers (82.1%) and belong to nuclear families (90.1%). There is a considerable deficiency in the knowledge nearly 45% ad practices nearly 40%, related to the number of ANC’s. The proportion of mothers receiving baby’s immunization advice from obstetrician is 18.5% and from paediatrician is 26.4%. Neonatal infection prevention was not advised in 71.3% of mothers and 23.5% mothers receive advice from obstetrician and 19.1% from paediatrician. The practice of staring first breast feed within one hour is not implemented about 88% of mothers. Nearly 30% of the mothers are not keeping the baby warm and nearly 90% of the mothers are not aware of KMC.Conclusions: The findings of the study conclude that there is a need for systematic and planned health education by the paediatrician and obstetrician to increase the KAP among mothers about neonatal health care.
Ethical considerations of Bedouin Arab school leaders: Negotiating Eurocentric and indigenous decision-making values

Ethical considerations have been examined in American and European school management research, but indigenous and comparative aspects have largely been understudied. To better understand the ethical decision-making of indigenous school leaders, the present research aims to examine the ethical considerations of one such minority group – Bedouin Arab educators in Israel – and to compare their ethical decision-making with that of their counterparts in Israel’s Jewish majority. The research utilized the pre-designed multiple Ethical Perspectives Instrument, which requires participants to resolve school dilemmas by choosing one of two given ethical perspectives taken from the following six: fairness, utilitarianism, care, critique, profession and community. Two exploratory studies were carried out: Study 1 examined the ethical judgments of Bedouin bachelor of education (BEd) students (n = 28), and their perceptions of the ethical judgments of hypothesized Bedouin school leaders. Study 2 compared the ethical judgments of Bedouin (n = 30) and Jewish (n = 39) masters (MA) educational administration students. Bedouin undergraduates reported care and critique as their own dominant ethical preferences, but viewed utilitarian considerations as being dominant among hypothesized Bedouin school leaders. Among the graduate students, utilitarian considerations were more dominant among the Bedouin group than the Jewish group. The implications of the findings are discussed.
The Assessment of Supportive Accountability in Adults Seeking Obesity Treatment: Psychometric Validation Study

Background Technology-mediated obesity treatments are commonly affected by poor long-term adherence. Supportive Accountability Theory suggests that the provision of social support and oversight toward goals may help to maintain adherence in technology-mediated treatments. However, no tool exists to measure the construct of supportive accountability. Objective This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate a supportive accountability measure (SAM) by examining its performance in technology-mediated obesity treatment. Methods Secondary data analyses were conducted in 2 obesity treatment studies to validate the SAM (20 items). Study 1 examined reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity using an exploratory factor analysis in individuals seeking obesity treatment. Study 2 examined the construct validity of SAM in technology-mediated interventions involving different self-monitoring tools and varying amounts of phone-based interventionist support. Participants received traditional self-monitoring tools (standard, in-home self-monitoring scale [SC group]), newer, technology-based self-monitoring tools (TECH group), or these newer technology tools plus additional phone-based support (TECH+PHONE group). Given that the TECH+PHONE group involves more interventionist support, we hypothesized that this group would have greater supportive accountability than the other 2 arms. Results In Study 1 (n=353), the SAM showed strong reliability (Cronbach α=.92). A factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution (representing Support for Healthy Eating Habits, Support for Exercise Habits, and Perceptions of Accountability) that explained 69% of the variance. Convergent validity was established using items from the motivation for weight loss scale, specifically the social regulation subscale (r=0.33; P<.001) and social pressure for weight loss subscale (r=0.23; P<.001). In Study 2 (n=80), the TECH+PHONE group reported significantly higher SAM scores at 6 months compared with the SC and TECH groups (r2=0.45; P<.001). Higher SAM scores were associated with higher adherence to weight management behaviors, including higher scores on subscales representing healthy dietary choices, the use of self-monitoring strategies, and positive psychological coping with weight management challenges. The association between total SAM scores and percent weight change was in the expected direction but not statistically significant (r=−0.26; P=.06). Conclusions The SAM has strong reliability and validity across the 2 studies. Future studies may consider using the SAM in technology-mediated weight loss treatment to better understand whether support and accountability are adequately represented and how supportive accountability impacts treatment adherence and outcomes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01999244; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01999244
UnambiguousWind Direction Field Extraction Using a Compact Shipborne High-Frequency Radar

Attributed to the maneuverability, the shipborne high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) enables a larger coverage in ocean wind measurement than a shored-based system does. However, the antenna aperture of shipborne radar is usually limited by the ship size, which troubles the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation accuracy. In addition, the wind direction ambiguity caused by monostatic radar illumination remains challenging. In this article, an unambiguous wind direction estimation method based on a compact shipborne HFSWR is proposed. An equivalent dual-station model combining the successive radar data collected at two close locations is developed to solve the DOA ambiguity in wind direction estimation. A direction-finding algorithm incorporating the Doppler shifts due to ship motion and current shear is adopted to estimate wind direction from the ratio of the positive and negative Bragg peak powers. Moreover, three different wave directional spreading models are applied for performance comparison. Numerical simulation is conducted to evaluate the effect of dual-station configuration on the estimation accuracy. Finally, field experimental results are given to verify the correctness of the method. Radar-derived wind direction field agrees well with that provided by a numerical weather model.
Carbon Speciation and Solubility in Silicate Melts

To improve our understanding of the Earth’s global carbon cycle, it is critical to characterize the distribution and storage mechanisms of carbon in silicate melts. Presently, the carbon budget of the deep Earth is not well constrained and is highly model‐dependent. In silicate melts of the uppermost mantle, carbon exists predomi­ nantly as molecular carbon dioxide and carbonate, whereas at greater depths, carbon forms complex polymer­ ized species. The concentration and speciation of carbon in silicate melts is intimately linked to the melt’s composition and affects its physical and dynamic properties. Here we review the results of experiments and calculations on the solubility and speciation of carbon in silicate melts as a function of pressure, temperature, composition, polymerization, water concentration, and oxygen fugacity.
Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae) : phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Approximately 1.7 kbp of mitochondrial DNA were sequenced from 29 individuals assignable to 11 Uromastyx species or subspecies and two other agamids. U. ocellata and U. ornata had an insertion between the glutamine and isoleucine tRNA genes, which could be folded into a stable stem-and-loop structure, and the insertion for U. ornata additionally retained a sequence similar to the glutamine tRNA gene. This corroborates the role of tandem duplication in reshaping mitochondrial gene arrangements, and supports the idea that the origin of light-strand replication could be relocated within mitochondrial genomes. Molecular phylogeny from different tree-building methods consistently placed African and Arabian taxa in mutually monophyletic groups, excluding U. hardwickii inhabiting India and Pakistan. Unlike previous studies based on morphology, U. macfadyeni did not cluster with morphologically similar Arabian taxa, suggesting convergent evolution to be responsible for the morphological similarities. Divergence times estimated among the Uromastyx taxa, together with geological and palaeontological evidence, suggest that the Uromastyx agamids originated from Central Asia during the Eocene and colonized Africa after its connection with Eurasia in the early Miocene. Their radiation may have been facilitated by repeated aridification of North Africa since the middle Miocene, and geological events such as the expansion of the Red Sea and the East African Rift Valley.
Gaseous Emissions from a Seagoing Ship under Different Operating Conditions in the Coastal Region of China

Pollution caused by ship emissions has drawn attention from various countries. Because of the high density of ships in ports, channels, and anchorages and their proximity to the densely populated areas, ship emissions will considerably impact these areas. Herein, a Chinese seagoing ship is selected and a platform is established for monitoring the ship emissions to obtain detailed characteristics of the ship’s nearshore emissions. The ship navigation and pollution emission data are obtained under six complete operating conditions, i.e., berthing, manoeuvring in port, acceleration in a channel, cruising, deceleration before anchoring, and anchoring. This study analyzes the concentrations of the main emission gases (O2, NOX, SO2, CO2, and CO) and the average emission factors (EFs) of the pollution gases (NOX, SO2, CO2, and CO) based on the engine power under different operating conditions. Results show that the change in O2 concentration reflects the load associated with the main engine of the ship. The NOX, SO2, and CO2 emission concentrations are the highest during cruising, whereas the peak CO emission concentration is observed during anchoring. The average EFs of NOX and SO2 based on the power of the main engine are the highest during cruising, and those of CO2 and CO are the highest after anchoring. The ship EFs are different during acceleration and deceleration. By comparing the EFs along the coast of China and the global EFs commonly used to perform the emission inventory calculations in China, the NOX EFs under different operating conditions is observed to be generally lower than the global EFs under the corresponding operating conditions. Furthermore, the SO2 EF is considerably affected by the sulfur content in the fuel oil and the operating conditions of the ship. The average CO2 EFs are higher than the global EFs commonly used during cruising, and the CO EFs are higher than the global EFs under all the conditions. Our results help to supplement the EFs for this type of ship under different operating conditions, resolve the lack of emission data under anchoring conditions, and provide data support to conduct nearshore environmental monitoring and assessment.
Relationship of Environmental ability and economic ability company: Evidence from Indonesia

Environmental performance is strongly influenced by the extent of impetus towards environmental management carried out by various agencies, especially agencies government. Environmental performance will also be achieved at a high level if the company proactively undertakes various environmental management actions in a controlled manner. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of performance environment on economic performance. Data were analyzed using regression multiple. The data used in this study comes from annual reports registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and PROPER in 2016-2018. Results this research shows that environmental performance has a significant effect on economic performance. The company is expected to pay attention to the completeness of the disclosure items environmental performance that needs to be disclosed in a sustainable report. This will certainly make it easier for investors to assess the company’s performance. In besides that there needs to be more binding regulations from the government regarding ongoing reports made by the company so that the company can know more clearly about what information should be disclosed in ongoing report.
Climate change and coastal waterbird populations – past declines and future impacts

Considerable attention has been given to the impact of climate change on avian populations over the last decade. In this paper we examine two issues with respect to coastal bird populations in the UK: (1) is there any evidence that current populations are declining due to climate change, and (2) how might we predict the response of populations in the future? We review the cause of population decline in two species associated with saltmarsh habitats. The abundance of Common Redshank Tringa totanus breeding on saltmarsh declined by about 23% between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s, but the decline appears to have been caused by an increase in grazing pressure. The number of Twite Carduelis flavirostris wintering on the coast of East Anglia has declined dramatically over recent decades; there is evidence linking this decline with habitat loss but a causal role for climate change is unclear. These examples illustrate that climate change could be having population-level impacts now, but also show that it is dangerous to become too narrowly focused on single issues affecting coastal birds. Making predictions about how populations might respond to future climate change depends on an adequate understanding of important ecological processes at an appropriate spatial scale. We illustrate this with recent work conducted on the Icelandic population of Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa islandica that shows large-scale regulatory processes. Most predictive models to date have focused on local populations (single estuary or a group of neighbouring estuaries). We discuss the role such models might play in risk assessment, and the need for them to be linked to larger-scale ecological processes. We argue that future work needs to focus on spatial scale issues and on linking physical models of coastal environments with important ecological processes.
Complex ecologies of trust in data practices and data-driven systems

ABSTRACT Trust in data practices and data-driven systems is widely seen as both important and elusive. A data trust deficit has been identified, to which proposed solutions are often localised or individualised, focusing either on what institutions can do to increase user trust in their data practices or on data management models that empower the individual user. Scholarship on trust often focuses on typologies of trust. This paper shifts the emphasis to those doing the trusting, by presenting findings from empirical research which explored user perspectives on the data practices of the BBC. These findings challenge the assumption that localised or individualised solutions can be effective. They also suggest that conceptualisations of trust in data practices need to account for the complex range of factors which come into play in relation to trust in data and so move beyond the production of typologies. In this paper, we propose the concept of ‘complex ecologies of trust’ as a way of addressing all of these issues.
Dados preliminares sobre uma vacina viva contra a linfadenite caseosa

Com o objetivo de desenvolver uma vacina viva com a cepa 1002 do Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , foram realizados experimentos iniciais com preparados deste microrganismo. Tal cepa naturalmente pouco virulenta foi atenuada atraves de cultivo durante sete dias em estufa a 37°C. Esta vacina foi inicialmente testada quanto a inocuidade e quanto a dose adequada, apos o que, o experimento de campo foi realizado. Este experimento consistiu em tres tratamentos: doze caprinos vacinados com a vacina viva; doze caprinos vacinados com a vacina morta, e doze caprinos vacinados com solucao salina 0.15 M. Os resultados preliminares deste experimento evidenciam que tal vacina induz uma resposta humoral especifica e um percentual significativo de imunoprotecao. Tais resultados foram confrontados com os obtidos com uma vacina morta, anteriormente desenvolvida com esta mesma cepa.