Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formal Groups and the Norm Residue Symbol

This paper investigates the canonical pairing associated with a one-dimensional formal group law over the ring of integers of a finite extension of and an isogeny , just as the Hilbert symbol is associated with the multiplicative law and the isogeny raising to the th power. Formulas are obtained which generalize the formulas of Artin-Hasse, Iwasawa, and Wiles. The formulas describe the values of the symbol in terms of -adic differentiation, the logarithm of the formal group law, the norm, and the trace. Bibliography: 8 titles.
Structural and Morphological Study of a Series of Ball Milled Nanocrystalline Fe1-xAlx (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) Alloys

In the present manuscript, the authors have systematically investigated the structural and morphological properties of a series of mechanically alloyed Fe1-xAlx (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) samples using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). All the samples, after 5 hr of milling, show crystalline structure, irrespective of the constituent concentration and are textured mainly along (110) direction. In Fe-rich samples, the formation of an off-stoichiometric Fe3Al phase is favored and in case of Al-rich samples, both Al-rich phases and clustering of Al atoms are present. Analysis of line breadths was carried out to get an insight into the interrelated effects of average crystallite size, and lattice parameters. The grain size of constituents was decreased to the nanometer range (between 6 - 8 nm) and the constituents dissolved at the nanograin boundaries. Similar conclusions were also revealed from the SEM results which show that the initial shape of particles disappeared completely, and their structure became a mixture of small and large angularshaped crystallites with different sizes. The results of this research could be directly employed in the design of deformation schedules for the industrial processing of Fe-Al alloys.
Mapping the physical and chemical properties of the planetary nebula NGC 3242

Abstract We present optical integral field spectroscopy analysis of the main components, with the exception of the halo, as well as of the detected small-scale structures of the planetary nebulae NGC 3242. The observations were obtained with the VIMOS instrument attached to VLT-UT3. Spatially resolved maps of the electronic density (N e), temperatures (T e) and chemical abundances, i.e., in a pixel to pixel fashion of the small and large-scales structures of this planetary nebula are determined in this work. These diagnostic and abundance maps represent important constraints for future detailed three dimensional photoionization modeling of the nebula, as well as providing important information on biases introduced by traditional slit observations.
On the Optimal Segment Length for Parameter Estimates for Locally Stationary Time Series

We discuss the behaviour of parameter estimates when stationary time series models are fitted locally to non‐stationary processes which have an evolutionary spectral representation. A particular example is the estimation for an autoregressive process with time‐varying coefficients by local Yule–Walker estimates. The bias and the mean squared error for the parameter estimates are calculated and the optimal length of the data segment is determined.
A representation of magnetization characteristics and its application to the ferroresonance circuits

Previously, a Chua‐type model representing the magnetization characteristics of ferromagnetic materials was presented for computational analysis and design of magnetic devices. Typical magnetization characteristics, such as saturation, hysteresis, and aftereffect, have been reproduced by the model. In this paper, our Chua‐type model is derived by means of the barlike domain walls model. As a concrete example, this model is applied to the computations of ferroresonance circuits and is compared with those of the experimental results. Agreement to a considerable extent confirms the validity of this model.
High-latitude distributions of plasma waves and spatial irregularities from DE 2 alternating current electric field observations

An 18-month data base from the Dynamics Explorer 2 AC electric field spectrometers is used to obtain average high-latitude magnetic local time (MLT) versus invariant latitude (INL) distributions of signal intensities in 12 frequency bands between 4 Hz and 512 kHz. Three distinctly different distributions are obtained, corresponding to (1) Doppler-shifted signals from spatial structures in the electric field (i.e., irregularities) and Alfven waves between 4 and 512 Hz, (2) ELF waves between 256 Hz and 4.1 kHz, and (3) VLF waves between 4.1 and 64 kHz with extensions into the 128–512 kHz band. The ELF and VLF distributions closely resemble previously published results based on more limited sampling. Comparable distributions for the seven channels between 4 and 512 Hz, showing a prominent zone of maximum intensities at 72.5°–80° INL between 0500 and 1300 MLT, have not previously been reported. The power law frequency dependence of average power spectral densities (PSDs) between 4 and 512 Hz is also mapped in MLT-INL coordinates. At all locations, two power law indices (slopes) are required to closely fit the PSDs with an inverted knee joining the two slopes in the 32–64 Hz band. This knee band corresponds to the range of O+ cyclotron frequencies encountered, and it lends credence to Gurnett et al.'s (1984) contention that Alfven waves are an essential ingredient in explaining the low-frequency in situ satellite signals which were previously attributed to polarization fields accompanying spatial irregularities in plasma densities. However, other aspects of the 4–512 Hz observations, including seasonal variations, favor the earlier spatial irregularity interpretation. As discussed, the difficulties encountered in seeking interpretations exclusively in terms of either spatial irregularities or Alfven waves can be resolved with a synthesis approach requiring both types of signals. It is proposed that the averaged intensities and corresponding spectral characteristics in the 4–512 Hz band represent the consequence of intermittently superimposing shear Alfven waves on a spatially irregular medium. There are then three principal contributions: (1) an omnipresent 4–512 Hz signal from Doppler-shifted responses to 2000–15 m spatial irregularities having an average power law spectral index near −1.9, (2) intermittent signals from locally generated shear Alfven waves having maximum power at frequencies of <4 Hz and average power law spectral indices of ≤(−2.8) extending only to fc(O+), and (3) spatial irregularity modulations of shear Alfven waves originating both locally and in the distant magnetosphere.
Comparative study of the luminescence and intrinsic point defects in the kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 and chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used in photovoltaic applications

The kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) is attracting considerable interest because first principles calculations predict that its electronic properties must be similar to their associated chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) compounds [Chen et al. Phys. Rev. B 81 , 245204 (2010)]. Here the authors report on first experimental evidence of the close resemblance in the luminescence of Cu-poor kesterites and Cu-poor chalcopyrites used in photovoltaic applications. measurements implications of results for the future are discussed.
The Diurnal Cycle of Upper-Tropospheric Clouds Measured by GOES-VAS and the ISCCP

Abstract A comparison of diurnal cycles in high clouds (<440 hPa) measured by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmospheric Sounder (GOES-VAS) and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) was made. The GOES-VAS longwave infrared data allow uniform detection of upper-tropospheric cirrus clouds from daylight into night without effects from solar reflections. It is sensitive to thin cirrus, which are difficult to detect. But it is not available globally because the sounder instrument is flown only on geostationary satellites operated by the United States. The ISCCP, however, is a global dataset using five to seven geostationary satellites. Large diurnal cycles were found in the Rocky Mountains and along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico mainly in the summer season. In the Tropics substantial diurnal cycles also were found in central Brazil and the Atlantic ITCZ. In the winter over the continental United States, diur.
Multilayer lattice relaxation at metal surfaces: A total-energy minimization

Relaxation at simple metal surfaces is studied via minimization of the total energy of a semi-infinite crystal. The expression for the total energy depends explicitly on the ionic positions, and is based on the use of pseudopotential theory and linear response. Electron screening is treated self-consistently including exchange and correlation effects. From a systematic investigation of the energetics underlying metal surface relaxation, for the low-index surfaces of bcc Na and fcc Al it is concluded that to achieve quantitative surface structural predictions requires the use of the full total-energy expression for the semi-infinite solid. Such an expression must maintain the three-dimensional nature of the system and account properly for the inhomogeneous surface electron density and the self-consistent response of the electron system to the ionic positions (screening). p Multilayer relaxation is shown to be essential for quantitative structural predictions and the origins of the phenomena are discussed in detail demonstrating the relative effects of electrostatic terms and band-structure contributions. The results exhibit damped oscillatory multilayer relaxations (the relaxation being particularly pronounced for the open faces) with a period equal to the bulk layer stacking period and agree well with available structural determinations obtained via the analysis of experimental data.
Effects of dipolar fields in NMR and MRI.

The work presented in this thesis was undertaken by the author, except where it is indicated by reference, within the Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre at the University of Nottingham during the period July 2001 until November 2004. The initial objective of the PhD was to investigate possible applications of long range dipolar field effects, but other problems involving the effects of susceptibility induced magnetisation have also been discussed. The work on the long range dipolar field involved: • The study of the evolution at high field of the various orders of quantum coherences and 2D spectroscopy experiments based on long range dipolar fields; • The optimisation of parameters for imaging with the double quantum CRAZED sequence and derivation of phase cycles that allow the elimination of undesired signals such as stimulated echoes and refocused spin echoes; • Simulations of the effects of field inhomogeneities on the long range dipolar field and signal evolution after a double quantum CRAZED sequence; The work relating to the fields generated by susceptibility induced magnetisation involved: • Application of a methodology originally derived for evaluating the long range dipolar field to the rapid calculation of field inhomogeneities due to induced magnetisation (dipoles). Studies were performed using a digitised body model. The effect of head movement and breathing were simulated allowing the evaluation of the consequences of these inhomogeneities for imaging; • The methodology referred above was used to compare the BOLD contrast, due to both the intra and extra-vascular compartments, resulting from infinite cylinders and a realistic vascular model (based on the rat cortex); • Development of a methodology for monitoring variation of field inhomogeneities with movement in functional studies, that can be used to apply an undistortion for each echo planar image acquired.
Positive Solutions and Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problem of One-Dimensional p -Laplacian FDE

In this paper we are concerned with the nonlinear eigenvalue problem consisting of the functional differential equation with p -Laplacian operator, ( { p ( u '))' + u a ( t ) f ( t , u t ) = 0, { p ( s ) = | s | p m 2 s , p > 1, the initial condition, u ( s ) = } ( s ), m h s h 0, and the boundary condition, u (0) = 0 = u (1), where a ( t ) is allowed to be singular at the end points of (0, 1). Our results apply to more than just the sublinear and superlinear cases discussed in other references.
Treatment Outcomes of Diabetic Patients With Erectile Dysfunction Prescribed High-Dose Tadalafil

Objective: To assess the treatment outcome of diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction who are prescribed an alternate daily high dose of tadalafil over a 120-day treatment period. Methods: This was a single-site, retrospective, observational study of 63 diabetic men with erectile dysfunction prescribed an alternate daily dose of 30mg of tadalafil between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. Treatment outcomes accessed medication compliance, adverse drug reactions, and patient treatment satisfaction at 60- and 120-days treatment. Results: Mean age of patients was 58.3 years and included patients who suffered from comorbidities ranging from hypertension (54.0%), dyslipidemia (52.3%), and depression (9.5%). At 60 days in the study, 69.8% were satisfied and continued the treatment. However, at the end of the 120-treatment period, a low number of men (17.5%) were satisfied with the treatment and therefore did not remain on the treatment protocol. These patients reported a lack of medication dose efficacy (86.5%), non-compliance with treatment as prescribed (65.4%), and adverse drug reactions (30.8%) as reasons for discontinuing treatment. None of the identified patient demographics were significantly associated with 120-day continuous treatment. Similarly, the odds ratio derived from the logistic regression did not demonstrate an association between the selected variables and the outcome of 120-day continuous treatment retention. Conclusion: This retrospective case series study found that 82.5% of diabetic patients were not satisfied with treatment with alternate dosing of 30mg tadalafil to treat their ED at the end of the 120-day treatment period suggesting an alternative treatment plan.
Ground wave of an idealized lightning return stroke

We model a lightning return stroke by a vertical traveling wave of current with a complex propagation constant. The Sommerfeld-integral analysis is similar to that of a vertical electric dipole over a lossy earth except that the source is distributed in height. When the integration over the source current is performed analytically, an extra term appears in addition to the classical Sommerfeld attenuation function. This term is a result of the height-gain function of the distributed source due to an effective elevated height of the source dipole moment. In most eases of interest, the extra term is small and the height-gain function is not much larger than one. The results have application to remote sensing of lightning from a ground-based observer.
Systematic Review of Brain-Eating Amoeba: A Decade Update

Introduction: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare but lethal infection of the brain caused by a eukaryote called Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri). The aim of this review is to consolidate the recently published case reports of N. fowleri infection by describing its epidemiology and clinical features with the goal of ultimately disseminating this information to healthcare personnel. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and OVID databases until 31 December 2022 by two independent reviewers. All studies from the year 2013 were extracted, and quality assessments were carried out meticulously prior to their inclusion in the final analysis. Results: A total of 21 studies were selected for qualitative analyses out of the 461 studies extracted. The cases were distributed globally, and 72.7% of the cases succumbed to mortality. The youngest case was an 11-day-old boy, while the eldest was a 75-year-old. Significant exposure to freshwater either from recreational activities or from a habit of irrigating the nostrils preceded onset. The symptoms at early presentation included fever, headache, and vomiting, while late sequalae showed neurological manifestation. An accurate diagnosis remains a challenge, as the symptoms mimic bacterial meningitis. Confirmatory tests include the direct visualisation of the amoeba or the use of the polymerase chain reaction method. Conclusions: N. fowleri infection is rare but leads to PAM. Its occurrence is worldwide with a significant risk of fatality. The suggested probable case definition based on the findings is the acute onset of fever, headache, and vomiting with meningeal symptoms following exposure to freshwater within the previous 14 days. Continuous health promotion and health education activities for the public can help to improve knowledge and awareness prior to engagement in freshwater activities.
Hydrocinnamic Acid and Perillyl Alcohol Potentiate the Action of Antibiotics against Escherichia coli

The treatment of bacterial infections has been troubled by the increased resistance to antibiotics, instigating the search for new antimicrobial therapies. Phytochemicals have demonstrated broad-spectrum and effective antibacterial effects as well as antibiotic resistance-modifying activity. In this study, perillyl alcohol and hydrocinnamic acid were characterized for their antimicrobial action against Escherichia coli. Furthermore, dual and triple combinations of these molecules with the antibiotics chloramphenicol and amoxicillin were investigated for the first time. Perillyl alcohol had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 256 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 512 µg/mL. Hydrocinnamic acid had a MIC of 2048 µg/mL and an MBC > 2048 µg/mL. Checkerboard and time-kill assays demonstrated synergism or additive effects for the dual combinations chloramphenicol/perillyl alcohol, chloramphenicol/hydrocinnamic acid, and amoxicillin/hydrocinnamic acid at low concentrations of both molecules. Combenefit analysis showed synergism for various concentrations of amoxicillin with each phytochemical. Combinations of chloramphenicol with perillyl alcohol and hydrocinnamic acid revealed synergism mainly at low concentrations of antibiotics (up to 2 μg/mL of chloramphenicol with perillyl alcohol; 0.5 μg/mL of chloramphenicol with hydrocinnamic acid). The results highlight the potential of combinatorial therapies for microbial growth control, where phytochemicals can play an important role as potentiators or resistance-modifying agents.
A fuzzy Lyapunov approach to fuzzy control system design

This paper discusses the stability of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models via the so-called fuzzy Lyapunov function which is a multiple Lyapunov function. The fuzzy Lyapunov function is defined by fuzzily blending quadratic Lyapunov functions. Based on a fuzzy Lyapunov approach, we gives the stability conditions for open-loop fuzzy systems. All the conditions derived here are represented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and contain upper bounds of the time derivative of premise membership functions as LMI variables. Hence, the treatment of the upper bounds play an important and effective role in system analysis and design. In addition, relaxed stability conditions are also derived by considering the property of the time derivative of premise membership functions. Several analysis and design examples illustrate the utility of the fuzzy Lyapunov approach.
Superprocesses of stochastic flows

We construct a continuous superprocess X on M(R d ) which is the unique weak Feller extension of the empirical process of consistent k-point motions generated by a family of differential operators. The process X differs from known Dawson-Watanabe type, Fleming-Viot type and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type superprocesses. This new type of superprocess provides a connection between stochastic flows and measure-valued processes, and determines a stochastic coalescence which is similar to those of Smoluchowski. Moreover, the support of X describes how an initial measure on R d is transported under the flow. As an example, the process realizes a viewpoint of Darling about the isotropic stochastic flows under certain conditions.
Cohesive Zone Models: A Critical Review of Traction-Separation Relationships Across Fracture Surfaces

One of the fundamental aspects in cohesive zone modeling is the definition of the traction-separation relationship across fracture surfaces, which approximates the nonlinear fracture process. Cohesive traction-separation relationships may be classified as either nonpotential-based models or potential-based models. Potential-based models are of special interest in the present review article. Several potential-based models display limitations, especially for mixed-mode problems, because of the boundary conditions associated with cohesive fracture. In addition, this paper shows that most effective displacement-based models can be formulated under a single framework. These models lead to positive stiffness under certain separation paths, contrary to general cohesive fracture phenomena wherein the increase of separation generally results in the decrease of failure resistance across the fracture surface (i.e., negative stiffness). To this end, the constitutive relationship of mixed-mode cohesive fracture should be selected with great caution.
Nonlinear instability of plane liquid sheets

A nonlinear stability analysis has been carried out for plane liquid sheets moving in a gas medium at rest by a perturbation expansion technique with the initial amplitude of the disturbance as the perturbation parameter. The first, second and third order governing equations have been derived along with appropriate initial and boundary conditions which describe the characteristics of the fundamental, and the first and second harmonics. The results indicate that for an initially sinusoidal sinuous surface disturbance, the thinning and subsequent breakup of the liquid sheet is due to nonlinear effects with the generation of higher harmonics as well as feedback into the fundamental. In particular, the first harmonic of the fundamental sinuous mode is varicose, which causes the eventual breakup of the liquid sheet at the half-wavelength interval of the fundamental wave. The breakup time (or length) of the liquid sheet is calculated, and the effect of the various flow parameters is investigated. It is found that the breakup time (or length) is reduced by an increase in the initial amplitude of disturbance, the Weber number and the gas-to-liquid density ratio, and it becomes asymptotically insensitive to the variations of the Weber number and the density ratio when their values become very large. It is also found that the breakup time (or length) is a very weak function of the wavenumber unless it is close to the cut-off wavenumbers.