Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Bayesian Experimental Design for Chemical Kinetic Models

The optimal selection of experimental conditions is essential in maximizing the value of data for inference and prediction, particularly in situations where experiments are time-consuming and expensive to conduct. A general Bayesian framework for optimal experimental design with nonlinear simulation-based models is proposed. The formulation accounts for uncertainty in model parameters, observables, and experimental conditions. Straightforward Monte Carlo evaluation of the objective function - which reflects expected information gain (Kullback-Leibler divergence) from prior to posterior - is intractable when the likelihood is computationally intensive. Instead, polynomial chaos expansions are introduced to capture the dependence of observables on model parameters and on design conditions. Under suitable regularity conditions, these expansions converge exponentially fast. Since both the parameter space and the design space can be high-dimensional, dimension-adaptive sparse quadrature is used to construct the polynomial expansions. Stochastic optimization methods will be used in the future to maximize the expected utility. While this approach is broadly applicable, it is demonstrated on a chemical kinetic system with strong nonlinearities. In particular, the Arrhenius rate parameters in a combustion reaction mechanism are estimated from observations of autoignition. Results show multiple order-of-magnitude speedups in both experimental design and parameter inference.
Towards Smart Business Travel

Business travel is an area that Government policy has left largely untouched, but in London with the percentage of business trips for an average weekday at 8% in 2007/08 (Transport for London, 2009, table 9.3, pp 137) and the average distance travelled accounting for 15% of all the distances travelled (Transport for London, 2009, table 9.7, pp 148), they account for an important proportion of daily journeys. However, this research has shown more notably, particularly for businesses that do a significant amount of business travel, there is an opportunity for TfL to engage with businesses in a new and effective way at a number of levels. These include: • The strategic level, to outline TfLs strategy for the network and to gain feedback on these plans • The detail level including journey planning information with carbon emissions and cost, and corporate ticketing opportunities. • Managing the commute on a voluntary basis as part of wider Corporate Responsibility programmes. What became clear in this research was that many businesses wanted to engage with TfL, but found it hard to find a point of contact. They also wanted to engage in different ways from the current engagement programme of workplace travel plans and the planning process. The structure of the report is to review the existing literature covering both academic and practitioner work, but focussing on the London data where available. The paper will then go on to report the individual perspective from the findings of a survey of business travellers in London. This survey outlines the purpose of business journeys into London, the alternatives to a physical journey and their barriers to use. The final part of the report will explore the business perspective of business travel using data drawn from a series of face-to-face interviews with businesses and stakeholders. This section will look first at the support and engagement issues raised by the companies participating and then to go on to develop a picture of the business travel area within organisations. The report then covers the drivers and barriers to developing a sustainable business travel policy and the practices and methods of communication to support the policy, including the use of virtual meeting technologies. It then concludes by looking at how business travels links into the commute and the attitude of business to electric vehicles. Finally, the report draws together recommendations for TfL about alternative ways to engage with businesses. Details of the methodology used to generate this report are given in the appendix. In brief, it involved: • Completion of 150 on-line surveys by business travellers, identified through the National Business Travel Network (NBTN), TfLs clients, Open University staff across the regions and Open University students across a range of courses. • Meetings with five stakeholder organisations to identify potential case studies, and • Meetings with eight case study businesses, who were identified by stakeholders as being involved in managing business travel in a more sustainable way.
Disinfection of Natural Water by Solar Photocatalysis Using Immobilized TiO2 Devices: Efficiency in Eliminating Indicator Bacteria and Operating Life of the System

Natural water has been disinfected using TiO2 as the fixed catalyst incorporated in a homemade photoreactor, in which the dimensions and the design parameters are representative of devices that are currently employed at larger scale. The catalyst was immobilized on the external surface of a cylinder of frosted glass situated in the longitudinal axis of a tubular glass reactor. Two alternative methods of immobilizing the catalyst on glass were studied: in the first, a commercial titanium oxide powder (Aeroxide R TiO2 P25) was mounted on a polymeric support; and in the second, it was applied by sol-gel deposition. Illumination was effected by installing the glass reactor in the irradiation chamber of a solar simulator. Under laboratory conditions, groundwater contaminated with cultured and wild bacteria was treated photocatalytically, and the influence of the photolysis, the pumping, and the catalysts was studied. The results obtained have demonstrated that the catalyst immobilized in the interior of the photoreactor presents similar results, in the disinfection of E. coli, as 0.5 g/l of TiO2 P25; and that, in 1.5 h approximately of simulated solar illumination (167 kWUVA s/m ) on the sol-gel deposit of TiO2, it is possible to eliminate 100% of the bacteria covered by international regulations in respect of water for human consumption. With regard to the aging assay of the system, it was observed at 250 h of operation a reduction in the effectiveness of the disinfection process. At 0 and 250 h of operation, the percentages of elimination of E. coli after 50 min of illumination were 100% and 99.5%, respectively. This reduction in the effectiveness of the process was due to the formation of a film of calcium carbonate adhering to the internal glass wall of the photoreactor, which is in contact with the liquid being treated, and to the presence of calcium carbonate precipitates on catalyst surface. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4005338]
Use of Clickers to Improve Student Engagement in Learning: Observations from the Built Environment Discipline

Student engagement and active learning have been identified as key areas for learning enhancement as students tend to understand and retain teaching material better and enjoy lectures when they are actively engaged. This would improve retention and progression of students and could lead to improved levels of academic success. Designing learning activities to improve student engagement has been considered by many universities. This article evaluates the use of ‘Clickers’ (a remote voting system) as a mechanism to improve student engagement within the Built Environment discipline. Focus group discussions and questionnaire surveys with students, interviews with staff members and personal observations were used to collect data. A positive correlation between student engagement and Clicker sessions was evident. Anonymously responding to questions, collaborative learning, and self-evaluation of performance have been able to improve student engagement for Clicker sessions. Effective feedback discussions based on the Clicker questions, knowledge sharing with peers, and reflecting more on the subject content have influenced deep learning among students, and hence, improved learning. The originality of this research stems from the fact that Clickers could be more useful for the Built Environment discipline, as its outward looking teaching and learning approach appropriately matches with that of Clickers technology.
Vehicle Impact Response Analysis Through the Use of Accelerometer Data

This paper analyzes collision pulse shapes including analytical relationships and pulse parameters. Closed form functions are applied and compared to the observed experimental pulse shapes. Differences between analytical predictions and observed experimental results are explored. Techniques are presented whereby collision pulses can be analyzed and applied to the reconstruction of real-world automobile collisions. The use of acceleration time histories and crash test data in the determination of vehicle structural characteristics is investigated. Extrapolated force time histories are determined from the measured accelerometer outputs and this data is compared to barrier load cell data. An analysis is then performed to address the appropriateness of using accelerometer data to extrapolate force versus deflection characteristics. Force versus deflection data is determined for the same vehicle type at differing crash test speeds in order to investigate the rate sensitivity of vehicle crush response. The absorbed energy versus vehicle crush is determined from the instrumented crash test data and analyzed for structural impact trends. The analytical determination of static crush, dynamic crush and vehicle structural restitution is investigated. Staged collision test data includes instrumentation in order to measure acceleration time histories, force time histories and other engineering parameters. The output from these instruments allows the analysis of vehicle energy absorption and collision pulse shape characteristics. Additionally, crash test repeatability, velocity sensitivity, and the influence of rigid versus deformable barriers may be investigated.
BIKEWAY TRAFFIC CONTROL GUIDELINES

This paper was presented at the "Cities, towns and traffic" sessi These proceedings are available on CD-ROM. Due to the growing interest in cycling as a recreational activity and as an alternat mode of transportation, there is increased demand for national guidelines associated with cycling systems and facilites. As part a project funded by the Transportation Association of Canada, a document compiling recommended cycling related signage and pavement marking schemes was developed. The document will be utilized by m agencies and municipalities, as well as those responsible for the planning, design and construction of bicycle facilities. The proj scope included a detailed review of current signage, pavement mar and bicycle facility design manuals utilized internationally. Thi also included an open-forum discussion with Australia's Mr. Andre O'Brien to discuss the cycling related traffic control devices in that country. Mr. O'Brien related to his experience from his assignment to review the AustRoads " Guide to traffic engineering practice : part 14 : bicycles". For the covering abstract of thi conference see IRRD number 490056. (A)
Fatigue cracking of bituminous paving mixtures

This dissertation is concerned with the fatigue cracking of bituminous paving mixtures. It considers both the life to crack initiation and the life for crack propagation, including the development of a method for calculating the number of wheel load applications to either critical or failure condition. The development and subsequent validation of the Indirect Tensile Fatigue Test (ITFT) are described. Both the repeatability and reproducibility of the method are examined as well as its correlation with two other fatigue test methods. The test is shown to be a suitable method for measuring the life to crack initiation of bituminous paving mixtures as well as being an economically viable test. Poisson's ratio for bituminous paving mixtures is examined showing that, provided at least 500 conditioning pulses are used in order to achieve steady state conditions, 0.35 is an appropriate value. Prior to these early load applications Poisson's ratio is shown to be variable and often in excess of 0.50, an explanation of which is given in detail. Crack propagation was experimentally simulated using beams of material with a crack initiated on the underside. The work shows that the rate of crack propagation can be described by a power relationship between the stiffness of the mixture and the number of cycles to failure, which is mixture and binder dependent. A general equation is developed which allows the critical and failure lives of bituminous pavements to be calculated and these are compared to two traditional pavement design methods, giving equivalent results for unmodified mixtures but, giving more realistic results for polymer modified mixtures. Image analysis of the cracks demonstrates that they propagate around coarse aggregate trying to separate it from the matrix and that they travel in the straightest line possible between the point of crack initiation and the point of applied load.
An accurate model of thin film SOI-MOSFET breakdown voltage

A quantitative model which relates the SOI (silicon-on-insulator) MOSFET breakdown voltage to key parameters such as channel length, SOI film thickness, and gate voltage is presented. The SOI breakdown is caused by electron impact ionization current produced near the drain which is subsequently amplified by a parasitic lateral bipolar transition. This model is based on analytic modeling, quasi-2-D simulation and experimental study of the maximum drain electric field in SOI, and a novel method for measuring the lateral BJT (bipolar junction transistor) current gain beta using GIDL (gate-induced drain leakage) current. It can accurately model the breakdown voltage within 0.2 V for different channel lengths, gate voltages, and SOI film thicknesses. <<ETX>>
Emerging Attitudes Regarding Decriminalization: Predictors of Pro-Drug Decriminalization Attitudes in Canada

Canada and the United States have recently evaluated the decriminalization of drugs as multiple provinces and states put motions forward to consider drug decriminalization legislation. The influence of factors such as demographics, substance use, perceived substance use risk, and personality have not been widely studied in predicting attitudes toward drug decriminalization. A total of 504 participants were drawn from university (n = 269, 53.37%) and community samples (n = 235, 46.63%) through online social media groups and posts (i.e., Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, etc). Analyses indicated that male gender, single or non-married relationship status, living outside of Atlantic Canada, higher problematic alcohol use scores, lower Extraversion, higher Open-mindedness, and lower perceived risk of using substances emerged as significant predictors of support for drug decriminalization. These findings have important implications as public attitudes toward a substance influence drug policy.
Compensatory Travel Post COVID-19: Cognitive and Emotional Effects of Risk Perception

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented and devastating impact on the travel and tourism industry worldwide. To sustain tourism organizations in the post-pandemic period, it is crucial to understand the factors that maintain, boost, or diminish the potential demands of international travel. With faith in the industry’s resilience, travel and tourism organizations are counting on the prospect of compensatory travel. However, little is known about the factors affecting potential demands and compensatory travel intention in a post-pandemic world. Hence, this study attempts to conceptualize compensatory travel and to investigate tourists’ cognitive and emotional processes that link risk perception about COVID-19 and compensatory travel intention. The findings support the proposed dual-processing model of suppressing and accelerating travel desire caused by COVID-19. The effect of travel desire on compensatory travel intention is also found.
The mathematical models of welding dynamics in closed and switching electrical contacts

Welding in closed and opening electrical contacts is described mathematically by three models. 1) a nonlinear model of static welding based on differential equations for contact temperature and electrical potential enables one to get information about the spatial distribution of both variables. 2) a transient model of static welding, on the basis of the axisymmetric Stefan problem, describes the dynamics of phase transformation in the property dependence of contact material, current and other parameters. 3) a satisfactory description of dynamic welding during arcing can be obtained by modelling of heat transfer in a domain with two free boundaries corresponding to melting and evaporation interfaces. In conclusion, the relationship between current, parameters of contact closure and contact material, which define immediate or delayed cases of welding, are found and discussed. Results of calculations are compared with experimental data.
PENGUKURAN TINGKAT DAYA SAING DAERAH BERDASARKAN VARIABEL PEREKONOMIAN DAERAH, VARIABEL INFRASTRUKTUR DAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM, SERTA VARIABEL SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DI WILAYAH PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

Daya saing wilayah menunjukkan kemampuan suatu wilayah menciptakan nilai tambah untuk mencapai kesejahteraan yang tinggi dan berkelanjutan dengan tetap terbuka pada persaingan domestik dan internasional. Pengembangan wilayah di kota-kota dan kabupaten-kabupaten di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan daya saing tersebut, walaupun dalam pengembangannya menghadapi permasalahan-permasalahan yang antara lain disebabkan oleh kurang berkembangnya sumber daya manusia yang diakibatkan oleh rendahnya tingkat pendidikan dan rendahnya kualitas hidup masyarakat serta kurangnya prasarana dan sarana untuk menunjang kesejahteraan masyarakat. Perbandingan relatif tingkat daya saing antar kota kabupaten tersebut; berdasarkan 3 (tiga) variabel yaitu tingkat perekonomian daerah, ketersediaan infrastruktur dan sumber daya alam, serta ketersediaan dan kualitas sumber daya manusia; dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana daerah-daerah tersebut memiliki keunggulan untuk mengatasi persamalahan-permasalahan dalam pengembangan wilayahnya. Kata kunci: Pengembangan Wilayah, Daya Saing. Abstract The competitiveness of the region demonstrated the ability of an area to create added value to achieve a high and sustainable prosperity to remain open to domestic and international competition. Development areas in the cities and districts in Southeast Sulawesi is an effort to enhance the competitiveness, even in the face of development issues among others caused by the lack of development of human resources caused by low levels of education and poor quality of life and the lack of infrastructure and facilities to support the welfare of the community. Comparison of the relative level of competitiveness between the city districts; based on 3 (three) variables, namely the level of the regional economy, the availability of infrastructure and natural resources, as well as the availability and quality of human resources was done to see the extent to which these areas has the advantage to overcome persamalahan these issues in the development of the region. Keywords: Regional Development, Competitiveness.
Harmonics in large offshore wind farms

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The hospital building as project and matter of concern: the role of representations in negotiating patient room designs and bodies

Mock-ups, scale models and drawings are ubiquitous in building design processes, circulating between various stakeholders. They contribute to the gradual evolution of design, but what else can specific material forms of representations do for the building design and project? The full-scale model of a hospital single-bed room can be different in terms of detail and medium, but in what sense might it perform different and similar functions? The mobilization of multiple forms of representations and visualizations suggest that design materialization might have several important roles to play in negotiating the building design and project, including the exposition and resolution of controversy concerning size of spaces and bodies. The paper compares the use of two different forms of representation of the same imagined space—a single-bed room in a hospital, and produced for similar purposes—to ascertain what the optimum (or minimum) spatial requirements should be to allow effective care of patients. The first r.
Missing Data Treatments at the Second Level of Hierarchical Linear Models

The current study evaluated the performance of traditional versus modern MDTs in the estimation of fixed-effects and variance components for data missing at the second level of an hierarchical linear model (HLM) model across 24 different study conditions. Variables manipulated in the analysis included, (a) number of Level-2 variables with missing data, (b) percentage of missing data, and (c) Level-2 sample size. Listwise deletion outperformed all other methods across all study conditions in the estimation of both fixed-effects and variance components. The model-based procedures evaluated, EM and MI, outperformed the other traditional MDTs, mean and group mean substitution, in the estimation of the variance components, outperforming mean substitution in the estimation of the fixed-effects as well. Group mean substitution performed well in the estimation of the fixed-effects, but poorly in the estimation of the variance components. Data in the current study were modeled as missing completely at random (MCAR). Further research is suggested to compare the performance of model-based versus traditional MDTs, specifically listwise deletion, when data are missing at random (MAR), a condition that is more likely to occur in practical research settings.