Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wemindji Cree Observations and Interpretations of Climate Change: Documenting Vulnerability and Adaptability in the Sub-Arctic

The attention given to documenting indigenous peoples’ observations and interpretations of climate change has grown in recent decades. Much of this research has involved descriptive accounts of local observations, focused primarily on tangible aspects of change, including changes in weather patterns, the seasons, and related environmental conditions. The last decade has also seen a response to critiques of indigenous methodologies through an increased attention on the need for community-based participatory approaches. In the context of climate change, these approaches seek to recognize and support appropriate coping and adaptive strategies. However, the conventional descriptive assessments of indigenous observations and interpretations of climate change do not adequately address the contextual nature of these observations and interpretations. Through a case-study approach, this paper demonstrates that more intangible dimensions of change, such as those reflected in various beliefs, taboos, and legends, are equally important considerations in the recognition and support of coping and adaptive strategies. By working closely with members of the Cree Nation of Wemindji to identify the complexity of climate change in their territory, this research also responds to calls for a community-based participatory approach. In doing so, the research identifies some of the recent and innovative responses the community has made, such as the strategic use of protected areas, which may inform other communities’ responses and contribute to their resilience in the face of change.
Changes in Size and Growth of Anadyr Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from 1962-2007

Annual changes in body size and growth of Anadyr chum salmon (ages 0.3 and 0.4) in 1962-2007 were studied. Regression analysis showed that the fork length and weight of Anadyr chum salmon significantly decreased from the 1960s to the 2000s. Mean body length of Anadyr chum salmon was highest in 1972 and 1979, and lowest in 1991 and 1994. The most pronounced decrease in chum salmon body size occurred from the early 1980s to the mid 1990s. In 1962-1980 and 1997-2007, mean fork length and weight remained relatively stable. The first-year growth of Anadyr chum salmon, estimated from intersclerite distances, did not change significantly from 1962 to 2007. Growth reduction began in the second year, and the greatest reduction occured in the third year. There was a significant negative correlation between annual total catches of Pacific salmon and Anadyr chum salmon fork length, body weight, and growth during the second, third and fourth years. Our results may cor- roborate the conclusions of other researchers that climatic and oceanic conditions can strongly affect the carrying capacity for Pacific salmon and other fish.
Association between Serum Ferritin and Prognosis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in Intensive Care Units

Purpose: Recent years have seen a clear link established between elevated ferritin levels and COVID-19 prognosis. However, the impact of heightened ferritin levels on the prognosis of individuals with severe ischemic heart disease remains uncertain. Methods: We utilized the MIMIC IV database to identify a cohort of ischemic heart disease patients who underwent serum ferritin testing. We conducted regression analyses, employed the overlap propensity score weighting model, and utilized the restricted cubic splines model to comprehensively investigate the associations between serum ferritin levels and clinical outcomes. Results: Our cohort included 1173 patients with diagnosed ischemic heart disease, categorized into high and low serum ferritin groups. After meticulous adjustment for confounding factors in a fully adjusted model, the hazard ratios (HRs) for 90-day and 1-year mortality were 1.63 (95% CI: 1.27–2.09) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.19–1.86), respectively, in the high-ferritin group compared to the low-ferritin group. Subsequent analyses with propensity score weighting confirmed these results. Remarkably, restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an almost linear relationship between log-transformed serum ferritin levels and the risk of both 90-day and 1-year all-cause mortality. Moreover, incorporating ferritin into conventional severity of illness scores significantly improved the area under the curve for both 90-day and 1-year mortality. Conclusions: This study provides compelling evidence regarding the prognostic significance of serum ferritin in predicting 90-day and one-year mortality rates among patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Plant Disease Classification and Detection

Precision agriculture is a rapidly developing field aimed at addressing current concerns about agricultural sustainability. Machine learning is the cutting edge technology underpinning precision agriculture, enabling the development of advanced disease detection and classification methods. This paper presents a review of the application of machine learning and deep learning techniques in precision agriculture, specifically for detecting and classifying plant diseases. We propose a novel classification scheme that categorizes all relevant works in the associated classes. We separate the studies into two main categories depending on the methodology that they use (i.e., classification or object detection). In addition, we present the available datasets for plant disease detection and classification. Finally, we perform an extensive computational study on five state-of-the-art object detection algorithms on PlantDoc dataset to detect diseases present on the leaves, and eighteen state-of-the-art classification algorithms on PlantDoc dataset to predict whether or not there is a disease in a leaf. Computational results show that object detection accuracy is high with YOLOv5. For the image classification task, the networks ResNet50 and MobileNetv2 have the most optimal trade-off on accuracy and training time.
BOARD DIVERSITY AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURES

Companies in Indonesia still don't care enough about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) causing various kinds of problems. Whereas, CSR is a form of corporate responsibility to stakeholders. This study aim to examine the effect of board diversity on the disclosure of CSR. All manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2020 are used for population of this study. This study used quantitative approach and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of testing of hypotheses, it is found that gender diversity, educational background diversity, and board size diversity have no effect on CSR disclosure. Then, tenure diversity and age diversity have a positive effect on CSR disclosure. Control variables in this study are company size and profitability. While company size has a positive effect and profitability has no effect on CSR disclosure. The results of this study can be used materials for improvements related to CSR disclosure in manufacturing companies.
Novel lipid antigens for NKT cells in cancer

Cancer immunotherapy aims to unleash the power of the immune system against tumors without the side effects of traditional chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic methods vary widely, but all follow the same basic principle: overcome the barriers utilized by cancers to avoid immune destruction. These approaches often revolve around classical T cells, such as with CAR T cells and neoantigen vaccines; however, the utility of the innate-like iNKT cell in cancer immunotherapy has gained significant recognition. iNKT cells parallel classic T cell recognition of peptide antigens presented on MHC through their recognition of lipid antigens presented on the MHC I-like molecule CD1d. Altered metabolism and a lipogenic phenotype are essential properties of tumor cells, representing a unique feature that may be exploited by iNKT cells. In this review, we will cover properties of iNKT cells, CD1d, and lipid antigen presentation. Next, we will discuss the cancer lipidome and how it may be exploited by iNKT cells through a window of opportunity. Finally, we will review, in detail, novel lipid antigens for iNKT cells in cancer.
NUTRIENT CYCLING IN Eucalyptus AND Pinus PLANTATIONS ECOSYSTEMS: SILVICULTURAL IMPLICATIONS

Distribution and movement of mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were studied in an 11 years old stand of Eucalyptus saligna and in a 14 years old stand of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, located respectively near Piracicaba and near Agudos (State of Sao Paulo -Brazil). In the E. saligna stand annual mean leaf-fall was 4,490 kg/ha with 27.3 kg of N, 2.2 kg of P, 16.7 kg of K, 44 kg of Ca and 9.3 kg of Mg. In the stand of P. caribaea the annual leaf-fall was 8,373 kg/ha with 43.7 kg of N, 2.2 kg of P, 22.2 kg of K, 20.4 kg of Ca and 6.4 kg of Mg. The above-ground biomass of E. saligna stand was estimated in 186 t/ha and accumulated 219 kg of N, 58 kg of P, 190 kg of K, 954 kg of Ca and 81 kg of Mg. P. caribaea biomass was 153.6 t/ha including 304 kg of N, 16.2 kg of P, 150.6 kg of K, 103.7 kg of Ca and 34 kg of Mg. The leaf-litter accumulation in E. saligna stand was also estimated at 7936 kg/ha and at 20238 kg/ha in P. caribaea var. hondurensis stand. Nutrients export by biomass harvesting, taking into account total tree or traditional bole explotation, was compared with the atmospheric input in the ecosystem. Considering the total quantity of mineral nutrients included in the above-ground biomass and the low reserves in the soil of the stands, it V/as found to be improper the utilization of very short rotation and whole-tree harvesting. It was recommended that silvicultural rotations should not be shorter than the ecological rotations and consequently the equilibrium between nutrient removal in harvested material and natural or artificial replacements to the site must be maintained. RESUMO - Para se conhecer o padrao de ciclagem dos nutrientes em ecossistemas de plantacoes florestais foram quantificados os estoques e a movimentacao dos elementos N, P, K, Ca e Mg num talhao de E. saligna, plantado em Piracicaba e num talhao de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, plantado em Agudos. A queda de folhedo foi estudada durante um periodo de 3 anos, sendo que no talhao de E. saligna foi registrada uma deposicao anual de 4490 kg/ha contendo: 27,3 kg de N, 2,2 kg de P, 16,7 kg de K, 44 kg de Ca e 9,3 kg de Mg e no talhao de P. caribaea uma deposicao anual de 8,373 kg/ha contendo 43,7 kg de N, 2,2 kg de P, 22,2 kg de K, 20,4 kg de Ca e 6,4 kg de Mg. A biomassa do talhao de E. saligna, aos 11 anos de idade, totalizou 186 t/ha contendo 219 kg de N, 58 kg de P, 190 kg de K, 954 kg de Ca e 81 kg de Mg. 0 talhao de P. caribaea, aos 14 anos, com uma biomassa total de 153,6 t/ha apresentou o seguinte conteudo de nutrientes: 304 kg de N, 16,2 kg de P, 150,6 kg de K, 103,7 kg de Ca e 34 kg de Mg. O acumulo de nutrientes na serapilheira foi estimado em 7936 kg/ha no talhao de E. saligna e em 20238 kg/ha no talhao de P. caribaea. A saida de nutrientes do sitio pela exportacao da biomassa arborea, considerando o sistema de exploracao total da arvore ou apenas do tronco, foi comparada com a entrada de nutrientes por via atmosferica. Os resultados sao discutidos face as
Distribution of cup-disc ratio in a Swedish population

Background Increased cup-disc ratio (CDR) is a hallmark of open-angle glaucoma (OAG), an age-related neurodegenerative disease of significant importance for public health. There are few studies on the distribution of CDR in the Nordic populations. Methods The distribution of CDR was studied in 749 subjects aged 65–74 years in a population survey in the rural district of Tierp, Sweden, from 1984 to 86. The optic discs were assessed with binocular ophthalmoscopy at a slit lamp. Drawings of the discs were made in the protocol and used for the calculation of vertical CDRs. Odds ratios, adjusted for age and sex, according to Mantel-Haenszel (ORMH), were determined to estimate predictors of increased CDR, defined as a ratio in the upper quartile. For these analyses, the eye with the most advanced OAG or the highest pressure was chosen. Automated perimetry was used to identify OAG. Results The distribution of vertical CDR was fairly close to that of other European-derived populations. The mean CDR was 0.45 in both eyes, with no difference between women and men. An increased ratio was associated with the age ≥70 years, a positive family history of OAG and intraocular pressure ≥20 mmHg. OAG increased the risk 8-fold (ORMH 8.06; 95% CI 4.12–15.8). Conclusions In this study, the distribution of CDR was fairly close to that of other European-derived populations. As expected, OAG increased the risk of having a CDR in the upper quartile. The CDR increased with age.
Estimating global carbon uptake by lichens and bryophytes with a process-based model

Lichens and bryophytes are abundant globally and they may even form the dominant autotrophs in (sub)polar ecosystems, in deserts and at high altitudes. Moreover, they can be found in large amounts as epiphytes in old-growth forests. Here, we present the first process-based model which estimates the net carbon uptake by these organisms at the global scale, thus assessing their significance for biogeochemical cycles. The model uses gridded climate data and key properties of the habitat (e.g. disturbance intervals) to predict processes which control net carbon uptake, namely photosynthesis, respiration, water uptake and evaporation. It relies on equations used in many dynamical vegetation models, which are combined with concepts specific to lichens and bryophytes, such as poikilohydry or the effect of water content on CO 2 diffusivity. To incorporate the great functional variation of lichens and bryophytes at the global scale, the model parameters are characterised by broad ranges of possible values instead of a single, globally uniform value. The predicted terrestrial net uptake of 0.34 to 3.3 Gt yr −1 of carbon and global patterns of productivity are in accordance with empirically-derived estimates. Considering that the assimilated carbon can be invested in processes such as weathering or nitrogen fixation, lichens and bryophytes may play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles.
Sedimentary patterns and palaeoceanography of the Albian Marne a Fucoidi Formation (Central Italy) revealed by high‐resolution geochemical and nannofossil data

The pelagic Marne a Fucoidi Formation from the Umbria–Marche Basin (Central Italy) is one of the best‐preserved deep‐marine archives of the Aptian–Albian. Frequent changes in lithology, from black to green and red marlstones and limestones, record fluctuating oceanographic and climatic conditions during the deposition of these sediments. Here, the lithological changes in the Albian of the Marne a Fucoidi Formation are studied with unprecedented resolution using X‐ray fluorescence core scanning measurements of major and minor element abundances, as well as statistical analyses of calcareous nannofossil indices. The results obtained with these two independent methodologies are in good agreement and allow for improving the understanding of the peculiar palaeoceanographic conditions of the western Tethys during the Albian. Black shale–marlstone couplets were driven by orbitally forced changes in physical oceanography, resulting in oxygen‐depleted bottom water at times of decreased mixing of shallow water masses. On the other hand, red marlstones represent episodes of enhanced oxygenation at the bottom, probably due to the influence of deep waters from the eastern Tethys. Overall, the Marne a Fucoidi Formation is the expression of highly variable oceanographic conditions related to an unstable Albian circulation mode.
Dose analysts’ private information acquisition impact on stock price crash risk? Based on Chinese Market

This paper selects A-share companies listed on China's Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2007 to 2021 as the research sample and empirically tests the correlation between analysts' private information acquisition ability and stock price crash risk, and finds that the improvement of analysts' private information acquisition ability will effectively reduce the expected stock price crash risk, and proves that the results are not affected by the endogeneity factors through a series of robustness tests, which are robust. Meanwhile, this paper finds that analysts' private information acquisition ability mainly weakens stock price crash risk by reducing information asymmetry through mediation mechanism analysis, and further finds that it reduces information asymmetry through the internal control efficiency path and the surplus forecasting path. Moreover, in the heterogeneity test, this paper finds that analysts' private information acquisition ability has a greater ability to influence stock price crash risk in firms with low industry concentration, large size, high audit quality or state-owned nature. The above results have important implications for capital markets and investors.
AI, Analytics and a New Assessment Model for Universities

As the COVID-19 pandemic recedes, its legacy has been to disrupt universities across the world, most immediately in developing online adjuncts to face-to-face teaching. Behind these problems lie those of assessment, particularly traditional summative assessment, which has proved more difficult to implement. This paper models the current practice of assessment in higher education as influenced by ten factors, the most important of which are the emerging technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) and learning analytics (LA). Using this model and a SWOT analysis, the paper argues that the pressures of marketisation and demand for nontraditional and vocationally oriented provision put a premium on courses offering a more flexible and student-centred assessment. This could be facilitated through institutional strategies enabling assessment for learning: an approach that employs formative assessment supported by AI and LA, together with collaborative working in realistic contexts, to facilitate students’ development as flexible and sustainable learners. While literature in this area tends to focus on one or two aspects of technology or assessment, this paper aims to be integrative by drawing upon more comprehensive evidence to support its thesis.
Study of Urban Thermal Environment and Local Circulations of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area Using WRF and Local Climate Zones

The Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a cluster of world‐class cities, is undergoing rapid urbanization. However, the heterogeneity of the urban thermal environment resulting from the diversity of urban forms is not yet fully understood. This paper assesses the heterogeneity of the urban heat island (UHI) effect in the GBA using the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model/multi‐layer urban canopy and building energy model (BEP/BEM), with high‐resolution local climate zone (LCZ) map as urban land use/land cover data. The average UHI intensity is found to peak at 1.8 ± 0.4°C in the evening, when the average UHI intensity of LCZ 2 can reach a maximum of 2.4 ± 0.58°C. Properly setting air‐conditioning temperatures can effectively prevent the enhancement of the UHI phenomenon at night by the anthropogenic heat (AH) released from air‐conditioning. The UHI‐induced local circulations and enhanced surface roughness inhibit the penetration of sea breezes inland, and surface wind speed decreases in all LCZs, with a maximum change of more than 0.8 m s−1. However, the increased thermal difference between land and sea leads to enhanced sea breezes offshore, especially in the Pearl River estuary. In addition, a series of sensitivity experiments have been conducted in this paper on initial and boundary conditions, building drag coefficients and urban fractions, which paves the way for further analyzing urban climate in GBA using WRF model and LCZs.
Response of Auxins and Cytokinins on Citrus suhuiensis Adventitious Shoot Culture Initiation and Growth

Bacterial and viral diseases are the common problems hampering vast majority of citrus plant which resulted in the decrease of citrus trees development and production yield. While the usage of chemicals to eliminate internal pathogens is harmful to the ecosystem, plant tissue culture is another alternative to develop disease-free plants based on the defined physical and chemical conditions under aseptic environment. This study aimed to initiate Citrus suhuiensis (C. suhuiensis) adventitious shoot culture specifically in response towards different types of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The effect of explants and PGRs were evaluated on the shoot growth within 35 days. C. suhuiensis shoot cultures were induced from three different explants which are leaf, callus and seeds on the solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different combinations of PGR which are auxins i.e. 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) or indole butyric acid (IBA) at 0.5 mg/L, respectively with cytokinins i.e. 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin (KN) at various concentrations (0.5 - 4.0 mg/L). Based on the results, the earliest shoot emergence from the cotyledon can be observed after 8th day of inoculation for PGRs combination of 0.5 mg/L IBA with 2.0 mg/L, 3.0 mg/L KN and 3.0 mg/L BAP, respectively. Meanwhile, based on the ANOVA analysis (p-value < 0.05), the most significant PGRs combination for the establishment of C. suhuiensis shoot culture is IBA and KN followed by the treatment of NAA and KN. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for future investigation of micropropagation of shoot culture and cultivation of C. suhuiensis plant.
Interfacially adsorbed bubbles determine the shape of droplets

The characterization of density correlations in the presence of strongly fluctuating interfaces has always been considered a difficult problem in statistical mechanics. Here we study - by using recently developed exact field-theoretical techniques - density correlations for an interface with endpoints on a wall forming a droplet in 2D. Our framework applies to interfaces entropically repelled by a hard wall as well as to wetting transitions. In the former case bubbles adsorbed on the interface are taken into account by the theory which yields a systematic treatment of finite-size corrections to one- and two-point functions and show how these are related to Brownian excursions. Our analytical predictions are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations without free parameters. We also determine one- and two-point functions at wetting by using integrable boundary field theory. We show that correlations are long ranged for entropic repulsion and at wetting. For both regimes we investigate correlations in momentum space by generalizing the notion of interface structure factor to semi-confined systems. Distinctive signatures of the two regimes manifest in the structure factor through a term that we identify on top of the capillary-wave one.