Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Stress Levels and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Final Year Students of the Faculty of Nursing, University of Riau

Final year students are prone to experiencing stress as a result of the pressure or burden they experience. Stressful conditions can cause sleep problems in individuals, one of which is Excessive Daytime Sleepiness. EDS is a feeling of excessive sleepiness during the day. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stress levels and the incidence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in final year students of the Faculty of Nursing, University of Riau. This study uses a type of quantitative research with a correlation research design and a cross sectional approach. The study was conducted on 105 respondents, namely final year students at the Faculty of Nursing, University of Riau with a sampling technique using proportional random sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet. The analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis using the Pearson Chi Square test. The results of the bivariate statistical test showed that there was a relationship between stress levels and the incidence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in final year students of the Faculty of Nursing, University of Riau with a p value of 0.000 α (0.05). There is a relationship between stress levels and the incidence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in students of the Faculty of Nursing, University of Riau. It is expected that students can control stressful events to avoid Excessive Daytime Sleepiness.
Solidification and Gravity IV

This collection of papers provides the most up-to-date information available for researchers and engineers who are interested in any aspect of the field of solidification processes. Herein, theoretical analyses are presented, as well as studies of the technological problems which are associated with solidification in various gravitational environments. The topics covered range from fundamental aspects and modelling, to practical engineering applications. The contents are presented under the headings of: Rapid Solidification; Microstructure Evolution of Eutectics, Peritectics and Monotectics; Single Crystals; Melt Flow, Macrosegregation; Particle Inclusion, Foam, Composites; Microsegregation, Mushy Zone; Microgravity Effect; Continuous and Mould Casting; Thermophysical Properties; Author Index and Keyword Index. This work will be of great interest to those who come into contact with solidification, in any of its guises.
Feasibility of Najran rocks crushing waste as manufactured sand in the sustainable concrete industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT The rock crushing process produces powdered materials, and tons of these are buried as waste in low-lying areas, dumped on plains, or stacked on them across large areas, negatively impacting the Najran region’s environment in Saudi Arabia, and later they have been used to create manufactured sand (MS). We have studied the feasibility of using Najran MS in the industry of concrete (whose constituents are cement, sand, gravel, and water) by replacing it partially with natural sand in different percentages (20%, 30%, 40%, 60%, and 80%). Based on the British specifications, the physical and mechanical tests of the aggregate and concrete were performed on the Najran manufactured sand concrete samples and compared to conventional concrete samples. In addition, ultrasound tests and scanning electron microscopy of samples were performed to study their internal characteristics. Through the physical tests that were carried out on the two samples of natural sand and Najran manufactured sand, it was found that, except for the absorption of the manufactured sand, they are within the limits of the required British specifications, where the bulk particle density was 2.6 gm/cm 3 and 2.8 gm/cm 3 and the absorption was 1.85% and 9.94% for both natural sand and Najran manufactured sand, respectively. The gradation of natural sand was classified as medium, and the Najran manufactured sand was coarse, falling within the limits of the gradation. According to the ultrasonic test and scanning electron microscope of the concrete samples, it was found that the density of hardened concrete increases by increasing the percentage of Najran manufactured sand replacing natural sand in the concrete mix up to 40%, where the enhancement was 51.78% and 53.46% for the bulk density and the dry density, respectively, subsequently the density decreases gradually. Eventually, it is found that the optimum content of Najran manufactured sand that required improving the mechanical properties of the produced concrete is 40% replacement for natural sand, which gains enhancements of 13.75% for both compressive strength and flexural strength, and 11.9% for splitting strength, respectively, when compared with the properties of conventional concrete. This study can help to manage and reduce significant environmental pollution problems, as well as develop sustainable, low-cost materials that can be used in buildings by low-income people, particularly in Saudi Arabia.
The Relationship between the Biofilm Genes and Antibiotic Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Objectives Today, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a major opportunistic pathogen among hospitalized or immunocompromised patients. Antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates are increasing in several parts of the world. Various antibiotic-resistance and biofilm-forming genes are identified in this bacterium. Its capacity to form biofilms is an important virulence factor that may impact antibiotic-resistance patterns. In the current study, we evaluated the biofilm-formation capacity, antibiotic-resistance profile, and prevalence of biofilm-forming genes as well as antibiotic resistance genes among S. maltophilia isolates. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 94 clinical S. maltophilia isolates were recovered from four tertiary-care hospitals in Iran between 2021 and 2022. The presence of the selected antibiotic-resistance genes and biofilm-forming genes was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ability of biofilm formation was examined by microtiter plate assay. The Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), levofloxacin, and minocycline resistance. Results S. maltophilia is mainly isolated from bloodstream infections. Notably, 98.93% of isolates were biofilm producers, of which 19.35%, 60.22%, and 20.43% produced strong, moderate, and weak biofilm, respectively. The frequency of biofilm genes was 100%, 97.88%, 96.80%, and 75.53% for spgM, rmlA, smf-1, and rpfF, respectively. Isolates with the genotype of smf-1+/rmlA+/spgM+/rpfF+ were mostly strong biofilm producers. Among the antibiotic-resistance genes, the Smqnr, L1, and sul1 had the highest prevalence (76.59%, 72.34%, and 64.89), respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation showed 1.06%, 3.19%, and 6.3% resistance to minocycline, TMP-SMX, and levofloxacin. Conclusion The results of the current study demonstrated that S. maltophilia isolates differ in biofilm-forming ability. Moreover, smf-1, rmlA, and spgM genes were presented in all strong biofilm producers. Although the overall resistance rate to the evaluated antibiotics was high, there was no statistically significant relation between antibiotic resistance and the type of biofilm.
Humor-Based COVID-19 Twitter Accounts

Crisis Named Resources (or CNRs) are social media pages and accounts named after a crisis event. Using the COVID-19 Pandemic as a case study, we identified and examined the role of CNRs that shared humor on Twitter. Our analyses showed that humor-based CNRs shared virus-related rumors, stigma, safety measures, opinions, sarcasm, and news updates. These resources also shared the overall anger and frustration over the year 2020. We conclude by discussing the critical role of humor based CNRs in crisis response.
Perception of Self-Moving Speed in Different Visual Cue and Viewpoint Conditions in Virtual Reality Environment

The perception of geometric cues in virtual spaces differs from that in actual spaces due to the reduced amount of information available in virtual spaces. To investigate the perception of own motion speed in virtual spaces, we conducted a user study involving 30 participants. We manipulated the amount and type of visual information and the viewpoint (i.e., first- or third-person perspective) in the virtual space, and investigated the subjective speed perception in a broad speed range using the psychophysical method of magnitude estimation. We investigated three types of virtual hallways with different scenery: the bleak hallway with little visual information, the hallway filled with objects with easily predictable dimensions, and the hallway with a textured wall that provided greater optical flows but little dimensional cues. Our results show that the speed was perceived to be slower in the bleak hallway than in the other hallways at some speed levels for both the first- and third-person perspective conditions. For the first-person perspective condition, the virtual space with the larger amount of dimensional information could lead to a more linear or accurate speed perception. In the third-person perspective condition, the speed perception was more linear than in the first-person perspective condition for the bleak and textured-wall conditions, and the differences in linearity between different hallway conditions diminished. Designers of virtual reality content need to know these properties of speed perception in virtual spaces.
Evaluation of renal disturbance in animal models of polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease characterized by hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia, followed by luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency. PCOS conditions cause metabolic disorders that increase uric acid levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Animal models of PCOS have been used extensively in research to study the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and treatment of PCOS. Aim: This study aimed to identify the pathological mechanisms underlying renal dysfunction in PCOS by observing several parameters, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid, and renal MDA levels. Methods: This research was an experimentally designed study using a Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) as an animal model of PCOS which were divided into three groups: negative control group (n = 6), Testosterone propionate (TP) induction group (n = 6), and estradiol valerate (EV) induction group (n = 6). Results: According to statistical analysis it indicated that induction of TP and EV can increase blood uric acid levels in PCOS model rats (p < 0.05), TP induction can increase kidney BUN and MDA levels significantly (p < 0.05), However, the observation of creatinine levels did not show significant differences in all treatment groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the induction of animal models with TP can trigger significant renal damage compared to EV.
Institutional pressures on setting up big data analytics capability

Abstract This article aims to analyze the setting up of tangible resources and human big data skills, in the face of institutional pressures, in the big data analytics capability in Brazilian companies. Innovation influences the environment in which companies are inserted, increasing uncertainties, resulting in behavioral changes of social players. In response to individual efforts to rationally deal with uncertainties and constraints, organizational homogenization emerges. However, the institutional pressures that influence the setting up of specific resources are still not fully understood in the literature. The replication of the study by Dubey (2019b) is considered, seeing big data technology as an innovation that has caused changes in the social context, thus we seek to grasp the setting up of organizational big data resources in Brazilian companies to build BDA capability, due to institutional pressures. The study makes it possible to see how institutional pressures set up BDA capability, thus being able to provide means to investment allocation decisions in data technology or improve technical management skills in the business intelligence team. The study brought to light the environmental response, resulting from the technological innovation of big data, in Brazilian companies. This demonstrates that organizations adhering to big data technology select their resources in the face of various pressures, in order to build big data analytics capability. This research has a descriptive and quantitative nature, and its operationalization took place through a survey. The research population consists of Brazilian companies that use technology with a large volume of structured and/or unstructured data, to generate results and insights, which support decision making. The survey participants were employees of Brazilian companies that have positions related to building big data analytics capability, located through the LinkedIn platform. 136 valid responses were obtained. To test the hypotheses, the Structural Equation Modeling technique was used by means of the software Smartspls v. 3.2. 3. This study contributes by bringing an understanding of organizational behavior in the face of institutional pressures (coercive, normative, and mimetic) when selecting tangible resources and human big data skills to build BDA capability, using Resource-Based Theory. It is observed that the setting up of BDA capability is influenced by tangible resources and human skills. Tangible resources are selected due to formal pressures, competitive conditions, and by imitating existing standards in the market. Meanwhile, the required human skills are impacted, through legitimation and professional networks of decision makers.
Microbial communities inhabiting shallow hydrothermal vents as sentinels of acidification processes

Introduction Shallow hydrothermal vents are considered natural laboratories to study the effects of acidification on biota, due to the consistent CO2 emissions with a consequent decrease in the local pH. Methods Here the microbial communities of water and sediment samples from Levante Bay (Vulcano Island) with different pH and redox conditions were explored by Next Generation Sequencing techniques. The taxonomic structure was elucidated and compared with previous studies from the same area in the last decades. Results and discussion The results revealed substantial shifts in the taxonomic structure of both bacterial and archaeal communities, with special relevance in the sediment samples, where the effects of external parameters probably act for a long time. The study demonstrates that microbial communities could be used as indicators of acidification processes, by shaping the entire biogeochemical balance of the ecosystem in response to stress factors. The study contributes to understanding how much these communities can tell us about future changes in marine ecosystems.
Artificial Intelligence in Childcare: Assessing the Performance and Acceptance of ChatGPT Responses

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the performance and acceptance of responses generated by ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to Japanese childcare-related questions to assess their potential applicability and limitations in the childcare field, specifically focusing on the accuracy, usefulness, and empathy of the generated answers. Methods We evaluated answers in Japanese generated by GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 for two types of childcare-related questions. ① For the written examination questions of Japan's childcare worker national examination for 2023's fiscal year, we calculated the correct answer rates using official answers. ② We selected one question from each of the seven categories from the child-rearing questions posted on the Japanese National Childcare Workers Association's website and had GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 generate answers. These were evaluated alongside existing childcare worker answers by human professionals. Five childcare workers then blindly selected what they considered the best answer among the three and rated them on a five-point scale for 'accuracy,' 'usefulness,' and 'empathy. ' Results In the examination consisting of 160 written questions, both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 produced responses to all 155 questions, excluding four questions omitted due to copyright concerns and one question deemed invalid due to inherent flaws in the question itself, with correct answer rates of 30.3% for GPT-3.5 and 47.7% for GPT-4 (p<0.01). For the child-rearing Q&A questions, childcare worker answers by human professionals were chosen as the best answer most frequently (45.7%), followed by GPT-3.5 (31.4%) and GPT-4 (22.9%). While GPT-3.5 received the highest average rating for accuracy (3.69 points), childcare worker answers by human professionals received the highest average ratings for usefulness and empathy (both 3.57 points). Conclusions Both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 failed to meet the passing criteria in Japan's childcare worker national examination, and for the child-rearing questions, GPT-3.5 was rated higher in accuracy despite lower correct answer rates. Over half of the childcare workers considered the ChatGPT-generated answers to be the best ones, yet concerns about accuracy were observed, highlighting the potential risk of incorrect information in the Japanese context.
Challenges and insights in the exploration of the low abundance human ocular surface microbiome

Purpose The low microbial abundance on the ocular surface results in challenges in the characterization of its microbiome. The purpose of this study was to reveal factors introducing bias in the pipeline from sample collection to data analysis of low-abundant microbiomes. Methods Lower conjunctiva and lower lid swabs were collected from six participants using either standard cotton or flocked nylon swabs. Microbial DNA was isolated with two different kits (with or without prior host DNA depletion and mechanical lysis), followed by whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing with a high sequencing depth set at 60 million reads per sample. The relative microbial compositions were generated using the two different tools MetaPhlan3 and Kraken2. Results The total amount of extracted DNA was increased by using nylon flocked swabs on the lower conjunctiva. In total, 269 microbial species were detected. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Depending on the DNA extraction kit and tool used for profiling, the microbial composition and the relative abundance of viruses varied. Conclusion The microbial composition on the ocular surface is not dependent on the swab type, but on the DNA extraction method and profiling tool. These factors have to be considered in further studies about the ocular surface microbiome and other sparsely colonized microbiomes in order to improve data reproducibility. Understanding challenges and biases in the characterization of the ocular surface microbiome may set the basis for microbiome-altering interventions for treatment of ocular surface associated diseases.
A Post-Pandemic Analysis of the Relationship Between Firm Size and Job Embeddedness in Public Accounting Firms

This study examines the relationship between firm size and an employee’s level of job embeddedness. A quantitative survey design was used to gather evidence from full-time accounting professionals working in public accounting firms across the United States. With a sample size of 136 full-time employees, results suggest that there is a positive relationship between firm size and job embeddedness. Two different measures of firm size were analyzed in the study. First, the number of full-time employees in the office was regressed on job embeddedness. Results indicated that the relationship was positive and significant. Second, the number of offices was used to measure firm size. The mean difference was calculated for job embeddedness and each of its six dimensions for firms with only one office, and those means were compared to the means of firms with two or more offices. Results indicated a positive relationship between job embeddedness and firm size; however, only the difference of means for the community fit dimension of job embeddedness was significant.
Assimilation of misplaced boundary layer features

An essential part of the data assimilation problem is a good knowledge of forecast error statistics. For the boundary layer (BL) it can be difficult to estimate these error statistics as they are often dependent upon the atmospheric state, in particular, they are shown to depend upon the presence of a capping inversion, and the strength and position of this inversion. In traditional variational assimilation only small scale amplitude errors are accounted for, but it is shown that the inversion (when present) may also be associated with a significant positional error in the forecast which has non-Gaussian statistics. Without a description of the positional error statistics, the assimilation of observations can weaken the inversion strength; this is shown to give a poor analysis of the thermal and moisture structure of the BL and in turn a poor diagnosis of cloud. In this thesis a new assimilation scheme is proposed which explicitly includes the nonGaussian positional error of the inversion. This scheme, referred to as the ‘floating BL scheme’, is applied to the vertical variational assimilation of temperature and humidity. Within this context the floating BL scheme is tested with a series of idealised experiments and real data from radiosondes. It is shown that on average the floating BL scheme gives an analysis with an improved inversion height and is more capable of retaining the inversion structure. It is also shown that the floating BL scheme allows for a more realistic diagnosis of BL cloud, ensuring that the cloud remains capped by the inversion. It is speculated how this scheme may be generalised to 3D and 4DVar and its potential for use with other observations.
Axenic Long-Term Cultivation of Pneumocystis jirovecii

Pneumocystis jirovecii, a fungus causing severe Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans, has long been described as non-culturable. Only isolated short-term experiments with P. jirovecii and a small number of experiments involving animal-derived Pneumocystis species have been published to date. However, P. jirovecii culture conditions may differ significantly from those of animal-derived Pneumocystis, as there are major genotypic and phenotypic differences between them. Establishing a well-performing P. jirovecii cultivation is crucial to understanding PCP and its pathophysiological processes. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop an axenic culture for Pneumocystis jirovecii. To identify promising approaches for cultivation, a literature survey encompassing animal-derived Pneumocystis cultures was carried out. The variables identified, such as incubation time, pH value, vitamins, amino acids, and other components, were trialed and adjusted to find the optimum conditions for P. jirovecii culture. This allowed us to develop a medium that produced a 42.6-fold increase in P. jirovecii qPCR copy numbers after a 48-day culture. Growth was confirmed microscopically by the increasing number and size of actively growing Pneumocystis clusters in the final medium, DMEM-O3. P. jirovecii doubling time was 8.9 days (range 6.9 to 13.6 days). In conclusion, we successfully cultivated P. jirovecii under optimized cell-free conditions in a 70-day long-term culture for the first time. However, further optimization of the culture conditions for this slow grower is indispensable.