Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FEM modeling of energy dissipation in SMRs

The main objective of this work is to develop a reliable numerical model to describe dissipation in Suspended Microchannel Resonators, through determination of the Quality Factor, as a costless and quickly reproducible procedure to determine the effectiveness and performance of these innovative MEMS for bio-sensing. Through comparison of numerical results with theoretical and experimental results available in literature we aimed to contribute to the research and understanding of the physical phenomena occurring in these recently developed devices, putting under question some of the previous results and opening to new possibile interpretations and discussions.
Efficient Optical Amplification in the Nanosecond Regime from Formamidinium Lead Iodide Nanocrystals

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) were recently found to exhibit extraordinary optical amplification properties. The great majority of such studies implemented ultrashort photon pulses in the femtosecond regime to initiate the stimulated emission process. Yet the realization of practical lasing applications based on such materials is crucially dependent on their ability to sustain optical amplification at significantly longer time scales, at which major losses associated with spontaneous emission and nonradiative recombination occur. Herein we demonstrate highly efficient amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from close-packed films of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite (FAPbI3) NCs under excitation in the nanosecond regime. Systematic optimization of the NC processing and thermal treatment yields solids that exhibit high ASE net modal gain up to 604 cm–1 and weakly temperature sensitive ASE thresholds with room-temperature values as low as 140 μJ cm–2. The efficient optical amplification using e.
A Novel BiLevel Paradigm for Image-to-Image Translation

Image-to-image (I2I) translation is a pixel-level mapping that requires a large number of paired training data and often suffers from the problems of high diversity and strong category bias in image scenes. In order to tackle these problems, we propose a novel BiLevel (BiL) learning paradigm that alternates the learning of two models, respectively at an instance-specific (IS) and a general-purpose (GP) level. In each scene, the IS model learns to maintain the specific scene attributes. It is initialized by the GP model that learns from all the scenes to obtain the generalizable translation knowledge. This GP initialization gives the IS model an efficient starting point, thus enabling its fast adaptation to the new scene with scarce training data. We conduct extensive I2I translation experiments on human face and street view datasets. Quantitative results validate that our approach can significantly boost the performance of classical I2I translation models, such as PG2 and Pix2Pix. Our visualization results show both higher image quality and more appropriate instance-specific details, e.g., the translated image of a person looks more like that person in terms of identity.
The climatic significance of d13C in subalpine spruces (Lötschental, Swiss Alps)

Few stable carbon isotope studies exist from high mountain regions which consider both climatological and ecological influences. This study is the first presenting d13C tree ring records from the subalpine vegetation belt of the European Alps (Lötschental, Switzerland). Pooled late wood samples from several trees (Picea abies) per site were used for studies of spatial site comparisons with respect to altitude (upper timberline/valley floor), exposure (N/S) and soil moisture (dry/moist). This investigation aims to assess how much these site conditions influence the climatic signal of d13C. The d13C site records (1946–1995 AD, late wood cellulose) show a decreasing long-term trend reflecting the atmospheric d13C decrease during this period. We apply a new method for the correction of this anthropogenically induced 2 trend which considers changes in the atmospheric d13C source value and plant physiological reaction due to changes in the partial pressure of atmospheric 2 . The d13C relationship to all investigated months’ climatic parameters (temperature, precipitation, relative air humidity) was found to be very strong with highest correlations in July/August, the time of late wood development (maximum T PPT RH In contrast to tree ring width and density studies the observed temperature signal is not related to the altitude of the sample sites. The precipitation signal extracted from the carbon isotope time series increases with decreasing altitude and it remains strong at the upper timber line. This indicates the suitability of this isotope proxy for reconstruction of atmospheric humidity. Single extreme events (pointer years) provide stronger and more uniform reactions for dry–warm than for cool–humid summer conditions. Furthermore, the sites with moderately dry or moist soil conditions react more strongly and consistently than the extremely dry and moist sites at high elevation. Site exposure influences the absolute d13C values (S-exposure high versus N-exposure low), but does not necessarily obscure the climatic signal of the stable isotope records. tance for palaeoclimate research. The stable
High breakdown electric field in β-Ga2O3/graphene vertical barristor heterostructure

In this work, we study the high critical breakdown field in β-Ga2O3 perpendicular to its (100) crystal plane using a β-Ga2O3/graphene vertical heterostructure. Measurements indicate a record breakdown field of 5.2 MV/cm perpendicular to the (100) plane that is significantly larger than the previously reported values on lateral β-Ga2O3 field-effect-transistors (FETs). This result is compared with the critical field typically measured within the (100) crystal plane, and the observed anisotropy is explained through a combined theoretical and experimental analysis.
A design-sensitive approach to fitting regression models with complex survey data

: Fitting complex survey data to regression equations is explored under a design-sensitive model-based framework. A robust version of the standard model assumes that the expected value of the diﬀerence between the dependent variable and its model-based prediction is zero no matter what the values of the explanatory variables. The extended model assumes only that the diﬀerence is uncorrelated with the covariates. Little is assumed about the error structure of this diﬀerence under either model other than independence across primary sampling units. The standard model often fails in practice, but the extended model very rarely does. Under this framework some of the methods developed in the conventional design-based, pseudo-maximum-likelihood framework, such as ﬁtting weighted estimating equations and sandwich mean-squared-error estimation, are retained but their interpretations change. Few of the ideas here are new to the refereed literature. The goal instead is to collect those ideas and put them into a uniﬁed conceptual framework. regression models. We will explore an alternative model-based framework for estimating regression models introduced in Kott (2007) that is
InGaN/GaN Blue Light Emitting Diodes Using Freestanding GaN Extracted from a Si Substrate

We demonstrate the first InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) on freestanding GaN grown using a Si substrate. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the InGaN/GaN multi quantum wells (MQWs) on freestanding GaN grown using Si substrates have excellent structural properties suitable for high-performance optical devices. Photoluminescence measurements confirm the high crystal quality of the InGaN/GaN MQWs and remarkable emission wavelength uniformity with a standard deviation of 0.68%. Light–current–voltage characteristics indicate that the InGaN/GaN LEDs on freestanding GaN grown using a Si substrate exhibit a forward voltage of 3.75 V at a current of 20 mA and rectifying characteristics with very low leakage current and high breakdown voltage. Furthermore, they provide stable blue electroluminescence (λ = 460 nm) with a small variation in the emission wavelength of 0.2% over a 2 in. area. The internal quantum efficiency of InGaN/GaN LEDs on freestanding GaN gro.
ERNIE: Enhanced Representation through Knowledge Integration

We present a novel language representation model enhanced by knowledge called ERNIE (Enhanced Representation through kNowledge IntEgration). Inspired by the masking strategy of BERT, ERNIE is designed to learn language representation enhanced by knowledge masking strategies, which includes entity-level masking and phrase-level masking. Entity-level strategy masks entities which are usually composed of multiple words.Phrase-level strategy masks the whole phrase which is composed of several words standing together as a conceptual unit.Experimental results show that ERNIE outperforms other baseline methods, achieving new state-of-the-art results on five Chinese natural language processing tasks including natural language inference, semantic similarity, named entity recognition, sentiment analysis and question answering. We also demonstrate that ERNIE has more powerful knowledge inference capacity on a cloze test.
Patient-Reported Donor-Site Morbidity Following Anterolateral Thigh Free Flaps

This study evaluated donor-site morbidity (retrospective chart review and fol-lowup questionnaire) in patients following reconstruction using an anterolateral thigh free ﬂap. Twenty-one ﬂaps were performed in 20 consecutive patients (mean age: 45.0 (cid:1) 3.8 years). Primary wound closure was obtained in 52.4 percent. The perforators were intramuscular in 68 percent and septocutaneous in 32 percent. The early complications included infection (n ¼ 2), wound dehiscence (n ¼ 2), delayed healing (n ¼ 8), and seroma (n ¼ 1). Wound healing took 4.5 (cid:1) 0.7 weeks, and leg weakness resolved completely (n ¼ 13) by 6.6 (cid:1) 2.0 weeks. More chronic complications (n ¼ 19) included weakness (n ¼ 5), pain/tightness (n ¼ 6), contour deformity (n ¼ 14), muscle herniation (n ¼ 6), and unsatisfactory scar appearance (n ¼ 6). No statistically signiﬁcant differences existed in aesthetics or healing between wound-closure groups, nor in pain or weakness between perforator groups. Pain and weakness were signiﬁcantly related to sacriﬁce of the deep fascia from the thigh through its elevation in the ﬂap.
On the norm continuity of the hk-fourier transform

In this work we study the Cosine Transform operator and the Sine Transform operator in the setting of Henstock-Kurzweil integration theory. We show that these related transformation operators have a very different behavior in the context of Henstock-Kurzweil functions. In fact, while one of them is a bounded operator, the other one is not. This is a generalization of a result of E. Liflyand in the setting of Lebesgue integration.
A discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for quasi-geostrophic frontogenesis

In this thesis, a mixed continuous and discontinuous Galerkin finite element method is developed for the three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic equations, and is used to investigate the role that weather front formation plays in the transfer of energy to small scales that would produce a k. 5=3 energy spectrum as observed in the atmosphere. The quasi-geostrophic equations are used for computational efficiency and are found to be sufficient for producing simple fronts. Discontinuous Galerkin finite elements are used for the potential vorticity as continuous Galerkin methods perform poorly with advection dominated problems. The less dynamical vertical direction is discretised with finite difference to simplify the finite element method in the horizontal. Streamfunction boundary values are derived for free-slip boundary conditions in the three-dimensional model. The scheme is verified with numerical tests and is shown to converge at optimal rates until free-slip boundaries are introduced. Conservation of energy and enstrophy are shown numerically. Using the numerical method, a channel model simulation suggests that the bend up of fronts produced by a meandering zonal jet could be a viable mechanism for producing a k.5=3 regime.
Vertical Mattress Suture Technique: An Alternative Vascular Anastomosis

The objective of this study was to introduce the vertical mattress (VM) suture technique and compare its patency and postoperative healing with other commonly used suture techniques. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four suture techniques to be applied to both femoral arteries: continuous (C), interrupted (I), VM, and VM with ﬂap (VMF) sutures. The operating time and the degree of post-anastomotic leakage were recorded. The milking test was employed 5 and 15 minutes and 14 days after the operation to attain patency. Blood ﬂow velocity was determined using ultrasonography at 1 hour and on days 1 and 14 postoperation. Rats then were sacriﬁced, and anastomotic lining tissues were harvested for histopathologic examination. Anasto-moses by C and I were executed in 12.06 and 18.31 minutes. Modiﬁed suture techniques took longer to execute anastomosis (23.09 minutes for VM and 32.44 minutes for VMF). VM suture technique was superior to other suture techniques in terms of anastomotic leakage, quality of ﬁlling, and blood ﬂow velocity. Also, absence of the luminal closure or constriction, intimal injury and hyperplasia, foreign body inﬂammation, and inversion were noted in histopathology. In conclusion, the VM suture technique could be considered for microvascular surgery.
Adaptive output stationary average consensus for heterogeneous unknown linear multi-agent systems

This study deals with the output stationary average consensus problem for heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems with unknown parameters under undirected or balanced directed networks. The output stationary average consensus means that the outputs of agents reach an agreement on the average of their initial outputs. Each agent is modelled as an unknown linear system of any order (which might extensively vary between the agents) with the relative degree one or two. The agent in the network has only access to its own output and the relative outputs of its neighbours. Based on a direct model reference adaptive control scheme, a novel decentralised adaptive output consensus protocol is proposed to ensure that the output of each agent converges to the output of its reference model, as well as reaching output stationary average consensus. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to better highlight the merit of the proposed protocol.
Optimal control of electromagnetic wave displacement with an unknown velocity of propagation

ABSTACT The aim of this paper is to control an electromagnetic wave that penetrates in a medium with some missing information about its physical properties. The missing value of wave velocity of propagation leads us to use averaged control notion which is recently introduced by E. Zuazua, also the boundary Dirichlet condition is unknown which requires using the notion of no-regret control introduced by J. L. Lions. In this work, we combine these two techniques where we introduce the notion of averaged no-regret control to solve our optimal control problem with missing data. The averaged no-regret control will be characterised by an optimality system.
Recent Research Trends in Genetic Algorithm Based Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems

Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSSP) is an extension of the classical Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP). The FJSSP is known to be NP-hard problem with regard to optimization and it is very difficult to find reasonably accurate solutions of the problem instances in a rational time. Extensive research has been carried out in this area especially over the span of the last 20 years in which the hybrid approaches involving Genetic Algorithm (GA) have gained the most popularity. Keeping in view this aspect, this article presents a comprehensive literature review of the FJSSPs solved using the GA. The survey is further extended by the inclusion of the hybrid GA (hGA) techniques used in the solution of the problem. This review will give readers an insight into use of certain parameters in their future research along with future research directions.
An improved model for the tangential velocity distribution in strong free-surface vortices: an experimental and theoretical study

ABSTRACT A study of the tangential velocity field in a strong free-surface vortex is presented. Experiments were conducted on an open channel scroll type vortex chamber by investigating the tangential velocity for three approach flow conditions. The tangential velocity and circulation fields were ascertained at various sub-surface depths using particle tracking techniques. The results revealed that the experimental tangential velocity distribution is dependent on the initial circulation but is largely independent of the vertical axis. The theoretical tangential velocity profile was found to diverge from the experimental data in the near-field close to the core. It was concluded that the tangential velocity field in this region is strongly dependent on the axial flow conditions. Consequently, an alternative tangential velocity model was developed which models the near-field axial flow effects using the inverse circulation number and an empirical coefficient. Application of a nonlinear least squares multiple regression analysis identified values for the empirical coefficient to obtain a good solution.
Specific Volume of Female Subcutaneous Abdominal Tissue as a Reference in Autologous Breast Reconstruction

Use of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) ﬂap is gaining popularity as the method of choice for breast reconstruction and replacement of prosthetic breast implants. Ideally, the volume of the prosthesis is replaced by the same volume of autologous tissue to restore shape and symmetry. Still, intraoperative tissue volumetry is not practical under sterile circumstances. The ﬁrst step toward a clinical intraoperative measure for volume matching would be to acquire knowledge of the speciﬁc density of female subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue. The weight and volume of abdominoplasty specimens from 32 women were measured. From these data, the speciﬁc volume of DIEP ﬂap tissue was calculated. The mean speciﬁc density was 1.12 mL/g (range, 1.02 to 1.32 mL/g; standard deviation 0.04). An approximate volume-to-weight conversion multiplier of 1.1 may serve as an intraoperative tool to estimate the volume of a DIEP ﬂap from its weight.
Panel parametric, semiparametric, and nonparametric construction of counterfactuals

We consider panel parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric methods of constructing counterfactuals. We show through extensive simulations that no method is able to dominate other methods in all circumstances, since the true data‐generating process is typically unknown. We therefore also suggest a model‐averaging method as a robust method to generate counterfactuals. As an illustration of the sensitivity of counterfactual construction, we reexamine the impact of California's Tobacco Control Program on per capita cigarette consumption and election day registration (EDR) laws on voters' turnout by different methods.
On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification

Abstract This study addresses the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the intensification of simulated tropical cyclones. Additionally, it also examines the ‘wind-induced surface heat exchange’ (WISHE) theory in which CAPE is non-existent during intensification. We use a hierarchy of models with different complexity. A low-order tropical cyclone model forms the simplest model. It is found that the damping of CAPE by fast convective exchange as assumed in the WISHE theory inhibits substantial intensification in the model. This result can be explained by the dominance of the secondary circulation over surface heat transfer in the growth stage. It leads to entrainment of low entropy air into the eyewall resulting in the weakening of the cyclone. Other simulations reveal that the intensification rate increases with increasing initial CAPE and that the inner core CAPE is smaller than that of the ambient region. Investigations with the more complex Ooyama model yield qualitatively similar results. In this model, two types of convection are considered. The first one is based on frictional convergence in the boundary layer and the second one describes a convective adjustment including a precipitation efficiency. Only frictionally induced convection supports tropical cyclone intensification while the second one strongly acts to dampen the cyclone. Finally, the complex nonhydrostatic cloud model CM1 is used where the initial CAPE is varied. This model also exposes the existence of radially increasing CAPE during intensification. The experiments of this study indicate a positive relationship between the radial CAPE gradient and the intensification rate which disagrees with the basic assumption of WISHE models. The results emphasise the role of the secondary circulation for transporting high entropy air into the tropical cyclone inner core, and therefore should be considered in a proper intensification theory as has been done in the rotating convection paradigm by Montgomery and Smith.
Microsurgical Reconstruction: A More Conservative Method of Managing Large Scalp Defects?

Scalp reconstruction is a challenging problem requiring attention to the etiology, size, and condition of the defect to formulate an optimal reconstructive plan. Although many ‘‘conservative’’ options have been described even for large wounds, the use of local ﬂaps or split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) may actually result in the need for multiple procedures, prolonged wound care, increased patient discomfort, and an unsatisfactory aesthetic result. We reviewed 37 patients who had received a total of 38 free ﬂaps for scalp defects (cid:1) 100 cm 2 secondary to a broad range of etiologies. There were 24 males and 13 females, with a mean age of 47.4 years (range, 7 to 83 years). The mean scalp defect size was 356.2 cm 2 (range, 130 to 675 cm 2 ). More than half the patients had undergone prior local ﬂaps or STSG that had failed (n ¼ 20; 54.1%). Latissimus dorsi muscle or myocuta-neous ﬂaps were the most commonly used free ﬂaps in our series. Rectus abdominis muscle, scapular, radial forearm, and omental donor sites were also used. There were a total of 10 complications among 10 patients (27%). Two patients (5.4%) had major complications, and 8 patients (21.6%) had minor complications. Four of our complications (40%) were in patients who had received radiation therapy. We achieved deﬁnitive closure using free tissue transfer in 95% of patients who had previous attempts at closure using local options. These results demonstrate that free tissue transfer is a safe and highly efﬁcient reconstructive option to manage large scalp defects under a variety of conditions. In large complex scalp wounds, especially in those patients receiving radiation, microsurgical reconstruction should be the preferred method of management.