Clinical and sociodemographic characterization of ostomized patients treated at a referral center

Objective: to characterize the epidemiological socio-clinical profile of the population with ostomy treated at a referral center. Methods: cross-sectional study with 255 records of the Primary Care Service for the Ostomized Person submitted to a descriptive and statistical analysis (chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test). Results: 54.1% were men, 56.5% elderly, 50.2% white, 46.7% had a partner, 59.2% had elementary school and 34.5% retired. Patients with colostomy, 71.4%, being 33.7% temporary, 69.4% due to neoplasms and 17.3% presented dermatitis. Only a correlation between presence of complications and gender of patients was observed (p=0.037). Conclusion: the data indicate a predominance of elderly, male, white, with partner, retirees and with a low education level. People with temporary colostomy, due to neoplasia, with dermatitis as the main complication, prevailed, showing a correlation between sex and the presented complication. Descriptors: Ostomy; Health Profile; Nursing Care. RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil socioclínico epidemiológico da população com estomia atendida em um centro de referência. Métodos: estudo transversal com 255 prontuários do Serviço de Atenção Básica à Pessoa Ostomizada submetidos a uma análise descritiva e estatística (teste qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher). Resultados: 54,1% eram homens, 56,5% idosos, 50,2% brancos, 46,7% tinham companheiro, 59,2% com até o ensino fundamental e 34,5% aposentados. Pessoas com colostomia, 71,4%, sendo 33,7% temporárias, 69,4% por neoplasias e 17,3% apresentaram dermatite. Somente uma correlação entre presença de complicações e sexo dos pacientes foi observada (p=0,037). Conclusão: os dados indicam predominância de idosos, do sexo masculino, brancos, com companheiro, aposentados e de baixa escolaridade. Pessoas com colostomia temporárias por neoplasia, com dermatite como principal complicação prevaleceram, tendo uma correlação entre o sexo e a complicação apresentada. Descritores: Estomia; Perfil de Saúde; Cuidados de Enfermagem. 1Universidade Veiga de Almeida Campus Cabo Frio. Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil. 2Polo de Atendimento à Pessoa Estomizada de Cabo Frio. Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil. Corresponding author: Luciana da Costa Nogueira Cerqueira Rua Vitor Igrejas, 24, casa 20. Ville Blanche, Cabo Frio. CEP: 28915-210. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: luciana.nogueira7@hotmail.com Luciana da Costa Nogueira Cerqueira1 Sabrina Almeida Barreto Cacholi1 Viviane da Silva Nascimento1 Giselle Barcellos Oliveira Koeppe1 Viviane Cristina da Paz Torres2 Priscila Pradonoff Oliveira1 How to cite this article: Cerqueira LCN, Cacholi SAB, Nascimento VS, Koeppe GBO, Torres VCP, Oliveira PP. Clinical and sociodemographic characterization of ostomized patients treated at a referral center. Rev Rene. 2020;21:e42145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20202142145 Cerqueira LCN, Cacholi SAB, Nascimento VS, Koeppe GBO, Torres VCP, Oliveira PP Rev Rene. 2020;21:e42145. 2 Introduction Over the years, there has been a sociodemographic change that has impacted the health-disease process, such as urbanization, habits changes, globalization of knowledge and technological advances, which has led to an increase in life expectancy and, in parallel, contributed to a rise in the number of chronic noncommunicable diseases, causing an increase in the number of ostomized patients. According to the Ostomy Associations of America, an estimated 150.000 Americans have a stoma and 130.000 new surgeries are performed annually. In Brazil, each year one million and approximately 400,000 surgical procedures are aimed to perform an ostomy(1-3). Epidemiological data on people with ostomy in the country are still scarce. In this context, there are isolated local studies of characterization of this population(4). Ostomized patients are subject to different biopsychospiritual alterations, therefore, the nursing professional has a fundamental role in minimizing these impacts. As duties, the nursing professional should develop appropriate planning and care, including technical and psychological support, and health education planning that prepares the patient to live with the ostomy, stimulate autonomy and self-care in order to facilitate the patient’s adaptation to his/her new condition and to avoid complications(2). The lack of epidemiological data at national and state levels can directly interfere in the implementation of measures aimed at providing targeted and quality care to the ostomized patient. Therefore, the present study becomes relevant, because the characterization of patients assisted in a specialized service helps in understanding their health status, as well as subsidizes data for the implementation of health policies and the direction of nursing planning aimed at improving patients’ quality of care. It also provides updated and real data to health managers to address problems related to this population. For that reason, the study objective was to characterize the epidemiological socio-clinical profile of the population with ostomy treated at a referral center.