Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CARACTERÍSTICAS PÓS-COLHEITA EM FRUTOS DE PITAYA ORGÂNICA SUBMETIDA A DIFERENTES DOSES DE IRRADIAÇÃO.

Objetivou-se avaliar a influencia de diferentes doses de irradiacao nas caracteristicas pos-colheita de pitaya orgânica da especie Hylocereus undatus cultivadas no municipio de Itajobi - SP. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratorio de Frutas e Hortalicas do Departamento de Gestao e Tecnologia Agroindustrial – FCA/UNESP - Botucatu – SP no periodo de dezembro de 2008 a janeiro 2009. O processo de radiacao foi realizado no Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN) localizado em Sao Paulo. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados com seis tratamentos e tres repeticoes. Os frutos foram colhidos no terceiro dia apos o inicio da coloracao, selecionados, limpos, embalados em bandejas poliestireno expandido revestidas por filme de pvc, pre - resfriados (8 o C por 24 horas) e submetidos as diferentes doses de irradiacao gama (0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 e 1,0 KGy de cobalto-60) sendo posteriormente armazenados em câmara fria a temperatura de 8 o C, com umidade relativa de aproximadamente 85 ±5%. Os frutos foram avaliados aos vinte dias apos a irradiacao quanto ao pH, Solidos soluveis (SS), Acidez Titulavel (AT), Ratio (SS/AT) e porcentagem de Perda de Massa(peso). Os dados foram submetidos a analises de variância e as medias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Nao foram observadas diferencas estatisticas significativas (p 0,05).
Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the removal of heavy metal ions with natural low-cost adsorbents

Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of the removal of heavy metal ions (Ni, Pb, Zn) from aqueous solutions by natural adsorbents (zeolite, bentonite, clay) were investigated in a lab-scale batch study. The effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of heavy metal ions, temperature, and agitation time were studied to optimise the conditions. Under those optimized conditions (180 rpm agitation rate, 120 min agitation time, pH 4.0, 298 K, 100 mg/dm 3 initial adsorbate concentration), the removal percentages of heavy metal ions for natural adsorbents have been determined. The adsorption mechanisms and characteristic parameters of the process were analyzed by two and three parameter isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Redlich–Peterson, Toth and Sips), and kinetic models (Lagergren’s pseudo-first order, Ho and McKay’s pseudo-second or-der). Adsorption thermodynamics of heavy metal ions (changes of standard enthalpy, entropy and free energy) on zeolite, bentonite and clay were also studied at 298, 318 and 338 K.
Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials

Introduction. Step-Growth Polymerization. Free Radical Addition Polymerization. Ionic Polymerization. Copolymerization. Polymer Stereochemistry. Polymerization Reactions Initiated by Metal Catalysts and Transfer Reactions. Polymer Characterization-Chain Dimensions and Structures. The Crystalline State. The Amorphous State. Mechanical Properties. The Elastomeric State. Structure-Property Relations. Polymer Liquid Crystals. Polymers for the Electronics Industry. Index.
Kinetics of gravity settling of cassava starch in its aqueous suspension

Abstract Cassava starch owing to its low cost, easy extractability, high viscosity, bland taste, neutral flavour and easy degradation finds extensive use in food, feed and industrial sector. Settling is a prime unit operation in cassava processing where the extracted starch is separated from its aqueous suspension under gravity. Settling characteristics of cassava starch in different columns with varying concentrations were analysed and a mathematical model was derived for describing the hindered settling velocity of starch particle in suspension. Starch particles obeyed discrete or flocculent settling at low concentrations (⩽6%) and hindered or compression settling was more predominant at higher concentrations (⩾10%). Free falling velocity of cassava starch particle as calculated by Stoke's equation was found to be 1·69×10 −4 m s −1 and as the concentration of the suspension increased, the settling velocity decreased. The effect was reversed when the height of suspension was increased. The diameter of settling column did not have any influence on the settling velocity. A mathematical model for the hindered settling velocity was developed as a function of free falling velocity, fluid volumetric concentration and ratio of height of suspension to diameter of settling column.
Traffic-Related Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soils and Plants in Northwest China

Pollution caused by traffic activities is increasingly becoming a great threat to urban environmental quality and human health in many municipalities in Northwest China. The Sophora japonica L. , a native tree species occurring widely in many regions of Northwest China, was used as a case study to assess the potential effects of traffic pollution on heavy metal accumulation in leaves of S. japonica trees and associated soils. Fifty-four leaf samples and 41 relevant soil samples (0–10 cm) were collected systematically along main trunk roads and at parks distant from main trunk roads in the city of Lanzhou, Northwest China, respectively. Traffic pollution has resulted in significant accumulation of heavy metals in both the roadside leaves and soils, but the pattern and level of accumulation varied remarkably between elements. The nine elements examined can be classified into three groups relating to their responses to traffic pollution. The first group, including Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and Cr, showed greater accumulation in both roadside soils and leaves. The second group, including Co, Ni and As, indicated greater accumulation in the roadside leaves only. The third group included only Cu and demonstrated a greater accumulation in the roadside soils only. Overall, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu and Cr concentrations in the roadside soils were higher (8–72%) than those in the park soils, as well as much higher (32–300%) than the background values of the respective elements set for local soils (Lanzhou). Zn, Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Ni and Co concentrations in the roadside leaves were higher (27–111%) than those in the park leaves. The differences found among elements in the levels of accumulation suggest that the relative importance of the individual elements contributing to urban environmental deterioration will vary considerably.
Evaluation of usefulness of hydrated lime in process of stabilization of sludges from electrocoating

The effect of hydrated lime on the course of neutralization of sludges from electrocoating (GS) is determined. For our experiment two solidifying-binding mixtures (B) were prepared: B1 and B2. The mixture B1 was the combination of Portland cement, hydrated lime, mortar sand and fly ashes from hard coal burning used in various proportions. From the matrix of the second mixture, B2, hydrated lime was removed; instead a double dose of mortar sand was applied. In both mixtures, the content of Portland cement CEM I 32.5R did not exceed 40% of their entire mass. In the stabilizers obtained, galvanic sludges constituted 75 to 87.5% of their mass. The efficiency of the process of toxic pollutants immobilization was assessed after 28 days of sludge maturation. Monolithic structures of stabilized sludge were subjected to the tests of mechanical axial compression strength and to the tests of heavy metals leaching, according to the standard PN-EN 12457-4: 2006 [1].
Improvement in Al2O3 dielectric behavior by using ozone as an oxidant for the atomic layer deposition technique

We have prepared Al2O3 films by the atomic layer deposition technique using trimethylaluminum as the precursor for aluminum and O3, instead of commonly used H2O, as an oxidant. We show that even without any postdeposition annealing or any preventive layer between the Al2O3 film and Si substrate to suppress the formation of metallic clusters, the Al2O3 films prepared using O3 have significantly less amount of defect states like Al–Al and OH bonds compared with those prepared by H2O. The films show device quality leakage characteristics, with Al2O3 film prepared with O3 showing a leakage current density one or two orders lower and a smaller flatband voltage shift than that of Al2O3 film prepared with H2O, demonstrating improved interface characteristics. The former also shows a very low wet etch rate.
Factors Influencing Declining Voter Turnout - A Case Study in Neu-Ulm

This paper is a continuation of a contribution published [1] by the same authors analysing possible reasons for low voter turnout in the City of Neu-Ulm. This paper operated under the limitation that only summary voter participation data from past elections was available which could be matched with demographic data from the city constituencies. Data that could be used to derive individual motivation was not available. To remedy this limitation, a questionnaire was sent to 3,000 inhabitants of Neu-Ulm to relate their voter participation to several possible factors influencing the propensity to vote and to derive recommendations for the City Council how to improve on voter participation in future elections. This contribution presents some preliminary results from the study.
Experimental and analytical investigation of void fraction and heat transfer during evaporation in horizontal tubes

A new optical void fraction measurement system has been coupled to the existing LTCM flow boiling test facility to obtain dynamic and time-averaged void fractions, simultaneously with measurements of the local heat transfer coefficients. A series of evaporation tests have been run for R-22 and R-410A in 13.84 mm and 8.00 mm ID tubes. Using our newly developed image processing system for processing laser illuminated cross-sectional views of the flow, about 310 000 images have been analysed in this study to provide the same number of dynamic void fraction measurements. From these images, 238 and 87 time-averaged void fraction values have been obtained for the 13.60 mm and 8.00 mm diameter glass tubes, respectively. The same number of time-averaged dry angles has been obtained. The measured void fractions have been compared to the principal prediction models, showing good agreement to the Steiner version of Rouhani-Axelsson drift flux model. Based on analysis of the void fraction evolution as a function of time, several modifications of the Kattan et al. flow pattern map [30] (1998a) have been made to improve the heat transfer prediction model in stratified-wavy flow and to extend its application to vapor qualities below 0.15. Over 1250 new flow boiling heat transfer points have been acquired at mass velocities from 70 to 700 kg/m2s and heat fluxes from 2.0 to 57.5 kW/m2. Based on the 368 heat transfer points obtained in dryout and mist flow conditions, new boundaries for the transitions (from/to) annular/dryout and dryout/mist flow have been defined and integrated into the flow pattern map of Kattan et al. A new heat transfer model for dryout and mist flow conditions has also been proposed, extending the flow pattern oriented model of Kattan et al. to these flow regimes.
ANIONIC BALANCE OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND SULPHUR IN POTATO LEAVES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS IN SHIMLA HILLS

Studies conducted on acidic soils of Fagu (Shimla) revealed a synergistic effect of N on P and S concentrations in potato leaf at stolon formation and tuber initiation stage but antagonistic effect of higher levels of P and S on the bio-anions concentration. The triangular model showed that critical concentrations of N and P in leaves at threshold, economic and optimum level of fertilizers application of N, P and S decreased with time while that of S increased. Likewise, both P:S and N:S ratios in leaves were higher at stolon formation as compared to tuber initiation stage. The critical N:P:S ratio in leaves at stolon formation stage was 15.78:1.37:1.00 which narrowed to 12.87:0.65:1.00 at tuber initiation stage.
Effect of β-glucan particle size on the properties of fortified wheat rolls

The effects of β-glucan particle size and the ratios of β-glucan to flour on the physicochemical properties of wheat rolls were examined. A total of 100, 195 and 280 µm particles were analyzed with flour replacement from 0% to 20%. Wheat rolls made with the various particles and flour replacement levels were measured for rheology, yield and volume, texture, color, porosity, total dietary fiber (TDF) content and β-glucan content. All products had a smaller volume compared to the control, whereas the lightness was not significantly affected. Texture analysis indicated that the most favorable textural values were observed for the formulation involving the 195 μm β-glucan particles. Rolls with the same flour replacement level using the smaller particles had a higher share of TDF due to the greater surface of water evaporation. The main finding from the research was that the best results in most measured parameters were observed using 195 µm dietary fiber preparation. Thus, particle size reduction might be used to improve product properties but only to a certain extent because the load of micronized fiber weakens the structure, resulting in decreased product quality.
Antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava linn (guava) leaves extracts on bacterial pathogens

Psidium guajava Linn (Guava) commonly known for its food and nutritional values. The medicinal properties of leaves of Psidium guajava Linn are also well known in traditional system of medicine. Five grams of powder were used for crude solvent extraction in Chloroform, Ethanol, Petroleum Ether and Water. The solvents were evaporated to dryness and extracted compound was used for the antibacterial assay by disc diffusion method. The bacterial pathogens were used as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. The result was found that, the extracts of Guava leaves were inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhi to maximum extent than other pathogens. Finally, it was concluded that leaves extract of Psidium guajava Linn plant was shown effective and efficient result against bacterial pathogen used. Psidium guajava leaves could serve as good source of antibacterial agents.
Correlation studies on micronutrients vis-à-vis soil properties in some soils of nagaur district in semi-arid region of Rajasthan

Status of micronutrients and effect of soil properties on their status were studied in some soils of the semi-arid region of Rajasthan. Zinc, Cu, Fe, Mn and B showed positive correlations with silt plus clay and organic carbon, and negative correlations with pH and calcium carbonate content. Molybdenum showed negative correlation with silt plus clay and organic carbon, and positive correlation with pH and calcium carbonate content. Available Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, B and Mo contents ranged from 0.1 to 1.7, 0.5 to 3.9, 1.0 to 6.6, 2.7 to 7.2, 0.2 to 2.0 and 0.1 to 1.3 mg kg-' with the mean values of 0.73, 2.11, 4.32, 5.15, 0.68, and 0.48 mg kg -1 , respectively. Silt plus clay, electrical conductivity, pH, organic carbon and calcium carbonate in soils ranged from 7.9 to 21.8 %, 0.11 to 0.52 dSm -1 , 8.0 to 9.3, 0.08 to 0.31 and 0.1 to 1.2% with the mean value of 12.9%, 0.28 dSm-', 8.5, 0.2 and 0.5%, respectively. Available Zn, Fe and B were deficient in 46, 51.5 and 26.5% soil samples, respectively, while Cu, Mn and Mo were adequate in all the soil samples. Multiple regression analysis indicated that available Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, B and Mo were significantly influenced by soil properties together at the level of 70, 62, 50, 55, 76 and 95%, respectively.
Production of Nitrite from the Photodegradation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters

Significant concentrations of nitrite NO2- were produced from the photodegradation of humic substances (HS) isolated from a variety of natural waters in coastal North Carolina. Nitrite concentrations were 40−118% higher after light exposure relative to initial levels, while no statistical differences were observed in dark controls before and after irradiation. The amount of nitrite produced upon irradiation was positively correlated to the concentration of HS added (r = 0.97, p < 0.001) and to the length of irradiation. The average production rate, normalized to both humic substance concentration and time of light exposure, for all HS studied ranged from 9.7 to 17 [nM (W-h)-1 m-2 mg-1] × 105. This translates into an average yearly nitrite production of 2 × 106 mol yr-1 in the top one meter of Onslow Bay. When natural waters were irradiated, changes in nitrite were influenced by both initial nitrite and humic substance concentrations. The rate of nitrite photochemical formation in typical coastal waters (4.
Preparation and characterization of copper/silver bimetallic nanowires with core‐shell structure

Core‐shell copper/silver bimetallic nanowires were prepared by replacement reaction with citric acid and polyvinylpyrollidone at room temperature. A uniform silver coating was obtained by strictly controlling the molar ratio of Ag/Cu. The copper/silver composite was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Microscopic analysis shows that a well‐copper/silver core‐shell structure was formed. Thermo‐gravimetry and differential thermal analysis to the composite nanowires show that the silver coatings efficiently inhibit the oxidation of Cu. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal Fluorides as Probes for Enzyme Catalysed Phosphoryl Transfer

The work described in this thesis is based on the use of multinuclear NMR and protein crystallography as two powerful and symbiotic biological structural tools to study the catalytic mechanisms of five phosphoryl transfer enzymes: β-phosphoglucomutase, phosphoserine phosphatase, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, small G protein RhoA- RhoGAP, and UMP/CMP kinase. The central feature is the use of magnesium and aluminium fluorides as transition state analogues for phosphoryl group transfer. β-Phosphoglucomutase is first examined using stable βG1P phosphonate analogues of which (S)-βCHFG1P and βCH2G1P form MgF3– and AlF4– TSA complexes with βPGMwt. Next, mutant studies show D10N and D8E form AlF4– complexes while D8N does not. Only D10N forms a fluoroberyllate complex on the nucleophilic Asp 8, which can also be phosphorylated by acetyl phosphate. The general acid-base role of D13 in PSP is further established by showing the inactivity of PSPD13N, a mutant that forms MgF3– and AlF4– TSA complexes with water but not serine. Fundamental functional differences between PSP and βPGM are rationalised. cAPK forms MgF3– and AlF4– TSA complexes, disproving the ‘AlF30’ assignment in PDB: 1L3R. The binding constant of cAPK for its MgF3– TSA is only ~10 fold weaker than for the AlF4– TSA complex. This suggests that fluoride inhibition of a wide range of signalling proteins may be dominated by MgF3– rather than by the more widely studied AlF4– with significant physiological implications. 19F NMR data confirm the RhoA-GDP-MgF3–-OH2-RhoGAP TSA solid state structure, and identify an AlF4– TSA complex that obeys the Charge Balance Hypothesis. A GAP-free octahedral RhoA-GDP-AlF3(H2O)0 complex is formed that also conforms to the CBH. NMR and crystallography show RhoA-GDP-MgF3–-RhoGAPR85A and RhoA-GDP-AlF4–-RhoGAPR85A TSA complexes maintain negative charge on the metal fluoride moieties via Tyr 34 coodination. Finally, substrate analogue GTPγF is remarkably stable to hydrolytic acitivity by RhoA alone, or with RhoGAP with or minus its arginine finger. 19F NMR data disprove the earlier assignment of tbp ‘AlF30’ in UMP/CMP kinase structures crystallised at pH 8.5 and show MgF3– is the actual TSA at high pH. NMR/pH titration reveals a new intermediate aluminium TSA species, AlF3Z, not hitherto identified. NMR analysis endorses earlier solid state observations on a UMPK-ADP-BeF2 0-UDP TSA complex and demonstrates the catalytic promiscuity of UMPKdicty. AMPCP is a stable substitute for ADP in TSA complex formation while AMPCF2P or ADPβF fail unexpectedly. Similarly, UMP cannot be replaced by 5FdUMP. This thesis is a prime example of the symbiotic use of 19F NMR and protein crystallography to study enzyme mechanisms. 19F NMR can identify TSA complex formation in solution and hence can direct crystal trials. Crystal structures are more accurately assigned using NMR data while, in turn, they give further support to detailed interpretation of NMR signals.
HYBRID ORGANIC-INORGANIC PERVAPORATION MEMBRANES FOR DESALINATION

Membrane desalination using reverse osmosis (RO) has been the leading candidate technology for supplying fresh water in recent years. However, there is a strong motivation for improving the established membrane process and/or developing alternative membrane technologies to overcome the limitations of high energy cost and brine discharge problems of RO technology. In the later context, pervaporation is a potential membrane technology as it has the advantage that the energy need is essentially independent of the concentration of the salt feed water. The pervaporation process combines the evaporation of volatile components of a mixture with their permeation through a nonporous polymeric membrane under reduced pressure conditions. In desalination applications, pervaporation has the advantage of near 100% of salt rejection. The pervaporation of an aqueous salt solution can be regarded as separation of a pseudo-liquid mixture containing free water molecules and bulkier hydrated ions formed in solution upon dissociation of the salt in water. Previous studies have demonstrated the possibility of applying pervaporation to produce distilled water from aqueous salt solutions. However, the water flux reported in the literature so far is generally quite low (<6 kg/m2·hr). It is believed that one of the main limitations for desalination using pervaporation is the lack of the high performance membranes with both high permeate flux and good salt rejection.
Epitaxial growth of high quality WO3 thin films

We have grown epitaxial WO3 films on various single-crystal substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. While pronounced surface roughness is observed in films grown on LaSrAlO4 substrates, films grown on Y AlO3 substrates show atomically flat surfaces, as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The crystalline structure has been confirmed to be monoclinic by symmetric and skew-symmetric XRD. The dependence of the growth modes and the surface morphology on the lattice mismatch are discussed.
E-Modul Etnokontruktivisme: Implementasi Pada Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Ditinjau Dari Persepsi, Minat Dan Motivasi

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa bahan ajar dalam bentuk modul elektronik dengan menggunakan aplikasi software 3D Pageflip Professional untuk siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) yang mengadaptasi model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Berdasarkan hasil penilaian dalam penelitian ini pada angket Persepsi menperoleh frekuensi sebanyak 25 siswa dengan persentase 100% dalam kategori cukup. Untuk angket minat mendapatkan frekuensi sebanyak 20 siswa dengan persentase sebesar 80% dalam kategori baik. Sementara untuk angket motivasi diperoleh frekuensi sebanyak 25 siswa dengan persentase sebesar 100% dalam kategori baik. Dari data yang dihasilkan menunjukkan bahwa modul elektronik etnokontruktivisme berbasis software 3D Pageflip Professional yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan ajar dalam proses pembelajaran.