Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organic matter retention by macrophyte beds in 2 southeastern USA, low-gradient, headwater streams

We examined particulate organic matter (POM) storage and retention in aquatic macrophyte beds (Sparganium americanum Nutt.) from 2, first-order, blackwater tributaries of Tinker Creek, South Carolina, USA. Measurements were made during the autumn (high litter input) and summer (low litter input), in 100-m study reaches, 1 with low macrophyte density (T-1) and 1 with high macrophyte density (T-2). Three experiments assessed: 1) POM retention by individual plant beds, 2) short-term retention of leaf analogs in plant beds and by other retention structures, and 3) benthic and transported POM at the reach scale. Upon completion, all above ground macrophyte biomass was removed and the experiments were repeated. At the scale of 1 bed, low plant density effectively trapped and stored POM in summer and autumn. High-density beds stored POM in the summer but during autumn POM output exceeded input. At the reach scale, both tributaries effectively retained coarse POM in summer, but only high-density beds did so in autumn. Likewise, only high-density beds trapped and retained fine POM. Following plant removal, both coarse and fine POM were transported with minimal retention. When plants were present, beds played a major role in leaf analog retention and increased the retentive capabilities of other channel structures (debris dams, overhanging vegetation). When beds were removed, most analogs were retained by debris dams or settled to the substrate. Macrophyte beds play a major role in POM retention and short-term storage in low-gradient blackwater streams at several spatial scales and are linked to retention by other channel structures. The importance of macrophyte beds varies depending on bed density, total surface coverage, and timing of leaf fall.
Determinação da exigência nutricional de cálcio de codornas japonesas na fase inicial do ciclo de produção

An experiment was conducted to determine nutritional calcium requirement of 360 Japanese female quails averaging initial weight of 121.5 g during the initial production phase (from 56 to 171 days of age). A complete randomized design with a 6 x 4 factorial arrangement (six Ca levels: 1.6, 2.0, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2, and 3.6% and four experimental periods of 28 days each) was used. Each treatment consisted of six replicates and a cage with ten birds, that was the experimental unit. No significant effect of Ca levels ' periods interaction on any variable was detected. However, it was observed linear increase on egg production, egg weight and eggshell thickness and linear decrease on feed:egg mass ratio and Ca percentage in the tibia, and quadratic effect on egg mass, bird weight gain, egg specific weight, eggshell weight and ash percentage in the tibia. It was observed that egg production and mass obtained with the 3.2% Ca level was 3.3 and 3.8% greater, respectively, in absolute values, than the 3.6% Ca level. The estimated Ca requirement of Japanese laying quails during the initial production phase ranged from 3.0 to 3.6% in the diet, depending on the evaluated parameters. It is recommended the dietary Ca level of 3.2%, that corresponds to a daily intake of 882 mg Ca/bird or 87 mg Ca/g of egg, to obtain better production and feed efficiency (feed:egg mass and feed:egg dozen ratios) and to maintain egg quality.
Testing the Central/Peripheral Model: Analyses of Microsatellite Variability in the Eastern Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus collaris collaris)

Abstract Surprisingly few studies have empirically compared genetic variation between central and peripheral populations of vertebrates, even though such populations are considered very important to evolutionary theories of anagenetic and cladogenetic change. This study assesses levels of microsatellite variability within and between populations of eastern collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris collaris) sampled in three regions: the central part of its range and at the northeastern periphery in the southwestern and northeastern Ozarks. As expected, central populations possessed significantly higher within-population variability than peripheral populations, whereas the two peripheral subregions did not differ significantly from one another. Estimates of subdivision (Fst) differed significantly among all three regions in the following order: central < southwestern Ozark region < northeastern Ozark region. Estimates of subdivision between specially sampled populations separated by no more than 10 km indicated effective panmixia at the local level in the central region, historically high rates of localized dispersal in the southwestern Ozarks with recently imposed isolation and dominance of drift at all spatial scales in the northeastern Ozarks. These differences in regional population structure are consistent with regional differences in time of occupation by collared lizards, time and duration of forestation and latitudinal effects.
Some gross structural and quantitative aspects of the developmental anatomy of the human embryonic, fetal and circumnatal skeleton

Researches of the macroscopic human prenatal and circumnatal osseous skeleton are generally concerned with (1) the determination of the normal number and the time of appearance of the ossification centers and their variations, (2) the use of the skeleton as an index for the determination of age, and (3 ) the developmental anatomy of one or more individual bones. The few published studies interpreting, by direct observation, these phases of skeletal growth have been made on specimens prepared by d is~ec t ion . ~ I n none has the staining and clearing method been used in studying the “in situ” skeleton. Few have presented any general principles of the developmental anatomy of the prenatal and circumnatal human osseous skeleton. With this in mind, the present work was undertaken, to analyse this “in situ” development by direct observation, to correlate these observations with the literature of the subject,
Evaluating Pond Shoreline Treatments of Slurried Hydrated Lime for Reducing Marsh Rams-Horn Snail Populations

Abstract Trematode parasites can cause massive infections in commercially raised fish. The most promising approach for the control of these infections is the reduction or elimination of snails that serve as vectors for the trematodes. A recent approach, the application of high concentrations of slurried hydrated lime (SHL) or copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) along pond margins (shoreline treatment), has shown promise in reducing populations of the marsh rams-horn snail Planorbella trivolvis (the snail vector of Bolbophorus damnificus and Clinostomum marginatum) in experimental ponds. While CSP has been shown to effectively reduce snail numbers, treatment efficacy and application methods using SHL have not been well defined. Four SHL treatments were evaluated for their ability to kill marsh rams-horn snails in experimental units designed to mimic commercial aquaculture ponds. The treatments were applied at water temperatures of 75–79°F (24–26°C), total alkalinity of 137–257 mg CaCO3/L of water, and total .
Texture and structure of glucose-infused melon

The effect of glucose and calcium infusion on texture characteristics and ultrastructure of melon was studied using an Instron Universal Testing Machine and optical and transmission electron microscopy. Resistance to puncture was significantly greater when treatment was performed under vacuum or when Ca 2+ was present during atmospheric and vacuum glucose infusion. Atmospheric treatment produced a smaller resistance to puncture than the one shown by raw fruit. Processing reduced residual relaxation force and relaxation time, showing, the high internal fracture suffered by the fruit during treatment. There was a good correlation between textural changes detected through instrumental measurement and structural alterations of flesh tissues. Vacuum-treated samples showed cell walls with good optical density and a middle lamella still visible. Atmospheric impregnation caused very much reduced staining and disruption of cell walls as well as rupture of membranes. Addition of Ca 2+ during both infusion procedures resulted in more electron-dense cell walls as compared with those impregnated without Ca 2 + .
Biocidal activities of Solvent Extracts of Azadirachta indica against Some Endemic Tropical Vector-borne Diseases.

The biocidal efficacy of Chloroform (CEX), n-Hexane (HEX), Acetone (AEX) and Ethanol (EEX) extracts, of the bark and root of Azadirachta indica (Neem), were investigated Short Communication International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 4(11): 1198-1208, 2014 1199 against Anopheles gambiae and Bulinus globosus in a two-phased rapid and final screening test. Results of the phytochemical screening, indicated phytochemical constituents like; Flavonoids, Tannins, phenols, saponin, phytates, glycosides and triterpenes. All extracts were active (≥500ppm), during the rapid screening phase; hence final screening phase was also carried out. Results of the final screening shows that, the snail (B. globosus), were more susceptible to all solvent extracts compared to the mosquito larvae (An. gambiae). The ethanol extract of the bark against the snail (EEXbS) induced the highest mortality with LC50 value of 0.35ppm compared to the least, chloroform extract of the root against the larvae (CEXrL, LC50=46.0 ppm). The positive control induced mortality to both snails and larvae at 1ppm, while there was no mortality induced by the negative control. The results confirm solvent extracts of neem bark and root as potential biocidal agent against disease vectors.
Six-Minute Walk Test in Healthy Nepalese Young Adults Aged 18 to 25 Years: A Cross- Sectional Study

Introduction: The six-minute walk test is a simple test used to assess the exercise capacity. Variability is noted in the six-minute walk distance in different populations. Obesity also affects the six-minute walk test results. The aims of the study were to examine the relationship between body mass index and post exercise oxygen saturation and to establish a reference equation for the six-minute walk distance in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 106 subjects of age 18-25 years. The participant walked as fast as possible on a flat surface for six minutes. After a six-minute walk test, oxygen saturation and the distance walked were recorded. Results: Body mass index was negatively correlated with oxygen saturation (r=-0.587,p<0.001). Mean six-minute walk distance for males was 584.43±23.71 m and for females 469.85±30.38 m (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed sex and height as independent predictors of six-minute walk distance. The contributions of sex and height were statistically significant and explained 87.3% variance in the six-minute walk distance. Conclusion: Although the correlation between body mass index and oxygen saturation was statistically significant, the oxygen saturation values were still within normal range. Sex and height were the most significant predictors of the six-minute walk distance.
A novel test system for detection of tick repellents

A bioassay was developed to examine the response of ticks towards potential repellents that may protect vertebrates against tick bites. Such tick repellents must be effective despite the unavoidable presence of various attractive host‐derived stimuli. Therefore, a moving‐object‐bioassay (MO‐bioassay) was developed that mimicks body warmth and movement of vertebrates by a rotating and heated drum. Compounds which were tested for their effects on ticks were applied onto a small elevated area of the drum. Ticks were allowed to approach the drum by walking on a glass rod which ended ≈1 mm away from the local elevation. Ticks could cling to this elevation that intermittently passed by, whereas the remaining drum surface was too far away from the tip of the rod to be contacted by the ticks.
Assessment processes for slow learners in mathematics learning

This study aims to find out how teacher’s to service the students, the role of the teacher in facilitating slow learners in mathematics learning, and other constraints that the slow learners faced. This research was a case study in a junior high school in Bandung. Participants in this study were five students in 8th grade. This research was carried out through observation the learning activities, interviewing the slow learner students, and interviewing mathematics teachers. The one of the result in this study was showed that children who are classified as slow learners were not well facilitated to achieving mathematics learning goals. Slow learners need a longer study time than their peers, so they need special education services. One of alternative solution that can be done by teachers is that teachers should pay special attention such as teacher gives opportunity to slow learners get more time to study the subjects material and do the clinical teaching. The importance of teachers conducting clinical teaching are giving the direction to the slow learner students in the learning process, and helping the students to overcome the difficulties faced by slow learner students.
How does corporate performance affect supply chain finance? Evidence from logistics sector

Article history: Received November 29, 2019 Received in revised format February 20, 2020 Accepted February 22 2020 Available online February 22 2020 The paper investigates the impact of corporate performance on supply chain finance with the data collected from logistics sector in Vietnam. Particularly, supply chain finance is measured by cash conversion cycle (CCC). By using the generalized method of moment (GMM), the results show that corporate performance (CP) exerts a negative impact on cash conversion cycle (CCC). Alternatively, corporate performance positively affects supply chain finance, which is an interesting finding of this paper. Further, supply chain finance is also significantly influenced by some control variables, namely capital structure (CS), firm size (FS) and firm growth (FG). The results are essential for the management of supply chain, especially those working in logistics sector. 2020 by the authors; license Growing Science, Canada ©
Throughfall and stemflow chemistry under deciduous and coniferous forest canopies in south-central Ontario

By measuring incident precipitation, throughfall, and stemflow chemistry, the roles of coniferous- and deciduous-dominated forest canopies as a source of and sink for ions in precipitation were examined. A regression technique for distinguishing between external (dry deposition) and internal (canopy leaching) sources of ions in the throughfall flux was evaluated. The effect of seasonal changes in the forest canopy on throughfall and stemflow chemistry was also examined. Throughfall comprised 74 and 84%, respectively, of the hydrologic flux at the coniferous and deciduous sites. Sulphate fluxes were highest at the coniferous site during both growing and dormant seasons, suggesting either a higher scavenging efficiency of the needles for atmospheric SO42−, or higher SO42− leaching from the foliage. The deciduous site neutralized acidic inputs, as demonstrated by its net negative H+ flux year round. The buffering capacity of the coniferous forest was exceeded by the higher amount of acid interception by the .
Impact of CORONA Virus on Indian Education Systems

Coronavirus (COVID-19) spread all over the world. Global economy is badly affected due to the attack of the virus. Most of the countries applied lockdown to control the virus. Education field is also suffering in this situation. Colleges, Student, staff are facing various problems of the traditional education system in India. Online education system platform is the better solution in this situation
Micronutrient deficiency changes activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco plants

Abstract The effects of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) deficiencies on the activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx) were investigated in seedlings of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthin. After germinating in sand for 7 days, plants were transplanted to solution culture with all nutrients or without Cu, Zn, or Mn. Plants grown without Mn developed visual deficiency symptoms 15 days after transplanting (DAT), and those grown without Zn showed Zn deficiency symptoms 26 DAT. In contrast, plants grown without Cu showed only minor symptoms of Cu deficiency at 33 DAT. When harvested 41 DAT, ‐Mn plants suffered the largest, and ‐Cu the smallest reduction in shoot dry weight compared to plants supplied with all nutrients. Nutrient analysis in leaf tissue showed a considerable decrease in concentration of nutrients not supplied to plants. Total SOD, MnSOD+FeSOD, Cu/Zn SOD, and APx activities declined drastically in ‐Mn and ‐Zn plants, while total SOD, MnSOD+FeSOD and APx activit.
Substrates and Container Size on Quality of Peltophorum dubium Seedlings

This study aims to evaluate the effect of substrates and container content on growth and quality of Peltophorum dubium seedlings. The design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement (2 × 9), with two containers sizes (125 cm3 and 280 cm3) and nine substrates formulated from the mixture of subsoil (S), vermicompost (V) and commercial substrate (CS), in the following proportions (v:v): S100, V100, CS100, S75 + V25, S50 + V50, S25 + V75, CS75 + V25, CS50 + V50 and CS25 + V75, with nine replicates. We assessed seedling height, stem diameter, root and shoot dry matter, height/shoot dry matter ratio; Dickson quality index; and percentages of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in the shoot. The use of the 125 cm3 dibble tube containing 100% vermicompost allowed for higher quality of Peltophorum dubium seedlings.
Bactericidal synergism through bacteriocins and high pressure in a meat model system during storage

High hydrostatic pressure represents an attractive non-thermal process for meat products to avoid post-processing contamination. When combined with antimicrobials, like bacteriocins, the death rate may be increased because of sub-lethal injuries to living cells. The behaviour of several foodborne bacteria inoculated in a meat model system with added bacteriocins (enterocins A and B, sakacin K, pediocin AcH or nisin) after pressurization (400 MPa, 10 min, 17°C) and during chilled storage was investigated. Although Staphylococcus was the genus least sensitive to pressurization, the samples including nisin displayed lower and significantly different counts during the 4°C storage than the rest of the treatments. A greater inactivation of Escherichia coli (>6 log10) in the presence of nisin was recorded, the number of survivors remained unchanged during storage at 4°C for 61 days. Nisin was also the bacteriocin capable of maintaining slime-producing lactic acid bacteria below the detection limit (<102 cfu g−1 ). Listeria monocytogenes in treatments with sakacin, enterocins or pediocin was kept <102 cfu g−1 till the end of storage (61 days). Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser London and Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica ser Schwarzengrund counts in every treatment were kept at the level obtained after pressurization, with no significant differences between treatments during the chilled storage.
Patch Assessment in Fox Squirrels: The Role of Resource Density, Patch Size, and Patch Boundaries

The finer the scale at which a forager can detect patchiness, the greater is its opportunity to allocate time efficiently in response to spatial heterogeneity in resource abundance. There are three advantages of assessing and responding to patchiness at smaller scales. First, an environment may be rendered profitable only when the forager can separate areas of low and high resource abundance. Second, by placing accurate boundaries on profitable food patches, foragers can eliminate the "cost" of over- and underestimating patch size. Third, by biasing search efforts toward rich food patches, the forager can harvest more resources in the same amount of time. We investigate the ability of fox squirrels, Sciurus niger, to detect patchiness at small spatial scales, using experimental food patches subdivided into micropatches. We manipulated micropatch size, food density, and the occurrence of distinct versus vague boundaries. In accord with the theory, increasing the proportion of vague boundaries increased assessment error, while increasing resource density decreased assessment error. Halving patch size combined with doubling resource density had no effect on assessment error. These results indicate that assessing patch size/boundaries is as important as assessing resource density at some scales of patchiness. Other foraging costs, such as predation risk and metabolic costs, may contribute to assessment errors.
Examining Government Dialogic Orientation in Social Media Strategies, Outcomes, and Perceived Effectiveness:A Mixed-Methods Approach

ABSTRACT Despite the growing list of literature on governmental social media use, little is known about how different social media message strategies facilitate different types of engagement outcomes (i.e., likes, shares, or comments) and the factors that influence perceived effectiveness of social media use. Drawing on the dialogic communication framework, this study captures these aspects and analyzes data from a public organization in Taiwan, including the content and linguistic analyses of this organization’s Facebook messages over a year, along with interviews and survey with the organization. The data show that the messages aiming to mobilize publics offline and communicated through conversation-style, informal language, and affective and motion words, exemplify dialogic orientation. These messages are positively associated with public engagement on Facebook in terms of the number of likes, comments, and shares. Further, analysis of the interviews and the survey shows that the organization and the targeted publics have mutual and interdependent relationships developed through varied uses of Facebook. Such relationships also influence the perceived effectiveness of the organization’s message strategies intended to foster dialogic communication. Nonetheless, the lack of communication among units within the organization, as well as its bureaucratic culture, result in negative effects for certain message strategies.