Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eye-Tracking Studies of Web Search Engines: A Systematic Literature Review

This paper analyzes peer-reviewed empirical eye-tracking studies of behavior in web search engines. A framework is created to examine the effectiveness of eye-tracking by drawing on the results of, and discussions concerning previous experiments. Based on a review of 56 papers on eye-tracking for search engines from 2004 to 2019, a 12-element matrix for coding procedure is proposed. Content analysis shows that this matrix contains 12 common parts: search engine; apparatus; participants; interface; results; measures; scenario; tasks; language; presentation, research questions; and findings. The literature review covers results, the contexts of web searches, a description of participants in eye-tracking studies, and the types of studies performed on the search engines. The paper examines the state of current research on the topic and points out gaps in the existing literature. The review indicates that behavior on search engines has changed over the years. Search engines’ interfaces have been improved by adding many new functions and users have moved from desktop searches to mobile searches. The findings of this review provide avenues for further studies as well as for the design of search engines.
Cryo‐electron microscopy structure of CLHM1 ion channel from Caenorhabditis elegans

Calcium homeostasis modulators (CALHMs/CLHMs) comprise a family of pore‐forming protein complexes assembling into voltage‐gated, Ca2+‐sensitive, nonselective channels. These complexes contain an ion‐conduction pore sufficiently wide to permit the passing of ATP molecules serving as neurotransmitters. While their function and structure information is accumulating, the precise mechanisms of these channel complexes remain to be full understood. Here, we present the structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans CLHM1 channel in its open state solved through single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy at 3.7‐Å resolution. The transmembrane region of the channel structure of the dominant class shows an assembly of 10‐fold rotational symmetry in one layer, and its cytoplasmic region is involved in additional twofold symmetrical packing in a tail‐to‐tail manner. Furthermore, we identified a series of amino acid residues critical for the regulation of CeCLHM1 channel using functional assays, electrophysiological analyses as well as structural‐based analysis. Our structure and function analyses provide new insights into the mechanisms of CALHM channels.
Using selective food plants to maximize biological control of vineyard pests

Summary 1. Habitat manipulation is important for enhancing biological control of arthropod pests, but identification of selective food plants that benefit only natural enemies is required in order to avoid inadvertently exacerbating pest damage. 2. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to identify potential ground-cover plant species that would improve performance of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma carverae when mass released in vineyards to control the leafroller pest Epiphyas postvittana. Further experiments determined which plants increased immature survival and adult longevity of E. postvittana and a field experiment investigated field enhancement of biological control. 3. Greenhouse survival of T. carverae was greater in the presence of flowering shoots of Lobularia maritima than with flowering shoots of either Brassica juncea or Coriandrum sativum, or with shoots of any species from which flowers had been removed or a control with no shoots. Similar experiments with Fagopyrum esculentum and Borage officinalis showed survival was higher in the presence of shoots with flowers than in without-flower and control treatments. 4. Daily fecundity of T. carverae was greater in the presence of flowering shoots of L. maritima than F. esculentum and with treatments without flowers. There was no significant enhancement of fecundity with Brassica juncea and Borage officinalis flowers. 5. Adult longevity of male and female E. postvittana was as long in the presence of Borage officinalis and F. esculentum flowers as when fed a honey-based artificial diet but longevity was significantly lower than in the artificial diet treatment when caged with C. sativum and L. maritima, irrespective of whether flowers were present or not. 6. Larval development of E. postvittana on intact potted plants was lower on C. sativum and L. maritima than on Brassica juncea, Borage officinalis, F. esculentum and Trifolium repens (a known host of E. postvittana). 7. In the first and second 48-h periods after release of T. carverae in a field experiment, parasitism was significantly higher in pooled treatments with flowers (C. sativum, F. esculentum and L. maritima) than in pooled treatments without flowers (conventional ground-cover or bare earth). 8. Lobularia maritima provided clear benefit to T. carverae but was not used by adult and larval E. postvittana. 9. Synthesis and applications. Lobularia maritima is recommended as the selective food plant best suited to this system and its use beneath vines offers the additional advantage of suppressing weeds, so avoiding the need for herbicide applications and mechanical control.
ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels Regulate the Release of GABA in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus During Hypoglycemia

Objective: To determine whether alterations in counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia through the modulation of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is mediated by changes in GABAergic inhibitory tone in the VMH, we examined whether opening and closing KATP channels in the VMH alters local GABA levels and if the effects of modulating KATP channel activity within the VMH can be reversed by local modulation of GABA receptors. Research Design and Methods: Rats were cannulated and bilateral guide cannulas were inserted to the level of the VMH. Eight days later, the rats received a VMH microinjection of either 1) vehicle, 2) the KATP channel opener, diazoxide (DZ), 3) the KATP channel closer, glybenclamide (GLYB), 4) DZ + the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol (MUS) or 5) GLYB + the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BIC) prior to performance of a hypoglycemic clamp. Throughout, VMH GABA levels were measured using microdialysis. Results: As expected, DZ suppressed glucose infusion rates and increased glucagon and epinephrine responses, whereas GLYB raised glucose infusion rates in conjunction with reduced glucagon and epinephrine responses. These effects of KATP modulators were reversed by GABAA receptor agonism and antagonism, respectively. Microdialysis revealed VMH GABA levels decreased 22% with the onset of hypoglycemia in controls. DZ caused a 2-fold greater decrease in GABA levels and GLYB increased VMH GABA levels by 57%. Conclusion: Our data suggests that KATP channels within the VMH may modulate the magnitude of counterregulatory responses by altering release of GABA within that region.
Does asylum seeker immigration increase support for the far right? Evidence from the United Kingdom, 2000–2015

ABSTRACT What effect does the influx of asylum seekers have on the electoral support of the far right? This paper answers this question by examining changes in support for far right parties in response to the British government's relocation of asylum seekers across the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2015. Relying primarily on a difference-in-differences (DD) empirical strategy, our main finding is that an increase in the number of asylum seekers dispersed to a local authority is associated with an increase in the vote share of parties of the far right. Further tests indicate that the effect is due both to the far right contesting more seats in those localities receiving asylum seekers and to higher levels of support it receives in those areas where it is present. We find the effect is non-linear, that it is mitigated by higher recipient area ethnic diversity, and that it is limited to the most extreme right-wing parties.
Statistical analysis of two-dimensional variation in variety yield trials

SUMMARY Methods of adjustment for two-dimensional spatial heterogeneity of grain yield were investigated for 224 UK cereal trials. The methods used row and column ‘block’ analysis of plot yields and neighbour analysis based on first differences of plot yields. In 36% of trial analyses for block models and 30% for neighbour models the average variance of variety differences was reduced by more than 10% compared with the better of the one-dimensional row or column models. Compared with complete blocks, 2-D block analysis had a mean efficiency of 153% whereas the conventional 1-D block analysis (by rows) had a mean efficiency of 127%. Similarly, 2-D neighbour analysis had a mean efficiency of 159% whereas the 1-D analysis had a mean efficiency of 137%. Recently, general statistical methods have been developed for two-dimensional design and analysis; their wider use should lead to major gains in the precision of variety trials.
Potential Biomarkers of Peripheral and Central Fatigue in High-Intensity Trained Athletes at High-Temperature: A Pilot Study with Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon)

Among potent dietary supplements, Momordica charantia, commonly called bitter melon, has various biological effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and improves energy metabolism and fatigue recovery. However, it is unknown whether Momordica charantia extract (MCE) induces antifatigue effects during exercise training in high-temperature environments. This study aimed at investigating the efficacy of MCE by examining 10 male tennis players consuming 100 mL MCE/dose (6 times a day over 4 weeks) during the summer training season. Peripheral (ammonia and uric acid) and central (serotonin, dopamine, and prolactin) fatigue parameters were measured before and after MCE consumption; before, during, and after exercise; and the next morning. After consuming MCE supplements, ammonia levels were higher during and after exercise and recovered the next morning, whereas uric acid levels did not change at any time point. Serotonin levels were lower during exercise. Dopamine levels were higher, especially during exercise. Prolactin levels were lower at all time points, especially during and after exercise. Although high-intensity training in a hot environment causes accumulation of fatigue-related metabolites, our results indicate that 4 weeks of MCE intake positively influenced fatigue parameters, suggesting that MCE can efficiently combat fatigue.
High Mean Platelet Volume Associates with In-Hospital Mortality in Severe Pneumonia Patients

Background Although mean platelet volume (MPV) appears to be associated with poor outcome of pneumonia, the relationship between MPV and in-hospital mortality is unclear in severe pneumonia (SP) patients. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 115 SP patients from June 1st, 2016, to September 29th, 2019, were included and divided into two groups. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to assess the predictive ability for in-hospital mortality. Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence curves were applied to observe the incidence of mortality. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs). Besides, a formal test for interaction was investigated to analyze the relationship between MPV and sex. Results During the course of hospitalization, 63 cases of mortality were recorded. ROC analysis suggested that MPV had a modest power for predicting in-hospital mortality (AUC = 0.723, 95% CI: 0.628-0.818, P < 0.001). Yet the cutoff value of MPV was 10.5 (sensitivity = 73.02%; specificity = 73.08%). Compared to the low-MPV group, the high-MPV group had significantly increased in-hospital mortality (log-rank test = 13.501, P < 0.001), while the adjusted Cox model indicated that the high-MPV group was associated with an elevated risk of in-hospital mortality (HR: 2.267, 95% CI: 1.166-4.406, P = 0.016). Moreover, analyses of in-hospital mortality suggested a significant interaction between optimal MPV level and sex (P = 0.011). In a multivariate Cox model which included females only, a high MPV level was associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality (HR: 11.387, 95% CI: 1.767-73.380, P = 0.011). Conclusion High MPV level is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with SP.
Numerical investigation on reinforcement requirement for piles embedded in clay

In this study the necessity of reinforcement in concrete pile (bored or driven) is assessed. The soil was assumed to be unsaturated and homogeneous clayey soil. Throughout the study, a finite element computer program was developed and the pile was modeled as a beam-on-elastic foundation. The soil is represented by discrete spring. The stiffness of each spring is considered to be linearly variable with depth. The moment loading, lateral loading, pile length, pile diameter, in addition to the angle of internal friction; soil density and soil cohesion were taken as parameter to study their effect on the extent of reinforcement along the pile shaft. It is concluded that for piles embedded in clay, a length of reinforcement not less than one-half the pile length is needed.
SHLD2 promotes class switch recombination by preventing inactivating deletions within the Igh locus

The newly identified shieldin complex, composed of SHLD1, SHLD2, SHLD3, and REV7, lies downstream of 53BP1 and acts to inhibit DNA resection and promote NHEJ. Here, we show that Shld2−/− mice have defective class switch recombination (CSR) and that loss of SHLD2 can suppress the embryonic lethality of a Brca1Δ11 mutation, highlighting its role as a key effector of 53BP1. Lymphocyte development and RAG1/2‐mediated recombination were unaffected by SHLD2 deficiency. Interestingly, a significant fraction of Shld2−/− primary B‐cells and 53BP1‐ and shieldin‐deficient CH12F3‐2 B‐cells permanently lose expression of immunoglobulin upon induction of CSR; this population of Ig‐negative cells is also seen in other NHEJ‐deficient cells and to a much lesser extent in WT cells. This loss of Ig is due to recombination coupled with overactive resection and loss of coding exons in the downstream acceptor constant region. Collectively, these data show that SHLD2 is the key effector of 53BP1 and critical for CSR in vivo by suppressing large deletions within the Igh locus.
Variation in soil organic carbon as influenced by climate under different cropping systems in India

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content of fifty-three locations spread across various agro-climatic zones of India was analyzed for its relationship with climatic parameters. A highly significant and positive relationship (r=0.60) was found between SOC and rainfall and combined effect of rainfall and temperature controlled its accumulation. In low rainfall zones, SOC content decreased with increasing temperatures, but in high rainfall zones, the reverse was true. A significant negative relationship of SOC content with soil pH was also observed (r=−0.47). Analyses of grouped data revealed that rice-fallow system had the highest mean SOC content (8.7 g kg−1 soil) followed by rice-rice, maize-wheat, rice-pulse, soybean based, rice-wheat and pearl millet based systems. In all the cropping systems, rainfall exerted highly significant effect on SOC. In rice-rice and pearl millet based systems, relative humidity only developed positive relationship with SOC whereas, sunshine hours exhibited negative relation. In rice-fallow system, sunshine hours exhibited negative relation but other meteorological parameters exhibited positive relationships. In soybean-based systems, relative humidity and sunshine developed highly significant relationship (r= 0.97 and 0.96, respectively) with SOC content but in maize-wheat system it was sunshine hours (r=0.98).
Social Aspects of Gender Differences in Learners’ Motivation to Learn English in a Pakistani Social Context of South Punjab

1. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & IT, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan 2. Lecturer Government College Kabirwala, District Khanewal, Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan 3. Ex-Dean Faculty of Arts, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan PAPER INFO ABSTRACT Received: April 18, 2020 Accepted: June 15, 2020 Online: June 30, 2020 This paper endeavors to probe into the motivational patterns associated with gender in a particular Pakistani social context. For this purpose a self-report questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire included different measures adapted from Gardner (1985), Dornyei (1990, 2001), Clement (1994) and Ghani (2002). Data were collected from three different campuses of the Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Besides questionnaire, participants were also given FCE (First certificate in English) test regarding reading comprehension and use of English along with a cloze test to judge their proficiency in English language. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) for windows and results manifested that there existed notable gender-based differences in learners’ motivation to learn English and their English language proficiency
Malignant tumours of the uterus and ovaries with Mullerian and germ cell or trophoblastic components have a somatic origin and are characterised by genomic instability 

Tumours of the female genital tract with a combination of malignant Mullerian and germ cell or trophoblastic tumour (MMGC/T) components are usually diagnosed in postmenopausal women, and pursue an aggressive clinical course characterised by poor response to therapy and early relapses. These clinical features suggest that MMGC/T are somatic in origin, but objective molecular data to support this interpretation are lacking. This study evaluates the molecular features of nine MMGC/T, including seven tumours containing yolk sac tumour (YST), one tumour containing choriocarcinoma and one tumour containing epithelioid trophoblastic tumour. The objectives were to: (i) investigate whether MMGC/T show a distinct genetic profile and (ii) explore the relationship between the different histological components.
Compliance with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused by upper airway obstruction during sleep and increases risk for stroke and cardiovascular morbidity. It is also related to excessive daytime sleepiness and cognitive dysfunction in affected adults. Additionally, OSA also affects children, manifesting as growth retardation and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the treatment of choice for moderate to severe disease in adults and in some of the pediatric population. CPAP therapy reduces daytime sleepiness, improves quality of life, and reduces risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in individuals with OSA. Although CPAP therapy is effective in these patients, it has significant limitations regarding compliance. Accordingly, the purpose of this review was to investigate factors impacting compliance with treatment including socioeconomic/demographic characteristics, nasal obstruction, previous upper airway surgery, severity of OSA, psychological factors, support/intervention of CPAP, and device-related factors. Additionally, factors associated with CPAP compliance in children are also discussed. Sleep Med Res 2020;11(1):7-14
Nutritional potential of some selected weed species in north central Nigeria Using in vitro gas production technique

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the proximate and mineral composition, in vitro digestibility and antinutritional contents of seven tropical weed species: Acroceras zizanoides, Eurphorbia heterophylla, Gomphrena celosiodes, Mariscus alternifolius,Phyllanthus amarus, Pteridium aquilinum and Sida corymbosa collected from north central Nigeria. The results obtained showed that crude protein ranged from 8.17% (ACR) to 18.80% (PHY), crude fiber from 14.88% (GM) to 31.29% (ACR). The contents of NDF (63.52%), ADF (46.53%) and ADL (13.22%) were generally high for ACR compared with other weed species. The carbohydrate fraction was highest in GOM (62.99) with the least content obtained in ACR (46.17%). The major and mineral contents differed considerably among the different weed species, being low in some weeds and high in others. This difference may be due to the age at harvest and soil composition. In all the weeds, the concentration of condensed tannin (1.89-7.30%), saponin (2.39-5.63%), phytate (1.07-1.67%) and oxalate (2.60-4.30%) were moderate to high. The fermentation of the insoluble but degradable fraction (b, ml) ranged from 25.50 (MAR) to 38.50 (GOM), fermentation rate constant from 0.0166 (MAR) to 0.0274h -1 (GOM). The estimated metabolisable energy and organic matter digestibility was high for all the weed species. However, short chain fatty acid (µ, mol) ranged from 0.160 (GOM) to 0.38g (PHY). The result obtained revealed a great potential of tropical weed species as protein source for ruminants.
Hepatoprotective effect of seabuckthorn leaf-extract in lead acetate-intoxicated Wistar rats

Abstract The present study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) leaf-extract (SLE) supplementation in lead acetate-intoxicated Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 35) were divided into five equal groups as per completely randomized design. Group I was kept as a control, group II received 250 ppm lead acetate in drinking water, and group III received SLE at 100 mg/kg body weight per os. Animals in group IV and group V received lead acetate at 250 ppm in drinking water for the first 45 days. Additionally, group IV received SLE at 100 mg/kg body weight per os throughout the experiment, whereas group V received SLE at 100 mg/kg body weight per os during the last 15 days of the trial. Blood samples were collected on day zero and at the 45th and 60th day to study the liver function enzymes. Lead exposure caused increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and liver weight, and hepatic oxidative stress in lead acetate-intoxicated groups (groups II, IV, and V) as compared to group I. SLE on simultaneous supplementation with lead acetate (group IV) exerted a protective effect against lead toxicity. SLE supplemented after the establishment of lead acetate-toxicity (group V) also reduced the AST, ALT, and ALP activity and hepatic oxidative stress, indicating its ameliorative effect. SLE supplementation at 100 mg/kg body weight per os protects against hepatic damage caused by 250 ppm lead acetate in the drinking water of Wistar rats.