Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Leachability of Mg-Silicate Peridotites: The Effect on Magnesite Yield of a Mineral Carbonation Process

The aim of this study was to increase feedstock availability for mineral carbonation. Acid dissolution and carbonic acid dissolution approaches were used to achieve higher Mg extractions from peridotites. Acid dissolution studies of raw dunite, heat-activated dunite, heat-transformed dunite, and twin sister dunite have not been reported in the literature. Heat-activated dunite is more reactive as compared to heat-transformed dunite, raw dunite, and twin sister dunite. The fraction of magnesium extracted from heat-activated dunite was 57% as compared to 18% from heat-transformed dunite, 14% from raw dunite, and 11% from twin sister dunite. Similarly, silicon and iron extractions were higher for heat-activated dunite compared to that of heat-transformed dunite, raw dunite, and twin sister dunite. Materials rich in forsterite (twin sister dunite and heat-transformed dunite) showed preferential Mg release and exhibited incongruent dissolution similar to that of forsterite. Heat-activated dunite (amorphous magnesium silicate rich) on the other hand behaved differently and showed congruent dissolution. Olivine did not dissolve under carbonic acid dissolution (with concurrent grinding) and acidic conditions. Under carbonic acid dissolution with concurrent grinding conditions, olivine was partially converted into nanometer sized particles (d10 = 0.08 µm) but still provided 16% Mg extraction during 4 h of dissolution.
Study of Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition of Proteas Cultivated under Subtropical Conditions

Abstract: A study of soil physicochemical characteristics and mineral nutrition of four cultivars of Leucospermum cordifolium (‘Scarlett Ribbon,’ ‘High Gold,’ ‘Veldifre,’ ‘Sunrise’) and Leucospermum patersonii species was carried out along 2 years in commercial protea plantations, distributed throughout a subtropical region (La Palma Island, Canarian Archipelago). Soils presented a slightly acid pH range, whereas organic matter showed suitable values. Generally, available soil phosphorus (P) contents were less than 25 mg kg−1, with high available potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) levels, though the ratio of Ca of the sum of available cations was usually appropriate. Despite the high electrical conductivity (EC) levels (4.31–8.87 dS m−1) determined in some soils, no salinity symptoms were ever detected. Distribution and behavior of foliar nutrients nitrogen (N), P, K, Ca, magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) along time showed that nutritional needs varied in some cases among cultivars and species. L. patersonii presented the least N concentration, whereas ‘High Gold’ and ‘Veldfire’ had the greatest levels. Data denoted that P requirements were larger in younger plants, during the recovery after pruning, and while new buds developed. ‘Sunrise’ cultivar stood out for its large foliar levels of P, whereas ‘Scarlett Ribbon’ and ‘Veldfire’ had the least K contents. As a general pattern, K decreased in winter samplings. L. patersonii species and the cultivar ‘Sunrise’ exhibited the highest Ca values, and the same was true for Mg only in the species. A special need for Na appeared in all the cultivars and species studied. L. patersonii and the cultivar ‘Sunrise’ showed the greatest Na levels. A general stabilization of nutrient concentrations was observed in the fourth, fifth, and/or sixth samplings, so that November is recommended for taking samples for current foliar analysis. In this context, foliar ranges for the studied nutrients are suggested.
Predicting Litigation Risk via Machine Learning

We demonstrate the value of machine learning in accounting through a detailed examination of litigation risk, an important and frequently used estimate in the literature. We evaluate a comprehensive set of twelve machine learning techniques and benchmark their performance against the logistic regression models in Kim and Skinner (2012). These models improve the prediction of litigation risk, with hourglass-shaped and convolutional neural networks the most effective. The improvements are substantial, and are driven by increased precision, the most salient attribute of litigation estimates in the accounting literature. We also produce firm-year litigation risk estimates for use in future research from a convolutional neural network model that uses recursive feature elimination on a pool of 68 possible parameters. Overall, our results suggest that the joint consideration of economically-meaningful predictors and machine learning techniques maximize the effectiveness of accounting estimates.
Intradialytic hypotension and relationship with cognitive function and brain morphometry

Abstract Background The haemodynamic stress brought about by dialysis could justify the loss of structural and functional integrity of the central nervous system (CNS). The main objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between intradialytic hypotension (IDH) and cognitive function and brain morphometry. Methods The cross-sectional KIDBRAIN study (Cohort Study of Morphological Changes of the Brain by MRI in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients) included 68 prevalent patients with no history of neurological disorders (cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment) undergoing haemodialysis (HD). We analysed 18 non-consecutive dialysis sessions (first three of each month over a 6-month period) and various definitions of IDH were recorded. Global cognitive function (GCF) was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and parameters of structural integrity of the CNS were obtained using volume morphometry magnetic resonance imaging analysis [grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) and hippocampus). Results A greater number of sessions with IDH were associated with less volume of WM (r = −0.359,P = 0.003) and hippocampus (r = −0.395, P = 0.001) independent of cardiovascular risk factors according to multivariable linear regression models (β = −0.198, P = 0.046 for WM; β = −0.253, P = 0.017 for hippocampus). The GCF by the MMSE was 27.3 ± 7.3. 1 and was associated with WM volume (β = 0.403, P = 0.001) independent of GM and hippocampus volume. Symptomatic IDH was associated with GCF (r = −0.420, P < 0.001) in adjusted analysis (β = −0.339, P = 0.008). Conclusions Even when asymptomatic, IDH is associated with a lower WM and hippocampus volume and reduced GCF in patients undergoing HD, thus suggesting greater vulnerability of the brain to the haemodynamic stress that may be generated by a dialysis session.
A Search for Predictable Hydrogen-Bonding Synthons in Cocrystallization of Unusual Organic Acids with a Bent Dipyridine

A bent dipyridyl compound, 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (4-bpo), was employed to crystallize with 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (H2chdc), hydroquinone, citric acid (H4ca·H2O), barbituric acid, and ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (H2Fc) under general conditions, affording binary cocrystals [(H2chdc)·(4-bpo)] (1), [(hydroquinone)·(4-bpo)2] (2), [(H4ca)·(4-bpo)] (3), [(barbituric acid)·(4-bpo)] (4), and [(HFc)·(H-4-bpo)] (5) in high yield. X-ray single-crystal structures of these compounds reveal that a supramolecular synthon [ (7)] containing classical O−H···N and weak C−H···O interactions, usually observed in organic cocrystals of carboxylic acid and heterocyclic base, is again involved in constructing the hydrogen-bonding networks of 1, 3, and 5. Its ionic analogous synthon [consisting of strong N−H···O and weak C−H···O, (7)] also appears in the partly charge-transfer salt 5. For 2, only hydroxyl of the hydroquinone component can act as the hydrogen-bonding contributor, giving a strong O−H···N bond .
Hidden religious aspects of job satisfaction and work attitudes: The differences between Eastern and Western Europe

This paper examines the links between religion and job satisfaction. Its concern is to compare Eastern and Western Europe. We use the 2015 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) data covering both non-religious individuals and individuals affiliated to a religious denomination. While the Western European countries generally report significantly higher levels of job satisfaction compared to their Eastern counterparts, we test the hypothesis that religion also shows differentiated effects on job satisfaction and work attitudes. Our results indicate that religion has no significant effect on job satisfaction in either of the regions. In the West, religious affiliation has an influence on a larger variety of work attitude measurements compared to those in the East. In both regions, workers who regularly attend religious services would enjoy work significantly more even if they did not need money, consider high income as less important, and consider helping other people, contact with other people, and having a job useful to society as more important.
Reversal of Hartmann's Procedure: Evaluating Outcomes of Single-Port Laparoscopic Approach Versus Conventional Approach

Bowel restoration following Hartmann's procedure (HP) remains a topic of discussion and innovation. This article seeks to highlight and analyze the outcomes of conventional reversal approaches such as open surgery (OS) and conventional laparoscopic (CL) to single-port laparoscopic reversal (SPLR) approach to evaluate whether SPLR is a feasible alternative to the OS or CL approach. A PubMed search using keywords yielded 5,750 articles. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 40 articles of relevance were reviewed, and endpoints considered. These included 13 systematic reviews and 27 observational reviews, three of which identified themselves as retrospective or comparative studies. The analysis showed overwhelming support for CL over OS as a choice for HP reversal. Studies comparing SPLR to CL showed SPLR to be a safe and feasible alternative, given its significantly shorter operating times, hospitalization times, and complication rates.
A Predictive Model of EGFR Mutation Status in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on PET/CT Metabolic Indexes and Clinicopathological Variables

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to create a mathematical model based on the metabolic parameters of PET/CT with clinicopathological characteristics to predict the EGFR mutation status of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsThis study retrospectively enrolled patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatment at two centres in China between January 2012 and December 2015. PET/CT metabolic parameters and Classical EGFR mutation status detection by molecular pathology were performed before and after surgery, and we analysed the associations of EGFR mutation status with patient sex, age, smoking history, maximum primary lesion diameter, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), TNM stage and histopathological subtype of lung adenocarcinoma.ResultsA total of 310 patients were included, comprising 161 with EGFR mutations (51.9%) and 149 with wild-type EGFR (48.1%). EGFR mutations were more common in females, non-smokers, and those with stage IV disease, a low SUVmax, and ≤35 mm nodules, whereas wild-type EGFR was more common in males, smokers, and those with a solid growth pattern. Multivariate analysis suggested that liver SUVratio, smoking history, tumour size, TNM stage, and solid growth pattern can predict EGFR mutation status, and these factors were used to construct a mathematical model.Conclusion﻿The prediction model constructed in this study based on clinicopathological characteristics and PET/CT parameters might offer a basis by which to predict Classical EGFR status and provide a certain reference value for guiding the use of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Investing Time in Technology: Teachers’ Value Beliefs and Time Cost Profiles for Classroom Technology Integration

Background Teachers’ value beliefs toward technology are important factors influencing their technology integration practices. Despite the complexity of value beliefs, past research in this area has tended to treat value beliefs as one monolithic factor. More work is needed to identify groups of teachers with different value belief patterns and how these groups of teachers use technology in the classroom. This understanding would help inform intervention strategies that can shift teachers’ value beliefs and technology use in specific and purposeful ways. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine naturally occurring profiles comprising of teachers’ positive value beliefs and time cost perception toward technology integration, and how value belief profiles are linked to teachers’ classroom technology use. Participants The sample for this study consisted of 648 high school teachers teaching a variety of content domains from 16 schools in a Midwestern state in the United States. Research Design The study featured a nonexperimental survey research design. Data Collection and Analysis Teachers at participating schools were invited to take an online survey during the spring of the 2016–2017 academic year. We employed a person-centered, latent profile analysis of different types of value beliefs, including intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value, and time cost perception. We then used hierarchical linear modeling to test the ways in which value profile membership was linked to how teachers used technology in the classroom. Findings Results from latent profile analysis showed overall corresponding patterns of intrinsic, utility, and attainment value. On the other hand, perceived time cost was found to play an important role in differentiating profile groups. Two profiles of teachers had high positive value beliefs but differed in terms of their time cost perceptions. Importantly, technology value profile membership was shown to be salient in predicting how much teachers used technology for more central, high-impact tasks in the classroom, such as use of digital content and use of technology for differentiation and assessment purposes. Conclusions Our results suggest that teacher education and professional development programs should target shifting teachers to increasingly more adaptive value belief profiles. The present study further contributes to this effort by describing the typology of teachers’ value beliefs that can be used to inform specific intervention strategies. Such programs are needed because teachers’ value beliefs are central predictors of how they use technology, especially for instructional tasks that may matter most for improving student outcomes.
Ligand and ensemble effects in adsorption on alloy surfaces

Density functional theory is used to study the adsorption of carbon monoxide, oxygen and nitrogen on various Au/Pd(111) bimetallic alloy surfaces. By varying the Au content in the surface we are able to make a clear separation into geometrical (or ensemble) effects and electronic (or ligand) effects determining the adsorption properties.
A Novel Motion Intention Recognition Approach for Soft Exoskeleton via IMU

To solve the complexity of the traditional motion intention recognition method using a multi-mode sensor signal and the lag of the recognition process, in this paper, an inertial sensor-based motion intention recognition method for a soft exoskeleton is proposed. Compared with traditional motion recognition, in addition to the classic five kinds of terrain, the recognition of transformed terrain is also added. In the mode acquisition, the sensors’ data in the thigh and calf in different motion modes are collected. After a series of data preprocessing, such as data filtering and normalization, the sliding window is used to enhance the data, so that each frame of inertial measurement unit (IMU) data keeps the last half of the previous frame’s historical information. Finally, we designed a deep convolution neural network which can learn to extract discriminant features from temporal gait period to classify different terrain. The experimental results show that the proposed method can recognize the pose of the soft exoskeleton in different terrain, including walking on flat ground, going up and downstairs, and up and down slopes. The recognition accuracy rate can reach 97.64%. In addition, the recognition delay of the conversion pattern, which is converted between the five modes, only accounts for 23.97% of a gait cycle. Finally, the oxygen consumption was measured by the wearable metabolic system (COSMED K5, The Metabolic Company, Rome, Italy), and compared with that without an identification method; the net metabolism was reduced by 5.79%. The method in this paper can greatly improve the control performance of the flexible lower extremity exoskeleton system and realize the natural and seamless state switching of the exoskeleton between multiple motion modes according to the human motion intention.
Low-consistency refining of CTMP targeting high strength and bulk: effect of filling pattern and trial scale

Abstract Chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) is often used in central layers of multiply paperboards due to its high bulk and strength. Such a CTMP should consist of well-separated undamaged fibres with sufficient bonding capacity. The basic objective of this work is to optimize process conditions in low-consistency (LC) refining, i. e. to select or ultimately develop new optimal LC refiner filling patterns, in order to produce fibrillar fines and improve the separation of fibres from each other while preserving the natural fibre morphology as much as possible. Furthermore, the aim is to evaluate if this type of work can be done at laboratory-scale or if it is necessary to run trials in pilot- or mill-scale in order to get relevant answers. First stage CTMP made from Norway spruce (Picea abies) was LC refined in mill-, pilot- and laboratory-scale trials and with different filling patterns. The results show that an LR1 laboratory refiner can favourably be used instead of larger refiners in order to characterize CTMP with regard to tensile index and z-strength versus bulk. A fine filling pattern resulted in CTMP with higher tensile index, z-strength and energy efficiency at maintained bulk compared to a standard filling pattern.
Comparison of Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities in Different Cultivars of Five Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Leaf Extracts

The objectives of study were to evaluate and compare the antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid, mangiferin content and antidiabetic activities of five young mango cultivars leaf extract, namely, ‘Apple’, ‘Nam Dok Mai’, ‘Bao’, ‘OkRong’ and ‘Kiew Savoey’. Antioxidant effect was investigated by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assays. Inhibitory on α-glucosidase activity and type of enzyme inhibition were evaluated by using Lineweaver Burk plot analysis. Mangiferin, major active compound, was quantified by HPTLC method. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic effect was determined using streptozotocin (STZ) –nicotinamide (NA) -induced type 2 diabetic mice. Young mango cv. ‘Apple’ leaf extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity in all assays. Moreover, it contains highest amounts of total phenolic and mangiferin to the values of 311 mg GAE/g extract and 197 mg/g extract, respectively. It possessed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.50 μg/mL. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis demonstrated a non-competitive inhibition of αglucosidase activity with the inhibition constant (Ki) of 2.98 μg/mL. Coadministration of young mango cv. ‘Apple’ leaf extract at dose of 1,000 mg/kg significantly reduced the total blood glucose level by 13.43% in STZ-NA-induced type 2 diabetic mice when compared with control diabetic mice in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) model. Inhibition of glucose absorption may be one of the possible mechanism of its hypoglycemic effect. In conclusion, young mango cv. ‘Apple’ leaf extract possesses the strongest antioxidant and antidiabetic activities which has a potential to develop as nutraceutical products.
Size‐Dependent Structural and Optical Characteristics of Glucose‐Derived Graphene Quantum Dots

It is of scientific importance to obtain graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with narrow‐size distribution in order to unveil their size‐dependent structural and optical properties, thereby further to explore the energy band diagram of GQDs. Here, a soft‐template microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method to prepare GQDs with diameters less than 5 nm ± 0.55 nm is reported. The size‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) decay lifetime and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) of the GQDs are studied systematically. The QY of the GQDs with an average diameter of 2 nm is the highest (15%) among all the samples investigated and the QY decreases with increasing diameter of the GQDs. The size‐dependence of the PL decay lifetime is also observed. The result suggests that spatial confinement effects related to radiative relaxation play an important role in the size‐dependent decay lifetime. A realistic energy band diagram of the GQDs is deduced from the experimental results.
Accessing Legacy Phosphorus in Soils

Repeated applications of phosphorus (P) fertilizers result in the buildup of P in soil (commonly known as legacy P), a large fraction of which is not immediately available for plant use. Long-term applications and accumulations of soil P is an inefficient use of dwindling P supplies and can result in nutrient runoff, often leading to eutrophication of water bodies. Although soil legacy P is problematic in some regards, it conversely may serve as a source of P for crop use and could potentially decrease dependence on external P fertilizer inputs. This paper reviews the (1) current knowledge on the occurrence and bioaccessibility of different chemical forms of P in soil, (2) legacy P transformations with mineral and organic fertilizer applications in relation to their potential bioaccessibility, and (3) approaches and associated challenges for accessing native soil P that could be used to harness soil legacy P for crop production. We highlight how the occurrence and potential bioaccessibility of different forms of soil inorganic and organic P vary depending on soil properties, such as soil pH and organic matter content. We also found that accumulation of inorganic legacy P forms changes more than organic P species with fertilizer applications and cessations. We also discuss progress and challenges with current approaches for accessing native soil P that could be used for accessing legacy P, including natural and genetically modified plant-based strategies, the use of P-solubilizing microorganisms, and immobilized organic P-hydrolyzing enzymes. It is foreseeable that accessing legacy P will require multidisciplinary approaches to address these limitations.
Effects of Chaotropic and Kosmotropic Solutes on the Structure of Lipid Cubic Phase: Monoolein-Water Systems

Abstract Using X-ray diffraction technique, we investigated the modulation of the bicontinuous cubic structure of monoacylglycerol (monoolein)-water systems by the presence of solutes. X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that chaotropic solutes (NaSCN, NaI, and urea) expand the lattice constants of fully hydrated monoolein in Pn3m cubic phase and on the other hand, that kosmotropic solutes (Na2SO4, NaCl, and sucrose) reduce the lattice constants. These results can be interpreted as suggesting that kosmotropes reduce the interfacial area and that chaotropes expand the interfacial area, by assuming independence of the molecular length of monoolein on the presence of solutes.