Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadband dependence of atmospheric transmissions in the UV and total solar radiation

Abstract Atmospheric broadband transmissions of clouds, aerosols, and ozone in the erythemally weighted ultraviolet (EUV, 290–320 nm), total (spectrally integrated) ultraviolet (TUV, 290–363 nm), and total global solar (GS, 305–2800 nm) spectral regions were analysed with ground-based measurements in Seoul, Korea (37.57°N, 128.98°E) from March 2004 to February 2013. The annual average total transmission expressed as a fraction of the clear-sky irradiance was 77.6% in the EUV, 73.6% in the TUV, and 72.0% in the GS spectral regions. The corresponding values for cloud transmission were 78.4%, 73.9%, and 71.7%. In overcast cloudy conditions, atmospheric transmission was reduced by 45.9%, 50.2%, and 56.6% in the three spectral regions, respectively, indicating the dominant effect of clouds. Aerosol and ozone transmissions had almost the same annual average. Annual average atmospheric transmission effectively decreases with increasing wavelength from EUV to GS regions. However, we found that there was a difference in wavelength dependence of atmospheric transmission for monthly averages, which seems related to the monthly variation of total column ozone (TCO), aerosol, and cloud amount. It is also found that there is a critical value of TCO (TCO =370 DU) for the wavelength dependence of transmission. Higher ozone amount than this turnaround value can cause an increase in transmission from the EUV to GS regions. The monthly wavelength-dependent effects may be attributable more to the different climatological characteristics of the TCO rather than aerosols and clouds.
Renal tubular epithelial cells of the native hibernator Syrian hamster recover more rapidly from endoplasmic reticulum stress compared to those of human or mouse following warm anoxia-reoxygenation, possibly due to increased proteasomal function

Comparative biology may reveal novel therapeutic strategies against human diseases. Ischemia‑reperfusion (IR) injury induces a number of diseases. It is known that hibernating mammals survive IR since during hibernation, prolonged periods of torpor with a marked decrease in blood flow and breathing rate are interrupted by short periods of arousal. In the present study, the differences in the characteristics of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response, which are induced by IR and may cause cell death among humans, mice or the native hibernator Syrian hamster were examined in vitro using renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) derived from these three sources. RPTECs were subjected to anoxia or reoxygenation, both at 37˚C. Cell death was measured by LDH release assay. ER stress was assessed by determining the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase RNA‑like ER kinase, ubiquitinated proteins and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) by western blot analysis. For proteasomal activity, a specific assay was used. The results revealed that anoxia induced ER stress in all the evaluated RPTECs, from which only the hamster‑derived RPTECs recovered during reoxygenation. Anoxia and reoxygenation increased protein ubiquitination in the human‑ and mouse‑derived RPTECs, whereas this was decreased in the hamster‑derived RPTECs. Anoxia enhanced proteasomal activity in all the evaluated RPTECs. In the human‑ and mouse‑derived RPTECs, reoxygenation reduced proteasomal activity, which remained high in the hamster‑derived RPTECs. Anoxia and reoxygenation increased Bax expression and induced cell death in the human‑ and mouse‑derived RPTECs, while neither Bax overexpression nor cell death occurred in the hamster‑derived RPTECs. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that compared to human‑ or mouse‑derived RPTECs, those derived from the hamster recover more rapidly from ER stress following warm anoxia‑reoxygenation, possibly due to increased proteasomal function.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Characteristics of Zataria multiflora Boiss Essential Oil and Hydroalcoholic Extract of Rhus coriaria L.

Background: The increasing demand for natural preservatives results in their extended usefulness. The objective of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical and antioxidative characteristics of Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) fruit and comparison of its antioxidative and antibacterial activity with Zataria multiflora Essential Oil (ZEO) as native Iranian natural additives. Methods: Antioxidant activities of Z. multiflora Boiss and sumac were analyzed by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2, 2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS). Reducing power tests were used for measuring antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content of extract and essential oil were studied as well. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) of a hydroalcoholic extract of sumac and ZEO against of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes were studied. Statistical analysis of data was performed using the SPSS software. Results: The phenolic content in sumac extract (305.65 mg/g) was significantly (p˂0.05) higher than ZEO (179.42 mg/100 g). The highest level of antibacterial activity was demonstrated by ZEO with the MICs of 0.625 for S. Typhimurium and 1.25 mg/ml for L. monocytogenes. Conclusion: Sumac extract showed more potent antioxidative activity than ZEO. However, based on the results of antibacterial activity, ZEO had more potent than sumac extract, significantly.
Structure and Properties of Gallium-Rich Sodium Germano-Gallate Glasses

Glass compositions in the gallium-rich region of the ternary GaO3/2–GeO2–NaO1/2 vitreous system are studied as a function of the Na/Ga cationic ratio (ranging from 1.30 to 1.61) for a fixed GeO2 content. Glass structures are investigated by 71Ga magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and Raman spectroscopies, and the thermal, optical, and physical properties are characterized. Vibrational spectra are interpreted with the help of density functional theory calculations. Gallium oxide generally enters the germania network in fourfold coordination, however, for a Na/Ga ratio below unity, gallium cations tend to charge balance with the formation of five- or six-fold coordination units. When the amount of sodium is greater than gallium, nonbridging oxygens are formed preferably on germanate tetrahedral units. These structural descriptions are used to understand the evolution of glass properties such as glass transition temperature, density, and refractive index.
EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS ENZYMES ON APPARENT METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF BARLEY IN SWINE AND BROILER CHICKENS

OF THESIS EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS ENZYMES ON APPARENT METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF BARLEY IN SWINE AND BROILER CHICKENS The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of exogenous enzyme supplementation, phytase and xylanase-glucanase, on AME value of barley in poultry and swine. In the first study, 280 broilers were assigned 1 of 8 treatments. Barley inclusion in the diet resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) performance. There was a treatment × phytase × xylanase-glucanase interaction for dry matter retention with birds fed the corn-SBMbarley diet supplemented with phytase and xylanase-glucanase having higher (P < 0.05) DM retention compared to birds fed corn-SBM-based diet with only xylanase-glucanase supplementation. AME and AMEn of corn-SBM-based diets were greater (P < 0.05) than the corn-SBM-barley-based diets. Energy metabolizability and AMEn of barley significantly increased with xylanase-glucanase supplementation. In the second study, 24 pigs (12 pigs/phase) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with xylanase-glucanase and phytase. After a 7-d adaption period, urine and feces were quantitatively collected for 5 d. DE of the barley-based diet supplemented with xylanase-glucanase (3,578 kcal/kg) and phytase and xylanase-glucanase in combination (3,617 kcal/kg) were significantly different. Compared to control diets, exogenous enzymes either significantly improved or had a tendency to improve AME and AMEn value of barley in broilers, but not in growing pigs.
Noncollinear Relativistic DFT + U Calculations of Actinide Dioxide Surfaces

A noncollinear relativistic PBEsol+U study of the low-index actinide dioxides (AnO2, An = U, Np, Pu) surfaces has been conducted. The surface properties of the AnO2 have been investigated and the importance of the reorientation of magnetic vectors relative to the plane of the surface is highlighted. In collinear nonrelativistic surface models, the orientation of the magnetic moments is often ignored; however, the use of noncollinear relativistic methods is key to the design of reliable computational models. The ionic relaxation of each surface is shown to be confined to the first three monolayers and we have explored the configurations of the terminal oxygen ions on the reconstructed (001) surface. The reconstructed (001) surfaces are ordered as (001)αβ < (001)α < (001)β in terms of energetics. Electrostatic potential isosurface and scanning tunneling microscopy images have also been calculated. By considering the energetics of the low-index AnO2 surfaces, an octahedral Wulff crystal morphology has been calculated.
Mucuna pruriens Seed Extract Promotes Neurite Outgrowth via TEN-4 Dependent and Independent Mechanisms in NEURO2A Cells

Neurological diseases are one of the serious health hazards faced by mankind for decades. Neurite outgrowth is a key factor responsible for proper neuronal development. Any misplacement in the process could lead to neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Treatment with the available synthetic drugs imparts many difficulties to the patients due to the side effects. Compounds from natural sources can be considered as an effective replacement for this. Mucuna pruriens, used in traditional ayurvedic medicine, contains L-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-DOPA) in its seeds, which possesses medicinal effects against neurological diseases. In this regard, seed extracts of M. pruriens originated from Thailand and India, were analyzed for their neuroprotective effects in Neuro2a cells. Hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were found to be non-toxic to the viability of the cells. Ethanol extracts of M. pruriens of Thai origin (MTE), hexane extracts of M. pruriens of Indian origin (MIH) and ethyl acetate extracts of M. pruriens of Indian origin (MIEA) were able to induce neurite outgrowth in Neuro2a cells. Interestingly, both MTE and MIH induced neurite outgrowth dependent on Teneurin-4 (Ten-4) transmembrane protein whereas MIEA did the same independent of Ten-4, which was confirmed by real time PCR and gene silencing approach. The present study suggested that M. pruriens can be used as a potential drug in the treatment of neurological diseases as it can induce neurite outgrowth by multiple mechanisms, which will be of great use in the field of medicine.
Effects of foliar Fe and Zn fertilizers on storage root Fe, Zn, and beta-carotene content of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Abstract Foliar sprays of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers are effective in improving Fe and Zn concentrations in sweet potato. The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of foliar fertilization with Fe and Zn in association with amino acids (AA) on Fe and Zn biofortification and the nutritional quality of sweet potato under both greenhouse and field conditions. Compared with treatment CK, foliar Fe, Zn, and Fe-Zn fertilizer applications could biofortify Fe and Zn concentrations and other nutrients in sweet potato to different extents. However, when 0.4% (wt/vol) AA was added to Fe-Zn fertilizer, the average Fe and Zn concentrations were increased by 70.2% and 59.8% under greenhouse conditions, and 52.9% and 43.7% under field conditions, respectively. The Fe-Zn-AA fertilizer application also resulted in incremental increases in root yield and beta-carotene content. This research identified some useful foliar fertilizers for accelerating Fe and Zn accumulation in selected sweet potato cultivars.
A comprehensive overview of recent developments in RF-MEMS technology-based high-performance passive components for applications in the 5G and future telecommunications scenarios

The goal of this work is to provide an overview about the current development of radio-frequency microelectromechanical systems technology, with special attention towards those passive components bearing significant application potential in the currently developing 5G paradigm. Due to the required capabilities of such communication standard in terms of high data rates, extended allocated spectrum, use of massive MIMO (Multiple- Input-Multiple-Output) systems, beam steering and beam forming, the focus will be on devices like switches, phase shifters, attenuators, filters, and their packaging/integration. For each of the previous topics, several valuable contributions appeared in the last decade, underlining the improvements produced in the state of the art and the chance for RFMEMS technology to play a prominent role in the actual implementation of the 5G infrastructure.
Review of Oxidation of Gasoline Surrogates and Its Components

There has been considerable progress in the area of fuel surrogate development to emulate gasoline fuels’ oxidation properties. The current paper aims to review the relevant hydrocarbon group components used for the formulation of gasoline surrogates, review specific gasoline surrogates reported in the literature, outlining their utility and deficiencies, and identify the future research needs in the area of gasoline surrogates and kinetics model.
Is the typicality of “Provence Rosé wines” only a matter of color?

Aims: Given the diversity of French dry Rosé wines, Provence Rosé producers (France) wish to evaluate the typicality of their wines in order to better identify their typical characteristics. A clear pink color is one of them but they would also like to identify some specific odors and aromas. Here, we address these issues by: (i) assessing whether the identity of Provence Rosé wines is perceptible by tasting and shared by professionals based on specific odors and aromas (disregarding color as indicator using black glasses), and (ii) evaluating the impact of color on Provence Rosé wine typicality.Methods and results: Complementary methods were used: exemplarity measurements by a panel of wine professionals, sensory evaluation by a trained expert panel, and color assessment. It was confirmed that Provence Rosé wine typicality is based on color because the clearest wines were found to be more typical. However, typicality in odors and aromas was also demonstrated. Using black glasses, wine professionals from Provence agreed on ‘citrus fruit’, ‘exotic fruit’ and ‘fresh floral’ odors and aromas being typical attributes of Provence Rosé wines. Next, when using transparent glasses, the color of the wines clearly modified the perception of exemplarity.Conclusion: There is no single sensory profile of typical Provence Rosé wines. Variability within the sensory profiles of this specific Rosé wine area was observed, but some common aromatic and visual characteristics were identified.Significance and impact of the study: These results could be used as a marketing tool to better highlight the specific intrinsic characteristics of Provence Rosé wines. It will now be interesting to investigate the Provence area further in order to evaluate potential sub-area specificities linked to “terroir” factors.
Molecular mechanisms regulating eosinophil migration and airways hyperreactivity in mice

Asthma is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that is characterized by reversible airways obstruction in association with mucus hypersecretion, increased serum IgE, eosinophilia, remodeling of the airway wall and enhanced airways reactivity to inhaled non-specific spasmogens (Kay 1991; Bochner et al., 1994; Holgate 1997; Wills-Karp 1999). It is these pathogenic processes that are thought to promote airways obstruction in asthma, which predisposes to wheezing, shortness of breath and life-threatening limitations in airflow. Although the aetiology and inflammatory response are complex, aberrant CD4 + T helper 2 (Th2 cell) lymphocyte responses to common environmental stimuli are thought to play a central role in the development and exacerbation of disease through the secretion of a wide range of cytokines (Bochner et al., 1994; Wills-Karp 1999). Indeed, the hallmark features of allergic asthma have all been linked to the effector functions of Th2 cytokines (e.g. interleukin [IL] -4, -5, -9, -10 and -13) and Th2 cells are obligatory for the development and expression of disease (Wills-Karp 1999). IL-4 plays a key role in Th2 cell development and IgE production (Finkelman et al., 1988; Corry et al. , 1996; Cohn et al., 1997). IL-5 is an important regulator of eosinophil function ( development, activation, migration and survival), cooperates with chemokines (such as eotaxin-1) to regulate migration of this leukocyte, and is a critical molecular switch for the induction of blood and tissue eosinophilia (Sur et al., 1995; Foster et al., 1996; Kopf et al., 1996; Hamelmann et al., 1997; Mould et al. , 1997). Notably, IL-13 is a potent regulator of airways hyperreactivity [AHR], mucus hypersecretion and eotaxin-1 production (Grunig et al. , 1998; Wills-Karp et al., 1998). Although extensive experimental and clinical studies have identified roles for Th2 cells, eosinophils and Th2 cytokines in pathogenic processes, the interplay between these cells and molecules for the development of disease needs to be further explored. In this thesis, IL-5and eotaxin-1deficient BALB/c mice and mice deficient in both factors (IL-5/eotaxin-1) were employed to elucidate the role of these two molecules in the induction of AHR and eosinophilia in a mouse model of asthma ( ovalbumin [OVA] sensitization model). IL-5 was shown to be crucial for the development of eosinophilia in the bone marrow and blood during allergic inflammation of the lung. However, eosinophil migration into the allergic lung occurred independently of IL-5. By contrast, eotaxin-1 played a key role in the recruitment of eosinophils into the lung, and this
Estimation of Biosurfactant Activity of an Alkaline Protease Producing Bacteria Isolated from Municipal Solid Waste

Biosurfactants are surface-active substances synthesized by microorganisms having the properties of reducing surface tension, stabilizing emulsions, promoting foaming and are generally non-toxic and biodegradable. Here an effort was made to screen biosurfactant activity of a protease producing bacteria isolated from municipal solid waste. Strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16S rDNA based molecular technique. Biosurfactant, obtained from isolated organism was screened by hemolytic assay, drop collapsing method, oil spread method, blue agar plate method and oil spreading technique. In oil spread method kerosene oil shown the best result (58mm) and in emulsification index method petrol has given maximum efficient result (64 % in comparison to 1% of SLS having 58% EI). Besides biosurfactant activity the strain also produces protease enzyme. The strain has shown maximum protease activity at pH 9.5, temperature 37°C and 48 hrs. of incubation time. So, this strain can be used in textile, leather, detergent, pharmaceutical and dairy industries for its dual ability of producing protease enzyme and biosurfactant activity.
Production and Quality Evaluation of Functional Biscuits from Whole Wheat Flour Supplemented with Acha (Fonio) and Kidney Bean Flours

Composite flours are used for bakery products to improve the nutritional value and reduce the reliance on wheat importation. The present study was aimed at assessing the effect of supplementing whole wheat flour with acha and red kidney bean flours on the physical properties, proximate composition, mineral and sensory characteristics of biscuits made from the blends. Blend ratios used were 100:00:00 (T1, control sample), 75:25:00 (T2), 75:00:25 (T3) and 50:25:25 (T4) (whole wheat: acha: kidney bean flour). The result showed that all the parameters varied with the composition of flours in the blends. The biscuit weight, diameter, thickness and spread ratio ranged from 16.32 to 19.08g, 4.02 to 4.40cm, 0.69 to 0.78cm and 5.33 to 6.38 respectively. Incorporation of kidney bean flour in the blends led to the reduction in spread ratio of the biscuit. The protein, fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents in the biscuits ranged from 11.73 to 15.20%, 16.34 to 17.95%, 1.52%, to 1.73%, 1.65 to 1.80% and 63.36 to 68.70% respectively. Samples T3 and T4 with kidney bean flour incorporation had higher protein, dietary fibre and lower carbohydrate contents than samples T1 and T2 with no kidney bean flour incorporation. The calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc contents ranged from 36.14 â€“ 45.72mg/100g, 105.40 â€“ 128.72mg/100g, 29.60 â€“ 46.81mg/100g, 3.89 â€“ 5.12mg/100g and 2.01 â€“3.51mg/100g respectively. Incorporation of kidney bean flour enhanced the calcium, magnesium and iron contents in the biscuits. Sensory mean score values showed that samples T3 and T4 were the most preferred samples in terms of overall acceptability as their values were not significantly (p>0.05) difference from each other. It is evident from the study that acceptable biscuits of improved nutritional value and high dietary fibre content could be produced from whole wheat flour supplemented with acha and kidney beans flours. This will increase the utilization of these locally grown crops and reduce wheat importation into the country. The high fibre biscuit will also possess several health benefits.
Solubility and Solution Thermodynamics of Baricitinib in Six Different Pharmaceutically Used Solvents at Different Temperatures

Abstract The preset study was undertaken to determine solubility and solution thermodynamics of a novel anticancer drug baricitinib in some pharmaceutically used mono/pure solvents including “water, ethanol, polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), ethyl acetate (EA), dichloromethane (DCM) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)” at “T = 298.2 K to 323.2 K” and “p = 0.1 MPa”. The solubility of baricitinib after equilibrium (saturation state) was analyzed spectrophotometrically by applying an isothermal technique. Characterization of solid phases of initial and equilibrated baricitinib was confirmed with the help of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Measured solubilities of baricitinib were regressed using “van’t Hoff and Apelblat models”. DSC spectra of baricitinib showed no change in physical state of baricitinib after equilibrium. Solubilities of baricitinib (as mole fraction) were estimated highest in DMSO (1.65 × 10−1) followed by PEG-400 (1.42 × 10−1), DCM (1.29 × 10−3), ethanol (7.41 × 10−4), EA (4.74 × 10−4) and water (1.76 × 10−4) at “T = 323.2 K” and same tendencies were also noted at other temperatures studied. With the help of theoretical solubilities of baricitinib, activity coefficients were estimated. The estimated data of activity coefficients indicated higher molecular interactions in baricitinib-DMSO and baricitinib-PEG-400 as compared with baricitinib-water, baricitinib-EA, baricitinib-DCM and baricitinib-ethanol. Thermodynamic treatment of solubility values of baricitinib showed “endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution” of baricitinib in all pharmaceutically used solvents evaluated.