Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mensuração de problemas locomotores e de lesões no coxim plantar em frangos de corte

EnglishThis study was conducted in UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos-PR and divided into two experiments with 600 male broilers of the same lineage and origin. The objective of this study was to evaluate different methodologies for measurement of footpad and locomotors lesions in broilers and the effect of housing density on the incidence of these injuries. For the experiment the incidence of loco- motor problems in a completely randomized design and factorial 3 x 3 x 2 (density x evaluators x methods of locomotor problems). For the experiment of footpad dermatitis, the birds were distributed in a completely randomized design and factorial 3 x 3 x 3 (density x evaluators x methods of footpad lesions), with four replicates. For the evaluation of each methodology, we used three different evaluators who were previously trained on the application of methods and without any interaction between them. The averages were compared by Tukey tests at 5% probability of error. The repeatability of the method was analyzed from scores measurements taken by evaluators. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied with a significant level of 5%. Density of housing affects the higher intensity of locomotor problems and foot pad dermatitis of the birds, increasing their development. In general, the methods were not available to be interpreted and applied. portuguesEste estudo foi conduzido na UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos-PR, dividido em dois experimentos com 600 pintainhos de corte machos, de mesma linhagem (Cobb) e origem. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar distintas metodologias para mensuracao de lesoes no coxim plantar e lesoes locomotoras em frangos de corte, bem como o efeito da densidade de alojamento na incidencia de lesoes. Para o experimento de incidencia de problemas locomotores, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 2 (avaliadores x densidade x metodologias de pro- blemas de locomocao). Para o experimento de incidencia de lesoes no coxim plantar, as aves foram distribuidas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 3 (avaliadores x densidade x metodologias de lesoes no coxim plantar), com quatro repeticoes cada. Para a avaliacao de cada metodologia adotada, foram utilizados tres avaliadores distintos e pre- viamente treinados sobre a aplicacao dos meto- dos e sem qualquer interacao entre si. As medias obtidas foram comparadas pelo Testes de Tukey ao nivel de 5% de probabilidade do erro. A repetibilidade do metodo foi analisada pelos escores mensurados pelos avaliadores. O coeficiente de correlacao intraclasse (ICC) foi aplicado com nivel de significância de 5 %. Densidades de alojamento mais elevadas afetaram a intensidade de proble- mas locomotores e de lesoes no coxim plantar das aves, aumentando com o desenvolvimento das mesmas. No geral, as metodologias de mensuracao de problemas locomotores e de lesao no coxim plantar avaliadas neste estudo sao passiveis de aplicacao, porem nao tao acessiveis de serem interpretadas
Editorial

Teachers and teaching constitute a large domain in educational psychology. By applying various models and theories, many studies have generated new knowledge in these areas. Examples include Rimm-Kaufman, Baroody, Larsen, Curby, and Abry (2015) on student–teacher interactions, and McCormick and O’Connor (2015) on teachers’ influences on students. Likewise, the contributors of this issue have demonstrated their enthusiasm in exploring relevant topics. Zhang and Jing (2016) explored the predictive power of five organisational commitments for seven teaching styles and suggested some strategies to promote certain teaching styles by fostering organisational commitments. Also drawing on Chinese data, Han, Yin, and Wang (2016) highlighted how teacher engagement mediates the effect of teachers’ goal orientations for teaching on teacher commitments. Engagement also influences teachers’ well-being. Bermejo-Toro, Prieto-Ursúa, and Hernández (2016) showed that engagement plays a modulating role between burnout and personal and job resources within a group of Spanish teachers. This finding complemented the longitudinal study of Helms-Lorenz and Maulana (2016) on beginning teachers in the Netherlands, which gave evidence to the benefit of induction programmes on their well-being. However, in-service teachers should not be the only group whose well-being concerns us. Using a sample of student teachers in Greece, Kokkinos and Stavropoulos (2016) found that all the burnout dimensions studied could be predicted by contextual but not personal variables. Educators should be able to promote student teachers’ well-being by improving the practicum conditions. Studying another aspect of prospective teachers, Thomson (2016) used schooling metaphors to investigate the different schooling beliefs across prospective teachers in the US with different motivational profiles. The schooling metaphors can also be used as reflective tools by prospective teachers to understand their schooling beliefs. Apart from teachers’ schooling beliefs, perceptions of other factors also affect their practices. Meng, Muñoz, and Wu (2016) surveyed Chinese high school teachers’ perceptions of teaching effectiveness, and explored the cultural influences that could explain the differences between Chinese and US education in this regard. In Bruggink, Goei, and Koot (2016), a sample of Dutch teachers’ perceptions of students’ additional support needs were found to have no statistically significant relationships with teachers’ personal and professional characteristics. Contextual factors mattered more. This is echoed by Haataja, Sainio, Turtonen, and Salmivalli (2016). In studying the low recognition rate of stable victims in schools joining the KiVa antibullying programme in Finland, the authors found that apart from students’ personal factors, contextual factors, including schools’ commitment to the programme, played a significant role. These studies highlighted various directions to enhance professional development. With the correlations found between teachers’ maintenance behaviour, maintenance intention, and their attitude toward the relevant behaviour, Cheng (2016)
Narrative learning for democratic citizenship identity: a theoretical framework

Abstract Scholars in different fields have theorised about the value of narrative learning and narrative education for advancing components of civic professional and worldview development. Whilst research into the theory and practice of narrative learning is more widespread in adult and religious education, it is still scarce in the area of democratic citizenship education. This article reports a theoretical social scientific inquiry into the key characteristics of narrative democratic citizenship education. After defining the key elements of narrative learning and the educational philosophy this study is based on, it elaborates on four modes of narrative learning in democratic citizenship education: learning from narratives; learning in the process of narrating; learning by recognising personal and cultural narratives; and learning by locating these narratives. It then illustrates how each mode of narrative learning can contribute to advancing democratic citizenship identity and cultural narratives on good citizenship and the good society. Building on this framework and the work of educational researchers who specialise in civics or narrative learning, the article concludes with a discussion of the desirability of employing narrative learning to cultivate citizenship identity in formal education.
An analysis of burnout and job satisfaction among Turkish special school headteachers and teachers, and the factors effecting their burnout and job satisfaction

This study explores issues of burnout and job satisfaction among special school headteachers and teachers in Turkey. The purpose of the study is to determine whether there is a difference between headteachers' and teachers' burnout and job satisfaction in terms of work status, gender and work experiences, and to analyse the factors effecting their burnout and job satisfaction. In this paper, a quantitative approach has been used: 295 subjects (33 special school headteachers and 262 special school teachers) responded to the survey. As the research instruments, the Job Satisfaction Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure job satisfaction and burnout levels in terms of the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The study results indicated that special school headteachers felt less personal accomplishment than special school teachers. However, there were no significant differences between headteachers and teachers on two burnout dimensions, namely emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and job satisfaction. In terms of gender, males have less emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment but higher depersonalization than their female counterparts. Females have higher job satisfaction than their male counterparts. In relation to their work experiences, more experienced subjects have higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization than their less experienced colleagues, and also less job satisfaction than less experienced counterparts. However, more experienced subjects who participated in the study felt higher personal accomplishment than the others.
Provenance hybridization in a diallel mating scheme of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). II. Heterosis

Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is a species characterized by a discontinuous natural range with populations as a rule of small size and growing in heterogeneous environments. Ten provenances belonging to the three biosystematic groups of the species (Atlantic, Mediterranean, and North African) were crossed using a diallel scheme. Parental provenances and their hybrids were tested and measured for height growth at age 1, 2, 3, 8 and 13, as well as for insect resistance and stem crookedness in a trial in southwestern France. The results show a decrease in the variance of heterosis for height growth with age. Heterosis measured as the relative superiority of the hybrid to the midparent varies from -10% to 42% at age 1 and between 2 and 20% at age 13. There is no age effect on the mean value of heterosis, which amounts to 9.7% at age 1 and 8.4% at age 13. The value of heterosis was then compared with the genetic distance of parental provenances measured with various traits and markers (phenotypic traits,.
Supporting early oral language skills for preschool ELL in an EFL context, Mauritius: possibilities and challenges

In Mauritius, Kreol is the home language of the majority of school children, while English is the main language of literacy and the main written medium of instruction as from the first year of primary schooling. This has had a backwash effect on the preschool sector, where English is introduced. A cross-sectional study of local preschools revealed that while English number names are systematically taught, there is less planning in the teaching of general English vocabulary. This article reports on a comparative study of a ‘regular’ English preschool class and an Oral English Intervention Programme in two local preschools over 2005. The comparison between pre-test and post-test results showed that the children in both programmes improved significantly in receptive English vocabulary, with the experimental subjects unsurprisingly outperforming the ‘regular’ group. However, the implementation of the intervention programme revealed the many potential challenges of teaching English to pre-schoolers in an English-poor environment.
Heterogeneidade de Variância na Avaliação Genética de Reprodutores da Raça Pardo-Suíça no Brasil

Data from 6,842 lactations of 3,274 Brown Swiss cows, daughters of 71 sires, from 100 herds, calving from 1980 to 1999 were used to evaluate the effects of heterogeneity of variance on genetic evaluation of bulls. The milk and fat yields adjusted for 305 days of lactation and mature equivalent age were used to classify the herds among high and low production level. An animal model used to estimate variance component, included the fixed effect of herds, age-season of calving and grade of cows, random effect of animal, permanent environment and temporary environment. Variance components were estimated to milk (fat) yield in booth levels, considering the milk or fat yield in each production level as different trait. Estimates of heritability were . 38, . 38, . 39 and . 32 for milk and fat yields in high and low production levels, respectively. Genetic correlations between high and low production levels were . 85 and . 79 to milk and fat yields, respectively. In genetic evaluation programs , it is important to consider differences in variability among herds, otherwise, under selection, the most variables herds would contribute with the majority of the animals, and the genetic evaluations of the animals could be more a function not only from its genetic potential, but also from its environment where the progenies expressed their traits.
Shift in Sabella spallanzanii (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) spawning period in the Central Mediterranean Sea: a consequence of climate change?

Sabella spallanzanii is a large tubicolous filter feeder polychaete common in the Mediterranean fouling assemblages where it plays an important role in structuring the community. Its reproductive biology is well known and had been investigated since 1993. During the past few years a shift in its reproductive period has been observed. In 2008 the presence of ripe eggs in the females was observed at least two months in advance compared to the past. This was confirmed during the 2009 when spawning and fertilization were observed three months in advance compared to the past. Possible causes of this shift may be related to the increasing surface temperature in the Central Mediterranean Sea.
Twin‐Row Corn Production: An Evaluation in the Mid‐Atlantic Delmarva Region

Corn (Zea maize L.) produced in twin rows (two rows 7.5 inches apart on 30-inch centers) was compared to corn produced in rows spaced 30 inches apart over a range of plant populations at three Maryland locations and one Delaware location during 2003 and 2004. Grain yield averaged over the hybrids and populations differed between the two row spacing treatments at only one of the four locations and in that instance yield was greater in 30-inch rows. Corn produced in twin rows did not produce significantly better yields as plant population increased from 24,000 to 32,000 plants per acre. Only one of twenty-eight hybrid by row spacing combinations evaluated across the four locations had a significant linear response to population for yield. Yield response to population for both row spacing treatments varied across locations and hybrids. Greater levels of lodging occurred as population increased for twin-row corn. A greater incidence of stalk rot was also observed in twin-row corn. These results did nothing to indicate that planting corn in twin rows instead of the conventional 30-inch rows in the Delmarva region would be a beneficial management practice change.
Impact of Two Forest Roads upon Wildlife after a Road Pavement Change in a Coastal Area in the Center of Portugal.

The impact of traffic on wild vertebrate populations in two forest roads was assessed. These two roads cross the Perimetro Florestal das Dunas e Pinhais de Mira, located in the littoral centre of Portugal. One of the roads was paved with asphalt. The other was already partially paved but later on it became completely paved with asphalt. These new pavements considerably contributed to the increase of traffic in these roads. Between September 1996 and August 1997 the one-way transepts (13 km of forest roads) were reviewed 10 times a month using a vehicle at a 20-40 Km/hour speed. Vertebrate road casualties (n = 831) included 46 identified species and 7 non-identified individuals. Amphibians presented the highest values for road casualties (81%), followed by birds (9%), reptiles (6%) and mammals (4%). The highest mortality rates occurred between November and March and in the 2nd, 5th and 7th kilometres. Amphibians were the most affected group. The common toad Bufo bufo, presented the highest mortality values (49%), constituting nearly half the road casualties registered during the study period. In a short-term period, this mortality might produce negative effects upon longevity and reproduction of some vertebrate species.
Nitrogen Use by Tall Fescue and Switchgrass on Acidic Soils of Varying Water Holding Capacity

Increased use of bunchgrasses in acidic soils of the humid North-eastern USA requires more detailed knowledge on the fate of fertilizer N for economic and environmental reasons. A 3-yr field investigation using 15 N-depleted fertilizer was undertaken to determine the effect of soil water holding capacity (WHC) on the use of soil and fertilizer N by cool-season (tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and warm-season (switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L.) forages. Three sites of varying soil depth provided WHC of 5, 15, and 25 cm. Fertilizer N was applied at 0, 90, and 180 kg ha −1 (split application for tall fescue) (.)
Induced adaptive and cross-protection responses against oxidative stress killing in a bacterial phytopathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

In Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of H2O2 conferred protection to subsequent challenges with a killing concentration of H2O2 (30 mM, adaptive response). No adaptive response to tert-butylhydroperoxides (tBOOH) or the superoxide generator menadione was observed. However, exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of tBOOH or N-ethylmaleimide (a thiol reagent) induced cross-protection to low 30 mM lethal levels of H2O2 but not to organic peroxides. Pre-treatment with a superoxide generator conferred cross-protection against a high lethal concentration (150 mM) of H2O2 and an organic hydroperoxide (tBOOH). The levels of protection against H2O2 killing caused by various inducers were correlated with their ability to induce catalase. There was no cross-regulation between oxidative stress and heat shock. Both adaptive and cross-protection responses required de novo protein synthesis. Many aspects of these responses in X. oryzae pv. oryzae are unlike responses previously observed in other microbes and they may have important physiological roles.
Some Examples of the Use of Wood in the Historical Town of Groningen (The Netherlands)

Summary Many wooden artifacts have been excavated from deposits formed in Groningen from the 7th to 18th centuries AD. Identifications have been made of wood used for building, for coffins, cups, spindles, a sun watch, a bird cage, a doll and other objects. Inferences are made about woodmanship, gardening and trade.
A comparison of parasite loads on asexual and sexual Phoxinus (Pisces: Cyprinidae)

In light of the inherent disadvantages of sexual reproduction, the existence of sex is often seen as a paradox. There are a variety of hypothetical benefits of sexual reproduction that may balance its disadvantages. The Red Queen hypothesis proposes that sexually reproducing species are better able to evolve resistance to parasites than asexually reproducing species. A prediction of the Red Queen hypothesis is that a parasite should evolve to preferentially exploit an asexual species over a sexual species. To test this central prediction of the Red Queen hypothesis, intensity of infection by the parasite Gyrodactylus eos Mayes, 1977 (Monogenea) was compared between sympatric asexual and sexual fish species in the genus Phoxinus Rafinesque, 1820. In each lake where these species coexist, the asexual fish should suffer higher intensities of infection than the sexual fish. In the majority of lakes sampled, there were more parasites on asexual than sexual fish.
The effects of forage preservation method and proportion of concentrate on nitrogen digestion and rumen fermentation in cattle

A 6 × 6 Latin square experiment with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to study forage preservation method and level of concentrate in a diet on organic matter (OM) and N digestion and rumen fermentation. Six bulls, each fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae, were given unwilted silage (S) or barndried grass (G) prepared simultaneously from the same timothy sward. The forages were fed together with 250 (L), 500 (M) or 750(H)g concentrate dry matter (DM)kg-1 total diet DM. The concentrate consisted of barley (875 gkg-1) and rapeseed meal (125g kg-1). The feeding level was 80g DMkg-1 live weight0·75. The apparent digestibility of OM was similar for S and G diets, and increased linearly (P < 0·001) with increasing level of concentrate. The flow of microbial N at the duodenum and the apparent efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen were higher (P < 0·05) with S than with G diets. Increasing the concentrate level increased linearly (P < 0·05) the amounts of total N and microbial N at the duodenum, whereas the synthetic efficiency was not significantly affected. The mean rumen pH decreased linearly (P < 0·001) from 6·43 to 6·03 with increasing concentrate level. The molar proportion of acetate (Ac) in the rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) showed a linear (P < 0·001) and quadratic (P < 0·01) decrease, and that of butyrate (Bu) a linear (P < 0·001) increase when the level of concentrate was increased. The proportion of propionate decreased slightly with both forages when the amount of concentrate was increased from level L to M. A further increase to level H increased propionate from 157 to 170 mmol mol-1 of total VFA with S and from 157 to 188 mmol mol-1 with G, the effect of concentrate level being not significant. The number of protozoa increased linearly (P < 0·001) as the level of concentrate increased. The changes in the rumen fermentation patterns during the feeding cycle were greater for S than for G diets.
Electric Load Forecasting Model for the State of Bahrain Network

The present paper presents a class of week series forecasting manner. This class, employed in the extent of long-term electric load forecasting, is based on F uzzy I nference C lustering ( FIC ) method along with ANN. The FIC is followed to arrange the operating week correctly. In the proposed algorithm, the FIC was used to evaluate the classes. The power of the proposed architecture is shown by one week in advance of Bahrain power system grid. The unfamiliar use of information obtaining from the arrangement stage permits the procedure used in finding a relevant enhancement of the forecast correctness for irregular load situations. The employed fuzzy clustering algorithm is useful also for linguistic modeling of an electric power demand used for higher hierarchy decision system. The algorithm is explained in detail and verified through a numerical example of state of Bahrain network.