Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of poly (phenyltrifluoroethoxyphosphazene) by direct reaction of trimethylsilyl azide with bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phenylphosphonite

The reaction between bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenylphosphonite and trimethylsilyl azide at temperatures from 70 to 120°C provides a mixture of bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)phosphoranimine and poly(phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene). The polymer is probably formed by phosphine azides intermediates because the phosphoranimine is thermally stable up to 200°C. The polymer is an amorphous stereorandom polymer with a T g at -31°C and shows a 10 % weight loss at 390°C in air
Composition and spatial distribution of metals and sulfur in urban roadside dust in Cancun, Mexico

Abstract The study investigated the concentration of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and S in urban dust samples of Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. This is the first study about urban dust pollution in Cancun. Urban dust samples were collected and divided in three groups: high traffic densities (HT), low traffic densities (LT), and fixed sources (FS). A statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation, Principal Component Analysis, and k-means clustering, in order to classify the data according to each sampling site. The behaviour of the corresponding concentration distributions is shown in cartographic data using Geographic Information Systems. Results from highest to lowest concentration, are as follows: S > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd. Concentrations were compared with NOM-147-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2004, USEPA guidelines, and atmospheric fallout in topsoil estimated by 100 years of accumulation. Almost all results meet the norm NOM-147-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2004 limit, and USEPA guideline, except Cr (two sites) and Pb (three sites). However, results at all sites are higher than the atmospheric fallout limit. The geo-accumulation index (I-geo) class presents the order: Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn > S>Cr > Ni. The research revealed that urban dust from sites with heavy traffic had the highest S, Zn and Pb concentrations, while sites considered as low traffic and fixed sources showed significantly high levels of S, Cr and Pb. The results indicate two major sources contributing to metals and sulfur in road dust: (1) traffic and emissions from vehicles, and (2) vehicular parts. Finally, the results reported in this work could be useful to the authorities in order to select priority sites to install emissions monitoring systems.
The strategic and realist perspectives: An ambiguous relationship

ABSTRACT This article aims at clearing up a widespread misunderstanding in previous research that the classical strategic perspective, based on the writings of Carl von Clausewitz and his contemporary followers, shares ontological assumptions with realism. Although both perspectives perceive a constant state of disharmony in international politics, they differ substantially in their assumptions about state-centrism, actor behaviour, and the role of unpredictability. As the relationship between the perspectives is ambiguous, the article argues that scholars should treat them as two separate theoretical entities. The greater scholarly relevance of the article lies in its contribution to conceptual clarity.
Exploring Youtube Marketing Communication Among 200 Leading National Advertisers

Abstract This study is designed to explore how 200 leading national advertisers use Youtube.com as their communication tool. Content analysis was utilized for exploring current YouTube marketing communications. The names of the 200 leading national advertisers in 2018, listed by Adage, were key word searched in the YouTube’s search engine, and the first ten YouTube videos were selected for analyses. Video sources, video types (User generated content vs. Professionally generated content), message tones (pros vs. cons), and message appeals (rational / humor/ fear / sensuality / bandwagon) were typologized in order to examine marketing communication via YouTube. In addition, characteristics of the YouTube marketing will be examined based on industry types of 200 leading national advertisers. This study provided insight into usage of the YouTube marketing communication among the 200 national leading national advertisers and managerial implications.
Investigating the effect of cutting conditions and tool geometry on surface roughness in dry end milling of Inconel 625 using TiAlSiN ultra hard coated solid carbide tool

ABSTRACT In aerospace and submarine industries, mechanical parts are designed & developed using nickel-based alloys, such as Inconel 625. In such applications, severe work hardening occurs, leading to poor surface quality. In this context, this study was conducted using an end mill with PVD TiAlSiN coating, under dry conditions, wherein four input variables were considered. Rotatable CCD technique of DoE was used to conduct the experimental plan. RSM was applied to develop a second-order mathematical model, with roughness parameter and process parameters to establish the relationship between them. ANOVA was carried out to test the significance of the model. From the model, it was observed that both the feed per tooth and radial depth of cut have a significant effect on surface roughness. Further, the interaction between the cutting speed and feed per tooth was also found significant. The study also demonstrated that the coated carbide tool has the potential to eliminate the usage of cutting fluid, thus taking care of the environmental concerns, as far as machining operations are concerned.
Banded karyotypes of the Northern pike, Esox lucius (Esocidae) in Turkey

In this study, cytogenetic properties of E. lucius in Sakarya River were investigated using standard Giemsa staining, C- and Ag-NOR banding techniques. The number of diploid chromosomes (2n) of individuals studied is 50 and karyotype consists of 50 acrocentric chromosomes with decreasing sizes. Secondary constriction was observed on the third autosomal pair in the karyotype. Morphologically distinguishable sex chromosomes were not detected in male and female individuals. Some chromosomes were centromeric C-positive, while some chromosomes were negative. Active NOR is localized in the pericentromeric region of the third autosomal pair and it is related to C-heterochromatin. Our results are similar to those of other studies and this result shows that the cytogenetic properties of the species are quite stable. Moreover, these results may contribute to the cytogenetic and phylogenetic studies of the Esox species in the future.
Neonatal outcome of second-stage cesarean delivery versus vacuum extraction among neonates <34 weeks

Abstract Objective Among deliveries <34 weeks, there is inconclusive evidence regarding the preferred route of delivery when there is a need to expedite delivery during the second stage of labor. As it is unreasonable that future randomized controlled trials will be conducted to settle this query, every clinical data concerning this topic, may be helpful. We aim to compare neonatal outcomes among women undergoing emergent cesarean delivery (ECD) versus vacuum-assisted delivery (VAD) during the second stage of labor among singleton gestations <34 weeks. Methods A retrospective cohort study including all women who underwent either ECD or VAD at the second stage of labor between 30°/7 and 336/7 weeks, during 2011–2019. The primary outcome was the rate of adverse neonatal outcomes, defined as intrapartum death, mechanical ventilation, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, subgaleal hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and phototherapy. Results Of the 153,672 live singleton deliveries during the study period, 2871 (1.9%) delivered before 34°/7. Of those 1674 (58.3%) delivered vaginally unassisted and 1137 (39.6%) delivered by a CD during the first stage of labor. A total of 60 deliveries were analyzed, with a median gestational age of 32 weeks, interquartile range (IQR) 31–33. Median birth weight at delivery was 1845 g, IQR 1574–2095. Overall 25 (42%) of women were delivered by VAD and 35 by CD (58%). Indications for expeditious delivery did not differ between the study groups. Neonates delivered by VAD had a higher median birth weight (1940 vs. 1620 g, p = .02). Second stage of labor was longer in the ECD group as compared to the VAD group (median 200 vs. 52 min, p = .01). The rate of Apgar score at 1 min <7 was higher among the CD group (10 (40%) vs. 5 (14%), OR [95% CI]: 4.0 (1.1–13.8), p = . 03). Longer length of stay was evident in the CD group as compared to the VAD group (median 30 vs. 21 days, p = .001). The rate of composite neonatal adverse outcome was comparable between the study groups. Adverse outcomes were associated with lower body mass index (median 27.7 vs. 34.9, p = .04), higher rate of premature preterm rupture of membranes (40 (91%) vs. 5 (31%), OR [95% CI]: 22.0 (5.0–91.1), p < . 001) and labor dystocia as the indication for expedited delivery (38 (86%) vs. 7 (44%), OR [95% CI]: 8.1 (2.1–30.1), p = . 001). Conclusions Cesarean delivery during the second stage of labor of gestations <34 weeks was associated with a higher rate of lower Apgar scores and longer length of stay. Synopsis Delivery by second stage CD of premature neonates <34 weeks is associated with a higher rate of lower Apgar score.
Predicting Covid-19 Preventive Healthy Behaviors Based on Dysfunctional Attitudes in Five Countries

Background: Dysfunctional attitudes are biased assumptions and beliefs that the subject has toward himself, his surroundings, and the future world. Objectives: The present study aimed to predict COVID-19 preventive healthy behaviors based on dysfunctional attitudes in five countries. Methods: This was a descriptive, correlational study, and the statistical population of the study included all individuals over the age of 18 years residing in Iran, Australia, England, Sweden, and Canada. Subjects were selected by the voluntary sampling method in the Spring of 2020. In total, 498 electronic questionnaires encompassing three sections of demographic characteristics, dysfunctional attitude scale (1987), and COVID-19 preventive health behaviors questionnaire (2020) were completed online. In addition, data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. Results: In this study, there was a significant negative relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and COVID-19 preventive healthy behaviors (P < 0.001). In addition, perfectionism, gender, and age predicted healthy behaviors (P < 0/001). The results of the comparison of Iran with other countries also demonstrated a significant reverse correlation between dysfunctional attitudes and healthy behaviors (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant association between marital status, age, level of education, gender (P < 0.001), and economic status (P < 0.05) with healthy behaviors in Iran while no significant relationship was observed in other countries studied in this regard. Conclusions: It is suggested that workshops on changing dysfunctional attitudes and strengthening positive attitudes in community members be held in-person or via cyberspace before or during the occurrence of crises such as the COVID-19 outbreak.
Photophysics of Fac-Tris(2-Phenylpyridine) Iridium(III) Cored Electroluminescent Dendrimers in Solution and Films

We present time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies of novel first- and second-generation electrophosphorescent fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] cored dendrimers and compare them with neat films of molecular Ir(ppy)3. A PL quantum yield of ∼0.8 is observed in blends of the dendrimers with 4,4‘-bis(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP) at room temperature, and the natural radiative lifetime of the emissive state (1.5 μs) is observed to be the same for dendrimers and molecular Ir(ppy)3. Quenching of the PL occurs in neat films, because of an energy transfer to less-emissive sites, which have ∼10 times lower oscillator strength. The PL quenching rate in spin-coated films of the first- and second-generation dendrimers is slower by a factor of 11 and 20, respectively, as compared to neat Ir(ppy)3 films prepared by evaporation. Dendrimer films showed a much smoother surface than Ir(ppy)3 films, which is consistent with more extensive aggregation of molecular Ir(ppy)3 than dendrimers.
Fractional characterization of fluid and synergistic effects of free convective flow in circular pipe through Hankel transform

Although heat transfer by transient free convection has been investigated with different cross sections such as elliptical cones, rectangular or square ducts, and triangular plates, none of the analytical study of a circular cylinder in free space via fractional calculus approaches with sinusoidal conditions is explored. This manuscript presents fractional modeling of a circular cylinder to observe the heat transfer by transient free convection flow subject to the sinusoidal boundary conditions. The fractionalized mathematical model is solved via Hankel and Laplace transforms through two types of fractional calculus approaches called Atangana–Baleanu and Caputo–Fabrizio differential operators. The governing equations of the circular cylinder have been coupled for the sake of thermally interacting effects for knowing the hidden role of a particular geometry, viz., circular cylinder. In the literature, the analytic solutions for concentration, temperature, and velocity have been explored by means of Mittage–Leffler functions. The comparative investigation of heat transfer based on embedded rheological parameters such as the Prandtl number (Pr), Schmidt number (Sc), thermal Grashof number (Gr), and mass Grashof number (Gc) has been depicted as graphs via Atangana–Baleanu and Caputo–Fabrizio differential operators.
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Liver Fibrosis

Liver cirrhosis is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. In addition to viral hepatitis, genetic conditions such as steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and Wilson’s disease can also lead to cirrhosis. Moreover, alcohol can cause cirrhosis on its own and exacerbate chronic liver disease from other causes. The treatment of cirrhosis can be divided into addressing the cause of cirrhosis and reversing liver fibrosis. To this date, there is still no clear consensus on the treatment of cirrhosis. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in potential treatments that modulate the gut microbiota and gut-liver axis for the treatment of cirrhosis. According to recent studies, modulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics ameliorates the progression of liver disease. The precise mechanism for relieving cirrhosis via gut microbial modulation has not been identified. This paper summarizes the role and effects of the gut microbiome in cirrhosis based on experimental and clinical studies on absorbable antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Moreover, it provides evidence of a relationship between the gut microbiome and liver cirrhosis.
Numerical modeling of carrier gas flow in atomic layer deposition vacuum reactor: A comparative study of lattice Boltzmann models

This paper characterizes the carrier gas flow in the atomic layer deposition (ALD) vacuum reactor by introducing Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to the ALD simulation through a comparative study of two LBM models. Numerical models of gas flow are constructed and implemented in two-dimensional geometry based on lattice Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (LBGK)-D2Q9 model and two-relaxation-time (TRT) model. Both incompressible and compressible scenarios are simulated and the two models are compared in the aspects of flow features, stability, and efficiency. Our simulation outcome reveals that, for our specific ALD vacuum reactor, TRT model generates better steady laminar flow features all over the domain with better stability and reliability than LBGK-D2Q9 model especially when considering the compressible effects of the gas flow. The LBM-TRT is verified indirectly by comparing the numerical result with conventional continuum-based computational fluid dynamics solvers, and it shows very good agreement with these convent.
First-principles study of hydrogen diffusion in transition metal Rhodium

In this study, the diffuse pattern and path of hydrogen in transition metal rhodium are investigated by the first-principles calculations. Density functional theory is used to calculate the system energies of hydrogen atom occupying different positions in rhodium crystal lattice. The results indicate that the most stable position of hydrogen atom in rhodium crystal lattice locates at the octahedral interstice, and the tetrahedral interstice is the second stable site. The activation barrier energy for the diffusion of atomic hydrogen in transition metal rhodium is quantified by determining the most favorable path, i.e., the minimum-energy pathway for diffusion, that is the indirect octahedral-tetrahedral-octahedral (O-T-O) pathway, and the activation energy is 0.8345eV.
The role of gender in linking external sources of knowledge and R&D intensity

ABSTRACT Scholars examining the effect of knowledge spillovers on R&D and innovation all agree on one thing – there is a strong relationship between the firm's R&D effort and knowledge spillover. The sign of this relationship depends, however, on many things, such as the type of spillovers (horizontal, vertical, or from other sources), the level of appropriability, the type of firm (e.g. age and sector), and the measurement of the spillover itself. A missing piece of evidence to this literature is the role of gender in the founding team of the firm. Our contribution is to fill this gap by explicitly analysing the role played by gender in the founding team. Given that the relationship between a firm's R&D intensity and external knowledge spillovers is ultimately context-specific, we analyse the differences between male-owned and female-owned young entrepreneurial firms with respect to the influence that knowledge spillovers have on their R&D intensity.
Use of metal chelating agents to differentiate among sources of acute aquatic toxicity

Metals are common toxicants found in effluents and other environmental samples. Within Toxicity Identification Evaluation methods proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and others, addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used as an indicator of metal toxicity. Previous experiments showed that addition of sodium thiosulfate, originally included to detect toxicity due to oxidants, was also effective at reducing toxicity from some common metals. in the present study, the authors characterized the effectiveness of both EDTA and thiosulfate in removing the toxicity of 16 different metal ions to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition removed toxicity associated with all cationic metals tested except for Cr{sup 3+}, Fe{sup 2+}, Al{sup 3+}, and Ag{sup +}. Thiosulfate addition was less effective than EDTA for Zn{sup 2+}, Mn{sup 2+}, Pb{sup 2+}, and Ni{sup 2+}, but reduced toxicity of both Ag{sup +} and selenite (Se[VI]), which EDTA did not. Results of this research can be used to categorize metal toxicity in unknown samples based on the response to additions of EDTA and thiosulfate.
Lean Thinking and Industrial 4.0 Approach to Achieving Construction 4.0 for Industrialization and Technological Development

The construction industry is responsible for the infrastructural and physical development of nations and plays a pivotal role in determining economic equilibrium of nations of the world; hence, there is a need for constant evolving of advanced ways of carrying out construction operations. The concept has led to the evolution of Construction 4.0, which entails harmonizing disruption in technological applications to enhance construction productivity. The study, therefore, provides an attempt at evolving an enhanced approach to improve construction processes and resource management through application of lean construction and Industry 4.0. The purposive sampling method was used in this study to collect data. The data collection instrument consists of a structured questionnaire designed in a Likert scale of 1 to 5 distributed to 100 construction professionals through an online method that is actively involved in construction operations. The following parameters were censored and profiled, while the results are in tables and charts. The parameters include areas of lean thinking that could enhance Construction 4.0, areas of disruption in Industry 4.0 that influence Construction 4.0 advancement and parameters for practical integrating of lean thinking approach and Industry 4.0. Additionally, the influence of Industry 4.0 in technological development for the construction industry, disruptive innovation of Industry 4.0 and gains towards Construction 4.0. Furthermore, the relevance of Construction 4.0 in construction productivity, the importance of Construction 4.0, industrial application drivers in achieving Construction 4.0, future of Construction 4.0, achieving automation goal in construction and performance expectation of lean thinking and Industry 4.0 in the construction industry are found necessary. Simple percentage, Spearman rankings, Chi-square test, Student-T test, Mann–Whitney-U test and Relative Agreement and Importance index are the tools used to process the data. The study discovered, among others, the veracity of contingency approach in harnessing attributes of the lean thinking concept and disruptive applications in achieving Construction 4.0. The study recommends the application of the hybrid model suggested in the study as a guide to deployment of an application that could help in industrial productivity.
Solid‐state 13C and 129Xe NMR study of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)/lactosilated chitosan gels

Dry and hydrated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gels with 55% (a-PVA) and 61% (s-PVA) syndiotacticity and related PVA/lactyl chitosan (LC) blends have been inves- tigated with 129 Xe and cross-polarization/magic-angle-spinning 13 C NMR techniques. Although the dry gels exhibit two broad 129 Xe resonances in the slow-to-intermediate exchange limit, both hydrated gels show three resonances. The corresponding dry blends exhibit two signals, the chemical shifts and line widths of which change with respect to those of pure PVA, whereas one (a-PVA/LC) or two (s-PVA/LC) signals appear in the spectra of the hydrated blends. A comparative analysis of the data demonstrates that LC rearranges the domains of the polymeric matrix in both the dry and hydrated blends according to the syndiotacticity of the PVA chains. Information on the molecular motions of the amorphous and swollen polymeric domains in the kilohertz range has been obtained from an analysis of the spin-lattice relaxation times. These data indicate that the dynamics and arrangement of the PVA chains in the gels are strongly affected by their tacticity and the addition of the copolymer LC. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J