Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biologia comparada de Tetranychus urticae em cultivares de algodoeiro. II. Tabela de vida de fertilidade

This paper is part of a research that aims to evaluate the Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) behavior in cotton cultivars IAC-17, IAC-18 and IAC-19. The biological cycle data has been already submitted in a previous work. In order to elaborate the life tables, two experiments were conducted, 1980/81 and 1981/82, with temperatures between 24,0 and 26,0 °C, air relative humidity between 52,0 and 62,0%, and photoperiod of 14 hours. Individualized mites were observed daily on leaf disks. Under these conditions, there was no statistical difference among the cultivars relative to the daily egg-laying capacity of T. urticae, but less mites have survived on ‘IAC-19’. Besides that, the mites occurring on this cultivar have presented the lowest net reproductive rate.
Conjugation of Blocked Ricin to an Anti-CD19 Monoclonal Antibody Increases Antibody-Induced Cell Calcium Mobilization and CD19 Internalization

CD19 (B4) is a signal transduction molecule restricted to the B-cell lineage and the target of the immunotoxin anti-B4–blocked ricin (anti-B4–bR), which is composed of the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) anti-B4 and the modified plant toxin blocked ricin. To explore the influence of conjugation of blocked ricin to anti-B4 on functional activation of CD19, we investigated the effects of anti-B4–bR, and that of unconjugated anti-B4, on intracellular calcium mobilization and ligand/receptor internalization. The data showed that anti-B4–bR was more potent than anti-B4 in triggering cell calcium mobilization. Two other immunotoxins that bind to the B-cell surface, anti-CD20–bR and anti-CD38–bR, were devoid of the calcium increasing effect of anti-B4–bR. Furthermore, anti-B4 conjugated to ricin A-chain was also without effect in Namalwa cells, indicating that the ricin B-chain component was required for anti-B4–bR effect. Anti-B4–bR-induced calcium mobilization was inhibited in the presence of lactose, yet the calcium response induced by cross-linking anti-B4–bR with a second step antibody was not affected. The extent of CD19 modulation induced by anti-B4–bR was higher than that induced by anti-B4, and lactose dampened the effect of the immunotoxin down to that of the MoAb. Moreover, the number of internalized immunotoxin molecules was higher than that of unconjugated MoAb. Although a mechanism involving dimerization of the immunotoxin cannot be excluded, our findings suggest that the residual binding activity of the blocked ricin B-chain to cell surface molecules plays an important role in the greater calcium fluxes and greater internalization rate of anti-B4–bR, and is of functional significance in the mechanism of intoxication of cells by the immunotoxin.
The Relationship of Spasticity and Impairments in Force Regulation and Neuromuscular Fatigue Post Stroke

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SPASTICITY AND IMPAIRMENTS IN FORCE REGULATION AND NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE POST STROKE Reivian Berrios Barillas, DPT Marquette University, 2015 Hyperreflexia that causes muscle spasticity may contribute to limitations in force regulation and walking ability post stroke. Additionally, neuromuscular fatigue may reduce force regulation, which is important because fatigue can assist to strengthen muscles that control walking. Hyperreflexia may be caused by cortical disinhibition that allows Ia afferents to amplify excitatory synaptic inputs to motoneuron pools. Cortical disinhibition is presumably caused by stroke-related motor cortex damage. Although, other excitatory synaptic sources to motoneurons contribute to motor control, hyperreflexia may be one contributor that affects stroke survivors. However, hyperreflexia is reported infrequently to effect force regulation post stroke. The goal was to quantify stroke related hyperreflexia with (out) a fatiguing condition and relate the findings to clinical function. To investigate how hyperreflexia affected force regulation in a nonfatiguing condition, stimulus frequency was examined in the soleus H-reflex response of stroke survivors and healthy controls. The H-reflex is an electrical analog of the stretch reflex and gives insight into the monosynaptic sensory pathway. After repetitive stimulation, stroke survivors had less H-reflex depression as compared to controls. Additionally, the slowest walking stroke survivors had less H-reflex depression. These results may indicate hyperreflexia contributes to rate depression and walking speed post stroke. Further implications on how hyperreflexia affected force regulation were investigated with patellar tendon tap (TT) responses during a fatiguing knee extensor task in stroke survivors and healthy controls. Additionally, the contributions of voluntary muscle strength, neural drive and involuntary muscle property responses were probed. Central mechanisms may primarily affect force regulation after fatigue because stroke survivors had less muscle property and maximal voluntary contraction reductions, along with greater voluntary activation reduction as compared to controls. Likewise, stroke survivors had higher post TT responses and less TT change after fatigue, which may suggest hyperreflexia with paresis may contribute to decreased force regulation. Additionally, stroke survivors with fewer baseline central impairments had less clinical dysfunctions. Hyperreflexia and impairments in the nervous system may decrease force regulation post stroke. Moreover, quantitative metrics of neuromuscular impairments may relate to clinical function measures, which may reveal central mechanisms need to be treated to improve force regulation.
I. Structure and topography of the enteric nerve plexuses using neuron-specific enolase immunohistochemistry*

The general morphological features of the intramural enteric nervous system of a chelonian species, i.e. the red-eared turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans, has been studied in whole-mounts and cryosections by means of neuron-specific enolase immunohistochemistry. A clear visualization of both neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibres allows the recognition of a myenteric plexus as well as a submucous plexus in several gut regions, namely the stomach, midgut and hindgut. The highest innervation density was found in the midgut portion. In contrast to other lower vertebrates, such as amphibians and other reptilian groups, the present study clearly demonstrates the occurrence of neuronal cell bodies in the submucous plexus of all regions investigated. The neurons stained for neuron-specific enolase harboured smooth-contoured perikarya from which one or more processes emerge, as demonstrated for the mammalian enteric nervous system.
Tobacco prevalence and usage pattern among Bengaluru urban slum dwellers

Background: Tobacco use is one of the important preventable causes of death and a leading public health problem all over the world. Tobacco is killing half of the people who use it. Globally, it kills nearly 6 million people. If current trends continue, by 2030 tobacco use is estimated to kill more than 8 million people worldwide each year. Present study carried out to determine prevalence and pattern of tobacco usage among urban slum dwellers . Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in urban slum of the urban health training center area of VIMS & RC, Bengaluru. Among adults aged 18 years and above, sample size of 370 selected by simple random sampling and interviewed by using semi structured questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of current tobacco users is 84.3% of which 28.9% are daily users. The commonest cause for starting tobacco use was due to offering in occasions (31.2%) and for maintenance was addiction (57.4%). Cigarettes (15.1%) and beedis (15.1%) were common smoking forms of tobacco and Betel quid with tobacco (40.3%) and pan masala (28.6%) were most common smokeless forms. Among the subjects 45.7% are exposed to second hand smoke in their homes, 63.2% are aware of health hazards, 95.71% are willing to quit tobacco at some point of time. Conclusions: Prevalence of tobacco use is high in the urban slums and many more are exposed to second hand smoke. Many want to quit tobacco but are unable to get proper assistance.
Effect of pod maturation on vegetative growth, fruit yield and seed germination of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench).

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of stage of pod maturity on vegetative growth, yield and seed germination of three varieties of okra; Accra No. 2, Clemson Spineless and Labadi Dwarf. Pods were harvested 6,12,18,24 and 30 days after anthesis. Fresh fruit yield of plants harvested 6 days after anthesis was two times those harvested 30 days after anthesis. Percentage germination however, increased with pod age, with mean percentage germination of 0.0, 4.0, 38.0, 79.0, and 84.0 obtained from pods harvested at 6,12,18,24 and 30 days after anthesis, respectively. Plants on which pods were allowed to dry showed stunted growth. It is therefore recommended that pods should be harvested at 6 days after anthesis for fresh fruits and 24 days for seed production. Keywords : pod maturity, pod yield, seed germination, okra, Abelmoschus escunlentus (L.) Moench Agricultural and Food Science Journal of Ghana Vol. 3 2004: 227-235
INDUÇÃO E SINCRONIZAÇÃO DO ESTRO E DA OVULAÇÃO EM CABRAS LEITEIRAS SAANEN COM USO DE DISPOSITIVOS VAGINAIS ASSOCIADOS OU NÃO À eCG OU EFEITO MACHO

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficiencia de tres metodos de sincronizacao do estro em cabras leiteiras. Foram utilizadas 59 cabras Saanen distribuidas em tres grupos: G-1 (n=20) usou-se esponjas impregnadas com 60mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MAP), G-2 (n=19) e G-3 (n=20) com CIDR® contendo progesterona natural (P4). Os dispositivos do G-1 permaneceram nos animais por 11 dias, no nono dia aplicou-se 250UI de eCG e 50µg de PGF2α. No G-2 e G-3 os CIDR® permaneceram nas femeas por 5 dias; no terceiro dia aplicou-se 50µg de PGF2α e, somente no G-2, 250UI de eCG, na retirada do dispositivo. No G-3, 48 h antes da retirada do dispositivo iniciou-se o efeito macho. As montas naturais foram realizadas 20 h apos a deteccao do estro. A resposta estral para o G-1 e G-2 foi de 100% e 90% no G-3. O intervalo medio entre o fim do tratamento e o inicio do estro foi de 31,53±2,81 h (MAP), 24,39±1,21 h (CIDR®+ eCG) e 43,56±2,19 h (CIDR®+ efeito macho). As taxas de gestacao, paricao e prolificidade foram de 95%, 80% e 1,83 no G-1, de 52,6%, 47% e 1,77 para o G-2 e 61,1%, 50% e 1,70 no G-3, respectivamente. Quando comparado com a esponja e CIDR®+ efeito macho, o CIDR®+ eCG antecipa o inicio do estro e o sincroniza melhor, por outro lado, a baixa taxa de gestacao e paricao do CIDR® em relacao a esponja, nos revela, que nessas condicoes experimentais, a esponja e melhor que o CIDR®. Palavras-Chave: Caprinos, reproducao, CIDR®, protocolo curto.
Designing a Continuing Professional Development Programme for Enhancing the Teaching Skills of Teachers of the Arabic Language

The literature shows that there are limitations in continuing professional development (CPD) programmes that prevent teachers of the Arabic language (TALs) at elementary schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) from benefitting fully from these programmes to enhance their teaching skills. To resolve this problem, this study was undertaken, utilising the principles of andragogy as the theoretical framework and employing evaluation research as a methodology. The methodology consisted of four phases. The first (exploratory) phase involved administering a needs analysis questionnaire to 39 male TALs to identify the teaching skills they required, then conducting semi-structured interviews with six male TALs (who would also participate in the second, third and fourth phases), to elicit their views on the characteristics of effective CPD that would help to improve their teaching skills. The outcomes of this exploratory phase were considered in constructing the development phase, in which two experts took part, and the execution phase, which established the procedures for planning and implementing the CPD programme. Finally, the evaluation phase identified the requirements that the CPD programme must meet in order to improve the target group’s teaching skills in the next stage of its design. It concluded that the CPD programme designed for this study was capable of addressing the stated problem. Based upon the outcomes of the above four phases, the study resulted in the design of a relevant CPD programme to improve TALs’ teaching skills and one that was suitable in the context of CPD in the KSA.
POTENTIAL OF CARBON STORAGE OF RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis MÜLL. ARG.) PLANTATIONS IN MONOCULTURE AND AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN THE COLOMBIAN AMAZON

Carbon sequestration potential of rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) plantations was estimated in two production systems: monoculture and agroforestry system with copoazAo ( Theobroma grandiflorum ), on farms of Florencia, El Doncello and BelA©n de los AndaquA­es, in northeastern Colombian Amazon, department of CaquetAi. The plantations were classified into three age classes, according to their productive stage: 1-7, 8-20 and > 20 years. The carbon storage was estimated using the methodology proposed by Andrade and Ibrahim (2003) and recommended by IPCC (2003) . Tree carbon sinks were evaluated: above and below ground biomass, and necromass. The highest proportion of carbon storage was found in biomass, with 95 and 92% in monoculture plantations and agroforestry systems, respectively. In both types of production systems, carbon storage is a function of tree age and density. The carbon stored in monoculture plantations was higher than in agroforestry systems, due to a greater density of rubber trees in the first production system. This study confirms that rubber plantations have potential to capture and store atmospheric carbon. With this information, the issue of participating in carbon markets of the rubber production chain can be addressed, and therefore strengthen in the regionâ€™s competitiveness and sustainability.
EFFECT OF REPLACING MAIZE WITH Guazuma ulmifolia FRUITS ON PELIBUEY SHEEP PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS YIELD

This work was done in order to evaluate the productive performance of fattening pelibuey lambs, carcass yield and the production costs when maize grain was replaced by grounded Guazuma ulmifolia fruit at 15 and 26% in their diet. An analysis of variance with a covariate design (initial weight and at slaughter) was used and the difference between means was compared with the Tukey's test (P> 0.05). A chemical analysis of the fruit was performed along with in vitro and in situ digestibility. 27 male and female lambs were used at an average weight of 16.159 ± 3.615 kg. Food Intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and costs of the feed portions were evaluated. The animals were slaughtered at an average weight of 38.258 ± 3.684 kg. 4 male lambs were randomly assigned to each one of the treatments. Carcass and loin length, average leg, forequarters, spine, ribs and loin weight, warm carcass weight and yield; and price per kilogram of the warm carcass produced were obtained. The G . umlifolia fruit chemical analysis showed content of (%): 12.8 CP, 63.5 NDF, 54 ADF, 70 TND, 51 in vitro and 48.3 in situ digestibility, a=6.5 and b=37.5 and c= 0.025. Final weight in kg were for T1, T2 and T3 30.422 ± 4.790, 29.336 ± 5.802 and 28.456 ± 4.907 respectively; total weight gain were 13.911 ± 2.742 a and 13.489 ± 4.144 a 12.356 ± 2.339 b Kg (P<0.05) in treatments 1, 2 and 3. Average feed conversion was 6.72:1 for the three treatments. The guasima fruit had a positive impact in the production cost there was a reduction per kilogram of produced meat up to 9 and 22% in T2 and T3 respectively. No significant differences were found between treatments for yield, carcass and meat production (P<0.05). In T1 was 46.69 ± 2.91%, 49.06 ± 2.20% T2 and 45.73 ± 2.64 % in T3. It is concluded that under the conditions of this experiment, it is feasible to feed pelibuey lambs with G. ulmifolia fruit up to 15% in substitution for maize grain without affecting yield and improving the economic efficiency.
Geographic variation in Incilius occidentalis (Anura: Bufonidae), an endemic toad from Mexico, with a redescription of the species and delimitation of the type locality

A taxonomic revision of the populations referable to the wide ranging species Incilius occidentalis wasconducted based on 10 morphometric variables and other external morphological traits. Thirty three populations weregeographically defined from more than 220 locality records of the species. A brief summary of the nomenclaturalhistory of this species is presented and the external morphological variation is analyzed. Incilius occidentalis is hereredescribed on the basis of comparisons with the 3 specimens housed at the Old Collection of the Torino Museum,and over 850 specimens held at several herpetological collections. Statistical analysis using principal componentsanalysis (PCA) demonstrated that SVL concentrates the main part of the variance observed in these populations. Nodistinguishable populations were detected on the basis of morphometric differences using the Tukey HSD analysis.Body proportions are fairly similar between the 33 populations defined, suggesting the idea that the typical body shapeof the bufonid genera is also perceived in this species. The species I. occidentalis is fully redescribed, 1 lectotypeand 2 paralectotypes are designated. The geographic range of this species is accurately defined and the type localityis restricted to the City of Guanajuato, and surroundings, Mexico.
T-lymphocyte production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α is critical to the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to the liver, lung, and spleen during graft-versus-host disease

To investigate the mechanism by which macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) affects graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the expression and function of MIP-1alpha in 2 murine models of GVHD were evaluated. In irradiated class I and class II disparate recipients, the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein for MIP-1alpha was significantly increased in GVHD target organs after transfer of allogeneic lymphocytes compared to syngeneic lymphocytes. When lymphocytes unable to make MIP-1alpha were transferred, there was a decrease in the production of MIP-1alpha in the liver, lung, and spleen of bm1 (B6.C-H2(bm1)/By) and bm12 (B6.C-H2(bm12)/KhEg) recipients compared to the transfer of wild-type splenocytes. At day 6 there was a 4-fold decrease in the number of transferred CD8(+) T cells in the lung and approximately a 2-fold decrease in the number of CD8(+) T cells in the liver and spleen in bm1 recipients after transfer of MIP-1alpha-deficient (MIP-1alpha(-/-)) splenocytes compared to wild-type (MIP-1alpha(+/+)) splenocytes. These differences persisted for 13 days after splenocyte transfer. In contrast, the number of donor CD4(+) T cells found in the liver and lung was significantly increased after the transfer of MIP-1alpha(-/-) compared to wild-type splenocytes in bm12 recipients from day 6 through day 10. Thus, the transfer of allogeneic T cells was associated with the enhanced expression of MIP-1alpha in both a class I and class II mismatch setting. However, the increased expression only led to enhanced recruitment of CD8(+), but not CD4(+), donor T cells. Production of MIP-1alpha by donor T cells is important in the occurrence of GVHD and functions in a tissue-dependent fashion.
Subclinical hypoperfusion in trauma patients and its influence on surgical fracture fixation: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Subclinical hypoperfusion (SCH) is present when cellular hypoxia persists in the presence of normal vital signs. Its presence, as well as duration, is associated with poor patient outcomes. Different terminology and various definitions exist for SCH. Methods A systematic review was performed on the terminology and definitions used for SCH. Meta-analysis was performed on patients presenting with SCH. Primary study outcomes were mortality, ICU length of stay, and hospital length of stay. When surgical fracture fixation was performed, we compared the incidence of postoperative ventilation, respiratory complications and infective complications in SCH patients to patients without SCH. Results Eight observational studies were eligible for systematic review and meta-analysis. SCH is more commonly known as occult hypoperfusion, and lactate ≥ 2.5 mmol/L has been used most commonly to define hypoperfusion. Patients presenting with SCH had an increased mortality risk ratio of 4.02 (CI 2.62, 6.16). There was a non-significant increase in the standard mean difference for hospital length of stay for patients with SCH (1.21 days, 95% CI [−0.22, 2.64]). When haemodynamically stable trauma patients underwent surgical fracture fixation prior to correction of SCH they were at increased risk for post-operative ventilation (RR 2.54, 95% CI [1.56, 4.12]) as well as respiratory (OR 3.88, 95% CI [1.38, 10.89]) and infective complications (OR 5.54, 95% CI [2.02, 15.15]). Conclusions Trauma patients appearing haemodynamically stable should be screened for SCH, especially when early surgical fracture fixation is required.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE MALE GROWING RABBITS

SUMMARY The study aimed to investigate growth performance, blood components and slaughter traits of NZW male growing (broiler) rabbits (78 animals) as affected by dietary supplementation with calcium, sodium or potassium during 3 months in each of summer and winter, in Egypt. Effects of seasons of the year on the same traits, were also studied. Live body weight, daily body gain weight, serum total protein, albumin, globulin (blood components), urea-N, creatinine (kidney function), AST (Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and ALT (Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) (liver function), pre-slaughter weight and adjusted weights of carcass, fore-part, hind-part and head of New Zealand White (NZW ) male rabbits were significantly (P 0.001, 0.01 or 0.05) on final live body weight, daily body gain weight, serum total protein and albumin, pre-slaughter weight and adjusted weights of liver, carcass intermediate and hind parts and head of NZW male rabbit. The magnitude of improvement was the highest with potassium bicarbonate (300 mg/kg diet) followed by calcium oxide (100 mg/kg diet), in winter. In summer, the highest improvement obtained was with sodium chloride (150 mg/kg diet) supplementation. At the same time, the interaction effects of the other mineral supplements on the studied traits were negative in the two seasons Pre-slaughter weight significantly affected (P>0.001 or 0.01) adjusted weights of carcass, liver, fore part, intermediate part, hind part and head.
Improving standards in clinical record-keeping

Patients’ records are among the most basic of clinical tools and are involved in almost every consultation. They are there to give a clear and accurate picture of the care and treatment of patients and to assist in making sure they receive the best possible clinical care. They help doctors to communicate with other doctors, with other healthcare professionals and with themselves (Medical Defence Union, 2003), and are essential to ensure that an individual’s assessed needs are met comprehensively and in good time. Psychiatric practice has moved from the unidisci­ plinary out­patient clinic and specialist in­patient assessment, with separate records being kept by each discipline, to the long­term management of chronic illness. The latter involves delegated and dispersed responsibility within teams comprising different disciplines and agencies and working from different sites, with emphasis on clinical guidelines and risk management. The tasks can be summarised as: