Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a three-phase reacting flow computer model for analysis of petroleum cracking

A general computational fluid dynamics computer code (ICRKFLO) has been developed for the simulation of the multi-phase reacting flow in a petroleum fluid catalytic cracker riser. ICRKFLO has several unique features. A new integral reaction submodel couples calculations of hydrodynamics and cracking kinetics by making the calculations more efficient in achieving stable convergence while still preserving the major physical effects of reaction processes. A new coke transport submodel handles the process of coke formation in gas phase reactions and the subsequent deposition on the surface of adjacent particles. The code was validated by comparing with experimental results of a pilot scale fluid cracker unit. The code can predict the flow characteristics of gas, liquid, and particulate solid phases, vaporization of the oil droplets, and subsequent cracking of the oil in a riser reactor, which may lead to a better understanding of the internal processes of the riser and the impact of riser geometry and operating parameters on the riser performance.
Trends and Planning to use Contraception Tools in Women of Childbearing Age

The implementation of family planning can reduce the burden of development for the realization of the happiness and welfare of the people of Indonesia. The choice of an appropriate contraceptive method and following the conditions and needs can prevent a significant population growth rate. This study aims to analyze trends in the use of contraceptives and planning for contraceptive use among women of childbearing age in the province of West Sulawesi. The design used in this study was a cross-sectional survey using secondary data sources from the 2017 IDHS West Sulawesi province. The study population was all merried women in Indonesia with a sample size of 1682 peoples. The results showed that age group, education level, residence, and socioeconomic status influence the propensity for use and planning for the use of contraceptives. Whereas literacy only affects the planning of contraceptive use. A special approach is needed for women and their husbands to convince them of the benefits of using contraceptive devices to prosper their lives.
Treatment outcomes and factors associated with “successful treatment” among tuberculosis patients at peripheral health settings of Northern Ethiopia: a registry-based retrospective case-series analysis.

Objective: Evidence on treatment outcomes and identifying factors facilitating treatment success through a register based retrospective study have significant contribution in the improvement of a national tuberculosis program. This study was aimed at determining treatment outcomes and factors associated with “successful treatment” outcomes. Results: A total of 3445 patient records were included. More than half, (58%) were males and the mean age was 33.88 ± 16.91 years (range: 0-90). From the total TB patients, 18.8% were HIV co infected. The treatment outcome of TB patients were 371 (10.8%) cured, 2234 (64.8) treatment completed, died 119 (3.5%) died, 9 (0.3%) failed, 178 (5.1%) defaulted and 534 (15.5%) were transferred out. The overall treatment success rate was 89.5%. The overall treatment success rate was 87% in year 2009-2010 to 92.8% in 2013-2014 with 6.67% change in the outcome indicator over the five years period. Among pulmonary TB, pulmonary negative TB and extra pulmonary TB the rate of successful treatment outcome was 83.1% to 89%, 85.1% to 89.4%, and 87.4% to 92%, respectively in the year 2009-2010 to 2013-2014. The percentage of the overall successful treatment outcomes were significantly associated with the year of treatment (p- =0.014).
Virtual Environments for Dismounted Soldier Training and Performance: Results, Recommendations, and Issues.

Abstract : The U.S. Army has made a considerable investment in the use of virtual environments (VE) to train combat forces, to evaluate new systems and operational concepts, and to rehearse specific missions. While these simulations have predominately focused on training and simulation for mounted soldiers, there is also a need to train infantry and other dismounted soldiers. Although VEs have the potential to immerse dismounted soldiers directly in simulations, there are few successful examples of the use of VE to provide effective training. The effective use of VE for training requires identification of the types of tasks for which VE training is most appropriate, the characteristics of VE systems that are required to provide effective training, and the training strategies that are most appropriate for use with VE. This report presents recommendations for the use of VE for dismounted soldier training and mission rehearsal, and identifies needed future research. They are based on the results of an ARI in-house research program, related programs in which ARI scientists have participated, and the work of other VE researchers. Recommendations include types of tasks for which training in VE is and is not appropriate, interface design recommendations, and ways to reduce side- and alter-effects.
Effectiveness of integrative learning models in improving understanding of mathematical concepts

This research is whether the integrative learning model is effective in increasing understanding of mathematical concepts. The integrative learning model is intended to practice critical thinking skills and develop a deep understanding of building systematic knowledge simultaneously using a variety of thinking skills. The pretest-posttest control group design was used in the quasi-experimental design of this study. This research was conducted in Senior High School (SHS) 6 Kendari class XI.2 as an experimental class and XI.4 as a control class. The experimental class is taught the integrative learning model, while the control class is taught by the direct learning model. The results of this study are: (1) the integrative learning model can increase the average value of students 'understanding of mathematical concepts from 𝑋̅ = 60.56 to 𝑋̅ = 77.61 and the average understanding of students' mathematical concepts increases from 𝑋̅ = 60.11 to 𝑋̅ = 68.87 with direct learning models, (2) integrative and direct learning models are effective in increasing understanding of mathematical concepts, and (3) integrative learning models are more effective in improving understanding of mathematical concepts compared to direct learning models. mathematical concepts in the control group before being taught with the direct learning model spreads from 48.00 to 68.00, with an average of 60.11 and a standard deviation of 5.93. After being given a direct learning model, understanding of mathematical concepts spread from 52.94 to 76.47, with an average of 68.87 and a standard deviation of 5.28. These results indicate that students' understanding of mathematical concepts after being given direct learning increases. Improved understanding of students' mathematical concepts visually are explained in Figure 2 below.
Effect of Grain Crushing and Bedding Plane Inclination on Ras en-Naqab Natural Sand Behavior

This pa per p resents an e xperimental investigation f or i nherent ani sotropy an d particle breakage f or n atural Ras en-Naqab sand so uthern J ordan. The nat ural s and s pecimens were subjected to one dim ensional compression to induce breakage. Th e grain size distributions of the s pecimens were re ported before and aft er th e application of the stre sses. The reafter, t he sand s hear st rength parameters were asses sed using direct shear box t ests. E xamining t he obtained results revealed that the amount of breakage due to one dimensional compression is of order higher t han t he amount occ urring d uring di rect shear t est. Peak shear s trength parameters h ave little o r no ch ange w ith in creasing particles b reakage. H owever, d ilatancy component o f shear st rength di minishes w ith i ncreasing the am ount of part icles breakage. Moreover, exa mining t he effect of a ngle of de position shown a cons iderable am ount of dilation occurs on the higher deposition angle regardless the extent of breakage reported.
Critical Lane Volume (CLV)-based Capacity and Level of Service Analyses for Diverging Diamond Interchange

Many traffic simulation software tools, such as Vissim, SimTraffic, Corsim, Synchro, and Dynasmart have emerged over the last decade and are widely used for analyzing capacity, delay, and level of service at intersections, ramps, and along arterial/freeway segments. While these tools have shown great promise, they are expensive and the data collection and input set-up is time consuming and resource intensive. Traffic engineers predominantly use one of those tools to analyze diverging diamond interchange (DDI), also known as double crossover diamond interchange. Developing a simulation model and performing required analysis takes considerable time and effort. Since it is not necessary to obtain detail traffic operational analysis of a DDI while interchange alternatives are being developed, a quick and easy evaluation procedure is warranted. In this paper, a critical lane volume (CLV) based analysis methodology is presented which could be an appropriate tool to bridge the gap. In this methodology, two intersection or nodes of a DDI, where through traffic movements along the arterial cross each other, are considered crucial. Understanding of the crossover movements, ramp movements, and coordination of traffic movements between the two nodes and lane configuration are used in developing the methodology. Critical movements are analyzed, compared and logically added to obtain the critical lane volume of the two nodes. The obtained critical lane volume is divided by intersection capacity to compute volume to capacity ratio and used in deriving the level of service of the two intersections in a DDI. The paper describes the mathematical formulation and analysis procedure to evaluate a DDI. Two real-world DDIs are analyzed using the developed method and compared with simulation results for reliability and accuracy.
Flexible-Cost SLAM

The ability of a robot to track its position and its surroundings is critical in mobile robotics applications, such as autonomous transport, farming, search-and-rescue, and planetary exploration. As a foundational building block to such tasks, localization must remain reliable and unobtrusive. For example, it must not provide an unneeded level of precision, when the cost of doing so displaces higher-level tasks from a busy CPU. Nor should it produce noisy estimates on the cheap, when there are CPU cycles to spare. This thesis explores localization solutions that provide exactly the amount of accuracy needed to a given task. We begin with a real-world system used in the DARPA Learning Applied to Ground Robotics (LAGR) competition. Using a novel hybrid of wheel and visual odometry, we cut the cost of visual odometry from 100% of a CPU to 5%, clearing room for other critical visual processes, such as long-range terrain classification. We present our hybrid odometer in chapter 2. Next, we describe a novel SLAM algorithm that provides a means to choose the desired balance between cost and accuracy. At its fastest setting, our algorithm converges faster than previous stochastic SLAM solvers, while maintaining significantly better accuracy. At its most accurate, it provides the same solution as exact SLAM solvers. Its main feature, however, is the ability to flexibly choose any point between these two extremes of speed and precision, as circumstances demand. As a result, we are able to guarantee real-time performance at each timestep on city-scale maps with large loops. We present this solver in chapter 3, along with results from both commonly available datasets and Google Street View data. Taken as a whole, this thesis recognizes that precision and efficiency can be competing values, whose proper balance depends on the application and its fluctuating circumstances. It demonstrates how a localizer can and should fit its cost to the task at hand, rather than the other way around. In enabling this flexibility, we demonstrate a new direction for SLAM research, as well as provide a new convenience for end-users, who may wish to map the world without stopping it.
The Dynamics of Social Practice: Everyday Life and how it Changes

The Dynamics of Social Practice Introducing Theories of Practice Materials and Resources Sequence and Structure Making and Breaking Links Material, Competence and Meaning Car-Driving: Elements and Linkages Making Links Breaking Links Elements Between Practices Standardization and Diversity Individual and Collective Careers The Life of Elements Modes of Circulation Transportation and Access: Material Abstraction, Reversal and Migration: Competence Association and Classification: Meaning Packing and Unpacking Emergence, Disappearance and Persistence Recruitment, Defection and Reproduction First Encounters: Networks and Communities Capture and Commitment: Careers and Carriers Collapse and Transformation: The Dynamics of Defection Daily Paths, Life Paths and Dominant Projects Connections Between Practices Bundles and Complexes Collaboration and Competition Selection and Integration Coordinating Daily Life Circuits of Reproduction Monitoring Practices-as-Performances Monitoring Practices-as-Entities Cross-Referencing Practices-as-Performances Cross-Referencing Practices-as-Entities Aggregation Elements of Coordination Intersecting Circuits Representing the Dynamics of Social Practice Representing Elements and Practices Characterizing Circulation Competition, Transformation and Convergence Reproducing Elements, Practices and Relations between Them Time and Practice Space and Practice Dominant Projects and Power Promoting Transitions in Practice Climate Change and Behaviour Change Basis of Action Processes of Change Positioning Policy Transferable Lessons Practice Theory and Climate Change Policy Configuring Elements of Practice Configuring Relations between Practices Configuring Careers: Carriers and Practices Configuring Connections Practice Oriented Policy Making
2 A Co-evolutionary Perspective on Distributed Manufacturing

Research into Distributed Manufacturing has embraced the challenges facing industrial networks. Existing strands of research into networks often explore social-dynamic relationships and contractual aspects, thereby ignoring the underlying dynamics based on the characteristics: collaboration, decentralisation of decision-making and interorganisational integration, all pointing to mutual relationships in which co-evolution has gained a prominent place for modelling. Essential to the modelling of co-evolution is the combined development of agents involved, expressed by the factor for connected traits in the NK[C] model. However, in this model co-evolution happens in semi-static landscapes, which hardly exist in the reality of industry. Hence, more advanced game-theoretic applications might serve as a foundation for understanding the development of networks since these describe the interactions between agents. This chapter expands on co-evolutionary models and includes the autonomous development of agents in a network, the connectivity between agents and the dynamic forms of collaboration and communication to advance research in Distributed Manufacturing.
Dynamic Load Models for Power Systems - Estimation of Time-Varying Parameters During Normal Operation

Economic and environmental concerns will slow down the expansion of the transmission system in many countries. The addition of new transmission lines will be few and far between. The de-regulation of the power supply will introduce new power flow patterns on the bulk transmission systems. The net result is that the power systems will operate much closer to their transfer limits and operate there much longer time than has been necessary. The risk for voltage collapse determines the transfer limits in many bulk transmission systems. The accurate determination of the transfer limits will be an increasingly important task to maintain the operational security and economic operation of the power system. Many studies have shown the importance of the load representation in voltage stability analysis. Static load models are not accurate enough for capturing the dynamics of the network. Therefore dynamic load models are needed even if voltage collapse, in many cases, is a slow phenomenon. iii Due to the large amount of electric heating loads in Sweden and its effect on voltage stability, Hill and Karlsson have proposed a load model with exponential recovery. The model is expressed as a set of nonlinear differential equations, where the real and reactive load powers have a nonlinear dependency with voltage. The standard dynamic active load model is characterized by three parameters, steady state load-voltage dependence, transient load-voltage dependence and a load-recovery time constant. The same applies to reactive load. As an extension of the mentioned work, the present author proposes an automatic method for the determination of parameters in standard dynamic load models. The dynamic set of nonlinear equations has been linearised and the problem has been reduced to a linear identification problem. The Least Squares criterion is used for minimizing the error function between measured and simulated data. Field measurements from continuous normal operation at the 20 kV and 50 kV-level from a substation in the South East of Sweden have provided over 1 GByte of data covering all seasons during the time period July 2001-June 2002. The determination of the load parameters based on this data has resulted in valuable information. The parameters’ time-varying characteristic and their dependency with weather and season of the year have been studied; there is correlation between the active and reactive recovery time constants, and between them and the corresponding steadystate characteristic of the load. Strong dependency of the transient active and reactive characteristic of the load with the temperature has been found. Furthermore, some unexpected deviations in the reactive load parameters have led to a new representation of the reactive load. The reactive power level, which was previously used as normalization factor, is inappropriate. If instead apparent power level is used, the variability in the parameters that describe the reactive load response is drastically reduced. (Less)
Studies of short channel effects andPerformance enhancement of nano-mosfet Based on multi-objective genetic algorithm Approach

The nano-scale devices face a major issue i.e Short Channel Effects, as a result of which the performance of the devices degrade. To enhance the performance of such devices, the SCEs should be reduced. This thesis contributes to enhance the performance of nano-scaled DG MOSFET by re-ducing the short channel effects. To approach towards the main objective of the thesis, a study has been done on analytical modeling of undoped symmetric DG MOSFET. Then, to get the picture of SCEs, the electrical parameters such as maximum Drain current(Ion),Leakage current(Ioff ), Sub threshold Swing (SS), Threshold voltage (Vth ), and Drain In-duced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) are analytically derived by solving 2-dimensional Poisson’s equation and the same are studied with the variation of design parameters such as L, tsi and tox. To validate such analytical models, SCEs are studied using ATLAS device simulator. Graded Cannel engineering techniques are used for reduction of SCEs. For further reduction or minimization of SCEs, a multi-objective optimization technique is used to enhance the accuracy with optimum design parameters. To validate the optimized structure, a simulated model is built with those optimized values of the design parameter and the performance of the device is compared with the existing result [32].
A 2.5-2.7 THz room temperature electronic source

We report on a room temperature 2.5 to 2.7 THz electronic source based on frequency multipliers. The source utilizes a cascade of three frequency multipliers with W-band power amplifiers driving the first stage multiplier. Multiple-chip multipliers are utilized for the two initial stages to improve the power handling capability and a sub-micron anode is utilized for the final stage tripler. Room temperature measurements indicate that the source can put out a peak power of about 14 microwatts with more than 4 microwatts in the 2.5 to 2.7 THz range.
Why England Lose & Other Curious Football Phenomena Explained

At last, football has its answer to Freakonomics, The Tipping Point and The Undercover Economist. "Why do England lose? " "Why do Newcastle United always buy the wrong players? " "How could Nottingham Forest go from winning the European Cup to the depths of League One? " "Penalties - what are they good for? " These are questions every football fan has asked. Why England Lose answers them. It brings the techniques of bestselling books such as Freakonomics and The Undercover Economist to bear on our national sport. Written with an economist's brain and a football writer's skill, it applies high-powered analytical tools to everyday football topics. Why England Lose isn't in the first place about money. It's about looking at data in new ways. It's about revealing counterintuitive truths about football. It explains all manner of things about the game which newspapers just can't see. It all adds up to a new way of looking at football, beyond cliches about "The Magic of the FA Cup", "England's Shock Defeat" and "Newcastle's New South American Star". No training in economics is needed to read Why England Lose. But the reader will come out of it with a better understanding not just of football, but of how economists think and what they know.
Overall Preliminary Design of the Thermal Protection System for a Long Range Hypersonic Rocket-Powered Passenger Vehicle (SpaceLiner)

The long range hypersonic passenger transportation system SpaceLiner has been proposed by the Space Launcher Systems Analysis Group (SART) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and investigated in the frame of the European Commission project FAST20XX. The SpaceLiner is a two-stage fully reusable vehicle powered by rocket engines. It should carry about 50 passengers from Australia to Europe within 90 minutes. To accomplish a safe return to earth for all passengers in case of an emergency, the SpaceLiner passenger capsule can be separated from the rest of the vehicle and is then able to fly autonomously back to Earth. The focus of the paper is the sizing of both stages as well as the capsule’s passive thermal protection system. The SpaceLiner’s Thermal Protection System (TPS) has to withstand several different heat loads according to nominal flight and different abort cases. To be able to determine the heat loads for a full vehicle surface along different trajectories, fast engineering methods have to be used. The external heat flux was calculated by a fast code for preliminary flow analyses in hypersonic regime based on modified Newtonian surface inclination techniques and by using the Fay-Ridell equation close to the stagnation point and the Zoby-Moss-Sutton approach further downstream. The thicknesses of the different materials were optimized by using a 1D thermal conduction model. They depend heavily on the allowed temperature of the back-structure. According to the functional task and the chosen material, the structure is allowed to heat up to different maximum temperatures. Depending on the maximum temperature for the subdivided surface regions, different reusable materials were considered: CMC, TABI, AETB, AFRSI and FRSI. The TPS of the capsule, which is not part of the orbiter’s outer shell, is subject to high heat flux and has no need for re-usability. Therefore, an ablative thermal protection is preferred for stagnation and bottom areas with low system complexity, thus guaranteeing high safety. As an example, Avcoat was chosen. The paper shows the overall preliminary design of the TPS for a long range hypersonic rocket-powered passenger vehicle, comparing different materials and different back-structure temperatures.