Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF PROTECTING PROTEINS FROM DEGRADATION IN THE RUMEN ON AVERAGE DAILY GAIN AND TOTAL GAIN OF AL AWASSI LAMBS

The present experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different percentages (50 and 100%) of dried whey powder and sun flower meal treated with blood or formaldehyde on Average daily gain (ADG) for period (1-4week), (4-8week) and (1-8week) and Total gain (TG) and Final body weight (FBW) in lambs fattening diets. The results showed insignificant effect in IBW, FBW, TG, ADG 1 4 week period, ADG 5 8 week period and ADG 1 – 8 week period, for dried whey powder treated with blood or formaldehyde in percentages 100% and in percentages 50% compared sun flower meal treated with blood or formaldehyde in percentages 100% and in percentages 50% Respectively, and well there was insignificant effect in IBW, FBW, TG, ADG 1 4 week period, ADG 5 8 week period and ADG 1 – 8 week period, for dried whey powder treated with blood in percentages 100% and in percentages 50% compared sun flower meal treated with blood in percentages 100% and in percentages 50% Respectively, also there was insignificant effect in IBW, FBW, TG, ADG 1 4 week period, ADG 5 8 week period and ADG 1 – 8 week period, for dried whey powder treated with formaldehyde in percentages 100% and in percentages 50% compared sun flower meal treated with formaldehyde in percentages 100% and in percentages 50% Respectively.
A Computational Model of Coping for Simulating Human Behavior in High-Stress Situations

People often encounter high-stress situations. Modeling and being able to predict people’s behavior in such situations, how they cope, is a critical research topic. To that end, we propose a computational model of coping that casts Lazarus’ theory of coping into a Partial Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) framework. This includes an appraisal process that models the factors that lead to stress by assessing a person’s relation to the environment and a coping process that models people’s behavior in the face of such stress. This coping process includes problem-focused coping, whereby people seek to alter the external environment, and emotion-focused coping, whereby people alter their internal beliefs, goals, and intentions in the face of stress. We evaluate the model’s assumptions and predictions in the context of a high-stress situation that is increasingly common, the extreme conditions of a hurricane. We collected human survey data from the last several years of major U.S. hur-ricanes to evaluate the features in the models used for appraisal calculation. Additionally, we conducted a controlled human-subject experiment simulating a hurricane experience to investigate the prediction of the model on how people change their beliefs and goals to cope with the situation. The results show that, as predicted by the model, the proposed model features are significantly associated with the evacuation decisions and post-decision people also change their beliefs and goals in the directions that align with their prior decisions. Lastly, we conduct a simulation study showing that the proposed model is qualitatively closer to the experiment data than the baseline models that do not incorporate coping effects.
Methylol-Functional Benzoxazines: Novel Precursors for Phenolic Thermoset Polymers and Nanocomposite Applications

A new class of high-performance resins combining the molecular structure of both traditional phenolics and benzoxazines is developed. The monomers are synthesized through Mannich condensation reaction of methylol-functional phenols and primary amines, in the presence of paraformaldehyde. The network structure is built utilizing simultaneous addition and condensation polymerization through benzoxazine and resole chemistry. The presence of methylol groups accelerates the polymerization with improved thermal properties of the produced polymer. The polymers show high glass transition temperature, Tg (274-311°C) and excellent thermal stability compared to the traditional polybenzoxazines. The non-isothermal DSC analysis using Kissinger and Ozawa methods show that polymerization reactions of methylol monomer exhibits lower apparent non-elementary activation energy (83.6 and 93.5 KJ/mol) compared to the unfunctionalized monomer (94.1 and 101.4 KJ/mol). The thesis shows an optimum solution to overcome the historic limitations of using phenolic/urethane materials. The limitations include the slow reaction kinetics of the isocyanate and phenolic compounds along with poor thermal stability of the produced urethane linkages. The new approach is based on reacting methylol benzoxazines with isocyanates and polyols to form polybenzoxazine/polyurethane copolymers. The incorporation of benzoxazine in the copolymer shifted the decomposition temperature to (285-300 °C) with char yield of (18-53%), depending on the benzoxazine content.In addition, the thesis deals with the preparation of high thermally conductive coating for electronic components. For this purpose, boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) is used as a model system to be dispersed in benzoxazine monomer. Composite of the commercial BN embedded into methylol benzoxazine monomer was used as a control. BNNS systems exhibit higher thermal conductivity values than the BN systems. The SEM images show that dispersion and distribution of BNNS systems are better than BN systems. Theoretical models based on Lewis-Nielsen expression are used to predict the thermal conductivity of polymer composites. Distinct micro- and nano-structured models fit the experimental data of BN and BNNS systems, respectively. The water uptake measurements shows that BNNS system exhibits more hydrophilic nature compared to BN system. The thermal stability and char yield of BNNS nanocomposites are significantly improved by the presence of small amounts of BN.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles Coated with PEG/PEI for Biomedical Applications: A Facile and Scalable Preparation Route Based on the Cathodic Electrochemical Deposition Method

Cathodic electrochemical deposition (CED) is introduced as an efficient and effective method for synthesis and surface coating of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). In this way, bare Fe3O4 nanoparticles were electrosynthesized through CED method from aqueous solution Fe3+ : Fe2+ chloride (molar ratio of 2 : 1). In the next step, the surface of NPs was coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) during the CED procedure, and PEG/PEI coated SPIONs were obtained. The prepared NPs were evaluated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The pure magnetite phase and nanosize (about 15 nm) of the prepared NPs were confirmed by XRD and FE-SEM. The presence of two coats (i.e., PEG and PEI) on the surface of electrosynthesized NPs was proved via FTIR results. The percentage of polymer coat (37.5%) on the NPs surface was provided by TGA analysis. The high magnetization value, negligible coercivity, and remanence measured by VSM indicate the superparamagnetic nature of both prepared NPs. The obtained results confirmed that the prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles have suitable physicochemical and magnetic properties for biomedical applications.
High-efficiency denitrification for steel wastewater treatment by immobilized bacteria

The performance of immobilized bacteria by waterborne polyurethane in treating steel wastewater with nitrate nitrogen was investigated. It found that the optimal C/N ratio was 5.0 using glucose as an electron donor and the hydraulic retention time was set to 6 h could meet the needs of denitrification in this study. The removal efficiency of immobilized denitrifying bacteria on nitrate– nitrogen in steel wastewater reached 80%, and the nitrate concentration in the effluent was less than 5 mg/L, indicating that microbial immobilization technology has a better treatment effect on steel wastewater. High-throughput sequencing shows that steel wastewater has a domesticated selection effect on the evolution of the immobilized bacteria, making the bacteria which adapt to the quality of the steel wastewater to be dominant bacteria. Through this study, we believe that steel wastewater can be treated in a targeted manner to achieve accurate decontamination by microbial immobilization technology.
Chemical applicability of Sombor indices

Recently, a novel class of degree-based topological molecular descriptors was proposed, the so-called Sombor indices. Within this study, the predictive and discriminative potentials of the Sombor index, the reduced Sombor index, and the average Sombor index were examined. All three topological molecular descriptors showed good predictive potential. The statistical data indicate that the reduced Sombor index preforms with a slightly better predictive potential. An external validation confirmed this finding. It was found that these degree-based indices exert modest discriminative potential, when tested on a large group of isomers.
Quality Evaluation of Instant Mosa (A Fried Maize Based Snack) Produced from Fermented Maize and Sorghum Flour

The study evaluated the quality of mosa produced from fermented maize and sorghum flour. The grains were subjected to fermentation, drying and milling to obtain four samples coded MFDS (Milled Fermented Dried Sorghum), MFDM (Milled Fermented Dried Maize), FDMM (Fermented Dried Milled Maize) and FDMS (Fermented Dried Milled Soghum). Proximate, functional and physiochemical analysis were determined on the flour with sensory evaluation of the fried mosa using the traditional fermented wet milled maize as control. The value of protein, fat, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrate ranged from 4.25-7.06, 0.42-0.71%, 0.27-0.46%, 2.17-3.26% and 29.85-88.72% respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between sample FDMS and FDMM in respect to protein, fat and crude fibre. Also, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between samples FDMS and MFDM with respect to ash and carbohydrate. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption, swelling capacity and solubility ranged were 0.65-0.74 g/ml, 26.33-88.33 g/ml, 13.00-81.00 g/ml, 3.93-9.04 g/ml and 0.20-7.00% respectively. FDMS, FDMM and MFDS did not differ significantly (p>0.05) in bulk density, swelling capacity and solubility. The value of pH and TTA ranged from 4.19-6.86 and 0.05-0.34 respectively. The colour, taste, flavor, appearance, texture and overall acceptability ranged 6.27-8.10, 4.93-7.80, 4.80-7.40, 6.57-7.50, 4.87-7.47 and 5.73-7.87 respectively. The sensory scores revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) between sample FMWM, MFDM, FDMS and FDMM with respect to taste, colour, flavor and overall acceptability. The study shows that a more nutritious mosa can be produced from fermented sorghum grains, followed by drying and milling.
Variations of workload and well-being measures across a professional basketball season

Abstract The aims of this study were: (i) to describe weekly variations of acute load (AL), acute:chronic workload ratio, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and fatigue; (ii) to analyze variations of weekly workload and well-being in three periods of the season (P1, P2, and P3); and (iii) to analyze the relationships between workload and well-being measures. Fifteen professional basketball players from a first-league European club were monitored throughout the season using the CR-10 Borg scale and the Hooper questionnaire. Weekly AL and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) were weekly calculated for monitoring of the internal load. In addition, DOMS and fatigue values were weekly calculated. Greater AL, DOMS, and fatigue values were found during the early season, and the highest ACWR value was found during the second period. Overall, AL presented large correlations with DOMS (r=0.60) and fatigue (r=0.62). The results of this study indicate that load is higher in the first period and then decreases throughout the season. The results also showed that AL is more closely related to well-being parameters than ACWR.
Hollow cathode modeling: II. Physical analysis and parametric study

A numerical emissive hollow cathode model which couples plasma and thermal aspects of the NASA NSTAR cathode has been presented in a companion paper and simulation results obtained using the plasma model were compared to experimental data. We now compare simulation results with measurements using the full coupled model. Inside the cathode, the simulated plasma density profile agrees with the experimental data up to the ±50% experimental uncertainty while the simulated emitter temperature differs from measurements by at most 5 K. We then proceed to an analysis of the cathode discharge both inside the cathode where electron emission is dominant and outside in the near plume where electron transport instabilities are important. As observed previously in the literature, the total emitted electron current is much larger ( 34 A ) than the set discharge current collected at the anode ( 13 A ) while ionization plays a negligible role. Extracted electrons are emitted from a region much shorter than the full emitter ( 0.9 cm versus 2.5 cm ). The influence of an applied axial magnetic field in the plume is also assessed and we observe that it leads to a 10-fold increase of the plasma density 1 cm downstream of the orifice entrance while the simulated discharge potential at the anode is increased from 10 V up to 35.5 V . Lastly, we perform a parametric study on both the operating point (discharge current, mass flow rate) and design (inner radius) of the cathode. The simulated useful operating envelope is shown to be limited at low discharge current mostly because of the probable ion sputtering of the emitter and at high discharge current because of emitter evaporation, plasma oscillations and sputtering of the keeper electrode. The behavior of the cathode is also analyzed w.r. t. its internal radius and simulation results show that the useful emitter length scales linearly with the cathode radius.
On the Retainment of Test-driven Development: Results from a Longitudinal Cohort Study with Novice Developers

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is an approach to agile software development, which is claimed to boost both external quality of software products and devel-opers’ productivity. The results about the claimed eﬀects of TDD are inconclusive, therefore researchers have recommended taking a longitudinal perspective when studying TDD— i.e., studying TDD over a time span. By following such a recommendation, we investigated: (i) the retainment of TDD over a time span of about six months, as well as (ii) the eﬀects of TDD. To pursue our two-fold objective, we conducted a quantitative longitudinal cohort study with 30 novice developers ( i.e., third-year undergraduate students in Computer Science). We found that TDD is retained by developers over a time span of about six months. As for the eﬀects of TDD, we observed that this development approach aﬀects neither the external quality of software products nor developers’ productivity. However, we observed that the participants applying TDD produced signiﬁ-cantly more tests, with a higher fault-detection capability, than those using a non-TDD approach.
The effects of sales promotion, attractiveness of internet advertising, and website quality on impulse buying of consumers of Tokopedia in Indonesia

Many empirical studies in Indonesia found factors that influenced impulse buying of consumers were mainly due to sales promotion, attractiveness of internet advertising, and website quality. This study for that a posteriori reason aims at re-examining this phenomena by taking into account consumer behaviour of Tokopedia in Indonesia as a case study. The data source of this study was collected from a quantitative survey of consumers of Tokopedia in Jakarta, the Capital City of Indonesia. The sampling method applied was the non-probability sampling technique since no access to the population database was given by Tokopedia. The data were then analysed by using statistical multiple linear regression analysis. This study confirmed that sales promotion, attractiveness of internet advertising, and website quality significantly affected impulse buying of consumers of Tokopedia in Jakarta. The limitations of the study were discussed so caveats apply to interpret the findings from this study.
Error Control of the Numerical Posterior with Bayes Factors in Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification

In this paper, we address the numerical posterior error control problem for the Bayesian approach to inverse problems or recently known as Bayesian Uncertainty Quantiﬁcation (UQ). We generalize the results of Capistr´an et al. (2016) to (a priori) expected Bayes factors (BF) and in a more general, inﬁnite-dimensional setting. In this inverse problem, the unavoidable numerical approximation of the Forward Map (FM, i.e., the regressor function), arising from the numerical solution of a system of diﬀerential equations, demands error estimates of the corresponding approximate numerical posterior distribution. Our approach is to make such comparisons in the setting of Bayesian model selection and BFs. The main result of this paper is a bound on the absolute global error tolerated by the numerical solver of the FM in order to keep the BF of the numerical versus the theoretical posterior near one. For two examples, we provide a detailed analysis of the computation and implementation of the introduced bound. Furthermore, we show that the resulting numerical posterior turns out to be nearly identical from the theoretical posterior, given the control of the BF near one.
To Determine Preference of Shoulder Pain Management by General Physicians in Lahore

Objective: To determine the preference of general practitioners how they diagnose and treat the shoulder pain. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study were carried out among general physicians of the Lahore. Total 268 physicians were enrolled in the study and only 221 physicians responded. Data was collected by convenient sampling technique and physician were inquired about different aspects (diagnosis, investigation, treatment and referral) of management of shoulder pain. Results: Total 221 physicians participated in the study that included 133 male and 88 female physicians. Result showed 68 and 83 physician were confident in the diagnosis of glenohumeral osteoarthritis and rotator cuff tear respectively. The most recommended investigation was radiographs of affected joint. Study revealed that 58 physicians also refer the patients to the physiotherapists for management. Conclusion: Results of this study showed the preference of general physician about the management of shoulder pain. They diagnosed the patients of rotator cuff tear and glenohumeral arthritis and as an investigation they mostly recommend the radiograph. Their patients were being improved with physiotherapy in addition to symptomatic treatments.
How effective is bimodal soil hydraulic characterization? Functional evaluations for predictions of soil water balance

To overcome some drawbacks of the unimodal relations commonly used to describe soil hydraulic properties (SHPs), previously we developed bimodal lognormal relations that have the following main features: (i) they are closed‐form expressions, (ii) they have a sound theoretical basis and provide a more general conceptualization of soil and (iii) they improve the description of both the water retention (WRF) and hydraulic conductivity (HCF) functions. Nevertheless, the reliability of soil hydraulic analytical relations is often tested only at the curve fitting level. Comparisons between unimodal and bimodal soil hydraulic relations are more effective and informative when performed within a functional evaluation approach. We use the HYDRUS‐1D package to quantify and compare soil moisture dynamics and storage regimes for hydrological processes at both the event and annual time‐scales when the soil domain is characterized by either unimodal or bimodal hydraulic properties. Seven soil samples taken from a previous study were used in numerical simulations of drainage or infiltration processes; there were large relative discrepancies in terms of simulated soil water storage. A subsequent test that involved simulations of soil water budget for the period 2000–2012 was implemented for a peach‐orchard field by a conventional scaling method. This test also enables soil spatial variation to be taken into consideration. Two different scenarios enable the epistemic uncertainty to be evaluated when different hydraulic models are considered for soil with weak or strong bimodality. With Willmott's refined index of agreement, discrepancies in soil water storage were about 15% (weak bimodality) or more than 30% (strong bimodality).
Review and Analysis of Coaxial Magnetic Gear Pole Pair Count Selection Effects

Magnetic gears perform the same function as mechanical gears using magnetic fields instead of interlocking teeth. A review of the design processes used in the literature demonstrates that a critical design parameter, pole pair count, is often given inadequate consideration. In addition to reviewing the existing prototypes, this article uses a parametric simulation study to analyze the impacts of pole pair counts on gear performance and illustrate how the optimal pole counts vary with gear ratio and various design parameters. This article also introduces new ripple factors, which better correlate with torque ripple than the cogging factor ( $C_{T}$ ) used in previous articles, and illustrates why designs with noninteger gear ratios tend to have much smaller torque ripples than designs with integer gear ratios. While selecting the pole counts to minimize symmetry can reduce torque ripple, designs without any symmetry are shown to experience unbalanced magnetic forces on each rotor. Thus, it is recommended to select pole counts that result in an even number of modulators but not an integer gear ratio. This article also reveals that for a fixed gear ratio, a nontrivial optimum pole count minimizes the electromagnetic losses.
Study on the relation between the effects of water stress on the flag leaf chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics and the yields of spring wheat genotypes in late growth season

The effects of water stress on chlorophyll content of the flag leaf and the flag leaf chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics of spring wheat genotypes in late growth season were studied by using SPAD 501 portable chlorophyll meter and OS1 FL modulated chlorophyll fluorometer. Meanwhile, the yields of the tested varieties were studied. The result indicated that chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics curves of spring wheat flag leaf were changed obviously during water stess. The decrease of variable fluorescence yield (Fv values), the ratio of the variable to maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm), the ration of the variable to minimal fluorescence (Fv/Fo) and photochemical quantum Yield under water stress suggested that the primary light energy conversion of PSⅡ, the potential activities of PSⅡand photosynthetic electron transport and the carbon asimilation had been inhibited. Meanwhile, different genotypes have different responses to water stress. The results of the experiment also showed that the relation between the yields of the eight spring wheat genotypes and the photosynthetic indexes above were not significant. \;
Basic study on weigh-in-motion of vehicles in acceleration and deceleration

Static weight estimation of a vehicle in motion is challenging, especially when the vehicle is accelerating and decelerating. This paper presents a new estimation method for accelerating and decelerating vehicles. This method uses at least two miniature load measurement devices cascaded in traffic lane and consideration of transfer load between the front and rear wheels of a motorbike. Both individual axle load and the gross mass of the motorbike are estimated with accuracy under field conditions.