Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel bias correction method for extreme rainfall events based on L‐moments

The effectiveness of bias correction (BC) of global‐scale future climate projections is crucial in climate change studies. The magnitude of error in the BC affect climate change adaptation decisions. The existing BC methods vary in their complexity, and exhibit limitations on data length, degrees of freedom etc. This study proposes a new method, L‐moments Scaling (L‐mS), which is both parsimonious and efficient in bias‐correcting extreme rainfall events. The L‐mS method applies corrections to the first three L‐moments of the data to bias correct the entire distribution. The proposed method's efficiency was demonstrated at two stations in India, Chennai and Hyderabad, for 1‐day Annual Maximum (AM) precipitation simulations from EC‐EARTH and MIROC5 models. A comparison was performed with five widely used BC methods using two validation procedures: Strict Split‐Sample (SSS) and Bootstrapped Split‐Sample (BSS). The results revealed that the L‐mS method could outperform all the five BC Methods with increased accuracy (0%–18% in SSS and 3%–21% in BSS), and with minimal variability among the bootstrapped samples in terms of Normalized‐Root‐Mean‐Square‐Error (NRMSE). The method was also applied on 1° gridded data over India for 1‐day, 2‐day, 3‐day, 7‐day AM, and Annual Totals, and the future (2021–2050) projections were bias‐corrected using L‐mS method. The L‐mS method produced at least 2.5 and 3 times lesser error in mean and standard deviation, respectively, compared to observed extremes, across all the grids. The L‐mS method was able to utilize the inherent nature of frequency domain analysis to outperform similar advanced methods by correcting the entire AM data with few key statistics and could serve as an efficient tool in the BC of extreme climate variables. Also, the bias‐corrected future projections indicated the magnitudes of extreme rainfall events are expected to decrease in 35%–40% and increase in 60%–65% of the grids.
Saturation of the internal tide over the inner continental shelf. Part II: Parameterization

Here, we develop a framework for understanding the observations presented in the accompanying paper (Part I) by Becherer et al. (2021). In this framework, the internal tide saturates as it shoals due to amplitude limitation with decreasing water depth (H). From this framework evolves estimates of averaged energetics of the internal tide; specifically, energy, 〈APE〉, energy flux, 〈FE〉, and energy flux divergence, ∂x 〈FE〉. Since we observe that 〈D〉 ≈ ∂x 〈FE〉, we also interpret our estimate of ∂x 〈FE〉 as 〈D〉. These estimates represent a parameterization of the energy in the internal tide as it saturates over the inner continental shelf. The parameterization depends solely on depth-mean stratification and bathymetry. A summary result is that the cross-shelf depth dependencies of 〈APE〉, 〈FE〉 and ∂x 〈FE〉 are analogous to those for shoaling surface gravity waves in the surf zone, suggesting that the inner shelf is the surf zone for the internal tide. A test of our simple parameterization against a range of data sets suggests that it is broadly applicable.
Tensor dimensionality reduction via mode product and HSIC

Tensor dimensionality reduction (TDR) is a hot research topic in machine learning, which learns data representations by preserving the original data structure while avoiding convert samples into vectors and solving the problem of the curse of dimensionality of tensor data. In the work, a novel TDR approach based on mode product and Hilbert–Schmidt Independence criterion (HSIC) is proposed. The contributions of authors’ work is described as following: (1) HSIC measures the statistical correlation of two random variables. However, instead of measuring the statistical correlation of two random variables directly, HSIC ﬁrst transforms the two random variables into two reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs), and then measures the statistical correlation of transformed random variables by using Hilbert–Schmidt operators between the two RKHSs. The exploitation of RKHS increases the ﬂexibility and applicability of HSIC. Although HSIC is widely used in machine learning, the authors have not seen its application to dimensionality reduction (DR)(except for authors’ previous work). (2) A novel HSIC-based TDR approach is proposed, which ﬁrst applies HSIC to capture statistical information of tensor data set for DR. The authors give the mathematical derivation of HSIC for tensor data and establish a framework of TDR based on HSIC, named HSIC-TDR for short, which aims to improve the DR results of tensor by exploring and preserving the statistical information of original data set. (3) Fur-thermore, to solve the out-of-sample problem, the authors learn an explicit expression between the dimensionality-reduced tensors and the higher-dimensional tensors by introducing mode product to HSIC-TDR. The experimental results between the proposed method and other state-of-the-art algorithm on various datasets demonstrate the well performance of the proposed method.
Association study between BGLAP RS1800247-polymorphic variant and type 2 diabetes mellitus development among hypertensive and non-hypertensive Ukrainians

The risk T2DM development depends on hereditary predisposition. According to the current data, skeleton enhances insulin gene expression in pancreatic β-cells as well as increases insulin sensitivity of adipocytes, myocytes and hepatocytes through the secretion of unOCN.The aim. To analyze the link between rs1800247 SNP and T2DM occurrence depending on the AH presence, as well as association between rs1800247 and systolic, diastolic, pulse, mean blood pressure among patients with diabetes.Materials and Methods. This study included 153 patients with diagnosed T2DM and 311 individuals without any carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) was used for BGLAP rs1800247-genotyping. Logistic regression with interaction term “genotype × AH” was used to estimate the association between BGLAP rs1800247-genotypes and T2DM development under dominant, recessive, over-dominant and additive models of inheritance. Linear regression was performed to investigate the influence of minor C-allele on the arterial blood pressure. All calculations were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS, version 22.0, Chicago, IL, USA). A value of P ˂ 0,05 was considered as significant.Results. No association was found between rs1800247 single nucleotide polymorphism and T2DM development neither in AH patients, nor in subjects without AH (Paint b > 0,05). There was no impact of rs1800247 genotypes on systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean blood pressure among patients with T2DM (P > 0,05). Conclusion. It was found the lack of association between rs1800247 SNP and T2DM development as well as blood pressure parameters. Further studies with extended groups of comparison are needed for the confirmation of results. This research was a part of the scientific project “Molecular-genetic and morphological features of lower limb tissues regeneration under conditions of chronic hyperglycemia” (0117U003926).
Optimization of Classification Prediction Performances of an Instrumental Odour Monitoring System by Using Temperature Correction Approach

Odour emissions generated by industrial and environmental protection plants are often a cause of nuisances and consequent conflicts in exposed populations. Their control is a key action to avoid complaints. Among the odour measurement techniques, the sensory-instrumental method with the application of Instrumental Odour Monitoring Systems (IOMSs) currently represents an effective solution to allow a continuous classification and quantification of odours in real time, combining the advantages of conventional analytical and sensorial techniques. However, some aspects still need to be improved. The study presents and discusses the investigation and optimization of the operational phases of an advanced IOMS, applied for monitoring of environmental odours, with the aim of increasing their performances and reliability of the measures. Accuracy rates of over 98% were reached in terms of classification performances. The implementation of automatic correction systems for the resistance values of the measurement sensors, by considering the influence of the temperature, has been proven to be a solution to further improve the reliability of IOMS. The proposed approach was based on the application of corrective coefficients experimentally determined by analyzing the correlation between resistance values and operating conditions. The paper provides useful information for the implementation of real-time management activities by using a tailor-made software, able to increase and enlarge the IOMS fields of application.
Channel Measurement for Multiple Frequency Bands in Subway Tunnel Scenario

In next-generation radio communication systems, the use of higher frequency bands and the massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems has turned into hot research topics because they have the potential to increase network capacity significantly by exploiting the available narrowband and broadband spectrums. Therefore, the narrowband channel measurements are executed at the following five potential frequency bands, including 2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 5.6 GHz, 10 GHz, and 28 GHz in the Shanghai subway tunnel environment in order to fulfill the latest standards of fifth generation (5G). Moreover, in the broadband channel measurements, the center frequency is 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz and the bandwidth is considered as 160 MHz, respectively. At the transmitter (Tx) side, a uniform rectangular antenna array composed of 32 elements is fixed on the platform near the tunnel walls. The receiver (Rx) is equipped with a uniform cylindrical antenna array consisting of 64 elements, which is set on a trolley along the track. Based on the acquired massive MIMO channel impulse responses, delay spread, angle spread, eigenvalue and channel capacity are analyzed. The results reveal that the multipath delay in the tunnel scenario is quite short, the delay spread and angle spread drop rapidly as the distance between Tx and Rx increases and the channel matrix gradually becomes serious. This research provides a reference for the deployment of future 5G systems in the subway tunnel.
The Value of Identifying a Gap in a Reflective Professional Development Program for Informal Science Educators in a Zoo

Abstract Zoos are important informal learning environments. We conducted an external reflective professional development program for a zoo’s informal science educators to understand the process and implications of this program. Six educators engaged in an 8-stage program that included self-observation of videos and discussions with colleagues. Educators' ability to change their educational processes was based on their ability to identify a gap between their declared goals and actual practices, or a gap between their explicit and implicit beliefs. The most impactful aspects of this professional development program were video observations, discussion with colleagues, and the researcher's guidance and scaffolding during video observations with educators.
A genomic‐based vision on the genetic diversity and key performance traits in selectively bred Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

Routine implementation of genomic information for guiding selection decisions is not yet common in the majority of aquaculture species. Reduced representation sequencing approaches offer a cost‐effective solution for obtaining genome‐wide information in species with a limited availability of genomic resources. In the current study, we implemented double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq) on an Arctic charr strain with the longest known history of selection (approximately 40 years) aiming to improve selection decisions. In total, 1730 animals reared at four different farms in Sweden and spanning from year classes 2013–2017 were genotyped using ddRAD‐seq. Approximately 5000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, genetic diversity‐related metrics were estimated, and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for body length at different time points and age of sexual maturation were conducted. Low genetic differentiation amongst animals from the different farms was observed based on both the results from pairwise Fst values and principal component analysis (PCA). The existence of associations was investigated between the mean genome‐wide heterozygosity of each full‐sib family (year class 2017) and the corresponding inbreeding coefficient or survival to the eyed stage. A moderate correlation (−0.33) was estimated between the mean observed heterozygosity of each full‐sib family and the corresponding inbreeding coefficient, while no linear association was obtained with the survival to the eyed stage. GWAS did not detect loci with major effect for any of the studied traits. However, genomic regions explaining more than 1% of the additive genetic variance for either studied traits were suggested across 14 different chromosomes. Overall, key insights valuable for future selection decisions of Arctic charr have been obtained, suggesting ddRAD as an attractive genotyping platform for obtaining genome‐wide information in a cost‐effective manner.
Personal Well-Being, Mental Resilience and Emotional Intelligence in First- and Second-Generation Druze in the Golan Heights

This study examined personal well-being, mental resilience, and emotional intelligence in the first- and second-generation Druze population in the Golan Heights using qualitative and quantitative methods. One hundred Druze respondents completed four questionnaires (emotional intelligence, mental resilience, demographics, personal well-being), and eight participated in semi-structured interviews. One hypothesis was that the first generation (ages 40-62) who lived through the Six-Day War in 1967 when Israel occupied the Syrian-ruled Golan Heights and the annexation process in 1981, would have lower levels of personal well-being and emotional intelligence than the second generation (ages 25-40) who were born and raised in Israel and did not experience these events. Another hypothesis was that the first generation, having experienced those events, would have higher mental resilience than the second generation. The findings showed that the second generation had higher levels of personal well-being and emotional intelligence than the first generation. However, mental resilience levels were higher in the second generation than the first. The findings indicated that memories of the stressful historical events and the sense of loyalty to Syria result in an emotional burden that exposes a low level of resilience. The levels of mental resilience predicted emotional intelligence levels and personal well-being, regardless of generational affiliation. This study's findings may be expanded to describe other communities that have undergone similar political upheaval.
The Clinical Effect of Zoledronic Acid Combined with Teriparatide in Perverting Recurrent Fracture of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compressive Fractures in the Elderly after Percutaneous Kyphoplasty

Background: Zoledronic acid and teriparatide have been proved to be effective in improving bone metabolism and preventing fractures, but there is no clear clinical report on the efficacy of their combined application. Purpose: To discuss the clinical effect of zoledronic acid combined with teriparatide in perverting recurrent fracture of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures (OVCF) in the elderly after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). Method: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University in China from September 2018 and September 2019. A total of 60 patients with OVCF were enrolled in the study (zoledronic acid: 20 cases; teriparatide: 20 cases; zoledronic acid + teriparatide: 20 cases). Observe and compare the changes of bone mineral density (BMD), pro-collagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) before surgery, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. At the same time, secondary fracture events and adverse reaction events were recorded during the follow-up period. Results: After normalized treatment, the bone metabolism indexes of PINP and β-CTX were improved and BMD was increased in three groups. Adverse Reactions: There was no statistical significance in the incidence of fever, gastrointestinal reactions and myalgia among the three groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of recurrent fractures in group A was higher than that in group C (P 0.05). Conclusion: Zoledronic acid combined with teriparatide is superior to Zoledronic acid in preventing the risk of recurrent fracture after PKP for old patients with OVCF, but it has no significant advantage over teriparatide.
A critical review of the cone model for analysis of machine foundations under translational and rotational motion

ABSTRACT Analysis of dynamic behaviour of machine foundations is a challenging task. The prediction of dynamic behaviour can be done using a number of available techniques. In this paper, the suitability of the cone model, a strength of material approach, for predicting the foundation response under dynamic excitation is discussed. The governing equations for dynamic stiffness coefficients, i.e. spring coefficients and damping coefficients are presented for different modes of vibration for surface foundation on both homogeneous half space and two layered soil. The results obtained from the cone model are compared with existing results. It is found that the dynamic impedance functions can be computed accurately by knowing the soil properties underneath the machine foundation and the excitation frequency.
Multivariate Optimization of Cephalexin, Ciprofloxacin, and Clarithromycin Degradation in Medical Laboratory Wastewater by Ozonation

ABSTRACT In this study, the performance of the ozonation process was investigated in the removal of antibiotics (Cephalexin, Ciprofloxacin, and Clarithromycin) from medical laboratory wastewater. Central composite design, one of the response surface methodologies, was applied to optimize process parameters and to develop a mathematical model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to analyze the data and obtain the interactions between the responses and process variables. Independent variables were initial pH, reaction time, and ozone dosage, while the responses were the removal of Cephalexin, Ciprofloxacin, and Clarithromycin. Statgraphics Centurion XVI.I software was used for developing the quadratic regression models in the estimation of removals. The determined correlation coefficients were very high for the removal of all three antibiotics and the model was sufficiently in good agreement with experimental results. The experimental removal fractions of Cephalexin, Ciprofloxacin, and Clarithromycin under optimum process conditions were 99.5%, 98.3%, and 99.6%, respectively. As a result of the study, it was determined that ozonation is an effective treatment method in antibiotic removal from medical laboratory wastewater and the central composite design is a convenient tool for process optimization.
Kin Ties and Market Integration in a Yucatec Mayan Village

The importance of kin relationships varies with socioecological demands. Among subsistence agriculturalists, people commonly manage fluctuations in food availability by relying on family members to share resources and pool labor. However, the process of market integration may disrupt these support networks, which may begin to carry costs or liabilities in novel market environments. The current study aims to address (1) how kin are distributed in household support networks (2) how kin support varies as households become more engaged in market activities, and (3) how variation in kin support is associated with income disparities within a Yucatec Maya community undergoing rapid market integration. Using long-term census data combined with social networks and detailed household economic data, we find that household support networks are primarily composed of related households. Second, households engaged predominantly in wage labor rely less on kin support than agricultural or mixed economy households. Finally, kin support is associated with lower household net income and income per capita. Understanding how kin support systems shift over the course of market integration and in the face of new opportunities for social and economic production provides a unique window into the social and economic drivers of human family formation.
The role of emission reductions and the meteorological situation for air quality improvements during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Central Europe

Abstract. The lockdown measures taken to prevent a rapid spreading of the Corona virus in Europe in spring 2020 led to large emission reductions, particularly in road traffic and aviation. Atmospheric concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 were mostly reduced when compared to observations taken for the same time period in previous years, however, concentration reductions may not only be caused by emission reductions but also by specific weather situations. In order to identify the role of emission reductions and the meteorological situation for air quality improvements in Central Europe, the meteorology chemistry transport model system COSMO-CLM/CMAQ was applied to Europe for the period 1 January to 30 June 2020. Emission data for 2020 was extrapolated from most recent reported emission data and lockdown adjustment factors were computed from reported activity data changes, e.g. google mobility reports. Meteorological factors were investigated through additional simulations with meteorological data from previous years. The results showed that lockdown effects varied significantly among countries and were most prominent for NO2 concentrations in urban areas with two-weeks-average reductions up to 55 % in the second half of March. Ozone concentrations were less strongly influenced (up to +/−15 %) and showed both, increasing and decreasing concentrations due to lockdown measures. This depended strongly on the meteorological situation and on the NOx/VOC emission ratio. PM2.5 revealed 2–12 % reductions of two-weeks-average concentrations in March and April, which is much less than a different weather situation could cause. Unusually low PM2.5 concentrations as observed in Northern Central Europe were only marginally caused by lockdown effects. The lockdown can be seen as a big experiment about air quality improvements that can be achieved through drastic traffic emission reductions. From this investigation, it can be concluded that NO2 concentrations can be largely reduced, but effects on annual average values are small when the measures last only a few weeks. Secondary pollutants like ozone and PM2.5 depend more strongly on weather conditions and show a limited response to emission changes in single sectors.
Investigation of the Morphological, Structural, and Vibrational Behaviour of Graphite Nanoplatelets

This work investigated the morphological, structural, and vibrational properties of graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) that were produced by ultrasonication. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and Raman spectroscopy identified 120-nm-thick GNP crystallites and 50–2000 μm2 plates with different areas and shapes. Extensive exfoliation was observed by transmission electron microscopy with abundant multi and some monolayer GNPs. X-ray diffractometry confirmed 43 GNP layers along the - axis. Rietveld X-ray analysis indicated a GNP crystal lattice with stacks of parallel two-dimensional graphene layers and tightly bound hybridized carbon atoms stacked in a translational …ABAB… sequence in hexagonal rings. Raman scattering indicated well-defined GNPs with few defects and no oxide content. All analytical results reveal that GNPs could have significant potential application in electrically conductive reinforcement devices.