Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on Water Leakage Detection Method in the Water Distribution Network

Leak detection in transmission pipelines is crucially essential for safe operation. Pipeline leak detection systems play a crucial role to minimize the probability of occurrence of leaks and hence their impacts. The distribution pipelines in case of urban water supply need to monitor for contaminants such as microbial growth, internal corrosion of the pipe’s material and other deposits. In addition to the loss of water resources, the contaminant can be infiltrated into the piping system. These contaminants affect not only the quality of the water but also the smoothness of the water pipe flow due to the pressure loss and additional frictions. Therefore, it is essential that this problem be quickly detected and repaired. Today there are many available technologies in the domain of leak detection. This paper will provide you with a fundamental understanding of the operating principles of currently available pipeline leak detection technologies.
Evaluation of tropical feedstuffs for carbohydrate and protein fractions by CNCP system

Seventeen feed ingredients comprising protein sources (linseed cake-LSC, mustard seed cake-MSC, cotton seed cake-CSC, soybean cake-SBC and groundnut cake-GNC), energy sources (deoiled rice bran-DORB, maize grain-MG, barley grain-BG and wheat bran-WB), legume roughages (berseem, cowpea hay-CH, Stylosanthes hamata-SH and Acacia catechu-AC) and non-legume roughages (ammoniated wheat straw-AWS, guinea grass-GG, maize fodder -MF and sorghum fodder-SF) were evaluated for carbohydrate and nitrogen fractions as well as mineral contents. In CNCP system, crude protein content of feed is partitioned into 5 fractions (A, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and C) and carbohydrate into 4 fractions (A, B 1 , B 2 and C) according to degradation rates. The proximate composition, cell wall constituents, carbohydrate and nitrogen fractions of different feeds vary significantly amongst the groups. The CHO, C NSC , CB 1 , and Cc fractions of carbohydrate were higher in energy, while C A and C B2 fraction of CHO were more in protein sources. Total CHO and C B2 fraction of carbohydrates were more in non-legume while C A , C NSC and Cc fractions were higher in legume roughages. Amongst the studied feedstuffs P A and P B fractions of protein were higher in protein sources, while P B2 , P B3 and P C fractions were higher in energy sources. Legumes exhibited higher contents of P AB2/sub>, while non-legume had higher P A , P B1 and P B3 fraction of protein. Concentration of macro (%) and micro minerals (ppm) of feed stuffs differed across feeds (energy and protein) and roughages (legumes and non legumes). It is concluded from the present study that feedstuffs chemical properties for carbohydrate and nitrogen fractions are unique and different. Therefore feed ingredients selection based on CNCPS evaluation will be more logical for formulating efficient diets for livestock.
Exploitation: Bridging Social and Distributive Egalitarianism

Social egalitarians have charged distributive egalitarianism with abandoning the victims of option luck, disrespecting victims of brute luck and misunderstanding the aim of egalitarian justice. Social egalitarians have tended to favour a conception of equality that is concerned with ending oppression and expressing equal respect for everyone. In this article, I argue that what has so far been missing from this debate is the fundamental connection that exists between distributive egalitarianism and a conception of exploitation. Once this connection is understood, we can see that social egalitarians are unfair in their criticisms. Importantly, the connection to exploitation reveals that social egalitarianism and distributive egalitarianism are not rival positions. When it comes to exploitation, the two positions are able to coordinate and identify two core wrong-making features that form part of an exploitative interaction.
An Investigation on Fishes of The Turkish Rebuplic of Northern Cyprus

This investigation was carried out for the determination of fish species living on the coasts of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Of 49 determined species, Pempheris vanicolensis is a new record for Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Some morphometric, meristic and ecological characteristics of this species were examined.
Role of technological dimensions of green supply chain management practices on firm performance

PurposeThe research study aims to investigate green supply chain management (GSCM) elements as part of a complete system. It aims to understand the special properties of the GSCM system under the moderating effects of product complexity and purchasing structure.Design/methodology/approachA thorough literature review led to the building of the conceptual framework. Six constructs were identified using systems theory. These constructs include green supply chain technological dimensions (particularly, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based), green supply chain strategy, green supply chain process, product complexity, purchasing structure, and firm performance. The instrument was scientifically developed for gathering survey responses using complete design test methods. The conceptual model was eventually tested based on survey data collected from 250 automotive components and allied manufacturers in the emerging economy of South Africa.FindingsThe results indicate that GSCM technological dimensions (AI-based) positively influence GSCM strategy. Further, GSCM strategy was found to positively influence the GSCM process. The GSCM processes have significant effects on environmental performance, social performance, and financial performance. The product complexity has a significant moderation effect on the paths GSCM strategy and GSCM process.Originality/valueThe findings from multivariate data analysis provide a better understanding of GSCM system dynamics and are helpful to key decision-makers. This unique model has elevated GSCM theory to a new level. There are limited studies available in the existing GSCM literature using systems theory. This study will offer an advanced/comprehensive understanding to readers in this relatively new concept.
Fine-tuning the electronic structure of heavy-atom-free BODIPY photosensitizers for fluorescence imaging and mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy

Theranostics that combines both diagnosis and therapy into a single platform has recently emerged as a promising biomedical approach for cancer treatment; however, the development of efficient theranostic agents with excellent optical properties remains a challenge. Here, we report novel mitochondria-targeting BODIPY photosensitizers (R-BODs) that possess considerable singlet oxygen generation capabilities and good fluorescence properties for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). The incorporation of sulfur atoms into the π-conjugated skeleton of BODIPY along with the introduction of different functional groups at the meso-position of the BODIPY core is essential for tuning the photophysical and photosensitizing properties. Notably, the MeOPh-substituted thiophene-fused BODIPY (MeO-BOD, R = p-methoxyphenyl) displayed the highest singlet oxygen generation capability (ΦΔ ≈ 0.85 in air-saturated acetonitrile) and a moderate fluorescence quantum yield (Φf = 17.11). Furthermore, MeO-BOD showed good biocompatibility, low dark toxicity and superior fluorescence imaging properties in living cells. More importantly, the PDT efficacy of mitochondria-specific anchoring of MeO-BOD was remarkably amplified with an extremely low half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 95 nM. We believe that the incorporation of an electron-donating group at the meso-position of the thiophene-fused BODIPY platform may be an effective approach for developing theranostic agents for precision cancer therapy.
The joint production of confidence – self-regulation in European crowdfunding markets

PurposeThe paper discusses the rationale for a widespread reliance on Codes of Conduct (CoC) in European crowdfunding through the lenses of economic theories of self-regulation. By analysing the institutional design of CoCs in crowdfunding, the paper illustrates the differences in their regulatory context, inclusiveness, monitoring and enforcement. It offers the first systematic overview of substantial rules of CoCs in crowdfunding.Design/methodology/approachA comparative case study of nine CoCs in Europe is used to illustrate differences in their institutional design and discern the economic purpose of the CoC.FindingsThe institutional design of different CoCs in Europe mainly supports voluntary theories of self-regulation. In particular, the theory of reputation commons has the most explanatory power. The substantial rules of CoC in different markets show the potential sources of market failure through the perspectives of platforms.Research limitations/implicationsCoCs appear in various regulatory, cultural, and industry contexts of different countries. Some of the institutional design features of CoC might be a result of these characteristics.Practical implicationsCrowdfunding associations wishing to develop their own CoC may learn from a comparative overview of key provisions.Social implicationsFor governments in Europe, contemplating creating or revising bespoke crowdfunding regimes, the paper identifies areas where crowdfunding platforms perceive market failure.Originality/valueThis paper is the first systematic study of self-regulatory institutions in European crowdfunding. The paper employs a theoretical framework for the analysis of self-regulation in crowdfunding and provides a comparison of a regulatory context, inclusiveness, monitoring and enforcement of different CoCs in Europe.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI KERENTANAN DAN PERSEPSI MANFAAT TERHADAP PERILAKU REMAJA PUTRI DALAM PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA

Salah satu masalah kesehatan di Indonesia yang belum selesai penanganannya adalah anemia pada remaja putri yang memiliki dampak jangka panjang. Remaja putri mempunyai kebutuhan zat besi tiga kali lipat dibandingkan dengan remaja putra sehingga remaja putri mempunyai kerentanan yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami anemia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh persepsi kerentanan (perceive susceptibility) dan persepsi manfaat (perceived benefit) terhadap perilaku remaja putri dalam pencegahan anemia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancang bangun crossectional. Responden yang digunakan adalah remaja putri kelas X dan XI SMA Unggulan Zainul Hasan dengan besar sampel 68 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara dan alat pengukur hemoglobin metode stik (Hb meter). Analisis data menggunakan metode statistik uji chi square dan regresi berganda. Dari hasil uji statistik didapatkan bahwa sebagian besar remaja putri (76,5%) mempunyai persepsi kerentanan yang rendah, persepsi manfaat yang rendah (77,9%), menderita anemia (79,4%) dan mempunyai perilaku pencegahan anemia yang tidak baik (73,5%). Nilai tingkat signifikansi p = 0,000 sehingga ada pengaruh persepsi kerentanan dan persepsi manfaat terhadap perilaku pencegahan anemia pada remaja putri. Semakin tinggi persepsi kerentanan dan persepsi manfaat remaja putri, semakin mempunyai perilaku yang baik terhadap pencegahan anemia.
Exploring morpho-physiological profiles of a collection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) germplasm using multivariate statistics

Abstract A selection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes with diverse origin and breeding history including 33 landraces, eight modern varieties and two commercial hybrids has been characterized using a set of 25 qualitative descriptors and six quantitative traits. A wide range of variation was evident for the majority of traits, highlighting their utility for characterizing tomato germplasm collections. A plethora of qualitative traits including type of leaf blade, depression and ribbing at peduncle end, fruit shape at blossom end, number of locules and flowering time, as well as measured traits with economic importance such as fruit fresh weight, firmness and total yield per plant, were found to be highly variable within the collection, with a diversity index greater than 0.8. Strong correlations were detected among several traits related to fruit yield and quality. Two-dimensional principal component analysis as well as the unsupervised hierarchical clustering grouped genotypes according to their phenotypic resemblance and morphological characteristics to a great extent. Landraces from different origins were scattered across the whole variation spectrum of PC1 and PC2. A set of six qualitative traits could efficiently discriminate cultivars in PCA (explaining 75% of total variation), suggesting that it can serve as a valuable breeding tool for the germplasm characterization. The evaluation of the phenotypic diversity in the collection as well as the identification of traits that contribute most to heterogeneity have important implications for establishing core collections with high diversity, as well as designing breeding schemes across the Mediterranean basin.
Postural Control in Children with Cerebellar Ataxia

Controlling posture, i.e., governing the ensemble of involuntary muscular activities that manage body equilibrium, represents a demanding function in which the cerebellum plays a key role. Postural activities are particularly important during gait initiation when passing from quiet standing to locomotion. Indeed, several studies used such motor task for evaluating pathological conditions, including cerebellar disorders. The linkage between cerebellum maturation and the development of postural control has received less attention. Therefore, we evaluated postural control during quiet standing and gait initiation in children affected by a slow progressive generalized cerebellar atrophy (SlowP) or non-progressive vermian hypoplasia (Joubert syndrome, NonP), compared to that of healthy children (H). Despite the similar clinical evaluation of motor impairments in NonP and SlowP, only SlowP showed a less stable quiet standing and a shorter and slower first step than H. Moreover, a descriptive analysis of lower limb and back muscle activities suggested a more severe timing disruption in SlowP. Such differences might stem from the extent of cerebellar damage. However, literature reports that during childhood, neural plasticity of intact brain areas could compensate for cerebellar agenesis. We thus proposed that the difference might stem from disease progression, which contrasts the consolidation of compensatory strategies.
Modeling the Theoretical Structure of Deviant Convenience in White-Collar Crime

ABSTRACT The research literature on the white-collar crime phenomenon has accumulated for several decades. This article attempts to organize important research contributions under the umbrella term of convenience, which implies savings in time and effort, as well as avoidance of pain and obstacles. The theoretical structure is first broken down into the motive of financial gain, the organizational opportunity, and the personal willingness for deviant behavior. The motive derives from possibilities or threats, which can be individual or corporate. The opportunity is the acts to commit and to conceal financial crime, where conveniently committing a crime is based on status and access, while conveniently concealing crime is based on decay, chaos, and collapse. The willingness derives from choice or innocence, where choice relates to identity, rationality, and learning, while innocence relates to justification and neutralization. This model of the theoretical structure of deviant convenience in white-collar crime serves the purpose of stimulating further research into theoretical as well as empirical aspects of the white-collar crime phenomenon.
Effects of epidural combined with general anesthesia versus general anesthesia alone in gastric cancer surgery: a propensity score matching analysis

Background This study was conducted retrospectively to investigate the survival of patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery with epidural combined with general anesthesia (EGA) and general anesthesia alone (GA). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 596 patients with gastric cancer who were scheduled for radical resection. Propensity score matching was performed at a 1:1 ratio between GA (n=97) and EGA (n=97) to reduce selection bias. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors significantly correlated with recurrence and/or metastasis and prognosis. The 5-year overall survival rates of patients receiving EGA and GA alone were compared. Results After the propensity scores were matched, there were 97 patients who underwent EGA and 97 patients who underwent GA. For the entire population, reconstruction type, pN stage, and complications were significantly correlated with prognosis based on multivariate analyses. For patients with a recurrence and/or metastasis, lymphadenectomy and pN stage were shown to be independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. Conclusions In summary, patients might benefit from EGA as a result of better analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, fewer postoperative complications, higher safety, and a lower rate of metastasis and recurrence is conducive to postoperative recovery in patients with gastric cancer.
Sentiment Analysis on Synchronous Online Delivery of Instruction due to Extreme Community Quarantine in the Philippines caused by COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID19 Pandemic, as declared by the World Health Organization, disrupts classes around the globe that include the Philippines. Students and teachers are facing challenges in instructional delivery due to unprepared situations caused by the decision of the government for community quarantine. This study aims to reveal the sentiment of the students in the view of synchronous online delivery of instruction due to extreme community quarantine caused by COVID-19 Pandemic. Students in the College of Business and Public Administration (CBPA) of Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus are the respondents of the study. All Students are invited to answer an open-ended question on the possible problems that they may encounter in synchronous online delivery of instruction. The majority of the respondents have forecasted that they might face issues, and the majority of the respondents are worried about internet connectivity in the area. This study concludes that the majority of the students are not yet ready in a synchronous mode of delivery, and it is recommended that institutions in the Philippines may provide an additional way of instructional delivery to maintain academic excellence in challenging times.
Soil loss tolerance in calcareous soils of a semiarid region: evaluation, prediction, and influential parameters

Predicting soil loss tolerance (T‐value) as a first and crucial step in assessing soil erosion using pedotransfer functions (PTFs) could save time and cost. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate T‐value and its influential parameters for calcareous soils of the Dorudzan Watershed, Fars Province, Iran, and to develop PTFs for its prediction using easily measureable soil properties. T‐value was determined in 60 soil profiles based on the soil thickness method. Various basic soil properties were used to develop five PTFs using stepwise multiple linear regression. T‐value varied from 3.5 to 22.5 with a mean value of 10.4 t ha−1 yr−1, which is approximately equal to the proposed value by US Department of Agriculture (11 t ha−1 yr−1). T‐value in Inceptisols located in the dam shore and agricultural lands was significantly higher than that of Entisols located in the forest and rangelands. Organic matter (OM) with a correlation coefficient of . 77 with T‐value was the most influential variable in prediction of T‐value. The PTF 5, which used OM, soil aggregate stability, and permeability, with the highest R2 (0.72 and 0.79), the lowest mean error (−0.44 and 1.75 t ha−1 yr−1), the lowest root mean square error (2.98 and 2.75 t ha−1 yr−1) and the minimum Akaike information criterion (51.1 and 17.2) provided the best predictions for T‐value. However, when considering the acceptable indices and easier measureable soil properties (OM, soil erodibility, and pH) in PTF 3, we concluded that it was the best model to predict T‐value. Generally, the application of thickness method is recommended to determine T‐value in semiarid regions.
The importance of reward-evaluating mechanisms for animal welfare

An increasing need exists for tools to assess and improve animal welfare in an objective and scientifically based manner. This review presents an overview of knowledge and factors related to animal welfare, and explains a new concept to approach animal welfare research. This concept is based on reward-evaluating mechanisms in the brain and states that welfare is determined by the balance between positive and negative experiences. This implies that an interaction exists between stress- and reward-systems in the brain, and as a consequence: I. negative experiences induce an increased sensitivity (need) for positive experiences. II. negative experiences can be compensated by positive experiences. In this line of reasoning, reward-related behaviour is proposed to be an important tool to measure and improve animal welfare. Based on this, two uses of reward-related behaviour can be hypothesized: I. reward-sensitivity may be a tool to assess the state of an animal in terms of welfare, since it can be indicative of the current state of the balance that is dependent on previous (stressful) experiences. II. regular presentations of rewards may serve as a tool to counteract stress thereby moving the balance to the positive side and, thus, to improve welfare. This has been investigated by using the rat as a model and reward-sensitivity is determined by the spontaneous behavioural response an animal shows in expectation of a reward (i.e. anticipatory behavior). A third use of reward-related behaviour comes from the fact that anticipatory behaviour is influenced by the (rewarding) properties of the forthcoming reward (or other event), and thus, III. may serve as a tool to assess animal perception of this reward/event. A descriptive overview is given of the evidence obtained thus far for the proposed uses of reward-related behaviour. The biological background of the presented concept of welfare can be generalized to all (vertebrate) species and anticipatory behaviour can be evoked in a wide range of other species. Therefore, this tool to measure and improve welfare of captive animals has great potential.