Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The intelligent lockdown: Compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures in the Netherlands

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Dutch government has introduced an “intelligent lockdown” with stay at home and social distancing measures. The Dutch approach to mitigate the virus focuses less on repression and more on moral appeals and self-discipline. This study assessed how compliance with the measures have worked out in practice and what factors might affect whether Dutch people comply with the measures. We analyzed data from an online survey, conducted between April 7-14, among 568 participants. The overall results showed reported compliance was high. This suggests that the Dutch approach has to some extent worked as hoped in practice. Repression did not play a significant role in compliance, while intrinsic (moral and social) motivations did produce better compliance. Yet appeals on self-discipline did not work for everyone, and people with lower impulse control were more likely to violate the rules. In addition, compliance was lower for people who lacked the practical capacity to follow the measures and for those who have the opportunity to break the measures. Sustained compliance, therefore, relies on support to aid people to maintain social distancing and restrictions to reduce opportunities for unsafe gatherings. These findings suggest several important practical recommendations for combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Zero- to Ultralow-Field NMR

This article presents the basic principles and methodology used in modern implementations of zero- to ultralow-field NMR (ZULF NMR), with emphasis on the case where spin evolution is detected directly in the ZULF environment. In contrast to conventional high-field NMR, ZULF NMR allows for measurement of spin–spin interactions ‘in their natural environment’ free of truncation by dominant coupling to applied magnetic fields. However, the absence of a large applied magnetic field means that spin precession frequencies and equilibrium spin polarization—related to the sensitivity of inductive detection and to the magnitude of the measurable magnetization, respectively—are dramatically lower than in the high-field case. ZULF NMR thus requires the use of alternative detectors such as atomic magnetometers, along with the production of nonequilibrium spin polarization as prepared by, for example, prepolarization in a permanent magnet or parahydrogen-induced polarization. Nevertheless, ZULF NMR permits particularly high-resolution measurement of spin–spin couplings due to the high absolute magnetic field homogeneity and the absence of certain relaxation pathways such as chemical shift anisotropy or susceptibility-induced gradients. Furthermore, ZULF NMR is capable of directly detecting spin interactions that do not commute with the Zeeman Hamiltonian and are thus unobservable with high-field NMR. Keywords: ZULF NMR; zero-field NMR; field-cycling NMR; hyperpolarization; PHIP; spin–spin coupling; J-coupling; J-spectroscopy; atomic magnetometry; alkali vapor cell magnetometry
Evaluation of the District Health Information System 2 supported malaria reporting system in Solomon Islands

BackgroundDistrict Health Information Systems 2 (DHIS2) is used for supporting health information management in 67 countries, including Solomon Islands. However, there have been few published evaluations of the performance of DHIS2-enhanced disease reporting systems, in particular for monitoring infectious diseases such as malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate DHIS2 supported malaria reporting in Solomon Islands and to develop recommendations for improving the system.MethodsThe evaluation was conducted in three administrative areas of Solomon Islands: Honoria City Council, and Malaita and Guadalcanal Provinces. Records of nine malaria indicators from 1st January to 31st December 2016 were extracted from the DHIS2 database. The indicators permitted assessment in four core areas: availability, completeness, timeliness and reliability. To obtain more detailed information on the performance of the malaria case reporting system, focus group discussions were conducted with health centre nurses, whilst in-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholder representatives from government (province and national) staff and WHO officials who were users of DHIS2. ResultsData were extracted from nine health centres in Honoria City Council and 64 health centres in Malaita Province. The completeness and timeliness from the two provinces of all nine indicators were 28.2% and 5.1% respectively. The most reliable indicator in DHIS2 was ‘clinical malaria’ (i.e. numbers of clinically diagnosed malaria cases) with 62.4% reliability. Challenges to completeness were a lack of supervision, limited feedback, high workload, and a lack of training and refresher courses. Health centres located in geographically remote areas, a lack of regular transport, high workload and too many variables in the reporting forms led to delays in timely reporting. Reliability of reports was impacted by a lack of technical professionals such as statisticians and unavailability of tally sheets and reporting forms. ConclusionThe availability, completeness, timeliness and reliability of nine malaria indicators collected in DHIS2 were variable within the study area, but generally low. Continued onsite support, supervision, feedback and additional enhancements such as electronic reporting will be required to further improve the malaria reporting system.
His and her working hours and well-Being in Germany: A longitudinal crossover-spillover analysis

This paper investigates the relationship between work time arrangements and personal well-being in married and cohabiting couples. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Survey (SOEP), we study how the number of hours worked by the survey respondents and their partners influenced their own well-being. We also investigate possible transmission mechanisms between the two variables, namely income, hours spent in homemaking and care activities, and possible mismatch between desired and actual hours. Using Hybrid panel models we find evidence of different relations according to the respondent’s gender: Women report higher satisfaction with the increase of their partner’s working hours, while the opposite is true for men. At the same time, own hours have a positive effect on men’s life satisfaction, while they have the opposite effect for women. The presence of young children in the household further amplifies these results. Our conclusion is that respondents are happier when their and their partner’s behavior conforms to the roles of female homemaker and male breadwinner. Considering the absence of a strong mechanism related to time needs and time desires, we suggest those results are related to strong traditional attitudes towards gender roles and female labor force participation in the country considered.
Social, Cognitive, and Emotional Predictors of Adherence to Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objectives. To identify targetable psychosocial predictors of adherence to physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic using theories of health behaviour change. Methods. Using a cross-sectional sample (N = 1003) representative of the population in terms of age, gender, and urbanicity in Quebec, Canada, we examined social, cognitive, and emotional predictors of adherence to physical distancing. Results. Individuals were more likely to report adhering to physical distancing if they believed it is their civic duty to adhere (injunctive personal norms), that physical distancing will benefit others and the broader crisis (perceived benefits for others), and if they perceive that other people are following these directives (descriptive social norms). In contrast, perceived personal risk and emotional factors were not significantly related to physical distancing. Moderation analyses revealed unique predictors depending on health risk status, essential workers status, and urbanicity.Conclusions. These results highlight the importance of health beliefs and perceived social norms in shaping responses to physical distancing directives, and offer insights into ways to frame public health communications for different segments of the population.
High hydrostatic pressure inactivation of Lactobacillus plantarum cells in (O/W)-emulsions is independent from cell surface hydrophobicity and lipid phase parameters

ABSTRACT Inactivation efficiency of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing of food is strongly affected by food matrix composition. We investigated effects of fat on HHP inactivation of spoilage-associated Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum strains using defined oil-in-water (O/W)-emulsion model systems. Since fat-mediated effects on HHP inactivation could be dependent on interactions between lipid phase and microbial cells, three major factors possibly influencing such interactions were considered, that is, cell surface hydrophobicity, presence and type of surfactants, and oil droplet size. Pressure tolerance varied noticeably among L. plantarum strains and was independent of cell surface hydrophobicity. We showed that HHP inactivation of all strains tended to be more effective in presence of fat. The observation in both, surfactant-stabilized and surfactant-free (O/W)-emulsion, indicates that cell surface hydrophobicity is no intrinsic pressure resistance factor. In contrast to the presence of fat per se, surfactant type and oil droplet size did not affect inactivation efficiency.
A parameterisation for the co-condensation of semi-volatile organics into multiple aerosol particle modes

Abstract. A new parameterisation for the cloud droplet activation of multiple aerosol modes is presented that includes the effects of the co-condensation of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The novel work comes from the dynamic condensation parameterisation that approximates the partitioning of the SVOCs into the condensed phase at cloud base. The dynamic condensation parameterisation differs from equilibrium absorptive partitioning theory by calculating time-dependent condensed masses that depend on the updraft velocity. Additionally, more mass is placed on smaller particles than at equilibrium, which is in better agreement with parcel model simulations. All of the SVOCs with saturation concentrations below 1×10−3 µg m−3 are assumed to partition into the condensed phase at cloud base, defined as 100 % relative humidity, and the dynamic condensation parameterisation is used to distribute this mass between the different aerosol modes. An existing cloud droplet activation scheme is then applied to the aerosol particles at cloud base with modified size distributions and chemical composition to account for the additional mass of the SVOCs. Parcel model simulations have been performed to test the parameterisation with a range of aerosol size distributions, composition, and updrafts. The results show excellent agreement between the parameterisation and the parcel model and the inclusion of the SVOCs does not degrade the performance of the underlying cloud droplet activation scheme.
Experimental determination and mathematical modeling of the drying kinetics of a single droplet of colloidal silica

ABSTRACT Colloidal silica has been used frequently as a model material of drying in the past two decades. Several models of single droplet drying have been validated against the sole experimental evidence by Nešić and Vodnik (Kinetics of droplet evaporation. Chemical Engineering Science 1991, 46(2), 527–537), in which relatively scattered experimental data on drying of single droplet of colloidal silica were provided. Due to the importance of this sort of data, the drying of single droplet of colloidal silica was determined more accurately under more extensive conditions in this work. The effect of air temperature on the drying of single droplet of colloidal silica was probed as well as the evolution of particle morphology. The droplet of colloidal silica was found to shrink irregularly during drying due to uneven exposure of droplet surface to air stream. The moisture within the droplet appears to transfer freely to the surface, keeping the surface highly moist. For a large part of drying process, drying of single droplet of colloidal silica is similar to the evaporation of water droplet, which can be predicted well using a simple mathematical model.
Short Term Result of Revision Total Hip Replacement after Failed Hemiarthroplasty

Background: Total hip arthroplasty is the most common surgery performed for complications of hip hemiarthroplasty. Hemiarthroplasty has been a good method of treating displaced fracture neck of femur. With the increased demands placed on the prosthesis by highly active patients, the failure rate increased following hemiarthroplasty. Pain is the most reliable complaint that indicates failure. Pain may be due to many complications related to hemiarthroplasty as loosening, sepsis, protrusio, dislocation, and periprosthetic and prosthetic fractures. Conversion to total hip replacement is a good method for treating patients with painful hemiarthroplasties. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the result of revision total hip replacement after failed hemiarthroplasty. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study included 62 patients with ages ranged from 38 years to 75 years with a mean (62.7±11.38), with the conversion of failed hip hemiarthroplasty to total hip arthroplasty between 2000 and 2015 with a minimum follow up 5 years and maximum follow up 10 years at Zagazig University Hospital. Males represented 54.8% (34 cases) and females were 45.2% (28 cases). Results: Our study that the mean Harris hip score significantly increased from 21.87±8.31 preoperative to 74.21±18.3 postoperative P=0.00** and postoperative radiologically we find that 58 patients (93.5%) has fixed implants and 4 patients (6.5%) has loose implants. Conclusions: This present study showed that the conversion of failed hemiarthroplasty to THR is a good way of treatment for painful hemiarthroplasties. Conversion is a complicated surgery with a higher rate of complications both intra and postoperatively.
Determination of Clenbuterol in Pig Liver Following Prolonged Administration of a Growth-Promoting Dose

Liver concentration of clenbuterol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 12 female pigs on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 after prolonged administration of growth-promoting dose of clenbuterol. The analytical procedure showed good recovery, while intra-assay results showed acceptable variation in individual measuraments for all samples to which 0.5, 2 or 5 ng/g clenbuterol were added. The assay detection limit was 0.13 ng/g and quantification limit 0.16 ng/g.The results indicated that 80% clenbuterol depletion in pig liver occurred during the first 7 days after cessation of administration, however, more than 14 days were required for the clenbuterol concentration to fall below the maximal residual level of 0.5 ng/g. On day 21 of clenbuterol discontinuation, residues of the drug were detectable in pig liver, suggesting that clenbuterol residues persist in liver as an edible tissue and may induce a risk for consumer health.
Over-expression of vitronectin correlates with impaired survival in gastric cancers

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Over-expression of vitronectin (VN) is associated with tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of VN expression in gastric cancer. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was performed to screen the hub gene from The Cancer Genome Atlas gastric cancer patients with complete follow-up data, and 347 patients were finally included. Moreover, 102 patients were enrolled from the Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University. VN expression in paired gastric cancer and adjacent gastric normal tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry, and the clinicopathological significance of VN expression was evaluated. The prognostic significance of VN expression in gastric cancer patients was evaluated using by Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis and confirmed using Oncomine. VN was the prognosis relative gene which screened by The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Moreover, we identified the VN expression in an external dataset by immunohistochemistry. The result demonstrated that VN expression was remarkedly elevated in gastric cancer tissues (P < .001). High VN expression correlated with higher pathological Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage, and poorer survival outcomes. Cox regression analysis showed that VN expression was independently predictive of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (P = .004, P < .001, respectively). A prognostic risk score for OS was built based on VN expression. A meta-analysis from Oncomine datasets revealed that significantly lower VN mRNA levels in gastric cancer correlated with poorer OS. VN expression could be a prognostic marker of gastric cancer.
Drug utilization pattern and factors associated with polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy in geriatric medical out-patients at a rural health training centre in India

Context: Multiple chronic illnesses associated with ageing population demands the role of polypharmacy. Drug utilization study in terms of description of drug use pattern in the geriatric patients aids in monitoring polypharmacy as well as to determine the factors contributing to it. Objectives: To analyse the drug utilization pattern in geriatric patients at a rural health training centre. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural health centre to assess the drug utilization pattern using the WHO core drug prescribing indicators. Polypharmacy was defined as usage of 5-8 drugs and excessive polypharmacy as intake of 10 or more drugs. The drugs were coded using Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical classification. Univariate and bivariate analysis were done using SPSS to present the data. Results: Among 207 patients, 29.5% were on polypharmacy and 1.5% patients on excessive polypharmacy. About 75% of patients had one or more comorbid medical condition. A total number of 829 drugs were prescribed and the average number of drugs per prescription was 4.02. Conclusion: The drug utilization pattern analysis in the geriatric patients reveals deviation of the average number of drugs per prescription from the WHO standard recommendation. The most common comorbid condition among the geriatric patients was diabetes mellitus. This drug utilization study imparts knowledge about the use of polypharmacy, comorbidities and the pattern of commonly used drugs among the geriatric patients in rural area. Periodic assessment of the pattern of drug utilization in the elderly aids to improve the prescribing pattern and minimize patient harm.
Effect of psychosocial trauma and stress on sexual dysfunction in women with endometriosis

Abstract Background: Endometrial tissue plays an important role in the regulation of female fertility and there is evidence that endometrial pathology (including endometriosis) is closely related to endocrine disorders. On the other hand, various neuroendocrine changes can be significantly affected by psychosocial stress. In connection with these findings, we tested the relationship between neuroendocrine changes, sexual dysfunction, psychosocial/traumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms in women with endometriosis. Methods: A total of 65 patients with endometriosis were included in the study. Clinical examinations were focused on the biochemical analysis of neuroendocrine markers of endometriosis (cancer antigen 125 [CA 125] and cancer antigen 19-9 [CA 19-9]), estradiol, psychometric evaluation of sexual dysfunction, psychosocial/traumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms. Results: The results showed significant Spearman correlations between the values of the revised range of sexual difficulties for sexual dysfunction (Revised Female Sexual Distress Scale), psychosocial/traumatic stress (Trauma Symptoms Checklist) (R = 0.31), and dissociative symptoms (Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire) (R = 0.33). Positive correlations were also found between CA 125 and CA 19-9 (R = 0.63), and between CA 125 and the results of the values of the revised scale of sexual difficulties for sexual dysfunction (Revised Female Sexual Distress Scale) (R = 0.29). Also psychosocial/traumatic stress (Trauma Symptoms Checklist) significantly correlated with CA 125 (R = 0.38) and with CA 19-9 (R = 0.33). Conclusion: These results represent the first findings regarding the relationship of the neuroendocrine markers CA 125 and CA 19-9 and sexual dysfunction with trauma/stress-related symptoms and dissociative symptoms in women with endometriosis.
Determinants of quality of life among individuals seeking mental health care after termination of state of emergency due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Abstract Prompted by the need to measure the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 on main areas of quality of life related to mental health (MH), the COV-19—impact on quality of life (COV19-QoL) scale has been developed recently. We measured how patients seeking face-to-face MH care perceived the coronavirus disease 2019 impact on QoL and how socio-demographic factors, stress, and personality contributed to QoL in this diagnostically diverse population. Patients aged 18 to 65 years (n = 251) who came for the first time to the outpatient units during the 6-week index-period (May 21–July 1, 2020) were included. The cross-sectional assessment involved sociodemographic variables, working diagnosis, personality traits (7-dimension model, including HEXACO and DELTA), stress (list of threatening experiences and proximity to virus), and COV19-QoL. The perceived impact of the pandemic on QoL was above the theoretical mean of a 5-point scale (COV19-Qol = 3.1 ± 1.2). No association between total COV19-QoL score, sociodemographic parameters, and working diagnoses was found in the present sample. After testing whether positional (threatening experiences), or dispositional (personality) factors were predominant in the perceived impact of COV-19 on QoL, significant predictors of the outcome were personality traits Disintegration (B = 0.52; P < .01) and Emotionality (B = 0.18; P < .05). It seems that pervasiveness and uncertainty of the pandemic threat triggers—especially in those high on Disintegration trait—a chain of mental events with the decrease of QoL as a final result. Present findings could be used to establish a profile of MH help seeking population in relation to this biological disaster, and to further explore QoL and personality in different contexts.