Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Frailty versus Initial Glasgow Coma Score in Predicting Outcomes Following Chronic Subdural Hemorrhage: A Preliminary Analysis

Background Initial Glasgow Coma Score (iGCS) is a well-known predictor of adverse outcomes following chronic subdural hemorrhage (cSDH). Frailty, i.e. a reduced physiologic reserve, is associated with poorer outcomes across the surgical literature, however, there is no consensus on the best measure of frailty. To date, no study has compared frailty’s ability to predict cSDH outcomes versus iGCS. The goal of this study was to, therefore, examine the prognostic value of the 5- (mFI-5) and 11-factor (mFI-11) modified frailty index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) versus iGCS following cSDH. Methods Between January, 2016 and June, 2018, patients who presented to the emergency department with cSDH were retrospectively identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. mFI-5, mFI-11, and CCI scores were calculated using patient baseline characteristics. Primary endpoints were death and discharge home and subgroup analyses were performed among operative cSDH. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine predictors of primary endpoints. Results Of the 109 patients identified, the average age was 72.6±1.6 years and the majority (69/109, 63.3%) were male. The average CCI, mFI-5, and mFI-11 were 4.5 ±0.2, 1.5 ±0.1, and 2.2 ±0.1, respectively. Fifty (45.9%) patients required surgical intervention, 11 (10.1%) died, and 48 (43.4%) were discharged home. In the overall cohort, while the only multivariate predictor of mortality was iGCS (OR=0.58; 95%CI:0.44-0.77; p=0.0001), the CCI (OR=0.73; 95%CI:0.58-0.92; p=0.0082) was a superior predictor of discharge home compared to iGCS (OR=1.46; 95%CI:1.13-1.90; p=0.0041). Conversely, among those who received an operative intervention, the CCI, but not iGCS, independently predicted both mortality (OR=4.24; 95%CI:1.01-17.86; p=0.0491) and discharge home (OR=0.55; 95%CI:0.33-0.90; p=0.0170). Neither mFI nor age predicted primary outcomes in multivariate analysis. Conclusion While frailty is associated with worse surgical outcomes, the clinical utility of the mFI-5, mFI-11, and CCI in cSDH is unclear. We show that the iGCS is an overall superior predictor of mortality following cSDH but is outperformed by the CCI after operative intervention. Similarly, the CCI is the superior predictor of discharge home in cSDH patients overall and following an operative intervention. These results indicate that while the iGCS best predicts mortality overall, the CCI may be considered when prognosticating post-operative course and hospital disposition.
Effect of corporate governance on the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria

Banks are expected to operate within acceptable standards of governance for consistent profitable operations. They run heavily on customer deposits, which is confidence-driven. Since the quality of governance is critical to winning and retaining customer confidence and patronage, the imperative for good governance practices in banks cannot be overemphasized. This research paper explores the nexus between governance practices and bank profitability in Nigeria. It adopts the size of bank board and directors’ stake as proxies for corporate governance, with return on assets and return on equity as representations for financial performance. The research incorporates firm size as a controlled variable. The estimation technique of the Generalized Method of Moments was employed. Evidence from the research reveals that board size, directors’ equity, and firm size substantially affect Nigerian banks’ financial performance. Besides, the study shows a robust effect of lagged return on equity on the current level of performance. Therefore, the study asserts that governance in business entities strongly affects their financial performance and recommends maintaining optimum board size to minimize boardroom conflicts. It further prescribes that the requirement for substantial equity stake by directors of banking institutions be sustained, as it secures commitment to governance practices that support profitability. AcknowledgmentThe authors acknowledge the support of Covenant University towards the publication of this paper.
TURBULENCE INDUCED COARSENING ARREST IN SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION

We study the spinodal decomposition of a binary mixture in presence of fluid turbulence. Our study shows that the coarsening is arrested in presence of turbulence. The scale at which the coarsening is arrested can be estimated by means of the phenomenological argument proposed by Hinze [4] to estimate the maximum stable droplet diameter in turbulent emulsions.
Subtropical Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Swarming Dynamics and Africanization Rates in Northeastern Mexico and Southern Texas

Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L. , swarming dynamics and Africanization rates were monitored over a 5-yr period from 1988 to 1993 in the northeast Mexican State of Tamaulipas and in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas before, during, and after the arrival of the neotropical African honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata Ruttner, to these areas. The study reports results obtained from 95,586 site-days of monitoring activities in northeastern Mexico (63 sites on a 200 km long east–west transect), and 68,428 site-days in southern Texas (36 sites on a 120 km long, east–west transect). Africanized honey bee capture rates were higher than European honey bee rates for gulf coastal areas in Mexico where both bee types also showed higher capture rates in agricultural lowlands versus montane areas. In the Texas location, European honey bee capture rates were slightly higher near the gulf coast, but otherwise swarm capture rates were similar across the transect for both Africanized honey bee and European honey bee. Pre-Africanization, European honey bee swarm capture rates were found to vary widely from year to year at each location, ranging from 0.138 to 0.446 swarms/site-month in Mexico and from 0.190 to 0.555 swarms/site-month in Texas. Post-Africanization capture rates were not appreciably different from pre-Africanization rates, ranging from 0.491 to 0.519 swarms/site-month in Mexico and 0.195 to 0.648 swarms/site-month in Texas. Africanization proceeded more quickly in northeastern Mexico where it reached 98% within 2.5 yr after the detection of the 1st Africanized honey bee. In southern Texas Africanization rates reached only 69% during an equivalent time frame.
Translation, cultural adaptation and validity of the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire among school children aged 14-15 years

Introduction: Sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for several diseases. Validation of questionnaires on sedentary activity is a great challenge. Objectives: To translate, culturally adapt and validate the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ) among school children Methods: Back translation method was used to translate ASAQ into Sinhala language (ASAQ-S). Cultural adaptation and judgmental validity were ensured using a panel of experts. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing ASAQ-S data with the reference standard, which was the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer worn on the waist. The study population consisted of 42 school children aged 14-15 years. Sedentary activity time was taken from the accelerometer recorded data as total hours per day. The ASAQ-S has 14 items and then total sedentary time was calculated by summing up the activities of all seven days. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: The average sedentary time was 11.7 (SD=3.4) hours per day recorded by an accelerometer and from the ASAQ-S 9.0 (SD=2.3) hours per day. An ICC for total sedentary activity time between the accelerometer and ASAQ-S was 0.52 (95% CI=0.08, 0.78) and Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.55 (p Conclusions: The validity of ASAQ-S was satisfactory and can be used as a tool to assess adolescent sedentary behaviour.
Job Satisfaction among Non-teaching Staffs of Secondary Schools

Objective: The purpose of this comparative study was to observe the levels of job satisfaction among non-teaching staff of Secondary Schools of Kashmir with reference to gender and marital status. Methods: A sample of 300 subjects (married=111, unmarried=109 & widow/widower=80) were selected by stratified sampling method. Dubey’s Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) was used to explore job satisfaction of the sample. After collecting responses on job satisfaction, t-test and ANOVA were applied to explore the difference between the sample groups. Results: Findings of this study explained that there is a significant difference in job satisfaction between male and female subjects. Moreover, the sample showed a significant difference with marital status. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the levels of job satisfaction differs among non-teaching staff of Secondary Schools with reference to their gender and marital status. Implications: Job satisfaction can be enhanced among school staff by maintaining supportive work environment and creating the possible social support and respect.
Genre Analysis of Saudi Universities’ Websites: Analysis of Rhetorical Moves and Discursive Strategies for Marketization Purposes

The field of education has experienced numerous shifts, including internationalization, greater competitiveness and collaboration, and globalization. Today, higher education branding has become a common trend. To differentiate themselves in the business world, universities apply different branding techniques and this study aims to examine how some Saudi universities advertise themselves. Incorporating Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the study analyzes the “About Us” sections of seven Saudi universities’ websites to explore the rhetorical moves and discursive strategies employed for marketization purposes. The selected universities all featured in the top 1000 universities in the QS World University Rankings 2020. The results show diversity in these universities’ choices of implemented rhetorical moves and sub-moves. They used eight rhetorical moves and 13 sub-moves, with only one of these sub-moves occurring on all seven universities’ websites. The discursive strategies were employed to foster self-promotion, while the results demonstrated that the “About Us” sections of all universities were promotional. Finally, some recommendations are provided for universities for marketization purposes if they want to be global and compete with other international universities in the higher education market, in addition to providing suggestions for future studies.
A reconsideration of the genera Monotheca and Spiniluma (Sapotaceae)

Summary. The genera Monotheca and Spiniluma are considered to be generically distinct from Sideroxylon. Monotheca consists of only one species, M. buxifolia, distributed from Pakistan to S. Ethiopia. Spiniluma comprises two species, S. oxyacantha, occurring in Ethiopia, and S. discolor, restricted to Socotra. Both genera occur in dry Olea- and Juniperus-forest and in evergreen scrub. Descriptions, synonymy and specimen citations are given, and the new combination Spiniluma discolor is made. The present note concerns the genus Spiniluma as it was proposed by Aubreville (1963). In his paper, Aubreville discussed the characters and distribution of the genus Sideroxylon L. both in the broad sense of last-century workers (according to whom Sideroxylon included those species of Sapotaceae which had pentamerous flowers with five sepals, five-lobed corolla, five staminodes, five stamens, and a 5-locular ovary), and in the more restricted sense of Dubard (1912) who excluded all species which had lateral, elongated or linear scars instead of the small basal scar on the seeds typical of Sideroxylon. According to Dubard (1912) the genus Sideroxylon comprised the sections Mastichodendron, occurring in Central America, Sinosideroxylon, restricted to S. China, and Spiniluma, only known from Ethiopia. The Mascarene and Malagasy species were placed in a separate genus, Calvaria, an unfortunate choice because Dubard also included the type species of Sideroxylon, S. inerme L. , a species from the eastern coast of Africa, in this genus. Dubard's views are, with the nomenclatural error corrected, adopted by Aubreville, who points out the basic difference between Sideroxylon sensu stricto, which is equivalent to Dubard's Calvaria, on one side and Dubard's sections Mastichodendron, Sinosideroxylon, and Spiniluma on the other. The embryo in the first group is always horizontal, i.e. placed at a right angle to the floral axis; in the second group the embryo is always vertical, i.e. parallel with the floral axis. Aubreville's further reasoning concerns the latter groups. The American section Mastichodendron is considered as a distinct genus in accordance with Lam (I939) and Cronquist (I946). The SE Asian section Sinosideroxylon is raised to the rank of genus on account of the disjunct distribution and differences in the relative length of stamens and corolla. The third of Dubard's sections, the Ethiopian Spiniluma, has consequently to be raised to the rank of genus too, in order to make the classification of this group of Sapotaceae coherent. The characters used by Aubrdville to distinguish these genera are summarized in Table I. Aubreville referred two species to his genus Spiniluma, viz. S. oxyacantha (Baill.) Aubr. , the type species, and S. buxifolia (Hutch.) Aubr. Both species were originally described in Sideroxylon, and are shrubs or small trees of the dry Juniperus procera-Olea africanaforests of Ethiopia and Somalia.
An empirical analysis of Diaspora bonds By Ş ule AKKOYUNLU

This study is the first to investigate theoretically and empirically the determinants of Diaspora Bonds for eight developing countries (Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Lebanon, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sri-Lanka) and one developed country Israel for the period 1951 and 2008. Empirical results are consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model. The most robust variables are the closeness indicator and the sovereign rating, both on the demand-side. The spread is not significant, suggesting Diaspora Bonds differ from normal investments. Good governance and wars are also important demand-side determinants of Diaspora Bonds. Among the supply-side factors; FDI, ODA, foreign exchange, inflation, external debt and remittances significantly determine the issue of Diaspora Bonds. Most importantly, this study is able to make predictions of the most promising candidate countries in issuing Diaspora Bonds in the future.
Does Electricity Access Relate to Stakeholders’ Satisfaction? Empirical Evidence from Small and Medium Enterprises in North-West, Nigeria

Several scholarly studies have been conducted to establish relationships of electricity access to business financial performance. Nonetheless, little is known about energy-stakeholders’ satisfaction relationships. The few studies that do exist on the topic often lack control variable. Thus, this is the motivation behind the present study. Therefore, this paper provides an empirical analysis of the effect of controlling firm characteristics in the energy-stakeholders’ satisfaction relationships. A multiple linear regression model is applied to primary data collected through structured questionnaire in five–point rating scale format to test the hypothesis via SPSS version 23. Results based on cross-sectional survey data from 245 sampled SMEs operating in the city of Kaduna, Kano, Katsina and Sokoto state in manufacturing, hotel & restaurant and wholesale & retail sector show evidence of a strong positive statistically significant relationships between electricity access and SMEs stakeholders’ satisfaction with electricity access t (245) = 9.138, p < 0.001; firm age t (245) = 4.404, p < 0.001. Subject to appreciable effect on stakeholders’ satisfaction, this study recommends an urgent need to step up electricity supply to SMEs in order to accelerate satisfaction level of firms’ stakeholders. Increasing electricity access should involve optimal production and utilization of generation capacity and/or reduction of transmission and distribution losses. Above all, SMEs villages/clusters should be built to promote industrial activities on the basis that access to reliable electricity supply is collectively and affordably provided by the relevant host authorities to investors and operators.
Effectiveness of 2-Phenoxyethanol for Anesthetizing Striped Mullet (Mugil cephalus) (Linnaeus, 1758) for Transportation

Anesthetized fish transport is creating new opportunities for aquaculture, as it offers ease of handling and reduction of stress and helps to reduce mortality rates. In this study, 2-phenoxyethanol was administered to Striped Mullet (Mugil cephalus) (Linnaeus, 1758) to determine its effects on the ease of handling and transportation. Four dosage levels were tested—100, 200, 300 and 400 mg l. Three levels of induction and three of recovery were recorded. The lowest effective concentration was 300 mg l. At this dosage, the time required to achieve the final stage of induction was 159±13 s (mean ± SD) and that to achieve the final stage of recovery was 193±16s. These times are significantly different from those for the other dosages.
SYNCHRONIZATION OF PICAM CAMERAS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL STUDY OF DYNAMIC MULTI-DOMAINS NATURAL SCENES

Abstract. In this article, we study the interest of PiCam and its possibilities offered for the realization of a light payload (small and inexpensive) in order to perform the 3D reconstruction of dynamic scenes (underwater or aerial) in close-range remote sensing. We see that on these observation scales, movements of the scenes due to flora and fauna cannot be ignored if we want these objects to be part of the final model. We review the sensors used in the literature for 3D reconstruction and then present the arguments in favor of PiCam with regard to the constraints posed by the use of light and agile vectors. The main issue is the synchronization of these low cost sensors, which is not native: we explain the different steps to obtain a satisfactory synchronization rate with regard to the dynamism of the studied scenes and present the results obtained.
Analysis of the anticipated and potential economic impacts of mega sporting events on developing countries: a case of FIFA 2020 World Cup in Qatar

Mega sporting events have been hailed for resulting in economic growth, evident in high investments, growth of businesses, and development of infrastructure because of the increased number of investors, tourists, and fans visiting host countries during such events. Even though host countries may experience non-economic benefits, such as a good legacy from the mega sporting events, there are also significant economic benefits realised by host countries. The study intended to assess the anticipated economic impacts of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar as a developing country. The study engaged in descriptive research design. Primary data was collected from research participants comprising Hotel Managers, Sports managers, Economic consultants, Project managers in the construction industry, and bank managers. Further, the study selected a sample of 50 respondents in data analysis. The researcher adopted inferential statistics to analyse data from the respondents, who were all from Qatar. The results of the study indicated that 2022 FIFA World Cup is likely to raise the employment level, especially for construction workers involved in the construction of stadia, growth of income level expansion of business, especially in hospitality industries are likely to attract many foreign visitors. Also, findings suggest that Qatar will experience an increase in the price of commodities and development of infrastructure. The findings depicted that the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar will result in increased operating costs in the short-term and the long-term. Besides, the study found out that the event will lead to a high level of capital cost and a state of resource deficiency. The study concluded that the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar as a developing country would have significant economic effects on the country. The researcher recommended that Qatar should focus on investing in projects that will help boost income levels for employees, boost business growth, attract more foreigners as tourist and fans, reduce the prices of goods and services as well as accommodation and activities that will reduce the long-term.
CLASSIFICATION OF TREE SPECIES AND STANDING DEAD TREES BY FUSING UAV-BASED LIDAR DATA AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY IN THE 3D DEEP NEURAL NETWORK POINTNET++

Abstract. Knowledge of tree species mapping and of dead wood in particular is fundamental to managing our forests. Although individual tree-based approaches using lidar can successfully distinguish between deciduous and coniferous trees, the classification of multiple tree species is still limited in accuracy. Moreover, the combined mapping of standing dead trees after pest infestation is becoming increasingly important. New deep learning methods outperform baseline machine learning approaches and promise a significant accuracy gain for tree mapping. In this study, we performed a classification of multiple tree species (pine, birch, alder) and standing dead trees with crowns using the 3D deep neural network (DNN) PointNet++ along with UAV-based lidar data and multispectral (MS) imagery. Aside from 3D geometry, we also integrated laser echo pulse width values and MS features into the classification process. In a preprocessing step, we generated the 3D segments of single trees using a 3D detection method. Our approach achieved an overall accuracy (OA) of 90.2% and was clearly superior to a baseline method using a random forest classifier and handcrafted features (OA = 85.3%). All in all, we demonstrate that the performance of the 3D DNN is highly promising for the classification of multiple tree species and standing dead trees in practice.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Anxiety Related Factors in Patients Treated in the Emergency Department

Aims: A novel coronavirus, now known as SARS-CoV-2019, suddenly emerged in Wuhan, China and within threemonths of the initial outbreak, the virus had spread rapidly to neighboring countries causing a pandemic. After the first case was announced, emergency departments were immediately reorganized as pandemic clinics. Special areas with maximum precautions were designed to evaluate patients. The majority of studies on this pandemic have focused on the treatment of respiratory symptoms and comorbidities in intensive care units. In this study, we sought to determine those factors that contributed to the anxiety level during the COVID-19 pandemic using the ‘State’ subscale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Methods: A survey was performed in the emergency department by using an online questionnaire which consisted of demographic variables, questions about the opinions and behaviors of patients during the pandemic, diagnostic test results for COVID-19, and treatment methods. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between employment status (p ˂ 0.001), monthly income (p ˂ 0.001), the food consumption changes during the pandemic period (p = 0.001) and the estimated end-date for the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.001) and total STAI-S points. Conclusions: Our study has identified factors which significantly increase anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified those individuals who may benefit from psychiatric and social support.