Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Management of Leptospirosis in a Two Dogs: A Case Report

Leptospirosis is an acute or chronic contagious zoonotic disease caused by strictly aerobic gram-negative spirochetes belonging to the genus Leptospira, which is transmitted through the infected urine that affects humans as well as wide range of animals and its severity depends on the virulence of the organism, susceptibility of the host, and the affected host species (Radostits, et al., 2000). L. interrogans sensu lato is having numerous antigenically divergent serovars that responsible for the disease in dogs and their common reservoirs include L. canicola (dog), L. icterohaemorrhagiae (rodents) (Greene et al., 1998). It is modest or nil cross-immunity between Leptospira serovars (Greene and others 2006), therefore no vaccination protocol can, at present, provide protection International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Contributors to processing speed deficit in old age: A focus on history of obesity and medical conditions

Obesity has been associated with impairment in most cognitive domains, but the nature of this relationship is unclear. Most studies have examined the relationship between cognitive impairment and current obesity and/or history of obesity-related medical conditions. However, a number of “lower-level” obesity factors (e.g., increased adipokines, low grade inflammation, chronic mild hypoventilation) are present even among the otherwise healthy obese population, and it is possible that many of these factors have differential impact on cognition according to magnitude and duration of exposure. Knowledge of a person’s weight history, which may serve as a proxy for a number of lower-level obesity variables that cannot otherwise be measured, may provide additional utility in predicting cognitive functioning. Of the cognitive domains, processing speed is particularly important to study in this context, as its decline plays a large role in driving cognitive aging. Despite this, little is known about the impact of weight history on processing speed in old age. The present study added to the scientific body of literature by using data from the 1999–2000 and 2001–2002 NHANES cycles to examine the relationship between weight history and current processing speed among young-old adults (i.e., adults aged 65–74) using data at three timepoints: young adulthood, late mid-life, and young-old adulthood. A statistically significant relationship between persistent obesity in young adulthood and late middle-age and processing speed in young-old adulthood was identified, but it was found to be fully mediated by vascular health history. Additionally, slow processing speed was associated with the weight trajectory pattern of obesity in late middle-age coupled with the absence of obesity in both young adulthood and young-old adulthood. In regard to study implications, it may be possible that efforts toward prevention of new onset obesity during mid-life, if successful, would protect against slowed processing speed in young-old adulthood. iii
Exercise interventions and their effect on masculinity, body image, and personal identity in prostate cancer—A systematic qualitative review

Men with prostate cancer face various body composition and psychosocial challenges following diagnosis. Movement‐based interventions such as exercise may represent novel strategies to improve these important biopsychosocial changes. This systematic qualitative review aimed to examine the various exercise interventions and their effect on male perception of masculinity, body image, and personal identity.
Ecological Interface Design: Thirty-Plus Years of Refinement, Progress, and Potential

Objective: The objective is to provide a review of ecological interface design (EID), to illustrate its value to human factors/ergonomics, and to identify areas for future research and development. Background: EID uses mature interface technologies to provide decision making and problem solving support. A variety of theoretical concepts and analytical tools have been developed to meet the associated challenges. EID provides support that is simultaneously grounded in the practical realities of a work domain and tailored to human capabilities and limitations. Method: EID’s theoretical foundation is discussed briefly. Concrete examples of ecological and traditional interfaces are provided. Different categories of work domains are described, as well as the associated implications for interface design. A targeted literature review is conducted and the experimental outcomes are summarized. A representative evaluation is discussed, and interpretations of performance are provided. Results: The evidence reveals that EID has been remarkably successful in significantly improving performance for work domains with constraints that are law driven (e.g., process control). In contrast, work domains that are intent-driven (e.g., information retrieval) have, by and large, been ignored. Also, few studies have addressed nonvisual displays. Conclusion: EID has not yet realized its potential to improve safety and efficiency across the entire continuum of work domains. Application: EID provides a single integrated framework that is (a) sufficiently comprehensive to deal with complicated work domains and (b) capable of producing innovative support that will generalize to actual work settings.
Synthesis and Stereostructure-Activity Relationship of Novel Pyrethroids Possessing Two Asymmetric Centers on a Cyclopropane Ring

2-Methylcyclopropane pyrethroid insecticides bearing chiral cyanohydrin esters or chiral ethers and two asymmetric centers on the cyclopropane ring, were synthesized. These compounds were designed using a “reverse connection approach” between the isopropyl group in Fenvalerate, and between two dimethyl groups in an Etofenprox analogue (the methyl, ethyl form), respectively. These syntheses were achieved by accessible ring opening reactions of commercially available (±)-, (R)-, and (S)-propylene oxides using 4-chlorobenzyl cyanide anion as the crucial step, giving good overall yield of the product with >98% ee. The insecticidal activity against the common mosquito (Culex pipiens pallens) was assessed for pairs of achiral diastereomeric (1R*,2S*)-, (1R*,2R*)-cyanohydrin esters, and (1R*,2S*)-, (1R*,2R*)-ethers; only the (1R*,2R*)-ether was significantly effective. For the enantiomeric (1S,2S)-ether and (1R,2R)-ether, the activity was clearly centered on the (1R,2R)-ether. The present stereostructure‒activity relationship revealed that (i) cyanohydrin esters derived from fenvalerate were unexpectedly inactive, whereas ethers derived from etofenprox were active, and (ii) apparent chiral discrimination between the (1S,2S)-ether and the (1R,2R)-ether was observed. During the present synthetic study, we performed alternative convergent syntheses of Etofenprox and novel 4-EtO-type (1S,2S)- and (1R,2R)-pyrethroids from the corresponding parent 4-Cl-type pyrethroids, by utilizing a recently-developed hydroxylation cross-coupling reaction.
Audit of Firearm Autopsy Cases in District Sahiwal

Background: Firearm injuries are the major problem that severely affects the victims, their families, health care delivery as well as criminal justice system. Firearm fatalities are more common in rural areas of the developing countries like Pakistan. Easy availability of the guns has drastically enhanced the incidence of firearm related deaths. Many studies on fatal firearm injuries have been published but their pattern and targeted areas usually remain underreported. Objective: To explore the pattern of fatal firearm injuries and their distribution over the body areas; and to know the demographic profile of those victims autopsied in District Sahiwal, during year 2016. Study design: Descriptive Study. Setting and Duration: The study was conducted by examining the autopsy record of three hospitals in Sahiwal District i.e. District Headquarter (DHQ) Teaching Hospital Sahiwal, Haji Abdul Qayum Hospital Sahiwal and Tehsil Headquarter Hospital (THQ) Chichawatni during the calendar year 2016. Methodology: The data was collected from the record of all autopsy cases conducted at above mentioned three hospitals during the study period. The cases of firearm related deaths were segregated and studied in detail. The variables were age, gender, residential background of the victims and body areas involved. The dead bodies having injuries other than firearms were not included. Results: During the calendar year 2016, total 178 cases were brought for autopsy whereas 73 were the victims of firearms. The data collected, entered on the Performa and analyzed which showed that 60.3% victims of firearms were between 20-39 years of age. Male to female ratio was 2.5:1. The chest was the most affected body region in (41.1%) cases followed by abdomen and pelvis (37%), head (35.6%) and extremities were involved in (26%) victims. As regards residential background of the victims; 78.1% cases belonged to the rural areas and 15.1% were living in urban area. Conclusion: Most of the victims targeted by firearm were young males from rural community and injuries over the chest were the leading cause of death. Therefore, there is dire need to tighten the legislation regarding use of firearms as well as to modify the aggressive behavior and lifestyle of youth.
Mental Disorders and Consumption of Psychoactive Substances in Women: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in the Service of Psychiatry of the Donka National Hospital Guinea, Conakry

Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances (PPS) is a public health problem for vulnerable populations, particularly women and those with mental disorders. Objectives: In this work, our objectives were to determine the frequency of mental disorders and consumption of psychoactive substances in women, to describe their socio-demographic profile, to identify the psychoactive substances consumed, to identify the different types of mental disorders and to describe the clinical aspects of mental disorders induced by the consumption of psychoactive substances in these women. Methodology: This was a retrospective study, of a descriptive type with a duration of 5 years (from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013). Data collection lasted three months. Included in this study were all records of hospitalized or outpatient patients in the Mental Disorders and Psychoactive Substance Use Service. Results: The incidence of mental disorders and psychoactive substance use was 10.51%. The age groups 20-29, 30-39 were the most represented are respectively 55.49%, 31.87% with an average age of 29.5 years and extremes of 10-49 years. Singles were the most affected with 91.76% of cases. The majority was in the informal sector and the secondary level was the most affected with 40.11%, 56.04%, respectively. The most commonly used psychoactive substances were cigarettes (3.30%) and alcohol (2.20%). The alcohol and cigarette association was the most frequent, 45.60%. Depression was the most prevalent type of disorder with 35.71%. Occasional consumption was the most common mode of consumption with 84.62%, followed by 15.38% of regular consumption or dependence. Conclusion: This retrospective study did not identify all aspects of women's psychoactive substance use, yet a general population survey could better capture the magnitude of this phenomenon.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Willingness of Junior Health Care Professional Students to Provide Services for Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to determine (1) the knowledge and attitudes of health care professional students at the beginning of their education toward patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and (2) sociodemographic factors that may influence the students' attitudes and willingness to provide services for patients with AIDS. One hundred twenty (30 physical therapist, 35 occupational therapist, 24 diagnostic and medical imaging, 12 health information management, and 19 midwifery education) students completed a 90‐item questionnaire that evaluated their knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to care for patients with AIDS. The questionnaire was administered within the first week of enrollment in the program. Overall, the students had poor knowledge about AIDS, and some students harbored negative attitudes about AIDS and were unwilling to provide services for this population. Analysis of variance revealed that the students' knowledge about AIDS is not influenced by gender, ethnicity, religious affiliation, or marital status. Similarly, students' attitudes and willingness to work with patients with AIDS were not influenced by ethnicity and marital status. Significant differences, however, were noted in the attitude and willingness scores among students from the different professional disciplines, religious affiliations, and genders. There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores and between attitude and willingness scores. On the contrary, no relationship existed between knowledge and willingness scores. Based on these findings, we recommend that educators should ascertain the biases and stereotypes that students entering the health care professions may have about AIDS. Such information could be used for program planning and curriculum modification.
Mindfulness, rumination, and coping skills in young women with Eating Disorders: A comparative study with healthy controls

Eating Disorders (ED) have been associated with dysfunctional coping strategies, such as rumination. Promoting alternative ways of experiencing mental events, based on a mindfulness approach, might be the clue for learning more effective coping and regulatory strategies among young women with ED. This study examined the comparison between patients with ED diagnosis and healthy subjects in mindfulness, rumination and effective coping. In addition, we analyzed the independent association of those with the presence of ED. The study sample was formed by two groups of young women ranged 13–21 years: Twenty-five with an ED diagnosis and 25 healthy subjects. They were assessed by using the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) and the Responses Styles Questionnaire (RSQ). Our findings show that ED patients have significantly lesser average scores in mindfulness and effective coping than the healthy sample (p < .05). Also, our data concludes that mindfulness and effective coping independently predict the presence or absence of ED in young women. The study results suggest that training mindfulness abilities may contribute to making effective coping strategies more likely to occur in ED patients, which is incompatible with some eating-related symptoms. Further studies are needed, trough prospective and experimental designs, to evaluate clinical outcomes of mindfulness training among young women with ED.
Microbial diversity and soil physiochemical characteristic of higher altitude

Altitude is the major factor affecting both biodiversity and soil physiochemical properties of soil ecosystems. In order to understand the effect of altitude on soil physiochemical properties and bacterial diversity across the Himalayan cold desert, high altitude Gangotri soil ecosystem was studied and compared with the moderate altitude Kandakhal soil. Soil physiochemical analysis showed that altitude was positively correlated with soil pH, organic matter and total nitrogen content. However soil mineral nutrients and soil phosphorus were negatively correlated to the altitude. RT-PCR based analysis revealed the decreased bacterial and diazotrophic abundance at high altitude. Metagenomic study showed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were dominant bacteria phyla at high altitude soil while Bacteroidetes and Fermicutes were found dominant at low altitude. High ratio of Gram-negative to Gram positive bacteria at Gangotri suggests the selective proliferation of Gram negative bacteria at high altitude with decrease in Gram positive bacteria. Moreover, Alphaproteobacteria was found more abundant at high altitude while the opposite was true for Betaproteobacteria. Abundance of Cytophaga, Flavobacterium and Bacteroides (CFB) were also found comparatively high at high altitude. Presence of many taxonomically unclassified sequences in Gangotri soil indicates the presence of novel bacterial diversity at high altitude. Further, isolation of bacteria through indigenously designed diffusion chamber revealed the existence of bacteria which has been documented in unculturable study of WIH (Western Indian Himalaya) but never been cultivated from WIH. Nevertheless, diverse functional free-living psychrotrophic diazotrophs were isolated only from the high altitude Gangotri soil. Molecular characterization revealed them as Arthrobacter humicola, Brevibacillus invocatus, Pseudomonas mandelii and Pseudomonas helmanticensis. Thus, this study documented the bacterial and psychrophilic diazotrophic diversity at high altitude and is an effort for exploration of low temperature bacteria in agricultural productivity with the target for sustainable hill agriculture.
Phenolic Compounds from Humulus lupulus as Natural Antimicrobial Products: New Weapons in the Fight against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei Strains

New anti-infective agents are urgently needed to fight microbial resistance. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are particularly responsible for complicated pathologies that are difficult to treat due to their virulence and the formation of persistent biofilms forming a complex protecting shell. Parasitic infections caused by Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania mexicana are also of global concern, because of the mortality due to the low number of safe and effective treatments. Female inflorescences of hop produce specialized metabolites known for their antimicrobial effects but underexploited to fight against drug-resistant microorganisms. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial potential of phenolic compounds against MRSA clinical isolates, T. brucei and L. mexicana. By fractionation process, we purified the major prenylated chalcones and acylphloroglucinols, which were quantified by UHPLC-UV in different plant parts, showing their higher content in the active flowers extract. Their potent antibacterial action (MIC < 1 µg/mL for the most active compound) was demonstrated against MRSA strains, through kill curves, post-antibiotic effects, anti-biofilm assays and synergy studies with antibiotics. An antiparasitic activity was also shown for some purified compounds, particularly on T. brucei (IC50 < 1 to 11 µg/mL). Their cytotoxic activity was assessed both on cancer and non-cancer human cell lines.
m6A Reader YTHDF2 Regulates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant mRNA modification that affects multiple biological processes, including those involved in the cell stress response and viral infection. YTH domain family 2 (YTHDF2) is an m6A-binding protein that affects the localization and stability of targeted mRNA. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can regulate the stability of inflammatory gene mRNA transcripts, thus participating in the regulation of inflammatory processes. As an RBP, the role of YTHDF2 in the LPS-induced inflammatory reaction has not been reported. To elucidate the function of YTHDF2 in the inflammatory response of macrophages, we first detected the expression level of YTHDF2 in RAW 264.7 cells, and found that it was upregulated after LPS stimulation. YTHDF2 knockdown significantly increased the LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12 expression and the phosphorylation of p65, p38, and ERK1/2 in NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Moreover, the upregulated expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in cells with silenced YTHDF2 expression was downregulated by the NF-κB, p38, and ERK inhibitors. YTHDF2 depletion increased the expression and stability of MAP2K4 and MAP4K4 mRNAs. All of these results suggest that YTHDF2 knockdown increases mRNA expression levels of MAP2K4 and MAP4K4 via stabilizing the mRNA transcripts, which activate MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which promote the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and aggravate the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
Effect of Off-Target Binding on 18F-Flortaucipir Variability in Healthy Controls Across the Life Span

Measuring early tau accumulation is important in studying aging and Alzheimer disease and is only as accurate as the signal-to-noise ratio of the tracer. Along with aggregated tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, 18F-flortaucipir has been reported to bind to neuromelanin, monoamine oxidase, calcifications, iron, leptomeningeal melanocytes, and microhemorrages. Although 18F-flortaucipir successfully differentiates healthy controls (HCs) from subjects with Alzheimer disease, variability exists in the cortical signal in amyloid-negative HCs. We aimed to explore the relationship between off-target binding signal and variability in the cortical signal in HCs. Methods: Subjects (n = 139) received 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) and 18F-flortaucipir PET scans and a magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo MRI scan. PET frames were realigned and coregistered to the MR images, which were segmented using FreeSurfer. In amyloid-negative HCs (n = 90; age range, 21–94 y), 7 nonspecific or off-target binding regions were considered: caudate, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, cerebellar white matter, hemispheric white matter, and choroid plexus. These regions of interest were assigned to 3 similarly behaving groups using principle components analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and Pearson correlations for caudate, putamen, and pallidum (also correlated with age); thalamus and white matter; and choroid plexus. In amyloid-negative HCs with 11C-PIB and 18F-flortaucipir scans, correlations were calculated between white and gray matter before and after partial-volume correction. Results: The correlation between white and gray matter disappeared after partial-volume correction in 11C-PIB (r2 = 0) but persisted for 18F-flortaucipir (r2 = 0.27), demonstrating that the correlation between white and gray matter signal in 18F-flortaucipir is not solely due to partial-volume effects. A linear regression showed that off-target signal from putamen and thalamus together explained 64% of the variability in the cortical signal in amyloid-negative HCs (not seen in amyloid-positive HCs). Variability in amyloid-negative HCs but not amyloid-positive HCs correlated with white matter signal (unrelated to partial-volume effects) and age-related off-target signal (possibly related to iron load). Conclusion: The noise in the 18F-flortaucipir measurement could pose challenges when studying early tau accumulation.