Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MULTIVARIATE SUBORDINATION OF MARKOV PROCESSES WITH FINANCIAL APPLICATIONS

This paper develops the procedure of multivariate subordination for a collection of independent Markov processes with killing. Starting from d independent Markov processes Xi with killing and an independent d‐dimensional time change T , we construct a new process by time, changing each of the Markov processes Xi with a coordinate Ti . When T is a d‐dimensional Lévy subordinator, the time changed process (Yi:=Xi(Ti(t)) is a time‐homogeneous Markov process with state‐dependent jumps and killing in the product of the state spaces of Xi . The dependence among jumps of its components is governed by the d‐dimensional Lévy measure of the subordinator. When T is a d‐dimensional additive subordinator, Y is a time‐inhomogeneous Markov process. When Ti=∫0tVsids with Vi forming a multivariate Markov process, (Yi,Vi) is a Markov process, where each Vi plays a role of stochastic volatility of Yi . This construction provides a rich modeling architecture for building multivariate models in finance with time‐ and state‐dependent jumps, stochastic volatility, and killing (default). The semigroup theory provides powerful analytical and computational tools for securities pricing in this framework. To illustrate, the paper considers applications to multiname unified credit‐equity models and correlated commodity models.
New microfossils from the Meso-Neoproterozoic Deoban Limestone, Garhwal Lesser Himalaya, India

Forty-five additional microfossils are being described from the Meso-Neoproterozoic Deoban Limestone (Formation). Microfossils are preserved in black bedded chert, occurring as thin lenses and bands intercalated with dolostones. The assemblage comprises both filamentous as well as coccoid forms. The assemblage is dominated by cyanobacterial population along with a number of microfossils belonging to other affinities represented by bacterial, algal, fungal and acritarchean forms. Out of the forty-five forms there are forty-four species belonging to 33 genera and one micro-organism is informally described as Form 'A'. Five taxa are described as new genera. Additional Deoban forms are as follows: Cyanobacteria- Archaeoellipsoides minor, A. major, Palaeopleurocapsa sp. , Scissilisphaera gradata, Scissilisphaera sp. , Coniunctiophycus gaoyuzhuangense, Archaeophycus sp. , Gloeodiniopsis lamellosa, Palaeomerismopedia misrai gen. & sp. nov., Siphonophycus septatum, S. robustum, S. solidum, S. typicum, Polytrichoides lineatus, Oscillatoriopsis amadeus, O. obtusa, O. breviconvexa, Rhicnonema antiquum, Nostocomorpha sp. , Eomicrocoleus crassus, Cyanonema sp. , Palaeolyngbya catenata, Circumvaginalis sp. , Obruchevella parva, O. valdaica, O. minor and Glomovertella glomerata. Incertae sedis- Paleosphaeridium zonale, Germinosphaera sp. , Myxococcoides chlorelloides, Myxococcoides stragulescence, Palaeococcus indicus gen. & sp. nov., Dumbellina deobanensis gen. & sp. nov., Maithea indica gen. & sp. nov., Eophycomyces herkoides, Bulgenia septata gen. & sp. nov. and Form 'A'. Acritarchs- cf. Cymatiosphaeroides sp. , Micrhystridium sp . , Favosphaeridium favosum, Trachysphaeridium sp. , Leiosphaeridia crassa, L. jacutica, Caudosphaera sp. and cf. Ovulum saccatum. The Deoban Microfossil Assemblage is characterised by dominance of mat building cyanobacterial population, exhibiting evolutionary conservatism. Extensive size variation from specimens of less than one micron to 265 microns in case of coccoids and from less than one micron to 48 microns among filamentous forms indicate the most favourable preservational conditions for silicification of the biota. There are a number of forms, which show some resemblance with extant chlorophycean, bacterial and rhodophycean forms. Presence of large sized sphaeromorphs ranging in diameter from 105 to 265 µm and rare occurrence of acanthomorph or spinose acritarch (represented by Micrhystridium sp.) and small-sized, moderately developed spirally coiled filaments of Obruchevella support a pre-Vendian age to the Deoban microfossil assemblage.
Ponderomotive effects of electromagnetic radiation

An additional mechanical friction, which is commensurate with the friction produced by a high-vacuum gas, arises during mechanical vibrations of a body absorbing or reflecting electromagnetic radiation. It is shown that a similar but appreciably larger effect should be observable in an optical Fabry-Perot resonator. The sign of the effect may be reversed at different settings of the resonator mirror. When the optical power fed to the resonator is sufficiently large, vibrational instability of the mirrors may set in. A possible use of the derived relations in astrophysical estimates is indicated.
Morphodynamics of Bedrock‐Alluvial Rivers Subsequent to Landslide Dam Outburst Floods

Tectonically active mountain regions such as Southwestern China are frequently hit by catastrophic floods caused by the breach of landslide dams. However, how these extreme events influence the morphodynamics of bedrock‐alluvial rivers is not well understood. More specifically, during a landslide dam outburst flood, bedrock can be eroded by intensive transport of sediment (i.e., tools effect), but can also be buried under thick alluvial cover (i.e., cover effect). Here, we implement the MRSAA‐c (Corrected Macro‐Roughness‐based Saltation‐Abrasion‐Alluviation) model to simulate the morphodynamics of bedrock‐alluvial rivers subject to landslide dam outburst flood(s). For a single dam breach event, the evolution of a bedrock‐alluvial river shows different characteristics at different time scales. At flood time scale (within one day), bedrock is eroded by about 10 mm. The landslide deposit then mainly provides a cover effect in the decadal‐century scale, which leads to a net uplift of the bedrock underneath, and thus the formation of a bedrock “bump. ” The bedrock profile returns to its initial equilibrium state at a millennial time scale, after the bedrock bump migrates upstream beyond the inlet. When subject to repeated dam breach events, the bedrock‐alluvial river can reach a dynamic equilibrium after sufficient time (tens of thousands of years). The equilibrium is characterized by sharply increased bedrock slope around the dam site, and gently decreased slope downstream. The impact of dam breach events is constrained within a scale of hundreds of kilometers, indicating the existence of a sedimentograph boundary layer.
Leaf-impressions from the Eocene of Kachchh, Western India

An assemblage of leaf impressions is described here from the Tertiary beds of Kachchh. It consists of 8 species out of which 5 have been identified with 5 modern genera and the remaining three which could not be assigned to any modern genus but are dicotyledonous, have been placed under the form genus Dicotylophyllum Saporta. The five species which are comparable with modern genera are Terminalia panandhroensis sp. nov., Syzygium kachchhense sp. nov., Lagerstroemia patelii sp. nov., Cinnamomum eokachchhensis sp. novo and Ficus kachchhensis sp. novo The three Dicotylophyllum species are: Dicotylophyllum cordatum sp. nov., D. panandhroensis sp. novo and D. quadrinervatum sp. nov. The collective evidence of the above taxa suggests that moist evergreen to deciduous tropical vegetation was growing around the site of this fossil assemblage during the Lower Eocene period.
Tree-Based Methods

We split the observations into a training set and a test set, build the tree using the training set, and evaluate its performance on the test data. The predict() function can be used for this purpose. In the case of a classification tree, the argument type = "class" instructs R to return the actual class prediction. This approach leads to correct predictions for around 77 % of the locations in the test data set.
Climatology of extratropical atmospheric wave packets in the northern hemisphere

Planetary and synoptic scale wave-packets represent one important component of the atmospheric large-scale circulation. These dissipative structures are able to rapidly transport eddy kinetic energy, generated locally (e.g. by baroclinic conversion), downstream along the upper tropospheric flow. The transported energy, moving faster than individual weather systems, will affect the development of the next meteorological system on the leading edge of the wave packet, creating a chain of connections between systems that can be far apart in time and space, with important implications on predictability. In this work we present an automated recognition of atmospheric wave packets which allows the extraction of all the relevant properties, such as location, duration and velocity. Behind this tool lies the need to investigate atmospheric variability in its full complexity, bridging the low-frequency steady-state approach with the storm-tracks lagrangian approach. We have applied the algorithm to the daily analysis (every 12h) from 1958-2010, building an extended climatology of waves packets with different spectral properties. We show that wave packets characteristics over Northern Hemisphere exhibit a strong seasonal dependence, both in their spectral component and in their distribution and localization. The maximum activity is reached in the cold months, from autumn to spring, with a slight weakening in mid-winter and a clear minimum of activity in summer. Preferential areas of genesis are shown to be the Western and Central-Pacific and Western-Atlantic while areas of lyses are the eastern borders of Pacific and Atlantic. We envisage possible applications of this algorithm also for predictability studies and operational activities.
Initial Validity Evidence for Responses to the Newly Developed Well-Being Actions Self-Efficacy Scale from Adults with Obesity under an Exploratory Latent Variable Approach

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to provide initial validity evidence for responses to the newly developed Well-Being Actions Self-Efficacy (WBASE) scale from adults with obesity under an exploratory latent variable approach. Longitudinal data (Nbaseline = 667 and N30 days post-baseline = 550) from the Well-Being and Physical Activity study (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03194854), which deployed the Fun For Wellness (FFW) intervention, were analyzed. The a priori measurement model exhibited close fit to baseline data within an exploratory framework. Similarly, there was strong evidence for at least partial temporal measurement invariance for the a priori WBASE scale measurement model. Convergent (and divergent) correlations between concordant (and discordant) pairs of well-being actions scores at baseline and latent well-being actions self-efficacy factors at 30 days post-baseline were observed. There was mixed evidence for the effectiveness of the FFW intervention to exert a direct effect on latent well-being actions self-efficacy at 30 days post-baseline.
Reappraisal of the genus Dicroidium Gothan from the Triassic sediments of India

The genus Dicroidium Gothan, belonging to Corystospermaceae, is characterised by pinnately compound leaves with proximally forked primary rachis. The genus was earlier included under the genus Thinnfeldia Ettingshausen. Dicroidium is the most consistent macrofloral element in the Triassic strata of Southern Hemisphere. The present reassessment deals with the morphotaxonomy and stratigraphic significance of the species of Dicroidium in India. A critical review of the literature reveals that the specimens of Dicroidium described so far from India require reassessment, because same morphotypes have often been placed under different species names and sometimes dissimilar elements have been assigned to the same species. In view of this, a thorough analysis of Indian Dicroidium was undertaken based on fresh collections along with the species described earlier by previous workers. The present reappraisal reveals that the genus in the Triassic of Peninsular India is represented by eight species. These are D. hughesii (Feistmantel) Lele, D. zuberi (Szajnocha) Archangelsky, Dicroidium sp. cf. D. crassinervis (Geintz) Anderson & Anderson, D. townrovii Retallack, D. nidpurensis Bose & Srivastava, D. gopadensis Bose & Srivastava, D. giarensis Pal and Dicroidium sp. In Indian peninsula, appearance of Dicroidium heralds the onset of Triassic sediments belonging to the early Triassic Panchet Formation (Induan). In the younger sequence of Triassic, i.e. during late Triassic Tiki and Parsora formations (Carnian to Norian–Rhaetian), the diversity and species richness of the genus gradually enhanced and Dicroidium foliages became the most predominant component of Triassic macroflora of India. The genus does not occur in strata younger than the Triassic and thereby the total extinction of Dicroidium signifies the end of the Triassic Period.
The fossil flora of the Dead Sea region, Jordan – A late Permian Garden of Delights

The Umm Irna Formation, Jordan, holds one of the most peculiar late Permian plant–fossil assemblages worldwide. Over the last decades of field work, several localities close to the eastern shore of the Dead Sea have yielded a highly diverse ‘mixed flora’ of mesic to xeric environments encompassing elements that are typical either for different floral realms or for different time periods of Earth History. Taxa typical for particular floral realms include, e.g. Cathaysian gigantopterids and Lobatannularia, Euramerican conifers such as Otovicia hypnoides, or the characteristic Gondwanan seed ferns Glossopteris and Dicroidium. Moreover, most taxa are typical for the Permian, some assemblages have also yielded precocious occurrences of taxa that have so far been considered typical for the Mesozoic, such as Umkomasiaceae, Bennettitales, and podocarp conifers. In most cases, fossils from the Umm Irna Formation show well–preserved cuticles that allow sound systematic placement and contribute to the reconstruction of dispersed plant parts into whole–plant–taxa. Altogether, the Umm Irna Formation provides an exceptional window into depositional environments and vegetation types that are rarely preserved in the fossil record but that are crucial for our understanding of plant evolution.
SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring in Wastewater Reveals Novel Variants and Biomarkers of Infection

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a popular tool for the early indication of community spread of infectious diseases. WBE emerged as an effective tool during the COVID-19 pandemic and has provided meaningful information to minimize the spread of infection. Here, we present a combination of analyses using the correlation of viral gene copies with clinical cases, sequencing of wastewater-derived RNA for the viral mutants, and correlative analyses of the viral gene copies with the bacterial biomarkers. Our study provides a unique platform for potentially using the WBE-derived results to predict the spread of COVID-19 and the emergence of new variants of concern. Further, we observed a strong correlation between the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and changes in the microbial community of wastewater, particularly the significant changes in bacterial genera belonging to the families of Lachnospiraceae and Actinomycetaceae. Our study shows that microbial biomarkers could be utilized as prediction tools for future infectious disease surveillance and outbreak responses. Overall, our comprehensive analyses of viral spread, variants, and novel bacterial biomarkers will add significantly to the growing body of literature on WBE and COVID-19.
Illness Perceptions and Illness Identity in Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Neuromuscular Disorders

Background Neuromuscular disorders (NMD) are intrusive medical conditions with implications for psychosocial development. Objectives This paper explores illness perceptions and illness identity dimensions of youth with NMD. First, we compare illness identity outcomes and illness perceptions of NMD patients with a comparison group of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Second, we report about the relationships between NMD-related variables and illness perceptions and illness identity. Methods Scores on the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Illness Identity Questionnaire were compared between a group of NMD patients (N = 59; 12–22 years) and an age- and gender-matched group of DM patients (N = 118). NMD-related variables included time since diagnosis, prognosis, wheelchair use, and physical limitations. Results Youth with NMD scored significantly higher on two of the four illness identity dimensions than youth with DM. NMD patients reported significantly less positive illness perceptions, experienced more physical symptoms, and had a lower score on understanding of their illness. Within the NMD group, wheelchair-users have a better understanding of their disease than those who are not wheelchair-bound. Conclusions The present study is the first to investigate illness identity and illness perceptions in NMD. More research is needed to provide insight in the identity formation process of the growing group of adolescents with NMDs.
Multiple Effects of Egg Weight, in Ovo Carbohydrates, and Sex of Birds on Posthatch Performance in Broilers

Simple Summary Future technologies in poultry nutrition must support the growth, gut health, and energy status of the birds. One of these technologies is in ovo nutrition, in which nutrients enter the egg by a needle puncture without any harm to the embryo. Amino acids, vitamins, and even carbohydrates can be injected into various parts of the egg, mainly during the last days of hatch. Carbohydrates, as a primary energy source, are crucial for the avian body, especially on the day of hatch, when the carbohydrate resources of the egg yolk do not meet the needs of the embryo. In our study, a carbohydrate mixture composed of disaccharides and glucose was tested to examine the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. It can be concluded that a carbohydrate mixture tends to reduce hatchability; however, the correct quantity of fluids, injection day, and osmolality of the mixture still need to be specified. In addition, many other factors can determine performance, such as the hatching day, sex, and the size or weight of the egg. On the other hand, this technique may improve carcass traits. Further studies are needed to refine the method to avoid embryo death. Abstract Chickens raised for their meat (Gallus gallus domesticus) tend to have a critical phase of life right after hatching due to the management of modern production systems. Early nutrition strategies such as in ovo intervention can be an alternative means to support growth and gut health by compensating for the energy deficit after pipping out of the egg. In the current study, 1200 Ross 308 eggs were used to examine the effects of a complex carbohydrate solution of disaccharides and glucose applied in ovo on hatchability, the hatching time of different-sized eggs, and the development, performance, and carcass characteristics of broilers of both sexes. The eggs were divided into three treatment groups: intact (NT), in ovo saline (ioS), and in ovo carbohydrate mixture (ioCH). The incubation protocol was performed according to the recommendations of Aviagen (2019), and the in ovo process was carried out on day 17 by manually injecting 0.5 mL of the solutions into the amniotic fluid. After hatching, the birds were kept in floor pens until day 35 and fed ad libitum in a three-phase feeding program. Body weight, average daily weight gain, feed intake and conversion, and carcass characteristics were measured during the trial. In ovo carbohydrates reduced hatchability by 15%, while growth performance and the weight of thigh and breast muscle were enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) compared with ioS as a possible outcome of carbohydrate-to-muscle satellite cell proliferation and protein accumulation. However, further study is needed to refine the in ovo carbohydrate supplementation method to minimize the mortality of embryos during hatching.
Assessment of the Contribution of Polarimetric Persistent Scatterer Interferometry on Sentinel-1 Data

Time series of Sentinel-1 data are widely used for monitoring displacements of the Earth surface using persistent scatterer interferometry. By default over land, Sentinel-1 images include two polarimetric channels: 1) VV and 2) VH. However, most works in this application exploit only the VV channel, whereas the VH channel is discarded for its lower amplitude. Thanks to the development of polarimetric persistent scatterer interferometry methods, one can integrate multipolarization channels into a single optimal one. Previous studies proved that the number and spatial density of measurement points is increased. In this work, we explore the reason why the VH channel increases the number of measurement points when using the amplitude dispersion ($D_{A}$) as selection criterion. Results obtained over three geographical locations show that the VH channel helps in two ways. In the first place, the mean amplitude is increased for targets which have higher amplitude in VH channel, usually associated with rotated elements in the scene. In second place, and more importantly, the amplitude dispersion is decreased over many areas for which the VV channel exhibits fluctuations and peaks. Thanks to the insensitivity of the VH channel to these scene changes, it provides additional measurement points which are reliable despite their low amplitude. The increment of measurement points not only extends the spatial density and enables the detection of active deformation areas not found in the VV results but also provides more accurate results than only using the VV channel, thanks to the increased density of points, which helps the deformation estimation.
Assessment of the Capacity and Availability of Post Abortion Care Resources in Secondary Healthcare Facility-Based Hospital in Kano State

Post-abortion care (PAC) is a global approach towards solving the problem of maternal mortality and morbidity arising from abortion and its related complications. It is designed to manage the complications of abortion and to improve women’s sexual and reproductive health. This study was therefore conducted to assess the capacity of secondary health care facilities within Kano metropolis towards the provision of PAC. An explorative research design was adopted for this study. Results show that; All the first four-components (71%) with an exception of community and service provider partnership were rendered as part of the PAC component and more than half (65%) of the required resources for the provision of PAC were available. It can be concluded that; The capacity toward post-abortion care provision was high and more than half of the required resources for delivering PAC were available. It is recommended that; more health personnel are recruited to enable the facility to incorporate the last component of the PAC, notably community and service provider partnership.