Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perpetua: The UAH Journal of Undergraduate Research Perpetua: The UAH Journal of Undergraduate Research Differences in Player Metrics Between Lacrosse Games and Differences in Player Metrics Between Lacrosse Games and Practices Practices

​ – ​ This study was intended to better understand the physiological demands of the sport of lacrosse by analyzing and comparing player metrics during game and practice sessions. A team heart rate monitoring system with global positioning was utilized to measure player metrics during games, which were compared with metrics recorded during practice sessions. Participants in the study consisted of 13 male high school club lacrosse players (16.2 ± 1.5 yr; 175.3 ± 7.7 cm; 69.9 ± 13.6 kg). Game and practice data were compared utilizing paired samples t ​ -tests, while individual position metrics were analyzed by independent samples ​ t ​ -tests. A standard p ≤ . 05 and effect size (r) were used to determine significance and effect sizes. Results of game and practice comparison showed significant differences for average HR, total calories, and caloric expenditure ​ (t ​ ≥ 4.2, ​ p ≤ ​ .003, ​ r ​ ≥ .590). Significant differences were also found for duration, total distance covered, and number of sprints performed between game and practice sessions ( ​ t ​ ≥2.32, ​ p≤ ​ .049, r ​ ≥.253). Positional comparisons identified significant differences and large effect sizes between midfield and face off positions for maximum HR ( ​ t ​ =2.411, p= ​ .028, ​ r ​ =.525) and number of sprints ( ​ t ​ = 3.242, ​ p = .005, ​ r ​ = .745). Games showed lower total caloric expenditure, but duration of the sessions was significantly different. When session duration was normalized, players showed a higher caloric expenditure during games. As a result of these findings coaches may want to change their practice session intensities if they wish to emulate games.
Keeping Race at the Center of School Discipline Practices and Trauma-Informed Care: An Interprofessional Framework

Given the unique forms of trauma that some Black and Brown youths are exposed to, and the salience of race and racial bias in discipline decision making, this article proposes that discipline interventions should be both race centered and trauma informed. Using critical race theory (CRT), trauma-informed practice literature, and restorative practice philosophies, this article presents a framework that highlights how schools can incorporate racial equity into mental health practices and discipline decision making with students. Namely, CRT tenets such as the centrality of race and racism, challenging the dominant perspective, valuing experiential knowledge, and the commitment to social justice guide authors’ recommendations on discipline decision making. Using an interprofessional perspective, this framework delineates how school social workers, school psychologists, and school counselors can support their schools to integrate interprofessional, trauma-informed, and race-centered practices into a behavioral intervention. Ultimately, this article provides interpersonal, practice, and structural recommendations that can help practitioners engage in equitable discipline decision making.
Knowledge Distillation: A Free-teacher Framework Driven by Word-Vector

： Knowledge distillation (KD) is an effective method to transferring knowledge from a larger teacher network to a small student network, in order to enhance the generalization ability of the small student network, which satisfies the low-memory and fast running requirements in practice. Existing KD methods often require a pre-trained teacher as a first step to discover useful knowledge, then subsequently transferring knowledge to student network. However, this procedure is a two training complex stages, requiring an expensive computational cost for a pre-trained teacher. In this paper, we propose a free-teacher framework driven by word-vector to address this limitation. By utilizing existing word vector packets (such as 'GoogleNews-vectors-negative300', etc.), we are committed to create a semantic similarity matrix. This matrix provides the additional soft label which is similar to conventional teacher model’s outputs, while does not require any extra training cost. Extensive evaluations show that our approach improve the generalization performance of a variety of deep neural networks competitive to alternative methods on two image classification datasets: CIFAR10 and CIFAR100, whilst not requiring extra expensive training cost.
Predicting the phenology of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, for sustainable pest management in Swiss apple orchards

The effects of temperature on post‐diapause development, female lifespan, and reproduction of Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were studied under controlled conditions to determine the respective parameters for a temperature‐driven phenology model. Lower thermal thresholds of 10.0 and 9.7 °C and thermal constants of 417.2 and 427.7 degree days were established for post‐diapause development of females and males, respectively. Female lifespan was found to be 202.6 degree days on average, with a lower thermal threshold of 11.2 °C. Total fecundity was highest at 27.7 °C with an average of 241.9 eggs per female. Literature data were used to quantify the lower thermal thresholds and the thermal constants for eggs, larvae, and pupae. For validation, the model was run with weather data from 13 consecutive years and the output was compared with pheromone trap catches from 39 to 63 different orchards, depending on the year. The model proved to be a reliable and useful tool to forecast codling moth phenology under Swiss conditions not only for a whole growing season but also during several years with very variable weather conditions. Hence, it can be used to support apple growers in pest management decisions on the one hand and to predict changes in codling moth phenology with respect to climate change on the other.
Socio-Ecological Contingencies with Climate Changes over the Prehistory in the Mediterranean Iberia

We conducted palynological, sedimentological, and chronological analyses of a coastal sediment sequence to investigate landscape evolution and agropastoral practices in the Nao Cap region (Spain, Western Mediterranean) since the Holocene. The results allowed for a reconstruction of vegetation, fire, and erosion dynamics in the area, implicating the role of fire in vegetation turnover at 5300 (mesophilous forests replaced by sclerophyllous scrubs) and at 3200 calibrated before present (cal. BP) (more xerophytics). Cereal cultivation was apparent from the beginning of the record, during the Mid-Neolithic period. From 5300 to 3800 cal. BP, long-lasting soil erosion was associated with the presence of cereals, indicating intense land-use during the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age periods. The decline of the agriculture signal and vegetal recolonization is likely explained by land abandonment during the Final Bronze Age. Anthropogenic markers reappeared during the Iberian period when more settlements were present. A contingency of human and environmental agencies was found at 5900, 4200, and 2800 cal. BP, coinciding with abrupt climate events, that have manifested locally in reduced spring discharge, an absence of agropastoral evidence, and a marked decline in settlement densities. This case study, covering five millennia and three climate events, highlights how past climate changes have affected human activities, and also shows that people repeatedly reoccupied the coast once the perturbation was gone. The littoral zone remained attractive for prehistoric communities despite the costs of living in an area exposed to climatic hazards, such as droughts.
Fatty acid patterns of soil decomposers and predators as affected by plant species richness

Relationships between organisms in the soil are very important to control the equilibrium of an ecosystem. Many factors and conditions play a crucial role for the development and functioning of decomposers and predators, i.e., plant species richness have an effect on soil biota, increasing the diversity of organisms. During recent years, fatty acid (FA) analysis has become a very useful tool to reveal food webs and feeding preferences of different organisms. The present study took place in the framework of the “Jena Experiment”, located in the floodplain of the Saale River near the city of Jena, Thuringia, Germany. Animal samples were collected from 76 plots with different plant diversity levels: 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 and different functional groups: grasses, legumes, small herbs and tall herbs. Soil animals were extracted by heat, collected in diluted glycerol and transferred into 70% ethanol for storage under room temperature. The most abundant decomposers were: Allolobophora chlorotica and Aporrectodea caliginosa, while the most abundant predators were: Geophilus flavus, Lithobius microps, Amara aenea and Aleocharinae beetles. Neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFAs) were used to test if plant species richness affect the presence and amount of FAs in the animals and to expose their feeding habitats and preferences in the field. Results indicated that plant species richness has no effect on FA patterns in decomposers and predators, being the presence and amount of FAs only influenced by the species itself. Although, more species and more individuals were found in plots with more plant species richness, the results were not statistically significant. The presence of bacteria, fungi and plant markers in the FA composition of the decomposers and predators suggests trophic transfer and incorporation of intact soil microbial FAs into the FA profiles of the animals, proving the effectiveness of this method not only for laboratory experiments but also for investigations in the field. The plant marker 18:1ω9 was the most abundant FA in all animals, suggesting plant and plant feeding prey species preferences.
Censored and multi-trait Bayesian models for genetic evaluation of milk, weight and reproductive traits in Guzerá cattle in tropical conditions

The purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and compare models for handling censored data of age at first calving (AFC) in Guzerá Brazilian beef cattle. Censored records were defined as AFC records out of range of 740 and 1860 days. Data including information of 69,157 Guzerá cows were analyzed using 7 different methods: conventional linear method (LM), considering only uncensored records; simulation method (SM), which data are augmented by drawing random samples from positive truncated normal distributions; penalty method (PM), in which a constant of 21 days was add ed to censored records; a bitrait threshold-linear method (TLcens) considering or not (TLmiss) prior information about censored records; and piecewise Weibull proportional hazards methodology considering (PWPHcens) or not (PWPH) censored records. For survival analysis, deviance information criterion (DIC) values suggested 0 and 2 piecewise change points in the baseline function of PWPH and PWPHcens models, respectively. Survival variance components were different compared to non-survival approaches. Among non-survival approaches, the additive genetic variance components estimated from LM, PM and TLmiss were similar, whereas SM and TLcens provided different estimates. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.19 (TLcens) to 0.28 (SM) in non-survival approaches, and 0.40 and 0.46 to PWPH and PWPHcens methods, respectively. In general, genetic breeding values correlations from different methods and the percentage of selected bulls in common indicated moderate reranking, ranging from -0,28 (SM x PWPH) to 0.99 (TLmiss and LM). Comparisons based on cross validation analyses, indicated TLmiss as a suitable alternative for predicting breeding value for AFC in this Guzerá population.
Assessment on honeybee flora species with their time of flowering in East and Horo Guduru Wollega, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia

The study were conducted to identify major and minor honey bee plants to prepare a checklist of melliferous plants with their annual flowering periods in three representative districts of highlands H/G/Wollega (J/Ganati, Horro and J/Jarte) and two districts in midland of East Wollega (S/Sire and G/seyo). For the interview, the total of 94 beekeepers were selected by the appointment of Woreda experts and from each districts honey samples were taken from five kebeles at 5km distant within three honey flow season and mellissopalynology was done. The survey result indicated that (97.9%) of respondents are male and majority of them were primary school educated (33%), age 18-30 were (33.1%), occupation (94.7%) farmers and majority of them were start beekeeping >1993 (54.3%) by catching colony (54.3%). Based on the interview with bee keepers and visual observations,92 important plant species with their habits were recorded, out of which 28 species were found as major and 64 species were found as minor honey bee flora sources in both agro ecology. It was also indicated that some of honey bee flora species identified by the respondent were similar with honey bee plant identified through pollen analysis from honey samples within each honey flow season. Based on most frequently flowering season majority of honey bee flora species of the area flower in first season (September to November) and second season (December to February) in all districts that indicate two Major nectar and pollen flow period and bee keeper can: establish apiary site, install bee hives, divide colonies, add supers, use swarm control measures and harvest honey. The next honey flow season (March to May), which is third honey flow season for highlands (J/Jarte, Horo and J/Ganati, but it is dearth period for midland(S/Sire and G/Sayo). Since the time from June to August is the dearth period for all districts: supper reduction and supplementary feeding is recommended and mellisopalynology from pollen load is timely essential to establish floral calendar.
The Impact of Thermal Treatment on Structural Changes of Teak and Iroko Wood Lignins

Thermal modification is an environmentally friendly method to improve dimensional stability, durability, and aesthetic properties of wood. Changes in lignin as one of the main wood components markedly influence wood product properties and recycling possibilities of thermowood at the end of its life cycle. Teak and iroko wood samples were thermally treated at the temperatures of 160 °C, 180 °C and 210 °C following the Thermowood process. Dioxane lignin was isolated from treated and untreated wood and analysed by nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The yields of both acid-insoluble and dioxane lignins increased with an increasing treatment temperature. Dioxane lignins are GS-types containing more guaiacyl units compared to syringyl ones with S/G ratios of 0.91 and 0.84, respectively. In the process of thermal modification, several degradation and condensation reactions were observed. The cleavage of methoxyl groups and side chains, oxidation reactions, cleavage of the β-O-4 ether linkage and cross-linking radicals arising at higher temperatures were all confirmed. However, during the thermal treatment, teak lignin changed in a different way than iroko lignin, e.g., the molecular weight of iroko lignin decreased at all applied temperatures while it increased at 180 °C and 210 °C in teak lignin, and the change in S/G ratio and the cleavage of alkyl-aryl bonds are different in both wood species.
Using visible spectral-index as alternative methods for identifying levels of Ganoderma Boninese infection

Ganoderma boninense is a major devastating disease for oil palm. The severity level identification of Ganoderma boninense on oil palm plantation is important to support the decision making on managerial activities. There have been researches conducted about the usage of unmanned aerial photograph (UAV) on oil palm plantation, nonetheless, the utilization of digital data on the visible aerial photograph has not optimally used. This study aims to obtain alternative methods to identify the severity level of Ganoderma boninense infection with visible spectral index from a visible aerial photograph (RGB). Visible aerial photograph (RGB-aerial photograph) is adopted on this research and carried out at Dusun Ulu plantation with various visible spectral-index methods. The visible spectral-index methods are the excess green index (ExG), the excess red index (ExR), the excess green minus excess red index, and the colour of vegetation extraction (CIVE). The results of four visible spectral-index methods are able to differentiate the severity level of Ganoderma boninense infection on each individual of oil palm.
A box-jenkins sarima analysis of dysentery cases in children aged below five at a provincial hospital in Zimbabwe

This piece of work uses monthly time series data on new dysentery cases at Gweru Provincial Hospital (GPH) from Janaury 2010 to December 2018, to predict dysentery cases over the period January 2019 to December 2020. As confirmed by unit root tests, the series under consideration is basically an I (1) variable. The study applied the Box-Jenkins “catch all” model. Residual analysis of this model indicates that the model is stable and thus suitable for predicting dysentery cases at GPH over the out-of-sample period. The results of the study reveal that dysentery cases will be on the rise at GPH over the out-of-sample period; characterized by seasonal repeats in December each year. The study offers a two-fold policy recommendation in order to help policy makers in the fight against dysentery in children under five years of age within the GPH catchment area.
Fibrinogen and Silent Atherosclerosis in Subjects With Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Abstract Fibrinogen may play an active role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. We assessed the association between fibrinogen levels and atherosclerotic plaques over three different arterial sites in an asymptomatic never-treated male population with increased cardiovascular risk. We included 652 men aged 40 to 60 years old with at least one of the following cardiovascular risk factors: cholesterol >6.2 mmol/L and/or systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥95 mm Hg, and/or because they smoked. Carotid and femoral arteries and the abdominal aorta were assessed by using ultrasonographic methods for the presence of plaque, and subjects were categorized according to the presence (or absence) and extent (one versus two or three sites) of plaque. Plasma fibrinogen was measured according to the thrombin-time method of Clauss. While the presence of atherosclerosis was significantly related to age, current smoking, systolic pressure, LDL cholesterol, and fibr.
What Drives Farmers’ Decisions to Invest? The Role of Research Engagement, Information Collection and Type of Farm

The present paper develops a framework for modeling and explaining the decisions of farmers for realizing investments aimed at improving the operation of their holdings. The empirical analysis is conducted in Greece on 777 farmers of arable and orchard crops. The results prioritize the significance of farmers’ research engagement and information collection and show that there is a systematic difference between the realized investments between arable crops and orchard farmers, as the latter seem to invest more in their holdings. Finally, the paper ends up with a clustering exercise, in order to distinguish three groups of farmers which could be used as a means for shaping more tailored policy initiatives.
Examining the Role of Local Products in Rural Development in the Light of Consumer Preferences—Results of a Consumer Survey from Hungary

The scientific examination of short food supply chains is justified by consumer interest and their role in the European Unions’ subsidy policy and rural development. In our current article, we present the results of a consumer survey of more than a thousand people from Hungary. It was conducted in the North Hungarian (rural) region. Our research goals were: (1) To access consumer demand for short food supply chains and to determine the characteristics of consumers who prefer local foods; and (2) to examine the role of short food supply chains in rural development by a territorial comparison. The results showed that consumers’ willingness to pay a theoretical premium for local products was high (averagely +20.7%). Compared to that, we considered their monthly purchased quantity low. We found a statistically valid, yet weak, correlation that on a monthly basis, the purchase of local products was more significant for consumers from smaller settlements and villages than those from (greater) cities. Furthermore, there were factors in some consumers’ preferences that indicated a greater interest for small producers’ goods. Although it was not possible to assess the absolute demand of the studied rural area, these results (at a certain level) confirm the potential of short food chains in rural development.
A Comparative Analysis between Global University Rankings and Environmental Sustainability of Universities

Global University Rankings (GURs) intend to measure the performance of universities worldwide. Other rankings have recently appeared that evaluate the creation of environmental policies in universities, e.g., the Universitas Indonesia (UI) GreenMetric. This work aims to analyze the interaction between the Top 500 of such rankings by considering the geographical location of universities and their typologies. A descriptive analysis and a statistical logistical regression analysis were carried out. The former demonstrated that European and North American universities predominated the Top 500 of GURs, while Asian universities did so in the Top 500 of the UI GreenMetric ranking, followed by European universities. Older universities predominated the Top 500 of GURs, while younger ones did so in the Top 500 of the UI GreenMetric ranking. The second analysis demonstrated that although Latin American universities were barely present in the Top 500 of GURs, the probability of them appearing in the Top 500 of the UI GreenMetric ranking was 5-fold. We conclude that a low association exists between universities’ academic performance and their commitment to the natural environment in the heart of their institutions. It would be advisable for GURs to include environmental indicators to promote sustainability at universities and to contribute to climate change.
Consumers’ Perceptions of the Supply of Tap Water in Crisis Situations

This paper first presents the results of polling on the subject of potable water in crisis situations, with respondents from south-eastern Poland’s Subcarpathian region asked for their opinions on the level of nuisance associated with water supply interruptions and water quality, levels of consumption and water companies’ quality of service. Among the respondents 53% regard the quality of the water they receive as satisfactory, while a quarter see it as only average. However, respondents are relatively satisfied with the corporate response when supplies are interrupted, as methods and means of notification are judged effective by 60%. Continuing with work to assess possibilities for water companies to improve their performance in crisis situations, the present study generates an Analytical Hierarchy Process allowing recipients to determine importance criteria where quality of service is concerned. This could facilitate management by water companies, providing for centralised control and comparison that help secure services of appropriate quality. The process can also help protect different groups of recipients, as safety is evaluated through analysis of functioning, and of failures and losses.