Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ffi cient Evaluation of HAVING Queries on a Probabilistic Database

We study the evaluation of positive conjunctive queries with Boolean aggregate tests (similar to HAVING queries in SQL) on probabilistic databases. Our motivation is to handle aggregate queries over imprecise data resulting from information integration or information extraction. More precisely, we study conjunctive queries with predicate aggregates using MIN, MAX, COUNT, SUM, AVG or COUNT(DISTINCT) on probabilistic databases. Computing the precise output probabilities for positive conjunctive queries (without HAVING) is ]P-hard, but is in P for a restricted class of queries called safe queries. Further, for queries without self-joins either a query is safe or its data complexity is ]P-Hard, which shows that safe queries exactly capture tractable queries without self-joins. In this paper, for each aggregate above, we find a class of queries that exactly capture efficient evaluation for HAVING queries without self-joins. Our algorithms use a novel technique to compute the marginal distributions of elements in a semiring, which may be of independent interest.
a t e Thm . 2 Achievability Thm . 3 Achievability Conjectured Achievability 1 Conjectured Achievability 2 Thm

In this paper, we study the information-theoretic limits of community detection in the symmetric two-community stochastic block model, with intra-community and intercommunity edge probabilities a n and b n respectively. We consider the sparse setting, in which a and b do not scale with n, and provide upper and lower bounds on the proportion of community labels recovered on average. We provide a numerical example for which the bounds are near-matching for moderate values of a−b, and matching in the limit as a− b grows large.
Effect of Particle Size on Loading Capacity and Water Quality in Water Defluoridation with 200°C Calcined Bauxite, Gypsum, Magnesite and their Composite Filter

Water defluoridation research has been going on world over in an attempt to mitigate dental and skeletal fluorosis. The effects of high fluoride ingestion on teeth and bone are well documented (Varol et al., 2010; Smittakorn et al., 2010; Castillo et al., 2007). Fluoride is known to cause browning and mottling of teeth and weakening of the bones leading to crippling conditions (Vasudevan et al., 2009; Feenstra et al., 2007). A number
Balancing and Contrasting Biased Samples for Debiased Visual Question Answering

The goal of Visual Question Answering (VQA) is to test the reasoning ability of an intelligent agent by evaluating visual and textual information. However, recent studies suggest that many VQA models may only capture the correlation between questions and answers in the dataset rather than demonstrating true reasoning ability. To address this issue, we propose a new training approach called Balancing and Contrasting Biased Samples for Debiased VQA (BC-VQA) to build a robust VQA model. In our approach, we first generate two types of negative samples to balance the biased data and use self-supervised auxiliary tasks to help the base VQA model overcome language priors. Our method does not require any additional annotations. We then filter out biased training samples, construct positive samples by eliminating spurious correlations in biased samples, and perform auxiliary training through contrastive learning. Our approach is straightforward to implement and compatible with various VQA backbones. The experimental results demonstrate that BC-VQA achieves higher accuracy on VQA-CP v2 compared to the current state-of-the-art approaches.
Enriched Representation Learning for Longitudinal Chest X-ray Analysis: A Novel Approach for Improved Disease Detection and Localization

Chest X-rays are commonly used for diagnosing and characterizing lung diseases, but the complex morphological patterns in radiographic appearances can challenge clinicians in making accurate diagnoses. To address this challenge, various learning methods have been developed for algorithm-aided disease detection and automated diagnosis. However, most existing methods fail to account for the heterogeneous variability in longitudinal imaging records and the presence of missing or inconsistent temporal data. In this paper, we propose a novel longitudinal learning framework that enriches inconsistent imaging data over sequential time points by leveraging two-dimensional principal component analysis and a robust adaptive loss function. We also derive an efficient solution algorithm that ensures both objective and sequence convergence for the nonconvex optimization problem. Our experiments on the CheXpert dataset demonstrate improved performance in capturing indicative abnormalities in medical images and achieving satisfactory diagnoses. We believe that our method will be of significant interest to the research community working on medical image analysis.
Data report: stable carbon isotope fluctuation of long-chain n-alkanes from Leg 208 Hole 1263A across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary

Carbon isotope ratios of terrestrial biomarkers extracted from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1263A show a prominent negative excursion across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. The isotope profiles of the normal alkanes nonacosane (n-C29), hentriacontane (n-C31), and tritriacontane (n-C33), the first such profiles generated with samples from a pelagic section, are similar to those of carbonate carbon, though the magnitude of the excursion is larger, roughly 4‰–5‰. In addition, the n-alkane records show an inflection at 334.70 meters composite depth, which is roughly equivalent to where the inflection occurs in the carbonate record. These results suggest that the terrestrial compounds are directly recording changes in atmospheric carbon δ13C and that the actual excursion may have been larger than that recorded by marine carbonates.
Effect of local substrates on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus K. in the North West Region, Cameroon

Food security to the ever growing world population is a major challenge of the 21 st century. Scientists all over the world are seriously exploring ways and means to bring more food on the table. Cultivation of highly nutritional and medicinal mushrooms on local substrates is one of such effort. In an attempt to bring in our own contribution, locally available substrates for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus was investigated at the Mbeng-Adio mushroom cultivation center Banjah Bamenda, Cameroon from March to September 2015. Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated on different supplemented substrates such as Corn cobs on corn flour T1, Corn cobs on rice bran T2, Iroko on corn flour T3, Iroko on rice bran T4, Eucalyptus on corn flour T5 and Eucalyptus on rice bran T6; supplemented with 1% CaCO3. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design. The effects of various substrates on comparative growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom were then analyzed. The highest degree of colonization after inoculation (95%) and lowest time from primordia initiation to harvest (3.25days) were obtained in T6. The highest biological yield (0.47 kg/packet), economic yield (0.43 kg/packet) and 75% contamination were obtained with T1. Highest fresh weight (0.47 kg/packet), highest dry weight(0.09 kg/packet), highest average number of primordia/packet(226.3), highest average number of fruiting body/packet(43.25), the highest average weight of individual fruiting body(0.02 kg), highest mean thickness of stipe (12.08) and the highest average number of effective fruiting body/packet(26.25) were obtained in T5. Among many aspects, T5 was found as the best substrate with biological yield (0.47 kg/packet) and economic yield (0.43 kg/packet) followed by T1, T6, T4, and T3, with T2 rejected due to 100% contamination for the production of the oyster mushroom.
Regulating crime prevention design into consumer products: Learning the lessons from electronic vehicle immobilisation

Despite significant reductions in recent years, acquisitive property crime remains the single largest crime category, with over 700,000 offences recorded annually by police in Australia. There is potential to further reduce the scale of such offending and the subsequent costs to society by focusing attention on the design of frequently stolen consumer products in order to reduce their vulnerability to theft. While there is a variety of ways of engaging with manufacturers, government regulation may ultimately be required if other approaches prove unsuccessful. This paper examines the lessons that can be learned as a result of the regulation of motor manufacturers to install electronic immobilisers on all new cars from July 2001, which has contributed to significant reductions in vehicle crime over the past decade. Eight generic lessons for future regulation of crime prevention design in consumer products are outlined. These lessons should assist policymakers to identify how the costs incurred by the criminal justice system in dealing with acquisitive property crime could be shifted to manufacturers, who arguably contribute to the problem by the way they design and market their consumer products.
Coagulation Profile in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: A Pilot Study

Background and Objectives: congenital heart disease (CHD), cyanotic and, to a lesser degree, acyanotic, often are accompanied by coagulation abnormalities, impacting substantially morbidity and mortality. Until now, no consistent hemostatic patterns have been demonstrated in neonates and children with CHD because they represent a variable and heterogenous population. The aim of the present study is to investigate the hemostatic profile, as well as the role of ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type-1 motives), the cleaving protein of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in neonates with CHD and compare them to healthy age-matched controls. Materials and Methods: twenty neonates with a mean gestational age of 37.1 ± 2.5 weeks were included in the CHD group, and 18 healthy neonates with a mean gestational age of 38.2 ± 1.5 weeks were in the control group. Results: prothrombin time was significantly prolonged, and accordingly, factor VII (FVII) levels were significantly decreased in the CHD group in comparison to controls. Factor VIII (FVIII), VWF, and ristocetin cofactor activity (Rcof) levels were significantly higher in the study vs. control group. Concentrations of ADAMTS-13 were decreased in the CHD vs. control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Our results, in combination, indicate a balanced hemostatic mechanism, although with greater variability in neonates with CHD, while developmental aspects of coagulation are evident in the specific patient population. Conclusions: the coagulation profile is moderately impaired early in the course of CHD, though increased thrombogenicity is already present and should not be ignored.
COMPLEX RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CHANGE AT ALPINE TREELINE

A focus of geography is the study of complexity: we include many interacting processes when we study places. Another view of complexity in geography is that complex pattern, in particular spatial pattern, can arise from few or simple interactions, if they are nonlinear. Environmental responses to global change are likely to be nonlinear and thus complex. Shifts in ecotones–the boundaries of vegetation types or biomes–may be indicative of such complex response to global change. One reason for expecting nonlinearity is that positive feedbacks may play a strong role in determining the conditions for the establishment and growth of trees. A spatially explicit computer simulation is used to examine the effects of feedback strength, seed rain and establishment, and rate of environmental change as might occur at a mountain treeline ecotone. Changes in presence and abundance of trees exhibit nonlinear responses to environmental change during a transient period. The implications of nonlinear responses are that surprises are more likely than precise prediction. [Key words: complexity, ecotone, Rocky Mountains, treeline. ]
Trabecular bone score in obese patients with and without diabetes

The link between obesity, diabetes and bone metabolism is quite complex and not entirely clear. Although many clinical and epidemiological studies demonstrate that obesity enhances bone mineral density, its effect on bone microarchitecture is uncertain. The objective of this study was to examine the bone microarchitecture in obese patients with and without diabetes. The study included 119 individuals with ages from 30 to 50. Participants were divided into three groups: obese patients, obese diabetic patients, and a healthy control group. Results showed that obesity has a positive effect on trabecular bone score (TBS). Diabetes and obesity have a significant interactive impact on bone microarchitecture (TBS). Furthermore, HbA1c influences TBS in both obese diabetic patients and obese non-diabetic subjects. In contrast to the majority of studies, we found that obesity positively influenced TBS. TBS was inversely related to HbA1c levels in obese type 2 diabetics. Diabetes and obesity have a significant interactive impact on bone structure, in particular on bone microarchitecture.
A Baseline Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Proposed Sit for Thermal Desorption Unit (TDU) Waste Management Project in Rivers State, Nigeria: Floristic Composition Approach

This report describes the results of a wet and dry season ecological baseline impact assessment study based on the context of a proposed Thermal Desorption Unit (TDU) development project in Eteo Eleme, Rivers State. Thermal Desorption Unit project of the magnitude of a waste management project must always have some negative effects on the quality and quantity of the environment. Following an environment impact assessment (EIA) a series of mitigation measures must be put in place to minimize the intensity of the negative effect of the project on the environment. The paper seeks to assess through baseline data the envisaged impact of the project on the existing conditions of the biophysical environment, to appraise the possible risk to the environment and mitigation measures adopted. It uses a combination of standard procedures of integrated data sources to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the floristic profile of the project study area. The result highlights most of the biophysical impact variables that will have negative effect on the environment. However, the study site still maintains the status of abundance, richness and evenness with obvious similarity in floristic composition and forest structure to that in tropical forest elsewhere in the world. It is obvious that the Eteo vegetation system is gradually under ecological succession resulting to secondary vegetation system without proper articulation of its wealth of flora diversity, but with high flora diversity in rainy season than dry season. The useful application of phyto-sociological indices in determining the status of its vegetation complex in terms of species abundance, density, important value index, diversity and distribution pattern is being recorded in the Table for both wet and dry seasons. The paper emphasis the need for sound environmental commitments to the project and to appraise their implementation. A proper balance between the expected benefits from the project and cost implication can only be obtained through impact studies and careful monitoring.
Primary study on diffusion of contaminants in meandering furcated rivers

The flow characteristics in meandering furcated rivers are complicated and have great influence on the diffusion of contaminants.In order to analyze the influence quantitatively,the mathematical model for diffusion of contaminants was solved by finite element method.The influences of circumfluence and back flow on the diffusion of contaminants were simulated and calculated in detail,and the visual result and averaged diffusion distance were obtained.The results include that the boundary layer can alleviate the diffusion a little,the separation of the bends make the contaminants diffuse in multi-direction,and contaminants are difficult to diffuse in circumfluence and wake of back,which are good for the collection and concentrated control of contaminants.
Analysis of the influence of noise and individual characteristics with non-auditory effects on workers of PT. X (Study at Lumajang factory)

PT X is one of the factories under the auspices of one of State-Own Enterprises which manages sugar as the main commodity. This factory is one of the factories with modern sugar milling machines in the East Java area. One of the hazards of the work environment in the industry is noise. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence between individual characteristics and non-auditory effects on employees exposed to noise in the PT X milling area. This type of research is observational with a cross sectional approach. Data collection was carried out at PT X in October 2023. The population of this study was 39 employees of the PT.X milling area. The independent variables in this study are individual characteristics (wearing ear protective equipment) and noise intensity. While the dependent variable in this study is non auditory effect complaints. Data were collected through questionnaire and measurement of noise intensity. The statistical test used was Spearman rho correlation test. The results showed that there was a correlation between APT compliance (r = 0.332) and noise intensity (r = 343) with complaints of non-auditory effects. Based on the results of the study, ear protective equipment (APT) or ear plug compliance and noise intensity have an influence on non-auditory effects. It is recommended that the company promotes the importance of using APT during the milling period in areas that have high noise intensity. In addition, there is a need for regulations regarding the use of APT to suppress the compliance of milling area employees to be more compliant with the use of APT.
Invasive alien birds in Denmark

Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidsskr. 109 (2015): 193-205 Abstract Avian Introduced Alien Species (IAS) constitute a threat to the integrity of native biodiversity, the economy and human health, so here we briefly review some of the problems posed by such species around the world in relation to such bird species in Denmark. A new European Union Regulation on Invasive Alien Species implemented in January 2015 establishes a framework for actions to combat alien species, which requires Member States to prevent the spread of alien species, provide early warning and rapid responses to their presence and management of established alien species where they occur. We show the importance of mechanisms such as DOF’s (Dansk Ornitologisk Forening, BirdLife Denmark) Atlas project, Common Bird Census (breeding and wintering species) and DOFbasen to contribute data on the current geographical and numerical distribution of the few serious alien avian species already present in Denmark. We review the status, abundance and distribution of seven critical IAS that do, or have, occurred in Denmark in the last 10 years and conclude that none of these pose a major threat as things stand at the present, although breeding Egyptian Geese Alopochen aegyptiaca and Canada Geese Branta canadensis potentially give cause for future concern. We underline the need for continued surveillance of all avian IAS through data collection via DOF’s monitoring programmes and Aarhus University’s mid-winter waterbird census, hunting bag and wing surveys. These programmes are essential if we are to continue to effectively monitor the extent and nature of the problems constituted by IAS in support of the Danish Nature Agency in their direct management of alien species problems in this country.
Additive Cross-Modal Attention Network (ACMA) for Depression Detection Based on Audio and Textual Features

Detecting depression involves using standardized questionnaires like the Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-8/9). Yet, patients might not always provide genuine responses, leading to potential misdiagnoses. Therefore, the need for a means to detect depression in patients without the use of preset questions is of high importance. Addressing this challenge, our study aims to discern telltale symptoms from statements made by the patient. We harness both audio and text data, proposing an Additive cross-modal attention network to learn and pick up the appropriate weights that best capture the cross-modal interactions and relationships between both features using BiLSTM as the backbone of both modalities. We tested our approach on the DAIC-WOZ dataset for depression detection and also evaluated our model performance on the EATD-Corpus. Benchmarked against similar studies on these datasets, our method demonstrates commendable efficacy in both classification and regression models for both unimodal and multimodal approaches. Our findings underscore the potential of our model to effectively detect depression in patients while using textual and speech modalities without the necessary use of preset questions for effective detection.
Cerebral Benefits Induced by Electrical Muscle Stimulation: Evidence from a Human and Rat Study

Physical exercise (EX) is well established for its positive impact on brain health. However, conventional EX may not be feasible for certain individuals. In this regard, this study explores electromyostimulation (EMS) as a potential alternative for enhancing cognitive function. Conducted on both human participants and rats, the study involved two sessions of EMS applied to the quadriceps with a duration of 30 min at one-week intervals. The human subjects experienced assessments of cognition and mood, while the rats underwent histological and biochemical analyses on the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and quadriceps. Our findings indicated that EMS enhanced executive functions and reduced anxiety in humans. In parallel, our results from the animal studies revealed an elevation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), specifically in the hippocampus. Intriguingly, this increase was not associated with heightened neuronal activity or cerebral hemodynamics; instead, our data point towards a humoral interaction from muscle to brain. While no evidence of increased muscle and circulating BDNF or FNDC5/irisin pathways could be found, our data highlight lactate as a bridging signaling molecule of the muscle–brain crosstalk following EMS. In conclusion, our results suggest that EMS could be an effective alternative to conventional EX for enhancing both brain health and cognitive function.