Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological and Biochemical Studies on the ι-Carrageenan Producing Red Alga Eucheuma uncinatum Setchell and Gardner from the Gulf of California

Cystocarpic and tetrasporic plants were identified from three geographically separate populations of the endemic red alga, Eucheuma uncinatum Setchell and Gardner, at two sites on the east and one site on the west coasts of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Photosynthetic and respiratory rates of each population were determined under varying light, temperature and salinities. The physiological studies indicate that E. uncinatum is a stenohaline alga requiring high light tevels with peak rates of photosynthesis occurring under cooler temperatures (20-28 C)' Our findings suggest that cool temperatures, high salinities, and shallow tanks should be used in mariculture efforts. Also, higher temperatures may be a major cause of the annual life history reported for natural populations (Dawson 1971, Norris 1975). No distinctions could be found between sexual stages or populations in the levels of ash, protein οτ carbohydrate for entire plants or for carrageenan yield, viscosity, gel strength, and chemistry including molar ratios of galactose/3, 6-anhydrogalactose/ester sulfate. Eucheuma uncinatum carrageenan has a high level of sulfation, approaching, after alkali modification, the theoretical molar ratio of 0.5/0.5/1 for galactose/3, 6-anhydrogalactose/ester sulfate. The "typical" carrageenan off. uncinatum is contrasted with the "deviant" t-carrageenan found in E. isiforme from Florida where a lower sulfation level is apparent.
Diversity and Distribution of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera in Southern Brazil Wetlands

Abstract Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera larvae are important components of freshwater benthic communities. However, the environmental factors that determine Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera diversity and distribution in wetland systems of the Neotropical region are not well known. The objectives of this study were to: 1) conduct a diversity survey of mayflies and caddisflies in 140 wetlands in an extensive area of the Neotropical region (∼220,000 km2, southern Brazil), and 2) determine how much variation in mayfly and caddisfly richness and composition is explained by wetland area, altitude, hydroperiod, aquatic vegetation and water conductivity. A total of 5207 individuals distributed among 16 genera of Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera were collected in the studied wetlands. The mayflies were represented by eight genera, and comprised 94.6% of the collected individuals. The richness of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera was similar between permanent and intermittent wetlands, and it did not differ significantly between aquatic bed and emergent wetlands. However, the density was higher in permanent than in intermittent wetlands, and it was higher in aquatic bed than in emergent wetlands. While the richness and density were negatively associated with altitude and water conductivity, the composition was associated with wetland area and altitude. In terms of the conservation, there is a need to promote conservation of all wetland systems in southern Brazil, regardless of their area and altitude. These arguments are essential to develop conservation and management programs of wetlands in this region.
Analysis of Variance for Three-Way Unbalanced Mixed Effects Interactive Model

In the study, a method of solving ANOVA problems based on an unbalanced three-way mixed effects model with interaction for data when factors A and B are fixed, and factor C is random was presented, and the required EMS was derived. Under each of the appropriate null hypotheses, it was observed that none of the derived EMS was unbiased for the other. Unbiased estimators of the mean squares were determined to test hypotheses. With the unbiased estimators, appropriate F-statistics as well as their corresponding pseudo-degrees of freedom were obtained. The theoretical results presented in the paper were illustrated using a numerical example.
A Revisional Study of the Japanese Spiders of the Genus Cyclosa MENGE (Araneae: Araneidae)

Japanese spiders of the genus Cyclosa MENGE, 1866, are revised. After an examination of many specimens collected from various parts of Japan, 22 species of the genus occurring in the country were recognized. They are as follows: C. octotuberculata KARSCH, 1879, C. laticauda BOSENBERG et STRAND, 1906, C. monticola BOSENBERG et STRAND, 1906, C. angusta sp. nov., C. onoi sp. nov., C. omonaga sp. nov., C. confusa BOSENBERG et STRAND, 1906, C. japonica BOSENBERG et STRAND, 1906, C. norihisai sp. nov., C. atrata BOSENBERG et STRAND, 1906, C. hamulata sp. nov., C. maritima sp. nov., C. psylla (THORELL, 1887), C. mulmeinensis (THORELL, 1887), C. vallata KEYSERLING, 1886, C. sachikoae sp. nov., C. alba sp. nov., C. argenteoalba BOSENBERG et STRAND, 1906, C. okumae sp. nov., C. ginnaga YAGINUMA, 1959, C. kumadai sp. nov. and C. sedeculata BOSENBERG et STRAND, 1906.
Determinants of Cybercrime Originating within a Nation: A Cross-country Study

ABSTRACT8 Cybercrimes have an adverse impact on the reputation and economy of a nation. This paper investigates the factors that affect the frequency of cybercrime originating within a country. These factors were grouped into three categories, namely, economic capital, technological capital, and cybersecurity preparedness. On analyzing the data from 124 countries, it emerges that the economic capital and technological capital of a country are the primary factors that influence the frequency of cybercrime originating within it. Technological capital also partially mediates the relationship between economic capital and the frequency of cybercrime originating within the nation. Furthermore, the cybersecurity preparedness of a nation negatively moderates the relationship between technological capital and frequency of cybercrime originating within it. The findings have significant implications for policymakers at the national level and managers at the organizational level concerning cybersecurity preparedness. They should focus on both hard (legal, technical, organizational) and soft (training and co-operational) aspects of cybersecurity preparation to minimize the incidence of cybercrime within a nation.
Complete mitochondrial genome of redbreast Wrasse Cheilinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1791) and its phylogenetic status within the family Labridae

Abstract In order to improve our understanding of the characterization of Cheilinus fasciatus mitogenome and the classification status in Labridae, the full-length mtDNA of C. fasciatus was sequenced, which is 16,872 bp in length with the higher A + T content (53%). It is composed of 37 typical vertebrate mitochondrial genes and a noncoding control region (D-loop). Except for the ND6 gene and eight tRNAs, the rest of the genes are encoded on the heavy strand (H-strand). Subsequent phylogenetic analyses support that C. fasciatus belongs to the genus Cheilinus, which is closely related to two genera (Chlorurus and Scarus). The present study will provide important information for future understanding evolutionary theory, population molecular genetics and biological taxonomy of labrid fish.
Social mechanisms of population regulation in a captive group of bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata)

The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the factors that contributed to annual variation in fertility and infant survival in a relatively undisturbed captive group of bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) over a 16‐year period. The size and composition of this population fluctuated over time, and these changes were consistently associated with changes in female fertility and infant survival. Female fertility was highest when there were relatively few adult females in the group and when there were relatively few adult females per adult male. Similarly, infant survival was highest in years when there were relatively few adult females present and when cohorts of infants were small. Since environmental factors, such as availability of food and vulnerability to predation, were unlikely to constrain population growth in captivity, the data suggest that other mechanisms may have affected demographic processes in this captive group.
Density‐dependent marine survival of hatchery‐origin Chinook salmon may be associated with pink salmon

Understanding how protected species influence the population dynamics of each other is an essential part of ecosystem-based management. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are critical prey for endangered southern resident killer whales (SRKWs; Orcinus orca), and increasing releases of hatchery Chinook salmon has been proposed to aid SRKW recovery. We analyzed 30 yr of data and found that density-dependent survival of hatchery Chinook salmon released into the central and southern parts of the Salish Sea (Washington, USA; and British Columbia, Canada) may be associated with the presence of naturally produced pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), which are highly abundant as juveniles only in evennumbered years. We first modeled hatchery Chinook salmon marine survival as a function of the numbers of juvenile Chinook released and the presence of emigrating juvenile pink salmon between 1983 and 2012. Then, we related reconstructed numbers of hatchery Chinook salmon returning to Puget Sound to the abundance of juvenile Chinook released in even (pink emigration) and odd (non-pink emigration) years from 1980 to 2010. We found that in some regions of the Salish Sea, both hatchery Chinook salmon marine survival and adult Chinook returns varied depending on the number of hatchery Chinook released and the presence of juvenile pink salmon. Specifically, in some regions survival of hatchery Chinook salmon decreased when greater numbers of juveniles were released into the Salish Sea in even years, when large numbers of pink salmon were present, but increased or remained stable when pink salmon were not present in large numbers (in odd years). This suggests lower, density-dependent survival of juvenile Salish Sea Chinook salmon during even outmigration years. Our analyses suggest that scientists and managers should further investigate potential mechanisms for density-dependent survival of hatchery Chinook salmon from Salish Sea hatcheries when designing strategies to maximize adult returns.
A comparative study of extra-articular distal tibia fractures managed by intramedullary nailing vs locking plate

Introduction: Distal tibial fractures are common long bone fractures that occur mainly due to a high velocity trauma. These are difficult to treat because of its subcutaneous location and poor blood supply. Many studies have been published on modalities of treatment of distal tibia fractures. Available options are Intramedullary nails, locking plates and external fixators. The aim of our study was to compare intramedullary interlocking (IMIL) nailing and locking plate (LP) for the treatment of these fractures. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study consisting data of 20 patients with distal tibial fractures operated for IMIL nailing and LP. Patients were followed up for radiological and clinical outcome using The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Results: The functional outcome was assessed by AOFAS score. Overall 10 patients obtained an excellent result (50%) and 8 obtained a good result (40%) and 2 obtained fair result (10%). IMIL nailing shows lower rate of delayed wound healing and superficial infection and plating may avoid malunion and knee pain. Discussion: The study suggests superiority of IMIL nailing over LP in terms of less rates of infections, early rate of union, early weight bearing. Whereas LP is better in anatomical and fixed reductions of the fracture and less knee pain. Hence the modality of treatment should be based on the patient’s injury pattern, surgeon’s expertise and clinical condition.
The Lethal and Sublethal Effect of Heavy Metal Mixture on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in its Early Stages of Development

Methods of acute and chronic tests were used to evaluate toxic effects of heavy metal mixture (HMM) on rainbow trout in its early stages of development (eggs, larvae). The criteria of toxicity were mortality and growth of embryos and larvae depending upon the development stage of embryo effected by the under study toxicant (exposure immediately after fertilization and in the beginning of the early eye stage). Acute exposure to HMM has revealed that fish sensitivity to toxicants is different and depends on the stage of development. 96-hour exposure to LC50 revealed that most sensitive to heavy metal mixture were partially and fully hatched larvae of rainbow trout during the time of hatching while eggs just after fertilization were least sensitive to it. The results of this study show that sensitivity of eggs to HMM depends upon the duration of exposure. Chronic studies on the toxicity of HMM revealed that even low concentrations of the toxicant significantly decreased vitality of eggs and larvae of rainbow.
Effects of soil organic matter content and temperature on toxicity of dimethoate to Folsomia fimetaria (Collembola: Isotomiidae)

The purpose of these experiments was to study the effects of two major environmental factors, soil organic matter content (1.4–8.6%) and temperature (10–20°C), on chemical toxicity to a soil‐dwelling collembolan Folsomia fimetaria. Dimethoate was used as a reference chemical. Effects on survival, reproduction, and juvenile size were investigated. Increasing soil organic matter content reduced toxicity significantly, but the differences disappeared when results were recalculated and expressed as soil pore‐water concentrations. This supported the soil pore‐water hypothesis. The effects of soil temperature were not so clear, because temperature affects not only the growth and reproduction of the collembolan but also the chemical degradation. In general, decreasing temperature seemed to increase toxic effects. The procedure for toxicity testing with F. fimetaria was further improved by using adults at stage 7 to 8, when males and females could reliably be distinguished by size. Furthermore, image processing was applied for the first time in the counting and size measurements of the collembolans.
Risk factors, predictive markers and prevention strategies for intrauterine fetal death. An integrative review

Recommended Citation Bohiltea, Roxana; Turcan, Natalia; Cavinder, Christina M. ; Ducu, Ionită; Paunica, Ioana; Andronache, Liliana Florina; and Cirstoiu, Monica Mihaela (2020) "Risk factors, predictive markers and prevention strategies for intrauterine fetal death. An integrative review," Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences: Vol. 7 : Iss. 1 , Article 10. DOI: 10.22543/7674.71. P5260 Available at: https://scholar.valpo. edu/jmms/vol7/iss1/10
Amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meals for broiler chickens

Variation in the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in 19 meat and bone meal samples, obtained from commercial rendering plants in New Zealand, was determined using 5-week-old broilers. Assay diets contained meat and bone meal as the only source of protein, and chromic oxide as an indigestible marker for the calculation of amino acid digestibility values. Correlations of chemical composition (crude protein, ash, crude fat, and gross energy) and in vitro assays (protein solubility in 0.2% potassium hydroxide and nitrogen digestibility by 0.2% pepsin hydrolysis) with ileal amino acid digestibility were also examined. Considerable variation was observed in the contents of crude protein (38.5–67.2 g/100 g), ash (13.0– 56.5 g/100 g), crude fat (4.3–15.3 g/ 100 g), and gross energy (9.4–22.3 MJ/kg) of meat and bone meal samples. The amino acid concentrations and ileal digestibility of amino acids also varied substantially. Cystine, the first limiting amino acid in meat and bone meal, had the lowest digestibility estimates. Correlation analyses showed that the ash content was the only chemical parameter that was consistently correlated with amino acid digestibility. Digestibility of amino acids, with the exception of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, tyrosine, histidine, and cystine, was negatively correlated with ash content, with samples with high ash levels having lower digestibility. Both in vitro assay measurements were found to be insensitive indicators of variations in amino acid digestibility.
FIRST RECORD OF SPOTBASE BURRFISH, CYCLICHTHYS SPILOSTYLUS (ACTINOPTERYGII: TETRAODONTIFORMES: DIODONTIDAE), FROM THE MARINE WATERS OF TURKEY

A single adult specimen of spotbase burrfish, Cyclichthys spilostylus (Leis et Randall, 1982), was recorded for the first time on 26 December 2011 from the Mersin Bay, north-eastern Mediterranean, Turkey. This is the first record of the spotbase burrfish C. spilostylus from the marine waters of Turkey and third r ecord on the continental shelf in the Mediterranean basin. This is the 61th record of an Indo-Pacific alien fish species present along the marine waters of Turkey.
Extratos vegetais no controle de patógenos em sementes de Pterogyne nitens Tul

A demanda por sementes florestais para reflorestamento e outras finalidades podera se constituir em um meio de disseminacao de patogenos, que podem comprometer a qualidade fisiologica das sementes. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de extratos naturais de melao-de-sao-caetano (Momordica charantia) e alamanda (Allamanda blanchetti) sobre a micoflora e a fisiologia de sementes de Pterogyne nitens. Os seguintes tratamentos fitossanitarios foram avaliados: testemunha (sementes nao tratadas); fungicida Captan® (240 g/100 kg), e extratos de melao-de-sao-caetano e alamanda nas concentracoes de 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm. No teste de germinacao, avaliaram-se a porcentagem de germinacao, a primeira contagem e o indice de velocidade de germinacao (IVG). Os extratos vegetais de melao-de-sao-caetano e alamanda reduziram a incidencia de fungos e aumentaram o percentual de germinacao das sementes de P. nitens.
Padrões espaciais de Qualea grandiflora Mart. em fragmentos de cerrado no estado de São Paulo

The study of spatial patterns is a helpful approach to formulating hypotheses about plant population dynamics. Our aim was to search for variation in spatial patterns of Q. grandiflora height classes at different scales within and among fragments of different cerrado physiognomies. Spatial patterns of the number of plants in subplots (5 x 5 m) were described and compared among six 0.5-ha plots placed in four fragments. We performed Moran's I correlogram analysis to describe spatial patterns and tested spatial correlations of height classes by partial Mantel tests. We found 18 to 319 plants 0.5 ha-1. Larger plants (height >1.5 m) had a clumped pattern in all plots, varying in numbers and magnitudes of scales independently of the physiognomy. Correlogram analysis for smaller plants was possible in only three plots, where patterns were random. In two of these cases there was significant positive correlation of size classes but in the third it was not significant. Abundance and spatial patterns were as different within the same fragment as in different ones. These results show that Q. grandiflora spatial patterns cannot be predicted based on overall characteristics of cerrado physiognomy. The random-to-clumped transition with size and the spatial association of classes suggest that density dependent mortality does not seem to be an important driver of Q. grandiflora dynamics, and that spatial structure of suitable sites for recruitment to maturity may be more important.
Taxes, Revenues and Capital Expenditure as Determinants of Financial Sufficiency of Regional Government

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the influence of regional taxes and other legitimate regional revenues for regional financial sufficiency in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: The research data was involved a sample of 27 districts/cities in Central Java, Indonesia. The sampling methodology used in this study is a purposive method. The hypothesis testind is based on Structural Equation Modeling through path analysis with the AMOS V. 22. Findings: Regional taxes directly have a significant and positive effect on regional sufficiency, while other regional revenues directly influence significantly but negatively regional sufficiency. Special allocation of funds do not directly affect regional sufficiency. Indirect effect by using analysis on mediating effect of capital expenditure revealed that taxes, revenues, and special allocation funds revealed that capital expenditure is not able to have significant effect on the relationship between taxes, revenues, and funds to financial sufficiency. Practical implications: The findings imply to local governments to further increase the utilization of existing resources in order to increase revenues which in turn, can increase the level of regional financial sufficiency. Originality/value: The study originally examines the effect of special allocation funds with the realization of capital expenditure as a mediator.
Extractable age pigment-like autofluorescence and its relationship to growth and age in the water-flea Daphnia carinata king (Crustacea: Cladocera)

Autofluorescent materials in the tissues of laboratory-reared Daphnia carinata were examined with the aim of elucidating possible age-dependent accumulations of the type suggested in previous literature. A diverse array of fluorophores was revealed with live animal and tissue section fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorimetry of solvent extracts. Chloroform-soluble fluorescence with chemical and spectral properties similar to those of extractable age pigments was found. From proton magnetic resonance and FAB mass spectra of chromatographic fractions, this fluorescence appeared to be derived from phospholipid material. The effects of metal chelation and pH on this fluorescence were consistent with the presence of Schiff-base fluorophores as found in age pigments, but tissue fluorescence levels were growth-dependent rather than age-dependent. Absolute fluorescence intensity was most strongly correlated with body weight, the latter being closely associated with the reproductive status of the animal rather than its age. Weight-specific fluorescence covaried inversely with age and body weight. A substantial proportion of this fluorescence was derived from the frequently shed cuticle. The levels of this extractable fluorescence in crustacean tissue cannot be assumed to reflect age as has been suggested in previous literature. Implications for crustacean age pigment studies are discussed.
Factors influencing the rooting of Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) cherry rootstock hardwood cuttings

In this study, the effect of double splitting, cooling in pre-storage, collection date, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) dipping of shoot tip and base, gibberellic acid (GA3), Agrobacterium radiobacter and A. rhizogenes on the callusing and rooting of Gisela 5 cherry rootstock hardwood cuttings was investigated. Double splitting and bacteria did not affect the callusing and rooting of cuttings. The callusing and rooting of cuttings kept at 0–3°C for 15 days or more were significantly reduced. The callusing and rooting percentages were highest when only the base of cuttings was treated with 1000 mg/L IBA solution. The rooting percentage of cuttings increased when 10–20 mg/L GA3 was applied the same day cuttings were placed on a bottom heat bench. The results showed that the best periods to collect Gisela 5 hardwood cuttings were the later half of November and early March. No correlation between the collection date and starch content, and the starch content and the callusing and rooting of Gisela 5 hardwood cuttings was found.