Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost Study of a Cluster Randomized Trial on a Clinical Decision Rule Guiding Antibiotic Treatment in Children With Suspected Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in the Emergency Department.

BACKGROUND Children with fever and respiratory symptoms represent a large patient group at the emergency department (ED). A decision rule-based treatment strategy improved targeting of antibiotics in these children in a recent clinical trial. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the decision rule on healthcare and societal costs, and to describe costs of children with suspected lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in the ED in general. METHODS In a stepped-wedge, cluster randomized trial, we collected cost data of children 1 month to 5 years of age with fever and cough/dyspnea in 8 EDs in The Netherlands (2016-2018). We calculated medical costs and societal costs per patient, during usual care (n = 597), and when antibiotic prescription was guided by the decision rule (n = 402). We calculated cost-of-illness of this patient group and estimated their annual costs at national level. RESULTS The cost-of-illness of children under 5 years with suspected lower RTIs in the ED was on average &OV0556;2130 per patient. At population level this is &OV0556;15 million per year in The Netherlands (&OV0556;1.7 million/100,000 children under 5). Mean costs per patient in usual care (&OV0556;2300) were reduced to &OV0556;1870 in the intervention phase (P = 0.01). Main cost drivers were hospitalization and lost parental workdays. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a decision rule-based treatment strategy in children with suspected lower RTI was cost-saving, due to a reduction in hospitalization and parental absenteeism. Given the high frequency of this disease in children, the decision rule has the potential to result in a considerable cost reduction at population level.
Evaluating Response of Mass-Reared and Irradiated Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to Crude Female Pheromone Extract

Simple Summary The navel orangeworm is an important pest of almonds and pistachios in California. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is being explored as an additional component of management of this pest. Preliminary field releases of sterile navel orangeworm shipped from a facility in Phoenix, AZ resulted in poor recovery of males in pheromone traps, raising concerns about the mass-reared male moths’ quality. In this study, a wind tunnel was used to evaluate the response of irradiated and non-irradiated mass-reared navel orangeworm males to pheromone extract from females, and their performance was compared to two strains of locally reared non-irradiated navel orangeworm. Initial responses were similar for all moths tested. A lower proportion of mass-reared moths contacted the pheromone source. The underlying mechanism for this reduction remains unclear, but is likely related to damage incurred during the mass-rearing and shipping process. Our findings indicate navel orangeworm in the current program is generally competent to locate a sex pheromone source, but the rearing and transportation protocols may need refining. Abstract The navel orangeworm, Amyleois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a key pest of almonds and pistachios in California. Larvae directly feed on nuts, reducing quality and yield, and adults can introduce fungi that produce aflatoxins. The development of sterile insect technique (SIT) is currently being explored as a management tool for this pest. Large quantities of A. transitella are mass-reared, irradiated, and shipped to California from a USDA APHIS facility in Phoenix, AZ. Preliminary field releases of sterile A. transitella from this facility resulted in poor recovery of males in pheromone traps, raising concerns that mass-reared male A. transitella may not be responding to pheromone from virgin females. In this study, a wind tunnel was used to evaluate the response of both irradiated and non-irradiated mass-reared A. transitella males to crude pheromone extract from females, and their performance was compared to two strains of locally reared non-irradiated A. transitella. While initial responses associated with pheromone detection where similar between mass-reared and locally reared moths, a lower proportion of the mass-reared moths ultimately made contact with the pheromone source. Surprisingly, the addition of irradiation did not further decrease their performance. While mass-reared moths respond to pheromone, their ability to locate and make contact with the pheromone source appears to be impeded. The underlying mechanism remains unclear, but is likely related to damage incurred during the mass-rearing and shipping process.
Strabismus prevalence and associated factors among pediatric patients in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Objective To assess the strabismus prevalence and associated factors among children aged ≤15 years. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2017 to October 2017 in the Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect relevant data and clinical examinations were performed for patient diagnosis. Results Overall, 582 children participated in the study (response rate, 97%). The prevalence of childhood strabismus was 17.9% [95% confidence interval: 14.6–21.1]. Additionally, 9.6%, 16.7%, and 9.6% of the children had anisometropia, amblyopia, and dense cataract, respectively. Among the 16.7% of children with amblyopia, 56.7% had strabismus; among the 22.5% of children with clinically significant refractive error, 52.7% had strabismus. Moreover, among the 9.6% of children with anisometropia, 58.9% had strabismus. The presence of amblyopia (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 3.9, 1.7–8.6), age <5 years (13.5 [5.0–36.1]), age 5 to 10 years (6.1 [2.3–16.3]), and clinically significant refractive error (13.3 [5.8–30.6]) were significantly associated with childhood strabismus. Conclusions The prevalence of strabismus was relatively high among patients in this study. Early screening for childhood strabismus is essential. A well-controlled community-based study is needed to confirm strabismus prevalence and predictors.
Is Hospital Occupancy Rate Associated With Postoperative Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Hepatopancreatic Surgery?

Objective: To define the association between hospital occupancy rate and postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing hepatopancreatic (HP) resection. Summary Background Data: Previous studies have sought to identify hospital-level characteristics associated with optimal surgical outcomes and decreased expenditures. The present study utilized a novel hospital quality metric coined “occupancy rate” based on publicly available data to assess differences in postoperative outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing HP procedures. Methods: Medicare beneficiaries who underwent an elective HP surgery between 2013 and 2017 were identified. Occupancy rate was calculated and hospitals were categorized into quartiles. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to assess the association between occupancy rate and clinical outcomes. Results: Among 33,866 patients, the majority underwent a pancreatic resection (58.5%; n = 19,827), were male (88.4%; n = 7,488), or white (88.4%; n = 29,950); median age was 72 years [interquartile range (IQR): 68–77] and median Charleston Comorbidity Index was 3 (IQR 2–8). Hospitals were categorized into quartiles based on hospital occupancy rate (cutoffs: 48.1%, 59.4%, 68.2%). Most patients underwent an HP operation at a hospital with an above average occupancy rate (n = 20,865, 61.6%), whereas only a small subset of patients had an HP procedure at a low occupancy rate hospital (n = 1,218, 3.6%). On multivariable analysis, low hospital occupancy rate was associated with increased odds of a complication [(OR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.55) and 30-day mortality (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.27–1.97). Even among only high-volume HP hospitals, patients operated on at hospitals that had a low occupancy rate were at markedly higher risk of complications (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03–1.97), as well as 30 day morality (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.27–3.83). Conclusions: Among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing an elective HP resection, more than 1 in 4 hospitals performing HP surgeries utilized less than half of their beds on average. There was a monotonic relationship between hospital occupancy rate and the odds ofexperiencing a complication, as well as 30-day mortality, independent of other hospital level characteristics including procedural volume.
Sensitivity to Central Crowding for Faces in Patients with Glaucoma.

PRECIS Some patients with glaucoma report difficulties to recognize faces when they are far away. We show that this deficit could result from a higher sensitivity to crowding in central vision. PURPOSE to investigate whether face recognition difficulties reported by some patients with glaucoma result from a greater sensitivity to inner crowding in central vision. METHOD Seventeen patients with glaucoma and 17 age-matched normally sighted controls participated. An isolated mouth (uncrowded condition) or a mouth within a face (crowded condition) was randomly displayed centrally for 200 ms. For each condition, participants were asked to decide whether the mouth was closed or open. The stimuli were presented at three angular sizes (0.6°×0.4°, 1°×0.72°, and 1.5°×1.08°). Accuracy was measured. RESULTS Crowding affected performance differentially for patients and controls. Consistent with previous studies controls exhibited a "face superiority effect", with a better accuracy when the mouth was located within the face than when it was isolated . A sensitivity to crowding, reflected in a better accuracy with the isolated mouth, was observed in 10 out of 17 patients only for small images. Crowding disappeared for larger faces, as the facial features were spaced out. Five patients were not sensitive to crowding. Importantly, no difference was found between the two subgroups of patients (sensitive vs. non sensitive) in terms of Mean Deviation, contrast sensitivity, acuity, thickness of the RNLF or macular GCIPL. CONCLUSION An excessive sensitivity to central crowding might explain the difficulties in face perception and reading reported by some patients with glaucoma. The sensory or cognitive processes underlying this excessive sensitivity must be elucidated to improve central perception in glaucoma.
Dispersal patterns of meiospores shape population spatial structure of saxicolous lichens

Abstract Relationships between reproductive strategies and population spatial structure have often been suggested for lichens, but there is a lack of supporting aerobiological data. For the first time, this study couples aerobiological investigations on meiospore dispersal by Caloplaca crenulatella (Nyl.) H. Olivier and Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. with analysis of local spatial patterns of thalli of both species. During a two-year monitoring period carried out on the walls of a medieval castle in NW Italy, a total of 169 polar diblastic spores, 20% of which were morphologically attributable to C. crenulatella, was detected in the mycoareosol, while muriform spores of R. geographicum were never found. Laboratory experiments confirmed that different dispersal patterns characterize the two species, the meiospores of R. geographicum being poorly discharged and only recovered at a short distance from thalli, whereas those of C. crenulatella were more abundantly discharged, suspended and better dispersed by a moderate air flow. This difference was reflected on the castle walls by the random spatial pattern of C. crenulatella, while R. geographicum showed a clustered distribution. Different discharge rates and take-off limitations, possibly related to size differences between the spores, are not sufficient to explain the different colonization patterns and dynamics of the two species. Additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors are likely to drive their dispersal and establishment success. Nevertheless, information on the relationships between different dispersal patterns of the species and the local spatial structure of their populations might help to predict the recovery potential of lichen species exposed to habitat loss or disturbance, or encrusting monument surfaces.
The Hydric Environment: A Hub for Clinically Relevant Carbapenemase Encoding Genes

Carbapenems are β-lactams antimicrobials presenting a broad activity spectrum and are considered as last-resort antibiotic. Since the 2000s, carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have emerged and are been quickly globally spreading. The global dissemination of carbapenemase encoding genes (CEG) within clinical relevant bacteria is attributed in part to its location onto mobile genetic elements. During the last decade, carbapenemase producing bacteria have been isolated from non-human sources including the aquatic environment. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly impacted by anthropic activities, which conduce to a bidirectional exchange between aquatic environments and human beings and therefore the aquatic environment may constitute a hub for CPE and CEG. More recently, the isolation of autochtonous aquatic bacteria carrying acquired CEG have been reported and suggest that CEG exchange by horizontal gene transfer occurred between allochtonous and autochtonous bacteria. Hence, aquatic environment plays a central role in persistence, dissemination and emergence of CEG both within environmental ecosystem and human beings, and deserves to be studied with particular attention.
Orientation of Aphidius gifuensis Ashemed to Tobacco and Prey Combination Affected by Insecticides

The orientation of Aphidius gifuensis Ashemed to tobacco and prey combinations affected by insecticides was investigated with Y-tube olfactometer.The results showed that normal tobacco leaves did not produce plant volatiles attractive to A.gifuensis,while after being injured by Myzus persicae,they produced herbivore-induced volatiles attractive to A.gifuensis. Compared to the control,the four tested insecticides obviously affected the foraging behavior of A.gifuensis. 20% confidor EC,3% acetaniprid EC and omethoate 40% EC could inhibit,while cypermethrin obviously benefited the searching behavior of A.gifuensis.
Domestic and international migration intentions in response to environmental stress: A global cross-country analysis

Abstract In light of increasing environmental stress and its likely implications for migration patterns, we conduct a cross-country individual-level analysis of the impact of self-reported exposure to environmental stress on people's migration intentions and their destination choice. We simultaneously model intentions to migrate domestically and internationally for 90 countries worldwide in 2010. We find that self-reported exposure to environmental stress increases the probability to intend to migrate both domestically and internationally in the coming year. In absolute terms, the largest impact is obtained for domestic migration, but controlling for the fact that this is the most common form of migration anyway, environmental stress particularly raises intraregional migration intentions. Overall, the effects on migration intentions to the different destinations are strongest in low- and middle-income countries in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean, while in high-income countries, and in Europe particularly, environmental stress appears to spur only domestic migration intentions.
Does the law of one price hold in 82 Indonesian cities? Evidence from club convergence approach

This study re-examines regional price convergence across 82 cities in Indonesia. We implement club convergence analysis developed by Phillips and Sul (2007, 2009) on monthly aggregate consumer price data and its components from January 2014 to December 2019. We do not find evidence of overall convergence in aggregate consumer price data. Instead, we identify four club convergence. Using disaggregated data, four new outcomes arise; first, none of the consumer price components show overall convergence but multiple club convergence do exist, second, there is variability in the number and composition of clubs among consumer price components, third, the price of foodstuffs and education-related commodities in most cities converge to the higher level, and fourth, the formation of club convergence in aggregate price is attributed largely by housing, processed foods, transport, and health components. Policy insights include improving market efficiency and controlling the inflation rate in targeted consumer price components and locations.
VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS AND HYDROGEN-BONDING EFFECTS ON THE VIBRATIONAL MODES OF ZWITTERIONIC DL-TRYPTOPHAN: IR SPECTROSCOPY AND DFT CALCULATIONS

The vibrational behavior of zwitterionic DL-tryptophan has been investigated using infra-red spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. In order to study the hydrogen bonding effects on the molecular structure and vibrational normal modes of the under-investigated amino acid, both the solid state and aqueous solution calculations have been presented. The three dimensional molecular structure optimized by the solid state calculations shows the best agreement with that previously published using X-Ray diffraction technique. In addition, the calculated and experimentally observed wavenumbers have been compared. However, only the calculations performed in the solid state allowed us to attribute the band observed at around 2532 cm to the N-H stretching vibration. Because some normal modes are strongly affected by the extensive hydrogen bonding network present in DL-tryptophan crystal, the solid state model is the most suitable for interpreting the experimental infra-red spectrum.
Lightning Variability in Dynamically Downscaled Simulations of Alaska’s Present and Future Summer Climate

Lightning is a key driver of wildfire activity in Alaska. Quantifying its historical variability and trends has been challenging because of changes in the observational network, but understanding historical and possible future changes in lightning activity is important for fire management planning. Dynamically downscaled reanalysis and global climate model (GCM) data were used to statistically assess lightning data in geographic zones used operationally by fire managers across Alaska. Convective precipitation was found to be a key predictor of weekly lightning activity through multiple regression analysis, along with additional atmospheric stability, moisture, and temperature predictor variables. Model-derived estimates of historical June–July lightning since 1979 showed increasing but lower-magnitude trends than the observed record, derived from the highly heterogeneous lightning sensor network, over the same period throughout interior Alaska. Two downscaled GCM projections estimate a doubling of lightning activity over the same June–July season and geographic region by the end of the twenty-first century. Such a substantial increase in lightning activity may have significant impacts on future wildfire activity in Alaska because of increased opportunities for ignitions, although the final outcome also depends on fire weather conditions and fuels.
Image‐Driven Furniture Style for Interactive 3D Scene Modeling

Creating realistic styled spaces is a complex task, which involves design know‐how for what furniture pieces go well together. Interior style follows abstract rules involving color, geometry and other visual elements. Following such rules, users manually select similar‐style items from large repositories of 3D furniture models, a process which is both laborious and time‐consuming. We propose a method for fast‐tracking style‐similarity tasks, by learning a furniture's style‐compatibility from interior scene images. Such images contain more style information than images depicting single furniture. To understand style, we train a deep learning network on a classification task. Based on image embeddings extracted from our network, we measure stylistic compatibility of furniture. We demonstrate our method with several 3D model style‐compatibility results, and with an interactive system for modeling style‐consistent scenes.
Fast Outflows in Hot Dust-obscured Galaxies Detected with Keck/NIRES

We present rest-frame optical spectroscopic observations of 24 Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies (Hot DOGs) at redshifts 1.7–4.6 with KECK/NIRES. Our targets are selected, based on their extreme red colors, to be the highest-luminosity sources from the WISE infrared survey. In 20 sources with well-detected emission, we fit the key [O iii], Hβ, Hα, [N ii], and [S ii] diagnostic lines to constrain physical conditions. Of the 17 targets with a clear detection of the [O iii]λ5007 Å emission line, 15 display broad blueshifted and asymmetric line profiles, with widths ranging from 1000 to 8000 km s−1 and blueshifts up to 3000 km s−1. These kinematics provide strong evidence for the presence of massive ionized outflows of up to , with a median of . As many as eight sources show optical emission line ratios consistent with vigorous star formation. Balmer-line star formation rates, uncorrected for reddening, range from 30 to 1300 , with a median of . Estimates of the SFR from Spectral Energy Distribution fitting of mid- and far-infrared photometry suggest significantly higher values. We estimate the central black hole masses to be of order , assuming the present-day relation. The bolometric luminosities and the estimated masses of the central black holes of these galaxies suggest that many of the active galactic nucleus-dominated Hot DOGs are accreting at or above their Eddington limit. The combination of ongoing star formation, massive outflows, and high Eddington ratios suggest Hot DOGs are a transitional phase in galaxy evolution.
Learning to Guide Local Feature Matches

We tackle the problem of finding accurate and robust keypoint correspondences between images. We propose a learning-based approach to guide local feature matches via a learned approximate image matching. Our approach can boost the results of SIFT to a level similar to state-of-the-art deep descriptors, such as Superpoint, ContextDesc, or D2-Net and can improve performance for these descriptors. We introduce and study different levels of supervision to learn coarse correspondences. In particular, we show that weak supervision from epipolar geometry leads to performances higher than the stronger but more biased point level supervision and is a clear improvement over weak image level supervision. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach in a variety of conditions by evaluating our guided keypoint correspondences for localization of internet images on the YFCC100M dataset and indoor images on the SUN3D dataset, for robust localization on the Aachen day-night benchmark and for 3D reconstruction in challenging conditions using the LTLL historical image data.
Classifying Syntactic Errors in Learner Language

We present a method for classifying syntactic errors in learner language, namely errors whose correction alters the morphosyntactic structure of a sentence. The methodology builds on the established Universal Dependencies syntactic representation scheme, and provides complementary information to other error-classification systems. Unlike existing error classification methods, our method is applicable across languages, which we showcase by producing a detailed picture of syntactic errors in learner English and learner Russian. We further demonstrate the utility of the methodology for analyzing the outputs of leading Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) systems.