Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Policy Neglect:The True Challenge to the Nonprofit Sector

Abstract The relationship between many governments and the nonprofit sector as well as organized civil society more generally has become more complex, laden with often hidden tensions. In some cases, state–nonprofit sector relationships have deteriorated, which has led experts and activists to speak of a “shrinking space” for civil society. However, this diagnosis applies mostly to illiberal and autocratic countries. More widespread is a stagnation in state — nonprofit sector relations that seems indicative of a longstanding policy neglect, which we see as the true challenge to the future of the nonprofit sector. In response, we argue for more proactive policy stances along with a differentiated model for regulatory frameworks on the basis of functional roles.
Materials characterization of advanced fillers for composites engineering applications

Abstract Four different minerals were investigated; hollow spheres of calcium carbonate, platy mica, needle like wollastonite and glassy perlite and characterized via iGC for surface energy, Freeman powder rheology for flow characterization, cyclic uniaxial die compaction for modulus of elasticity and frequency dependent sound absorption properties. Particle surface energy and particle shape strongly affected the packing density of powder beds. In the case of higher porosity and thus lower bulk density, the powders acoustic absorption was higher in comparison with higher packing density materials. Surface energy profiles and surface energy distributions revealed clear convergence with powder rheology data, where the character of the powder flow at defined consolidation stresses was mirroring either the high cohesion powders properties connected with the high surface energy or powder free flowing characteristics, as reflected in low cohesion of the powder matrix.
EMANUELE BACCHIOCCHI ANDREA BASTIANIN ALESSANDRO MISSALE EDUARDO ROSSI

In this paper we study how monetary policy, economic uncertainty and economic policy uncertainty impact on the dynamics of gross capital inflows in the US. Particular attention is paid to the mixed frequency-nature of the economic time series involved in the analysis. A MIDAS-SVAR model is presented and estimated over the period 1988-2013. While no relation is found when using standard quarterly data, exploiting the variability present in the series within the quarter shows that the e↵ect of a monetary policy shock is greater the longer the time lag between the month of the shock and the end of the quarter. In general, the e↵ect of economic and policy uncertainty on US capital inflows are negative and significant. Finally, the e↵ect of the three shocks is di↵erent when distinguishing between financial and bank capital inflows from one side, and FDI from the other.
Trap-nesting Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Orchards of Acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in a Semiarid Region of Brazil

The present work examines the richness, abundance of nests, and annual activity of bee species nesting in trap-nests at acerola orchards in a semiarid region near Feira de Santana, Bahia State, Brazil. Collections using trap-nests were made in three orchards, between October 2008 and September 2009. Centris analis Fabricius, Centris tarsata Smith and Tetrapedia diversipes Klug used the trap-nests. Two-hundred and fifty four nests were obtained, mostly made by C. analis (n=213). All three species used the 5 and the 10 cm long trap-nest tubes and nesting was more frequent in the largest (n=189) than in the smaller (n=65) tubes. Most nesting activities occurred from December 2008 through April 2009. C. analis is considered to have significant potential for the management of pollination in acerola orchards of the semiarid region in Bahia State, due to the high abundance of its nests.
Coherent states, 6j symbols and properties of the next to leading order asymptotic expansions

We present the first complete derivation of the well-known asymptotic expansion of the SU(2) 6j symbol using a coherent state approach, in particular we succeed in computing the determinant of the Hessian matrix. To do so, we smear the coherent states and perform a partial stationary point analysis with respect to the smearing parameters. This allows us to transform the variables from group elements to dihedral angles of a tetrahedron resulting in an effective action, which coincides with the action of first order Regge calculus associated to a tetrahedron. To perform the remaining stationary point analysis, we compute its Hessian matrix and obtain the correct measure factor. Furthermore, we expand the discussion of the asymptotic formula to next to leading order terms, prove some of their properties and derive a recursion relation for the full 6j symbol.
Size distributions of elemental carbon and its contribution to light extinction in urban and rural locations in the pearl river delta region, China

Elemental carbon (EC) in size-segregated aerosol samples were determined at five urban, one suburban, and one rural locations in the Pearl River Delta region in South China during 2006–2008 period. The size modal characteristics of EC were different at the urban and suburban/rural locations. The urban EC had a dominant condensation mode with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) in the 0.36–0.43 μm range and a slightly less abundant mode in the droplet mode size (MMAD: 0.8–1.1 μm), while the suburban/rural EC had a prominent mode in the droplet mode size (MMAD: 0.7–1.1 μm) and a minor condensation mode (MMAD: 0.22–0.33 μm). Calculations using Mie theory and the measured size distributions of EC, organic carbon, and major inorganic ions indicate that EC-containing particles contributed 76±20% of the observed light extinction at the urban sites. Among the EC-containing particles, EC mass alone contributed 21 ±11% of the observed light extinction while non-EC materials on the EC particles (i.e., organic matter, ammonium sulfate, and water) contributed 55 ±1 %. At the suburban/rural locations, EC-containing particles contributed 37–48% of the measured light extinction, with EC mass contributing 4–10% and non-EC coating materials contributing the remaining light extinction. Our results suggest that EC-containing particles were important to the overall light extinction in the urban atmospheres due to their more abundant presence from vehicular emissions. The ECcontaining particles in the suburban/rural locations had a reduced but still significant contribution to light extinction budget. Correspondence to: J. Z. Yu (chjianyu@ust.hk)
Tailgut Cysts with Malignant Transformation: Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment

A tailgut cyst is a type of benign congenital disease that mainly develops in the retro-rectal space. However, malignant transition can occur in some cases of tailgut cysts. Early and precise diagnosis, and proper treatment, are vital for patients with tailgut cysts with malignant transformation. In this review, we aim to summarize the similarities and differences in the diagnosis and treatment methods among the 3 most frequently reported types of tailgut cysts with malignant transformation. In our study, PubMed and Web of Science databases were used to search for the studies and the key words were “tailgut cysts” and “malignancy”. We found 176 articles and selected 75 articles in our survey, with 9 reviews, 35 case reports, and 31 case reports and reviews.
Associations of Pathogenic Variants in MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 With Risk of Colorectal Adenomas and Tumors and With Somatic Mutations in Patients With Lynch Syndrome.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Lynch syndrome is caused by variants in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes and associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). In patients with Lynch syndrome, CRCs can develop via different pathways. We studied associations between Lynch syndrome-associated variants in MMR genes and risks of adenoma and CRC and somatic mutations in APC and CTNNB1 in tumors in an international cohort of patients. METHODS We combined clinical and molecular data from 3 studies. We obtained clinical data from 2747 patients with Lynch syndrome associated with variants in MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6 from Germany, the Netherlands, and Finland who received at least 2 surveillance colonoscopies and were followed for a median time of 7.8 years for development of adenomas or CRC. We performed DNA sequence analyses of 48 colorectal tumors (from 16 patients with mutations in MLH1, 29 patients with mutations in MSH2, and 3 with mutations in MSH6) for somatic mutations in APC and CTNNB1. RESULTS Risk of advanced adenoma in 10 y was 17.8% in patients with pathogenic variants in MSH2 vs 7.7% in MLH1 (P<.001). Higher proportions of patients with pathogenic variants in MLH1 or MSH2 developed CRC in 10 y (11.3% and 11.4%) than patients with pathogenic variants in MSH6 (4.7%) (P=.001 and P=.003 for MLH1 and MSH2 vs MSH6, respectively). Somatic mutations in APC were found in 75% of tumors from patients with pathogenic variants in MSH2 vs 11% in MLH1 (P=.015). Somatic mutations in CTNNB1 were found in 50% of tumors from patients with pathogenic variants in MLH1 vs 7% in MSH2 (P=.002). None of the 3 tumors with pathogenic variants in MSH6 had a mutation in CTNNB1, but all had mutations in APC. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of clinical and DNA sequence data from patients with Lynch syndrome from 3 countries, we associated pathogenic variants in MMR genes with risk of adenoma and CRC, and somatic mutations in APC and CTNNB1 in colorectal tumors. If these findings are confirmed, surveillance guidelines might be adjusted based on MMR gene variants.
Addressing High School Dropouts with a Scalable Intervention: The Case of Poder

Working with the Mexican Ministry of Education, this study piloted a scalable program to reduce high school dropout rates by focusing on socio-emotional skill development and mathematics tutoring. The intervention was evaluated through a randomized field experiment with more than 5,000 youths at 20 upper secondary schools in Mexico City. An intention-to-treat analysis finds some evidence that exposure to the Opportunities and Development to Avoid Risks Program increases socio-emotional skills, but no evidence that it improves math outcomes or future attendance. Likely explanations for these null results include low take-up and other process factors, which are document qualitatively, as well as heterogeneous treatment effects. In particular, an inverse-probability-weighted matching model is suggestive of an effect whereby some students participate actively in the program and drop out of school less often, while other students choose not to participate when given the option and actually drop out more as a result.
EXCITATION MECHANISM OF THE ENERGETIC PARTICLE DRIVEN RESISTIVE INTERCHANGE MODE AND STRATEGY TO CONTROL THE MODE IN LARGE HELICAL DEVICE

The helically-trapped energetic-particle (EP) driven resistive interchange mode (EIC) observed in the LHD causes large amount loss of EPs. It is destabilized when the precession motion of the helically trapped EP resonates with the pressure driven interchange mode. A velocity modulation caused by the toroidicity of the magnetic field produces this resonance. Strategy and the initial results to suppress the EIC mode based on the knowledge of the EP-MHD resonance effects, by the ECW heating method and by the RMP application, are presented
WIDER Working Paper 2018/154: Individual-level employment transitions in rural Vietnam

Structural transformation in rural areas is a key issue in economic development. While much of the literature on structural transformation has so far focussed on householdor commune levels or even higher aggregate levels, little is known about the individual member level. The paper aims at examining factors that affect the individual-level employment rural transitions in Vietnam, namely: (1) non-transient farm; (2) positive transient farm; (3) out-of-wage transition; (4) transitory farm-household work; and (5) transitory wage-household work. By taking advantage of the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey (VARHS) with data on 2,699 individuals for two years, 2008 and 2016, we find that individual-level human capital and social capital are important factors affecting employment transition status in the rural area. In addition, changes in individual and household characteristics and socio-economic conditions at commune level are important to influence various types of employment transitions. These results have implications for the development policy on rural transition in developing countries, highlighting the importance of recognizing the positive aspects of changes in individual-, household-, and commune-levels for rural transformation. Promotion of education attainment is necessary at both individualand household-level to spur the transition out of farming. Broadened policy mechanisms which support and encourage non-farm employment at the household level are also needed. Likewise, development initiatives that focus on increasing the human and social assets of the individual farmers and farming households are more likely to be successful in supporting livelihood diversification and reducing vulnerability.
RURAL HOUSEHOLDS’ PERCEPTION OF SOLAR ENERGY AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Electrical energy is important for sustainable livelihood within rural households of Nigeria. Inconsistent and lack of electricity supply from the national grid is problematic. This study investigated rural households’ perception of solar energy as an alternative source of electrical energy in Oyo State. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 130 rural households. Data were collected using structured interview schedule and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority (68.8%) of the respondents were male and 66.7% earned less than N20,000 in a month. Majority (67.2%) were connected to the national electricity grid (PHCN) with average electricity supply of 4 hours in 3 days per week. Most households spent N13,163.40 per month in fuelling their generators. The major household appliances respondents were willing to power with solar energy were light bulbs (95.2%), television (92.0%), charging of phone (87.2%), standing fan (66.4%), rechargeable lamp (60.0%), radio (55.2%), and DVD (52.9%) for 6-12 hours per day. Majority (52.8%) had an unfavourable perception towards use of solar energy as an alternative source of household electrical energy. There were significant relationships between respondents’ monthly income (r=0.269, p=0.002), religion ( =0.244, p=0.019), education ( =0.238, p=0.050) and perception toward the use of solar energy as an alternative source of household electrical energy. It was concluded that the respondents in the study area had an unfavourable perception towards solar energy as an alternative source of household electrical energy, therefore, rural households’ should be enlightened about solar energy.
20th IAHR International Symposium on Ice

This paper reports on the results of a medium-scale experiment regarding the impact applied by ice floes against a pile structure using free-falling ice floes with a length of 0.3 to1.2m and a thickness of 0.15m under various conditions as a follow-on from our previous experiment and numerical simulation using the 3-D discrete element method (DEM). When ice causes brittle failure/splitting, and fragments move freely after impact with a structure (especially when the ice floe is large compared to the structure), the impact load or the impulse was small compared to cases without failure, and was presumed to become a constant value regardless of the level of the kinetic energy or the momentum. We also developed a fundamental numerical method to simulate the impact of ice on a structure. In this method, DEM with tension resistance among particles and FEM were applied to sea ice and a structure respectively. The simulation results showed a close correlation with the experimental outcome in terms of the time-series change of impact loads, the dynamic failure processes of the ice floe and the response of the structure to impact. The calculated results also agreed well with the trends of the experimental results in this study, such as the relationship between the kinetic energy and the ice load.
Do women want to work more or more regularly? Evidence from a natural experiment

This paper provides causal evidence that women’s quest for temporal flexibility is especially costly in high-skilled occupations. Since 1972, French children had no school on Wednesday. In 2013, a reform reallocated some classes to Wednesday morning. Exploiting variation in the implementation of this reform over time and across the age of the youngest child, we show that, once institutional constraints are relaxed, mothers are more likely to work full-time and on Wednesday. By signaling their availability to work long and regular hours, high-skilled mothers also experience an increase in hourly wages corresponding to 30% of the pre-reform gap with the control group. JEL codes: H52, J13, J16, J22.
Situation Entity Types: a Cross-linguistic Corpus Study and a Comparison of Automatic Classifiers

Smith (2003) in her theory suggests that discourse modes, which are different types of text passages, have distinct linguistic characteristic features. One of these is the situation entity type predominant in each mode. Situation entities are the states, events, general statives and abstract entities that are introduced into the discourse by clauses. Extending the work of Friedrich and Palmer (2014b), we adjust an existing English annotation scheme for use on German data and create the first parallel English-German corpus annotated with situation entities. Our aim is to find out whether situation entity types correlate cross-linguistically. To this end we conduct a corpus-based study using parallel aligned English-German texts. Similarities and differences between aligned clauses are analyzed and it is found that situation entities mostly correspond across the two languages and most mismatches are systematic. As a next step, we create the first computational model for situation entity type classification for German. In addition, we build an English classifier based on the work of Palmer et al. (2007) for the sake of comparison. We use five different simple feature sets consisting of part-of-speech, word and lemma information as well as combinations of POS tags with words and lemmata, and we achieve an absolute accuracy gain of up to 12.6% and 14% against a majority class baseline for English and German, respectively. Finally, we explore the potential of the domain adaptation approach of Daumé III (2007) by exploiting additional annotated English data for training and provide a baseline for future work using this approach. Eidesstattliche Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbstständig verfasst und keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel verwendet habe.
Discovery of an Unexplained Long-distance Effect Caused by the Association between a Pyramidal Structure and Human Unconsciousness

Since April 2009 we have been conducting research on non-contact effects associated with a pyramidal structure (PS). In our previous studies, a person entered and meditated inside the PS. Then, we detected the effects the person had on biosensors (cucumber fruit sections) placed at the PS apex. We have obtained the following results. (1) The non-contact effect on the biosensors was detected with high statistical accuracy (p = 3.1×10-10; Welch's t-test, two-tails, the following p values are also the Welch's t-test values.). (2) The delayed anomalous non-contact effect associated with the PS was discovered (p = 3.5×10-6). (3) After meditation, the conditions for detecting the noncontact effect were specified (p = 2.2×10-4). In the present paper, our purpose was to clarify the existence of an unexplained long-distance effect for the biosensors placed at the PS apex several hours before a person entered the PS and to elucidate the effect characteristics. The following five points were clarified in the experiments. (1) Several hours before the person entered the PS and meditated, the unexplained long-distance effect on the biosensors was detected with high statistical accuracy (p = 1.1×10-3). (2) The unexplained long-distance effect was detected only in the biosensors placed at the PS apex and was not detected in the biosensors placed at the calibration control point (p = 2.8×10-5). (3) Several hours before the person meditated at another place not inside the PS, the unexplained longdistance effect on the biosensors was not detected (p = 4.1×10-2). (4) The unexplained long-distance effect seemed to have a different nature from the non-contact effect seen after the person exited the PS. (5) The unexplained longdistance effect could clearly be detected both before awakening (the sleep state) and after awakening (the awake state), but in the middle, at the time the person was waking up, the unexplained long-distance effect showed the minimum value (p = 3.7×10-3). In conclusion, we discovered the time change of the unexplained long-distance effect. That is, during the transition from the sleep state to the awake state, it showed a minimum value of zero at the time the person awakened and showed a downward convex quadratic function change.
OTT_A_224881 10827..10839

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China Background: Studies have revealed exosomes are implicated in tumor microenvironment and tumorigenesis. Emerging evidence suggests long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) possess pivotal roles in laryngeal cancer progression. For this study, we aimed to find out the mechanism of exosomes and lncRNA HOTAIR in laryngeal cancer. Methods: Laryngeal cancer cells-derived exosomes were initially extracted, separated and identified. Flow cytometry was applied to detect apoptosis to evaluate the effect of exosomes on cell radiosensitivity. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to verify the interactions among HOTAIR, microRNA (miR)-454-3p and E2F2. The gain-and-loss functions of HOTAIR or miR-4543p were carried out to explore their effects on TU212 and LLN cell viability, apoptosis and radiosensitivity. Levels of HOTAIR, miR-454-3p and E2F2 were detected after different treatments. An in vivo analysis was carried out in mice bearing laryngeal cancer xenografts. Results: Laryngeal cancer-derived exosomes reduced laryngeal cancer cell radiosensitivity. HOTAIR expression was increased after cells were treated with exosome, and HOTAIR overexpression reduced laryngeal cancer cell radiosensitivity. Besides, HOTAIR worked as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-454-3p to regulate E2F2 in laryngeal cancer cells. In vivo results were reproduced in in vivo studies, which demonstrated that HOTAIR knockdown reduced laryngeal cancer cell radiosensitivity by sponging miR-454-3p to silence E2F2. Conclusion: Exosome-mediated HOTAIR acts as a ceRNA of miR-545-3p to regulate E2F2, thereby negatively regulating the radiosensitivity of laryngeal cancer cells. This study may offer novel insight into laryngeal cancer treatment.