Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sm-Nd garnet ages for granulite and eclogite in the Breaksea Orthogneiss and widespread granulite facies metamorphism of the lower crust, Fiordland magmatic arc, New Zealand

Sm-Nd garnet and U-Pb zircon ages for eclogite and granulite from the Breaksea Orthogneiss provide a detailed chronology for pluton emplacement and subsequent thermal history of the lower arc crust exposed in Fiordland, New Zealand. The 147Sm-143Nd ages for ~1 cm garnet grains in eclogite yield a 108.2 ± 1.8 Ma (7 points) age and similar sized grains of garnet from granulite interlayered with eclogite yield a ca. 110.5 ± 1.6 Ma (8 points) age. Both samples retain sparse domains with older ages of 123–121 Ma. Distinct Ca, Lu, and Hf zoning in garnet indicate that eclogite and granulite cooled rapidly enough to negate significant diffusion. The Ca zoning is interpreted to indicate significant garnet recrystallization during the granulite facies event, ca. 110 Ma. The older garnet ages are indistinguishable from the oldest 206U/238Pb zircon ages, ca. 123 and 120 Ma, in granulite orthogneiss that yielded two age populations; these granulites have younger age populations of 111.1 ± 1.4 and 115.2 ± 1.3 Ma, respectively. Zircon from orthogneiss samples nearby yield single age populations indicating additional intrusions ca. 115 and late metamorphic zircon growth ca. 95 Ma. The zircon and garnet ages combined with pressure-temperaturetime paths document magma intrusion into the lowermost arc crust, near isothermal exhumation of Breaksea rocks at ~2.2 km/m.y. from ~65 km to 40–45 km depths, followed by continued high heat flow with granulite facies metamorphism. The latter high temperatures were synchronous with granulite facies metamorphism in the adjacent Malaspina pluton, indicating that high-temperature metamorphism affected >600 km2 of lower crust in the continental magmatic arc. The complex age results for U-Pb zircon and Sm-Nd garnet dating indicate the need for comprehensive data sets from multiple rocks for deciphering the intrusive and subsequent thermal history of the lower crust. The study detailed here clearly indicates that Sm-Nd garnet geochronology can provide useful ages for high-temperature rocks when large grains cool at rates of >10 °C/m.y. The geochronological results indicate that voluminous magmatism was closely followed by high-temperature metamorphism. This is a common phenomenon in the lower crust of magmatic arcs and a signature for high magmatic flux through the lower crust.
Nemotron-4 15B Technical Report

We introduce Nemotron-4 15B, a 15-billion-parameter large multilingual language model trained on 8 trillion text tokens. Nemotron-4 15B demonstrates strong performance when assessed on English, multilingual, and coding tasks: it outperforms all existing similarly-sized open models on 4 out of 7 downstream evaluation areas and achieves competitive performance to the leading open models in the remaining ones. Specifically, Nemotron-4 15B exhibits the best multilingual capabilities of all similarly-sized models, even outperforming models over four times larger and those explicitly specialized for multilingual tasks.
Fuzzy Classification Aggregation

We consider the problem where a set of individuals has to classify $m$ objects into $p$ categories and does so by aggregating the individual classifications. We show that if $m\geq 3$, $m\geq p\geq 2$, and classifications are fuzzy, that is, objects belong to a category to a certain degree, then an independent aggregator rule that satisfies a weak unanimity condition belongs to the family of Weighted Arithmetic Means. We also obtain characterization results for $m= p= 2$.
Decoherence Implies Information Gain

It is shown that if the wave function of a quantum system undergoes an arbitrary random transformation such that the diagonal elements of the density matrix in the basis of a preferred observable remain constant, then (i) the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix become smaller in magnitude, and (ii) the system gains information about the preferred observable in the sense that the uncertainty of the observable reduces. These results are independent of the details of how the system-environment interaction generates the transformation of the state of the system, and together imply that decoherence leads to information gain, not information loss.
Pandora's White-Box: Increased Training Data Leakage in Open LLMs

In this paper we undertake a systematic study of privacy attacks against open source Large Language Models (LLMs), where an adversary has access to either the model weights, gradients, or losses, and tries to exploit them to learn something about the underlying training data. Our headline results are the first membership inference attacks (MIAs) against pre-trained LLMs that are able to simultaneously achieve high TPRs and low FPRs, and a pipeline showing that over $50\%$ (! ) of the fine-tuning dataset can be extracted from a fine-tuned LLM in natural settings. We consider varying degrees of access to the underlying model, customization of the language model, and resources available to the attacker. In the pre-trained setting, we propose three new white-box MIAs: an attack based on the gradient norm, a supervised neural network classifier, and a single step loss ratio attack. All outperform existing black-box baselines, and our supervised attack closes the gap between MIA attack success against LLMs and other types of models. In fine-tuning, we find that given access to the loss of the fine-tuned and base models, a fine-tuned loss ratio attack FLoRA is able to achieve near perfect MIA peformance. We then leverage these MIAs to extract fine-tuning data from fine-tuned language models. We find that the pipeline of generating from fine-tuned models prompted with a small snippet of the prefix of each training example, followed by using FLoRa to select the most likely training sample, succeeds the majority of the fine-tuning dataset after only $3$ epochs of fine-tuning. Taken together, these findings show that highly effective MIAs are available in almost all LLM training settings, and highlight that great care must be taken before LLMs are fine-tuned on highly sensitive data and then deployed.
Roles of lncRNAs in NF-κB-Mediated Macrophage Inflammation and Their Implications in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases

Over the past century, molecular biology’s focus has transitioned from proteins to DNA, and now to RNA. Once considered merely a genetic information carrier, RNA is now recognized as both a vital element in early cellular life and a regulator in complex organisms. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are over 200 bases long but do not code for proteins, play roles in gene expression regulation and signal transduction by inducing epigenetic changes or interacting with various proteins and RNAs. These interactions exhibit a range of functions in various cell types, including macrophages. Notably, some macrophage lncRNAs influence the activation of NF-κB, a crucial transcription factor governing immune and inflammatory responses. Macrophage NF-κB is instrumental in the progression of various pathological conditions including sepsis, atherosclerosis, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and hypersensitivity. It orchestrates gene expression related to immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and proliferation. Consequently, its malfunction is a key contributor to the onset and development of these diseases. This review aims to summarize the function of lncRNAs in regulating NF-κB activity in macrophage activation and inflammation, with a particular emphasis on their relevance to human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets. The insights gained from studies on macrophage lncRNAs, as discussed in this review, could provide valuable knowledge for the development of treatments for various pathological conditions involving macrophages.
Evaluation of Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction in Newly Diagnosed Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Patients

Simple Summary This study provides an insight into newly diagnosed patients with MF on patients’ expectations, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction. These data can be used for adequate expectation management and provide a rationale for further evaluation of treatment regimens in these patients. Abstract Background: Little is known about the impact of MF on quality of life (QoL) in newly diagnosed patients. Objectives: To describe the impact of the MF diagnosis on QoL, patient expectations, and treatment satisfaction over the first 6 months after diagnosis. Methods: Outcomes of this prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed MF patients conducted between 2020 and 2022 at the Leiden University Medical Center included the Skindex-29, RAND-12 Health Survey, degree of itch, pain, and fatigue (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)), patient expectations, and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8), measured at baseline and after six months. Results: A total of 28 patients with MF were included. At baseline, 66% (n = 18) “strongly-totally” expected positive effects of the treatment. At the time of diagnosis, 28% of the patients (n = 8) were moderately to severely affected. There was no statistical change in the Skindex-29 score sum score (20 [10–34] vs. 20 [9–36]; p = 0.81) or in the other three subdomains, the RAND-12 scores, and the VAS itch, pain, and fatigue over time. Treatment satisfaction was high overall. Conclusion: Despite that the newly diagnosed MF patients anticipate a positive treatment effect, few improvements in QoL and symptom reduction were found. These data can be used for adequate expectation management and provide a rationale for further evaluation of treatment regimens in these patients.
Classical to Quantum Transfer Learning Framework for Wireless Sensing Under Domain Shift

To implement ubiquitous wireless sensing, the domain shift problem (e.g., different environments, users, devices) for machine learning based approaches should be addressed. Some existing methods are proven to be effective, such as transfer learning and domain adaptation. Meanwhile, quantum machine learning, a combination of quantum computing and machine learning, has attracted much attention. More importantly, quantum transfer learning (QTL) has been successful for certain applications, e.g., image classification. In this paper, we explore a classical to quantum (C2Q) framework to address the domain shift problem in wireless sensing by exploiting the great potential of QTL. Specifically, we first analyze the data shift problem in various types of wireless datasets by calculating the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence of different domains. Then, a QTL framework is designed to introduce importance weighting and adversarial strategies. We finally evaluate the proposed framework using the representative human activity recognition task on three wireless sensing datasets. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the framework and its great potential for solving the domain shift problem in wireless sensing.
A comparison of the time course of action and laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions with different doses of mivacurium for day-case urologic surgery in children: a prospective cohort study

Objective To investigate the time course of action of different doses of mivacurium and determine the appropriate dose for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion for day-case urologic surgery in children. Methods A total of 105 patients who enrolled in this study between March 2021 and December 2021 were randomised into 3 groups: Group A (mivacurium 0.15 mg/kg, n = 35), Group B (mivacurium 0.20 mg/kg, n = 35) and Group C (mivacurium 0.25 mg/kg, n = 35). The different doses of mivacurium were injected before LMA insertion. The primary outcomes included the grading of conditions for the LMA insertion-18 score, onset time, recovery index and the duration that mivacurium was effective. Secondary outcomes included pulse oxygen saturation, mean blood pressure, heart rate and the incidence of adverse events. Results The score of the conditions for LMA insertion in Group A was significantly lower than in Groups C and B (p < 0.005). There was a significant difference in the onset time between Groups B and A (p < 0.005). There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse reactions between these groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Anaesthesia with 0.2 mg/kg of mivacurium can effectively shorten the onset time and facilitate insertion of the LMA in children undergoing day-case urologic surgery.
New Method for Detecting Flange Fracture Initiation in Incremental Radial Extrusion

This study investigates flange fracture formation in unconventional incremental radial extrusion. This manufacturing technique involves using rings with a gradually increasing inside diameter for constraining the free flow of material in the radial direction. As a result, the shaped flange has a constant thickness and a significantly larger diameter than that formed using the standard extrusion process conducted without the use of rings. EN AW 6060 aluminum alloy tube sections were used as the billet material, and the extrusion process was conducted under cold forming conditions at ambient temperature. For the determination of material fracture initiation, a new method was proposed involving the analysis of strain, strain rate and values of the normalized Cockcroft–Latham fracture criterion integral. The main advantage of the new method is that it allows for the prediction of fracture initiation via only FEM results analysis, i.e., it is not necessary to carry out additional experiments aimed at calibrating or determining limit parameters of a given material. It was shown that the occurrence of differences in the distribution of the above-mentioned parameters coincided with flange fracture initiation.
Bony Mallet Thumb Treated With the Ishiguro Extension Block Technique: A Case Report

A bony mallet thumb is an extremely rare injury. An 82-year-old man fell from a standing height and injured his right thumb. Imaging examinations revealed a rare intra-articular fracture at the dorsal side of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb called the bony mallet thumb. Conservative treatment was adopted initially; however, surgery was deemed necessary because of the redislocation of the bone fragment. Thus, the Ishiguro extension block technique was used, and three months later, satisfactory thumb function was achieved. The Ishiguro technique is a relatively simple procedure often performed for bony mallet fingers. The current case indicated that it can also be used to treat cases of bony mallet thumbs successfully.
Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Interventions and Insights from Clinical Trials

First-line treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) encompass a wide range of pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies. However, many patients fail to respond to such interventions, highlighting the need for novel approaches. Due to its ability to modulate cortical activity, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) could represent a valuable therapeutic tool. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize and discuss the existing evidence on the ameliorative effects of NIBS on PTSD and comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms. Our goal is also to debate the effectiveness of an integrated approach characterized by the combination of NIBS and psychotherapy. This search was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PSYINDEX, MEDLINE, and ERIC databases. Overall, 31 studies met the eligibility criteria, yielding a total of 26 clinical trials employing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and 5 making use of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS). From these studies, it emerged that NIBS consistently reduced overall PTSD symptoms’ severity as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms. Moreover, we speculate that combining NIBS with prolonged exposure or cognitive processing therapy might represent a promising therapeutic approach for consistently ameliorating subjects’ clinical conditions.
Survival Analysis with Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Tuberculosis (TBC) Patients

Survival analysis is a method in statistics which aims to analyze the relationship between time from thebeginning of observation until the occurrence of an event (response variable) with factors that have aninfluence on the event (predictor variables). To determine the relationship between the response variableand the predictor variable, where the response variable is the time until the event occurs, one method thatcan be used is the cox proportional hazard regression method. The data used in this research is data onhospitalizations of tuberculosis sufferers at Haji Makassar Hospital in 2022 because it has characteristicsthat are in accordance with the aim of survival analysis, namely to determine the relationship betweenthe life span of TBC patients and the factors that influence TBC disease. The results of the analysisobtained factors that significantly influence the recovery rate of patients with TBC are shortness ofbreath and smoking habits. The shortness of breath variable has an influence on the recovery rateof TBC patients, namely 0,3506, which means that TBC patients who do not experiencing shortnessof breath has a recovery rate of 0.3506 times the likelihood of recovery compared to patients whoexperience shortness of breath. Variable smoking habit was 0.7367, which means that patients withTBC did not smoking habit has a recovery rate of 0.7367 times recovered compared to patients who hada smoking habit
The Effect of Concentrated Ownership on Tax Avoidance: CSR Mediates or Moderates

This study seeks to empirically demonstrate the relationship between concentrated ownership and tax avoidance, exploring the potential role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as either a mediating or moderating variable. From the aim of this research, the formulation of the problem in this research is whether concentrated ownership has an effect on tax avoidance and this research wants to further prove whether CSR is more appropriate to use as a mediating or moderating variable in explaining the relationship between concentrated ownership and tax avoidance. The research focuses on a selection of manufacturing firms that uphold CSR values during the period from 2019 to 2021, employing purposive sampling as the method for sample selection. Concentrated ownership is defined as ownership exceeding 50%, while tax avoidance is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR). The results prove that concentrated ownership encourages management to conduct tax avoidance as an effort to obtain additional capital for the firm's investment needs so that companies tend to shift current taxes to future taxes. This research proves the existence of agency problems where concentrated ownership expropriates minority interests. CSR functions as a moderating factor in the correlation between concentrated ownership and tax avoidance. It serves to diminish managerial endeavors in evading taxes by establishing corporate legitimacy. With better implementation of CSR, it is hoped that this will not be a motivation for companies to avoid taxes when companies are dominated by concentrated ownership and investors prefer to invest in companies that have concentrated shares.
Global and Regional Chitinozoan Biodiversity Dynamics in the Ordovician: Relationships to Sea-Level, Carbon Cycling and Tectonics

Fossil species provide extensive information about the past history of life on Earth. This thesis focuses on the global and regional biodiversity dynamics of the extinct fossil group Chitinozoa, and analyzes the impact and influences of sea-level, global carbon cycling and tectonics on their biodiversity. Biodiversity curves were generated from three different paleo-continents, Laurentia, Baltica, and Gondwana using the automated graphic correlation computer program CONOP9. Traditional methods of biodiversity analysis count fossil taxa in individual intervals of geologic time. The results of these methods are highly dependent upon interval length and the relationship of taxon range to interval boundaries. CONOP9 utilizes an interval free approach to biodiversity analysis. Chitinozoan stratigraphic range data from fossil species collected on several ancient continents (Baltica, Laurentia, and Gondwana) were also combined and analyzed to compare the regional and global biodiversity plots. These biodiversity patterns were then compared to existing sea-level and carbon isotope excursion curves to examine the relationship between environmental change and Chitinozoan biodiversity. The three major carbon isotope excursions of the Ordovician, the MDICE, GICE, and HICE all occur during periods of reduced global chitinozoans biodiversity. Additionally, sea level to some extent appears to be related to chitinozoan biodiversity with reduced biodiversity during periods of sea level decrease and increasing biodiversity during periods of higher sea level.
Modeling the impact of cigarette taxation and smoking ban on smoking practices and general physician visits in the UK

Worldwide, smoking tobacco causes several million deaths annually. In the United Kingdom, smoking is still a main preventable cause of cancer and a leading cause of premature mortality. One of the most important instruments used to reduce smoking is the excise tax increase. The idea behind this policy is pretty simple: raising the tax increases prices and thus discourages people to consume cigarettes which in turn improves public health. Another measure is a smoking ban from enclosed public places and workplaces. We model smoking and health behaviours over time, taking into consideration the correlations between these two variables. We study the eﬀects of the excise tax and smoking ban on smoking decision. A non-linear bivariate panel data model is estimated to study smoking decision and medical consumption for individuals living in the UK and period going from 1991 to 2018. An increase in the excise tax is estimated to have a negative impact on the prevalence of smoking for the same year. This conﬁrms that the tax is a good public policy tool to reduce the prevalence of smoking. The smoking ban introduced in the UK in the middle of the period has a negative and signiﬁcant impact on the smoking decision. Among people in a poor health the previous year, smokers have greater number of GP visits. This result is consistent with the medical literature which states that smoking-related diseases can be relatively serious (cancers, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease).