Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fungi associated with maize seed discolouration and abnormalities in south western Nigeria

Three seed samples of maize showing different forms of discouloration and abnormalities were screened for associated fungi. Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus flavus were isolated from all the categories of seed tested. The percentage incidence of F. moniliforme was significantly higher on seeds which showed white streaks, purple/pink discolouration, discoloured germ end and wrinkling than that of any other fungus. Cephalosporium acremonium and Nigrospora oryzae were also associated with purple/pink discolouration while Dreschslera maydis, Fusarium semitectum, Curvuluaria lunata and Colletotrichum graminicola were observed on seeds with brown spots. Botryodiplodia theobromae was more predominant on blackened seeds. Cephalosporium acremonium, B. theobromae, D. maydis and F. moniliforme were mainly associated with seeds with discoloured germ ends while wrinkled seeds were observed to harbour F. moniliforme, D. maydis and C. graminicola. RESUME Trois echantillond de graines de mais montrant differentes formes de decoloration et d'anomalies ont ete evaluees pour les champignons associes. Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus flavus ont ete isoles de toutes les categories de graines testees. Le pourcentage d'incidence de Fusarium moniliforme etait significativement plus eleve sur les graines qui ont montre des raies blanches, une decoloration purpre/rose, un bord du germe decolore et une entorse plus que d'autres champignons. Cephalosporium acermonium et Nigrospora oryzae ont ete aussi associes avec une decoloration purpre/rose alors que Dreschslera maydis, Fusarium semitectum, et Collecttrichum graminicola etaient sur les graines avec des tâches brunes. Botryodiplodia theobromae etait plus dominant sur des graines noircies. Cephalosporium acremonium, B. theobromae, D.maydis et F. moniliforme etaient principalement associes avec les graines ayant des fins des germes decolores alors que les graines tordues etaient observees chez F. moniliforme, D. maydis et C. graminicola. (Af Crop Science and Production: 2001 9(4): 693-697)
Some biological aspects of liza abu (heckel) mugilidae, in al‐daoodi drain. (Baghdad, Iraq)

Abstract Growth and reproduction of Liza abu in a drain (salinity between 1–37.) was studied. Comparison with other studies was made. Different growth pattern was observed between the different habitat and the fish appeared to be slower in its growth in the brackish waters. Maturity and reproduction shows no significant differences. Condition factors and length‐weight relationships are also given.
Efeito da sacarose e do benomyl na multiplicação in vitro da macieira

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of sucrose and benomyl concentrations on in vitro multiplication of apple (Malus prunifolia Willd, Borkh). The culture media composition was MS basal media plus 1 mg L-1 of BAP. Benomyl was harmful to M. prunifolia at all concentrations. The best sucrose concentrations was 30-45 g L-1, evaluated by shoot and bud number. The sucrose concentration of 45 g L-1 gave the biggest shoot length. The best shoot color was obtained at 15-30 g L-1 of sucrose.
Análise conjunta de atributos físicos e biológicos do solo sob sistema de integração lavoura‑pecuária

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the integrated crop-livestock system on the morphological, physical and biological properties of soil. The experiment was carried out in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in a typic Hapludox soil. The following systems were sampled: grain crop under conventional soil tillage system, integrated crop-livestock system under no-tillage, continuous Urochloa decumbens (Syn. Brachiaria decumbens) pasture and natural system. In each system, a trench was opened in order to detect morphological changes caused by different management, using the cultural profile method. Assessments of soil macroinvertebrates were done according to the method Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility. Undisturbed soil samples were also used to assess the physical attributes of soil (soil density, total porosity, macro and microporosity). Among the cultivated systems, better soil structure was observed in the integrated crop-livestock system, in the layers 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m. The systems under crop-livestock and pasture continuously cultivated favored a more biologically active soil environment, among the other agricultural systems. The visualization of soil attributes showed that crop-livestock integration is a promising strategy to develop sustainable production systems and that the period of two years of management is considered suitable for crop-pasture rotation.
Sexual reproduction of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)

The phenology of sexual reproduction of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. was similar at the three sites on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, used in the study. As indicated by cell divisions, cone buds ended dormancy in early March, 2 weeks before dormancy ended in vegetative buds. Pollen mother cells underwent meiosis in mid-March and mature, saccate, four- or five-celled pollen was formed by late April. Megaspore mother cells underwent meiosis in late March and mature female gametophytes were developed by late May. Pollination occurred in late April. A pollination drop was produced by the nucellus and exuded between the two micropylar arms and pollen was drawn down into a nucellar depression where pollen germinated in late April. Fertilization occurred in early June and early stages of embryo development occurred by late June, 9 weeks after pollination. Cotyledons were initiated in late July and seed was mature by mid-August and shed during the early fall.Development of male and female gametophytes and .
RATE OF INCREASE, 1978–1988, OF BOWHEAD WHALES, BALAENA MYSTICETUS, ESTIMATED FROM ICE‐BASED CENSUS DATA

The number of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, passing within viewing range of the ice-based census at Point Barrow, Alaska, during spring migrations from 1978 to 1988 is estimated from the visual census data. The trend in the annual numbers yields an estimated rate of increase of 3.1% per year with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.1% to 6.2% for the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas bowhead stock during this period. Alternative treatments of the data suggest less precise or somewhat lower estimates, but all results indicate that the stock was increasing.
Determination of Age in the Humpback Whale, Megaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre)

The use of baleen, ear plugs, and ovaries in the determination of age in humpback whales is described. From the evidence of baleen, the majority of humpback whales reach puberty at 4 or 5 years of age. The rate of accumulation of laminations in ear plugs is two laminations per year. The mean rate of ovulation in sexually mature females is 1.1 per year. Age determination upon the same sample of mature females by these two methods gives very similar distribution of ages. The age distribution within separate sexes from samples of mature humpback whales examined on the west and east coasts of Australia in 1957 are compared. The results indicate that the population migrating along the west coast is at present composed of younger individuals than that on the east coast of Australia.
Experimental study of digestion in Octopus vulgaris (Cephalopoda: Octopoda)*

Digestion in Octopus is very fast at the beginning and slows down progressively. At 18–19°C, the crop was empty 6 hours after the beginning of the meal, gastric digestion was achieved after 9 hours and caecal digestion after 12 hours. The digestive enzymes are mainly supplied by the digestive gland, where alternating phases of synthesis and release were observed. Absorption takes place in the digestive gland, in the digestive duct appendages, and in the caecum, where the lipids were first absorbed. At 14°C, all processes of digestion are distinctly slower. There was some evidence that digestion might also be affected by sex and sexual maturation.
Local population genetic structure of the montane caddisfly Drusus discolor is driven by overland dispersal and spatial scaling

Summary Streams and rivers represent a special and complex case of dendritic networks, where comparable stretches of river habitat are isolated from each other by river stretches with different abiotic conditions as well as the terrestrial matrix. The capacity of stream insects for ‘within-network’ (i.e. in-stream) and ‘out-of-network’ (i.e. lateral overland) dispersal varies dramatically, making them good models for studying how these different dispersal modes affect community or population structure, and how landscape structure affects dispersal. In this study, we genotyped 1129 individuals of the montane caddisfly species Drusus discolor from 44 sampling sites for 20 microsatellite loci to assess local population structure and the importance of overland dispersal and gene flow in two central German highlands. Using species distribution models, we assessed whether suitability of the terrestrial habitat between streams influenced genetic structuring among sampling sites. Our results generally indicate high levels of overland dispersal at small and medium distances and show that the surrounding landscapes or catchment boundaries do not drive population structure in the study species. The data further show a significant change in spatial autocorrelation at about 20 km distance in both regions, indicating that dispersal is distance-limited and reduced at distances above 20 km.
Brain β-Endorphin during Pregnancy, Parturition, and the Postpartum Period*

Brain β-endorphin (β-EP) was measured in the rat during pregnancy, parturition, and the postpartum period. β-EP increased in the hypothalamus, midbrain, and amygdala during gestation and remained elevated through delivery until 1—2 days postpartum. The concentration of β-EP increased in the hypothalamus from 31.8 ± 1.4 (±SE) ng/mg protein in nonpregnant controls to41.4 ± 1.8 and 39.2 ± 1.9 during early (8—10 days) and late (18—20 days) pregnancy, respectively, and in the midbrain from 3.20 ± 0.17 to 5.21 ± 0.30 and 5.25 ± 0.64 ng/mg protein (P < 0.01). In another experiment, the brain content of β-EP expressed as nanograms per region, increased from 12.6 ± 0.29 to 14.7 ± 0.33 in the hypothalamus, from 4.09 ± 0.44 to 6.03 ± 0.34 inthe midbrain, and from 0.93 ± 0.11 to 1.32 ± 0.06 ng in the amygdala at 16—17 days of gestation compared with that in nonpregnant controls (P < 0.01). When hypothalamic β-EP was measured 1 week postpartum in lactating and nonlactating rats, a significant decline in the β-EP conce.
Education for Multiculturalism Among Arab Youth in Israel

ABSTRACT Education for multiculturalism, founded on liberal-democratic values, is a frequent topic of educational discourse that has not been ignored by Muslim Arab schools in Israel. In general, Arab society is undergoing change processes, in transition from a traditional to a modern society; traditional values are challenged, engendering social crises. This paper discusses whether the multicultural approach can be successfully imparted in a society with preexisting structured values. It focuses on the school’s role as a socialization agent that needs to adapt itself to a changing sociocultural reality, discussing the school’s involvement in creating a value crisis, since it transmits the Islamic perception of the principles, foundations, and goals of education for multiculturalism. It is concluded that education for multiculturalism in Arab schools lacks internal logic, conflicts with and even undermines the Arab society’s sociocultural values system, is inappropriate as a means to supervise the necessary change processes, and thus contributes to a values crisis.
Severed Heads and Compliant Bodies? A speculation about principal identities

When I had to reapply for my own position as principal I felt as if I was facing the prospect of losing a part of myself. Conversations with other women colleagues confirmed that I was not alone in this response. Taking this as my cue, I explore the notion of principal “identification” practices—that is the continuing process of forming a “principal identity”—through personal narrative, a Cartesian metaphor and emerging research evidence. In particular, I focus on how conditions of entrepreneurial governance change a continuing policy commitment to heroic leadership, and how principal and school identities are conflated through accountability regimes, marketing requirements and work intensification. I propose that a study of changing principal identities might fruitfully add to critical leadership and management scholarship, complementing the emergent corpus on emotions in leadership. I am telling you stories. Trust me. (Winterson, 1988, p. 160)
INTERPRÉTATION SYMBOLIQUE ET INTERPRÉTATION RELIGIEUSE EN ARCHÉOLOGIE : L'EXEMPLE DU TAUREAU A CATAL HÖYÜK

Resume: Cet article prend l’exemple du taureau a Catal Hoyuk pour avancer quelques points de methode dans l’interpretation de l’iconographie des societes sans ecriture. Il souligne d’abord la difference entre le dechiffrement du symbolisme attache a une representation plastique et les croyances religieuses que cette representation est censee illustrer. Il argumente ensuite que des differences de taille ou de positions entre entites representees ne sont significatives d’une hierarchie qu’a l’interieur d’une meme unite representationnelle. Il soutient, reprenant maintes critiques formulees contre la vieille interpretation de J. Mellaart, que le taureau se trouve toujours en position dominee et que rien n’evoque l’idee d’un «dieu-taureau». Le bovin est plutot l’espece sacrificielle par excellence, idee qui permet d’interpreter bucranes et massacres deposes dans les pieces principales comme restes sacrificiels. Cette interpretation est illustree par quelques donnees comparatives prises dans l’ethnographie des peuples actuels.
Prevalence of Aspergillus species on selected Colombian animal feedstuffs and ability of Aspergillus section Flavi to produce aflatoxins.

A total of 57 samples of feedstuffs commonly used for animal nutrition in Colombia (maize, soybean, sorghum, cottonseed meal, sunflower seed meal, wheat middlings and rice) were analysed for Aspergillus contamination. Aspergillus fungi were identified at species level and their ability to produce aflatoxins was determined by highperformance liquid chromatography. A total of 31 of the feedstuffs analysed (54.4%) were found to contain Aspergillus spp. The most contaminated substrate was maize (100%) followed by cottonseed meal (80%), sorghum (60%) and wheat middlings (60%). Soybean showed lower levels of contamination (10%). No Aspergillus spp. could be isolated from rice or sunflower seed meal. Total Aspergillus strains isolated were 50, with 28 belonging to section Flavi (56%), 17 to section Nigri (34%), 4 to section Circumdati (8%) and 1 to section Fumigati (2%). Among section Flavi, 17 isolates were identified as A. flavus, seven as A. parasiticus, two as A. oryzae and two as A. tamarii. Production of a.
Lower Bound Estimates of the Mass Transfer Coefficient from an Evaporating Liquid Droplet—The Effect of High Interfacial Vapor Velocity

Abstract: Here, a set of simplified equations, which emphasize the high mass-flux (or high interfacial vapor velocity) at the interface of an evaporating sphere has been solved analytically. The analysis is restricted to the stationary and no-gravity case. The correction factor obtained may, however, be applicable to non-zero Reynolds number situations in the same way as in other previous studies. The author has demonstrated in a simple manner that the mass transfer coefficient is expected to reduce to a large extent when the interfacial mass flux becomes very large.
Is This Information Source Commercially Biased? How Contradictions Between Web Pages Stimulate the Consideration of Source Information

In two experiments we systematically examined whether contradictions between two web pages—of which one was commercially biased as stated in an “about us” section—stimulated university students' consideration of source information both during and after reading. In Experiment 1 “about us” information of the web pages was presented below their content; in Experiment 2 it needed to be accessed by clicking on an “about us” link. Results of both experiments showed that after having encountered contradicting information, students attended longer to the “about us” statements, more frequently included this information in their written reports, and judged the commercially biased page as less trustworthy and less convincing than after having encountered consistent (positive or negative) information. These findings as well as additional results regarding think-aloud data (Experiment 1) and click data (Experiment 2) are discussed in the light of the discrepancy-induced source comprehension assumption.
EFFECT OF CHITIN ON COLOR DURING OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF BANANA SLICES

ABSTRACT Five conditions of the osmo-dehydration process of banana slices, which in our previous study underwent the most adequate color parameter changes. L, hue and chroma values were studied with the presence of chitin added to the syrup solutions at the concentration of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5% w/w. After four hours of osmo-dehydration, color space results of L, a and b as well as polyphenol oxidase activity were measured. Color space results were used to calculate hue and chroma and total color difference changes. Chitin presence did not change the tendency of polyphenol activity decreased during osmotic drying as well as has not effect on chroma, hue and total color difference changes. Chitin presence had an effect on L value decrease in the inner and outer part of the slice, and these changes did not depend to osmotic dehydration conditions. It is highly recommended to use chitin during osmotic dehydration of some fruits that would undergo undesirable darkening.
Produção do Superprecoce a Partir de Bezerros Desmamados aos 72 ou 210 Dias de Idade

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the feedlot performance, from 210 to 408 days of age of calves weaned at 72 (T 72 ) or 210 (T 210 ) days. Thirty-six non castrated Braford (5/8 Hereford 3/8 Nellore) calves were used. The average weight at the beginning of the experiment was 209 (T 72 ) and 192 kg (T 210 ). The whole feedlot period was 168 days, divided in four periods of 42 days. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 60:40 for the first and second periods, 50:50 for the third period and 45:55 for the fourth period. No significant interaction was observed between weaning age and feedlot evaluation period for average daily dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily digestible energy intake (DEI), expressed per animal (DMID and DEID), per 100 kg of live weight (DMIP and DEIP) and per unit of metabolic weight (DMIM and DEIM), for average daily weight gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE) and energy efficiency (EE). Animals weaned at 210 days presented higher DMIP (2.25 versus 2.07% of LW) and DEIP (7.05 versus 6.48% of LW) than animals weaned at 72 days. No difference was observed for DMID (6.75 versus 6.98 kg/day), ADG (1.066 versus 1.074 kg/day), FE (6.42 versus 6.72 kg of DM/kg of LW) and EE (20.18 versus 21.13 Mcal/kg of LW) for animals weaned at 72 or 210 days. Slaughter and hot carcass weight were similar, being, respectively, 424 and 232 kg for T 72 , 406 and 221 kg for T 210 animals. The results showed that animals weaned at 72 days present feedlot performance, slaughter and carcass weight similar to those weaned at 210 days.
Release of non-exchangeable potassium from some British soils cropped in the glasshouse

1. Continuous cropping with perennial ryegrass in the glasshouse was used to measure the release of non-exchangeable potassium from twenty soils representative of a wide variety of soil series. 2. Releases of non-exchangeable potassium ranged from almost none to > 2000 lb. K/acre. 3. The main reason for the variations in the potassium-releasing powers of the soils was traced to differences in the amount and potassium content of the finer clay fractions. Small potassiumcontents in the fine clay and small contents of fine clay were associated with small releases of nonexchangeable potassium. 4. Accumulated potash fertilizer residues or the presence of such minerals as glauconite can be responsible for the good potassium-releasing powers of some soils. 5. Some of the limitations of glasshouse work for assessing the potash status of soils are discussed. 6. Evidence was obtained for the existence in many soils of at least two categories of useful nonexchangeable potassium.
The role of defence on external indebtedness: An assessment of turkey

Turkey has been undergoing a severe economic crisis recently. Despite its low standing in terms of basic economic and welfare indicators, Turkey has been leading in arms imports. The pressing issues of macroeconomic imbalances are budget deficits, current account deficits and external debt burden. Previous work on the trade-off between defence and growth and between defence and budget deficits concludes that the presence of such trade-offs is not confirmed. As budget deficits are financed through internal and external debt, this paper attempts to explore to what extent defence might be contributing to Turkey's current account deficits and external indebtedness since the 1980s. Related data problems are also assessed.
STUDIES ON REPELLENTS FOR BITING FLIES

In view of the known lack of effectiveness and doubtful value of many of the materials cited in literature as being of value as repellents for biting flies, a series of experiments was carried out at the direction of the Dominion Entomologist, during the past three seasons, with the object of determining which of the many materials recommended as repellents might be the most effective and which the most lasting in effect.
MARKET TIMING & FINANCING DECISIONS OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS By Joseph T.L Ooi# and Li-Lin Department of Real Estate School of Design and Environment

This paper examines the financing decisions of U.S. REITs from a capital market perspective, with an emphasis on their market-timing behavior. The role of markettiming has been the focus of a few recent studies on the capital structure of corporations. Tracking the financing activities of the REIT sector between 1986 and 2003, this paper shows that the market-timing hypothesis describes REITs financing activities much better than either the capital structure trade-off or the pecking-order hypotheses. The evidence shows that REITs exhibit strong market-timing behavior, in terms of when and what type of capital to issue, to take advantage of variations in their relative costs in the capital market. Specifically, REITs time their equity offerings to coincide with periods of high stock valuation and when the hot stock market is hot. Debt securities, on the other hand, are preferred when the long-term rate is low and the credit spread is narrow. REITs appear to issue both debt and equity securities when investors are more risk-averse. The market-timing hypothesis suggests that firms choose the time and form of external financing