Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid repertoires of photo sharing: exploring the complexities of young adults’ photo-sharing practices

Photo sharing has become a routine everyday practice and an object of increasing scholarly interest in visual communication research. Previous studies focused on single photo-sharing practices and on how particular photo-sharing services or devices are used. This article, in contrast, highlights the merits of a repertoire-oriented approach to better understand the complexity and entanglement of photo-sharing practices across various channels in diversified media environments. Based on semi-structured qualitative interviews that are combined with creative visual methods, the present study explores the everyday photo-sharing practices of eight young adults. It examines how they decide and reflect on which pictures are shared with whom and via which communication channel. The analysis shows that photo-sharing repertoires are not just the mere sum of the different platforms used for sending and distributing pictures, but rather a meaningfully structured composition of practices. Sharing repertoires and practices are structured by decisions and considerations based on (1) the imagined affordances of platforms and their expected audiences as well as on (2) interpersonal coordination and matching practices. These decisions require multi-layered media literacy skills that include knowledge of technical aspects of visual media usage, knowledge of platform-specific affordances and norms, as well as knowledge of communication habits, preferences and attitudes of the communication partners. On the methodological level, the study underlines two aspects. First, practices of ‘smartphone photography’ are manifold. They go beyond photo sharing and also include the use of apps as camera tools and photographic software. This needs to be taken into account when examining and discussing the usage of specific apps or platforms. Second, the study highlights that visual creative methods and elicitation techniques can make a fruitful contribution to the methodological repertoire of communication research as they help to explore the complexities of everyday media use.
Determinants of Corporate Borrowing a Comparative Study of Developed, Emerging and Developing Countries

Previous literature suggests that some predictions of the capital structure theory are portable across countries. But still there are persistent discrepancies and crossectional variations regarding choice of debt. Therefore not only firm specific, but country specific factors are also influencing firms’ choice of debt. The basic purpose of this dissertation is to investigate exactly which predictions of the theory are portable across and how debt choice is influenced by institutional features in developed, emerging and developing economies. This particular study analyzes and compares the determinants of debt ratios using firm specific data from 2006 to 2016 for a sample comprised of 9536 non financial firms from 27 countries. Our sample of countries includes 10 each from developed and emerging and 07 from developing economic block. Panel data models have been used to test the impact of 09 firm specific attributes on debt ratios in individual countries. Comparison of results suggest that profitability and size of firm are two widely validated firm specific determinants of long term debt ratios across all countries irrespective of economic blocks they belong. Similarly assets structure and liquidity are consistent and most validated firms’ specific determinants of short term debt across all countries. Negative slopes of profitability, asset structure and liquidity are in line with pecking order hypothesis, while positive slope of size is in accordance with trade-off theory. Apart from profitability, size, asset structure and liquidity rest of regressors have different impact on leverage ratios in different countries. Thus we say that it is difficult to reconcile all firm specific factors under a single theoretical frame work. However theoretical predictions of pecking order theory are widely validated. We also examine the impact of 06, country specific attributes on average long term debt ratios in each economic block using panel data models. Regression outputs show that countries characteristics differently influence average long term debt ratios in the three economic blocks. Bond market development in advanced countries is the only positive significant factor that affects average long term debt in developed countries. Results of emerging block show that both legal integrity
Additional observations on the nest and eggs of Stenocercus caducus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) with a report of nest usurpation

The Brown Leaf Lizard Stenocercus caducus (Cope, 1862) (Squamata: Tropiduridae) arguably is the most widely distributed of the more than 60 species of Stenocercus Duméril and Bibron, 1859 (Nogueira and Rodrigues 2006, TorresCarvajal 2007, Torres-Carvajal and MaflaEndara 2013). It is found in forested habitats in Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina; although it is a common lizard, its habits are poorly known owing to its cryptic behavior (Scrocchi et al. 1985, Ávila et al. 2008, Cacciali and Rumbo 2008, Silva et al. 2010). Little is known about the nesting behavior in this species, but limited data available suggest that they are sexually dimorphic and reproduce in the rainy season, laying a clutch of two to four eggs (Ávila et al. 2008, Cacciali and Rumbo 2008). This
Independent Director Reputation Incentives, Accruals Quality and Audit Fees

While prior research provides abundant evidence that independent directors are associated with favorable outcomes, researchers have only recently started to investigate the impact of independent director reputation incentives. This study examines whether the reputation incentives of independent directors are associated with accruals quality and audit fees. The results reveal a negative relationship between the proportion of independent directors with relatively low reputation incentives and accruals quality. Further, the proportion of independent directors with relatively low reputation incentives is positively associated with audit fees, suggesting that auditors view lower reputation incentives as increasing risk. We also find that Big 4/5 auditor office size moderates the relationship between independent director reputation incentives and audit fees. Specifically, our results indicate that audit fees increase less in response to lower reputation incentives as office size increases, suggesting that larger offices respond to the risks associated with lower reputation incentives more efficiently than smaller offices.
Reactive wetting of metallic/ceramic (Al/α-Al2 O3 ) systems: a parallel molecular dynamics simulation study

The reactive wetting process of a flat solid alumina (α -Al2 O3) ceramic surface by metallic aluminum (Al) nanodroplets with different shapes (spherical, cylindrical, and layer) is studied using parallel molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on a variable charge MD method, with focuses on heat transfer, mass transfer, and the structure of the reactive region at the Al/α -Al2 O3 interface. We find that the diffusion of oxygen (O) atoms from the substrate into the droplet leads to the formation of a continuous layer of reaction product at the interface. The diffusion length of oxygen atoms into the spherical Al droplet is found to be ~7.3 Å, and the number density of O atoms at the ~5 top layers of the substrate decreases substantially. As a result, the structural correlations near the reactive region differ considerably from those in the solid substrate. Heat generated by the exothermic reactions in the reactive region is transferred to both the substrate and the droplet. The heat transfer is found to be sensitive to droplet shape.
Identification of early cancerous lesion of esophagus with endoscopic images by convolutional neural network

Esophageal cancer is less predictive than other diseases, and patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, so effective treatment is usually too late. Therefore, this experiment proves that AI detects esophageal cancer. The diagnostic ability of the number of phases is expected to assist doctors in using endoscopy plus artificial intelligence to increase the accuracy of diagnosis of esophageal cancer. This study provided 936 images of esophageal cancer endoscopy as a training image, including 498 white light endoscopes (WLI) and 438 narrow-band imaging endoscopes (NBI) images. According to the esophageal cancerization process, it is divided into four types: metaplasia (Dysplasia), metaplasia and esophageal cancer (Dysplasia-ECA), and esophageal cancer (ECA). A Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) was constructed by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and 264 test images were prepared to evaluate the accuracy of the model diagnosis. We developed a system called DNN-CAD to identify neoplastic or hyperplastic colorectal polyps less than 5 mm. The system classified polyps with a PPV of 89.6%, and a NPV of 91.5%, and in a shorter time than endoscopists. This deep-learning model has potential for not only endoscopic image recognition but for other forms of medical image analysis, including sonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance images. The construction of an SSD system for detecting esophageal cancer can analyze stored endoscopic images with high sensitivity in a short time, but more training can improve the accuracy of diagnosis. The system can facilitate early detection in practice and thus have a better diagnosis in the future.
High prevalence of uncontrolled and undetected hypertension in a general elderly population in Eastern Germany

More women than men were aware that they had high blood pressure. The proportion of men unaware that they were already treated with antihypertensives was higher than among women. The prevalence of untreated hypertension decreased with age, while treated but uncontrolled hypertension increased (> 50 % of all hypertensives in the highest age group). The prevalence of undetected hypertension was highest in younger subjects ( =75 years (12.6 %). In both sexes, the portion of uncontrolled patients among hypertensive subjects increased with age. In men, this appears to be related to the decreasing number of untreated hypertensives. In women, the degree of awareness was less age-dependent than in men. The number of men unaware of their hypertension in spite of the fact that they received antihypertensives was highest in the highest age group. Conclusion and Discussion In this elderly population, there was a high prevalence of undetected, untreated and uncontrolled hypertension. In general, it seems that antihypertensive management leads to better control in women than in men. The results are consistent with studies such as the Three Cities Studies [3], the EPIC-Study [4], the KORA Study, the SHIP Study [5] and the PAP Study [2]. However, in our study the prevalence of hypertension was higher in most age groups. There is an urgent need to develop public health strategies to increase awareness of the public health relevance of uncontrolled hypertension both in the population and among physicians in order to prevent sequelae such as cardiovascular diseases.
Age-Related Brood Parasitism and Egg Rejection in Magpie Hosts

When the strength or nature of a host-parasite interaction changes over the host life cycle, the consequences of parasitism can depend on host population age structure. Avian brood parasites reduce hosts’ breeding success, and host age may play a role in this interaction if younger hosts are more likely parasitized and/or less able to defend themselves. We analyzed whether the age of female magpie (Pica pica) hosts is associated with parasite attack or their ability to reject foreign eggs. We recorded parasitism and model egg rejection of known-age individuals over their lifetime and established whether the likelihood of parasitism or egg rejection changed with age or longevity. Parasitism probability did not change with female age, and there was a trend toward longer-lived females being less likely to be parasitized. However, model egg rejection probability increased with age for each individual female, and longer-lived females were more prone to reject model eggs. Most females in the population were young, and the majority of them accepted model eggs, suggesting that brood parasites exploiting younger host individuals are benefitting from a lower defense level of their hosts. Our results stress that the intensity of selection by brood parasites may be mediated by the age structure of host populations, a to-date neglected aspect in brood parasite–host research.
Firming up the capital base of the Austrian business sector - Consolidating Austria’s business sector strengths and its social role in the face of new challenges

While small- and medium sized firms in Austria are generally more productive, export more, and engage more in higher technology activities than in comparable countries, they need to adapt better to the knowledge economy to maintain their relative performance levels. The capital structure of Austrian SMEs are biased towards debt-financing and stronger equity, growth and venture capital markets would provide them with further resources for their long-term knowledge based investments. Skills shortages, in particular in advanced digital technologies, should be overcome. As around one third of all SMEs are up for ownership transmissions, ensuring successful business transfers will be crucial for maintaining the broad-based entrepreneurial dynamism. Meeting these challenges would also help to lift constraints on upscaling that many SMEs face and would provide the fruitful soil for future innovative activities. This Working Paper relates to the 2019 OECD Economic Survey of Austria (http://www.oecd.org/economy/austria-economic-snapshot/)
Substantial genetic divergence and lack of recent gene flow support cryptic speciation in a colour polymorphic bumble bee (Bombus bifarius) species complex

Phenotypic polymorphism can constitute an inherent challenge for species delimitation. This issue is exemplified in bumble bees (Bombus), where species can exhibit high colour variation across their range, but otherwise exhibit little morphological variation to distinguish them from close relatives. We examine the species status of one of the most abundant North American bumble bees, Bombus bifarius Cresson, which historically comprised two major taxa, bifarius s.s. and nearcticus. These lineages are recognized primarily by red and black variation in their mid‐abdominal coloration; however, a continuum from black (nearcticus) to red (bifarius s.s.) variation has led to their historic synonymization. Integrating mitochondrial and nuclear data and whole‐genome sequencing, we reveal a high level of both mitochondrial and nuclear divergence delimiting two morphologically cryptic species – the red bifarius s.s. and the colour‐variable (black to red) nearcticus. Population genomic analysis supports an absence of recent genomic admixture and a strong population structure between the two clades, even in sympatry. Species distribution models predict partially differentiated niches between the genetically inferred clades with annual precipitation being a leading differentiating variable. The bifarius s.s. lineage also occupies significantly higher elevations, with regions of sympatry being among the highest elevations in nearcticus. Our data also support a subspecies‐level divergence between the broadly distributed nearcticus and the island population vancouverensis. In this paper, we formally recognize the two species, Bombus bifarius Cresson and Bombus vancouverensis Cresson, the latter including the subspecies B. vancouverensis vancouverensis comb.n. and B. vancouverensis nearcticus comb.n. , with vancouverensis the name bearer due to year priority.
Identification of the occult tumor in cancer of unknown primary (CUP): A priority based on histology.

1605 Background: The poor prognosis of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) patients is likely to improve with knowledge of the primary site. CUP patients form a diverse clinicopathological group; however, there remains doubt as CUP may indeed represent a unique clinical classification. Methods: We used the Ontario Cancer Registry to identify all patients diagnosed with cancer from January 2000 to December 2005. We linked these patients with the Canadian Institute of Health Information Same Day Surgery and Discharge Abstract Database to identify those who were initially diagnosed with a metastatic tumour. Information on clinical and pathological characteristics including age, gender, primary tumour site, histology, and second primary were available from the Ontario Cancer Registry. We stratified results according to primary tumour site and histology. Five-year survival data were available for all patients and were obtained from the Ontario Cancer Registry. Results: Of 52,619 patients diagnosed with metastatic .
Equilibrium Propagation with Continual Weight Updates

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a learning algorithm that bridges Machine Learning and Neuroscience, by computing gradients closely matching those of Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT), but with a learning rule local in space. Given an input $x$ and associated target $y$, EP proceeds in two phases: in the first phase neurons evolve freely towards a first steady state; in the second phase output neurons are nudged towards $y$ until they reach a second steady state. However, in existing implementations of EP, the learning rule is not local in time: the weight update is performed after the dynamics of the second phase have converged and requires information of the first phase that is no longer available physically. In this work, we propose a version of EP named Continual Equilibrium Propagation (C-EP) where neuron and synapse dynamics occur simultaneously throughout the second phase, so that the weight update becomes local in time. Such a learning rule local both in space and time opens the possibility of an extremely energy efficient hardware implementation of EP. We prove theoretically that, provided the learning rates are sufficiently small, at each time step of the second phase the dynamics of neurons and synapses follow the gradients of the loss given by BPTT (Theorem 1). We demonstrate training with C-EP on MNIST and generalize C-EP to neural networks where neurons are connected by asymmetric connections. We show through experiments that the more the network updates follows the gradients of BPTT, the best it performs in terms of training. These results bring EP a step closer to biology by better complying with hardware constraints while maintaining its intimate link with backpropagation.
Benzothiadiazole Based Cascade Material to Boost the Performance of Inverted Ternary Organic Solar Cells

A conjugated, ladder-type multi-fused ring 4,7-dithienbenzothiadiazole:thiophene derivative, named as compound ‘T’, was for the first time incorporated, within the PTB7:PC71BM photoactive layer for inverted ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs) realization. The effective energy level offset caused by compound T between the polymeric donor and fullerene acceptor materials, as well as its resulting potential as electron cascade material contribute to an enhanced exciton dissociation, electron transfer facilitator and thus improved overall photovoltaic performance. The engineering optimization of the inverted TOSC, ITO/PFN/PTB7:Compound T(5% v/v):PC71BM/MoO3/Al, resulted in an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.34%, with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.75 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.74 V and a fill factor (FF) of 68.1%, under AM1.5G illumination. This photovoltaic performance was improved by approximately 12% with respect to the control binary device.
A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Effects of Intrathecal Nalbuphine in Patients of Lower Abdominal Surgeries under Spinal Anaesthesia

Introduction: Various adjuvants are used for the prolongation of anesthesia during the subarachnoid block. Opioids are very commonly used, and it is commonly associated with many benign risks, although nalbuphine proposed to be a safer alternative as it is an opioid receptor agonist-antagonist. We designed this randomized study to evaluate the effects of intrathecal (IT) nalbuphine in patients of lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients of either sex, aged between 18 and 60 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status Grade I and II undergoing elective lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Patient was randomly assigned to two groups (35 patients each); Group B, injection heavy bupivacaine 0.5% (2.5 ml) + normal saline (0.5 ml) administered IT and in Group N, heavy bupivacaine 0.5% (2.5 ml) + nalbuphine 0.8 mg (diluted to 0.5 ml normal saline) administered IT. Patients hemodynamic/sensorimotor variables were noted. Results: The onset time of sensory in Group B was 3.78 ± 1.31 min whereas in Group N was 1.29 ± 0.43 min (P < 0.05). The duration of sensory block in Group B and Group N was 123.65 ± 21.23 min and 166.24 ± 29.84 min (P < 0.05) while similar statistical signifi cance was observed in between groups for duration of motor blockade (Group B; 178.67 ± 28.34 min and Group N; 256.41 ± 33. 41 min). Duration of analgesia in Group B (201.31 ± 34.31 min) and Group N (298.43 ± 30.92 min) was statistically signifi cant among groups (P < 0.05). The patients recorded a mean visual analog scale score of 2.87 ± 0.29 min at 180 min (Group B) while 2.89 ± 0.47 min at 270 min (Group N) after starting of spinal anesthesia. Conclusion: IT nalbuphine improved the quality of intraoperative and post-operative analgesia, with minimal side effects.
The Effect of Green Finance on Energy Sustainable Development: A Case Study in China

ABSTRACT Green finance development is a comprehensive system with three aspects interacted: economic, environmental, and financial activities. Based on its internal mechanism, this paper constructs an evaluation system of green finance development, which fills the absence of existing studies on green finance development. The internal development of green finance is transformed into three subsystems by PSR (Pressure-State-Response) model, and the evaluation scores are calculated by the entropy weight method. As the applications of the evaluation system, the horizontal comparison and vertical trend of green finance development in different regions of China from 2004 to 2017 are analyzed, and the relationship between green finance and sustainable energy development can also be quantitatively analyzed. The results show that sustainable energy development can be promoted through the development of green finance, using various measures in dimensions of economic development, financial development, and environmental development.