Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
{[μ-N,N′-Bis­(salicyl­idene)-1,3-propane­diaminato-N,N′-di­methyl­form­amide]­zinc(II)}di­chlorozinc(II)

The title compound, [Zn2Cl2(C17H16N2O2)(C3H7NO)], is a doubly oxy­gen-bridged dinuclear complex with non-crystallographic mirror symmetry. One of the Zn2+ ions has a distorted square-pyramidal environment involving two O and two N atoms of the bis­(salicyl­idene)-1,3-propane­diaminate ligand, and an O atom of di­methyl­form­amide in the axial position. The other Zn2+ ion has a distorted tetrahedral coordination, with average Zn—O and Zn—Cl distances of 1.994 (3) and 2.2108 (14) A. The Zn⋯Zn distance is 3.161 (1) A.
STUDY OF FUNDUS CHANGES IN PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of retinal changes in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and any association between the retinal changes and blood pressure, proteinuria, and severity of the disease. All the patients admitted with diagnosis of PIH at Department of OBG MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital was included in this study. The study was done in collaboration with department of ophthalomology MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital. Age, gravida, gestation period, blood pressure, and proteinuria were noted from the case records. After taking history for any eye symptoms, fundus examination was done after dilating the pupils with direct ophthalmoscope in the ward itself. All the findings were noted on a data sheet, and were analyzed using SPSS programme. A total of 78 patients of PIH were examined. The mean age of patients was 30 years (range 21-45 years). The gestation period ranged from 25 weeks to 40 weeks; 34 (43.5%) were primi gravida. Thirty (38.4%) patients had mild preeclampsia, 46 (59%) had severe preeclampsia and 2 (2.5%) had eclampsia. Retinal changes (hypertensive retinopathy) were noted in 46 (59%) patients --- grade I in 41 (52.6%) and grade II in 5 (6.4%). Haemorrhages or exudates or retinal detachment were not seen in any patient. There was statistically significant positive association of retinal changes and blood pressure (P =0.001), proteinuria (P =0.018) and severity of the PIH (P =0.024). Retinal changes (grade I and II hypertensive retinopathy) were seen in 59% of patients with PIH and they were significantly associated with blood pressure, proteinuria and severity of the disease. Fundus examination helps in assessing the severity of PIH.
1,4-Bis(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)but-2-ene

In the pseudo-centrosymmetric molecule of the title compound, C18H16N4, two benzimidazole fragments form the dihedral angles of 83.49 (7) and 79.37 (7)°, with the mean plane of the linking butene chain. No classical intermolecular interactions are observed. The porous crystal packing exhibits voids of 85 Å3.
Variability in Thickness of Human Skull Bones and Sternum – an Autopsy Experience

This is a pilot study to know the thickness of skull and sternum bones during postmortem examination. A total number of 76 cases were studied on autopsy during the period of six months at University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Out of 76 cases, 66 were males and 10 were females. Male to female ratio was 6.6:1. Ten parameters were studied about the thickness of skull bones. Sternum bone thickness was also measured. Results showed thickness of skull bones in males to be:frontal 6.3 mm; temporal 3.9 mm; occipital 7.7mm; parietal 5.8mm; central frontal bone 8.1mm and occipital 9.35mm. In females thickness at various points of skull bones was found to be: frontal, 5.7 mm; temporal, 3.4mm; occipital, 7.1mm;parietal, 5.6mm; central frontal bone, 7.4mm and occipital, 8.2mm. It was observed in our study that thickness of frontal and occipital bones of skull bones varied from 3 mm to 14 mm,with an average of 8mm; an average thickness of 4mm was observed for temporal bones on both sides. Sternum thickness measured in males at Manubrium sterni to be 16.34 mm; Junction of Manubrium and body, 16.54mm; Middle of body,13.12mm; at tip, 11.5mm; Suprasternal notch, 17.21 mm. In females, measurements were Manubrium sterni, 14.34 mm; Junction of Manubrium and body, 16.6mm; Middle of body, 11.2mm; at tip,10.25mm; Suprasternal notch, 16.2mm.
Is hypothalamic involvement truly a red flag for multiple sclerosis

Any hypothalamic disturbance manifesting clinically is considered a major red flag for multiple sclerosis, whereas MRI lesions involving deep grey matter structures are considered an intermediate red flag. However, hypothalamic lesions manifesting clinically with hypersomnia have been described in some patients of multiple sclerosis. We report a case where the first and presenting feature of multiple sclerosis was acute onset hypersomnia with bilateral hypothalamic lesions. On review of recent literature, we also question whether clinical or radiological hypothalamic involvement is really so unusual that it should be considered a red flag for multiple sclerosis.
Psychological distress among adolescents before, during and after unsafe induced abortion in Malawi

Unsafe induced abortion among adolescents in Malawi is common but little is known about the psychological experiences of the adolescents before, during and after undergoing the unsafe induced abortion. A descriptive study that utilized qualitative methods was conducted with 18 purposely sampled adolescents that were admitted at the gynecological ward of Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi to explore their experiences. Data was collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and was manually analyzed using content analysis. Two themes that emerged from data analysis were psychological distress before and during unsafe induced abortion and psychological distress after unsafe abortion. Before and during unsafe abortion, the adolescents were worried that their pregnancies would disrupt their education, they would lose family support and get arrested. In addition, they were angry and disappointed because of lack of support from their male partners. After abortion, the adolescents felt guilty and regretted to having lost their babies and grieved for their children. Adolescents undergo traumatic experiences before, during and after undergoing unsafe abortion. Counseling and support services should address the psychological needs of adolescents and comprehensive psychological counseling should be integrated into post abortion care services in Malawi.
Hepatitis B Related Knowledge and Perception of Nursing Students: An Institutional Based Study in Kathmandu, Nepal

Background: Hepatitis B is the world’s most common blood borne viral infection. Millions of people are affecting and dying each year from hepatitis B. It is transmitted through direct contact. Clinical Health Professionals (Laboratory technicians, nursing staffs and medical surgeons) are most at risk population of hepatitis B. The main objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and perception of nursing students about Hepatitis B. Methods and materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during January to May 2010 among 385 nursing students in five nursing colleges of Kathmandu. Data were collected by using self administrated questionnaires. Level of knowledge was established by compiling all related information. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 13). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results were disseminated in tabular, graphical and narrative appearance. Results: All participants were female with mean age 18.54±2.001 years. About 39.5% were studying in 1 st year whereas 31.7% in 2 nd and 28.8% in 3 rd years. Majority (96.4%) heard about Hepatitis B and used radio/television (83.6 %) as potential source of information. Almost; 92.2% and 82.6% had the good understanding about causative agents and sign/symptoms respectively. About 97.7% understood ‘infected blood transfusion’ as common means of disease transmission. Majority (85.7%) perceived ‘liver damage’ as major complication. About 97.4% reported ‘infected blood receivers’ are the high risk population. Almost; 99.7% mentioned that vaccination is the effective preventive measure. Conclusion: Level of knowledge was significantly associated with age and academic grade of participants. Overall knowledge was found to be high.
2-(5,6-Dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-yl)phenol

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C20H15N3O, contains two independent molecules, each of which is disordered over two sets of sites corresponding to a rotation of approximately 180° of the dihydrobenzimidazoquinazoline moiety, with refined site occupancies of 0.7479 (13) and 0.2521 (12) for both molecules. The pyrimidine rings are in sofa conformations. In one molecule, the hydroxy-substituted benzene ring forms dihedral angles of 83.9 (3) and 82.4 (4)° for the major and minor components, respectively, with the mean plane of the benzimidazole ring system. The corresponding dihedral angles in the other molecule are 88.31 (14) and 85.8 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via intermolecular O—H⋯N and N—H. ·O hydrogen bonds into chains along [100].
2-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)acetamide

In the title compound, C15H13N3OS2, the pyridine ring and the benzo[d]thiazole unit subtend a dihedral angle of 57.7 (2)°. The length of the Csp 2—S bond [1.7462 (17) Å] is significantly shorter than that of the Csp 3—S bond [1.8133 (18) Å]. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular N—H⋯N and intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen-bond interactions. Furthermore, C—H⋯π interactions stabilize the crystal packing.
Azido(methanol)[N,N′-(o-phenylene)bis(pyridine-2-carboxamidato)]manganese(III)

In the title complex, [Mn(C18H12N4O2)(N3)(CH4O)], the MnIII ion is in a distorted octahedral coordination environment. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect molecules into centrosymmetric dimers.
The application of geographical information systems to infectious diseases and health systems in Africa.

The health sector has not yet begun to explore the full potential of geographical infonnation system (GIS) technology for health research and planning. The goal ofthis thesis is to demonstrate this potential in Africa through the application of GIS to the most important health issues in the continent. In excess of 23,000 homesteads are mapped and interviewed throughout Hlabisa district, Kwa-Zulu Natal using differential global positioning systems (GPS). I use the GIS to analyse mode health care usage patterns. 87% of homesteads use the nearest clinic and travel an average distance of 4.72 Ian to do so. There is a significant logarithmic relationship between distance from clinic and usage by the homesteads (~= 0.774, p<O.OOOl). I propose the distance usage index (DUI) as a composite spatial measure of clinic usage. The index is the sum of the distances from clinic to all actual client homesteads divided by the sum of the distances from clinic to all homesteads within its distance-defined catchment. The index encompasses inclusion, exclusion and strength of patient attraction for each clinic. The DUI highlights significant disparities in clinic usage patterns across the district (mean = 110%, SD =43.7). The results of the study have important implications for health planning in Africa. I use GIS/GPS technology to quantify the spatial implications of a shift towards community-based treatment of tuberculosis using the DOTs strategy in Hlabisa. The mean distance from each homestead in the district to nearest supervision point is measured using a GIS. The shift in treatment strategy from hospital to community-based between 1991-1996 reduces the mean distance to treatment point from 29.6 Ian (94% of the population> Sian) to l.SIan (entire population < Sian). GIS effectively documents and quantifies the impact of community-based tuberculosis treatment on access to treatment.
1-(2-Chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-2-nitrimino-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine

In the title compound, C9H13ClN6O2S, all bond lengths and angles are normal. The 1,3,5-triazine ring exhibits a half-chair conformation. In the crystal structure, weak intermolecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into layers parallel to the bc plane.
2-Chloro-N′-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzylidene)benzohydrazide

The molecule of the title Schiff base compound, C14H10ClN3O4, exists in a trans configuration with respect to the acyclic C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 62.37 (9)°. An intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal structure, adjacent molecules are linked into a ribbon along [10] by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
1-Acetyl-c-3,t-3-dimethyl-r-2,c-6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C21H23NO2, the piperidine ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. The two phenyl rings form dihedral angles of 64.6 (1) and 87.8 (1)° with the best plane through the piperidine ring. The crystal packing is governed by intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions.
2-Chloro-5-nitroaniline

The molecule of the title compound, C6H5ClN2O2, is close to being planar (rms deviation = 0.032 Å for all non-H atoms), with a maximum deviation of −0.107 (3) Å for an O atom. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N interactions link the molecules into a three-dimensional network.
Factor influencing stress among nursing students of faculty of nursing during clinical practice

The purposes of this descriptive research were: (1) to study the stress of nursing student during clinical practice and (2) to explore the factor that influencing stress in nursing students during clinical practice. The research sample comprised of 158 nursing students who were enrolled to the clinical practicum courses in General Hospital. Questionnaires were used for collect the data. It consisted of three parts: (1) demographic data, (2) the nursing students’ opinion regarding the preparation for clinical practice, environment of clinical setting, and preceptor and 3) the stress of nursing student during clinical practice. These questionnaires were tested for validity and reliability. The Cronbach’s coefficients alpha of part 2 and 3 were 0.80, 0.71, 0.82 and 0.94 respectively. Research data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation) and multiple regression analysis. The research results were as follows. (1) The stress of nursing student during clinical practice and (2) lack of the preparation for clinical practice and environment of the clinical setting were presented at the high level. Finally, (3) there was a co-factor that related to the stress of the nursing student with the statistically significant at . 05. Whereas, staff nurses, preceptor-knowledge, and preceptor-supervise could predicted the stress of the nursing student accounted for 14.20 % (R2= .142).
Dichloridobis(N,N′-diethylthiourea-κS)mercury(II)

There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, [HgCl2(C5H12N2S)2]. In both molecules, the N,N′-diethylthiourea ligands exhibit a cis,trans geometry around their C—N amide bonds. The shapes of the molecules are, to a large extent, determined by intramolecular N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds formed by the N—H groups from the cis amide groups. In one molecule, these groups are involved in three-center hydrogen bonds involving both chloride ligands, whereas in the other molecule only one Cl ligand takes part in intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The coordination around the Hg atom is distorted tetrahedral with an S2Cl2 donor set. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds between N—H groups from the trans amide units of the thioamide ligands and the chloride ligands connect the molecules into a polymeric chain extending along the c axis. One of the ethyl groups of the N,N′-diethylthiourea ligands is disordered over two positions in one of the molecules, with an occupancy of 0.654 (17) for the major component.
Garden -based education in school settings: The effects on children's vegetable consumption, vegetable preferences and ecoliteracy

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of garden-based learning experiences on sixth-grade students’ knowledge of, preferences for and consumption of vegetable varieties that were and were not grown in a school garden. Students at two sites in the San Francisco Unified School District were taught science and health lessons utilizing the school garden. Activities included planting, tending, harvesting, consuming garden-grown produce, and participation in community events, for an average of thirty minutes a week for 4 months. A control school did not participate in gardening activities. As part of a pre-post panel study, 236 sixth-grade students completed the Garden Vegetable Frequency Questionnaire, and 161 completed a taste test. Independent samples T-tests were conducted on the mean change in the outcomes measures. Results indicate that participation in school gardens can increase students’ ability to identify vegetables, the variety that they eat, and their consumption of them at school. Future research should explore whether the effects of garden-based learning experiences persist over time. Additional studies are also needed to distinguish which aspects of garden based learning experiences are most effective at facilitating positive knowledge, attitudinal and behavioral changes.
Strategies for Achieving the Goals of a Lung-Protective Ventilation Protocol in Large Clinical Trials

Background: Standardizing patient care is a challenging task in studies of patients with acute illness. Use of a lung-protective ventilation (LPV) protocol in studies of patients with acute lung injury is associated with reduced mortality and is the current standard for invasive ventilation in such studies. However, achieving the goals of an LPV protocol can be challenging. Methods: In a Phase III clinical study of pulmonary surfactant administration to patients with acute respiratory insufficiency due to pneumonia or aspiration of gastric contents, we performed an observational analysis to assess whether the goals of a specified ventilation protocol were achieved. Ventilation parameters, including tidal volume (VT) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), of the first 200 patients enrolled were analyzed. Subsequently, an intensified training program was initiated to improve achievement of protocol goals, and this achievement was assessed again in the next 643 randomized patients. Results: Implementation of intensified training measures was accompanied by a significant reduction in median values of V T from 7.8 to 7.0 mL/kg predicted body weight (PBW) and PIP from 29.5 to 28.5 cm H 2 O. Use of V T based on actual body weight, as opposed to PBW, may impair goal achievement. Goal achievement varied among countries and improved significantly in some with intensified training measures. Conclusions: Specific training measures may be effective in promoting achievement of goals of a pre-specified ventilation protocol in multinational clinical trials. Strategies described in this study may be helpful in achieving compliance with complex protocol demands in a variety of clinical trials.
Bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonato-κO)dioxidotris(tetrahydrofuran-κO)uranium(VI)

In the title compound, [U(C4F9O3S)O2(C4H8O)3], each UVI ion is located on a twofold rotation axis and is seven-coordinated by two terminal O atoms in the axial positions [U—O = 1.737 (5) Å] and five O atoms from two monodentate nonafluorobutanesulfonate (NfO−) and three tetrahydrofuran ligands in the equatorial plane [U—O = 2.388 (5)–2.411 (4) Å] in a pentagonal–bipyramidal geometry. The crystal packing exhibits weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the non-coordinated O atoms of the NfO− ligands.
The Relationship of Childhood Stress to Adult Health and Mortality Among Individuals From Two U.S. Documented Skeletal Collections, Late 19 th to Early 20 th Centuries

ix Chapter One: Introduction . 1 Research Design . 3 Research Questions . 4 Organization of the Dissertation . 6 Chapter Two: Literature Review . 8 Health . 8 Defining Health . 8 Bioarchaeological definitions of health . 10 Turn of the 20th century health beliefs: emic and etic . 13 Health Disparity . 18 Defining Health Disparity . 19 Health disparity and socioeconomic status . 20 Health disparity and ancestry . 22 Health disparity and gender . 23 Embodiment of social inequality . 26 The Health Context of the late 19th and Early 20th Centuries . 33 Epidemiological Transition . 33 Developments in Public Health and Sanitation . 37 Health Care and Hospitals . 39 Bioarchaeology of the 19th-20th Century U.S. . 41 Poorhouses and institutions . 41 Studies of health inequality . 47
1-(5-Benzylsulfanyl-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one

In the title compound, C16H22N2OS2, the S atom of the thiadiazole ring and the attached methyl groups are disordered over two orientations with a refined site-occupancy ratio of 0.641 (11):0.359 (11). The thiadiazole ring is in a twist conformation in both disorder components. The mean plane through the thiadiazole ring makes dihedral angles of 77.39 (8) (major component) and 67.45 (11)° (minor component) with the benzene ring. Intramolecular C—H⋯N interactions generate two S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into zigzag chains parallel to the b axis.
Effects Of Modafinil And Bromazepam On Decision-Making: A P300 Analysis

Drug influence on the decision making process has been scarcely studied. Researchers have driven the hypothesis that drugs might cause interference on cortical circuits. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the electrophysiological and behavioral changes occurring in the P300 after ingestion of modafinil (200mg), bromazepam (6mg) and placebo in healthy subjects exposed to a sensorimotor task based on the oddball paradigm. The sample for this study consisted of 10 subjects of both sexes, with ages ranging between 20 and 45, who were submitted to a quantitative electroencephalography. The experimental procedure was carried out in three visits, before and after drug ingestion. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the P300 latency and amplitude for the target condition, when compared to the non-target condition, for all analyzed electrodes. No significant difference was found for group or moment. A statistically significant difference was found for the group variable in the behavioral analysis. Such results suggest that the P300 is a measure, which is not sensitive to drug ingestion. On the other hand, the measure presented certain level of sensitivity when the subjects faced two different conditions in the decision making process orientation.
A comparison of the criteria used for notifying childhood tuberculosis at Coronation and Johannesburg General Hospital paediatric outpatient departments and those used by the World Health Organization for the diagnosis of tuberculosis

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.vii LIST OF FIGURES. xi LIST OF TABLES.xiii NOMENCLATURE. xiv Chapter 1: Introduction.1 1.