Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Morphology of the Amelanchier Agamic Complex (Rosaceae) at a Maine Site

We tested the power of quantitative morphology to distinguish Amelanchier taxa at a Maine site where most individuals come from polyploid agamospermous species and taxonomic boundaries are poten- tially obscured by hybridization. We sampled 92 individuals from seven species and one putative hybrid, 13 from a microspecies we call A. "rubra," and 15 that fit no published description (unknowns). We performed principal coordinates analysis on 20 quantitative and qualitative characters, six recognized taxa, and the unknowns. Three groups are suggested: 1) A. intermedia, A. laevis, A. "rubra," four A. stolonifera, and four unknowns; 2) A. nantucketensis and three A. stolonifera, and 3) A. canadensis and 11 unknowns. In the scat- terplot of the first two principal coordinates axes, the only two species that overlap are A. intermedia and A. laevis. Discriminant function analyses indicate that A. "rubra" could be a hybrid of A. laevis and either A. nan- tucketensis or A. stolonifera and do not support the hypothesis that A. intermedia is A. canadensis X laevis. The unknowns group with A. canadensis, A. laevis, or A. "rubra" and mostly do not appear to be F1s. Agamospermy and/or insufficient time for hybrids to establish after disturbance may explain the absence of an extensive hybrid swarm.
Valores de energia metabolizável de alimentos determinados com frangos de corte

The chemical composition, the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) of six feed of vegetal origins were determined by the total excreta collection method. A total of 252 male broiler chicks of the lineage Ross with 21 days of age were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with seven treatments (one basal reference diet and six test diets), six replicates and six birds per experimental unit. The evaluated feeds were: corn (CO), high oil corn (HOC), whole corn germ meal (WCGM), toasted whole soybean (TWSB), soybean hulls (SH), high protein soybean meal (HPSM) with 50% crude protein. The evaluated feeds were included in the diets-test in 40% and 25% of the reference diet, for the energy and protein feeds, respectively. The values of AME, in kcal/kg of as fed, for the feeds CO, HOC, WCGM, TSB, SH and HPSM were 3.402, 3.627, 3.019, 3.419, 814 and 2.070 and the AMEn values were: 3.393, 3.595, 2.935, 3.279, 741, and 1.984, respectively.
Information Aggregation and the Cognitive Make-up of Traders

We put forth that cognitive skills, such as cognitive reflection, are crucial for ensuring the informational efficiency of markets because they endow traders with the ability to infer othersâ€™ information from prices. Using laboratory experiments, we show that information aggregation is significantly enhanced when (i) all traders possess high levels of cognitive sophistication and (ii) this high level of cognitive sophistication is common information for all traders. Our findings shed light on the cognitive and informational constraints underlying the efficient market hypothesis.
Benefits of a female coach mentorship programme on women coaches’ development: an ecological perspective

ABSTRACT The development of women coaches is complex and dependent upon influences at individual, interpersonal, organisational, and sociocultural levels, as outlined by the Ecological-Intersectional Model (EIM). Mentorship is a notable strategy for supporting the development and advancement of women coaches, yet we know little about the benefits of mentorship for women coaches at each of these levels. The purpose of this study was to gain an ecological understanding of the benefits of mentorship for advancing women in coaching. More specifically, this study sought to explore the benefits of a Female Coach Mentorship Program on the various levels of the EIM model. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven women mentee coaches and a qualitative thematic analysis of the data revealed benefits of mentorship at the individual and interpersonal levels but not at the organisational and sociocultural levels. Recommendations are made to advance mentorship with further attention on the macro-levels of sport.
Association analysis of F2 generation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salinity condition

Rice occupies a pivotal place in the Indian agriculture and has been grown under diverse ecological conditions and gets exposed to different environmental stresses like drought, salinity and submergence. Development of rice varieties for salinity affected areas is emphasized on the improvement of rice yield potential in a specific environment. Information related to the relationship between yield and its components in the breeding programme particularly for salinity is very limited. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to study the correlation and path analysis in F 2 generation derived from two crosses namely ADT 43 x FL478 (Cross 1) and Improved White Ponni x FL478 (Cross 2) were evaluated at a farmer’s field at Vedapatti village, Tuticorin district of Tamil Nadu which is a saline track. Another rice variety FL478 (IR 66946-3R-178-1-1, derived from crossing between Pokkali and IR 29), has been promoted as an improved donor for breeding programs, as it has a high level of seedling stage salinity tolerance and is photoperiod insensitive, shorter and ûowers earlier than the original Pokkali. FL478 also maintains a lower Na + /K + ratio than both the parent lines (Gregorio et al . 2002). Based on its ability to tiller well and maintain high potassium content under salinity stress, FL478 appears to be a good candidate for salinity stress tolerance in rice, particularly at the vegetative stage of growth. In Vedapatti village of Tuticorin district, due to over-pumping of groundwater in the past several years, normal irrigation water has become saline water. Moreover, this village is considered as a hot spot area for the saline condition. Hence, the six generations developed through hybridization techniques were evaluated for salinity tolerance at Vedapatti village. The soil and water samples were collected from the field to analyze the EC and pH. The soil salinity and water quality in the experimental plot were 4.82 ECdSm -1 and 8.09 (pH) for soil and 4.78 ECdSm -1 and 8.19 (pH) for water respectively. From the present findings, it is clear that the characters viz., number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, total number of grains per panicle and spikelet fertility have to be given prime importance during selection since they expressed significant and positive correlation with single plant yield and also a positive inter-correlation among themselves. Therefore, selection for anyone of the above characters would bring in the simultaneous improvement of other traits and also finally resort to improve the grain yield under salinity condition. Path analysis also revealed that selection for the number of productive tillers per plant and the number of filled grains per panicle are to be given prior importance during selection since they had a positive correlation and high direct and indirect effect on grain yield under salinity condition in rice.
The effect of extra-strong gluten on quality parameters in durum wheat

Durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) cultivars with extra-strong gluten characteristics have become a unique quality type preferred by several domestic and international pasta processors. Durum genotypes with extra-strong gluten characteristics were compared to conventional gluten strength types to determine the relative levels of gluten strength and the importance of this characteristic in pasta quality. All extra-strong genotypes had similar gluten index levels that were significantly greater than cultivars traditionally grown in western Canada. For improved endproduct texture, the level of gluten strength appeared to be less important than protein content and wet gluten weight, which were the variables most closely linked to spaghetti viscoelasticity. The general positive relationships between texture and protein content of high temperature dried spaghetti followed the findings of previous studies. However, extra-strong gluten genotypes with lower protein content could not match the superior texture charact.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LINEAR TRAITS OF LEGS AND LONGEVITY OF UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY COWS

The influence of conformation traits that characterize mobility, on the life expectancy of Ukrainian brown dairy cows was investigated: rear legs side view (RLS), rear legs rear view (RLRV), hooves angle (FA), and locomotion (L). The dataset consisted of records about productive and linear traits of 489 cows collected from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. Cows with 1-4 scores for RLS were at higher risk of culling than animals with legs close together estimated at 6-9 scores. Cows with optimal development of the trait were used in the herd much longer compared to groups of animals with an estimate of 1-4 scores on 126-831 days and with estimate of 7-9 scores – on 286-505 days. Cows with the highest classification score of the RLRV were lived on 605 days longer compared to animals with 1 score. The dependence of cows longevity on the condition of FA was evidenced by a significant difference between groups of cows with estimates in 7 and 3 scores, which amounted 312 days. Cows with 9 scores for locomotion (L) were retained for 777 days longer as compared to animals with 1 score. The influence of linear traits characterizing extremities development on the life expectancy of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy cattle can be a predictor of longevity that allows indirect cow selection by type.
An automated procedure for the determination of soluble carbohydrates in herbage

An automated procedure for the estimation of total soluble carbohydrate in water extracts of herbage is described. Addition of different sugars to grass extracts showed good recoveries (96.5–104.5%) for glucose, fructose, sucrose and fructosan. Analysis of sugar mixtures similar in composition to grass extracts also gave good recoveries (98.7–100%). The automated technique enabled 20 samples per hour to be analysed with a lower coefficient of variation (1.96%) than for a manual anthrone method (3.85%).
Cell-penetrating peptides: small from inception to application

Despite continuing advances in the development of macromolecules, including peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, for therapeutic purposes, the successful application of these hydrophilic molecules has so far been hampered by their inability to efficiently traverse the cellular plasma membrane. The discovery of a class of peptides (cell-penetrating peptides, CPPs) with the ability to mediate the non-invasive and efficient import of a whole host of cargoes, both in vitro and in vivo, has provided a new means by which the problem associated with cellular delivery can be circumvented. A complete understanding of the translocation mechanism(s) of CPPs has so far proven elusive. Initial studies indicated an ATP-independent, non-endocytotic mechanism, dependent on direct peptide–membrane interactions, making it an enticing challenge from a biophysical point of view. However, recent evidence cast doubt on many of the earlier results, and led to a re-evaluation of the translocation mechanism of CPPs. In this review a brief history of the field will be given, followed by an introduction to some of the better known and more widely used CPPs, including some of their current applications, and finally a discussion of the translocation mechanism(s) and the controversies surrounding it.
An Analysis of Flammability and Explosion Parameters of Coke Dust and Use of Preliminary Hazard Analysis for Qualitative Risk Assessment

Appropriate investments are required to achieve sustainable industrial development and safety conditions at the same time. A sufficient safety level is achieved when research outcomes are deployed in practice. This paper comprises a review of ignitability and explosive parameters and thermogravimetric tests of coke dust selected for the needs of the testing The KSt value of the tested dust was 64.2 bar·m/s, which means that it belongs to explosion hazard class 1 and that it has relatively low explosive abilities. The maximum explosion pressure for the tested dust was found to be 6.84 bar, and the minimum ignition temperature of a coke dust layer with a thickness of 50 mm was 400 °C. The use of the Preliminary Hazard Analysis in plants in which coke dust is present allows for limiting the scope of the risk analysis by eliminating elements that are either insignificant or of low significance from the viewpoint of explosion hazard. The adopted method allows qualitative assessment of the risk associated with threats, dangerous situations, and hazardous events that may take place during the use of devices, machines and their systems, and subsystems, including a qualitative evaluation of potential consequences of an accident or possible health loss. Risk assessment for life safety under building fires and explosions plays an important role in performance-based fire and explosion protection design and fire insurance ratemaking. The motivation for this work was the integrated protection of people, process equipment, building resilient infrastructure, promotion of inclusive and sustainable industrialization, business operation, and the natural environment.
Respiration of crop species under CO2 enrichment

Respiratory characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvs Gabo and WW15), mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek cv. Celera) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Sunfola) were studied in plants grown under a normal CO2 concentration and in air containing an additional 340 (or 250) μl l−1 CO2. Such an increase in global atmospheric CO2 concentration has been forecast for about the middle of the next century. The aim was to measure the effect of high CO2 on respiration and its components. Polarographic and, with wheat, CO2 exchange techniques were used. The capacity of the alternative pathway of respiration in roots was determined polarographically in the presence of 0.1 mM KCN. The actual rate of alternative pathway respiration was assessed by reduction in oxygen consumption caused by 10 mM salicylhydroxamic acid. Each species responded differently. In wheat, growth in high atmospheric CO2 was associated with up to 45% reduction in respiration by both roots and whole plants. Use of respiratory inhibitors in polarographic measurements on wheat roots implicated reduction in the degree of engagement of the alternative pathway as a major contributor to this reduced respiratory activity of high-CO2 plants. No change was found in the total sugar content per unit wheat root dry weight as a result of high CO2. In none of the species was there an increase in the absolute, or relative, contribution by the alternative pathway to total respiration of the root systems. Thus the improved photosynthetic assimilate supply of plants grown in high CO2 did not lead to increased diversion of carbon through the non-phosphorylating alternative pathway of respiration in the root. On the contrary, in wheat grown in high CO2 the reduced loss of carbon through that route must have contributed to their larger dry weight.
Soybean heat-treated using a fluidized bed

The fluidized bed technique was evaluated for treating soybeans with two purposes: drying and inactivation of heat-labile inhibitors. The effect of air temperature, soybean initial moisture and treatment time on moisture, urease activity, trypsin inhibitor activity and available lysine were determined. No inactivation was detected at 100 °C at any initial moisture content, while at 110 °C and any initial moisture level drying occurred before inactivation. At 120, 130 and 140 °C inactivation was produced before drying at 175 and 235 g/kg water content. At these temperatures, no significant losses of available lysine were detected. Consequently, soybean drying and inactivation can be performed in a single step, while maintaining nutritional value.
Conversion of soil particle size distribution and texture classification from ISSS system to FAO/USDA system in Japanese paddy soils

ABSTRACT The conversion between the two different systems, ISSS and FAO/USDA, of particle size distribution and soil texture classification is useful to characterize soil physical properties and usage of each published. The objective of this study is to test some functions that have been published for conversion from ISSS to FAO/USDA system for Japanese paddy soils and to select the best method. We tested the topsoils of 267 Japanese paddy fields using the log-linear method, log-normal method, multiple regression method, Skaggs et al.’s method, and Minasny and McBratney’s method. The least AIC was obtained using multiple regression method, and the equation derived was given as follows: siFAO/USDA = 1.305siISSS + 0.396fsISSS−0.100csISSS − 12.323 where si, fs, and cs are the percentage of silt, fine sand, and coarse sand respectively; ISSS and FAO/USDA is the fractionation system; and its RMSE was 3.1%. For the case that only the total sand content (s) is available instead of fine sand and coarse sand, the following equation was obtained: siFAO/USDA = 1.533siISSS + 0.314sISSS − 20.903 (RMSE = 3.7%) Among the non-empirical methods, the best estimation method was Skaggs et al.’s method, and its RMSE was 3.3%. The soil texture classification by FAO/USDA system using estimated particle size fractions by the above equation can be classified to correct categories. The accuracy ratio of the classification was 93-97%.
Structural and Immunocytochemical Characterization of the Walls of Dichlobenil‐Habituated BY‐2 Tobacco Cells

BY‐2 tobacco cells, grown in the presence of the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor herbicide dichlobenil (DCB), change in morphology from finely dispersed clumps and filaments to large aggregates after 6 mo. In this article, we utilize structural, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical techniques to characterize the cell wall changes that accompany the habituation of the cells to DCB. Wall structure is altered radically in the habituated cells, revealing a lamellate structure with no distinct middle lamella, even at cell junctions. Plasmodesmata traverse the cell wall by more circuitous routes than in the control cells. Habituated cells also produce unusual appositions of the wall that extend into the cytoplasm. Immunogold localization of various pectin epitopes reveals a 30‐fold‐greater density of gold particles detected in the walls of habituated cells compared to the controls and less density when the labeling of the middle lamellae is included. Antiextensin labeling was also found along the strands of pectic‐reactive material, and the density of immunogold labeling exhibits a similar increase to that for pectin. Cellulose, detected by cellulase‐gold, revealed only 2% of the reactivity of the controls, while callose detection was slightly greater compared to controls. Despite the loss of cellulose, xyloglucan is still detected, loosely associated with the strands of pectin or trapped between the pectin lamellae. Cortical microtubule arrays in habituated cells were apparently normal, despite a virtual absence of cellulose, although callose fibrils did parallel this array. These data indicate that long‐term habituation to DCB results in the production of cell walls in which a pectin‐extensin network has replaced cellulose as the major component of the cell wall. These changes have profound effects on wall ultrastructure and the gross morphology of the cultures.
A convergent FV–FE scheme for the stationary compressible Navier–Stokes equations

In this paper we prove a convergence result for a discretization of the three-dimensional stationary compressible Navier–Stokes equations assuming an ideal gas pressure law $p(\rho )=a \rho ^{\gamma }$ with $\gamma> \frac{3}{2}$. It is the first convergence result for a numerical method with adiabatic exponents $\gamma $ less than $3$ when the space dimension is 3. The considered numerical scheme combines finite volume techniques for the convection with the Crouzeix–Raviart finite element for the diffusion. A linearized version of the scheme is implemented in the industrial software CALIF3S developed by the French Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire.
The Local Exchange Trading System in France (Système d’Échange Local (SEL)): Creating a scale to measure motivations for participation in SEL practice and identification of SEL member profiles

While Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) are regularly cited in the literature on collaborative consumption, they have paradoxically rarely been studied by researchers in the field of marketing. In France, although LETS, or SELs (Systèmes d’Échanges Locaux), continue to develop, they suffer from high member turnover. This raises the question of whether the existing SELs are responding to the underlying motivations for participation in SEL practice. What is the nature of SEL member motivations? Are these motivations different from those in collaborative consumption more generally? Is it possible to measure them and thus propose SEL member profiles based on these motivations? A qualitative study of 16 SEL members and a quantitative study of 957 SEL members revealed five types of motivations and five SEL member profiles –‘the intellectual protester’, ‘the novice SEL member’, ‘the affective idealist’, ‘the pragmatic consumer’ and ‘the accomplished SEL member’. The theoretical contributions of this study include notably the importance of the ‘for intellectual enrichment’ motivation and the creation of a reliable and valid scale for measuring motivations for participating in SEL practice. The findings have consequences for SEL management teams, who will be able to use them to reduce high turnover and improve the nature of their exchange offers, the effectiveness of their internal and external communications and the recruitment of new members.
The role of the secondary plant compound 2,5‐dihydroxymethyl 3,4‐dihydroxypyrrolidine as a feeding inhibitor for insects

The cyclic amino alditol 2,5‐dihydroxymethyl 3,4‐dihydroxypyrrolidine (DM DP) has recently been shown to be an inhibitor of various glucosidases. We have investigated its role as a plant protective chemical against a range of phytophagous insects by examining its effects on development, feeding behaviour and functioning of taste receptors. We have shown that it can inhibit feeding and can be toxic. The mechanisms by which these effects are achieved are discussed in the context of the molecular structure of the compound.
Estuarine pufferfishes (Sphoeroides testudineus and S. Greeleyi) submitted to sea water dilution during ebb tide: a field experiment

The pufferfishes Spheroides testudineus and S. greeleyi are very abundant in estuaries along the Brazilian coast, with S. greeleyi restricted to areas of higher salinity than S. testudineus. Their osmoregulatory behaviour was tested with the fish inside fixed cages in the estuary, forced to endure sea water dilution during ebb tide. Fish were sampled when sallinity naturally decreased to 29.5‰, 14‰, and 4.5‰, along 5–6 hours. Plasma osmolality and chloride concentration were well regulated by the fish S. greeleyi displayed higher values than S. testudineus, and showed mortality at the lowest salinity, compatible with the ecological observation of the more frequent presence of S. testudineus in very dilute sea water.