Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edinburgh Research Explorer Shallow subsurface structure of the 2009 April 6 M-w 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake surface rupture at Paganica, investigated with ground-penetrating radar

SUMMARY The shallow subsurface structure of the 2009 April 6 M w 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake surface rupture at Paganica has been investigated with ground penetrating radar to study how the surface rupture relates spatially to previous surface displacements during the Holocene and Pleistocene. The discontinuous surface rupture stepped between en-echelon/parallel faults within the overall fault zone that show clear Holocene/Pleistocene offsets in the top 10 m of the subsurface. Some portions of the fault zone that show clear Holocene offsets were not ruptured in 2009, having been bypassed as the rupture stepped across a relay zone onto a fault across strike. The slip vectors, deﬁned by opening directions across surface cracks, indicate dip-slip normal movement, whose azimuth remained constant between 210 ◦ and 228 ◦ across the zone where the rupture stepped between faults. We interpret maximum vertical offsets of the base of the Holocene summed across strike to be 4.5 m, which if averaged over 15 kyr, gives a maximum throw-rate of 0.23–0.30 mm yr – 1 , consistent with throw-rates implied by vertical offsets of a layer whose age we assume to be ∼ 33 ka. This compares with published values of 0.4 mm yr– 1 for a minimum slip rate implied by offsets of Middle Pleistocene tephras, and 0.24 mm yr– 1 since 24.8 kyr from palaeoseismology. The Paganica Fault, although clearly an important active structure, is not slipping fast enough to accommodate all of the 3–5 mm yr– 1 of extension across this sector of the Apennines; other neighbouring range-bounding active normal faults also have a role to play in the seismic hazard.
The Inﬂuence of 24-Hour Sleep Deprivation on the Strength of Lower Limb Muscles in Young and Physically Fit Women and Men

: The aim of this study was to investigate the inﬂuence of 24-h sleep deprivation on the muscle strength of young, healthy and physically ﬁt people. The research material consisted of physical education students. In total, 67 people participated in the study, including 38 women and 29 men. Respondents were divided into an experimental group “E” of 44 persons subjected to 24-h sleep deprivation and a control group “C” of 23 persons. Students completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) measuring daytime sleepiness. Students performed measurements of the maximum strength of knee joint extensor and ﬂexor muscles. Measurements of muscle strength of ﬂexors and extensors of the knee were taken on a UPR-02 A / S chair with Moment II by Sumer software. ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to determine the signiﬁcance of di ﬀ erences between experimental “E” and control “C” group. Statistical signiﬁcance was deﬁned at the level of p ≤ 0.05. Statistically signiﬁcant di ﬀ erences were observed in the change of strength levels between groups at the strength moments of right ( p < 0.05, η 2p = 0.16) and left ( p < 0.05, η 2p = 0.08) knee muscles extensor. Changes in extensor muscle strength are signiﬁcant for students with left dominant legs.
The Impact of the Arabic Novel Zainab on the Emergence of the First Malaysian Novel Faridah Hanom

: Most literary researchers agree that the novel entitled Faridah Hanom (1926) represents the first Malaysian novel. Nevertheless, the novel has long been debated by scholars for its authenticity. As Egypt is used as its background setting throughout the novel, there seem to be some polemical arguments as to whether the novel is originally written by the author, or whether it is merely a translation of the famous Arabic novel Zainab . The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the Arabic novel Zainab on the Malaysian novel Faridah Hanom . Based on the results obtained, it is found that the Arabic novel Zainab has had a heavy impact on the emergence of the Malaysian novel Faridah Hanom , primarily in terms of theme, characterization, plot, setting and arising conflicts. As such, it seems quite plausible that the novel Zainab has inspired Malaysian writer Shiekh Sayyed Al-Hadi to adapt some of the elements into his literary work Faridah Hanom .
Biodegradation of Diphenylamine by Burkholderia sp . Strain JS 667 : 1 Pathway and Evolutionary Implications 2 3 Running Title : Biodegradation of Diphenylamine 4 5

Biodegradation of Diphenylamine by Burkholderia sp. Strain JS667: 1 Pathway and Evolutionary Implications 2 3 Running Title: Biodegradation of Diphenylamine 4 5 Kwanghee A. Shin, Jim C. Spain * 6 7 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., 8 Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0512 9 10 11 12 *Corresponding author 13 Mailing address: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of 14 Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332-0512. Phone: (404) 894-0628. Fax: (404) 89415 8266. E-mail: jspain@ce.gatech. edu 16 Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.02198-08 AEM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 27 February 2009
Solute transport in divergent radial flow with multistep pumping

An efficient approach is developed to analytically evaluate solute transport in a horizontal, divergent radial flow field with a multistep injection flow rate and an arbitrary input concentration history. By assuming a piecewise steady state flow and transforming the time domain to the cumulative injected flow domain, the concentration distribution is found to be completely determined by the total volume of injected flow and independent of specific flow rates. Thus, on the cumulative flow domain, the transport problem with a temporally varying velocity field can be transformed into a steady state flow problem. Linear convolution can then be applied on the cumulative injected flow domain to evaluate the solution for an arbitrarily time‐dependent input concentration. Solutions on the regular time domain can be conveniently obtained by mapping the solution on the cumulative injected flow domain to the time domain. Furthermore, we theoretically examine the conditions for the assumption of piecewise steady state flow to be valid. On the basis of the critical time scale of the “pseudosteady state condition,” defined as when velocity changes accomplish 99% of their steady state differences, and the relative error in the mean travel time of plume front, we obtain conditions for neglecting the transitional period between two pumping steps. Such conditions include the following: (1) the duration of a pumping step, tp, must be longer than the critical time scale, tc, i.e., tp ≥ tc = 25r2S/T, where r is the radial distance, S is the storage coefficient, and T is the transmissivity, or similarly, a maximum problem domain needs to be defined for a given pumping strategy. (2) the maximum well pumping rate, qmax, should satisfy qmax ≤ πθT/25S, where θ is the effective porosity. When both conditions are satisfied, transitional periods may be neglected.
Daycare and women’s health, social, and economic outcomes in low-and middle-income countries: Systematic review and evidence synthesis

Background Research from high-income countries suggests that increasing the availability of daycare can improve economic outcomes for mothers, but similar research from low- and middle-income countries is lacking. Methods We systematically searched databases of published and unpublished literature for studies that measured the impact of daycare provision on social, economic, and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries without language or publication date restrictions. We synthesized the evidence using both narrative review and random effects meta-analysis. Results We found 2073 studies and included 13 after applying our exclusion criteria. For a 30 percentage point increase in daycare utilization we estimate that maternal employment increased by 6 percentage points (95% conﬁdence interval: 4 to 8), but we found considerable between-study heterogeneity and evidence of effect measure modiﬁcation within studies. The impact on maternal earnings was mixed, and few studies assessed the impact of daycare on non-economic outcomes. Conclusions We found moderate but heterogeneous evidence that interventions to increase access to formal daycare increase maternal labor force participation. Future studies would beneﬁt from assessing the impact of daycare on non-economic outcomes and understanding the heterogeneity between studies.
Appropriateness and acceptability of a Tele-Yoga intervention for people with and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Qualitative a controlled

Background: Heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are highly prevalent and associated with a large symptom burden, that is compounded in a dual HF-COPD diagnosis. Yoga has potential benefit for symptom relief; however functional impairment hinders access to usual yoga classes. We developed a Tele-Yoga intervention and evaluated it in a controlled pilot trial. This paper reports on the appropriateness and acceptability of the intervention and the evaluation design. Methods: A controlled, non-randomised trial was conducted of an 8-week Tele-Yoga intervention versus an educational control (information leaflets mailed to participants with one phone call a week). Biweekly one-hour Tele-Yoga classes were implemented via multipoint videoconferencing that connected participants to live classes via an Internet connection to their televisions. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with participants post study exit to explore reasons for and experiences of participating, including views of study outcome measures and physiological tests. Transcribed interviews were analysed using thematic content analysis. Results: Fifteen people participated in the pilot study (7 in the intervention group, 8 in the control). Of these, 12 participants were interviewed, 6 in each group, mean age 71.2 years (SD 10.09); 3 were male. Themes are reported in the following categories: acceptability and appropriateness of the intervention, potential active ingredients of the intervention, acceptability and appropriateness of the control, participation in the research, and acceptability of the testing procedures. The intervention was acceptable and appropriate: the intervention group reported enjoying yoga and valuing the home-based aspect and participants described a high symptom burden and social isolation. However, technological problems resulted in poor video-streaming quality for some participants. Potential active ingredients included physical postures, breathing exercises and guidance in relaxation and meditation. The educational control intervention was acceptable and appropriate, with participants reporting little effect on their well-being and no impact on mechanisms hypothesised to explain yoga ’ s effectiveness. The questionnaires and home physiological testing were acceptable to participants. Conclusions: Tele-Yoga is an acceptable and appropriate intervention in people with HF and COPD and further research is warranted to refine the technology used in its delivery. Findings provide guidance for researchers working in tele-interventions, yoga, and similar populations.
The Predictive Value of Abnormal Positive Tone in Earnings Conference Calls

Tone in qualitative ﬁrm disclosures has increasingly caught the academic in-terest. Earnings conference calls are however a form of ﬁrm communication that largely have been overlooked in accounting research. This paper investigates the predictive properties of tone on the initial market reaction (IMR), as well as the 60 day delayed market reaction (DMR). To investigate management’s strategic use of tone, we construct a variable of abnormal positive tone, ABTONE, which is the residual of a tone model controlled for ﬁrm fundamentals. We ﬁnd that ABTONE in the preparing remark section of the earnings conference calls predicts positive abnormal returns in both the IMR and DMR windows, which indicates that managers use tone to sincerely inform investors. To test if earnings information uncertainty aﬀects the predictive value of tone, we compose a sample consisting of biotechnological and pharmaceutical ﬁrms as well as a corresponding sample with ﬁrms in more traditional industries. We ﬁnd that the predictive value of ABTONE is considerably stronger for ﬁrms with higher earnings information uncertainty.
OP-EUJC160136 539..546

OBJECTIVES: Emergent and late conversions form OFF-to-ON pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have been associated with worse outcomes, however, it remains unclear as to which risk factors are associated with conversion and how to prevent them. METHODS: Among 4718 patients who randomly underwent offor on-pump CABG, the incidence of off-pump to on-pump cross-over, or ‘OFF-to-ON conversion’, was 7.9% (186/2356). The primary outcome was a composite of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, or new renal failure requiring dialysis. We assessed the risk factors and outcomes of converted patients. RESULTS: Emergent OFF-to-ON conversions, defined as conversions for hypotension or ischaemia, were required for 3.2% of patients (n = 75), while most elective conversions were due to small or intramuscular coronaries (n = 83). OFF-to-ON converted patients required increased surgery time, blood transfusions, intensive care unit stay, and presented a higher incidence at 1 year of the composite outcome compared with non-converted off-pump patients (all P< 0.01), especially if the conversion was emergent. Conversely, elective conversions outcomes were no different compared with non-converted off-pump patients (P = 0.35). Independent predictors of emergent conversions included higher heart rate or chronic atrial fibrillation, urgent surgery, more grafts planned and surgeon experience with off-pump CABG. CONCLUSION: Emergent OFF-to-ON conversion is associated with worse outcomes compared with elective conversion or no conversion. In the presence of risk factors for emergent conversion, an early and elective conversion approach is a judicious strategy.
Prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors among orthopedic trauma patients at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Background : Orthopedic Trauma exerts a holistic influence on survivors’ physical health including a range of mental health problems that interfere with survivors’ recovery. Psychiatric disorders and behavioral disturbances are reported to be 3-5 times more common among people with injuries and are a predictor of poor outcome and ongoing disability. Assessing psychological distress among orthopedic trauma patients plays a pivotal role to implement further intervention. Methods : Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital. Hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to assess psychological distress by using face to face interview. A systematic sampling technique was used to select a total of 407participants. Data has been analyzed using SPSS 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to identify associated factors. Variables with p-value <0.05 have been considered as statistically significant. Result: prevalence of psychological distress was 35.4%. independent variables like being female (adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=1.65 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.89,3.04)), poor social support (AOR=3.51 95%CI (1.39,8.88)), moderate social support (AOR=2.75 95%CI (1.13,6.72)), having chronic medical illness (AOR=2.24 95%CI (1.16,4.32)), presence of amputation (AOR=2.90 95%CI (1.97,8.73)) and having severe pain (AOR=2.50 95%CI (1.20,5.18)) found to have significant association at p–value <0.05 with psychological distress. Conclusion and recommendation; the prevalence of psychological distress was high. Being female, having poor social support, having a chronic medical illness, the presence of amputation and having severe pain were significantly associated factors with psychological distress. It is good if clinicians give emphasis to orthopedic patients especially for females and with chronic medical illnesses.
RMHP_A_288838 3147..3157

1Department of Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gynecology, Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 4Fujian Provincial Cervical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Health Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China Purpose: The status of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in pregnant and nonpregnant women in China remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the prevalence and genotype distributions of HPV between pregnant and non-pregnant women in China. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was conducted of pregnant women during the second trimester and age-matched non-pregnant women attending the Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. Participants underwent cervical cytology testing and HPV genotyping. The genotyping test was able to identify 14 high-risk HPV (HR-HPV), four possible HR-HPV, and five low-risk HPV (LRHPV) types. Further colposcopy and a cervical biopsy were performed if indicated. The primary outcomes were HPV prevalence and genotype distribution. Results: In total, 1077 pregnant and 1077 non-pregnant women were enrolled. Compared with non-pregnant women, pregnant women had a higher prevalence of HPV (24.2% vs 14.8%), HRHPV (20.2% vs 11.7%), and LR-HPV (8% vs 4.5%) infection. In pregnant women, the most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV-52 (6.0%), -16 (3.5%), -58 (2.6%), -53 (2.5%), and -51 (2.5%), while in non-pregnant women the most prevalent genotypes were HPV-52 (3.6%), -81 (1.9%), -51 (1.8%), -68 (1.4%), and -16 (1.3%). In women aged ≥35 years, HR-HPV (P=0.002) and LR-HPV (P=0.001) prevalence were significantly higher in pregnant women. However, in women aged <35 years, only HR-HPV prevalence was higher in pregnant women. Pregnant and non-pregnant women with HPV-16 and HPV-58 infection had a high prevalence of high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HSIL) (HPV-16: P<0.001 and P=0.005, HPV-58: P=0.043 and P=0.005); but with other HR-HPV genotypes, only non-pregnant women had an increased HSIL prevalence. Conclusion: In China, the HPV prevalence is higher in pregnant women than that in nonpregnant women and is also ageand genotype-dependent. HPV-infected pregnant women aged ≥35 years and those with HPV-16 should be closely monitored to enable rapid clinical intervention.
Cities as catalysts of social change? Reflections from Zambia.

Across the world, people in urban rather than rural areas are more likely to support gender equality. To explain this global trend, this paper engages with geographically diverse literature and comparative rural-urban ethnographic research from Zambia. It argues that people living in interconnected, heterogeneous, densely populated areas are more likely to see women performing socially valued, masculine roles. Such exposure incrementally erodes gender ideologies, catalysing a positive feedback loop, and increasing flexibility in gender divisions of labour. Women in densely populated areas also tend to have greater access to health clinics and police, so are more able to control their fertility and secure external support against gender-based violence. However, the urban is not inevitably disruptive. Experiences of the urban are shaped by international and national policies, macro-economic conditions, and individual circumstances. Through this comparative ethnography, this paper contributes to literature on the drivers of change and continuity in gender ideologies.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Phthalimide Derivatives

Objective: Different Phthalimide derivatives (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-[1,2,4]triazol-4-yl]-isoindole-1,3-dione derivatives) were synthesized and biological activities of them were evaluated. Materials and Methods: In the present study, four new phthalimide derivatives were synthesized. The structures of final compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral data. Then, biological evaluation of all the synthesized compounds means in vivo anticancer activity was evaluated on the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice model, and in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Results: The titled compounds (2A-2D) were found to reduce tumor volume, viable cell count and increase non-viable cell count, and percentage increase in life span. All compounds showed significant activity in quenching DPPH free radical. Conclusion: All compounds showed significant ( P <0.01) anticancer activity compared to EAC control group. All synthesized compound exhibited considerable antioxidant activity against free radicals, and they showed significant IC 50 values and can, thus, ensure protection against oxidative stress.
Assessment of Patients Misunderstanding Regarding Dosage Regimen Instructions at Nekemte Referral Hospita, Ethiopia

Patient misunderstanding of dosage regimen instructions is common and a potential root cause for medication error, poor medication adherence and treatment outcome. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the extent of misunderstanding of dosage regimen instructions among ambulatory patients from June-August, 2017. Cross sectional study was utilized. Study subjects were selected by random sampling technique and interviewed face to face at exit site of the outpatient pharmacy using structured questionnaire. Direct observations of the medication label were also done to evaluate the drug labeling practices of pharmacy professionals. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the percentages and number of distributions of variables. Chi square test of independence was used to assess association of outcome variables with independent variables with a significance value of less than 0.05. A total of 398 patients were included in the study of which 62.8% were females. About 34% of the respondents were found to be in the age range of 25 to 34 years. This study revealed that 288(72.36%) of the study participants misunderstood one or more dosage regimen instructions, and 269(67.59%) of the subjects had also misunderstood the frequency of drug administration. Moreover, from medication label observations, 270(67.84%), were dispensed without a medication label. Misunderstanding of dosage regimen instructions was significantly associated with age, educational level and residence. The extent of patients misunderstanding of dosage regimen instructions is relatively higher. Health care providers should work on advising the patient related to rational use of medication.