Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward Understanding the Bitterness of Dry-Hopped Beer

The impact on analytical and sensory bitterness of hop acids and hop-derived polyphenols resulting from dry-hopping in beer was investigated using a pilot-scale dry-hopping study and a commercial dry-hop survey. The pilot-scale dry-hopping study utilized a trained sensory panel to quantify increases in bitterness caused by dry-hopping an unhopped ale at different dosing rates (0–16 g/L) and exposure times (0–72 h). The International Bitterness Unit (IBU) and a range of hop acids and polyphenols were measured in the dry-hopped beer to determine which specific bitter hop components may have been responsible for dry-hopping bitterness. The commercial survey examined the bitter acids and polyphenol chemistry of 15 different commercial beers, pre- and post-dry-hopped, brewed by Pacific Northwest breweries. Although iso-α-acids (IAA) were the main contributor to beer bitterness, humulinones (oxidized α-acids) and polyphenols were also potentially significant contributors to bitterness, particularly in heavily dry-hopped beer. The increase in beer bitterness (IBU) as a result of dry-hopping was attributed to humulinone extraction and, in some cases, polyphenol extraction. The commercial survey noted a decrease in the total IAA concentrations as a result of dry-hopping in a majority of the samples tested, indicating that the dry-hopping process may remove IAA from beer.
Aqueous two-phase systems applied to the extraction of syringaldehyde and vanillin from eucalyptus wood residues

This work examines the recovery of phenolic compounds through the autohydrolysis of eucalyptus wood residues. The hydrolysis of pin chips was carried out using hot water under different conditions. This treatment was capable of extracting xylosaccharides, phenols, furfural (FUR), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and acetic acid (AAc). The highest phenolic contents were attained at 160 °C and 110 minutes, where total phenolic compounds (TPC) reached 1.33% gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and syringaldehyde (SA) and vanillin (VAN) were at 0.01% each, in pin chips dry basis (d.b.). The capacity to extract phenolic compounds from pin chip hydrolysate through aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) based on PEG 2000 and sodium citrate was demonstrated. High extraction efficiency was obtained (99.8% for the TPC, 82.3% for the SA, 94.9% for the VAN, 89.3% for the FUR and 70.9% for the AAc). The recovery of sugars in the bottom phase was 58.4%.
Responsiveness processes and daily experiences of shared reality among romantic couples

Shared reality (SR) is the experience of having an inner state believed to be shared by others. Dyadic responsiveness has been suggested to be a critical process in SR construction. The present study tested the extent to which SR varies in the daily lives of romantic partners and whether this variability is related to responsiveness processes. We predicted that disclosure of personal events to one’s partner as well as perceived partner enacted responsiveness would be associated with daily levels of SR. We further predicted that these associations would be more pronounced when one has low epistemic certainty with respect to the disclosed event. To test these hypotheses, daily diaries were collected from 76 cohabiting romantic couples for a period of 4 weeks. Participants reported the occurrence of daily personal positive and negative events, indicated whether they had disclosed these events to their partner, and described how their partner had responded. As predicted, the disclosure of positive and negative events, as well as the perceptions of partners’ constructive responses to these disclosures, were positively associated with daily SR. A significant interaction was found between epistemic uncertainty (i.e., low perceived social consensus) and responsiveness processes in the context of negative (but not positive) events; specifically, when participants experienced low certainty, the disclosure of the event and the perceived partner’s constructive response were more strongly associated with SR.
INVERSE SOURCE PROBLEMS FOR COUPLED PARABOLIC SYSTEMS USING MEASUREMENTS OF ONE SCALAR STATE–PART I: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

This paper is devoted to the study of inverse source problems for coupled systems of heat equations with constant or spatial–dependent coupling terms and whose internal measurements involve a reduced number of observed states. The analysis is developed for three kind of systems: the first one consists of parabolic equations with zero order coupling terms (or the so–called non–self–adjoint matrix potential) and whose possibly space–dependent coefficients. The second one consists of parabolic equations with coupling in the diffusion matrix. For these kinds of systems we establish source reconstruction formulas using internal measurements of one scalar state. The last one obeys the case of coupled nonlinear systems of heat equations, where a Lipschitz–type stability is proven for the spatial factor in the source term using observation data on an arbitrary fixed sub–domain related to only one scalar state. In all configurations the source is decomposed in separate variables, where the temporal part is known and scalar, whereas the spatial dependence is an unknown vector field. This work builds on previous methodologies for the recovery of source in scalar equations and Stokes fluids, thus expanding the field to include coupled systems of second order parabolic equations.
BIOCIDAL PROPERTIES OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) with antibacterial properties represent a promising alternative approach to antibiotics, whose overuse has led to the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria. This article addresses particularly copper (Cu) nanoparticles since Cu is a structural constituent of many enzymes in living microorganisms. In addition, Cu has a better antibacterial effect and minimal cost compared to silver. The properties of Cu nanoparticles are described here: antibactericide, toxicity mechanisms, oxidation, and copper oxide biocompatibility for medical applications. Along with the advantages of Cu nanoparticles, the nanotoxicity still remains to take into consideration such as in targetting different bacteria strains, bacteria’s resistance, the effect of size, the effect of NP chemical composition, the effect of oxidation, and the corona phenomenon effect. The methodology of Cu nanoparticles synthesis, related to the biocidal effect, is illustrated by some limitations and some breakthrough such as chitosan stabilizer (CS), laser ablation, plasma induction, and flow-levitation method (FL). Although Cu nanoparticles are beneficial for bacterial elimination, these nanoparticles are graded harmful to the human body and the environment because of their toxic effects. Thus, it requires further improvement and further investigation to create super antibacterial Cu nanoparticles, to develop some interesting research work around this subject, and to reveal some promising medical findings.
Case Series of Filicide: Killing Own Child and Drug Abuse

Substantial newspaper articles have highlighted the seriousness of filicide or parental child killing in Malaysia. Filicide stems from various interrelated factors and one of the critical but seldom discussed is drug abuse. This study aimed to illustrate the process of how drug abuse could lead to filicide in this country. Data collection involved review of two documents i) forensic psychiatric records from two main psychiatric institutions and ii) transcripts of individual face-to-face interviews with women convicted of filicide incarcerated in five female divisions of prisons in Malaysia. Data was then analysed using thematic analysis to identify the process of how drug abuse has lead to filicide. Drug abuse linked directly or indirectly to filicide. Abusing drug associated with domestic violence and Journal of Media and Information Warfare Vol. 9, 45-62, June 2017
A technique for the measurement of organic aerosol hygroscopicity, oxidation level, and volatility distributions

Hygroscopicity, oxidation level, and volatility of organic pollutants are three crucial properties that determine their fate in the atmosphere. This study assesses the feasibility of a novel measurement and analysis technique to determine these properties of organic aerosol components at the same time and to establish their relationship. The proposed experimental setup utilizes a cloud condensation nuclei counter to quantify hygroscopic activity, an aerosol mass spectrometer to measure the oxidation level, and a thermodenuder to evaluate the volatility. The setup was first tested with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the ozonolysis of α-pinene. The results of the first experiments indicated that, for this system, the less volatile SOA contained species that had on average lower O : C ratios and hygroscopicities. In this SOA system, both low and high volatility components can have comparable oxidation levels and hygroscopicities. The method developed here can be used to provide valuable insights about the relationships among organic aerosol hygroscopicity, oxidation level, and volatility.
Influences of Caregiving on Development: A Sensitive Period for Biological Embedding of Predictability and Safety Cues

Across species, caregivers exert a powerful influence on the neural and behavioral development of offspring. Increasingly, both animal and human research has highlighted specific patterns in caregivers’ behavior that may be especially important early in life, as well as neurobiological mechanisms linking early caregiving experiences with long-term affective behavior. Here we delineate evidence for an early sensitive period during infancy and toddlerhood when caregiver inputs that are predictable and associated with safety may become biologically embedded via influences on corticolimbic circuitry involved in emotion regulation. We propose that these caregiver signals prime corticolimbic circuitry to be receptive to later stage-specific caregiver influences, such as caregivers’ external regulation of children’s emotional reactivity. Following adversity that disrupts the predictability and safety associated with caregivers during this sensitive period, accelerated maturation of children’s corticolimbic circuitry may foreshorten the protracted period of plasticity and caregiver influence that is characteristic of humans. This work has implications for both prevention and intervention efforts targeting children exposed to adversity early in life.
Using Bayesian Updating to Enhance 2001 NHTS Kentucky Sample Data for Travel Demand Modeling

The utility of 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) Kentucky standard and add-on samples is investigated in this paper for statewide and county/small urban area travel demand modeling. The weaknesses of the KY standard sample for deriving trip rates and average trip lengths are identified, which include greater uncertainty caused by small sample size and suspiciously low trip rates for urban clusters. It is shown that the Kentucky add-on sample can be used to enhance the Kentucky standard sample for developing trip rates and average trip lengths. Combining the two samples using Bayesian updating resulted in improvements in trip rates and average trip lengths. Mei, Bostrom, Cooney 2
Cohesion in the Narrative Writing of Young EFL Learners: Correct and Incorrect Use of Local Cohesive Ties

This study examines the correct and incorrect use of local cohesive ties and local cohesion errors in the written narratives of elevento twelve-year-old Spanish learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at different proficiency levels. The study was carried out with pairs who collaboratively wrote a narrative text in response to a picture prompt. The young learners’ written texts were examined to identify their correct and incorrect use of four categories: lexical, referential, conjunctive and temporal cohesion. The results show that higher and lower proficiency learners are significantly different in their use of the causal conjunction because, personal pronouns and noun phrases containing possessive, definite, indefinite and zero determiners. The two groups also differ in their incorrect use of pronouns, simple verb forms and noun phrases containing definite, indefinite and zero determiners. Attention is drawn to the need to explore the diversity in young learners’ use of cohesion and some pedagogical implications are drawn.
Task Autocorrection for Immersive Teleoperation

Teleoperating robotic arms is a challenging task that requires years of training to master. It is mentally demanding, as the operator must internally compute transformations, or rely on muscle memory, to perform even the simplest tasks. Alternative methods that rely on embodiment –the immersive, first person experience of controlling the robot from its point of view are recently becoming more popular, thanks to the emergence of mixed reality devices. These methods create an intuitive experience by tracking the users motions, and retargetting them to the robot. However, even recent hardware fails at achieving total immersion, due to inherent discrepancies such as latency, imperfect tracking, and the differences between human and robot motor systems. Thus, performing even simple pick-and-place tasks with these systems, while more intuitive, is still cumbersome, and far from the level of human performance.In this paper we propose an immersive system that aims to bridge this gap. The system tracks the user’s motion and retargets them to the robot as usual, but it also detects the user’s intent, that is, the task they wish to perform. Based on this knowledge, the system can autocorrect the motion when it is about to fail, in a seamless manner, such that the task is successfully performed. We evaluate the efficacy of our autocorrection system in a user study. The results show a statistically significant performance improvement in terms of operation accuracy and time.
EMPOWERMENT OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PREVENTION EARLY-AGE MARRIAGE IN GUNUNG

This research aims to analyze the process of empowerment done toward the junior high school students in prevention early-age marriage in Gunung Kidul district. This research is qualitative research with case study approach single trick. Technique of collecting data in this research are interviewing, observation, and documentation. Technique of analyzing data in this research is using interactive model such as implementing analyzing data which consist of data reduction component, data presentation, making conclusion, and verifying interactively and interconnected during and after data collecting. This research result show, 1) socialization is early stage of students’ empowerment to give the understanding toward students and in this stage emphasized in order to students more focus on the education and their future. 2) youth coaching is implemented as a stage growing and developing the will to take a part in empowerment process, however in this stage students and parents feel unwilling to implement the coaching due to less precise of their mind set. 3) group formation in society is aimed to give supervision and as a place having activities for teenager, but the indicator of usefulness and group supervision which is not definite caused some groups has no function anymore and the contribution of group existence in prevention early-age marriage is not really visible. 4) the process of empowerment of junior high school students in prevention early-age marriage in Gunung Kidul District is not running perfectly as the process of general empowerment due to there are still many obstacles faced dan unperfect stages.
On the expansion dynamics of plasma plume produced by laser ablation of LiYF4 crystal in a helium atmosphere

The effect of helium ambient gas on the expansion dynamics of plasma plume produced by ablating the LiYF4 crystal with 355 nm laser pulses is investigated. To study the expansion dynamics, the time-resolved optical signals from the plume constituents, either neutral or ionized, were recorded as a function of various experimental parameters, including laser fluency, at different distances, d, from the target along the expansion direction of the plume and at various angles with reference to the target normal. The analysis of the plume constituents at different distances from the target was used to derive the expansion velocities of the species. Depending on the species and on d, the shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution component of the fit gave the values of the expansion velocities in the range 1.0 × 104 m s−1–4.0 × 104 m s−1. The effect of laser fluency on the expansion velocities of the plume species was also investigated. With the exception of Y and Y+, the expansion velocities of all the plume species, increased linearly with increasing laser fluency up to ∼8 J cm−2. Beyond this value, a saturation regime is observed. The angular distribution of the plume constituents in 1 Pa of He evidenced that all the plume species were focused along the target normal, and the FWHM of the angular distribution curve resulted reduced when compared with the vacuum.
Research on Flower Image Classification Algorithm Based on Convolutional Neural Network

The fast progress of deep learning makes Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) emerges at the historic moment, and as an important achievement, it has been extensively used in all sorts of fields. Compared with traditional machine learning, CNN has more advantages, on the one hand, it has more hidden layers and complex network structure, and on the other hand, it has a stronger ability of feature learning and feature expression. With the fast progress of computer technology, the application research of fast and accurate recognition and classification of flowers by obtaining flower images through mobile devices has received extensive attention. The flowers images collected under natural conditions have large background interference, and it is difficult to recognize flowers because of their inter-class similarity and intra-class diversity. Therefore, in view of the lack of flower image data and low classification accuracy, t he experi m ent sorted out the data sets of four kinds of flowers, and used the CNN to classify the images. Compared with the traditional approaches, the classification precision can be largely enhanced.
Ethnobotanical survey on medicinal plants (Carica papaya L. and Agelanthus dodoneifolius (DC.) Polhill & Wiens) used in the treatment of Hepatitis in Burkina Faso, phytochemistry and antioxidant activity

Hepatitis are pathologies of various etiologies affecting millions persons and the management by modern medicines still faces many difficulties. Our study aimed to make a repertory of medicinal plants used in the treatment of hepatitis in the Urbans areas of Bobo-Dioulasso, Dédougou and Fada N'Gourma followed by the phytochemical quantification and antioxidant activity of the most cited ones. We conducted an ethnobotanical survey among traditional Heath practitioners in the three studied locations to achieve this objective. Methanolic extracts of the plant organs were obtained using an extractor apparatus. Polyphenolic compounds contents quantification was done by spectrophotometry using Follin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum trichloride. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by three methods (ABTS●+, DPPH●, FRAP) and the reading of optical densities was performed with the spectrophotometer. A total of, 101 traditional healers were interviewed and 52 species were inventoried as being used in hepatitis care in the three localities. Among the species regularly cited in the different localities were Carica papaya (8%) and Agelanthus dodoneifolius (13%), and these two species were selected for the further investigation. Among the parts of plants most used there are roots (45%). Phytochemical investigations of C. papaya and A. dodoneifolius revealed that the best polyphenolic compound content was obtained by the unripe seeds of C. papaya with respectively 14.06±0.68 mg EAG and 4.37±0.57 mg EQ for 100 mg of extract. A. dodoneifolius extract was given the best antioxidant activity on ABTS●+ radical inhibition method with 9279.19±416.37 µmol EAA/g. All these activities could partially justify the use of screened species in the traditional treatment of hepatitis.
Human Capital and Structural Transformation-The Atypical Case of India

India’s structural transformation has taken an unusual path wherein the productivity and wages in services are higher and growing relative to manufacturing, and yet employment is increasing faster in manufacturing. Two facts indicate that this is not a result of barriers to reallocation of labor. (1) Any costs created by pro-labor laws, previously cited as the main factor underlying stagnant manufacturing, are swamped by the excess supply of labor. (2) Mincerian sectoral returns to human capital explain majority of the wage-gap between sectors. We provide evidence and develop a model to argue that low levels of human capital, due to costly skill accumulation, force workers to flow faster into the less skill-intensive manufacturing sector. JEL Classifications: L24, O11, O41
LOWER DEVONIAN ALLUVIAL FAN SEDIMENTATION IN SOUTHWEST WALES

The Ridgeway Conglomerate Formation (RCF) crops out exclusively on the Pembroke peninsula (Fig. 1) in southwest Wales. It has been studied extensively (DIXON 1921, ALLEN 1974a, b, WILLIAMS 1964, 1971) yet its age and source area is still enigmatic. The objective of this paper is to review the existing literature and to suggest a source area, a palaeoclimate and a depositional model. ANN. REP. OF THE GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF HUNGARY, 1994–1995/II: 135–146. (2000)
A comparative study of physical fitness status between regular and summer in-service sport science female students: The case of Wollo University

The study was conducted to compare the physical fitness status of regular and summer in service Sport Science Female Students of Wollo University in the year 2017/2018. As a subject of the study the researcher selected 50 female participants, half of them were from regular Sport Science students and the rest half were students from summer in service Sport Science program. The researcher used purposive sampling technique to select the Subjects. The study used a standardized instrument of American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) (1976, 1980), (2010), there were 4 activities in field tests: 1 mile run cooper test, 50m run test, vertical jump test and standing broad jump test. To assess the significant differences of their physical fitness status, independent t-test was applied. The findings of this study reveal that there are statistically significant differences between regular and summer female students considering age, weight, height, BMI, endurance, vertical jump performance and broad jump performance as a parameter, though some insignificant differences were observed on their speed performance. Based on the analysis made, regular students were found to be good at endurance and explosive muscular power compared with summer in-service students. On the basis of the above narration, the researcher recommended that the University should organize fitness test programs and design the possible means by which those in-service trainees can get access on their job sites; whereas, it has to do more on female regular students so as to progress their physical fitness performance to an excellent level. Moreover, it is found to be advisable if students start physical training during their school age so that they can be fit throughout their life.