Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of atomic excited states in laboratory plasmas and a study in fine structure diagnostics for far infra-red astrophysical observations

This dissertation has a focus on the role of atomic excited states in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. The emphasis is on systems for which perturbation theory is not expected to produce accurate results. The work includes new electron-impact excitation and ionization data for C, which is used to produce density and temperature dependent generalized collisional radiative coefficients that can be used for C II spectral diagnostics and C impurity transport. We compare excitation and ionization cross sections with existing calculations and experimental results finding reasonable agreement (within ∼10–15%) for the transitions involving the lower excited states. However, for transitions involving highly excited states (n > 3) the existing electron-impact excitation rate data are from perturbative plane-wave Born calculations and the results from our non-perturbative approach differ greatly. This leads to differences with the currently used ADAS excitation rate coefficients that can be larger than a factor of 10 for these higher n-shells. The issue of final state resolution for C excited state ionization is also explored, and evidence is presented that some excited states are unable to ionize directly to the ground term of C, instead ionizing to the C metastable term. Additionally, we show that the non-perturbative R-Matrix method can resolve both the initial and the final metastable states in the ionization cross sections. For instance, ionization from the 1s2s2p(P ) term of C has a ∼30% peak contribution from the direct ionization to the ground term of C, ∼20% peak contribution from the direction ionization to the metastable term of C, and ∼50% contribution from the indirect (excitation-autoionization) processes. Resolution of these final states has significant consequences for impurity transport modeling in laboratory fusion experiments and astrophysical spectroscopy. The dissertation presents an overview of
Vaccine Acceptance among Adults in Jalingo

Vaccine acceptance is crucial to containing the most raging viral infections ravaging the world today. The COVID-19 vaccine is not an exception to this. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is an issue of great concern all over the world, Nigeria inclusive; considering the manner the disease, COVID-19 ravaged the world, crumbled economies, and almost overwhelmed the healthcare delivery of every country. A cross-sectional study was adopted to determine the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among adults aged 18-55 in Jalingo. The study was carried out among 420 Jalingo adult residents between June and November 2022. The pretested questionnaires were self-administered and collected on the spot. The results revealed that 61.1% of the adults in Jalingo accepted the COVID-19 vaccine. However, 61(33%) and 98(41.7%) of the male and female respondents, respectively, accepted it. While 13(68.40%),6(50%), 39(50.60%) and 101(32.40%) respondents of the age groups 46-55, 36-45, 26-35 and 18-25, respectively, accepted the vaccine, 11(78.60%) secondary school leavers, 4 (44.4%) and 68(33.20%) tertiary and primary school leavers accepted the vaccine. In the same vein, 76(39.60%) of the respondents who had no formal education (NFE) accepted the vaccine. However, factors like giving incentives, making the vaccine compulsory, providing substantial information on the vaccine, and making health professionals recommend it can influence the acceptance of the vaccine. The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among adults in Jalingo was moderate. However, this acceptance rate can be improved upon if the encouraging factors are detected and efficiently utilised.
Inconsistent Coral Bleaching Risk Indicators Between Temperature Data Sources

Coral reefs are facing severe threats and are at risk of accelerated decline due to climate change‐induced changes in their environment. Ongoing efforts to understand the mechanisms of coral response to warming rely on multiple sources of temperature data. Yet, it remains uncertain whether the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data used for coral reef studies are consistent among different data products, despite potential implications for conservation. A better understanding of the consistency among the different SST data applied to coral reefs may facilitate the fusion of data into a standard product. This will improve monitoring and understanding of the impact of global warming on coral reefs. Four types of SST data across North‐Western and South‐Western Australia are compared to assess their differences and ability to observe high thermal stress during historical coral bleaching events. The four SST data sources included those derived from Global Circulation Models, NOAA CoralTemp SST product, ESA CCI SST product, and coral core derived SST. Coral bleaching risk indicators, Degree Heating Week (DHW), and Degree Heating Month (DHM) were calculated using these sources and compared for consistency. DHW and DHM were inconsistent among data sets and did not accurately reflect high thermal stress metrics during moderate and severe bleaching events. Some reefs did not experience bleaching in spite of high DHWs and DHMs, suggesting a mismatch in data scales, or perhaps other oceanographic factors and coral adaptation. By exploring the differences and similarities among these four data sources, this study highlights the need to compare existing indicators of thermal stress from different data sets.
Gender Perspective: Independent Learning of Generation Z in Online Learning

Independence in learning is a prerequisite for the implementation of basic online learning which is still a problem in itself, especially among the Z generation whether it is male or female, even though gender is one of the influencing factors in the process of developing learning independence. This study aims to analyze the learning independence of Generation Z in participating in online learning based on gender. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The population is students across study programs and faculties with a total sample of 70 students consisting of 35 male students and 35 female students. The sample was taken using the snowball sampling technique. Collecting data using online survey techniques with online questionnaire instruments (google form) scale 5. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive techniques in the form of percentages. Based on the research, it shows that the mean score of learning independence for male students is 3.74, while female students are 3.84 with a significant difference value of 0.031. From these data it can be concluded that there are differences in the learning independence of Generation Z in terms of gender, this can be seen from the aspects of indicators of self-confidence, disciplined behavior, attitude of responsibility, initiative attitude and self-control attitude possessed by both sexes during follow online learning. The implication of this research is that generation Z becomes able to evaluate themselves about the picture of their learning independence.
Metabolic Abnormalities, Inflammatory Markers and Endothelial Dysfunction in Hyperprolactinemia due to Prolactinoma before and after Normalization of Serum Prolactin: A Prospective Case Control Study

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation which may promote endothelial dysfunction (EnD). Limited work has been done on EnD in prolactinomas and we, therefore, studied serum markers of inflammation and EnD in patients with prolactinomas before and after treatment with dopamine agonists. Methodology: Fifty-six treatment naïve patients with prolactinomas and fifty-three (apparently healthy age and sex-matched) controls were enrolled in the study and subjected to clinical assessment and laboratory investigations including blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea, creatinine, uric acid, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and markers of EnD i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Patients were treated with a dopamine agonist (cabergoline) and parameters (like ESR, hsCRP, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1) were measured at 12 weeks. Results: The majority of the patients (84%) were female, more than half (52%) had metabolic syndrome and over a third (36%) were obese. Blood glucose fasting, HbA1c, lipid fractions, ESR, hsCRP, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Median ICAM-1 was 1331.95 ng/ml (IQR 803.43-1825.99) in patients vs 753.04 ng/ml (IQR 402.04-871.55) in controls, P < 0.001 and median VCAM-1in patients was 971.35 ng/ml (IQR 695.03-1285.23) as against 634.56 ng/ml (IQR 177.49-946.50) in controls, p0.001. Serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 correlated positively with hsCRP. On multivariate regression analysis, serum hsCRP was the only significant predictor of change in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Normalization of serum PRL with CAB resulted in a significant decrease in metabolic parameters, ESR, hsCRP, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia because of prolactinoma is associated with EnD secondary to systemic inflammation and metabolic abnormalities which improve after treatment with DA.
Suicidal Behaviour among School-Going Adolescents in Saint Lucia: Analysis of Prevalence and Associated Factors

Suicide poses a debilitating threat to adolescents’ lives worldwide. Although suicide prevention efforts are evident globally, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and correlations of suicidal behaviour among school-going adolescents in Saint Lucia. We used a dataset from the 2018 Global School-based Student Health Survey to examine the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour among 1864 students from schools in Saint Lucia. Prevalence rates of 25.5%, 22.1%, and 17.5% were found for suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt, respectively. After adjusting for other factors, being male and having understanding parents were protective against suicidal behaviour. However, suicidal ideation was predicted by being physically attacked and bullied, parental guidance, tobacco use, loneliness, and worry. Moreover, being a victim of physical attacks and bullying, having close friends, being lonely, and worrying were predictive of making suicidal plans among adolescents. Attempting suicide was predicted by cigarette smoking, current use of tobacco and related products, bullying, having close friends, being lonely, and worrying. School-based preventive interventions are required to help address triggers of suicidal behaviour among adolescents in Saint Lucia and to help attain the targets for suicide prevention in the global Sustainable Development Goals.
Perception of Tertiary Students on Code-Switching Advertisement

This study aimed to look at the effects of code-switching in advertising. Descriptive-analytic research was used to ascertain how Indonesian tertiary students see code-switched internet advertising. Data from university students (N = 100) in Indonesia were gathered using a questionnaire as the study's tool. Once the data had been collected, it was computerised, and the descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) were used to tabulate it. According to the research, most tertiary students in Indonesia believed that code-switched online advertisements had a more significant influence than monolingual advertisements. Since the code-switched commercial was original, appealing, not confusing, easily intelligible, and didn't obliterate the Indonesian language, it has stayed in their minds and had a favourable impact. Additionally, most respondents concurred that code-switched internet adverts persuaded them to purchase the supplied goods. As a result, code-switched advertising favours Indonesia's online business environment since it is a very innovative, effective, and helpful method for developing marketing expertise.
New Paradigm of Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in Schools

Responding to changing times and evaluating the 2013 Curriculum, the Government implemented the Merdeka Belajar to improve human resources and the quality of education. This study aims to describe the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum at school. The research method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with metal synthetic data analysis techniques. This study concludes that the change from the 2013 Curriculum to the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum was caused by several factors, including the quality of human resources, changing times, and the evaluation results of the 2013 Curriculum. Furthermore, the framework for designing the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum is one of the four curriculum options that can be adopted by educational units in the context of learning recovery. The need for implementing this curriculum is due to several advantages, including being simpler and more in-depth, more independent; and more relevant and interactive. However, in implementation, several obstacles were encountered, namely, the teacher's understanding of the curriculum and teacher competence in using technology.
Implementation of STEAM in Preschool as a 21st-Century Learning Innovation

STEAM in the world of education is no stranger. Many countries in the world have implemented learning using this approach. STEAM is considered to influence learning because STEAM is a combination of several sciences that become one unit. One of the benefits of learning STEAM is that children are taught to be able to solve the problems they are facing. The use of technology that is very supportive makes this one of the supporting factors. The research method used in this study was qualitative, with a sample of 12 children aged 4-5 years who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research was conducted at Sungai Rumbai Kindergarten IB in Jorong Kampung Baru. This study aimed to see the implementation of STEAM in Preschool as a 21st Century Learning Innovation. Data collection techniques used non-test techniques obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation obtained from class teachers. The study results show that STEAM has been implemented in TK IB Sungai Rumbai through various activities.
New Hydrolyzable Tannin with Potent Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity from Black Tea Produced from Camellia taliensis

Camellia taliensis (W. W. Smith) Melchior, belonging to the genus Camellia sect. Thea. , is mainly distributed from northern Myanmar to western and southwestern Yunnan province of China, and its leaves have been used to make various teas by the locals of its growing regions. The chemical constituents of C. taliensis are significantly related to those of cultivated tea plants, C. sinensis and C. sinensis var. assamica. The HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of black tea prepared from the leaves of C. taliensis showed a rich existence of polyphenols. Further comprehensive chemical study led to the separation and recognition of 32 compounds (1–32), including one new hydrolyzable tannin, 1-O-galloyl-4,6-tetrahydroxydibenzofurandicarboxyl-β-D-glucopyranose (1), and one new natural product (24). The known compounds referred to seven hydrolyzable tannins (2–8), 10 flavonols and glycosides (9–18), and 14 simple phenolics (19–32). Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. Among them, 20 compounds (2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 15, 17, 18, 20–22, 24–32) were isolated from black tea for the first time. Most isolates displayed obvious antioxidant activities on DPPH and ABTS+ assays, and the hydrolyzable tannins 1, 3–5, 7, and 8 exhibited stronger inhibitory activities on α-glycosidase than quercetin and acarbose (IC50 = 5.75 and 223.30 μM, respectively), with IC50 values ranging from 0.67 to 2.01 μM.
Utilizing lesson study in teaching synthetic division for procedural fluency in a post-pandemic classroom

Rigid planning, implementation, and evaluation of the learning activities has proved crucial in reflective teaching practice, especially in collaboration through a lesson study. This study was conducted in the Philippine post-pandemic context with the aim of using lesson study to improve lesson delivery in a HyFlex classroom setup in teaching synthetic division for procedural fluency. Participants included four collaborating full-time teachers and an intact class of twenty-two online and seventeen in-person learners. Research instruments were a self-assessment tool, classroom observation, and a focus group discussion. Most students could perform synthetic division but some failed to achieve procedural fluency due to poor prior knowledge in performing operations on real numbers and arranging terms in descending order of degree, and inadequate understanding of the concepts behind the algorithm. These findings underscore the importance of striking a balance between procedural fluency and conceptual understanding in a lesson. The challenges in conducting lesson study were difficulty in scheduling and conducting online meetings. The challenges in implementing the research lesson were intermittent and weak internet connection, HyFlex learning classroom management, and getting students to express their mathematical ideas. On the basis of these findings, the research lesson is then revised and improved for future implementation.
Stochastic Orders in Terms of Laplace Transforms

Recently s-FR and s-ST orderings have been defined in the literature. They are more general in the sense that most of the earlier known partial orderings reduce as particular cases of these orderings. Moreover, these orderings have helped in defining new and useful ageing criterion. In this paper, using Laplace transform, we characterize, by means of necessary and sufficient conditions. the property that two life distributions are ordered in the s-FR and s-ST sense. The characterization of LR, FR, MR, VR, STand HAMR orderings follow as particular cases.
Increasing sperm production and improving cryosurvival of semen in aged Thai native roosters as affected by selenium supplementation

Objective Aging roosters typically exhibit subfertility with decreasing semen quality, furthermore Thai native roosters reared in rural areas are raised for a longer duration than their usual lifespan. The present study therefore aimed to assess the effect of selenium supplementation as an antioxidative substance in diets to improve the semen cryopreservation of aged roosters. Methods Semen samples were collected from young (n = 20) and aged (n = 20) Thai native roosters (Pradu Hang Dum) at 36 and 105 weeks of age when starting the experiment, respectively. They were fed diets either non-supplemented or supplemented with selenium (0.75 ppm). Fresh semen quality and lipid peroxidation of fresh semen was evaluated before cryopreservation using the traditional liquid nitrogen vapor method. Post-thaw sperm quality and fertility potential were determined. Results Advancing age is unrelated to decreasing fresh semen quality (p>0.05). However, lipid peroxidation in rooster semen depended on age, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased in aged roosters (p<0.05). Selenium supplementation in diets significantly decreased the MDA concentration and increased the sperm concentration (p<0.05). In contrast, cryopreserved semen was affected by advancing rooster age, and selenium influenced sperm quality (p<0.05). Younger roosters had higher post-thaw sperm quality and fertility potential than aged roosters (p<0.05). Likewise, diet selenium supplements improved post-thaw sperm quality and fertility compared with the non-supplement group. Conclusion Rooster’s age does not influence the rooster sperm quality of fresh semen, while sperm cryotolerance and fertility were greater in young roosters than in aged roosters. However, sperm of aged roosters could be improved by dietary selenium supplementation.
A Study on The Disease Pattern and Outcome in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Tertiary Care Hospital of Andhra Pradesh

Background: There was very scanty data available regarding the neonatal morbidity and mortality patterns in NICU. Hence, the current study aimed to document and analyze the disease pattern, and outcome in neonates admitted in NICU of tertiary care center. Subjects and Method: A prospective observational study was conducted at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of SVRRGGH, Tirupati from September 2014 to August 2015. A total of 2287 newborns were admitted who met selection criteria. All neonate’s demographics, clinica l profile, and outcome were analyzed. Results: From a total of 2287 newborns, 71.7% were delivered vaginally, 56.05% were male, 38.0% were <2500 g, and 48.02% were preterm babies. The neonatal deaths consisted of 448 (19.58%) newborns; 71.98% of whom pre-term babies, 80.8% of whom birth weight >2.5kg, 23.2% of whom out born, and majority died before 7 days of age. Neonatal sepsis (30.65%) is the most common cause of death followed by birth asphyxia hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in 29.04%, hyaline membrane disease (11.03%), neonatal jaundice (9.68%), meconium aspiration syndrome (7.69%), hemorrhagic disease of newborn (1.68%), and congenital malformations (2.79%). There was a statistical association observed between neonatal death and gender (p= 0.023); neonatal death and mode of admission; neonatal death and gestational age (p <0.001); neonatal death and birth Weight (p< 0.001). Conclusion: current study identified preterm, low birth weight, neonatal sepsis, birth asphyxia, Hyaline membrane disease as major causes of morbidity and Neonatal sepsis, Hyaline Membrane Disease, and HIE as the major contributors to the neonatal mortality. Improving antenatal care, maternal health checkup and timely referral of high risk cases to tertiary care centers may help to improve neonatal outcome.
Review of Particle Physics

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2158 new measurements from 551 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on neutrino mass, mixing, and oscillations, QCD, top quark, CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, fragmentation functions, particle detectors for accelerator and non-accelerator physics, magnetic monopoles, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology.