Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random Forest-Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Coastal Regions of Artvin, Turkey

Natural disasters such as landslides often occur in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey owing to its geological, topographical, and climatic characteristics. Landslide events occur nearly every year in the Arhavi, Hopa, and Kemalpaşa districts located on the Black Sea coast in the Artvin province. In this study, the landslide susceptibility map of the Arhavi, Hopa, and Kemalpaşa districts was produced using the random forest (RF) model, which is widely used in the literature and yields more accurate results compared with other machine learning techniques. A total of 10 landslide-conditioning factors were considered for the susceptibility analysis, i.e., lithology, land cover, slope, aspect, elevation, curvature, topographic wetness index, and distances from faults, drainage networks, and roads. Furthermore, 70% of the landslides on the landslide inventory map were used for training, and the remaining 30% were used for validation. The RF-based model was validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Evaluation results indicated that the success and prediction rates of the model were 98.3% and 97.7%, respectively. Moreover, it was determined that incorrect land-use decisions, such as transforming forest areas into tea and hazelnut cultivation areas, induce the occurrence of landslides.
Gravity-Model Estimation with Time-Interval Data: Revisiting the Impact of Free Trade Agreements

We challenge the common practice of estimating gravity equations with time-interval data in order to capture dynamic-adjustment effects to trade-policy changes. Instead, we point to a series of advantages of using consecutive-year data recognizing dynamic-adjustment effects. Our analysis reveals that, relative to time-interval data, the proposed approach avoids downward-biased effect estimates due to the distribution of trade-policy events during an event window as well as due to anticipation (pre-interval) and delayed (post-interval) effects, and it improves the efficiency of effect estimates due to the use of more data.
Ileal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Masked by Crohn Disease

Background: Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare, highly malignant adenocarcinoma that generally involves the stomach; ileal involvement is uncommon. Crohn disease (CD) is associated with long-standing inflammation that may predispose to small intestine adenocarcinoma. Case Report: A 67-year-old male with ileal CD since age 23 years, maintained in remission by mesalamine, presented with mild intermittent attacks of abdominal cramping, an increase in bowel movements from 3 to 5 daily, and bloating for 3 months. Computed tomography enterography with contrast enhancement demonstrated 2 segments of ileal wall thickening. Colonoscopy performed 7 years prior was unremarkable. The patient received oral prednisone with mild symptomatic improvement; he declined biologics. Ileocolonoscopy 1 month later revealed a nontraversable terminal ileal stricture 15 cm from the ileocecal valve. Biopsy demonstrated signet ring cells infiltrating the lamina propria. The patient underwent laparoscopic ileocecectomy and ileocolic anastomosis. Histopathology of a 2.5-cm ileal mass showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with mucin production and signet ring cell features. One metastatic mesenteric lymph node was identified. Adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated. Conclusion: This case of metastatic ileal SRCC occurred in the setting of long-standing, clinically controlled CD. Although the absolute risk of small-bowel adenocarcinoma in CD is low, active surveillance for small-bowel adenocarcinoma in patients with longstanding CD may be prudent, given the overlapping symptomology of SRCC and CD, the aggressiveness of SRCC, and the association of SRCC with subclinical inflammation.
Perch and Habitat Use by Red-Tailed Hawks and American Kestrels Along a Highway in Eastern Kansas

Perch and habitat use of the red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) and American kestrel (Falco sparverius) were compared along Kansas route K254. A 32.2-km stretch of a two-lane highway was observed for two years. The location, time, perch characteristics and habitat were noted for each bird. There were 522 surveys that totaled 16,808 km in which 1711 redtailed hawk and 494 kestrel observations were recorded. Red-tailed hawks perched in pasture habitat and used poles and trees more often than American kestrels, which perched in agricultural habitat and used wires most often. When leaves were absent, red-tailed hawks used trees as perches more often than when leaves were present. When leaves were present, red-tailed hawks used agricultural and mixed habitats more often. American kestrels showed little change with presence or absence of leaves.
Nitrogen immobilization by decomposing woody debris and the recovery of tropical wet forest from hurricane disturbance

Following damage caused by Hurricane Hugo (September 1989) we monitored inorga­nic nitrogen availability in soil twice in 1990, leaf area index in 1991 and 1993, and litter production from 1990 through 1992 in subtropical wet forest of eastem Puerto Rico. Experimental removal of litter and woody debris generated by the hurricane (plus any standing stocks present before the hurricane) increased soil nitrogen availability and above-ground productivity by as much as 40% compared to unmanipulated contro! plots. These increases were similar to those created by quarterly fertilization with inorganic nutrients. Approximately 85% of hurricane-generated debris was woody debris >5 cm diameter. Thus, it appeared that woody debris stimulated nutrient immobilization, resulting in depression of soil nitrogen availability and productivity in contro! plots. This was further suggested by simulations of an ecosystem model (CENTURY) calibrated for our site that indicated that only the Iarge wood component of hurricane-generated debris was of sufficiently low quality and of great enough mass to cause the observed effects on productivity. The model predicted thai nutrient immobilization by decaying wood should suppress net primary productivity for 13 yr and total live biomass for almost 30 yr following the hurricane. Our findings emphasize the substantial influence that woody debris has upon nutrient cycling and productivity in forest ecosystems through its effects on the activity of decomposers. We suggest that the manner in which woody debris regulates ecosystem function in different forests is significantly affected by disturbance regime.
Continuance adoption of mobile-based payments in Covid-19 context: an integrated framework of health belief model and expectation confirmation model

Purpose Shifting to mobile-based banking transactions from physical banking transactions can be considered as a social distancing mechanism, which helps to prevent the spread of Covid-19 virus. As the spread of Covid-19 is expected to continue for long, the continued usage of mobile-based payment services as a strategy to maintain social distancing has to prevail. Hence, this study aims to propose an integrated framework of mobile payments adoption and its continuance intention by integrating health belief model (HBM) and expectation confirmation model (ECM) of information system continuance. Design/methodology/approach The subject of the study constitutes new adopters of mobile payments. A total of 654 respondents participated in the survey. The conceptual model was empirically validated using structural equation modeling and serial mediation analysis. Findings The study found that the HBM constructs, namely, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy significantly influenced adoption/confirmation of mobile-based payment services. The continuance intention was significantly predicted by perceived usefulness and perceived satisfaction. Furthermore, the perceived health threat (comprising perceived severity and perceived susceptibility) indirectly affects continuance intention through confirmation, perceived usefulness and satisfaction. Practical implications There are short-term and long-term implications for the study. Short-term implications include triggering the HBM at policy levels, to adopt mobile payments/banking as a means of social distancing in the wake of the increasing threat of Covid-19 in India. Long-term implication for service providers is to convert adopters into loyal consumers by enhancing usefulness and satisfaction. Originality/value The study proposes a novel attempt to explain the adoption and continuance of mobile-based payment as a preventive health behavior to contain the spread of Covid-19 outbreak. The study proposes an integrated framework of HBM and ECM to explain pre-adoption and post-adoption behavior of consumers with respect to mobile-based payment services during Covid-19 context.
Using OpenStreetMap Data and Machine Learning to Generate Socio-Economic Indicators

Socio-economic indicators are key to understanding societal challenges. They disassemble complex phenomena to gain insights and deepen understanding. Specific subsets of indicators have been developed to describe sustainability, human development, vulnerability, risk, resilience and climate change adaptation. Nonetheless, insufficient quality and availability of data often limit their explanatory power. Spatial and temporal resolution are often not at a scale appropriate for monitoring. Socio-economic indicators are mostly provided by governmental institutions and are therefore limited to administrative boundaries. Furthermore, different methodological computation approaches for the same indicator impair comparability between countries and regions. OpenStreetMap (OSM) provides an unparalleled standardized global database with a high spatiotemporal resolution. Surprisingly, the potential of OSM seems largely unexplored in this context. In this study, we used machine learning to predict four exemplary socio-economic indicators for municipalities based on OSM. By comparing the predictive power of neural networks to statistical regression models, we evaluated the unhinged resources of OSM for indicator development. OSM provides prospects for monitoring across administrative boundaries, interdisciplinary topics, and semi-quantitative factors like social cohesion. Further research is still required to, for example, determine the impact of regional and international differences in user contributions on the outputs. Nonetheless, this database can provide meaningful insight into otherwise unknown spatial differences in social, environmental or economic inequalities.
Social economic impact of COVID-19 outbreak in India

Purpose The situations of COVID-19 will certainly have an adverse effect over and above health care on factors of the internet of things (IoT) market. To overcome all the above issues, IoT devices and sensors can be used to track and monitor the movement of the people, so that necessary actions can be taken to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Mobile devices can be used for contact tracing of the affected person by analyzing the geomap of the travel history. This will prevent the spread and reset the economy to the normal condition. Design/methodology/approach To respond to the global COVID-19 outbreak, the social-economic implications of COVID-19 on specific dimensions of the global economy are analyzed in this study. The situations of COVID-19 will certainly have an adverse effect over and above health care on factors of the IoT market. To overcome these issues IoT devices and sensors can be used to track and monitor the movement of the people so that necessary actions can be taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Mobile devices can be used for contact tracing of the affected person by analyzing the geomap of the travel history. This will prevent the spread and reset the economy to the normal condition. A few reviews, approaches, and guidelines are provided in this article along these lines. Moreover, insights about the effects of the pandemic on various sectors such as agriculture, medical industry, finance, information technology, manufacturing and many others are provided. These insights may support strategic decision making and policy framing activities for the top level management in private and government sectors. Findings With insecurities of a new recession and economic crisis, key moments such as these call for strong and powerful governance in health, business, government, and large society. Instant support measures have to be initiated and adapted for those who can drop through the cracks. Mid- and long-term strategies are required to stabilize and motivate the economy during this recession. Originality/value A comprehensive social-economic development strategy that consists of sector by sector schemes and infrastructure that supports business to ensure the success of those with reliable and sustainable business models is necessary. From the literature analysis and real world observations it is concluded that the IoT, sensors, wearable devices and computational technologies plays major role in preserving the economy of the country by preventing the spread of COVID-19.
Inducing waterlogging tolerance in cotton via an anti-ethylene agent aminoethoxyvinylglycine application

ABSTRACT Increased ethylene biosynthesis in cotton tissues have been associated with accelerated fruit abscission and yield losses in waterlogged cotton. In a series of glasshouse and field experiments, we investigated the effect of various application rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 [active ingredient, ai] ha−1) and time (pre- and post-waterlogging) of an anti-ethylene agent, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on the growth and yield of cotton. The glasshouse study suggested that AVG (100–150 g [ai] ha−1) applied 24 h prior to waterlogging can increase growth and fruit retention (FR) of waterlogged (WL) and non-waterlogged (NWL) cotton. The positive effects of AVG were further validated in two years of field studies, suggesting that AVG (125 g [ai] ha−1) applied at an early reproductive phase of cotton can significantly increase cotton yield under WL (13%, averaged over two years) and NWL (9%, averaged over two years) environments. Yield increase in AVG-treated cotton was associated with increased number of bolls, boll weight and FR. On the other hand, no further improvement in cotton yield under higher AVG concentration (150 g [ai] ha−1) indicated the saturation of AVG on ethylene inhibition. Thus, appropriate AVG concentration and application timing may help overcome waterlogging-induced yield losses in cotton production systems.
Effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme mixture containing carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility, and selected mucosal gene expression in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed nutrient deficient diets

Abstract: Effect of carbohydrases and phytase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and gut health of nursery pigs was evaluated. Pigs were blocked by body weight (BW) and sex and allocated to four treatments. Treatments were a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC) deficient in metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), Ca, and non-phytate P (nPP), NC plus Rovabio® Max AP enzyme mix, at 0.05 and 0.075 g kg-1. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined in faecal samples. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was determined in ileal digesta samples collected after euthanasia. Lower final BW and average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) were observed in NC compared with PC. Enzyme at 0.05 g kg-1 increased (P < 0.05) BW on d 14 and d 41, respectively, and also increased ADG. Enzyme at 0.075 g kg-1 increased BW on d 14 and ADG on d 0 to d 14 (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency [gain to feed ratio (G:F)] was greater (P < 0.05) in PC than NC from d 15 to d 41 and from d 0 to d 41. No difference in G:F was observed with enzyme supplementation. Higher (P < 0.05) serum Ca and bone ash were observed in PC than NC. Enzyme increased the ATTD of Ca and P (P < 0.05) compared with NC.
Mode of vertical transmission of Salmonella enterica sub. enterica serovar Pullorum in chickens

The mode of vertical transmission was studied with local isolate of Salmonella pullorum in hens and cocks. Twenty (20) hens and five cocks were experimentally infected by the oral route with 2 × 10 (CFU) dose of S. pullorum organisms at 21 weeks of age in hens and 29 weeks in cocks and in control (20 hens and five cocks) no bacteria was given. The used methods were reisolation of S. pullorum from different organs, blood, eggs and newly hatched chicks, and detection of S. pullorum by PCR from testicular tissue at different time intervals of experimental period. Five birds (four hens and one cock) randomly selected and sacrificed on 6 h before inoculation (BI) and one, two, three and four weeks of post-infection (PI) from infected and control group. S. pullorum was reisolated from 50% eggs of experimentally infected hens. Twenty percent hatchability was lost due to experimental S. pullorum infection. Piped chicks were 20% and embryo mortality was 15%. S. pullorum was isolated from 66.66% chicks. Seventy five percent testes were positive for S. pullorum by culture and biochemical test. S. pullorum was detected by PCR at one to three weeks PI from testicular tissues. It was clear that after oral route of infection with infective dose of S. pullorum, the bacteria invaded digestive epithelia and ultimately entered into blood inducing bacteremia and ultimately infected different organs and produced pathological lesions. It was also confirmed that the bacteria invaded ovary and egg follicles, and this infection persisted in ovary and egg follicles and transmitted into laid eggs then to hatched chicks.
Tobacco smoking induces metabolic reprogramming of renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histologically defined renal cancer. However, it is not a uniform disease and includes several genetic subtypes with different prognosis. ccRCC is also characterized by distinguished metabolic reprogramming. Tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for ccRCC with unknown effects on tumor pathobiology. METHODS We investigated the landscape of ccRCCs and paired normal kidney tissues (NKTs) using integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic and metallomic approaches in a cohort of never smokers (NS) and long-term current smokers (LTS) Caucasian males. RESULTS All three Omics domains consistentl identified a distinct metabolic subtype of ccRCCs in LTS, characterized by activation of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) coupled with reprogramming of the malate-aspartate shuttle and metabolism of aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and histidine. Cadmium, copper and inorganic arsenic accumulated in LTS tumors showing redistribution among intracellular pools, including relocation of copper into the cytochrome c oxidase complex. Gene expression signature based on the LTS metabolic subtype provided prognostic stratification of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ccRCC tumors that was independent from genomic alterations. CONCLUSIONS The work identifies the TS related metabolic subtype of ccRCC with vulnerabilities that can be exploited for precision medicine approaches targeting metabolic pathways. The results provide rationale for the development of metabolic biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic applications using evaluation of OxPhos status. The metallomic analysis reveals the role of disrupted metal homeostasis in ccRCC highlighting the importance of studying effects of metals from e-cigarettes and environmental exposures.
A Hybrid Forecasting Model for Short-Term Power Load Based on Sample Entropy, Two-Phase Decomposition and Whale Algorithm Optimized Support Vector Regression

To improve the accuracy and reliability of short-term power load forecasting and reduce the difficulty caused by load volatility and non-linearity, a hybrid forecasting model (CEEMDAN-SE-VMD-PSR-WOA-SVR) is proposed. Firstly, the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) is employed to generate multiple intrinsic modal functions (IMF) by decomposing the historical power load series. Then the sample entropy (SE) of each IMF is calculated to quantitatively evaluate the corresponding complexity. Afterward, variational mode decomposition (VMD) is adopted to achieve secondary decomposition for the component with the maximum sample entropy. Subsequently, the phase space reconstruction (PSR) is applied to reconstruct each IMF into a high-dimensional feature space matrix, which is formed as the input of support vector regression (SVR). Finally, SVR optimized by whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is used for the prediction, where the predicted values of all IMFs are accumulated to obtain the final prediction results. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed hybrid model can effectively decompose the load series with non-linear characteristic and provide more accurate forecasting results by comparing the other models.
High-Performance Solution-Processed Pentacene/Al Schottky Ultraviolet Photodiode With Pseudo Photovoltaic Effect

This article reports a solution-processed pentacene/Al Schottky photodiode for ultraviolet (UV) detection. A low-cost dispersion method is used to fabricate the pentacene film on ITO substrates. The surface morphology, crystalline properties, electrical, and optical properties of the pentacene film have been investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), AFM, SEM, UV-visible (Vis), and Hall measurements. Also, the UV detection characteristics were studied. The mechanism attributes to a pseudo photovoltage developed at the Schottky junction. The device shows a high sensitivity of 5.7 (372 nm), a detectivity of $1.25 \times 10^{12}$ Jones (364 nm), and a quantum efficiency of 1502% (362 nm) at 1-V applied bias. This work paves the way for developing future-generation high-performance organic photodetectors suitable for optoelectronic applications.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Iron Supplementation Alone, but Not in Combination, Lower Inflammation and Anemia of Infection in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Mice

Progressive inflammation and anemia are common in tuberculosis (TB) and linked to poor clinical outcomes. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have inflammation-resolving properties, whereas iron supplementation in TB may have limited efficacy and enhance bacterial growth. We investigated effects of iron and EPA/DHA supplementation, alone and in combination, on inflammation, anemia, iron status markers and clinical outcomes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected C3HeB/FeJ mice. One week post-infection, mice received the AIN-93 diet without (control) or with supplemental iron (Fe), EPA/DHA, or Fe+EPA/DHA for 3 weeks. Mice supplemented with Fe or EPA/DHA had lower soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin and hepcidin than controls, but these effects were attenuated in Fe+EPA/DHA mice. EPA/DHA increased inflammation-resolving lipid mediators and lowered lung IL-1α, IFN-γ, plasma IL-1β, and TNF-α. Fe lowered lung IL-1α, IL-1β, plasma IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. However, the cytokine-lowering effects in the lungs were attenuated with Fe+EPA/DHA. Mice supplemented with EPA/DHA had lower lung bacterial loads than controls, but this effect was attenuated in Fe+EPA/DHA mice. Thus, individually, post-infection EPA/DHA and iron supplementation lowered systemic and lung inflammation and mitigated anemia of infection in TB, but not when combined. EPA/DHA also enhanced bactericidal effects and could support inflammation resolution and management of anemia.