Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALMA View of the Infalling Envelope around a Massive Protostar in S255IR SMA1

The massive young stellar object S255IR NIRS3 embedded in the star-forming core SMA1 has been recently observed with a luminosity burst, which is conjectured as a disk-mediated variable accretion event. In this context, it is imperative to characterize the gas properties around the massive young stellar object. With this in mind, we carried out high angular resolution observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and imaged the 900 μm dust continuum and the CH3CN J = 19−18 K = 0−10 transitions of S255IR SMA1. The integrated CH3CN emission exhibits an elongated feature with an extent of 1800 au in the northwest–southeast direction at a position angle of 165°, which is nearly perpendicular to the bipolar outflow. We confirm the presence of dense (a few cm−3) and hot (∼400 K) gas immediately surrounding the central protostar. The CH3CN emission features a velocity gradient along the elongated ridge, and by modeling the gas kinematics based on features in the position–velocity diagram, we infer that the gas is best described by a flattened rotating infalling envelope (or pseudo-disk). A mass infall rate of a few × 10−4 M⊙ yr−1 is derived. If there exists a putative Keplerian disk directly involved in the mass accretion onto the star and jet/outflow launching, it is likely smaller than 125 au and unresolved by our observations. We show qualitative resemblances between the gas properties (such as density and kinematics) in 255IR SMA1 inferred from our observations and those in a numerical simulation particularly tailored for studying the burst mode of massive star formation.
Synchronization of Prefectural Business Cycles in Japan 1978-2018

Two decades of studies have found significant regional differences in the timing of transitions in national business cycles and their durations. Earlier studies detect regional synchronization during business cycle expansions and contractions in Europe (Grayer, 2007), the U.S. (Hamilton and Owyang, 2012; Chung, 2016), and Japan (Wall, 2007). We investigate those findings more comprehensively for Japan. We draw upon business cycle data spanning 1978-2018 for all 47 Japanese prefectures and measure synchronization between them using a method prominent in nonlinear sciences but infrequently applied in business cycle studies. Our findings confirm that synchronization in Japan's prefectural business cycles increased during contractions and decreased during expansions throughout the period studied.
D2RL: Deep Dense Architectures in Reinforcement Learning

While improvements in deep learning architectures have played a crucial role in improving the state of supervised and unsupervised learning in computer vision and natural language processing, neural network architecture choices for reinforcement learning remain relatively under-explored. We take inspiration from successful architectural choices in computer vision and generative modelling, and investigate the use of deeper networks and dense connections for reinforcement learning on a variety of simulated robotic learning benchmark environments. Our findings reveal that current methods benefit significantly from dense connections and deeper networks, across a suite of manipulation and locomotion tasks, for both proprioceptive and image-based observations. We hope that our results can serve as a strong baseline and further motivate future research into neural network architectures for reinforcement learning. The project website with code is at this link this https URL.
Probing the hidden atomic gas in Class I jets with SOFIA

Context. We present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of five prototypical, low-mass Class I outflows (HH111, SVS13, HH26, HH34, HH30) in the far-infrared [O I]63μm and [O I]145μm transitions. Aims. Spectroscopic [O I]63μm,145μm maps enable us to study the spatial extent of warm, low-excitation atomic gas within outflows driven by Class I protostars. These [O I] maps may potentially allow us to measure the mass-loss rates (Ṁjet) of this warm component of the atomic jet. Methods. A fundamental tracer of warm (i.e. T ~ 500–1500 K), low-excitation atomic gas is the [O I]63μm emission line, which is predicted to be the main coolant of dense dissociative J-type shocks caused by decelerated wind or jet shocks associated with protostellar outflows. Under these conditions, the [O I]63μm line can be directly connected to the instantaneous mass ejection rate. Thus, by utilising spectroscopic [O I]63μm maps, we wish to determine the atomic mass flux rate Ṁjet ejected from our target outflows. Results. Strong [O I]63μm emission is detected at the driving sources HH111IRS, HH34IRS, SVS13, as well as at the bow shock region, HH7. The detection of the [O I]63μm line at HH26A and HH8/HH10 can be attributed to jet deflection regions. The far-infrared counterpart of the optical jet is detected in [O I]63μm only for HH111, but not for HH34. We interpret the [O I]63μm emission at HH111IRS, HH34IRS, and SVS13 to be coming primarily from a decelerated wind shock, whereas multiple internal shocks within the HH111 jet may cause most of the [O I]63μm emission seen there. At HH30, no [O I]63μm,145μm was detected. The [O I]145μm line detection is at noise level almost everywhere in our obtained maps. The observed outflow rates of our Class I sample are to the order of Ṁjet ~ 10−6M⊙ yr−1, if proper shock conditions prevail. Independent calculations connecting the [O I]63μm line luminosity and observable jet parameters with the mass -loss rate are consistent with the applied shock model and lead to similar mass-loss rates. We discuss applicability and caveats of both methods. Conclusions. High-quality spectroscopic [O I]63μm maps of protostellar outflows at the jet driving source potentially allow a clear determination of the mass ejection rate.
Wireless Control for Smart Manufacturing: Recent Approaches and Open Challenges

Smart manufacturing aims to overcome the limitations of today’s rigid assembly lines by making the material flow and manufacturing process more flexible, versatile, and scalable. The main economic drivers are higher resource and cost efficiency as the manufacturers can more quickly adapt to changing market needs and also increase the lifespan of their production sites. The ability to close feedback loops fast and reliably over long distances among mobile robots, remote sensors, and human operators is a key enabler for smart manufacturing. Thus, this article provides a perspective on control and coordination over wireless networks. Based on an analysis of real-world use cases, we identify the main technical challenges that need to be solved to close the large gap between the current state of the art in industry and the vision of smart manufacturing. We discuss to what extent existing control-over-wireless solutions in the literature address those challenges, including our own approach toward a tight integration of control and wireless communication. In addition to a theoretical analysis of closed-loop stability, practical experiments on a cyber–physical testbed demonstrate that our approach supports relevant smart manufacturing scenarios. This article concludes with a discussion of open challenges and future research directions.
Topological phase transition induced by band structure modulation in a Chern insulator

We study a systematic evolution of the topological properties of a Chern insulator upon smooth variation of a hopping parameter (t 1) of the electrons among a pair of nearest neighbour sites on a honeycomb lattice, while keeping the other two hopping terms (t) fixed. In the absence of a Haldane flux, the tuning of t 1 results in gradual shifting of the Dirac cones which eventually merge into one at the M point in the Brillouin zone (BZ) at t 1 = 2t with a gapless semi-Dirac dispersion at low energies. In the presence of a Haldane flux, the system becomes a Chern insulator for t 1 < 2t, but turns gapless at t 1 = 2t with the semi-Dirac dispersion being transformed to an anisotropic Dirac one. The spectrum eventually gaps out and transforms into a trivial insulator for t 1 > 2t. The Chern number phase diagram obtained via integrating the Berry curvature over the BZ shows a gradual shrinking of the ‘topological’ lobes, and vanishes just beyond t 1 = 2t, where a small but a finite Berry curvature still exists. Thus, there is a phase transition from a topological phase to a trivial phase across the semi-Dirac point (t 1 = 2t). The vanishing of the anomalous Hall conductivity plateau and the merger of the chiral edge states with the bulk bands near the M point provide robust support of the observed phase transition.
Comprehensive characterization of ligand unbinding mechanisms and kinetics for T4 lysozyme mutants using tauRAMD

The computation of dissociation rates from modeling of macromolecule-ligand unbinding processes is a topic of recent and increasing interest for drug design applications. However, the complexity of the high-dimensional space explored during dissociation on timescales that often exceed those accessible to conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations make this task highly challenging. Introduction of a scaling potential or additional force can accelerate the dissociation process, but may affect the reliability of simulated egress paths and thus observed mechanisms and computed residence times. We address this problem by exploring the dissociation of benzene and indole from T4 lysozyme mutants. We employ the tau-Random Acceleration Molecular Dynamics (tauRAMD) method, in which a small randomly oriented force is applied to the ligand to facilitate its unbinding during MD simulations. We find that tauRAMD yields the ranking of dissociation rates for the simulated ligands, protein mutants and temperature conditions in good accordance with experiments. Comparison of the unbinding paths and metastable states of benzene from the L99A mutant reveals a good agreement of tauRAMD with much more computationally demanding conventional MD simulations. Moreover, mapping of the egress routes for all the systems studied shows that visiting more metastable states slows dissociation and indicates that accurate dissociation rates can be computed without exhaustive sampling, as long as the main egress route is sampled. Overall, this study demonstrates that tauRAMD combines both computational efficiency and the ability to capture the main features determining the relative dissociation rates, thus providing insights that could be exploited in drug design.
Padrões de variação de tamanho corporal e de distribuição geográfica são métodos-dependente em serpentes viperídeas do Novo Mundo

Tradicionalmente, ecologos e biogeografos tem demonstrado grande interesse por padroes ecogeograficos, especialmente durante as ultimas decadas. As regras de Bergmann e de Rapoport sao dois dos padroes ecogeograficos mais debatidos, os quais propoe um aumento no tamanho corporal e na area de distribuicao geografica das especies, respectivamente, com aumento na latitude. No entanto, ainda e incerto se repteis seguiriam essas regras. Alem disso, ainda ha duvida se o metodo utilizado para obter a area de distribuicao geografica das especies pode afetar nossa percepcao de tais padroes. No presente trabalho, testamos diferentes hipoteses em relacao as regras de Bergmann e Rapoport usando os viperideos do Novo Mundo (Viperidae: Crotalinae) como modelo biologico, alem de analisarmos a robustez de diferentes metodos de obter a distribuicao geografica das especies e avaliamos os dois padroes ecogeograficos usando diferentes abordagens. Nos reunimos dados de ocorrencia para as 136 especies de Crotalineos e geramos suas distribuicoes geograficas construindo poligonos utilizando o metodo Alpha Hull e atraves de modelos de nicho ecologico. Nos avaliamos ambas as regras utilizando uma abordagem interespecifica e uma de assembleia. A primeira considera cada especie como um dado independente enquanto a segunda considera cada assembleia (i.e. celula de grid) como um dado independente. Nos utilizamos Quadrados minimos generalizados filogeneticos (PGLS) e Quadrados minimos generalizados (GLS) para avaliar os padroes interespecificos e de assembleias, respectivamente. O primeiro considera a independencia filogenetica do dado enquanto o segundo a autocorrelacao espacial e ambos fornecem coeficientes e niveis de significância nao enviesados. Nossos resultados demonstram que a regra de Bergmann nao ocorre a nivel interespecifico, ao passo que e estatisticamente significativa em nivel de assembleia e independente de como foi obtido a distribuicao geografica das especies. Nos encontramos suporte para regra de Rapoport a nivel interespecifico independente de como geramos a distribuicao geografica das especies. Por outro lado, a analise de assembleia nao foi robusta metodologicamente, revelando diferentes padroes ecogeograficos dependendo do metodo usado para gerar a distribuicao geografica das especies. Nossos resultados demonstram inconsistencia entre os padroes observados nas analises interespecificas e de assembleia. Finalmente, nossos resultados ressaltam que essa sensibilidade e especialmente evidente na analise de assembleia da regra de Rapoport e que ao avaliar esse padrao em nivel de assembleia o metodo que sera usado para obter a distribuicao geografica das especies deveria ser escolhido cuidadosamente.
Rates of decomposition and nutrient mineralization of leaf litter from different orchards under hot and dry sub-humid climate

ABSTRACT Leaf litter decomposition is a critical step in nutrient cycling and providing nutrients to plants. Decomposition of dry matter, lignin, ligno-cellulose, cellulose and polyphenols was investigated in relation to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) dynamics in leaf litter of mango, guava and litchi orchards under hot and dry sub-humid climate. Leaf litter of mango and guava decomposed more rapidly than that of litchi with decay constants of 3.22, 1.33 and 0.62 yr-1, respectively. The leaf litter organic substances like polyphenol lost more rapidly followed by cellulose, lignin and ligno-cellulose throughout the period of decomposition. The N was released faster both in mango and guava with decay constant of 4.06 and 2.11 yr-1, respectively. The release of K was faster in mango followed by guava and litchi with decay constant of 4.66, 3.18 and 1.63 yr-1, respectively. The leaf litter decomposition was significantly positively correlated with soil fungal and bacterial biomass, rainfall and air temperature, while the leaf chemistry showed significant negative correlations in all the orchards. The results demonstrated that mango leaf litter was found to be the best followed by guava, and litchi in terms of N, P, and K return in less period of time.
Extra-tall stubble can increase crop yield in the semiarid Canadian prairie

Cutforth, H. , McConkey, B. , Angadi, S. and Judiesch, D. 2011. Extra-tall stubble can increase crop yield in the semiarid Canadian prairie. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 783-785. Previous research in the semiarid prairie showed that crop yields increased as the height of standing stubble increased to 30 cm. Recent technology permits seeding into higher standing stubble. A 3-yr (2001-2003) study was conducted at Swift Current, SK, to determine how seeding canola, pulse, and wheat into cultivated, short (about 15 cm high), tall (about 30 cm high), and extra-tall (about 45 cm high) standing stubble affected crop yield. Crop yield and the overall average water use efficiency increased linearly as stubble height increased to 45 cm. Water use was independent of stubble height.
PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN PUYUH (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) PETELUR JANTAN HASIL PERSILANGAN WARNA BULU HITAM DAN COKLAT UMUR 0-7 MINGGU DI PUSAT PEMBIBITAN PUYUH UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN

Penelitian berjudul “Performa Pertumbuhan Puyuh (Coturnix-Coturnix Japonica) Petelur Jantan Hasil Persilangan Warna Bulu Hitam Dan Coklat Umur 0-7 Minggu Di Pusat Pembibitan Puyuh Universitas Padjadjaran” telah dilaksanakan pada 8 Maret – 1 Mei 2016. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui performa dan kurva pertumbuhan puyuh petelur jantan hasil persilangan warna bulu hitam dan coklat pada umur 0-7 minggu. Penelitian mengunakan metode eksperimental dan data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan DOQ puyuh petelur jantan sebagai bahan penelitian sebanyak 193 ekor. Variabel yang diamati meliputi konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi ransum. Model kurva logistik digunakan untuk melihat dan menduga bentuk kurva pertumbuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsumsi ransum puyuh petelur jantan pada setiap minggunya selalu meningkat dengan total konsumsi 547,75 gram per ekor. Bobot badan puyuh yang dicapai sebesar 118,78 gram dengan total pertambahan bobot badan sebesar 112,01 gram dan nilai konversi ransum sebesar 4,89. Rumus kurva pertumbuhan puyuh petelur jantan adalah Y = a/(1+b*exp(-ct)), dengan nilai a = 132,752, b = 16,706, dan c = 0,716. Rumus kurva pertambahan bobot badan adalah Y = a + bt + ct2, dimana nilai a = -1, b = 2,25 dan c = 0,3214 dan titik infleksi terjadi pada umur 3,75 minggu atau sekitar umur 26 hari Kat a Kunci : Puyuh Jantan, Konsumsi Ransum, Pertambahan Bobot badan, Konversi Ransum, Kurva Pertumbuhan.
Optimization and Validation of a Diagnostic Real-Time PCR for Specific Detection of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis

| A diagnostic Real time PCR (qPCR) for detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) was optimized using the ISMav2 sequence specific for MAP. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was 500 fg, and it was able to detect approximately 7 copies of the positive control plasmid construct. The qPCR detected up to 1x103, 1x104 and 1x 105 MAP cells per reaction from spiked bovine semen, milk and feces respectively. The assay was reliable, reproducible and could be completed in 87 minutes. Comparative quantification for MAP copy number was established by utilizing normalized Cq values. The ISMav2 qPCR specifically detected 8 MAP strains, but was unable to amplify DNA from any other strains of Mycobacterium (n=5) or non-Mycobacterium strains (n=10). Several factors were tested to study their impact on the validation of the assay under field conditions. It was observed that sample size, number of sampling time points and test methods adopted for accepting the infection status were strongly correlated. The best return of validation estimates were obtained when sample-wise results of the qPCR were compared to the combined status of culture and acid fast bacilli (AFB) staining. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values were estimated to be 100% (95% CI |63.06 -100.0|) and 99.9% (95% CI |99.44 100.0|), 88.89% (CI |51.75 -99.72|) and 100% (95%CI |99.75 -100.0|), respectively. Also, the qPCR and the MAP identification test conditions were strongly associated (κ = 0.941 (95% CI |0.825 – 1.00|). The validation estimates were true only when the sample size was large (n=1008) and sample collection was based on a single time point sampling strategy. Thus it appears that the assay could be considered as a reliable and rapid diagnostic test for field application.
Functional Response of Rhynocoris fuscipes Fabricius (Heteroptera:Reduviidae) to Riptortus clavatus Thunberg (Heteroptera:Alydidae)

Functional response of the reduviid predator, Rhynocoris fuscipes Fabricius to the bean bug Riptortus clavatus Thunberg was studied in pigeonpea branch terminals using field cages. Rhynocoris fuscipes positively responded to the changing abundance of prey andexhiblted Holling's second model of functional response. The searching capacity of R. fuscipes increased with increasing prey density. The considerable number of prey consumed by the predator per day at higher prey density than at lower density reflected the predator's biocontrol potential.
Evaluation of a Meta-Analysis of Ambient Air Quality as a Risk Factor for Asthma Exacerbation

Background: An irreproducibility crisis currently afflicts a wide range of scientific disciplines, including public health and biomedical science. A study was undertaken to assess the reliability of a meta-analysis examining whether air quality components (carbon monoxide, particulate matter 10 µm and 2.5 µm (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone) are risk factors for asthma exacerbation. Methods: The number of statistical tests and models were counted in 17 randomly selected base papers from 87 used in the meta-analysis. Confidence intervals from all 87 base papers were converted to p-values. p-value plots for each air component were constructed to evaluate the effect heterogeneity of the p-values. Results: The number of statistical tests possible in the 17 selected base papers was large, median = 15,360 (interquartile range = 1536–40,960), in comparison to results presented. Each p-value plot showed a two-component mixture with small p-values < 0.001 while other p-values appeared random (p-values > 0.05). Given potentially large numbers of statistical tests conducted in the 17 selected base papers, p-hacking cannot be ruled out as explanations for small p-values. Conclusions: Our interpretation of the meta-analysis is that random p-values indicating null associations are more plausible and the meta-analysis is unlikely to replicate in the absence of bias.
Signatures of a critical point in the many-body localization transition

Disordered interacting spin chains that undergo a many-body localization transition are characterized by two limiting behaviors where the dynamics are chaotic and integrable. However, the transition region between them is not fully understood yet. We propose here a signature that unambiguously identifies a possible finite-size precursor of a critical point, and distinguishes between two different stages of the transition. The kurtosis excess of the diagonal fluctuations of the full one-dimensional momentum distribution from its microcanonical average is maximum at this singular point in the paradigmatic disordered $J_1$-$J_2$ model. Both the particular value of this maximum and the disorder strength at which it is reached increase with the system size, as expected for a typical finite-size scaling. We completely characterize the short and long-range spectral statistics of the model and find that their behavior perfectly correlates with the properties of the diagonal fluctuations. For lower values of the disorder, we find a chaotic region in which the Thouless energy diminishes up to the transition point, at which it becomes equal to the Heisenberg energy. For larger values of disorder, spectral statistics are very well described by a generalized semi-Poissonian model, eventually leading to the integrable Poissonian behavior.