Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Friction and the flow of concentrated suspensions

Suspensions are ubiquitous in industrial processing, yet fundamental understanding of how they flow remains limited. Recent progress on shear-thickening suspensions of non-Brownian particles establishes the importance of direct mechanical contact and friction between particles. This represents a paradigm shift, linking wet suspensions to dry granular materials through a static jamming volume fraction. In this thesis I explore further the implications of mechanical contact in three ways. Firstly in time-dependent flows, I show that large shear-rate fluctuations arise from a competition between rapid microscopic contact dynamics and the slow dynamics controlling how the suspension is sheared. I develop a dynamicalsystems approach that graphically shows how an instability arises, indicates how to control the instability, and allows the extraction of a contact relaxation time that is inaccessible to conventional rheometry. Next, more complex interparticle interactions are considered. I take the relevant effect to be a stress-dependent constraint on relative interparticle motion, e.g., sliding, twisting or rolling. Constraints lower the jamming volume fraction and can either form or break with stress. I show that an interplay between two constraint types can capture all classes of flow curve, with predictions compared against my own experimental or literature data. In particular, a yield stress behaviour is reproduced for rolling constraints being broken while sliding is constrained. Finally, I investigate the protocol dependence of yield-stress suspension rheology. The complex experimental phenomenology is shown to be consistent with an adhesively-bonded compressive frictional contact network. The yield stress is hence related to jamming and constraints, rather than just resulting from interparticle attraction. This finding continues the transition of non-Brownian
Differential lifetime success and performance of native and non-native Atlantic salmon examined under communal natural conditions

The lifetime success and performance characteristics of communally reared offspring of wild native Burrishoole (native), ranched native (ranched) and non-native (non-native) Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from the adjacent Owenmore River were compared. Non-native 0+ year parr showed a substantial downstream migration, which was not shown by native and ranched parr. This appears to have been an active migration rather than competitive displacement and may reflect an adaptation to environmental or physiographic conditions within the Owenmore River catchment where the main nursery habitat is downstream of the spawning area. There were no differences between native and ranched in smolt output or adult return. Both of these measures, however, were significantly lower for the non-native group. A greater proportion of the non-native Atlantic salmon was taken in the coastal drift nets compared to the return to the Burrishoole system, probably as a result of the greater size of the non-native fish. The overall lifetime success of the non-native group, from fertilized egg to returning adult, was some 35% of native and ranched. The ranched group showed a significantly greater male parr maturity, a greater proportion of 1+ year smolts, and differences in sex ratio and timing of freshwater entry of returning adults compared to native, which may have fitness implications under specific conditions.
Ecology of tropical hermit crabs at Quirimba Island, Mozambique: a novel and locally important food source

The semi-terrestrial hermit crabs Coenobita cavipes and Coenoblta rugosus are both highly abundant in the supra-littoral zone of Quirirnba Island, northern Mozambique. In the open sand scrub environment the principal food sources were mangrove propagules and algae for C. cavipes and rotting terrestrial vegetation for C. rugosus. Increased use of the mangrove habitats on Quirirnba Island by the local human population has resulted in human faeces as a potential source of food for hermit crabs. The level of use of this resource differs between the 2 species and between habitats. but not significantly between day and night. Both species exhibited gregarious behaviour on food items, part~cularly C. cavjpes on human faeces (up to 61 ~ndlviduals on 1 food item). Both species e x h ~ b ~ t e d cannibalism during the study period, but this constituted less than 1 % of their diet The foraging distances of both species increased with individual size and differed with habitat in C. cavipes.
Internalized Stigma in Pediatric Psoriasis: A Comparative Multicenter Study

Background Internalized stigma, adoption of negative attitudes and stereotypes of the society regarding persons' illness, has not been studied previously in pediatric psoriasis patients. Objective We aimed to investigate the internalized stigma in pediatric psoriasis patients and to determine differences according to factors affecting internalized stigma compared to adult psoriasis patients. Methods This multicenter, cross-sectional, comparative study included 125 pediatric (55 female, 70 male; mean age±standard deviation [SD], 14.59±2.87 years) and 1,235 adult psoriasis patients (577 female, 658 male; mean age±SD, 43.3±13.7 years). Psoriasis Internalized Stigma Scale (PISS), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Perceived Health Status (PHS), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 were the scales used in the study. Results The mean PISS was 58.48±14.9 in pediatric group. When PISS subscales of groups were compared, the pediatric group had significantly higher stigma resistance (p=0.01) whereas adult group had higher scores of alienation (p=0.01) and stereotype endorsement (p=0.04). There was a strong correlation between mean values of PISS and DLQI (r=0.423, p=0.001). High internalized stigma scores had no relation to either the severity or localization of disease in pediatric group. However, poor PHS (p=0.007) and low-income levels (p=0.03) in both groups, and body mass index (r=0.181, p=0.04) in the pediatric group were related to high PISS scores. Conclusion Internalized stigma in pediatric patients is as high as adults and is related to poor quality of life, general health, and psychological illnesses. Unlike adults, internalized stigma was mainly determined by psoriasis per se, rather than disease severity or involvement of visible body parts, genitalia or folds.
Nutritive Value of Green Tea Grounds Silage and Influence of Polyethylene Glycol on Nitrogen Metabolism in Steers

ウシにおける緑茶飲料製造残渣サイレージの栄養価を求めると共に窒素およびエネルギー出納に及ぼすポリエチレングルコール（PEG）の影響を調べた．チモシー乾草，圧ぺんトウモロコシと大豆粕を組成とした基礎飼料のみを給与（対照区），乾物（DM）比で基礎飼料の20％を緑茶飲料製造残渣サイレージに置換（茶殻区）およびPEGを茶殻区の飼料中タンパク質量の1/5となるように添加（PEG区）する3試験区を設けた．各区にホルスタイン種去勢ウシ2頭ずつを割り当て，3×3のラテン方格法による消化試験を実施した．間接方法により求められた緑茶飲料製造残渣サイレージのDM中可消化養分総量（TDN），可消化エネルギー（DE）および代謝エネルギー（ME）は，それぞれ69. 8％，13.0MJ/kgと10. 5MJ/kgであった．PEG区では，茶殻区に比べ粗脂肪（EE）の消化率が有意に減少した（P＜0.01）ものの，粗タンパク質（CP）の消化率が有意に上昇した（P＜0.05）．PEGに添加により，糞への窒素排出量は有意に減少した（P＜0.05）が，尿中への窒素排出量が増加したため，体内窒素蓄積量は増加しなかった．以上の結果から，緑茶飲料製造残渣サイレージのウシでの栄養価が明らかとなり，PEGの添加により緑茶飲料製造残渣サイレージに由来するタンニンとタンパク質の結合が解離する可能性が示唆された．
Climate change detection in penang island using deterministic interpolation methods

This paper presents detection of climate change in Penang Island by using precipitation data based on interpolation technique. Climate change brings about vast and everlasting effects on all living creatures on the Earth. These effects are especially detrimental towards heritage sites, landscapes and businesses based in Penang Island, Malaysia. This study focuses mainly on investigating the indication of climate change in Penang Island over the period of 2003-2018 by utilising sound application procedures of proven analysis methods. Two deterministic interpolation methods are used to produce new estimation points based on the precipitation data to enrich the monitoring network of rainfall stations in Penang Island. Monthly and monthly-average precipitation maps for Penang Island are produced by using inverse distance weighting interpolation method. Results reveal that seven out of twelve months of a year show increasing precipitation trends over the period of study and March is the only month that shows a decreasing trend in precipitation. Monthly-average precipitation in Penang Island also displays a gradual trend of precipitation increase over the period of study, further conforming the finding of monthly precipitation increase over the period of study. The finding of this study provides insight for local agriculturists and ministry to make better decision in response to climate change in Penang.
Effect of High Temperature Treatments on Growth of Penicillium spp. and their Development on ‘Valencia’ Oranges

The effect of time (up to 24h) and temperature (40 to 55°C) has been evaluated on in vitro growth of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on potato dextrose agar plates or on ‘Valencia’ oranges (Citrus sinensis), previously inoculated with those pathogens. The effect of treatment on the fruit quality parameters has also been evaluated. In vitro, at 40 and 45°C, an exposure of 24h was required to inhibit subsequent mycelial growth of both pathogens during incubation for 1 week at 25°C. However, at 50 and 55°C, only 18 or 9h (6h for P. digitatum), respectively, were needed to achieve the same effect on both pathogens. Inoculated fruit was exposed for 18h at 40°C then stored for 5 days at 5°C plus 7 days at 20°C, and the experiment was repeated at three locations and over two fruit seasons. This curing regime controlled both pathogens effectively. Concerning quality changes, after cold storage (5°C), treated fruits showed a significant reduction in acid content and a slight delay on skin yellowing, on softening, and on weight losses, compared to the control fruits. These results suggest that the curing treatment could be a non-chemical alternative to the postharvest fungicides now used to control citrus green and blue moulds.
Responses of the moss Tortula ruralis to desiccation treatments. II. Variations in desiccation tolerance

Variations in the apparent desiccation tolerance of the moss Tortula ruralis were traced to several causes. When the moss was kept continuously hydrated for several days, desiccation tolerance tended to decrease ("dehardening"). Conversely, daily episodes of drying and rehydration induced hardening so that the moss could tolerate rapid drying to a tissue water content of 0.008 g∙g dry weight−1.Different clumps of moss showed very different degrees of desiccation tolerance. The least tolerant samples suffered severe damage after rapid drying, whereas the most tolerant suffered little damage, and did not deharden during 3 days continuous hydration.
Analysis of discriminatory game variables between winners and losers in women’s handball world championships from 2007 to 2017

The aim of this study was to identify game variables that discriminate winning from losing teams and to understand how these variables contribute to victory by observing differences of goals in matches of women's handball world championships. The sample comprised 471 games between 2007 to 2017. The games were grouped into three clusters (balanced games - difference of 1 to 8 goals; unbalanced games - difference of 9 to 20 goals; very unbalanced games - difference of > 20 goals). In comparisons of means, the performance of winning teams is significantly higher (most variables), or lower in the case of number of technical fouls (p < .05). In balanced games, there is a greater contribuition of defensive variables (stollen balls, blocked throws and goalkeeper efficiency) in relation to attack variables (attack efficiency and throw efficiency). For victory, the number of technical fouls reduces to a lesser extent the chances of winning. Games with unbalanced and very unbalanced scores seem to follow a same tendency. We conclude that the decisive variables for victory showed a greater weight with a special emphasis on stolen balls followed by offensive variables (throw efficiency, attack efficiency and technical fouls) in balanced games.
Comparative Salinity Responses among Pigeonpea Genotypes and Their Wild Relatives

Soil salinity can be a major constraint to pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. ) in the regions where it is predominantly grown. This study was conducted to assess the extent of genetic variation for salinity tolerance in the germplasm of pigeonpea and its wild relatives. Solution culture experiments in a greenhouse and controlled environment chamber were conducted to screen a range of cultivated pigeonpea genotypes for ability to germinate and grow up to 60 d under saline conditions. Several wild relatives of pigeonpea were screened for salinity response in a sand culture system in a greenhouse. Among cultivated pigeonpea genotypes, ICPL 227 was one of the most tolerant and HY 3C one of the most sensitive genotypes tested. None of the pigeonpea genotypes tested were able to survive beyond 30 d at 8 dS m−1 or higher salinity levels. The extent of variation in salinity response among cultivated pigeonpea genotypes appeared too limited to warrant genetic enhancement of salinity tolerance. Among the wild relatives of pigeonpea, various species of Atylosia, Rynchosia, and Dunbaria showed a wide range of variation in their salinity tolerance (critical levels from 4 to 12 dS m−1): A. albicans (W. & A.) Benth. , and A. platycarpa could grow in a sand culture system at 12 dS m−1 and Rynchosia albiflora could not tolerate salinity levels above 4 dS m−1. These results suggest that using wild relatives for genetic improvement may increase salinity tolerance of pigeonpea
The effect of lead on the phytochemistry of Tithonia diversifolia exposed to roadside automotive pollution or grown in pots of Pb-supplemented soil

Tithonia diversifolia, a ruderal weedy species utilized in agroforestry, is widely distributed in the tropics, often being found in wasteland, margins of polluted city rivers and roadsides. The objective of this study was to compare plants sampled at a light and heavy traffic roadside for metal concentration and foliar compounds which may be related to senescence and/or detoxification of metals. The field survey was followed by an experiment in pots of Pb-acetate-supplemented soil to verify if the same response is obtained under controlled conditions with regard to Pb. The concentration of Pb in leaves and roots of plants sampled at a heavy traffic roadside was higher than in samples from a light traffic site. The content of Cr, Al, Fe, Cu and Ni was also higher in leaves but not of roots in plants from the pollutedsite. No significant differences were found in the concentrations of chlorophyll, carotenoids, UV-absorbing compounds and proteins, nor in the chlorophyll a/b ratio and lipid peroxidation of leaves collected at both sites. On the other hand, Pb-contaminated leaves and roots showed higher acid phosphatase activity while the foliar nitrate reductase activity and specific leaf mass were lower. An increase of leaf phenol concentration, thought to be involved in the detoxification of metals, was observed in the polluted field plants and in roots in the pot experiment, where Pb-acetatewas supplied to the soil, but the changes observed in acid phosphatase and specific leaf mass in the field were not found in the pot experiment.
Substantial Increase in the Joint Occurrence and Human Exposure of Heatwave and High‐PM Hazards Over South Asia in the Mid‐21st Century

Extreme heat occurrence worldwide has increased in the past decades. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not abated aggressively, will lead to large increases in frequency and intensity of heat extremes. At the same time, many cities are facing severe air pollution problems featuring high‐PM episodes that last from days to weeks. Based on a high‐resolution decadal‐long model simulation using a state‐of‐the‐science regional chemistry‐climate model that is bias corrected against reanalysis, here we show that when daily average wet‐bulb temperature of 25 °C is taken as the threshold for severe health impacts, heat extremes frequency averaged over South Asia increases from 45 ± 5 days/year in 1997–2004 to 78 ± 3 days/year in 2046–2054 under RCP8.5 scenario. With daily averaged PM2.5 surface concentration of 60 μg/m3 defined as the threshold for such “unhealthy” extremes, high‐PM extremes would occur 132 ± 8 days/year in the Decade 2050 under RCP8.5. Even more concerning, due to the potential health impacts of two stressors acting in tandem, is the joint occurrence of the heatwave and high‐PM hazard (HHH), which would have substantial increases of 175% in frequency and 79% in duration. This is in contrast to the 73–76% increase for heatwave or high PM when assessed individually. The fraction of land exposed to prolonged HHH increases by more than tenfold in 2050. The alarming increases in just a few decades pose great challenges to adaptation and call for more aggressive mitigation. For example, under a lower emission pathway, the frequency of HHH will only increase by 58% with a lower frequency of high‐PM extremes.
EFFECT OF ADDITION DRY BREAD YEAST (SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE) AND PROBIOTIC ON GROWTH, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME RUMEN AND BLOOD PARAMETERS IN AWASSI LAMBS

This study was conducted In Animal Production Department fields, at college of agriculture and forestry, University of Mosul, by using 24 awassi male lambs average body weight 26.43± 2.46 kg and their ages ranged 5-6 months, lambs were divided into four treatments and fed ration consisting of barley, wheat bran, wheat straw and urea. The lambs were fed the first treatment (control) without additives, while 10 g/lamb/day dry bread yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) was added to the second treatment, 10g/lamb/day of probiotic was added to the third treatment, and the fourth treatment was added in a mixture of 5 g dry bread yeast and 5 g probiotic/lamb/day. The results were showed that daily feed intake of feed was 999, 1171, 1004, 1104 g/lamb/day, daily body weight gain increased significantly(P<0.05) 129, 201, 152, 205 g/lamb/day. Hot carcass weight increased (P<0.05) in the second and third treatment as compared first (control) 19.706, 23.750, 21.380, 24.516 kg. Also results indicated that there were a significant differences (P <0.05) for the third and fourth treatments in rumen pH after 2 hours of feeding and were 5.43, 5.78, 6.11 , 5.97 respectively. No significant differences were noted in serum parameters. Through the results, it is noted that most of the productive representative of the additive treatments of dry bread yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) are added.
Kinetics of the avian skull

Kinetics of the avian skull denotes movement of all or part of the upper jaw relative to the brain case, a universal feature of birds known to ornithologists for over 150 years (Hkrissant, 1752; Nitzsch, 1817). Cranial kinesis is not unique to birds but is widespread among fishes, amphibians (fossil only) and reptiles. Its origin in the early vertebrates was a direct consequence of the evolution of the jaws and their suspensory mechanism from anterior gill arches of the agnathous fish. These early workers appreciated the pertinence of cranial kinesis to the overall understanding of the structure and function of the entire avian head. The arrangement of the palatal bones and the movement of the quadrate, for example, are comprehensible only if kinesis of the upper jaw is included in the analysis. Similarly the structure and evolution of the avian jaw muscles makes sense only as structures associated with kinesis. Yet, with few exceptions, such as Magnus (1871), this property of the skull was all but completely ignored during the second half of the nineteenth century when our knowledge of avian anatomy was most rapidly advanced. Scarcely any mention is made about kinesis by Huxley (1867) or in the standard avian anatomies such as Furbringer, Gadow and Beddard. Versluys ('lOa, b) focused attention once again on cranial kinesis, showing that reptiles could be kinetic or akinetic and that the avian form of kinesis could be derived from the reptilian condition. The muscles operating the jaw apparatus, including the movable upper jaw, in reptiles and birds were carefully described and homologized by Lakjer ('26). Once the significance of cranial kinesis to the general understanding of the structure, function and evolution of the avian head was shown by Versluys and Lakjer, an ever increasing number of
Impact of Heart Rate Fragmentation on the Assessment of Heart Rate Variability

Heart rate fragmentation (HRF) is a type of sinoatrial instability characterized by frequent (often every beat) appearance of inflection in the R-R interval time series, despite the electrocardiograms appearing to be sinus rhythm. Because the assessment of parasympathetic function by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis depends on the assumption that the high-frequency component (HF, 0.15–0.4 Hz) of HRV is mediated solely by the cardiac parasympathetic nerve, HRF that is measured as a part of HF power confounds the parasympathetic functional assessment by HRV. In this study, we analyzed HRF in a 24-h electrocardiogram big data and investigated the changes in HRF with age and sex and its influence on the assessment of HRV. We observed that HRF is often observed during childhoods (0–20 year) and increased after 75 year, but it has a large impact on individual differences in HF power at ages 60–90.
Different physiological responses of two aquatic bryophytes to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation

Abstract Two aquatic bryophytes, the moss Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. and the foliose liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia Steph. subsp. cordifolia (Dumort.) Váña were analysed with regard to their ultraviolet-B (UV-B) tolerance. The plants were cultivated in the laboratory for 36 days under three different radiation regimes which were set up using appropriate lamps and filters: P (PAR alone, control), PA (PAR + UV-A) and PAB (PAR + UV-A + UV-B). The two bryophytes responded differently to the enhancement in UV-B radiation, while UV-A radiation had only a slight biological effect. The samples of the moss which were irradiated with UV-B showed, with respect to the control, decreases in the chlorophyll and carotenoids concentration, the chlorophyll a/b quotient, the chlorophylls/phaeopigments ratios, the net photosynthesis rates, the light saturation point, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the apparent electron transport rate (ETR). They also showed increases in the sclerophylly index and the dark respiration rates. The majority of these changes are indicative of plant stress and some of them had been found previously in bryophytes exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation. However, the UV-B-irradiated samples of the liverwort only showed a decrease in Fv/Fm, which might be the most sensitive physiological variable to UV-B, together with an increase in the concentration of UV-absorbing compounds. This defence mechanism, rarely described in bryophytes, would enable the liverwort to have a higher tolerance than the moss against UV-B radiation, at least under the specific experimental conditions used in this study. Also, the increment of UV-absorbing compounds in the liverwort, which seems to be a specific response to the enhancement in UV-B radiation, might be a useful ecophysiological tool in the bioindication of this phenomenon; long-term field research is needed to confirm this usefulness. The different UV-B tolerances of the species studied may be related, to a certain extent, with their different distribution and ecology. Given that UV-B tolerance depends on the species, bryophytes should not be grouped as a single functional type in the prediction of the consequences of a hypothetic enhancement in UV-B radiation.