Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral therapy , pregnancy , and birth defects : a discussion on the updated data

Correspondence: Luiz Euribel PrestesCarneiro Immunology Department, University of Western São Paulo, 700 Rua José Bongiovani, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil Phone/fax +55 18 229 1013 Email luiz@unoeste.br Abstract: An increasing number of HIV-infected women of childbearing age are initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. This review aims to discuss updated data of the eligible ART regimens and their role in inducing birth defects in utero. Zidovudine and lamivudine plus a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor or protease inhibitor (PI) is the first-line regimen applied. The role of zidovudine exposition monotherapy or associated with other ART in inducing birth defects remains inconclusive. The main organ systems involved are genitourinary and cardiovascular. For HIV-infected pregnant women, World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines up to 2010 recommend the same group of drugs that are prescribed to nonpregnant women. The exception is efavirenz, which has been associated with an increase in the risk of teratogenicity. Increased rates of birth defects were found in large cohorts and computational studies conducted recently in infants exposed to efavirenz-containing regimens. The combination of zidovudine and lamivudine and lopinavir/ritonavir is one of the most used ART regimens for prevention of mother-to-child-transmission. Conflicting data about the role of PI exposure in utero and birth defects have been reported. However, a reduced number of studies evaluating the role of PI in inducing birth defects in women are available. An association between prematurity and PI exposure in pregnancy was extensively described. Some questions arise due to the tendency of initiating ART early in the life of HIV-infected individuals or those at risk of infection. Longtime exposure to different ART regimens and the potential effect of birth-defect induction in pregnancy are not completely understood. Developing regions harbor the highest numbers of women of reproductive age exposed to ART. Most of the largest and expressive data come from developed countries, and could not be sufficiently representative of pregnant women living in developing countries.
Stress-Dependent Elasticity of TiAlN Coatings

We investigate the effect of continuous vs. periodically interrupted plasma exposure during cathodic arc evaporation on the elastic modulus as well as the residual stress state of metastable cubic TiAlN coatings. Nanoindentation reveals that the elastic modulus of TiAlN grown at floating potential with continuous plasma exposure is 7%–11% larger than for coatings grown with periodically interrupted plasma exposure due to substrate rotation. In combination with X-ray stress analysis, it is evident that the elastic modulus is governed by the residual stress state. The experimental dependence of the elastic modulus on the stress state is in excellent agreement with ab initio predictions. The macroparticle surface coverage exhibits a strong angular dependence as both density and size of incorporated macroparticles are significantly lower during continuous plasma exposure. Scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals the formation of underdense boundary regions between the matrix and TiN-rich macroparticles. The estimated porosity is on the order of 1% and a porosity-induced elastic modulus reduction of 5%–9% may be expected based on effective medium theory. It appears reasonable to assume that these underdense boundary regions enable stress relaxation causing the experimentally determined reduction in elastic modulus as the population of macroparticles is increased.
SMBH accretion properties of radio-selected AGN out to z ∼ 4

Exploring how radio-emitting active galactic nuclei (AGN) behave and evolve with time is critical for understanding how AGN feedback impacts galaxy evolution. In this work, we investigate the relationship between 1.4 GHz radio continuum AGN luminosity (LAGN1.4), specific black hole accretion rate (s-BHAR, defined as the accretion luminosity relative to the galaxy stellar mass) and redshift, for a luminosity-complete sample of radio-selected AGN in the VLA COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project. The sample was originally selected from radio-continuum observations at 3 GHz, and includes about 1800 radio AGN identified via (>2σ) radio-excess relative to the infrared-radio correlation of star-forming galaxies. We further select a subsample of over 1200 radio AGN that is complete in LAGN1.4 over different redshift ranges, out to z~4, and use X-ray stacking to calculate the average s-BHAR in each LAGN1.4-z bin. We find that the average s-BHAR is independent of LAGN1.4, at all redshifts. However, we see a strong increase of s-BHAR with redshift, at fixed LAGN1.4. This trend resembles the strong increase in the fraction of star-forming host galaxies (based on the (NUV−r) / (r−J) colours) with redshift, at fixed LAGN1.4. A possible explanation for this similarity might imply a link between average AGN radiative power and availability of cold gas supply within the host galaxy. This study corroborates the idea that radio-selected AGN become more radiatively efficient towards earlier epochs, independently of their radio power.
The Antecedents of Employee's Performance: Case Study of Nickel Mining's Company, Indonesia

This research investigates the antecedents' effect on employee's performance of nickel mining's company at Indonesia, focused on the organizational learning culture (OLC) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Utilizing the cross sectional design and the path analysis method, the current study analyzed data from 85 employees in various department at PT Inco Tbk in Indonesia. The result shows that (1) organizational learning culture have a direct positive and significant influence to employee performance; (2) organizational citizenship behavior also have a direct positive and significant influence against employee performance; and (3) organizational learning culture also have an indirect influence towards employee's performance through the organizational citizenship behavior.
The Effect of Corporative Diversification on the Capital Structure of Brazilian Firms 1

This study aims to determine whether corporate diversification increases the borrowing capacity of Brazilian companies by means of cross-pledging. Using a panel data model, we estimated the relationship between leverage and the degree of corporate diversification using a sample of companies listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) between 2009 and 2011 and Brazilian companies with access to international markets through American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) in the period 2003-2011. Using empirical tests, we found no relationship between diversification and debt in either sample, indicating that a strategy of corporate diversification should not be used as a strategy to expand a company's financing capacity.
Study of the Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy from the DART Ca II triplet survey

We use Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (FLAMES) intermediate-resolution (R˜ 6500) spectra of individual red giant branch stars in the near-infrared Ca II triplet (CaT) region to investigate the wide-area metallicity properties and internal kinematics of the Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph). Our final sample consists of 174 probable members of Sextans with accurate line-of-sight velocities (±2 km s-1) and CaT [Fe/H] measurements (±0.2 dex). We use the Mg I line at 8806.8 A as an empirical discriminator for distinguishing between probable members of the dSph (giant stars) and probable Galactic contaminants (dwarf stars). Sextans shows a similar chemodynamical behaviour to other Milky Way dSphs, with its central regions being more metal rich than the outer parts and with the more metal-rich stars displaying colder kinematics than the more metal-poor stars. Hints of a velocity gradient are found along the projected major axis and along an axis at position angle (PA) = 191°, however, a larger and more spatially extended sample may be necessary to pin down the amplitude and direction of this gradient. We detect a cold kinematic substructure at the centre of Sextans, consistent with being the remnant of a disrupted very metal poor stellar cluster. We derive the most extended line-of-sight velocity dispersion profile for Sextans, out to a projected radius of 1? 6. From Jeans modelling of the observed line-of-sight velocity dispersion profile we find that this is consistent with both a cored dark matter halo with large core radius and cuspy halo with low concentration. The mass within the last measured point is in the range 2-4 × 108 M⊙, giving very large mass-to-light ratios, from 460 to 920 (M/L)V, ⊙. Based on FLAMES observations collected at the ESO, proposal 171.B-0588.
PATTERN FORMATION IN UNSTABLE THIN LIQUID FILMS

The problem of spontaneous evolution of morphological patterns in thin ( $l100\mathrm{nm}$) unstable liquid films on homogeneous solid substrates is resolved based on a 3D nonlinear equation of motion. Initially, a small amplitude bicontinuous structure emerges, which either grows and fragments into a collection of microdroplets (for relatively thinner films), or leads directly to isolated circular holes (for thicker films) which dewet the surface. The characteristics of a pattern, and its pathway of evolution, thus depend crucially on the form of the intermolecular potential in an extended neighborhood of the initial thickness. The linear and 2D nonlinear analyses used hitherto fail completely in prediction of morphological patterns, but can predict their length scales rather well.
The Effects of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Crops and Human Populations – A Review

The use of treated urban wastewater as a resource for irrigation water is a practice widely employed in arid and semi-arid regions of the world but also one that is expected to become more diffuse due to the reduction of water resources and the climax in the competition for water. Researchers’ interests are, thus, focused on investigating the effects of the method under question on the crops on which it is applied. This review presents the main research findings on the topic with a specific focus on research carried out in Greece. The general conclusion of the present review is that the use of treated urban wastewater in irrigation can have beneficial effects on most crop yields, provided that quality characteristics of both treated wastewater and crops are sufficiently monitored.
Impact of anthropogenic activities on the histological parameters of L abeo calbasu caught from Betwa River in Raisen District ( M . P )

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the effect of human hazards on the histology of investigated organs like gills, liver and kidney of Labeo calbasu. The results showed that the histological changes induced in gills, were mainly represented by dilation of blood capillaries in gills, swelling of epithelium, hyperplasia of epithelial lining, ruptured basement membrane and necrosis in respiratory epithelium. Liver tissues revealed compactly arranged hepatocytes with eccentric or pyknotic nuclei, degeneration of endothelial lining cells, clumped hepatic portal vein, necrosis in hepatic cells, vacuolation in hepatic cells was observed. Normal kidney showed large number of nephrons, each consisting of renal corpuscles, proximal and distal convoluted tubules. However affected kidney showed marked shrinkage and breakage of haemopietic tissues, degeneration of renal epithelium. Glomeruli showed shrinkage and breakage in Bowman’s capsule, necrosis in renal tubules, hypertrophy of epithelial cells of renal tubules.
Introduction to Special Issue: Mobile Technologies and Inclusive Development in Africa

The primary objective of this special issue is to showcase high-quality interdisciplinary research in the field of mobile phone technology and inclusive economic development, with a view to inspire and educate readers and policy makers on the vital role of mobile phones in economic development in Africa. We hope that the articles in this special issue will encourage academics and policy makers to carry out more research on the challenges and opportunities mobile phone technology offers in our quest to develop our communities.
GEE ANALYSIS IN PARTIALLY LINEAR SINGLE-INDEX MODELS FOR LONGITUDINAL DATA By

In this article, we study a partially linear single-index model for longitudinal data under a general framework which includes both the sparse and dense longitudinal data cases. A semiparametric estimation method based on a combination of the local linear smoothing and generalized estimation equations (GEE) is introduced to estimate the two parameter vectors as well as the unknown link function. Under some mild conditions, we derive the asymptotic properties of the proposed parametric and nonparametric estimators in different scenarios, from which we find that the convergence rates and asymptotic variances of the proposed estimators for sparse longitudinal data would be substantially different from those for dense longitudinal data. We also discuss the estimation of the covariance (or weight) matrices involved in the semiparametric GEE method. Furthermore, we provide some numerical studies including Monte Carlo simulation and an empirical application to illustrate our methodology and theory.
EFFECT OF COPPER ON GROWTH, DRY MATTER YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK

An attempt was made to study the influence of copper (Cu) on growth, dry matter yield and nutrient content of greengram ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in a glass house earthen pot experiment. Copper was applied to the soil in the form of copper sulphate (CuSO 4 .5H 2 O) in different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg kg -1 ) in which the greengram plants were grown. The plant samples were analysed 45 days after sowing. The results indicated that low level of copper concentrations (50 mg kg -1 ) showed a significant increase in the overall growth, dry matter yield and nutrient content, while higher concentrations (100-250 mg kg -1 ) decreased the growth, dry matter production and nutrient content of greengram. Key words: Copper, Growth, Nutrient content, Vigna radiata R. Manivasagaperumal et al. Effect of Copper on Growth, Dry Matter Yield and Nutrient Content of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Â J Phytol 3/3 (2011) 53-62.
Antinutritional Factors Of An Indonesian Cowpea ( Harijono ) 164 SOME CHANGES ON ENZYMIC ACTIVITIES , COMPOSITIONAL AND ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF AN INDONESIAN COWPEA ( VIGNA UNGUICULATA ( L ) WALP ) CULTIVAR UNDERGOES GERMINATION AND A MILD HEATING PROCESS

Changes during 48 hours germination at room temperature followed by a mild heating process on the seeds of an Indonesian cowpea cultivar were evaluated. The results indicated that the activity of amylases and proteases increases until 36 hours of germination and then decreases. The levels antinutritional factors, namely trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid, haemagglutinins were reduced somewhat, while the protein content and the digestibility value increase. Germination for 36 hours followed by mild heating produces germinated seeds (10% moisture) with 26.27% protein, 9.63% reducing sugars, and relative enzymic activity levels of 37.63 (unit/mL) for amylase, and 78.81 (μmole tyrosine/minute/mg) for proteases. The levels of phytic acid, haemagglutinins and trypsin inhibitors were reduced to about 50%, 40 % and 70% of their original levels respectively. The in vitro protein digestibility value is 74.79%.
Menshikovite, Pd-Ni arsenide and synthetic equivalent

Abstract The average compositions of menshikovite (Pd3Ni2As3) from the type locality (Lukkulaisvaara layered intrusion, Russian Karelia) and a Pd-Ni arsenide synthesized at 450°C, are very close. The observed ∑Metal:As ratio is close to 5:3, as in the case of previously described arsenides from the Stillwater and Two-Duck Lake intrusions. The compositions suggest that these unnamed Pd-Ni arsenides and the synthetic phase are in fact menshikovite.
Ultrafast diffraction conoscopy of the structural phase transition in VO 2 : Evidence of two lattice distortions

Photoinduced phase transitions in complex correlated systems occur very rapidly and involve the interplay between various electronic and lattice degrees of freedom. For these materials to be considered for practical applications, it is important to discover how their phase transitions take place. Here we use a novel ultrafast diffraction conoscopy technique to study the evolution of vanadium dioxide (VO2) from biaxial to uniaxial symmetry. A key finding in this study is an additional relaxation process through which the phase transition takes place. Our results show that the biaxial monoclinic crystal initially, within the first 100–300 fs, transforms to a transient biaxial crystal, and within the next 300–400 fs converts into a uniaxial rutile crystal. The characteristic times for these transitions depend on film morphology and are presumably altered by misfit strain. We take advantage of Landau phenomenology to describe the complex dynamics of VO2 phase transition in the femtosecond regime.
Composing Complex Skills by Learning Transition Policies

Humans acquire complex skills by exploiting previously learned skills and making transitions between them. To empower machines with this ability, we propose a method that can learn transition policies which effectively connect primitive skills to perform sequential tasks without handcrafted rewards. To efﬁciently train our transition policies, we introduce proximity predictors which induce rewards gauging proximity to suitable initial states for the next skill. The proposed method is evaluated on a set of complex continuous control tasks in bipedal locomotion and robotic arm manipulation which traditional policy gradient methods struggle at. We demonstrate that transition policies enable us to effectively compose complex skills with existing primitive skills. The proposed induced rewards computed using the proximity predictor further improve training efﬁciency by providing more dense information than the sparse rewards from the environments. We make our environments, primitive skills, and code public for further research at https://youngwoon.github. io/transition .
Resolvent and spectral measure on non-trapping asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds I: Resolvent construction at high energy

ABSTRACT This is the first in a series of papers in which we investigate the resolvent and spectral measure on non-trapping asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds with applications to the restriction theorem, spectral multiplier results and Strichartz estimates. In this first paper, we construct the high energy resolvent on general non-trapping asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds, using semiclassical Lagrangian distributions and semiclassical intersecting Lagrangian distributions, together with the 0-calculus of Mazzeo-Melrose. Our results generalize recent work of Melrose, Sá Barreto and Vasy, which applies to metrics close to the exact hyperbolic metric. We note that there is an independent work by Y. Wang which also constructs the high-energy resolvent.
Time-Stepping FEM-Based Multi-Level Coupling of Magnetic Field–Electric Circuit and Mechanical Structural Deformation Models Dedicated to the Analysis of Electromagnetic Actuators

The present paper introduced a framework for multi-level coupling transient electromagnetic fields (EMF) and mechanical structural dynamics based on the finite element method (FEM). This framework was dedicated to predicting, with better accuracy, the wave magnetic force density for obtaining the mechanical deformation occurring in electromagnetic actuators (EMAs). The first-level EMF transient model coupling is related to the magnetic field equations that are strongly coupled with the electric circuit input voltage equations. This is done by considering the magnetic saturation through the Newton–Raphson (N–R) method. The time-stepping solution of the EMF model resulted in the magnetic force densities being computed from the Lorentz force (LZ) expressions, based on the space–time variation of the induced eddy current. For the second coupling level, the EMF model was sequentially coupled with the mechanical structural deformation equations (MDef) through the local magnetic force density to achieve minimal material dynamic displacement and deformation. The developed multi-physics EMF–MDef time-stepping (FEM) model tools were implemented using the Matlab software.
Predicting brand preferences: An examination of the predictive power of consumer personality and values in the Australian fashion market

Purpose – This paper aims to examine and compare the strength of personality and values in predicting brand preferences. It seeks to accomplish three main objectives. First, it will evaluate the strength of personality and values in predicting consumers' brand preferences. Second, it will examine whether values exercise a mediating role between personality and brand preferences. Finally, it will examine the mediating role of prestige sensitivity in influencing brand preferences.Design/methodology/approach – The study opted to use a quantitative approach involving 251 undergraduate students as the study participants. The constructs used in the study are taken from existing scales as well as self‐developed branding scales. Structural equation modeling technique is utilised for data analysis.Findings – The paper provides empirical insights about how personality and values together affect brand preferences. It suggests that values are indeed better predictors of brand preferences and exercise both direct and .
SIMPLIFIED METHODOLOGY TO EVALUATE THE EXTERNAL SULFATE 1 ATTACK IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES 2 3

13 14 The external sulfate attack is a degradation process that causes expansion and cracking 15 in concrete structures. Due to the absence of simplified methodologies to predict the 16 potential damage, codes specify that sulfate resistant cement should be used whenever 17 the surrounding sulfate concentration surpasses a predefined limit. This may lead to 18 penalizing measures as the size of the element or the mechanical properties of the 19 concrete used are not considered. In the present work, an alternative approach is 20 proposed. A simplified chemo-mechanical methodology is deducted to assess the 21 potential damage in concrete elements exposed to sulfate rich environments. Equations 22 to estimate the penetration of sulfates are derived from a numerical model taking into 23 account sulfate consumption, acceleration of the penetration induced by cracking and 24 decrease in diffusivity caused by pore filling. Failure modes associated to this 25 phenomenon are analyzed and a set of equations to assess the risk of failure are 26 deducted. Finally, a parametric study with different geometries of elements and 27 surrounding sulfate contents is performed. The results show that the criterion included 28 in codes might be modified depending on the characteristics of the structure. 29