Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic X Environmental Interaction Parameters Of Friesian Cattle

Data collected on Friesian Heifers were used in this research to estimate genetic and non-genetic parameters. The average age at first calving (AFC), gestation period (GP), number services per conception (S/C), calving interval (CI), total milk yield (TMY), daily milk yield (DMY) and lactation length (LL) ranges were 24.9±2.34 26.50±2.84 months, 274.21±55.57 273.3±4.03 days, 3.92±2.77-2.3±1.7, 468.90±116.32 445.4±92.81 days, 5533.14±1546.03 3748.2±1095.2 kg, 15.10±3.58 11.00±2.42 kg, and 376.74±15.89 349.0±86 days respectively. Results showed that parity number had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on (S/C). Also age at first calving had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on milk yield per lactation and daily milk yield (p < 0.01). Year of calving presented a significant (p < 0.05) effect on DMY, S/C and (CI) (p < 0.001). Whereas place of birth had a highly significant effect (p < 0.001) on TMY and significant (p < 0.01) effect on AFC. Repeatability estimates for GP, S/C, CI, TMY, DMY and LL were found to be 0.170±0.045, 0.090±0.044, 0.361±0.047, 0.420±0.061 and 0.094±0.044, respectively. While heritability estimates by paternal half-sib method ranged from 0.003±0.078 for LL and 0.190±0.140 for AFC. Whereas, estimates calculated by daughter-dam regression were found to be 0.710±0.456, 0.320±0.168, 0.106±0.120, 0.100±0.150, 0.174±0.136 and 0,055±0.224 for AFC, GP, S/C, TMY, DMY and LL, respectively. Regarding phenotypic correlations among parameters, age at first calving was negatively correlated with other traits except for S/C and DMY. Whereas S/C exhibited positive phenotypic correlation with all the traits studied. Total milk yield was found to have positive correlation with DMY and LL. Concerning genetic correlations among traits were either inestimable or overestimated.
Reflection on an interprofessional community-based participatory research project

Background. A collaborative interprofessional research project that involved community members was beneficial to community development. Objective. To draw upon the experiences of academics relating to their involvement in an interprofessional community-based participatory research (CBPR) project. Methods. A Delphi study was applied as a self-reflective evaluation process to reach consensus on the lessons learnt from participation in a CBPR project. Round one of the Delphi employed closed-ended questions and the responses were analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel (USA). The second round consisted mainly of open-ended questions and responses, and was analysed qualitatively. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of the Western Cape research committee. Results. Based on round one of the Delphi study, it became evident that recognition of the community as a unit of identity, addressing health from physical, emotional and social perspectives and formation of long-term commitments were the CBPR principles most applied. Disseminating information to all partners and facilitation of the collaborative equitable involvement of all partners in all phases of the research were the principles least applied. Themes that emerged from the second round of the Delphi included the identification of clear objectives based on the needs of the community, a shift from identification of the needs of the community to the implementation of strategies, and the creation of capacity-building opportunities for all stakeholders. Conclusion. In a reflection on the research process, the interprofessional team of academics found that the basics of CBPR should be attended to first. A focus on clear objectives, implementation strategies and capacity building is important in CBPR.
Malnutrition in Older People with Dementia Causes, Assessment, and Treatment

Structural and physiologic changes in the gastrointestinal system lead to malnutrition (MN) with aging [7]. A patient with dementia is at risk for MN. Dementia is a progressive terminal disease that results in cognitive decline, which renders patients unable to maintain their own activities of daily living [8]. The rate of decline is different for each patient, although a number of factors can increase the likelihood of an accelerated decline, such as MN [1]. Ulger et al. observed risk of MN with a prevalence of 37.3% in older people with dementia [9]. MN results in a decline in muscle function, bone mass, immune functioning, wound healing, and cognitive functioning, with an increase in hospital admission, readmissions, and mortality [10, 11]. There is positive correlation between weight loss, MN, and progression of dementia [12-14]. Increased consumption of foods with carbohydrates rather than loss of appetite and weight may be seen in frontotemporal dementia subtype. Excessive weight gain and poor metabolic status may also arise [15].
The Male Genital Tract in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): Implication for Antioxidant Therapy

Abbreviations: MGT: Male Genital Tract; OS: Oxidative Stress; LPO: Lipid Peroxidation; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; ARVDs: AntiRetroViral Drugs; NRTIs: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; NNRTIs: None Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; PIs: Protease Inhibitors; CAT: Catalase; SOD: SuperOxide Dismutase; GPx: Glutathione Peroxidase; NF-kB: Nuclear transcription Factor kappa B, mtDNA: Mitochondrial DNA; ATP: Adenosine TriPhosphate; NAC: N-AcetylCysteine; mtDNA – mitochondrial DNA; Pol-γ: Polymerase gamma
Hypercholesterolemia enhances the release of proinflammatory cytokines in obese Egyptian adolescents

The interrelation between hypercholesterolemia, proinflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP) and body mass index (BMI) were not yet established in obese Egyptian adolescents . The aim of this work is to study the relation between hypercholesterolemia; as a major determinant of serum inflammatory cardiovascular risk marker; TNFα and IL-1 β as proinflammatory cytokines; and CRP with body mass index (BMI); as indicator for obesity and waist circumference; as indicator for central obesity . The study was carried out on obese Egyptian adolescents with high lipid profile levels (Group I) and obese one with lipid profile within normal levels (Group II) from both sexes. TNF –α, IL1β and CRP were significantly higher in Group I than Group II (p<0.001). There were positive highly significant correlations between cholesterol, and each of BMI, IL1-β, TNF-α and CRP (p<0. 001) with a negative significant correlation between it and HDL (p<0.029). A significant negative correlation between HDL and both LDL (p<0.001), and TNF-α (p<0.01) was recorded. LDL have shown a significantly positive correlation with TNF-α, IL-1Β and CRP (p<0.001). There were significant positive correlations between waist circumference (central obesity) with TNF-α, IL-1β and CRP (p<0.001). Conclusion: The positive association of obesity with elevated cytokines levels suggests the importance of reducing obesity to prevent elevation in cytokines levels which are risk factors for future cardiovascular diseases. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):428-435]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
External Debt, Servicing and Debt Relief Transmissions In Nigeria

The study examined the trend of external debt, debt servicing and debt relief transmissions in the Nigerian economy. The huge for external debt to argument domestic saving to boost investment in developing countries is obvious but more crucial to these variables is tracing out their effects on economic development. Indebted countries as observed even in some case find it difficult to service such debt leading to international concerns to writing off such debts to ameliorate the plight of the citizens. The study used structural VAR to trace out the structural effect of these variables in the Nigerian economy. Also examined was the 2005 external debt relief to Nigeria by the London Paris club through descriptive techniques to illustrate how the relief was channeled down to other macroeconomic variables in the economy. The descriptive analysis showed that soon after the debt relief, government expenditure on health and education improved. Also the position of the nation foreign exchange appreciated which cumulated to higher economic growth rate in Nigeria. Queuing from the descriptive analysis, the structural VAR result showed a decomposed shock to exchange rate were absorbed by external debt and external debt service after itself. This shows that external debt and debt servicing affects the country’s exchange rate. Decomposed shock from health and education outputs were strongly influenced by external debt servicing. Economic output in Nigeria, apart from itself were largely influenced by EXR (24 percent) followed by HLTH and EXD respectively. The study concludes that external debt is a crucial variable to developing countries and the trickle-down effect of its components are felt in the Nigerian economy. The study therefore recommends good policies to effectively transmit the gains from external borrowing to boost critical infrastructural deficit in the country.
AFRICAN TRADING BLOCS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

There is general consensus among scholars, policy makers, and political leaders that the best way for African countries to develop is through regional trade. Regional integration and trading blocs have been suggested as ways that African nations can use to achieve sustained development and increase their participation in the global economy. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the interrelationship between African trading blocs and economic growth of the African continent. This paper analyzes this link using theoretical and empirical literature reviews. The key findings are that intra-Africa trade is still low, despite the existence of numerous trading blocs, and that few of these contribute to regional trade creation. Poverty rates are still high and GDP does not seem to be positively influenced by the trading blocs. Many social, economic, and political challenges also weaken African trading blocs and their ability to promote integration and trade. Addressing these hindrances would strengthen the continent’s trading blocs and enhance their positive impact on intraAfrican trade and economic growth.
Undergraduate students and risk factors for excessive drinking

ii Co-Authorship. iv Acknowledgements . v List of Figures . x List of Tables . xi List of Abbreviations . xii Chapter 1 General Introduction. 1 Defining Alcohol Misuse: Alcoholism and Risky Drinking . 2 Drinking Behaviour in the General Population . 5 Drinking Behaviour among Undergraduate Students . 5 Individual Differences in Risk for Alcoholism . 8 Risk Factors for Alcoholism . 10 Stress. 10 Disinhibited Behaviour. 12 Response to Alcohol. 14 Purpose of Current Studies . 16 References . 18 Chapter 2 Trait Impulsivity Prospectively Predicts Progression to Hazardous Drinking in Undergraduate Students . 42 Abstract . 43 Introduction . 44 Methods . 46 Participants and Procedure. 46 Substance Use Measures. 47 Alcohol Timeline Follow-Back. 47 Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index. 48 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. 48 Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. 48 Trait and Behaviour Measures. 49 Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. 49 Anxiety Sensitivity Index. 49 Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire. 49 vii Alcohol Use Onset. 50 Statistical Analyses . 50 Participant Demographics. 50 Measure Descriptives. 51 Relationship between Predictors and Criterion Variables. 51 Relationship between Predictors and Alcohol Use Onset. 51 Results . 52 Participant Demographics. 52 Measure Descriptives. 52 Relationship between Predictors and Criterion Variables. 55 Relationship between Predictors and Alcohol Use Onset. 61 Discussion . 61 Conclusions . 64 References . 66 Chapter 3 Acute Stress Increases Voluntary Consumption of Alcohol in Undergraduates . 72 Abstract . 73 Introduction . 74 Methods . 75 Participants. 75 Self-Report Measures. 76 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. 76 Perceived Intoxication. 76 Stress Condition. 77 Drinking Protocol. 77 Experimental Procedure. 78 Results . 79 Participants. 79 Manipulation Checks. 79 Stress. 79 Perceived Intoxication. 80 Effect of Stress on Fluid Intake. 82 Relationship between Self-Report Anxiety Measures and Alcohol Intake. 83 Discussion . 83 References . 87 viii Chapter 4 Neuroendocrinology Responses to Alcohol Intoxication in Health Males: Relationship with Impulsivity, Drinking Behaviour and Subjective Effects . 91 Abstract . 92
Aspects of respiratory function during exercise in the thoroughbred horse in health and disease.

The horse's enormous respiratory reserve enables it to increase the respiratory load on the lungs many fold during exercise, hence low-grade respiratory disease is difficult to detect at rest, although of vital importance during heavy exercise. Diagnostic exercise testing is, therefore, of great interest and this thesis describes its application to the investigation of respiratory disease in the Thoroughbred horse. Horses were exercised on a treadmill whilst respiratory flow rates were recorded using ultrasound flow transducers, respired gas concentrations measured by mass spectrometry and blood gas analysis performed. The exercise test involved a warm up followed by two minute canters/gallops at increasing workloads separated by ten minute walks. Validation studies confirmed the suitability of the methods for these studies. A steady state for respiratory variables was reached by ninety seconds of canter/gallop. The effects of training on exercising respiratory function were investigated by exercise testing horses following a sedentary period and after a fifteen week training programme. State of training did not complicate clinical interpretation of some variables, e.g tidal volume, respiratory frequency and minute ventilation, whilst peak flow rates were stable at the highest workloads. Arterial oxygen tension and blood pH during exercise were affected by training but other blood gas variables and end-tidal gas tensions were not. The effect of influenza on respiratory function was studied by challenging partially immune horses with H3N8 influenza, inducing infection similar to that seen in vaccinated racehorses. Twenty one days after infection most horses showed no changes in respiratory function but 2/9 horses altered breathing strategy during canter and another showed altered acid-base and blood lactate responses. Horses with low-grade respiratory disorders showed differences in respiratory function to the experimental animals but the wide normal range of pulmonary function tests limited their one-off diagnostic value. Serial testing may prove to be a more sensitive method.
Tensile and Fracture Behavior of Wrought Al-6Mg Alloy with Ternary Scandium and Quaternary Zirconium and Titanium Addition

Effect of ageing on the mechanical properties of wrought Al-6Mg alloy with ternary scandium and quaternary zirconium and titanium is made. The results show that the influence of scandium is much pronounced on yield strength than on the tensile strength. The quaternary additions have negligible effect on the yield strength of the alloys. Elongation increases because of the fact that subgrains cannot coarsen so much. Strain hardening exponent ‘n’ values are found to comparatively low at higher ageing temperature. The room temperature values of strain rate sensitivity ‘m’ are comparatively high and hints upon its superplastic behaviour at elevated temperatures. The fracture of the experimental alloys occurs through microvoid coalescence.
Bortezomib Therapy Alone and in Combination with Dexamethasone for Patients with Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma.

Introduction: Bortezomib ± dexamethasone (dex) has demonstrated impressive activity in the treatment of relapsed and refractory myeloma. Bortezomib is currently approved in the U.S. for multiple myeloma patients who have received at least 1 prior therapy. We are conducting a phase 2 trial evaluating bortezomib alone or in combination with dex as first-line therapy in patients with myeloma. Methods: Eligible patients had measurable disease and a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) ≥ 50%. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m 2 was administered by IV bolus on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 3-week cycle for a maximum of 6 cycles. Oral dex 40 mg was given to patients who achieved Results: Fifty patients have been accrued to the study, and 40 are evaluable for response. Median age was 58 years, and 52% were men. The major myeloma subtypes were IgG (64%) and IgA (19%). The majority of patients were Durie-Salmon stage II (29%) or IIIA (43%). The major response rate (CR + nCR + PR) was 85%. The best response was observed after cycle 2 in 41%, after cycle 4 in 75%, and after cycle 6 in 85% of patients. Dex was added for 28 patients (70%): 17 patients at cycle 3, 10 patients at cycle 5, and 1 at cycle 6. An improved response after combination therapy was observed in 18 patients: 11 improved from MR to PR, 5 improved from stable disease (SD) to PR, 1 improved from SD to CR, and 1 improved from SD to minor response (MR). Twelve patients underwent stem cell transplantation, and all had complete hematologic recovery. Thirteen patients discontinued from the study: 9 due to adverse events, 2 due to progressive disease, and 2 withdrew. The most common adverse events (grade ≥ 2) were neuropathy (26%), fatigue (22%), constipation (17%), and neutropenia (14%). Two patients developed grade 4 events, 1 with neutropenia and 1 with thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Bortezomib alone or in combination with dex was highly active in the first-line treatment of patients with myeloma. The combination of bortezomib + dex demonstrated additional benefit. Toxicities were manageable and reversible. Although experience has been limited to date, stem cell transplantation was successful in all attempts, indicating that bortezomib-based therapy should be further explored as an induction regimen before transplantation.
Biochemical Changes in Glutathione Redox System and Glucose Regulation in Late Pregnant Ossimi Ewes

ــPregnancy is the more prevalent stress in under feeding small ruminant with multiple bearing. Fifty Ossimi ewes of two years old and their body weight ranging between 35 and 50 kg were allotted into three groups; Group I: contains ten non pregnant non lactating ewes were used as control group. Group II: contains twenty single pregnant ewes* and Group III: contains twenty twin pregnant ewes used as experimental animals. Our study focused on the comparison between single and twin bearing ossimi ewes in the last three weeks of pregnancy and the day of parturition by measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH) level and the activities glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); glutathione reductase (GR-ase); glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD) in erythrocytic haemolysate. In addition, glucose, non esterfied fatty acid (NEFA), Beta hydroxyl butyric acid (BHBA), cortisol, insulin and protein electrophoric patterns were measured in serum. Our results concluded that, In erythrocytic haemolysate the mean values of GSH-Px and GST in group II and III during the period of 2 and one week before parturition and at the day of parturition were high significantly increased. While, GSH and t-SOD were high significantly decreased (P<0.01) and GR-ase activities were significantly decreased. While serum insulin level decreased while serum NEFA, BHBA and cortisol were increased in single and twin but in twin the values is more significant. The data showed that twin bearing ewes are more susceptible to pregnancy toxemia than single bearing that may be decrease the productivity and performance of those animals. [Ali Hafez El-Far, Mohamed K. Mahfouz, Hussein A. Abdel maksoud. Biochemical Changes in Glutathione Redox System and Glucose Regulation in Late Pregnant Ossimi Ewes. Journal of American Science 2010;6(11):742-748]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). Keywordsــ pregnancy, glutathione, single bearing, twin bearing, ewes
User-Defined Privacy Grid System for Continuous Location Based Services

: In this paper we have demonstrated Location-Based Services (LBSs) which has surfaced as prominent applications in mobile networks. An important challenge in the wide deployment of location-based services (LBSs) is the privacy aware management of location information, providing safeguards for location privacy of mobile clients against vulnerabilities for abuse. This paper describes a scalable architecture for protecting the location privacy from various privacy threats resulting from uncontrolled usage of LBSs. This architecture includes the development of a personalized location anonymization model and a suite of location perturbation algorithms. In particular, our algorithm makes use of a variable-sized cloaking region that increases the location privacy of the user at the cost of additional computation, but maintains the same traffic cost. Our proposal does not require the use of a trusted third-party component, and ensures that we find a good compromise between user privacy and computational efficiency. we propose a user-defined privacy grid system called dynamic grid system (DGS); the first holistic system that fulfils four essential requirements for privacy-preserving snapshot and continuous LBS. Our experiments show that the personalized location k-anonymity model, together with our location perturbation engine, can achieve high resilience to location privacy threats without introducing any significant performance penalty. Experimental results show that our DGS is more efficient than the state-of-the-art privacy preserving technique for continuous LBS.
Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Chenopodium album of Bundelkhand region

Aim: Chenopodium album L. is a vegetable plant commonly known as Bathua belongs to the family Chenopodiaceae, which is an important medicinal plant in Ayurveda that cures leukoderma, biliousness, epilepsy, salivation, fever, cough, and abdominal pain. Keeping in view of the above beneficial effects of C. album, we sought to analyze the phytochemicals present in the methanolic as well as in aqueous extracts. Materials and Methods: Aqueous and methanolic extraction of C. album was done for screening of different kinds of bioactive compounds, namely: Saponins, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, cardiac glycosides, protein and amino acid, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids using standard phytochemical screening methods. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. Results: There were variable results for alkaloid test with different methods. Molisch and Barfoed’s test for carbohydrate shows a negative result for all the extract. Fehling test and Keller–Killani test are negative in the quath and methanolic extract. Conclusions: Mostly, tests for flavonoids, glycosides, tannin, and phenolics showed the presence of these secondary metabolites in all the extract. Saponin test showed very impressive results. Biuret test is negative in all the extracts. Terpenoids and steroids are present in quath as well as in aqueous extraction, while these metabolites are absent in methanolic extraction. All the extraction procedures show five bioactive components. Further, the antioxidant activity was observed in all the extracts. Mostly, all the phytochemicals are present in the leaves extract of Bathua. Further, five bioactive components were observed by TLC. Antioxidant activity observed in the leaves extract is may be due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic components.