Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pomegranate peel Extract Protects Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice

Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) is a toxicant heavy metal displays adverse properties in humans creating public health risks. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is widely known as antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study investigated the cadmium induced structural effects in mice and evaluated the beneficial effect of alcoholic extract of P. granatum fruit peel (PPE) to protective CdCl2 nephrotoxicity. Animals were divided into 4 groups; group 1: control, group 2: given 25ml/kg PPE, group 3: given CdCl2 at a dose level of 2mg/kg and group 4: given CdCl2 and PPE. The animals were given the previous treatment daily for 14days. CdCl2 intoxication led to obvious many histopathological alterations in kidney glomeruli accompanied with wide and congested blood vessels, renal tubules missed their distinct form with cytoplasmic vacuolation of their epithelial cells and pyknotic nuclei and leucocytes cells infiltration in the intertubular spaces. On the other hand, the immunohistochemical staining of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions were positive after CdCl2 exposure compared with the control group. Ultrastructure observations revealed thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and fusion of the podocytes foot processes, tubular epithelial cells vacoulation with pyknotic nuclei, perforation and vacoulation of mitochondria, deterioration of endoplasmic reticulum, and increase of lysosomes. CdCl2-exposure accompanied by increased level of serum urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) besides decreased of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level. In contrast, coadministration of PPE plus CdCl2 ameliorated these parameters around the normal levels. It contributed the improvement by the histological, ultrastructure and decreased Bcl-2 and α smooth muscle protein expression, and kidney function through significant decrease in urea, creatinine and BUN, reduced the level of serum MDA as lipid peroxidation marker and restored the altered antioxidant system activity. It was concluded that Cd induced nephrotoxicity at a dose level 2 mg/kg b.w. in mice. The PPE may be involved in the protection of toxicity displayed by CdCl2 induction attributed to the high antioxidant capacity.
Alternation of β-catenin and CD44s Immunoexpression in Different Histopathological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective: Cell-cell adhesion molecules play an essential role in cell growth and differentiation. β-catenin and CD44s are two adhesion molecules which their expression changes are correlated to loss of differentiation and gain of an invasive epithelial phenotype. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of oral cavity. Aim of this study was to compare β-catenin and CD44s expression in different histopathological grades of OSCC. Methods: β-catenin and CD44s expression were evaluated in 10 well differentiated OSCC (group A) and 10 moderately/poorly differentiated OSCC (group B) using immunohistochemistry. Results: β-catenin membranous and nuclear/cytoplasmic expression were significantly different between groups A and B. CD44s membranous expression was insignificant amongst the two groups. Conclusion: Expression of β-catenin and CD44s alter in different histopathological grades of OSCC. It seems that more rate of aberrant cytoplasmic and/nuclear expression and less membranous expression of β-catenin can lead to significantly lower degree of cell differentiation in OSCC.
The Departure Point in Raising Teacher’s Awareness toward the Atmosphere of Lingua Franca Case

There has been growing attentiveness in the English teaching literature of the prominence of English as Lingua Franca (ELF). The foremost position of English as language of global citizen should be raised up in the communication traffic in the world. Research under the case study design had been done to reveal teacher’s belief and their responses in the wave of English as Lingua Franca features in expanding circle, Indonesia. The researchers conducted the study at an Indonesian International School in Surakarta which involved two teachers as the participants by employing interview and unstructured questionnaire to collect the data. The result evidently showed that teachers in expanding circle were aware about the evolvement of English as Lingua Franca in the world. They believed that the features of English as Lingua Franca (ELF) are unproblematic as long as it does not change the fundament of their utterances. Henceforth, the teachers support the lexico-grammar features of ELF. In their speaking class, teachers give tolerance to the students who appearing these features in their classroom interaction. Furthermore, the result of this research could inspire other teachers to be more aware toward the evolvement of ELF, so that they could integrate and apply the relevancy of ELF in teaching learning process.
Equity Risk Premium and Investors Preferences Towards Reward-to-Risk from Europe, USA, and Asia

The equity risk premium is key for the cost of capital and a crucial tool to guide investment decisions. In the literature, an ex-post approach is widely used to estimate equity risk premium investor's future claims. In this paper, Merton's framework (1980) is applied to the Eurozone, USA, and Asia, using historical data for the period between 2002 and 2015. The expected equity risk premium will be calculated in the context of the financial crisis that started in 2008 and will be testing the reward-to-risk ratio non-negativity constraint. For all three economic areas, empirical analyses suggest investors' aggregate risk preferences that are stable for measurable periods. The authors subscribe to a direct connection between the time under analysis and the accuracy of equity risk premium estimates. At best, it is expected that equity risk premium for the Eurozone, USA, and Asia stand at 5.04%, 4.91%, and 7.75%, respectively. (JEL: G10; G30)
A Chromosomal Survey in Some Asiatic Species of the Muridae, with Special Regard to the Relationship of the Chromosomes upon Taxonomy

Of late years, I have been engaged in the karyological studies of mammals to find the significance of the chromosomes in relation to taxono my and phylogeny. The present study constitutes one of these series so undertaken, and deals ,with the karyotype researches of 19 species of the murine animals obtained in various localities of Asia. The data with which the present paper is concerned were secured in germ cells coming from the testicular tissues, except Tscherkia triton which was the only case I used the ovarian tissue as material.
Using Child-Centered Play Therapy as an Intervention to Reassess ADHD Diagnoses and Trauma in Children: A Literature Review

Although it is difficult to assess, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent diagnosis that exists among children. A major factor that contributes to the complexity of this disorder is the parallel symptoms presented in other diagnoses. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children has been identified as being either comorbid with ADHD, or sharing similar symptoms, which can produce potential misdiagnosis and ultimately lead to ineffective or impertinent treatment. To better determine a child’s diagnosis and plan of treatment, an approach can be implemented to assist in distinguishing between the two disorders. Child-centered play therapy (CCPT) may serve as a significant intervention to re-assess trauma versus misdiagnosis of ADHD. CCPT has shown to be highly effective in treating traumatized children, as well as minimizing their symptoms. Additionally, children diagnosed with ADHD, who were previously exposed to trauma, showed a reduction in symptoms after receiving CCPT for treatment. The purpose of this thesis is to review the relevant literature for ADHD and trauma-exposed/PTSD diagnosed in children and explore CCPT as an effective intervention to better re-assess a diagnosis. Although limited research includes CCPT as a diagnostic procedure, CCPT has shown to reduce behavioral symptoms that result from trauma and that are often confused as ADHD. More research would be needed to test and review outcomes. PLAY THERAPY AS DIAGNOSTIC REASSESSMENT 3 Using Child-Centered Play Therapy as an Intervention to Reassess ADHD Diagnoses and Trauma in Children: A Literature Review
Rüppell's Parrot: status, ecology and conservation biology

Selman, R.G. , Hunter, M.L. & Perrin, M.R. 2000. Rüppell's Parrot: status, ecology and conservation biology. Ostrich 71 (1& 2): 347–348. We have started the first in-depth study into the behaviour of Rüppell's Parrot in the wild. Here we provide the initial results with information on its breeding biology, diet and use of natural and artificial water pools in northern Namibia. A variety of predators are listed, the terrestrial and arboreal ones causing complete losses at some nests. Illegal trade is the major threat to this species.
The evolution of distorted beliefs vs. mistaken choices under asymmetric error costs

Abstract Abstract Why do people sometimes hold unjustified beliefs and make harmful choices? Three hypotheses include (a) contemporary incentives in which some errors cost more than others, (b) cognitive biases evolved to manage ancestral incentives with variation in error costs and (c) social learning based on choice frequencies. With both modelling and a behavioural experiment, we examined all three mechanisms. The model and experiment support the conclusion that contemporary cost asymmetries affect choices by increasing the rate of cheap errors to reduce the rate of expensive errors. Our model shows that a cognitive bias can distort the evolution of beliefs and in turn behaviour. Unless the bias is strong, however, beliefs often evolve in the correct direction. This suggests limitations on how cognitive biases shape choices, which further indicates that detecting the behavioural consequences of biased cognition may sometimes be challenging. Our experiment used a prime intended to activate a bias called ‘hyperactive agency detection’, and the prime had no detectable effect on choices. Finally, both the model and experiment show that frequency-dependent social learning can generate choice dynamics in which some populations converge on widespread errors, but this outcome hinges on the other two mechanisms being neutral with respect to choice.
SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE BIOFILM FORMATION IN FOOD BORNE SALMONELLA SPECIES

Article History: Received 14, April, 2015 Received in revised form 23, April, 2015 Accepted 13, May, 2015 Published online 28, May, 2015 Antibiotic treatment to control majority of infections was slowly becoming a problematic as most of the antibacterial studies were designed for the free planktonic forms. But when it comes to biofilm studies, the antibiotic usage has been restricted due to the formation of thick wall in the biofilms. So for a proper understanding of the physiological mechanism on antibacterial activities, nanoparticles have been used. The food borne pathogens like Salmonella typhii and Salmonella paratyphii have been used in our study to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on them. Our results suggest that there was a significant increase in the percent of inhibition among the two species with the increasing concentration of the nanoparticles. But there was no such effect found between the species. It was found from the results that the rate of percent inhibition was concentration dependent. The inhibition of biofilm formation in Salmonella typhii was found to be 0.74± 0.13, 0.69± 0.3, 0.61± 0.23, 0.5± 0.13, 0.42± 0.38, 0.28± 0.29 and 0.17± 0.53 for control, 50μg/ml, 100μg/ml, 200μg/ml, 300μg/ml, 400μg/ml and 500μg/ml respectively. The effect of nanoparticles on the biofilm formation and primary adherence assay was found to be concentration dependent.
Protein kinase C-α activation by phorbol ester induces secretion of gelatinase B/MMP-9 through ERK 1/2 pathway in capillary endothelial cells

: In the present study, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was found to increase secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and in vitro invasion in bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells, which were blocked by specific inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC). To elucidate molecular mechanisms involved, we studied the effect of PMA on the activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and found that PMA activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MAPK kinase, significantly reduced PMA-induced MMP-9 secretion as well as in vitro invasion of BCE cells. Treatment of safingol, a specific PKC-alpha inhibitor, and introduction of antisense PKC-alpha into these cells reduced the secretion of MMP-9 and activation of ERK1/2 by PMA. Furthermore, we employed adenoviral PKC-alpha and found that weak PMA stimulation (5 ng/ml) enhanced ERK1/2 activation and MMP-9 secretion in these cells. Therefore, we strongly suggest that PKC-alpha, partly at least, have a crucial role in MMP-9 secretion and invasion of BCE cells which are mediated via ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Effect of supplemental chromium on performance and blood serum biochemistry of dairy cows

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental chromium on performance and blood serum biochemistry of dairy cows. Thus, 20 multiparous Holstein cows (parity 3) were equally divided into two groups, group one (control), which received no chromium supplementation and group two (treatment) which received 5 g/day chromium methionine from week 5 prior to parturition until 12 weeks thereafter. Milk production and milk composition were evaluated on 4, 8 and 12 weeks after parturition. Serum biochemistry concentrations (serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, and cortisol and insulin concentration) and blood hematology (red blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and percentage neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophiles, eosinophils and ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes) were measured on 2 and 5 weeks prior to parturition and 1 and 4 weeks thereafter. Results indicate that milk production was significantly affected by chromium-methionine supplementation during the entire period (P<0.01) but no significant effect on milk composition was found. Supplemental chromium had no significant effect on serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin concentration and blood hematology parameters (P<0.05). However, chromium supplementation tended to increase significantly, serum total protein concentration and decrease cortisol concentration (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that chromium methionine supplementation in multiparous dairy cows diet may improve their milk yield in transition period.
Effect of steroid-free follicular fluid antiserum on reproductive endocrine profile at estrous and metestrus phases in female rats

Inhibins are important ovarian hormones that control the action of the pituitary gonadotropins which regulate the ovarian cycle. The present experiment aims to study the role of steroid-free follicular fluid-antibodies (S-FBFF-ab) on the reproductive hormone levels at estrus and metestrus phases in cycling female rats. Follicular fluid was collected from mature ovarian follicles, centrifuged and treatment with activated charcoal. S-FBFF was isolated and used for immunization of adult male rabbits. After 5 injections, blood was withdrawn for separation of S-FBFF-ab. Eighty mature female rats were assigned into control and treatment groups (40 each). At late metestrus phase, females of the control were injected intra-peritoneally with 100 μL of physiological saline, whereas treated females were injected intra-peritoneally with 100 μL of S-FBFF-ab. At early estrus and early metestrus phases of each estrous cycle, serum concentrations of inhibin-B, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and prolactin (PRL) were estimated. The results revealed that S-FBFF-ab has inhibin immuno-neutralization effect, which caused elevation in the concentrations of serum FSH and E2, and significant decline of serum PRL and inhibinB, at early estrus, whereas significant elevation of E2 and PRL, and significant decline of serum FSH, at early metestrus. Furthermore, the results of gene expression revealed a significant elevation of ovarian aromatase gene at both early estrus and early metestrus phases, whereas pituitary PRL gene showed significant decline at early estrus phase and significant elevation at early metestrus phase. In conclusion, passive immunization against S-FBFF could augment the reproductive efficiency through increase reproductive endocrine activity.
Effect of dietary fat type on fatty acids profile

Fat feeding, through saturated fat (SF) and unsaturated fat (USF) in broiler reflects on the composition of muscles meat and liver. The objective of this study to find the reflection of the dietary type fat on fatty acids profile in main carcass muscles and liver for both sex of broiler strain (Ross-308). The experiment was done on one-day old (two genders) of 50 birds in four groups C, T1, T2 and T3. The fattening was 42 days in length, consisting of pre-starter (7 days), starter (9 days), grower (17 days) and finisher (5 days) periods. Treatments were C group (5% packed fat), and T1 ( 2.5 % packed fat +2.5% sunflower oil), T2 (2.5% packed fat +2.5% rapeseed oil), T3 (2.5% packed fat +1.25 rapeseed +1.25% sunflower oil). There were significant differences (P<0.01) among groups about percentage saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) in breast, thigh muscles and liver. The general result pointed to in female breast muscle, best value were in group T3 for UFA/SFA, PUFA/MUFA and MUFA/ SFA are 1.62, 0.019 and 1.59 respectively, for male breast best value for the same data were in C (1.06), T2 (0.02) and C (1.06) respectively. In female high for the same parameter, best value were in T1 (1.15), T2 (0.008) and T1 (1.148) respectively, for male were in T1 (0.92), T3 (0.023) and C (0.92) respectively. For liver parameters best value found for female in C (1.04), T3 (0.024), and C (1.030), while for liver male were in T3 (1.69), T2 (0.02) and T3 (1.66) respectively.
Recent Trends on Teacher Education Reform in Japan

1) Fifty Years of “Open System” – two types of institutes It is a well-known fact that the two major principles of teacher education in Japan are "Teacher Education at Universities" and "Open System for Teachers‟ License". "Teacher Education at Universities" means that the basic status for school teacher is Bachelor Degree, four years after secondary education. Although there are three certificate level according to degrees, 1st class license with BA degree is regarded as the standard to be a school teacher. Present advanced/premier license with MA degree has not so much priority in the status as a school teacher.
ESTIMATION OF COMBINING ABILITY IN SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) THROUGH DIALLEL ANALYSIS

The present investigation was carried out to estimate the combining ability in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through diallel analysis. The six genotypes viz., TMV 3, TMV 4, TMV 6, TMV 7, VRI 1 and VRI 2 were crossed in all possible combinations. The ratio of GCA/SCA was above one indicated that the role of additive gene action for the character’s days to 50 percent flowering, plant height at maturity, 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant. Hence, direct selection or recurrent selection can be employed for improvement of these traits. Based on gca effects, the parent TMV 7 was identified as superior parent followed by TMV 6, TMV 3 and TMV 4. Among hybrids TMV 6 X TMV 7, TMV 4 X TMV 7 and TMV 3 X TMV 6 were the best for exploitation of heterosis.
Anatomical and histological studies on the cervical canal of Rahmani sheep

Macroscopic and microscopic findings of Rahmani sheep cervical canal were evaluated for designing a trans-cervical catheter. The study was carried out on 160 cervices divided into four groups: (Group A; young follicular, Group B; old follicular, Group C; young luteal and Group D; old luteal). All morphometric parameters of cervical canals of each group including length, average length and the external os diameter and shape were measured and tabulated. Epoxy casts were made to demonstrate the anatomic variations of each group. Data collected were statistically analysed using ANOVA. One hundred and twenty tissue sections from each group were sectioned and stained with Harris haematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome stain for demonstration of collagen fibres, Alcian blue pH 2.5 for demonstration of acidic mucins and PAS technique for demonstration of neutral mucins. In conclusion, the current study is the first report on the morphometric structure of the cervical canal of native Egyptian Rahmani ewes.
LRNF 30(01).book(LRNF_A_274165.fm)

Contrast induced nephropathy, a leading cause of new-onset renal failure in U.S. hospitals, may be accelerated by concurrent RAAS blockade in CKD patients. Current literature is inconclusive. Between September 2002 and February 2005, we prospectively enrolled all CKD patients on RAAS blockade who developed contrast-induced nephropathy. RAAS blockade was discontinued, standard nephrology care applied, and eGFR by MDRD was monitored. Seven patients (M:F, 3:4; age, 72.3 years) were enrolled. Mean duration of RAAS blockade at enrollment was 25.8 months. Baseline vs. enrollment eGFR was 45.5 ± 17 vs. 16.6 ± 6.8 mL/min/1.73 m, p = 0.009. Three of the seven patients (43%) required dialysis, one temporarily. Two older patients (mean age, 81.5 vs. 68.6 years, p = 0.017) progressed to ESRD. eGFR in five non-ESRD patients increased from 18.5 ± 7.1 to 41.0 ± 27.1 mL/min/1.73 m after 29.4 months. Baseline eGFR was lower in the two patients who developed ESRD (29.5 vs. 51.2 mL/min/1.73 m). Two patients exhibited very steep serum creatinine trajectories, indicative of rapid loss of eGFR. New onset proteinuria was observed. We have demonstrated very bad renal outcomes with three of seven (43%) patients requiring dialysis, with two (29%) progressing to ESRD. In two patients, loss of eGFR was clearly accelerated. These findings support the view that concurrent RAAS blockade, particularly in older CKD patients, exacerbates contrast-induced nephropathy. Also, lower baseline eGFR predicted worse renal outcomes. We support the recommendation to withhold RAAS blockade, 48 hours before contrast exposure, to improve renal outcomes.
Carcinosarcoma-like endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus: case report of rare non-high-grade tumor

Michal Zámečník1,2, Jozef Kuruc3, Michal Gaman4, Branislav Bystrický5,6 1MEDIREX GROUP ACADEMY, n. o. , Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2Agel, a. s. , Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Nový Jičín, Czech Republic 3Medicyt, s. r. o. , Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Trenčín, Slovak Republic 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty Hospital, Trenčín, Slovak Republic 5Oncology Department, Faculty Hospital, Trenčín, Slovak Republic 6Faculty of Health, Alexander Dubček University, Trenčín, Slovak Republic