Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ileal Digestibility of Phosphorus in Plant Origin Feedstuffs Fed for Broiler Chickens: The Effect of Microbial Phytase

The study was conducted to determine the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID) of phosphorus (P) in plant origin feedstuffs of corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (corn DDGS), wheat bran (WB), wheat grain (WG), wheat middling (WM),soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CNM), cottonseed meal (CSM), and peanut meal (PM), fed to total 612 male arbor acres broilers with or without microbial phytase. A 23 day-old birds with initial body weight (BW) of 939±8.89g were randomly allocated to a factorial 2 × 8 arrangement with a randomized complete block design of sixteen dietary treatments and one P-free diet, with six replicates (cage) and six birds/cage. A purified phosphorus-free (P-free) diet was also prepared to determined endogenous P loss (EPL). The ileal digesta were collected from euthanized birds and analyzed. The study results indicated that the SID of P in WB (38.46%), PM (37.98%), WG (36.90%), and WM (35.69%) was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than SBM (52.01%), corn DDGS (49.41%), CNM (47.02%), and CSM (46.09%) based diets. The Addition of microbial phytase to SBM and WM improved the SID of P by more than 40%, while the others improved by about 34.80%, which is from 31.55% in CNM to 37.77% in CSM. The least improvement was recorded in corn DDGS (5.12%). The feedstuffs ileal digestible P equivalent value of 1000 FTU/kg phytase was ranged from 0.2g to 1.6g. The ileal EPL of the current study was determined to be 46.28 mg/kg DMI. In conclusion, the application of microbial phytase and formulation of plant origin broiler diets based on SID of P can reasonably help to utilize phosphorus resources for reducing feed costs and minimize environmental pollution.
First report of nephrocutaneous fistula in a cat

Nephrocutaneous fistula (NCF) is a very serious rare renal disorder that had not been recorded in cats. This case report describes - for the first time - the features and treatment of a nephrocutaneous fistula in a 3-year-old female intact Persian cat. The cat was referred with a history of lethargy, anorexia, vomiting and recurrent abscess discharging purulent material at the right flank region. Moreover, the cat had a history of cystitis, urethritis and urethral obstruction since 12 months. Physical, laboratory, radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations were performed. The cat was treated with simple nephrectomy and excision of the fistulous tract. The animal showed dehydration, fever, painful abdominal palpation, right nephromegaly, anaemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis and moderate azotaemia. Abdominal radiographs revealed a large radiodense mass at the mid abdomen displacing the intestine caudally. Ultrasonography revealed a renal abscess with marked enlargement of the right kidney, hyperechoic purulent content and loss of parenchymal details of the right kidney. Complete recovery of the cat without any complications was seen after surgical treatment. In conclusion, nephrocutaneous fistula should be listed as one of renal diseases in cats. Nephrectomy as well as excision of the fistulous tract appear to be successful in the treatment of this disorder in cats.
Endo-P-1 , 4-Glucanase Gene of Bacillus subtilis DLG

The DNA sequence of the BaciUus subtlis DLG endo-,B-1,4-glucanase gene was determined, and the in vivo site of transcription initiation was located. Immediately upstream from the transcription start site were sequences closely resembling those recognized by B. subtilis &43-RNA polymerase. Two possible ribosomebinding sites were observed downstream from the transcription start site. These were followed by a long open reading frame capable of encoding a protein of ca. 55,000 daltons. A signal sequence, typical of those present in gram-positive organisms, was observed at the amino terminus of the open reading frame. Purification of the mature exocellular 0-1,4-glucanase and subsequent amino-terminal protein sequencing defined the site of signal sequence processing to be between two alanine residues following the hydrophobic portion of the signal sequence. The probability of additional carboxy-terminal processing of the 0-1,4-glucanase precursor is discussed. Si nuclease protection studies showed that the amount of ,B-1,4-glucanase mRNA in cells increased significantly as the culture entered the stationary phase. In addition, glucose was found to dramatically stimulate the amount of ,B-1,4-glucanase mRNA in vivo. Finally, the specffic activities of purified B. subtilis DLG endo-0-1,4-glucanase and Trichoderma reesei QM9414 endo-f-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) were compared by using the noncrystalline cellulosic substrate trinitrophenyl-carboxymethyl cellulose.
Evaluating Diet and Sleep Quality of Shift and Non-Shift Nurses Using Three-Factor Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Healthy Eating Index-2015

Background and ObjectiveaaThe objective of this study was to determine whether there were differences in diet and sleep quality between shift and non-shift nurses. Nurses among healthcare professionals mostly work in shifts. Therefore, they may face many health problems. Changes of their dietary pattern and sleep quality might be among underlying causes for their health risks. MethodsaaThis descriptive and cross-sectional research enrolled 298 nurses working in two hospitals who volunteered to participate in this study. The work schedule of nurses included a non-shift work and a shift-work. Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using a three-factor PSQI model. ResultsaaBased on the three-factor PSQI model, scores for sleep efficiency, sleep quality, and daily disturbances were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in shift nurses than in non-shift nurses. Among individuals with good sleep quality, the diet quality of shift nurses was worse (p < 0.05) than that of non-shift nurses. Among individuals with poor sleep quality, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in total diet quality score according to shift status. ConclusionsaaShift work was significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Among nurses with good sleep quality, the diet quality of shift nurses was worse than that of non-shift nurses. Sleep Med Res 2020;11(2):94-101
Benevolence toward Men and Political Conservatism among Married and Never-Married Women

Research indicates that sexism allows women to justify men’s privileged status; indeed, sexism has predicted women’s conservative vote choice (Cassese & Barnes, 2018). Benevolent attitudes toward men (BM) are based in beliefs about women and men’s interdependence (Glick & Fiske, 1999). Married women may experience greater interdependence and may desire to preserve beneficial structural power systems. The present research examined the relationship of BM to political conservatism among married and never-married women. Married and never-married women recruited from Prolific Academic completed a measure of political conservatism and the 10-item BM scale (Glick & Fiske, 1999). The results indicated that, as expected, married women were more conservative than were never-married women and expressed stronger BM. Further, married (vs. never-married) women and women who had more (vs. less) BM exhibited greater conservativism. Finally, the association between BM and greater conservatism was stronger for married than for never-married women. These conclusions remained when age and race were controlled. The political role of gendered attitudes typically focuses on perceptions of women, but attitudes toward men appear to separately influence political views.
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR IMPROVING OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF KIWIFRUIT

Osmotic conditions for kiwifruit dehydration were optimized using central composite rotatable design and response surface methodology. The optimal conditions included osmotic time of 4.29 h, sucrose concentration of 70 %, and osmotic temperature of 50 °C. At these optimum values, water loss (WL) exhibited a response value of 45.64 %. The optimized condition was validated and found to be fitted with the experimental values. Quadratic regression equations describing the effects of these factors on WL were developed. The osmotic dehydration of kiwifruit was significantly influenced by osmotic temperature, osmotic time, and sucrose concentration. Moreover, osmotic process at relatively high temperatures caused a significantly depletion of VC content in kiwifruit.
Visuospatial Working Memory Development across Years of Schooling

Background. Visuospatial working memory changes across years of schooling. According to data from the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies available in the literature, conclusions about the linear or nonlinear nature of changes in visuospatial working memory depend on the period of time analyzed and the frequency of the measurements. However, which of the two nonlinear models of functional dependence (e.g., quadratic or cubic) best describes the developmental trajectories of visuospatial memory across schooling is still an open question. Objective. The results of statistical analysis of the development of visuospatial working memory in girls and boys across school years from Grade 1 to Grade 11 are presented. Additionally, the relationship between age and years of schooling is investigated, as is the influence of these factors on the developmental trajectory of visuospatial working memory. Design. This cross-sectional study involved 1,246 pupils who were in Grades 1 to 11 at one public school; their ages ranged from 6.8 to 19.1 years (50.4% were boys). The students’ visuospatial working memory was measured using the computerized “Sequences” test, which is based on the “Corsi block-tapping task” and has been adapted for Russian schoolchildren. Correlations, dispersion analysis, and polynomial regression were carried out, and both linear and nonlinear models of the functional dependence of working memory on years of schooling were tested. Results. The results of the multiple regression analysis suggest that number of years of schooling is a more important factor than age with regard to temporal changes in visuospatial working memory. When we introduced “years of schooling” and “age” predictors into a single model, we found the year of schooling to be the most significant predictor of visuospatial working memory (β = 1.07;p = 0.000). While age remained a statistically significant predictor (β = -0.52;p = 0.008), it did not significantly improve the model characteristics (corrected R2 = 0.30; F(2) = 253.9; p<0.01). The results of the polynomial regression showed that during schooling, the developmental trajectories of visuospatial working memory are nonlinear for both genders. In girls, both the quadratic and cubic models explained 36% of the variance in visuospatial working memory, but the quadratic model had the least number of parameters and the best fit to data. In boys, despite all theoretical models being suitable, the largest percentage of the variance in visuospatial working memory values was explained using the cubic model (R2= 0.31; p = 0.000). Thus, the characteristic of change in visuospatial working memory for girls had a quadratic relationship that stabilized after Grade 8, while for boys, the relationship was cubic, with the period of stabilization between Grades 5 and 6, and then further growth. Conclusion. We concluded that the number of years of study is an important factor in the development of visuospatial working memory during the schooling period, but that there are other factors involved as well.
Ginger Relief Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background One of the major adverse effects of chemotherapy is chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) which can obviously reduce patients’ quality of life. Ginger (Zingiber officinale), an herbal supplement, has been used for centuries for gastrointestinal complaints. Although many surveys have been conducted to find the efficiency of ginger on CINV, its benefit has not been proven yet. We aimed to find ginger’s efficiency on pediatric patients throughout their chemotherapy cycles. Materials and Methods: This was a double-blinded, randomized, single institutional, placebocontrolled trial conducted at oncology ward in Aliasghar children’s hospital, Tehran, Iran. The study took place between October 2017 and October 2018. We included 49 chemotherapy cycles, 25 cycles for treatment group and 24 cycles for placebo groups. Intervention group took encapsulated ginger which contained 240mg of powdered ginger (Nausophar), and control group took placebo. All patients took the study medication four times per day (every 6h), starting on the first day of chemotherapy until 24h after completion of chemotherapy. Frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting were measured by Edmonton’s Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) from the first day of chemotherapy until 24h after completion of chemotherapy. Results: The median age of all participants was 13 (IQR=8-14 year-old). Fourteen patients were male (28.6%), and 35 patients were female (71.4%). There were no significant differences in distribution of patients’ characteristics in two groups. The frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting were significantly lower in ginger group (p<0.05). Conclusion According to our findings, ginger acts as an efficient antiemetic for pediatric patients. We recommend that ginger be prescribed as well as other antiemetics like Granisetron, with no loss of function.
Effects of earthworms and plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil

Both earthworms and plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are ubiquitous and important for promoting circulation of plant macronutrients. Two series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of earthworm casts and activities on the growth of PGPR, and the inoculation of earthworms and PGPR on the availability of N, P, and K in soils, respectively. During a short incubation period (0–34 h), the extracts of earthworm (Pheretima guillelmi)-worked soil significantly (p < 0.05) increased the abundance of the three species of PGPR, including N-fixing bacteria (NFB) (Azotobacter chroococcum HKN-5), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Bacillus megaterium HKP-1), and K-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) (B. mucilaginous HKK-1), in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth. There were synergistic effects of dual inoculation of earthworms and PGPR on increasing the concentrations of NH-N, (NO + NO)-N, NaHCO3-extractable P, and NH4OAc-extractable K in the corresponding soils. Bioavailable N (the sum of NH-N and [NO + NO]-N) in the dual inoculation was 4 to 24 times those inoculated with earthworms or NFB alone, respectively. The significantly higher concentrations of bioavailable N and P in the dual inoculation of earthworms and NFB or PSB may be due to the higher abundance of PGPR and/or higher activities of urease and acid phosphatase than those of single inoculation of NFB or PSB, respectively. Dual inoculation of earthworms and PGPR would be most effective in reducing the need for chemical fertilizers in agriculture.
Advance Research on Nutraceutical Composition of Mature Jute Leaves

This study investigated the effect of plant age on the nutrients of jute leaves [Corchorus capsularis (CVL-1)]. Jute seeds were sown on Jute Seed Production and Research Centre, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, an experimental field and the leaves were harvested on three day basis interval from the 15 day to 33 day after seed sowing (DASS) when senescence has started setting in. The moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre and ash of the plant leaves were determined using AOAC standard methods. The results obtained showed high moisture content which decreased from the 15 day after seed sowing (DASS) till the 33 DASS (82.46%-48.58%), the minimum value for ash (7.84%) was observed at 18 DASS while the maximum value 14.35% was observed at the 33 DASS. The crude protein content increased from 15 DASS (19.01%) till 24 DASS (26.46%) and reduced till final harvesting at 33 DASS (16.65%), fat content ranges from 1.54%-2.95%, fibre content increased from the 15 DASS till 33 DASS. On the other hand, the energy value of mature (DASS) 100 g dried leaf was 111 KJ. The study indicated that as the leaf matures the nutritional quality increases and the optimum value for crude protein was observed at 24 DASS. It also contain relatively high levels of phytochemical components, the processing and preparation methods prior to consumption reduce their final consumed nutraceutical amount.
Iraqi EFL Students' Perspective on Speaking Anxiety: A Pilot Study

The study was aimed at understanding the EFL Iraqi students’ perspective on speaking anxiety. Specifically, the study investigated the causes of speaking anxiety based on data collected for a pilot study involving two Iraqi EFL postgraduate students in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Pseudonyms were used to refer to the participants as Omer and Sarah. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with the participants. The interview sessions took approximately 15-20 minutes for each participant and were videotaped and audiotaped. Semi-structured interview with 15 questions and probes were used. The results showed that the speaking anxiety experienced by the two Iraqi students were due to the class atmosphere, the teacher’s attitudes, lack of vocabulary, rate of speech, different accent and long conversation, fear of being embarrassed and fear of failing to performance. The causes identified are rooted in Iraqi status of English as a foreign language and method of teaching English as well as the teacher’s attitude towards their students.
Informed Consent vs. Nondissent Approaches to DNAR Orders in Pediatrics: A Qualitative Comparison

Informed Consent vs. Nondissent Approaches to DNAR Orders in Pediatrics: A Qualitative Comparison Alberto Orioles1*, Ian Wolfe1,2, Wynne Morrison3,4, Donald Brunnquell1,2, Neil B Tassoni5, Nneka Sederstrom1, Kristina Catrine1, Jeremy Garrett6,7 1Division of Critical Care, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA 2University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA 3The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA 4Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, USA 5Fairview University Medical Center, Minneapolis, USA 6Children’s Mercy Bioethics Center Kansas City, Missouri, USA 7University of Missouri Kansas City, USA
Subsidiary Uncertainty Shocks and their Effect on Parent Companies

We investigate the impact of subsidiary cross-sectional uncertainty shocks on the future investment decisions of multinational European Global Ultimate Owners during the period 2007 to 2017. We expand on the academic literature by utilizing a novel data set with global coverage and annual ownership links and analyzing publicly-listed, as well as private and smaller companies. We find that Global Ultimate Owners decrease their future investment decisions in response to uncertainty shocks from their subsidiaries. We find that two standard deviations generate a 0.41% reduction in the investment rate of parent companies. More importantly, we explore the multiplying effect of financial constraints in parent companies investment decisions and find that parent-level financial constraints multiply the effect of lagged uncertainty shocks on investment rate by 4.82 times on average. Furthermore, we document that lagged uncertainty shocks also generate a decrease in intangible fixed assets and cash flows. JEL classification: D22, E22, E44, F23, G32
Exploring gender differences in selection of subjects at higher education levels in the Maldives

This paper sheds light on the higher education system of the Maldives from the perspective of gender equality between men and women. The findings presented in the paper are based on the results of a survey conducted among students enrolled in higher education institutions and on desk-research of relevant policy documents. The study explores the reasons for patterns of enrolment, reasons for selection of a particular study field and influence over the decision for selecting a discipline to study in higher education. Choices of whether they are simply down to the interest of the individuals or a matter of availability and affordability are explored in the research. Pressure from family, peers, work environment, stereotypes of masculine and feminine ideology, and availability of employment opportunities associated with particular disciplines are also discussed within the framework of this study in order to understand their relevance to deciding subject choice in higher education. The research shows that students' decisions are affected by reasons beyond subject or discipline. The study shows that a gendered dichotomy is very much prevalent in the higher education system of the Maldives.
Strategies in dealing with the Reading Section of ‘TOEFL Prediction’: a case of Aceh EFL Learners

ABSTRACTHighlighting the TOEFL prediction test, this study attempted to explore EFL learners’ strategies in dealing with the reading comprehension section of the TOEFL prediction test, both in reading the texts and tackling the questions. This study employed a qualitative research design as its approach and a semi-structured interview as the instrument to gain the data. Six participants were purposively selected from the English Language Education Department of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. They were interviewed concerning their reading strategies in dealing with the questions in the TOEFL Prediction test. The findings revealed five strategies used by the participants in contending with the TOEFL reading section, classified into reading strategy and test-taking strategy. The reading strategies consist of skimming and scanning the passages, using context to understand the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary, and utilizing background knowledge. Meanwhile, reviewing the questions and prioritizing easier questions are included in the test-taking strategy. This study proposes further research to investigate the effectiveness of particular strategies in improving EFL students’ performance in facing the reading section.ABSTRAKMengangkat topik tes TOEFL Prediksi, penelitian ini mencoba menyelidiki strategi yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa-mahasiswi Bahasa Inggris dalam menghadapi bagian Reading Comprehension di tes TOEFL, baik strategi ketika membaca teks maupun ketika menjawab soal-soal yang tersedia. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan qualitatif dan menggunakan wawancara semi-terstruktur sebagai instrument untuk menghasilkan data. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan dalam memilih enam partisipan untuk studi ini yang keenamnya berasal dari Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada lima strategi yang digunakan oleh partisipan dalam menyelesaikan TOEFL Reading Section. Kelima strategi tersebut dapat diklasifikasikan kepada reading strategy (strategi membaca) dan test-taking strategy (strategi dalam menghadapi tes). Reading strategies terdiri dari membaca teks dengan menggunakan teknik skimming and scanning, menggunakan konteks untuk dapat memahami makna dari kata-kata yang sukar, dan menggunakan background knowledge (pengetahuan sebelumnya) ketika membaca teks. Sementara mereview pertanyaan dan mengutamakan menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang lebih mudah termasuk dalam test-taking strategy yang dilakukan oleh partisipan ketika menghadapi tes. Studi ini mendukung penelitian lebih dalam kedepannya terkait keefektifan dari strategi-strategi ini dalam meningkatkan performa mahasiswa-mahasiswi Bahasa Inggris dalam menyelesaikan bagian reading comprehension.