Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Contribution of the Various Energy Systems During Maximal Work of Short Duration

The aim of this experiment was to estimate the relative contribution of the various energy delivery systems during maximal exercise tests of short duration. Twenty-five males were submitted to a VO2max test and 10-, 30-, and 90-s maximal ergocycle tests. Expiratory gases were collected with a Douglas bag during the entire 30-s test and continuously monitored with an open-circuit system during the 90-s test. Estimates of the phosphagenic component represented approximately 55%-60% of the energy expenditure during the 10-s work performance. Results of the 30-s test indicated that the relative contributions of the energy systems were 23%, 49%, and 28% for the phosphagenic, glycolytic, and oxidative pathways, respectively. For the 90-s test, these estimates were 12%, 42%, and 46% for the three metabolic systems. The highest contribution of each system during the 90-s was obtained from 5 to 15 s for the phosphagenic component, from 16 to 30 s for the glycolytic, and from 61 to 75 s for the aerobic energy systems. During the 90-s test, VO2max was reached after approximately 60 s. It is concluded that the 30 and 90 s are not strictly anaerobic although they all have a large anaerobic component.
Tactile Sensing by the Sole of the Foot Part II: Calibration and Real-time Processing

This paper introduces prototype experimental apparatus and the calibration and real-time signal processing required to investigate stability in standing, walking and running of humanoid robots using pressure sensing at the sole-of-the-foot contact. The system can provide very good spatial or temporal resolution and these can be traded off against each other dynamically to accommodate the instantaneous requirement, for example, sparsely sampling the whole sole during static balancing vs. densely sampling the impact region during walking or running. Dynamic variation in sampling policy during different phases of the gait is foreseen so as to optimise utilisation of the total sampling bandwidth available. Periodic signals like walking and running would be sampled repetitively, achieving by accumulation both high spatial and high temporal resolution.
CAPACITIVE IMAGING TECHNIQUE FOR NDE

The Capacitive imaging (CI) technique is introduced in this paper as a non‐destructive evaluation (NDE) tool. The fundamentals of the CI technique are presented. Finite element simulations were carried out to demonstrate the physical principles of this technique and characterize the CI probes. The potential of this technique for making realistic predictions to the in‐service performance of practical structures is then shown in detecting corrosion under insulation (CUI) and indentifying cracks and voids in concrete.
Adaptive control of Aerial Manipulation Vehicle

Adaptive Control of an Aerial Manipulation Vehicle is discussed here. The aerial manipulation vehicle consisting of a quadrotor and a robotic arm has a highly coupled dynamics. The nonlinear coupling introduces additional forces and moments on the quadrotor which prevents it from precisely hovering at a position and tracking of reference trajectory. A decentralized control of robotic arm and quadrotor is considered. The robotic arm is controlled by a PID approach with acceleration feedback, and the quadrotor is controlled by PD method in the inner loop and adaptive position control in the outer loop. The proposed method successfully handles the problem of hover stabilization and trajectory tracking.
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Youth With Borderline Personality Disorder

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent among individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive, emotional, and contextual experience of NSSI in 107 youth (aged 15–25 years) with BPD who had minimal prior exposure to treatment. Using ecological momentary assessment, participants completed a randomly prompted questionnaire about their affect, self-injurious thoughts, and behaviors six times per day for 6 days. Twenty-four youth with BPD engaged in 52 counts of NSSI, with 56 motives identified. Open-ended questions revealed that on occasions of NSSI, a large minority of participants could identify neither their motives (27%, n = 15) nor the environmental precipitants (46%, n = 24) for NSSI. Changes in affect revealed a pattern of increasing negative and decreasing positive affect prior to NSSI, with a reduction in negative and an increase in positive affect following NSSI. These changes were absent for those who did not engage in NSSI. Initial self-injurious thoughts and changes in negative and positive affect occurred a median of 35, 15, and 10 hr prior to NSSI, respectively. These findings suggest that youth with BPD have limited capacity to reflect on their motives and environment preceding NSSI. The patterns of affect change indicate that NSSI is maintained by reward incentives as well as negative reinforcement. The time between initial self-injurious thoughts and engagement in NSSI reveals a window of opportunity for intervention.
Enhancing Depth-Perception with Flexible Volumetric Halos

Volumetric data commonly has high depth complexity which makes it difficult to judge spatial relationships accurately. There are many different ways to enhance depth perception, such as shading, contours, and shadows. Artists and illustrators frequently employ halos for this purpose. In this technique, regions surrounding the edges of certain structures are darkened or brightened which makes it easier to judge occlusion. Based on this concept, we present a flexible method for enhancing and highlighting structures of interest using GPU-based direct volume rendering. Our approach uses an interactively defined halo transfer function to classify structures of interest based on data value, direction, and position. A feature-preserving spreading algorithm is applied to distribute seed values to neighboring locations, generating a controllably smooth field of halo intensities. These halo intensities are then mapped to colors and opacities using a halo profile function. Our method can be used to annotate features at interactive frame rates.
Expiratory flow limitation during exercise in competition cyclists.

In some trained athletes, maximal exercise ventilation is believed to be constrained by expiratory flow limitation (FL). Using the negative expiratory pressure method, we assessed whether FL was reached during a progressive maximal exercise test in 10 male competition cyclists. The cyclists reached an average maximal O2 consumption of 72 ml. kg-1. min-1 (range: 67-82 ml. kg-1. min-1) and ventilation of 147 l/min (range: 122-180 l/min) (88% of preexercise maximal voluntary ventilation in 15 s). In nine subjects, FL was absent at all levels of exercise (i.e., expiratory flow increased with negative expiratory pressure over the entire tidal volume range). One subject, the oldest in the group, exhibited FL during peak exercise. The group end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) decreased during light-to-moderate exercise by 13% (range: 5-33%) of forced vital capacity but increased as maximal exercise was approached. EELV at peak exercise and at rest were not significantly different. The end-inspiratory lung volume increased progressively throughout the exercise test. The conclusions reached are as follows: 1) most well-trained young cyclists do not reach FL even during maximal exercise, and, hence, mechanical ventilatory constraint does not limit their aerobic exercise capacity, and 2) in absence of FL, EELV decreases initially but increases during heavy exercise.
Major Depression and Allergy: Does Neuroticism Explain the Relationship?

Objective: To determine the association between major depression, neuroticism, and self-reported allergy among adults in the community. Methods: Data were drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States Survey, a nationally representative sample of 3,032 adults age 25 to 74. ANOVA and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between depression and allergy and the role of neuroticism in these relationships. These links were also examined by gender. Results: Among adults in the community, major depression was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of allergy (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.98). Higher levels of neuroticism were also significantly associated with increased likelihood of allergy (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04–1.43). Among women, major depression was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of allergy (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.15–2.41), and this relationship persisted after adjusting for demographic characteristics and neuroticism. Among men, there was no significant relationship between allergy and depression, yet neuroticism was related to allergy (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.42–1.82), which persisted after adjustment for depression. Conclusion: These data are consistent with results of previous studies showing an association between major depression and allergy among adults and extend these data by providing preliminary evidence suggesting that this association is specific to women and independent of the effects of neuroticism among women. In addition, the data provide preliminary evidence that neuroticism may be related to allergy among men, though no link between depression and allergy was found among men. Future research with prospective, longitudinal studies is needed next to understand the possible biological underpinnings of these associations. MIDUS = Midlife Development in the United States; CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIDI-SF = Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form.
Research on the Impact of Game Users' Perceived Value on Satisfaction and Loyalty - Based on the Perspectives of Hedonic Value and Utilitarian Value

As Chinese game market growing mature, cultivating loyal game users has become the new goals for game companies. Based on the theory of game users experience, this paper constructs the structural model of customer with the variables of perceived value, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and studies the relationship between the game users’ hedonic/utilitarian value and customer satisfaction/customer loyalty from the perspective of the game user utilitarian value and hedonic value. The study finds that the game users’ perceived value has a positive effect on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty; while hedonic value has a more significant effect on customer satisfaction than utilitarian value, the latter one has a greater significant effect on customer loyalty than the former one; customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty; hedonic value and utilitarian value interact and influence with each other. Implication and recommendation of this research is that enhancing the hedonic and utilitarian value of game users by game companies which is one of the effective ways to improve game users’ satisfaction and loyalty.
Robust Linear Control of (Chaotic) Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors With Uncertainties

We solve the problem of set-point (respectively, tracking) control of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor via linear time-invariant (respectively, time varying) control. Our control approach is based on the physical properties of the machine: inherent stability and robustness to external disturbances. Our analysis is carried out under mild conditions, using cascaded systems theory. For all cases: constant operating point, trajectory tracking, and with known and unknown load, we show uniform global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system with a linear controller that uses only velocity measurements. Furthermore, we explore natural extensions of our results to improve robustness with respect to external ldquodisturbancesrdquo and parametric uncertainties.
Selective Loss of AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 in Breast Cancer and Their Potential Effect on Progesterone Signaling

Progesterone plays an essential role in breast development and cancer formation. The local metabolism of progesterone may limit its interactions with the progesterone receptor (PR) and thereby act as a prereceptor regulator. Selective loss of AKR1C1, which encodes a 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [20α-HSD (EC 1.1.1.149)], and AKR1C2, which encodes a 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [3α-HSD (EC 1.1.1.52)], was found in 24 paired breast cancer samples as compared with paired normal tissues from the same individuals. In contrast, AKR1C3, which shares 84% sequence identity, and 5α-reductase type I (SRD5A1) were minimally affected. Breast cancer cell lines T-47D and MCF-7 also expressed reduced AKR1C1, whereas the breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A expressed AKR1C1 at levels comparable with those of normal breast tissues. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed loss of AKR1C1 expression in breast tumors. AKR1C3 and AKR1C1 were localized on the same myoepithelial and luminal epithelial cell layers. Suppression of ARK1C1 and AKR1C2 by selective small interfering RNAs inhibited production of 20α-dihydroprogesterone and was associated with increased progesterone in MCF-10A cells. Suppression of AKR1C1 alone or with AKR1C2 in T-47D cells led to decreased growth in the presence of progesterone. Overexpression of AKR1C1 and, to a lesser extent, AKR1C2 (but not AKR1C3) decreased progesterone-dependent PR activation of a mouse mammary tumor virus promoter in both prostate (PC-3) and breast (T-47D) cancer cell lines. We speculate that loss of AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 in breast cancer results in decreased progesterone catabolism, which, in combination with increased PR expression, may augment progesterone signaling by its nuclear receptors.
Explanation-Based Learning in Logic Programming Extended Abstract

It has been argued in the literature that logic programming provides a uniform, expressive, and semantically clean framework for all aspects explanation-based generalization. Previous treatments, however, are inadequate in that they do not work well in difficult problem domains such as theorem proving or formal program development, primarily because meta-programs for such tasks in traditional logic programming languages such as Prolog are not declarative enough. In [4] we develop a higher-order approach to explanation-based generalization in λt uProlog (an extension of λProlog by the modal tu operator) and demonstrate how previously intractable generalization problems became feasible. In this paper we review our approach and then address the problem of assimilation of generalizations. Assimilation bridges the gap between explanationbased generalization and explanation-based learning and, we believe, is too difficult for a general solution in terms of the underlying architecture, but rather must be under the programmer’s control. Our solution is to add a very limited amount of forward reasoning by extending λt uProlog with two new constructs, rule and rule_ebg which can be given a clean declarative semantics (unlike assert). While these constructs are proposed and applied in the framework of λProlog and explanation-based learning, the underlying idea is general and might also be useful for declarative search control in languages like Prolog.
Temporal constraints in viterbi alignment for speech recognition in noise

This paper addresses the problem of temporal constraints in the Viterbi algorithm using conditional transition probabilities. The results here presented suggest that in a speaker dependent small vocabulary task the statistical modelling of state durations is not relevant if the max and min state duration restrictions are imposed, and that truncated probability densities give better results than a metric previously proposed [1]. Finally, context dependent and context independent temporal restrictions are compared in a connected word speech recognition task and it is shown that the former leads to better results with the same computational load.
WE TCP-AP: Wireless Enhanced TCP-AP

Congestion control in wireless networks is strongly dependent on the dynamics and instability of wireless links. It is known that TCP experiences serious performance degradation problems in wireless networks. New approaches based on TCP try to overcome these problems but, although their performance is increased, they incur in congestion control errors, since they do not evaluate accurately the capacity and available link bandwidth in wireless networks. This is also the case of TCP-AP (Adaptive Pacing) that, although presenting clear advantages in wireless networks when compared to other TCP-based approaches, its performance is still lower than rate-based approaches. In this paper we propose a new congestion control protocol based in TCP-AP, the Wireless Enhanced TCP-AP (WE TCPAP). This protocol relies on the MAC layer information gathere by a new method to accurately estimate the available bandwidth and the path capacity over a wireless network path. The new congestion control mechanism is evaluated in different scenarios in wireless mesh and ad-hoc networks, and compared against several approaches for wireless congestion control. It is shown that the new WE TCP-AP outperforms the base TCP-AP, with a more stable behavior and better channel utilization, and its performance gets close to the one of ratebased protocols. This is a very important result, as we show that TCP-based approaches are still able to have good performance in wireless mesh and ad-hoc networks.
Rapid thermal annealing effect on GaAsBi/GaAs single quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy

The effect of rapid thermal annealing on the optical and structural properties of GaAsBi/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) is investigated. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the samples are measured at 80 K and room temperature before and after rapid thermal annealing, to ascertain any improvement in the optical quality of the material. The impact of annealing temperature on QW interface quality, layer composition, and thicknesses are studied with x-ray diffraction. For a 60 second annealing time, the low temperature peak PL intensity increases to a maximum of 1.8 times the original intensity at an annealing temperature of 500 °C. Validating this optimum annealing temperature, the room temperature PL peak intensity is seen to increase by 2.2 times. The peak position exhibits a minor blueshift of 15 meV throughout the 450–700 °C temperature range, while annealing at 750 °C produces a blue-shift on the order of 100 meV, indicating out-diffusion of bismuth from the QW. Degradation of the QW interfaces with anneal.
Anisotropic polygonal remeshing

In this paper, we propose a novel polygonal remeshing technique that exploits a key aspect of surfaces: the intrinsic anisotropy of natural or man-made geometry. In particular, we use curvature directions to drive the remeshing process, mimicking the lines that artists themselves would use when creating 3D models from scratch. After extracting and smoothing the curvature tensor field of an input genus-0 surface patch, lines of minimum and maximum curvatures are used to determine appropriate edges for the remeshed version in anisotropic regions, while spherical regions are simply point sampled since there is no natural direction of symmetry locally. As a result our technique generates polygon meshes mainly composed of quads in anisotropic regions, and of triangles in spherical regions. Our approach provides the flexibility to produce meshes ranging from isotropic to anisotropic, from coarse to dense, and from uniform to curvature adapted.
Phenotypic and genotypic Helicobacter pylori clarithromycin resistance and therapeutic outcome: benefits and limits.

INTRODUCTION Primary clarithromycin resistance is increasing worldwide, and it has been regarded as the main factor reducing the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori therapy. However, the clinical consequence of either phenotypic or genotypic resistance still remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate: (i) the concordance between phenotypic (culture) and genotypic (real-time PCR) tests in assessing primary clarithromycin resistance; and (ii) the role of both in therapeutic outcome. METHODS A post hoc subgroup study was selected from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, enrolling 146 patients with dyspepsia or peptic ulcers never previously treated. Real-time PCR and Etest on bacterial culture for assessing clarithromycin resistance were performed. [(13)C]urea breath test (UBT), histology and rapid urease tests at entry and UBT after 4-8 weeks were used to assess infection and eradication. All patients received a 10 day therapy. RESULTS Prevalence of clarithromycin phenotypic resistance was significantly lower as compared with genotypic resistance (18.4% versus 37.6%, P < 0.001). A concordance between the two methods was present in 71.2% of cases. A significant difference in the eradication rate was seen between clarithromycin-susceptible and -resistant strains, when assessed with either Etest (92.4% versus 55.5%, P < 0.001) or a PCR-based method (94.5% versus 70.9%; P < 0.001). Of note, the eradication rate showed the lowest value (30.7%) when phenotypic bacterial resistance was genetically linked to the A2143G point mutation. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that: (i) there is a relevant discordance between the two methods; and (ii) phenotypic clarithromycin resistance markedly reduces H. pylori eradication when it is linked to a specific point mutation.
Learning Categories and their Instances by Contextual Features

We present a 3-step framework that learns categories and their instances from natural language text based on given training examples. Step 1 extracts contexts of training examples as rules describing this category from text, considering part of speech, capitalization and category membership as features. Step 2 selects high quality rules using two consequent filters. The first filter is based on the number of rule occurrences, the second filter takes two non-independent characteristics into account: a rule's precision and the amount of instances it acquires. Our framework adapts the filter's threshold values to the respective category and the textual genre by automatically evaluating rule sets resulting from different filter settings and selecting the best performing rule set accordingly. Step 3 then identifies new instances of a category using the filtered rules applied within a previously proposed algorithm. We inspect the rule filters' impact on rule set quality and evaluate our framework by learning first names, last names, professions and cities from a hitherto unexplored textual genre -- search engine result snippets -- and achieve high precision on average.
The conditional diagnosability of locally twisted cubes

The growing size of the multiprocessor systems increases their vulnerability to component failures. It is crucial to locate and to replace the faulty processors to maintain system's high reliability. The fault diagnosis is the process of identifying faulty processors in a system through testing. The conditional diagnosis requires that for each processor v in a system, all the processors that are directly connected to v do not fail at the same time. In this paper, the conditional diagnosability of the locally twisted cubes LTQn under the comparison diagnosis model is 3n-5 when n≫6. Hence the conditional diagnosability of LTQn is three times larger than its classical diagnosability.
Localization of a mobile robot using images of a moving target

In this paper, the localization of a mobile robot using images of a moving target is introduced. Typical objects are stored in the database for the localization of the mobile robot. With a fixed camera, a perspective camera model and a given object database, an image frame can provide the pose (distance and orientation) of the object with respect to the camera. Utilizing the consecutive image frames and motion estimation technology, the relative pose of the object with respect to the camera can be obtained accurately; and during the process, calibration of camera with respect to the world frame, i.e. localization of a mobile robot, is gradually performed. This localization scheme is demonstrated by the experiments.