Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fractional Fourier domain hopped communication method based on chirp modulation for underwater acoustic channels

To improve the data rate of underwater acoustic frequency-hopped communications, frequency hopping is applied to different orders of fractional Fourier domain (FrFD), to enable non-intrusive, bandwidth-limited acoustic communications. An FrFD frequency-hopped communication method based on chirp modulation, namely multiple chirp shift keying-FrFD hopping (MCSK-FrFDH), is proposed for underwater acoustic channels. Validated by both simulations and experimental results, this method can reach a bandwidth efficiency twice more than conventional frequency-hopped methods with the same data rate and anti-multipath capability, suggesting that the proposed method achieves a better performance than the traditional frequencyhopped communication in underwater acoustic communication channels. Results also show that in practical scenarios, the MCSKFrFDH system with longer symbol length performs better at the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), while the system with larger frequency sweeping range performs better at a high SNR.
A New Approach To Solve Fuzzy System Of Linear Equations

System of linear equations is a common mathematical phenomenon which occurs in science and engineering problems. But fuzzy systems of linear equations are obtained when we deal with uncertain problems. Various methods are proposed by different authors to solve linear equations for both fuzzy and fully fuzzy systems. Here we have developed an alternative and straight forward arithmetic to handle uncertain interval and fuzzy values. In this arithmetic we write the interval into crisp form by some transformation and used the mathematical limit concept. Fuzzy values are converted into   cut form and then the monotonic functions are operated through the proposed method. Two algorithms have proposed to solve Fully Fuzzy Linear System (FFLS) of equations. Finally some example problems are considered for both fuzzy and fully fuzzy system of linear equations and the obtained results are compared, which are found to be in good argument.
Effects of culture conditions on the growth rate and population size of Apocyclops dengizicus (Arthropoda: Copepoda)

The study aimed to investigate the growth rate and the population size of the copepod Apocyclops dengizicus under different culture conditions of salinity, temperature, and diet. Five salinities, four levels of temperature, and four diet ratios of baker’s yeast and the microalgae were employed for a 20-day experiment. The results showed that A. dengizicus could survive in every experimental concentration of salinity after 20 days of culture, of which the highest growth rate and the largest population size were recorded at a salinity of 15 ppt with values of 0.26 ± 0.01d-1 and 1221 ± 270 individuals, respectively. As for temperature, the A. dengizicus population thrived best at 34°C, with a growth rate reaching 0.29 ± 0.01d-1 and a maximum population size of 2097.0 ± 193.29 individuals obtained at the end of the experiment. Moreover, a diet with 25% Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 75% Chlorella vulgaris showed the best population development (0.25 ± 0.01d-1, 997.5 ± 1 92.09 individuals).
Stochastic formulations of the parametrix method

In this manuscript, we consider stochastic expressions of the parametrix method for solutions of d -dimensional stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with drift coefficients which belong to L p (R d ), p > d . We prove the existence and Holder continuity of probability density functions for distributions of solutions at fixed points and obtain an explicit expansion via (stochastic) parametrix methods. We also obtain Gaussian type upper and lower bounds for these probability density functions.
The Longitudinal Development of Unit Concepts in Area and Volume Measurement Contexts: A Case Study.

This report describes the longitudinal development of one student, Drew, in terms of his unit concepts in area and volume measurement situations across Grades 2 through 5. Data were collected during individual interviews and an open-response assessment within the context of a four-year longitudinal teaching experiment. Results indicate that Drew’s use of unit developed over time with respect to identifying and operating on composite units. In addition, his understanding of the conceptual link between the iteration of a composite unit and the application of multiplication in both area and volume measurement contexts developed gradually. Furthermore, changes in his use of unit in an area measurement context often precipitated changes in his use of unit in a volume measurement context.
Event‐triggered sliding mode‐based tracking control for uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems

In this study, the authors present a robust trajectory tracking control for a class of uncertain Euler-Lagrange (EL) systems using event-triggered-based sliding mode strategy. Here, the sliding mode-based tracking control is designed to ensure the robust stability of EL systems in the presence of external disturbances/uncertainties. Unlike periodic implementation, in event-triggering strategy, the control signal is updated on demand subject to system stability, so the frequent periodic execution of control tasks is avoided. Here, the event-triggered implementation of the sliding mode-based tracking control achieves the robust stability with desired steady-state performance and reduced computations of control. To realise this, sufficient conditions are derived using Lyapunov analysis such that the proposed controller yields desired tracking performance. It is shown that the triggering condition proposed here ensures Zeno free execution of triggering sequence. Finally, the theoretical development of the study is illustrated through numerical simulation on a two-link robotic manipulator.
Multichannel Signal Detection Based on Wald Test in Subspace Interference and Gaussian Noise

This paper investigates the problem of detecting a multichannel signal embedded in subspace interference and Gaussian noise. The interference lies in a known subspace but with unknown coordinates, while the noise, in the general sense, consisting of thermal noise and clutter, has an unknown covariance matrix. To estimate the covariance matrix, it is assumed that there are sufficient signal-free training data. Two cases are considered, namely, the homogeneous environment (HE) and partially HE (PHE). The test and training data in the HE have the same noise covariance matrix, while the test and training data in the PHE share the same noise covariance matrix up to an unknown scaling factor. We derive the corresponding Wald tests both in the HE and PHE. Remarkably, these two detectors reject the clutter by using the sample covariance matrix, and then reject interference and integrate signal simultaneously through the oblique projection. Numerical examples show that the two proposed detectors can provide better detection performance than existing detectors in some situations.
Opinion dynamics on typical complex networks and applications

This thesis investigates the dynamics in models of how opinions within a network of people, or of entities, change over time before arriving at a consensus. Considering the system as a complex network, continuous models are derived based on differential equations with each node in the network representing a person or entity. The interactions between the entities are explored and the influence of the topology of the network is established. It is shown that the structure and evolving mechanisms are crucial factors to determine whether there will be a stable consensus and to establish the network efficiency at which the system approaches a consensus. Both linear and nonlinear dynamics are considered. A new algorithm of a network partition is developed based on the fact that some nodes achieve local consensus earlier than the global stable solution. The experimental results show that the algorithm outperforms existing methods. Special consideration is given to networks which undergo an explosive phase transition, when a small number of new connections cause a rapid change in network dynamics with consensus occurring after the transition point. Results indicate that the consideration of spatial variations incorporating a social outcast strongly influence the dynamics approaching consensus. The methods are applied to illustrate the two party election competition, which demonstrates characteristic behaviour prior to majority.
On the model building for transmission line cables: a Bayesian approach

ABSTRACT This work is aimed at building models to predict the bending vibrations of stranded cables used in high-voltage transmission lines. The present approach encompasses model calibration, validation and selection based on a statistical framework. Model calibration is tackled using a Bayesian framework and the Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis (DRAM) sampling algorithm is employed to explore the posterior probability of the unknown model parameters. Two model classes are proposed to predict the bending vibrations of a typical high-voltage stranded cable. Both model classes account for the aerodynamic damping with the surrounding medium and the bending stiffness of the cable. The difference between the two relies on the damping model chosen to quantify the energy dissipation due to friction among the constituent wires of the cable. Model ranking is rigorously quantified by means of a Bayesian model class selection approach, in which both the data-fitting capability and complexity of each model class are simultaneously taken into account. Experimental tests are performed on a laboratory span with a typical high-voltage stranded cable. The measured frequency response functions are the observable quantities employed in the Bayesian model updating for the two model classes proposed. Both model classes provide comparable and accurate predictions for the cable’s frequency response functions within the range [5, 25] Hz, with the fractional derivative-based model class providing the most accurate predictions. Nonetheless, both model classes failed to accurately reproduce the measured cable’s dynamic response within the frequency range [25, 30] Hz.
Tropical Cyclone Activity in the High‐Resolution Community Earth System Model and the Impact of Ocean Coupling

High‐resolution Atmosphere General Circulation Models (AGCMs) are capable of directly simulating realistic tropical cyclone (TC) statistics, providing a promising approach for TC‐climate studies. Active air‐sea coupling in a coupled model framework is essential to capturing TC‐ocean interactions, which can influence TC‐climate connections on interannual to decadal time scales. Here we investigate how the choices of ocean coupling can affect the directly simulated TCs using high‐resolution configurations of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). We performed a suite of high‐resolution, multidecadal, global‐scale CESM simulations in which the atmosphere (∼0.25° grid spacing) is configured with three different levels of ocean coupling: prescribed climatological sea surface temperature (SST) (ATM), mixed layer ocean (SLAB), and dynamic ocean (CPL). We find that different levels of ocean coupling can influence simulated TC frequency, geographical distributions, and storm intensity. ATM simulates more storms and higher overall storm intensity than the coupled simulations. It also simulates higher TC track density over the eastern Pacific and the North Atlantic, while TC tracks are relatively sparse within CPL and SLAB for these regions. Storm intensification and the maximum wind speed are sensitive to the representations of local surface flux feedbacks in different coupling configurations. Key differences in storm number and distribution can be attributed to variations in the modeled large‐scale climate mean state and variability that arise from the combined effect of intrinsic model biases and air‐sea interactions. Results help to improve our understanding about the representation of TCs in high‐resolution coupled Earth system models, with important implications for TC‐climate applications.
Prediction of the contact thermal resistance of vertical carbon nanotube arrays

The vertical carbon nanotube arrays (VACNT), as a result of its flexibility and axial high thermal conductivity, exert a huge potential and play an increasingly important role in thermal interface materials. This paper proposed a model which can predict the contact thermal resistance of VACNT. The contact thermal resistance of VACNT under different pressures is calculated and compared with the experimental data. Also, the effect of variations in the surface roughness and VACNT parameters on the contact thermal resistance is investigated. Results show that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The contact thermal resistance is composed of interfacial thermal resistance, constriction thermal resistance, and VACNT resistance. Among which the interfacial thermal resistance is the major thermal resistance. The variations in VACNT length and diameter can change the bending degree of VACNT under the same pressure, which presents important implications on contact thermal resistance and can be used to optimize the contact thermal resistance of VACNT. The surface roughness exerts little effect on contact thermal resistance.
“From Stacys to Foids, a Discursive Analysis of the Incel’s Gendered Spectrum of Political Agency”

ABSTRACT Incels are an Internet subculture focused on anti-feminism and extremist political rhetoric. Their ideology is largely based on the idea that men are marginalized within western society, while women wield a majority of “soft political power. ” Yet, there has been little exploration on the ways incels codify gender. Though they espouse gender as an ascribed status in binary terms, they portray gender as a stratified dynamic achievement. This research uses data gathered from four popular incel message boards analyzing their “interpretive repertoire,” describing the social position of women based on “doing gender” across 98 separate discussion threads, resulting in approximately 2,760 pages of discussion to analyze. Findings show that Incels use the central metaphor of sex to reference how socio-political power ought to be distributed in society and how women are categorized along a gendered spectrum of political agency that ranks women as either unattainable prizes to be won or dehumanized enemies to be defeated, reifying the Incel community’s lack of agency and their advocating for and approval of gendered violence.
Assessing the relationship between digital divide and citizens’ political participation in Africa

ABSTRACT The proliferation of access to digital technology has raised remarkable interest regarding its various effects on everyday life, with recent studies largely focusing on financial inclusion. This study examined the influence of digital inequalities on political participation in Africa’s nascent democracies using the sixth wave of Afrobarometer data covering 36 countries and involving 49 896 respondents. The descriptive analysis shows that nearly 70 per cent of the respondents voted, were interested in public affairs, and took part in political discussions. Furthermore, digital inequalities were found to be geographically correlated, with the highest prevalence in Southern Africa. Using the OLS regression technique, we observe that access to the internet and mobile phones and usage thereof have strong positive relationships with various aspects of political participation, among others. Our results suggest the need to promote policies directed towards reducing digital inequalities, including internet usage subsidies, to engage citizens in political participation.
Hedychium wangmoense (Zingiberaceae), a New Species from Southwest Guizhou, China

Hedychium wangmoense F.J. Mou & X. Hu (Zingiberaceae), a new species from southwest Guizhou Province, China, is described and illustrated, including the information on its phenology, distribution, habitat, and conservation status. Hedychium wangmoense is morphologically most similar to H. forrestii by having involute bracts, large labella and wide lateral staminodes, but can be distinguished from it by its orange-pink and faintly fragrant flowers (vs. white and fragrant flowers), longer corolla tubes, wider lateral staminodes, larger labella, longer stamens, as well as glabrous bracts (vs. pilose bracts). A key to species of Hedychium in China is also provided.
Influence of pressure gradients on wall pressure beneath a turbulent boundary layer

This study investigates the effects of a pressure gradient on the wall pressure beneath equilibrium turbulent boundary layers. Excitation of the walls of a vehicle by turbulent boundary layers indeed constitutes a major source of interior noise and it is necessary to take into account the presence of a pressure gradient to represent the effect of the curvature of the walls. With this aim, large-eddy simulations of turbulent boundary layers in the presence of both mild adverse and mild favourable pressure gradients are carried out by solving the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. This method provides both the aeroacoustic contribution and the hydrodynamic wall-pressure fluctuations. A critical comparison with existing databases, including recent measurements, is conducted to assess the influence of a free stream pressure gradient. The analyses of wall-pressure spectral densities show an increase in the low-frequency content from adverse to favourable conditions, yielding higher integrated levels of pressure fluctuations scaled by the wall shear stress. This is accompanied by a steeper decay rate in the medium-frequency portion for adverse pressure gradients. No significant difference is found for the mean convection velocity. Frequency–wavenumber spectra including the subconvective region are presented for the first time in the presence of a pressure gradient. A scaling law for the convective ridge is proposed, and the acoustic domain is captured by the simulations. Direct acoustic emissions have similar features in all gradient cases, even if slightly higher levels are noted for boundary layers subjected to an adverse gradient.
Machine learning-based cloud forecast corrections for fusions of numerical weather prediction model and satellite data

Given the diversity of cloud forcing mechanisms, it is difficult to classify and characterize all cloud types through the depth of a specific troposphere. Importantly, different cloud families often coexist even at the same atmospheric level. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing machine learning-based cloud forecast models to fuse numerical weather prediction model and satellite data. These models were built for the dual purpose of understanding numericalweather prediction model error trends aswell as improving the accuracy and sensitivity of the forecasts. The framework implements a Unet-Convolutional Neural Network (UNet-CNN) with features extracted from clouds observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-16) as well as clouds predicted by the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). The fundamental idea behind this novel framework is the application of UNet-CNN for separate variable sets extracted from GOES-16 and COAMPS to characterize and predict broad families of clouds that share similar physical characteristics. A quantitative assessment and evaluation based on an independent dataset for upper tropospheric (high) clouds suggests that UNet-CNN models capture the complexity and error trends of combined data from GOES-16 and COAMPS, and also improve forecast accuracy and sensitivity for different lead time forecasts (3-12 hours). This paper includes an overview of the machine learning frameworks as well as an illustrative example of their application, a comparative assessment of results for upper tropospheric clouds.
Effect of protein-based nanoencapsulation on viability of probiotic bacteria under hostile conditions

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of protein-based nanoencapsulation on the viability and stability of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus in digestion conditions and model food. In the study’s first phase, protein-based nanoparticles were prepared by the pH cycling method, and then the probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, was nano-encapsulated. Two types of proteins, namely, whey protein and zein protein, were used to encapsulate probiotics individually. The obtained nano-encapsulated probiotics were characterized by performing particle size, SEM, FTIR, and in vitro assay was performed. Then, free and nano-encapsulated probiotics were added to the model food (yogurt) and analyzed for microbiological and sensory evaluation. Nanoencapsulation with both types of proteins significantly (p < .05) improved the stability and viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The particle size for whey and zein nano-encapsulated probiotics ranged between 96 and 100 nm. The encapsulation efficiency for whey and zein nanoparticles was recorded at 96% and 87%, respectively. SEM images for both zein and whey nanoparticles showed their irregular spherical structure. FTIR spectra suggested that the mechanism of entrapment involved in water-insoluble or physical properties was mostly responsible for the generated loaded nanoparticle. In vitro analysis illustrated that whey nanoencapsulation showed the highest viability in SGC and SIC, followed by zein nanoencapsulation and free probiotics showed the minimum viability. Protein nanoencapsulation also significantly affected the sensory properties of food products. Conclusively, the nanoencapsulation of probiotics using protein nanoparticles helps prolong the viability and stability of probiotics under-simulated gastrointestinal digestion conditions and in yogurt.
Investigation of the critical edge ion heat flux for L-H transitions in Alcator C-Mod and its dependence on BT

This paper presents investigations on the role of the edge ion heat flux for transitions from L-mode to H-mode in Alcator C-Mod. Previous results from the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak indicated that a critical value of edge ion heat flux per particle is needed for the transition. Analysis of C-Mod data confirms this result. The edge ion heat flux is indeed found to increase linearly with density at given magnetic field and plasma current. Furthermore, the Alcator C-Mod data indicate that the edge ion heat flux at the L-H transition also increases with magnetic field. Combining the data from Alcator C-Mod and ASDEX Upgrade yields a general expression for the edge ion heat flux at the L-H transition. These results are discussed from the point of view of the possible physics mechanism of the L-H transition. They are also compared to the L-H power threshold scaling and an extrapolation for ITER is given.