Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resonant Exchange Scattering: Polarization Dependence and Correlation Function

The cross section for X-ray resonant exchange scattering is reformulated in terms of linear polarization states perpendicular and parallel to the scattering plane, a basis particularly well suited to synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments. The explicit polarization dependence of the terms is calculated for the electric dipole and quadrupole contributions. This expression, in turn, is rewritten in an orthonormal basis to highlight the dependence of the cross section on each component of the magnetic moment. This has the benefit of providing an empirically useful expression for the cross section. Diffraction patterns from a few simple magnetic structures are calculated. Finally, the correlation function measured at each resonant harmonic is derived.
FABRICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES FROM LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION

This paper presents the fabrication of carbon nanotubes from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) by chemical vapour deposition with Fe/SiO2 as a catalyst. The morphology and tube diameter of the carbon nanotubes are dependent on the flow rates of H2 and LPG, and the crystal growth temperature. The obtained CNTs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analyses. The results indicate that the suitable conditions for forming the nano-sized tubes are 700 °C for 2 hours with the H2 and LPG flow rate of 140 mL·min–1 and 80 mL·min–1, respectively. The multi-walled structures with long, less defective tubes and identical external diameter of 52 nm and BET surface area of 93 m2·g–1 are obtained.
Contrastive Analysis: A Case for Noun Affixes of Indonesia Language and Banten Javanese Language

This study is aiming to discuss the contrastive analysis of noun affixes of Banten Javanese Language and Indonesian Language. The research method used in this research was qualitative. The technique used in data collection is document study from Indonesian Language and Banten Javanese textbooks used in elementary schools. The data analysis technique used was contrastive analysis by comparing these two languages. This result shows that both Banten Javanese and Indonesian Language have their similarities and differences in terms of noun. The similarities are reflected on prefixes, suffixes, and simulfixes; the differences are reflected on infixes. The result also concludes that the differences may hinder the process of teaching and learning Indonesian Language as L2; the similarities, on the contrary, may serve the facilities to learn Indonesian Language as L2.
EFFECT OF SALINITY ON CITRUS

Generally, Citrus species are grown in tropical and sub-tropical climates where the rainfall is limited, so irrigation is required to sustain the plant growth, creating salinity problems. Citrus species are very sensitive to salinity. Salinity affects seed germination, plant growth, fruit yield and it causes nutrient imbalances in the plants. The most harmful constituent of saline soils is NaCl. Under saline conditions, Na and Cl ions increase in the plant and K and Mn decrease. To select salt tolerant rootstocks for citrus, screening of germplasm is required. Both in vivo and in vitro techniques have been used for screening. NaCl is the principal salt used for the screening experiments. The plants tolerate salinity either by exclusion or less transportation of Na and Cl to aerial plant parts. Na, Cl and Na:K ratio are important chemical markers, which can be used for approximating the salt tolerance in citrus rootstocks. Callus browning can also be considered as an index for screening purposes. Cleopatra mandarin, Rangpur lime, Citrus macrophylla, Sunki mandarin and Shekwasha mandarin are rootstocks tolerant to salinity and rough lemon and trifoliate orange are sensitive. However, variation in salt tolerance exists among the strains of various citrus rootstocks.
Machine learning-assisted cross-slice radio resource optimization: Implementation framework and algorithmic solution

This work has been supported by the Spanish Research Council and FEDER funds under SONAR 5G grant (ref. TEC2017-82651-R) and by the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Ministry of Business and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia under grant 2019FI_B1 00102.
Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Coal Ash

Both molecular dynamics (MD) and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations were performed to simulate coal ashes using the Guillot-Sator model in this work. The structural and transport properties of coal ashes at high temperatures have been obtained. Superheating of coal ash system with anorthite crystal structure initial configuration has been observed for MD simulation which explains the discrepancy between previous MD simulation results and FactSage thermochemical calculations. The fluxing effects of both calcium oxide and sodium oxide have been investigated systematically through MD and NEMD simulations. Moreover, the viscosities of coal ash systems have been computed by two methods: (1) Stokes-Einstein equation; (2) NEMD simulations. Estimations of viscosities for various coal ash systems based on Stokes-Einstein equation exhibit a strong temperature dependence of viscosity, which agrees with previous experimental results. On the other hand, NEMD simulation results that showed a strong shear-thinning feature, failed to reproduce this strong temperature dependence of viscosity, possibly due to the short simulation time. Nevertheless, NEMD simulations not only provide us detailed information about atoms dynamics under shear, but also allow us to model the coal ash system far from equilibrium which cannot be accessed by thermodynamics calculation using software like FactSage.
Urodynamic indings of bladder dysfunction in patients with Type 2 DM

Bladder dysfunction is one of the most common complications of diabetes, even exceeding nephropathy or peripheral neuropathy. Diabetic cystopathyaffects patients in both sexes, and its prevalence increases over time with diabetes; our concern is to evaluate the urodynamic indings of bladder dysfunction in diabetic patients. A cross sectional study conducted at Ghazi AlHariri Surgical specializedhospital during the period from the irsts of January 2018 to the end ofMar 2019, inwhich 118 diabetic patients (71 female and 47 male) with lower urinary tract symptoms were enrolled in the current study. The mean age (62±13) years old, 37.3% of patients presented with urgency as themain type of dysfunction. Diabetic cystopathywere found in (40,4%) of the male and (43.7%) of the female, while detrusor over activity were found in (15.5%) of the male and (18.3%) of the female, bladder outlet obstruction were represent (8.5%) of the male with signi icant association. Highly significant (<0.001) increase in female compliance and low rate than that in male but highly signi icant decrease were found in female illing IV pressure. We concluded that Bladder over activity of the patients in the current study was found in more than half of the patients and diabetic cystopathy is the most common urodynamic inding in diabetic bladder dysfunction in patients with DM.
Quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant in wastewater by allele-specific RT-qPCR

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a critical public health tool in tracking the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in wastewater has to-date relied on genomic sequencing, which lacks sensitivity necessary to detect low variant abundances in diluted and mixed wastewater samples. Here, we develop and present an open-source method based on allele specific RT-qPCR (AS RT-qPCR) that detects and quantifies the B.1. 1.7 variant, targeting spike protein mutations at three independent genomic loci highly predictive of B.1. 1.7 (HV69/70del, Y144del, and A570D). Our assays can reliably detect and quantify low levels of B.1. 1.7 with low cross-reactivity, and at variant proportions between 0.1% and 1% in a background of mixed SARS-CoV-2. Applying our method to wastewater samples from the United States, we track B.1. 1.7 occurrence over time in 19 communities. AS RT-qPCR results align with clinical trends, and summation of B.1. 1.7 and wild-type sequences quantified by our assays strongly correlate with SARS-CoV-2 levels indicated by the US CDC N1/N2 assay. This work paves the path for rapid inexpensive surveillance of B.1. 1.7 and other SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater.
Effects of marine reserve characteristics on the protection of fish populations: a meta-analysis

Meta-analyses of published data for 19 marine reserves reveal that marine protected areas enhance species richness consistently, but their effect on fish abundance is more variable. Overall, there was a slight (11%) but significant increase in fish species number inside marine reserves, with all reserves sharing a common effect. There was a substantial but non-significant increase in overall fish abundance inside marine reserves compared to adjacent, non-reserve areas. When only species that are the target of fisheries were considered, fish abundance was significantly higher (by 28%) within reserve boundaries. Marine reserves vary significantly in the extent and direction of their response. This variability in relative abundance was not attributable to differences in survey methodology among studies, nor correlated with reserve characteristics such as reserve area, years since protection, latitude nor species diversity. The effectiveness of marine reserves in enhancing fish abundance may be largely related to the intensity of exploitation outside reserve boundaries and to the composition of the fish community within boundaries. It is recommended that studies of marine reserve effectiveness should routinely report fishing intensity, effectiveness of enforcement and habitat characteristics. 2001 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
Word Sense Disambiguation: A Seventy Year Perspective

This chapter considers automatic word sense disambiguation (WSD) methodologies since the late 1940s and examines the inﬂuences and advances that have been made over the past 70 years. One of the goals of the chapter is to bring current WSD methodology into the perspective of the past 70 years of work on the topic, and consider, in the context of its entire history–both methodological and theoretical–possible next directions. A second goal is to make researchers aware of this long history and the commonalities of methodology that characterize it, both in order to appreciate the intellectual development within WSD research and make the point that many “new” approaches often have their roots in much earlier (and rarely cited)
Determinants of Board Size and Its Composition: Evidence from Nigerian Manufacturing Sector

This paper examines the determinants of corporate board size and its composition in Nigeria using listed manufacturing firms as study area. The objective of the paper is to determine the effect of firms’ characteristic on board size. The study collected secondary information from thirty listed manufacturing firms that met the requirement for selection as sample between 2006 and 2018 through Nigerian Stock Exchange’s Fact Books. Multiple regression analysis was used as analytical technique. Using panel data OLS pooled method of estimation, the paper found that firm size, profitability, and growth opportunities are strong determinants of board size. Similarly, the results indicated that CEO-duality and profitability were determinants of board composition in the study. It is recommended that appointment into corporate board should be based on proven demonstration of high level of expertise, merit and due consideration to firms’ characteristics instead of mundane factors that would not enhance shareholders’ wealth.
emoval of fluoride from aqueous media by Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 agnetic nanoparticles

A novel magnetic nanosized adsorbent using hydrous aluminum oxide embedded with Fe3O4 nanoparticle (Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 NPs), was prepared and applied to remove excessive fluoride from aqueous solution. This adsorbent combines the advantages of magnetic nanoparticle and hydrous aluminum oxide floc with magnetic separability and high affinity toward fluoride, which provides distinctive merits including easy preparation, high adsorption capacity, easy isolation from sample solutions by the application of an external magnetic field. The adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir equation was 88.48 mg g−1 at pH 6.5. Main factors affecting the removal of fluoride, such as solution pH, temperature, adsorption time, initial fluoride concentration and co-existing anions were investigated. The adsorption capacity increased with 0 ydrous aluminum oxide temperature and the kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order rate equation. The enthalpy change ( H ) and entropy change ( S0) was 6.836 kJ mol−1 and 41.65 J mol−1 K−1, which substantiates the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the fluoride adsorption process. Furthermore, the residual concentration of fluoride using Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 NPs as adsorbent could reach 0.3 mg L−1 with an initial concentration of 20 mg L−1, which met the standard of World Health Organization (WHO) norms for drinking water quality. All of the results suggested that the Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 NPs with strong and specific affinity to fluoride ents could be excellent adsorb
Competition and Selection in Credit Markets

We present both theory and evidence that increased competition may decrease rather than increase consumer welfare in subprime credit markets. We present a model of lending markets with imperfect competition, adverse selection and costly lender screening. In more competitive markets, lenders have lower market shares, and thus lower incentives to monitor borrowers. Thus, when markets are competitive, all lenders face a riskier pool of borrowers, which can lead interest rates to be higher, and consumer welfare to be lower. We provide evidence for the model’s predictions in the auto loan market using administrative credit panel data.
The Relationship between Lymphocyte Subsets and the Prognosis and Genomic Features of Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study

Background: It has been shown that the prognosis of malignant tumors was closely related to the composition and function of immune system, which was associated with genomic features. However, the prognostic value of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets and its relationship with genomic features in lung cancer has not been analyzed extensively. Therefore, this study was intended to evaluate the relationship between lymphocyte subsets and the prognosis and genomic features of lung cancer. Methods: 598 lung cancer patients with complete data were included in this study between 2011 and 2018. Kaplan-Meier method and Pearson analyses were conducted to study the prognostic value of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and the rate of CD4/CD8. Results: Patients with EGFR mutation has lower mean percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes than patients with EGFR wild-type (24.71 versus 26.62, respectively, P=0.041). Patients with high CD3 had better OS than those with low (27 versus 14 months, P=0.002). Patients with higher CD4 and CD4/CD8 rate had longer OS than with lower (27 versus 12 months, P=0.002; 25 versus 9 months, P=0.008, respectively). Patients with high CD8 had poor PFS than low group (6 versus 11 months, P=0.009). There was a negative correlation between CD3+ and CD4+ cells and OS in smoking stage Ⅱ female lung cancer patients (PCC = 0.626, P<0.05; PCC = 0.534, P<0.05, respectively). In stage Ⅰ male lung cancer patients, CD8+T cell is negatively correlated with OS and PFS (PCC = 0.295, P<0.05; PCC = 0.280, P<0.05, respectively) Conclusions: Lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation had lower percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes. Lymphocyte subsets might be potential prognostic biomarkers of lung cancer, but they are affected by gender and tumor stage.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Cyclic Water Gas Shift Reactor

The Cyclic Water Gas Shift Reactor (CWGSR) is a periodically operated fixed bed reactor based on the steam iron process. Carbon monoxide free hydrogen can be produced from a feed stock of syngas and steam. An oxygen storing fixed bed of iron oxide enables the CWGSR to operate as gas converter and separator at the same time. The objectives of this work were to contribute to the development of the CWGSR through (a) the measurement and modelling of gas-solid reaction kinetics, (b) the experimental analysis of a CWGSR test plant and (c) the formulation of a reactor model that incorporates all these findings. The reaction kinetics were measured on 400 μm particles of stabilised iron oxide material via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a CO/CO2/N2 and H2/N2 atmosphere of varying composition and temperature. A number of gas-solid reaction models from the literature were compared and rate expression formulated taking the thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of the investigated system into account. Two models, the Avrami Model (JMAK) and the Uniform Conversion Model (UCM), were fitted to the experimental data with similar accuracy. A test stand was constructed for the experimental studies on the CWGSR. A reactor of 1 m length was operated at 750 ◦C in flow reversal and forward flow mode. The concentrations of CO, CO2 and H2 at the reactor outlet were measured over time. The formation and movement of two distinct reaction fronts could be observed, confirming the assumption of a previously published shortcut model of the CWGSR [46]. Predicted advantages of the flow reversal operating mode [47] could not be confirmed experimentally. This was attributed to experimental challenges like fixed bed material degradation in the final timeframe of this experimental study. A dynamic, isothermal, 1-dimensional reactor model, based on the mass balances for the gas and solid phases was formulated. With the application of the a priori determined reaction rates, the model could be fitted to previously aquired experimental results. Two additional parameters were required to account for iron oxide material changes during the preparation of the fixed bed. The fitted model could successfully reproduce the experimental results of a complete CWGSR operating cycle. The validated model of this work confirmed the prediction of different operating regimes by a previously published model [46]. These operating regimes of the CWGSR are characterized by substantially different performance parameters and are key to the future development of the CWGSR.
DETECTION OF Blastocystis hominis AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING HOSPITALS OF DUHOK CITY – KURDISTAN REGION – IRAQ

Blastocystis hominis is a common intestinal parasite causing diarrhea in human and animals in developing countries. The present cross-sectional study was carried out during the period from November 2017 to August 2018 in Duhok city Kurdistan region of Iraq. A total 579 stool samples from both gender and different ages (one year->60 years) suffering from primary gastrointestinal disorders who attended Azadi Teaching, Golan, and Heevi Teaching Pediatric Hospitals in Duhok City – Kurdistan Region. The stool samples were divided into two portions, the first portion was cultured in Ringer’s solution containing 10% horse serum and 0.05% asparagine and incubated at 37 °C for 3–4 days, then a specimen from the culture was screened under the light microscope (40X) for the detection of Blastocystis. While the second sample was mixed with physiological saline (0.85%) and Lugol’s iodine, and then examined under the light microscope with objective lens (40X) for the detection of other intestinal protozoa. Identification of parasites was done according to morphological features. In this study 16.93% (98 of 579) of the enrolled patients were positive for the cysts of B. hominis in their stools. The age group > 60 years showed the highest rate of infection (21.28%), while the lowest rate was 13.4% in the age group from 31-40 year, with non-significant difference(P>0.05) between them. The rate was higher (20.79%) in the children group versus adults (16.11%) with also non-significant difference (P>0.05) between both groups. Furthermore, males showed higher rate (62.25%) of infection versus females (37.75%), but this rate was statistically non-significant (P>0.05). Regarding other recorded intestinal protozoa, Entamoeba histolytica was recorded at a rate of 11.23 % of the positive cases (98 patients) with B. hominis. Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference (P >0.05) with this association. Giardia lamblia was reported in 8.16% of positive cases with B. hominis, this association was statistically significant (P <0.05).
DISSECTING MOLECULAR EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP OF KRAMERIACEAE INFERRED FROM PHYLOTRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS

The systematic relationships of Krameriaceae have changed considerably. The phylotranscriptomic data sets provide highly informative data for resolving deeper‐level phylogenetic relationships. The phylotranscriptomic analyses to infer evolutionary relationships of Krameriaceae in the order Zygophyllales using the Minimum Evolution, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood methods recovered similar topology and taxon proximity. Under the Zygophyllales clade, Krameria lanceolata Torr. of the family Krameriaceae nested with Tribulus eichlerianus K.L. Wilson and Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville belonging to the family Zygophyllaceae with strong nodal support. The phylotranscriptomic analyses suggest that the family Krameriaceae is sister to Zygophyllaceae. Introduction The order Zygophyllales Link in the Fabids comprises two families viz. Zygophyllaceae R. Br. and Krameriaceae Dumort. (APG IV, 2016). The Zygophyllaceae commonly known as the ‘Caltrop Family’, possesses mostly opposite, compound leaves, pinnate or 2-foliolate with paired persistent stipules, flowers with disc, distinct stamens bearing basal scales, polycarpellary syncarpous with 5 carpals and 4-5 loculed ovary. The Zygophyllaceae consists of c. 25 genera [e.g. Augea Thunberg, Balanites Delile, Bulnesia C. Gay, Fagonia L. , Gonopterodendron (Grisebach) Godoy-Bürki, Guaiacum L. , Kallstroemia Scopoli, Kelleronia Schinz, Larrea Cavanilles, Melocarpum (Engl.) Beier & Thulin, Metharme Engler, Morkillia Rose & Painter, Neoluederitzia Schinz, Pintoa C. Gay, Plectrocarpa Gillies, Porlieria Ruíz & Pavón, Roepera A. de Jussieu, Seetzenia R. Brown, Sericodes A. Gray, Sisyndite Sonder, Tetraena Maximowicz, Tribulopis R. Br. , Tribulus L. , Viscainoa Greene, Zygophyllum L. ] and c. 325 species under 5 subfamilies (e.g. Larreoideae, Morkillioideae, Seetzenioideae, Tribuloideae and Zygophylloideae), distributed in dry and warm or cool temperate and tropical regions (Beier et al., 2004; Brummitt, 2007; APG IV, 2016; Godoy-Bürki et al., 2018). The monogeneric family Krameriaceae (e.g. Krameria Loefl.) commonly known as ‘Rhatany’ is characterized by small-leaved, moderate-sized shrubs to subshrubs with somewhat woody underground stems and roots with the prostrate *Corresponding author. Email: ajmalpdrc@gmail.com Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Email: oliur.bot@du.ac. bd Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. Email: joongku@cnu.ac. kr 3 Post Graduate Department of Botany, KLE Society’s, Basavaprabhu Kore College, Chikodi591 201, Belagavi, Karnataka, India 4 Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India 5 Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies in Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur 795 003, India