Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the residual of a finite group with semi-subnormal subgroups

A subgroup A of a group G is called seminormal in G, if there exists a subgroup B such that G = AB and AX is a subgroup of G for every subgroup X of B. We introduce the new concept that unites subnormality and seminormality. A subgroup A of a group G is called semi-subnormal in G, if A is subnormal in G or seminormal in G. In this paper, the F-residual of a group G = AB with semi-subnormal subgroups A and B such that A,B ∈ F, where F is a saturated formation and U ⊆ F, is studied. Here U is the class of all supersoluble groups and the F-residual of G is the intersection of all those normal subgroups N of G for which G/N ∈ F.
QUEENSLAND DRUG TRENDS 2011 Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS)

The Illicit Drugs Reporting System (IDRS) is an illicit drug monitoring system which has been conducted in all states and territories of Australia since 2003, and forms part of Drug Trends. The purpose is to provide a coordinated approach to monitoring the use, market features, and harms of illicit drugs, particularly those that are injected. This report describes important annual data for 2017 and 15-year trends in use of illicit drugs in Queensland.
Non-conveyance of patients: Challenges to decision-making in emergency care

Background: It has been suggested that emergency care providers’ decision-making competence should be strengthened regarding whether or not to transport the patient. This qualitative study describes challenges related to non-conveyance situations from emergency care providers’ perspective. Methods: Data were collected by a questionnaire from emergency care providers of a hospital district in Finland in 2014. Responses to open questions were analyzed using inductive content analysis to examine the difficulty of non-conveyance decisions, reasons for non-conveyance and challenges related to the non-conveyance decision after immediate care. Results: The majority (70%) of care providers did not experienced difficulty in making non-conveyance decisions, although those working in basic emergence care found decision-making slightly more challenging than workers in advanced emergency care. Care providers’ reasons for not transporting patients were most commonly connected with their assessment of care needs and the conclusion that no hospital care was required. Other reasons involved treating the patient on site, psychosocial reasons and not seeing the patient as an emergency care client. Difficulty of reaching mutual understanding with patients was considered the greatest challenge. Other challenges included worrying about the patient’s coping at home and problems in inter-professional co-operation, related to hurry and the concern that doctors did not always document requests for care instructions. Conclusions: The results suggest that care providers’ skills in assessing care needs and making decisions based on assessments are a decisive factor in non-conveyance situations. Reaching a mutual understanding with the patient is the greatest challenge.
Learning as a Matter of Concern Reviewing Conventional, Sociocultural and Socio-material Perspectives

Abstract : Early progressive and sociocultural theories in education share unexpected similarities with recent research concerned with the socio-materiality of learning settings. Therefore, this scenario retraces the shift from learning as transmission and guided rediscovery towards a performative account of learning as translation. In particular, this paper elaborates the differences between conventional, sociocultural and sociomaterial approaches regarding the unit of analysis, the mediation done by nonhumans and the contemplation of more fluid forms of knowledge. While retracing conceptual links and developing a sociomaterial conception of teaching(-)learning, I argue that the recent line of sociomaterial research carries on what early authors have been aiming at with the idea of practice-based, non-reductive educational science. But, due to its alternative stance on common onto-epistemological assumptions, it opens up new possibilities of collaboration between Science and Technology Studies and educational sciences where the agency of things and the mediation of knowledge emerge as matters of concern. Keywords : sociomateriality; progressive education; sociocultural theory; learning transfer; scaffolding; zone of proximal development.
Teaching associations and professionalism

Although teaching associations (TAs) have been aligned to professionalism, there is little evidence to support their actual role in developing EFL teachers’ sense of being a professional. This study explores this purported relationship through content analysis of interviews with ten members of TAs and nine non-members. Three themes emerged: status, how TAs contribute to teachers’ sense of self-worth; continuing professional development (CPD), how TAs allow teachers to acquire competencies relevant to professionalism; and impact, the influence of TAs on the professionalism of EFL as a field. Regarding status, non-members rejected members’ commitment to TA membership as confirmation of professionalism. However, all teachers agreed TAs made a considerable contribution to professionalism through CPD. Concerning impact, the only consensus was that too few teachers are aware of TAs for them to be significant. The findings suggest that TAs can play a role in professionalism provided they remain relevant to teachers’ changing contexts and consider non-members’ interests.
The Quality of Online Health-Related Information – an Emergent Consumer Health Issue

Abstract The Internet has become one of the main means of communication used by people who search for health-related information. The quality of online health-related information affects the users’ knowledge, their attitude, and their risk or health behaviour in complex ways and influences a substantial number of users in their decisions regarding diagnostic and treatment procedures. The aim of this review is to explore the benefits and risks associated with using the Internet as a source of health-related information; the relationship between the quality of the health-related information available on the Internet and the potential risks; the multiple conceptual components of the quality of health-related information; the evaluation criteria for quality health-related information; and the main approaches and initiatives that have been implemented worldwide to help improve users’ access to high-quality health-related information.
Wall-attached and wall-detached eddies in wall-bounded turbulent flows

According to Townsend’s attached eddy hypothesis (AEH), a boundary layer flow is comprised of wall-attached eddies, but to extract the part of the flow whose statistical behaviours are well described by the AEH is not at all straightforward. The objective of this work is to extract the part of the flow that can be described by the AEH, and study the statistical behaviours of the other part, which cannot be described by the AEH. In this process, two types of eddies are identified in addition to the Kolmogorov-scale eddies, i.e. wall-attached eddies and wall-detached eddies. The statistical behaviours of the wall-attached eddies are shown to be very well described by the AEH, i.e. the eddies are wall-attached, self-similar and, importantly, Gaussian, whereas the wall-detached eddies cannot be modelled by the AEH. Specifically, a decomposition scheme is proposed following Townsend (The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow, Cambridge University Press, 1976). We apply our decomposition scheme to three different flows, i.e. channel, boundary layer and atmospheric surface layer flows. The results are similar with only quantitative differences, suggesting possible universality in both the wall-attached eddies and the wall-detached eddies.
Distribuição potencial de Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer na área urbana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil

Ocotea odorifera is an endangered tree species, threatened by the urbanization process that occurs in the region of Curitiba, Parana state, among other factors. Thus, the knowledge about their geographical distribution becomes necessary to plan protected areas that mitigate the effects caused by anthropic pressures on their populations. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop a model of the potential geographic distribution of Ocotea odorifera and to verify the region of the municipality of Curitiba more relevant to its conservation. First, we georeferenced individuals of the species found in the municipality, while the model of potential distribution of the species was performed using the Maxent ® algorithm, using meteorological and topological data as environmental variables. The Jackknife test indicated the most relevant variables to the model and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) indicated its accuracy. The potential distribution map was superimposed on a shapefile file containing the delimitation of 80 protected green areas with fragments of native vegetation. As a whole, 12 occurrence points of the species were located in seven sites. The map generated by Maxent indicated that the central-northern region of Curitiba presents the highest probability of Ocotea odorifera occurrence, corresponding to 19,550.30 ha. The model explained 96.3% of the species distribution in the study area. The relative contribution and the Jackknife test indicated that the most relevant variable to the model was pedology. In future plantings of the species, the pedology should be considered during its planning, as well as other specific characteristics of the soil at each site.
On the different survival rates of Portuguese microbusinesses – the case of projects supported by microcredit

ABSTRACT In spite of their importance to the micro-entrepreneur’s life, Portuguese microbusinesses exhibit a short duration in activity. However, until now there has been scarce attention about the determinants characterizing the microbusiness and/or the micro-entrepreneur. This paper is based on a very comprehensive survey distributed to the microcredit borrowers in Portugal. The main empirical findings suggest that more mature entrepreneurs, with family support, a permanent set of customers, and an awareness of the quality of their goods and services exhibit lower hazard rates of finishing the business. Conversely, high-fixed costs, bad business locations, and periods of economic crisis significantly reduce the duration of the business.
Fostering highly engaged knowledge building communities in socioemotional and sociocognitive hybrid learning spaces

With the aim of understanding sociocognitive and socioemotional hybridity in learning spaces, we examined a semester-long learning community where students were given the freedom to advance their epistemological and social agendas across face-to-face and online settings. We collected and analyzed 1,780 online notes written by students throughout the semester and coded them based on their sociocognitive or socioemotional values. We then examined the conversation chains that students engaged in vis-a-vis their developments as a group. In addition to showing how the group developmental stages served as a macro-level context for the socioemotional and sociocognitive spaces, the analysis highlighted how deep, rapid, community knowledge building conversations spontaneously emerged in relation to the timing of socioemotional developments. This study elucidates an important dimension of hybrid spaces, emphasizing the need to design activities to support both sociocognitive and socioemotional spaces in technology-enhanced learning communities.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency alters cellular response after ischemic stroke in male mice

Elevated homocysteine concentrations are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, such as stroke. A common genetic polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677 C→T) results in elevated levels of homocysteine. MTHFR plays a critical role in the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a global methyl donor. Our previous work has demonstrated that Mthfr+/- mice, which model the MTHFR polymorphism in humans, are more vulnerable to ischemic damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which the MTHFR-deficiency changes the brain in the context of ischemic stroke injury. In the present study, three-month-old male Mthfr+/- and wild-type littermate mice were subjected to photothrombosis (PT) damage. Four weeks after PT damage, animals were tested on behavioral tasks, in vivo imaging was performed using T2-weighted MRI, and brain tissue was collected. Mthfr+/- animals used their non-impaired forepaw more during to explore the cylinder and had a larger damage volume compared to wild-type littermates. In brain tissue of Mthfr+/- mice methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A) protein levels were decreased within the damage hemisphere and increased levels in hypoxia induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in non-damage hemisphere. There was an increased anti-oxidant response in the damage site as indicated by higher levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Our results suggest that Mthfr+/- mice are more vulnerable to PT-induced stroke damage through regulation of the cellular response. The increased anti-oxidant response we observed may be compensatory to more damage.
Drug abuse and parental knowledge on factors predisposing the youth to drugs and substance abuse in Nairobi Province, Kenya

Adolescence and young adulthood are periods most associated with the onset of drug abuse worldwide. The fad that the Kenyan youth is at peril is indisputable. The youth being the future generation for any community clearly indicate that there is a need for initiatives to be targeted towards young people for the prevention of substance use and abuse. Any effective control or prevention will have to focus on demand and control structures as well as the empowerment of custodians of the children. Parents are expected to be the first custodians of their children. The objective of this study was to assess the parental awareness about drug abuse by the youth in Nairobi Province, Kenya. It also sought to find out relational problems between parents and their offspring that could precipitate this problem and how this could be modified. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which was carried out in drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation centers. Interviews were used to find in-depth information on parents' knowledge on drug abuse. From this study, it was found that most of the parents had fair knowledge on drug abuse (63%) although their knowledge was poor at the point when the children begun to take drugs. They had poor knowledge on existence of help services for drug abuse as all the parents studied had to be introduced by another party to the rehabilitation centers and they took more than 6 months to seek help (94.7%). A sizeable number of the parents (74.4%) were not aware of the age when their children started abusing drugs. More than half (62.2%) of the parents had never expected that their children would be involved in drug abuse, 32.6% associated and expected drug abuse to be found among street children, 41.3% from well to do homes and 26.1% from poor homes (x2=8.31, df=3, p 0.05), there were more cases of drug abuse among children of parents in formal and informal employment than there were for the unemployed. Most of the drug abusers had good knowledge about drugs but most of them had not known their health effects when they begun (90.2%). Majority (56.1%) had drug-abusing parents. There was a strong association between reasons leading a child into taking drugs and one's position in the family (x2=11.17, df=4, p=<0.002). The results of this study will be useful in designing strategies for parents as guidelines for developing and for implementing personal programmes of primary prevention as a way of influencing their children against drug abuse as a lifestyle.
Near-Global Atmospheric Responses to Observed Springtime Tibetan Plateau Snow Anomalies

Previous studies show that there are substantial influences of winter–spring Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow anomalies on the Asian summer monsoon and that autumn–winter TP heavy snow can lead to persisting hemispheric Pacific–North America-like responses. This study further investigates global atmospheric responses to realistic extensive spring TP snow anomalies using observations and ensemble transient model integrations. Model ensemble simulations are forced by satellite-derived observed March–May TP snow cover extent and snow water equivalent in years with heavy or light TP snow. Heavy spring TP snow causes simultaneous significant local surface cooling and precipitation decreases over and near the TP snow anomaly. Distant responses include weaker surface cooling over most Asian areas surrounding the TP, a weaker drying band extending east and northeast into the North Pacific Ocean, and increased precipitation in a region surrounding this drying band. Also, there is tropospheric cooling from the TP into the North Pacific and over most of North America and the North Atlantic Ocean. The TP snow anomaly induces a negative North Pacific Oscillation/western Pacific–like teleconnection response throughout the troposphere and stratosphere. Atmospheric responses also include significantly increased Pacific trade winds, a strengthened intertropical convergence zone over the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and an enhanced local Hadley circulation. This result suggests a near-global impact of the TP snow anomaly in nearly all seasons.
Application of response surface methodology for statistical optimization of carboxymethylcellulase by Thermomyces dupontii TK-19 using submerged fermentation

In present work, optimization f nutritional parameters for carboxymethylcellulase production was studied through experimental design. A central composite design, with 8 axial points, 16 factorial points and 6 center points were used for optimizing and predicting four independent variables such as Lactose, peptone, ammonium sulphate and Tween 80. By means of ANOVA significance of four independent variables and their possible interactions was tested with 95% of confidence level. A good agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental model. The predicted response 71.3 U/ml/min from the model showed close agreement with 72.0 U/ml/min of the experimental data which validates the effectiveness of the model while reducing the required number of experiments.
Effect of Vitamin-D supplementation on blood pressure in post-menopausal women: A community based interventional study

Introduction It has been estimated that 1 billion people worldwide have Vitamin-D deficiency or insufficiency. There is wide spread prevalence of varying degrees (50 – 90%) of Vitamin-D deficiency with low dietary calcium intake in the Indian population. Besides its role in bone metabolism Vitamin-D has additional effects on the immune system, neuromuscular function, cancer & cardiovascular system including hypertension. Hypertension affects nearly 26% of the adult population worldwide. In India, the prevalence of hypertension in the last six decades has increased from 2% to 25% among urban residents and from 2% to 15% among the rural residents. According to Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, the overall prevalence of hypertension in India by 2020 will be 159.46/1000 population. Emerging evidence suggest an inverse relation between Vitamin-D and hypertension. Vitamin-D regulates the renin – angiotensin – aldosterone system, suppresses vascular smooth muscle proliferation, inhibits secretion of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and regulates calcium and phosphorous levels, which are all mechanisms by which Vitamin-D is believed to have an impact on blood pressure. An interventional study in Vitamin-D deficient elderly women found that a combination of calcium and Vitamin-D supplementation had a greater blood pressure lowering effect than calcium supplementation alone. Up to 9% reduction in the systolic blood pressure was seen after two weeks of calcitriol supplementation in hypertensive adults in another study. However, findings from various randomized trials of Vitamin-D supplementation to lower blood pressure are inconsistent, possibly due to variability in study population, sample size, Vitamin-D dose and duration. If Vitamin-D supplementation lowers blood pressure, its widespread use would be of significant clinical implication as hypertension is one of the leading noncommunicable disease of the present generation.
An exploration of the risk factors, beliefs and management of hypertension in primary care in Nigeria : a mixed methods study

Objective: To explore ways to improve care of hypertension at the primary care level in Nigeria Background: Although the burden of communicable diseases is still present in Africa, the burden of non-communicable diseases is rapidly increasing. Chronic conditions like hypertension are common among both rural and urban populations in Nigeria. In many regions of Nigeria, the primary health care (PHC) facility is usually the only source of formal health care available. Many clients who use PHC facilities in Nigeria may have hypertension yet they often go undetected and untreated. Setting: Twenty (20) rural (N=10) and urban (N=10) primary health care centres in the Federal Capital Territory Nigeria Methods: A multi-level triangulation mixed method design was used. Participants: Forty-one (41) primary health care clients and forty-one (41) primary health care workers participated in the qualitative study while 650 clients participated in the quantitative study which investigated the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Overall, the study revealed a substantial unmet need for hypertension in primary care in Nigeria. The sample population for this study is very young with about 90% of the population aged between 18-44 years old. Overall, among those 40years and older, 94.4% (95%CI: 88.9-97.7) had 10-year risk of cardiovascular event less than 10%. Most participants had 1-2 risk factors (58.4% [95%CI: 54.5-62.3]) while 32.3% [95%CI: 28.7-36.1]) had 3-5 risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The overall hypertension service readiness and availability of the 20 primary care facilities was very low. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 27.9% (95%CI: 24.5- 31.6). The qualitative study identified important ethnic differences and similarities in beliefs about meaning, risk factors, symptoms and treatment of hypertension between PHC clients and workers. It also revealed that non-physician PHC workers were enthusiastic to take on additional roles in managing hypertension which is currently beyond their scope of duty. Conclusions: This study provides important information for improving care of hypertension in primary care in Nigeria by first highlighting the burden of hypertension and risk factors among primary care clients. Then it identifies differences and similarities in beliefs between PHC clients and PHC workers as well as current experiences of PHC workers with managing hypertension which could help inform appropriate hypertension management program in Nigeria.