Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Listening effort and fatigue among cochlear implant users: a scoping review

Introduction In challenging listening situations, speech perception with a cochlear implant (CI) remains demanding and requires high levels of listening effort, which can lead to increased levels of listening-related fatigue. The body of literature on these topics increases as the number of CI users rises. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on listening effort, fatigue, and listening-related fatigue among CI users and the measurement techniques to evaluate them. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statements were used to conduct the scoping review. The search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify all relevant studies. Results In total, 24 studies were included and suggests that CI users experience higher levels of listening effort when compared to normal hearing controls using scales, questionnaires and electroencephalogram measurements. However, executing dual-task paradigms did not reveal any difference in listening effort between both groups. Uncertainty exists regarding the difference in listening effort between unilateral, bilateral, and bimodal CI users with bilateral hearing loss due to ambiguous results. Only five studies were eligible for the research on fatigue and listening-related fatigue. Additionally, studies using objective measurement methods were lacking. Discussion This scoping review highlights the necessity for additional research on these topics. Moreover, there is a need for guidelines on how listening effort, fatigue, and listening-related fatigue should be measured to allow for study results that are comparable and support optimal rehabilitation strategies.
A leadership-based framework for improving Saudi Arabian female participation in sports

Study purpose To analyze the relationship between the leadership styles and sports engagement among female sport persons in Saudi Arabia and proposes a framework model for improving Saudi Arabian female participation in sports. Methods This study adopted an online cross-sectional survey design for achieving the research aim. Survey instruments included multi-factor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). The study participants included adult female sports persons from various sports clubs in Saudi Arabia. A total of 329 responses were received, out of which 35 were incomplete; therefore, a total of 294 responses were considered for the data analysis. Results Transformational leadership style was identified to be the most preferred style compared to transactional and laissez-fare leadership styles. Older participants (>25 years) perceived transformational leadership scales including inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration to be more effective (p < 0.05) compared to younger participants. Transformational leadership has strong positive correlation with all engagement scales (as correlation coefficient “r” was greater than 0.7, p < 0.01). Conclusion Inspirational motivation could be an effective approach in increasing the female participation in Saudi Arabia, as they are mentally unprepared due to the experience of socio-cultural restrictions for decades.
Communication Model for Promoting Historical Tourism in Kupang City

The expansion of transportation, communication, and infrastructure has accelerated the development of the tourism sector in Kupang City in recent years. However, not all sorts of tourism are successfully established, and historical tourism in Kupang City is one of them. This is ironic because, while technology has not yet made historical tourism a viable alternative for travelers, today's promotion should be simple and inexpensive. Even though the potential for tourist visits in Kupang City is fairly large, historical tourism promotion is the subject of this study due to a lack of advertising on this sort of tourist item. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to identify promotional activities and develop a communication model for promoting historic tourism in Kupang City. The case study technique was employed in this research, and the target informants were Penta Helix stakeholders in the tourism sector, they are the government, business people, communities, academics, and media. This study found that promotional activities at numerous historical tourism sites are still poorly managed. Furthermore, the underdevelopment of historical tourism is primarily due to a lack of political will on the part of leaders, the public's lack of historical information literacy, and a lack of mass media coverage, including ineffective use of social media. The model established in this study is a promotion communication model that includes the role of all stakeholders with a focus on historical tourist assets, messages, and media.
Effect Of Aerobic, Anaerobic and Resistance Exercises on Oxidative Stress Status in Healthy Sport Practitioners

The main aim of this study is to assess the effect of three different types of exercises on lipid peroxidation in sports practitioners. The experimental approach was used to conduct the study. Sixty-six healthy male sport practitioners were participated in this study and divided into three experimental groups, each group consist of 22 subjects, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups performed aerobic (AE), anaerobic exercises (AnE), and resistance exercises (RE). Before entering their experimental program, the three groups conducted the beep test for determining the VO2max for each participant, and then the blood and urine samples were taken from each participant. Thereafter, the three groups entered their specific training program for eight weeks 3 times/week. After ending the training programs, the three groups conducted the beep test again. All statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS version 25. For checking the differences between the pre- and post-test for all groups one-way ANOVA with Post Hok-Tukey was conducted. Comparisons between pre-test and post-test within one type of exercise were performed by the paired sample t-test. The effect of the three types of exercise programs for 8 weeks on lipid peroxidation biomarker (urinary MDA level) was varied. Interestingly, the 3 types of sport exercises were found to have a great effect on increasing serum antioxidants levels and decrease the levels of urinary MDA. Following the aerobic exercise, which was found to be significantly the more effective in decreasing the level of urinary MDA than anaerobic and resistance exercises. However, the resistance and aerobic exercises have a greater effect to generate the antioxidants defense than anaerobic exercise.
Changing cule of meat quality of Yak in different ages

The edible quality and nutritional quality of yak meat in different ages was determined in this research.The results showed there were major changes in edible quality and nutritional quality as yak get older. The longer the ages of yak,the deeper the meat color,the more plentiful the marble,and the increase the shear force values and muscle fiber diameter with significant differences(p0.05),water holding capacity and cooked rate raised,water loss rate dropped;The moisture content decreased gradually,and the fat content and the protein content increased gradually with significant differences(p0.05),Ash content had no significant change.It was suggested that there were significant effects of yak quality in different ages,and provided theoretical basis and technical supports of yak grade evaluation methods and standards.
Analysis of Methylglyoxal Concentration in a Group of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Prediabetes

Background: The abnormal serum concentration of methylglyoxal (MGO) has been presented as an indicator of chronic complications in diabetes (DM). Because such complications are also found in pre-DM, we decided to assess the concentration of this compound in individuals with pre-DM, without cardio-vascular diseases. Methods: Frozen samples from individuals newly diagnosed with pre-DM (N = 31) and healthy subjects (N = 11) were prepared and MGO concentration was determined using UHPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS. Results: Statistical significance was established when the groups were compared for body weight, BMI, fasting glucose level, fatty liver and use of statins but not for the other descriptive parameters. The positive linear correlation showed that the higher HbA1c, the higher MGO concentration (p = 0.01). The values of MGO were within the normal range in both groups (mean value for pre-DM: 135.44 nM (±SD = 32.67) and for the control group: 143.25 nM (±SD = 17.93); p = 0.46 (±95% CI)), with no statistical significance between the groups. Conclusions: We did not confirm the elevated MGO levels in the group of patients with pre-DM. The available data suggests a possible effect of statin intake on MGO levels. This thesis requires confirmation on a larger number of patients with an assessment of MGO levels before and after the introduction of statins.
Effect of soil and water conservation structures on smallholder farmers’ livelihood: Wenago district, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract Low standard of constructed structures, weak land management, unskilled human power, dependency on rain-fed agriculture and natural assets for household farmers’ survival make livelihood systems in the study area complex, dynamic and food insecure. The aim of this research paper was to assess and analyze the effect of physical structures on crop yield, annual income and smallholder farmers livelihood based on the data of 2020 and 2021 harvest years. The data was collected from a survey of 262 total household head farmers of which 132 were structureadopters while 130 were nonadopters (nonusers). Household heads were selected using simple random sampling techniques. The statistical data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and SPSS version 20 software while the economic data were analyzed using econometric models such as propensity score matching, average treatment effect and logistic regression. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews and personal observations were also held to gather qualitative data. The results show that the adoption of physical structures has had a significant and positive impact on smallholder farmers’ incomes, crop productivity and livelihoods. Therefore, the adoption of physical structures in Wenago district, southern Ethiopia should be continued and encouraged as much as possible.
Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties to blended NPSB fertilizer rates on tuber yield and quality parameters in Gummer district, Southern Ethiopia

Potato is an important food security and cash crop in Southern Ethiopia, including Gurage Zone. However, the productivity of the crop in the zone is far below its potential due to an array of factors. For instance, inappropriate selection of varieties and lacking information regarding the actual rate of the newly recommended blended NPSB fertilizer in the potato-producing areas, including Gummer district. Cognizant of this, the present experiment was initiated and conducted in Gummer district under supplementary irrigation, during the 2021 Belg season, with the objective of assessing the response of different potato varieties to blended NPSB fertilizer rates. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with the factorial arrangement and having three replications. There were 12 treatment combinations, comprising three potato varieties (namely; Belete, Gudanie and a local check, Askot) and four blended NPSB fertilizer rates (0, 119, 238 and 357 kg NPSB ha-1). The analysis of variance showed that the two main factors (blended NPSB fertilizer rates and potato varieties) had a statistically significant effect on all tested parameters except the effect of the blended NPSB fertilizer rates on days to 50% emergence. The interaction of the two factors had also showed a statistically significant effect on days to 90% maturity, plant height, main stem number per plant, total tuber number/hill, tuber yield per hill, large-sized tuber yield, marketable and total tuber yields (t ha-1) and tuber dry matter content. Days to 90% maturity were delayed with increased rates of blended NPSB fertilizer for all tested varieties. The highest mean plant height (69.54 cm) and number of main stems per hill (8.38) were obtained at 357 kg ha-1 NPSB with Belete variety. The highest marketable tuber yield (34.40 t ha-1), total tuber yield (35.84 t ha-1) and tuber dry matter content of (26.75%) were obtained from belete variety with the application of 238 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. The results of the economic analysis indicated that the maximum net benefit (180660.7 Birr ha-1) with a 3405.23% marginal rate of return was obtained from Belete variety with the application of 238 kg NPSB ha-1. Hence, the application of 238 kg ha-1 with belete variety can be recommended for optimum potato production with acceptable economic benefit in the study area and similar agroecology. However, since the result is only of one season and location, further research is recommended to be carried out across more seasons and locations
THE FEEDING OF TWO Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) POPULATIONS FROM JIULUI GORGE NATIONAL PARK (ROMANIA)

In the year 2008, we analyzed the trophic spectrum of a total number of 83 Salamandra salamandra individuals, captured from two habitats, Chitu and Ursului Valley. The salamanders consumed 964 animal preys, the most important ones being the Anelida-Oligocheta, Gasteropoda and Arahnida-Araneida. In the stomach contents, beside invertebrates, we had also identified vegetal fragments, shed skin and minerals.
Grazing Practices and Pasture Tenure in the Eastern Pamirs

Abstract This paper deals with the relations between grazing practices, pasture potential, and property rights in the Eastern Pamirs of Tajikistan 10 years after the privatization of 1999. It provides an overview of the spatiotemporal variability of current pasture use and livestock numbers. Assumptions about pasture potential are reconsidered in relation to animals' forage needs in order to draw field-based conclusions regarding over- or underuse in particular areas. Data are derived from interdisciplinary research on post-Soviet pastoralism and associated human–environment interactions. We show that pastoralists in the Eastern Pamirs face several problems: As the land cover resources are meager and variable and hay meadows for winter fodder are rare, herd mobility or external forage inputs are necessary to compensate for weather-related shortages. The current multiseasonal pasture use—a change from the mono-seasonal use of Soviet state farms—discourages plant regeneration. Competition between pastoralist groups is exacerbated by unresolved questions about formal user rights. Conflicts seem inevitable, limiting the sustainable use of natural resources. Based on 2 telling examples, we show that pastures close to villages are used year round, particularly in winter, and are heavily overgrazed. There is less grazing pressure on summer pastures, but some distant and hardly accessible summer pastures show high livestock numbers in summer, contradicting former opinions about their underuse.
Influence of sarcopenia on postoperative complications in patients undergoing autologous microsurgical breast reconstruction: an inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis

Background Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and power. Preoperative sarcopenia may be associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications after autologous free-flap breast reconstruction surgery; however, this relationship is controversial. Objectives This study aimed to determine whether preoperative sarcopenia is associated with a high complication rate in patients undergoing autologous free-flap breast reconstruction. Methods Patients who underwent autologous free-flap breast reconstruction at our hospital between 2019 and 2021 were included in the study. Data on significant complications requiring surgical intervention were retrospectively collected from the medical records. Sarcopenia was defined as having a skeletal muscle index value <41 cm2/m2. The skeletal muscle index was calculated by dividing the sum of the psoas and iliopsoas muscle areas at the level of the third lumbar vertebra by the patient’s height in meters squared. The relationship between preoperative sarcopenia and postoperative complications was investigated using an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis. Results Among the 203 participants, 90 (44.33%) had preoperative sarcopenia. The general patient characteristics were similar between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups after IPTW adjustment. Sarcopenia did not significantly increase the risk of flap failure or emergency surgery related to breast reconstruction before IPTW adjustment. However, after IPTW adjustment, the rates of recipient site infection and hematoma were significantly higher in participants with sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia (p < 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively). Conclusion Preoperative sarcopenia may influence certain complications of autologous free-flap breast reconstruction surgery.
Study on Ozone Concentration Change of Guangzhou District

The spatial and temporal distributions and change characteristics of O_3 are studied by analysing the ozone concentration at 3 monitor stations in Guangzhou.The results show that:①Ozone formation is affected by weather condition with the largest average ozone concentration in clear days then in cloud days.The average ozone concentration in rain days is the smallest. ② Ozone concentration also changes with season; ③ Further away from downtown,the ozone concentration becomes larger.This indicates that the center of the second pollutants is not the same as that of the first pollutants. The second pollutants are centred in the down wind of the first pollutants. With a high resolution chemical model,a simulation is carried out for the ozone concentration profile.The simulation reveals that ozone in low troposphere has large diurnal change and ozone in free atmosphere has small diurnal change.
SEISMIC VIBRATOR MODELLING1

The wavefield in, and at the surface of, a homogeneous, isotropic, perfectly elastic half-space, excited by a traction distribution at the surface of the medium is investigated. The emitted wavefield is a spatial convolution of the surface tractions and the spatial impulse response. The properties of the wavefield in the far-field of the medium are derived and it is shown that the far-field particle velocity is essentially equal to a weighted sum of the time derivative of the integrated surface tractions, that is, of the components of the ‘ground force’. The theory is valid for an arbitrary geometry and orientation of the surface tractions, and is independent of the boundary conditions at the surface of the medium. The surface tractions are related to a source that consists of a mass distribution with an arbitrary force distribution imposed upon it. A boundary condition is introduced that accounts for the mass load and the forces applied to it but neglects vibrations within the mass. The boundary condition follows from the equation of motion of the surface mass load. The theory is applied to the Vibroseis configuration, using a P-wave vibrator model with a uniformly distributed force imposed on top of the baseplate, and assuming that horizontal surface traction components are absent. The distribution of displacement and stress directly underneath the baseplate of a single vibrator and an array of vibrators is investigated. Three different boundary conditions are used: (1) assuming uniform pressure, (2) assuming uniform displacement, (3) using the equation of motion of the baseplate as a boundary condition. The calculations of the distribution of stress and displacement over the plate for different elastic media and several frequencies of operation show that only the results obtained with the mixed boundary condition agree with measurements made in the field. The accuracy of three different phase-feedback signals is compared using synthetic data. Baseplate velocity phase-feedback leads to huge deviations in the determination of the far-field wavelet; reaction mass acceleration phase-feedback looks stable but neglects the differentiating earth filter; and phase-feedback to a weighted sum of baseplate and reaction mass accelerations becomes unstable with increasing frequency. The instability can be overcome using measurements over the whole baseplate. The model can be extended to a lossy layered earth.
Sensitivity of stream dissolved organic carbon to temperature and discharge: Implications of future climates

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a significant constituent in aquatic ecosystems with concentrations in streams influenced by both temperature and water flow pathway dynamics associated with changes in discharge (streamflow). We investigated the sensitivity of DOC concentrations in 12 high‐latitude headwater streams to changes in temperature and discharge using a mathematical model. The implications of differences in sensitivities were explored by using downscaled projections of air temperature and discharge to simulate possible trajectories of DOC concentrations in a changing climate. We found two distinct responses: (i) catchments where stream DOC sensitivity was high to temperature but low to discharge and (ii) catchments where stream DOC sensitivity was low to temperature but high to discharge. Streams with strong seasonal DOC dynamics were more sensitive to temperature changes than nonseasonal systems. In addition, stream DOC sensitivity to discharge was strongly correlated with vertical soil water DOC differences in the near‐stream zone. Simulations of possible future changes in DOC concentrations indicated median increases of about 4–24% compared to current levels when using projections of air temperature and discharge but even larger increases were observed for base flow concentrations (13–42%). Streams with high‐temperature sensitivity showed the largest increases in DOC concentrations. Our results suggest that future climatic changes could bring significant increases in surface water DOC concentrations in boreal and hemiboreal areas but that the response ultimately is dependent on vertical soil solution DOC differences and soil organic carbon distribution.
The Relations Between Breast Cancer and Hormonal Contraception Acceptor At RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2021

Introduction. Breast cancer is a non-communicable disease that has become a health problem in the world. One of the risk factors for breast cancer is hormonal factors that can be obtained from the use of hormonal contraception. This study describes the relationship between the incidence of breast cancer and the use of hormonal contraception at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2021. Method. This is an observational analytic study with a case-control design. The data used are secondary data and primary data. The sample are women with breast cancer and benign breast tumors at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2021who met the inclusion criteria. Results. There was a significant relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptives (p = 0.003), duration of the use of hormonal contraceptives>5 years (p = 0.004), the type of injectable hormonal contraceptive (p = 0.001), the type of hormonal pills (p = 0.018) and a family history (p = 0.001). Meanwhile, there was no significant relationship between the type of hormonal contraceptive implant (p = 0.724), parity (p = 1.000), and age at menarche (p = 0.129),with the incidence of breast cancer. Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between the use of hormonal contraception, duration of use of hormonal contraception >5 years, type of injectable hormonal contraceptive use, type of use of hormonal contraceptive pills, and family history of breast cancer with breast cancer incidence.