Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic study on the invasive species Gmelinoides fasciatus in the ecosystem of the Gulf of Finland

The amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus from Lake Baikal is an example of a species being introduced into a number of water bodies in Russia, including the water system of North-west Russia, to expand food reserves of commercial fish. The interest in this crustacean has been attributed to its successful adaptation and expanding habitat area in the region. In order to assess the role of genetic mechanisms in adaptation to new conditions the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (ChA) at anaphase and telophase stages of mitosis in G. fasciatus embryos from six local populations of Lake Baikal and two invasive populations of the Gulf of Finland, originating from natural habitats were studied in two sequential years. The average level of ChA varied slightly between 0.95% in the samples collected in Lake Baikal and 2.9% in those from the Gulf of Finland. A significant increase in the frequency of ChA was found at two sites in Lake Baikal in 2015 and at two locations in the Gulf of Finland in 2016. First information on G. fasciatus chromosome number and constitution acquired by means of molecular cytogenetic techniques is presented and discussed. The results enable us to suggest this amphipod as a sensitive model to study possible mechanisms of biological adaptation and at the same time as a natural bioindicator of the environmental state.
Does Moonlight Increase Predation Risk for Elusive Mammals in Costa Rica?

An increasing body of evidence indicates that moonlight influences the nocturnal activity patterns of tropical mammals, both predators and prey. One explanation is that brighter moonlight is associated with increased risk of predation (Predation Risk hypothesis), but it has also been proposed that nocturnal activity may be influenced by the sensory ecology of a species, with species that rely on visual detection of food and danger predicted to increase their activity during bright moonlight, while species relying on non-visual senses should decrease activity (Visual Acuity hypothesis). Lack of an objective measure of “visual acuity” has made this second hypothesis difficult to test, therefore we employed a novel approach to better understand the role of lunar illumination in driving activity patterns by using the tapetum lucidum as a proxy for “night vision” acuity. To test the alternative predictions, we analyzed a large dataset from our long-term camera trap study in Costa Rica using activity overlap, relative abundance, and circular statistical techniques. Mixed models explored the influence of illumination factors (moonrise/set, cloud cover, season) and night vision acuity (tapetum type) on nocturnal and lunar phase-related activity patterns. Our results support the underlying assumptions of the predation risk and visual acuity models, but indicate that neither can fully predict lunar-related activity patterns. With diurnal human “super predators” forcing a global increase in activity during the night by mammals, our findings can contribute to a better understanding of nocturnal activity patterns and the development of conservation approaches to mitigate forced temporal niche shifts.
Stall margin improvement in a low-speed axial compressor rotor using a blockage-optimised single circumferential casing groove

The stall margin of tip-critical axial compressors can be improved by using circumferential casing grooves. From previous studies, in the literature, the stall margin improvement due to the casing grooves can be attributed to the reduction of the near casing blockage. The pressure rise across the compressor as the compressor is throttled intensifies the tip leakage flow. This results in a stronger tip leakage vortex that is thought to be the main source of the blockage. In this paper, the near casing blockage due to the tip region aerodynamics in a low-speed axial compressor rotor is numerically studied and quantified using a mass flow-based blockage parameter. The peak blockage location at the last stable operating point for a rotor with smooth casing is found to be at about 10% of the tip chord aft of the tip leading edge. Based on this information, an optimised single casing groove design that minimises the peak blockage is found using a surrogate-based optimisation approach. The implementation of the optimised groove is shown to produce a stall margin improvement of about 5%.
Human contact with phthalates during early life stages leads to weight gain and obesity

Abstract When human is exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as phthalates, for example, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP)in early life may contribute to overweight and obesity. EDCs are also called obesogen. Obesogen can promote adipogenesis and cause weight gain. Phthalates are man-made chemicals used in polyvinyl (PVC) products such as wires, cables, floorings, wall coverings, medical devices and cosmetics. The vulnerability of humans to EDCs has resulted in adverse health consequences, including decreased sperm motility, infertility in men, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and obesity. This paper will educate people all over the world about the danger associated with contact with phthalates. It will also help to make people limit exposure to materials made of phthalates.
Financial Strain and Psychological Distress: Do Strains in the Work-Family Interface Mediate the Effects?

Analyzing three waves of the Canadian Work Stress and Health Study with cross-lagged models, we asked: (1) How do two distinct directions of strain in the work-family interface—work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict—mediate the relationship between financial strain and psychological distress? and (2) Is reverse causality a possibility in these dynamics? Our results indicate that work-to-family conflict at Wave 2 mediates the relationship between financial strain at Wave 1 and distress at Wave 3, but family-to-work conflict does not function as a mediator. Financial strain is therefore indirectly associated with subsequently higher levels of distress. In tests for reverse causality, we found little evidence that distress is associated with subsequently higher levels of financial strain—and neither work-to-family conflict nor family-to-work conflict at Wave 2 mediates that relationship. We interpret our findings within the conceptual and empirical ideas associated with stress proliferation, social causation, and social selection/drift.
Post-translational control of luteinizing hormone secretion

iii List of Abbreviations v CHAPTER 1: Literature Review 1.1. The Ovine Oestrous Cycle 1 1.2. Hypothalamic Control of LH Secretion 4 1.3. Luteinizing Hormone Secretion 9 1.4. Gonadotrophin Synthesis 13
Comment on “Mixed effects of geolocators on reproduction and survival of Cerulean Warblers, a canopy-dwelling, long-distance migrant”

ABSTRACT A recent paper published in The Condor: Ornithological Applications by Raybuck et al. (2017) described the results of an analysis of potential effects of light-level geolocators on reproductive parameters and apparent annual survival of Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea). In a comparison of geolocator-tagged birds and color-banded control birds, the authors reported no discernible differences in several standard reproductive parameters, but a significant difference in apparent annual survival. Here, we show that the reported overall geolocator effect on annual survival may have obfuscated a large effect in one year, when one geolocator model and harness method were used, compared with no effect on annual survival in the second year of their study, when a different geolocator model and harness method were used. These more nuanced results suggest that Raybuck and colleagues may have identified variation in effects between geolocator marking methods for Cerulean Warblers, rather than a general geolocator effect on annual survival.
The Pediatric Cancer Survivors' User Experiences With Digital Health Interventions

Background Evidence suggests that digital health interventions are feasible and acceptable in pediatric cancer survivors. Efforts to synthesize user experiences, however, are limited. Objective The aim of this study was to systematically identify, appraise, and synthesize qualitative evidence on the user experiences of pediatric cancer survivors participating in digital health interventions. Methods We searched 4 databases to identify studies with qualitative data of the digital health intervention user experiences from childhood, adolescent, and young adult pediatric cancer survivors, published from the databases' inception to January 31, 2020. Studies that met inclusion criteria were selected and reviewed for quality. The extracted data were analyzed by thematic synthesis. Results Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Two analytic themes emerged, each with 3 descriptive themes: (1) the favorable experience of using digital health interventions, including “knowing about oneself and one's cancer,” “connecting with others in a trustworthy and safe way,” and “getting empowered and rewarded”; and (2) the challenges of using digital health interventions, including “challenges from the content of the program,” “technology challenges,” and “user challenges. ” Conclusions This systematic review supports the value of digital health interventions as an acceptable and convenient approach for delivering care to pediatric cancer survivors. It is essential to understand the users' positive experiences and challenges to customize interventions and achieve positive health outcomes. Implications for Practice Nurses can contribute to the development and implementation of digital health interventions for pediatric cancer survivors through advocacy, navigation, feedback, and multidisciplinary collaboration. We recommended system-level support in modifying and developing relevant workflows or practice guidelines for implementation.
Learning Styles and Development of Cognitive Skills in Mathematics Learning

Modern schoolchildren are the new digital generation and their preferences for working with information are based on of the dominant sensory modality which can be visual, auditory, and tactile/ kinesthetic. Therefore, to organize effective mathematics teaching it is necessary to use a personalized system of teaching techniques, instructional methods, and educational technologies taking into account the way students process information from the outside world. In light of neuropedagogy achievements and the idea of the dynamic balance, the purpose of the article is to provide evidence for the current need for taking into account the students’ perceptual learning styles which reflect the nature of interhemispheric interaction in the process of cognitive learning development in mathematics learning. The article is also aimed at establishing a scientific rationale for a classification of teaching methods for development of general learning skills, logical operations, and problem solving skills in mathematics learning based on the criteria of “dominant hemisphere” and “learning style”. The research methods are content analysis of scientific, educational and methodological literature to review the methods for cognitive skill development; testing the students’ level of general learning skills and the level of verbal reasoning; modeling method, Google questioning of teachers from different regions of the Russian Federation, qualitative analysis of the empirical data. The scientific novelty of the study is the obtained results: empirical data in respect to personalized learning technologies used by Russian teachers; identifying the stages of cognitive skill development in mathematics learning based on the perceptual learning styles of students; establishing a scientific rationale for a classification of techniques for development of general learning skills according to the criteria of “type of learning in accordance with the dominant hemisphere”; developing the criteria for assessing cognitive skills on the basis of the students’ learning styles. The theoretical significance of the study lies in its contribution to the mathematics methodology in regard to personalized learning technologies, the techniques for developing cognitive skills in mathematics learning taking into account students’ learning styles and applying the ideas of neuropedagogy and the idea of the dynamic balance in teaching mathematics.
Haemato-pathological studies of subchronic profenofos toxicity in broiler birds

The study was conducted to assess the toxic effects of Profenofos, an organophosphate pesticide on haematological and histopathological picture of broiler birds following subchronic exposure. A total of 20 day old chicks, 10 in each group were taken for the study. Group I served as control while Group II as treatment group. One tenth of LD50 dose, was orally administered daily for 60 days to test group (Group II). The treated birds showed significant escalation of all the haematological parameters with the exception of Lymphocyte count. The histopathological examination showed various alterations in different organs in group II, manifested by periportal fibrosis in liver, congested blood vessels of the lung and brain and coagulative necrosis with hydropic degeneration in the Kidney. From the present study it can be concluded that subchronic exposure of profenofos cause significant changes in haematology as well as histopathology in broiler birds.
An Incrementally Deployable IP-Compatible-Information-Centric Networking Hierarchical Cache System

The major advantage of information-centric networking (ICN) lies in in-network caching. Ubiquitous cache nodes reduce the user’s download latency of content and the drain of network bandwidth, which enables efficient content distribution. Due to the huge cost of updating an entire network infrastructure, it is realistic for ICN to be integrated into an IP network, which poses new challenges to design a cache system and corresponding content router. In this paper, we firstly observed that the behavior pattern of data requests based on a name resolution system (NRS) makes an ICN cache system implicitly form a hierarchical and nested structure. We propose a complete design and an analytical model to characterize an uncooperative hierarchical ICN caching system compatible with IP. Secondly, to facilitate the incremental deployment of an ICN cache system in an IP network, we designed and implemented a cache-supported router with multi-terabyte cache capabilities. Finally, the simulation and measurement results show the accuracy of proposed analytical model, the significant gains on hit ratio, and the access latency of the hierarchical ICN cache system compared with a flat cache system based on naming routing, as well as the high performance of the implemented ICN router.
The Prediction of Oceanic Mesoscale Eddy Properties and Propagation Trajectories Based on Machine Learning

Mesoscale eddies play an important role in ocean circulation, material energy exchange and variation of ocean environments. Machine learning methods can efficiently process massive amounts of data and automatically learn the implicit features, thus providing a new approach to eddy prediction research. Using the mesoscale eddy trajectory data derived from multimission satellite altimetry, we propose relevant machine learning models based on long short-term memory network (LSTM) and the extra trees (ET) algorithm for the prediction of eddy properties and propagation trajectories. Characteristic factors, including attribute features and past eddy displacements, were exploited to construct prediction models with high effectiveness and few predictors. To study their effects at different forecasting times, we separately trained the models by rebuilding the corresponding relationship between eddy samples and labels. In addition, the variation characteristics and the predictability of eddy properties and propagation trajectories were discussed from the prediction results. Cross-validation shows that at different prediction times, our method is superior to previous methods in terms of the mean absolute error (MAE) of eddy properties and the root mean square error (RMSE) of propagation. The stable variation in eddy properties makes the prediction more dependent on the historical time series than that of a propagation forecast. The short-term propagation prediction of eddies contained more noise than long-term predictions, and the long-term predictions revealed a more significant trend. Finally, we discuss the effect of eddy properties on the prediction ability of the eddy propagation trajectory.
Diversity patterns of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the canopy of an ombrophilous forest in Central Amazon, Brazil

Sphingidae attracted to light were systematically collected in an Amazonian forest canopy. Sampling occurred at a height of 34 m in an upland primary rainforest plateau in the Cueiras river basin, located within the Experimental Station of Tropical Silviculture, Manaus municipality, Amazonas, Brazil. The hawkmoths were collected using a vertical white sheet illuminated by a 250 W mixed mercury light and a 20 W black-light (BLB) fluorescent tube. Monthly collections were carried out from January to December 2004, during three nights of lunar transition from third quarter moon to new moon between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. We sampled 1748 specimens, represented by 1485 males and 263 females, belonging to 52 species and 21 genera. Xylophanes comprised the highest number of species (seven), followed by Erinnyis, with six species. The most abundant species were Pseudosphinx tetrio (169 specimens), Pachylia darceta (162), Erinnyis ello ello (154), Isognathus excelsior (151) and Callionima parce (139). The species accumulation curve showed that the species richness tended to stabilize by the eighth month. We also observed that species composition altered significantly throughout the night period. All presented hawkmoth records are new for the canopy in the Central Amazon.
Hands-on: Elevating the Quality of Classroom Participation through Challenge-Action-Result Technique in English-Medium Instruction to Medical Arab Students

The success essence of language teaching is assessed against its true outcomes. To this end, ESL teachers should effectively exploit all available techniques to help their students master the target language's communicative skills. One proposed technique is to turn the learning environment into a speaking classroom where learners can be actively engaged in interactive communication. As an attempt to do so, this qualitative study explores the potential of classroom teacher-student and student-student interaction using the target language (L2) through the technique of Challenge, Action, and Result (CAR) for fostering university students' classroom communication quality in general, and in-lecture participation and speaking confidence in particular as a part of a whole project that aims at enhancing learners' communicative proficiency. The qualitative data for this study were obtained in the Academic Year 2019/2020 by observing 31 Saudi tertiary students selected purposively to follow up on their language performance and classroom participation. A performance progress record was developed and then implemented after being validated by experts, while an inter rater contributed to ensuring the credibility of the interpretation. The study results unveiled a positive connection between the interaction synergy via the often use of the target language and participants' oral participation, and their speaking confidence. This productive effect resulted in improving the quality of classroom communication level using the CAR technique. In terms of implications, we intended to share our experience based on the research results to draw the attention of those involved in the education process to stress the use of the target language as the sole medium of language classroom interaction through innovative techniques.
System Design and Modeling of a High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Operated with Ammonia as a Fuel

Ammonia is a hydrogen-rich compound that can play an important role in the storage of green hydrogen and the deployment of fuel cell technologies. Nowadays used as a fertilizer, NH3 has the right peculiarities to be a successful sustainable fuel for the future of the energy sector. This study presents, for the first time in literature, an integration study of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier and a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) as an energy conversion device. A system design is presented, that integrates a reactor for the decomposition of ammonia with an HT-PEMFC, where hydrogen produced from NH3 is electrochemically converted into electricity and heat. The overall system based on the two technologies is designed integrating all balance of plant components. A zero-dimensional model was implemented to evaluate system efficiency and study the effects of parametric variations. Thermal equilibrium of the decomposition reactor was studied, and two different strategies were implemented in the model to guarantee thermal energy balance inside the system. The results show that the designed system can operate with an efficiency of 40.1% based on ammonia lower heating value (LHV) at the fuel cell operating point of 0.35 A/cm2 and 0.60 V.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Performance Enhancement by Modifying the Flow Channel in the Mechanical Chamber Room of a Home Refrigerator

Recently, many refrigerators of high have been designed so as to improve the performance of the refrigerator and to economize on energy. There are many methods of improving the total efficiency of the refrigerators using a methodological approach. In this experimental and numerical study, three methods—namely, modifying the flow channel and the operating conditions and changing the positions of the fan at the mechanical chamber room (MCR)—are used to analyze the performance improvement of the refrigerator. These methods of changing the flow channel in an MCR of a refrigerator are, in many ways, used as a regulation of the upper flow region of the condenser, especially in this research. Modifying the refrigerators’ MCR is carried out by changing the shape of the cover back machine (CBM). We compute the fluid flow in a refrigerator MCR by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The commercial code ANSYS CFX 16.2 is used for this computation. The regulation flow region shows a reduction in power consumption of about 0.75% per month. The result of the operating conditions of the fan at MCR is relative to the flow rate for reducing power consumption. The changing positions are also relative to the length of the reducing power consumption. Moreover, with the results obtained by CFD, we understand the flow structure in a refrigerators’ MCR for various types of CBM. The results also show that the efficiency of the refrigerator is improved by 1.2%.