Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ulva spp. and seasonal disturbances on the recovery of a temperate rocky intertidal community

The inhibitory effects of ulvoid algae and their seasonality on the recovery and succession of an intertidal algal community were investigated under field conditions using a two‐factorial design. The experiment was conducted in the mid‐low intertidal zone on the Southern coast of Korea. In spring and fall, each of the ten 50 × 50 cm plots was disturbed artificially, and Ulva spp. were continuously excluded from five plots of the seasonal plots. The succession of spring plots was nearly twice as fast as that of the fall plots (spring, 4–6 months; fall, 10–15 months), indicating that the seasonal effects contributed significantly to the speed of the succession. The inhibition by Ulva species delayed the succession; however, the strength of this delay was limited largely by the duration and persistence of Ulva mass, which was also highly seasonal. The presence of Ulva spp. did not alter the final assemblage at the climax stage; instead, it caused a delay in community resilience. This study provides a few analytical factors for community‐wise comparison during the evaluation of the status of successional stages.
Effectiveness of the CIRC model using mind mapping method toward student learning outcomes

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar aspek kognitif dan psikomotor siswa, antara model pembelajaran CIRC menggunakan metode mind mapping, dan model pembelajaran CIRC menggunakan concept mapping . Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian quasi experimental , dengan desain nonequivalent control group . Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan tes hasil belajar kognitif, dan pengamatan hasil belajar psikomotor. Tes hasil belajar dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali yaitu pretest dan posttest . Peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif diperoleh melalui perhitungan nilai N-Gain score, sedangkan pengamatan hasil belajar ranah psikomotor dilakukan 1 kali oleh 2 orang pengamat. Uji statistik melalui uji beda yang dilakukan setelah uji normalitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata N-Gain score dari hasil belajar kognitif CIRC- mind mapping yaitu 74, sedangkan pada CIRC- concept mapping adalah 64. Nilai hasil belajar aspek psikomotor berdasarkan kesepakatan antar pengamat adalah 96 pada CIRC- mind mapping, sedangkan pada CIRC- concept mapping yaitu 93. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar aspek kognitif dan psikomotor siswa lebih tinggi pada pembelajaran dengan CIRC- mind mapping, daripada model CIRC- concept mapping . The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in students' cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes between the CIRC learning model using the mind mapping method and the CIRC learning model using concept mapping. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design. The data collection instrument used a learning outcome test-cognitive and psychomotor learning outcome observations. Cognitive learning outcomes tests were carried out two times, namely, pretest and posttest. The increase in cognitive learning outcomes obtained by calculating the N-Gain score. Observation of psychomotor learning outcomes was carried out once by two observers. The statistical test in this study was a different test carried out after the normality test. The results showed that the average N-Gain score from cognitive learning outcomes CIRC-mind mapping was 74, while CIRC-concept mapping was 64. Psychomotor learning scores based on the agreement between observers were 96 on CIRC-mind mapping, while CIRC-concept mapping was 93. The cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes of students using CIRC-mind mapping are higher than using CIRC-concept mapping.
Do Arab public opinion support policies of regional powers in MENA? View from Tunisia

ABSTRACT The Arab Uprisings and subsequent events continue to transform policies of regional and major powers toward the Middle East and North Africa. These powers have shown different approaches toward the Uprisings, ranging from support for the status quo to endorsing regime changes. Their policies have also exerted a significant impact on the course of events. Despite this growing importance and implications of policies of regional powers on the Uprisings and the Syrian conflict, we still do not know much about how the public assesses these policies and to what extent domestic cleavages shape these assessments. Using a nationally representative original survey conducted in 2014 in Tunisia, this study examines the perceptions of the policies of France, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia towards the Uprisings and the Syrian conflict. It finds that French and Turkish policies about the Uprisings have garnered substantial support among citizens, whereas most citizens negatively assess the Saudi policies. On the other hand, the majority of Tunisians negatively assess all these countries’ policies toward the Syrian conflict. Another major finding suggests that political identity reflecting secular/religious cleavages shapes how citizens view the policies of these three countries toward both issues, but its effect is higher in assessing the Uprisings.
Phylogeny and systematic history of early salamanders

Prevalent paedomorphy and convergence in salamander morphology has made it difficult to resolve relationships using purely morphological characters. However, many new fully articulated fossil salamanders have emerged, especially from China, and it is important to be able to place them within a phylogenetic framework to better understand the origin and radiation patterns of early salamanders. This study looks at the phylogeny of extant taxa using both molecular and morphological datasets. In deciphering the phylogeny of modern day taxa the limitations and caveats of the data were explored. The extent of the influence homoplasy and convergence have on the phylogenetic topology has been assessed using methods designed to identify and/or down-weight homoplasy in morphological characters. Once characters had been identified as potentially homoplasious and removed from the dataset, further analyses were performed on reduced datasets. Fossils were simulated by creating subsets of characters (those commonly found in the fossil record) for extant taxa. Analyses using parsimony and Bayesian inference were performed to test the robustness of the placements of these simulated fossils. The impact of missing data caused by poor preservation and incomplete specimens was tested by simulating reduced/limited character scores for living taxa, and then comparing the phylogenetic placement of these artificially degraded taxa with their ‘true’ position based on complete data. This paves the way for the inclusion of the fossils. While this study has not resolved the relationships between salamander families it has allowed a deeper understanding of the data, and assesses the confidence with which the placement of key fossils can be made in a new way. This novel method has further implications for the fitting of fossils within a phylogenetic framework in other problem clades. Biogeographic hypotheses can then be tested.
A feasibility study for determining the mean annual aboveground biomass gain of tropical seasonal forests in Cambodia

To study the feasibility of determining the mean annual aboveground biomass gain of tropical seasonal forests at the national scale, we estimated the gain (i.e., increase due to growth of living trees) and loss (i.e., decrease due to tree death) of aboveground tree stand biomass (stand AGB) using 49 permanent sample plots distributed nationwide for 139 observation periods from 2005 to 2015 in Cambodia. In a linear mixed-effects model, stand AGB gain was predicted to increase with the initial stand AGB: Stand AGB gain=0.0165 Stand AGB+2.20 (n=139, P<0.0001, R=0.4531, RMSE=2.84), where Stand AGB gain is the sum of tree AGB growth (Mg ha year), and Stand AGB is the sum of initial tree AGBs (Mg ha). The mean estimated stand AGB gain was 4.79 Mg ha year for an average initial stand AGB of 155.5 Mg ha. The annual stand AGB loss was<20 % of the initial stand AGB and the influence of stand AGB loss on stand AGB gain was negligible. The 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories assigned stand-age-dependent values of default annual stand AGB gain for tropical natural forests. However, age is difficult to determine in tropical trees. Our stand-age-independent approach based on the stand AGB offers a practical method for assessing the AGB gain of tropical natural forests.
Meat composition and quality of young growing Belgian Blue bulls offered a fattening diet with selenium enriched cereals

Mehdi, Y. , Clinquart, A. , Hornick, J.-L. , Cabaraux, J.-F. , Istasse, L. and Dufrasne, I. 2015. Meat composition and quality of young growing Belgian Blue bulls offered a fattening diet with selenium enriched cereals. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 465-473. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of selenium (Se) enrichment of cereals on the performance of Belgian Blue bulls, meat quality and chemical composition. Twenty-three bulls were used in the present study. Twelve bulls were offered a control diet containing Se at a basal concentration of 58 µg kg-1 of dry matter (DM) and the other 11 bulls were given a diet containing 173 µg kg-1 DM of Se by means of Se-enriched spelt and barley. The Se enrichment of the diet did not affect the growth performance, the slaughter data or meat quality (P > 0.05). There were no effects of Se on tenderness, oxidative rancidity and water losses. However, there were some effects of Se enrichment on the meat chemical composition. The ether extract was decreased from 2.1 to 1.7% DM (P<0.05). There was also significant Se enrichment (P<0.001) in the longissimus thoracis muscle (177 vs. 477 ng g-1 DM) and organs: liver (474 vs. 1126 ng g-1 DM) and kidney (4956 vs. 5655 ng g-1 DM), Under such conditions, the human consumption of a piece of such meat or liver can provide a large part of the recommended daily Se intake, estimated between 30 and 57%.
Artificial hard substrate as a habitat for hard bottom benthic assemblages in the southern part of the Baltic Sea – a preliminary study

Abstract Benthic species associated with hard substrate are known to form communities characterized by high abundance and biomass. Although the bottom of the Southern Baltic Sea is dominated by soft sediments, such communities find favorable conditions to thrive on artificial substrates of offshore constructions. The aim of this research was to characterize both short-term and long-term benthic communities associated with artificial hard bottom provided by man-made structures in the Southern Baltic Sea. Species composition as well as the abundance and biomass were examined at various sites. An inactive World War II torpedo testing facility in the Gulf of Gdansk served as a site for sampling long-term communities while short-term communities were sampled using settlement panels and PVC cylinders. Panels were deployed at the torpedo testing facility for 127 days. PVC cylinders were deployed for 141-190 days in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone. Twenty six macrofaunal taxa, including 12 crustaceans, were identified during the research. Mytilus edulis and Amphibalanus improvisus were the most abundant invertebrates at sampled surfaces. Six non-indigenous species were found. For the first time adult individuals of Mytilopsis leucophaeata were found in the Polish Marine Areas indicating that it is possible for this non-indigenous species to reproduce in this region.
A redescription of Salmoneus tafaongae Banner & Banner, 1966 (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Alpheidae)

̶ The alpheid shrimp Salmoneus tafaongae Banner & Banner, 1966 was described based on a fragmentary holotype from Samoa, which was subsequently lost in the devastating ﬁre of the Hawaii Marine Laboratory in 1961. The species is here fully redescribed based on new material from French Polynesia, Australia (Great Barrier Reef) and Solomon Islands, and compared to closely related
Multiple‐Stroke Positive Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning Observed by the FALMA in Winter Thunderstorms in Japan

Multiple‐stroke (MS) positive cloud‐to‐ground (+CG) lightning flashes are rarely reported, especially those with high‐quality location information. In this study, we report 47 MS +CG flashes observed in winter thunderstorms in Japan with a 14‐site fast antenna lightning mapping array (FALMA). MS +CG flashes account for 18% of +CG flashes. The mean multiplicity of all +CG flashes is 1.24, and the maximum multiplicity is 5. Interstroke intervals have a very large range from 1.0 to 1,320.6 ms with the geometric mean of 64.4 ms. In three flashes, interstroke intervals smaller than 2 ms are observed, and corresponding positive strokes are inferred to be produced by two branches of the same positive leader. Horizontal distances between sequential positive strokes range from 1.1 to 37.3 km with the geometric mean of 9.7 km. No subsequent strokes struck at the same location as a previous stroke. Distances between sequential strokes are generally much larger than distances between first strokes and lightning initiation locations. Subsequent stroke peak amplitudes are on average 0.45 of first stroke peak amplitudes. In 39 flashes (83%), the first stroke is stronger than the largest subsequent stroke in the same flash. Subsequent stroke amplitudes are weakly correlated with the time difference from the previous stroke. Origination mechanisms of positive leaders initiating first and subsequent positive strokes are discussed. It is very likely that positive leaders for most subsequent strokes originate from in‐cloud negative leader channels, but origination mechanisms for positive leaders initiating first strokes are more varied.
Chasing the 400 kyr pacing of deep-marine sandy submarine fans: Middle Eocene Aínsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees

In an attempt to understand the relative importance of climate and tectonics in modulating coarse-grained sediment flux to a tectonically active basin during what many researchers believe to be a greenhouse period, we have studied the Middle Eocene deep-marine Aínsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees. We use orbital tuning of many spectral gamma-ray-logged fine-grained siliciclastic sections, already shown to contain Milankovitch frequencies, in conjunction with a new high-resolution palaeomagnetic study through the basin sediments, to identify polarity reversals in the basin as anchor points to allow the conversion of a depth-stratigraphy to a chronostratigraphy. We use these data, in conjunction with a new age model incorporating new biostratigraphic data, to pace the development of the deep-marine sandy submarine fans over c. 8 million years. Timing for the sandy submarine fans shows that, unlike for the fine-grained interfan sediments, coarse-grained delivery to the basin was more complex. Approximately 72% of the sandy fans are potentially coincident with the long-eccentricity (400 kyr) minima and, therefore, potentially recording changing climate. The stratigraphic position of some sandy fans is at variance with this, specifically those that likely coincide with a period of known increased tectonic activity within the Aínsa Basin, which we propose represents the time when the basin was converted into a thrust-top basin (Gavarnie thrust sheet), presumably associated with rapid uplift and redeposition of coarse clastics into deep-marine environments. We also identify sub-Milankovitch climate signals such as the c. 41.5 Ma Late Lutetian Thermal Maximum. This study demonstrates the complex nature of drivers on deep-marine sandy fans in a tectonically active basin over c. 8 Myr. Findings of this study suggest that, even during greenhouse periods, sandy submarine fans are more likely linked with times of eccentricity minima and climate change, broadly consistent with the concept of lowstand fans. However, hysteresis effects in orogenic processes of mountain uplift, erosion and delivery of coarse siliciclastics via fluvial systems to coastal (deltaic) and shallow-marine environments likely contributed to the complex signals that we recognize, including the 2–3 Myr time gap between the onset of deep-marine fine-grained sediments in the early development of the Aínsa Basin and the arrival of the first sandy fans. Supplementary Materials: Filtered records for each of the analysed gamma-ray logged sections. Anchor points, SARs tables and graphs and alternative tuning sections are available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.5132975
What drives ecotourism: environmental values or symbolic conspicuous consumption?

Abstract Despite an influx of ecotourism research since the term was first coined, it is still not entirely clear why tourists choose ecotourism over other tourism experiences. While most of the previous literature assumes that ecotourism is preferred by travelers for moral reasons, emerging evidence suggests that opportunities to project one’s social status are increasingly salient factors in decision-making about travel. This article compares the relative influence of two possible predictors of ecotourism intention: environmental values (measured through the value-belief-norm theory) and symbolic conspicuous consumption (measured through expected social return). Respondents were drawn from a panel of U.S. tourists who had taken an overnight trip within the last year (n = 786). Results of a structural equation model suggest that both personal norms (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) and social return (β = 0.60, p < 0.001) explain a considerable amount of variance in ecotourism intention (R2 = 0.44), with social return having the stronger influence. These results suggest that environmental values are not the sole reason for travelers’ choice of ecotourism alternatives, and that ego-enforcing motives play an important role. The positive and negative implications of demand for ecotourism extending beyond those with strong environmental values are discussed.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANGORA RABBIT FIBRE 1 - THE INFLUENCE OF FIBRE ORIGIN ON FIBRE AND MEDULLA DIAMETER IN ANGORA WOOL

The quality of Angora rabbit fibre is known to vary between the countries in which it is produced. A study was made to quantify various parameters of angora fibre quality, including fibre and medulla diameter, and the proportion of medullated fibres, in samples of angora wool obtained from Germany, France and China. The mean fibre diameter of the French angora fleeces (19.8 µm) is significantly higher than in German (12.8 µm) which is related to the higher proportion of coarser hairs in the pelage of French Angora rabbits. French Angora rabbits have a characteristic fleece structure. The down fibres (mean fibre diameter: 14.1 µm) are coarser than in German (12.4 µm) and Chinese (11.8 µm) wool and the degree of medullation in awns and bristles is lower compared to the German and Chinese samples. The characteristics of the German and Chinese Angora coats appear to be very similar. The highest proportion of medullated fibres is observed in the French angora wool (99.9 %). Values of 90.5 % and 96.8 % in the German and Chinese samples are obtained, respectively. The samples of Chinese angora fibre are found to have the highest medulla content (down: 39.2 %; awn: 52.2 %; bristle: 71.9 %). The French angora, in contras! , has a comparatively low medulla content (down: 36.7 %; awn: 29.7 %; bristle: 36.6 %). The medulla content of awns and bristles for German fibres are intermediate to the values obtained from the other samples; the medulla content in the down fibres is relatively low (down: 33.4 %; awn: 41.4 %; bristle: 52.5 %).
Nodal Seismograph Recordings of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence

The 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence included Mw 6.4 and 7.1 earthquakes that occurred on successive days beginning on 4 July 2019. These two largest earthquakes of the sequence occurred on orthogonal faults that ruptured the Earth’s surface. To better evaluate the 3D subsurface fault structure, (P- and S-wave) velocity, 3D and temporal variations in seismicity, and other important aspects of the earthquake sequence, we recorded aftershocks and ambient noise using up to 461 three-component nodal seismographs for about two months, beginning about one day after the Mw 7.1 mainshock. The ∼30,000Mw≥1 earthquakes that were recorded on the dense arrays provide an unusually large volume of data with which to evaluate the earthquake sequence. This report describes the recording arrays and is intended to provide metadata for researchers interested in evaluating various aspects of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence using the nodal data set.
Gehen dem Luzulo-Fagetum die Trennarten verloren? Veränderungen der Bodenvegetation in bodensauren Buchenwäldern und Fichtenbeständen des Solling in mehr als drei Jahrzehnten.

Is Luzulo-Fagetum losing its differential species? Changes in the vegetation of beech forests and spruce stands on acidic soils of the Soiling-Hills over more than three decades Changes in ground vegetation of beech forests and Norway spruce stands on acidic soils are inves­ tigated by comparing vegetation relevés recorded in 1966-1968 and 1999-2000 in the Soiling-Hills (Lower Saxony). The study shows an obvious decrease in the cover of the ground layer especially in spruce stands. Species numbers per area, by contrast, have increased significantly. Species of forest clear­ ings that were absent thirty years ago are present today in both spruce and beech stands. By comparing Ellenberg indicator values an increase of nutrient indicators can be detected whereas acid-tolerant dif­ ferential species of the L u z u lo -F a g e tu m have declined in significance. Against this background of anthropogenic change in forest vegetation caused by eutrophication and liming the future development of acidic central European beech forests is discussed.
Exploring the impact of group identity at university on psychological and behavioural outcomes

ABSTRACT With respect to supporting student well-being and success, the current research developed a peer support scheme, built on the principles of Social Identity Theory (SIT). This was targeted towards first year undergraduate psychology students, in which measures of collective identity, sense of belonging, group efficacy, happiness and resilience were obtained, along with attendance and academic attainment. Following one academic year of being part of our peer support scheme, participants (N = 90) completed a questionnaire and consented to their attendance and attainment data to be used. It was found that students’ collective identity was positively related to their sense of belonging, group efficacy beliefs and happiness. Further, the sense of belonging was a reliable predictor of happiness, but not attendance or academic attainment. Therefore, there is some evidence to suggest that an SIT-driven peer support scheme can support students’ psychosocial well-being, although more is needed to ascertain whether this could be developed further to observe any course-related outcomes. Theoretical contributions to SIT are therefore presented, in which the insights can be applied to Higher Education beyond the UK.