Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer from a Two-Dimensional Sudden Expansion Flow Using Nanofluids

Laminar forced convection heat transfer from two-dimensional sudden expansion flow of different nanofluids is studied numerically. The governing equations are solved using the unsteady stream function-vorticity method. The effect of volume fraction of the nanoparticles and type of nanoparticles on heat transfer is examined and found to have a significant impact. Local and average Nusselt numbers are reported in connection with various nanoparticle, volume fraction, and Reynolds number for expansion ratio 2. The Nusselt number reaches peak values near the reattachment point and reaches asymptotic value in the downstream. Bottom wall eddy and volume fraction shows a significant impact on the average Nusselt number.
Doping in Sport—Attitudes of Physical Trainers Students Regarding the Use of Prohibited Substances Increasing Performance

Background: The popularity of using the advice of a personal trainer is increasing in Poland and currently most gyms offer the possibility of training under the supervision of a professional. Personal trainers present a multifaceted nature into physical activity and become their clients’ guides in achieving sporting goals. Physical trainers also work in sports clubs and supervise the training of people professionally involved in sport. Aim: Given the professional role that they play, this article aimed to analyze the knowledge and attitudes of personal trainers towards using prohibited measures to improve performance in sport, as well as counteraction measures. Methods: The study used a questionnaire created by the authors containing closed, semi-open, and open questions. Results: The results of the presented research indicate that most physical trainers and students educated in this field have a negative attitude towards the use of prohibited measures that increase performance but they noticed that doping was common in sport by 88.51% respondents. In the group of personal trainers, the majority (87.14%) admitted that good results in sport could be achieved without the use of doping. They stated that it was unfair (25%), contrary to the fair play principle—16%, while over 11% indicated this as cheating. Only 6% of people pointed out that it was legally prohibited and 3% that it was harmful. These results show that 10.13% of all respondents believe that the use of doping is a necessity to achieve very good results in sport. Conclusions: The availability of doping substances is statistically correlated with the question of persuading to use doping in both groups of trainers and students and some people justify the use of doping. The research proved that the personal trainers’ level of knowledge on doping is still insufficient.
Tubule-Derived Follistatin Is Increased in the Urine of Rats with Renal Ischemia and Reflects the Severity of Acute Tubular Damage

Activin A, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is a negative regulator of tubular regeneration after renal ischemia. Activin action is controlled by an endogenous antagonist, follistatin. However, the role of follistatin in the kidney is not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the expression and localization of follistatin in normal and ischemic rat kidneys and measured urinary follistatin in rats with renal ischemia to assess whether urinary follistatin could serve as a biomarker for acute kidney injury. Using vascular clamps, renal ischemia was induced for 45 min in 8-week-old male Wistar rats. In normal kidneys, follistatin was localized in distal tubules of the cortex. In contrast, in ischemic kidneys, follistatin was localized in distal tubules of both the cortex and outer medulla. Follistatin mRNA was mainly present in the descending limb of Henle of the outer medulla in normal kidneys but was upregulated in the descending limb of Henle of both the outer and inner medulla after renal ischemia. Urinary follistatin, which was undetectable in normal rats, was significantly increased in ischemic rats and peaked 24 h after reperfusion. There was no correlation between urinary follistatin and serum follistatin. Urinary follistatin levels were increased according to ischemic duration and were significantly correlated with the follistatin-positive area as well as the acute tubular damage area. These results suggest that follistatin normally produced by renal tubules increases and becomes detectable in urine after renal ischemia. Urinary follistatin might be useful to assess the severity of acute tubular damage.
Virulence and molecular genetic diversity, variation, and evolution of the Puccinia triticina population in Hebei Province of China from 2001 to 2010

Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat in China. However, little is known about the dynamic changes of population structure and genetic diversity of P. triticina during a period of time. In this study, 247 isolates of P. triticina collected from Hebei Province from 2001 to 2010 were tested on 36 Thatcher near-isogenic lines for virulence diversity and detected by 21 pairs of Expressed Sequence Tag derived Simple Sequence Repeat (EST-SSR) primers for genetic diversity. A total of 204 isolates were successfully identified as 164 races, and THTT, THST, PHRT, THTS, and PHTT were the most common races in Hebei Province from 2001 to 2010. The cluster analysis based on virulence showed that P. triticina has a rich virulence polymorphism, which had a certain correlation with the years, while the cluster analysis based on EST-SSR showed that the genetic diversity of the P. triticina population was significantly different between years in Hebei Province from 2001 to 2010. In addition, the population structure of P. triticina may have changed greatly in 2007 and 2009, which was significantly different from that of 2001–2006 on either virulence or genetic characteristics. The variation frequency of the population structure had an increasing trend during this period. From 2001 to 2010, there was a certain degree of gene flow among the P. triticina populations. No significant correlation was found between virulence and molecular polymorphism. The genetic differentiation analysis of the 10 tested populations (each year as a population) showed that the coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.27, indicating that there was a certain genetic differentiation among or within populations of P. triticina in Hebei Province. The genetic variation within populations (73.08%) was higher than that among populations (26.92%), which indicated that the genetic variations were mainly found within populations. Our study provides the foundation for a better understanding of the population structure change and genetic diversity of P. triticina over a period in Hebei Province of China.
A Dual Biomarker TK1 Protein and CA125 or HE4-Based Algorithm as a Better Diagnostic Tool than ROMA Index in Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer

Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is one of the most difficult tumors to detect and manage. Usually, it is diagnosed in late stage of the disease which is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, it is important to detect this cancer in the early stages to improve overall survival. In this study, we determined TK1 protein and TK1 activity levels as well as the biomarkers CA 125, HE4, and the ROMA index. Elevated TK1 protein levels were found in both benign and ovarian tumor (borderline and malignant ovarian cancer) patients. The combination of TK1 protein with CA 125 or HE4 showed higher sensitivity compared to the ROMA index. Therefore, the TK1 protein is a promising serum biomarker that can complement CA 125 or HE4 in the diagnostics of the early stages of ovarian cancer. Abstract Background: The early detection of ovarian cancer is presently not effective, and it is crucial to establish biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer to improve the survival of patients. Materials and methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) in combination with CA 125 or HE4 to serve as a potential diagnostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. In this study, a set of 198 serum samples consisting of 134 ovarian tumor patients and 64 healthy age-matched controls were analyzed. The TK1 protein levels in serum samples were determined using the AroCell TK 210 ELISA. Results: A combination of TK1 protein with CA 125 or HE4 showed better performance than either of them alone in the differentiation of early stage ovarian cancer from the healthy control group, but also a significantly better performance than the ROMA index. However, this was not observed using a TK1 activity test in combination with the other markers. Furthermore, the combination of TK1 protein and CA 125 or HE4 could differentiate early stage disease (stage I, II) more efficiently from advanced-stage (stage III, IV) disease (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The combination of TK1 protein with CA 125 or HE4 increased the potential of detecting ovarian cancer at early stages.
Superferric model dipole magnet with the yoke at 80 K for the GSI future fast cycling synchrotron

Experimental data of a fast cycling (f=1 Hz) 2T dipole magnet based on a superconducting NbTi multi filament hollow cable cooled with forced two phase helium flow at T=4.5K and iron yoke at T=80 K are presented. A new magnet design is proposed. The magnet yoke made of laminated steel consists of two parts: the internal smaller part has close mechanical and thermal contact with the coil while the outer part is separated from the cold mass with a gap of 1 mm and cooled with liquid nitrogen.
Thermoconvective instabilities in a horizontal porous layer

Experimental investigations of natural convection in a porous layer placed between two horizontal and isothermal plane surfaces have revealed a new type of convection as the Rayleigh number Ra* increases: fluctuating convection. A numerical study carried out on a two-dimensional model in order to simulate this phenomenon shows that, apart from the influence of the Rayleigh number, the aspect ratio A (length/height) of a vortical cell is the most important parameter for the occurrence of this type of convection. These quasi-periodic fluctuations induce important variations in the temperature field and in the streamlines. The total heat transport, as defined by the Nusselt number Nu*, varies within limits which may be separated by 80% of the mean value. Using the Galerkin method it is possible to deduce the conditions for the onset of convection from a state of pure conduction and also to define the critical conditions for the development of fluctuating convection from another perturbed state. A physical interpretation of the results is given for each type of convection. The results seem to agree with the experimental and numerical results obtained by different authors.
Dual educational rationality and acculturation in Mapuche people in Chile

Even though Mapuche people represent the largest indigenous population in Chile, the “logic of double rationality” in their educational knowledge and its link with acculturation dynamics, has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between the attitudes toward school education and the acculturation orientations of 468 Mapuche people, with ages from 17 to 53 years (M = 16.19; SD = 7.0). Participants were students of secondary schools and universities from urban and rural areas of different regions of Chile. Results showed that most of the participants presented a bicultural orientation (39.4%), followed by a group of segregated or ethnic identity profile (23.5%), while those who preferred assimilation (17.5%), and marginalization (20.7%) represented a minority. Results indicated that people identified as bicultural scored higher in the components of dual Mapuche/ Chilean Mestizo educational rationality than the other acculturation profiles. Also, the fluency in speaking Mapuche language was positively associated with the perception of cultural differences in knowledge and education between Mapuche and Chilean culture, the evaluation of the teaching of Mapuche culture, the perception of school as a factor of assimilation, the valuation of bicultural practices, and the justification of double rationality. Findings’ contributions to the development of pertinent educational practices in contexts of social and cultural diversity are discussed.
Fabrication of Silane-Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Effects on the Structural, Thermal, Mechanical, and Hysteretic Behavior of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites can be achieved by the selection of the appropriate fabrication method, surface modification, and orientation of the filler. Herein, we present a nonsolvent-induced phase separation method with ternary solvents to prepare thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite films with excellent mechanical properties using 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-modified cellulose nanocrystals (GLCNCs). ATR-IR and SEM analyses of the GLCNCs confirmed that GL was successfully coated on the surface of the nanocrystals. The incorporation of GLCNCs in TPU resulted in the enhancement of the tensile strain and toughness of pure TPU owing to the enhanced interfacial interactions between them. The GLCNC–TPU composite film had tensile strain and toughness values of 1740.42% and 90.01 MJ/m3, respectively. Additionally, GLCNC–TPU exhibited a good elastic recovery rate. CNCs were readily aligned along the fiber axis after the spinning and drawing of the composites into fibers, which further improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The stress, strain, and toughness of the GLCNC–TPU composite fiber increased by 72.60%, 10.25%, and 103.61%, respectively, compared to those of the pure TPU film. This study demonstrates a facile and effective strategy for fabricating mechanically enhanced TPU composites.
Dispersal syndromes mediate phylogenetic distance decay relationships in a dendritic stream network

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the structure and connectivity of ecological communities is a central issue in biogeography. Dispersal syndromes are tightly woven into organisms' life history seen across populations and communities, but measuring dispersal is still complicated in practice. We investigated the role of dispersal syndromes (here, associated with body size, adult flying ability and voltinism) to predict phylogenetic distance decay relationships (DDRs) of aquatic insect assemblages in dendritic stream networks.
Morphology and spectral properties of the DART impact ejecta with VLT/MUSE

Context. On September 26, 2022, the NASA DART mission impacted the asteroid Dimorphos, the smaller component of the Didymos binary asteroid system. This provided a unique opportunity to observe, in real time, the evolution of the ejecta cloud produced by the impact and the formation of a tail. Aims. We present observations performed with the MUSE instrument at the Very Large Telescope to characterise the morphology, spectral properties, and evolution of the ejecta. The Didymos system was observed with MUSE on 11 nights from just before impact to almost one month post-impact, using both wide-ﬁeld observations without adaptive optics and narrow-ﬁeld observations with adaptive optics. Methods. We produced white light images that were used to study the morphology of the ejecta at di ﬀ erent spatial scales. The spectral information was used to search for gas emission from either exposed ice or propellant, and to study the spatial and temporal variation of the ejecta dust reﬂectance through reﬂectance maps. Results. We searched for, but did not detect, emission from [OI], Xe, NH 2 , and H 2 O + in a 1 (cid:48) × 1 (cid:48) ﬁeld of view in our observations starting almost 4h after impact. We detected a number of morphological features, including a short-lived ejecta cloud visible on September 27 towards the east, spirals, clumps, and a tail that started forming only a few hours after impact. The analysis of the reﬂectance maps showed that the initial ejecta was bluer than the system before impact, while the tail and spirals were redder than the initial ejecta, consistent with them being made of larger particles. Over the few weeks following impact, the tail became redder. No signiﬁcant colour di ﬀ erences could be seen between the clumps and the initial ejecta.
A statistical study for evolving arrays of nematic point defects

We study the dynamics of nematic point defects within a capillary tube enforcing homeotropic anchoring on the lateral boundary. At the initial time a great many of them, with topological charges alternating in sign, may be created at random along the axis of the cylinder; they then evolve, subject to their mutual interactions, and eventually reach an equilibrium configuration, possibly after having suffered many annihilations. Here we see how the arrays of surviving defects depend on both the length of the tube and the number of initial defects. We arrive at the equilibrium distribution of the distance between defects by solving the appropriate evolution equations over many simulations. The information we thus obtain on the average spacing could be tested experimentally.
Bidirectional Relationships between Parental Anxiety, Internalizing Symptoms, and Peer Victimization and Aggression among Early Adolescents

There have been few studies on the bidirectional interaction between the parental and the offspring’s psychological symptoms. It is important to fill in this lacuna to understand the development and vicious cycles of psychological symptoms in the familial context. The objective was to study the bidirectional relationships between parental anxiety, early adolescents’ internalizing symptoms, and peer victimization and aggression. 288 early adolescents (54% girls) between 9 and 15 years ( M a g e = 12.84 and SD = 1.22) and their parents participated in a two-wave bidirectional study. Path analyses showed bidirectional relationships between early adolescents’ internalizing symptoms and peer victimization. Maternal anxiety was preceded by the offspring’s internalizing symptoms. The hypothesized model differed by gender but not age, indicating that the path from peer victimization to peer aggression was stronger in girls. These results contribute to the study of parental and early adolescent symptoms from a multi-informant perspective.
COVID-19 in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Incidence, Clinical Management, and Mortality by Social Determinants of Health, Symptomatology, and Comorbidities in the Xingu Health Region

This study aims to investigate the relationship between social determinants of health (SDH), incidence, and mortality to verify which sociodemographic factors, symptoms, and comorbidities predict clinical management; second, this study aims to conduct a survival analysis of individuals with COVID-19 in the Xingu Health Region. Consequently, this study adopted an ecological framework, employing secondary data of COVID-19-positive individuals from the Xingu Health Region, Pará State, Brazil. The data were obtained through the database of the State of Pará Public Health Secretary (SESPA) for the period from March 2020 to March 2021. The incidence and mortality were higher in Vitória do Xingu and Altamira. Municipalities with a higher percentage of citizens with health insurance and higher public health expenditure showed a higher incidence and mortality. A higher gross domestic product was associated with a higher incidence. Females were found to be associated with better clinical management. To live in Altamira was a risk factor for intensive care unit admission. The symptoms and comorbidities that predicted worse clinical management were dyspnea, fever, emesis, chills, diabetes, cardiac and renal diseases, obesity, and neurological diseases. There were higher incidence, mortality, and lower survival rates among the elderly. Thus, it can be concluded that SDH indicators, symptomatology, and comorbidities have implications for the incidence, mortality, and clinical management of COVID-19 in the Xingu Health Region of eastern Amazonia, Brazil.
Evaluation of Propiophenone, 4-Methylacetophenone and 2′,4′-Dimethylacetophenone as Phytotoxic Compounds of Labdanum Oil from Cistus ladanifer L.

This is the first study to evaluate the phytotoxic activity of three phenolic compounds present in the essential oil of the labdanum of Cistus ladanifer, an allelopathic species of the Mediterranean ecosystem. Propiophenone, 4′-methylacetophenone, and 2′,4′-dimethylacetophenone slightly inhibit total germination and radicle growth of Lactuca sativa, and they strongly delay germination and reduce hypocotyl size. On the other hand, the inhibition effect of these compounds on Allium cepa was stronger on total germination than on germination rate, and radicle length compared to hypocotyl size. The position and number of methyl groups will affect the efficacy of the derivative. 2′,4′-dimethylacetophenone was the most phytotoxic compound. The activity of the compounds depended on their concentration and presented hormetic effects. In L. sativa, on paper, propiophenone presented greater inhibition of hypocotyl size at greater concentrations, with IC50 = 0.1 mM, whereas 4′-methylacetophenone obtained IC50 = 0.4 mM for germination rate. When the mixture of the three compounds was applied, in L. sativa, on paper, the inhibition effect on total germination and the germination rate was significantly greater compared to the effect of the compounds when they were applied separately; moreover, the mixture inhibited radicle growth, whereas propiophenone and 4′-methylacetophenone did not exert such effect when applied separately. The activity of the pure compounds and that of the mixture also changed based on the substrate used. When the trial was conducted in soil, the separate compounds delayed the germination of the A. cepa to a greater extent compared to the trial on paper, although they stimulated seedling growth. In soil, L. sativa against 4′-methylacetophenone also showed the opposite effect at low concentrations (0.1 mM), with stimulation of germination rate, whereas propiophenone and 4′-methylacetophenone presented a slightly increased effect.
Maintenance of the African easterly jet

The maintenance of the African easterly jet (AEJ) has been examined using a zonally symmetric general circulation model with simple parametrizations. It is shown that the AEJ is maintained in association with two diabatically forced meridional circulations: one associated with surface fluxes and dry convection in the Saharan heat‐low region and one associated with deep moist convection in the intertropical convergence zone equatorward of this. the heat‐low heating, which reaches the height of the AEJ around 700 mb, is particularly important in maintaining the AEJ and its associated meridional gradients in potential vorticity. It is concluded that the mean observed AEJ results from a combination of the diabatically forced meridional circulations which maintain it and easterly waves which weaken it.
Public Response to the Legalization of The Criminal Code Bill with Twitter Data Sentiment Analysis

— The Criminal Code Bill, also known as Rancangan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (RKUHP), passed in the House of Representatives (DPR) on December 6, 2022, is being debated because several issues need to be fixed. Therefore, research was conducted to determine the public's reaction to the ratification of the Criminal Code Bill by analyzing Twitter data. This study aims to obtain a general response to the legalized RKUHP. We use sentiment analysis, a text-processing method, to get data from the public. To do this, we used N-grams (unigrams, bigrams, and trigrams) along with three algorithms: Naïve Bayes, Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The result of sentiment analysis found that 51% of tweets were positive about the ratification of the RKUHP, and 49% were negative. In addition, it was also found that SVM has the best accuracy compared to other algorithms, with an accuracy value of 0.81 on the unigram combination.