Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solar‐terrestrial coupling: Solar soft X‐rays and thermospheric nitric oxide

Simultaneous measurements were made of the solar soft x‐ray irradiances and the thermospheric nitric oxide density in the tropics from the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) satellite. The analysis of these observations for 44 days of low geomagnetic activity in the spring of 1998 show that there is a correlation between the solar soft x‐ray irradiances and thermospheric nitric oxide densities in the tropics. Photochemical model calculations that used the measured solar soft x‐ray irradiances as input parameters adequately reproduce the magnitude of the time‐varying component of the thermospheric nitric oxide in the tropics. An additional amount of nitric oxide is present in the tropics that does not vary with the time period of the solar rotation. The conclusion of this analysis is that solar soft x‐rays are the primary cause of the variation in the thermospheric nitric oxide densities in the tropics during times of low geomagnetic activity.
Genetic Variations in the Purinergic P2X7 Receptor Are Associated with the Immune Response to Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Colombia

Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is characterized by inflammation within the eye and is the most recognized clinical manifestation of toxoplasmosis. The objective of this study was to identify new single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2RX7 gene that may have significance in the immune response to OT in Colombian patients. A case–control study was conducted to investigate the associations between SNPs (rs1718119 and rs2230912) in the P2RX7 gene and OT in 64 Colombian patients with OT and 64 controls. Capillary electrophoresis was used to analyze the amplification products, and in silico algorithms were employed to predict deleterious SNPs. Stability analysis of amino acid changes indicated that both mutations could lead to decreased protein structure stability. A nonsynonymous SNP, Gln460Arg, located in the long cytoplasmic tail of the receptor, showed a significant association with OT (Bonferroni correction (BONF) = 0.029; odds ratio OR = 3.46; confidence interval CI: 1.05 to 11.39), while no significant association between rs1718119 and OT risk was observed. Based on the 3D structure analysis of the P2RX7 protein trimer, it is hypothesized that an increase in the flexibility of the cytoplasmic domain of this receptor could alter its function. This SNP could potentially serve as a biomarker for identifying Colombian patients at risk of OT.
Colorectal Cancer Awareness and Related Factors Among Adults Attending Primary Healthcare in North-Eastern of Iran: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in Iran. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness regarding CRC warning signs, risk factors, screening program, and related factors among adults in North-Eastern Iran. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The multi-stage sampling method was used to survey 2614 participants attending primary healthcare centers in Mashhad, Iran. The data collection tools were the demographics section and Bowel/ CRC Awareness Measure (Bowel/Colorectal CAM). The data were analyzed by SPSS, version 25. The significance level of the data analysis was less than 0.05. Results: Mean awareness for CRC warning signs and CRC risk factors were 2.85±2.13 and 3.63±1.85, respectively. Most participants (97.2%) had no awareness of the CRC screening program. There was a significant association between marital status, education, job, income, and family history of CRC with awareness of warning signs (P<0.001); moreover, there was a significant association between age, education, job, income, and family history of CRC with awareness of risk factors (P<0.001). The results of logistic regression indicated that there was a significant association between age (P=0.022, OR=1.794, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.087, 2.962), gender (P=0.005, OR=0.488, 95% CI: 0.296, 0.803) and warning sign awareness (P<0.001, OR=1.278, 95% CI: 1.124, 1.454) with awareness of the CRC screening program. Conclusion: In this study, most of the participants had low awareness of CRC. More aimed educational interventions are needed to promote Iranian adults’ awareness of CRC.
Workplace Bullying and Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Mediation Role of Emotional Labor

Bullying in the workplace is a negative behavior and has many harmful consequences for the organization, including counterproductive work behaviors. The present study explores the above causal relationship while examining the mediating role of emotional labor. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used. Qualitative research was carried out with two phases of group discussion with 10 employees working in enterprises in Vietnam and expert interviews with 6 experts in business administration. Quantitative research is carried out through a pilot test and formal research. The pilot test collected 207 answer sheets, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software to check the scale's reliability. The formal research collected 1,206 questionnaires; then, the data was analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results found a significant positive effect of employees being bullied at the workplace on their counterproductive work behaviors. At the same time, emotional labor acts as a mediator in this relationship, in which surface acting increases this positive effect, but deep acting attenuates it. Based on the results, the study proposes managerial implications for reducing workplace bullying, improving employees' emotional labor performance, and limiting counterproductive work behaviors.
Less reliable water availability in the 21st century climate projections

The temporal variability of river and soil water affects society at time scales ranging from hourly to decadal. The available water (AW), i.e., precipitation minus evapotranspiration, represents the total water available for runoff, soil water storage change, and ground water recharge. The reliability of AW is defined as the annual range of AW between local wet and dry seasons. A smaller annual range represents greater reliability and a larger range denotes less reliability. Here we assess the reliability of AW in the 21st century climate projections by 20 climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The multimodel consensus suggests less reliable AW in the 21st century than in the 20th century with generally decreasing AW in local dry seasons and increasing AW in local wet seasons. In addition to the canonical perspective from climate models that wet regions will get wetter, this study suggests greater dryness during dry seasons even in regions where the mean climate becomes wetter. Lower emission scenarios show significant advantages in terms of minimizing impacts on AW but do not eliminate these impacts altogether.
Response of the South China Sea to Tropical Cyclone Ernie 1996

A moving tropical cyclone is an intense localized source of surface wind stress and wind stress curl that produces a significant response in the ocean environment, especially in the ocean thermal structure, the upper ocean currents, and the sea surface elevation. Such a response has been well identified in the open-ocean region, but not in the coastal ocean region. In this study we use the Princeton Ocean Model with 20 km horizontal resolution and 23 sigma levels conforming to a realistic bottom topography to identify the response of the South China Sea to Tropical Cyclone Ernie 1996. Results show strong similarities in the responses between open ocean and coastal regions, including near-surface strong asymmetric response such as divergent currents with near-inertial oscillations, significant sea surface temperature cooling, biase to the right of the storm track, sea surface depressions in the wake of the storm, and subsurface intense upwelling and cooling at the base of the mixed layer to the right of the storm track. The unique features of the SCS response to Ernie are also discussed.
MIT Open Access

Altered cellular metabolism is believed to be an important contributor to pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorder Huntington’s disease (HD). Research has primarily focused on mitochondrial toxicity, which can cause death of the vulnerable striatal neurons, but other aspects of metabolism have also been implicated. Most previous studies have been carried out using postmortem human brain or non-human cells. Here, we studied bioenergetics in an induced pluripotent stem cell-based model of the disease. We found decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in HD cells compared to controls across differentiation stages and protocols. Proteomics data and multiomics network analysis revealed normal or increased levels of mitochondrial messages and proteins, but lowered expression of glycolytic enzymes. Metabolic experiments showed decreased spare glycolytic capacity in HD neurons, while maximal and spare respiratory capacities driven by oxidative phosphorylation were largely unchanged. ATP levels in HD neurons could be rescued with addition of pyruvate or late glycolytic metabolites, but not earlier glycolytic metabolites, suggesting a role for glycolytic deficits as part of the metabolic disturbance in HD neurons. Pyruvate or other related metabolic supplements could have therapeutic benefit in HD.
Mesoscopic Analysis of Rounded and Hybrid Aggregates in Recycled Rubber Concrete

Recycled rubber concrete (RRC), a sustainable building material, provides a solution to the environmental issues posed by rubber waste. This research introduces a sophisticated hybrid random aggregate model for RRC. The model is established by combining convex polygon aggregates and rounded rubber co-casting schemes with supplemental tools developed in MATLAB and Fortran for processing. Numerical analyses, based on the base force element method (BFEM) of the complementary energy principle, are performed on RRC’s uniaxial tensile and compressive behaviors using the proposed aggregate models. This study identified the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) around the rubber as RRC’s weakest area. Here, cracks originate and progress to the aggregate, leading to widespread cracking. Primary cracks form perpendicular to the load under tension, whereas bifurcated cracks result from compression, echoing conventional concrete’s failure mechanisms. Additionally, the hybrid aggregate model outperformed the rounded aggregate model, exhibiting closer peak strengths and more accurate aggregate shapes. The method’s validity is supported by experimental findings, resulting In detailed stress–strain curves and damage contour diagrams.
Nalfurafine hydrochloride to treat pruritus: a review

: Uremic pruritus has a great negative influence on quality of life in hemodialysis (HD) patients and, importantly, negatively affects mortality risk. Recently, nalfurafine hydrochloride, an opioid κ -selective agonist, has been officially approved for resistant pruritus in HD patients on the basis of a well-evidenced clinical trial in Japan. From clinical observation, it has been suggested that the upper neuron system plays a role in its pathogenesis. According to previous experimental results, using mice injected with opioids, dynorphin suppresses itch through binding κ -opioid receptors, suggesting that κ -opioid opioid receptor agonists act as potential therapeutic reagents for pruritus in HD patients. In Japan, a large-scale placebo-controlled study was performed to examine the efficacy and safety of oral nalfurafine hydrochloride for intractable pruritus in 337 HD patients. Two daily doses of 2.5 or 5 µ g nalfurafine or placebo were orally administered for 2 weeks, and clinical responses were analyzed. The results showed that the mean decrease in the visual analog scale for pruritus from baseline was 22 mm in the 5 µ g nalfurafine hydrochloride group (n = 114) and 23 mm in the 2.5 µ g group (n = 112). These reductions were statistically significant compared with 13 mm, which is the mean decrease of visual analog scale in the placebo group (n = 111), demonstrating that nalfurafine is an effective and safe drug for uremic pruritus in HD patients. Moreover, another open-label trial (n = 145) examining the long-term effect of 5 µ g oral nalfurafine revealed the maintenance of the antipruritic effect of nalfurafine for 52 weeks. In addition, on the basis of recent data showing κ -opioid receptor expression in the epidermis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, nalfurafine hydrochloride also can be potentially used for these two skin diseases.
Modelling dynamic stall of an airfoil with vortex generators using a double-wake panel model with viscous-inviscid interaction

Vortex generators (VGs) have been widely applied to wind turbines thanks to their potential to increase aerodynamic performance. Due to the complex inﬂow perceived by a rotor and the proneness to ﬂow separation, VGs on wind turbines usually experience highly unsteady ﬂow. While there are models that exist to simulate the steady eﬀects of VGs, we lack a fast and eﬃcient tool to model the unsteady performance of airfoils equipped with VGs. This paper adopts an unsteady double-wake panel model with viscous-inviscid interaction developed to simulate a vertical axis turbine in dynamic stall, adding the capability of predicting the dynamic aerodynamic performance of VG-equipped airfoils. The results of a series of steady and unsteady cases of an airfoil with diﬀerent VG conﬁgurations in various pitch motions in free and forced transition are veriﬁed against experimental data. Results show that the double wake model oﬀers suﬃcient accuracy results compared to experimental data to claim the model’s validity in a preliminary evaluation of an airfoil’s capability to prevent stall with VGs. While a few limitations are still identiﬁed for improvement, the model’s accuracy in predicting the transition location, separation and reattachment, and drag forces into future development.
Low-Frequency Variations of Surface Temperature in Observations and Simulations

Abstract This paper documents the low-frequency (i.e., decadal) variations of surface temperature for the period 1899–1998 in observations, and in simulations conducted as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The space–time structure of low-frequency variations is extracted using optimal persistence analysis, which is a technique that linearly decomposes a vector time series into a set of uncorrelated components, ordered such that the first component maximizes the decorrelation time, the second maximizes the decorrelation time subject to being uncorrelated with the first, and so on. The results suggests that only the first two optimal persistence patterns (OPPs) in the observation-based record are statistically distinguishable from white noise. These two components can reproduce the spatial structure of local linear trends over various multidecadal periods, indicating that they give an efficient representation of the observed change in surface temper.
Paleoecological implications inferred from stable isotopic signatures (δ13C,δ15N) in bone collagen of Ursus spelaeus ROS.-HEIN

Stable isotopic signatures measured in bone collagen provide with data related to the species diet type. In this paper we compare δ13C and δ15N outcomes in Ursus spelaeus ROS. -HEIN. bone remains from Liñares site and Cova Eirós site (Galicia, NW of the Iberian Peninsula). Some data on fossil Ursus arctos L. and Pleistocene Cervus elaphus L. from Galician caves are also presented, as a first approach to distinguish paleodiets of different species inferred from their isotopic signatures. Once all data have been analyzed with proper statistical tools and since this work was planned in order to reduce variation in stable isotopic signals caused by metabolic causes, we may assume that the observed differences between both studied groups are exclusively due to environmental factors and show a migration of the cave bear population in the Serra do Courel mountains from higher to lower altitudes because of the transition from warm climatic conditions to colder ones.
Hydromorphological assessment of the anastomosing section of the Narew River after restoration

Abstract Five parallel channels of the Narew River (NE Poland) were hydromorphologically assessed with the River Habitat Survey (RHS) method. Four out of the five studied channels were partly separated from the functioning system of the anastomosing river by a dike for more than 20 years, and were subjected to gradual overgrowing and shallowing. In the 1990’s and in 2002, a number of renaturisation measures were implemented, restoring sufficient discharge for the channels to make them active again. The Habitat Modification Score (HMS) obtained as a result of the survey only classifies the fragment ecologically to the third class of streams with high HMS value in the case of the current main channel of the Narew River (largely formed in an artificial manner). This suggests substantial anthropogenic changes in the river channel and its vicinity. The aggregate values of the Habitat Quality Assessment (HQA) index suggest the preservation of numerous environmentally valuable elements at all of the five studied sites of the anastomosing Narew River system. This even concerns channels which remained almost separated and functioned as oxbow lakes for more than 20 years. The highest HQA values were recorded in the case of the channel constituting the main channel before the regulation, and a neighbouring regulated channel currently fulfilling the function of the main water course in this cross-section. In spite of long-term negative changes, the studied fragment of the ecosystem of the anastomosing river is distinguished by high resistance to “anthropogenic stress”, and high capacity for spontaneous restoration of a state close to the natural one. Although lotic ecosystems constitute elements of the natural environment particularly sensitive to anthropopressure, they retain the ability to regenerate for a long time, under the condition of providing them with relevant hydrological and ecological conditions.
Field-induced heterophase state in PbZrO3 thin films

Applications of epitaxial antiferroelectrics face scientiﬁc challenges, such as limited understanding of degraded (in comparison to bulk) switching behavior and its relation to nanoscale structural organization. We report on an unusual structural response of PbZrO 3 / SrRuO 3 / SrTiO 3 (001) heterostructures to precritical (lower than required for switching) electric ﬁelds. In situ x-ray diffraction shows a ferrielectric-like structure, which forms gradually upon increasing the applied ﬁeld and makes up a heterophase state with the host antiferroelectric phase. The ﬁeld-induced structure is similar to the antiferroelectric parent phase in the octahedral-tilt pattern, but differs from it in the lead-ion displacement pattern. The latter can be encoded as ↑↑↑↑ ↓↑↑↓ provided that the antiferroelectric structure is encoded as ↓↓↑↑ . We propose that the unusual commensurateness (as opposed to the more ubiquitous incommensuration in similar materials) between the modulation periods of host and guest phases can be explained by accounting for the energy of heterophase boundaries, which is important in dense nanostructures due to the high surface-to-bulk ratio of nanodomains. An analysis using the ab-initio -correlated, but empirical (parametrized) energy model suggests that the observed ﬁeld-induced structure is likely to be selected in PbZrO 3 instead of the others in the case when the above commensuration effect is at play. The results point to the mechanism leading to the smearing of polarization-ﬁeld loops in such heterostructures and suggest a perspective for the controlled creation of delicate dipolar orderings for ferroic-based memory.
Aligning Documentation and Q&A Forum through Constrained Decoding with Weak Supervision

Stack Overflow (SO) is a widely used question-and-answer (Q&A) forum dedicated to software development. It plays a supplementary role to official documentation (DOC for short) by offering practical examples and resolving uncertainties. However, the process of simultaneously consulting both the documentation and SO posts can be challenging and time-consuming due to their disconnected nature. In this study, we propose DOSA, a novel approach to automatically align SO and DOC, which inject domain-specific knowledge about the DOC structure into large language models (LLMs) through weak supervision and constrained decoding, thereby enhancing knowledge retrieval and streamlining task completion during the software development procedure. Our preliminary experiments find that DOSA outperforms various widely-used baselines, showing the promise of using generative retrieval models to perform low-resource software engineering tasks.
Multiplex Network Analysis of the UK OTC Derivatives Market

In this paper, we analyse the network of exposures constructed by using the UK trade repository data for three different categories of contracts: interest rate, credit, and foreign exchange derivatives. We study how liquidity shocks related to variation margins propagate across the network and translate into payment deficiencies across different derivative markets. A key finding of the paper is that, in extreme theoretical scenarios where liquidity buffers are small, a handful of institutions may experience significant spillover effects due to the directionality of their portfolios. Additionally, we show that two novel multiplex centrality measures, the Functional Multiplex Eigenvector Centrality and the Functional Multiplex PageRank, can be used as a proxy for the vulnerability of financial institutions, with the Functional Multiplex PageRank improving on the results that can be obtained using the Functional Multiplex Eigenvector Centrality.
The influence of pool length on local turbulence production and energy slope: a flume experiment

The inﬂuence of pool length on the strength of turbulence generated by vortex shedding was investigated in a 6 m long recirculating ﬂume. The experiment utilized a 38% constriction of ﬂow and an average channel‐bed slope of 0·007. The base geometry for the intermediate‐length pool experiment originated from a highly simpliﬁed, 0·10 scale model of a forced pool from North Saint Vrain Creek, Colorado. Discharge in the ﬂume was 31·6 l/s, which corresponds to a discharge in the prototype channel of 10 m3/s. Three shorter and four longer pool lengths also were created with a ﬁxed bed to determine changes in turbulence intensities and energy slope with pool elongation. Three‐dimensional velocities were measured with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter at 31–40 different 0·6‐depth and near‐bed locations downstream of the rectangular constriction. The average velocity and root mean square (RMS) of the absolute magnitude of velocity at both depths are signiﬁcantly related to the distance from the constriction in most pool locations downstream of the constriction. In many locations, pool elongation results in a non‐linear change in turbulence intensities and average velocity. Based on the overall ﬂow pattern, the strongest turbulence occurs in the center of the pool along the shear zone between the jet and recirculating eddy. The lateral location of this shear zone is sensitive to changes in pool length. Energy slope also was sensitive to pool length due to a combination of greater length of the pool and greater head loss with shorter pools. The results indicate some form of hydraulic optimization is possible with pools adjusting their length to adjust the location and strength of turbulent intensities in the center of pools, and lower their rate of energy dissipation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.