Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals lineage-specific regulatory changes of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in keloid

Keloid is a benign dermal fibrotic disorder with some features similar to malignant tumors such as hyper-proliferation, apoptosis resistance and invasion. keloid remains a therapeutic challenge in terms of high recurrence rate and lack of satisfactory medical therapies, which is partially due to the incomplete understanding of keloid pathogenesis. A thorough understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism of keloid pathogenesis would facilitate the development of novel medical therapies for this disease. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-seq of 28,064 cells from keloid skin tissue and adjacent relatively normal tissue. Unbiased clustering revealed substantial cellular heterogeneity of the keloid tissue, which included 21 cell clusters assigned to 11 cell lineages. Differential proportion analysis revealed significant expansion for fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in keloid compared with control, reflecting their strong association with keloid pathogenesis. We then identified five previously unrecognized subpopulations of keloid fibroblasts and four subpopulations of vascular endothelial cells. Comparative analyses were performed to identify the dysregulated pathways, regulators and ligand-receptor interactions for keloid fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells, the two important cell lineages in keloid pathogenesis and for medical interventions. Our results highlight the roles of transforming growth factor beta and Eph-ephrin signaling pathways in both the aberrant fibrogenesis and angiogenesis of keloid. Critical regulators and signaling receptors implicated in the fibrogenesis of other fibrotic disorders, such as TWIST1, FOXO3, SMAD3 and EPHB2, ranked at the top in the regulatory network of keloid fibroblasts. In addition, tumor-related pathways such as negative regulation of PTEN transcription were found to be activated in keloid fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells, which may be responsible for the malignant features of keloid. Our study put novel insights into the pathogenesis of keloid, and provided potential targets for medical therapies. Our dataset also constitutes a valuable resource for further investigations of the mechanism of keloid pathogenesis.
Launaea taraxacifolia ameliorates cisplatin-induced hepato-renal injury.

Aims: The protective potential of aqueous leaf extract of Launaea taraxacifolia against Cisplatin-induced hepato-renal damage in Wistar rats. Study Design: Randomized controlled experiment Place and Duration of Study: Experimental Animal Unit and Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan between July and September, 2013. Methodology: Thirty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group Acontrol; Group Bcisplatin (CIS) alone; Group C and DLaunea taraxacifolia (LT) 100 mg and 400 mg respectively and Group E and Ftreated with LT 100 mg and 400 mg respectively and then given CIS. Kidney and liver sections were taken for histopathological evaluations. Serum samples were taken for alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], bilirubin [BIL], total protein (TP), albumin [ALB], blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREAT) level assessments. The remaining tissues were processed for the assessment of biochemical markers of oxidative stress: Original Research Article European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4(5): 528-541, 2014 529 Lipid peroxidation (LPO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione (GSH). Results: Hepatorenal histological toxicities were observed in rats exclusively exposed to cisplatin while dose-dependent ameliorations of these histopathologies were seen in those with combined exposure (Groups E and F) with the aqueous extract of Launaea taraxacifolia and virtually normal histoarchitecture was seen in extract alone treated rats. The hepatic (ALT, AST, BIL) and renal (BUN and CREAT) injury markers significantly (p<0.05) increased in groups exclusively exposed to cisplatin with less severity in cotreated (E and F) groups. The oxidative stress markers, LPO, SOD and CAT levels which were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in cisplatin exclusively exposed Group B, were not altered in other groups when compared with control. However, glutathione level significantly decrease (p<0.05) in GSH levels in kidney and liver tissues of (Group B) cisplatin alone relative to control. Conclusion: Launaea taraxacifolia provides protection against cisplatin-induced hepatorenal damage through its antioxidant activities.
Rapid diffusion of large TatA complexes detected using single particle tracking microscopy

The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system transports folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane of most bacteria and archaea. TatA, which contains a single membrane-spanning helix, is believed to be responsible for the actual translocation. According to the prevalent model, multiple TatA subunits form a transient protein-conducting pore, which disassembles after each translocation event. An alternative model exists, in which TatA proteins locally weaken the lipid bilayer to translocate folded proteins. Here, we imaged eGFP-fused TatA expressed from the genome in live E. coli cells. Images showed TatA occuring both in highly mobile monomers or small oligomers and in large, stable complexes that do not dissociate. Single-particle tracking revealed that large TatA complexes switch between fast and slow diffusion. The fast diffusion is too fast for a transmembrane protein complex consisting of multiple TatA monomers. In line with recent data on rhomboid proteases, we propose that TatA complexes switch between a slowly diffusing transmembrane conformation and a rapidly diffusing membrane-disrupting state that enables folded proteins to cross the membrane, in accordance with the membrane-weakening model.
Aspirin Resistant Autosomal Dominant Familial Erythermalgia: A Congenital Incurable Neuropathic Disorder Caused by a Gain of Function Mutation in Exon 26 of the SCN9a Gene on Chromosome 2q24.3

The concept and pathologic basis of erythromelalgia outlined by Mitchell in 1878 remained elusive for one century until Michiels discovered aspirin responsive erythromelalgiain thrombocythemia in 1978. On the basis of the description of Mitchell [1] and clinical observations in 81 cases in which burning pain in the hands or feet was a prominent or disabling symptom, Brown postulated in 1932 five basic criteria for the diagnosis of true primary variant of burning red congested extremities [2].
Rumen protozoa shape microbiome composition and metabolic output of fermentation

Background: Eukaryotic ciliate protozoa are an integral part of the rumen microbiome where they account for up to half of the microbial biomass. Protozoa are known to reside in tight association with their surrounding prokaryotic community - either as predators or involved in mutualistic interactions. Nonetheless, the extent of the ecological effect of protozoa on the microbial community as well as their effect on the rumen metabolic output remains largely understudied. Results: Our study shows that ciliate protozoa determine the metabolic output of the rumen microbiome as well as impose ecological effects on the prokaryotic community. By conducting microcosms experiments over time we find that volatile fatty acids and methane production are highly increased in the presence of protozoa. Analyzing the structure of the prokaryotic community in the presence of protozoa shows that predation enables several species to colonize previously occupied ecological niches. Furthermore, we observe specificity in predation-resistant species across all treatments, while predation susceptible species depends mainly on the source environment. Our results suggest that ecological models describing predation dynamics are applicable when studying host-associated communities. Conclusions: We conclude that protozoa have a large impact on the rumen ecosystem structure that may determine the overall rumen productivity. Our study further provides insights into natural dynamics as well as the multifaceted role of microbial eukaryotes in host-associated habitats. Thus, when studying the rumen microbial ecosystem, cross-domain interactions between protozoa and prokarya need to be taken into consideration.
Control of RNA polymerase II promoter-proximal pausing by DNA supercoiling

The accumulation of topological stress in the form of DNA supercoiling is inherent to the advance of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complexes, and needs to be resolved by DNA topoisomerases to sustain productive transcriptional elongation. Topoisomerases are therefore considered general positive facilitators of transcription. Here we show that, in contrast to this general assumption, human topoisomerase IIa accumulates at gene promoters, where it removes transcription-associated negative DNA supercoiling and represses transcription by enforcing promoter-proximal pausing of Pol II. We demonstrate that this topological balance is essential to maintain Immediate Early Genes under basal repression conditions, and that its disruption creates a positive feedback loop that explains their typical bursting behavior in response to stimulus. We therefore describe the control of promoter DNA supercoiling by topoisomerases as a novel layer for the regulation of gene expression, which can act as a molecular switch to rapidly activate transcription.
Recurrent mass hysteria in schoolchildren in Western Nepal

Aim: The aim was to study the clinical presentation and factors contributing to “recurrent mass hysteria” among rural schoolgoing children. Materials and Methods: A visit to a school in a remote hilly district of Puythan, Nepal, was carried out to assess students experiencing mass dissociative/conversion symptoms over a short period of time. There was a second incidence of “mass hysteria” on the day of visit. Regular follow-up of these students was done telephonically for the next 1 year. Results: The total number of child victim of “mass hysteria” was 47, with majority of them being girl students. Historically, at least two more attacks of “mass hysteria” were noted in the schoolchildren in the preceding years. Follow-up study revealed no further attacks of similar “mass attacks” over the following 1 year. Conclusion: Supporting, assuring, counseling, and educating these children, their parents and teachers and conducting public awareness programs are the mainstay of treatment of mass hysteria.
Glycaemic variations after administration of Irvingia gabonensis

The action of Irvingia gabonensis seed fractions in reducing or slowing down the intestinal absorption of glucose was evaluated in normoglycaemic rats. The crude seeds (CS), the defatted seeds (DS) and the protein fraction (PF) were administered at dose of 400mg/ kg body weight to normoglycemic rats submitted to oral glucose test (OGTT) with glucose (2g/kg body weight). The results obtained show a significant reduction of the postprandial glucose level after a glucose load of (2g/kg body weight) as well as fasting blood glucose levels with the three fractions. Keywords : antihyperglycaemic, blood glucose, solubles fibres, Irvingia seeds fractions African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines Vol. 3(4) 2006: 94-101
Attitude, practice, behavior, and mental health impact of COVID-19 on doctors

Background: COVID-19, like every other pandemic, has imposed an unprecedented threat to doctors' physical and mental health. Literature in this area is sparse. The present study has been done to explore the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of doctors regarding this pandemic and how it influences their depression, anxiety, and stress level. Materials and Methods: This online survey has been done for 10 days. Data were collected on background characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the respondents in a semi-structured pro forma, and psychiatric morbidity was measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. A total of 152 complete responses have been received. The data were assessed using SPSS software. Results: Out of 152 study participants, 34.9% were depressed and 39.5% and 32.9% were having anxiety and stress, respectively. Significant predictors for psychiatric morbidities were experience in health sector, duty hours, use of protective measures, and altruistic coping. Multivariable logistic regression showed most of the factors to be significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress level. Discussion: Doctors who were working during COVID pandemic have a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity. Age and having multiple comorbidities are significant predictive factors. Adequate protective measures should be warranted. Altruistic coping and a sense of greater goal are significant among the doctor community, in this pressing time. The doctors are pushing themselves to the best of their capacity and also protecting their patients' best interest. A large-scale, multicentric study will probably give a larger picture and will guide us for better service planning and delivery.
Geographical abundance distributions of coastal invertebrates: using one‐dimensional ranges to test biogeographic hypotheses

It is often assumed that species generally reach their highest densities in the centre of their range and decline in abundance towards the range edges. A number of mechanisms have been proposed that could theoretically support this pattern, and several ecological theories have been developed based on the assumption that this pattern occurs in nature. However, few studies have quantified geographical patterns of species abundance throughout species ranges. This is largely because of the logistical challenges of sampling throughout the large spatial areas of most species ranges. We use intertidal invertebrates, which have relatively well defined linear ranges, to test the hypothesis that species are most abundant in the centres of their ranges.
Extreme spatial variation in the growth and reproductive output of the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides

Geographic vanahon in secondary production can profoundly influence populahon and community processes yet is rarely studied in benthic manne organisms In this paper we document stnlung vanahon withln and among locations in the growth and reproducbve output of the acorn barnacle Sernlbalanus balanoides and discuss the potential consequences of our results on understanding recruitment and other population processes Within Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA) barnacle growth and reproduction is far greater than at nearby open coast locations At comparable tidal heights recruits in the Bay grew to nearly twice the basal diameter and had almost 10 times the reproductive output compared to recruits on the open coast Transplant experiments suggest that the high secondary production of Bay barnacles is largely a phenotypic response to high primary production Withinand among-site patterns in barnacle secondary production associated with enhanced flow velocities were also conspicuous Barnacles at low tidal heights, in habitats exposed to large tidal currents and in waveexposed habitats had higher growth and reproduction than barnacles at hlgher tidal heights or habltats with lower velocities Water column food concentrations and fluid velocities both strongly influence barnacle growth and reproduction through their combined effects on the flux of food to indi\~lduals Our results imply that predictable variation in food supply rates may lead to important and equally predictable consequences on regional larval production and the density-dependent dynamics of adult benthic populations INTRODUCTION Published August 27 ~ Vol. 75: 91-100, 1991 Benthic marine populations in intertidal habitats have been studied extensively, and have contributed disproportionately to our general understanding of marine production and community dynamics. Harsh physical conditions such as heat, desiccation, and osmotic stress can limit population growth and affect spatial distribution patterns, but consumer (Paine 1966, Lubchenco 1978), competitive (Connell 1961, Buss 1986) and cooperative interactions (Hay 1986, Bertness 1989, Stephens & Bertness 1991) often play a major role in dictating population patterns. Benthic marine populations may also be strongly affected by recruitment processes (Sutherland 1974, Undenvood & Denley 1984, Gaines & Roughgarden 1985, Roughgarden et al. 1987). Conspicuously absent from this extensive list, however, is consideration of the effects of variation in primary and secondary production on benthic population processes (for exceptions see Highsmith 1980, Sebens 1980, Birkeland 1982, Glynn 1988, Extreme spatial variation in the growth and reproductive output of the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides Mark D. Bertness, Steven D. Gaines, David Bermudez, Eric Sanford Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence. Rhode Island 02912, USA MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.
Trichoscopic findings and quality-of-life assessment in Egyptian patients with noncicatricial alopecia

Background Trichoscopy has become a routine technique in dermatology practice. It is a simple, rapid, and noninvasive technique that allows early diagnosis and management, especially, of hair disorders. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the role of trichoscopy in diagnosis of noncicatricial alopecia (alopecia areata, androgenic alopecia, and telogen effluvium), clinical severity, and assessment of quality of life (QoL) in these disorders. Patients and methods One hundred and fifty patients with noncicatricial alopecia were divided according to their clinical diagnosis into three groups: alopecia areata (55 patients), androgenic alopecia (35 patients), and telogen effluvium (60 patients). Patients were assessed by clinical diagnosis, trichoscopy, and the Arabic version of Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). In alopecia areata, patients were assessed clinically by severity of alopecia tool (SALT) score. Results The study revealed that the three types of alopecia had very large effect on QoL in most of the patients measured by DLQI. In alopecia areata, SALT score was very effective tool to evaluate AA severity, which revealed mild to moderate degree of severity, and there was a positive significant correlation between DLQI and SALT score. Trichoscopic examination revealed yellow dots, black dots, broken hairs, exclamation marks, and short vellus hairs. In androgenic alopecia, hair diameter diversity greater than 20% was the most significant sign, and also there was presence of yellow dots and vellus hair but in number less than that in alopecia areata. Stress was the most common provocative factor in telogen effluvium. Conclusion The clinical and dermoscopic features were matched among diagnosis in the three types of noncicatricial alopecia (telogen effluvium, alopecia areata, and androgenic alopecia). The observed correlation between DLQI findings and the clinical severity of alopecia areata suggests that alopecia has a negative effect on a patient's QoL.
Rare tumor – insulinoma mimicking dissociative disorder

Indian Journal of Psychiatry Volume 62, Issue 3, May-June 2020 331 2. Kristiansen IS, Halvorsen PA, Gyrd‐Hansen D. Influenza pandemic: Perception of risk and individual precautions in a general population. Cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2007;7:48. 3. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan and Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. 11th edition. New Delhi: Wolters Kluwer (India) Pvt Ltd; 2015. Ch. 34, End‐of‐life Issues; p. 1352‐73. 4. Goyal K, Chauhan P, Chhikara K, Gupta P, Singh MP. Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India. Asian J Psychiatry 2020;49:e101989. 5. Khan S, Huremović D. Psychology of the Pandemic. Psychiatry of Pandemics. Switzerland: Springer; 2019. Ch. 3, p. 37‐44. 6. Bults M, Beaujean DJ, de Zwart O, Kok G, van Empelen P, van Steenbergen JE, et al. Perceived risk, anxiety, and behavioural responses of the general public during the early phase of the Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in the Netherlands: results of three consecutive online surveys. BMC Public Health 2011;11:2. renders one helpless, resulting in sense of being taken over and losing one’s sense of self-determination, which is represented by the fantasy of infantile “regression;” a person is left only with primitive instincts of fear and aggression, giving into mass panic and fear. [5] Once this phase of illness is contained, one tends to forget about these fears. [6]
The Second Antenna in the Taxonomy of Clavellinae (Copepoda, Lernaeopodidae)

Die Antennen von acht Clavella-Arten werden beschrieben. Sie bestehen aus einem eingliederigen Sympod und einem zweigliederigen Endopod. Das Exopod, am distalen Ende des Sympods liegend, ist meistens als eine oft bewaffnete, ziemlich grosse Schwellung erkennbar. Die Antennen von Brachiella bestehen aus einem eingliederigen Sympod und einem Exopod, welches ebenfalls eingliederig ist. Ein zweigliedriges Endopod ist reduziert und seitwarts geschoben. Andere Gattungen dieser Unterfamilie (sogar Angehorige der Clavella Gruppe) haben Antennen, die denen von Brachiella ahnlich sind. Die Mandibeln von Clavellopsis robusta und Clavellisa emarginata wurden mit denen von Brai biella merluccii verglichen. Die Mundglieder von C. robusta und B. merluccii sind fast identisch, aber verschieden von den Mandibeln der Clavella-Arten. Die Mandibeln von Clavellisa emarginata weichen von denen anderer Arten ab.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of residual symptoms in remitted patients with bipolar disorder: An exploratory study

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with residual symptoms (both depressive and manic) in subjects with bipolar disorder (BD). Materials and Methods: A total of 844 subjects diagnosed BD with an illness of 2 years' duration and minimum of two lifetime episodes and in clinical remission were evaluated for residual symptoms using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Based on the severity of residual symptoms, the study groups were divided into four groups. Results: Sixty-nine percent of the subjects had residual depressive symptoms (i.e., HAM-D score in the range of 1–7) and 59% had residual manic symptoms (i.e., YMRS score in the range of 1–7). The most common residual depressive symptom was psychic anxiety (34%) followed by impaired insight (29%). The most common manic symptom was poor insight (31%) followed by sleep disturbances (25%). Subjects with both sets of residual symptoms had onset of BD at a relatively young age, when compared to those with only residual depressive symptoms. Presence of any comorbid physical illness and substance abuse disorder was significantly higher in those with both sets of residual symptoms. Conclusions: The present study suggests that a substantial proportion of patients with BD have residual symptoms of both types. Comorbid physical illness and substance use were associated with residual symptoms. Identification and management of residual symptoms are highly essential to improve the overall outcome of patients with BD.