Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL COUNTRY RANKINGS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION

The main objective of this paper is to apply a simple linear regression analysis to answer the question of whether international country ranking can be reasonably considered as a new autonomous factor of the development of European transitional economies. Do they represent a recipe for faster economic progress? The statistical analysis, which coveres the period from 2009 to 2017, acknowledges the existence of a time lag between the research variables. „Ease of Doing Business Index“, „Global Competitiveness Index“, „Index of Economic Freedom“ and „Human Development Index“ were selected as explanatory variable, while foreign direct investment and gross domestic product were used as the indicators of dependent variable. Based on the results, it was concluded that, in the defined spatial and temporal context, the international country ranking lists of this type cannot be accepted as a reliable instrument for investment decisions or be confidently used as a basis for creating development policies and strategies for attracting foreign direct investment. This statement about the unreliability and questionable practical applicability of these measures from the point of view of investors and decision makers in the country, as their primary users, suggests that they can reasonably be related to the implication of Goodhart's law.
Bereavement and behavioral changes as risk factors for cognitive decline in adults with Down syndrome

Background: Cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease often affect older adults with Down syndrome (DS) much earlier than those in the general population. There is also growing evidence of the effects of negative life events on the mental health and behavior of individuals with intellectual disability. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study investigating objective cognitive decline following bereavement in aging individuals with DS. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether cognitive decline correlates with bereavement following the recent loss of a caregiver or with behavioral changes in a sample of adult individuals with DS who do not meet the criteria for dementia or depression, using the longitudinal assessment of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG), together with the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Methods: We evaluated 18 subjects at baseline and over a follow-up period of 14–22 months, attempting to determine whether cognitive decline correlates with bereavement following the recent loss of the main caregiver or with behavioral changes (as assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory). Results: The mean rate of change in CAMCOG was − 1.83 (standard deviation 4.51). Behavioral changes had a significant direct influence on cognitive decline. When bereavement was accom-panied by behavioral changes, the probability of cognitive decline was 87% (odds ratio 3.82). Conclusion: The occurrence of behavioral changes attributed to bereavement following the loss of the primary caregiver significantly increases the probability of cognitive decline in individuals with DS. Longitudinal comparison of the CAMCOG and use of the IQCODE appear to enrich the analysis of cognitive decline in individuals with DS. Further studies involving larger samples are needed in order to corroborate and expand upon our findings, which can have implications for the clinical management of older adults with DS.
TERT Promoter Mutations Di ﬀ erently Correlate with the Clinical Outcome of MAPK Inhibitor-Treated Melanoma Patients

: Resistance is a major challenge in the management of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor (MAPKi)-treated metastatic melanoma. Tumor genetic alterations can cause MAPK pathway reactivation, leading to lack of response and poor outcome. Characterization of the mutational proﬁle in patients with melanoma might be crucial for patient-tailored treatment choices. Mutations in the promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERTprom) lead to increased TERT expression and telomerase activity and are frequent in BRAF V600 mutant melanoma. Reportedly, TERTprom, and BRAF V600 mutations cooperate in driving cancer progression and aggressiveness. We evaluated the e ﬀ ect of the TERTprom status on the clinical outcome in 97 MAPKi-treated melanoma patients. We observed that patients with the c. -146C > T mutation showed a signiﬁcantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those carrying the c. -124C > T mutation and a two-fold increased risk of progression (median 5.4 vs. 9.5 months; hazard ratio (HR) 1.9; 95% conﬁdence interval (CI) 1.2–3.2; p = 0.013). This trend was also observed for the overall survival (OS); melanoma patients with the c. -146C > T mutation showed a poorer prognosis compared to those with the c. -124C > T mutation (median 13.3 vs. 25.5 months; HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.3, p = 0.023). Our results disclose a di ﬀ erent correlation of the two TERTprom mutations with MAPKi-treated melanoma patient outcome, highlighting a di ﬀ erent impact of the pathway blockade.
Integration of parasitoid, Encarsia formosa Gahan in greenhouse white�y management programme in tomato under protected environment

Encarsia formosa, an endoparasitoid of greenhouse white�y, Trialeurodes vaporariorum was incorporated in its management programme in tomato grown under protected environment. White�y management programme comprised mass trapping of greenhouse white�y adults by using yellow sticky traps, potassium (K) nutrition (125% RDF), inoculative release of E. formosa, preventive use of insecticides and natural products comprising soil application of imidacloprid (0.009%), foliar application of azadirachtin (0.0003%) and alternate application of Tamarlassi(10%) and cow urine (5%), and need based curative use of chemical insecticides. The integrated measures proved e�cacious in checking population build-up of T. vaporariorum. The evaluated treatments as preventive measures resulted in adult population to vary from 0.01 to 1.51 adults /leaf, being well below the economic threshold level of 5 adults/ leaf. Population was minimum in soil application of imidacloprid (0.009%) followed by foliar application azadirachtin (0.0003%) and alternate application of Tamarlassi (10%) and cow urine (5%). Fruit yield was signi�cantly higher in the treatment comprising alternate foliar application of Tamarlassi(10%) and cow urine (5%) followed by the yield obtained in soil application of imidacloprid (0.009%).
M5 Model Tree and Gene Expression Programming Based Modeling of Sandy Soil Water Movement under Surface Drip Irrigation - TI Journals

Abstract: Drip irrigation has a priority in selecting an appropriate irrigation method because of its potential of precisely applying water at the requested quantity and position through a field. A proper design and management of a drip irrigation system is dependent upon a better understanding of wetting patterns and water distribution in soil. This paper examines the potential of gene expression programming (GEP), which is a variant of genetic programming (GP), and M5 model tree in simulating wetting patterns of drip irrigation. First by considering 10 sandy soils of various sand percentages, soil wetting patterns for different emitter discharges and durations of irrigation have been simulated by using pore network modeling conjuncted by Richards’ equation (PNMCRE). Then using the calculated values of depth and radius of wetting pattern as target outputs, GEP and M5 model trees have been considered. Results showed that in estimation of radius and depth of wetting patterns, the M5 model tree had better agreement than GEP with results of PNMCRE model in terms of some statistical criteria. Also, laboratory experimental results in a sandy soil with emitter discharge of 4 L/h showed reasonable agreement with M5 model tree results. Finally it can be concluded on the basis of the results of this study that M5 model tree appears to be a promising technique for estimating wetting patterns of drip irrigation.
An Update of the OECD International Trade Equations

This paper provides a detailed description of recent research to re-estimate and re-specify the international trade volume and price equations that are used in the OECD Economics Department to analyse and project international trade developments. The set of countries covered by the estimations has been significantly enlarged, with estimates of the factors affecting export performance, import penetration and trade prices presented for 41 countries, including countries that have recently joined the OECD (Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia) and major emerging countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa). Reflecting the heterogeneity of countries included in the estimations, procedures for grouping them have been modified to allow for country specifics as much as possible. Structural breaks over the estimation period – which now typically covers the mid-1980s to 2012 and includes the global trade collapse of 2009 – are dealt with by the flexible modelling of deterministic trends, including the allowance for several rather than single trend reversals. Une mise a jour des equations de commerce international de l'OCDE Ce document fournit une description detaillee du travail de re-estimation et re-specification des equations de volume et de prix du commerce international qui sont utilisees dans le Departement des affaires economiques de l'OCDE pour analyser et prevoir l'evolution du commerce international. L'ensemble des pays couverts par les estimations a ete considerablement elargi : les estimations des facteurs affectant la performance a l'exportation, la penetration des importations et les prix du commerce sont presentees pour 41 pays, y compris les pays qui ont recemment adhere a l'OCDE (Chili, Estonie, Israel et Slovenie) et les grands pays emergents (Argentine, Bresil, Chine, Inde, Indonesie, Russie et Afrique du Sud). Afin de mieux refleter l'heterogeneite des pays inclus dans les estimations, les procedures de regroupement des pays ont ete modifiees pour prendre en compte les specificites des pays autant que possible. Les ruptures structurelles au cours de la periode d'estimation - qui maintenant couvre generalement le milieu des annees 1980 jusqu’a 2012 et desormais comprend l'effondrement du commerce mondial de 2009 - sont traitees par la modelisation flexible de tendances deterministes qui permet de multiples points d’inflexion plutot qu’un point unique d’inversion de tendance.
Relative Roles of Large-Scale Orography and Land Surface Processes in the Global Hydroclimate. Part II: Impacts on Hydroclimate over Eurasia

A series of simplistic simulations from an AGCM coupled to a simple land surface scheme and water vapor tracers was performed to explore the relative roles of basic factors in land surface conditions, with regard to the seasonal evolution of the hydroclimate over Eurasia. Large-scale orography in Asia and vegetation (further decomposed to soil and vegetation skin) were evaluated, with orography represented in the model by surface altitude, soil represented by water-holding capacity, and vegetation skin represented by surface albedo and roughness. The percentage of global annual precipitation over land (occupying 25.6% of the total surface) was 14.8%, 15.0%, and 21.7% for the mountainless “bare rock” (i.e., vegetationless) surface, and the bare-rock and vegetated surface, respectively. The result for evaporation was 8.9%, 9.0%, and 16.2%, respectively, showing higher sensitivity to the land surface changes than precipitation. The orography and vegetation (i.e., soil and vegetation skin) showed different impacts on Eurasian hydroclimate on the seasonal and regional scales. Thermodynamical forcings to the atmosphere increased over the continent with the inclusion of both. Large-scale orography in Asia exerted east–west contrast in the surface energy exchange in summer in eastern Eurasia. An increase in extratropical winter precipitation with mountains was also noticed because of the atmospheric vapor transport changes. Impact of soil and vegetation skin was clearly found in the warm season in the extratropics; soil impacts extratropical summer precipitation due to enhanced recycling of water and the resultant increased water supply.
Rule abstraction is facilitated by auditory cueing in 1 REM sleep 2 REM sleep and abstract reasoning

14 Sleep facilitates abstraction, but the exact mechanisms underpinning this are unknown. Here, 15 we aimed to determine whether triggering reactivation in sleep could facilitate this process. 16 We paired abstraction problems with sounds, then replayed these during either slow wave 17 sleep (SWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to trigger memory reactivation in 27 human 18 participants (19 female). This revealed performance improvements on abstraction problems 19 which were cued in REM, but not problems cued in SWS. Interestingly, the cue-related 20 improvement was not significant until a follow up retest one week after the manipulation, 21 suggesting that REM may initiate a sequence of plasticity events that requires more time to 22 be implemented. Furthermore, memory-linked trigger sounds evoked distinct neural 23 responses in REM, but not SWS. Overall, our findings suggest that targeted memory 24 reactivation in REM can facilitate visual rule abstraction, although this effect takes time to 25 unfold.
Interspeciﬁc variation in the defensive responses of ant mutualists to plant volatiles

In ant–plant mutualist systems, ants patrol their host plants and search for herbivores. Such patrolling can be inefficient, however, because herbivore activity is spatio-temporally unpredictable. It has been proposed that rapid and efficient systems of communication between ants and plants, such as volatile compounds released following herbivory, both elicit defensive responses and direct workers to sites of herbivore activity. We performed bioassays in which we challenged colonies of two Amazonian plant-ants, Azteca sp. and Pheidole minutula , with extracts of leaf tissue from (1) their respective host-plant species ( Tococa bullifera and Maieta guianensis , both Melastomata-ceae), (2) sympatric ant-plants from the Melastomataceae, and (3) two sympatric but non-myrmecophytic Melas-tomataceae. We found that ants of both species responded dramatically to host-plant extracts, and that these responses are greater than those to sympatric myrmecophytes. Azteca sp. also responded to non-myrmecophytes with an intensity similar to that of sympatric ant-plants. By contrast, the response of P. minutula to any non-myrmecophytic extracts was limited. These differences may be driven in part by interspeciﬁc differences in nesting behaviour; although P. minutula only nests in host plants, Azteca sp. will establish carton satellite nests on nearby plants. We hypothesize that Azteca sp. must therefore recognize and defend a wider array of species than P. minutula . © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 94 , 241–249.
The resolution sensitivity of the South Asian monsoon and Indo-Pacific in a global 0.35◦ AGCM

and the Maritime Continent results in more precipitation over the Maritime Continent islands at the expense of reduced precipitation further north. We also evaluate the resolution sensitivity of monsoon depressions and lows, which contribute more precipitation over northeast India at higher resolution. We conclude that while increasing resolution at these scales does not solve the many monsoon biases that exist in GCMs, it has a number of small, beneficial impacts.
Dividend Policy and Shareholder's Wealth Maximization of Listed Banks on the Nigerian Stock Market

he study investigates the effect of dividend policy on shareholders' T wealth maximization in Nigeria drawing samples from listed banks on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group market. Data set employed in this study spans through the periods between 2010 and 2021.The study measured Dividend policy in terms of dividend yield (DIVY), Dividend payout (DIVP), Dividend per share (DIPS), Dividend cover (DICO), and Dividend to Asset ratio (DIPA). While Shareholders' wealth maximization is measured using market value added (MVAA). In line with related extant literature, the study employed the variable of profitability (RETA) to control our model. The study adopted OLS pooled regression model and the study found that dividend yield, dividend payout and dividend to assets has significant effect on the wealth of shareholders of Nigerian listed banks whereas dividend per share and dividend cover has no significant effect on wealth of shareholders of Nigerian listed banks in the Nigerian stock exchange. In the light of this, the empirical result of this study leads to the conclusion that dividend yields significantly decrease shareholders' wealth while dividend to asset ratio significantly improves shareholders' wealth. Hence, the paper recommend that management should concert policies and efforts which will increase profits share to investors rather than redirecting those funds as retained earnings.
Perforative peritonitis: our experiences

: Aims and Objective: To study the Perforative peritonitis in relation to its aetiology, clinical presentation, site of perforation, surgical treatment required and post-operative complications and mortality. Methods: The prospective study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Ashwini Rural Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kumbhari, Solapur from October 2017 to June 2021. The study population included 100 patients who presented a surgical emergency of perforation peritonitis. Main Findings: Commonest age group 41 to 50 years, followed by age group 31 to 40 years, common symptoms in peritoneal perforation were abdominal pain, Fever and signs were Tenderness, Pneumoperitoneum, Abdominal distension, Dehydration, Shock. Most common aetiology of perforation Duodenal ulcer, Ileal, typhoid, Appendicular, Traumatic, Gastric ulcer, Tubercular ulcer, Crohn’s disease. Varieties of operative procedures were performed depending on the patient’s general condition, peritoneal contamination, site of perforation, gut viability, and surgeon’s decision. Commonest complications were wound infection, lung infection, reperforation, burst abdomen, pelvic abscess and DIC. Conclusion: Perforation peritonitis is commonest emergency encountered in surgical practice. Most of the patients present with generalized or localized abdominal pain. Most common signs were Tenderness, Pneumoperitoneum, Abdominal distension. Duodenal perforation is most common followed by ileal and typhoid. Common complications were wound infection followed by lung infection.
3D face construction from single 2D images using DEO model

— In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to 3D face data in many face image processing applications. Detailed 3D Face making is developing technology with multiple real-time applications. This work aims to create an exact 3D Face model with facial emotions designed based on the principle of the Face Vertex Land marking and Wulcheir distance. Convolution Neural Network (DCNN) is deployed to extract relevant facial features and those features are used for further analysis. The 3D Face models are constructed efficiently. The proposed model is a concoction of CoarseNet and FineNet through which a 3D coarse face from a bilinear face model with face landmark alignment is created. It is followed by the local corrective field which tends to refine the 3D rough face with consistent photometric constraint. This work follows the various aspects of 3D face modeling techniques: Deep Learning, Epiploic Geometry, and the One-shot learning (DEO) method. The proposed DEO Model has been evaluated using the FER2013 dataset of face images with six basic emotions via performance metrics like accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and time. The proposed model outperforms other existing methods with promising and state-of-art results. The accuracy obtained through the proposed work shows higher accuracy (more than 90%), which has been demonstrated using real-world models
The Southern Hemisphere Westerlies and the ocean carbon cycle: the influence of climate model wind biases and human induced changes.

The ocean is the largest sink of anthropogenic carbon from the atmosphere and therefore the magnitude of ocean carbon uptake largely determines the airborne fraction of emissions and the ultimate severity of surface climate change. However, climate-feedbacks on ocean carbon uptake over the historical period and in the future are uncertain. In particular, much uncertainty in the ocean carbon response hinges on the influence of wind-driven changes in the Southern Ocean, which is the most significant region of anthropogenic carbon uptake. Here I show that the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds simulated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and CMIP5 climate models have significant biases in their pre-industrial and satellite era-climatologies, relative
The E ﬀ ectiveness of Hippotherapy to Recover Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent disorder of the posture and movement, which can result in impairments of gross motor function, among others. Hippotherapy (HPT) is an emerging intervention to promote motor recovery in patients with neurological disorders, providing a smooth, precise, rhythmic, and repetitive pattern of movement to the patient. The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials was to analyze the e ﬀ ectiveness of HPT interventions on gross motor function in subjects with CP. The following databases were searched in May 2019: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. The methodological quality of the randomized controlled trials was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A total of 10 studies were analyzed in this review, involving 452 participants. Favorable e ﬀ ects were obtained on the gross motor function (Gross Motor Function Measure-66, standardized mean di ﬀ erence (SMD) = 0.81, 95% conﬁdence interval (CI) = 0.47–1.15, Gross Motor Function Measure-88 dimension A SMD = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.30–0.97, dimension B SMD = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.09–0.75, and dimension E SMD = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.06–0.73). The results obtained in the present review show the potential beneﬁt of HPT intervention in improving gross motor function in children with CP.
Zircon Behaviour and the Thermal Histories of Mountain Chains

Using the U-Pb geochronology of zircon we can understand the growth and collapse of mountain chains, both recent and ancient. In the high-temperature metamorphic rocks that underlie mountain ranges, zircon may survive from precursor rocks, recrystallize, or grow anew. All these possibilities must be considered in the interpretation of zircon ages. Microtextural characterisation and microanalysis, coupled with considerations of mineral equilibria and trace element distributions between zircon and neighbouring silicate minerals, provide insights into the factors controlling zircon modification and growth. Zircon ages do not usually correspond to the peak of metamorphism but instead provide information on the history of cooling from high temperatures, including the timing and rates of exhumation of the deep roots of mountain chains.