Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noncontact Knee Soft-Tissue Injury Prevention Considerations and Practical Applications for Netball Players

Netball is a team sport played worldwide. High-risk landing events containing biomechanical potential for noncontact knee soft-tissue injury (STI) occur frequently. Subsequently, noncontact knee STI is common after knee abduction collapse during landing tasks. Lower-limb mobility, strength, balance, movement, and hop test characteristics (intrinsic, modifiable risk factors) are associated with high-risk landing biomechanics and noncontact knee STI events. Such risk factors should be considered in netball-specific noncontact knee STI prevention preparticipation screening. Corresponding training methods should be included as indicated in netball-specific multimodal noncontact knee STI prevention programs. This article provides insight into noncontact knee injury–related aspects of netball and gives detailed suggestions for injury prevention screening and programming. INTRODUCTION N etball is a predominantly female team sport with hundreds of thousands of players worldwide (5). Netball was conceived in England in 1895, later becoming popular in other British Commonwealth countries (5). In England in 2015, there were 2,945 netball clubs and 104,000 players (45), which increased to 180,200 players by 2017 (45). In 2017, 508,948 players were participating in netball in Australia (125) and 144,358 players competing in New Zealand (126). In the United States, netball is relatively new, gaining popularity in the 1980s (7). Now, Netball America has members in 33 states (7). Community-level participation is expected to grow in America after netball’s introduction to school curriculums and community centers (7). With increased sport participation comes increased injury frequency (138). Given the growing popularity of community-level netball in the United States and worldwide, it is prudent for practitioners to become familiar with injury-related aspects of the game. Netball is a court-based invasion game played over 15-minute quarters (77). Netball is played indoors and outdoors, involving repeated acceleration, change of direction, and jumping/leaping to catch a ball when attempting to score a goal in opponents’ territory (72,167,184). A unique characteristic of netball is the footwork rule, restricting players to 1-step landings after catching the ball (4,71,110). Simply, after touching down with one foot, players can only take one more step with the other foot to decelerate the body—players can then pivot on the touchdown foot and pass the ball to teammates (77). The nature of the footwork rule and stopping suddenly with 1 step results in frequent single-leg landings (SLL) with vertical ground reaction forces (VGRFs) up to 5.7 times bodyweight (BW) (164). The VGRF is of interest because it contributes to compression/ shear/rotation forces experienced by lower-limb joints (86) and because landings frequently contribute to joint injury in Address correspondence to Elaine M. Mullally, elaine.mullally@stmarys.ac. uk.
Confirmed Occurrence of Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) from Mersin Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean)

In June 2018, a single female specimen of the Ocean sunfish, Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (122 cm in total length and 80 kg in weight) was caught by a commercial trammel net at a depth of 393 m in Mersin Bay (Bozyazi coast), Turkey. This paper presents the first substantiated occurrence and hence, the confirmation of M. mola in the Northeastern Mediterranean, Turkey. Morphological and meristic measurements of the specimen were made and recorded with the catalog number MEUFC-18-11-101 in the Museum of the Systematic in, Mersin University’s Faculty of Fisheries. Morphometric and mer-istic data matched other recordings of this species from parts of the Mediterranean, and the histor-ical captured record of the species in the Mediterranean was documented.
Effect of curing methods on quality and storage of onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Don.).

A field experiment on curing studies in onion was conducted at College Orchard of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2009. This experiment was laid out in factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with six treatments and three replications. The influences of different curing methods viz . , bulbs with tops removed (T 1 ), bulbs with 2cm neck length (T 2 ), bulbs with 4cm neck length (T 3 ), bulbs treated with sulphur fumigation (50g m -3 ) for three hours (T 4 ), bulbs treated with gamma rays @ 2kr (T 5 ), bulbs treated with gamma rays @4kr (T 6 ) in onion were studied. Among the above curing methods, bulbs with 2cm neck length (T 2 ) had improved quality parameters such as pyruvic acid (2.67μmol g -1 ), TSS content (13.77 o brix) and moisture content (93.95%). The same treatment recorded lowest physiological loss in weight (1.33 per cent), sprouting (0.09 per cent) and highest shelf life compared to other treatments.
Experimental and numerical analysis of dynamic failure of welded aluminium alloy plates under air blast loading

ABSTRACT The paper presents experiments and finite element simulations of welded aluminium-alloy 5083-H111 plates under near-field air-blast loadings to examine their dynamic plastic deformation and failure. The material degradation takes place in the heat-affected zone affecting the failure mode of aluminium plates. Five specimens are assessed, one bare plate and four butt-welded plates. The effect of the explosive charge-plate distance and the weld seam on the structural dynamic response is evaluated. The scenario could represent an air blast action on the superstructure of aluminium-alloy vessels. The experimentally obtained deformation and failure shapes of specimens show agreement with the simulations performed by the ABAQUS finite element solver. Moreover, the finite element analysis discusses the structural deformation and rupture process of the welded aluminium alloy plates under air-blast loading and their energy transmission and absorption. The present study reveals the impact behaviour of the welded aluminium plates in contrast to the steel plates.
Mulching and Irrigation Practices on Cocoa Seedling Survival and Field Establishment

Irrigation experiments of cocoa tend to concentrate on yield of matured cocoa trees compared to field establishment of young seedlings. Seedling survival leading to optimum population density are fundamental to obtaining maximum yield of crops. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of mulching and irrigation on survival of hybrid cocoa clone raised in three different growing media during the establishment phase. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arranged in a split-split plot design, with irrigation as the main plot factor, mulching as the subplot factor and growing media as the sub-sub plot factor with three replications. Cocoa pod husk (CPH) was used as the mulching material and each plant received 5kg at a rate of 5.6 t/ha. Irrigation was done daily by applying 4L of water except when it rains. Data was collected on soil moisture, plant height, leaf number, stem girth and plant survival. Results indicated that irrigation and mulching significantly (P<0.01) enhanced soil moisture. Cocoa seedlings raised in topsoil, mulched and irrigated significantly (P<0.05) increased survival rate (94.5%) compared to seedlings raised in soil without irrigation and no mulching (47.1%). Similarly, the survival rate of seedlings raised in growing media M2, mulched and irrigated (93.0%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than similar seedlings without irrigation (73.4%). However, the survival rate of seedlings raised in M3 without mulching but irrigated was significantly (<0.05) higher 92.1% compared to seedlings raised in M3 mulched and irrigated 67.1%. Irrigation is very important in ensuring high survival rate during early field establishment. Mulching with cocoa pod husk without irrigation did not improve cocoa seedling survival.
How does pasture size alter plant–herbivore interactions among grazing cattle?

Grasslands have a multifunctional role in producing forages for herbivore farming systems while also providing a wide array of ecosystem services. Intensification and landscape homogenization are the main drivers of biodiversity losses in agricultural areas (Lüscher et al., 2014; Potts et al., 2010). Extensive dairy, beef and sheep production systems are key for managing a number of semi-natural Received: 30 April 2020 | Revised: 19 September 2020 | Accepted: 28 September 2020 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12503
Analysis of Western Kenya Isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Casual Agent of Bean Anthracnose using Pathogenicty and BOX-AIR Analysis

Anthracnose disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is one of the major causes of yield losses. This pathogen is known to vary greatly in its pathogenicity challenging its control strategies which include, mainly development of resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenic and genetic diversity among the C. lindemuthianum isolates collected from Bungoma, Kitale, Kakamega, Nandi, Busia, Kisii, Siaya of Western Kenya. One hundred and twenty two C. lindemuthianum isolates were obtained from bean pods with anthracnose symptoms collected from farmers’ fields during the two surveys. Virulence on a standard set of 12 common bean differential varieties and BOX-AIR analysis was used to asses the variability of the isolates. High levels of pathotypic (74pathotypes) were identified among 122 isolates, revealing that C. lindemuthianum is a highly diverse pathogen. Races 0 was the most frequent race and occurred in most regions. The most virulent races were less frequent and occurred in a single region only. 14 races broke the resistance of the most resistant cultivar G2333 indicating their high virulence. BOX-AIR analyzes performed on 60 of the 122 isolates revealed great genetic diversity, clustering the isolates into 8 groups. The races that clustered together were not the same nor from same region of collection. Due to the high virulence and genetic variation exhibited by C. lindemuthianum, breeding for more resistance genes appears to be the best option for developing cultivars with durable anthracnose resistance in Western Kenya.
A Comparative Study of Initial Involvement in Gangs and Political Extremism

ABSTRACT There is a paucity of research comparing gang members and domestic extremists and extant studies find few explicit linkages. Despite this, there remains a great deal of interest in possible similarities between these criminal groups. Driving this interest is the possibility of adapting policies and practices aimed at preventing entry into criminal groups. A critical first step to determining compatibility is to examine the circumstances of the individuals who enter these organizations and better describe the entry processes. This study provides a unique comparison of entry into these groups by drawing on four broad empirically derived mechanisms of group entry using forty-five in-person interviews of U.S. gang members and thirty-eight life history narratives of individuals who radicalized in the United States. Our results reveal that each of the four conceptual categories appeared to influence initial involvement; however, no single mechanism described involvement in criminal groups or differentiated involvement across the gangs and extremist groups.
Present Status of Erwinia amylovora in the Republic of North Macedonia

This study aims to give an overview of the status of Erwinia amylovora, isolated from pear (Pyrus communis), wild pear (Pyrus pyraster), apple (Malus silvestris), and quince trees (Cydonia oblonga) from different localities in the Republic of North Macedonia, for the period 2015-2019. Classical biochemical analyses coupled to modern molecular diagnostic tools such as PCR and Real Time PCR were used for the determination of bacteria. Symptomatic fruit trees were noticed in almost all investigated localities in Republic of North Macedonia. The most expressed symptoms were recorded during the intensive growth of the shoots. Isolated strains elicited HR in tobacco, necrosis of pear seedlings, and immature pear fruits. Strains possess typical biochemical characteristics compared with the positive control, such as non-fluorescent, anaerobic (oxidase negative), levan production, and catalase enzymatic activity, doesn’t hydrolyze gelatine, aesculin, and starch, produce acid from sucrose, fructose, and galactose, etc. Amplification of the total bacterial DNA originating from apple, pear, wild pear, and quince trees using PCR followed by agarose electrophoresis, showed that PCR patterns for all investigated native strains are identical to the European reference strain (LMG 1883). TaqMan qPCR was used to quantify E. amylovora DNA from different host plants and locations, during the investigated period. The results indicate that the disease incidence is sporadic and crop damages are of medium economic significance. E. amylovora in the Republic of North Macedonia was identified as a causal agent of fire blight on pear, wild pear, apple, and quince trees in young and old fruit orchards.
Ground Deformation and Its Causes in Abbottabad City, Pakistan from Sentinel-1A Data and MT-InSAR

Land subsidence, as one of the engineering geological problems in the world, is generally caused by compression of unconsolidated strata due to natural or anthropogenic activities. We employed interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) as a multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (MT-InSAR) technique on ascending and descending Sentinel-1A the terrain observation with progressive scans SAR (TOPSAR) images acquired between January 2015 and December 2018 to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution and cause of subsidence in Abbottabad City of Pakistan. The line of sight (LOS) average deformation velocities along ascending and descending orbits were decomposed into vertical velocity fields and compared with geological data, ground water pumping schemes, and precipitation data. The decomposed and averaged vertical velocity results showed significant subsidence in most of the urban areas in the city. The most severe subsidence was observed close to old Karakorum highway, where the subsidence rate varied up to −6.5 cm/year. The subsidence bowl profiles along W–E and S–N transects showed a relationship with the locations of some water pumping stations. The monitored LOS time series histories along an ascending orbit showed a close correlation with the rainfall during the investigation period. Comparative analysis of this uneven prominent subsidence with geological and precipitation data reflected that the subsidence in the Abbottabad city was mainly related to anthropogenic activities, overexploitation of water, and consolidation of soil layer. The study represents the first ever evidence of land subsidence and its causes in the region that will support the local government as well as decision and policy makers for better planning to overcome problems of overflowing drains, sewage system, littered roads/streets, and sinking land in the city.
Integrating the circular economy into engineering programs in India: A study of students’ familiarity with the concept

Human production and consumption activities are depleting the earth’s resources faster than they are being replenished. The Global Footprint network estimates “Earth Overshoot Day 2020” (the day the use of natural resources during the year crosses the regeneration capacity for the year) to be 22 August. A shift from linear to circular economy (CE) practices offers an alternative approach that favors environmental conservation, integrating economic growth with environmental protection. While it is important to educate engineering students about sustainable models, environmental education is mandatory in India and a 6-month module introduces various concepts in all university programs. This article examines the extent of familiarity of Indian engineering students with the concept of a circular economy. A two-phase methodology was used, with 148 students of a National Institute of Technology participating in the study. In Phase 1, which focused on the students’ awareness of the CE, it was found that only a third were familiar with the concept. In Phase 2 the students, after having had the concept explained to them, identified possible barriers to incorporating it into the syllabus. The implications of integrating the concept with the syllabus are discussed.
Fluent and Low-latency Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation with Self-adaptive Training

Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation is widely useful but extremely challenging, since it needs to generate target-language speech concurrently with the source-language speech, with only a few seconds delay. In addition, it needs to continuously translate a stream of sentences, but all recent solutions merely focus on the single-sentence scenario. As a result, current approaches accumulate latencies progressively when the speaker talks faster, and introduce unnatural pauses when the speaker talks slower. To overcome these issues, we propose Self-Adaptive Translation (SAT) which flexibly adjusts the length of translations to accommodate different source speech rates. At similar levels of translation quality (as measured by BLEU), our method generates more fluent target speech (as measured by the naturalness metric MOS) with substantially lower latency than the baseline, in both Zh En directions.
Formulation of Multi-Functional Omega-3 Oil Rich Microcapsules by Spray Drying Methodology.

This work was proposed to prepare multi-functional omega-3 oil based microcapsules. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officianlis L.) extracts as potential active compounds were used to stabilize these omega-3 rich microcapsules against both oxidation and microbes. Solvents of different polarities as well as ultrasonic-assisted water extraction (UAE) technique were tested for preparing promising extracts. Results demonstrated that water extract showed the highest phenolic extract as well as highest radical scavenging activity (RSA %) even when compared with BHT as a reference synthetic antioxidant. However, the potency of ultrasonic-assisted water extract as a radical scavenger was greatly enhanced specifically at a temperature of 45C and 30 min extraction time. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, although giving highest total phenolics and RSA %, water extract had no antimicrobial activity against both Gram negative or Gram positive bacteria (at concentration range 0.25 –15 %) while methanol extract revealed inhibitory activity against all tested pathogens at concentration of 5 % or higher. Moreover, methanol extract didn’t affect the survivability of the beneficial bacteria of lactobacilli strains. Finally, according to the results the microcapsules prepared by spray drying method exhibited better protection of omega-3 rich oils and also the yogurt fortified with spray-dried fish oil capsules had higher score in sensory evaluation.
Comparative effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from actinomycetes and henna on biohydrogen production by Clostridium beijerinckii (KTCC1737)

The current study comparatively evaluated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on fermentative bio hydrogen (bio‐H2) production by Clostridium beijerinckii (KTCC1737). Green synthesized AgNPs were fabricated using henna (Lawsonia inermis) and DU‐C2 actinomycete in batch using different AgNPs concentrations (0, 40, 80, and 120 μg/mL). The overall results revealed that after 72 hours of AgNPs incubation with C beijerinckii, the henna mediated AgNP synthesis increased the hydrogen production rate with a hydrogen yield of 1.71 mol H2/mol glucose added. However, the DU‐C2‐mediated AgNps synthesis inhibited bio‐H2 production during the batch H2 fermentation. Performed live/dead staining showed AgNPs effect on the bacterial culture in batch fermentation. The results indicated that the henna mediated AgNPs enhanced the bacterial cell population, meanwhile, in case of DU‐C2 AgNPs, less bacterial population occurred. Thus, the present study provides a clear overview on the application of metallic NPs as H2 production catalysts to further improve bio‐H2 production.
State-of-charge estimation based on model-adaptive Kalman filters

This article presents a set of algorithms for the estimation of state of charge, specifically deployed for lithium-ion batteries. These algorithms are based on appropriate battery models. These models can be developed having different levels of accuracy, also including the possibility to correctly represent the hysteresis voltage behaviour of the selected lithium cells. In addition, different identification methods of the battery model parameters may also be considered, considering tabulated parameters, calibrated in previous tests, or online parametrization tools. State of charge is then evaluated using non-linear Kalman filter techniques. Effectiveness of identification methods, also with the performance offered by Kalman filter itself, has been accurately evaluated through experimental tests. To verify the robustness of the proposed algorithms, some disturbances were introduced and evaluation was also conducted at different state of charge initial conditions and sampling times.
Genomic studies on the impact of host/virus interaction in EBV infection using massively parallel high throughput sequencing

Epstein-Barr virus is one of the most common viral infections in humans and, once acquired, persists within its host throughout their life. EBV therefore represents an ex- tremely successful virus, having evolved complex strategies to evade the host’s innate and adaptive immune response during both initial and persistent stages of infection. While infection is mostly harmless in the majority of cases, EBV has the ability to be oncogenic in some individuals, and is associated with a wide range of malignancies as well as non-cancerous diseases. To generate new and useful insights into the evolution of EBV interactions with its host, a hybridization-based target enrichment methodology was optimised to enable whole genome sequencing of EBV directly from clinical samples. This allowed the gen- eration of whole genome sequences of EBV directly from blood for the first time. This methodology was subsequently applied to a number of distinct EBV sample col- lections and the resulting data used to investigate the intra- and inter-host variation in various clinical settings, such as infectious mononucleosis and immunosuppression with chronic EBV infection. Additionally, the number of available whole genomes from East Asia is expanded by eleven (unique) novel genomes from primary infection from a NPC- non-endemic area. These sequences were used for a comparative analysis between NPC- and non-NPC-derived EBV genomes and a number of sites were determined differenti- ating these two groups. Finally, comparative genomic analyses of world-wide EBV strain diversity were per- formed using genome sequences generated here in conjunction with a large number of publicly available EBV genome sequences. The comprehensive data sets generated, which included measures of diversity, selection, and linkage, were used to identify poten- tial targets of T cell immunity. In addition, the population structure of EBV was analysed to better understand the forces that have shaped the evolution of EBV.