Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Risk Quantification Index for 30-Day Postoperative Mortality and Morbidity in Noncardiac Surgical Patients

Background:Optimal risk adjustment is a requisite precondition for monitoring quality of care and interpreting public reports of hospital outcomes. Current risk-adjustment measures have been criticized for including baseline variables that are difficult to obtain and inadequately adjusting for high-risk patients. The authors sought to develop highly predictive risk-adjustment models for 30-day mortality and morbidity based only on a small number of preoperative baseline characteristics. They included the Current Procedural Terminology code corresponding to the patient's primary procedure (American Medical Association), American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, and age (for mortality) or hospitalization (inpatient vs. outpatient, for morbidity). Methods:Data from 635,265 noncardiac surgical patients participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program between 2005 and 2008 were analyzed. The authors developed a novel algorithm to aggregate sparsely represented Current Procedural Terminology codes into logical groups and estimated univariable Procedural Severity Scores—one for mortality and morbidity, respectively—for each aggregated group. These scores were then used as predictors in developing respective risk quantification models. Models were validated with c-statistics, and calibration was assessed using observed-to-expected ratios of event frequencies for clinically relevant strata of risk. Results:The risk quantification models demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy for 30-day postoperative mortality (c-statistic [95% CI] 0.915 [0.906–0.924]) and morbidity (0.867 [0.858–0.876]). Even in high-risk patients, observed rates calibrated well with estimated probabilities for mortality (observed-to-expected ratio: 0.93 [0.81–1.06]) and morbidity (0.99 [0.93–1.05]). Conclusion:The authors developed simple risk-adjustment models, each based on three easily obtained variables, that allow for objective quality-of-care monitoring among hospitals.
Aalborg Universitet Pressure pain mappings

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The Bias in Composite Performance Measures

Within the past decade, considerable progress has been made in measuring ex post portfolio performance. The two parameter risk-return dimension of investment performance as pioneered by Markowitz has been reduced to a single parameter which incorporates measures of both risk and return. Several different but related one-parameter measures of performance have been developed, notably by Sharpe [8], Treynor [11], and Jensen [3], and are commonly referred to as composite performance measures. Theoretically, the composite measures allow portfolios with different risks and returns to be compared directly.
Syddansk Universitet The fate of fixed nitrogen in marine sediments with low organic loading : an in situ study

Over the last decades, the impact of human activities on the global nitrogen (N) cycle has drastically increased. Consequently, benthic N cycling has mainly been studied in anthropogenically impacted estuaries and coasts, while in oligotrophic systems its understanding is still scarce. Here we report on benthic solute fluxes and on rates of denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) studied by in situ incubations with benthic chamber landers during two cruises to the Gulf of Bothnia (GOB), a cold, oligotrophic basin located in the northern part of the Baltic Sea. Rates of N burial were also inferred to investigate the fate of fixed N in these sediments. Most of the total dissolved fixed nitrogen (TDN) diffusing to the water column was composed of organic N. Average rates of dinitrogen (N2) production by denitrification and anammox (range: 53–360 μmol N m−2 day−1) were comparable to those from Arctic and subarctic sediments worldwide (range: 34–344 μmol N m−2 day−1). Anammox accounted for 18– 26 % of the total N2 production. Absence of free hydrogen sulfide and low concentrations of dissolved iron in sediment pore water suggested that denitrification and DNRA were driven by organic matter oxidation rather than chemolithotrophy. DNRA was as important as denitrification at a shallow, coastal station situated in the northern Bothnian Bay. At this pristine and fully oxygenated site, ammonium regeneration through DNRA contributed more than one-third to the TDN efflux and accounted, on average, for 45 % of total nitrate reduction. At the offshore stations, the proportion of DNRA in relation to denitrification was lower (0–16 % of total nitrate reduction). Median value and range of benthic DNRA rates from the GOB were comparable to those from the southern and central eutrophic Baltic Sea and other temperate estuaries and coasts in Europe. Therefore, our results contrast with the view that DNRA is negligible in cold and well-oxygenated sediments with low organic carbon loading. However, the mechanisms behind the variability in DNRA rates between our sites were not resolved. The GOB sediments were a major source (237 kt yr−1, which corresponds to 184 % of the external N load) of fixed N to the water column through recycling mechanisms. To our knowledge, our study is the first to document the simultaneous contribution of denitrification, DNRA, anammox, and TDN recycling combined with in situ measurements.
Targeted inactivation of the EGF and amphiregulin genes reveals distinct roles for EGF receptor ligands in mouse mammary gland development

our results provide genetic conﬁrmation of a requirement for EGFR signaling throughout the development of the mouse mammary gland, and reveal stage-dependent activities for different EGFR ligands. Finally, the additional loss of growth factors from pups nursed by triple null dams further worsened their survival and growth, establishing functions for both maternal- and neonatal-derived growth factors.
Analogue (plaster) modelling and synthetic seismic representation of hangingwall fault

The complex structuring associated with ramp-flat-ramp extensional master faults, as well as the strain pattern in the hanging-wall fault block of such faults, have been analysed with the help of analogue Plaster of Paris models. This analysis shows that the shallow-dipping master fault commonly develops several fault branches due to either asperity bifurcation or hanging-wall and footwall splaying, and that the deeper parts of steeper early generation faults are sometimes cut by younger faults. This generates a very complex fault pattern in the deeper part of the hanging-wall fault block. Based on the analogue models, the possibility of generating synthetic reflection seismograms by the use of simple modelling techniques (ray tracing and finite-difference models) has been investigated. It is concluded that the two methods produce significantly different results in terms of resolution and noise. The ray-tracing method resulted in a highly idealized image that can be viewed as the end product after an idealized processing sequence in that no noise, no multiples or other artefacts are incorporated. Furthermore, all reflections are in the correct position and are displayed with the correct amplitude in each case. Although the result can be used as a good reference for what can be obtained by simple seismic modelling, the weak aspect of this method is obviously the over-simplified and unrealistically ‘clean’ image presented. A more ‘realistic’ reflection seismic image is obtained in cases where the synthetic seismogram is generated by the finite-difference method. However, the structural features stand out with less clarity, and it is less likely that the interpreter of this section would be able to identify the two master fault planes or to distinguish the complex structural pattern in the deep part of the hanging-wall fault block.
Effect of socioeconomic status (SES) disparity on neural development in female African-American infants at age 1 month.

There is increasing interest in both the cumulative and long-term impact of early life adversity on brain structure and function, especially as the brain is both highly vulnerable and highly adaptive during childhood. Relationships between SES and neural development have been shown in children older than age 2 years. Less is known regarding the impact of SES on neural development in children before age 2. This paper examines the effect of SES, indexed by income-to-needs (ITN) and maternal education, on cortical gray, deep gray, and white matter volumes in term, healthy, appropriate for gestational age, African-American, female infants. At 5 weeks postnatal age, unsedated infants underwent MRI (3.0T Siemens Verio scanner, 32-channel head coil). Images were segmented based on a locally constructed template. Utilizing hierarchical linear regression, SES effects on MRI volumes were examined. In this cohort of healthy African-American female infants of varying SES, lower SES was associated with smaller cortical gray and deep gray matter volumes. These SES effects on neural outcome at such a young age build on similar studies of older children, suggesting that the biological embedding of adversity may occur very early in development.
the effect

This work performs numerical simulations of (cid:13)uidized beds under di(cid:11)erent conditions of pressure and temperature and using air and CO 2 as (cid:13)uidizing agents. The conditions of high temperature and pressure tested turn the CO 2 into supercritical conditions, so the di(cid:11)erences when the (cid:13)uidizing agent is at supercritical conditions are also tested. The results show that when pressure and temperature are increased, (cid:13)uidization with air or CO 2 shifts from the typical bubbling (cid:13)uidization characteristic of ambient conditions, to a more homogeneous (cid:13)uidization where not only bubbles and dense phase are present in the bed, but also a dilute phase of moderate solids concentration. The main consequence is an increase of the lateral motion of gas and solids at high pressure and temperature. A deviation from the classical Two-phase theory occurs because the gas velocity through the dense phase at high pressure and temperature is higher than the corresponding minimum (cid:13)uidization velocity.
Evaluating paleoproxies for peat decomposition and their relationship to peat geochemistry

The past decade has seen a rapid increase in interest in the biogeochemical record preserved in peat, particularly as it relates to carbon dynamics and environmental change. Importantly, recent studies show that carbon dynamics, that is, organic matter decomposition, can influence the record of atmospherically derived elements such as halogens and mercury. Most commonly, bulk density, light transmission, or carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios are used as a proxy to qualitatively infer the degree of decomposition in peat, but do these three proxies reflect the same patterns? Furthermore, how do each of these proxies relate to other geochemical data? To address these questions, we analyzed bulk density, light transmission, and C/N ratios, as well as multielement geochemistry (wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF)), in three hummock cores (70 cm in length, c. 500 years) from an ombrotrophic Swedish bog. To compare the proxies, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to identify how the proxies relate to and interact with the geochemical matrix. This was coupled with changepoint modeling to identify and compare statistically significant changes for each proxy. Our results show differences between the proxies within and between cores, indicating each responds to a different part of the decomposition process. This is supported by the PCA, where the three proxies fall on different principal components. Changepoint analysis also showed that the inferred number of changepoints and their depths vary for each proxy and core. This suggests that decomposition is not fully captured by any one of these commonly used proxies, and thus, more than one proxy should be included.
Terminal Care and the Value of Life Near its End

Medical care at the end of life, estimated to contribute up to a quarter of US health care spending, often encounters skepticism from payers and policy makers who question its high cost and often minimal health benefits. It seems generally agreed upon that medical resources are being wasted on excessive care for end-of-life treatments that often only prolong minimally an already frail life. However, though many observers have claimed that such spending is often irrational and wasteful, little explicit and systematic analysis exists on the incentives that determine end of life health care spending. There exists no positive theory that attempts to explain the high degree of end-of life spending and why differences across individuals, populations, or time occur in such spending. This paper attempts to provide the first rational and systematic analysis of the incentives behind end of life care. The main argument we make is that existing theoretical and empirical analysis of the value of life do not apply, and often under-values, the value of life near its end and terminal care. We argue that several factors drive up the value of life near its end including the low opportunity cost of medical spending near ones death, the value of hope including living into new innovations, and potential positive effect of on the value of life from being frail. We calibrate the ex-post value of hope associated with treatments for HIV patients to be as much as 4 times as high as standard per-capita estimates of treatment effects and as many as two and a half times as high as aggregate values across all cohorts.
Dry matter partitioning, grain filling and grain yield in wheat genotype

In an experiment with new hexaploid wheat lines existing lines and other tetraploids was conducted in the Rabi (post-rainy) 2001 and 2002 dry seasons. The data on yield and yield components shows that the tetraploids had more spikes plant-1 but fewer seeds spike-1 and a lower seed weight spike-1. The most important yield component the 1000-grain yield was shown by the hexaploids. The new hexaploid lines DL-1266-1 and DL-1266-2 had the maximum grain growth rate at 5 – 15 days after anthesis (DAA). Line DL-1266-2 had the highest grain growth rate 0.09 g g-1 day-1. Photosynthetic rate values showed that the hexaploids had a higher rate than the tetraploids. Generally, at 7 and 15 DAA, the photosynthetic rate was higher compared to 25 DAA and 35 DAA. It appears that in the high yielding hexaploids (DL-1266-1 & DL-1266-2) a better photosynthetic rate and better mobilization of photosynthates during grain filling contributes to their higher yield
Y-box binding protein 1 regulates liver lipid metabolism by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Background We mainly investigated how y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) regulates liver lipid metabolism through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway using multiple models. Methods The LO2 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) to create an NAFLD model in vitro. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays were used to detect the expression of YB-1, β-catenin, SREBP-1c, LXRa, FXR1 and PPARα protein, and RNAs of them was detected by qRT-PCR. Oil Red O assay was applied to observe lipid droplets in LO2 cells and liver tissues. H&E staining was performed to observe the degree of liver inflammation. Proteomics in LO2 cells were conducted by Tandem mass tag proteomics assay. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting assays were used to verify YB-1 complexed pGSK3β. ELISA and Western blotting assays were used to detect the concentrations of TNFα and IL-6 in LO2 cells and liver tissues, respectively. Results We found that YB-1 and β-catenin were highly expressed in the LO2 cell NAFLD model, and that the expression of TNFα and IL-6 also increased. Lipid synthases (SREBP-1c and LXRa) expression were decreased, while β-oxidation-related factors (FXR1 and PPARα) expression were increased. The expression of SREBP-1c and LXRa were increased while FXR1 and PPARα were decreased, though such responses were rescued through inhibiting β-catenin expression. Finally, tandem mass tag proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting demonstrated that YB-1 could form a protein complex with phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (pGSK3β) to regulate Wnt/β-catenin. In mouse NAFLD livers, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting validated the finding of YB-1 gene downregulation leading to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, ultimately inhibiting lipid synthesis and reducing the inflammatory response. Similar to the in vitro investigation, β-catenin overexpression reversed such YB-1 downregulation-induced downstream effects. Upregulation of the YB-1 gene promoted the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thus increasing lipid synthesis and the inflammatory response. However, downregulation of β-catenin reversed this phenomenon caused by upregulating YB-1. Conclusions In summary, these results demonstrate that YB-1 regulates liver lipid metabolism by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
A study of bio-risk assessment, control and evaluation (BRACE) for indoor environment

I LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ARISING FROM THE THESIS . IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . VII TABLE OF CONTENT . VIII LIST OF TABLES. XI LIST OF FIGURES . XIII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . XV LIST OF SYMBOLS . XVIII CHAPTER
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION, DIAGENESIS AND COMPACTION ON SEAL CAPACITY IN THE MUDERONG SHALE, CARNARVON BASIN

The Muderong Shale blankets most of the northern Carnarvon Basin and is the top seal to over 90% of all commercial discoveries. This study examines the influence that vertical effective stress, mineralogy and diagenesis have on regional variations of seal capacity. Throughout the basin, threshold pressures (determined from Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) analyses), range from less than 1,000 psi (equivalent to ~100 m gas column) up to 10,000 psi (~1,000 m gas column). Because the Muderong Shale varies in thickness (5 m to >900 m) and burial depth (~0.5–3.5 km), effective stresses and temperatures also vary. Effective stress and temperature significantly control pore geometry at different depths through compaction and diagenesis. The data from this study show that shale grain size has no direct influence over seal threshold pressure except that finer-grained Muderong Shale (36–45% particles 2.5 km) along the Northern Alpha Arch and Rankin Platform, total illite content is only moderate.
Interpretation of gravity anomalies to delineate some structural features of Biga and Gelibolu peninsulas, and their surroundings (north-west Turkey)

On the basis of gravity data, derived anomaly traces were presented for the interpretation of some shallow structural features of Biga and Gelibolu peninsulas. Since building general understanding of subtle details about subsurface geology is of great importance considering that the study area is tectonically important, some advanced data processing techniques were implemented to gravity anomalies in a detailed manner. The procedures were performed using a MATLAB-based software package (Gravity and Magnetic Interpretation – GMINTERP). First, a finite element method was utilised to produce the residual data-set which is expected to reflect short wavelength anomalies arising from shallower geological structures, and thereafter some derivative-based algorithms were executed to analyse the residual data. The general anomaly patterns obtained from the applications clearly corresponded to the well-known surface geology map of the study area. Derivative-based anomaly maps put forward some findings about the existence of an old caldera structure in the western part of the Biga Peninsula. Additionally, abrupt lateral changes in anomaly amplitudes indicated the presence of some major structural discontinuities. Thus, findings yielded to make significant geological interpretations that might be important for further investigations. This study also showed that GMINTERP software package proved useful in assisting geological interpretation using geophysical potential field data-sets.
Factors Affecting Tax Avoidance on Manufacturing Companies Listed on IDX Tiara Riza

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of corporate social responsibility, fiscal loss compensation, profitability, leverage, institutional ownership, and firm size on tax avoidance. The population of this research are 121 manufacturing company listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2011-2015. The technique used in sampling is purposive sampling, so that the final sample are 33 manufacturing companies or 165 unit analysis. Research data analysis using panel data regression analysis with Eviews 9.0. The results of this research show that partially corporate social responsibility fiscal loss compensation, and profitability have negative impact on tax avoidance, firm size has positive impact on tax avoidance, while leverage, and institutional ownership does not have impact on tax avoidance. Based on the research result can be conclude that the factors that can improve the practice of tax avoidance is firm size, where the large of firm size will also increasingly complex of firm’s transaction so that it may cause a variety of loopholes to minimize corporate tax expense. © 2017 Universitas Negeri Semarang  Correspondence Author: Gedung L2 Lantai 2 FE Unnes Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229 Email: tiarariza.fp@gmail.com ISSN 2252-6765 Tiara Riza Falistiani Putri, Trisni Suryarini / Accounting Analysis Journal 6 (3) (2017)
The Owino structure (NW Mid-Polish Trough) -- salt diapir or inversion-related compressional structure?

Interpretation of seismic data from the Pomeranian segment of the Mid-Polish Trough (MPT) shows that this part of the MPT evolved in Mesozoic times as a decoupled sedimentary basin. Regional-scale decoupling was caused by the thick Zechstein salt layer. Detailed tectonic and seismostratigraphic analysis of seismic data from the vicinity of the Owino IG 1 well allowed for significant reinterpretation of the Owino structure, which was previously interpreted as partly pierced salt diapir. This structure developed in Triassic to Jurassic times as a listric normal fault zone detached above the salt layer, resulting from activity of a master fault present within the pre-Zechstein basement. Two pulses of increased extension could be inferred for Owino fault zone: Late Triassic and Mid-Late Jurassic. The Owino fault zone was reactivated in the Late Cretaceous due to the compression responsible for inversion of the MPT. Inversion-related uplift of the axial part of the MPT created a morphological gradient and the increased pressure of uplifted overburden rocks directed towards its flanks that also contributed to reactivation of the Owino fault zone. This fault zone, together with the Drawno-Czlopa salt diapiric structure and graben system of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, have developed due to decoupled evolution of the Mid-Polish Trough.