Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exhumation of the Sierra de Cameros (Iberian Range, Spain): constraints from low-temperature thermochronology

Abstract We present new fission-track and (U–Th)/He data from apatite and zircon in order to reconstruct the exhumation of the Sierra de Cameros, in the northwestern part of Iberian Range, Spain. Zircon fission-track ages from samples from the depocentre of the basin were reset during the metamorphic peak at approximately 100 Ma. Detrital apatites from the uppermost sediments retain fission-track age information that is older than the sediment deposition age, indicating that these rocks have not exceeded 110 °C. Apatites from deeper in the stratigraphic sequence of the central part of the basin have fission-track ages of around 40 Ma, significantly younger than the stratigraphic age, recording the time of cooling after peak metamorphic conditions. Apatite (U–Th)/He ages in samples from these sediments are 31–40 Ma and record the last period of cooling during Alpine compression. The modelled thermal history derived from the uppermost sediments indicates that the thermal pulse associated with peak metamorphism was rapid, and that the region has cooled continuously to the present. The estimated palaeogeothermal gradient is around 86 °C km−1 and supports a tectonic model with a thick sedimentary fill (c. 8 km) and explains the origin of the low-grade metamorphism observed in the oldest sediments.
Distribution of major stratospheric warmings in relation to the quasi‐biennial oscillation

Data from 1953 to the present indicate that major warmings in the northern hemisphere winter have not occurred when the equatorial monthly mean zonal winds are deep westerly, i.e., westerly over more than about 5/8 of the 10–85 mb layer. Sixteen winters have had a major warming in the last 35 years. Six January–February periods had deep equatorial westerlies but did not experience a major warming. Major warmings do not require deep equatorial easterlies, nor is the occurrence of a major warming significantly correlated with the sign of the zonal mean wind at any particular level between 10 and 50 mb, although as noted by previous investigators, more than half of the observed major warmings have occurred when the equatorial flow is easterly at a given level between 10 and 50 mb. We suggest that a more relevant QBO statistic may be found in the depth of QBO wind regimes. The previously proposed connection between the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation and the major warmings of the northern hemisphere winter is supported by these observations.
Late Quaternary shelf-margin wedges and upper slope progradation in the Gulf of Cadiz margin (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Abstract The distribution patterns and internal geometries of recent shelf-margin wedges off the Guadiana River, Gulf of Cadiz margin, were studied in order to discern the effects of varying trends of falling sea-level and lowstand on upper slope progradation. A seismic-sequence stratigraphic analysis was conducted, based on the interpretation of a dense grid of high-resolution seismic profiles. Five major shelf-margin wedges deposited during late Quaternary sea-level fall and lowstand periods were documented. Most of the studied shelf-margin wedges produce upbuilt-outbuilt upper slopes. The analysis of their internal geometries reveals two distinct types of configuration: the four older shelf-margin wedges are mainly composed of forced regressive deposits developed during stepped sea-level falls. The scarceness of lowstand deposits suggests abrupt sea-level fall to rise transitions; and the most recent shelf-margin wedge shows both forced regressive deposits and low-stand deposits significantly preserved. This architecture probably resulted from the occurrence of a long-lived sea-level lowstand after a prolonged period of gentle sea-level fall. Two types of shelf-margin wedges have been recognized: wedges with elongate parallel depocentres, laterally constant thickness and uniform seaward shelf-break migration, related to linear source supply and high lateral sediment redistribution during gently falling sea level; and wedges with (multi) lobate depocentres with laterally variable thickness, leading to uneven shelf-break migration during periods of faster sea-level fall, due to delta lobe switching and significant shelf valley incision.
Midden formation and intrasite chemical patterning in Kalinga, Philippines

Middens are surprisingly fluid entities in occupied communities, as shown by ethnoarchaeological research in Dalupa, Kalinga Province, northern Luzon, the Philippines. This study combines ethnoarchaeological observations of midden formation and disturbance in Dalupa with data from soils and sediments in natural, habitation, and midden contexts, including elemental data for 80 samples collected using inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy. Most surface samples from habitation areas cluster with midden samples, although samples from the lower parts of theses profiles resemble samples from natural contexts around Dalupa. One explanation is a changing spatial distribution of active middens due to changes in house placement and occupation in Dalupa's history. Some habitation areas that chemically resemble middens may once have held middens, as suggested by the periodic changes in midden location from the cleaning and management of extramural space. Surface scatters of human and animal refuse throughout the habitation area may also contribute to this pattern. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study on the effects of convective transport on regional-scale Asian dust storms in 2002

[1] In this study, we examine the effects of convective transport in the framework of a regional-scale dust model. For this purpose a time-dependent convective transport scheme coupled with the Kain-Fritsch scheme of a host atmospheric model is used. Through comparison with independent studies it is shown that the scheme can adequately simulate upward convective dust transport and downward dust transport by subsidence in the environment. The scheme is applied to the simulation of Asian dust storms in 2002. It is shown that on regional scale, convective transport alters vertical dust distribution in two ways. In some areas, because of strong upward drafts, convective transport carries dust particles from the boundary layer to the middle and upper troposphere, while in other areas the net effect of convective transport is to move dust particles in the middle and upper troposphere downward leading to increased dust concentration in the lower troposphere.
Estado nutricional e composição corporal de pacientes hospitalizados: reflexos da transição nutricional -

Objectives: To investigate the effects of nutritional transition on the nutritional status and body composition of inpatients. Methods: We assessed 819 inpatients (435 men and 384women) regarding clinical, anthropometric and dietary aspects. The anthropometric variables studied were: current weight (CW), height (H), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold (TSF) and subscapular skinfold thickness (SST). From these measures were determined: the body mass index (BMI), the waist and hip ratio (WHR), the waist and height ratio (RCA), the arm muscle circumference (AMC), the arm muscle area (AMA) and arm fat area (AFA). For the diagnosis of central adiposity, we used the relationship between waist and hip circumferences. Results: The mean age was 53.7 ± 16.0 years, with hospital stay of 8 days, being higher among the elderly (p <0.01). Most patients (47.8%) were overweight or obese, 48.6% presented altered values of waist circumference and 76.4% had central adiposity. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 45.4% of total admissions, and 60.4% among the elderly. Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of obesity and central adiposity among inpatients regardless of gender, age, and the reason for admission, evidencing the effects of nutritional transition in the studied population.
Integration of Corona and Landsat Thematic Mapper data for bedrock geological studies in the high Arctic

The Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago near the continental edge in the Russian high Arctic is one of few land areas along the Eurasian Arctic margin. It is of particular interest for investigating the Arctic's tectonic history. This study focuses on the Palaeozoic bedrock of October Revolution Island. In the Russian high Arctic detailed topographic maps and aerial photography often are not available. The potential of low-cost satellite imagery as a substitute is shown in this study. High-resolution Corona KH-4A panchromatic satellite imagery and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) multispectral data have been integrated. In combination with field investigations in key areas, these data provide the basis for new interpretations of the geology. Corona images were digitized and georeferenced to provide a basis for conventional and digital geological mapping. Merging Corona and Landsat TM data resulted in a high-resolution multispectral image of enhanced interpretability. Lithological contacts have been traced, supported by a bedrock image extracted from the Landsat TM data. Stereoscopic coverage of the Corona KH-4A photographic sensor allowed a structural interpretation. All results were integrated into a geological interpretation of southern October Revolution Island which provides an encouraging platform for further work in the high Arctic.
Relief evolution of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Minas Gerais, Brazil) by means of ( 10 Be) cosmogenic nuclei

This paper investigates the evolution of the relief within the so-called Iron Quadrangle (Quadrilatero Ferrifero) in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by means of quantification of erosion processes, which affected the principal rock types of the region. The method used is based on measurement of in-situ produced cosmogenic 10Be concentration in fluvial sediments. The results indicate that the regional landscape evolution is controlled by lithotypes: the most resistant areas correspond to substrates developed on itabirites and quartzites (long-term erosion rates between 0.29 to 2.35 m/My) and, whereas the most fragile ones developed on schist-phyllites (long-term erosion rates between 7.95 to 11.82 m/My) and granite-gneisses (long-term erosion rate at 12.92 m/My).
Simple relationship between 26Al production rate and major elemental composition of meteorite samples

83 empirical equations, which calculated the 26Al content in meteorites at the time of the meteorite’s fall (P26), based on the relationship between 26Al content and the elemental composition of bulk or minerals in falls chondrites. However, the P26 of howardites and eucrites calculated in equations by Cressy and Hampel, are overestimated. Aylmer et al. (1988) presented the empirical 26Al production rate of eucrites. However, the P26 of howardites and eucrites calculated by Aylmer’s production rate tends to be higher than the actual 26Al contents. In this study, we propose a new empirical equation for the 26Al production rate based on the relationship between the bulk 26Al content and the content of major elements in various classes of 37 falls stony meteorites (one howardite, 10 eucrites, 13 diogenites, 8 chondrites, 3 ureilites, and one angrite). 18 of the 37 meteorites were measured in this study and data of another 19 meteorites were obtained from literature. The relationship between 26Al content and content of target element is obtained clearly by using various classes of meteorite with different elemental composition. Production rate of 26Al in meteorites is strongly affected by the shielding effect. The shielding condition is not constant, because shielding effect depends on depth and shape of meteoroid. We expected the shielding effect to be averaged out by measuring 26Al content from 37 meteorite samples. Simple relationship between 26Al production rate and major elemental composition of meteorite samples
The cardiovascular consequences of electronic cigarette smoking: a narrative review

ABSTRACT Introduction E-cigarettes have emerged as a popular alternative to traditional tobacco smoking in recent years. Despite their growing popularity, concerns have arisen regarding the cardiovascular implications of e-cigarette use. Areas covered This narrative review aims to highlight the latest evidence on the impact of e-cigarettes on cardiovascular health. Expert opinion Numerous studies have demonstrated that e-cigarette use can lead to acute adverse cardiovascular effects. Inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols exposes users to a wide range of potentially harmful substances that have been implicated in critical pathophysiologic pathways of cardiovascular disease, namely endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, sympathetic overdrive, and arterial stiffness. While long-term epidemiological studies specifically focusing on the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes are still relatively scarce, early evidence suggests a potential association between e-cigarette use and an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. However, it is essential to recognize that e-cigarettes are relatively new products, and the full extent of their long-term cardiovascular impact has not been fully elucidated. In the meantime, promoting tobacco cessation strategies that are evidence-based and regulated, along with rigorous monitoring of e-cigarette use patterns and associated health outcomes, are essential steps in safeguarding cardiovascular health in the face of this emerging public health challenge.
ELK3 Suppresses Angiogenesis by Inhibiting the Transcriptional Activity of ETS-1 on MT1-MMP

Ets transcription factors play important roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Knockout of the Ets gene family members in mice resulted in disrupted angiogenesis and malformed vascular systems. In this study, the role and mechanism of ELK3, an Ets factor, in angiogenesis was investigated using ELK3-specific siRNA in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in vivo implantation assay. The suppression of ELK3 expression resulted in the reinforcement of VEGF-induced tube formation in HUVECs. The in vivo Matrigel plug assay also showed that ELK3 knockdown resulted in increased angiogenesis. Luciferase activity of the MT1-MMP promoter induced by ETS-1 factor was attenuated ELK3 co-transfection. CHIP assay showed the binding of ELK3 on the MT1-MMP promoter. MT1-MMP knockdown in the ELK3 knockdowned cells resulted in the decrease of tube formation suggesting that MT1-MMP transcriptional repression is required for ELK3-mediated anti-angiogenesis effect. Our data also showed that the suppressive effect of ELK3 on the angiogenesis was partly due to the inhibitory effect of ELK3 to the ETS-1 transcriptional activity on the MT1-MMP promoter rather than direct suppression of ELK3 on the target gene, since the expression level of co-repressor Sin3A is low in endothelial cells. Our results suggest that ELK3 plays a negative role of VEGF-induced angiogenesis through indirectly inhibiting ETS-1 function.
Interaction of a copepod population with the mean circulation on Georges Bank

Presentation d'un modele de simulation developpe pour determiner si la repartition spatiale des copepodes observee sur le Banc Georges en fev. pouvait resulter de l'interaction entre la dynamique de la population de Pseudocalanus sp. avec la circulation de l'eau de mer et dans quelle mesure les deux sources de P. en dec. contribuaient a la population de fev.
Metamorfismo y deformación de la Formación Tobífera en la cordillera Riesco, región de Magallanes, Chile: evidencias para su evolución tectónica

Metamorphism and deformation of the Tobifera Formation in the Cordillera Riesco, Region of Magallanes, Chile: Evidences for its tectonic evolution. The Tobífera Formation (150 Ma) was in part deposited contemporaneously with the Sarmiento Ophiolitic Complex during the rifting stage of the Rocas Verdes Basin. Later, the Cretaceous Zapata, Punta Barrosa and Cerro Toro Formations were deposited conformably on top of the Tobìfera. In Cordillera Riesco, it is composed of siliceous tuffs, siliceous welded tuffs, quartzose black shales and siltstones. It is affected by a mylonitic deformation that developed different ductile reverse kinematic indicators, with a minor dextral component which suggest a reversedextral movement of the fault zone. The metamorphic mineralogy indicates that the greenschist facies conditions were reached for the matrix forming minerals, and prehnite-actinolite facies in mineral associations in retrograde cross-cutting veinlets. Geothermobarometric calculations indicate that this mylonite zone reached 6.3 ± 1.1 kb and 399 ± 64oC. These values suggest that these rocks reached a depth between 19 and 26 km, maybe during a reverse subduction episode in the area. Deformed clasts of Tobífera Formation in conglomerates of Cerro Toro Formation indicate the exhumation of the Tobífera Formation before or during the Late Cretaceous. The present configuration of the structures in Cordillera Riesco is possibly determined by westward rotations occurred in the Magallanes fold and thrust belt.
Refractory gold ores in Archaean greenstones,Western Australia: mineralogy, gold paragenesis, metallurgical characterization and classification

Abstract Mesothermal gold ores in the Archaean Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia are dominated by a pyrite ± arsenopyrite ± pyrrhotite sulphide assemblage. Many of these ores are refractory to varying degrees and require treatment by roasting, bacterial oxidation or finer milling. The most common sulphide ore types can be sub-divided broadly into pyritic (pyrite ± pyrrhotite) and arsenical types (pyrite + arsenopyrite ± pyrrhotite). Arsenical ores vary from highly refractory to free-milling. Arsenopyrite in highly refractory ores is finer grained, As-deficient (27−32.5 at.% As), contains high average concentrations of submicroscopic gold (60–270 ppm), but does not contain inclusions of particulate gold. Arsenopyrite in free-milling ores is coarser grained, less As-deficient to slightly As-rich (30−35 at.% As), contains low or negligible concentrations of submicroscopic gold, but contains inclusions and fracture fillings of particulate gold. In some refractory arsenical ores, pyrite also contains moderately high levels of submicroscopic gold (20−40 ppm), the concentration of which is directly related to As content of the pyrite. Pyritic ores are free-milling to mildly refractory, or rarely moderately refractory. Pyrite in pyritic ores contains negligible to low levels of submicroscopic gold (<5 ppm). Other reasons for refractory behaviour in pyritic ores include very fine-grained native gold inclusions in pyrite, or the presence of gold-bearing tellurides. It is concluded that submicroscopic gold is incorporated into the crystal lattices of arsenopyite and arsenical pyrite at sub-greenschist to lower greenschist-facies temperatures, and is progressively expelled as inclusions and fracture fillings of native gold in sulphides, and ultimately into the gangue, as recrystallization proceeds through upper greenschist- into amphibolite-facies temperatures, during deformation and burial. Submicroscopic gold is expelled more rapidly from pyrite than arsenopyrite. Pyrrhotite progressively replaces primary pyrite at higher temperatures, but rarely contains gold. Finally, a metallurgical classification scheme for refractory ores is presented which incorporates the above mineralogical conclusions.
The Zero Cubes Free and Cubes Unique Multidimensional Constraints

This paper studies two families of constraints for two-dimensional and multidimensional arrays. The first family requires that a multidimensional array will not contain a cube of zeros of some fixed size and the second constraint imposes that there will not be two identical cubes of a given size in the array. These constraints are natural extensions of their one-dimensional counterpart that have been rigorously studied recently. For both of these constraints we present conditions of the size of the cube for which the asymptotic rate of the set of valid arrays approaches 1 as well as conditions for the redundancy to be at most a single symbol. For the first family, we present an efficient encoding algorithm that uses a single symbol to encode arbitrary information into a valid array and for the second family we present a similar encoder for the two-dimensional case. The results in the paper are also extended to similar constraints where the subarray is not necessarily a cube, but a box of arbitrary dimensions and only its volume is bounded.
ULF geomagnetic pulsations in the southern polar cap: Simultaneous measurements near the cusp and the geomagnetic pole

[1] During November 2003, a 1-week test campaign of ULF geomagnetic field measurements was conducted at the new Italian/French base of Concordia (Dome C, Antarctic plateau), close to the geomagnetic pole, at a corrected geomagnetic latitude of ∼89°S. An analysis of these measurements is presented, together with a comparison with simultaneous measurements conducted at the Italian “Mario Zucchelli” base, at Terra Nova Bay, also located in the polar cap, but at lower latitude (∼80°S). The variable solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions made it possible to monitor the Pc 3–4 ULF pulsation activity under different magnetospheric conditions. For quiet conditions, the pulsation power does not show evidence for a diurnal modulation at Dome C, while at Terra Nova Bay it maximizes around local magnetic noon. This result can be interpreted in terms of the different latitude of the two stations which might be linked to different magnetospheric regions: Dome C deep in the polar cap, and Terra Nova Bay approaching the cusp around noon. Conversely, during a strong geomagnetic storm, the wave activity at the two stations becomes very similar, and major ground manifestations are driven by strong solar wind pressure pulses. The clear dependence of the pulsation frequency with the interplanetary magnetic field strength suggests that upstream waves can be the source of pulsations not only at Terra Nova Bay but also at Dome C, in the deep polar cap. We also find a clear relationship between the pulsation power and the solar wind speed which is more pronounced at Dome C, where cusp-related phenomena are not present.
A new high-resolution radiocarbon Bayesian age model of the Holocene and Late Pleistocene from core MD02-2494 and others, Effingham Inlet, British Columbia, Canada; with an application to the paleoseismic event chronology of the Cascadia Subduction Zone

Annually laminated sediments from the anoxic inner basin of Effingham Inlet, Pacific coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, yield a high-resolution 42 m paleoenvironmental record, from the present to about 14 ka 14C BP (17 ka cal BP). A new age model, based on 68 radiocarbon dates from twigs and small plant material, from the 40 m core MD02-2494 and 2 m freeze cores from the surface, is anchored by the Mazama Ash and varve counting. A Poisson-process sedimentation model is used, applying a new method to determine the Poisson k value, giving a realistic age model compatible with the multi-proxy core data. Twenty-one “seismites”, which are lithofacies in the Effingham cores that may be representative of seismically triggered mass-wasting events, are identified and dated precisely, then compared with the chronology of the deep-sea turbidite record farther south in the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ), to determine if regional sediment disturbances can be identified. With 16 proposed correlations,.