Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proximity labeling of Snx14 reveals a functional interaction with Δ -9 desaturase SCD1 to maintain ER homeostasis

: Fatty acids (FAs) are central cellular metabolites that contribute to lipid synthesis, and can be stored or harvested for metabolic energy. Dysregulation in FA processing 50 and storage causes toxic FA accumulation or altered membrane compositions and 51 contributes to metabolic and neurological disorders. Saturated lipids are particularly 52 detrimental to cells, but how lipid saturation levels are maintained remains poorly 53 understood. Here, we identify the cerebellar ataxia SCAR20-associated protein 54 Snx14, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-lipid droplet (LD) tethering protein, as a novel 55 factor required to maintain the lipid saturation balance of cellular membranes. We 56 show that Snx14-deficient cells and SCAR20 disease patient-derived cells are 57 hypersensitive to saturated FA (SFA)-mediated lipotoxic cell death that compromises 58 ER integrity. Using APEX2-based proximity labeling, we reveal the protein 59 composition of Snx14-associated ER-LD contacts and define a functional interaction 60 between Snx14 and Δ -9 FA desaturase SCD1. We show that SCD1 is upregulated in 61 SNX14 KO cells, and SNX14 KO -associated SFA hypersensitivity can be rescued by 62 ectopic SCD1 overexpression. The hydrophobic PXA domain of Snx14 and its 63 interaction with SCD1 are required for Snx14-mediated SFA protection function. 64 Lipidomic profiling reveals that SNX14 KO cells exhibit increased membrane 65 saturation, and mimics the lipid profile of SCD1-inhibited cells. Altogether these mechanistic insights reveal a functional interaction between Snx14 and SCD1 in the ER network to maintain FA homeostasis and membrane saturation, defects in which may underlie the neuropathology of SCAR20. we and and altered We reveal a functional interaction between Snx14 and desaturase Lipidomics shows Snx14-deficient cells contain elevated saturated lipids, closely mirroring cells. Furthermore, Snx14 and SCD1 interact in and SCD1 over-expression Snx14 loss. We propose that Snx14
Stakeholder Orientation and the Cost of Debt: Evidence from State-Level Adoption of Constituency Statutes

Abstract We examine the causal effect of stakeholder orientation on firms’ cost of debt. Our test exploits the staggered state-level adoption of constituency statutes, which allows directors to consider stakeholders’ interests when making business decisions. We find a significant drop in loan spreads for firms incorporated in states that adopted such statutes relative to firms incorporated elsewhere. We further show that constituency statutes reduce the cost of debt through the channels of mitigating conflicts of interest between residual and fixed claimants and between holders of liquid claims and holders of illiquid claims, limiting legal liability and lowering takeover threats.
Cavitation in gas−supersaturated solutions

Water equilibrated with gas at high pressures and contained in glass tubes (0.01−0.25−cm inside diameter) was able to sustain very high supersaturations without any occurrence of gas bubbles on decompression to atmospheric pressure. Interference from cavitation nuclear was minimized by their dissolution under pressure prior to saturation of the water. The maximum supersaturation tensions without cavitation, which represent the lowest possible limit of spontaneous bubble formation, were 140 atm for O2 and Ar, 190 atm for N2, and 300 atm for He. Massive cavitation occurred at 20−30 atm higher supersaturations. The onset of cavitation was slightly affected by large changes in the surface tension and in the solubilities of the gases in the liquids (by addition of ethanol) and was only significantly affected by temperature over a narrow range at about 1 °C. The bubbles arose primarily or exclusively at the water−glass interface. The data indicate that their formation was spontaneous rather than a result of pre.
COVID-19: Venue Selection Effects and Implications for Market Quality

We investigate the effects of the COVID-19-induced shock in financial markets on aggregate venue selection/market share and market quality. We find that the shock is linked with an economically significant loss of market share by dark pools to lit exchanges. In line with theory, the loss appears driven by an increase in lit market volatility and a search for immediacy by traders active in stocks with dark trading access. The market quality implications of the reduction in dark trading are mixed: while it tempers COVID-19-linked liquidity decline in the lit market, it exacerbates the loss of informational efficiency.
The Information in Industry-Neutral Self-Financed Trades

We identify Industry-Neutral Self-Financed Informed Trading (INSFIT) by long only fund managers who possess a positive short-lived private signal and self finance informed stock purchases by selling an equivalent dollar amount of stock in the same industry. INSFIT, which constitutes less than 1% of trading, produces a cumulative abnormal return spread of nearly 0.90% over the subsequent ten days. INSFIT also precedes the release of positive public information. The prevalence of relative valuation as well as the need to maintain industry allocations and hedge industry exposure motivate INSFIT’s industry neutrality. Furthermore, INSFIT occurs more frequently among cash-constrained managers but is uncorrelated across fund managers. Although INSFIT involves relatively large dollar-denominated trades, transaction costs cannot account for its profitability.
Hydrolysis of uranium mononitride

An experimental study has been made of the hydrolysis of UN in water vapour+argon mixtures of controlled composition. The kinetics of reaction are followed gravimetrically and by estimation of the ammonia liberated. For powdered UN the reaction proceeds rapidly above ∼340°C. Some specimens hydrolyze completely to UO2, ammonia and hydrogen (UN+2H2O →UO2+NH3+½H2), whereas others yield a solid product containing significant amounts of αU2N3+x and dissolved nitrogen. The difference is ascribed to particle texture: when the release of ammonia is inhibited it reacts further with UN to form αU2N3. The overall activation energy of hydrolysis is 21 kcal/mole. Experiments with single crystals of UN, hydrolyzed at higher temperatures, show that an expitaxially oriented sandwich structure of αU2N3 and UO2 is formed on the surface of the crystal, exactly as during oxidation.1 This surface film protects UN from hydrolysis at low temperatures. Some experiments on the hydrolysis of UC single crystals are also described.
Modification of Fagus sylvatica (L.) with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU): Part 1. Estimation of heat adsorption by the isosteric method (Hailwood-Horrobin model) and by solution calorimetry

Abstract The differential heat of adsorption (ΔH s ) of Fagus sylvatica wood modified with 0.8 M, 1.3 M, and 2.3 M solution of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) was determined at different equilibrium moisture contents (EMCs) by both the isosteric method, using the Hailwood-Horrobin model at 20, 30, and 40°C and by solution calorimetry. Both methods revealed that at 1% EMC, the 2.3-M modified wood releases approximately double the amount of energy as does unmodified wood. At EMC below approximately 5%, DMDHEU-modified wood appears to be more hygroscopic than unmodified wood, indicating that more OH groups are available for adsorption. The bulking effect of the cell wall and the increase of OH groups caused by the modification with DMDHEU are probably the reason for this observation. As expected, higher EMC led to a reduction of ΔH s .
Pollutant Removal and Peak Flow Mitigation by a Bioretention Cell in Urban Charlotte, N.C.

Bioretention is a stormwater treatment practice that has gained popularity due to its aesthetics, potential to reduce flooding, and early documented improvements to stormwater quality. A bioretention cell in an urban setting was examined in Charlotte, N.C. from 2004 to 2006. Flow-weighted, composite water quality samples were collected for 23 events and analyzed for TKN, N H4 -N , N O2-3 -N , TP, TSS, BOD-5, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Pb. Grab samples were collected from 19 storms for fecal coliform and 14 events for Escherichia coli (E. coli). There were significant reductions (p<0.05) in the concentrations of TN, TKN, N H4 -N , BOD-5, fecal coliform, E. Coli, TSS, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Iron concentrations significantly increased (p<0.05) . N O2-3 -N concentrations were essentially unchanged. Efficiency ratios for TN, TKN, N H4 -N , TP, and TSS were 0.32, 0.44, 0.73, 0.31, and 0.60, respectively. Fecal coliform and E. coli efficiency ratios were 0.69 and 0.71, respectively. Efficiency ratios for Zn, Cu, and Pb were 0.77,.
SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS

This is a completely updated edition of the internationally successful, user-friendly guide that takes students and researchers through the often daunting process of analysing research data with the widely used SPSS software package. Fully revised and updated for IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21, this text guides you through the entire research process & helps you choose the right data analysis technique for your project. From the formulation of research questions, to the design of the study and analysis of data, to reporting the results, it discusses basic and advanced statistical techniques. It outlines each technique clearly, with step-by-step procedures for performing the analysis, a detailed guide to interpreting data output and an example of how to present the results in a report. -- Publisher description
Effect of scavenging on predation in a food web

Abstract Scavenging can have important consequences for food web dynamics, for example, it may support additional consumer species and affect predation on live prey. Still, few food web models include scavenging. We develop a dynamic model that includes two facultative scavenger species, which we refer to as the predator or scavenger species according to their natural scavenging propensity, as well as live prey, and a carrion pool to show ramifications of scavenging for predation in simple food webs. Our modeling suggests that the presence of scavengers can both increase and decrease predator kill rates and overall predation in model food webs and the impact varies (in magnitude and direction) with context. In particular, we explore the impact of the amount of dynamics (exploitative competition) allowed in the predator, scavenger, and prey populations as well as the direction and magnitude of interference competition between predators and scavengers. One fundamental prediction is that scavengers most likely increase predator kill rates, especially if there are exploitative feedback effects on the prey or carrion resources like is normally observed in natural systems. Scavengers only have minimal effects on predator kill rate when predator, scavenger, and prey abundances are kept constant by management. In such controlled systems, interference competition can greatly affect the interactions in contrast to more natural systems, with an increase in interference competition leading to a decrease in predator kill rate. Our study adds to studies that show that the presence of predators affects scavenger behavior, vital rates, and food web structure, by showing that scavengers impact predator kill rates through multiple mechanisms, and therefore indicating that scavenging and predation patterns are tightly intertwined. We provide a road map to the different theoretical outcomes and their support from different empirical studies on vertebrate guilds to provide guidance in wildlife management.
Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics Are Traditional and Shadow Banks Symbiotic?

This paper shows that traditional and shadow banks interacted in similar ways in the 2007 and 2020 financial crises, when both assets and liabilities flew from shadow to traditional banks. We explain this finding by modeling the symbiotic relationship between traditional and shadow banks. Traditional banks are subject to costly regulation in exchange for deposit insurance, while shadow banks avoid regulation but cannot rely on deposit insurance. During crises, shadow banks repay their creditors by selling assets at fire sale prices which are purchased by traditional banks using deposit insurance. Regulations for traditional banks have (unintended) effects on shadow banks.
Isolation and characterization of incensole from Boswellia dalzielii stem bark

Boswellia dalzielii is the West African species of the frankincense genus. It is used in ethnomedicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatism and various diseases of microbial origin. The dried pulverized bark material was extracted with 50% ethanol by percolation. Column chromatography, gel filtration and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the ethyl acetate fraction yielded incensole, a cembrane diterpenoid. Its structure was established by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including 2-D NMR experiments (reported here for the first time), and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). Tests for antimicrobial and antioxidant (free-radical scavenging) activities revealed that while the extracts and fractions demonstrated strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, incensole was only moderately active. Key Words: Boswellia dalzielii ; Incensole; Diterpenoid; Antimicrobial activity; Antioxidant activity; Journal of Pharmacy and Bioresources Vol.1(1) 2004: 7-11
Phenol Removal from Aqueous System by Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfoxide Extraction

Solvent extraction is generally considered as one of the important and effective techniques to remove toxic phenol from wastewater. This paper explores the solvent extraction of phenol from wastewater using bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfoxide (BESO) as extractant. Various parameters such as equilibrium time, the volume percentage of BESO, pH value, and ionic strength of the aqueous solution on the phenol extraction were investigated. The results indicated that BESO exhibited excellent performance of phenol extraction. The extraction percentage increased from 97.26% to 99.47%, varying the BESO concentration from 10% (v/v) to 30% (v/v). The extraction percentage decreased with increasing temperature in the range of 298-343 K. FTIR spectra of fresh and phenol loaded BESO organic phase indicated the existence of the hydrogen bonding interactions between S=O groups and phenol molecules. The relationship between log D and log [BESO] suggested the stoichiometry of the extracted species was a 1:1 complex, namely, [PhOH]·[BESO]. Phenol stripping from the loaded organic phase by sodium hydroxide was feasible, and more than 99% of phenol could be stripped when the NaOH concentration was 0.5 mol L−1. The results obtained established that BESO/kerosene extraction system has potential for practical application in the phenol removal and recovery.
Molecular weight-based fractionation of poly-l- and poly-d,l-lactic acid polymers via a simple inclusion compound based process

Urea inclusion compound (UIC) formation was used to fractionate carbohydrate polymers, poly-l- and poly-dl-lactic acid, by molecular weight. The UIC fractionation process employed was rapid, simple, scalable, and may have potential for use in preparative- and large-scale purification of polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements reflect the formation of UICs for both polymer types. Under the conditions employed, the resultant UIC-rich solid phase contained polylactic acids of molecular weight distribution similar to the process feed sample, whereas the solvent-rich phase contained polymer of significantly lower molecular weight. The difference in molecular weight increased with the average molecular weight of the polymer and the degree of incorporation of polymer in the solid phase, and was greater for poly-d,l- than poly-l-lactic acid. The distribution of urea between the solid and the solvent-rich phases was independent of the molecular weight of the polymer or stereochemistry for a given polymer–urea–solvent ratio in the mixture.
Time Course of Creativity in Dance

Time-motion studies revolutionized the design and efficiency of repetitive work last century. Would time-idea studies revolutionize the rules of intellectual/creative work this century? Collaborating with seven professional dancers, we set out to discover if there were any significant temporal patterns to be found in a timeline coded to show when dancers come up with ideas and when they modify or reject them. On each of 3 days, the dancers were given a choreographic problem (or task) to help them generate a novel, high quality contemporary dance phrase. They were videoed as they worked on this task for sessions of 15, 30, and 45 min. At the end of each 15 min interval during each session, we had them perform the phrase they were creating. They recorded and then coded the video of themselves dancing during these sessions by using a coding language we developed with them to identify when ideas are introduced, modified, and rejected. We found that most ideas are created early and that though these early ideas are aggressively pruned early on, many still make it into the final product. The two competing accounts of creativity in design research make predictions for the temporal structure of creativity. Our results support neither account, rather showing a more blended version of the two. The iterative design view, arguably the dominant view, is that good ideas are the product of generating many ideas, choosing one fairly early, committing to it, and iteratively improving it. The “fail fast fail often” view is that good ideas are the product of rapidly generating and discarding ideas and holding back from early commitment to any one in particular. The result of holding back commitment, typically, is not that an idea is taken up later and then incrementally improved at the last minute, as much as that later designs are not completely novel, instead incorporating the best parts of the entire sequence of ideas. In our study, we found no evidence that one account or the other was more predictive for the domain of contemporary dance. The behavior of the dancers that we studied revealed elements of both, calling into question how predictive these theories are.
Evaluation of MALDI–TOF Mass Spectrometry in Diagnostic and Environmental Surveillance of Legionella Species: A Comparison With Culture and Mip-Gene Sequencing Technique

Legionella spp. are widespread bacteria in aquatic environments with a growing impact on human health. Between the 61 species, Legionella pneumophila is the most prevalent in human diseases; on the contrary, Legionella non-pneumophila species are less detected in clinical diagnosis or during environmental surveillance due to their slow growth in culture and the absence of specific and rapid diagnostic/analytical tools. Reliable and rapid isolate identification is essential to estimate the source of infection, to undertake containment measures, and to determine clinical treatment. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS), since its introduction into the routine diagnostics of laboratories, represents a widely accepted method for the identification of different bacteria species, described in a few studies on the Legionella clinical and environmental surveillance. The focus of this study was the improvement of MALDI–TOF MS on Legionella non-pneumophila species collected during Legionella nosocomial and community surveillance. Comparative analysis with cultural and mip-gene sequencing results was performed. Moreover, a phylogenetic analysis was carried out to estimate the correlations amongst isolates. MALDI–TOF MS achieved correct species-level identification for 45.0% of the isolates belonging to the Legionella anisa, Legionella rubrilucens, Legionella feeleii, and Legionella jordanis species, displaying a high concordance with the mip-gene sequencing results. In contrast, less reliable identification was found for the remaining 55.0% of the isolates, corresponding to the samples belonging to species not yet included in the database. The phylogenetic analysis showed relevant differences inside the species, regruped in three main clades; among the Legionella anisa clade, a subclade with a divergence of 3.3% from the main clade was observed. Moreover, one isolate, identified as Legionella quinlivanii, displayed a divergence of 3.8% from the corresponding reference strain. However, these findings require supplementary investigation. The results encourage the implementation of MALDI–TOF MS in routine diagnostics and environmental Legionella surveillance, as it displays a reliable and faster identification at the species level, as well as the potential to identify species that are not yet included in the database. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis is a relevant approach to correlate the isolates and to track their spread, especially in unconventional reservoirs, where Legionella prevention is still underestimated.
Title: Transient Pupil Constriction Reflects and Affects Facial Attractiveness

: Contradictory to the long-held belief of a close linkage between pupil dilation and attractiveness, we found an early and transient pupil constriction response when participants viewed an attractive face (and the effect of luminance/contrast is controlled). While participants were making an attractiveness judgment on faces, their pupil constricted more for the more attractive (as-to-be-rated) faces. Further experiments showed that the effect of pupil constriction to attractiveness judgment extended to intrinsically aesthetic visual objects such as natural scene images (as well as faces) but not to line-drawing geometric figures. When participants were asked to judge the roundness of faces, pupil constriction still correlated with their attractiveness but not the roundness rating score, indicating the automaticity of the pupil constriction to attractiveness. When pupillary responses were manipulated implicitly by relative background luminance changes (from the pre-stimulus screen), the facial attractiveness ratings were in accordance with the amount of pupil constriction, which cannot be explained solely by perceptual brightness induced by simultaneous or sequential luminance contrast. The overall results suggest that pupil constriction not only reflects but, as a part of self-monitoring and attribution mechanisms, also affects facial attractiveness implicitly. as ANOVA with pre-stimulus luminance (i.e., the fixation display) and target background luminance as within-subject factors. Results showed that both the main effects [ F (1,10) = 278.43, p < . 001 for pre-stimulus luminance and F (1,10) = 153.51, p < . 001 for target background luminance] and the two-way interaction [ F (1,10) = 55.26, p < . 001] were all significant.