Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of agricultural educational training in formal education centres : in the case of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

This study investigated student and teacher attitudes, factors affecting those attitudes and perceptions of students towards different aspects of agricultural education programme processes offered in secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It can be used by policy-makers and can also assist the various South African Departments of Education (DoE) and schools to improve classroom administration, curriculum delivery and the provision of teaching facilities and other required support. The sample population comprised 375 high school agricultural science students and 180 agricultural science teachers. The research was arranged in nested Concurrent Mixed Sampling Designs. A multi-stage, random, purposeful sampling procedure was implemented to select the sample population. The survey was conducted by using a pretested structured interview schedule. The survey used structured and unstructured questions appropriate to the study objective. The supplementary qualitative information was collected from both categories of respondents, using an open-ended questionnaire, observation and interviews. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentage, mean, chi-square and the Tobit Model. The qualitative data was analysed using a spiral content analysis. With a 97% response rate, the result showed that there was sufficient agricultural lesson coverage in the teaching and learning process, but that there was often no compensation for missed lessons. Other problems include a shortage of teaching materials, trained agricultural science teachers and support for teaching programs. In aggregate, 76.5% of the students and 88% of the teachers have a highly positive attitude towards Agricultural Education and Training (AET). There was, however, a significant difference between the attitude of students in Dedicated, Rural and Urban Schools towards various aspects of AET. Racial background (African, White and Colored), large family size, discussion about agriculture with other people and family access to farming land, positively and significantly affect students’ attitudes towards AET. African students seemed to have the highest positive attitude towards AET, when compared to the White and Coloured students. Coloured students had the least positive attitude towards AET. Generally, the attitude of students positively increased with an increase in their family size. The absence
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STRUKTUR MODAL PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2010-2014

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor yang mempengaruhi struktur modal perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa efek Indonesia periode 2010-2014. Jenis penelitian assosiatif. Variabel-variabel independen yang diuji struktur aktiva, resiko bisnis dan pertumbuhan aktiva terhadap struktur modal. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 32 perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2010-2014. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya variabel pertumbuhan aktiva yang berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal dengan nilai signifikansi 0,005
Plague and Long‐Term Development: The Lasting Effects of the 1629–30 Epidemic on the Italian Cities

The paper aims to analyze the effects of plague on the long-term development of Italian cities, with particular attention to the 1629-30 epidemic. By using a new dataset on plague mortality rates in 49 cities covering the period 1575-1700 ca. , an economic geography model verifying the existence of multiple equilibria is estimated. It is found that cities affected only by the 1629-30 plague recovered in the short run, whereas cities affected by both the 1575-77 and 1629-30 epidemic show persistent decline in the long run. This new finding contrasts with previous literature and is hence interpreted in the light of the new concept of “urban frailty”. Keywords: Plague, Italian cities, Urban development, Urban demography, Multiple equilibria, Early modern period, Mortality crises.
Title: "Analysis of regional differences in the expression frequency of salt-sensitive genes in Japan"

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the regional differences of allele frequency of salt-sensitive genes in Japan. METHODS: This was an observational study, in which a total of 20,981 Japanese men and women aged ≥ 20 years were enrolled from 78 rural and suburban areas of 30 prefectures in Japan between 2004 and 2008. Based on their place of residence, the enrolled subjects were divided into 4 groups, namely Northern Japan (Hokkaido and Tohoku regions), Eastern Japan (KantoKoshinetsu region), Western Japan (Chubu, Kinki, Chugoku, and Shikoku regions), and Southern Japan (Kyushu). Allele appearance frequency of salt-sensitive genes which wereα-Adducin 1 (ADD1) , Angiotensin II , Angiotensin II receptor of type 1, Guanine nucleotide binding protein, β polypeptide 3 (GNB3) were compared among the 4 groups. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in the genotype frequency of ADD1 and GNB3. CONCLUSIONS: In Japan, among the evaluated salt-sensitive genes, ADD1 and GNB3 have significant regional differences in frequency.
Spectral Features Selection and Classification for Bimodal Optical Spectroscopy Applied to Bladder Cancer in vivo Diagnosis

This paper describes an experimental study combining spatially resolved AutoFluorescence (AF) and Diffuse Reflectance (DR) fibred spectroscopies to discriminate in vivo between healthy and pathological tissues in a preclinical model of bladder cancer. Then, a detailed step-by-step analysis scheme is presented for the extraction and the selection of discriminative spectral features (correlation, Linear Discriminant and Logistic Regression Analysis), and for the spectroscopic data final classification algorithms (Regularized Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machines). Significant differences between healthy, inflammatory and tumoral tissues were obtained by selecting a reasonable number of discriminant spectral features from AF, DR and Intrinsic Fluorescence spectra, leading to improved sensitivity (87%) and specificity (77%) compared to monomodality (AF or DR alone).
NUMBERS OF BREEDING LITTLE EAGLES HIERAAETUS MORPHNOIDES IN THE AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY IN 2007

In 2007 we surveyed 11 Little Eagle territories in and near the Australian Capital Territory that were occupied in 1990-92. In addition we solicited reports from Canberra Ornithologists Group (COG) members and ACT Parks, Conservation and Lands personnel in an effort to find all Little Eagle nesting attempts in the ACT in 2007. Of the 11 active 1990-92 territories, all were abandoned by breeding pairs in 2007. In the new survey, aimed at finding all ACT nests, we found two new territories, one near Dunlop and one on the Lions Youth Haven agistment paddock near McQuoids Hill. Adding the pair already known from Fyshwick, this made three breeding pairs in the ACT in 2007. They fledged a total of four young. We discuss the status of breeding Little Eagles in the ACT and future research aims.
Frequency-dependent seismic attenuation in shales: experimental results and theoretical analysis

Claudio Delle Piane,1 Joel Sarout,1 Claudio Madonna,2 Erik H. Saenger,2 David N. Dewhurst1 and Mark Raven3 1CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Australian Resources Research Centre, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. E-mail: claudio.dellepiane@csiro.au 2Geological Department ETH, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland 3CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Rd, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
Regulationofgeneexpressionduringswarmercell di ¡ erentiation in Proteusmirabilis

The gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis can exist in either of two cell types, a vegetative cell characterized as a short rod and a highly elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cell. This differentiation is triggered by growth on solid surfaces and multiple inputs are sensed by the cell to initiate the differentiation process. These include the inhibition of flagellar rotation, the accumulation of extracellular putrescine and O-antigen interactions with a surface. A key event in the differentiation process is the upregulation of FlhD2C2, which activates the flagellar regulon and additional genes required for differentiation. There are a number of genes that influence FlhD2C2 expression and the function of these genes, if known, will be discussed in this review. Additional genes that have been shown to regulate gene expression during swarming will also be reviewed. Although P. mirabilis represents an excellent system to study microbial differentiation, it is largely understudied relative to other systems. Therefore, this review will also discuss some of the unanswered questions that are central to understanding this process in P. mirabilis.
RURAL DEVELOPMENT: MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IMPACTING COMMUNITY SUPPORT FOR RURAL TOURISM

Rural tourism has emerged as a viable domestic tourism option and a means of raising the standard of living and enhancing the environment for rural residents. Successful rural tourism greatly depends on rural tourism products and the local communities residing in particular areas. This study examines factors that influence rural community support for developing tourism in remote areas. The theoretical concept is framed by integrating social exchange theory with social representation theory. It employs a case study approach by examining multiple stakeholder views located in remote Kinabatangan, Sabah. Using a mixed-method approach and four labels of data convergence, the findings reveal conflicting views among the stakeholders pertaining to Indigenous motivation and participation in rural tourism activities. The study highlights employing a comrade approach to encourage aboriginal participation in tourism ventures, not merely depending on monetary incentives and tourism awareness campaigns.
Hydraulic Fracturing

Food system and energy planners have given scant attention to the impacts on agrifood systems of a particular form of energy production—fracking—and its implications for planning and regulation. Impacts include those related to water availability and quality; land quality, use, and value; wildlife; labor costs; infrastructure and services; and the implications of boom and bust dynamics of these for the sustainability of agriculture and food systems. Planning is challenged by competing frames of economic and environmental benefits, lack of capacity, power imbalances, and sometimes state policy. This review maps research on these linkages, identifies elements of successful planning, and offers directions for future research.
The role of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus in malaria transmission within houses with different characteristics in South-eastern Tanzania

Background: Malaria vectors persist predominantly in houses lacking screened windows, doors, and eave space, leading to ongoing transmission. Some other vectors adapt their feeding behavior to sustain reproduction. This study evaluates the role of primary malaria vectors in malaria transmission in relation to house characteristics in Kilombero Valley. Methods: Mosquito data collection was done using three methods: a CDC light trap, a miniaturized double net trap (DN-Mini trap), and a Prokopack aspirator through 222 households that were randomly selected in the three villages, namely Ebuyu, Chirombora, and Mzelezi. The houses are characterized during mosquito collections, and the Geographical Position System (GPS) was used to geolocate the sampled houses. Morphological identification was done on the collected sample (i.e., fed, part-fed, gravid, and unfed), and a sub-sample was sent to the laboratory to assess the sibling species, blood meal, and sporozoite. Results: A total of 1542 Anopheline mosquitoes were collected, of which 79.1% (n = 1219) were An. funestus and 20.3% (n = 313) were An. arabiensis as primary malaria vectors, while the secondary malaria vector was 0.6% (n = 10). Out of 487 anopheline mosquitoes assayed for plasmodium falciparum sporozoite, 92.8% (n = 13) of An. funestus was reported to be dominant, while An. arabiensis was dominant by 7.2% (n = 1). While An. funestus was the only species that had a blood meal and was found to feed on humans (88.16%, n = 134), dogs (11.18%, n = 17), and a mixture of both human and chicken blood meal, In addition to that, the house with screened eave space had fewer An. funestus compared to the house with open eave space (RR = 0.978, p =0.864), while the house with a brick wall had a higher An. funestus compared with the house with a mud wall (RR = 0.690, p =0.107). Conclusion Anopheles funestus remained the dominant malaria vector responsible for all transmissions in the villages. The human population is at risk due to their preference for An. funestus, which contributes about 92.8% of infections in the village. Additionally, the house design appears to play a significant role in facilitating malaria vectors to continue transmitting malaria.
P‐O‐rich sulfide phase in CM chondrites: Constraints on its origin on the CM parent body

CM chondrites are a group of primitive meteorites that have recorded the alteration history of the early solar system. We report the occurrence, chemistry, and oxygen isotopic compositions of P‐O‐rich sulfide phase in two CM chondrites (Grove Mountains [GRV] 021536 and Murchison). This P‐O‐rich sulfide is a polycrystalline aggregate of nanometer‐size grains. It occurs as isolated particles or aggregates in both CM chondrites. These grains, in the matrix and in type‐I chondrules from Murchison, were partially altered into tochilinite; however, grains enclosed by Ca‐carbonate are much less altered. This P‐O‐rich sulfide in Murchison is closely associated with magnetite, FeNi phosphide, brezinaite (Cr3S4), and eskolaite (Cr2O3). In addition to sulfur as the major component, this sulfide contains ~6.3 wt% O, ~5.4 wt% P, and minor amounts of hydrogen. Analyses of oxygen isotopes by SIMS resulted in an average δ18O value of −22.5 ‰ and an average Δ17O value of 0.2 ± 9.2 ‰ (2σ). Limited variations in both chemical compositions and electron‐diffraction patterns imply that the P‐O‐rich sulfide may be a single phase rather than a polyphase mixture. Several features indicate that this P‐O‐rich sulfide phase formed at low temperature on the parent body, most likely through the alteration of FeNi metal (a) close association with other low‐temperature alteration products, (b) the presence of hydrogen, (c) high Δ17O values and the presence in altered mesostasis of type‐I chondrules and absence in type‐II chondrules. The textural relations of the P‐O‐rich sulfide and other low‐temperature minerals reveal at least three episodic‐alteration events on the parent body of CM chondrites (1) formation of P‐O‐rich sulfide during sulfur‐rich aqueous alteration of P‐rich FeNi metal, (2) formation of Ca‐carbonate during local carbonation, and (3) alteration of P‐O‐rich sulfide and formation of tochilinite during a period of late‐stage intensive aqueous alteration.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria.

This study investigates the impact of FDI on economic growth. Quarterly data is used and covers the period 1980Q1-2009Q4. Endogenous growth model is employed for the study with emphases on the impact of FDI inflow into agriculture, manufacturing and telecommunication sectors in Nigeria. However, the study also examines the direction of causality between FDI inflow into these sectors and economic growth. In addition, the study further investigate the influence of business environment - political instability (PI), corruption (CRPINDX), institution/legal framework (LEGFRWK) proxied by FH, 2001, suggested by work of Sala-i-Martin (1997) and Barro and Lee (1994) and macroeconomic indicators such as inflation (INF), real interest rate (RINTR) and real exchange rate (RER) on the inflow of FDI. The empirical evidence shows that FDI into manufacturing and telecommunication sector has positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria while FDI into agricultural sector impacted on economic growth negatively. The findings on granger causality suggest that FDI into agriculture, manufacturing and telecommunication sector have a unidirectional relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. Institution or legal framework has positive and significant influence on the inflow of FDI, hence suggesting the need for strong legal framework for property right protection could serve as an incentive to attract more foreign investors. Political instability and real exchange rate significantly and negatively influences the inflow of FDI vis-a-vis signifying the importance of friendly business environment in
The impact of foreign direct investment on stock market growth: Evidence from Pakistan

This paper aims to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on stock market growth in Pakistan from 1990 to 2020. The study aims to evaluate the impact of FDI on stock market growth in both the short and long term, as well as examine the impact of economic growth on stock market growth. The study uses an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze the long-term impacts of FDI on the stock market and an Error Correction Model (ECM) to evaluate the short-term impact. The study reveals a substantively significant and positive influence of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the growth of the stock market, observed from both a short-term and long-term perspective. Gross National Income (GNI) and Exchange Rate (ER) also have a significant bearing on stock market growth, while Interest Rate (IR) is found to have a negative impact but is statistically insignificant. The findings also confirm the impact of economic growth on stock market development, establishing a triangular relationship between FDI, Economic Growth, and Stock Market Growth. The study concludes that FDI has a significant positive impact on stock market growth in Pakistan in both the short and long term. It further suggests that macroeconomic policies should be developed and a tax-free market environment should be created to stimulate and encourage foreign direct investment for economic growth and stock market growth. The study's policy implications suggest that government officials should implement viable macroeconomic policies and create a tax-free market environment to encourage foreign direct investment for economic and stock market growth in Pakistan.
Probability Measures on Metric Spaces of Nonpositive Curvature

We present an introduction to metric spaces of nonpositive curvature (”NPC spaces”) and a discussion of barycenters of probability measures on such spaces. In our introduction to NPC spaces, we will concentrate on analytic and stochastic aspects of nonpositive curvature. Among others, we present two different characterizations of nonpositive curvature in terms of variance inequalities for probabilities on metric spaces as well as a characterization in terms of a weighted quadruple inequality. The latter generalizes Reshetnyak’s quadruple inequality which played a major role in many developments during the last decade. For Riemannian manifolds, nonpositive curvature will also be characterized by the existence of a contracting barycenter map on the space of probability measures on the respective manifold. In our discussion of barycenters of probability measures on NPC spaces, basic results like the Law of Large Numbers, Jensen’s inequality and the L1contraction property will be derived and many examples will be presented. We identify barycenters for images, products, L2-spaces, Hilbert spaces, trees and manifolds. Also some results on convex means will be included.
Febuxostat: the evidence for its use in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout

Introduction: Gout is a common and disabling cause of arthritis in middle-aged and elderly populations, with its main predisposing factor being hyperuricemia (serum urate > 6.8 mg/dL). Options for treatment of chronic gout until 2008 were allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and the group of drugs known as uricosurics that stimulate the renal excretion of uric acid. A proportion of patients, including some with chronic kidney disease and solid organ transplantations, could not be treated with the those therapies because of intolerance, drug interactions, or adverse events. Febuxostat is a nonpurine xanthine oxidase inhibitor, recently approved in Europe and the United States for the treatment of chronic gout. Aim: To review the clinical evidence (phase II and III studies) of the effectiveness and safety of febuxostat for treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Evidence review: Febuxostat, at doses ranging from 40 to 240 mg/day, is efficacious in reducing serum urate in patients with hyperuricemia and gout, comparing favorably with fixed doses of allopurinol in that respect. Early safety signals with respect to liver test abnormalities and cardiovascular outcomes have not been confirmed in recent large prospective trials but need to be further monitored. Clinical potential: Given its low cost and extensive clinical experience, allopurinol will likely remain the first-line drug for management of hyperuricemia and gout. Febuxostat may provide an important option in patients unable to use allopurinol, those with very high serum urate levels, or in the presence of refractory tophi.
Effect Of High Intensity Interval Training On Body Composition And Anthropometric Characteristics Of Overweight Young Adults Using Rowing Machine

: The study is conducted to determine the effect of a 12-week High Intensity Intermittent Exercise (HIIE) intervention on anthropometric characteristics include total body water, total body weight, body fat, waist to hip circumference ratio, body mass index, girth measurements include neck, chest, bicep, forearm, waist, thigh, calf, waist to hip ratio of overweight males adolescents. The 50 participants of this study were randomly assigned to either exercise or to control group. The intervention group (n=25) received HIIE at frequencey three times per week, 20 minutes per session, for 12 weeks. The results of high intensity intermittent exercise HIIE and control groups (n=25) have been shown on body composition of over weight males, the experimental group was significantly reduced total body water by 2.39 kg, total body weight was not significantly but reduced by 2.33 kg, body fat was significantly reduced 1.86 %, waist to hip circumference ratio was also reduced by 0.01 and body mass index was also reduced by 1.7 kg/m 2 . On the other hand, the control group slightly increased in body water, body weight, % body fat, waist to hip, body mass index. The HIIE on girth measurements of overweight males, the experimental group was significantly reduced neck size by 2.72 cm, chest
Engineering Culture: Control and Commitment in a High-Tech Corporation

Engineering Culture grew out of an attempt to take seriously the conceptual and methodological requirements of a cultural perspective on organizations. Briefly, the book is a critical ethnography of a large and successful high-tech corporation lauded in the popular managerial literature for its innovative postbureaucratic “corporate culture. ” The corporate culture, the official story went, drove the company’s employees to peaks of corporate performance and personal self-actualization. Academic views of these managerial claims fell, unsurprisingly, into two distinct camps. On the one hand (the upper one, of course) were those who participated in the construction of this grand utopian narrative: numerous texts reinforced, jargonized, and legitimated managerial claims and fed them back to ever-hungry corporate consumers of good words. On the other hand, less popular but no less persistent and no less grand, was a continuing stream of criticism of the corporation. In this view, utopian managerial claims were---as ever---no more than a disguise for malevolent managerial intentions, now in the form of tyrannical attempts to penetrate and shape employees’ minds and hearts.