Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators to Retention in Care and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in a Ghanaian Referral Hospital

: The rise in new HIV infection cases has prompted widespread worry. High trends of patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy in hospitals have been caused by the increase, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana, where more than 300,000 people are currently receiving ART. HIV incidence is rising in Ghana, particularly among young people, despite the implementation of goals, policies
Multiple view geometry and convex optimization

Multiple View Geometry is an area of computer vision that is concerned with recovering the geometrical information in a stationary scene given multiple views of the scene. Optimization is a tool that is of great importance in multiple view geometry. Indeed, many core problems in multiple view geometry are solved by formulating them as optimization problems. These optimization methods are then usually solved using linear methods based on the singular value decomposition or iterative estimation algorithms based on minimizing the L2 norm. While linear methods yield closed-form solutions, are easy to implement and computationally efficient, their disadvantage is that the quantity being minimized is not geometrically or statistically meaningful. On the other hand, L2 algorithms are statistically optimal but they are often slow, reliant on good initialization and prone to convergence to local minima and infeasible solutions. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of convex optimization techniques in multiple view geometry. One key advantage of convex optimization methods is the existence of a single minima. Hence, there is no problem with falling into a local minimum unlike L2 algorithms. Convex optimization also has the advantage that the cost function being minimized typically has a geometrical meaning unlike linear methods. On the computational side of things, convex methods are relatively fast and quite easy to implement. In addition, with convex methods, we are able to add constraints to the optimization methods thereby allowing us to incorporate any prior knowledge about the solution into the optimization problem. In doing so, we also reduce the search space and prevent convergence to infeasible solutions. Overall, we found convex optimization to be a viable alternative to the linear and L2 estimation algorithms typically used in multiple view geometry.
Fan-Shaped Hole Film Cooling on Turbine Blade and Vane in a Transonic Cascade with High Freestream Turbulence: Experimental and CFD Studies

The contribution of present research work is to experimentally investigate the effects of blowing ratio and mainstream Mach number/Reynolds number (from 0.6/8.5X10 to 1.0/1.4X10) on the performance of the fan-shaped hole injected turbine blade and vane. The study was operated with high freestream turbulence intensity (12% at the inlet) and large turbulence length scales (0.26 for blade, 0.28 for vane, normalized by the cascade pitch of 58.4mm and 83.3mm respectively). Both convective heat transfer coefficient, in terms of Nusselt number, and adiabatic effectiveness are provided in the results. Present research work also numerically investigates the shock/film cooling interaction. A detailed analysis on the physics of the shock/film cooling interaction in the blade cascade is provided. The results of present research suggests the following major conclusions. Compared to the showerhead only vane, the addition of fan-shaped hole injection on the turbine Nozzle Guide Vane (NGV) increases the Net Heat Flux Reduction (NHFR) 2.6 times while consuming 1.6 times more coolant. For the blade, combined with the surface curvature effect, the increase of Mach number/Reynolds number results in an improved film cooling effectiveness on the blade suction side, but a compromised cooling performance on the blade pressure side. A quick drop of cooling effectiveness occurs at the shock impingement on the blade suction side near the trailing edge. The CFD results indicate that this adiabatic effectiveness drop was caused by the strong secondary flow after shock impingement, which lifts coolant away from the SS surface, and increases the mixing. This secondary flow is related to the spanwise non-uniform of the shock impingement.
AAV-mediated gene transfer to colon-innervating primary afferent neurons

Investigation of neural circuits underlying visceral pain is hampered by the difficulty in achieving selective manipulations of individual circuit components. In this study, we adapted a dual AAV approach, used for projection-specific transgene expression in the CNS, to explore the potential for targeted delivery of transgenes to primary afferent neurons innervating visceral organs. Focusing on the extrinsic sensory innervation of the mouse colon, we first characterized the extent of dual transduction following intrathecal delivery of one AAV9 vector and intracolonic delivery of a second AAV9 vector. We found that if the two AAV9 vectors were delivered one week apart, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron transduction by the second vector was greatly diminished. Following delivery of the two viruses on the same day, we observed colocalization of the transgenes in DRG neurons, indicating dual transduction. Next, we delivered intrathecally an AAV9 vector encoding the inhibitory chemogenetic actuator hM4D(Gi) in a Cre-recombinase dependent manner, and on the same day injected an AAV9 vector carrying Cre-recombinase in the colon. DRG expression of hM4D(Gi) was demonstrated at the mRNA and protein level. However, we were unable to demonstrate selective inhibition of visceral nociception following hM4D(Gi) activation. Taken together, these results establish a foundation for development of strategies for targeted transduction of primary afferent neurons for neuromodulation of peripheral neural circuits.
Continuity and changes in grandchild care and the risk of depression for Chinese grandparents: new evidence from CHARLS

Objectives Although studies have researched the mental effects of intergenerational care, little is known about the impact of transformations in caregiving intensity on depression. This study explores grand-parents’ depressive symptom outcomes in terms of changes over time in grandparental childcare, with considerations for subgroup differences. Method Using data from the 2015–2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study on grandparents aged 45 and older, we adopted generalized estimating equations to estimate the effects of seven category changes [(1) continued to provide high-intensity or (2) low-intensity care at both waves; (3) never provided care; (4) started caregiving; (5) ended caregiving; (6) provided less intensive care; and (7) provided more intensive care] over time in grandparental childcare on depressive symptoms among 17,701 grandparents with at least one grandchild, as well as how the impact varies by gender and urban/rural areas. Results Grandparents who decreased the intensity of care, stopped childcare, or offered continuous low-intensity care were associated with a lower level of depression compared with those providing no childcare. In addition, the benefit of continuous caregiving on mental health was especially noticeable in urban grandmothers. Conclusion Providing continuous low-intensity, decreased-intensity grandparenting and the cessation of caregiving were associated with a decreased level of depression for Chinese grandparents; however, there were complex interactions at play. Policies aimed at supporting grandparenting should consider caregiving intensity transitions relevant to gender and urban/rural residence.
Marine heatwave temperatures enhance larval performance but are meditated by paternal thermal history and inter-individual differences in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Marine heatwave (MHW) events, characterized by periods of anomalous temperatures, are an increasingly prevalent threat to coastal marine ecosystems. Given the seasonal phenology of MHWs, the full extent of their biological consequences may depend on how these thermal stress events align with an organism’s reproductive cycle. In organisms with more complex life cycles (e.g., many marine invertebrate species) the alignment of adult and larval environments may be an important factor determining offspring success, setting the stage for MHW events to influence reproduction and development in situ. Here, the influence of MHW-like temperatures on the early development of the California purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, were explored within the context of paternal thermal history. Based on temperature data collected during MHW events seen in Southern California from 2014–2020, adult urchins were acclimated to either MHW or non-MHW temperatures for 28 days before their sperm was used to produce embryos that were subsequently raised under varying thermal conditions. Once offspring reached an early larval stage, the impact of paternal and offspring environments were assessed on two aspects of offspring performance: larval size and thermal tolerance. Exposure to elevated temperatures during early development resulted in larger, more thermally tolerant larvae, with further influences of paternal identity and thermal history, respectively. The alignment of paternal and offspring exposure to MHW temperatures had additional positive benefits on larval thermal tolerance, but this tolerance significantly decreased when their thermal experience mismatched. As the highest recorded temperatures within past MHW events have occurred during the gametogenesis of many kelp forest benthic marine invertebrate species, such as the purple sea urchin, such parental mediated impacts may represent important drivers of future recruitment and population composition for these species.
Time Use and the Efficiency of Heterogeneous Markups

What are the welfare implications of markup heterogeneity across firms? In standard monopolistic competition models, such heterogeneity implies inefficiency even in the presence of free entry. We enrich the standard model with heterogeneous firms so that preferences are non-separable in off market time and market consumption and show that this changes the welfare implications of markup heterogeneity. In this context, homogeneity of markups is neither necessary nor sufficient for efficiency. The marginal cost of the marginal firm is weakly inefficiently high when off-market time and market consumption are complements and inefficiently low when they are substitutes, and the equilibrium allocation devotes weakly too few resources to firm creation. However, when off-market time and market consumption are perfect complements, markups are heterogeneous across firms and yet the equilibrium allocation is efficient.
RB-Dust ± A Reference-based Dataset for Vision-based Dust Removal

Dust in the agricultural landscape is a significant challenge and influences, for example, the environmental perception of autonomous agricultural machines. Image enhancement algorithms can be used to reduce dust. However, these require dusty and dust-free images of the same environment for validation. In fact, to date, there is no dataset that we are aware of that addresses this issue. Therefore, we present the agriscapes RB-Dust dataset, which is named after its purpose of reference-based dust removal. It is not possible to take pictures from the cabin during tillage, as this would cause shifts in the images. Because of this, we built a setup from which it is possible to take images from a stationary position close to the passing tractor. The test setup was based on a half-sided gate through which the tractor could drive. The field tests were carried out on a farm in Bavaria, Germany, during tillage. During the field tests, other parameters such as soil moisture and wind speed were controlled, as these significantly affect dust development. We validated our dataset with contrast enhancement and image dehazing algorithms and analyzed the generalizability from recordings from the moving tractor. Finally, we demonstrate the application of dust removal based on a high-level vision task, such as person classification. Our empirical study confirms the validity of RB-Dust for vision-based dust removal in agriculture.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Investment Decisions, and Managerial Ownership on Value of The Company : Evidence from Indonesia

This study aims to prove the influence of corporate social responsibility, investment decisions and managerial ownership on value of the company. Theories used in this research are agency theory and signal theory. This research was done on all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2016-2018. The sampling method used is purposive sampling technique and the data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that corporate social responsibility and managerial ownership have no influence on value of the company, while investment decisions have a positive influence on value of the company. Few suggestions for the further research are adjust research periods, use other criteria of sample, use other indicators such as funding decisions, company size, other corporate governance indicators, or use other methods to measure value of the company.
Evaluation of Legacy Forest Harvesting Impacts on Dominant Stream Water Sources and Implications for Water Quality Using End Member Mixing Analysis

Forests are critical water supply regions that are increasingly threatened by natural and anthropogenic disturbance. Evaluation of runoff-generating processes within harvested and undisturbed headwater catchments provides insight into disturbance impacts on water quality and drinking water treatability. In this study, an extensive hydrologic dataset collected at the experimental Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW) located on the Canadian Shield was used to quantify sources of stormflow in legacy clear-cut (24-years post harvesting) and forested (control) headwater catchments using an end member mixing analysis (EMMA) model. Stream water, groundwater, soil water, and throughfall water quality were evaluated during spring snowmelt, stormflow, and fall wet-up. Groundwater chemistry was similar to stream water chemistry in both catchments, suggesting that groundwater is a major contributor to stream flow. The water chemistry in small wetlands within the study catchments was comparable to stream water chemistry, suggesting that wetlands are also important contributors to stream flow. Differences in wetland position between the legacy clear-cut and control catchments appeared to have a greater influence on source contributions than legacy harvesting. Results from this study provide insight into runoff-generation processes that reflect event/seasonal flow dynamics and the impacts on water quality.
Influence of tillage pattern and forward speed of the tractor in the efficiency tillage.

The experiment in one of the agricultural fields in the district Aziziyah / Wasit ,Was the clay loam soil, and used by the tractor TUMOSAN 74 (2WD) with mould-board plough 4 boards Turkish-made, Used in the experiment split-plot design under Randomized Complete Block Design and three replications , Bringing the number of experimental units 24 and the experimental unit(2 Patterns field * 3 Forward Speed of tractor * 3 replications) their influence on the pattern plowing efficiency, depth of plowing , fuel consumption , percentage of slip , the appearance of the soil and field efficiency. Was obtained at the highest efficiency plowing when the spaced pattern amount 58.63% and the highest depth of plowing 22 cm and the highest fuel consumption 58.19 l/ha, while the pattern convergent on the minimum rate of fuel consumption and less number appearance tillage decreased diameter less than 10 cm, while the effect of forward speed of the tractor influence significantly where it was get the highest efficiency of plowing the amount of 62.3% at the forward speed of 7 km/h, and the highest depth plowing at speed 24.66 cm. Show a significant difference to the energy requirements when you change the plowing pattern and reduced energy requirements at the increased speed forward
ADDICTA: THE TURKISH JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS

1 Correspondence to: Hatice Yıldız Durak (PhD), Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Faculty of Education, Bartin University, Bartın 74100 Turkey. Email: hatyil05@gmail.com To cite this article: Yıldız Durak, H. (2018). What would you do without your smartphone? Adolescents’ social media usage, locus of control, and loneliness as a predictor of nomophobia. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5, 543−557. http://dx.doi. org/10.15805/addicta.2018. 5.2. 0025 Abstract Smartphones, with their constantly evolving features, facilitate instant communication and help individuals stay connected with the world at all times. This can lead people to become addicted to their smartphones. In particular, behaviors that indicate smartphone addiction in adolescents have become increasingly prevalent. The most important of these behaviors is nomophobic behavior. This study aims to determine adolescents’ smartphone usage and levels of nomophobia, and to examine the variables related to nomophobia. The study group of this research, which uses the relational survey model, consisted of 786 students studying in the 7th and 8th grades of a middle school in the fall semester of 2016. A personal information form and four data collection tools were used in this study. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the quantitative data. In this study, social media addiction was found to most positively correlate with adolescents’ nomophobic behavior levels, and locus of control was found to have the lowest positive correlation with nomophobic behavior levels. In the conclusion of the study, further recommendations have been made.
Pieces of the puzzle? Coalition formation and tangential preferences

Abstract The similarity of parties’ policy preferences has long been considered an important determinant of whether they form a government coalition. That similarity has typically been assessed based on parties’ respective locations in a policy space. The degree to which parties care about different issues may, however, also vary. Parties that care about different issues may actually be the most compatible partners, as their tangential preferences would allow them to engage in policy logrolling and enable them to preserve their distinctiveness in the eyes of voters. This analysis tests arguments regarding the role of tangentiality and its interaction with policy proximity on the party composition of governments formed in Western Europe from 1945 to 2019. The findings show that parties that emphasise the same issues are more natural coalition partners provided the ideological differences between the parties are sufficiently similar.
Decay of MHD turbulence at low magnetic Reynolds number

We report a detailed numerical investigation of homogeneous decaying turbulence in an electrically conducting fluid in the presence of a uniform constant magnetic field. The asymptotic limit of low magnetic Reynolds number is assumed. Largeeddy simulations with the dynamic Smagorinsky model are performed in a computational box sufficiently large to minimise the effect of periodic boundary conditions. The initial microscale Reynolds number is about 170 and the magnetic interaction parameter N varies between 0 and 50. We find that, except for a short period of time when N=50, the flow evolution is strongly influenced by nonlinearity and cannot be adequately described by any of the existing theoretical models [12, 1]. One particularly noteworthy result is the near equipartition between the rates of Joule and viscous dissipations of the kinetic energy observed at all values of N during the late stages of the decay. Further, the velocity components parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field decay at different rates, whose value depends on the strength of the magnetic field and the stage of the decay.
Behavioral Self-Blame in PTSD—Etiology, Risk Factors, and Proposed Interventions

Background: Feeling out of control during a traumatic event may evoke behavioral self-blame (BSB) to avoid feeling helpless following trauma by restoring one’s sense of control. BSB is a common, persistent, and treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress symptom. The present study investigates the etiology and risk factors of BSB following a traumatic event and the reasons for its persistence over time. Method: Subjects were a group of 546 Israeli ex-combat soldiers (M age = 24.93 ± 5.657) registered in an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) combat reaction clinic. All completed the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5). Item 10 of the PCL-5 served to measure BSB. The PDEQ and BSI measured distress and feeling out of control during the event. We used descriptive analyses of the data, t-test, and linear regression analysis to reveal the relationship between the research variables. Results: Feeling out of control during a traumatic event often increases BSB and post-traumatic stress symptoms. A significant correlation emerged between continuing distress characterizing individuals who experience a persistent lack of control and BSB. Female combat soldiers were at a higher risk of BSB than their male counterparts. Conclusion: Loss of control experienced during a traumatic event may result in persistent long-term feelings of lack of control over one’s behavior.
Abundance and Food Habits of Cougars and Bobcats in the Sierra San Luis, Sonora, México

Cougars (Puma concolor) and bobcats (Lynx rufus) are present throughout the Sky Islands of the Sonoran desert. We determined the abundance and food habits in northeastern Sonora, Mexico. Abundance indicated that cougars were common (4.19±5.57 cougars/100 km 2 and 0.05±0.05 scats/km). According to the scat index, bobcats were more abundant than cougars but no significant differences were found between the two ranches in the study area for both species. Cougars fed primarily on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and bobcats fed primarily on eastern cotton-tailed rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), where a small dietary overlap was estimated (0.34, Morisita index and 0.22, Pianka index). Our data help the management and conservation of this region.
A Descriptive Analysis of Dermatology Content and Creators on Social Media in the Philippines

The use of social media in health information dissemination is an emerging concept, and the quality and reliability of dermatology-related content pose great challenges for creators and end-users, particularly in the Philippines where 80.7% of the population are active social media users [1]. Exposure to and awareness of dermatology health information on social media largely influences the behaviors and practices of populations with access to the internet and social media [2]. Our objective was to describe the content and creators of the most popular Filipino-made dermatology-related image and video posts on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and YouTube.
On the computation of distributions of linear combinations of Laplace order statistics and their applications

Abstract We apply the result of conditional independence of blocked ordered data established by Iliopoulos and Balakrishnan, together with the algorithm of Huffer and Lin, to obtain exact expressions for the distributions of linear combinations of Laplace order statistics. These expressions can then be evaluated using symbolic math package Maple. Finally, we illustrate the computational method with some examples.