Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formula on long-term cognitive function in childhood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Lack of preformed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in infant formula has been hypothesised as contributing to cognitive differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Previous systematic reviews found no cognitive differences between infants fed formula with LCPUFA and those fed formula without, but focused on early developmental measures, such as Bayley Scales of Infant Development, which are poorly differentiating and not predictive of cognitive ability in childhood. This systematic review examined the effect of randomising infants to formula supplemented with LCUFA vs unsupplemented formula on cognitive function ≥ age 2.5 years. We searched Medline, Embase the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials without date limit, following a pre-published protocol according to PRISMA guidelines. We conducted random effects meta-analyses in RevMan v5.4 and followed GRADE and Cochrane Guidelines to evaluate strength of evidence and potential for bias. We included 8 trial cohorts which randomised participants between 1993 and 2004 and analyse 6 previously unpublished outcomes provided by various trialists. Age at the last available cognitive test ranged from 3.3 to 16 years. The pooled mean difference in Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised from four trials in term-born children showed no benefit of LCPUFA: -0.04 points (95% confidence interval -5.94 to 5.85, 95% prediction interval -14.17 to 14.25). The pooled mean difference in Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence score from two trials in preterm-born children also showed no benefit of LCPUFA: -7.71 (95% CI -24.63 to 9.22, 95% PI -97.80 to 82.38). Overall quality of evidence was low, due to substantial heterogeneity, low rates of follow-up, and indications of selective publication. The long-term effect of LCPUFA supplementation in term and preterm-born infants on cognition is highly uncertain and includes potential for large benefit as well as large harm. Based on our findings, LCPUFA supplementation of infant formula is not recommended until further robust evidence excludes long-term harm. Study registration PROSPERO registration numbers CRD42018105196 and CRD42018088868.
Work-family strategies during COVID-19: Examining gender dynamics among dual-earner couples with young children.

There are several existing typologies of dual-earner couples focused on how they dually manage work and family; however, these all assume that couples can outsource childcare during normal work hours and that work is largely conducted outside of the home. Early attempts to control COVID-19 altered these assumptions with daycares/schools closing and the heavy shift to remote work. This calls into question whether couples tended to fall back on familiar gendered patterns to manage work and family, or if they adopted new strategies for the unique pandemic situation. We addressed this question using a sample of 274 dual-earner couples with young children. We content coded couples' qualitative responses about their plans for managing childcare and work commitments and used these codes in a latent class analysis to identify subgroups. Seven classes were identified, with 36.6% of the sample using strategies where women did most or all childcare, 18.9% of the sample using strategies that were not clearly gendered or egalitarian, and 44.5% of the sample using unique egalitarian strategies. We also obtained data from 133 of these couples approximately 7 weeks later regarding their well-being and job performance. Results suggested that women in the Remote Wife Does It All class had the lowest well-being and performance. There were nuanced differences between the egalitarian strategies in their relationships with outcomes, with the Alternating Days egalitarian category emerging as the overall strategy that best preserved wives' and husbands' well-being while allowing both to maintain adequate job performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Clinical, Bronchoscopic, and Imaging Findings of e-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury Among Patients Treated at an Academic Medical Center

Key Points Question What are the typical clinical, radiographic, and bronchoscopic findings and clinical outcomes of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI)? Findings This case series of 31 patients found that EVALI typically presented as a flu-like illness with elevated inflammatory markers and an organizing pneumonia pattern on computed tomography imaging. Bronchoscopy showed lipid-laden macrophages and had a high rate of false-positive results for infection. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that EVALI has a characteristic clinical and radiographic presentation and that bronchoscopy has limited utility in its evaluation.
Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery for Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MAC) has a higher incidence of local extension, leading to lower overall resection rates. Few studies have investigated the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for MACs to date. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the validity of laparoscopic surgery for mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC). Methods: This study analyzed short-term and long-term outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgery for MACs from 2008 to 2018. Multivariate analyses were used to define prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Patients in the laparoscopy (LAP) group had significantly less blood loss, fewer days to first flatus and to diet, and shorter length of hospital stay. The 3-year and 5-year DFS rates for all stages combined were 65.7% and 62.5% in the LAP group compared with 60.5% and 57.6% in the open (OPEN) surgery group (P = .521). The 3-year and 5-year OS rates for all stages combined were 72.3% and 67.3% in the LAP group compared with 72.6% and 67.8% in the OPEN group (P = .934). OS and DFS in stage II, stage III, and pathological T4 (pT4) stage patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery did not differ from patients who underwent open surgery. Multivariate analysis showed that stage pT4, pN2, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were significant predictors of OS. Independent factors, including intraoperative blood transfusion, stage pT4, pN2, CEA, and CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, have a great effect on DFS. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery is a safe and feasible option for mucinous colorectal AC, which provides faster postoperative recovery and less intraoperative blood loss.
Predictors of disease severity and outcome of hospitalized renal transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review of a globally representative sample

Abstract Introduction. COVID-19 presents a special challenge to the kidney transplant population. Methods. A systematic review of articles that examined COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients was performed. Patients’ demographics, clinical, laboratory and radiological presentations, immunosuppression modification, and COVID-19 specific management were abstracted and analyzed. COVID-19 severity was classified into mild, moderate, and severe. Disease outcome was classified by whether the patient was discharged, still hospitalized, or died. Results. 44 articles reporting individual data and 13 articles reporting aggregated data on 149 and 561 kidney transplant recipients respectively with COVID-19 from Asia, Europe and America fulfilled all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among studies reporting case specific data, 76% of cases had severe disease. Compared to patients with mild/moderate disease, patients with severe disease had higher CRP, LDH, Ferritin, D-dimer and were more likely to have bilateral lung involvement at presentation and longer time since transplantation (P < 0.05 for all). Recipients’ age, gender and comorbidities did not impact disease severity. Patients with severe disease had a more aggressive CNI reduction and more antiviral medications utilization. Outcome was reported on 145 cases, of those 34 (23%) died all with severe disease. Longer duration from transplant to disease diagnosis, hypoxia and higher LDH were associated with mortality (P < 0.05). Different immunosuppression reduction strategies, high dose parenteral corticosteroids use and various antiviral combinations did not demonstrate survival advantage. Similar finding was observed for studies reporting aggregated data. Conclusion. COVID-19 in kidney transplant patients is associated with high rate of disease severity and fatality. Higher LDH and longer time since transplantation predicted both disease severity and mortality. None of the COVID-19 specific treatment correlated with, or improved disease outcome in kidney transplant recipients.
B‐waves are present in patients without intracranial pressure disturbances

Intracranial pressure (ICP) B‐waves are defined as short, repeating elevations of ICP of up to 50 mmHg with a frequency of 0.5–2 waves/min. The presence of B‐waves in overnight recordings is regarded as a pathological phenomenon. However, the physiology of B‐waves is still not fully understood and studies with transcranial Doppler, as a surrogate marker for ICP, have suggested that B‐waves could be a normal physiological phenomenon. We present four patients without known structural neurological disease other than a coincidentally found unruptured intracranial aneurysm. One of the patients had experienced well‐controlled epilepsy for several years, but was included because ICP under these conditions is unlikely to be abnormal. Following informed consent, all four patients had a telemetric ICP probe implanted during a prophylactic operation with closure of the aneurysm. They underwent overnight ICP monitoring with simultaneous polysomnography (PSG) sleep studies at 8 weeks after the operation. These patients exhibited nocturnal B‐waves, but did not have major structural brain lesions. Their ICP values were within the normal range. Nocturnal B‐waves occurred in close association with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in rapid eye movement (REM) and non‐REM sleep stages. SDB during REM sleep was associated with ramp‐type B‐waves; SDB during non‐REM sleep was associated with the sinusoidal type of B‐wave. We propose that B‐waves are a physiological phenomenon associated with SDB and that the mechanical changes during respiration could have an essential and previously unrecognised role in the generation of B‐waves.
Effect of different preparation designs and all ceramic materials on fracture strength of molar endocrowns

Objective: The aim was to compare the fracture strength of Molar endocrowns fabricated from different all-ceramic materials and various preparation designs. Materials and methods: Ninety extracted human molar teeth were root canal treated and randomly divided into three groups according to the all ceramic materials used for fabrication of the endocrowns (n = 30): (1) Lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press); (2) Polymer infiltrated ceramic (Vita Enamic); (3) High translucency zirconia (Ceramill Zolid HT). Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups (n = 10) according to the preparation design as 2 mm occlusal reduction, 4.5 mm occlusal reduction, and 4.5 mm occlusal reduction with 2 mm radicular extension. The endocrowns from each material were fabricated and surface treated according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. After cementation with self-adhesive resin luting cement, the specimens were stored in a humid environment for 72 hours and subsequently subjected to 5000 thermal cycles. After, a compressive, static-axial load was applied using a universal testing machine until failure. Load-to-failure was recorded (N) and the specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope to determine the failure type. The data was statistically analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests at p < 0.05. Results: The Lithium Disilicate endocrowns recorded the higher mean fracture strength for 4.5 mm occlusal thickness and 2 mm radicular extension at 3770.28 N and 3877.40 correspondingly. The High translucency zirconia endocrowns at conventional 2 mm thickness showed the highest mean fracture load (3533.34 N). Even though polymer infiltrated ceramic endocrowns displayed comparatively lesser fracture load; they recorded the predominantly favorable fractures. Conclusions: Increased occlusal thickness showed a significant improvement in fracture strength of lithium disilicate and polymer infiltrated ceramic molar endocrowns. Although the 2 mm radicular extension had the substantial enhancement of fracture strength in high translucency zirconia, it resulted in more unfavorable failure types.
Skeletal muscle magnetic resonance imaging in Pompe disease

Pompe disease is characterized by a deficiency of acid alpha‐glucosidase that results in muscle weakness and a variable degree of disability. There is an approved therapy based on enzymatic replacement that has modified disease progression. Several reports describing muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of Pompe patients have been published. Most of the studies have focused on late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD) and identified a characteristic pattern of muscle involvement useful for the diagnosis. In addition, quantitative MRI studies have shown a progressive increase in fat in skeletal muscles of LOPD over time and they are increasingly considered a good tool to monitor progression of the disease. The studies performed in infantile‐onset Pompe disease patients have shown less consistent changes. Other more sophisticated muscle MRI sequences, such as diffusion tensor imaging or glycogen spectroscopy, have also been used in Pompe patients and have shown promising results.
Effects of individualized antiplatelet therapy based on CYP2C19 genotype and platelet function on the prognosis of patients after PCI.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of individualized antiplatelet therapy based on CYP2C19 genotype and platelet function on the prognosis of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with conventional antiplatelet therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital from December 2014 to December 2017 were included in this prospective study and randomly divided into conventional (CA) and individualized antiplatelet therapy group (IA) at 1:1 ratio. Patients in the CA group received clopidogrel 75 mg once a day (QD). Group IA was divided into extensive, intermediate, and poor metabolizers according to the results of the CYP2C19 gene test. Three genotypes were given clopidogrel 75 mg QD, 75 mg twice daily (BID) and ticagrelor 90 mg BID respectively. After taking these medicines for a period of time, platelet function was monitored by thromboelastography (TEG) and MAADP values were recorded. MAADP indicates the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet function that not inhibited by medicine. High platelet reactivity (HPR) was defined as MAADP > 47mm, indicating a high risk of thrombus, and MAADP ≤ 31 mm indicates a high risk of hemorrhage. For extensive metabolizers (EMs) and intermediate metabolizers (IMs) patients with HPR, the antiplatelet therapy would be changed by the clinician according to the patient's conditions. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and hemorrhage events were monitored during 1-year follow-up. RESULTS The patients with MAADP > 47 mm were 89 (28.6%) in the IA group. There were 50 EMs patients with MAADP > 47 mm (33.3%). Of which, there were 2 cases which changed the dosage of clopidogrel to 75 mg BID, 14 cases who changed clopidogrel to ticagrelor. There were 36 IMs patients with MAADP > 47 mm (30.8%). Of which, there were 19 cases who changed clopidogrel to ticagrelor. There was no significant difference in the value of MAADP between EMs and IMs patients. Within 1 year after PCI, the occurrence of MACE in the IA group was significantly lower than that in the CA group (p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS (1) Patients with a CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) gene who take double doses of clopidogrel overcome the decreased efficacy of clopidogrel which partly due to CYP2C19 LOF gene, without increasing the risk of hemorrhage. (2) Individualized antiplatelet therapy based on CYP2C19 genotype and platelet function can significantly reduce the occurrence of MACE (mainly acute non-fatal myocardial infarction) after PCI without increasing the risk of moderate or severe hemorrhage.
Contributions of Molecular and Optical Techniques to the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. The distinctive neuropathological feature of AD is the intracerebral accumulation of two abnormally folded proteins: β-amyloid (Aβ) in the form of extracellular plaques, and tau in the form of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. These proteins are considered disease-specific biomarkers, and the definite diagnosis of AD relies on their post-mortem identification in the brain. The clinical diagnosis of AD is challenging, especially in the early stages. The disease is highly heterogeneous in terms of clinical presentation and neuropathological features. This phenotypic variability seems to be partially due to the presence of distinct Aβ conformers, referred to as strains. With the development of an innovative technique named Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC), traces of Aβ strains were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. Emerging evidence suggests that different conformers may transmit their strain signature to the RT-QuIC reaction products. In this review, we describe the current challenges for the clinical diagnosis of AD and describe how the RT-QuIC products could be analyzed by a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based systems to reveal the presence of strain signatures, eventually leading to early diagnosis of AD with the recognition of individual disease phenotype.
Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 4 (Arhgef4) Deficiency Enhances Spatial and Object Recognition Memory

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) play multiple functional roles in neurons. In a previous study, we reported that Arhgef4 (Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4) functioned as a negative regulator of the excitatory synaptic function by sequestering postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95). However, the role of Arhgef4 in behavior has not been examined. We performed comprehensive behavioral tests in knockout (KO) mice to investigate of the effects of Arhgef4 deficiency. We found that the expressed PSD-95 particle size was significantly increased in hippocampal neuronal cultures from Arhgef4 KO mice, which is consistent with the previous in vitro findings. Arhgef4 KO mice exhibited general motor activity and anxiety-like behavior comparable to those of the wild type littermates. However, spatial memory and object recognition memory were significantly enhanced in the Arhgef4 KO mice. Taken together, these data confirm the role of Arhgef4 as a negative synaptic regulator at the behavioral level.
Acculturation and ethnic group differences in well-being among Somali, Latino, and Hmong adolescents.

Research addressing the linkages between acculturation and markers of adolescent well-being across multiple ethnic minority groups is limited in scope and breadth, even though children of immigrant origin are the fastest growing population. We examined cross-sectional relationships between acculturation and substance use, socioemotional well-being, and academic achievement. Somali, Latino, and Hmong adolescents in Minnesota provided data as part of the EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity in Teens) cohort study (N = 1,066). Acculturation was based on nativity, language usually spoken at home, and length of residence in the United States. Chi-square, ANOVA, and regression models were used to test for differences in adolescent well-being by acculturation and ethnic group, and interaction terms were added to models to test effect modification by ethnicity. Hmong adolescents had the highest mean acculturation scores (4.4 ± 1.5), whereas Somali adolescents (2.2 ± 1.8) were the least acculturated. Independent of ethnicity, acculturation was positively associated with marijuana (OR: 1.38; CI [1.25, 1.53]) and alcohol use (OR: 1.12; CI [1.02, 1.22]), and was negatively associated with academic achievement, based on grade point average (β = -0.07; CI [-0.12, -0.03]). Interaction effects indicated significant differences by ethnicity only for academic achievement; significant associations between acculturation and academic achievement were evident only for Somali and Latino youth. Prevention programming should include supports for multilingual and multicultural learners and account for cultural assets within immigrant origin families that maintain and nurture protective factors as adolescents acculturate and transition into young adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Changing mortality trends in countries and cities of the UK: a population-based trend analysis

Objectives Previously improving life expectancy and all-cause mortality in the UK has stalled since the early 2010s. National analyses have demonstrated changes in mortality rates for most age groups and causes of death, and with deprived populations most affected. The aims here were to establish whether similar changes have occurred across different parts of the UK (countries, cities), and to examine cause-specific trends in more detail. Design Population-based trend analysis. Participants/setting Whole populations of countries and selected cities of the UK. Primary and secondary outcome measures European age-standardised mortality rates (calculated by cause of death, country, city, year (1981–2017), age group, sex and—for all countries and Scottish cities—deprivation quintiles); changes in rates between 5-year periods; summary measures of both relative (relative index of inequality) and absolute (slope index of inequality) inequalities. Results Changes in mortality from around 2011/2013 were observed throughout the UK for all adult age groups. For example, all-age female rates decreased by approximately 4%–6% during the 1980s and 1990s, approximately 7%–9% during the 2000s, but by <1% between 2011/2013 and 2015/2017. Equivalent figures for men were 4%–7%, 8%–12% and 1%–3%, respectively. This later period saw increased mortality among the most deprived populations, something observed in all countries and cities analysed, and for most causes of death: absolute and relative inequalities therefore increased. Although similar trends were seen across all parts of the UK, particular issues apply in Scotland, for example, higher and increasing drug-related mortality (with the highest rates observed in Dundee and Glasgow). Conclusions The study presents further evidence of changing mortality in the UK. The timing, geography and socioeconomic gradients associated with the changes appear to support suggestions that they may result, at least in part, from UK Government ‘austerity’ measures which have disproportionately affected the poorest.