Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flexural strength of fibre reinforced concrete in relation to the angle of magnetically orientated fibres

This paper focuses on high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete and its flexural strength concerning fibre orientation. The orientation is provided by a fully controlled special device. This device can align the fibres in fresh concrete using a magnetic field. The specimens are inserted into the device at different angles to ensure different fibre orientations concerning the longer side of the sample, which corresponds to the direction of the main tensile stresses. Specifically, angles of 0 °, 30 #x00B0;, 60 ° and 90 ° are tested and compared with each other and with reference specimens that are not exposed to a magnetic field. All samples are measured by a non-destructive method. This method was developed in our previous research and is based on measuring the quality factor Q of a measuring coil using an impedance meter. The samples are inserted into a measuring coil connected to an impedance meter. Flexural strength is obtained from the results of a three-point bending test. All samples are tested until complete failure.
FACTORS AFFECTING OPPORTUNITY AND NECESSITY-DRIVEN INTENTIONS OF ENTREPRENEURS: THE CASE OF SOUTH EAST EUROPE

We investigated the factors influencing the intention of entrepreneurs driven by opportunity (ODE) and entrepreneurs driven by necessity (NDE) in the countries of South-East Europe (SEE). The aim of the paper was to identify the key factors of entrepreneurial intentions of ODE/NDE and to propose measures the application of which can transform NDE into ODE and increase the contribution of total entrepreneurial activity to economic development. The Binomial Logistics Regression and Ordinary Logistics Regression were applied, using data for 125,444 entrepreneurs in seven countries of SEE. Our findings highlight that the intention of ODE is most influenced by entrepreneurial knowledge and experience, entrepreneurial alertness and social contacts and networks, while unemployment (as a work status) and low household income have a significant impact on the intention of NDE. The fear of failure has a negative influence on the intentions of both groups of entrepreneurs, but its impact is much more accentuated in NDE than in ODE.
MultiDark simulations: the story of dark matter halo concentrations and density profiles

Accurately predicting structural properties of dark matter halos is one of the fundamental goals of modern cosmology. We use the new suite of MultiDark cosmological simulations to study the evolution of dark matter halo density profiles, concentrations, and velocity anisotropies. The MultiDark simulations cover a large range of masses 1e10-1e15Msun and volumes upto 50Gpc**3. The total number of dark matter halos in all the simulations exceeds 60 billion. We find that in order to understand the structure of dark matter halos and to make ~1% accurate predictions for density profiles, one needs to realize that halo concentration is more complex than the traditional ratio of the virial radius to the core radius in the NFW profile. For massive halos the averge density profile is far from the NFW shape and the concentration is defined by both the core radius and the shape parameter alpha in the Einasto approximation. Combining results from different redshifts, masses and cosmologies, we show that halos progress through three stages of evolution. (1) They start as rare density peaks that experience very fast and nearly radial infall. This radial infall brings mass closer to the center producing a high concentrated halo. Here, the halo concentration increases with the increasing halo mass and the concentration is defined by the alpha parameter with nearly constant core radius. Later halos slide into (2) the plateau regime where the accretion becomes less radial, but frequent mergers still affect even the central region. Now the concentration does not depend on halo mass. (3) Once the rate of accretion slows down, halos move into the domain of declining concentration-mass relation because new accretion piles up mass close to the virial radius while the core radius is staying constant. We provide accurate analytical fits to the numerical results for halo density profiles and concentrations.
Anisotropic singularities in chiral modified gravity

In four spacetime dimensions, there exists a special infinite-parameter family of chiral modified gravity theories. All these theories describe just two propagating polarisations of the graviton. General relativity (GR) with an arbitrary cosmological constant is the only parity-invariant member of this family. We review how these modified gravity theories arise within the framework of pure-connection formulation. We introduce a new convenient parametrisation of this family of theories by using a certain set of auxiliary fields. Modifications of GR can be arranged so as to become important in regions with large Weyl curvature, while the behaviour is indistinguishable from GR where Weyl curvature is small. We show how the Kasner singularity of GR is resolved in a particular class of modified gravity theories of this type, leading to solutions in which the fundamental connection field is regular all through the spacetime. There arises a new asymptotically De Sitter region ‘behind’ the would-be singularity, the complete solution thus being of a bounce type.
Toroidal vortices and the conglomeration of dust into rings in protoplanetary discs

We identify a new hydrodynamical instability in protoplanetary discs that may arise due to variations in the dust-to-gas ratio and may lead to concentration of dust grains within a disc. The instability can arise due to dust settling, which produces a vertical compositional entropy gradient. The entropy gradient drives a baroclinic instability that is capable of creating toroidal gas vortices that gather dust into rings. Such dust rings are potentially observable via continuum emission of the dust or scattered light. Indeed, this instability may offer an explanation for the rings recently observed in the discs around the young stars HL Tau and TW Hya that does not rely on clearing by protoplanets. The instability may also have wider ramifications, potentially aiding dust agglomeration, altering the radial migration of larger planetesimals, and modifying angular momentum transport within a disc.
Perioperative Outcomes in Patients Who Received Spinal Chloroprocaine for Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty—Consecutive Case Series Study

Spinal anaesthesia is an established component of perioperative management for fast-track lower limbs arthroplasty. Short-acting local anaesthetics may present an interesting option for primary non-complicated knee (TKA) and hip (THA) arthroplasty. We describe the perioperative outcomes in patients operated under fixed 50 mg spinal chloroprocaine for total hip and knee replacement. In this retrospective case series study, 65 patients were analysed (median age 65 years, 55% females, benefit from THA (n = 31), TKA (n = 25), and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (n = 9)). In all cases, anaesthesia duration (87 min) was sufficient for successful surgery (52 min). Up to 45% of patients (THA and less in TKA) developed postoperative pain in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU), requiring intravenous morphine titration (up to 7.5 mg). One patient developed severe breakthrough pain requiring advanced regional analgesia. The median PACU stay was up to 97 min (less in TKA), and the incidence of nausea and urinary retention was low. All patients were able to start physical therapy on the same day of surgery. These findings encourage the use of a short-acting agent for spinal anaesthesia in patients with primary non-complicated arthroplasty; however, the relay analgesia should be systematically implemented to avoid breakthrough pain in PACU.
Linguistic and cultural identity: epistemological review

The article is intended to analyze and review the current state of "identity" as the category in modern social science. The main objective of the survey is to specify and position the term "identity" within the epistemological space of the concepts of "language", "culture", "personality" in line with the dominant ideas of the social science. The purpose of the article is to outline and analyze the research into the concepts of "identity" and "linguistic identity" in the humanities and, particularly, in linguistics. An attempt is made to comprehend the epistemological foundations of a new linguistic identity. Modern scientific trends are viewed in terms of content oriented linguistics and cognitive science. The interdisciplinary potential of epistemology is considered crucial for modern linguistic and ethnolinguistic studies. Among the approaches to the study of identity are those of Shaposhnikova, Karasik, Kristeva, Charaudeau, Block, Pruvost and Paul-Laurent, Salimi and Abedi, Hentschel, Lagarde. It was found that behavior patterns, modal and nominative ways of reflecting reality are ethnically determined via language as well as the preferences of the communicating individual in accordance with the logic, semantics and pragmatics of discourse. The main idea of the article is that linguistic identity is, first of all, ethnolinguistic identity. In this perspective, linguistic identity is not a purely national category, but rather a mental representation, a way of thinking, a specific weltanschauung. In any case, what we are talking about is the selection of the optimal linguistic continuum within which individuals acts and identify themselves as personalities. The prospects for the application of the methodology of dominant identification tools in any type of language are outlined. Suggestions are made about the possibility of building up a new mainstream trend of study considering identity as an ethnolinguistic entity in terms of cognitive and discourse analyses.
Atomic scale controlled tunnel oxide enabled by a novel industrial tube‐based PEALD technology with demonstrated commercial TOPCon cell efficiencies > 24%

In this work, we report on a significant breakthrough in fabricating the critical tunnel oxide layer of tunnel oxide passivated contacts (TOPCon) high‐efficiency solar cells compatible with high‐volume manufacturing. We show that the tunnel oxide can be controlled at the atomic scale, enabled by an innovative tube‐type industrial plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition (PEALD) method. In combination with an in situ doped poly‐Si (n+) layer grown by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition, a uniform, ultrathin ~1.3 nm SiOx layer is obtained at the c‐Si/SiOx/poly‐Si (n+) interface. Extremely low recombination current densities down to 2.8 fA/cm2 and an implied open‐circuit voltage (iVoc) as high as 759 mV are achieved, comparable to state‐of‐the‐art laboratory results. The developed tube‐type PEALD SiOx is applied to industrial TOPCon solar cells resulting in a solar cell efficiency and open‐circuit voltage of up to 24.2% and 710 mV, respectively. The tunnel oxide process window is about 2.4 Å, highlighting the importance of precisely controlling the tunnel oxide thickness at the atomic scale for TOPCon solar cells. The newly developed tube‐type industrial PEALD SiOx method opens up a promising new route toward mass production of high‐efficiency industrial TOPCon solar cells. Furthermore, the developed tube‐type PEALD method can easily be integrated with the industrial tube‐type plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, thus enabling the deposition of all thin film layers in TOPCon solar cells in one integrated PEALD/PECVD system. This significantly simplifies manufacturing complexity and fosters the commercialization of next‐generation high‐efficiency industrial TOPCon solar cells.
Thermal energy harvesting from Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.955Ti0.045O3 single crystals phase transitions

This paper describes the effect of the frequency on energy harvesting in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.955Ti0. 045O3 single crystals with an Ericsson cycle. At the lowest frequency of 0.01 Hz (which corresponds to the slope for the application of the electric field), the maximum harvested energy was equal to 86 mJ cm−3. With an increase in frequency, the harvested energy demonstrated a nonlinear decrease, and the diminution was particularly rapid at frequencies above the critical frequency of 1 Hz. The inherent mechanism of the frequency effect is discussed in detail. In the present case, the phase transitions due to domain engineering, e.g., R-O during the charge process at low temperature and O-T during the discharging process at high temperature, greatly improved the harvested energy. The study also revealed that various parameters, such as the electric field associated with the phase transition, the polarization relaxation, and polarization variations, influenced the capability of energy harvesting to a certain exte.
Stellar streams around the Magellanic Clouds

Using Blue Horizontal Branch stars identified in the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 data, we report the detection of an extended and lumpy stellar debris distribution around the Magellanic Clouds. At the heliocentric distance of the Clouds, overdensities of BHBs are seen to reach at least to ~30 degrees, and perhaps as far as ~50 degrees from the LMC. In 3D, the stellar halo is traceable to between 25 and 50 kpc from the LMC. We catalogue the most significant of the stellar sub-structures revealed, and announce the discovery of a number of narrow streams and diffuse debris clouds. Two narrow streams appear approximately aligned with the Magellanic Clouds' proper motion. Moreover, one of these overlaps with the gaseous Magellanic Stream on the sky. Curiously, two diffuse BHB agglomerations seem coincident with several of the recently discovered DES satellites. Given the enormous size and the conspicuous lumpiness of the LMC's stellar halo, we speculate that the dwarf could easily have been more massive than previously had been assumed.
The Venus emissivity mapper: implementation for flight on the NASA VERITAS mission

In June 2020 NASA has selected the VERTIAS Discovery mission to Venus for flight. The Venus Emissivity Mapper (VEM) provided by DLR together with the VISAR radar system provided by JPL are the core payload of the mission. VEM is the first flight instrument designed with a focus on mapping the surface of Venus using atmospheric windows around 1 μm wavelength. It will provide a global map of surface composition by observing with six narrow band filters from 0.86 to 1.18 μm. Continuous observation of Venus’ thermal emission will place tight constraints on current day volcanic activity. Eight additional channels provide measurements of atmospheric water vapor abundance as well as cloud microphysics and dynamics and permit accurate correction of atmospheric interference on the surface data. Combining VEM with a high-resolution radar mapper on the NASA VERITAS and ESA EnVision missions will provide key insights in the divergent evolution of Venus. After several years of pre-development including the setup of a laboratory prototype the implementation for flight has started with the qualification of the flight detectors, the review of all requirements flowdowns as well as the finalizing of spacecraft interfaces.
Geodesics and Jacobi fields of pseudo-Finsler manifolds

In this paper, we derive the first and the second variation of the energy functional for a pseudo-Finsler metric using the family of affine connections associated to the Chern connection. This opens the possibility to accomplish computations with coordinate-free methods. Using the second variation formula, we introduce the index form and present some properties of Jacobi fields.
Gut–Brain Axis: Insights from Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Brain Tumor Development in a Mouse Model of Experimental Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate

Chronic inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD) are idiopathic diseases associated with altered intestinal permeability, which in turn causes an exaggerated immune response to enteric antigens in a genetically susceptible host. A rise in psych cognitive disorders, such as anxiety and depression, has been observed in IBD patients. We here report investigations on a model of chemically induced experimental colitis by oral administration of sodium dextran sulfate (DSS) in C57BL/6 mice. We investigate, in vivo, the crosstalk between the intestine and the brain, evaluating the consequences of intestinal inflammation on neuroinflammation and hippocampal adult neurogenesis. By using different DSS administration strategies, we are able to induce acute or chronic colitis, simulating clinical characteristics observed in IBD patients. Body weight loss, colon shortening, alterations of the intestinal mucosa and fecal metabolic changes in amino acids-, lipid- and thiamine-related pathways are observed in colitis. The activation of inflammatory processes in the colon is confirmed by macrophage infiltration and increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine and oxidative stress marker (Il-6 and iNOS). Interestingly, in the hippocampus of acutely DSS-treated mice, we report the upregulation of inflammatory-related genes (Il-6, Il-1β, S-100, Tgf-β and Smad-3), together with microgliosis. Chronic DSS treatment also resulted in neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, indicated by astrocyte activation. Evaluation of stage-specific neurogenesis markers reveals deficits in the dentate gyrus after acute and chronic DSS treatments, indicative of defective adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Finally, based on a possible causal relationship between gut-related inflammation and brain cancer, we investigate the impact of DSS-induced colitis on oncogenesis, using the Ptch1+/−/C57BL/6 mice, a well-established medulloblastoma (MB) mouse model, finding no differences in MB development between untreated and DSS-treated mice. In conclusion, in our experimental model, the intestinal inflammation associated with acute and chronic colitis markedly influences brain homeostasis, impairing hippocampal neurogenesis but not MB oncogenesis.
Wildfire Smoke Influence on Cloud Water Chemical Composition at Whiteface Mountain, New York

Wildfires significantly impact air quality and climate, including through the production of aerosols that can nucleate cloud droplets and participate in aqueous‐phase reactions. Cloud water was collected during the summer months (June–September) of 2010–2017 at Whiteface Mountain, New York and examined for biomass burning influence. Cloud water samples were classified by their smoke influence based on backward air mass trajectories and satellite‐detected smoke. A total of 1,338 cloud water samples collected over 485 days were classified by their probability of smoke influence, with 49% of these days categorized as having moderate to high probability of smoke influence. Carbon monoxide and ozone levels were enhanced during smoke influenced days at the summit of Whiteface Mountain. Smoke‐influenced cloud water samples were characterized by enhanced concentrations of potassium, sulfate, ammonium, and total organic carbon, compared to samples lacking identified influence. Five cloud water samples were examined further for the presence of dissolved organic compounds, insoluble particles, and light‐absorbing components. The five selected cloud water samples contained the biomass burning tracer levoglucosan at 0.02–0.09 μM. Samples influenced by air masses that remained aloft, above the boundary layer during transport, had lower insoluble particle concentrations, larger insoluble particle diameters, and larger oxalate:sulfate ratios, suggesting cloud processing had occurred. These findings highlight the influence that local and long‐range transported smoke have on cloud water composition.
Cost-effective way to enhance the capabilities of the LCLS baseline

This paper discusses the potential for enhancing the LCLS hard X-ray FEL capabilities. In the hard X-ray regime, a high longitudinal coherence will be the key to such performance upgrade. The method considered here to obtain high longitudinal coherence is based on a novel single-bunch self-seeding scheme exploiting a single crystal monochromator, which is extremely compact and can be straightforwardly installed in the LCLS baseline undulator. We present simulation results dealing with the LCLS hard X-ray FEL, and show that this method can produce fully-coherent X-ray pulses at 100 GW power level. With the radiation beam monochromatized down to the Fourier transform limit, a variety of very different techniques leading to further improvements of the LCLS performance become feasible. In particular, we describe an efficient way for obtaining full polarization control at the LCLS hard X-ray FEL. We also propose to exploit crystals in the Bragg reflection geometry as movable deflectors for the LCLS X-ray transport systems. The hard X-ray beam can be deflected of an angle of order of a radian without perturbations. The monochromatization of the output radiation constitutes the key for reaching such result. Finally, we describe a new optical pump - hard X-ray probe technique which will allow time-resolved studies at the LCLS baseline on the femtosecond time scale. The principle of operation of the proposed scheme is essentially based on the use of the time jitter between pump and probe pulses. This eliminates the need for timing XFELs to high-power conventional lasers with femtosecond accuracy.
Exponential and super-exponential localizations for one-dimentional Schroedinger operators with Levy noise potentials

where {Q'Jf); ―co<? < + oo} is a temporally homogeneous Levy process and Q'JS) is the "derivative" of its sample function. Intuitively speaking, {Q'm(t)}teR is a continuous parameter family of i.i. d. random variables,which we will call "Levy noise", so that the above HM can be viewed as an idealization of the Schrodinger operator with random potential, and it may be of some interest to analyze in detail such an idealized model of disordered system. On the other hand, it is well known that almost every sample function of a Levy process is not differentiable(except the case of a trivial Levy process Qa(t)=ct, with a real constant c). Hence the expression (0-1) has only a symbolical meaning. The precise definition of Hw was given by the present author ([25]), and it was shown that H^ can actually be realized as a random self-adjoint operator in L2(R;dt). Moreover, the exact location of the spectrum of Hw was determined. The purpose of this paper is to study the properties of spectrum and eigenfunctions of Hw in more detail than in [25]. It will be shown that under some condition on {Qm(t)}, almost every realizationof H^ has pure point spectrum with exponentially decaying eigenfunctions (exponential localization―see Theorem 5). A remarkable fact is that in some other cases, the eigenfunctions decay faster than exponentially (Theorem 6). We would like to refer to this phenomenon as "super-exponential localization". Moreover, it will be shown that under some conditions on the Levy measure of {QJf)}, the eigenfunctions, in a rough sense, behave like exp[― \t\a~\ with a>l, or even like exp[―exp[exp[--exp[U|a] ・・・]] with a>0, as |*|->oo (Theorem 7).
Recent progress in the description of positron scattering from atoms using the convergent close-coupling theory

Much progress in the theory of positron scattering on atoms has been made in the ten years since the review of Surko et al (2005 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38 R57). We review this progress for few-electron targets with a particular emphasis on the two-centre convergent close-coupling and other theories which explicitly treat positronium (Ps) formation. While substantial progress has been made for Ps formation in positron scattering on few-electron targets, considerable theoretical development is still required for multielectron atomic and molecular targets.