Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acceptance, Awareness, and Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus infection and can lead to different epithelial lesions and cancer. Nevertheless, HPV infection is a disease that can be prevented with vaccine. Genital warts, cancer, and HPV infections can all be prevented with this vaccine. In this study, we aimed to investigate awareness, knowledge of HPV infection, and acceptance of its vaccine among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia between September and October 2022, using a self-administered validated questionnaire. beginning with informed consent, followed by questions about demographic data. Finally, there were questions about participants’ knowledge, awareness, and attitudes around HPV and its vaccine. Rustles: The results showed 645 participants and only 4% of them had received their HPV vaccination. Knowledge, awareness, and attitude levels were all 35% with mean of 1.14, 28% with mean of 3.03, and 51% with mean of 2.02, respectively. Social media was found to be the most reliable source of information about the HPV vaccine (33%), followed by health practitioners (21%). The most common reasons for refusing vaccinations are “belief we are healthy” (48%), followed by “lack of information” (38%). Conclusion: Regarding HPV infection and its vaccination, Saudi Arabia significantly lacks knowledge and awareness. It is essential to provide instructions and information in schools for students, families, and healthcare providers about infection and its vaccination.
An Update on the Metabolic Landscape of Oncogenic Viruses

Simple Summary Cancer cells amplify in an uncontrolled fashion. The resulting tumor and metastases need to ensure their survival in the body. To achieve this, cancer cells display increased nutritional needs and an altered metabolism. These metabolic changes start to be targeted for therapeutic interventions in the context of a number of different cancers. Similar to cancer, cells infected with viruses that cause cancer, so-called “oncoviruses”, have altered nutritional needs to support the amplification and spread of new progeny viruses and to ensure the survival of infected cells in the host. Here, we give an update on the similarities between the metabolic alterations observed in many types of cancers and those induced by oncogenic viruses. Furthermore, we discuss the antiviral activities of metabolic inhibitors used for the treatment of cancer. Abstract Viruses play an important role in cancer development as about 12% of cancer types are linked to viral infections. Viruses that induce cellular transformation are known as oncoviruses. Although the mechanisms of viral oncogenesis differ between viruses, all oncogenic viruses share the ability to establish persistent chronic infections with no obvious symptoms for years. During these prolonged infections, oncogenic viruses manipulate cell signaling pathways that control cell cycle progression, apoptosis, inflammation, and metabolism. Importantly, it seems that most oncoviruses depend on these changes for their persistence and amplification. Metabolic changes induced by oncoviruses share many common features with cancer metabolism. Indeed, viruses, like proliferating cancer cells, require increased biosynthetic precursors for virion production, need to balance cellular redox homeostasis, and need to ensure host cell survival in a given tissue microenvironment. Thus, like for cancer cells, viral replication and persistence of infected cells frequently depend on metabolic changes. Here, we draw parallels between metabolic changes observed in cancers or induced by oncoviruses, with a focus on pathways involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid, and amino acids. We describe whether and how oncoviruses depend on metabolic changes, with the perspective of targeting them for antiviral and onco-therapeutic approaches in the context of viral infections.
Marcinkiewicz spaces, Garsia-Rodemich spaces and the scale of John-Nirenberg self improving inequalities

We extend to n-dimensions a characterization of the Marcinkiewicz $L(p,\infty)$ spaces first obtained by Garsia-Rodemich in the one dimensional case. This leads to a new proof of the John-Nirenberg self-improving inequalities. We also show a related result that provides a still a new characterization of the $L(p,\infty)$ spaces in terms of distribution functions, reflects the self-improving inequalities directly, and also characterizes $L(\infty,\infty),$ the rearrangement invariant hull of $BMO. $ We show an application to the study of tensor products with $L(\infty,\infty)$ spaces, which complements the classical work of O'Neil \cite{oneil} and the more recent work of Astashkin \cite{astashkin}.
Relationship between wall pressure and velocity-field sources

The objective of this investigation is to study the velocity-field sources for the fluctuating wall pressure, determine their locations in the boundary layer, and investigate their physics. The velocity-field sources and partial wall pressures were computed from a database generated by a direct numerical simulation of a low Reynolds number, fully developed, turbulent channel flow. Results show that the mean-shear (MS) and turbulence-turbulence (TT) partial pressures (πMS and πTT, respectively) are the same order of magnitude. The buffer region dominates most of the wave number range; the viscous shear layer is significant at the highest wavenumbers; the buffer and logarithmic regions are important at low wavenumbers. Over most of the wavenumber range, the contribution from the buffer region is the dominant TT component; in the low-wavenumber range, the viscous shear layer, buffer region, and logarithmic region are significant; in the medium and high wavenumbers the viscous shear layer and buffer region do.
Effect of Using Mind Mapping Learning Technique among Undergraduate Nursing Students

Background: Through the use of a variety of instructional techniques, students in nursing education must be prepared for lifelong and self-directed learning. Therefore, it is crucial to use such creative teaching methods that foster learning by guaranteeing memory of information so that one may recall it and encouraging critical thought, such as the Mind Mapping Learning Technique, which is one of these creative learning methods. Aim : To determine the effect of using mind-mapping learning techniques among undergraduate nursing students . Subjects and method: Design : A quasi-experimental research design pre- posttest and control group was used to achieve the aim of the current study. Setting : the study was carried out in the Faculty of Nursing affiliated to El-Mansoura University. Subjects : The study included 1000 newly entry students at first year at B.Sc. level. Nursing students who were selected through a non-probability convenient sampling technique divided equally into experimental and control group each include 500 students from the above-mentioned study setting . Tools : Two tools were used for data collection: Tool (I): A close-ended self- administering questionnaire, it administered to both groups pre- and post the intervention to assess personal data. Tool (II): Undergraduate nursing students’ perception of mind mapping learning technique, it also administered to the experimental groups pre/post the intervention. Results : The results revealed no statistically significant difference between the pass rates of the control group (48.4%) and the intervention group (51%) pre the intervention. While post the intervention, the experimental group's pass rate increased to 92% while the control group was 52% with (p <0.001). In comparing between both groups, the control group showed better performance with (p< 0.001). The experimental group showed very high perception of the mind-mapping approach as well they were strongly connected to gains their scores with (r=0.619, p<0.01). Conclusion : The current study concluded that the mind-mapping learning methodology is superior than the other currently used study methods and that successfully help students in learning subjects by overcoming issues with retention and recall. Recommendations : The study suggested that the mind-mapping learning technique should be implemented as an effective and acceptable teaching technique for nursing students' education.
More results on the distance (signless) Laplacian eigenvalues of graphs

Let $G$ be a connected graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. Let $Tr(G)$ be the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions of $G$ and $D(G)$ be the distance matrix of $G$. The distance Laplacian matrix of $G$ is defined as $\mathcal{L}(G)=Tr(G)-D(G)$. The distance signless Laplacian matrix of $G$ is defined as $\mathcal{Q}(G)=Tr(G)+D(G)$. In this paper, we give a lower bound on the distance Laplacian spectral radius in terms of $D_1$, as a consequence, we show that $\partial_1^L(G)\geq n+\lceil\frac{n}{\omega}\rceil$ where $\omega$ is the clique number of $G$. Furthermore, we give some graft transformations, by using them, we characterize the extremal graph attains the maximum distance spectral radius in terms of $n$ and $\omega$. Moreover, we also give bounds on the distance signless Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$, and give a confirmation on a conjecture due to Aouchiche and Hansen.
Discreteness of ultra‐parallel complex hyperbolic triangle groups of type [m1,m2,0]

In this paper, we consider ultra‐parallel complex hyperbolic triangle groups of type [m1,m2,0] , that is, groups of isometries of the complex hyperbolic plane, generated by complex reflections in three ultra‐parallel complex geodesics two of which intersect on the boundary. We prove some discreteness and non‐discreteness results for these groups and discuss the connection between the discreteness results and ellipticity of certain group elements.
A comparison of the impact of TOVS arid ATOVS satellite sounding data on the accuracy of numerical weather forecasts

The Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) was launched on the NOAA‐15 satellite in May 1998. This provided a very significant improvement in the information available from meteorological polar‐orbiting satellites compared with the previous TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder system, particularly for humidity and vertical resolution of temperature in cloudy areas. In preparation for assimilation of the observations into a three‐dimensional analysis of atmospheric temperature and humidity, the observations have been compared with calculated top‐of‐atmosphere brightness temperatures computed from numerical weather prediction model profiles of temperature and humidity. Differences between observed and modelled brightness temperature are small. In some parts of the tropics and northern hemisphere the standard deviation of these differences for the tropospheric Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit sounding channels is only marginally higher than the radiometric noise of the observations. Early in 1999 a series of observation‐system experiments were completed in which ATOVS observations were assimilated using a one‐dimensional variational analysis. No use of the new humidity information could be made because of interference problems experienced by the microwave humidity sounder on ATOVS. Nonetheless, these experiments showed that the assimilation of the new temperature information provided by the radiance observations reduces forecast errors by as much as 20% in the southern hemisphere and 5% in the northern hemisphere. Further improvements have been found by assimilating more data over land. The major impact arises from the microwave channels. Whilst forward‐model errors may be slightly lower for the microwave channels than the infrared channels the primary reason is the provision of sounding information in active weather systems, which are usually cloudy.
Time resolved studies of laser-produced plasmas of tin

Laser produced plasmas (LPP) of tin offer a promising source of EUV radiation for next generation lithography. By optimizing the laser power density the emission from the unresolved transition array (UTA) in tin can be centered around 13.5 nm thus providing a compact source of EUV light required by the semiconductor industry. However, there remains much to be discovered about the fundamental details of the plasma itself and the conditions for optimizing conversion efficiencies (CE). In the present work we have developed a system to investigate EUV emission from the Sn UTA in the temporal domain. Results are reported for 5, 10 and 50 ns gate widths with 5 ns resolution. The development and collapse of the UTA are shown to closely match the behavior of laser pulse over time.
Development and evaluation of the Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) infection model to study Brucella host-pathogen interaction.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Brucella. These pathogens cause long-lasting infections, a process in which Brucella modifications in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and envelope lipids reduce pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition, thus hampering innate immunity activation. In vivo models are essential to investigate bacterial virulence, mice being the most used model. However, ethical and practical considerations impede their use in high-throughput screening studies. Although lacking the complexity of the mammalian immune system, insects share key-aspects of innate immunity with mammals, and Galleria mellonella has been used increasingly as a model. G. mellonella larvae have been shown useful in virulence analyses, including Gram-negative pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. To assess its potential to study Brucella virulence, we first evaluated larva survival upon infection with representative Brucella species (i.e.B. abortus 2308W, B. microti CCM4915 and B. suis biovar 2) and mutants in the VirB type-IV secretion system (T4SS) or in the LPS-O-polysaccharide (O-PS). As compared to K.pneumoniae, the Brucella spp. tested induced a delayed and less severe mortality profile consistent with an escape of innate immunity detection. Brucella replication within larvae was affected by the lack of O-PS, which is reminiscent of their attenuation in natural hosts. On the contrary, replication was not affected by T4SS dysfunction and the mutant induced only slightly less mortality (not statistically significant) than its parental strain. We also evaluated G. mellonella to efficiently recognise Brucella and their LPS by quantification of the pro-phenoloxidase system and melanisation activation, using Pseudomonas LPS as a positive control. Among the brucellae, only B. microti LPS triggered an early-melanisation response consistent with the slightly increased endotoxicity of this species in mice. Therefore, G. mellonella represents a tool to screen for potential Brucella factors modulating innate immunity, but its usefulness to investigate other mechanisms relevant in Brucella intracellular life is limited.
Heat and moisture flux in the stratified boundary layer

Using simple models for the form of the pressure strain terms in the heat and moisture flux transport equations, it is shown that the magnitude of the heat and moisture flux depends on the cross-correlation coefficient of the temperature and humidity fluctuations. When the temperature and humidity fluctuations are weakly correlated it is shown that the coefficient of eddy conductivity may be significantly different from the coefficient of moisture eddy diffusivity.
Relaxing The Hamilton Jacobi Bellman Equation To Construct Inner And Outer Bounds On Reachable Sets

We consider the problem of overbounding and underbounding both the backward and forward reachable set for a given polynomial vector field, nonlinear in both state and input, with a given semialgebriac set of initial conditions and with inputs constrained pointwise to lie in a semialgebraic set. Specifically, we represent the forward reachable set using the "value function" which gives the optimal cost to go of an optimal control problems and if smooth satisfies the Hamilton-JacobiBellman PDE. We then show that there exist polynomial upper and lower bounds to this value function and furthermore, these polynomial "sub-value" and "super-value" functions provide provable upper and lower bounds to the forward reachable set. Finally, by minimizing the distance between these "sub-value" and "super-value" functions in the L1-norm, we are able to construct inner and outer bounds for the reachable set and show numerically on several examples that for relatively small degree, the Hausdorff distance between these bounds is negligible.
MORINGA OLEIFERA CRUDE EXTRACT AND THE REFERENCE M2-CHANNEL BLOCKER AMANTADINE AS ANTIVIRALS AGAINST THE EGYPTIAN H5N8 ISOLATE, SPECIFICALLY INFLUENZA A/CHICKEN/EGYPT/Q16684C/2019 (H5N8) VIRUS.

Despite that great effort is currently running in the direction of vaccine and drug development, limited number of therapeutics are currently approved against seasonal influenza virus. To limit the spread of the transmission of highly pathogenic influenza (HPAI) viruses including HPAI H5N8 to mammals, it is recommended to control them in their natural and intermediate reservoirs, namely domestic poultry. Herein we aim to test both Moringa oleifera extract against the reference M2-channel blocker amantadine as antivirals against the Egyptian H5N8 isolate, specifically influenza A/chicken/Egypt/Q16684C/2019 (H5N8) virus. Interestingly, beside its high safety on MDCK cells (CC 50 = 15.42 mg/ml), the extract shows a promising and potent antiviral activity (IC 50 = 0.665 µg/ml) against HPAI H5N8, while the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of the amantadine was 56.81 µM. Moringa oleifera extract has shown a very promising effect as an anti-influenza, which makes it worthy of further studies.
DeepHP: A New Gastric Mucosa Histopathology Dataset for Helicobacter pylori Infection Diagnosis

Emerging deep learning-based applications in precision medicine include computational histopathological analysis. However, there is a lack of the required training image datasets to generate classification and detection models. This phenomenon occurs mainly due to human factors that make it difficult to obtain well-annotated data. The present study provides a curated public collection of histopathological images (DeepHP) and a convolutional neural network model for diagnosing gastritis. Images from gastric biopsy histopathological exams were used to investigate the performance of the proposed model in detecting gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori infection. The DeepHP database comprises 394,926 histopathological images, of which 111 K were labeled as Helicobacter pylori positive and 283 K were Helicobacter pylori negative. We investigated the classification performance of three Convolutional Neural Network architectures. The models were tested and validated with two distinct image sets of 15% (59K patches) chosen randomly. The VGG16 architecture showed the best results with an Area Under the Curve of 0.998%. The results showed that CNN could be used to classify histopathological images from gastric mucosa with marked precision. Our model evidenced high potential and application in the computational pathology field.
Targeting FGF21 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: from mechanism to medicine

Cardiovascular and metabolic disease (CVMD) is becoming increasingly prevalent in developed and developing countries with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has attracted intensive research interest due to its purported role as a potential biomarker and critical player in CVMDs, including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, heart failure, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. This review summarizes the recent developments in investigating the role of FGF21 in CVMDs and explores the mechanism whereby FGF21 regulates the development of CVMDs. Novel molecular targets and related pathways of FGF21 (adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, silent information regulator 1, autophagy-related molecules, and gut microbiota-related molecules) are highlighted in this review. Considering the poor pharmacokinetics and biophysical properties of native FGF21, the development of new generations of FGF21-based drugs has tremendous therapeutic potential. Related preclinical and clinical studies are also summarized in this review to foster clinical translation. Thus, our review provides a timely and insightful overview of the physiology, biomarker potential, molecular targets, and therapeutic potential of FGF21 in CVMDs.
Effect of Military Spending on Private Investment in Nigeria: Does Crowding-Out Effect Exist?

This study adopts ARDL and VAR estimation methods to examine whether military spending crowd-out or crowd-in private investment in Nigeria. We use the data that covers the period from 1970 to 2019. Our results, based on the ARDL method, show that military spending only crowds-out private investment in the short run. In the long run, military spending crowds in private investment. The results are robust to the use of alternative estimation methods. Specifically, IRF results show that military spending has a contemporaneous negative effect on private investment. However, the negative effect turns positive after the third period. Also, FEVD results show that most of the variation in private investment is explained by its shock and few by military spending. Our findings have policy implications. While it is advisable to spend more on the military to curtail the activities of insurgents, bandits and kidnappers and to restore confidence in investors, it is important also to take cognisance of the fact that military spending can crowd out private investment.
Optimal Venttsel Boundary Control of Parabolic Equations

In this paper we study the optimality condition for the Venttsel boundary control of a parabolic equation, that is, the state of the dynamic system is governed by a parabolic equation together with an initial condition while the control is applied to the system via the Venttsel boundary condition. A first order necessary condition is derived for the optimal solution in the case of both unconstrained and constrained problems. The condition is also sufficient for the unconstrained problem.
White dwarf–main sequence binaries identified within SDSS DR7 and UKIDSS DR5

We develop optical and near-infrared colour-selection criteria based on the model colours of binaries consisting of a white dwarf and a main-sequence star. Using our colour-selection algorithm, we present a catalogue of 523 white dwarfmain sequence (WDMS) binaries from the spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7), most of them previously identified. Among them, we identify 86 objects as new WDMS binaries. 95 WDMS candidates are also found from the photometric SDSS DR7, cross-matched with the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) Infrared Sky Survey Data Release 5 (UKIDSS DR5). Based on a chi 2 minimization technique, we derive independent stellar parameters such as the effective temperatures, surface gravities, masses and distances of the white dwarfs and secondary stars and the metallicities of the secondaries. Meanwhile, we determine the cooling age via interpolation through evolutionary models for the effective temperature and surface gravity of each DA white dwarf. Distributions of these stellar parameters have been used to study both the general properties and the completeness of WDMS binaries. A comparison between the distances measured to the white dwarfs and the secondary stars shows a clear trend towards higher distances for the white dwarf component. It is found that the mean cooling age of the WDMS sample is (t) over bar cool similar to 4.2x108? yr and our sample contains at least 11? per cent old systems, which were formed about 1.0 x 109? yr ago. The new and updated WDMS binaries will improve the completeness of the catalogue of WDMS binaries.