Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M-CSF induces a coordinated myeloid and NK cell differentiation program protecting against CMV after hematopoietic cell transplantation

Immunosuppressed patients are highly susceptible to viral infections. Therapies reconstituting autologous antiviral immunocompetence could therefore represent an important prophylaxis and treatment. Herpesviridae including cytomegalovirus (CMV) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Here, we show in a mouse model of HCT that macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF/CSF-1), a key cytokine for myeloid and monocytic differentiation, promoted rapid antiviral activity and protection from viremia caused by murine CMV. Mechanistically, M-CSF stimulated a coordinated myeloid and natural killer (NK) cell differentiation program culminating in increased NK cell numbers and production of granzyme B and interferon-γ. This NK cell response depended upon M-CSF-induced myelopoiesis leading to IL15Rα-mediated presentation of IL-15 on monocytes. Furthermore, M-CSF also induced differentiation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells producing type I interferons, which supported IL-15-mediated protection. In the context of human HCT, M-CSF induced monopoiesis, increased IL15Rα expression on monocytes and elevated numbers of functionally competent NK cells in G-CSF-mobilized human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Together, our data show that M-CSF induces an integrated multistep differentiation program that culminates in increased NK cell numbers and activation, thereby protecting graft recipients from CMV infection. Thus, our results identify a mechanism by which M-CSF-induced myelopoiesis can rapidly reconstitute antiviral activity during leukopenia following HCT. Key points M-CSF protects from lethal CMV viremia during leukopenia following hematopoietic cell transplantation, a vulnerable period of immunosuppression. Early action of M-CSF on donor hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells rapidly reconstitutes antiviral immune responses. M-CSF stimulates a coordinated myeloid-NK cell-differentiation program resulting in increased NK cell numbers and activity. Increased NK cell differentiation and activity depends on M-CSF-induced myelopoiesis generating IL-15-producing monocytes and I-IFN-producing pDCs. M-CSF also stimulates monopoiesis, IL15Ra expression in monocytes and functional NK cell differentiation in G-CSF-mobilized human PBMC. No impaired HCT engraftment or proclivity to graft-versus-host-disease by M-CSF. M-CSF could provide a single cytokine therapy addressing a major medical need, supporting current antiviral therapies during leukopenia following HCT. Visual abstract One Sentence Summary M-CSF drives myeloid reconstitution to support CMV-directed natural killer cell competence via IL-15/I-IFN after hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Intravital microscopy of satellite cell dynamics and their interaction with myeloid cells during skeletal muscle regeneration

Skeletal muscle regeneration requires the highly coordinated cooperation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) with other cellular components. However, due to technical limitations, it remains unclear how MuSCs dynamically interact with non-myogenic cells, especially myeloid cells, in live animals. In this work, we developed a dual-laser multimodal nonlinear optical microscope platform to serve as an effective tool for studying the real-time interaction between MuSCs and non-myogenic cells during the early phase of muscle regeneration. Increased cell volume and mitochondrial mass, cell density, and myotube formation are indicative of MuSCs activation/growth, proliferation, and differentiation, respectively. Using 3D time-lapse imaging on live reporter mice containing both red fluorescence protein (RFP)-labeled macrophages and yellow fluorescence protein (YFP)-labeled MuSCs, and taking advantages of the autofluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), we monitored the real-time spatiotemporal interaction between RFP+ macrophages/RFP- non-myogenic cells and YFP+ muscle stem/progenitor cells during the activation and the proliferation stages of regeneration. Our results indicated that their cell-cell contact was transient in nature. By inhibiting macrophage infiltration, we further showed that direct cell-cell contact between macrophages and MuSCs was not required for early activation of MuSCs before the proliferation stage. However, decreased macrophage infiltration impeded the proliferation and differentiation of MuSCs and also led to intramuscular fibrosis. Besides, neutrophil depletion in the CCR2 deficient mice did not delay the initial growth of MuSCs. These findings provide a new perspective on myeloid cells’ role during muscle regeneration.
On a conjecture of Artin and Tate

In [20] it is shown that if (T) is assumed to hold for X/k, then it follows that Br(X) (non-p), the subgroup of Br(X) of elements of order prime to p, is finite and has the order predicted by (A-T). The proof of this makes heavy use of the known properties of l-adic etale cohomology. In attempting to extend this result to include the p-part, three essential difficulties arise. Firstly, the different components of the formula in (A-T) are described by two different cohomology theories; viz., Br(X) and NS(X) are described by the flat cohomology and P2(t) by the crystalline cohomology. Secondly, neither the flat nor the crystalline cohomology is as well understood as the etale cohomology. Thirdly, the p-part of (A-T) seems genuinely to have
Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry Across the Lifespan Using CentileBrain: Algorithm Benchmarking and Model Optimization

We present an empirically benchmarked framework for sex-specific normative modeling of brain morphometry that can inform about the biological and behavioral significance of deviations from typical age-related neuroanatomical changes and support future study designs. This framework was developed using regional morphometric data from 37,407 healthy individuals (53% female; aged 3–90 years) following a comparative evaluation of eight algorithms and multiple covariate combinations pertaining to image acquisition and quality, parcellation software versions, global neuroimaging measures, and longitudinal stability. The Multivariate Factorial Polynomial Regression (MFPR) emerged as the preferred algorithm optimized using nonlinear polynomials for age and linear effects of global measures as covariates. The MFPR models showed excellent accuracy across the lifespan and within distinct age-bins, and longitudinal stability over a 2-year period. The performance of all MFPR models plateaued at sample sizes exceeding 3,000 study participants. The model and scripts described here are freely available through CentileBrain (https://centilebrain.org/).
Live imaging of excitable axonal microdomains in ankyrin-G-GFP mice

The axon initial segment (AIS) constitutes not only the site of action potential initiation, but also a hub for activity-dependent modulation of output generation. Recent studies shedding light on AIS function used predominantly post hoc approaches since no robust murine in vivo live reporters exist. Here, we introduce a reporter line in which the AIS is intrinsically labeled by an ankyrin-G-GFP fusion protein activated by Cre recombinase, tagging the native Ank3 gene. Using confocal, superresolution, and two-photon microscopy as well as whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo, we confirm that the subcellular scaffold of the AIS and electrophysiological parameters of labelled cells remain unchanged. We further uncover rapid AIS remodeling following increased network activity in this model system, as well as highly reproducible in vivo labeling of AIS over weeks. This novel reporter line allows longitudinal studies of AIS modulation and plasticity in vivo in real time and thus provides a unique approach to study subcellular plasticity in a broad range of applications.
A Catalog of Spectroscopically Identified White Dwarfs

A catalog of 2249 white dwarfs which have been identified spectroscopically is presented complete through 1996 April. This compilation is the fourth edition of the Villanova Catalog of Spectroscopically Identified White Dwarfs. For each degenerate star, the following data entries with references are provided: (1) a catalog coordinate designation or WD number, in order of right ascension; (2) the right ascension and declination for epoch 1950.0; (3) the spectral type based upon the new system; (4) a catalog symbol denoting binary membership; (5) a list of most names known to exist for a given star; (6) proper motion and position angle; (7) broadband UBV photometry, V, B-V, U-B; (8) multichannel spectrophotometry, v(MC), g-r; (9) Strömgren narrowband photometry, y, b-y, u-b; (10) an absolute visual magnitude based upon the best available color-magnitude calibration or trigonometric parallax; (11) the observed radial velocity uncorrected for gravitational redshift or solar motion; and (12) the trigonometric parallax with mean error when available. Notes for unusual or peculiar stars and a coded Reference Key alphabetized by the first author's last name are presented, as well as an expanded table cross-referencing all names to the catalog WD number. An introduction and full descriptions of the entries are provided in the text.
Inti: Indoor Tracking with Solar Cells

Solar cells are mainly used as power sources, but can be used for sensing as well. We propose a novel indoor sys-tem that exploits solar cells to track people by monitoring the changes in light intensity caused by their shadows and reﬂec-tions as they walk by. Our framework has three main components. First, we develop a simulator based on a ray-tracing model to determine how the solar cells should be positioned in the tracking environment to maximize the signal to noise ratio. Next, we apply changepoint detection methods to convert the (noisy) solar cell signal into a binary detection signal. Our detection method uses a Bayesian approach, which allows our system to work well in various environments, with natural and artiﬁcal light. Finally, the binary output from multiple solar cells is fused to track multiple targets. The tracking engine is based on a particle ﬁlter implementation based on the probability hypothesis density ﬁlter. This approach allows us to perform tracking without knowing the actual number of targets in the environment. To evaluate our framework, we build small tags that consist of a solar cell, a micro-controller and a wireless module, and deploy them in a real apartment. Ours results show that our system allows solar cells to track people under different lighting conditions, during day and night.
Retiring $\Delta$DP: New Distribution-Level Metrics for Demographic Parity

Demographic parity is the most widely recognized measure of group fairness in machine learning, which ensures equal treatment of different demographic groups. Numerous works aim to achieve demographic parity by pursuing the commonly used metric $\Delta DP$. Unfortunately, in this paper, we reveal that the fairness metric $\Delta DP$ can not precisely measure the violation of demographic parity, because it inherently has the following drawbacks: i) zero-value $\Delta DP$ does not guarantee zero violation of demographic parity, ii) $\Delta DP$ values can vary with different classification thresholds. To this end, we propose two new fairness metrics, Area Between Probability density function Curves (ABPC) and Area Between Cumulative density function Curves (ABCC), to precisely measure the violation of demographic parity at the distribution level. The new fairness metrics directly measure the difference between the distributions of the prediction probability for different demographic groups. Thus our proposed new metrics enjoy: i) zero-value ABCC/ABPC guarantees zero violation of demographic parity; ii) ABCC/ABPC guarantees demographic parity while the classification thresholds are adjusted. We further re-evaluate the existing fair models with our proposed fairness metrics and observe different fairness behaviors of those models under the new metrics. The code is available at https://github.com/ahxt/new_metric_for_demographic_parity
Accurate spin-dependent electron liquid correlation energies for local spin density calculations: a critical analysis

We assess various approximate forms for the correlation energy per particle of the spin-polarized homogeneous electron gas that have frequently been used in applications of the local spin density approximation to the exchange-correlation energy functional. By accurately recalculating the RPA correlation energy as a function of electron density and spin polarization we demonstrate the inadequacies of the usual approximation for interpolating between the para- and ferro-magnetic states and present an accurate new interpolation formula. A Pade approximant technique is used to accurately interpolate the recent Monte Carlo results (para and ferro) of Ceperley and Alder into the important range of densities for atoms, molecules, and metals. These results can be combined with the RPA spin-dependence so as to produce a correlation energy for a spin-polarized homogeneous electron gas with an estimated maximum error of 1 mRy and thus should reliably determine the magnitude of non-local corrections to the local spin.
Few-distance sets

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication
Constructive and Synthetic Reducibility Degrees: Post's Problem for Many-One and Truth-Table Reducibility in Coq

We present a constructive analysis and machine-checked theory of one-one, many-one, and truth-table reductions based on synthetic computability theory in the Calculus of Inductive Constructions, the type theory underlying the proof assistant Coq. We give elegant, synthetic, and machine-checked proofs of Post’s landmark results that a simple predicate exists, is enumerable, undecidable, but many-one incomplete (Post’s problem for many-one reducibility), and a hypersimple predicate exists, is enumerable, undecidable, but truth-table incomplete (Post’s problem for truth-table reducibility). In synthetic computability, one assumes axioms allowing to carry out computability theory with all definitions and proofs purely in terms of functions of the type theory with no mention of a model of computation. Proofs can focus on the essence of the argument, without having to sacrifice formality. Synthetic computability also clears the lense for constructivisation. Our constructively careful definition of simple and hypersimple predicates allows us to not assume classical axioms, not even Markov’s principle, still yielding the expected strong results. 2012
A review of shared control in automated vehicles: System evaluation

Shared control has gained considerable attention in the automated vehicle field in recent years, both from a theoretical point of view and also with multiple applications. The development of shared control systems was discussed in a previous review, which presented a taxonomy focused on control algorithms. However, it is still necessary to understand how these systems should be assessed in terms of system performance, driver behavior, cooperation, and road safety. This paper aims to review and classify evaluation methods used in recent studies with real drivers. Results of the present review showed that shared control continues to be of interest to researchers of automated vehicles. The methodology for system evaluation has evolved, with more participants, better testing platforms, and a greater number of comparison baselines. To guide the path toward implementing shared control features in commercial vehicles, this review aims to help researchers to perform relevant evaluation studies in future developments.
“They just wanted to move on”: A qualitative study on the experiences of Black students in classroom discussions on race

The current study used qualitative methods to explore what classroom conversations around race and social justice look like for Black high school students and the role of technology in these conversations at a time when most students were engaged in hybrid or distance learning. Through semi-structured interviews, 16 students recounted their experiences discussing contemporary racial justice issues in school. Participants recalled experiences throughout their schooling in traditional classrooms and more recent incidents in the context of distance learning. Findings revealed that Black students take on much of the labor of educating their classmates and teachers about racial justice issues in class. They also highlighted the importance of safety when having these conversations. Concerning those discussions occurring in virtual settings, students described how technology promoted an environment in which Black students felt safer having these dialogues. Findings from this study emphasize the complex roles that Black students play in cultivating learning environments that raise the critical racial consciousness of everyone in the classroom, including teachers. Digital classrooms and spaces can also potentially serve as an environment in which Black students feel safe to explore and express their perspectives fully. These findings also further highlight the need to build the capacity of educators to facilitate conversations and hold space for all students to make sense of and cope when issues of racial injustice are at play and affecting students’ lives and mental health.
A prediction model of clinical outcomes in prolonged disorders of consciousness: A prospective cohort study

Objective This study aimed to establish and validate a prediction model for clinical outcomes in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC). Methods A total of 170 patients with pDOC enrolled in our rehabilitation unit were included and divided into training (n = 119) and validation sets (n = 51). Independent predictors for improved clinical outcomes were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a nomogram model was established. The nomogram performance was quantified using receiver operating curve (ROC) and calibration curves in the training and validated sets. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this nomogram model. Results Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that age, diagnosis at entry, serum albumin (g/L), and pupillary reflex were the independent prognostic factors that were used to construct the nomogram. The area under the curve in the training and validation sets was 0.845 and 0.801, respectively. This nomogram model showed good calibration with good consistency between the actual and predicted probabilities of improved outcomes. The DCA demonstrated a higher net benefit in clinical decision-making compared to treating all or none. Conclusion Several feasible, cost-effective prognostic variables that are widely available in hospitals can provide an efficient and accurate prediction model for improved clinical outcomes and support clinicians to offer suitable clinical care and decision-making to patients with pDOC and their family members.
Specific profiles of new-onset vs. non-inaugural status epilepticus: From diagnosis to 1-year outcome

While new-onset status epilepticus (NOSE) is a harbinger of chronic epilepsy, prospective medical data are sparse in terms of specifying whether the evolution of status epilepticus (SE) and seizure expression in NOSE resembles what occurs in patients who have already been diagnosed with epilepsy [non-inaugural SE (NISE)] in all aspects apart from its inaugural nature. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical, MRI, and EEG features that could distinguish NOSE from NISE. We conducted a prospective monocentric study in which all patients ≥18 years admitted for SE over a 6-month period were included. A total of 109 patients (63 NISE and 46 NOSE cases) were included. Despite similar modified Rankin scores before SE, several aspects of the clinical history distinguished NOSE from NISE patients. NOSE patients were older and frequently had neurological comorbidity and preexisting cognitive decline, but they had a similar prevalence of alcohol consumption to NISE patients. NOSE and NISE evolve in the same proportions as refractory SE (62.5% NOSE, 61% NISE) and share common features such as the same incidence (33% NOSE, 42% NISE, and p = 0.53) and volumes of peri-ictal abnormalities on MRI. However, in NOSE patients, we observed greater non-convulsive semiology (21.7% NOSE, 6% NISE, and p = 0.02), more periodic lateral discharges on EEG (p = 0.004), later diagnosis, and higher severity according to the STESS and EMSE scales (p < 0.0001). Mortality occurred in 32.6% of NOSE patients and 21% of NISE patients at 1 year (p = 0.19), but with different causes of death occurring at different time points: more early deaths directly linked to SE at 1 month occurred in the NOSE group, while there were more remote deaths linked to causal brain lesions in the NISE group at final follow-up. In survivors, 43.6% of the NOSE cases developed into epilepsy. Despite acute causal brain lesions, the novelty related to its inaugural nature is still too often associated with a delay in diagnosing SE and a poorer outcome, which justifies the need to more clearly specify the various types of SE to constantly raise awareness among clinicians. These results highlight the relevance of including novelty-related criteria, clinical history, and temporality of occurrence in the nosology of SE.
Over 10 GHz lateral silicon photodetector fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrate by CMOS-compatible process

We report a design and implementation of lateral silicon photodetectors fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate in a complementary CMOS-compatible process. In addition, we disscuss the structure dependences on the frequency and optimum design for a maximum bandwidth. A standard device fabricated with a 210 nm absorbing layer, a finger width of 1.00 µm, a finger spacing of 1.63 µm, a square detector area of 20 × 20 µm2, and a pad size of 60 × 60 µm2 achieved a bandwidth of 12.6 GHz at a bias voltage of 10 V, with a responsivity of 7.5 mA/W at 850 nm wavelength. A photodetector with the same geometry, which was fabricated with a smaller pad size of 30 × 30 µm2, exhibited a bandwidth of 13.6 GHz.