Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The compliance of free folic acid supplements among pregnant women in rural areas of Northwestern China: The role of related knowledge

Background High prevalence of neural tube defects remains one of the major threats to newborns in rural China. Folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy can effectively reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Despite the efforts of the free folic acid mass distribution, the actual usage of folic acid supplements was still suboptimal among rural pregnant women in China. The objective of this study is to investigate if and how knowledge can influence the picking up and intake of the free folic acid supplements distributed by the government. Methods We collected survey data from 821 pregnant women in rural areas of Shaanxi, China, in March and December of 2021. Face-to-face interviews and questionnaire surveys were conducted with every participant. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to test the relationship between knowledge and dependent variables. Results Our study found that there were 76.4% of pregnant women would pick up folic acid supplements distributed by the government and only 44.5% of women would use folic acid before current pregnancy. Awareness of folic acid policy both affects the picking up (OR: 6.708, 95% CI: 4.672–9.632) and periconceptional intake (OR: 1.912, 95% CI:1.326–2.758) of folic acid supplements. Knowledge of health and nutrition in pregnancy showed no significant relationship with the picking up and periconceptional intake of folic acid supplements but was positively associated with the intake duration (Coefficient: 9.278, 95% CI: 2.966–15.591). Conclusion Despite the relatively high level of picking up, the actual folic acid usage was not ideal among pregnant women in rural areas of China. Folic acid policy awareness was positively associated with the picking up and intake of folic acid before and during conception. Knowledge of health and nutrition about pregnancy was related to a longer duration of folic acid intake but had no impact on the picking up rate and periconceptional intake of folic acid supplements.
Serum Paraoxonase-1 Activity in Dairy Cattle and its Association with Dystocia

The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity at the prepartum and postpartum stages in Holstein cows and to examine the relation between PON1 activity and dystocia. The 2nd objective of this study was to describe prepartum and postpartum serum concentrations of other relevant blood parameters and their associations with dystocia risk. Initially, 200 Holstein and 65 Holstein x Black home crosbreed cows, aged 3-8 year, were selected for this study. Samples were taken both in the 7th month of pregnancy and within the first 15 min postpartum. At the end of pregnancy, the cows were divided into two groups according to the type of birth: Difficult labour and normal labour. PON1 activities measured in the prepartum samples were significantly higher than in postpartum samples from cows which had normal or difficult labour. Although, PON1 activity from cows with dystocia was lower both pre-and postpartum, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, there was a tendency to decreased PON1 activities in the case of absolute birth weight and twins. Evaluation of cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, albumin, globulin and alkaline phosphatase levels does not appear to be useful in the assessment of dystocia. However, increased serum creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB may be a parameter which could be used in diagnosing dytocia in pregnancy.
An actuarial model for AIDS

THIS paper describes fully the actuarial model used by the Institute of Actuaries AIDS Working Party for the calculations presented in AIDS Bulletins Nos 1, 2, and 3. The model is described in terms of states: Clear, At Risk, Positive, Immune (not in fact used by the Working Party), Sick and Dead. Conditional on a given starting position, the proportions in each state at future times are governed by a series of differential equations, which are mostly of the usual actuarial type. However, the representation of infection follows a more complex epidemi-ological model.
Impact of electronic prescription on the job descriptions of community pharmacy staff in Finland – a survey of pharmacy owners

A fully operational and nationwide electronic prescription (ePrescription) system has been implemented by law in Finland. The aim was to explore the impact of ePrescription on the job descriptions of pharmaceutical and technical staff in Finnish community pharmacies from the pharmacy owners’ perspective. The effects of ePrescription on measures related to equipment and furnishings in pharmacies were also explored.
The effect of hip position and electromyographic biofeedback training on the vastus medialis oblique: vastus lateralis ratio.

OBJECTIVE PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME IS A PATELLAR TRACKING DYSFUNCTION USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH VASTUS MEDIALIS OBLIQUE (VMO) WEAKNESS, AND SUBSEQUENTLY, A SMALL VMO: vastus lateralis (VL) ratio. Several early electromyographic (EMG) studies have defined specific limb positions (such as external rotation of the hip) that preferentially activate the VMO. However, whether preferential activation of the VMO successfully translates into increased VMO:VL ratios with training has not been investigated. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of hip rotation on the mean VMO:VL EMG ratio using EMG biofeedback training over a 5-day period. DESIGN AND SETTING Subjects performed isometric quadriceps contractions, in terminal extension, in 1 of 3 hip positions: the anatomically neutral hip position (group A), external hip rotation (group B), and internal hip rotation (group C). Pretest to posttest data were analyzed with a 3 (group) x 2 (test) analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last factor. SUBJECTS Thirty-six healthy female college students with no known right knee musculoskeletal dysfunction. MEASUREMENTS Activity of the VMO and VL was recorded by EMG and reported as the VMO:VL ratio. RESULTS The main effect for group was not significant, but the main effect for test was significant. No significant interaction between group and test was noted. CONCLUSIONS The statistical analysis of our results suggests that hip position during EMG biofeedback training has no effect on the VMO:VL ratio. However, because subjects were able to significantly increase their VMO:VL ratio in 5 days regardless of hip position, EMG biofeedback can be recommended for the facilitation of VMO muscular recruitment.
Heart rate and blood pressure responses to +Gz following varied-duration -Gz.

BACKGROUND The push-pull effect has been defined previously as decreased +Gz tolerance caused by previous baseline zero or -Gz exposure. Earlier work indicates that the delay in BP (BP) recovery during +Gz is a function of time at -G7, and is due to the lengthened time-course of sympathetically mediated peripheral vasoconstriction. HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine whether heart rate (HR) varies with BP as duration at preceding -Gz increased. METHODS Continuous ECG R-R interval data from 15 s of +2.25Gz after preceding 2, 5, 10, or 15 s at 2Gz obtained from previous experiments were analyzed and compared with the previously reported BP data. Repeated measures ANOVA and regression analyses were used to compare +2.25Gz HR responses after the four -Gz conditions and one control +2.25Gz condition. RESULTS An initial rapid rise in HR was observed for all conditions with a consistent steady-state plateau achieved after the first 7 s of +2.25Gz. However, there were significant differences in mean HR attained during the +2.25Gz plateau for preceding 15 s -2.0 Gz vs. the control, 2, 5, and 10s -Gz conditions (109+/-1.1 vs. 102+/-1.8, 100+/-2.0, 97+/-1.1 and 101+/-1.1, bpm, respectively; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HR, unlike BP, increases briskly across all preceding -Gz time conditions, adapting within the initial baroreflex-compensatory time frame typically expected for +Gz exposures. These results suggest there may be a threshold effect for HR response. Consequently, vasoconstrictor response is a critical adaptive mechanism during +Gz when preceded by long (>10 s) -Gz exposures.
Oestrogen receptor status and histopathological grade of primary breast carcinoma as determined by irnmunohistochemical assay

Immunohistochemical assay was performed for oestrogen receptors (ER) on postmastectomy specimens of 66 histologically confirmed cases of primary breast carcinoma. All the cases were non-pregnant black African women aged 18 years and above and had not had prior anti-cancer therapy. The mastectomy specimens were fixed in formal saline and embedded in paraffin wax and subjected to routine histopathological procedures. They were graded according to the G-histopathological classification. The majority (62.1%) of the tumours were of the G2 (moderate) grade. A total of 27(65.9%) of them were ER positive. The G1 (well differentiated) and G3 (poorly differentiated) grades were equally represented. The results showed no association between the ER status and the histopathological grade of the carcinoma.
Prognostische Faktoren der Malaria tropica - Ergebnisse einer Evaluationsstudie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1963-1988

A retrospective study was performed on all cases of malaria recorded in the Federal Republic of Germany between 1963 and 1988. The questionnaires evaluated by the Federal Bureau of Public Health showed a total of 8049 cases, of which 3991 concerned malaria tropica, and 173 deaths. During this 26-year period, 90 % of the patients suffering from malaria tropica had contracted the disease in Africa. Deaths from malaria had shown a constant figure of almost 10 % between 1963 and 1978, but after that there was a distinct drop. Differentiated analysis revealed that between 1979 and 1988 the death rate for malaria tropica acquired in Africa had been 3.3%. This was clearly dependent on chemoprophylaxis behaviour, on the time of initiation of treatment and on the age of the patients; if tablets were taken regularly, the death rate was 2.3% rising to 3.1% on irregular intake and to 5.4% without chemoprophylaxis
Norovirus Infection in Community Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Savar Area, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Aims: We sought to investigate norovirus burden in patients with complications of acute gastroenteritis in community level in Bangladesh. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect the incidence of norovirus in stool samples collected from study subjects with acute gastroenteritis who attended voluntarily in different community clinics at Savar area, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: The study enrolled patients from different community clinics in Savar area during July 2012 to December 2012. Stool specimens were collected in supplied stool container from patients as part of their diagnostic procedure. Viral RNA was extracted from the samples using the QIAamp® viral RNA mini kit (Qiagen, Germany). Real-time RT-PCR assay was conducted to identify different norovirus genogroups in the stool samples. Results: We detected norovirus exclusively in 23.8% (10/42) of the stool samples where rotavirus was absent. Over 80% patients were aged less than 2 years and all 10 norovirus-positive samples were detected within this age range (P = 0.17). Detection rates for norovirus was the highest in July and the lowest in November among the months covered in the study. Genogroup analysis of detected noroviruses showed 1(10%) as GI, 8 (80%) as GII and the remaining 1 (10%) as the mixture of GI and GII genogroups. Conclusions: This study has provided baseline incidence of norovirus diarrhea in patients attended at community hospitals in Savar area, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The infections were exclusively in children aged less than two years. Norovirus genogroup-II was predominant in the community infections covered under this study.
The central venous catheter in the assay of acid base status.

: There is no claim of precedence in these underrecognized observations. There are risks accepted in the name of precision to obtain arterial blood gases when central venous determinations would be available, safe and more than adequately describe the acid base status of the patient. By subtracting 4.10 torr from the mixed venous carbon dioxide tension and adding 0.06 to the venous pH, the arterial values are quite accurately approximated. A central venous catheter is a safe, convenient, reliable access for the administration of intercardiac medications.
Depression correlated with cellular immunity in systemic immunodeficient Epstein-Barr virus syndrome (SIDES).

: We conducted studies on the peripheral blood of 12 depressed patients with previous diagnoses of mood and/or personality disorders. These patients, and other depressives we observed informally, were resistant to infectious mononucleosis during an epidemic of that illness. All 12 had serologic evidence of a chronic or recrudescent viremia caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the infectious agent in infectious mononucleosis. Additional evidence that EBV viremia may be causally related to depression was provided by a strong correlation between the intensity of depressive symptoms and the cellular immune response to the EBV infection.
Ocular findings associated with hypertelorism

PURPOSE: To show that in hypertelorism (a horizontal orbital dystopia in which interorbital distance is increased) there are various ophthalmologic abnormalities associated: strabismus, nystagmus, amblyopia, refractive errors, palpebral malpositions, lacrimal system imperforation, fundoscopic and anterior segment lesions. We want to show that the frequence and severity of ophthalmic findings are associated to the severity of hypertelorism. But the evolution and treatment of ocular findings is independent from the treatment of this orbital dystopia. METHODS: We have studied 12 cases of hypertelorism. We made a previous ophthalmologic examination which included: visual acuity, ocular motility, cycloplegic refraction, palpebral statics, lacrimal system, slit lamp and fundoscopic examination. All four walls of each orbit are osteotomized to free them from the frontal, zygomatic, maxillary, nasal and sphenoid bones in surgical correction of hypertelorism. RESULTS: Amblyopia and strabismus appeared in 58.3% of patients each of them, being exotropias the most common. The most frequent refractive error was hypermetropia (40%). Other ocular findings were: ptosis, lacrimal system impermeability, heterochromic iris, optic disk hypoplasia and enophthalmos. None of the deffects was modified after surgical correction of hypertelorism. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmologic findings associated with hypertelorism are not caused by the deformity. They are more frequent as higher the severity of the hypertelorism is. The ocular findings do not modify after surgical treatment of hypertelorism, except if we treat them specifically.
Temporal Effect of Varying Doses of Clonidineon the Fasting Blood Glucose Levels of Sprague Dawley Rats

Background Primarily used as a centrally-acting anti-hypertensive drug, clonidine has also been shown to affect blood glucose determinants by acting on peripheral α-2 adrenoreceptors. However, the studies which investigate the effect of clonidine on blood glucose levels yielded conflicting results depending on conditions applied. Methods Thirty-five (35) adult male SpragueDawley rats weighing 140-330 grams were randomly and equally assigned to five treatment groups of varying clonidine doses: 1, 2, 4, 7μg/kg and 0.9% NaCl (control). The doses were administered intra-peritoneally after fasting the rats for 18 hours. Whole blood samples (at least 1 μl) were obtained via tail pricking/tail lancing and measured for glucose levels using a commercially available glucometer (One-touch Ultra ®) 1 hour before injection to get baseline blood glucose levels and every hour for 8 hours after injection to measure changes in blood glucose levels. The rats remained fasted until after the 8-hour monitoring period. Data were analyzed using t-test, Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and Tukey LSD at 95% confidence interval (α=0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) reflecting the cumulative blood glucose level within the first 8-hour monitoring period for each dosage was computed. Results Significant differences among fasting blood glucose levels of 2, 4, 7 μg/kg and control groups were observed at the 1 to 4 hour after injection, with the treatment groups having higher glucose levels than the control group. No significant difference was observed between the 1 μg/kg group and control group. At the 5 hour onwards, no significant difference was noted among treatment means. Cumulative dose effect of clonidine (AUC) showed a significant rise in glucose at 4 and 7 μg/kg with apparent saturation at 4 μg/kg when plotted in a dose-response curve. Conclusions Intraperitoneal administration of clonidine significantly increases blood glucose levels when administered at 2, 4 and 7 μg/kg with peak effect at 1 to 3 hour post injection and no significant difference starting at 5 hour post-injection onwards. Optimal dosage is found to be at 4 μg/kg.
Gabapentin-Assisted Benzodiazepine Withdrawal In A Multidrug Dependent Patient

There is an increasing interest in anticonvulsants for the treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal, and among the newer substances gabapentin seems particularly promising due to its gabaergic and its glutamate-antagonistic activity. We present the case of a rapid benzodiazepine-withdrawal controlled successfully with gabapentin.
Rhinosinusitis: Clinical Features Seen In Sagamu, Nigeria

A retrospective evaluation of the clinical features of rhinosinusitis seen in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu Nigeria over a five-year period between January 2002 and December 2006. 131 cases of rhinosinusitis were analysed with M: F=1:1.05. The mean age was 36.7years. The three major presenting symptoms were mucoid nasal discharge 90(68.7%), nasal obstruction/congestion 80 (61.1%) and excessive sneezing 61(46.6%). 75.6% of the patients presented after three months of onset of symptoms. Oedematous nasal mucosa 94 (71.8%), engorged nasal turbinates 93(71.0%), mucopurulent anterior rhinorrhoea 37(28.2%) and polypoidal nasal growth 21(16.0%) were the common nasal examination findings. 69.5% of the patients had abnormalities on plain X-rays, most of which were in the maxillary sinuses. 27.5% of the patients had other associated nasal diseases or complications while the two common individual nasal diseases diagnosed were allergic rhinosinusitis (40.5%) and infective rhinosinusitis (29.8%). Better health education of our patients and need for early specialist referrals were emphasized.
Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition

Pickling C. botulinumtoxin formation in finished product Maximum finished product pH in the loin muscle of 5.0 Finished product pH in the loin muscle Collect sample of product from each pickling tank at the end of each pickling cycle and analyze for pH using a pH meter Each pickling tank, each cycle QC personnel Continue pickling process until pH meets the CL Analytical results Daily calibration of pH meter
Parental Leave and Child Health Across OECD Countries

To understand the relationship between parental leave and child health better, this study examines the aggregate effects of parental leave policies on child health outcomes using data from 18 OECD countries 1 from 1969–2000. The focus is investigating the effects of both jobprotected paid leave and other leave – including non-job-protected paid leave and unpaid leave – on child health outcomes, more specifically, infant mortality rates, low birth weight and child immunisation coverage. This study explores the effects of other social policies related to families and young children, such as public expenditures on family cash benefits, family allowances, and family services per child, on child health outcomes.
Histologic Prognosticators in Stage I Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva

Sixty-four cases of stage I vulvar squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed histologically to define a patient subset at minimum risk for recurrence or nodal metastases. Three patterns of invasion were predefined: carcinoma in situ with early stromal invasion (33%), pushing (8%), and infiltrative (59%). Infiltrative pattern and invasion deeper than 1.5 mm equally predicted nodal metastases (P = .045), although depth measurement in biopsy specimens was subject to sampling error. Confluence and absence of carcinoma in situ each predicted extranodal recurrence (P = .011). Local recurrence appeared more related to inadequate surgical margins than failure to perform radical vulvectomy. Carcinoma in situ with early stromal invasion represents a group at zero risk for nodal metastases. We recommend wide local excision for all stage I lesions. In general, omission of lymphadenectomy should be reserved for cases of carcinoma in situ with early stromal invasion.
Sensory and Affective Dimensions of Dyspnea on Exertion in Young Obese Women

Introduction: Dyspnea on exertion (DOE) is a common symptom experienced by 40% of healthy obese women. Dyspnea has at least two dimensions: a sensory (intensity) and an affective dimension. The affective dimension was measured in this study by unpleasantness and negative emotions (i.e., depression, anxiety, frustration, anger, and fear) related to DOE, measured as rating of perceived breathlessness (RPB). Purpose: To examine whether RPB during exercise was associated with unpleasantness and negative emotions and the relative exercise intensity and to examine whether 12-week exercise training can reduce unpleasantness and negative emotions related to breathlessness in healthy obese women. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted from data collected from an interventional study. Volunteers underwent body measurements, underwater weighing, pulmonary function testing, and a constant-load cycle test (60 watts). RPB, unpleasantness, and negative emotions related to DOE were obtained. Results: There was a positive relationship (n=74) between RPB and unpleasantness (r=.61) and RPB and anxiety (r=.50). There was a relationship (n=52) between unpleasantness and %VO2max, r=. 28 as well as %HRmax r=. 38; anxiety and % HRmax, r=. 28 (p<.05). Unpleasantness and anxiety were different between groups (n=55). Unpleasantness was higher in the +DOE group (M=3.91, SD=2.29) than the –DOE group (M=1.37, SD=2.01), t(53)=4.27, p= < . 0001; Anxiety was higher in the +DOE group (M=2.76, SD=2.99) than in –DOE group (M=0.72, SD=1.23), t(41.95)= 3.45, p=< . 001. Within group analysis (n=13) showed that participants in +DOE experienced a decrease in unpleasantness after 12-week exercise training