Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Religious Figures (Kyai) in Enhancing Sharia Economics: A Sociological Marketing Perspective Review

The kyai holds the highest position in Madura society, performing as a regulator and coordinator of the community's social life from a religious perspective. In the context of sociological marketing science, the purpose of this study is to present a literature review that pictures the figure of kyai as an actual manifestation of sharia economic development in social society. This study used a literature review methodology to reinforce the presence of a marketing sociological feature within the kyai figure. According to the findings of the study, the figure of a kyai can become a social leader and influencer with all his roles through the dimensions of Imam's opinions, person-supervisor congruence, thereby increasing people's trust in kyai, comments, and social value orientation in society to achieve the intention (desire) to socialize the sharia economy.
How predictable is the timing of a summer ice‐free Arctic?

Climate model simulations give a large range of over 100 years for predictions of when the Arctic could first become ice free in the summer, and many studies have attempted to narrow this uncertainty range. However, given the chaotic nature of the climate system, what amount of spread in the prediction of an ice‐free summer Arctic is inevitable? Based on results from large ensemble simulations with the Community Earth System Model, we show that internal variability alone leads to a prediction uncertainty of about two decades, while scenario uncertainty between the strong (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5) and medium (RCP4.5) forcing scenarios adds at least another 5 years. Common metrics of the past and present mean sea ice state (such as ice extent, volume, and thickness) as well as global mean temperatures do not allow a reduction of the prediction uncertainty from internal variability.
The Garlic Compound, Diallyl Trisulfide, Attenuates Benzo[a]Pyrene-Induced Precancerous Effect through Its Antioxidant Effect, AhR Inhibition, and Increased DNA Repair in Human Breast Epithelial Cells

Exposure to B[a]P, the most characterized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, significantly increases breast cancer risk. Our lab has previously reported that diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a garlic organosulfur compound (OSC) with chemopreventive and cell cycle arrest properties, reduces lipid peroxides and DNA damage in normal breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cells. In this study, we evaluated the ability of DATS to block the B[a]P-induced initiation of carcinogenesis in MCF-10A cells by examining changes in proliferation, clonogenic formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and protein expression of ARNT/HIF-1β, CYP1A1, and DNA POLβ. The study results indicate that B[a]P increased proliferation, clonogenic formation, ROS formation, and 8-OHdG levels, as well as increasing the protein expression of ARNT/HIF-1β and CYP1A1 compared to the control. Conversely, DATS/B[a]P co-treatment (CoTx) inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenic formation, ROS formation, and 8-OHdG levels compared to B[a]P alone. Treatment with DATS significantly inhibited (p < 0.0001) AhR expression, implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer. The CoTx also attenuated all the above-mentioned B[a]P-induced changes in protein expression. At the same time, it increased DNA POLβ protein expression, which indicates increased DNA repair, thus causing a chemopreventive effect. These results provide evidence for the chemopreventive effects of DATS in breast cancer prevention.
Body Conformation, Testicular and Semen Characteristics as Influenced by Age, Hair Type and Body Condition of Red Sokoto Goat

The study was conducted to determine the influence of age, hair type and body condition score on body and testicular measurements, and semen characteristics using 31 Red Sokoto bucks. The ages of the bucks were categorized into four; 9-12, 13-16, 17-20 and 21-24 months. The hair types which were determined through touching and feeling were categorized according to the length and texture of the hairs as thus; short-smooth (SS) and long- curly (LC). The body condition was scored on a scale of 1 to 5 and then used to categorize the bucks into score 3 and 4. The linear body measurements {heart girth (HG), stature (ST), chest width (CW), withers height (WH), body depth (BD), body length (BL) and rump width (RW)} were measured in centimeters (cm) using flexible tape. The testicular measurements {testicular length (TL), testicular circumference (TC), were measured using flexible tape while testicular width (TW) and testicular weight (TWT) were estimated using the appropriate formulae}. The semen characteristics {semen volume, sperm motility, semen pH, sperm concentration and live and dead ratio were all determined accordingly). The study lasted for one year (July, 2011 - June, 2012). The results showed that the mean BW, HG, ST, CW, WH, BD, BL and RW were 15.02Kg, 59.9cm, 54.95cm, 8.37cm, 53.41cm, 32.86cm, 57.35cm and 17.03cm, respectively. Age and BCS significantly (P<0.01) influenced body weight, body conformation and testicular traits, but had a variable influence on semen characteristics. The BW, body conformation and testicular traits increased with increase in age of the bucks. Hair type had no influence on body weight, body conformation traits and semen characteristics but had influence (P<0.01) on some testicular traits. Bucks with BCS (4) were bigger in size (HG, ST, WH, BL,RW) and weighed more (BW) and had scrotum that are longer (TL), broader (TC), wider (TW) and heavier (TWT); hence producing more semen (SV) than those with BCS (3). The short-smooth haired bucks gave a better testicular dimension than the long-curly haired bucks. The results therefore, suggest that increase in age and body condition score may result into an increase in body and testicular size while hair type could be used as a predictor of testicular dimensions in Red Sokoto goat. (Akpa G.N, Ambali A.L, Suleiman I.O. Body Conformation, Testicular and Semen Characteristics as Influenced by Age, Hair Type and Body Condition of Red Sokoto Goat. N Y Sci J 2013;6(7):44-58). (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub. net/newyork. 9
Non-rotating and rotating radiative-convective equilibrium

Radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE), in which the radiative cooling in the atmosphere is balanced by the convective heating in a horizontally homogeneous environment, is a good starting point for studying tropical convection. It also provides an idealized framework to compare analogous simulations by global climate models (GCMs) which rely on convective parameterizations, and cloud-resolving models (CRMs) which aim to explicitly resolve moist convection. In this work, we seek to further our understanding of tropical cyclones and convective aggregation in the idealized framework of non-rotating and rotating RCE with both types of models. First, we achieve rotating RCE by coupling the resolution and physics of a GCM to rotating hydrostatic dynamics. A large doubly-periodic f-plane is used to allow multiple tropical cyclones (TCs) to coexist. Both cases with fixed and coupled sea surface temperature (SST) are considered. For fixed SST, the sensitivity to environmental parameters is investigated. Particularly, we find that the intensity, radius of maximum wind and size of TCs increase with SST. For coupled SST, SST is predicted using a simple slab ocean model. The effect of the eyewall cooling on TC intensity is studied. We show that Potential-Intensity theory overestimates the impact of the eyewall cooling on TC intensity, as its key assumption that entropy is well-mixed along angular-momentum surfaces within the atmospheric boundary layer no longer holds in cases with substantial eyewall cooling. We then study TC genesis with a small doubly-periodic f-plane. Through cloud-resolving simulations, we show that vertical shear plays an important role on regulating the sensitivity of tropical cyclogenesis to both the environmental rotation and thermodynamic state. As indicated by analogous simulations with the resolution and physics of GCMs, such effects of wind shear might not be fully represented in GCMs. Finally, we investigate convective self-aggregation from non-rotating RCE. The critical SST for self-aggregation to occur is sensitive to the model configuration, in the sense that the smaller convective cells the model simulates, the higher the critical SST could be. Such iii model sensitivity adds complexity to the dependency of self-aggregation on SST and its implication on the variation of convective aggregation with global warming.
Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Clouds via Cross-modal Distillation and Super-Voxel Clustering

Semantic segmentation of point clouds usually requires exhausting efforts of human annotations, hence it attracts wide attention to the challenging topic of learning from unlabeled or weaker forms of annotations. In this paper, we take the ﬁrst attempt for fully unsupervised semantic segmentation of point clouds, which aims to delineate semantically meaningful objects without any form of annotations. Previous works of unsupervised pipeline on 2D images fails in this task of point clouds, due to: 1) Clustering Ambiguity caused by limited magnitude of data and imbalanced class distribution; 2) Irregularity Ambiguity caused by the irregular sparsity of point cloud. Therefore, we propose a novel framework, PointDC, which is comprised of two steps that handle the aforementioned problems respectively: Cross-Modal Distillation (CMD) and Super-Voxel Clustering (SVC). In the ﬁrst stage of CMD, multi-view visual features are back-projected to the 3D space and aggregated to a uniﬁed point feature to distill the training of the point representation. In the second stage of SVC, the point features are aggregated to super-voxels and then fed to the iterative clustering process for excavating semantic classes. PointDC yields a signiﬁcant improvement over the prior state-of-the-art unsupervised methods, on both the ScanNet-v2 (+18.4 mIoU) and S3DIS (+11.5 mIoU) semantic segmentation benchmarks.
The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern India

Objective Hearing loss as a comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) is frequently overlooked by patients and healthcare professionals because of a lack of awareness. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the impact of DM on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in the population of Eastern India. The primary objectives are to assess the prevalence and severity of SNHL among individuals with DM, explore demographic and clinical factors associated with hearing impairment, and contribute valuable insights to the understanding of this relationship in a specific regional context. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 198 patients with type 2 DM. Of these, 46 patients were excluded based on exclusion criteria. All patients underwent detailed demographic and clinical assessments, including glycemic control, DM duration, and associated complications. Pure tone audiometry was used to evaluate hearing thresholds. Otoacoustic emission testing was performed to assess cochlear dysfunction. Results A high prevalence of SNHL (70.4%) was observed among the 152 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. Females exhibited a higher prevalence than males, and most participants experienced mild SNHL. Rural residence, lower socioeconomic status, and poor glycemic control were associated with increased SNHL. Significant associations were found between hearing loss severity and DM duration, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and complications. Among complications, a strong association was noted with diabetic neuropathy. No significant association was observed with the presence or absence of otoacoustic-emission. Conclusion This study reveals a substantial impact of DM on SNHL in Eastern India, emphasizing the importance of routine hearing assessments in diabetic populations. The findings contribute to regional understanding and have implications for targeted healthcare interventions and preventive strategies.
FIRM SIZE, PROFITABILITY, AUDIT DELAY ON AUDITOR SWITCHING

This study aims to examine the effect of firm size, profitability, audit delay on auditor switching in manufacturing companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2021-2022. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method, using secondary data and documentation study collection techniques. The sampling technique was purposive sampling method which resulted in a sample of 55 companies. Data analysis using logistic regression. The test results show that firm size has no significant effect on auditor switching, profitability has a significant effect on auditor switching and audit delay has a significant effect on auditor switching. Suggestions for further research to have an increased research period and use primary data for more accurate research results.
RESPONSE OF SOME BARLEY CULTIVARS TO SOWING DATE AND SEEDING RATE UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN SANDY SOILS

The present study was conducted in the Experimental Farm, ElKhattara region, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons. The study aimed to investigate the response of three barley cultivars (Giza 123, Giza 132 and Giza 2000) to two sowing dates (Nov. 20 th and Dec. 20 th ) and three seeding rates (30, 45 and 60 kg/fad) under sprinkler irrigation in sandy soils. The obtained results from this study clearly indicate that the one month delay in sowing to Dec. 20 th , adversely affected barley plant growth and development as were expressed in plant height and tillering which were reduced. The development of late sown plants indicated a significant decrease in tiller productivity as was express in a significant decrease in the number of spikes/m 2 and as well as in spike development which was expressed in a significant decrease in spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight and finally in grain weight/spike. All these adverse effects were finally reflected in the grain, straw and biological yields/fad. Barley cultivars varied significantly in tallness, tillering, spike development and finally grain yield which was always in favor of Giza 132 as it recorded the highest averages of number of spikes/m 2 , grain yield/fad and harvest index. While Giza 2000 surpassed the other two cultivars in plant height, grain weight/spike, 1000-grain weight and straw and biological yields/fad. Seeding rate gave a clear and consistent significant effect on all growth and yield attributes. Increasing seeding rate from 30 to 45 and 60 kg/fad caused a significant decrease in spike length, number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike and 1000-grain weight, but the grain yield was however increased due to the increase of the number of spikes/m 2 . The detected significant interactions showed varietal response to date of sowing but the main effects of either seeding rate or sowing date recommended early sowing in Nov. 20 th and the use of the highest seeding rate (60 kg/fad) and as well use of Giza 132 in order to maximize the barley grain yield.
Prevalence and contributing factors of malocclusion in Zhuang children aged 7–8 years in southern China

Introduction Malocclusion, a common oral health problem in children, is associated with several contributing factors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mixed dentition stage malocclusion and its contributing factors in Chinese Zhuang children aged 7–8 years. Methods Overall, 2,281 Zhuang children, about 7–8 years old, were randomly selected using a stratified whole-cluster sampling method from schools in counties in Northwestern Guangxi, China. The children were examined on-site for malocclusion and caries by trained dentists, and basic data on the children were collected using questionnaires, including age, sex, parental education, parental accompaniment, and children's knowledge of malocclusion and treatment needs. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results The total prevalence of malocclusion in Zhuang children aged 7–8 years was 58.5%, with the highest prevalence of anterior crossbite tendency, and the prevalence of anterior crossbite and anterior edge-to-edge occlusion was 15.1% and 7.7%, respectively. This was followed by an anterior increased overjet of 13.3% and an inter-incisor spacing of 10.3%. The lowest prevalence was 2.7% for anterior open bite. Sex, parental accompaniment, parental education, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth of the first primary molar were factors that contributed to malocclusion in Zhuang children. Conclusion Malocclusion is a common oral problem among Zhuang children. Therefore, more attention must be paid to the intervention and prevention of malocclusion. The impact factors should be controlled as early as possible.
White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)

The megatooth shark, † Otodus megalodon , which likely reached at least 15 m in total length, is an iconic extinct shark represented primarily by its gigantic teeth in the Neogene fossil record. As one of the largest marine carnivores to ever exist, understanding the biology, evolution, and extinction of † O. megalodon is important because it had a significant impact on the ecology and evolution of marine ecosystems that shaped the present-day oceans. Some attempts inferring the body form of † O. megal-odon have been carried out, but they are all speculative due to the lack of any complete skeleton. Here we highlight the fact that the previous total body length estimated from vertebral diameters of the extant white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) for an † O. megalodon individual represented by an incomplete vertebral column is much shorter than the sum of anteroposterior lengths of those fossil vertebrae. This factual evidence indicates that † O. megalodon had an elongated body relative to the body of the modern white shark. Although its exact body form remains unknown, this proposition represents the most parsimonious empirical evidence, which is a significant step towards deciphering the body form of † O. megalodon .
Photometric Stereo Super Resolution via Complex Surface Structure Estimation

Photometric stereo, which derives per-pixel surface normals from shading cues, faces challenges in capturing high-resolution (HR) images in linear response systems. We address the representation of HR surface normals from low-resolution (LR) photometric stereo images. To represent fine details of the surface normal in the HR domain, we propose a novel plug-in high-frequency representation module named the Complex Surface Structure (CSS) estimator. When combined with a conventional photometric stereo model, CSS is capable of representing intricate surface structures in 2D Fourier space. We show that photometric stereo super-resolution (SR) with our CSS estimator provides high-fidelity surface normal representations in higher resolution from the LR inputs. Experiments demonstrate that our results are quantitatively (MAE is less than half of the recent works) and qualitatively better than those of the existing deep learning-based SR work.
Predicting Attributes of Regeneration Forests Using Airborne Laser Scanning

Abstract Forest inventory attributes including dominant height (Hd), mean tree height (Ht), total number of stems (Nt), and number of dominant stems (Nd), were predicted in regeneration forests using metrics from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. The study was conducted in Norway, using field data from 48 sample plots and 173 validation plots distributed in 19 regeneration stands. The stand-level accuracies, obtained in terms of relative root mean square error were 17%, 28%, 47%, and 18% for Hd, Ht, Nt, and Nd, respectively. None of the predicted attributes differed significantly from the field-measured values at stand level. Furthermore, the influences of echo categories, ground thresholds, low tree height, transformation of response variable and stratification by site productivity, and species composition on the prediction errors (residuals) were assessed. All factors except selection of echo categories and site productivity affected the residuals of one or more of the forest attributes. Thus, in addition to documenting the accuracy obtained for tree heights and number of stems in regeneration stands, the study elucidates methodological issues in ALS-aided regeneration forest inventories.
A Differentiable Throughput Model for Load-Aware Cellular Network Optimization Through Gradient Descent

The efficient operation of cellular networks requires careful tuning of configuration parameters, such as the transmit power or antenna tilts, to adequately balance interference while providing the necessary capacity to the connected UEs. As manual tuning of these parameters is typically unfeasible, several automated coverage and capacity optimization methods have been proposed. However, most existing solutions are either based on poorly scalable black-box optimization methods or solely consider interference management, while omitting the potential of congested cells. In this work, we instead propose a differentiable framework for cellular network optimization, centered around the end-user throughput, that enables load-aware tuning of network parameters through gradient descent. Hereby, we approach the problem from a data-driven perspective, and include dedicated model subcomponents derived from monitoring data, which enable the calibration to site-specific traffic patterns and KPI measurements. We validate our approach for joint transmit power optimization in a real-world network layout with $\approx 150$ cells in two frequency bands. In our evaluation, the gradient descent-based optimization reliably reduces the outage ratio for different levels of demand, while the black-box baseline struggles to explore the large search space. Our results further reveal substantial differences between the proposed load-aware and commonly used SINR-based objectives, for which we repeatably obtain unbalanced network configurations with severely congested cells. In contrast, the proposed end-user throughput objective promotes a balanced network configuration, providing adequate resources to the connected UEs while also limiting interference.