Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preemptive kidney transplant: indication, outcome and complications

Dialysis and kidney transplantation are the only available management approaches for these patients. Estimates show that the survival rates and quality of life are significantly higher for patients that receive kidney transplantation than others with dialysis. In addition, the effectiveness of preemptive kidney transplantation was well-evidenced in the literature. It had been further demonstrated that performing preemptive kidney transplantation significantly reduces the complications of renal transplantation and dialysis and was incredibly cost-effective when compared to dialysis. Furthermore, evidence regarding its effectiveness was well-established among studies in the literature as a safe primary management approach for patients suffering from end-stage kidney disease. This literature review discussed preemptive kidney transplantation's indications, outcomes and complications. Our findings indicated the efficacy of the approach for patients suffering from end-stage kidney disease. However, the appropriate selection of the patients was a critical issue. Besides, serious efforts should be exerted to prepare the patient perioperatively. Nevertheless, kidney functions were reported to increase following preemptive kidney transplantation. Graft rejection and delayed graft functions were also reported to follow preemptive kidney transplantation. However, the estimated rates are lower than those for patients having transplantation following the start of dialysis. We encourage further relevant investigations to further elaborate on the long-term findings, prognosis, and complications.
Changes in Biceps femoris Transcriptome along Growth in Iberian Pigs Fed Different Energy Sources and Comparative Analysis with Duroc Breed

Simple Summary The genetic mechanisms that regulate biological processes, such as skeletal muscle development and growth, or intramuscular fat deposition, have attracted great interest, given their impact on production traits and meat quality. In this sense, a comparison of the transcriptome of skeletal muscle between phenotypically different pig breeds, or along growth, could be useful to improve the understanding of the molecular processes underlying the differences in muscle metabolism and phenotypic traits, potentially driving the identification of causal genes, regulators and metabolic pathways involved in their variability. Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of developmental stage, breed, and diet energy source on the genome-wide expression, meat quality traits, and tissue composition of biceps femoris muscle in growing pure Iberian and Duroc pigs. The study comprised 59 Iberian (IB) and 19 Duroc (DU) animals, who started the treatment at an average live weight (LW) of 19.9 kg. The animals were kept under identical management conditions and fed two diets with different energy sources (6% high oleic sunflower oil or carbohydrates). Twenty-nine IB animals were slaughtered after seven days of treatment at an average LW of 24.1 kg, and 30 IB animals plus all the DU animals were slaughtered after 47 days at an average LW of 50.7 kg. The main factors affecting the muscle transcriptome were age, with 1832 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and breed (1055 DEGs), while the effect of diet on the transcriptome was very small. The results indicated transcriptome changes along time in Iberian animals, being especially related to growth and tissue development, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and cytoskeleton organization, with DEGs affecting relevant functions and biological pathways, such as myogenesis. The breed also affected functions related to muscle development and cytoskeleton organization, as well as functions related to solute transport and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Taking into account the results of the two main comparisons (age and breed effects), we can postulate that the Iberian breed is more precocious than the Duroc breed, regarding myogenesis and muscle development, in the studied growing stage.
Mineralocorticoid pathway in retinal health and diseases

In the retina, the mineralocorticoid receptor is expressed in retinal and choroidal vessels and in cells from neural and glial origins. Like in the brain, the major ligand of the mineralocorticoid receptor is cortisol, and the mineralocorticoid/glucocorticoid receptor balance regulates the activation of the MR pathway. Experimental mineralocorticoid receptor pathway activation using either pharmacological agents or transgenic manipulation favours retinal and choroidal pathology. In various models of retinal diseases, such as glaucomatous neuropathy, retinopathy of prematurity, ischaemic retinopathies, diabetic retinopathy and choroidal neovascularization, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism exerts beneficial effects, demonstrating its potential in the treatment of major blinding retinal diseases. But specific formulations are required to optimize the bioavailability of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in various compartments of the eye, and molecular biomarkers of mineralocorticoid receptor pathway activation remain to be identified in humans to select patients amenable to clinical trials.
Prevalence of Occupational Injury among Workers in the Construction, Manufacturing, and Mining Industries in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Article Info Background: Despite the volume of existing literature on the prevalence of occupationrelated injuries in Africa, it is fragmented across a broader spectrum and difficult to quickly understand the average magnitude. Besides, there is a lack of empirical shreds of evidence on the regional pooled estimate. Hence, the study aimed to develop the regional pooled estimates of occupation-related injuries among workers in Africa's industries. Materials and Methods: The study followed preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The used databases included Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. Further, a modified version of the NewcastleOttawa Quality Assessment was used for the critical appraisal of studies. The pooled prevalence of injury was computed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Funnel plot and Egger's tests were conducted to evaluate publication bias. The study assessed the heterogeneity using the I-squared test and Galbraith plot. Results: Out of 603 accessed studies, 20 that met the eligibility criteria were included. The pooled prevalence of occupational injury in Africa was 57% (95% CI: 48, 67). Totally, 62% (95% CI: 44, 77), 57% (95% CI: 38, 76), and 51% (95% CI: 32, 69) of injuries were identified in the manufacturing, construction, and mining sites, respectively, based on the subgroup analysis. Conclusions: The rate of occupation-related injuries is dramatically increasing. Such injury is one of the immense concerns for workers' health and safety in Africa. Hence, the stakeholders should carry out rigorous law enforcement to ensure compliance with health and safety measures.
Impacts of R&D Expenditures On Firms’ Innovation and Financial Performance: A Panel Data Evidence from Ethiopian Firms

In the era of the rapid development of knowledge economy and science, all countries have thought highly of technical innovation and greatly increased investment in R&D from time to time. The vast literature indicates that the relationship between R&D and firms’ performance is highly complex while evidences suggest that R&D positively influences firms’ performance, yet the process how R&D activities influence firms’ performance is still mixing. This paper explores the impacts of investment in R&D on firms’ performance from 476 firms in Ethiopia by employing a combination of the fixed-effect, PSM and ETE estimation methods. The findings of this study support the existence of a strong interaction between R&D activities and firms’ performance. The empirical results reveal that investment in R&D positively influences both innovation and long-term financial performance, while it negatively impacts shorter-term financial performance. Moreover, results show that the impacts of R&D activities vary significantly along the different category of firms confirming that heterogeneity is possible issue among firms considered. The results also indicate that availability of credit is more important moderating factor for the relationship between R&D investment and firms’ performance than legal system. The results from the current study have important implications for firms especially those from developing countries like Ethiopia with growing R&D operations. We propose that Ethiopian firms should invest more on R&D activities, such as the production of fundamental research and applied research to have better performance and enhance their competitiveness in the future.
Forests of Finland 2014–2018 and their development 1921–2018

We describe the methodology applied in the 12th national forest inventory of Finland (NFI12) and describe the state of Finlandâs forests as well as the development of some key parameters since 1920s. According to the NFI12, the area of forestry land (consisting of productive and poorly productive forest, unproductive land, and other forestry land) is 26.2 M ha. The area of forestry land has decreased from 1920s to 1960s due to expansion of agriculture and built-up land. 20% of the forestry land is not available for wood supply and 13% is only partly available for wood supply. The area of peatlands is 8.8 M ha, which is one third of the forestry land. 53% of the current area of peatlands is drained. The volume of growing stock, 2500 M m, is 1.7 times the volume estimated in NFI1 in the 1920s for the current territory of Finland. The estimated annual volume increment is 107.8 M m. The increment estimate has doubled since the estimate of NFI2 implemented in late 1930s. The annual mortality is estimated to 7 M m, which is 0.5 M m more than according to the previous inventory. Serious or complete damage was observed on 2% of the productive forest available for wood supply. The amount of dead wood is on average 5.8 m ha in productive forests. Since the NFI9 (1996â2003) the amount of dead wood has increased in South Finland and decreased in North Finland both in protected forests and forests available for wood supply (FAWS). The area of natural or almost natural forests on productive forest is 380â000 ha, out of this, 42â000 ha are in FAWS and 340â000 ha in protected forests. 33333â1
Measuring the Overall Complexity of Graphical and Textual IEC 61131-3 Control Software

Software implements a significant proportion of functionality in factory automation. Thus, efficient development and the reuse of software parts, so-called units, enhance competitiveness. Thereby, complex control software units are more difficult to understand, leading to increased development, testing and maintenance costs. However, measuring complexity is challenging due to many different, subjective views on the topic. This paper compares different complexity definitions from literature and considers with a qualitative questionnaire study the complexity perception of domain experts, who confirm the importance of objective measures to compare complexity. The paper proposes a set of metrics that measure various classes of software complexity to identify the most complex software units as a prerequisite for refactoring. The metrics include complexity caused by size, data structure, control flow, information flow and lexical structure. Unlike most literature approaches, the metrics are compliant with graphical and textual languages from the IEC 61131-3 standard. Further, a concept for interpreting the metric results is presented. A comprehensive evaluation with industrial software from two German plant manufacturers validates the metrics' suitability to measure complexity.
Effect of Exfiltration on the Hygrothermal Behaviour of a Residential Wall Assembly

The hygrothermal behaviour of timber frame wall is analysed using a steady-state calculation method and a two-dimensional heat, air, and moisture transport computer model. The conditions associated with exfiltration of warm and humid indoor air are examined. The physical quantities investigated included the amount of moisture accumulated in the wall cavity during the heating season and the heat loss across the wall. Several interesting correlations between moisture accumula tion in a cavity and parameters such as leakage rate, vapour permeance characteristics of the exterior boundary, additional thermal resistance offered by an exterior sheath ing, and indoor humidity level emerge. These correlations show the advantage of us ing the analytical methods in deriving design guidelines for building components. The results from the analysis are used to identify and quantify various parameters that govern the performance of air barrier systems.
Wastewater quality and pollutant loads in combined sewers during dry weather periods

An observatory of urban pollutants was created in Paris in order to assess, at the urban catchment scale, the quality of sanitary sewage and pollutant loads during dry weather periods in the Paris combined sewer. Investigations were carried out for six urban catchments (varying from 42 to 2580 ha) focusing on a wide range of parameters, including: suspended solids (SS), chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD5), total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn), and aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs and PAHs). Despite the marginal intra-site variability of some pollutants, which serves to reflect the impact of point sources, this work attests to the spatial homogeneity, at the physical scales considered, of wastewater quality and pollutant loads within the Paris combined sewer network. These results imply that similar production and transfer processes are occurring within sewers during dry weather periods and strongly suggest that data obtained on one specific catchment could be extrapolated to smaller or larger catchments that display quite similar land use and sewer characteristics.
Student experiences of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Perspectives from first‐generation/lower‐income students and others

Twenty-eight University of Michigan students (12 first-generation/low-income and 16 from more educated, affluent families) were invited online to provide open-ended responses and photographs representative of their experiences during COVID-19, in a modified Photovoice approach. Given the literature, we expected that cultural mismatch, class stereotypes, and relative deprivation would be relevant features of the accounts of self-identified first-generation/lower-income students? experience, in contrast to their peers. Using thematic analysis, three themes differentiated the written accounts of the experiences of the two groups of students: changed environmental demands, comparison to similar or different other students, and change or continuity in the availability of institutional support. Both groups of students shared concerns about issues with mental health, and concern for family. While first-generation/lower-income students reported that they experienced less access to space and quiet for their schoolwork, their counterparts reported that their conditions for studying were better. Additionally, when comparing themselves to others, first-generation students mentioned their best guesses about the experiences of more affluent students, while nonfirst-generation students tended to compare themselves to those like themselves. Finally, while nonfirst-generation students wrote of continued institutional support and dedication to schoolwork, first-generation students reported having fewer resources for academic success.
Naga

Anemia is a condition in which red blood cells (erythrocytes ) decrease or decrease in hemoglobin, so that the oxygen-carrying capacity for the organ needs in the mother and fetus is reduced. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dragon fruit juice on increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia. The design of this study is an experimental study with a one grup pre test-post test. Design approach with a population of 43 pregnant women with anemia, sampels were taken using the total sampiling technique. The independent variable in this study was the administration of dragon fruit juice. The dependent variable was the change in HB levels in pregnant women with anemia. Collecting data using primary data using observation sheets measuring HB levels before and after examination. Research analysis using t-test. The results showed that the mother’s Hb level before consuming drahon fruit juice was obtained Mean 9.28 gr/dl, Median 9.50 gr/dl, mode 10 gr/dl and SD 7.7 gr/dl. Mother’s Hb level after consuming dragon fruit juice obtained Mean 10.4 gr/dl, Median 10.6 gr/dl, Mode 11 gr/dl and SD 8 gr/dl. The results of the t-tes with a significance level α=0,05 obtained p_value = 0,000 (p_value < α (0,05)) so it was concluded thet there was an effect of giving dragon fruit juice on increasing Hb levels of pregnant women.
Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking groundwater is a common environmental problem in Pakistan. Therefore, sixty-one groundwater samples were collected from various groundwater sources in District Sanghar, Sindh province, Pakistan, to understand the geochemical behavior of elevated As in groundwater. Statistical summary showed the cations and anions abundance in decreasing order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Arsenic was found with low to high concentration levels ranging from 5 µg to 25 µg/L with a mean value of 12.9 µg/L. A major water type of groundwater samples was mixed with NaCl and CaHCO3 type, interpreting the hydrochemical behavior of rock–water interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the mixed anthropogenic and natural sources of contamination in the study area. Moreover, rock weathering and exchange of ions controlled the hydrochemistry. Chloro-alkaline indices revealed the dominance of the reverse ion exchange mechanism in the region. The entropy water quality index (EWQI) exposed that 17 samples represent poor water, and 11 samples are not suitable for drinking.
DESIGN OF LEATHER FRINGE BAG THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BALI GRINGSING WOVEN FABRIC

Indonesia has an extraordinary wealth of cultural arts, one of which is the Gringsing woven fabric in Bali. The beauty of Gringsing weaving attracts the author to apply it to bag products as an aesthetic element. This design aims to design a women's bag with a fringe model through a combination of Grinsing weaving elements. This design uses the method of creation, namely: exploration, design, and realization stages. In addition, the design also pays attention to the approach to practical functions, themes/styles, ergonomics, and aesthetics. This design resulted in five designs of women's bags with fringe bag models with the application of Gringsing woven fabric, namely fringe tote bags, fringe slingbags, fringe backpacks, fringe handbags, and fringe waist bags. Of the five designs, two designs were realized into women's bag products, namely the fringe sling bag and backpack models. Through the design of creative bags that use motifs on Gringsing woven fabrics, can produce unique and distinctive typical creations that reflect Indonesian culture.
Provenance and Tectonic Setting of Lower Cretaceous Huanhe Formation Sandstones, Northwest Ordos Basin, North-Central China

In adjustment to fulfill the requirements of the investigation regarding the lower Cretaceous sandstone uranium deposit in the Naogaodai area within the northwest of Ordos Basin, twenty-seven sandstone samples obtained from the Lower Cretaceous Huanhe Formation were analyzed for major, trace and rare earth elements (REE). The source of clastic and tectonic background was additionally analyzed. The results show that Huanhe sandstone is feldspar rich sandstone, and also the mineral composition is principally quartz, albite and plagioclase; the ratio of light to heavy rare earth elements (LREE/HREE) is 9.25–10.83, with an average value of 10.00; (La/Yb)CN is 10.20–12.53, with an average value of 11.24, demonstrating that LREE is enriched and fractionated compared with HREE. REE distribution patterns are similar, which additionally reveals that Huanhe sandstone has a homogenous source; the Index of Compositional Variability (ICV) value is 1.17–1.73, with an average value of 1.35, both greater than 1, showing an immature property, which may be first-order cycle deposition. The average value of the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) is 50.29, suggesting that the source rock has encountered weak chemical weathering; sandstones are near-source first-cycle provenance, which is not significantly influenced by sedimentary sorting and recycling. The geochemical qualities further indicate that Huanhe sandstone was deposited in a passive margin and experienced moderate weathering.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT QUANTITIES OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION AND ITS SALINITY ON YIELD AND WATER USE OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate evapotranspiration (ETc), water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of wheat as affected by quantity and salinity of irrigation water. Treatments consisted of 16 combinations of irrigation water levels, viz. 0.5, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 times the water requirement, and irrigation water salinity levels (ECi), viz. 1.5, 8.5, 11.5 and 14.2 dS m‐1. Mean overall relative yield when referred to yield with ECi of 1.5 dS m‐1, obtained with irrigation water with salinity levels of 8.5, 11.2 and 14.2 dS m‐1, were 97, 93 and 90%, respectively. Similarly, the decline in yield when irrigation water was applied to only replenish 50 and 75% of the crop water requirement was 19 and 9%, respectively, as compared with yield obtained from full irrigation. Soil salinity increased as the depth of irrigation water and thereby salt input were increased. However, a major portion of salts in the soil profile was leached down with autumn rains and therefore had little adverse effect on establishment of the following crops. The highest WUE (12 kg ha‐1 mm‐1) of applied water was obtained at 310 mm (62% of full irrigation). With increasing irrigation water salinity the highest WUE is decreased by about 10% as compared to low saline water. Therefore, using saved fresh water for new land could increase total production. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.