Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association rule mining for identification of port state control patterns in Malaysian ports

Port State Control (PSC) inspection data is used for determining the inspection pattern of PSC in Malaysia and identifying the relationship between the inspection place, flag state, number of deficiency, detention result, and ship risk profile. Based on 8,089 inspection reports from 2015 to 2019, the mining association rule is proposed as a learning approach due to its determination pattern in the information bank. The learning of association rules of PSC inspections is performed primarily on the Apriori Algorithm, in order to produce alluring rules. Inspection patterns of Malaysian ports revealed that flag state, ship risk profile, and inspection place generally lead to no detention result, as well as zero deficiency recorded on-board. The reported quantity of detention was significantly related to the high number of deficiencies raised for ships registered under blacklisted countries. Furthermore, the analysis of deficiency discovered the pattern of inspection at Malaysian ports is frequently related to zero and a low number of deficiencies raised by inspectors. Lastly, five major ports were selected for providing a useful rule to help PSC officers in organising an effective inspection plan. A similar approach can also be used for other ports beyond Malaysia for comparative analysis.
Strategic information quality utilizing the House of Quality

Living in the Age of Knowledge means living in search of innovation. That is, quality information and high valued added knowledge that can lead companies and individuals to the spotlight in a highly competitive and globalized world. Information is considered to be raw material for creating knowledge, which in turn, adds value to organizations, promotes innovation and puts the spotlight on organizations. For this reason, the objective of this study is to use a tool to analyze the quality of organizational strategic information in two phases. In the first phase, data and sources will be assessed; and in the second phase of the tool, strategic information and information guidance practices will be analyzed. Thereby, the study provides analyses of an organization a step-in advance, so as to improve its processes and tools to truly transform its strategic information into competitive advantage.
Control of wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) in corn, soybean, and winter wheat

Abstract: Herbicide options are limited for the control of wild carrot in field crops in Ontario. This study, which comprised 25 field trials: 9 in corn [4 preemergence (PRE) and 5 postemergence (POST) herbicide trials], 8 in soybean [3 preplant (PP) and 5 POST herbicide trials], and 8 in winter wheat (8 POST herbicides trials), was completed to determine the most efficacious herbicides for the control of wild carrot in these crops. There was no significant visible injury in corn, soybean, and winter wheat with the herbicides evaluated. Atrazine, dicamba, dicamba/atrazine, isoxaflutole + atrazine, mesotrione + atrazine, saflufenacil, and saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P applied PRE provided inadequate (39%–75%) control of wild carrot in corn. Prosulfuron + dicamba applied POST at 10 + 140 g a.i. ha-1 controlled wild carrot 93%–97%, with density and biomass similar to the weed-free control in corn. Among the PP herbicides evaluated in soybean, only glyphosate (2700 g a.i. ha-1) and glyphosate + imazethapyr (900 + 100 g a.i. ha-1) controlled wild carrot >80%. None of the POST herbicides evaluated in soybean provided adequate control of wild carrot. In winter wheat, prosulfuron + bromoxynil (10 + 140 g a.i. ha-1) controlled wild carrot 83%–86% compared with other herbicides, which controlled wild carrot 21%–73%.
Small Family Businesses: Innovation, Risk and Value

This article reviews the literature and applies principal-to-principal (PP) conflict theory to small family based businesses. The lack of accurate measurement and communication of risk leading to issues with innovation, is the primary cause of PP agency costs. Careful analysis of the risk levels reflected in the cost of debt and opportunity cost of equity provides a theoretically robust and empirically estimable process for ascertaining the true PP agency cost. Awareness of the constraining governance structures and the suggested method, based on the cost of capital, to assess small business risk can assist SME owners and financiers to SMEs to promote business efficiency and innovation.
The Apparent Motion of STEVE and the Picket Fence Phenomena

In this study, we present the first data obtained from the new Transition Region Explorer (TREx) RGB Imager and analyze the apparent motion of STEVE and the Picket Fence structures in an event on 31 August 2019. The structures associated with STEVE are found to feature a fast westward motion (~5–10 km/s). This is consistent with the notions that STEVE is colocated with a fast subauroral ion drift (SAID) channel and that SAIDs play a key role in the production of STEVE. The apparent motion of the Picket Fence structures is much slower (~400–600 m/s) and can be both westward and eastward. This implies that either the Picket Fence is located at different magnetic flux tubes from that of STEVE, with much slower plasma convection speed, or that the motion of the Picket Fence does not follow the plasma convection.
A Near-Optimal Bidding Strategy for Real-Time Display Advertising Auctions

This article introduces a near-optimal bidding algorithm for use in real-time display advertising auctions. These auctions constitute a dominant distribution channel for internet display advertising and a potential funding model for addressable media. The proposed efficient, implementable learning algorithm is proven to rapidly converge to the optimal strategy while achieving zero regret and constituting a competitive equilibrium. This is the first algorithmic solution to the online knapsack problem to offer such theoretical guarantees without assuming a priori knowledge of object values or costs. Furthermore, it meets advertiser requirements by accommodating any valuation metric while satisfying budget constraints. Across a series of 100 simulated and 10 real-world campaigns, the algorithm delivers 98% of the value achievable with perfect foresight and outperforms the best available alternative by 11%. Finally, we show how the algorithm can be augmented to simultaneously estimate impression values and learn the bidding policy. Across a series of simulations, we show that the total regret delivered under this dual objective is less than that from any competing algorithm required only to learn the bidding policy.
Reset-voltage-dependent precise tuning operation of TiOx/Al2O3 memristive crossbar array

In this Letter, we present reset-voltage-dependent precise tuning operation of TiOx/Al2O3-based memristive devices. For the high resistance state (HRS) with high reset voltage, abrupt set operations are observed with a large variation, while the HRS obtained by low reset voltage provides gradual and uniform switching behaviors. The improvement of gradual switching and the programming accuracy are analyzed regarding cycle-to-cycle as well as device-to-device variations. We believe that these results can be applied to operate TiOx/Al2O3-based memristors in areas requiring highly accurate tuning characteristics.
Two New Species of Polydesmoid Millipedes from Western Java, Indonesia (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Cryptodesmidae, Haplodesmidae)

Two new species of the millipede order Polydesmida are described from primary rainforest litter on the slope of Mount Salak, an active volcano in western Java, Indonesia. Circulocyptus javanicus n. sp. differs from C. faillei Golovatch, 2016, the sole, and type, species of the genus Circulocyptus Golovatch, 2016, family Cryptodesmudae, known from several places in central and southern Vietnam, by the much larger body (ca 20 vs. 11-16 mm long), more numerous radii at the anterior margin of the collum (29 vs. 25), more abundant metatergal tubercles (usually 6 vs. 4 rows), the shape of the lateral margin of paraterga (anterolateral corner mostly broadly rounded vs. squarish), and minor details of gonopodal structure. The diagnosis of Circulocyptus is refined since this genus seems to be unique not only within the family, but also amongst the entire Polydesmida in showing an accessory seminal chamber located not at the end of a solenomere, which is a typical situation, but on a separate gonopodal branch and lying just opposite the solenomere tip. Cylindrodesmus telnovorum n. sp. is only a third species to be recognized in Cylindrodesmus Pocock, 1889, family Haplodesmudae, a genus which presently encompasses the type species C. hirsutus Pocock, 1889, nearly ubiquitous, mostly pantropical and partly parthenogenetic, and C. villosus Pocock, 1898, from Rotuma Island, Fiji, southwestern Pacific. The new species differs from both primarily by the peculiar colour pattern (mainly blackish contrasting with pinkish) and uniramous gonopod (much like in C. hirsutus, but gradually attenuating in distal half until a blunt tip).
Low genetic diversity in the endangered Taxus yunnanensis following a population bottleneck, a low effective population size and increased inbreeding

Abstract Taxus yunnanensis, which is an endangered tree that is considered valuable because it contains the effective natural anticancer metabolite taxol and heteropolysaccharides, has long suffered from severe habitat fragmentation. In this study, the levels of genetic diversity in two populations of 136 individuals were analyzed based on eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci. Our results suggested that these two populations were characterized by low genetic diversity (NE = 2.303/2.557; HO = 0.168/0.142; HE = 0.453/0.517), a population bottleneck, a low effective population size (Ne = 7/9), a high level of inbreeding (FIS = 0.596/0.702), and a weak, but significant spatial genetic structure (Sp = 0.001, b = −0.001*). Habitat fragmentation, seed shadow overlap and limited seed and pollen dispersal and potential selfing may have contributed to the observed gene tic structure. The results of the present study will enable development of practical conservation measures to effectively conserve the valuable genetic resources of this endangered plant.
The adaptive significance of variation in avian incubation periods

ABSTRACT In spite of strong selection by time-dependent mortality on the length of the embryo development (incubation) period, time to hatching varies substantially among species, independently of body size. One view, strongly supported by the work of Thomas Martin and his colleagues, maintains that this variation reflects parental strategies to minimize their own mortality risk at the nest—strategies that influence egg temperature and embryo growth rate. A second, not incompatible, view maintains that variation in the incubation period reflects a trade-off between the growth rate of the embryo and its subsequent quality as a free-living individual. We evaluate several lines of evidence relating nest attendance by adults and the quality of the immune system to the length of the incubation period. Particularly important is the role of sibling competition in selecting for rapid embryo growth and early hatching, and the fact that many species with prolonged incubation periods are raised either as single chicks or in broods with staggered hatching, which predetermines the outcome of sibling competition.
Analysis of foreign body ingestion in childhood: Our five-year experience

Bulgular: Hastadan veya yakınlarından alınan öyküye göre yutulan cisim 89 (%66.9) hastada metal (para, iğne, pil, mıknatıs vb.), 27 (%20.3) hastada metal olmayan (cam, plastik vb.), 17 (%12.8) hastada ise gıda parçaları idi. Birinci gruptaki 56 hastaya ve ikinci gruptaki 18 hastaya genel anestezi altında endoskopi işlemi uygulandı. On bir hastada yabancı cisim başarı ile vücuttan çıkarılırken, dört hastada yabancı cisim mideye itildi. Hastalarda herhangi bir komplikasyon görülmedi.
Synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns associated with deep
persistent slab avalanches in the western United States

Abstract. Deep persistent slab avalanches are capable of destroying infrastructure and are usually unsurvivable to those who are caught. Formation of a snowpack conducive to deep persistent slab avalanches is typically driven by meteorological conditions occurring in the beginning weeks to months of the winter season, and yet the avalanche event may not occur for several weeks to months later. While predicting the exact timing of the release of deep persistent slab avalanches is difficult, onset of avalanche activity is commonly preceded by rapid warming, heavy precipitation, or high winds. This work investigates the synoptic drivers of deep persistent slab avalanches at three sites in the Western USA with long records: Bridger Bowl, Montana; Jackson, Wyoming; and Mammoth Mountain, California. We use self-organizing maps to generate twenty synoptic types that summarize 5,899 daily 500 mb geopotential height maps for the winters (November–March) of 1979/80–2017/18. For each of the three locations, we identify major and minor deep persistent slab avalanche seasons, and analyze the number of days represented by each synoptic type during the beginning (November–January) of the major and minor seasons. We also examine the number of days assigned to each synoptic type during the 72 hours preceding deep persistent slab avalanche activity for both dry and wet slab events. Each of the three sites exhibits a unique distribution of the number of days assigned to each synoptic type during November–January of major and minor seasons, and for the 72-hour period preceding deep persistent slab avalanche activity. This work identifies the synoptic scale atmospheric circulation patterns contributing to deep persistent slab instabilities, and the patterns that commonly precede deep persistent slab avalanche activity. By identifying these patterns, we provide an improved understanding of deep persistent slab avalanches, and an additional tool to anticipate the timing of these difficult-to-predict events.
Self‐Assemblies of Fe3O4 Nanocrystals: Toward Nanoscale Precision of Photothermal Effects in the Tumor Microenvironment

Fe3O4 nanocrystals are self‐assembled into two different conformations: colloidosome and supraball that confer them with distinct properties determining their photo‐induced heating capacities. These self‐assemblies are assessed for photothermal therapy, an adjuvant strategy for tumor therapy. The tumor microenvironment is a heterogeneous ecosystem including immune cells and the extracellular matrix. The interactions between photothermal therapy agents and the different components of the tumor microenvironment determine the outcome of this therapy. In this study, the fate of both colloidosomes and supraballs within the tumor microenvironment in comparison to their Fe3O4 nanocrystal building blocks is revealed. This study highlights how these two hybrid self‐assemblies target different compartments of the tumor microenvironment and trigger local photothermal damages that are inaccessible for isolated nanocrystals and not predicted by global temperature measurements.
Receding Horizon Cooperative Platoon Trajectory Planning on Corridors with Dynamic Traffic Signal

In this paper, a trajectory control approach using model predictive control is proposed for cooperative (automated) vehicles. This control approach optimizes accelerations of the controlled connected and automated vehicle (CAV) platoon along a corridor with signalized intersections. The objectives of the proposed approach are to maximize the throughput first and optimize comfort, travel delay, and fuel consumption simultaneously after that. The throughput is determined according to the maximal number of CAVs that can pass the intersection during the green phase. Safety is included by penalizing smaller gaps between CAVs in the running cost. The red phase is taken into account as a virtual vehicle at the stop-line during the red time, thus the safe gap penalty with the virtual vehicle causes the first-stopping vehicle to decelerate or even stop facing the red phase. The acceleration and speed are constrained within the upper and lower bounds. The proposed approach is flexible in dealing with platoon merging, splitting, stopping, and queue-discharging characteristics at signalized intersections. Finally, the proposed control approach is verified by simulation under a baseline scenario and four scenarios, which consider signal settings and the anticipation of the red phase. The simulation results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed control approach on fuel savings, compared with the state-of-art approach which used the virtual vehicle term without anticipation. The adjustments of signal parameters in Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 demonstrate the applicability of the control approach under actuated signal control.
Distinct under-ice bacterial communities in seasonally ice-covered northern lakes

Many northern lakes are seasonally ice-covered and it was traditionally thought that microbial communities and processes lay dormant under the ice due to cold temperature and low light levels. In this study, we investigated the spatial patterns of bacterial communities during ice-covered and ice-free periods in three limnologically distinct Canadian lakes using 16S rRNA gene sequencing approaches. Multivariate analyses of community similarity grouped samples first by lake, then by season, demonstrating that community composition was distinct during the ice-covered and ice-free periods and suggesting differences in metabolic strategies of populations living under the ice. 16S rRNA sequences from Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes, as well as the methylotrophic LD28 bacteria, were often abundant during ice cover. However, only a small fraction of bacterial taxa were commonly associated with ice-covered conditions across all lakes, suggesting that local lake conditions play a more important role than regional climate conditions in structuring bacterial communities in seasonally ice-covered northern lakes. These preliminary findings will guide further metagenomics-enabled research into the metabolic diversity of these important microbial communities.
The Diet and Gut Microbial Communities of Two Closely Related Combtooth Blennies, Chasmodes saburrae and Scartella cristata

The digestive tracts of fishes contain a diverse set of gut associated microbiota known to contribute to many functions of the fishes' biology. Furthermore, it has been suggested that divergence in diets between two species is also associated with shifts in gut associated microbiota. Herein, we describe and compare the diet and gastrointestinal microbiota of two closely related combtooth blennies, Scartella cristata and Chasmodes saburrae (family Blenniidae) from Florida, USA. The diets of the two species were significantly different; C. saburrae consumed benthic or epiphytic crustaceans, while S. cristata consumed plants and detritus. Similarly, the gastrointestinal microbiota were significantly different between the two species. Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant class identified in all samples, regardless of species, but S. cristata had higher relative abundances of Vibrionaceae, Methylococcaceae, and Fusobacteriaceae than did C. saburrae. These findings suggest that closely related species with vastly different diets results in distinct gastrointestinal bacterial communities. Lastly, digestive tract length and diet of these blennies were correlated with specific gastrointestinal microbiota, providing further evidence that these two factors may play a critical role in shaping gut microbial communities. Further research is necessary to tease apart the gut associated microbiota and transient microbiota and determine the role they play in digestion and trophic status of these fishes.
Markov switching modelling of shooting performance variability and teammate interactions in basketball

In basketball, measures of individual player performance provide critical guidance for a broad spectrum of decisions related to training and game strategy. However, most studies on this topic focus on performance level measurement, neglecting other important factors, such as performance variability. Here we model shooting performance variability by using Markov switching models, assuming the existence of two alternating performance regimes related to the positive or negative synergies that specific combinations of players may create on the court. The main goal of this analysis is to investigate the relationships between each player's performance variability and team line‐up composition by assuming shot‐varying transition probabilities between regimes. Relationships between pairs of players are then visualized in a network graph, highlighting positive and negative interactions between teammates. On the basis of these interactions, we build a score for the line‐ups, which we show correlates with the line‐up's shooting performance. This confirms that interactions between teammates detected by the Markov switching model directly affect team performance, which is information that would be enormously useful to coaches when deciding which players should play together.
The formulation of the RANS equations for supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows

Abstract Accurate prediction of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows is essential to the design of high-speed aerospace vehicles. Such flows are mainly predicted using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach in general, and in particular turbulence models using the effective viscosity approximation. Several terms involving the turbulent kinetic energy (k) appear explicitly in the RANS equations through the modelling of the Reynolds stresses in such approach, and similar terms appear in the mean total energy equation. Some of these terms are often ignored in low, or even supersonic, speed simulations with zero-equation models, as well as some one- or two-equation models. The omission of these terms may not be appropriate under hypersonic conditions. Nevertheless, this is a widespread practice, even for very high-speed turbulent flow simulations, because many software packages still make such approximations. To quantify the impact of ignoring these terms in the RANS equations, two linear two-equation models and one non-linear two-equation model are applied to the computation of five supersonic and hypersonic benchmark cases, one 2D zero-pressure gradient hypersonic flat plate case and four shock wave boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) cases. The surface friction coefficients and velocity profiles predicted with different combinations of the turbulent kinetic energy terms present in the transport equations show little sensitivity to the presence of these terms in the zero-pressure gradient case. In the SWBLI cases, however, comparisons show that inclusion of k in the mean flow equations can have a strong effect on the prediction of flow separation. Therefore, it is highly recommended to include all the turbulent kinetic energy terms in the mean flow equations when dealing with simulations of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows, especially for flows with SWBLIs. As a further consequence, since k may not be obtained explicitly in zero-equation, or certain one-equation, models, it is debatable whether these models are suitable for simulations of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows with SWBLIs.