Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Heavy Fe-Doping on 3D Growth Mode and Fe Diffusion in GaN for High Power HEMT Application

The high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures on Si (111) substrates were fabricated with heavily Fe-doped GaN buffer layers by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The heavy Fe concentrations employed for the purpose of highly insulating buffer resulted in Fe segregation and 3D island growth, which played the role of a nano-mask. The in situ reflectance measurements revealed a transition from 2D to 3D growth mode during the growth of a heavily Fe-doped GaN:Fe layer. The 3D growth mode of Fe nano-mask can effectively annihilate edge-type threading dislocations and improve transfer properties in the channel layer, and consequently decrease the vertical leakage current by one order of magnitude for the applied voltage of 1000 V. Moreover, the employment of GaN:C film on GaN:Fe buffer can further reduce the buffer leakage-current and effectively suppress Fe diffusion.
Dynamic capabilities and organizational ambidexterity: New strategies from emerging market multinational enterprises in Nigeria

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Effects of Conceptual Titles on the Aesthetic Appreciation of Artistic Photographs

Conceptual information is central to the field of artistic photography. Nonetheless, there are very few studies on the matter. Therefore, we investigated whether artist's conceptual titles affected viewers’ interest in artistic photographs. Experiment 1 showed that adding artist's conceptual titles increased both the rated liking of and interest in the photographs, whereas adding a descriptive title had no effect. For Experiment 2 participants judged the pairing of photographs with artist-generated conceptual titles as more appropriate than plausible or random pairings, supporting the view that artist's conceptual titles are an essential part of the artwork. In Experiment 3, interest was assessed by asking participants to place adjustable-size frames anywhere on the photographs. Participants selected more interest areas on photographs accompanied by conceptual titles than on those unaccompanied by titles. These findings support the hypothesis that conceptual information provided by the artist's titles increases interest and liking in photographs.
THE EFFECTS OF GROWTH CONTROLS ON THE HOMEBUILDING INDUSTRY

This thesis will investigate the impacts of residential growth controls on the homebuilding industry in southern Orange County, California. As a result of rapid population growth, communities across the country and in California in particular, have implemented growth control plans in an effort to maintain the quality of life of the community as well as to minimize the impacts of rapid growth on both existing and future services and facilities. Growth controls have contributed to a more regulatory environment with a longer approvals process that exacts large impact and permit fees. These fees, in combination with the high cost of land, result in the highest median price for a single family home in the nation. This thesis examines the types of homebuilders that can survive in this environment and the business strategies they use. Examples of the costs a homebuilder incurs when undertaking a project in a community that has implemented growth controls have been provided in addition to a discussion of the impacy that these costs have on the economic and social community at large. Thesis Supervisor: Michael Wheeler Title: Lecturer in Urban Studies and Planning
CONTABILIDADE DE GESTÃO EM PORTUGAL: ESTUDO EMPÍRICO NAS EMPRESAS COTADAS NA BOLSA PORTUGUESA

This paper aims to contribute for the knowledge of management accounting practices in companies listed on Euronext Lisbon, because the knowledge of the application these practices in Portuguese companies is very scarce. The specific objectives focus particularly in two practices, which the methods still are the subject of much research: valuation of products and services, and evaluation of performance. The questionnaire was sent by email to 46 companies under national law with shares listed on Euronext Lisbon. The results indicate that most companies don’t use the CBA as a method of valuation, or they use the BSC as a method of performance evaluation, so confirms that they don’t use the most appropriate methods, considered by the theory. However, the most companies allocate their indirect costs by cost objects, and realize the performance evaluation through a set of financial and nonfinancial measures, as proposed by the theory.
Review of the Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Orthopedic Disease

Exosomes can be derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and have recently been used to treat defects in the tendons. They may also have applications in treating osteoporosis. MSC-derived exosomes communicate with mesenchymal and osteogenic cells through endocrine or paracrine mechanisms and contribute factors involved in physiological and pathological orthopedic conditions associated with hypoxia and bone tumors. Also, generalized medical conditions, such as obesity, hyperglycemia, and degenerative diseases, can inhibit the osteogenic effect of MSC-derived exosomes. This review aims to present an update on the roles of MSCs and exosomes derived from MSCs in treating orthopedic diseases, such as osteoporosis, and in the repair of cartilage, tendons, and bone fractures.
Safe household drinking water via BioSand filtration pilot project evaluation and feasibility of a BioSand pitcher filter

The author traveled to the Lumbini district of Nepal's southern Terai region to assess the performance of 10 recently installed concrete BioSand filters. Filter performance and source water quality were evaluated using membrane filtration for enumeration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and total coliform bacteria, presence/absence tests for hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) producing bacteria, turbidity and flow rate measurements. Filter flow rates varied from 1.0 to 37.5 L/hr; improper sand preparation and filter commissioning for some units may be responsible for the variation observed. Turbidity removal was high for all systems; filters treating highly turbid source water (176.0 – 360.0 NTU) were observed to remove between 98.7 and 99.8% of turbidity. Results from microbial analyses were mixed. Whereas two BioSand filters were removing 99% of E. coli from highly contaminated influent water, three were found to be sources of E. coli contamination for relatively clean source water. Very poor correlation (38% false negative rate) was observed between H 2 S and membrane filtration test results, even in samples with >1000 cfu E. coli/100 mL. Winter temperatures of approximately 10 o C (50 o F) were thought to significantly decrease the accuracy of H 2 S tests as detectors of fecal contamination in drinking water. The BioSand pitcher filter was conceptualized during field investigations as a smaller, cheaper alternative to the concrete BioSand filters. Pitcher filters might also potentially serve as bench-scale models of the larger BioSand filters. Field and laboratory experiments were performed to conduct a preliminary evaluation of pitcher filter viability by cross-checking their performance with the concurrent performance of concrete and plastic Davnor BioSand filters. Microbial removal performance of experimental pitcher filters was comparable to the existing BioSand filters. E. coli removal efficiencies of two field pitcher filters (averaged over 3 days) were 80 and 86%, as compared to 81 and 87% for concrete BioSand filters. Laboratory pitcher filters ripened with E. coli spiked Charles River water for 28 days, then challenged with dilute wastewater, showed removal efficiencies of 97%, as compared to 95% for a plastic BioSand filter. A strong correlation was observed between biofilm maturation periods and source water quality; lower quality influent water facilitated biofilm ripening. and the other women motivators For all of the wonderful men in my life! Thank you for teaching me to drive in the middle of all this. A big smile for the Nepal team – to Rob and …
Do Drinking Norms, Motives, and Drinking Behaviors Differ by Age Group among Korean Women?

Background: Drinking norms and motives accumulate with drinking experience; thus, it is likely that related drinking behaviors will differ with age. This study aimed to predict drinking behaviors by age based on drinking norms and motives in a sample of Korean women. Methods: This exploratory study used a nationwide demographically stratified sample including 1057 women aged 19–59 years. Self-report questionnaires assessed participants’ general drinking frequency and quantity, two drinking norms, and five dimensional motives. The data were analyzed using Spss 26. Results: Descriptive and injunctive norms were the predictors that accounted for the greatest variance in drinking frequency, quantity, binge drinking, and high-risk drinking across all age groups (p < 0.001). Descriptive norms predicted all drinking behavior better than injunctive norms and all five motives for all age groups. The effects of each of the five motives differed with age. The enhancement motive was the strongest predictor of the motives for drinking frequency, binge drinking, and high-risk drinking across all age groups. Social and conformity motives predicted only binge drinking. Conclusions: These results suggest that descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and enhancement motives predict drinking behaviors across all age groups, although the relative predictive strength of those variables differed by age.
Model refinement of unsteady RANS and its practical applications in the field of hydraulic engineering

v vortex) with different swirl numbers using standard and non-linear k–ε models. Although a rapid decay of tangential and axial velocity is seen in standard model, the non-linear model shows good agreement with previous DNS results. Five different time periods are observed in the growth/decay profile of turbulence kinetic energy. It is found that the rate of temporal decay in tangential velocity increases with the decrease of swirl number (q). 3D numerical simulation is carried out for an ideal Rankine vortex using both RANS and LES. The prediction of vortex decay by RANS model shows good agreement with LES. The profile of water surface is found to be depressed near the central area of the vortex with a minimum water depth at the center. A numerical simulator based on the full staggered boundary fitted coordinate method incorporated with 2nd order non-linear k–ε model is used for the analysis of complex turbulent flows in an open channel with rectangular side-cavity. Simulation shows that the flow in a dead zone is characterized by three types of flow phenomena: circulation inside the dead-zone, periodic coherent vortices at the interface, and water surface oscillation inside the dead zone. The temporal variation of water surface shows a depressed water depth at the center of coherent vortices. This depression of the free surface moves downward with time along the interface, as seen in the movement of coherent vortices in flow vectors. It is observed that the period of dead-zone oscillation is same as that of instability vortex. Each cycle of velocity variation consists two components of oscillations. The long period oscillation is due to seiche, and the short oscillation is caused by shear instability.
Metagenomics analysis reveals universal signatures of the intestinal microbiota in colorectal cancer, regardless of regional differences

The human gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms living in our intestines and has emerged as an important factor for colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC). The purpose of our study was to investigate the microbiota composition in Brazilian CRC patients compared with a local control population (CTL) to find out which changes could be considered universal or regional features in CRC microbiota. Fecal samples were obtained from 28 CRC and 23 CTL individuals. The 16S rRNA gene was used for metagenomic analysis. In addition to the anthropometric variables, the clinical stage (TNM 2018) was considered. Patients with CRC had a significant increase in alpha diversity and a higher percentage of genus Prevotella and a decreased proportion of Megamonas and Ruminococcus. Additionally, the proportion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was associated with a better prognosis in the first stages of CRC, and Fusobacterium nucleatum proved to be an important marker of colorectal carcinogenesis and tumor aggressiveness. Although regional differences influence the composition of the microbiota, in the case of CRC, the microhabitat created by the tumor seems to be a major factor. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the carcinogenic process, and even in different environments, some factors appear to be characteristic of the microbiota of patients with CRC.
Inflorescence Transcriptome Sequencing and Development of New EST-SSR Markers in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) is known for its adaptability, good nutrition, and medicinal and health care value. However, genetic studies of buckwheat have been hindered by limited genomic resources and genetic markers. In this study, Illumina HiSeq 4000 high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the transcriptome of green-flower common buckwheat (Gr) with coarse pedicels and white-flower Ukrainian daliqiao (UD) with fine pedicels. A total of 118,448 unigenes were obtained, with an average length of 1248 bp and an N50 of 1850 bp. A total of 39,432 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the DEGs of the porphyrins and chlorophyll metabolic pathway had significantly upregulated expression in Gr. Then, a total of 17,579 sequences containing SSR loci were detected, and 20,756 EST-SSR loci were found. The distribution frequency of EST-SSR in the transcriptome was 17.52%, and the average distribution density was 8.21 kb. A total of 224 pairs of primers were randomly selected for synthesis; 35 varieties of common buckwheat and 13 varieties of Tartary buckwheat were verified through these primers. The clustering results well verified the previous conclusion that common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat had a distant genetic relationship. The EST-SSR markers identified and developed in this study will be helpful to enrich the transcriptome information and marker-assisted selection breeding of buckwheat.
Fabrication of bioactive osteogenic controlled-release systems, cellular platforms, and cellular capsules using layer -by -layer nanoassembly

There is an ever-increasing awareness that the field of tissue engineering offers many potential solutions to clinical problems. While advances along these lines have been made, the design and implementation of an "off the shelf tissue is yet to be realized. Thus, the objectives of this work were largely aimed at the design and fabrication of biocompatible, bioactive structures which could be integrated into existing biomaterial products. The electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique was used to incorporate biologically relevant molecules within controlled release systems, cell culture platforms, and 3-D cellular capsules. Two delivery systems were investigated to determine the release of a model drug, dexamethasone (DEX). In the first system, nanothin polyelectrolyte (PE) layers were applied to the micronized drug crystals as a diffusion barrier. In the second system, DEX was physically entrapped within calcium alginate microspheres which were further modified with PE layers. The fabrication of cell culture platforms functionalized with nanothin layers of PEs, Ti()2 nanoparticles, and the growth factor TGFPi was achieved through ultrasonic nebulization. Finally, individual cellular capsules were fabricated by elaborating the LbL process on mesenchymal stem cell and human dermal fibroblast templates. Materials characterization and cell culture testing were performed as preliminary indicators of potential cytotoxicity. Release of the drug DEX was enhanced when
A moving target: Black middle-class parents school strategies in a segregated city and suburb

ABSTRACT Drawing from an ethnography, this paper evaluates the motivations of Black American and Black immigrant parents when selecting high schools for their millennial teenage children in a segregated city and suburbs of New York. Black middle class parents encounter racial exclusion in the areas of work and residence. However, more research is needed to understand how they negotiate segregated schools. Analysis of interviews with 60 Black middle class parents suggests that choosing schools reveals parents’ strategies of intergenerational mobility for their Black children. Urban parents believed that contact with a racially diverse student body was a key indicator of school quality. Black American suburban parents who chose their local school exhibited faith in the curricular diversity of public schools, while immigrant parents believed in the superiority of a private school education. This pattern exacerbated the economic vulnerability of immigrant families who pay high tuition costs in an already high tax suburbs. These findings demonstrate how racial inequity, class precarity, culture and space shape how Black families navigate the moving target of educating their children.
Effect of Phosphorylation on the Structure and Emulsification Properties of Different Fish Scale Gelatins

This study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphorylation on the structure and emulsification of Coregonus peled, Esox lucius and Grass carp scale gelatin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and endogenous fluorescence spectra showed that the structures of the three fish scale gelatins changed. Additionally, the surface hydrophobicity index of the three fish scale gelatins increased by 36.72, 31.42 and 111.67, respectively, after 1 h of phosphorylation, and the surface tension decreased by 17.27, 32.58 and 18.7 mN/m, respectively. The emulsification activity index increased by 115.86, 155.22 and 45.52 m2/g, and the emulsification stability index increased by 98.37, 256.77 and 169.61 min, respectively. The structure of fish scale gelatin changed after phosphorylation, which resulted in the improvement of emulsification. This work will provide useful information to understand the relationship between the structure and function of gelatin.
Investigations of coal beneficiation by using choline chloride and urea-based deep eutectic solvent

ABSTRACT The present study reports on the interaction, influence, and dissolution properties of coal samples (CS) by a green solvent, deep eutectic solvent (DES), prepared from choline chloride and urea. The bituminous coal has been collected from the Singrauli coalfield in India. DES was synthesized using urea as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HA) and choline chloride as a hydrogen bond donor (HD) in an equimolar amount. The synthesized DES has been used in the study for swelling behavior, proximate and ultimate analysis, and FTIR to understand the beneficiation of coal after DES treatment. The swelling index of DES-treated coal ranges from 1.12 to 1.43 when compared to raw CS. FTIR confirms the presence of different oxygen-containing phenolic, aromatic, and aliphatic hydrocarbon containing functional groups present in coal samples. Quantitative analysis of FTIR peaks was carried out through the Gaussian function peak processing method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the raw coal and treated sample confirms the reduction of oxygen-carrying and phenolic vibrational groups by up to 86%. The ultimate and proximate analysis of raw coal and DES-treated CS shows the decrease in ash content (up to 26%) of DES-treated coal samples and confirms the FTIR results. Calorific value in the form of fixed carbon content was also increased by up to 4.7% after DES treatment. Hence, DES treatment efficiently benefits coal properties and makes them more useful for the industrial environment.
Sustainable Downstream Separation of Itaconic Acid Using Carbon-Based Adsorbents

Separation of itaconic acid from aqueous solution has been explored using various carbon-based adsorbents obtained from the pyrolysis and KOH activation of coconut shell biomass. The best preparation conditions to obtain a tailored adsorbent for itaconic acid purification were identified via a Taguchi experimental design, where its adsorption properties were maximized. The best activated carbon was obtained via coconut shell pyrolysis at 750 °C for 4 h plus an activation with 0.1 KOH and a final treatment at 800 °C for 2 h. This adsorbent showed an adsorption capacity of 4.31 mmol/g at 20 °C and pH 3 with a surface area of 466 m2/g. Itaconic acid separation was exothermic and pH-dependent where electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonding were the main adsorption interactions. Calculated adsorption rate constants for itaconic acid adsorption were 0.44–1.20 h-1. Results of adsorbent characterization analysis indicated the presence of a crystallization of itaconic acid molecules onto the activated carbon surface where 3–4 molecules could interact to form the clusters. This organic acid was recovered from the adsorbent surface via desorption with water or ethanol, thus facilitating its final purification. The best activated carbon obtained in this study is a promising alternative to perform sustainable and energy-efficient downstream separation and purification of itaconic acid produced via fermentation.
A Systematic Literature Review of Dynamic Pricing Strategies

Due to its success and acceptance in the airline and hospitality industry and the growing availability of behavioral, engagement, and attitudinal consumer data, dynamic pricing strategies are gaining popularity. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to answer the research question about how do dynamic pricing strategies affect customer perceptions and behaviors to avoid negative consumer reactions. The synthesis of over 50 articles revealed eight different research streams like for example the factors moderating the impact of dynamic pricing on customer behavior, strategic purchasing behavior in response to dynamic pricing, effect of dynamic pricing on customer perception of fairness, personalized dynamic pricing (PDP) and channel differentiated pricing. To advance future research, this systematic literature review identified the six propositions for further research like for example the assessment of the efficacy of different types of communication by firms seeking to mitigate the negative impacts of dynamic pricing and the assessment of the role and relevant importance of consumers’ personal characteristics upon their perceptions of price changes. The findings of this study have a practical impact for managers and scholars. Scholars may use them to update their research agendas and managers to optimize their pricing strategies to increase revenues.