Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morfoanatomía en Cranichideae (Orchidaceae) de la Estación Loma Redonda del Parque Nacional "Sierra Nevada", Mérida, Venezuela

Se realizo un estudio morfoanatomico de los organos vegetativos y del pedunculo de tres representantes de la subtribu Cranichidinae s.l. (Orchidaceae): Aa paleacea , Myrosmodes paludosa y Pterichis multiflora , de la estacion Loma Redonda del Teleferico de Merida, del Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada. Estas tres especies se estudiaron con el fin de determinar la posible existencia de caracteres diagnosticos asi como la presencia de caracteres adaptativos al paramo. Se recolectaron plantas adultas. Se determinaron caracteres comunes: raices rollizas, velamen y exodermis uniestratificado, exodermis con engrosamientos escalareiformes en las paredes radiales, espirantosomas en la corteza y hojas glabras arrosetadas. Se reporta por primera vez mesofilo diferenciado en Cranichideae. Se determinaron los siguientes caracteres diagnosticos: grosor de la corteza radicular; numero de corridas de celulas de la empalizada y esponjoso; diferentes tipos de estelas en el pedunculo. Algunos de estos caracteres se consideran adaptativos al ambiente: raices rollizas, corteza compacta; hojas pequenas y brillantes de cuticula gruesa, desarrollo de empalizada; pedunculo con epidermis y cuticula gruesa Se considera Myrosmodes paludosa como la mas xeromorfica. Se presenta una clave de caracteres morfologicos y otra de caracteres anatomicos.
Lipid and gross energy content of North Atlantic right whale food, Calanus finmarchicus, in the Bay of Fundy

We address spatial and temporal distribution of abundance, lipid and caloric content and water column energy density of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, a major food source for the north Atlantic right whale (NARW) Eubalaena glacialis in a primary feeding habitat — Grand Manan Basin, Bay of Fundy. The focus is on the lipid-rich diapausing copepodite stage 5 (C5) that dominates the zooplankton community during the summer and autumn whale-feeding period. We show that from May through July 2002, monthly averages of depth-integrated zooplankton wet biomass ( 0.88, p < 0.05) to the abundance and quality (i.e. energy density) of food available in the habitat. Thus, a water column-integrated energy density of 3 kJ m -3 appears to be a reasonable minimum estimate of that needed to define a right whale feeding habitat, though subject to spatial and temporal variation. Accordingly, inter-annual variation in the abundance and energy content of C5s will influence right whale feeding success and may influence arrival at and departure to and from, as well as seasonal residency in, primary feeding habitats. We suggest that prey field examinations and estimates of the type presented here should advance insights concerning the nature and location of other potential habitats as well as variation in right whale condition and reproductive capacity.
Occurrence of the diffuse amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) deposits with numerous Aβ‐containing glial cells in the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease

Diffuse amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) deposits with numerous glial cells containing C‐terminal Aβ fragments occur in the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. By using a panel of antibodies specific for various epitopes in the Aβ peptide, we have investigated the immunohistochemical nature of the diffuse Aβ deposits. The extracellular material contains Aβ with a C‐terminus at residue valine40 (Aβ40) as well as residues alanine42/threonine43 (Aβ42). The N‐termini include aspartate1, pyroglutamate3, and pyroglutamate11, with pyroglutamate3 being dominant. Microglia and astrocytes in and around these deposits contain intensely staining granules. Most of these granules are negative for antibodies to the N‐terminally located sequences of Aβ. These include 6E10 (Aβ1–17), 6F/3D (Aβ8–17), and the N‐terminal antibodies specific to aspartate1, pyroglutamate3, and pyroglutamate11. The C‐termini of intraglial Aβ are comparable with those of the extracellular deposits. The microglia and astrocytes have quiescent morphology compared with those associated with senile plaques and other lesions such as ischemia. Complement activation in these deposits is not prominent and often below the sensitivity of immunohistochemical detection. Although factors which may cause this type of deposit remain unclear, lack of strong tissue responses suggests that these deposits are a very early stage of Aβ deposition. They were found only inconsistently and were absent in a number of cases examined in this study. Further analysis of these deposits might provide important clues regarding the accumulation and clearance of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease brain. GLIA 25:324–331, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Larval development of Brachynotus sexdentatus (Risso, 1827) (Decapoda, Brachyura) reared under laboratory conditions, with notes on larval characters of the Varunidae

Summary The complete larval development of Brachynotus sexdentatus (Risso, 1827) was obtained by culture in the laboratory. Five zoeal stages, megalop and first crab are described and illustrated. Larval development from hatching to megalop stage took a minimum of 17 days at 23°C. The morphological characters of the larvae of B. sexdentatus are compared with those of the previous descriptions of plankton-collected material and other known larvae of the genus Brachynotus. Larval features of the recently redefined Varunidae are evaluated taking into account all previous larval descriptions from this family. A combination of consistent characters can be used to distinguish varunid zoeas and megalops stages from the early life stages of all other grapsoid families.
Heritabilities of Measures of Somatic Cell Count per Lactation

Abstract Measures per lactation of somatic cell count were developed from monthly test-day observations for 3,966 Holstein cows on the official test option of the Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis Service. Cows were daughters of 99 sires that had five or more daughters in two or more herds. Two lactation periods were considered. One was based on all somatic cell counts regardless of stage of lactation, and the other included only cell counts after 45 days postpartum. Data were processed both on the original (1000 cells/ml) and log (natural) transformed scales. Lactation measures of somatic cell count considered were arithmetic, geometric, harmonic, and weighted (by milk yield) means, median, range, coefficient of variation, ratio of high to low test, and percent tests over 300, 400, and 500 thousand cells/ml for complete and partial lactations and days to highest test, cell count on first test, regression on days in milk, and intercept at day 45 postpartum for partial lactations. Heritabilities of measures were estimated from sire and error variances obtained by iterative minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation. Heritabilities ranged from 0 to . 14 with the highest for averages of log transformed cell counts. Heritabilities of measures on partial lactations, from day 45 postpartum, were generally lower than corresponding measures on entire lactations.
Macauba palm cake as additive in elephant grass silage

The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of macauba palm cake (Acrocomia aculeata) on the chemical composition, fermentation and aerobic stability of elephant grass silages (Pennisetum purpureum). The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments were composed of six levels of macauba palm cake (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30%) as additive to elephant grass silage. Dry matter and ethereal extract content of the silage increased linearly with the inclusion of the additive. Addition levels of 15.54% would provide 35% of dry mass, and the limit of 7.00% of ethereal extract in the silage could be obtained with 10.47%. The neutral detergent fiber content reduced linearly from 68.97 to 52.59%, but lignin increased linearly from 6.56 to 7.70%. There was a reduction of 0.17% in the ammoniacal nitrogen content for each 1% of cake. The minimum value of dry matter losses (1.33%) was estimated to the inclusion level of 23.70%. The aerobic stability increased with inclusions between 18 and 24% of cake. The use of levels between 10 and 15% of macauba palm cake are sufficient to optimize dry matter and ethereal extract contents of the silages and to provide a high aerobic stability with minimum losses.
Diversification of the endemic Himalayan monsoon-season beetle genus Calloserica inferred from a cladistic analysis (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Sericini)

A cladistic analysis of the species of Calloserica Brenske, 1894, was executed using 49 morphological characters of adults. The generated phylogenetic tree supports the monophyly of the genus and the sister-group relationship between Pachyserica and (Gastroserica, Neoserica). Allopatric speciation is discussed as an important mechanism for explaining present tree topology and distribution patterns. Emergence of adults (and mating) during the monsoon season is considered to be a major factor for stimulating the diversification of this group, resulting in its highly restricted distribution and a high degree of endemism. Two new species are described from Nepal: Calloserica capillata, sp. nov. and C. manangensis, sp. nov.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a broad class of environmentally persistent chemicals that include thousands of potentially toxic synthetic organic molecules. Some PFAS have been shown to cause adverse health effects including decreased total cholesterol, birth weight, and reproductive success in laboratory animals; however, a lack of chronic toxicity data exists for PFAS in avian ecological receptors. The present study reports on the chronic toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and a mixture of PFOS and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) to northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) via oral exposure from drinking water. Female weight gain was adversely affected at an average daily intake (ADI) of 3.10 × 10± 0.15 × 10 mg PFOS:PFHxS (1.2:1) mixture × kg body weight × d. Successful liberation from the shell once pipped was adversely affected at an ADI of 2.45 × 10± 0.01 × 10 mg PFOS x kg body weight × d. These values are comparatively much lower than the current dietary avian toxicity reference value (TRV) derived from birds that were exposed via feed, suggesting the need for updated avian TRVs. Relationships between test chemical (PFOS) and test substance (PFOS:PFHxS) showed that PFOS and PFHxS have possible interacting effects in avian receptors and likely differing mechanisms of toxicity depending on chemical co‐occurrence and dose. Both the single‐chemical and mixture exposures produced similar and possibly additive toxicity values. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1101–1111. © 2020 SETAC
Noise-Robust Speech Recognition System based on Multimodal Audio-Visual Approach Using Different Deep Learning Classification Techniques

This paper extends an earlier work on designing a speech recognition system based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classification technique of using visual modality in addition to audio modality[1]. Improved off traditional HMM-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) accuracy is achieved by implementing a technique using either RNN-based or CNN-based approach. This research is intending to deliver two contributions: The first contribution is the methodology of choosing the visual features by comparing different visual features extraction methods like Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), blocked DCT, and Histograms of Oriented Gradients with Local Binary Patterns (HOG+LBP), and applying different dimension reduction techniques like Principal Component Analysis (PCA), auto-encoder, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to find the most effective features vector size. Then the obtained visual features are early integrated with the audio features obtained by using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and feed the combined audio-visual feature vector to the classification process. The second contribution of this research is the methodology of developing the classification process using deep learning by comparing different Deep Neural Network (DNN) architectures like Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) with the traditional HMM. The proposed model is evaluated on two multi-speakers AV-ASR datasets named AVletters and GRID with different SNR. The model performs speaker-independent experiments in AVlettter dataset and speaker-dependent in GRID dataset.
Participation in Public Administration Revisited

Participation has been a relevant issue in public administration research and theory for several decades, especially in old democracies. However, recent processes of globalization, Europeanization and digitalisation, coupled with diminishing citizens’ trust in public institutions, have again made the concept of public participation topical. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical reflection on the concept and substance of participation in public administration and on research efforts. In order to do so, administrative participation is first defined and distinguished from other types of participation in modern democracies (political and civil participation). Participation in public administration encompasses the processes through which the public is directly involved in regulative and implementation functions of administrative organizations, as well as in the oversight of their functioning. The three main categories of participationin public administration are elaborated – regulative, implementing and oversight participation – together with some apparent forms (instruments) within each category. The main principles upon which administrative participation is based are also explained – transparency, openness, responsiveness and trust. The final part of the paper contains an overview of the existing research and evaluation of participation in public administration. The twofold value of participation – intrinsic and instrumental – is explained, its potential benefits and shortcomings are listed, and a distinction between the process and outcome dimension of participation is elaborated. Although the literature has become rather extensive and refined, one can conclude that unambiguous findings on the practical effects of participation are still deficient, especially with regard to its dependence on different contextual – especially organizational – variables. Therefore, some conceptual and methodological observations for further research are formulated.
Relative Contribution of Hetero-and Auto-trophic Growth to Genotypic Variation of Seedling Vigor in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract To elucidate the major physiological process to cause genotypic variation in the seedling vigor of rice, we analyzed the dry matter accumulation in the seedling for diverse cultivars distinguishing hetero- and auto-trophic growth. Four cultivars in Exp. 1 and 63 cultivars in Exp. 2 were grown in a glasshouse by hydroponics for about three weeks. In Exp. 1, heterotrophic dry weight (DWh) was regressed against thermal time (T, ºC d) by logistic functions, in which the final heterotrophic dry weight (DWh.Max) was considered the primary determinant of heterotrophic growth rate. The increase of autotrophic dry weight (DWa, DWt (total DW)-DWh) was regressed to the exponential function of T with a fairly stable parameter, relative growth rate (RGR). The variation of DWt among cultivars and seed-sizes was well represented by combining the DWh and DWa models. In Exp. 2, DWt varied among cultivars from 51 to 116 mg pl-1. The effects of cultivar-specific parameters, DWh.Max (final DWh) and RGR, were evaluated by calculating the standard DWt with the mean DWh.Max and RGR, and then substituting one of the two cultivar-specific parameters for every cultivar. The results showed that those cultivars whose superior DWt was attributable to DWh.Max were limited to very large-seed cultivars. If they were excluded, the estimated effect of RGR (autotrophic process) on DWt was evidently greater than that of DWh.Max (heterotrophic process).
Meiofaunal Grazing of Bacteria and Algae in a Piedmont Stream

Studies were conducted to measure the rate at which meiofauna in White Clay Creek, Pennsylvania, graze epibenthic diatoms and bacteria, and to relate consumption rates to microbial production rates or abundances. Grazing rates were obtained by two methods: 1) taxon-specific grazing was measured from the ingestion of fluorescently labeled native bacteria (FLB) and diatoms (FLD) introduced into epibenthic communities and 2) grazing by the entire meiofaunal assemblage was measured by comparing the rate of change in bacterial and diatom densities between sediment communities with ambient and reduced meiofaunal densities. Bacterial productivity was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and algal productivity by O2 evolution. In some experiments the impact of meiofaunal grazing was assessed by calculating the generation times required by bacteria and diatoms to compensate for grazing losses. Bacteriovory rates (bacteria· individual-1· h-1) ranged from 6 for nematodes to 2125 for rotifers. Algivory rates (diatoms· individual-1· h-1) ranged from 0 for some nematodes and rotifers to 13.5 for one rotifer taxon. Grazing measured by reducing meiofaunal density generally yielded bacterivory and algivory rates of the same order of magnitude as those obtained with the FLB and FLD technique. Meiofauna ingested only a small fraction of bacterial production except when rotifers and large ciliates were abundant. The proportion of algal productivity ingested was 0.8 and 2.5% when meiofaunal densities were low, but at high densities the calculated generation times needed for diatoms to offset grazing losses ranged from 1.3 to 5.7 d, suggesting significant grazing pressure. In the White Clay Creek epibenthos, meiofauna probably ingest little bacterial production, but they may remove a significant portion of diatom production, especially during periods of high meiofaunal density.
The Impact of Timing of Surgery and the Anesthesia Technique in Hip Fracture Surgery on In-hospital Mortality and Length of Hospital Stay

Received Date: 29.03. 2018 Accepted Date: 17.06. 2019 Corresponding Author: Gülay Kır, E-mail: drglycnr@yahoo.com ORCID IDs of the authors: G.K. 0000-0002-2487-359X; M.B. 0000-0002-8321-6346; K.K. 0000-0002-5126-1425; M. Ç. K. 0000-0002-5073-7401; K.P. 0000-0002-7504-4388 ABSTRACT Objective: To point the positive impact of early surgery (performed within 48 hours) and non-general anesthesia techniques on early outcomes like inhospital mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS). Methods: Seven hundred and ten patients were included in this retrospective study. Patients aged 50 years and over, who were admitted to our hospital with hip fracture, were included, while the patients with pathological fractures or polytraumatic injuries were excluded. Results: The median age of the patients was 75.8±10,. 3 years. Four hundred and sixty-nine (66.1%) patients were female. Six hundred and eighty-two patients (96.1%) were treated surgically, 16 patients (2.25%) received conservative treatment and 12 patients (1.7%) died before scheduled surgery. General anesthesia (n=328), spinal anesthesia (n=268), unilateral spinal anesthesia (n=47), peripheral nerve block (n=29), and combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia (n=10) were the anesthesia techniques used for surgery. Patients who were treated within 48 hours (G1) had lower in-hospital mortality than the patients who were treated lately (G2) (0.8% vs 4,7%). The LOS for G1 was 8.6 days whereas it was 17.5 days for G2 (p<0.001). Mortality rates and median LOS of the anesthesia techniques were 5.5% and 15 days with general anesthesia, 2.2% and 14 days with spinal, and 4.3% and 13 days with unilateral spinal anesthesia. There were no deaths in 10 patients with 11.5 days of LOS, who received CSE anesthesia, while the mortality rate of the peripheral nerve block group was 3.4% with 10 days of LOS. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the surgical repair of the fractured hip should be performed within the first 48 hours, with a non-general anesthesia technique in order to reduce in-hospital mortality and LOS.
Submerged macrophytes as indicators of the ecological quality of lakes

Summary 1. We analysed submerged macrophyte communities from 300 Danish lakes to determine the efficacy of different species, maximum colonisation depth (Cmax) of plants as well as coverage and plant volume inhabited (PVI) as indicators of eutrophication. 2. Most species occurred at a wide range of phosphorus and chlorophyll a (Chla) concentrations, but some species of isoetids (Lobelia, Isoetes) and Potamogeton (Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton alpinus and Potamogeton filiformis) were mainly found at low nutrient concentrations and hence may be considered as indicators of nutrient poor conditions. However, species typically found in nutrient-rich conditions, such as Elodea canadensis and Potamogeton pectinatus, were also found at total phosphorus (TP) <0.02 mg P L−1 and Chla <5 μg L−1 and therefore cannot be considered as reliable indicators of eutrophic conditions. 3. Submerged macrophyte coverage, PVI and the Cmax were negatively correlated with TP and Chla. However, variability among lakes was high and no clear thresholds were observed. At TP between 0.03 and 0.07 mg P L−1 plant coverage in shallow lakes ranged from nearly 0 to 100%, whilst at concentrations between 0.10 and 0.20 mg P L−1 only 29% of the lakes had coverage >10%. Cmax was found to be a useful indicator only in deep lakes with unvegetated areas in the deeper part, whereas the use of coverage was restricted to shallow lakes or shallow areas of deep lakes. 4. Overall, submerged macrophytes responded clearly to eutrophication, but the metrics investigated here showed no well-defined thresholds. We developed a simple index based on species richness, presence of indicator species, coverage and Cmax, which might be used to track major changes in macrophyte communities and for lake classification.
Tidal and Diurnal Effects on Zooplankton Sample Variability in a Nearshore Marine Environment

Two 26-h series of duplicate and replicate vertical zooplankton samples taken at two stations at two different times of the year showed that a periodic fluctuation correlated to the tide was present in the biomass of zooplankton and in the numbers of animals of several copepod species. Diurnally migrating species of zooplankton did not show a tidal correlation. The hour to hour fluctuations in zooplankton were generally more important than the difference between stations 1.6 km apart. Similar relations were found between the zooplankton and the tide in May and August even though there were significant differences in the composition of the zooplankton community during the two periods.Correlation coeficients between all species in all samples showed the presence of a diurnally migrating predator community and a nonmigrating prey community consisting of copepods.An experiment using sample data suggested that to obtain a reasonably accurate estimate of the mean numbers of a given species, one should make at l.