Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PD-L1 expression by Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) and Combined Positive Score (CPS) are similar in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Background For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the most used method for analysing programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is the Tumor Proportion Score (TPS). Nevertheless, for other tumour types, the Combined Positive Score (CPS) has been the method of choice. Aim Evaluate and compare the predictive value of both CPS and TPS as predictors of immunotherapy response in NSCLC, and to evaluate the agreement intra-observer between both methods and inter-observer between two expert lung pathologists. Methods 56 NSCLC patients who were treated with anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 therapy were included. Two pathologists evaluated all cases independently, considering the sample’s adequacy for analysis, and the PD-L1 expression by TPS and CPS. Results The Kappa coefficient for adequacy was 0.82 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.97). There was a high agreement between TPS and CPS and a high agreement between pathologists concerning the two methods. The Kappa coefficient between TPS and CPS was 0.85 for both pathologists, and between pathologists was 0.94 and 0.93 for TPS and CPS, respectively. Conclusions Both methods proved to be equally predictive of response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. There was both a high intra-observer agreement between the two methods and a high inter-observer agreement between pathologists. This study suggests that CPS could also be used in a routine setting for immunotherapy decision in NSCLC.
Influence of the cooling rate on the non-isothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene modified with sorbitol derivative and silsesquioxane

Summary — The influence of 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol (DMDBS) and tetra-silanolphenyl silsesquioxane (phPOSS) on the modification of isotactic polypropylene ( i PP) wasinvestigated. In particular, dependency of crystallization behavior on the cooling rate was deter-mined. To understand these effects the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measure-ments and the crystallization curves were analyzed. Keywords : isotactic polypropylene, silsesquioxane, sorbitol derivative, crystallization.OCENAWP£YWU SZYBKOŒCI CH£ODZENIANAPRZEBIEG NIEIZOTERMICZNEJ KRYSTA-LIZACJI IZOTAKTYCZNEGO POLIPROPYLENU MODYFIKOWANEGO POCHODN¥ SORBI-TOLU I SILSESKWIOKSANEM Streszczenie — W niniejszym artykule opisano modyfikacje izotaktycznego polipropylenu zapomoc¹ 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimetylobenzylideno)sorbitolu (DMDBS) oraz tetrasilanolofenylosilses-kwioksanu (phPOSS). W szczegolnoœci zbadano zale? noœae przebiegu procesu krystalizacji odszybkoœci ch³odzenia w przypadku polipropylenu modyfikowanego uk³adem DMDBS/phPOSS.W tym celu przeprowadzono badania metod¹ skaningowej kalorymetrii ro? nicowej (DSC) orazanalizowano przebieg krzywych krystalizacji.
Cu–MgO Samples Prepared by Mechanochemistry for Catalytic Application

Abstract High-energy ball milling was applied to prepare powder samples by treating copper or copper oxides with magnesium or magnesium oxide. The five samples thus prepared were characterized by physical methods. According to X-ray diffraction the mechanical treatment resulted in the formation of nanostructured powders. Carbon and oxygen impurities and Mg (mainly as oxide) were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the as-milled samples. Four samples, namely, nanocomposite materials prepared by the self-sustaining reaction of copper oxides and magnesium applied in stoichiometric amounts [(Cu 2 O)Mg and (CuO)Mg] and samples produced by mechanical treatment of copper oxides and magnesium oxide [(Cu 2 O) 7 (MgO) 93 and (CuO) 13 (MgO) 87 ] also had copper on the surface. The latter specimens and 3% Cu+MgO were unique in their characteristics to have, after a short hydrogen treatment or after catalytic application, an unusually large concentration of Cu 0 measured by the N 2 O titration method. Temperature-programmed reduction showed, in each case, the existence of reducible copper species on the surface. The quantity of reducible copper was quite low for (Cu 2 O)Mg, (CuO)Mg, and 3% Cu+MgO, whereas almost the total amount of copper of (Cu 2 O) 7 (MgO) 93 and (CuO) 13 (MgO) 87 was available for reduction. Two types of copper species have been detected: bulk CuO with a reduction temperature of about 260°C [characteristic of (CuO)Mg and also found in (Cu 2 O)Mg] and species strongly interacting with the support with a reduction temperature of about 350°C [3% Cu+MgO, (Cu 2 O) 7 (MgO) 93 , (CuO) 13 (MgO) 87 , and also detected in (Cu 2 O)Mg]. The 3% Cu+MgO, exhibited the highest basicity measured by the decomposition of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol and the dimerization of acetone. The samples showed high activity in the dehydrogenation of 2-propanol, whereas their activity in the one-step synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone from acetone was moderate. Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) was formed in low selectivity over the samples prepared by a self-sustaining reaction and 3% Cu+MgO, whereas very high MIBK selectivities were observed over the mixed oxides. These features were correlated with the relative concentration of active sites capable of hydrogenating the carbon–oxygen and carbon–carbon double bond.
Characterization of Wines by Trans-Resveratrol Concentration: A Case Study of Romanian Varieties

The goal of this study was to determine the trans-resveratrol concentration in wine. A set of 70 wine samples from Romania, produced according to the appellation of origin system, were analyzed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. White wines were found to have markedly lower concentrations of trans-resveratrol in comparison with red wines. The values were between 0.025 to 10.23 mg/L for red wine and from 0.074 to 2.572 mg/L for white wine. Red wine is a good dietary source of resveratrol.
Sudarshan Kriya Yoga: A Breath of Hope during COVID-19 Pandemic

Important counter measures to combat an infectious disease pandemic include vaccination, antiviral therapy, and immunomodulation therapy. Vaccinations are disease specific and moreover strain specific, so the protection provided is also specific and limited. Antiviral therapies are costly and require bulk production of drugs, hence globally there is an increased interest toward low-risk, cost-effective complementary alternative therapies, such as Yoga and Ayurveda to tackle the infectious pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is clinical evidence available on the potential complementary role of yogic practices in the management of noncommunicable and communicable diseases. Various online databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2020. Databases explored were Medline, EMBASE, Indian Citation Index, PsycINFO, Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region, and Google Scholar. All search results were screened, and articles related to keywords such as COVID-19, yoga therapy, and Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) were selected for data extraction. Quality of the studies included was evaluated on the basis of the construct validity, content validity, relevance, bias, credibility relating to information, and data sources. SKY is a unique yogic practice that includes specific sequential breathing techniques. It balances the autonomic nervous system and thus can alleviate anxiety, routine stress, depression, stress-related medical disorders, and posttraumatic stress. It potentiates natural host immune defenses that are essential to tackle a plethora of microbial infections. This narrative review article provides an overview of potential therapeutic benefits that SKY can offer to the population at large during this COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of Her2 status using photoacoustic spectroscopic CT techniques

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of using photacoustic CT spectroscopy(PCT-s) to track a near infrared dye conjugated with trastuzumab in vivo. Materials and Methods: An animal model was developed which contained both high and low Her2 expression tumor xenografts on the same mouse. The tumors were imaged at multiple wavelengths (680- 950nm) in the PCT scanner one day prior to injection of the near infrared conjugated probe. Baseline optical imaging data was acquired and the probe was then injected via the tail vein. Fluorescence data was acquired over the next week, PCT spectroscopic data was also acquired during this timeframe. The mice were sacrificed and tumors were extirpated and sent to pathology for IHC staining to verify Her2 expression levels. The optical fluorescence images were analyzed to determine probe uptake dynamics. Reconstructed PCT spectroscopic data was analyzed using IDL routines to deconvolve the probe signal from endogenous background signals, and to determine oxygen saturation. Results: The location of the NIR conjugate was able to be identified within the tumor utilizing IDL fitting routines, in addition oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin concentrations were discernible from the spectroscopic data. Conclusion: Photacoustic spectroscopy allows for the determination of in vivo tumor drug delivery at greater depths than can be determined from optical imaging techniques.
Initial 10 days into COVID-19 movement control order of Malaysia: How well did we fare?

This study aims to measure the level of psychological distress amongst stranded university students due to movement control order (MCO) lockdown in the early stage of a pandemic outbreak. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted to obtain prevalence information on perceived depression, anxiety, and stress amongst stranded varsity students in the first 10 days of Malaysia's nationwide lockdown. Information on depression, anxiety and stress was compiled using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Fifty-eight stranded varsity students participated in this survey. The period of research was between the first 2 weeks of the initial MCO enforcement in Malaysia. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the collected data. 14%, 22% and 10% of the 58 stranded students reported moderate to too severe levels of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. During this period, the most frequently utilised communication mode with family and loved ones was through phone calls, followed by WhatsApp calls and Facetime. Writing letters and telegram are the least used mode of communication amongst the respondents. Worrying about 'family safety' topped the list as a source of worry that was rated by 88% of the respondents, followed by 'interaction with others' and 'own safety'. Approximately 16% rated 'food and beverage' as a source of stress for them in the first 2 weeks of the lockdown. The government and varsities' coordinated initiatives and measures such as food aid and disseminating essential information by dedicated spokespeople may have softened the negative impact of a pandemic, isolation and uncertain situations on the stranded mental health students.
Effects of Yoga Exercises on Diabetic Mellitus as Validated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Context and Aims: Effects of practicing yoga in diabetic mellitus (DM) patients have been identified to improve in control of blood glucose levels. The purpose of this work is to evaluate changes in blood flow of calf muscles after specific yoga postures for patients with DM using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Time of flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography maximum intensity projection (MIP), T1 maps, T2 maps, and diffusion-weighted Imaging are performed on volunteers and DM patients both pre- and post-exercise. Materials and Methods: TOF MIP, T1 maps with variable flip angles, and T2-weighted spin-echo imaging were performed on four volunteers (aged 30 ± 5) and DM patients (aged 32–68) preexercise, on a 1.5 T Siemens scanner. The total acquisition time was 6 min 20 s. Each volunteer and DM patient were then requested to perform yoga postures Supta Padangusthasana, Utkatasana, and Calf raise for 6 min 30 s at maximum effort, outside the scanner, and subsequently rescanned. To calculate significant signal increase, region of interests was drawn on TOF MIP coronal images in arteries of calf muscles. Student t-tests were performed to determine statistical significance. Results: Among volunteers, a significant signal increase in arteries of calf muscles was noticed, signal intensity graphs were plotted. In DM patients, signal increase in TOF MIP, T2-weighted images were seen in specific arteries (posterior, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial) of calf muscles postexercise. Discussion and Conclusions: The study indicates that yoga has a positive short-term effect on multiple DM-related foot complications. This study depicts that MRI provides potential insight into the benefits of yoga for DM patients through deriving biomarkers for preventive medicine relevant to yoga interception.
Health authority activities to enhance the quality and efficiency of medicine use and their impact

In the previous commentary paper, we discussed the growing expenditure on medicines. This growth arose from the continued launch of new premium-priced medicines, especially for oncology and orphan diseases, growth in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) assisted by ageing populations with associated increased use of medicines as well as changing clinical guidelines. [1-5] As a result, global sales of medicines are likely to exceed $1.5 trillion by 2023, with compounded annual growth rates estimated at 3%–6% per annum. [6] This is a concern not only for high-income countries struggling to fund new premium-priced medicines for cancer and orphan diseases but also for lowerand middle-income countries (LMICs) where expenditure on medicines can account for over 60% of total health-care expenditure affecting key issues such as access and affordability. [7-9] There are also concerns how governments can attain or retain universal health care given ongoing pressures on available resources, enhanced by the COVID-19 pandemic and its unintended consequences. In addition, concomitantly strive to reduce morbidity and mortality of NCDs as part of agreed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [10-13] Alongside this address concerns with rising rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which increases morbidity, mortality, and costs, as a result of inappropriate prescribing and dispensing of antibiotics especially in ambulatory care. [14-17]
The Relationship between Academic Procrastination and Academic Performance of Freshmen Students from a Teacher Education Institution

The academic environment is full of challenges and obstacles. With this idea, students promote some unconventional practices in studying. One of which is academic procrastination. This study analyzed the relationship between academic procrastination and academic performance of freshmen students from a teacher education institution. The researcher used a descriptive-correlational research design for this study. Ninety (90) freshmen students took part in the survey using a convenience sampling technique in the academic year of 2018-2019. This study used an adapted instrument for data gathering through a survey. The study also utilized SPSS 20 to analyze the data. Results showed that the respondents procrastinate in their academic activities. In terms of academic performance, professional education subjects got the lowest rating score and the major subjects got the highest. In addition, the program, scholarship status, and religion of the respondents got significant statistical differences. Furthermore, the study also obtained a low indirect relationship between academic procrastination, general education subjects, and professional education subjects. From the findings of the study, the researcher provided pertinent recommendations for parents, students, instructors, and the institution.
Internal Cooling in 4:1 AR Passages at High Rotation Numbers

Heat transfer and pressure drop measurements are reported for a rotating 4:1 aspect ratio (AR, (the ratio of the width of leading/trailing wall to the height of sidewalls) smooth coolant passage for Reynolds number in the range of 10,000–150,000, rotation number in the range of 0–0.6, and density ratios between 0.1–0.2. The measurements are performed for both 90° and 45° orientations of the coolant passage relative to the rotational axis. These measurements are done in a rotating heat transfer rig utilizing segmented foil heated elements and thermocouples, with slip rings providing the interface between the stationary and rotating frames. Results indicate that beyond specific Ro values (different values for the inlet and outlet passages) the expected trends of heat transfer enhancement on the destabilized surface and degradation on the stabilized surface are reversed. The inlet leading surface shows enhancement with Ro only at low Re, and shows degradation at high Re. Increasing density ratio enhances the heat transfer on all walls. Orientation of the coolant passage relative to the rotational axis has an important effect, with the 45° orientation reducing the heat transfer on the destabilized surface and enhancing it on the stabilized surface.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Evaluation of Ti15Mo single tracks

The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process could be used to manufacture 3D objects from elemental powders layer-by-layer using single tracks. However, it is required to determine the optimum process parameters for each type of powder blend and composition that could be used to produce the single tracks for the subsequent manufacturing of the 3D object. The current investigation determined the optimum process parameter window for the Ti15Mo powder blend using the LPBF process. Single tracks were produced at a wide range of laser powers and scanning speeds. The surface of the single tracks was analysed for continuity and discontinuity after which the cross-section of the sintered tracks was also analysed. Generally, the geometry of the track’s characteristics (width, height, and penetration depth) were determined by the laser powers and scanning speeds while the complete or partial melting of the powder particles was influenced by the powder particle size. The laser power of 150 W with a corresponding scanning speed of 1.0 m/s emerged as the optimum process parameter.
Redefining Phenotypes to Advance Psychiatric Genetics: Implications

This article was published Online First December 5, 2019. Monika A. Waszczuk and Nicholas R. Eaton, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Stony Brook University; Robert F. Krueger, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota; Alexander J. Shackman, Depart­ ment of Psychology, University of Maryland; Irwin D. Waldman, Depart­ ment of Psychology, Emory University; David H. Zald, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University; Benjamin B. Lahey, Departments of University; Johan Ormel, University Medical Center Groningen and De­ partment of Psychiatry, University of Groningen; Steven E. Hyman, Stan­ ley Center for Psychiatric Research, Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Eiko I. Fried, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, and Department of Clinical Psy­ chology, Leiden University; Miriam K. Forbes, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University; Anna R. Docherty, Department of Psychiatry, Uni­ versity of Utah School of Medicine, and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric
An Integrative Model of Organizations’ Responsiveness to Innovations (IMORI): Propositions

Adequate Organizational Responsiveness to Innovation (ORI) is a necessary condition for both organization performance and a creative economy. Hence, understanding the antecedents of organizations’ responsiveness to innovation is critical. Nevertheless, in investigating ORI, prior studies have used intra-organizational factors and inter-organizational conditions as mutually exclusive rather than as complementary. In this study, we propose to contribute filling that gap by arguing that ORI is a function of, not only “Intra-Organizations Behavioral Factors” (IOBF) or “Inter-Organizations Environmental Conditions” (IOEC) taken separately but rather of the synergetic combination of both [ORI = f(IOBF+IOEC) + IOBF*IOEC]. We then translate this mathematical formulation into an Integrative Model of Organizations’ Responsiveness to Innovations (IMORI) to be put to empirical testing in future studies.
Long-term Changes in Iron and Phosphorus Sedimentation in Vadnais Lake, Minnesota, Resulting from Ferric Chloride Addition and Hypolimnetic Aeration

Abstract Changes in iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) cycling in Vadnais Lake, Minnesota, resulting from ferric chloride addition and hypolimnetic aeration are evaluated by repeat sampling of bottom sediments over a 13-year period: in 1985 (pre-treatment), and in 1990 and 1998 (post-treatment). Lead-210 derived accumulation rates for Fe, Mn, total-P, and P-fractions are combined with input/output monitoring to construct chemical mass-balances for each of the three time periods. Iron injections/aeration caused large and sustained reductions in water-column total-P by increasing phosphorus removal to the sediments and preventing its recycling during stratification. Annual whole-lake phosphorus sedimentation rose from 1.26 to 1.52 t between 1985 and 1990, equivalent to a doubling of in-lake retention of external P loads (from 19% to 38%). Most of the increase is represented in the labile Fe-bound fraction. The measured sedimentary fluxes for 1985 and 1990 are similar to those calculated by difference from inflow/outflow data, whereas measured P sedimentation in 1998 (2.43 t·yr−1) is three times higher than that estimated from input/output calculations. These results suggest surface enrichment by upward P diffusion within the sediment column. Present-day Fe accumulation rates (24 t·yr−1) are 33% greater than those immediately preceding treatment and 14% greater than pre-settlement fluxes (21 t·yr−1). The 6 t·yr−1 increase in Fe accumulation between 1985 and 1998 is roughly equal to the rate of iron injection to Vadnais Lake. Fifty-four tons of iron addition to the Lambert Creek tributary between 1990 and 1998 have also enriched littoral sediments in Fe, P, and Mn near the creek's outfall. These engineering solutions have substantially improved water quality in Vadnais Lake, but continued hypolimnetic aeration will be required to prevent internal phosphorus loading from the large reservoir of labile sedimentary P that has accumulated since treatment began.
Particulate carbon in the Paris region atmosphere

Abstract Various aerosol samples were collected in the Paris region, during a 3‐year period. The Important loads of the carbon aerosol (C>10 μgCm‐3) point out the multiplicity and the intensity of the sources. A good correlation is found between the soot and the organic contents, which is consistent with the fact that these two components of the aerosol have common sources. The major part of the atmospheric particulate carbon is always in the organic mode. Particles produced during vegetation combustion episodes appear more depleted in soot. Analysis of size‐segragated aerosol samples shows that the major mass of both the total carbonaceous matter and the soot is held by submicron particles. This material is likely to undergo dispersion and transport over long distances in the atmosphere.
Correlation Between Process Cheese Meltability Determined by Sensory Analysis, Computer Vision Method and Olson and Price Test

The meltabilities of 14 process cheese samples were determined at 2 and 4 weeks after manufacture using sensory analysis, a computer vision method, and the Olson and Price test. Sensory analysis meltability correlated with both computer vision meltability (R2 = 0.71, P < 0.001) and Olson and Price meltability (R2 = 0.69, P < 0.001). There was a marked lack of correlation between the computer vision method and the Olson and Price test. This study showed that the Olson and Price test gave greater repeatability than the computer vision method. Results showed process cheese meltability decreased with increasing inorganic salt content and with lower moisture/fat ratios. There was very little evidence in this study to show that process cheese meltability changed between 2 and 4 weeks after manufacture.