Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethical problems in nursing teleconsultations for people living with HIV during the Covid-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the ethical problems experienced by primary health care nurses in using nursing teleconsultations for people living with the human immunodeficiency virus during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: qualitative research, anchored in Constructivist Grounded Theory. Data was collected between July and September 2020, with 17 participants. Results: the first category highlights the ethical problems in conducting teleconsultations, managing high demand, communication barriers, and risks related to data security. The second emphasizes the potential of teleconsultations in communication and access, by generating changes in the work process and the use of protocols to guide clinical practice. Conclusions: nurses’ work in digital mode requires professional qualification, with a view to stimulating reflection on teleconsultation practice, ethical-moral deliberation and combating stigma, and also adopting data security-centered conduct.
Expansion of Psychosocial Care Centers and their relationship with health and human rights

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the expansion of the number of Brazilian Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) considering aspects related to the general health scenario and the institutionalization of human rights. Methods: An analytical document-based study, developed between February 2020 and May 2022, whose secondary data on the 27 Brazilian capitals were collected on platforms in the public domain, based on the time series from 2015 to 2020. Indicators were listed based on health system infrastructure and quality of life. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation test and Student’s t test were used. Results: The capitals that expanded the number of CAPS in the analyzed period were the ones that presented the greatest political-legal framework for the protection of human rights. Conclusion: The results suggest that the greater the commitment of governments in favor of human rights, the greater the investment for CAPS expansion.
Use of Contraceptive Methods Among Women in the General Population and Female Gynecologists in Spain: the ELEGIAN Survey

Background: The contraceptive preferences of obstetricians and gynecologists (OB/GYNs) are thought to influence the contraceptive counseling they provide. The purpose of this study was to assess contraceptive preferences of OB/GYNs and women in the general population (WGP) in the current Spanish contraceptive scenario. Materials and Methods: Anonymous online survey of 100 OB/GYNs and 1,217 WGP aged 23–49 years. Results: WGP were younger (35.3 ± 7.3 vs. 37.9 ± 6.2 years, respectively) and less likely to have stable partners (64.7% vs. 84.0%) and children (49.1% vs. 62.0%) (all p < 0.05 vs. OB/GYNs). Seventy-nine percent versus 82%, respectively, used contraceptive methods, with condoms used most frequently by WGP (37% vs. 22% by OB/GYNs; p < 0.05) and pills by OB/GYNs (26% vs. 21% by WGP; p > 0.05). Intrauterine devices (IUDs) were more frequently used by OB/GYNs (20% vs. 5%; p < 0.05), especially the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LNG-IUDs) (18% vs. 2.6%; p < 0.05). The highest-rated methods were condoms among WGP and LNG-IUDs among OB/GYNs. Effectiveness was the most valued attribute of contraceptive methods for both. Reasons related to convenience were the main reason for choosing IUDs. OB/GYNs prescribed the contraceptive method in 40% of cases. Conclusions: Our study reveals differences between female OB/GYNs and WGP in contraceptive methods use and rating. The use of LNG-IUDs was much higher among OB/GYNs.
Prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and associated risk factors in long-lived elderly people

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and associated risk factors in long-lived elderly people from three Brazilian regions. Methods: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional, and comparative study conducted with elderly people aged 80 years or older. Results: Higher prevalence of arterial hypertension were observed among those who use polypharmacy (75.7%), among elderly people aged between 80 and 84 years (33.9%), as well as in elderly people who are overweight (78.2%). The prevalence of diabetes was 24% (RP: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.98) lower among women compared to men and 2.15 times higher among those who use five or more medications (RP: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.63-2.85). Conclusions: In our sample, polypharmacy, body weight, and gender determine the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases: arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in long-lived elderly people.
Relationships among aerosol constituents from Asia and the North Pacific during PEM-West A

Aerosol particle samples collected from Asia and the North Pacific were analyzed to investigate the relationships among atmospheric sea salt, mineral aerosol, biogenic emissions (methanesulfonate (MSA)), and several anthropogenic substances (sulfate, nitrate, and various trace elements). These studies specifically focused on the sources for aerosol SO4= and on the long-range transport of continental materials to the North Pacific. Ground-based aerosol sampling was conducted at four coastal-continental sites: Hong Kong, Taiwan, Okinawa, and Cheju; and at three remote Pacific islands, Shemya, Midway, and Oahu. Non-sea-salt (nss) SO4= and MSA were uncorrelated at the East Asian sites presumably because pollution sources overwhelm the biogenic emissions of nss SO4=. At the coastal-continental sites, marine biogenic emissions accounted for only 10 to <5% of the total nss SO4=. In contrast, over the ocean the concentrations of nss SO4= and MSA were correlated (Midway r = 0.70; Oahu r = 0.59), and higher percentages of biogenic nss SO4= occurred, 55 and 70% at Oahu and Midway, respectively. The concentrations of nss SO4= and NO3− were correlated at Cheju, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Okinawa, Midway, and Oahu, indicating some similarities in their sources and the processes governing their transport; however, differences in the nss SO4=/NO3− ratios among sites suggest regional differences in the pollution component of the aerosol. At Shemya the concentrations of MSA during the summer (100 ng m−3 or more) are about 2 orders of magnitude higher than those in winter. The dimethylsulfide-derived fraction of the nss SO4= is highest in the summer when the monthly median nss SO4=/MSA ratios range from 2.7 to 4.5, i.e., comparable to the ratios observed over Antarctica and other high-latitude locations. However, the monthly median nss SO4=/MSA ratios increase, reaching 50 to 200 in the winter as productivity nearly ceases, and the biogenic fraction of nss SO4= at Shemya decreases dramatically; this suggests a strong seasonal pollution component to the sulfate aerosol. The meteorological conditions favoring the long-range transport of Asian dust to the North Pacific also lead to transport of anthropogenic materials. At Oahu the correlation between NO3− and Al (dust) was highly significant (r = 0.75; p < 0.001), while the correlations between nitrate and Al at the continental sites were low. These differences indicate that the composition of the air sampled at the coastal-continental stations may be quite different from the air transported to the remote ocean. This phenomenon also appeared to affect the relationship between nss SO4= and antimony. The correlations between nss SO4= and Sb were weak at the Asian sites but strong at the open ocean sites where the nss SO4=/Sb ratios were higher than those over the continent.
SWEETPOTATO PRODUCTION GUIDES FOR HAWAI'I

Sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas, a member of the morning glory family, originated in South Mexico and Central America, and is now the seventh most important food crop, world-wide. Sweetpotatoes, along with taro, were the major staples for the early Hawaiians since 500 BC. Commercial cultivation in the islands began in 1849. In 1919 sweetpotatoes were considered 10th in value among agricultural crops in Hawaii when grown as an emergency crop during the war years. By 1948, the farm-gate value for sweetpotatoes was $100,000. The sweetpotato is grown for its enlarged roots which can be boiled, baked or fried, or processed into chips. The stems and tips may also be boiled or fried for use in soups or salads. Both roots and foliage can also be grown as feed. The 1991 farmgate value for sweetpotatoes in Hawaii was about $600,000, and is presently planted and harvested year-round throughout the state, with production acreage primarily in Molokai. Sweetpotato has a wide adaptability to Hawaii's environments and has a high content of vitamins beta carotene and ascorbic acid. In addition, the young leaves, common in some oriental and Filipino dishes, have a 25-33% protein content on a dry weight basis.
Difficult‐to‐treat asthma patients from ethnic minority groups in central England are at an enhanced risk of house dust mite sensitisation

Abstract Background House dust mite (HDM) is the most common sensitising allergen in asthma. Ethnic minority groups (EMGs) in the UK are more likely to live in deprived conditionings with a greater exposure to HDM and other aero‐allergens. Aim To compare the ethnicity‐based patterns of sensitisation to aero‐allergens and the impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in patients with difficult‐to‐treat asthma (DTA). Methods Data of patients with DTA were extracted from the registry of the Birmingham Regional Severe Asthma Service (BRSAS), which have a catchment population of 7.3million from Central England. Patients from White and EMG backgrounds were compared in terms of the prevalence of atopy, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific serum IgE (ssIgE) and asthma related clinical outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore ethnicity‐based risk factors for HDM sensitisation. Results A total of 1272 patients [White 1016 (79.9%), EMG 256 (20.1%) EMG] with a median age of 51 years (range 16–97) were included in the analysis. Patients from EMG were more likely (64%) to reside in the worst scale of index of multiple deprivation (IMD) than the White patients (25.5%), p < 0.0001. Positive HDM sensitisation was more prevalent in the EMG than in the White group [142/216 (66%) versus 375/842 (45%), p < 0.0001]. The median HDM ssIgE level was higher in the EMG than in the White group [3.0 KUA/L (IQR 0.06, 11.5) versus 0.1 (0.01, 3.0), p < 0.000001]. The odds ratio for positive sensitisation to HDM conveyed by the EMG status was 2.61 (95%CI, 1.8–3.8), p < 0.0001. Compared to the White group, the EMG had higher median total serum IgE [326 KU/L (115, 971) versus 114 (29.8, 434.8), p < 0.000001], higher blood eosinophil count (0.36 × 109(0.18, 0.62) versus 0.23 (0.1,0.47), p < 0.000001), were marginally more atopic (79.2% vs. 75.6%, p = 0.098) and were less likely to being on maintenance oral corticosteroids (22% vs. 39.7%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion In this DTA cohort, positive HDM sensitisation was greater amongst the EMG than the White patients. The EMG status was a significant risk factor for HDM sensitisation.
Interventions for child development based on the Touchpoints Model: scoping review

Objective: to map the characteristics of interventions to promote child development that used the Touchpoints Model. Method: this is a scoping review, guided by the recommendations of the JBI Reviewer’s Manual, carried out in nine databases, in the gray literature and in the reference list of the selected studies. The research question was “what are the characteristics of interventions with parents/caregivers and children to promote child development, from pregnancy to six years of age, based on the Touchpoints Model? ”. Rayyan was used for the selection of studies and a standard form for data extraction. The analysis was carried out descriptively. Results: twelve publications were included in the review. Interventions were heterogeneous; concentrated in the period from pregnancy to three years of age; prioritized the dissemination of Touchpoints content according to age, and parenting aspects; most were performed by nurses, in Primary Health Care, and during home visits. Interventions were related to overall development, greater understanding of development and greater interaction with the child. Conclusion: studies have shown potential for favorable outcomes for child development and parenting. The variability of interventions made it difficult to map more effective characteristics.
GENERATING DESIGN HYDROGRAPHS BY DEM ASSISTED GEOMORPHIC RUNOFF SIMULATION: A CASE STUDY 1

ABSTRACT: The geomorphic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) may be one of the most successful methodologies for predicting flow characteristics in ungauged watersheds. However, one difficulty in applying the GIUH model is determination of travel time, and the other difficulty is the large amount of geomorphologic information required in the study watershed. Recently, using the kinematic‐wave theory Lee and Yen (1997) have analytically determined the travel times for overland and channel flows in watersheds. The limitation of using an empirical velocity equation to estimate the runoff travel time for a specified watershed is then relaxed. To simplify the time‐consuming work involved in geomorphic parameter measurement on topographic maps, the GIUH model is linked with geographic information systems to obtain geomorphic parameters from digital elevation models. In this paper, a case study performed for peak flow analysis in an ungauged watershed is presented. The geomorphic characteristics of the study watershed were analyzed using a digital elevation model and were used to construct the runoff simulation model. The design storm was then applied to the geomorphic runoff simulation model to obtain the design hydrograph. The analytical procedures proposed in this study can provide a convenient way for hydrologists to estimate hydrograph characteristics based on limited hydrologic information.
Hydrodynamics of aquatic ecosystems: An interface between ecology, biomechanics and environmental fluid mechanics

The paper promotes an emerging research area at the interfaces between aquatic ecology, biomechanics and environmental fluid mechanics. This new area, Hydrodynamics of Aquatic Ecosystems, bridges these disciplines together and is defined as a study of flow‐organism interactions at multiple scales with particular focus on relevant transport processes and mutual physical impacts. Being an important part of its mother disciplines, Hydrodynamics of Aquatic Ecosystems deals with two key interconnected issues: (i) physical interactions between flow and organisms (e.g. due to an interplay between flow‐induced forces and reaction forces generated by organisms) and (ii) ecologically relevant mass‐transfer‐uptake processes (e.g. due to molecular and turbulent diffusion). Key concepts and tools of Hydrodynamics of Aquatic Ecosystems are outlined first and then a promising approach that may provide a unifying platform for coupling and integrating ecological, hydrodynamic and biomechanical processes, known as the double‐averaging methodology (DAM), is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Quaternary deposition of ice-rafted sand in the subpolar North Atlantic (lat 40° to 65°N)

A major change in the North Atlantic pattern of ice-rafting deposition, during the last interglacial-glacial cycle, occurred approximately 75,000 B.P. Prior to this time, deposition for a period of almost 50,000 yr during isotopic stage 5 was greatest in the northwest near Greenland and Newfoundland. The main glacial pattern was very different; the main depositional axis shifted abruptly to a zonal axis along lat 46° to 50°N, reflecting the passage of ice farther from the pole before reaching water warm enough in which to melt. This pattern remained essentially unchanged for 65,000 yr during the main Wurm glaciation. The peak interglacial depositional pattern can best be explained by analogy with the modern oceanic flow, except for the addition of a concentrated eastward component along lat 50°N. The glacial pattern is also best explained by counterclockwise flow. Laurentide and Greenlandic ice entering the western North Atlantic from the Labrador Sea moved to the east and southeast directly into the glacial depositional maximum. Scandinavian ice dropped part of its bed load near Norway, looped to the southwest into the North Atlantic in a counterclockwise passage south of Iceland, and finally melted along the primary depositional maximum. Total input rates of ice-rafted sediment to the Atlantic and Norwegian Sea increased slightly at 115,000 B.P. (the glacial inception), rose markedly at 75,000 B.P. (the major glacial transition), and continued to rise late in the Wurm toward the late-glacial maximum. North Atlantic ice-rafting deposition is thus positively correlated with ice-sheet size. During Quaternary time, roughly 70% of ice-rafted deposition of continental detritus in the world9s oceans has occurred in the subpolar North Atlantic south of Iceland. During the past 3 m.y. , a mass of wet unconsolidated drift estimated at 200,000 km 3 has been moved from the continents to the deep Atlantic by ice-rafting alone. This is equivalent to a layer of drift 16 m thick over all parts of the continents thought to have supplied ice-rafted detritus to the North Atlantic.
The attraction of the rural: Characteristics of rural migrants in Sweden

Abstract This paper investigates the characteristics of rural migrants in Sweden divided into periurban and remote countryside using register data at the individual level. The results show that during the two years of investigation, 1987 and 1993, there was a concentration of the population in general but the periurban countryside gained migrants from the cities. In addition, the migration pattern had an aging effect on the population in rural areas. It is also shown that migration selectivity is relatively stable during the study period. The countryside is less attractive than urban areas to those with high income and high education but when the two types of countrysides are compared to each other the periurban is more attractive. Despite the renewed interest in rural living which has been reported in other studies, remote rural areas are less attractive to migrants than periurban areas in Sweden.
Radial expansion of the tail current disruption during substorms: A new approach to the substorm onset region

The substorm onset region and the radial development of the tail current disruption are examined from a new viewpoint. The reconfiguration of the magnetotail field at substorm onset can be understood in terms of a sudden decrease (disruption) in tail current intensity. The north-south component (BZ) is very sensitive to whether the spacecraft position is earthward or tailward of the disruption region, while the change in the Sun-Earth component (BX) is most sensitive to the change in tail current intensity near the spacecraft. If the current disruption starts in a localized range of radial distance and expands radially, a distinctive phase relationship between the changes in BX and BZ is expected to be observed. This phase relationship depends on whether the current disruption starts on the earthward side or the tailward side of the spacecraft. Thus it is possible to infer the direction of the radial expansion of the current disruption from magnetic field data of a single spacecraft. This method is applied to ISEE observations of a tail reconfiguration event that occurred on March 6, 1979. The phase relationship indicates that the disruption region expanded tailward from the earthward side of the spacecraft during the event. This model prediction is consistent with the time lag of magnetic signatures observed by the two ISEE spacecraft. The expansion velocity is estimated at 2 RE/min (∼200 km/s) for this event. Furthermore, it is found that the observed magnetic signatures can be reproduced to a good approximation by a simple geometrical model of the current disruption. The method is used statistically for 13 events selected from the ISEE magnetometer data. It is found that the current disruption usually starts in the near-Earth magnetotail (|X| < 20RE and often within 15 RE of the Earth. The phase relationship between BX and BZ is discussed in terms of the near-Earth neutral line model, and the result is compared with previous studies on the substorm onset region.
Continuous GPS monitoring of elastic strain in the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone

Previous monitoring and modeling of crustal deformation across the northern Cascadia margin at Vancouver Is. has provided strong evidence that the subduction thrust fault is locked and may generate future great earthquakes. The recent establishment of the Western Canada Deformation Array (WCDA), a network of continuous GPS trackers in southwestern British Columbia, provides a new tool for monitoring crustal strain and thereby helps to assess the earthquake hazard in this region. 17 months of continuous data from the three longest running WCDA sites (Penticton, Victoria, Holberg) indicate: 1. ) A 7 mm/yr easterly motion of Victoria relative to Penticton. Victoria is located in the forearc at the southeastern end of Vancouver Is. , 230 km from trench axis, whereas Penticton is located behind the arc, 520 km from the trench axis, and assumed fixed on the stable North American plate; 2. ) A 3 mm/yr northwesterly motion and 10 mm/yr uplift (with a large uncertainty) of Holberg relative to Penticton. Holberg is located on the northern-most part of Vancouver Is. , 50 km from the trench and near the plate triple junction; and 3. ) The presence of probably seasonal variations in the apparent relative positions of the two coastal sites with respect to Penticton. The landward motion of Victoria agrees with the deformation predicted by elastic dislocation models of the interseismic period for a great subduction-thrust earthquake as constrained by previous deformation data. Although not as well resolved, the motion of Holberg, roughly parallel to the margin, is significantly different and is inconsistent with simple subduction models. The non-linear variations in measured position are dominated by an annual period probably resulting from seasonal biases in the precise orbit estimates or in the modeling of tropospheric delays or tidal effects.
Community‐based adaptation: enhancing community adaptive capacity in Druadrua Island, Fiji

This article describes the process and outcomes of a pilot community‐based adaptation (CBA) project implemented on Druadrua Island in Fiji. Although many people promote the use of CBA, written material about the topic is limited and poorly informed by theory or evidence. This article aims to contribute to the literature on CBA by describing the theory and process used to implement a CBA project and the changes that resulted in a small island community in the northeastern part of Fiji. The project outcomes include a renewed focus on community adaptive management of natural resources, increased awareness of climate change, and an increase in the community's access to resources from external organizations. The article concludes with a summary of lessons learned and recommendations for future CBA projects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.