Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MOVEMENT OF THE UPPER-BODY OF SEATED SUBJECTS EXPOSED TO VERTICAL WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION AT THE PRINCIPAL RESONANCE FREQUENCY

The dynamic responses of eight male subjects exposed to vertical whole-body vibration have been measured at eight locations of the body in three directions within the sagittal plane: in the vertical, fore-and-aft and pitch axes. The motions were measured on the body surface at the first, fifth and tenth thoracic vertebra (T1, T5, T10), at the first, third and fifth lumbar vertebra (L1, L3, L5) and at the pelvis (the posterior–superior iliac spine), and were corrected so as to estimate the motions of the skeleton. The head motion was measured with a bite bar. The force at the seat surface was also measured. The subjects were exposed to vertical random vibration in the frequency range from 0·5–20 Hz at a magnitude of 1·0 ms−2r.m.s. The movement of the upper-body at the principal resonance frequency of the driving-point apparent mass is illustrated by using the transmissibilities from seat vertical vibration to vertical and fore-and-aft vibration at the eight locations on the body. A bending of the lumbar spine, and probably the lowest thoracic spine, possibly coupled with a rocking motion of the upper thoracic spine about the lower thoracic spine, appeared to be dominant. A small bending along the full length of thoracic spine was also found. Pitch motion of the pelvis, possibly accompanied by longitudinal and shear deformations of the tissue underneath the pelvis, was found to occur near the resonance frequency range, but did not appear to make a principal contribution to the resonance observed in the apparent mass. Any significant axial motions along the spine occurred at higher frequencies.
IRAS galaxies and the large-scale structure in the CfA slice

The spatial distributions of the IRAS and the optical galaxies in the first CfA slice are compared. The IRAS galaxies are generally less clustered than optical ones, but their distribution is essentially identical to that of late-type optical galaxies. The discrepancy between the clustering properties of the IRAS and optical samples in the CfA slice region is found to be entirely due to the paucity of IRAS galaxies in the core of the Coma cluster. The spatial distributions of the IRAS and the optical galaxies, both late and early types, outside the dense core of the Coma cluster are entirely consistent with each other. This conflicts with the prediction of the linear biasing scenario. 39 refs.
Improvement of mechanical and superconducting properties in CuNb/(Nb,Ti)3Sn wires by applying bending strain at room temperature

The improvement of stress/strain properties has been observed for the CuNb/(Nb,Ti)3Sn coil made by a react and wind (R&W) method. In the winding and insulation processes, a certain bending strain is applied to the wire and then released at room temperature, which is defined as 'pre-bending' treatment. In order to understand this behaviour, we examine the influences of bending strain at room temperature on the mechanical and superconducting properties in (Nb,Ti)3Sn composite wire. Experimental results for the pre-bent CuNb/(Nb,Ti)3Sn wires show the improvement of the stress dependence of Ic/Icm and the increase of the critical current Ic at zero stress. The calculation on the basis of the distribution of the uniaxial local stress/strain describes the experimental results, qualitatively. We have found that the improvement of the critical current and the mechanical properties is due to the local work hardening effects by applying the bending strain at room temperature.
Effect of micron-sized roughness on transition in swept-wing flows

Boundary-layer transition-to-turbulence studies are conducted in the Arizona State University Unsteady Wind Tunnel on a 45-degree swept airfoil. The pressure gradient is designed so that the initial stability characteristics are purely crossflow-dominated. Flow visualization and hot-wire measurements show that the development of the crossflow vortices is influenced by roughness near the attachment-line. Comparisons of transition location are made between a painted surface, a machine-polished surface, and a hand-polished surface. Then, isolated 6 micron roughness elements are placed near the attachment line on the airfoil surface under conditions of the final polish (0.25 micron rms). These elements amplify a centered stationary crossflow vortex and its neighbors, resulting in localized early transition. The diameter, height, and location of these roughness elements are varied in a systematic manner. Spanwise hot-wire measurements are taken behind the roughness element to document the enhanced vortices. These scans are made at several different chord locations to examine vortex growth.
Stokes drag on hollow cylinders and conglomerates

An experimental study of the drag on hollow cylinders and conglomerates falling in a viscous fluid under Stokes flow conditions is described. The experiments were carried out in a tank of square cross section using silicone oil as the Newtonian fluid. Settling velocities of the free falling objects were measured and corrected to conditions of zero Reynolds number flow in an unbounded fluid. The results reveal that all objects tested have Stokes settling velocities smaller than that of a sphere of equal mass and volume. Measurements are reported in terms of the settling speed ratio defined as the ratio of the Stokes settling speed to that of a sphere of equal mass and volume. For the hollow cylinders two parameters are varied: the aspect ratio (length to outside diameter) and the radius ratio (inner to outer radius). Measurements show that the settling speed ratio decreases markedly as the hollowness of the cylinder increases. Each fixed radius ratio data set exhibits a maximum settling speed ratio near an aspect ratio of 1.65. For conglomerates composed of n spheres two trends appear: one for planar configurations and the other for globular clusters. Experimental data for two spheres and three spheres in point contact are in good agreement with recent theoretical results.
Galactic dynamo models without sharp boundaries

Abstract A new numerical approach is introduced which allows investigation into the conditions for dynamogeneration of axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric large-scale magnetic field modes in galaxy models which are defined by axisymmetric distributions of the α-parameter, the angular velocity and the electrical conductivity. The velocity field is assumed to be localized, however, the common assumption of a sharp boundary of the conducting region is dropped. The possible anisotropy of the α-tensor is taken into account. The critical dynamo numbers (excitation conditions) for different modes are obtained by a direct method. The required steady states are attained by the use of an artificial non-linearity. Initial test calculations demonstrate the efficacy of this new concept.
Analytic Solutions to Forced KdV Equation

The Korteweg-de Vries equation with a forcing term is established by recent studies as a simple mathematical model of describing the physics of a shallow layer of fluid subject to external forcing. In the present paper, we study the analytic solutions to the KdV equation with forcing term by using Hirota's direct method. Several exact solutions are given as examples, from which one can see that the same type soliton solutions can be excited by different forced term.
The turbulence structure of a highly curved mixing layer

As part of a general investigation of complex turbulent flows, extensive one-point measurements have been made of the turbulence structure of the mixing layer bounding a normally impinging plane jet with an irrotational core. The ratio of shear-layer thickness to streamline radius of curvature reaches a maximum of about 0.2, the sense of the curvature being stabilizing. Downstream of the impingement region the shear layer returns asymptotically to being a classical plane mixing layer. The most striking feature of the results is that the return is not monotonic: after decreasing in the region of stabilizing curvature, the Reynolds stresses, triple products, energy dissipation rate and other turbulence quantities overshoot the plane-layer values before finally decreasing. Some conclusions are drawn about the nature of the turbulent transport of Reynolds stress, and about the representation of this and other processes in calculation methods for complex turbulent flows. An incidental result of the work is a comprehensive set of measurements in a plane mixing layer.
Properties of second‐order ordinary differential equations invariant under time translation and self‐similar transformation

The general form of a second‐order ordinary differential equation invariant under time translation and self‐similarity is obtained together with its solution in parametric form. Next two representatives of two different families of such equations are studied. In terms of rescaled phase space variables, the first example has a simple physical interpretation and its limit cycle properties and period are easily derived. Similar results are found for the second example, but the physical interpretation is less obvious. The invariant equations are used as a basis to study the asymptotic behavior of related noninvariant equations thereby underlining the critical value nature of the parameters for which a self‐similar solution (SSS) exists.
Mechanisms of free-surface breakup in vibration-induced liquid atomization

The mechanisms of droplet formation that take place during vibration-induced drop atomization are investigated experimentally. Droplet ejection results from the breakup of transient liquid spikes that form following the localized collapse of free-surface waves. Breakup typically begins with capillary pinch-off of a droplet from the tip of the spike and can be followed by additional pinch-offs of satellite droplets if the corresponding capillary number is sufficiently small (e.g., in low-viscosity liquids). If the capillary number is increased (e.g., in viscous liquids), breakup first occurs near the base of the spike, with or without subsequent breakup of the detached, thread-like spike. The formation of these detached threads is governed by a breakup mechanism that is separated from the tip-dominated capillary pinch-off mechanism by an order of magnitude in terms of dimensionless driving frequency f*. The dependence of breakup time and unbroken spike length on fluid and driving parameters is established .
Novel parallel multijunction solar cell

A novel parallel multijunction solar cell is described which allows fundamental radiative recombination limits upon photovoltaic cell energy conversion efficiency to be approached more closely in good quality material than possible in a single‐junction device. However, the real advantage arises for poor quality material with the structure shown to be particularly tolerant of both impurity and grain boundary effects. A novel implementation approach is described for potentially high‐performance, low‐cost, thin‐film polycrystalline silicon solar cells.
Impact of new permittivity measurements on sea surface emissivity modeling in microwaves

As part of a measuring program dedicated to the analysis of the dielectric properties of seawater in the frequency range 3–89 GHz, a new dielectric permittivity model based on the standard Debye theory has been developed for remote sensing applications over the ocean below 40 GHz, together with polynomial interpolations at the millimeter frequencies 85.5 and 89 GHz. The aim of this paper is to test the relevance of these new dielectric measurements through statistical comparisons of radiative transfer predictions with satellite and airborne radiometric data between 18 and 89 GHz. A radiometric sensitivity analysis to the permittivity measurement errors is proposed, which yields a sea surface brightness temperature accuracy of at least 0.5 K below 20 GHz, 1 K at 24 GHz, and 1.5 K at 37 and 89 GHz. At frequencies less than 40 GHz, superiority of the revised Debye model is pointed out over the most commonly used model of Klein and Swift [1977]. At millimeter frequencies the new permittivity expressions deviate significantly from the standard Debye predictions, especially at low temperature, suggesting the influence of a second “high‐frequency” Debye relaxation. Our comparisons with radiometric data at 89 GHz and in the channel 85.5V of the special sensor microwave imager tend to support this hypothesis. The results emphasize the importance of an adequate modeling of the complex permittivity of seawater as input to the surface emissivity models, at any frequency of the microwave spectrum, and augur interesting outputs in both in‐flight calibration and interpretation of satellite data.
Carrier localization in GaBiAs probed by photomodulated transmittance and photoluminescence

The carrier localization phenomenon has been investigated for GaBiAs by photomodulated transmittance (PT) and photoluminescence (PL). In the case of PT measurements, a decrease in the energy-gap related PT signal has been clearly observed below 180 K. In PL spectra a broad emission band very sensitive to the excitation power has been found. In comparison to the energy-gap related transition, this band is shifted to red. The recombination time for this band at low temperature decreases from 0.7 to 0.35 ns with the increase in the emission energy. All the findings are clear evidences for strong carrier localization in this alloy.
Effective fault-tolerant control paradigm for path tracking in autonomous vehicles

A novel fault-tolerant control paradigm that integrates fault detection (FD) with optimal control for path tracking is designed to ensure accurate path tracking in the presence of faults. The proposed approach is designed to maintain vehicle stability, dynamics, and maneuverability in the event of a faulty steering system. A sensor fusion-based fault detection and identification approach is proposed to accurately detect and identify sensor faults when they occur. A weight adjustment algorithm is considered to ensure accurate detection while providing robustness against parameter variations and uncertainties. Following FD and using the estimated fault vector, a fault-tolerant controller is designed to guarantee the stability of the closed loop system. The proposed controller incorporates a linear quadratic regulator (LQR)-based algorithm with a feed-forward gain. The LQR-based controller is designed to maintain system stability under faulty conditions while operating the dynamic system at minimum cost. The proposed approach is validated using a ground vehicle required to track various paths while being subject to multiple fault scenarios. For accurate performance analysis, vehicle handling and dynamics were implemented using CarSim, a high-fidelity vehicle simulator. Effective path tracking capabilities, vehicle handling, and stabilization under both fault-free and faulty conditions are the main positive features of the proposed approach.
Hasse diagrams for 3 d N = 4 quiver gauge theories — Inversion and the full moduli space

We study Hasse diagrams of moduli spaces of 3d N = 4 quiver gauge theories. The goal of this work is twofold: 1) We introduce the notion of inverting a Hasse diagram and conjecture that the Coulomb branch and Higgs branch Hasse diagrams of certain theories are related through this operation. 2) We introduce a Hasse diagram to map out the entire moduli space of the theory, including the Coulomb, Higgs and mixed branches. For theories whose Higgs and Coulomb branch Hasse diagrams are related by inversion it is straight forward to generate the Hasse diagram of the entire moduli space. We apply inversion of the Higgs branch Hasse diagram in order to obtain the Coulomb branch Hasse diagram for bad theories and obtain results consistent with the literature. For theories whose Higgs and Coulomb branch Hasse diagrams are not related by inversion it is nevertheless possible to produce the Hasse diagram of the full moduli space using different methods. We give examples for Hasse diagrams of the entire moduli space of theories with enhanced Coulomb branches.
Magnetically-charged supersymmetric (cid:13)ows of gauged N = 8 supergravity in (cid:12)ve dimensions

: We study magnetically-charged supersymmetric (cid:13)ow equations in a consistent truncation of gauged N = 8 supergravity in (cid:12)ve dimensions. This truncation gives gauged N = 2 supergravity coupled to two vector multiplets and two hypermultiplets. We derive magnetically-charged (cid:13)ow equations of scalar (cid:12)elds from vector and hypermultiplets. It turns out that there could be only up to two nontrivial scalar (cid:12)elds out of eight from the hypermultiplets. Along the way, we recover some known AdS 3 solutions of the (cid:13)ow equations.
On the Origin of Crystalline Silicate in Circumstellar Envelopesof Oxygen-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars

Formation of crystalline silicate is explored within the framework of dust formation in steady state dust-driven winds around oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars by applying a kinetic theory of crystallization. In the calculations, formation of not only homogeneous corundum (Al2O3) and silicate grains but also heterogeneous grains consisting of a corundum core and a silicate mantle is taken into account for the stellar parameters M*=1.0 M☉, L*=2×104 L☉, and T*=2500 K. Crystallization calculations based on the thermal history of dust grains after their formation lead to the result that only silicate in the mantles of heterogeneous grains can be completely crystallized through the thermal processing caused by the accretion of silicate on precondensed corundum grains when the mass-loss rate is greater than 3×10−5 M☉ yr-1. On the other hand, the homogeneous silicate grains remain amorphous. The radiative transfer calculations taking olivine as a representative of crystalline silicate reproduce the behavior of silicate features revealed by the Infrared Space Observatory-Short-Wavelength Spectrometer observations. The crystalline silicate observed around oxygen-rich AGB stars reflects the formation process of dust grains prevailing in the circumstellar envelopes and is a diagnostic of high mass-loss rates at the late stage of AGB star evolution.
An Interest-rate Model Analysis Based on Data Augmentation Bayesian Forecasting

Abstract In this paper, the author presents an efficient method of analyzing an interest-rate model using a new approach called ‘data augmentation Bayesian forecasting. ’ First, a dynamic linear model estimation was constructed with a hierarchically-incorporated model. Next, an observational replication was generated based on the one-step forecast distribution derived from the model. A Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling method was conducted on it as a new observation and unknown parameters were estimated. At that time, the EM algorithm was applied to establish initial values of unknown parameters while the ‘quasi Bayes factor’ was used to appreciate parameter candidates. ‘Data augmentation Bayesian forecasting’ is a method of evaluating the transition and history of ‘future,’ ‘present’ and ‘past’ of an arbitrary stochastic process by which an appropriate evaluation is conducted based on the probability measure that has been sequentially modified with additional information. It would be possible to use future prediction results for modifying the model to grasp the present state or re-evaluate the past state. It would be also possible to raise the degree of precision in predicting the future through the modification of the present and the past. Thus, ‘data augmentation Bayesian forecasting’ is applicable not only in the field of financial data analysis but also in forecasting and controlling the stochastic process.
Slavicekia gen. nov., a New Member of the Normapolles Complex from Late Cretaceous Sediments of the Czech Republic

Premise of research. The Klikov Formation in South Bohemia, Czech Republic, is well known as a rich source of Late Cretaceous mesofossils including numerous angiosperm reproductive structures. In this study, we restudy and reevaluate all flower and fruit specimens from this formation that were earlier referred to the species Vangerowia tricornuta Erw.Knobloch et Mai, and on the basis of a detailed morphological analysis, we describe and establish the new genus Slavicekia and the new species Slavicekia inaequalis. Methodology. Morphological and anatomical investigations of the fossil fruits were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro–computed tomography. Pivotal results. Flowers of Slavicekia exhibit a unique combination of floral characters. Flowers are structurally bisexual and epigynous. The perianth comprises five small tepals arranged in one whorl of two and one whorl of three tepals. The androecium consists of five stamens placed opposite to the tepals (i.e., also the stamens are arranged in two anisomerous whorls). Pollen grains are triangular-oblate and triaperturate. The gynoecium is tricarpellate-syncarpous with an ovary that contains two unequally sized locules, each producing one ovule, but only the one in the larger locule matures into a seed. Conclusions. The type of pollen is characteristic for Normapolles plants, and we therefore propose Slavicekia as a new member of the Normapolles complex in the order Fagales. In addition to the pollen features, other characters, including epigyny, a reduced perianth, and a single seed per fruit, link Slavicekia with the Normapolles complex and the order Fagales. On the basis of a comparison with other Normapolles fossils and extant taxa, we discuss the potential systematic affinities of Slavicekia within core Fagales.
Optimal use of energy systems and processes

In the present paper we focus on two items, Energy, and Environment. We propose to restore and extend the view of CARNOT, relative to thermomechanical systems and processes, starting from thermostatics (equilibrium thermodynamics), through what was first developed as Finite Time Thermodynamics (FTT), since the 1980s (nice radical of Chambadal – Novikov – Curzon – Ahlborn), until now. The CARNOT machine is revisited in the presence of heat transfer irreversibilities as well as internal irreversibility, and heat loss. Classical results are recovered. New bounds are developed when constraints are added; these constraints are related to useful effect, energy consumption, or machine efficiency. A new form of 'nice radical' is proposed when energy consumption is imposed. New results are proposed with different added constraints.
Airway and Respiratory Devices in the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common ICU-acquired infection among patients under mechanical ventilation (MV). It may occur in up to 50% of mechanically ventilated patients and is associated with an increased duration of MV, antibiotic consumption, increased morbidity, and mortality. VAP prevention is a multifaceted priority of the intensive care team. The use of specialized artificial airways and other devices can have an impact on the prevention of VAP. However, these devices can also have adverse effects, and aspects of their efficacy in the prevention of VAP are still a matter of debate. This article provides a narrative review of how different airway and respiratory devices may help to reduce the incidence of VAP.