Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A search for red giant solar-like oscillations in all Kepler data

The recently published Kepler mission Data Release 25 (DR25) reported on ∼197 000 targets observed during the mission. Despite this, no wide search for red giants showing solar-like oscillations have been made across all stars observed in Kepler’s long-cadence mode. In this work, we perform this task using custom apertures on the Kepler pixel files and detect oscillations in 21 914 stars, representing the largest sample of solar-like oscillating stars to date. We measure their frequency at maximum power, νmax, down to $\nu _{\mathrm{max}}\simeq 4\, \mu$Hz and obtain log (g) estimates with a typical uncertainty below 0.05 dex, which is superior to typical measurements from spectroscopy. Additionally, the νmax distribution of our detections show good agreement with results from a simulated model of the Milky Way, with a ratio of observed to predicted stars of 0.992 for stars with $10 \lt \nu _{\mathrm{max}}\lt 270\, \mu$Hz. Among our red giant detections, we find 909 to be dwarf/subgiant stars whose flux signal is polluted by a neighbouring giant as a result of using larger photometric apertures than those used by the NASA Kepler science processing pipeline. We further find that only 293 of the polluting giants are known Kepler targets. The remainder comprises over 600 newly identified oscillating red giants, with many expected to belong to the Galactic halo, serendipitously falling within the Kepler pixel files of targeted stars.
Association of Adult Height with Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Background Epidemiological studies on the association between adult height and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have provided conflicting findings. We examined the association between adult height and the risk of CVD mortality. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar for relevant studies published up to September 2021. Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke were included. The random-effects model was used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest vs. lowest categories of adult height. Results In total, 20 prospective cohort publications were included in this systematic review and 17 in the meta-analysis. During 5 to 41 years of follow-up, the total number of deaths from CVD was 95,197 (51,608 from CHD and 20,319 from a stroke) among 2,676,070 participants. The summary RR comparing the highest and lowest categories of height was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74–0.87, I2 = 59.4%, n = 15 studies) for CVD mortality, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74–0.90, I2 = 70.6%, n = 12) for CHD mortality, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67–0.80, I2 = 0%, n = 10) for stroke mortality, 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61–0.81, I2 = 0%, n = 4) for hemorrhagic stroke mortality, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.72–1.08, I2 = 0%, n = 4) for ischemic stroke mortality. Conclusion The present comprehensive meta-analysis provides evidence for an inverse association between adult height and the risk of CVD, CHD, and stroke mortality.
Event-based simulation of quantum physics experiments

We review an event-based simulation approach which reproduces the statistical distributions of wave theory not by requiring the knowledge of the solution of the wave equation of the whole system but by generating detection events one-by-one according to an unknown distribution. We illustrate its applicability to various single photon and single neutron interferometry experiments and to two Bell-test experiments, a single-photon Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen experiment employing post-selection for photon pair identification and a single-neutron Bell test interferometry experiment with nearly 100% detection efficiency.
Young People Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Contraception: A Portuguese Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Adolescents and young adults are an important target concerning reducing health-risk behavior adoption, including sexual health. Studying their knowledge concerning sexuality and their main counsellors, can be an important step in targeting an updated health promotion approach. This study characterized adolescents and young adults’ knowledge and attitudes about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and contraception, prospecting for their main trusted counseling sources. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based, self-report survey of 746 individuals aged between 14 and 24 years from Paredes, Portugal. The questionnaire included many dimensions, as demographic characteristics, youth behavior, currently sexually active status, main counselors concerning health topics, awareness, and knowledge about STDs and contraception. Mean age of the participants was 18.3 years, 50.5% of them had started their sexual activity. Males present themselves as more sexually active, starting earlier, and have more sexual partners than females. Participants reported an adequate knowledge perception about STDs and contraception methods, however we found different patterns on specific STDs and contraceptive methods, according to gender, age, and sexually active status. Our results help design specific interventions to reach youth, community, and healthcare providers, pointing out the value of bringing people to the center of health policies.
Stress Levels, Attitude toward Vaccination and Personal Protective Equipment of Students at Wroclaw Medical University during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The study was conducted in March of 2021 on the students at Wroclaw Medical University from different years and faculties. Students who had mandatory physical education classes in the current year and met other eligibility criteria were enrolled. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of the pandemic on the lives of medical students. Ultimately, 660 responses to the study were included. To determine the level of stress, KPS questionnaires were used, which distinguish five types of stress. Moreover, the attitudes towards and status of vaccination were examined using PPE and declarative fettle. The findings pointed to a significantly higher level of stress in males compared to females (overall stress, 5.35 and 4.66, p = 0.0002), and increased external stress in some faculties (5.71 in dentistry, compared to overall 4.83, p = 0.009). Furthermore, medical students in their 2nd year were more stressed compared to those in their 1st year (overall stress 4.95 and 4.15, p < 0.0001). By knowing where the stress is highest, we can fight it more effectively and efficiently, by directing resources right where they are needed the most. A study about stress levels during the pandemic compared to physical activity should be developed.
Leadership and Learning at Work: A Systematic Literature Review of Learning-oriented Leadership

Contemporary organizations must be adaptive and agile as the environment changes. To respond to change, leaders must find ways of integrating learning into everyday work experiences. This invites the question: how do leaders facilitate individual, group and organizational learning? Several studies have examined relationships among leadership and learning and potential mediating and moderating variables. However, because this literature is extensive and fragmented it is difficult to discern what is known about how leadership contributes to individual, group and organizational learning. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to assemble and evaluate the existing studies. To address this limitation of the literature, this paper presents a systematic review and critique of literature in this field. Our review of 105 studies suggests that there are statistically significant relationships between different types of leadership and learning at the individual, group, and organizational levels. Furthermore, the findings indicate that these relationships are often mediated by other variables. However, little is known about moderators and boundary conditions. Based on the findings, it would be premature to say with certainty that leadership causally influences learning, since the empirical basis for such a claim is lacking. We outline the conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and empirical refinements needed to guide future research on learning-oriented leadership and advance this research trajectory. The findings of our review and our conclusions will be informative for researchers and practitioners.
Optical Rail Surface Crack Detection Method Based on Semantic Segmentation Replacement for Magnetic Particle Inspection

Railway damage detection is of great significance in ensuring railway safety. The cracks on the rail surface play a key role in studying the formation and development process of rail damage, predicting the occurrence of rail defects, and then improving the service life of the rail. However, due to the small shape of the cracks, the typical detection method is relatively complicated, and the speed is quite slow. Although traditional magnetic particle inspection technology is fairly accurate at detection, it is costly and inconvenient to carry and install, while also limiting the detection speed and affecting the system’s operation. In this paper, a semantic segmentation detection method is developed by using various collected rail surface crack data and deep learning through a neural network. By comparing the inspection of the same rail surface with magnetic particle inspection technology, only inexpensive cameras are used and the inspection speed is increased while maintaining relatively high accuracy. In addition, the method can achieve fast detection speeds if it is extended to be combined with high-frequency cameras. It is an economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for future rail surface detection.
HSOA Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Evaluation of the use of a manual to support a large-scale implementation of the “Estratégia amamenta e alimenta Brazil”

Objective: To evaluate the implementation of the Tutor Support Manual of Estratégia Amamenta e Alimenta Brasil (EAAB) – the “Manual” , developed to support Continuing Education Activities (CEA) in primary health care. Methods: Evaluative research with a quantitative and qualitative ap- proach. The evaluated intervention consisted of the use of the Manual by the tutors of Embu das Artes-SP. The Manual proposes the development of five CEA with the health team. The data collection, before and after the intervention, comprised: 1) knowledge test for tutors and health workers; 2) questionnaire with the managers of the basic health units (UBS) on the implementation of the intervention and compliance with the EAAB certification criteria proposed by the Ministry of Health. A listening workshop was held with key informants on the use of the Manual. A quantitative analysis of the implementation indicators and a qualitative analysis of the listening workshop were used. Results: The Manual was used by eight out of 13 tutors. The median of CEA performed at the UBSs was 5 [0-5]. The mean number of correct answers of the tutors (pre 31.43 ± 5.25; post 34.86 ± 4.45; p=0.021) and workers (pre 26.09 ± 4.45; post 30.28 ± 3.55; p=0.002) in the final knowledge test was higher than in the initial test. The number of certification criteria reached by UBSs was higher in the post-intervention period (median: pre 3 [1-6]; post 5 [3-6]) and was consistent with the perception of changes by managers, as well as with the number of CEA conducted by tutors. Conclusions: The use of the Manual improved the knowledge of tu- tors and health workers and promoted positive changes in the work process of the teams.
Embryo mortality in a captive-bred, Critically Endangered amphibian.

The Critically Endangered southern corroboree frog Pseudophryne corroboree is dependent upon captive assurance colonies for its continued survival. Although the captive breeding programme for this species has largely been successful, embryonic mortality remains high (40-90% per year). This study aimed to investigate the causes of mortality in P. corroboree embryos in the captive collection at Melbourne Zoo. During the 2021 breeding season, we investigated 108 abnormal embryos to determine the impact of infections and anatomical deformities on survival and used culture and molecular methods to identify microbes. Overall, 100% of abnormal embryos had fungal infections, and of these, 41.6% also had anatomical deformities. The mortality rate in abnormal embryos was 89.8%; however, we detected no difference in survival in any of the 3 observed fungal growth patterns or between deformed and non-deformed embryos. Sanger sequencing of the ITS region identified fungal isolates belonging to the genus Ilyonectria, the first record in a vertebrate host, and another as a Plectosphaerella sp. , which is the first record of infection in an embryo. Dominant bacteria identified were of the genera Herbaspirillum and Flavobacterium; however, their role in the mortality is unknown. Fungal infection and deformities have a significant impact on embryo survival in captive-bred P. corroboree. In a species which relies on captive breeding, identifying and reducing the impacts of embryonic mortality can inform conservation efforts and improve reintroduction outcomes.
Semi-supervised machine learning of optical in-situ monitoring data for anomaly detection in laser powder bed fusion

ABSTRACT Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is one of the most widely used metal additive manufacturing technology for fabrication of functional and structural components. However, inconsistency in quality and reliability of L-PBF products is still a significant barrier preventing it from wider adoption. Machine learning (ML) of monitoring data offers a unique solution to effectively identify possible defects and predict the quality of L-PBF products. In this work, we introduce a semi-supervised ML approach to detect anomalies that occurred in L-PBF products. We train the ML model to classify surface appearances in the reference monitoring data. We then correlate the classified appearances to post-process characteristics, e.g. surface roughness, morphology, or tensile strength. We demonstrate that the established correlation enables the determination of key appearances indicative of the quality of the printed samples including anomaly-free, lack-of-fusion and overheated. We further validate our ML approach by performing prediction on test samples having various geometries.
The geometry of Minkowski spacetime : an introduction to the mathematics of the special theory of relativity

This book offers a presentation of the special theory of relativity that is mathematically rigorous and yet spells out in considerable detail the physical significance of the mathematics. It treats, in addition to the usual menu of topics one is accustomed to finding in introductions to special relativity, a wide variety of results of more contemporary origin. These include Zeeman's characterization of the causal automorphisms of Minkowski spacetime, the Penrose theorem on the apparent shape of a relativistically moving sphere, a detailed introduction to the theory of spinors, a Petrov-type classification of electromagnetic fields in both tensor and spinor form, a topology for Minkowski spacetime whose homeomorphism group is essentially the Lorentz group, and a careful discussion of Dirac's famous Scissors Problem and its relation to the notion of a two-valued representation of the Lorentz group. This second edition includes a new chapter on the de Sitter universe which is intended to serve two purposes. The first is to provide a gentle prologue to the steps one must take to move beyond special relativity and adapt to the presence of gravitational fields that cannot be considered negligible. The second is to understand some of the basic features of a model of the empty universe that differs markedly from Minkowski spacetime, but may be recommended by recent astronomical observations suggesting that the expansion of our own universe is accelerating rather than slowing down. The treatment presumes only a knowledge of linear algebra in the first three chapters, a bit of real analysis in the fourth and, in two appendices, some elementary point-set topology. The first edition of the book received the 1993 CHOICE award for Outstanding Academic Title. Reviews of first edition: ". a valuable contribution to the pedagogical literature which will be enjoyed by all who delight in precise mathematics and physics. " (American Mathematical Society, 1993) "Where many physics texts explain physical phenomena by means of mathematical models, here a rigorous and detailed mathematical development is accompanied by precise physical interpretations. " (CHOICE, 1993) ". his talent in choosing the most significant results and ordering them within the book can't be denied. The reading of the book is, really, a pleasure. " (Dutch Mathematical Society, 1993)
X-ray activity from different types of stars

X-ray emission is an important indicator of stellar activity. In this paper, we study stellar X-ray activity using the XMM-Newton and LAMOST data for different types of stars. We provide a sample including 1259 X-ray-emitting stars, of which 1090 have accurate stellar parameter estimations. Our sample size is much larger than those used in previous works. We find a bimodal distribution of the X-ray to optical flux ratio (log(fX/fV)) for G and K stars. We interpret that this bimodality is due to two subpopulations with different coronal heating rates. Furthermore, using the full widths at half maxima calculated from Hα and Hβ lines, we show that these stars in the inactive peaks have smaller rotational velocities. This is consistent with the magnetic dynamo theory that presumes stars with low rotational velocities have low levels of stellar activity. We also examine the correlation between log(fX/fV) and luminosity of the excess emission in the Hα line, and find a tight relation between the coronal and chromospheric activity indicators.
Understanding Analyst Behavior: Do Individual Analysts Actually Walk Down Their Forecasts?

This study examines individual analyst forecast revisions of annual earnings, with a focus on increasing our understanding of whether analysts “walkdown” their forecasts. Focusing on revisions of individual analyst forecasts instead of consensus forecast revisions allows us to isolate how frequently walkdowns actually occur. We find that only 23.6 percent of the 182,712 analyst-firm-year forecast revisions during the 2002 – 2017 period exhibit this walkdown behavior. Further, 39.6 percent of the time individual analyst forecasts start and remain below reported earnings, 24.5 percent of the time the forecasts start and stay above reported earnings, and 12.3 percent of the time forecasts start below the reported earnings and end above reported earnings. Walkdown behavior in individual analysts also does not appear strategic. In fact, if an analyst’s first forecast is optimistic, her final forecast is similarly likely to be just above reported earnings as it is to be just below reported earnings. Finally, managers do not appear to guide individual analysts to walkdown their forecasts. Analyst forecasts are not more likely to flip from being optimistic to pessimistic when there is management guidance during the year, but are rather more likely to stay pessimistic when there is management guidance. Our results shed light on individual analyst forecast revisions, suggesting that analyst walkdown behavior is not a pervasive phenomenon.
Strengthening the Security of Operational Technology: Understanding Contemporary Bill of Materials

The evolution of cyber-physical infrastructure has made its security more challenging. The last few years have witnessed a convergence of hardware and software segments in various domains, including operational technology (OT) which is responsible for carrying out critical tasks such as monitoring and controlling power grids, nuclear plants, transportation, and emergency services. Both hardware and software encapsulate numerous open source and proprietary subcomponents, making it crucial for end-users to understand the composition of the products they are using. For example, wind turbines incorporate thousands of lines of code (software) used for the turbine’s design, planning, operation, and analytics in addition to the numerous hardware subcomponents that construct it. Due to the highly complex nature of software and hardware, knowledge of the components and subcomponents is required to mitigate cyber vulnerabilities and to defend against cyberattacks. There has also been a transformation from a traditional linear supply chain into a global, dynamic, diverse, and interconnected system. The digitization of the supply chain makes it easier to find and exploit vulnerabilities. Critical infrastructures (e.g., power grids, oil, natural gas, water, and wastewater) rely on OT to function, and if the OT is compromised, equipment damage and potential interruption of services could result. A significant security mea-sure to protect OT systems from disruption is to develop a supply chain bill of materials (BoM) corresponding to the software and hardware used in OT, along with attestations amongst vendors and asset owners. A supply chain BoM is a proactive way to under-Journal stand the inherent vulnerabilities in the system and mitigate them in advance of being exploited. BoMs bolster the trust placed in the digital infrastructure and enhance software supply chain security by sustaining the management of component obsolescence and compliance, along with the seclusion of unsafe segments of a specific product. Adopting BoM tools is becoming increasingly important across various government sectors, as evidenced by the recent U.S. executive order on cybersecurity (NIST 2021). This paper aims to classify BoMs based on structure, functionality, component type, and architecture. The work also discusses case studies to further high-light the benefits of BoMs. In addition, it identifies missing pieces in existing BoM implementations so that future research may identify bounds on where it could expect to make improvements and directly enable researchers to identify promising areas for explo-ration. Further, the authors provide valuable recommendations to tool developers, researchers, and standardizing organizations (pol-icymakers), additionally benefitting critical infrastructure owners and government executives. This aids in paving a path for future work, thereby, providing suggestions to determine a tool for consumers that best suit their needs.
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Canadian Blood Donors: The Advance of Omicron

With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in late 2021, Canadian public health case/contact testing was scaled back due to high infection rates with milder symptoms in a highly vaccinated population. We monitored the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (anti-N) and spike protein (anti-S) antibodies in blood donors across Canada from September 2021 to June 2022 in 202,123 randomly selected samples. Multivariable logistic regression of anti-N positivity with month, age, sex, racialization, region, material and social deprivation (based on postal code) identified as independent predictors. Piece-wise logistic regression analysed the association between anti-S concentration and month, and anti-N/anti-S positivity. Infection-related seroprevalence (anti-N positive) was 4.38% (95% CI: 3.96, 4.81) in September reaching 50.70% (50.15, 52.16) in June; nearly 100% were anti-S positive throughout. Anti-N positivity was associated with younger age, male sex, the Alberta and Prairies regions, greater material deprivation and less social deprivation (p < 0.001). Anti-S concentration was high initially (3306 U/mL, IQR 4280 U/mL), increased to (13,659 U/mL, IQR 28,224 U/mL) by June (p < 0.001), following the pattern of deployment of the third and fourth vaccine doses and was higher in those that were anti-N positive (p < 0.001). Despite already high vaccination-related seroprevalence, infection-related seroprevalence increased dramatically with the emergence of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant.