Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles reinforced experimental resin composite for orthodontic bonding

The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles reinforced experimental adhesive resin for orthodontic bonding. The experimental resin (bis-Phenol-A free) was prepared using urethane dimethacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, camphorquinone and N, N-cyanoethyl methylaniline. TiO2 nanoparticles were added at 1 weight-% and 3 weight-% of the experimental resin composite and were labeled as RC1 (1 weight-% TiO2) and RC3 (3 weight-% TiO2), and non-reinforced resin composite was used as control (RC). A total of 90 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned into 3 groups. In group RC, metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to the enamel surface using experimental resin (without TiO2). In the group RC1, the brackets were bonded using resin RC1, and in the group RC3, the brackets were bonded using resin RC3. Fifteen randomly selected specimens from each study group were subjected to artificial aging, and the remaining fifteen served for the baseline adhesion strength measurements. Adhesion strength was measured and recorded using a universal testing machine. Fluidity and anti-bacterial activity of the experimental and reinforced resins were determined. The highest adhesion strength at baseline was seen in group RC1 (13.2 ± 1.8 MPa), and the lowest values was seen in the group RC (12.5 ± 1.8 MPa). Following thermo-cycling, the highest adhesion strength was observed in the group RC1 (12.4 ± 2.4 MPa) and the lowest values were seen in the group RC (10.6 ± 1.6 MPa). A significant difference (ANOVA) was observed between the groups (both baseline and thermo-cycled groups) except for group RC1 (p > 0.05). The resin in the RC group demonstrated more fluidity compared to the experimental groups. Among the experimental groups, group RC3 demonstrated less fluidity compared to group RC1. The colony forming units (CFUs) were high in group RC and the least values were found in group RC1. Addition of 1% TiO2 to the BPA and bis-GMA free experimental resin demonstrated promising flow and anti-bacterial effect without compromising the adhesion strength or chemical properties.
Should Firms Stay 'Private' or Should Firms Go 'Public'? The Impact of IPO on Firm Risk

Using a unique dataset consisting of firms that went public on the European and Asian Stock Exchanges between 2007 and 2011, firms that remain private over the same period and companies which have been listed for at least 10 years, we investigate whether going public is riskier than remaining private. To achieve this goal, we disentangle the effect of equity issue from other IPO’s effect and control for endogeneity and survivorship bias. Our main results are as follows. First, we find that while controlling for selection bias and the effect of equity issue, the risk of financial distress of IPOs starts to increase significantly more than control privately held firms after the listing. This result is resilient to different estimation models (namely treatment effect model, IV approach and DID) and financial distress indicators and to splitting the sample into European and Asian IPOs subsamples. Second, we find that a firm’s risk increases progressively after the IPO year because of a remarkable decline in its liquidity, profitability and retaining earnings and due to a constant increase of its leverage. Third, we find that going public firms also exhibit in the post-IPO years higher risk and lower risk-adjusted performance than the sample of 10-years listed firms. We conclude that the increase of risk by IPO firms is temporary and not related to the public company status.
The climate change mitigation effect of bioenergy from sustainably managed forests in Central Europe

We compare sustainably managed with unmanaged forests in terms of their contribution to climate change mitigation based on published data. For sustainably managed forests, accounting of carbon (C) storage based on ecosystem biomass and products as required by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is not sufficient to quantify their contribution to climate change mitigation. The ultimate value of biomass is its use for biomaterials and bioenergy. Taking Germany as an example, we show that the average removals of wood from managed forests are higher than stated by official reports, ranging between 56 and 86 mill. m3 year−1 due to the unrecorded harvest of firewood. We find that removals from one hectare can substitute 0.87 m3 ha−1 year−1 of diesel, or 7.4 MWh ha−1 year−1, taking into account the unrecorded firewood, the use of fuel for harvesting and processing, and the efficiency of energy conversion. Energy substitution ranges between 1.9 and 2.2 t CO2 equiv. ha−1 year−1 depending on the type of fossil fuel production. Including bioenergy and carbon storage, the total mitigation effect of managed forest ranges between 3.2 and 3.5 t CO2 equiv. ha−1 year−1. This is more than previously reported because of the full accounting of bioenergy. Unmanaged nature conservation forests contribute via C storage only about 0.37 t CO2 equiv. ha−1 year−1 to climate change mitigation. There is no fossil fuel substitution. Therefore, taking forests out of management reduces climate change mitigation benefits substantially. There should be a mitigation cost for taking forest out of management in Central Europe. Since the energy sector is rewarded for the climate benefits of bioenergy, and not the forest sector, we propose that a CO2 tax is used to award the contribution of forest management to fossil fuel substitution and climate change mitigation. This would stimulate the production of wood for products and energy substitution.
Relationship between Social Capital and Mental Health among Families with Disabled Members

Background and purpose: The first conflict with disability takes place in the family, which is associated with certain socio-economic and psychological aspects. Social capital is one of the social factors that affects health. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between social capital and mental health of families with disabled members in Tehran, Iran. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis conducted based on the data obtained from the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Responses National Tool Project, which was administered in 2011. The study population included 3571 families with disabled members, who completed the mental health questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling in SPSS and AMOS. Results: The participants included 48.4% males. Among the participants, 66.8% were not in good state of mental health. The values for bonding and total social capital were lower than the standard levels. The results of the structural equation modeling showed a significant relationship between social capital and mental health of the families with disabled members. Conclusion: Social capital is a significant and effective factor in the mental health of families with disabled members. Therefore, appropriate conditions are needed to improve social participation and public trust and increase emotional, mental, and social support to promote the state of mental health in
STUDENTS’AND TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF SCIENTIFIC MODELS: TRANSITION FROM DAILY TO SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE

The use of scientific models has been regarded as an important skill for scientific enquiry. However, although many national curricula and major international science education reform movements have stressed the use of scientific models in science teaching and learning, students and teachers generally do not know how to perceive models properly. This research explores these perceptions about scientific models using the Perception of Models in Science (PMS), a self-developed instrument designed to collect participants’ model perceptions, among 218 grade 4, 6 and 8 students, as including 57 of the science teachers in their respective schools, and treated these statistically with analysis of variance, post hoc analysis and cluster analysis. Results showed that the groups of students and teachers agreed that the most acceptable model representation is reality but remained uncertain on whether a model can be presented through nonreality representations (i.e., diagram, graph, symbol, writing and speech). Participants did not significantly differ in perception intensity of seeing each model representation and held three kinds of model perceptions: daily language, transitional and scientific language. This research thus proposes action plans in managing this transitional perspective in learning the concepts of scientific models. Keywords: model representations, scientific model, students’ view, teachers’ view
Switching of the magnetic anisotropy via strain in two dimensional multiferroic materials: CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I)

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets with tunable magnetic anisotropies have great potential in developing spintronic devices. However, until now, there are a few feasible means to control the magnetic anisotropies in 2D ferromagnets. Here, we propose that magnetic easy axes can be switched by ferroelastic strain in 2D ferromagnets: CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers. Our ab initio studies reveal that CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers are 2D multiferroic materials, which exhibit both ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity. CrSX monolayers also show strongly in-plane magnetic anisotropic character due to their anisotropic structures. By such coexistence, we demonstrate that the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in CrSX monolayers can be manipulated by the reversible ferroelastic strain. Our findings provide a promising platform to control the spintronic properties by incorporating ferroelastic phase transition.Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets with tunable magnetic anisotropies have great potential in developing spintronic devices. However, until now, there are a few feasible means to control the magnetic anisotropies in 2D ferromagnets. Here, we propose that magnetic easy axes can be switched by ferroelastic strain in 2D ferromagnets: CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers. Our ab initio studies reveal that CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers are 2D multiferroic materials, which exhibit both ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity. CrSX monolayers also show strongly in-plane magnetic anisotropic character due to their anisotropic structures. By such coexistence, we demonstrate that the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in CrSX monolayers can be manipulated by the reversible ferroelastic strain. Our findings provide a promising platform to control the spintronic properties by incorporating ferroelastic phase transition.
A Conceptual Evaluation Framework for Measuring Fruit and Vegetable Consumption at School Lunch among Elementary Students Participating in the National School Lunch Program

screened (n = 184) Full text review for eligiblity (n = 99) Included in review (n = 61) Excluded on the basis of title (n = 3,351) Excluded on the basis of abstract (n = 94) Included from hand-search (n = 9) Excluded (n = 38) • Non-F/V consumption (n = 18) • Measures daily or weekly F/V consumption (n = 11) • Review (n = 3) • Aggregate school-level (n = 3) • Non-U.S. context (n = 2) • Duplicate (n = 1)
Intelligent selection of frequent emergency department patients for case management: A machine learning framework based on claims data

ABSTRACT Frequent emergency department (ED) users impose a significant burden on the healthcare system. Case management (CM) can target potential frequent users to reduce their ED utilization. As CM is costly, it is essential to enroll individuals who will achieve improved health outcomes. We present a novel machine learning framework for effectively selecting enrollees for CM. Unlike traditional methods that only target current frequent users, our approach selects members for enrollment based on their likelihood of frequent use and their potential benefit from the program. We develop predictive models for two types of future frequent users—“jumpers” whose current ED usage is low but will increase significantly in the future, and “repeaters” whose ED usage remains consistently high. We propose a strategy to select optimal combinations of these two types of users, and compare the cost effectiveness. We demonstrate that the traditional enrollment strategy works well only for targeting potential repeaters, yet it will not result in positive savings unless the CM program is very effective in reducing ED usage. Including jumpers helps to improve cost effectiveness, because of the strength of the machine learning models, and jumpers are more likely to achieve successful outcomes from participation in a CM program.
RISK ASSESSMENT FROM IONIZING RADIATION IN MAMMOGRAPHY

Objective: This work aims to define patient doses and factors which influence them for all critical groups of patients in routine mammography. Methods: A level of risks and benefits of screening mammography is under constant scrutiny. The size which best describes the amount of risk for glandular tissue caused by application of radiation in mammography is called mean glandular dose. One hundred and five patients from 40 to 78 years of age were included in this study from the Department of Radiology of the University Clinical Center Tuzla. Clinical data were collected from 400 mammograms taken from 105 women from routine mammographic screening. The exposure conditions of each mammogram were recorded. The mean glandular dose was calculated based on measuring ESAK, half value layer, kVp, mAs, breast thickness and clinical spectrum. Results: Mean MGD for women between 40 and 49 was 1.22 ± 0.47 mGy, for the group between 50 and 64 mean MGD was 1.24 ± 0.45 mGy and 1.23 ± 0.40 mGy for the group between 65 and 78. According to the correlation analysis, there was significant statistical significance between the MGD and a CBT (r = 0.709, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Values of MGD doses ranged within acceptable limits and were somewhat higher due to the extremely high value of compressed breast thickness.
Effects of sports-activity programs in reducing subcutaneous fat in four-year-olds

Today, children are spending increasingly less time meeting their natural need for physical activity, while the benefits of physical exercise are vital to the proper growth, development and health of every child. This paper explores the effects of a nine-month sports-activity program (four 50-60 minute sessions per week) on changes to the morphological features of city children of preschool age. The sample consisted of four-year-olds of both sexes: the experimental group included 57 children from two sports-oriented nursery schools: Rijeka (“ Zamet” ) and Zagreb (“ Vjeverica” ) ; the control group, 39 children attending nursery schools: Rijeka (“ Oblacic” ) and Zagreb (“ Razlicak” ) that offer conventional nursery-school programs. Results show that the kinesiological program did not generate any statistically significant differences in body mass, skeletal dimensions or circumferences, whereas a statistically significant difference occurred in skinfold measurements in favour of the experimental group in terms of subcutaneous fat reduction that can be attributed to the effect of the kinesiological program. Properly designed sports-activity programs for nursery school children contribute significantly to regulating optimum body structure, preventing obesity and, in turn, to ensuring the health of children.
Midterm follow-up results for 10 patients with giant cell tumor of the distal tibia treated by extended curettage, adjuvant liquid nitrogen, and autogenous bone graft.

Background: The distal tibia is an unusual location for giant cell tumor. Less than 4% occurring in bone involve the foot and ankle region; the exact prevalence in the distal tibia is not known. Treatment remains unclear because of the rarity of the lesion in this location, the anatomy of the ankle, and difficulties associated with reconstruction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients who underwent extended curettage for giant cell tumor of the distal tibia, using adjuvant cryotherapy and biological reconstruction with autograft. The age of the patients ranged between 23-50 yr. Nine patients had newly diagnosed giant cell tumor while one patient presented with a recurrent lesion after simple curettage and synthetic bone grafting at another hospital. One patient presented with a nondisplaced pathological fracture of the distal tibia. He was treated initially with a short leg cast until the fracture healed, then surgical intervention was done. No intraarticular extension was present preoperatively in any patient. Results: The average follow-up from primary surgical intervention was 57 mo. At the end of the study, the mean musculoskeletal tumor score (MSTS) was 90. Local recurrence occurred in two patients. The average duration until union of the graft was 6.2 mo (range, 4-10 mo). Conclusions: Giant cell tumor of the distal tibia is a rare benign but aggressive tumor. Extended curettage and liquid nitrogen as adjuvant, followed by biologic reconstruction using autogenous bone graft is a solid line of treatment for lesions without intraarticular extension that provides good results.
Blood supply in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia– self-sufficiency and safety considerations

The transfusion of blood and its derivatives is a vital supporting service to clinical medicine. However, over the years, 2 considerations have been of major concern to both health planners as well as professionals in charge of blood banks, namely, self-sufficiency and safety. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the blood transfusion service is predominantly a hospital-based blood banking system. Despite the shortcomings of this system, self-sufficiency has been attained with respect to fresh cellular components (packed red blood cells and platelet concentrates) and plasma derivatives (fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate). However, since the requirement for hemotherapy is phasic in nature and variable in quantity, hospital blood banks are exposed to frequent shortages in the supply of single components when heavy demands of that component arise. As to the second issue of safety, specifically reducing the risk of infection with transfusion-transmitted pathogens, it is addressed satisfactorily by undertaking newly emerging screening assays, including nucleic acid testing[A4] for hepatitis B and C and human immunodeficiency viruses. The continuous expansion in the number and sophistication of assay techniques designed to detect an everincreasing number of pathogens leaves a lot to be desired. Malaria, for which there is no specific and sensitive screening test, remains a daunting challenge. Additionally, viral inactivation of the frequently consumed fresh frozen plasma as well as universal leucodepletion is yet to be implemented in all blood banks. Current efforts led by the Ministry of Health towards establishing a unified national blood transfusion service, based on non-remunerated voluntary donors, is a dream that should not take long to come true and will no doubt be the ultimate answer for self-sufficiency and safety.
The relationship between oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) index and elevated blood pressure in overweight or obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects

Obesity is an important preventable disease and increases the chance of developing some chronic diseases like hypertension which is related to many factors including oxidative stress. Dietary antioxidants protect the body against oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential association of dietary oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) index with blood pressure in overweight or obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects. In a cross-sectional study on 157 adult females and males from students and staff of Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU) of Tehran that classified in two groups of normal weight and overweight or obese were evaluated. Demographic and validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were completed and individuals' weight and height information were measured using the BIA. The systolic and diastolic pressure was recorded by the Automatic Blood Pressure monitor. Dietary antioxidant was estimated based on the ORAC index of selected foods reported by the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the normal and overweight or obese groups in terms of body mass index, systolic and diastolic pressure (p=0.0001). Also, the ORAC index was higher in normal individuals than the case group, but it was not significant (p=0.222). There was also an inverse correlation between dietary ORAC, systolic and diastolic pressure in both groups, and only in the normal weight group, the association between systolic pressure and the dietary ORAC index was significant (p=0.04). The findings of the present study suggested that the dietary ORAC index was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic pressure in both subjects.
Gender Quotas, Women’s Representation, and Legislative Diversity

Diversity in the characteristics of political leaders increases the quality of policy, perceptions of legitimacy, and accountability to constituents. Yet, increasing leaders’ diversity proves one of the most difficult challenges facing modern democracy. Efforts like gender quotas shift descriptive representation on the targeted characteristic, but critics argue that women selected via quotas are as homogenous as those selected via traditional methods. In this article, we theorize that quotas (re)conceptualize views of potential political leaders and transform party recruitment networks. In doing so, quotas increase the diversity of all leaders in office. We evaluate these claims with a new measure of diversity and a data set of over 1,700 legislators in Argentinian subnational government. We show that quotas increase the professional and personal diversity of women and men in office over time, suggesting that electoral gender quotas transform parties, political networks, and how women (and men) perceive political office.
College and the Cure: Education and Career Considerations of Childhood Cancer Survivors

This qualitative study examined educational and career-related issues of 8 young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Participants described factors that detracted from academic performance and reported continued vigilance in regard to their health and level of stress. In regard to careers, the cancer experience led some to exclude certain professions from consideration but also gave rise to opportunities, areas of focus, or an interest in helping others. Implications for professionals in student affairs are considered.
A Novel General Purpose Combined DFVF/VCII Based Biomedical Amplifier

We here present a 0.15 µm CMOS high input impedance and low noise AC coupled flipped voltage follower-based amplifier for high integration level in integrated circuits in a wide range of sensing applications. With such a circuit, it is possible to achieve a high level of integration, thanks to the absence of passive resistors, and also to implement a very high input impedance without capacitive feedback thanks to bootstrap operation, thus offering a very low high-pass cutoff frequency. Simulated results with a proven and well modeled standard technology show a whole circuit input-referred noise of 5.4 µVrms. The bias voltage is ±0.6 V with a total power consumption of the single amplifier of 20 µW. The very low circuit complexity allows a very low estimated reduced area occupation giving, as a general example, the possibility of integrating an array of up to thousands of channels for biomedical applications. Detailed simulation results, PVT analysis and comparison tables are also presented in the paper.