Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study between the Efficacy of Trichloroacetic Acid 30% versus Intradermal 5 Fluorouracil Injection in Treatment of Vitiligo with or without Narrow Band Ultraviolet B Phototherapy

Background: Vitiligo is a challenging disease, which significantly impaired quality of life (QoL). In recent years, there are numerous therapeutic modalities available that aim to stop progression with a subsequent induction of skin re-pigmentation. Combination among different modalities could improve the response, reduces the adverse events, and reduces the course required to achieve re-pigmentation in vitiligo. Objective: To compare the efficacy of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) chemical peel (30% concentration) versus intradermal injection of 5 Fluorouracil Injection (5-FU) both with and without Narrow Band Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) Phototherapy (PT) in management of stable non-segmental vitiligo (NSV). Patients and Methods: This comparative prospective interventional study comprised 60 patients with stable NSV. Patients were divided into two equal groups: Group I and group II. Lesion 1 in both groups was treated with only TCA 30%, while, lesion 2 was treated with only intradermal injection of 5-FU. In group II, each lesion was followed by the application of NBUVB sessions twice/week. Results: Based on the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) score, the present study demonstrated a highly statistically significant increase in the percentage of improvement among group II compared to group I. According to the PGA score, our study demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the percentage of improvement among the subgroup 5-FU II+ NBUVB compared to 5-FU I. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the combination therapies of each of TCA or 5-FU with NBUVB ranked higher than monotherapy with either TCA or 5-FU in inducing successful re-pigmentation in stable NSV patients.
Assessing soil temperature and moisture fluctuations under irrigated banana (Musa spp.) cultivation in response to coconut coir mulch cover

The semiarid is characterized by extreme heat, which affects agricultural production by limiting the soil's ability to retain water. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of mulch on soil temperature and soil moisture in a drip irrigated banana plantation in a Brazilian semiarid region. Six thermocouples and three soil moisture probes were used, with coconut coir as mulch. Daytime and nighttime surface temperatures were compared for two mulch densities (4 and 8 t ha-1) and bare soil. Soil temperature and moisture were measured at three depths (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 m). The study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015. Mulch had a buffer effect on soil temperature fluctuation. Drip irrigation management associated with mulch provided a uniform moisture profile close to field capacity.
Aeolian-fluvial interactions in dryland environments: examples, concepts and Australia case study

Over the past 10 to 15 years there has been a rising interest in interactions between aeolian and fluvial processes from geomorphologists and sedimentologists. This reflects recognition of the limitations of a reductionist perspective examining single process systems in understanding landform and landscape development. This paper focuses on the rise of aeolian-fluvial interaction research in dryland environments. We first explore the background to the contemporary situation then review existing research on aeolian-fluvial interactions at global/regional and local scales. From this review it is suggested that landscape sensitivity, or the effectiveness of links between the process systems, spatial environmental transitions and temporal environmental change are the three main driving forces determining the geomorpho-logical significance of aeolian-fluvial interactions. The importance of the first two of these driving forces is explored in more detail using Australia as a case study. We conclude by highlighting some future possible research directions in this field.
Keystroke Biometrics as a Tool for the Early Diagnosis and Clinical Assessment of Parkinson’s Disease

(1) Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Early diagnosis and reliable clinical assessments are essential for appropriate therapy and improving patients’ quality of life. Keystroke biometrics, which capture unique typing behavior, have shown potential for early PD diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate keystroke biometric parameters from two datasets to identify indicators that can effectively distinguish de novo PD patients from healthy controls. (2) Methods: Data from natural typing tasks in Physionet were analyzed to estimate keystroke biometric parameters. The parameters investigated included alternating-finger tapping (afTap) and standard deviations of interkey latencies (ILSD) and release latencies (RLSD). Sensitivity rates were calculated to assess the discriminatory ability of these parameters. (3) Results: Significant differences were observed in three parameters, namely afTap, ILSD, and RLSD, between de novo PD patients and healthy controls. The sensitivity rates were high, with values of 83%, 88%, and 96% for afTap, ILSD, and RLSD, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a significantly negative correlation between typing speed and number of words typed with the standard motor assessment for PD, UPDRS-III, in patients with early PD. (4) Conclusions: Simple algorithms utilizing keystroke biometric parameters can serve as effective screening tests in distinguishing de novo PD patients from healthy controls. Moreover, typing speed and number of words typed were identified as reliable tools for assessing clinical statuses in PD patients. These findings underscore the potential of keystroke biometrics for early PD diagnosis and clinical severity assessment.
Can attitudes toward God buffer the negative effect of neuroticism on life satisfaction

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress and anxiety and decreased life satisfaction, especially for those with a high level of neuroticism. In a religious country such as Indonesia, this pandemic may cause people, including college students, to feel anger toward God. Previous studies found that certain behaviours moderate the effect of neuroticism on life satisfaction. This study investigated the moderating effects of positive and negative attitudes toward God. A moderation analysis was performed on data obtained from 367 Christian and 547 Muslim students from 10 universities in the Jakarta metropolitan area. The findings revealed that a positive attitude toward God significantly moderates the connection between neuroticism and life satisfaction for Christians, whereas a negative attitude toward God does not moderate the same connection for both Muslims and Christians. The implications of this study are discussed below.
Forced to Work from Home: Division of Unpaid Work between Parents and the Relation to Job Satisfaction

This study investigates the division of household chores and caregiving tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the influence of participants’ sex, work arrangement, and parental status. Additionally, it aims to understand the relationship of these variables with job satisfaction. Specifically, this study analyses the role of participants’ sex and parental status in the increase and division of unpaid work and investigates the roles of sex, work arrangements (namely telework and on-site work), and the division of unpaid work in job satisfaction. These variables were measured and analyzed with a sample of 268 workers in Portugal (57.8% of whom were teleworking) during pandemic lockdowns. Taken together, the results suggest that despite prepandemic advances in gender equality and despite men and women perceiving an increase in their domestic workload during lockdowns, there were significant inequalities between men and women in the division of unpaid work. These were intensified for couples with young children and were not mitigated by changes in work arrangements such as telework. For women, the lack of sharing in caregiving tasks while teleworking decreased their job satisfaction. For them, the lack of sharing of caregiving tasks moderates the relationship between work arrangements and job satisfaction. The same was not true for men. Despite the optimistic view that telework might promote a more equal sharing of unpaid work, this study shows that unpaid work is still mostly performed by women, with important consequences for the paid work sphere.
Capabilities of optical and radar Earth observation data for up-scaling methane emissions linked to subsidence and permafrost degradation in sub-Arctic peatlands

Permafrost thaw in Arctic regions is increasing methane (CH 4 ) emissions to the atmosphere but quantification of such emissions is difficult given the large and remote areas impacted. Hence, Earth Observation (EO) data are critical for assessing both permafrost thaw, associated ecosystem change, and increased CH 4 emissions. Often extrapolation from field 15 measurements using EO is the approach employed. However, there are key challenges to consider - that landscape CH 4 emissions result from a complex local-scale mixture of micro-topographies and vegetation types that support widely differing CH 4 emissions and the difficulty in detecting the initial stages of permafrost degradation before vegetation transitions have occurred. This study considers the use of a combination of ultra-high resolution unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) data, together with Sentinel-1 and -2 data to extrapolate field measurements of CH 4 emissions from a set of 20 vegetation types which capture the local variation in vegetation on degrading palsa wetlands. We show that the ultra-high resolution UAV data can map spatial variation in vegetation relevant to variation in CH 4 emissions and extrapolate these across the wider landscape. We further show how Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 can be used. By way of a soft classification, and simple correction of misclassification bias of a hard classification, the output vegetation mapping and subsequent extrapolation of CH 4 emissions matched closely that generated using the UAV data. InSAR assessment of subsidence 25 together with the vegetation classification suggested that high subsidence rates of palsa wetland can be used to quantify areas at risk of increased CH 4 emissions. We estimate that a transition of an area currently experiencing subsidence to fen type vegetation are estimated to increase emissions from 116 kg CH 4 season -1 from the 50 ha study area, to emissions as high as 6500 to 13000 kg CH 4 season -1 . The key outcome from this study is that a fusion of EO data types provides the ability to estimate CH 4 emissions from large geographies covered by a fine mixture of vegetation types and vulnerable to transitioning
Large‐scale folding in the Asemi‐gawa region of the Sanbagawa Belt, southwest Japan

The Sanbagawa Belt generally shows higher metamorphic grade at higher structural levels. This inversion can be interpreted as reflecting an original inverted thermal structure typical of subduction zone environments. However, repetitions in the distribution of the metamorphic zones seen in central Shikoku, Japan, clearly show the original thermal structure has been affected by deformation after the peak of metamorphism. This repetition has been attributed to both the action of tectonic discontinuities and regional folding. It is important to distinguish between these two interpretations to determine the extent to which the original subduction zone sequence is preserved. Analyses of lithological and structural data reveal the presence of a large‐scale post‐metamorphic fold in the central part of the highest grade region. This folding has an axis that coincides with the thermal axis implied by the distribution of the metamorphic zonation, suggesting the repetition of metamorphic zones in this area can be accounted for by folding without the need for major discontinuities.
P‐37: Just Noticeable Difference of Image Attributes for Natural Images

To model the relative importance of the image quality attributes white level, black level, color saturation and contour rendering, they need to be varied all to a perceptually equal extent. The just noticeable difference (JND) of each attribute can be used for this. These JNDs are well known for specific test patterns, but not for natural image content. In this paper, we describe several experiments to determine the relationship between the JNDs and the averaged image characteristics.
Medical Brain Drain and Its Consequences for Poland - A Country Case Study

This paper looks at some negative effects of Brain Drain for Poland. We propose to look at specific numbers of human capital emigration from Poland, in particular those for the medical professions outflow. We juxtapose the relevant data on human capital migration from Poland with the most fundamental demographic data and the demographic predictions for Poland until 2054. Our hypothesis is that brain drain, especially the outflow of the medical professionals from Poland, which has a stable population regime, a TFR of 1.2 and unfavorable prospects for the labor market structure as well as unfavorable predictions for the Net Dependency Ratio will - if not counteracted - pose a serious challenge in the future, especially for policy makers. We conclude that medical staff brain drain from Poland is detrimental and may harm Poland's Raison d'Etat in the long run. Policy measures are necessary.
Butterfly Diversity in Kakrebihar Forest Area, Birendranagar, Surkhet, Nepal

Butterfly diversity changes with habitat and meteorological factors. They are facing threats due to many environmental and anthropogenic causes so need their diversity and status investigation to initiate conservation programs. The butterfly diversity study was conducted at Kakrebihar protected forest, the first government protected forest, during January to December 2021. The data was collected using Ocular Point Observation Method. Capture and release method along with photography was used for butterfly identification. Total of 431 individuals of 33 species of butterflies were recorded belonging to 24 genera and 7 families. Among recorded families of butterflies, Nymphalidae was dominant family followed by family Hisperiidae. Among recorded butterfly species, 17 species were very common, 15 were common and one was rare. The total butterfly diversity and evenness were recorded to be high in the study area. The butterfly diversity was found to be high during post-monsoon season followed by monsoon and pre-monsoon season and its lowest during winter season.
METHODS OF ASSESSING UNCERTAINTY IN AEROSOL PROPERTIES AS INTERPRETED FROM LIDAR MEASUREMENTS

METHODS OF ASSESSING UNCERTAINTY IN AEROSOL PROPERTIES AS INTERPRETED FROM LIDAR MEASUREMENTS by Benjamin R. Herman Advisers: Professors Barry Gross and Fred Moshary This dissertation is an investigation into how measurements of backscatter and extinction from lidar can be interpreted to gain information about other aerosol properties by determining uncertainties of aerosol size distributions and refractive indexes. A derivation of aerosol optical properties from particle size distributions and their resulting effect on lidar signals is shown. Procedures for retrieving optical properties from lidar signals are shown and an analysis of the dependency of optical coefficient retrieval error on true value is performed. Methods of retrieving aerosol size distributions including linear basis representation and parameterization are discussed. A graphical uncertainty analysis is discussed and applied to analyzing the effects on uncertainty when extinction measurements are included to a three-wavelength backscatter measurement set in an assumed index of refraction model. The problems associated with using a mono-modal model in the presence of a bimodal aerosol distribution are analyzed. The Bayesian inverse method is introduced and a reverse Monte Carlo method based on conditional probability is used to illustrate discrepancies from a conventional forward Monte Carlo method. An analytic formula for the color ratio retrieval error probability density function (PDF) is derived for computing the posterior PDF. Discrepancies between posterior cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) and estimated
Effect of manganese-rich solid waste on soil phosphorus availability applied as monopotassium and rock phosphate in two contrasting soils

Manganese (Mn) mining produces a large amount of Mn-rich solid waste contributing to soil and groundwater pollution. Adding Mn-rich waste to soils could reduce mining pollution by allowing specialised plants to take up this mineral for growth, that is, phytoremediation. However, Mn interacts with other soil major and trace minerals. The interaction with phosphorus (P), a key element for plant nutrition and growth, has received less attention. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of P sources (i.e. rock phosphate and monopotassium [KH2PO4]) and application rates on the P and Mn relationships in clay and sandy soils mixed with Mn-rich waste. Soils differing in texture were incubated for 60 days at room temperature (±20 °C), and changes in available P, Mn and soil pH were determined at 0, 30 and 60 days. The addition of Mn-rich solid waste significantly decreased available soil P in both soils with the greatest reduction of 62% and 52% from the sandy soil subjected to KH2PO4 and rock phosphate, respectively. In the clayey soil, the reduction was higher for the rock phosphate source implying more P was released from the rock phosphate in Mn-rich soils. This explanation was supported by the significant positive correlation between P and Mn for both soils when P is added in the form of rock phosphate. Our results suggest that Mn-rich waste is better in clay soils subjected to rock phosphate addition. Further research is needed to control Mn solid waste pollution levels in soils using specific crops with known phytoremediation properties.
Aragonian, the stage concept versus Neogene Mammal Zones

The system of Neogene Mammal Zones, as originally created by Mein (1975), is discussed, and found to be confusing. The Aragonian in the type section and in the surrounding area is discussed, and the evolution of its fauna described in some detail. It appears dubious to apply the MN-zones to the faunules of the Aragonian type area. On the other hand, the type section may well serve as a basis for correlation of Miocene vertebrate localities in Spain and France and — may be — in other parts of Europe.
A metabolome and transcriptome survey to tap the dynamics of fruit prolonged shelf-life and improved quality within Greek tomato germplasm

Introduction Tomato is a high economic value crop worldwide with recognized nutritional properties and diverse postharvest potential. Nowadays, there is an emerging awareness about the exploitation and utilization of underutilized traditional germplasm in modern breeding programs. In this context, the existing diversity among Greek accessions in terms of their postharvest life and nutritional value remains largely unexplored. Methods Herein, a detailed evaluation of 130 tomato Greek accessions for postharvest and nutritional characteristics was performed, using metabolomics and transcriptomics, leading to the selection of accessions with these interesting traits. Results The results showed remarkable differences among tomato Greek accessions for overall ripening parameters (color, firmness) and weight loss. On the basis of their postharvest performance, a balance between short shelf life (SSL) and long shelf life (LSL) accessions was revealed. Metabolome analysis performed on 14 selected accessions with contrasting shelf-life potential identified a total of 206 phytonutrients and volatile compounds. In turn, transcriptome analysis in fruits from the best SSL and the best LSL accessions revealed remarkable differences in the expression profiles of transcripts involved in key metabolic pathways related to fruit quality and postharvest potential. Discussion The pathways towards cell wall synthesis, polyamine synthesis, ABA catabolism, and steroidal alkaloids synthesis were mostly induced in the LSL accession, whereas those related to ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall degradation, isoprenoids, phenylpropanoids, ascorbic acid and aroma (TomloxC) were stimulated in the SSL accession. Overall, these data would provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism towards enhancing shelf-life and improving flavor and aroma of modern tomato cultivars.
Application of aerosol hygroscopicity measured at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Southern Great Plains site to examine composition and evolution

[1] A Differential Mobility Analyzer/Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA/TDMA) was used to measure submicron aerosol size distributions, hygroscopicity, and occasionally volatility during the May 2003 Aerosol Intensive Operational Period (IOP) at the Central Facility of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Southern Great Plains (ARM SGP) site. Hygroscopic growth factor distributions for particles at eight dry diameters ranging from 0.012 μm to 0.600 μm were measured throughout the study. For a subset of particle sizes, more detailed measurements were occasionally made in which the relative humidity or temperature to which the aerosol was exposed was varied over a wide range. These measurements, in conjunction with backtrajectory clustering, were used to infer aerosol composition and to gain insight into the processes responsible for evolution. The hygroscopic growth of both the smallest and largest particles analyzed was typically less than that of particles with dry diameters of about 0.100 μm. It is speculated that condensation of secondary organic aerosol on nucleation mode particles is largely responsible for the minimal hygroscopic growth observed at the smallest sizes considered. Growth factor distributions of the largest particles characterized typically contained a nonhygroscopic mode believed to be composed primarily of dust. A model was developed to characterize the hygroscopic properties of particles within a size distribution mode through analysis of the fixed size hygroscopic growth measurements. The performance of this model was quantified through comparison of the measured fixed size hygroscopic growth factor distributions with those simulated through convolution of the size-resolved concentration contributed by each of the size modes and the mode-resolved hygroscopicity. This transformation from size-resolved hygroscopicity to mode-resolved hygroscopicity facilitated examination of changes in the hygroscopic properties of particles within a size distribution mode that accompanied changes in the sizes of those particles. This model was used to examine three specific cases in which the sampled aerosol evolved slowly over a period of hours or days.