Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title: A Genetic Test of the Role of the Maternal Pronucleus in Wolbachia -Induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility

Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI) is a reproductive sterility found in Arthropods that is caused by the endoparasitic bacteria Wolbachia . In CI, host progeny fail to develop during early embryogenesis if Wolbachia -infected males fertilize uninfected females. It is widely accepted that this lethality is caused by some unknown Wolbachia -induced modification of the paternal nuclear material in the host testes. However, the direct means by which this modification leads to early embryonic death is currently unresolved. Results from previous studies suggested that CI lethality occurs as a result of asynchrony in cell cycle timing between the paternal and maternal pronuclei. This hypothesis can be tested experimentally by the prediction that the Wolbachia -modified paternal pronucleus should support androgenetic development ( i.e ., from the paternal pronucleus only). Using specific mutations in Drosophila melanogaster that produce androgenetic progeny, we demonstrate that the Wolbachia -induced modification inhibits this type of development. This result suggests that CI occurs independently of the maternal pronucleus and argues against pronuclear asynchrony as the primary cause of CI lethality. We propose that CI occurs instead as the result of either a developmentally incompetent paternal pronucleus or asynchrony between the paternal pronucleus and the cell cycle of the egg cytoplasm. pronucleus and enhance embryonic development solely from the paternal pronucleus ( i.e . , androgenetic We reasoned that if cell cycle asynchrony between paternal and maternal pronuclei is the cause of developmental failure, the Wolbachia -induced modification should not inhibit the paternal pronucleus from undergoing androgenetic development. We found, however, that the modified paternal pronucleus fails to support this type of development suggesting that CI does not involve the maternal pronucleus.
Experimental ionospheric tomography with ionosonde input and EISCAT verification

Results are presented of tomographic images of ionospheric electron density obtained from experimental measurements of total electron content at a linear chain of stations. Comparison with independent measurements made using a special scan or the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar show broad agreement except under extreme ionospheric conditions. The large-scale horizontal features of the electron density are replicated well in the tomographic image. The vertical profile is dependent on the ionospheric model used to create the background ionosphere formed as an initial condition in the reconstruction process. The inclusion of additional independent information in the form of the electron density and height of the layer peak obtained from ionosondes, has been incorporated into the imaging procedure. The resultant tomographic images show improved agreement with the EISCAT measurements in the vicinity of the layer maximum
Coordination Incentives for Information Acquisition with a Finite Set of Players

We consider a class of two-player quadratic games under incomplete information to study the relation between exogenous coordination motives and strategic interactions in information acquisition. The players make decisions in two stages. They decide about information acquisition in the first stage and choose their actions in the second stage. Preferences are such that the optimal action of each player depends on the state of the world and on the action taken by the other player. We show that if the degree of coordination in actions is sufficiently high, then the strategic interaction in the information choice does not have the same coordination motives as the action choice. Consequently, heterogeneous beliefs can be sustained endogenously for our class of games if the degree of complementarity or substitutability is high enough. Our results contrast qualitatively with the case studied by Hellwig and Veldkamp (2009) where the set of players is a continuum
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Standard Precautions amongst Allied Oral Healthcare Personnel In Lagos State

Background: Allied oral healthcare practitioners such as dental technologists, dental therapists, dental technicians, dental nurses etc., are invariably exposed to patients’ blood or/and body fluids and this poses a health risk to oral healthcare workers and patients. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of standard precautions (SP) amongst allied oral healthcare workers in Lagos State. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study which entailed the distribution of structured, self-administered questionnaires to a consecutively recruited convenience sample of 113 allied oral healthcare practitioners in both private and public oral healthcare facilities in Lagos State. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS. Bivariate analysis was done to determine association between variables. P < 0.005 was considered significant. Results: Most (85%) of respondents displayed good overall knowledge of standard precautions. Majority (77%) of respondents had a positive attitude towards standard precautions. Overall practice of standard precautions amongst the participants in the study was good (92%). However, most (74.3%) of the respondents exhibited moderate correctness in the practice of standard precautions, while few (14.2%) demonstrated a high level of correctness; those with poor level of overall correctness in the practice of standard precautions were the least (11.5%). Factors chiefly associated with low or no compliance with standard precautions were lack/inadequate provision of personal protective equipment (85%), inadequate awareness on need for standard precautions (72.6%), stress associated with compliance (67.3%), and lack of basic amenities e.g. soap, water (64.6%). Conclusion: The study showed that the knowledge, attitude and practice of standard precautions among allied oral healthcare workers in both private and public healthcare facilities was fair as majority had good knowledge, attitude and practice of standard precautions. However, there is an urgent need to address the issues with reference to the barriers to compliance with standard precautions identified in the study.
Developing Trust and Reputation Taxonomy for a Dynamic Network Environment

— Trust and reputation are the pillars of many social phenomena that shape the Internet socio-economic scene. The few existing taxonomies provide only initial insights into the ways trust benefits can be felt, but they are neither complete nor elaborated in a systemic manner. In this paper, we propose a multidimensional framework for designing and assessing the completeness and consistency of reputation mechanisms. Our framework is based on systemic principles; it identifies reputation system components, the factors that influence the system-design, defines the interrelations between the former and the dependencies on the later. By considering the human-centric, dynamic and context-dependent trust-establishment, we detect five major factors that guide reputation systems’ design. The presented framework is applied to BarterCast, a reputation mechanism that extends the current P2P network protocol – BitTorrent, and is deployed in the BitTorrent-client Tribler.
Is it Rocket Science or Brain Science? Developing an Instrument to Measure ”Engineering Intuition”

She University in 2015 with a PhD in Chemical Engineering, and is interested in student learning in engineering. In particular, her work focuses on various aspects of students’ development from novice to expert, including development of engineering intuition, as well as critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills. She Purdue University with a PhD in and Astronau-tical Engineering and is interested in increasing classroom engagement and student learning. Abstract This theory paper describes the conceptual framework behind the on-going development of a survey-style instrument to assess “engineering intuition. ” With the prevalence of computer-aided problem-solving in the modern engineering workplace, it is becoming increasingly essential for professional engineers to be able to quickly and accurately assess the results from simulation or problem-solving software. Subsequently, they need to be able to estimate or predict the outcomes from the software, in addition to responding to real-time events on the job. We characterize this ability to assess and/or predict outcomes as a key feature of “engineering intuition,” a highly desirable but vague and abstract essential engineering skill. Well-developed engineering intuition can have the potential to lead to greater efficiency and innovation in engineering, as well as mitigate adverse events. Engineering intuition should be a highly sought-after professional engineering skill, yet it is not explicitly taught within engineering curricula. Here we present the theory behind the on-going development of our instrument, including the importance of intuition in development of discipline-specific expertise, specific significance of engineering intuition in the modern workforce, hypotheses regarding related constructs, and assessment of responses to intuition-engaging engineering problems. We also describe the future intentions of this project, including validity and reliability testing of the instrument and subsequent application studies.
From laissez-faire to intervention

The imperative of realizing utopian visions of the smart grid puts unprecedented policy focus on standardization. Because standards are a prerequisite for deployment, the US federal government - in a departure from established hands-o ﬀ practice - intervened to coordinate and accelerate standardization activities. This research uses narrative analysis to explore how such a policy of intervention was constructed. What emerges has elements of a hero story, describing a situation to be remedied: an aging electricity grid, plagued by blackouts and moder- nization hampered by an electric utility industry composed by stand-alone “ silos ” . In contrast, the vision of a future “ smart grid ” with promises of improved energy security, reduced carbon emissions, renewable resources, “ green innovation ” and jobs. The threat: without standards, the risk that sizable public investments become obsolete prematurely. The villain: unnamed companies engaging in uncompetitive behavior. The unlikely hero: The National Institute of Standards and Technology, able to act as an “ honest broker ” , proving that the government can as “ catalyst ” in partnership with industry. While succeeding in making a strong argument for government intervention, the story can be criticized for making exaggerated claims about the e ﬀ ects of standards, for downplaying the complexity of the process and for failure to outline policy alternatives beyond a ﬁ ve- year plan.
Glucose Tolerance at Hospital Discharge as a Prognostic Marker in Acute Heart Failure Patients

Background: Because patients with Heart Failure (HF) and diabetes have a poorer prognosis compared to HF patients without diabetes, it is important to understand the prognostic value of glycaemic control in this population. This study investigated the association between different markers of glycaemic control and outcome in 192 HF patients on the day of hospital discharge. Methods: All-cause mortality combined with hospitalization for cardio-renal cause during follow-up was defined as the primary outcome. Results: A history of diabetes was present in 94 patients (32%). From the remaining 98 patients, 3% was classified as having normal glucose tolerance, 41 (42%) prediabetes and 54 (55%) newly diagnosed diabetes. During the median follow-up time of 470 days, there were 23 deaths (24%) among the previously known diabetic patients, compared to 18 (18%) in the group of newly diagnosed (pre)diabetic patients. 2h glucose was a significant predictor for outcome, with a hazard ratio (95% CI) of 1.080 (1.00-1.17) while neither fasting plasma glucose nor HbA1c were associated with outcome. Conclusions: The majority of HF patients have impaired glucose regulation on the day of hospital discharge. Elevated 2h glucose during OGTT, but not fasting plasma glucose nor HbA1c, demonstrated a higher risk for worse outcome.
Using Internet reports for early estimates of the ﬁnal death toll of earthquake-generated tsunami: the March 11, 2011, Tohoku, Japan, earthquake CITIZEN EMPOWERED SEISMOLOGY/

A retrospective case study was conducted for the March 11, 2011, earthquake that occurred off the east Paciﬁc coast of Tohoku, Japan, with reference to the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami on December 26, 2004. The regularities of the temporal variations of the number of deaths reported through the Internet is used to make an early stage quick-and-rough estimate to assist in the emergency decision making, and to continue the revision of the estimate as new data comes in. The quick-and-rough estimate of the ﬁnal fatalities that was obtained on the second day after the earthquake is shown to agree with the ﬁnal reported fatalities to within an order of magnitude. This also has an added advantage over other estimation models, in that the estimates can be updated with new data as they become available.
endosome-linked pathways.

The phosphoinositide 5-kinase (PIKfyve) is a critical enzyme for the synthesis of PtdIns(3,5)P 2 , that has been implicated in various trafﬁcking events associated with the endocytic pathway. We have now directly compared the effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of PIKfyve in HeLa cells with a speciﬁc pharmacological inhibitor of enzyme activity. Both approaches induce changes in the distribution of CI-M6PR and trans-Golgi network (TGN)-46 proteins, which cycles between endosomes and TGN, leading to their accumulation in dispersed punctae, whilst the TGN marker golgin-245 retains a perinuclear disposition. Trafﬁck- ing of CD8-CI-M6PR (retromer-dependent) and CD8-Furin (retromer-independent) chimeras from the cell surface to the TGN is delayed following drug administration, as is the transport of the Shiga toxin B-subunit. siRNA knockdown of PIKfyve produced no defect in epider- mal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation, unless combined with knockdown of its activator molecule Vac14, suggesting that a low threshold of PtdIns(3,5)P 2 is necessary and sufﬁcient for this pathway. Accord-ingly pharmacological inhibition of PIKfyve results in a profound block to the lysosomal degradation of activated epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Met recep- tors. Immunoﬂuorescence revealed EGF receptors to be trapped in the interior of a swollen endosomal compartment. In cells starved of amino acids, PIKfyve inhibition leads to the accumulation of the lipidated form of GFP-LC3, a marker of autophagosomal struc- tures, which can be visualized as ﬂuorescent punctae. We suggest that PIKfyve inhibition may render the late endosome/lysosome compartment refractory to fusion with both autophagosomes and with EGFR-containing multivesicular bodies.
Leaf energy balance requires mitochondrial respiration and export of 18 chloroplast NADPH in the light 19 20

Metabolic modelling reveals why mitochondrial respiration and chloroplast ABSTRACT Key aspects of leaf mitochondrial metabolism in the light remain unresolved. For example, there is 38 debate about the relative importance of exporting reducing equivalents from mitochondria for the 39 peroxisomal steps of photorespiration versus oxidation of NADH to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we address this and explore energetic coupling between organelles in the 41 light using a diel flux balance analysis model. The model included >600 reactions of central 42 metabolism with full stoichiometric accounting of energy production and consumption. Different 43 scenarios of energy availability (light intensity) and demand (source leaf versus a growing leaf) were 44 considered and the model was constrained by the non-linear
Nuclear Stabilization of (cid:1) -Catenin and Inactivation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (cid:1) by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Targeting Wnt Signaling in the Pituitary Gonadotrope

The GnRH receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), and its ligand GnRH is the central regulator of the reproductive system. GnRH receptors are known to target a wide variety of signal transduction pathways. Several recent studies have shown that activation of GPCRs can impact on (cid:1) -catenin signaling. (cid:1) -Catenin is the main effecter of the Wnt signaling pathway where it acts with the transcription factors T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor to mediate the transcription of Wnt target genes. We show that GnRH treatment promotes the nuclear accumulation of (cid:1) -catenin, activation of T cell factor-dependent transcription, and up-regulation of Wnt target genes, c-Jun, Fra-1, and c-Myc. These results are observed in human embryonic kidney 293/GnRH receptor-expressing cells and have been recapitulated in L (cid:1) T2 and (cid:2) T3-1 mouse gonadotrope cells. In addition to these findings, we show that GnRH treatment mediates the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3, a protein serine/threonine kinase that regulates (cid:1) -catenin degradation within the Wnt signaling pathway. Our findings extend the number of GPCRs that can target (cid:1) -catenin signaling through diverse pathways. Furthermore, this is the first demonstration of the targeting of Wnt/ (cid:1) -catenin signaling by a peptide hormone GPCR. ( Molecular Endocrinology 21: 3028–3038,
Proceedings of the XX International Vitamin A Consultative Group Meeting Physiologic Indicators of Vitamin A Status

Physiologic indicators reflect the functional consequences of vitamin A deficiency and may be particularly useful for detecting early perturbations in vitamin A status. In conjunctival impression cytology (CIC), epithelial morphology and the presence or absence of mucin spots and goblet cells allow samples, obtained by applying filter paper to the temporal conjunctiva, to be characterized as normal or typical of vitamin A-deficient keratinizing metaplasia. The validity of CIC has been established with reference to other indicators of vitamin A status, and a prevalence of 20% abnormal results has been suggested as indicative of a public health problem. However, interpretation of specimens requires considerable training, and nonresponsiveness to supplementation is a frequent problem, which limits the utility of CIC as a method for evaluating the impact of intervention programs. Several simplified field protocols for dark adaptation have been developed, including one in which dark adaptation is assessed by the responsiveness of the pupil to light. Night blind subjects have consistently shown abnormal results on this test, and a significant response to placebo-controlled dosing has been demonstrated for children and pregnant women. Scores have correlated significantly with serum retinol and relative dose response. Pupillary dark adaptation testing is acceptable to most children as young as 2 y old. Limitations of this technique include a time course for recovery after dosing as long as 4–6 wk, a testing time of 20 min, and the need for 1–3 d of training. Given its low cost, noninvasive nature, and lack of the need to transport samples, pupillary dark adaptation offers advantages over other techniques for assessing a population’s vitamin A status. J. Nutr. 132: 2889S–2894S, 2002.
Running Head: WM SCORES AND INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN

Different procedures have been proposed for scoring working memory (WM) tasks. The Absolute Credit Score (ACS) only considers performance in perfectly recalled trials, while the Partial Credit Score (PCS) considers imperfectly recalled ones too. Research indicates that different relationships between WM and general intelligence (the g -factor) may emerge using the ACS or the PCS. We reanalyzed the ACS and PCS obtained in a sample of 176 children in the 4 th and 5 th grades, and found that the PCS strengthened the relationship between WM and intelligence, and the relationships between visuospatial short-term memory (STM-VS), active WM and intelligence. When the number of items to be remembered (set size) was considered, however, the PCS only strengthened the relationship between STM-VS, active WM and intelligence in the case of larger set sizes. Practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
A Mycobacterial smc Null Mutant Is Proﬁcient in DNA Repair and Long-Term Survival (cid:1)

SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) proteins play fundamental roles in various aspects of chromosome organization and dynamics, including repair of DNA damage. Mutant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis defective in SMC were constructed. Surprisingly, inactivation of smc did not result in recognizable phenotypes in hallmark assays characteristic for the function of these genes. This is in contrast to data for smc null mutants in other species. Most bacterial cells contain a single circular chromosome that is folded and compacted into a structure called the nucleoid (24). Diverse DNA binding proteins are associated with the nucleoid and take part in chromosome organization to assist in a variety of complex processes such as replication, recombination, repair, modiﬁcation, and transcription (8). Among these proteins are the SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) proteins that are conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes (4, 5, 28). The SMC family proteins are large proteins in the range between 110 and 170 kDa and share common principles in domain organization: globular N- and C-terminal domains which are connected by two long coiled-coil domains, separated by a globular hinge domain of approximately 150 amino acids in length (12).
Serotypes, Virulence Genes, and Intimin Types of Shiga Toxin (Verotoxin)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Cattle in Spain and Identiﬁcation of a New Intimin Variant Gene ( eae- (cid:2) )

A total of 514 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates from diarrheic and healthy cattle in Spain were characterized in this study. PCR showed that 101 (20%) isolates carried stx 1 genes, 278 (54%) possessed stx 2 genes, and 135 (26%) possessed both stx 1 and stx 2 . Enterohemolysin ( ehxA ) and intimin ( eae ) virulence genes were detected in 326 (63%) and in 151 (29%) of the isolates, respectively. STEC isolates belonged to 66 O serogroups and 113 O:H serotypes (including 23 new serotypes). However, 67% were of one of these 15 serogroups (O2, O4, O8, O20, O22, O26, O77, O91, O105, O113, O116, O157, O171, O174, and OX177) and 52% of the isolates belonged to only 10 serotypes (O4:H4, O157:H7, O171:H2, and ONT:H19). Although the 514 STEC isolates belonged to 164 different seropathotypes (associations between serotypes and virulence only 12 accounted for 43% of isolates. common, (22 O26:H11) intimin (cid:2) O157:H7 isolates intimin 1, three O111:H- isolates had intimin type one O49:H-strain intimin type , of serotype O103:H2) isolates serotype O156:H-)
The Inﬂuence of Conjugacy Class Sizes on the Structure of Finite Groups

Let G be a group. The question of how certain arithmetical conditions on the sizes of the conjugacy classes of G inﬂuence the group structure has been studied by many authors. In this paper, we investigate the inﬂuence of conjugacy class sizes of primary and biprimary elements on the structure of G . A criterion for a group to have abelian Sylow subgroups is given and some well-known results on Baer-groups are generalized.