Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Experiments and Modeling on Bi-Directional Hydrogen Isotopes Permeation through the First Wall of a Magnetic Fusion DEMO Reactor

Abstract The first wall of a magnetic fusion DEMO reactor serves to separate the edge plasma from breeding blanket, the latter of which is required to operate at elevated temperatures. To minimize the thermo-mechanical stress, the wall thickness is often limited to be less than 1 cm. As a result, the first wall is subjected to hydrogen isotopes permeation in the two opposite directions via plasma-driven permeation (PDP) by D+ (or D0) and T+ (or T0) in the edge plasma region and via gas-driven permeation (GDP) by T2 bred in the blanket. In the present work, the bi-directional hydrogen permeation behavior through a candidate first wall material, F82H, has been studied, using a laboratory-scale plasma device. Experimental data indicate that GDP tends to dominate the overall hydrogen isotopes transport. The effects of surface roughness and contamination on PDP have been investigated. Also, a one-dimensional diffusion code has been used to simulate bi-directional PDP and GDP under reactor-relevant conditions where multiple hydrogen isotopes flow through the first wall.
Implications for the Formation of (155140) 2005 UD from a New Convex Shape Model

(155140) 2005 UD has a similar orbit to (3200) Phaethon, an active asteroid in a highly eccentric orbit thought to be the source of the Geminid meteor shower. Evidence points to a genetic relationship between these two objects, but we have yet to fully understand how 2005 UD and Phaethon could have separated into this associated pair. Presented herein are new observations of 2005 UD from five observatories that were carried out during the 2018, 2019, and 2021 apparitions. We implemented light curve inversion using our new data, as well as dense and sparse archival data from epochs in 2005–2021, to better constrain the rotational period and derive a convex shape model of 2005 UD. We discuss two equally well-fitting pole solutions (λ = 116.°6, β = −53.°6) and (λ = 300.°3, β = −55.°4), the former largely in agreement with previous thermophysical analyses and the latter interesting due to its proximity to Phaethon’s pole orientation. We also present a refined sidereal period of P sid = 5.234246 ± 0.000097 hr. A search for surface color heterogeneity showed no significant rotational variation. An activity search using the deepest stacked image available of 2005 UD near aphelion did not reveal a coma or tail but allowed modeling of an upper limit of 0.04–0.37 kg s−1 for dust production. We then leveraged our spin solutions to help limit the range of formation scenarios and the link to Phaethon in the context of nongravitational forces and timescales associated with the physical evolution of the system.
Nanomechanical property screening of combinatorial thin-film libraries by nanoindentation

Mechanical properties rank high on the list of selection criteria for several material classes currently under investigation by combinatorial materials science specialists. The material system being explored is often in the form of a combinatorial thin-film library deposited onto a wafer substrate. Given this particular format, the likely method of choice for mechanical property determination is nanoindentation, a quantitative small-volume technique now commonplace in the thin-film segment of traditional materials science. While the advent of nanoindentation applied to combinatorial materials science is recent, evidence of a growing awareness among researchers employing combinatorial methodologies include the first publication, two published patent applications and a number of conference presentations over the past year citing nanoindentation as the technique selected for high-throughput screening of mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and indentation hardness. The intent of this paper is to synopsize the current status of nanoindentation in terms of nanomechanical property screening of combinatorial thin-film libraries.
Influences on Infrared Spectra of Benzene Ices for Titan, Comets, and Beyond: Annealings, Artifacts, and Isosbestic Points

Infrared (IR) spectra are needed for both laboratory and observational studies of extraterrestrial ices, both within the solar system, such as for trans-Neptunian objects, comets, and Titan, and in the interstellar medium. Here we present new transmission-IR measurements on solid benzene (C6H6), the simplest common aromatic compound. Spectra are shown with a greater combination of higher resolutions and temperatures than found in the literature. The influences of both warmings and annealings on amorphous benzene are described, and comparisons are made of the IR spectra of warmed and cooled crystalline benzene. Reversible variations with temperature are noted for several IR bands of crystalline benzene, with a suggestion for their use as a possible thermometer for remote sensing of extraterrestrial environments. Comparisons are made to both recent and older literature results, and an artifact produced by high vapor-phase condensation rates is identified. New density measurements are reported for crystalline benzene and used, along with IR-forbidden transitions, to identify amorphous and crystalline ices. It is suggested that differences in spectra of crystalline benzene ices at the same temperature do not necessarily imply partial crystallization.
Preterm birth and maternal heart disease: A machine learning analysis using the Korean national health insurance database

Background Maternal heart disease is suspected to affect preterm birth (PTB); however, validated studies on the association between maternal heart disease and PTB are still limited. This study aimed to build a prediction model for PTB using machine learning analysis and nationwide population data, and to investigate the association between various maternal heart diseases and PTB. Methods A population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted using data obtained from the Korea National Health Insurance claims database, that included 174,926 primiparous women aged 25–40 years who delivered in 2017. The random forest variable importance was used to identify the major determinants of PTB and test its associations with maternal heart diseases, i.e., arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease (IHD), cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and congenital heart disease first diagnosed before or during pregnancy. Results Among the study population, 12,701 women had PTB, and 12,234 women had at least one heart disease. The areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves of the random forest with oversampling data were within 88.53 to 95.31. The accuracy range was 89.59 to 95.22. The most critical variables for PTB were socioeconomic status and age. The random forest variable importance indicated the strong associations of PTB with arrhythmia and IHD among the maternal heart diseases. Within the arrhythmia group, atrial fibrillation/flutter was the most significant risk factor for PTB based on the Shapley additive explanation value. Conclusions Careful evaluation and management of maternal heart disease during pregnancy would help reduce PTB. Machine learning is an effective prediction model for PTB and the major predictors of PTB included maternal heart disease such as arrhythmia and IHD.
Existence of metastable solutions for a thermodynamically consistent Becker–Döring model

Abstract. In this paper we prove the existence of metastable solutions to a general thermodynamically consistent mass-conserving Becker–Döring model which incorporates an inert substance. We make use of the methods for the standard model discussed by Penrose in 1989. We include an efficient numerical algorithm for approximating the thermodynamically consistent models.
Antihypertensive, antidyslipidemic, and renoprotective effects of Bursera simaruba on metabolic syndrome

Objective(s): Metabolic syndrome is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease. Bursera simaruba “chaca” is a medicinal plant used in Mexico for hypertension and empirical therapy. In this study, were examined the effects of ethanol extract of B. simaruba on metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: For induction of metabolic syndrome, 20% fructose was used, and it was administered in the water and food to male Wistar rats for 12 weeks, after administering ethanol extract of B. simaruba intragastrically (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks, blood pressure was determined. In plasma, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, angiotensin II, oxide nitric, and angiotensin 1-7 were quantified. In the kidney was performed histological study and the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes was quantified. Results: Rats with metabolic syndrome developed obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney damage characterized by proliferative glomerulonephritis, necrosis, and reduced activity of anti-oxidant enzymes. These alterations were significantly ameliorated by ethanol extract of B. simaruba. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of B. simaruba showed antidyslipidemic, antihypertensive, anti-oxidant, and renoprotective effects.
Associations between Accommodative Facility, Age, and Refractive Errors in Early, Older Adolescent Myopes and Emmetropes

Background: Accommodative functions are known to differ between myopes and emmetropes. It is not known whether accommodative facility differs at near between younger adolescent and older adolescent myopes and emmetropes. Aim: To examine whether accommodative facility differs at near between younger and older adolescent myopes and emmetropes. Methods: 119 participants aged between 11–21 years were recruited. Refractive error was measured using cycloplegic retinoscopy. Near monocular accommodative facility was measured for 60 seconds, using a +2.00D/–2.00D handheld flipper and N6 print at 40 cm. Participants were classified into two age groups: (i) younger adolescents (range: 11–14 years) and (ii) older adolescents (range: 15–21 years). The criterion applied to define myopia was spherical equivalent refraction: ≥–0.50D) and spherical equivalent refraction: –0.25D to +0.75D) for emmetropia. Univariate Analysis of Variance was carried out to analyze the interaction of age groups and refractive groups on near accommodative facility. Results: Near monocular accommodative facility was significantly lower (p = 0.003) in younger adolescents (5.87 ± 3.72 cpm) compared to older adolescents (8.11 ± 4.11 cpm), indicating age as a significant main effect (F1,115 = 13.44; p = 0.0001). Younger adolescent emmetropes (4.77 ± 2.05 cpm, p = 0.005) and younger adolescent myopes (6.48 ± 4.12 cpm, p = 0.022) had significantly lower monocular near accommodative facility compared to older adolescent emmetropes (9.52 ± 3.27 cpm), but did not show any difference when compared to older adolescent myopes (p > 0.05). This indicates a significant association linking age and refractive error to near accommodative facility (F1,115 = 4.60; p = 0.03). Conclusion: Younger adolescent myopes and younger adolescent emmetropes had reduced monocular near accommodative facility than older adolescent emmetropes, but not when compared to older adolescent myopes.
Anchoring effects in the assessment of papers: An empirical survey of citing authors

In our study, we have empirically studied the assessment of cited papers within the framework of the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic. We are interested in the question whether the assessment of a paper can be influenced by numerical information that act as an anchor (e.g. citation impact). We have undertaken a survey of corresponding authors with an available email address in the Web of Science database. The authors were asked to assess the quality of papers that they cited in previous papers. Some authors were assigned to three treatment groups that receive further information alongside the cited paper: citation impact information, information on the publishing journal (journal impact factor) or a numerical access code to enter the survey. The control group did not receive any further numerical information. We are interested in whether possible adjustments in the assessments can not only be produced by quality-related information (citation impact or journal impact), but also by numbers that are not related to quality, i.e. the access code. Our results show that the quality assessments of papers seem to depend on the citation impact information of single papers. The other information (anchors) such as an arbitrary number (an access code) and journal impact information did not play a (important) role in the assessments of papers. The results point to a possible anchoring bias caused by insufficient adjustment: it seems that the respondents assessed cited papers in another way when they observed paper impact values in the survey. We conclude that initiatives aiming at reducing the use of journal impact information in research evaluation either were already successful or overestimated the influence of this information.
The Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

This paper describes the Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This release, containing data taken up through 2003 June, includes imaging data in five bands over 5282 deg2, photometric and astrometric catalogs of the 141 million objects detected in these imaging data, and spectra of 528,640 objects selected over 4188 deg2. The pipelines analyzing both images and spectroscopy are unchanged from those used in our Second Data Release.
Linear stability of power law liquid film flows down an inclined plane

The linear stability of power law liquid film flows down an inclined plane is investigated. The integral method is used to derive nonlinear evolution equations for film thickness and local flow rate. After linearizing the nonlinear evolution equations, the method of normal mode is applied to study its linear stability. The results reveal that, in the case of fixing the value of power law exponent n, the stability characteristics in terms of generalized Reynolds number Ren and generalized Weber number Wen are the same as those of Newtonian liquids, i.e. to increase the Reynolds number, or to decrease the Weber number will destabilize the film flow system. Furthermore, decreasing only the magnitude of n will cause more unstable film flow, and make the dimensional wave speed faster.
Comprehensive characterisation of turbulence dynamics with emphasis on wall-bounded flows

This report describes the work carried out in `universality' aspects of the dynamics of turbulence in compressible flows. Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are carried out in different inhomogeneous and anisotropic flows. All discussed flows show regions of strong imbalance of turbulent production and turbulent dissipation. This distinguishes this work from most studies in the literature about the fundamentals of turbulent dynamics. A characteristic decomposition in addition to temporal and spatial filtering are applied as tools to compare differences in the turbulent dynamics across different flow topologies. The work includes a discussion about universal aspects of the velocity gradient and related quantities in a turbulent boundary layer, in a jet flow as well as in a wake flow. Invariant features are highlighted and quantified and the differences are pointed out. The velocity gradient and the enstrophy production, as one of the key quantities in the turbulent energy cascading process, are discussed in great detail in the turbulent boundary layer flow. Focus hereby is on the wall-normal development of the structure of the enstrophy production. This is followed by a comprehensive overview of a turbulent boundary layer. This includes the presentation and discussion of global energy redistributing mechanisms from different perspectives. The key role of turbulence in these processes is made clear. The energy cascade is dissected at different locations which reveals three different transfer processes. Two of which are transferring energy from larger scales of motion towards smaller scales of motion. In addition a backscatter mechanism was discovered that transfers energy from smaller scales towards larger scales of motion. Besides this some specific and potentially universal features of turbulence within the turbulent boundary layer results are discussed.
Publisher's Note: Magnetoresistance effects and phase coherent transport phenomena in a magnetic nonplanar two-dimensional hole system [Phys. Rev. B 84, 205302 (2011)]

Publisher’s Note: Magnetoresistance effects and phase coherent transport phenomena in a magnetic nonplanar two-dimensional hole system [Phys. Rev. B 84, 205302 (2011)] Stefan Knott, Thomas Ch. Hirschmann, Ursula Wurstbauer, Wolfgang Hansen, and Werner Wegscheider (Received 21 November 2011; published 28 November 2011) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84. 199911 PACS number(s): 73.20. Fz, 71.70. Ej, 75.47. −m, 75.50. Pp, 99.10. Fg
How Did an Integrated Health and Social Services Center in the Quebec Province Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Qualitative Case Study

ABSTRACT During the first and second waves of the pandemic, Quebec was among the Canadian provinces with the highest COVID-19 mortality rates. Facing particularly large COVID-19 outbreaks in its facilities, an integrated health and social services center in the province of Quebec (Canada), developed resilience strategies. To explore these diverse responses to the crisis, we conducted a case study analysis of a Quebec integrated health and social services center, building on a conceptualization of resilience strategies using “configurations” of effects, strategies, and impacts. Qualitative data from 14 indepth interviews conducted in the summer and fall of 2020 with managers and frontline practitioners were analyzed through the lens of situations of “anticipation,” “reaction,” or “inaction. ” The findings were discussed in three results dissemination workshops, two with practitioners and one with managers, to discern lessons they learned. Three major configurations emerged: 1) reorganization of services and spaces to accommodate more COVID-19 patients; 2) management of contamination risks for patients and professionals; and 3) management of personal protective equipment (PPE), supplies, and medications. Within these configurations, the responses to the crisis were strongly shaped by the 2015 health care system reforms in Quebec and were constrained by organizational challenges that included a centralized model of governance, a history of substantial budget cuts to longterm care facilities, and a systematic lack of human resources.
Comparing Different Measures of Bilingual Input Derived From Naturalistic Daylong Recordings.

PURPOSE Measuring language input, especially for infants growing up in bilingual environments, is challenging. Although the ways to measure input have expanded rapidly in recent years, there are many unresolved issues. In this study, we compared different measurement units and sampling methods used to estimate bilingual input in naturalistic daylong recordings. METHOD We used the Language Environment Analysis system to obtain and process naturalistic daylong recordings from 21 French-English bilingual families with an infant at 10 and 18 months of age. We examined global and context-specific input estimates and their relation with infant vocal activeness (i.e., volubility) when input was indexed by different units (adult word counts, speech duration, 30-s segment counts) and using different sampling methods (every-other-segment, top-segment). RESULTS Input measures indexed by different units were strongly and positively correlated with each other and yielded similar results regarding their relation with infant volubility. As for sampling methods, sampling every other 30-s segment was representative of the entire corpus. However, sampling the top segments with the densest input was less representative and yielded different results regarding their relation with infant volubility. CONCLUSIONS How well the input that a child receives throughout a day is portrayed by a selected sample and correlates with the child's vocal activeness depends on the choice of input units and sampling methods. Different input units appear to generate consistent results, while caution should be taken when choosing sampling methods. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22335688.
M2 Cortex Circuitry and Sensory-Induced Behavioral Alterations in Huntington's Disease: Role of Superior Colliculus

Early and progressive cortico-striatal circuit alterations have been widely characterized in Huntington's disease (HD) patients. Cortical premotor area, M2 cortex in rodents, is the most affected cortical input to the striatum from early stages in patients and is associated to the motor learning deficits present in HD mice. Yet, M2 cortex sends additional long-range axon collaterals to diverse output brain regions beyond basal ganglia. Here, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of M2 cortex projections to HD pathophysiology in mice. Using fMRI, M2 cortex showed most prominent functional connectivity alterations with the superior colliculus (SC) in symptomatic R6/1 HD male mice. Structural alterations were also detected by tractography, although diffusion weighted imaging measurements suggested preserved SC structure and similar electrophysiological responses were obtained in the SC on optogenetic stimulation of M2 cortical axons. Male and female HD mice showed behavioral alterations linked to SC function, including decreased defensive behavioral responses toward unexpected stimuli, such as a moving robo-beetle, and decreased locomotion on an unexpected flash of light. Additionally, GCamp6f fluorescence recordings with fiber photometry showed that M2 cortex activity was engaged by the presence of a randomly moving robo-bettle, an effect absent in HD male mice. Moreover, acute chemogenetic M2 cortex inhibition in WT mice shift behavioral responses toward an HD phenotype. Collectively, our findings highlight the involvement of M2 cortex activity in visual stimuli-induced behavioral responses, which are deeply altered in the R6/1 HD mouse model. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding brain circuit alterations in brain disorders is critical for developing circuit-based therapeutic interventions. The cortico-striatal circuit is the most prominently disturbed in Huntington's disease (HD); and particularly, M2 cortex has a prominent role. However, the same M2 cortical neurons send additional projections to several brain regions beyond striatum. We characterized new structural and functional circuitry alterations of M2 cortex in HD mouse models and found that M2 cortex projection to the superior colliculus (SC) was deeply impaired. Moreover, we describe differential responses to unexpected sensory stimulus in HD mouse models, which relies on SC function. Our data highlight the involvement of M2 cortex in SC-dependent sensory processing and its alterations in HD pathophysiology.