Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric evidence-based imaging guidelines for adult trauma providers significantly reduces radiation exposure to children

Introduction Evidence suggests that stand-alone pediatric trauma centers outperform adult and combined adult/pediatric trauma centers in limiting radiation exposure to injured children. We sought to determine the impact of implementing evidence-based guidelines for pediatric imaging at a combined adult (level 1) and pediatric (level 2) center. The initiative focused on trauma/critical care surgeons as the pediatric surgeons did not participate in the resuscitation and initial evaluation of injured children. Methods Imaging guidelines were developed from existing clinical studies. After 3 months of education, guidelines were implemented, and regular feedback was given to providers regarding compliance. Data were collected from the trauma registry for all pediatric patients (aged less than 15 years), in calendar years 2017 (pre-guideline) and 2019 (post-guideline). All admissions were analyzed, with subgroup analysis of children with multisystem trauma admitted to the trauma surgery service. Results Following guideline implementation, mean computed tomography (CT) scans per injured child fell by over 50% (.93 vs .45). For patients admitted to the trauma service, the mean fell by 58% (1.82 vs 0.76). The number of patients receiving more than 1 CT significantly decreased for all children (26% vs 10%), and particularly those admitted to the trauma service (52% vs 17%). During this time, there was only one injury missed at the initial admission, which was clinically insignificant (non-displaced skull fracture). Conclusions Implementation of evidence-based guidelines for imaging eliminates disparity in practices between a combined adult/pediatric trauma center and stand-alone pediatric trauma centers.
Elimination of Congo Red Dye from Industrial Wastewater Using Teucrium polium L. as a Low-Cost Local Adsorbent

A novel adsorbent prepared from the leaf powder of Teucrium polium L. (TPLLP) was characterized and its ability for adsorption of Cong red (CR) was inspected. Influences of CR concentration, adsorbent dosage, time of agitation, pH of solution, and temperature on the performance of this adsorption were also examined. Three models of kinetic along with three different isotherm models were applied for analyzing the empirical data of this adsorption. Additionally, the thermodynamic constants of were decided. The surface area, pore volume, pore size, and pHZPC of Zn/Cu-TPLLP were found to be 2.6436 m2.g-1, 0.013317 cm3.g-1, 527.393 Å, and 8.8, respectively. The achieved outcomes indicate the positive influence of temperature, concentration of CR in the range of 20 to 900 mg/L, adsorbent mass in the range of 0.005 to 0.02 g, time of adsorption from 0 to 120 min, and pH from 5.5 to 8.5. Models of the 2nd order with R 2 ≥ 0.995 and Langmuir with R 2 ≥ 0.990 were the best among the other kinetic and isotherm models applied in this research. Moreover, superior capacities of 526.32, 666.67, and 909.09 (mg.g-1) were stemmed at 27, 42, and 57°C, respectively. The outcomes of the thermodynamic evidenced that this adsorption is spontaneous and a heat absorber.
Gamma Rays from Fast Black-hole Winds

Massive black holes at the centers of galaxies can launch powerful wide-angle winds that, if sustained over time, can unbind the gas from the stellar bulges of galaxies. These winds may be responsible for the observed scaling relation between the masses of the central black holes and the velocity dispersion of stars in galactic bulges. Propagating through the galaxy, the wind should interact with the interstellar medium creating a strong shock, similar to those observed in supernovae explosions, which is able to accelerate charged particles to high energies. In this work we use data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope to search for the γ-ray emission from galaxies with an ultrafast outflow (UFO): a fast (v ∼ 0.1 c), highly ionized outflow, detected in absorption at hard X-rays in several nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN). Adopting a sensitive stacking analysis we are able to detect the average γ-ray emission from these galaxies and exclude that it is due to processes other than UFOs. Moreover, our analysis shows that the γ-ray luminosity scales with the AGN bolometric luminosity and that these outflows transfer ∼0.04% of their mechanical power to γ-rays. Interpreting the observed γ-ray emission as produced by cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated at the shock front, we find that the γ-ray emission may attest to the onset of the wind–host interaction and that these outflows can energize charged particles up to the transition region between galactic and extragalactic CRs.
One-Pot Synthesis of Nano CuO-ZnO Modified Hydrochar Derived from Chitosan and Starch for the H2S Conversion

A novel kind of hydrochar adsorbent, modified by CuO-ZnO and derived from chitosan or starch, was synthesized for H2S adsorption. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by BET, XRD, EDX, SEM, and XPS. The results showed that the modified hydrochar contained many amino groups as functional groups, and the nanometer metal oxide particles had good dispersion on the surface of the hydrochar. The maximum sulfur capacity reached 28.06 mg/g-adsorbent under the optimized conditions. The amine group significantly reduced the activation energy between H2S and CuO-ZnO conducive to the rapid diffusion of H2S among the lattices. Simultaneously, cationic polyacrylamide as a steric stabilizer could change the formation process of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles, which made the particle size smaller, enabling them to react with H2S sufficiently easily. This modified hydrochar derived from both chitosan and starch could be a promising adsorbent for H2S removal.
Assessing the Ecological Value of an Urban Forest Park: A Case Study of Sinhua Forest Park in Taiwan

Urban forests offer multiple functions: they can balance negative effects from the environment and provide the public with a place for leisure and recreation. Hence, urban forests are crucial to urban ecology and have been widely studied. In addition, relevant study results were applied for policymaking in urban development and forest park management. This study evaluated the ecological value of the Sinhua Forest Park and examined whether the socioeconomic background of participants influences their willingness to pay (WTP) for ecological conservation. Questionnaires were distributed to visitors in the Sinhua Forest Park in Tainan, Taiwan, and the payment card format of the contingent valuation method was employed to evaluate the ecological value. The results showed that the visitors had an annual WTP of $22.01 per person. However, when samples with protest responses were excluded, the WTP rose to $24.58. By considering the total number of visitors of a year, the total ecological value was $1,426,964.14/year and reached $1,593,257.31/year after excluding the protest samples. This study also analyzed participants’ within-variable socioeconomic background (e.g., gender and education) and discovered that male participants who are aged 60 years or older, with an education level of senior/vocational high school, and those who visited green spaces two to three times per week presented a high WTP score on average. A Tobit regression model was employed for examination, and the results indicated that participants’ education and frequency of visiting green spaces significantly influenced their WTP for the ecological conservation of the Sinhua Forest Park.
Scaffold-free and scaffold-based cellular strategies and opportunities for cornea tissue engineering

The human cornea is a dome-shaped, multilaminar, transparent, immune-privileged membrane in the front of the eye’s optical system. The cornea protects the intraocular parts and letting light into the interior for an image formation on the retina through a crystalline lens. Infection, inflammation, traumatic disorders, and systematic diseases mediate structural changes in the cornea, resulting in irreversible blindness. Up to 12 million patients are awaiting treatment. The inconsistencies in corneal transplantation and artificial implant side effects underscore the need for tissue engineering to address this gap. This study outlines limitations in current corneal treatment and highlights the self-healing potential of each corneal cellular layer to frame necessities for cell-based bioengineering strategies. This study discusses principles, current progress, construct design, and opportunities of scaffold-free and scaffold-based cellular strategies towards repairing epithelium, endothelium, stroma, and full-thickness cornea.
KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENGERJAKAN SOAL MATERI BANGUN DATAR BERDASARKAN TEORI NOLTING PADA SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR

Dalam mengerjakan matematika banyaknya kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal bangun datar. Hal ini disebabkan matematika kurang diminati oleh siswa karena matematika memiliki konsep dan prinsip matematika yang belum dipahami siswa dengan baik, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kesalahan terutama dalam materi bangun datar. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis jenis kesalahan dan faktor penyebab siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal bangun datar berdasarkan teoriNolting. Penelitian menggunakan jenis pendekatan kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal tes bangun datar dan pedoman wawancara. Penelitian tersebut menghasilkan temuan bahwa 16% siswa melakukan kesalahan kecerobohan (carelles errors), 26% siswa melakukan kesalahan konsep (concept errors) , 18% siswa melakukan kesalahan penerapan (application errors), dan 78% siswa melakukan kesalahan penentuan hasil jawaban (test taking erorrs). Faktor penyebab kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal bangun datar adalah lupa dan terburu-buru dalam menuliskan jawaban, tidak teliti dalam membaca soal, tidak memeriksa kembali jawaban yang telah ditulis, tidak mengetahui permasalahan dalam soal, tidak mengetahui hal apa yang diketahui dan ditanyakan dalam soal, tidak tahu rumus yang seharusnya digunakan untuk menyelesaikan soal, tidak paham dengan materi bangun datar, bingung mengaplikasikan bilangan yang ditanyakan pada soal, tidak mengetahui langkah-langkah dalam menyelesaiakan soal, asal-asalan dalam memilih bilangan, dan tidak terbiasa menuliskan kesimpulan diakhir jawaban.
Learners’ Critical Thinking About Learning Mathematics

Developing critical thinking practices among young learners through mathematics education is a topic of attention for mathematics education research community. Learners’ critical thinking concerning cognitive and social aspects of their mathematics education have been explored in several research studies. However, learners’ critical thinking concerning their personal beliefs about their mathematics learning process have not received much consideration. In this paper, learners’ practice with thinking critically about and their potential to suggest changes in their mathematics learning process is explored based on their expressed beliefs about learning mathematics. Learners of eighth and ninth grade in two Norwegian schools responded to a questionnaire and were interviewed to gather their opinions concerning their mathematics learning process. Data analysis indicates that learners seldom think critically, and hold inconsistent beliefs about mathematics and its learning process. Moreover, they struggle to observe their own beliefs critically, and hesitate in suggesting alternatives to make learning mathematics meaningful for them. Consequently, learners’ critical attitude towards their mathematics learning process and their personal beliefs in order to gain a meta-perspective of their learning contexts does not seem to be evolving effectively. However, if learners are encouraged to think critically about mathematics education, their potential of contributing to improve their mathematics learning process becomes visible. We recommend that young learners get training in and are encouraged to think critically about their mathematics learning process so that they are equipped to make reflected choices related to learning mathematics in their personal lives.
Beyond income: US households’ financial position perceptions and their willingness to consume tourism

ABSTRACT People’s tourism demand decisions can be affected by perceived shifts in their finances. This study investigates how perceptions of financial positions can affect people’s decisions to consume tourism, using US households as a study case. The literature has given a prominent role to income as a determinant of tourism demand. However, the effect of income on tourism demand may be mitigated by people’s views about their finances. The study contributes to the literature, among others, by considering the possibility of nonlinear effects in the connection between households’ net financial position and their tourism demand. The methodology includes time-series data decomposition, stationarity, cointegration, and an application of the Limited Information Maximum Likelihood regression method. The results show that financial conditions matter for tourism demand and that tourists are heterogenous consumers that do not automatically react to stimuli such as income. The findings may help regional policymakers manage their destinations more effectively.
Validation and generalizability of machine learning prediction models on attrition in longitudinal studies

Attrition in longitudinal studies is a major threat to the representativeness of the data and the generalizability of the findings. Typical approaches to address systematic nonresponse are either expensive and unsatisfactory (e.g., oversampling) or rely on the unrealistic assumption of data missing at random (e.g., multiple imputation). Thus, models that effectively predict who most likely drops out in subsequent occasions might offer the opportunity to take countermeasures (e.g., incentives). With the current study, we introduce a longitudinal model validation approach and examine whether attrition in two nationally representative longitudinal panel studies can be predicted accurately. We compare the performance of a basic logistic regression model with a more flexible, data-driven machine learning algorithm—gradient boosting machines. Our results show almost no difference in accuracies for both modeling approaches, which contradicts claims of similar studies on survey attrition. Prediction models could not be generalized across surveys and were less accurate when tested at a later survey wave. We discuss the implications of these findings for survey retention, the use of complex machine learning algorithms, and give some recommendations to deal with study attrition.
Taking Diversity Seriously: Within-Group Heterogeneity in African American Extended Family Support Networks.

Objective This study examined the correlates of involvement in extended family social support networks among African Americans. Background Previous literature has documented the importance of informal social support from extended family members for the African American population. Most research has investigated black-white differences in network involvement or has focused on impoverished African American families. Both approaches conceal important within-group variation in participation among the total African American population. Method This study relied on nationally representative data from the African American sub-sample of the National Survey of American Life (n=3,538). It employed ordinary least squares regression analysis to examine the sociodemographic and family factors that are associated with four key measures of involvement in extended family support networks: receiving and providing extended family support, frequency of family contact, and degree of subjective closeness. Results African Americans routinely interacted with members of their family, displayed a high degree of family closeness, and exchanged support fairly frequently. Findings also revealed significant variation in network involvement by sociodemographic characteristics: women, younger adults, and Southerners were typically most involved; individuals who experienced greater material hardship, were previously incarcerated, or served in the military reported less involvement. Results also showed that family closeness and family contact were particularly salient factors shaping the extent to which network members engaged in support exchanges. Conclusion The magnitude of within-group heterogeneity in network involvement underscores the importance of considering issues of intragroup diversity in the developing literature on African American extended family networks.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC AND PNF STRETCHING ON LEG AND VERTICAL STIFFNESS ON FEMALE GYMNASTS

The purpose of the study was to investigate the acute effect of Dynamic (DS) and PNF stretching on leg (Kleg) and vertical stiffness (Kvert) on female gymnasts. Thirty-one female athletes from various types of gymnastics (artistic, rhythmic, team gymnastics) participated in this study ([Mean ± SD] age: 22.32 ± 3.35 years, height: 164.87 ± 4.96 cm, body mass: 57.20 ± 6.54 kg) performed 30 sec running bouts at 4.44 m *s-1, under 3 different stretching protocols (PNF, DS, and no stretching [NS]). The total duration in each stretching condition was 6 minutes, and each of the 4 muscle groups was stretched for 40 seconds. Leg and vertical stiffness values were calculated using the “sine wave” method. No significant influence of stretching type on Kleg and Kvert were found after DS and PNF stretching. However, significant changes were found in Fmax, Dy, flight time (tf), step rate (SR), and step length (SL) after DS and PNF stretching protocol, indicating that DS produced greater changes compared to PNF protocol.
Impact of chronic idiopathic urticaria on patients' quality of life in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Urticaria is a common chronic dermatological disease that has a negative impact on the psychological status and the social interaction of the patients’ quality of life. The dermatology life quality index (DLQI) is one of the dermatology-specific instruments to evaluate the extent of the quality of life (QoL) impairment in the patients with skin diseases and provide an additional evaluation for the overall effectiveness of the treatment. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional which was conducted in Jeddah city. Questionnaires with verified Arabic version of the DLQI were distributed and collected to the patients by dermatologists. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total 79 patients were enrolled in the study. Male patients represented 48.1%, while female represented 51.9% and sex ratio was 1:1.1. The mean DLQI score in all patients was 10.67±5.54. 51.9% of the patients unfortunately with score of 11-20 had very large effect on their life. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) has a significant negative impact on the quality of life. In Saudi Arabia, few studies only have been done to evaluate the impact of CIU on patients’ life and more studies are needed to help the patient to improve the management’s strategy and the patients’ life. </p>
Behavioral effects of public service motivation among citizens: testing the case of digital co-production

Abstract In times where governments are increasingly unable to solve problems on their own, it is important to understand what motivates citizens to engage in co-production. Drawing on identity theory and on a sample of 966 citizens in Zurich, Switzerland, we analyze how public service motivation (PSM) is related to engagement in a digital co-production platform enabling citizens to support public service provision. As our dependent variable, effort intensity in platform use, is a behavioral outcome, we provide insights into the actual behavioral implications of PSM, going beyond self-reports. Using negative binomial regressions, we found a positive relationship between engagement and the PSM dimension “commitment to the public interest”, and a negative one with the dimension “compassion”. Additionally, social identification with the city moderates the relationship with engagement for certain PSM dimensions. In sum, our study contributes to a better understanding of what motivations drive citizens to collaborate with public organizations, which is an ongoing trend in many countries around the world.
The effect of shade on chlorophyll and anthocyanin content of upland red rice

Upland red rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food and contains anthocyanin, which can act as antioxidants, plays an important role both for the plant itself and for human health. Levels of antioxidants in rice can be affected by the availability of light. The results showed that the difference of shade, cultivar, and interaction both significantly affect the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. The results also showed that shade could increase chlorophyll in all cultivars tested. The highest levels of chlorophyll a were present in the moderate shade level (n2), then decreased at the shelter level (n3) and increased again at high levels (n4). While on chlorophyll content b, it appears that shade increased chlorophyll b in all cultivars tested and this increase was linear to the increase of shade. The shade treatment may increase the anthocyanin content and the increase depending on the type of cultivar. Increased levels of anthocyanin highest due to shade occurred on Jangkobembe cultivar. The original level of anthocyanin on Jangkobembe cultivar averaged 0.096 mg g-1 increased to 2.487 mg g-1 or increased 26 fold. It is concluded that the shade had a significant effect on the chlorophyll and anthocyanin content.
New justice system responses to mentally impaired defendants in New Zealand

On 16 March 2020 the District Court in Auckland, New Zealand, had its first sitting as a court dedicated exclusively to cases where issues of fitness to stand trial or insanity had been raised. The impetus for these court sittings, called ‘the CPMIP Court’ [after the Criminal Procedure (Mentally Impaired Persons) Act 2003], was to reduce delays for mentally impaired defendants, and improve the coverage and efficiency of mental health advice to the Court from both Court Liaison Nurses and Health Assessors (Psychiatrists and Psychologists). This article looks at the model in operation and reflects on some early outcome data, as the possibility of further expansion of this model is contemplated in other regions. We also consider broader challenges currently facing mentally impaired defendants in New Zealand’s criminal justice system, and argue that other innovative judicial approaches such as the establishment of problem-solving mental health courts should be considered.
Management in education systems

There is increasing interest in measuring management in schools. This paper discusses a popular measurement tool: the World Management Survey (WMS) for schools. Drawing on WMS data, secondary sources, and the recent literature on school management, we take stock of the WMS and make recommendations for its use in future research and policy. We conclude that the WMS remains a highly useful tool for its stated purpose—the standardized measurement of (a subset of) management practices within schools—and make two sets of recommendations. First, we encourage those seeking to benchmark management practices in schools to take a systems perspective by extending the WMS approach upwards into the education bureaucracy. Second, when measuring practices within schools, we recommend that researchers consider: how best to assess alignment across practices in the operations domain; the challenge of measuring student learning for monitoring and target-setting; and the context specificity of people management.