Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Link between Household Food Insecurity and Self-Rated Oral Health in Ghana

There is increasing scholarly attention on the role of food insecurity on the health of older adults in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. Yet, we know very little about the association between food insecurity and self-rated oral health. To address this void in the literature, this study uses a representative survey of adults aged 60 or older from three regions in Ghana to examine whether respondents who experienced household food insecurity rated their oral health as poor compared to their counterparts who did not. We found that 34% of respondents rated their oral health as poor, while 7%, 21%, and 36% experienced mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity, respectively. Moreover, the results from the logistic regression analysis showed that older adults who experienced mild (OR = 1.66, p < 0.05), moderate (OR = 2.06, p < 0.01), and severe (OR = 2.71, p < 0.01) food insecurity were more likely to self-rate their oral health as poor, compared to those who did not experience any type of food insecurity. Based on these findings, we discuss several implications for policymakers and directions for future research.
Dynamic changes of wound-related miRNAs after application of autologous platelet-rich gel in diabetic wounds

To the Editor: Diabetic chronic cutaneous ulcers (DCUs) divided into the non-diabetic control group (n= 14). are among the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic foot ulcers are the most common type of DCU and are now considered a global epidemic. The clinical prevention and treatment of DCUs are critical and have remained challenging for clinicians. With the exploration of topical treatment methods, autologous platelet-rich gel (APG) is regarded as an adjuvant therapy to promote wound healing, and it has been widely used for wound repair. Some microRNAs that play a critical role in the whole wound healing process have been found in wound tissues, which we call wound-related miRNAs (wr-miRNAs). However, few studies have explored the dynamic changes of wr-miRNAs during APG treatment. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of APG in treating diabetic wounds and explore the dynamic changes of wr-miRNAs during wound healing.
A Retrospective Observational Study to Compare the Outcome of Various Treatment Modalities of Idiopathic Avascular Necrosis of Hip

Abstract Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of hip of the femoral head is increasingly seen in young age, disabling them in their productive years of life. Available treatment options need to be evaluated. Aim: The aim was to compare the outcome of various treatments at different stages of AVN hip. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was done in patients with idiopathic AVN hip, who had undergone different treatment modalities. The data of the included patients at different time intervals were compared. All patients were graded with the help of Harris Hip Score (HHS), and their outcome was evaluated. Results: The age distribution of patients showed that nearly 80% of them were below the age of 50 years. The patients were presenting more often in Ficat and Arlet stage 4 compared to earlier stages. The patients in stage 1 were treated by core decompression alone, which produced good-to-excellent results in 4 of 7 (57.1%) patients. Patients in stage 2 and 3 were treated by core decompression with fibular bone grafting and had good-to-excellent results in 6 of 8 (75%) patients. In stage 4 of disease, cemented total hip replacement (THR) was done, and it produced good-to-excellent results in 13 of 15 (86.6%) patients. Conclusion: In the early stage of disease, core decompression with and without bone grafting produced satisfactory results. In an advanced stage of AVN, THR is an excellent treatment option.
Integrating Short Rotation Woody Crops into Conventional Agricultural Practices in the Southeastern United States: A Review

One of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal’s (SDGs) aims is to enhance access to clean energy. In addition, other SDGs are directly related to the restoration of degraded soils to improve on-farm productivity and land management. Integrating Short Rotation Woody Crops (SRWC) for bioenergy into conventional agriculture provides opportunities for sustainable domestic energy production, rural economic development/diversification, and restoration of soil health and biodiversity. Extensive research efforts have been carried out on the development of SRWC for bioenergy, biofuels, and bioproducts. Recently, broader objectives that include multiple ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, and land mine reclamation are being explored. Yet, limited research is available on the benefits of establishing SRWC on degraded agricultural lands in the southeastern U.S. thereby contributing to environmental goals. This paper presents a literature review to (1) synthesize the patterns and trends in SWRC bioenergy production; (2) highlight the benefits of integrating short rotation woody crops into row crop agriculture; and (3) identify emerging technologies for efficiently managing the integrated system, while identifying research gaps. Our findings show that integrating SRWC into agricultural systems can potentially improve the climate of agricultural landscapes and enhance regional and national carbon stocks in terrestrial systems.
Sigma Hard X-Ray Observations of GX 339-4 during the Hard State and a Transition to the Soft State

The X-ray system GX 339-4 has been observed (more than 135 hr), between 1990 March and 1991 September, with the SIGMA hard X-ray/soft γ-ray (35 keV-1.3 MeV) imaging telescope on board the GRANAT observatory. In particular, the 1991 outburst has been well covered by SIGMA. The source stayed in a hard state during more than 3 weeks with an intensity greater than 380 mCrab up to 350 keV. Then, the last two observations performed on 1991 September 28 and October 5 revealed that the source had begun a transition from the hard to the soft state, as the intensity in the 35-230 keV band decreased below 100 mCrab. In the hard state, the spectra we observe are usually compatible with a power law of index ∼2.2. During the transition phase, this index rises to ∼3
Dielectric breakdown in electrically stressed thin films of thermal SiO2

A novel technique is described which was used to study the intrinsic breakdown mechanism in films of thermal SiO2 in the thickness range 30–300 A. It was determined that high‐field and high electron injection current conditions existing in the films just prior to breakdown result in the generation of a very high density of defects which behave electrically as stable electron traps. These traps are most likely generated close to the injecting electrode. The internal field in the oxide due to trapped electrons can approach 3×107 V/cm which appears to be the maximum field strength which Si‐O bonding can withstand. At all temperatures between 77 and 393 °K, the breakdown mechanism is intimately related to the rate of generation of the electron traps. No evidence was found to support the impact ionization breakdown model. The technique is also described as a tool for yield measurements, with important implications for long‐term reliability of MOS IC’s.
Lactation and test day random regression models for genetic evaluation of Murrah buffaloes

In this study the variance components, genetic parameters and breeding values for 305 day or less milk yield were estimated using lactation model and random regression models for the first three lactations in Murrah buffaloes. Random regression model were taken both as random regression model with homogeneous residual variance (RRMHOM) and heterogeneous residual variance (RRM-HET). The estimates of additive genetic variance using RRM were higher than lactation model in all the three lactations. RRM-HET gave higher estimates of additive genetic variance than RRM-HOM in first lactation while RRM-HOM gave higher estimates in second and third lactation. From RRM, it was possible to account for permanent environmental variance arising due to individual milk yield variations during lactation. The heritability estimates were comparable in all the three models. However, in first lactation, the heritability estimates from lactation model RRM-HOM and RRM-HET were 0.319, 0.296 and 0.305, respectively. Likewise in second and third lactations these estimates were 0.004, 0.137, 0.135 and 0.520, 0.315, 0.264, respectively. The breeding value rank correlation was high in all the lactations. More sires were common for each model among the top 10 ranked sires in all three lactations. In conclusion, RRM can be an alternative to lactation model owing to high accuracy, early evaluation, high additive genetic variance, comparable heritability and high rank correlation for breeding values.
The Atomic Structure and Mechanical Properties of ZIF-4 under High Pressure: Ab Initio Calculations

The effects of pressure on the structural and electronic properties and the ionic configuration of ZIF-4 were investigated through the first-principles method based on the density functional theory. The elastic properties, including the isotropic bulk modulus K, shear modulus G, Young’s modulus E, and Poisson’s ratio ν of the orthorhombic-type structure ZIF-4 were determined using the Voigt–Reuss–Hill averaging scheme. The results show that the ZIF-4 phase is ductile according to the analysis of K/G and Cauchy pressure. The Debye temperatures obtained from the elastic stiffness constants increase with increasing pressure. Finally, the pressure-dependent behaviors of the density of states and ionic configuration are successfully calculated and discussed.
Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Seasonal Variations of Landfill Leachate and Groundwater Quality around Tanjaro Open Dump Area of Sulaymaniyah City, Kurdistan, Iraq

The current study is concerned with the primary environmental assessment of the physicochemical characterization of seasonal fluctuations in the leachate of Tanjaro open dump site in Sulaymaniyah City, and its impact on the quality of the groundwater. The primary characteristics of the leachates were their high levels of organic and inorganic components and their toxicity because of the presence of heavy metal concentrations. For almost all physicochemical parameters, the leachate from the Tanjaro area dumping has incredibly high values. All heavy metals were present in leachate, with the exception of cadmium and mercury, albeit at levels below their respective permitted limits. The characterization revealed that Leachate 1 (L1) may be referred to as young leachate, whereas Leachate 2 (L2) and Leachate 3 (L3) can be referred to as old leachate due to their pH values. It was indicated that the Tanjaro dumping is operating and in the early stages of stabilization. BOD5/COD was around 0.63, and the leachate was highly biodegradable in the anaerobic phase. Groundwater, which contains little to no organic matter, was not found to be severely affected by monitoring wells located close to the dumpsites. The conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Mn, and Fe were some of the values that went above the WHO guidelines. Correlation analysis was used as a preliminary descriptive technique to establish the strength of the association between the relevant variables. Some parameters were discovered to be statistically significantly correlated with one another, pointing to a close connection between these parameters.
A Note on Words in Braid Monoids

Abstract The purpose of this note is to give a self-contained (apart from simple facts about Coxeter groups) and we hope a bit shorter and more understandable account of some results of [ C1 , C2 ] on normal forms of braids which are themselves based on the papers [ D1 , T ]. In particular a motivation was to give a proof of Proposition 5.1 that we use in [ B-M ]. Some proofs and results from Section 2 onwards seem to be new. I thank several people for improvements from earlier versions of the manuscript: M. Geck for pointing out some errors, F. Digne for pointing out that some results don't need the braid group to be of finite type, and J.-Y. Hee for suggesting (and providing) further improvements in that direction.
Sampled‐data bipartite consensus control of nonlinear multi‐agent systems under denial‐of‐service attacks

This article concentrates on the sampled‐data secure bipartite consensus problem for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems under intermittent denial‐of‐service attacks. The network communication channels are destroyed when the attacks occur, which causes all the system states to be unavailable. A novel distributed sampled‐data output feedback control protocol is developed by using the discontinuous sensor data. It is proved by the Lyapunov stability analysis that the considered nonlinear multiagent systems can achieve bipartite consensus exponentially in light of the designed control protocol. Then, the control algorithm is extended to systems with both state and input delay. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol.
Tracking peripheral vascular function for six months in young adults following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is known to instigate a range of physiologic perturbations, including vascular dysfunction. However, little work has concluded how long these effects may last, especially among young adults with mild symptoms. To determine potential recovery from acute vascular dysfunction in young adults (8 M/8F, 21 ± 1 yr, 23.5 ± 3.1 kg⋅m−2), we longitudinally tracked brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and reactive hyperemia (RH) in the arm and hyperemic response to passive limb movement (PLM) in the leg, with Doppler ultrasound, as well as circulating biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin‐6, C‐reactive protein), oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyl), antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase), and nitric oxide bioavailability (nitrite) monthly for a 6‐month period post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. FMD, as a marker of macrovascular function, improved from month 1 (3.06 ± 1.39%) to month 6 (6.60 ± 2.07%; p < 0.001). FMD/Shear improved from month one (0.10 ± 0.06 AU) to month six (0.18 ± 0.70 AU; p = 0.002). RH in the arm and PLM in the leg, as markers of microvascular function, did not change during the 6 months (p > 0.05). Circulating markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide bioavailability did not change during the 6 months (p > 0.05). Together, these results suggest some improvements in macrovascular, but not microvascular function, over 6 months following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The data also suggest persistent ramifications for cardiovascular health among those recovering from mild illness and among young, otherwise healthy adults with SARS‐CoV‐2.
Numerical and Experimental Study of the Interaction of a Spark-Generated Bubble and a Vertical Wall 1

An understanding of the fundamental mechanisms invo lved in the interaction between bubbles and structu res is of importance for many applications involving cavit ation erosion. Generally, the final stage of bubble collapse is as sociated with the formation of a high-speed reentra nt liquid jet directed towards the solid surface. Local forces as sociated with the collapse of such bubbles can be v ery high and can exert significant loads on the materials. This formation and impact of liquid jet is an area of in tense research. Under some conditions the presence of gravity and o ther nearby boundaries and free surfaces alters the jet direction and need to be understood, especially that in the lsmall scale tests in finite containers h ave these effects inherently present.
The structure and evolution of the Taurid Complex

The structure of the Taurid meteoroid complex is investigated using orbital element measurements from the IAU Meteor Data Center. The complex is found to have been formed during the last ∼10 kyr, this time-scale corresponding to a probable late stage in the evolution of the parent object, a giant comet which was apparently captured into a small-perihelion, short-period orbit ∼20 kyr ago and which, in an initial highly active phase, gave rise to the material that now broadly constitutes the zodiacal cloud
Supersonic-inlet boundary-layer bleed flow

Boundary-layer bleed in supersonic inlets is typically used to avoid separation from adverse shock-wave-boundary-layer interactions and subsequent total-pressure losses in the subsonic diffuser and to improve normal-shock stability. Methodologies used to determine bleed requirements are reviewed. Empirical sonic flow coefficients are currently used to determine the bleed-hole pattern. These coefficients depend on local Mach number, pressure ratio, hole geometry, etc. A new analytical bleed method is presented to compute sonic flow coefficients for holes and narrow slots, and predictions are compared with published data to illustrate the accuracy of the model. The model can be used by inlet designers and as a bleed boundary condition for computational fluid-dynamic studies.
Soil Seed Banks of Dry Tropical Forests under Different Land Management

The objectives of this study were to evaluate woody-species composition and seed density in the soil seed bank (SSB) in a dry subtropical forest with different disturbance regimes and assess the role of leaf litter as a seed reservoir in disturbed forests. Study area: the western Argentine Chaco region. Climate is seasonal and semiarid, and the fire season coincides with the dry and cool periods. In the first step, we evaluated the composition of species and seed density in the soils of forests with four different combinations of disturbances (wildfires, livestock, roller-chopping, and logging) using a systematic sampling design. In the second step, we assessed the seed density in the soil and litter fractions under focal individuals of six native woody species in two forest types (undisturbed/disturbed by roller-chopper and wildfires). Soil samples were extracted by core following standard methods for SSB studies. Eleven woody species were found in the SSB. The seed density varied between 17.78 seeds/samples in the reference condition forest and 5.46 seeds/samples in the more intensively disturbed forest (wildfires and livestock). The tree seed abundance was reduced in the disturbed forest SSB and the shrubby species increased. There were no significant differences in the seed density among the soil and litter fractions of each type of forest, but disturbances reduced the seed density in the litter fraction. The leaf litter is a seed reservoir in the soils of the Chaco forests, but this localization could promote loss by fires and desiccation. Our results could improve the forestry management plans in areas exposed to climate and land-use change.
Access to Latrine Facilities and Associated Factors in India: An Empirical and Spatial Analysis

Access to adequate sanitation facilities is a basic human right and fundamental to good health. Inadequate and unhygienic sanitation practices have severe consequences for public health and socio-economic development. This study examines the levels and trends in access to latrine facilities, spatial variations and the associated socio-economic factors in India. Data drawn from the National Sample Survey Organization’s (NSSO) 69th (2012) and 76th rounds (2018) were used in this study. Moran’s ‘I’ statistic and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) were applied to assess the spatial variations in access to latrine facilities. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to examine the factors associated with latrine use. The findings revealed that access to sanitation facilities is unsatisfactory, and there is a huge rural–urban gap in latrine use. Unequal access among socio-economic groups is also very prominent. The study found substantial geographical variations in latrine use across the country; open defecation is highly prevalent in eastern and central regions of the country, while the north and north-eastern regions have better access to latrine facilities. Factors like education, occupation, socio-religious affiliation, water availability, and economic status are significant determinants of accessibility to latrine. It is recommended that targeted interventions for the socio-economically disadvantaged groups, spreading awareness about the importance of latrine use and hygienic practices, and proper assistance for construction and maintenance of toilets could be helpful to combat the harmful practice of open defecation and ensure adequate and equitable sanitation for all.
Self-Perceived Oral Hygiene And Periodontal Health Among Dental and Medical Students, Dentists and Physicians in KSA

Dental Students, Medical Students, Dentists, and Physicians play a crucial role in community oral health promotion. Hence it is essential to know about their understanding of periodontal health and oral hygiene practices. This study aimed to evaluate oral health awareness and hygiene behavior related to gingival health. A cross-sectional survey investigated self-perceived oral hygiene and periodontal health among dental students, medical students, dentists, and physicians in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire consisting of five items on demographics and nineteen questions on oral hygiene and periodontal was distributed to the targeted population utilizing various social media platforms. The relationship between the categorical variables was assessed using the Chi-square test. Study sample consisted of 637 participants with 154 dental Students, 101 medical Student, 276 dentists and 106 physicians. Tooth brushing variables such as teeth cleaning method, brushing frequency, brushing duration, changing toothbrush brushing strokes, type of toothbrush differed significantly across various groups of study (p<0.05). Tongue cleaning, dental visits, and use of inter-dental aids also demonstrated significant variations among different field of participants (p<0.05). Similarly periodontal diseases perception showed a statistically significant difference across study groups (p<0.05). Dentist and dental students had a better oral hygiene regimen, especially regarding interdental cleaning and brushing frequency. Interdental cleaning was not perceived as important as tooth brushing amongst the physicians and medical students groups as the majority believed that brushing alone can prevent gingival diseases. Severe gingival problems were more perceived by the physicians and medical students.
Effect of rheological properties on drag reduction in turbulent boundary layer flow

Direct numerical simulation of a zero-pressure gradient drag-reducing turbulent boundary layer of viscoelastic fluids was systematically performed at the momentum-thickness Reynolds number Reθ0=500 and Weissenberg number We=25 using constitutive equation models such as the Oldroyd-B, the finitely extensible nonlinear elastic Peterlin model at the maximum chain extensibility parameters L2=100, 1000, and 10 000, and the Giesekus model at the mobility factors α=0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001, where the ratios of solvent viscosity to zero shear rate solution viscosity, β, were 0.9, 0.99, and 0.999. For the case that the elongational viscosity for the steady elongational flow was identical, the streamwise variation in the drag reduction (DR) was thoroughly investigated, and then the effects of rheological properties such as the elongational and shear viscosities and the first and the second normal stress differences on DR were clarified. It is found that the streamwise profile of DR shifts downstream with the decreas.