Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Second Edition: Measurement Invariance for Dual Language Learners

The Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, 2nd Edition (CTOPP-2; Wagner et al., 2013) is commonly used in k-12 public schools to assess basic cognitive processing skills foundational for reading achievement. Psychometric support for its use with dual language learners (DLLs), a group representing over 10% of the school-aged population in the United States, is critical. This study tested the metric and scaler invariance of CTOPP-2 scores among school-aged children (n = 242; 41.3% Spanish-speaking DLL). Results indicate that the CTOPP-2’s three-factor (i.e., Phonological Awareness, Phonological Memory, and Rapid Automatic Naming) measurement structure displays metric and scalar invariance for DLLs. Model fit was improved when the Phonological Awareness and Phonological Memory factors were combined. Implications for future research and the practice of psychoeducational diagnostic assessment with DLLs are discussed.
Effectiveness Without Efficacy: Cautionary Tale from a Landmark Breast Cancer Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: “Old” randomized controlled trials established breast conserving therapy (BCT) and total mastectomy (TM) equivalence for treating early breast cancer, whereas recent literature report improved survival with BCT. To reconcile this, we performed a simulation study and re-analyzed B-06 trial data. Methods: We estimated the distributions for overall survival (OS), cumulative incidence functions for breast-cancer-specific death (BCSD) and other causes-specific death (OCSD) by BCT and TM. The restricted mean survival time (RMST) difference and hazard ratio between the two arms were estimated. Given the estimated distributions, we simulated cause-specific death times from each arm, evaluating the power to test treatment difference in OS, BCSD, and OCSD with different sample sizes, follow-up times, and a modified setting by simulating BCT-arm OCSD times from the distribution of patients not receiving radiation. Results: With 200 months follow-up, the average BCT-over-TM gain measured by RMST was 3.7 months for OS and 4.5 months for BCSD. Increasing the trial size to 5,000 per arm, there is a 79.2% chance to detect the OS benefit with RMST and 92.4% for BCSD. A nonproportional increase of OCSD in BCT compared to TM was observed after 144 months, and particularly after 200 months post treatments. When OCSD times of BCT were simulated using patients not receiving radiation, the estimated OS gain increased to 4.4 months, and the power increased to 92.2%. Conclusions: The late excess other-cause-death, likely due to radiation, in the BCT arm and sample size constraints limited the power to report BCT superiority. Given radiation delivered in the era of B-06 trial, BCT and TM remain largely equivalent.
Nonuniversal k ¿3 energy spectrum in stationary two-dimensional homogeneous turbulence

A spectral closure analysis and numerical simulations suggest that there may be a class of two-dimensional turbulence in which the energy spectrum E(k) scales with the wave number k like E(k)=Ak−3 in the enstrophy transfer range in accordance with the Kraichnan–Leith–Batchelor (KLB) spectrum, but the prefactor A is different from the KLB spectrum and depends in a nontrivial way on the flow conditions at large scales.
ON THE DYNAMICAL PROCESS OF FAULT MOTION IN THE PRESENCE OF FRICTION AND INHOMOGENEOUS INITIAL STRESS PART I. RUPTURE PROPAGATION

An equation which represents the crack propagation is obtained by approximating the wave equation and the boundary conditions in the neighborhood of the dislocation surface. The problem of crack propagation with an unsteady finite rupture velocity is solved with the aid of this model and the computation is carried out by using the finite difference method. The proposed model takes the rupture propagation as the diffusive phenomena of the inhomogeneous initial stress field. It is clarified in this paper that the most important focal parameters for the dynamical process of fault motion are the effective stress (defined as the static frictional stress minus the sliding frictional stress) and the fracture strength (defined as the static frictional stress minus the initial stress). The former accelerates the fault motion and the latter decelerates it. All the rupture phenomena can be interpreted by the relative magnitude between these stresses. The importance of both stresses is not ascertained until the inhomogeneous initial stress field is introduced.
Air Pollution Unable to Intensify Storms via Warm‐Phase Invigoration

According to the hypothesis of aerosol invigoration, the higher concentration of aerosols in polluted air intensifies storms. A leading theory for explaining such a relationship is warm‐phase invigoration, in which cloudy updrafts that are more polluted more readily condense water vapor onto liquid drops, thereby releasing latent heat faster, leading to higher buoyancies and higher updraft speeds. For this mechanism to work, water‐vapor supersaturations well in excess of 1% must be typical of relatively unpolluted cloudy updrafts. Here, the supersaturation is calculated from in situ observations of warm‐phase cloudy updrafts over the Amazon. Instead of values well in excess of 1%, the typical values are found to be around 0.2%. These observations imply that cleaner preindustrial air might have generated supersaturations around 1%, but those are still too low for warm‐phase invigoration to have any practically significant impact on cloud buoyancy and updraft speeds.
Regularity, Decay, and Best Constants for Dispersive Equations☆☆☆

We show that the Strichartz L2w(L2)-estimates for solutions to the (pseudo-) differential equations−Δxu=i∂tuand−Δx +1u=i∂tu are equivalent. A necessary and sufficient condition for decay and regularity for solutions to the equationϕ(−Δx)u=i∂tu is given.
Schooling and the Struggle for Public Life: Democracy's Promise and Education's Challenge, Updated Edition

Both admirers and critics of Henry Giroux's large body of work must appreciate his passionate writing style. His books and essays can be described appropriately and laudatorily as poetic polemics. Even his critics must admit that his arguments are cogent and focus attention on his political goals. Schooling and the Struggle for Public Life: Democracy's Promise and Education's Challenge is an updated and expanded version of a book written in the late 1980s. Its central critique-that many students in American public schools are underserved in terms of citizenship development-holds up well. At many points, any reasonable reader could not disagree with his steadfast statements, such as "public schools can and should play an active and productive role in broadening the possibilities for the democratic promise of American schooling, politics, and society" (p. 202). Overall, this volume finds a place alongside his Teachers as Intellectuals: Toward a Critical Pedagogy of Learning (1988) and Border Crossings: Cultural Workers and the Politics of Education (2005), by again hitting on those omnipresent Girouxian themes of critique and pedagogy. Yet, readers like me, who are quite sympathetic to many of Giroux's concerns (e.g., the future of democracy, growing disparities in educational opportunities, and economic inequality) can be troubled by the ideological and intellectual insularity of sections of his narrative. This problem manifests itself around two general notions. The first is his concept of turning schools into democratic public spheres and the second centers on turning teachers into agents of social change, in and out of schools, through political action. His phrasing of'these notions occasionally varies, but the consistent message that comes through is that public schools need to be
Fabrication of L10-MnAl perpendicularly magnetized thin films for perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions

Structural and magnetic properties of MnAl thin films with different composition, growth temperature, and post-annealing temperature were investigated. The optimum condition for fabrication of L10-MnAl perpendicularly magnetized thin film deposited on Cr-buffered MgO single crystal substrate was revealed. The results of x ray diffraction indicated that the MnAl films annealed at proper temperature had a (001)-orientation and L10-ordered structure. The L10-ordered films were perpendicularly magnetized and had a large perpendicular anisotropy. In addition, low surface roughness was achieved. For the optimized fabrication condition, the saturation magnetization Ms of 600 emu/cm3 and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Ku of 1.0 × 107 erg/cm3 was obtained using the Mn48Al52 target at deposition temperature of 200 °C and post-annealing temperature of 450 °C.
An X-ray Temperature Map of Abell 2142

We present X-ray temperature and surface brightness maps of the rich cluster of galaxies Abell 2142. The surface brightness is elliptical with a major axis at the same position angle as the two brightest galaxies in the cluster as well as the line connecting them. The temperature structure in this cluster consists of a cool region centered on one of the two brightest galaxies and a large hot region. Both the surface brightness and temperature maps indicate that A2142 is in the late stages of a merger, beginning the process of relaxation.
REGULARITY OF SOLUTIONS TO LINEAR STOCHASTIC SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS

We develop linear stochastic Schrodinger equations driven by standard cylindrical Brownian motions (LSSs) that unravel quantum master equations in Lindblad form into quantum trajectories. More precisely, this paper establishes the existence and uniqueness of the smooth strong solution Xt to a LSS with regular initial condition. Moreover, we obtain that the mean value of the square norm of Xt is constant. We also treat the approximation of LSSs by ordinary stochastic differential equations. We apply our results to: (i) models of quantum measurements of position and momentum; and (ii) a system formed by fermions.
A Simple Analytical Path Loss Model for Urban Cellular Communication Systems

This paper presents a simple analytical path loss model for cellular communication system in urban environment. Rectangular shaped blocks with equalheight are used to modelthe buildings, and multiple diffractions over building rooftops are assumed to be the dominant propagation paths. A closed form expression is derived to calculate the total received field. To further simplify this expression, we assume that the center-to-center spacing of two neighboring buildings is constant, and all buildings are of uniform width. A simple path loss model is thus obtained. Good agreement between our theoretical results with measurements and models reported shows the validity and applicability of our model for such communication application.
How the Wind Can Be Leveraged for Saving Energy in a Truck-Drone Delivery System

In this work, we investigate the impact of the wind in a drone-based delivery system. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we adapt the trajectory of the drone to the wind. We consider a truck-drone tandem delivery system. The drone actively reacts to the wind adopting the “most tailwind” trajectory available between the truck’s path and the delivery. The truck moves on a predefined route and carries the drone close to the delivery point. We propose the Minimum-energy Drone-trajectory Problem (MDP) which aims, when the wind affects the delivery area, at planning minimum-energy trajectories for the drone to serve the customers starting from and returning to the truck. We then propose two algorithms that optimally solve MDP under two different routes of the truck. We also analytically study the feasibility of sending drones with limited battery to deliver packages. Finally, we first numerically compare our algorithms on randomly generated synthetic and real data, and then we evaluate our model simulating the drone’s flight in the BlueSky simulator.
Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: What We Learned From the Lockdown Experience

Introduction: Confinement measures that were imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed the routines of the population. Some studies on the impact of confinement on glycemic control suggest a reduction of 0.1 to 0.5% in glycated hemoglobin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on glycemic control in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: An observational retrospective cohort study of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus followed in a Diabetes Unit was performed. The study compared the metabolic control of these patients before (between January 1st and March 18th, 2020) and after (between May 3rd and July 31st, 2020) the lockdown. Results: The study included 102 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (51% females), with a median age of 36 years (interquartile range 18.75, (24.25-43)) and a median duration of diabetes of 15 years (interquartile range 13, (8-21)). After lockdown, a significant decrease of 0.28±0.71% in glycated hemoglobin was observed (7.88±1.33% vs 7.59±1.23%, p=<0.001). In patients using continuous glucose monitoring a significant improvement in time in range was also noted (47.25±17.33% vs 49.97±18.61%, p=0.008). Conclusions: This study demonstrated an improvement in glycemic control after the lockdown. This might be explained by the positive impact of stable schedules, healthy meals and greater availability to make therapeutic adjustments to glycemic control. The fact that diabetes was considered a risk factor for the development of severe COVID-19 disease might also influence patients to increase their efforts to optimize their glycemic control.
Expression of pH-Sensitive TRPC4 in Common Skin Tumors

TRPCs (transient receptor potential classical or cation channels) play a crucial role in tumor biology, especially in the Ca2+ homeostasis in cancer cells. TRPC4 is a pH-sensitive member of this family of proteins. As solid tumors exhibit an inversed pH-gradient with lowered extracellular and increased intracellular pH, both contributing to tumor progression, TRPC4 might be a signaling molecule in the altered tumor microenvironment. This is the first study to investigate the expression profiles of TRPC4 in common skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM) and nevus cell nevi (NCN). We found that all SCCs, NCNs, and MMs show positive TRPC4-expression, while BCCs do only in about half of the analyzed samples. These data render TRPC4 an immunohistochemical marker to distinguish SCC and BCC, and this also gives rise to future studies investigating the role of TRPC4 in tumor progression, and especially metastasis as BCCs very rarely spread and are mostly negative for TRPC4.
INFLUENCE OF ACOUSTIC SOURCE DENSITY ON CROSS-CORRELATED SIGNALS: IMPLICATIONS FOR AMPLITUDE-BASED TOMOGRAPHY IN HELIOSEISMOLOGY

We present new results from the numerical simulations of cross-correlated helioseismic data in a two-dimensional quiet non-magnetic solar subphotosphere for studying the effects of spatiotemporal density of solar acoustic sources on signal quality. Although the signal-to-noise level of helioseismic signals can be improved by data averaging, our results show that there exists a threshold above which this change in data quality is largely independent of the density of the acoustic sources. We also demonstrate that if the source density is below this threshold, significant data artifacts may arise depending on the source location relative to the two observation points at which cross-correlation is performed. Our numerical results therefore show that the density of the acoustic sources is a key, previously unidentified parameter that influences the quality and amplitude of cross-correlated helioseismic signals. We conclude that the identification of this source parameter is important for developing helioseismic tomography beyond travel-time-based methods, namely by modeling amplitudes.
Understanding the Impact of Occupational Stress on the Home Environment: Evidence from Oman

Women develop stress not only at work but also in their home environment, which leads to chaos in both places. This study not only examines the extent of occupational stress among primary school teachers but also identifies the most important antecedents of occupational stress and its impact on the home environment. A survey was conducted on primary school teachers from Al Batinah Governorate in Oman. A sample of 232 respondents was effectively drawn to analyse data using the SmartPLS-based structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. The job demand control support (JDCS) model was used to study occupational stress. A new variable home environment was included in the study to extend the JDCS model. The findings revealed some factors causing occupational stress and a significant positive relationship between occupational stress and the home environment. The study recommended the creation of a positive work environment, the development of appropriate educational policies, and the improvement of relationships with people in the workplace to ameliorate the stress affecting the home environment.
Hurricane-type vortices in a general circulation model

A very high resolution atmospheric general circulation model, T106-L19, has been used for the simulation of hurricanes in a multi-year numerical experiment. Individual storms as well as their geographical and seasonal distribution agree remarkably well with observations. In spite of the fact that only the thermal and dynamical structure of the storms have been used as criteria of their identification, practically all of them occur in areas where the sea surface temperature is higher or equal to 26 °C. There are considerable variations from year to year in the number of storms in spite of the fact that there are no interannual variations in the SST pattern. It is found that the number of storms in particular areas appear to depend on the intensity of the Hadley-Walker cell. The result is clearly resolution-dependant. At lower horizonal resolution, T42, for example, the intensity of the storms is significantly reduced and their overall structure is less realistic, including their vertical form and extent. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995. t01-1-00003.x
MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER REST FREQUENCIES FOR NaCN (X̃1A′): A REMARKABLY ABUNDANT CIRCUMSTELLAR MOLECULE

The pure rotational spectrum of NaCN has been recorded in the millimeter/submillimeter region using direct absorption techniques, the first experimental study of this molecule at frequencies above 40 GHz. The species was produced in the gas phase in an AC discharge by the reaction of sodium vapor with cyanogen. Twelve rotational transitions of NaCN have been measured in the range of 180–530 GHz, extending the previous microwave data to millimeter/submillimeter frequencies. Multiple Ka asymmetry components were recorded in each rotational transition up to Ka = 5 or 6, a total of 131 individual lines. These data have been analyzed with a standard asymmetric top Hamiltonian, combined with prior microwave measurements. Higher-order centrifugal distortion terms were clearly needed to model the millimeter-wave transitions of this floppy molecule. From this revised set of spectroscopic constants, accurate frequency predictions can now be made up to 600 GHz for NaCN for the lower-value Ka components (Ka ≤ 4). Based on the new laboratory data and past spectral surveys, a revised abundance for NaCN in IRC+10216 has been estimated. For a 5″ source, the fractional abundance for this molecule was found to be f (NaCN/H2) ∼ 1 × 10−8, comparable to that of c-C3H2. These new frequency measurements should aid in line identification in surveys in the 0.8 mm band and at shorter wavelengths.
Forced magnetic reconnection

By studying a simple model problem, the time evolution of magnetic field islands which are induced by perturbing the boundary surrounding an incompressible plasma with a resonant surface inside is examined. The reconnection and island formation process for sufficiently small boundary perturbations occurs on the tearing mode time scale defined by Furth, Killeen, and Rosenbluth [Phys. Fluids 6, 459 (1963)]. For larger perturbations the time scale is that defined by Rutherford [Phys. Fluids 16, 1903 (1973)]. The resulting asymptotic equilibrium is such that surface currents in the resonant region vanish. A detailed analytical picture of this reconnection process is presented.
Revealing age-specific past and future unrelated costs of pneumococcal infections by flexible generalized estimating equations

We aimed to study the excess health-care expenditures for persons with a known positive isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The data set was compiled by linking the database of the largest Belgian Sickness Fund with data obtained from laboratories reporting pneumococcal isolates. We analyzed the age-specific per-patient cumulative costs over time, using generalized estimating equations (GEEs). The mean structure was described by fractional polynomials. The quasi-likelihood under the independence model criterion was used to compare different correlation structures. We show for all age groups that the health-care costs incurred by diagnosed pneumococcal patients are significantly larger than those incurred by undiagnosed matched persons. This is not only the case at the time of diagnosis but also long before and after the time of diagnosis. These findings can be informative for the current debate on unrelated costs in health economic evaluation, and GEEs could be used to estimate these costs for other diseases. Finally, these results can be used to inform policy on the expected budget impact of preventing pneumococcal infections.
Meta Learning Based Deception Detection from Speech

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of detecting human deception, specifically by using speech cues. Indeed, several works attempt to detect deception from speech. Unfortunately, most works use the same people and environments in training and in testing. That is, they do not separate training samples from test samples according to the people who said each statement or by the environments in which each sample was recorded. This may result in less reliable detection results. In this paper, we take a meta-learning approach in which a model is trained on a variety of learning tasks to enable it to solve new learning tasks using only a few samples. In our approach, we split the data according to the persons (and recording environment), i.e., some people are used for training, and others are used for testing only, but we do assume a few labeled samples for each person in the data set. We introduce CHAML, a novel deep learning architecture that receives as input the sample in question along with two more truthful samples and non-truthful samples from the same person. We show that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods of deception detection based on speech and other approaches for meta-learning on our data-set. Namely, CHAML reaches an accuracy of 61.34% and an F1-Score of 0.3857, compared to an accuracy of only 55.82% and an F1-score of only 0.3444, achieved by a previous, most recent approach.