Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Mental Health in a Cost-of-Living Crisis: a rapid review

Since 2021 the UK has experienced a sharp rise in inflation. For many, wages and welfare payments have not kept up with rising costs, leading to a cost of living crisis. There is evidence indicating that economic crises are damaging to population mental health and that some groups are particularly vulnerable. The review aims to 1. Identify and appraise available population level measures and methods for assessing the impact on mental health of any public health response to the cost of living crisis, and 2. review the appropriateness of the measures for specific, vulnerable populations. Study designs and mental health measurement tools: These included secondary analyses of existing data, household panel surveys, repeated cross-sectional surveys; or used routine clinical data including medical records, prescribing data, or were ecological time-series studies using national or regional suicide death rates. 12 validated mental health measurement tools were identified. Four validated mental health measurement tools are embedded into UK population-level surveys. Vulnerable groups: 11 mental health measurement tools were used to identify population sub-groups whose mental health was most likely to be affected by an economic crisis. There is evidence that the mental health measurement tools and methods are suitable for measuring mental health in people with different socio-economic and financial situations. It was not possible to determine whether the methods and tools effectively captured data from people from minority ethnic groups. Policy and practice implications: Many UK population-level surveys, include validated mental health tools and questions about financial security, providing data that can be used to explore population mental health. A quasi-experimental study design, using data from a household panel could be suitable for measuring the mental health impact of a specific public health initiative to tackle cost of living pressures. Reports and studies using population-level surveys or medical records should present data on ethnicity and, where possible, plan to stratify analyses by ethnicity. Economic considerations: Poorer households are more exposed to inflationary pressures. In the lead up to the cost of living crisis, Wales had the highest proportion of working age adults and pensioners in relative income poverty out of the UK nations. 28% of children in Wales were living in relative poverty. Given that over half of all mental health problems start by age 14 (and 75% by age 18) and poverty being a risk factor for psychological illnesses, there is likely to be a long shadow of mental health continuing into future generations stemming from the cost-of-living crisis. Mental Health problems cost the Welsh economy 4.8 billion (UK pounds) per annum. In a recent survey of Welsh participants, 60% of respondents agreed that rising costs of living negatively affected their quality of life.
REAL WORLD EFFECTIVENESS OF LIXISENATIDE AND OTHER INTENSIFICATION THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS UNCONTROLLED WITH BASAL INSULIN

Background and objectives: Lixisenatide, a selective short-acting glucagon-like peptide 1–receptor agonist (GLP-1RAs), approved in many countries worldwidefor use with oral glucose-lowering agents with or without basal insulin for the treatment of adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as an adjunct to diet and exercise. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of basal insulin treatmentregimen intensification with Lixisenatide compared with another injectable drugin patients with T2DM. We also aimed to identify the respective predictive factors for glycemic control. Materials and Methods: This prospective, multi-center, non-controlled observational study included 242 patients with T2DMuncontrolled the effectiveness of Lixisenatide combined with basal on glycemic control in patients with T2DMcompared with basal plus other intensification therapy. placebo-controlled thatadding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 controlled with initiated and continuously titrated basal and postprandial hyperglycemiaand as an alternative to prandial insulin for patients basal-bolus basal-plus basal-bolusand the reduction in compared with basal-bolus. ahigher of patients basalplus basal-bolus GetGoal-L the efficacy and safety of the once-daily Lixisenatide to established basal insulin therapy alone or together with metformin, in people with type 2 diabetes and elevated HbA1c. Symptomatic hypoglycemia 28% for lixisenatide and 22% for placebo. showed that by HbA1c postprandial hyperglycemia without weight gain in type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control despite stable insulin, lixisenatide to rapid-acting
Temporal trends and factors associated with emergency department visits and hospitalizations in angina with no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA)

Introduction: Angina with no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) presents diagnostic and treatment challenges, significantly burdening healthcare resources as reported in previous studies. This study assessed temporal changes in emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for ANOCA and factors associated with these outcomes. Methods/Results: We assessed a retrospective cohort of 85,573 individuals (26% with ANOCA, 31% female, mean age 62.1{+/-}12.0 years) who underwent their first cardiac catheterization for chest pain in Alberta from 2002 to 2017. Temporal trend analysis showed ED visits ranged from 26.3% to 30.7% ({beta}=0.21 [95%CI:-0.28 to 0.70];p=0.33) for ANOCA and from 47.7% to 53.1% ({beta}=-0.15[95%CI:-0.87 to 0.57];p=0.63) for obstructive CAD, with no temporal changes in either. Hospitalizations decreased from 6.5% to 3.8% ({beta}=-0.28 [95%CI:-0.47 to -0.09];p=0.010) for ANOCA and from 24.8% to 15.3% ({beta}=-1.45 [95%CI:-1.77 to -1.12];p<0.001) for obstructive CAD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis factors associated with ED visits in individuals with ANOCA included cerebrovascular disease (CEVD) (OR=1.73 [95%CI:1.40-2.15]), congestive heart failure (CHF) (OR=1.91 [95%CI:1.49-2.44]), peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR=1.61 [95%CI:1.18-2.19), and unstable angina (UA) (versus (vs) stable angina (SA): OR=1.65 [95%CI:1.51-1.80]). Factors associated with hospitalizations in ANOCA included CEVD (OR=1.39 [95%CI:1.11-1.73]), CHF (OR=2.06 [95%CI:1.66-2.56]), hypertension (OR: 1.26 [95%CI:1.14-1.40]), PAD (OR=1.89 [95%CI:1.43-2.50]), and myocardial infarction (vs SA: OR=1.27 [95%CI:1.12-1.44]), and UA (vs SA: OR=1.36 [95%CI:1.22-1.52]). Conclusions: ED visits for ANOCA remained stable, while hospitalizations declined over time. Understanding factors associated with recurrent visits may aid clinicians in treatment strategies.
Comparison of the analytical and clinical sensitivity of thirty-four rapid antigen tests with the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK

Background The continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) requires timely analytical and clinical evaluation of antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) especially those that are recommended for at home use. Methods The limit of detection (LOD) of 34 Ag-RDTs was evaluated using the most encountered SARS-CoV-2 VOC viral isolates (Alpha, Delta, Gamma, Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.5) and the wild type (WT). Clinical sensitivity was further evaluated for five Ag-RDT utilising retrospective samples (Alpha, Delta, Omicron BA.1) and one Ag-RDT utilising prospective clinical samples (Delta and Omicron BA.1). Findings For the WT, Alpha, Delta, Gamma and Omicron (BA.1) variants 22, 32, 29, 31 and 32 of the 34 Ag-RDTs evaluated met the World Health Organisations (WHO) target product profile (TPP), respectively. Of the 31 Ag-RDTs included for Omicron BA.5 evaluation 29 met the WHO TPP. Additionally, the LODs for samples spiked with Omicron BA.5 were significantly lower than all other VOCs included (p<0.001). In the retrospective clinical evaluation when comparing RNA copies/mL, the Ag-RDTs detected Alpha and Omicron (BA.1) more sensitively than the Delta VOC. Samples with high RT-qPCR Cts (Ct>25) resulted in reduced test sensitivities across all variants. We used linear regression to model the 50% and 95% LOD of clinical samples and observed statistically similar results for all tests. In the prospective clinical samples, the sensitivity was statistically similar for the Delta VOC 71.9% (CI 95% 53.3-86.6%) and Omicron VOC 84.4% (CI95% 75.3-91.2%). Interpretation Test performance differs between SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, and high sensitivity was achieved when testing the Omicron BA.5 VOC compared to the WHO Ag-RDT requirements. Continuous evaluations must be performed to monitor test performance.
APOE loss-of-function variants: Compatible with longevity and associated with resistance to Alzheimer’s Disease pathology

The ε4 variant of APOE is the strongest genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It remains unclear if the ε4 protein increases AD risk through a gain of abnormal function, or whether it functions less well than the ε3 protein. Framed bluntly: Would knocking down ε4 in an ε4 carrier increase or decrease AD risk?
The epidemiological investigation of hyperlipidemia in the northern Henan Province

Background/purpose: Hyperlipidemia is a kind of diseases with the characteristic of high level of blood lipids, it could directly result in several serious diseases including atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease to threat to human health. Therefore, to understand the epidemiological status and risk factors of hyperlipidemia is important for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hyperlipidemia. Methods: The clinical data in Xinxiang Central Hospital from 2019-2021 were collected, and those data were classified and analyzed according to the basic information of investigation subjects and risk factors. Results: A total of 670 investigation subjects were collected in this investigation including 521 males and 149 females, accounting for 77.76% and 22.24% in the total investigation population, respectively; age range of investigation subjects was 20-97 year old; there were 390 people with a history of smoking and 346 people were never smoking, accounting for 58.21% and 51.64% in the total investigation populationrespectively; in this investigation, the proportion of peasant farmers was the highest (353/670, 52.69%), followed by retire population (164/670, 24.48%); in terms of education level, the proportion of people graduating from middle school was the highest (338/670, 50.45%), followed by those graduating from primary school (249/670, 37.16%); the statistical results found that the incident of hyperlipidemia were correlated to gender (P<0.01), ethnicity (P<0.01), age (P<0.05), marital status (P<0.05), education level (P<0.001), hypertension (P<0.05) and diabetes mellitus (P<0.001), had no relation to occupation (P>0.05), cerebral hemorrhage, angina pectoris, ischemic stroke, gastrointestinal ulcers, coronary heart disease, chronic renal insufficiency, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P>0.05). Conclusion: The epidemiological status of hyperlipidemia in northern Henan Province had the specificity, the incident of hyperlipidemia was correlated to gender, ethnicity, age, marital status, education level, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, those results may provide basis for the prevention and treatment for hyperlipidemia in northern Henan Province.
A multiscale model of the CD8 T cell immune response structured by intracellular content

During the primary CD8 T cell immune response, CD8 T cells undergo proliferation and continuous differentiation, acquiring cytotoxic abilities to address the infection and generate an immune memory. At the end of the response, the remaining CD8 T cells are antigen-specific memory cells that will respond stronger and faster in case they are presented this very same antigen again. We propose a nonlinear multiscale mathematical model of the CD8 T cell immune response describing dynamics of two inter-connected physical scales. At the intracellular scale, the level of expression of key proteins involved in proliferation, death, and differentiation of CD8 T cells is modeled by a delay differential system whose dynamics define maturation velocities of CD8 T cells. At the population scale, the amount of CD8 T cells is represented by a discrete density and cell fate depends on their intracellular content. We introduce the model, then show essential mathematical properties (existence, uniqueness, positivity) of solutions and analyse their asymptotic behavior based on the behavior of the intracellular regulatory network. We numerically illustrate the model's ability to qualitatively reproduce both primary and secondary responses, providing a preliminary tool for investigating the generation of long-lived CD8 memory T cells and vaccine design.
The innovativeself - adjustable Adspecs TM

A method of self-refraction, based onan old concept implemented with the aidof modern technology, is spectacles withadjustable lenses. The spectacle design isreferred to as the AdspecsTM. The advantageof the Adspecs is that the wearer can adjustthe powers of the lenses to suit his or hervisual needs. The power is spherical andranges from −6 to 6 D. Studies were undertakenin Ghana and South Africa. Subjectswere instructed under supervision to adjustthe powers of the Adspecs as accurately aspossible to correct their vision and obtainthe best visual acuity possible. An optometristthen refracted the patients and theresults were then compared. For the righteyes, the mean stigmatic coefficient differencefor distance vision was −0.13 D andthe standard deviation 0.89 D. For the lefteyes, the mean was −0.24 D and the standarddeviation 0.91 D. For near vision, themean for the right eyes was −0.27 D andstandard deviation 1.07 D, and for the lefteyes, the mean was −0.27 D and standarddeviation 1.23 D. The standard deviationsfor the means (at distance and near) forleft eyes were slightly greater than for theright eyes.
Deriving Lindblad master equations with Keldysh diagrams: correlated gain and loss in higher order perturbation theory

Motivated by correlated decay processes producing gain, loss, and lasing in driven semiconductor quantum dots [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 036801 (2014)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.113. 036801; Science 347, 285 (2015)SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.aaa2501; Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 196802 (2015)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.114. 196802], we develop a theoretical technique by using Keldysh diagrammatic perturbation theory to derive a Lindblad master equation that goes beyond the usual second-order perturbation theory. We demonstrate the method on the driven dissipative Rabi model, including terms up to fourth order in the interaction between the qubit and both the resonator and environment. This results in a large class of Lindblad dissipators and associated rates which go beyond the terms that have previously been proposed to describe similar systems. All of the additional terms contribute to the system behavior at the same order of perturbation theory. We then apply these results to analyze the phonon-assisted steady-state gain of a microwave field driving a double quantum dot in a resonator. We show that resonator gain and loss are substantially affected by dephasing-assisted dissipative processes in the quantum-dot system. These additional processes, which go beyond recently proposed polaronic theories, are in good quantitative agreement with experimental observations.
Rayleigh–Taylor Instability in Interacting Supernovae: Implications for Synchrotron Magnetic Fields

Synchrotron emission from a supernova (SN) necessitates a magnetic field, but it is unknown how strong the relevant magnetic fields are, and what mechanism generates them. In this study, we perform high-resolution numerical gas dynamics calculations in axisymmetry to determine the growth of turbulence due to Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability, and the resulting kinetic energy in turbulent fluctuations, as a means of inferring how strong magnetic fields can become when amplified by this turbulence. Assuming rough equipartition between kinetic and magnetic energy in the turbulence, we find that RT instability may produce turbulent fluctuations strong enough to amplify magnetic fields to a few percent of equipartition with the thermal energy. This turbulence stays concentrated near the reverse shock, but averaging this magnetic energy throughout the shocked region (weighting by emissivity) sets the magnetic fields at a minimum of 0.3 percent of equipartition. This line of argument predicts a minimum effective magnetic field strength ( ) that should be present in all interacting SNe. This provides a prediction for what should be found in highly resolved, three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics calculations. The strength and spatial distribution of turbulently generated magnetic fields would have implications for the shape and luminosity of SN radio light curves.
Observer‐based output feedback compensator design for linear parabolic PDEs with local piecewise control and pointwise observation in space

This study presents an observer-based output feedback compensator design for a linear parabolic partial differential equation (PDE), where a finite number of actuators and sensors are active over partial areas and at specified points in the spatial domain, respectively. In the proposed design method, a Luenberger-type PDE observer is first constructed by using the non-collocated pointwise observation to exponentially track the PDE state. Based on the estimated state, a collocated local piecewise state feedback controller is then proposed. By employing a Lyapunov direct method, integration by parts, Wirtinger's inequality and first mean value theorem for definite integrals, sufficient conditions on the exponential stability of the resulting closed-loop coupled PDEs are presented in terms of standard linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, both open-loop and closed-loop well-posedness analysis results are also established by the C 0 -semigroup method. Numerical simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Distributed tracking control of multiple nonholonomic mobile agents with input delay

This paper considers the distributed control problem of nonholonomic mobile agents with input delay to track a target. In contrast to the existing works in which some controllers have been designed for ideal conditions, the destructive factor of input delay is considered in the dynamics of the agents in this work. At first, a distributed controller is suggested for each agent to track the target in the absence of input delay. In this case, each nonholonomic mobile agent is divided into two subsystems and two terminal sliding mode controllers are designed for the two subsystems. Based on the proposed controllers, a switching control strategy is obtained to guarantee the finite time tracking control of nonholonomic mobile agents. Then, this controller is extended based on a future state estimator for tracking control in the presence of input delay. The stability analysis of distributed controllers and estimator is also provided. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested algorithms.
A Simple Estimation of Coupling Loss Factors for Two Flexible Subsystems Connected via Discrete Interfaces

A simple formula is proposed to estimate the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) coupling loss factors (CLFs) for two flexible subsystems connected via discrete interfaces. First, the dynamic interactions between two discretely connected subsystems are described as a set of intermodal coupling stiffness terms. It is then found that if both subsystems are of high modal density and meanwhile the interface points all act independently, the intermodal dynamic couplings become dominated by only those between different subsystem mode sets. If ensemble- and frequency-averaged, the intermodal coupling stiffness terms can simply reduce to a function of the characteristic dynamic properties of each subsystem and the subsystem mass, as well as the number of interface points. The results can thus be accommodated within the theoretical frame of conventional SEA theory to yield a simple CLF formula. Meanwhile, the approach allows the weak coupling region between the two SEA subsystems to be distinguished simply and explicitly. The consistency and difference of the present technique with and from the traditional wave-based SEA solutions are discussed. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the good performance of the present technique.
Electron Pattern Recognition using trigger mode SOI pixel sensor for Advanced Compton Imaging

Compton imaging is a useful method for localizing sub MeV to a few MeV gamma-rays and widely used for environmental and medical applications. The direction of recoiled electrons in Compton scattering process provides the additional information to limit the Compton cones and increases the sensitivity in the system. The capability of recoiled electron tracking using trigger-mode Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) sensor is investigated with various radiation sources. The trigger-mode SOI sensor consists of 144 by 144 active pixels with 30 μm cells and the thickness of sensor is 500 μm. The sensor generates the digital output when it is hit by gamma-rays and 25 by 25 pixel pattern of surrounding the triggered pixel is readout to extract the recoiled electron track. The electron track is successfully observed for 60Co and 137Cs sources, which provides useful information for future electron tracking Compton camera.
On a Poisson homogeneous space of bilinear forms with a Poisson–Lie action

Let be the space of bilinear forms on with defining matrices endowed with a quadratic Poisson structure of reflection equation type. The paper begins with a short description of previous studies of the structure, and then this structure is extended to systems of bilinear forms whose dynamics is governed by the natural action of the Poisson–Lie group on . A classification is given of all possible quadratic brackets on preserving the Poisson property of the action, thus endowing with the structure of a Poisson homogeneous space. Besides the product Poisson structure on , there are two other (mutually dual) structures, which (unlike the product Poisson structure) admit reductions by the Dirac procedure to a space of bilinear forms with block upper triangular defining matrices. Further generalisations of this construction are considered, to triples with the Poisson action , and it is shown that then acquires the structure of a Poisson symmetric space. Generalisations to chains of transformations and to the quantum and quantum affine algebras are investigated, as well as the relations between constructions of Poisson symmetric spaces and the Poisson groupoid. Bibliography: 30 titles.
A diagonalized improved subspace‐based optimization method for solving 2‐D inverse scattering problems

This letter proposes a diagonalized improved subspace‐based optimization method (DISOM) by introducing the diagonal approximation to the improved subspace‐based optimization method (ISOM). In the diagonal approximation which has been used in the contrast source inversion, a diagonal operator is used to replace the nonlinear operator of full contrast inversion and relates the fields and induced currents. Due to the diagonal approximation, a more simplified objective function is obtained. Consequently, the iteration procedure is simplified and the computation time is reduced. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed DISOM has the capability of reconstructing not only isotropic objects but also uniaxial anisotropic objects. Furthermore, the quality of the reconstruction results obtained by DISOM is almost the same as the ones by utilizing ISOM, while DISOM saves about one fourth of the computational time.