Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of the Trinity Reforms and the Heisei Mergers on processes of peripherisation in Japan's mountain villages

The Trinity Reforms and the Heisei Mergers impacted on the peripherisation of mountain villages in Japan. Through structured analysis of the effects of the two reforms, this article draws on theories from recent discourse on peripherisation in Germany and applies the framework to a Japanese context. The two reforms are treated as interrelated measures in line with the neoliberal reform agenda of the Koizumi administration. By examination of cause―effect relations, the article assesses induced changes in terms of the four dimensions of peripherisation― outmigration, disconnection, dependency, and negative perception. It concludes that the two regional policy reforms led to a further peripherisation of mountain villages in respect of all four facets, albeit to a varying extent and with different implications. Circumstances in many mountain villages can already be deemed critical due to the challenges of demographic change ; these are exacerbated by the need to consolidate local finances and the effects of municipal amalgamation. Factors contributing to further peripherisation of mountain villages include a lower level of public service provision, infrastructure cutbacks, the loss of administrative independence, restrictions of policy options of local governments and the weakening of local identity. Paradoxically, the reforms originally aimed at devolution of power to local governments but could now lead to heightened importance of lobbying for funds from central government.
ChatGPT-Generated Differential Diagnosis Lists for Complex Case–Derived Clinical Vignettes: Diagnostic Accuracy Evaluation

Background The diagnostic accuracy of differential diagnoses generated by artificial intelligence chatbots, including ChatGPT models, for complex clinical vignettes derived from general internal medicine (GIM) department case reports is unknown. Objective This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the differential diagnosis lists generated by both third-generation ChatGPT (ChatGPT-3.5) and fourth-generation ChatGPT (ChatGPT-4) by using case vignettes from case reports published by the Department of GIM of Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Japan. Methods We searched PubMed for case reports. Upon identification, physicians selected diagnostic cases, determined the final diagnosis, and displayed them into clinical vignettes. Physicians typed the determined text with the clinical vignettes in the ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 prompts to generate the top 10 differential diagnoses. The ChatGPT models were not specially trained or further reinforced for this task. Three GIM physicians from other medical institutions created differential diagnosis lists by reading the same clinical vignettes. We measured the rate of correct diagnosis within the top 10 differential diagnosis lists, top 5 differential diagnosis lists, and the top diagnosis. Results In total, 52 case reports were analyzed. The rates of correct diagnosis by ChatGPT-4 within the top 10 differential diagnosis lists, top 5 differential diagnosis lists, and top diagnosis were 83% (43/52), 81% (42/52), and 60% (31/52), respectively. The rates of correct diagnosis by ChatGPT-3.5 within the top 10 differential diagnosis lists, top 5 differential diagnosis lists, and top diagnosis were 73% (38/52), 65% (34/52), and 42% (22/52), respectively. The rates of correct diagnosis by ChatGPT-4 were comparable to those by physicians within the top 10 (43/52, 83% vs 39/52, 75%, respectively; P=.47) and within the top 5 (42/52, 81% vs 35/52, 67%, respectively; P=.18) differential diagnosis lists and top diagnosis (31/52, 60% vs 26/52, 50%, respectively; P=.43) although the difference was not significant. The ChatGPT models’ diagnostic accuracy did not significantly vary based on open access status or the publication date (before 2011 vs 2022). Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential diagnostic accuracy of differential diagnosis lists generated using ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 for complex clinical vignettes from case reports published by the GIM department. The rate of correct diagnoses within the top 10 and top 5 differential diagnosis lists generated by ChatGPT-4 exceeds 80%. Although derived from a limited data set of case reports from a single department, our findings highlight the potential utility of ChatGPT-4 as a supplementary tool for physicians, particularly for those affiliated with the GIM department. Further investigations should explore the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT by using distinct case materials beyond its training data. Such efforts will provide a comprehensive insight into the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing clinical decision-making.
Rapid response of soil GHG emissions and microbial parameters to the addition of biochar and the freeze-thaw cycle

A reduction in snow cover makes soil more exposed to freezing-thawing processes. We tested the rapid response of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in fertilized soil to biochar addition under the freeze-thaw cycle. The soil (at a moisture of 55% water holding capacity) was enriched with biochar at a rate of 20 t ha -1 , frozen at -20°C for 12 h and thawed at 20°C. The control was soil without biochar and with biochar incubated at temperature of 20°C. Unfrozen soil was a CO 2 and N 2 O source and a weak sink for CH 4 . The GHG fluxes were not significantly altered by biochar, although biochar-treated soil emitted CH 4 . The frozen soil emitted all the tested GHGs during the thawing period. A pulse of CO 2 and CH 4 emissions (and N 2 O in soil with biochar) occurred in the period of rapid temperature growth, while GHG fluxes reached levels similar to unfrozen soil after temperature stabilization at 20°C. In frozen soil, the addition of biochar significantly increased the CH 4 and N 2 O peak only in the first phase of thawing with a dynamic temperature growth. Biochar changed microbial parameters, therefore we assume that both physical and biological mechanisms could be responsible for GHG emissions in frozen soils.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in experimental Alzheimer’s disease models: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the nervous system. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, have been shown to have neuroprotective effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects and potential mechanisms of GLP-1 RAs in AD animal models. 26 studies were included by searching relevant studies from seven databases according to a predefined search strategy and inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool, and statistical analysis was performed using ReviewManger 5.3. The results showed that, in terms of behavioral tests, GLP-1 RAs could improve the learning and memory abilities of AD rodents; in terms of pathology, GLP-1 RAs could reduce Aβ deposition and phosphorylated tau levels in the brains of AD rodents. The therapeutic potential of GLP-1 RAs in AD involves a range of mechanisms that work synergistically to enhance the alleviation of various pathological manifestations associated with the condition. A total of five clinical trials were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov. More large-scale and high-quality preclinical trials should be conducted to more accurately assess the therapeutic effects of GLP-1 RAs on AD.
Mass Balance and Thermal Regime of Laika Ice Cap, Coburg Island, N.W.T., Canada

Abstract During the North Water Project of the late F. Müller, glaciological studies were carried out on Laika ice cap. In addition to the main climatological investigations, surveying, mapping, mass-balance studies, and englacial temperature measurements were carried out. The mass-balance distribution is strongly determined by the orography. Strong westerly winds erode and transport snow from exposed surfaces, whereas prevailing easterly winds, during precipitation, deposit snow on lee slopes. The balance is negative under the present climate. The history of the glacier-tongue geometry is reconstructed using geomorphological observations and photogrammetric mapping for 1959 and 1971. Englacial temperature measurements revealed a finite layer of temperate basal ice in the ablation zone. The temperature distribution in the accumulation area around the summit of the ice cap is not stationary.
Rapid Production of Nanoscale Liposomes Using a 3D-Printed Reactor-In-A-Centrifuge: Formulation, Characterisation, and Super-Resolution Imaging

Nanoscale liposomes have been extensively researched and employed clinically for the delivery of biologically active compounds, including chemotherapy drugs and vaccines, offering improved pharmacokinetic behaviour and therapeutic outcomes. Traditional laboratory-scale production methods often suffer from limited control over liposome properties (e.g., size and lamellarity) and rely on laborious multistep procedures, which may limit pre-clinical research developments and innovation in this area. The widespread adoption of alternative, more controllable microfluidic-based methods is often hindered by complexities and costs associated with device manufacturing and operation, as well as the short device lifetime and the relatively low liposome production rates in some cases. In this study, we demonstrated the production of liposomes comprising therapeutically relevant lipid formulations, using a cost-effective 3D-printed reactor-in-a-centrifuge (RIAC) device. By adjusting formulation- and production-related parameters, including the concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG), temperature, centrifugation time and speed, and lipid concentration, the mean size of the produced liposomes could be tuned in the range of 140 to 200 nm. By combining selected experimental parameters, the method was capable of producing liposomes with a therapeutically relevant mean size of ~174 nm with narrow size distribution (polydispersity index, PDI ~0.1) at a production rate of >8 mg/min. The flow-through method proposed in this study has potential to become an effective and versatile laboratory-scale approach to simplify the synthesis of therapeutic liposomal formulations.
Mineralogy of V-type near Earth objects

Much of our current knowledge on the formation and evolution of our Solar System is based on the study of chemical, mineralogical, and physical properties of meteorites. These are remnants of planetesimals that never formed a planet, possibly due to the gravitational influence of Jupiter, and preserve crucial information about the collisional and evolutionary processes that occurred in the early stages of the Solar System. Linking a meteorite to a specific asteroid or asteroid’s group can provide important information about petrological, thermal and collisional history of asteroids. In addition, if a linkage between a meteorite and an asteroid can be established, knowing the orbital position of the asteroid allows us to argue about the mechanism that can deliver a meteorite to Earth. Visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of meteorites, asteroids and samples of mixtures of meteorite constituent minerals provides a powerful technique to study a possible genetic linkage between meteorites and asteroids. However, reflectance spectra are not always intrinsic to surface mineralogy, as grain size effects, or surface roughness, can change the optical properties of any mineral. In the case of airless bodies like asteroids, the effects of space weathering caused by irradiation of solar wind and cosmic rays and by the bombardment of micrometeorites can redden the surface reflectance spectra and lower its albedo. In addition, the absorption features of the asteroid surface reflectance spectra can be attenuated. Hence, studying the mineralogy of asteroids is a quite arduous task. However, the V-type asteroids and the Howardites (H), Eucrites (E) and Diogenites (D) seem to share the best known meteorite-asteroid linkage. There are also possible genetic linkages that have been postulated, such as ordinary chondrites and S-type asteroids or, even more surprisingly, the recently argued possibility of the CM and CI chondrites coming from comets. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the reflectance spectra of V-type Near Earth Objects (NEOs) and 4 Vesta taken from the publically available MIT-UH-IRTF Joint Campaign for NEO Reconaissance, and reflectance spectra of HED meteorites and intimate mineral mixtures from the RELAB database. In order to fit reflectance spectra and derive the surface composition, mineralogy and grain size, the Hapke radiative FCUP Mineralogy of V-type Near Earth Objects 4 transfer model is applied. The results of the spectral analysis and modelling corroborate the known genetic linkage between V-type asteroids and the studied HEDs. A similar linkage between several NEOs and V-type asteroids is proposed. It is also hoped to constrain some processes that took place in the early Solar System. FCUP Mineralogy of V-type Near Earth Objects 5
Comparison of the Efficacy of Longer versus Shorter Pulsed High Dose Dapsone Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome with Bartonellosis and Associated Coinfections

Twenty-five patients with relapsing and remitting Borreliosis, Babesiosis, and bartonellosis despite extended anti-infective therapy were prescribed double-dose dapsone combination therapy (DDDCT), followed by one or several courses of High Dose Dapsone Combination Therapy (HDDCT). A retrospective chart review of these 25 patients undergoing DDDCT therapy and HDDCT demonstrated that 100% improved their tick-borne symptoms, and patients completing 6–7 day pulses of HDDCT had superior levels of improvement versus 4-day pulses if Bartonella was present. At the completion of treatment, 7/23 (30.5%) who completed 8 weeks of DDDCT followed by a 5–7 day pulse of HDDCT remained in remission for 3–9 months, and 3/23 patients (13%) who recently finished treatment were 1 ½ months in full remission. In conclusion, DDDCT followed by 6–7 day pulses of HDDCT could represent a novel, effective anti-infective strategy in chronic Lyme disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) and associated co-infections, including Bartonella, especially in individuals who have failed standard antibiotic protocols.
The Timan-Pechora Basin province of northwest Arctic Russia; Domanik, Paleozoic total petroleum system

Survey. In the project, the world was divided into eight regions and 937 geologic provinces. The provinces have been ranked according to the discovered oil and gas volumes within each (Klett and others, 1997). Then, 76 "priority" provinces (exclusive of the U.S. and chosen for their high ranking) and 26 "boutique" provinces (exclusive of the U.S. and chosen for their anticipated petroleum richness or special regional economic importance) were selected for appraisal of oil and gas resources. The petroleum geology of these priority and boutique provinces is described in this series of reports. The Timan-Pechora Basin Province ranks 22nd in the world, exclusive of the U.S. The purpose of this effort is to aid in assessing the quantities of oil, gas, and natural gas liquids that have the potential to be added to reserves within the next 30 years. These volumes either reside in undiscovered fields whose sizes exceed the stated minimum-field-size cutoff value for the assessment unit (variable, but must be at least 1 million barrels of oil equivalent) or occur as reserve growth of fields already discovered. The total petroleum system constitutes the basic geologic unit of the oil and gas assessment. The total petroleum system includes all genetically related petroleum occurring in shows and accumulations (discovered and undiscovered) that has been generated by a pod or by closely related pods of mature source rock and that exists within a limited mappable geologic space, together with the essential mappable geologic elements (source, reservoir, seal, and overburden rocks) that control the fundamental processes of generation, expulsion, migration, entrapment, and preservation of petroleum. The minimum petroleum system is that part of a total petroleum system encompassing discovered shows and accumulations, together with the geologic space in which the various essential elements have been proved by these discoveries. An assessment unit is a mappable part of a total petroleum system in which discovered and undiscovered fields constitute a single relatively homogenous population such that the chosen methodology of resource assessment-based on estimation of the number and sizes of undiscovered fields-is applicable. A total petroleum system might equate to a single assessment unit. If necessary, a total petroleum system may be subdivided into two or more assessment units such that each assessment unit is sufficiently homogeneous in terms of geology, exploration considerations, and risk to assess individually. Assessment units are considered established if they contain more than 13 fields, frontier if they …
Thermal Imaging Detection System: A Case Study for Indoor Environments

Currently, there is an increasing need for reliable mechanisms for automatically detecting and localizing people—from performing a people-flow analysis in museums and controlling smart homes to guarding hazardous areas like railway platforms. A method for detecting people using FLIR Lepton 3.5 thermal cameras and Raspberry Pi 3B+ computers was developed. The method creates a control and capture library for the Lepton 3.5 and a new person-detection technique that uses the state-of-the-art YOLO (You Only Look Once) real-time object detector based on deep neural networks. A thermal unit with an automated configuration using Ansible encapsulated in a custom 3D-printed enclosure was used. The unit has applications in simple thermal detection based on the modeling of complex scenes with polygonal boundaries and multiple thermal camera monitoring. An easily deployable person-detection and -localization system based on thermal imaging that supports multiple cameras and can serve as an input for other systems that take actions by knowing the positions of people in monitored environments was created. The thermal detection system was tested on a people-flow analysis performed in the Czech National Museum in Prague. The contribution of the presented method is the development of a small and simple detection system that is easily mountable with wide indoor as well as outdoor applications. The novelty of the system is in the utilization of the YOLO model for thermal data.
Health-related components in plant bean seeds grown under irrigation and terminal drought stress

1Campo Experimental BajíoINIFAP. Carretera Celaya-San Miguel Allende Celaya, km 6.5, Guanajuato. C. P. 38110. México. Tel. 01 461 611 5323. Ext 183. 2Programa de frijol, Campo Experimental Bajío, INIFAP. Carretera Celaya-San Miguel Allende km 6.5, Celaya, Guanajuato. C. P. 38110. México. 3Campo Experimental Valle del Fuerte. Carretera Internacional México-Nogales, km 1609. Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México. Tel. (01 687) 8-96-03-20 y 8-96-03-21. §Autor por correspondencia: guzman. horacio@inifap.gob. mx.
Inter-annual variation in adult demography, but no sex bias in a large lowland population of the threatened Clouded Apollo Parnassius mnemosyne butterfly

Abstract The Clouded Apollo, Parnassius mnemosyne is a charismatic West Palaearctic butterfly, threatened in some European countries and listed in Appendix IV of the Habitats’ Directive. We investigated a large lowland population of the species inhabiting a complex of irregularly coppiced light forest and adjacent wet meadows in the anthropogenic landscape in the valley of the Narew river in NE Poland. A mark-release-recapture (MRR) method was used over 4 years to estimate population size, adult catchability, daily survival and lifespan. The beginning and length of the flight period (which lasted 4–6 weeks) differed over the years and was clearly related to weather conditions (temperature, sunshine) in April, i.e. the most important period for larval development. The seasonal population size varied from 555 to 942 adults. In contrast to some previous studies, the sex ratio turned out to be well balanced, although the catchability of males was significantly higher than that of females in each year. The quality of the wings deteriorated during the season in both sexes, but it was generally better in the case of females, which indicates that they are less active. Inter-seasonal variation in the lifespan (6.36–12.45 days) is more difficult to interpret, but it is worth noting that individuals lived the longest in the coldest and least sunlit flight period. The temporal fragmentation index (i.e. the ratio of flight-period length to adult lifespan) also varied (3.37–5.97) but was generally relatively low, which suggests that there is no threat of reduction of the effective population size at the moment. Nevertheless, the investigated population may be at risk of decline due to the observed intensification of meadow use and especially the possible conversion of grasslands into cornfields.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Tumor-Stroma Ratio on Early-Stage Cervix Carcinoma: Prognostic Value of Two Distinct Morphological Patterns of Microenvironment

Background Tumor progression is influenced by the complex network of different cellular elements that make up its microenvironment. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and stroma characteristics reflect two faces of the intricate mechanisms involved in the tumor-host interaction and can be easily evaluated by routine histological examination. Their prognostic value could be demonstrated in different tumor tumor types, but they are poorly explored in cervical cancer. Methodology In this retrospective study, we analyzed the association of TILs, tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), and pattern of stromal fibroblasts with prognosis and classical clinicopathological variables. We studied 61 patients with early-stage cervical cancer. We reviewed histological type, tumor grade, Silva pattern of invasion for adenocarcinomas, tumor thickness, depth of stromal invasion, lymph vascular space invasion, and lymph node status. The median follow-up was 37.77 months (range 4.77 to 112.37 months). Results The TSR did not correlate with any clinicopathological features or disease-free and overall survival. On the other hand, the reactive pattern of stroma composed of larger fibroblasts and less collagenization was associated with the FIGO IB2 stage (p=0.04), larger tumor (p=0.03), and deeper infiltration (p=0.005). There were more recurrences in the group of reactive stroma (33.13% vs. 11.5%), although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Reactive stroma was associated with lower survival free of recurrence (p=0.05) and overall survival (p=0.009). High TILs were associated with squamous cell type (p=0.003), higher tumor grade (p=0.02), and more LVSI (p=0.02). Tumors with higher TILs presented higher free recurrence interval (p=0.06) and overall survival (p=0.03). No association was observed between stroma characteristics and TILs. Conclusions Our study suggested that although immune activation and stromal changes are important features of microenvironment remodeling during tumoral progression, they are independent, following distinct carcinogenetic pathways. Pathological assessment of stroma characteristics and TILs adds significant prognostic information and demonstrates how a simple routine laboratory assessment can generate a better understanding of biological phenomena.