Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iron Status and Physical Performance in Athletes

Iron is an important mineral in the body, essential for muscle function and oxygen transport. Adequate levels of iron in the blood are necessary for athletes, as iron-deficiency anemia can reduce physical performance. Several studies have investigated iron status and supplementation in iron-deficient athletes, and determined how physical strain can change iron balance and markers related to iron status. The question of how to influence and optimize iron status, as well as other markers that can affect iron metabolism, has been less thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the aim of this review is to take a closer look at the importance of iron values, iron markers, and factors that can change iron metabolism for physical performance and the extent to which physical performance can be influenced in a positive or negative way. A systematic search of the PubMed database was performed, with the use of « iron» or «iron deficiency» or «hemoglobin» AND «athletes» AND «athletic performance» as a strategy of the search. After the search, 11 articles were included in the review after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Major findings include that iron supplementation had the best effect in athletes with the lowest iron status, and effects on physical performance were mostly achieved in those who were originally in a deficit. Iron supplementation could be beneficial for optimal erythropoietic response during altitude training, even in athletes with normal iron stores at baseline, but should be performed with caution. Alteration of the hepcidin response can affect the use of existing iron stores for erythropoiesis. Energy intake, and the amount of carbohydrates available, may have an impact on the post-exercise hepcidin response. Optimal vitamin D and B12 levels can possibly contribute to improved iron status and, hence, the avoidance of anemia.
The Initiation of Modern “Soft Snowball” and “Hard Snowball” Climates in CCSM3. Part II: Climate Dynamic Feedbacks

This study investigates the climate dynamic feedbacks during a transition from the present climate to the extremely cold climate of a ‘‘Snowball Earth’’ using the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3). With the land‐sea distributionfixed to modern, it is found that by reducing solar luminosity and/or carbon dioxide concentration: 1) the amount of atmospheric water vapor and its attendant greenhouse effect decrease with the logarithm of sea ice cover, thereby promoting the expansion of sea ice; 2) over the sea ice, the cloud radiative feedback is positive, thus enhancing sea ice advance; over the ocean, the cloud radiative feedback is first negative and then becomes positive as sea ice enters the tropics; and 3) the strength of the atmospheric Hadley cell and the wind-driven ocean circulation increases significantly in the Southern Hemisphere, inhibiting the expansion of sea ice into the tropics. Meanwhile, the North Atlantic Deep Water cell disappears and the Antarctic Bottom Water cell strengthens and expands to occupy almost the entire Atlantic basin. In the experiment with 6% less solar radiation and 70 ppmv CO2 compared to the control experiment with 100% solar radiation and 355 ppmv CO2 near the ice edge (288S latitude), the changes of solar radiation, CO2 forcing, water vapor greenhouse effect, longwave cloud forcing at the top of the model, and atmospheric and oceanic energy transport are 222.4, 26.2, 254.4, 16.2, and 116.3 W m 22 , respectively. Therefore, the major controlling factors in producing global ice cover are ice albedo feedback (Yang et al., Part I) and water vapor feedback.
New K-Ar ages from La Montagne massif, Réunion Island (Indian Ocean), supporting two geomagnetic events in the time period 2.2–2.0 Ma

We present new radiometric ages obtained at the type locality in La Reunion Island where palaeomagnetic records of the Reunion events have first been identified. Seven dated lava flows from the Riviere Saint Denis section, which recorded a reverse-to-normal transition, display ages from 2.12 ± 0.03 to 2.17 ± 0.03 Ma, with a mean age of 2.15 ± 0.02 Ma. Two significantly younger flows from this section, interpreted here as valley fill flows from trace elements compositions and Pb isotopic data, have been dated at 2.06 ± 0.03 and 2.08 ± 0.03 Ma. Within the Grande Chaloupe section, where a normal-to-reverse transition is recorded, two coherent ages of 2.05 ± 0.03 and 2.03 ± 0.03 Ma have been obtained. When a direct comparison was possible, our new K-Ar ages performed on separated groundmass show a rather good coherence with previous ages from La Reunion Island. When considered with continuous palaeomagnetic sedimentary records in the 2.2-2.0 Ma interval, these new results suggest that two distinct events are recorded in La Montagne lava flows at La Reunion Island, with ages of 2.15 ± 0.02 and 2.04 ± 0.02 Ma. Following recent nomenclature, the former is the Reunion event s.s. , while the latter can be related to the Huckleberry Ridge event. Globally distributed volcanic and sedimentary records show that the first (Reunion s.s.; RU-1) is associated with a large dipole intensity decrease at 2.15 ± 0.02 Ma, and hence is recorded in many sequences. On the other hand, the dipole intensity decrease was not as pronounced at 2.04 ± 0.02 Ma, when the Huckleberry Ridge (RU-2) palaeomagnetic event occurred. Consequently, it is not present as a full directional change in many sections worldwide, but rather appears as a geomagnetic excursion during an episode of increased secular variation. Finally, the use of the Reunion event for magnetostratigraphic studies is recommended, while the clear identification of the Huckleberry Ridge excursion might often be difficult, preventing its use as a reliable time marker.
Notes on the stratigraphy, extent and tectonic implications of the Minkinfjellet Basin, Middle Carboniferous of central Spitsbergen

A part of the Carboniferous basin stratigraphy, the clastic to carbonaceous Minkinfjellet “Member” of the Nordenskioldbreen Formation in Central Spitsbergen, is deposited in an asymmetric basin structure (here referred to as the Minkinfjellet Basin), similar to the underlying Ebbadalen Formation. The western boundary -situated within the Billcfjorden Fault Zone -has probably been a little farther east than during deposition of the Ebbadalen strata. The thickness attains ca. 350 m in central parts of the basin, and the strata strongly attenuates to the east and south. The base and top are interpreted as low-angle stratigraphical unconformities. The boundary with the overlying Cadcllfjellet Member of the Nordenskioldbreen Formation is locally disrupted by carbonate breccias of suggested earthquake origin. Formation rank is suggested for the sedimentary succession of the Minkinfjellet basin.
The effect of moonlight on observation of cloud cover at night, and application to cloud climatology

Abstract Visual observations of cloud cover are hindered at night due to inadequate illumination of the clouds. This usually leads to an underestimation of the average cloud cover at night, especially for the amounts of middle and high clouds, in climatologies based on surface observations. The diurnal cycles of cloud amounts, if based on all the surface observations, are therefore in error, but they can be obtained more accurately if the nighttime observations are screened to select those made under sufficient moonlight. Ten years of nighttime weather observations from the Northern Hemisphere in December were classified according to the illuminance of moonlight or twilight on the cloud tops, and a threshold level of illuminance was determined, above which the clouds are apparently detected adequately. This threshold corresponds to light from a full moon at an elevation angle of 6°, light from a partial moon at higher elevation, or twilight from the sun less than 9° below the horizon. It permits the use o.
Screening History and 7-Year Survival in 32,099 Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Background It is unclear whether colorectal cancer screening history, regardless of stage, is an independent predictor of survival, and if the screening advantage persists after diagnosis. 32 099 patients with colorectal cancer were enrolled in this population-based cohort study. Methods We used data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry on patients with a first-time diagnosis of colorectal cancer between 2013 and 2015. In addition, we utilized data from a nationwide database of colorectal cancer screening programs to evaluate patients’ screening histories, and sourced outcome data from the National Death Registry, tracking patients up to the last day of 2019. Results Compared with fecal immunochemical testing (FIT)-positive patients with a follow-up examination, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for death from colorectal cancer were 1.40 (1.26–1.56) for FIT-positive patients without a follow-up examination, 1.63 (1.48–1.78) for FIT-negative patients, and 1.76 (1.65–1.89) for never screened patients. The adjusted hazard ratios for the FIT-positive patients with a follow-up examination increased when diagnosis was delayed by more than 12 months and were 1.2 after a 2-year delay. The adjusted hazard ratios for FIT-negative patients were approximately 2.0, decreased rapidly to 1.6, and stabilized after the 9th time-to-diagnosis month. Conclusion In colorectal cancer patients, screening history prior to diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor, regardless of cancer stage or other variables. This study recommends that physicians take screening history into account during diagnosis to optimize follow-up and management for patients at higher risk.
Sediment transport along lower Fraser River: 1. Measurements and hydraulic computations

A comprehensive program of sediment transport measurements was conducted along lower Fraser River, British Columbia, between 1966 and 1986. The data yield a detailed sediment budget. Annual total suspended loads at three stations are virtually identical, averaging 17 × 106 tonnes/year (t yr−1). The suspended sand load is about 5.5 × 106 t yr−1, about one third of the total. In the gravel bed reach of the river the sand behaves as wash load. Significant transport of gravel begins at Agassiz at a discharge of about 5000 m3 s−1. The annual gravel transport was estimated to be about 0.23 × 106 t yr−1, only 1% of the total load. All of this material is deposited in the reach upstream of Mission. At Mission, sands finer than 0.177 mm make up more than 50% of the suspended sand load but are virtually absent from the sand bed. Therefore a portion of the sand load at Mission is wash load. The total bed material load here was estimated to be 3.0 × 106 t yr−1, about 18% of the total sediment load. Virtually all of the bed material load was transported in intermittent suspension near the bed, less than 5% occurring as bed load. In the long term the suspended sand load upstream is approximately equal to the total sand load at Mission. However, within individual years some of the sand is stored within the reach temporarily and then reentrained later.
Measurements of charged precipitation in a New Mexico thunderstorm: lower positive charge centers

We designed an instrument to measure the charge and vertical velocity of individual precipitation particles inside thunderclouds. A balloon carried the particle charge instrument, an electric field meter, and a standard meteorological radiosonde upward into thunderclouds over Langmuir Laboratory in central New Mexico. During one balloon flight the instruments encountered two regions of positive charge below the main negative charge center. We identify these positive regions with the lower positive charge centers that have been described in the literature for many years. We find the following points: (1) One region had an estimated total charge of 0.4 C. The other had 2 C. (2) The charge resided on precipitation particles. The particles' charges typically ranged between 10 and 200 pC, but a few particles had charges up to 400 pC. Their diameters lay between an estimated 1–3 mm. The charges were too large to be explained by the polarization induction mechanism. We favor the hypothesis that lightning provided the positive charge in the lower positive charge centers. (3) The motion of the lower positive charge centers enhanced the electrical energy of the storm, but their contribution to the overall electrical budget was small. (4) The field excursions (at the ground) associated with precipitation (FEAWPs) described by C. B. Moore and B. Vonnegut are probably caused by lower positive charge centers descending on precipitation. The larger (2 C) lower positive charge center caused a FEAWP. Negatively charged precipitation particles passed through our instrument near the top of its trajectory just before the balloon was struck by lightning. The charge density on precipitation particles was substantial, but we do not have enough information to comment on the role the particles may have had in generating the main region of negative charge.
A comparison of observations and model simulations of tropospheric water vapor

Observations of tropospheric specific humidity from radiosondes for the period 1973–1986 are compared with simulated specific humidity fields from a University of Hamburg version of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting General Circulation Model (GCM), forced by observed sea surface temperatures. The mean January and July fields are shown to be in good agreement, despite the much poorer resolution of the radiosonde network used. Temporal and spatial variations of specific humidity are examined through empirical orthogonal function analysis of tropical data. The first mode of variability of the data was similar to that of the model simulations and shows evidence of a coherent, decadal-scale variation in tropospheric moisture content. The overall agreement between the model and the data, while not complete, suggests that long-term mean patterns and decadal variations in moisture, as delineated by a sparse data network, are reasonably well simulated. More comprehensive comparisons of tropospheric moisture data with GCM simulations from different models are suggested.
Luminescence dating of Pleistocene alluvial sediments affected by the Alhama de Murcia fault (eastern Betics, Spain) – a comparison between OSL, IRSL and post‐IR IRSL ages

The ages of nine alluvial units, identified by the integration of data obtained from five trenches at the southern termination of the Alhama de Murcia Fault (AMF) (eastern Betics, Spain), are constrained using luminescence dating based on the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) from quartz, Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) at 50°C, and post‐IR elevated temperature (225°C) IRSL signals from K‐feldspar. All signals pass the routine tests associated with the Single Aliquot Regenerative (SAR) protocol, including the recycling ratio, recuperation, and dose recovery tests. The equivalent doses (De), residual doses and anomalous fading rates (‘g’‐values) of the IRSL at 50°C (IR50) and post‐IR IRSL at 225°C (pIRIR225) from K‐feldspar are compared for 16 samples. The residual doses in laboratory‐bleached samples suggest that there is no significant unbleachable residual dose using these signals; the residual doses are 0.17±0.15 Gy and 0.93±0.80 Gy, respectively. For both signals, the residual doses appear to depend on the corresponding natural doses; that is, the larger the natural doses, the larger the residuals, an observation made for the first time for IRSL signals. The average fading rate for the pIRIR225 (0.94±0.07%/decade, n = 48) is markedly lower than that for IR50 (2.08±0.16%/decade, n = 48), indicating that the age correction for the pIRIR225 is much smaller than that for IR50. The agreement between the quartz OSL, corrected IR50, and corrected pIRIR225 for the two youngest samples suggests that the pIRIR225 is an accurate dating signal in this age range (<25 ka). The oldest age obtained using the corrected pIRIR225 signal is 320±20 ka for sample 098807; the corrected IR50 age is only 154±15 ka. Although this suggests that the pIRIR225 signal circumvents the effect of anomalous fading to a great extent, the resulting age cannot be regarded as necessarily accurate because of the limitations of the fading correction model used, and the absence of independent age control for the old samples. Nevertheless, our luminescence ages provide the first age constraints on the seismic activity of the southern termination of the AMF.
Interdecadal variations of characteristics of monsoon disturbances and their epochal relationships with rainfall and other tropical features

Interdecadal variations of some characteristics (number and duration) of different monsoon disturbances (low pressure areas (lows), depressions and cyclonic storms (CS)) over the Indian region are studied for 110 years (1889–1998) to find whether an epochal variation exists in such main synoptic components of the Indian summer monsoon at the decadal time scale, similar to other long‐term interdecadal variations of tropical features, e.g. Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR), El Niño–Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), sub‐tropical ridge (STR) over India, Northern Hemispheric surface temperature (NHST), etc. As ISMR has alternate epochs of below and above normal phases at the broad time scale of 30 years, variations of these features are also examined according to the two epochs of ISMR. The stability of correlation of monsoon disturbance days with ISMR is also examined for the same 30‐year time scale for 1889–1998. Stability of relationships of other tropical features and monsoon disturbance days with ISMR is also examined, based on their 11‐year moving correlation coefficients (CC).
Pulmonary Function Assessment in Myasthenia Gravis Patients in a National Referral Hospital in Indonesia

Purpose Myasthenia gravis (MG) can cause respiratory muscle weakness and the need of ventilator support. Spirometry as the gold standard for pulmonary function examination has limited availability, especially in our hospital which is only available in outpatient clinic during work hours (not in emergency room or patient room). Furthermore, all primary healthcare in Indonesia do not have spirometry equipment, thus other alternatives are required. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between a single breath counting test (SBCT), peak flow meter (PFM), and spirometry to assess pulmonary function in MG patients in a national referral hospital in Indonesia. Patients and Methods A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted and SBCT, PFM, and spirometry examination were performed in MG patients and healthy controls. Results Seventy patients, aged 47.7 ± 13.4 years old, participated in this study. SBCT, forced vital capacity first second (FVC1), and forced expiratory volume first second (FEV1) value between MG patients and healthy controls showed a significant difference, in which healthy controls have higher SBCT, FVC1, and FEV1 values (p = 0.000, p = 0.000 and p = 0.001 respectively). There was a significant difference between PFM with SBCT and FVC1 value in MG patients. Strong correlation was found between SBCT and FVC1 in MG patients. Conclusion MG patients had worse pulmonary function compared to healthy controls. SBCT and PFM examination have a significant correlation with FVC1 in MG patients. Therefore, SBCT and PFM can be used as a bedside tool to detect respiratory impairment in MG patients.
Acute Effect of Night Shift Work on Endothelial Function with and without Naps: A Scoping Review

We examined the breadth and depth of the current evidence investigating napping/sleeping during night shift work and its impact on non-invasive measures of endothelial function. We used a scoping review study design and searched five databases: Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Ovid APA PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection, and EBSCO CINAHL. We limited our search to English language and publications from January 1980 to September 2022. Our reporting adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guidance for scoping reviews. Our search strategy yielded 1949 records (titles and abstracts) after deduplication, of which 36 were retained for full-text review. Five articles were retained, describing three observational and two experimental research studies with a total sample of 110 individuals, which examined the non-invasive indicators of endothelial function in relation to the exposure to night shift work. While there is some evidence of an effect of night shift work on the non-invasive indicators of endothelial function, this evidence is incomplete, limited to a small samples of shift workers, and is mostly restricted to one measurement technique for assessing endothelial function with diverse protocols. In addition, there is no identifiable research investigating the potential benefits of napping during night shift work on non-invasive measures of endothelial function.
A comparison of intra and postoperative analgesic effects of sacrococcygeal and lumbosacral epidural levobupivacaine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

The aim of this study was to compare the intra and postoperative analgesic effects of sacrococcygeal epidural levobupivacaine with those of lumbosacral levobupivacaine in feline ovariohysterectomy. Thirty-six cats were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and meperidine (6 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. The cats were randomly assigned one of the three treatments receiving 0.33% levobupivacaine (0.3 mL/kg) into the sacrococcygeal (S-C group, n=12) or lumbosacral (L-S group, n=12) epidural space, or the same volume of 0.9% saline solution into one of the epidural approaches (Control group, n=12). Intraoperatively, cardiorespiratory variables, end-tidal isoflurane concentration (FE´ISO), and fentanyl requirements were recorded. Postoperative pain was assessed by the UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista)-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale and the Glasgow feline composite measure pain scale up to 8 hr post-extubation. Morphine was administered as rescue analgesia. Overall FE´ISO and fentanyl requirements were lower in the L-S and S-C compared to the Control (P=0.002–0.048, respectively). There was no significant difference in the cardiorespiratory variables during anesthesia, postoperative pain and rescue analgesia among groups. The time to standing after anesthesia was prolonged in the L-S and S-C groups than in the Control (P<0.001). Lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal epidural levobupivacaine resulted in similar decreases in isoflurane requirements and intraoperative fentanyl supplementation in the cats, with no postoperative benefits.
Modeling Jupiter’s magnetospheric currents using Pioneer data: Evidence for a low‐latitude cusp

The Jovian magnetospheric field measured by Pioneer 10 and 11 can be well modeled by a combination of current systems composing an azimuthally symmetric current disk, a dusk-dawn current sheet in both the dayside and the nightside magnetosphere, and an image dipole to represent the effects of currents on the magnetopause. The inclusion of a dusk-dawn current sheet in the dayside magnetosphere allows observations obtained both inbound and outbound to be simultaneously fit by an azimuthally symmetric current disk (i.e., without the need for local time dependent current densities). Similar disk current intensities are found to describe both Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 encounters. During the Pioneer 10 inbound passage the magnetopause was rapidly pushed inside the spacecraft position by a solar wind compression event. The changes that occurred in the magnetospheric field at this time can be described by relatively simple changes in the model parameters. The most striking feature of the models is that they suggest that the Jovian cusp is at much lower latitudes than is the case with the earth's magnetosphere.