Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases on Treatment Outcomes and Radiation Toxicities in Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A Matched Case-Control Analysis

Simple Summary Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has become the standard treatment for inoperable early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study explored the relationship between systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) and SBRT in patients with stage I NSCLC, while eliminating the effects of clinical staging, irradiation techniques, and combination therapies. Our findings indicated that compared to controls, patients with NSCLC and SADs experience poorer prognosis, but an equal incidence rate of radiation pneumonitis, after SBRT. Therefore, we suggest that SBRT should be considered a radical treatment in patients with stage I NSCLC accompanying SADs; however, practitioners must keep the associated poor prognosis in mind. Abstract We aimed to evaluate the impact of systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) on treatment outcomes and radiation toxicities following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We queried an institution-based database on patients with SADs treated with SBRT for lung cancer between 2001 and 2016 (SAD group). Each patient was matched to three controls without SADs. The primary outcomes of interest were the overall survival (OS) and local control rate (LCR). The secondary outcomes were radiation toxicities of grades ≥2 (≥G2). Twelve patients with SADs were matched to 36 controls. The median follow-up duration was 3.6 years. There was a significant intergroup difference in the OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.11, 95% confidence incidence [CI]: 1.82–9.27, p < 0.001) and LCR (HR: 15.97, 95% CI: 2.89–88.29, p < 0.001). However, there were no significant intergroup differences in the odds of acute (odds ratio [OR]: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.02–8.91, p = 0.550) and late (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 0.32–15.10, p = 0.422) ≥G2 radiation pneumonitis. No other ≥G2 toxicities were identified. In conclusion, although radiation toxicities are not enhanced by SADs, SADs are risk factors of poor prognosis following SBRT for stage I NSCLC.
Electrode Configuration Effect on the Performance of a Two-Dimensional Magnetoplasmadynamic Arcjet

Thrust performance and internal plasma flowfield of a 1-MW class self-field magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) arcjet were measured to evaluate their dependence on the cross-sectional geometry of the electrodes. A multichannel two-dimensional MPD arcjet in quasisteady operation was used to visualize the two-dimensional flowfield and reveal the correlation between the internal flowfield and the thrust performance. The experimental results for six different electrode configurations show that the thrust performance strongly depends on the thruster chamber cross-sectional geometries for the 7sp range of interest, 1000-3000 s. The cathode length determined the engine performance, regardless of the anode geometry. In particular, the convergent-divergent anode with a short cathode showed the best performance. The superior acceleration mechanism of the short cathode was explained on the basis of two-dimension al plasma distributions such as discharge current contours and plasma density obtained by Mach-Zehnder interferometry. A dense plasma region near the tip of the short cathode was observed and subsequent expansion guided by the diverging nozzle can enhance aerodynamic acceleration, which contributes to large thrust generation.
Recombinant Spider Silk Fiber with High Dimensional Stability in Water and Its NMR Characterization

Spider dragline silk has unique characteristics of strength and extensibility, including supercontraction. When we use it as a biomaterial or material for textiles, it is important to suppress the effect of water on the fiber by as much as possible in order to maintain dimensional stability. In order to produce spider silk with a highly hydrophobic character, based on the sequence of ADF-3 silk, we produced recombinant silk (RSSP(VLI)) where all QQ sequences were replaced by VL, while single Q was replaced by I. The artificial RSSP(VLI) fiber was prepared using formic acid as the spinning solvent and methanol as the coagulant solvent. The dimensional stability and water absorption experiments of the fiber were performed for eight kinds of silk fiber. RSSP(VLI) fiber showed high dimensional stability, which is suitable for textiles. A remarkable decrease in the motion of the fiber in water was made evident by 13C solid-state NMR. This study using 13C solid-state NMR is the first trial to put spider silk to practical use and provide information regarding the molecular design of new recombinant spider silk materials with high dimensional stability in water, allowing recombinant spider silk proteins to be used in next-generation biomaterials and materials for textiles.
A Convective Cell in a Hurricane Rainband

Abstract On 10 October 1983 the two NOAA WP-3D aircraft completed a mission designed to provide airborne Doppler radar data for a convective cell embedded in a weak rainband on the trailing side of Hurricane Raymond. Comparisons of the wind field produced from the pseudo-dual-Doppler radar technique with in situ wind measurements suggest that the larger convective-scale feature may be resolved if the sampling time is kept to a minimum. The convective cell was found to move downband faster than any environmental winds but slightly slower than the winds found in the reflectivity core that delineates the cell. In the core of the cell the tangential wind is increased and the radial inflow turns to outflow with respect to the circulation center. The flow field demonstrates that the downband stratiform portion of a rainband is not from cells currently active since the updraft detrains upwind relative to the cell but rather it is due to the fallout from ice particles placed into the upper troposphere by clouds t.
The Effect of Potential Gradient on the Charge Separation During Interactions of Snow Crystals with an Ice Sphere

Abstract Charge separation which occurs when polarized ice particles collide in a potential gradient has been found to be an extremely important charge generating mechanism. The fair weather potential gradient is sufficient to initiate considerable charge separation (3 × 10−5 esu per collision). Then positive feedback effects inherent in this polarization charging mechanism can readily explain the strong charging found in glaciated clouds or thunderclouds in general. This theoretical prediction is well corroborated by the present experimental results obtained during simulated experiments in the field with potential gradients <5000 V m−1. However, higher potential gradients produced even more charge than predicted by theory. Also shown are distributions of the original charges carried by the ice particles, the charges transferred to the ice sphere, and the charges carried off after separation. The distributions also support the theory of polarization charging which predicts charging in proportion to the sq.
Investigation of Educational Mathematics Mobile Applications (EMMAs) with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods: A TOPSIS Algorithm Implementation

The number and variety of educational mathematics mobile applications (EMMAs) make it difficult to select mobile applications for mathematics learning and teaching. Therefore, in this study, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, which are effectively used in a wide variety of disciplines, were applied to choose among alternative applications according to specified criteria. In this context, it was aimed to determine which of the 13 considered EMMAs that work on Android-based tools and were proposed by experts according to certain features were most effective with the help of the TOPSIS algorithm, one of the popular MCDM methods. The results obtained from an evaluation using 10 criteria (4 evaluator-independent, 6 evaluator-dependent) were analysed with MATLAB. As a result, the Desmos: Graphing Calculator application was found to rank first among the 13 EMMAs in order of importance. Considering the results obtained, it can be said that the use of MCDM techniques in such decision problems can facilitate the work of decision-makers.
A Large-Scale High-Throughput Screen for Modulators of SERCA Activity

The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA) is a P-type ion pump that transports Ca2+ from the cytosol into the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) in most mammalian cells. It is critically important in muscle, facilitating relaxation and enabling subsequent contraction. Increasing SERCA expression or specific activity can alleviate muscle dysfunction, most notably in the heart, and we seek to develop small-molecule drug candidates that activate SERCA. Therefore, we adapted an NADH-coupled assay, measuring Ca-dependent ATPase activity of SERCA, to high-throughput screening (HTS) format, and screened a 46,000-compound library of diverse chemical scaffolds. This HTS platform yielded numerous hits that reproducibly alter SERCA Ca-ATPase activity, with few false positives. The top 19 activating hits were further tested for effects on both Ca-ATPase and Ca2+ transport, in both cardiac and skeletal SR. Nearly all hits increased Ca2+ uptake in both cardiac and skeletal SR, with some showing isoform specificity. Furthermore, dual analysis of both activities identified compounds with a range of effects on Ca2+-uptake and ATPase, which fit into distinct classifications. Further study will be needed to identify which classifications are best suited for therapeutic use. These results reinforce the need for robust secondary assays and criteria for selection of lead compounds, before undergoing HTS on a larger scale.
A Battery Modeling Technique Based on Fusion of Hybrid and Adaptive Algorithms for Real-Time Applications in Pure EVs

Battery management systems in electric/hybrid vehicles are entirely based on accurate and reliable state estimation techniques. Consideration of combined effects of temperature, internal resistance rise, and capacity loss is essential to accurately estimate the current state of charge (SOC) of the battery. Most of the existing algorithms fail to capture the combined effects of the aforementioned variables. Moreover, an analysis of the inter-dependencies between the states and parameters related to the driving conditions is required. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce a hybrid and adaptive method of SOC estimation which captures the effects of initial SOC deviation and changes in SOC due to loss in capacity and rise in internal resistance. Modeling parameters related to the change in SOC, temperature, and capacity loss are continuously updated for the implemented battery model, whereby the equivalent circuit can be tuned to recent state of the battery. Simulation results are verified with experimental data from literature to prove the efficiency of the approach in terms of real-time applicability and accuracy.
When Chinese Employees Speak Up: The Experience of Organizational Trust and Authenticity Enhances Employees’ Voice Behavior

Voice behavior is important for innovation, mistake prevention and organizational performance. Because organizational trust increases employees’ possibility of disclosing their real inner ideas, we examined the relationships between organizational trust and voice behavior, focusing especially on the avenue of impelling people to feel a higher level of authenticity. We used multiple methods to analyze the relationship. First, we used two separate surveys (Studies 1a and 1b) with different questionnaires and populations to analyze the mediation relationship and generalize the results. Then, to test the causal path, an experiment (Study 2a) in which organizational trust was manipulated was designed. The results showed that employees’ authenticity mediated the relation between organizational trust and voice behavior. To further test the causal effect of authenticity in the above mediation, authenticity was manipulated in another experiment (Study 2b). The results illustrated that higher levels of authenticity directly led to higher levels of voice behavior. These results support the hypothesis and expound on the psychological mechanism of how organizational trust increases voice behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
A RoBERTa Approach for Automated Processing of Sustainability Reports

There is a strong need and demand from the United Nations, public institutions, and the private sector for classifying government publications, policy briefs, academic literature, and corporate social responsibility reports according to their relevance to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is well understood that the SDGs play a major role in the strategic objectives of various entities. However, linking projects and activities to the SDGs has not always been straightforward or possible with existing methodologies. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques offer a new avenue to identify linkages for SDGs from text data. This research examines various machine learning approaches optimized for NLP-based text classification tasks for their success in classifying reports according to their relevance to the SDGs. Extensive experiments have been performed with the recently released Open Source SDG (OSDG) Community Dataset, which contains texts with their related SDG label as validated by community volunteers. Results demonstrate that especially fine-tuned RoBERTa achieves very high performance in the attempted task, which is promising for automated processing of large collections of sustainability reports for detection of relevance to SDGs.
Study of Ice Crystal Orientation in Cirrus Clouds Based on Satellite Polarized Radiance Measurements

The goal of this paper is to retrieve information about ice particle orientation in cirrus clouds. This is achieved by comparing simulations of sunlight reflection on a cirrus cloud with measurements of polarized radiances from the spaceborne instrument Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectance (POLDER-1) on Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-1 (ADEOS-1). Results show that horizontal orientation of crystals can be spotted by the presence of a local maximum of polarized radiance in the direction of specular reflection. The angular width of the local maximum is shown to contain information on the particle maximum deviation angle, while the maximum intensity can provide information on particle shape and relative concentrations of ice crystals, horizontally and randomly oriented. The study of 31 ice cloud cases show that in 80% of them, the deviation angle is less than 38. Also, the relative concentration of horizontally oriented crystals is less than 21%, depending on the angular distribution used for crystal deviation.
Numerical Study on Viscous Shear Flow past a Circular Cylinder

Numerical solutions of the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are presented for a two-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder immersed in a uniform shear flow. Several values of the shear parameter K defined as Ga/U∞ is the oncoming velocity at the center of the cylinder. The Reynolds number Re based on 2a and U∞ is assumed to be 40 and 80. Although a pair of steady standing vortices is formed in a uniform flow when Re=40, it is found that a periodic vortex shedding occurs at the same Reynolds number in the case of a shear flow with a shear parameter K=0.2, however, the vortex shedding is suppressed even in the case of a shear flow revealing a clearly asymmetric flow pattern with respect to the geometrical center line of the cylinder. The same tendency is also observed in the flow of the Reynolds number Re=80. The time-averaged lift force acts in the direction towards the high-velocity side of the shear flow and its magnitude is approximately proportional to the shear parameter.
Parsers and Grammars: A Tutorial Overview from the Linguistics Building

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the relationship between grammars and processing systems in light of the various forms of experimental research (especially of an electrophysiological nature) that has been conducted in the last fifteen years or so. First, the notion of ‘processing strategy’ or ‘heuristics processing’ is considered followed by a discussion of structures of great morphosyntactic complexity that parsing systems seem to tackle by simply respecting complex grammatical laws, instead of by resorting to shortcuts. Then, grammatical illusions and what these can teach us about the processing of grammar are considered. It is argued that illusions allow us to discern a few explanatory principles that may redefine the way we see parser–grammar relations. Among these is the idea that how long illusions last in the online-to-offline transition depends in part on their ‘templatability’, that is, the ease with which they become gestaltic templates. Another key idea is that some apparent illusions are in fact nothing more than grammar contemplated at work as in slow motion.
Rigorous results for the N K model

Motivated by the problem of the evolution of DNA sequences, Kauffman and Levin introduced a model in which fitnesses were assigned to strings of 0's and 1's of length N based on the values observed in a sliding window of length K + 1. When K ≥ 1, the landscape is quite complicated with many local maxima. Its properties have been extensively investigated by simulation but until our work and the independent investigations of Evans and Steinsaltz little was known rigorously about its properties except in the case K = N - 1. Here, we prove results about the number of local maxima, their heights and the height of the global maximum. Our main tool is the theory of (substochastic) Harris chains.
Disease Latency according to Asbestos Exposure Characteristics among Malignant Mesothelioma and Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer Cases in South Korea

Korea was one of the major consumers of asbestos in the late 1900s, and asbestos-related disease patients have been reported continuously to date, owing to long disease latency. Several studies have been conducted to predict the future incidence of malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer in Korea, but little is understood about the latency time. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate the latency period of malignant mesothelioma and asbestos-related lung cancer in Korea and its determinants. We obtained information from the Environmental Health Centers for Asbestos in Korea on the history of asbestos exposure and demographic characteristics of 1933 patients with malignant mesothelioma and asbestos-related lung cancer. In our study, the latency periods for malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer were 33.7 and 40.1 years, respectively. Regardless of the disease type, those with a history of exposure related to the production of asbestos-containing products or asbestos factories had the shortest latency period. In addition, we observed that those who worked in or lived near asbestos mines tended to have a relatively long disease latency. Smoking was associated with shorter latency, but no linear relationship between the lifetime smoking amount (expressed in pack years) and latent time was observed. In addition, the age of initial exposure showed a negative linear association with the latency period for mesothelioma and lung cancer.
Verification of precipitable water vapour in high‐resolution WRF simulations over a mountainous archipelago

In this work, precipitable water vapour (PWV), its diurnal variability and water vapour vertical profiles have been obtained from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations. The PWV simulated values have been validated using observations from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for three locations in an orographically complex region, the Canary Islands archipelago, while the vertical water vapour profiles have been compared with radiosonde data available for this region. Initial and boundary conditions for simulations are given by National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global models: FNL (Global Final Analysis) and GFS (Global Forecast System). Several parametrizations and assumptions, related to cloud microphysics, boundary‐layer and land surface models, number of vertical levels, moisture transport and 3D nudging techniques, have been applied to evaluate the sensitivity of the WRF results. In general, a good agreement between WRF and GNSS data was obtained, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.95 and centred root mean square differences about 2 mm. Furthermore, for PWV and water vapour vertical distribution, no appreciable differences were observed between the different experiments carried out, since the main contribution to water vapour in a region with small land coverage comes from the large‐scale processes, which are reasonably represented when analysis data are used as the forcing boundary conditions of the model. The ability of the WRF simulations to reproduce the PWV diurnal cycle was also verified. Additionally, the skills of the WRF simulations to determine PWV were evaluated for different nudging strategies when 48 h forecast simulations were performed; these showed insignificant differences.
Sensors and Techniques for On-Line Determination of Cell Viability in Bioprocess Monitoring

In recent years, the bioprocessing industry has experienced significant growth and is increasingly emerging as an important economic sector. Here, efficient process management and constant control of cellular growth are essential. Good product quality and yield can only be guaranteed with high cell density and high viability. Whereas the on-line measurement of physical and chemical process parameters has been common practice for many years, the on-line determination of viability remains a challenge and few commercial on-line measurement methods have been developed to date for determining viability in industrial bioprocesses. Thus, numerous studies have recently been conducted to develop sensors for on-line viability estimation, especially in the field of optical spectroscopic sensors, which will be the focus of this review. Spectroscopic sensors are versatile, on-line and mostly non-invasive. Especially in combination with bioinformatic data analysis, they offer great potential for industrial application. Known as soft sensors, they usually enable simultaneous estimation of multiple biological variables besides viability to be obtained from the same set of measurement data. However, the majority of the presented sensors are still in the research stage, and only a few are already commercially available.
A Potential Enstrophy and Energy Conserving Scheme for the Shallow Water Equations

Abstract To improve the simulation of nonlinear aspects of the flow over steep topography, a potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme for the shallow water equations is derived. It is pointed out that a family of schemes can conserve total energy for general flow and potential enstrophy for flow with no mass flux divergence. The newly derived scheme is a unique member of this family, that conserves both potential enstrophy and energy for general flow. Comparison by means of numerical experiment with a scheme that conserves (potential) enstrophy for purely horizontal nondivergent flow demonstrated the considerable superiority of the newly derived potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme, not only in suppressing a spurious energy cascade but also in determining the overall flow regime. The potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme for a spherical grid is also presented.