Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Design of Wideband Transformer-Based Fourth Order Matching Networks for ${E}$ -Band Receivers in 28-nm CMOS

This paper discusses the design of on-chip transformer-based fourth order filters, suitable for mm-Wave highly sensitive broadband low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) and receivers (RXs) implemented in deep-scaled CMOS. Second order effects due to layout parasitics are analyzed and new design techniques are introduced to further enhance the gain-bandwidth product of this class of filters. The design and measurements of a broadband 28-nm bulk CMOS LNA and a sliding-IF RX tailored for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band (i.e., 71–76-GHz and 81–86-GHz) point-to-point communication links are presented. Leveraging the proposed design methodologies, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band LNA achieves a figure of merit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 10.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dB better than state-of-the-art designs in the same band and comparable to LNAs at lower frequencies. The RX achieves 30.8-dB conversion gain with <1-dB in-band ripple over a 27.5-GHz BW<sub>−3-dB</sub> while demonstrating a 7.3-dB minimum NF with less than 2-dB variation from 61.4 to 88.9-GHz. The worst cases in-band ICP<sub>1-dB</sub> and IIP3 are −30.7 and −23.8-dBm, respectively, from a 0.9-V power supply. This wideband state-of-the-art performance enables robust and low power multi-Gb/s wireless communication over short to medium distance over the complete <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band with wide margin.
Interviews : Using the Respondents ʼ Context to Determine the Best Interview Mode

This poster explains reasons for choosing different interview modes. Although many people assume that face-to-face contact is the best, perhaps only, mode for effective interviewing, a substantial body of research suggests otherwise. In particular, components of the respondents’ context-geographical disbursement, privacy, empowerment needs, scheduling, anonymity, fluency, stigmatization, and cultural backgroundaffect which interview modes are more effective. This poster introduces the concept of respondent context, and demonstrates the best uses for different interview modes.
A Transcriptional Switch in the Expression of Yeast Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Genes in Response to a Reduction or Loss of Respiratory Function

ABSTRACT The Hap2,3,4,5p transcription complex is required for expression of many mitochondrial proteins that function in electron transport and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. We show that as the cells’ respiratory function is reduced or eliminated, the expression of four TCA cycle genes, CIT1, ACO1, IDH1, andIDH2, switches from HAP control to control by three genes, RTG1, RTG2, and RTG3. The expression of four additional TCA cycle genes downstream ofIDH1 and IDH2 is independent of theRTG genes. We have previously shown that theRTG genes control the retrograde pathway, defined as a change in the expression of a subset of nuclear genes, e.g., the glyoxylate cycle CIT2 gene, in response to changes in the functional state of mitochondria. We show that thecis-acting sequence controlling RTG-dependent expression of CIT1 includes an R box element, GTCAC, located 70 bp upstream of the Hap2,3,4,5p binding site in theCIT1 upstream activation sequence. The R box is a binding site for Rtg1p-Rtg3p, a heterodimeric, basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper transcription factor complex. We propose that in cells with compromised mitochondrial function, the RTG genes take control of the expression of genes leading to the synthesis of α-ketoglutarate to ensure that sufficient glutamate is available for biosynthetic processes and that increased flux of the glyoxylate cycle, via elevated CIT2 expression, provides a supply of metabolites entering the TCA cycle sufficient to support anabolic pathways. Glutamate is a potent repressor of RTG-dependent expression of genes encoding both mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial proteins, suggesting that it is a specific feedback regulator of the RTG system.
Minimal cost replication of dynamic Web contents under flat update delivery

Dynamic Web contents are generated by running application programs on base data which often change frequently. Geographically replicating the applications that construct these contents (including the programs and the related data they access) is an effective approach to improve their access latency. To maintain the freshness of an object replica, the new version of the object either has to be fetched from remote servers or be reconstructed locally when the origin copy is updated. We present a theoretical study on geographical replication of dynamic Web contents with the objective of minimizing the consistency management costs in terms of update transfers and object reconstruction. The dependencies among dynamic objects and base data are modeled as a directed acyclic graph. We formulate the minimum cost replication problem under a flat framework of update delivery. The problem is solved by first transforming it into a minimum cut problem in a flow network. A polynomial-time algorithm is then proposed to compute the optimal replication strategy which designates where each object should be replicated and how to keep the replicas up-to-date.
An auxiliary user location strategy employing forwarding pointers to reduce network impacts of PCS

We propose an auxiliary strategy, calledper-user forwarding, for locating users who move from place to place while using Personal Communications Services (PCS). The forwarding strategy augments the basic location strategy proposed in existing standards such as GSM and IS-41, with the objective of reducing network signalling and database loads in exchange for increased CPU processing and memory costs. The key observation behind forwarding is that if users change PCS registration areas frequently but receive calls relatively infrequently, it should be possible to avoid registrations at the Home Location Register (HLR) database, by simply setting up a forwarding pointer from the previous Visitor Location Register (VLR). Calls to a given user will first query the user's HLR to determine the first VLR which the user was registered at, and then follow a chain of forwarding pointers to the user's current VLR. We use a reference PCS architecture and the notion of a user'scall-to-mobility ratio (CMR) to quantify the costs and benefits of using forwarding and classes of users for whom it would be beneficial. We show that under a variety of assumptions forwarding is likely to yield significant net benefits in terms of reduced signalling network traffic and database loads for certain classes of users. For instance, under certain cost assumptions, for users withCMR<0.5, forwarding can result in 20–60% savins over the basic strategy. This net benefit is due to the significant saving in location update compared to a penalty of moderately increased call setup times for the infrequent occasions when these users do receive calls.
Certification-Based Database Replication Protocols under the Perspective of the I / O Automaton Model

Traditionally, correctness of database replication proto c ls has been justified in a rather informal way focusing only in safety properties and without using any rigorous for malism. Since a database replication protocol must ensure some degree of replica consistency and that transact ions follow a given isolation level, previous proofs only focused in these two issues. This paper proposes a forma lisation using I /O automata, identifying several components in the distributed system that are involved in th e replication support (replication protocol, group communication system, database replicas) and specifying c learly their actions in the global replicated system architecture. Then, a general certification-based replica tion protocol guaranteeing the snapshot isolation level is proven correct. To this end, di fferent safety and liveness properties are identified, checke d and proved. Our work shows that some details of the replication protocols that we re ignored in previous correctness justifications are indeed needed in order to guarantee our proposed correctnes s criteria.
A versatile high-resolution scanning system and its application to statistical analysis of lizards' skin colour time-evolution

classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author. SIGGRAPH 2014, August 10 – 14, 2014, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 2014 Copyright held by the Owner/Author. ACM 978-1-4503-2958-3/14/08 A Versatile High-Resolution Scanning System and its Application to Statistical Analysis of Lizards’ Skin Colour Time-Evolution
Observed Vertical Structure of Convection During Dry and Wet Summer Monsoon Epochs Over the Western Ghats

Summer precipitation over the Western Ghats is an important facet of Indian monsoon. The vertical structure of mesoscale convection during dry and wet epochs of regional precipitation is studied using X‐band Doppler radar, for the first time. The observed characteristics are distinctly different in terms of small‐scale convective and large‐scale atmospheric features for the dry versus wet regimes. The depth and intensity of convection is analyzed using various echo‐top heights (ETHs). The frequency distribution of 0‐ and 15‐dBZ ETH exhibits bimodality during the dry period, which changes to unimodal in wet period. Top heights of precipitating convection (characterized by 30‐dBZ echoes) decreased with low‐level static stability, suggesting preponderance of shallow convection with little stratiform clouds. Suppressed heating in the dry period is a signature of reduced 0‐dBZ ETH occurrence. However, its enhanced occurrence during the wet period resulted in cooling below 2 km and increased heating aloft with maxima at 6 km. Near high precipitation events, midtropospheric humidity rapidly builds up over 2–3 days prior to increase in cloud‐top heights and areal coverage. Observations indicate large amplitude of ETH diurnal cycle during the dry period (especially over leeside) accompanied by weak upstream winds. However, during the wet period, smaller amplitude of ETH is evident (throughout the radar domain) under strong upstream wind conditions. Convective activity during the late afternoon hours produces higher lighting flashes in the dry period compared to the wet. The lightning occurrences are related with penetrations of 30‐dBZ ETH above the freezing level and convective area fractions.
No Velocity Particle Swarm Optimiser with Forgetting Factor and Center

A no velocity particle swarm optimiser with forgetting factor and center is presented. In the algorithm, the position of a particle is influenced not only by the personal best position and global best position but also by the swarm’s center , and a particle has only position without velocity similar to bare bones PSO. The proposed algorithm determined by four real parameters is theoretically analyzed using stochastic process theory. The stochastic convergent condition of the algorithm and corresponding parameter selection guidelines are derived. The algorithm is the simpler and more effective owing to discarding the particle velocity and using the swarm’s center information. The simulation experimental results indict that the algorithm achieves better solutions and faster convergence for some well-known benchmarks.
Segmentation-based classification for 3D point clouds in the road environment

ABSTRACT Classification of 3D point cloud in urban scenes has been widely applied in the fields of automatic driving, map updating, and change detection. To develop the accurate and effective method for the classification remains a challenge. We propose a three-stage framework to classify 3D point clouds acquired in the urban road environment. First, an efficient segmentation approach is applied to generate segments as the entity to be classified. This is achieved by using the pairwise linkage (P-Linkage) algorithm for the initial point cloud segmentation, followed by two-step post-processing approach to improve the segmentation results. Second, a set of novel features is extracted from each segment and its performance is evaluated using four classifiers: Support Vector Machine, Random Forests, Naïve Bayesian, and Extreme Learning Machine. Third, the contextual constraints among objects are used to refine the classification via graph cuts. The results showed that the initial classification can obtain a high average precision of 80.8−92.9% and a good average recall rate of 77.5−79.1%. After refinement via graph cuts, the precision and recall rate increase by approximately 0.3% and 3.1%, respectively. Our framework is effective for classifying 3D urban point clouds acquired by a mobile laser scanning (MLS) system in the road environment.
Game theoretic analysis of joint rate and power control in cognitive radio networks

Link adaptation is an important issue in the design of cognitive radio networks, which aims at making efficient use of system resources. In this paper, we present a new method to solve the problem of joint rate and power control in cognitive radio networks by using game theory. The optimum rates and powers are obtained by iteratively maximizing each linkpsilas utility function. Simulation results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
An algorithm for a class of real-life multi-objective optimization problems with a sweeping objective

This paper describes a class of real-life optimization problems that has not been addressed before: a multi-objective optimization in which one objective is neither minimized nor maximized but uniformly swept over a wide range. The limitations of conventional multi-objective optimization algorithms to deal with this kind of problems are illustrated via the optimization of radiofrequency inductors. For the first time, an algorithm is proposed that provides sets of solutions for this kind of problems.
Microbial Iron Redox Cycling in a Circumneutral-pH Groundwater Seep

ABSTRACT The potential for microbially mediated redox cycling of iron (Fe) in a circumneutral-pH groundwater seep in north central Alabama was studied. Incubation of freshly collected seep material under anoxic conditions with acetate-lactate or H2 as an electron donor revealed the potential for rapid Fe(III) oxide reduction (ca. 700 to 2,000 μmol liter−1 day−1). Fe(III) reduction at lower but significant rates took place in unamended controls (ca. 300 μmol liter−1 day−1). Culture-based enumerations (most probable numbers [MPNs]) revealed significant numbers (102 to 106 cells ml−1) of organic carbon- and H2-oxidizing dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms. Three isolates with the ability to reduce Fe(III) oxides by dissimilatory or fermentative metabolism were obtained (Geobacter sp. strain IST-3, Shewanella sp. strain IST-21, and Bacillus sp. strain IST-38). MPN analysis also revealed the presence of microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms (103 to 105 cells ml−1). A 16S rRNA gene library from the iron seep was dominated by representatives of the Betaproteobacteria including Gallionella, Leptothrix, and Comamonas species. Aerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing Comamonas sp. strain IST-3 was isolated. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this organism is 100% similar to the type strain of the betaproteobacterium Comamonas testosteroni (M11224). Testing of the type strain showed no Fe(II) oxidation. Collectively our results suggest that active microbial Fe redox cycling occurred within this habitat and support previous conceptual models for how microbial Fe oxidation and reduction can be coupled in surface and subsurface sedimentary environments.
Quantification of Enterococci and Human Adenoviruses in Environmental Samples by Real-Time PCR

ABSTRACT Pathogenic bacteria and enteric viruses can be introduced into the environment via human waste discharge. Methods for rapid detection and quantification of human viruses and fecal indicator bacteria in water are urgently needed to prevent human exposure to pathogens through drinking and recreational waters. Here we describe the development of two real-time PCR methods to detect and quantify human adenoviruses and enterococci in environmental waters. For real-time quantification of enterococci, a set of primers and a probe targeting the 23S rRNA gene were used. The standard curve generated using Enterococcus faecalis genomic DNA was linear over a 7-log-dilution series. Serial dilutions of E. faecalis suspensions resulted in a lower limit of detection (LLD) of 5 CFU/reaction. To develop real-time PCR for adenoviruses, degenerate primers and a Taqman probe targeting a 163-bp region of the adenovirus hexon gene were designed to specifically amplify 14 different serotypes of human adenoviruses, including enteric adenovirus serotype 40 and 41. The standard curve generated was linear over a 5-log-dilution series, and the LLD was 100 PFU/reaction using serial dilutions of purified adenoviral particles of serotype 40. Both methods were optimized to be applicable to environmental samples. The real-time PCR methods showed a greater sensitivity in detection of adenoviruses in sewage samples than the viral plaque assay and in detection of enterococci in coastal waters than the bacterial culture method. However, enterococcus real-time PCR overestimated the number of bacteria in chlorinated sewage in comparison with the bacterial culture method. Overall, the ability via real-time PCR to detect enterococci and adenoviruses rapidly and quantitatively in the various environmental samples represents a considerable advancement and a great potential for environmental applications.
Quality of Service and Max-Min Fair Transmit Beamforming to Multiple Cochannel Multicast Groups

The problem of transmit beamforming to multiple cochannel multicast groups is considered, when the channel state is known at the transmitter and from two viewpoints: minimizing total transmission power while guaranteeing a prescribed minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at each receiver; and a "fair" approach maximizing the overall minimum SINR under a total power budget. The core problem is a multicast generalization of the multiuser downlink beamforming problem; the difference is that each transmitted stream is directed to multiple receivers, each with its own channel. Such generalization is relevant and timely, e.g., in the context of the emerging WiMAX and UMTS-LTE wireless networks. The joint problem also contains single-group multicast beamforming as a special case. The latter (and therefore also the former) is NP-hard. This motivates the pursuit of computationally efficient quasi-optimal solutions. It is shown that Lagrangian relaxation coupled with suitable randomization/cochannel multicast power control yield computationally efficient high-quality approximate solutions. For a significant fraction of problem instances, the solutions generated this way are exactly optimal. Extensive numerical results using both simulated and measured wireless channels are presented to corroborate our main findings.
Mechanics of plant fruit hooks

Hook-like surface structures, observed in some plant species, play an important role in the process of plant growth and seed dispersal. In this study, we developed an elastic model and further used it to investigate the mechanical behaviour of fruit hooks in four plant species, previously measured in an experimental study. Based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, the force–displacement relationship is derived, and its Young's modulus is obtained. The result agrees well with the experimental data. The model aids in understanding the mechanics of hooks, and could be used in the development of new bioinspired Velcro-like materials.
Design Optimization of Energy- and Security-Critical Distributed Real-Time Embedded Systems

In this paper, we approach the design of energy-and security-critical distributed real-time embedded systems from the early mapping and scheduling phases. Modern Distributed Embedded Systems (DESs) are common to be connected to external networks, which is beneficial for various purposes, but also opens up the gate for potential security attacks. However, security protections in DESs result in significant time and energy overhead. In this work, we focus on the problem of providing the best confidentiality protection of internal communication in DESs under time and energy constraints. The complexity of finding the optimal solution grows exponentially as problem size grows. Therefore, we propose an efficient genetic algorithm based heuristic for solving the problem. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique.
The Ubiquitin Ligase Ubr2, a Recognition E3 Component of the N-End Rule Pathway, Stabilizes Tex19.1 during Spermatogenesis

Ubiquitin E3 ligases target their substrates for ubiquitination, leading to proteasome-mediated degradation or altered biochemical properties. The ubiquitin ligase Ubr2, a recognition E3 component of the N-end rule proteolytic pathway, recognizes proteins with N-terminal destabilizing residues and plays an important role in spermatogenesis. Tex19.1 (also known as Tex19) has been previously identified as a germ cell-specific protein in mouse testis. Here we report that Tex19.1 forms a stable protein complex with Ubr2 in mouse testes. The binding of Tex19.1 to Ubr2 is independent of the second position cysteine of Tex19.1, a putative target for arginylation by the N-end rule pathway R-transferase. The Tex19.1-null mouse mutant phenocopies the Ubr2-deficient mutant in three aspects: heterogeneity of spermatogenic defects, meiotic chromosomal asynapsis, and embryonic lethality preferentially affecting females. In Ubr2-deficient germ cells, Tex19.1 is transcribed, but Tex19.1 protein is absent. Our results suggest that the binding of Ubr2 to Tex19.1 metabolically stabilizes Tex19.1 during spermatogenesis, revealing a new function for Ubr2 outside the conventional N-end rule pathway.