Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders for adolescents: A semantic evaluation

Purpose: To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation and present the Portuguese version of the instrument Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) for use in adolescents. Methods: The RDC/TMD adapted for adolescents was fully translated into Portuguese by a translator and then back translated into English by a second translator who was blind to the original text. The back translation was compared with the original by the author and the final version defined by consensus. Part I of the instrument was administered to 186 students aged 12 to 17 years in the town of Tres Rios/Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, to assess comprehensibility. Results: One question was considered inaccurate in the back translation. The young respondents struggled with five of other questions. The original version of the instrument in English and the final version in Portuguese were presented. Conclusion: The process of translation and back translation ensured the semantic equivalence of the original version relative to the translated version. The application of the questionnaire met wide acceptance and contributed to the final version of the instrument.
Exercise Is an Adjuvant to Contemporary Dystrophy Treatments

Exercise is an adjuvant to contemporary dystrophy treatments. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 46, pp. 2018. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal genetic disease of muscle wasting for which there is no cure. In healthy muscle, structure and function improve dramatically with exercise. In patients with dystrophy, little is known about the effects of exercise. As contemporary therapies rapidly progress and patients become more active, there is a need to understand the effects of exercise. andmany adaptations occurconcurrently. Indystrophic muscle,the changes duringthe treatment phase will be driven by corticosteroids, antioxidative drugs, gene therapy, or exon skipping. Exercise is then added during this phase to further enhance these outcomes. The combination therapy will drive the response. Themolecular pathwaystooutcomes may differ betweenhealthy anddystrophicmuscle, andsome pathways and outcomes may not occur in dystrophic muscle. ATP, adenosine triphosphate.
Impact of the Diurnal Cycle of Solar Radiation on Intraseasonal SST Variability in the Western Equatorial Pacific

Abstract The mechanism by which the diurnal cycle of solar radiation modulates intraseasonal SST variability in the western Pacific warm pool is investigated using a one-dimensional mixed layer model. SSTs in the model experiments forced with hourly surface fluxes during the calm–sunny phase of intraseasonal oscillation are significantly warmer than those with daily mean surface fluxes. The difference in two experiments is explained by upper-ocean mixing processes during nighttime. Surface warming during daytime creates a shallow diurnal warm layer near the surface (0–3 m), which can be easily eroded by surface cooling during nighttime. Further cooling, however, requires a substantial amount of energy because deeper waters need to be entrained into the mixed layer. Since the shallow diurnal layer is not formed in the experiment with daily mean surface fluxes, the SST for the hourly forcing case is warmer most of the time due to the diurnally varying solar radiation. Sensitivity of the intraseasonal SST va.
Plasma conditions inside Io's orbit: Voyager measurements

The Voyager 1 ion data that were obtained inside the orbit of Io allow accurate determination of convective velocity, temperature, and density of the major ionic species (S+, O+, S2+ and O2+ ions). The irregular radial profiles of ion temperature and flux tube content are not consistent with simple models of radial transport of plasma from a source near Io. The evidence of a source of ions well inside Io's orbit is provided by the detection of molecular (SO2+) ions at 5.3 RJ, the prevalence of non-Maxwellian tails to the ion distribution functions, the persistent presence of oxygen ions throughout the inner torus, and a 1–3% lag behind corotation outside 5.4 RJ.
Eastward migration of the Qaidam basin and its implications for Cenozoic evolution of the Altyn Tagh fault and associated river systems

The Qaidam basin is the largest Cenozoic intermontane basin within the Tibetan plateau, bounded by the Qilian Shan range to the north, the East Kunlun range to the south, the Altyn Tagh range to the west, and the Ela Shan range to the east. Its deposits consist of nonmarine sedimentary rocks, with a maximum thickness exceeding 13,400 m. Modern sedimentation mainly takes place along the marginal areas of the basin, where alluvial fans are formed along a series of rivers that originate from the surrounding mountains. Nevertheless, drilling, sedimentary, and seismic data reveal that the depocenter of the basin during much of Cenozoic time was not developed as foreland basins of the Qilian Shan belt to the north and the East Kunlun belt to the south, but instead the depocenter was in the center of the western part of the basin and had a northwest-southeast trend that shifted eastward ~380 km during Oligocene to Quaternary time. This indicates that most of the basin sediments were not derived from the surrounding mountain ranges. The results of the fi ssion-track age dating reveal that the rapid uplift of the Yousha Shan anticline bounding the depocenter to the southwest initiated at ca. 31 Ma, indicating that the southeastward shift of the depocenter began at that time, yielding a migration rate for the depocenter of 10.2 mm/yr. The northwestern margin of the depocenter of the Qaidam basin lies to the east of the westward prolongation of the Qaidam basin, the Tula trough, a 300-km-long narrow trough fl anked by the Altyn Tagh range along the Altyn Tagh strikeslip fault on the north and the East Kunlun thrust belt on the south. The sedimentary and deformational evidence from this region indicates that the Tula trough was formed as a syncline, along which a paleoriver fl owed to the east into the Qaidam basin. To the southwest, this river valley merges with the trace of the Altyn Tagh fault. The latter and its westward continuation are interpreted to have extended to the northern margin of the Pamir folded belt north of the western syntaxis of the Himalaya. We propose that most of the sediments within the depocenter of the Qaidam basin were transported from the northern margin of the Pamir folded belt along a progressively lengthening 2000-kmlong longitudinal river that developed along the left-lateral Altyn Tagh fault and its western continuation, as the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan plateau took place in Oligocene time. Both the crustal uplift and continuous southeastward aggradations of the sediments carried by the paleo‐Kunlun River are interpreted to be the cause for southeastward migration of the depocenter of the Qaidam basin. The longitudinal river disappeared in late Cenozoic time (2‐4 Ma) due to stream capture and climate change.
The effects of childhood trauma in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

Child abuse and neglect have been found to be causally related to an increased risk of a wide range of psychiatric disorders including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance abuse and eating disorders (1–3). An association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and psychosis was strongly reported in most of the studies (4–7) in contrast to a recent prospective study by Spataro et al. (8). In a recent review, it has been reported that the prevalence of childhood trauma among adults with psychotic disorders greatly exceeds that of the general population (9). Although the rates vary depending on the characteristics of the study populations and definition of abuse, overall lifetime exposure to sexual or physical abuse ranges from 12% to 85% across studies. It has been reported that patients with childhood trauma demonstrated poorer psychosocial functioning (10) and work performances (11); additionally, they were more likely to report suicidal attempts (12), sexual promiscuity (6), and dissociative symptoms (6, 13), and had more previous Üçok A, Bıkmaz S. The effects of childhood trauma in patients with first-episode schizophrenia
Urban atmosphere: Warm dry envelope over St. Louis

Airborne meteorological observations were made over St. Louis during the months of August 1971–1973 as a part of Project Metromex. On generally clear summer days, an excess of sensible heat and a reduction in moisture were observed in the atmosphere overlying the urban area. These anomalous fields extended to a considerable height and were displaced downwind by the ambient airflow.
Bringing together diverging system perspectives: the utility of transdisciplinary scenario analysis.

This paper studies the issue of integration of expert and farmers knowledge. It adapts the method of scenario analysis to obtain a common system view between experts and farmers in Vereda la Hoya, Colombia. Within the transdisciplinary approach taken, we discuss the following theses regarding knowledge integration: (i) the formative scenario analysis allows for integrating knowledge of people with different educational backgrounds such as farmers and experts; (ii) knowledge integration can only be achieved if an atmosphere of "equality" can be created between the people; (iii) clear responsibilities and roles between researchers and non- researchers support the integration process.
Atrial Fibrillation Risk and Discrimination of Cardioembolic From Noncardioembolic Stroke

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Classification of stroke as cardioembolic in etiology can be challenging, particularly since the predominant cause, atrial fibrillation (AF), may not be present at the time of stroke. Efficient tools that discriminate cardioembolic from noncardioembolic strokes may improve care as anticoagulation is frequently indicated after cardioembolism. We sought to assess and quantify the discriminative power of AF risk as a classifier for cardioembolism in a real-world population of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods— We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a multi-institutional sample of patients with acute ischemic stroke. We systematically adjudicated stroke subtype and examined associations between AF risk using CHA2DS2-VASc, Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology-AF score, and the recently developed Electronic Health Record–Based AF score, and cardioembolic stroke using logistic regression. We compared the ability of AF risk to discriminate cardioembolism by calculating C statistics and sensitivity/specificity cutoffs for cardioembolic stroke. Results— Of 1431 individuals with ischemic stroke (age, 65±15; 40% women), 323 (22.6%) had cardioembolism. AF risk was significantly associated with cardioembolism (CHA2DS2-VASc: odds ratio [OR] per SD, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.49–1.93]; Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology-AF score: OR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.90–2.60]; electronic Health Record–Based AF: OR, 2.55 [95% CI, 2.16–3.04]). Discrimination was greater for Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology-AF score (C index, 0.695 [95% CI, 0.663–0.726]) and Electronic Health Record–Based AF score (0.713 [95% CI, 0.681–0.744]) versus CHA2DS2-VASc (C index, 0.651 [95% CI, 0.619–0.683]). Examination of AF scores across a range of thresholds indicated that AF risk may facilitate identification of individuals at low likelihood of cardioembolism (eg, negative likelihood ratios for Electronic Health Record–Based AF score ranged 0.31–0.10 at sensitivity thresholds 0.90–0.99). Conclusions— AF risk scores associate with cardioembolic stroke and exhibit moderate discrimination. Utilization of AF risk scores at the time of stroke may be most useful for identifying individuals at low probability of cardioembolism. Future analyses are warranted to assess whether stroke subtype classification can be enhanced to improve outcomes in undifferentiated stroke.
Growth habit of needle crystals in coats of coated diamonds

The growth habit of needle - shaped crystals in coats of coated diamonds from Zaire was observed using a cathodoluminescence microscope. An aggregate of needle crystals of diamonds coats a single crystal of core in an octahedral shape,and the tips of the needle crystals in the coats are bounded by curved ｛ 100 ｝ faces (or cuboids)with small ｛ 111 ｝ facets,showing the distinct sector - zoning in CL brightness. The needle is responsible forʻrandom walk modelʼ,which can explain the external morphology of coated stones. This characteristic growth of the needle crystals were interpreted to be formed by the co - precipitation of inclusions and due to the rapid growth controlled by the kinetic roughening of the octahedral faces and the kinetic smoothening of the cuboid faces. Morphology of the needles to those of diamonds by mixed - habit growth suggests that both types of diamonds have grown under similar conditions,except for the co precipitation of inclusions.
Inclusions in the Allende Meteorite

Mason, Brian, and S.R. Taylor. Inclusions in the Allende Meteorite. Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences, number 25, 30 pages, 25 figures, 5 tables, 1982. —Six discrete groups of inclusions have been distinguished in the Allende meteorite. Groups I, V, and VI are mostly melilite-rich chondrules, although some have been extensively altered to fine-grained aggregates; Groups II and III are mostly fine-grained aggregates made up largely of spinel and fassaite; Group IV are olivine-rich aggregates and chondrules. Each group has a distinctive trace-element pattern, most clearly shown by the rare-earth (RE) distribution pattern. Group I has an unfractionated pattern (except for a small positive Eu anomaly) at about 10-15 times chondrites; Group II has a highly fractionated pattern with depletion of the heavier lanthanides (Gd-Er) and negative Eu and positive Tm and Yb anomalies; Group III has an unfractionated pattern at about 20 times chondrites, except for negative Eu and Yb anomalies; Group IV has a relatively unfractionated pattern at 2-4 times chondrites; Group V has an unfractionated pattern at 10-20 times chondrites; Group VI has an unfractionated pattern at 10-20 times chondrites, except for positive Eu and Yb anomalies (i.e., complementary to Group III). The complex patterns of trace element distribution in these Allende inclusions indicate a complex history of formation of this meteorite from the solar nebula. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Aerial view of Ulawun Volcano, New Britain. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Mason, Brian Harold, 1917Inclusions in the Allende meteorite. (Smithsonian contributions to the earth sciences ; no. 25) Bibliography: p. 1. Allende meteorite. I. Taylor, Stuart Ross, 1925-. II. Title. III. Series. QE1.S227 no. 25 [QB756.A44] 550s [523.5'1] 82-600091 AACR2
Exploring the factors influencing consumers' choice of retail store when purchasing fresh meat in Malaysia

This research explores the preferred place for Malaysian consumers to purchase fresh meat. From four focus group discussions, participants indicated that their decision to purchase fresh meat from either a modern retail outlet or the traditional market was influenced by five key variables: perceptions of freshness, Halal assurance, a good relationship with retailers, a competitive price and a pleasant environment for shoppers. Results were subsequently validated in a quantitative survey of 250 respondents in the Klang Valley. Despite the increasing number of supermarkets and hypermarkets, not only are the traditional markets able to coexist with modern retail formats, but they remain the preferred place for respondents to purchase fresh meat.
Fish Meal Replacement in Aquaculture Feeds for Atlantic Salmon

Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , parr (25 g) were fed diets in which 50 % of the fish meal protein was replaced with soybean meal protein and to which supplementary enzymes were added. Four supplementary enzymes were compared: a commercial supplement containing mainly protease activity; phytase; a mix of carbohydrases and a mix of carbohydrases and proteases. The supplementary enzymes had no effect on wet weight gain, feed conversion efficiency (FCE) or productive protein value (PPV).
Management of chronic hepatitis C treatment failures: role of consensus interferon

: A signiﬁ cant proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who undergo antiviral therapy have persistent or recurrent viremia and fail to achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR). Factors associated with treatment failure include HCV genotype 1 infection, high serum HCV RNA levels, and advanced ﬁ brosis. Consensus interferon (CIFN) is a synthetic type I interferon derived from a consensus sequence of the most common amino acids found in naturally occurring alpha interferon subtypes. Several prospective clinical studies have demonstrated that CIFN may be a treatment option in patients who have failed prior interferon-based therapy, including those who have failed combination therapy with standard interferon or peginterferon plus ribavirin. Daily CIFN in combination with ribavirin may be an effective regimen in this setting; however, optimal dose and treatment duration of CIFN therapy have not been well established. Patients who achieve viral suppression during prior interferon-based therapy and those who do not have advanced ﬁ brosis have a greater likelihood of achieving a SVR with CIFN retreatment. Individualized therapy targeting speciﬁ c patient groups will be an important consideration in the successful management of prior treatment failures. Additional prospective studies are required in order to identify optimal treatment strategies for the use of CIFN in these patients
Magnetic properties of single and multi‐domain magnetite under pressures from 0 to 6 GPa

Using novel experimental methods, we measured the acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization, direct field demagnetization, and alternating field demagnetization of multi‐domain (MD) and single domain (SD) magnetite under hydrostatic pressures to 6 GPa. We find that the saturation remanence of MD magnetite increases 2.8 times over initial, non‐compressed values by 6 GPa, while its remanent coercivity remains relatively constant. For SD magnetite, remanent coercivity and saturation remanence vary little from 0 to 1 GPa, increase markedly from 1 to 3 GPa, then plateau above 3 GPa. These new findings suggest that by 3 GPa, SD magnetite either undergoes a magnetic phase transition, or that it reaches an optimal magnetic state where magnetostriction and/or magnetocrystalline energy constants attain some threshold state without reorganization of the pre‐existing magnetic lattices. Similar behavior is not observed in MD magnetite, likely due to domain wall effects.
A note on the duality between interaction responses and mutual positions in flocking and schooling

Background: Recent research in animal behaviour has contributed to determine how alignment, turning responses, and changes of speed mediate flocking and schooling interactions in different animal species. Here, we address specifically the problem of what interaction responses support different nearest neighbour configurations in terms of mutual position and distance. Results: We find that the different interaction rules observed in different animal species may be a simple consequence of the relative positions that individuals assume when they move together, and of the noise inherent with the movement of animals, or associated with tracking inaccuracy. Conclusions: The anisotropic positioning of individuals with respect to their neighbours, in combination with noise, can explain several aspects of the movement responses observed in real animal groups, and should be considered explicitly in future models of flocking and schooling. By making a distinction between interaction responses involved in maintaining a preferred flock configuration, and interaction responses directed at changing it, we provide a frame to discriminate movement interactions that signal directional conflict from those underlying consensual group motion.
Singularities of transient processes in dynamics and beyond.Comment on “Long transients in ecology: Theory and applications” by Andrew Morozov et al

From an absolutely rigorous (pedantic) point of view, all the states in life or social sciences (and, possibly, far beyond their borders) are transient. All the steady states, running waves, beautiful limit cycles or attractors are just intermediate asymptotics and nothing is stationary or ergodic. However, the idea of separation of time scales allows the creation of autonomous dynamic models at some scales. In these ideal models, we assume that processes that are much faster than the selected time scale are completely relaxed and the values of fast variables (or average values in fast dynamics) follow the dynamics at the selected scale. The processes proceeding much more slowly than the selected time can be considered stationary or presented as a slow drift of the parameters of our models. This clear and transparent picture is true if the system is globally stable and far from a critical transition. Such a system relaxes to the limit regime without significant delays, and all long transients are due to a slow drift of parameters. When the qualitative picture of dynamics is not so trivial, then various dynamic causes of slow relaxations and critical delay effects, well-known in physics and beyond, may appear (we refer here to a recent review of critical transitions [1]). Critical transitions can mix time scales and violate the standard separation of time logics. Even violation of global stability can cause long delay near unstable attractors. If we observe a long transition period for a real system, a conundrum arises:
Characteristic Variations of Sea Surface Temperature with Multiple Time Scales in the North Pacific.

Abstract Temporal evolution and spectral structure of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Pacific over the last 37 years are investigated on the three characteristic time scales: shorter than 24 months (HF), 24–60 months (ES), and longer than 60 months (DC). The leading empirical-orthogonal function (EOF) for the DC time scale is characterized by a zonally elongated monopole centered at around 40°N, 180°. The leading EOF for the HF time scale is somewhat similar to that for the DC time scale, although there are two centers of action with the same polarity at the mid and western Pacific. The leading EOF for the ES time scale, however, exhibits a different pattern whose center of action at the mid Pacific is located farther southeastward. In the time evolution of the SST anomalies associated with the leading EOF of the DC time scale, several anomaly periods can be identified that last five years or longer. The transition from a persistent period to another with the opposite polarity is gene.