Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oncological and Peri-Operative Outcomes of Percutaneous Cryoablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma for Patients with Hereditary RCC Diseases—An Analysis of European Multi-Centre Prospective EuRECA Registry

Simple Summary Inherited renal cell carcinoma (RCC) typically presents earlier in life with multifocal and bilateral tumours. Treatment of such tumours is often challenging due to their bilateral presentation and high risk of recurrence or development of new disease. Therefore, the goal of treatment is to achieve oncological control while preserving renal function as much as possible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and preservation of renal function of percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) for small renal masses (SRM) in inherited RCC. We reviewed European data and found that image-guided cryoablation is safe, maintains good kidney function, and is effective in controlling cancer arising from hereditary small kidney cancers. Abstract This study aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and renal function preservation of percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) for small renal masses (SRMs) in inherited RCC syndromes. Patients with inherited T1N0M0 RCCs (<7 cm) undergoing PCA from 2015 to 2021 were identified from the European Registry for Renal Cryoablation (EuRECA). The primary outcome was local recurrence-free survival (LRFS). The secondary outcomes included technical success, peri-operative outcomes, and other oncological outcomes estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Simple proportions, chi-squared tests, and t-tests were used to analyse the peri-operative outcomes. A total of 68 sessions of PCA were performed in 53 patients with RCC and 85 tumours were followed-up for a mean duration of 30.4 months (SD ± 22.0). The overall technical success rate was 99%. The major post-operative complication rate was 1.7%. In total, 7.4% (2/27) of patients had >25% reduction in renal function. All oncological events were observed in VHL patients. Estimated 5-year LRFS, metastasis-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival were 96.0% (95% CI 75–99%), 96.4% (95% CI 77–99%), 90.9% (95% CI 51–99%), and 90.9% (95% CI 51–99%), respectively. PCA of RCCs for patients with hereditary RCC SRMs appears to be safe, offers low complication rates, preserves renal function, and achieves good oncological outcomes.
Atomic data from the IRON Project - L. Electron impact excitation of Fe xix

Collision strengths and collisional rate parameters have been calculated for transitions among 92 $n=2$ and $n=3$ levels of O-like Fe xix. The method used is the Breit-Pauli R-matrix formalism in which most prominent relativistic effects are accounted for. Partial wave contributions up to $J=59/2$ are included explicitly while "top-up" procedures complete the sum to infinity. Several thousand energy points were used to fully incorporate the effect of resonances in the collisional cross sections when estimating the collisional rate parameters. This is particularly important at lower temperatures where the resonant contributions dominate. The present results are expected to be accurate to better than 20% for transitions among $n=2$ levels.
Effects of 17α-Methyltestosterone on the Transcriptome and Sex Hormones in the Brain of Gobiocypris rarus

17α-Methyltestosterone (MT), a synthetic environmental endocrine disruptor with androgenic effects, has been shown to disrupt the reproductive system and inhibit germ cell maturation in Gobiocypris rarus. To further investigate the regulation of gonadal development by MT through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, G. rarus were exposed to 0, 25, 50, and 100 ng/L of MT for 7, 14, and 21 days. We analyzed its biological indicators, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadotropins, reproduction-related gene expression, and brain tissue transcriptome profiles. We found a significant decrease in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in G. rarus males exposed to MT for 21 days compared to the control group. GnRH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, as well as the expressions of the gnrh3, gnrhr1, gnrhr3, fshβ, and cyp19a1b genes, were significantly reduced in the brains of both male and female fish when exposed to 100 ng/L MT for 14 days compared to the controls. Therefore, we further constructed four RNA-seq libraries from 100 ng/L MT-treated groups of male and female fish, obtaining 2412 and 2509 DEGs in male and female brain tissue, respectively. Three common pathways were observed to be affected in both sexes after exposure to MT, namely, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, focal adhesion, and cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, we found that MT affected the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway through the upregulation of foxo3 and ccnd2, and the downregulation of pik3c3 and ccnd1. Therefore, we hypothesize that MT interferes with the levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, FSH, and LH) in G. rarus brains through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway, and affects the expression of key genes in the hormone production pathway (gnrh3, gnrhr1 and cyp19a1b) to interfere with the stability of the HPG axis, thus leading to abnormal gonadal development. This study provides a multidimensional perspective on the damaging effects of MT on fish and confirms that G. rarus is a suitable model animal for aquatic toxicology.
Features of Self-Diffusion of Tridecane Molecules in a Porous Medium of Kaolinite Used as a Model of a Chemically Inert Membrane

The present work focused on the experimental study of the specific features of self-diffusion of tridecane molecules in macroporous kaolinite, which is used as a raw material for the production of chemically inert membranes. The measurements of self-diffusion coefficients by pulsed magnetic field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PMFG NMR) revealed an increased translational mobility of tridecane molecules in kaolinite with incomplete filling of the pore space. This effect was accompanied by a sharp change in the slope of the Arrhenius plot of the self-diffusion coefficients of tridecane molecules in kaolinite. An analysis of the diffusion spin echo decay in the tridecane–kaolinite system revealed a discrepancy between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions, considering the effect of the geometry of porous space on molecular mobility. It was shown that the experimental results could be interpreted in terms of a model of two phases of tridecane molecules in the pores of kaolinite, in the gaseous and adsorbed state, coexisting under the fast-exchange conditions. Within the framework of the model, the activation energies of self-diffusion were calculated, which agreed satisfactorily with the experimental data. Additionally, the effects of the internal magnetic field gradients arising in a porous medium loaded with a gas or liquid on the data of the PFG NMR measurements were calculated. It was shown that the effect of magnetic field inhomogeneities on the measured self-diffusion coefficients of tridecane in kaolinite is small and could be neglected.
The ECMWF re‐analysis for the AMMA observational campaign

During the 2006 African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) field experiment, an unprecedented number of soundings were performed in West Africa. However, due to technical problems many of these soundings did not reach the Global Telecommunication System and therefore they could not be included in the operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) analyses. This issue, together with the realization that there was a significant bias in the radiosonde humidity, led to the conclusion that a re‐analysis effort was necessary. This re‐analysis was performed at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) spanning the wet monsoon season of 2006 from May–September. The key features of the ECMWF AMMA re‐analysis are presented, including the use of a newer model version with improved physics, all the AMMA radiosonde data available from the AMMA database and a new radiosonde humidity bias‐correction scheme. Data‐impact experiments show that there is a benefit from these observations, but also highlight large model physics biases over the Sahel that cause a short‐lived impact of the observations on the model forecast. The AMMA re‐analysis is compared with independent observations to investigate the biases in the different parts of the physics. In the framework of the AMMA project, a hybrid dataset was developed to provide a best estimate of the different terms of the water cycle. This hybrid dataset is used to evaluate the improvement achieved from the use of extra AMMA observations and of a radiosonde humidity bias‐correction scheme in the water cycle of the West African monsoon. Finally, future model developments that offer promising improvements in the water cycle are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Tectonic Rotation Pattern at the Northern End of the Red River Fault System in SE Tibet: New Paleomagnetic Evidence From Cretaceous Red Beds

In order to study the rotations of crustal material along the boundary faults in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and to better understand the tectonic evolution of this region, in this study we conducted a paleomagnetic study of Cretaceous red beds in the Binchuan and Xiangyun sections near the Chenghai‐Binchuan fault, a branch fault at the northern end of the Red River fault in China. Analyses of rock magnetic properties and magnetization components, combined with scanning electron microscopy, show that two types of hematite are present in the Lower Cretaceous rocks: pigmentary hematite and specularite. High‐temperature components (HTCs) were isolated by stepwise thermal demagnetization between 300 and 660°C carried by pigmentary hematite and all of the HTCs are of normal polarity. An additional magnetization component carried by specular hematite cannot be isolated efficiently. Progressive unfolding of both the Binchuan and Xiangyun sections shows that the best grouping of the precision parameter was obtained at 75%–80% untilting, indicating that the remanence of syn‐folding origin is carried by pigmentary hematite. These syn‐folding remanent magnetizations indicate the Binchuan and Xiangyun sections accumulated 20.5 ± 5.3° of clockwise rotation and 9.9 ± 4.6° of counterclockwise rotation, respectively, with respect to East Asia since the early Cretaceous, despite the two sections being only ∼45 km apart. The counterclockwise rotation of the Xiangyun section was likely caused by the left‐lateral shear motion of the Red River Fault; and since the Miocene, the Binchuan section experienced integral clockwise rotations, together with most parts of the Chuan‐Dian Block.
Interaural Phase and the Absolute Threshold for Tone

The present study agrees with earlier ones that the binaural absolute threshold is about 3 dB lower than the monaural. It also finds that reversing the interaural phase of the signal lowers the threshold still further. The findings are shown to indicate the likelihood that so‐called absolute thresholds are really masked thresholds, with the masking noise present internally and exhibiting a small positive correlation. The close relation of our results to the earlier work of Hirsh on binaural masking phenomena is discussed.
The Emergence of a Twisted Magnetic Flux Tube into a Preexisting Coronal Arcade

To investigate the dynamic evolution of a coronal magnetic field in response to the emergence of significantly twisted magnetic structures, we perform MHD simulations in the low-β regime of the emergence of a twisted magnetic flux tube into a preexisting coronal potential magnetic arcade. Our simulation of a twisted flux tube, which when fully emerged contains a twist of 1.875 × 2π field-line rotation about the axis between the anchored footpoints, leads to a magnetic structure with substantial writhing of the tube axis (with an apex rotation >90°) as a result of the nonlinear evolution of the kink instability. For an emerging tube with a left-handed twist (which is the preferred sense of twist for active regions in the northern hemisphere), the writhing of the tube is also left-handed, producing a forward-S shape for the tube axis as viewed from the top, which is opposite to the inverse-S-shaped X-ray sigmoid structures preferentially seen in the northern hemisphere. However, we find that the writhing motion of the tube and its interaction with the ambient coronal magnetic field also drive the formation of an intense current layer that displays an inverse-S shape, consistent with the shape of X-ray sigmoids.
Mechanism of spot dancing

The mechanism of spot dancing is clarified by the application of wave theory in a random medium. The solution is based on the moment equation which prescribes the statistical properties of waves scattered successively in the forward direction. Spot dancing is described by the use of wave function; the relation between the spot dancing and the random medium becomes clear. Spot dancing is a limited phenomenon in wave motions. The distribution of arrival position is normal along the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, and the variance is uniquely determined by the correlation function of the medium and the propagation length of the wave. In addition, the Rice-Nakagami distribution of irradiance can be physically interpreted as the log-irradiance distribution in the spot dancing of a Gaussian wave beam.
Normal-state Hall angle and magnetoresistance in quasi-2D heavy fermion CeCoIn5 near a quantum critical point

The normal-state Hall effect and magnetoresisitance (MR) have been measured in the quasi two dimensional (2D) heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn 5 . In the non-Fermi liquid region where the reistivity ρ x x exhibits an almost perfect T -linear dependence, the Hall angle varies as cot θ H ∝ T 2 and MR displays a strong violation of Kohler's rule. We demonstrate a novel relation between the MR and the Hall conductivity, Δρ x x /ρ x x ∝(σ x y ρ x x ) 2 . These results bear a striking resemblance to the normal-state properties of high- T c cuprates, indicating universal transport properties in the presence of quasi-2D antiferromagnetic fluctuations near a quantum critical point.
An Undefined Interaction between Polyamines and Heat Shock Proteins Leads to Cellular Protection in Plasmodium falciparum and Proliferating Cells in Various Organisms

Environmental stimuli can distress the internal reaction of cells and their normal function. To react promptly to sudden environmental changes, a cascade of heat shock proteins (Hsps) functions to protect and act as housekeepers inside the cells. In parallel to the heat shock response, the metabolic polyamine (PA) status changes. Here, we discuss possible ways of putative interactions between Hsps and polyamines in a wide lineage of eukaryotic model organisms with a particular focus on parasitic protozoa such as Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). The supposed interaction between polyamines and Hsps may protect the parasite from the sudden change in temperature during transmission from the female Anopheles mosquito to a human host. Recent experiments performed with the spermidine mimetic inhibitor 15-deoxyspergualine in Plasmodium in vitro cultures show that the drug binds to the C-terminal EEVD motif of Hsp70. This leads to inhibition of protein biosynthesis caused by prevention of eIF5A2 phosphorylation and eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) modification. These observations provide further evidence that PAs are involved in the regulation of protein biosynthesis of Hsps to achieve a protective effect for the parasite during transmission.
Probing the Dust Responsible for Small Magellanic Cloud Extinction

We explore the abundances and depletion levels of elements important to dust composition in four Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) sight lines observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. The apparent optical depth method is used to interpret the high-resolution ultraviolet absorption data toward AzV 18, AzV 456, Sk 108, and Sk 155; the latter two sight lines have been previously explored using component fitting. In contrast to previous studies, we find evidence that silicon is depleted in the SMC's interstellar medium (ISM). This makes it improbable that SMC-like extinction, i.e., no 2175 Å bump and a steep far-ultraviolet rise, results from a lack of silicate grains in the SMC. Notable differences between our sight lines that have SMC-like and Milky Way-like extinction, AzV 18 and AzV 456, respectively, are that the former has a substantially larger gas-to-dust ratio and smaller fractional H2 abundance. Iron abundances and depletions in the SMC's ISM often diverge from the pattern shown by Si and Mg. This is evidence that Fe is not tied to the same grains as silicon, and therefore that most silicate grains are likely magnesium based. The presence of iron depletion in the SMC then suggests that this element is probably incorporated into grain types such as metals or oxides.
Prenatal Treatment of X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia Using Recombinant Ectodysplasin in a Canine Model

X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is caused by defects in the EDA gene that inactivate the function of ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1). This leads to abnormal development of eccrine glands, hair follicles, and teeth, and to frequent respiratory infections. Previous studies in the naturally occurring dog model demonstrated partial prevention of the XLHED phenotype by postnatal administration of recombinant EDA1. The results suggested that a single or two temporally spaced injections of EDI200 prenatally might improve the clinical outcome in the dog model. Fetuses received ultrasound-guided EDI200 intra-amniotically at gestational days 32 and 45, or 45 or 55 alone (of a 65-day pregnancy). Growth rates, lacrimation, hair growth, meibomian glands, sweating, dentition, and mucociliary clearance were compared in treated and untreated XLHED-affected dogs, and in heterozygous and wild-type control dogs. Improved phenotypic outcomes were noted in the earlier and more frequently treated animals. All animals treated prenatally showed positive responses compared with untreated dogs with XLHED, most notably in the transfer of moisture through paw pads, suggesting improved onset of sweating ability and restored meibomian gland development. These results exemplify the feasibility of ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injections for the treatment of developmental disorders, with improved formation of specific EDA1-dependent structures in dogs with XLHED.
Galerkin reduced‐order modeling scheme for time‐dependent randomly parametrized linear partial differential equations

In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing reduced‐order models of a class of time‐dependent randomly parametrized linear partial differential equations. Our objective is to efficiently construct a reduced basis approximation of the solution as a function of the spatial coordinates, parameter space, and time. The proposed approach involves decomposing the solution in terms of undetermined spatial and parametrized temporal basis functions. The unknown basis functions in the decomposition are estimated using an alternating iterative Galerkin projection scheme. Numerical studies on the time‐dependent randomly parametrized diffusion equation are presented to demonstrate that the proposed approach provides good accuracy at significantly lower computational cost compared with polynomial chaos‐based Galerkin projection schemes. Comparison studies are also made against Nouy's generalized spectral decomposition scheme to demonstrate that the proposed approach provides a number of computational advantages. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The primitive equations on the large scale ocean under the small depth hypothesis

In this article we study the global existence of strong solutions of the Primitive Equations (PEs) for the large scale ocean under the small depth hypothesis. The small depth hypothesis implies that the domain $M_\varepsilon$ occupied by the ocean is a thin domain, its thickness parameter $\varepsilon$ is the aspect ratio between its vertical and horizontal scales. Using and generalizing the methods developed in [23], [24], we establish the global existence of strong solutions for initial data and volume and boundary 'forces', which belong to large sets in their respective phase spaces, provided $\varepsilon$ is sufficiently small. Our proof of the existence results for the PEs is based on precise estimates of the dependence of a number of classical constants on the thickness $\varepsilon$ of the domain. The extension of the results to the atmosphere or the coupled ocean and atmosphere or to other relevant boundary conditions will appear elsewhere.
Simplified Methods for Quantification of 18F-DCFPyL Uptake in Patients with Prostate Cancer

Radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET has demonstrated promising results for prostate cancer (PCa) imaging. Quantification of PSMA radiotracer uptake is desired as it enables reliable interpretation of PET images, use of PSMA uptake as an imaging biomarker for tumor characterization, and evaluation of treatment effects. The aim of this study was to perform a full pharmacokinetic analysis of 2-(3-(1-carboxy-5-[(6-18F-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl)-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (18F-DCFPyL), a second-generation 18F-labeled PSMA ligand. On the basis of the pharmacokinetic analysis (reference method), simplified methods for quantification of 18F-DCFPyL uptake were validated. Methods: Eight patients with metastasized PCa were included. Dynamic PET acquisitions were performed at 0–60 and 90–120 min after injection of a median dose of 313 MBq of 18F-DCFPyL (range, 292–314 MBq). Continuous and manual arterial blood sampling provided calibrated plasma tracer input functions. Time–activity curves were derived for each PCa metastasis, and 18F-DCFPyL kinetics were described using standard plasma input tissue-compartment models. Simplified methods for quantification of 18F-DCFPyL uptake (SUVs; tumor-to-blood ratios [TBRs]) were correlated with kinetic parameter estimates obtained from full pharmacokinetic analysis. Results: In total, 46 metastases were evaluated. A reversible 2-tissue-compartment model was preferred for 18F-DCFPyL kinetics in 59% of the metastases. The observed k4 was small, however, resulting in nearly irreversible kinetics during the course of the PET study. Hence, k4 was fixated (0.015) and net influx rate, Ki, was preferred as the reference kinetic parameter. Whole-blood TBR provided an excellent correlation with Ki from full kinetic analysis (R2 = 0.97). This TBR could be simplified further by replacing the blood samples with an image-based, single measurement of blood activity in the ascending aorta (image-based TBR, R2 = 0.96). SUV correlated poorly with Ki (R2 = 0.47 and R2 = 0.60 for SUV normalized to body weight and lean body mass, respectively), most likely because of deviant blood activity concentrations (i.e., tumor tracer input) in patients with higher tumor volumes. Conclusion: 18F-DCFPyL kinetics in PCa metastases are best described by a reversible 2-tissue-compartment model. Image-based TBRs were validated as a simplified method to quantify 18F-DCFPyL uptake and might be applied to clinical, whole-body PET scans. SUV does not provide reliable quantification of 18F-DCFPyL uptake.