Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Future Changes of the Eddy Moisture Convergence in Winter Over Coastal Lands in Eastern North America and East Asia

Previous studies have shown that increasing moisture convergence by transient eddies will cause winter precipitation increase in the future over the coastal lands in Eastern North America (ENA) and East Asia (EA). Using moisture budget and composite analyses, we investigate the physical processes responsible for the change of eddy moisture convergence and compare them between the two regions. We find that in addition to the “wet get wetter and dry get drier” (“WWDD”) thermodynamic effect, changes in eddy moisture advection cause enhanced eddy moisture convergence north of 30°N and divergence to the south, with magnitudes comparable to the “WWDD” effect in these regions. The north‐south dipole pattern is reflected in the precipitation change of drying over the southern coastal lands in the future climate. It is caused by enhanced downgradient eddy moisture transport in the north and upgradient eddy moisture transport in the south, which is explained by the locations of the maximum magnitude of eddy relative humidity in conjunction with increase of mean saturation specific humidity. The eddy dynamic intensities associated with extreme precipitation events are found to increase in the future, contributing to the increase of eddy moisture convergence, but it plays a secondary role. The strong similarities of the underlying processes of eddy moisture change between ENA and EA suggest robust response of the spatially varying role of eddies in impacting future change of regional precipitation in ENA and EA.
Choroid plexus carcinoma in two siblings, with a novel genetic mutation in TP53 – A case report and review of literature

Background: Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is an uncommon aggressive neuroectodermal-derived childhood brain malignancy with a dismal prognosis, especially when tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations or malfunctions are present. The occurrence of these cancers is linked to germline and somatic anomalies at a number of genetic loci. We present a case report of CPC in two siblings which was found to be linked to a unique genetic mutation of TP53 in heterozygous state in both the father and the patient. Case Description: A 2-year-old female child presented with a history of vomiting, headache, and seizures. A brain magnetic resonance imaging discovered a large-sized lesion in the left lateral ventricle with infiltration to surrounding brain parenchyma suggestive of aggressive choroid plexus neoplasm. Her only sibling (sister) died of CPC 1 year ago. Her parents are apparently healthy with no history of the central nervous system malignancies in the maternal and paternal sides. Since two children in a family were affected with CPC, genomic profiling of parents and patients was done. A novel frameshift variant c.72dupA,p. (Leu25Thrfs Ter4) was observed in exon 2 of TP53 in a heterozygous state in the proband. This variant was observed in her father in the heterozygous state. Conclusion: CPC affecting siblings, associated with novel frameshift mutation in TP53 and inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, is a rare entity. It has importance in genetic counseling and planning targeted molecular treatment. Genetic profiling is important for prognostication, as P53 pathway dysfunction carries a dismal prognosis, especially when it is associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
Being Fully Excused for Wrongdoing

: Ontheclassicalunderstanding,anagentisfullyexcusedforanactionif and only if performing this action was a case of faultless wrongdoing. A major motivation for this view is the apparent existence of paradigmatic types of excusing considerations, affecting fault but not wrongness. I show that three such considerations, ignorance, duress and compulsion, can be shown to have direct bearing on the permissibility of actions. The appeal to distinctly identifiable excusing considerations thus does not stand up to closer scrutiny, undermining the classical view and giving us reason to seek alternative ways of drawing the justification/excuse distinction.
Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Key Genes Involved in Pigment Biosynthesis Related to Leaf Color Change of Liquidambar formosana Hance

Liquidambar formosana Hance has a highly ornamental value as an important urban greening tree species with bright and beautiful leaf color. To gain insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of L. formosana leaf color change, the leaves of three different clones were sampled every ten days from October 13, 2019, five times in total, which are S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5. Transcriptome sequencing was performed at S1 and S4. The chlorophyll content of the three clones decreased significantly, while the anthocyanins content of the three clones increased significantly in the coloring stage. The anthocyanins content of clone 2 was far more than that of the other two clones throughout the period of leaf color change. The transcriptome analysis showed that six DEGs related to anthocyanins biosynthesis, including CHS (chalcone synthase), CHI (chalcone isomerase), F3′H (flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase), DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase), ANS (anthocyanidin synthase) and FLS (flavonol synthase), were found in three clones. Clone 2 has another three DEGs related to anthocyanins biosynthesis, including PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), F3′5′H (flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase) and UFGT (flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase). We lay a foundation for understanding the molecular regulation mechanism of the formation of leaf color by exploring valuable genes, which is helpful for L. formosana breeding.
Prediction of debt crisis in Southern African Development Community (SADC)

Debt levels in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) have been rising over the years as countries undertake infrastructure projects and the increased use of bilateral and private credit. Although on aggregate the debt levels are within SADC recommendations on macroeconomic convergence, there are growing fears that a number of countries in the region might default and indeed some are already in default. The frequent occurrence of debt crisis is a cause for concern. This research is an attempt to determine the significant predictors from a small set of variables commonly touted as important in debt crisis prediction. The research considered the output gap, real exchange rate, external debt ratios, commodity shocks and quality of governance as potential predictors. The factor variables being of particular interest Empirical findings on these potential predictors is somehow mixed, which partly is accounted for by the differences in model specifications from author to author. The research employed the event study and fixed effects logistic regression for modelling the probability of default of public debt. Results of the model illustrate that governance indicators and commodity price shocks (global level) were not statistically significant predictors of debt crisis as commonly suggested by theory. However the external debt, output and the real foreign exchange rate were all significant. Real output was shown to be one of the most important predictors of debt crisis. The estimated probability model fared relatively better than a random model.
Comparing the Perceptions of Gender Norms among Adolescents with Different Sibling Contexts in Shanghai, China

Individuals’ gender development is influenced by the characteristics of personal and contextual environments. However, the role of sibling contexts in shaping gender norms has rarely been studied among Chinese youth at early adolescence as most of them were the only child. The aim of this paper is to compare perceived gender norms among adolescents aged 10–14 with different sibling configurations, to help inform and tailor guidance for sexual and reproductive health education in the future. We used the Global Early Adolescent Study baseline data collected from Shanghai, China. The sample for analysis was 1615 students. We used univariate analysis and multivariate ordinal logistic regression to compare perceived gender-stereotyped traits and gender role attitudes, stratified by age and sex. The results showed that sibling context was more influential for boys than girls at early adolescence in their gender socialization process. Among boys those who were with mixed-sex siblings scored higher on gender-stereotyped traits (ORonly-child vs. mixed-sex siblings = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48–0.94, p = 0.019; ORsame-sex siblings vs. mixed-sex siblings = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37–0.96, p = 0.033). Younger early adolescents aged 10–12 who were the only child or who had mixed-sex siblings perceived more traditional gender role attitudes than those living with same-sex siblings (ORonly-child vs. same-sex siblings = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.06–2.75, p = 0.028; ORmixed-sex siblings vs. same-sex siblings = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.03–2.94, p = 0.037). Comprehensive sexuality education with gender and power components being well addressed, both in and out of the family, is needed to provide extra gender-inclusive and gender-egalitarian environments for youth.
Global Modeling of Millimeter-Wave Transistors: Analysis of Electromagnetic-Wave Propagation Effects

In this study, the transmission line concept and the electron transport theory are consolidated in a global modeling approach, the wave-electron-transport (WET) model, to account for the physical phenomena in millimeter-wave devices. No equivalent circuit model is required to represent the innate properties of the device. Hence, the model is reliable for both small- and large-signal analyses. The electrodes of a transistor act as coupled multi-conductor transmission lines at millimeter-wave bands. The WET model consists of a device solver to obtain solutions for carrier-transport equations of the intrinsic device, and an electromagnetic solver (EM solver) to provide solutions for the governing transmission lines equations. As it is crucial to transfer data between these two solvers, an interface scheme is also developed and included in the WET model. The extrinsic parameters of the device are extracted using a novel systematic technique merely based on the physical structure of the transistor. In this paper, the modeling procedure is applied to a fabricated GaN-HEMT device. Power sweep analysis has verified the accuracy of the proposed model under both linear and non-linear operations. Non-uniform voltage distribution caused by traveling waves over the electrodes is elaborately discussed to demonstrate the necessity of incorporating distributed effects.
Observation of the baryonic B-decay B0bar ->Lambda_c^+ antiproton K^- pi^+

We report the observation of the baryonic B-decay B0bar ->Lambda_c^+ antiproton K^- pi^+, excluding contributions from the decay B0bar ->Lambda_c^+ anti-Lambda K^-. Using a data sample of 467*10^6 BBbar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at SLAC, the measured branching fraction is (4.33 +/- 0.82_stat +/- 0.33_syst +/- 1.13_Lambda_c^+)*10^-5. In addition we find evidence for the resonant decay B0bar ->Sigma_c(2455)^++ antiproton K^- and determine its branching fraction to be (1.11 +/- 0.30_stat +/- 0.09_syst +/- 0.29_Lambda_c^+)*10^-5. The errors are statistical, systematic, and due to the uncertainty in the Lambda_c^+ branching fraction. For the resonant decay B0bar ->Lambda_c^+ antiproton K^*0 we obtain an upper limit of 2.42*10^-5 at 90% confidence level.
Fluid Inclusions and C–H–O–S–Pb Isotopes of the Huoluotai Porphyry Cu (Mo) Deposit in the Northern Great Xing’an Range, NE China: Implications for Ore Genesis

The Huoluotai Cu (Mo) deposit is a recently discovered porphyry Cu deposit in the northern Great Xing’an Range, NE China. Fluid inclusion (FI) micro-thermometry results and the C–H–O–S–Pb isotope compositions of the Huoluotai Cu (Mo) deposit are presented in this study. The ore-forming process consists of the sulfide-barren quartz stage (I), the quartz + chalcopyrite ± pyrite ± molybdenite stage (II), the quartz + polymetallic sulfide stage (III), and the quartz + calcite ± pyrite ± fluorite stage (IV). Cu mineralization occurred mainly in stage II. Four types of FIs were recognized: liquid-rich two-phase FIs (L-type), vapor-rich two-phase FIs (V-type), daughter-mineral-bearing three-phase FIs (S-type), and CO2-bearing FIs (C-type). In stage I, the ore-forming fluids belong to an H2O−NaCl−CO2 system. In stages II, III, and IV, the ore-forming fluids belong to an H2O−NaCl system. The results of the FI micro-thermometry and H–O isotope analysis show that the ore-forming fluids originated from a magmatic origin in stage I and mixed with meteoric water from stages II to IV. The S–Pb isotope results suggest that the source of the ore-forming materials has the characteristics of a crust–mantle-mixing origin. Fluid boiling occurred in stages I and II. The FI micro-thermometric data further show that Cu was mainly deposited below 400 °C in stage II, suggesting that fluid boiling occurring below 400 °C may be the primary factor for Cu precipitation in the Huoluotai Cu (Mo) deposit.
Membrane Technology for Valorization of Mango Peel Extracts

Mango peel is rich in nutritional and functional compounds, such as carbohydrates, dietary fibers, proteins, and phenolic compounds, with high potential to be applied in the food industry. Most of the investigation about recovery of bioactive compounds from fruit bioproducts involves extraction techniques and further separation of target compounds. There is still a lack of information about the potential of membrane processes to recover the nutritive/functional compounds present in aqueous extracts of those bioproducts. This research is addressed to study the performance of ultrafiltration (UF), followed by nanofiltration (NF) of UF permeates, to fractionate the compounds present in aqueous extracts of mango peel. Both UF and NF concentration processes were carried up to a volume concentration factor of 2.0. Membranes with molecular weight cut-offs of 25 kDa and 130 Da were used in the UF and NF steps, respectively. UF and NF concentrates showed antioxidant activity, attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, with rejections of about 75% and 98.8%, respectively. UF membranes totally rejected the higher molecular weight compounds, and NF membranes almost totally concentrated the fermentable monosaccharides and disaccharides. Therefore, it is envisaged that NF concentrates can be utilized by the food industry or for bioenergy production.
Classroom support for students’ digital literacy skills for learning in Tanzania’s public universities

ABSTRACT This paper explores classroom support for students’ acquisition of digital literacy skills for learning at the University of Dar es Salaam and Sokoine University of Agriculture in Tanzania. The paper contains qualitative data collected through questionnaires and informal discussions. The study found limited classroom support for students’ digital literacy skills for learning because instructors are not prepared for it. Teaching activities that instructors implement do not reflect the attributes of digital literacy skills students should possess. Therefore, the paper challenges universities to mainstream students’ digital literacy skills and train instructors to assume the skills support role.
Antioxidant Capacities and Polyphenol Contents of Kombucha Beverages Based on Vine Tea and Sweet Tea

Kombucha beverage is commonly prepared by black tea infusion fermentation without tea residues, and possesses various health benefits. In this paper, kombucha beverages of two non-Camellia sinensis teas, including vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) and sweet tea (Rubus suavissimus), were studied for the first time. The antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents of kombucha beverages were evaluated by ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. In addition, effects of tea residues on antioxidant capacities of kombucha beverages were evaluated. The results showed that kombucha beverages from vine tea and sweet tea possessed strong antioxidant activities (especially vine tea kombucha), and fermentation with tea residues could significantly increase antioxidant capacities (maximum increase of 38%) and total phenolic content (maximum increase of 55%) of two kombucha beverages compared with those without tea residues. Moreover, the sensory evaluations showed that the sensory evaluation scores of kombucha with tea residues could be improved compared with those without tea residues. Furthermore, the concentrations of several bioactive components in the kombucha beverages were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. These kombucha beverages could be used for prevention of several diseases with related of oxidative stress.
Effect of New Surfactants on Biological Properties of Liquid Soaps

Liquid soaps are the basic cosmetics used to clean the skin of the hands. Frequent hand washing prevents viral contamination but may damage the skin’s hydro-lipid layer, leading to various types of irritation. Therefore, four liquid soap formulas were developed with three amphoteric surfactants: Cocamidopropyl Betaine (LS II), CocamidopropylHydroxysultaine (LS III), and newly synthesized Evening PrimroseaamidopropylSulfobetaine (LS IV). We evaluated the skin irritating potential (zein number, bovine albumin test) and cytotoxicity (AlamarBlue™, Cell viability, and Cell cycle assays) on HaCaT cell line. We observed lower values of the zein number and bovine albumin tests after adding soaps with surfactants (the highest differences in LS IV) compared to the base soap (LS I). However, LS I and LS II did not differ in cytotoxic assays. Therefore, adding LS III and LS IV seems potentially more dangerous to the cells. However, it should be noted that cells were continuously exposed to liquid soaps for more than 24 h, so its cytotoxic effects after dermal use in humans may be unnoticeable. Concluding, results suggest that the newly synthesized LS IV should improve the safety of liquid hand washing soaps.
A Novel Muco-Gingival Approach for Immediate Implant Placement to Obtain Soft- and Hard-Tissue Augmentation

The aim of this article is to describe a novel approach combining muco-gingival, regenerative and prosthetics concepts for immediate implant insertion that overcomes the limits traditionally considered as contraindications for Type 1 flapless implant positioning, simultaneously obtaining soft- and hard-tissue augmentation. After pre-surgical CBCT evaluation, the surgical technique consisted in the execution of a lateral-approach coronally advanced envelope flap, with oblique submarginal interproximal incisions directed towards the flap’s center of rotation (the tooth to be extracted); after buccal-flap elevation, the atraumatic extraction of the tooth was performed. Following guided implant insertion, a mixture of biomaterial and autologous bone was placed, stabilized by a pericardium membrane and a connective-tissue graft sutured in the inner aspect of the buccal flap. The peri-implant soft tissues were conditioned with a provisional crown until the shape and position for the mucosal scallop to resemble the gingival margin of the adjacent corresponding tooth were obtained; then, the definitive screw-retained restoration was placed. Within the limitations of this case report, the proposed immediate implant placement approach combining CTG application and buccal bone regeneration showed the possibility of obtaining 1-year-follow-up implant success, stable bone level, good esthetic results and high patient satisfaction.
Flip-Chip AlGaN/GaN Schottky Barrier Diode Using Buried-Ohmic Anode Structure With Robust Surge Current Ruggedness and Transient Energy Sustaining Capability

Robust reliability is essential for electronic devices against inductive transient shocks in power switching applications. In this work, rugged surge current tolerance and transient energy sustaining capability are simultaneously demonstrated in AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) for the first time, which greatly fills the research gap toward the device reliability requirements for inductive switching applications. Such robustness is attributed to the combined advantages of the uniquely designed buried-ohmic anode structure and efficient thermal management enabled by substrate thinning and flip-chip packaging techniques. The resultant device exhibits a high surge current density of 3.4 kA/cm2 (42 A) and a critical transient dissipating energy density of 1.5 J/cm2 (18.6 mJ). All these values are the highest reported in AlGaN/GaN SBDs. In particular, the superior switching performance with nanosecond reverse recovery time is achieved under a 400-V operating condition with a fast di/dt of 200 A/ $\mu \text{s}$ , implying the desired functionality of the proposed device architecture. This work, thus, makes a significant step in reaching the promise of AlGaN/GaN SBDs for high-reliability and high-power applications.
Networked Energy Cooperation in Dual Powered Green Cellular Networks

Designing solar-enabled and power grid connected, ‘dual-powered’, cellular networks is challenging due to the double stochasticity arising from energy harvest and user traffic, resulting in spatio-temporally varying traffic-energy imbalances. Improper strategy to optimize the power grid connectivity results in generation of significant carbon footprint. In this paper, we present an analytical framework to mathematically capture the traffic-energy imbalances in such a dual-powered network and propose to improve the temporal network energy utilization by exploiting these imbalances through a cooperative energy sharing mechanism among the base stations (BSs), via the grid infrastructure itself. The cooperative communication system is designed and optimized independently from two perspectives, namely, grid energy procurement and carbon emission minimization (in carbon free ‘energy producer’ mode) and operator revenue maximization (in ‘energy prosumer’ mode). The energy producer mode involves the BSs, without the flexibility to procure energy and acting as distributed energy source to the power grid. The energy prosumer mode provides additional flexibility of grid energy procurement to the BSs in addition to energy sharing and selling. For a given capital expenditure (CAPEX), both the optimization problems are reformulated into convex quadratic problems and closed form expressions for the optimal quanta of energies to be shared/procured through/from the grid are obtained. The optimal CAPEX for the proposed modes of network operation are obtained via linear revenue maximization problem formulation. The results demonstrate that the proposed cooperative energy framework significantly improves the temporal network energy utilization, thereby reducing the grid energy procurement and providing significant revenue gains compared to the state-of-art.
Rest Intensity of Dormant Peach and Apricot Leaf Buds as Influenced By Temperature, Cold Hardiness and Respiration1

A bell shaped, rest-intensity curve as a function of time was obtained for ‘Elberta’ peach and ‘Chinese’ apricot leaf buds growing in the field. Rest was not closely associated with fluctuating environmental temperatures, cold hardiness, or rate of respiration. Apricot leaf buds reached the peak of their rest before peach leaf buds, and it was not as intense or as deep as it was with the peach buds. Rest was completed by both species at the same time in early January.