Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Cerebral Oxygenation and Perfusion on Tolerance to Central Hypovolemia

Kay, Victoria L. , The Role of Cerebral Oxygenation and Perfusion on Tolerance to Central Hypovolemia. Doctor of Philosophy (Biomedical Sciences), July, 2015, 150 pp., 9 Tables, 15 figures, bibliography. Tolerance to central hypovolemia, including hemorrhage, is highly variable between individuals. The role of cerebral oxygenation and regional cerebral perfusion on tolerance to central hypovolemia has not been explored. Protection of posterior cerebral perfusion may be an important factor in tolerance, as the posterior circulation supplies blood to the autonomic and respiratory control centers in the brain stem. Additionally, despite the reduction in cerebral oxygen delivery with central hypovolemia via decreased flow, the role of compensatory increases in oxygen extraction and subsequent cerebral tissue oxygenation on tolerance have not been identified. The oscillatory pattern of cerebral blood flow has recently been identified as a contributing factor to improving tolerance to central hypovolemia, and may be more important than the protection of absolute flow. This finding was demonstrated when comparing high vs. low tolerant individuals, and in subjects who exhibited increased tolerance to central hypovolemia while breathing against inspiratory resistance. We hypothesized that healthy human subjects with naturally high tolerance to central hypovolemia, and subjects breathing against inspiratory resistance under hypovolemic stress would exhibit 1) protection of cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2); 2) prolonged preservation of cerebral blood flow in the posterior versus anterior cerebral circulation, and; 3) higher LF oscillations in cerebral blood flow. The major findings from these investigations are: 1) subjects with high tolerance to central hypovolemia exhibited protection of ScO2 and velocity in the posterior cerebral circulation; 2) LF oscillations did not play a role in the protection of ScO2; 3) resistance breathing improved tolerance to central hypovolemia, but not via protection of ScO2 or velocity in either the anterior or posterior cerebral circulation, and; 4) resistance breathing was associated with increased high frequency oscillatory power in arterial pressure, anterior and posterior cerebral blood velocity, and ScO2. We conclude that individuals with naturally high tolerance to central hypovolemia exhibit protection of cerebral tissue oxygenation and prolonged preservation of perfusion within the posterior cerebral circulation, but not in the anterior circulation, thus delaying the onset of presyncope. Improved tolerance to central hypovolemia via resistance breathing was not related to these mechanisms, but may have been associated with increased depth of breathing, subsequently decreasing intracranial pressure and increasing cerebral perfusion pressure. THE ROLE OF CEREBRAL OXYGENATION AND PERFUSION ON TOLERANCE TO CENTRAL HYPOVOLEMIA
Influence of zinc and iron application methods on available soil nutrient status and nutrient uptake by foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) genotypes

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Hagari, Karnataka in medium black soil during rabi-2017 to study the influence of zinc and iron application methods on available soil nutrients and nutrient uptake by foxtail millet genotypes at harvest. Research was carried out in split plot design consisting of three genotypes in the main plot and seven methods of micronutrients application in sub plot, it was replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that, foxtail millet genotype Sia-2644 (G3) in main plot recorded significantly higher total zinc and iron uptake (0.206 kg ha-1 and 3.96 kg ha-1) compare to other genotypes. In sub plot treatment, M7 (RDF + Soil application of ZnSO4 at 15 kg ha-1 and FeSO4 at 10 kg ha-1 + Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 and FeSO4 each 30 DAS) recorded significantly higher total N, P, K, Zinc and iron uptake (136.07 kg ha-1, 25.47 kg ha-1, 32.79 kg ha-1, 0.239 kg ha-1 and 4.49 kg ha-1, respectively). Whereas, significantly higher available soil N, P, K, zinc and iron (227 kg ha-1, 36.68 kg ha-1, 269 kg ha-1, 0.589 kg ha-1 and 3.595 kg ha-1, respectively) was recorded in RDF (M1:Control) at crop harvest. However, positive interaction effect between foxtail millet genotypes and methods of zinc and iron application on nutrient uptake was observed. But, no interaction effect on available soil nutrient status.
Distraction osteogenesis techniques in treatment of acquired and congenital shortening of the hand bones using a modified external mini-fixator

Дистракционный остеогенез по Илизарову – самый распространенный метод удлинения и коррекции деформаций костей, включая кости кисти и стопы. Основные методики, которые используются для удлинения костей кисти, основываются на этом методе. В статье описываются технические спецификации мини-фиксатора, разработанного для коротких трубчатых костей, представляются схемы его наложения на фаланги пальцев и пястные кости и приводятся иллюстрирующие их клинические примеры. Удлинение костей кисти было применено у 394 пациентов (566 сегментов кисти) в нашем центре в период с 1999 по 2012 г. Произведенное удлинение улучшило внешний вид и функции кисти. Ключевые слова: фаланга пальцев кисти, пястная кость, приобретенное и врожденное укорочение, удлинение, дистракционный остеогенез, мини-фиксатор.
Epidemiology and control

the mouth or pharynx, the cellulitis may extend into the mediastinum and so cause a septic pneumonia. The effect on the patient is that of a virulent septic infection, plus the interference with the function of the parts involved,-speech, deglutition, respiration-plus, also, the infection of larynx and lungs. Death may come in a few hours from overwhelming sepsis, or later from interference with nutrition and more particularly respiration (edema glottidis), or later yet from septic pneumonia, and it may even occur when the patient is seemingly convalescent, and then is apparently by heart failure. In Thomas's careful paper (An. Surg., I908, p. I69), he reports io6 cases, observed or collected; in ninety-two the swelling began external to the mouth and pharynx, and in sixty-one of them it was first noticed in the sub-maxillary region. Incision in this region, parallel to the border of the mandible, is of prime importance, though a mesial incision from the jaw to the hyoid quite through into the mouth has been advised and practised. The incision must go through the deep fascia or to pus. If it is made early only serum may be found, and gangrenous cellular tissue. After the supervention of edema of the larynx, tracheotomy will be of very doubtful value, as the trachea would be opened directly into an infected area. There has been much discussion regarding the keeping of the name "Ludwig's Angina. " In I895 Felix Simon, St. Thomas, London, claimed that acute edema of the larynx-edematous laryngitiserysipelas of pharynx and larynx-phlegmon of pharynx and larynx and angina ludovici, were all the same thing. This seems to me to be too sweeping a statement, for laryngeal and pharyngeal infection may occur without the cellulitis, or cellulitis may not lead to the infection of the larynx and pharynx. Thomas advises the keeping of the name, as indicating a fairly well defined lesion, which is said to be not so rare as my experience would make it.
TRADITIONAL NEWBORN CARE IN JIMMA TOWN, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA

BACKGROUND: Neonatal deaths in general, early neonatal deaths in particular now represent twothird of infant deaths and one-third of under-five deaths worldwide. Therefore, improving newborn survival is a major priority in child health today. Negotiation of improved neonatal health care practice into the community requires differentiation of benign from harmful indigenous practices. The objective of the study was to assess traditional care given to newborns in Jimma Town. METHODS: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 8-22, 2004 in Jimma Town among 700 mothers of infant age 6 months or less. Descriptive statistics and inferences were done using SPSS for Windows version 11.0 and statistical significance was taken when p 8/day) breast-feeding was reported by 569 (93.2%) of the mothers and breastfeeding problems by 44 (8.9%) of the mothers, Three hundred fifty six (58.4%) of the babies were bathed within 24 hours of delivery, butter was applied to the umbilical stump in 32 (48.7%) of the home delivered babies and only 17/85 (2.8%) “small” babies received additional care. CONCLUSION: High rate of ANC attendance and institutional delivery were observed. Practice of exclusive and on-demand breast-feeding was high and very few neonates received prelactal feeds. Most babies slept with their mothers Home delivered babies were exposed to harmful practices and small babies did not receive special care. harmful practices were Mothers should be educated during ANC follow up and after delivery on the need for special care to low birth weight/smaller babies.
MiRNAs profiling and degradome sequencing between the CMS-line N816S and its maintainer line Ning5m during anther development in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Utilization of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is significant for agriculture. MiRNAs are a class of endogenously non-coding small RNAs (21-24 nt) that play key roles in the regulation of various growth and developmental processes in plants. The knowledge miRNA-guided CMS regulation is rather limited in pepper. To better understand the miRNAs involvement and regulatory mechanism of CMS, miRNA libraries from anther of CMS-line N816S and its maintainer line Ning5m were generated by miRNAome sequencing in pepper. A total of 76 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected, of which 18 miRNAs were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, miRNA targets were identified by degradome sequencing. The result showed that 1292 targets that were potentially cleaved by 321 miRNAs (250 conserved miRNAs and 71 novel miRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that 35 differentially expressed miRNAs might play roles in the regulation of CMS sterility, by cleaving 77 target transcripts, such as MYBs, SPLs, and AFRs, of which targeted by miR156, miR167, miRNA858 family. Nineteen miRNA-cleaved targets were selectively examined by qRT-PCR, and the results showed that there were mostly negative correlations between miRNAs and their targets on the expression level. These findings provide a valuable information to understand miRNAs mechanism during anther development and CMS occurrence in pepper.
Examining What Variables Lead to Improved Outcomes for Club Sports Participants

Student affairs and campus recreation practitioners trumpet the values of cocurricular experiences and believe that they can have a deep impact on key learning outcomes for participants. This study surveys club sports participants at the University of Vermont to assess club sports participant satisfaction, belonging, and participations impact on key outcomes. The study affirms the reliability and validity of the survey instrument through strong internal consistency scores and factor analysis. It also positively affirms a positive relationship between key variables such as satisfaction and belonging to key outcomes. A final key finding of this study is the statistically significant effect of belonging scores on key outcomes.
Annexin A1 in Malignancy

Annexin A1 (Anxa1) is an agent of the superfamily of Annexin proteins. Previously, it was known as a mediator in the anti-inflammatory response of glucocorticoids. In several types of research in past decades, it was reported as lipomodulin, lipocortin-1, renocortin, and macrocortin, before it was termed Annexin A1. Anxa1 has complex roles in different essential cellular processes as membrane aggregation, cellular transduction, phagocytosis, inflammation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Cumulative evidence has suggested that Anxa1 dysregulations are linked to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, metastasis, invasion, and drug resistance of cancers by contributing to cell proliferation and differentiation, cell apoptosis and signaling. Recently, there is growing evidence indicates that Anxa1 could function either as a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor candidate for certain cancers relying on the specific type of tumor cells/tissues.In this article, we attempt to clarify the association between Annexin A1 and malignancies, as well as potential action mechanisms. Anxa1 may serve as prognostic predictor of outcome and response to chemotherapy and a potential target for therapy in the future.
REEVALUATION OF THE DIAGNOSIS RELATED GROUPS SYSTEM IN GREECE: THE EXAMPLE OF CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT PROCEDURE

Background. Aim of the current prospective study is to investigate and revise the basic information related to the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure, in an attempt to reevaluate the current Greek Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) system. Methods. In a Greek academic cardiothoracic surgical department, implementing clinical therapeutic protocols, we prospectively recruited 75 patients planned to undergo elective CABG. All basic demographic, medical and perioperative data were gathered in an extensive database, so as to be compared with data predicted by the DRG’s system. Clinical indicators of performance aiming towards quality control were: perioperative mortality, postoperative myocardial infarct, postoperative stroke, postoperative renal failure, total hospital length of stay, rate of reoperation and rate of readmission. Results. None of the study patients deceased. No cases of perioperative myocardial infarct, stroke or renal failure were observed. Two of the patients developed respiratory failure, and one was reoperated for the control of perioperative bleeding. There were no cases of readmission to the hospital. The total length of stay was longer than the DRG’s prediction (mean 11.5 vs 7 days), owed partially to the preoperative stay (mean 3.18 days) in the department, due to reasons of medical vigilance and organisatory problems that led to the postponement of the operation. Conclusions. A review of the CABG related DRG’s in Greece seems appropriate, based on the findings of the current study, suggesting a longer than predicted hospital stay.
The combination of pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor CI-1033 and lovastatin: A potential novel therapeutic approach in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

The ErbB family of receptors are key regulators of growth, differentiation, migration and survival of epithelial cells. CI-1033 is an irreversible pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has the ability to inhibit EGFR function but has shown limited therapeutic efficacy. Lovastatin targets the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway. In this study, the ability of lovastatin to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of CI-1033 was evaluated. The combination of lovastatin and CI-1033 exhibited some cooperative cytotoxic activity in a squamous cell carcinoma–derived cell line. This combination resulted in enhanced cell death by induction of a potent apoptotic response. Furthermore, this drug combination inhibited EGF-induced EGFR autophosphorylation and activation of the downstream signaling effectors, ERK and AKT. These findings suggest that combining lovastatin and tyrosine kinase inhibitors may represent a novel combinational therapeutic approach in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Hydrological processes interconnecting the two largest watersheds of South America from seasonal to intra‐monthly time scales: A critical review

Many articles on the subjects of moisture transport, precipitation and surface hydrology of the two largest watersheds of South America, the Amazon and the La Plata basins, are stitched together to obtain an overview of the aspects related to the hydrological processes interconnecting them on time scales ranging from seasonal to intra‐monthly. In the mean, moisture from the tropical Atlantic Ocean is transported by the trade winds into the Amazon Basin. A good part of it precipitates over the Amazon Basin and the other part reaches the La Plata Basin by northerly winds east of the Andes. Besides the moisture transported from the Atlantic, there is evapotranspiration in the Amazon and La Plata basins. A part of the evapotranspiration of the Amazon Basin precipitates over the same basin, contributing with about 1/3 of annual precipitation this basin, and a part joins the aerial stream into the La Plata Basin, contributing with about 1/4 of its annual precipitation. Semi‐permanent and transient meteorological systems such as Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone, South Atlantic Convergence Zone, Low‐Level Jet (LLJ) east of the Andes, Madden–Julian Oscillation, cold fronts and cyclones play an important role in the seasonal and intra‐seasonal variations of precipitation, evapotranspiration and river discharge. The hydrological memory in Amazonian soils and the LLJ constitute an inter‐seasonal coupling between the water balances of the two basins. All these aspects are succinctly described and discussed in this review article. Hypotheses for future research are formulated.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in vitiligo patients

Background: Vitiligo is associated with various autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease. The objectives of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with vitiligo, and to compare the clinical profile of anti-thyroid peroxidase positive and anti-thyroid peroxidase negative patients . Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in 100 patients with vitiligo and 100 controls. After dermatologic and systemic evaluation, serum thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels were measured in all the subjects. Results: Thyroid dysfunction was more common in the vitiligo group (27%) than in the controls. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone abnormalities were more common in the vitiligo group (27%) than in the controls (6%). The most common thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity was higher in the vitiligo group (36%) when compared to the controls (24%), and the most common type of vitiligo was vitiligo vulgaris (18%) in this group. Thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase positivity were more common in women (58%) when compared to men (42%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases in the vitiligo group (20%) compared to the controls (6%) . Conclusions: This study shows a significant association between vitiligo and thyroid dysfunction, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and other autoimmune diseases. We recommend that thyroid evaluation and regular follow-up should be done in patients with vitiligo for prompt detection of thyroid dysfunction .
Role of high resolution computed tomography in the clinico- radiological study of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases and in disease progression of tuberculosis

Background: This study was undertaken to detect and study the various HRCT patterns of DPLD, to assess disease progression of TB, also to evaluate disease prognosis and reversibility by quantification of data and compare it with clinical and functional impairment as evaluated by PFT; and to finally correlate it with a histopathological diagnosis wherever necessary. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, SLIMS from December 2014 to November 2016. Patients of all age groups (3-86 years) presenting with dyspnea at rest/exertion, dry cough and known cases of DPLD were included; known lung anomalies were excluded. Clinical history with relevant lab investigations was followed by computerized radiography and HRCT. The extent of disease on HRCT scans, assessed by the mean attenuation value of the lung, was correlated with the severity of dyspnea and PFT results. HPE was done for diagnostic confirmation. Results: IPF including chronic interstitial pneumonia comprised the most common group of diseases accounting for 28.3% cases followed by TB (25%). ‘Tree in bud’ appearance (71.4%), consolidation (42.8%) and scattered nodules (28.5%) are features of active disease while fibrosis (50%), honeycombing (50%), traction bronchiectasis (37.5%) and calcified granuloma (37.5%) are features of inactive disease. The histogram of the relative frequency of pulmonary attenuation values was depressed and skewed to the right in most cases. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the mean lung density and severity of dyspnea and the extent of functional impairment as measured by the reduction in DLCO. Seven cases of active TB, three of sarcoidosis, three of PSS and two each of ABPA and HP among others were biopsy proven. Conclusions: The present study concludes that HRCT is an invaluable tool in the detection, characterization, diagnosis, and evaluation of disease prognosis and reversibility of DPLDs especially in the study of disease progression of TB, in an appropriate clinical setting; while HPE is the gold standard for confirmation of the diagnosis.
BACTERIOLOGY AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WOUND INFECTIONS IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL, BENGALURU

Breach in the skin with exposure of subcutaneous tissue due to trauma, surgeries, burns, diabetic ulcers, etc. is known as a Wound. Successful invasion and proliferation by either one or more species of microorganisms will result in the infection of wound which may result in formation of pus. Infection can be due to either endogenous or exogenous bacteria. AIMS: To find the pattern of the bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns from the wound samples. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 420 patients with wound infection were included in the study. All the bacterial isolates were isolated and identified according to the standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS: 327 bacterial isolates were isolated and identified from 442 specimens from 420 patients. Gram negative bacteria were predominant followed by gram positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was predominant in gram positive organisms. Escherichia coli were predominant in gram negative organisms. Meropenem was the most sensitive antibiotic for gram negative bacteria and linezolid was the most sensitive antibiotic for gram positive bacteria. CONCLUSION: The successful management of wound infection depends on the knowledge of the most prevalent organisms and their antibiotic susceptibility profile along with infection control practices.
DETERMINAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL REMAJA JALANAN DI KOTA MEDAN TAHUN 2019

Street teenage sexual behavior is at risk for contracting and transmitting sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV / AIDS and others. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the determinants of sexual behavior in street adolescents in the city of Medan. This type of research is an analytic survey with cross sectional study design. The population of 242 street teenagers is a sample of respondents characteristic of 100 street teenagers with total smapel techniques. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed univariate, bivariate and multivariate using multiple logistic regression tests at a significance level of 95%. Research results obtained that knowledge (p = 0,001) and attitude (p = 0,009) is a factor associated with risky sexual behavior of street adolescents in Medan and the results of multivariate analysis showed that the variable most associated with risky sexual behavior is attitude. The conclusions in this study were obtained that knowledge and attitudes are associated with risky sexual behavior. It is expected that street youth can live a good and orderly social life through positive activities.