Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Methodology for Evaluation of Dietary Feeding Stimulants for the Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

A simple and practical method for quantification of feeding stimulation of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was developed using feed preference as an index of comparison. Feed preference was defined as the percentage of shrimp observed in each feeding tray. Preliminary trials were undertaken with two commercial feeds (45% protein with 5% squid meal and 40% protein without squid meal). Results indicated the following criteria were suitable for use as methodology for evaluating feeding stimulation in 5-m diameter static flow tanks: shrimp density (2.5 shrimp/m2); observational period (1 or 2 h post-addition of feed to trays), feed rate (2%), and between-trial feed rate (2%). A further investigation was undertaken to evaluate the influence of protein level and source on feed preference using a basal diet consisting of wheat flour, casein, carboxymethyl cellulose binder, and limestone, with or without krill meal as a feeding stimulant. A significant difference was shown in feeding preference for the 16% protein/4% krill meal vs. one without krill meal; however, this relationship was not shown in 45% protein feed comparisons. A second trial comparing 0, 16,30, and 45 % protein/casein-based feeds showed similar results. From these findings, it was postulated that casein, itself, also serves as a feeding stimulant at high dietary inclusion levels. A third trial comparing 16% protein/casein or wheat gluten-based feeds Indicated a delay of at least 2 h in maximum feeding preference response in feeds in which 4% krill meal was added as a feeding stimulant. It was postulated that chemical stimulants from krill meal were more slowly released in wheat gluten-based feeds. Our methodology appears suitable for evaluation of potential feeding stimulants when incorporated into low-protein casein-based or wheat-gluten-based feeds.
The jumping to conclusions bias associated with symptoms in schizophrenia: which factors influence this bias?

ABSTRACT Jumping-to-conclusions (JTC) bias has been found to be associated with delusions. However, there is limited data about which other factors are related to JCT bias. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of psychotic, cognitive, impulsivity and anxiety symptoms on JTC bias. We compared individuals with paranoid schizophrenia, non-paranoid schizophrenia, generalized anxiety disorder and healthy individuals in terms of JTC bias. Beads task (90:10 and 60:40 versions), Tower of London task, BPRS, SAPS, SANS and BIS-11 were applied. Our results show that the factors related with JTC bias were different on each version of the Beads task. Education levels, anxiety and negative symptoms of individuals with schizophrenia were found to affect JTC bias on 90:10 version of task, whereas positive symptoms and impulsivity levels were related to JTC bias on 60:40 version. These results are important as they contribute to our understanding of this relationship.
The role of fluoride on eruption of mandibular molar of albino rats

Eruption of the tooth is a complex and highly regulated process which can be influenced by genetic, environmental and systemic factors. Fluoride is found naturally in water as well as in foods and dental products. The first mandibular molar is the first molar to erupt and it is essential for mastication of food. We studied the effect of fluoride on the eruption of the first mandibular molar in albino rats. Fluoride at different concentrations was added to the water of pregnant albino rats while sterile water without fluoride was given to the control pregnant dams. The pregnant dams were allowed to deliver, and the heads of their pups carefully decapitated, and mandibles dissected out on days 10, 12, 15 and 18 for assessment of eruption pattern of the first molar while also measuring the mandibular length and breadth. The mandibles were then processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining. On gross examination, some of the teeth developed intraosseously while others were located mucosally, pre-occlusally or occlusally. There was significant reduction in both the birth weight and mandibular length as the fluoride concentration increased compared to the control but a significant increment in the mandibular breadth between the experimental groups in comparison with the control group on day 15 (p value <0.05). These findings suggest that high concentrations of fluoride could delay mandibular molars’ eruption and also cause low birth weight. Key Words: fluoride, mandibular molar, tooth eruption
Consilium Smartphone App for Real-World Electronically Captured Patient-Reported Outcome Monitoring in Cancer Patients Undergoing anti-PD-L1-Directed Treatment

Digital patient monitoring gains importance for quality of clinical cancer care. Our case report provides insight into usability and acceptance of a smartphone app for monitoring of electronically captured patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing immunotherapy. During 3 months, 6 patients with advanced or metastatic PD-L1-positive cancer of the lung, prostate, and bladder who underwent checkpoint immunotherapy were using the Consilium app for standardized and structured electronic reporting of symptoms and therapy side effects. We evaluated the number and quality of symptom entries as well as usability and safety of shared reporting between the patient and the treating physician. Duration of anti-PD-L1-directed immunotherapy in the 6 patients ranged from 4 to 10 months and comprised a total of 21 anti-PD-L1-directed immunotherapy cycles. Patients reported between 4 and 16 different symptoms, of which the most frequent (57%) were dry cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, fever, and appetite loss. Overall, 1,279 symptom entries were counted, corresponding to 2.4 symptom entries per patient per day. Symptom severity grading ranged from 0.1 (very slight symptoms) to 7.8 (severe symptoms), which triggered prespecified alerts in 4 of the 6 patients. No unplanned visits were noted, and no safety issues occurred. Satisfaction with the app usability was high, as was the beneficial effect on consultation. Usability and reviewed data entries indicate high shared reporting efforts of patients and treating physicians and overall satisfaction with electronically reported patient outcomes.
Tracking the global flows of atmospheric moisture and associated uncertainties

Abstract. Many processes in hydrology and Earth system science relate to continental moisture recycling, the contribution of terrestrial evaporation to precipitation. For example, the effects of land-cover changes on regional rainfall regimes depend on this process. To study moisture recycling, a range of moisture-tracking models are in use that are forced with output from atmospheric models but differ in various ways. They can be Eulerian (grid-based) or Lagrangian (trajectory-based), have two or three spatial dimensions, and rely on a range of other assumptions. Which model is most suitable depends not only on the purpose of the study but also on the quality and resolution of the data with which it is forced. Recently, the high-resolution ERA5 reanalysis data set has become the state of the art, paving the way for a new generation of moisture-tracking models. However, it is unclear how the new data can best be used to obtain accurate estimates of atmospheric moisture flows. Here we develop a set of moisture-tracking models forced with ERA5 data and systematically test their performance regarding continental evaporation recycling ratio, distances of moisture flows, and “footprints” of evaporation from seven point sources across the globe. We report simulation times to assess possible trade-offs between accuracy and speed. Three-dimensional Lagrangian models were most accurate and ran faster than Eulerian versions for tracking water from single grid cells. The rate of vertical mixing of moisture in the atmosphere was the greatest source of uncertainty in moisture tracking. We conclude that the recently improved resolution of atmospheric reanalysis data allows for more accurate moisture tracking results in a Lagrangian setting, but that considerable uncertainty regarding turbulent mixing remains. We present an efficient Lagrangian method to track atmospheric moisture flows from any location globally using ERA5 reanalysis data and make the code for this model, which we call UTrack-atmospheric-moisture, publicly available.
Involvement of tRNA Bound Cytokinin on the Gall Formation in Zizania

Isolement des formes conjuguees de la cytokinine a partir de rameaux vegetatifs et de rameaux floriferes de Zizania. Quantification de la cytokinine dans ces deux types de rameaux ainsi que dans les galles. Mise en evidence du role des formes conjuguees de la cytokinine dans la formation des galles
Estimation of Nitrogen Fixation by the Natural 15~-abundance Technique and Nitrogen uptake by Pigeonpea Genotypes of Different Maturity Groups grown in an ~nce~tisol'

The nuduiauon, nitrogen firnuon and nirrogen uprrtc of four pigeonpea genoqpes bclon~ng lo ertn shon dundon, shon dundon and long duration mamriry groups grown on an Incrpusol lucre studied to examine umhg, dcqpitc the paor nadulntian of pigconpea in this soil, it still produces greater yicldr than in Alfi~olr and Vcrdrolr. Thc perccnrxgc niniirogcn dcrircd from the alrnorphcre (%Ndfr) war crtirnntsd by "N nntuial nbundancc snd N- diffrrcncc methods using n long durnrion sorghum as rhe non.6ling tefccencc crop. In grnenl, nodulttion of pigconpea in the lncepusol u.8~ much lowcr than thrr reporrcd in Nfisds and Ycrdrols. The rbovc-ground dry mrrtcr ranged fmm 3.1 to 17.1 r ha-' while the N uptake rangcd from 62.3 lo 215 kg hn-'. The faUen plant pans of pi con es cnorypr ranged from 1.4 to 4.9 t hCt s.nd thetr N contents rangcd from 25 to 84 kg hn-! Thf crknater of pcrccnrrge Ndfa obtnincd by the w o rncthods werc different. Thorc obtained by the "N natural abundance appcarcd moic appropnntc as the 6 " ~ of sorghunl hatvoted along with shon dundon pigconpca and latcrwhcn it was msrurc did not chmngc significantly. Thc cxtn short duration pigconpea gcnorypc lCPL 84023 conrnincd very litde N from atmospheric Nz, while the short duration pigconpen cv. ICPL 151 had 17 % Ndfa and the long dundon genotypes ICPL 366 md l7 had up to 36% Ndfa. It czn bc concluded that one of the causer of high yields of pigeonpea on Inccpurolr compared to Alfisols and Venisols despite poor nodulrdon could be ~ h c high N supplying capactr). of thcse Inccprisolr. Strategies have k c n suggested n to how pigeonpca genotypes grown in l~rcrprirols could irnpmvc rhcir nodulrtion snd mtrogcn fixnuon md thus bcrrer coartribute to a ruruinrblc %@culture.
Magnetohydrodynamic effects on liquid metal film flowing along an inclined plate relating to plasma facing components

The liquid metal film plasma facing component (PFC) is considered to be one of the most promising ways to realize a PFC capbable of operating for long periods. However, in the presence of a magnetic field, magnetohydrodynamic effects appearing in the liquid metal film flow directly influence the reliability of the flowing liquid metal limiter or divertor. In the present study, we consider the influence of flow rate, transverse magnetic field, and inclination angle, and conduct experiments on a liquid metal film flowing along an inclined conducting stainless steel plate. A laser profilometer (LP) and a high-speed camera are respectively adopted to obtain the local film thickness quantitatively, and its free surface structures qualitatively. We observe the magnetohydrodynamic effects of liquid metal film flow, such as the nonmonotonic change of film thickness, the reduction of film flow velocity, and the weakening of free surface waves in the direction of magnetic lines. Moreover, the film thickness increases with an increasing flow rate, whereas it decreases with an increasing inclination angle at a constant value of the magnetic field. When plotting the relative film thickening δen, and the reduction of flow velocity against the Stuart number N, we find that there is a critical N, Ncr ≈ 0.1, at which δen begins to increase dramatically. The δensinβ with 1∘≤β≤5∘, based on all of the experimental data, collapses into one line, which can be scaled as δensinβ ∼ N. The present experimental data and its scaling law may prove useful for estimating magnetohydrodynamic effects on liquid metal film flows when considering the design of liquid metal film PFCs.
Detecção de cepas patogênicas pela PCR multiplex e avaliação da sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de Escherichia coli isoladas de leitões diarréicos

The frequency of virulence determinants genes for fimbrial adhesions (K88, K99, 987P, F18 and F41) and toxins (LT, Stb, StaP and Stx2e) in E. coli strains isolated from diarrheic piglets using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay with specific primers for these genes was studied. The antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of pathogenic isolates for florfenicol, sodium ceftiofur, colistin, fosfomycin, neomycin, norfloxacin, sulfa + trimetoprim, doxycycline, tetracycline and lincomycin was also tested using the disk diffusion method. E. coli were isolated from 144 diarrheic piglets from farms in the state of Minas Gerais. Forty-two out of 144 studied samples (29.2%) were positive for at least one tested virulence factor. Out of these 42, 23 samples (54.8%) contained fimbria and toxin genes, seven (16.6%) samples had genes for toxins only and 12 (28.6%) samples just fimbria genes. Disk diffusion in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity test demonstrated the best results for florfenicol (89.5%) and sodium ceftiofur (84.2%) against virulent E. coli strains.
Mate retention in Giant Canada Geese

Of 73 pairs of Giant Canada Geese (Branta canadensis maxima) in which both members of the pair were marked with individually identifiable neckbands, 68 (93%) remained together for as long as both members were alive or retained their markers. Collectively, these data represent 183 years of pair histories (sum of pairs × years of records). One pair that had raised a brood in the summer they were captured and marked separated during the next breeding season; neither re-paired with another bird, and then they rejoined the following autumn and remained together for five consecutive breeding seasons (and winters). Members of four (5.5%) pairs obtained new mates while their former mates were still alive. Of 17 surviving members of pairs in which the mate died (or disappeared) over winter, 15 (88%) re-paired. Data on reproductive success of 4 of these new pairs were not obtained, but 10 of 11 of the other new pairs successfully reared broods.
Forelimb musculature of kangaroos with particular emphasis on the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii (Desmarest, 1817)

Comparative morphological studies can provide insights into an animal’s ecology and evolutionary history. Functional morphological studies of the kangaroo forelimb are few in number and new work could provide novel tools to aid in the interpretation of fossil taxa and the understanding of the evolutionary history of kangaroos and marsupials as a whole. A description of the shoulder and forelimb musculature of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) with comparisons to the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus Desmarest, 1842), the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus Desmarest, 1817) and the quokka (Setonix brachyurus Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) is presented. The species chosen were readily available and represent a range in size of the archetypal kangaroo form. Muscle maps of forelimb and shoulder muscles were constructed as an aid to comparing the spatial arrangement of muscle origins and insertions. The anatomical pattern of forelimb musculature in terrestrial macropodine kangaroos and wallabies is highly conservative. Functionally, the musculature of the forelimb corresponds to a supporting role of the limb during slow pentapedal locomotion. The illustrations of muscle insertions provided in this work will be a useful reference for future work in comparative marsupial anatomy and palaeobiology.
The politics of youth struggles for land in post-land reform Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT The youth in post-land reform Zimbabwe are engaged in struggles for land ownership, access and control. This article focuses on youth struggles from the grassroots to the national level. The struggles for land emanate from a number of factors among which are: elite alienation, the state’s failure to exercise its constitutional mandate of a broad-based land reform, weak economic structure, the conflation of party and state politics, political opportunity calculations and social justice concerns. The conflation of party and state politics has exacerbated the use of land for patronage purposes and led to further youth disenfranchisement and more parochialism, as demonstrated by the narrowing of the youth’s national struggle for land to a party political matter. This has subordinated youth land struggles to the dictates of party politics. Youth in the rural areas unable to access productive land embarked on informal land occupation as they waited for unfulfilled promises from the authorities. The youth struggles are at a crossroads as the state’s narrative, discourse and policy position shifts under a new administration and economic order premised on neoliberalism.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3) protects β-cells against interleukin-1β- and interferon-γ-mediated toxicity

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3) is a negative feedback regulator of IFN-γ signaling, shown up-regulated in mouse bone marrow cells by the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IFN-γ. IL-1β and IFN-γ alone, or potentiated by TNF-α, are cytotoxic to the insulin producing pancreatic β-cells and β-cell lines in vitro and suggested to contribute to the specific β-cell destruction in Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Using a doxycycline-inducible SOCS-3 expression system in the rat β-cell line INS-1, we demonstrate that the toxic effect of both IL-1β or IFN-γ at concentrations that reduced the viability by 50% over 3 days, was fully preventable when SOCS-3 expression was turned on in the cells. At cytokine concentrations or combinations more toxic to the cells, SOCS-3 overexpression yielded a partial protection. Whereas SOCS-3-mediated inhibition of IFN-γ signaling is described in other cell systems, SOCS-3 mediated inhibition of IL-1β signaling has not previously been described. In addition we show that SOCS-3 prevention of IL-1β-induced toxicity is accompanied by inhibited transcription of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by 80%, resulting in 60% decreased formation of the toxic nitric oxide (NO). Analysis of isolated native rat islets exposed to IL-1β revealed a naturally occurring but delayed up-regulated SOCS-3 transcription. Influencing SOCS-3 expression thus represents an approach for affecting cytokine-induced signal transduction at a proximal step in the signal cascade, potentially useful in future therapies aimed at reducing the destructive potential of β-cell cytotoxic cytokines in T1DM, as well as other cytokine-dependent diseases.
Fumigant toxicity and antiacetylcholinesterase activity of Saudi Mentha longifolia and Lavandula dentata Species against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Suudi Mentha longifolio ve Lavandula dentata türlerinin Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)'a karşi fümigan

Summary Mentha longifolia (L.) and Lavandula dentata (L.) (Lamiaceae) are two wild growing folk medicine plants that in Saudi Arabia. This work was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and evaluate the fumigant toxicity of their essential oils against the adults (3-5-day-old) of cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The main compounds in M. longifolia oil were pulegone (74.95%), 1,8-cineole (7.35%), l-menthone (6.62%), and eucarvone (2.68%), while the main constituents in L. dentata oil were camphor (61.43%), fenchone (24.3%), d-fenchol (2.15%), and linalool (1.52%). The two oils showed LC50 values of 4.43 and 7.92 µl/L air and exhibited antiacetylcholinesterase activity with IC50 values of 1.01 and 9.74 µl/ml, respectively. The results proved the potential use of these natural materials as effective alternatives to synthetic pesticides.
Optimization of beef patties produced with vegetable oils: a mixture design approach and sensory evaluation

The exaggerated consumption of fast food and ready to eat products is a common practice which results in an unbalanced intake of saturated fats. On order to improve the fat composition of beef patties, mixture design was used to optimize the inclusion of pomace olive oil (PDD) and canola oil (CD). Cooking yield, moisture retention, diameter reduction, color, texture and sensorial parameters were accessed. Models showed, with a 94.5% of variance explained, that the inclusion of PDD and CD should be limited in order to maintain a low acidity index and texture parameters comparable to commercial burgers of similar composition. Preference test, consumer profile, acceptability, penalty analysis and Check-all-that-apply (CATA) results indicated that a parcial replacement of pork fat (PF) can be considered. On sum, formulations with improved fat composition (50 or 33% replaced animal fat by PDD and CD) were obtained.
Influences of Mechanized Thinning and Prescribed Fire on Understory Vegetation in an Uneven-Aged Jeffrey Pine Stand

Thinnings using cut-to-length and whole-tree harvesting systems followed by prescribed underburning were assessed for their effects on shrub, forb, and grass understory species in a second-growth Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) stand. Prior to treatment installation, a mixed shrub-dominated understory featuring antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata [Pursh] DC.) with mules ears (Wyethia mollis A. Gray) as the only forb and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl) the most prominent among sparse grasses was inventoried such that both percent cover and dry weight by species were revealed. Five growing seasons after thinning and four after underburning, this inventory was repeated. By either abundance measure, bitterbrush was reduced by approximately two-thirds in the cut-to-length treatment and by one-half in the whole-tree treatment in comparison to that in the unthinned control at the final inventory. For the cut-to-length treatment, a similar reduction in mules ears was noted, but that in the whole-tree treatment was somewhat less for this species. Bluegrass was reduced by approximately one-half in the former treatment and by threefourths in the latter. Prescription fire reduced bitterbrush to less than one-tenth and mules ears to approximately one-half of that in the unburned treatment, but bluegrass prevalence was more than 10× greater in the burned than in the unburned treatment. Among an array of regression models used to evaluate selected variables for their predictive capacity regarding understory plants, abundance of each species noted above among others was negatively correlated with overstory density across treatments.
Palynology of Oligocene sediments from central British Columbia

Plant microfossils have been recovered from Oligocene sediments which outcrop along the Fraser River in the central interior of British Columbia, Canada. The sediments are composed of interbedded clays, sands, gravels, and lignites which were deposited as a part of an ancestral Fraser River system.The most commonly encountered members of the assemblage are Quercus, Alnus Carya, Liquidambar, Ulmus/Zelkova, Juglans, Pterocarya, Osmunda, and members of the Taxodiaceae, with infrequent occurrences of Engelhardtia, Prosopis, ? Psilotum, Ephedra, and ? Dorstenia. This assemblage suggests a warm temperate to near subtropical climate. A warm polar sea, a lowered Coast Range to the west, and a greater elevation of the Rockies to the east are suggested as a possible explanation for the climate.One new genus and 11 new species have been erected. Several species, including Prosopis quesneli, Diervilla echinata, Triporate B, and Taxodium rousei appear to be restricted to these beds, and may well be good index fossils fo.