Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical behavior of NVIDIA tensor cores

We explore the floating-point arithmetic implemented in the NVIDIA tensor cores, which are hardware accelerators for mixed-precision matrix multiplication available on the Volta, Turing, and Ampere microarchitectures. Using Volta V100, Turing T4, and Ampere A100 graphics cards, we determine what precision is used for the intermediate results, whether subnormal numbers are supported, what rounding mode is used, in which order the operations underlying the matrix multiplication are performed, and whether partial sums are normalized. These aspects are not documented by NVIDIA, and we gain insight by running carefully designed numerical experiments on these hardware units. Knowing the answers to these questions is important if one wishes to: (1) accurately simulate NVIDIA tensor cores on conventional hardware; (2) understand the differences between results produced by code that utilizes tensor cores and code that uses only IEEE 754-compliant arithmetic operations; and (3) build custom hardware whose behavior matches that of NVIDIA tensor cores. As part of this work we provide a test suite that can be easily adapted to test newer versions of the NVIDIA tensor cores as well as similar accelerators from other vendors, as they become available. Moreover, we identify a non-monotonicity issue affecting floating point multi-operand adders if the intermediate results are not normalized after each step.
The intellectual structure of the sharing economy

This study analyzes the intellectual structure of the sharing economy (SE) in the hospitality and tourism industry, starting from a sample of 189 papers. A co-citation analysis was performed on the 99 most frequently cited studies. The analysis carried out identified five clusters. These groups include the following: (i) the constituent elements of sharing, (ii) the SE and the sharing phenomenon, (iii) noncommercial website platforms and the social impact generated by sharing firms, (iv) economic impacts, and (v) some negative impacts. Each cluster is succinctly described, presenting the main theme and some subtopics.
The quality of life, health needs and knowledge of children living with congenital heart disease in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Background. An understanding of the lived experiences of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) will aid in improving the way that both parents and medical practitioners manage them holistically. Objective. To explore the perceptions of children living with CHD in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province of South Africa (SA), on their quality of life (QoL), health needs and knowledge of their medical conditions. Methods. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. The study population comprised children aged between 8 and 12 years with CHD who attended cardiology clinics at the study hospital. Convenience sampling was used. Forty-three children participated in Phase 1 and 7 participants were interviewed in Phase 2. The study setting was a tertiary-level public hospital in eThekwini District, KZN, SA. The research procedure comprised a file audit of confirmed CHD in prospective participants. Caregivers completed a consent form while the children assented and completed the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire. Interviews were conducted in Phase 2. Results. Phase 1: Both genders had higher psychosocial functioning (PSF), compared with physical functioning (PF). Children with mixed cardiac defects had lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL), compared with cyanotic or acyanotic individuals. The effect of the number of cardiac procedures on the PF domain showed a significant effect ( p =0.042). Phase 2: This group had poor knowledge of their medical condition and had specific health needs. Conclusion. The findings highlight the need for improved knowledge/information on physical capabilities, medical information and support from family, caregivers and medical staff.
Istraživanje mehaničkih oštećenja stabala jele i drugih vrsta tijekom eksploatacije – Slučaj Šumarije „Glamoč“

Mechanisation used in forest utilisation has an impact on the occurrence of damage in stand and on forest land. The research in this work had the objective of determining damage on fir trees and other tree species during felling and processing of trees and their skidding using the forest cable-skidder. The research wasconducted in mixed beech and fir forests in the area of FMA “Glamočko”, M.U. “Hrbinje-Kujača”. The following data were gathered on damaged trees: tree type, breast height diameter, economic importance of the tree, amount of damage, location of damage, cause of damage, types of damage. Damage was recorded on a total of 305 trees, 133 trees of silver fir (Abies alba), 130 trees of European beech (Fagus sylvatica), 33 trees of European spruce (Picea abies), 8 trees of rowan/mountain-ash (Sorbusaucuparia) and one tree of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus). The overall damage intensity was 18.7%, but together with the old damages, the overall number of ‘wounds’ is 496. According to this, when the old damage isalso considered, then the intensity of damage amounts to 30.6%. The largest amount of damage is in the diameter sub-class ranging from 10 to 14.99 cm. According to the cause of damage, the largest amount of damage occurred during the wood extraction phase (217 trees), while during the felling phase, 88 trees or 29% were damaged. Since the wood extraction phase is divided into the winching and skidding phases, the total number of damaged trees during the winching phase amounted to 157 or 52%, while during the skidding phase, the number of damaged trees was 60 or 19%. To reduce damage to the trees during following operations in forest utilisation, it is necessary to perform more frequent training of all employees working on forest utilisation, to increase controls in execution of operations during forest utilisation, modernise machines used during forest exploitation, and in quality manner open compartments with forest road infrastructure.
STRUCTURAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS OF BEES (APOIDEA) FOR COLLECTING POLLEN'

Bees, like their wasp relatives, forage for and transport food to a nest as provisions for their offspring. Unlike female Sphecoidea which transport arthropods one at a time as prey, bees transport pollen requiring specialized scopal (brush) or corbicular (fringed plate) structures to transport the dustlike material externally. Scopae often exhibit further modifications in density and amount of plumosity in relation to the size and ornamentation of the pollen grains they transport. Bees also differ from sphecid wasps by possessing branched body hairs that are relatively densely packed. These hairs, the electrostatic surface potential, and specialized hair groups for extraction of hidden pollen are important in the acquisition of pollen from flowers. Structures for grooming (brushes, combs, and scrapers) and grooming behavior patterns are modified to permit manipulation and packing of pollen in the specialized transport structures. The addition of nectar, so that pollen is packed moist, is a behavior that permits the carrying of pollen of a great variety of sizes and ornamentations in relatively simplified scopae or in corbiculae. The addition of oils to the diet of some bees has resulted in a modified type of scopal structure that has a wooly area basally and stiff guard hairs extending distally and that can transport a mixture of oil and pollen. Special hairs on the fore and mid basitarsi and teeth of hind tibial spurs are modified as oil scraper and manipulation structures. The use of corbiculae in Apidae to transport nesting materials and the hind tibiae in male orchid bees (Euglossini: Apidae) for transporting aromatic compounds involves behavior patterns similar to those for pollen transport in grooming, manipulating, and packing the materials. Other behavioral and physiological adaptations important in the location and acquisition of pollen by bees include individual constancy, oligolecty, seasonal synchrony, preimaginal conditioning, daily synchrony, buzz pollination, and other responses to specific modes of pollen presentation. Most of the behavioral patterns involve learning. They may be modified by extrinsic factors, and they may modify intrinsic structural and physiological characters.
Design of a 60 GHz 32% PAE Class-AB PA with 2nd Harmonic Control in 45-nm PD-SOI CMOS

This paper presents a 60 GHz highly efficient singlestage differential stacked Class-AB power amplifier (PA) with second harmonic control (HC) for short range applications using mm-wave radar. The circuit is realized in a 45nm partially depleted sillicon-on-insulator (PD-SOI) CMOS technology. Measurement results show that the power amplifier achieves a saturated output power (P<sub>sat</sub>) of 16.4dBm with a competitive maximum power-added efficiency (PAE<sub>max</sub>) of 32% at 60 GHz. The output-referred 1-dB compression point (OP1dB) is 9.5 dBm. Furthermore, the circuit draws 40mA from a single 1.8V supply and the chip core size is 0.36mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times\,\,0.35$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications from the Ayishan Group in the South Qilian Belt, NW China

The Ayishan Group in the Lajishan area is sandwiched between the South Qilian Belt and the Qilian Block, which is transitionally interpreted to represent the products of the post‐collision setting or the continental marginal arc during the Early Ordovician or Silurian and is associated with the evolution of the Proto‐Tethyan Ocean. While the detailed information about the age, geochemistry, and tectonic setting of the Ayishan Group is lacking, our geological mapping and analyses demonstrates that the Ayishan Group consists of andesites, rhyolites, ignimbrites, sandstones, and conglomerates, which unconformably overlies the Cambrian–Ordovician arc‐ophiolite complex. Zircon U–Pb dating of the rhyolites demonstrated that the Ayishan Group formed between 447 and 442 Ma and is Late Ordovician. Geochemical analyses demonstrated that rhyolites have high and variable SiO2 contents of 69.6–76.5 wt% and an aluminium saturation index (A/CNK) of 0.85–1.45, belonging to calc‐alkaline to high K calc‐alkaline series. They are subdivided into two subtypes of high‐Sr/Y rhyolites (HSRs) and normal rhyolites (NRs) based on the geochemical characteristics. The HSRs show lower total rare earth elements (34.77–62.78 ppm), lower Yb (0.19–0.21 ppm) and Y (1.77–1.99 ppm) contents, and relatively higher Sr contents (159–193 ppm), compared with NRs, and with positive Eu anomalies. Both subtypes exhibit extremely high whole‐rock δ18O values of 12.63–13.21‰, but various initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd(t) values, indicating a dominant origin of terrigenous sediments and the HSRs exhibit a more terrestrial composition than the NRs. Various magma sources further caused the assorted residual phase leading to the different geochemistry between the HSRs and the NRs. Combined with the previous data, these results imply that the rhyolites of the Ayishan Group were produced in the process of the amalgamation of the Qilian Block with the Qaidam Block during the Late Ordovician, which further indicated that the Proto‐Tethyan Ocean closed 450 Ma ago.
Tracking geothermal anomalies along a crustal fault using (U-Th)/He apatite thermochronology and REE analyses, the example of the Têt fault (Pyrenees, France)

Abstract. The Tet fault is a crustal scale major fault in the eastern Pyrenees along which 29 hot springs emerge mainly within the footwall damage zone of the fault. In this study, (U-Th)/He apatite (AHe) thermochronology is used in combination with REE analyses to investigate the imprint of hydrothermal activity nearby two main hot spring clusters and in between in an attempt to better define the geometry and intensity of the recent thermal anomalies along the fault and to compare them with previous results from numerical modelling. This study displays 99 new AHe ages and 63 REE analyses on samples collected in the hanging wall (18 to 43 Ma) and footwall (8 to 26 Ma) of the Tet fault. In the footwall, the results reveal AHe age resetting and apatite REE depletion due to hydrothermal circulation along the Tet fault damage zone, nearby the actual hot springs (Thues-les-Bains and St-Thomas) but also in areas lacking actual geothermal surface manifestation. These age resetting and element depletions are more pronounced around Thues-les-Bains hot spring cluster and are spatially restricted to a limited volume of the damage zone. Outside this damage zone, the modelling of thermochronological data in the footwall suggests the succession of two main phases of exhumation, between 30 and 24 Ma and a second one around 10 Ma. In the hanging wall, few evidences of hydrothermal imprint on AHe ages and REE signatures have been found and thermal modelling records a single exhumation phase at 35–30 Ma. Low-temperature thermochronology combined with REE analyses allows to identify the spatial distribution of a recent geothermal perturbation related to hydrothermal flow along a master fault zone in the eastern Pyrenees, opens new perspectives for the exploration of geothermal fields and provides at the regional scale new constraints on the tectonic uplift of the footwall and hanging wall massifs.
Early Blight Disease Management of Tomato through Use of Native Bioresources in Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), (2n = 24) belongs to the family solanaceae is one of the most popular vegetable crop grown all over the world and occupies a prominent position in the world vegetable economy. It is the second most consumed vegetable after potato, ranking first among the processing crops. In Himachal Pradesh, cultivation of tomato as an off-season crop has gained popularity, being most remunerative cash crop. Tomato is highly sensitive to abiotic stresses especially extreme temperature, salinity, drought, excessive moisture, environmental pollution and biotic stresses and suffered from large number of biotic stresses including insect pests and diseases from the time of emergence to harvest. Many factors contribute in successful cultivation as well as marketing of quality tomato, of which diseases play an important role. More than two hundred diseases have been reported to infect tomato in the world which destroy the quality and reduce the yield of crop (Atherton and Rudich, 1986). Among fungal diseases early blight caused by an ascomycetous fungus Alternaria solani is of Art ic le History RECEIVED in 02nd January 2020 RECEIVED in revised form 10th April 2020 ACCEPTED in final form 23rd April 2020 Early blight, bioresources, Alternaria solani
Age-related changes of some chemical components in the leaves of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental physiology of sweet chestnut trees (Castanea sativa Mill.) of different age groups (≥ 25, ≥ 50, ≥ 100, ≥ 200, and ≥ 400) in the Catalzeytin district of Kastamonu, Turkey. For this purpose, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total soluble protein, glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate and starch values, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, and also ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in leaf samples. Hence, significant differences were found in the amounts and concentrations of all types of chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, total soluble protein, glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate, starches, MDA, H2O2, APX, CAT, and SOD among the trees of different age groups. While the chlorophyll a value was low in young trees, the chlorophyll b value was low in older trees. It was determined that the MDA content was high in old trees, whereas it was low in young trees. While the amounts of glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate, and starch were highest in ≥ 400-year-old trees, they were lowest in the young trees. Both APX and CAT activities were high in young trees, whereas SOD activity was lowest in ≥ 400-year-old trees.
Cloudy with a chance of mesopredator release: Turbidity alleviates top‐down control on intermediate predators through sensory disruption

Mesopredator release following top predator loss may reduce biodiversity and harm foundation species. We investigated the potential for moderate environmental changes to trigger mesopredator release by disrupting the foraging ability of top predators without affecting their abundance by performing an in situ experiment designed to isolate the magnitude of mesopredator effects on oyster reefs (Crassostrea virginica). In estuaries, fishes occupy upper trophic levels. Most are visual foragers and become less effective predators in high turbidity. Communities were 10% more diverse, fish predation was 20% higher, and oyster recruitment four times higher in low turbidity. Crab mesopredators were 10% larger and 260% more abundant in high turbidity. Caging treatments to exclude mesopredators significantly affected communities in high but not low turbidity. Oysters had 150% stronger shells in turbid areas, a known response to crabs that was indicative of higher crab abundance. These findings indicated that increased turbidity attenuated fish foraging ability without disrupting the foraging ability of mesopredators (e.g., crabs) that forage by chemoreception. Larger and more numerous crab mesopredators significantly affected oyster reef community structure as well as the survival and growth of oysters in turbid environments. In environments where apex predators and mesopredators utilize different sensory mechanisms, sensory‐mediated mesopredator release may occur when conditions affect the foraging ability of higher order predators but not their prey.
The publications of Brazilian authors: access, distribution and publishers

Science requires its own communication system; advances are made by consulting previously published results in journals, making access to publishing selections crucial. The goal of this report is to describe the publishers and the main journals where the scientific results of Brazilian researchers are published. The objectives are (1) to identify types of publisher and the access to these journals, (2) to examine the research area, origin, and the impact factor of these journals; and (3) to determine the distribution of types of publisher. The method is mainly by use of descriptive statistics with data collected from Clarivate Analytics using articles published in 2016. We found a total of 43.633 articles by Brazilian-based authors published in 2.313 journals, of which 54% published less than ten articles. Of the 20 journals that published the most articles, 13 were Brazilian, and most of these were open access journals, published by universities or associations, which charged authors either zero, or low (under USD 300,00) article-processing fees. The main research area was life sciences & biomedicine, which accounted for more than half of all articles and journals. The impact factor of more than 50% of these journals was between 1.0 and 3.0, and less than 13% of the journals had impact factors of over 4.0. Commercial companies are responsible for 65% of the journals and 50% of the articles published. The diversity of publishers indicates the relevance of alternative publishing institutions.
Which Aspects of Education Matter for Early Adult Mortality? Evidence from the High School and Beyond Cohort

What dimensions of education matter for people’s chances of surviving young adulthood? Do cognitive skills, noncognitive skills, course-taking patterns, and school social contexts matter for young adult mortality, even net of educational attainment? The authors analyze data from High School and Beyond, a nationally representative cohort of about 25,000 high school students first interviewed in 1980. Many dimensions of education are associated with young adult mortality, and high school students’ math course taking retains its association with mortality net of educational attainment. This work draws on theories and measures from sociological and educational research and enriches public health, economic, and demographic research on educational gradients in mortality that has relied almost exclusively on ideas of human capital accumulation and measures of degree attainment. The findings also call on social and education researchers to engage together in research on the lifelong consequences of educational processes, school structures, and inequalities in opportunities to learn.
Survival, growth and water relations of Banksia seedlings on a sand mine rehabilitation site and adjacent scrub-heath sites

Survival and growth of first-year seedlings of the broad-leaved Banksia hookeriana and B. attenuata were lower in the rehabilitation site than in two contrasting natural areas, but the needle-leaved B. leptophylla survived and grew equally well in all three sites. Root system development was poorer in the rehabilitation site: tap-roots stopped at the topsoil/subsoil boundary at 0.1 m in the rehabilitation site, while they reached 2 m at the natural sites. Seedlings in the rehabilitation site had much lower pre-dawn xylem pressure potentials (XPP) and stomatal conductance. Soil water potentials (ψ) in the top 0.5 m of the soil profile were generally lowest at the natural sites, and almost always lower than XPP. At these sites, seedlings must have been obtaining water over summer-autumn from deeper in the soil via their well-developed tap-roots. Topsoil ψ in the rehabilitation site was more similar to XPP than the much higher values in the subsoils, which rarely contained roots. Impedance of the rehabilitation soils, significantly greater than that for soils at the two natural sites, appeared to explain the poor root development and dependence of seedlings on soil water stored near the surface; the consequent lower xylem potentials, stomatal conductances and growth rates; and the ultimately higher mortality levels.
GLStyleNet: exquisite style transfer combining global and local pyramid features

Recent studies using deep neural networks have shown remarkable success in style transfer, especially for artistic and photo-realistic images. However, these methods cannot solve more sophisticated problems. The approaches using global statistics fail to capture small, intricate textures and maintain correct texture scales of the artworks, and the others based on local patches are defective on global effect. To address these issues, this study presents a unified model [global and local style network (GLStyleNet)] to achieve exquisite style transfer with higher quality. Specifically, a simple yet effective perceptual loss is proposed to consider the information of global semantic-level structure, local patch-level style, and global channel-level effect at the same time. This could help transfer not just large-scale, obvious style cues but also subtle, exquisite ones, and dramatically improve the quality of style transfer. Besides, the authors introduce a novel deep pyramid feature fusion module to provide a more flexible style expression and a more efficient transfer process. This could help retain both high-frequency pixel information and low-frequency construct information. They demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of their approach on numerous style transfer tasks, especially the Chinese ancient painting style transfer. Experimental results indicate that their unified approach improves image style transfer quality over previous state-of-the-art methods.