Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Swedish NLP Solutions for Email Classification

Assigning categories to text communications is a common task of Natural Language Processing (NLP). In 2018, a new deep learning language representation model, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), was developed which can make inferences from text without task specific architecture. This research investigated whether or not a version of this new model could be used to accurately classify emails as well as, or better than a classical machine learning model such as a Support Vector Machine (SVM). In this thesis project, a BERT model was developed by solely pretraining on the Swedish language (svBERT) and investigated whether it could surpass a multilingual BERT (mBERT) model’s performance on a Swedish email classification task. Specifically, BERT was used in a classification task for customer emails. Fourteen email categories were defined by the client. All emails were in the Swedish language. Three different SVMs and four different BERT models were all created for this task. The best F1 score for the three classical machine learning models (standard or hybrid) and the four deep learning models was determined. The best machine learning model was a hybrid SVM using fastText with an F1 score of 84.33%. The best deep learning model, mPreBERT, achieved an F1 score of 85.16%. These results show that deep learning models can improve upon the accuracy of classical machine learning models and suggest that more extensive pre-training with a Swedish text corpus will markedly improve accuracy.
APPLICATION OF THE KHOKHLOV-ZABOLOTSKAYA-KUZNETSOV EQUATION TO MODELING HIGH-INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND BEAMS

High-intensity focused ultrasound is a form of therapeutic ultrasound which uses high amplitude acoustic waves to heat and ablate tissue. HIFU employs acoustic amplitudes that are high enough that nonlinear propagation effects are important in the evolution of the sound field. A common model for HIFU beams is the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equation which accounts for nonlinearity, diffraction, and absorption. The KZK equation models diffraction using the parabolic or paraxial approximation. Many HIFU sources have an aperture diameter similar to the focal length and the paraxial approximation may not be appropriate. Here, results obtained using the “Texas code,” a time-domain numerical solution to the KZK equation, were used to assess when the KZK equation can be employed. In a linear water case comparison with the O’Neil solution, the KZK equation accurately predicts the pressure field in the focal region. The KZK equation was also compared to simulations of the exact fluid dynamics equations (no paraxial approximation). The exact equations were solved using the Fourier-continuation (FC) method to approximate derivatives in the equations. Results have been obtained for a focused HIFU source in tissue. For a low focusing gain transducer (focal length 50λ and radius 10λ), the KZK and FC models showed excellent agreement, however, as the source radius was increased to 30λ, discrepancies started to appear. Modeling was extended to the case of tissue with the appropriate power law using a relaxation model. The relaxation model resulted in a higher peak pressure and a shift in the location of the peak pressure, highlighting the importance of employing the correct attenuation model. Simulations from the code that were compared to experimental data in water showed good agreement through the focal plane.
Mechanistic modeling of fingering, nonmonotonicity, fragmentation, and pulsation within gravity/buoyant destabilized two‐phase/unsaturated flow

Fingering, nonmonotonicity, fragmentation, and pulsation within gravity/buoyant destabilized two‐phase/unsaturated flow systems has been widely observed with examples in homogeneous to heterogeneous porous media, in single fractures to fracture networks, and for both wetting and nonwetting invasion. To model this phenomena, we consider a mechanistic approach based on forms of modified invasion percolation (MIP) that include gravity, the influence of the local interfacial curvature along the phase‐phase interface, and the simultaneous invasion and reinvasion of both wetting and nonwetting fluids. We present example simulations and compare them to experimental data for three very different situations: (1) downward gravity‐driven fingering of water into a dry, homogeneous, water‐wettable, porous medium; (2) upward buoyancy‐driven migration of gas within a water saturated, heterogeneous, water‐wettable, porous medium; and (3) downward gravity‐driven fingering of water into a dry, water‐wettable, rough‐walled fracture.
Nearshore circulation over transverse bar and rip morphology with oblique wave forcing

There is a paucity of field data to describe the transition in nearshore circulation between alongshore, meandering and rip current systems. A combination of in‐situ current meters and surf zone drifters are used to characterize the nearshore circulation over a transverse bar and rip morphology at Pensacola Beach, Florida in the presence of relatively low energy oblique waves. Current speeds vary in response to the relative wave height ratio (Hs/h), which defines the degree and extent of breaking over the shoal. In the absence of wave breaking the nearshore circulation was dominated by an alongshore current driven by the oblique waves. As waves begin to break across the shoal (0.20.5), the meandering current is replaced by an unsteady rip circulation that moves offshore between the shoals before turning alongshore in the direction of wave advance outside the surf zone. The increase in wave dissipation is associated with an increase in very low frequency (VLF) variations in the current speed across the shoal and in the rip channel that caused the circulation to oscillate between an offshore and an alongshore flow. The unsteady nature of the nearshore circulation is responsible for 55% of all surf zone exits under these more dissipative conditions. In contrast, only 29% of the drifters released from the shoal exited the surf zone and bypassed the adjacent shoal with the alongshore‐meandering current. While the currents had a low velocity (maximum of ~0.4 m s‐1) and would not pose a significant hazard to the average swimmer, the results of this study suggest that the transverse bar and rip morphology is sufficient to create an alongshore variation in wave dissipation that forces alongshore meandering and low‐energy rip circulation systems under oblique wave forcing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of HfO2-based 3D OxRAM with GAA stacked-nanosheet transistor for high-density embedded memory

In this study, we demonstrate a fully CMOS compatible co-integration of Gate-All-Around (GAA) stacked-NanoSheet (NS) transistors with HfO2-based OxRAM cells for high-density embedded memory. For the first time, we integrate resistive memory cells in the MEOL self-aligned drain contacts of vertically stacked-NS transistors. We demonstrate the feasibility of optimizing the OxRAM bipolar switching characteristics in 3D vertical drain contacts with doped Si bottom electrodes. Pulsed cycling operation, observed on forming-free devices, show an endurance up to 1M cycles at scaled GAA-NS dimensions (LG=20nm and W=30nm).
DINÁMICA REPRODUCTIVA Y POBLACIONAL DEL ROBALO, Centropomus undecimalis (PERCIFORMES: CENTROPOMIDAE), EN BARRA SAN PEDRO, CENTLA, MÉXICO

La biologia reproductiva y poblacional fue analizada en poblaciones explotadas de robalo blanco Centropomus undecimalis. El material biologico se obtuvo en los desembarcos de la pesca artesanal de las cooperativas de mayor contribucion, en volumen y constancia, en la captura del robalo. La longitud estandar, el peso eviscerado y el sexo de 438 organismos se registro mensualmente, durante 19 meses. Las tallas mas frecuentes fueron de 70 a 95 cm de longitud estandar. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las longitudes de machos y hembras (Kruskal Wallis; p 0.05). Se determino una curva de peso eviscerado, Pev = (0.0106) x (LS)2.9595, con un crecimiento isometrico (b = 3). Los maximos valores del indice gonadosomatico de hembras se registro en agosto de 2004 (1.56) y julio de 2005 (1.52), y para los machos fue en marzo de 2004 (1.67).
Modeling and Small-Signal Linearization of Three-Phase Rotating Transformation Using Exponential Matrix: Summary, Verification, and Discussion

For the three-phase system, analysis and control are usually carried out in the rotating frame, where the rotating-frame model is required. To obtain the rotating-frame model, for the linear time-invariant (LTI) unit, this paper summarized the unified explicit analytical relation, i.e. the formulas, between the specific transfer functions in the rotating frame and that in the static frame using the exponential matrix, capable of both the three- and four-wire systems; then, for the rotating transformation related nonlinear units, the sample units and the output units, the unified small-signal linearization for both the three- and four-wire systems is presented with the phase-locked loop (PLL) and its discrete-time implementation considered. Corresponding examples with experiment verifications are given to demonstrate the theories.
Paleomagnetic evidence for tectonic rotation of Jurassic plutons in Blue Mountains, eastern Oregon

To test the hypothesis that pre-Tertiary rocks of eastern Oregon have undergone clockwise rotation, a paleomagnetic investigation was made of granitic and high-temperature metamorphic rocks of the upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous intrusive suite of the Blue Mountains province, northeastern Oregon. At nine sampling sites in three widely separated regions the paleomagnetic directions showed a high level of intrasite and intersite consistency, with a mean direction of I = 63°, D = 30°, a95 = 10°. The observed inclination is consistent with that expected on the basis of paleomagnetic results for stable North America, indicating that the intrusives have not undergone northward translation since cooling. The paleomagnetic declination, on the other hand, indicates that the region sampled has undergone a clockwise rotation of 60°±29° relative to the stable craton. Two of the bodies sampled are intrusive into the exotic Seven Devils terrane, and the remaining body is intrusive into the tectonic melange of a separate arc-trench terrane, which may well have been the North American margin. The consistency in magnetic directions between the three regions (k = 151) indicates that suturing of the exotic terrane took place prior to the emplacement of the intrusives. The early Tertiary Clarno Formation situated to the west of the region sampled has rotated substantially less than the Blue Mountains [Beck et al., 1978], indicating that much of the rotation of the Blue Mountains occurred prior to the Eocene. To account for the observed rotations, we discuss two alternative models. In the first, rotation accompanies back arc rifting associated with the Early Cretaceous westward rifting of the Klamath Mountains. In the second, rotation reflects Late Cretaceous regional dextral shearing in the Blue Mountain area, which is located several hundred kilometers south of major right lateral faults known to extend from Alaska down at least to northern Washington.
Comprehensive Modeling of Advanced Composite Magnetoresistive Devices

Emerging nonvolatile magnetoresistive RAM possesses high endurance and long retention compared to its competitors. Advanced single-digit nanoscale footprint devices employ composite magnetic layers consisting of several elongated pieces separated by tunnel barriers, while double magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) devices with two reference magnetic layers demonstrate enhanced torques at reduced switching currents. To accurately model such devices, we employ a coupled spin and charge transport approach allowing to treat metallic spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions with elongated magnetic layers on equal footing. We predict a multi-bit operation in an ultra-scaled memory cell with a composite free layer. We also demonstrate that the switching speed improvement in a double spin-torque magnetic tunnel junction device critically depends on the properties of a metallic spacer separating the free layer from the second reference layer.
Improvement of the Nutritional Quality of Sorghum and Pearl Millet

The discovery that the Opaque-2 gene in maize improves protein quality has stimulated great interest among breeders, nutritionists, and biochemists, and considerable progress has been made toward genetic improvement of plant protein quality in other cereals. Sorghum and pearl millet are two of the most important crops grown in the semi arid tropics (SAT). If sorghum and millets are to retain their place, and to increase, as major cereals for human food in the SAT where they are more productive and reliable than are other cereals, their grain quality is of paramount importance. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), created in July 1972 with headquarters in Hyderabad, India, has four main objectives. One of these is: "To serve as a world center to improve the genetic potential for grain yield and nutritional quality of sorghum, pearl millet, pigeon pea, chick pea and groundnut. " A stable, high yield of the crop is one of the main objectives of ICRISAT, At the same time, we will exploit whatever latitude exists for other nutritional characteristics such as protein, lysine, starch types, oil, minerals, etc. Grain quality can perhaps be considered to consist of two main parts: (i) evident quality based on appearance, flavour, and cooking quality characteristics, and (ii) cryptic quality based on nutritional value. This paper will discuss progress that has been made in the improvement of the nutritional quality of sorghum and pearl millet.
Digital Dimension of Luxury Automotive Brands

In recent years, there has been a notable shift in the conventional strategies employed by luxury automotive brands towards a more digitalized customer journey. This shift reflects the changing landscape of consumer behavior and the growing influence of technology in shaping customer experiences. Customers are increasingly seeking convenience, personalization, and seamless interactions throughout their purchase process, and expect businesses to provide them with engaging and immersive experiences, both online and offline. As a result, luxury automotive brands have recognized the need to establish a strong digital presence and leverage various touchpoints to meet these evolving customer expectations. Consequently, the purpose of this thesis has been to examine and understand how luxury automotive brands create luxury hedonic experiences online, as well as identify the key touchpoints through which hedonic value is created in a digital context. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative multiple-case study was conducted involving seven businesses operating in the luxury automotive sector. The research methodology employed a combination of semi-structured interviews and a structured questionnaire, and the empirical findings were thoroughly analyzed in conjunction with existing literature to discern similarities and disparities among the cases studied. The conclusion of this thesis reveals that luxury brands employ a multi-faceted approach, utilizing high-quality digital content, exclusivity, collaborations, innovation, personalization, customer-centricity, and top-quality customer service to create hedonic experiences. Key digital touchpoints include aesthetically pleasing websites, interactive features, social media platforms for community building, and corporate touchpoints that align digital experiences with offline luxury experiences. Moreover, this thesis can serve as a guide for future endeavors in this field, and researchers can utilize its findings as a foundation to further explore the implications for luxury automotive brands.
Three‐dimensional necking during viscous slab detachment

We study the three‐dimensional (3‐D) deformation during detachment of a lithospheric slab with simple numerical models using the finite element method. An initially vertical layer of power law viscous fluid mimics the slab and is surrounded by a linear or power law viscous fluid representing asthenospheric mantle. We quantify the impact of slab size and shape (symmetric/asymmetric) on slab detachment and identify two processes that control the lateral (i.e., along‐trench) slab deformation: (1) the horizontal deflection of the lateral, vertical slab sides (> 100 km with velocities up to 16 mm/yr) and (2) the propagation of localized thinning (necking) inside the slab (with velocities >9 cm/yr). The lateral propagation velocity is approximately constant during slab detachment. Larger slabs (here wider than approximately 300 km) detach with rates similar to those predicted by 2‐D models, whereas smaller slabs detach slower. Implications for geodynamic processes and interpretations of seismic tomography are discussed.
Diabetes Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Hyperparameter Tuning for Expecting Mothers

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the blood glucose levels in the human body exceed the normal range. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to various health complications. To prevent such complications, early detection and management of diabetes are crucial. In this study, a novel system is proposed that uses hyperparameter tuning in addition to various machine learning algorithms for early detection of diabetes. This article also tunes the hyperparameters of the algorithms to optimize their performance. The results indicate that the Support Vector Machine algorithm provides the best fit for predicting diabetes. Hyperparameter tuning further improves the performance of this algorithm. Our approach can be used as a decision support tool for healthcare professionals to identify high-risk patients early on and provide appropriate care and management. Our study highlights the potential of machine learning algorithms and hyperparameter tuning for developing accurate and reliable predictive models for diabetes in expecting mothers. These models can aid healthcare professionals in taking preventive measures to improve maternal and child health outcomes.
The Effects of Alternative Work Arrangements on Technostress and Work-Home Balance: a study on job satisfaction during the Covid-19 pandemic

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the influence of alternative work arrangements (AWAs) on work-home balance (WHB) and technostress (TS). The effect of WHB and TS on the job satisfaction of accountants and employees of accounting and auditing companies in Brazil was also verified. Method: The target population was accounting professionals and employees of auditing companies in Brazil that adopted alternative work arrangements during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study addressed 394 individuals, but the final sample comprised 276 participants whose responses were analyzed using structural equations (PLS-SEM). Results: The results show that AWAs positively affect technostress, negatively impacting job satisfaction. However, the impact on WHB was not statistically significant. Finally, the results indicate a positive relationship between WHB and job satisfaction. Contributions: From a theoretical point of view, these results contribute to discussions on the impact of technology and AWAs among accounting and auditing companies in Brazil. Authors have investigated this effect in other countries; however, the topic has been addressed neither in Brazil nor in the pandemic context. As for the practical aspects, this study is the first to discuss the context of Brazilian companies that adopted AWAs during the pandemic, considering the urgent need of employers and employees to adapt.
Highly Secure Approximate Adiabatic Logic for Error Tolerant Applications

The switching activity and its resulting power consumption in real time VLSI applications is an important area of research currently. This becomes even more important when it comes to keeping the data secure from various attacks especially power. Many researchers explored that the adiabatic logic significantly contribute to avoid unwanted switching transitions happening in the digital circuits. It reuses certain energy which prevails the circuit to prevent power dissipation. In the proposed work, the focus is on designing energy efficient adiabatic arithmetic circuits to make it suitable for error tolerant applications. The 2:4 decoders are used as a fundamental block for designing full adders and comparators. Further, to make it suitable for error acceptable applications the proposed adiabatic circuit is finally approximated for reducing the complexity of the circuit and minimizing the power consumption. The approximation is done in the adder through true sum and true carry operation in which either sum or carry circuit is completely eliminated and obtained from inverting another. The proposed approach also helps in establishing application reliability, since security is a primary concern in data processing.
Incised Channels: Morphology, Dynamics, and Control

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Dryland salinity in south-western Australia: its origins, remedies, and future research directions

Replacement of deep-rooted, perennial native vegetation with shallow-rooted, annual agricultural plants has resulted in increased recharge causing shallow saline water tables leading to dryland salinity and loss of agricultural production. Restoring the vegetation by regeneration or replanting lowers water levels locally but field evidence and computer modelling suggests this needs to be widespread for regional effects, which conflicts with the future of conventional agriculture. Alley farming allows agriculture to be continued in the bays between the rows, but needs as much perennial, preferably deep-rooted, vegetation as possible in the bays to achieve the required recharge reductions. Where the asset to be preserved is valuable and a means of safe saline effluent disposal exists, pumps and drains will be part of any salinity management system, but where these conditions are not met they will be of limited use on an economic basis. To limit the spread of dryland salinity substantial change in farming systems is required and farmers need assurance that the recommended strategies will have the desired effect. Computer modelling is the only timely way to do this. An operationally simple 1-dimensional model already exists, and a 2-dimensional one is under development and testing. Three-dimensional modelling is also probably required to support strategic, intensive interventions.