Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modules de deformation en mecanique des sols : definitions, determination a partir des essais triaxiaux et incertitude

Cette communication tente d'eclaicir la definition des modules utilises en mecanique des sols et plus particulierement des modules de deformation. Ce parametre a acquis une grande importance depuis que la maitrise des deformations des ouvrages necessite des modelisations de plus en plus precides des deformations. Les sources d'erreurs communement rencontrees dans la determination des modules de deformation sont analysees. (A). (Voir fiche generale du congres no F100643). (Titre en anglais : Deformation moduling in soil mechanics : definitions, determination from triaxial tests and uncertainty).
Changes in COVID-19 Perception and in TMD Prevalence after 1 Year of Pandemic in Italy

Abstract Objectives The study aims to report the perception of dental practices and assess the individual's psychological stress level and related temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms by evaluating the changes that occurred during the year following the first lockdown (May 2020). Materials and Methods An online questionnaire was submitted to the Italian population between 20 March and 20 April 2021. It was sent via online platforms and included 14 questions. Statistical analysis The data were analyzed using a chi-squared test and a comparison of the current data with the May 2020 survey data was performed using independent samples t -tests. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Forty-three percent of subjects (872) considered the dental practice to be a place with a high risk of infection. Temporomandibular pain and joint sounds were reported by 35.7% (724) of the population; of these more frequently were women (71.8%, 520/724, p < 0.001). About 31% of the participants had moderate/severe psychological distress and, among them, it was found that 46.4% (294/634) reported TMD pain ( p < 0.001) and 34.9% (221/634) complained of temporomandibular joint sounds ( p < 0.001). Conclusions Most participants did not consider dental practices as a place with a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 transmission and, in contrast to the data from a previous study, people were less afraid to go to dental practices. After the first year of the pandemic, the level of stress and depression increased and the prevalence of TMD pain and joint sounds increased, in association with gender, age, and level of distress.
Quantifying odour impacts from aged organic waste to be considered as a priority constraint in route optimization for waste collection trucks

Route optimization has been used for years to plan the routes for municipal solid waste (MSW) collection trucks to achieve cost reductions. Historically, optimized routes had overlooked a number of aspects and parameters in their design. This study aims to consider MSW odour detection as a performance indicator and a priority constraint in the optimization process by quantifying the impact of objectionable odours from uncollected aged MSW that contains a high percentage of food waste (typically called wet garbage). Odours from 48 aged food waste samples were rated on a scale from 0 to 3 to mark the beginning of the critical time of objectionable odour detection. The critical time was found to take place approximately at the hour 13.6, which was then used, along with the estimated food waste weight in the bin, to define the beginning of a time window that puts the bin on a high priority status for collection over the other, less odoriferous bins. Three optimization scenarios for collection of 100 MSW bins in the city of Madaba, Jordan, were conducted under different constraints: least travelled distance, maximum collected volume and least odour impact. Without the application of the odour consideration, a total travelled distance of 143 km was the shortest travelled distance achieved, with 53 bins emitting odours and leaving 81 m3 of uncollected waste. However, when odour impact was the main routing constraint, a total travelled distance of 161 km was needed and 13 m3 of waste was left uncollected.
Characterization of Bacillus anthracis replication and persistence on environmental substrates associated with wildlife anthrax outbreaks

Anthrax is a zoonosis caused by the environmentally maintained, spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, affecting humans, livestock, and wildlife nearly worldwide. Bacterial spores are ingested, inhaled, and may be mechanically transmitted by biting insects or injection as occurs during heroin-associated human cases. Herbivorous hoofstock are very susceptible to anthrax. When these hosts die of anthrax, a localized infectious zone (LIZ) forms in the area surrounding the carcass as it is scavenged and decomposes, where viable populations of vegetative B. anthracis and spores contaminate the environment. In many settings, necrophagous flies contaminate the outer carcass, surrounding soils, and vegetation with viable pathogen while scavenging. Field observations in Texas have confirmed this process and identified primary browse species (e.g., persimmon) are contaminated. However, there are limited data available on B. anthracis survival on environmental substrates immediately following host death at a LIZ. Toward this, we simulated fly contamination by inoculating live-attenuated, fully virulent laboratory-adapted, and fully virulent wild B. anthracis strains on untreated leaves and rocks for 2, 5, and 7 days. At each time point after inoculation, the number of vegetative cells and spores were determined. Sporulation rates were extracted from these different time points to enable comparison of sporulation speeds between B. anthracis strains with different natural histories. We found all B. anthracis strains used in this study could multiply for 2 or more days post inoculation and persist on leaves and rocks for at least seven days with variation by strain. We found differences in sporulation rates between laboratory-adapted strains and wild isolates, with the live-attenuated strain sporulating fastest, followed by the wild isolates, then laboratory-adapted virulent strains. Extrapolating our wild strain lab results to potential contamination, a single blow fly may contaminate leaves with up to 8.62 x 105 spores per day and a single carcass may host thousands of flies. Replication outside of the carcass and rapid sporulation confirms the LIZ extends beyond the carcass for several days after formation and supports the necrophagous fly transmission pathway for amplifying cases during an outbreak. We note caution must be taken when extrapolating replication and sporulation rates from live-attenuated and laboratory-adapted strains of B. anthracis.
How Exposure to Online Parenting Content Relates to Mothers’ Self-Discrepancy and Postpartum Mental Health

ABSTRACT Postpartum mental health problems are common and have deleterious effects on new mothers and their babies. This study developed a theoretically informed model of the relationship between exposure to images of motherhood in online parenting content and mothers’ postpartum mental health. The model was tested using survey data collected from 509 Chinese mothers during their 12-month postpartum period. The results revealed that greater exposure to online public parenting content was indirectly related to lower levels of shame among new mothers via two mediators: the presumed influence of parenting media content on their partners, and the mothers’ perceptions of the discrepancy between their actual selves as mothers and their partners’ expectations of an ideal mother (i.e. actual/own – ideal/partner self-discrepancy). In contrast, increased exposure to online private parenting content shared by peers was indirectly related to increased levels of shame among new mothers via the mediation of social comparison with parenting media images, and of the mothers’ perceptions of the discrepancy between their actual selves as mothers and their own expectations of an ideal mother (i.e. actual/own – ideal/own self-discrepancy). Additionally, new mothers were more likely to experience depressive symptoms and shame if they felt that they fell short of their partners’ expectations of an ideal mother. However, increased social support reduced the anxiety and shame that stemmed from this belief.
A machine learning approach to evaluate the state of hypertension care coverage: From 2016 STEPs survey in Iran

Background The increasing burden of hypertension in low- to middle-income countries necessitates the assessment of care coverage to monitor progress and guide future policies. This study uses an ensemble learning approach to evaluate hypertension care coverage in a nationally representative Iranian survey. Methods The data source was the cross-sectional 2016 Iranian STEPwise approach to risk factor surveillance (STEPs). Hypertension was based on blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg, reported use of anti-hypertensive medications, or a previous hypertension diagnosis. The four steps of care were screening (irrespective of blood pressure value), diagnosis, treatment, and control. The proportion of patients reaching each step was calculated, and a random forest model was used to identify features associated with progression to each step. After model optimization, the six most important variables at each step were considered to demonstrate population-based marginal effects. Results The total number of participants was 30541 (52.3% female, median age: 42 years). Overall, 9420 (30.8%) had hypertension, among which 89.7% had screening, 62.3% received diagnosis, 49.3% were treated, and 7.9% achieved control. The random forest model indicated that younger age, male sex, lower wealth, and being unmarried/divorced were consistently associated with a lower probability of receiving care in different levels. Dyslipidemia was associated with reaching diagnosis and treatment steps; however, patients with other cardiovascular comorbidities were not likely to receive more intensive blood pressure management. Conclusion Hypertension care was mostly missing the treatment and control stages. The random forest model identified features associated with receiving care, indicating opportunities to improve effective coverage.
Multicentre randomised trials in anaesthesia: an analysis using Bayesian metrics

Are the results of randomised trials reliable and are p values and confidence intervals the best way of quantifying efficacy? Low power is common in medical research, which reduces the probability of obtaining a ‘significant result’ and declaring the intervention had an effect. Metrics derived from Bayesian methods may provide an insight into trial data unavailable from p values and confidence intervals. We did a structured review of multicentre trials in anaesthesia that were published in the New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association, British Journal of Anaesthesia and Anesthesiology between February 2011 and November 2021. We documented whether trials declared a non‐zero effect by an intervention on the primary outcome. We documented the expected and observed effect sizes. We calculated a Bayes factor from the published trial data indicating the probability of the data under the null hypothesis of zero effect relative to the alternative hypothesis of a non‐zero effect. We used the Bayes factor to calculate the post‐test probability of zero effect for the intervention (having assumed 50% belief in zero effect before the trial). We contacted all authors to estimate the costs of running the trials. The median (IQR [range]) hypothesised and observed absolute effect sizes were 7% (3–13% [0–25%]) vs. 2% (1–7% [0–24%]), respectively. Non‐zero effects were declared for 12/56 outcomes (21%). The Bayes factor favouring a zero effect relative to a non‐zero effect for these 12 trials was 0.000001–1.9, with post‐test zero effect probabilities for the intervention of 0.0001–65%. The other 44 trials did not declare non‐zero effects, with Bayes factors favouring zero effect of 1–688, and post‐test probabilities of zero effect of 53–99%. The median (IQR [range]) study costs reported by 20 corresponding authors in US$ were $1,425,669 ($514,766–$2,526,807 [$120,758–$24,763,921]). We think that inadequate power and mortality as an outcome are why few trials declared non‐zero effects. Bayes factors and post‐test probabilities provide a useful insight into trial results, particularly when p values approximate the significance threshold.
The salience network is activated during self‐recognition from both first‐person and third‐person perspectives

We usually observe ourselves from two perspectives. One is the first‐person perspective, which we perceive directly with our own eyes, and the other is the third‐person perspective, which we observe ourselves in a mirror or a picture. However, whether the self‐recognition associated with these two perspectives has a common or separate neural basis remains unclear. To address this, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain activity while participants viewed pretaped video clips of themselves and others engaged in meal preparation taken from first‐person and third‐person perspectives. We found that the first‐person behavioral videos of the participants and others induced greater activation in the premotor‐intraparietal region. In contrast, the third‐person behavioral videos induced greater activation in the default mode network compared with the first‐person videos. Regardless of the perspective, the videos of the participants induced greater activation in the salience network than the videos of others. On the other hand, the videos of others induced greater activation in the precuneus and lingual gyrus than the videos of the participants. These results suggest that the salience network is commonly involved in self‐recognition from both perspectives, even though the brain regions involved in action observation for the two perspectives are distinct.
Investigations of a pre-series of micro strip gas chambers with gas electron multipliers for high rate environments

Micro Strip Gas Chambers (MSGCs) are suited for the application in modern experiments of high energy physics because of their good spatial resolution and their high rate capability. The use of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foils as an additional amplification stage increases the safety of operation, and results in so-called MSGC+GEM detectors. The tracker of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is being built at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), was envisaged to be equipped with such MSGC+GEM detectors in the forward and backward regions. For this reason, a pre-series of altogether 18 detector modules was built, and underwent a so-called milestone experiment in which they had to prove their suitability under LHC-like conditions. In this paper, the production and the test of five of these pre-series modules are described. Furthermore, it is dealt with aspects of a mass production, possible problems are shown, and attempts for their solution are proposed. The five detector modules, together with 13 identically constructed modules, have been irradiated with a pion beam with a maximum rate of 6 kHz /mm2 at the PaulScherrer-Institut (Villigen, Switzerland). 16 detector modules met the imposed criteria of the milestone experiment. During a time of 376 hours under LHC-like conditions, 1.42‰ of the readout strips have been damaged, which is well below the required portion of 2.3‰ that would correspond to a reduction of the spatial resolution in 5% of the active detector area after 10 years of operation of LHC. Furthermore, the irradiation with large particle rates leads to charging-up effects, which result in an exponential decrease of the gas amplification of the detectors by 10% with a time constant of 14 minutes. But, this and possible ageing effects can be compensated since a stable operation is still possible at two to three times higher amplifications. Additionally, tests with the envisaged readout electronics for the CMS experiment have been done. These tests show that the detector signals are influenced in the expected manner. Thus, the transfer of the results from the milestone experiment to the CMS experiment is possible. Furthermore, a small deviation in the so-called deconvolution mode of the readout electronics has been measured. But this deviation has only a marginal impact on the operation with a detector. Although MSGC+GEM detectors will not be used in the CMS experiment, the results presented here show that the detectors would be suitable and could be produced in large quantities.
End-diastolic velocity mediates the relationship between renal resistive index and the risk of death

Objective: Renal resistive index predicts the risk of death in many populations but the mechanism linking renal resistive index and death remains elusive. Renal resistive index is derived from end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and peak systolic velocity (PSV). However, the predictive value of EDV or PSV considered alone is unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2362 consecutive patients who received a kidney transplant from 1985 to 2017. EDV and PSV were measured at 3 months after transplantation, renal resistive index was calculated, and the risk of death was assessed [median follow-up: 6.25 years (0.25–29.15); total observation period: 13 201 patient-years]. Results: Doppler indices were available in 1721 of 2362 (78.9%) patients (exclusions: 113 who died or returned to dialysis before, 427 with no Doppler studies, 27 with renal artery stenosis, 74 missing values). Among them, 279 (16.4%) had diabetes before transplantation. Mean age was 51.5 ± 14.7, 1097 (63.7%) were male. During follow-up, 217 of 1721 (12.6%) patients died. Renal resistive index and EDV shared many determinants (notably systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure, recipient age and diabetes) unlike renal resistive index and PSV. EDV used as a binary [lowest tertile vs. higher values: (hazard ratio: 2.57 (1.96–3.36), P < 0.001)] and as a continuous (the lower EDV, the greater the risk of death) variable was significantly associated with the risk of death. This finding was confirmed in multivariable analyses. Prediction of similar magnitude was found for renal resistive index. No association was found between PSV used as a binary or a continuous variable and the risk of death. Conclusion: Low EDV explains high renal resistive index, and the mechanism-linking renal resistive index to the risk of death is through low EDV.
A Co-Association of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula/dispar in Root Caries Patients and In Vitro Biofilms

Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various bacterial species previously implicated in root caries disease or health using quantitative real-time PCR in a pilot study of 7 patients with 1 to 4 root caries lesions per person. ABSTRACT Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various bacterial species previously implicated in root caries disease or health using quantitative real-time PCR in a pilot study of 7 patients with 1 to 4 root caries lesions per person. Levels of 12 different species on diseased roots compared to healthy (contralateral control) roots were measured. Four species were found at significantly higher levels on diseased roots (Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella parvula/dispar, Actinomyces naeslundii/viscosus, and Capnocytophaga granulosa) compared across all plaque samples. The level of colonization by these species varied dramatically (up to 1,000-fold) between patients, indicating different patients have different bacteria contributing to root caries disease. Neither of the two species previously reported to correlate with healthy roots (C. granulosa and Delftia acidovorans) showed statistically significant protective roles in our population, although D. acidovorans showed a trend toward higher levels on healthy teeth (P = 0.08). There was a significant positive correlation between higher levels of S. mutans and V. parvula/dispar on the same diseased teeth. In vitro mixed biofilm studies demonstrated that co-culturing S. mutans and V. parvula leads to a 50 to 150% increase in sucrose-dependent biofilm mass compared to S. mutans alone, depending on the growth conditions, while V. parvula alone did not form in vitro biofilms. The presence of V. parvula also decreased the acidification of S. mutans biofilms when grown in artificial saliva and enhanced the health of mixed biofilms.
Ad5‐nCoV booster and Omicron variant breakthrough infection following two doses of inactivated vaccine elicit comparable antibody levels against Omicron variants

Little information is available for antibody levels against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern induced by Omicron breakthrough infection and a third booster with an inactivated vaccine (InV) or Ad5‐nCoV in people with completion of two InV doses. Plasma was collected from InV pre‐vaccinated Omicron‐infected patients (OIPs), unvaccinated OIPs between 0 and 22 days, and healthy donors (HDs) 14 days or 6 months after the second doses of an InV and 14 days after a homogenous booster or heterologous booster of Ad5‐nCoV. Anti‐Wuhan‐, Anti‐Delta‐, and Anti‐Omicron‐receptor binding domain (RBD)‐IgG titers were detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. InV pre‐vaccinated OIPs had higher anti‐Wuhan‐, anti‐Delta‐, and anti‐Omicron‐RBD‐IgG titers compared to unvaccinated OIPs. Anti‐Wuhan‐RBD‐IgG titers sharply increased in InV pre‐vaccinated OIPs 0–5 days postinfection (DPI), while the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of anti‐Delta‐ and anti‐Omicron‐RBD‐IgG were 3.3‐fold and 12.0‐fold lower. Then, the GMT of anti‐Delta‐ and anti‐Omicron‐RBD‐IgG increased to 35 112 and 28 186 during 11–22 DPI, about 2.6‐fold and 3.2‐fold lower, respectively, than the anti‐Wuhan‐RBD‐IgG titer. The anti‐Wuhan‐, anti‐Delta‐, and anti‐Omicron‐RBD‐IgG titers declined over time in HDs after two doses of an InV, with 25.2‐fold, 5.6‐fold, and 4.5‐fold declination, respectively, at 6 months relative to the titers at 14 days after the second vaccination. Anti‐Wuhan‐, anti‐Delta‐, and anti‐Omicron‐RBD‐IgG titers elicited by a heterologous Ad5‐nCoV booster were significantly higher than those elicited by an InV booster, comparable to those in InV pre‐vaccinated OIPs. InV and Ad5‐nCoV boosters could improve humoral immunity against Omicron variants. Of these, the Ad5‐nCoV booster is a better alternative.
The effect of empowering leadership on miners’ unsafe behavior: a cross-level chain mediation model

ABSTRACT Miners’ unsafe behavior has always been a key issue in coal mine safety management. Numerous studies have shown that leadership is an important factor influencing miners’ unsafe behavior. A cross-level structural model was constructed based on social cognitive theory, using psychological safety and safety climate as intermediary variables, to analyze the effect of empowering leadership on miners’ unsafe behavior. Data were gathered from 272 coal miners on 59 working teams. Multilevel regression analysis and the Monte Carlo method were employed to analyze the influence of the empowering leadership on miners’ unsafe behavior. The results showed that empowering leadership was negatively related to miners’ unsafe behavior. Psychological safety and safety climate mediated the relationship between empowering leadership and miners’ unsafe behavior, and also jointly mediated in the chain. These findings enrich existing research results on miners’ unsafe behavior and provide a beneficial enlightenment to coal mine safety management.