Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restriction of Viral Glycoprotein Maturation by Cellular Protease Inhibitors

The human genome is estimated to encode more than 500 proteases performing a wide range of important physiological functions. They digest proteins in our food, determine the activity of hormones, induce cell death and regulate blood clotting, for example. During viral infection, however, some proteases can switch sides and activate viral glycoproteins, allowing the entry of virions into new target cells and the spread of infection. To reduce unwanted effects, multiple protease inhibitors regulate the proteolytic processing of self and non-self proteins. This review summarizes our current knowledge of endogenous protease inhibitors, which are known to limit viral replication by interfering with the proteolytic activation of viral glycoproteins. We describe the underlying molecular mechanisms and highlight the diverse strategies by which protease inhibitors reduce virion infectivity. We also provide examples of how viruses evade the restriction imposed by protease inhibitors. Finally, we briefly outline how cellular protease inhibitors can be modified and exploited for therapeutic purposes. In summary, this review aims to summarize our current understanding of cellular protease inhibitors as components of our immune response to a variety of viral pathogens.
Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: A Contemporary Review of Diagnosis and Management

Significant left main coronary artery disease is a very high-risk subgroup of coronary artery disease that is a crucial indicator of heightened morbidity and mortality rates. Despite its clinical significance, uncertainties persist regarding the optimal management strategy for patients, particularly given its phenotypic variations. Existing evidence-based guidelines offer insights into revascularization options, yet questions remain regarding long-term prognoses and clinical outcomes when comparing percutaneous coronary intervention to coronary artery bypass grafting. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of contemporary strategies for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of left main coronary artery disease. By synthesizing current literature and addressing the evolving landscape of revascularization modalities, this review seeks to contribute valuable insights for clinicians and researchers grappling with the complexities of managing left main coronary artery disease
Farmers’ perceptions of bovine brucellosis in Benin

Background and Aim: Cattle are the main source of meat in Benin. To improve the attitudes and practices of cattle breeders in relation to bovine brucellosis, a study has been carried out in Benin according to different agroecological zones. This study aimed to assess farmers’ knowledge and practices concerning bovine brucellosis to generate essential information for control programs and public health interventions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from February to May 2022, during which 608 farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that provided information on socioeconomic characteristics, knowledge, and practices related to bovine brucellosis. Analysis of variance , Poisson regression, and the proportion comparison test were used to compare these characteristics in the different agroecological zones. At the end of the surveys, three distinct and homogeneous groups of perceptions (hierarchical classification of Multiple Correspondence Analysis components of R software) of bovine brucellosis were identified (these groups only consider farmers who declared knowledge of the disease). Groups were formed by applying the multiple correspondence analysis function of the FactoMineR library in R software, followed by a hierarchical ascending classification using the hierarchical clustering on principal component function of the same software (Agrocampus Rennes, France). Results: Only 38% of respondents were aware of brucellosis. Knowledge of brucellosis was not related to sex or education level but was higher among farmers in agroecological Zones 1 and 4. Ethnic Dendi herders (62.16%) had better knowledge of the disease than those from other sociolinguistic groups (Somba: 50%, Fulani: 40.91%, Baribas: 26.97%, and others: 8.82%). Reduced milk production (98.29%), presence of hygroma (87.18%), and abortion (56.84%) are the main signs reported by herders familiar with the disease. All three groups had good knowledge of the disease and its zoonotic nature. Groups 1 (96% of breeders) and 2 (2.14%) were aware of the risk factors (contact with affected animals, the consumption of raw milk, the handling of runts, and reproductive rejection). In the case of Brucella, they prefer to treat animals rather than sell them and use both traditional and modern medicines. Group 3 (1.71%) did not know the risk factors and preferred to sell animals in the event of illness. Conclusion: Pastoralists need to be made aware of the mode of transmission of bovine brucellosis, its clinical manifestations, its impact on animal health, and the zoonotic nature of the disease (impact on public health) so that bovine brucellosis can be rapidly detected in herds. Keywords: Benin, brucellosis risk factors, public health, knowledge.
An Observational Analysis of ZDR Column Trends in Tornadic Supercells

Within the updraft of a thunderstorm cell, liquid drops can be lofted several kilometers above the height of the environmental freezing level (EFL). If the upward vertical motion is sufficient, lofted drops may rapidly accumulate mass via coalescence. The oblate shape of such drops contributes positively to differential reflectivity ZDR. In turn, the positive thermal perturbation from latent heating within the updraft favors a region of enhanced ZDR above the EFL. Moreover, non-instantaneous freezing of drops (e.g., Pruppacher and Klett 1997; Kumjian et al. 2012) can yield an upward extension of this enhancement, such that a vertically continuous column forms. Thus, this signature is known as the “ZDR column” and has been frequently reported within the literature (e.g., Hall et al.1984; Illingworth et al. 1987; Caylor and Illingworth 1987). Typically at S band, ZDR values within this signature range from around 1 to 3 dB, with occasional values as high as 5 dB. An
Artificial Intelligence for Impact Assessment of Administrative Burdens

This study proposes the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to automatize part of the legislative impact assessment process. In particular, the focus of this study is the automatic identification of administrative burdens from legislative documents. The goal of impact assessment for administrative burdens is to apply an evidence-based approach toward compliance costs generated by regulation. Employing advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques based on a transformer architecture, a system was specifically developed and tested using Portuguese legislation. The experimental phase involved the system's ability to accurately and comprehensively identify administrative burdens. Experimental results demonstrated the system's effectiveness, showing its suitability for supporting the legislative impact assessment process by automating a time-consuming task. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt concerning the use of AI for automatizing the identification of administrative burdens. The proposed system may provide governments and policymakers with a tool to speed up the legislative impact assessment process, thereby streamlining decision-making processes. Moreover, the use of AI can make the legislative impact assessment process less subjective, thus increasing its transparency and making citizens more confident about the impartiality of the process that leads to new legislation. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-019 Full Text: PDF
Evolution of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in Anticyclonic Eddies

Anticyclonic eddies (AEs) trap and transport the North Pacific subtropical mode water (STMW), but the evolution of the STMW trapped in AEs has not been fully studied due to the lack of eddy-tracking subsurface observations. Here we analyze profiles from special-designed Argo floats that follow two STMW-trapping AEs for more than a year. The enhanced daily sampling by these Argo floats swirling around the eddies enables an unprecedented investigation into the structure and evolution of the trapped STMW. In the AEs, the upper (lower) thermocline domes up (concaves downward), and this lens-shaped double thermocline encompasses the thick STMW within the eddy core. The lighter STMW (25.0 ∼ 25.2 σθ) trapped in AEs dissipates quickly after the formation in winter because of the deepening seasonal thermocline, but the denser STMW (25.2 ∼ 25.4 σθ) remains largely unchanged except when the AE passes across the Izu Ridge. The enhanced diapycnal mixing over the ridge weakens the denser STMW appreciably. While many AEs decay upon hitting the ridge, some pass through a bathymetric gap between the Hachijojima and Bonin Islands, forming a cross-ridge pathway for STMW transport. By contrast, the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) underneath is deeper than the eddy trapping depth (600 m), and hence left behind east of the Izu Ridge. In Argo climatology, the shallow STMW (< 400 m) intrudes through the gap westward because of the eddy transport, while the NPIW (800 m) is blocked by the Izu Ridge.
Projections of Human Exposure to Dangerous Heat in African Cities Under Multiple Socioeconomic and Climate Scenarios

Human exposure to dangerous heat, driven by climatic and demographic changes, is increasing worldwide. Being located in hot regions and showing high rates of urban population growth, African cities appear particularly likely to face significantly increased exposure to dangerous heat in the coming decades. We combined projections of urban population under five socioeconomic scenarios—shared socioeconomic pathways—with projections of apparent temperature under three representative concentration pathways in order to explore future exposure to dangerous heat across 173 large African cities. Employing multiple shared socioeconomic pathway and representative concentration pathway combinations, we demonstrated that the aggregate exposure in African cities will increase by a multiple of 20–52, reaching 86–217 billion person‐days per year by the 2090s, depending on the scenario. The most exposed cities are located in Western and Central Africa, although several Eastern African cities showed an increase of more than 2,000 times the current level by the 2090s, due to the emergence of dangerous heat conditions combined with steady urban population growth. In most cases, we found future exposure to be predominantly driven by changes in population alone or by concurrent changes in climate and population, with the influence of changes in climate alone being minimal. We also demonstrated that shifting from a high to a low urban population growth pathway leads to a slightly greater reduction in aggregate exposure than shifting from a high to a low emissions pathway (51% vs. 48%). This emphasizes the critical role that socioeconomic development plays in shaping heat‐related health challenges in African cities.
Novel Roles of the Greatwall Kinase Rim15 in Yeast Oxidative Stress Tolerance through Mediating Antioxidant Systems and Transcriptional Regulation

The Greatwall-family protein kinase Rim15 is associated with the nutrient starvation response, whereas its role in oxidative stress responses remains unclear. Here, acetic acid and peroxide were used as two oxidative stress elicitors. The antioxidant indicator assay under acetic acid stress revealed the impaired growth in rim15Δ related to the regulation of antioxidant systems. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are predicted to be mostly regulated by oxidative stress-responsive transcriptional factor Yap1. Among the DEGs, acetic acid stress-induced genes were found, and YAP1 disruption also inhibited their induction. The deletion of Rim15 or the Rim15 kinase domain in yap1Δ did not further decrease the gene expression, suggesting that Rim15 functions together with Yap1 in regulating acetic acid stress-induced genes, which requires Rim15 kinase activity. Additionally, Rim15 regulated H2O2 stress tolerance through partially similar but special mechanisms in that Rim15 kinase activity impacted acetic acid and H2O2 stress tolerance in different degrees, indicating the different mechanisms underlying Rim15-mediated redox regulation against different stressors. These results benefit the better understanding of stress signaling pathways related to Rim15. Given that Rim15 and some of its target genes are conserved across eukaryotes, these results also provide a basis for studies of oxidative stress-related processes in other organisms.
Analyzing the Magnetopause Internal Structure: New Possibilities Offered by MMS Tested in a Case Study

We explore the structure of the magnetopause using a crossing observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft on 16 October 2015. Several methods (minimum variance analysis, BV method, and constant velocity analysis) are first applied to compute the normal to the magnetopause considered as a whole. The different results obtained are not identical, and we show that the whole boundary is not stationary and not planar, so that basic assumptions of these methods are not well satisfied. We then analyze more finely the internal structure for investigating the departures from planarity. Using the basic mathematical definition of what is a one‐dimensional physical problem, we introduce a new single spacecraft method, called LNA (local normal analysis) for determining the varying normal, and we compare the results so obtained with those coming from the multispacecraft minimum directional derivative (MDD) tool developed by Shi et al. (2005). This last method gives the dimensionality of the magnetic variations from multipoint measurements and also allows estimating the direction of the local normal when the variations are locally 1‐D. This study shows that the magnetopause does include approximate one‐dimensional substructures but also two‐ and three‐dimensional structures. It also shows that the dimensionality of the magnetic variations can differ from the variations of other fields so that, at some places, the magnetic field can have a 1‐D structure although all the plasma variations do not verify the properties of a global one‐dimensional problem. A generalization of the MDD tool is proposed.
Downregulation of LAMB3 Altered the Carcinogenic Properties of Human Papillomavirus 16-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells

Nearly all cervical cancer cases are caused by infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types. The mechanism of cervical cell transformation is related to the powerful action of viral oncoproteins and cellular gene alterations. Transcriptomic data from cervical cancer and normal cervical cells were utilized to identify upregulated genes and their associated pathways. The laminin subunit beta-3 (LAMB3) mRNAwas overexpressed in cervical cancer and was chosen for functional analysis. The LAMB3 was predominantly expressed in the extracellular region and the plasma membrane, which play a role in protein binding and cell adhesion molecule binding, leading to cell migration and tissue development. LAMB3 was found to be implicated in the pathway in cancer and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. LAMB3 knockdown decreased cell migration, invasion, anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent cell growth and increased the number of apoptotic cells. These effects were linked to a decrease in protein levels involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and an increase in p53 protein. This study demonstrated that LAMB3 could promote cervical cancer cell migration, invasion and survival.
The Triple Helix: Education, Self-Efficacy and Intention in Entrepreneurship

: Now-a-days countries worldwide are grappling with challenges across various economic fronts such as employment, trade, financing, economic growth, and a high rate of inflation due to the global pandemic and conflicts. Entrepreneurship emerges as a mean to manage and stabilize the economy. Examining entrepreneurial intention provides insights into the potential pool of future entrepreneurs. This study aims to analyze the role of entrepreneurial education at the university level in enhancing entrepreneurial self-efficacy and fostering entrepreneurial intention among management graduates. The study involved 386 participants from three different universities who had studied entrepreneurship development as part of their curriculum. Using IBM AMOS 26.0 software, the validity and reliability of the sample data are ensured, and the fitness of the model was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling. The results show a significant relationship among the triple helix, entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, and intention. Furthermore, entrepreneurial self-efficacy acts as a mediator between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention. Consequently, this study suggests enhancing the quality of entrepreneurial education at universities to nurture entrepreneurial intention among students.
Gut-Modulating Agents and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a highly fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive wasting and paralysis of voluntary muscle. Despite extensive research, the etiology of ALS remains elusive, and effective treatment options are limited. However, recent evidence implicates gut dysbiosis and gut–brain axis (GBA) dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis. Alterations to the composition and diversity of microbial communities within the gut flora have been consistently observed in ALS patients. These changes are often correlated with disease progression and patient outcome, suggesting that GBA modulation may have therapeutic potential. Indeed, targeting the gut microbiota has been shown to be neuroprotective in several animal models, alleviating motor symptoms and mitigating disease progression. However, the translation of these findings to human patients is challenging due to the complexity of ALS pathology and the varying diversity of gut microbiota. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on ALS-related gut dysbiosis, focusing on the implications of GBA dysfunction. It delineates three main mechanisms by which dysbiosis contributes to ALS pathology: compromised intestinal barrier integrity, metabolic dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. It also examines preclinical evidence on the therapeutic potential of gut-microbiota-modulating agents (categorized as prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics) in ALS.
The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Stock Returns with Moderating Variables of Cash Holding and Earnings Management

This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia on company cash holdings, earnings management practices, and stock returns. To overcome this, a parameter estimation method can be used by adding weight to each parameter, namely the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method. The results showed that the covid-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on the company's cash holding as a consequence of the company's decreased ability to generate profits. The value of P>|z| shows the number 0.109 which means that the variable has no significant effect. The results of the hypothesis test show that cash holding significant effect on earnings management. At the same time, the company's long-term stock returns are not significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Earning management practices are also not proven to significantly affect stock returns.
First records of Chlamydatus saltitans (Fallén, 1807) and Tupiocoris rhododendri (Dolling, 1972) (Heteroptera, Miridae) and notes on other rare and alien true bugs in Switzerland

1 Swiss federal research institute wSl, Biodiversity and conservation Biology, zürcherstrasse 111, ch-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland 2 institute for terrestrial ecosystems, department of environmental Systems Science, eth zurich, universitätstrasse 16, ch-8092 zürich, Switzerland 3 department of Biology, ecology & evolution, chemin du Musée 10, ch-1700 fribourg, Switzerland 4 Schillerstrasse 13, d-78467 konstanz, germany corresponding author: ralf.p.heckmann@t-online.de
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma and Microbiota: Etiopathogenesis and Potential New Therapeutic Targets

Objective To review the scientific literature related to human microbiota and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Methodology. An exploratory and systematic review of the articles retrieved from the bibliographic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus, published in the last 10 years with the following descriptors: “lymphoma, T-cell, cutaneous,” “microbiota,” “Mycosis Fungoides,” “Sézary Syndrome,” “lymphoma, primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell,” “Lymphomatoid Papulosis” and “Microbiota,” “microbiota,” “Microbial Community,” and “Microbial Communities. ” Results Of the 87 references retrieved, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected. Most studies linking cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and the microbiota focus on the cutaneous microbiome, with Staphylococcus aureus being the main related agent. Skin colonization by this bacterium could be involved in the hyperactivation of the STAT3 inflammatory pathway and in the overproduction of IL-17, both of which are widely related to the development of more aggressive and advanced forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. We also found evidence of a possible relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and the development of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, observing a decrease in taxonomic variability and an increase in certain genera such as Prevotella in the intestinal microbiome of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The possible etiopathogenic mechanism underlying this relationship could be explained by an increase in systemic cytokine release, promoting the hyperactivation of STAT3 at the skin level. Conclusion There appears to be a relationship between cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and the cutaneous and intestinal microbiome, as well as a possible pathophysiological pathway involved. The possible modulation of the cutaneous and intestinal microbiome or the action on the signaling inflammatory pathway, using pharmacological tools such as JAK inhibitors or IL-17 inhibitors in the latter case, could open the possibility for future therapeutic studies for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Palaeoproxies: botanical monitors and recorders of atmospheric change

The integration of plant and Earth sciences offers the opportunity to develop and test palaeobotanical monitors and recorders (palaeoproxies) of past atmospheric change that are understood from a mechanistic perspective, with the underpinning responses being identified and understood at the genetic level. This review highlights how this approach has been used to deliver two distinct palaeoproxies. The first is based on the negative relationship between stomata (breathing pores found on the leaf surface) and atmospheric CO2 concentration; the second is based on tracking chemical changes seen in the composition of pollen and spores to reconstruct changes in the flux of UV‐B radiation on the Earth's surface and from this infer changes in stratospheric processes linked to the eruption and emplacement of Large Igneous Provinces. Here, we highlight the potential of integrating a new rapid, inexpensive chemical analysis technique with existing, robust palynological methods, opening the door to a deeper understanding of past environments via the palaeobiological record. A look to the future suggests a combined solar radiation–CO2 concentration approach could be readily applied across the geological record.