Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Locally linear neurofuzzy modeling and prediction of geomagnetic disturbances based on solar wind conditions

Disturbance storm time index (Dst) is nonlinearly related to solar wind data. In this paper, Dst past values, Dst derivative, past values of southward interplanetary magnetic field, and the square root of dynamic pressure are used as inputs for modeling and prediction of the Dst index, especially during extreme events. The geoeffective solar wind parameters are selected depending on the physical background of the geomagnetic storm procedure and physical models. A locally linear neurofuzzy model with a progressive tree construction learning algorithm is applied as a powerful tool for nonlinear modeling of Dst index on the basis of its past values and solar wind parameters. The result for modeling and prediction of several intense storms shows that the geomagnetic disturbance Dst index based on geoeffective parameters is a nonlinear model that could be considered as the nonlinear extension of empirical linear physical models. The method is applied for prediction of some geomagnetic storms. Obtained results show that using the proposed method, the predicted values of several extreme storms are highly correlated with observed values. In addition, prediction of the main phase of many storms shows a good match with observed data, which constitutes an appropriate approach for solar storm alerting to vulnerable industries.
Structural evolution in epitaxial metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown GaN films on sapphire

The structural evolution of epitaxial GaN layers grown on basal plane sapphire has been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), x‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High‐temperature growth (1050–1080 °C) on optimized nucleation layers leads to clear, specular films. AFM on the as‐grown surface shows evenly spaced monatomic steps indicative of layer by layer growth. AFM measurements show a step termination density of 1.7×108 cm−2 for 5 μm films. This value is in close agreement with TEM measurements of screw and mixed screw‐edge threading dislocation density. The total measured threading dislocation density in the 5 μm films is 7×108 cm−2.
Microscopic calculation of the symmetry and Coulomb components of the complex optical-model potential

We first investigate how the mass operator for symmetric and uncharged nuclear matter is modified in the presence of a Coulomb field and of neutron excess. Detailed calculations are performed with Reid's hard-core nucleon-nucleon interaction. They are carried out in the framework of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation, although some higher-order contributions to the low-density expansion of the mass operator are also considered. We relate the mass operator to the optical-model potential. We then use a local density approximation to construct the optical-model potential in a finite nucleus. We find that the half-depth radius of the isoscalar part of the calculated optical-model potential has the form r/sub V/A/sup 1///sup 3/, where A denotes the mass number. Since this property has always been assumed in the phenomenological analysis of the scattering data, a meaningful comparison is possible between our theoretical results for the symmetry and for the Coulomb components of the optical-model potential on the one hand, and the empirical values of these quantities as determined from the analysis of proton and neutron elastic scattering data or of direct charge exchange reactions on the other hand. The calculated depth of the symmetry potential is 11.5 MeV, but its range is larger than thatmore » of the isoscalar potential. The calculated value of the so-called Coulomb correction is larger than the one that is assumed in most empirical analyses. The combined effect of these features yields good overall agreement between the calculated and the empirical dependence on neutron excess of the optical-model potential. (AIP)« less
Inner magnetospheric electron temperature and spacecraft potential estimated from concurrent Polar upper hybrid frequency and relative potential measurements

Direct measurement of low < 1 eV electron temperature is difficult to make in the Earth's inner magnetosphere for electron densities (Ne) < 3 × 102 cm−3. We compute these quantities by solving current balance equations in low‐density regions. Concurrent measurements from the Polar spacecraft of the relative potential (VS − VP), between the spacecraft body and the electric field probe, and the electron density (Ne), derived from upper hybrid frequency (fUHR), were used in the current balance equations to solve for the electron temperature (Te), Vs, and Vp. Where VP is the probe potential and VS is the spacecraft potential relative to the nearby plasma. The assumption that the bulk plasma electrons are Maxwellian is used in the computations. Our data set covered 1.5 years of measurements when fUHR was detectable (L < 10). The following “averaged” Te versus L relation for 3 < L < 5 was obtained: Te = 0.58 + 0.49 (L − 3) eV. This expression is in reasonable agreement with extrapolations of ionospheric Te measurements by Akebono at lower altitudes. However, the solution is sensitive to the photoemission coefficients, substituting those of Scudder et al. (2000) with those of Escoubet et al. (1997), the Te curve shifted upward by ~1 eV. Also, the solution is sensitive to measurement error of VS − VP, applying a voltage shift of ±0.1 and ±0.2 V to VS − VP, the relative median error for our data set was computed to be 0.27 and 1.04, respectively. We believe that our Te values computed outside the plasmasphere are unrealistically low. We conclude that this method shows promise inside the plasmasphere but should be used with caution. We also quantified the Ne versus VS − VP relationship. The running median Ne versus VS − VP curve shows no significant variation over the 1.5 year period of the data set, suggesting that the photoemission coefficients did not change significantly over this time span. The Scudder et al. (2000) Ne model, based on only one Polar orbit, is in reasonable agreement (within a factor of 2) with our results.
Asymptotic formulas related to free products of cyclic groups

Asymptotic formulas for the number of subgroups of a given index of the free product of finitely many cyclic groups are given. The classical modular group r is discussed in detail, and a table of the number of subgroups of r of index n is given for 1 6 n 1. k= 1 Define the formal power series f (x), g(x) by 00 00 f(X) an OX n g(x) =, M nXn n=o n1 Then (1) is equivalent to the identity (2) g(x) = xf'(x)/f(x). Formula (2) implies that (3) ~~~~00 Mn ( Z xA = log Ax)5 n= 1 so that (4) E nA = log(l + f(x)-M1) = ( n Comparing coefficients of corresponding powers of x in (4), we find the following result, which we state as a theorem: THEOREM 1. The numbers Mn are given explicitly as functions of the numbers an by the formula Received March 18, 1976. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 2OE35, 10DO5, 10-04.
Small noncoding vault RNA2‐1 disrupts gut epithelial barrier function via interaction with HuR

Vault RNAs (vtRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs and highly expressed in many eukaryotes. Here, we identified vtRNA2‐1 as a novel regulator of the intestinal barrier via interaction with RNA‐binding protein HuR. Intestinal mucosal tissues from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and from mice with colitis or sepsis express increased levels of vtRNAs relative to controls. Ectopically expressed vtRNA2‐1 decreases the levels of intercellular junction (IJ) proteins claudin 1, occludin, and E‐cadherin and causes intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in vitro, whereas vtRNA2‐1 silencing promotes barrier function. Increased vtRNA2‐1 also decreases IJs in intestinal organoid, inhibits epithelial renewal, and causes Paneth cell defects ex vivo. Elevating the levels of tissue vtRNA2‐1 in the intestinal mucosa increases the vulnerability of the gut barrier to septic stress in mice. vtRNA2‐1 interacts with HuR and prevents HuR binding to claudin 1 and occludin mRNAs, thus decreasing their translation. These results indicate that vtRNA2‐1 impairs intestinal barrier function by repressing HuR‐facilitated translation of claudin 1 and occludin.
EVAnalyzer: High content imaging for rigorous characterisation of single extracellular vesicles using standard laboratory equipment and a new open‐source ImageJ/Fiji plugin

Abstract Extracellular vesicle (EV) research increasingly demands for quantitative characterisation at the single vesicle level to address heterogeneity and complexity of EV subpopulations. Emerging, commercialised technologies for single EV analysis based on, for example, imaging flow cytometry or imaging after capture on chips generally require dedicated instrumentation and proprietary software not readily accessible to every lab. This limits their implementation for routine EV characterisation in the rapidly growing EV field. We and others have shown that single vesicles can be detected as light diffraction limited fluorescent spots using standard confocal and widefield fluorescence microscopes. Advancing this simple strategy into a process for routine EV quantitation, we developed ‘EVAnalyzer’, an ImageJ/Fiji (Fiji is just ImageJ) plugin for automated, quantitative single vesicle analysis from imaging data. Using EVAnalyzer, we established a robust protocol for capture, (immuno‐)labelling and fluorescent imaging of EVs. To exemplify the application scope, the process was optimised and systematically tested for (i) quantification of EV subpopulations, (ii) validation of EV labelling reagents, (iii) in situ determination of antibody specificity, sensitivity and species cross‐reactivity for EV markers and (iv) optimisation of genetic EV engineering. Additionally, we show that the process can be applied to synthetic nanoparticles, allowing to determine siRNA encapsulation efficiencies of lipid‐based nanoparticles (LNPs) and protein loading of SiO2 nanoparticles. EVAnalyzer further provides a pipeline for automated quantification of cell uptake at the single cell–single vesicle level, thereby enabling high content EV cell uptake assays and plate‐based screens. Notably, the entire procedure from sample preparation to the final data output is entirely based on standard reagents, materials, laboratory equipment and open access software. In summary, we show that EVAnalyzer enables rigorous characterisation of EVs with generally accessible tools. Since we further provide the plugin as open‐source code, we expect EVAnalyzer to not only be a resource of immediate impact, but an open innovation platform for the EV and nanoparticle research communities.
Perspectives on the future of urothelial carcinoma therapy: chemotherapy and beyond

ABSTRACT Introduction Despite recent developments in the landscape of urothelial carcinoma (UC) treatment, platinum combination chemotherapy still remains a milestone. Recently immunotherapeutic agents have gained ever-growing attractivity, particularly in the metastatic setting. Novel chemotherapeutic strategies and agents, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and powerful combination regimens have been developed to overcome the resistance of most UC to current therapies. Areas covered Herein, we review the current standard-of-care chemotherapy, the development of ADCs, the rationale for combining therapy regimens with chemotherapy in current trials, and future directions in UC management. Expert opinion Immunotherapy has prompted a revolution in the treatment paradigm of UC. However, only a few patients experience a long-term response when treated with single-agent immunotherapies. Combination treatments are necessary to bypass resistance mechanisms and broaden the clinical utility of current options. Current evidence supports the intensification of standard-of-care chemotherapy with maintenance immunotherapy. However, the optimal sequence, combination, and duration must be determined to achieve individual longevity with acceptable health-related quality of life. In that regard, ADCs appear as a promising alternative for single and combination strategies in UC, as they specifically target the tumor cells, thereby, theoretically improving treatment efficacy and avoiding extensive off-target toxicities.
Longitudinal study of clinical and neurophysiological features in essential tremor

Essential tremor (ET) is a common and heterogeneous disorder characterized by postural/kinetic tremor of the upper limbs and other body segments and by non‐motor symptoms, including cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities. Only a limited number of longitudinal studies have comprehensively and simultaneously investigated motor and non‐motor symptom progression in ET. Possible soft signs that configure the ET‐plus diagnosis are also under‐investigated in follow‐up studies. We aimed to longitudinally investigate the progression of ET manifestations by means of clinical and neurophysiological evaluation.
Work-related stress and atopic dermatitis: Results from the study on occupational allergy risks

Abstract Chronic stress at work is ubiquitous in modern societies. However, its influence on atopic dermatitis (AD) has hardly been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the association between work-related stress and AD via a longitudinal study. The analysis comprised data from three phases (2002–2003, 2007–2009, 2017–2018) of the prospective Study on Occupational Allergy Risks (SOLAR), including 1,240 young adults aged 16 to 18 years at baseline (61% female) who were originally recruited for the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase II in 1995–1996. AD was assessed at all three phases based on self-reports of a physician’s diagnosis and symptoms. Work-related stress was measured at all three periods using the work discontent and work overload scales from the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress with adaptions to school and university. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between stress and AD, treating work discontent and work overload first as continuous and then as categorical exposure variables. We observed 50 AD cases (4%) at SOLAR I, 48 (4%) at SOLAR II, and 42 (3%) at SOLAR III. A one-point increase in the work discontent score was associated with an odds ratio (OR) for AD of 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.10). The respective increase in the work overload score led to an OR of 1.03 (95% CI, 0.99–1.06). In the categorical analysis, there was no clear indication of elevated odds of AD in the highest vs. lowest exposure group (4th vs. 1st quartile: OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.92–2.53 for work discontent; OR, 1.38, 95% CI, 0.83–2.27 for work overload). Altogether, we observed limited to no evidence for an association between work-related stress and AD. Our study’s ability to detect stronger evidence may have been compromised by shortcomings such as nondifferential misclassification of the outcome or insufficient statistical precision due to small numbers of AD cases. Another explanation could be that AD predominantly becomes evident in childhood, not in adulthood.
Spatially informed Bayesian neural network for neurodegenerative diseases classification

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases. One field of extensive clinical use of MRI is the accurate and automated classification of degenerative disorders. Most of current classification studies either do not mirror medical practice where patients may exhibit early stages of the disease, comorbidities, or atypical variants, or they are not able to produce probabilistic predictions nor account for uncertainty. Also, the spatial heterogeneity of the brain alterations caused by neurodegenerative processes is not usually considered, despite the spatial configuration of the neuronal loss is a characteristic hallmark for each disorder. In this article, we propose a classification technique that incorporates uncertainty and spatial information for distinguishing between healthy subjects and patients from four distinct neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. We introduce a spatially informed Bayesian neural network (SBNN) that combines a three‐dimensional neural network to extract neurodegeneration features from MRI, Bayesian inference to account for uncertainty in diagnosis, and a spatially informed MRI image using hidden Markov random fields to encode cerebral spatial information. The SBNN model demonstrates that classification accuracy increases up to 25% by including a spatially informed MRI scan. Furthermore, the SBNN provides a robust probabilistic diagnosis that resembles clinical decision‐making and can account for the heterogeneous medical presentations of neurodegenerative disorders.
The combined tumor-nodal glycolytic entropy improves survival stratification in nonsmall cell lung cancer with locoregional disease

Objective To investigate whether combining primary tumor and metastatic nodal glycolytic heterogeneity on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (18F-FDG PET) improves prognostic prediction in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with locoregional disease. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 18F-FDG PET-derived features from 94 patients who had undergone curative treatments for regional nodal metastatic NSCLC. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. We used the independent prognosticators to construct models to predict survival. Results Combined entropy (entropy derived from the combination of the primary tumor and metastatic nodes) and age independently predicted OS (both P = 0.008) and PFS (P = 0.007 and 0.050, respectively). At the same time, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status was another independent risk factor for unfavorable OS (P = 0.026). Our combined entropy-based models outperformed the traditional staging system (c-index = 0.725 vs. 0.540, P < 0.001 for OS; c-index = 0.638 vs. 0.511, P = 0.003 for PFS) and still showed prognostic value in subgroups according to sex, histopathology, and different initial curative treatment strategies. Conclusion Combined primary tumor-nodal glycolytic heterogeneity independently predicted survival outcomes. In combination with clinical risk factors, our models provide better survival predictions and may enable tailored treatment strategies for NSCLC with locoregional disease.
Assessing the coupling between local neural activity and global connectivity fluctuations: Application to human intracranial electroencephalography during a cognitive task

Cognitive‐relevant information is processed by different brain areas that cooperate to eventually produce a response. The relationship between local activity and global brain states during such processes, however, remains for the most part unexplored. To address this question, we designed a simple face‐recognition task performed in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy and monitored with intracranial electroencephalography (EEG). Based on our observations, we developed a novel analytical framework (named “local–global” framework) to statistically correlate the brain activity in every recorded gray‐matter region with the widespread connectivity fluctuations as proxy to identify concurrent local activations and global brain phenomena that may plausibly reflect a common functional network during cognition. The application of the local–global framework to the data from three subjects showed that similar connectivity fluctuations found across patients were mainly coupled to the local activity of brain areas involved in face information processing. In particular, our findings provide preliminary evidence that the reported global measures might be a novel signature of functional brain activity reorganization when a stimulus is processed in a task context regardless of the specific recorded areas.
Health associations with meeting the new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines recommendations according to body mass index classes in Canadian adults.

Background Data on meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for adults (24-H Guidelines) and associations with health indicators by body mass index (BMI) class are needed to support public health surveillance. The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of Canadian adults meeting individual and various combinations of the 24-H Guidelines by BMI class and their association with health indicators. Data and methods Data from the cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 1 to 4 (2007 to 2015, n = 10,515 adults aged 18 to 79 years) were used. Daily time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour were assessed using accelerometry. Sleep duration, recreational screen time, chronic conditions, sociodemographic characteristics, and general and mental health were self-reported. The BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and aerobic fitness were directly measured. Respondents were classified as meeting the 24-H Guidelines when: • the MVPA was 150 minutes per week or more; • sedentary time was nine hours or less per day; • recreational screen time was three hours or less per day; • sleep duration was seven to nine hours per day for individuals aged 18 to 64 years or seven to eight hours per day for individuals aged 65 years and older. Results Significantly fewer adults with overweight (6.1%) or class I (4.3%) and class II or III (3.9%) obesity met all three 24-H Guidelines compared with those with normal weight (9.5%). Meeting all three or two recommendations of the 24-H Guidelines was generally associated with a lower waist circumference, higher aerobic physical fitness and self-perceived general health regardless of BMI class. Interpretation Canadian adults living with overweight and obesity are less likely to meet the 24-H Guidelines. Most of the benefits associated with meeting the 24-H Guidelines are observed regardless of BMI status.
CO Column Density and Extinction in the Chamaeleon II--III Dark-Cloud Complex

We carried out 13 CO (J = 1–0) and C 18 O( J = 1–0) observations of the Chamaeleon II–III dark-cloud complex with the NANTEN radio telescope. The column densities of both molecular isotopes were derived assuming LTE. The AV values were obtained by scaling the AJ values that were derived using an adaptive-grid star-count method applied to the DENISJ-band data. We established the AV–CO isotope column-density relations in Cha II and III, and compared them with those in Cha I. The slopes of the AV– 13 CO relations for Cha II and III are steeper than that for Cha I. Those of the AV–C 18 O relations are similar among the three clouds. The total column density ratio, N( 13 CO)/N(C 18 O), in Cha I tends to be small compared with those in Cha II or Cha III; the ratios range from ∼ 5 to ∼ 25 at low extinction in Cha II and III, but at most ∼ 10 in Cha I. We suggest that the increase of N( 13 CO) due to the 13 CO formation process causes cloud-to-cloud variations in the AV–N( 13 CO) correlation.
Series load flow : A novel non-iterative load flow method

A noniterative method for solving load flow equations is presented in the paper. The method is based on the Taylor series expansion of the inverse load flow function. Formulas to compute the Taylor series are derived and associated solution algorithms are developed. Load flow results can be obtained by simply calculating and summing the significant terms of the series. The proposed method is evaluated using four test systems. Potential applications of the method are discussed.