Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One-Year Outcomes of Heparin-Bonded Stent-Graft Therapy for Real-World Femoropopliteal Lesions and the Association of Patency With the Prothrombotic State Based on the Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Viabahn Stent-Graft Placement for Femoropopliteal Diseases Requiring Endovascular Therapy (V

Purpose: To evaluate the real-world primary patency of heparin-bonded stent-graft therapy for femoropopliteal (FP) occlusive disease and identify any clinical factors, including the prothrombotic state, associated with the loss of patency. Materials and Methods: This multicenter study prospectively enrolled 424 limbs of 371 patients (mean age 75±8 years; 247 men) scheduled for Viabahn stent-graft placement in the FP segment. A full-coverage strategy using only a Viabahn stent-graft was preferred, but “spot stenting” with the Viabahn was also allowed. The prothrombotic state was assessed by measuring platelet reactivity. Vascular morphology was evaluated using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Primary patency was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method in the subgroup of patients having full lesion stent-graft coverage (n=343 limbs, 81.1%). The secondary outcomes were major amputation, surgical reconstruction, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and thrombotic occlusion. Regression analyses were used to explore associations of baseline and clinical variables with loss of patency; the results are given as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The 1-year primary patency estimate was 80.3% (95% CI 75.5% to 85.1%) in the full-coverage group. There were 7 surgical reconstructions, 46 TLRs, 21 acute thrombotic occlusions, and 1 major amputation during the 1-year follow-up in the full-coverage group. Only angiography- and IVUS-determined vessel diameters were significantly associated with loss of patency, with crude ORs of 0.64 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.89, p=0.009) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.90, p=0.009), respectively, per 1-mm increase, whereas other variables, including the prothrombotic state (p=0.74), were not. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that only IVUS-determined vessel diameter was independently associated with loss of patency (adjusted OR per 1-mm increase 0.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.00, p=0.049). Conclusion: FP stent-graft placement achieved acceptable patency at 1 year in a real-world setting. A smaller vessel size was significantly associated with loss of patency, whereas the prothrombotic state was not.
DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF GS-GOGAT GENE EXPRESSION BY PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN ARABIDOPSIS SEEDLINGS

Primary and secondary ammonium assimilation is catalyzed by the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis genome contains five cytosolic GS1 genes ( GLN1;1 – GLN1;5 ), one nuclear gene for chloroplastic GS2 isoform ( GLN2 ), two Fd-GOGAT genes ( GLU1 and GLU2 ) and a GLT1 gene coding for NADH-GOGAT. Even though the regulation of GS and GOGAT isoforms has been extensively studied in response to various environmental and metabolic cues in many plant species, little is known about the effects of phytohormones on their regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of representative plant growth regulators, kinetin (KIN), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on the expression of A. thaliana GS and GOGAT genes. The obtained results indicate that GS and GOGAT genes are differentially regulated by growth regulators in shoots and roots. KIN and 2,4-D repressed GS and GOGAT expression in roots, with little effect on transcript levels in shoots. KIN affected all tested genes; 2,4-D was apparently more selective and less potent. ABA induced the expression of GLN1;1 and GLU2 in whole seedlings, while GA 3 enhanced the expression of all tested genes in shoots, except GLU2 . The observed expression patterns are discussed in relation to physiological roles of investigated plant growth regulators and N-assimilating enzymes.
Evidence of localized and widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity in patients with tension-type headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective This meta-analysis evaluates pressure pain sensitivity values in symptomatic and distant pain-free areas comparing individuals with tension-type headache to controls. Databases and data treatment Electronic databases were searched for cross-sectional or prospective case-control studies comparing pressure pain thresholds in patients with tension-type headache to headache-free controls. Data were extracted by three reviewers. The methodological quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Meta-analyses of trigeminal, extra-trigeminal (neck) and distant pain-free areas in tension-type headache were compared to headache-free controls. Frequency of tension-type headache and gender were taken into account. Results Twenty studies were included. Patients with tension-type headache exhibited lower pressure pain thresholds than headache-free controls: Trigeminal (MD −49.11 kPa, 95% CI −66.05 to −32.17), cervical spine (MD −88.17 kPa, 95% CI −108.43 to −67.92) and distant pain-free areas (MD −98.43 kPa, 95% CI −136.78 to −60.09). Differences were significant for chronic, episodic, and mixed episodic and chronic tension-type headache within the trigeminal and neck (symptomatic areas), but only significant for chronic tension-type headache (MD −102.86, 95% CI −139.47 to −66.25 kPa) for distant pain-free areas. In general, women had lower pressure pain thresholds than men. The methodological quality ranged from fair (45%) to good (40%). The results showed a high heterogeneity and publication bias. Conclusion This first meta-analysis addressing pressure pain thresholds differences in symptomatic and distant pain-free areas between patients with tension-type headache and controls found low to moderate evidence supporting the presence of pressure pain hypersensitivity in the trigeminal and neck areas in tension-type headache in comparison with headache-free controls. Sensitivity to pressure pain was widespread only in chronic, not episodic, tension-type headache (moderate evidence). Registration number: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/R29HY
Free fatty acid binding pocket in the locked structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Locking down the SARS-CoV-2 spike Many efforts to develop therapies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are focused on the spike (S) protein trimer that binds to the host receptor. Structures of trimeric S protein show its receptor-binding domain in either an up or a down conformation. Toelzer et al. produced SARS-CoV-2 S in insect cells and determined the structure by cryo–electron microscopy. In their dataset, the closed form was predominant and was stabilized by binding linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid. A similar binding pocket appears to be present in previous highly pathogenic coronaviruses, and past studies suggested links between viral infection and fatty acid metabolism. The pocket could be exploited to develop inhibitors that trap S protein in the closed conformation. Science, this issue p. 725 The SARS-CoV-2 spike binds linoleic acid, a key molecule in inflammation, immune modulation, and membrane fluidity. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents a global crisis. Key to SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic development is unraveling the mechanisms that drive high infectivity, broad tissue tropism, and severe pathology. Our 2.85-angstrom cryo–electron microscopy structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein reveals that the receptor binding domains tightly bind the essential free fatty acid linoleic acid (LA) in three composite binding pockets. A similar pocket also appears to be present in the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). LA binding stabilizes a locked S conformation, resulting in reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction in vitro. In human cells, LA supplementation synergizes with the COVID-19 drug remdesivir, suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Our structure directly links LA and S, setting the stage for intervention strategies that target LA binding by SARS-CoV-2.
Impact of product safety changes on accidental exposures to liquid laundry packets in children

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the impact of the ASTM International (formerly American Society of Testing Materials) safety standard and associated product safety changes on accidental exposures to liquid laundry packets (LLPs) in children. Methods The National Poison Data System was queried for reports of accidental exposures to LLPs in children <6 years old received from 01 July 2012 to 31 December 2018. In 2014, ASTM International began developing a standard specifying voluntary product changes to reduce the risk of LLP exposures in young children. Product changes were made between 2013 and 2016. Exposures were grouped into baseline, transition, and post periods based on the timing of the standard’s implementation. Exposure counts and sales adjusted rates were compared between the baseline and post period for all exposures and exposures involving healthcare facility (HCF) evaluation, HCF admission, and major medical outcomes. Results A total of 73,942 accidental exposures in children <6 years old were reported (baseline: 10,229, 13.8%; transition: 43,507, 58.8%; post: 20,206, 27.3%). The percentage of exposures involving HCF evaluation (41.5% to 33.8%), HCF admission (4.5% to 1.9%), and major medical outcomes (0.6% to 0.1%) decreased from the baseline to post period. Sales adjusted rates of all exposures decreased 57.4% (4.920–2.094 exposures/1 million packets sold). Decreases also occurred in HCF evaluations (65.0% decrease; 2.026–0.708 exposures/1 million packets sold), HCF admissions (81.4% decrease; 0.218–0.041 exposures/1 million packets sold), and major medical outcomes (90.9% decrease; 0.030–0.003 exposures/1 million packets sold). Conclusions The morbidity of accidental exposures to LLPs in children decreased substantially following implementation of the ASTM International safety standard. Ongoing monitoring should be performed to determine if additional safety measures are required.
The Validity of Automated Tackle Detection in Women's Rugby League

Abstract Cummins, C, Charlton, G, Naughton, M, Jones, B, Minahan, C, and Murphy, A. The validity of automated tackle detection in women's rugby league. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1951–1955, 2022—This study assessed the validity of microtechnology devices to automatically detect and differentiate tackles in elite women's rugby league match-play. Elite female players (n = 17) wore a microtechnology device (OptimEye S5 device; Catapult Group International) during a representative match, which involved a total of 512 tackles of which 365 were defensive and 147 were attacking. Tackles automatically detected by Catapult's tackle detection algorithm and video-coded tackles were time synchronized. True positive, false negative and false positive events were utilized to calculate sensitivity (i.e., when a tackle occurred, did the algorithm correctly detect this event) and precision (i.e., when the algorithm reported a tackle, was this a true event based on video-coding). Of the 512 video-derived attacking and defensive tackle events, the algorithm was able to detect 389 tackles. The algorithm also produced 81 false positives and 123 false negatives. As such when a tackle occurred, the algorithm correctly identified 76.0% of these events. When the algorithm reported that a tackle occurred, this was an actual event in 82.8% of circumstances. Across all players, the algorithm was more sensitive to the detection of an attacking event (sensitivity: 78.2%) as opposed to a defensive event (sensitivity: 75.1%). The sensitivity and precision of the algorithm was higher for forwards (sensitivity: 81.8%; precision: 92.1%) when compared with backs (sensitivity: 64.5%; precision: 66.1%). Given that understanding the tackle demands of rugby league is imperative from both an injury-prevention and physical-conditioning perspective there is an opportunity to develop a specific algorithm for the detection of tackles within women's rugby league.
Impact of Concave/Convergent vs Parallel/ Divergent Implant Transmucosal Profiles on Hard and Soft Peri-implant Tissues: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses.

PURPOSE To systematically review the literature comparing marginal bone loss (MBL) and pink esthetic scores of implants with convergent or concave transmucosal profiles vs divergent or parallel profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PICO question was defined, and an electronic search was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Oral Health Group databases. Studies documenting type of transmucosal profile (either tissue-level profiles or abutments) and soft and/or hard tissue outcomes of implants were considered eligible. Studies were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria and quality assessments. A meta-analysis with subgroup analyses was performed. RESULTS Five papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and four were eligible for meta-analysis. Significantly less MBL was found in concave/convergent groups, with a mean difference of 0.772 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.450 to 1.095; P < .001). In the subgroup analyses for platform-switching and platform-matching connections, a significant effect in favor of concave/convergent was detected, with a standardized difference in means of 1.135 (95% CI: 0.688 to 1.583, P < .001) when platform switching was considered. No significant effects were found for platform-matching connections. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this review, it is suggested that concave/convergent implant transmucosal profiles result in less MBL. No statistically significant results were obtained for soft tissue-related outcomes or for the platform-matching connection subgroup.
Cradling Bias Occurrence and Purpose Review Article

Maternal cradling bias is the act of human females to tend to cradle newborns to the left side in the first few weeks of life. Many factors contributing to the occurrence of leftward cradling bias have been explored including handedness and hemispheric dominance, neural development in neonates, breast-feeding influences and early communicative acts [1-7]. Accepted best practices for developmental support for premature infants incorporate positioning and holding neonates in their protocols [8,9]. Questions as to what function leftward cradling serves and what impact it has on the developmental trajectory of the infant in the first few weeks of life is the subject of much research [1,10-13]. This paper will review the literature focusing on maternal cradling bias and explore implications on best practices for pediatric professionals. Volume 2 | Issue 3 | 1 of 5
ETC: Encoding Long and Structured Inputs in Transformers

Transformer models have advanced the state of the art in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we present a new Transformer architecture, Extended Transformer Construction (ETC), that addresses two key challenges of standard Transformer architectures, namely scaling input length and encoding structured inputs. To scale attention to longer inputs, we introduce a novel global-local attention mechanism between global tokens and regular input tokens. We also show that combining global-local attention with relative position encodings and a Contrastive Predictive Coding (CPC) pre-training objective allows ETC to encode structured inputs. We achieve state-of-the-art results on four natural language datasets requiring long and/or structured inputs.
Causal Adversarial Network for Learning Conditional and Interventional Distributions.

We propose a generative Causal Adversarial Network (CAN) for learning and sampling from conditional and interventional distributions. In contrast to the existing CausalGAN which requires the causal graph to be given, our proposed framework learns the causal relations from the data and generates samples accordingly. The proposed CAN comprises a two-fold process namely Label Generation Network (LGN) and Conditional Image Generation Network (CIGN). The LGN is a GAN-based architecture which learns and samples from the causal model over labels. The sampled labels are then fed to CIGN, a conditional GAN architecture, which learns the relationships amongst labels and pixels and pixels themselves and generates samples based on them. This framework is equipped with an intervention mechanism which enables. the model to generate samples from interventional distributions. We quantitatively and qualitatively assess the performance of CAN and empirically show that our model is able to generate both interventional and conditional samples without having access to the causal graph for the application of face generation on CelebA data.
Visual Attention, Mental Stress and Gender: A Study Using Physiological Signals

The relationship between visual attention and stress is a long-standing question in cognitive science. There are few studies which indicate improvement in visual attention under stress while few other studies suggest that stress affect visual attention negatively. Even though the mental stress is a critical issue in the modern age, only a few studies investigate the impact of mental stress on visual attention. Several studies on stress suggest that stress response could differ based on gender difference. However, none of the investigations compared the male vs female visual attention under mental stress. Additionally, although there are two broad class of visual attention, namely focused and selective attention, most of the studies investigated either the focused or selective visual attention. Moreover, the stress inducer used in most of the studies could generate pain and discomfort as well. The generated pain and discomfort may affect visual attention differently than just mental stress. This incompleteness and contradiction in previous research motivated us to carry out a full spectrum analysis of visual attention (focused and selective) under mental stress. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first time investigating the gender-wise visual attention (both focused and selective) performance under mental stress. We have used Rapid Serial Visual Processing (RSVP) to study the focused visual attention and Stroop task to study selective attention. We induced mental stress using the Montreal Imaging Stress Test (MIST). We also have used Electrodermal Activity Signal (EDA) and photoplethysmogram (PPG), a more robust method to study emotion, to study the participants’ mental stress condition. We observed that focused attention gets better after mental stress induction (Median = 82.94 and std = 13.19) than before the stress (Median = 71.26 and std = 16.72), t (30) = 3.02889 and $\rho =$ . 00183. Selective visual attention too improves significantly after stress induction (Median = 1682.54 and std = 286.91) than before stress (Median = 2100.58 and std = 397.40), t(30) = 4.67151 and $\rho $ = <. 00001. Furthermore, for both focused and selective visual attention, we observed that male and female both gender group had performed significantly well after stress induction than before stress. However, the gender difference does not show any statistically significant result in visual attention (both focused and selective) performance after stress induction.
Pollution Transport Simulation and Machine-Learning Aided Source Detection in Metropolitan Areas

Air pollution is one of the world’s largest environmental health threats. This study aims to use simple remote signals to locate the source of a pollution release, which will significantly enhance our readiness to counter its threat. In urban areas, the flow structures advecting the pollution are extremely complex: boundary layer separation generates vortical structures that increase the spread of pollutants and break the plume into smaller patches by dispersion effect. Furthermore, the blocking and mixing in urban areas make it more obscured to locate the pollution sources. Flow structures were obtained by solving the two-dimensional NavierStokes equations using Computational Fluid Dynamics in a simplified scenario with imaginary urban architectures. We applied the canonical neural network to relate characteristics in the remote pollutant detector signals to the actual location of the pollutant release. The proposed algorithm identifies the source location and its uncertainty through a Monte Carlo analysis. When the number of training samples is small, as limited by the number of trial-releases we can perform in reality, data augmentation is done by introducing noisy measurement as new training samples. While the source localization is reasonable in the cross-flow direction, it is much harder to locate the streamwise location of the source due to signal similarity. The data augmentation technique we applied reduced the uncertainty of the source location by introducing under-fitting phenomena into the model. Furthermore, sensors away from the center line of the flow outperforms the ones near the center line, especially for detecting off-center sources. This indicates a pronounced effect of blocking and mixing right behind the building on the center line, which blurs sensor measurements from different source locations, and thus hinders the ability to trace back to the source.
Enhancement of ARFI-VTI Elastography Images in Order to Preliminary Rapid Screening of Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors Using Multilayer Fractional-Order Machine Vision Classifier

Breast tumor ranks fourth among various cancers in terms of mortality rate in Taiwan, and it is also the most commonly prevalent cancer in females. Early detection of any malignant lesions can increase the survival rate and also decline the mortality rate through current advanced medical therapies. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) is a new imaging technique for distinguishing breast lesions in the early stage based on localized tissue displacement, which is quantitated by virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI). Digital ARFI-VTI is an initial breast imaging modality and appears to be more effective in women aged >30 years. Therefore, image enhancement process is a key technique to enhance a low- contrast image in a region of interest (ROI) for visualizing texture details and morphological features. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) fractional-order convolution, as a 2D sliding filter window (eight filters are selected), is applied to enhance ARFI-VTI images for an accurate extrapolation of lesions in an ROI. Then, the maximum pooling is performed to reduce the dimensions of the feature patterns from $32\times 32$ to $16\times 16$ size. A multilayer machine vision classifier, as a generalized regression neural network (GRNN), is then used to screen subjects with benign or malignant tumors. With a 10- fold cross-validation, promising results such as mean recall (%), mean precision (%), mean accuracy (%), and mean F1 score of 92.92± 3.43%, 80.42± 6.45%, 87.78± 2.17%, and 0.8615± 0.0495, respectively, are achieved for quantifying the performance of the proposed classifier. Breast tumors visualized on ARFI-VTI images can be useful as digitalized images for rapid screening of malignant from benign lesions by the proposed machine vision classifier.