Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clarifying the Conservation Status of Northern California Black Walnut (Juglans hindsii) Using Microsatellite Markers

Abstract The conservation status of the northern California black walnut (Juglans hindsii (Jeps.) Jeps. ex R. E. Sm. ) has been a source of considerable confusion and controversy. Although not currently legally protected by either Federal or State Endangered Species Acts, this species is given conservation status by the California Native Plant Society and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and some California counties require mitigation for removal of individuals of this species, especially older trees. Despite the current widespread distribution in northern California and southern Oregon of trees that match J. hindsii morphologically, there are only three or four sites where the species is known to have occurred prior to extensive settlement of California by Europeans in the mid-19th century. This has led to the suspicion that trees found in other places may not be genetically pure J. hindsii but may instead be descendants of lineages that experienced past gene flow from one or more other species. In addition, despite its more distant relationship, the cultivated walnut (J. regia L.) readily hybridizes (as the male parent) with J. hindsii, producing morphologically identifiable ‘Paradox' hybrids, which occur spontaneously and are widely planted as rootstocks and street trees. Finally, recent collections of J. hindsii from southern California have raised questions about the respective geographic distributions of J. hindsii and southern California black walnut (J. californica S. Watson). We analyzed genotypes at 10 microsatellite loci for 158 mostly wild J. hindsii trees, as well as some orchard waifs, from 10 counties in northern and southern California and one county in southern Oregon, including representatives of putative original native populations. We also sampled several Paradox hybrids, 10-20 standards for each of the five North American black walnut species, and six standards for J. regia. Bayesian cluster analyses with the program STRUCTURE revealed that at least 71.5% of the putatively wild J. hindsii represent genetically pure members of that species, while the remaining trees show evidence of past hybridizations with one or more of the other North American black walnut species. We found no evidence of introgression of J. regia into J. hindsii. The results suggest that individual J. hindsii trees should not have conservation status.
Factors Affecting Intention to Investing in Peer-to-Peer Lending Platform toward Universitas Indonesia Students

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect that is given - each factor on initial trust and Perceived Risk then is associated again with investment intention. The object in this study were 203 Universitas Indonesia undergraduate students representing all 14 faculties and uses a questionnaire with a purposive sampling technique in taking the necessary data. The factors in this study are divided into two of them, individual factors such as risk appetite and trust propensity, and platform factors such as perceived ease of use, perceived security, perceived reputation, perceived legality institution, then the two factors mediated by initial trust and perceived risk, and provides an explanation of the investment intention in P2P lending. The results of this study are perceived reputation has a negative and significant influence on perceived risk, perceived security has a positive and significant effect on perceived security, then also has a positive and significant effect on trust propensity, initial trust has a positive and significant effect on investment intention.
A comparative study on the prevalence of microcytic anemia and associated age of anemic patients from Benghazi city

Anemia is a public health problem marked by deficiency of RBCs and classified on the basis of size into microcytic, normocytic and macrocytic anemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microcytic anemia with the other types of anemia and related age groups in Benghazi city. there have been very few studies describing the prevalence of anemia types. A cross sectional study was performed in duration of 6 months, a total of 299 cases were studied, blood samples were collected and hematologicaly tested for CBC in hematology cell counter . As a result(72.9%) of the total anemic patients were females and (27.09%) were males, prevalence of microcytic anemia was the highest (59.19%) among anemia types, the most infected age group in females was (21-40 years) and in males was (1-10 years). Regarding normocytic anemia, the prevalence was (39.46%) and age groups (21-40 years) and (>40 years) were the most infected in both females and males respectively. Prevalence of macrocytic anemia was the lowest (1.33%), (75%) of infected cases were in age group (>40 years) and (25%) were in (21-40 years) age group. According to this study females are more anemic than males , microcytic anemia is the most predominant type of anemia followed by normocytic anemia and finally macrocytic anemia is the lowest prevalent type of anemia. More studies are needed to determine the main causes of prevalence each type of anemia.
Analyzing the Use of P2P Lending Mobile Applications in Greater Jakarta

P2P lending emerged as a result of the digital revolution that met people's needs to borrow funds in an easy way, and became an alternative to other conventional lending methods, such as lending money to banks. With the increasing access to Internet usage in society, public access to P2P lending applications will also be more open. It is proven by the significant increase of transactions in P2P lending applications in current years. Previous research has focused more on the phenomenon of P2P lending growth and its relation to the existing financial ecosystem, namely banking, and research that focuses more on MSMEs as P2P lending application users. Therefore, we see the need for research to find out what factors influence the intention to use P2P lending applications, including knowing the positive impact of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, user innovation, and government support for attitude towards using the P2P lending applications, and the positive impact of attitude towards use for behavioral intention to use P2P lending applications. The study was conducted by taking a sample of 150 people who had never applied a P2P lending application and were domiciled in Greater Jakarta. The data analysis method used for hypothesis testing was Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that trust and user innovativeness factors have a positive effect on attitude towards using P2P lending applications and attitude towards use has a positive effect on behavioral intention to use P2P lending applications. Meanwhile, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and government support do not have a positive impact on attitude towards utilizing P2P lending applications.
Development of The Causal Relationship Model for Innovative Communication Management on Image and Reputation of International Programs in Thai Universities

The aim of this research is to study the development of the causal relationship model of the management innovation of image and reputation communication of international programs of Thai universities. This research is a mixed research using a combination of methodologies including secondary data, qualitative research, and quantitative research. The samples are students studying in a bilingual or English programs at public and private high schools in the Greater Bangkok Area totaling 580 respondents. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects among the variables. The results of the analysis of the structural equation of the causal relationship model of management innovation of image and reputation communication of international programs of Thai universities were consistent with the empirical data in accordance to the statistical acceptance level with Chi-Square value = 42.124 df = 31.0 Sig. = 0.088 > 0.05 and CMIN/df. = 1.359 < 2.0. This model consists of the variables of perception of news and general information, integrated marketing communication, management, image, and reputation of international programs of universities in Thailand. The model fits the empirical data. The most influential factor affecting the image and reputation of international programs in Thai universities was the program management. This is followed by the integrated marketing communication of international programs in Thai universities.
Application of human excreta on the farms as an effective option to the uptake and replication of ecological sanitation (Ecosan) in Burera District, Rwanda

The ecological sanitation (Ecosan) technology continues to be challenged by diverse factors including exposure of human excreta to the users in different geographical settings. The purpose of the study is to understand the linkage between the uptake of Ecosan technology and theapplication of human excreta on the farms among farmers in Burera district. A quantitative study was conducted to assess the linkage between the application of human excreta on the farms and the uptake of Ecosan technology among farmers of Burera District, Northern Province of Rwanda. By using a multistage sampling strategy, a sample of 361 household farmers was selected in the sectors of Rugarama, Gahunga and Cyanika in the District of Burera where the Ecosan technology has been mostly implemented at the household level Findings show that Ecological sanitation technology is favorable among females and 70% of females prefer to use it as sanitation facilities due to its privacy and design compared to the pitlatrine technology. In addition, the application of human excreta on the farm was high and 60% of farmers apply excreta on the farmers especially when there is a time of emptying excreta from their sanitation technologies. However, only 3% of the users of Ecosan technology apply also human excreta as Ecosan products on their farms. This implies that there is a need to scale up the Ecosan technology in the community of Burera district to optimize the proper use of human excreta. The high uptake of Ecosan technology will evolve the implementation strategies such as community education, the supply of Ecosan materials in the community and the construction of Ecosan technology. This will boost sanitation coverage and increase crop production in Burera district by taking into account the community health as well as the environmental aspect
Study of the effect of the topographical length scales on the wettability as strategy to control the interfacial phenomena at droplet-wall interactions

The present paper addresses the study of the effect of the topographical length scales on the wetting behaviour and on its consequences in the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviour of impinging droplets. This work is part of a broader investigation to establish a systematic approach to design of micro-textured surfaces for cooling appli-cations based on spray and droplet impingement. The phenomena related to the wetting regime are strongly re-lated to the boiling mechanisms of the lamella but are not directly related to the heat transfer calculations. How-ever, controlling the droplet motion can be used to modify the contact area and residence time of the liquid over the surface, thus controlling the heat transfer mechanisms. This is the strategy followed here. For the set of sur-faces tested so far, the results show that the main topographical characteristics, namely the amplitude of the rough peaks, h, the distance between them, λR and the characteristic size of the peaks a seem to govern the wet-ting regimes and therefore the spreading and receding motion of the droplet, thus indirectly affecting the heat transfer to the surface. To cseparate the wetting from the heat transfer and boiling phenomena, complete wetting regime was promoted for all the surfaces tested here. So, while the characteristic dimensions of h, λR and a lead to a homogeneous wetting regime, (in this case the order of magnitude of h is much smaller than that of a and λR) increasing the ratio h/λR decreases the spreading diameter but also reduces the receding velocity, thus keep-ing the liquid for longer periods in contact with the surface. The averaged contact area of the lamella during the entire droplet/surface interaction is also larger. Consequently, the surface temperature is kept stabilized within lower values, for longer periods of time. However, these characteristic dimensions of the surface roughness will also interact with the boiling mechanisms of the lamella. The increase of h/λR performed at the expenses of a significant increase of h or a significant decrease of λR in may cause a strong effect in the nucleation mecha-nisms which becomes dominant regarding the cooling performance of the droplet. So, if the ratio h/λR ap-proaches a critical region for which, at sufficiently high heat fluxes, the cavities promote the formation of large vapour bubbles and/or strong interaction between them, a vapour blanket can be entrapped generating a dynamic droplet behaviour resembling that of the heterogeneous wetting and degrading the cooling performance. The characteristic size of a will act with the same trend of λR. In line with this, the cooling performance deterioration was correctly interpreted in previous works to be the result of the entrapment of a vapour blanket. However, this phenomenon is not a direct result of a heterogeneous wetting caused by surface topography, but instead is the consequence of the interaction of the roughness structures on the boiling mechanisms occurring within the la-mella.
Driving forces for livelihood structure changes in Vietnam’s northwestern mountainous region: A case study on Yen Chau district, Son La province

Twenty years of long-term maize monoculture that began in the 1990s have resulted in the heavily maizedependent economy of the northwestern mountainous region of Vietnam, especially in Yen Chau, the core production area. Before 2014, maize accounted for over 70 % of the agricultural area. The continuous decrease in maize production value has strongly affected the Tai Dam community in Yen Chau and led to the replacement of various livelihood activities. This contributed to a major shrinkage of the maize area by 28.2 % by the end of 2017. This study aims to investigate the determinants of the rapid development of different livelihood trends in Lac Ken, Suoi Bun, and Luong Me villages. A detailed social and statistical investigation was conducted of 198 households in 2016 and 220 households in 2017. The findings of this study indicate that small differences in cultivated land areas and infrastructure facilities have fostered the formation of and changes in livelihood structures. The areal withdrawal of maize occurred concurrently with the increasing trend of fruit tree and sugarcane cultivation. Neverbefore-seen migrant work unexpectedly became a promising livelihood activity for local farmers. Differences in internal and external forces are believed to be the driving factors behind the new forms of livelihood activities.
Influence of weather factors on incidence of fruit borer complex (Earias vittella Fabricius and Helicoverpa armigera Hub.) on okra

An experiment was conducted to study the seasonal incidence of fruit borer infesting okra (cultivar – Bhindi No.10) during post-kharif (2015 & 2016) and pre-kharif (2016 & 2017) season at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, West Bengal, India. The result revealed that the activity of fruit borer was found more during pre-kharif season in comparison to post-kharif season. The peak incidence of fruit borer (28.43%/plant) was observed in 45SW during post-kharif season and (33.22%/plant) in 20SW during pre-kharif season. Weather play an important role in incidence of fruit borer in both post-kharif and pre-kharif seasons under study. During post-kharif season, fruit borer (bored fruit %) had significantly negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperature of all weeks. During pre-kharif season the maximum temperature of current week, minimum temperature of all the week, evening RH of current week, 1-lag week and total rainfall of 2-lag week had positively significant influence on fruit borer incidence.
Response time fluctuations in the sustained attention to response task predict performance accuracy and meta-awareness of attentional states.

Previous research suggests that response time (RT) patterns in the Sustained Attention to Response Task(SART) differentially predict different features of mind wandering but it is unknown how they relate to meta-awareness of attentional states. We applied principal component analysis to blocks of non-target (go) trials prior to target(no-go) trials and attentional state and meta-awareness probes in the SART and identified three distinct patterns that replicated those observed in previous research. A stable response rate was associated with superior target performance, whereas RT acceleration prior to targets was associated with poorer target performance. Self-reported attentional state was not significantly predicted by any of the pattern components. By contrast, meta-awareness was independently associated with two distinct RT fluctuation patterns with evidence that each pattern was specifically related to either meta-awareness of off-task or on-task states. These results suggest that mind wandering and meta-awareness of attentional states have distinct and overlapping imprints on RT patterns in the SART. We conclude by highlighting implications of these results for introspective methods and the measurement of mind wandering.
Role of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) in human nutrition and health: A review

Legumes and cereals are good, relatively inexpensive, sources of proteins and energy for third world countries, including India. India is a major pulse producing country, sharing 36 and 28% of total area and production of these crops. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is widely consumed in the form of dhal as an economical source of protein. It is a dense source of nutrients, but its nutritional elements are masked by some anti-nutritional factors decreased by different processing methods. The non-nutritive compounds of pigeon pea have been investigated for their role in the enhancement of the antioxidant and anti carcinogenic effects. Recent evidences suggest that pigeon pea bioactive compounds play a vital role in modulating the gut micribiota hence, can reduce inflammation. The Prebiotic potential of non digestible raffinose family oligosaccharides has also been investigated in animal models. Research on pigeon pea prebiotic oligosaccharide and health benefits is scanty and some research regarding this novel approach remains inconclusive and there is still much to be studied. This review article focuses on the nutritional, anti-nutritional factors bioactive compounds and other health benefits of pigeon pea.
Sexual dichromatism and condition-dependence in the skin of a bat

Bats are assumed not to use vision for communication, despite recent evidence of their capacity for color vision. The possibility that bats use color traits as signals has thus been overlooked. Some tent-roosting bats have a potential for visual signaling because they exhibit bright yellow skin, a trait that in birds often acts as a sexual signal. We searched for evidence of sexual dichromatism in the yellow bare skin of Honduran white bats Ectophylla alba, the first reported mammal with a capacity to deposit significant amounts of carotenoid pigments in the skin. We found that skin yellow chroma, a measure that reflects carotenoid content, increases in the ears and nose-leaf during development probably due to an increase in dietary carotenoid accumulation. Once in the adulthood, the yellow color of the nose-leaf becomes brighter in males, representing the first evidence of sexual dichromatism in a bat. The nose-leaf brightness tends to covary positively with the body condition of males. We also found that the skin shows a reflectance peak at 530 nm that virtually coincides with the main reflectance peak (540 nm) of the back side of Heliconia leaves used as roosts. This suggests that these leaves were selected because of camouflage benefits, and the rich lighting conditions of these roosting places then favored the use of skin coloration as a sexual signal. These findings open a new perspective in the physiological and behavioral ecology of bats in which vision has a more relevant role than previously thought.
The palm Syagrus coronata proliferates and structures vascular epiphyte assemblages in a human-modified landscape of the Caatinga dry forest

Abstract The proliferation of disturbance-adapted species in human-modified landscapes may change the structure of plant communities, but the response of biodiversity to human disturbances remains poorly understood. We examine the proliferation of the palm, Syagrus coronata, in disturbed forest stands and its impacts on the structure of vascular epiphyte assemblages in a human-modified landscape of Brazilian Caatinga dry forest. First, we compared S. coronata density between old-growth and regenerating forest stands. We then surveyed vascular epiphytes on 680 phorophytes (S. coronata and non-palm/control species) across five habitat types with different disturbance levels. There was an eight-fold increase in S. coronata density in regenerating areas compared with in old-growth forest. Syagrus coronota supported richer epiphyte assemblages at local (i.e. per palm) and landscape (i.e. pooling all palms) scale than control phorophytes, supporting more than 11 times the number of species of control phorophytes at both scales. Epiphyte assemblages were more abundant, species-rich and dominated by abiotically dispersed species in forest sites with intermediate disturbance levels (regenerating forest stands). More than simply operating as an exclusive phorophyte for more than 90% of the epiphyte species we recorded here, S. coronata favours epiphyte persistence and structures their assemblages across human-modified landscapes of the Caatinga forest.
Cassava peel ensiling with tomato waste submitted to dehydration: fermentative losses and chemical composition.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dehydration times of the tomato waste (0, 4, 24, 60 and 96 hours) added in the cassava peel silages on the density, fermentative losses, dry matter recovery, chemical composition, and sensorial quality. The material was ensiled for 60 days in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) silos. There was a linear reduction of 0.406 kg tonne-1 of fresh matter in the effluent production in the silages. A maximum dry matter (DM) loss (p<0.01) of 7.00% was found with 8.10 h of dehydration of the tomato wastes. There was a quadratic behavior (p<0.01) for crude protein (CP) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), with minimum content of 9% CP and maximum content of 66.0% NFC with 3.53 h and 7.35 h of dehydration of the tomato wastes, respectively. The "satisfactory" classification was observed to the silages with 4, 24 and 96 h of dehydration of tomato waste in the sensory evaluation of the characteristics associated with the nutritional value. Cassava peel ensiling with tomato waste submitted to dehydration time of 7.35 hours is enough to promote an adequate non-fibrous carbohydrates content, associated with lower losses in the fermentation process.