Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yogurt consumption in relation to mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes: a prospective investigation in 2 cohorts of US women and men.

BACKGROUND Although a link between regular yogurt consumption and mortality appears plausible, data are sparse and have yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between regular yogurt consumption and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among US women and men. METHODS A total of 82,348 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 40,278 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer in 1980 (women) or 1986 (men) were followed up until 2012. Yogurt consumption was assessed by updated validated FFQs. RESULTS During 3,354,957 person-years of follow-up, 20,831 women and 12,397 men died. Compared with no yogurt consumption, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of mortality were 0.89 (0.86, 0.93), 0.85 (0.81, 0.89), 0.88 (0.84, 0.91), and 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) for ≤1-3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, 2-4 servings/wk, and >4 servings/wk in women (P-trend = 0.34), respectively. For men, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) were 0.99 (0.94, 1.03), 0.98 (0.91, 1.05), 1.04 (0.98, 1.10), and 1.05 (0.95, 1.16), respectively. We further noted inverse associations for cancer mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR comparing extreme categories: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.98; P-trend = 0.04) and CVD mortality (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.08; P-trend = 0.41) in women, although the latter was attenuated in the multivariable-adjusted model. Replacement of 1 serving/d of yogurt with 1 serving/d of nuts (women and men) or whole grains (women) was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, whereas replacement of yogurt with red meat, processed meat (women and men), and milk or other dairy foods (women) was associated with a greater mortality. CONCLUSIONS In our study, regular yogurt consumption was related to lower mortality risk among women. Given that no clear dose-response relation was apparent, this result must be interpreted with caution.
Contact — but not foul play — dominates injury mechanisms in men’s professional handball: a video match analysis of 580 injuries

Aim We aimed to identify patterns and mechanisms of injury situations in men’s professional handball by means of video match analysis. Methods Moderate and severe injuries (absence of >7 days) sustained in competition in one of six seasons (2010 to 2013 and 2014 to 2017) in men’s professional handball were prospectively analysed with a newly developed standardised observation form. Season 2013 to 2014 was excluded because of missing video material. Results 580 injuries were identified: 298 (51.4%) contact injuries, 151 (26.0%) indirect contact injuries and 131 (22.6%) non-contact injuries. Head (87.5%), hand (83.8%), shoulder (70.2%) and ankle (62.9%) injuries were mainly sustained during direct contact. Typical contact injuries included collision with an opponent’s upper extremity or torso, and ankle injuries mainly consisted of foot-to-foot collisions. A large proportion (41.7%) of knee injuries were caused by indirect contact, whereas thigh injuries mainly occurred (56.4%) through non-contact mechanism. Wing (56.9%) and pivot (58.4%) players had the highest proportion of contact injuries, whereas backcourt players had a high proportion of indirect contact injuries (31.5%) and goalkeepers of non-contact injuries (48.9%). The injury proportion of foul play was 28.4%. Most injuries occurred in the central zone between the 6-metre and 9-metre lines (26.1%) and during the last 10 min of each match half (OR 1.71, p=0.016). Conclusions In men’s professional handball in a league setting, contact — but not foul play — was the most common mechanism associated with moderate and severe injuries. Head, hand, shoulder and ankle injury were mainly sustained during direct contact.
PyCOOL — A Cosmological Object-Oriented Lattice code written in Python

There are a number of different phenomena in the early universe that have to be studied numerically with lattice simulations. This paper presents a graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated Python program called PyCOOL that solves the evolution of scalar fields in a lattice with very precise symplectic integrators. The program has been written with the intention to hit a sweet spot of speed, accuracy and user friendliness. This has been achieved by using the Python language with the PyCUDA interface to make a program that is easy to adapt to different scalar field models. In this paper we derive the symplectic dynamics that govern the evolution of the system and then present the implementation of the program in Python and PyCUDA. The functionality of the program is tested in a chaotic inflation preheating model, a single field oscillon case and in a supersymmetric curvaton model which leads to Q-ball production. We have also compared the performance of a consumer graphics card to a professional Tesla compute card in these simulations. We find that the program is not only accurate but also very fast. To further increase the usefulness of the program we have equipped it with numerous post-processing functions that provide useful information about the cosmological model. These include various spectra and statistics of the fields. The program can be additionally used to calculate the generated curvature perturbation. The program is publicly available under GNU General Public License at https://github.com/jtksai/PyCOOL. Some additional information can be found from http://www.physics. utu.fi/tiedostot/theory/particlecosmology/pycool/.
Fertility control Bleeding pattern and safety of consecutive use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system ( LNG-IUS ) — a multicentre prospective study

K. Gemzell-Danielsson1, P. Inki2, L. Boubli3, M. O’Flynn4, M. Kunz5, and O. Heikinheimo6,7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Global Medical Affairs Womeńs Health, Berlin, Germany Hopital Nord, Paris, France The Practice, Cork, Ireland Department of Clinical Statistics, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 610, 00029-HUS, Helsinki, Finland
Influence of sex , slaughter weight and carcass weight on “ non-carcass ” and carcass quality in segureña lambs

The effects of sex, slaughter weight and carcass weight on carcass characteristics and meat quality traits were evaluated using 100 Segurẽ na lambs. The management of all lambs was similar prior to slaughter at 19–25 kg. Slaughtered animals with a hot carcass weight below 20 kg were assigned to class B, and those greater than 22 kg to class C. Carcass weight had a significant influence on “non-carcass” components, dressing percentage, subjective carcass conformation, fat deposits, carcass fatness, bone a asurements, d rements also i neither the c all types o ©
Casimir force at a knife's edge

The Casimir force has been computed exactly for only a few simple geometries, such as infinite plates, cylinders, and spheres. We show that a parabolic cylinder, for which analytic solutions to the Helmholtz equation are available, is another case where such a calculation is possible. We compute the interaction energy of a parabolic cylinder and an infinite plate (both perfect mirrors), as a function of their separation and inclination, $H$ and $\ensuremath{\theta}$, and the cylinder's parabolic radius $R$. As $H/R\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, the proximity force approximation becomes exact. The opposite limit of $R/H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ corresponds to a semi-infinite plate, where the effects of edge and inclination can be probed.
eu THE LABOR IMMIGRATION CONTROL

In this paper we propose a dynamic model of controlled labor immigration. The model can be used as a framework to study the economic impacts of immigration for host countries. The system’s trajectories are analyzed for different parameter values. A control problem formalization is given. Existence of optimal immigration quota is proved. AMS Subject Classification: 93C15
IMPACT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES ON NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS AND ADVANCED FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of T2DM on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced fibrosis. Methods: A total of 221NAFLD patients who had undergone a liver biopsy were included in this study. Subjects were divided into a non-T2DM group and a T2DM group based on glycemic control. NASH was diagnosed by the joint presence of steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation. The steatosis, activity and fibrosis score (SAF) and NAFLD activity score (NAS) were used to evaluate the severity of NAFLD. The severity of liver fibrosis was evaluated based on the fibrosis stage. Results: The total percentagesof NASH and advanced fibrosis in this study were 95.0% and 50.2%, respectively. The percentages of NASH and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients with T2DM were 96.1% and56.5%, respectively, which were higher than those in the non-T2DM group. SAF (especially activity and fibrosis stage) and NAS (especially ballooning) were higher in NAFLD patients with T2DM than in NAFLD patients without T2DM. Glycemic control and insulin resistance were positively associated with SAF, NAS, and fibrosis stage. Additionally, T2DM elevated the risk of a high NAS and advanced fibrosis. Conclusion: T2DM increases the risk of serious NASH and advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Liver biopsy can be performed in NAFLD patients with T2DM to confirm the stage of NAFLD. Screening of NASH and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients with T2DM is needed.
Simulating the Gene Flow of Genetically Modified Maize in Taiwan

A field experiment was conducted in Taiwan to measure the cross-pollination (CP) rate of maize pollen recipients from pollen sources using phenotypic marker and to determine the isolation dis- tance between the 2 maize varieties. A waxy variety (Black Pearl) with purple kernels simulated the genetically modified (GM) pollen donor, and another waxy variety (White Pearl) with white kernels simulated the non-GM recipient. For the first crop, the total area was approximately1.5 hawith a pollen source and recipient acreage ratio of approximately 1:32. For the second crop, the total area was approximately1.83 hawith a ratio of approximately 1:17.3. The source fields were surrounded by the recipient fields for 2 crop seasons. The results showed that the rate of CP was <0.05% beyond15 mupwind and84.8 mdownwind in all crop seasons. The CP rate was below 5% at a distance of10min the downwind direction. A sample with 0.24% CP was recorded at107.3 mdownwind; however, the CP rate was 0% at68 mupwind. Three empirical models were used, that is, exponential, log/log and log/log, and a simplified Gaussian Plume model, to examine the relationship between the CP rates and the source-field distances. All of the models were appropriate for predicting CP rates, and the Gaussian Plume model performed better compared to the empirical models. The results show that it is possible to control CP from foreign pollen by using an appropriate isolation distance.
Executive and Daily Life Functioning Influence the Relationship Between ADHD and Mood Symptoms in University Students

Objectives: Many studies have indicated a close relationship between ADHD and mood symptoms in university students. In the present study, we explore the role of daily functional impairments and executive functioning in the ADHD–mood relationship. Method: A total of 343 adults (126 males) filled out (a) the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale, (b) the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, (c) the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale, and (d) the Executive Function Index Scale. Results: The correlation between mood symptoms and ADHD was . 48 (moderate correlation) and dropped to . 15 (weak correlation) when controlling for functional problems and executive functioning. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that both functional impairments and executive functioning significantly explained 42% to 53% of the variance of mood symptoms. The addition of ADHD symptoms to the model slightly increased the explained mood variance by only 1%. Conclusion: These findings underline the role of experienced difficulties in triggering mood symptoms in ADHD symptomatology.
Inducible epithelial resistance against acute Sendai virus infection prevents chronic asthma‐like lung disease in mice

Respiratory viral infections play central roles in the initiation, exacerbation and progression of asthma in humans. An acute paramyxoviral infection in mice can cause a chronic lung disease that resembles human asthma. We sought to determine whether reduction of Sendai virus lung burden in mice by stimulating innate immunity with aerosolized Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists could attenuate the severity of chronic asthma‐like lung disease.
Early Evolution of the Eukaryotic Ca 2 + Signaling Machinery : Conservation of the CatSper Channel Complex Xinjiang

Calcium signaling is one of the most extensively employed signal transduction mechanisms in life. As life evolved into increasingly complex organisms, Ca acquired more extensive and varied functions. Here, we compare genes encoding proteins that govern Ca entry and exit across cells or organelles within organisms of early eukaryotic evolution into fungi, plants, and animals. Recent phylogenomics analyses reveal a complex Ca signaling machinery in the apusozoan protist Thecamonas trahens, a putative unicellular progenitor of Opisthokonta. We compare T. trahens Ca signaling to that in a marine bikont protist, Aurantiochytrium limacinum, and demonstrate the conservation of key Ca signaling molecules in the basally diverging alga Cyanophora paradoxa. Particularly, our findings reveal the conservation of the CatSper channel complex in Au. limacinum and C. paradoxa, suggesting that the CatSper complex likely originated from an ancestral Ca signaling machinery at the root of early eukaryotic evolution prior to the unikont/bikont split.
Game Design Principles Influencing Stroke Survivor Engagement for VR-Based Upper Limb Rehabilitation: A User Experience Case Study

Engagement with one's rehabilitation is crucial for stroke survivors. Serious games utilising desktop Virtual Reality could be used in rehabilitation to increase stroke survivors' engagement. This paper discusses the results of a user experience case study that was conducted with six stroke survivors to determine which game design principles are or would be important for engaging them with a desktop VR serious games designed for the upper limb rehabilitation. The results of our study showed the game design principles that warrant further investigation are awareness, feedback, interactivity, flow and challenge; and also important to a great extent are attention, involvement, motivation, effort, clear instructions, usability, interest, psychological absorption, purpose and a first-person view.
Last Century Warming Over the Canadian Atlantic Shelves Linked to Weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the global climate system. Recent studies suggested a twentieth‐century weakening of the AMOC of unprecedented amplitude (~15%) over the last millennium. Here we present a record of δ18O in benthic foraminifera from sediment cores retrieved from the Laurentian Channel and demonstrate that the δ18O trend is linked to the strength of the AMOC. In this 100‐year record, the AMOC signal decreased steadily to reach its minimum value in the late 1970s, where the weakest AMOC signal then remains constant until 2000. We also present a longer δ18O record of 1,500 years and highlight the uniqueness of the last century δ18O trend. Moreover, the Little Ice Age period is characterized by statistically heavier δ18O, suggesting a relatively weak AMOC. Implications for understanding the mechanisms driving the intensity of AMOC under global warming and high‐latitude freshwater input are discussed.
A multiscale finite element model of a stress fracture

Stress fractures are problematic type of fractures as they are prone to delayed and nonunions. In order to achieve healing and restore the bones mechanical aspects, invasive treatments such as attaching plates, nails and screws are sometimes needed to stabilize the bone and facilitate healing. These surgical treatments often cause discomfort and pain to the patient. Therefore different options need to be considered, in order to reach better result. The purpose of this study is to improve understanding of why stress fractures do not heal during daily activity, through the use of a multiscale finite element model. The presented study is also the first to use finite element modelling and analyses of the stress and strain concentration in a patient with atypical fracture at the femur. With the use of clinical CTand μCT images, finite element models of the whole femur and the stress fracture were established. The contact force generated by different daily activities is applied at the conjunction of the hip and the femoral head. An inhomogeneous isotropic material model with poroelastic features is implemented, where the Young’s modulus is based on a set of densitometric relations. The displacements of the organ model at the location of the boarder of the micro model is registered and then applied to the micro model. A comparative study of the stresses, principal strains, octahedral shear strains and fluid velocities both preand post-surgery is done. These parameters are of significant matter as they describe the deformation of the tissue and may provide some insight into the tissue differentiation. The predicted stress and strain state in the granulation tissue of the micro model and post-surgery organ model is studied and compared with different tissue differentiation theories. The results indicate that the stress and strain concentration within the bony material of the micro model correlated well with the presurgery organ model. Each studied load case, representing normal activity, predicted that certain areas of the crack are under the influence of high values of principal strain in tension, octahedral shear strains and fluid velocities. They are of such magnitude that the soft tissue undergo large deformation, which describes the stress fractures poor ability to heal. The predicted values of the principal strain, octahedral strain and fluid velocity between the studied activities were almost equally large, this suggest that there is no specific type of activity that is more strenuous on the crack.
A Numerical Study on Electrical Percolation of Polymer-Matrix Composites with Hybrid Fillers of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Black

The electrical percolation of polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) containing hybrid fillers of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) is estimated by studying the connection possibility of the fillers using Monte Carlo simulation. The 3D simulation model of CB-CNT hybrid filler is established, in which CNTs are modeled by slender capped cylinders and CB groups are modeled by hypothetical spheres with interspaces because CB particles are always agglomerated. The observation on the effects of CB and CNT volume fractions and dimensions on the electrical percolation threshold of hybrid filled composites is then carried out. It is found that the composite electrical percolation threshold can be reduced by increasing CNT aspect ratio, as well as increasing the diameter ratio of CB groups to CNTs. And adding CB into CNT composites can decrease the CNT volume needed to convert the composite conductivity, especially when the CNT volume fraction is close to the threshold of PMCs with only CNT filler. Different from previous linear assumption, the nonlinear relation between CB and CNT volume fractions at composite percolation threshold is revealed, which is consistent with the synergistic effect observed in experiments. Based on the nonlinear relation, the estimating equation for the electrical percolation threshold of the PMCs containing CB-CNT hybrid fillers is established.
How Do Sports Medicine and Foot and Ankle Specialists Treat Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures?

Background. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment considerations and surgical techniques utilized by fellowship-trained orthopaedic sports medicine and foot and ankle specialists in the management of Achilles tendon ruptures. Methods. A blinded electronic survey was distributed to 2062 fellowship-trained sports medicine and 1319 fellowship-trained foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons. The total number of acute Achilles tendon ruptures managed per year, patient-specific factors associated with surgical decision making and surgical techniques were evaluated. Results. Of the 3381 surveys distributed, 524 responses were included for analysis. Only 9% of respondents manage more than 20 acute Achilles tendon ruptures per year with the majority (75%) managing less than 10 per year. Operative management is the treatment of choice for 76% of total respondents with only 8% managing acute ruptures nonoperatively. Activity level and patient age were the single most important factors for 60.8% and 29.3% of surgeons, respectively, with regard to operative versus nonoperative decision making. Socioeconomic status and workers compensation were the least important patient factors. Conclusion. Surgical repair in the young and active patient is the preferred treatment for the majority of fellowship-trained subspecialists who most commonly encounter this pathology. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level V: Consensus of Expert Analysis
Perceived benefits and drawbacks of massed prolonged exposure: A qualitative thematic analysis of reactions from treatment completers.

OBJECTIVE Advocates of massed prolonged exposure (PE) argue an intensive approach may address between-session distraction, avoidance, and demotivation that can result in dropout or interference with treatment engagement. Despite growing empirical support for the efficacy and effectiveness of massed PE, little evidence suggests massed PE matches patient preferences. Further, program evaluation efforts have not assessed unforeseen or underestimated benefits and drawbacks of massed PE. The current study is the first known study to assess patient reactions to massed PE. METHOD Participants were 25 military veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder who were accepted into a 2-week massed PE program. After the final session, participants completed a written survey using open-ended questions regarding their perceived benefits and drawbacks of massing the full PE protocol into 2 weeks. After demonstrating interrater reliability, coders used a thematic analysis approach to identify themes and subthemes in the qualitative data. RESULTS Overall, participant reactions were much more positive (51.27%) than negative (17.77%). Participants identified benefits that are largely consistent with the justification for massed PE: (a) The structure limits distractions and avoidance, and (b) quick gains enhance motivation and engagement. With respect to drawbacks, participants identified that massed PE causes short-term discomfort and is demanding in terms of effort and time, which is also consistent with clinical theory of PE and justification for massed delivery. CONCLUSIONS Participant reactions correspond to the rationale for massed PE; that is, participants identified that despite short-term discomfort and demands, they tend to like and benefit from the intensity of massed PE. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).