Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shengui Sansheng San Ameliorates Cerebral Energy Deficiency via Citrate Cycle After Ischemic Stroke

Cerebral energy deficiency is a key pathophysiologic cascade that results in neuronal injury and necrosis after ischemic stroke. Shengui Sansheng San (SSS) has been used to treat stroke for more than 300 years. In present study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of SSS extraction on cerebral energy deficiency post-stroke. In permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo) model of rats, it suggested that SSS extraction in dose-dependent manner improved neurological function, cerebral blood flow (CBF), 18F-2-deoxy-glucose uptake and the density and diameter of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive vasculature in ipsilateral area, as well as decreased infarcted volume. Meanwhile, the metabolomics study in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed by using 5-(diisopropylamino)amylamine (DIAAA) derivatization-UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS approach. Eighty-eight endogenous metabolites were identified, and mainly involved in citrate cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, amino acids metabolism and biosynthesis, etc. The remarkable increase of citrate in CSF after treatment with three dosages indicated that the therapeutic mechanism of SSS extraction might be related with citrate cycle. Simultaneously, it showed that high dosage group significantly increased peripheral blood glucose level, the expressions of glucose transporter (GLUT) 1, GLUT3, and monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (MCT1), which contributed to the transportation of glucose and lactate. By the regulations of phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha (p-PDHA1), acetyl CoA synthetase and citrate synthetase (CS), the levels of citrate and its upstream molecules (pyruvate and acetyl CoA) in peri-infarction zone further enhanced, which ultimately caused the massive yield of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Our study first demonstrated that SSS extraction could ameliorate cerebral energy deficiency after ischemia by citrate cycle, which is characterized by the enhancements of glucose supply, transportation, utilization, and metabolism.
Boosting voltage generation in dual-chambers microbial fuel cells through multi-parametric optimization of effects of selected factors using Box Behnken design

Low electricity output of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has continued to limit their large-scale applications, as bioenergy sources. Thus effects of surface area of anode (0.005 to 0.015 m2), surface area of cathode (0.005 to 0.015 m2) and volume of substrate in anode chamber (750 to 1500 ml), on MFCs voltage output, were optimized. Replicated Box Behnken Design (Minitab) gave 30 runs. After 25 days operation, average voltage generated by MFCs ranged from 7.76±0.28 mV to 34.32±3.2 mV, across 10 kΩ. Response Optimizer (Minitab) indicated 0.011 m2 as optimal surface area of anode, 0.015 m2 for cathode and 1500 mL for volume of substrate in anode chamber, with estimated maximum voltage of 41.83 mV, when used. This gives 1:1.3:136,363 ratio for surface area of anode, surface area of cathode and volume of substrate in anode, which could be useful in scaling up the device. On application of these optima, highest and lowest average voltages of 54.5±3.2 mV and 20.1±2.7 mV were generated. This maximum voltage was 30.3% higher than the estimate by Response Optimizer, and 58.8% higher than the highest average voltage recorded without optimization. Again, the lowest average voltage (20.13±2.7 mV) obtained after optimization was 159.4% higher than the lowest voltage (7.76±0.28 mV) recorded without optimization. BOD of piggery wastewater, used as substrate, reduced by 18.9%, while COD declined by 31.4%. Diverse Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates were identified in the wastewater. Therefore, Box Behnken design is useful optimization of factors, to boost the output of MFCs.
The significance of biomarkers of inflammation in predicting the activity of Lupus nephritis

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There are increased studies examining the role of different markers that would facilitate diagnosis, LN activity monitoring, relapse occurrence, and the right time to introduce maintenance therapy. We aimed to examine the importance of determining the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immuneinflammatory index (SII) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) in LN, comparing their significance with other standard parameters of active disease. Methods The clinical examination included 66 patients (34 with active and 32 with LN in remission) and 23 healthy controls. The investigated parameters were CRP, CBC, creatinine, albumin, GFR, C3, C4, ANA, anti-ds DNA Ab, in urine: sediment analysis, SLEDAI/r, proteinuria 24h and Up/cre. We determined the derived markers: NLR, PLR, SIRI, and SII and their correlation with other parameters of active disease.
Application of microwave radiometry to improving climate data records.

Microwave radiometers deployed by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program (Stokes and Schwartz 1994) provide crucial data for a wide range of research applications. The accuracy and stability of these instruments also make them ideal for improving climate data records: to detect and correct discontinuities in the long-term climate records, to validate and calibrate the climate data, to characterize errors in the climate records, and to plan for the future Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) reference upper-air network. This paper presents an overview of these capabilities, with examples from ARM data. Two-channel microwave radiometers (MWRs) operating at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz (Liljegren 1994) are deployed at each of 11 ARM Climate Research Facility (ACRF) field sites in the U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP), Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), and North Slope of Alaska (NSA), and at the ARM Mobile Facility in Niamey, Niger, for obtaining precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) data. At these locations, PWV ranges from as low as 1 mm (1 kg/m) at the NSA to 70 mm or more in the TWP; LWP can exceed 2 mm at many sites. The MWR accommodates this wide dynamic range for all nonprecipitating conditions with a root-mean-square error of about 0.4 mm for PWV and 0.02 mm (20 g/m) for LWP. The calibration of the MWR is continuously and autonomously monitored and updated to maintain accuracy (Liljegren 2000). Site-specific linear statistical retrievals for PWV and LWP are used operationally (Westwater 1993); more sophisticated site-independent retrievals are applied during post-processing of the data (Liljegren et al. 2001). These retrievals use the monoRTM microwave radiation transfer model monoRTM (Boukabara et al. 1999; Clough et al. 2004) and current spectroscopic parameters (Rothman et al. 2005; Liljegren et al. 2005).
Automatic planning in cognitive training: application to multiple sclerosis

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the second-most common cause of neurological disability among young adults. Cognitive impairment, which typically worsens over time, is a major symptom of MS. Signs of cognitive impairment can be observed in many cognitive domains, often including executive-function disorders. Planning is one of the main skills related to executive functions and is fundamental for many cognitive and motor tasks. Brain games, initially available in paper-and-pen format, have been designed to improve planning abilities. Current computerized cognitive training tools also include this kind of exercises; however, they have several limitations, which can be addressed exploiting automated planning. This solution enables advanced forms of human-computer interaction, but poses several design challenges. We tested the usability of two cognitive training exercises for executive functions based on automated planning, which include various features and interaction mechanisms. We present the results of a multidomain cognitive training addressed to individuals affected by MS, including the exercise that performed better in the test. The aim of this study is to clarify design issues concerning executive-function exercises based on automated planning, showing that they can be used in a multidomain cognitive training by participants affected by MS.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of GPS as a Method of Locating Traffic Collisions

The objectives of this study were to determine the accuracy of Global Positioning System (GPS) units as a traffic crash location tool, evaluate the accuracy of the location data obtained using the GPS units, and determine the largest sources of any errors found. The analysis showed that the currently used GPS unit is capable of obtaining accurate latitude and longitude data at a crash site that would allow the site to be properly located. However, substantial differences were found between the location of some crashes as identified with the GPS and milepoint (CRMP) data. Of a sample of 100 random crashes, 55% were found to have an accurate GPS reading and 58% were found to have an accurate CRMP location. There was a large range in the difference between the GPS and CRMP data by county and police agency. This shows both the accuracy that can be obtained with proper training and use as well as the lack of proper training and/or use of the GPS units at some jurisdictions. The source of errors found for the GPS data was related to the operator rather than the equipment or environment. The actions necessary to significantly improve the accuracy of the GPS data are manageable and relate to training, proper use of the GPS unit, care when placing the GPS data onto the crash report, and a minor modification to the crash report. The source of errors related to the CRMP data primarily dealt with improper interpretation of the milepoint log, inaccurate use of the available mileposts and lack of knowledge of current data available. A few edits of the crash data could be used which would significantly improve the accuracy of both the GPS and CRMP data. Recommendations were made to improve the accuracy of both GPS and CRMP data. These included additions to the GPS procedure pamphlet, a minor modification to the crash report, additional training in the use of the GPS unit, providing up-to-date milepoint logbooks, and using an edit which checks the accuracy of the GPS and CRMP data.
Latinos and Outdoor Recreation

The research reported here includes a number of studies conducted in southern California. It was aimed at better understanding the recreation needs and desires of Latino populations. Generally, the findings indicate that Latinos have many of the same recreation needs as other groups, such as places to recreate and reasonable accommodations. But it also indicates they have some unique preferences.
The effect of problem solving approach to mathematics problem solving ability in fifth grade

This study is an experimental research that aims to determine the effect of Problem solving approach to solving mathematical problems in fifth grade. The population in this study is all students of class V SD Islam Athirah Bukit Baruga academic year Makassar 2014/2015 consisting of four classes. The sample of research is two classes, namely experimental class and control class. Each class consists of 26 students. Both classes were obtained by purposive sampling technique. To obtain the required data, the study was conducted in both sample classes. A technique of data collecting was done by observation and test. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques. The results obtained from the descriptive statistical analysis are: (1) The ability to solve the problem of mathematics of students who were taught by using Problem solving approach is in qualification capable with the average value of 74.7 and the standard deviation of 21.6; (2) Ability to solve math problems of students who are taught without using Problem solving approach in qualification less able with average score 55,7 and standard deviation 16,2. From the results of inferential statistical analysis obtained that ability to solve the problem of mathematics students who are taught by using Problem solving approach is better than who taught mathematics without using Problem solving approach. From the results of this study can be concluded that the application of Problem solving approach in learning mathematics affects the ability to solve mathematical problems.
DYT-TOR1A dystonia: an update on pathogenesis and treatment

DYT-TOR1A dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and abnormal movements. It is a severe genetic form of dystonia caused by mutations in the TOR1A gene. TorsinA is a member of the AAA + family of adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) involved in a variety of cellular functions, including protein folding, lipid metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, and nucleocytoskeletal coupling. Almost all patients with TOR1A-related dystonia harbor the same mutation, an in-frame GAG deletion (ΔGAG) in the last of its 5 exons. This recurrent variant results in the deletion of one of two tandem glutamic acid residues (i.e., E302/303) in a protein named torsinA [torsinA(△E)]. Although the mutation is hereditary, not all carriers will develop DYT-TOR1A dystonia, indicating the involvement of other factors in the disease process. The current understanding of the pathophysiology of DYT-TOR1A dystonia involves multiple factors, including abnormal protein folding, signaling between neurons and glial cells, and dysfunction of the protein quality control system. As there are currently no curative treatments for DYT-TOR1A dystonia, progress in research provides insight into its pathogenesis, leading to potential therapeutic and preventative strategies. This review summarizes the latest research advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of DYT-TOR1A dystonia.
Comparison of Early and Long-Term Mortality in Patients With Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The aim of this study was to compare early and long-term mortality in patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (EF) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Two investigators independently conducted a systematic and comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus from inception to July 15, 2023, using the search terms "reduced ejection fraction," "preserved ejection fraction," "coronary artery bypass surgery," and "mortality. " Boolean operators (AND, OR) were used with medical subject heading (MeSH) terms to refine the search. The reference lists of all included articles were manually searched to identify potentially relevant studies. We restricted our search to studies published in the English language. The outcomes assessed in this meta-analysis included short-term mortality (including in-hospital and 30-day mortality) and long-term mortality. A total of five studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sample size is 94,399 participants. Pooled analysis showed that the risk of early mortality was significantly higher in patients with reduced EF compared to patients with preserved EF (risk ratio, RR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.50 to 3.06). The pooled analysis also reported that late mortality was significantly higher in patients with reduced EF compared to patients with preserved EF (RR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.08). The pooled analysis of studies demonstrated a significantly higher rate of both early and late mortality in patients with reduced EF, emphasizing the importance of EF assessment in risk stratification for CABG patients.
Low transmission risk of African swine fever virus between wild boar infected by an attenuated isolate and susceptible domestic pigs

African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal infectious disease that affects domestic and wild pigs. This complex virus has already affected five continents and more than 70 countries and is considered to be the main threat to the global swine industry. The disease can potentially be transmitted directly through contact with infectious animals, or indirectly by means of contaminated feed or environments. Nevertheless, the knowledge regarding the transmission patterns of different ASF virus isolates at the wildlife-livestock interface is still limited. We have, therefore, assessed the potential transmission of an attenuated ASF virus isolate between infectious wild boar and directly exposed domestic pig. We registered 3,369 interspecific interactions between animals, which were brief and mostly initiated by wild boar. The major patterns observed during the study were head-to-head contact owing to sniffing, thus suggesting a high probability of pathogen transmission. However, only one of the five domestic pigs had a short period of viremia and became serologically positive for ASF virus antibodies. It was additionally discovered that the wild boar did not transmit the virulent virus isolate to the domestic pigs, which suggests that the presence of attenuated ASF virus isolates in affected areas may control the spreading of other more virulent isolates. These outcomes may help make decisions related to large-scale targeted management actions against ASF in field conditions.
Petrogenesis of the Hoy lava field, a long-lived continental mafic volcanic province in eastern Australia

Abstract Small-scale continental basaltic fields can erupt with little warning and bring deep undegassed magmas to the surface rapidly. To explore the lifetime, petrogenesis and plumbing system architecture feeding such basaltic lava fields and compare them with large-scale shield volcanoes, we have focused on the Hoy lava field, central Queensland, Australia. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, elemental and isotopic whole-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry on selected Hoy samples reveal long-lived volcanism of ca 50 Ma and magma storage at mantle depths, notably different from the comparatively short duration (3–5 Myr) and crustal magma storage depths of shield volcanoes. In this study, four Hoy lava-field eruptive intervals spanning ca 50 Ma were investigated: 67.5 ± 0.3 Ma, 32.3 ± 0.6–31.6 ± 0.7 Ma, 21.9 ± 0.5 Ma and 18.1 ± 0.3 Ma. In all four eruptive events, samples are porphyritic alkali basalts and trachybasalts (11.41–6.45 wt% MgO) with incompatible element concentrations and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios dominantly derived from a metasomatised sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source with an enriched mantle I (EMI) signature. Complex crystal populations show major- and trace-element variations reflecting fractional crystallisation, magma recharge, magma mixing and mantle xenocryst entrainment. Clinopyroxene–melt thermobarometry indicates magma storage in SCLM reservoirs at ∼30–47 km depths. The nearby larger but shorter-lived (3–5 Myr) Buckland central volcano has similar source compositions; however, magma storage is limited and concentrated in the crust, resulting in increased crustal contamination. The results suggest that basaltic centres of contrasting scale and longevity are linked to distinct magma production mechanisms, fluxes, ascent and differentiation. KEY POINTS The Hoy lava field erupted for over 50 Ma, with at least four eruptive periods. The Hoy magmas are all derived from the same source: SCLM with an EMI signature. Hoy lavas have a complex history of magma recharge, magma mixing, fractionation and xenocryst entrainment at mantle depths (30–47 km). Hoy lavas experienced deeper storage, limited contamination and faster ascent than the nearby Buckland central volcano.
JADEITE JADE FROM SOUTH SULAWESI IN INDONESIA AND ITS GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Jade is considered as precious rock or gemstone. Jadeite jade is abundant in high-pressure metamorphic rock of garnet-jadeite-quartz rock, which found in Bantimala Compex of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This contribution presents petrography, mineral chemistry, and metamorphic evolution of the garnet-jadeite-quartz rock from the South Sulawesi in Indonesia. The garnet-jadeite-quartz rock mainly consists of jadeite, garnet, quartz, phengite, epidote, with subordinate amounts of glaucophane and rutile. Large mass of fine-grained epidote, phengite, albite, with or without garnet occurs sporadically and visible to identified with naked eye, which probably pseudomorph after lawsonite. Allanite is abundant, occupies in the core of epidote grains. The allanite is also considered one of rare-earth elements-bearing mineral. Hence, rare-earth elements pattern of this rock gives highest value among other high-pressure metamorphic rocks from the same area. During metamorphism, the garnet-jadeite-quartz rock was experience in the phengite + jadeite + lawsonite + katophorite / winchite + quartz stability field at prograde stage. NCKFASHO pseudosection analysis and garnet-phengite thermometry suggest this rock has experience peak P-T condition at 2.2&ndash
Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon From 1994 to 2014

The oceanic uptake and resulting storage of the anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) that humans have emitted into the atmosphere moderates climate change. Yet our knowledge about how this uptake and storage has progressed in time remained limited. Here, we determine decadal trends in the storage of Cant by applying the eMLR(C*) regression method to ocean interior observations collected repeatedly since the 1990s. We find that the global ocean storage of Cant grew from 1994 to 2004 by 29 ± 3 Pg C dec−1 and from 2004 to 2014 by 27 ± 3 Pg C dec−1 (±1σ). The storage change in the second decade is about 15 ± 11% lower than one would expect from the first decade and assuming proportional increase with atmospheric CO2. We attribute this reduction in sensitivity to a decrease of the ocean buffer capacity and changes in ocean circulation. In the Atlantic Ocean, the maximum storage rate shifted from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere, plausibly caused by a weaker formation rate of North Atlantic Deep Waters and an intensified ventilation of mode and intermediate waters in the Southern Hemisphere. Our estimates of the Cant accumulation differ from cumulative net air‐sea flux estimates by several Pg C dec−1, suggesting a substantial and variable, but uncertain net loss of natural carbon from the ocean. Our findings indicate a considerable vulnerability of the ocean carbon sink to climate variability and change.
Effects of In Vitro Digestion of Polyphenols from Coffee on Binding Parameters to Human Topoisomerase II α

Type II topoisomerase (TOPII) is an enzyme that influences the topology of DNA. DNA breaks generated by TOPII may result in mutagenic or cytotoxic changes in cancer cells. In this study, we characterized interactions of TOPIIα with coffee extracts and individual chlorogenic acids (CHAs) from the extracts by performing isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and molecular docking (MD) simulations. The study showed that the highest affinity to TOPIIα was found in green coffee (ΔG = −38.23 kJ/mol) and monochlorogenic acids fraction of coffee extracts (ΔG = −35.80 kJ/mol), resulting from the high content of polyphenols, such as CHAs, which can bind to the enzyme in the active site. Coffee extracts and their fractions maintained a high affinity for TOPIIα after simulated digestion in the presence of probiotic bacteria. It can be concluded that coffee may be a potential TOPIIα inhibitor considered as a functional food for cancer prevention.