Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
the influence of governance structure on sustainability Disclosure: empirical eviDence from feDeral statutory boDies

The federal statutory bodies which were established to support and deliver the Federal Government objectives have the responsibility to ensure that their policies and activities are aligned with that of the government sustainable development agenda. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of board characteristics, namely the board size, women directors on board, and board designation on sustainability information disclosure by the federal statutory bodies in Malaysia. The release of sustainability information by federal statutory bodies provides an indication of their commitment towards sustainability issues. A sustainability disclosure index was used to examine 112 Malaysian federal statutory bodies’ websites for the year 2015. The agency theory was used to explain the relationships of the variables in this study. The overall results from the study revealed that the extent of sustainability information disclosed by Malaysian federal statutory bodies was still low. The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that board designation had a significant positive influence on the disclosure of sustainability information by federal statutory bodies in Malaysia, suggesting that influential and reputable board members can put pressure on the management of federal statutory bodies to reveal their sustainability information to the public.
The Mediating Effect of the Managerial Ownership towards the Influence of the Board of Directors on the Firm Performance among Jordanian Public Shareholders Companies

Prior studies that dealt with corporate governance mechanisms have witnessed high significant that created some new trends. This study aims to be engaged in such trends through investigating the relationship between the board of directors as one of the corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance with the presence of managerial ownership as a mediating variable in Jordan as one of developing countries. This study used the panel data method to analyze data for a sample of 180 companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the period from 2009 to 2017. Three board of directors dimensions are employed, which are: board size, board independence, and CEO duality, and mediating variable is managerial ownership. The current study used Tobin’s Q to assess firm performance. Meanwhile, the current study provides evidence that the mediating of managerial ownership has a significant negatively on the association between mechanisms of the board of directors, which are board size, board independence, and CEO duality with firm performance measured by (TQ). The findings of this study confirm empirical research continuing to find a new performance measurement to gain a real form of firm performance. Therefore, the evidence of this study provides empirical evidence to stakeholders, managers and interested parties to support them for its decision. Keyword: Corporate Governance, Board of Directors, Firm’s performance, Managerial Ownership.
Turkic genitive case and agreement asymmetries

Baker and Vinokurova (2010) (B&V) and Baker (2015) present a two-modality approach to case assignment, in which different cases may be assigned in one of two ways: either configurationally, as in Marantz (1991), where case is assigned depending on its location and its relationship with other nominals in its domain, or assigned via agreement with functional heads, as in Chomsky (2000). In particular, they argue that the agreement of nominative and genitive case cannot be assigned configurationally based on agreement patterns in Sakha, a Turkic language. They argue that genitive case assignment is parasitic on nominal agreement in Turkish and Sakha. In the spirit of Levin and Preminger (2015), I argue that positing just one modality–Marantz (1991)’s approach to case assignment–is enough to account for Turkic. Levin & Preminger provide purely theoretical arguments in favor of their conclusion. In this paper, I provide four empirical arguments–which are asymmetries between genitive case assignment and nominal agreement–two of which are novel, for genitive case being assigned as an unmarked case not just in Sakha, but other Turkic languages as well. The two other observations which are not novel have not yet been used as arguments in favor of the configurational theory of case. The first asymmetry I will present is based on the existence of the so-called possessive-free genitives (PFG) in Turkish, in which the head noun in a simple possessive structure (PS) such as ‘my cat’ lacks the possessive suffix, and therefore has no (at least overt) agreement, as seen in (1) below. As Öztürk and Taylan (2015) point out, this is not merely optional dropping of the possessive suffix; the PFG in (1b) is better analyzed as an adjunct rather than an argument:
Gallbladder diseases in pregnancy: Sonographic findings in an indigenous African population

Abstract Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gallbladder disease in gravid Nigerian women and to elucidate any association with gravidity and ABO blood group. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of six hundred and fifty-six (656) pregnant women recruited from March 2015 to March 2016. Hemoglobin genotype and blood group were recorded and a sonographic examination was performed using Siemens ultrasound scanner. Statistical analysis was done using STATA software for Windows. Results: Age had a significant association with the occurrence of gallbladder diseases (Likelihood ratio = 7.116, P = 0.03). Two (0.3%) pregnant women had biliary sludge, 11 (1.7%) had gallstones while 643 (98%) had normal gallbladders. Also, only one (9.1%) primigravida woman with gallstone was found in this study while 10 (90.9%) of the women with gallstones were multigravida. All the pregnant women who had gallstone(s) had blood group O. Of the two women with biliary sludge; one had blood group A while the other had blood group O. Conclusions: The incidence of gallbladder disease increased with age in this study. There was a higher prevalence of gallstones than sludge in pregnancy. Also, the incidence of gallstones increased with the number of pregnancies among the women with gallstones. Attention should be paid to the gallbladder during abdominal sonography in pregnancy.
A New Approach to Fertility Regulation by Interfering with Neuroendocrine Pathways1

Recent findings that may lend themselves to the development of an alternative method of neurohormonal fertility regulation are discussed particularly the mechanism whereby the endocrine functions of the ovary and adenohypophysis are integrated. Anatomically the tanycyte ependyma of the hypothalamic 3rd ventricle and other cells of the same region that show cytoplasmic granules reflective of the reproductive-hormonal status may be directly involved in regulation of pituitary gonadotropins. The habenular ependyma has also been implicated along with the pineal which may be a 2nd site of pituitary-gonadal integration. Physiologically a study in rhesus monkeys has found the uptaker of steroids into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to be more complete when thy are administred intranasally rather than intravenously. If the CSF serves as a humoral pathway to the different regions of the brain and if it s more accessible via the intranasal route these facts sould lead to fertility control at the ventricular level of the brain.
Unpacking Skill Bias: Automation and New Tasks

We extend the canonical model of skill-biased technical change by modeling the allocation of tasks to factors and allowing for automation and the creation of new tasks. In our model, factor prices depend on the set of tasks they perform. Automation can reduce real wages and generate sizable changes in inequality associated with small productivity gains. New tasks can increase or reduce inequality depending on whether they are performed by skilled or unskilled workers. Industry-level data suggest that automation significantly contributed to the rising skill premium, while new tasks reduced inequality in the past but have contributed to inequality recently.
FIRST , IT OR PRODUCTIVITY ? A VIRTUOUS CYCLE OF INVESTMENT AND USE IN ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS

While a number of studies have found that IT intensive firms are more productive, a critical question remains: Does IT cause productivity or are productive firms simply willing to spend more on IT? We address this question by examining the productivity and performance effects of enterprise systems investments in a sample of 698 large public U.S. firms over eight years. The data represent the entire universe of U.S. customers of a large vendor from 1998 to 2005 and include the vendor’s three main suites of enterprise systems: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM), and Customer Relationship Management (CRM). A particular benefit of our data is that it distinguishes the purchase of enterprise systems from their installation and use. Because enterprise systems often take years to implement, the performance of firms at the time of purchase is often quite different from their performance after the systems “golive. ” In our ERP data, we find that purchase events are uncorrelated with performance while golive events are positively correlated. This indicates that the use of ERP systems actually causes performance gains rather than strong performance predicting the purchase of ERP. In our SCM and CRM data, performance is correlated with both purchase and go-live events. Because SCM and CRM can only be installed after ERP, these results imply that those firms that experience performance gains from ERP adoption go on to purchase SCM and CRM. Our results are robust to several alternative explanations and specifications and together suggest that a causal relationship between ERP and performance triggers additional IT adoption in firms that derive value from the initial investment. These results provide an explanation of simultaneity in IT value research that fits with rational economic theory: As firms that successfully implement IT (and complementary intangible investments) see greater marginal benefits to additional IT investments, they react by investing in more IT. Our work suggests replacing “either-or” views of causality with a positive feedback loop conceptualization in which successful IT investments initiate a “virtuous cycle” of additional investment and additional gain. Our work also reveals other important estimation issues that can help researchers identify relationships between IT and business value in future research.
A deep network for sinogram and CT image reconstruction

A CT image can be well reconstructed when the sampling rate of the sinogram satisfies the Nyquist criteria and the sampled signal is noise-free. However, in practice, the sinogram is usually contaminated by noise, which degrades the quality of a reconstructed CT image. In this paper, we design a deep network for sinogram and CT image reconstruction. The network consists of two cascaded blocks that are linked by a filter backprojection (FBP) layer, where the former block is responsible for denoising and completing the sinograms while the latter is used to removing the noise and artifacts of the CT images. Experimental results show that the reconstructed CT images by our methods have the highest PSNR and SSIM in average compared to state of the art methods.
Late initiation of antenatal care and its determinants: a hospital based cross-sectional study -

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is important for both maternal and fetal health. Pregnant women with late initiation of ANC are more likely to attain poor outcomes of pregnancy. Little is known about the magnitude of receiving late ANC among pregnant women in Myanmar. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of late initiation of ANC and its determinants among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Pyin-Oo-Lwin General Hospital, Mandalay region during 2014. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Altogether 333 pregnant women were included in the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interview after getting informed consent from the respondents. Results: The prevalence of late initiation of ANC was 56.2% (95% CI: 50.6%, 61.6%). Univariate analysis revealed that residence; education and occupation of pregnant woman, husband’s occupation, gravidity, parity and being planned pregnancy were significantly related to late initiation of ANC. Based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, residence, education of pregnant woman, occupation of husband, parity and being planned pregnancy were identified as significant determinants of receiving late ANC. Conclusions: Late ANC attendance is high in the study area. Hence, it is important to provide health education on the timing of ANC among women with reproductive age. Community’s awareness on importance of receiving early ANC also needs to be promoted. Family planning program (i.e., birth-spacing in Myanmar) should be enhanced to prevent unplanned pregnancies.
A Framework of Robust Transmission Design for IRS-Aided MISO Communications With Imperfect Cascaded Channels

Intelligent reflection surface (IRS) has recently been recognized as a promising technique to enhance the performance of wireless systems due to its ability of reconfiguring the signal propagation environment. However, the perfect channel state information (CSI) is challenging to obtain at the base station (BS) due to the lack of radio frequency (RF) chains at the IRS. Since most of the existing channel estimation methods were developed to acquire the cascaded BS-IRS-user channels, this paper is the first work to study the robust beamforming based on the imperfect cascaded BS-IRS-user channels at the transmitter (CBIUT). Specifically, the transmit power minimization problems are formulated subject to the worst-case rate constraints under the bounded CSI error model, and the rate outage probability constraints under the statistical CSI error model, respectively. After approximating the worst-case rate constraints by using the S-procedure and the rate outage probability constraints by using the Bernstein-type inequality, the reformulated problems can be efficiently solved. Numerical results show that the negative impact of the CBIUT error on the system performance is greater than that of the direct CSI error.
On the origin of GW190425

The LIGO/Virgo collaborations recently announced the detection of a likely binary neutron star merger, GW190425. The total mass of GW190425 is significantly larger than the masses of Galactic double neutron stars known through radio astronomy. This suggests that GW190425 formed differently from Galactic double neutron stars. We hypothesize that GW190425 formed via unstable "case BB" mass transfer. According to this hypothesis, the progenitor of GW190425 was a binary consisting of a neutron star and a ${\sim} 4-5 {M_\odot}$ helium star, which underwent a common-envelope process. Following the supernovae of the helium star core, a tight, eccentric, double neutron star was formed, which merged in ${\lesssim}$ 10 Myr. The helium star progenitor may explain the unusually large mass of GW190425, while the short time to merger may explain why we do not see similar systems in radio. In order to test this hypothesis, we measure the eccentricity of GW190425 using publicly available LIGO/Virgo data. We constrain the eccentricity at 10 Hz to be $e \leq 0.007$ with $90\%$ confidence. This result provides no evidence for or against the unstable mass transfer scenario because the binary is likely to have circularized to $e\lesssim10^{-4}$ by the time it entered the LIGO/Virgo band. Future detectors operating in lower frequency bands will enable us to discern the formation channel of mergers similar to GW190425 using eccentricity measurements.
On the Confidence in Bit-Alias Measurement of Physical Unclonable Functions

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are modern solutions for cheap and secure key storage. The security level strongly depends on a PUF's unpredictability, which is impaired if certain bits of the PUF response tend towards the same value on all devices. The expectation for the probability of 1 at some position in the response, the Bit-Alias, is a state-of-the-art metric in this regard. However, the confidence interval of the Bit-Alias is never considered, which can lead to an overestimation of a PUF's unpredictability. Moreover, no tool is available to verify if the Bit-Alias is within given limits. This work adapts a method for the calculation of confidence intervals to Bit-Alias. It further proposes a statistical hypothesis test to verify if a PUF design meets given specifications on Bit-Alias or bit-wise entropy. Application to several published PUF designs demonstrates the methods' capabilities. The results prove the need for a high number of samples when the unpredictability of PUFs is tested. The proposed methods are publicly available and should improve the design and evaluation of PUFs in the future.
Vacuum energy of the supersymmetric $\mathbb{C}P^{N-1}$ model on $\mathbb{R}\times S^1$ in the $1/N$ expansion

By employing the $1/N$ expansion, we compute the vacuum energy $E(\delta\epsilon)$ of the two-dimensional supersymmetric (SUSY) $\mathbb{C}P^{N-1}$ model on $\mathbb{R}\times S^1$ with $\mathbb{Z}_N$ twisted boundary conditions to the second order in a SUSY-breaking parameter $\delta\epsilon$. This quantity was vigorously studied recently by Fujimori et al. using a semi-classical approximation based on the bion, motivated by a possible semi-classical picture on the infrared renormalon. In our calculation, we find that the parameter $\delta\epsilon$ receives renormalization and, after this renormalization, the vacuum energy becomes ultraviolet finite. To the next-to-leading order of the $1/N$ expansion, we find that the vacuum energy normalized by the radius of the $S^1$, $R$, $RE(\delta\epsilon)$ behaves as inverse powers of $\Lambda R$ for $\Lambda R$ small, where $\Lambda$ is the dynamical scale. Since $\Lambda$ is related to the renormalized ’t Hooft coupling $\lambda_R$ as $\Lambda\sim e^{-2\pi/\lambda_R}$, to the order of the $1/N$ expansion we work out, the vacuum energy is a purely non-perturbative quantity and has no well-defined weak coupling expansion in $\lambda_R$.
Averaging principles for mixed fast-slow systems driven by fractional Brownian motion

We focus on fast-slow systems involving both fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and standard Brownian motion (Bm). The integral with respect to Bm is the standard Ito integral, and the integral with respect to fBm is the generalised Riemann-Stieltjes integral using the tools of fractional calculus. An averaging principle in which the fast-varying diffusion process of the fast-slow systems acts as a noise to be averaged out in the limit is established. It is shown that the slow process has a limit in the mean square sense, which is characterized by the solution of stochastic differential equations driven by fBm whose coefficients are averaged with respect to the stationary measure of the fast-varying diffusion. The implication is that one can ignore the complex original systems and concentrate on the averaged systems instead. This averaging principle paves the way for reduction of computational complexity.
Higher-order topological insulator in a dodecagonal quasicrystal

Higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) are a newly discovered class of topological insulators which exhibit unconventional bulk-boundary correspondence. Very recently, the concept of HOTIs has been extended to aperiodic quasicrystalline systems, where the topological band theory fails to describe topological phases. More importantly, a novel HOTI phase protected by an eightfold rotational symmetry, not found in crystalline materials, was identified in the Ammann-Beenker tiling quasicrystals. Here we report the discovery of a quasicrystalline HOTI in a dodecagonal quasicrystal. The quasicrystalline HOTI supports twelve ingap zero-energy modes symmetrically distributed at the corners of a quasicrystal dodecagon. These zero-energy corner modes are protected by a combination of a twelvefold rotational symmetry and mirror symmetry, as well as particle-hole symmetry, which have no crystalline counterpart.
Deep Learning for Sensor-based Human Activity Recognition

The vast proliferation of sensor devices and Internet of Things enables the applications of sensor-based activity recognition. However, there exist substantial challenges that could influence the performance of the recognition system in practical scenarios. Recently, as deep learning has demonstrated its effectiveness in many areas, plenty of deep methods have been investigated to address the challenges in activity recognition. In this study, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art deep learning methods for sensor-based human activity recognition. We first introduce the multi-modality of the sensory data and provide information for public datasets that can be used for evaluation in different challenge tasks. We then propose a new taxonomy to structure the deep methods by challenges. Challenges and challenge-related deep methods are summarized and analyzed to form an overview of the current research progress. At the end of this work, we discuss the open issues and provide some insights for future directions.
Do model emission line galaxies live in filaments at z ∼ 1?

Current and future cosmological surveys are targeting star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 1$ with nebular emission lines. We use a state-of-the-art semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution to explore the large scale environment of star-forming emission line galaxies (ELGs). Model ELGs are selected such that they can be compared directly with the DEEP2, VVDS, eBOSS-SGC and DESI surveys. The large scale environment of the ELGs is classified using velocity-shear-tensor and tidal-tensor algorithms. Half of the model ELGs live in filaments and about a third in sheets. Model ELGs which reside in knots have the largest satellite fractions. We find that the shape of the mean halo occupation distribution of model ELGs varies widely for different large scale environments. To interpret our results, we also study fixed number density samples of ELGs and galaxies selected using simpler criteria, with single cuts in stellar mass, star formation rate and [OII] luminosity. The fixed number density ELG selection produces samples that are close to L[OII] and SFR selected samples for densities above $10^{-4.2}h^{3}{\rm Mpc}^{-3}$. ELGs with an extra cut in stellar mass applied to fix their number density, present differences in sheets and knots with respect to the other samples. ELGs, SFR and L[OII] selected samples with equal number density have similar large scale bias but their clustering below separations of $1h^{-1}$Mpc is different.