Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation of direct CP violation in the measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle γ with B[superscript ±]→D[superscript (*)]K[superscript (*)±] decays

We report the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa CP -violating angle (cid:1) through the combination of various measurements involving B (cid:2) ! DK (cid:2) , B (cid:2) ! D (cid:1) K (cid:2) , and B (cid:2) ! DK (cid:1)(cid:2) decays performed by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II e þ e (cid:3) collider at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Using up to 474 million B (cid:1) B pairs, we obtain (cid:1) ¼ ð 69 þ 17 (cid:3) 16 Þ (cid:4) modulo 180 (cid:4) . The total uncertainty is dominated by the statistical component, with the experimental and amplitude-model systematic uncertainties amounting to (cid:2) 4 (cid:4) . The corresponding two-standard-deviation region is 41 (cid:4) < (cid:1) < 102 (cid:4) . This result is inconsistent with (cid:1) ¼ 0 with a signiﬁcance of 5.9 standard deviations.
Capturing a Differential Drive Robot With a Dubins Car

This work addresses the pursuit-evasion problem of capturing a Differential Drive Robot (DDR) with a Dubins Car (DC) in minimum time. We model the problem as a zero-sum differential game, and using differential game theory, we compute the time-optimal motion strategies of the players near the end of the game. We unveil the existence of three singular surfaces: an Evader’s Dispersal Surface (EDS), a Transition Surface (TS), where the DDR switches its controls, and a Pursuer’s Universal Surface (PUS). A particular set of motion strategies for the players is used at each singular surface. To compute our solution, we assume that both players have the same maximum speed and a bounded turning ratio. Considering the previous setting, the game’s outcome only depends on the particular motion capabilities of the players. From previous results in the literature and those presented in the current paper, we can establish that a DDR has an advantage when it plays as a pursuer or as an evader compared to a Dubins Car performing the same role.
Unknown Organofluorine Mixtures in U.S. Adult Serum:Contribution from Pharmaceuticals?

Organofluorines occur in human serum as complex mixtures of known and unidentified compounds. Human biomonitoring traditionally uses targeted analysis to measure the presence of known and quantifiable per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in serum, yet characterization of exposure to and quantification of PFAS are limited by the availability of methods and analytical standards. Studies comparing extractable organofluorine (EOF) in serum to measured PFAS using organofluorine mass balance show that measurable PFAS only explain a fraction of EOF in human serum and that other sources of organofluorine may exist. The gap in fluorine mass balance has important implications for human biomonitoring because the total body burden of PFAS cannot be characterized and the chemical species that make up unidentified EOF are unknown. Many highly prescribed pharmaceuticals contain organofluorine (e.g., Lipitor, Prozac) and are prescribed with dosing regimens designed to maintain a therapeutic range of concentrations in serum. Therefore, we hypothesize organofluorine pharmaceuticals contribute to EOF in serum. We use combustion ion chromatography to measure EOF in commercial serum from U.S. blood donors. Using fluorine mass balance, we assess differences in unexplained organofluorine (UOF) associated with pharmaceutical use and compare them with concentrations of organofluorine predicted based on the pharmacokinetic properties of each drug. Pharmacokinetic estimates of organofluorine attributable to pharmaceuticals ranged from 0.1 to 55.6 ng F/mL. Analysis of 44 target PFAS and EOF in samples of commercial serum (n = 20) shows the fraction of EOF not explained by Σ44 PFAS ranged from 15% to 86%. Self-reported use of organofluorine pharmaceuticals is associated with a 0.36 ng F/mL (95% CL: −1.26 to 1.97) increase in UOF, on average, compared to those who report not taking organofluorine pharmaceuticals. Our study is the first to assess sources of UOF in U.S. serum and examine whether organofluorine pharmaceuticals contribute to EOF. Discrepancies between pharmacokinetic estimates and EOF may be partly explained by differences in analytical measurements. Future analyses using EOF should consider multiple extraction methods to include cations and zwitterions. Whether organofluorine pharmaceuticals are classified as PFAS depends on the definition of PFAS.
INERTIAL RANGE TURBULENCE OF FAST AND SLOW SOLAR WIND AT 0.72 AU AND SOLAR MINIMUM

We investigate Venus Express observations of magnetic field fluctuations performed systematically in the solar wind at 0.72 Astronomical Units (AU), between 2007 and 2009, during the deep minimum of solar cycle 24. The power spectral densities (PSDs) of the magnetic field components have been computed for time intervals that satisfy the data integrity criteria and have been grouped according to the type of wind, fast and slow, defined for speeds larger and smaller, respectively, than 450 km s−1. The PSDs show higher levels of power for the fast wind than for the slow. The spectral slopes estimated for all PSDs in the frequency range 0.005–0.1 Hz exhibit a normal distribution. The average value of the trace of the spectral matrix is −1.60 for fast solar wind and −1.65 for slow wind. Compared to the corresponding average slopes at 1 AU, the PSDs are shallower at 0.72 AU for slow wind conditions suggesting a steepening of the solar wind spectra between Venus and Earth. No significant time variation trend is observed for the spectral behavior of both the slow and fast wind.
Freezing Precipitation in Winter Storms

Abstract The mesoscale storm structure and the evolution of precipitation type are examined during freezing precipitation episodes over southern Ontario. Precipitation bands linked to both warm and cold fronts were mainly responsible for the precipitation during these episodes. One feature detected by radar and related to freezing rain and/or ice pellets in most cases was the initial radar overhang. Observations of mixed precipitation types, including snow and ice pellets with freezing rain, are partially a consequence of size-dependent differences in melting and refreezing within an upper level invention and a lower level subfreezing region, respectively. Inadequate time for refreezing in the lower subfreezing region may, however, lead to particles at the ground being composed of a mixture of water and ice. Prediction techniques for this type of severe weather need to account for its mesoscale nature and for the actual types of precipitation involved.
Using Object Detection Technology to Identify Defects in Clothing for Blind People

Blind people often encounter challenges in managing their clothing, specifically in identifying defects such as stains or holes. With the progress of the computer vision field, it is crucial to minimize these limitations as much as possible to assist blind people with selecting appropriate clothing. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to use object detection technology to categorize and detect stains on garments. The defect detection system proposed in this study relies on the You Only Look Once (YOLO) architecture, which is a single-stage object detector that is well-suited for automated inspection tasks. The authors collected a dataset of clothing with defects and used it to train and evaluate the proposed system. The methodology used for the optimization of the defect detection system was based on three main components: (i) increasing the dataset with new defects, illumination conditions, and backgrounds, (ii) introducing data augmentation, and (iii) introducing defect classification. The authors compared and evaluated three different YOLOv5 models. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective and suitable for different challenging defect detection conditions, showing high average precision (AP) values, and paving the way for a mobile application to be accessible for the blind community.
Comparative Study on Distributed Lightweight Deep Learning Models for Road Pothole Detection

This paper delves into image detection based on distributed deep-learning techniques for intelligent traffic systems or self-driving cars. The accuracy and precision of neural networks deployed on edge devices (e.g., CCTV (closed-circuit television) for road surveillance) with small datasets may be compromised, leading to the misjudgment of targets. To address this challenge, TensorFlow and PyTorch were used to initialize various distributed model parallel and data parallel techniques. Despite the success of these techniques, communication constraints were observed along with certain speed issues. As a result, a hybrid pipeline was proposed, combining both dataset and model distribution through an all-reduced algorithm and NVlinks to prevent miscommunication among gradients. The proposed approach was tested on both an edge cluster and Google cluster environment, demonstrating superior performance compared to other test settings, with the quality of the bounding box detection system meeting expectations with increased reliability. Performance metrics, including total training time, images/second, cross-entropy loss, and total loss against the number of the epoch, were evaluated, revealing a robust competition between TensorFlow and PyTorch. The PyTorch environment’s hybrid pipeline outperformed other test settings.
African Ocean Health Production Function: Policy Implications

ABSTRACT Nguyen, K.A. T. ; Nguelifack, B.M. ; Nguyen, T.A. T. , and Jolly, C.M. , 2023. African ocean health production function: Policy implications. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(3), 519–530. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The study used a two-stage production function, rank regression in the first stage, and probit and ordinary least squares regression in the second stage, to evaluate the effect of socio-economic, environmental, physical, and demographic factors on ocean health. The rank regression analysis coefficients were evaluated using a “t” test. Biodiversity, Tourism, Recreation, Fish Production, Livelihoods, and Sense of Place were all significant at p-value <. 01, while carbon storage was significant at p-value <0.05. Artisanal Fisheries were significant at p-value <0.1. The variable Biodiversity had the highest elasticity (.43). A 1.0% increase in biodiversity is likely to increase the Ocean Health Index (OHI) score by 0.43%, while 1.0% increases in sense of place and coastal livelihoods will increase the OHI by 0.14% and 0.13%, respectively. The relative influence result suggests that the most important variables are Tourism and Recreation (27.6%), Natural Products (20.6%), Food Production (14.1%), Carbon Storage (11.0%), and Coastal Protection (4.8%). The probit model showed that human development index influenced ocean health. Development policies may consider the inclusion of changes in Tourism and Recreation, Fish Provision, and Carbon Storage to improve African ocean health.
Examining Administrators’ Instructional Feedback to High School Math and Science Teachers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore high school administrators’ instructional leadership in math and science. Specifically, the study explored the feedback administrators provided to math and science teachers as part of their instructional supervision. A central goal for this study was to determine how differences in these content areas influenced the feedback administrators provided to teachers. Research Method/Approach: The study was completed in five, comprehensive high schools located in the western United States. A multicase qualitative research design was used to complete this investigation. The study included more than 50 individual participants, including school administrators and classroom teachers. Findings: Three themes were produced from the analysis. First, the feedback administrators provided to teachers focused on pedagogy as opposed to their content understanding. Second, administrators provided feedback that was anchored within their past experience as teachers. This experience shaped how they viewed instruction in math and science. Third, administrators sought ways to make their feedback more meaningful and saw student assessment data as a useful strategy. Conclusions: School administrators’ feedback to classroom teachers about their instruction appears bound within distinct subject subcultures that stem from their past experience as classroom teachers. It is therefore incumbent on administrators to learn how to work across these cultures to support schoolwide instructional improvement. Administrators must recognize how their own position within a particular subject subculture influences the feedback they provide to classroom teachers.
On monotonicity of multiplicative update rules for weighted nonnegative tensor factorization

This paper focuses on so-called weighted variants of nonnnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and more generally nonnnegative tensor factorization (NTF) approximations. We consider multiplicative update (MU) rules to optimize these approximations, and we prove that under certain conditions the results on monotonicity of MU rules for NMF generalize to both the NTF and the weighted NTF (WNTF) cases.
Citalopram in vitro metabolism in a Beagle dog: A role for CYP2D15 in the production of toxic didesmethylcitalopram?

After administration of the serotonergic antidepressant citalopram (CIT) to Beagle dogs, the dogs may experience severe convulsive attacks in relation to the considerably higher plasma concentrations of the metabolite didesmethyl-CIT (DDCIT), when compared to those in humans medicated with CIT. This pilot study aimed at determining the role of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) isozymes in the in vitro metabolism of CIT to desmethyl-CIT (DCIT), and of DCIT to DDCIT in the liver microsomes of a single Beagle dog. Incubations with racemic CIT or DCIT reveal a high-affinity enzyme with Km between 0.3 μM and 1.4 μM for S- and R-DCIT and S- and R-DDCIT productions, respectively. In comparison to human enzymes, the intrinsic clearance values of this high-affinity enzyme are between 15 μl/(min × mg of protein) and 52 μl/(min × mg of protein), i.e., very high. In vitro experiments with inhibitors suggest that CYP2D15, which shows an analogy with human CYP2D6, is by far the main CYP450 isozyme involved in the production of DCIT and DDCIT, whereas CYP3A12 and CYP2C21/41 showed a weak implication. These observations partly explain why, in humans, the plasma concentrations of the toxic DDCIT are considerably lower than those observed in dogs, after administration of CIT.
Classification of non‐parametric regression functions in longitudinal data models

We investigate a longitudinal data model with non‐parametric regression functions that may vary across the observed individuals. In a variety of applications, it is natural to impose a group structure on the regression curves. Specifically, we may suppose that the observed individuals can be grouped into a number of classes whose members all share the same regression function. We develop a statistical procedure to estimate the unknown group structure from the data. Moreover, we derive the asymptotic properties of the procedure and investigate its finite sample performance by means of a simulation study and a real data example.
Diamonds in Thin Lie Algebras

{ In a graded thin Lie algebra, the class where the second diamond appears and the characteristic of the underlying eld determine when the algebra is of nite dimension; in this case they give an upper bound to this dimension, too. Introduction During the last few years there has been a growing interest in studying some narrowness conditions on p-groups and (graded) Lie algebras. The best known condition is having nite coclass, but other ones can be considered. A rather general condition is niteness of width, that is, the existence of a constant that bounds the orders, or dimensions, of the lower central factors. Although these conditions were initially born in a group-theoretical environment, they have been generalized to the class of graded Lie algebras over elds of arbitrary characteristic: in this case, order of the lower central factors reads as dimension of the homogeneous components. A strong narrowness condition is thinness. A graded Lie algebra L = 1 M i=1 Li is thin if L1 has dimension 2 and generates L as an algebra and if L satis es the covering property : for each integer i > 1 and for each non-trivial element z 2 Li, one has Li+1 = [L1; z]. The covering property, combined with the dimension of L1, implies that every homogeneous component Li of L has dimension at most 2. A component of dimension two is called a diamond. When all the components Li but the top one are one-dimensional, L is a graded Lie algebra of maximal class. These are studied in [CMN],[CN],[J2]. When this is not the case, there is one more two-dimensional homogeneous component of L. Let Lk be the next one (we say that the second diamond occurs in weight k): de ne the ideal L = M i k Li. As a rst observation, it is proved in [CMNS] that k is odd when the quotient L=L is metabelian. In this paper we will study to what extent the number k restricts the dimension of the entire algebra. When k = 3 there are examples of in nite-dimensional thin Lie algebras over every eld F. Apart from the characteristic two case they arise as loop algebras of Both authors are member of CNR-GNSAGA, Italy. We are grateful to A. Caranti and M.F. Newman for suggesting the problem and reading various versions of the manuscript.
TR-2012008: Randomized Matrix Computations III

It is well known that random matrices tend to be well conditioned, and we employ this property to advance some fundamental matrix computations. We prove effectiveness of our novel techniques of randomized preconditioning, estimate the condition numbers of random Toeplitz and circulant matrices, numerically stabilize Gaussian elimination with no pivoting and block Gaussian elimination, compute 2× 2 matrix factorization where both diagonal blocks are better conditioned than an ill conditioned input matrix, and apply our dual variation of the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formula to low-rank matrix approximation. Our formal study and numerical tests show significant progress versus the known algorithms and should motivate further research efforts. 2000 Math. Subject Classification: 15A52, 15A12, 15A06, 65F22, 65F05, 65F10
Functional Quality and Radical Scavenging Activity of Selected Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansfeld) Genotypes as Affected by Early and Full Cropping Seasons

Growing conditions and seasonal fluctuations are critical factors affecting fruit and vegetable nutritional quality. The effects of two partially overlapping cropping seasons, early (ECS; January–May) and full (FCS; March–July), on the main carpometric traits and bioactive components of different watermelon fruits were investigated in the open field. Four watermelon genotypes, comprising of three commercial cultivars ‘Crimson Sweet’, ‘Dumara’, ‘Giza’, and the novel hybrid ‘P503 F1’, were compared. The carpometric traits varied significantly between genotypes. Soluble solids and yield were higher under FCS than ECS. The variation affecting colour indexes between the two growing seasons exhibited a genotype-dependent trend. The antioxidant components and radical scavenging activity of watermelon fruits were also significantly affected by differences in received solar energy and temperature fluctuations during the trial period. The average citrulline, total phenolics and flavonoid contents were 93%, 71% and 40% higher in FCS than in ECS. A genotype-dependent variation trend was also observed for lycopene and total vitamin C between cropping seasons. The hydrophilic and lipophilic radical scavenging activities of the pulp of ripe watermelon fruits of the different genotypes investigated varied between 243.16 and 425.31 µmol Trolox Equivalent (TE) of 100 g−1 of fresh weight (fw) and from 232.71 to 341.67 µmol TE of 100 g−1 fw in FCS and ECS, respectively. Our results, although preliminary, show that the functional quality of watermelon fruits is drastically altered depending on the environmental conditions that characterize the ECS and LCS.
Wound infiltration or transversus abdominis plane block after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial

Background Regional anesthesia techniques are commonly used for postoperative pain management during laparoscopic surgery. Our aim was to compare the analgesic efficacy of pre-incisional subcutaneous wound infiltration (WI) with that of the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block as part of a multimodal analgesic approach in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Methods In this prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial, 60 patients were assigned to either TAP or WI group. The main outcome was acute postoperative pain control assessed using the mean numeric rating scale (NRS) at the 24 hours postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were opioid requirements, procedure-related complications, overall complications, and length of stay. Results In this study, 60 patients were randomized: 30 to TAP group and 28 to WI (two were excluded due to conversion to open surgery). We found no significant difference in the median (1Q, 3Q) NRS scores during the 24 h postoperatively neither at rest (TAP, 0 (0, 1) vs. WI, 0 (0, 1), P = 0.812), nor during movement (TAP, 1 (0, 2) vs. WI, 1 (0, 2), P = 0.708). There were no statistical differences in the postoperative intravenous morphine requirements in the TAP vs. WI groups during the same period (1.7 ± 3.1 vs. 1.8 ± 4.1 mg; P = 0.910). Only one patient in the TAP group presented with postoperative nausea and vomiting. Conclusions Both pre-incisional subcutaneous WI and TAP blockade were associated with very low pain scores as part of a non-opioid multimodal analgesic regimen in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. This study did not demonstrate the benefits of WI over TAP.
Correlation of Flow and Acoustic Field Measurements in High Speed Jets

The present study demonstrates the capabilities of an optical deflectometry (OD) technique to provide flow field turbulence measurements that can be successfully correlated with far-field acoustic field measurements. Results from supersonic fully expanded jets are presented and show variations in the frequency content of the coherence between the flow field and the acoustic field with OD positioning. The method is applied to jets with supersonic convection speed, producing Mach wave radiation, and show the strong directionality of the emitted noise. Similar measurements performed in shock-containing jets with microphones in the forward arc reveal enhanced coherence at the same frequency as the Broad Band Shock Associated Noise. Measurements are also made with the optical sensors scanning radially outside of the jet in an attempt to obtain a measurement of the spectra in the acoustic near field. These results show an exponential decay of the signal characteristic of the hydrodynamic region, where an evanescent pressure field dominates the total pressure fluctuation. The high level of skewness in these signals also support the concept that the crackle observed in the far-field originates in the near field. Further radially, acoustic pressure fluctuations are measured and successfully correlated to the acoustic far-field, thus demonstrating another application of this non-intrusive measurement technique in jet acoustics diagnostics.