Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved understanding of spring and stream water responses in headwaters of the Indian Lesser Himalaya using stable isotopes, conductivity and temperature as tracers

ABSTRACT Stable isotope data are presented for precipitation, spring and stream water in a headwater catchments in the Indian Lesser Himalaya. Isotopic contents of phreatic groundwater followed the local meteoric water line and showed minimal alteration by evaporation, suggesting fast recharge. Mean isotopic values for springs and the stream were close to the weighted annual mean for precipitation, indicating recharge was in synchrony with seasonal rainfall distribution. Precipitation exhibited isotopic declines of −0.6‰ and −0.2‰ δ18O per 100 m rise in elevation in July and August (monsoon), respectively. The time lag of one month between rainfall and spring discharge, combined with the isotopic lapse rate indicated a recharge elevation of 70–165 m above the spring outflow point, implying the water originated within the catchment. Time series of electrical conductivity and temperature of spring, seepage and stream waters confirmed the rapid recharge and limited storage capacity of the shallow aquifers.
Australia's identified mineral resources 2019

In 2014, Australia’s mineral exports (excluding petroleum products) amounted to approximately $157 billion which was almost 59% of all export merchandise, 48% of all exported goods and services and approximately 10% of gross domestic product. Given the importance of mineral resources to the Australian economy, Geoscience Australia publishes mineral resource estimates for all major, and some minor, commodities (Table 1). This assessment provides useful long-term indicators of resource life, future supply capability and a broad outlook for policy makers and planners that will assist with government policy decisions and programs associated with the minerals sector and the sustainable development of resources.
Main Predictor(s) of Good Corporate Governance in National Government Departments: A Decision-tree Classification and Prediction Analyses

Purpose: Good public sector corporate governance leads to good management, stewardship of public wealth, public engagement, and ultimately, better outcomes for citizens. As South Africa has one of the worst Gini coefficients in the world, its public sector should effectively address the challenges of inequality, poverty, and unemployment. Yet, almost 30% of national and provincial government departments obtain unfavourable audit outcomes. Methodology: Supporting the drive for clean audit outcomes that equate to good corporate governance, the research objective was to determine the predictors of national government departments’ corporate governance success. The study used CHAID (chi-squared automatic interaction detection) analyses, a decision-tree technique based on information reported over a 13-year period. Findings: The CHAID analyses indicated that national government departments’ corporate governance success is primarily explained by three factors, namely: a quality internal audit function (main predictor), the number of fraud incidents, and the number of internal control weaknesses. Implication: Even though all the variables in this study receive attention in literature and regulation, the problem of unfavourable audit outcomes persists. The question is where to focus on resolving the problem. Regulators may take note of where to focus their efforts in strengthening elements of good corporate governance.
Effects of Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn under No Tillage in Bukidnon, Philippines

The study was conducted to assess the impacts brought by fertilizer towards the growth and yield performance of sweet corn under no tillage operation in Bukidnon, Philippines. The study took place at the research station of IPB-UPLB, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines. Soil samples were taken from the site for initial characterization. Six treatments were employed; T1No fertilizer,T2Recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer (RRIF) based on soil analysis of the experimental area, T32 tons ha Vermicompost, T41⁄2 RRIF + 1 ton ha Vermicompost, T51⁄2 RRIF + 2 tons ha Vermicompost and T6RRIF + 1 ton Vermicompost. Fertilizer treatments were incorporated in the soil to facilitate appropriate chemical reactions. Dibble planting method was employed all throughout the area. Harvesting was done at 70 days after sowing (DAS). The application of fertilizer materials in Bukidnon soil under no tillage operation has no significant effects towards the growth performance of sweet corn. The full recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer plus 1 ton Vermicompost ha consistently gave significantly higher yield parameter values (ear diameter and ear length) than those with no fertilizer applied. Yield data was observed significantly highest in plots with full recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer and 1 ton Vermicompost ha with a value of 49369 ears per hectare. On the other hand, soil pH was significantly affected by the application of inorganic fertilizer alone. Moreover, the application of 1⁄2 RRIF + 2 tons of Vermicompost ha caused significant effects towards the organic matter content (%) of the soil at harvest. The use of inorganic fertilizer in combination with organic fertilizer in sweet corn production under Bukidnon soil with no tillage operation are productive means and ways to be executed. Yield response was significantly highest in those plots, thus, possible means to be implemented in Bukidnon setting following no tillage operation.
Chemical Control of Faba Bean Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae) in Bale Highland, Ethiopia

Chocolate spot is a serious disease that cause yield reduction on faba bean crop, thus, effective management is essential. The objective of this study was to manage chocolate spot of faba bean with host resistance and fungicides in Bale highlands. Field experiments were conducted at Madda Walabu University (MWU) and Harewa research sites during 2017. Treatments were designed in RCBD factorial with three replications. Four fungicides such as mancozeb, fungozeb, nativo and diprocon were evaluated at the rate of 2.5kg/ha, 2.5kg/ha, 0.75L/ha and 0.45L/ha respectively against four varieties. Fungicide application significantly reduced chocolate spot severity, AUDPC and disease progress rate. The highest chocolate spot PSI, AUDPC and disease progress rate was recorded from local unsprayed plot at both sites; whereas the lowest chocolate spot PSI (3.7%) was recorded from walki treated with fungozeb. Maximum grain yield was recorded from plots treated with fungozeb fungicide at both locations. Further study should be conducted on the frequency of those fungicides to identify the optimum level of application and thereby increase production and productivity of faba bean in the region and elsewhere with similar agroecological settings. Keywords : AUDPC; Botrytis fabae; fungicide; PSI
Next-Generation Probiotics as Novel Therapeutics for Improving Human Health: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

Next-generation probiotics (NGPs) represent an innovative group of beneficial bacteria that are currently undergoing research and development. NGPs are designed not only for conventional use as foods or dietary supplements but are also tailored for pharmaceutical applications. Research indicates that NGPs show therapeutic promise in addressing various chronic ailments. Offering multiple advantages over conventional probiotics, NGPs present opportunities for personalized probiotic therapies, involvement in synthetic biology and gene editing, participation in combination therapies, targeted delivery methods, and application in therapeutic settings. Our review discusses the potential therapeutic effect of the NGPs, covering diverse research trajectories for NGPs, including their identification, characterization, and targeted delivery. Furthermore, this review elucidates the influence of NGPs on critical aspects of human health, specifically, gut health, immune function, and broader health outcomes. Mechanistic insights encompass the production of bioactive compounds, competitive interactions with pathogenic bacteria, the modulation of immune cell activity, and the reinforcement of the gut barrier. What is noteworthy is that the current review points out the prevalent NGP strains and their diverse sources, providing a highlight for the comprehensive framework for understanding their potential applications and their future benefits in the domain of advanced therapeutics.
Recovery of Stress During the Interseismic Period Around the Seismogenic Fault of the 1995 Mw 6.9 Kobe Earthquake, Japan

We analyzed the current stress state on the Nojima Fault, the source of the 1995 Mw 6.9 Kobe (Japan) earthquake, using breakouts in a borehole through the fault to a depth of ~1,000 m in 2017. The main fault was found at a depth of 529.3 m, with a damage zone ~60 m thick. Statistical analysis shows that the maximum horizontal stress (σHmax) in the depths shallower than 500 m rotates counterclockwise with depth toward the fault and reaches 138° at a depth of 500 m approximately perpendicular to the fault, coinciding with that measured in 1997. In the depths of ~650–1,000 m, the σHmax is oriented 241°, closely matching the regional tectonic stress direction. Our results reveal an accumulation of compressive stress, the driving force of faulting in the deep seismogenic zone since the 1995 earthquake, implying the fault zone has been healing continuously throughout the 22‐year postseismic period.
Figurative Language in Computer Education: Evidence from YouTube Instructional Videos

Educators are utilizing both traditional and novel electronic methods in teaching, including web-based modalities. According to existing literature, Web 2.0 in general and YouTube videos specifically are increasingly utilized in education. Web 2.0 applications, such as the popular online video network YouTube may enhance the students' learning and retention while providing connections with peers and faculty. The use of online video platforms, including Youtube in education, has been widely discussed in various research studies, including YouTube’s role in the students’ learning support, motivation, and engagement. Additionally, researchers have studied the use of YouTube videos in students’ self-regulated learning. However, few studies focused on the instructor’s stylistics in educational videos. Stylistics is the study and interpretation of texts or spoken language regarding their linguistic and tonal style. In this work, we studied instructor stylistics with a focus on the use of figurative language. In engineering courses, instructors tend to use metaphors, similes, and other forms of figurative language to connect new concepts with students’ existing knowledge base or communicate complex concepts with various non-technical audiences. Unfortunately for researchers interested in understanding instructional processes, most of these lectures or discussions are not recorded nor have footprints on the internet, making it hard to analyze and understand how instructors use this type of language in teaching. We utilized YouTube as a rich data source containing millions of educational videos that can be beneficial for qualitative and quantitative studies that allow the opportunity to discover interesting patterns and themes. Specifically, We report on the results of a study in which we searched for, collected, and analyzed the use of figurative language in educational videos on YouTube teaching topics related to computer education. The videos are related to different topics in Computer Science and are targeting audiences of varying age groups. This approach is a multi-method one that involves both qualitative and quantitative data analyses. We present the data collection and analysis pipeline used in our study as a potential tool for other researchers to implement in their work. The generated dataset from the pipeline consists of video transcripts, metadata, and other statistical and linguistic video attributes. Overall, this research work provides two contributions: (i) a view of how instructors utilize various forms of figurative languages across different topics and age groups in computer education and (ii) a fruitful approach to educational data
A multiscale subpixel mixture analysis applied for melt detection using passive microwave and radar scatterometer image time series of the Antarctic Peninsula (1999–2009)

ABSTRACT This paper reports a comparative analysis performed on a fraction-image time series of the Antarctic Peninsula from the period 1999–2009 generated by multiresolution remote-sensing images (SSM/I and SSMI/S with 25 km and QuikSCAT with 2.225 km spatial resolutions) for snow-melt detection. Our method is based on the (a) preprocessing of multitemporal remote-sensing data, (b) subpixel mixture analysis of SSMI and QuikSCAT image time series, and (c) evaluation of subpixel analysis, including an assessment of fraction images of wet snow using an independent ASAR dataset and sensitivity analysis on the melt metrics measured by these images. The temporal dynamics of the melt indices derived from the wet-snow fraction images presented a more realistic pattern than the traditional melt metrics measured by Boolean snow-melt detection approaches. Because the snow melt actually occurs at the pixel fractions, the multiscale analysis that was performed suggests an overestimation of the melt metrics calculated using Boolean approaches (which assume that the entire area of the detected pixel shows snow melt). The melt metrics measurements show an overestimation according to the decrease in spatial resolution related to the multiplicative effect of a larger pixel area.
Drop size distribution observed by dual-frequency precipitation radar onboard global precipitation measurement core satellite

This study investigated the drop size distribution (DSD) observed by the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core satellite, which makes the world’s first dual-frequency preciptation observations by space-borne radar. Four years have passed since the launch of the GPM core satellite, and data have been accumulated. This study focuses on the characteristics of DSD derived from the GPM/DPR measurements. In this study, DSD parameters (especially for a mass-weighted mean diameter, Dm) which are estimated based on dual-frequency information derived from GPM/DPR are analyzed with seasonal variations and precipitation characteristics. Values of Dm are generally larger over land than over the oceans. DSD shows seasonal variation, especially over the mid-latitude ocean; Dm in the winter season over the mid-latitude ocean is larger than that in the summer season in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Focusing on the mid-latitude North Pacific Ocean close to Japan in winter, precipitation top height is lower and stratiform ratio is higher than those in summer. It suggests that differences of Dm are associated with those of precipitation regimes, such as organized precipitation system in summer season and extratropical frontal systems in winter season.
Positive Psychological Functioning, Emotional Regulation and Coping Strategies as Predictors of Adaptation to Illness in Uruguayan Adolescents in Treatment for Cancer

This study aimed to analyze whether there is a relationship between the variables: Positive Psychological Functioning (PPF), Emotional Regulation (ER) and Coping Strategies (CS) in relation to Adaptation to Illness (AI), and which of these variables is the best predictor of adaptation in adolescents undergoing cancer treatment. The clinical sample was of 33 adolescents aged 12-17 years (M =15.15, ST=1.67). The results indicated that emotional suppression was used more by females, while the coping strategies of religion and behavioral disengagement were used more by males. Participants from the interior of the country showed higher values in PPF than those from the city, and religious belief was more highly related with AI and ER. A linear regression study showed that, although the three independent variables predict the dependent variable, the best predictor is PPF, followed by ER and CS. The t value of the stepwise linear regression model indicated a significance of . 02. These results may be useful when planning treatment in adolescents with cancer, with an approach based on psychological resources.
Tribological Behaviour of Hypereutectic Al-Si Composites: A Multi-Response Optimisation Approach with ANN and Taguchi Grey Method

An optimisation model for small datasets was applied to thixocasted/compocasted composites and hybrid composites with hypereutectic Al-18Si base alloys. Composites were produced with the addition of Al2O3 (36 µm/25 nm) or SiC (40 µm) particles. Based on the design of experiment, tribological tests were performed on the tribometer with block-on-disc contact geometry for normal loads of 100 and 200 N, a sliding speed of 0.5 m/s, and a sliding distance of 1000 m. For the prediction of the tribological behaviour of composites, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used. Three inputs were considered for ANN training: type of reinforcement (base alloy, Al2O3 and SiC), amount of Al2O3 nano-reinforcement (0 and 0.5 wt.%), and load (100 and 200 N). Various ANNs were applied, and the best ANN for wear rate (WR), with an overall regression coefficient of 0.99484, was a network with architecture 3-15-1 and a logsig (logarithmic sigmoid) transfer function. For coefficient of friction (CoF), the best ANN was the one with architecture 3-6-1 and a tansig (hyperbolic tangent sigmoid) transfer function and had an overall regression coefficient of 0.93096. To investigate the potential of ANN for the prediction of two outputs simultaneously, an ANN was trained, and the best results were from network 3-5-2 with a logsig transfer function and overall regression coefficient of 0.99776, but the predicted values for CoF in this case did not show good correlation with experimental results. After the selection of the best ANNs, the Taguchi grey multi-response optimisation of WR and CoF was performed for the same combination of factors as the ANNs. For optimal WR and CoF, the combination of factors was as follows: composite with 3 wt. % Al2O3 micro-reinforcement, 0.5 wt. % Al2O3 nano-reinforcement, and a load of 100 N. The results show that developed ANN, the Taguchi method, and the Taguchi grey method can, with high reliability, be used for the optimisation of wear rate and coefficient of friction of hypereutectic Al-Si composites. Microstructural investigations of worn surfaces were performed, and the wear mechanism for all tested materials was light abrasion and adhesion. The findings from this research can contribute to the future development of hypereutectic Al-Si composites.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Magnetospheric Source Region of Auroral Finger-like Structures Observed by the RBSP-A Satellite

Auroral finger-like structures appear equatorward of the auroral oval in the diffuse auroral region and contribute to the auroral fragmentation into patches. A previous report of the first conjugate observation of auroral finger-like structures using a Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) Ground-Based Observatories camera and the THEMIS-E satellite at a radial distance of ∼8 RE showed antiphase oscillations of magnetic and plasma pressures in the dawnside plasma sheet. In the present study, we report another simultaneous observation of auroral finger-like structures at Gillam, Canada, at ∼0900 UT (0230 magnetic local time) on 14 November 2014 with the Radiation Belt Storm Probes satellites at 5.8 RE in the inner magnetosphere. From this simultaneous observation event, we obtained the following observations. (1) Auroral finger-like structures developed poleward in the equatorward moving auroral arc at the equatorward edge of the auroral oval. (2) Both the electron and ion OMNI fluxes measured by HOPE increased at ∼0900 UT as the satellite footprint entered the auroral region, indicating that the satellite was crossing the observed auroral finger-like structures. (3) The absolute value of magnetic pressure was several times that of the plasma pressure, and no systematic phase relationship was identified between the magnetic and plasma pressures, unlike that in the THEMIS case. Based on these observations, we discuss two possible causes of the observed finger-like structures, namely, pressure-driven instability in the magnetosphere and gradient drift instability in the ionosphere. In this paper, the latter possibility is newly suggested to develop in the equatorward moving aurora associated with the westward electric field in the equatorward ionospheric density gradient. Plain Language Summary We report the conjugate observation of auroral finger-like structures using ground-based all-sky imager and the RBSP-A satellite. Such a report of conjugate observation of auroral finger-like structures with the RBSP-A satellite in the inner magnetosphere is for the first time. The auroral finger-like structures can be a cause of the auroral fragmentation into patches. From the present observation, we suggest that the gradient drift instability in the ionospheric plasma can be a cause of the auroral finger-like structures.
An epidemiological study and Cytomorphological characterization of canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT)

The contagious venereal tumour also known as canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is most often found in dogs that live in close proximity to one another or in stray and wild canines who engage in unrestricted sexual behavior. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological aspects of CTVT and its characterisation based on the cytomorphology. A total of 118 tumorous samples from dogs were collected at the Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), DUVASU, Mathura, and studied in the Department of Veterinary Pathology, DUVASU, and Mathura. The distribution of CTVT in terms of age, sex, and breed was evaluated. CTVT accounted for 38.13% of all tumours in dogs, with predominant occurrences in females (68.9%), non-descript breeds (44.45%), and dogs aged between 2-8 years (73.34%). Genital presentations comprised 77.77% of cases, with extragenital regions also affected. Cytological examination revealed various forms of CTVT, including lymphocytoid, plasmacytoid, and mixed forms, with lymphocytoid forms primarily localized in genital locations. Plasmacytoid forms were prevalent in extragenital sites, particularly in dogs over 7 years of age. Histopathological examination exhibited sheets of round to ovoid tumorous cells, mitotic figures, and hyperchromatic nuclei with sparse fibrous stroma. This study underscores the significance of epidemiology and cytology in understanding the diagnosis of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT).
New lacewings from the Insect Bed (late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae)

ABSTRACT New fossils of the families Nemopteridae and Chrysopidae are recorded and a new species of Hemerobiidae, Sympherobius yulei sp. nov., is described from the late Eocene Insect Bed of the Isle of Wight. The new nemopterid belongs to the tribe Stenonemiini and is very similar to a specimen already recorded from the Early Oligocene of Alsace (France), suggesting that these warm-climate insects were not affected by the ‘Oi-1 Glaciation' cooling.