Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Divnoe Meteorite: Petrology, Chemistry, Oxygen Isotopes and Origin

The Divnoe meteorite is an olivine-rich primitive achondrite with subchondritic chemistry and mineralogy. It has a granoblastic, coarse-grained, olivine groundmass (CGL: coarse-grained lithology) with relatively large pyroxene-plagioclase poiklitic patches (PP) and small fine-grained domains of an opaque-rich lithology (ORL). Both PP and ORL are inhomogeneously distributed and display reaction boundaries with the groundmass. Major silicates, olivine Fa(20-28) and orthopyroxyene Fs(20-28 Wo(0.5-2.5), display systematic differences in composition between CGL and ORL as well as a complicated pattern of variations within CGL. Accessory plagioclase has low K content and displays regular igneous zoning with core compositions An(40-45) and rims An(32-37). The bulk chemical composition of Divnoe is similar to that of olivine-rich primitive achondrites, except for a depletion of incompatible elements and minor enrichment of refractory siderophiles. Oxygen isotope compositions for whole-rock and separated minerals from Divnoe fall in a narrow range, with mean delta O-18 = +4.91, delta O-17 = +2.24, and Delta O-17 = -0.26 +/- 0.11. The isotopic composition is not within the range of any previously recognized group but is very close to that of the brachinites. To understand the origin of Divnoe lithologies, partial melting and crystallization were modelled using starting compositions equal to that of Divnoe and some chondritic meteorites. It was found that the Divnoe composition could be derived from a chondritic source region by approximately 20 wt% partial melting at Ta approximately 1300 C and log(fO2) = IW-1.8, followed by approximtely 60 wt% crystallization of the partial melt formed, and removal of the still-liquid portion of the partial melt. Removal of the last partial melt resulted in depletion of the Divnoe plagioclase in Na and K. In this scenario, CGL represents the residue of partial melting, and PP is a portion of the partial melt that crystallized in situ. The ORL was formed during the final stages of partial melting by reaction between gaseous sulfur and residual olivine in the source region. A prominent feature of Divnoe is fine micron-scale chemical variations within olivine grains, related to lamellar structures the olivines display. The origin of these structures is not known.
Late Holocene cyclic glaciomarine sedimentation in a subpolar fjord of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, and its paleoceanographic significance: Sedimentological, geochemical, and paleontological evidence

The glaciomarine sedimentary record of the fjord head (Collins Harbor) in Maxwell Bay, South Shetland Islands (West Antarctica), a large marine calving embayment, contains repeating couplets of organic-rich massive diamicton and organic-poor stratified diamicton. The massive diamicton is characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) content and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios and was deposited in a cold climate regime by iceberg-rafted sedimentation from coastal fast ice in which algal plants, as well as gravels, were entrained. The stratified diamicton is characterized by low TOC content and C/N ratios and was formed in a warmer climate regime when the flux of icebergs was suppressed, but turbid meltwater discharge continued to produce lamination. When the meltwater discharge decreased in cold climatic conditions, and resultant phytoplankton productivity was reduced due to the increased sea-ice coverage, ice rafting from shorefast sea ice might have played a major role in entraining benthic algae, as well as loads of sand and gravel, along the coastal area, resulting in an increased C/N ratio and gravel content in the massive diamicton. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon analyses conducted on well-preserved calcite shells were used to construct a chronology for the past 3000 years. Fluctuations in TOC are recorded (approximately four cycles over this time period), with the average duration of a cooling cycle being ∼500 years. These cycles may be correlative with the high-frequency (550 yr) variability in reduced Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) on the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf, because a decrease in CDW may be related to reduced deep water production in the North Atlantic during colder periods, as demonstrated for glacial intervals throughout the Pleistocene.
TRADITIONAL USES OF PERENNIAL HOMESTEAD GARDEN PLANTS IN BANGLADESH

ABSTRACT Traditional uses of perennial homestead garden (homegarden) plants in four physiographic regions of Bangladesh (Deltaic, Dry land. Hilly and Plain) were explored using different Participatory Rural Appraisal tools (transect walk, participatory vegetation survey, open-ended interview). A total of 120 perennial species were recorded from 200 homegardens surveyed in the four regions; i.e., from 50 homegardens randomly selected from one village in each region. Twenty-four traditional uses of the 120 plant species were documented of which seven were in the primary use category and 17 were secondary uses. Edible species represented the largest proportion of the seven primary use categories (35%), followed by medicinal (26%), construction material (17%), household (16%), spices (3%), craft (2%) and live fence (2%) uses, respectively. Eighty-four species had more than one use. The highest number of uses recorded for a given species was seven (Mangifera indica). Fifty-seven species were common to all regions and these were ranked according to their Relative Importance Values (RIV). The mean ranking of the common species, based on RIV across all the four regions, indicated that Cocos nucifera was the most preferred species followed by the M. indica and Ziziphus mauratiana, respectively. The wide range of uses of homegarden plants indicates that Bangladesh farmers possess and nurture a rich heritage of such traditions, and reflects the importance of conserving them.
The Relationship Between the Cultural Practice of Abstinence During Pregnancy and the Incidence of Preeclampsia in the Working Area of the Tamanan Public Health Center, Bondowoso

Introduction: The culture of abstinence is a habit or belief of the community that prohibits pregnant women from consuming certain types of food. Mothers tend not to consume sea fish, shrimp, and eggs which can cause pregnant women to experience malnutrition which increases the risk of preeclampsia. Method: This study uses quantitative research with a correlation design and uses a cross-sectional approach. Conducted on 134 population of pregnant women with 100 samples. Collecting data by questionnaires and study of documents through the MCH handbook. Analysis using Spearman Rho statistic at p-value <0.05. Result: The results of this study indicate a p-value of 0.000 with an R-value of 0.621. There is a relationship between cultural practices of abstinence during pregnancy and the incidence of preeclampsia. Conclusion: The practice of abstinence from eating is still widely practiced in rural communities. This condition can be a risk factor for preeclampsia in pregnant women.
Accurate crystal chemistry of ferric smectites from the lateritic nickel ore of Murrin Murrin (Western Australia). I. XRD and multi-scale chemical approaches

Abstract Lateritic weathering profiles developed on serpentinized peridotites of Murrin Murrin (Western Australia) exhibit thick smectite zones (10-15 m). The smectites from plasma and fissures were characterized by XRD, chemical analyses (ICP-AES, SEM-EDX and TEM-EDX) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. These Fe-rich smectites, previously described as nontronites, are in fact more complex. Their layer charges originate from both the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets. Plasma and notably fissure smectites exhibit, from the bulk sample scale to the particle scale, large and continuous Al for (Fe+Cr) substitutions, covering a chemical gap previously described for dioctahedral smectites ranging between nontronite and beidellite end-members. Lastly, they exhibit an octahedral occupancy slightly above 2, due to a low (Mg+Ni) trioctahedral contribution. Thus, the smectites occurring in weathering profiles of ultrabasic rocks can have actual chemistries intermediate between four dioctahedral end-members (beidellite, nontronite, montmorillonite and previously rarely described ferric-montmorillonite) and a trioctahedral one ((Mg+Ni)-saponite).
Satellite remote sensing of primary production: comparison of results for Sahelian grasslands 1981-1988

Abstract Field measurements of primary production in semi-arid grasslands in three Sahelian countries over a period of 8 years are analysed in conjunction with multitemporal sums of vegetation indices derived from the NOAA spacecraft's advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR). The results demonstrate that there is a strong linear relationship between the satellite observations of vegetation indices and the seasonal primary production in the range 0-3000 kg ha−. The confidence intervals of estimation of production were in the range ±61-161 kg ha−.
Estimating the Contribution of Sea Ice Response to Climate Sensitivity in a Climate Model

AbstractThe response of sea ice to climate change affects Earth’s radiative properties in ways that contribute to yet more climate change. Here, a configuration of the Community Earth System Model, version 1.0. 4 (CESM 1.0.4), with a slab ocean model and a thermodynamic–dynamic sea ice model is used to investigate the overall contribution to climate sensitivity of feedbacks associated with the sea ice loss. In simulations in which sea ice is not present and ocean temperatures are allowed to fall below freezing, the climate feedback parameter averages ~1.31 W m−2 K−1; the value obtained for control simulations with active sea ice is ~1.05 W m−2 K−1, indicating that, in this configuration of CESM1.0. 4, sea ice response accounts for ~20% of climate sensitivity to an imposed change in radiative forcing. In this model, the effect of sea ice response on the longwave climate feedback parameter is nearly half as important as its effect on the shortwave climate feedback parameter. Further, it is shown that the stre.
Cambrian-Ordovician lingulate brachiopods from Scandinavia, Kazakhstan, and South Ural Mountains

Lingulate brachiopods are described from the Upper Cambrian - Lower Ordovician (Tremadoc-Arenig) of Scandinavia (Sweden, Denmark, and Norway), South Ural Mountains, northeastern Central Kazakhstan, and the southern Kendyktas Range in southern Kazakhstan. The faunas comprise a total of 56 species of which 20 are new these are assigned to 40 genera, of which the lingulids Agalatassia and Keskentassia, the siphonotretid Siphonotrerella. and the acrotretids Galinella, Longipegma, Ottenbyella, Akmolina, Mamatia, Sasyksoria, and Otariella are new. The new Subfamily Elliptoglossinae is proposed. The poorly known Cambrianardovician stratigraphy of the South Urals. northeastern Central Kazakhstan, and the southern Kendyktas Range is reviewed. Many sequences in these areas that were previously referred to the Upper Cambrian and Tremadoc can now be correlated with the lower Arenig Hunneberg Stage in Baltoscandia. Three main types of faunal assemblages can be distinguished: (1) the Broeggeria assemblage; (2) several microbrachiopod assemblages; and (3) the Leptembolon-Thysanotos assemblage. The Broeggeria assemblage is distributed world-wide in the Tremadoc of the southern Kendyktas Range, Scandinavia, Belgium, Great Britain, Canada, and Argentina, while the Leptembolon-Thysanotos assemblage is confined to the Arenig of an area surrounding the East European platform, including northern Estonia, Poland, Germany, Bohemia, Serbia, and the South Urals. The microbrachiopod assemblages are known mainly from the Upper Cambrian - Arenig of Scandinavia, South Ural Mountains, northeastern Central Kazakhstan, and the southern Kendyktas Range.
Small‐scale deformation structures and physical properties related to convergence in Japan Trench slope sediments

Diatomaceous mudstones, cored on DSDP legs 56/57 off Japan, contain numerous postdepositional veins, healed fractures, and microfaults. Beneath the forearc basin, these secondary structures occur only at depths greater than 620 m (Miocene) in a zone of normal faulting. Beneath the landward slope of the trench, however, they occur at depths as shallow as 250 m (Pliocene) in hemipelagic sediments which are inferred to blanket tectonically accreted deposits. The intensity of deformation in the trench slope deposits increases in a seaward direction. Bulk densities indicate that the trench slope deposits have not dewatered normally but are, above 400 m, more consolidated than sediment deposited on the deep sea terrace. A decline in sediment bulk density with increasing depth suggests that open fractures may exist in situ, perhaps induced and/or maintained by excess pore pressure. Below about 550 m, a normal pattern of increasing density with increasing depth may reflect fracture closure and consolidation under lithostatic load. We suggest that tectonic stress related to plate convergence has been communicated to the sediment on the landward Japan Trench slope, causing tectonic dewatering within the subduction complex and inducing pervasive but small-scale veining, fracturing, and faulting in near-surface (≤700 m) hemipelagic deposits. This deformation occurs in sediment which has not been subject to large tectonic movement and does not eradicate larger (50–100 m thick) structural/depositional units, which are apparent on seismic reflection records. The brecciation induced by deformation may reflect natural hydrofracturing under abnormally high pore pressures or opening of fractures formed earlier (at shallower depths) during the dewatering process. The overpressures may, in turn, locally reduce the sediment shear strength at shallow levels in the sediment column and induce downslope mass sediment movement.
Can Whole-Body Baseline CT Radiomics Add Information to the Prediction of Best Response, Progression-Free Survival, and Overall Survival of Stage IV Melanoma Patients Receiving First-Line Targeted Therapy: A Retrospective Register Study

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of radiomics and clinical parameters in a machine-learning model offers additive information compared with the use of only clinical parameters in predicting the best response, progression-free survival after six months, as well as overall survival after six and twelve months in patients with stage IV malignant melanoma undergoing first-line targeted therapy. Methods: A baseline machine-learning model using clinical variables (demographic parameters and tumor markers) was compared with an extended model using clinical variables and radiomic features of the whole tumor burden, utilizing repeated five-fold cross-validation. Baseline CTs of 91 stage IV malignant melanoma patients, all treated in the same university hospital, were identified in the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry and all metastases were volumetrically segmented (n = 4727). Results: Compared with the baseline model, the extended radiomics model did not add significantly more information to the best-response prediction (AUC [95% CI] 0.548 (0.188, 0.808) vs. 0.487 (0.139, 0.743)), the prediction of PFS after six months (AUC [95% CI] 0.699 (0.436, 0.958) vs. 0.604 (0.373, 0.867)), or the overall survival prediction after six and twelve months (AUC [95% CI] 0.685 (0.188, 0.967) vs. 0.766 (0.433, 1.000) and AUC [95% CI] 0.554 (0.163, 0.781) vs. 0.616 (0.271, 1.000), respectively). Conclusions: The results showed no additional value of baseline whole-body CT radiomics for best-response prediction, progression-free survival prediction for six months, or six-month and twelve-month overall survival prediction for stage IV melanoma patients receiving first-line targeted therapy. These results need to be validated in a larger cohort.
Sonification of Chemotactic Waves of Bacteria

Chemotaxis is the ability of certain microscopic organisms to sense and swim towards beneficial or away from detrimental chemicals in their surroundings. Identifying this behavior is important for understanding the relationships between species and their environments in the natural world. Predicting migration of an entire population from known characteristics of individual microorganisms is a key contribution, but can be a laborious process and requires watching and waiting for visual evidence of the process on a large population scale. Sonification offers a novel solution to this problem by allowing the observer to tap into our auditory sensory system to process information. In this project, we developed and assessed a proof-of-concept sonification tool as a high throughput, real-time screening tool for chemotaxis in populations of swimming bacteria. The tool operates by reporting the y-axis position of bacteria that appear in the microscope image as microsecond duration pitched notes, giving the user a sense of the average location of the population. In this paper, we present how it has been used as a chemotaxis assay and as a tool to locate traveling waves of bacteria as they pass through the field of view in order to capture data at specific timepoints, which is used to analyze individual swimming patterns of microorganisms within the wave.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Bacterial Infections: A Review Study

Background: In spite of great advances in the prevention of bacterial infections, they are still considered the most common reason for mortality worldwide. In accordance with the data from the World Health Organization (WHO), around 15% of pediatric mortality was caused by bacterial infections in 2017. Since cigarette smoke can cause serious damage to organs such as the respiratory system and weakening of the immune system, the aim of the present review study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on various bacterial pneumonia. Methods: The present review study was performed on 90 articles obtained through searching in ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar using keywords such as bacterial pneumonia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, tuberculosis, and cigarette. Results: Different results of previous studies indicated that given the detrimental effect of cigarettes on the respiratory and immune system of individuals, cigarette smoking affects the prognosis and outcome of infectious diseases. Disease severity, requiring hospitalization at both general and intensive care units, and mortality rate vary across these patients, thereby challenging the treatment. Thus, the cessation of cigarette smoking may help improve the respiratory system function. Conclusion: Given contradictions in the results of previous studies, exposure to cigarette smoke affects the respiratory system and increases the severity of bacterial pneumonia.
Measuring the Navigation Multipath Channel – A Statistical Analysis

In autumn 2002 the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) carried out a high resolution measurement campaign to investigate the land mobile satellite navigation multipath channel. This became necessary because for future wideband navigation systems like Galileo there is not enough knowledge about multipath. High bandwidth navigation signals are strongly disturbed by reflections from structures close to the receiver. To model these effects a very high time resolution is required. Especially for the proposed BOC (Binary Offset Carrier) signal structures the delays of echoes have to be known in ns accuracies. Approaches of the past to describe the multipath effects have resolutions of 50 ns which is not satisfying for high precision positioning. For the measurements a Zeppelin simulated the satellite transmitting a signal down to a measurement van equipped with the receiver and various sensors. During the campaign more than 60 measurements, each lasting for about 15 minutes were taken in several urban, suburban and rural scenarios for car and pedestrian applications in and around Munich. For a sufficient statistic we covered the whole elevation and azimuth range and chose streets containing a relevant mix for each channel type. The measurement signal had a bandwidth of 100 MHz and was transmitted every 3 ms to ? sound? the channel, whose impulse response was recorded. For more details on the campaign please refer to [1]. In this paper we will present statistical analyses of the measured data. The raw data has a delay resolution of 10 ns and was post processed with an ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques) based super resolution algorithm guaranteeing a delay resolution in ns. We will give detailed information about echo occurrences, birth and death rates, life times of echoes and their power and delay distributions. In addition we have accurate information about their Doppler shifts and bandwidths. We will present dependencies of the channel characteristics (e.g. visibility) on elevation and azimuth and compare different channel types. Furthermore we are able to identify worst case scenarios and can give verified examples, where positioning errors of more than 100 meters occurred due to multipath, when using a standard GPS receiver. The recorded GPS data also allows us to calculate realistic availabilities in these critical scenarios where high buildings or trees often avert the reception of satellite signals. Finally we will present the MNC model for this application type.
Stages and Durations of Post-Storm Beach Recovery, Southeastern Texas Coast, U.S.A.

Severely eroded beaches of the southeastern Texas coast monitored for ten years following a category 3 hurricane reveal four time-dependent stages of recovery. The dominant processes during the four stages of recovery are as follow: (1) rapid forebeach accretion, (2) backbeach aggradation, (3) dune formation, and (4) dune expansion and vegetation recolonization. Only undeveloped beaches experienced all four stages of post-storm recovery. Developed beaches reached stage 2, but additional recovery was prevented because beach widths seaward of the houses were too narrow to permit eolian transport and construction of dunes. Post-storm recovery lasted four to five years before the beaches of Galveston Island began responding to local events that dictated subsequent changes in beach volume. Only two of seven profile sites experienced complete recovery in terms of sand volume gained, compared to the volume lost during the storm. Partial recovery at the other sites ranged from 7% to 71% of the volume eroded during the storm. After the four- to five-year period of partial recovery, several beach segments entered an erosional phase that reflects the long-term trend of beach behavior. Post-storm beach responses at individual sites were highly variable and included the following; (1) erosion and continuous loss of beach volume, (2) partial recovery and subsequent erosion, (3) complete recovery, and (4) continuous gains in beach volume that greatly exceed the volume eroded by the storm. Some of the factors that locally controlled beach response were interactions with shoals at an adjacent tidal inlet, the adverse effects of updrift coastal structures, and along-shore migration of shoreline rhythms that alter sand supply. The maximum cumulative recovery of sand occurred four years after the storm when approximately 67% of the eroded sand could be accounted for, as storm washover terraces deposited on the barrier flat (12%) or as beach and dune sand returned during the recovery phase (55%). Apparently the remaining volume of sand eroded from, but not returned to the beach, was transported downdrift and stored on the shoreface where it has contributed to spit accretion on Galveston Island.