Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organizational preparedness for corporate entrepreneurship and psychological capital: does the managerial level matter?

ABSTRACT This study explores the effects of organizational preparedness for corporate entrepreneurship (OPCE) on psychological capital and innovative behaviour in South Korean small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with a particular focus on the moderating effects of the managerial level. Building on the literature review regarding the OPCE and psychological capital, hypotheses are constructed and tested using a sample of 217 collected from middle managers of South Korean SMEs. Regarding analytical techniques, structural equation modelling and moderated regression analysis were applied. Results indicate that two of the four OPCE dimensions affect the development of psychological capital. More notably, this study finds that the relationship between middle managers’ perception of OPCE dimensions and psychological capital is more significantly positive for higher level managers than for lower level managers. It also finds that innovative behaviour is driven by psychological capital. Contributions, implications and limitations with suggestions for future studies are presented.
The State of India’s Foreign Trade during the Post Reform Period:An Empirical Analysis

Objectives: The present study tries to throw light on the direction, nature, share and variation of India’s foreign trade with rest of the world during the post reform period. Methods/Statistical analysis: An analysis of India’s balance of trade position is made at disaggregate level with different category of countries like OPEC, OECD, Eastern Europe, Developing countries and the other types of countries. A statistical analysis in the form of ANOVA is carried out for examining variation in the level of India’s export and import with rest of the world. Findings: The empirical findings of the study show that though India is facing deficit balance of trade with rest of the world throughout the study period but the volume of trade deficit has widened mainly after 2002-03. India has enjoyed a trade surplus with OPEC, OECD, Eastern Europe, Developing countries and other type of countries during some points of time. The study has also found that India is having surplus balance of trade mostly with the developing and other type of countries. The study has also found that export and imports sharing of India among different countries are found statistically highly significant. The share of India’s export and import is also found to be shifted more towards developing and other type of countries in recent times and thus representing the dominance of these two countries in India’s current foreign trade situation. The findings of the present study are unique in the sense that it tries to analyse India’s balance of trade position by disaggregating the rest of the world into different groups. Application/Improvements: The present study recommends that efforts must be put in raising India’s level of export to those countries where her products have relatively higher demand and she must look for some import substitution measures in case of those countries upon which she is heavily relying upon her import. The scope of improvement of the present study lies in exploring the causes of variation in the level of India’s foreign trade with the rest of the world.
Hospice Palliative Care in South Korea: Past, Present, and Future

Hospice palliative care (HPC) in Korea has developed steadily since its introduction in 1965. Currently, HPC in Korea is targeted only towards terminal cancer patients and their families, and the national health insurance scheme covers only inpatient hospice care for said patients. In recent years, healthcare professionals and policy makers began to recognize the need for HPC services in diverse settings including outside hospital boundaries, and for all terminally-ill patients. A law on HPC passed in January 2016 allows terminally-ill patients to refuse life-sustaining treatments, and will likely facilitate further development of HPC services. It is critical for the government and all interested parties in the medical, academic and social sectors to collaborate to ensure its success once it takes effect in 2017. This article will briefly review the half-century history of HPC in Korea, and discuss how to prepare for and cope with death and, thereby, improve the quality of death.
A review on the relationship between university and industry and the effect of significant parameters

There has been no systematic research of the characteristics of the universities and academic researchers that seem to have contributed most to industrial innovation. This article assesses the emerging 'technology transfer' in academic goals as a factor which could affect the economic problem. Transferring of science, technology and graduated student from university to industry have studied as an essential goal to academics-industry. The most considerable effect by companies is enhancing the access to new research, inventions and the project. The most important advantage of faculty members has finished their academic research by protecting results for graduate students and lab equipment. This condition corrects by increasing of disciplines, declining participation of students in their own educational curriculum, and award structures which emphasize on the promotion process. The results show that, the industry concerns with technological change and to policy makers attempting to increase the economic payoff from the nation's academic research.
MEASURING AND ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS ON EUROPEAN REAL PROPERTY MARKET

Economic development of countries, regions or entities operating on the market is possible when favourable economic conditions outweigh adverse conditions. Examining the development of European economy, it is possible to observe this regularity in the majority of periods, i.e. the bull market had a more intense and longer impact on the economy in comparison with the bear market, enabling constant economic development of Europe. Globalisation, a relative ease of financing investment activity, financial over-liquidity, negative interest rates: all of them result in the fact that previously verified and correctly operating mechanisms and market models have become unpredictable. During the latest crisis, the European real property market lost some part of its potential. The loss varied in individual EU member-countries. Some of them coped with the crisis quite successfully, others managed to do so on the average, still others have felt its effects until today. Making use of regressive techniques, the author undertook to measure and assess the impact of the global crisis on the property market. Consequently, the effects and intensity of its impact regarding the number of issued building permits, number of the employed in construction industry, value of construction production and prices of real property were measured.
Nudging Early Reduces Administrative Burden: Three Field Experiments to Improve Code Enforcement

In the past decade, public sector organizations around the world have worked to simplify administrative processes as a way to improve user experience and compliance. Academic evidence on administrative burden supports this approach and there is a strong body of research showing that learning costs, compliance costs and psychological costs help to explain why residents do not always take-up programs for which they are eligible. This article considers the role of these types of costs in a different set of resident-state interactions: compliance with regulations. We present the results of three large field experiments aimed at improving resident compliance with municipal housing codes using targeted behavioral interventions. We find that contacting property owners earlier, redesigning first notices, and proactively communicating with previous violators, can significantly improve compliance by 14.7 percent, 3.3 percent, and 9.2 percent respectively, with costs savings ranging from 6–15 percent of a city’s annual enforcement budget. Our results counterintuitively suggest that sometimes adding steps to an administrative process can reduce the costs associated with the resident-state interaction.
When A Coup Is Not A Coup: An Analysis Of The Media Coverage Of The 2002 Coup In Venezuela

As the elected president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez has undertaken a different type of economic and political agenda one that presents a challenge to American led neoliberalism and one which represents one nation's struggle towards a socialist project. In April 2002, there was a successful, yet short-lived, coup against Chavez. Many believe that the coup was heavily supported and financed by the Bush administration and the National Endowment for Democracy, an organization that serves the interests of American imperialism. Using Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky's Propaganda Model in conJunction with Critical Discourse Analysis, this thesis critically examines the media coverage of the 2002 coup in the New York Times and the Globe and Mail.
Predictive value of hypoglycin A and methylencyclopropylacetic acid conjugates in a horse with atypical myopathy in comparison to its cograzing partners

Summary Hypoglycin A (HGA) was detected in blood and urine of a horse suffering from atypical myopathy (AM; Day 2, serum, 8290 μg/l; urine: Day 1, 574, Day 2, 742 μg/l) and in its cograzing partners with a high variability (46–1570 μg/l serum). Over the period of disease, the level of the toxic metabolites (methylencyclopropylacetic acid [MCPA]-conjugates) increased in body fluids of the AM horse (MCPA-carnitine: Day 2, 0.246, Day 3, 0.581 μmol/l serum; MCPA-carnitine: Day 2, 0.621, Day 3, 0.884 μmol/mmol creatinine in urine) and HGA decreased rapidly (Day 3, 2430 μg/l serum). In cograzing horses MCPA-conjugates were not detected. HGA in seeds ranged from 268 to 367 μg/g. Although HGA was present in body fluids of healthy cograzing horses, MCPA-conjugates were not detectable, in contrast to the AM horse. Therefore, increasing concentrations of MCPA-conjugates are supposed to be linked with the onset of AM and both parameters seem to indicate the clinical stage of disease. However, detection of HGA in body fluids of cograzing horses might be a promising step in preventing the disease.
Investment Shocks and Asset Prices: An Investment-Based Approach

We propose a new approach, based on investment data, to determine firms’ return exposure to investment-specific technology (IST) shocks. When applied to U.S. data, we find that, in contrast to the pattern estimated from empirical IST proxies, value firms have higher exposure to IST shocks than growth firms. When applied to simulated data from existing theoretical models, our approach reveals that existing empirical findings may result from measurement errors in the IST proxies. Importantly, our simulation analysis uncovers the key role played by investment data in determining the economic mechanism through which IST shocks affect cross-sectional asset prices.
Ethnic Differences in Labour Market Outcomes—The Role of Language-Based Discrimination

Host country language proficiency has been shown to account for ethnic differences in labour market outcomes. Prior studies generally assume that language skills represent a form of human capital, affecting employees’ productivity. However, language proficiency may also be associated with discrimination. Lower language proficiency may elicit distaste for certain ethnic groups, as it is a prominent reminder of the respective origin. When this reminder vanishes as language skills rise, group-specific distaste should also reduce. Employers may thus not only value language skills in terms of productivity but also factor in less group-specific distaste when evaluating immigrant jobseekers with high-language skills. Moreover, if employers lack information on competences that are hard to observe, high-language proficiency may prevent the application of adverse ethnic beliefs. Using data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), I examine whether language skills affect crucial indicators of labour market success differently for groups that vary with respect to the level of distaste associated with them. I also investigate whether this effect is conditional on the amount of information available to employers. Findings indicate group-specific returns to higher-language proficiency, irrespective of the available information. This might suggest that, in addition to affecting employees’ productivity, language proficiency may also be associated with taste discrimination for certain ethnic groups.
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

On February 14, 1995, war was declared on parental rights in America. On that day, the Clinton Administration announced that the United States would sign the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and send it to the U.S. Senate for ratification. Then-first lady Hillary Clinton described the Convention as advancing a “noble cause, to promote the wellbeing and protect the basic rights of children throughout the world. ” (John Harris, “U.S. to Sign UN Pacts on Child’s Rights,” Washington Post, February 11, 1995, A3).
Flypaper Effect Pada Dana Alokasi Umum Dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Terhadap Belanja Daerah

This study aimed to find out the flypaper effect on regencies/municipalities government in Maluku province. One of transfer fund is general allocation fund which can be freely used by regional government to operational expenditure and capital expenditure. Technique of data collection was conducted by using documentation and in depth interview with echelon III and IV of revenue, finance and asset department Maluku Province. The data was analyzed by using qualitative Method through interpretive approach. The results of the study revealed that the realization of the regional government budget, regional revenue in the regional government on average is smaller than the general allocation fund to regional expenditure, so that it happens a flypaper effect on regional finance. The solution from the regional government is to reduce the gap in the occurrence of flypaper effects by conducting supervision and management to increase regional income from regional taxes, regional levies, and revenue from natural resources and other legitimate revenues. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terjadi dan tidaknya Flypaper Effect pada pemerintah daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Maluku. Salah satu dana transfer adalah dana alokasi umum yang dapat secara bebas digunakan oleh pemerintah daerah baik untuk belanja operasional maupun belanja modal. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan pimpinan dan Pejabat Eselon III dan IV Badan Pendapatan, Pengelolaan Keuangan, dan Aset Derah Provinsi Maluku. Hasil pengumpulan data dianalisis dengan metode kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan interpretif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa realisasi anggaran dan pendapatan belanja daerah, pendapatan asli daerah di pemerintah daerah secara rata-rata lebih kecil dari dana alokasi umum terhadap belanja daerah, sehingga terjadinya flypaper effect pada keuangan daerah. Adapun solusi dari pemerintah daerah untuk mengurangi kesenjangan terjadinya flypaper effect dengan melakukan pengawasan dan pengelolaan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan daerah baik dari pajak daerah, retribusi daerah, dan pendapatan sumber kekayaan alam serta pendapatan lain yang sah.
Delta antigen positive chronic liver disease in Greece: clinical aspects and natural course.

: Chronic delta infection occurs in Greece in about 10 to 15% of HBsAg+ subjects, being largely unrelated to parenteral transmission and/or to drug addiction. The observed cases exhibited histological changes ranging from chronic persistent hepatitis to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis. The male/female ratio of patients with delta Ag + CLD was 3.8:1 and their mean age 40 years. They were younger compared to delta Ag-/HBsAg+ CLD and they presented with a wide spectrum of symptoms and signs. About 25% of the patients were oligosymptomatic or asymptomatic and about 40% manifested their disease as an episode of acute hepatitis with protracted or relapsing course followed by chronicity. Biochemical changes appeared to be more severe than in delta Ag-/HBsAg + CLD. The natural history was frequently characterised by a progressive course, terminating, in about 15 years, to death from cirrhosis and liver failure, although remissions occasionally occurred. HCC also developed but probably less frequently than in HBsAg positive, delta Ag negative CLD. Whether the natural course of delta Ag+ CLD can be modified by any form of treatment remains to be proved.
Financial Intermediation, Costly Information Production, and Small Industry Growth

ABSTRACT This paper studies the mechanism of financial intermediaries' information production and its impact on industry-level growth, especially its difference between industries that differ in the technological composition of small firms. We build a growth model in which (i) both loan contracts and production of information on borrowing firms' productivities are endogenously determined, and (ii) the smaller firm's productivity is more costly to assess. Analytic results show that the smaller firm's innately greater degree of informational opaqueness hinders its growth, especially in the early stage of a country's financial development. We provide some evidence supporting the key mechanism.
An Empirical Investigation on associated linkage between Human Development and ICT: A South Asian Perspective

In the wake of industrial revolution in the late 18th and 19th centuries, technology as a seminal force has impacted everything and its effects are much more beyond the pertinent human comprehension. Most of the studies use per capita GDP as a measure to map the economic well-being of any nation but it is a narrower indicator. Human development could be considered to be the key that acts as a binding force to absorb the technological driven advancements. Taking this perspective, we contemplate the emergent prerequisite of finding the association between human capital development and information & communication technology (ICT) framework. The current study attempts to analyze how advancement in ICT could promote human capital development with special reference to South Asian Region (SAR) over the period 2000-16 by employing panel fixed effects modeling. Where, social human capital is proxied by the Human Development Index (HDI) and the the ICT penetration is measured by the parameters like technological readiness, mobile cellular subscriptions, and internet penetration. This is supplemented by other key macroeconomic control variables like population growth, urbanization sprawl, etc. in order to obtain an umbrella view. In order to have an in-depth understanding, individual component level linkages of HDI such as per capita GDP, birth life expectancy and school enrollment rate with ICT and other macroeconomic demographic indicators are also tested separately.The empirical analysis results hint towards the strong positive associations of internet penetration, technological readiness, and mobile usage with the human development index. The overall results are found to be in sync with the key findings. Therefore, the study recommends a cohesive ecosystem that could amalgamate technological space with HDI in the contemporary framework. The study further concludes with the key policy implications.
The Randomized Controlled Trial of TCM Pulmonary Rehabilitation Exercise on COPD Patients Pulmonary Function and Acute Exacerbation Rate

Objective: To observe the effect of TCM pulmonary rehabilitation exercise on PF(pulmonary function) and Acute Exacerbation Rate of COPD patients within one year.Methods: Patients were randomly divided into rehabilitation group and control group.Both groups were treated with western routine therapy,while the rehabilitation group were given extra 'Six Letters Formula' practice.PF,actue attack rate,acute attack times and acute exacerbation attack rate of both grouos were observed.Result: There were no significant differences in PF between both group while the acute attack rate,acute attack times and acute exacerbation attack rate of rehabilitation group were superior to those of control group.Conclusion: TCM pulmonary rehabilitation exercise may reduce the rate and degree of AECOPD.
Safe rates and unpaid labour: Non-driving pay and truck driver work hours

In the trucking industry, truck drivers’ duties include not only driving trucks but also non-driving labor. However, non-driving work is not necessarily paid. This article analyses how the payment for non-driving duties (non-driving pay) affects truck drivers’ work hours. Using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Long-Haul Truck Driver survey, the study finds that remunerating drivers for non-driving duties decreases drivers’ work hours. Drivers who are paid for their non-driving labor may reach their target earnings in fewer work hours, leading them to refrain from working extremely long hours and more willingly comply with working time regulations. The policy implication is that paying for non-driving labor can prevent drivers from working excessively long hours, mitigating fatigue, and consequent accidents. Thus, pay for non-driving labor may enhance their safety and health. JEL Codes: J33, J28, J31
The effect of administrative form and stability on cities’ use of greenhouse gas emissions inventories as a basis for mitigation

ABSTRACT Sparked by their emergence as innovative climate policy leaders, cities’ decisions to engage in greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation planning have been the subject of extensive examination over the last decade. The impact that these planning and subsequent local policy actions have on addressing actual emissions, however, remains under-explored and even less is known about the conditions under which cities’ climate planning efforts result in meaningful mitigation. Data limitations, specifically the sporadic and unstandardized accounting of local GHG emissions, underlie the minimal empirical attention given to understanding cities’ climate policy outcomes. To circumvent these data challenges, we quantify the impact of local efforts through expert evaluation. We utilize nation-wide survey data collected from U.S. cities in 2010 and 2015 to empirically assess how community and city government characteristics influence the extent to which cities’ climate planning efforts serve as the basis for emissions reductions. The results suggest that the dynamics shaping cities’ decisions to complete an inventory are different from those that influence whether it is used as a basis for emissions reductions. Results also point to the positive effect of regular inventory updates and to the importance of stability in the administrative leadership of sustainability in a city’s government.