Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of the apolipoprotein E genotype on response to personalized dietary advice intervention: findings from the Food4Me randomized controlled trial1

Background: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) risk allele (e4) is associated with higher total cholesterol (TC), amplified response to saturated fatty acid (SFA) reduction, and increased cardiovascular disease. Although knowledge of gene risk may enhance dietary change, it is unclear whether e4 carriers would benefit from gene-based personalized nutrition (PN). Objectives: The aims of this study were to 1) investigate interactions between APOE genotype and habitual dietary fat intake and modulations of fat intake on metabolic outcomes; 2) determine whether gene-based PN results in greater dietary change than do standard dietary advice (level 0) and nongene-based PN (levels 1–2); and 3) assess the impact of knowledge of APOE risk (risk: E4+, nonrisk: E42) on dietary change after gene-based PN (level 3). Design: Individuals (n = 1466) recruited into the Food4Me panEuropean PN dietary intervention study were randomly assigned to 4 treatment arms and genotyped for APOE (rs429358 and rs7412). Diet and dried blood spot TC and v-3 (n–3) index were determined at baseline and after a 6-mo intervention. Data were analyzed with the use of adjusted general linear models. Results: Significantly higher TC concentrations were observed in E4+ participants than in E42 (P , 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in APOE response to gene-based PN (E4+ compared with E42), both groups had a greater reduction in SFA (percentage of total energy) intake than at level 0 (mean6 SD: E4+, 20.72% 6 0.35% compared with 21.95% 6 0.45%, P = 0.035; E42, 20.31% 6 0.20% compared with 21.68% 6 0.35%, P = 0.029). Gene-based PN was associated with a smaller reduction in SFA intake than in nongene-based PN (level 2) for E42 participants (21.68% 6 0.35% compared with 22.56% 6 0.27%, P = 0.025). Conclusions: The APOE e4 allele was associated with higher TC. Although gene-based PN targeted to APOE was more effective in reducing SFA intake than standard dietary advice, there was no difference between APOE “risk” and “nonrisk” groups. Furthermore, disclosure of APOE nonrisk may have weakened dietary response to PN. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104:827–36.
A new therian mammal from the Rhaetic locality of Saint‐Nicolas‐de‐Port (France)

In this paper a new taxon of Kuehneotheriidae is described and diagnosed, mainly by comparison with the genus Kuehneotherium. By its greater age and its more primitive evolutionary state, Woutersia mirabilis gen. et sp. nov. is a particularly interesting element of the fauna and enlarges the concept of the Kuehneotheriidae. Dans cet article est dAecrit et defini un nouveau taxon de Kuehneotheriides, Woutersia mirabilis gen. et sp. nov., par comparaison avec Kuehneotherium. Son âge plus ancien et son stade devolution considere comme plus primitif en font un element particulierement interessant, qui elargit en outre le concept des Kuehneotheriides.
Effects of nutrients on the primary production and determination of the restricting factors in primary production in the international wetland of Choghakhor (Iran)

Limitations in nutrients and physicochemical parameters play a key role in aquatic ecosystems. The present study aimed to determine the influential physicochemical factors in the chlorophyll-a content for wetland management by identifying the restricting factors in primary production. Sampling was conducted during March 2017-February 2018. Factors such as water salinity, temperature, pH, nitrate and phosphate concentrations, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, and dissolved oxygen were measured in triplicate at each station. In addition, the trophic state index (TSI) was used to determine the trophic state of the wetland. No significant difference was observed in chlorophyll-a contents in different seasons (P>0.05), with the highest values reported in spring and autumn, and the lowest values reported in summer. The maximum and minimum chlorophyll-a content were observed in stations A and C, respectively. Station A had a significantly higher value compared to the other stations (P 0.05). The highest (5.9 mg/l) and lowest water nitrate levels (4.1 mg/l) were observed in spring and autumn, respectively (mean nitrate level: 4.84 mg/l). The highest (2.1 mg/l) and lowest water phosphate levels (0.47 mg/l) were observed in spring and autumn, respectively (mean nitrate level: 1.04 mg/l). Moreover, TSI indicated that the wetland is oligotrophic in spring and winter, while it is mesotrophic in summer and autumn. Overall, the nitrate level in water was the main restricting factor in the management of Choghakhor wetland.
Population variables and causes of mortality in a hedgehog (Erinaceous europaeus) population in southern Sweden

A hedgehog population in southern Sweden was studied by capture-mark-recapture during 1972–1979. Each animal was weighed, sexed and marked with one numbered clip in each ear. The number of subadult and adult hedgehogs was about 20 in the first two years, 1972–1973. Numbers then increased and approximately doubled and the population peaked in 1978. A decrease came in 1979. The estimated number of juveniles produced varied between years with the lowest figure (15 juv.) in 1974 when the population was low and the highest in 1977 (39 juv.) when the population was high. As no captured subadult female had suckled young, estimates of recruitment rate assumed that females did not reproduce until they were adult. The average number of juveniles per adult female was 2.8. Recruitment rate did not show any correlation with non-juvenile population densities. For both juveniles and non-juveniles the annual mortality varied greatly between years. Average yearly mortality was 47% for non-juveniles and 34% for juveniles. For non-juveniles, most of the total mortality occurred during winter, ranging between 26% and 43% (average 33%), and increased with increasing densities of non juveniles. Juvenile winter mortality varied between 6% and 94%, averaging 33%. Summer mortality of non-juveniles averaged 15%, ranging between 3% and 22%. Traffic kills were the predominant cause of death. Only a few juveniles were found dead during summer and autumn. There were no statistical differences in age-specific survival rate between males and females and, generally, no differences in survival rate between the age categories within each sex. It is argued that the population size appears to be more influenced by environmental factors, such as food availability, winter nest sites and winter climate, than by density-dependent factors.
Plant population processes in the course of forest succession in abandoned meadows. I. Variability and diversity of floristic compositions, and biological mechanisms of species turnover

Within Bialowieza Forest the studies on the rate and nature of changes in meadow vegetation on the sites no longer mown were conducted for 15 years (1974-1988). The successional processes were analysed at various organizational levels by applying hierarchi­cal system of study areas, varying in size (Figs. 1, 2). Changes in plant landscape were studied on 15 ha, those in phytocoenoses - 4 × 1 ha, populations - 24 × 200 ml, and those in the individual development - 6 × 25 m 2 . Forest re-colonized abandoned meadows at a various rate through: a) gradual transformation of meadow phytocoenoses into tall­herb, and later brushwood communities, which went on for c. 15 years; b) formation of the mosaic of monospecific aggregations of a few, among 124, components of meadow communities, such aggregations persisted for 5-15 years; c) the development of tree biogroups (forest outpost) directly in the meadow sod. This diversity resulted from the habitat heterogeneity (microrelief, water level) and variety of colonization strategies among the species present prior to the succession. They vary in their role in the successional process and can: I) stimulate the changes in the structure of meadow phytocoenoses and lead to the formation of new communities (promotors), 2) limit species turnover due to their long-lived aggregations (inhibitors), 3) play no crucial role in the vegetation transformation (indifferents).
Semeval-2007 Task 2 : Evaluating Word Sense Induction and Discrimination

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a key enabling-technology. Supervised WSD techniques are the best performing in public evaluations, but need large amounts of hand-tagging data. Existing hand-annotated corpora like SemCor (Miller et al., 1993), which is annotated with WordNet senses (Fellbaum, 1998) allow for a small improvement over the simple most frequent sense heuristic, as attested in the all-words track of the last Senseval competition (Snyder and Palmer, 2004). In theory, larger amounts of training data (SemCor has approx. 500M words) would improve the performance of supervised WSD, but no current project exists to provide such an expensive resource. Another problem of the supervised approach is that the inventory and distribution of senses changes dramatically from one domain to the other, requiring additional hand-tagging of corpora (Martı́nez and Agirre, 2000; Koeling et al., 2005). Supervised WSD is based on the “fixed-list of senses” paradigm, where the senses for a target word are a closed list coming from a dictionary or lexicon. Lexicographers and semanticists have long warned about the problems of such an approach, where senses are listed separately as discrete entities, and have argued in favor of more complex representations, where, for instance, senses are dense regions in a continuum (Cruse, 2000). Unsupervised Word Sense Induction and Discrimination (WSID, also known as corpus-based unsupervised systems) has followed this line of thinking, and tries to induce word senses directly from the corpus. Typical WSID systems involve clustering techniques, which group together similar examples. Given a set of induced clusters (which represent word uses or senses1), each new occurrence of the target word will be compared to the clusters and the most similar cluster will be selected as its sense. One of the problems of unsupervised systems is that of managing to do a fair evaluation. Most of current unsupervised systems are evaluated in-house, with a brief comparison to a re-implementation of a former system, leading to a proliferation of unsupervised systems with little ground to compare among them. The goal of this task is to allow for comparison across sense-induction and discrimination systems, and also to compare these systems to other supervised and knowledge-based systems. The paper is organizes as follows. Section 2 presents the evaluation framework used in this task. Section 3 presents the systems that participated in the task, and the official results. Finally, Section 4 draws the conclusions.
Applicability of its Data in Roccellaceae (Arthoniales, Euascomycetes) Phylogeny

Abstract The ability of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS regions) of ribosomal DNA to resolve phylogenetic relationships within the euascomycetous order Arthoniales, focusing on the family Roccellaceae was investigated. The effect of alignment on phylogenetic hypotheses was evaluated. A data matrix from the ITS regions was constructed from 33 specimens representing 14 genera, including the outgroup Arthothelium spectabile. Six different alignments were analysed cladistically using parsimony jackknifing. Most groups in the six trees were congruent and well supported under the different alignment settings. In a conservative analysis, where only unambiguously alignable regions were included, the resolution was low. These results indicate that the ITS regions contain phylogenetic structure, and all information, including the variable regions, should be utilised. A data matrix from the SSU rDNA sequences was constructed for the same taxa. The SSU rDNA tree was less resolved than the ITS trees. There were only minor conflicts between the two sources of data and an incongruence test confirmed that the ITS and SSU rDNA data matrices were not significantly incongruent. The six differently aligned data matrices generated from the ITS regions were each combined with the SSUrDNA data. Simultaneous analysis of the combined data sets is the best approach as it uses all available evidence. As with the ITS trees, most groups in the combined trees were congruent and well supported. The SSU rDNA provided resolution within one clade, otherwise the ITS sequences provided most of the signal in the combined analysis, both at the basal nodes and at the tips of the tree. Molecular data clearly indicates that the fruticose/crustose habits have evolved multiple times even in comparatively small groups as in the family Roccellaceae and that the characters such as fruticose-crustose may be overemphasized in morphological analyses.
Review of Holsteinization on Intensive Pastoral Dairy Farming in New Zealand

During the last 20 yr, the percentage of Holstein Friesian (HF) cows in the New Zealand (NZ) herd with North American Holstein genetics has increased from 2 to 38%. The use of North American Holstein genetics was increased to broaden the genetic base of the HF population in NZ and to incorporate traits for high productivity. Analysis of the national database and several comparative studies have shown that, in general, North American-derived Holstein cows were heavier, produced more milk volume and protein yield, had lower concentrations of fat and protein, and had poorer fertility and survival than NZ HF cows. Failure to get in calf and maintain a 365-d calving interval appears to be one of the key reasons for the reduced survival of North American Holstein cows within a seasonal dairying system. Analysis of the productive, reproductive, and survival characteristics of North American Holstein and NZ HF cows revealed an average advantage of $NZ 4950 per farm per year in favor of NZ HF cows, which represented approximately a 12% difference in economic farm surplus. If the population of Holstein genetics outside New Zealand is to be used in NZ pastoral dairying systems, these results suggest that fertility traits should be included in the national breeding objectives.
Biology ofPlesionika narval(Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae) Around the Canary Islands (Eastern Central Atlantic)

Abstract The biology ofPlesionika narval(Fabricius, 1787) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae) around the Canary Islands (Eastern Central Atlantic) was studied, based on a total of 41 679 shrimps of size range 2–30 mm carapace length (CL) collected over a 20-year period. This species carries out seasonal migrations; shrimps concentrate in deep waters in the autumn, move to shallower waters during winter and spring, and return to deep waters in summer. The growth parameters of males wereL0nfin;=29·47 mm CL andk=0·54 year−1, and of females wereL0nfin;=31·90 mm CL andk=0·66 year−1, with size generally increasing gradually with depth. Carapace length/wet weight relationships showed negative allometry. Ovigerous females occur year round but a spawning peak was determined from April to June when the population is found in shallower waters (26–175 m). Ovigerous females decrease in number as the depth increases. The size at maturity in females was 11·96 mm CL. The study of the sex ratio by depth and the seasonal migrations, as well as the sex differences in growth, confirm that this species conforms to the reproductive pattern of tropical pandalids, in which dioecy occurs.
Utilization of clover diets by sheep. 2. Intake, digestion and utilization of nitrogen and sulfur

Nine mature Merino wethers were fed three clover diets at 95% of previously measured intake under steady state conditions. The diets were mature subterranean clover (MSC), green subterranean clover (GSC) and persian clover (PC). The utilization of dietary N and S was studied for each feed.The ratios of digestible organic matter (DOM) to crude protein (CP) in the diets ranged from 3.9 to 5.5 : 1. The flow of microbial crude protein (MCP) from the abomasum was only 34 g day-1 in sheep given MSC compared to 77 g day-1 for GSC and 85 g day-1 for PC. However, the calculated efficiencies of MCP synthesis were 230-250 g MCP per kg OM apparently digested in the rumen for the three clovers. Despite the similar efficiencies of MCP synthesis, the ammonia-N (30 mg l-1) and sulfide-S (220 8g l-1) concentrations in the rumen of sheep fed MSC were low. The concentrations for the the other clovers were ammonia-N 90-110 mg l-1 and sulfide-S 730-1770 8g l-1. The amount of CP apparently digested in the intestines (DCPi) was only 31 g day-1 in sheep given MSC compared to 100 g day-1 and 81 g-1 in those fed GSC and PC, respectively. While this indicates that protein insufficiency in the tissues may have limited the intake of MSC, the DCPi values per unit of DOM intake were 150,210 and 150 g kg DOM-1 for MSC, GSC and PC, respectively. Sheep excreted more N and S (% of intake) in faeces when given MSC compared to GSC or PC.The sheep were in positive apparent balance for N and S when fed GSC or PC, but were mobilizing these nutrients from tissues at the low intakes of DOM, N and S with MSC. The wool growth rates and amounts of N and S incorporated into wool when MSC was fed were about half the other two feeds.These results are discussed in relation to other work on the utilization of N and S by sheep and likely effects of this on the intake of the feeds.
Comparative size and composition of yield from six Fijian reef fisheries

The size and composition of finfish yield from six Fijian reef fisheries was determined using catch records from a voluntary logbook scheme. A total of 172 logbooks were issued for 30-day periods in October 1992 and February and June 1993 and they provided information on 1369 fishing trips. Catch records were weighted, using the results of contemporaneous fishing activity and fleet size surveys, to provide yield estimates for each fishing ground (qoliqoli). Yield from all qoliqoli was dominated by Serranidae and Lethrinidae which were favoured for consumption and sale. Yields were expressed on the basis of reef area for fish from different trophic groups. Macroinvertebrate-feeders and piscivores accounted for more than half the yield in all qoliqoli and there were significant differences in area specific yield between qoliqoli. There was no evidence of fishers adopting more powerful fishing techniques or catching fish from lower trophic levels in order to maintain yield from any qoliqoli. This suggested that the fisheries examined were all capable of sustaining the reported yields of up to 3.4 tonne km−2qoliqoli year −1 or 10.2 tonne km−2 coral reef year −1 and that in sites where yields were less they might be increased sustainably.
Evaluation of three methods for predicting diameter distributions of black spruce (Picea mariana) plantations in central Canada

The direct parameter prediction method (PPM), moment-based parameter recovery method (PRM), and percentile-based parameter recovery method (PCT) for estimating the parameters of the three-parameter Weibull proba- bility density function were evaluated for their applicability in predicting the diameter distribution of unthinned black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) plantations. Employing diameter frequency data derived from 267 permanent sample plots situated throughout central Canada, fit (n = 214) and validation (n = 53) data sets were created. Using stepwise re- gression analyses in combination with seemingly unrelated regression techniques, the three methods were calibrated using commonly measured prediction variables (stand age, dominant height, site index, and stand density). Results indicated that, although all three methods were successful in predicting the diameter frequency distributions within the sample stands, the PCT was superior in terms of prediction error. Specifically, the PCT had the lowest mean error index (80.98), followed by the PRM (82.73) and the PPM (83.98). Consequently, among the three methods assessed, the PCT was considered the most suitable for describing unimodal diameter distributions via the three-parameter Weibull proba- bility density function within unthinned black spruce plantations. Resume : La methode de prediction directe des parametres (PDP), la methode de recuperation des parametres basee sur les moments (RPM) et la methode de recuperation des parametres basee sur les percentiles (RPP), utilisees pour es- timer les trois parametres de la fonction de densite de probabilite de Weibull, ont ete evaluees pour leur applicabilite a predire la distribution diametrale des plantations non eclaircies d'epinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). Les donnees d'ajustement (n = 214) et de validation (n = 53) de la distribution diametrale ont ete constituees a partir des donnees de distribution diametrale de 267 placettes-echantillons permanentes etablies partout dans le centre du Canada. Les trois methodes ont ete calibrees en utilisant les variables explicatives communement mesurees (âge du peuplement, hauteur dominante, indice de qualite de station et densite du peuplement) et en faisant appel a l'analyse de regression par degres combinee a des techniques de regression sans correlation apparente. Les resultats indiquent que les trois me- thodes ont toutes reussi a predire la distribution diametrale dans les peuplements echantillonnes, mais qu'avec le plus faible indice de l'erreur moyenne, soit 80,98, la methode RPP est superieure aux methodes RPM et PDP qui ont des indices de l'erreur moyenne respectifs de 82,73 et 83,98. Par consequent, la methode RPP est consideree comme la plus appropriee des trois methodes evaluees pour estimer les trois parametres de la fonction de Weibull en vue de de- crire les distributions unimodales des diametres dans les plantations non eclaircies d'epinette noire.
Persistence of defaunation effects on digestion and methane production in ewes

The effect of defaunation on feed digestion and on methane production of ewes was determined 10 and 25 weeks after defaunation. When fed a lucerne diet (800 g/day), the absence of protozoa did not change the apparent digestibility of dry matter, excretion of macro-minerals, or methane production 10 or 25 weeks post-treatment. Defaunation did, however, increase microbial protein flow by 22% (estimated from allantoin excretion) and the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate in the rumen, while decreasing excretion of copper and manganese. The fermentation data contrasts with previous studies that found defaunation reduced methanogenesis and rumen acetate proportions, but supports the hypothesis that a reduction in rumen acetate percentage is required to achieve reduced methanogenesis through defaunation.
Role of the crayfish Cherax destructor clark as food for trout in Lake Eucumbene, New South Wales

The freshwater crayfish C. destructor was a major dietary item for brown trout, Salmo trutta L. , and rainbow trout, S. gairdneri Richardson, in Lake Eucumbene, New South Wales. The incidence of crayfish in the diet increased, particularly in brown trout, over the period 1972-1977. The proportion of the trout's diet comprising C. destructor increased with length of brown trout but not with length of rainbow trout. The size of crayfish ingested was postively correlated with fish length for both species of trout, although rainbow trout tended to ingest smaller crayfish than brown trout of equivalent size. Analysis of the crayfish's diet revealed predominantly plant material. Spawning by the crayfish was apparently confined to the period December-April. The abundance of C. destructor in Lake Eucumbene was apparently low until about 1970 but increased between 1972-1977. A decline in the average size of brown and rainbow trout in the angler catch occurred from 1959-1960 until 1977-1978. Hypotheses are suggested for the increase of the crayfish population since impoundment of the lake (1957). Factors considered include predation by trout and the biology of the crayfish, particularly related to its occurrence in this lake, which has fluctuating water levels and a short season suitable for growth and spawning.