Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Android Malware Detection Method Based on CNN Mixed-Data Model

The paper proposes an Android malware detection method based on convolutional neural network mixed-data model. This data are presented by API method calls and a set of permissions for the Android app. Word2vec technology was used to represent API calls in a vector space, which creates semantically similar feature vectors for related API calls. To represent a set of permissions, each unique permission is encoded as a binary feature that determines the presence / absence of permission in the input sequence. Obtained sequence is then broken down into nibbles and the code “8421” is applied with further normalization of the result. Both types of vectorized data are the inputs to the convolutional neural network. The architecture of the proposed neural network consists of two separate parallel convolutional branches, each of which processes its own type of data, and the fully connected layers. The structure of both branches is the same, which involves placing in each branch two consecutive layers of convolution, where the first layer maps the simple features that will be used by the second layer to represent higher level behavioral patterns. After the convolution layers, there is a pooling layer placed to reduce the dimension of the data. The outputs from both branches of the network are combined to form the input for fully connected layers, which determine the probabilities of belonging suspicious app to one of the classes – malware or benign.
Food plants and foraging distances for the native bee Lasioglossum sordidum in Christchurch Botanic Gardens

With concerns about declines in pollinating bee species worldwide, there is renewed interest in solitary native bee species and their role in pollination services. We studied the foraging preferences and foraging distances of Lasioglossum sordidum (Halictidae), New Zealand’s smallest solitary bee, in urban Christchurch. Lasioglossum sordidum were abundant within the Christchurch Botanic Gardens. Pollen samples taken from 40 bees at each of two nest sites were identified using a pollen reference collection from the sites. Bees were collecting pollen from both native and exotic plants. In total, pollen from 23 different plant taxa was found, but 96% came from five taxa: Asteraceae (65%), Hebe spp. (16%), Aesculus spp. (8%), Yucca baccata (3%) and Taraxacum officinale (3%). Individual bees usually specialised in a few pollen types, with 74% of bees having >90% of a single pollen type and a mean of 2.6 pollen types per bee. The minimum flight distances to the nearest sources of each pollen type were typically 70–250 m. These easily overlooked bees may be assisting more in general pollination services given the diversity of plant taxa from which the bees were collecting pollen, the variation from bee to bee in the plant taxa collected, and the sometimes considerable minimum foraging distances exhibited.
Thermodynamic Formalism in Neuronal Dynamics and Spike Train Statistics

The Thermodynamic Formalism provides a rigorous mathematical framework for studying quantitative and qualitative aspects of dynamical systems. At its core, there is a variational principle that corresponds, in its simplest form, to the Maximum Entropy principle. It is used as a statistical inference procedure to represent, by specific probability measures (Gibbs measures), the collective behaviour of complex systems. This framework has found applications in different domains of science. In particular, it has been fruitful and influential in neurosciences. In this article, we review how the Thermodynamic Formalism can be exploited in the field of theoretical neuroscience, as a conceptual and operational tool, in order to link the dynamics of interacting neurons and the statistics of action potentials from either experimental data or mathematical models. We comment on perspectives and open problems in theoretical neuroscience that could be addressed within this formalism.
The prehistory and early history of the Šumava Mountains (Czech Republic) as seen through anthropogenic pollen indicators and charcoal data

In the lower forested mountain ranges of Europe, human impact on nature is usually confined to the written history of the Middle Ages. Our research in the Šumava mountains aims to specify the nature and intensity of human impact on vegetation, especially during agricultural prehistory. We use results from a multidisciplinary study of the unique La Tène archaeological site in the Sklářské Valley (elevation 802 m a.s.l.) and from a pollen and charcoal record 60 m away. With knowledge of this reference site we focus on the meaning of anthropogenic pollen indicators in 13 other pollen sites from central Šumava. From ca 3300 cal yr BP we detect an increase in NAP, Betula, Pinus and secondary anthropogenic indicators in pollen records – vegetation changes of anthropogenic origin. Charcoal records show a significant peak around 3200 cal yr BP. We found weak anthropogenic influence on the La Tène archaeological site in the Sklářské Valley, and much stronger anthropogenic pollen signals at other pollen sites dated to the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. Some of these sites are situated on trade routes which have been known since Medieval times but which most likely have much older origins. During prehistory, pollen data reveal no specific human activity such as pasturing or arable farming but reflect small-scale disturbances that supported growth of Betula and Pinus and an abundance of herbs. Such human impact could be connected primarily to activities along trade routes and to hunting, but other factors cannot be excluded.
What Kinds of Support Do Novice Consultants Request and Receive? A Constructivist Grounded Theory Investigation

Research indicates the need for better training for consultants working in culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) schools. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, this study investigated the use of the Consultation Peer Feedback Process (CPFP) as a tool for developing skills and perspectives among consultants. This study analyzed the types of feedback requested by consultants-in-training (CITs) and their peer-identified strengths and feedback. A coding lexicon and themes were identified to understand the needs of CITs when requesting and receiving feedback. This led to a constructivist grounded theory that describes how CITs learn to consult with cases in CLD schools. Detailed analyses of 42 CPFP Summaries indicated that the strength-based nature of the CPFP supported CITs in areas where they requested support, provided encouragement and specific feedback, and expanded CITs’ exposure to cases and issues beyond their immediate setting and perspectives. Implications for research and training consultants are discussed. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 21 January 2020 Revised 13 August 2020 Accepted 21 August 2020
Concrete Cracks Detection Using Convolutional NeuralNetwork Based on Transfer Learning

Crack plays a critical role in the field of evaluating the quality of concrete structures, which affects the safety, applicability, and durability of the structure. Due to its excellent performance in image processing, the convolutional neural network is becoming the mainstream choice to replace manual crack detection. In this paper, we improve the EfficientNetB0 to realize the detection of concrete surface cracks using the transfer learning method. The model is designed by neural architecture search technology. The weights are pretrained on the ImageNet. Supervised learning uses Adam optimizer to update network parameters. In the testing process, crack images from different locations were used to further test the generalization capability of the model. By comparing the detection results with the MobileNetV2, DenseNet201, and InceptionV3 models, the results show that our model greatly reduces the number of parameters while achieving high accuracy (0.9911) and has good generalization capability. Our model is an efficient detection model, which provides a new option for crack detection in areas with limited computing resources.
The Cervical Plexus: An Evolution Shift in the Accessory Innervation Theory

Published online: 13 July 2017 DOI: 10.5152/eej.2017. 17002 The cervical plexus (CP) has haunted clinicians and scientists for several years. Anatomists, general dentists, endodontists, periodontists, neurologists, pain physicians, anaesthesiologists, researchers and a variety of surgeons have been frustrated by the cranial nerves “accessory innervation” (AI) from the CP. Indeed, AI by the CP likely contributes not only to failed dental anaesthesia in the adult posterior mandible but also to a vast array of unusual head and neck clinical presentations, pain syndromes and postoperative complications. It is certainly disconcerting to fail to induce profound anaesthesia when a patient is in the chair expecting a painless procedure. From an estimated 300 million anaesthetic cartridges used annually in the US alone, anaesthetic fails in 13% (n=39 million) injections overall, with 88% (n=34.32 million) occurring with the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block (1). In endodontics, it has been reported that as much as 45% of IAN block fails, especially in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (1). The IAN block has the highest failure rate not only in dental local anaesthesia but also among all local anaesthetic blocks in medicine (2). Previous research illustrated several explanations for this, including the central core theory, lowered pH of inflamed tissues, nerve altered resting potentials, anaesthetic-resistant sodium channels, anaesthetic composition, recreational drugs, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and having red hair. Accessory mental nerves and mylohyoid nerve branches have also been implicated in anaesthetic failures (3).
Leaf-cutting ant nests and soil biota abundance in a semi-arid steppe of Northwestern Patagonia.

The availability of organic matter and the abundance of soil biota responsible for their decomposition and mineralization often limit vegetation growth. I examine whether leaf-cutting ant nests affect the abundance of soil micro-organisms in a semi-arid steppe of NW Patagonia. External refuse dumps from Acromyrmex lobicornis nests contained between 1-2 orders of magnitude more bacteria and fungi than adjacent, non-nest soils. Since these taxa are responsible for the major fraction of the mineralization occurring in soils, they may be responsible for the high nutrient content in ant refuse dumps documented in earlier works. Ant nest sites should be considered not only as hot spots of plant diversity and abundance, but also as a source of soil improvement biota.
Physicochemical, microbiological evaluation of probiotic milk beverages fortified with concentrated apple juice

The preparation of dairy beverages rich in probiotic microorganism and fortified with concentrated apple juice (CAJ) is the goal of this study. Culture (ABT-5) contained Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidium were used to prepare the dairy beverages. Sweetened cow milk which inoculated with cultures (0.1g/L of milk) was used as a control beverage sample (C). Samples were fortified with 8, 10 and 12% (w/w) CAJ to create treatments T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The chemical, microbial and sensory evaluation of samples were acheived fresh and during storage at 5±2oC. The results revealed that the pH values decreased, but the total solids, ash, water-soluble nitrogen (WSN), and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) contents increased as the level of CAJ increased. During the storage period ; the pH value also decreased, while WSN and TVFA in all dairy beverages increased. Fat contents showed slight increases between control and fortified samples, however, slight decrease was noticed in their values during storage period. The counts of St. thermophilus and Bifidbacterium bifidium in fortified samples were decreased as CAJ ratio increased and as storage period progressed, while the counts of L. acidophilus were increased as the ratio of CAJ increased; else, they decreased as storage period increased. Organoleptic properties of samples fortified with CAJ during 14 days of storage recorded obvious variations in all evaluated properties. The total acceptability indicated that T2 samples (10% CAJ) had the highest degrees and possessed favorite properties with probiotic and healthy behavior.
Distribution and flux of microcystin congeners in lake sediments

ABSTRACT Zastepa A, Pick FR, Blais JM. 2017. Distribution and flux of microcystin congeners in lake sediments. Lake Reserv Manage. 33:444–451. Sediment concentrations of microcystin congeners and exchange across the sediment–water interface were determined in Lake of the Woods, a large water body between Canada and the United States experiencing cyanobacterial blooms. Dated sediment cores were used to examine historical occurrence of microcystins and showed that microcystins were below detection prior to the 2000s. In more recent sediments the most abundant congeners were MC-LA and -LR with -RR, -YR, -7dmLR, -WR, -LF, -LY, and -LW also present. MC-LA and -LR were also distributed in the pore waters whereas MC-RR and -YR were more strongly adsorbed to sediment particles. Sediment burial rates for MC-LA and -LR were determined from the product of the microcystin concentration on sediment particles (ng/g dw) and the burial rate (based on 210Pb radiochronology [g/m2/d]). Diffusion from sediments was estimated from the concentration gradient between pore water of surficial sediments and overlying water using Fick's first law. Overall, burial rates were low across sites (2.6 to 298.1 ng/m2/d) when compared to diffusion of microcystins from sediments to overlying water (303.1 to 1078.0 ng/m2/d) suggesting that sediments can be a source of microcystins to the water column. However, the relatively high diffusive flux may be short term and the result of a temporal disconnect between water column productivity and sediment processes. The higher diffusion fluxes and lower burial rates of MC-LA compared to MC-LR point to differences in environmental fate. Given that microcystin congeners vary in their toxicity, these results highlight the need for congener-specific measurements of environmental fate and persistence.
Comparison of the TAS3 genes coding for trans-acting small interfering RNA in Araceae

Trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs) are a plant specific class of endogenous siRNAs that function as posttranscriptional negative regulators. Like miRNAs, tasiRNAs have been found to regulate gene expression in plants including the seed plants and moss lineages (reviewed in Baulcombe, 2004; Allen and Howell, 2010; Axtell, 2013; Martínez de Alba et COMPARISON OF THE TAS3 GENES CODING FOR TRANSACTING SMALL INTERFERING RNA IN ARACEAE
A Supplier Selection Model for Textile and Apparel Companies: An Analytic Network Process Approach

The purpose of this study is to help textile and apparel (T&A) companies select their best suppliers by using a suitable Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) method. From then, a managerial and theoretical implications are made to adjust the set of criteria to make it more effective and the selection method for T&A companies. In order to do that, first, the literature on supplier selection criteria was reviewed to determine necessary criteria for T&A industry. Next, an appropriate methodology was proposed to build up a selection model. Then, the proposed approach was implemented in three particular companies in the industry. Finally, discussion on managerial and theoretical aspects of the MCDM and the set of supplier selection was made. The findings will be a good contribution to the selection process of T&A companies as they can utilize these criteria to select capable suppliers.
An Emotive Operation of Neoliberalism in Higher Education: Seeking a Second Chance in Hong Kong

Objective: Educational expansion as a policy is believed to address the issue of the youth’s blocked social mobility. But, the argument that the transition to university is emotionally straining in a deindustrialized neoliberal context suggests an emotive aspect of neoliberalism in higher education. This article seeks to offer an illustration of such an emotive operation of neoliberalism through examining the emotional struggles of community-college students in Hong Kong. Method: This study draws on two qualitative analyses based on data collected from 83 community-college students in Hong Kong pursuing a bachelor’s degree through a newly available transfer function of an associate degree. Results: Given an emphasis of neoliberalism on individualism and competition, the respondents showed the following negative emotions: perverse feelings of inferiority about the new option, stress about the competitiveness of this pursuit and strategic/calculating in organizing their learning and dealing with their classmates, and anxiety of being seen as inadequate despite their successful transferals. Contributions: The emotional struggles of the respondents suggest that in view of a lack of well-paid prestigious professional or managerial jobs in a deindustrialized capitalist context, educational expansion as a policy—expanding the sector of community college in particular—wrapped up in a neoliberal discourse is not merely giving the youth a false hope but inflicting on them unnecessarily strained emotions. This suggestion urges policy makers to rethink the effectiveness of adopting an educational policy with a neoliberal approach to address an economic issue.
Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Fusion in Patients with Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) is challenging with respect to both patient selection and choice of surgical procedure. Objective: To determine the age of patients with degenerative cervical disc disease undergoing surgery, to determine the clinical and radiological findings of degenerative cervical disc disease, and to find out the rate of success for relieving pain and radiculopathy. Patients and Methods: This is a clinical prospective study of 50 patients (case series of patients with chronic degenerative cervical disease) operated on from October 2015 to October 2018. Their ages ranged from 48-78 years, they were treated with anterior cervical discectomy with fusion, and fusion was achieved with Polyether ether ketene (PEEK) cage. Follow up using visual analog scale (VAS), out of 10 scores, was done for at least one year after the operation (at six months, nine months and one year postoperatively) for both neck pain and shoulder pain (radicular pain). Results: The mean age + SD was 63.8 + 8.4 years, 54% of the patients were females, 92% of the patients had single level ACDF, and 8% had multiple levels ACDF. The most common presentation in both genders was pain & radiculopathy (56%), followed by radiculopathy (28%), and less common presentation was pain alone (16%). The patient who has short history of the symptom (less than 6 months) gave good postoperative results and showed improvement in the symptom, 64% of the patients improved and 4% of them had no change.In the 2 nd group (the symptom more than 6 months): 10 patients improved out of 16 (62.5%), four of them had no change and two of them deteriorated & re-operated for adjacent level. Conclusion: ACDF is an effective treatment for pain & radiculopathy in selected patients with chronic degenerative cervical disease (CDCD) after one year of follow up.
Sensory and nutritional evaluation of biscuits Prepared from pearl millet (bajra)

The present study was undertaken with the objectives of evolving biscuits containing bajra to find out their acceptability and nutritive value. Biscuits were prepared by using whole wheat flour, bajra flour, sugar, ghee by substituting whole wheat flour with bajra flour. The different samples prepared were Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D and Type E in the ratios of (whole wheat flour:bajra flour) 100, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 100 respectively. The developed biscuits were sensory evaluated using nine point hedonic scale. Results showed that biscuit Type E was highly acceptable as scored (8.4±0.09) whereas biscuit Type B was least acceptable as scored (7.5±0.03). Highest energy, fat and iron were observed in Type E (1010 Kcal), (55 g) and (8 mg) respectively. Likewise fat, protein, carbohydrate, fibre and calcium were observed in Type B (68.3 g), (11.9 g), (118.5 g), (1.7 g) and (52.5 g) respectively. Biscuit (Type E) was most acceptable and analysed for proximate and mineral content along with standard biscuit (Type A). Result shows that biscuit prepared with bajra flour (Type E) was found to be high in carbohydrate (56.4 g), fat (23.2±0.1 g) and iron (9.4±0.2 mg) than standard biscuit (Type A). Thus replacement of traditional food like whole wheat flour with bajra flour for preparing biscuits is feasible and beneficial too and also were very well accepted.
Different Types of Childhood Experience with Mothers and Caregiving Outcomes in Adulthood.

Objective and Background The current study examines the types of childhood experiences with mothers (i.e., maternal abuse, affection, discipline) among caregivers of aging mothers, and investigates whether membership in specific latent classes, particularly maternal maltreatment, is associated with psychological functioning among caregivers. Method Using data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), we used the Bolck, Croon, and Hagenaars (BCH) approach of latent class analysis (LCA) to predict distal outcomes. Results We identified four latent classes (prevalence rate noted): "Affectionate and authoritative" (65%), "affectionate and permissive" (11%), "emotionally abusive and neglectful" (8%), and "emotionally/physically abusive and authoritative" (16%). Caregivers in the "emotionally/physically abusive and authoritative" class endorsed high probabilities of both maternal affection and abuse and were most negatively affected across the three psychological functioning outcomes (i.e., self-rated mental health, psychological distress, and psychological well-being). Conclusion and Implications In support of the life course perspective, our findings emphasized the importance of examining adult children caregivers' early life experiences with aging mothers and how those experiences can impact the psychological effects of caregiving. This study suggests specific practice implications; for example, assessment tools for evaluating caregiver burden should consider life course factors such as caregivers' childhood experiences with aging parents.