Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
T HE T ENNESSEE J OURNAL OF H ERPETOLOGY

—Lungless salamanders in family Plethodontidae rely on cutaneous respiration that influences habitat selection. Refuge from warm, dry microclimates on the Cumberland Plateau may be found in crevices within sandstone and limestone bluffs where plethodontids are frequently found. The objective of our study was to describe patterns of crevice occupancy by plethodontid salamanders on the southern Cumberland Plateau. We surveyed 6.5 km of bluff habitat and measured geographical and micro-environmental factors at capture and random locations. We found seven species of plethodontid salamanders using crevice habitats, but only three species were abundant enough for statistical analyses. Green salamander ( Aneides aeneus ) occupancy was poorly explained by most of our measured variables, although it was positively associated with warmer temperatures. Northern slimy salamander ( Plethodon glutinosus ) occupancy was primarily associated with cooler temperatures and the presence of water. Cave salamander ( Eurycea lucifuga ) occupancy was positively associated with forest cover. Lungless salamanders of the Cumberland Plateau may use crevice habitat facultatively as one mechanism to avoid warm and dry conditions in the summer.
Importance of Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia, for the endangered green peafowl: implications of co-occurrence near human use areas

The globally endangered green peafowl ( Pavo muticus ) has dramatically declined over recent decades. Deforestation, land-use modification, hunting and increasing encroachment levels continue to threaten remaining populations. Northern and eastern Cambodia represent one of the species’ remaining strongholds. However, only a few robust population estimates exist across this species’ range. We conducted distance-based point counts of vocalisations to estimate male green peafowl densities in the Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Cambodia. We surveyed a total of 80 listening post stations across two different management areas during the 2016 breeding season. Results indicate that the Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary supports the largest population of green peafowl in Cambodia, with an estimated population of 1,165 calling males. Male peafowl densities were higher in the outer survey area, closer to human settlements and agricultural farms, than the core survey area, with estimated densities of 1.08 males/km² and 0.56 males/km² respectively. Distances to rivers and villages also influenced green peafowl detection rates. Overall, these results highlight the global importance of the Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary for conserving green peafowl populations. However, this species also damages agricultural crops. Thus, future conservation initiatives need to incorporate a holistic approach that integrates the needs of people and wildlife co-existing in areas of shared resources. To achieve this, future interdisciplinary strategies should focus on wildlife-friendly agricultural approaches that will benefit landowners’ economic outputs whilst simultaneously promoting pro-conservation attitudes. At the same time, management approaches need to address wildlife hunting and the use of lethal mitigation measures within and around human use areas.
Earlier snowmelt reduces atmospheric carbon uptake in midlatitude subalpine forests

Previous work demonstrates conflicting evidence regarding the influence of snowmelt timing on forest net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Based on 15 years of eddy covariance measurements in Colorado, years with earlier snowmelt exhibited less net carbon uptake during the snow ablation period, which is a period of high potential for productivity. Earlier snowmelt aligned with colder periods of the seasonal air temperature cycle relative to later snowmelt. We found that the colder ablation‐period air temperatures during these early snowmelt years lead to reduced rates of daily NEE. Hence, earlier snowmelt associated with climate warming, counterintuitively, leads to colder atmospheric temperatures during the snow ablation period and concomitantly reduced rates of net carbon uptake. Using a multilinear‐regression (R2 = 0.79, P < 0.001) relating snow ablation period mean air temperature and peak snow water equivalent (SWE) to ablation‐period NEE, we predict that earlier snowmelt and decreased SWE may cause a 45% reduction in midcentury ablation‐period net carbon uptake.
JAK2, STAT3 Gene Polymorphisms in Turkish Patients with Behçet’s Disease

ÖZ Objective: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic, multisystemic inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology. T cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of BD. Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are intracellular signal transduction molecules that increase the risk of developing some autoimmune diseases. By modifying Th1 and Th17 responses, the JAK2 and STAT3 signaling pathways are believed to be effective in BD. This study aimed to determine whether BD in the Turkish population is related to JAK2 and STAT3 polymorphisms. Methods: A case-control study included a total of 197 patients with BD who were referred to the Ankara University Faculty of Medicine and 100 healthy individuals without a history of autoimmune disease or BD in their family or themselves. The genotypes of one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) (rs10974944) in JAK2 and one SNPs (rs2293152) in the STAT3 gene were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: The result of this investigation identified that in this disease, there was a significantly increased frequency of the CG genotype of the rs10974944 JAK2 in patients with BD compared with a control group (p=0.031, odds ratio [95% confidence interval: 0.392 (0.163-0.942)]. None of the tested SNPs (rs2293152) of STAT3 were associated with BD. Conclusion. This is the first investigation into JAK2 and STAT3 polymorphisms in Turkish patients with BD. These results suggest that a JAK2 genetic polymorphism may be associated with BD susceptibility.
Investigating Lifestyle Factors Affecting the Mental Health of the Elderly

Introduction: The problems associated with social, psychological, behavioral and biological factors represent a significant burden on the mental health of the elderly. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate factors that affect the mental health of older people such as work status, physical activity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, diet, the existence of chronic illness, and single residency. Methodology: The sample consisted of 103 individuals with an average age 70.2 years (SD = 6.6) who participated in this face-to-face survey, of which 58 were women and 45 men. The research tools used were: the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90) scale and a detailed socio-demographic data sheet. SPSS v25 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Elderly pensioners report a higher level of psychopathology than older workers, r (103) = 0.293 (p = 0.003). Older people who consume alcohol report a higher level of psychopathology than older people who do not consume alcohol, r(103) = 0.418 (p < 0.001). Elderly people who do not follow a healthy diet report a higher level of psychopathology than older people on a healthy diet, r(103) = 0.634 (p < 0.001). Elderly people who live alone report a higher level of psychopathology monotherapy with respect to the elderly not living alone, r(103) = -0.53 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: An improvement strategy in the area of the program for the promotion of the health of the elderly and health guidance from both the government and the non-government side would be of key benefit not just for these individuals but for society at large.
Local Efﬁcacy of Glutamate Uptake Decreases with Synapse Size

Synaptically released glutamate is largely cleared by glutamate transporters localized on perisynaptic astrocyte processes. Therefore, the substantial variability of astrocyte coverage of individual hippocampal synapses implies that the efﬁcacy of local glutamate uptake and thus the spatial ﬁdelity of synaptic transmission is synapse dependent. By visualization of sub-diffraction-limit perisynaptic astrocytic processes and adjacent postsynaptic spines, we show that, relative to their size, small spines display a stronger coverage by astroglial transporters than bigger neighboring spines. Similarly, glutamate transients evoked by synaptic stimulation are more sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of glutamate uptake at smaller spines, whose high-afﬁnity N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are better shielded from remotely released glutamate. At small spines, glutamate-induced and NMDAR-dependent Ca 2+ entry is also more strongly increased by uptake inhibition. These ﬁndings indicate that spine size inversely correlates with the
Effect of Cell Growth and Proliferation Factors (EGF/PDGF Signaling Pathway) on the Etiopathogenesis of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

ÖZ Objective: It is likely that the subgroups of the epidermal growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor (EGF/PDGF) signaling pathway play a role in the etiopathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study was planned to understand the molecular genetic level of apoptosis in IUGR. Method : The EGF/PDGF signaling pathway gene profile (40 genes) was investigated using a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The gene expressions of the IUGR group were compared both individually and as a group. Individual gene differences were also evaluated. The genes related to cell survival and growth, which include the gene groups of apoptosis, cell cycle, cell differentiation, cell growth, cell motility, and cell proliferation, were investigated using microarray technology. Results: Parity, gestational age at delivery, and APGAR scores at the first and fifth minutes were not significantly different between the IUGR and control groups. However, the women in the IUGR group were younger and slimmer. PRKCA was the only gene with a significant difference in expression between the IUGR and control groups. Nevertheless, individual differences were detected in gene expression associated with cell cycle, differentiation, growth, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. Conclusion: Variations in gene expression during pregnancy cause changes in placental and fetal development by affecting apoptosis and cellular events at different levels. The genetic causes of IUGR can be revealed by investigating these metabolic pathways. This study differs from previous IUGR studies, which focused on one or a few genes, because all the gene groups in the EGF/PDGF pathway that may be associated with IUGR were investigated.
Outcomes of patients with anal cancer treated with definitive chemoradiation: A single centre experience

Background Anal cancers are uncommon neoplasms that make up to <1% of all tumours globally. Concurrent chemoradiation remains the standard of care treatment for patients who present with non-metastatic anal squamous cell carcinomas (ASCCs). Methods We aimed to evaluate the response rate and 2-year survival outcome of the definitive chemoradiation approach in patients with non-metastatic ASCCs of our population. We conducted a cross-sectional review of these patient populations who were treated and then followed after completion of treatment at our institute during the last 10 years. Results A total of 17 patients were enrolled after fulfillment of the eligibility criteria. The responses were documented in 16 patients through magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography of the pelvis, done at 3 months of treatment completion. More than 80% of the patients had complete radiological responses. Among the surviving participants, the 2-year disease-free survival rate was found to be more than two-thirds. Approximately 20% of the study participants had disease recurrence during the subsequent clinic visits following treatment completion. Conclusion This review emphasises the impact of definitive chemo-radiation in achieving radiological and clinical responses in patients with non-metastatic ASCCs. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first review to highlight anal cancer’s incidence and characteristics in Pakistan.
Microeconomically founded Information Systems Research

We advocate to develop IS theories on the basis of formal, analytic models, which in turn facilitate the deduction of design and engineering proposals as well as testable hypotheses. However, we also believe that these formal models and theories should be both, well grounded in stylized empirical facts that are the result of inductive research eﬀorts, as well as evaluated and reﬁned through empirical analyses based on ﬁeld studies and laboratory experiments. To this end, we motivate and discuss a microeconomically founded IS research process cycle that we deem suitable to develop IS theories that are rigor and relevant.
Lung cancer combination therapy: doxorubicin and β-elemene co-loaded, pH-sensitive nanostructured lipid carriers

Purpose: Co-delivery of drugs to achieve the synergistic anticancer effect is a promising strategy for lung cancer therapy. The purpose of this research is to develop a doxorubicin (DOX) and β-elemene (ELE) co-loaded, pH-sensitive nanostructured lipid carriers (DOX/ELE Hyd NLCs). Methods: In this study, DOX/ELE Hyd NLCs were produced by a hot homogenization and ultrasonication method and used for lung cancer treatment. In vitro and in vivo efficiency as well as toxicity of the system was evaluated on lung cancer cell lines and lung tumor-bearing mice. Results: DOX/ELE Hyd NLCs had a particle size of 190 nm, with a PDI lower than 0.2. DOX/ELE Hyd NLCs exhibited a significantly enhanced cytotoxicity (drug concentration causing 50% inhibition was 7.86 μg/mL), synergy antitumor effect (combination index lower than 1), and profound tumor inhibition ability (tumor inhibition ratio of 82.9%) compared with the non pH-responsive NLCs and single-drug-loaded NLCs. Conclusion: Since the synergistic effect of the drugs was found in this system, it would have great potential to inhibit lung tumor cells and tumor growth.
SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE

Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy which gave the chemical nature of the observed micro and nano particulates and their morphology, an organic-inorganic aggregate was identified [19,20]. It is established with some literature studies that mRNA and can copy itself to host DNA via endogenous reverse transcryptase [21,22]. This may lead to changes in the DNA and transgenetic effects. It may not do it at the first shot in every individual. To increase the possibility, the vaccines carrying the genetic material RNA should be injected more than one. DNA can be transferred from vaccinated to unvaccinated: Mother to infant while feeding; mother to fetus; between married partners. We don’t know the severity and incidence of these advers events in the long term, and these types of vaccines should be evaluated more in terms of toxicity and the medical rule that «there is no disease there is patient». We suggest that the most important first step is the natural immunity that must be focused on and supported.
Economics of production of Sunkagati-1 variety of acid lime in Nepal

There is a huge opportunity for acid lime farming in Nepal. The demand is much higher than domestic production resulting voluminous import from abroad. This research aimed to assess the economics of production of Sunkagati-1 variety of acid lime in Nepal. Morang, Sunsari, Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts were selected for this study after consultation with the concerned agricultural experts and nursery entrepreneurs producing Sunkagati-1 saplings. The primary information was collected through the field survey whereas secondary information was obtained reviewing the relevant literatures. All total 70 farmers were selected as the samples through simple random sampling for the field survey. Financial analysis of farms with plant age between 3 to 7 years, was carried out which estimated the NPV (12% discount rate) NRs.4,48,672/ha, BCR 1.09, IRR 19% and the Pay-back period of 5 years, 5 months and 26 days. The value of BCR being greater than one, IRR higher than discount rate, positive NPV and short payback period indicated that commercial acid lime farming cultivating Sunkagati-1 variety is a profitable enterprise in Nepal. The unpaired t-test showed that there is no significant difference in productivity of Sunkagati-1 across eastern (Sunsari and Morang) and central (Chitwan and Nawalpur) regions; however, the price of acid lime in central region (NRs.102/kg) was significantly higher (1 % level of significance) than that of in eastern (NRs.93.8/kg). Moreover, this study revealed that porous border and unorganized market (I= 0.81) was the most severe problem followed by infestation of disease and insect pests (I= 0.76), inadequate quality seedlings (I= 0.68), inadequate technical knowledge and trainings (I=0.41) and inadequate storage and processing facilities (0.34). There is need of government intervention which would assure access to quality inputs & technology, marketing & value chain development and appropriate plant protection measures for the promotion of commercial acid lime farming in Nepal.
Effects of Bait Type and Conspeciﬁc Attraction in Diamondback Terrapin ( Malaclemys terrapin ) Bycatch

non-baited crab pots. Both entry and escape rates increased throughout the experiment, representing possible evidence of learned behavior. Expanded research on the relative attractiveness of baits should be conducted to determine if baits are available that minimize the attractiveness of crab pots to terrapins. This study demonstrates the potential of conscious bait choices and learned behavior as unexplored avenues for Diamondback terrapin conservation. The research should spur investigation into bait choices in conservation efforts for other at-risk bycatch species and provide rationale for investigating less conventional methods of conservation
The Molecular Clock in the Evolution of Protein Structures

—The molecular clock hypothesis, which states that substitutions accumulate in protein sequences at a constant rate,playsafundamentalroleinmolecularevolutionbutitisviolatedwhenselectiveormutationalprocessesvarywithtime. Suchviolationsofthemolecularclockhavebeenwidelyinvestigatedforproteinsequences,butnotyetforproteinstructures.Here,weintroduceanovelstatisticaltest(SigniﬁcantClockViolations)andperformalargescaleassessmentofthemolecular clockintheevolutionofbothproteinsequencesandstructuresinthreelargesuperfamilies.Aftervalidatingourmethodwithcomputersimulations,weﬁndthatclockviolationsaregenerallyconsistentinsequenceandstructureevolution,butthey tendtobelargerandmoresigniﬁcantinstructureevolution. Moreover,changesoffunctionassessedthroughGeneOntologyandInterProtermsareassociatedwithlargeandsigniﬁcantclockviolationsinstructureevolution. Wefoundthatalmost onethirdofsigniﬁcantclockviolationsaresigniﬁcantinstructureevolutionbutnotinsequenceevolution,highlightingtheadvantagetousestructureinformationforassessingacceleratedevolutionandgatheringhintsofpositiveselection. Clockviolationsbetweencloselyrelatedpairsarefrequentlysigniﬁcantinsequenceevolution,consistentwiththeobservedtimedependenceofthesubstitutionrateattributedtosegregationofneutralandslightlydeleteriouspolymorphisms, butnotinstructureevolution,suggestingthatthesesubstitutionsdonotaffectproteinstructurealthoughtheymayaffectstability.Theseresultsareconsistentwiththeviewthatnaturalselection,bothnegativeandpositive,constrains morestronglyproteinstructuresthanproteinsequences.Ourcodeforcomputingclockviolationsisfreelyavailableathttps://github.com/ugobas/Molecular_clock. [Co-evolution;molecularclock;proteinstructureevolution;selection. ]
The Filtered Appeal: Evaluating the Impact of Appear-ance Enhancement on Effectiveness of Donation Requests

This study investigates how appearance enhancement using AR video filters affects the perceptions and outcomes of an online video donation request, including the authenticity and trustworthiness of the requester. Results of a survey experiment in which the attractiveness of a male and a female actor was manipulated using filters show that perceived attractiveness and trustworthiness positively influenced donation willingness, as did previous donation experience and the demographics of the study participants. Filter use also enhanced perceptions of the quality of the request. Surprisingly, the filtered video versions were not rated as less authentic than unfiltered video. Participant gender interacted with actor gender, producing mixed findings as regards the halo effect of filtered appearance enhancement.
Optimal setting time and season increase the target and reduce the incidental catch in longline fisheries: a Bayesian beta mixed regression approach

Sustainable fisheries’ managers increasingly seek to implement measures that reduce the mortality of threatened species while maintaining or increasing catch of target species. Our study proposed a simple management option for optimizing fishing over daily and seasonal scales to maximize catch success while protecting non-target species in pelagic longline fisheries. We used Bayesian beta mixed regression models to describe the effects of setting times and seasonality on catches in a pelagic longline fishery in the southwest South Atlantic Ocean (SWAO). Targeted species (swordfish, blue shark, and albacore tuna) are typically captured in fully nocturnal sets (started between 16 and 00 h), whereas shortfin mako shark and loggerhead turtles are typically captured during partially nocturnal sets (started between 00 and 04 h); probably a response to hook depth and circadian behaviours. The results suggest that it is feasible to use only fully nocturnal sets to target preferred species while reducing incidental catch of non-target species. The catch of target species was higher in austral winter, explained by the northward displacement of the subtropical convergence in the SWAO during this season. These results provide a baseline for bycatch mitigation strategies in pelagic longline fisheries at regional and global scales.
Evaluation of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Yield and Quality in Mid-hills of Bagmati Province, Nepal

The study was carried out to evaluate and select high yielding, insect pest and disease resistant hot pepper genotypes with preferred characters at open field conditions for central mid-hills of Nepal in 2018 and 2019. Seedlings of six hot pepper genotypes AVPP9905, AVPP9813, AVPP0506, Suryamukhi, Pusa Jwala and Kantipure were transplanted on April first week at Khumaltar, Lalitpur. Crop geometry was maintained with the 60 x 60 cm in randomized complete block design with three replications and fertilized with 150:120:100 NPK kg + 20 ton FYM per hectare. Observations were recorded on vegetative growth, insect pest and disease, yield attributing parameter and response of consumers and farmers. Among the tested genotypes, AVPP9905 showed superior performance that was vigoros, earliest days to flowering (41) and fruit set (47 days), least insect damage (2.0), least disease; alternaria leaf spot (1.8 ), higher number of fruits per node (1.25), superior yield (26.19 t/ha) and 960 g per plant. Consumers and farmers preference were 4.4 and 4.5. and the maximum fruit size was 18.7 g. The second superior cultivar was AVPP0506 which showed vigor (4.0), medium days to flowering (44.3) and fruit set (49 days), less insect damage (2.2), less disease; alternaria leaf spot (2.1), higher number of fruits per node (1.3), superior yield (14.28 t/ha) and 548 g per plant, consumers (3.8) and farmers preferred (4.8). Hence it could be generalized that introduced genotypes from the world Vegetable Centre, Taiwan were more promising than local check cultivars (Pusa Jwala and Kantipure) in terms of growth, fruit yield and insect pest and disease resistance, and farmers and consumers preference. These two genotypes are recommended for cultivation in central mid-hills of Bagmati Province in open field conditions.