Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF KIWI FRUIT JUICE CONCENTRATES

The rheological behaviour of diluted kiwi concentrates (22.5–63.0 °Brix) over the temperature range 4 to 70C, was studied. The values below 55.7 °Brix fit the power law while above 55.7 °Brix fit the Herschel-Bulkley equation. Maximum and minimum consistency index values were 62225 and 16 mPa. sn. Concentrates showed a yield stress at 55.7 °Brix, from 5 to 11 Pa, and 63.0 °Brix, from 19 to 53 Pa. Yield stress was correlated with temperature by means of a linear equation. Arrhenius activation energies were in the range of 28.97 to 33.89 kJ/mol. The average value of the flow behaviour indexes varied from 0.85 (sample at 22.5 °Brix) to 0.59 (sample at 63.0 °Brix). Simple equations are proposed to describe the combined effect of temperature and soluble solids content on consistency index and rheological behaviour index.
Effect of Variety on Drying Characteristics and Selected Quality Attributes of Dried Carrots

The effects of variety on drying characteristics, color, and water absorption of carrots were investigated. Six different varieties of carrots, viz. Kazan, Maxima, Nandor, Nektarina, Simba, and Tito were evaluated. The hot air drying characteristics of carrot cubes dried under forced convection conditions were determined and drying data were analyzed to obtain parameters of Page and first-order kinetic models as well as moisture diffusivity. Color characteristics were determined for fresh, dried, and dehydrated samples by measuring lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*). Water absorption data were analyzed for ground samples. It was observed that drying characteristics, such as color and water absorption were significantly influenced by variety. The varieties of Kazan and Nektarina were found to be characterized by highest and lowest moisture diffusivity of 7.52 × 10−9 and 3.31 × 10−9m2/s respectively. Kazan variety was also characterized by shortest drying time. The lowest changes in color caused by drying were observed for Tito variety. The variety of Kazan was characterized by the highest resistances to color changes affected by drying followed by rehydration. Nandor and Tito varieties displayed the highest water absorption near to 560 g/100 g. The best drying characteristics and good water absorption accompanied by the high color attributes of dried and rehydrated samples implies that Kazan variety is expected to be the most useful to drying industry.
Maximizing the Enhanced Ozone Oxidation of Kraft Pulp Mill Effluents in an Impinging-Jet Bubble Column

Abstract An impinging-jet bubble column that utilized two venturi injectors has been tested for the ozone mass transfer applications in water and wastewater treatment. The venturi injectors were utilized to create turbulent gas-liquid jets in the ambient fluid. The injectors were placed at an intersecting angle of 125° and the distance between the centers of the nozzles was equal to 60 mm. The intersecting of the gas-liquid jets caused an increase in the turbulence produced in the liquid phase and therefore, maximized the gas-liquid mass transfer. Pulp mill wastewater discharged from an aerated stabilization basin (ASB) of a Kraft pulp mill was ozonated in the impinging-jet bubble column. The ASB pulp mill effluent was ozonated in a continuous-flow mode with and without re-circulation of the liquid effluent leaving the bubble column in order to determine the overall mass transfer coefficient (kLa) and the enhancement factor (E). The gas absorption dynamics and the ozonation process treatment efficiencies were investigated. The ozonation process was more effective in removing the color and AOX-causing compounds than COD and TOC and it caused the biodegradability of the pulp mill effluent to increase. Ozone gas absorption dynamics were studied by continuously monitoring the ozone feed-gas and off-gas concentrations and ozone feed-gas flowrate. Rapid reactions occurred between ozone and the contaminants in the liquid phase, and as a result, the mass transfer process was enhanced by an enhancement factor (E). The two-film theory was applied and by assuming that the ozone reactions followed pseudo-first order irreversible kinetics, the overall mass transfer coefficient and the enhancement factor were determined. During the initial stage of the ozonation process, higher enhanced overall mass transfer coefficients (EkLa's) were observed. As the ozonation proceeded, EkLa values decreased significantly as a result of die enhancement factor dependency on the operating conditions and the wastewater characteristics. The process off-gas dynamics in terms of the ozone off-gas concentrations and their dependency on the process operating conditions and the wastewater characteristics were also examined in order to investigate the ozone off-gas emissions’ dynamics during the ozonation of pulp mill effluents. Accurate and reliable predictions of these emissions will help achieve optimized designs and reliable process-control of the ozone off-gas destruction facilities.
Cocrystallization of Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdarifa L.) Granules

Abstract A water extract of Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdarifa L.) flowers was sulfited until an optical density of 0.24 to 0.29 was reached; pH was set to 3.9, 4.1 or 4.3. A 70°Bx sugar syrup was concentrated by evaporation to ca. 95°Bx, at which point nucleation and crystallization proceeded. Portions of Jamaica extracts were added to the concentrated hot syrup and the resulting heat of crystallization was used to dehydrate the particles. Cocrystallized granules with the lowest moisture content (33.4 g/kg) were obtained using a mixture containing 100 g/kg of extract and a pH of 4.1. The granules had a solubility of 28.3 s and a bulk density of 502.5 kg/m 3 .
Hybrid materials applied to biotechnologies: coating of calcium phosphates for the design of implants active against bone resorption disorders

The reaction of a bisphosphonate bone resorption inhibitor (Zoledronate) with calcium deficient hydroxyapatites (CDAs) was studied as a potential route to local drug delivery systems active against bone resorption disorders. A simple mathematical model of the Zoledronate–CDA interaction was designed that correctly described the adsorption of Zoledronate onto CDAs. The resulting Zoledronate-loaded materials were found to release the drug in different phosphate-containing media, with a satisfactory agreement between experimental data and the values predicted from the model.
The Deposition and Crystallization Behaviors of Electroless Ni‐Cu‐P Deposits

This study investigated the deposition and crystallization behaviors of electroless Ni-Cu-P deposits on aluminum substrates. The critical phosphorus content. 7 wt %, of transformation between crystalline and amorphous structure for Ni-Cu-P deposit has been identified. The concentration of copper salt (CuSO 4 ) in the deposition solution greatly affects the Cu content of Ni-Cu-P deposit and thus the Ni and P contents. An excess CuSO 4 concentration may impede the formation of amorphous Ni-Cu-P deposit. It was also found that the chemical composition and crystal structure of Ni-Cu-P deposits will vary during deposition. An amorphous Ni-21.66Cu-11.60P deposit exhibits transformation at 366.5 and 461.4°C when analyzed with differential scanning calorimeter. The Ni-Cu alloy and the Ni 5 P 2 compound form preferentially from the amorphous Ni-Cu-P deposit during crystallization at 366.5°C. The Ni 5 P 2 phase further transforms to Ni 3 P phase upon interaction with Ni at 461.4°C. The activation energies with respect to the two transformation reactions are 229.1 and 213.0 kJ/mol, respectively, for the crystallization of amorphous Ni-Cu-P deposit and the formation of Ni 3 P.
The formation of conflict logical readiness of the future teachers-psychologists

espanolEl proposito de la investigacion fue desarrollar e implementar los modelos de formacion de competencia logica de conflicto entre los futuros profesores-psicologos. El experimento pedagogico con pre y post prueba demostro el crecimiento en el grado de formacion de la disposicion logica de conflicto de los maestros-psicologos en grupos experimentales en los que se realizo el modelo de formacion de preparacion logica para conflictos. Durante la investigacion se descubrio que la aplicacion de la tecnica ofrecida llevo al crecimiento en el numero de estudiantes que poseen un alto nivel de conocimiento y habilidades en la resolucion de conflictos, la capacidad de manejar sus emociones y cualidades personales profesionalmente importantes EnglishThe purpose of the research was to develop and implement the models of conflict logical competence formation among the future teachers-psychologists. The pedagogical experiment with pre- and post-test demonstrated the growth in the formation degree of conflict logical readiness of the teachers-psychologists in experimental groups that the model of conflict logical readiness formation was realized in. During the research it was found that the application of the offered technique led to the growth in the number of students possessing a high level of knowledge and skills in conflict resolution, the ability to manage their emotions and professionally important personal qualities.
Role of aggregate surface and core fraction in the sequestration of carbon from dung in a temperate grassland soil

The sequestration of dung carbon in soil depends on the location and rate at which it is immobilized in soil aggregates. Here C4 dung (δ13C = −16.1‰) or C3 dung (δ13C = −26.8‰) were applied to a temperate permanent pasture C3 soil (δ13C = −27.9‰). Triplicate samples were taken from C3 and C4 dung remaining at the surface, and in the 0–1 and 1–5 cm soil layers in the unamended control and under the C3 and C4 dung patches after 7, 14, 29, 42 and 70 days after the application of the dung. Macroaggregates (≥ 4 mm) at the lower depth (1–5 cm) were mechanically fractionated into surface and core fractions by a combination of shock freezing followed by wet sieving.
Surface Interactions of Arsenite and Arsenate on Soil Colloids

This work presents a comprehensive picture of As adsorption on a range of soil colloidal particles in comparable conditions of pH and ionic strength to allow a direct comparison of the surface interactions, including surface charging phenomena. The highest adsorption capacity for arsenite [As(III)] was shown by the iron minerals, with a clear shift in the surface charge. Pure ferrihydrite could retain over 5.3 μmol m -2 of As(III); the adsorption density was reduced to 3.36 μmol m -2 when ferrihydrite was a covering film on kaolinite surfaces. Goethite adsorbed up to 2.3 μmol m -2 but this amount was nearly halved on Al-substituted goethite and was much lower for hematite. Arsenite adsorption on a poorly ordered Al hydroxide was lower than on poorly ordered and crystalline Fe (hydr)oxides and its adsorption on gibbsite, kaolinite and calcite was almost negligible. When arsenate [As(V)] was added, a similar adsorption capacity for surface unit was shown by both Fe and Al minerals and, differently from As(III), As(V) was adsorbed also on kaolinite and calcite. The adsorption of arsenate on all adsorbents and of arsenite on Fe minerals were observed to be exothermic reaction. The differences in the affinity for As(III) and As(V) adsorption shown by the different soil components were explained in terms of differences in Lewis hardness/softness of adsorbate and adsorbents. These results provide a comparison between possible adsorbents to be used for remediation, and also to assess the As adsorption capacity of soils from their composition.
Synthesis and H2S Sensing Properties of CuO-SnO2Core/Shell PN-Junction Nanorods

One-dimensional nanosized core/shell PN-junctions are formed from N-type SnO2 nanorods (synthesized via a hydrothermal method; diameter ∼10 nm, length ∼100 nm) uniformly coated with P-type CuO nanoparticles (diameter ∼4 nm). Gas sensors are realized from these PN-junction nanorods, and their resistances greatly decrease upon exposed to H2S at room temperature. The sensitivity against 10 ppm H2S at 60 °C is up to 9.4 × 106. At the same time, the sensors have very good selectivity against H2S. Such good performances are probably attributed to the destruction of PN-junctions and the small size effect of nanostructures. Our results imply that one-dimensional heterostructured nanomaterials are promising candidates for high-performance gas sensors.
Leachability of Nd, U, Th, and Sr from Cements in a CO 2 Free Atmosphere

To determine the leachability and concentration-controlling solids for nuclides contained in solidified low-level nuclear wastes, cement doped with neodymium, uranium, thorium and strontium was prepared and cured in a CO{sub 2}-free atmosphere. Defining C{sub H} as the hydrogen ion concentration, leaching tests were conducted by equilibrating aliquots of the crushed doped cement with CO{sub 2}-free deionized water at pc{sub H} values ranging from 7.5 to 12.5 in an effort to determine if solubility constraints could be used to predict leachable concentrations of Nd (an analog of trivalent actinides), U, Th, and Sr. Steady state concentrations of Nd, U, Th and Sr were attained within a few days. The observed Nd concentrations continually decreased with the increase in pc{sub H} from about 7.5 to 9.0, and were at detection limit at pc{sub h} values > 9.0. The comparison of these results with thermodynamic data suggests that Nd(OH){sub 3}(am) is the controlling solid phase. The observed U concentrations decreased by two orders of magnitude with a unit increase in pc{sub H} in the range of 7.5 to 9.0 and were at the detection limit at pc{sub H} > 9.0. From the multitude of U(VI) solids that can form under the test conditions,more » the data suggest that CaUO{sub 4} is the likely controlling solid. The concentration of Th was at the detection limit over the entire pc{sub H} range covered. Based on previous work, ThO{sub 2}(am) is likely to be the controlling solid. In the absence of CO{sub 2}, no solubility-controlling solid was found for Sr.« less
Enhancement of electrical properties of vanadyl phthalocyanine derivative by PCBM

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on improvement of physical and electrical properties of vanadyl phthalocyanine derivative. The correlation between the physical characteristics of the active layers, comprising vanadyl 2,9,16, 23-tetraphenoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (VOPcPhO) and PCBM, and the electrical properties of metal/organic/metal devices have been studied. The use of soluble vanadyl phthalocyanine derivative makes it very attractive for a variety of applications due to its tunable properties and high solubility. Design/methodology/approach – The sandwich type structures Al/VOPcPhO/Al and Al/VOPcPhO:PCBM/Al were fabricated by spin casting the active organic layers between the top and bottom (aluminum) electrodes. The stand-alone (VOPcPhO) and composite (VOPcPhO:PCBM) thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopy. The electronic properties of the metal/organ.
Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using porous material MCM-41 as a sorbent

The feasibility of employing the mesoporous silicate MCM-41 as a sorbent for sampling ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated. The performance of MCM-41 as a sorbent for PAHs was assessed by using standard mixtures and field sampling of seven target species: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. Quality assurance measurements, such as analytical precision, linearity, and recovery, were determined via addition of external, surrogate, and internal standards. To test the field applicability of MCM-41, the exhaust of motorcycle and diesel bus were sampled as the sources of PAHs. The performance of MCM-41, which was evaluated against that of commercially available sorbents XAD-2 and XAD-16, showed comparable results. In the case of four-stroke motorcycle exhaust, both MCM-41 and XAD-2 exhibited similar sorption characteristics for the seven target PAHs at concentrations of 15 to 2.8 × 105 ng m−3 in the exhaust. Diesel bus exhaust sampled through a dynamometer was examined using commercial XAD-16 as the reference. The concentrations of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, and phenanthrene were found to be in the range of 10 to 2.5 × 104 ng m−3. Other than naphthalene, which had a low recovery (20–30%) because of its high volatility, the recoveries of MCM-41 for most target PAHs show a trend similar to those of the XAD materials in the study, demonstrating the high applicability of MCM-41 as an enrichment medium for ambient PAHs.
Conjugate Heat Transfer CFD Predictions of Impingement Jet Array Flat Wall Cooling Aerodynamics With Single Sided Flow Exit

Conjugate heat transfer CFD studies were undertaken on impingement square jet arrays with self induced crossflow in the impingement gap with a single sided exit. The aim was to understand the aerodynamic interactions that result in the deterioration of heat transfer with axial distance, whereas the addition of duct flow heat transfer would be expected to lead to an increase in heat transfer with axial distance. A square array of impingement holes was investigated for a common geometry investigated experimentally, pitch to diameter ratio X/D of 5 and impingement gap to diameter ratio Z/D of 3.3 for 11 rows of holes in the crossflow direction. A metal duct wall was used as the impingement surface with an applied heat flux of 100kW/m(2), which for a gas turbine combustor cooling application operating at steady state with a temperature difference of similar to 450K corresponds to a convective heat transfer coefficient of similar to 200 W/m(2)K. A key feature of the predicted aerodynamics was recirculation in the plane of the impingement jets normal to the cross-flow, which produced heating of the impingement jet wall. This reverse flow jet was deflected by the cross flow which had its peak velocity in the plane between the high velocity impingement jets. The cross-flow interaction with the impingement jets reduced the interaction between the jets on the surface, with lower surface turbulence as a result and this reduced the surface convective heat transfer. A significant feature of the predictions was the interaction of the cross-flow aerodynamics with the impingement jet wall and associated heat transfer to that wall. The results showed that the deterioration in heat transfer with axial distance was well predicted, together with predictions of the impingement wall surface temperature gradients.
High‐resolution infrared diode laser spectroscopy of (CO2)3: Vibrationally averaged structures, resonant dipole vibrational shifts, and tests of CO2–CO2 pair potentials

High‐resolution infrared spectra of (CO2)3 formed in a slit jet supersonic expansion are obtained via direct absorption of a tunable diode laser in the ν3 asymmetric stretch region of CO2. Over 100 distinct transitions are recorded in the trimer spectrum, which can be modeled as a perpendicular band of a planar symmetric top with C3h symmetry and no observable tunneling splittings. Results from the spectroscopic fit indicate that the complex is vibrationally averaged planar, with a carbon–carbon atom separation of RCC=4.0376(2) A. An analysis of the vibrational blue shift for (CO2)3 of 2.5755(2) cm−1 via a resonant dipole–dipole interaction model yields an angular orientation for each CO2 axis of β=33.8(5)° away from a line tangent to the vertex and parallel to the opposite side of the equilateral triangle connecting the centers of mass of each CO2 monomer. Several model CO2–CO2 interaction potentials are tested against the vibrationally averaged structural parameters for (CO2)3. In particular, the potent.
Evaluation of temperature effect on growth rate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in milk using secondary models

The application of secondary temperature models on growth rates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, the much studied probiotic bacterium, is investigated. Growth parameters resulting from a primary fitting were modelled against temperature using the following models: Hinshelwood model (H), Ratkowsky extended model (RTK2), Zwietering model (ZWT), and cardinal temperature model with inflection (CTMI). As experienced by other authors, the RTK2, ZWT, and CTMI models provided the best statistical indices related to fitting the experimental data. Moreover, with the biological background, the following cardinal temperatures of L. rhamnosus GG resulted from the study by the model application: tmin = 2.7°C, topt = 44.4°C, tmax = 52.0°C. The growth rate of the strain under study at optimal temperature was 0.88 log10(CFU mL−1 h−1).
Effect of irrigation on changes in the anthocyanin composition of the skin of cv Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L) grape berries during ripening

The impact of water availability on the yield and on the chemical composition in the skins of cv Tempranillo grapes at different phases of berry growth was studied over a 2 year period by determining changes in berry weight, °Brix, titratable acidity, pH and different phenolic compounds. The evolution of phenolic compounds during berry growth followed similar patterns to those reported by previous investigators. Over the 2 year study, concentrations of total phenols and total tannins in the skins were always higher for the non-irrigated than for the irrigated vines, though the differences were not significant on some sampling dates. Total anthocyanin concentrations in 1992 were significantly higher in the non-irrigated than in the irrigated grapes, except at veraison and harvest. In contrast, in 1993, concentrations were higher in the non-irrigated grapes on the first three sampling dates and in the irrigated grapes on the last three sampling dates, but with significant differences only on day 136 after budbreak. In the first year, anthocyanin concentrations for the non-irrigated grapes were higher than for the irrigated grapes, except at harvest, though the differences at harvest were not significant. However, in the second year, concentrations in the berries from the irrigated vines were significantly higher on most sampling dates. In both years, concentrations of the five anthocyanins at harvest were higher for the irrigated treatment, the treatment that produced higher berry weights and crop yields. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Operational Comparison of Bubble Dosimetry with Albedo Thermoluminescent Dosimetry for a Selected Group of 238Pu Workers

Personnel neutron dosimetry continues to be a difficult science due to the lack of availability of robust passive dosimeters that exhibit tissue equivalent, or near tissue equivalent response. The dosimeter most used for neutron dosimetry in the United States remains the albedo thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD). Track-etch and bubble dosimeters generally have a more favorable energy response than albedo dosimeters but are more difficult and expensive to use. This paper is an operational study that compares the use ofalbedo TLDs with bubble dosimeters to determine whether bubble dosimeters do provide a useful daily tool to achieve as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) goals that can yield measurements close to the dose-of-record from TLD. A group of workers working on the radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) for the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) Cassini space mission wore both bubble dosimeters and albedo dosimeters over a period from 1993 through 1996. The bubble dosimeters were issued and read on a daily basis and the data were used as an ALARA tool. The personnel albedo dosimeter was processed on a monthly basis and used as the dose-of-record. The results of this study indicated that cumulative bubble dosimetry results agreed with whole-body albedo dosimetry results within about 37%. However, it was observed that there is a significant variability ofthe results on an individual basis both month-to-month and from one individual to another.