Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timing of Alpine Orogeny and Postorogenic Extension in the Alboran Domain, Inner Rif Chain, Morocco

The variety of temporal and structural constraints on the Alpine tectonometamorphic signature of the metamorphic core of the Betic‐Rif orogen (Alboran Domain) has supported a long‐lasting debate regarding the Alpine tectonic and geodynamic evolution of the Western Mediterranean region. Uncertainty still exists on the timing and tectonic significance of (a) the Alpine orogenic construction; (b) exhumation of the deep roots of the orogen; and (c) transition from orogenic shortening to crustal extension. In this study, we address these major geological issues by focusing on the lower‐grade units of the Alboran Domain (Upper Sebtides and Ghomarides) exposed in the Rif belt of northern Morocco. Through a multidisciplinary approach that integrates mesostructural and microstructural investigations with X‐ray diffraction, quantitative mineral chemistry, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, a 20 Ma long tectonic history is reconstructed, which involves burial of the tectonic units at depth (late Eocene) and postorogenic exhumation under brittle conditions in the upper crust (early Miocene). We document a Priabonian (∼37‐34 Ma) D1/M1 progressive compressional deformation, during the formation of a SW‐verging orogenic wedge (present coordinates), accreted toward the Africa plate. Brittle extensional detachment tectonics operated during the Burdigalian (∼18‐17 Ma), controlling the thinning of the previously structured Alboran Domain nappe stack and the final exhumation of the Alpine orogenic units. We propose that transition from orogenic build‐up to collapse in the hinterland of the Betic‐Rif orogen occurred when the retreat of the Apennine‐Maghrebian subduction was efficient to drive transition from shortening to extension in the back‐arc domain of the western termination of the Apennine‐Maghrebian subduction zone.
The role of financial literacy and risk tolerance: an analysis of genderdifferences in the textile sector of Pakistan

This research explores the effect of financial literacy and risk tolerance on decisions making for investment by men andwomen in the textile sector of Pakistan. It examines the role of risk tolerance as mediator in relation between financialliteracy and individual’s investment decision making. It also examines the moderating effect of gender differencebetween financial literacy and risk tolerance. Collection of research data was done from the 300 respondents in thetextile sector of Faisalabad through the self-administered questionnaire by using convenient sampling. This researchwork represented the facts that financial literacy has a positive and significant relationship with risk tolerance, andinvestment decisions are significantly influenced by it. Risk tolerance has a positive and insignificant impact oninvestment decisions.In contrast, the mediation role of risk tolerance is insignificant between the financial literacy level of individuals anddecisions made by them for investment. The purpose of a moderator as gender differences is significant. This studyempowers managers to provide basics financial services to employees. Management might be guided that what shouldbe highlighted and what has to be improved to enhance the financial literacy level of textile workers. Employers can playa vital role in building awareness and to educate their employees on fiscal wellness, investment planning, andretirement. Financial literacy can also help employees to achieve commercial success, and it is fruitful in providingbenefit plans at work and in their financial affairs
Stakeholder Management Strategies: The Special Case of Universities

Universities must secure stakeholder support to ensure the successful implementation of most initiatives. However, given the shared governance structures and collegial cultures of many universities, what strategies do university leaders enact to obtain stakeholder support? Although several stakeholder management and organizational response models have been proposed, there is limited empirical research on the actual strategies university leaders use to secure stakeholder support. This study focuses mainly on university academics - a powerful, autonomous, and intelligent stakeholder group whose support for most higher education initiatives is essential. Guided by a theoretical stakeholder management model, this research examines the strategies university leaders employ to manage this salient and sometimes adversarial group with respect to a major organizational change initiative. The evidence shows that university leaders use strategies that centre mostly on themes of shared goals, consensus, partnerships and engagement, which align with the strategies proposed by the theoretical model. However, to manage non-supportive stakeholders peer influence is enacted rather than the defend strategy recommended by the theoretical model. As a result, this study contributes to stakeholder management theory and proposes a revised stakeholder management model that is particularly applicable to the higher education sector.
Education and management practices

The empirical management literature has found that the education of both managers and the workforce more generally appears to be an important driver of better management practices. This article sets out how such relationships might be conceptualized, and suggests that in a complementarities framework, modern management practices can be thought of as a type of skill-biased technology. It then summarizes the literature that has explored the relationships between human capital and surveyed management practices in manufacturing firms and other sectors, highlighting the handful of papers that have found a positive correlation between management practices and measures of local skills supply. It concludes with a discussion of the policy implications that stem from what we know so far, together with avenues for future research that could shed more light on the causal mechanisms at play.
Audit Quality under Influences of Audit Firm and Auditee Characteristics: Evidence from the Romanian Regulated Market

We have estimated the impact of some characteristics of the auditors and of the audited companies on audit quality for the Romanian listed firms (943 observations for the 2007–2019 period), using as a proxy for the audit quality the level of discretionary accruals, measured following the Jones (1991) model, and the accruals quality, estimated through the Dechow and Dichey (2002) model. These dependent variables have been related to variables that reflect both the characteristics of the audit firm (for example, Big 4 membership) and the characteristics of the audited firms (dimension, financial leverage, accounting standards applied, growth and profitability). Our results show that the auditor’s Big 4 membership contributes to an increase in discretionary accruals, decreasing the quality of the audit. The transition to IFRS did not have a significant influence on the quality of the audit. The audit opinion may have an effect on the discretionary accruals and the accruals quality in the sense that a modified opinion leads to an increase in the quality of the audit in the following financial year(s).
Environmental Fate of Glyphosate in Citrus Production Soils of Florida

Chemical weed control using herbicide glyphosate to manage emerged weeds is an important production practice in Florida citrus. Despite the extensive use of glyphosate in citrus orchards, very limited information is available on its environmental fate and behavior in Florida soils that are predominantly sandy in nature. Hence, the study's objective was to understand the adsorption-desorption, dissipation dynamics, and vertical movement or leaching of glyphosate in sandy soils in citrus orchards. Laboratory, field, and greenhouse experiments were conducted at Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee, Florida. The adsorption-desorption behavior of glyphosate in the soils from three major citrus production areas in Florida was studied utilizing a batch equilibrium method. The dissipation of glyphosate was tracked in the field following its application at the rate of 4.20 kg ae ha-1. Soil leaching columns in greenhouse conditions were used to study the vertical movement of glyphosate. The results suggest that glyphosate has a relatively lower range of adsorption or binding (Kads = 14.28 to 30.88) in the tested soil types. The field dissipation half-life (DT50) of glyphosate from surface soil was found to be 26 days. Glyphosate moved vertically or leached into the soil profile, up to 40 cm in the soil column, when analyzed 40 days after herbicide application. The primary degradation product of glyphosate, i.e., aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), was also detected up to the depth of 30 cm below the soil surface, indicating the presence of microbial metabolism of glyphosate in the soil.
Bulk hydrometeor optical properties for microwave and sub-mm radiative transfer in RTTOV-SCATT v13.0

Abstract. Satellite observations of radiation in the microwave and sub-mm spectral regions (broadly from 1 to 1000 GHz) can have strong sensitivity to cloud and precipitation particles in the atmosphere. These particles (known as hydrometeors) scatter, absorb and emit radiation according to their mass, composition, shape, internal structure, and orientation. Hence, microwave and sub-mm observations have applications including weather forecasting, geophysical retrievals and model validation. To simulate these observations requires a scattering-capable radiative transfer model and an estimate of the bulk optical properties of the hydrometeors. This article describes the module used to integrate single-particle optical properties over a particle size distribution (PSD) to provide bulk optical properties for the Radiative Transfer for TOVS microwave and sub-mm scattering code, RTTOV-SCATT, a widely-used fast model. Bulk optical properties can be derived from a range of particle models including Mie spheres (liquid and frozen) and non-spherical ice habits from the Liu and Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) databases, which include pristine crystals, aggregates and hail. The effects of different PSD and particle options on simulated brightness temperatures are explored, based on an analytical two-stream solution for a homogeneous cloud slab. The hydrometeor scattering "spectrum" below 1000 GHz is described, along with its sensitivities to particle composition (liquid or ice), size and shape. The optical behaviour of frozen particles changes in the frequencies above 200 GHz, moving towards an optically thick and emission-dominated regime more familiar from the infrared. This region is previously little explored but will soon be covered by the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI).
The spread of the introduced ascidians Ciona robusta Hoshino & Tokioka, 1967 and Rhodosoma turcicum (Savigny, 1816) in the southwestern Atlantic

New records of the introduced solitary ascidians, Ciona robusta and Rhodosoma turcicum, have been added to the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, from Cabo Frio to Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, in surveys conducted since 2009. Both species occurred on natural and artificial substrates, in predator-protected habitats, and regions close to harbors or other maritime activities. The distribution of Ciona robusta was related to water temperature, influenced by upwelling intensity and temperatures below 25oC, while R. turcicum was not sensitive to the range of recorded water temperatures. The occurrence of both species on sites close to maritime terminals suggests vessels as potential vectors.
What Makes a Military Professional? Evaluating Norm Socialization in West Point Cadets

Scholars have contended that norms of professionalism are critical to understanding how militaries interact with civilian leaders and when they intervene in politics. Yet, few studies have directly examined the normative structures of military officers. Through a survey of 1468 US Military Academy cadets, this study evaluates cadets’ views toward professionalism, and in particular what is often presumed to be the dominant framework of those norms based on Samuel Huntington’s The Soldier and the State. We identify five patterns of normative beliefs based on cadets’ views of civil–military interaction and the nonpartisan ethic: orthodox, unorthodox, inconsistent, non-committal, and motivated norms. Cadets fall into each of these categories, but approximately one-quarter demonstrate motivated norms, adhering when convenient, and otherwise dispensing with them when the rules they prescribe clash with their partisan identities. These findings, especially our novel conceptualization on norm adherence, contribute to a greater understanding of military culture and professionalism.
Effects of Plyometric Training on Selected Motor Components in Semi-Professional Kabaddi Players – A Randomised Control Study

Background: In Kabaddi, players requirequick reflexes, dynamic balance, agility, neuromuscularcoordination and individual proficiency.Plyometric exercises wereutilized to enhance sportsperformance byeliciting numerous positive changes in neural and musculoskeletal system of healthyplayers. The purposeof this study was to evaluate the effects of Plyometric training on selected motor components in semiprofessionalKabaddi players.Methods: 30semi-professional Kabaddi players with an age range of 12-20 years were assigned randomlyas Group A performed plyometric training and Group B did their regular training programs. Agility, sprint,explosive power were measured before and after the intervention by agility ‘t’ test, 60m sprint test andsargent jump test respectively.Results: Group A showed significant improvement in agility time (p=0.021; <0.05), Sprinting time(p=0.0001; <0.05) and jumping performance (p=0.0004; <0.05), and that of group B.Conclusion: This study proved that the plyometric training is effective in improving Agility, Sprint andExplosive power in semi-professional kabaddi players.
PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH KELAPA SAWIT (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS JACQ.) BERDASARKAN POSISI BUAH PADA TANDAN

Buah kelapa sawit memiliki tingkat kematangan yang berbeda dalam satu tandan. Buah bagian pangkal tandan lebih muda dibandingkan ujung tandan, sehingga saat dikecambahkan benih tidak serempak pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan posisi buah terbaik untuk perkecambahan benih kelapa sawit. Penilitian berbentuk eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Perlakuan terdiri dari 6 taraf, yaitu posisi buah : pangkal tandan spikelet dalam, pangkal tandan spikelet luar, tengah tandan spikelet dalam, tengah tandan spikelet luar, ujung tandan spikelet dalam, dan ujung tandan spikelet luar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa secara umum posisi buah di tandan belum meningkatkan daya berkecambah, first count test, nilai indeks kecambah
When the labs closed: graduate students’ and postdoctoral fellows’ experiences of disrupted research during the COVID-19 pandemic

Government imposed lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in widespread laboratory closures. This study aimed to examine the impact of this disruption on graduate students and postdoctoral fellows completing laboratory-based research in Canada. We used an anonymous online survey and semi-structured interviews to document the experiences of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows during laboratory closures and following the transition to working from home. We employed a mixed-method approach using survey and interview data to identify shared experiences, concerns, and supports. The emotions reported by respondents at different points during laboratory closures align with the Kübler-Ross model of grief following change. Respondents describe closure processes as chaotic and confusing, primarily resulting from inconsistent communication. Respondents reported increased indications of distress while working from home. Concerns about how COVID-19 might impact trainees were identified, including decreasing competitiveness of applicants while limiting future employment opportunities. Finally, we outline five types of supports that can be implemented by supervisors and administrators to support graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to return to the laboratory. Overall, we document shared experiences of respondents during the COVID-19 laboratory shutdown and identify areas of improvement in the event widespread laboratory closures occur in the future.
The Existence of Affine Structures on the Borel Subalgebra of Dimension 6

The notion of affine structures arises in many fields of mathematics, including convex homogeneous cones, vertex algebras, and affine manifolds. On the other hand, it is well known that Frobenius Lie algebras correspond to the research of homogeneous domains. Moreover, there are 16 isomorphism classes of 6-dimensional Frobenius Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field. The research studied the affine structures for the 6-dimensional Borel subalgebra of a simple Lie algebra. The Borel subalgebra was isomorphic to the first class of Csikós and Verhóczki’s classification of the Frobenius Lie algebras of dimension 6 over an algebraically closed field. The main purpose was to prove that the Borel subalgebra of dimension 6 was equipped with incomplete affine structures. To achieve the purpose, the axiomatic method was considered by studying some important notions corresponding to affine structures and their completeness, Borel subalgebras, and Frobenius Lie algebras. A chosen Frobenius functional of the Borel subalgebra helped to determine the affine structure formulas well. The result shows that the Borel subalgebra of dimension 6 has affine structures which are not complete. Furthermore, the research also gives explicit formulas of affine structures. For future research, another isomorphism class of 6-dimensional Frobenius Lie algebra still needs to be investigated whether it has complete affine structures or not.
Labor Market Effects of Short-Cycle Higher Education Programs: Challenges and Evidence from Colombia

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
Anthoc Based Trust Behavioural Network (Anthoc-tbn) Assist to Detect Blackhole Attack by Discover Secure Route

MANET is a wireless topology mainly used to grouping several mobile nodes as network. This wireless network is highly vulnerable by several security threads. Blackhole attack, a severe thread that voluntarily disrupts the healthy nodes and turn it as malicious node. So, introducing security mechanism can forcefully work together to defeat the black hole attack. In this paper, a new approach of AntHoc based trust behavioural network (AntHoc-TBN) model is introduced. This model effectively discovers the route with trust based packet transmission take place. Here, the forward ant agent performs shortest distance computation to discover the route. So that, Dijikstra algorithm is employed to detect the shortest route of all other nodes from source. Then, trust procedure is applied to find that corresponding node is trustable or not. Based on trust threshold, the respective intermediate node is computed and stored the updated value in extended data routing information (EDRI) table. Once the condition is not satisfied, then updated value in EDRI table tends to be distrust node and the concerned node is eliminated from the routing table. Now, the trusted node becomes an active path after that the packet has to be sent. Likewise, the same process is repeated for backward ant agent to transfer the Ack message from destination to source. To simulate the process, the result reveals that the AntHoc-TBN model improves its efficiency by lowest delay, packet loss and routing overhead. And also, the technique gets highest value of packet delivery ratio. The performance measures of our proposed model achieves better outcome when compared to existing techniques such as AODV, AntNet and AntHoc Net.
Coronary CT Angiography Findings with 64-Detector CT

Aim: This study aims to determine the coronary artery variations, anomalies, and pathologies that could be detected in coronarycomputed tomography angiography (CCTA). Materials and Methods: Between March 2007 and December 2008, 1180 patients were referred to our clinic with CCTA requests.Coronary artery anatomy, the presence of variations and anomalies, coronary artery disease, proximal and distal anastomosis levels,stenosis and/or occlusion of by-pass grafts, stent patency, or stenosis were examined and recorded for all cases.Results: Total of 1118 cases included in the study. The left main coronary artery (LM) was not observed in 9 (0.80%) patients. In onecase (0.08%), the circumflex artery (LCx) artery was originated from the right sinus of Valsalva (RSV) with a retro-aortic course andthen reached its typical trace. The LM originated from the RSV in 2 patients (0.17%). The right coronary artery (RCA) originated fromthe left sinus of Valsalva (LSV) in 4 cases (0.35%). Coronary artery disease (CAD) in any stage was found in 100 patients with zeroscores, and 27 (4.48%) had stenotic CAD according to CCTA. There was a moderate correlation between age and CAD stage, and ageand calcium (Ca) score.Conclusion: In conclusion, 64-MDCT coronary angiography is a suitable method for the noninvasive evaluation of coronary arteries.Coronary artery anomalies are observed with a non-rare frequency. There is a moderate correlation between age and CAD sta