Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Critical Examination of Spontaneous Perspective Taking

A number of authors have identified an extension of Theory of Mind (ToM) termed as ‘spontaneous perspective taking’, in which another’s visual perspective is computed both ‘rapidly’ and ‘spontaneously’ (Samson, Apperly, Braithwaite, Andrews, & Bodley Scott, 2010). The current work examines this notion. Experiments 1 and 2 employed the ambiguous number paradigm with different manipulations of attention. Evidence was found to suggest the spontaneous assumption of another’s visual perspective. However, most importantly, this effect was also identified during conditions when, as the visual perspective taking theory would predict, it should not be apparent. Alternatively, Experiment 3 was unable to identify this effect using a variant of the dot perspective task. The next two experiments increased the measurement sensitivity of spontaneous visual perspective taking using eye movements. Again, similar patterns in the data were identified when the phenomenon should not have been exhibited. Next, Experiments 6 and 7, assessed whether the notion is routed within ToM through experimentation on young children. The developmental findings were unclear, however there were indications that the concept is progressively improved with age. Subsequently, Experiments 8, 9, and 10 adapted the examination of this notion by investigating whether perceived ownership had any effects. Initially, using a novel single response method no significant results were found. However, when using standardised response time measures it was suggested that individuals were exhibiting a spontaneous visual perspective taking response, irrespective of perceived ownership. Lastly, Experiments 11, 12, and 13 introduced an alternative theory suggesting that the agent, as well as any other orientation cue, act as a reference point that anchors and orientates the image. Overall, the present findings challenge the spontaneous visual perspective taking theory; as a number of alternative concepts have also been suggested to contribute towards this phenomenon.
Study of f(T) Dark Energy Model Using Different Choices of the Cosmological Scale Factor

In this paper, we investigated the behaviors of some cosmological parameters as a function of redshift z using some dark energy models namely intermediate, logamediate and emergent scenarios of the universe adopting their cosmological scale factors in the frame work of the teleparallel gravity or the f(T) theory. By considering the present value of cosmological parameters, the behaviors of deceleration, jerk, kerk and lerk parameters and equation of state showed that the universe has an accelerated expansion behavior described by phantom-like behavior. The stability of the model was studied using the squared speed of sound v2s verifying that the model is stable. Finally, we discussed the generalized second law of thermodynamics’s (GSLT) validity. The positive behavior of the entropy indicates that the GSLT is verified. These results of functions are in agreement with the recent observational data.
A survey of social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand about their professional use of social media

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this article is to report findings from a survey which provides an overall beginning picture of how Aotearoa New Zealand social workers operate in their social media landscape, and an account of their opinions and attitudes about the professional social work use of social media. METHODS: A self-administered internet survey which sits within the context of a mixed methods research design, gathered broad, shallow, mainly quantitative data (QUAN-qual) from 342 Aotearoa New Zealand social workers about their professional participation in social media. Using Likert-type scales and multiple-choice questions, information was sought about the social work experience (behaviour, opinions/attitudes) of using social media for professional reasons, including motivations, limitations and challenges. FINDINGS: Fewer than half of the respondents reported using social media for professional reasons, and there was reticence amongst participants about the professional value of social media. Concerns about privacy, security and ethical issues were presented as primary limitations to the use of social media by both users and non-users—however, non-users were more likely to be prevented by their employers from using social media and, on average, maintained a more neutral stance regarding their interest in using it. CONCLUSION: The analysis of findings from this survey offer insight into areas of potential development, leadership and research regarding social worker use of social media in this country.
Effect of patient navigation on stress and depression in women with a breast cancer screening abnormality

OF THE THESIS Effect of Patient Navigation on Stress and Depression in Women With a Breast Cancer Screening Abnormality by Marissa Bernadette Goldenstein Master of Arts in Psychology San Diego State University, 2016 Previous research exploring the psychological effects of abnormal screening tests for breast cancer in women has shown long-lasting distress, even after the abnormality is determined to be benign. Women in underserved, minority patients are likely to face more barriers when trying to obtain healthcare and may experience more distress when presented with an abnormal screening test. Limited research has examined the effectiveness of interventions at reducing distress after an abnormal screening test. Patient navigation (PN) is an intervention model designed to assist patients in underserved, minority populations in identifying and reducing barriers to healthcare. The current study explored data from a cluster-randomized study evaluating the efficacy of PN in improving the quality and timeliness of cancer diagnostic care. Seventy women from underserved, minority populations were included for analysis. This study aimed to explore: 1) whether time to diagnosis was associated with stress and depression; 2) whether the number of barriers moderated this effect; 3) several moderated mediation models examining the relationship between the number of in-person encounters and its association with stress and depression; 4) whether this relationship was mediated by coping styles; and 5) whether these mediated relationships were moderated by the number or types of barriers. Findings suggested that time to diagnosis alone was not associated with stress [F(1,66)=. 06, p=. 807] or depression [F(1,66)=. 472, p=. 495]; nor did the number of in-person encounters affect stress or depression (all p≥.05). Though none of the primary hypotheses were supported, results did suggest: a strong association of emotion-focused coping to both stress and depression (p<.001); and the presence of two crossover interactions suggesting moderating effects of problem-focused barriers and system-level barriers (p=.026). These findings suggest the importance of patient navigators to develop techniques for acknowledging and altering coping styles in their patients, with consideration of the barriers they experience. Limitations of the current study included the lack of control group, limited sample size, and the low presence of distress. Future research should continue to explore all the elements of PN and its effect on distress, while considering the contributing effects of specific barriers and barrier types.
What it Means to Feel Prepared to Teach: A Mixed Methods Investigation into Preservice English Language Arts Teachers' Perceptions of Preparedness.

KRAUT, NAOMI JANE. What it Means to Feel Prepared to Teach: A Mixed Methods Investigation into Preservice English Language Arts Teachers’ Perceptions of Preparedness. (Under the direction of Dr. Carl A. Young.) With university-based teacher preparation programs currently under fire, and with calls for teacher preparation programs to be re-thought, re-designed, and held to new standards of accountability, it is a critical time for research into the preparation of teachers. While we know that teacher education matters for teacher effectiveness (Darling-Hammond, 2006), researchers have called for more evidence and research into teacher preparation, specifically multifaceted research approaches that go beyond using test scores as metrics (Cochran-Smith, 2006). This study provides a rich and dynamic look at teacher preparation through an examination of preservice English language arts (ELA) teachers’ perceptions of preparedness to teach at the end of their teacher preparation program. Using a sample of an undergraduate and a graduate cohort of preservice middle and secondary ELA teachers enrolled in a College of Education teacher preparation program at a large research university in the Southeast, I employed a mixed methods design to explore the essence of feeling prepared to teach. Results from the study indicate that feeling prepared to teach is a complex and nuanced phenomenon, in part because perceptions of preparedness are task specific. Preservice ELA teachers’ definitions of preparedness and the factors impacting their perceptions of readiness to teach are dependent on teacher candidates’ backgrounds and dispositions, and they hinge on the experience of student teaching. These results yield implications for selecting and supporting preservice ELA teachers; selecting, matching and evaluating cooperating teachers; and leveraging the role that teachers outside of the cooperating teacher play in preparing preservice ELA teachers for the classroom.
Persistence of Minimal Residual Disease Assessed By Multi-Parameter Flow Cytometry (MFC) at 30 and 90 Days after Achieving Complete Remission Predicts Outcome in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Purpose – To determine the value of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) assessed by Multi-parameter Flow Cytometry (MFC) after achieving initial response to therapy, in predicting outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Methods – We investigated the predictive value of MRD assessment by MFC in 191 patients with newly diagnosed AML treated between February 2010 and April 2014 at our institution who had available MRD assessment. MRD by MFC was assessed using an 8-color panel containing 19 distinct markers, on bone marrow specimens obtained at the time of achievement of CR and at approximately 30 days and 90 days after achieving CR. Residual leukemic blasts were identified based on phenotypic differences from normal myelomonocytic precursors. Sensitivity was estimated at 0.1% in most cases, with maximum achievable sensitivity of 0.01%, depending on the leukemic phenotype. Results – Of the 191 patients, 167 (87%) achieved complete remission (CR) or CR without platelet recovery (CRp). Their median age was 58 years (Range, 17-85). 84 (44%) were older than 60 years. Median WBC at presentation was 3.2 x 10 9 /L(Range, 0.5-100.2 x 10 9 /L) and median bone marrow blast percentage was 43% (Range, 11-96%). Cytogenetics was favorable risk in 4 (2%), intermediate risk in130 (68%) and adverse risk in 57 (30%). Treatment included cytarabine plus anthracycline in 170 (89%) and hypomethylating agents-based strategies in 21 (11%). 48 patients had available samples at 30 days post CR and 32 (67%) became MRD negative. Achieving MRD negative status was associated with a statistically significant improvement in CR duration (p=0.02) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.0005). 56 patients were evaluated for MRD status at 90 days and 45 (80%) were negative. Again, achieving MRD negative status was associated with a significant improvement in CR duration (p=0.002) and OS (p=0.0009). Conclusion – Achieving MRD negative status by MFC at 30 and 90 days post CR is associated with an improved outcome in patients with AML Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Developing of natural science teaching materials character-based in science technology and society (STS) approach

Teaching materials that link aspects of science, environment, technology, and society, as well as teaching materials that contain character values, are not yet in school. For this reason, this study is conducted to describe the feasibility of teaching materials developed in terms of the aspects of validity, practicality, effectiveness, and character achievement. This research includes research and development (R&D) that refers to the ADDIE model. The subjects of the trial from this study were 33 VIIIH class students of SMP 1 Banjarmasin. The research instruments used included the validation sheet, lesson plan implementation sheet, learning outcome test, and self-assessment sheet. The results of data analysis show that the natural science teaching material developed has a very good validation category; practical, which can be done very well; effectiveness with effective categories; and the achievement of students’ character is a very good category. It was concluded that natural science teaching materials character-based appropriate were used on the subject matter of vibrations, waves, and sounds for middle school in science technology and society (STS) approach.
The Uproar Over Gene-Edited Babies: A Semantic Network Analysis of CRISPR on Twitter

ABSTRACT CRISPR-Cas9, a recent gene editing technology, has potential to greatly impact medicine, agriculture, and the environment; therefore, it is increasingly important to understand the public’s perceptions surrounding this technology. This study examined the main themes of CRISPR during a nine-month period on Twitter through semantic network analysis. Three additional networks (before, initial, and after-event stages) were created to understand the effects of the “CRISPR babies” news event. Four themes emerged in the overall network: (1) research/applications of CRISPR, (2) the “CRISPR babies” event, (3) agricultural regulations for biotechnology, and (4) advancements in muscular dystrophy research. The “CRISPR babies” news story dominated the initial and after-event stage network clusters, indicating major events may impact how users discuss socio-scientific issues in online media. The sentiment surrounding CRISPR was mixed, demonstrating concerns over this technology. This study reveals the potential of social media as a tool to understand public discussions around new technologies.
Mid-infrared emissivity of nylon, cotton, acrylic, and polyester fabrics as a function of moisture content

The effectiveness of material to emit energy as thermal radiation is important in determining the apparent temperature in infrared thermographic measurements. For this reason, a number of measurements of the thermal emissivity in the mid-infrared thermographic (8–12 µm) region have been reported for fabrics. However, many fabrics adsorb moisture from the air, and condensed water has a relatively high thermal emissivity. In this manuscript, we report measurements of adsorption isotherms and mid-infrared thermal emissivity for nylon, cotton, polyester, and acrylic as a function of their moisture content in weight percent at temperatures just above ambient. We find that the order of water mass percentage gain for the fabrics in high humidity conditions are polyester < acrylic < nylon < cotton. The thermal emissivity is ∼0.88 independent of moisture content for the fabrics polyester, cotton, and nylon, while acrylic shows a pronounced increase in thermal emissivity as moisture content increases, ranging from ɛ ∼ 0.81 at low humidity conditions to ɛ ∼ 0.88 under high humidity conditions. In this work, emissivity measurements are made by imaging through a novel infrared window made from household cling wrap and interpreted with equations that are independent of window transmittance and sample temperature.
Physiological impacts of Ajapajapa Yogic Meditation on HRV index, RMSSD, PNN50, Heart Rate and GSR following three-month training course in comparison to F.G. Meditation

The findings of this study is based on following, comparing and contrasting certain physiological effects of two types of meditation—Ajapajapa Yogic Meditation (AYM) in combination with Anapanasati on one hand and Farshad’s Geometric Meditation (FGM) on the other hand—on practitioners of these sets of meditative techniques. To assess physiological impacts of Ajapajapa Yogic Meditation (AYM) on the treatment of psychological stress and anxiety in comparison to FGM, we initially recruited 72 St. Aloysius College students to take part in this meditation research program. Then they were randomly assigned into 3 groups including AYM, FGM and control group. Prior to and following the AYM and FGM courses, the pre and post experimental physiological data were collected using Vilistus to register Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), Proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN (PNN50), Heart Rate and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) signals. The total number of volunteers from whom the post experimental data were collected was 62. For each meditation group we conducted a three-month meditation program, 3 one-hour sessions per week. In both experimental groups, statistically significant reduction in the heart rate and GSR and also increase in RMSSD, PNN50 and HRV index were seen in comparison to the control group. Since AYM and FGM both seem to be effective methods for the reduction of psychological stress and anxiety, they could be adopted in clinical populations. Moreover, the implementation of these methods for stress management can also be suggested.
AGU Centennial Grand Challenge: Volcanoes and Deep Carbon Global CO2 Emissions From Subaerial Volcanism—Recent Progress and Future Challenges

Quantifying the global volcanic CO2 output from subaerial volcanism is key for a better understanding of rates and mechanisms of carbon cycling in and out of our planet and their consequences for the long‐term evolution of Earth's climate over geological timescales. Although having been the focus of intense research since the early 1990s, and in spite of recent progress, the global volcanic CO2 output remains inaccurately known. Here we review past developments and recent progress and examine limits and caveats of our current understanding and challenges for future research. We show that CO2 flux measurements are today only available for ~100 volcanoes (cumulative measured flux, 44 Tg CO2/year), implying that extrapolation is required to account for the emissions of the several hundred degassing volcanoes worldwide. Recent extrapolation attempts converge to indicate that persistent degassing through active crater fumaroles and plumes releases ~53–88 Tg CO2/year, about half of which is released from the 125 most actively degassing subaerial volcanoes (36.4 ± 2.4 Tg CO2/year from strong volcanic gas emitters, Svge). The global CO2 output sustained by diffuse degassing via soils, volcanic lakes, and volcanic aquifers is even less well characterized but could be as high as 83 to 93 Tg CO2/year, rivaling that from the far more manifest crater emissions. Extrapolating these current fluxes to the past geological history of the planet is challenging and will require a new generation of models linking subduction parameters to magma and volatile (CO2) fluxes.
Lifelong Learning Policies for Young Adults in Europe

This comprehensive collection discusses topical issues essential to both scholarship and policy making in the realm of Lifelong Learning policies and how far they succeed in supporting young people across their life courses, rather than one-sidedly fostering human capital for the economy. Examining specific regional and local contexts across Europe, all various in context, this book uses original research to evaluate differences in scope, approach, orientation, and objectives. It enquires into the embedding of LLL policies into the regional economy, the labour market, education and training systems and the individual life projects of young people, with focus on those in situations of near social exclusion.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the snakehead (Channa gachua) and its phylogeny

Abstract In present study, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Channa gachua was determined and the phylogenetic relationship of Channidae fish was reconsidered. The mitogenome of the C. gachua is 16547 bp in length, containing 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosome RNA genes (rRNAs), a control region (D-loop) and an origin region of replication on the light-strand (OL). The overall nucleotide composition is 28.32% A, 26.58% T, 29.41% C, 15.69% G, with 54.90% AT, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that C. gachua belongs to the genus Channa and shares a close relationship with C. marulius and C. striata.
Diabetes-related nutrition knowledge and dietary adherence in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mixed-methods exploratory study

Aim: The aim of the study is to gain insights into the relationship between diabetes-related nutrition knowledge (DRNK) and diet quality in Singapore. Methods: Forty-two participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital. DRNK and diet quality were ascertained with the DRNK questionnaire and Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010, respectively. Twenty-one semi-structured interviews of perceived barriers and enablers to adherence to dietary guidelines were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed. Results: Participants had a poor mean percentage DRNK score of 39.7% (±17.7) and diet quality of 54.2% (±9.4). Pearson’s correlation tests revealed no correlation between DRNK and diet quality (r –0.29; p=0.065) but suggest a moderate positive correlation between DRNK and psychosocial self-efficacy (r 0.41; p=0.008). Thematic analysis revealed six barriers (obesogenic environment; lack of time; conflict between advice and personal values; stress from external sources; lack of personal motivation; gaps in DRNK) and four enablers (personal motivation to improve condition; fear of T2DM complications; sufficient DRNK; presence of social support) to adherence to dietary guidelines. Conclusion: DRNK may not correlate with adherence to dietary guidelines; multiple mediating factors are identified when translating DRNK to practice.
Barriers to coexistence limit the poleward range of a globally-distributed plant

Species’ poleward ranges are thought to be primarily limited by climatic constraints rather than biotic interactions such as competition. However, theory suggests that a species’ tolerance to competition is reduced in harsh environments, such as at the extremes of its climatic niche. This implies that under certain conditions, interspecific competition near species’ range margins can prevent the establishment of populations into otherwise tolerable environments and results in geographic distributions being shaped by the interaction of climate and competition. We test this prediction by challenging an experimentally-parameterized mechanistic competition model to predict the poleward range boundaries of two widely co-occurring and ecologically-similar aquatic duckweed plants. We show that simple, mechanistic ecological niche models which include competition and thermal response terms best predict the northern range limits of our study species, outperforming competition-free mechanistic models and matching the predictive ability of popular statistical niche models fit to occurrence records. Next, using the theoretical framework of modern coexistence theory, we show that relative nonlinearity in competitors’ responses to temperature fluctuations maintains coexistence at the subordinate competitor’s poleward range boundary, highlighting the importance of this underappreciated fluctuation-dependent coexistence mechanism. Our results demonstrate the predictive utility of mechanistic niche models and support a more nuanced, interactive role of climate and species interactions in determining range boundaries, which may help explain the conflicting results from previous tests of classic range limit theory and contribute to a more mechanistic understanding of range dynamics under global change.