Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GECO: An Eye-tracking Corpus of Bilingual Reading 1 Presenting GECO: An Eye-tracking Corpus of Monolingual and Bilingual Sentence Reading

This paper introduces GECO, the Ghent Eye-tracking Corpus, a monolingual and bilingual corpus of eye-tracking data of participants reading a complete novel. English monolinguals and Dutch-English bilinguals read an entire novel, which was presented in paragraphs on the screen. The bilinguals read half of the novel in their first language, and the other half in their second language. In this paper we describe the distributions and descriptive statistics of the most important reading time measures for the two groups of participants. This large eye-tracking corpus is perfectly suited for both exploratory purposes as well as more directed hypothesis testing, and it can guide the formulation of ideas and theories about naturalistic reading processes in a meaningful context. Most importantly, this corpus has the potential to evaluate the generalizability of monolingual and bilingual language theories and models to reading of long texts and narratives. The corpus is freely available at http://expsy.ugent. be/downloads/geco.
Income inequality is associated with low cumulative antiretroviral adherence in persons with HIV

Background: The adherence biomarker tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS) is associated with viral suppression and predicts future viremia. However, its association with social determinants of health (SDoH) in people with HIV (PWH) remains unknown. Methods: DBS for TFV-DP were longitudinally collected from a clinical cohort of PWH receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based therapy (up to 3 visits over 48-weeks) residing in five Colorado counties. To assign SDoH, zip codes at enrollment were matched with SDoH data from AIDSVu (https://aidsvu.org/). SDoH included household income, percent living in poverty, education level and income inequality (quantified using Gini coefficient, where 0 and 1 represent perfect income equality and inequality, respectively). Log-transformed TFV-DP concentrations were analyzed using a mixed-effects model to estimate percent change [95% CI] in TFV-DP for every significant change in the SDoH and adjusted for relevant covariates including age, gender, race, eGFR, BMI, hematocrit, CD4 + T-cell count, antiretroviral drug class and three-month self-reported adherence. Results: Data from 430 PWH totaling 950 person-visits were analyzed. In an adjusted analysis, income inequality was inversely associated with TFV-DP in DBS. For every 0.1 increase in the Gini coefficient, TFV-DP concentrations decreased by 9.2% [-0.5, -17.1; P=0.039]. This remained significant after adjusting for HIV viral suppression, where a 0.1 increase in Gini was associated with a decrease of 8.7% [-0.3, -17.9; P=0.042] in TFV-DP. Conclusions: Higher income inequality was associated with lower cumulative antiretroviral adherence. These findings support the need for further research on how SDoH impact adherence and clinical care.
Effect of Velocity Variation at High Swirl on Axial Flow Development inside a Can Combustor

The main purpose of this paper is to study the internal flow effect of varying the inlet velocities inside a combustor. The flow field inside the combustor is controlled by the liner shape and size, wall side holes shape, size and arrangement (primary, secondary and dilution holes), and primary air swirler configuration. Air swirler adds sufficient swirling to the inlet flow to generate central recirculation region (CRZ) which is necessary for flame stability and fuel air mixing enhancement. Therefore, designing an appropriate air swirler is a challenge to produce stable, efficient and low emission combustion with low pressure losses. Four various injection velocities from 30m/s to 60m/s with radial vanes angle of 50 degree were used in this analysis to show velocity effect on the internal flow field. The flow behavior was investigated numerically using CFD solver Ansys 14.0. This study has provided the characteristic insight into the flow pattern inside the combustion chamber. Results show that the swirling action is augmented with the increase in the injection velocity, which leads to increase in core reverse flow, thus enhancing mixing of fuel and air in the combustion chamber.
3 Rtt109 chRomatin modifieR Regulates mutagenic dna damage bypass

Mutations have been a driving force in the evolution of every organism. Although they can be beneficial, in most of the cases they lead to protein dysfunction, which in turn can impair important cellular pathways and cause diseases such as cancer. Mutations arise primarily from processing of DNA lesions that are induced by environmental threats or by endogenous cellular metabolism. Although cells have evolved mechanisms for the repair of DNA damage, they can also tolerate (unrepaired) DNA lesions that may pose blocks to replication forks. To date, template switching and translesion synthesis (TLS) are the best-characterized DNA damage tolerance pathways. The first process is error-free while the latter can be mutagenic. How DNA damage tolerance is regulated in the context of chromatin is largely unclear. Here, we report on a new role for the histone acetyltransferase Rtt109 in TLS. Our results suggest that Rttt109 affects DNA damage bypass mediated by different TLS polymerases.
PREVALENCE OF URINARY CANDIDA SPECIES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

: Background: Worldwide, urinary tract infection is found most common problem caused by microbial invasion to different tissues of urinary tract. There has been a marked increase in fungal infections involving the urinary tract, of which candida species are the most prevalent. Objective: To determine the prevalence of candida isolates from urine of patients reporting to Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2013 to December 2013 among 4069 urine cultures of patients aged 18 years and above of either gender. Urine samples were taken in a sterilized container and were cultured using standard techniques. Candida isolates were identified by Lactophenol blue wet films and Gram stain. SPSS-17 was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and chi square test was applied to see the associations. Results: Among 4069 patients, 37.6% were male and 62.4% were female. Female patients revealed higher incidence of candida speciesin urine (7%) than that of male patients (3.2%) while there was no difference of Candida species isolations among ward and outdoor female (7.4% and 6.3%) and male patients (3.3% and 3%). The results shows significant association of urine culture result with gender, age and setting among patient <2 years. Conclusion: Urinary tract infections caused by Candida species often encountered in both out-patients and in-patients in this study. Females were more commonly affected than males.
Gamifying formative assessment to improve speaking accuracy and motivation in EFL learners

Education First (2019) reported that there has been a consistent very low English proficiency in Ecuadorian learners, whose score was 46.57 out of 100. Similarly, some findings done in Ecuador have evidenced the necessity to contribute to the speaking skill area. Therefore, this article focused on the analysis of the effects of a gamified formative assessment process through Factile on learners’ skills in speaking accuracy and to increase their motivation to communicate in L2. The study reports the findings of action research. It used two groups, the control group and experimental group, whose data are compared through the use of quantitative instruments. The pre-post tests and pre-post surveys were Vol. 5, Núm. CININGEC2020 (2020) used to answer two research questions: 1. To what extent does Formative assessment through the use of Factile improve learners’ speaking accuracy skills? 2. Does students’ motivation toward speaking English increase due to the implementation of the innovation? Findings support previous studies. First, it revealed that applying a gamified formative assessment process through Factile improved learners’ speaking accuracy. The effect size was large, Cohen d= 1,11844. Second, it proved that the implementation of the innovation engaged learners and increase their motivation to use L2 in speaking. However, it is recommended to conduct more studies to contribute to the development of speaking skills, as well as regarding the use of Factile to facilitate formative assessment. The results of the present study have implications to conduct subsequent research in the same field of study.
AHSG tagSNPs associate with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: studies of metabolic traits in 7,683 Danish whites

Objective: The gene encoding the α 2 Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein, AHSG , is a credible biological and positional candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, and previous attempts to relate AHSG variation with type 2 diabetes and obesity in Swedish and French Caucasians have been largely successful. We related seven frequent AHSG tagSNPs to a range of metabolic traits including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Research Design And Methods: The polymorphisms were genotyped in 7,683 Danish whites using Taqman allelic discrimination or chip-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, providing a statistical power of more than 99% to replicate previous findings. Data were analysed in case-control and haplotype settings, and quantitative metabolic traits were examined for association. Moreover, epistatic effects between AHSG variants and IRS1 and ADRB2 polymorphisms were investigated. Results: The -469T>G (rs2077119) and IVS6+98C>T (rs2518136) polymorphisms were associated with type 2 diabetes ( P =0.007 and P =0.006, respectively, or P corr =0.04 and P corr =0.03 following correction for multiple hypothesis testing), and in a combined analysis of the present and a previous study -469T>G remained significant (OR 0.90 [0.84-0.97], P =0.007). Furthermore, two AHSG haplotypes were associated with dyslipidemia ( P =0.003, P corr =0.009). Thr248Met (rs4917) tended to associate with lower fasting and post-OGTT serum insulin release ( P =0.02, P corr =0.1 for fasting and P =0.04, P corr =0.2 for area under the insulin curve) and improved insulin sensitivity estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (9.0 mmol/l ⋅ pmol/l mmol/l P =0.01, P corr =0.06). Indications of epistatic effects of AHSG variants with the IRS1 Gly971Arg polymorphism were observed for fasting serum triglyceride concentrations. Conclusions: Based upon present and previous findings common variation in AHSG may contribute to the inter-individual variation in metabolic traits.
Regulation of Rnd3 Localization and Function By PKC α -Mediated Phosphorylation

The Rnd proteins (Rnd1, Rnd2 and Rnd3/RhoE) form a distinct branch of the Rho family of small GTPases. Altered Rnd3 expression causes changes in cytoskeletal organization and cell cycle progression. Rnd3 functions to decrease RhoA activity, but how Rnd3 itself is regulated to cause these changes is still under investigation. Unlike other Rho family proteins, Rnd3 is regulated not by GTP/GDP cycling, but at the level of expression and by posttranslational modifications such as prenylation and phosphorylation. We show here that, upon PKC agonist stimulation, Rnd3 undergoes an electrophoretic mobility shift and its subcellular localization becomes enriched at internal membranes. These changes are blocked by inhibition of conventional PKC isoforms and do not occur in PKC α -null cells or to a nonphosphorylatable mutant of Rnd3. We further show that PKC α directly phosphorylates Rnd3 in an in vitro kinase assay. Additionally, we provide evidence that the phosphorylation status of Rnd3 has a direct effect on its ability to block signaling from the Rho-ROCK pathway. These results identify an additional mechanism of regulation and provide clarification of how Rnd3 modulates Rho signaling to alter cytoskeletal organization. that PKC α mediated phosphorylation of Rnd3 leads to increased signaling through the Rho-ROCK signaling pathway. We suggest that phosphorylation of Rnd3 leads to relocalization away from sites where it can antagonize signaling from the Rho-ROCK pathway, thus leading to remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. We offer compelling evidence that Rnd3 may represent an important link directly connecting PKC α with the Rho-ROCK pathway and the myriad of cell responses they control through cytoskeletal organization via actomyosin contractility.
Exploiting bacterial isolates for diesel degrading potential under in vitro conditions

Hydrocarbon contaminated oil-spilled areas and oil-products have caused serious harm with increasing attention for development, implementation and removal of these contaminants. Bacterial diversity on succession at the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated environment can give answer the problem. Such lands have serious problems as totally barren or with rare plantation. Bacteria can thereby be exploited for the mitigation of hydrocarbon to enhance the nutrient availability for vegetation. Present study involves collection of soil samples heavily-contaminated with hydrocarbon from Bagru, Rajasthan. Samples were analysed by solid liquid extraction method followed by FTIR and HPLC analysis. During microbiological analysis hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were screened. FTIR spectral analysis indicated the presence of the functional groups alkanes and aromatic ringed compounds; 43–69% hydrocarbon content recorded by HPLC analysis of all the soil samples respectively. From the soil samples six gram-positive and four gram-negative bacterial isolates were explored possessing hydrocarbon degrading capacities in the range 47.04–87.31% and 10.12–95.24% respectively. Growth kinetic studies revealed the degradation upto 1000 ppm diesel in 3 days under in vitro conditions. These bacteria can further be exploited for diesel degradation and will certainly propose a possible solution to the prevailing issue for its biodegradation in ex situ conditions after upscaling.
Typing of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from turkey by genotypic methods, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence gene patterns: a retrospective study

In this retrospective study, typing ability, discriminatory power and concordance between typing results obtained on 123 Campylobacter jejuni turkey isolates, collected in 1998, within 14 different farms, applying Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), 35 Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), determination of antibiotic resistance profile and virulence gene pattern, were assessed and 36 compared. Overall, 33 Sequence Types (ST), 28 pulsotypes, 10 resistotypes and 5 pathotypes were identified. MLST and PFGE showed 37 the better discriminatory ability (i.e., Simpson’s diversity index (DI) > 0.90) as well as unidirectional (i.e., Wallace and adjusted Wallace 38 coefficients > 0.86) and bidirectional (i.e., adjusted Rand coefficient > 0.60) concordance. Moreover, both methods showed a good 39 unidirectional and bidirectional concordance with the resistotype. On the contrary, the congruence of both genotyping methods and 40 resistotype with the pathotype seemed due to chance alone. A clonal relationship was identified among 66.7% of the isolates. 59.7 % of 41 the investigated isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials and 91.93% to tetracycline. All the isolates harbored cadF and pldA 42 genes, whereas a flaA gene product and a cdtB gene product were amplified from 85.4% and 79.7% of the isolates using the primers 43 designed by Bang et al. (2003). 85.4 and 79.7% showed the presence of flaA and cdtB genes, respectively. The results of this study clarify 44 the level of genetic diversity among the C. jejuni originating from turkeys. MLST level of correlation with PFGE, resistotype and 45 pathotype is assessed. This result supports the selection of type and number of typing methods to use in epidemiological studies. Finally, the identification of Clonal Complexes (CC) (i.e., groups of profiles differing by no more than one gene from at least one other profile of the group using the entire MLST
The impact of minimum wage on the labour market of an economy with a large informal sector. The case of Indonesia

This thesis evaluates the impact on minimum wage on labour market participation in an economy with a large informal sector. In Indonesia, minimum wages are set up at the provincial level, following national directives. In 2001, West Sumatra significantly increased its minimum wage, while most of the other provinces did not, thus offering a perfect quasi-natural experimental setting. The objective of this research is to discuss how this increase in minimum wage influenced the participation of non-governmental workers.1 I used synthetic control method to analysis the effect directly on the aggregate values for the employment level and the proportion of informal workers among employed individuals. I found that the minimum wage resulted in a shift from the informal to the formal sector: without changing the number of non-governmental employed workers, the increase in minimum wage reduced the share of informal workers by 6% within the six years following the intervention. I also found that the increase in minimum wage did not not have any significant impact on workers aged 30 or less. 1The informal sector being underrepresented among governmental workers, I focused on non-governmental workers only.
Feed intake and urinary excretion of nitrogen and purine derivatives in pregnant suckler cows fed alternative roughage-based diets

This study compared intake of alternative roughage-based diets and of common late-cut grass silage and related intake to urinary nitrogen (N), urea-N and purine derivative (PD) excretion, where PD is an indicator of rumen microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis. Total urine was collected from 36 Hereford cows, blocked into three groups based on expected calving date. Cows within calving groups were randomly assigned to one of four roughage diets: common mixed grass silage (MGS), festulolium silage plus urea (FLS), reed canarygrass silage (RCS) and barley straw plus urea and rapeseed meal (BRM). Diet crude protein (CP) content was classi ﬁ ed into ﬁ ve fractions (A, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and C), based on degradability characteristics. Feed intake and urinary excretion data were analysed by ANOVA in a randomised block design. To further explain the ANOVA results, multiple regression analyses were conducted to study relationships between intakes of total N (g/d); sum of the CP fractions A, B 1 and B 2 (AB 1 B 2 ; g/d), most of which is considered rumen-degradable; digestible organic matter (DOMI; kg/ d); protein balance in the rumen (g/kg dry matter); and urinary excretion of N, urea-N (g/d) and PD (mmol/d). Urinary N and urea-N excretion was positively related to N intake and was better explained by N intake than intake of AB 1 B 2 . Feeding BRM resulted in the lowest N intake and urinary N output ( P <0.001). Cows fed MGS, FLS and RCS had similar N intake, but urinary N and urea-N excretion was signi ﬁ cantly higher ( P <0.001) in cows fed RCS, which probably was attributable to the signi ﬁ cantly lower DOMI of this diet ( P <0.001). Furthermore, addition of DOMI to N intake in the multiple regression analysis increased the proportion of explained variation in urinary N and urea-N excretion. The MGS and FLS diets stimulated rumen MCP pro- duction to a greater extent than the BRM diet, as indicated by the higher urinary output of PD in cows fed the grass silage-based diets ( P <0.001). Diet had no signi ﬁ cant e ﬀ ect on urinary PD excretion when expressed per kg DOMI. Overall mean urinary creatinine excretion was 0.197±0.047 mmol/kg body weight, with no signi ﬁ cant e ﬀ ect of diet. This study showed that intake of both N and DOM need to be assessed when choosing a suitable alternative roughage diet for suckler cows, in order to prevent undesirable losses of urinary N.
The role of spinal cord tractography in detecting lesions following selective bladder afferent and efferent fibers injury: A novel method for induction of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in rabbit

Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), a challenging disorder, is defined by lack of bladder control due to the abnormalities in neural pathways and can be classified based on the location of lesions within the nervous system, thus investigating the neural pathways can help us to know the site of the lesion and specify the class of the NLUTD. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) tractography, a noninvasive advanced imaging method, is capable of detecting central nervous system pathologies, even if routine magnetic resonance imaging shows no abnormality. Accordingly, tractography is an ideal technique to evaluate patients with NLUTD and visualize the pathology site within the spine. This study aimed to introduce a novel method of spinal cord injury (SCI) to establish NLUTD in the rabbit and to investigate the potential of tractography in tracing neural tracts of the spinal cord in an induced NLUTD animal model.
A 15‐year follow‐up study of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with tachycardia‐bradycardia syndrome

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with tachycardia‐bradycardia syndrome (TBS) can be a major therapeutic option to replace permanent pacemaker implantation (PMI). However, the very long‐term outcome of more than 15 years in these patients has not been elucidated.
Comparison of the host response to larvicidal and nonlarvicidal treatment of naturally acquired cyathostomin infections in horses

This study aimed to collect information on local and systemic inflammatory responses, and goblet cell‐associated components, following anthelmintic treatment with moxidectin and ivermectin in horses naturally infected with cyathostomin parasites. Thirty‐six horses aged 2–5 years of age were randomly allocated to three groups. Group 1 received ivermectin/praziquantel (0.2 mg/kg), Group 2 received moxidectin/praziquantel (0.4 mg/kg) and Group 3 were untreated controls. Tissue samples from the Cecum, Dorsal and Ventral Colons were used for histopathological evaluation and preserved for RNA isolation and gene expression analysis. Whole blood was collected weekly for gene expression analysis as well. The control group had significantly higher inflammation associated with higher larval scores. The treatment groups displayed no differences in larval counts and inflammatory cell populations (p > .05). Mucosal larval counts were positively correlated with goblet cell hyperplasia scores (p = .047). The moxidectin‐treated group had a significantly lower expression of IFN‐γ (p < .05). The data suggest that removal of cyathostomins reduced the pro‐inflammatory response associated with cyathostomin infections. Pro‐inflammatory reactions associated with anthelmintic treatment were minimal, but lowest for moxidectin‐treated horses. Results suggested that cecum, ventral and dorsal colons responded differently to cyathostomin larvae, which may have implications in the disease process.