Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feedback in the Dark Domain

Abstract In order to clarify the physics of AGN feedback and feeding, we need to understand the interstellar medium (ISM) in the central several tens of parsecs in galaxies where our observational and theoretical knowledge is relatively poor. Here we discuss feedback processes due to strong far UV and X-ray radiation, as well as the dynamical effect of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) based on new high-resolution numerical simulations of the ISM in the central R ≤ 32 pc region around a SMBH at the center of a galaxy.
Diffraction of a plane wave by a thick strip grating

The diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave by a thick strip grating is solved rigorously by the Wiener-Hopf technique. The solution contains an infinite number of unknowns, which are shown to satisfy a certain infinite set of equations. By applying the modified residue calculus technique, this set of equations is solved and the approximate solution is derived. Representative numerical examples are given and the transmission characteristics of the grating are discussed. >
Effects of Cloudiness on the High-Latitude Surface Radiation Budget

Abstract Ten years of hourly data on radiation, cloud and temperature collected at Resolute, Canada (75°N) show that with respect to clear skies: (i) clouds of all types, heights and extents heat the surface when it is snow-covered; (ii) low clouds certainly cool and high clouds probably warm the surface when it is snow-free; (iii) the transition to scattered then broken then complete cloud cover is accompanied, at least over snow-covered surfaces, by mostly monotonic changes in most radiation-balance quantities, including net radiation; (iv) cirriform overcasts alter the surface radiation climate by relatively strong greenhouse heating offset by relatively modest attenuation of solar radiation, and our empirical results help to substantiate recent model calculations of the cirrus greenhouse effect. There appears to be no difference in the albedo of bare ground between clear-sky and cirriform overcast conditions, but under stratiform overcasts the albedo of bare ground is on average ∼3% below the value fo.
Static Stability in the Extratropical Tropopause Region

Abstract Idealized axisymmetric anomalies of potential vorticity (PV) on a midlatitude f plane and their related response in terms of balanced wind and temperature are investigated with special focus on the static stability in the tropopause region. The PV anomalies are specified such that they can be interpreted as the result of conservative advection in the tropopause region across the gradients of a prescribed background atmosphere with piecewise constant buoyancy frequency squared N2. Related cyclones and anticyclones are treated identically except for the sign of the tropopause potential temperature anomaly. Composite profiles of N2 are computed, for which the thermal tropopause is used as a common reference level and where the number of cyclones in the composite equals the number of anticyclones. One obtains a pronounced peak of N2 just above the tropopause and slightly enhanced values below the tropopause in comparison with the background profile. Within the framework of PV inversion various mechan.
Effects of Chest Physiotherapy in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Preterm birth carries a higher risk of respiratory problems. The objectives of the study are to summarize the evidence on the effect of chest physiotherapy in the treatment of respiratory difficulties in preterm infants, and to determine the most appropriate technique and whether they are safe. Searches were made in PubMed, WOS, Scopus, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycArticle and VHL until 30 April 2022. Eligibility criteria were study type, full text, language, and treatment type. No publication date restrictions were applied. The MINCIR Therapy and PEDro scales were used to measure the methodological quality, and the Cochrane risk of bias and Newcastle Ottawa quality assessment Scale to measure the risk of bias. We analysed 10 studies with 522 participants. The most common interventions were conventional chest physiotherapy and stimulation of the chest zone according to Vojta. Lung compression and increased expiratory flow were also used. Heterogeneities were observed regarding the duration of the interventions and the number of participants. The methodological quality of some articles was not adequate. All techniques were shown to be safe. Benefits were described after conventional chest physiotherapy, Vojta’s reflex rolling, and lung compression interventions. Improvements after Vojta’s reflex rolling are highlighted in the comparative studies.
Pigouvian Policies under Behavioral Motives

This study investigates the role of Pigouvian policy when producers and consumers may have direct preferences or “behavioral motives” that cause them to take voluntary actions to address externalities. Building from microfoundations, I construct a model of behavioral motives and analyze their implications for policy. In addition to the damage function, the optimal Pigouvian price will depend upon behavioral responses to policy and normative judgments regarding whether behavioral motives are welfare relevant. The “normative uncertainty” regarding whether behavioral motives are welfare relevant may be even more consequential for the optimal Pigouvian tax than uncertainty regarding the damage function. Thus, focusing solely on careful empirical estimation of behavioral motives is insufficient for setting policy. I elucidate diverse applications for the model and discuss normative implications for existing research on green markets, warm glow, and social and moral norms.
The effects of phytase and a multicarbohydrase complex containing α-galactosidase on performance, processing yield, and nutrient digestibility in the broiler chicken

ABSTRACT A 42-day experiment assessed the effects of phytase and a multicarbohydrase complex containing α-galactosidase (CAG) on broiler performance, processing yield, and nutrient digestibility. Exactly 2250-day-old male broilers were distributed in 90 floor pens and assigned to 1 of 9 treatments (10 replicates). A positive control sufficient in phosphorus (PC-P), a PC sufficient in metabolizable energy (PC-E), and a negative control (NC) with less phosphorus, calcium, and metabolizable energy were formulated. Manufactured using the NC, six additional treatments contained 500 or 1500 FTU/kg of phytase combined with 0, 0.1, or 0.2 g/kg of CAG. Broiler performance was determined on days 14, 28, and 42. Nutrient digestibility and processing yield was determined on days 42 and 43, respectively. Day 1–42 FCR was reduced and fillet yield increased when broilers consumed a 0.2 g/kg CAG diet instead of 0.1 g/kg (P < 0.05). Treatments supplemented with phytase alone or combined with CAG had a 42-day BW comparable to the PC-E and were heavier than the NC except for broilers fed 1500 FTU/kg of phytase and 0.1 g/kg of CAG (P < 0.05). Phytase supplementation alone or in combination with CAG in nutrient deficient diets can improve broiler growth and nutrient utilization.
A Case of Profound Hypertriglyceridemia Causing Pseudohypobicarbonatemia

The light-scattering effect of hypertriglyceridemia may interfere with the photometric analysis of the electrolytes, leading to errors in laboratory values. We present a case of erroneously low bicarbonate levels due to the presence of severe hypertriglyceridemia. A 49-year-old male was admitted for knee cellulitis. A comprehensive metabolic panel showed very low bicarbonate of <5 mmol/L, and an elevated anion gap of 26 mmol/L. The lactic acid, salicylic acid, ethanol, and methanol levels were normal. The lipid panel showed a remarkably high triglyceride level of 4846 mg/dL. An arterial blood gas (ABG) showed a normal pH of 7.39 and a bicarbonate level of 28 mmol/L, which was inconsistent with the metabolic acidosis seen in the blood test. The discrepancy between acidosis seen in the metabolic panel and ABG was explained by a lab error in the measured bicarbonate levels, which occurs in the presence of elevated triglyceride levels. Most laboratories use either an enzymatic/ photometric or an indirect ion-selective electrode method to measure bicarbonate. Hyperlipidemia interferes with photometric analysis due to its light-scattering effect. An ABG analyzer uses a direct ion-selective electrode method that is free of the errors of a photometric analyzer. Knowing about conditions like hypertriglyceridemia, which can interfere with the measurement of electrolytes, is important in everyday clinical medicine, as it can prevent unnecessary investigation and intervention.
Density functional theory study of energetics, local chemical environment and magnetic properties in a high-entropic MnNiSi0.2Ge0.2Sn0.2Al0.2Ga0.2 intermetallic magnet

Rare-earth-free magnetostructural MnNiSi-based solid solutions are considered as promising candidates for solid-state cooling applications. In this paper, we use density functional theory calculations to study the energetics, variations in atomic displacements and bond length, and magnetic properties of high-entropic, intermetallic MnNi-X (X = Si0.2Ge0.2Sn0.2Al0.2Ga0.2) magnet in both the low-symmetry Pnma and high-symmetry P63/mmc structures, where we confine the large configurational entropy to the non-magnetic X-site of the compound. Our calculations reveal that the high-entropic chemical substitution of Si0.2Ge0. 2Sn0.2Al0. 2Ga0.2 in the X-site carry fingerprints that favor a reduction in magnetostructural transition temperature with minimal impact of total magnetization. These results motivate a promising path of high-entropic X-site substitutions to tune the magnetostructural properties of MnNiSi-based solid solutions.
The Evolution of Low-Level Rotation in the 29 May 1994 Newcastle–Graham, Texas, Storm Complex during VORTEX

Abstract This paper reports the results of an analysis of airflow evolution in the tornadic Newcastle–Graham, Texas, storm complex of 29 May 1994. A series of seven pseudo-dual-Doppler analyses from 2242 to 2315 are performed from tail radar observations by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration P-3 aircraft. Subjective analyses of quasi-horizontal single-Doppler radar observations provide a detailed look at structure and evolution of the hook echo and the low-level Newcastle mesocyclone. Special emphasis is placed on the evolution of low-level [i.e., below 1 km above ground level (AGL)] rotation of the parent mesoscale circulation of the Newcastle tornado and the origins of mesoscale rotation preceding tornadogenesis. The structure and evolution of the Newcastle and Graham mesocyclones are compared and contrasted. The airborne Doppler analyses reveal that the tornadic Newcastle cell had supercell characteristics and that the Newcastle storm circulation could be classified as a mesocyclone ba.
Archaeological Testing to Determine the National Register Eligibility Status of 18 Prehistoric Sites on Camp Bowie, Brown County, Texas Volume 2

Between the fall of 1999 and the summer of 2001, archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted National Register Eligibility testing on 18 prehistoric sites within Camp Bowie in Brown County, Texas. The work was conducted for the Texas Army National Guard. The sites were recommended for testing during an inventory survey of Camp Bowie conducted between 1993 and 1998 (Wormser and Sullo-Prewitt 2001). Sixteen of the 18 sites tested contained burned rock middens. It was on the basis of that feature type that these sites were recommended for testing. Two sites (41BR261 and 41BR276) lacked burned rock middens, but Wormser and Sullo-Prewitt (2001) recommended these sites for testing based on the presence of diagnostic projectile points and the potential for buried features. As burned rock middens were a major element of the recommendations, much of this report focused on understanding those feature types. In all, 19 middens were tested. On the basis of these testing efforts, CAR recommends that 12 sites (41BR65, 41BR87, 41BR228, 41BR246, 41BR250, 41BR253, 41BR420, 41BR433, 41BR473, 41BR478, 41BR492, and 41BR493) should be considered eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places and warrant designations as State Archeological Landmarks. Either avoidance of these locations, or some form of mitigation on portions of these sites, will be necessary. Our testing suggests that the remaining sites either lack clear evidence of significant data (41BR261 and 41BR276) or have data of questionable integrity (41BR415, 41BR441, 41BR474, and 41BR480). In these cases, CAR recommends that these sites are not eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places and they do not warrant designation as State Archeological Landmarks.
Impedance of a Short Dipole Antenna in a Warm Isotropic Plasma

The impedance of a short dipole antenna with a finite radius is considered using the Vlasov theory of the plasma rather than the simpler hydrodynamic theory. Analytic and numerical computations are presented for the longitudinal portion of the impedance. The results of this paper are compared with similar calculations for spherical antennas and filamental dipole antennas.
COMPUTATION OF CLOSED ORBITS AND BASIC FOCUSING PROPERTIES FOR SECTOR-FOCUSED CYCLOTRONS AND THE DESIGN OF "CYCLOPS"t

The program Cyclops, like the Equilibrium Orbit Code before it, calculates with optimum efficiency all the important properties of the closed orbits and of the linear radial and vertical oscillations about these orbits. Such orbits include both normal equilibrium orbits and those displaced by field perturbations, as well as unstable fixed-point orbits associated with certain nonlinear resonances. Given the median-plane magnetic field in polar coordinates, the program uses direct numerical integration of the canonical equations of motion (together with special iteration and extrapolation procedures for obtaining the correct initial conditions) to calculate these orbit properties as a function of the ion energy over the range available in the given field. At each energy, the output provides values of the focusing frequencies, eigenellipse parameters, and form factors for the linear oscillations, as well as data on the frequency error and phase slip. A reasonably detailed discussion is presented of the theoretical basis for these calculations, along with some applicatons of the results to the design and analysis of sector-focused cyclotrons.
Magnetic structure of Nd2Mo2O7

Neutron diffraction studies have been carried out on a single crystal of the metallic pyrochlore ferromagnet Nd 2 Mo 2 O 7 . The magnetic structures proposed at 4 K is non-collinear for both the Mo- and Nd-moments, where the net moments of the two systems align antiparallel. In the temperature region between the Curie point (∼93 K) and ∼30 K, the moments primarily at Mo sites orders with the ferromagnetic magnetization, where the structure seems to be non-collinear, too. The ordering of the Nd moments gradually develops and becomes significant below ∼20 K with decreasing temperature. Discussion on the relationship between the magnetic structure and the anomalous transport properties is presented.
Optimization of Contention Window and Relay Selection for Efficient Routing Using Fuzzy Logic Model

The rapid increase in vehicle density on roads owing to urbanization and motorization has led to increased risks of roadblocks, traffic jams, and accidents. To ensure the reliability of transportation, it is crucial to have stable and timely transmission of safety messages through Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). However, frequent vehicle movement and changes in the network topology may cause link breakage and packet loss. This paper proposes a solution that uses a fuzzy logic system in both the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and the network layer to broadcast safety messages efficiently. The proposed rule-based model optimizes the Contention Window (CW) and relay selection process to adapt to different traffic conditions. The dynamic CW MAC (DYCW-MAC) model selects the optimum size of CW based on network parameters such as density, velocity, and link quality factor. For multi-hop communication, the model determines the next forwarding relay by considering factors such as direction, velocity difference, coverage factor, and Fast-Expected Transmission Count (F-ETX) between the sender vehicle and surrounding vehicles within its transmission range. The simulation results indicate that the DYCW-MAC model enhances the network throughput and decreases the average packet delay in comparison to other models. On average, the proposed model has a 28% lower throughput standard deviation than other comparable models considered.
Ionospheric investigations using the sweep-frequency pulse technique at oblique incidence

This paper describes the present state of oblique-incidencc investigaLions of Lhc iono sphere, using the sweep-frequency pulse technique, with special reference to the work canied out. at tl? e ~ ational Bureau of Standards. After a short review of the publi hed literature, obhque-lllCldence sweeps are presented showing the diurnal and seasonal variations Oll two east-west paths of lengths 1,150 kilometers and 2,370 kilometers. The discrepancies between observed and calculated maximum usable frequencies are presented for both paths and then various phenomena of interest are shown. Finally, the above phenomena are discussed in the light of existing knowledge and theory and, in particular, it i shown that the discrepancies between observed and calculated maximum usable frequencies are unlikely to be caused by magnetoionic deviation of the ray.
The ethical aspects of exposome research: a systematic review

In recent years, exposome research has been put forward as the next frontier for the study of human health and disease. Exposome research entails the analysis of the totality of environmental exposures and their corresponding biological responses within the human body. Increasingly, this is operationalized by big-data approaches to map the effects of internal as well as external exposures using smart sensors and multiomics technologies. However, the ethical implications of exposome research are still only rarely discussed in the literature. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the academic literature regarding both the exposome and underlying research fields and approaches, to map the ethical aspects that are relevant to exposome research. We identify five ethical themes that are prominent in ethics discussions: the goals of exposome research, its standards, its tools, how it relates to study participants, and the consequences of its products. Furthermore, we provide a number of general principles for how future ethics research can best make use of our comprehensive overview of the ethical aspects of exposome research. Lastly, we highlight three aspects of exposome research that are most in need of ethical reflection: the actionability of its findings, the epidemiological or clinical norms applicable to exposome research, and the meaning and action–implications of bias.
Estimate of Dynamical Predictability from NMC DERF Experiments

Abstract Experiments on dynamical extended range forecasting (DERF) conducted at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) are utilized to obtain estimates of the upper and lower bounds of dynamical predictability for the NMC operational medium-range forecasting systems (MRFS). Owing to the extended range of the integrations (up to 30 days) the upper bound can be estimated without resorting to an empirical model of error growth such as that used by Lorenz (1982). At the root-mean-square error level that equals the climatological standard deviation (about 100 m), the average limit of dynamical predictability is about 14 days, in good agreement with the recent results of Lorenz using the operational forecasting model of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The current level of forecast skill is also evaluated, indicating loss of useful skill at about 6 days, in agreement with criterion of Saha and Van den Dool. This skill level is much below its potential, thereby leaving considera.
Ten Thousand Years of Paleo‐Earthquakes Record of the Magallanes‐Fagnano Plate Boundary Fault in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

The Magallanes‐Fagnano Fault is an active left‐lateral strike‐slip fault that cuts across Tierra del Fuego, forming the boundary between the South American and the Scotia plates. This fault may trigger strong earthquakes, as documented by the occurrence of two Mw ≥ 7.5 in December 1949. However, this region is characterized by one of the shortest historical archives in the world and by a growing population. The geological record is therefore needed in order to characterize the seismic information over a longer time scale and to improve the seismic hazard assessment. We conducted extensive field work, neotectonic mapping and excavated two paleoseismic trenches across one of the sharpest tectonic scarps in the Eastern onshore portion of the fault. Using scarp‐derived colluvial wedges, cross‐cutting relations, and 28 radiocarbon samples, we document evidences of at least six paleo‐earthquakes during the Holocene. Paleoseismic record is particularly accurate for the last two thousand years, for which period we determine an average recurrence interval of 1080 ± 150 years. For repeated earthquakes of same magnitude as the 1949 event, this recurrence interval is compatible both with the known geodetic and geomorphic slip rates. However, “paired earthquakes” in less than one or two centuries may also occur, suggesting that fault behavior could be characterized by irregular seismic cycles.
Effect of loading density and weather conditions on animal welfare and meat quality of slaughter pigs

There are several factors that affect the welfare and meat quality of pigs during pre-slaughter transport. Among various factors, the effects of weather conditions and loading density were studied. A total of 3,726 finishing pigs were allotted to one of nine groups arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design according to the weather conditions (low temperature [LT], under 10 ℃ ; nor - mal temperature [NT], 10 ℃ –24 ℃ ; high temperature [HT], upper 24 ℃ ), and loading density (low density [LD], upper 0.43 m 2 /100 kg; normal density [ND], 0.37–0.43 m 2 /100 kg; high density [HD], under 0.37 m 2 /100 kg). Each treatment group follow as: LTLD, LTND, LTHD, NTLD, NTND, NTHD, HTLD, HTND, HTHD. In terms of carcass composition, pigs had the highest carcass weight and backfat thickness at LT. Comparing the HD transport to the ND transport, the meat quality indicated a lower pH and more drip loss. The incidence rate of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork was high in the order of the HD, LD, and the ND transport (20%, 9%, and 2%, respectively). The HT transport showed the lowest pH and greatest L* value under the given weather conditions. Pigs transported under the HTHD and LTLD conditions had the greatest rates of PSE pork (40% and 20%, respectively). Pigs exposed to HD transport had the shortest laying time and the highest overplap behavior. The LDLT transport pigs had a shorter laying time than the LDNT and LDHT transport pigs. In conclusion, too high or too low density transport is generally not excellent for meat quality or animal welfare, however it is preferable to transport at a slightly low density at high temperature and at a slightly high density at low temperature.