Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MES: A Helping Elderly Escort Interactive System Based on Reverse Active Integration of Multimodal Intentions

Lacking human-computer collaborative capability is one of the key problems commonly faced by the existing escort robots. To this end, a helping elderly escort interactive system based on reverse active integration of multimodal intentions (MES) is proposed in this paper in response to the elderly’s decline in language expression ability, memory, and other abilities. This system can understand the intention of the elderly based on scene perception and three-modal information: speech, gesture, and posture. In detail, the system can extract the interactive intention from the nondeterministic multimodal data input by the elderly and evaluate the trust degree of the extracted intention. The evaluation of intention trust degree is such a process that the system autonomously judges the feasibility of the elderly’s intention and corrects the wrong intention expressed by the elderly due to memory decline by reverse thinking of “find reasons based on the results”; when the intention cannot be extracted, the system will take the initiative to ask the elderly for enhanced information conducive to the intention extraction, so as to quickly and correctly extract the interactive intention of the elderly. This design aims at improving the quality of elderly care, making the interaction between the elderly and the robot more natural, improving the accuracy in intention extraction from fuzzy expression, as well as breaking the traditional “master-slave” human-computer interaction and improving the harmony of human-computer interaction. Further, the implementation principle of the system is detailed, and the system is evaluated in this paper. The evaluation experiment was conducted by a robot Pepper embedded with the system. Through experiments, it is verified that Pepper can quickly and accurately get the real intention of the elderly in the interaction with the elderly. In a challenging environment (such as the unclear expression of the elderly), it can still correctly extract the real intention of the elderly with an accuracy of 97% and can effectively avoid the wrong intention expressed by the elderly. This puts forward a valuable research path for the challenge in human-computer collaborative interaction.
Existence of incompressible minimal surfaces and the topology of three - dimensional manifolds with

A multi-purpose handle-directed, manually propelled wheeled vehicle particularly well adapted for safe snow removal, load carrying, and similar labor saving tasks in rough and uncertain terrain; in preferred embodiment a frame having open lenticular shape in plan view houses a wheel centrally between a "T" handle at the rear end and a load lug at the front end to which snow blade, heavy broomrake and other implements attach; at each end also on the upper surface a load pickup station is provided which supports a detachable bed or carrying body with drop-end and downwardly projecting legs providing, with the wheel, braked, non-tipping 3-point support when at rest.
Theory of Global Disk Oscillations

We discuss the characteristics of global oscillation modes in Be disks and review recent studies related to the disk oscillation model. Since the m = 1 modes are present only in near Keplerian disks and the mode confinement occurs only in the region in which the radial flow is subsonic, the model of global disk oscillation strongly prefers the viscous decretion disk scenario proposed by Lee et al. (1991), whereas it is incom patible with the wind-compressed disk scenario of Bjorkman & Cassinelli (1993), which predicts angular-momentum conserving disks with super sonic radial flow. Based on the viscous decretion disk scenario, we discuss transonic solutions of decretion and examine the effect of viscosity on the global one-armed modes.
Diophantine approximation and the geometry of
 limit sets in Gromov hyperbolic metric
 spaces

In this paper, we provide a complete theory of Diophantine approximation in the limit set of a group acting on a Gromov hyperbolic metric space. This summarizes and completes a long line of results by many authors, from Patterson's classic '76 paper to more recent results of Hersonsky and Paulin ('02, '04, '07). Concrete examples of situations we consider which have not been considered before include geometrically infinite Kleinian groups, geometrically finite Kleinian groups where the approximating point is not a fixed point of the group, and groups acting on infinite-dimensional hyperbolic space. Moreover, in addition to providing much greater generality than any prior work, our results also give new insight into the nature of the connection between Diophantine approximation and the geometry of the limit set within which it takes place. Two results are also contained here which are purely geometric: a generalization of a theorem of Bishop and Jones ('97) to Gromov hyperbolic metric spaces, and a proof that the uniformly radial limit set of a group acting on a proper geodesic Gromov hyperbolic metric space has zero Patterson--Sullivan measure unless the group is quasiconvex-cocompact. The latter is an application of a Diophantine theorem.
A Short Survey on Semidefinite Programming

Semidefinite programming (SDP) is one of the fastest developing branches of mathematical programming. The reason is twofold: efficient solution algorithms for SDP have come to light in the past few years, and SDP finds applications in combinatorial optimization and engineering. In this short survey we show how SDP duality theory can be used to prove classical results, and review the development of interior point algorithms for SDP.
Relativistic thermal plasmas - time development of electron-positron pair concentration. [In active galactic nuclei]

The time evolution of a relativistic pair-equilibrium plasma confined in a uniformly or impulsively heated sphere is investigated analytically, starting from initial conditions appropriate for a plasma in an AGN. The formulations for pair processes, radiative transfer, photon production, Compton scattering, and the energy equations are explained, and numerical results are presented in extensive graphs and characterized in detail. It is found that the pair equilibrium is stable under constant heating, but that extreme changes in electron temperature, pair density, and luminosity occur for larger amounts of impulsive heating. 25 references.
On general lattice repleteness and completeness

In this paper we wish to initiate a systematic study of various concepts pertaining to repleteness or completeness of a lattice. Special cases include such notions as realcompactness, a-completeness, Borel completeness, N-compactness, almost-realcompactness, and so on. Specifically we consider an arbitrary set X and an arbitrary lattice of subsets of X. We denote the algebra of subsets of X generated by by s() and the set of all (finitely additive) two-valued measures on M() by I(). We then consider various subsets of I() and, denoting the general element of I() by/z, . we demand that the support of/z, S(/x) be non-empty for/z in these Subsets. Particular choices of these subsets, in the case where X is a topological space and a particular lattice of subsets of X, give all the special cases referred to above as well as many others. We proceed to analyze in the abstract setting of (X, ) interrelations between these various concepts of repleteness-completeness, and then consider the important situation of two lattices 0’1, 2, with 1 C 2, and investigate when l-(repleteness-completeness) implies 2-(repletenesscompleteness), and conversely. Our results subsume all the known relationships in the special cases referred to above and they also yield new applications. We give a few of the applications, but it should be clear from these that many more such applications are available by appropriate choice of the lattices. We then investigate particular lattices in subsets ofI(7) which are repletecomplete and show how these can be utilized in constructing repletionscompletions in particular cases. The important point throughout the paper is that we can systematically treat all cases of repleteness-completeness, uniformly, by general measuretheoretic techniques. This was done to a limited extent in [2], just for repleteness, and in [10] using filter arguments with just one lattice and with just certain completeness notions. The advantage of the measure approach is that it is particularly simple with respect to extension-restriction matters and that much of it can be extended to the case of arbitrary measures--not necessarily two-valued; in this paper we will just pursue the case of
MULTI-WAVELENGTH LIGHT CURVE MODEL OF THE ONE YEAR RECURRENCE PERIOD NOVA M31N 2008-12a

We present a theoretical light curve model of the recurrent nova M31N 2008-12a, the current record holder for the shortest recurrence period (1 year). We combined interior structures calculated using a Henyey-type evolution code with optically thick wind solutions of hydrogen-rich envelopes, which give the proper mass-loss rates, photospheric temperatures, and luminosities. The light curve model is calculated for a 1.38 M ⊙ ? > white dwarf (WD) with an accretion rate of 1.6 × 10 − 7 M ⊙ ? > yr−1. This model shows a very high effective temperature ( log T ph ? > ( K ) ≥ 4.97 ? > ) and a very small wind mass-loss rate ( M ˙ wind ≤ 9.3 × 10 − 6 M ⊙ ? > yr−1) even at the maximum expansion of the photosphere. These properties are consistent with the faint optical peak of M31N 2008-12a because the brightness of the free–free emission is proportional to the square of the mass-loss rate. The model well reproduces the short supersoft X-ray turn-on time of 6 days and turn-off time of 18 days after the outburst. The ejecta mass of our model is calculated to be 6.3 × 10 − 8 M ⊙ ? > , corresponding to 37% of the accreted mass. The growth rate of the WD is 0.63 times the mass accretion rate, making it a progenitor for a SN Ia. Our light curve model predicts a bright supersoft X-ray phase one or two days before the optical peak. We encourage detection of this X-ray flash in future outbursts.
Facilitating the Transition from Empirical Arguments to Proof.

Although students of all levels of education face serious difficulties with proof, there is limited research knowledge about how instruction can help students overcome these difficulties. In this article, we discuss the theoretical foundation and implementation of an instructional sequence that aimed to help students begin to realize the limitations of empirical arguments as methods for validating mathematical generalizations and see an intellectual need to learn about secure methods for validation (i.e., proofs). The development of the instructional sequence was part of a 4-year design experiment that we conducted in an undergraduate mathematics course, prerequisite for admission to an elementary (Grades K-6) teaching certification program. We focus on the implementation of the instructional sequence in the last of 5 research cycles of our design experiment to exemplify our theoretical framework (in which cognitive conflict played a major role) and to discuss the promise of the sequence to support the intended learning goals.
Destination brand image and destination brand choice in the context of health crisis: Scale development

Several recent destination crises have brought difficult challenges to the world’s travel, hospitality, and tourism activities. We explore how the brand image of a tourist destination is influenced by health crises, specifically within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted interviews and online data collection in China. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to develop, purify, and verify scale items that measure perceived destination brand image, destination brand self-congruence, destination brand engagement, destination brand love, and perceived risk of destination health crisis. We identified key associations among the constructs of the study. This study offers a tested and validated destination brand image and tourist behavior (DBITB) scale to understand tourist behavior toward destination brands during and after health crises. Important theoretical and practical implications are discussed to inform future research on destination branding.
ELEVATED PD-1/CD28 RATIO RATHER THAN PD-1 EXPRESSION IN CD8+ T CELLS PREDICTS NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION IN SEPSIS PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT—Background The expression of programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and CD28 on CD8+ T cells is considered to be related to immune function and prognosis markers in patients with sepsis. However, the relationship between the ratio of PD-1/CD28 and nosocomial infection has not been elucidated. Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in a general intensive care unit. Patients were enrolled according to the sepsis-3 criteria and peripheral blood samples were collected within 24 hours of enrollment. Programmed cell death 1 receptor and CD28 expression on CD8+ T cells was assayed on day 1. Patients were followed up until 28 days. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess independent risk factors for nosocomial infection. The accuracy of biomarkers for nosocomial infection and mortality was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The association between biomarkers and 28-day mortality was assessed by Cox regression survival analysis. Results: A total of 181 patients were recruited, and 68 patients were finally included for analysis. Of these, 19 patients (27.9%) died during 28 days and 22 patients (32.4%) acquired nosocomial infection. The PD-1/CD28 ratio of patients with nosocomial infection was significantly higher than those without (0.27 [0.10–0.55] vs. 0.15 [0.08–0.28], P = 0.025). The PD-1/CD28 ratio in CD8+ T cells (odds ratio, 53.33; 95% confidence interval, 2.39–1188.22, P = 0.012) and duration of mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.24; P = 0.001) were independently associated with nosocomial infection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PD-1/CD28 ratio in CD8+ T cells was 0.67 (0.52–0.82). The PD-1/CD28 ratio in CD8+ T cells of the nonsurvivors was significantly higher than the survivors (0.23 [0.15–0.52] vs. 0.14 [0.07–0.32]); Cox regression analysis showed that the survival time of patients with PD-1/CD28 ratio in CD8+ T cells of 0.13 or greater was shorter compared with patients with lower levels (hazard ratio, 4.42 [1.29–15.20], χ2 = 6.675; P = 0.010). Conclusions: PD-1/CD28 ratio in CD8+ T cells at admission may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for predicting nosocomial infection and mortality.
A Positive Semi-definite Covariance Matrix for Hausman Specification Tests of Conditional and Marginal Densities

When the joint density of data can be factorized into conditional and marginal densities, the Hausman (1978) test can be used for diagnosing misspecifications of these densities. However, since common covariance estimates of the difference of the two estimators used in the Hausman test need not be positive semidefinite in finite samples, the test statistic may be negative. This paper presents a simple and consistent covariance matrix that is positive semidefinite in any finite sample. Copyright 1995 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
SVD and signal processing: algorithms, applications and architectures

Parts: I. Tutorials. 1. Singular value decomposition: an introduction (P. Dewilde, E.F. Deprettere). 2. A variety of applications of singular value decomposition in identification and signal processing (J. Vandewalle, B. De Moor). 3. Eigen and singular value decomposition techniques for the solution of harmonic retrieval problems (M. Bouvet, H. Clergeot). 4. Advances in principal component signal processing (R.J. Vaccaro et al.). II: Model Reduction and Identification. 5. An overview of Hankel norm model reduction (A.C.M. Ran). 6. Identification of linear state space models with singular value decomposition using canonical correlation concepts (B. De Moor et al.). 7. Detection of multiple sinusoids in white noise: a signal enhancement approach (J.A. Cadzow et al.). III: Total Least Squares and GSVD. 8. The total least squares technique: computation, properties and applications (S. van Huffel, J. Vandewalle). 9. Oriented energy and oriented signal-to-signal ratio concepts in the analysis of vector sequences and time series (B. De Moor et al.). 10. ESPRIT - Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (R. Roy, T. Kailath). IV: Real-Time, Adaptive and Acceleration Algorithms. 11. On-line algorithm for signal separation based on SVD (D. Callaerts et al.). 12. A family of rank-one subspace updating methods (R.D. DeGroat, R.A. Roberts). 13. An array processing technique using the first principal component (P. Comon). 14. A novel method for reducing the computational load of SVD-based high discrimination algorithms (J.L. Mather). 15. Singular value decomposition of Frobenius Matrices for approximate and multi-objective signal processing tasks (E.A. Trachtenberg). V: Algorithms and Architectures. 16. On block Kogbetliantz methods for computation of the SVD (K.V. Fernando, S.J. Hammarling). 17. Reducing the number of sweeps in Hestenes' Method (P.C. Hansen). 18. Computational arrays for cyclic-by-rows Jacobi-algorithms (L. Thiele). 19. The symmetric tridiagonal eigenproblem on a custom linear array and hypercubes (E. de Doncker et al.). 20. Computing the singular value decomposition on the connection machine (L.M. Ewerbring, F.T. Luk). 21. Singular value decomposition on warp (M. Annaratone). 22. Execution of linear algebra operations on the SPRINT (A.J. De Groot et al.). VI. Resolution Limits, Enhancements and Questions. 23. An SVD analysis of resolution limits for harmonic retrieval problems (J.R. Casar, G. Cybenko). 24. A new application of SVD to harmonic retrieval (S. Mayrargue, J.P. Jouveau). 25. Retrieval of significant parameters from magnetic resonance signals via singular value decomposition (R. de Beer et al.).
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY AND ADDED VALUE OF INFECTION BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH POSSIBLE SEPSIS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

ABSTRACT Background: Biomarkers for early recognition of infection are warranted. The hypothesis of this study was that calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and procalcitonin (PCT), alone or in combination, provide clinically useful information to the clinicians for early identification of infection in patients with possible sepsis in the emergency department (ED). Biomarker dynamics in the first week of hospitalization were explored. Methods: Adult patients in rapid response teams in the ED were included in a prospective observational study (n = 391). Patients who received antibiotics after biomarker availability were excluded. The ED clinician (EDC) decision whether to start antibiotics was registered. Calprotectin, CRP, IL-6, and PCT were analyzed in blood samples drawn within 15 min after ED arrival and in a subgroup for 1 week. Infection likelihood was evaluated post hoc. Results: In identifying patients with infection, CRP (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.913) and IL-6 (AUC, 0.895) were superior to calprotectin (AUC, 0.777) and PCT (AUC, 0.838). The best regression model predicting infections included EDC, CRP, and IL-6. Using optimal cutoff values, CRP and IL-6 in combination reached 95% positive and 90% negative predictive values for infection. The EDC undertreated or overtreated 65 of 391 patients (17%), and CRP and IL-6 optimal cutoff values could correct this in 32 of 65 patients (49%). Longitudinal samples revealed that IL-6 peaked in the ED, whereas CRP and PCT peaked later. Conclusion: C-reactive protein and IL-6 were superior to calprotectin and PCT for recognizing infection in patients with possible sepsis in the ED. Combining these two biomarkers with different dynamics improved recognition of infection and could aid clinical management in rapid response teams in the ED.
Common strategies in empirically supported psychological interventions for alcohol use disorders: A meta‐review

Abstract Issues Despite the large number of effective psychological interventions for alcohol use disorders (AUD), there is still a lack of clarity concerning the strategies that make these interventions effective. Approach The overall goal of this review was to identify, examine and synthesise the information about common strategies from evidence‐based psychological interventions for AUDs by conducting a review of systematic reviews, that is, a meta‐review. We isolated the relevant primary studies from eligible systematic reviews and extracted information about the interventions from these studies to understand the strategies used. Analysis was restricted to narrative summaries. Key Findings Thirteen reviews were eligible for inclusion in our meta‐review. Of these, eight demonstrated the effectiveness of a range of psychological interventions—behavioural couples therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy combined with motivational interviewing, brief interventions, contingency management, psychotherapy plus brief interventions, Alcoholics Anonymous and 12‐step treatment programs, family‐therapy or family‐involved treatment, and community reinforcement approach. The most commonly used component strategies in effective interventions for AUDs included assessment, personalised feedback, motivational interviewing, goal setting, setting and review of homework, problem solving skills and relapse prevention/management. Implications Evidence about commonly used strategies in evidence‐based psychological interventions for AUDs offer the possibility of creating menu‐driven interventions that can be tailored to respond to individual client needs and preferences in different contexts.
A distinct intra-individual suppression subnetwork in the brain’s default mode network across cognitive tasks

Abstract Suppression of the brain’s default mode network (DMN) during external goal-directed cognitive tasks has been consistently observed in neuroimaging studies. However, emerging insights suggest the DMN is not a monolithic “task-negative” network but is comprised of subsystems that show functional heterogeneity. Despite considerable research interest, no study has investigated the consistency of DMN activity suppression across multiple cognitive tasks within the same individuals. In this study, 85 healthy 15- to 25-year-olds completed three functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks that were designed to reliably map DMN suppression from a resting baseline. Our findings revealed a distinct suppression subnetwork across the three tasks that comprised traditional DMN and adjacent regions. Specifically, common suppression was observed in the medial prefrontal cortex, the dorsal-to-mid posterior cingulate cortex extending to the precuneus, and the posterior insular cortex and parietal operculum. Further, we found the magnitude of suppression of these regions were significantly correlated within participants across tasks. Overall, our findings indicate that externally oriented cognitive tasks elicit common suppression of a distinct subnetwork of the broader DMN. The consistency to which the DMN is suppressed within individuals suggests a domain-general mechanism that may reflect a stable feature of cognitive function that optimizes external goal-directed behavior.