Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear mixed effect models for predicting relationships between total height and diameter of oriental beech trees in Kestel, Turkey

Statistical nonlinear mixed effect models were used to predict relationships between the total height and diameter at breast height of individual trees in Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in Kestel, Bursa, Northwestern Turkey. 124 sample plots were selected to represent various stand conditions such as site quality, age, and stand density. Nine generalized nonlinear height–diameter models were fitted and evaluated based on Akaike’s information criterion, Schwarz’s Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Absolute Bias and Adjusted Coefficient of Determination (R 2 adj ). The nonlinear Schnute’s model was selected as the best predictive model. The height–diameter model based on the nonlinear mixed effect modeling approach accounted for 90.6 % of the total variance in height–diameter relationships and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 1.48 m. Various sampling scenarios that differed in sampling design and size of the selected sub-sample trees from the validation data set revealed that four randomly selected subsample trees in a given plot produced the best predictive results (43.3 % reduction of the sum of square errors, 98.4 % reduction of absolute bias, and 36.9 % reduction of the RMSE) in relation to the fixed effect predictions. Resumen
THE FUNCTION OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF MICROCOLEUS IN THE FORMATION OF DESERT SOIL

The present work deals with the exopolysaccharides (EPS) and photosynthetic activities of Microcoleus vaginatus (one of the pioneer species in algal crusts at Shapotou, Linxia) With the concentration of EPS increasing, water holding capacity of desert soil was increasing,water evaporation was decreasing,and water movement through the desert soil was retarded The yield of exopolysaccharides was 28 82% of dry weight, and reached the maximum during the stationary phase Microcoleus had more carotenoid contents than other misted cells in view of its absorption spectrum;the most optimum temperature for photosynthesis was about 25℃, the most optimum light intensity for photosynthesis was 400μ Em -2 s -1 , and photosynthetic activity was inhibited strongly after 0 3mol/l of NaCl; the value of Chlorophyll a fluorescence(Fv/Fm) recovered 96% of cultures after losing water to 56% of fresh weight It indicated that Microcoleus influenced the hydrological properties and played an important role in desert soil formation
Establishment and Characteristics of a Beijing Fatty Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cell Line

A Beijing fatty chicken embryo fibroblast cell line (NBLCHE2/2) was successfully established using the primary explant technique. Observations on morphology, dynamic growth and analysis of karyotype, isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase were carried out. The results showed that population doubling time of cells was 24 h; diploid cells were dominant of 76%～88%. The banding patterns of the isoenzymes of the two kinds of emzymes had significant difference between the Beijing fatty chicken embryo fibroblast cell line and other cell lines in our laboratory; tests for microbial conta mination of bacteria, fungi and yeasts, virus and mycoplasma were negative. The newly established cell line make the Beijing Fatty Chicken, a national important genetic resource preserved in cell level, as well as will provide an ideal experimental material for the genetic studies on the Beijing local chicken.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses of Yield and Some Yield Components in Lentil

Correlation and path coefficient analyses are essential tools in selection experiments. They were used to determine direct and indirect relationships between yield and certain plant characters in six exotic genotypes, i.e. two Egyptian families and two Egyptian cultivars of lentil (Lens culinaris). The 10 lentil genotypes were evaluated during two successive seasons (2010/11 and 2011/12) in two locations (Sids and ElMataana Research Stations, ARC). The design used was a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications. Combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant effects (p<0.05) for genotypes (G), seasons (Y) and locations (L) for most characters evaluated. Cultivar Giza 9 showed the highest number of pods plant -1 , number of seeds plant -1 and seed yield plant -1 . Highly significant positive correlations were detected between seed yield plant -1 and each of number of pods plant -1 (r = 0.973**) and number of seeds plant -1 (r = 0.971**). However, highly significant negative correlations were observed between seed yield and each of days to 50% flowering (r = - 0.783**) and days to maturity (r = - 0.812**). Path analysis revealed that number of seeds plant -1 , followed by number of pods plant -1 had the highest positive direct effects on seed yield plant -1 (0.617** and 0.162, respectively). Number of seeds plant -1 via number of pods plant -1 gave the highest positive indirect effect on seed yield plant -1 (0.609), These results indicate that number of seeds plant -1 and number of pods plant -1 are the principal yield components, and selection for these traits may be useful in improving seed yield in lentil. Besides, the results revealed that the greatest parts of lentil yield variability were explained by the direct effect of number of seeds plant -1 (34.64%), followed by days to maturity (5.51%) and number of pods plant -1 (2.39%). From the results of correlation coefficients it can be concluded that indirect selection for any character with a significantly positive association with yield would improve the productivity of lentil crop. And that number of seeds plant -1 is the principal yield component, and selection for this trait may be useful in improving seed yield in lentil.
Chimeras of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase : localization of the apolipoprotein C-II activation site of lipoprotein lipase

Hepatic lipase ( H L ) and lipoprotein lipase ( L P L ) are members of the same lipase gene family, along with pancreatic lipase, the pancreatic lipase-related lipases, endothelial lipase, and phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1. Through their ability to hydrolyze triglycerides and phospholipids in a variety of circulating plasma lipoproteins including chylomicrons, very low and intermediate density lipoproteins ( V L D L ) and high density lipoproteins, H L and L P L greatly influence lipid metabolism. Unlike H L , however, L P L requires a specific cofactor, apolipoprotein C-ll (apo C-ll), to hydrolyze triglycerides in chylomicrons and V L D L . The aim of the present study is to identify residues within L P L which enable it to be responsive in the presence of apo C-ll. A previous study has identified a segment in the N-terminal domain of L P L (residues 65-86) as having the ability to bind an apo C-ll peptide fragment. This segment was found to contain regions of amino acid sequence dissimilarity when compared to the homologous residues in H L . Using site-directed mutagenesis, two sets of chimeras were created in which the two regions of human L P L ( L P L residues 65-68 and 73-79) were exchanged with the corresponding human H L sequence. The H L chimeras consisted of a H L backbone with the suspected L P L regions replacing the corresponding H L sequence either individually (HLLPL65-68, HLLPL73-79) or together (HLLPLD)Similarly, the L P L chimeras were created in which the candidate regions were replaced with the corresponding H L sequence (LPL H L77 -8o, L P L H L 8 5 9 i and LPLHLD ) Using a synthetic triolein substrate, lipase activity of the purified enzymes was measured in the presence and absence of apo C-ll. Addition of apo C-ll to HLLpL65-68 and HL Lp L73-79 did not significantly alter their enzyme activity. However, the activity of HLLPLD increased ~5fold in the presence of apo C-ll whereas the activity of native L P L increased -11fold. Addition of apo C-ll to LPLHL77-8o resulted in ~10-fold activation while only ~6fold and ~4-fold activation in enzyme activity was observed in LPL H L85-9 i and L P L H L D , respectively. In summary, our results have identified 11 amino acid residues within the amino-terminal domain of L P L (residues 65-68 and 73-79) which appear to act cooperatively to enable substantial activation of human L P L by apo C-ll.
SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES AS A CENTER OF GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FLORA AND FAUNA

First. In general the fauna and flora of Northern United States East of the Great Plains are geographically related to those of the Southeast and this geographical relationship points to an origin in the direction of the Southeast except in the case of the distinctly boreal forms.Second. The abundance and diversity of life in the Southeast indicates that it has been, and now is, a center of dispersal.Third. The relicts indicate that the Southeast has been a center of preservation of ancient types, and the endemism shows that it has been a center of origin of types.Fourth. There are two distinct Southern centers of dispersal in temperate United States ; one in the moist Southeast, and the other in the arid Southwest.Fifth. Ten criteria, aside from fossil evidence, are recognized for determining the center of origin or the locality of dispersal :1. Location of the greatest differentiation of a type.2. Location of dominance or great abundance of individuals.3. Location of synthetic or closely related forms.
A cladistic analysis of Lycoris(Amaryllidaceae)

Cladistic analysis of the morphological,anatomical,pollen morphological and cytological relationship of 16 species of Lycoris(Amaryllidaceae) was carried out with attempt to have a better understanding of the phylogeny of Lycoris.Thirty-seven morphological,anatomical,pollen morphological and cytological characters were selected and used in the maximum parsimony(MP) tree construction executed with PAUP~* program.Twenty-eight morphological,pollen morphological and cytological characters were also selected to construct MP trees.The topologies of the trees obtained were largely in congruence.In the same way,MP trees were constructed using 9 morphological characters to study the relationship of 11 species of Lycoris(Amaryllidaceae). They were L.radiata,L. × houdyshelii,L. × haywardi,L.sprengeri,L.squamigera,L.longituba,L.anhuiensis,L.chinensis,L.aurea,L. × abiflora.The result was the same as before.It was indicated that the 16 species of the genus Lycoris were divided into two groups,and four species of the genus which belonged to Lycoris subgenus including L.radiata,L. ×rosea,L. × straminea and L. × houdyshelii were clustered together respectively.The others were clustered together respectively.They were L.guangxiensis,L. × haywardi,L.sprengeri,L.incarnata,L.squamigera,L.longituba,L.anhuiensis,L.chinensis,L.aurea,L. × abiflora,L.caldwellii and L.shaanxiensis. The classification was basically consistent with the fingerprints of Lycoris on RAPD except L.sprengeri,L.incarnata and L. × houdyshelii.The latter group was also divided into two subgroups.L.guangxiensis,L. × haywardi,L.sprengeri, L.incarnata and L.squamigera were clustered together respectively,whose flowers were actinomorphic except L.guangxiensis. The others including L.longituba,L.anhuiensis,L.chinensis,L.aurea,L. × abiflora,L.caldwellii and L.shaanxiensis were clustered together respectively,whose flowers were zygomorphic except L.longituba and L.anhuiensis. Therefore,whether corolla was in order or not was an important classification character,but that which was considered as the character for subgenus classification was not supported in this paper.However,the position relation of the stamen and perianth slice can be used as the character for large group division,whether which could be as the basic feature for subgenus division still needed to be studied.The result also showed that leaf micro-morphological characteristics were useful for considering the inter-species relationship on Lycoris,and the period of leaves growing was not importance of considering that.The closest relationship was between L.chinensis and L.aurea,which were consistent with morphological study.
The oak-hornbeam woods of Hertfordshire. Parts I and II

(1) General and Introductory . 14 (2) Edaphic Conditions . 15 (Humus, p. 19; Water Conltent, p. 20; Aciditv, p. 21.) (3) Light Conditions . 23 (4) The Phanerogamic Flora. 25 (a) The Tree-layer, p. 25. (b) The Shrub-layer, p. 27. (The Bubus fruticosus Society, p. 29.) (c) The Ground Flora, p. 30. (The Pteris Society, p. 30; The Scilla nutans Society, p. 32; The Nepeta Glechoma Society, p. 32; The Mercurialis Society, p. 33; The Ficaria vernaSociety, p. 33; The Path Society, p. 34; The Anemone Society, p. 35; The Marginal Society, p. 39.) (d) The Flora of the coppiced Wood, p. 39. Effects of coppicing, p. 39; Flora of coppiced areas, p. 40. (e) Colonisation, p. 41. (5) The Cryptogamic Flora . 42 (a) Musci, p. 42. (b) Hepaticae, p. 44. (c) Algae, p. 45. (d) Lichens, p. 45. (e) Fungi, p. 46. (f) Mycetozoa, p. 46.
Somatic and physiological responses to cyclic fasting and re-feeding periods in sobaity sea bream (Sparidentex hasta, Valenciennes 1830)

Different fasting and re-feeding cycles were tested in a 60-day trial in sobaity sea bream (Sparidentex hasta) juveniles to evaluate their effects on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. Fish were exposed in triplicate to the following feeding regimes: control (fed everyday); F-RF1+1 (1 day of starvation followed by 1 day of re-feeding); F-RF2+2 (2 days of starvation followed by 2 days of re-feeding); F-RF3+3 (3 days of starvation followed by 3 days of re-feeding); F-RF6+6 (6 days of starvation followed by 6 days of re-feeding); and F-RF1+2 (1 day of starvation followed by 2 days of re-feeding). A reduction in body mass between 10.0% (F-RF1+1) and 24.3% (F-RF6+6) was found in comparison with the control group after 60 days. As the length of fasting increased, the compensation coefficients in feed intake and weight gain decreased. Body lipid content decreased as fasting cycles increased. Haemoglobin, plasma protein, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities were the most reliable biomarkers for assessing the nutritional condition in sobaity sea bream. A feeding strategy based on 1 day of starvation followed by 2 days of re-feeding (F-RF1+2 group) may be advisable for on-growing sobaity sea bream without reduction in growth and alteration of their haematological and physiological parameters.
Cell type marker enrichment across brain regions and experimental conditions

The first chapter of this thesis explored the dominant gene expression pattern in the adult human brain. We discovered that the largest source of variation can be explained by cell type marker expression. Across brain regions, expression of neuron cell type markers are anti-correlated with the expression of oligodendrocyte cell type markers. Next, we explored gene function convergence and divergence in the adult mouse brain. Our contributions are as follows. First, we provide candidate cell type markers for investigating specific cell type populations. Second, we highlight orthologous genes that show functional divergence between human and mouse brains. In the second chapter, we present our preliminary work on the effects of tissue types and experimental conditions on human microarray studies. First, we measured the expression and differential expression levels of tissue-enriched genes. Next, we identified modules with similar expression levels and differential expression p-values. Our results show that expression levels reflect tissue type variation. In contrast, differential expression levels are more complex, owing to the large diversity of experimental conditions in the data. In summary, our work provides a different perspective on the functional roles of genes in human microarray studies.
Body Size and Digestive Efficiency in a Herbivorous Freshwater Turtle: Advantages of Small Bite Size

In reptiles, large body size has been considered a great-if not essential-asset for herbivory. However, in a herbivorous freshwater turtle, Pseudemys nelsoni, 12-g hatchlings had significantly better digestive performance than did 3,000-g adults. On a diet of duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), hatchlings processed nearly four times as much food on a mass-specific basis than did adults while maintaining equivalent digestibilities as adults. Hatchlings gained more than four times the amount of energy and nitrogen daily on a mass-specific basis that adults gained. On a diet of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), hatchlings fed selectively, ingesting a diet significantly higher in energy and nitrogen and significantly lower in lignin than the diet of adults. Small bite size of small herbivorous reptiles is a mechanism that enables them to meet higher mass-specific nutrient requirements by improving both the physical structure and-through selective feeding-the nutrient quality of the diet.
Intraspecific variation in testes size among northern populations of Peromyscus

We examined the variation in relative testis size among northern populations of Peromyscus to test if mice from populations with shorter breeding seasons had larger testes than mice from populations with longer breeding seasons. If natural selection on relative testes size in mammals is ultimately due to copulatory frequency and if sperm production is limited, then a decrease in the number of days in which a constant number of matings occurs should promote selection for larger testes. Relative testis size (testis length/body length) significantly varied among 10 populations of P. maniculatus and three populations of P. leucopus
Effect of Sprayer Output Volume and Adjuvants on Efficacy of Clove Oil for Weed Control in Organic Vidalia® Sweet Onion

Timely cultivation with a tine weeder and hand weeding are the primary tools for successful weed control in organic sweet onion (Allium cepa), but conditions frequently arise that delay the initial cultivation. Weeds that emerge during the delay are not effectively controlled by cultivation and herbicides derived from natural products may have a role to control the emerged weeds. It has been reported that clove oil herbicide was more effective when sprayers were calibrated for higher output (>50 gal/acre) compared with sprayers calibrated at 25 gal/ acre. However, when clove oil was applied at the recommended rate of 10% by volume, herbicide cost was doubled when sprayer output volume was doubled. It was theorized that herbicide adjuvants might improve clove oil efficacy and reduce weed control cost by not needing to increase sprayer output volume. Trials were conducted from 2010 to 2012 to evaluate all possible combinations of two sprayer output volumes and five herbicide adjuvants used with clove oil (10% by volume) for cool season weed control. Sprayer output volumes evaluated were 25 and 50 gal/ acre, using spray tips of differing orifice size. Adjuvants evaluated were a material composed of saponins, citric acid plus garlic extract, an emulsified petroleum oil (EPO) insecticide, a conventional petroleum oil adjuvant (POA), no adjuvant used with clove oil, and a nontreated control. Weed control was not consistently improved by applying clove oil (10% by volume) with a sprayer calibrated at 50 gal/ acre compared with sprayer calibrated at 25 gal/acre. Improvements in weed control that were occasionally seen did not affect onion yield. Adjuvants provided minimal improvement in weed control from clove oil and did not consistently improve onion yield. Based on these results, clove oil does not provide suitable levels of weed control in organic Vidalia sweet onion production to justify the expense.
FOOD–DRUG INTERACTION AND THEIR CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: SELECTED INVESTIGATIONS

Food-drug interactions occur as a result of pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamics mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic mechanisms include what the body does to a drug while Pharmacodynamics mechanisms involve what drugs do to the body. Many types of food have been shown to influence metabolism and the absorption of drugs. Large numbers of drugs are produced and introduced yearly. The interaction between Food and drug may cause negative effects in the nutritional status of the patient as well as safety and efficacy of drug therapy. Due to the possibility of unexpected or poor outcomes, generally, food-drug interactions, in this case, should be avoided. As the good clinical practice, drugs taken by mouth must be absorbed either through the lining of the stomach or the small intestine. Reduction in the absorbance of a drug might be influenced by the presence of food in the digestive tract. The avoidance of such interactions could be possible if the drug is taken 1 hour before or 2 h after eating the food. The effects of several types of food such as milk or milk products, grapefruit and grapefruit juice, bananas, oranges, legumes, fermented meats and pickled fish and some nutrient elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and vitamin K are highlighted in this paper including their clinical implications.
Hubungan Karakteristik, Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat pada Ibu Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Kebalen Kecamatan Babelan Bekasi Utara Tahun 2016

Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) rumah tangga merupakan tatanan awal dari pelaksanaan PHBS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik (umur, pendidikan, dan mata pencaharian), pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat pada ibu rumah tangga di RW.012 Kelurahan Kebalen Tahun 2016. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sejumlah 360 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 189 ibu rumah tangga dan diambil dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistic chisquare (tingkat kemaknaan 0.05). Variabel bebas adalah karakteristik (umur, pendidikan, mata pencaharian), pengetahuan dan sikap tentang PHBS dan variabel terikat adalah Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan (p=0.009, 95% CI:1.264- 4.524) dengan OR = 2.391 ) dan sikap (p=0.001, 95% CI: 1.528-5.281, dengan OR = 2.841). dengan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS). Sedangkan karakteristik umur, mata pencaharian dan pengetahuan tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan PHBS(p>0.05). Adanya hubungan bermakna antara pendidikan dan sikap dengan PHBS. Kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kelurahan Kebalen perlu mempersiapkan sosialisasi penerapan PHBS secara lengkap berikut prakteknya agar dapat mendorong implementasi PHBS rumah tangga dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di masyarakat. Kata Kunci: PHBS, ibu rumah tangga, pengetahuan dan sikap