Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the evolution of density fields in perturbation theory and numerical simulations - II. Counts-in-cells analysis

We present a detailed comparison of the predictions of perturbation theory for the averaged J-point correlation functions, $\xibar_J$, with the results of numerical simulations of gravitational clustering. We have carried out a systematic analysis of this method using ensembles of simulations with different numbers of particles, different box sizes and using different particle arrangements and clustering amplitudes in the initial conditions. We estimate $\xibar_J$, for $J=2-10$, from moments of counts-in-cells. We find significant non-linear effects in the variance, $J=2$, even at scales as large as $R \sim 30 \Mpc$. Perturbation theory gives remarkable agreement at large scales, where $\xibar_2 \simlt 1$, with the measured hierarchical amplitudes $S_J=\xibar_J/\xibar_2^{J-1}$. We have followed the evolution of $\xibar_J$ in time and find that for a change in the effective redshift of at least $\Delta z \simeq 2$ the amplitudes $S_J$ remain unchanged, despite the fact that the $\xibar_J$ have evolved by large factors, $\simeq 10^{J-1}$. We illustrate how these results can be applied to interpret the clustering in galaxy surveys and conclude that the observed hierarchical pattern in the APM is compatible with gravitational evolution in unbiased, initially Gaussian, models.
Experimental Investigation on Behavior of Single-Helix Anchor in Sand Subjected to Uplift Cyclic Loading

Helical anchors have been widely used in geotechnical engineering due to their large uplift resistance. However, the current knowledge of the cyclic performance of helical anchors is still insufficient. Consequently, a series of small-scale model tests are carried out in sand to investigate the influences of embedment ratio, sand compactness and the cyclic parameters on the monotonic, cyclic and post-cyclic performance of single-helix anchors. The tests results indicate that the single-helix anchors with optimal embedment ratio still exhibit a relatively high uplift capacity after suffering cyclic load. The cyclic frequency has the greatest influence on the accumulated displacement, and the influence of amplitude is relatively greater than that of the mean cyclic load. The anchors in dense sand exhibit better performance to resist pullout than those in medium–dense sand under the same cyclic parameter ratios. Moreover, the correlation of post-cyclic uplift capacity and displacement after cyclic loading as well as the possible influence of the upward displacement on the sand flow above the helix are discussed.
Mate choice in a promiscuous poison frog

Abstract In many animal species, members of one sex, most often females, exhibit a strong preference for mating partners with particular traits or resources. However, when females sequentially mate with multiple partners, strategies underlying female choice are not very well understood. Particularly, little is known if under such sequential polyandry females mate truly randomly, or if they actively try to spread mating events across multiple partners. In the present study, we used the highly promiscuous poison frog Allobates femoralis to investigate whether promiscuity could result from a preference for novel mates. Furthermore, we examined the importance of call characteristics for mate choice. We conducted mate choice experiments in a laboratory setup, by presenting females with recent mating partners or novel males. We recorded call characteristics of both males and the time females spent close to each male. In our trials, females preferred previous mating partners over novel males and also males with shorter advertisement calls. Results from previous studies on A. femoralis suggest that females in our trials recognized previous partners based on individual call characteristics. While mating decisions in the wild and in the laboratory might differ, our study provides first evidence for female mate choice in a poison frog with sequential polyandry.
HST/STIS Spectroscopy of the Optical Outflow from DG Tau: Indications for Rotation in the Initial Jet Channel

We have carried out a kinematical, high angular resolution (~ 0".1) study of the jet from DG Tau within 0. "5 from the source (or 110 AU along this flow). We analysed line profiles extracted from a set of seven spectra taken with STIS on board the Hubble Space Telescope, with the slits parallel to the jet axis but displaced transversely every 0". 07. For the flow of moderate velocity (-70 km/s), we have found systematic differences in the radial velocities of lines emitted on alternate sides of the jet axis. The results are corrected for the effects due to uneven illumination of the slit. The relative Doppler shifts range from 5 to 20 km/s. If this is interpreted as rotation, the flow is then rotating clockwise looking from the jet towards the source and the derived toroidal velocities are in the range 6 - 15 km/s. Using recent estimates of the mass loss rate, one obtains for the considered velocity regime, an angular momentum flux of ~ 3.8x10E-5 M_sun/yr AU km/s. Our findings may constitute the first detection of rotation in the initial channel of a jet flow. The derived values appear to be consistent with the predictions of popular magneto-centrifugal jet-launching models, although we cannot exclude transverse outflow asymmetries other than rotation.
An Efficient Multilayer Spiking Convolutional Neural Network Processor for Object Recognition With Low Bitwidth and Channel-Level Parallelism

Previous studies have shown that the event-driven multilayer spiking convolutional neural network (SCNN) can reduce computational complexity largely while keeping accurate. To fully utilize the advantages of SCNN, this brief proposed an efficient multilayer SCNN processor for object recognition. The interconnection between spiking layers is implemented for the first time. The rank-order coding with mutual and lateral inhibitions enables sparse event transmission. By further combining the spike-centric membrane potential update, channel-level parallel operation, and the low bitwidths of synapse weights and potentials, the proposed design achieves 500 classifications/s, and 68 uJ/classification for recognizing images with $160\mathbf {\times }250$ resolution, which is superior to the recent works.
Lifestyle, Demographic and Socio-Economic Determinants of Mental Health Disorders of Employees in the European Countries

Ensuring the health and well-being of workers should be a top priority for employers and governments. The aim of the article is to evaluate and rank the importance of mental health determinants: lifestyle, demographic factors and socio-economic status. The research study is based on EHIS 2013–2015 data for a sample of N = 140,791 employees from 30 European countries. The results obtained using machine learning techniques such as gradient-boosted trees and SHAPley values show that the mental health of European employees is strongly determined by the BMI, age and social support from close people. The next vital features are alcohol consumption, an unmet need for health care and sports activity, followed by the affordability of medicine or treatment, income and occupation. The wide range of variables clearly indicates that there is an important role for governments to play in order to minimize the risk of mental disorders across various socio-economic groups. It is also a signal for businesses to help boost the mental health of their employees by creating holistic, mentally friendly working conditions, such as offering time-management training, implementing morning briefings, offering quiet areas, making employees feel valued, educating them about depression and burnout symptoms, and promoting a healthy lifestyle.
The burden and impact of recurrent abdominal pain – exploring the understanding and perception of children and their parents

ABSTRACT Background: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common complaint for children and can result in a significantly lower quality of life due to the extent it can interfere with normal life. RAP can also significantly impact the quality of life of parents. This study sought to qualitatively explore parents’ and children’s understanding and perceptions of the burden and impact of RAP. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of parent/child dyads or families (N = 5) engaging with a psychology service. Findings: The findings of the inductive thematic analysis revealed four emergent themes common to both parents and children: (1) Perception, understanding and identification of RAP, (2) Contributing factors, (3) Coping mechanisms/pain management strategies, and (4) Impact and burden of RAP. Conclusions: These findings have important clinical implications regarding the identification and management of RAP and may also contribute to improving communication between clinicians, parents and children by providing insight from multiple perspectives into how RAP is experienced.
The Influence of Organisational Culture on Employee Commitment: An Empirical Study on Civil Service Officials in Bangladesh

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of organisational culture on the commitment of officers in the Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS; Administration) cadre. The study examines the relationships between four organisational cultural characteristics and a three-component commitment model. The quantitative data analysis was conducted using data collected via a survey from 211 respondents. The research findings indicate that mission, one of the organisational cultural traits, has a significant impact on the affective, normative and continuing commitment of the BCS (Administration) cadre. Only normative commitment is strongly influenced by involvement, another organisational cultural characteristic. This study’s findings will contribute to the body of knowledge about organisational culture and employee commitment in public organisations. This result can be used to increase officer commitment by top management or the responsible departments. If officers remain committed to the service, this will ultimately result in an increase in productivity, performance and efficiency, as well as a decrease in absenteeism and an increase in officer morale. This will ultimately add value to the services provided to the general public in Bangladesh, as the administration cadre is critical in formulating and implementing public policies.
A tool to improve space weather forecasts: Kilometric radio emissions from Wind/WAVES

For decades, space environment forecasters have used the appearance of metric Type II radio emission as a proxy for eruptions in the solar corona. The drift rate of these near‐Sun emissions is often turned into a speed, commonly assumed to be that of an MHD shock. However, their utility to forecast shock arrival times has not proved to be conclusive. Metric emissions can be detected by ground‐based antennae, while lower‐frequency components of these slowly drifting emissions can also be tracked by spacecraft in interplanetary space, as far down in frequency as that of the local plasma frequency. For a spacecraft at L1, this corresponds to about 25 kHz, or an electron density of about 7 cm−3 in the ambient solar wind. Here we report a recent study that aims to improve the predictions of shock arrival time at L1 by means of the low‐frequency emissions detected by WIND/WAVES. This technique, implemented on an extensive sample of hectometric and kilometric type II radio bursts, has yielded promising results.
Absolute Frequency Measurement of the 40Ca+ 4s 2S1/2 -3d2D5/2 Clock Transition

We report on the first absolute transition frequency measurement at the 10 -15 level with a single, laser-cooled 40 Ca + ion in a linear Paul trap. For this measurement, a frequency comb is referenced to the transportable Cs atomic fountain clock of LNE-SYRTE and is used to measure the 40 Ca + 4s 2 S 1/2 -3d 2 D 5/2 electric-quadrupole transition frequency. After the correction of systematic shifts, the clock transition frequency v Ca + = 411 042 129 776 393.2 (1.0) Hz is obtained, which corresponds to a fractional uncertainty within a factor of 3 of the Cs standard. In addition, we determine the Lande g factor of the 3d 2 D 5/2 level to be g 5/2 = 1.2003340(3).
Uneven Implications of Lockdown Amid COVID-19 in India: From Harassment, Stigma, Crime, and Internally Displaced People to Stress and Coping Strategies in the Middle/Upper Class

A content analysis of an English Newspaper, The Times of India (the world’s largest newspaper by circulation) during the first national lockdown amid the COVID-19 pandemic identified nine different categories culled out from a total of 129 news categories reporting unprecedented COVID-19 stories. Half of them portrayed two sides of a coin: from daily wagers and migrant workers, including internally displaced people (23/129), harassment and stigma (4/129), and crime (3/129) to stressors and coping strategies for middle/upper class individuals (39/129). Reports evidenced increased vulnerability in the lower layers of Indian stratified society. Yet, two years later, the uneven implications on physical and mental health are scarcely studied by scientific researchers.
Nonlinear interaction of electrostatic surface waves in a semi-infinite plasma. Part 1. Derivation of the coupled mode equations

We have derived a set of coupled mode equations which govern the nonlinear interaction of three high-frequency electrostatic surface waves through a low-frequency density perturbation produced by them. The set is compared with that obtained when a similar problem is solved for bulk waves in an infinite plasma. Some differences are shown to exist caused by the specific features of surface waves such as the amplitude attenuation normal to the interface and their hybrid nature.
A Programmable, DNA-Exclusively-Guided Argonaute DNase and Its Higher Cleavage Specificity Achieved by 5′-Hydroxylated Guide

Argonaute proteins exist widely in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and they are of great potential for molecular cloning, nucleic acid detection, DNA assembly, and gene editing. However, their overall properties are not satisfactory and hinder their broad applications. Herein, we investigated a prokaryotic Argonaute nuclease from a mesophilic bacterium Clostridium disporicum (CdAgo) and explored its overall properties, especially with 5′-hydroxylated (5′-OH) guides. We found that CdAgo can exclusively use single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as guide to cleave ssDNA and plasmid targets. Further, we found the length of the efficient guide is narrower for the 5′-OH guide (17–20 nt) than for the 5′-phosphorylated guide (5′-P, 14–21 nt). Furthermore, we discovered that the 5′-OH guides can generally offer stronger mismatch discrimination than the 5′-P ones. The 5′-OH guides offer the narrower length range, higher mismatch discrimination and more accurate cleavage than the 5′-P guides. Therefore, 5′-OH-guide-directed CdAgo has great potential in biological and biomedical applications.
Significance of altered anticoagulant proteins and D-dimer in cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis: relation to the degree of liver dysfunction

Aim of the study Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a well-known consequence of cirrhosis. Its pathophysiology is complex, with possible downstream hepatic decompensation. This study was conducted to describe the changes of protein C (PC), protein S (PS) and D-dimer blood levels associated with PVT formation in cirrhosis and the relation to the degree of liver dysfunction. Material and methods This was a case-control study that included 50 cirrhotic patients who presented with acute de novo non-malignant PVT and 50 cirrhotic patients without PVT as a control group. The severity of liver disease was classified as per the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score. Doppler ultrasonography identified acute portal vein occlusion, and dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed the extent and nature of PVT. Blood PC, PS and D-dimer levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results PC and PS levels were significantly lower, and the D-dimer level was significantly higher, in cirrhotic patients with PVT compared to the control group. PC and PS levels were significantly decreased in patients with higher CTP score of both groups. The D-dimer level did not vary significantly with the degree of liver dysfunction in patients of either group. PC, PS and D-dimer at the cut-off points of ≤ 77 IU/dl, ≤ 63 IU/dl, and > 300 ng/ml, respectively, significantly suggested PVT occurrence. Conclusions Alteration of the anticoagulant proteins and D-dimer contributed to PVT formation in cirrhotic patients and could help stratify the degree of liver dysfunction. Blood level of these hemostatic proteins could be incorporated into a probability score for early diagnosis and treatment of PVT in cirrhosis.
Particle Filter Approach for Real-Yime Freeway Traffic State Prediction

The research presented in this paper develops a multi-step particle filter traffic state prediction algorithm using spot speed measurements. The traditional Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) flow continuity equation is combined with the Van Aerde traffic stream model to generate a new speed-based partial differential equation (PDE). The numerical solution of the PDE is obtained using the Godunov discretization scheme within a particle filter to generate a time series equation that characterizes the temporal and spatial relationship of traffic speed data. This speed formulation is further enhanced by incorporating ramp flows and enhancing the boundary conditions. The numerical solution and near-term prediction accuracy (5-minute prediction) of the new speed formulation is compared with the conservative density formulation derived from LWR. Although the proposed speed formulation is non-conservative and not equivalent to the solution of LWR under the same initial and boundary conditions, it produces significant enhancements in the traffic state predictions. Specifically, the prediction error using simulated I-66 data is in the range of 3.0 to 4.5 km/h for a 5-minute prediction horizon. This error is approximately half the prediction error of the LWR formulation. Similarly, the traffic stream density prediction error is approximately half that of the LWR formulation.
PD-L1-Positive High-Grade Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Respond Better to Standard Neoadjuvant Treatment—A Retrospective Study of PD-L1 Expression in Relation to Different Clinicopathological Parameters

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is typically a high-grade breast cancer with poorest clinical outcome despite available treatment modalities with chemo-, immuno- and radiotherapy. The status of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a prognostic factor closely related to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed on T lymphocytes modulating antitumor immunity. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are showing promising results in a subset of breast cancer patients in both neo- and adjuvant settings. Pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant treatment was found to be associated with better prognosis. We analyzed the prognostic and predictive significance of PD-L1 (SP142 assay) immunohistochemical expression on TNBC patients’ samples as illustrated by pCR with regard to its relation to treatment regimen, stage, BRCA mutational status and outcome. Furthermore, we analyzed a few other clinicopathological parameters such as age, TILs and proliferation index. The study highlighted a positive role of PD-L1 evaluation for personalized pCR probability assessment. Although considerable research was made on comparison of PD-L1 level in TNBC with different patient parameters, to our best knowledge, the relation of PD-L1 status to pCR while taking treatment regimen and stage into consideration was so far not investigated.
Γ-INVARIANT IDEALS IN IWASAWA ALGEBRAS

Let kG be the completed group algebra of a uniform pro-p group G with coefficients in a field k of characteristic p. We study right ideals I in kG that are invariant under the action of another uniform pro-p group Γ. We prove that if I is non-zero then an irreducible component of the characteristic support of kG/I must be contained in a certain finite union of rational linear subspaces of Spec gr kG. The minimal codimension of these subspaces gives a lower bound on the homological height of I in terms of the action of a certain Lie algebra on G/G. If we take Γ to be G acting on itself by conjugation, then Γ-invariant right ideals of kG are precisely the two-sided ideals of kG, and we obtain a non-trivial lower bound on the homological height of a possible non-zero two-sided ideal. For example, when G is open in SLn(Zp) this lower bound equals 2n − 2. This gives a significant improvement of the results of Ardakov, Wei and Zhang [2] on reflexive ideals in Iwasawa algebras.
Impact on Variation in Genome Content of Wild Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud) Collected from Different Ecological Locations of Karnataka, India

The present work explores the variation in genome content of wild Cymbopogon flexuosus from different locations in Karnataka. Collected plant samples showed genotypic and phenotypic variations. The samples of wild Cymbopogon flexuosus (E1 and E2) were collected from Bannerghatta hills, Bangalore and Charmadi Ghat, Dakshina Kannada district, respectively. The locations for plant collection were selected based on ecological differences such as altitude, temperature, precipitation and soil type. The soil analysis revealed variation in macronutrient and micronutrient content and composition. The studies on E1 and E2 showed significant differences concerning morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf length, inflorescence colour and essential oil content. Flow cytometry studies showed differences in genome size between E1 (2718 Mbp) and E2 (2211Mbp), even though their ploidy status was similar. Due to environmental variations in these ecotypes, the plants could be further explored for crop improvement as they continue to evolve in the wild and develop special traits like pest resistance and drought tolerance.
Control of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) directed self-assembly by laser-induced millisecond thermal annealing

Abstract. Directed self-assembly of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) during laser thermal annealing at peak temperatures of 300°C–800°C for dwells of 1–10 ms has been explored. The enhanced mobility of polymer chains at these temperatures improves registration compared with conventional thermal anneals. PS-b-PMMA films (forming 15-nm line/space standing lamellae) were cast on chemically patterned substrates with a copolymer neutral layer and annealed by laser and hot plate. Annealing by hot plate or multiple laser scans resulted in well-aligned features over micron length scales. By laser annealing multiple times, defectivity was reduced by ∼60%. However, laser annealing for only 10 ms before performing a hot plate anneal reduced defectivity by >80%. We believe that this reduction arises from improved interfacial alignment of the film to the template during laser annealing near the order–disorder transition.
Long‐term changes in the relationship between stratospheric circulation and East Asian winter monsoon

Using two generations of reanalysis datasets from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), we showed that on the interannual timescale the two leading modes of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) are associated with tropospheric annular mode (AM) and stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), respectively. The relationship between AM and the first EAWM mode remained stable during 1958–2013, whereas that between SPV and the second EAWM mode increased suddenly since the late 1980s. The SPV‐related circulation and planetary wave activities are intensified in the latter period. We suggested that this change might be caused by the global warming and ozone depletion.