Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gut Content Analysis of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta)

Analysis of gut content is widely used to ascertain the food and feeding habit of fish species. Diets of fishes represent an integration of many important ecological components that included behavior, condition, habitat use, energy intake and inter/intra specific interactions. The food and feeding of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta [1]was studied based on 42 fishes ranging in size from 13 to 25 cm Total Length (TL), collected by purse seiner during the summer period (February to April), the period in which the fish is available along the Massawa Coast. The methodologies followed in this study are Occurrence method for recording the stomach contents; Gravimetric method to evaluate the net weight of individuals per stomach in each food category [2,3]; Volumetric (Displacement) method used for estimation of various food items [4] and also Index of Preponderance used to evaluate the relative value of different organisms in the diet [5]. There was a preponderance of empty stomachs is noticed. The dominant food item observed was Copepod. The fish (Bregmaceros sp.), Sand and fish scale also formed part of the stomach content.
Histopathological lauren classification of gastric carcinoma with biopsy specimen and a histological difference with dysplasia

Background: The aim of this study was to show whether endoscopic biopsy specimens are adequate quality to enable reliable classification of gastric cancer, about differentiation, the presence of signet ring cells, or histologic type, and a histological difference with Dysplasia. Method: In the present study, 154 patients with gastric carcinoma, with biopsy and surgical specimens were analyzed; and compared with the biopsy for suspected gastric carcinoma. In the gastric carcinoma biopsy specimens, (154 cases) the sensitivity and specificity were 86% and 82% respectively for intestinal type, and 87% and 90% respectively for the diffuse gastric carcinoma. The results of the pathology between endoscopic biopsy and surgical specimen analysis were 70%. Conclusion: In gastric carcinoma, the degree of misclassification is largely independent of whether the source of the material is a biopsy or surgical specimens, and this is important in the preoperative planning of the surgical strategy. *Correspondence to: Kiss Lorant, Department of Patology, 1st Surgical Clinic, Emergency Academic Hospital Sibiu, University Lucian Blaga of Sibiu, Romania, E-mail: drkisslorant@yahoo.com
Characterization of coconut oil and CLA induced lipolysis

Obesity is a main health concern and leads to many other health complications. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to cause a reduction in obesity in several species. CLA-induced body fat loss is enhanced when mice are fed coconut oil (CO). The objectives were to determine if the CLA-induced lipolysis in different oil source-fed mice was time-dependent and to determine the effect of cell signaling inhibitors on CO+CLA-induced lipolysis. Study 1: Male mice (ICR; n=80; 3wk) were fed 7% soybean oil (SO) or CO diets for 6wk and then supplemented with 0 or 0.5% CLA for 3, 7, 10 or 14d. Body fat index (BFI) was calculated as [(epididymal fat pad + retroperitoneal fat pad)/ body weight] and lipolysis was determined by non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glycerol release in 3hr ex vivo cultures. BFI was reduced by CO on d7 (P<0.01) and CLA tended (P=0.09) to decrease BFI in CO-fed mice on d10. BFI was reduced in both CO and SO-fed mice (P<0.05) in response to CLA on d14. NEFA release was increased by CLA in CO-fed mice (P<0.01) but not in SO-fed mice on d7 and 10 but on d14 CLA increased NEFA release in both CO and SO-fed mice (P<0.0001). Glycerol release was also increased by CLA in CO-fed mice but not in SO-fed mice on d3 and d7 (P<0.05). We then determined expression and activation level of proteins involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis. CLA tended to decrease (P=0.06) p-perilipin protein expression in CO-fed mice. There was also a trend for CLA (P=0.06) to decrease adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein. CO-fed mice had greater fatty acid synthase, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 mRNA expression and less acetyl CoA carboxylase mRNA expression (P<0.01). Sterol regulatory binding protein 1c and malic enzyme expression was least in CO+CLA-fed mice. Study 2: 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated, exposed to CO or SO for 10d, serum starved overnight, and pre-loaded with 3[H]-oleic acid for 12 hrs. Cells were treated with 50 μM CLA or linoleic acid (LA) with/without cell signaling inhibitors for 12-24 hrs. Lipolysis was measured as the 3-hr release of 3[H]-oleic acid. Without inhibitors, CO+CLA treatment caused more lipolysis (P<0.01) than all other treatments, which did not differ. None of the inhibitors tested reduced lipolysis in CO+CLA treated cells. Cyclooxegenase-2 inhibitor increased lipolysis of SO+CLA treated cells (P=0.05) to the level of CO+CLA. Phospholipase C inhibitor increased lipolysis in all treatments (P<0.0001) except that of CO+CLA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α inhibitor also increased lipolysis of CO+LA (P<0.05) to the level of CO+CLA treated cells and in SO+CLA treated cells. There was no effect of the p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase or protein kinase A inhibitor, compared to absence of inhibitor. Therefore CLA-induced lipolysis occurs more rapidly in CO vs SO-fed mice and the CLA enhanced lipolysis in CO group could involve the PLC pathway.
Identification of Rabbit Myostatin Gene Polymorphisms

The existence of selection on the rabbits with potential for meat has only been seen from phenotypic aspects including performance and productivity, while the molecular genetic studies are still very rare. One of the candidate genes for meat production traits in rabbit is myostatin. Totally 50 blood samples of male rabbits from Rex, Satin, Reza (crossing from Rex and Satin), Flemish Giant and FZ3 (crossing from Flemish Giant and Reza) breed were used at Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP). Genetic polymorphism by Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method used FspBI restriction enzyme. PCR-RFLP data were analyzed by calculating allele and genotype frequencies. Sequencing was performed in rabbit with different genotypes which represents each of the samples. Genotype of AT had two cut points of the FspBI restriction enzyme at the base position of 508 bp and 444 bp. The cut point at the base position of 446 bp was site mutation base T became A. Genotype of TT had one cut point at the base position of 508 bp and no mutation site. Allele T had higher frequency than allele A and just Rex and Reza rabbit breeds had two alleles. The other rabbits (Satin, Flemish Giant and FZ3) only had one allele i.e., allele T. PCR - RFLP analysis of the MSTN| FspBI gene segments was polymorphic in Rex and Reza rabbit breeds. All of rabbit breeds in this study did not have AA genotype. Key words: myostatin gene, rabbit
Infection Control Practices: Awareness and Knowledge of Undergraduates in Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Hospital acquired infection an infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. Every person associated with health care work should have proper training, knowledge and practice for the same. Undergraduates do not have proper knowledge towards the health care management. As they are in the learning phase, need to train enough. Methods: It was an observational analytical study. 2nd year MBBS students were included in the study. A semi-structured preformed questionnaire of total 21 questions having multiple choice questions with the use of Google doc application. Data were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel program. Result: Total 143 2nd year MBBS students responded. Knowledge regarding needle stick injuries was 40-60 % while about MDR and XDR TB was up to 70-80 %. Around 60 % knew the correct dosage schedule of Hepatitis B vaccine whereas 70 % emphasized the importance of hand hygiene in hospital acquired infections. Conclusion: The study shows lack of knowledge and awareness amongst medical students about hospital acquired infections. There is to educate them enough by means of various curriculum activities. More such studies should be done in future to assess their KAP score and guide them well.
Relationship Between Polymorphisms of Nramp1 Gene and Immune Function of Pig

Objective To study the distribution of polymorphism in natural resistance associated macrophage protein1 (Nramp1) in two pig breeds and the association of this polymorphism with some immune functions. MethodPCR-RFLP technique was applied to analyze the correlation between the polymorphisms of Nramp1 gene and immune function (value of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and effect of cytotoxin of monocyte) in 165 individuals of Large White pig and 109 individuals of Songliao Black pig. ResultThere was one Nde I restriction loci in both Large White pig and Songliao Black pig. The immune traits was not significantly different in different breeds and different genotypes,but the difference was significant among different genotypes in the same breed. In Large White pig,both of values of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and effect of cytotoxin of monocyte in genotype BB were higher than genotype AB (P0.05). The death rate of genotype BB was lower than that of genotype AB. By contraries in Songliao Black pig,the value of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction of genotype AB was higher than that of genotype BB (P0.05),and the death rate of genotype AB was lower than that of genotype BB. ConclusionThe results indicated that there was a significant correlation between different genotypes of Nramp1 gene and immune function in the same breed,and it could be treated as a candidate gene of disease resistance.
BIOMASS ALLOCATION BY BROAD-LEAF MAHOGANY SEEDLINGS, SWIETENIA-MACROPHYLLA (KING), IN ABANDONED PASTURE AND SECONDARY DRY FOREST IN GUANACASTE, COSTA-RICA

Root system development of planted and sown seedlings of Swietenia macrophylla King (broad-leaf mahogany) was studied in abandoned pasture and secondary forest in former tropical dry forest in Guanacaste Conservation Area, Costa Rica. Differences between and within secondary dry forest habitats were assumed to cause differences in biomass allocation. Biomass allocation, root/shoot (R/S) ratio, root surface area/leaf area, rooting depth and the root specialization (tap root/total root system), were measured on 5, 13, 29 and 32 month-old seedlings. The youngest seedling groups harvested had been sown directly in the field, while the two oldest age groups had been grown in a nursery and transplanted to the field at three to four months of age. The field conditions were abandoned (Hyparrhenia rufa Stapf) pasture with mown and unmown grass and semi-evergreen secondary forest with normal and with reduced root competition under both thinned and unthinned forest canopy. Seedling biomass was lower in the secondary forest than in the pasture. Biomass was higher in mown than in unmown pasture. In the secondary forest, light availability rather than reduced root competition promoted biomass investment. R/S ratio did not increase by increasing light levels in the forest. A tendency of an increase in R/S ratio and root specialization was found with increasing seedling age, suggesting the importance of uptake and storage organs.
Effects of phosphorus on activities of enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism in flag leaves and protein contents in grains of wheat

Nitrogen metabolism in leaves has important function on protein accumulation in wheat grains,involving three key enzymes,i.e.nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthetase(GS)and endopeptidase(EP). It has been well documented the changes of related enzymes in nitrogen metabolism under different rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer.However,little research has been done about the effect of phosphorus(P)on the contents of protein components in wheat.The objectives of the present research were to investigate the effect of P on the activities of three enzymes concerned with nitrogen metabolism in flag leaves and protein accumulation as well as its component contents in wheat grains.The study was carried out from 2001 to 2002 with two wheat cultivars(Triticum aestivum L.cv.Lumai 22 and cv.Jinan 17)in field.Three P rates(P0,P1 and P2)were set in the experiment,and the amounts of P application were 0 kg,105 kg and 210 kg P_2O_5 per ha,respectively.The results showed that the activities of NR,GS and EP in flag leaves were increased with the increase of P application during the early and middle grain filling stages(Fig.13),and the effect of P application for Jinan 17 was greater than that for Lumai 22,but there was no significant difference between P1 and P2 treatment.The contents of soluble protein and free amino acid in flag leaves were increased by P application before 14 d and 7 d after anthesis respectively(Fig.4 and Fig.5). And P1 treatment was of benefit to the accumulation of free amino acid during early grain filling stage and the redistribution to grains during the whole grain filling stage,whereas P2 treatment was less effect on the redistribution.It indicated that the synthesis and accumulation of protein in grains were increased by P application during grain filling stage,especially in the early stage.The protein content in P1 and P2 was significantly higher than that in P0 during the early grain filling.When maturing,P1 treatment had the highest total protein content in both cultivars(Fig.6). In P1 treatment,there were little effect on the contents of albumin and globulin,and significant increase for the contents of gliadin and gluten in the two cultivars,which was greater for Lumai 22 than for Jinan 17(Table 1). These results suggested that P1 treatment had little effect on wheat nutritional quality,but could improve its processing quality.However,excessive P application could deteriorate the processing quality as for Jinan 17.Therefore,different cultivation management should be adopted according to the different quality demans of different wheat types.
Canopy gaps promote selective stem-cutting by small mammals of two dominant tree species in an African lowland forest: the importance of seedling chemistry

Abstract: Small mammals can impede tree regeneration by injuring seedlings and saplings in several ways. One fatal way is by severing their stems, but apparently this type of predation is not well-studied in tropical rain forest. Here, we report on the incidence of ‘stem-cutting’ to new, wild seedlings of two locally dominant, canopy tree species monitored in 40 paired forest understorey and gap-habitat areas in Korup, Cameroon following a 2007 masting event. In gap areas, which are required for the upward growth and sapling recruitment of both species, 137 seedlings of the long-lived, light-demanding, fast-growing large tropical tree (Microberlinia bisulcata) were highly susceptible to stem-cutting (83% of deaths) — it killed 39% of all seedlings over a c. 2-y period. In stark contrast, seedlings of the more shade-tolerant, slower-growing tree species (Tetraberlinia bifoliolata) were hardly attacked (4.3%). In the understorey, however, stem-cutting was virtually absent. Across the gap areas, the incidence of stem-cutting of M. bisulcata seedlings showed significant spatial variation that could not be explained significantly by either canopy openness or Janzen–Connell type effects (proximity and basal area of conspecific adult trees). To examine physical and chemical traits that might explain the species difference to being cut, bark and wood tissues were collected from a separate sample of seedlings in gaps (i.e. not monitored for stem-cutting). These analyses suggested that, compared with T. bifoliolata, the lower stem density, higher Mg and K and fatty acid concentrations in bark, and fewer phenolic and terpene compounds in M. bisulcata seedlings made them more palatable and attractive to small-mammal predators, likely rodents. We conclude that selective stem-cutting is a potent countervailing force to the current local canopy dominance of the grove-forming M. bisulcata by limiting the recruitment and abundance of its saplings. Given the ubiquity of gaps and ground-dwelling rodents in pantropical forests, it would be surprising if this form of lethal browsing was restricted to Korup.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation of Carabus prodigus Antennae and Their Electroantennographic Responses

By using the technics of scanning electron microscope (SEM),the shape,category,amount and distribution of the main antenna sensilla of the adult Carabus prodigus were observed,and their electroantennographic(EAG) responses to some kinds of volatiles were tested.In both female and male of adults,three types of sensilla chaetica,one type of sensilla trichodea,seven types of sensilla basconica,one type of sensilla styloconicum,two types of sensilla coeloconica and one type of sensilla campaniformia were distinguished.The comparison of the EAG response of different parts of C.prodigus antennae of both adult females and males showed that the apical part of the antenna elicited the strongest EAG responses,while the middle part of the antenna produced the smallest,and each volatile could elicite EAG responses of both females and males.The dose-response test showed that there was a certain rule in the EAG response of C.Prodigus.
Mortality associated with bacterial infections in broilers at selected farms in Punjab

The present investigation was undertaken to study the pathology of bacterial diseases of broilers at selected farms in Punjab. Bacterial diseases viz. omphalitis, gangrenous dermatitis and colibacillosis were observed. Gross and histopathological alterations were recorded. Isolation of causative organisms was undertaken in the affected tissues. Cultural sensitivity reports showed that most of the isolates from these diseases were sensitive to pefloxacin, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin and chloramphenicol while resistant to penicillin-G, ampicillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin and cephalexin.
Determination of bone and fat concentrations following systemic cefamandole and regional cefuroxime administration in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty

Five patients undergoing routine total knee replacement received standard antibiotic prophylaxis of 1000 mg of iv cefamandole and also regional administration of 750 mg of cefuroxime. Regional dosing was carried out at the start of the operation, following the application of a mid-thigh tourniquet, by administration into a foot vein. Samples of bone and fat were collected during the operation and assayed for cefuroxime and cefamandole by HPLC analysis. The mean cefuroxime bone (133.1 mg/l) and fat (88.4 mg/l) levels following regional administration were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than the mean cefamandole bone (9.1 mg/l) and fat (9.8 mg/l) levels following systemic dosing. The possibility of administration of prophylaxis by the regional route is suggested.
Dry root rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler): an emerging disease of chickpea – where do we stand?

Dry root rot caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Macrophomina phaseolina) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is gaining importance in the changed scenario of climate when growing crop is predisposed to high temperature and moisture stress. Being mainly a soil-inhabiting pathogen, many environmental and soil factors are responsible for the development of disease. No systematic research related to the biology, ecology and epidemiology of dry root rot in chickpea has been conducted so far. Research is needed to improve the identification and characterisation of variability within its epidemiological and pathological niches. Limited literature available on host plant resistance for dry root rot indicated lack of resistant sources for this disease. The present article discusses current status of the disease in the context of climate change and possible management options to alleviate the problem.
Associations between nutritional composition and farming type of organically and conventionally grown cereals

Objective: To determine the nutritional composition including the health benefitial dietary component β-glucan of different cereals grown by organic and conventional farming, and to find out the influence of the cereal kind and farming method on their values, as well as the possible associations between particular nutritive components in cereal samples and farming type. Material and Methods: 27 different cereal samples grown at three locations were analysed by standard AOAC methods of analysis for their nutritional composition. A mixed-linkage β-glucan assay kit (Megazyme Ireland) was used for determination of the health benefit dietary component β-glucan value. Cereal kind-farming method by chemical-technological trait biplot analysis was done within R 2.9. 0 program environment for investigation of associations between average value of cereal nutrients and farming type. Results: A significant increase in the content of ash, dry matter, protein and fat in organically produced cereals was noticed in comparisson with those which were produced either by conventional or in conversion method. Cereal kind-farming method by chemical-technological trait biplot revealed existance of positive and negative associations between the average value of particular cereal nutrient and farming type. Conclusion: Based on the cereal kind-farming method by chemical-technological trait biplot the possibilities are derived that could be used for agronomic practice, breeding and food processing industry at improving the important properties-dry matter, protein, fat, ash, moisture and β-D-glucan in cereal crops. Organic farming method proved to be effective for oat for the all examined chemical–technological traits except moisture and ash, and for barley for dry matter, beta-glucan, ash and protein contents.
Evaluation of Equate Salmonella ELISA Kit for the Detection of Salmonella from Raw Meat

食品 に汚染 してい るサルモネ ラは,一 般に少量 で,他 の各種細菌によ る汚染 も著 しく,直 接分離培 養による菌 検出 はほとんど不可能 である. 通 常,食 品か らのサルモ ネラ検査 は,前 培養,選 択増菌培養,分 離培養,お よび 分離同定 と,そ の操作 は煩雑で長時間を要 する. そ のため,検 査 の簡易 ・迅 速化 が検討 されて きてお り,最 近 では,特 異性の高 いモ ノクローナル抗体を用 い た酵素抗体法9,13)やDNAプ ローブ法5)を応用 して,分 離 培養および生化学的性状 試験 を実施す ることな く,サ ル モネ ラを検出す るキ ッ トが,ア メ リカやオース トラ リア などで開発 されて きている. 今回,著 者 らはサルモネ ラの鞭毛抗原 に対す るモ ノク ローナル抗体を用 い るELISA法 によるEquate Salmonella ELISAキ ッ トを 日常 の食品検査 に応用 し,そ の実 用性 を従来の培養 によるサルモネラ検査法 と比較検討 し たので報告す る.