Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host-induced gene silencing involves transfer of dsRNA-derived siRNA via extracellular vesicles

Abstract Small (s)RNA molecules are crucial factors in the communication between hosts and their interacting pathogens, where they function as effectors that can modulate both host defense and microbial virulence/pathogenicity through a mechanism termed cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi). Consistent with this recent knowledge, sRNAs and their double-stranded (ds)RNA precursors have been adopted to control diseases in crop plants through transgenic expression (host-induced gene silencing, HIGS) or exogenous application (spray-induced gene silencing, SIGS). While these strategies proved to be effective, the mechanism of RNA transfer at the plant - pathogen interface is widely unresolved. Here we show that extracellular vesicles (EVs) purified from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf extracts and apoplastic fluids contain transgene-derived sRNAs. EVs from plants expressing CYP3RNA, a 791 nt long dsRNA, which was originally designed to target the three CYP51 genes of the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum, contain CYP3RNA-derived small interfering (si)RNAs as shown by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Notably, the EVs cargo retained the same CYP3RNA-derived siRNA profile as the respective leaf extracts, suggesting that there was no selective uptake of specific artificial sRNAs into EVs. In addition, mutants of the ESCRT-III complex were impaired in HIGS further indicating that endosomal vesicle trafficking supports transfer of transgene-derived siRNAs between donor host cells and recipient fungal cells. Further supporting the relevance of EV-mediated transport of sRNA, we demonstrate that HIGS plants, expressing a 100 nt dsRNA-target-sequence identified via EV-sRNA-seq of CYP3RNA Arabidopsis, confers strong resistance to F. graminearum. Together, these findings support the view that EVs are key mediators in the transport of HIGS-related sRNAs to reduce the virulence of interacting fungal pathogens during host-pathogen interaction.
How intergroup social connections shape immigrants’ responses to social exclusion

K. D. Williams (2009) theorized that chronic social exclusion would inescapably lead to a detrimental stage of resignation, characterized by depression, alienation, unworthiness, and helplessness. However, few studies empirically addressed this assumption. Considering immigrants as a population at risk of persistent exclusion, we investigated how social connections with the native-born majority and other immigrant minorities moderate the exclusion–resignation link. In Study 1 (N = 112 asylum seekers), participants mainly connected with other immigrants showed a significant association between chronic exclusion and resignation. Crucially, this link vanished for people with social connections mainly composed of native people. In Study 2, we replicated and extended these results running secondary analyses on a data set of 2,206 immigrants (CILS4EU). This work, suggesting that the exclusion–resignation link can be moderated by social factors, highlighted the relevance of immigrants’ connections with the native majority for counteracting the risk of segregation when tackling the social issue of immigrants’ everyday exclusion.
The Effects of Food-Related Motivation, Local Food Involvement, and Food Satisfaction on Destination Loyalty: The Case of Angeles City, Philippines

The paper examines the effect of local food on loyalty of tourists on a destination. The participants were identified using purposive method of sampling and these respondents comprised of local and foreign tourists who have visited Angeles City. The research design used was predictive-correlational method and partial least squares path modelling was utilized to gauge the parameter estimates. The results showed that food-related motivation positively affects local food involvement, destination loyalty, and food satisfaction. It was also found out that local food involvement is significantly and positively related to food satisfaction and destination loyalty. Moreover, relationship between food satisfaction and destination loyalty was found to be significant and positive. The mediation analysis revealed that food satisfaction is a mediator on the link between food-related motivation and destination loyalty and between local food involvement and destination loyalty .
Profile Of Diabetes Mellitus In Elderly

Background; India being in a stage of demographic transition shows an increase in a non-communicable disease including diabetes. The diabetic trend is toward increase not only in urban population but also in rural population. But scanty literature is available on diabetes. The present study was conducted to know the complication profile and risk factors among the elderly diabetics. Aims; To find out the prevalence of diabetes among elderly. To detect the risk factors, complication and co-morbidities among elderly diabetics. Designs; Cross-sectional study. Methodology; The cross-sectional study was done in field practice area of urban health training center (UHTC) of the Department of Community Medicine of Govt. Medical College &amp; Hospital sector 32, Chandigarh. A prestructured pretested proforma was used to get detailed information regarding demographic profile, chief complaints, co-morbidities, and treatment of the elderly. Statistical Analysis; Percentage. Results; Out of 74 patients 40 (54.1%) presented with some sign / symptom for which FBS was done and the patient was found diabetic. 18 (24.6%) were diagnosed on routine investigation and rest 16(21.6%) accidentally. The most common risk factor found in our study for diabetes was sedentary life style 35 (47.3%). Among the co-morbidities, 31 (41.9%) had hypertension while 21(28.1%) had CVD. Polyurea was found to be the most common presenting complaint. Conclusion; The lifestyle changes are required to avoid diseases like diabetes and patients need continuos motivation to continue diabetic treatment and dietary restriction. There is a need to have a holistic and multidisciplinary approach for management of elderly diabetes.
Correlation between the HBsAg Level and the Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Profile in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients from Malaysia

Background In recent times, the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) level, a cheaper marker compared to the molecular method, has been used not only for indicating active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but also for predicting the clinical and treatment outcomes. Chronic HBV (CHB) infection is related to defects in cells-mediated immunity; however, data linking the level of HBsAg with changes of immune response during a CHB infection is still lacking in Malaysia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify the HBsAg level in CHB patients and to investigate its correlation with the immune status. Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients with CHB infection and 20 healthy controls were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Serological and biochemical analyses were performed on the serum samples. The HBV genotype was determined by direct sequencing and the viral load in the serum was measured using qPCR. The immunophenotype profiles of the peripheral blood lymphocyte were analyzed using flow cytometry and the HBsAg concentration was measured using Roche’s Elecsys HBsAg II assay. Results: The analyzed data demonstrated a narrowly higher mean level of bilirubin and liver enzymes exhibited by the viremic CHB patients compared to the healthy controls. In the viral load study, 15 patients had a high viral DNA load (≥ 3×106 genome copies/ mL), while 35 patients had a low or undetectable viral load (< 3×106 genome copies/mL). The phylogenetic tree analysis for 35 detectable samples elucidated that the genotypes were B and C, and they were at equal prevalence rates. The outcome of the peripheral blood lymphocyte study revealed that the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ cells were significantly reduced, while the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were observed to be slightly increased in the CHB patients compared to the healthy controls. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences between the CHB patients and healthy controls with respect to other peripheral blood lymphocyte cells. More than half of the patients had HBsAg titre above 1000 IU/mL, and there was a positive and negative correlation between the HBsAg titre and the percentage of total T cell lymphocytes and natural killer cells, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that serum HBsAg suppressednatural killer cells population, but enhanced total T cells lymphocyte in response to CHB infection. This study has shown the importance of quantitative HBsAg as a laboratory biomarker that may help to define the immune state of CHB patients
Factors Affecting the Intention to Participate in Healthcare Programs among Elders Living Alone

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify factors affecting elders’ intention to participate in healthcare programs. Methods: This secondary data analysis used data of 390 elderly people who lived alone and were enrolled in the Visiting Health Care Center of H-city. In 2014, questionnaires were used to collect data about demographics, social activity, depression, frailty, and intention to participate in healthcare programs. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions. Results: Among the participants, 51.8% intended to participate in the offered healthcare programs. The strongest factor affecting the intention was gender. Women were 4.85 times more likely to participate in the programs than men. The women’s intention was associated positively with increased levels of frailty. The men tended to participate in the program as they got older and as the level of frailty and the number of chronic diseases increased. Conclusion: Gender-specific public healthcare programs for vulnerable elders living alone should be developed to maximize their participation in the programs and to promote good health. The healthcare programs must be tailored to the levels of the patients’ physical functions.
Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Ibu Hamil dalam Pemeriksaan HIV di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Halmahera Kota Semarang

HIV/AIDS is a health problem throughout the world, including Indonesia. HIV is becoming an increasing concern in Indonesia, particularly among women of reproductive age. In Semarang city until June 2016 HIV cases in housewives reached 1503 cases and 297 cases in children. Therefore, efforts should be made to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child through HIV testing during pregnancy. The purpose of the research to analyze the factors related with maternal behavior to hiv testing in the region of halmahera health center, semarang. This research used quantitative method with cross sectional approach, with 60 population and 54 samples by using total sampling, 6 person dropout. Data were analyzed using chi square test (significant level is 0,05). The result showed that pregnant women do HIV testing as much as 74,1% and 25,9% do not conduct examination. Result of statistical test show several factors related with maternal behavior to hiv testing are knowledge (0,001) attitude (0,002), availability of facilities and infrastructure (0,001) and support of health workers (0,020). While factors do not related with maternal behavior to hiv testing are age (0,652), educational level (0,550), works (1,000), support of husband (0,111) and support of family (0,256). Effort that need to done is approach from health worker to pregnant women and family in the provision of information related to prevention and the transmission of hiv from mother to child. Promoting the services room means that privacy and comfortable to keep confidentiality.
The Role of National Character Building in History Learning as a Preventive Control of Violence Case Among Students

— Brawl ( tawuran ), or mass street fighting involving students or gang of students, turns as significantly high violence cases among students in Indonesia. Reflecting the case of students’ brawl still becoming education issues, this paper is aimed to comprehensively elucidate the significance of national character building in history learning in responding to violence cases occurred among students. As a result, the study shows that there was misunderstanding on solidarity concept, negatively articulated. A history learning had a significant role to form national identity through national character building. Those students understood on national character building would hinder any forms of violence since their understanding was highly related to a person’s behavior.
Agency and power in classroom names and naming practices

ABSTRACT Names are used every day in classrooms across the world as an important marker of personal and social identity but educators will, from time to time, encounter names that are unfamiliar or perceived as difficult to pronounce. The present study explores teachers’ and students’ language dispositions towards names and how naming practices impact learners and the social space of the classroom. It presents a collection of vignettes collected in an Australian primary school through critical ethnography. The vignettes illustrate the significance of naming for teacher and learner identities. Using analytical insights from Pierre Bourdieu and Jim Cummins, the discussion identifies naming as a pedagogical practice for empowering learners and it challenges the currently held notion of teachers as non-agential in naming practices. The study urges teachers to learn how to properly pronounce their students’ real names and it offers recommendations for future research on naming practices and learner identities.
Multicultural Orientations in Music Therapy Education

This mixed-methods study examined music therapists’ experiences with, education regarding, and attitudes about music therapy with people who have multiple intersectional cultural perspectives. In the first phase, a survey created by the researcher was used to gathered information about participants’ (n = 474) education, training, attitudes, and skills regarding culture. In the second phase, 7 individuals were interviewed to learn about their experiences regarding multicultural education. Survey data was analyzed to compare the attitudes/skills of participants. On average, participants were more confident in their ability to work with adults and people with disability than they were in their ability to work with children and adolescents. Participants were least confident in their ability to work with people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ), or people whose religion or language was different than their own. Scores on some attitudes and skills differed among participants according to demographic factors: those who identified as bisexual, nonbinary gender, a person of color, an educator, or as having graduated in the past 10 years, indicated significantly greater skills and/or cultural awareness on several measures. On all items, scores were higher for those who held a master’s degree than for those who only held a bachelor’s degree. Qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed participants’ concerns regarding a lack of research about how to teach about cultural perspectives in music therapy; a Eurocentric approach that minimizes, whitewashes, or erases non-White experiences; a question of whether the topic can be adequately addressed in the undergraduate curriculum; and the silencing or marginalizing of minority experiences within the field.
Photolysis and oxidation by OH radicals of two carbonyl nitrates: 4-nitrooxy-2-butanone and 5-nitrooxy-2-pentanone

Abstract. Multifunctional organic nitrates, including carbonyl nitrates, are important species formed in NOx-rich atmospheres by the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These compounds have been shown to play a key role in the transport of reactive nitrogen and, consequently, in the ozone budget; they are also known to be important components of the total organic aerosol. However, very little is known about their reactivity in both the gas and condensed phases. Following a previous study that we published on the gas-phase reactivity of α-nitrooxy ketones, the photolysis and reaction with OH radicals of 4-nitrooxy-2-butanone and 5-nitrooxy-2-pentanone (which are a β-nitrooxy ketone and γ-nitrooxy ketone, respectively) were investigated for the first time in simulation chambers. The photolysis frequencies were directly measured in the CESAM chamber, which is equipped with a very realistic irradiation system. The jnitrate/jNO2 ratios were found to be (5.9±0.9)×10-3 for 4-nitrooxy-2-butanone and (3.2±0.9)×10-3 for 5-nitrooxy-2-pentanone under our experimental conditions. From these results, it was estimated that ambient photolysis frequencies calculated for typical tropospheric irradiation conditions corresponding to the 1 July at noon at 40∘ N (overhead ozone column of 300 and albedo of 0.1) are (6.1±0.9)×10-5 s−1 and (3.3±0.9)×10-5 s−1 for 4-nitrooxy-2-butanone and 5-nitrooxy-2-pentanone, respectively. These results demonstrate that photolysis is a very efficient sink for these compounds with atmospheric lifetimes of few hours. They also suggest that, similarly to α-nitrooxy ketones, β-nitrooxy ketones have enhanced UV absorption cross sections and quantum yields equal to or close to unity and that γ-nitrooxy ketones have a lower enhancement of cross sections, which can easily be explained by the larger distance between the two chromophore groups. Thanks to a product study, the branching ratio between the two possible photodissociation pathways is also proposed. Rate constants for the reaction with OH radicals were found to be (2.9±1.0)×10-12 and (3.3±0.9)×10-12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. These experimental data are in good agreement with rate constants estimated by the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of Kwok and Atkinson (1995) when using the parametrization proposed by Suarez-Bertoa et al. (2012) for carbonyl nitrates. Comparison with photolysis rates suggests that the OH-initiated oxidation of carbonyl nitrates is a less efficient sink than photodissociation but is not negligible in polluted areas.
Managing the Risk of the Beta Anomaly

We study the risk dynamics of the betting-against-beta anomaly. The strategy shows strong and predictable time variation in risk and no risk-return trade-off. A risk-managed strategy exploiting this achieves an annualized Sharpe ratio of 1.28 with a very high information ratio of 0.94 with respect to the original strategy. Similar strategies for the market, size, value, profitability, and investment factors achieve a much smaller information ratio of 0.15 on average. The large economic benefits of risk-scaling are similar to those of momentum and set these two anomalies apart from other equity factors. Decomposing risk into a market and a specific component we find the specific component drives our results.
Urban Entrepreneurialism Vs Market Society: The Geography of China's Neoliberal Urbanism

Abstract Existing literature on China's neoliberal urbanism is preoccupied with its institutional incentives and political-economy dynamics, which are characterized by state dominance through sponsorship and supervision of capital-market operations that drive pro-growth aspirations and gentrification strategies. Meanwhile, society, confronted with brutal neoliberal production of urban space, is vulnerable to dispossession and displacement. In this article, we draw upon an ethnographic study conducted at the Higher Education Mega Centre (HEMC) of Guangzhou in an attempt to revisit China's neoliberal urbanism beyond the Marxian political-economy repertoire, and shift the theoretical focus from production to consumption. In an institutionalized neoliberal context, the state? market? society nexus is closely intertwined? a process that manifests itself as the entangling of state and market, the establishment of a market society, the reflexive effects between neoliberalization and Chinese urban entrepreneurialism, and the capital-centric rule in urban (re)development. In particular, the socioeconomic and sociospatial contradictions in the HEMC case indicate aggressive and insatiable production of urban space, which has been led by the entrepreneurial local state, but is bounded by the market-oriented and capital-centric rules of institutionalized neoliberalization. The article concludes by calling for pragmatic reflection on the ? hard? neoliberal urbanism of the global South.
Analysis of the Acceptance Process of District Health Information Systems (DHIS) for Vertical Health Programmes: A Case Study of TB, HIV/AIDS and Malaria Programmes in Tanzania

District Health Information System (DHIS) is used in many parts of the world to report aggregated data at the district level. Tanzania is one of the countries where the ministry of health endorsed DHIS for such use. Although the system has been rolled out recently throughout the country, Vertical Health Programmes (VHPs) are on their way to fully adopting the system. The objective of this study was to analyse the acceptance process of DHIS by three VHPs so as to examine the facilitating conditions and the challenges that they face. Data was collected through interviews, document review and observation. Analysis of the data showed the facilitating conditions to be having a consensus on which VHP indicators to include in the DHIS, existence of infrastructure including the routine Health Information System (HIS), and support from development partners. Challenges of acceptance process of DHIS include inadequate human resource for HIS, data quality and information flow issues, and existence of separate monitoring and evaluation systems for the VHPs. The study recommends integration or interoperation of DHIS with VHP systems, creating a pool of resources for HIS, training and motivating human resource for HIS.
Australian Indigenous HealthBulletin

Objective: To assess the use, appropriateness of, and staff feedback on specific sexual health modules, which were installed on Heuristic Interactive Technology (HITnet) kiosks at Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHS). The HITnet kiosks were aimed at Aboriginal youth visiting these sites. Methods: Modules on the HITnet kiosks were assessed for (1) cultural appropriateness using Yunkaporta’s Aboriginal pedagogy framework and (2) compliance with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) advice on key elements for comprehensive sexual health education for young people. Data measuring kiosk use were obtained through HITnet kiosk activity reports. An online survey of ACCHS staff was used to qualitatively assess use of, and staff perceptions of, HITnet kiosks. Results: Kiosk modules were consistent with seven of the eight elements of Yunkaporta’s framework and all of the WHO recommendations. The most popular module generated 3,066 purposeful sessions and the least popular module generated 724 purposeful sessions across nine sites in 2012. While teenagers were the most frequent of the kiosk user groups (39.5% in 2012), the majority of users (56%) were not in the target group (i.e. elders 4%, adults 25%, children 27%). Key issues reported by ACCHS staff (n=11) included: lack of clarity regarding staff responsibility for overseeing kiosk functionality; kiosks attracting “inappropriate ages”; and “lack of privacy” based on kiosk location, screen visibility, and absence of headphones preventing discreet access.