Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of non-pharmacological Methods on Pain Reduction in First Stage of Labor at Sohag University Hospital

Background: Labor is a health state that most women aspire to at some point in their lives. The first thought that comes to the woman's mind regarding delivery is the pain of labor. The aim of the study to evaluate effect of non-pharmacological methods on pain reduction in first stage of labor at Sohag University Hospital. Subjects and Methods: Design Quasi-experimental design was used to conduct this research Setting : this study was carried out at obstetric emergency department at Sohag University Hospital. Sample : the sample consisted of a purposive sample 150 women. Tools used in this study, Tool I: Patient assessment sheet. Tool II: Visual Analogue Scale. Tool III: Participants satisfaction tool. The main results: It revealed that there was statistical significance difference on pain reduction before applying back massage and reflexology and after applying them with p-value =0.000. Conclusion According to our study valid evidence for effect of back massage and reflexology on pain reduction in first stage of labor. Recommendation: The System of nursing care should include non-pharmacological pain relieve measures as back massage and reflexology when providing maternity care during labor.
Effects of Rain and Snow on the Air Quality Index, PM2.5 Levels, and Dry Deposition Flux of PCDD/Fs

ABSTRACT The effects of eighteen precipitation (rain and snow) events in both Jinan and Qingdao cities in Shandong Province, China, on the air quality and dry deposition flux in PCDD/Fs were investigated. A total of fifteen precipitation events were positive for AQI reductions. In these events, the AQI ranged between 29 and 195 and averaged 79, and the PM2.5 concentration ranged between 10 and 146 µg m–3 and averaged 39 µg m–3. A comparison of the average of the fifteen events during and after the precipitation, respectively, with that before the precipitation, showed AQI reduction fractions of 23% and 32%, respectively, while those for the PM2.5 concentration were 27% and 42%, respectively; the PCDD/F dry deposition ranged between 145.7 and 1152 pg WHO2005-TEQ m–2 day–1 and averaged 476.7 pg WHO2005-TEQ m–2 day–1. A comparison of the above events after the precipitation showed that the reduction in the fraction of the PCDD/F dry deposition flux averaged 35%. However, the other three precipitation events demonstrated an elevation in the AQI, where the AQI ranged between 24 and 147 and averaged 91, and the PM2.5 concentration ranged between 4 and 112 µg m–3 and averaged 42 µg m–3. A comparison of the values during and after the precipitation, respectively with those before the precipitation, revealed increased AQI fractions of –18% and 28%, respectively, while those for the PM2.5 concentration were 16% and 51%, respectively. In the three AQI elevation events, the PCDD/F dry deposition flux ranged between 191.3 and 946.2 pg WHO2005-TEQ m–2 day–1 and averaged 473.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ m–2 day–1. A comparison of the period after the precipitation with that before the precipitation showed that the increase in the fraction of the PCDD dry deposition flux averaged 20%. The above results revealed that, in general, rain and snow did improve the air quality in the areas of interest. This was due to the fact that the particulates or dissolved gaseous pollutants were scavenged out of the air and carried the aerosols down to the ground. However, in some events, after rainy or snowy days, increases in the source emissions and reductions in the atmospheric vertical convection did result in an elevation in the AQI, PM2.5 concentrations, and PCDD/F dry deposition in the ambient air. The results of this study provided useful information contributing to air quality management.
CEG_A_200760 203..210

Jiten Desai Mohamed Elnaggar 2 Ahmed A Hanfy Rajkumar Doshi 2 1Department of Internal Medicine, Nassau University of Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA; 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA Abstract: Toxic megacolon (TM) is one of the fatal complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or any infectious etiology of the colon that is characterized by total or partial nonobstructive colonic dilatation and systemic toxicity. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and surgical management is necessary for the majority of the cases. An accurate history and physical examination, plain radiographs of the abdomen, sigmoidoscopy, and, most important of all, awareness of the condition facilitate diagnosis in most cases. Operative intervention is warranted when massive hemorrhage, perforation, or peritonitis complicate the clinical scenario or medical therapy fails to control the disease. We sought to review the management challenges of TM and its possible management strategies in this article.
Machine-learning non-stationary noise out of gravitational wave detectors

Signal extraction out of background noise is a common challenge in high-precision physics experiments, where the measurement output is often a continuous data stream. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection, witness sensors are often used to independently measure background noises and subtract them from the main signal. If the noise coupling is linear and stationary, optimal techniques already exist and are routinely implemented in many experiments. However, when the noise coupling is nonstationary, linear techniques often fail or are suboptimal. Inspired by the properties of the background noise in gravitational wave detectors, this work develops a novel algorithm to efficiently characterize and remove nonstationary noise couplings, provided there exist witnesses of the noise source and of the modulation. In this work, the algorithm is described in its most general formulation, and its efficiency is demonstrated with examples from the data of the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave observatory, where we could obtain an improvement of the detector gravitational-wave reach without introducing any bias on the source parameter estimation.
Family Cohesion as a Mediator Variable in the Relationship between Belonging to Homeland and Needs Satisfaction among a Sample of Saudi University Students

membership in social groups represents an important role in human lives as it defines the norms and values that determine which behaviors are, and are not acceptable. One of the groups that conveys many norms and values through its cultural specificity is the family. This study focuses on defining the relationship between Belonging to Homeland and needs satisfaction. The role of family cohesion was included in the study as the potential mediator of this relationship, since family plays an important role in both early socialization and satisfying needs. An invitation to participate was disseminated online using mailing lists and social media sites to young Saudi women. The questionnaires of Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Belonging to Homeland and Social Cohesion Subscale from the FACES III Questionnaire were filled by 212 Saudi Arab female students (Mage = 22.11), Data were analyzed in R. The results revealed that more positive opinion on Saudi Arabia and more participation in its sociopolitical life were related with higher satisfaction of needs, which was partly mediated by family cohesion. Age and marital status were not related to any of the relevant constructs.
Adolescent Internet Gaming Disorder: A Narrative Review

This narrative review is based on a literature search on PsycINFO and PubMed that involved entering the terms adolescent internet gaming for papers published during the last five years. Following exclusion criteria, 72 papers could be classified as internet gaming or internet gaming disorder/addiction studies including research on the prevalence, effects/comorbidities, risk factors and interventions for those problems. The prevalence of both internet gaming and internet gaming disorder has varied by culture. The effects/comorbidities have included hyperactivity, inattentiveness, cyberbullying, depression, anxiety and substance use. The risk factor studies have focused on impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and aggressivity. Altered autonomic and central nervous system function have also been notable including decreased heart rate variability and fMRI data showing less activation of the prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum and amygdala (areas that are involved in modulating impulsivity, reward-seeking and aggression respectively) as well as reduced gray and white matter. Surprisingly, given the prevalence and severity of internet gaming disorder, very little prevention/intervention research appears in this recent literature. Research is also missing on peer relationships/rejection as potential risk factors. Like other literature on adolescent problems, this research is limited by primarily deriving from self–report and parent report and by the absence of longitudinal data that might inform whether the behavioral and brain data being reported are effects of or risk factors for internet gaming addiction.
A short communication nutritional observation study

Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional dysfunction in society and the vital risk determinant for several relevant disorders. The first step of obesity assessment is calculated anthropometric measures and, secondly, measure biological and nutritional profiles. The current purpose is to investigate the relationship between BMI with biochemical profile, Vitamin B12, Fe, and cortisol in the volunteer’s population. There is an appositively connection between body mass index (BMI) with cortisol, liver and kidney profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), Cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and negative relationship between BMI and Vitamin B12, Fe, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the present study. There is a significant elevation of cortisol, lipid profile, FBS, liver, and kidney function with BMI in the current work in females more than males compared to a reference range, and a significant decrease in Fe and vitamin B that can be due to diet habits, BMI, malabsorption in obesity condition, hormones affect or genetic variations between male and female. That will need further investigation.
Hallmarks ofRETandCo-occuringGenomicAlterations in RET-aberrant Cancers

Activating receptor-tyrosine kinase rearranged during transfection (RET)mutations and fusions are potent drivers of oncogenesis. The recent FDA approvals of highly potent and selective RET inhibitors, selpercatinib and pralsetinib, has altered the therapeutic management of RET aberrant tumors. There is ample evidence of the role of RET signaling in certain cancers. RET aberrations as fusions or mutations occur in multiple cancers, however, there is considerable phenotypic diversity. There is emerging data on the lack of responsiveness of immunotherapy in RET-altered cancers. Herein, we review the registrational data from the selective RETinhibitor trials, and comprehensively explore RET alterations in pan-cancer adult malignancies and their co-alterations. These co-occuring alterations may define the future of RET inhibition from specific selective targeting to customized combination therapies as data are rapidly emerging on both on-target and off-target acquired resistance mechanisms. Fascinatingly, oncogenic RET fusions have been reported tomediate resistance to EGFR inhibition and KRAS inhibition.
Socio-Economic Disparities in Under-Five Child Malnutrition in Nigeria

INTRODUCTION: Recent attention over the health, wellbeing and nutritional intake of children below five years of age has grown tremendously. This is mainly because these years are crucial to a child’s survival, growth and development; and if not handled properly could unfavorably affect the well-being status and efficiency of the child in later adult life. The study focused on malnutrition of children under the age of five in relation to their socio-economic status. It was measured by stunting, wasting and underweight. METHODOLOGY: Data from the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS)/General Household Survey (GHS) 2015/2016 Nigeria was used for analysis. Malnutrition was measured using the three anthropometric measures which are expressed in terms of Z-scores namely: Stunting: height-for-age (HAZ), Wasting: weight-for-height (WHZ) and Underweight: weight-for-age (WAZ). The socioeconomic disparities in malnutrition were checked according to gender, place of residence and geo-political zones in Nigeria. While the concentration index and curves were used to check for the magnitude of inequality in malnutrition ascribable to the socio-economic status. RESULTS: The percentage of children stunted was the highest with 37.8 percent, followed by the percentage of children underweight to be 20.25 and children wasted was 9.63 percent. The percentage of stunting, wasting and underweight were considerably greater in male children compare to the female children. Stunting and underweight were responsive to the household socioeconomic status. A higher percentage of children below five years of age who were stunted, wasted and underweight lived in the rural areas of Nigeria compare to the children living in the urban areas. The rate of stunting was highest in the North West with a 52.91 percent, followed by North East with 43 percent, and lowest in the South South with 20.67 percent. The concentration indices analysis revealed that stunting, wasting and underweight all had negative signs signifying concentration among the poor household children. Finally, as one moves up the ladder of the socioeconomic status, a significant fall in the rate of stunting is witnessed. Therefore, increasing the income of the poorest in a society is a sound strategy to curb the high rates of stunting in the socio-economically deprived segments of the country.
Prevalence and Determinants of Unintended Pregnancy among Women Receiving Antenatal Care Services: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Ghana

Globally, unintended pregnancy represents an important public health challenge with significant social, economic and clinical repercussions which are worse in low-income and middle-income countries. Appropriate use of modern contraceptives averts significant proportions of unintended pregnancies and pregnancy complications. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy and explore modern contraceptive use among pregnant women A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Korle-Bu Teaching hospital in Ghana using a face-to-face structured interview. Descriptive analysis was performed and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of unintended pregnancy. Among the included 450 pregnant women receiving antenatal care, 155 (34.4%) had unintended pregnancy out of which 33 (21.3%) were using contraceptives prior to conception. In all, 14.2% (64/450) were using modern contraceptives. There was a significant difference between women and their partners regarding the perception of their index pregnancy as unintended (34.4% versus 31.6%, p-value <0.001). Significant determinants of unintended pregnancy include younger maternal age [aOR:5.706, 95%CI (1.860, 19.732)], unmarried status [aOR:5.238, 95%CI (2.882, 9.735)], previous childbirth [(aOR:2.376, 95%CI (1.460, 4.758], number of pregnancies ≥6 [aOR:2.640, 95%CI (1.210, 5.854)], number pregnancies ≤2 [aOR:0.417, 95%CI (0.252, 0.682)], previous caesarean birth [aOR:2.034, 95%CI (1.154, 3.306)] and contraceptive use prior to index pregnancy [aOR:2.305 95%CI (1.283-4.162)]. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy remains markedly high while prior contraceptive use was relatively low among women receiving antenatal care. Evidence-based interventions including specialized client education are vital in improving optimal use of contraceptive services. We recommend further research including community-based qualitative studies to better understand the factors associated with contraceptive uptake and outcomes of unintended pregnancy.
Is There a Need to Drain Cervical Cysts in Women with Lower Genital Tract Symptoms?

Objectives: To determine whether gynecologists should treat cervical cysts discovered on speculum examination or by ultrasonography. Materials and methods: A prospective Cohort study done at the Woman's Health Center of Assiut University, Egypt as a tertiary care referral facility. It comprised cases with clinical and sonographic diagnosis of cervical cysts. Cervical swabs as well as cysts' aspirates were examined bacteriologically and cytologically. Cyst aspirate of these patients were evaluated for IL8, IL10 and MMP-9. The main outcome measures included bacteriologic, cytologic and immunochemical findings of cervical cysts aspirate. Results: Cervical cysts associated with negative cervical swabs were diagnosed in 75 cases. The mean size of the cervical cyst was 2.18 ± 0.609 cm. It was found that 61.4 % of cysts were cytologically and bacteriologically infected despite negative cervical swabs. Chlamydia Trachomatis, Gardenella Vaginalis, GBS and Mycoplasma hominis were detected in 13.33 %, 24 %,14.67 % and 14.67% of infected cysts respectively. Aspirate of the infected cysts had elevated IL-8 (P= 0.000), and had increased IL-10 (P= 0.000) in comparison with non infected cysts, while increased MMP-9 was higher in patients with persistent vaginal discharge and patients with deep dyspareunia more than the patients with unexplained infertility (P= 0.000). Conclusions: Cervical cysts should not be ignored as a potential cause of common gynecological symptoms especially large sized cysts. Being infected and associated with elevated inflammatory markers in 61.4% in this study would suggest routine prompt management of cervical cysts whenever clinically or sonographically diagnosed.
Bulk synthesis of linear carbon chains confined inside single‐wall carbon nanotubes by vacuum discharge

Carbyne, an infinite carbon chain, has attracted much interest and induced significant controversy for many decades. Recently, the presence of linear carbon chains (LCCs), which were confined stably inside double‐wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), has been reported. In this study, we present a novel method to produce LCCs in a film of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Our transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of a bulk amount of LCCs after electric discharge of CNT films, which were used as field emission cathodes. The LCCs were confined inside single‐wall CNTs as well as DWCNTs. Furthermore, two or three LCCs in parallel with each other are encapsulated when the inner diameter of CNT is larger than approximately 1.1 nm.
Lessons Learned from Decentralised Finance (DeFi)

On a global scale blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology are deployed to transform existing centralised ﬁnancial services. The purported divide between centralised and decentralised ﬁnancial services could lead to the discrimination of either service. In this white paper we analyse the properties of DeFi and provide lessons learned for both centralised as well decentralised ﬁnancial services. Based on our analysis and the lessons learned we conclude that the best of both worlds is achieved if centralised and decentralised ﬁnancial services cooperate.
Asymmetries in aggregate income risk over the business cycle: evidence from administrative data of Argentina

This paper explores the aggregate and systematic income risk of formal workers in Argentina, using an extensive longitudinal database that contains information on approximately half a million formal employees in the private sector throughout the country for a span of twenty years (1996-2015). We estimate quantile regression models to measure the sensitivity of remunerations to business cycle along the conditional and unconditional distribution of salaries, thus capturing the asymmetry of economic activity impacts on workers’ remunerations. The main result is that income risk decreases along the conditional and unconditional distribution of salaries, showing that individuals located at the lower part of the distribution are more exposed to the fortunes of the aggregate economy. One important factor that probably explains this asymmetry is given by the role of the unions. On the other hand, unconditional poor individuals are not only more affected by business cycle fluctuations, but they suffer a stronger fall in wages when activity declines than the increase that their experiment when business cycle is in its expansion phase. We also detect some interesting specificities, since individuals that work in Construction sector face a higher income risk, while workers’ remunerations of large companies are less sensitive to business cycle.
Green portfolios

We develop a rational, long-horizon model in which investments may damage future production/consumption possibilities through their impact on the climate. Within this framework, we show that the optimal investment consists of four funds: i) the risk-free asset; ii) a myopic portfolio; iii) a portfolio that accounts for pollution externalities; iv) a hedging portfolio, which hedges the climate impact of investments. Further, we derive the stocks' equilibrium returns. Here, we find that, given a few simplifying assumptions, stocks that have an adverse (beneficial) impact on the climate will appear to have a positive (negative) alpha relative to the CAPM. The direct effect of the presence of climate risk is a lower willingness to hold risky financial assets that have an adverse effect on the climate. However, there is also an indirect effect: due to a hedging motive, the investor might find it attractive to hold more shares in stocks that pay out well in adverse climate scenarios.
Is Voting Really Habit-Forming and Transformative? Long-Run Effects of Earlier Eligibility on Turnout and Political Involvement from the UK

Habit formation theory and the transformative voting hypothesis both imply that voting has downstream consequences for turnout and political involvement. Although several studies have applied causal research designs to study this question, the long-run evidence is extremely limited, especially for potentially transformative effects. We jointly examine the short- and long-term impact of earlier voting eligibility on subsequent turnout and political involvement using rich panel data from the UK. Exploiting the eligibility cut-off for national elections within a regression discontinuity design, our precise estimates document a short-run increase in voting–for those able to vote earlier–alongside a contemporaneous increase in several measures of political involvement. However, we show that these short-term effects fade away quickly and do not translate into permanent changes in turnout propensity or political involvement. Our results imply that, in a setting with low institutional barriers to vote, the transformative effects of voting are short-lived at most.