of Medical Genetics and Genomics

The study was conducted in A/ Sidery Hospital Al-Jouf province, Saudi Arabia during, the period September 2008 to May 2009. A total of 930 patients attended the Hospital for routine investigations were screened for urinary tract infection. A total of nine hundred and thirty urine specimens were received in the laboratory for culture, 640 specimens showed significant growth from which 100 Staphylococcus aureus species were recovered. Disk diffusion method and BD phoenix TM system antibiotic susceptibility were used, 15 methicillin resistant S. aureus isolates were identified, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify both the S. aureus specific sequence gene and mec A gene with the amplicon size of 107 and 532 bp. All the isolates (n=100) expressed S. aureus specific sequence gene in their PCR products. The results of the PCR revealed 13/15 isolates demonstrating both resistance to methicillin and expression of mec A gene, while the remaining two showed the resistance to methicillin by the disc diffusion method without the expression of mec A gene. All the isolates (n = 100) were sensitive to vancomycin. Lactic acid bacteria are very significant to human health due to the production of some antimicrobial substances and ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the bacteria are also used as starter culture in various food production. In this study, Lactobacillus strains were isolated from 100 human milk colostrum samples and 50 faecal samples of 3 to 30-day old infants who were fed on only breast milk. The isolated Lactobacillus strains were futher identified by API 50 CHL systems as Lactobacillus acidophilus (20.0%), L. acidophilus -3 (10.0%), Lactobacillus brevis (30.0%), Lactobacillus casei (15.0%,) and Lactobacillus plantarum (25.0%) from colostrum, and L. brevis (41.2%), Lactobacillus fermentum (11.8%), Lactobacillus reuteri (5.9%), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (11.8%) and L. plantarum (29.4%) from faeces. In conclusion, the higher isolation rate of Lactobacillus spp. in infantile faecal specimens than in colostrum may indicate based on the sterility of colostrum. Typhoid fever remains a major health problem in India and other developing countries. It often becomes difficult to precisely estimate the global impact of typhoid, as clinical symptoms resemble many other febrile infections. Salmonella, gram negative bacilli, are facultative intra cellular bacteria and can survive during certain stages of host parasite interaction. There are a number of drugs being used for the treatment of typhoid, but increasing occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strain of Salmonella typhi has complicated its management; thus, it has necessitated the search of formulated drugs for its treatments. Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile molecule produced in a biological system, it regulates divers array of physiological function and acts as an inter and extra-cellular messenger in most mammalian organ in host’s defense functions for many bacterial infections. Previous studies have suggested that, exogenous administration of L-arginine results in increased NO production, indicating that endogenous substrate is insufficient for maximal NO production. Taking these facts into consideration, it was thought pertinent to see the effect of oral administration of NO donors that is L-arginine, which is one of the semi essential amino acids used as food supplement. Formulation of NO donors and ciprofloxacin are used in low concentrations to reduce toxicity which shows better therapeutic results against experimentally induced Salmonellosis.