Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intra‐Annual Variation of Eddy Diffusion (k zz ) in the MLT, From SABER and SCIAMACHY Atomic Oxygen Climatologies

Atomic oxygen (O) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) results from a balance between production via photo‐dissociation in the lower thermosphere and chemical loss by recombination in the upper mesosphere. The transport of O downward from the lower thermosphere into the mesosphere is preferentially driven by the eddy diffusion process that results from dissipating gravity waves and instabilities. The motivation here is to probe the intra‐annual variability of the eddy diffusion coefficient (kzz) and eddy velocity in the MLT based on the climatology of the region, initially accomplished by Garcia and Solomon (1985, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD090iD02p03850). In the current study, the intra‐annual cycle was divided into 26 two‐week periods for each of three zones: the northern hemisphere (NH), southern hemisphere (SH), and equatorial (EQ). Both 16 years of SABER (2002–2018) and 10 years of SCIAMACHY (2002–2012) O density measurements, along with NRLMSIS® 2.0 were used for calculation of atomic oxygen eddy diffusion velocities and fluxes. Our prominent findings include a dominant annual oscillation below 87 km in the NH and SH zones, with a factor of 3–4 variation between winter and summer at 83 km, and a dominant semiannual oscillation at all altitudes in the EQ zone. The measured global average kzz at 96 km lacks the intra‐annual variability of upper atmosphere density data deduced by Qian et al. (2009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013643). The very large seasonal (and hemispherical) variations in kzz and O densities are important to separate and isolate in satellite analysis and to incorporate in MLT models.
Comparison of using platelets rich fibrin versus mineralized plasmatic matrix platelets concentrates after surgical extraction of lower third molar.

Abstract Objectives: this current study attempted the evaluation of the effect of using platelets rich fibrin and mineralized plasmatic matrix platelets concentrates after surgical extraction of lower third molar. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 requiring extraction of at least one mandibular non-restorable impacted wisdom tooth. (n=40). The samples were divided into two main groups (20 each) (Group A) extraction of mandibular impacted wisdom tooth and socket was filled using platelets rich fibrin (PRF) and (Group B) extraction of mandibular impacted wisdom tooth with application of mineralized plasmatic matrix (MPM) and platelet-rich fibrin for socket preservation. Participants were evaluated at 1st, 3rd and7th day, 6 months postoperative. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 20.0. (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Results: This study showed At 7th day, MPM group showed a significant higher maximum mouth opening measurement than PRF group. At 6 months, postoperatively MPM group showed a significant higher bone density measurement than PRF group and showed a less percentage of change in density measurement than PRF group. Conclusion: MPM not only enhances the rate of new bone formation, but also increases the quality (density) of the newly formed bone
Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Vegetative Growth, Fruit Set and Quality of Washington Navel Orange Trees

Four doses of nitrogen were used i.e. 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N/feddan annually in the form of ammonium. nitrate and three levels of potassium 100, 150 and 200 kg as potassium sulphate were tested as soil fertilization for I nvestigating their effects on vegetative growth, leaf nutrients content, fruitzet and fruit quality of Washington Navel orange trees. Data indicated that increasing N (100 kg/feddan/yr) and K (200 kg/feddan/yr) fertilization induced the largest increase in all growth parameters i.e. shoot length, shoot thickness, leaf number, leaf area and leaf dry weight in comparison with tested other treatments. Meanwhile, increasing applied nitrogen up to 100 kg / feddan and potassium sulphate up to 200 kg / feddan promoted all studied leaf nutrients. However, all doses of nitrogen and potassium treatments induced the highest increase of fruit and reduced fruit dropping. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments succeeded in maximizing total yield and improving fruit quality.
Demographic, Behavioral, and Clinical Characteristics of the Ambulatory Diabetic Population of the Dominican Republic, 2018

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes has steadily increased in prevalence in the Dominican Republic. Our objectives were to identify the demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of adult male and female ambulatory diabetic patients in the Dominican Republic to better understand diabetes in the Dominican population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of a random sample of ambulatory patients treated at the diabetes clinic at the Instituto Nacional de Diabetes, Endocrinología y Nutrición (INDEN) whose first appointment was in 2018. We abstracted data for demographic, behavioral, and clinical variables and compared them by sex. Results: Of the 500 patients, a slight majority were female. Over 84% of patients had Type 2 diabetes. Female patients had significantly higher rates of several comorbidities, including obesity and hypertension. Male patients were slightly younger than female patients, and had significantly higher rates of several symptoms. In addition, men had significantly higher levels of HbA1c. Over 50% of all patients had a high fasting blood glucose level. The majority of the population reported never exercising. Conclusion: Sex-specific interventions are needed help to minimize the burden of the disease and improve the quality of life for the Dominican population. Programs to address high prevalence risk factors, like obesity and hypertension, and increase early access to medical care could help with prevention and/or management of diabetes, improve the health of the population, and decrease the economic burden of disease on both the population and the healthcare system of the Dominican Republic.
Habilidad del cuidado, sobrecarga percibida y calidad de vida del cuidador de personas en diálisis

Introducción: La Insuficiencia Renal Crónica representa un problema de salud mundial, cuya complejidad y terapias de reemplazo renal generan en la persona deterioro funcional y alteración en la capacidad de cuidado, razón por la cual es importante contar con el apoyo de un cuidador. Objetivo: Describir las características de los cuidadores de las personas en diálisis, y analizar la asociación entre la habilidad del cuidado, la sobrecarga percibida y la calidad vida de estos cuidadores. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, corte transversal. Se utilizaron 4 instrumentos: Ficha de caracterización de la díada, Inventario de Habilidad de Cuidado, Instrumento Calidad de Vida y la Escala de sobrecarga de Zarit. Resultados: Participaron 68 cuidadores, principalmente mujeres (77,94%), con bajo nivel de habilidad de cuidado, afectación negativa en las dimensiones física, social y espiritual de la calidad de vida, la mayoría presentó ausencia de sobrecarga. Se encontró asociación significativa, entre habilidad de valor con la calidad de vida y sobrecarga percibida con las dimensiones física y social (p<0,05). Conclusión: el cuidado a las personas en diálisis fue brindado por mujeres principalmente, es necesario generar estrategias para mejorar la habilidad del cuidado, el cual se ve afectado por el impacto en la calidad de vida y los niveles de sobrecarga experimentados por el cuidador.
Students' Conceptual Understanding In Terms Of Gender Differences

One of the basic skills that students must master to learn mathematics is conceptual understanding. Gender differences have an influence on the disparity level of students' conceptual understanding. This research is qualitative descriptive research that aimed to analyze the students' conceptual understanding in solving set problems in terms of gender differences. The research subjects were 9th-grade students of SMP N 3 Surakarta. The concept understanding ability test was used as a research instrument. The results showed that male students had an excellent conceptual understanding in applying concepts in mathematical calculations and translating images into other forms of interpretation, 2) Female students had a fairly good conceptual understanding in translating images into other forms of interpretation, although female students tend to be weak in determining the right concepts to be used in solving problems and applying concepts in mathematical calculations.
THE ANALYSIS OF E-LEARNING SUCCESS BY USING DELONE AND MCLEAN SUCCESS MODEL (CASE STUDY: PERTAMINA UNIVERSITY)

Education is a crucial thing and highly concerned all over the world. As one of the educational institutions, the university has currently applied many information systems because of several obstacles and problems. With the fast development of information and communication technology, the learning process also has improved, known as e-learning. Pertamina University is a private university located in Jakarta, which has six faculties and 15 study programs. Since its inception in 2016, Pertamina University has applied e-learning to its students. Based on the conceptual models developed by DeLone & McLean, this research aims to examine the success of the implementation of the e-learning system in Pertamina University with six variables, which are information quality, system quality, service quality, use, user satisfaction, and net benefit. The results of the study using 610 samples showed that the information quality variable did not affect the user satisfaction variable, which means that the quality of information on e-learning needed to be improved again to get a better response to user satisfaction.
Isotopic variations of carbon and nitrogen and their implications on the conversion of Cerrado vegetation into pasture

Conversions of natural vegetation into pasture can, in a short time, change the carbon stock and the natural abundance of δ13C in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks, as well as in the natural abundance of δ13C and δ15N of Argissolo Vermelho distrófico (Acrisol), in an area of natural vegetation and planted pasture in the Cerrado region of Aquidauana (MS), Brazil. In order to do this, an area of pasture (PA), cultivated for 25 years with Urochloa brizantha, and an area of natural vegetation (NV) were evaluated. Soil samples were collected at intervals of 0.05 m up to 0.60 m depth, and physical attributes, C and N stocks (CSt and NSt) and isotopic variations of δ13C and δ15N of soil were determined. In the 0–0.05 m layer, the highest C and N stocks occurred in NV, 21.99 and 1.9 Mg ha-1, respectively. In the conversion to PA, 14.62 Mg ha-1 of CSt and 1.36 Mg ha-1 of NSt were lost in the 0–0.05 m layer. The area with PA had greater isotopic enrichment of δ13C in the layers of 0–0.05 and 0.05–0.10 m, with values of -18.3 and -17.4‰, respectively, while in the other layers the isotopic values decreased with the mixture between C of C3 and C4 plants. NV showed enrichment in the isotopic signals, in the layers from 0.25–0.30 m up to 0.40–0.45 m, with values between -21.74 and -21.54‰, respectively, which is characteristic of mixed vegetation of C3 and C4 plants. The values of δ15 N showed isotopic enrichment as depth increased, indicating greater mineralization of soil organic matter in both areas. The conversion of Cerrado into pasture and its consequent fragmentation causes negative impacts on the C and N sequestration and storage capacity, both in pasture and in natural vegetation.
Teaching thinking in South African schools: Selected school leaders’ perceptions

In this article we argue that school leaders should ensure that teachers experience a supportive professional learning community committed to collaborative, thoughtful inquiry and be enabled to create similar communities in their classrooms. This study followed on one published in 2017 that explored school leaders’ responses to an introduction to cognitive education. The same participants investigated cognitive education practices (ways of teaching thinking) in their schools, with an emphasis on the factors that facilitated or constrained implementation. Using a qualitative research approach an open ended research assignment in the form of a report was completed by 32 teachers in school leadership positions. The data was analysed using the guidelines of grounded theory to identify key themes. The findings suggest a possible starting point for leadership initiatives, although cognitive education practices in the participating schools were constrained by a number of structural, contextual and personal factors. Discussion highlights the importance of the development of professional learning communities that focus on cognitive education and identifies a possible leadership direction, namely, building on the progress already made in training teachers to apply Bloom’s taxonomy to assessment tasks. Although our data is from schools in one area of South Africa, our conclusions are likely to have implications for school leadership generally, with particular reference to the development of classroom and professional thinking and learning communities.
Identifying the sources of uncertainty in climate model simulations of solar radiation modification with the G6sulfur and G6solar Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations

Abstract. We present here results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations for the experiments G6sulfur and G6solar for six Earth system models participating in the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Phase 6. The aim of the experiments is to reduce the warming that results from a high-tier emission scenario (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP5-8.5) to that resulting from a medium-tier emission scenario (SSP2-4.5). These simulations aim to analyze the response of climate models to a reduction in incoming surface radiation as a means to reduce global surface temperatures, and they do so either by simulating a stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer or, in a more idealized way, through a uniform reduction in the solar constant in the model. We find that over the final two decades of this century there are considerable inter-model spreads in the needed injection amounts of sulfate (29 ± 9 Tg-SO2/yr between 2081 and 2100), in the latitudinal distribution of the aerosol cloud and in the stratospheric temperature changes resulting from the added aerosol layer. Even in the simpler G6solar experiment, there is a spread in the needed solar dimming to achieve the same global temperature target (1.91 ± 0.44 %). The analyzed models already show significant differences in the response to the increasing CO2 concentrations for global mean temperatures and global mean precipitation (2.05 K ± 0.42 K and 2.28 ± 0.80 %, respectively, for SSP5-8.5 minus SSP2-4.5 averaged over 2081–2100). With aerosol injection, the differences in how the aerosols spread further change some of the underlying uncertainties, such as the global mean precipitation response (−3.79 ± 0.76 % for G6sulfur compared to −2.07 ± 0.40 % for G6solar against SSP2-4.5 between 2081 and 2100). These differences in the behavior of the aerosols also result in a larger uncertainty in the regional surface temperature response among models in the case of the G6sulfur simulations, suggesting the need to devise various, more specific experiments to single out and resolve particular sources of uncertainty. The spread in the modeled response suggests that a degree of caution is necessary when using these results for assessing specific impacts of geoengineering in various aspects of the Earth system. However, all models agree that compared to a scenario with unmitigated warming, stratospheric aerosol geoengineering has the potential to both globally and locally reduce the increase in surface temperatures.
Invasive and Non-Invasive Observation of Occluded Fast Transient Events: Computational Tools

Industrial processes involving thermal plasma such as cutting, welding, laser machining with ultra-short laser pulses (nonequilibrium conditions), high temperature melting using electrical discharge or ion-beams, etc., generate non-repeatable fast transient events which can reveal valuable information about the processes. In such industrial environments containing high temperature and radiation, it is often difficult to install conventional lens-based imaging windows and components to observe such events. In this study, we compare imaging requirements and performances with invasive and non-invasive modes when a fast transient event is occluded by a metal window consisting of numerous holes punched through it. Simulation studies were carried out for metal windows with different types of patterns, reconstructed for both invasive and non-invasive modes and compared. Sparks were generated by rapid electrical discharge behind a metal window consisting of thousands of punched through-holes and the time sequence was recorded using a high-speed camera. The time sequence was reconstructed with and without the spatio-spectral point spread functions and compared. Commented MATLAB codes are provided for both invasive and non-invasive modes of reconstruction.
Causes and consequences of family dissolution in Europe and post-divorce families

This chapter looks at the uncoupling of relationships, both married and cohabiting. Relationship dissolution, and specifically divorce, is a phenomenon that has attracted the attention of social scientists since the 1970s. However, the perception that the rate of union dissolution has increased dramatically over the last half-century is only partly true. The divorce rate has indeed increased, leading some scholars to declare the end of a period in which Western societies were governed by the motto that ‘what God has joined together, let no one separate’, or the assumption that marriage will last ‘till death do us part’. But it is important to keep in mind that divorce has existed throughout human history, and is much older than the current Western tradition of marrying and divorcing. For example, the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi (1772 BCE) already contained legal regulations governing marriage and divorce (Trevino 2013). Nonetheless, the research we discuss in this chapter captures a previously unobserved decoupling trend. In recent decades, relationships have become less stable, and, as we will discuss, are increasingly intertwined with social inequality. We start this chapter by defining the central concepts of divorce and separation. We then outline the general trends in divorce in the industrialised world. Next, we explore the risk factors for divorce, and discuss some of the consequences a break-up is likely to have for the ex-partners and their children. While we employ a European perspective, we cannot ignore the large amount of empirical evidence on this topic from the United States (US). Where possible, we introduce the reader to comparative studies that place the divorce phenomenon in an international perspective.
Understanding Factors That Influence Consumer Intention to Use Mobile Money Services: An Application of UTAUT2 With Perceived Risk and Trust

Mobile money is an attractive alternative that has boomed in recent times due to the advancement in mobile and telecommunication technology. Although there are copious benefits of such a great mobile technology, the adoption rate is far from expectations. This study examines the factors that predict users’ behavioral intention (BI) to adopt and use mobile money. The study adopts the unified theory of acceptance and usage of technology as a reference and builds an extended model by taking into account “perceived risk” and “trust. ” Data collected from 373 mobile money users in Ghana via a questionnaire survey were analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach. The findings reveal that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, habit, price value, perceived risk, and trust substantially affect users’ BI. However, facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation showed no pertinent effect on users’ BI. Implications for both theory and practice are also discussed.
Natural history of the relict marsupial Monito del Monte at the most extreme altitudinal and latitudinal location

Until a few years the “ monito del monte ” ( Dromiciops gliroides ) the sole surviving species of Microbiotheria, the sister group of Australidelphia (Australian marsupials). However, the recent identi ﬁ cation of a new species relegated to the northern range ( Dromiciops bozinovici ) and newly discovered populations of Dromiciops beyond the known limits for the geographic range demands for new studies in extreme locations. In this report, we describe the northernmost population of D . bozinovici at a high Andean location (Reserva Nacional Altos de Lircay [RNAL], which represents a record of Dromiciops distribution both in latitude [35 ° S] and in altitude [1696 m a.s.l.]). We live-trapped individuals, performed behavioral observations, and extracted mtDNA (Cytb) for analyzing phylogenetic af ﬁ nities. Together with con ﬁ rming the phylogenetic position of RNAL within the D . bozinovici clade, interesting aspects of this isolated population arose, such as the sympatry with a didelphid marsupial ( Thylamys elegans ), and phylogenetic closeness with populations 300 km southward coastal. Our trapping effort yielded approximately 9.3 individuals/ha, which is relatively high compared with other small mammal populations, but typical for Dromiciops . Using in situ thermographic imaging during a night transect, we detected free-ranging animals running vertically at ~ 3.6 km/h through the logs of mature trees ( Nothofagus pumilio ), which is fast compared with other small runners (e.g., cursorial rodents), and also compared with Dromiciops from other locations. We compared the critical time to escape, of RNAL individuals which resulted signi ﬁ cantly higher than Dromiciops from Nahuelbuta and Valdivia, suggesting that animals from RNAL are more toler-ant to human presence than other populations, which is probably due to the high level of isolation of this population. According to the IUCN the northernmost distribution of Dromiciops reaches Cauquenes, thus the 120 the North East. at freezing temperatures and the existence of a viable D . bozinovici population northward of RNAL, warrant further research on this interesting location.
Determining factors of earnings management based on accrual model

The research objective is to find empirical evidence of the factors influencing accruals earnings management in Jakarta Islamic Index Listed Companies which include company size, leverage, company age, profitability, and board directors. The population of the research is Jakarta Islamic Index Listed Companies. 13 samples were taken from these companies using the purposive sampling method and based upon the sample criteria. 71 observations were conducted on the 13 companies to obtain primary data of the research, while secondary data were collected through documentation of financial statement from Indonesia Stock Exchange. To test the research hypotheses, multiple regressions was used. The result of this research proved that company age and profitability have influence on accrual earnings management in Jakarta Islamic Index Listed Companies. On the other hand, company size, leverage, and board directors have no influence on accruals earnings management in Jakarta Islamic Index Listed Companies.