Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Macro- and Micronutrients and Nitrogen Demand-supply Relationship of ‘Gala’/‘Malling 26’ Apple Trees Grown in Sand Culture

Six-year-old 'Gala'/'Malling26' ('M.26') apple (Malus ·domestica Borkh.) trees grown in sand culture were provided with a total of 30 g of N per tree as enriched 15 N-NH4NO3 in Hoagland's solution via fertigation to determine the magnitude and seasonal patterns of accumulation of macro- and micronutrients and the demand- supply relationship of N. Crop load was adjusted to 8.2 fruit/cm 2 trunk cross-sectional area, at king fruit diameter of 10 mm by hand-thinning. At each of seven key developmental stages throughout one annual growth cycle, four trees were excavated and destructively sampled for complete nutrient analysis. Nutrient concentrations in leaves and fruit fell within the recommended optimal range, and the fruit yield was 18.8 kg/tree (equivalent to 52.45 tha -1 ) with an average fruit weight of 181 g. The net accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S from budbreak to fruit harvest was 19.8, 3.3, 36.0, 14.2, 4.4, and 1.6 g/tree, respectively, and that for B, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe was 93.6, 60.9, 46.5, 184.8, and 148.7 mg/tree, respectively. Nutrient accumulation by new growth (fruit plus shoots and leaves) accounted for over 90% of the net gain for N, P, K, Mg, S, and B in the whole tree and a large proportion of the net gain for Ca, Zn, Mn, and Fe (from 58.1% for Zn to 87.2% of Fe) from budbreak to fruit harvest. Differential nutrient accumulation patterns were found in shoots and leaves and fruit. The most rapid accumulation of all nutrients in shoots and leaves took place during active shoot growth from bloom to the end of shoot growth. The accumulation pattern of most nutrients corresponded well with the accumulation of dry matter, with continued accumulation observed only in total Ca and Mn in shoots and leaves after the end of shoot growth. Nutrient accumulation in fruit largely followed its dry matter accumulation, and a large proportion of the nutrient accumulation (from 58.1% for Zn to 77.4% of K) occurred from the end of shoot growth to fruit harvest. At harvest, fruit contained more P, K, B, and Fe, whereas shoots and leaves had more N, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, and Mn. Most of the N demand by new growth at bloom was provided by tree reserve N. Remobilization of N from perennial parts of the tree was found to support rapid fruit expansion from the end of shoot growth to fruit harvest. The most rapid uptake from current season's N supply occurred from bloom to the end of shoot growth, corresponding to the highest tree N demand. At harvest, 62.4% of the total N in new growth was in shoots and leaves, with the balance in fruit. Reserve N and current season's N uptake each contributed about 50% to the total N in the whole tree at harvest.
Effects of crossing distance on performance of the native wildflower Lobelia siphilitica: Implications for ecological restoration1

Abstract Outbreeding depression, a decline in offspring fitness resulting from mating between distantly related individuals, can jeopardize the success of habitat restoration projects. Concern about outbreeding depression has led to the recommendation that restoration projects use seed collected from geographically proximate populations. However, this recommendation assumes that (1) geographically proximate populations are more ecologically similar than distant populations, and (2) offspring of crosses between individuals from ecologically similar populations have higher fitness than offspring of crosses between ecologically dissimilar populations. We tested these assumptions in Lobelia siphilitica, a species commonly used in ecological restoration. We grew F1 offspring of within- and between-population crosses in the greenhouse and measured four components of performance: seeds per fruit, seed size, germination success, and final aboveground biomass. We found mixed support for the recommendation that restoration projects use seed collected from geographically proximate populations because of concerns about outbreeding depression. Geographically proximate L. siphilitica populations had more similar annual mean temperatures than distant populations, as expected if geographically proximate populations are more ecologically similar. However, there was no relationship between geographic distance and the difference in annual precipitation. We also found that crosses with climatically dissimilar populations decreased the performance of L. siphilitica, as expected if there is outbreeding depression. However, we detected outbreeding depression in only a subset of populations. Consequently, our results support the recommendation that factors other than geographic distance, particularly climatic distance, need to be considered when selecting seed sources for ecological restoration projects.
BIOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE GREY DOGSHARK, RHIZOPRIONODON (RHIZOPRIONODON) ACUTUS (RUPPELL), IN MADRAS WATERS

The morphometric ratios of 13 characters of a sample of 105 specimens ranging in size from 144 mm to 826 mm established the identity of the species, Rhizopiionodon (Rhizoprionodon) acutus (Ruppell), supporting the shark fisheries at Madras. The Bertalanffy's growth parameters were: 1 ! « = 1.78 yrs; K =" 0.2; and L„ 100 cm. R. (R.) acutus attains sizes of 417.3, 522.9, 609.4, 680.2, 738.2, 785.6, 824.5, 856.3, 882.3 and 903.7 mm respectively at ages of 1 to 10 years. The regression equations of length on weight between females and males were not significantly different. Although the overall sex ratio was 1 : 1.34, females were predominant up to the size group of 60-70 cm and during the months of February, March and April
Does Status Inconsistency Matter for Marital Quality?

This study tests status inconsistency theory by examining the associations between wives' and husbands' relative statuses—that is, earnings, work-time, occupational, and educational inconsistencies—and marital quality and global happiness. The author asks three questions: (a) Is status inconsistency associated with marital quality and overall happiness? (b) Do those who hold traditional or egalitarian gender ideologies react differently to status inconsistency? (c) Are these patterns replicable across three data sets, gathered at different points in time? Data are from the Marital Instability Over the Life Course Survey (1980), the National Survey of Families and Households (1987-1988), and the General Social Survey (1996). With only one exception, status inconsistency is not associated with marital quality or global happiness, even among those who hold the most traditional gender ideologies.
Effect of lupins and wheat on the yield of subsequent wheat crops grown at several rates of applied nitrogen

The responses of wheat to various rates of application of nitrogen fertiliser were compared following lupins (WL) or wheat (WW) in the previous year. Results covered 10 sites and trials were carried out between 1979 and 1984. giving 26 site-year comparisons. The trials were on sandy or duplex (sand over clay) soils. The overall yield of WL was greater than WW on 21 occasions (significant in 10 cases, P < 0.05), less than WW on 2 occasions (both significantly) and there was no difference on 3 occasions. When no nitrogen was applied the advantage of WL was 41% (WL 1.20 t/ha and WW 0.85 t/ha). The response to nitrogen differed between trials; over all trials a quadratic model best described the responses. There were significant interactions between rotation and nitrogen rate in 10 comparisons. In 4 of these cases, response to nitrogen with WW was greater than with WL and these response curves approached I another but did not meet, indicating that both residual nitrogen from the lupins and some other benefit from the lupins were involved. In 5 cases the greater response on WW resulted in convergence with the WL response curve, suggesting that residual nitrogen explained all of the benefit of lupins. In these cases the amount ofnitrogen fertiliser required to bring the yield of WW to that of the WL without nitrogen ranged from 20 to 47 kg N/ha, with a mean of 37 kg N/ha. Parallel response curves were observed In 12 cases, indicating involvement of factors other than residual nitrogen in the response to lupins, e.g. disease cleaning effects or slow release of nitrogen throughout the season. The type of response could not be related to particular site characteristics. When quadratic coefficients were averaged to give 'average response curves', similar rates of applied nitrogen were required for maximum yields in both WW and WL, and the maximum yields were 1.23 t/ha for WW and 1.41 t/ha for WL. The average advantage of WL over WW, in the absence of nitrogen fertiliser. was 350 kg/ha.
Status of remote hybrids in the Poaceae: problems and prospects

Wide hybridization as a tool of classical breeding is a method which is successfully applied in the development of breeding programs in cultural plants. Its application is a particularly effective means to overcome the effects of biotic and abiotic stress in cultural species in Poaceae. Through wide hybridization genes for resistance to phytopathogens, insect pests, tolerance to the toxicity of aluminum, copper, cadmium are successfully transferred. The method has also high efficiency in breeding with regard to cold resistance, drought tolerance, lodging, plant height. This was achieved thanks to the phylogenetic proximity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) with wild species as representatives of Aegilops, Haynaldia, Agropyron, Elytrigia, Elymus, Leymus. Wide hybridization is useful in order to obtain haploid plants resulting in valuable homozygous lines. The utilization of crosses as Triticum x Zea, Triticum x Imperata, Triticum x Pennisetum allows rapid elimination of the paternal chromosomes in the meiotic division. The method of wide hybridization was successfully used to combine the genomes of valuable cultivars. Thus amphidiploid cultural species as Triticale (Triticum x Secale) and Tritordeum (Triticum x Hordeum) are successfully obtained. However, wide hybridization is related to the problems of heredity. The low percentage of crossability due to incompatibility of the stigmas of maternal plants and pollen of the paternal plants set the large number of crosses that should be handled. In many crosses there are different types of genomic incompatibility - preembryonic (receiving reduced seedset), embryonic (low percentage of germination of the seeds) postembryonic (high degree of sterility of the obtained hybrids). Low viability and the hybrid necrosis is also an essential disadvantage of wide hybrids. Using techniques such as colchicine treatment, anther culture and embryo culture are means to overcome difficulties in wide hybridization and make it a promising method of breeding in the Poaceae.
Disability in adult patients with chronic low back pain in a north central Nigerian hospital

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common health problem that is often associated with physical disability and reduced quality of life. Functional disability is the inability to perform age-approximate physical, mental and social activities of daily living. It is, therefore, pertinent to determine the prevalence of disability in patients with CLBP as this will help clinicians to look out for risk factors associated with disability and thus facilitate management decisions. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and level of disability in patients with CLBP. Patients and Methods: Patients with CLBP observed at the orthopaedic clinic of Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi from June 2016 to February 2017 were recruited for this study. A designed questionnaire was used to collect data. Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire was used to assess the level of disability. Results: A total of 126 patients with CLBP were evaluated, consisting of 45 males (35.7%) and 81 females (64.3%) with a male:female ratio of 1:1.8. The prevalence of disability in patients with CLBP in this study was 78.6%. 66 (52.4%) of patients had a moderate disability, 32 (25.4%) of patients had a severe disability, 27 (21.4%) of patients had mild or no disability and only one patient (0.8%) was crippled. There was a significant association between the age and level of disability (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Disability in patients with chronic back pain is a common health problem in our environment. Determination of disability prevalence will create more awareness for the need to assess risk factors and evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment options.
Interparental Conflict, Parent-Child Conflict, and Youth Problem Behaviors

This study examined direct and indirect associations between overt and covert interparental conflict (IPC), parent–child conflict, and their links to youth problem behaviors. Data were collected from a sample of 641 schoolage youth, ages 12 to 18 years, using a school-based survey. Analyses yielded direct positive linkages from overt IPC to antisocial behavior and from covert IPC to depression and antisocial behavior. When parent–child conflict was added to the model, significant direct associations were again observed between covert conflict and depression, with significant indirect effects through increased parent–child conflict. Likewise, significant direct associations were observed between overt conflict and antisocial behavior, with significant indirect effects through increased parent–child conflict. Although there was little variance in the findings when contextualized, youth ratings of religiosity were moderately and negatively associated with antisocial behavior. These findings document distinct pathways in the spillover of IPC to parent–child relations and youth well-being.
Terrible Triad Injury or Complicated Triad Injury of Elbow: A Systematic Review

Objectives: To summarize the changes of outcomes and complications of terrible triad injury (TTI) in patients who were treated by current surgical strategies. Our hypothesis was that with the application of current surgical protocols, clinical results were improved and complications reducing. However, risks still persisted and new challenges came to affect the prognosis. Methods: We performed a systemic review of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Web of Science and Cochrane Library to identify all relevant studies. Studies of TTI patients treated based on current surgical protocols after 2004 were included. Outcomes evaluated were functional scores, the range of motion and complications. Results: Eleven studies with 166 patients were included. With a mean follow-up of 14.8 to 41 months, average flexion arc was ranged from 99° to 127° with average forearm rotation of 80° to 156°. Mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 78 to 96. Mean Broberg- Morrey Score was 76 to 90. The most frequent complications were heterotopic ossification (0 to 31%) and posttraumatic osteoarthritis (0 to 38%), followed by nerve symptoms, dislocation or subluxation and stiffness. Conclusions: Functional outcome after surgery for TTI indicates that current surgical protocols made TTI less terrible as it used to be. However, challenges still persisted and remained it a troublesome injury to treat. Clinicians should pay more attention to surgery unrelated factors and prosthesis-related complications to improve the outcomes.
Apex and ear development in relation to the number of grains on the main-stem ears in spring barley (Hordeum distichon)

SUMMARY Apex and ear development in nine spring barley genotypes were studied at two sites in southern Spain in 1988. The genotypes were grouped into medium and early types, depending on the time from sowing to anthesis. Medium genotypes had significantly more spikelet primordia than early ones at both sites. Spikelet mortality was similar between genotypes and sites, resulting in a higher final number of grains/ear in the medium than the early genotypes. There was a positive correlation between the maximum number of spikelet primordia and the duration of three stages of apical development: lemma-, stamen- and awn-primordia. Negative correlations were observed between spikelet mortality and the duration of certain developmental phases of the ear.
Impact of Concomitant Use of Beta blocker, Statin, Aspirin, and Metformin on Central Hemodynamics and Arterial Stiffness in Hypertension

Objective: To assess the impact of concomitant use of aspirin, BB (metoprolol), statin (atorvastatin), and metformin on central haemodynamics and arterial stiffness parameters in treated hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: We did a cross-sectional study on 476 treated hypertensives. Oscillometric PWA was accomplished by Mobil-o-Graph (IEM, Germany) and groups were stratified using low-dose aspirin, statin, BB, or metformin. Parameters studied were brachial hemodynamics (BP, heart rate, and rate pressure product), arterial stiffness (augmentation pressure, augmentation index, pulse wave velocity, total arterial stiffness, and pulse pressure amplification), and central hemodynamics (central BP, cardiac output, and stroke work). Results: All pairs were matched by or comparable for major confounding factors except concomitant use of drugs. The use of BB, aspirin, and statin had favorable effect on brachial and central hemodynamics. Metformin use had effect more on central than brachial hemodynamics. BB and metformin had negative, statin had indifferent, and aspirin had positive effect on arterial stiffness. Only few of these differences had statistical significance. Frequency of central pulse pressure ≥40 was insignificantly affected by drugs studied. Conclusions: Concomitant aspirin, BB, and metformin in hypertensives have favorable effects on hemodynamics, brachial more than central. Arterial stiffness has positive impact of metformin and negative impact of BB use. These effects must be considered in studies focusing hypertensive therapies. It remains inconclusive whether these results are due to drugs or their indication.
Tropical Crop-Livestock systems in Conservation Agriculture. The Brazilian Experience. Integrated Crop Management. Vol.5, 2007 . By J. N. Landers. Rome: FAO (2007), pp. 92, US$22.00. ISBN 978-92-5-105692-9.

are written by contributors from around the world (North and South America, Europe and Australia), the emphasis is on Europe. The organic farming movement progressed slowly from its early pioneers of green environmentalists and social reformers. By the 1980s, the market was still less than 0.1%. However, a series of food scares, changes in lifestyles and a greater disposable income initiated a demand for ‘healthy’ food. Suddenly, organic farming was seen by both growers and retailers as a lucrative market, with consumers willing to pay a premium. Expansion of demand brought problems of availability and sustainability of supply. The chapter Development of Standards highlights the bureaucracy of intervention by governments (a plethora of committees, standards, directives and acronyms) to establish systems to satisfy that demand. The attitude of the agricultural establishment moved from initial rejection, to tolerance and finally integration into the mainstream. Many of the practises encouraged by the early organic growers are actively pursued today – municipal waste recycling, the use of green manures, integrated pest management, minimum tillage and fair trade. The book is a good informative overview of the development of organic farming, including detailed histories of the International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements (IFOAM), the Soil Association and the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL).
Phylogenetic analysis of Hemileia vastatrix and related taxa using a genome-scale approach

For more than a century, Coffee Leaf Rust caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix, has increasingly stood out as one of the major factors hampering Arabica coffee production. Since its first historical outburst in the 19th century in Sri Lanka, this disease has rapidly spread worldwide and currently occurs in nearly all the regions of the world where coffee is grown. Despite its widespread distribution and negative economic impact, little is known about its evolutionary origin and phylogenetic placement in the fungal tree of life. Attaining this knowledge, however, would provide fundamental insights on the evolutionary context in which H. vastatrix emerged, which in turn could have important implications to understand the evolution of pathogenicity in this pathogen and in other rusts as well. With this in mind, we are undertaking a genomescale approach that will allow H. vastatrix and other rust fungi to be placed in the fungal tree of life with unprecedented detail by using complete proteomes of five Pucciniomycotina species, approximately 250 000 publicly available EST sequences from several Pucciniomycotina species and H. vastatrix’s recently obtained transcriptome. A high quality matrix that includes orthologs, co-orthologs and recent paralogs is currently being prepared with a sophisticated orthology detection strategy. On a first approach, we have been able to indentify at least 1040 single-copy orthologs that will be used for the phylogenetic analyses. Providing robust and resolved phylogenetic relationships will lay the ground for the identification of genes or gene families that are exclusive to H. vastatrix as well as genes of rapid evolution and/or subject of positive selection, which would be prime targets for functional studies aiming at disease control and prevention. This information will ultimately contribute significantly to advance our knowledge on H. vastatrix’s pathogenicity.
A proteomic approach to pesticide stress management in microalgae

Pesticides are one of the major sources of water pollution.Some pesticides are persistent organic pollutants and contribute to soil contamination. Microalgae are primary producers of ecosystem which are rich source of compounds having industrial values. Proteomic studies have highlighted the various mechanisms adapted by the microalgae in combating the pesticide stress. This review highlights the proteomics approach using Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF for analysing the protein profile of microalgae.
Oxalic acid pretreatment, fungal enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of maize residues to ethanol

Dilute oxalic acid pretreatment was investigated as a feasible method for conversion of maize residues into sugars and subsequent production of bioethanol. Oxalic acid concentration of 200 mM for samples treated at 160°C for 10 min was found to be the best pretreatment conditions. Cellulases, mainly cellobiohydrolases from Trichoderma reesei , recorded activities of up to 116 U/ml during saccharification of the cellulosic substrates. The optimum saccharification conditions using 0.2% (v/v) enzyme concentrate were the incubation temperature of 45°C for 48 h. Up to 46% (w/w) glucose and 28% (w/w) xylose were obtained from the pretreated maize residues (stalk, leaf, husk and cobs). Furthermore, a native Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain KB) was able to convert 78% (w/w) of glucose (and other fermentable sugars) to ethanol after 60 h of incubation at 32°C, under stationary culture conditions. The challenges encountered in chemical and biological conversions included incomplete hydrolysis and fermentation due to substrate recalcitrance and the inability of the yeast cells to utilize 5-carbon sugars such as xylose. This study therefore provided baseline research data and information that could be used for more elaborate and scaled-up studies for possible industrial-scale conversion of the readily available crop residues into bioenergy. Key words : Bioethanol, cellulases, fermentation, hydrolysates, maize residues, oxalic acid, pretreatment, saccharification.