Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MILK-BORNE BIOACTIVE FACTORS: EFFECTS ON NEONATAL PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES

Milk-borne factors delivered to nursing offspring via a lactocrine mechanism affect development of somatic tissues, including the uterus. Gene expression events associated with porcine endometrial maturation between birth (postnatal day = PND 0) and PND 2 can determine and may define the uterine developmental program. Lactocrine-sensitive elements of the neonatal porcine uterine transcriptome have not been defined during this period. Therefore, the objective here was to determine effects of imposition of the lactocrine-null condition for 48 h from birth on the porcine uterine transcriptome at PND 2 using RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Gilts (n = 4/group) were assigned at birth to be: (1) nursed ad libitum, or (2) gavage-fed (30 ml/kg BW/2h) commercial porcine milk-replacer for 48 h. Uteri were obtained at 50 h. Total uterine RNA was extracted and both concentration and integrity were determined. For each uterus, 500 ng of RNA was used for cDNA library preparation. Libraries were sequenced (paired end) at > 90 million reads per sample. After demultiplexing, raw reads were mapped to the latest pig Sscrofa10.2 build using Avadis NGS software. Validation compared RNAseq results to those obtained for targeted genes using quantitative RT-PCR. Gene enrichment and functional analyses were conducted. On PND 2, 896 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.05, corrected for false discovery rate) in nursed as compared to milk replacer-fed gilts. Gene enrichment and functional analyses revealed alterations in multiple biological processes and pathways including estrogen receptor-alpha and hedgehog signaling pathways, and the plasminogen activating network. Results can be used to refine and focus hypotheses related to identification of cellular, molecular, and lactocrine mechanisms regulating neonatal uterine and endometrial development.
Ontogeny of Upper Cretaceous (Turonian-Santonian) scaphitid ammonites from the Western Interior of North America : systematics, developmental patterns, and life history. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 185, article 2

119 Introduction . 119 Acknowledgments . 123 Embryonic Development . 123 Basic Terminology . 123 External Appearance of the Ammonitella . 123 Structure of the Outer Wall of the Ammonitella . 124 Proseptum and Second Septum . 126 Caecum and Prosiphon . 132 Shape and Dimensions of the Protoconch . 135 Size and Shape of the Ammonitella . 140 Correlations Between the Protoconch and Ammonitella . 143 Mode of Early Development . 147 Number of Septa at Hatching . 156 Mode of Life at Hatching . 159 Early Postembryonic Growth . 162 Methodology (Application of the Logarithmic Spiral and Allometry) . 162 Whorl Width . 169 Whorl Height . 171 Whorl Cross-sectional Area . 172 Umbilical Diameter . 173 Constant of Spiral Expansion . 174 Ornamentation . 182 Structure of the Outer Wall . 183 Angular Length of the Juvenile Body Chamber . 183 Siphuncle . 184 Septal Spacing . 188 Periodicity of Septal Secretion and Spacing . 191 Interpretation of Morphometric Changes . 195 Maturity . 198 Diameter of the Mature Phragmocone . 198 Number of Whorls in the Mature Phragmocone . 199 Correlation Between Phragmocone Size and Whorl Number . 199 Number of Septa in the Adult Phragmocone and Age at Maturity . 208 Mature Body Chamber. 211 Microstructure, Ornament, and Attachment Scars at Maturity . 214 Sexual Dimorphism . 216 Mode of Life at Maturity . 217 Micromorphs . 219 Conclusions . 223 Systematic Descriptions . 225 Appendix I: Fossil Localities . 230 Appendix II: List of Scaphite Species Studied by Locality . 234 Literature Cited . 234
Growth and modulus of elasticity of selected pine species and hybrids three years after planting in South Africa

Growth data and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 11 different pine species and hybrids were examined at six sites in three different regions in South Africa. Tests were measured approximately three years after planting. Growth traits and three different MOE variables were assessed in order to see if there were pine species more suitable than the current commercial species. Average survival across sites was 61.8 % and varied from 26.4 % to 87.8 %. Most sites exhibited significant species differences for growth traits. There were significant interaction effects for species within the regions for growth traits. There were significant species differences for all three MOE variables at all of the four sites that were included in the analysis of wood properties. When combining the four sites that were used for the wood property analyses, there were significant species differences for the three different MOE variables. Across all four sites where wood properties were analyzed the MOE variable ranged from 3.03 to 6.40 GPa. Based on the results from this study, despite the high mortality rates that were experienced on many sites, there are alternative pine species that are showing comparable growth rates to the current commercial species. For approximating MOE, it is concluded that assuming a constant green density does not affect the species ranking but if the aim is to find the “true” MOE, sampling in the field is needed.
Comparison of chemosensory activation of antennular grooming behaviour in five species of decapods

Many, if not all, decapod crustaceans engage in antennular grooming behaviour (AGB). It consists of two repetitive components: antennule wiping followed by autogrooming of the third maxillipeds. We have shown previously that, in Panulirus argus, AGB can be strongly induced only by a chemical found in prey extracts, L-glutamate (Glu). In contrast many chemicals induce other behaviours in crustaceans, such as foraging. We have examined whether other decapods, including the lobsters P. guttatus, P. interruptus, and Homarus americanus and the brachyuran Callinectes sapidus, exhibit chemically mediated AGB. Individuals were tested with 14 putative chemical stimuli found in prey extracts and with artificial seawater as a control stimulus, and the number of wipes in 2 min was recorded. Only Glu (0.5 mmol) elicited significant AGB in the three lobster species. In contrast C. sapidus exhibited no significant responses to chemical stimuli presented at 0.5 or 5 mmol, although it was frequently observed to wipe its antennules. We propose that chemosensory activation of AGB by Glu may be the typical behaviour for most lobsters but have been lost in the crabs.
Efecto del ácido indolbutírico y tipo de estaquilla en el enraizamiento de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.)

Effect of 4 doses of Indole butyric acid and types of cutting on the rooting of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.). Plukenetia volubilis, known as sacha inchi (Inca’s peanuts) is a climbing, perennial plant native to the Peruvian Amazon. Its seeds are rich in protein and high quality oil, important in human nutrition and applications in health, cosmetics and medicine. The lack of reliable methods for clonal propagation has limited the establishment of plantations and its use at industrial level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four doses of indole butyric acid (0.00; 0.10; 0.15 and 0.20%) and three types of cutting (basal, middle and apical) on the rooting of juvenile cuttings of sacha inchi using non-mist propagators. The trial was conducted in the nursery of the Peruvian Amazonian Research Institute (IIAP) in San Martin, Peru, using a completely randomized design (DCA) with 4 x 3 factorial arrangement with 3 replications and 9 cuttings per experimental unit. After 30 days, intermediate and basal cuttings rooting showed higher rooting (78.70 and 77.78%), root number (19.21 and 15.75)
Synchronization of Oestrus and the Possibilities of Improving Reproductive Performance by using Progestagen and Different Doses of PMSG in Kıvırcık Ewes

This study was carried out in K›v›rc›k ewes to increase reproductive performance and synchronize oestrus by using progestagen pessaries (40 mg FGA) and different doses of PMSG (0, 500 and 700 IU) during the breeding season. Free mating occurred in the herd and 76% of all births were completed in the first week. Fertility, single birth rates, fecundity and prolificacy in the three different groups were found to be 94.87%, 96.66% and 100.00%; 78.38%, 55.18% and 38.46% (P<0.05 and P<0.01); 21.62%, 44.82% and 61.54% (P<0.05 and P<0.01); 115.38%, 153.33% and 196.15% (P<0.01) and 121.62%, 158.62% and 196.15% (P<0.01), respectively. Progestagen and PMSG treatment synchronized oestrus effectively and increased fertility and prolificacy significantly in K›v›rc›k ewes.
Metabólitos secundários vegetais e benefícios antioxidantes

Known to mankind since primitive man, the plants are used for food and to cure diseases. It is evident that a diet with essential nutrients and bioactive substances plays an important role on preventing and curing chronic diseases. Free radicals production occurs in the body, such as a physiological process. Substantial evidences had shown that free radicals and other oxidants are responsible for aging, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and degenerative diseases as cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, cataracts, immunologic decline and brain dysfunctions. Antioxidants protect the body, being able to intercept free radicals from cellular metabolism or exogenous sources, avoiding cellular integrity losses and injuries. Fresh vegetables contain numerous phytochemicals, plant metabolites, especially phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and tocopherols. These compounds have significant antioxidant activity, and are associated with lower incidence and mortality from chronic diseases, especially cancer, in humans. Key-words: antioxidants, free radicals, secondary metabolites
Conidiomatal ultrastructure and cultural characteristics of root-inhabiting species of Cryptosporiopsis

The conidiomatal differences among six root-inhabiting Cryptosporiopsis species were studied at an ultrastructral level and a dichotomous key was then provided. Cryptosporiopsis brunnea is delimited by its conidiomata having a distinct sterile excipular covering tissue without adhesive amorphous material and smooth to pitted macroconidia. Cryptosporiopsis radicicola produces only excipular covering conidioma-like tissue with adhesive amorphous material and setae. Synnematous conidiomata with abundant macroconidia dominate the colony of C. ericae. Cryptosporiopsis rhizophila is different in its globose to subglobose conidiomata, consisting of loosely aggregated vegetative hyphae developing macroconidial conidiophores. Cryptosporiopsis grisea, being the only teleomorph-connected species, differs from the others in its distinct columnar surface structures composed of entangling hyphae and rising well above the aerial mycelium, and unique platform-like hymenium consisting of tightly packed hyphal stroma interspersed with macroconidial conidiophores and localized microconidia conidiophores. Cryptosporiopsis melanigena is distinguished by the production of abundant chlamydospores that secede schizolytically.
Preliminary studies for development of an immunochromatographic test (ICT) for detection of antibody against salivarian trypanosomes by using recombinant ribosomal P0 protein

The aim of the present study was to develop an immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the diagnosis of African trypanosomosis by using recombinant ribosomal P0 protein. The P0 C-terminal domain is highly antigenic and considered to be a major target of the antibody response in infected animals. Entire gene encoding the P0 protein was cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli as a histidine-tagged recombinant protein (rP0). The rP0 was further purified by using nickel affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions. The rP0 was employed as a capture antigen in order to detect anti-P0 antibody in infected animal sera. Antigen-antibody reaction was detected by either colloidal-gold conjugated protein A or G. The results showed that colloidal gold-conjugated protein A and G were suitable for buffalo and cattle serum samples respectively. The rP0-ICT can detect specific antibody in 12,800-fold dilution serum. All sera from cattle or mouse infected with other protozoan parasites, such as Toxoplasma and Babesia, showed negative results. Field samples (150 serum samples from Uganda) were examined by rP0-ICT and rP0-ELISA showed that the positive rate is 48% (72/150) and 50% (75/150), respectively. The high agreement indicated that the rP0-ICT is reliable. This suggests that the rP0-based ICT can be used as a rapid on-site diagnostic method of salivarian trypanosomosis.
Factors affecting replication and cross-species transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus

In order to successfully invade a new species, lentiviruses must overcome restriction factors, dominant blocks to replication, and be able to make use of available host factors such as entry receptors for replication. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection is blocked at a post-entry stage by rhesus macaque TRIM5α, an effect that is enhanced by host factor cyclophilin A (CypA), but largely evades restriction by the human TRIM5α variant. HIV-1 replication is also inhibited by simian APOBEC3G but is able to evade restriction by human APOBEC3G by inducing its degradation through expression of accessory protein Vif. Viral entry and tissue tropism are determined by an interaction of the viral Env glycoprotein with a cell surface receptor and a seven transmembrane domain co-receptor. The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infects diverse felid species including the African lion, where infection has likely been endemic since at least the late Pleistocene, and the domestic cat, a more recent host. For domestic cat strains of FIV (FIV-Fca), entry is mediated by host proteins CD134 and CXCR4, but the identity of receptors in non-domestic strains of FIV is unknown. This thesis demonstrates that two strains of FIV isolated from lions (FIV-Ple subtypes B and E) differ in their receptor tropism and that subtype E shares entry receptors with FIV-Fca. The findings suggest that alternative receptor usage is a strategy employed by FIV in this species and has implications for the disputed pathology and tissue tropism of infection in African lions. Next, we tested the hypothesis that species which have harboured lentiviral infection for a long time are better able to prevent viral replication than recent hosts. Whilst we found that TRIM5α is non-functional in all felid species tested, evidence of potent APOBEC3 activity was found and, in lion cells, potently restricts production of infectious FIV. Moreover, lion primary T-cells prevent replication of diverse FIV strains and restrict primate lentiviruses at post-entry stages, suggesting that co-evolution with lentiviruses has driven the selection of broad-ranging restriction factors. Structural and biophysical analyses suggest that whilst FIV’s interaction with CypA appears to be conserved in affinity with HIV-1, the interaction does not appear to be crucial for replication and, in the absence of restriction by TRIM5α, the role of the capsid-CypA interaction is discussed. Overall the study explains the permissivity of domestic cat cells to retroviral infection and identifies FIV infection of lions as an example of host adaptation driven by current lentiviral infection.
Oscillatory correlates of executive functions in healthy subjects and schizophrenic patients

Schizophrenia is one of most debilitating and persistent mental disorders. The current standard treatments help to improve psychotic symptoms, but are largely unsuccessful at improving the long-term outlook of patients with schizophrenia. It is now widely assumed that cognitive deficits are a core symptom of schizophrenia and to a large degree responsible for the poor long-term outcomes. Executive functions have been shown to be severely impaired in schizophrenia. Due to the variety of cognitive processes involved, executive functions are well-suited to investigate cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. There is still considerable uncertainty to what extent a common, unitary neural mechanism underlies these cognitive deficits or whether cognitive deficits are domain specific. Thus, the present thesis aimed to explicate the role of brain oscillatory activity for a) cognition in healthy subjects, specifically executive functioning and b) the cognitive impairments prevalent in schizophrenia. In order to investigate common and diverging patterns of brain activity of executive functioning in healthy controls and schizophrenic patients, tasks assumed to reflect different executive functioning domains were employed. The first study used a cued delayed saccade task to probe for differences in lateralized oscillatory activity under attentional demand in healthy controls and schizophrenic patients. Results confirmed patterns of lateralized oscillatory activity
THE EFFECT OF SEMINAL PLASMA ON THE QUALITY OF COATED RAM FROZEN-THAWED SPERMATOZOA

Summary Two experiments were designed to examine the effects of crude seminal plasma (CSP) exposure of ejaculated and epididymal spermatozoa before freezing. Experiment 1, two consecutive ejaculates were collected (n=4) within 5 min, the second one was carried out in a tube containing Fiser extender (coated spermatozoa); by centrifugation, seminal plasma was removed from coated ejaculates. The pellets were split into three parts and 0, 50 and 100% CSP (v/v) was added and they were frozen. Samples were thawed and incubated at 37°C for 6 h. The highest progressive motility (10.41%) and the highest hypo-osmotic responses (12.62%) were found for the coated spermatozoa without CSP at 6 (P<0.05). The maximum viability was found for coated spermatozoa without CSP at 0 (29.4%) and 6 (17%, P<0.05). Experiment 2, epididymal spermatozoa were recovered (n=6), pooled and split into three fractions and 0, 50 and 100% CSP and the diluents were added, after that they were frozen. Thawed epididymal spermatozoa were incubated at 37°C for 6 h. The highest (33.3%) and lowest (25%) progressive motility were found for the epididymal spermatozoa without CSP and the epididymal spermatozoa with 100% CSP at 0, respectively (P<0.05). The highest (19.37%) and the lowest (9.38%) viability were related to the epididymal spermatozoa with 0 and 100% CSP at 6, respectively (P<0.05). Under the conditions of the current study, the addition of CSP to the ram epididymal and coated spermatozoa strengthened the detrimental effect of the freezing procedure.
The great garden escape: comparing dispersal strategies of two invasive Viburnum species

54 INTRODUCTION.55 METHODS.58 Species distribution and life history.58 Study area and sampling plots.59 New Jersey State Data.61 Macroplots.63 Data processing and analysis.65 Models and equations.66 RESULTS.70 New Jersey State Data.70 Macroplots.72 Pair correlation.75 Mark correlation and mark variogram.77 DISCUSSION.80 New Jersey State Data.80
A comparative study of mast cells in appendix

Background: Mast cells are derived from the multipotent cells in the bone marrow and located at body sites that interface with the external environment such as the mucosa, skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal mucosa. Objective: (1) To compare the mast cell counts in acute appendicitis, chronic appendicitis, and appendix removed during other abdominal surgeries and (2) to investigate the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of appendicitis. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty cases of appendix, except gangrenous appendicitis, were analyzed for mast cells counts. Qualitative data were represented in the form of frequencies and percentages. Quantitative data were represented in the form of mean and standard deviation (SD); ANOVA was the test of significance to compare the mean between the three groups. Result: In this study, 150 cases of appendicitis were examined. The most common lesion that was noticed was acute appendicitis in 46 cases (30.66%), followed by chronic appendicitis in 39 cases (26%). Sixty-five (43.33%) cases were those whose appendix was incidentally removed during abdominal surgeries. Conclusion: The mast cell count was the highest in chronic appendicitis when compared with acute and noninflamed appendices.
FLORISTIC COMPOSITIONS ALONG AN 18 - KM LONG TRANSECT IN AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK DISTRICT ABBOTTABAD, PAKISTAN

The floristic variation in Himalayan moist temperate coniferous forests in Pakistan is poorly understood. Wet temperate forests of Pakistan are interesting because at suitable elevations it merge downward with the tropical thorn forests and upward with the alpine meadows. The very situation of these forests thus make making them a sort of enclave in which the diversity of natural sites has allowed a number of relict species to persist. We recorded the vegetation pattern along a continuous 18 Km long transect that crossed a mixed coniferous forest. Vegetation data was analyzed by multivariate statistics including cluster analysis, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient to detect relationship between environmental factors and species distribution. Soils were physically and chemically analyzed. Soil texture, pH and tree density were the major determinant of vegetation pattern in these forests. Plant diversities and assemblage with respect to environmental features in these broad forest categories were discussed.
Revision of the genus Exoletuncus Razowski 1988 (Euliini, Tortricidae, Lepidoptera), with description of four new species and Colosysta n. gen.

Razowski, J., 1997. Revision of the genus Exoletuncus Razowski ,1988 (Euliini, Tortricidae, Lepidoptera), with description of four new species and Colosyta n. gen. Misc. Zool. , 20.1: 131-1 36. Revision of the genus Exoletuncus Razowski, 1988 (Euliini, Tortricidae, Lepidoptera), with description of four new species and Colosyta n.gen.- The Neotropical genus Exoletuncus is reviewed. Six species are included in the genus, four of which are described: rnusivus, consertus, artifex, cretatus. Exoletuncus trilobopa (Meyrick), a new combination, is transferred to the genus on the basis of facies; the holotype lacks the abdomen. Colosyta n. gen. is described to accommodate Eulia ocystola Meyrick, previously included in Exoletuncus.
Efficacy of Some Fungicides Against Fusarium Moniliforme And Macrophomina Phaseolina

Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid are important soil-borne pathogens which attack a large number of crop plants. In maize, they are known to cause stalk rots which take a heavy toll every year. Hitherto, the control measures suggested for these ~oil-borne fungi included mostly improved cultural practices. In recent years, several industries have developed numerous soil fungicides, a few of which have proved economical in controlling diseases of certain c! Ops in other countries. In the present study, an attempt was made to test the efficacy of some of the fungicides against these fungi both in vitro and in soil.