Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grain size and doping effect on structure and electromechanical properties of polycrystalline silicon for MEMS applications

Grain size effect on microhardness and Young modulus of polysilicon layers was obtained by nanoindentation experiments: 14.1-16.3 GPa and 240-300 GPa, respectively, for the particle-diameter of 117-430 nm. The range of grain size correlated to mechanical properties exceed theoretical values was defined. The doping effect was considered. The grain size range of PECVD polysilicon with aspects of hardening and suitable conductivity is presented with the objective to formation of micro- and nanomechanical devices.
Reversibly Deformable and Mechanically Tunable Fluidic Antennas

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of fluidic dipole antennas that are reconfigurable, reversibly deformable, and mechanically tunable. The antennas consist of a fluid metal alloy injected into microfluidic channels comprising a silicone elastomer. By employing soft lithographic, rapid prototyping methods, the fluidic antennas are easier to fabricate than conventional copper antennas. The fluidic dipole radiates with ≈90% efficiency over a broad frequency range (1910–1990 MHz), which is equivalent to the expected efficiency for a similar dipole with solid metallic elements such as copper. The metal, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), is a low‐viscosity liquid at room temperature and possesses a thin oxide skin that provides mechanical stability to the fluid within the elastomeric channels. Because the conductive element of the antenna is a fluid, the mechanical properties and shape of the antenna are defined by the elastomeric channels, which are composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The antennas can withstand mechanical deformation (stretching, bending, rolling, and twisting) and return to their original state after removal of an applied stress. The ability of the fluid metal to flow during deformation of the PDMS ensures electrical continuity. The shape and thus, the function of the antenna, is reconfigurable. The resonant frequency can be tuned mechanically by elongating the antenna via stretching without any hysteresis during strain relaxation, and the measured resonant frequency as a function of strain shows excellent agreement (±0.1–0.3% error) with that predicted by theoretical finite element modeling. The antennas are therefore sensors of strain. The fluid metal also facilitates self‐healing in response to sharp cuts through the antenna.
Computational Studies On The Effective Properties Of Two-Phase Heterogeneous Media

The effective elastic modulus and conductivity of a two phase materi al system are investigated computationally using a Monte Carlo scheme. The continuum c ontains circular, spherical or ellipsoidal inclusions that are either unifor mly or randomly embedded in the matrix. The computed results are compared to the applic able effective medium theories. It is found that the random distribution, permeability and particle aspect ratio have non-negligible effects on the effective material prope rties. For spherical inclusions, the effective medium approximations agree well with the simulation results in general, but the analytical predictions on void or non-spherical inclusi ons are much less reliable. It is found that the results for overlapping and nonoverlapping i nclus ons do not differ very much at the same volume fraction. The effect of the particle morphology is also investigated in the context of prolate and oblate ellipsoidal particles. The geometric percolation thresholds for circular, elliptical, squar e and triangular disks in the three-dimensional space are determined precisely by M onte Carlo simulations. These geometries represent oblate particles in the limit of zero thickness. The normalized percolation points, which are estimated by extrapolat ing the data to zero radius, are ηc=0.9614±0.0005, 0.8647 ±0.0006 and 0.7295 ±0.0006 for circles, squares and equilateral triangles, respectively. These results show that the noncircular shapes and
Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms

Papers reviewed herein are limited to the biological, chemical and physical effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on marine and estuarine plants and animals. Over 300 papers from the worldwide literature (of several thousand) are reviewed with focus on original research reports and reviews published in 2006. The first four sections focus on reviews, field and laboratory measurement activities (concentrations of contaminants, field surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers). The last ten sections focus further on pollution issues of current interest (vessel and marine coatings, marine debris, oil spills, hazardous algal blooms, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc.). A special feature is a tabular listing of the body burden of inorganic and organic contaminants in plants and animals. of and
Deep‐learning‐based motion correction in optical coherence tomography angiography

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a widely applied tool to image microvascular networks with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. Due to limited imaging speed, the artifacts caused by tissue motion can severely compromise visualization of the microvascular networks and quantification of OCTA images. In this article, we propose a deep‐learning‐based framework to effectively correct motion artifacts and retrieve microvascular architectures. This method comprised two deep neural networks in which the first subnet was applied to distinguish motion corrupted B‐scan images from a volumetric dataset. Based on the classification results, the artifacts could be removed from the en face maximum‐intensity‐projection (MIP) OCTA image. To restore the disturbed vasculature induced by artifact removal, the second subnet, an inpainting neural network, was utilized to reconnect the broken vascular networks. We applied the method to postprocess OCTA images of the microvascular networks in mouse cortex in vivo. Both image comparison and quantitative analysis show that the proposed method can significantly improve OCTA image by efficiently recovering microvasculature from the overwhelming motion artifacts.
The network as a platform

Modern networks, whether in the home or enterprise, enable many tasks that have become critically important both at home and at work. Whether monitoring breaking news, sharing music or collaborating with coworkers, the ubiquity of technology and its interconnectedness have ushered in an era of higher productivity in businesses and helped expand what is possible in the home. Despite this growth in technology, devices are still managed and operated individually in the same manner as when there were fewer devices and connectivity was rare. This approach is a poor fit for today's networks. In the enterprise, managing complex networks is tedious and error prone involving the joint configuration and debugging of many different elements. In the home, users have trouble integrating new devices into their homes. Return rates for home electronics are notoriously high despite relatively low fault rates. Even explicit efforts to build devices that are easy to install and manage have met with little success. I argue that in both cases extreme heterogeneity and a lack of extensibility have conspired to make it difficult to build applications and tools that manage networks holistically rather than devices individually. I show how to tackle these issues and enable developers to easily build software applications that logically span entire networks. Network administrators and home users can then select the applications that meet their needs either managing enterprise networks or expanding the capabilities of their homes. In particular, I show that there are straightforward abstractions which can help developers build applications atop modern heterogeneous networks but still admit efficient implementations.
Composite‐channel In0.17Al0.83N/In0.1Ga0.9N/GaN/Al0.04Ga0.96N high electron mobility transistors for RF applications

In this work, we present the high performance of composite channel based In0.17Al0. 83N/In0.1Ga0. 9N/GaN/Al0.04Ga0. 96N high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on a sapphire substrate. A numerical simulation is carried out for the proposed and conventional GaN channel‐based HEMTs using TCAD. Due to the strong polarization of InAlN/InGaN, enhanced electron confinement and high electron mobility of composite channel based proposed device shows excellent DC and RF characteristics with improved linearity than conventional GaN channel based HEMTs. A 55 nm T‐gate device demonstrates 4.45 A/mm drain current density (IDS) at VGS = 0 V, 0.7 S/mm stable transconductance (GM) for a wide range of gate bias, and excellent FT/Fmax of 274/288 GHz. Benefiting from the Al0.04Ga0. 96N buffer (back‐barrier), the device shows a very low sub‐threshold drain leakage current and high breakdown voltage (VBR) of 43.5 V. The combination of high FT/Fmax, stable transconductance, and high breakdown voltage of the proposed HEMTs shows the great promise for high power and wide‐bandwidth millimeter‐wave applications.
Utilizing a marginal abatement cost curve approach to develop a low greenhouse gas plan: case study of energy management in a rural region (Toowoomba-Australia) accounting for human behaviour

The global warming phenomenon has become an international issue which requires effort to avoid and control the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs). At the same time, despite various attempts, developed countries need to put more effort and attention into dealing with this issue. Many studies have been conducted on reducing GHGs globally and nationally. The majority of these studies have focused at a national or sectorial level, particularly in the industrial sector. This study focuses on stationary energy. There are two main ways to reduce GHGs, particularly CO2. One is to replace carbon-based fuels with renewables. The other is to reduce consumption. To achieve further GHG emission reductions, improvements to behavioural change regarding the use of energy are an emerging area of research that has significant implications for policy. One method adopted for reducing GHG is the MACC approach. In recent years, the need for more reductions in emissions with low costs has increased suitable strategies adopted at both an organisation and region level. However, many previous studies have been undertaken with a focus on estimated data. Accordingly, this study seeks to establish to what extent using actual data will help decision makers. The findings of this research indicate that organisations are seeking a more accurate approach to save energy, reduce emissions, and determine the impact of users’ behaviour when using abatement activities. Organisations are planning to use management accounting methods such as MACC when measuring the cost of abatement or reduction in environmental costs for more effective decision-making. This study developed a concept by using actual data in MACC. The design established support for organisations to meet data accuracy needs. This research provides important insights, particularly in promoting energy saving and emission reduction at the organisation level. The results confirmed the main assumptions and purpose underpinning this research.
Protein cycling in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen‐deficient zone: A de novo‐discovery peptidomic approach

Peptides are identified using a de novo‐discovery approach in suspended and sinking particles from the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen‐deficient zone (ODZ) and in a culture of a dominant autotroph from the region, the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus. The benchmarking experiment with Prochlorococcus shows de novo peptides to be taxonomically specific, and thus of value in augmenting database‐driven approaches. Analysis of the suspended and sinking particles using the de novo‐discovery approach reveals the presence of fungal proteins in deep sinking particles that were not in our original search database, contributing to growing recognition that fungi may play important roles in marine organic matter cycling. Cyanobacterial peptides that have been post‐translationally modified were tracked to depth, where they contribute ~ 1% of the phylum‐level identifiable peptide pool in the sediment trap sample. The majority of peptides found at depth in the detrital pool are associated with membranes, indicating that cellular location is associated with early preservation within the detrital pool. Modified amino acids in sinking and suspended particles include high levels of deamidation, suggesting that partial extracellular degradation of protein could fuel observed anammox and contribute to pools of refractory organic nitrogen.
Semisimple coadjoint orbits and cotangent bundles

Semisimple (co)adjoint orbits through real hyperbolic elements are well known to be symplectomorphic to cotangent bundles. We provide a new proof of this fact based on elementary results on both the Lie theory and symplectic geometry. Our proof establishes a new connection between the Iwasawa horospherical projection and the symplectic geometry of real hyperbolic (co)adjoint orbits.
Terrestrial Small Mammal Richness and Habitat Associations in an Amazon Forest–Cerrado Contact Zone 1

The Amazon Forest and the Cerrado of central Brazil share an extensive zone of integration. Each of these major ecosystems remains poorly studied; however, the composition of communities at the contact zone is even less well described. Small mammals were sampled during a ten–week period in a zone of contact between Amazonian forest and Cerrado. The vegetation in the area was a complex mixture of tropical and semi–deciduous forest, and grassland and savanna woodland formations. Mammals were marked and recaptured on 0.25– to 0.5–km transects and vouchers were collected. A total of 19 species was caught (13 rodents and 6 marsupials) in 4621 trap nights. Transitions from one vegetation type to another were abrupt with ecotones frequently < 5 m in width. The highest a–diversity was 7 species in cerrado. Ten of the 19 species were restricted to one habitat and 6 were restricted to two habitats. Three generalist grassland species occurred in more than two habitats, all variations of savanna. These data support other research indicating high habitat specificity of vertebrates and plants in the Brazilian savannas. The diversity of habitats within reserves in tropical grasslands must be given consideration in the design of protected areas in order to maximize the conservation of mammalian biodiversity.
Conflict-free Vehicle Routing with an Application to Personal Rapid Transit

This thesis investigates the conflict-free routing of vehicles through a track network, a problem frequently encountered in many applications in transportation and logistics. The most common routing approach for conflictfree routing problems in various settings is a sequential one, where requests are greedily served one after the other in a quickest way without interfering with previously routed vehicles. There is a need for a better theoretical understanding as guarantees on the quality of the routings are often missing. Conflict-free vehicle routing also is of inherent interest as a sister problem of the well-studied packet routing problem. In the first part, we present new theoretical results for the case of bidirectional networks. We consider a natural basic model for conflict-free routing of a set of k vehicles. Previously, no efficient algorithm is known with a sublinear (in k) approximation guarantee and without restrictions on the graph topology. We show that the conflict-free vehicle routing problem is hard to solve to optimality even on paths. Building on a sequential routing scheme, we present an algorithm for trees with makespan bounded by O(OPT) + k. Combining this result with ideas known from packet routing, we obtain a first efficient algorithm with sublinear approximation guarantee, namely an O( √ k)-approximation. Additionally, a randomized algorithm leading to a makespan of O(polylog(k)) ·OPT + k is presented that relies on tree embedding techniques applied to a compacted version of the graph to obtain an approximation guarantee independent of the graph size. The second part is about routing in the Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) application. PRT is a public transportation mode in which small automated vehicles transport passengers on demand. Central control of the vehicles leads to interesting possibilities for optimized routings. Routing in PRT is an online problem where transit requests appear over time and where routing decisions need to be taken without knowledge of future requests. Further, the network in PRT is directed. The complexity of the routing problems together with the fact that routing algorithms for PRT essentially have to run in real-time often leads to the choice of a fast sequential scheme. The simplicity of such schemes stems from the property that a chosen route is never changed later. This is as well the main drawback of it, potentially leading to large detours.
Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms

Papers reviewed herein are limited to the biological, chemical and physical effects of environmental disturbance, natural, and anthropogenic, on marine and estuarine plants and animals. The world wide literature is reviewed including textbooks, conference proceedings, original research reports, and reviews. A special feature is a tabular listing of the body burden of inorganic and organic contaminants in plants and animals. The effects of pollutants on individual species and communities are included. Changes at the cellular and subcellular level as caused by contaminants are reviewed. GENERAL The proceedings of the second international conference on marine pollution and ecotoxicity held in Hong Kong in 1998 was edited by Wu, et al. (1999). Keynote presentations included reviews on eutrophication, monitoring, biomarkers, endocrine disruption, and bioaccumulation. Talks were grouped according to ecotoxicology (14), eutrophication (6), monitoring (16), risk assessment/management (4), and trace organics (4). Sediments from 248 sites in Southern California mainland shelf were chemically analyzed to determine the extent and distribution of anthropogenic elements and compounds of anthropogenic origin (Schiff 2000). Eighty-nine percent of the samples were contaminated with DDT and PCBs. Santa Monica Bay had significantly high concentration of contaminants relative to the region sampled. CONCENTRATONS OF TOXICANTS IN MARINE ORGANISMS Symposium proceedings on new microbiotests for toxicity testing were edited by Persoone, et al. (2000). Sixty contributions were grouped into 11
Goal‐oriented error estimation for Stokes flow interacting with a flexible channel

We develop a goal‐oriented error estimator for finite‐element discretizations of fluid–structure‐interaction problems. As a model problem, we consider the steady Stokes flow in a 2D channel where part of the channel wall is flexible. We introduce the reference domain approach where the Stokes problem on the variable domain is transformed into a fixed reference domain. This allows the formulation of a proper dual problem. The dual solution is then used in the evaluation of the error estimate, as usual. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bayesian network approach to knowledge integration and representation of farm irrigation: 1. Model development

Irrigation is important to many agricultural businesses but also has implications for catchment health. A considerable body of knowledge exists on how irrigation management affects farm business and catchment health. However, this knowledge is fragmentary; is available in many forms such as qualitative and quantitative; is dispersed in scientific literature, technical reports, and the minds of individuals; and is of varying degrees of certainty. Bayesian networks allow the integration of dispersed knowledge into quantitative systems models. This study describes the development, validation, and application of a Bayesian network model of farm irrigation in the Shepparton Irrigation Region of northern Victoria, Australia. In this first paper we describe the process used to integrate a range of sources of knowledge to develop a model of farm irrigation. We describe the principal model components and summarize the reaction to the model and its development process by local stakeholders. Subsequent papers in this series describe model validation and the application of the model to assess the regional impact of historical and future management intervention.
Using Data Mining in Forecasting Problems

In today's ever-changing economic environment, there is ample opportunity to leverage the numerous sources of time series data now readily available to the savvy business decision maker. This time series data can be used for business gain if the data is converted to information and then into knowledge. Data mining processes, methods and technology oriented to transactional-type data (data not having a time series framework) have grown immensely in the last quarter century. There is significant value in the interdisciplinary notion of data mining for forecasting when used to solve time series problems. The intention of this talk is to describe how to get the most value out of the myriad of available time series data by utilizing data mining techniques specifically oriented to data collected over time; methodologies and examples will be presented. Introduction, Value Proposition and Prerequisites Big data means different things to different people. In the context of forecasting, the savvy decision maker needs to find ways to derive value from big data. Data mining for forecasting offers the opportunity to leverage the numerous sources of time series data, internal and external, now readily available to the business decision maker, into actionable strategies that can directly impact profitability. Deciding what to make, when to make it, and for whom is a complex process. Understanding what factors drive demand, and how these factors (e.g. raw materials, logistics, labor, etc.) interact with production processes or demand, and change over time, are keys to deriving value in this
Implications of future technologies on the design of fpgas

The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) industry is going through an exciting phase. The market leaders, Xilinx and Altera, announce new products almost every year. Their CAD tools also keep adding new features. The growing popularity of FPGAs demands that we sustain the growth of FPGAs. This thesis explores new technologies for continuing the improvement of FPGAs in future. In this thesis, we study the effect of three main future technologies. First, we evaluate FPGA designs for scaled CMOS technologies---65nm and below. The main problems here are leakage, temperature, and process variation. Second, we look at 3-D stacking of multiple dies within a package. Since this technology is still being perfected, we have several parameters to play with. For example, the properties of the vias that provide communication among the different layers (inter-layer vias) are very different from the other wires, especially pitch and length. This brings about an asymmetry in the FPGA fabric. How this influences the FPGA architecture is a question we try to answer. Furthermore, stacking multiple layers increases the power density, which increases the junction temperature. This thesis studies the impact of stacking on temperature, and proposes thermal-aware organization of FPGAs. Finally, we look at some technologies that are still in their infancy, such as molecular switches, carbon nanotubes, and silicon nanowires. Specifically, we explore the use of such technologies to implement the interconnect fabric in an FPGA.
Response to W. Li and C. Zhang by D. Allard, D. D'Or & R. Froideveaux

s of geoENV 2010 8th International Conference on Geostatistics for Environmental Applications [WWW document]. URL http://www.geoenv. ugent.be/geoENV10BookofAbstractsonweb.pdf Elfeki, A.M. 1996. Stochastic characterization of geological heterogeneity and its impact on groundwater contaminant transport. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Balkema Publisher, Delft, the Nether-