Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Ultrasonic Agitation on EDTA and Chitosan on Smear Layer Removal from Root Dentin: An in Vitro SEM Study

: This study compared efficacy of ultrasonic agitation with EDTA and Chitosan on smear layer removal from root canal walls. 60 extracted teeth randomly distributed into 5 groups, prepared by using Profile rotary instruments and subjected to different final regimens; group 1 - NaOCl, group 2 – EDTA, group 3 – EDTA + Ultrasonic agitation, group 4 – Chitosan and group 5 – Chitosan + Ultrasonic agitation. Samples were examined under the scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis showed that group 1 was not able to remove the smear layer. Group 3 and 5 performed significantly better than group 2 and 4. This study advocates that integration of ultrasonics with EDTA and Chitosan might prove beneficial in increasing the ability of EDTA and Chitosan to remove the smear layer.
LV Prasad Eye Institute EyeSmart electronic medical record-based analytics of big data: LEAD-Uveitis Report 1: Demographics and clinical features of uveitis in a multi-tier hospital based network in Southern India

Purpose: To describe the demographics and epidemiology of uveitis presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in Southern India. Methods: Cross-sectional hospital-based study of 19,352 patients with uveitis presenting between March 2012 and August 2018. Results: In total, 1,734,272 new patients were seen across the secondary and tertiary centers of our multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network during the study period. Among them, 25,353 eyes of 19,352 patients were diagnosed with uveitis and were included in the study. Uveitis constituted 1.11% of all cases. The majority of patients were male (60.33%) and had unilateral (68.09%) affliction. The most common age group was 21–50 years with 12,204 (63.06%) patients. The most common type of uveitis was anterior uveitis, which was seen in 7380 (38.14%) patients, followed by posterior uveitis in 5397 (23.89%) patients. Among the infectious causes, tuberculosis was the most common etiology (2551 patients, 13%) followed by toxoplasmosis (1147 patients, 6%). Conclusion: Uveitis constituted 1.11% of all cases presenting to our clinics. It was more common in the age group of 21–50 and was predominantly unilateral. Anterior uveitis was the most common subtype seen in 38%.
Progress in the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous inflammation that affects multiple organ systems. The spectrum of extraocular and ocular involvement is wide and may precede systemic involvement. The diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis relies on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory investigations, and radiographic findings. These include but are not limited to serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), lysozyme, plain-film radiographs of the chest, computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest, pulmonary function testing, bronchoalveolar lavage, and retinal imaging among others. In this review, we highlight current and evolving systemic investigations and approaches to ophthalmic imaging when considering the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis.
Macro-Financial Implications of Climate Change and the Carbon Transition Disorderly green transitions, the risk of stranded assets, and

We review what needs to be done to ensure a smooth transition to the carbon-free economy. If policy internalises global warming damages, the carbon price rises at the same rate as economic activity and the level depends on economic and climatic uncertainties. If policy makers keep temperature below a ceiling, the carbon price must grow at a rate equal to the risk-adjusted interest rate. Both approaches benefit from asset pricing insights. We also discuss how climate policy is frustrated by the motive to diversify assets across carbon-intensive and green assets. We then contrast business-as-usual and optimal outcomes with outcomes where there is a risk of policy tipping. The latter leads to sudden changes in market valuation and risk of stranded assets. We review empirical evidence for effects of anticipated green transitions on asset returns. Finally, we discuss macro-financial policies for the green transition and policies to avoid disorderly green transitions.
Prevalence, Clinical Implication, and Cause of Spine Hip Discordance in Elderly Patients with Fragility Hip Fracture

Background Spine-hip discordance (SHD) increases fracture risk. However, its prevalence and clinical implications have not been investigated in patients with hip fractures. This study determined the prevalence and association of SHD with mortality and investigated the cause of SHD in patients with hip fractures. Methods This study included patients admitted for fragility hip fractures between 2011 and 2020. All patients underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and anteroposterior and lateral views of the lumbosacral spine during admission. Data on demographics, diagnosis, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and mortality were collected. A T-score difference of more than 1.5 between L1–4 and the femur neck was considered discordant, and 3 groups (lumbar low [LL] discordance, no discordance [ND], and femur neck low [FL] discordance) were compared. In the discordance group, lumbar radiographs were reviewed to determine the cause of discordance. Results Among 1,220 eligible patients, 130 were excluded due to patient refusal or bilateral hip implantation; therefore, this study included 1,090 patients (271 male and 819 female). The prevalence of LL, ND, and FL was 4.4%, 66.4% and 29.2% in men and 3.9%, 76.1%, and 20.0% women. Mortality was not associated with discordance. The most common causes of discordance were physiological in the LL group and pathological in the FL group for both sexes. Conclusions Patients with hip fractures showed lower rates of ND and higher rates of FL compared to the general population. True discordance should be carefully judged for pathological and artifact reasons. The clinical implications of SHD require further investigation.
A Novel Composite Index to Measure Environmental Benefits in Urban Land Use Optimization Problems

In urban land use optimization problems, different conflicting objectives are applied. One of the most significant goals in urban land use optimization problems is to maximize environmental benefits. To quantify environmental benefits in land use optimization, many researchers have employed a variety of methodologies. According to previous studies, there is no standard approach for calculating environmental benefits in urban land use allocation problems. Against this background, this study aims to (a) identify indicators of environmental benefits and (b) propose a novel composite index to measure environmental benefits in urban land use optimization problems. This study identified four indicators as a measure of environmental benefits based on a literature assessment and expert opinion. These are spatial compactness, land surface temperature, carbon storage, and ecosystem service value. In this work, we proposed a novel composite environmental benefits index (EBI) to quantify environmental benefits in urban land use allocation problems using an ordered weighted averaging (OWA) method. The study results showed that land surface temperature (LST) is the most influential indicator of environmental benefit while carbon storage is the least important factor. Finally, the proposed method was applied in Rajshahi city in Bangladesh. This study identified that, in an average-risk decision, most of the land (64.55%) of the study area falls within the low-environmental-benefit zone due to a lack of vegetated land cover. The result suggests the potential of using EBI in the land use allocation problem to ensure environmental benefits.
Analysing critical success factors to implement sustainable supply chain practices in Indian automobile industry: a case study

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse the critical success factors (CSFs) behind the successful implementation of sustainable supply chain practices in Indian automobile industry. Supply chain sustainability is a critical and timely topic for the developing country like India that captures increasing concerns over sustainability, whether driven by current legislation, public interest or competitive opportunity. Identification of CSFs responsible for sustainable supply chain practices and evaluating their contextual relationships has the potential to affect future government policy, current production operations and identify new business models. In response to this, this paper intends to identify CSFs based on organisational theory and model them to implement sustainable supply chain practices in Indian automobile industry. Twenty-five CSFs to implement sustainable supply chain practices based on organisational theory are recognised by means of the literature review and in discussions with experts in one case study organisation. A solution methodology based on the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique is used to propose a structural model, which not only helps in understanding the contextual relationship among these CSFs, but also in determining their interdependence to implement sustainable supply chain practices. Further, the importance of CSFs has been determined based on their driving and dependence power using MICMAC analysis. Our overarching thesis is that the insights gained are useful for Indian automobile industry and would help practitioners, regulators and academicians to focus their efforts towards implementation of sustainable supply chain practices.
Endogenous Option Pricing

We show that a dynamic model of investment and capital structure choices, where the firm faces real and financial frictions, can generate option prices and implied volatilities that are in line with those of the average optionable stock. As the balance between the fundamental economic forces that are responsible for the way options are priced is state-dependent, the model is also able to generate a wide cross-sectional dispersion in implied volatility surfaces that matches what we observe in the data. JEL Classifications: G12, G32 We thank seminar participants at Washington University in St.Luois for useful comments. Scarman Road, Coventry, UK CV4 7AL. E-mail: andrea.gamba@wbs.ac. uk 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080. E-mail: asaretto@utdallas.edu
Circulating Nucleic Acids as Promising Biomarkers: A New Frontier of Personalized Medicine

Biomarkers are a range of biological signals that measure the presence and severity of the disease. This literature review assesses circulating DNA (ctDNA) and microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers detected in liquid and tissue biopsies and their importance in the prognosis, outcomes, and treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These biomarkers have the potential for clinical use; however, further studies with requisite data and sufficiently large trials are required to refine our understanding of their applicability. The prognostic significance of ctDNA and miRNA biomarkers in NSCLC care has demonstrated that liquid biopsy and molecular diagnostic testing may provide a feasible and noninvasive method for tailoring treatment plans to the specific mutational landscape of diverse NSCLC patients. However, further testing must be conducted to analyze the significance and benefit of ctDNA and miRNA biomarkers in larger cohorts and substantiate the standardization of liquid biopsy in clinical practice.
Determinants of Sukuk Issuance with Mediating Role of Effective Tax Rate

Sukuk market has continued to grow over the past two decades, yet researches on determinants of sukuk over conventional bond issuance have produced mixed findings. Previous researches also leave a puzzle why asset tangibility is insignificant to sukuk issuance. To contribute to this debate and answer the puzzle, this study examines the roles of asset tangibility and intangibility, earning and cash volatility, and effective tax rate to investigate why firms issue Sukuk over conventional bonds. Using logistic regression and a dataset of 389 Sukuk and 125 conventional bonds issuances from 2016 to 2020 in Malaysia, the result shows that Sukuk issuers rely more on intangible assets than tangible assets, as unlike conventional bond, the instrument allows tangible and intangible assets combination. This study also finds that Sukuk can be an alternative debt financing for firms with higher cash volatility. Moreover, firms with higher effective tax rate also prefer Sukuk because they may enjoy tax savings due to tax incentive exclusively given to sukuk issuer. This study also shows that effective tax rate serves as a quasi-moderator to asset intangibility and cash volatility. It implies that tax incentives provided by regulators play important role to promote sukuk market.
Initial investigation of microplastic pollution in river sediments at Yogyakarta City Indonesia

Microplastics of less than 5 mm have been widely found in the river sediments that cross the city. Sources of microplastic pollutants can be seen in rivers crossing Yogyakarta City studies on microplastic have never been carried out. This study analyzed the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in river sediments of Yogyakarta City. Data collection was carried out in December 2019 in Winongo River, Code River, and Gadjahwong River. Each sample of the three sediments was taken at each point of the three inlets and outlets in Yogyakarta City. The sediment sample was separated to obtain supernatant-containing microplastics. The abundance of microplastics was quantified and grouped based on the shape, size, and color. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to compare the concentration of microplastic in the three rivers. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 279.31 to 1,026.93 particles kg-1, with a higher abundance in the inlet than the outlet. The Code River sediment has the highest microplastic abundance, followed by the Gadjahwong River, and Winongo River. The sediment samples in the rivers crossing Yogyakarta City have been contaminated mainly by the fragment-shaped, transparent, and 1-100 µm microplastics.
Characterizing Sediment Flux of Deforming Glacier Beds

Deformation of subglacial sediment during basal slip shapes the beds of many fast‐flowing glaciers and ice streams. The resultant sediment flux impacts glacier dynamics and rates of subglacial erosion over a range of timescales, but its fundamental dependencies are not well understood. Using a cryogenic ring shear device, we conducted experiments to investigate the effects of both effective stress and slip speed on rates of till transport. Sediment fluxes were computed using digital image correlation from a photographic time series of the till bed. We find a near‐linear relationship between sediment flux and slip speed, but a non‐monotonic, double‐valued dependency of sediment flux on effective stress. Deformation primarily occurred in a thin shear band near the ice sole, the thickness of which could vary with both parameters. Coupling between ice and till increased at higher slip speeds and effective stresses and scaled the magnitude of the flow profile.
Engineered Manganese Redox Cycling in Anaerobic-Aerobic Mbbrs for Utilisation of Biogenic Manganese Oxides to Efficiently Remove Micropollutants

Freshly formed manganese oxides (MnOx) can oxidise various organic pollutants, but its reactivity is short-lived and therefore continuous pollutant removal by MnOx is not feasible. In this study, an engineered cycle of manganese reduction followed by oxidation was implemented in a two-stage moving bed biofilm reactor (staged MBBR), aiming to replenish MnOx for continuous micropollutant removal. In the anaerobic reactor, added MnO 2 was reduced to Mn 2 + by microbially-mediated reaction with organic matter in the sewage. The reduced Mn 2 + was then re-oxidised to biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnOx) in the aerobic reactor, which precipitated into the suspended biofilm. Part of the BioMnOx was regularly recycled to the anaerobic reactor for the next round of manganese reduction. Mass balance assessment shows that manganese redox cycling functioned well during continuous operation, and BioMnOx was continuously regenerated within the aerobic reactor. A specific Mn-oxidising bacteria belonging to Stenotrophomonas sp. was isolated from suspended biofilm of the aerobic reactor and identified, and Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis reveals a microbial community shift in the staged MBBR during manganese redox cycling. Furthermore, both batch and continuous-flow experiments show that specific micropollutants such as bezafibrate, diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole were efficiently removed (over 80%) by the staged MBBR.
Trust as a Moderator in Buying Behavior

The increase in e-commerce that has led to the rise of online shopping has attracted researchers in the field of marketing. For two decades, the internet-based e-commerce model has been accepted as a marketing strategy by companies to capture market share even though today the traditional marketing model is still running. Marketers to date continue to make changes to online-based marketing strategies to attract buyers. The purpose of this study was to examine trust as a moderating variable between social influence and buying behavior. The sample is 300 respondents. The analytical method used is structural equation modeling. The results of this study indicate that trust can moderate social influences and buying behavior.
Clinical Characteristics in the Longitudinal Follow-Up of APECED Syndrome in Southern Croatia—Case Series

Background: Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare monogenetic autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene characterized by complex phenotypic characteristics discovered over years of follow-up. Methods: 7 patients were recruited in this case series in a period of the last 37 years from Southern Croatia. All patients were screened for AIRE R257X mutations. Results: This study group had a mean current age of 25.3 years (age range from 5.4 to 40.2 years), while the mean age at the onset of the disease was 6.5 years (age range from 0.7 to 9.2 years) and with a mean follow-up period of 17.8 years. The overall prevalence of APECED syndrome is estimated to be 1 in 75,000. The most common initial manifestation of the disease was onychodystrophy, while the first major component of APECED syndrome was chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Conclusions: APECED is a ‘‘multi-faced’’ disease based on the very unpredictable and inconsistent onset of major components. Furthermore, based on our results, we suggest that onychodystrophy could be included as a warning sign of APECED syndrome.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Stocks Holding Period based on Financial Performance

This research aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding financial performance's role in disseminating components that affect the stock holding period. Companies listed in the LQ-45 index from the 2013 to 2017 period on the Indonesia Stock Exchange were the study samples. The sample selection technique was the purposive sampling method with 12 companies for five-year observation. This study used descriptive analysis methods and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that the market value and dividend payout ratio significantly positively impact the stock holding period. In contrast, earnings per share do not affect the stock holding period. This study concludes that accounting numbers are still relevant for investors to decide when holding shares.
Study of Antibacterial Activity of Root Bark, Leaves, and Pericarp Extracts of Diploknema butyracea and Evaluation of Prospective Antioxidant Activity

This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of root bark, leaves, and pericarp extract of Diploknema butyracea and to evaluate the prospective antioxidant activity, total flavonoid, polyphenol, and carbohydrate content. The plant parts were collected and extracted by cold maceration, using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. Phytochemical screening of different samples of D. butyracea in different solvents revealed the presence of varied extent of alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid, anthraquinones, tannin, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, carbohydrate, polyphenol, protein and amino acid, resin, and phytosterol. Our study showed that methanolic root bark extract exhibited the potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Klebsiella pneumonia with an average zone of inhibition of 17.33 mm, 14.33 mm, and 13.0 mm, respectively. Surprisingly, all of the extracts were insensitive to Escherichia coli. The lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 4.6 mg/ml, was observed with the aqueous pericarp extract against S. epidermidis and the highest was of 50 mg/ml shown by ethyl acetate pericarp against K. pneumonia. Our results showed that both the polar and nonpolar components present in the different parts of D. butyracea exhibit prominent antibacterial activities against different bacterial strains. The in vitro 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity showed that the methanol extract of root barks displayed the most potent antioxidant activity (IC50 : 6.1 µg/ml). The total polyphenol content of the plant part extracts was observed between 19.48 ± 0.23 and 123.48 ± 1.84 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of dry extract weight. Likewise, flavonoid content ranged from 40.63 ± 1.28 µg to 889.72 ± 3.40 μg quercetin equivalent/mg of dry extract weight and total carbohydrate content ranged from 11.92 ± 0.60 µg to 174.72 ± 0.60 µg glucose equivalent per/mg dry extract weight. Overall, our study showed that the root bark, pericarp, and leaves extract of D. butyracea evinced prominent antibacterial properties against various pathogenic bacterial strains.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, RELIGIUSITAS, DAN LINGKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP MINAT MENABUNG MENGGUNAKAN BANK SYARIAH

Islamic banks still have obstacles, one of which is the low level of public awareness, especially traders regarding Islamic banks, with the proven traders who still conduct transactions through conventional banks and even individuals (daily banks). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether or not there is a relationship between knowledge, religiosity, and social environment on the interest to save using Islamic banks. The method of this research is quantitative with an associative approach. The number of sample as 70 respondents with data collection methods using questionnaires and interview. Purposive sampling is a technique for sampling. The data analysis uses multiple correlation test, T test, F test, and coefficient of determination test (R2). The results of this research are that there is a positive and significant relationship between variables of knowledge and social environment on saving money interest using Islamic banks with tcount values of 2.014 and 2.913. While the religiosity variable does not have a significant relationship to the interest in saving money using an Islamic bank with a tcount of 0.655. The coefficient of determination test (R2) gets a result of 23%, it means that the variables of knowledge, religiosity, and social environment only have a role of 23% of interest in saving using Islamic banks and the rest is controlled by other variables that is not tested in this study.