Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The food security of Inuit women in Arviat, Nunavut: the role of socio-economic factors and climate change

ABSTRACT Climate change has been identified as compromising food security in many case studies with Inuit communities in Canada. Largely neglected in the scholarship however, is research focusing on the gendered dimensions of Inuit food security in a changing climate. This paper reports on a community based participatory research project involving semi-structured interviews with Inuit women (n = 42), 10 focus groups (n = 40), key informant interviews (n = 8), and participant observation, to identify and characterise the determinants of food security among Inuit females in the community of Arviat, and examine the role played by climate and climate change. Results indicate that significant changes in climate being observed are not currently affecting female food security, with socio-economic-cultural factors primary determinants of food security. The nature of the traditional food system in Arviat based on harvesting land mammals reduces sensitivity to changing sea ice conditions which have been problematic in other Inuit communities. However, dependence on a limited number of animals for diet (primarily caribou, arctic char) increases sensitivity to potential future disruptions caused by climate change to these species and reduces response diversity as a coping mechanism.
High glucose‐increased miR‐200c contributes to cellular senescence and DNA damage in neural stem cells

Maternal diabetes increases the risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). It is unclear if miRNAs, senescence, and DNA damage are involved in this process. In this study, we used neural stem cells as an in vitro proxy of embryonic neuroepithelium to investigate whether high glucose triggers neural stem cell senescence and DNA damage by upregulating miR‐200c, which may be responsible for NTDs.
The Mental “Weight” of Discrimination: The Relationship between Perceived Interpersonal Weight Discrimination and Suicidality in the United States

Extant research has investigated the relationship between body weight and suicidality because obesity is highly stigmatized, leading to social marginalization and discrimination, yet has produced mixed results. Scholars have speculated that factors associated with body weight, such as weight discrimination, may better predict suicidality than body weight itself. We consider this possibility among a sample of 12,057 adult participants ages 33 to 43 in Wave V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health through investigation of the relationships between weight discrimination and two dimensions of suicidality—suicide ideation and attempts. We also examine gender as a moderator of these relationships. We find that weight discrimination is positively associated with both suicide ideation and attempts, and this relationship is similar among men and women. Our findings underscore the need to address issues of weight discrimination in our society to better promote mental well-being.
Being Present and Meaningful Engagement for Aged Care Residents Living With Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Australian Care Worker’s Experiences

Abstract Background and Objectives Meaningful engagement is essential for aged care residents living with dementia. Our knowledge pertaining to caring presence for residents living with dementia is limited. This study aims to understand care workers’ experiences of providing care to residents, the challenges they face in being present with residents and support that enable them to be more present and provide person-centered care. Research Design and Methods A mixed-methods approach using surveys and semi-structured interviews with care workers from three Australian residential aged care homes was adopted. Surveys were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Open-ended survey responses and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Twenty-six care workers completed surveys and a subset (n = 8) participated in interviews. Survey participants were largely positive about their role and reported that they loved caring for and making a difference in the lives of residents. Three themes emerged from interviews: (a) trust, connection, and the complexities of maintaining engagement; (b) time as gift and challenge; (c) organizational culture, structure and resources, and enabling carer presence. Discussion and Implications Care workers in our study expressed their desire to be present with residents and stated that enablers such as meaningfully engaging with residents was one of the most enjoyable aspects of their work. Barriers such as staff shortages, competing demands of the role, and time-related impediments to being present were reported. Addressing challenges to being present with residents living with dementia is key to help avoiding poor care practices and resident outcomes.
Representing the landslide magnitude–frequency relation: Capilano River basin, British Columbia

We use magnitude–frequency analysis as a statistical tool to quantify the erosion caused by landslides and debris ﬂows. Using air‐photo‐ and ground‐derived data we show that the departure from power‐law distribution customarily observed for small magnitude is an artefact of sampling deﬁciencies. Nonetheless, the total distribution is not sensitive to the frequency of small slides and total erosion remains adequately represented in the air‐photo‐derived data. Our data also demonstrate a real departure from simple scaling at much larger magnitudes, the cause of which is not deﬁnitively established. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triassic ichthyopterygian assemblages of the Svalbard archipelago: a reassessment of taxonomy and distribution

Ichthyopterygians were amongst the most specialised lineages of secondarily aquatic amniotes; however, their origin and initial radiation remain obscure. The stratigraphically oldest and phylogenetically most basal taxa have been found in Early–Middle Triassic deposits throughout the northern hemisphere, but one of the earliest documented and arguably most important localities is the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago. Like many classic palaeontological sites, the Svalbard Triassic fossil-bearing horizons are plagued by inconsistent geological interpretations and taxonomic classifications. To resolve these conflicts, a comprehensive revision of the various ichthyopterygian assemblages was undertaken. The fossils were found to be distributed through three sequential rock units: the Olenekian Vikinghøgda Formation (six discernible taxa distributed over two distinct horizons), Anisian lower Botneheia Formation (two taxa) and the Ladinian–Carnian Blanknuten Member of the Botneheia Formation–Tschermakfjellet Formation (five taxa). Unfortunately, many of the specimens are non-diagnostic at species-level, although they do contribute a cohesive picture of marine faunal successions during the Early–earliest Late Triassic. Indeed, the Svalbard archipelago has produced one of the most diverse Early Triassic ichthyopterygian assemblages known worldwide, but is comparatively species poor throughout the early Middle Triassic, perhaps due to sampling biases.
Can We Constrain CMIP5 Rainfall Projections in the Tropical Pacific Based on Surface Warming Patterns

AbstractClimate warming has large implications for rainfall patterns, and identifying the most plausible pattern of rainfall change over the next century among various model projections would be valuable for future planning. The spatial pattern of projected sea surface temperature change has a key influence on rainfall changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Here it is shown that simple indices of the size of the equatorial peak in the spatial pattern of warming and to a lesser extent the hemispheric asymmetry in warming are useful for classifying the surface temperature change in different models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Models with a more pronounced equatorial warming show a fairly distinct rainfall response compared to those with more uniform warming, including a greater “warmer-get-wetter” or dynamical response, whereby rainfall increases follow the surface warming anomaly. Models with a more uniform warming pattern project a smaller rainfall increase at the eq.
Smartphone addiction and its association with hypertension and quality of sleep among medical students of Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To observe the smartphone addiction’s prevalence and its relation to hypertension and sleep quality. Methods: This study was carried out at the College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October 2022 to March 2023. A total of 200 medical students were selected using convenience sampling. Standard procedures were used to estimate the student’s height, weight, body mass, and blood pressure. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version and sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Relationships between smartphone addiction, sleep quality, hypertension, and obesity were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. A p<0.05 was viewed as statistically significant. Results: Prevalence rate of smartphone addiction was 36% (39.8% in men and 30.5% in women) and prevalence rate of hypertension was 35.5% (42.4% in men and 25.6% in women). Hypertension showed a significant positive relationship with smartphone addiction (odds ratio [OR]=2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.034–4.36), poor sleep quality (OR=3.54, 95% CI=1.73–7.22), and obesity (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.09–8.42). Conclusion: Smartphone addiction has been demonstrated to have a high prevalence among medical undergraduates and has been associated significantly with elevated blood pressure.
Interpretation and inversion of low‐frequency head observations

An asymptotic expression for transient head variations, valid at low‐frequencies, forms the basis for an efficient scheme for estimating hydraulic conductivity. The critical computational step is equivalent to solving the governing equation for steady state head. Thus, model parameter sensitivities, relating changes in head to changes in hydraulic conductivity, of the fully transient problem can be computed with the equivalent of four steady state head computations. A comparison of model parameter sensitivities computed using the low‐frequency asymptotic approach and sensitivities computed using a purely numerical approach indicates good agreement. An inversion of synthetic hydraulic tomography data indicates that it is possible to estimate overall permeability variations using the technique. In an actual application to truncated crosswell pressure tests from the Raymond field site, we image two high permeability fracture zones, in agreement with a conceptual model of the region. The location of the two fracture zones correlates with the position of transmissive fractures, as measured by borehole conductivity logs.
Differences in Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Incidence and Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery According to Assessment Method and Definition: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most frequent complication of cardiac surgery. Despite clinical and economic implications, ample variability in POAF assessment method and definition exist across studies. We performed a study‐level meta‐analysis to evaluate the influence of POAF assessment method and definition on its incidence and association with clinical outcomes. Methods and Results A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies comparing the outcomes of patients with and without POAF after cardiac surgery that also reported POAF assessment method. The primary outcome was POAF incidence. The secondary outcomes were in‐hospital mortality, stroke, intensive care unit length of stay, and postoperative length of stay. Fifty‐nine studies totaling 197 774 patients were included. POAF cumulative incidence was 26% (range: 7.3%–53.1%). There were no differences in POAF incidence among assessment methods (27%, [range: 7.3%–53.1%] for continuous telemetry, 27% [range: 7.9%–50%] for telemetry plus daily ECG, and 19% [range: 7.8%–42.4%] for daily ECG only; P>0.05 for all comparisons). No differences in in‐hospital mortality, stroke, intensive care unit length of stay, and postoperative length of stay were found between assessment methods. No differences in POAF incidence or any other outcomes were found between POAF definitions. Continuous telemetry and telemetry plus daily ECG were associated with higher POAF incidence compared with daily ECG in studies including only patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Conclusions POAF incidence after cardiac surgery remains high, and detection rates are variable among studies. POAF incidence and its association with adverse outcomes are not influenced by the assessment method and definition used, except in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.
Indentation and rotation in the western Alpine arc

Summary The overall structural aspects of the external western Alpine arc and foreland may be consequences of NW-SE compression ahead of crustal thrusting on the northern front and of mainly sinistral wrenching along its southwestern lateral border. However such a model assumes a simple straight-line displacement which, while possibly valid on the continental scale, cannot be considered for the external arc since a model of linear translation and rotation around a distant pole is not compatible with the structural organization of the western arc of the Alps. The constant tangential stretching parallel to the curved front, the fan-ring shortening and shear directions on décollement levels, the complex nappe transport trajectories and the widespread dextral wrench-faulting around the arc, can be better explained by local rotation of a block belonging to the European margin, dragged along the western sidewall of a large indenter moving northwestwards. This laterally displaced block produces an anticlockwise ring shear about a pole of rotation within it. Consequently, the Alpine arc cannot be understood in terms of plane-strain models along local ‘transport’ directions. The deformation process corresponds instead to lateral rotation-expulsion of a deformed unit belonging to the European Plate margin, jammed against its stable foreland.
Co‐evolution at protein–protein interfaces guides inference of stoichiometry of oligomeric protein complexes by de novo structure prediction

The quaternary structure with specific stoichiometry is pivotal to the specific function of protein complexes. However, determining the structure of many protein complexes experimentally remains a major bottleneck. Structural bioinformatics approaches, such as the deep learning algorithm Alphafold2‐multimer (AF2‐multimer), leverage the co‐evolution of amino acids and sequence‐structure relationships for accurate de novo structure and contact prediction. Pseudo‐likelihood maximization direct coupling analysis (plmDCA) has been used to detect co‐evolving residue pairs by statistical modeling. Here, we provide evidence that combining both methods can be used for de novo prediction of the quaternary structure and stoichiometry of a protein complex. We achieve this by augmenting the existing AF2‐multimer confidence metrics with an interpretable score to identify the complex with an optimal fraction of native contacts of co‐evolving residue pairs at intermolecular interfaces. We use this strategy to predict the quaternary structure and non‐trivial stoichiometries of Bacillus subtilis spore germination protein complexes with unknown structures. Co‐evolution at intermolecular interfaces may therefore synergize with AI‐based de novo quaternary structure prediction of structurally uncharacterized bacterial protein complexes.
Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography: Guidelines to Modern Methods

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Augmented Visual Feedback for Complex Motor Skill Acquisition: A Demonstration with Healthy Young Adults

Mirror therapy (MT) is a treatment for improving motor function after stroke. Video therapy (VT) training combines observation and imitation of video clips, and it has been used to conduct efficient occupational therapy. We sought to determine the effects of MT and VT on tool-use with healthy young adults. We assigned participants to three different training groups in which they used their non-dominant left hands to move a ball with chopsticks: (a) a self-paced MT group (N = 14), (b) an MT group who moved the ball while looking at the mirror image of the right hand with a sound cue (4-second intervals) (N = 12), and (c) a group who imitated a video demonstration (4-second intervals) (N = 13). The ball-moving time was significantly reduced after training in all three groups: MT group (p < .001), MT-R group (p = .010), and VT group (p = .014), but the video group showed significantly greater relative improvements in motion variability (p = .030) and object prediction (p = .008). We concluded that MT was as effective as VT in improving movement speed, but, with these healthy young adults, MT was less effective than VT in learning speed control or hand pre-shaping to refine task movements for tool use.
A Joint Estimate of the Precipitation Climate Signal in Europe Using Eight Regional Models and Five Observational Datasets

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the precipitation climate signal in Europe emerging from a simulation of heterogeneous regional climate models (RCMs) using five observational datasets as the reference for present day climate conditions. Current climate simulations, as well as those from the A2 family of scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES-A2), from eight RCMs involved in the Prediction of Regional Scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining European Climate Change Risks and Effects (PRUDENCE) project have been cross-compared with data from the Climate Research Unit (CRU), the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), and the CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) databases for Europe. The RCMs used are HIRHAM, the Climate High Resolution Model (CHRM), the Rossby Centre Atmosphere–Ocean (RCAO) model, the GKSS Climate Version of th.
Experimental Studies of Igneous Rock Series: Felsic Body Suite from the Needle Point Pluton, Wallowa Batholith, Oregon

The phase relationships of four analyzed granitic rocks which comprise a late-stage felsic body sequence intruding the Mesozoic granodiorites and tonalites of the Needle Point pluton, Wallowa Batholith, Oregon, have been determined in the presence of 15 wt percent water at pressures to 3 kbar. Pressure-temperature curves were located for the beginning of melting, and for the disappearance of K-feldspar, quartz, plagio-clase, biotite, and hornblende in granodiorite no. 678, quartz monzonites nos. 685 and 774, and granite no. 705. Compositions and structural states of plagioclases from the granitic rocks, basic masses intruding the batholith, and mafic inclusions, as well as the compositions of coexisting feldspars, were determined using the electron microprobe analyzer. Variations in each of these parameters throughout the melting interval of each granitic rock were measured at 2 kbar pressure. Although experimental conditions (excess $$H_{2}O$$ present; $$fO_{2}$$ regulated but not controlled) forbid detailed comparison with natural occurrences, the results indicate that, at 2 kbar pressure, temperatures of at least 730° C and 780° C are required to generate liquids of granite and quartz monzonite composition. Several factors suggest that the normal product of partial fusion of many crustal rock types is a $$H_{2}O$$-undersaturated granite liquid; crystal mushes with this type of liquid are probably involved if intermediate magmas are derived from crustal sources.
Deformation from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake near the southwest margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California

Damage to pavement and near-surface utility pipes caused by the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake provides evidence for ground deformation in a 663 km2 area near the southwest margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California (USA). A total of 1427 damage sites, collected from more than 30 sources, are concentrated in four zones, three of which are near previously mapped faults. In one of these zones, the channel lining of Los Gatos Creek, a 2-km-long concrete strip trending perpendicular to regional geologic structure, was broken by thrusts that were concentrated in two belts, each several tens of meters wide, separated by more than 300 m of relatively undeformed concrete. To gain additional measurement of any permanent ground deformation that accompanied this damage, we compiled and conducted post-earthquake surveys along two 5 km lines of horizontal control and a 15 km level line. Measurements of horizontal distortion indicate ∼0.1 m shortening in a northeast-southwest direction across the valley margin, similar to the amount measured in the channel lining. Evaluation of precise leveling by the National Geodetic Survey showed a downwarp with an amplitude of >0.1 m over a span of >12 km that resembled regional geodetic models of coseismic deformation. Although the leveling indicates broad, regional warping, abrupt discontinuities characteristic of faulting characterize both the broad-scale distribution of damage and the local deformation of the channel lining. Reverse movement, largely along preexisting faults and probably enhanced significantly by warping combined with enhanced ground shaking, produced the documented coseismic ground deformation.
Size Distribution of Eroded Sediment from Two Tillage Systems

ABSTRACT Arainfall simulator was used to study the effect of tillage on the physical characteristics of sediment from cropland. Rainfall was applied to 12 experimental field plots, each 0.01 ha in size. The plots were divided into conventional and no-tillage systems. Runoff samples were collected from the base of each plot and analyzed for sediment concentration and aggregate and primary particle size distributions. Sediment aggregates were finer than the aggregates found in the matrix soil and were enriched with primary clay particles. The aggregate size of the eroded material increased as rainfall continued. No-till was found to be effective in reducing runoff and sediment losses. Sediment aggregates from no-till plots were coarser than those from conventional tillage plots. The sediment from no-till plots contained higher percentages of gravel, sand, and clay primary particles. Empirical equations are presented for use in predicting the size distribution of eroded material from a silt loam soil.