Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of physical development and body composition of kickboxing athletes with different training experience

Background and Study Aim. Comparative analysis of physical development and body composition using the index method in kickboxing athletes with different training experience. Material and Methods. Participants: 30 kickboxing athletes, group 1 – 15 people, (13.20±0.60) years old, training experience (0.71±0.13) years. Group 2 - 15 people, (15.20±1.14) years old, training experience (6.80±1.16) years. 18 anthropometric indicators were determined. 21 indices were calculated based on them. The median (Me), 1 (25%) and 3 (75%) quartiles were determined. The somatotype was determined by the bioimpedance method using the OMRON BF-511 body composition monitor (Japan). The significance of differences in the groups was assessed by the nonparametric Rosenbaum test (Q). Results. A significant excess of indicators of the 2nd group in terms of Erisman's index (Q=10), Pignet's index (Q=7), Livy's index (Q=12), Isakson's body surface area (Q=11) and relative body surface (Q=21) was established , relative length of arm (Q=11) and leg (Q=14), index of arm circumference (Q=15) and leg (Q=6), shoulder index (Q=10), indices of massiveness of segments of the forearm (Q=11) and shoulder (Q=30), conditional moments of force of the forearm (Q=30), shoulder (Q=30), lower leg (Q=30) and thigh (Q=30). A trend towards a decrease in fat content and an increase in muscle tissue in more trained athletes has been confirmed. Conclusions. A comparative analysis of the physical development and body composition of kickboxing athletes with different training experience confirmed certain differences. More trained kickboxers had better indicators of the shoulder index, which reflects the posture of the athletes. The Erisman index illustrated the increase in the muscles of the torso under the influence of training loads. The increase in body surface area and relative body surface reflects the greater adaptive potential of more trained kickboxers. The large relative length of the arms and legs, the indices of the ratio of the segments of the limbs, the indices of massiveness and the conditional moments of the segments' strength reflect the best technical capabilities of more trained athletes, the ability to blow at a greater distance and with greater force. The adequacy of using the method of indices as more informative than anthropometric indicators is shown. It is proposed to use these indices in monitoring the state of kickboxing athletes.
Distribution of potassium fractions in relation to landforms in a Himalayan catena

Abstract Spatial distribution of potassium in mountain soils is governed by landforms, as the operational intensity of factors and processes of soil formation vary with landforms. Therefore, we aimed to find out the relationship between potassium (K) fractions with landforms and the association of K fractions with soil properties. For this, horizon-wise soil samples were collected from pedons, one each from six topographic positions in a catena in the Punjab Himalayas. Samples were analysed for physical and chemical properties and for K fractions. The soils were alkaline and calcareous. The water soluble-K ranged between 4.0 and 18.5 mg kg−1, exchangeable K between 27.3 and 292.2 mg kg−1, fixed K from 392 – 240 mg kg−1, and total K from 1.1 – 3.1%. All forms of K were positively related to silt and negatively to sand. Exchangeable and total forms of K were positively correlated with clay and CEC. The trends could be corroborated with mineralogy, which are rich in K-bearing minerals like micas and feldspars in coarse fractions and illites in clay fractions. The positive coefficients of correlation amongst the forms of K suggest that K forms are present in dynamic equilibria. The spatial distribution of K fractions was closely associated with landforms.
Minimum Quantity Lubrication Jet Noise: Passive Control

Jet noise is a common problem in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technology. This should be given great attention because of its serious impacts on the physical and mental health of the operators. In this study, a micro-grooved nozzle is proposed based on the noise reduction concept of biological micro-grooves. The flow field and acoustic characteristics of an original nozzle and a micro-grooved nozzle were investigated numerically to help better understand the noise reduction mechanism. The reasons for noise generation and the effects of the length (L), width (W) and depth (δ) of the micro-grooves on noise reduction were analyzed. It was found that jet noise is generated by the large-scale vortex ring structure and the pressure fluctuations caused by its motion. The overall sound pressure level (OASPL) decreased with the increases in W and δ, and increased with the increase in L. Among of them, δ has the greatest effect on noise reduction. The maximum noise reduction achieved was 6.66 dB, as verified by the OASPL test. Finally, the noise reduction mechanism was discussed in terms of the flow field, vorticity and the frequency characteristics. Micro-grooves can enhance the mixing of airflow inside the nozzle and accelerate the process of large-scale vortices breaking into smaller-scale vortices. It also reduces the sound pressure level (SPL) of middle frequencies, as well as the SPL of high frequencies on specific angles.
Magma dynamics feeding Yasur's explosive activity observed using thermal infrared remote sensing

A thermal infrared thermometer was used to record the passage of hot gases and fragments across a measurement area located at the exit of one of Yasur's active vents. Recording was completed over 2 h during September 2011. A total of 200 explosive events were recorded. We define two types of event: low‐energy events with typical thermal energies of 14 kJ and high‐energy events with typical thermal energies of 97 kJ. Around 180 low‐energy events were recorded, which together released 457 kJ of radiant energy. In contrast, only 20 high‐energy events were recorded, but they released 2042 kJ. We suggest that low‐energy events originate from a relatively shallow, degassed magma reservoir and are associated with bursting of bubbles formed by bubble coalescence during ascent. Instead, high‐energy events originate from a relatively deep, fresh magma reservoir and are associated with slugs formed by foam collapse.
Student Perceptions of Pedagogical Approaches to Integrating the SDG 8 into Business School Education

This paper aims to assess students’ perceptions regarding the extent of integration of the eighth principal Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 8) “promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment, and decent work for all” into an undergraduate business school (BS) course. We analyzed students’ perceptions with respect to three pedagogical themes: content/curriculum; knowledge and skills; and awareness and attitudes. Based on legitimacy theory, we conducted a survey of 124 students at a globally accredited business school that has been a pioneer in terms of integrating SDGs into business school education in the Middle East and particularly in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which we refer to as Alpha Business School (ABS). A Q-methodology approach was adopted by designing a concourse of 37 statements. Our research findings highlight that in response to institutional governmental pressure to implement the SDGs at all levels in the country, ABS has begun to integrate the SDGs into its practice, including undergraduate courses. However, after a more in-depth analysis, the findings suggest that traditional learning methods and a “business as usual” mentality continue to prevail as a management paradigm among students and that, therefore, ABS has only embedded SDG 8 symbolically without undergoing a full substantive change. In conclusion, further work is needed to incorporate the SDGs into all dimensions of the business school’s activities and to promote new methodologies, skills, and competencies. This paper is helpful for accounting educators and curriculum setters in the process of revamping accounting curricula to reflect the importance of sustainability education. The results of this study have professional, academic, and policy-making implications.
Shaking Table Model Tests on Pile Groups behind Quay Walls Subjected to Lateral Spreading

This paper presents experimental results of 1-g shaking table model tests on a 3×3 pile group behind a sheet-pile quay wall. The main purpose was to understand the mechanisms of liquefaction-induced large ground deformation and the behavior of the pile group subjected to the lateral soil displacement. The sheet-pile quay wall was employed to trigger the liquefaction-induced large deformation in the backfill, and a study was made of the effect of several parameters such as soil density, amplitude and frequency of input motion, pile head fixity, and superstructure on the magnitude of soil lateral displacement and the maximum lateral force of liquefied soil. Furthermore, distribution of the maximum lateral force within the group pile was thoroughly studied. It was found that the force varies depending on the position of individual piles in the group. To evaluate the contribution of each pile in the total lateral force, a new two-dimensional parameter that is called contribution index was introduced and recom.
Source parameters of large African earthquakes: implications for crustal rheology and regional kinematics

Summary Source parameters for 38 African earthquakes have been determined using P and SH body-waveform inversion of analogue and digital waveforms. The results of this modelling are combined with 15 other earthquakes whose source parameters are also well constrained by body-waveform inversion. This data set shows that parts of East Africa have a seismogenic thickness of up to ∼ 35 km, and that seismicity occurs throughout the upper and lower crust. 1-D heat-flow calculations suggest temperatures of ∼ 325–475 ° C at 35 km depth in the Archaean and Proterozoic crust, requiring that the lower crust has a dry, mafic bulk composition in order to deform seismogenically. The slip vectors associated with these 53 earthquakes are combined with an additional 28 solutions from the Harvard CMT catalogue in order to investigate plate kinematics. In the Red Sea/Gulf of Aqaba the slip vectors agree closely with the Africa–Arabia extension direction predicted by the current best-fit plate model of Jestin, Huchon & Gaulier (1994). In the southern East African Rift System motion is split between a southeast direction in Zambia and a northeast direction in Malaŵ i and Rukwa, which combine to achieve the predicted Africa–Somalia east–west extension. Thus the current best-fit plate model of Jestin et al. (1994) adequately describes the active kinematics of Africa.
PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Can Long Noncoding RNAs Be Associated?

Simple Summary The recent approval of the drug Pembrolizumab for patients with the triple-negative subtype of breast cancer highlights the search for new markers to indicate the treatment. Due to their broad regulatory role and tissue specificity, lncRNA molecules can rise as biomarkers. Therefore, this review aimed to raise possible lncRNAs that act as an indication for the treatment. In addition, we searched for lncRNAs already discussed in other types of cancer that deserve to be better investigated in the context of breast cancer. Abstract As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) emerge as a paradigm-shifting treatment option for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer, there is a growing demand for biomarkers that can distinguish which patients are likely to benefit. In the case of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by a lack of therapeutic targets, pembrolizumab approval for high-risk early-stage disease occurred regardless of PD-L1 status, which keeps the condition in a biomarker limbus. In this review, we highlight the participation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, as well as in the definition of prognostic immune-related signatures in many types of tumors, aiming to shed light on molecules that deserve further investigation for a potential role as biomarkers. We also conducted a bioinformatic analysis to investigate lncRNAs already investigated in PD-1/PDL-1 pathways in other cancer types, considering the TNBC molecular context. In this sense, from the generated data, we evidence here two lncRNAs, UCA1 and HCP5, which have not yet been identified in the context of the tumoral immune response in breast cancer. These candidates can be further explored to verify their use as biomarkers for ICI response. In this article, we present an updated review regarding the use of lncRNA as biomarkers of response to ICI, highlighting the versatility of using these molecules.
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Does Not Reduce the Risk of Temporary and Definitive Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Damage during Thyroid Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endoscopic Findings from 73,325 Nerves at Risk

Background: While intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) helps the early identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage, IONM’s role in RLN damage prevention is not defined, given the lack of large studies on the subject. Methods: In a PRISMA-compliant framework, all original thyroid surgery prospective studies providing early postoperative endoscopic data for all patients were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. We compared the temporary (and definitive where available) RLN damage rates according to IONM use and IONM type (intermittent, I-IONM, or continuous, C-IONM). Results: We identified 2358 temporary and 257 definitive RLN injuries in, respectively, 73,325 and 66,476 nerves at risk. The pooled temporary and definitive RLN injury rates were, respectively, 3.15% and 0.422% considering all procedures, 3.29% and 0.409% in cases using IONM, and 3.16% and 0.463 in cases not using IONM. I-IONM and C-IONM, respectively, showed a pooled temporary RLN injury rate of 2.48% and 2.913% and a pooled definitive injury rate of 0.395% and 0.4%. All pooled rates had largely overlapping 95% confidence intervals. Conclusions: Our data suggest that IONM does not affect the temporary or definitive RLN injury rate following thyroidectomy, though its use can be advised in selected cases and for bilateral palsy prevention.
The Biomarker Inventory, Trace, and Source of Heinrich Events and Heinrich-type Layers (MIS 8-16) in the North Atlantic.

AB: Multiple cores from different locations in the North Atlantic were recovered during IODP Expeditions 303/306. We have investigated the biomarker distributions of identified Heinrich layers (HL) and ambient glacial/interglacial samples from Site U1305, located in the Labrador Sea in proximity to the former major iceberg discharge pathway derived via the Hudson Strait from the Laurentide-Ice-Shield (LIS). A unique association of a multitude of "petrogenic" compounds such as benzohopanes, D-ring monoaromatic 8,14-secohopanes, rearranged diasterenes, mono- and triaromatic steranes, isorenieratene-derivatives as well as characteristic pristane/ n - C 17 and pristane/phytane ratios ideally allows to distinguish organic matter from HL compared to adjacent samples. They therefore are regarded and can be used as organic-geochemical tracers not only for the occurrence of Heinrich Events of the last glacial cycle but also for older Heinrich-like events.We present a biomarker based high resolution record of such events during a time interval from about 320-460 kyr at Site U1313 (MIS 10-12) and an extended record (MIS 8-16) of Heinrich-type events from Site U1308, i.e. from positions near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and distal to the LIS.In addition, the HL-specific biomarker association provides circumstantial evidence to derive from a relatively immature, Paleozoic marine rock deposited under occasional photic zone anoxic conditions, that is today located on the Laurentide/Canadian shield. Reinvestigation of available geologic and organic-geochemical data allowed narrowing down this assumed source to an Ordovician oil shale close to Hudson Strait, that indeed bears a striking resemblance in terms of biomarker distributions when compared to the specific association of compounds from samples of Heinrich Events.
Biological baseline study in the Ramsar site "Heden" and the entire Jameson Land, East Greenland

In 2008, Quadra Mining Ltd. was granted an exploitation license that covered a large molybdenum ore body in East Greenland. Mining this ore will involve constructions inside the Ramsar site “Heden” of a port, a road and an air strip. In July 2008 NERI performed baseline studies on geese and other birds in the area. The possible impacted north-western part of the Ramsar site, Gurreholm, is lush wetland tundra. About 25% of the Pink-footed geese moulting in Jameson Land use this small part of the Ramsar site. The diversity and density of breeding birds in the area are relatively high. About 3% of the moulting Barnacle geese in Jameson Land use this area. The impact of the mining activities on the Gurreholm area is evaluated in proportion to disturbance zones of 1.5, 5 and 10 km; the most substantial impact will be that up to 4,900 moulting Pink-footed geese will avoid the area. The proposed replacement area, the extended Ørsted Dal area, holds 60-80% of the Pink-footed geese expected to avoid the Gurreholm area. The number of breeding Pink-footed geese in the affected area constitutes about one third of the Jameson Land breeding population. The replacement area will compensate for more moulting Barnacle geese than those impacted, thereby giving protection under the Ramsar Convention to an extra 7% of the flyway population. It is suggested to monitor the impact when mining starts. If the proposed replacement area can not compensate fully, yet another replacement area should be delimited.
Mechanisms of decadal sea level variability in the eastern North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea

Decadal sea level variations from tide gauge records along the western European coast and in the Mediterranean Sea commencing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries are examined relative to large-scale atmospheric forcing. Recent studies have provided evidence for a link between sea level in the eastern North Atlantic and atmospheric forcing, however the nature of this relationship is still unclear. Here the outputs of a regional barotropic model and a nearly global baroclinic model are used in conjunction with wind stress and heat flux data to explore the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed sea level variability. All tide gauge records show significant decadal variability (up to 15 cm) and are highly correlated with the NAO and among themselves at decadal periods. There is a coherent sea level signal that affects the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic northward of 25°N and is limited to a narrow band of the order of a few hundred kilometers along the coast. This band tends to become narrower towards higher latitudes. We find that longshore wind and wave propagation along the boundary are the major contributors to coastal sea level variability but no significant contribution from mass redistribution linked to changes in the strength of the subtropical gyre is observed. The mass component dominates sea level in the Mediterranean and is mainly driven by mass exchanges with the Atlantic, which explains the correlation between both regions. Southward of 25°N, sea level changes are mainly driven by heat advection through Ekman fluxes.
Surface atmospheric circulation over Europe following major tropical volcanic eruptions, 1780-1995

We identify monthly circulation patterns of variability over the European continent within the first year after eight large tropical volcanic eruptions since the early 19th century. For this purpose, we apply an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) technique to a gridded sea level pressure data set covering the period 1780-1995. The post-eruption months with above-normal variance represented by the leading two EOFs are retained. Afterwards, we mapped their rotated equivalents to simplify physical interpretation of the results. Following the eight tropical eruptions, four months are identified during the first year fulfilling the criterion of exceptional values of variance in EOF1: January, June, July and September. January shows an anomalously dominant zonal pattern responsible for warmer temperatures over continental Europe. The summer months tend to show a more persistent south-westerly or westerly circulation over the continent, indicating a likely reduction in the strength of the Azores high. The results showing modification of the atmospheric circulation following large volcanic eruptions are consistent with previous studies based on instrumental records for more recent periods. This underscores the robustness of the circulation changes as a response to volcanic forcing. The analysis also demonstrates that empirical orthogonal functions provide a useful tool to detect these dynamical features.
The interannual variability of oceanic CO2 parameters in the northeast Atlantic subtropical gyre at the ESTOC site

The long‐term trends and average seasonal variability in the upper ocean inorganic carbon observations were investigated at the ESTOC Station (the European Time Series in the Canary Islands), on the basis of an existing 10‐year series (1995–2004). Hydrographic temperature and salinity, together with the pH in total scale at 25°C (pHT), total alkalinity (AT), partial pressure of CO2 expressed as fugacity (fCO2), computed dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) and fluxes of CO2 (FCO2) reveal substantial variability over the years. Seasonal detrended data of salinity‐normalized CT (NCT) and experimental fCO2 show upward trends of 0.99 ± 0.20 μmol kg−1 yr−1 and 1.55 ± 0.43 μatm yr−1, respectively, indicating direct control over the CT concentration due to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. Our series of experimental pHT data confirm the acidification of surface waters in the east Atlantic Ocean, with an interannual decrease of 0.0017 ± 0.0004 pH units yr−1. Interannual trends were examined by determining the variance in biogeochemical anomalies over time. The resulting anomalies in temperature and salinity revealed two scenarios in the ESTOC site, where there are periods of cooler and fresher water than the mean, driven by variations in winter mixed‐layer depths, and periods with inverse temperature and salinity anomaly relationships, related to seasonal changes in the position of the subtropical gyre. Hydrographic and biogeochemical anomalies at ESTOC were linked to large‐scale climate variability indexes, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the East Atlantic pattern (EA). A delay of around 3 years in the oceanic response to the NAO best correlates with the anomalies observed for temperature (0.83), salinity (0.56), alkalinity (0.49), CT (0.41), fCO2 (0.57) and the depth of the mixed layer (−0.64) with p < 0.05. The seasonal variability and its link‐in to the large‐scale climate variability of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre has been studied using the two long series, BATS and ESTOC.