Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal Growth and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Material (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3

Single crystals of lead-free piezoelectric material x(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–yBaTiO3 (NBBT 100x/100y) have been successfully grown by the flux method and the Bridgman method. Using the flux method, crystals having an edge length of 2–8 mm were obtained using Bi2O3 flux with cooling from 1350°C to 800°C at a rate of 3.5°C/h. Using the Bridgman method, comparatively good crystal of 15 mm diameter and 50 mm length was obtained using Bi2O3 flux with the Pt crucible driven down through the heat zone at a speed of 1.0 mm/h. The resulting crystals showed single-phase perovskite structure. Inductively charged plasma (ICP) chemical analysis revealed that the composition of the pulverized powder of these crystals is NBBT 97/3, which is slightly different from the charged composition of NBBT 94/6. One of the single crystals grown by the Bridgman method showed a dielectric constant of 1230 at room temperature and a dielectric constant peak at 313°C.
Analytical two-phase flow void prediction method

An analytical formula has been derived, without empirical constants, that predicts the lower limit void fraction as a function of quality and pressure. The derivation utilizes a functional relationship for the slip and the boundary conditions at the limits as \ ~* 0 and x ~* ! • The formula has been compared with two state-of-theart correlations, in the parameter range of operation of a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) at steady state, and with some air-water data. It fits the first case data rather well, and correlates the air-water data with even greater accuracy. The potential applicability of this formula to countercurren t flow cases has not yet been explored. This paper concentrates on the derivation of the formula and comments on the data correlations. Nomenclature A = flow area, m2 (without subscript: total flow area) C0 = parameter defined in text F = intermediate function defined in text / = intermediate function defined in text g = intermediate function defined in text m = mass flow rate, kg/s (without subscript: total flow rate) S = slip, velocity ratio VgIVi V = average velocity of each phase Vgj = parameter defined in text a = void fraction, area ratio AgIA p = fluid phase density, kg/m3 X = flow quality, mass flow ratio mg/m Subscripts g = gas phase t = liquid phase
A survey of the milliarcsecond polarization properties of BL Lacertae objects at 5 GHz

Consideration is given to millarcsecond-resolution total-intensity and linear polarization maps at 5 GHz presented for 11 BL Lacertae objects. In every BL Lacertae object in which polarization structure was detected, the polarization position angle of the knots is nearly parallel to the VLBI structural axis. The direction of the polarization in the cores of these sources appears to be random. The preferred polarization direction in the jets is explained by the fact that plane perpendicular shock waves are common in these sources; the origin of the absence of the preferred polarization direction in the core components is unclear. These results support an early conclusion that it cannot be the case that a significant number of BL Lacertae objects are gravitationally microlensed images of more distant quasars, since the characteristic VLBI polarization structures observed in these two types of objects are very different.
Lower hybrid waves excited through linear mode coupling and the heating of ions in the auroral and subauroral magnetosphere

Experimental observations on the ISIS 1, ISIS 2, ISEE 1, and DE 1 spacecraft demonstrate that strong lower hybrid (LH) waves can be excited by VLF electromagnetic (em) whistler mode waves as the em waves propagate through regions of the ionosphere and magnetosphere where small-scale magnetic-field-aligned irregularities exist in the mean plasma density. There is strong evidence that the LH waves are excited by linear mode coupling as the em waves scatter from the irregularities. The present paper considers two related aspects of the linear mode conversion mechanism: (1) the controlled heating of suprathermal ions in the ionosphere and magnetosphere over a powerful VLF/ELF transmitter using LH waves excited by the em transmitter signals through linear mode conversion; (2) the excitation of intense LH waves in the auroral regions through the linear conversion of VLF/ELF em auroral hiss, and the subsequent heating of ions by the excited LH waves. In addressing both aspects a critical feature is the behavior of the mode coupling mechanism at frequencies less than 10.2 kHz, the lowest value observed in earlier experiments. Using the results of controlled experiments carried out at Siple Station, Antarctica, it is demonstrated that strong LH waves can be excited by em waves down to frequencies as low as 2 kHz in the subauroral low-altitude magnetosphere. Extrapolating from these observations and making use of ISEE 1 satellite wave amplitude data, we conclude that a ∼250 kW VLF/ELF transmitter operating in the subauroral region at 2 kHz could excite sufficiently intense LH waves to heat suprathermal 1 eV H+ ions and 16 eV O+ ions to roughly 50 eV in a region extending in altitude from 1000 to 5000 km above the transmitter with a horizontal scale of ∼500 km. Furthermore, if coherent wave stochastic heating occurs, the energy gain of O+ ions could be as large as 200 eV. This effect would be readily measurable with available satellite instrumentation. Using a recently developed model of the linear mode coupling mechanism, we furthermore conclude that a significant portion of the LH waves observed in the auroral zone in regions of ion conic development may be excited by em VLF/ELF auroral hiss as the hiss propagates through the irregular background plasma commonly observed in the auroral regions.
Temporal Variations in Predictability

Abstract A large ensemble of predictability runs made during the course of a long equilibrium run in a two-level nonlinear quasi-geostrophic model with orography is examined in order to elucidate characteristics contributing to temporal variations in error growth. After the initial dissipation of the small-scale error, an error spectrum is developed wherein all scales grow with about the same doubling time until saturation is reached first at the smallest scales. Toward the end of the predictability runs, the error spectrum steepens toward the equilibrium energy spectrum. This error growth is largest during times of large equilibrium kinetic energy. Because of a lag relationship between the equilibrium kinetic energy and the available potential energy, it is possible to marginally predict times of large and small error growth. Removal of the orography during a forecast produces much larger and more linear growth rates characteristic of present operational forecast model errors.
Students' Perceptions in The Utilization of Zoom Video Conferencing on Speaking Ability in Distance Learning

This research examined students’ perception of the use of Zoom Video Conferencing in successful speaking ability during the COVID-19 outbreak. This research aimed to obtain valid evidence about EFL college students’ own decent or wicked perception of the utilization of Zoom Video Conferencing for sharpening their speaking competencies. The researcher used mix methods approach convergent design with a combination between a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach. In assembling the data, the researcher involved university students in some different majors with 102 participants gathered by sharing the close-ended and open-ended questionnaires in the form of Google Forms in the research. The researcher analyzed the data from close-ended questionnaire results and open-ended questionnaire responses. The results showed that the close-ended questionnaire discovered good perceptions and positive attitudes of students in increasing speaking skills towards Zoom Video Conferencing. Therefore, Zoom Video Conferencing can be a medium in teaching activity during distance learning applications especially in improving speaking ability as it can raise students’ positive attitude and speaking ability in EFL classrooms.
DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CLUSTER SUBSTRUCTURE I. LINEAR STRUCTURE: FUZZY c-LINES*

In Part I, a generalization of the Fuzzy c-Means (or Fuzzy ISODATA) clustering algorithms is developed. Necessary conditions for minimization of a generalized total weighted squared orthogonal error objective function lead to a Picard iteration scheme which generates simultaneously (i) c fuzzy clusters in the data; (ii) a set of c prototypical straight lines in feature space which best fit the data in a well-defined sense; (iii) a set of c prototpyical centers of mass (on the c lines) which characterize the “core” of each linear fuzzy cluster. Theoretical optimization is achieved using principal components of generalized within cluster fuzzy scatter matrices. A convergence theorem for each algorithm in the infinite family is given. The algorithms are exemplified by five numerical examples using both real and artificial data sets having essentially “linear” substructure. In Part II, the Fuzzy c-Means and Fuzzy c-Lines algorithms are shown to be special cases of a more general class of fuzzy algorithms, the.
A method to solve conjugate heat transfer problems: the case of fully developed laminar flow in a pipe

Proposition d'une methode simple, rapide et generale combinant le principe de superposition et une methode a elements finis pour resoudre les problemes de transfert de chaleur conjugues. Effet de la conduction de la paroi sur le transfert de chaleur. Resultats pour deux valeurs de chacun des quatre parametres determinant l'importance relative de la conduction axiale (nombre de Peclet du fluide, rapport des conductivites de la paroi et du fluide, epaisseur et longueur sans dimension de la section chauffee de tuyau)
The BIAT and the AMP as measures of racial prejudice in political science: A methodological assessment

Political scientists often use measures such as the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) and the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) to gauge hidden or subconscious racial prejudice. However, the validity of these measures has been contested. Using data from the 2008–2009 ANES panel study—the only study we are aware of in which a high-quality, nationally representative sample of respondents took both implicit tests—we show that: (1) although political scientists use the BIAT and the AMP to measure the same thing, the relationship between them is substantively indistinguishable from zero; (2) both measures classify an unlikely proportion of whites as more favorable toward Black Americans than white Americans; and (3) substantial numbers of whites that either measure classifies as free of prejudice openly endorse anti-Black stereotypes. These results have important implications for the use of implicit measures to study racial prejudice in political science.
Ring-width and blue-light chronologies of Podocarpus lawrencei from southeastern mainland Australia reveal a regional climate signal

Abstract. High-resolution palaeoclimate proxies are fundamental to our understanding of the diverse climatic history of the Australian mainland, particularly given the deficiency in instrumental datasets spanning more than a century. Annually resolved, tree-ring-based proxies play a unique role in addressing limitations in our knowledge of interannual to multi-decadal temperature and hydroclimatic variability prior to the instrumental period. Here we present cross-dated ring-width (RW) and minimum blue-intensity (BI) chronologies spanning 70 years (1929–1998) for Podocarpus lawrencei Hook.f. , the Australian mainland's only alpine conifer, based on nine full-disc cross-sections from Mount Loch in the Victorian Alps. Correlations with climate variables from observation stations and gridded data across the 1929–1998 period reveal a significant positive relationship between RW and mean monthly maximum temperatures in winter throughout central Victoria (r=0.62, p<0.001) and a significant negative correlation to winter precipitation (r=-0.51, p<0.001). We also found significant negative correlations between RW and monthly snow depth at Spencer Creek in New South Wales (r=-0.60, p<0.001). Of the assessed BI parameters, delta blue intensity (ΔBI; the difference between early- and late-wood BI) displayed the greatest sensitivity to climate, with robust spatial correlations with mean October to December maximum and minimum monthly temperatures (r=-0.43, p<0.001; r=-0.51, p<0.001) and July precipitation (r=0.44, p<0.001), across large areas of northern Victoria. These promising findings highlight the utility of this species for future work. With the very limited availability of suitable long-lived and cross-datable species on the Australian mainland, these results have significant implications for advancing high-resolution palaeoclimate science in southeastern Australia and for improving our understanding of past climate in the region.
A Predictor-Based Linearization Approach for Local Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems With Input Delay

In this article, a predictor-based linearization approach is presented to solve the local asymptotic stabilization (LAS) problem of time-invariant nonlinear systems with a large constant input delay. Under stabilizability and detectability of the linearized time-delay system, we prove that LAS is achievable by either predictor-based state or output feedback controllers, which are designed based on the linearization. The predictor-based linearization technique developed in this research complements the previous work and improves its result by removing the forward completeness condition and a number of technical requirements as well as by expanding the class of nonlinear systems with input delay to the general case. Examples are given to demonstrate the application of the predictor-based linearization technique.
Voids in the Ly-alpha forest

The general issue of using the Ly-alpha absorbers in quasar spectra as tracers of the large-scale matter distribution is discussed, emphasizing complications due to evolutionary effects and line blending. Then, a novel method of statistical analysis of the line data appropriate for studying large-scale structure is described. This method circumvents the problem of line blending by truncating the interval distribution at the low end. It also explicitly takes z-dependent effects into account. As an example, the method is applied to an 18-quasar spectrum sample of 417 lines. 55 refs.
The generation of available potential energy, according to Lorenz′ exact and approximate equations

The generation of available potential energy (APE) in the atmosphere according to Lorenz′ (1955a, b) exact and approximate equations is investigated in the space-time domain. The generation is determined from the fields of diabatic heating and temperature. The heating is evaluated by the residual method, using 4 × daily ECMWF-(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) initialised analyses for the January months of 1986–1992 and the July months of 1985–1991. The contributions of different parts of the atmosphere to the exact and approximate generation are investigated, and the differences between these contributions are explained. In the derivation of the equation of the approximate generation, Lorenz made several approximations. The most serious one appears to be that the average pressure on an isentropic surface is approximately equal to the pressure of the isobaric surface, for which the average potential temperature is equal to the potential temperature of the isentropic surface. Our results show that the largest differences between the contributions to the exact and approximate generation occur in the extratropical low troposphere. Here the contribution to the exact generation of eddy APE is up to 10 × smaller than in the approximation, and the contribution to the exact generation of zonal- and time-mean APE is weakly positive, whereas for the approximation it is strongly negative. Other main differences occur in the tropical middle troposphere where the contribution to the exact generation of mean APE is about two times as small as the approximate value. Despite these large differences, the globally averaged exact generation of mean APE, which is 2.29 W/m 2 in January and 1.88 W/m 2 in July, differs less than 3% from its approximation. The globally averaged exact generation of stationary eddy APE, which is 0.26 W/m 2 in January and 0.45 W/m 2 in July, is about 25% smaller than its approximation. In most individual months the globally averaged exact generation of transient eddy APE is weakly positive (about 0.01 W/m 2 ), whereas the approximation is weakly negative (about – 0.08 W/m 2 ). The globally averaged generation of mean APE is not sensitive to the period and kind of the circulation data. The sensitivity of the globally averaged generation of stationary and transient eddy APE is about 0.1 W/m 2 . DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1994. t01-3-00002.x
Onion downy mildew severity in no-tillage irrigation under nutrient budgeting and population densities

We analyzed the relationship between nutrient (N and K) parceling and population density on the severity of onion downy mildew under no-tillage fertigation cultivation in the conditions of Alto Vale do Itajaí (Barzil). For this purpose, field trials were conducted in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019, in Ituporanga (Barzil). The treatments corresponded to four population densities (300, 400, 500 and 600 mil plants ha-1) subjected to applications of nitrogen (150 kg N ha-1) and potassium (127.5 kg K2O ha-1) distributed throughout the vegetative cycle of the crop via fertigation on a weekly, biweekly and monthly basis, based on the absorption curve of these nutrients for the cultivar Empasc 352-Bola Precoce. In fertigated no-tillage systems, nutrient (N and K) tranches do not influence the severity of downy mildew. The severity of downy mildew increases linearly with increasing population density, especially from 500 mil plants per ha-1.
A SPECTRAL LINE SURVEY OF CRL 2688 IN THE RANGE OF 85–116 GHz

A spectral line survey of the proto-planetary nebula CRL 2688 was carried out in the frequency range of 85–116 GHz with the 14 m radio telescope at the Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory. Eight detected molecules are all carbon bearing molecules: HCN, HNC, C2H, HC3N, CS, CCS, CN, and CO, and their isotopic species H13CN and 13CO. A CCS line was newly detected in CRL 2688. The molecular lines detected in CRL 2688 were also compared with those of the proto-typical AGB star IRC +10216. The SiS (J = 5–4, v = 0) molecular line detected in IRC +10216 was not detected in CRL 2688, indicating a lower abundance of the SiS molecule in CRL 2688 than in IRC +10216. Excitation temperatures and column densities of HC3N in both CRL 2688 and IRC +10216 were derived using standard LTE rotational diagram analysis. The HC3N column density of CRL 2688 was found to be lower than that of IRC +10216. This fact, together with the lower abundance of the SiS molecule in CRL 2688, may be related to the chemical evolution of the circumstellar envelope of CRL 2688.
Bringing it all back home: the HRM role in workforce localisation in MNEs in Saudi Arabia

Abstract Governments across the Arabian Gulf aim to reduce their dependence on expatriates by implementing localisation policies. Building on institutional and legitimacy theories, we seek to advance our understanding of the effects of such policies on multinational enterprises (MNEs). We used data from 157 MNEs operating in Saudi Arabia and found the indigenisation of the human resource management (HRM) function is closely correlated with the level of workforce localisation: key factors empowering localisation, defined as recruitment and training practices geared towards the needs of locals, include the demographics and role of the HRM Director. Theoretically, we contribute to the literature on institutionalism and legitimacy by revealing how various institutional forces influence the process of selection and transfer of HRM practices to adapt to the institutional environment of a given context. Our research also shows that if MNEs follow government recommendations, develop links with local educational institutions to target suitable job candidates, and adapt to shortages in local skills and competencies by investing in the training and development of local workers, they will be more likely to achieve success in workforce localisation and legitimacy.
Hybrid displacement function element method: a simple hybrid‐Trefftz stress element method for analysis of Mindlin–Reissner plate

In order to develop robust finite element models for analysis of thin and moderately thick plates, a simple hybrid displacement function element method is presented. First, the variational functional of complementary energy for Mindlin–Reissner plates is modified to be expressed by a displacement function F, which can be used to derive displacement components satisfying all governing equations. Second, the assumed element resultant force fields, which can satisfy all related governing equations, are derived from the fundamental analytical solutions of F. Third, the displacements and shear strains along each element boundary are determined by the locking‐free formulae based on the Timoshenko's beam theory. Finally, by applying the principle of minimum complementary energy, the element stiffness matrix related to the conventional nodal displacement DOFs is obtained. Because the trial functions of the domain stress approximations a priori satisfy governing equations, this method is consistent with the hybrid‐Trefftz stress element method. As an example, a 4‐node, 12‐DOF quadrilateral plate bending element, HDF‐P4‐11 β, is formulated. Numerical benchmark examples have proved that the new model possesses excellent precision. It is also a shape‐free element that performs very well even when a severely distorted mesh containing concave quadrilateral and degenerated triangular elements is employed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phalangeal microgeodic syndrome, COVID-19, and antinuclear antibodies in a child: A case report

Phalangeal microgeodic syndrome (PMS) is a rare rheumatological disease affecting children strongly associated with cold weather. It is considered to be benign and self-limiting, with most cases resolving in warmer months, and no studies have investigated its association to autoantibodies or viral infection. In this peculiar case, a 12-year-old child with the previous COVID-19 infection developed PMS that did not improve in the warm weather and, subsequently, Raynaud’s phenomenon and facial rash. With the increasing number of new studies showing the correlation between COVID-19 and autoimmunity, this case report highlights a plausible link between COVID-19, PMS, and autoimmunity in the pediatric population that should be investigated further.
Evaluating Medical Tests: Objective and Quantitative Guidelines

Introduction Disorder and Diagnosis Definition Test Protocol, Response, Referent Families of Test Referents Population and Sampling Sensitivity and Specificity The Signal Detection Approach Predictive Values The Bayesian Approach, Risk Ratios and Odds Ratio Efficiency Choosing Clinically Optimal Tests Taking Test Costs into Account Costworthy Tests Basic Issues in Using Multiple Tests Evaluating Batteries of Medical Tests Optimal Sequences Evaluating Batteries of Medical Tests Optimal Scores Evaluating Batteries of Prognostic Tests with Variable Follow-Up Times Evaluation of Medical Tests The Past, Present and Future