Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproductive strategies of dewberries

Two predictions are made. (1) In a stable, predictable habitat when popula- tion density is low and clonal expansion is possible, vegetative reproduction should be favored. When population density is high because of crowding, plants should put a greater proportion of their resources into seed reproduction, resulting in dispersal. (2) In a temporally unstable habitat, this reproductive density response will not exist. Field studies utilizing Rubus hispidus and Rubus trivialis confirm the first prediction but not the second. In addition, cattle grazing and precipitation had a marked effect on mode of reproduction.
Influence of temperature, wetness period, plant age, and inoculum concentration on infection and development of Ascochyta blight of chickpea

The optimum temperature for infection and development of Ascochyta blight of chickpea, caused by Ascochyta rabiei, in 2-wk-old seedlings in controlled environment studies was about 20 C. At this temperature, 7.6 and 17 h of wetness were required for the pathogen to cause significant light and severe infection, respectively. Increasing wetness periods greater than 6 h during the infection period resulted in increased disease severity, regardless of the temperature. Some infection (9.6%) occurred even when plants did not receive a wetting period after inoculation (.)
Screening against Phomopsis Blight in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Eggplants are one of the horticultural crops that can be grown by rural farmers to generate additional income and hence reduce poverty (Khalil et al., 2013). It is available in the country throughout the year, especially during the lean period when the seasonal vegetables are in scarcity in the market. Eggplant is regarded as a cash crop. However, the crop is known to suffer from diseases and pest. Among the biotic factors, eggplants are attached by several pests (Fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodesor bonalis), Thrips (Thrips palmi), Leafhopper (Amrascabiguttula biguttula, Hishimonus phycitis), Aphids (Myzuspersicae, Aphis gossypii, Macrosiphum euphorbiae)] and disease (damping off (Pythium, Phytophtora and Rhizoctonia), Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 3 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Mechanisms of unplugged/MuSK-mediated neuromuscular synapse formation

Formation of neuromuscular connectivity involves proper navigation of motor axons from the spinal cord to their muscle targets as well as precise alignment of these motor axons with acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the muscle surface. One key molecular player in this process is the muscle specific kinase, unplugged/MuSK, which is expressed only in muscle cells. When activated by the nerve-derived ligand Agrin, Unplugged/MuSK triggers the accumulation of AChR clusters in the center of muscle fibers. Even before the arrival of motor axons, AChRs accumulate in the center of muscle fibers in an unplugged/MuSK-dependent manner and prefigure the sites of the first neuromuscular synapses. However, how Unplugged/MuSK activation translates into centralized AChR clustering is not well understood. The lab previously showed that Wnt11r acts through Unplugged/MuSK to restrict anueral AChR clusters and motor axons to the center of the muscle fiber. Despite a high efficiency of knockdown, the wnt11r knockdown phenotype was incompletely penetrant when compared to unplugged null mutants, which suggested that other Wnts might be contributing to unplugged/MuSK-mediated signaling. In this thesis work, I show that loss of two noncanonical Wnts, wnt11r and wnt4a, results in axon guidance errors as well as a complete loss of anueral AChR clusters, identical to the loss of the unplugged/MuSK receptor. In vivo, Wnt11r/4a initiate Unplugged/MuSK translocation from the muscle membrane to recycling endosomes, and this transition is critical for AChR localization to future synaptic sites. Moreover, I show that components of the planar cell polarity pathway colocalize to recycling endosomes, and that this localization is unplugged/MuSK dependent. Knockdown of several core components of the planar cell polarity pathway disrupts Unplugged/MuSK translocation to endosomes, AChR localization and axonal guidance. I propose that Wnt-induced trafficking of the Unplugged/MuSK receptor to endosomes initiates a signaling cascade to align prewith postsynaptic elements. Collectively, these findings suggest a general mechanism by which Wnt signals shape synaptic connectivity through localized receptor endocytosis. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Neuroscience First Advisor Michael Granato
Integration of Central, East, West Java and Jakartas Shallot Market

The purpose of this study was to know and analyze the shallot markets of Central Java with shallot markets in East Java, Jakarta, and West Java. The method of data analysis in this study is the Johansen Cointegration Test, Causality Test, and Vektor Error Correction Model (VECM). The data used is secondary data in the form of monthly sources from the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Agriculture. The results of the research are producer markets and consumer markets in Central Java are integrated, the Central Java producer market and the East Java consumer market, Jakarta consumer market, and West Java consumer market are integrated, the Central Java consumer market and East Java consumer market, Jakarta consumer market, and West Java consumer market are integrated. Based on the trial of the causality of market integration carried out is weak, only the consumer market integration of Central Java with East Java consumer market is strong. Based on the results of the VAR / VECM analysis shows that adjustment of the prices of shallots in Central Java producer market slower than adjustments of the price of Central Java, East Java, and Jakarta consumer markets. Efforts to overcome this problem can be done by increasing the implementation of policies on the floor price and the ceiling price.
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR Ser680Asn POLYMORPHISM IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY

Polymorphisms at codon 680 (Ser680Asn) of FSH receptor gene affected the basal FSH levels and sensitivity of FSH receptor to FSH exogenous in women undergoing assisted reproduction program in some ethnics in the world, while it could not proved in others. This study aims to determine the association of polymorphisms Ser680Asn in patients with polycystic ovary (PCO) in Indonesian population. The study involved 30 PCO patients and 30 normal women. Polymorphisms analysis was performed by PCR - RFLP. ELISA was used to detect FSH level. Statistical analysis was done by chi - square and t tests. This study shows the homozygote variant Ser/Ser is significantly different in distribution between patients and normal women where it is more frequent in PCO women. In normal women, the three allelic variant distributed normally. There is no significant different in FSH level in three genotipe between patients and normal women. Conclution: There is a significant different in genotype distribution of FSH receptor gene between PCO patients and normal women for polymorphism at codon 680 but it was not associated with FSH level.
Associations between carotid-femoral and heart-femoral pulse wave velocity in older adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities study.

BACKGROUND Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is widely used in epidemiological studies to assess central arterial stiffness. However, despite being superior to traditional risk factors in predicting cardiovascular outcomes, cfPWV is not routinely used in clinical practice. cfPWV assessments require applanation of the carotid artery, which can be cumbersome, and individual-level factors, including carotid artery plaque, may confound the measurements. Heart-femoral PWV (hfPWV) may be a suitable alternative measure of central arterial stiffness. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate the strength of the agreement between hfPWV and cfPWV. METHODS We evaluated 4133 older-aged [75.2 (5.0) years] African-American and white adults in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. cfPWV and hfPWV were measured using an automated cardiovascular screening device. Agreement between the two measurements was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), standard error of estimate (SEE) and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS There was a strong (r > 0.7) agreement between hfPWV and cfPWV (r = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.82-0.84). Although the mean cfPWV [11.5 m/s (SD: 3.0)] and hfPWV [11.5 m/s (SD: 2.3)] were comparable, the SEE was 1.7 m/s. Inspection of the Bland-Altman plot revealed greater variability and bias for higher PWV values, with higher PWV further away from the regression line. DISCUSSION Findings suggest good agreement between hfPWV and cfPWV. hfPWV is a simpler alternative to cfPWV that is less likely to be confounded by individual-level factors. Considering the greater variability for higher PWV values, further work is warranted to determine the importance of local artery mechanics to both measures.
The Role of Anxiety in the Relationship between Self-efficacy and Math Achievement

espanolEl estudio tiene como objetivo mejorar el conocimiento actual sobre como la relacion entre la capacidad matematica percibida y el rendimiento matematico puede estar mediada, o moderada, por el nivel de ansiedad ante las matematicas, teniendo en cuenta las habilidades intelectuales, el genero y el curso escolar. En el estudio participaron 2,245 estudiantes espanoles de 7o a 10o grado. Todos completaron las Escalas de Actitudes Matematicas Fennema-Sherman y la Escala de Inteligencia Triarquica de Sternberg. Los principales resultados mostraron que (i) la competencia percibida es un potente predictor de rendimiento matematico (cuanto mayor es la competencia percibida mejor es el rendimiento en matematicas), (ii) la ansiedad ante las matematicas media significativamente la relacion entre la competencia percibida y el rendimiento matematico (aunque el efecto sea pequeno) y (iii) el nivel de ansiedad condiciona la intensidad del efecto de la competencia percibida en el rendimiento matematico (a un nivel de ansiedad elevado el tamano del efecto de la relacion entre la competencia percibida y el logro es grande, mientras que a un nivel bajo el efecto es pequeno). EnglishThis study aims to improve current understanding of how the relationship between perceived math ability and math achievement may be mediated or moderated by levels of anxiety about math, considering intellectual abilities, gender, and school year. In this study, participants were 2,245 Spanish students (7th to 10th grade). All completed the FennemaSherman Mathematics Attitudes Scales and the Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test. The main results showed that (i) perceived competence is a potent predictor of achievement (the higher the perceived competence, the better the performance in mathematics), (ii) anxiety about mathematics significantly mediates the relationship between perceived competence and math achievement (although the effect is small), and (iii) levels of anxiety condition the intensity of the effect of perceived competence on math achievement (at high levels of anxiety the effect size of the relationship between perceived competence and achievement is large, whereas at low levels of anxiety the effect is small).
Late Miocene constrictional strain in the northern Apennines: A case study from the Barabarca metaconglomerate (Elba Island, Italy)

Finite strain analyses were performed on a deformed metaconglomerate from the Calamita Unit in the Island of Elba. The Calamita Unit is a synkinematic contact aureole that was shaped by Late Miocene contractional deformation coeval with high‐temperature metamorphism. The metaconglomerate occurs as an L‐tectonite in the footwall of a major thrust, entirely surrounded by S‐tectonites developed in schistose rocks. Object lineations, defined by the preferred orientation of clasts, trend subparallel to the stretching lineations in the associated rocks. Quartz microstructures registered ductile deformation of clasts by grain boundary migration to bulging recrystallization, suggesting temperature decrease during deformation. Rf/ϕ analyses were carried out on three metaconglomerate samples using quartzite clasts as markers. The finite strain data show that the metaconglomerates are strongly deformed in the constrictional field with K values between ~3 and ~7. The constrictional deformation registered by the metaconglomerate with respect to the surrounding metapelites, which likely deformed under plane strain, can be interpreted as the result of flow partitioning in rheologically heterogeneous sequences during deformation. These results suggest the presence of significant strain gradients in the Calamita Unit, strictly associated with heterogeneously distributed ductile shear zones.
Systematics of the new Australasian orb-weaving spider genus Backobourkia (Araneae: Araneidae: Araneinae)

Backobourkia, a new Australasian genus of orb-weaving spider (family Araneidae Clerck, 1758) is proposed with Backobourkia heroine (L. Koch, 1871) as type species. Two other species are included in the genus: B. brounii (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. (here removed from synonymy with B. heroine) and B. collina (Keyserling, 1886) comb. nov. (= Araneus reversus Hogg, 1914, new synonymy). A phylogenetic analysis places Backobourkia within the ‘coxal hook clade’ of the subfamily Araneinae Clerck, 1758 and close to Eriophora Simon, 1864; however, Backobourkia differs from other Australasian Araneinae by the proposed synapopomorphy of a long fl ange at the base of the median apophysis in males. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) supports the monophyly of Backobourkia in a limited dataset that includes exemplars of Australasian Araneidae and Eriophora ravilla (C.L. Koch, 1844) (type species of Eriophora Simon, 1864). Backobourkia brounii and B. heroine are sister taxa in this analysis. Backobourkia collina is unusual within the genus and amongst most Araneinae as it displays extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD), with females on average more than four times the size of males. Comparison with the other two Backobourkia species (and other Araneinae) suggests male dwarfi sm rather than female gigantism for this SSD. Some morphological differences of B. collina males to its congeners are evident, possibly due to its reduced size. These include characters of putative phylogenetic signal at the genus level such as eye position, shape of male pedipalp sclerites and the absence or presence of endite teeth or coxal hooks. Backobourkia species are common throughout Australia, with B. heroine more prevalent in the western and B. brounii in the eastern parts of the country. Backobourkia collina is mainly found throughout the arid regions. Backobourkia brounii is also found in New Zealand and B. heroine in New Caledonia. Araneus felinus (Butler, 1876), originally described as ‘Allied to E. heroine’, is here considered a nomen dubium as the type specimen appears to be lost and an accurate identifi cation based on the original description is not possible. The New Zealand Eriophora decorosa (Urquhart, 1894) is transferred to Acroaspis Karsch, 1878, A. decorosa (Urquhart, 1894) comb. nov.
How Do the Monsoon Trough and the Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Trough Affect Synoptic-Scale Waves: A Comparative Study

Using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, Joint Typhoon Warning Center best track, and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation data, two long-lasting synoptic-scale wave trains in 2004 and 2006 are selected to investigate the atmospheric factors controlling the structures of westward-propagating synoptic-scale disturbances over the tropical western North Pacific. The essential difference between these two wave trains is found in their vertical structures. In 2004, the maximum perturbations occurred from the middle to lower troposphere with an equivalent barotropic structure; however, in 2006, they primarily occurred in the upper troposphere with a prominent tilt regarding height. Distinct configurations of the monsoon troughs, the tropical upper-tropospheric troughs (TUTT), and associated vertical wind shear caused such structural differences. In 2004, the TUTT shifted eastward, creating an easterly sheared environment to confine synoptic-scale waves in the lower troposphere. Then, the monsoon trough enhanced the wave activity through barotropic energy conversion in the lower troposphere. In contrast, while the TUTT shifted westward in 2006, synoptic-scale waves prevailed in the upper troposphere by the environmental westerly shear. Meanwhile, the disturbances developed in the upper troposphere through to the conversion of kinetic energy from the TUTT, exhibiting a top-heavy vertical structure. The coherent movement of the monsoon trough and the TUTT modulate the vertical structure and the development of the synopticscale waves. Corresponding author: Liang Wu, Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. BOX 2718, Beijing 100190, China E-mail: wul@mail.iap. ac.cn J-stage Advance Published Date: 9 April 2020 Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Vol. 98, No. 4 736
The use of citric acid and NPK fertilizer to enhance phytoextraction of nickel by Bajo starfruit plant (Sarcotheca celebica Veldk.)

Bajo starfruit is a wild plant that commonly grows in nickel mining areas and it is known to have the ability to take up Ni metal from the soil, even though its Ni uptake ability is still relatively low. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of the application of citric acid and NPK fertilizer on the ability of Bajo starfruit plant in phytoextraction of Ni from post nickel mining land. Citric acid as a ligand is expected to enhance the availability of Ni in the soil so that Ni uptake by plants increases, while NPK fertilizer is expected to enhance crop biomass production. The treatments tested were combinations of four doses of citric acid (0, 1, 2 and 3 g of citric acid/kg of soil) with two doses of NPK fertilizer (0, and 1.33 g/kg of soil) . Eight treatments were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer without citric acid increased the number of leaves and dry weight of plants. After the growth of Bajo starfruit for 25 weeks, the application of 3 g citric acid/kg of soil without application of NPK fertilizer reduced the total soil Ni from 8926 ppm to 2400 ppm i.e.73.11%. Application of 2 g citric acid/kg of soil and 1.33 g NPK fertilizer/kg of soil resulted in Ni uptake by 118.18 mg/plant or increased by 38.61% compared to control. Application of 2 g citric acid/kg of soil without application of NPK fertilizer increased the BCF value of Bajo starfruit for nickel from 0.032 (control) to 0.035. However, treatments without the application of citric acid and fertilizer resulted in a higher TF value (13.9).
The early development of the halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.), compared with other marine teleosts

Eggs were artificially fertilized and incubated in seawater of various salinities and temperatures. Both the ultrastructure of the exceptionally large eggs (average diameter: 2.92 mm) and the embryonic development suggest that the early developmental stages of the halibut are pelagic. Light and electron microscope studies of the halibut eggs showed a thin, homogeneous, lamellated chorion with small pores on the outer surface. However, neutral buoyancy determinations indicated that eggs would float only in salinities greater than c. 37 ‰. The halibut embryo, which develops very slowly, hatches at an apparently premature stage.
On Some Sacral Anomalies in Laboratory Common Platanna ( Xenopus laevis )

A new variant of abnormal sacral structure in Anura is described: the sacral diapophyses are completely absent on one or both sides, the hind limbs and the pelvic arch are developed quite normally. This anomaly was found in 4 froglings of Xenopus laevis from two laboratory series obtained from different breeders. That compels one to modify the notion about the leading part of the ilium in the sacrum morphogenesis.
Extended reading: college students’ attitudes In selecting reading materials

Appraising the trend that students are welcomed to independently make their own choices in learning, this study investigated college students’ preferences and considerations on self-chosen materials for extended reading (ER). A survey was conducted on 32 college students majoring in ELT who has taken reading courses. The survey consisted of ten questions, all related to their preferences and considerations in choosing the materials to read for ER activities. The results extracted led to the conclusions that authentic materials are more favorable over graded readers, and the difficulty level of the text considered as the foremost priority. Interested researchers are apprised to conduct an experiment that allows better and deeper analysis to gain insights on providing materials for ER in the EFL contexts for the students to select by themselves.
Species–area relationships of primates in tropical forest fragments: a global analysis

Summary 1 While in general the tropics and large-bodied tropical forest mammals are poorly understood, the effects of fragmentation on tropical forest and the tropical mammalian order of primates are relatively well studied. Nevertheless, no quantitative synthesis exists of the response of primates to habitat fragmentation. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of the literature on the species–area relationships of primates in forest fragments in order to investigate regularities and differences among continents and sites. 2 The sample comprised 136 forest fragments (≤ 100 km2) at 33 sites in four continents (Africa, Asia, Madagascar and South America). We conducted our analysis at three spatial scales: global, continent and site. As richness (number of species) per site varied, we analysed both richness and proportional richness by area. 3 Study sites and size of fragments were unequally distributed across the globe. South America had three times as many sites as any other continent, for which we found less than 10 sites each. Fragment size was small in all continents (global median 1·0 km2). 4 Despite considerable noise in the data, primate richness and proportional richness generally declined significantly and linearly with fragment area at all spatial scales except in Africa. 5 Neither isolation (distance of fragment from main forest block) nor age of fragment was an obvious influence on proportional richness. However, the global median isolation was only 2 km. 6 Synthesis and applications. Fragmentation of habitat clearly threatens the survival of primates. However, study of the effects of fragmentation on primates might be directed in the wrong place. Estimates of minimum area requirements for primate species exceed tens of km2, yet most forest fragments studied measure less than 1 km2. Both to elucidate the biology of contrasts between species in susceptibility to fragmentation and to use research sites for associated conservation efforts, it might be better to direct more attention to fragments of a size in which long-term persistence of some species is possible.