Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attribution and Adaptation : The Case of Social Norms and Emotion in Human-Agent Interaction

Adapting interface agents’ behaviors to cognitive user states and processes is a difficult task. It is briefly outlined how other properties of the user can additionally be utilized to make human-agent interaction more social. Socialstructural implications, categorizations, and social norms are crucial factors in interpersonal interactions. Sociological theory analyzes and provides conceptualizations of social environments. We propose to use these theories in human-computer interaction in order to account for the peculiarities of specific social worlds. We illustrate the potential of sociological theory by giving an example of the interrelation between social norms and emotion. To do this, an existing emotional assistant agent is described.
Learning and Inference for Hierarchically Split PCFGs

Treebank parsing can be seen as the search for an optimally refined grammar consistent with a coarse training treebank. We describe a method in which a minimal grammar is hierarchically refined using EM to give accurate, compact grammars. The resulting grammars are extremely compact compared to other high-performance parsers, yet the parser gives the best published accuracies on several languages, as well as the best generative parsing numbers in English. In addition, we give an associated coarse-to-fine inference scheme which vastly improves inference time with no loss in test set accuracy.
Distributions of Microbial Activities in Deep Subseafloor Sediments

Diverse microbial communities and numerous energy-yielding activities occur in deeply buried sediments of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Distributions of metabolic activities often deviate from the standard model. Rates of activities, cell concentrations, and populations of cultured bacteria vary consistently from one subseafloor environment to another. Net rates of major activities principally rely on electron acceptors and electron donors from the photosynthetic surface world. At open-ocean sites, nitrate and oxygen are supplied to the deepest sedimentary communities through the underlying basaltic aquifer. In turn, these sedimentary communities may supply dissolved electron donors and nutrients to the underlying crustal biosphere.
Performance evaluation and asymptotics for Content Delivery Networks

Large scale Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are one of the key components of today's information infrastructure. This paper proposes and analyzes a simple stochastic model for a file-server system wherein servers can work together, as a pooled resource, to meet individual user requests. In such systems basic questions include: How and where to replicate files? What is the impact of dynamic service allocation across request types, and whether it can provide substantial gains over simpler load balancing policies? What are tradeoffs amongst performance, reliability and recovery costs, and energy? The paper provides both explicit and asymptotic approximations for large systems towards addressing these basic questions.
Ellipsoidal unfalsified control: stability

Unfalsified control is a direct data-driven, plant-model-free controller design method, which recursively falsifies controllers that fail to meet the required performance specification, making them ineligible to actually control the plant. In this paper it is shown that sufficient conditions for stability can be derived for unfalsified control with an ellipsoidal unfalsified set, ellipsoidal unfalsified control (EUC), under the mild assumption that there exists at least some region in the original candidate controller pool, which contains controllers that meet the performance specifications. One of these conditions is a finite number of controller switches, which is guaranteed by imposing a maximum volume ratio between two consecutive ellipsoidal unfalsified sets
A self-clocked ASIC interface for MEMS gyroscope with 1m°/s/√Hz noise floor

An interface for MEMS gyroscope is implemented in 0. 18µm HVCMOS technology, and achieves a low noise floor of 1m°/sec/√Hz over 200Hz BW. Electromechanical ΣΔ force-feedback and self-clocking scheme based on gyro resonance are implemented. The interface includes on-chip reference generation, decimation, and temperature compensation.
Performance analysis of AF relaying cooperative systems with relay selection over double Rayleigh fading channels

In this paper, a performance analysis of amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying cooperative diversity system with relay selection is analyzed when source and destination are moving while relays are access point. We have derived analytical expressions for probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF) and moment generating function (MGF) of end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the considered system. By using the CDF expression, the outage probability (Pout) of considered system is obtained. Then, the symbol error rate performance (SER) of the system is calculated for MPSK modulation assuming the source-to-destination link has double Rayleigh distribution while the source-to-relays and the relays-to-destination links have Rayleigh distribution.
Development of a Dynamic Simulation Model for Performance Prediction of Photobioreactors in Biological Life Support Systems for Human Spaceflight

The use of physico-chemical life support systems will be a limiting factor on future long-duration human spaceflight missions due to the lack of frequent resupply capability. Cultivation of algae in a photobioreactor is a promising bioregenerative alternative for combined air revitalization, waste water treatment, and food supplement production. This thesis presents the development of a dynamic growth model for the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The model can dynamically react to the varying influences of carbon dioxide and nutrient availability for photosynthesis, growth medium pH, temperature, carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration in the medium and the availability of photosynthetic active radiation. Complex sub-models for the representation of pH changes in the growth medium and the propagation of photosynthetically active radiation through a photobioreactor geometry at varying biomass concentrations are also part of the overall model. Experiments are conducted and presented in this thesis, which generate data in areas where literature sources show a large variance or only scarce data is available. The experimental results in the areas of growth rate determination, varying radiation attenuation in a growing microalgal culture and required surface irradiances for optimum growth are integrated into the model to increase its confidence level. The Chlorella vulgaris growth model is implemented in V-HAB, a MATLAB based life support system simulation tool, which has been under development at the Institute of Astronautics at the Technical University of Munich since 2006. In the V-HAB environment, the growth model is implemented in a newly designed high-efficiency photobioreactor developed at the University of Colorado Boulder and integrated in a simulated cabin environment with a sophisticated human model in the loop. The combination of the algae model in a photobioreactor and the borad functionalities of the V-HAB simulation environment allows the simulation of a biological life support system for future human spaceflight missions. The simulated system is able to reach 100 % air revitalization and urine processing capability, as well as some food supplement production. With an optimistic growth model an algal culture volume of 21.5 liters or 32 liters is required depending on the attainable flow channel thickness, with a more pessimistic one, 500 liters are necessary to support one human in terms of air revitalization and urine processing. Furthermore, the developed model is shown to have the capability of optimizing photobioreactor-designs and operational decisions such as the overall growth volume, culture depth, optimum continuous biomass concentration, the profile of provided photosynthetically active radiation and air supply parameters.
Incentives for Global Public Health: A prize system as a partial solution to the health crisis in the developing world

INTRODUCTION . 1 I. PRIZES: A GENERAL FRAMEWORK . 3 A. Opportunities. 3 B. Hazards. 12 II. OPTIMAL DESIGN. 21 A. Defining the Contest . 21 B. The Nature and Size of the Prize. 28 C. The Relationship between the Prize System and the Patent System. 57 D. Managing Redundancy . 66 E. Sequential Innovation. 72 F. Incrementally Modified Drug Produts. 78 G. Geographic Scope . 82 CONCLUSION. 84
Modelowanie wód podziemnych na terenach górniczych z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania FEFLOW

mining areas is a challenging and very complex issue. Despite the fact, models play an increasingly common role in mine water management. The aim of the paper is to present and illustrate theoretical aspects and practical strategies facilitating groundwater model set-up for mine sites by means of FEFLOW software. FEFLOW solved governing equations based on finite elements methods, which enables users to create models with very flexible meshing strategies including time-varying geometries. Unstructured and structured mesh generators allow creating very complex geological settings and with complex geometrical designs, as found for example in mine dewatering (open-cast geometry, inclined dewatering wells, inclined faults), or underground structures (pipes, tunnels, shafts etc.). In order to obtain reliable results and reduce uncertainty in provided forecast for mine sites, groundwater models often should be developed for transient condition and involve unsaturated flow and transport, fracture flow, density effects, chemical reactions, or time-varying behaviour of boundary conditions and material properties (such as conductivity or porosity). FEFLOW enables groundwater modeller set-up these all physical processes and via plug-ins extended functionality by integrated FEFLOW models with other models: geochemical (PHREEQC), watershed (MIKE 11, Hydro River) or develop user own plug-ins. Considering the above, FEFLOW seems to be appropriate software for accurate and reliable models development for mine sites, and an interesting alternative for more widely used MODFLOW models in Poland.
Sequential trajectory re-planning with tactile information gain for dexterous grasping under object-pose uncertainty

Dexterous grasping of objects with uncertain pose is a hard unsolved problem in robotics. This paper solves this problem using information gain re-planning. First we show how tactile information, acquired during a failed attempt to grasp an object can be used to refine the estimate of that object's pose. Second, we show how this information can be used to replan new reach to grasp trajectories for successive grasp attempts. Finally we show how reach-to-grasp trajectories can be modified, so that they maximise the expected tactile information gain, while simultaneously delivering the hand to the grasp configuration that is most likely to succeed. Our main novel outcome is thus to enable tactile information gain planning for Dexterous, high degree of freedom (DoFs) manipulators. We achieve this using a combination of information gain planning, hierarchical probabilistic roadmap planning, and belief updating from tactile sensors for objects with non-Gaussian pose uncertainty in 6 dimensions. The method is demonstrated in trials with simulated robots. Sequential replanning is shown to achieve a greater success rate than single grasp attempts, and trajectories that maximise information gain require fewer re-planning iterations than conventional planning methods before a grasp is achieved.
New developments in the diagnosis of dementia.

BACKGROUND The terms "dementia" and "Alzheimer's disease" are often wrongly used as if they were synonyms. Dementia is a clinical syndrome whose main element is memory impairment; it is due to Alzheimer's disease in more than 75% of cases. Alzheimer's disease, on the other hand, is a neuropathological entity that is characterized by a protracted preclinical phase followed by the onset of slowly progressive dementia. METHODS We here review relevant literature that we retrieved by a selective Medline search (2005-2009), paying special attention to the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, its clinical manifestations, and its relevance in primary care. RESULTS The early clinical manifestations of a dementing illness can be detected in primary care through the use of simple screening tests such as the mini mental state examination, clock drawing tests, and DemTect. A diminished concentration of Abeta-peptide and an increase of (phospho-)tau in the cerebrospinal fluid can suggest the presence of Alzheimer's disease even before the onset of dementia: these substances are components of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which are the characteristic neuropathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease. New types of morphological magnetic resonsance imaging (MRI), and automated analysis of the images obtained, can improve the consistency of radiological assessment over the traditional visual method and thus enable more secure diagnosis. CONCLUSION The early, preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease involves what has been termed mild cognitive impairment and may last as long as five years until the onset of dementia. With the aid of the new biomarkers described here, the likelihood of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease correctly in this phase can be raised above 80%. Early detection of Alzheimer's disease before the onset of dementia provides an opportunity to study potential approaches for secondary prevention, which are now an object of intense clinical research.
Managing self congruity to influence behavioral intention in organic food contexts in Fujian province, China

Regarding China, this country is considered as one of the most potential markets in terms of economic growth and population expansion in organic food. Due to the improvement in living standards such as increase in income and healthy consciousness, Chinese consumers start to focus more on food quality, and hence create the chance for the development of organic food market. How to attract consumers’ attention has become an emergency issue for both academia and practioners. This study was aims at investigating the effects of gender on self congruity- behavioral intention relationships. Questionnaire survey was employed for collecting data and 200 valid samples were received from those consumers in Fujian province, China. Findings show that self congruity has significantly positive impacts on behavioral intention. However the effects of gender on self congruity- behavioral intention relationships were not significant. Firms should hold more family reunions of organic food in order to enhance its image and maintain the interaction and linkage among consumers.
Multitasking effect 1 RUNNING HEAD : MULTITASKING EFFECT Situational Factors Competing for Attention : The Interaction Effect of Multitasking and Sexually Explicit Content on TV Recognition

Multitasking effect 2 Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate how multitasking interacts with levels of sexually explicit content to influence an individual's ability to recognize TV content. A 2 (multitasking vs. non-multitasking) by 3 (low, medium and high sexual content) between-subjects experiment was conducted. The analyses revealed that multitasking not only impaired task performance but also decreased TV recognition. An inverted-U relationship between degree of sexually explicit content and recognition of TV content was found, but only when subjects were multitasking. In addition, multitasking interfered with subjects' ability to recognize audio information more than their ability to recognize visual information. Multitasking effect 3 Multitasking with media (heretofore multitasking), that is, using media while engaging in one or more other non-media activity, is found to be popular among youth. The Middletown Media Studies (2005a, 2005b) suggest that, based on observational data, media were often used with other life activities: 32.0% of newspaper reading, 39.7% of magazine time, 46.2% of TV watching, 58.6% of web surfing, and 75.6% of radio listening were accompanied by other non-media activity. Similarly, Foehr (2006) reported that among American youth, 45% of TV watching, 58% of music listening and 63% of websites use occurred during multitasking. A recent diary study of 14-to 22-year-olds (Jeong et al., 2005) found that 76% of the time respondents were using media they were also involved in one or more other activities (i.e., they were multitasking). Very few studies have explored multitasking's influence on attention paid to media. One exception was a study by Pezdek and Hartman (1983) who found that audience behaviors such as playing with a toy while watching TV reduced the recognition of TV content. Ignoring the situational factors that are present during media use raises important questions about the estimation of media effects, such as the effects of sexually explicit content. Researchers have found an increasing amount of sexual messages, including depictions of sexual risk and responsibility topics, were rarely addressed (Eyal, Kunkel, Biely, & Finnerty, 2007). Given the widely held belief that the sexual messages conveyed in the media are shaping adolescents and young adults' beliefs, attitudes, norms and intentions to have sex (Hennessy, Bleakley, Busse, & Fishbein, 2008), we can understand why sex in the media has been a concern of both parents and educators. Findings regarding the effects of exposure to sexual content suggested that exposure may influence a number of outcome …
Surface Rupture of Multiple Crustal Faults in the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake

Multiple (>20 >20 ) crustal faults ruptured to the ground surface and seafloor in the 14 November 2016 M w Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake, and many have been documented in detail, providing an opportunity to understand the factors controlling multifault ruptures, including the role of the subduction interface. We present a summary of the surface ruptures, as well as previous knowledge including paleoseismic data, and use these data and a 3D geological model to calculate cumulative geological moment magnitudes (M G w MwG ) and seismic moments for comparison with those from geophysical datasets. The earthquake ruptured faults with a wide range of orientations, sense of movement, slip rates, and recurrence intervals, and crossed a tectonic domain boundary, the Hope fault. The maximum net surface displacement was ∼12 m ∼12 m on the Kekerengu and the Papatea faults, and average displacements for the major faults were 0.7–1.5 m south of the Hope fault, and 5.5–6.4 m to the north. M G w MwG using two different methods are M G w MwG 7.7 +0.3 −0.2 7.7−0.2+0.3 and the seismic moment is 33%–67% of geophysical datasets. However, these are minimum values and a best estimate M G w MwG incorporating probable larger slip at depth, a 20 km seismogenic depth, and likely listric geometry is M G w MwG 7.8±0.2 7.8±0.2 , suggests ≤32% ≤32% of the moment may be attributed to slip on the subduction interface and/or a midcrustal detachment. Likely factors contributing to multifault rupture in the Kaikōura earthquake include (1) the presence of the subduction interface, (2) physical linkages between faults, (3) rupture of geologically immature faults in the south, and (4) inherited geological structure. The estimated recurrence interval for the Kaikōura earthquake is ≥5,000–10,000 yrs ≥5,000–10,000 yrs , and so it is a relatively rare event. Nevertheless, these findings support the need for continued advances in seismic hazard modeling to ensure that they incorporate multifault ruptures that cross tectonic domain boundaries.
Overlay Networks Construction for Multilayered Live Media Streaming

Live peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming has become a promising approach to broadcasting non-interactive streaming media content from a server to a large number of interested clients. It still faces many challenges, however, such as high churn rate of peer clients, uplink bandwidth constrains of participating peers, and heterogeneity of client capacities. This paper presents LSONet, a collaborative peer-to-peer streaming framework for scalable layer-encoded bit streams. For achieving higher streaming quality and resilient to peer churn, this paper employs a mesh-based data-driven scheme for partnership formation, and proposes two algorithms, optimal transmission policy (DTP) and graceful degradation scheme (GDS), for multi-layers allocation. Extensive simulations show that LSONet achieves higher quality of service thanks to peer-assisted streaming and layered video coding. Also, through comparison, results show that the system outperforms previous scheme in resource utilization and control overhead
Jumping mechanisms in flatid planthoppers (Hemiptera, Flatidae)

The jumping performance of three species of hemipterans from Australia and Europe belonging to the family Flatidae was analysed from images captured at a rate of 5000 s−1. The shape of a flatid was dominated by large triangular or wedge-shaped front wings, which, when folded, covered and extended above and behind the body to give a laterally compressed and possibly streamlined appearance. The body lengths of the three species of adults ranged from 7 to 9 mm and their mass from 8 to 19 mg. The propulsive hind legs were 30% longer than the front legs but only 36–54% of the body length. Jumps with the fastest take-off velocities of 2.8–3.2 m s−1 had acceleration times of 1.4–1.8 ms. During such jumps, adults experienced an acceleration of 174–200 g. These jumps required an energy expenditure of 76–225 μJ, a power output of 13–60 mW and exerted a force of 9–37 mN. The required power output per mass of jumping muscle in adults ranged from 24,000 to 27,000 W kg−1 muscle, 100 times greater than the maximum active contractile limit of normal muscle. The free-living nymphs were also proficient jumpers, reaching take-off velocities of 2.2 m s−1. To achieve such a jumping performance requires a power amplification mechanism. The energy store for such a mechanism was identified as the internal skeleton linking a hind coxa to the articulation of a hind wing. These pleural arches fluoresced bright blue when illuminated with UV light, indicating the presence of the elastic protein resilin. The energy generated by the prolonged contractions of the trochanteral depressor muscles was stored in distortions of these structures, and the rapid elastic recoil of these muscles powered the synchronous propulsive movements of the hind legs.
International Union of Pharmacology. XLIII. Compendium of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: Transient Receptor Potential Channels

The transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are six transmembrane-containing subunits that combine to form cation-selective ion channels. TRP channels are present in yeast, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals. They are widely distributed and sense local changes in stimuli ranging from light to temperature and osmolarity. Mammals contain at least 22 distinct genes encoding these ion channels. This summary article presents an overview of the molecular relationships among the TRP channels and a standard nomenclature for them, which is derived from the IUPHAR Compendium of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels.1 The complete Compendium, including data tables for each member of the TRP channel family, can be found at http://www.iuphar-db.org/iuphar-ic/.