Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON TAX AVOIDANCE

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure, independent board of commissioners, audit committee, and audit quality on tax avoidance. This type of research used in this study is casual associative research (causal associative research). The population in this study are property, real estate, and building construction companies which are included in the Kompas 100 index which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2013-2018. Sample selection with purposive sampling method. The analytical method used to test hypotheses is the multiple regression test. The results showed that: 1) Variable disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility affects tax avoidance in a negative direction, 2) Variables independent board of commissioners influence the tax avoidance in a negative direction; 3) The audit committee variable has no effect on tax avoidance; and 4) Variable audit quality does not affect tax avoidance.
Antimicrobial resistance, treatment and outcome

10 Abbreviations . 12 Definitions . 13 Original papers . 14 Introduction . 15 Background . 16 Antibiotic consumption . 16 Antimicrobial resistance . 18 Urinary tract infection . 21 Treatment guidelines for urinary tract infection . 26 Urinary tract infection in primary care . 32 Aims . 33 General aim . 33 Specific aims . 33 Material and Methods . 34 Paper I . 34 Paper II and III . 36 Paper IV . 38 Ethical considerations . 41 Results . 42 Main findings . 42 Adherence to treatment guidelines in patients with urinary tract infection (Paper I) . 42 Uncomplicated urinary tract infection, women in primary health care; etiology, resistance and treatment (Paper II) . 44 Presentation and clinical outcome of urinary tract infection, women in primary health care (Paper III) . 46 Different antibiotic regimes in men diagnosed with urinary tract infection-a retrospective register-based study (Paper IV) . 48
Modern vegetation proxies reflect Palaeogene and Neogene vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia

Recently two tools, Drudge 1 and 2, were introduced to more easily assess modern vegetation proxies for the fossil record. They are based on three similarities: the Integrated Plant Record (IPR) Similarity assessing the similarity between fossil assemblages and modern vegetation based on the proportion of major zonal angiosperm components; the Taxonomic Similarity (TS) reflecting the similarity based on the coincidence of genera among the fossil record and modern vegetation; and the combination of both similarities (Results Mix). In this paper, we apply Drudge 1 and 2 to 54 fossil plant assemblages from Europe, Turkey, and Armenia covering the time span from the early Eocene to the Pleistocene. For every fossil plant assemblage, a set of 25 proxies (modern vegetation units) is derived by the Drudges, reflecting its physiognomy and floristic composition. The results for all fossil plant assemblages feature the overall vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia providing deeper insight into the relationships of the fossil record to the modern Asian and European vegetation. This study strives to provide an improved understanding of the Palaeogene/Neogene vegetation evolution in Europe and Asia beyond the community of specialists. Our results can help model future scenarios. They also improve our understanding of how climate change may affect vegetation and more broadly ecosystems as a whole. Johanna Kovar-Eder. State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. johanna.eder@smns-bw.de Petr Mazouch. Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic. mazouchp@vse.cz Vasilis Teodoridis. Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. vasilis.teodoridis@pedf.cuni. cz Anita Roth-Nebelsick. State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.de KOVAR-EDER ET AL.: VEGETATION EVOLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE 2 Christopher Traiser. University Tübingen, Departement of Geoscience, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. christopher.traiser@uni-tuebingen.de Janina Wypich. State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. janina.wypich@smns-bw.de
Phytochemical screening and quantitative analysis of locally used medicinal plants of Western Himalayas

Plants have been well known for their medicinal uses for thousands of years and traditional medicines are still a major part of habitual treatments in different parts of the world. Medicinal plants are used since ancient times for treating different ailments and providing valuable drugs such as analgesics (morphine), antihypertensives (reserpine), cardiotonics (digoxin) and antimalarials (quinine and artemisinin). The discovery of medicinal plants helps in achieving the new targets in treating various diseases like cancer, malaria and neurological disorders. Herbs proved to be the only solutions to treat a large number of health-related problems. Most of the recent drugs are obtained in one or other way from plants. These medicinal plants contain a biologically active, naturally occurring chemical compounds known as phytochemicals which provide health benefits and protect the human cell from any type of damage. Phytochemical screenings of the medicinal plants have contributed to the discovery of the new drugs. In our present investigation an attempt has been made to screen out the bioactive compounds of three selected plants and further they had been subjected to quantitative analysis for estimation of different parameters.
A large, pathological skeleton of Smilosuchus gregorii (Archosauriformes: Phytosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Arizona, U.S.A., with discussion of the paleobiological implications of paleopathology in fossil archosauromorphs

Phytosaurs were a widespread clade of Triassic predatory archosauriforms whose skull anatomy is well known, but whose paleobiology is underexplored. Here we report on a well-preserved specimen from Adamanian (early–mid-Norian) strata in Arizona that includes not only the skull and lower jaws but much of the postcranial skeleton, which exhibits extensive evidence of pathologies. This specimen has a complex taxonomic history, and we verify its referral to Smilosuchus gregorii based on multiple cranial characters. The shafts of eight limb bones preserve extensive exostoses—more paleopathological elements than in any other Triassic archosauromorph. These exostoses are often centered on cavitations reminiscent of draining tracts. Extensive, irregular, proliferative lesions have completely engulfed the left deltopectoral crest and thoroughly altered the architecture of both femora. The animal’s presumed low metabolic rate would have allowed several months of lesion progression before it died of either nutritional deficiency or systemic infection. This is the fourth, and by far the most extensive, report of pathology in a phytosaur, and only the eighth in a non-dinosaurian Triassic archosauromorph. The character and location of the lesions evokes aspects of both osteomyelitis and hypertrophic osteopathy—though neither is fully consistent with the changes present, nor are these conditions well-explored in extant reptiles. The most likely cause of the pathologies exhibited here is osteomyelitis; indeed, this specimen bears more osteomyelitis-like paleopathological elements than any other fossil archosaur. Andrew B. Heckert. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, ASU Box 32067, Boone, North Carolina 28608-2067 USA. heckertab@appstate.edu Tabitha C. Viner. USFWS National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, 1490 E. Main St. Ashland, Oregon 97520, USA. tabitha_viner@fws.gov Matthew T. Carrano. Department of Paleobiology, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 121, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. carranom@si.edu HECKERT, VINER, & CARRANO: PATHOLOGICAL PHYTOSAUR 2
Accelerated Seeding for Genome Sequence Alignment with Enumerated Radix Trees

Read alignment is a time-consuming step in genome sequencing analysis. The most widely used software for read alignment, BWA-MEM, and the recently published faster version BWA-MEM2 are based on the seed-and-extend paradigm for read alignment. The seeding step of read alignment is a major bottleneck contributing ~40% to the overall execution time of BWA-MEM2 when aligning whole human genome reads from the Platinum Genomes dataset. This is because both BWA-MEM and BWA-MEM2 use a compressed index structure called the FMD-Index, which results in high bandwidth requirements, primarily due to its character-by-character processing of reads. For instance, to seed each read (101 DNA base-pairs stored in 37.8 bytes), the FMD-Index solution in BWA-MEM2 requires ~68.5 KB of index data.We propose a novel indexing data structure named Enumerated Radix Tree (ERT) and design a custom seeding accelerator based on it. ERT improves bandwidth efficiency of BWA-MEM2 by 4.5× while guaranteeing 100% identical output to the original software, and still fitting in 64 GB DRAM. Overall, the proposed seeding accelerator implemented on AWS F1 FPGA (f1.4xlarge) improves seeding throughput of BWA-MEM2 by 3.3×. When combined with seed-extension accelerators, we observe a 2.1× improvement in overall read alignment throughput over BWA-MEM2. The software implementation of ERT is integrated into BWA-MEM2 (ert branch: https://github.com/bwa-mem2/bwa-mem2/tree/ert) and is open sourced for the benefit of the research community.
Antioxidant activity of phenols and flavonoids contents of aqueous extract of Salvia Officinalis origin in the North-East Morocco

Oxidative stress is responsible for several diseases. This phenomen has moved researchers into action in looking for new remedies «antioxidants». The aim of this work was to characterize the phenols and flavonoids compounds of extracts of Salvia Officinalis from North-East Morocco ( TAZA ) in terms of antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activityof this aromatic plant was determined according to the DPPH radical scavenging assay to suggest it as a new potential source of natural antioxidants. The quantification of phenolics and flavonoids compounds of solvent extracts (diethyl ether and ethyl acetate) were determined spectrometrically. Furthermore, The DPPH scavenging activity of extracts increased in the order diethyl ether extract < ethyl acetate extract < ascorbic acid. Finally, we suggest that the phenols and flavonoids compounds of Salvia Officinalis has significant potential as a natural antioxidant.
Mycobiota dysbiosis and gastric tumorigenesis

The gastrointestinal tract contains a vast and diverse microbial reservoir composed of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that contribute positively to human health. There is growing evidence that perturbation of the normal microbiota can promote a variety of human disease states that include tumorigenesis. Whether the fungal component of the gut microbiota (i.e., the mycobiota) can influence tumor development has not been investigated in detail. In the recent issue of the Theranostics, Zhong et al (2021) shed light on an association between mycobiota dysbiosis and gastric cancer. These findings implicate the mycobiota in gastric carcinogenesis and set the stage for future mechanistic studies to explore whether fungal dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of gastric carcinogenesis, with important implications for preventative strategies.
Lysine Methyltransferase Inhibitors Impair H4K20me2 and 53BP1 Foci in Response to DNA Damage in Sarcomas, a Synthetic Lethality Strategy

Background Chromatin is dynamically remodeled to adapt to all DNA-related processes, including DNA damage responses (DDR). This adaptation requires DNA and histone epigenetic modifications, which are mediated by several types of enzymes; among them are lysine methyltransferases (KMTs). Methods KMT inhibitors, chaetocin and tazemetostat (TZM), were used to study their role in the DDR induced by ionizing radiation or doxorubicin in two human sarcoma cells lines. The effect of these KMT inhibitors was tested by the analysis of chromatin epigenetic modifications, H4K16ac and H4K20me2. DDR was monitored by the formation of γH2AX, MDC1, NBS1 and 53BP1 foci, and the induction of apoptosis. Results Chaetocin and tazemetostat treatments caused a significant increase of H4K16 acetylation, associated with chromatin relaxation, and increased DNA damage, detected by the labeling of free DNA-ends. These inhibitors significantly reduced H4K20 dimethylation levels in response to DNA damage and impaired the recruitment of 53BP1, but not of MDC1 and NBS1, at DNA damaged sites. This modification of epigenetic marks prevents DNA repair by the NHEJ pathway and leads to cell death. Conclusion KMT inhibitors could function as sensitizers to DNA damage-based therapies and be used in novel synthetic lethality strategies for sarcoma treatment.
Enhancement of cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis by cationic nano-liposome formulation of n-butylidenephthalide in breast cancer cells

Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women. Current clinical therapy for breast cancer has many disadvantages, including metastasis, recurrence, and poor quality of life. Furthermore, it is necessary to find a new therapeutic drug for breast cancer patients to meet clinical demand. n-Butylidenephthalide (BP) is a natural and hydrophobic compound that can inhibit several tumors. However, BP is unstable in aqueous or protein-rich environments, which reduces the activity of BP. Therefore, we used an LPPC (Lipo-PEG-PEI complex) that can encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds to improve the limitation of BP. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor mechanisms of BP and BP/LPPC and further test the efficacy of BP encapsulated by LPPC on SK-BR-3 cells. BP inhibited breast cancer cell growth, and LPPC encapsulation (BP/LPPC complex) enhanced the cytotoxicity on breast cancer by stabilizing the BP activity and offering endocytic pathways. Additionally, BP and LPPC-encapsulated BP induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and might trigger both extrinsic as well as intrinsic cell apoptosis pathway, resulting in cell death. Moreover, the BP/LPPC complex had a synergistic effect with doxorubicin of enhancing the inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells. Consequently, LPPC-encapsulated BP could improve the anti-cancer effects on breast cancer in vitro. In conclusion, BP exhibited an anti-cancer effect on breast cancer cells, and LPPC encapsulation efficiently improved the cytotoxicity of BP via an acceleration of entrapment efficiency to induce cell cycle block and apoptosis. Furthermore, BP/LPPC exhibited a synergistic effect in combination with doxorubicin.
Osteoarthritis: An Impression and Appropriate Treatment with Allusion to Diacerein

Despite the growing supremacy of OA (Osteoarthritis), many unpredictability exist inhere with its management. Many suggested risk aspects are characterized by extreme loading of vulnerable joint structures. Clinical examination should include an exploration of joint function and the effect of variable risks such as malalignment, muscle strength, and obesity. Braces, footwear, exercises, and starving are given to heighten the scattering of loads on the joints and to diminish the probability that OA and its symptoms will deteriorate. In this conventional methodology, pharmaceuticals of low toxicity are chosen and are specified only when other approaches fail to attain functional improvement. Attention to these issues in dealing with the patient who has OA is acute to lighten the increasing load of OA among older adults. The global analysis of randomized controlled clinical studies and meta-analyses confirmed the usefulness of diacerein in the treatment of knee and hip OA. The use of diacerein is allied with common gastrointestinal syndromes (frequently soft stools and diarrhea), mild skin responses, and unusual hepatobiliary ailments. Recurrent cases of severe diarrhea and occasional cases of potentially serious hepatotoxicity were stated; a risk of cutaneous drug replies could not be excluded. In order to abate this threat, it is suggested to start diacerein management with half the acclaimed dose (50 mg/day) for the first 2–4 weeks, the laxative assets of diacerein being dose-dependent. In the identical perception, starting a management with diacerein is not suggested in patients older than 65 years who are considered to be more exposed to diarrheal difficulties. In equivalent, laxatives should be avoided, and connected treatment with medicines that can lead to hypokalemia should be particularly observed. Lastly, it is practicality to stop treatment as soon as diarrhea follows. To inhibit the threat of hepatotoxicity, diacerein is contra indicated in patients with recent or a history of liver disease and, hence, patients should be screened for major origins of active hepatic disease before starting the treatment. Treatment should be stopped if elevation of hepatic enzymes or supposed signs or symptoms of liver damage are recognized. Diacerein is a compound with an extensive history but whose effects are still not entirely assumed. Further the confirmation of its efficacy in knee and hip OA, there are very few facts on its effect in other OA locations such as the hand, as well as on different types of patient profiles or OA subtypes. Further investigation is also needed to be accomplished to outline the real prospective of diacerein on disease development with well planned, high quality, structure-modifying clinical trials.
INTERSECTIONS OF T-ISOTYPE SUBGROUPS IN ABELIAN GROUPS -

A subgroup H of an abelian group G is an intersection of isotype subgroups of G if and only if, for each prime p, if x + H is a coset of order p then there is another coset of order p containing an element y of order p such that *£(*) TÎ hp(y)A subgroup H of G is isotype in G if and only if, for each prime p, every coset x + H of order p contains an element y of order p such that h*(x) =c h*( vi
Technological and microbiological evaluation of traditional processes as modified for the industrial manufacturing of dry fermented sausage in greece

The technology and microbiological quality of dry fermented sausage was compared during processing at three (A, B and C) industrial meat plants. In plants A and B salamis having final pHs below 5.0 and characterised by strong acidic taste and poor aroma, were produced even in the absence of starter cultures. In plant C, moderately acidified (final pH 5.0-5.2) sausages with excellent sensory characteristics were produced regardless of the greater increase in lactic acid bacteria. The microbial composition of the sausages in plant C was more diverse, with Micrococcaceae constituting a significant part of it throughout processing. Salmonella spp. were absent from all batches after stuffing, while pseudomonads, enterobacteria, coagulase-positive staphylococci, sulfite-reducing clostridia and aerobic spore-formers were maintained at normal levels and were practically eliminated during ripening. Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. contaminated most batches during formulation, but were not detected in the finished products. Enterococci were significantly present in plants A and C during the whole process. It is concluded that traditional processes for making salami lead to a microbiologically safe product when applied under industrial manufacturing conditions, but should be closely monitored to give a less acidified and delicately flavoured final product.
Genetic Advance and Grain Yield Stability of Moroccan Durum Wheats Grown under Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions

The development of high-yielding durum wheat genotypes requires the knowledge of the genetic variation for grain yield and its components. This study was performed to determine genetic gain and to evaluate the genotype × environment effect for grain yield and related traits in Moroccan durum wheat. A historical series of varieties developed during the last three decades was grown under two water regimes (rainfed and irrigated) during three growing seasons. Traits evaluated in the present work included grain yield, spikes per m2, kernels per spike, spikelets per spike, kernels per spikelet, spike length, kernel weight, plant height, harvest index, and fertile tillering. Results from ANOVA analyses revealed that grain yield and related traits were controlled to a large extent by water regime and growing season. Grain yield advance per year was estimated in 78 kg ha−1 under irrigated conditions, with no significant change under rainfed ones. Overall, the results indicated that most of the yield components changed by breeding activities during the last three decades. AMMI and joint regression analyses revealed that intermediate varieties have a wide adaptation, and old varieties were specifically acclimated to water-limit environments, while modern varieties were performed only under favorable conditions.
Laryngeal Paralysis Recovered Two Years After a Head Trauma by Growth Hormone Treatment and Neurorehabilitation

The aim of this study is to describe the cognitive and speech results obtained after growth hormone (GH) treatment and neurorehabilitation in a man that suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI). 17 months after the accident, the patient was treated with growth hormone (GH), together with neurostimulation and speech therapy. At admission, the left vocal cord revealed paralyzed, in the paramedian position, a situation compatible with a recurrent nerve injury. Clinical and rehabilitation assessments revealed a prompt improvement in speech and cognitive functions, and following completion of treatment, endoscopic examination showed recovery of vocal cord mobility. These results, together with previous results from our group, indicate that GH treatment is safe and effective for helping neurorehabilitation in chronic speech impairment due to central laryngeal paralysis, as well as impaired cognitive functions.
HAMMER SELECTION BY DRIVING STRESS ANALYSIS Redacted for privacy Redacted for privacy

This paper presents an application of the wave equation to the problem of selecting a driving hammer for prestressed concrete piles. The potentially damaging effects of these types of hammers on various prestressed concrete piles were analyzed by means of parametric studies carried out on a. hypothetical group of problems and two case histories. A computer program written by T. C. Edwards and largely based on the work of E. A. L. Smith was used to analyze the driving stresses produced in the pile by driving it with steam-air hammers. For each hammer the variation of driving stresses in the pile due to variations of cushion characteristics, soil resistance, depth of embedment, length of pile and variations in the soil properties was studied. hammer