Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compositional, biochemical and textural changes during ripening of Tulum cheese made with different coagulants

In the present study, biochemical, chemical and texture changes in Tulum cheeses made using calf rennet and microbial rennets (Aspergillus niger protease and Rhizomucor miehei protease) were compared during ripening for up to 90 days. A total of 15 free fatty acids (FFAs) were detected in the cheese samples. The peroxide values (PV) of the cheeses increased significantly (P < 0.05) during ripening and the cheese made with calf rennet had the highest PV. Proteolysis in the cheeses increased as the ripening time increased. αs1-casein and β-casein degradation was higher in cheeses manufactured with R. miehei protease. Cheeses made with calf rennet were significantly (P < 0.05) harder, more adhesive, more cohesive and more resilient than those made with microbial rennet.
Exposure of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) to ozone in open‐top chambers. Effects on acyl lipid composition and chlorophyll content of flag leaves

SUMMARY Spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL. cv. Drabant) was exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers in a field of commercially grown wheat. The following treatments were used: charcoal-filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF) and non-filtered air supplemented with 25 nl 1−1 ozone (NF+) and 35 nl 1−1 ozone (NF ++) for 7 h d−1. Flag leaves were analysed for chlorophyll content, total fatty acid composition and fatty acid compositions and contents of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The chlorophyll content decreased significantly with time and ozone concentration. After 4 wk of exposure, the content of MGDG was significantly lower in flag leaves from the N F ++ treatments than in those from the other treatments. The contents of DGDG and PC also decreased while that of PE increased, although these changes were not statistically significant. In the total lipid extract the proportion of 18:3 decreased with time and ozone concentration. Similar changes occurred in MGDG 18:3 at a later stage. Using the concept of accumulated exposure over threshold (AOT), it was evident that the parameters studied differed in ozone sensitivity. After 4 wk of exposure, the best linear dose-response relationships between accumulated exposure and chlorophyll as well as MGDG contents were obtained with a threshold ozone concentration of 30 nl l−1. For total lipid 18:3 and MGDG 18:3 the corresponding thresholds were 40 and 50 nl 1−1, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity to ozone, expressed as loss of chlorophyll, increased with increasing flag leaf age. In leaves exposed for 7, 13 and 20 d, the best linear fits were obtained with AOT50, AOT40 and AOT30, respectively. In conclusion, ozone sensitivity increased with flag leaf age and different membrane constituents were differently sensitive to ozone. The results support previous suggestions that ozone causes premature senescence in wheat flag leaves.
In silico comparative analysis of EST-SSRs in three cotton genomes

In this study, expressed sequence tags- simple sequence repeat (EST-SSRs) were surveyed in three cotton genomes (Gossypium arboreum, Ga; Gossypium raimondii, Gr and Gossypium hirsutum, Gh ). The frequency of EST-SSRs was highest in Gr, and motif type for hexanucleotide was obviously abundant in Gr. Trinucleotide repeats were the most abundant motif; AT and AG, AAG and ATC were the most frequent motifs for dinucleotide and trinucleotide, respectively. The repeat number was greatly diverse between the three genomes with the highest variation in Gh. AG and AAG had a high frequency both in homologue groups (HGs) with and without repeat number change between genomes. The range of repeat number change in each HG was wider in Gr-Gh. The annotation of the SSR-ESTs showed that more Gene Ontology (GO) items targeted by SSR-ESTs of Ga and Gr than those of Gh. This study gave us new insights into the difference between the three cotton genomes, which will be more helpful to understand the differentiation and evolution of the three genomes. Key words : Cotton, simple sequence repeat, expressed sequence tags, motif, gene ontology.
The Use of Hyaluronic Acid Combined with Teosyal Redensity II for the Treatment of Dark Circles Under the Eyes

VALERIU ARDELEANU1,2, SORIN IOAN BERBECE1*, IOAN PETRE FLORESCU2,3,4, RADU CRISTIAN JECAN2,3,5 1Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 Domneasca Str. , 800008, Galati, Romania 2Arestetic Clinic, 78 Brailei Str. , 800098, Galati, Romania 3Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Str. , 050474, charest, Romania 4’Bagdasar Arseni Clinical Emergency Hospital, 12 Berceni Road. , 041915, Bucharest, Romania 5Agripa Ionescu Clinical Emergency Hospital, 7 Ion Mincu Str. , 011356, Bucharest, Romania
Relação entre toxicidade de proteínas Vip3Aa e sua capacidade de ligação a receptores intestinais de lepidópteros-praga

The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of new Vip3Aa proteins and their binding capacity to brush‑border membrane vesicles (BBMV) in the intestine of Spodoptera frugiperda , Anticarsia gemmatalis , and Heliothis virescens neonate larvae. The proteins expressed by the genes vip3Aa42 and vip3Aa43 showed toxicity to S. frugiperda (LC 50 of 78.2 and 113 ng cm ‑2 , respectively) and A. gemmatalis (LC 50 of 239.2 and 57.5 ng cm ‑2 , respectively), but they showed low toxicity to H. virescens (LC 50 >5,000 ng cm ‑2 ). BBMV binding assays showed that the proteins bind effectively to the receptors on vesicles of the evaluated species, but this binding capacity is only effective on the activation of toxicity to the evaluated populations of S. frugiperda and A. gemmatalis .
Microsporogenesis and pollen sulcus type in Asparagales (Lilianae)

Cladistic analysis of molecular data (plastid rbcL sequences) supports the interpretation of simultaneous microsporogenesis as an apomorphy for Asparagales (Lilianae), with a reversal in the most derived 'higher' asparagoid clade, which is entirely successive. 'Lower' asparagoids are mainly simultaneous, with occasional reversals to the successive state, such as in Xanthorrhoea, Hypoxidaceae, and a few Orchidaceae and Iridaceae (including Geosiris). Trichotomosulcate pollen, a characteristic feature of one of the lower asparagoid clades, is associated with simultaneous microsporogenesis. Some lower asparagoids, such as Doryanthes and a few Iridaceae, are recorded as having both successive and simultaneous microsporogenesis. Irregular tetrads occur frequently in Asphodelaceae and sometimes in higher asparagoids, although not in the group with trichotomosulcate pollen. We relate the distributions of these characters to the positions of the same taxa in the rbcL tree, expanded to include more taxa sampled fo.
EVALUATION OF SPAWNING SUBSTRATE ENHANCEMENT FOR WHITE STURGEON IN A REGULATED RIVER: EFFECTS ON LARVAL RETENTION AND DISPERSAL

Site‐specific habitat alterations have improved spawning success and early life stage survival of different fish species, including sturgeon, in regulated rivers. We modified the substrate within a section of river at the only known spawning site used by white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in the Mid Columbia River, Canada. Existing armoured riverbed conditions were modified using a mixture of larger and smaller angular rock with the assumption that the larger material would remain in place at higher discharges and help retain the smaller material. This increased substrate complexity and the amount of available interstitial spaces. We stocked 2‐day posthatch larvae over both the modified site and at an adjacent control site that represented existing substrate conditions. Our objectives were to determine (i) the extent that stocked larvae remained in both the modified and control sites immediately after release, (ii) the timing of subsequent dispersal of larvae from both sites and (iii) how total length of dispersing larvae changed over time and by site. Results from this work indicated that the modified section of riverbed retained significantly higher numbers of larvae after release compared with the control site. Larvae at the modified site were able to hide and remain within the substrate and initiated downstream drift 15 days after release. With the exception of the first day after release, dispersal from both sites occurred at night. There was a significant effect of time after release and site on the total length of dispersing larvae. The larger variation in total larval length observed at the control site compared with the modified site indicated greater difficulty in hiding within the control substrate. Larvae initiated dispersal from the modified site at a mean size of 17.5 mm, which may indicate an important growth threshold before drift. Results from this work are important for future mitigative efforts for sturgeon in regulated rivers where changes to spawning substrates have occurred. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review of Experimental Studies for Available Evidence on the Use of Prosthetic Material in Hiatal Hernia Repair

Aim: The benefits of prosthetic material in hiatal hernia repair have been well documented. However, the associated risks are substantial and they are related to the technique, and also the choice of material. Experimental data are invaluable to understand and evaluate the interaction of different meshes with the host tissue. The purpose of this article is to summarize the available experimental evidence in the repair of hiatal hernias with the use of prosthetic materials in animal models. Methods: A review of the literature from January 1990 to December 2014 was carried out for articles presenting experimental data on hiatal hernia repair. Results: After discarding non relevant articles, 28 articles were identified. A variety of synthetic and absorbable materials were studied. Review of the available studies showed that there is great variability between synthetic materials regarding tissue integration, shrinkage and adhesion formation, however they have greater mechanical strength when compared to biological/absorbable materials, which have a tendency to better integration. Biological adhesives seem to be an effective alternative method of mesh fixation. Conclusions: Experimental data are essential in order to fully appreciate the process of repair of a hiatal hernia with a prosthetic material. The articles reviewed provide insight into the properties of different prosthetic materials. However, there were large variations in their quality and the methods used. Data from animal studies are an excellent way of evaluating the multitude of materials that have recently become available. Good quality, comparative animal studies are essential in an effort to further improve outcomes for patients who undergo hiatal hernia repair.
Diverse fossil amoebae in German Mesozoic amber

Fossil amoebae are very rare, although their evolutionary history extends back into the Proterozoic. The Cenomanian amber of Schliersee (southern Germany) is very rich in micro‐organisms and contains the highest diversity of fossil freshwater rhizopods (Gymnamoebia and Testacealobosia) yet discovered. Altogether seven testate amoebae and one gymnamoebian species are recorded from this Mesozoic amber. The four newly discovered taxa described in this paper can be assigned to the extant species Centropyxis delicatula, Centropyxis hirsuta, Phryganella acropodia and Phryganella paradoxa. Over 200 individuals of Phryganella paradoxa are preserved. Together with their syninclusions, the amoebae are species of limnetic or limnetic–terrestrial microcoenoses. The presence of 100‐myr‐old fossils with extant representatives suggests evolutionary stasis of these freshwater amoebae. However, not all modern testacean families have been recorded from Mesozoic limnetic habitats. Our experimental studies verify that naked and testate amoebae can be embedded in resins.
Regioselective acylation of flavonoids catalyzed by lipase in low toxicity media

Flavonoid fatty esters were prepared by acylation of flavonoids (rutin and naringin) by fatty acids (C8, C10, C12), catalyzed by immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica in various solvent systems. The reaction parameters affecting the conversion of the enzymatic process, such as the nature of the organic solvent and acyl donor used, the water activity (a w ) of the system, as well as the acyl donor concentration have been investigated. At optimum reaction conditions, the conversion of flavonoids was 50-60% in tert-butanol at a w less than 0.11. In all cases studied, only flavonoid monoester was identified, which indicates that this lipase-catalyzed esterification is regioselective. Des esters de flavonoides sont prepares en acylant des flavonoides (rutine et naringine) par des acides gras (C8, C10, C12) : cette reaction est catalysee par la lipase de Candida antarctica dans divers solvants. Les parametres reactionnels affectant la conversion du procede enzymatique, comme la nature du solvant ou du donneur d'acyle, l'activite de l'eau ou la concentration en donneur d'acyle sont etudies. Dans des conditions optimales, la conversion des flavonoides est de 50-60% dans le tert-butanol. Dans tous les cas, seul le monoester de flavonoide est identifie, ce qui montre que cette esterification est regioselective.
Nutrient exchange fluxes between the Aegean and Black Seas through the Marmara Sea

Long-term data obtained in the Turkish Strait System (TSS) including the Sea of Marmara, the Dardanelles and Bosphorus straits, during 1990-2000, have permitted us to calculate seasonal and annual fluxes of water and nutrients (nitrate, phosphate) exchanged between the Aegean and Black Seas through the TSS. Two-layer flow regimes in the TSS introduce the brackish waters of the Black Sea into the Aegean basin of the northeastern Mediterranean throughout the year. A counter flow in the TSS carries the salty Mediterranean water into the Black Sea via the Marmara deep basin. The annual volume influx from the Black Sea to the Marmara upper layer is nearly two-fold the salty water exported from the Marmara to the Black Sea via the Bosphorus underflow. The brackish Black Sea inflow is relatively rich in nitrate and phosphate in winter, decreasing to the lowest levels in late summer and autumn. Biologically labile nutrients of Black Sea origin are utilized in photosynthetic processes in the Marmara Sea and are partly exported to the Marmara lower layer. Eventually, the brackish Black Sea waters reach the Dardanelles Strait, with modified bio-chemical properties. On the other hand, the salty Mediterranean waters with low concentrations of nutrients enter the Marmara deep basin. During threir 6-7 year sojourn in the Marmara basin, the salty waters become enriched in nitrate (DIN) and phosphate (DIP), due to oxidation of planktonic particles sinking from the Marmara surface layer. The annual nutrient inputs from the Black Sea to the Marmara basin were estimated as 8.17x108 moles of DIN and 4.25x107 moles of DIP, which are much less than the importation from the Marmara lower layer via the Bosphorus undercurrent. The salty Aegean water introduces nearly 6.13x108 moles of DIN and 2.79x107 moles of DIP into the Marmara lower layer. The estimated DIP outflux from the Aegean Sea is nearly 2 times less than the importation from the Marmara Sea via the Dardanelles Strait.
Environmental Correlates of Signal Crayfish, Pacifastacus Leniusculus (Dana, 1852), Density and Size at Two Spatial Scales in Its Native Range

ABSTRACT While much literature exists on the ecology and ecosystem impacts of signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852), as an invasive species, little information exists on the ecology of this species in its native range in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Signal crayfish (P. leniusculus leniusculus) were collected from the Umatilla River in northeastern Oregon, USA, where they are native. Collecting occurred during the summer at 13 sites spanning the longitudinal gradient of the river to examine the relationship between density and size of individuals and environmental factors at two spatial scales. At the reach scale (100+ m2) the density of young-of-year (YOY), and age 1+ female and male crayfish was positively associated with substrate size. Additionally, age 1+ female and male crayfish density was negatively associated with the amount of crop agriculture. Substrate size was also important in determining the density and size of crayfish at the microhabitat scale (<1 m2) with greater densities and larger size (for age 1+ females and males) with larger substrate. Other factors influencing density at the microhabitat scale included Froude number for YOY and age 1+ females with higher densities at lower Froude numbers (indicative of tranquil flows) and water depth for age 1+ males with higher densities at greater depth. Our results indicate that substrate size is one of the most important drivers of the distribution and density of signal crayfish in the Umatilla Basin at multiple spatial scales. Understanding the habitat requirements and ecology of this species in its native range is important as agricultural intensification resulting from the development of biofuel technology and increasing human population size and the threat of invasive crayfish species might greatly influence the distribution, abundance, and management of the species of Pacifastacus in their native range in the near future.
Biodiversity dynamics of chironomid midges in high‐altitude lakes of the Alps over the past two millennia

Climate change is one of the key drivers of changes in the biodiversity of the planet. There is, however, a general lack of long‐term data sets showing trends in taxonomic diversity of aquatic insects in high mountain environments particularly vulnerable to climate change. Using palaeolimnological techniques, we explored the changes in subfossil chironomid assemblages from three remote water bodies in the Eastern Alps, with the main focus on taxonomic turnover over different intervals of the late Holocene. Major changes in the assemblages coincided with shifts between different climate regimes and were mainly associated with the taxonomic shifts indicating the crossing ecological thresholds related to the ice‐cover duration in alpine lakes. Patterns of assemblage turnover through the past 2000 years differ between the study sites. Nevertheless, despite site‐specific differences in the physical setting and taxonomic composition, the study sites reveal substantial chironomid assemblage turnover (>1.0 SD) since AD 1850. The highest chironomid turnover (0.87 SD) over the last 30 years (AD 1980–2010), more than three times greater (0.26 SD) than in the previous 30 years, is observed in the lake situated at the highest elevation among the study lakes. Applying non‐linear structural equation modelling, we found that cold‐season (October–May) temperatures and therefore lake ice phenology are among the most important environment variables affecting the chironomid assemblages. The results of this study suggest that further climate warming will increase the risk of ecological alterations in remote Alpine freshwaters, including major shifts in chironomid fauna.
Qualidade física e química de mini-tomates Sweet Grape produzidos em cultivo orgânico e convencional

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar os parâmetros utilizados na determinacao da qualidade, como altura, diâmetro, massa, cicatriz peduncular, parâmetros instrumentais de cor (L*, a* e b*), pH, teor de solidos soluveis, acidez total, relacao entre o teor de solidos soluveis e a acidez total, composicao centesimal (umidade, cinzas, lipidios, proteina, carboidratos), valor energetico total e teor de licopeno de frutos de mini-tomates do cultivar Sweet Grape obtidos em cultivo orgânico e convencional. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com tres tratamentos e cinco repeticoes. As analises foram realizadas por metodos oficias e em triplicata. As dimensoes e a cor dos mini-tomates nao foram afetadas pelo sistema de cultivo. Os mini-tomates orgânicos do cultivar Sweet Grape, apesar de possuirem teor de umidade (93,68 g 100 g -1 ) mais elevado em relacao aos cultivados em sistema convencional, apresentam maiores teores de cinzas (0,43 g 100 g -1 ), de proteina (2,16 g 100 g -1 ), de lipidios (0,38 g 100 g -1 ), de licopeno (3,22 g 100 g -1 ) e relacao entre os solidos soluveis totais e a acidez total (2,17), e menor acidez total (3,2 g acido citrico 100 g -1 ), teor de carboidratos (3,34 g 100 g -1 ) e valor energetico (24,5 kcal 100 g -1 ), o que representa para o consumidor vantagem do ponto de vista nutricional, sensorial e funcional.
Evaluation and selection of Theobroma grandiflorum parents, in Belem, Para

Este trabalho teve por objetivo a selecao entre e dentro de progenies de irmaos completos de cupuacuzeiro. Foram avaliadas 21 progenies de irmaos completos, em dois experimentos, com cinco plantas por parcela. Os experimentos foram avaliados ao nivel de individuos, em cada safra, para os caracteres: producao de frutos, polpa e semente, bem como resistencia a vassoura-de-bruxa. Para efeito de selecao, tambem foi considerado o grau de parentesco das matrizes. As analises foram conduzidas via metodologia de modelos lineares mistos, como delineamento em blocos incompletos, desbalanceados com tratamentos comuns. Foram estimados os parâmetros geneticos e os valores genotipicos ajustados de progenies, bem como os valores geneticos aditivos e genotipicos individuais. Os resultados demonstraram que as progenies 12; 13; 18; 20; 21 e 24 tiveram os melhores desempenhos para as variaveis de producao. Entre elas, as progenies 12; 13 e 18 foram as que mais se destacaram. Foram selecionadas tres matrizes da progenie 18, duas matrizes da progenie 12 e uma matriz de cada uma das progenies 13; 20 e 21. E possivel concluir que essas matrizes, juntamente com materiais selecionados em outras areas experimentais, apresentam potencial para compor um pomar de sementes clonais, estabelecido em lote isolado de outros plantios, onde sera produzida uma populacao melhorada de primeiro ciclo que se constituira na nova cultivar de cupuacuzeiro.
Development of a Genetic Evaluation for Fertility Disorders in Austrian Fleckvieh cows

A project to establish a nation-wide health monitoring system for cattle was started in Austria in 2006 in which diagnoses from veterinarians are recorded. Based on these data, fertility disorders are the most frequent disease category in Fleckvieh cows. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the genetic background of fertility disorders in Fleckvieh cows. Heritabilities for fertility disorders were low and ranged from 0.01 to 0.14 on the underlying logistic scale, whereas on the observable scale heritabilities were between 0.006 and 0.041. Estimated genetic correlations were 1 among metritis, retained placenta and puerperal diseases and 0.85 between silent heat/anestrus and cystic ovaries. Low to moderate correlations (-0.01 to 0.68) were obtained among the other disorders. Correlations between estimated breeding values for fertility disorders and other routinely evaluated traits were computed, which revealed noticeable favorable relationships to longevity, interval from calving to first insemination, interval from first to last insemination (cows) and maternal calving ease and stillbirth. The results showed that data from the Austrian health monitoring project can be used for genetic evaluation of fertility disorders in Fleckvieh cows.