Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measure equivalence and coarse equivalence for unimodular locally compact groups

This article is concerned with measure equivalence and uniform measure equivalence of locally compact, second countable groups. We show that two unimodular, locally compact, second countable groups are measure equivalent if and only if they admit free, ergodic, probability measure preserving actions whose cross section equivalence relations are stably orbit equivalent. Using this we prove that in the presence of amenability any two such groups are measure equivalent and that both amenability and property (T) are preserved under measure equivalence, extending results of Connes-Feldman-Weiss and Furman. Furthermore, we introduce a notion of uniform measure equivalence for unimodular, locally compact, second countable groups, and prove that under the additional assumption of amenability this notion coincides with coarse equivalence, generalizing results of Shalom and Sauer. Throughout the article we rigorously treat measure theoretic issues arising in the setting of non-discrete groups.
Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolizing Enzymes in the Intestinal Mucosa in Pediatric and Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas that has important regulatory functions. In the colon, H2S can be produced and detoxified endogenously. Both too little and too much H2S exposure are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic intestinal disease mainly classified as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). As the pathogenesis of IBD remains elusive, this study’s aim was to investigate potential differences in the expression of H2S-metabolizing enzymes in normal aging and IBD. Intestinal mucosal biopsies of 25 adults and 22 children with IBD along with those of 26 healthy controls were stained immunohistochemically for cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), 3-mercapto-sulfurtransferase (3-MST), ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 protein (ETHE1), sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) and thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST). Expression levels were calculated by multiplication of the staining intensity and percentage of positively stained cells. Healthy adults showed an overall trend towards lower expression of H2S-metabolizing enzymes than healthy children. Adults with IBD also tended to have lower expression compared to controls. A similar trend was seen in the enzyme expression of children with IBD compared to controls. These results indicate an age-related decrease in the expression of H2S-metabolizing enzymes and a dysfunctional H2S metabolism in IBD, which was less pronounced in children.
Burer-Monteiro guarantees for general semidefinite programs

Consider a semidefinite program (SDP) involving an $n\times n$ positive semidefinite matrix $X$. The Burer-Monteiro method consists in solving a nonconvex program in $Y$, where $Y$ is an $n\times p$ matrix such that $X=Y Y^T$. Despite nonconvexity, Boumal et al. showed that the method provably solves generic equality-constrained SDP's when $p \gtrsim \sqrt{2m}$, where $m$ is the number of constraints. We extend this result to arbitrary SDP's, possibly involving inequalities or multiple semidefinite constraints. We illustrate applications to sensor network localization and to matrix sensing.
Chow–Witt rings of Grassmannians

We complement our previous computation of the Chow-Witt rings of classifying spaces of special linear groups by an analogous computation for the general linear groups. This case involves discussion of non-trivial dualities. The computation proceeds along the lines of the classical computation of the integral cohomology of ${\rm BO}(n)$ with local coefficients, as done by Cadek. The computations of Chow-Witt rings of classifying spaces of ${\rm GL}_n$ are then used to compute the Chow-Witt rings of the finite Grassmannians. As before, the formulas are close parallels of the formulas describing integral cohomology rings of real Grassmannians.
Defining the Bounds of Using Radioactive Isotope Tracers to Sense Past Groundwater Recharge Under Transient State Conditions

Analyzing groundwater systems in transient state is essential for understanding the response of groundwater recharge to changing environments. Radioactive isotopes have long been used to track recharge behavior, typically under steady state conditions. This study tests the limitations of using radioactive isotopes in confined aquifers and under transient conditions to sense changes in groundwater recharge rates over time. Four system parameters determine the bounds of this approach: the isotope half‐life, the Péclet number (Pe), and mobile‐immobile zone interactions. This study revealed that in confined groundwater systems where Pe ≥ 10, isotopes reflect transience when the half‐life matches the water travel time down the flow path or the time elapsed from the change in velocity. This response is evident regardless of mobile‐immobile interaction, suggesting that appropriate isotope selection is key to establishing past recharge regardless of aquifer lithology or geometry.
Many-body blow-up profile of boson stars with external potentials

We consider a 3D quantum system of [Formula: see text] identical bosons in a trapping potential [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], interacting via a Newton potential with an attractive interaction strength [Formula: see text]. For a fixed large [Formula: see text] and the coupling constant [Formula: see text] smaller than a critical value [Formula: see text] (Chandrasekhar limit mass), in an appropriate sense, the many-body system admits a ground state. We investigate the blow-up behavior of the ground state energy as well as the ground states when [Formula: see text] approaches [Formula: see text] sufficiently slowly in the limit [Formula: see text]. The blow-up profile is given by the Gagliardo–Nirenberg solutions.
Optimal embeddings into Lorentz spaces for some vector differential operators via Gagliardo’s lemma

We prove a family of Sobolev inequalities of the form $$ \Vert u \Vert_{L^{\frac{n}{n-1}, 1} (\mathbb{R}^n,V)} \le \Vert A (D) u \Vert_{L^1 (\mathbb{R}^n,E)} $$ where $A (D) : C^\infty_c (\mathbb{R}^n, V) \to C^\infty_c (\mathbb{R}^n, E)$ is a vector first-order homogeneous linear differential operator with constant coefficients, $u$ is a vector field on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $L^{\frac{n}{n - 1}, 1} (\mathbb{R}^{n})$ is a Lorentz space. These new inequalities imply in particular the extension of the classical Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality to Lorentz spaces originally due to Alvino and a sharpening of an inequality in terms of the deformation operator by Strauss (Korn-Sobolev inequality) on the Lorentz scale. The proof relies on a nonorthogonal application of the Loomis--Whitney inequality and Gagliardo's lemma.
Classification of Standard FASHION MNIST Dataset Using Deep Learning Based CNN Algorithms

Machine learning and deep learning, as one of the most prominent fields of today are quickly improving many aspects of our life. One of the categories that provides strongest results in resolving real-world problems is Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Fashion industries have been using Convolutional Neural Networks in e-commerce to solve several problems such as, clothing recognition, clothing searches and recommendations. However, the conventional CNN suffers from several issues including model overfit issues, challenging classification and difficult deep division of garment. It is precisely this complex depth that allows multiple classes to have the same characteristics, making the problem of separation more complex. With this paper, the state-of-art algorithms for the classification of images in the FASHION MNIST database are targeted. Convolutional neural network structures based on deep learning are employed for image classification of the MNIST dataset. The study aims to tackle the model overfit issue, using two different convolutional neural networks CNN-C1 and CNN-C2 architectures to determine which one provides better performance and results. The results show that compared with conventional deep neural network the CNN-C2 outperforms the CNN-C1 architecture and produces higher accuracy of 93.11%.
The Characterization of Three Novel Insect-Specific Viruses Discovered in the Bean Bug, Riptortus pedestris

Insect-specific virus (ISV) is one of the most promising agents for the biological control of insects, which is abundantly distributed in hematophagous insects. However, few ISVs have been reported in Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius), one of the major pests threatening soybeans and causing great losses in yield and quality. In this work, field Riptortus pedestris was collected from six soybean-producing regions in China, and their virome was analyzed with the metatranscriptomic approach. Altogether, seven new insect RNA viruses were identified, three of which had complete RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and nearly full-length genome sequences, which were named Riptortus pedestris alphadrosrha-like virus 1 (RpALv1), Riptortus pedestris alphadrosrha-like virus 2 (RpALv2) and Riptortus pedestris almendra-like virus (RiALv). The three identified novel ISVs belonged to the family Rhabdoviridae, and phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that they were clustered into new distinct clades. Interestingly, the analysis of virus-derived small-interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) indicated that only RiALv-derived siRNAs exhibited 22 nt length preference, whereas no clear 21 or 22 nt peaks were observed for RpALv1 and RpALv2, suggesting the complexity of siRNA-based antiviral immunity in R. pedestris. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of the microenvironment in R. pedestris and provides viral information for the development of potential soybean insect-specific biocontrol agents.
COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Kidney Transplant Recipients

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The administration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is the only reliable strategy to prevent COVID-19 and alleviate the severity of COVID-19 in this particular population. The aim of this article was to evaluate the clinical protection by vaccines (breakthrough infections, deaths, and hospitalizations) in KTRs. There were 135 KTRs with COVID-19 breakthrough infections for whom patient-level data were available in PubMed and Web of Science. There was a male predominance (61.4%), 97 were given the standard vaccination regimen, and 38 received three or four doses of the vaccine. The median age was 59.0 (IQR: 49.0–69.0) years. A total of 67 patients were hospitalized, and 10 patients died. In 72.6% of cases, triple-maintenance immunosuppression was employed. The deceased patients were older than the survivors (p < 0.05); an age over 60 years was a risk factor for death (p < 0.05). The KTRs with booster vaccines had a longer time interval from the last vaccine to COVID-19 infection and lower hospitalization rates than the individuals who received the standard vaccination regimen (33.3% vs. 54.8%, p < 0.05). The hospitalized patients were older than the outpatients (p < 0.05). Among 16,820 fully vaccinated or boosted KTRs from 14 centers, there were 633 breakthrough infections (3.58%) and 73 associated deaths (0.41%). The center-level breakthrough infection rates varied from 0.21% to 9.29%. These findings highlight the need for booster doses for KTRs. However, more research is needed to define the long-term effectiveness and immunogenicity of booster doses and to identify methods to boost the protective response to vaccination in these immunocompromised patients.
Design and Performance Analysis of A Novel Fuzzy Logic Based Fast Converging MPPT Algorithm for Solar Panel

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques improve PV system efficiency by keeping the operating point at or close to the point of maximum power along the non-linear characteristics curve of a solar cell. Incremental Conductance (IC) based MPPT techniques can largely improve the efficiency and output power of a PV system but it suffers from slow convergence speed and poor power quality. A Fuzzy Logic based algorithm can reduce these limitations through adaptive duty cycle and voltage steps that respond to the changing environmental conditions. This paper proposes a novel Fuzzy Logic based fast converging MPPT algorithm that divides the characteristics I-V curve into five regions of operation and assigns variable step-size duty cycles based on the distance of the operating point from the point of the maximum power. The further the distance, the larger the duty cycle and vice versa. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better both in static and changing environmental conditions than the IC algorithm.
Gravitational waves from 3D core-collapse supernova models: The impact of moderate progenitor rotation

We present predictions for the gravitational-wave (GW) emission of three-dimensional supernova (SN) simulations performed for a 15 solar-mass progenitor with the Prometheus-Vertex code using energy-dependent, three-flavor neutrino transport. The progenitor adopted from stellar evolution calculations including magnetic fields had a fairly low specific angular momentum (j_Fe <~ 10^{15} cm^2/s) in the iron core (central angular velocity ~0.2 rad/s), which we compared to simulations without rotation and with artificially enhanced rotation (j_Fe <~ 2*10^{16} cm^2/s; central angular velocity ~0.5 rad/s). Our results confirm that the time-domain GW signals of SNe are stochastic, but possess deterministic components with characteristic patterns at low frequencies (<~200 Hz), caused by mass motions due to the standing accretion shock instability (SASI), and at high frequencies, associated with gravity-mode oscillations in the surface layer of the proto-neutron star (PNS). Non-radial mass motions in the post-shock layer as well as PNS convection are important triggers of GW emission, whose amplitude scales with the power of the hydrodynamic flows. There is no monotonic increase of the GW amplitude with rotation, but a clear correlation with the strength of SASI activity. Our slowly rotating model is a fainter GW emitter than the non-rotating model because of weaker SASI activity and damped convection in the post-shock layer and PNS. In contrast, the faster rotating model exhibits a powerful SASI spiral mode during its transition to explosion, producing the highest GW amplitudes with a distinctive drift of the low-frequency emission peak from ~80-100 Hz to ~40-50 Hz. This migration signifies shock expansion, whereas non-exploding models are discriminated by the opposite trend.
Medical Staff Shortages and the Performance of Outpatient Clinics in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Unlike many industries, healthcare was simultaneously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in two opposite ways. On the one hand, the industry faced shortages and overload of many medical representatives such as nurses and infectious disease professionals, but on the other, many medical professionals such as dentists were left with considerably reduced demand. The objective of this paper is to study the efficiency of medical staff allocation and the performance of small and medium sized outpatient clinics in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Owing to the contemporaneity of this problem, we have employed a multiple case study approach. Our sample comprises 5 small and medium-sized outpatient clinics located in Poland in the 3-year period 2019–2021. The results indicate a considerable percentage of medical staff employed in small and medium-sized outpatient clinics remained outside the pandemic, despite their potential provision of healthcare services. Four of the five clinics studied remained passive towards the pandemic. In view of future pandemics, the indications we provide have practical implications for outpatient clinics executives and public health policymakers.
Performance and Prospects of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT Scans in Lung Cancer

Simple Summary The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of all the available evidence regarding the use of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) as a tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with lung cancer. In several studies and case reports, radioisotope-labelled FAPI PET/CT showed a strong diagnostic performance in lung cancer. In addition, the possible prognostic value of FAPI PET/CT in lung cancer is proposed. Abstract Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) could be a promising target for tumor imaging and therapy, as it is expressed in >90% of epithelial cancers. A high level of FAP-expression might be associated with worse prognosis in several cancer types, including lung cancer. FAPI binds this protein and allows for labelling to Gallium-68, as well as several therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. As FAP is only expressed at insignificant levels in adult normal tissue, FAPI provides a highly specific tumor-marker for many epithelial cancers. In this review, current information on the use of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT in lung cancer is presented. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI shows a high uptake (standardized uptake value = SUVmax) and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) in primary lung cancer lesions, as well as in metastatic lesions of other tumor types located in the lung and in lung cancer metastases located throughout the body. Where a comparison was made to [18F]FDG PET/CT, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI showed a similar or higher SUVmax and TBR. In brain and bone metastases, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT outperformed [18F]FDG PET/CT. In addition to this strong diagnostic performance, a possible prognostic value of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT in lung cancer is proposed.
Cross-Linked Ionic Liquid Polymer for the Effective Removal of Ionic Dyes from Aqueous Systems: Investigation of Kinetics and Adsorption Isotherms

In the current study, we have synthesized an imidazolium based cross-linked polymer, namely, 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (poly[veim][Tf2N]-TRIM) using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as cross linker, and demonstrated its efficiency for the removal of two extensively used ionic dyes—methylene blue and orange-II—from aqueous systems. The detailed characterization of the synthesized poly[veim][Tf2N]-TRIM was performed with the help of 1H NMR, TGA, FT-IR and FE-SEM analysis. The concentration of dyes in aqueous samples before and after the adsorption process was measured using an UV-vis spectrophotometer. The process parameters were optimised, and highest adsorption was obtained at a solution pH of 7.0, adsorbent dosage of 0.75 g/L, contact time of 7 h and dye concentrations of 100 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L for methylene blue and orange-II, respectively. The adsorption kinetics for orange-II and methylene blue were well described by pseudo-first-order and pseudo–second-order models, respectively. Meanwhile, the process of adsorption was best depicted by Langmuir isotherms for both the dyes. The highest monolayer adsorption capacities for methylene blue and orange-II were found to be 1212 mg/g and 126 mg/g, respectively. Overall, the synthesized cross-linked poly[veim][Tf2N]-TRIM effectively removed the selected ionic dyes from aqueous samples and provided >90% of adsorption efficiency after four cycles of adsorption. A possible adsorption mechanism between the synthesised polymeric adsorbent and proposed dyes is presented. It is further suggested that the proposed ionic liquid polymer adsorbent could effectively remove other ionic dyes and pollutants from contaminated aqueous systems.
Frobenius reciprocity and the Haagerup tensor product

In the context of operator-space modules over C ∗ C^* -algebras, we give a complete characterisation of those C ∗ C^* -correspondences whose associated Haagerup tensor product functors admit left adjoints. The characterisation, which builds on previous joint work with N. Higson, exhibits a close connection between the notions of adjoint operators and adjoint functors. As an application, we prove a Frobenius reciprocity theorem for representations of locally compact groups on operator spaces: the functor of unitary induction for a closed subgroup H H of a locally compact group G G admits a left adjoint in this setting if and only if H H is cocompact in G G . The adjoint functor is given by the Haagerup tensor product with the operator-theoretic adjoint of Rieffel’s induction bimodule.
Signatures of a Deconfined Phase Transition on the Shastry-Sutherland Lattice: Applications to Quantum Critical 
SrCu2(BO3)2

We study a possible deconfined quantum phase transition in a realistic model of a two-dimensional Shastry-Sutherland quantum magnet, using both numerical and field theoretic techniques. Using the infinite density matrix renormalization group (iDMRG) method, we verify the existence of an intermediate plaquette valence bond solid (pVBS) order, with two fold degeneracy, between the dimer and Neel ordered phases. We argue that the quantum phase transition between the Neel and pVBS orders may be described by a deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) with an emergent O(4) symmetry. By analyzing the correlation length spectrum obtained from iDMRG, we provide evidence for the DQCP and emergent O(4) symmetry in the lattice model. Such a phase transition has been reported in the recent pressure tuned experiments in the Shastry-Sutherland lattice material $\mathrm{SrCu_2 (BO_3)_2}$. The non-symmorphic lattice structure of the Shastry-Sutherland compound leads to extinction points in the scattering, where we predict sharp signatures of a DQCP in both the phonon and magnon spectra associated with the spinon continuum. The effect of weak interlayer couplings present in the three dimensional material is also discussed. Our results should help guide the experimental study of DQCP in quantum magnets.
Anatomical and Micromorphological Studies of Chusquea Subg. Magnifoliae and Chusquea Subg. Platonia (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae)

Premise of research. Chusquea Kunth is the most diverse bamboo genus worldwide and comprises 198 species classified into five subgenera. Chusquea subg. Magnifoliae and Chusquea subg. Platonia together include 26 taxa that have been studied on the basis of incomplete or fragmentary material, and complete keys to their taxonomic identification based on vegetative and reproductive characters are still pending. Since the identification of woody bamboos often relies mainly on vegetative characters, the addition of foliage leaf blade anatomy and micromorphology characters provides valuable information to be considered. Methodology. Anatomical and micromorphological studies were performed on the basis of herbarium material. Foliage leaf blade abaxial epidermal and transverse section characters are described and compared for 11 taxa of Chusquea subg. Magnifoliae and 14 of Chusquea subg. Platonia to enhance the currently available descriptions. Pivotal results. Regarding foliage leaf blade anatomy in transverse section, no single character turned out to be exclusive to a species or subgenus. All taxa studied here are recognizable from a combination of anatomical characters. Of note is that intercostal sclerenchyma is recorded for the first time in the subtribe Chusqueinae. When micromorphological characters of the foliage leaf blade abaxial epidermis are considered, a few potential autapomorphies may be recognized for a few species. Conclusions. On the basis of anatomical and micromorphological studies, characters of taxonomic value are presented in comparative tables. A key to the identification of the species of Chusquea subg. Magnifoliae and Chusquea subg. Platonia was elaborated and is presented here for the first time as an additional tool to corroborate the taxonomic identity of sterile or poorly collected specimens.