Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3-Objective Pareto Optimization for Problems with Chance Constraints

Evolutionary multi-objective algorithms have successfully been used in the context of Pareto optimization where a given constraint is relaxed into an additional objective. In this paper, we explore the use of 3-objective formulations for problems with chance constraints. Our formulation trades off the expected cost and variance of the stochastic component as well as the given deterministic constraint. We point out benefits that this 3-objective formulation has compared to a bi-objective one recently investigated for chance constraints with Normally distributed stochastic components. Our analysis shows that the 3-objective formulation allows to compute all required trade-offs using 1-bit flips only, when dealing with a deterministic cardinality constraint. Furthermore, we carry out experimental investigations for the chance constrained dominating set problem and show the benefit for this classical NP-hard problem.
InversOS: Efficient Control-Flow Protection for AArch64 Applications with Privilege Inversion

With the increasing popularity of AArch64 processors in general-purpose computing, securing software running on AArch64 systems against control-flow hijacking attacks has become a critical part toward secure computation. Shadow stacks keep shadow copies of function return addresses and, when protected from illegal modifications and coupled with forward-edge control-flow integrity, form an effective and proven defense against such attacks. However, AArch64 lacks native support for write-protected shadow stacks, while software alternatives either incur prohibitive performance overhead or provide weak security guarantees. We present InversOS, the first hardware-assisted write-protected shadow stacks for AArch64 user-space applications, utilizing commonly available features of AArch64 to achieve efficient intra-address space isolation (called Privilege Inversion) required to protect shadow stacks. Privilege Inversion adopts unconventional design choices that run protected applications in the kernel mode and mark operating system (OS) kernel memory as user-accessible; InversOS therefore uses a novel combination of OS kernel modifications, compiler transformations, and another AArch64 feature to ensure the safety of doing so and to support legacy applications. We show that InversOS is secure by design, effective against various control-flow hijacking attacks, and performant on selected benchmarks and applications (incurring overhead of 7.0% on LMBench, 7.1% on SPEC CPU 2017, and 3.0% on Nginx web server).
The kernel perspective on dynamic mode decomposition

This manuscript revisits theoretical assumptions concerning dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of Koopman operators, including the existence of lattices of eigenfunctions, common eigenfunctions between Koopman operators, and boundedness and compactness of Koopman operators. Counterexamples that illustrate restrictiveness of the assumptions are provided for each of the assumptions. In particular, this manuscript proves that the native reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) of the Gaussian RBF kernel function only supports bounded Koopman operators if the dynamics are affine. In addition, a new framework for DMD, that requires only densely defined Koopman operators over RKHSs is introduced, and its effectiveness is demonstrated through numerical examples.
Mirror of Orbifold Singularities in the Hitchin Fibration: the case $(\text{SL}_n,\text{PGL}_n)$

We study the geometry of singular $\text{SL}_n$-Hitchin fibres over the elliptic locus. We show that orbifold singularities appear in the $\text{PGL}_n$-moduli space $M^{ell}(\text{PGL}_n)$ exactly when the $\text{SL}_n$ side $M^{ell}(\text{SL}_n)$ has a reducible Hitchin fibre. Our main theorem shows that the Fourier-Mukai transform of a skyscraper sheaf supported at an orbifold singularity in $M^{ell}(\text{PGL}_n)$ satisfies a version of the fractional Hecke eigenproperty, as conjectured by Frenkel and Witten.
On the approximation of a ball by random polytopes

Let be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random vectors drawn from the d-dimensional unit ball Bd and let Xn be the random polytope generated as the convex hull of a 1,· ··, an. Furthermore, let Δ(Xn ): = Vol (Bd Xn ) be the volume of the part of the ball lying outside the random polytope. For uniformly distributed ai and 2 we prove that the limiting distribution of Δ(Xn )/Ε (Δ (Xn )) for n → ∞ (satisfies a 0–1 law. In particular, we show that Var for n → ∞. We provide analogous results for spherically symmetric distributions in Bd with regularly varying tail. In addition, we indicate similar results for the surface area and the number of facets of Xn.
Interplay between magnetism and short-range order in medium- and high-entropy alloys: CrCoNi, CrFeCoNi, and CrMnFeCoNi

The impact of magnetism on predicted atomic short-range order in three medium- and high-entropy alloys is studied using a first-principles, all-electron, Landau-type linear response theory, coupled with lattice-based atomistic modelling. We perform two sets of linear-response calculations: one in which the paramagnetic state is modelled within the disordered local moment picture, and one in which systems are modelled in a magnetically ordered state, which is ferrimagnetic for the alloys considered in this work. We show that the treatment of magnetism can have significant impact both on the predicted temperature of atomic ordering and also the nature of atomic order itself. In CrCoNi, we find that the nature of atomic order changes from being $\mathrm{L}1_2$-like when modelled in the paramagnetic state to MoPt$_2$-like when modelled assuming the system has magnetically ordered. In CrFeCoNi, atomic correlations between Fe and the other elements present are dramatically strengthened when we switch from treating the system as magnetically disordered to magnetically ordered. Our results show it is necessary to consider the magnetic state when modelling multicomponent alloys containing mid- to late-$3d$ elements. Further, we suggest that there may be high-entropy alloy compositions containing $3d$ transition metals that will exhibit specific atomic short-range order when thermally treated in an applied magnetic field. This has the potential to provide a route for tuning physical and mechanical properties in this class of materials.
Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis to Improve Final Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Score after Thrombectomy: A Case-Series Analysis

Endovascular thrombectomy is the standard treatment in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion, but continuous improvement in angiographic and clinical outcome is still needed. Intra-arterial thrombolysis has been tested as a possible rescue tool in unsuccessful thrombectomy, or as an adjuvant therapy after the endovascular procedure, to pursue complete recanalization. Here we present a case series analysis of intra-arterial alteplase administration (5 mg bolus, repeated up to 15 mg if Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) scale ≥2c is not achieved) in 15 consecutive anterior circulation stroke patients after unsuccessful thrombectomy, defined as TICI score ≤2b after at least 3 passes or if unsuitable for further endovascular attempts, with the aim of improving recanalization. An improvement of final TICI score was achieved in 10 of 15 patients (66.7%). TICI score ≥2c was achieved after 5 mg intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator (iaTPA) in 4 patients, and after 10 mg iaTPA in 5 cases. Six of 15 patients received 15 mg iaTPA: 1 of 6 showed angiographical improvement. A major effect of intra-arterial alteplase was observed for distally migrated emboli. None of the patients experienced any symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation or other major bleeding. Our report shows, in a very small cohort, a high rate of final TICI score improvement, encouraging the development of randomized controlled trials of rescue intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with suboptimal angiographic results after mechanical thrombectomy.
Clinical Features, Non-Contrast CT Radiomic and Radiological Signs in Models for the Prediction of Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Purpose Rapid identification of hematoma expansion (HE) risk at baseline is a priority in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients and may impact clinical decision making. Predictive scores using clinical features and Non-Contract Computed Tomography (NCCT)-based features exist, however, the extent to which each feature set contributes to identification is limited. This paper aims to investigate the relative value of clinical, radiological, and radiomics features in HE prediction. Methods Original data was retrospectively obtained from three major prospective clinical trials [“Spot Sign” Selection of Intracerebral Hemorrhage to Guide Hemostatic Therapy (SPOTLIGHT)NCT01359202; The Spot Sign for Predicting and Treating ICH Growth Study (STOP-IT)NCT00810888] Patients baseline and follow-up scans following ICH were included. Clinical, NCCT radiological, and radiomics features were extracted, and multivariate modeling was conducted on each feature set. Results 317 patients from 38 sites met inclusion criteria. Warfarin use (p=0.001) and GCS score (p=0.046) were significant clinical predictors of HE. The best performing model for HE prediction included clinical, radiological, and radiomic features with an area under the curve (AUC) of 87.7%. NCCT radiological features improved upon clinical benchmark model AUC by 6.5% and a clinical & radiomic combination model by 6.4%. Addition of radiomics features improved goodness of fit of both clinical (p=0.012) and clinical & NCCT radiological (p=0.007) models, with marginal improvements on AUC. Inclusion of NCCT radiological signs was best for ruling out HE whereas the radiomic features were best for ruling in HE. Conclusion NCCT-based radiological and radiomics features can improve HE prediction when added to clinical features. Visual Abstract
Predictability Associated With Reduction in Phonetic Signals Without Semantics—The Case of Glossolalia

Glossolalia can be regarded as an instance of speech production in which practitioners produce syllables in seemingly random sequences. However, a closer inspection of glossalalia’s statistical properties reveals that sequences show a Zipfian pattern similar to natural languages, with some syllables being more probable than others. It is well established that statistical properties of sequences are implicitly learned, and that these statistical properties correlate with changes in kinematic and speech behavior. For speech, this means that more predictable items are phonetically shorter. Accordingly, we hypothesized for glossolalia that if practitioners have learned a serial pattern in glossolalia in the same manner as in natural languages, its statistical properties should correlate with its phonetic characteristics. Our hypothesis was supported. We find significantly shorter syllables associated with higher syllable probabilities in glossolalia. We discuss this finding in relation to theories about the sources of probability-related changes in the speech signal.
‘Remoteness was a blessing, but also a potential downfall’: traditional/subsistence and store-bought food access in remote Alaska during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Objective: This study employs a strengths-based approach to assess food access in remote Alaska during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying both the negative consequences of the pandemic on store-bought and subsistence/traditional food access and compensatory strategies used. Design: As a part of a larger study on the impacts of COVID-19 on daily life remote Alaskan communities, study data presented here were collected through key informant interviews (KII) and state-wide online surveys from 21 September 2020 to 31 March 2021 among remote Alaska community members. Setting: This study was conducted with residents of remote communities in Alaska, defined as those off the road system. Remote communities often have small or no grocery stores and rely on subsistence or traditional sources of food. Participants: KII participants (n 36) were majority female (78 %) and Alaska Native (57 %). Survey participants (n 615) were also majority female, 25–54 years old and most had had some post-secondary education or training. Results: Survey and interview data revealed that the pandemic had significant negative impacts on store-bought food access in remote Alaskan communities. Individuals also shared that locally available and wild harvested foods acted as a buffer to some of the loss of access to these store-bought foods, with some people sharing that the harvesting of wild and traditional foods served as a coping strategy during times of pandemic-related stress. Conclusions: The results from this study demonstrate that the remoteness of some Alaskan communities has been both a source of vulnerability and protection in terms of food access.
Analysis of GJB2 gene mutations spectrum and the characteristics of individuals with c.109G>A in Western Guangdong

GJB2 mutations are among the most important causes of deafness, and their prevalence varies greatly among different countries and ethnic groups. This study aimed to determine the pathogenic mutation spectrum of GJB2 in patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) in Western Guangdong and to explore the pathogenic characteristics of the c.109G>A locus.
Seasonal and spatial variation of atmospheric particulate matter in a developing megacity, the Greater Cairo, Egypt

As an example of a developing megacity the Greater Cairo (GC) area in Egypt has been evaluated with respect to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and lead (Pb). Particulate matter was collected during 2001-2002 in the two size fractions PM 2.5 and PM 10 at 17 sites representing different activities (industrial, urban, residential and background condition). The PM concentrations were generally high, with yearly average PM 2.5 and PM 10 values of 85 ± 12 and 170 ± 25 μg/m -3 , respectively. On an annual scale, the high PM levels were due to many sources that included traffic, waste burning and wind blown dust particles emitted from the desert outside GC and the Moqattam hill inside GC. On a seasonal scale, the PM concentrations were highest in the industrial sector during spring, the dusty season, due to the combined effect of dust storm events and anthropogenic emissions over GC. The lowest seasonal concentrations were recorded in the summer season at the background sites. There was a marked increase in PM levels during the period October to December due to burning of waste from harvested rice in the agriculture area in the Nile Delta (north of Cairo). The highest PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio was recorded in the urban sector (0.59) while the lowest ratio was recorded in the residential sector (0.32). The PM 2.5 and PM 10 samples were also analyzed for Pb in order to address the influence of different emission sources. The monthly average concentrations of Pb in both PM2.5 (Pb2.5) and PM 10 (Pb 10 ) varied between 0.4 and 1.8 ± μg m -3 at the non industrial sites. The concentrations were significantly higher in the industrial areas, where concentration up to a maximum of 16 ± g m -3 could be observed. Both the high lead and PM concentrations measured are contributing to local environmental pollution. GC is subjected to high concentrations of particulates most of the year. There is no annual limit for PM 10 concentrations in the Egyptian law of environment, but comparing to the 24 hour average, PM 10 is representing health risks on the long-term that will give both regionally and globally environmental effects. High volume samplers measuring PM 10 as daily average shows that the air quality limit value has been exceeded at sites Heliopolis (35), Maadi (6) and 6th October (13) during 60.47, 79.07, and 62.96% of the measuring period of 2001, and at Shoubra El-Kheima (20), El-Qolaly Sq (1), and Abbasiya (36) during 100.0, 91.7, and 89.8% of the measuring period of 2002. Thus, the evaluation of the data presented in this paper will serve as a basis for future regional and global modelling and source apportionment.
Comparison of a Modern Digital Mechanomyograph to a Mechanomyograph Utilizing an Archival Grass Force Transducer

Background: Mechanomyography is the traditional gold standard research technique for quantitative assessment of neuromuscular blockade. Mechanomyography directly measures the isometric force generated by the thumb in response to ulnar nerve stimulation. Researchers must construct their own mechanomyographs since commercial instruments are no longer available. A mechanomyograph was constructed, and its performance was compared against an archival mechanomyography system from the 1970s that utilized an FT-10 Grass force transducer, hypothesizing that train-of-four ratios recorded on each device would be equivalent. Methods: A mechanomyograph was constructed using 3D-printed components and modern electronics. An archival mechanomyography system was assembled from original components, including an FT-10 Grass force transducer. Signal digitization for computerized data collection was utilized instead of the original paper strip chart recorder. Both devices were calibrated with standard weights to demonstrate linear voltage response curves. The mechanomyographs were affixed to opposite arms of patients undergoing surgery, and the train-of-four ratio was measured during the onset and recovery from rocuronium neuromuscular blockade. Results: Calibration measurements exhibited a positive linear association between voltage output and calibration weights with a linear correlation coefficient of 1.00 for both mechanomyography devices. The new mechanomyograph had better precision and measurement sensitivity than the archival system: 5.3 mV versus 15.5 mV and 1.6 mV versus 5.7 mV, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). A total of 767 pairs of train-of-four ratio measurements obtained from eight patients had positive linear association (R 2 = 0.94; P < 0.001). Bland–Altman analysis resulted in bias of 3.8% and limits of agreement of −13% and 21%. Conclusions: The new mechanomyograph resulted in similar train-of-four ratio measurements compared to an archival mechanomyography system utilizing an FT-10 Grass force transducer. These results demonstrated continuity of gold standard measurement of neuromuscular blockade spanning nearly 50 yr, despite significant changes in the instrumentation technology. The hypothesis that the train-of-four ratios recorded by an archival mechanomyograph would be equivalent to those of a modern laboratory-built mechanomyograph was tested by comparing the train-of-four ratios measured by the two instruments in the contralateral arms of eight anesthetized patients during the onset and recovery from rocuronium neuromuscular blockade. A total of 767 paired train-of-four ratio data points were collected with the archival and new mechanomyography systems. The new laboratory-built mechanomyograph and the archival mechanomyograph obtained essentially interchangeable train-of-four ratio measurements, providing reassurance of comparability of past and future studies performed with these modern mechanomyography systems.
Incidence of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe: A Systematic Review (2005–2020)

Background: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe, but the burden of disease is incompletely described. Methods: We conducted a systematic review across PubMed, EMBASE, and CABI Direct (Global Health) databases, from January 1, 2005, to November 20, 2020, of epidemiological studies reporting incidence of LB in Europe (PROSPERO, CRD42021236906). Results: The systematic review yielded 61 unique articles describing LB incidence (national or subnational) in 25 European countries. Substantial heterogeneity in study designs, populations sampled, and case definitions restricted data comparability. The European Union Concerted Action on Lyme Borreliosis (EUCALB)–published standardized LB case definitions were used by only 13 (21%) of the 61 articles. There were 33 studies that provided national-level LB incidence estimates for 20 countries. Subnational LB incidence was available from an additional four countries (Italy, Lithuania, Norway, and Spain). The highest LB incidences (>100 cases per 100,000 population per year [PPY]) were reported in Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. Incidences were 20–40/100,000 PPY in the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, and Scotland and <20/100,000 PPY in Belarus, Croatia, Denmark, France, Ireland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, and Wales); markedly higher incidences were observed at the subnational level (up to 464/100,000 PPY in specific local areas). Conclusions: Although countries in Northern (Finland) and Western (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland) Europe reported the highest LB incidences, high incidences also were reported in some Eastern European countries. There was substantial subnational variation in incidence, including high incidences in some areas of countries with low overall incidence. This review, complemented by the incidence surveillance article, provides a comprehensive view into LB disease burden across Europe that may guide future preventive and therapeutic strategies—including new strategies on the horizon.
Locally advanced sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinomas: endoscopic endonasal surgery-centered comprehensive treatment provides benefits

Abstract Background Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinomas (SNACCs) are aggressive tumors that show massive expansion and are challenging to treat when locally advanced. Aims To report our experiences with endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) – centered comprehensive treatment and discuss the associated outcomes of these patients. Material and methods A retrospective review of primary locally advanced SNACCs patients was conducted in a single center. EES combined with postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) was used as a comprehensive surgery-centered approach to treat these patients. Results The study included 44 patients with Stage III/IV tumors. The median follow-up duration was 43 months (4–161 months). Forty-two patients underwent PORT. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 61.2% and 46%, respectively. Local recurrence occurred in 7 patients, and 19 patients had distant metastasis. No significant relationship was found between OS and postoperative local recurrence. The OS of patients with Stage IV or exhibiting distant postoperative metastases was shorter than that of other patients. Conclusions and significance Locally advanced SNACCs are not a contraindication for EES. EES-centered comprehensive treatment can ensure satisfactory survival rates and reasonable local control. Function-preserving surgery using EES and PORT may represent an alternative strategy when vital structures are involved.
Efficacy and safety of broad spectrum penicillin with or without beta-lactamase inhibitors vs first and second generation cephalosporins as prophylactic antibiotics during cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract This study assessed the efficacy and safety between broad spectrum penicillin (P2) with or without beta-lactamase inhibitors (P2+) versus first and second generation cephalosporins (C1&C2) in the prevention of post-cesarean infections. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in English and Chinese databases: nine RCTs were involved. Six trials compared P2+ vs C1&C2, no differences were found between interventions for endometritis, wound infection, urinary tract infection, febrile morbidity and maternal rashes. Four trials compared P2 vs C1&C2, no differences were found between interventions for endometritis, febrile morbidity, wound infection and urinary tract infection. Postoperative hospitalization was longer for women in P2 than C1&C2. Based on these results, P2/P2+ and C1&C2 may have similar efficacy on postoperative infections after cesarean section, there is no data on infant outcomes. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022345721.