Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered Function in CD8 (cid:1) T Cells following Paramyxovirus Infection of the Respiratory Tract

For many respiratory pathogens, CD8 (cid:1) T cells have been shown to play a critical role in clearance. However, there are still many unanswered questions with regard to the factors that promote the most efﬁcacious immune response and the potential for immunoregulation of effector cells at the local site of infection. We have used infection of the respiratory tract with the model paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) to study CD8 (cid:1) T-cell responses in the lung. For the present study, we report that over time a population of nonresponsive, virus-speciﬁc CD8 (cid:1) T cells emerged in the lung, culminating in a lack of function in (cid:2) 85% of cells speciﬁc for the immunodominant epitope from the viral matrix (M) protein by day 40 postinfection. Concurrent with the induction of nonresponsiveness, virus-speciﬁc cells that retained function at later times postinfection exhibited an increased requirement for CD8 engagement. This change was coupled with a nearly complete loss of functional phosphoprotein-speciﬁc cells, a response previously shown to be almost exclusively CD8 independent. These studies add to the growing evidence for immune dysregulation following viral infection of the respiratory tract. antigens and not MHC-II antigens, thus restricting IFN- (cid:4) production to MHC-I-restricted T cells. To enumerate the numbers of high- and low-avidity cells, titrated numbers of responders were cultured in the presence or absence of saturating concentrations (as determined by ﬂow cytometric analyses) of anti- CD8 antibody (clone 53-6.72) in the form of ascites. Following 36 to 48 h of coculturing of responder and stimulator cells at 37°C, the plates were developed as described previously (17). The number of spots was determined with the aid of a stereoscope. The relative avidity of cells was determined by the differential sensitivities of high- versus low-avidity CD8 (cid:1) T cells to blocking with anti-CD8 antibody. Higher-avidity T cells produce IFN- (cid:4) in the presence of anti-CD8 blocking antibody following stimulation by antigen-presenting cells (APC) infected with virus, and T cells of lower avidity are blocked by anti-CD8 antibody (2, 17, 31). Nonspeciﬁc spot production was assessed by culturing the highest input number of responder cells in the presence of stimulator cells that were infected with viruses expressing irrelevant antigens (i.e., the HIV glycoprotein, gp160). The number of spots in the absence of infection was negligible. Staining and analysis of CD8 (cid:1) T cells. Cells were stained using anti-CD11a-FITC anti-CD25-PE or anti-CD69-FITC Staining with the SV5-M d tetramer and anti-CD8 -PE or -PerCP 30 min ice. MHC-I peptide tetramer
Human-Nonhuman primate conflict: A fallout of environmental degradation

Assessment of conflict between human and nonhuman primates in Karbi Anglong district, Assam is presented here. Environmental degradation through anthropogenic activities result in overlapping of requirements of human-nonhuman primates which leads to, many a times intense, conflicts. The main threat to the survival of primates in Karbi Anglong is habitat destruction, but there is also an increasing problem of conflict with local people due to crop-raiding. Interviewees reported 410218 hectares, 343012 hectares and 21713.12 hectares of forest land were exploited for shifting cultivation, monocultural practices and encroachments respectively. The present study proposed to envisage the causes of conflict between human-nonhuman primate and perceived impacts of primate crop raiding in Karbi Anglong District. During research it has been reported that 15 numbers of crops species are damaged by primate especially common monkey ( Macaca macaque ) in different season. Interviewees also reported twelve both lethal and nonlethal tools and techniques are used to protect crop and consequently around 158 numbers of primates are harmed every year. However, different marginal mitigation has been proposed to minimize the intense conflicts between human and nonhuman primate.
OTT_A_264786 2917..2927

1Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Obstetrical Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor with high metastatic potential. As a regulatory factor of apoptosis, TATA-box binding protein (TBP) associated factor 9B (TAF9B) is rarely studied in tumors. Methods: We investigated the role and mechanism of TAF9B in OS cells by overexpression and knockdown. CCK8, colony formation, transwell, and flow cytometry analysis were performed to detect proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Results: TAF9B overexpression promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells, while TAF9B knockdown gives the opposite result. TAF9B inhibits apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 and downregulating Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3. Through starBase analysis, it was found that miR-7-5p can bind to the 3ʹUTR region of TAF9B, which is further confirmed by the dual luciferase reporter system assay. MiR-7-5p downregulates the expression of TAF9B in MG63 and U2OS cells. The proliferation and invasion of OS cells are inhibited after miR-7-5p mimics transfection and are promoted after miR-7-5p inhibitor transfection. TAF9B rescues the inhibitory effect of miR-7-5p on OS cells. TAF9B also activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion: According to our results, miR-7-5p inhibits the translation of TAF9B and then suppresses growth and metastasis through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in OS cells, thereby indicating the potential value of miR-7-5p and TAF9B as therapeutic targets for human OS.
Age-related Neural Correlates of Multifeatural Encoding

Past research has demonstrated age-related structural and functional changes that contribute to declines in episodic memory performance. More specifically, there have been age-related functional connectivity changes to key regions including the medial temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex, as well as within the default mode network. Prior studies investigating age-related episodic encoding have either performed activation analyses, or have performed functional connectivity analyses but only regarding memory of a single association or single feature. Hence, age-related connectivity changes for memory of multiple features remain widely unstudied. Using a fMRI multidimensional source memory paradigm, this study sought to further understand the effect of aging on intra-item multifeatural encoding connectivity. Overall, results supported the hypothesis that young adults would display significantly more functional connectivity relative to older adults to the frontal and parietal lobes for multifeatural trials. A majority of these regions were also corroborated by a similar multifeatural inter -item encoding study by James et al. (2019). However, this study was limited by a small sample size and decreased statistical power. Future studies should seek to address these limitations, investigate reconnectivity at retrieval, and attempt to better differentiate between connectivity unique to multifeatural inter-item versus intra-item encoding.
Map-based registration of multi-LiDAR infrastructure sensor setups for real-time applications

The use of infrastructure sensors has proven to be an effective method for recording large traffic datasets. In order to achieve a high data quality for such datasets, an accurate extrinsic calibration of the sensors is essential. While previous approaches are not fast enough or do not fit the use-case of infrastructure sensing, we present a method that is capable of registering LiDAR sensors to a digital map in real-time. We use a mobile infrastructure sensor setup consisting of two measurement units, which we position at different locations with real road traffic. Each measurement unit is equipped with two LiDARs at a mounting height of eight meters. Experiments have shown that our method can perform continuous registration of up to four 128-layer LiDARs. With a voxel size of 0.05 meters used, our method achieves a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.13 meters at an average processing time of 0.05 seconds per frame.
DDoS Attacks as an Important Network Phenomenon

—This paper presents several aspects of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks which have been an important network phenomenon since the end of 1990s. A short introduction to this topic is given here. DoS mechanisms, such as reﬂection and ampliﬁcation, are explained including example attacks. Also, DNS fast ﬂux as a technique for hiding command and control communication (C&C) is described. A short overview of entropy based DDoS detection is given, and an example method explained. Certain methods for attack mitigation (most notably puzzles) are explained, as well.
SELF-ORGANISATION OF INTESTINAL ORGANOIDS IS DRIVEN BY A YAP1-DEPENDENT REGENERATION PROCESS

Complex 3D tissues arise during development following tightly organized events in space and time. In particular, gene regulatory networks and local interactions between single cells lead to emergent prop rti s at the tissue and organism levels. To understand the design principles of tissue organization, we need to characterize individual cells at given times, but we also need to consider the collective behavior of multiple cells across different spatial and temporal scales. In recent years, powerful single cell methods have been developed to characterize cells in tissues and to address the challenging questions of how different tissues are formed throughout development, maintained in homeostasis, and repaired after injury and disease. These approaches have led to a massive increase in data pertaining to both mRNA and protein abundances in single cells. As we review here, these new technologies, in combination with in toto live imaging, now allow us to bridge spatial and temporal information quantitatively at the single cell level and generate a mechanistic understanding of tissue development.
The Demand for External Audit Quality: The Contribution of Agency Theory in the Context of Cameroon

This study examines the effect of agency theory on the demand for external audit quality in Cameroon. Specifically, it looks at the impact of shareholder/manager agency cost, shareholders/creditors agency cost, and majority/minority shareholders agency cost on external audit quality demand in Cameroon. The focus is on a sample of 171 companies drawn from the regions of Littoral, Centre and North-West using questionnaires. We assess the explanatory power of agency theory on the demand for a better quality of audit in the Cameroonian context by modelling external audit quality as a function of agency costs. The logistic regression analysis allows us to study the nature of any possible interaction. The analysis shows that while an increase in shareholder/creditor agency cost and an increase in shareholder/manager agency cost negatively affect the demand for audit quality, the majority/minority agency cost and the size of the audited client positively and significantly affect the demand for audit quality. as the percentage of the ownership represented by the shareholders who attend the general meeting. They measured audit quality by auditor industry specialisation, audit firm size, and auditor fees. To examine the relationship between SPGM and audit quality, they used a sample of 576 firm-years from the Iranian capital market between 2012 and 2018 and employed multivariate regression analysis. Their findings show that, in general, there is an insignificant
DDDT_A_285522 5405..5418

1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, kingdom of saudi arabia; 2Department of Quality Control & Quality Assurance, Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines, Cairo, Egypt; 3College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, kingdom of saudi arabia; 4National Medicine Quality Control Laboratory, National Medicine and Poisons Board, Sudan; 5King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, kingdom of saudi arabia Introduction: Controlling the drug release from the dosage form at a definite rate is the main challenge for a successful oral controlled-release drug delivery system. In this study, mini-tablets (MTs) and lipid/polymer nanoparticles (LPNs) of lipid polymer and chitosan in different ratios were designed to encapsulate and control the release time of Amoxicillin (AMX). Methods: Physical characteristics and in vitro release profiles of both MT and LPN formulations were studied. Antimicrobial activity and oral pharmacokinetics of the optimum MT and LPN formulations in comparison to market tablet were studied in rats. Results: All designed formulations of AMX as MTs and LPNs showed accepted characteristics. MT-6 (Compritol/Chitosan 1:1) showed the greatest retardation among all prepared minitablet preparations, releasing about 79.5% of AMX over 8 h. In contrast, LPN-11 (AMX: Cr 1:3/Chitosan 1 mg/mL) had the slowest drug release, revealing the sustained release of 80.9% within 8 h. The MIC of both optimized tablet formula (MT-6) and LPNs formula (LPN-11) was around two-fold lower than the control against H. pylori. The Cmax of MT-6 and LPN11 were non significantly different compared with the marketed AMX product. While the bioavailability experiment proved that the relative bioavailability of the AMX was 1.85 and 1.8 after the oral use of LPN11 and MT-6, respectively, compared to the market tablet. Conclusion: The results verified that both controlled-release mini-tablets and lipid/polymer nanoparticles can be used for sustaining the release and hence improve the bioavailability of amoxicillin.
Sympathetic Innervation in the MPTP Primate Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Cardiac sympathetic denervation occurs commonly in Parkinson’s disease. This study explored whether analogous denervation occurs in primates with parkinsonism from systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). 6-[ 18 F]Fluorodopamine positron emission tomographic scanning and plasma levels of catecholamines and their deaminated metabolites were used to assess sympathetic and adrenomedullary function in rhesus monkeys, in the untreated state (N=3), 2 weeks after a series of 4 MPTP injections, before establishment of parkinsonism (acute phase, N=1); a month later, after 4 more MPTP doses, associated with severe parkinsonism (subacute phase, N=1); or more than 2 years from the last dose (remote phase, N=3), with persistent severe parkinsonism. A positive control received i.v. 6-hydroxydopamine 1 week before 6-[ 18 F]fluorodopamine scanning. Acute MPTP treatment increased cardiac 6-[ 18 F]fluorodopamine-derived radioactivity, whereas 6-hydroxydopamine markedly decreased cardiac radioactivity, despite similarly low plasma levels of catecholamines and metabolites after either treatment. Subacutely, plasma catecholamines remained decreased, but now with myocardial 6-[ 18 F]fluorodopamine-derived radioactivity also decreased. Remotely, MPTP-treated monkeys had lower plasma catecholamines and higher myocardial 6[ 18 F]fluorodopamine-derived radioactivity than did untreated animals. The results indicate that in non-human primates, systemic MPTP administration produces multiphasic effects on peripheral catecholamine systems, with nearly complete recovery by 2 years. MPTP- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced changes differ markedly, probably from ganglionic or preganglionic neurotoxicity with the former and more severe cardiac sympathetic neurotoxicity with the latter. Because of multiphasic sympathetic and adrenomedullary effects, without cardioselective
Comparison of diet and otolith growth of juvenile wild ﬁsh communities at ﬁsh farms and natural habitats ICES Journal of Marine Science

Comparison of diet and otolith growth of juvenile wild ﬁsh communities at ﬁsh farms and natural habitats. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72: 916–929. Juvenile ﬁsh of . 20 different species use offshore ﬂoating sea cages as settlement habitats in the Mediterranean Sea. In the present work, surveys were conducted to identify differences between species composition and abundance of new settlers among farms and control rocky-shore envir-onmentsandtotestforvariationintheirdiets.Alongwiththis,otolithgrowthandmorphologyanalyseswerealsoappliedtobetterunderstandtheconsequencesfortheecologyandgrowthperformanceofseveralﬁshspeciesthatusecoastalfarmsasrecruitmenthabitatsinthesouthwesternMediterraneanSea. Resultsshowedthatﬁshfarmsareactingasanewhabitatforthesettlementofjuvenileﬁshandthatdetectedabundancecouldbecomparedwiththatfoundatnaturalhabitatssuchasshallowrockyenvironments. However,aconsistentpatternforallthestudiedspecieswasasigniﬁcantvariationinotolith-shapedescriptors,principallyidentiﬁedthroughtheAspectRatioindex,whichwaslowerforthefarm-associatedspecies Atherina boyeri , Oblada melanura , and Sarpa salpa . Otolith modiﬁcations were effectively detected by elliptic Fourier descriptors since multivariate analysis correctly identiﬁed farm or control origin at 78.8, 85.1, and 86.1% for A. boyeri , O. melanura , and S. salpa individuals, respect-ively. According to these results, ﬁsh farms may offer new settlement habitat for several ﬁsh species on open coastal areas and provide resources equivalent to rocky habitats, but at the same time causing some effect on ﬁsh growth as a potential consequence of the availability of particulate organic matter derived from feed pellets.
Fauna associated with the marine macro alga Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kutzing, (Chlorophyceae) in Pulicat estuary, Tamil Nadu, India

In the present study, an attempt was made to find out the animal associates of the seaweed Chaetomorpha aerea , at four sampling stations during the monsoon seasons in Pulicat estuary, India. A total of 5964 specimens were sorted and examined, twenty-one phytal fauna species were associated with the macroalga Chaetomorpha aerea. The data analysis showed that the phytal fauna in C. aerea mainly occupied by Gastropods followed by Amphipods, Decapods, Isopods and Polychaetes. The faunal composition of C. aerea ranged between 1.41 and 36.63%. The quantitative data indicated the dominant occurrence of Neritidae (62.47%) and Potamididae (9.94%), followed by Corophiidae (14.84%), Paguridae (3.31%) and Portunidae (0.97%) Cirolanidae (2.63%), Nereidae (2.26%) and Penaeidae (3.54%). The present study constitutes the first baseline approach to the Phytal fauna diversity of the seaweed C. aerea at the Pulicat Tamil Nadu, India.
The Effect of Training Interventions on Change of Direction Biomechanics Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading: A Scoping Review

Change of direction (COD) manoeuvres are associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk due to the propensity to generate large multiplanar knee joint loads. Given the short- and long-term consequences of ACL injury, practitioners are interested in methods that reduce knee joint loads and subsequent ACL loading. An effective strategy to reduce ACL loading is modifying an athlete’s movement mechanics to reduce knee joint loading. The purpose of this scoping review was to critically appraise and comprehensively synthesise the existing literature related to the effects of training interventions on COD biomechanics associated with increased knee joint loads and subsequent ACL loading, and identify gaps and recommend areas for future research. A review of the literature was conducted using Medline and Sport DISCUS databases. Inclusion criteria consisted of pre-post analysis of a COD task, a minimum 4-week training intervention, and assessments of biomechanical characteristics associated with increased ACL loading. Of the 1,027 articles identified, 22 were included in the scoping review. Based on current literature, balance training and COD technique modification are the most effective training modalities for reducing knee joint loading (small to moderate effect sizes). One study reported dynamic core stability training was effective in reducing knee joint loads, but further research is needed to definitively confirm the efficacy of this method. Perturbation-enhanced plyometric training, the F-MARC 11 + soccer specific warm-up, Oslo Neuromuscular warm-up, and resistance training are ineffective training modalities to reduce COD knee joint loads. Conflicting findings have been observed for the Core-Pac and mixed training programme. Consequently, practitioners should consider incorporating balance and COD technique modification drills into their athletes’ training programmes to reduce potentially hazardous knee joint loads when changing direction. However, training intervention studies can be improved by investigating larger sample sizes (> 20), including a control group, acknowledging measurement error when interpreting their findings, and considering performance implications, to confirm the effectiveness of training interventions and improve adherence.
Inﬂuence of Solid Content, Cement / Tailings Ratio, and Curing Time on Rheology and Strength of Cemented Tailings Backﬁll

: Understanding the ﬂow process of cemented tailings backﬁll (CTB) is important for successful pumping into underground stopes. This study examines the e ﬀ ects of solid content (SC), cement / tailings (c / t) ratio, and curing time (CT) on rheological and mechanical properties of CTB mixes. The slurry concentration of the mixes was 65, 67, and 69 wt. %, with c / t ratios ranging from 1:4 to 1:20. Unconﬁned compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed on hardened CTB mixes after curing 3, 7, and 28 days. The rheological properties of CTB slurries are mainly related to SC. The yield stress and viscosity of fresh mixes increase with increasing SC, but the pipeline resistance loss (PRL) also increases with increasing SC. According to the analysis of variance, the SC and ﬂow rate are the most signiﬁcant parameters which greatly a ﬀ ect the PRL performance. The c / t and CT parameters are the most signiﬁcant parameters for a ﬀ ecting the shrinkage rate. The ﬁndings o ﬀ er a reference for theoretical optimization for mine ﬁlling systems of similar type.
Genome Size and Structure Determine Efﬁciency of Postinternalization Steps and Gene Transfer of Capsid-Modiﬁed Adenovirus Vectors in a Cell-Type-Speciﬁc Manner

Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors containing Ad B-group ﬁbers have become increasingly popular as gene transfer vectors because they efﬁciently transduce human cell types that are relatively refractory to Ad5 infection. So far, most B-group ﬁber-containing vectors have been ﬁrst-generation vectors, deleted of E1 and/or E3 genes. Transduction with these vectors, however, results in viral gene expression and is associated with cytotoxicity and immune responses against transduced cells. To circumvent these problems, we developed ﬁber-chimeric Ad vectors devoid of all viral genes that were produced either by the homologous recombination of ﬁrst-generation vectors or by using the Cre/lox-based helper virus system. In this study we compared early steps of infection between ﬁrst-generation (35-kb genome) and Ad vectors devoid of all viral genes with genome sizes of 28 kb and 12.6 kb. All vectors possessed an Ad35-derived ﬁber knob domain, which uses CD46 as a primary attachment receptor. Using immortalized human hematopoietic cell lines and primary human CD34-positive hematopoietic cells, we found that the Ad genome size did not affect the efﬁciency of