Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistics of decaying Burgers turbulence

Freely decaying Burgers turbulence at low and moderate Reynolds number R is studied by mapping closure and by numerical simulations. Good agreement is found for the single‐point probability distribution function (pdf) of velocity gradient ξ, for wave number spectra, and for various integral statistical quantities. The pdf of ξ exhibits a nearly exponential tail at large negative ξ, and a cusp with sharp cutoff at a positive value of ξ. The pdf of fluid density has a power‐law tail, so that high‐order moments of density do not exist. Asymptotic analysis of the mapping closure as R→∞ yields an inertial‐range wave number spectrum of kinetic energy with the form E(k)∝k−2. The pdf cusp becomes infinite as R→∞ and gives rise to a flatness
Orientational Preferences of GPI-Anchored Ly6/uPAR Proteins

Ly6/uPAR proteins regulate many essential functions in the nervous and immune systems and epithelium. Most of these proteins contain single β-structural LU domains with three protruding loops and are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored to a membrane. The GPI-anchor role is currently poorly studied. Here, we investigated the positional and orientational preferences of six GPI-anchored proteins in the receptor-unbound state by molecular dynamics simulations. Regardless of the linker length between the LU domain and GPI-anchor, the proteins interacted with the membrane by polypeptide parts and N-/O-glycans. Lynx1, Lynx2, Lypd6B, and Ly6H contacted the membrane by the loop regions responsible for interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, while Lypd6 and CD59 demonstrated unique orientations with accessible receptor-binding sites. Thus, GPI-anchoring does not guarantee an optimal ‘pre-orientation’ of the LU domain for the receptor interaction.
The Power of Doing: A Learning Exercise that Brings the Central Limit Theorem to Life

This article demonstrates an active learning technique for teaching the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) in an introductory undergraduate business statistics class. Groups of students carry out one of two experiments in the lab, tossing a die in sets of 5 rolls or tossing a die in sets of 10 rolls. They are asked to calculate the sample average of each experiment. An easy-to-use Excel template is designed to calculate the averages from the students' dice rolls. Empirical histograms are generated dynamically for both sample sizes of 5 and 10 rolls, visually demonstrating the convergence toward a bell-shaped distribution for the sample means. Our classroom experiences with the learning approach show that most students view it as fun and valuable to their learning of the concepts underlying the CLT.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Offending as a Function of Acquired Brain Injury Among Men in a High Secure Forensic Psychiatric Hospital

Background Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a serious problem that disproportionately affects individuals in correctional services, but relatively little is known about ABI risks and correlates in forensic psychiatric services. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of all admissions to a high secure forensic hospital in Ontario, Canada from January 2009 to December 2012 (n = 637) and collected data on ABI, psychiatric diagnoses, developmental disadvantage, criminal offending, and in-hospital aggression. A k-means cluster analysis was employed to assess risk factors by which men with ABI could be identified and multivariate general linear models were used to identify ABI-related differences in offending history and in-hospital aggression. Results One-fifth of the men had a documented ABI indicator. Based on our cluster analysis, ABI was more likely to be identified by greater adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), more health problems from pregnancy to childhood, and lower socioeconomic status, suggesting that ABI within the forensic context is associated with greater developmental disadvantage. Men with ABI had more serious pre-admission offences, but not more serious admission offences or in-hospital aggression. Men with ABI were more likely than those without to have higher scores on the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide or to be diagnosed with mood and personality disorders, and less likely to have a schizophrenia diagnosis, suggesting an association between ABI and general mental health pathologies but not with psychotic illness. Conclusions The disadvantage of ABI among men in forensic psychiatric hospitals is most likely evinced in antisocial behaviour rather than serious mental illness. Given that ACEs are likely to precede or co-occur with ABI, strategies that mitigate ACEs hold promise for ABI prevention.
Mapping Agricultural Drainage Extent in the U.S. Corn Belt: The Value of Multiple Methods

Highlights A new 30 m resolution drainage extent dataset is explorable through an online web interface. Alternative methods of mapping drainage extent have advantages in different locations. Multiple drainage extent datasets provide tools for improved hydrology assessment in the Corn Belt. Abstract. Artificial drainage is essential to agricultural productivity in much of the Midwest, and has an important impact on hydrology and water quality. Planners, engineers, resource professionals, and others who are interested in Corn Belt hydrology would benefit from increased understanding of existing drainage installations. The objective of this work is to increase access to and understanding of options for estimating subsurface/surface drainage extent and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods to benefit data users who need to know what products are appropriate for their specific application. This includes creating an online accessible drainage estimate data layer for the entire Corn Belt region; comparing three different drainage extent products for this region and investigating the various applications of these three products in four case study locations in Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, and Minnesota. Results show how different drainage datasets can be utilized depending on the nature of the research question and conditions of the investigation. Keywords: Agricultural drainage extent, Geospatial analysis, Tile drainage.
Gender differences in parental involvement and adolescents' mathematics achievement

How does parents' involvement in school differ for sons and daughters, and what difference does it make in the gender gap in mathematics achievement ? This article reports on a longitudinal study of the impact of parental involvement on adolescents' mathematics achievement from Grade 8 to 12. The study found that gender differences in scores on mathematics achievement tests were small but consistent among high school seniors. Gender differences in Grade 8 test scores and gains from Grade 8 to 10 were found only when parental involvement was controlled. The relationship between parental involvement and achievement is similar for girls and boys and diminishes over the course of high school to the point that parental involvement has essentially no relationship to the gains in achievement made by seniors.
Spatio-temporal Integration of Speech Reflections in Hearing-Impaired Listeners

Speech recognition in rooms requires the temporal integration of reflections which arrive with a certain delay after the direct sound. It is commonly assumed that there is a certain temporal window of about 50–100 ms, during which reflections can be integrated with the direct sound, while later reflections are detrimental to speech intelligibility. This concept was challenged in a recent study by employing binaural room impulse responses (RIRs) with systematically varied interaural phase differences (IPDs) and amplitude of the direct sound and a variable number of reflections delayed by up to 200 ms. When amplitude or IPD favored late RIR components, normal-hearing (NH) listeners appeared to be capable of focusing on these components rather than on the precedent direct sound, which contrasted with the common concept of considering early RIR components as useful and late components as detrimental. The present study investigated speech intelligibility in the same conditions in hearing-impaired (HI) listeners. The data indicate that HI listeners were generally less able to “ignore” the direct sound than NH listeners, when the most useful information was confined to late RIR components. Some HI listeners showed a remarkable inability to integrate across multiple reflections and to optimally “shift” their temporal integration window, which was quite dissimilar to NH listeners. This effect was most pronounced in conditions requiring spatial and temporal integration and could provide new challenges for individual prediction models of binaural speech intelligibility.
Survival and growth of Common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances in North-Eastern Bulgaria

Two provenance tests in North-Eastern Bulgaria have been studied, whose purpose is to test the response of beech provenances from Southern Germany to the drier and warmer climatic conditions in Bulgaria, in order to predict how they would perform in a warming and drying climate. The provenance tests were established in the spring of 2010 in the area of the Varbitza and Kipilovo Forest Services with 2-year-old seedlings in a 2 x 1 m scheme in 3 replications. Four provenances of common beech were studied - 2 German (Silberbach and Ebersdorf) and 2 Bulgarian (Petrohan and Berkovitza). On the 12th year after afforestation, an inventory and measurements of the height and root collar diameter were carried out. The results were processed statistically by applying one and two-factor analysis of variance, as well as Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. A higher survival rate was found in the provenance test in Kipilovo. The Bulgarian provenances Petrohan and Berkovitza were characterized by better growth in height in both provenance tests, and in root collar diameter - provenance Petrohan. Provenance Ebersdorf could be recommended for use in drier and warmer places in Southern Germany.
Multi-Object Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (MOIRCS) for the Subaru Telescope* I. Imaging

MOIRCS is a fully cryogenic near-infrared instrument for the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope. MOIRCS has two observation modes: a wide-field imaging mode and a multiobject spectroscopy mode. This paper describes the imaging mode, its specifications, and actual performances that we confirmed through laboratory tests and commissioning observations. The imaging mode provides a 40 70 field of view with a pixel scale of 0:00117 pixel 1 in the wavelength range of 0.85 to 2.5 m using cooled optics and two 2048 2048 HgCdTe HAWAII-2 focal plane arrays. Good-quality images are obtained over the entire field of view with practically no chromatic aberration. The limiting magnitudes for a point source estimated from observed background brightness and throughput are 23.7 in the J band, 23.0 in the H band, and 22.6 in the Ks band (Vega) with S=N = 5, 0:005 seeing, 1:000 aperture, and 1 hr exposure.
A practical extension of the 3ω method to multilayer structures

An improved data reduction method is used to extend the popular 3ω method to general layered geometries. This approach utilizes an unapproximated analytical solution, cast in terms of thermal impedance, to simultaneously measure thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, conductivity anisotropy, and interlayer contact resistance in multilayer planar structures. This method places no restrictions on the number or thickness of individual material layers, and it allows experimental measurements to be taken over a much wider range of frequencies than was previously possible. The search algorithm associated with the model is straightforward, robust, and requires no specialized software to compose. Experimental results are presented for a two-layer borosilicate glass/zeolite structure as well as a Si∕SiO2 structure. In both instances, the algorithm was able to simultaneously extract thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values using a single series of 3ω measurements.
RATES OF CONVERGENCE FOR THE GAUSSIAN MIXTURE SIEVE

Gaussian mixtures provide a convenient method of densityestimation that lies somewhere between parametric models and kernel densityestimators. When the number of components of the mixture is allowed to increase as sample size increases, the model is called a mixture sieve. We establish a bound on the rate of convergence in Hellinger distance for densityestimation using the Gaussian mixture sieve assuming that the true density is itself a mixture of Gaussians; the underlying mixing measure of the true densityis not necessarilyassumed to have finite support. Computing the rate involves some delicate calculations since the size of the sieve—as measured bybracketing entropy—and the saturation rate, cannot be found using standard methods. When the mixing measure has compact support, using kn ∼ n 2/3 /� log n� 1/3 components in the mixture yields a rate of order � log n� � 1+η� /6/n1/6 for every η> 0� The rates depend heavilyon the tail behavior of the true density. The sensitivity to the tail behavior is diminished byusing a robust sieve which includes a long-tailed component in the
Effect of moisture and active ingredient concentration on CCA-C retention

The strategy of wood preservative treatment companies is to control the factors that influence retention, such as the concentration of the preservative solution and wood moisture, to reach values higher and closer to the standard minimum. The objective of this study was to reduce the consumption of Chromated Copper Arsenate type C (CCA-C) without affecting the quality of the treatment by determining the most efficient wood moisture interval for two genotypes of Eucalyptus sp. at different concentrations of active ingredients. A total of 54 fence posts of the species E. cloeziana and the hybrid E. camaldulensis x E. urophylla were treated. The pieces were randomly selected from three drying piles with different storage times in the yard (long, intermediate, and short). The active ingredient concentrations tested were 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6%. Retention analysis was performed to evaluate the quality of the preservative treatment. For both analyzed materials, the lowest and highest average retention values were observed in short and long storage piles and concentrations of 1.2% and 1.6% A.I. CCA-C, respectively. For E. cloeziana , only posts with a long storage time and treated with 1.6% of CCA-C were considered suitable for use in contact with the soil, according to the Brazilian standard, while for the clonal hybrid, posts with intermediate and long storage times, treated with 1.6% of CCA-C were considered suitable for use in contact with the soil. It was observed that CCA-C retention in the studied fence posts was directly influenced by the concentration of active ingredient in the preservative solution and by the storage time of the materials in the yard.
Combined Orobol-Bentonite Composite Formulation for Effective Topical Skin Targeted Therapy in Mouse Model

Purpose Orobol is an isoflavone that has a potent skin protection effect. The objective of this study was to prepare a novel bentonite-based composite formulation of orobol to enhance topical skin delivery. Methods The composition was optimized based on the orobol content in the composite and the in vitro release studies, followed by the in vitro and in vivo hairless mouse skin deposition studies. Physicochemical characterizations of the composite formulation were performed by powder X-ray refractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity studies were conducted in human keratinocytes and in hairless mouse, respectively. Results and Discussions The in vitro release of orobol from the bentonite composites was higher than that from the suspension, which was further increased with the addition of phosphatidylcholine. The composite formulation significantly enhanced the in vitro and in vivo skin deposition of orobol in hairless mouse skin compared to the orobol suspension. Moreover, the addition of phosphatidyl choline not only improved the dissolution and incomplete release of orobol from the bentonite composite but also enhanced the deposition of orobol in the skin. XRD histograms and SEM images confirmed that the enhanced dissolution of orobol from the composite was attributed to its amorphous state on bentonite. The in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies support the safety and biocompatibility of the orobol-loaded bentonite composite formulation. Conclusion These findings suggest that the orobol-loaded bentonite composite formulation could be a potential topical skin delivery system for orobol.
IPPS Sampling Plans Excluding Adjacent Units

The concept of inclusion probability proportional to size sampling plans excluding adjacent units separated by at most a distance of m (≥ 1) units {IPPSEA plans} is introduced. IPPSEA plans ensure that the first-order inclusion probabilities of units are proportional to size measures of the units, while the second-order inclusion probabilities are zero for pairs of adjacent units separated by a distance of m units or less. IPPSEA plans have been obtained by making use of binary, proper, and unequireplicated block designs and linear programing approach. The performance of IPPSEA plans using Horvitz–Thompson estimator of population total has been compared with existing sampling plans such as simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR), balanced sampling plans excluding adjacent units {BSA (m) plans}, probability proportional to size with replacement, Hartley and Rao's plan (1962), Rao et al.'s strategy (1962), and Sampford's IPPS plan (1967) using a real life population. Unbiased estimation of Horvitz–Thompson estimator of population total is not possible in these types of plans because some of the second-order inclusion probabilities are zero. To resolve this problem, one approximate variance estimation technique has been suggested.
Item-Option Weighting of Achievement Tests: Comparative Study of Methods

Previous research has studied the effects of dif ferent methods of item-option weighting on the re liability and the concurrent and predictive validity of achievement tests. Generally, increases in relia bility are found, but with mixed results for validity. This research attempted to interrelate several methods of producing option weights (i.e., Gutt man internal and external weights and judges' weights) and examined their effects on reliability and on concurrent, predictive, and face validity. Option weights to maximize reliability produced cross-validated (N = 974) increases in Hoyt reli ability over rights-only scoring (.82 versus .58, re spectively) ; decreases in correlations with other achievement tests; few changes in predictive valid ity ; and a loss in face validity (i.e., some correct op tions had lower weights than incorrect options). Weights to maximize validity did not cross-validate and led to a reduction in reliability and to mixed validity results. Judges' weights produced increases in reliability and mixed results with validity. The size of Guttman weights were shown to interact with item-option and test characteristics. It was concluded that option weighting offered limited, if any, improvement over unit weighting.
Physicochemical Properties of Fresh Floury Corn Kernels Affected by Refrigeration and Packaging

Fresh corn, or tender kernels, is one of the more commonly used traditional foods for human consumption in Latin American countries. Still, it is perishable, and there are few studies of conservation techniques to improve product use. This study aimed to evaluate storage temperature, packaging type, and husk presence during preservation on the quality of corn in the postharvest period. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness, weight loss, respiration intensity, and color were quantified. The results showed that quality is better preserved at 4 °C, with lower weight loss, lower respiration intensity, reduced titratable acidity, and less grain hardening. Likewise, corn ears with 100 % husk and packaging maintained better quality than corn ears without husk and packaging, which highlights the importance of husk presence and packaging for preserving fresh corn, such as corn on the cob.
Differential Forms, Metrics, and the Reflectionless Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves

Two classes of formulations are prevalent on the perfectly matched layer (PML) concept for the reflectionless absorption of electromagnetic waves. In the first, additional degrees of freedom modify the curl and div operators of Maxwell's equations. This results in the so-called non-Maxwellian PML. The original Berenger formulation belongs to this class. The non-Maxwellian PML can be systematically derived by an analytic continuation of the coordinate space to a complex variables coordinate space (complex-space) which permits the extension of the PML to general geometries and media. In the second class of PML formulations, the additional degrees of freedom are entirely incorporated into modified constitutive tensors and the usual Maxwell's equations are recovered. This results in a Maxwellian PML. Interestingly enough, for all cases where the non-Maxwellian PML was derived, a Maxwellian PML was also later derived. This suggests a duality between the formulations and the possibility of a fundamental reason .
Teacher profesionalism in fostering students’ creativity

Student creativity is essential to improve. One thing that affects this is the teacher's professionalism because it is the main factor in the success of student learning so that it produces and develops creativity. This study aims to describe the factors that increase student creativity and teacher efforts to increase student creativity. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques were interviews with the subject teachers and principals, observation, and documentation. Furthermore, the technical data analysis used were data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that in the learning process, the teacher always plays a significant role so that students can develop their creativity. Four roles must be performed by the teacher: the teacher's role as a class manager; the teacher's role as an evaluator; the teacher's role as a facilitator; and the teacher's role as a demonstrator. In the learning process, the teacher always encourages his students. The teacher has also used learning media.
Dietary betaine reduces incidence of follicular cyst in post-partum Karan Fries cows during hot-humid season

The objective of this study was to investigate the heat stress ameliorating effect of dietary betaine in reducing the risk of development of follicular cyst in dairy cows during hot-humid season. Eighteen pre-parturient Karan Fries (KF) cows in their 2nd to 5th parity were selected and assigned to 2 groups of 9 cows each on basis of parity and body weight. One group of cows was kept as control and other as treatment (50 g betaine/day/cow). Environmental variables and temperature humidity index (THI) of sheds were recorded during the experimental period. Body weight, dry matter intake (DMI), plasma non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and cortisol levels were measured in both groups at fortnightly interval. Trans-rectal B-mode real time ultrasonography was performed weekly for diagnosis of follicular cyst. Results showed nonsignificant increase in mean DMI (1.86Â±0.12 kg vs 1.79Â±0.12 kg per 100 kg body weight) and overall body weight (416.76Â±10.24 kg vs 411.33Â±11.07 kg) in treatment group compared to control group. Plasma NEFA concentrations were lower in treatment group as compared to control (329.42Â±29.08 Î¼mol/L vs 407.05Â±15.68 Î¼mol/L). Plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly lower in treatment group as compared to control group (4.91Â±0.68 ng/ml vs 6.89Â±0.49 ng/ml). In control group, 22.22% cows had follicular cyst on their ovaries whereas no follicular cyst was found in betaine supplemented cows. It can be concluded that supplementation of 50 g betaine/cow/day reduces the incidence of follicular cyst along with reduction in plasma NEFA and cortisol levels.