Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
El aprendizaje de las ciencias sociales y las diferencias basadas en el género en aicle. Un estudio preliminar.

This article shows the preliminary results of a longitudinal study that aims to (i) determine the impact of bilingual education on the acquisition of contents related to social sciences, and (ii) its effect on the reduction of gender-based achievement differences. To this end, the results of students in the 4th year of primary education (n = 119) of one bilingual and one nonbilingual school located in an urban area were compared. It was guaranteed that the groups were homogeneous in terms of socio-economic level, that they had received a similar teaching methodology and same amount of social science teaching hours (3 hours a week). The results showed (i) the students who received the subject of social sciences in English had acquired knowledge in a similar manner to those who had received it in their mother tongue and (ii) the bilingual education levelled the gender differences observed in the non-bilingual school in favour of males.
Determination of Some Biological Characteristics of Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

This study was conducted to determine some biological characteristics of Calosoma sycophanta L. under laboratory conditions between 2001 and 2003 in Kahramanmaras. The adult emergence period of C. sycophanta started at the end of February and extended until the first week of March (from soil). When they emerged, they fed on caterpillars of the pine processionary moth. After 1-1.5 weeks of feeding, adult beetles copulated and deposited their eggs into humid soil. The oviposition period continued for 20-25 days. The first instars hatched from eggs within 6-13 days. The first instars were 7-8 mm in length and dirty whitish–yellow, but turned black within 1-1.5 h. Three larval instars were observed. The beetle became a pupa in June and this stage continued for 9 to 16 days. The biology of the predator was well synchronized with the that of pine processionary moths in the region.
THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHOEA VIRUSES FROM CATTLE IN SOUTH AFRICA

A limited number of scientific publications dealing with aspects of BVDV infection have emanated from southern Africa. This study describes the isolation of BVD viruses, gene sequence analysis of the 5' non-translated region (5' NTR) of the genome, the generation of phylogenetic data of local strains and the recording of clinical signs associated with each isolate. Specimens (n=352) collected during 1998-1999, from live and dead animals from different farming systems, were obtained from private practitioners, feedlot consultants and abattoirs throughout the country. Specimens from buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park were included as specimens from dead animals. Three cell lines and 200 tubes of pooled foetal bovine sera were also processed. Standard cell culture techniques to isolate virus were followed. Techniques designed to detect BVDV antigen or nucleic acid such as antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction, were used on blood, organs and cell lines. The indirect fluorescent antibody test was used for antibody detection. University of Pretoria etd – Kabongo, P N (2005)
Integrins : molecular and biological responses to the extracellular matrix

J.W. SMITH, The Structural Basis of Integrin-Ligand (RGD) Interaction. M.A. SCHWARTZ, Integrins as Signal Transducing Receptors. K.O. SIMON and K. BURRIDGE, Interactions Between Integrins and the Cytoskeleton: Structure and Regulation. J ASHKENAS, C.H. DAMSKY, M.J. BISSELL, And Z.WERB, Integrins, Signaling, And the Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix. T. LALLIER, M.D. HENS, And D.W. DESIMONE, Integrins in Development. V QUARANTA, R.N. TAMURA, G. COLLO, H.M. COOPER, M. HORMIA, C. ROZZO, G. GAIETTA, And L. STARR, Distinctive Functions of Alpha6beta4 and Other Interactions in Epithelial Cells. M.J. ELICES, Leukocyte Integrins. T.J. KUNICKI and Z.R. RUGGERI, Molecular Properties of Human Platelet Integrin Alphaiibbeta3. J.M. STADEL, A.J. NICHOLS, D.R. BERTOLINI, And J.M. SAMANEN, Therapeutic Potential of Integrin Antagonists. Subject Index.
Influence of temperature and species origin on Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale pathogenicity to wheat seedlings.

Hudec K. , Muchova D. (2010): Influence of temperature and species origin on Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale pathogenicity to wheat seedlings. Plant Protect. Sci., 46: 59–65. The influence of temperature and species origin on the in vitro growth rate and pathogenicity of Fusarium and Microdochium nivale (F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, and M. nivale) to wheat seedlings was examined. The mycelial growth of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. poae was the fastest at 25°C, and of M. nivale at 15°C. The isolates of F. culmorum, F. graminearum and F. poae originating from mountain regions grew significantly faster at 15°C than those from flatland regions. The isolates from flatland regions grew significantly faster at 25°C than those from mountain regions. F. culmorum and F. graminearum were the most pathogenic species to the root development. The retardation of wheat grain germination caused by the tested species was assessed in descending order: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, M. nivale, F. avenaceum, F. poae. The biomass growth retardation at 15°C was assessed in descending order: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, M. nivale, F. avenaceum, F. poae; at 25°C as follows: F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, M. nivale, F. poae. The isolates of M. nivale and F. poae originating from mountain regions were significantly more pathogenic than those from flatland regions. The results suggest that there exist different temperature ecotypes and pathotypes of Fusarium species and Microdochium nivale across the territory of the Slovak Republic.
Embryo and seedling development in Picea glauca (Moench) Voss after self-, cross- and wind-pollination.

With few exceptions (e. g. Pinus resinosa; FOWLER, 1962), self-pollination in igymnosperms results in inbreelding depressions. This can lbring albout a reduction in sleed set, germination capacity and vigor, ldefor~meid growth, retarded flowering an'd varying degrees of allbinism. However, the production of even a few viable seeds demonstrates that self-incomplatilbility is not completely established in the group, and several species of conifers include relatively self-compatible individuals (see BINGHAM anld SQUILLACE, 1955). A common feature is the great variation in selfcompatibility among individuals of a species, e. g. Picea abies (ANDERSSON, 1947 ja, b).
An overview of the variational assimilation in the ALADIN/France numerical weather‐prediction system

We present an overview of the 3D‐Var data assimilation in the framework of the ALADIN/France model. The purpose of this system is to provide improved precipitation forecasts at mesoscale and in the short range, up to 18 hours. The goal of the paper is threefold. Firstly, we present initial considerations for the design of the 3D‐Var system. Secondly, we discuss in more detail the specification of the background‐error covariance matrix, by comparing three different error simulation techniques, namely two variants of the NMC method and an ensemble‐based approach. The formal, diagnostic and impact studies have led to the selection of the ensemblebased covariances for the ALADIN/France assimilation. Thirdly, scores of quantitative precipitation forecasts are shown in order to illustrate the robustness and the preliminary meteorological performance of the ALADIN/France assimilation suite. The results indicate that the tested configuration improves some aspects of the precipitation forecast, while being neutral for others, when compared with the spin‐up model.
Impact of Fertilization Rate on ICSI Outcome and Pregnancy Rate for Unexplained Subfertile Couples

Fifty subfertility couples were involved in the present study during their attendance at the fertility clinic at Al-Sadder teaching hospital in Al-Najaf/Iraq throughout a period from January 2018 to January 2019 to undergo intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Details history and physical examination were done for every subject participated in this study. Fertilization rate (FR) was calculated as percentage transformation of microinjected oocytes into two pronuclei. A categorical variable of FR defined based on 50% FR grouped couples; Group I with FR>50% and Group II with FR>50%. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of fertilization rate on ICSI outcome and pregnancy rate for unexplained subfertile couples. Main results of this study revealed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in ICSI outcome and pregnancy rate between different study groups. With increasing fertilization rate, there was an increase in the ICSI outcome and the pregnancy rate. It was concluded that increased fertilization rate have a positive impact on the ICSI outcome and pregnancy rate for unexplained subfertile couples. Fertilization rate.
Effect of enzyme treatment and mechanical removal of alpaca (Vicugna pacos) seminal plasma on sperm functional integrity.

The highly viscous nature of camelid semen presents a major challenge to the development of AI technology. To facilitate the development of this technology, reduction of alpaca semen viscosity was investigated using a variety of mechanical and enzymatic treatments. Centrifugation recovered 62.7 ± 33.4% of sperm without affecting sperm motility (50.0 ± 5.8% vs. 66.7 ± 6.7%) or acrosome integrity (87.6 ± 3.1% vs. 78.9 ± 4.7%; P > 0.05). Processing through a 45:22.5 % PureSperm® gradient (compared with a 90:45 % gradient), recovered more sperm (70.2 ± 14.1% and 68.5 ± 9.8% vs. 17.3 ± 5.5% and 19.1 ± 4.9 %, 0.5 and 1.0 mL layers, respectively) with a higher motility (38.2 ± 6.5% and 34.0 ± 5.5% vs. 19.1 ± 4.7% and 28.2 ± 6.5%). Enzyme treatment (collagenase, papain and trypsin; 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/mL for 10-60 min) reduced semen viscosity (P 0.05). Sperm acrosome integrity was reduced when semen was collected into Tris+papain (41.6 ± 14.3%) compared Tris+chymotrypsin (74.0 ± 12.3%) and Tris diluent (85.0 ± 2.6%; P < 0.05). Papain efficiently reduced alpaca semen viscosity but detrimental effects on sperm integrity were observed suggesting that further research is required to develop at efficient method to reduce alpaca semen viscosity.
Treatment of bark beetle attacked trees with entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin

We carried out an experiment with using the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. for sanitation of active infested trees. We used 15 active infested trees from which 5 stems were treated with an insecticide, 5 were treated with solution of the tested entomopathogenic fungus and 5 were left as control. The used insecticide was pyretroid Fury 10 EW. We used a biopreparation based on the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana in form of wettable powder. The material was diluted. The suspension contained 107spores of the tested entomopathogenic fungus in 1 ml. The suspension was applied across the whole stem surface. We succeeded to infect about 28.75% of Ips typographus L. individuals in the treated stems. The number of live individuals was comparable with the variant using the insecticide.
Ecogeography, genetic diversity, and breeding value of wild emmer wheat ('Triticum dicoccoides' korn ex Asch. and Graebn.) Thell

Wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides Körn ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell. is the allotetraploid (2n=4x=28; genome BBAA) progenitor of cultivated wheat. It is fully compatible with the tetraploid (BBAA) durum wheat (Triticum durum), and can be crossed with the hexaploid (2n=6x=42; BBAADD) wheat (Triticum aestivum). In the Fertile Crescent, the centre of origin and centre of diversity of wild emmer wheat, the wild progenitor exhibits a wide phenotypic and genotypic variation and displays a rich adaptive genetic diversity which is ecologically and genetically structured as an “archipelago. ” The fertile hybrids between wild emmer wheat and domesticated durum wheat point to the early, and probably current, extensive gene flow that must have enriched the genetic structure of both subspecies in the Fertile Crescent. Specific alleles and allele combinations predominate, at the macroand microgeographic scales, as co-adaptive blocks of genes adapted to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Wild emmer wheat is recognized as a source of genes for agronomically important traits. These include genes for large spike and grain size, high grain and protein yield, desirable composition of storage proteins, photosynthetic yield, herbicide response, salt tolerance, drought tolerance, disease (leaf rust, stripe rust, powdery mildew, and soil-born mosaic virus) resistance, profuse tillering, and genes for other quantitative traits. For millennia, the vast genetic diversity in wild emmer wheat must have contributed to the spatially and temporally sustainable wheat production as a major component of dynamic cropping systems in the Fertile Crescent. With the advent of, and easy access to, molecular genetics and breeding tools, wild emmer wheat is expected to contribute the full range of its diversity in quantitative and qualitative traits for a more globally sustainable wheat production. It is expected that the current and future detailed records of phenotypes and genotypes and their spatio-temporal variation patterns in the Fertile Crescent will form an integral part of a relational database that can serve future strategies for in situ conservation, collection, evaluation, and utilization by wheat geneticists and breeders.
Effects of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) augmentation of alfalfa silages

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical, fermentation, and microbiological properties of alfalfa silages that were augmented with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and to appraise their in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy for lactation (NEL) contents. Lavender flowers were added to alfalfa silages at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% of the weight of alfalfa. An unaugmented alfalfa silage was also evaluated. After 75 day of ensiling, pH, dry matter, NDF and ADF contents of alfalfa silages had decreased and OMD had increased with the addition of lavender. No significant differences in crude protein, ash, ether extract, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid bacteria number, ME and NEL contents were detected. No butyric acid, Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria spp, sulphide reducing anaerobes, and yeasts were found in the alfalfa silages. Mould content decreased with the addition of lavender. Thus, the addition of lavender flowers to alfalfa silages may improve their quality. Keywords: essential oil, fermentation, nutritional value, supplement
In vitro effects of three woody plant and sainfoin extracts on two parasitic stage of 3 parasitic nematode species

Most studies on the effects of tanniferous plants on nematodes have examined forages but have neglected the woody plants. Therefore, in vitro effects of extracts from 3 woody plants (Rubus fructicosus, Quercus robur, Corylus avellana) have been tested on trichostrongyles and compared to sainfoin, a legume forage. Because some in vivo results indicated that the effects of tannins differed depending on the parasitic species and/or stages, the effects were measured on third-stage larvae (L3) and adult worms of Teladorsagia circumcincta, Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The effects of plant extracts varied according to the plant sources, the parasite species and stages. For the woody plants, significant inhibitory effects were obtained on both stages of abomasal species. Results for T. colubriformis were more variable. Effects of sainfoin extracts were significant on T. colubriformis and H.contortus L3, and on abomasal adult worms. In order to assess the implications of tannins, polyethylene glycol (PEG), an inhibitor of tannins, was added to hazel tree, oak and sainfoin extracts. Without PEG, significant inhibitory effects on L3 and adult worms were confirmed. After addition of PEG, the larval migration and motility of adult worms were restored in most cases. These results confirm variations in effects depending on factors related to plants or parasites and suggest that tannins are partly responsible for the effects.
A study of pulmonary function tests in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients of Sub-Himalayan Plain area of Darjeeling District.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders. It is ﬁfth in ranking as a leading cause of death worldwide and is responsible for almost 3 million deaths annually. Chronic hyperglycemia and related metabolic derangements are mainly associated with secondary damage in multiple organ systems, especially kidneys, eyes, nerves and blood vessels. Pulmonary functions in diabetes mellitus have been studied frequently in many countries other than India, while in our country, there are few studies concerning these abnormalities and their relationship with the disease. OBJECTIVES: To determine and compare the lung function test between type 2 diabetic patients with normoglycemic control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational cross sectional study. This study was carried out in North Bengal Medical College and Hospital in Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine. A total number of 215 subjects were included in this study . Among them, 106 subjects who suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus for >5 year duration were included in Group A (study group) and 109 normoglycemic subjects were included in Group B – (control group). The spirometer parameters (FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEV1/FVC) of participants of both groups were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: We have found that all of the spirometric parameters, except FEV1/FVC ratio were signiﬁcantly lower in the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients than the control group. FEV1/FVC ratio was lower in study group than control group, but the reduction in study group was not statistically signiﬁcant (P value >0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study is revealing that, type 2 diabetes mellitus, being a systemic disease, also affects lungs and causes restrictive type of ventilatory changes on long duration hyperglycemia.
The role of ERBB receptors in Neisseria gonorrhoeae invasion of genital epithelial cells

Title of Document: THE ROLE OF ERBB RECEPTORS IN NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE INVASION OF GENITAL EPITHELIAL CELLS Karen Victoria Swanson Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Directed By: Dr. Wenxia Song, Associate Professor Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics Neisseria gonorrhoeae , the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, adheres to and invades genital epithelial cells. This stud y investigates host components that are used by the bacteria for their entry nto epithelial cells. I found that the interaction of gonococci with the surface o f HEC-1B, a human endometrial carcinoma, and ME180, a human cervical epidermoid carcinoma, caused redistribution of both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR ) and ErbB2, a related family member. Both EGFR and ErbB2 were translocated from the basolateral to the apical membrane in polarized HEC-1-B cells and concentr ated under the microcolonies. Gonococcal infection increased EGFR and ErbB2 phosphorylation, indicating activation of the receptors. Kinase inhibitors of EGFR and ErbB2 inhibited and enhanced bacterial invasion, respectively, but had no effect on gonococcal adherence or the recruitment of EGFR and ErbB2 to the microcolonies. Gonococcal inoculation upregulated the transcription levels and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-mediated surface shedding of ligands of E GFR. Inhibition of the surface shedding of EGFR ligands by an MMP inhibitor and by heparin wash reduced gonococcal invasion without altering their adherence. N. gonorrhoeae induced the activation of the MAP Kinase ERK, PI3K/AKT and PLC γ signaling pathways in an EGFR tyrosine kinase-dependent manner. Blocking Ca 2+ flux, the downstream pathway of PLC γ, but not ERK and PI3K by inhibitors reduced gonococcal invasion. These data indicate that N. gonorrhoeae utilizes host signaling pathways to drive its invasion. The bacteria modulates host signaling by recr uiting and activating EGFR and ErbB2. N gonorrhoeae induces EGFR activation by increasing the expression and MMP-mediated shedding of EGFR ligands. THE ROLE OF ERBB RECEPTORS IN EISSERIA GONORRHOEAE INVASION OF GENITAL EPITHELIAL CELLS.
Testicular biometry and seasonal variations in semen parameters of Black Bengal goats

Body weight, growth rate and testicular biometry of Black Bengal bucks (19) belonging to different age groups were studied. Further, this study was extended to delineate the histological changes in the testes with advancement of ages and to evaluate the seasonal variations in the important semen parameters. The body weight differed significantly across the age groups but the body weight gain (g/d) was higher in the age groups of 0–4 and 17–20 months. The mean scrotal circumference increased with the advancement of age and attained maximum circumference at the age of 12 months. The mean testicular diameter increased significantly till 10th month of age. All these biometrical parameters were highly correlated with each other, and with age and body weight. The histological examination of testes revealed an effect of age on the seminiferous tubules and stages of the spermiogenesis. At 3.5 months of age, lumen of seminiferous tubules became distinct with the abundance of spermatozoa. These observations along with testicular biometry indicated the age at which bucks attained puberty. Significant effect of the seasons (e.g., spring and summer) was observed on the semen parameters with the improvement in the progressive motility, percentage of live spermatozoa, chromatin integrity and a drop in membrane integrity during summer. These results will provide an important impetus in selection of breeding bucks of Black Bengal breed.
Reintroduction objectives, decisions and outcomes: global perspectives from the herpetofauna

Reintroductions and other conservation translocations are an important but often controversial form of wildlife management. Some authors have suggested the low success rates may reflect poor planning and decision‐making. In this study, we used examples of herpetofaunal reintroductions, published in four volumes of the IUCN's Reintroduction Specialist Group Global Perspectives in Reintroduction Biology, to identify the objectives set by reintroduction practitioners, the indicators of success they choose and the types of difficulties they encounter. We found objectives focused on target species, but also on broader ecological objectives, such as ecosystem restoration, and social and economic aims. Practitioners reported high success rates: however, these referred to a mixture of general objectives, reflecting the fundamental aims of programmes, and technical aspects, such as developing husbandry protocols, that are important only as stepping stones for broader objectives. In some cases, important objectives were not assigned relevant indicators, thus making assessment impossible. Non‐biological aspects such as funding dynamics were the most important source of difficulties; however, they were not always openly recognized by assigning relevant objectives and indicators. We argue that the adoption of a more structured approach to decision‐making could help in addressing all these issues. In particular, we recommend that where possible, managers should clearly state all relevant objectives and constraints, and distinguish their respective relevance and importance. If such elements are not clearly defined a priori, planning and assessing reintroductions can become difficult or even impossible, increasing the risk of inefficient use of resources.