Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Twitter Search Methods using Retweet Information

— Recently, as social network services such as Twitter and FaceBook are becoming more popular, a large number of researches have been carried out with various approaches. However, since social network services have been launched recently, its related search methods are still at an early stage of practical service. Thus, most of current web search sites provide a simple search service for social network service posting articles in the order of their upload time. In this paper, we present a novel way of searching informative posting data in Twitter . The proposed method uses both the frequency of retweets and the number of users’ followers as major factors of ranking function in order to evaluate the quality of postings.
Human Achilles tendon glycation and function in diabetes

38 Diabetic patients have an increased risk of foot ulcers, and glycation of collagen may increase tissue 39 stiffness. We hypothesized that the level of glycemic control (glycation) may affect Achilles tendon 40 stiffness, which can influence gait pattern. We therefore investigated the relationship between 41 collagen glycation, Achilles tendon stiffness parameters and plantar pressure in poorly ( n = 22) and 42 well ( n = 22) controlled diabetic patients, including healthy age matched (45-70 yrs) controls ( n = 43 11). There were no differences in any of outcome parameters (collagen cross-linking or tendon 44 stiffness) between patients with well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetes. The overall effect of 45 diabetes was explored by collapsing the diabetes groups (DB) compared to the controls. Skin 46 collagen cross-linking lysylpyridinoline (LP), hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), (136%, 80%, P < 47 0.01) and pentosidine concentrations (55%, P < 0.05) were markedly greater in DB. Furthermore, 48 Achilles tendon material stiffness was higher in DB (54%, P < 0.01). Notably, DB also 49 demonstrated higher forefoot/ rearfoot peak plantar pressure (PPP)-ratio (33%, P < 0.01). Overall, 50 Achilles tendon material stiffness and skin connective tissue cross-linking were greater in diabetic 51 patients compared to controls. The higher foot pressure indicates that material stiffness of tendon 52 and other tissue (e.g skin and joint capsule) may influence on foot gait. The difference in foot 53 pressure distribution may contribute to the development of foot ulcers in diabetic patients.
Principal Component Analysis Based on Robust Estimators of the Covariance or Correlation Matrix: Influence Functions and Efficiencies

A robust principal component analysis can be easily performed by computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a robust estimator of the covariance or correlation matrix. In this paper the authors derive the influence functions and the corresponding asumptotic variances for these robust estimators of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The behavior of several of these estimators is investigated by a simulation study. Finally, the use of empirical influence functions id illustrated by a real data example.
Dyslipidemia in Adult Dermatomyositis and Polymyositisis not Associated with Anti-Lipoprotein Lipase

Dyslipidemia has been observed in many systemic autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Dermatomyositis (DM) and Polymyositis (PM). In systemic lupus erythematosus, the mechanism of dyslipidemia has been attributed to the presence of Anti-Lipoprotein Lipase (anti-LPL) antibodies. A similar pattern of dyslipidemia can also be observed in patients with DM and PM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the possible presence of anti-LPL antibodies in 69 consecutive patients with DM and PM. The IgG anti-LPL was detected by a standard ELISA. The lipoprotein risk levels were evaluated according to National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATPIII). The mean age of patients with DM and PM was 31.6±10.2 and 29.4±9.1 years, respectively. There was a predominance of female gender and white ethnicity. Lipoprotein NCEP risk levels were observed in 69.8% of DM and 68.8% of PM patients. Despite the high frequency of dyslipidemia in these patients, no anti-LPL antibodies were detected. Our data suggest that a distinct physiopathogenicity is involved in dyslipidemia. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the dyslipidemic mechanisms in these inflammatory myopathic diseases. DM: Dermatomyositis; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; HDL-c: High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LDL-c: Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LPL: Lipoprotein Lipase; MMT: Manual Muscle Testing; NCEP low /ATPIII: National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III; PM: Dolymyositis
Analysis of Friction-Induced Instabilities in a Simplified Aircraft Brake

The stability and dynamic characteristics of frictioninduced vibrations in a simplified aircraft brake model are investigated. A finite element model equipped with nonlinear frictional contact algorithm is used. The constitutive model of the interface is based on an extended version of the Oden-Martins law [1]. The interface material constants are obtained via asperitybased homogenization methodology from the profilometric information on the surface. Initial uncoupled analyses are performed to identify the basic dynamic modes of the model. Frequencies of normal vibrations of the model are found to be dependent on the interface stiffness and the piston pressure. To study the dynamic behavior of the system, its transient response is computed after a perturbation of the steady-state sliding position. It is found that, while the vibrations are subdued in some cases categorized as stable, they grow in other, unstable cases. It is also shown that the triggering mechanism of instability can be either the velocity-dependent coefficient of friction or the dynamic coupling of certain vibration modes of the system (even without velocity-dependent friction). These two unstable modes exhibit different dynamic characteristics.
Afatinib Enhances the Ef ﬁ cacy of Conventional Chemotherapeutic Agents by Eradicating Cancer Stem – like Cells

Cancer stem cells (CSC) have garnered signi ﬁ cant attention as a therapeutic focus, based on evidence that they may represent an etiologic root of treatment-resistant cells. Indeed, expression of the multidrug resistance protein ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) confers chemoresistance to CSCs, where it serves as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. Here, we show that afatinib, a small-molecule inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases EGFR, HER2, and HER4, preferentially eliminated side population cells with CSC character, in both cell lines and patient-derived leukemia cells, by decreasing ABCG2 expression. In these cells, afatinib also acted in parallel to suppress self-renewal capacity and tumorigenicity. Combining afatinib with the DNA-damaging drug topotecan enhanced the antitumor effect of topotecan in vitro and in vivo . Mechanistic investigations suggested that ABCG2 suppression by afatinib did not proceed by proteolysis through the ubiquitin-dependent proteosome, lysosome, or calpain. Instead, we found that afatinib increased DNA methyltransferase activity, thereby leading to methylation of the ABCG2 promoter and to a decrease in ABCG2 message level. Taken together, our results advocate the use of afatinib in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs to improve ef ﬁ cacy by improving CSC eradication. Cancer Res; 74(16); 1 – 15. (cid:1) 2014 AACR.
Safety proﬁle of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine: Pooled analysis of two large randomised phase 3 trials q

Background: The ZOE-50 (NCT01165177) and ZOE-70 (NCT01165229) phase 3 clinical trials showed that the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was (cid:1) 90% efﬁcacious in preventing herpes zoster in adults. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the safety data from these studies. Methods: Adults aged (cid:1) 50 (ZOE-50) and (cid:1) 70 (ZOE-70) years were randomly vaccinated with RZV or placebo. Safety analyses were performed on the pooled total vaccinated cohort, consisting of participants receiving at least one dose of RZV or placebo. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were collected for 7 and 30 days after each vaccination, respectively. Serious AEs (SAEs) were collected from the ﬁrst vaccination until 12 months post-last dose. Fatal AEs, vaccination-related SAEs, and potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) were collected during the entire study period. Results: Safety was evaluated in 14,645 RZV and 14,660 placebo recipients. More RZV than placebo recipients reported unsolicited AEs (50.5% versus 32.0%); the difference was driven by transient injection site and solicited systemic reactions that were generally seen in the ﬁrst week post-vaccination. The occurrence of overall SAEs (RZV: 10.1%; Placebo: 10.4%), fatal AEs (RZV: 4.3%; Placebo: 4.6%), and pIMDs (RZV: 1.2%; Placebo: 1.4%) was balanced between groups. The occurrence of possible exacerbations of pIMDs was rare and similar between groups. Overall, except for the expected local and systemic symp- toms, the safety results were comparable between the RZV and Placebo groups irrespective of participant age, gender, or race. Conclusions: No safety concerns arose, supporting the favorable beneﬁt-risk proﬁle of RZV.
Model ed subglacial water flow rout ing su pports localized intrusive heating as a possible 1 cause of basal melting of Mars(cid:213) south polar ice cap

The discovery of a ~20 km wide area of bright subsurface radar reflections, interpreted as liquid 21 water, beneath the Martian south polar layered deposits (SPLD) in data from the Mars Advanced 22 Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) instrument, and the discovery of two 23 geologically recent potential eskers (landforms produced by subglacial melt) associated with 24 viscous flow features in Martian mid-latitudes, has suggested recent basal melting of Martian ice 25 deposits may be feasible, possibly due to locally elevated geothermal heating. Locations of 26 terrestrial subglacial lakes and major drainage axes have been successfully predicted from 27 subglacial hydraulic potential surfaces calculated from surface topography and ice thickness. 28 Here, we use surface topography from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter and SPLD bed 29 elevations derived from MARSIS data to calculate the subglacial hydraulic potential surface 30 beneath the SPLD and determine whether the observed high reflectance area coincides with 31 predicted subglacial lake locations. Given the sensitivity of terrestrial predictions of lake 32 locations to basal topography, we derive over 1000 perturbed topographies (using noise statistics 33 from the MARSIS data) to infer the most likely locations of possible subglacial water bodies and 34 drainage axes. Our results show that the high reflectance area does not coincide with any 35 substantial predicted lake locations; three nearby lake locations are robustly predicted however. 36 We interpret this result as suggesting that the high reflectance area (assuming the interpretation 37 as liquid is correct) is most likely a hydraulically-isolated patch of liquid confined by the 38 surrounding cold-based ice, rather than a topographically-constrained subglacial lake.
in Computer

— Multi Engine Machine Translation (MEMT) system is an approach where more than one suitable translation engines are synthetically combined for enhancing the quality of machine translation. This system is tested on many language pairs in world wide and produced significantly encouraging results. Our objective is to explore the suitability of MEMT in high quality translation for English to Hindi.
Activity against Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1, Intracellular Metabolism, and Effects on Human DNA Polymerases of 4 (cid:2) -Ethynyl-2-Fluoro-2 (cid:2) -Deoxyadenosine (cid:1)

We examined the intracytoplasmic anabolism and kinetics of antiviral activity against human immunode- ﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) of a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 4 (cid:1) -ethynyl-2-ﬂuoro-2 (cid:1) -deoxyade-nosine (EFdA), which has potent activity against wild-type and multidrug-resistant HIV-1 strains. When CEM cells were exposed to 0.1 (cid:1) M [ 3 H]EFdA or [ 3 H]3 (cid:1) -azido-2 (cid:1) ,3 (cid:1) -dideoxythymidine (AZT) for 6 h, the intracellular EFdA-triphosphate (TP) level was 91.6 pmol/10 9 cells, while that of AZT was 396.5 pmol/10 9 cells. When CEM cells were exposed to 10 (cid:1) M [ 3 H]EFdA, the amount of EFdA-TP increased by 22-fold (2,090 pmol/10 9 cells), while the amount of [ 3 H]AZT-TP increased only moderately by 2.4-fold (970 pmol/10 9 cells). The intracellular half-life values of EFdA-TP and AZT-TP were (cid:3) 17 and (cid:3) 3 h, respectively. When MT-4 cells were cultured with 0.01 (cid:1) M EFdA for 24 h, thoroughly washed to remove EFdA, further cultured without EFdA for various periods of time, exposed to HIV-1 NL4-3 , and cultured for an additional 5 days, the protection values were 75 and 47%, respectively, after 24 and 48 h with no drug incubation, while those with 1 (cid:1) M AZT were 55 and 9.2%, respectively. The 50% inhibitory concentration values of EFdA-TP against human polymerases (cid:2) , (cid:3) , and (cid:4) were >100 (cid:1) M, >100 (cid:1) M, and 10 (cid:1) M, respectively, while those of ddA-TP were >100 (cid:1) M, 0.2 (cid:1) M, and 0.2 (cid:1) M, respectively. These data warrant further development of EFdA as a potential therapeutic agent for those patients who harbor wild-type HIV-1 and/or multidrug-resistant variants.
Artiﬁcial insemination and in-vitro fertilization using donor spermatozoa: a report on 15 years of experience

Hospital (1976–1991). This report describes our methods and presents a detailed analysis of our more recent results (1986– 1991). The aim of this study was to determine, from retrospect- ive analysis, which donor-related semen factors were associated Gynaecology, with the successful use of cryopreserved spermatozoa in DI and IVF. Donor insemination (DI) using cryopreserved semen com-Materials and methods menced at The Royal Women’s Hospital in 1976. Over the All inseminations were performed by nursing sisters in the Reproduct- next 15 years we performed 5953 treatment cycles to ive Biology Clinic of this Hospital. Only four nurses have been in achieve 816 pregnancies (13.7% per cycle) and 706 live charge of this clinic since 1976. births. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) using donor spermatozoa commenced in 1986. Over the next 5 years we performed Semen analysis 303 treatment cycles for 185 couples. Including subsequent Semen analyses were performed manually according to the World transfer of cryopreserved embryos, a total of 33% of Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (1980) current at that time. couples achieved a successful pregnancy by IVF. Statistical acceptable analysis indicated that, for DI pregnancies, the most import-of ant semen variable was the percentage post-thaw motility, forms. However, occasionally donors were accepted with semen whilst for normal fertilization in IVF it was the pre-results outside these ranges if spermatozoa showed good post- freeze motility. These results may be explained by the thaw recovery. compensatory effects of post-thaw processing of spermatozoa for IVF, but not for DI in our clinic.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Recent developments in European bank competition Recent developments in European bank competition

This paper investigates the degree of bank competition in the euro area, the U.S. and U.K. before and after the recent financial crisis, and revisits the issue whether the introduction of EMU and the euro have had any impact on bank competition. The results suggest that the level of bank competition converged across euro area countries in the wake of the EMU. The recent global financial crisis led to a fall in competition in several countries and especially where large credit and housing booms had preceded the crisis. This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate.
Identiﬁcation and Expression of NAC Transcription Factors of Vaccinium corymbosum L. in Response to Drought Stress

: Research Highlights: Phenotypic changes and expression proﬁles, phylogeny, conserved motifs, and expression correlations of NAC (NAM, ATAF1, ATAF2 and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) in blueberry genome were detected under drought stress, and the expression patterns and functions of 12 NACs were analyzed. Background and Objectives: Blueberry is an important shrub species with a high level of ﬂavonoids in fruit, which are implicated in a broad range of health beneﬁts. However, the molecular mechanism of this shrub species in response to drought stress still remains elusive. NAC TFs widely participate in stress tolerance in many plant species. The characterization and expression proﬁles of NAC TFs were analyzed on the basis of genome data in blueberry when subjected to drought stress. Materials and Methods: Combined with the analysis of chlorophyll a ﬂuorescence and endogenous phytohormones, the phenotypic changes of blueberry under drought stress were observed. The phylogenetic tree, conserved motifs, di ﬀ erently expressed genes, and expression correlation were determined by means of multiple bioinformatics analysis. The expression proﬁles of NACs in di ﬀ erent organs were examined and compared through RNA-seq and qRT-PCR assay. Results: The chlorophyll a ﬂuorescence parameters ϕ Po , ϕ Eo , ϕ Ro , and PIabs of leaves were signiﬁcantly inhibited under drought stress. ABA (abscisic acid) content noticeably increased over the duration of drought, whereas GA 3 (gibberellic acid) and IAA (indole acetic acid) content decreased continuously. A total of 158 NACs were identiﬁed in blueberry genome and 62 NACs were di ﬀ erently expressed in leaf and root of blueberry under drought stress. Among them, 14 NACs were signiﬁcantly correlated with the expression of other NAC genes. Conclusions: Our results revealed the phenotypic changes of this shrub under drought stress and linked them with NAC TFs, which are potentially involved in the process of response to drought stress.
ABO BLOOD TYPES OF BABCOCK UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, NIGERIA AND THEIR LINK WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION

Five millilitres (5ml) of venous whole blood was collected from one hundred and eighty three students made up of 93 (50.8%) male and 90 (49.2%) female students of Babcock University, Ilishan Remo randomly selected across various Departments. Whole blood samples were dispensed into sequestrinized (EDTA anticoagulated) blood containers, properly mixed and labeled. Plasma samples were tested for Helicobacter pylori specific antibodies using the H. pylori Rapid Test Devices Kit. ABO blood phenotyping was carried out with monoclonal Antisera A, B and D by tile agglutination. A total of 169 (92.3%) and 14 (7.7%) students were rhesus positive and negative respectively of which 92 (54.4%) and 77 (45.6%) samples were rhesus positive male and female students respectively and of which 1 (7.1%) and 13 (92.9%) students were rhesus negative male and female students respectively. One hundred and thirty five (73.8%), 36 (19.7%) and 12 (6.5%) of the sampled student population belonged to 17-20, 21-24 and 25-30 yr age brackets respectively. One hundred and ten (60.1%), 38 (20.8%), 29 (15.9%) and 6 (3.3%) students were of O, A, B and AB blood phenotypes respectively. A total of 9 (4.9%) male students were seropositive for H. pylori infection of which 3 (10.3%) and 6 (5.5%) belonged to groups B and O respectively with no female students infected. Chi square analysis showed that sex was significantly associated with H. pylori infection (X 2 = 137.571, Critical (P) value of X 20.05(1) = 3.841, X 20.01(1) = 6.635, P˂0.05, P˂0.01). Chi square analysis also indicated that ABO phenotypes were significantly associated with H. pylori infection with respect to types B and O (X 2 = 178.211, Critical (P) value of X 20.05(1) = 3.841, X 20.01(1) = 6.635, P˂0.05, P˂0.01).
Vitamin C and Articular Integrity

Osteoarthritis, a debilitating disease predominantly affects articular cartilage. Many attempts to understand the pathogenesis and best method of protecting articular cartilage from degeneration have proved non-conclusive, however. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid, an antioxidant with many regulatory functions can play a role in both disease onset and its prevention, but this fact has not proved to be strongly associated with either the osteoarthritis disease pathology or its prevention or retardation. This article discusses some of the diverse findings in the available research and offers some directives for future research and practice.
Human Staufen1 Protein Interacts with Inﬂuenza Virus Ribonucleoproteins and Is Required for Efﬁcient Virus Multiplication (cid:1)

The inﬂuenza A virus genome consists of 8 negative-stranded RNA segments. NS1 is a nonstructural protein that participates in different steps of the virus infectious cycle, including transcription, replication, and morphogenesis, and acts as a virulence factor. Human Staufen1 (hStau1), a protein involved in the transport and regulated translation of cellular mRNAs, was previously identiﬁed as a NS1-interacting factor. To investigate the possible role of hStau1 in the inﬂuenza virus infection, we characterized the composition of hStau1-containing granules isolated from virus-infected cells. Viral NS1 protein and ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) were identiﬁed in these complexes by Western blotting, and viral mRNAs and viral RNAs (vRNAs) were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Also, colocalization of hStau1 with NS1, nucleoprotein (NP), and PA in the cytosol of virus-infected cells was shown by immunoﬂuorescence. To analyze the role of hStau1 in the infection, we downregulated its expression by gene silencing. Human HEK293T cells or A549 cells were silenced using either short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting four independent sites in the hStau1 mRNA. The yield of inﬂuenza virus was reduced 5 to 10 times in the various hStau1-silenced cells compared to that in control silenced cells. The expression levels of viral proteins and their nucleocyto- plasmic localization were not affected upon hStau1 silencing, but virus particle production, as determined by puriﬁcation of virions from supernatants, was reduced. These results indicate a role for hStau1 in late events of the inﬂuenza virus infection, possibly during virus morphogenesis.