Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composition, Anti-inflammatory Activity, and Bioaccessibility of Green Seaweeds from Fish Pond Aquaculture

The nutritional composition was studied of green seaweeds (Chaetomorpha linum, Rhizoclonium riparium, Ulva intestinalis, U. lactuca, U. prolifera) grown in fish pond aquaculture systems. Moreover, anti-inflammatory activities were measured. The effects of bioaccessibility on this property were assessed. There were qualitative differences in the lipid composition, since fatty acid profiles varied among seaweed species. Whereas U. lactuca and U. intestinalis fatty acid profiles were very similar, all other profiles differed significantly. U. prolifera was very rich in ω6 PUFA, while R. riparium was richer in ω3 PUFA. Concerning the ω3/ω6 ratio, the highest value was found for C. linum. The anti-inflammatory activity was higher for U. prolifera and C. linum with high cyclooxygenase-2 activity inhibition (ranging between 18 and 27 %) upon incubation of 100 μg/mL of these green seaweed extracts. Though the compounds causing this effect were not bioaccessible, U. prolifera seems to be a potential source of bioactive compounds.
Is Dietary (Food) Supplement Intake Reported in European National Nutrition Surveys?

Dietary (food) supplements (DSs) have seen a sharp increase in use and popularity in recent years. Information on DS consumption is vital for national nutrition monitoring. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DS intake was reported in the National Nutrition Surveys (NNSs) in all European countries. NNSs reporting DS use were retrieved via literature review (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus), scientific and organizational publications (EFSA), or open-published government and other official reports. Included were the European NNSs referring to adults, published in English, French, or German, post-2000. Out of the 53 European countries, 30 recorded DS intake. Among them, related findings on the percentage of DS intake were published in 21 cases, 5 of them written in the local language. DS use varied by nation, with Finland and Denmark having the greatest (over 50%) and Italy having the lowest percentage (5%). In terms of comprehensive reported data on DS consumption in Europe and the investigation of the contribution of DSs to total nutrient intake, there is a need for improvement. Common DS categories should be defined upon agreement among the involved scientific parties to allow for comparable data and estimations between surveys.
The Safety and Efficacy of Combining Saxagliptin and Pioglitazone Therapy in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive disease due to insulin resistance. Oxidative stress complicates the etiology of T2DM. Saxagliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, while Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer. This study aimed to assess the effect of Saxagliptin and Pioglitazone monotherapy and combination therapy on the biochemical and biological parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The study included thirty-five male albino rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal STZ injection (35 mg/kg). For a 1-month duration, rats were divided into five groups. Glucose homeostasis traits, lipid profiles, kidney functions, liver enzymes, and oxidative stress markers were measured. Gene expression of miRNA-29a, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was assessed using qRT-PCR. Results: At a 1-month treatment duration, combination therapy improves oxidative stress markers more than either drug alone. The combination therapy had significantly higher levels of SOD, catalase, and GSH and lower levels of MDA compared to the monotherapy. Additionally, the diabetic group showed a significant increase in the expression levels of miRNA-29a, PEPCK, and IL-1β and a significant decrease in PI3K compared to the normal control group. However, combination therapy of Saxagliptin and Pioglitazone was more effective than either Saxagliptin or Pioglitazone alone in reversing these results, especially for PEPCK and IL-1β. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that combining Saxagliptin and Pioglitazone improves glycemic control and genetic and epigenetic expression profiles, which play an essential regulatory role in normal metabolism.
Negative Matter as Unified Dark Matter and Dark Energy, Distributions of Dark Matter-Energy, and Observed Ways in the Milky Way

There are not necessarily dark matter and dark energy in the solar system, and dark energy cannot distribute uniformly in the whole space. Based on Dirac negative energy, Einstein mass-energy relation and principle of equivalence, we proposed the negative matter as the simplest model of unified dark matter and dark energy. All theories are known, only mass includes positive and negative. Because there is repulsion between positive matter and negative matter, so which is invisible dark matter, and repulsion as dark energy. It may explain many phenomena of dark matter and dark energy. We derive that the rotational velocity of galaxy is approximate constant, and an evolutional ratio between total matter and usual matter from 1 to present 11.82 or 7.88. We calculate the accelerated expansion at 9.760 billion years. Further, the mechanism of inflation is origin of positive-negative matters created from nothing, whose expansion is exponential due to strong interactions at small microscopic scales. We propose specifically some possible ways on observe dark matter in the Milky Way. Many observatories should be able to observe these results. Final, we research some basic problems in cosmology: Possible mechanism of missing antimatter, the origins of mass and charge, etc. The negative matter as a candidate of unified dark matter and dark energy is not only the simplest, and is calculable, observable and testable, and may be changed and developed.
Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Sex Based on Lumbar Vertebral Morphometry

Background: Identifying skeletal remains has been and will remain a challenge for forensic experts and forensic anthropologists, especially in disasters with multiple victims or skeletal remains in an advanced stage of decomposition. This study examined the performance of two machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting the person’s sex based only on the morphometry of L1–L5 lumbar vertebrae collected recently from Romanian individuals. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether by using the machine learning (ML) techniques one can obtain a reliable prediction of sex in forensic identification based only on the parameters obtained from the metric analysis of the lumbar spine. Method: This paper built and tuned predictive models with two of the most popular techniques for classification, RF (random forest) and XGB (xgboost). Both series of models used cross-validation and a grid search to find the best combination of hyper-parameters. The best models were selected based on the ROC_AUC (area under curve) metric. Results: The L1–L5 lumbar vertebrae exhibit sexual dimorphism and can be used as predictors in sex prediction. Out of the eight significant predictors for sex, six were found to be particularly important for the RF model, while only three were determined to be important by the XGB model. Conclusions: Even if the data set was small (149 observations), both RF and XGB techniques reliably predicted a person’s sex based only on the L1–L5 measurements. This can prove valuable, especially when only skeletal remains are available. With minor adjustments, the presented ML setup can be transformed into an interactive web service, freely accessible to forensic anthropologists, in which, after entering the L1–L5 measurements of a body/cadaver, they can predict the person’s sex.
Complementary Feeding: Food Group Diversity and Probability of Nutrient Adequacy among 6-12-Month-Old Infants in Southern Thailand

Objective: To determine complementary food intake, food group diversity and nutritional adequacy of 6-12-month-old infants in southern Thailand.Material and Methods: A total of 120 healthy infants, aged 6-12 months, were enrolled: from December 2020 to November 2021. A 24-hour food record was used to assess the type, amount and frequency of food intake in each infant. The infants’ food intake was classified into seven food groups. Macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were analysed using the INMUCAL software program; the standard program for the calculation of nutrients in Thai food.Results: Of the 120 infants, 10 (8.3%) received breast and/or formula feeding without complementary food; 30 (25%) received 1, 66 (55%) received 2, and 14 (11.7%) 3-4 received complementary meals a day. The 4 most common supplementary foods given to the infants were rice mixed with vitamin A-rich fruits or vegetables, meat, eggs, or other fruits (mostly bananas). Infants who received 1 complementary meal, with 1-3 food groups a day, had significantly higher percentages of micronutrient inadequacies (iron, magnesium, selenium and vitamin E) than those receiving at least 2 complementary meals; with at least 4 food groups a day.Conclusion: Infants in southern Thailand who were fed <4 food groups with <2 complementary meals a day were at risk of micronutrient inadequacies; such as iron, magnesium, selenium and vitamin E. Therefore, infants aged 6-7 months should be given a minimum meal frequency (MMF) of 2 meals, with a minimum dietary diversity (MDD) of 4 food groups per day.
Cooperative Robot Manipulators Dynamical Modeling and Control: An Overview

Robot manipulators possess the capability to autonomously execute complex sequences of actions. Their proficiency in handling challenging and hazardous tasks has led to their widespread adoption across diverse sectors, including industry, business, household appliances, rehabilitation, and many more. However, certain tasks prove to be challenging for individual robots, primarily due to constraints in their structure and limited degrees of freedom. Cooperative robot manipulators (CRMs) emerge as a compelling solution when dealing with large, heavy, or flexible payloads. The utilization of CRMs offers a host of benefits, including enhanced manipulation performance achieved through the synergy of sensing and actuation capabilities or by tapping into increased redundancy. Numerous techniques have been devised for the control and dynamical modeling of CRMs. Nevertheless, the field continues to present technical challenges and scientific inquiries. To inspire and facilitate further research and development in this realm, this review aims to consolidate the current body of knowledge pertaining to CRMs kinematics, dynamics modeling, and various control methodologies used for payload manipulation via CRMs.
Arctic springtime observations of volatile organic compounds during the OASIS‐2009 campaign

Gas‐phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at three vertical levels between 0.6 m and 5.4 m in the Arctic boundary layer in Barrow, Alaska, for the Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Sea Ice‐Snowpack (OASIS)‐2009 field campaign during March–April 2009. C4‐C8 nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), including alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, were quantified multiple times per hour, day and night, during the campaign using in situ fast gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Three canister samples were also collected daily and subsequently analyzed for C2‐C5 NMHCs. The NMHCs and aldehydes demonstrated an overall decrease in mixing ratios during the experiment, whereas acetone and 2‐butanone showed increases. Calculations of time‐integrated concentrations of Br atoms, ∫[Br]dt, yielded values as high as (1.34 ± 0.27) × 1014 cm−3 s during the longest observed ozone depletion event (ODE) of the campaign and were correlated with the steady state Br calculated at the site during this time. Both chlorine and bromine chemistry contributed to the large perturbations on the production and losses of VOCs. Notably, acetaldehyde, propanal, and butanal mixing ratios dropped below the detection limit of the instrument (3 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) for acetaldehyde and propanal, 2 pptv for butanal) during several ODEs due to Br chemistry. Chemical flux calculations of OVOC production and loss are consistent with localized high Cl‐atom concentrations either regionally or within a very shallow surface layer, while the deeper Arctic boundary layer provides a continuous source of precursor alkanes to maintain the OVOC mixing ratios.
Effect of pulse laser treatment at different process variables on mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes electrophoretically deposited on titanium alloy.

PURPOSE Titanium and its alloys are widely used as biomaterials for long-term implants, but they are usually surface-modified due to their weak bioactivity and wear resistance. Laser processing was used to modify the surface layer, and elemental carbon was a component of the deposited coatings. This research aims to use a combination of both methods based on preliminary electrophoretic deposition of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNCTs) followed by pulse laser treatment. Carbon nanotubes were chosen due to their mechanical and chemical stability as well as their tubular shape, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties of laser-modified layers. METHODS The pulse laser power and laser scanning speed were defined as variable process parameters. The microstructure, roughness Ra, nanohardness H, Young's modulus E, and indent depth values were measured, and the H/E, H 3/E2, and relative changes of all these values in comparison to MWCNTs-coated and non-coated surfaces, were calculated. RESULTS The obtained results show that the best mechanical properties of MWCNTs-coated and laser-treated specimens are obtained at a laser power of 900 W and laser feed of 6 mm/s. The observed relations can be explained considering processes occurring on the surface such as deposition of carbon nanotubes, melting and re-crystallization of the surface layer, formation and possible partial decomposition of titanium carbides, and associated changes in local chemical composition, phase composition, and a level of residual stresses beneath the surface. CONCLUSIONS The developed process can substitute the time and money-consuming carbonization of titanium and its alloys.
GACnet-Text-to-Image Synthesis With Generative Models Using Attention Mechanisms With Contrastive Learning

The generation of high-quality images from textual descriptions is a challenging task in computer vision and natural language processing. The goal of text-to-image synthesis, a current topic of research, is to produce excellent images from written descriptions. This study proposes a hybrid approach to evaluating a dataset consisting of various text-image pairs by efficiently combining conditional generative adversarial networks (C-GAN), attention mechanisms, and contrastive learning (C-GAN+ATT+CL). We suggest a two-step method to improve image quality that starts by utilizing generative adversarial networks (GANs) with attention mechanisms to create low-resolution images and then contrastive learning to improve. Contrastive learning modules train on a separate dataset of high-resolution pictures; GANs learn on datasets of low-resolution text and image pairs. The Conditional GAN with Attention Mechanism and Contrastive Learning Method provides state-of-the-art performance in terms of image quality, diversity, and visual realism, among the several methods. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed approach works better than all other methods, achieving an Inception Score (IS) of 35.23, a Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) of 18.2, and an R-Precision of 89.14. Our findings demonstrate that our “C-GAN+ATT+CL” approach significantly improves image quality and diversity and offers exciting paths for further study.
Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Vegetation Annual NPP and Responses to Climatic Factors in the Source Region of the Yellow River

The source region of the Yellow River,located in the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau,is an ideal region for identifying the effects of climate change on vegetation activity and inter-annual variation.Based on MODIS NPP data from 2000-2010,we analyzed spatial-temporal variation characteristics of annual NPP and its driving forces in the source region of the Yellow River,combined with temperature and precipitation datasets.We found that vegetation NPP decreased from the southeast to northwest and was coupled with changes in thermal and hydrological conditions,as well as spatial vegetation distribution.The NPP of evergreen coniferous forest was larger than any vegetation types including alpine swamp,alpine meadow and alpine grassland.In the past 11 years,vegetation annual NPP(aNPP) has increased at a rate of 3.64gC/(m2 a);the rate varied across different vegetation types.The aNPP of alpine swamp increased fastest among all vegetation types.Regions with a significant increase in aNPP appeared in river valleys lying in middle and low reaches of the studied area,which occupied 46.67% of the total area.However,regions with a significant decrease in aNPP were distributed randomly with a proportion of only 0.03%. There was a significant positive correlation between vegetation aNPP and average temperature from June to September,and total precipitation from June to July.The positive region between vegetation aNPP and temperature covered 76.89% of the total area and was mainly distributed in the west,central and southeast part.The significant positive region between vegetation aNPP and precipitation covered 15.14% of the total area and was distributed in the northern part.A warmer and wetter climate possibly caused these vegetation aNPP changes.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Dentistry: A Study of the Knowledge and Attitudes of Parents in Jordan

Aims: This study aimed to assess parental knowledge of COVID-19, particularly in the dental setting, and to evaluate the attitudes of parents in Jordan with regard to prevention of COVID-19 transmission especially to children attending dental clinics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among parents of pediatric dental patients in Jordan. A questionnaire composed of 37 questions divided into three sections was used. The first covered socio-demographic characteristics of the sample, the second assessed parental knowledge; and the third evaluated the attitudes of parents towards COVID-19, particularly with regard to children visiting the dentist. An online form of the questionnaire was published on social media platforms. Parents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were asked to complete the questionnaire and share it with acquaintances in a form of snowball sampling. Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: The number of questionnaires included in the study was 671. Only 44% of the study sample reported that they had accompanied a child to a dental clinic during the COVID-19 outbreak and 60.3% reported that the visit was for emergency reasons. Almost all the parents (94.5%) talked about COVID-19 with their children. Conclusions: Parents had good knowledge, positive attitude, and appropriate practices towards COVID-19.
A Rare Case of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Presenting With Coronary Artery Pseudotumor And Aneurysm

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by elevated serum IgG4 levels. It has the potential to affect multiple organs. Despite the diverse manifestations of IgG4-RD, the association with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains poorly understood due to limited evidence. We report the case of a 52-year-old male patient who exhibited typical angina upon exertion, accompanied by elevated serum IgG4 levels. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) revealed the presence of pseudotumor formations surrounding and aneurysm changes affecting all coronary arteries, consistent with IgG4-RD. The patient was treated with prednisolone and azathioprine, with the possibility of additional rituximab therapy if symptomatology failed to improve. This case sheds light on the rare occurrence of IgG4-RD with coronary artery involvement and underscores the importance of recognizing this unique clinical entity for appropriate management and further research. LEARNING POINTS Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by inflammatory fibrosis and high serum IgG4 levels. IgG4-RD can involve the coronary artery, presenting as a coronary aneurysm, and may mimic coronary artery disease. Treatment of IgG4-RD with coronary artery involvement includes corticosteroid therapy, with or without other immunosuppressant, as well as surgical intervention.
Understanding Posterior Staphyloma in Pathologic Myopia: Current Overview, New Input, and Perspectives

Abstract Posterior staphyloma (PS) is considered the hallmark of pathologic myopia and is defined as an outpouching of a circumscribed portion of the eyeball with a radius of curvature smaller than that of the adjacent zone. Although more common in eyes with high myopia, it can affect those without it. The presence of PS is associated with a structurally and functionally worse course of high myopia that can lead to visual disability. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of PS is unclear so far. Thus, due to the increasing prevalence of myopia which has been further exacerbated by the advent of COVID-19 lockdown, researchers are eager to elucidate the pathogenesis of pathologic myopia and that of its complications, especially PS, which will allow the development of preventive strategies. The aim of this work was to review the morphological characteristics of PS with emphasis on similarities with peripapillary staphyloma and to discuss the pathogenesis of PS considering recent suggestions about that of peripapillary staphyloma.
Management of asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 patients with Cheongpebaedok-tang on the telemedical basis: A retrospective observational case series

Objectives: This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Cheongpebaedok-tang, a traditional Korean herbal medicine, provided via telemedicine to patients with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 in Korea.Methods: From February to April 2020, a retrospective analysis investigated COVID-19 patients treated via Korean telemedicine. The study involved asymptomatic to mild cases receiving Cheongpebaedok-tang more than three times, along with continuous Korean medicine care in convalescence. Diagnoses and treatment adhered to the telemedicine guidelines of the Association of Korean Medicine, with varied Cheongpebaedok-tang prescriptions based on symptom severity. Symptom evaluation involved a detailed assessment using a 15-item tool at initial and final sessions.Results: The study included 27 patients, with a mean age of 48.7 ± 2.3 years (mean ± standard error). Patients began self-administering oral Cheongpebaedok-tang for an average of 19.4 ± 1.8 days after the date of COVID-19 diagnosis confirmation and continued the medication for 15.8 ± 1.2 days. The reported side effects of the Cheongpebaedok-tang included palpitations (11.1%), insomnia (7.4%), dizziness (3.7%), and diarrhea (3.7%). All side effects disappeared after adjusting the prescription according to standard treatment guidelines. The occurrence of all COVID-19-related adverse symptoms, except fatigue and myalgia, decreased. Fatigue was the most common chronic symptom persisting after 6 months (51.9%), followed by ocular symptoms (37.0%) and sore throat (22.2%). Conclusions: This study implies Cheongpebaedok-tang may offer a potentially safe, symptom-alleviating approach for managing mild COVID-19 cases via telemedicine, although further comprehensive research is warranted.