Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional responding to overt and subtle social exclusion among young women who engage in non-suicidal self-injury

People who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) consistently report greater emotion reactivity and dysregulation than their peers. However, evidence that these self-reports reflect an amplified emotional response under controlled conditions is limited. Here we test the effects of both subtle and overt social exclusion, to determine whether self-reported emotion dysregulation reflects responses to real-time emotional challenge for people who self-injure. We recruited 100 young women with past-year NSSI and 100 without NSSI to an online experiment. Participants took part in a baseline social inclusion ball-tossing game, followed by either an overt or subtle social exclusion ball-tossing game, while we measured negative mood and belongingness. Despite reporting greater emotion reactivity (d = 1.40) and dysregulation (d = 1.63) than controls, women with past-year NSSI showed no differences in negative mood or belongingness ratings in response to either overt or subtle social exclusion. Within the NSSI group, exploratory analyses found greater endorsement of intrapersonal functions predicted greater negative mood following social exclusion (β = 0.19). Given that amplified emotional responding is central to prominent theoretical models of NSSI, findings highlight the need to better understand the divergence in findings between self-reported emotion dysregulation and real-time emotional responding among people who self-injure.
Did AI get more negative recently?

In this paper, we classify scientific articles in the domain of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML), as core subfields of artificial intelligence (AI), into whether (i) they extend the current state-of-the-art by the introduction of novel techniques which beat existing models or whether (ii) they mainly criticize the existing state-of-the-art, i.e. that it is deficient with respect to some property (e.g. wrong evaluation, wrong datasets, misleading task specification). We refer to contributions under (i) as having a ‘positive stance’ and contributions under (ii) as having a ‘negative stance’ (to related work). We annotate over 1.5 k papers from NLP and ML to train a SciBERT-based model to automatically predict the stance of a paper based on its title and abstract. We then analyse large-scale trends on over 41 k papers from the last approximately 35 years in NLP and ML, finding that papers have become substantially more positive over time, but negative papers also got more negative and we observe considerably more negative papers in recent years. Negative papers are also more influential in terms of citations they receive.
Cuisine in transition? Organic residue analysis of domestic containers from 9th-14th century Sicily

From the 9th to 14th centuries AD, Sicily experienced a series of rapid and quite radical changes in political regime, but the impact of these regime changes on the lives of the people that experienced them remains largely elusive within the historical narrative. We use a multi-faceted lipid residue approach to give direct chemical evidence of the use of 248 everyday domestic ceramic containers from Islamic and post-Islamic contexts in western Sicily to aid our understanding of daily habits throughout this period of political change. A range of commodities was successfully identified, including animal fats, vegetable products, fruit products (potentially including wine) and plant resins. The study highlights the complexity of residues in early medieval Mediterranean society as, in many cases, mixtures of commodities were observed reflecting sequential cooking events and/or the complex mixtures reflective of medieval recipes. However, overall, there were no clear changes in the composition of the residues following the imposition of Norman control over the island and through subsequent periods, despite some differences between urban centres and rural sites. Thus, lending to the idea that post-Islamic populations largely flourished and benefited from the agricultural systems, resources and recipes left by their predecessors.
Artificial intelligence and the push for small adenomas: all we need?

by the endoscopic community, although many of the potential applications have remained in the testing environment using images and videos, and have not been tested in the clinical setting. Some computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) systems have entered the field of clinical application, however, and have been studied extensively in randomized trials. At the time of writing, 19 such trials were available as full publications [1– 19]. They all show a more or less significant increase in detection of small adenomas. The same results are summarized over and over again in no less than 16 meta-analyses [20–35], plus a protocol for a further one [36], as well as a meta-analysis of some of these meta-analyses [37]!
Tabulated optical properties of graphite and silicate grains

On donne les fonctions dielectriques complexes pour le graphite et le «silicate astronomique» pour les longueurs d'onde λ comprises entre 2000 μm et 200 A, ainsi que Q abs , l'albedo et pour des spheres a=0,01 μm et a=0,1 μm
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

Objectives: To explore changes in running behavior due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pan- demic, assess presence of symptoms suggestive for COVID-19 and identify whether there is an association between running behavior and COVID-19. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: For this study we used a cohort of runners participating in an ongoing randomized controlled trial on running injury prevention among recreational runners. At baseline, demographic and training variables were collected. Seven weeks after starting the lockdown, information on running behavior (interval training, training with partner and physical distancing during training) and running habits (training frequency, duration, distance and speed) were obtained. Furthermore, healthcare utilization and symptoms suggestive for COVID-19 were assessed. To determine the association between running and symptoms suggestive for COVID-19, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Of the 2586 included participants, 2427 (93.9%) participants continued running during lock- down with no signiﬁcant changes in mean weekly training variables. A total of 253 participants (9.8%) experienced symptoms suggestive for COVID-19 and 10 participants tested positive for COVID-19. Two participants were admitted to hospital due to COVID-19 with both one day of admission. Running behavior and running habits were not associated with the onset of symptoms suggestive for COVID-19. Conclusions: The large majority of runners in the Netherlands did not change their running habits during lockdown. No association between running behavior or running habits and onset of symptoms suggestive for COVID-19 was identiﬁed. This implicates that running outdoor during lockdown does not negatively affect health of runners. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Sports Medicine Australia. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Entrainment into two-dimensional and axisymmetric turbulent gravity currents

Entrainment of ambient fluid into both two-dimensional and axisymmetric gravity currents is investigated experimentally using a novel neutralization technique. The technique involves the titrative neutralization of an alkaline gravity current which intrudes into and entrains an acidic ambient, and is visualized using a pH indicator solution. Using this technique, we can determine quantitative results for the amount of dilution in the head of the current. The head of the current is able to entrain ambient fluid both by shear instabilities on the current/ambient interface and by over-riding (relatively light) ambient fluid. Guided by our experimental observations, we present two slightly different theoretical models to determine the entrainment into the head of the current as a function of distance from the source for the instantaneous release of a constant volume of fluid in a two-dimensional geometry. By dimensional analysis, we determine from both models that the dimensionless entrainment or dilution ratio, E, defined as the ratio of the volumes of ambient and original fluid in the head, is independent of the initial reduced gravity of the current; and this result is confirmed by our experiments in Boussinesq situations. Our theoretical evaluation of E in terms of the initial cross-sectional area of the current agrees very well with our experimental measurements on the incorporation of an entrainment coefficient α, evaluated experimentally to be 0.063 ± 0.003. We also obtain experimental results for constant-volume gravity currents moving over horizontal surfaces of varying roughness. A particularly surprising result from all the experiments, which is reflected in the theoretical models, is that the head remains essentially unmixed – the entrainment is negligible – in the slumping phase. Thus the heads of gravity currents with identical initial cross-sectional areas but different initial aspect ratios (lock lengths) will begin to be diluted by ambient fluid at different positions and hence propagate at different rates. A range of similar results is determined, both theoretically and experimentally, for the instantaneous release of a fixed volume of (heavy) fluid in an axisymmetric geometry. By contrast, the results of our experiments with gravity currents fed by a constant flux exhibit markedly different entrainment dynamics due to the continual replenishment of the fluid in the head by the constant input of undiluted fluid from the tail.
Transformative service research methodologies for vulnerable participants

Understanding vulnerable consumers when conducting Transformative Service Research (TSR) is essential but these consumers and their contexts are often complex and difficult to research. Despite a movement towards TSR methodologies suitable for studying vulnerable participants and their contexts, a comprehensive framework that can guide service researchers is lacking. The purpose of this paper is to investigate appropriate methods, procedures, and protocols that permit researching a wide range of vulnerable groups and exposures to vulnerable situations in TSR. This is undertaken via a review of the literature and the authors’ reflections of their experiences with researching vulnerability in various configurations (e.g., disasters, refugees, healthcare, disability, and older people). Through an iterative process of personal case reflections and group discussions blended with extant literature, patterns and insights regarding appropriate research protocols, techniques, processes, and sampling are identified. These insights contribute to the development of a comprehensive TSR framework in five research method areas including 1) consideration of the context, researcher, support persons and participants, 2) recruitment considerations relating to sampling, 3) recruitment considerations in terms of ethics and set-up, 4) data collection considerations relating to research protocol and set-up, and 5) data collection considerations. The framework can guide both academics and practitioners to enhance research outcomes for both participants and researchers.
A Black Hole in the X-Ray Nova GS 2000+25

We have obtained 13 moderate-resolution (~2.5 Å) spectra of the Galactic X-ray nova GS 2000+25 in quiescence with the W. M. Keck 10 m telescope. Cross-correlation with the spectra of late-type dwarfs (especially K2-K7) yields excellent radial velocities for the secondary star. The orbital period is consistent with that previously obtained from photometry (~8.3 hr). A semiamplitude of 518.4 ± 3.5 km s-1 is found, ~25% smaller than the outer disk velocity implied by the double-peaked Hα emission line (Δv/2 ≈ 700 km s-1). The derived mass function is 4.97 ± 0.10 M☉, the second highest known for any low-mass X-ray binary. Being considerably above the conventional limiting mass for a neutron star (~3.2 M☉), it strongly suggests that the compact primary is a black hole. Plausible mass estimates based on M2 = 0.4-0.7 M☉ and i = 67. °5-80° are M1 = 5.9-7.5 M☉. Under the assumption that the radial velocity curve of the centroid of the Hα emission line represents the true motion of the black hole, we formally find q = M2/M1 = 0.050 ± 0.026.
Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep

Abstract The management of sheep reproduction requires the induction and synchronization of the estrus cycle and ovulation for the ewe out-of-season and/or synchronized lambing. These managements are based on the insertion of an intravaginal device of controlled internal drug release (CIDR or sponge) and then the administration of a hormonal injection, such as PMSG, eCG, hCG, or GnRH. This study aimed to compare the impact of CIDR or sponges, with PMSG and GnRH injection, respectively, for inducing estrus synchronization, lambing rate, twining, and sex preselection rate in Naimi sheep. A total of 86 Naimi sheep ewes and six male rams with proven fertility were used in this study. The results showed that the first ewes or CIDR group had the highest ewe fertility rate of 26/28 (92.59%) with a 35/92 (38.04%) lamb production ratio. The offspring sex ratio was 22/35 males (62.85%) and 13/35 female lambs (37.14%). Their twin ratios were 9/22 (34.4%), producing 14 males (77.77%) and 13 females (37.14%). The second or sponge ewe group’s fertility ratio was 16/26 (61.53%). They sired the lowest offspring ratio of 20/92 total lambs (21.73%) and had sex ratios of 11/20 males (55.0%) and 9/20 (45.0%) female lambs. The twin production ratios were 4/22 (25% with two males and two males with female twins). Their twin sex ratio was six males (77.77%) and two females (22.34%). The third or control ewe group’s fertility rate was 29/33 (87.87%). They produced 37/92 (40.27%) lambs, and the total sex ratios were 22/37 male lambs (59.45%) and 15/35 (40.45%) female lambs. They produced eight twins (27.58%), and their twins’ sex was equal to six male and six female (50%) lambs. Regarding the progesterone and testosterone hormone levels, no differences during pre- or post-intravaginal insertion were observed, but the estrogen level showed some differences during pre-insertion. In conclusion, the use of CIDR with hormone injection is better for reproduction management, male lambing, and sex preselection rate. The control group produced approximately the same fertility rate with equal male and female lambing sex preselection rates.
Deformation Performance of Pt-IPMC Based on Experiment and Simulation Research

Abstract Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) is an intelligent material that can bend rapidly to produce large deformation and large strain when subjected to external electrical stimulation. And it is widely used in the actuation of underwater bionic robots. In this paper, two sets of IPMCs were fabricated by chemical reduction on the surface of commercial Nafion films. An experimental platform was built, the maximum displacement of IPMCs was 13.07 mm and the maximum output force was 12.14 mN, and it is found that IPMCs with high driving performance could generate displacements of 3.47 mm∼0.26 mm under high frequency voltage. The piezoelectric bicrystal model of IPMC was constructed and validated by Pearson correlation, proving that the model can effectively predict the experimental values and providing theoretical support for the subsequent research on the tail fin drive of IPMC miniature robot fish.
Evaluating the Discrepancy Between Scale Reliability and Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha Using Latent Variable Modeling

ABSTRACT This article outlines a readily applicable procedure for point and interval estimation of the population discrepancy between reliability and the popular Cronbach’s coefficient alpha for unidimensional multi-component measuring instruments with uncorrelated errors, which are widely used in behavioral and social research. The method is developed within the latent variable modeling framework and can be used to evaluate the degree to which coefficient alpha underestimates scale reliability in empirical measurement research employing such instruments. The approach is straight-forwardly utilized with readily available software and is illustrated using a numerical example.
Enhancement of Polarization Properties of Bulk PbTiO3 by Engineering Strain

Abstract The effect of strain (up to 8%) on the polarization of bulk PbTiO3 is clarified, in which the focus is put on the ferroelectric hysteresis loop. The shell model, a powerful simulation tool for calculating electric polarization, is developed. The results obtained show that the ferroelectric hysteresis loop is expanded or shrunk under the strain. Besides, the study also points out two main results which have potential applications in practice. (1) The remanent polarization is enhanced significantly under the compressive biaxial strain (1.68 times). (2) The ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition can be achieved under the compressive uniaxial strain (at 8%).
Electroseismic wave properties

In a porous material saturated by a fluid electrolyte, mechanical and electromagnetic disturbances are coupled. The coupling is due to an excess of electrolyte ions that exist in a fluid layer near the grain surfaces within the material; i.e., the coupling is electrokinetic in nature. The governing equations controlling the coupled electromagnetic‐seismic (or ‘‘electroseismic’’) wave propagation are presented for a general anisotropic and heterogeneous porous material. Uniqueness is derived as well as the statements of energy conservation and reciprocity. Representation integrals for the various wave fields are derived that require, in general, nine different Green’s tensors. For the special case of an isotropic and homogeneous wholespace, both the plane‐wave and the point‐source responses are obtained. Finally, the boundary conditions that hold at interfaces in the porous material are derived.
Commercial Sexual Exploitation Victims Treated as Offenders: Examining the Gendered Risk Factors of Incarcerated Youth Charged with Prostitution

ABSTRACT Minors under the age of 18 involved in prostitution, or commercial sex acts, are defined as victims by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. However, state and local justice systems continued to arrest and incarcerate minors for prostitution after the passage of the TVPA despite widespread agreement that youth involved in commercial sexual exploitation are victims, not offenders. Most youth charged with prostitution have an extensive history of victimization experiences and detaining them often exacerbates their problems, delays appropriate therapeutic responses, interrupts their education, exposes them to youth who commit more serious offenses, and increases justice system costs. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics and risk factors (e.g., victimization histories, drug/alcohol use, gang involvement, home type) of justice-involved youth charged with prostitution in the United States. Given that males and females have different pathways to crime/arrest, this study will also test for gender differences in these risk factors using a nationally representative sample of incarcerated youth (Survey of Youth in Residential Placement; Sedlak, 2003). Results indicate this population of incarcerated youth have several risk factors, including extensive victimization experiences during childhood, and that these experiences vary by gender. I conclude with the implications of this research and give several policy and future research recommendation.
Conformations of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Envelope Glycoproteins in Detergents and Styrene-Maleic Acid Lipid Particles (SMALPs)

The mature human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer, which consists of non-covalently associated gp120 exterior and gp41 transmembrane subunits, mediates virus entry into cells. The pretriggered (State-1) Env conformation is the major target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), whereas receptor-induced downstream Env conformations elicit immunodominant, poorly neutralizing antibody (pNAb) responses. To examine the contribution of membrane anchorage to the maintenance of the metastable pretriggered Env conformation, we compared wild-type and State-1-stabilized Envs solubilized in detergents or in styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymers. SMA directly incorporates membrane lipids and resident membrane proteins into lipid nanodiscs (SMALPs). The integrity of the Env trimer in SMALPs was maintained at both 4°C and room temperature. By contrast, Envs solubilized in Cymal-5, a non-ionic detergent, were unstable at room temperature, although their stability was improved at 4°C and after incubation with the entry inhibitor BMS-806. Envs solubilized in ionic detergents were relatively unstable at either temperature. Comparison of Envs solubilized in Cymal-5 and SMA at 4°C revealed subtle differences in bNAb binding to the gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER), consistent with these distinct modes of Env solubilization. Otherwise, the antigenicity of the Cymal-5- and SMA- solubilized Envs was remarkably similar, both in the absence and presence of BMS-806. However, both solubilized Envs were recognized differently from the mature membrane Env by specific bNAbs and pNAbs. Thus, detergent-based and detergent-free solubilization at 4°C alters the pretriggered membrane Env conformation in consistent ways, indicating that loss of Env association with the membrane results in default state(s). IMPORTANCE The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins (Envs) in the viral membrane mediate virus entry into the host cell and are targeted by neutralizing antibodies elicited by natural infection or vaccines. Detailed studies of membrane proteins rely on purification procedures that allow the proteins to maintain their natural conformation. In this study, we show that a styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer can extract HIV-1 Env from a membrane without the use of detergents. The Env in SMA is more stable at room temperature than Env in detergents. The purified Env in SMA maintains many but not all of the characteristics expected of the natural membrane Env. Our results underscore the importance of the membrane environment to the native conformation of HIV-1 Env. Purification methods that bypass the need for detergents could be useful tools for future studies of HIV-1 Env structure and its interaction with receptors and antibodies.