Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Xanthan Gum or Glycerol Mono Stearate Incorporation on the Quality Characteristics of Sponge Cake

The main target of this work is to throw the light on the effect of xanthan gum (XG) or glycerol mono stearate (GMS) incorporation at different levels (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% of XG and 0.5, 1.5 and 2.0% of GMS), instead of whole fresh egg, on the rheological properties of prepared sponge cake dough, physical properties of produced sponge cake batter; viscosity, specific gravity and bubble size distribution, and on the most important quality characteristics of produced sponge cake batches; weight (g), volume (cm), specific volume (cm), wetting characteristics, hardness and organoleptic quality properties (taste, crust, color, crumb color, taste, mouth feel and overall acceptability), as well as on the storage stability for the former organoleptic quality properties of produced sponge cake batches under storage conditions at ambient temperature (25±5°C). The obtained results from farinograph test showed that water absorption and dough stability time were increased in all tested samples with either the XG or the GMS as compared to the control sample. This replacement led to the enhancement in dough elasticity, extensibility and energy, as compared with the control sample. Moreover, the proportional number was decreased as the addition level increase of the XG or the GMS in the dough. In addition, the incorporation of either the XG or the GMS into the sponge cake, instead of egg, caused an improvement of the viscosity and specific gravity of the sponge cake batter which were a progressively increased as the addition levels increased. On the other hand, the specific volume of produced sponge cake was gradually decreased as the addition ratio of either the XG or the GMS increased. In addition, this replacement by the XG or the GMS led to a gradual increase in the moisture content and decrease in the protein content in the final products. Also, the sponge cake containing the XG or the GMS exhibited a good sensory properties and better acceptability especially those contained 0.25 and 0.5 % of the XG and 0.5% of the GMS, even after stored for 6 days under the ambient (25±5°C) storage condition, as well as the improvement of physico-chemical quality criteria throughout the ambient storage temperature, when compared to the control sample. Furthermore, this replacement led to an improvement in the healthy safe quality especially for atherosclerosis persons by the lack in cholesterol content in the sponge cake product and their stability during the storage, as well as the lowering cost of the final product.
Microsoft Word-1 A-10-1315-1 ahmadi Review

Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol), and carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) are the main components of the essential oils of some Laminaceae,Verbenaceae and Ranunculaceae members such as oregano, thyme, savory, etc. The formation of thymol and carvacrol is thought to involve hydroxylation of γ-terpinene and p-cymene precursors. They are produced by the plant species as a chemical defense mechanism upon exposure to pathogens, pests, herbivores, or environmental stresses. Accordingly, the potent antimicrobial and fungi toxic properties of these compounds against various plant pathogens have been demonstrated. They have antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and anti-oxidative properties which are the basis for the wide use of these compounds in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in cattle in the Nineveh Governorate, Iraq

Background and Aim: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the main causes of severe pneumonia, interstitial edema, and emphysema in cattle. The current study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of BRSV in cattle in the Nineveh Province, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Between September 2017 and September 2018, 450 serum samples were collected from non-vaccinated cattle of different ages and breeds for BRSV testing. The epidemiological information of the animals was recorded. The prevalence of the disease was determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The prevalence of BRSV was 83.11%, and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cattle aged greater than 7 months-1.5 years than in older animals; in imported cattle than in Native animals; and in animals originating from large herds (100 animals) than in those from smaller herds (40 animals). There was no significant difference between BRSV prevalence in male and female animals. When samples from different regions of the Nineveh Governorate were compared, the northern region was associated with the highest prevalence of the disease. Samples harvested in the winter displayed the highest BRSV titer, compared to those collected during the other seasons. Conclusion: BRSV is prevalent in cattle from the Nineveh Governorate. Risk factors such as animal age, origin, herd size, and the herd’s geographical location are associated with an increased prevalence of the disease in this region. Routine vaccination programs should be adopted to reduce the prevalence of BRSV.
Experiences from Battery-Electric Truck Users in Norway

This paper presents experiences from pilot-projects with battery-electric trucks in Norway, focusing on purchasing processes, technology, vehicle choices, user experience and various performance aspects. Furthermore, we discuss the electrification potential for battery-electric trucks and compare their total costs of ownership and associated socio-economic costs with internal combustion engine (ICE) trucks for a range of technological maturity scenarios. The results show that experiences have generally been positive but tailoring of use patterns is often required. Furthermore, at their current maturity level, battery-electric trucks could, to some extent, replace typical use of Norwegian ICE trucks, depending on the situation. In terms of costs, we expect that battery-electric light distribution trucks will first become competitive with ICE trucks when technology reaches mass production.
Toxicodynamics of Methemoglobin (MtHb) Inducers

A BSTRACT : There is a need in New Zealand for a new, more advanced generation of toxins to minimize the impact of invasive animals. A new pest control agent, para -aminopropiophenone (PAPP), represents a lead candidate presently undergoing registration for the humane control of stoats and feral cats. It exhibits low toxicity to most bird species, no secondary poisoning risk, and has a simple and highly effective antidote. PAPP induces methemoglobinemia (MtHb), which acts to prevent oxygen from binding to red blood cells. This reduces oxygen supply to the brain, causing animals to become lethargic, sleepy, and unconscious prior to eventual death in 1 to 2 hours. Despite such promise, to date no previous study has comprehensively examined the effect of modifying the structure of PAPP on MtHb induction. Using PAPP as a platform, this paper describes the design, synthesis, and bioevaluation of PAPP-like red blood cell toxins. The impacts of introducing groups of varying electronic nature at different positions on the PAPP molecule are presently being evaluated. Analogues are synthesized and their MtHb-inducing properties determined using an in vitro assay to establish a formal structure-activity profile. In vivo evaluation in rats is used to assess both their acute toxicity and humaneness of potential candidates. Structure-activity profiles are discussed with the objective of optimizing the bioavailability and potency of PAPP-like compounds to target, high priority pests, particularly rodents. Proc. Vertebr. Conf. (R. M. Timm K. A. Fagerstone, Eds.) Davis. 2010.
Comparative Study of High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation and Traditional Chest Physical Therapy in Intensive Care Unit Patients

Aims and objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacious treatment in intensive care unit patients: high frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO ̧VEST) versus chest physiotherapy (CPT). Background: Patients with lung disease often have respiratory infections and hospitalization caused by sputum retention. Intensive care unit patients usually have intubated and ventilator and this make it difficult to clean the airway. Methods: A comparison study with random sampling was carried out 559 patients in the intensive care unit were recruited in the study. Patients either received HFCWO therapy using the vest system (n=208) or received CPT (n=351). The primary outcomes were length of stay in intensive care unit and the duration of mechanical ventilation, comfortable with therapy and lung condition were compared between the two groups. Results: The patients treated by the high frequency chest wall oscillation, their duration of mechanical ventilation (p=0.014), chest X-ray (p<0.0001) and their comfortability (p<0.0001) were significantly better than the chest physiotherapy patients. The sputum volume did not differ significantly between the two groups (p=0.085). Conclusion: HFCWO was associated with better comfort, produced an improvement in lung condition, and reduced the number of days to use the ventilator on patients who are in intensive care units, compared to manual percussion of CPT. HFCWO can be performed in acutely ill patients who may be unable to use handheld devices effectively. Those patients need airway clearance in intensive care units; this treatment could be included among the options in chest physiotherapy.
June Temperature Trends in the Southwest Deserts of the USA (1950–2018) and Implications for Our Urban Areas

Within the United States, the Southwest USA deserts show the largest temperature changes (1901–2010) besides Alaska, according to the most recent USA National Climate Assessment report. The report does not discuss urban effects vs. regional effects that might be evident in trends. Twenty-five temperature stations with ca. 68-year records (1950 to 2018) have been accessed from US Global Historical Climate Network archives. Land cover data are accessed from a National Land Cover Database. June results considering both urban and rural sites show an astounding rate per year change among sites ranging from −0.01 to 0.05 °C for maximum temperatures and 0.01 to 0.11 °C for minimum temperatures (−0.8 to 3.2 °C, and 0.8 to 8.0 °C for the entire period). For maximum temperatures, almost half of the sites showed no significant trends at a stringent 0.01 level of statistical significance, but 20 of 25 were significant at the 0.05 level. For minimum temperatures, over 75% of sites were significant at the 0.01 level (92% at 0.05 level of significance). The urban-dominated stations in Las Vegas, Phoenix, Tucson, and Yuma show large minimum temperature trends, indicating emerging heat island effects. Rural sites, by comparison, show much smaller trends. Addressing heat in our urban areas by local actions, through collaborations with stakeholders and political resolve, will aid in meeting future urban challenges in this era of projected global climate change and continued warming.
Determinants of the Extent of Technological Innovation Adoption Among Micro, Small, and Medium Food Processing Enterprises in Davao Region, Philippines

1Technical Services Division, Department of Science and Technology (DOST) XI Davao City 8000 Philippines 2College of Public Affairs and Development, University of the Philippines Los Baños Laguna 4030 Philippines 3College of Economics and Management, University of the Philippines Los Baños Laguna 4030 Philippines 4School of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao Davao City 8000 Philippines
Edinburgh Research Explorer 2016 Comprehensive Update of the Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology: Introduction of Antibody-Mediated Rejection

Citation for published version: Demetris, AJ, Bellamy, C, Hübscher, SG, O'leary, J, Randhawa, PS, Feng, S, Neil, D, Colvin, RB, Mccaughan, G, Fung, JJ, Del Bello, A, Reinholt, FP, Haga, H, Adeyi, O, Czaja, AJ, Schiano, T, Fiel, MI, Smith, ML, Sebagh, M, Tanigawa, RY, Yilmaz, F, Alexander, G, Baiocchi, L, Balasubramanian, M, Batal, I, Bhan, AK, Bucuvalas, J, Cerski, CTS, Charlotte, F, De Vera, ME, Elmonayeri, M, Fontes, P, Furth, EE, Gouw, ASH, Hafezi-bakhtiari, S, Hart, J, Honsova, E, Ismail, W, Itoh, T, Jhala, NC, Khettry, U, Klintmalm, GB, Knechtle, S, Koshiba, T, Kozlowski, T, Lassman, CR, Lerut, J, Levitsky, J, Licini, L, Liotta, R, Mazariegos, G, Minervini, MI, Misdraji, J, Mohanakumar, T, Mölne, J, Nasser, I, Neuberger, J, O'neil, M, Pappo, O, Petrovic, L, Ruiz, P, Saol, Ö, Sanchez Fueyo, A, Sasatomi, E, Shaked, A, Shiller, M, Shimizu, T, Sis, B, Sonzogni, A, Stevenson, HL, Thung, SN, Tisone, G, Tsamandas, AC, Wernerson, A, Wu, T, Zeevi, A & Zen, Y 2016, '2016 Comprehensive Update of the Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology: Introduction of Antibody-Mediated Rejection', American Journal of Transplantation, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 2816-2835. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.13909
Quantitative Easing and the Term Premium as a Monetary Policy Instrument

The transmission of Quantitative Easing to aggregate macroeconomic variables through the yield curve is disentangled in two yield channels: the term premium channel, captured by a term premium series, and the signaling channel, that corresponds to the interest rate expectations counterpart. Both yield components are extracted from a term structure model and plugged into a Structural VAR with Euro Area macroeconomic variables in which shocks are identified using sign restrictions. With this set-up, I show how the central bank can use the term premium as a single monetary policy instrument to foster output and prices. However, I also show that there has been a cost channel in the transmission of QE to inflation between 2015 and 2017. This cost channel provides a new explanation as to why inflation has been so muted during this period, despite the easing monetary environment. Finally, a policy rule for the term premium is estimated.
Calcitoninlike immunoreactive and bombesinlike immunoreactive endocrine-paracrine cells of the human prostate.

: Calcitoninlike immunoreactive and bombesinlike immunoreactive endocrine-paracrine (EP) cells are reported for the first time, to our knowledge, in the human prostate gland and urethra. While calcitoninlike immunoreactive and bombesinlike immunoreactive EP cells account for only a small percentage of the total number of prostatic and urethral EP cells, they underscore the heterogeneity and potential significance of these cells. Prostatic and urethral EP cells may well play an important role not only in the normal state but in such diverse pathologic conditions as infertility, nodular hyperplasia, and prostatic malignancy.
VARIATION IN STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES OF FORAGE SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH] UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

Sorghum, green forage is well adapted to semiarid zones to feed livestock under saline regimes. In present study, structural fibrous fractions were evaluated in two sorghum genotypes viz. G-46 and S713 under different salinity treatments (6, 8 dS/m) to quantify their values. Structural carbohydrate concentrations varied among genotypes and salinity levels. As the salinity level increased, there is reduction of all cell wall components. The cell wall constituents (NDF, ADF, HC, cellulose, lignin) exhibited upward trend with the plant maturity. The NDF content varied from 67.05 to 48.87 % with a relative mean value of 57.96% and at 95 DAS 59.65-76.02 %. Maximum ADF content was observed at maturity stage with a mean value of 40.82%. A significant difference was observed between different growth stages. For total lignin content, the reduction varies from 8.09-6.17 % with a mean value of 5.59 % at 35 DAS. With advancement of maturity, amount of lignin content increased with a mean value of 7.31%. Cellulose and hemicellulose content ranged from 38.09-27.07%, 29.04-24.97 % with mean values of 28.58 and 23.92 %, respectively. Overall, G-46 genotype performed better at all salinity levels and possessed maximum structural fiber fraction and might be a used in future breeding programmes to improve the fiber fractions.
Association of HCV genotype with viral load among Iranian blood donors: a penalized logistic regression

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood born virus and the leading cause of advanced hepatitis disease. HCV genotype 3a is predominant among Iranian blood donors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between HCV genotype and HCV viral load. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study 106 anti-HCV positive and HCV RNA positive blood donors referred to Iranian blood centers across the county were entered. HCV viral loads were determined by an in-house one step Taq Man Real-Time RT-PCR assay. Penalized logistic regression was performed for data analysis. STATA software version 13 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age was 37.94 ± 9.04 years ranged from 19 to 58 years. Male gender included 104 (98.1%) of subjects. 31, 10 and 65 subjects were infected with genotypes1a, 1b, and 3a, respectively. The mean viral load was 1.44 × 106 ± 4.5× 105 IU/ml. HCV viral load was not significantly different among subjects infected with HCV genotypes 1, 1.49 × 10 6 ± 4.57 × 10 6 IU/ml compare to genotype 3, 1.40 × 10 6 ± 5.58 4.58 × 106 IU/ml (p=0.93). Conclusion: Although not significant, the frequency of subjects with high viral load (> 800,000 IU/ml) was higher in subjects infected with genotype 3 than those of genotype 1. No associations were found between demographic characteristics and HCV genotype. Although the study was unable to find any association between HCV genotype and HCV viral load/ HCV viral load group, it highlighted the role of high viral load in the high circulation of HCV genotype 3a among Iranian blood donors.
Impact of Heat Treatment on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Thermally Modified Anthocleistha

Thermal modification at relatively high temperatures is an effective method of improving the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of wood. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the physico-mechanical properties of thermally modified Anthocleistha djalonensis wood. Thirty nine defect-free specimens of dimensions 20 mm × 20 mm × 60 mm were prepared for dimensional stability and compression tests. For the evaluation of static bending strength, thirty nine specimens of dimensions 20 mm × 20 mm x 300 mm were also prepared. After drying to a constant moisture content of 12%, samples were thermally treated at temperatures of 120, 140, 160 and 180°C for 60, 90 and 120 minutes duration respectively in the furnace. The mean values of the density showed a significant reduction as a function of treatment condition while an increase of the modulus of elasticity during the bending test was noticed. The minimum MOE value of samples was 3266 N/mm 2 at 120°C for 1h while the maximum MOE of samples was 3908 N/mm 2 at 160°C for 2h, whereas the compressive strength parallel to the fibre increased after heat treatment. It was observed that thermal modification improved dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the wood. Physical properties generally decreased with increasing temperature intensity.
Renewable Energy Use as Environmental CSR Behavior and the Impact on Firm Profit

Firms buy renewable energy at premiums and report environmental concerns as motivation to do so. The bulk of the literature on environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) suggests that this type of behavior even results in higher profit. From a microeconomic perspective, however, higher profit from environmental CSR activities is generally not expected. This paper investigates the relationship between firms’ renewable energy use and profit by analyzing panel data for 920 firms over 2014–2018. We find no relationship between renewable energy use and profit. Hence, a win-win in the form of higher profit and a better environment does not seem to exist. In addition, it appears that firms do not have a positive willingness to pay for renewable energy as contribution to the environment.
Acrylamide content and genotoxicity of baby food

Arylamide (AA) is a monomer that can form in heated starchy food as a result of Maillard reaction. The adverse effects of AA in humans are neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The present study was carried out to cover the lack information of AA content and its genotoxicity in baby food. Sixty samples of baby food were collected from local markets ,its involved 12 types with five replicates as raw potato tubers ,potato ,corn ,sweet, chocolate and wheat processed products. AA content (μg/kg) and genotoxicity of these products were determined. The obtained results showed presence high content of AA mainly in wheat products as in Rusk (800 μg/kg),potato crisp(300 μg/kg) and chocolate(250 μg/kg). Whereas, the other products were less than 100 (μg/kg). The genotoxicity measurements showed high significant values than blank in selected baby food. The linear relationship resulted between AA content and genotoxicty ,as y= 0.1011x + 9.2047, with high significant R =0.9828. The exposure assessment was carried out using analytical data and recommended daily consumption of baby food. AA concentration of baby food exposure was estimated at two levels: minimum and maximum. The calculations of AA intake daily(μg/kg per weight body )according the common consumption of baby food in Arabic area, showed that four or more types are common use daily has AA content more than safety levels. This raise alarm of human health risk for presence the toxic ,carcinogenic and neurotoxic compound in baby food.
Mutual Coupling Reduction of Cross-Dipole Antenna for Base Stations by Using a Neural Network Approach

In this manuscript, a resonator layer is presented for the purpose of reducing the mutual coupling effect between each antenna element of a cross dipole antenna. In design processes, an artificial neural network approach was used for various resonator designs. In the operating frequency band of 2.2–2.7 GHz, 48 different 6 × 6 resonator layers were created and integrated into the cross dipole antenna to reduce transmission and improve isolation between each antenna elements. Moreover, when training an artificial neural network in the Matlab program, 48 different resonator layers were used with the return losses and transmission values of cross dipole antenna elements. After training process, eight unknown resonator designs were tested and accurate results were obtained. Finally, one of the resonator planes, which was obtained from the artificial neural network, was fabricated and experimentally tested, then an accurate result was obtained. This study provides a good solution, especially for improving isolation in multiport antenna systems, using an artificial neural network approach.
Selective Damage to Either the “M” Or “P” Cell Pathway in Human Retinal Disease: Implications for Visual Processing

Studies in primates have shown there to be 2 main visual afferent pathways (magno and parvo) operating in parallel with different functional roles. Disease state may selectively affect one or other of these, as shown by particular sensory losses. In cases of treated Cuban tropical “neuropathy” (a retinopathy also occurs) visual acuity and achromatic contrast sensitivity are preserved although colour vision is severely affected indicating selective preservation of the “magno” pathway. In Melanoma Associated Retinopathy, red-green colour vision is preserved although achromatic contrast sensitivity for low spatial frequencies, and the detection of motion is damaged suggesting preferential damage to the “magno” pathway. Our studies illuminate two controversial aspects of the P and M systems: the role of type II parvocellular cells in colour vision and the role of M cells in detecting stimuli of low spatial and low temporal frequency.