Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of benzene-1,4-dioxydiacetic acid, C10H10O6

C10H10O6, triclinic, P1 (no. 2), a = 6.425(3) Å, b = 6.913(5) Å, c = 6.967(3) Å, + = 105.231(7)°, * = 116.289(4)°, & = 104.618(6)°, V = 242.2 Å, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.042, wRref(F ) = 0.131, T = 296 K. Source of material 11.0 g hydroquinone and 10.0 g sodium hydroxide were dissolved in 45 ml deionized water, then 12 g chloroacetic acid and polyethylene glycol were added, and the solution was refluxed under 363 K for 5 h. After cooling, the pH value was adjusted to 2 3 with hydrogen chloride and a gray solid precipitated. After filtering and washing with iced water three times, 19.6 g colorless solid was obtained (m.p. 450 452 K), which conform to the literature values [4]. Crystals appropriate for data collection were obtained by recrystallization from deionized water. Experimental details H atoms attached to O were located in a difference Fourier map but was refined using a riding model with d(O—H) = 0.82 Å; all other H atoms were placed at geometrically idealized positions with d(C—Hmethyl) = 0.97 Å, d(C—Haromatic) = 0.93 Å, and Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(C). Discussion Compounds of the phenoxyacetic acid and their derivatives have good herbicidal activity and become excellent plant growth regulators [1]. Since World War II they have been studied extensively. With the purpose of finding new phenoxyacetic acid compounds with more and better pharmacological activities, the study of their structure-activity relationships is required. In the title crystal structure, the bond lengths of C—Oether are 1.383(2) and 1.413(2) Å, these values are similar to those already reported. And two oxyacetate groups and phenyl ring are roughly planar, with a mean deviation of 0.034 Å. There are dual hydrogen bonds O4–H4···O3 (symmetry code: 2–x,2–y,1–z) between adjacent benzene-1,4-dioxydiacetic acid molecules with O···O distance of 2.64(3) Å, which link the molecules to a chain structure. In addition, weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds C7– H7b···O4 (symmetry code: 1–x,1–y,–z) with C···O distance of 3.26(3) Å exist in the title crystal structure, which join the chains into a layer. Z. Kristallogr. NCS 225 (2010) 719-720 / DOI 10.1524/ncrs.2010.0317 719 © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München Crystal: colorless block, size 0.10 × 0.14 × 0.15 mm Wavelength: Mo Kα radiation (0.71073 Å) . : 1.31 cm−1 Diffractometer, scan mode: Bruker APEX-II CCD, #/% 2,max: 50.98° N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique: 1854, 890 Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2 )(Iobs), 695 N(param)refined: 74 Programs: SHELXS-97, SHELXL-97 [7] Table 1. Data collection and handling. H(4A) 2i 0.7208 0.3658 0.1939 0.045 H(4B) 2i 0.7728 0.4395 0.0183 0.045 H(1) 2i 0.6433 0.0752 −0.1257 0.046 H(3) 2i 1.3922 0.2673 0.3312 0.045 H(2) 2i 0.7862 0.8826 0.3611 0.077 Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in Å). Atom Site x y z Uiso
Evolution of Carbon Microstructures during the Pyrolysis of Turkish Elbistan Lignite in the Temperature Range 700−1000 °C

Chars and activated carbons were produced from raw, HCl-washed, and HCl/HF-washed Elbistan lignites at 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C. The pyrolysis and activation reactions increased the BET areas (m2/g carbon) of the acid-washed samples almost 10-fold. The increase of the BET areas (m2/g carbon) by increasing the temperature of pyrolysis or activation from 700 °C to 1000 °C was explained with the burn-out of carbon which led to the development of porosity. The values of the stacking heights, Lc of HCl/HF-washed samples seemed to increase from 1.0 nm to 1.5 nm, the average number of graphene sheets increased from 2.8 to 4.4, and the lateral size of the crystallites, La, increased very faintly from 5.0 nm to 5.5 nm when the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 700 °C to 1000 °C. Activation reactions performed at the same temperature range did not change the stacking heights. The values of Lc for activated HCl/HF-washed samples stayed almost constant in the same range as for the carbonized samples.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Non-Obese Subjects With Abdominal Obesity is Associated With A Higher Risk of Advanced Cardiovascular Disease: A 14 Year Prospective Cohort Study

Background Obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between non-obese NAFLD and the incidence of CVD is still unclear and little is known about deleterious factors related to their inter-relationship. Here, we investigated the effects of abdominal obesity (AO) and/or NAFLD on CVD risk.Methods We enrolled 8,422 patients who did not have CVD or consume excessive amounts of alcohol at baseline from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). NAFLD was defined using the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, and AO was defined as a waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women. Subjects were sub-divided into eight groups depending on whether they were obese, AO, and/or NAFLD.Results In the full cohort, during a median 11.6 years of follow-up period, the incidence rate (IR) of CVD was 8.07%. The IR of CVD in participants with NAFLD was 1.9-fold higher than in those without NAFLD. The IR per 1,000 person-years for CVD was highest in the non-obese abdominal obesity subjects with NAFLD (15.76 [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.76–20.69]). Compared with participants who did not have obesity, AO, or NAFLD, the adjusted hazard ratio for CVD was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.16–2.41) in non-obese NAFLD patients with AO, 1.60 (95% CI: 1.21–2.11) in NAFLD patients with obesity and AO, and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.32–0.91) in obese subjects without either NAFLD or AO.Conclusions The co-occurrence of AO with NAFLD appears to be strongly associated with an increased risk of CVD regardless of obesity; but its risk is higher in non-obese subjects. By contrast, obese individuals without AO or NAFLD appear to be at lower risk. Therefore, early prevention and control of AO and NAFLD is an important means of reducing the risk of CVD, even in subjects with a normal BMI.
To assess the Prevalence and Predictors of Cancer-related Fatigue and its Impact on Quality of Life in Advanced Cancer Patients Receiving Palliative Care in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study

Introduction: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the adverse outcomes of cancer and its treatment. Despite its high prevalence; the data are scarce from the Indian population on the prevalence of CRF and its predictors in advanced cancer patients. Hence, we aim to find the prevalence of the fatigue, its impact of fatigue on quality of life (QOL), and possible predictors. Methods: This study was conducted after approval of the ethical committee in adult patients of advanced cancer receiving palliative care. The data collected included demographic details, nutritional status, any comorbidities involving cardiorespiratory, renal, pulmonary, and neurological system, type and stage of cancer, site of metastasis, any previous or ongoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, history of drug intake, hemoglobin, and albumin. The study parameters included assessment of fatigue, QOL, and symptom assessment as per the validated tools. The primary objective of the study was to find the prevalence of fatigue in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. The secondary objectives were to find predictive factors of fatigue, its impact on QOL of patients, and the relation between the fatigue and QOL receiving palliative care. The correlation between fatigue score and QOL was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for identifying the predictors of CRF. Results: The fatigue was observed in all 110 patients in this study. Of these, severe fatigue was seen in 97 patients (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy [FACIT]-F < 30). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) FACIT-F score was 14 (8–23). The median (IQR) of the overall QOL was 16.66 (16.6–50). The correlation between the fatigue (FACIT-F) and QOL was + 0.64 (P < 0.001). The predictors of fatigue included pain, physical functioning, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, tiredness, and the level of albumin. Conclusion: We conclude that the prevalence of fatigue in Indian patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care was high and it has a negative impact on QOL. Pain, physical functioning, performance status, and albumin were found to be independent predictors of CRF.
The Apparent Second‐Order Transition Point of Polystyrene

(1) At high temperatures (above 80°C) the specific volume of polystyrene is an explicit function of the temperature. dV/dT=0.00043. (2) At low temperatures (below 40°C) the specific volume of polystyrene depends upon its past thermal history dV/dT=0.00024, although V is not explicitly fixed by the temperature alone. (3) When a sample of polystyrene is cooled at constant rate, it contracts according to the higher expansion coefficient until some critical region of temperature, and then contracts according to the smaller coefficient. (4) The position of the critical temperature region depends upon the rate of cooling. The faster the cooling, the higher the ``transition point. '' (5) In the intermediate temperature range (say 40°C to 80°C), complex time effects can be observed. A sample heated from 20°C to this intermediate range will first expand, according to the small expansion coefficient, and then contract slowly toward a smaller volume. The rate of this contraction is greater at higher temperatures. (6).
The electrostatic potential profile along a biased molecular wire: A model quantum-mechanical calculation

We study the electrostatic potential of a molecular wire bridging two metallic electrodes in the limit of weak contacts. With the use of a tight-binding model including a fully three-dimensional treatment of the electrostatics of the molecular junction, the potential is shown to be poorly screened, dropping mostly along the entire molecule. In addition, we observe pronounced Friedel oscillations that can be related to the breaking of electron–hole symmetry. Our results are in semiquantitative agreement with recent state-of-the-art ab initio calculations and point to the need of a three-dimensional treatment to properly capture the behavior of the electrostatic potential. Based on these results, current-voltage curves are calculated within the Landauer formalism. It is shown that Coulomb interaction partially compensates the localization of the charges induced by the electric field and consequently tends to suppress zones of negative differential resistance.
The Effectiveness of Educational Supervision in Increasing the Teacher’s Professional Competence in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period

This research aims to determine the process of drafting the supervisory program, the applied techniques, the implementation of supervision / evaluation carried out and the feedback carried out by supervisors to improve the professionalism of educators through supervision during the Covid-19 pandemic period at MTs. Negeri 2 Kota Bandung-Jawa Barat-Indonesia. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods and data collection using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The subjects of this reserach were school supervisors, principals and MTs educators. The results of this study indicate (1) the preparation of a supervisory program involving all supervisors in the city of Bandung-West Java-Indonesia through stages consisting of annual programs, semester programs and academic supervision plans (RPA); (2) the techniques applied in the implementation of supervision are individual techniques and group techniques; (3) evaluation of the implementation carried out after the supervision process takes place and used as data for supervisors to be collected to determine the achievement of the targets that have been set, so that it can be followed up with further coaching programs; (4) giving feedback is done verbally by the supervisor giving comments on the results of observations of the learning process and giving written comments on the results of observing the learning process and proceed with a plan for strengthening and rewarding follow-up for educators who have reached the standard, educators who have not yet reached the standard educational directions and provide opportunities for educators to attend further training or upgrading.
Investigation of Absorption and Scattering Properties of Soot Aggregates of Different Fractal Dimension at 532 nm Using RDG and GMM

Radiative properties of numerically generated fractal soot aggregates of different fractal dimensions were studied using the numerically accurate generalized Mie-solution method (GMM) and the Rayleigh-Debye-Gans (RDG) approximate theory. Fractal aggregates of identical prefactor but different fractal dimensions, namely, 1.4, 1.78, and 2.1, were generated numerically using a tunable algorithm of cluster–cluster aggregation for aggregates containing up to 800 primary particles. Radiative properties of these aggregates were calculated at a wavelength of 532 nm assuming a soot refractive index of 1.6 + 0.6i. Four commonly used structure factors in the RDG approximation were used to investigate the effect of structure factor on the differential and total scattering cross-sections and the asymmetry factor. The differential and total scattering properties calculated using the RDG approximation become increasingly sensitive to the structure factor with increasing the fractal dimension. Primary particle interactions are the fundamental mechanism for the aggregate absorption enhancement for small aggregates and the shielding effect for larger aggregates. The extent of these two competing factors is dependent on the fractal dimension and aggregate size. RDG reasonably predicts the effect of fractal dimension on the scattering properties, but fails to account for the effect of aggregation or fractal morphology on the absorption property of fractal soot aggregates, though the error is in general less than 15%. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
THE UTILISATION OF ISLAMIC FINTECH (I-FINTECH) IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE INCLUSIVE GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS IN MALAYSIA

Information technology is fundamentally changing the world today. The power of technology applicable fastly in Islamic financial technology (i-Fintech), as it expands access to mobile financial services. This is evidenced by the increasing number of customers who interact using technology, especially micro-entrepreneurs, who adopt the tools into their business models to tap into this opportunity to enhance their income. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the impact of i-fintech use in stabilising microentrepreneurs’ income. A quantitative technique was employed through the use of 120 questionnaires distributed to micro-entrepreneurs who had adopted i-fintech into their business. Using Amos and SEM models, the study indicates that crowdfunding, mobile money and peer-to-peer lending play a significant role in ensuring income sustainability for micro-entrepreneurs. The study also discusses both the theoretical and managerial implications in comprehending the determinants of sustainable income growth in Malaysia. The findings should help practitioners, researchers and regulators to have better understanding of the dynamics between the potential of i-fintech and sustainable income.
Simultaneous Determination of Epinephrine, Noradrenaline and Dopamine in Human Serum Samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Chemiluminescence Detection

A simple, rapid and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of epinephrine (E), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA). It was based on the analyte enhancement effect on the CL reaction between luminol and potassium ferricyanide. The effects of various parameters, such as potassium ferricyanide concentration, luminol concentration, pH value and component of the mobile phase on chromatographic behaviors of the analytes (E, NA and DA) were investigated. The separation was carried out on C18 column using the mobile phase of 0.01 mol/L potassium hydrogen phthalate solution and methanol (92:8, V/V). Under the optimum conditions, E, NA and DA showed good linear relationships in the range of 1×10−8–5×10−6, 5.0×10−9–1.0×10−6 and 5.0×10−9–1.0×10−6 g/mL respectively. The detection limits for E, NA and DA were 4.0×10−9, 1.0×10−9 and 8.0×10−10 g/mL. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of E, NA and DA in human serum samples.
The ice/water interface: A molecular dynamics simulation study

The structure and dynamics of the ice/water interface have been investigated using molecular dynamics and the TIP4P model of water. In the bulk liquid phase, the pair correlation functions for this model compare well with recent neutron scattering results, and unlike most water models, the density at room temperature and pressure is close to the experimental value. For the basal plane of ice 1h exposed to liquid water, we have simulated an interface which is stable on the time scale of at least 100 ps. The density profile, molecular orientation, and diffusion constants have been calculated as a function of the distance normal to the interface. The interface is found to be broad, approximately 10 A in extent, with the precise width determined by the particular property under investigation. Finite size effects have been studied. Dynamical molecular trajectories have been used to explore the loss of translational order from the solid through the interface to the liquid.
SEED QUALITY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF A CULTIVATED POPULATION OF Mimosa caesalpiniifolia BENTH

Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (Fabaceae) is a native tree of the dry tropical forests of northeastern Brazil and can be exploited for logging and reforestation purposes. This study evaluated the physiological quality of seeds and the genetic diversity of a cultivated population of M. caesalpiniifolia, against the background of potential commercial seed production. Nine trees were used in the study. The quality of their seeds was evaluated by germination and vigour tests, and their genetic diversity was accessed using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). The studied tree group presents a moderate genetic diversity and produces seeds with high physiological quality, but with subtle vigour differences, which can be detected by electrical conductivity and potassium leaching tests. Our results suggest that these trees are potentially suitable for commercial seed production.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Unmet Need Incidence in Couples of Childbearing Age in the West Bulotadaa Village Gorontalo City in 2019

BACKGROUND: Population that continues to increase is a big problem for countries in the world, especially developing countries. One of the problems in the management of family planning programs is the high level of unmet need for family planning in Indonesia. Unmet need is the number of couples of childbearing age who want to postpone pregnancy or do not want additional children but do not use birth control methods. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the determinants of the occurrence of unmet need in fertile age couples in the West Bulotadaa Village, Gorontalo City. METHODS: The study design was cross-sectional with a sample of 146 fertile age couples selected by systematic random sampling. Data collection was made, using questionnaires containing questions from the research variables. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis through the SPSS for windows program. RESULTS: The visit of KB officers affected the unmet need with p = 0.032 (p 0.05), family income p = 0.189 (p > 0.05), distance of family planning services p = 0.057 (p > 0.05), and cost of contraception p = 0.632 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the visit of family planning officers affected the unmet need and age, family income, distance to the place of family planning services and the cost of contraceptives did not affect the incidence of unmet need in West Bulotadaa, Gorontalo City.
Influence of Shell Structure on Stability, Integrity, and Mesh Size of Polyelectrolyte Capsules: Mechanism and Strategy for Improved Preparation

Novel polyelectrolyte microcapsules are developed using alternating layer-by-layer (LBL) adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes onto charged templates followed by core removal. These capsules have a continuous wall with a hollow interior and exhibit tunable permeability, which can be utilized for both sustained release from the capsule and precipitation reactions from the bulk to the capsule interior. The purpose of this work is to understand core removal mechanism and elucidate the structure−property relationships governing capsule stability and yield, integrity, and mesh size. To this end, melamine formaldehyde (MF) templates with polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) were investigated by confocal Raman microscopy, surface force microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The capsule structure is dominated by two critical factors: the wall thickness and the core decomposition condition. After optimization of the c.
Filtration mit kompressiblen Kuchen: Effiziente Konzeptefür eine anspruchsvolle Trennaufgabe

Die Filtration mit kompressiblen Kuchen ist eine anspruchsvolle Trennaufgabe, die nicht selten fur den Erfolg oder Misserfolg eines Verfahrens ausschlaggebend ist. Methoden, die sich zur Prozessauslegung bei inkompressiblen Filterkuchen bewahrt haben, konnen nicht ohne weiteres ubernommen werden. Statt dessen sind neue Konzepte gefragt, die auf die Besonderheiten kompressiblen Materialverhaltens eingehen. In diesem Beitrag werden effiziente Prozessstrategien fur die Filtration mit kompressiblen Kuchen vorgestellt. Dazu wurde ein physikalisch-mathematisches Modell in eine Prozesssimulation umgesetzt, mit der bei minimiertem experimentellen Aufwand Haufwerksstrukturen und Trennergebnisse bei verschiedenen Betriebszustanden im Voraus berechnet werden konnen. Zur Bestimmung der erforderlichen Materialdaten sind standardisierte Versuchsmethoden an einer neuen Laborapparatur entwickelt worden. Efficient Process Strategies for Compressible Cake Filtration Compressible cake filtration is a challenging and often critical task in many industrial processes. Conventional design methods are not always appropriate as they fail to address the specifics of compressible structures. Efficient strategies for compressible cake filtration will be presented. The guidelines for process design and optimization are the outcome of experimental investigations, utilizing an innovative compression-permeability-filter cell, and a process simulation based on a rigorous model of compressible cake formation and consolidation.
Vacuolar compartmentalisation and efflux of cadmium in barley

Plants have developed different tolerance strategies to deal with toxic metals. Various factors and mechanisms related to the compartmentalisation of cadmium (Cd) into the vacuoles and the efflux of Cd were investigated to analyse their roles in Cd tolerance in barley. In vacuolar transport assays, the addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) alone significantly increased Cd uptake into the vacuole, but more so when both ATP and glutathione (GSH) were supplied together. This suggests that Cd may be partly sequestered as Cd2+ ions via divalent cation transporters, but predominantly as Cd–GSH complexes, most likely via ATP-binding cassette transporter-type transporters. Comparison of the concentrations of 109Cd in whole protoplasts and vacuoles isolated from shoots demonstrated that the majority of the cellular Cd was located in the vacuole. Over 48 h, 12% of the root Cd was effluxed into the external solution when roots were loaded with 109Cd by foliar application. This active excretion may be a detoxification strategy, in addition to the compartmentalisation of the majority of cellular cadmium into vacuoles predominantly as complexed form.