Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precise numerical estimation of the magnetic field generated around recombination

We investigate the generation of magnetic fields from non-linear effects around recombination. As tight-coupling is gradually lost when approaching $z\simeq 1100$, the velocity difference between photons and baryons starts to increase, leading to an increasing Compton drag of the photons on the electrons. The protons are then forced to follow the electrons due to the electric field created by the charge displacement; the same field, following Maxwell's laws, eventually induces a magnetic field on cosmological scales. Since scalar perturbations do not generate any magnetic field as they are curl-free, one has to resort to second-order perturbation theory to compute the magnetic field generated by this effect. We reinvestigate this problem numerically using the powerful second-order Boltzmann code SONG. We show that: i) all previous studies do not have a high enough angular resolution to reach a precise and consistent estimation of the magnetic field spectrum; ii) the magnetic field is generated up to $z\simeq 10$; iii) it is in practice impossible to compute the magnetic field with a Boltzmann code for scales smaller than $1\,{\rm Mpc}$. Finally we confirm that for scales of a few ${\rm Mpc}$, this magnetic field is of order $2\times 10^{-29}{\rm G}$, many orders of magnitude smaller than what is currently observed on intergalactic scales.
The similarity problem for Z― ‐stable C*‐algebras

We show that the tensor product of two unital C* ‐algebras, one of which is nuclear and admits a unital *‐homomorphism from (the building blocks of) the Jiang–Su algebra, has Kadison's similarity property. As a consequence, we obtain that a unital C* ‐algebra that absorbs the Jiang–Su algebra tensorially also has this property.
The Impact of Organizational Culture on Service Innovation: An Empirical Study of Sri Lankan Business Service Organizations

The purpose of this research article is to examine the impact of organisational culture on service innovation. A conceptual framework was proposed from the related literature and empirically tested using primary data collected from managers of service centric business organisations in Sri Lanka. The study employs a cross-sectional, survey-based methodology. Data was analysed via Smart PLS program. The result reveals that adhocracy culture is positively related to service innovations. Further, it provides evidence that, first, in order to increase service innovations companies should foster cultures with external and flexibility orientations. Moreover, the paper suggests that values, beliefs and assumptions that are coherent with adhocracy culture are key drivers for developing new services. Hence, the result provides evidence regarding the implications of organisational culture as well as enabling factors behind innovations of service firms.
STAR FORMATION AND AGN ACTIVITY IN GALAXY CLUSTERS FROM z = 1–2: A MULTI-WAVELENGTH ANALYSIS FEATURING HERSCHEL/PACS

We present a detailed, multi-wavelength study of star formation (SF) and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in 11 near-infrared (IR) selected, spectroscopically confirmed massive (≳1014 M⊙) galaxy clusters at 1 < z < 1.75. Using new deep Herschel/PACS imaging, we characterize the optical to far-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for IR-luminous cluster galaxies, finding that they can, on average, be well described by field galaxy templates. Identification and decomposition of AGNs through SED fittings allows us to include the contribution to cluster SF from AGN host galaxies. We quantify the star-forming fraction, dust-obscured SF rates (SFRs) and specific SFRs for cluster galaxies as a function of cluster-centric radius and redshift. In good agreement with previous studies, we find that SF in cluster galaxies at z ≳ 1.4 is largely consistent with field galaxies at similar epochs, indicating an era before significant quenching in the cluster cores (r < 0.5 Mpc). This is followed by a transition to lower SF activity as environmental quenching dominates by z ∼ 1. Enhanced SFRs are found in lower mass ( ) cluster galaxies. We find significant variation in SF from cluster to cluster within our uniformly selected sample, indicating that caution should be taken when evaluating individual clusters. We examine AGNs in clusters from z = 0.5–2, finding an excess AGN fraction at z ≳ 1, suggesting environmental triggering of AGNs during this epoch. We argue that our results—a transition from field-like to quenched SF, enhanced SF in lower mass galaxies in the cluster cores, and excess AGNs—are consistent with a co-evolution between SF and AGNs in clusters and an increased merger rate in massive halos at high redshift.
Public Awareness of Colon Cancer Symptoms, Risk Factor, and Screening at Madinah- KSA

Colon cancer ranks as one of the most incidental and death malignancies worldwide representing 9% of all new cancer cases worldwide and affecting more than 1 million people every year. Colon cancer is the best-understood tumor from a genetic perspective. In Saudi Arabia, CRC is the second most prevalent kind of cancer, which has been ranked as the first among men (10.6%) and the third among women (8.9%). In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a mortality rate of CRC in Saudi Arabia as 8.3%. Colon cancer screening has proven to be beneficial in terms of occurrence and reduction of mortality in randomized controlled trials, and it has been recommended by medical organizations either in vulnerable groups or in populations at risk because of their family background. Although population-based CRC screening has been suggested emphatically in the average-risk population, compliance rates have not reached to the desirable rates, yet. In order to accomplish the screening campaign successfully, the target population should be very compliant. There are various factors which affect the colorectal cancer screening uptake, including 'sociodemographic', provider and health care system factors, and also psychosocial factors. For increasing the screening participation rate, the target population should be aware of the benefits of colorectal cancer screening. Information about this disease and the ways to prevent it, has been considered as a measure of public awareness in several studies. In some examinations, a positive relationship has been found between knowledge about colorectal cancer, risk perception, and attitudes (advantages and disadvantages of screening) and the population’s inclination to take part in the colorectal cancer screening campaign. The factors listed are therefore subject to interference. In fact, intervention studies focusing on the average population have attempted to increase the risk of colorectal cancer absorption by improving general knowledge and adjusting attitudes. In this paper, the factors that influence the targeting participants’ adherence to colorectal cancer screening and interventions in order to increase screening uptake, have been reviewed. This study aimed to measure the level of awareness of colon cancer among the adult population in Almadinah city regarding risk factors, symptoms, signs, test used to screen, and the barriers existing for conducting the test. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in Al Madinah Al Monawarrah, Saudi Arabia. The study was started during the period from 2018 – December 2018.
AS PREDICTOR FOR VISIT BEHAVIORAL INTENTION WITH ATTITUDE AND TRUST AS MEDIATOR (STUDY OF GREEN TOURISM DESTINATION IN WEST SUMATRA)

This research is done to ascertain the predictive ability of green knowledge, green trust and green attitude towards green visit behavioral intention. As with the mediation ability of green trust for green knowledge and green visit behavioral intention, green attitude mediation for green knowledge and green visit behavioral intention, mediation ability of green attitude and green trust for green knowledge and green visit behavioral intention. Research model utilized on this research is cross sectional descriptive method with SEM PLS analysis tool. The data in this research are gathered through surveys via questioner to 478 respondents which are tourist and would-be tourist of Western Sumatra. The result of the research indicates that green trust and green attitude are positive predictors for green visit behavioral intention. Although green knowledge is not a directly significant positive predictor for green visit behavioral intention, but green trust and green attitude are proven to be able to mediate green knowledge and green visit behavioral intention. In other words, green knowledge is able indirectly predict green visit behavioral intention. Knowing this result, a strategy must be devised to increase green knowledge, green trust and green attitude to increase green visit behavioral intention of green tourism destination of West Sumatra.
ALMA 26 arcmin2 Survey of GOODS-S at One-millimeter (ASAGAO): X-Ray AGN Properties of Millimeter-selected Galaxies

We investigate the X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN) properties of millimeter galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South (GOODS-S) field detected with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), by utilizing the Chandra 7-Ms data, the deepest X-ray survey to date. Our millimeter galaxy sample comes from the ASAGAO survey covering 26 arcmin2 (12 sources at a 1.2 mm flux-density limit of mJy), supplemented by the deeper but narrower 1.3 mm survey of a part of the ASAGAO field by Dunlop et al. Ofthe 25 total millimeter galaxies, 14 have Chandra counterparts. The observed AGN fractions at are found to be % and % for the ultra-luminous and luminous infrared galaxies with log / = 12–12.8 and log / = 11.5–12, respectively. The majority (∼2/3) of the ALMA and/or Herschel detected X-ray AGNs at z = 1.5−3 appear to be star-formation-dominant populations, having / ratios smaller than the “simultaneous evolution” value expected from the local black-hole-mass-to-stellar-mass ( –M*) relation. On the basis of the and stellar mass relation, we infer that a large fraction of star-forming galaxies at have black hole masses that are smaller than those expected from the local –M* relation. This contrasts previous reports on luminous AGNs at the same redshifts detected in wider and shallower surveys, which are subject to selection biases against lower luminosity AGNs. Our results are consistent with an evolutionary scenario in which star formation occurs first, and an AGN-dominant phase follows later, in objects that finally evolve into galaxies with classical bulges.
Reducibility of nilpotent commuting varieties

Let $\N_n$ be the set of nilpotent $n$ by $n$ matrices over an algebraically closed field $k$. For each $r\ge 2$, let $C_r(\N_n)$ be the variety consisting of all pairwise commuting $r$-tuples of nilpotent matrices. It is well-kown that $C_2(\N_n)$ is irreducible for every $n$. We study in this note the reducibility of $C_r(\N_n)$ for various values of $n$ and $r$. In particular it will be shown that the reducibility of $C_r(\mathfrak{gl}_n)$, the variety of commuting $r$-tuples of $n$ by $n$ matrices, implies that of $C_r(\N_n)$ under certain condition. Then we prove that $C_r(\N_n)$ is reducible for all $n, r\ge 4$. The ingredients of this result are also useful for getting a new lower bound of the dimensions of $C_r(\N_n)$ and $C_r(\mathfrak{gl}_n)$. Finally, we investigate values of $n$ for which the variety $C_3(\N_n)$ of nilpotent commuting triples is reducible.
Serial Gene Expression Profiling of Neural Stem Cells Shows Transcriptome Switch by Long-Term Physioxia from Metabolic Adaption to Cell Signaling Profile

Oxygen is an essential factor in the cellular microenvironment with pivotal effects on neural development with a particular sensitivity of midbrain neural stem cells (NSCs) to high atmospheric oxygen tension. However, most experiments are still performed at atmospheric O2 levels (21%, normoxia), whereas mammalian brain tissue is physiologically exposed to substantially lower O2 tensions around 3% (physioxia). We here performed serial Affymetrix gene array analyses to detect expression changes in mouse fetal NSCs from both midbrain and cortical tissues when kept at physioxia compared to normoxia. We identified more than 400 O2-regulated genes involved in cellular metabolism, cell proliferation/differentiation, and various signaling pathways. NSCs from both regions showed a low number but high conformity of regulated genes (9 genes in midbrain vs. 34 in cortical NSCs; 8 concordant expression changes) after short-term physioxia (2 days) with metabolic processes and cellular processes being the most prominent GO categories pointing to cellular adaption to lower oxygen levels. Gene expression profiles changed dramatically after long-term physioxia (13 days) with a higher number of regulated genes and more diverse expression patterns when comparing the two NSC types (338 genes in midbrain vs. 121 in cortical NSCs; 75 concordant changes). Most prominently, we observed a reduction of hits in metabolic processes but an increase in biological regulation and signaling pointing to a switch towards signaling processes and stem cell maintenance. Our data may serve as a basis for identifying potential signaling pathways that maintain stem cell characteristics in cortical versus midbrain physioxic stem cell niches.
Constructions of some minimal finite element systems

Within the framework of finite element systems, we show how spaces of differential forms may be constructed, in such a way that they are equipped with commuting interpolators and contain prescribed functions, and are minimal under these constraints. We show how various known mixed finite element spaces fulfill such a design principle, including trimmed polynomial differential forms, serendipity elements and TNT elements. We also comment on virtual element methods and provide a dimension formula for minimal compatible finite element systems containing polynomials of a given degree on hypercubes.
Metallicity field and selection effects in spatial distribution of the Galactic globular cluster system

The prospects for using the present-day data on metallicity of globular clusters (GCs) of the Galaxy to put constraints on the distance to the Galactic center, $R_0$, are considered. We have found that the GCs of the metal-rich and metal-poor subsystems separately form a bar-like structure in metallicity maps whose parameters are very close to those for the Galactic bar. The results indicate the existence of a bar component within both the metal-rich and metal-poor subsystems of GCs. The bar GCs could have formed within the already existing Galactic bar or could have later been locked in resonance with the bar. We conclude that substantial constraints on the $R_0$ value can be obtained only with non-axisymmetric models for the space distribution of GC metallicities with the allowance for the subdivision of GCs into subsystems. We found evidence for a bar extinction component that causes the observational incompleteness of GCs in the far side of the Galactic bar and in the "post-central" region. This selection effect should be taken into account when determining $R_0$ from the spatial distribution of GCs.
Galois representations associated with a non-selfdual automorphic representation of GL(3)

In 1994, van Geemen and Top constructed a non-selfdual motive of rank three over $\mathbb{Q}$ conjecturally associated with a cuspidal non-selfdual automorphic representation of $\mathrm{GL}_3(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}})$ of level $\Gamma_0(128)$. They experimentally confirmed the coincidence of the local $L$-factors at finitely many primes using computer. In this paper, we shall prove the coincidence of the local $L$-factors at every prime. To show this, we use the recent results of Harris-Lan-Taylor-Thorne and Scholze on the construction of Galois representations, and Greni\'e's results to compare three-dimensional $2$-adic Galois representations. We also prove the local-global compatibility at $p = 2$, including the case $p = \ell$.
Remarks on possible local parity violation in heavy ion collisions

In this Rapid Communication we discuss some observations concerning the possible local parity violation in heavy ion collisions recently announced by the STAR Collaboration. Our results can be summarized as follows (i) the measured correlations for same-charge pairs are mainly in-plane and not out of plane, (ii) if there is a parity-violating component it is large and surprisingly of the same magnitude as the background, and (iii) the observed dependence of the signal on the transverse momentum (${p}_{t}$) is consistent with a soft boost in ${p}_{t}$ and thus in line with expectations from the proposed chiral magnetic effect.
Experimental Studies on Acoustic Oscillation Angles and Positions on Soot Suppression from Acetylene Laminar Diffusion Flames

In this study, the relation of acoustic oscillation angles (the angle between the acoustic oscillation direction and horizontal axis) and positions (the acoustic oscillation applied to the top, average, and bottom regions of the flame) with the soot suppression efficiency was investigated for acetylene laminar diffusion flames. The soot suppression efficiency depends on acoustic oscillation angles. With an increase in the flow rate, the angle required for optimum soot suppression increased. At the flow rate of 50 mL/min, the acoustic oscillation angle required for the optimum suppression efficiency was 0°. The angle increased to 15° when the flow rate increased to 70 mL/min. Further increase in the flow rate to 90 mL/min leads to an increase in the angle to 30°. Moreover, acoustic oscillation positions affect the soot suppression efficiency. When the acoustic oscillation acts on the top region of the flame, the effect of soot suppression is substantial. The top region of the flame is the soot oxidation zone. The bottom and average regions of the flame are soot formation and growth zones, respectively. The application of acoustic oscillations on the soot oxidation zone can effectively increase the soot oxidation reaction rate. Furthermore, when the acoustic oscillation is applied to the top region of the flame, the flame temperature is higher than that when the acoustic oscillation is applied to the average and bottom regions of the flame.
Targeting manifest astigmatism with topography-guided LASIK is superior to topography-modified refraction (TMR), Layer Yolked Reduction of Astigmatism (LYRA), and Phorcides software protocols.

Dr. Kim et al. reported superior clinical outcomes in topography-guided LASIK eyes treated with the subjective manifest refractive astigmatism as input, compared to those treated on the topography-measured anterior corneal astigmatism using the topography-modified refraction (TMR) protocol. Their study design is admirable, and their results replicate the significantly inferior TMR outcomes that we previously reported, contributing to growing evidence that topography-guided protocols targeting the anterior corneal astigmatism, such as TMR and the Layer Yoked Reduction of Astigmatism (LYRA), are inferior to traditional manifest refraction targeted treatments. Using the anterior corneal astigmatism as treatment input results in inferior refractive accuracy outcomes, since such protocols ignore other significant sources of astigmatism such as posterior corneal astigmatism, lenticular astigmatism, and cortical perception. Conversely, targeting the subjective manifest refraction astigmatism equates to using the ideal summation of the entirety of ocular and cortical factors that contribute to astigmatism.
Some inequalities for multiplicative tempered fractional integrals involving the λ -incomplete gamma functions

: In this paper, we introduce a class of the multiplicative tempered fractional integral operators. Then, we investigate two Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for this class. By using the established identity and the multiplicative convexity, we establish some integral inequalities for the multiplicative tempered fractional integrals involving the λ -incomplete gamma functions. And our results obtained in the present paper generalize some results given by Budak and Tunc¸ (2020) and Ali et al. (2019). Also, we provide three examples to demonstrate the simplicities of the calculations.
Morphological, chemical and antimicrobial analysis of glass ionomer cements used for ART in posterior primary teeth

Introduction: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been gaining prominence as material for atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) due to their acceptable physicochemical and biological properties. Objective: To analyze the surface morphology, chemical constitution, and antimicrobial action of GICs used for ART in posterior primary teeth. Material and methods: The tested materials were Vitro Molar ® , Ketac Cem Easymix ® and Riva Self Cure ® . For the structural and chemical analysis, polyethylene tubes with an internal diameter of 3 mm and 3 mm in length were prepared, filled, and then transferred to a chamber with 95% relative humidity and a temperature of 37 o C. The surface morphology of the tested materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and main components were investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. For the antimicrobial efficacy analyses, strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 27853) were used. Petri dishes with brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) were inoculated with the microbial suspensions and three cavities were made in each agar plate and filled with one of the GICs. The plates were pre-incubated for 1 hour at room temperature and then incubated at 37 o C for 24 to 48 hours. The inhibition zone around each well was recorded in mm. Results: SEM revealed irregular and rough external surface. Cracking was not observed. The main constituents were found to be aluminum, silicon, sodium, and fluoride. Barium was only observed in Vitro Molar ® , while lanthanum was only observed in Ketac Cem Easymix ® . Elemental mapping of the outer surface revealed high concentration of aluminum and silicon. Inhibition halos were only observed in Riva Self Cure ® . Conclusion: The GICs presented irregular outer surfaces and similar chemical elements. Only Riva Self Cure ® showed antibacterial action against the S. mutans .
A 0.24+0.18 Msun double-lined eclipsing binary from the HATSouth survey

We report the discovery and characterisation of a new M-dwarf binary, with component masses and radii of M1 = 0.244 -0.003/+0.003 Msun, R1 = 0.261 -0.009/+0.006 Rsun, M2 = 0.179 -0.001/+0.002 Msun, R2 = 0.218 -0.011/+0.007 Rsun, and orbital period of ~4.1 days. The M-dwarf binary HATS551-027 (LP 837-20) was identified as an eclipsing binary by the HATSouth survey, and characterised by a series of high precision photometric observations of the eclipse events, and spectroscopic determinations of the atmospheric parameters and radial velocity orbits. HATS551-027 is one of few systems with both stellar components lying in the fully-convective regime of very low mass stars, and can serve as a test for stellar interior models. The radius of HATS551-027A is consistent with models to 1 sigma, whilst HATS551-027B is inflated by 9% at 2 sigma significance. We measure the effective temperatures for the two stellar components to be Teff,1 = 3190 +/- 100 K and Teff,2 = 2990+/-110 K, both are slightly cooler than theoretical models predict, but consistent with other M-dwarfs of similar masses that have previously been studied. We also measure significant Halpha emission from both components of the binary system, and discuss this in the context of the correlation between stellar activity and the discrepancies between the observed and model temperatures.