Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Corrosion by Naphthenic Acids and Organosulfur Compounds at High Temperatures

JIN, PENG, Ph.D., December 2013, Chemical Engineering Mechanism of Corrosion by Naphthenic Acids and Organosulfur Compounds at High Temperatures Director of Dissertation: Srdjan Nesic Due to the law of supply and demand, the last decade has witnessed a skyrocketing in the price of light sweet crude oil. Therefore, refineries are increasingly interested in “opportunity crudes”, characterized by their discounted price and relative ease of procurement. However, the attractive economics of opportunity crudes come with the disadvantage of high acid/organosulfur compound content, which could lead to corrosion and even failure of facilities in refineries. However, it is generally accepted that organosulfur compounds may form protective iron sulfide layers on the metal surface and decrease the corrosion rate. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the corrosive property of crudes at high temperatures, the mechanism of corrosion by acids (naphthenic acids) in the presence of organosulfur compounds, and methods to mitigate its corrosive effect. In 2004, an industrial project was initiated at the Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology to investigate the corrosion by naphthenic acids and organosulfur compounds. In this project, for each experiment there were two experimentation phases: pretreatment and challenge. In the first pretreatment phase, a stirred autoclave was filled with a real crude oil fraction or model oil of different acidity and organosulfur compound concentration. Then, the stirred autoclave was heated to high temperatures to examine the corrosivity of the oil to different materials (specimens made from CS and 5% Cr 4 containing steel were used). During the pretreatment, corrosion product layers were formed on the metal surface. In the second challenge phase, the steel specimens pretreated in the first phase were inserted into a rotating cylinder autoclave, called High Velocity Rig (HVR). The HVR was fed with a high-temperature oil solution of naphthenic acids to attack the iron sulfide layers. Based on the difference of specimen weight loss between the two steps, the net corrosion rate could be calculated and the protectiveness of corrosion product layer against naphthenic acid corrosion could be assessed. Routinely, the layers generated in pretreatment and challenge phases were investigated with SEM/EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy). Selectively, some thin layers formed in the first or second phase were analyzed with FIB-TEM (Focused Ion Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy). FIB-TEM analysis revealed that there was an iron oxide layer beneath the iron sulfide layer. Experimental results showed that the iron oxide layer was closely related to the layer protectiveness against naphthenic acid corrosion and its formation was due to the presence of naphthenic acids in the fluid. Finally, a new mechanism of naphthenic acid/organosulfur compound corrosion was proposed based on properties of crudes, results of corrosion experimentation, and microscopic analysis of developed surface layers.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KINERJA DAN PRESTASI PERUSAHAAN

Penilaian terhadap kinerja dan prestasi setiap unit perusahaan sangat penting dilakukan setiap periode tertentu untuk memberikan trigger pada setiap unit tersebut dalam mempertahankan atau meningkatkan kinerja dan prestasi yang akan dicapai. Adapun semakin baik tingkat kinerja dan prestasi yang dicapai setiap unit akan memberikan keuntungan pada perusahaan. Meski saat ini sudah ada teknologi yang canggih yang sangat berdampak pada berbagai kegiatan perusahaan dan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi, kinerja dan prestasi sumber daya manusia merupakan faktor penting dalam sebuah organisasi. Sumber daya manusia sangat penting untuk diberikan arahan dan bimbingan dari manajemen sumber daya manusia agar menghasilakn kinerja yang optimal. Bentuk kinerja yang optimal pada sumber daya manusia dipengaruhi oleh disiplin kerja yang ada pada setiap karyawan / pekerja dan keberhasilan kegiatan pengembangan karir yang dilakukan oleh managemen sumber daya manusia yang ada pada perusahaan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh disiplin kerja dan pengembangan karir sumber daya manusia terhadap kinerja dan prestasi yang dicapai perusahaan.
A coordination mechanism through cost sharing of corporate social responsibility and government subsidy in a two-echelon supply chain

Purpose This paper aims to deal with the coordination problem of the supply chain through cost sharing of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and government subsidy. Design/methodology/approach With respect to the coordination problem of the supply chain with CSR, this paper constructs a three-stage game model consisting of a dominant retailer, n suppliers and government. From the perspective of cost sharing and government subsidies, this paper discussed the decentralized and centralized decision-making, respectively. On this basis, this paper designed a coordination mechanism considering both cost sharing and government subsidies and explore the impact of cost sharing rate and government subsidy rate on CSR efforts, members’ profits and social welfare. Findings CSR can improve the profits of supply chain members and the overall performance of the supply chain. Then the profits of supply chain nodal enterprises will be affected by the fulfillment level of CSR of their partners. Furthermore, excessive CSR will erode the supply chain profits and cause resource waste. High CSR costs often make retailers low CSR effort level, while a high CSR cost sharing rate can reduce the profits of suppliers and the supply chain. In addition, excessive government subsidies will lead to the decline of social welfare. Excessive government subsidies will cause the dependence of enterprises and affect their operating efficiency. Practical implications The proposed coordination mechanism can effectively do with the coordination problem of the supply chain. Originality/value The proposed coordination mechanism considering cost sharing and government subsidies simultaneously can effectively deal with conflict problems and guarantee the supply chain members and the supply chain to maximize their profits and social welfare.
Pond chironomid communities revealed by molecular species delimitation reflect eutrophication

Abstract Farm ponds, a valued habitat for freshwater organisms, are being negatively affected by the recent changes in the environment as well as anthropological activities. In these ponds, biodiversity researchers have tended to focus on species that prefer natural habitats and/or can be identified based on morphological characters. In contrast, this study focused on the insect family Chironomidae, which is widely distributed from clear to polluted waters of ponds, but is hard to identify morphologically as an aquatic larva. We adopted DNA barcoding and molecular species delimitation to identify every single specimen of quantitative collections. From bottom sediments of 17 ponds in summer in the Banshu Plain of Japan, a total of 62 species were delimited based on the DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COI region. Chironomid communities from these ponds were classified into four groups in a two‐dimensional ordination of multivariate analysis (NMDS). One of the dimensions was well correlated with the gradient of eutrophication, while another dimension was not clearly assigned to any general feature of the environmental gradient, but rice cultivation could possibly be involved.
Assessing the Moisture Load in a Vinyl-Clad Wall Assembly through Watertightness Tests

The moisture load in wall assemblies is typically considered as 1% of the Wind Driving Rain (WDR) load that is deposited on the surface of wall assemblies as specified in the ASHRAE-160 standard whereas this ratio has been shown to be inaccurate as compared to results derived from several watertightness tests. Accurate assessment of moisture loads arising from WDR can be obtained through the watertightness test during which different levels of WDR intensities and Driving Rain Wind Pressures (DRWPs) are applied to a test specimen and water that penetrates wall assembly can thus be quantified. Although many previous studies have included watertightness tests, only a few of these have attempted to correlate the moisture loads to WDR conditions as may occur in specific locations within a country. To improve the assessment of moisture loads for a vinyl-clad wall assembly, a wall test specimen was tested following a test protocol based on local climate data using National Research Council of Canada’s Dynamic Wind and Wall Testing Facility (DWTF). The use of this test protocol permitted quantifying the moisture load in the vinyl wall assembly when subjected to several different simulated WDR conditions. The moisture load was formulated as a function of the WDR intensity and DRWP which thereafter allowed evaluating the moisture load based on a given climate’s hourly rainfall intensity and wind velocity. Such work is particularly relevant considering that the intensity, duration and frequency of WDR events across Canada will in some regions increase due to the effects of climate change.
98 Rationality of Hypnosedative Use in Seniors in Acute Care: Outputs of the Inomed and Euroageism Projects

Insomnia is a frequent problem in acutely hospitalized older adults, particularly in those suffering from polymorbidity and treated by polypharmacy. The aim of our study was to describe the prevalence of insomna and patterns of inappropriately prescribed hypnosedatives in acutely hospitalized older patients in the Czech Republic. 438 patients (≥65 yrs) acutely hospitalized at 3 geriatric clinics (Brno, Hradec Králové, Praha) in the Czech Republic underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) using the EUROAGEISM H2020 assessment protocols. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the prevalence of insomnia and use of hypnosedatives. Explicit criteria of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), mainly 2019 Beers criteria and 2015 EU(7)-PIM list were applied to determine inappropriate patterns of hypnosedatives use. 16.9% (N = 74) seniors had diagnosed insomnia in their medical records, but 34,6% used hypnosedatives in the evening or at night (e/n). 13.8% reported e/n use of drugs aggravating insomnias (particularly beta-blockers- 6.4%, diuretics-2.5% and theophylline- 2.1%). Most frequent hypnosedatives used were: antipsychotics e/n (18.5%), Z-drugs (16,2%) and benzodiazepines e/n (BZD, 14,2%). Non-geriatric doses were determined in users of Z-drugs (10.5%) and sedative antidepressants e/n (1,8%), longer than recommended geriatric duration of therapy has been described for Z-drugs (5.9%,>1 month), BZDs e/n (5,3%,>1 month) and sedative antidepressants e/n (3,3%, >6 months). In total, 1PIM was prescribed to 7.5% of seniors (N = 33), 2PIMs to 2.5% and 3PIMs to 1,1% of seniors. Combination of hypnotics and other sedative drugs was documented in 5.9% of cases. Inappropriate patterns of hypnosedative use in acutely hospitalized seniors in the Czech Republic at geriatric clinics were found particularly in excessive indication of antipsychotics e/n, inappropriate dosing of Z-drugs and long-term use of BZDs e/n. Supported by: InoMed project (reg. No: CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_069/0010046, 2019–2022), EUROAGEISM H2020-MCSF-ITN-764632 project, PROGRESS Q42 Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, SVV 260417.
Can the Topography of Tibetan Plateau Affect the Antarctic Bottom Water?

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a vital role in shaping global climate. So far, however, few studies have focused on the impact of the TP on Southern Ocean (SO) circulation. Through fully coupled model experiments with and without the TP, we find that removing the TP could eventually enhance Antarctic bottom water (AABW) circulation by generating Rossby wave trains that propagate from the tropical Indo‐Pacific to Amundsen‐Bellingshausen Sea. The surface air temperature (SAT) cools over the Antarctic Peninsula, which then leads to increased brine injection and thus the initial enhancement of AABW. Later on, the increased horizontal salinity transport and oceanic vertical mixing over Bellingshausen Sea further strengthen the AABW. These findings imply that long term changes of AABW can be affected by not only local process but also remote forcing, including those from the Asian highland regions.
Clinical Impact of Sarcopenia on Gastrointestinal Tumors

Preoperative risk stratification in cancer surgery is important to improve treatment and outcome. Sarcopenia is defined by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength and is now getting attention as a poor prognostic factor. The purpose of this review was to explore the impact of sarcopenia on short and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing surgical resection of gastrointestinal tumors. Recent studies suggest that sarcopenia contributes to postoperative complications and overall survival. The relatively simple evaluability, as well as its modifiable nature, provides an intriguing potential for sarcopenia to be included in standard preoperative clinical evaluation. Such evaluations can provide physicians with important information to target high-risk individuals with prophylactic measures and eventually improve surgical outcomes.
Innovative Box-Wing Aircraft: Emissions and Climate Change

The PARSIFAL project (Prandtlplane ARchitecture for the Sustainable Improvement of Future AirpLanes) aims to promote an innovative box-wing aircraft: the PrandtlPlane. Aircraft developed adopting this configuration are expected to achieve a payload capability higher than common single aisle analogues (e.g., Airbus 320 and Boeing 737 families), without any increase in the overall dimensions. We estimated the exhaust emissions from the PrandtlPlane and compared the corresponding impacts to those of a conventional reference aircraft, in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Global Temperature Potential (GTP), on two time-horizons and accounted for regional sensitivity. We considered carbon dioxide, carbonaceous and sulphate aerosols, nitrogen oxides and related ozone production, methane degradation and nitrate aerosols formation, contrails, and contrail cirrus. Overall, the introduction of the PrandtlPlane is expected to bring a considerable reduction of climate change in all the source regions considered, on both the time-horizons examined. Moreover, fuel consumption is expected to be reduced by 20%, as confirmed through high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Sensitivity of data, models, and metrics are detailed. Impact reduction and mitigation strategies are discussed, as well as the gaps to be addressed in order to develop a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment on aircraft emissions.
Performance determinants of Brazilians international joint ventures

Purpose – Investigate the Joint Venture International performance determinants’ relevance at each point of their life cycle. Design/methodology/approach – Determinants already mapped in the literature were identified and grouped into three dimensions: internal, industrial and institutional. A questionnaire was developed and sent to academics and managers, which requested them to order the dimensions and determinants presented. Data was analyzed using Multi-Attribution Global Quality Inference (MAGIQ). Findings - Results show that the dimensions’ relevance varies according to the organization’s stage in its life cycle. The internal dimension has more influence on performance during the startup period than the industrial and institutional dimensions, but this position is reversed when the IJV becomes mature. Research limitations/implications (if applicable) – This study is based on specialists’ perceptions about IJV’s, so could be a gap between this perception and the facts that the organizational indicators can present. Practical implications – Understanding IJV’s performance determinants’ relevance at each point of their life cycle can help manage these variables to create more efficient actions in accordance to the company’s needs. Originality/value (mandatory) – this study frames performance determinants in the three proposed dimensions within strategic administration theories, ranks them and uses MAGIQ for data analysis.
Religious Identity Formation and Development in Adolescents of Pakistan

To explore the formation and development of religious identity in Pakistani adolescents, a qualitative approach was used to analyze the data, collected from nine adolescent boys and nine adolescent girls of age ranged between 15-17 years (M = 15.8, SD = .81). These adolescents were students of grade 9-10, and were sampled from different cities of Pakistan. Data were collected via semi-structured interview schedule, adapted from ego identity interview guideline by Marcia (1966). Thematic analysis was applied to generate and cluster themes appeared in the transcribed interviews of 18 participants. The results revealed that religious identity was formed on three rudiments: belief, behavior, and belongingness. All the participants appeared to be at the foreclosure state of religious identity, and the religious identity appeared to be developed through seven channels: parental influence, the role of grandparents, peer influence, religious preachers, media, teachers’ power, and personal preferences. This paper provides theoretical and practical implications for the religious identity development of adolescents in Pakistan. Keywords: adolescents, religion identity, identity formation, thematic analysis, semi- structured interview
Success drivers of co‐branding: A meta‐analysis

While considerable research attention has been given to co-branding (brand alliance), empirical evidence of the success drivers remains fragmented with inconclusive findings. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize the existing research and provide a comprehensive and generalisable set of findings. It integrates data of 197 effect sizes from 37 independent studies reported in 27 articles. The findings reveal that the relationship between the partner brands has a significantly larger impact on the success of co-branding than the individual brand characteristics, and brand image fit is a relatively more important driver than product category fit and brand equity. Moderator analysis indicates that the relative importance of the relationship between brands is generalisable to the type of industry, business and co-branding strategy. This paper advances theoretical understanding in three ways: (a) it increases generalisability of existing studies by investigating the impact of theoretical, contextual, and method-related moderators on the effect sizes, (b) it brings a consensus to the equivocal findings on the importance of success drivers and (c) it identifies the knowledge gaps, and presents a future research agenda. In so doing, the paper guides practitioners by highlighting which factors to be considered and prioritised when forming a brand alliance.
Will the real mistreatment please stand up? Examining the assumptions and measurement of bullying and incivility

ABSTRACT Using two diverse cross-sectional samples (n = 361, 579), the authors investigated measurement impediments in current behavioural methods of operationalising workplace mistreatment by examining perceived intensity and intention attributions. Results indicated that bullying and incivility, assessed using common measures and analytical techniques, have moderate negative effects on employees that are not significantly different in effect size from one another, which is consistent with prior research. Using a separate measure of workplace aggression, participants were categorised using latent class clustering into groups reporting: 1. no mistreatment over the prior month (representing no mistreatment), 2. low intensity and low intentional mistreatment (representing incivility), and 3. high intensity and high intentional mistreatment (representing bullying). One-way ANOVAs with Tukey post-hoc tests indicated that those who experience bullying consistently reported more strain than the other two groups across both samples. Those reporting incivility reported significantly different turnover intentions from the other groups, but did not differ with regard to affective commitment and psychological strain. These results highlight the need for more attention to be paid to construct validity and advanced analytic techniques in mistreatment research, particularly with regard to incivility. Implications for the measurement of mistreatment constructs are discussed.
Risk prediction for death and end-stage renal disease does not parallel the real-life trajectory of older patients with advanced chronic kidney disease – a Romanian center experience.

Introduction In 2016, the European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) group published a guideline on the management of older adults with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Two risk scores were highlighted: Bansal score for mortality, and Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) for estimating progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). Our group, as part of the ERBP team, aimed to apply these risk prediction tools in a cohort of older adults with eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2. Material and methods This retrospective study included adults aged ≥65 years with CKD stage 3b-4, evaluated at a Romanian Outpatient Nephrology Department between October 2016 – October 2018. Bansal score was calculated for all subjects and then KFRE was used in the low mortality risk group. Outcomes were death or reaching ESRD. These outcomes were used to compare the difference between the estimated trajectory and real-life trajectory of patients. They were followed up until September 2019. Results From the total population (N=958 patients), more than half (N1=548, 57.2%) had a high mortality risk. In the remaining group with low mortality risk (N2=410, 42.8%), a significant percentage (75.4%) presented a low risk of progression to ESRD. Real-life events consisted of 164 deaths and 31 dialysis initiations. We found similar death rates in the two groups (high versus low risk of mortality). There was no difference in the rate of dialysis initiation between subjects with a high or low risk of progression to ESRD. Conclusions Risk prognostication for death and ESRD did not parallel the real-life trajectory of our older patients with advanced CKD. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) P pri nt
Unidirectional and Bidirectional LSTM Models for Short-Term Traffic Prediction

This paper presents the development and evaluation of short-term traffic prediction models using unidirectional and bidirectional deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks. The unidirectional LSTM (Uni-LSTM) model provides high performance through its ability to recognize longer sequences of traffic time series data. In this work, Uni-LSTM is extended to bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) networks which train the input data twice through forward and backward directions. The paper presents a comparative evaluation of the two models for short-term speed and traffic flow prediction using a common dataset of field observations collected from multiple freeways in Australia. The results showed BiLSTM performed better for variable prediction horizons for both speed and flow. Stacked and mixed Uni-LSTM and BiLSTM models were also investigated for 15-minute prediction horizons resulting in improved accuracy when using 4-layer BiLSTM networks. The optimized 4-layer BiLSTM model was then calibrated and validated for multiple prediction horizons using data from three different freeways. The validation results showed a high degree of prediction accuracy exceeding 90% for speeds up to 60-minute prediction horizons. For flow, the model achieved accuracies above 90% for 5- and 10-minute prediction horizons and more than 80% accuracy for 15- and 30-minute prediction horizons. These findings extend the set of AI models available for road operators and provide them with confidence in applying robust models that have been tested and evaluated on different freeways in Australia.