Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Materializing Commons Based Peer Production Beyond Open Source Software – Explorative Insights from a Comparative Case Study

Benkler's (2002) model of Commons Based Peer Production (CBPP) has been one of the seminal concepts explaining the economic institutions behind open source software (OSS). In this paper, we first review the impact of the CBPP model in the literature and then investigate its transferability to domains beyond the open source software arena. By doing so, we explore an explicit proposition of Benkler that open source and open collaboration models are suited for developing a wide range of products and services, given that an adequate IT environment facilitates their development. Using a comparative case study approach, we analyse four projects that attempt to operate in line with the CBPP development principles, but pursue developing non-software related outputs (electronic components, automobiles) or public services (mobility services, political agenda setting). We show that in general the CBPP framework is well-suited to explain open value creation related to idea generation and evaluation as well as to designing prototypes in these domains. However, we also find several factors which limit its actual implementation in domains beyond the conventional OSS domain. We present implications for theory development, management practice, and policy, and develop a number of questions for future research.
Patterning Configuration of Surface Hydrophilicity by Graphene Nanosheet towards the Inhibition of Ice Nucleation and Growth

Freezing of liquid water occurs in many natural phenomena and affects countless human activities. The freezing process mainly involves ice nucleation and continuous growth, which are determined by the energy and structure fluctuation in supercooled water. Herein, considering the surface hydrophilicity and crystal structure differences between metal and graphene, we proposed a kind of surface configuration design, which was realized by graphene nanosheets being alternately anchored on a metal substrate. Ice nucleation and growth were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The surface configuration could induce ice nucleation to occur preferentially on the metal substrate where the surface hydrophilicity was higher than the lateral graphene nanosheet. However, ice nucleation could be delayed to a certain extent under the hindering effect of the interfacial water layer formed by the high surface hydrophilicity of the metal substrate. Furthermore, the graphene nanosheets restricted lateral expansion of the ice nucleus at the clearance, leading to the formation of a curved surface of the ice nucleus as it grew. As a result, ice growth was suppressed effectively due to the Gibbs–Thomson effect, and the growth rate decreased by 71.08% compared to the pure metal surface. Meanwhile, boundary misorientation between ice crystals was an important issue, which also prejudiced the growth of the ice crystal. The present results reveal the microscopic details of ice nucleation and growth inhibition of the special surface configuration and provide guidelines for the rational design of an anti-icing surface.
Nonlinearities in theory-of-mind development: New evidence from Dutch and Italian boys and girls

ABSTRACT The extent to which Theory of Mind (ToM) performance is influenced by cultural and gender differences remains a subject of debate. A sample of 324 Dutch and 511 Italian children (52% boys; 2.8–11.7 years; 50% boys; 2.6–10.3 years; respectively) was administered the ToM Storybooks. Analysis focused on indicators of nonlinearity: moving standard deviations, moving skewness, and moving rate-of-change. Loess curve smoothing was used and showed local peaks in these nonlinear indicators. A first peak was found around the age of 51 months, a local minimum between 70 and 79 months, and a small peak at 85 months. The first peak was statistically significant in all groups (though timing differed in gender and culture), for two out of three nonlinear indicators phenomena, except for Dutch girls (peak 2 and 3 was significant). These results show a substantially nonlinear development regardless gender and culture, but a different timing in development.
Development of a Test Battery for Fatigue Assessment of Agriculture Seating Systems: A Laboratory and Field Study

ABSTRACT The objective of this project was to evaluate a battery of tests that could be used to assess fatigue development in the long-duration, seated operation of farming machinery. A battery of eight tests that had been previously used to assess aspects of human fatigue were assembled and human subject testing procedures (six participants in a laboratory study, eight in a field study) were employed to identify those tests that were sensitive to fatigue development in this context. In the laboratory study, participants maintained a seated posture for a period of 2 hours and experienced a controlled seat motion profile consistent with that of farm machinery working in a moderately rough field, while the field study participants experienced an 8–10 h ground preparation (heavy tillage with chisel plow) workday. The battery of tests considered included physiological assessments, human performance assessments, and subjective assessments. TIME was the independent variable. The non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to assess the effects of TIME. Subjective assessments (Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory and Body Part Discomfort) had the strongest relationship with TIME, while two physiological assessments (heart rate and heart rate variability) were also shown to be affected by TIME. Subjective assessments were the strongest measures and objective measures heart rate and heart rate variability were effective at showing fatigue of the seated machinery operators. Human performance assessment approaches were not found to be predictors of fatigue of the seated operator.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Nervous System of Culex pipiens (Diptera, Culicidae)

Simple Summary Arbovirus-transmitting mosquitoes pose an omnipresent threat. Therefore, insights into the underlying mechanisms of (i) mosquito behavior, (ii) species-specific behavioral traits, and (iii) behavioral changes of arbovirus-infected mosquitoes are of great interest in vector research and disease pathogenesis. Consequently, tools to enable immunohistochemical investigations of the nervous system of mosquitoes are required to further elucidate the peculiarities of neuroanatomy and neurotransmission across the spectrum of mosquito species. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide an immunohistochemical characterization of the nervous tissue of the widespread vector Culex pipiens biotype molestus in direct comparison with the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Comparative immunohistochemical assessment of selected antisera presented immunomarkers for the entire nervous tissue, for the neuropilar meshwork of axons, dendrites and synapses, and for specialized neurons and/or glial cells. Abstract Arthropod-borne diseases represent one of the greatest infection-related threats as a result of climate change and globalization. Repeatedly, arbovirus-infected mosquitoes show behavioral changes whose underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown, but might help to develop control strategies. However, in contrast to well-characterized insects such as fruit flies, little is known about neuroanatomy and neurotransmission in mosquitoes. To overcome this limitation, the study focuses on the immunohistochemical characterization of the nervous system of Culex pipiens biotype molestus in comparison to Drosophila melanogaster using 13 antibodies labeling nervous tissue, neurotransmitters or neurotransmitter-related enzymes. Antibodies directed against γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, tyrosine-hydroxylase and glutamine synthetase were suitable for investigations in Culex pipiens and Drosophila melanogaster, albeit species-specific spatial differences were observed. Likewise, similar staining results were achieved for neuronal glycoproteins, axons, dendrites and synaptic zones in both species. Interestingly, anti-phosphosynapsin and anti-gephyrin appear to represent novel markers for synapses and glial cells, respectively. In contrast, antibodies directed against acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase, elav and repo failed to produce a signal in Culex pipiens comparable to that in Drosophila melanogaster. In summary, present results enable a detailed investigation of the nervous system of mosquitoes, facilitating further studies of behavioral mechanisms associated with arboviruses in the course of vector research.
Worker Beliefs About Outside Options

Standard labor market models assume that workers hold accurate beliefs about the external wage distribution, and hence their outside options with other employers. We test this assumption by comparing German workers’ beliefs about outside options with objective benchmarks. First, we find that workers wrongly anchor their beliefs about outside options on their current wage: workers that would experience a 10% wage change if switching to their outside option only expect a 1% change. Second, workers in low-paying firms underestimate wages elsewhere. Third, in response to information about the wages of similar workers, respondents correct their beliefs about their outside options and change their job search and wage negotiation intentions. Finally, we analyze the consequences of anchoring in a simple equilibrium model. In the model, anchored beliefs keep overly pessimistic workers stuck in low-wage jobs, which gives rise to monopsony power and labor market segmentation.
CTCF Expression and Dynamic Motif Accessibility Modulates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Gene Expression

Simple Summary Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) facilitates cell migration, invasion, and, consequently, metastasis, which ultimately contributes to breast-cancer-related fatalities. In this study, we define the DNA accessibility dynamics that permit EMT and its reversal, MET. We demonstrate the progressive repression of E-cadherin, beginning with the loss of the membrane-bound fraction, and followed by the loss of CDH1 reporter expression. We identify that EMT is characterized by a global increase in accessible chromatin—nearly doubling the number of accessible regions. Furthermore, we find that regions exhibiting chromatin alterations are enriched in binding motifs for CTCF. Additionally, our data suggest that CTCF repression slows the loss of epithelial gene expression while accelerating the gain of mesenchymal gene expression, facilitating a state of partial EMT. Abstract Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversal, mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) drive tissue reorganization critical for early development. In carcinomas, processing through EMT, MET, or partial states promotes migration, invasion, dormancy, and metastatic colonization. As a reversible process, EMT is inherently regulated at epigenetic and epigenomic levels. To understand the epigenomic nature of reversible EMT and its partial states, we characterized chromatin accessibility dynamics, transcriptomic output, protein expression, and cellular phenotypes during stepwise reversible EMT. We find that the chromatin insulating protein machinery, including CTCF, is suppressed and re-expressed, coincident with broad alterations in chromatin accessibility, during EMT/MET, and is lower in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines with EMT features. Through an analysis of chromatin accessibility using ATAC-seq, we identify that early phases of EMT are characterized by enrichment for AP-1 family member binding motifs, but also by a diminished enrichment for CTCF binding motifs. Through a loss-of-function analysis, we demonstrate that the suppression of CTCF alters cellular plasticity, strengthening the epithelial phenotype via the upregulation of epithelial markers E-cadherin/CDH1 and downregulation of N-cadherin/CDH2. Conversely, the upregulation of CTCF leads to the upregulation of EMT gene expression and an increase in mesenchymal traits. These findings are indicative of a role of CTCF in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity and gene expression.
Solvability of Some Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problems at Resonance in ℝn

In this paper, the solvability of a system of nonlinear Caputo fractional differential equations at resonance is considered. The interesting point is that the state variable x∈Rn and the effect of the coefficient matrices matrices B and C of boundary value conditions on the solvability of the problem are systematically discussed. By using Mawhin coincidence degree theory, some sufficient conditions for the solvability of the problem are obtained.
Validation of N nutritional status tools for processing tomato.

A field experiment was carried out in 2006 in Central Italy on processing tomato fertilized with 3 N rates (0, 100 and 300 kg N ha -1 ) applied by different fertigation-irrigation weekly frequencies. Growth analysis was performed by sampling plants every 2 weeks starting from 30 days after transplanting (DAT) for a total of 5 sampling dates (i.e., 30, 42, 57, 71 and 84 DAT). At each sampling date the dry weight of the different above-ground plant organs (stems, leaves and fruits) were determined. Reduced-N and nitrate-N concentrations were determined by lab analyses. At each sampling date the crop N nutritional status was also assessed by petiole sap testing and chlorophyll meter readings both taken from the apical leaflet of 10 youngest fully expanded leaves. The evaluation of the crop nutritional status (i.e., sub-optimal, optimal and luxury consumption) was determined by using for the sap test the sufficiency ranges proposed by UC Davis (Anonymous, 1997) and for the above-ground total-%N content the critical-N curve proposed by Tei et al. (2002). Results showed that the sap test is a reliable tool for assessing the N nutritional status in processing tomato for about 2/3 of the crop cycle (i.e., until the end of linear growth phase) that represents the crucial time for N fertilizer management in that vegetable crop. On the contrary, the SPAD chlorophyll meter in our experiment resulted less sensitive and less reliable.
High Detectivity Photodetector Based on WO3 Nanowires by the Surface Plasmonic Effect of Ag Nanoparticles

This letter reports the synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) decorated on WO<sub>3</sub> nanowires (NWs) using the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique for photodetector applications. Ag/WO<sub>3</sub> NWs device reveals a significantly low dark current of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8.63\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula><sup>−11</sup> A. The device also obtained a maximum photoresponsivity of 70.1 A/W and detectivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.61\,\,\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula><sup>14</sup> Jones at 360 nm with an internal gain of 241. Moreover, the Ag decorated WO<sub>3</sub> NWs shows a rise time of 0.84 s and a fall time of 0.78 s at an applied bias of 3V.
Acrylate and Methacrylate Polymers’ Applications: Second Life with Inexpensive and Sustainable Recycling Approaches

Polymers are widely employed in several fields thanks to their wide versatility and the easy derivatization routes. However, a wide range of commercial polymers suffer from limited use on a large scale due to their inert nature. Nowadays, acrylate and methacrylate polymers, which are respectively derivatives of acrylic or methacrylic acid, are among the most proposed materials for their useful characteristics like good biocompatibility, capping ability toward metal clusters, low price, potentially recyclability and reusability. Here, we discuss the advantages and challenges of this class of smart polymers focusing our attention on their current technological applications in medical, electronic, food packaging and environmental remediation fields. Furthermore, we deal with the main issue of their recyclability, considering that the current commercial bioplastics are not yet able to meet the global needs as much as to totally replace fossil-fuel-based products. Finally, the most accredited strategies to reach recyclable composites based on acrylic polymers are described.
Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Wheat Straw in a CSTR System with ‘Synthetic Manure’: Impact of Nickel and Tungsten on Methane Yields, Cell Count, and Microbiome

Lignocellulosic residues, such as straw, are currently considered as candidates for biogas production. Therefore, straw fermentations were performed to quantitatively estimate methane yields and cell counts, as well as to qualitatively determine the microbiome. Six fully automated, continuously stirred biogas reactors were used: three mesophilic (41 °C) and three thermophilic (58 °C). They were fed every 8 h with milled wheat straw suspension in a defined, buffered salt solution, called ‘synthetic manure’. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analyses showed nickel and tungsten deficiency in the straw suspension. Supplementation of nickel and subsequently tungsten, or with an increasing combined dosage of both elements, resulted in a final concentration of approximately 0.1 mg/L active, dissolved tungsten ions, which caused an increase of the specific methane production, up to 63% under mesophilic and 31% under thermophilic conditions. That is the same optimal range for pure cultures of methanogens or bacteria found in literature. A simultaneous decrease of volatile fatty acids occurred. The Ni/W effect occurred with all three organic loading rates, being 4.5, 7.5, and 9.0 g volatile solids per litre and day, with a concomitant hydraulic retention time of 18, 10, or 8 days, respectively. A maximum specific methane production of 0.254 m3 CH4, under standard temperature and pressure per kg volatile solids (almost 90% degradation), was obtained. After the final supplementation of tungsten, the cell counts of methanogens increased by 300%, while the total microbial cell counts increased by only 3–62%. The mesophilic methanogenic microflora was shifted from the acetotrophic Methanosaeta to the hydrogenotrophic Methanoculleus (85%) by tungsten, whereas the H2-CO2-converter, Methanothermobacter, always dominated in the thermophilic fermenters.
OH and HO 2 radical chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018

The first OH and HO2 radical observation in Yangtze River Delta, one of the four major urban agglomerations in China, was carried out at a suburban site (Taizhou) in summer 2018 from May to June, aiming to elucidate the atmospheric oxidation capacity in this region. The maximum diurnal averaged OH and HO2 concentrations were 1.0× 107 and 1.1× 109 cm−3, respectively, which were the second highest HOx (sum of OH and HO2) radical concentrations observed in China. HONO photolysis was the dominant radical primary source, accounting for 42 % of the total radical initiation rate. Other contributions were from carbonyl photolysis (including HCHO, 24 %), O3 photolysis (17 %), alkene ozonolysis (14 %), and NO3 oxidation (3 %). A chemical box model based on the RACM2-LIM1 mechanism could generally reproduce the observed HOx radicals, but systematic discrepancy remained in the afternoon for the OH radical, when the NO mixing ratio was less than 0.3 ppb. An additional recycling mechanism equivalent to 100 ppt NO was capable to fill the gap. The sum of monoterpenes was on average up to 0.4 ppb during daytime, which was all allocated to α-pinene in the base model. A sensitivity test without monoterpene input showed the modeled OH and HO2 concentrations would increase by 7 % and 4 %, respectively, but modeled RO2 concentration would significantly decrease by 23 %, indicating that monoterpene was an important precursor of RO2 radicals in this study. Consequently, the daily integrated net ozone production would reduce by 6.3 ppb without monoterpene input, proving the significant role of monoterpene in the photochemical O3 production in this study. In addition, the generally good agreement between observed and modeled HOx concentrations suggested no significant HO2 heterogeneous uptake process during this campaign. Incorporation of HO2 heterogeneous uptake process would worsen the agreement between HOx radical observation and simulation, and the discrepancy would be beyond the combined measurement–model uncertainties using an effective uptake coefficient of 0.2. Finally, the ozone production efficiency (OPE) was only 1.7 in this study, a few folds lower than other studies in (sub)urban environments. The low OPE indicated a slow radical propagation rate and short chain length. As a consequence, ozone formation was suppressed by the low NO concentration in this study. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 7006 X. Ma et al.: OH and HO2 radical chemistry
Examining the Impact of Adoption of Emerging Technology and Supply Chain Resilience on Firm Performance: Moderating Role of Absorptive Capacity and Leadership Support

The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of firms’ intellectual capability on adoption of emerging technology (ET), and the influence of supply chain resilience on firm performance (FP). The article also investigates the moderating role of firms’ absorptive capacity on adoption of ET and the moderating impact of leadership support (LS) on the relationship between adoption of ET and FP. With the support from literature review and related theories, a model has been developed conceptually. Then, the model has been validated using the data collected from various firms. The article finds that firms’ intellectual capability, agility, and integration significantly impact the adoption of ET, which in turn positively influences supply chain resilience of the firm along with FP. The article also highlights that there is a positive and significant moderating impact of firms’ absorptive capability on the relationship between firm intellectual capital and adoption of ET. Also, the article shows the moderating impact of LS on the relationship between adoption of ET and FP.
An Algorithm for Land Surface Temperature Analysis of Remote Sensing Image Coverage over Dehradun District, Uttarakhand, India

Estimation of LST from remotely sensed data is nowadays usual. LST is a key parameter in the physics of land surface processes because it is involved in the energy balance as well as in the evapotranspiration and desertification processes (Peres and DaCamara, 2004). This study investigates the thermal variations of the different land use/cover types in Dehradun district retrieved from Landsat ETM+ imagery of October, 2005. Band 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the imagery were used in the landuse classification, estimation of NDVI, land surface emissivity values, and satellite sensor temperature. Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate land-cover based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions for an analysis of the causes of LST variations. Results indicate the built up area and the wasteland and non forest area have the highest land surface temperatures of 18–25°C and respectively, vegetation and water bodies have 8–14°C. The cultivated land area has land surface temperatures between 15-160C.