Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of premature discontinuation of outpatient treatment after discharge of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder

Objective This study aimed to examine the sociodemographic and disease-related variables associated with the premature discontinuation of psychiatric outpatient treatment after discharge among patients with noncombat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were discharged with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. Results Fifty-five percent of subjects (57/104) prematurely discontinued outpatient treatment within 6 months of discharge. Comparing sociodemographic variables between the 6-month non-follow-up group and 6-month follow-up group, there were no variables that differed between the two groups. However, comparing disease-related variables, the 6-month follow-up group showed a longer hospitalization duration and higher Global Assessment of Function score at discharge. The logistic regression analysis showed that a shorter duration of hospitalization predicted premature discontinuation of outpatient treatment within 6 months of discharge. Conclusion The duration of psychiatric hospitalization for posttraumatic stress disorder appeared to influence the premature discontinuation of outpatient treatment after discharge.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF HABITAT, HARVEST AND COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS ON THE ABUNDANCE OF WALLEYE SANDER VITREUS IN INLAND LAKES THROUGHOUT ONTARIO

ii Acknowledgements iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii List of Abbreviations ix Chapter 1 General Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Introduction 6 Chapter 3 Methods 15 3.1 Competition Model Development 15 3.2 Walleye Abundance 18 3.3 Physical Lake Data 21 3.4 Fish Community Sampling 21 3.5 Effect of Angling 22 3.6 Fish Community Analysis 23 3.7 Model Analysis 24 Chapter 4 Results 36 4.1 Community Assemblage 36 4.2 Walleye Abundance and Habitat 36 4.3 Model Selection 37 4.4 Relative Abundance Model 39 4.5 Relation with White Sucker Abundance 39 Chapter 5 Discussion 52 5.1 Gear Catchability 52 5.2 Effect of Fishing Effort 53 5.3 Species Abundance Models 54 5.4 Community Assemblage 55 5.5 Lake Herring 56 5.6 Iowa Darters 56 5.7 Centrarchids 57 5.8 White Suckers 59 5.9 Additional Considerations 60 5.10 Relevance to Fisheries Management 61 v 5.11 Conclusions 62 Literature Cited 64 Appendix A Lake Characteristics 77 Appendix B Determining Maximum Sustained Yield for Walleye 81 Appendix C Top Model Summaries 83
Stress and Delayed Mortality Induced in Pacific Halibut by Exposure to Hooking, Net Towing, Elevated Seawater Temperature and Air: Implications for Management of Bycatch

Abstract The extent of stress and eventual mortality in Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis that resulted from simulated capture by hooking or towing in a net, followed by abrupt exposure to warmer seawater temperature and air, were determined under laboratory conditions. Abrupt exposure to 16°C seawater and air after either method of capture increased capture-induced stress, with accompanying mortality of 33% for hooked fish and 78% for fish towed in a net. Moreover, these deaths occurred as long as 30 d after experimental treatment, suggesting that delayed mortality should be considered in any study of Pacific halibut bycatch mortality. Stress induced by hooking or towing in a net followed by air exposure was reflected in cessation of negative phototaxis and feeding, both of which were resumed after 5 d with no mortality occurring. The results of this study clearly show that seasonal increases in temperature associated with thermoclines and deck conditions have the potential for markedly increasing .
Ination and Growth: The Role of Institutions

This paper investigates the e¤ects of ination on per capita income growth for 36 developed and developing countries by using structural vector autoregression models that are robust to the consideration of endogeneity by construction. The results show evidence for heterogeneity of such e¤ects across countries that are shown to be further connected to the strength of their institutions. While the e¤ects of ination on growth are negative and signi cant in countries with stronger institutions, they are positive and signi cant in countries with weaker institutions. JEL Classi cation: O11, O23, O43 Key Words: Economic Growth; Institutions; Ination; Structural VAR Department of Economics, Steven J. Green School of International and Public A¤airs, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; e-mail: hyilmazk@ u.edu; phone: +1-305-348-2316.
Transient Elastography for Assessment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

In 1958, Menghini published the first description of liver biopsy (LB) as it pertained to the study of fibrosis. Since then, LB has become the “gold standard” in the evaluation of liver fibrosis. However, the use of LB has several limitations, including physical and mental discomfort of patients, which may lead to a high percentage of refusals, non-negligible morbidity and occasional mortality. Fibrosis is evaluated by histological semiquantitative scores, among which the METAVIR fibrosis scoring system is the most used; it is able to detect different degrees of fibrosis, from absence of fibrosis (F0) to cirrhosis (F4), and shows a better intraand inter-observer reproducibility than other scales (i.e., Brunt, Knodell, Ishak and Scheuer). However these scores do not provide a dynamic picture of the disease, but only information about diagnosis and prognosis, such as the necroinflammatory activity and the presence of steatosis (Abenavoli et al, 2007). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a relevant issue in public health because of its epidemiologic burden (Argo & Caldwell, 2009). NAFLD is also not a new condition, but was not appreciated in early reports. It represents the most common chronic liver disease in the general population and is expected to increase in the future as a result of an ageing population, the improving control of other major causes of chronic liver disease and the epidemics of obesity and diabetes (Abenavoli et al, 2011). Steatosis consists of an accumulation of fat in the liver cells, and is not a disease in and of itself. It is an aggravating factor in certain pathological situations of varying degrees of gravity, and becomes dangerous when associated with inflammation or fibrosis. It is reversible, however, through diet and exercise. In fact NAFLD, may present as a spectrum ranging from asymptomatic steatosis with elevated or normal aminotransferases to steatohepatitis [non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)], all the way to cirrhosis with complications of liver function to hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD occurs in 60-95% patients with obesity, in 28-55% patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in 27-92% patients with dyslipidemia. Insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia is the common denominator of obesity, T2DM and dyslipidemia and it can play a pathogenetic role in NAFLD. Accordingly, it has been reported that insulin resistance is the single laboratory finding most closely associated with NAFLD in a large series of patients, irrespective of body mass index (BMI), fat distribution, or glucose tolerance. Indeed, NAFLD has been recently proposed as an additional feature of the metabolic syndrome. Currently liver steatosis, can be detected only by ultrasound (US) and quantified only by performing a biopsy. LB is still considered the “gold standard” for distinguishing between the
Southern hemisphere tropical cyclone intensity forecast methods used at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Part I: control forecasts based on climatology and persistence

The development of a simple statistical tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecast model is described. The primary purpose of this model, called southern hemisphere five-day statistical typhoon intensity forecast scheme (SH ST5D), is to provide a skill/no-skill control forecast for verifying other TC intensity forecasts. However, it also provides useful and always-available forecasts of TC intensity in the southern hemisphere. The model is created by fitting an optimal combination of factors related to climatology and persistence (or CLIPER) using multiple linear regression. These CLIPER factors are determined from the best track tropical cyclone dataset produced by the United States of America’s Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) in the years 1980-2002. In 2004 the SH ST5D model became part of the operational suite of tropical cyclone intensity guidance run at JTWC. The forecasts from the model since that time have outperformed both climatology (i.e. a constant 65 knots or 33 ms -1 forecast) and the persistence of initial conditions in a statistically significant manner in independent testing during 2004-2007. This documentation is provided to promote the use of this model’s output and provide adequate background for the development of similar models.
Purkinje Cells Induces Long-term Changes in Synaptic Pairing of Pre-and Postsynaptic Activities in Cerebellar Pairing of Pre-and Postsynaptic Activities in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Induces Long-term Changes in Synaptic Efficacy in Vitro

SUMMARY 1. An in vitro slice preparation of rat cerebellar cortex was used to analyse long-lasting modifications of synaptic transmission at parallel fibre (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses. These use-dependent changes were induced by pairing PF-mediated EPSPs evoked at low frequency (1 Hz) with different levels of membrane polarization (or bioelectrical activities) of PCs for 15 min. 2. Experiments were performed on forty-eight PCs recorded intracellularly in a conventional perfused chamber, and in fifty other cells maintained in a static chamber either in the presence (n = 21) or in the absence (n = 29) of 400 nM-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu). 3. In these three experimental conditions, PF-mediated EPSPs were always measured on PCs maintained at a holding potential of-75 mV, and further hyperpolarized by constant hyperpolarizing pulses. This allowed us both to test the input resistance of PCs and to avoid their firing during PF-mediated EPSPs. 4. In all cells retained for the present study, latencies of PF-mediated EPSPs evoked at 0-2 Hz were stable during the pre-pairing period, and the same was true for their amplitude and time course. 5. In the perfused chamber, pairing of PF-mediated EPSPs with the same hyperpolarization of PCs as that used for measurements of synaptic responses had no effect on these EPSPs in 30% of PCs. It induced long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in 23 and 47 % of the tested cells respectively (n = 17). 6. In the perfused chamber, pairing of PF-mediated EPSPs with moderate depolarization of PCs (n = 19) giving rise to a sustained firing of sodium spikes significantly favoured the appearance of LTP as compared to the previous pairing protocol. However, there were still 27 and 15 % of cells which showed no modification and LTD respectively. 7. In contrast, pairing of PF-mediated EPSPs with calcium (Ca2") spikes evoked by strong depolarization of PCs (n = 12) led to LTD of synaptic transmission in nearly half of the tested cells, whereas LTP was now observed in less than 20 % of them. 8. In the static chamber and in the absence of PDBu, LTD of PF-mediated EPSPs was observed in most cells, whatever the pairing protocol with sodium or Ca2+ spikes. 9. This shift towards LTD was significantly reversed by PDBu in the pairing protocol using firing of sodium spikes, but not in the case of pairings with Ca2+ spikes. 10. Whatever the protocol used, long-term synaptic …
Bacteriological and molecular studies on Clostridium perfringens isolated from sheep in three Egyptian provinces

The study was intended to determine types of Clostridium perfringens and their toxins in diseased sheep with suspected enterotoxaemia, apparently healthy in contact sheep and soil in three Egyptian provinces (one year study). A total of 800 sheep were visited regularly over a period of one year to record cases of enterotoxaemia and collection of samples for bacteriological examination and toxin genotyping using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using four primers set specific for genes encoding toxin production (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota). Based on bacteriological examination, the percentage of C. perfringens isolated from soil, apparently healthy, and diseases sheep were 41, 12 and 59%, respectively. The results of multiplex PCR indicated that C. perfringens type A was the predominant followed by C. perfringens type D with an incidence rate of 43 and 42.7% from positive samples, respectively. While, C. perfringens type B was successfully recovered only from 14.61% of positive samples. Worth mentioning, the data presented collectively highlighted the role of soil and apparently healthy as a potential source of re-infection. Moreover, it is recommended that C. perfringens type A should be included in vaccine schedule in order to afford adequate protection and lessen the adverse economic loses of sheep clostridial diseases. Key words: Clostridia, sheep enterotoxaemia, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Egypt.
Weakly-Supervised Segmentation and Unsupervised Modeling of Natural Images

Modern computer vision systems heavily rely on statistical machine learning models, which typically require large amounts of labeled data to be learned reliably. Moreover, very recently computer vision research widely adopted techniques for representation learning, which further increase the demand for labeled data. However, for many important practical problems there is relatively small amount of labeled data available, so it is problematic to leverage full potential of the representation learning methods. One way to overcome this obstacle is to invest substantial resources into producing large labelled datasets. Unfortunately, this can be prohibitively expensive in practice. In this thesis we focus on the alternative way of tackling the aforementioned issue. We concentrate on methods, which make use of weakly-labeled or even unlabeled data. Specifically, the first half of the thesis is dedicated to the semantic image segmentation task. We develop a technique, which achieves competitive segmentation performance and only requires annotations in a form of global image-level labels instead of dense segmentation masks. Subsequently, we present a new methodology, which further improves segmentation performance by leveraging tiny additional feedback from a human annotator. By using our methods practitioners can greatly reduce the amount of data annotation effort, which is required to learn modern image segmentation models. In the second half of the thesis we focus on methods for learning from unlabeled visual data. We study a family of autoregressive models for modeling structure of natural images and discuss potential applications of these models. Moreover, we conduct in-depth study of one of these applications, where we develop the state-of-the-art model for the probabilistic image colorization task.
The causes of tropical deforestation : the economic and statistical analysis of factors giving rise to the loss of the tropical forests

Part 1 The issues: saving the world's tropical forests, David Pearce and Katrina Brown tropical deforestation - rates and patterns, Norman Myers. Part 2 Explaining global deforestation: population and deforestation, Matti Palo international debt and deforestation, James Kahn and Judith McDonald tropical forest depletion and the changing macroeconomy, Ana Doris Capistrano macroeconomic causes of deforestation - barking up the wrong tree? , Nemat Shafik population, development, and tropical deforestation - a cross-national study, Thomas Rudel population, land use and the environment in developing countries - what can we learn from cross-national data? , Richard Bilsborrow and Martha Geores tropical deforestation and agricultural development in Latin America, Douglas Southgate. Part 3 Country case studies: the causes of deforestation - a quantitative analysis and case study from the Philippines, David Kummer and Chi Ho Sham incentives for tropical deforestation - some examples from Latin America, Dennis Mahar and Robert Schneider an econometric model of Amazon deforestation, Eustaquio Reis and Rolando Guzman an econometric study of the causes of tropical deforestation - the case of North-East Thailand, Theo Panayotou and Somthawin Sunguswan deforestation in Thailand, Chiara Lombardini government failure and deforestation in Indonesia, Diane Osgood an analysis of the causes of deforestation in India, Manab Chakraborty. Part 4 The tropical timber trade: the timber trade and tropical deforestation in Indonesia, Edward Barbier, et al deforestation - the role of the international trade in tropical timber, Edward Barbier, et al the tropical timber trade and sustainable development, Jeffrey Vincent.
Reinterpretation of Quartz Textures in Terms of Hydrothermal Fluid Evolution at the Koryu Au-Ag Deposit, Japan

Spatial and temporal variations in quartz textures and the types of quartz-hosted fluid inclusions in the no. 3 vein of the Pleistocene Koryu epithermal Au-Ag deposit were studied. Bonanza-grade ore zones contain multiple generations of quartz with six distinct textures—crustiform, comb, microcrystalline, colloform, cockade, and platy. Early-formed parts of the vein are mainly composed of comb quartz that is overgrown by later quartz with a variety of textures, including comb, microcrystalline, and colloform; the latter two are the most common textures of later parts of the vein. Comb, microcrystalline, and colloform textures can be traced along each mineral band at the scale of the ore deposit, suggesting the existence of uniform silica-supersaturated conditions during the deposition of the band. Interpretation of petrographic features of fluid inclusions in quartz at the same mine level reveals three types of fluid conditions—intense boiling (flashing), gentle boiling, and nonboiling conditions. The presence of comb quartz texture corresponds to fluid inclusion evidence for gentle boiling or nonboiling conditions. The presence of microcrystalline and colloform quartz textures indicates intense boiling, as suggested in previous studies, although the secondary fluid inclusions in earlier-formed quartz only correspond to fluid inclusion evidence for intense boiling. A fluid inclusion microthermometric study using fluid inclusion assemblages in comb quartz trapped under both gentle boiling and nonboiling conditions shows hydrothermal temperature fluctuates mostly between 243° and 268°C. The relationship between boiling conditions and quartz textures suggests that the intensity of boiling of silica-supersaturated hydrothermal fluid fluctuates at a given depth over time. The close association between precious metal content and microcrystalline and colloform quartz supports the idea that the metals precipitated due to intense boiling. Intense boiling at the base of the boiling zone likely was the main mechanism for bonanza precious metal precipitation, whereas physical transportation of the metals by gently boiling fluids was only a minor mechanism for local precipitation of precious metals at Koryu. On the basis of the observations of this study and previous paleodepth data, quartz textures are overprinted; a deep assemblage of the early comb quartz, formed at >500-m depth below the paleowater table, was overprinted by a late microcrystalline and colloform quartz assemblage formed at <500-m depth. Such textural variations may be attributed to a decrease in the depth of the water table caused by nearby volcanic eruptions.
Stroke Treatment Cost Analysis for Consideration on Health Cost Determination Using INA- CBGs

Received Aug 16, 2015 Revised Nov 19, 2015 Accepted Nov 25, 2015 Indonesian Case Based Groups (INA-CBGs) implementation on hospital financing for stroke patient using Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Jamkesmas) at 3 class hospitalization requires therapy plan management and cost analysis because stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and need high treatment cost. It is puIDRosed to skimp the hospital expenditure and avoid deficit suffering. The study objectives was to determine the suitability cost between real stroke treatment cost and health financing based on INA-CBGs, and to determine the highest cost component on stroke treatment at Jogja hospital. This cross sectional observational study used retrospective sampling method. The subjects were taken from all stroke patient population using Jamkesmas insurance at Jogja Hospital, were hospitalized between January 2011 April 2012 and met the inclusion criteria. The subject was then classified based on INA-CBGs. Patient’s length of stay and costs (direct medical and direct non-medical costs) were defined as study variable. Data was analysed using descriptive analysis and Mann Whitney test. Throuh this study we conclude the average rate of real stroke treatment cost at Jogja Hospital was higher insignificantly than INACBGs based cost and the highest treatment cost was on the medicine and medical equipment. Keyword:
Phanerozoic tectonic setting of Santa Fe country

Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico.