Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of transport properties of BaFe 2-x Ru x As 2 in a wide range of isovalent Ru substitution

The effects of isovalent Ru substitution at the Fe sites of BaFe2-xRuxAs2 are investigated by measuring resistivity and Hall coefficient on high-quality single crystals in a wide range of doping (0 < x < 1.4). Ru substitution weakens the antiferromagnetic (AFM) order, inducing superconductivity for relatively high doping level of 0.4 < x < 0.9. Near the AFM phase boundary, the transport properties show non-Fermi-liquid-like behaviors with a linear-temperature dependence of resistivity and a strong temperature dependence of Hall coefficient with a sign change. Upon higher doping, however, both of them recover conventional Fermi-liquid behaviors. Strong doping dependence of Hall coefficient together with a small magnetoresistance suggest that the anomalous transport properties can be explained in terms of anisotropic charge carrier scattering due to interband AFM fluctuations rather than a conventional multi-band scenario.
Influence of defects on the lattice constant of GaMnAs

We study the influence of the major compensating defects As antisites and Mn interstitials known to occur in the GaMnAs ferromagnetic semiconductor on its structural properties. Our experimental results show that there is a balance between Mn interstitial and As antisite defects, leading to the reduced density of one type of defect upon increasing the density of the other defect. Significant differences in the lattice parameters of GaMnAs with different balances between these two types of defects were observed. The annealing-induced reduction of the GaMnAs lattice constant is inhibited in samples with a large density of As antisites.
Machine learning model for aberrant driving behaviour prediction using heart rate variability: a pilot study involving highway bus drivers

Objectives. Current approaches via physiological features detecting aberrant driving behaviour (ADB), including speeding, abrupt steering, hard braking and aggressive acceleration, are developing. This study proposes using machine learning approaches incorporating heart rate variability (HRV) parameters to predict ADB occurrence. Methods. Naturalistic driving data of 10 highway bus drivers in Taiwan from their daily routes were collected for 4 consecutive days. Their driving behaviours and physiological data during a driving task were determined using a navigation mobile application and heart rate watch. Participants’ self-reported data on sleep, driving-related experience, open-source data on weather and the traffic congestion level were obtained. Five machine learning models – logistic regression, random forest, naive Bayes, support vector machine and gated recurrent unit (GRU) – were employed to predict ADBs. Results. Most drivers with ADB had low sleep efficiency (≤80%), with significantly higher scores in driver behaviour questionnaire subcategories of lapses and errors and in the Karolinska sleepiness scale than those without ADBs. Moreover, HRV parameters were significantly different between baseline and pre-ADB event measurements. GRU had the highest accuracy (81.16–84.22%). Conclusions. Sleep deficit may be related to the increased fatigue level and ADB occurrence predicted from HRV-based models among bus drivers.
Whole-mount Electron Microscopy to Quantitate Platelet Dense Granules: Reference Intervals for Healthy Controls in Korea

, Platelets are metabolically active cells that have numerous func-tional organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi appa-ratus, and mitochondria. In addition, they contain three major types of secretory granules: α -granules, dense granules (or δ -gra-nules), and lysosomes [1-3]. Compared to α -granules, dense granules have relatively few types of small molecules, such as serotonin, adenine nucleotides (ADP and ATP), calcium, and polyphosphate. Platelet dense granule deficiency may result in mild to moderate bleeding tendency associated with mucocuta-neous bleeding and has a similar prevalence as von Willebrand disorder [1-3]. α -Granules can be observed as red dots in platelets under a light microscope, whereas dense granules need to be examined at the ultrastructural level, using electron microscopy (EM) [4-6]. The whole-mount technique is simple, and EM remains the best and standard laboratory method to quantitate platelet dense granules. We quantitated platelet dense granules
On the physical mechanism of centrifugal-gravity wave resonant instability in swirling free surface rotating Polygons

We present an explicit analysis of wave-resonant instability of swirling flows inside fast rotating cylindrical containers. The linear dynamics are decomposed into the interaction between the horizontal inner centrifugal edge waves, the outer vertical gravity waves with the aim of understanding the dynamics of the centrifugal waves. We show how the far field velocity induced respectively by the centrifugal and the gravity waves affect each other's propagation rates and amplitude growth. We follow this with an analysis of the instability in terms of a four wave interaction, two centrifugal and two gravity ones, and explain why the resonant instability can be obtained only between a pair of two counter-propagating waves, one centrifugal and one gravity. Furthermore, a near resonant regime which does not yield instability is shown to result from a phase-locking configuration between a pair of a counter-propagating centrifugal wave and a pro-propagating gravity one, where the interaction affects the waves' propagation rates but not the amplitude growth.
Recent Secular Trends in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Internationally: Analyses of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0.

BACKGROUND We examined recent global secular trends in 5 indicators of child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, and Sedentary Behavior) and 4 influences on these (Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government). METHODS Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance letter grades (A+ to F) were assigned numbers from 15 to 2, with 0 assigned for missing/incomplete grades. Trends from Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 (2014) to 4.0 (2022) were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with level of economic development and gender inequity considered as potential moderators. RESULTS Report card grades were generally relatively stable. Trends generally did not differ significantly by level of economic development (except for Active Transportation and Active Play), but gender inequality did significantly moderate trends for most of the indicators, with higher gender inequality associated with more adverse changes in grades. The number of "incomplete" grades decreased over time, but this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS While trends varied within and between countries, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and the influences on these behaviors globally, were relatively stable over the past decade or so, albeit at undesirable levels.
Are most low-luminosity active galactic nuclei really obscured?

At low Eddington ratios (? ), two effects make it more difficult to detect certain active galactic nuclei (AGN) given a particular set of selection methods. First, even allowing for fixed accretion physics, at low ? AGN become less luminous relative to their hosts, diluting their emission; the magnitude of the dilution depends on host properties and, therefore, on luminosity and redshift. Secondly, low-? systems are expected and observed to transition to a radiatively inefficient state, which changes the spectral energy distribution (SED) shape and dramatically decreases the luminosity at optical through infrared (IR) wavelengths. The effects of dilution are unavoidable, while the precise changes in accretion physics at low ? are somewhat uncertain, but potentially very important for our understanding of AGN. These effects will have different implications for samples with different selection criteria, and generically lead to differences in the AGN populations recovered in observed samples, even at fixed bolometric luminosity and after correction for obscuration. Although the true Eddington ratio distribution may depend strongly on mass/luminosity, this will be seen only in surveys robust to dilution and radiative inefficiency, such as X-ray or narrow-line samples; by contrast, selection effects imply that AGN in optical samples will have uniformly high Eddington ratios, with little dependence on luminosity, even at low L bol where the median 'true' ? ≤ 0.01. These same selection effects also imply that different selection criteria pick out systems with different hosts: as a result, the clustering of low-luminosity optical/IR sources will be weaker than that of X-ray sources, and optical/IR Seyferts will reside in more disc-dominated galaxies, while X-ray-selected Seyferts will be preferentially in early-type systems. Taken together, these effects can naturally explain longstanding, apparently contradictory claims in the literature regarding AGN Eddington ratio distributions, host populations and clustering. Finally, we show that if current observed Eddington ratio distributions are correct, a large fraction of low-luminosity AGN currently classified as 'obscured' are in fact radiatively diluted and/or radiatively inefficient, not obscured by gas or dust. This is equally true if X-ray hardness is used as a proxy for obscuration, since radiatively inefficient SEDs near ? ~ 0.01 are characteristically X-ray hard. These effects can explain most of the claimed luminosity/redshift dependence in the 'obscured' AGN population, with the true obscured fraction as low as ~20 per cent.
Shape design by optimal flow control and reduced basis techniques

The purpose of this thesis is to develop numerical methods for optimization, control and shape design in computational fluid dynamics, more precisely in haemodynamics. The application studied is related with the shape optimization of an aorto-coronaric bypass. The optimization process has to keep into account aspects which are very different and sometimes conflicting, for this reason the process has been organized in more levels dealing with a geometrical scale. Moreover we have chosen to use simplified low fidelity models during the application of the complex optimization tools and to verify in feed-back with higher fidelity models the configurations previously obtained. In our case we deal with fluid models based on Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations, for lower and higher fidelity approach respectively, also in the unsteady formulation. At an outer level of the optimization process, efficient numerical methods based on parametrized partial differential equations have been developed to get real-time and accurate information concerning the preliminary configurations, and to get a sensitivity analysis on geometrical quantities of interest and on functionals, related with fluid mechanics quantities. This approach is carried out by reduced basis methods which let us rebuild approximate solutions for parametrized equations by other solutions already computed and stored, allowing huge computational savings. At an inner level we have developed local shape optimization methods by optimal flow control theory based on adjoint approach. Two different approaches have been developed: the former is based on the local displacement of each node on the boundary, the latter is based on small perturbation theory into a reference domain. This approach is more complex but let us avoid mesh reconstruction at each iteration and study the problem into a deeper context from a theoretical point of view and do a generalization dealing with unsteady flows.
Detection of the natural α decay of tungsten

The natural $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay of $^{180}\mathrm{W}$ has been unambiguously detected for the first time. The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ peak is found in a ($\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $\ensuremath{\beta}$, and neutron)-free background spectrum. This has been achieved by the simultaneous measurement of phonon and light signals with the CRESST (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers) cryogenic detectors. A half-life of ${T}_{1∕2}=(1.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{years}$ and an energy release of $Q=[2516.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1(\mathrm{stat.})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2(\mathrm{sys.})]\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{keV}$ have been measured. New limits are also set on the half-lives of the other naturally occurring tungsten isotopes.
Periodicities in X-Ray Binaries from Swift/BAT Observations(Chapter 8. White Dwarf and Neutron Star Isolated and/or Binaries, The Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era)

The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board Swift has accumulated extensive light curves for 265 sources (not including GRBs) in the energy range 14 to 200 keV. We present here a summary of searches for periodic modulation in the flux from X-ray binaries. Our results include: determination of the orbital periods of IGR J16418-4532 and IGR J16320-4751; the disappearance of a previously known 9.6 day period in 4U 2206+54; the detection of a 5 hour period in the symbiotic X-ray binary 4U 1954+31, which might be the slowest neutron star rotation period yet discovered; and the detection of flares in the supergiant system 1E 1145.1-6141 which occur at both periastron and apastron passage with nearly equal amplitude. We compare techniques of weighting data points in power spectra and present a method related to the semi-weighted mean which, unlike conventional weighting, works well over a wide range of source brightness.
Multiplication alteration by two-cocycles

Vo for all u, v e The Amitsur 2-cocycle condition guarantees that U is associative and unitary with the multiplication. If U was originally a central separable (simple) algebra then U is still central separable under the new multiplication. We show that the central separable algebra resulting from an Amitsur 2-cocycle is isomorphic to the Rosenberg Zelinsky central separable --1 algebra coming from the 2-cocycle a If K is an intermediate field (A K k) we show how mapping 2-cocycles in A (R) k A (R) k A into A (R) K A (R) K A corresponds to taking the centralizer of K in central separable k algebras with maximal commutative subfield A. On the way to these results we prove that if A is a finite purely inseparable field extension of k and U is an algebra containing A then U is isomorphic to A (R) A as an A-bimodule if and only if U is a central separable k algebra of k-dimension
The Auxin response factor TaARF15-A1 negatively regulates senescence in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Auxin plays an important role in regulating leaf senescence. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are crucial components of the auxin signaling pathway; however, their roles in leaf senescence in cereal crops are unknown. In this study, we identified TaARF15-A1 as a negative regulator of senescence in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by analyzing TaARF15-A1 overexpression and RNA interference lines and CRISPR/Cas9-based arf15 mutants. Overexpression of TaARF15-A1 delayed senescence, whereas knockdown lines and knockout mutants showed accelerated leaf senescence and grain ripening. RNA-seq analysis revealed that TaARF15-A1 delays leaf senescence by negatively regulating senescence-promoting processes and positively modulating senescence-delaying genes including senescence-associated phytohormone biosynthesis and metabolism genes as well as transcription factors. We also demonstrated that TaARF15-A1 physically interacts with TaMYC2, a core jasmonic acid (JA) signaling transcription factor that positively modulates wheat senescence. Furthermore, TaARF15-A1 suppressed the expression of TaNAM-1 (TaNAM-A1 and TaNAM-D1) via protein-protein interaction and competition with TaMYC2 for binding to its promoter to regulate senescence. Finally, we identified two haplotypes of TaARF15-A1 in global wheat collections. Association analysis revealed that TaARF15-A1-HapI has undergone strong selection during wheat breeding in China, likely owing to its earlier maturity. Thus, we identify TaARF15-A1 as a negative regulator of senescence in common wheat and present another perspective on the crosstalk between auxin and JA signaling pathways in regulating plant senescence.
Recurrent Hippocampo-neocortical sleep-state divergence in humans

Significance We report here evidence that human cortical and subcortical brain areas exist in different combinations of simultaneous sleep–wake states throughout the night. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complexity of the mechanisms generating sleep and hold implications for the functions of sleep. Future studies should directly measure or take into consideration the putative sleep state of the region of interest, or risk missing important effects of experimental manipulations on subcortical areas that could be critical to understanding the sleep question at hand.
Implicit Annealing in Kernel Spaces: A Strongly Consistent Clustering Approach

Kernel <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="das-ieq1-3217137.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-means clustering is a powerful tool for unsupervised learning of non-linearly separable data. Its merits are thoroughly validated on a suite of simulated datasets and real data benchmarks that feature nonlinear and multi-view separation. Since the earliest attempts, researchers have noted that such algorithms often become trapped by local minima arising from the non-convexity of the underlying objective function. In this paper, we generalize recent results leveraging a general family of means to combat sub-optimal local solutions to the kernel and multi-kernel settings. Called Kernel Power <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="das-ieq2-3217137.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-Means, our algorithm uses majorization-minimization (MM) to better solve this non-convex problem. We show that the method implicitly performs annealing in kernel feature space while retaining efficient, closed-form updates. We rigorously characterize its convergence properties both from computational and statistical points of view. In particular, we characterize the large sample behavior of the proposed method by establishing strong consistency guarantees as well as finite-sample bounds on the excess risk of the estimates through modern tools in learning theory. The proposal's efficacy is demonstrated through an array of simulated and real data experiments.
Risk factors associated with increased incidences of catheter-related bloodstream infection

We have implemented several preventive measures to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in the general intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Japan. Here, we analyzed the factors associated with CLABSI in patients with central venous catheter (CVC) insertions and evaluated the effects of our implemented preventive measures. From July 2013 to June 2018, data was collected from the medical records of 1472 patients with 1635 CVC insertions, including age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, duration of ICU stay, duration of catheter insertion, insertion site, and mechanical ventilation status. During weekly conferences, a surveillance team comprising intensive care and infection control doctors and nurses determined the patients’ CLABSI status. The analyzed factors were compared between CLABSI and central line patients without bloodstream infection. Multivariate analysis revealed three factors associated with CLABSI. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were as follows: duration of ICU stay, 1.032 (1.019–1.044); duration of catheter insertion, 1.041 (1.015–1.066); and APACHE II score, 1.051 (1.000–1.105). The prominent risk factors were associated with the severity of the initial condition and exacerbation of the clinical condition of the patients during their stays in the ICU. Further strategies to reduce CLABSI must be developed.
On the age and mass function of the globular cluster M 4: A different interpretation of recent deep HST observations

Very deep images of the Galactic globular cluster M 4 (NGC 6121) through the F606W and F814W filters were taken in 2001 with the WFPC2 on board the HST. A first published analysis of this data set (Richer et al. [CITE]) produced the result that the age of M 4 is $12.7\pm 0.7$ Gyr (Hansen et al. [CITE]), thus setting a robust lower limit to the age of the universe. In view of the great astronomical importance of getting this number right, we have subjected the same data set to the simplest possible photometric analysis that completely avoids uncertain assumptions about the origin of the detected sources. This analysis clearly reveals both a thin main sequence, from which can be deduced the deepest statistically complete mass function yet determined for a globular cluster, and a white dwarf (WD) sequence extending all the way down to the $5\,\sigma$ detection limit at $I \simeq 27$. The WD sequence is abruptly terminated at exactly this limit as expected by detection statistics. Using our most recent theoretical WD models (Prada Moroni & Straniero [CITE]) to obtain the expected WD sequence for different ages in the observed bandpasses, we find that the data so far obtained do not reach the peak of the WD luminosity function, thus only allowing one to set a lower limit to the age of M 4 of ~9 Gyr. Thus, the problem of determining the absolute age of a globular cluster and, therefore, the onset of GC formation with cosmologically significant accuracy remains completely open. Only observations several magnitudes deeper than the limit obtained so far would allow one to approach this objective.
Differential Games and Representation Formulas for Solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs Equations.

Abstract : Recent work by the authors and others has demonstrated the connections between the dynamic programming approach for two-person, zero-sum differential games and the new notion of viscosity solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi PDE, (Partial Differential Equations). The basic idea is that the dynamic programming optimality conditions imply that the values of a two-person, zero-sum differential game are viscosity solutions of appropriate PDE. This paper proves the above, when the values of the differential games are defined following Elliott-Kalton. This results in a great simplification in the statements and proofs, as the definitions are explicit and do not entail any kind of approximations. Moreover, as an application of the above results, the paper contains a representation formula for the solution of a fully nonlinear first-order PDE. This is then used to prove results about the level sets of solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations with homogeneous Hamiltonians. These results are also related to the theory of Huygen's principle and geometric optics.