Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recycling the universe using scalar fields

We examine the behavior of a closed oscillating universe filled with a homogeneous scalar field and find that, contrary to naive expectations, such a universe expands to larger volumes during successive expansion epochs. This intriguing behavior introduces an arrow of time in a system which is time reversible. The increase in the maximum size of the universe is closely related to the work done on or by the scalar field during one complete oscillatory cycle which, in turn, is related to the asymmetry in the scalar field equation of state during expansion and collapse. Our analysis shows that scalar fields with polynomial potentials $V(\ensuremath{\varphi})=\ensuremath{\lambda}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{q},$ $qg1,$ lead to a growing oscillation amplitude for the universe: the increase in amplitude between successive oscillations is more significant for smaller values of q. Such behavior allows for the effective recycling of the universe. A recycled universe can be quite old and can resolve the flatness problem. These results have strong bearing on cosmological models in which the role of dark matter is played by a scalar field. They are also relevant for chaotic inflationary models of the early universe since they demonstrate that, even if the universe fails to inflate the first time around, it will eventually do so during future oscillatory cycles. Thus, the space of initial conditions favorable for chaotic inflation increases significantly.
The change of GRB polarization angles in the magnetic-dominated jet model

The polarimetric measurement on the prompt phase of GRB 100826A shows that the polarization angle changes similar to 90 degrees between two adjacent time intervals. We will show that this phenomenon can be naturally interpreted in the framework of the magnetic-dominated jet (MDJ) model. The MDJ model suggests that the bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow increases as Gamma proportional to r(1/3), until reaching a saturated value Gamma(sat). Electrons move in the globally ordered magnetic field advected by the jet from the central engine and produce synchrotron photons. The polarized synchrotron photons travel alone the jet direction and then collide with the cold electrons at the front of the jet. After the Compton scattering process, these photons escape from the jet and are detected by the observer locating slightly off-axis. If photons are emitted before the bulk Lorentz factor saturates, the change of polarization angle is a natural result of the acceleration of the outflow.
Association Between Fetal Pulmonary Doppler Indices and Neonatal Respiratory Distress in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section Between 38 and 39 Weeks Gestation

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a frequent source of respiratory distress in newborns that manifests within hours after birth, usually just after delivering. Preterm newborns and, on rare occasions, mature babies are affected with RDS. Numerous studies have established the value of Doppler as a non-invasive means of assessing pulmonary artery pressure in newborns and adults. Furthermore, the pulmonary vasculature grows with the lung during pregnancy, with both the actual number of pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary artery vascular resistance decreasing somewhat. Aim of the work: To see whether fetal pulmonary indices might predict newborn respiratory distress syndrome in patients undergoing elective cesarean section between 38-and 39-weeks’ gestation. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective research which was carried in al-Hussein hospital from October 2020 till April 2021. This study included 100 pregnant women. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of different variables of U/S to predict RDs showed that umbilical artery RI and PI had sensitivity 78.0%; 65.0%, specificity 70.0’ 70.0 and accuracy 75.0%; 67% respectively. Middle cerebral artery RI and PI to predict RDs had sensitivity 80.0%; 75.0%, specificity 75.0; 70.0 and accuracy 76.0%; 72% respectively. The At/Et ratio showed a sensitivity 95.0%, specificity 90.0 and accuracy was 93.0%. Conclusion: The current investigation found that fetal PA-derived Ultrasonographic characteristics may accurately predict neonatal RDS in term newborns. The RI, PI, PSV, and At/Et ratio are among these metrics.
Probing inhomogeneity in the helium ionizing UV background

We present an analysis combining the simultaneous measurement of intergalactic absorption by hydrogen (${\rm {H\,\small {I}}}$), helium (${\rm {He\,\small {II}}}$), and oxygen (${\rm {O\,\small {VI}}}$) in UV and optical quasar spectra. The combination of the ${\rm {H\,\small {I}}}$ and ${\rm {He\,\small {II}}}$ Lyman-alpha forests through η (the ratio of column densities of singly ionized helium to neutral hydrogen) is thought to be sensitive to large-scale inhomogeneities in the extragalactic UV background. We test this assertion by measuring associated five-times-ionized oxygen (${\rm {O\,\small {VI}}}$) absorption, which is also sensitive to the UV background. We apply the pixel optical depth technique to ${\rm {O\,\small {VI}}}$ absorption in high and low η samples filtered on various scales. This filtering scale is intended to represent the scale of any coherent oxygen excess/deficit. We find a 2σ detection of an ${\rm {O\,\small {VI}}}$ opacity excess in the low η sample on scales of ∼10 cMpc for HE 2347-4342 at $\bar{z}\approx 2.6$, consistent with a large-scale excess in hard UV photons. However, for HS 1700 + 6416 at $\bar{z}\approx 2.5$ we find that the measured ${\rm {O\,\small {VI}}}$ absorption is not sensitive to differences in η. HS 1700 + 6416 also shows a relative absence of ${\rm {O\,\small {VI}}}$ overall, which is 6σ inconsistent with that of HE 2347-4342. This implies UV background inhomogeneities on ≳200 cMpc scales, hard UV regions having internal ionization structure on ∼10 cMpc scales, and soft UV regions showing no such structure. Furthermore, we perform the pixel optical depth search for oxygen on the ${\rm {He\,\small {II}}}$ Gunn-Peterson trough of HE 2347-4342 and find results consistent with post-${\rm {He\,\small {II}}}$-reionization conditions.
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

There are many benefits to mixing pesticides including controlling a broad spectrum of pest species and overcoming the phenomenon of insect resistance to the action of pesticides. Two field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 seasons, at Alwakeel village, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt to investigate the efficacy of abamectin and thiamethoxam mixture (AB+THIA) against the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci . The mixture gave a high reduction of whiteflies, where the general means of initial and residual reduction percentage of adult stages were 83.3, 87.1% and 84.1%, 86.1% during 2019 and 2020, respectively. It recorded 85.4, 86.4% and 89.8, 87.8% of immature stages during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Recognized method, Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) was conducted to extract and clean up tomato fruits and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify AB and THIA residue levels. They were below the maximum residue level (MRL). For toxicological studies, AB+THIA at MRL was administered on male Sprague Dewaly rats twice a week orally treated with the mixture for 4 weeks. The results obtained that activities of serum aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamylamyl transferase (  GT) and levels of uric acid, creatinine and urea significantly increased in the treated rats, respect to their controls. The mixture of AB and THIA triggered histopathological defects in liver and kidney sections of male rats. The present findings suggest that the mixture of AB and THIA could be used as an effective formulation for whitefly management by following the safety guidelines of pesticides usage and choosing the appropriate time for plant harvest to avoid as possible the harmful effects of pesticides.
Modelling resonances and orbital chaos in disk galaxies. Application to a Milky Way spiral model

Context: Resonances in the stellar orbital motion under perturbations from spiral arms structure play an important role in the evolution of the disks of spiral galaxies. The epicyclic approximation allows the determination of the corresponding resonant radii on the equatorial plane (for nearly circular orbits), but is not suitable in general. Aims: We expand the study of resonant orbits by analysing stellar motions perturbed by spiral arms with Gaussian-shaped profiles without any restriction on the stellar orbital configurations, and we expand the concept of Lindblad (epicyclic) resonances for orbits with large radial excursions. Methods: We define a representative plane of initial conditions, which covers the whole phase space of the system. Dynamical maps on representative planes are constructed numerically, in order to characterize the phase-space structure and identify the precise location of resonances. The study is complemented by the construction of dynamical power spectra, which provide the identification of fundamental oscillatory patterns in the stellar motion. Results: Our approach allows a precise description of the resonance chains in the whole phase space, giving a broader view of the dynamics of the system when compared to the classical epicyclic approach, even for objects in retrograde motion. The analysis of the solar neighbourhood shows that, depending on the current azimuthal phase of the Sun with respect to the spiral arms, a star with solar kinematic parameters may evolve either inside the stable co-rotation resonance or in a chaotic zone. Conclusions: Our approach contributes to quantifying the domains of resonant orbits and the degree of chaos in the whole Galactic phase-space structure. It may serve as a starting point to apply these techniques to the investigation of clumps in the distribution of stars in the Galaxy, such as kinematic moving groups.
Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients

Background: There are many studies about the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the general population, but the data about HEV infection among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) give conflicting results. Although the parenteral route may be involved in the transmission of HEV infection, several investigators have suggested that fecal-oral transmission is the primary transmission mode. We aimed to identify the seroprevalence of HEV in hemodialysis (HD) patients compared to the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection, and examine the role of parenteral transmission. Methodology: Eighty-four patients from TBRI's HD unit who had been receiving dialysis for more than six months were involved in the study. All the patients were subjected to detailed medical history, full clinical examination, and routine investigations, including virology screening and abdominal ultrasound. HEV seropositivity was investigated by ELISA for HEV-Ab (IgG), while active viremia was assessed by RT-PCR for HEV RNA. Results: Out of the 84 patients, anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected in five cases (6.0%). A minor (P=0.001) and a moderate (P=0.01) increase in liver echogenicity by ultrasound were significantly correlated with HEV seropositivity. Blood transfusion and HEV seropositivity did not significantly correlate (P=0.6). Neither HBsAg nor HCV-Ab was related to anti-HEV antibody seropositivity. HEV RT-PCR was only positive in one case. Conclusion: Compared to HCV (34.5%), the prevalence of HEV seropositivity was low (6%) in our patients. Parenteral transmission of HEV was less likely. HEV routine screening may help lower the related morbidity and mortality in HD patients. renal disease Age, HD Duration, Hb, TLC, Platelets, AST, ALT, and S. Albumin were revealed as Mean ± SD; the student t-test was used to analyze data. While Sex, Cause of ESRD, Blood Transfusion, Liver Ultrasound, Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly, Ascites, HBVs-Ag, HCV-Ab, HEV-IgG, and HEV-RNA were represented as F (%) frequency and percent; the data were analyzed by X2 test. * p-value <0.05 is significant, ** p-value <0.01 is greatly significant. OR; Odd Ratio, CI; Confidence Interval, p-value calculated depend on Logistic Regression analysis among the normal distribution data, while multi-nominal Regression in categorical parameters.
Associations between Wearing Masks, Hand Washing, and the Risk of COVID-19 Contraction: A Case-Control Study in the Northwest of Iran

Background: Scientists believe that the new coronavirus causing COVID-19 is airborne. It has been approved that wearing masks and hand washing prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the association between wearing facemasks, hand washing, and COVID-19 contraction in the population of Tabriz, Iran. Materials & Methods: In this analytical study, necessary information was collected via four online multi-optional questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, the COVID-19 virus, mask-wearing behaviors, and hand hygiene habits among 360 individuals (120 cases and 240 controls). Based on data normality, quantitative variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation or the median (min-max). In addition, the relationship between qualitative variables was evaluated by the Fisher’s exact test, and correlations were assessed by the Spearman's test. Results: Elderly individuals and their care seekers had fewer potentials for exposure to COVID-19 (p = 0.010), but healthcare workers were at a higher risk of contracting the virus than other occupations (p = 0.002). In addition, smokers were at a lower risk of the disease than other healthy people (p = 0.009). Furthermore, the incidence of COVID-19 was significantly higher among individuals not wearing facemasks than others (p = 0.007). Conclusions: we concluded that wearing a facemask was more effective than hand washing and antiseptics in preventing the incidence of COVID-19 contraction;thus, people not wearing facemasks were at a higher risk of the viral infection. © The Author(s) 2022;All rights reserved. Published by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Press.
Adherence to supplementary feeding biscuits and their effect on haemoglobin
levels in underweight children aged 6-23 months: a quasi-experiment in Aceh,
Indonesia

This study aimed to analyse compliance with supplementary feeding (SF) biscuits and their impact on haemoglobin levels in underweight children aged 6-23 months. A quasi-experimental of the one-group pre-post only design was used to study 80 underweight children who were taken by the cluster sampling method, SF biscuits was given at a dose of 90 g (12-24 months of age) and 60 g (6-11 months of age) per day for 24 weeks with the assistance of cadres and supervised by nutrition workers. Compliance was measured by interviewing the mother using a form, and haemoglobin level was measured using the spectrophotometric method. Data analysis used a logistic regression test and paired T-test at the 95% confidence level (95% CI). The average adherence to biscuit consumption is 75.7%, SF biscuits consumption compliance has increased from the first to second month (77.2%) to the third to the fourth month (79.2%) and has decreased in the fifth and sixth month (70.7% ). Children who had never been sick and suffered from anaemia had higher adherence to biscuit consumption (OR = 5.56; 95% CI: 1.35-22.93) and (OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03-0.5) (p = 0.017 and p = 0.005) than children who are often sick and not anaemic. Most of the mothers stated that their children liked the SF biscuits (43.8%) and the mean increase in Hb levels was higher in children with consumption levels above 70%. The provision of SF biscuits with assistance can increase the compliance level of biscuits consumption, however, after 4 months of provision, it decreases. To prevent children from becoming bored while eating, a combination of biscuit formulations was required, including taste, form, and ingredient composition.
A QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF LUNAR ORBITAL NEUTRON DATA

Data from the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) Collimated Sensors for Epithermal Neutrons (CSETN) are used in conjunction with a model based on results from the Lunar Prospector (LP) mission to quantify the extent of the background in the LEND CSETN. A simple likelihood analysis implies that at least 90% of the lunar component of the LEND CSETN flux results from high-energy epithermal (HEE) neutrons passing through the walls of the collimator. Thus, the effective FWHM of the LEND CSETN field of view is comparable to that of the omni-directional LP Neutron Spectrometer. The resulting map of HEE neutrons offers the opportunity to probe the hydrogen abundance at low latitudes and to provide constraints on the distribution of lunar water.
Unknown microorganisms in Hemolymph of reared shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus

Nowadays, Shrimp farmers are suffering from wide spectrum of disease in type of viruses, Bacteria, and parasites. Certain parasites can enforce severe mortalities in shrimp. Among these, protozoa are also very important. The objective of our study was to determine the signs, occurrence, and intensity of unknown microorganisms. The experimental design included three groups, one treatment as infected shrimp or group B and 2 controls with non- infected but exposure to White Spot Syndrom Virus (WSSV) shrimp as group A and non- infected non - exposure to WSSV shrimp as group C in triplicate. The results revealed that unknown-miccroorganisms associated with a decrease in hyalinocytes and large -granulocytes (less than 8%) and a considerable increase in semi-granulocytes in group A and B in contrast to group C that Hyalinocyte increased. This infection made the shrimp susceptible to WSSV disease. It is believed that Hemocytosis causes a condition which can result in a rapid mortality among susceptible species, P. indicus when exposure to WSSV is occurred.
Prior genetic correlations and non-measured traits

Current international genetic evaluations are based on across-country genetic correlations (rG). These rG are estimated rG that have been “post-processed” and may be influenced by prior expectations. Current post-processing rules are largely based on expert intuition. Applying similar structural models as Rekaya et al. (2001) to predict prior rG seems more desirable as it allows simultaneous consideration of several explanatory effects and because it is less subjective.
Community Awareness of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or clubfoot is known as a deformity characterized by excessively turned-in feet and high medial longitudinal arches. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal abnormalities. It is estimated that approximately 20% of CTEV cases are caused by another congenital disease or syndromic condition. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge about CTEV among the general population in the Makkah region of the kingdom. Methods: This study was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study carried on by an online questionnaire, previously validated in published studies, among residents in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia who successfully fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of the total number of respondents (n=1,987), gender was found to be significantly associated with awareness about CTEV (p-value=0.007) as females tend to have higher awareness levels than males. Having a child with CTEV was found to be significantly associated with awareness level (p-value˂0.001). In addition, university and secondary levels of education are more aware of CTEV than other levels of education (p-value=0.023). Conclusion: According to the results, the lack of awareness campaigns may contribute to the low public awareness of CTEV. It is recommended that social media platforms and public campaigns be utilized to increase awareness of CTEV in key locations such as malls. These initiatives may motivate people to seek treatment for their disease as early as possible. In addition, early management of CTEV is less invasive and leads to better patient outcomes when followed up regularly.
The relationship of loneliness and attitude towards social deviances among nursing and health students during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic

Background and aims: Loneliness can increase stress, anxiety, and engagement in social deviances (SDs) among adolescents and youngsters. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of loneliness and attitude towards SDs among nursing and health students during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020. Participants were 105 nursing and health students of Ramsar Faculty of Nursing, Mazandaran, Iran. Data were collected using the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Social Deviances Attitude Scale. Data were entered into the SPSS software (v. 16.0) and analyzed through the independent-sample t, Mann Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, the analysis of variance, the Spearman’s correlation analysis, and the multiple regression analysis. Results: Most participants were female (73.3%) and single (90.5%) and studied nursing (55.2%). The mean scores of loneliness and attitude towards SDs were 40.19±10.51 and 68.57±8.32, respectively. The highest dimensional score of attitude towards SDs was related to the drug abuse dimension (15.31±2.65). Loneliness had significant relationship with attitude towards SDs and all its dimensions (P<0.05). The significant predictors of loneliness were attitude towards SDs, its aggression dimension, family income, father’s occupation, and father’s educational level (P<0.05). Conclusion: Students have low level of loneliness and negative attitude towards SDs. Attitude towards SDs, its aggression dimension, family income, father’s occupation, and father’s educational level are the significant predictors of loneliness. Health and education policy makers need to use strategies to reduce students’ loneliness in order to reduce the risk of their engagement in SDs.
The impact of video lecture capture on student attainment and achievement of intended learning outcomes

Background: The multimedia capturing of live lectures has increased within higher education institutions, even in the pre-COVID-19 period. Despite student satisfaction, the video lecture capture (VLC) influence on students' attainment and achievement of intended learning outcomes is controversial. Methods: To explore the impact of VLC, a cross-sectional study across 2016/17 (n=209 students) and 2017/18 (n=206 students) was conducted in the course of Mechanistic Toxicology in Pharmaceutical Education. Results: The results showed that 73% and 90% of the assessed students viewed the videos of theoretical (550 minutes) and practical/laboratory classes (250 minutes), respectively. VLC impacted student attainment and the achievement of intended learning outcomes on the capacity to understand the subjects and apply knowledge. Conclusion: The effectiveness of VLC is to be considered under the framework of constructive alignment and the specificities of the course.