Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On The Exact Counting of Tree-Child Networks

The combinatorial study of phylogenetic networks has attracted much attention in recent times. In particular, one class of them, the so-called tree-child networks, are becoming the most prominent ones. However, their combinatorial properties are largely unknown. In this paper we address the problem of exactly counting them. We conjecture a bijection with a certain class of words, and from this assumption a simple recurrence formula arises. It is able to determine the number of all subclasses, as well as a direct formula, a simple enumeration procedure and precise asympotics. Our results coincide with all currently proved formulas for particular subclasses of tree-child networks, as well as with numerical results obtained for small networks. Since, as we will show, working with words greatly simplies the problem, we expect to contribute to further combinatoric characterizations of this class of networks.
Methods to Calculate Gas Diffusion Coefficients of Cellular Plastic Insulation from Experimental Data on Gas Absorption

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Using Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology to Incorporate High Percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material in Asphalt Mixtures

The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) helps save natural resources and money. The percentage of RAP that can be utilized successfully in hot-mix recycling is primarily dictated by practical considerations. To avoid deterioration of the aged binder, RAP should not be exposed to relatively high temperatures. This study investigated the feasibility of using a warm-mix asphalt (WMA) additive, Sasobit H8, in successfully recycling hot-mix asphalt (HMA) with 75% RAP at a lower temperature. A control HMA was prepared with extracted aggregates and PG (performance grade) 64-28 binder at 150°C. Another HMA was produced with PG 52-28 binder at 135°C. Two WMA mixes were prepared with Sasobit H8 at 125°C, one with PG 52-28 and the other with PG 42-42 binder. Samples with design asphalt content were compacted by using 75 gyrations of the Superpave gyratory compactor. Their voids, tensile strength at −10°C, rutting potential at 60°C, and moduli at 0°C, 25°C, and 40°C (at different times) were determined and compared. The moduli samples were subjected to 60°C in between the tests. The results show that it is possible to produce mixes with 75% RAP with similar air voids as virgin mixes at lower than conventional temperatures using 1.5% Sasobit. The addition of a significantly lower grade of binder, PG 42-42, at a rate of 1.5% by weight of mix produced a mix that is most comparable with a virgin mix.
Artificial Neural Network Modeling of the Rainfall‐Runoff Process

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a flexible mathematical structure which is capable of identifying complex nonlinear relationships between input and output data sets. ANN models have been found useful and efficient, particularly in problems for which the characteristics of the processes are difficult to describe using physical equations. This study presents a new procedure (entitled linear least squares simplex, or LLSSIM) for identifying the structure and parameters of three-layer feed forward ANN models and demonstrates the potential of such models for simulating the nonlinear hydrologic behavior of watersheds. The nonlinear ANN model approach is shown to provide a better representation of the rainfall-runoff relationship of the medium-size Leaf River basin near Collins, Mississippi, than the linear ARMAX (autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs) time series approach or the conceptual SAC-SMA (Sacramento soil moisture accounting) model. Because the ANN approach presented here does not provide models that have physically realistic components and parameters, it is by no means a substitute for conceptual watershed modeling. However, the ANN approach does provide a viable and effective alternative to the ARMAX time series approach for developing input-output simulation and forecasting models in situations that do not require modeling of the internal structure of the watershed.
1991 ice jamming along the Saint John River: a case study

During April 1991, major and damaging ice jams formed on the Saint John River at Dickey, Maine, and at Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska, New Brunswick. Field investigations included the measurement of five water surface profiles along the ice jam at Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska and of shear wall heights at both Dickey and Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska after the jams had released. These measurements were supplemented by considerable information from local observers and data collection agencies. Following a description of freeze-up and winter conditions, and a chronology of 1991 breakup events, the available data were analyzed according to current ice jam theory. Using a simplified equilibrium analysis and taking into account discharge and channel characteristics, the 1991 Dickey ice jam thickness and water level were calculated and were in general agreement with observed values. In the case of the Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska jam, sufficient data were obtained for application and calibration of the numerical model RIVJAM which.
Dynamic Actions on Bridge Slabs due to Heavy Vehicle Impact on Roadside Barriers

The use of roadside safety barriers in Italy has changed in recent years: the number of installed devices has increased, and so have their stiffness and resistance. These changes were necessary because early barrier design was inadequate to contain and redirect heavy vehicles. The change in barrier design led to an increase in stiffness and resistance; consequently, the action transferred to the structure by the device increased. The need for resistance on the bridge slabs can be too high because the peculiar action of the roadside barriers was not adequately taken into account in the oldest bridge design codes. In addition, characterizing the actions transferred to the bridge slab is difficult because of the dynamic nature of vehicle impacts on roadside barriers. Given the impossibility of performing a full-scale laboratory test for every bridge deck, the use of computational mechanics applied to dynamic impact/interaction problems is one of the best ways to establish these actions in the project phase. Research was conducted into the use of a three-dimensional finite element model of the bridge slab-barrier-vehicle system to perform a numerical simulation of the impact, according to the procedure used for the roadside barrier homologation crash test, described in the European Standard EN 1317.
Designing the design engineer

The modern engineering curriculum has evolved to be heavily weighted with science and analysis. Recent concern with the need for instruction in design has led to the introduction of capstone design courses. These courses give the student an opportunity to produce a design, using the scientific principles and analytic methods learned previously. However, students are often thrown into such a course with little preliminary instruction on design methods. Though much of our early understanding of design consisted of broad generalities combined with sets of unrelated, uncodified tips and pointers, there is now a growing body of rigorous knowledge, first suggested 20 years ago, that might be called the science of design. This material is primarily related to techniques for generating, evaluating, and selecting among alternatives. Development of this science must be continued, but its incorporation into the curriculum should not wait for its perfection. Many of its components can and should be taught now, prepar.
A Low-Cost Electric Field Energy Harvester for an MV/HV Asset-Monitoring Smart Sensor

This paper investigates the powering of smart grid sensors with electric fields (E-fields) present in abundance near most medium-voltage to high-voltage (MV/HV) utility assets. A unique E-field energy harvester is proposed, which is integrated into a sensor's enclosure, thereby ensuring low-cost and compact size. The proposed energy harvester can be used with multiple assets by virtue of its shape, which also allows installation without interruption of the MV/HV asset. Design methodology of the harvester through Maxwell simulations along with a new and efficient circuit design for obtaining a regulated dc supply is presented. A medium-voltage prototype of the proposed E-field energy harvester integrated with a wireless voltage sensor is built and tested on a 35-kV bus. The prototype provides 17 mW of continuous power at 35 kV with a high energy density. This power is enough to operate a low-duty-cycle sensor node stuck on to an MV/HV asset. The prototype shows promising results and demonstrates the efficacy of using E-fields for powering smart grid sensors for MV/HV assets.
Economic injury level and crop loss assessment for Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on different tomato cultivars

Specifying the relationship between pests and their host plants in terms of damage is one of the basic concepts of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. The crop loss and economic injury level (EIL) of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) were determined on different tomato cultivars using gain threshold (field experiment) and regression (semi‐field experiment) methods. By assessing the crop loss in 2015 and 2016, four out of seven infested tomato cultivars had a significant yield loss in terms of weight of total fruits versus the control under the open‐field conditions. However, the total number of tomato cultivars had no significant difference to control treatment. The semi‐field experiment included six treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 gravid females/plant) and examined two tomato cultivars. The tomato cages with between 6 and 10 gravid females/plant showed the highest number and weight of damaged fruits. Based on pesticide control costs, the market value of tomato and the control efficacy, we determined the EIL for T. absoluta. In the field experiment, the EIL value for T. absoluta on “Petomech,” “Cal JN3,” “Rio Grande” and “Early Urbana Y” cultivars was 4.15, 4.47, 4.70 and 5.04 larvae per plant, respectively. Based on regression equations, we calculated the EIL values for T. absoluta on “Cal JN3” and “Early Urbana Y” to be 4.75 and 5.44 larvae/plant, respectively. Crop loss assessment and EIL are necessary components of cost‐effective IPM programs and can be effective tools for making decisions about the application of pesticides against T. absoluta.
Innovation decision making in British manufacturing SMEs

Reports the product innovation activities of 30 British manufacturing SMEs, all with aggressive growth ambitions. Shows that ten of these companies meet their aims by repeatedly introducing innovative new products that open up new market niches, which they successfully exploit. This is seen to contrast with the remaining, larger group that performs less well by introducing incremental improvement products into their current markets only. A longitudinal study identifies managerial approaches typical to the more successful group. These include a multi‐functional approach to decision making and the use of market and competitor analysis in strategic product planning. This is supported by effective cross company communication of decisions and plans. Concludes that this combination of approaches offers ambitious small firms a potentially powerful competitive advantage over their larger rivals.
The need for trust relationships to enable successful virtual team collaboration in software outsourcing

This paper explores the significance and the challenges of trust in offshore outsourcing relationships, which rely to a high degree on virtual team members, transcending time, space and culture. The challenges are highlighted by integrating recent literature concerning outsourcing, virtual teams, culture, and interpersonal and organisational trust. In order to investigate these challenges empirically, we assimilate the results from a field study concerning the synchronous and asynchronous virtual collaboration of software engineering team members from three countries. Experiments and surveys are also carried out in a virtual student environment. Our findings reveal that trust is culture bound and therefore calls for cultural awareness and special precautions. The advantages gained in outsourcing relationships that could demonstrate trust between partners are improved communication, enhanced capabilities of problem solving and decision making, improved efficiency and quality outcomes, as well as the mitigation of opportunistic behaviour. The study raises a number of issues, to be explored and debated by future research.
Method of Reliability-Based Seismic Design. II: Calibration of Code Parameters

This is the second part of a two-part investigation on the method of a reliability-based seismic design. To account for large uncertainties in structural design under seismic load, a method of calibration of the design parameters in seismic codes is proposed based on the consideration of satisfactory performance under future earthquakes in terms of reliability. The calibration is carried out by a minimization of the difference between target and actual reliabilities against serviceability and ultimate limit states over a given period of time. The response surface method (RSM) in conjunction with a central composite design is used to expedite the minimization solution process. To reduce the computational effort required for reliability evaluation under seismic loads, the equivalent nonlinear system (ENS) developed in part I is used for dynamic-response analysis of multi–degree-of-freedom (MDOF) inelastic structures. Numerical examples on the calibration of the earthquake load factor and drift limit for selected target limit-state probabilities are given. Parametric studies are also carried out to examine the dependence of these parameters on the target reliability levels against both serviceability and ultimate limit states.
Comparing Manned and Automated Horizontal Handling Equipment at Container Terminals

The choice to use horizontal handling transport in automated container terminals is not fully consistent in comparison with the automation of stacking cranes at the storage yard. Often the decision of whether to use an automated system between the berth and the yard area is not clear, and terminal operators tend not to use automated systems. The goal of this paper is to provide an economic analysis to determine under which conditions automated horizontal transport is more efficient than a semiautomated system. The study provided several simulation models to calculate the optimal equipment necessary to connect storage and berth subsystems in a maritime container terminal in fully automated and semiautomated scenarios. Data from the semiautomated container terminal at the Port of Barcelona, Spain, were used. In addition to the cost analysis, guidelines on the best alternative, considering labor costs, throughput movements per quay crane and year, and quay crane productivity are provided.
Strategic Market Relationships: From Strategy to Implementation

Preface. About the Authors. Acknowledgements. Part 1: Relationship strategy. Chapter 1. Introduction to strategic market relationships. Chapter 2 Relationship-based theories. Chapter 3 Relationship Planning and Development. Chapter 4 Relationship Types. Chapter 5 Networks. Part 2: Relationship Implementation. Chapter 6 Organising for Relationships Chapter 7 People and Relationships Chapter 8 Customer Relationship Management Chapter 9 Relationship communication with a special focus on building relationships through brands and electronic relationships. Chapter 10 Channel Relationships Chapter 11 Innovation through Relationships Chapter 12 Relationship internationalisation. Chapter 13 Relationship Costs and Value Chapter 14 Strategic market relationships: a final word. References. Index.
Relationship Principal Leadership to Work Motivation, Morale Teacher and Teacher Performance of State Junior High Schools

This study aims to Describe the Principal Leadership, work motivation, morale and teacher performance in State Middle Schools in the East Banjarmasin sub-district of Banjarmasin City. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The total population of this study is 122 teachers of SMP Negeri East Banjarmasin, Banjarmasin City, sampling uses the sample proportional ran-dom sampling technique, the data is collected using questionnaires. Analysis data uses a Likert scale model. Reliability analysis was calculated by the Cronbach Alpha formula The results of the study show that: (1) An overview of the leadership of the principal in a Public Middle School in the East Banjarmasin sub-district of Banjarmasin City The highest average value is 4.63, the lowest average value is 4.32. (2) The picture of motivation has the highest average value of 4.78 and the lowest average value of 4.39. (3) The description of the teacher's work spirit has the highest average value of 4.71 and the lowest average value of 2.18. (4) An overview of the performance of teachers has the highest average value of 4.74 and the lowest average value of 4.39. (5) There is a significant relationship between the leadership of the principal and the motivation of the work. (6) There is a significant relationship between the leadership of the principal and the working morale. (7) Principal leadership is directly related significantly to the performance of teachers. (8) There is a direct relationship between work
EFFECT OF THE ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF POMEGRANATE PEELS ON CANDIDA ALBICANS RESISTANT TO ANTIFUNGALS COMPOUNDS

This study was approved due to women high exposed to reproductive infection, so that 75 samples were collected from vagina swab and/or urine (50 vaginal swabs and 25 urine sample) all these samples collected from women suffer from vaginal and/or urinary tract infections (UTI). The results summarized by 41 case infected with fungal microorganism and 34 case infected with another microorganism (did not infected with fungal disease). In the same time the results showed that the highest rate of infection at the age of 25-35 years 51.24%, 26,82% in age 35-45, 12,19 in age 45-55 and the lowest rate of infection was at the age of more than 55 years 9.75% . The results showed the main microorganism was responsible for vaginal infection and UTI was C. albicans, seven from these isolates were resistant to fluconazole and one isolate were resistant to six antifungals (Fluconazole, Voriconazol, Caspofugin, Micafugin, Amphotericin B and Flucytosine).
Nondestructive Evaluation System for White Ginseng Quality Using Image Processing Technique

A real-time white ginseng quality evaluation system based on a machine vision technique and artificial neural networks was developed to replace the current manual grading and its efficiency was tested. The system consisted of conveyor, image acquisition system synchronized with a sample-detecting sensor, and image processing and decision-making system. Software running under Windows system was developed. The algorithm included three consecutive stages of (a) image acquisition and preprocessing, (b) mathematical feature extraction, and (c) grade decision using artificial neural networks. Mathematical features such as area ratio, mean and standard deviation of gray level, skewness of gray level histogram, and the number of run segment, were extracted from five equally divided parts of a specimen. An artificial neural network model was used to classify samples into three grading categories. The grading error of the system was about 26%, which is comparable to the 30% in case of manual grading. The grading rate was one sample per a second.
Environmental Reporting of Market Leaders: An Analysis

In the light of global warming and environmental concerns across the globe, environmental accounting and reporting has now become an emerging reality and necessity of the corporate world. Considering the same, the present paper is based on an exploratory study carried out to have an understanding of the nature and extent of environmental reporting practices followed by the market leaders (MLs). An attempt has been made to analyse the annual reports of the selected companies in order to examine their environmental disclosure practices with reference to the type of the disclosure, section where such disclosure is made and the extent of mandatory and voluntary disclosures made. An index of environmental disclosure, listing 23 items of information, was constructed after surveying the literature to find out the nature of disclosure practices in these companies. This index was further sub-divided into three groups to find out the thrust of environmental disclosures by the sample companies. It was found that majority of the MLs reported the mandatory environmental information in the ‘Director's Report’, whereas the voluntary information was disclosed either in the ‘Highlights’ or in the ‘Dedicated Section’ of the annual report, followed by the ‘Management Discussion Analysis’ and the ‘Corporate Governance Report’ sections. A growing trend of reporting environmental information voluntarily was observed. Almost all the MLs have had environmental management systems in place by 2013. All except one ML prepared the business responsibility report, as mandated by the Securities Exchange Board of India. Further, neither the firm nor the governance characteristics had any significant impact on the environmental performance of the MLs. Hence, it was concluded that steps taken by the MLs towards environmental conservation was independent of board independence, size, leverage or profitability and that MLs were committed to the cause of environmental sustainability.
University students’ perspective on blended learning

This research project explored students’ perspective of the appropriate mix of online and face-to-face activities in a master’s programme in library and information science at an Australian university. Identifying aspects that students evaluate as supportive, challenging and efficient in their learning is important for the design of an appropriate mix in blended learning courses. Twenty-three master’s students responded to a questionnaire containing 40 open-ended and closed questions. Applying both statistical and content analysis provides a deeper understanding of students’ responses. Students like the flexibility and the convenience of online learning, but also the possibilities that derive from face-to-face interaction with teachers and peers for building personal learning networks. Students expect equal quality from all forms of learning delivery and were critical of the quality of online participation and lecture recordings. Blended learning is an approach that supports a range of learning styles and life styles.
THE IMPACT OF CHANGING THE GRANULARITY OF PREFERENCE-INTENSITY INFORMATION ON THE ONLINE COMPENSATION ELECTION

This study investigates the effect of a change in the granularity of preference intensity information available to voters on their voting behavior in an online referendum with options to express preference intensities and receive compensation. We find that a decrease in the granularity of the real preference intensity information about others does not affect voting behavior and the referendum’s compensation outcomes We discuss the implications of these results and possible future directions for research.