Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leave against Medical Advice in Children: Rural Indian Perspective.

OBJECTIVES To determine the burden and etiological factors of leave against medical advice (LAMA) in Indian children. METHODOLOGY In this prospective study, legal guardians of 528 patients who took the decision of LAMA were interviewed (using structured question answers based multi-option) and data were captured over a period of 16 months. The resultant database was analyzed using standard statistical methods. RESULTS About 6.12% of childhood LAMA cases were dealt out of total pediatric admission including newborns. Neonatal preponderance noted in cases of LAMA from intensive care unit (ICU; 57.14%, p < 0.05). The overall male (n = 293) to female (n = 235) ratio in this study was 1.25:1. Number of LAMA patients was higher from rural area (83.33%), mostly admitted in ICU (93.65%, Pearson's chi-squared test, p < 0.05). Higher proportion (29.47%) of patients with infection availed LAMA from neonatal age group but overall LAMA patients fall under category of respiratory disorders (22.35%). Interest of the domestics issues other than suffering child was considered primary during LAMA for those admitted in ward as compared with ICU patients [odds ratio (OR): 1.73, CI: 1.02-2.94, p < 0.05]. ICU patients were reportedly to be taken to private health care facility (OR: 1.93, CI: 1.06-3.49, p < 0.05). Duration of stay before taking LAMA from ward was <7 days (85.59%, OR: 0.19, CI: 0.11-0.35, p < 0.05). Upper-lower socio-economic class attributed financial constraint as the main reason for LAMA (Pearson's chi-squared test, Chi-square value: 152.23, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study tried to elucidate the determinants of childhood LAMA in rural Indian setting.
PHOTOINHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN NATURAL WATERS*

Abstract— A quantitative analysis of the wavelength‐dependent influence of solar irradiance on natural phytoplankton photosynthesis has been made. The effect on productivity due to several different UV radiation regimes has been measured. In the course of this analysis, it has been shown that the biological weighting function for photoinhibition of chloroplasts (Jones and Kok, 1966) allows the calculation of a biologically effective dose which is consistent with the measured photoinhibition in natural phytoplankton populations. The ecological implications of a change in available UV radiation, possibly due to anthropogenic altering of the ozone layer, are explored and it is found that the present static bottle l4C technique of measuring in situ phytoplankton productivity does not lend itself to assessing accurately the potential ecological consequences of possible increased MUV (middle ultraviolet radiation in the 280–340 nm region) on phytoplankton populations. A small change in MUV has a relatively minor effect on photoinhibition dose rates whereas it has a large potential effect on DNA dose rates.
Effect of Varying Concentration of Auxins and Stem Length on Growth and Development of Jatropha curcas L.

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of varying hormonal treatments and length of cuttings of clonal materials on the sprouting and rooting abilities of Jatropha curcas L. Two stem cutting lengths: 30cm and 60cm were pre-treated with two types of auxins: Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) at four concentration levels: 0 (control), 100, 150 and 200mgl -1 . The experiment was a factorial laid as randomized complete block design. Results showed that cutting length and hormone concentration had significant effect (P<0.05) on all parameters. The 60cm cuttings performed better than the 30cm cuttings in terms of sprouting, rooting and plant biomass accumulation. The untreated cuttings (control) showed better development than those treated with NAA and IBA. Significant interaction effects were observed between the cutting length and hormone concentration for all parameters (p<0.05). The 60cm cuttings performed better when untreated with hormone while 30cm cuttings performed best when treated with IBA at 200mgl-1. Hence, 60 cm untreated cuttings could probably be used for large scale propagation of J. curcas while 30cm cuttings required hormonal treatment for high performance. Keywords : Jatropha, cuttings, auxins, stem length, concentration
Study on Treatment of M-Cresol Wastewater Using Potassium Ferrate(VI)

The effects of the oxidation of potassium ferrate and the flocculation on cresol wastewater water were evaluated. This research aimed at determining the optimum conditions for the COD removal rate duing cresol wastewater water process. The results showed that potassium ferrate dosage of 1.1g/L, the pH value of 5, reaction time 15min, m-cresol initial concentration of 200 mg/L were the optimum conditions. Under the optimum conditions, COD removal rate was over 67%.
RELATION OF PLANT WATER STATUS TO SOYBEAN GROWTH

Soybeans were grown under three soil water regimes at Stuttgart, Ark. during the 1975 growing season. Plant development parameters were monitored periodically throughout the season as were several weather, soil, and plant water parameters; yields were recorded at harvest. Xylem pressure potentials (ψx) were inversely correlated with pan evaporation, and the correlation varied with growth stage and irrigation regime. Pan evaporation had a greater effect on ψx in the irrigated plots than on the nonirrigated plots and had a greater effect during bloom stage than during the vegetative growth stage. Diurnal shifts in ψx were observed, with the midday stresses becoming greater as the season progressed. The stresses were manifest in the crop growth parameters at the onset of the reproductive stages, with an increase in height, dry weight, and leaf area index of the irrigated beans over the nonirrigated beans.
Determination of Volatiles in Mouse Urine by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

The extraction and determination of volatile compounds in mice urine were performed using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In order to optimize the extraction conditions, experimental design was applied. A sample volume of 108 µl, a temperature of 148.6°C, and a time of 94 minutes were found to be the optimal conditions. Samples of male and female mouse urine were analyzed to determine volatile compound profiles. A total of 36 organic compounds including ketones, aldehydes, and terpenes were detected. The results revealed that compounds such as 2-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole, which is considered a male sexual pheromone, were only detected in male urine samples, whereas others like benzaldehyde were especially abundant in female mouse urine. A comparison of female samples corresponding to different stages of the estrous cycle was also performed.
ESTIMATING AVAILABLE WATER‐HOLDING CAPACITY OF WESTERN NIGERIAN SOILS FROM SOIL TEXTURE AND BULK DENSITY, USING CORE AND SIEVED SAMPLES

Using core and sieved soil at −1/3 and −15 bar matric potentials, we determined water retention on a number of western Nigerian soils and related it by predictive equations to soil textural separates and bulk density (BD). We obtained the soils from forested and cultivated croplands over 12 sites selected in the sedimentary and basement complex regions to give a representative range of soil textures and bulk densities. Water retention at −1/3 bar by core was estimated by functions of sand and BD with a minimum standard error (SE) of 1.70% and for sieved soil by functions of silt and clay (SE of 1.36%). Clay content alone predicts the −15 bar water (SE of 0.70% and r2 = 0.93). Available water-storage capacity (AWSC), expressed on a gravimetric basis by the core method, can be predicted with an SE of 1.54% by the regression equation AWSC = 14.01 + 0.03 (silt x clay) – 8.78(BD) (r2 = 0.83), which is related to sieved soil AWSC by the following equation with SE of 1.00% (r2 = 0.92): AWSCcore = 14.04 + 1.07(AWSCsieved) – 9.46(BD) + 0.14(sand).
Three-dimensional dental topography and feeding ecology in the extinct cave bear

The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus s.l.) was an iconic extinct bear that inhabited the Pleistocene of Eurasia. The cause of extinction of this species is unclear and to identify the actual factors, it is crucial to understand its feeding preferences. Here, we quantified the shape descriptor metrics in three-dimensional (3D) models of the upper teeth (P4–M2) of the cave bear to make inferences about its controversial feeding behaviour. We used comparative samples, including representatives of all living bear species with known diets, as a template. Our topographic analyses show that the complexity of upper tooth rows in living bears is more clearly associated with the mechanical properties of the items consumed than with the type of food. Cave bears exhibit intermediate values on topographic metrics compared with the bamboo-feeder giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and specialists in hard mast consumption (Ursus arctos and Ursus thibetanus). The crown topography of cave bear upper teeth suggests that they could chew on tough vegetal resources of low quality with high efficiency, a characteristic that no living bear currently displays. Our results align with a climate-driven hypothesis to explain the extinction of cave bear populations during the Late Pleistocene.
Do sex hormones at birth predict later-life economic preferences? Evidence from a pregnancy birth cohort study

Economic preferences may be shaped by exposure to sex hormones around birth. Prior studies of economic preferences and numerous other phenotypic characteristics use digit ratios (2D : 4D), a purported proxy for prenatal testosterone exposure, whose validity has recently been questioned. We use direct measures of neonatal sex hormones (testosterone and oestrogen), measured from umbilical cord blood (n = 200) to investigate their association with later-life economic preferences (risk preferences, competitiveness, time preferences and social preferences) in an Australian cohort (Raine Study Gen2). We find no significant associations between testosterone at birth and preferences, except for competitiveness, where the effect runs opposite to the expected direction. Point estimates are between 0.05–0.09 percentage points (pp) and 0.003–0.14 s.d. We similarly find no significant associations between 2D : 4D and preferences (n = 533, point estimates 0.003–0.02 pp and 0.001–0.06 s.d.). Our sample size allows detecting effects larger than 0.11 pp or 0.22 s.d. for testosterone at birth, and 0.07 pp or 0.14 s.d. for 2D : 4D (α = 0.05 and power = 0.90). Equivalence tests show that most effects are unlikely to be larger than these bounds. Our results suggest a reinterpretation of prior findings relating 2D : 4D to economic preferences, and highlight the importance of future large-sample studies that permit detection of small effects.
Know Thine Enemy: Predator Identity Influences the Response of Western Banded Geckos (Coleonyx variegatus) to Chemosensory Cues

Abstract. Most animals have predators, and therefore must balance the needs of foraging and mating with those of shelter and safety. Many species rely on chemosensory cues to identify predators and organize defenses specific to particular types of predators. A large body of research in this area has focused on lizards and snakes because they have heightened chemical senses and have been shown to identify predators using chemical cues alone. We designed an experiment to examine the antipredator behavior of a common desert-dwelling nocturnal lizard, the Banded Gecko (Coleonyx variegatus), towards snake predators that use different hunting techniques: active-hunting Glossy Snakes (Arizona elegans) and ambush-hunting rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes). We exposed Banded Geckos to chemical cues from these two predators and measured a series of behavioral responses including tail displays, time spent investigating chemical cues while actively moving, and time spent in refugia. Geckos exhibited clear antipredator behaviors toward both snakes but spent more time actively moving in response to glossy snake cues. Because rattlesnakes use ambush strategies to capture prey whereas glossy snakes are active searchers, remaining in place while assessing rattlesnake cues is probably less risky than when assessing glossy snake cues. Our findings indicate that Banded Geckos can not only discriminate among different predatory snake species based on chemical cues alone, but they also appear to adjust their antipredator responses in a predator-specific manner.
Testing the Functionality of Lipids from Feces in the Conspecific Recognition of the Weeping Lizard, Liolaemus chiliensis

Abstract. Pheromones, a mix of proteins and lipids, are involved in lizards' conspecific recognition. In our study, we specifically address whether fecal lipids are involved in conspecific recognition of the Weeping Lizard, Liolaemus chiliensis. The feces of each sex were dissolved in n-hexane to isolate their lipidic fraction. We then exposed individuals of both sexes of L. chiliensis to the lipidic fractions of each sex and a control (n-hexane), recording their responses. Lizards of both sexes were more active when exposed to the lipids from male than from female feces or from the control, suggesting that the lipidic fraction of male feces conveys some information for conspecific recognition. There was, however, no further evidence of recognition, and herein we offer possible explanations for this low responsiveness to the fecal lipidic fractions.
Violations of the Clausius–Duhem inequality in Couette flows of granular media

Spontaneous violations of the Clausius–Duhem (CD) inequality in Couette-type collisional flows of model granular media are studied. Planar systems of monosized circular discs (with disc numbers from 10 to 204, and disc diameters from 0.001 m to 1 m) with frictional-Hookean contacts are simulated under periodic boundary conditions by a molecular dynamics. The scale-dependent homogenization of micropolar media is used to determine the energy balances and mechanical entropy production. The dissipation function exhibits spontaneous negative entropy increments described by the fluctuation theorem. The boundary between violations and non-violations of the CD inequality is mapped in the parameter space, where the probability of such events diminishes with the disc diameter, the disc number and the area fraction increasing. The dissipation function is a random process, tending to Gaussian as the number of discs increases, and possessing non-trivial fractal and anti-persistent Hurst properties.
Megaraptorid (Theropoda: Tetanurae) Partial Skeletons from the Upper Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Formation of Central Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for the Evolution of Large Body Size in Gondwanan MegaraptoranS

ABSTRACT We describe two partial postcranial skeletons belonging to the enigmatic theropod dinosaur clade Megaraptoridae from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Cenomanian–upper Turonian) Bajo Barreal Formation of southern Chubut Province, central Patagonia, Argentina. The specimens are assigned to Megaraptoridae due to their possession of multiple anatomical features that are considered synapomorphies of that predatory dinosaur group, such as a greatly enlarged, laterally compressed ungual of manual digit I that possesses asymmetrical lateral and medial vascular grooves. Overlapping elements of the two skeletons are nearly identical in morphology, suggesting that they probably represent the same taxon, a large-bodied theropod that was previously unknown from the early Late Cretaceous of southern South America. The Bajo Barreal specimens constitute the most ancient unquestionable records of Megaraptoridae from that continent, and exhibit particularly strong osteological resemblances to penecontemporaneous megaraptorids from the Winton Formation of Australia. Phylogenetic analysis recovers the unnamed Bajo Barreal taxon as the earliest-diverging South American megaraptorid and the oldest-known representative of this clade that likely attained a body length of at least seven meters and a mass of at least one metric ton. Overall, the balance of the evidence suggests that megaraptorids originated in eastern Gondwana (Australia) during the Early Cretaceous, then subsequently dispersed to western Gondwana (South America) during the mid-Cretaceous, where they attained substantially larger body sizes, ultimately coming to occupy the apex predator niches in their respective habitats.
Exact model calculations of the total radial distribution functions for the X‐ray diffraction case and systems of complicated chemical composition

An algorithm to simulate the radial distribution functions (RDFs) for systems of complex chemical composition is presented which takes into account the exact formulae of the RDF theory in the case of X-ray diffraction. The representation of the partial RDFs of the structural models by histograms allows the method to be used for a wide set of models, for example structures generated with stochastic simulations like the Monte Carlo method. The sensitivity of the results in relation to histogram step size and histogram noise is investigated. A step size of about half the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the partial RDF peaks is sufficiently small to make the algorithm reasonably insensitive to the particular step size and to histogram noise. A solution is proposed to calculate the RDF for powders of nanocrystalline particles with complex structures, for which not all interatomic distances can be defined accurately.
Information Overload and the Entrepreneurs’ Behaviour: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

Undoubtedly, the entrepreneur is the key to the initiation of the entrepreneurial process and firm performance. Since entrepreneurs vary in their background and abilities, researchers have examined the factors impacting their performance. Previous results show that personality characteristics and self-efficacy of entrepreneurs had a positive impact on their performance. In this study, we consider that entrepreneurs’ self-efficacy (ESE) is a multi-dimensional concept and identify six inherent dimensions. Further, we include two other variables that have not received adequate attention in the literature so far, namely, entrepreneurial information overload (EIO) and entrepreneurs’ human resources management (HRM) behaviour. To undertake empirical analysis, we developed a conceptual framework that proposes a negative impact of entrepreneurial information overload on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurs’ HRM behaviour. Responses from 403 entrepreneurs of a large emerging economy were subjected to path-based multiple regression analysis. The results reveal that information overload has a direct impact on all the ESE dimensions, except on planning tasks. Although there is no direct effect of EIO on entrepreneurs’ HRM behaviour, there is an indirect effect through the mediating role of ESE. These results suggest the need for appropriate strategies to help entrepreneurs to deal with information overload and ways to improve specific dimensions of ESE as necessary. Further, this study provides a platform for empirical research for future studies.
Atributos químicos do solo e produtividade de girassol e milho em função da aplicação de composto de lixo urbano

The use of composted urban waste as a source of nutrients in agriculture is an economic alternative for discarding this material. However, due to the diversity of materials that compose this waste, long term studies on its effects on soil chemical attributes and crop yield are necessary. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of urban waste compost (UWC) as a fertilizer for sunflower and maize crops, as well as its effects on the chemical attributes of an Oxisol. A field experiment, with UWC doses of 0 Mg ha -1 , 10 Mg ha -1 , 20 Mg ha -1 , 30 Mg ha -1 and 40 Mg ha -1 and mineral fertilization according to the recommendation for each crop, was carried out. The results showed an increase in soil pH from 6 to 6.5, with the UWC application. The soil potential acidity decreased linearly from 3.0 cmol c dm -3 to 2.4 cmol c dm -3 , contributing to the SMP index increase, what reflected on the increase of the soil cation exchange capacity. The bases saturation increased from 77% to 85%, mainly due to the increase in calcium and magnesium levels. The use of UWC resulted in sunflower grain yield similar to that for mineral fertilization, at 10 Mg ha -1 , 20 Mg ha -1 and 30 Mg ha -1 , being significantly higher at 40 Mg ha -1 . The maize grain yield at or above 20 Mg ha -1 of UWC did not differ from the mineral fertilization. The UWC presented potential to replace the mineral fertilization for sunflower and maize crops.
Plasma chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbon films: The influence of hydrocarbon source gas on the film properties

Hydrocarbon films were prepared by electron cyclotron resonance plasma deposition from different hydrocarbon source gases at varying ion energies. The source gases used were the saturated hydrocarbons CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10 (n- and iso-) and the unsaturated hydrocarbons C2H4 and C2H2 as well as mixtures of these gases with hydrogen. Film deposition was analyzed in situ by real-time ellipsometry, and the resulting films ex situ by ion-beam analysis. On the basis of the large range of deposition parameters investigated, the correlation between hydrocarbon source gas, deposition parameters, and film properties was determined. The film properties are found to be influenced over a wide range not only by the energy of the impinging ions, but also by the choice of source gas. This is in contrast to a widely accepted study where no dependence of the film properties on the source gas was observed, this being ascribed to a “lost-memory effect. ” A strong correlation was found between the hydrogen content of the film.
Developing a Conceptual and Measurement Framework of Organizational Socialization, Authentic Leadership, and Affective Commitment for Construction Professionals

The critical success factors in construction project are no more confined to technical skills, rather people management skills and leadership skills are more important. Researchers in the past have assessed various human resources (HR) and organizational behavior–related factors responsible for project success in the construction sector. However, not much has been done in assessing the role of socialization and leadership towards commitment among construction professionals. Therefore, this study aims to explore the constructs of socialization, leadership, and commitment in the construction industry. The article outlines the conceptual relationship between the domains of: organizational socialization (OS)—training (TR), understanding (UN), coworker support (CS), and future prospects (FP); authentic leadership (AL); and affective commitment (AC). The study further outlines the factor structure of the constructs through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Conceptually, there exists a positive relationship between the domains of socialization and AC. Also, the article proposes a moderating role of AL in the above relationships. The present study is the first of its kind in the Indian construction industry context to propose a framework that can be further used to determine the critical organizational factors responsible for maintaining the commitment of professionals working in the construction industry.