Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The tectonic and geologic framework of the Mongo area, a segment of the Pan-African Guera Massif in Central Chad: evidences from field observations and remote sensing

Field and remote sensing based investigations were carried out to establish the main lithologic and structural features of the basement rocks outcropping around the Mongo area, Central Chad, related to the Guera Massif inferred to be part of the Pan-African orogeny. The main results allowed the distinction of four groups of rocks, based on relative chronology, affected by four deformation phases. (i) The first group, comprised of gabbroic rocks, emplaced before the crystallization of (ii) diorites, granodiorites, and hornblende-biotite granites (granite I), followed by (iii) the emplacement of two micas granites (granites II), intruded by (iv) discordant last stage biotite granites (granites III). Relative to the third deformation phase D3, responsible of the development of NNE-SSW to ENE-WSW trending shear zones, the first two groups of rocks are described as pre-tectonic, while the two micas granites are syntectonic and the fine-grained biotite granites, discordant in respect to S3 foliation plans, are post-tectonic. D1 and D2 deformation phases affected both Group 1 and Group 2, but are lacking from the two micas and the biotite granites. In contrast, the last deformation phase D4 is ubiquitous and responsible of brittle structures, comprising dykes, faults and diaclases. These new data on the lithology and structure of the Guera Massif are discussed in terms on their bearing on the Pan-African orogeny, in particular for the Saharan Metacraton, to which it may no longer be associated, raising the issue of the boundaries of this enigmatic remobilized continental crust.
Community succession in hydrothermal vent habitats of the Eastern Lau Spreading Center and Valu Fa Ridge, Tonga

Patterns of succession in Lau Basin hydrothermal vent communities determined with high‐resolution imagery and in situ physico—chemical data collected over 4 yr and analyzed within a Geographic Information System show that Alviniconcha snails are a pioneering group, the snail Ifremeria nautilei is a mid‐successional species, and the heat‐intolerant mussel Bathymodiolus brevior dominates when venting declines. The associated fauna also changes as communities progress through the successional stages, and eventually non‐vent—endemic deep‐sea species appear when venting has mostly subsided. This is a unique example of primary succession in which the primary producers form symbiotic associations with mobile animals, resulting in successional patterns not observed in other systems. I. nautilei dominates newly formed substrates or venting sources where both I. nautilei and Alviniconcha spp. are already established (e.g., by migration), while Alviniconcha spp. seem to be better at colonizing newly active vents (e.g., by settlement) that are remote from colonized vents. Thus, on the scale of a 5–39 m2 diffuse flow area or a single edifice, the mid‐successional species dominates new substrates instead of the pioneering group. These communities are remarkably stable over long time periods relative to other hydrothermal vent regions. In addition to the sequential replacements of species as sites age and overall conditions change, Lau vent animals track changes in vent fluids and relocate themselves when local hydrothermal plumbing changes over small spatial scales.
The Effect of Saffron Kozanis (Crocus sativus L.) Supplementation on Weight Management, Glycemic Markers and Lipid Profile in Adolescents with Obesity: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Global rates of adolescent obesity have led the World Health Organization to consider the disease a pandemic that needs focus. In search of new anti-obesity agents, Crocus sativus, popularly known as saffron, is a nutraceutical agent, praised for its beneficial effects. The study aimed to investigate the possible effect of Kozanis saffron administration on weight management of obese prediabetic adolescents. Seventy-four obese prediabetic adolescents participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of three arms, randomly assigned to receive either Kozanis saffron (n = 25, 60 mg/day), metformin (n = 25, 1000 mg/day) or a placebo (n = 24), for twelve weeks. Anthropometry, glycemic markers and lipid profiles were investigated at baseline and post-intervention. Saffron supplementation significantly reduced the weight z-score, BMI, BMI z-score and waist circumference (WC) of obese adolescents; however, this reduction was less significant compared to the effect of metformin. Metformin administration offered a significantly more profound improvement in anthropometry compared to saffron administration. Saffron administration also provided significant improvements in weight, weight z-scores, BMI values, BMI z-scores and WCs compared to the placebo. Saffron supplementation failed to change any glycemic marker, but provided a significant reduction in fasting triglyceride levels and also a significant increase in fasting HDL levels. Saffron Kozanis constitutes a promising nutraceutical option for adolescents and children with obesity and prediabetes in need of weight management.
Assessing the accuracy of population estimation methods for vulture populations: a case study from the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India

Two resident and two local migratory vulture species are reported in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The early population estimates from the region are either scanty or crude. Vulture population estimation was performed using three different methods based on their breeding seasons and regional movements between 2019 and 2021. Road transect counts, nest counts, and carcass monitoring counts were used for population assessments. The road transect survey and nest site counting during the breeding season were conducted in all three years, while carcass monitoring was done in 2019 – 2020. For population estimation, three nest site colony counts were conducted for the resident Gyps bengalensis and for Gyps indicus. The other two methods, carcass monitoring and the road transect survey, were used for all four focal vulture species of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve – Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus, Neophron percnopterus and Sarcogyps calvus. Significant variation in vulture population count was observed with different assessment methods.
Investigating Islamic Business Ethics Practice Toward Millennial Muslim Generation

Islamic business ethics has the most basic purpose of a business, which is to benefit and take blessings from activities carried out by others who need it. This study aims to find out how the application of business ethics among the Muslim millennial generation is in accordance with business ethics in Islam. Later, it is hoped that the results of this paper can be used as a working concept (framework) or model for other business actors. The research was conducted in the form of a descriptive study using literature and research development based on the results of research that had been done previously. The results show that business actors among the Muslim millennial generation have implemented Islamic business ethics. In running a business or business activities, business people have understood and practiced the basic principles or values of Islam based on the Qur'an and Hadith. The application of business ethics in Islam includes several aspects, namely principles, prices, marketing (advertising or promotion), and production.
A Conceptual bridge where critical reflexivity meets the leadership warrior mystique archetype

The objective of this paper is to present a conceptual integration of critical reflexivity and leadership archetype theory to capture the traits and characteristics of leaders leading in extreme contexts. Casting a historiometric glance at wars, battles and conflicts led by women warriors alongside their men in Africa during the trans-Atlantic trade period in the 15th to the 19th century, this paper argues that there is no context where leadership qualities are more discernible and pivotal than in extreme contexts. The paper offers the dance metaphor and archetypes as a theoretical bridge and a tool to problematise leadership performance in extreme contexts. Dance as an operative metaphor makes visible the invisible virtuosity of a leader. The paper builds an argument that dance mobilises a visual expression of mental, emotional, spiritual and physical reflexivity. Epistemically, the paper take a stance that the warrior mystique archetypical energy of an effective leader is relative, and is imprinted in a leader’s “inner theatre” within cultural contexts facilitated by reflexivity capabilities. The paper concludes by demonstrating the contingent and fluid nature of leadership in extreme contexts, and how its practices enable the development of a special kind of nimbleness, agility, kinetic, intuitive, visual, mystique warrior leadership capabilities, required to lead influentially and impactfully in transformative and liberating ways.
Effect of Extraction Methods on Aroma Profile, Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Acceptability of Specialty Coffee Brews

Specialty coffees from various geographical origins were processed using different extraction methods. Four extraction techniques were employed: cold brew (CB), espresso (ES), French press (FR), and aeropress (AE). The potential health benefits of coffee brews were linked to their antioxidant activity, as determined by the DPPH assay, and total polyphenol content (TPC) measured through the Folin–Ciocalteu reducing-capacity assay. The Columbia (C) espresso coffee type (omni-roasting) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (86.31 ± 0.70) μmol/100 mL, with a TPC value of (44.41 ± 0.35) mg GAE/g. Quantitative analyses of caffeine and chlorogenic acid were conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The evaluation of coffee aroma profiles involved the application of headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and was complemented by sensory analysis following the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) standard protocol. The predominant volatile compounds found in all samples included furans, phenols, pyrazines, and terpenes. The EY espresso type (medium dark roasting) had the highest levels of most coffee volatiles. The C cold brew type (omni-roasting) was rated as the preferred coffee in terms of its sensory characteristics and flavour. In summary, ES and CB were found to be more effective extraction methods for the parameters assessed.
Generating Synthetic Training Images to Detect Split Defects in Stamped Components

Detecting rare and costly defects, such as necks and splits in sheet metal stamping, remains challenging for deep learning models due to low failure rates entailing few available samples to train on. Synthetic images provide a simulated alternative; however, the two main current approaches have limitations for generating split defect images. Image synthesis-based models generate implausible training data, while physics-based models are computationally expensive and lack the diversity required. To address this, we present a novel method combining the advantages of physics-based simulation with synthetic-based defect generation. The method first generates deformed 3-D geometry through finite element simulation with plausible split locations determined using a forming limit curve. Subsequently, the fine details of captured real splits are mapped to the identified locations to generate realistic defect features. Our results show that training a deep neural network with the addition of synthetic images improves the performance significantly.
When he smiles: Attractiveness preferences for male faces expressing emotions

Abstract Abstract The impact of sexual dimorphism on facial attractiveness has been controversial owing to contradictory results, particularly in studies on female preferences. Given that sexually dimorphic facial features, especially more masculine ones, have been previously related to the perception of anger, we investigated the bi-directional influence of emotional expressions and facial masculinity and explored their impact on women's preferences for facial masculinity. We confirmed the effect of facial sexual dimorphism on the perception of emotional cues (happiness and anger) and explored whether smiling or angry expressions influence women's perception of masculinity in male faces. Additionally, we examined women's preferences for emotionally expressive male faces altered along a continuum of masculinity. The results showed that masculinised faces are perceived as angrier, while feminised faces are perceived as happier (Experiment 1), and that angry faces are perceived as more masculine when compared with happy faces (Experiment 2). It is noteworthy that our Experiment 3 uncovered a pivotal finding: women prefer reduced feminisation in happy faces compared with neutral/angry faces. This suggests that the avoidance response observed towards masculinity is attenuated by a smiling expression. The current study introduces a new perspective to be considered when exploring the role of facial masculinity in women's attractiveness preferences.
Aging dysregulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation in response to HIV in blood and genital tissues

Women acquire HIV through sexual transmission, with increasing incidence in women >50 years old. Identifying protective mechanisms in the female genital tract (FGT) is important to prevent HIV-acquisition in women as they age. Human genital and blood neutrophils inactivate HIV by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), an innate protective mechanism against HIV-infection. However, how NET formation is triggered by HIV in different tissues and whether this mechanism is affected by aging remain unknown. We demonstrate that the mechanisms that trigger NET release in response to HIV are different in blood and genital tissues, and that NET release decreases with aging. In blood neutrophils, HIV stimulation independently activated calcium pathways and endosomal TLR8, but aging reduced calcium responses, resulting in delayed NET release. In contrast, calcium responses were absent in genital neutrophils and NET release was triggered preferentially through TLR8 activation, but aging impaired this pathway. HIV induced NET formation through non-lytic pathways in blood and FGT neutrophils, except for a small subset of NETs that incorporated annexin V and lactoferrin predominantly in blood, suggesting proinflammatory and lytic NET release. Our findings demonstrate that blood neutrophils cannot model genital neutrophil responses which has important implications to understanding protection against HIV acquisition.
Slab and Mantle Controls on the Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf Isotope Evolution of the Post 42 Ma Izu–Bonin Volcanic Arc

The arc outflux is a hybrid of material fluxes from slab, mantle and crustal sources, whose proportions and composition may vary through time. Here we investigate the causes of temporal variability in the post 42Ma eruptive products of the Izu^Bonin arc in the NW Pacific Ocean basin using Sr^Nd^Pb^Hf isotopes in combination with major and trace element systematics in mafic to evolved arc magmas. Following arc initiation at 50Ma, Izu^Bonin arc formation was continuous except for a short period of quiescence ( 20^23Ma) during back-arc basin formation in the early Miocene.The Sr^Nd^Pb^Hf isotope trends do not co-vary through time. An increasing trend of Pb isotope ratios with time reflects a change in the trench sediment input as it becomes richer in radiogenic Pb. Sr isotopes show no unidirectional trend with time owing to the dominant contribution of unradiogenic Sr from the subducting igneous crust ( 66% of arc Sr) and mantle ( 31%) that buffer the minor amount of radiogenic Sr contributed from subducting sediment or altered oceanic crust. Nd and Hf isotope compositions are both controlled by the depleted sub-arc mantle. Nd isotope ratios increase significantly with time, whereas any temporal increase in Hf isotope ratios remains negligible relative to the inherent data variability. This temporal divergence is due to the much higher parent/daughter ratios of the sub-arc mantle source (Sm/Nd1⁄4 0·24; Lu/Hf1⁄4 0·04), which result in significant ingrowth in Nd but a negligible ingrowth of Hf. Overall, the isotopic evolution is unaffected by along-strike arc rifting and back-arc basin formation, or by the evolution of the siliceous Izu^Bonin arc crust. Compared with the greater isotopic variability of the broader Izu^Bonin^Mariana arc system, the post 42Ma Izu^Bonin arc exemplifies the long-term evolution of a simple arc system with comparatively uniform input from slab and mantle sources. Its isotopic evolution is hence not representative of that of other arcs, and this may reflect the different subduction geometry and components involved.
The Cadell Fault, southeastern Australia: a record of temporally clustered morphogenic seismicity in a low-strain intraplate region

Abstract The Cadell Fault, found in stable continental region (SCR) crust in southeastern Australia, provides a record of temporally clustered morphogenic earthquakes spanning much of the Cenozoic. The slip rate, averaged over perhaps as many as five complete seismic cycles in the period 70–20 ka, is c. 0.4–0.5 mm a−1, compared with an average rate of c. 0.005–0.01 mm a−1 over the period spanning the late Miocene to Recent. If full length rupture of the 80 km long feature is assumed, the average recurrence for Mw 7.3–7.5 earthquake events on the Cadell Fault in the period 70–20 ka is c. 8 kyr. About 20 kyr, representing more than two average seismic cycles, have lapsed since the most recent morphogenic seismic event on the fault. It might therefore be speculated that this fault has relapsed into a quiescent period. Episodic rupture behaviour on the Cadell Fault, and nearby faults in Phanerozoic SCR crust in eastern Australia, might be controlled by their linkage into major crustal fault systems at depth, in apparent contrast with the style of deformation in non-extended Precambrian SCR crust. Periods of strain localization on these major crustal fault systems, effectively turning deforming regions ‘on’ and ‘off’, might be influenced by changes in distant plate boundary forces. If proved, this would have profound consequences for how the occurrence of large earthquakes is assessed in Australia, as the fundamental assumption of morphogenic earthquakes occurring as a result of the progressive build-up of strain, and thus being in some way predictable in their periodicity, is not satisfied. Documenting such fault behaviour in SCR crust assists in conceptualizing the points critical to understanding the hazards posed by SCR faults worldwide. Supplementary material: Seismic reflection and refraction survey parameters are available at: http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18869
Global responses of gravity waves to planetary waves during stratospheric sudden warming observed by SABER

This study describes the global responses of observed gravity waves (GWs) to winter planetary wave (PW) variations during stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) using TIMED‐SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) temperature measurements. Previous studies have shown responses of atmospheric temperature and parameterized GW drag to SSWs; however, the responses of global GW observations to SSWs have not been presented before. The responses are shown by calculating correlations between vertical components of Eliassen‐Palm (EP) fluxes in the winter polar stratosphere and global GW temperature amplitudes derived from SABER observations. Consistent with previous ground‐based and satellite observations, winter EP fluxes show positive correlations with GWs in the winter hemisphere. More interestingly, winter stratospheric EP fluxes are positively correlated with GWs in the tropics and in the summer mesosphere, indicating global variations of GWs in response to PW variations in the winter hemisphere. To study the mechanism of GW response to SSWs, global wind simulations from Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model are used. Zonal wind anomalies (differences in the wind before and during SSWs) extend from the winter stratosphere to the summer mesosphere. By comparing anomalies in background winds to the observed patterns in the correlations between GWs and winter EP fluxes, we find that regions of positive correlation follow changes in background winds and zero‐wind lines. The results indicate that responses of SABER GWs in the summer hemisphere to winter PW variations during SSWs are likely caused by changes in GW propagation due to the changes in winds and atmospheric circulation.
Hepatic NLRP3-Derived Hsp70 Binding to TLR4 Mediates MASLD to MASH Progression upon Inhibition of PP2A by Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin, a Second Hit

Harmful algal bloom toxin microcystin has been associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression and hepatocellular carcinoma, though the mechanisms remain unclear. Using an established mouse model of MASLD, we show that the NLRP3–Hsp70–TLR4 axis drives in part the inflammation of the liver lobule that results in the progression of MASLD to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Results showed that mice deficient in NLRP3 exhibited decreased MASH pathology, blocked Hsp70 expression, and co-binding with NLRP3, a crucial protein component of the liver inflammasome. Hsp70, both in the liver lobule and extracellularly released in the liver vasculature, acted as a ligand to TLR4 in the liver, primarily in hepatocytes to activate the NF-κB pathway, ultimately leading to hepatic cell death and necroptosis, a crucial pathology of MASH progression. The above studies show a novel insight into an inflammasome-triggered Hsp70-mediated inflammation that may have broader implications in MASLD pathology. MASLD to MASH progression often requires multiple hits. One of the mediators of progressive MASLD is environmental toxins. In this research report, we show for the first time a novel mechanism where microcystin-LR, an environmental toxin, advances MASLD to MASH by triggering the release of Hsp70 as a DAMP to activate TLR4-induced inflammation in the liver.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi

Kecurangan akuntansi merupakan salah saji yang timbul dari kecurangan dalam pelaporan keuangan dan perlakuan tidak semestinya terhadap aktiva. Tindakan-tindakan penyimpangan dalam laporan keuangan suatu perusahaan menyebabkan laporan keuangan tersebut menjadi tidak relevan dan tidak dapat diandalkan. Dampak dan konsekuensi yang ditimbulkan oleh kecurangan akuntansi tidak dapat dihindarkan sehingga perusahaan akan menderita kerugian yang signifikan. Pengumpulan data dari data primer dilakukan dengan memberikan kuesioner kepada pimpinan atau manajer perusahaan manufaktur di kota Surabaya. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 30 perusahaan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa keefektifan pengendalian internal, kesesuaian kompensasi, ketaatan aturan akuntansi dan moralitas manajemen berpengaruh negatif terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi, sedangkan asimetri informasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketaatan aturan akuntansi dan moralitas manajemen tidak mempengaruhi adanya kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi, sedangkan keefektifan pengendalian internal, kesesuaian kompensasi, dan asimetri informasi mempengaruhi kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi.