Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHIANTI—An Atomic Database for Emission Lines. VIII. Comparison with Solar Flare Spectra from the Solar Maximum Mission Flat Crystal Spectrometer

In the present work we describe the comparison of the fluxes predicted by the latest version of the CHIANTI database (version 5.2) with the observed X-ray spectra of two solar flares from the Flat Crystal Spectrometer on board the Solar Maximum Mission on 1980 August 25 and 1985 July 2. The two flares were of GOES classes M1.5 and M4.5, respectively, and were observed in the 7.47-18.97 Å wavelength range. The aim of the present work is to benchmark the CHIANTI database in this range in an effort to assess its accuracy and completeness. Very good agreement is found at all wavelengths, except for Fe XVIII and Fe XIX lines between 14.7 and 16.4 Å. These discrepancies are discussed. A list of lines recommended for future diagnostic studies of X-ray sources is presented.
Robust D-Stability Analysis of Linear Systems with Real Structured Uncertainties by the Stability Feeler

This paper gives a new method for robust D-stability analysis of linear systems with real structured uncertainties using the stability feeler. The proposed method has an improvement over past ones presented in a couple of conference papers. Past ones can be applied only to Hurwitz stability analysis. On the other hand, the proposed method can be applied to not only Hurwitz stability analysis, but also otherD-stability analysis.
Description of a new trapdoor spider species, Nemesia amicitia spec. nov., from southern Spain, and new information on Nemesia uncinata (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae)

Abstract. A new species of trapdoor spider found in southern Andalusia, Spain, Nemesia amicitia spec. nov., is described. This species builds a branched burrow with a characteristic wafer-type trapdoor over a curb around the entrance. In the same geographic area, two populations of N. uncinata Bacelar, 1933 have been found. New data about the morphological variability of this species and the structure of its burrow are provided. Zusammenfassung. Eine neue Falltürspinnenart, Nemesia amicitia spec. nov., wird aus Andalusien (Südspanien) beschrieben. Diese Art baut einen verzweigten Bau mit einer charakteristischen waffelartigen Falltür über eine Umrandung um den Eingang herum. Im selben Gebiet wurden zwei Populationen von N. uncinata Bacelar, 1933 gefunden. Neue Daten über die morphologische Variabilität dieser Art und die Struktur ihres Baus werden vorgelegt. Resumen. Se presenta la descripción de una nueva especie de araña trampera, Nemesia amicitia spec. nov., encontrada en el sur de Andalucía, España. Esta especie construye una madriguera bifurcada con una trampilla característica de tipo oblea sobre una pared circular alrededor de la entrada. En la misma área geográfica se han encontrado dos poblaciones de N. uncinata Bacelar, 1933; se proporcionan datos complementarios sobre su variabilidad morfológica y la estructura de sus madrigueras, comparándolas con las de la nueva especie.
Size quantization effect in highly stable UV emitting HgTe nanoparticles: Structure and optical properties

We report a simple one pot aqueous chemical synthesis route to fabricate very small and highly stable HgTe nanoparticles (NPs) capped with L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride (LEEH). The LEEH concentration has found to be critical for desired size NP synthesis. Structural analyses by grazing angle x-ray diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy studies indicate HgTe NPs to exhibit a fcc phase with ⟨111⟩ prominent reflection having monodispersed NP size of around 2.0 nm. A strong size quantization effect marked by a prominent excitonic absorption at 4.436 eV blueshifted by 4.586 eV from the bulk band gap value has been observed in their optical absorption studies. A strong and narrow Gaussian fluorescence emission at 3.3 eV has been observed for 2.0 nm NP size whose width is being narrowed down with increasing LEEH concentration. The strong UV range absorption and emission have been observed for the first time in HgTe NPs.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE PEOPLE RESIDING IN THE PERIPHERY OF THE LOKTAK LAKE, MANIPUR, INDIA

The present study was conducted in the periphery of the Loktak by interviewing with 300 selected respondents using purposive sampling technique to assess the environmental issues of the Loktak lake and its surrounding areas and also to assess the environmental consciousness of the people living in and around the lake. All (100%) respondents reported the natural resources of Loktak lake is declining and most of them (28.33%) felt that the decline of the natural resources of Loktak lake was found to be pollution of the lake water. In the overall percentage of major environmental issues of the areas or villages in and around the Loktak lake water pollution (37%) was highest. The study found that the highest percentage in terms of the level of environmental consciousness people had was “Average” (87.33%). Improvement of education, organizing effective awareness programmes for the conservation and sustainable management of the Loktak lake and its surrounding environment, seeking alternative means of livelihoods are suggested.
Large Eddy Simulation of Rearward-Facing Step Flow

In conventional large eddy simulation (LES) models, the filtered Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) are supplemented by subgrid-scale (SGS) models that emulate the energy transfer from large scales toward the subgrid scales, where it will eventually be dissipated by molecular viscosity. An alternative approach involves solving the unfiltered NSE using high-resolution monotone algorithms for which implicit SGS models are provided by the intrinsic nonlinear high-frequency filters built into the convection discretization. This monotonically integrated LES (MILES) model is to be distinguished from underresolved direct numerical simulation models relying on other numerical methods (not necessarily monotonic) to represent the required damping, which will not necessarily ensure the correct distribution of energy among the large scales. Results from LES and MILES of turbulent rearward-facing step flows suggest that LES is independent of the details of the SGS model if it can adequately channel kinetic energy out of eddies close to the cutoff wave number to prevent aliasing, provided that the resolution is fine enough to ensure that the cutoff wave number is within the inertial subrange. Comparison with experimental data indicates good agreement for global quantities and first- and second-order statistical moments of velocity. Based on the simulations and the comparison with experimental data, the behavior of the flow in the free shear layer and in the reattachment region is presented together with a discussion of flow separation and reattachment.
Dual stage approach to laser-driven helical coil proton acceleration

Helical coil accelerators are a recent development in laser-driven ion production, acting on the intrinsically wide divergence and broadband energy spectrum of laser-accelerated protons to deliver ultra-low divergence and quasi-monoenergetic beams. The modularity of helical coil accelerators also provides the attractive prospective of multi-staging. Here we show, on a proof-of-principle basis, a two-stage configuration which allows optical tuning of the energy of the selected proton beamlet. Experimental data, corroborated by particle tracing simulations, highlights the importance of controlling precisely the beam injection. Efficient post-acceleration of the protons with an energy gain up to ∼16 MeV (∼8 MeV per stage, at an average rate of ∼1 GeV m−1) was achieved at an optimal time delay, which allows synchronisation of the selected protons with the accelerating longitudinal electric fields to be maintained through both stages.
In Situ Measurement of 1.8-MeV Proton Radiation Effects on Comb-Drive MEMS Resonators

We report on in situ measurement of proton radiation effects on single-crystal silicon comb-drive resonant microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The comb-drive resonators are specially designed and can be operated in both linear resonance and large-amplitude contact-impacting (i.e., “tapping”) modes, which offer versatile options for resonant sensing and switching applications. In situ, continuous monitoring of radiation effects induced by impinging 1.8-MeV protons with controlled dosage and exposure time, in both linear and tapping modes of the resonators, have been performed. The resonators exhibit highly sensitive responses in resonance characteristics while maintaining robust operations. For irradiation with a proton flux of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.8\times 10^{8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-2}\text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, both temporary and permanent radiation effects (i.e., quantified in frequency shift) on the comb-drive MEMS resonators are observed. For irradiation with much higher flux (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9.1\times 10^{8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-2}\text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), the resonance frequency shifts are greater. Based on the transport of ions in matter (TRIM) simulations, we find that the observed radiation effects on resonance frequency could be attributed to a combination of ionizing and displacement damage effects. These in situ observations of radiation effects on comb-drive MEMS resonators show that dynamical MEMS capable of operating in different resonance regimes can be a promising platform for making new types of radiation sensors or radiation-hardened signal processing components.
The ordinary transport properties of the noble metals

Abstract The Fermi Surfaces in Cu, Ag and Au are now known to be greatly distorted, with thick ‘necks’ passing through the zone boundaries. In this paper we enquire whether such an electronic structure is quantitatively consistent with the observed transport coefficients. The mathematical model is quite simple; the shape of the Fermi surface is made to depend on a single parameter which can be interpreted as the pseudo-potential of the {111} atomic planes acting on an orthogonalized plane wave, giving rise to an energy gap of 5–10 ev at the zone boundaries. Various integrals over the Fermi surface can then be evaluated by elementary methods, and compared with the corresponding experimental quantities. The electronic specific heat and optical mass in the pure metals are consistent with the model. The galvanomagnetic effects are shown to depend a great deal on the anisotropy of the electron relaxation time, whose variation with energy is also probably the electron relaxation time, whose variation with energ.
Students’ perception of “American English File Multipack 3” – a study at people’s security university

Coursebooks are of the utmost importance to language classes, and selecting a good textbook is of great value. Amongst them, the coursebook American English File Multipack 3 (AEF3) was chosen and has been used at People's Security University (PSU) for six years now. This study was designed to have a more critical view of AEF3 that could help identify features of the coursebook from PSU students' perspectives. Due to the scope of the study, only five aspects, namely Layout and design, Activities, Skills, Language type and Subject and content, were chosen to be investigated. In this study, a quantitative method was opted to conduct, and the data were accumulated through coursebook evaluation form returned by 85 students. The findings of the study revealed that under students' perspective, although there existed certain drawbacks in AEF3, was still evaluated positively. And thus, it is obvious that AEF3 is an appropriate coursebook for the context of PSU.
Massively parallel, real-time multispeckle diffuse correlation spectroscopy using a 500 × 500 SPAD camera.

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a promising noninvasive technique for monitoring cerebral blood flow and measuring cortex functional activation tasks. Taking multiple parallel measurements has been shown to increase sensitivity, but is not easily scalable with discrete optical detectors. Here we show that with a large 500 × 500 SPAD array and an advanced FPGA design, we achieve an SNR gain of almost 500 over single-pixel mDCS performance. The system can also be reconfigured to sacrifice SNR to decrease correlation bin width, with 400 ns resolution being demonstrated over 8000 pixels.
A Decomposition for Three-Way Arrays

An I-by-J-by-K array has rank 1 if the array is the outer product of an I-, a J-, and a K-vector. The authors prove that a three-way array can be uniquely decomposed as the sum of F rank-1 arrays if the F vectors corresponding to two of the ways are linearly independent and the F vectors corresponding to the third way have the property that no two are collinear. Several algorithms that implement the decomposition are described. The algorithms are applied to obtain initial values for nonlinear least-squares calculations. The performances of the decompositions and of the nonlinear least-squares solutions on real and on simulated data are compared. An extension to higher-way arrays is introduced, and the method is compared with those of other authors.
Asymptotic Properties and Robustness of Minimum Dissimilarity Estimators of Location-scale Parameters

This paper deals with the asymptotic properties of an unexplored estimation method, for location and scale parameters, based on the minimization of the Monge--Gini--Kantorovich--Wasserstein distance. This method is rigorously defined and justified according to the general principle which directs the theory of regression. The resulting estimators---called minimum dissimilarity estimators---exist, and are measurable, consistent, and robust. Their asymptotic distribution is the same as the probability distribution of the absolute minimum point of an interesting functional of a standard Brownian bridge. This fact can be employed to obtain both explicit exact expressions and numerical approximations for the above asymptotic distribution.
Educational Gradient in Occupational Attainment: Does the Stratification of Education Systems Really Matter?

Education is one of the most important determinants of occupational attainment, and country-comparative scholars have increasingly focused their attention on the stratification of education systems, that is, the extent to which students are differentiated into different groups for instructional purposes. This article introduces a new microlevel risk ignored by previous theories, that is, the risk of productivity loss. I argue that the criterion guiding the first selection into different schools or curricula within a school reduces skill heterogeneity and employers’ risk of productivity loss, strengthening the link between education and occupation. Data of the European Social Survey are complemented with new indicators of education systems’ characteristics coming from an expert survey that involved more than 200 experts in 34 OECD countries. Findings show that as the first selection is increasingly based on students’ ability, the educational gradient in occupational attainment increases for those respondents who achieved an academic upper-secondary degree.
Atomic L-Shell Coster-Kronig, Auger, and Radiative Rates and Flourescence Yields for Na-Th

Calculated Auger, Coster-Kronig, super Coster-Kronig, and radiative transition rates are used to compute atomic $M$-shell Auger, Coster-Kronig, and fluorescence yields. Comparison is made with five fluorescence-field measurements, with full width at half-maximum measurements of $L\ensuremath{-}M$ x rays, and with Bhalla's relativistic radiative-yield calculations.
Cryptic, sibling or neither of the two? Integrative species delimitation of Psylliodes flea beetles with overlapping ranges

Species identification and delimitation are particularly challenging for morphologically similar and geographically overlapping species, such as in the case of Western Palaearctic flea beetle species Psylliodes kiesenwetteri Kutschera, 1864 and Psylliodes ruffoi Leonardi, 1975. In this study, we implemented an integrative taxonomic approach based on a comprehensive geographic assessment of morphological and genetic variation, including 142 adult specimens from 15 sympatric and allopatric populations. Results of species delimitation methods using the barcode marker COI show that molecular identification and delimitation between P. kiesenwetteri and P. ruffoi are straightforward. Single‐locus and multi‐locus phylogenetic analyses indicate these two species have a large genetic divergence and belong to two distinct clades of the Psylliodes gibbosa species group. Morphological identification based on qualitative characters shows great differences in identification success depending on the character used. Characters of male and female genitalia perform very well, but can only be assessed on fully sclerified individuals, whereas the colour of antennae was discovered as a new reliable diagnostic character both for teneral and fully sclerified individuals. Morphological identification is particularly sharp when multiple characters are used in combination or when a morphometric approach is performed. In conclusion, despite overall morphological similarity, P. kiesenwetteri and P. ruffoi are not cryptic species neither they are sibling species, as they belong to distinct clades within the gibbosa species group, and they can be reliably distinguished by morphological characters. This study substantiates the relevance of a range‐wide assessment of morphological and genetic variation, including individuals from the type locality, and both sympatric and allopatric populations, for taxonomic assessment of morphologically similar species with overlapping ranges.
Glide Symmetry Applied to the Design of Common-Mode Rejection Filters Based on Complementary Split-Ring Resonators

In this brief, glide symmetry is applied to design common-mode rejection filters based on defected ground structures with bandstop response. To this aim, complementary split-ring resonators are chosen as the basic components for common-mode rejection. To illustrate the advantages of using glide symmetry, three implementations are studied and compared. The results reveal that glide symmetry offers the best performance in terms of common-mode rejection level and fractional bandwidth. Furthermore, glide symmetry barely affects the integrity of the differential mode. A prototype of each of the considered symmetries has been designed, simulated, and tested for practical validation. Good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results, experimentally demonstrating the advantages of glide symmetry.
Impact Features and Projectile Residues in Aerogel Exposed on Mir

Abstract Approximately 0.63 m2 of SiO2-based aerogel (0.02 g cm−3) was exposed for 18 months on the Mir Station to capture hypervelocity particles from both man-made and natural sources. Optical inspection revealed two major classes of hypervelocity impact features in the aerogel: (1) long, carrot-shaped tracks, well known from laboratory impact experiments, that exhibit a depth- (t) to-diameter (D) relationship of t/D>10, typically 20–30, and (2) shallow pits (t/D Recovery of particles from individual tracks is time-consuming, yet readily accomplished by operators familiar with the handling of individual, micrometer-sized particles. Compositional analyses by SEM-EDS identified a variety of man-made and natural particles. A few natural particles were embedded in epoxy, microtomed, and analyzed by TEM. All were polymineralic aggregates that contained olivine exhibiting sharp electron-diffraction spots, and suggesting that the materials had experienced only minimal shock-deformation, if any. One natural particle contained olivine, augite, diopside, troilite, chromite/magnetite, and hercynite, the latter existing as pristine, undeformed octahedral crystals. The olivine in two of the particles were Fo60–70 and Fo39–53, and thus, more equilibrated than olivines in most stratospheric particles (Fo80–100). These results illustrate that particle collections in Earth orbit are highly complementary to ground-based collections of cosmic dust.
Monetary policy regimes and inflation persistence in the United Kingdom

This paper conducts a structural analysis of inflation persistence in the United Kingdom between 1965-2009. I allow for the possibility of shifts in the UK economy by estimating open-economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models in which parameters of a Taylor-type monetary policy rule, New Keynesian Phillips curve, and volatilities of structural economic shocks, follow Markov processes (Markov-switching DSGEs). The best-fitting model allows for changes in monetary policy and stochastic shock volatility. The first policy regime responds passively to movements in inflation, adjusting the nominal interest rate less than one-for-one and is estimated to be in place from the early 1970s until the late 1980s. The other regime responds actively to inflation and places less weight on exchange rate movements. This regime is present for the rest sample and almost coincides with the period after the Bank of England explicitly adopted an inflation target in 1992. I find a small but insignificant decrease in inflation persistence in the policy regime that responds more actively to inflation.
Prescribed Performance Back-Stepping Tracking Control for a Class of High-Order Nonlinear Systems via a Disturbance Observer

Due to the widespread presence of disturbances in practical engineering and widespread applications of high-order systems, this paper first pays attention to a class of high-order strict-feedback nonlinear systems subject to bounded disturbance and investigates the prescribed performance tracking control and anti-disturbance control problems. A novel composite control protocol using the technique of a disturbance observer—prescribed performance control—is designed using the back-stepping method. The disturbance observer is introduced for estimating and compensating for unknown disturbances in each step, and the prescribed performance specifications guarantee both transient and steady-state performance of the tracking error to improve the control performance and result in better disturbance rejection. Moreover, the technique of adding a power integrator is modified to tackle controller design problems for the high-order systems. The Lyapunov function method is utilized for rigorous stability analysis. It is revealed that while the control performance completely remains in the prescribed bound, all states in the closed-loop system are input-to-state stable, and the tracking error and the disturbances estimating error asymptotically converge to zero simultaneously. Then, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control protocol are verified by a simulation result.
The Edinburgh-Durham Southern Galaxy Catalogue. IV : The cluster catalogue

The Edinburgh-Durham Cluster Catalogue (EDCC) is presented. This is the first machine-based, objectively selected sample of clusters of galaxies. It consists of 737 clusters or groups of all richnesses, over 0.5 sr of sky, centred on the South Galactic Pole (SGP). The primary galaxy data set for the cluster survey is the Edinburgh-Durham Southern Galaxy Catalogue (EDSGC). The EDCC was constructed using an automatic peak-finding algorithm and is complete to m 10 (b j ) = 18.75