Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic polymorphism of CCR5 gene and HIV disease: The heterozygous (CCR5/Δccr5) genotype is neither essential nor sufficient for protection against disease progression

Homozygous (Δccr5/Δccr5) and heterozygous (CCR5/Δccr5) deletions in the β‐chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene, which encodes for the major co‐receptor for macrophage‐tropic HIV‐1 entry, have been implicated in resistance to HIV infection and in protection against disease progression, respectively. The CCR5/Δccr5 genotype was found more frequently in long‐term nonprogressors (LTNP) (31.0%) than in progressors (10.6%, p < 0.0001), in agreement with previous studies. Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses showed that a slower progression of disease, i.e. higher proportion of subjects with CD4+ T cell counts >500/μl (p = 0.0006) and a trend toward a slower progression to AIDS (p = 0.077), was associated with the CCR5/Δccr5 genotype. However, when LTNP were analyzed separetely, no significant differences in CD4+ T cell counts (p = 0.12) and viremia levels (p = 0.65) were observed between the wild‐type (69 % of LTNP) and the heterozygous (31.0 %) genotypes. Therefore, there are other factors which play a major role in determining the status of nonprogression in the majority of LTNP. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the CCR5/Δccr5 genotype was associated with different rates of disease progression in the group of progressors. Taken together, these results indicate that the CCR5/Δccr5 genotype is neither essential nor sufficient for protection against the progression of HIV disease.
Tuomeya Harvey, a genus of freshwater Rhodophyta newly recorded from China

Tuomeya Harvey (Tuomeya americana (Kutzing) Papenfuss) is reported as new record to China. The specimens were collected from Xuzhou in Jiangsu, East China. This genus is characterized by a cartilaginous thallus and solid cortex, which is composed of numerous compact cortical cells. Its carpogonial branches are twisted. In addition to describing the morphological and reproductive structures of T. americana in detail, we also use rbcL gene sequences aligned with the previously published sequences of T. americana from North America. Tuomeya includes only one species, which was previously known from North America and South Africa.
Postharvest color development of strawberries: influence of maturity, temperature and light

Strawberries (cv. Blomidon) that were either completely white or red at harvest were stored up to 8 d under various temperature and light conditions to examine the effects of storage conditions on postharvest color development. Strawberries, stored at 5, 10, 20 or 30 °C and at light levels of 0, 100 or 200 μmol m−2 s−1, were sampled for anthocyanin concentration, surface color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH of the berry surface, and berry weight loss after 0, 1, 2, 5 and 8 d of storage. Anthocyanin concentration and surface color increased during storage with greater changes in the white-harvested than red-harvested fruit. Temperature, and to a lesser extent light, affected the rate of strawberry color development during storage. After 8 d, the proportions of the two major strawberry anthocyanins, pelargonidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside, were different in red-harvested fruit and white fruit that became red during storage, compared to field-ripened fruit at harvest. Key words: Frag.
The two species of Moroccan day-geckoes, Quedenfeldtia (Reptilia: Gekkonidae)

The genus Quedenfeldtia of Morocco is generally considered monotypic but actually contains two well-defined species, Q. trachyblepharus and Q. moerens, which can be distinguished by both external and osteological characters. The lowland Q. moerens has a number of apomorphies not found in Q. trachyblepharus which has a restricted, mainly highland, range and is more generally primitive in its anatomy. Because of this, Q. trachyblepharus cannot have arisen from an isolated population of the widespread Q. moerens, and the two forms are likely to have had substantially separate histories.
Trichostrongylid infections of sheep in a winter rainfall region. I. Epizootiological studies in the Western District of Victoria, 1966-67

Regular post-mortem counts from 'tracer' and flock sheep, together with faecal worm egg counts and plasma pepsinogen determinations, formed the basis of an epizootiological study of trichostrongylid infections of Merino sheep in the Western District of Victoria. Species from genera Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia and Nematodirus predominated in the worm counts; Haemonchus contortus was absent. Counts of Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus spp. from successive groups of 'tracer' sheep showed a pronounced seasonal distribution of available larvae in accordance with the temperature and humidity components of the prevailing weather. Mean worm counts ranging from 2000 to 32,000 per fortnight were recorded between May and October, whereas at other times the counts were consistently less than 500. When the availability of larvae was high, faecal worm egg counts of weaners and adult sheep were less than 150 epg. At this time the majority of the worms in the abomasum were early fourth stage larvae. Some weeks after availability had decreased to low levels, mean egg counts increased from 100 to values over 700 epg. It was concluded that the high levels of larval availability were derived from worm eggs deposited in the previous summer and autumn. Resistance to the establishment of worms was evident in both young and mature sheep. It was found that raised plasma pepsinogen levels, indicative of severe abomasal lesions, were closely related to the numbers of newly ingested larvae. Liveweights and fleece weights of weaners treated with 88 mg thiabendazole per kg every 14 days and those from untreated weaners did not differ significantly until the availability of larvae decreased to low levels, after which the treated sheep were heavier and produced 0.52 kg or 14.6% more wool per head.
Species richness and diversity of benthic diatom communities in tropical mountain streams of Mexico

Abstract We examined community structure of benthic diatoms and their substratum preferences (epilithic vs. macroalgae) by season in 4 tropical mountain streams in central Mexico. Of the 74 species compiled, Cymbella silesiaca, Rhoicosphenia abbreviate, and Reimeria sinuata were the most abundant and frequent. About 14% of species were exclusively epilithic, 13% were associated with macroalgae, and 73% had no clear preference. Environmental factors most closely related to spatial and temporal distribution of epilithic diatoms were changes in stream discharge and water temperature. For diatoms associated with macroalgae, the most important factors were changes in current velocity and the coverage and richness of macroalgae. The similarities in species richness and diversity in the 4 study sites suggest that the diatom community develops under conditions of moderate disturbance. The few differences found in species richness between epilithic and macroalgae-associated diatoms suggest that these diatoms do not have substratum preferences. The abundance of macroalgae-associated diatoms in all sites suggests a positive effect (facilitation) of macroalgae on diatoms.
Interdisciplinary research and academic sustainability: managing knowledge in an age of accountability

SUMMARY For the past 125 years the university has been the home of knowledge production. The 20th century research university combined a Kantian belief in disciplinarity, a Humboldtian commitment to linking research and education and upholding academic autonomy, and a Cartesian allegiance to infinite knowledge production. This approach to knowledge creation was seen as sufficient, for knowledge products themselves were understood as automatically relevant to society, and no one imagined a problem with endless knowledge production. The 20th century model of knowledge production is now under pressure from a number of sources: information technologies, neoliberal assumptions and demands for greater accountability. ‘Interdisciplinarity’ has become the term of art for addressing this crisis. But interdisciplinarity is no panacea to the challenges facing knowledge production today. In addition to knowledge on sustainability, knowledge production itself must now be made sustainable. This requires clearly connecting knowledge production and use, and ending the bad infinity of knowledge production.
Seasonality and phenology in a dry tropical forest in Ghana.

(1) Flowering, fruiting, leaf production, leaf fall and girth changes all show a strong seasonal pattern in a tropical forest and grassland/thicket mosaic in Ghana. Moisture deficits limit phenological activity although patterns vary among species. (2) Flowering and fruiting occur throughout the year. Dry-fruited species fruit principally in dry seasons. Fleshy-fruited species fruit in either wet or dry seasons, although fleshy fruits are most abundant in wet seasons. Species grouped according to habitat and life-form show similar patterns of flowering and fruiting. (3) Leaf flushing is entirely limited to wet seasons, although not all species or individuals produce new leaves each wet season. Leaf fall occurs in dry seasons; 19% of forest species and 55% of grassland/thicket species became fully leafless during the study period. (4) Girth changes are closely related to rainfall and foliage phenology. The amplitude of girth changes is related to the habitat of the species, with greater seasonal changes occurring under more exposed conditions. Net girth increments over the 15-month period were negative, due to the unusually low rainfall.
Demographic transition among hunters: a temporal analysis of hunter recruitment dedication and motives in Denmark

Abstract Context. In many countries, hunting has emerged as a major source of funding for wildlife conservation and research or habitat acquisition. In some countries, recent declines in recruitment of hunters have generated concerns about the consequences of the rapid demographic change within society in general, and among hunters in particular. Gaining a better understanding of how these demographic changes influence dedication to and motivation for hunting has therefore become an important task. Aims. Our aims included documenting the demographic transition among Danish hunters, and identifying correlates of hunter recruitment age, motivations and dedication. Methods. We addressed these aims using a national survey of Danish hunters in 2000 (n = 1186) and 2006 (n = 701). Survey data were analysed using multiple regression models. Key results. Whereas recruitment numbers remained stable, the average age of recruitment for hunters increased from 21 to 34 between 1984 and 2006, and the percentage of new hunters younger than 20 declined from 63% to 19% during the same period. Respondents who hunted to experience nature were recruited at older ages than other hunters. Recruitment age was negatively related to number of days hunting per year and relative importance placed on hunting as a recreational activity, and positively related to being recruited by friends, female gender, being married, and having an urban childhood. Conclusions. The global demographic transition towards an older and more urban populace may drive a change in hunter demographics rather than a decline of hunting. Implications. The present study suggests that hunting can persist in the face of rapid demographic change. However, the study also indicates several important structural barriers for new hunters, favouring those hunters being economically most well off and leading to a decline in hunting dedication. To meet these challenges, the study suggests that modifications will be needed in hunter education programs and hunter recruitment campaigns, so as to maintain hunting as a significant positive factor within wildlife conservation.
How do activated people react? An assessment of how people are activated and how they react to deviant content in ideation contests!

I How do activated people react? Abstract To remain competitive, organizations are constantly searching for new ideas, for example by using ideation contests. Literature has already shown that ideation contests, and open innovation in general, can have positive and negative consequences for organizations. However, regarding ideation contests, little is known about how participants are influenced by others. This thesis tries to find out how people get activated and how they are likely to react when being confronted with positive or negative deviant content. For this purpose, a scenario-based experimental design was applied. Randomly approached people were shown one of three scenarios (with a positive, negative and neutral contribution) after which they filled in the accompanied questionnaire. This questionnaire contained questions on activation mechanisms (arousal, sense of community and affection with the contest) and behavioural reactions (positive/negative within the context/through social media). Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modelling was used for the analysis. First, deviant content affected arousal and sense of community, and arousal and affection with the contest influenced behavioral reactions. Thus, arousal and affection with the contest could be regarded as activation mechanisms in this context. Secondly, confrontation with different types of deviant content resulted in different behaviors. Confrontation with constructive reactions showed mixed results. These were not in line with the theory of reciprocity, because it led to positive and negative behaviors. Besides, people are expected react through social media earlier, because it is less personal. Destructive deviant reactions, however, only leads to negative reactions. Affection with the contest lead to positive reactions, which is questionable since it was not affected by deviant content. Although it should be interpreted carefully, this thesis adds to literature on deviance, marketing and (open) innovation as well as behavioral reactions and reciprocity. Furthermore, the findings could be interesting for (innovation) managers in dealing with reactions to an ideation contest. Table of
Genetic differentiation between freshwater resident and anadromous brown trout, Salmo trutta, within watercourses

Freshwater resident and anadromous life history forms of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. , sampled from each of three watercourses were analysed for biochemical genetic variation. Ten enzyme systems encoded by a putative 30 loci were analysed. Significant genetic differences were found between the two life history forms in all three watercourses. Further, significant genetic differences were also found between the three anadromous populations analysed, although two of them are separated by a distance along the shore line by less than 2 km. The findings focus on the need to reconsider the conservation and management practice of wild and hatchery-reared stocks.
DETERMINANTS OF TRUST AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY ON C2C E-MARKETPLACE IN INDONESIA

Stakeholders in C2C e-marketplace in order to optimize the category of groceries. One way to do this is through customer equity management. Therefore, it is very important to conduct research on the analysis of customer equity, customer loyalty in the context of c2c e-marketplace in Indonesia (study in the product groceries category) which aims to partially determine the effect of brand equity, value equity and relationship equity on trust and customer loyalty and the influence of trust on customer loyalty. The design of this study uses an explanatory approach. The data analysis technique uses structural equation model (SEM) and sampling is limited to certain criteria (purposive sampling). This study used 200 respondents. The results of this study show that there is a partial influence of brand equity and value equity on constructs of trust and customer loyalty. Meanwhile, relationship equity has a direct effect on trust, but not on customer loyalty. Trust affects consumer loyalty. Companies must focus on rewarding systems through cash back reward programs, virtual loyalty cards, incentive programs, and virtual communities that have been proven to be able to increase customer loyalty.
Critérios morfológicos e temperatura para avaliação da germinação das sementes de cupuaçu

The objectives of this study were to determine the temperature range of Theobroma grandiflorum seed germination, to indicate the most suitable temperature for the germination test and propose morphological evaluation criteria to provide data for the inclusion of this species in the Brazilian Rules for Seed Testing. The experiments were carried out in germination chambers with a 12 hour daily photoperiod, using vermiculite as substrate. Seed of T. grandiflorum were collected from the same population however of different trees at two occasions: February (lot 1) and April 2010 (lot 2). Seed germination was assessed at constant temperatures between 10 and 40 ˚C, with an interval of 5 ˚C. Three morphological criteria were evaluated: the protrusion (≥ 5 mm) of the first visible structure (physiological criterion), epicotyl length (≥ 3 cm; corresponding field emergence) and normal seedling development (technological criterion). The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven constant temperatures and four replicates with 25 seeds. For each criterion, germination percentage and variables of germination speed were assessed. In T. grandiflorum the hypocotyl is the first visible structure in the germination process. Its protrusion was observed between 10 and 40 ˚C in seed lot 1 and, in seed lot 2, between 10 and 35 ˚C. The lack of epicotyl growth and the development of normal seedlings at 10, 15 and 40 ˚C, in both seed collections, indicate that the shoot is more sensitive to extreme temperatures than the hypocotyl and root. The lower temperature limit for shoot growth was between 15 and 20 ˚C and the upper limit between 35 and 40 ˚C. The temperature of 30 ˚C is recommended for the germination test of T. grandiflorum. Observing normal seedling development, the first count could be done at day 21 and final count at day 35. Epicotyl length (≥ 3 cm) is suggested as an alternative for earlier assessment of seed germination, with the first count at day 14 and final count at day 20.
Density-dependent sea urchin grazing: differential removal of species, changes in community composition and alternative community states

The grazing activity of consumers causes shifts between alternative states in a variety of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. One of the best examples of a consumer-driven shift occurs on temperate marine reefs, where grazing by high densities of sea urchins results in a shift from a foliose algal- to a crustose algal-dominated state. In this study, we focussed on 2 largely untested but impor- tant issues during the transition from a foliose algal- to a crustose algal-dominated state: (1) whether sea urchins impact foliose algal community composition by differentially removing species and (2) whether any impacts of grazing vary with 2 different densities of aggregating sea urchins. We tracked the movement of a high-density front of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma and then performed experimental manipulations of H. erythrogramma at 2 unusually high but naturally occur- ring densities. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) followed by analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed differences in the foliose algal community composition, and therefore differential removal of species, between permanent plots before and during grazing (surveys), and between grazed and ungrazed plots (experiment). Of the 6 abundant foliose algae, 2 had relatively low sur- vivorship (Amphiroa anceps and Zonaria diesingiana), while 2 had relatively high survivorship (Delisea pulchra and Corallina officinalis) when grazed by high densities of sea urchins. Grazing by different densities of H. erythrogramma resulted in differences in the foliose algal community composition and for the chemically-defended D. pulchra there appeared to be a threshold sea urchin density required before its removal. Our results show that an intermediate community state composed of grazer-resistant foliose algae and crustose algae can occur, which may have important consequences for community composition.
History, Global Distribution, and Nutritional Importance of Citrus Fruits

Abstract: Although the mysteries of its history and origin remain unsolved, worldwide cultivation and high-demand production for citrus fruit (genus Citrus in family Rutaceae) make it stand high among fruit crops. Growth of the citrus industry, including rapid development of the processing technology of frozen concentrated orange juice after World War II, has greatly expanded with international trade and steadily increased consumption of citrus fruits and their products during the past several decades. Characterized by the distinct aroma and delicious taste, citrus fruits have been recognized as an important food and integrated as part of our daily diet, playing key roles in supplying energy and nutrients and in health promotion. With low protein and very little fat content, citrus fruits supply mainly carbohydrates, such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Fresh citrus fruits are also a good source of dietary fiber, which is associated with gastrointestinal disease prevention and lowered circulating cholesterol. In addition to vitamin C, which is the most abundant nutrient, the fruits are a source of B vitamins (thiamin, pyridoxine, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and folate), and contribute phytochemicals such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and limonoids. These biological constituents are of vital importance in human health improvement due to their antioxidant properties, ability to be converted to vitamin A (for example, β-cryptoxanthin), and purported protection from various chronic diseases.
MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS (QUTHA ) Cucumis melo PLANTED IN IRAQ

A field experiment was carried out at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad . during 2016. to investigate the genetic diversity for six genotype of snake melon Cucumis melo var. flexuosus (Qutha ), cultivated in Iraq. These selected genotypes were collected from Iraq's Governorates (Baghdad, Sulaymaniyah, Mosul, Salahadeein, and Diyala )in addition to commercial genotype and designated as A,B,C,D,E, and F, respectively. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications Genetic diversity among the six selected genotype was studied utilizing the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and linked with fruits morphological traits. The results showed that the highest genetic diversity (0.285) observed between the genotype (A and B ) and between (A and D) was (0.235) ,while the genotype (C and D) had the lowest genetic distances which was (0.031), as well as between( E and F) was (0.059). Also the results revealed that Genetic distances depend on the variance phenotypic of fruits recorded about (1 ) as highest number among the genotype (A and D) , (B and D ), (C and D ), (D and E ), and (D and F ), while the lowest was about ( 0.091 ) for (A and C.)Genotype