Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREDICTING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS FROM ROADWAY ELEMENTS OF RURAL TWO-LANE HIGHWAYS WITH GRAVEL SHOULDERS

THE INVESTIGATION DESCRIBED IN THIS REPORT REPRESENTS RESEARCH BY THE OREGON STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT TO DEVELOP EQUATIONS WHICH CAN BE USED TO PREDICT ACCIDENTS ON RURAL 2-LANE HIGHWAYS FROM ROADWAY ELEMENTS SUCH AS ADT, LANE WIDTH, SHOULDER WIDTH, SLIGHT DISTANCE RESTRICTIONS, COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS, AND INTERSECTIONS. A SAMPLE OF NEARLY 1,400 MILES OF 2-LANE HIGHWAYS WAS UTILIZED. THE DATA WERE ANALYZED THROUGH THE USE OF MULTIPLE CORRELATION TECHNIQUES. THE RESULT OF THE ANALYSIS IS A SERIES OF EQUATIONS WHICH CAN BE USED TO PREDICT TOTAL ACCIDENTS ON RURAL 2-LANE HIGHWAYS IN OREGON. THE IMPORTANT CONCLUSIONS WHICH CAN BE DRAWN FROM THE FINDINGS OF THE STUDY ARE AS FOLLOWS: (1) MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS ARE DIRECTLY RELATED TO VEHICLE VOLUMES AND CERTAIN PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE HIGHWAY. THIS RELATIONSHIP IS STRONG ENOUGH IN THE HIGHER ADT RANGES TO MAKE POSSIBLE REASONABLE ACCURATE PREDICTIONS OF TOTAL ACCIDENTS ON THE BASIS OF KNOWN PHYSICAL FEATURES. (2) ACCESS TO THE HIGHWAY THROUGH DRIVEWAYS OR INTERSECTIONS IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO ACCIDENTS AT ALL ADT LEVELS. THE NUMBER OF ACCESS POINTS IS A REASONABLY GOOD PREDICTIVE INDEX OF THE NUMBER OF POTENTIAL ACCIDENTS WITHIN AN ADT GROUP. (3) ALTHOUGH THE HIGHWAY DESIGN ELEMENTS SUCH AS LANE WIDTH, SHOULDER WIDTH, AND SIGHT DISTANCE RESTRICTION ARE RELATED TO ACCIDENTS, THEY DO NOT ORDINARILY SERVE AS GOOD PREDICTORS OF THE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS. GENERALLY SPEAKING, WIDER LANES, WIDER SHOULDERS, AND UNIMPAIRED SIGHT DISTANCE RESULT IN A SAFER HIGHWAY. (4) AN ANALYSIS OF THE DATA PRESENTED IN THIS REPORT CONFIRMS THE THEORY THAT ACCIDENTS ARE ESSENTIALLY CHANCE OCCURRENCES RESULTING FROM ERRORS IN JUDGMENT. THE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS INCREASES WITH THE NUMBER OF SITUATIONS PRESENTING A CHANGE IN CONDITIONS, AND THEREFORE REQUIRING A DECISION ON THE PART OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATOR. THESE DATA CONFIRM THIS THEORY IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS: (1) ACCIDENTS ON LOW VOLUME ROADS DO NOT APPEAR TO BE RELATED TO ANY ROADWAY FEATURE, (2) ACCIDENTS INCREASE WHEN: (1) VEHICLE VOLUME INCREASES (2) ACCESS POINTS INCREASE, (3) SIGHT DISTANCE IS IMPAIRED, (4) THE CROSS-SECTION IS REDUCED. /AUTHOR/
Round small-diameter timber for construction : final report of project FAIR CT 95-0091

The use of small-diameter timber in construction has been investigated. The aim of the work is to increase the use of the wood harvested in forest thinning in construction applications. The work has covered a wide range of aspects, from availability of the material to design of the structures. This publication summarizes the results in following areas: availability, dimensions and quality of conifers harvested in forest thinning, cost of harvesting and woodworking, comparison of drying methods: seasoning, warm-temperature and high-temperature kiln-drying, improving durability, strength of round small-diameter conifers, potential types of structures to be built from round timber and new mechanical joints. The tree species that were included in the study are Scots pine, Norway spruce, Sitka spruce, Larch and Douglas fir. The main reasons why round timber is rarely used in construction can be summarized as: the material is not available via the normal commercial routes, the roundness requires special methods and systems that are not known by architects and carpenters, the strength values of timber connections are not available for engineers, the lack of standards and models. This research aims to produce information needed in the use of small roundwood in load-bearing structures in order to remove the obstacles mentioned above. Results concerning availability of construction-quality round timber in the first commercial thinning reveal that the resource itself is vast: millions of cubic meters in Finland alone. The yield per hectare is, however, limited and dependent on the dimensions required. When the diameter of the final product is 4 adequate at less than 100 mm, the first commercial thinning is also economic for the harvesting of construction timber. The economics of manual and mechanical harvesting have been compared. When larger dimensions are needed, the second thinning is more likely to produce the required material. The cost of producting round timber is primarily dependent on the surface quality needed: timber peeled cylindrical is twice as expensive as material that is only debarked. Both of these have their own market. The cost of construction is dependent on labour costs, which at the moment is higher for round timber than for sawn timber because conventional systems are not suited for the use of round timber. Additional costs may arise from the deviations of cylindrical form. Drying is a critical phase of production, which determines how much checking is observed. In this respect, high-temperature drying gives much better quality than normal, commercial …
Genre Analysis of International Conference Paper Abstracts

The study consists of two parts. The first is to describe the moves, the language function, the most dominant language function, and verbs of process function in the abstracts. The second is to explain how the linguistic elements (grammatical categories), three modalities (certain, probable, and possible), and the non-linguistic elements support the rhetorical and logical moves and the language functions operating in the abstracts. As it is a genre analysis of international conference paper abstracts, the data were taken from the specific discourse community of international conference paper abstracts of SEAAIR conference. Theoretically, this study contributes to a fuller understanding of research on genre of international conference paper abstracts, particularly written by the discourse community of SEAAIR.
Efficient routing on multi-modal transportation networks

Mobility is an important aspect of modern society. Consequently, there is a growing demand for services offering efficient route planning. In this thesis, we study multi-modal routing and the Dial-a-Ride system. Both respond to the need of a more efficient utilization of the available transportation infrastructure, which is an important component of sustainable development. Multi-modal route planning is complex because of the various modes of transportation which have to be combined. A generalization of Dijkstra's algorithm may be used to find shortest paths on multi-modal networks. However, its performance is not sufficient for real world applications. For this reason, this thesis introduces a new algorithm called SDALT. It is an adaption of the speed-up technique ALT. To evaluate the performance of SDALT, we produced a graph of a real-world multi-modal network based on transportation data of the French region Ile-de-France. It includes walking, public transportation, car, and bicycle, as well as timetable information and traffic data. Experiments show that SDALT performs well, with speed-ups of a factor 1.5 to 60 with respect to the basic algorithm. Other than finding shortest multi-modal paths that optimally combine the use of several modes of transportation, yet another problem arises: finding an optimal multi-modal return path or 2-way path. When using a private vehicle for parts of the outgoing path, it has to be picked up during the incoming path so that it can be taken to the starting location. For this reason, the parking must be chosen in such a way as to optimize the combined travel times of the outgoing and incoming path. We propose an efficient algorithm that solves this problem faster than previous techniques. The Dial-a-Ride system offers passengers the comfort and flexibility of private cars and taxis at a lower cost and higher eco-efficiency by combining similar transportation demands. It works as follows: passengers request the service by calling a central unit. They specify their pick-up point, their delivery point, the number of passengers, and some limitations on their service time (e.g., the earliest departure time). An algorithm then calculates the routes and schedules of the vehicles. We propose a new efficient and fast heuristic, a Granular Tabu Search, to produce good solutions in a short amount of time (up to 3 minutes). Our algorithm produces better results for more than half of the test instances after 60s of optimization time in comparison with other methods.
Comparing Backscatter Communication and Energy Harvesting in Massive IoT Networks

Backscatter communication (BC) and radio-frequency energy harvesting (RF-EH) are two promising technologies for extending the battery lifetime of wireless devices. Although there have been some qualitative comparisons between these two technologies, quantitative comparisons are still lacking, especially for massive IoT networks. In this paper, we address this gap in the research literature, and perform a quantitative comparison between BC and RF-EH in massive IoT networks with multiple primary users and multiple low-power devices acting as secondary users. An essential feature of our model is that it includes the interferences caused by the secondary users to the primary users, and we show that these interferences significantly impact the system performance of massive IoT networks. For the RF-EH model, the power requirements of digital-to-analog and signal amplification are taken into account. We pose and solve a power minimization problem for BC, and we show analytically when BC is better than RF-EH. The results of the numerical simulations illustrate the significant benefits of using BC in terms of saving power and supporting massive IoT, compared to using RF-EH. The results also show that the backscatter coefficients of the BC devices must be individually tunable, in order to guarantee good performance of BC.
Reinforced Concrete Design of Tall Buildings

Design Concept Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Behavior of Reinforced concrete Elements External Loads Lateral Load-Resisting Systems Collapse Patterns Buckling of a Tall Building under its Own Weight Gravity Systems Formwork Considerations Floor Systems Design Methods One-Way Slab, T-Beams, and Two-Way Slabs: Hand Calculations Prestressed Concrete Systems Foundations Guidelines for Thinking on Your Feet Unit Quantities Lateral Load-Resisting Systems Flat Slab-Frame System Flat Slab-Frame with Shear Walls Coupled Shear Walls Rigid Frame Tube System with Widely Spaced Columns Rigid Frame with Haunch Girders Core-Supported Structures Shear Wall-Frame Interaction Frame Tube System Exterior Diagonal Tube Bundled Tube Spinal Wall Systems Outrigger and Belt Wall System Miscellaneous Systems Wind Loads Design Considerations Natural Wind Characteristics of Wind ASCE 7-05: Wind Load Provisions National Building Code of Canada (NBCC 2005): Wind Load Provisions Wind-Tunnels T Seismic Design Building Behavior Seismic Design Concept An Overview of 2006 IBC ASCE 7-05 Seismic Provisions: An Overview An Overview of Chapter 11 of ASCE 7-05, Seismic Design Criteria An Overview of Chapter 12 of ASCE 7-05, Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures ASCE 7-05, Seismic Design: An In-Depth Discussion Seismic Design Example: Dynamic Analysis Procedure (Response Spectrum Analysis) Using Hand Calculations Anatomy of Computer Response Spectrum Analyses (In Other Words, What Goes on in the Black Box) Dynamic Response Concept Dynamic Analysis Theory Seismic Design Examples and Details Seismic Design Recap Design Techniques to Promote Ductile Behavior Integrity Reinforcement Review of Strength Design Intermediate Moment-Resisting Frames Special Moment-Resisting Frames Shear Walls Frame Members Not Designed to Resist Earthquake Forces Diaphragms Foundations Design Examples Typical Details ACI 318-08 Update Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings Code-Sponsored Design Alternate Design Philosophy Code Provisions for Seismic Upgrade Building Deformations Common Defi ciencies and Upgrade Methods Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, ASCE/SEI 41-06 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Systems for Strengthening of Concrete Buildings Seismic Strengthening Details Tall Buildings Historical Background Review of High-Rise Architecture Functional Requirements Definition of Tall Buildings Lateral Load Design Philosophy Concept of Premium for Height Relative Structural Cost Factors for Reduction in the Weight of Structural Frame Development of High-Rise Architecture Structural Scheme Options Summary of Building Technology Structural Concepts Bending and Shear Rigidity Index Case Studies Future of Tall Buildings Special Topics Damping Devices for Reducing Motion Perception Seismic Isolation Passive Energy Dissipation Preliminary Analysis Techniques Torsion Performance-Based Design Wind Deflections References Index
Why She Buys: The New Strategy for Reaching the World's Most Powerful Consumers

Women are the engine of the global economy and buy nearly 80% of all consumer products. They hold the purse strings, and when they’ve got a tight grip on them as they do now, companies must be shrewder than ever to win them over. Just when executives have mastered becoming technology literate, they find there’s another skill they need: becoming female literate. This isn't always easy. In a lively presentation based on her acclaimed book (called “essential reading” by The Wall Street Journal), Brennan educates audiences on the fundamentals of gender psychology, and the global trends driving women’s purchasing decisions. She provides a roadmap for businesses on how to evaluate sales, marketing, branding and product design from a female perspective. Topics include:
A Numerical Study of Wave-in-Deck Impact using a Two-dimensional Constrained Interpolation Profile Method

A Constrained Interpolation Profile method following Hu and Kashiwagi (2004) is developed for wave impact applications. Two-dimensional, unsteady, viscous and incompressible flow is assumed. The numerical model is a finite difference high-order up-wind scheme for solving the Navier.Stokes equations. A domainembedding, staggered Cartesian grid is used for the spatial discretization. The water and air phases are modeled as one fluid. The material properties vary across the domain, and the free surface is modeled as a layer rather than a sharp interface. Different surface capturing schemes based on density functions are tested.Benchmark tests focusing on marine applications are used to develop the code and demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of the method. A numerical wave tank is developed and validated using both higher order wave theory and experimental results from physical wave tanks. Progressive, regular waves are simulated. Wave impact simulations are performed for a simplfied, fixed deck structure. Horizontal and vertical global forces are computed. Different combinations of wave height, wave period and airgap are used in the simulations. The impact process is studied. Parameter studies for wave crest variation and airgap changes are performed. Results are compared with existing experimental results. The global loading process for multiple impacts on the deck box is discussed using both numerical and experimental results.
The numbers game: why everything you know about football is wrong

Football has always been a numbers game: 4-4-2, the big number 9 and 3 points for a win. But what if up until now we've been focusing on the wrong numbers? What if the numbers that really matter, the ones that hold the key to winning matches, are actually 2.66, 53.4, 50/50, and 0 > 1? What if managers only make a 15% difference? What if Chelsea should have bought Darren Bent? In this incisive, myth-busting book, Chris Anderson, former goalkeeper turned football statistics guru, and David Sally, former baseball pitcher turned behavioural economist, show that every shred of knowledge we can gather can help us to love football and understand it even more. You'll discover why stopping a goal is more valuable than scoring one, why corners should be taken short, and why it is better to improve your worst player than to buy a superstar. You'll never play, or watch, a game of football in quite the same way again. The Numbers Game is essential reading for football fans everywhere and will also appeal to readers who loved Moneyball and Freakonomics.
Numerical Analysis of the Scholar Supersonic Combustor

The SCHOLAR scramjet experiment is the subject of an ongoing numerical investigation. The facility nozzle and combustor were solved separate and sequentially, with the exit conditions of the former used as inlet conditions for the latter. A baseline configuration for the numerical model was compared with the available experimental data. It was found that ignition-delay was underpredicted and fuel-plume penetration overpredicted, while the pressure rise was close to experimental values. In addition, grid-convergence by means of grid-sequencing could not be established. The effects of the different turbulence parameters were quantified. It was found that it was not possible to simultaneously predict the three main parameters of this flow: pressure-rise, ignition-delay, and fuel-plume penetration.
The influence of crash pulse shape on BioRID response

The magnitude of crash acceleration affects neck injury risk in rear crashes. It is less clear whether different shaped crash pulses of similar overall severity also cause different injury outcomes. This study examined two crash pulse shape characteristics and their effects on dummy responses in rear crashes: 1) oscillations of approximately twice the frequency of the main mode typical of full-scale crash tests and 2) timing of the maximum peak acceleration. The presence of acceleration oscillations did not influence the magnitudes of BioRID responses. The timing of peak sled acceleration did affect both the timing and magnitude of some BioRID responses. For the covering abstract see E135170.
Tunable Filters and RF MEMS Variable Capacitors with Closed Loop Control

Multi-band and multi-mode radios are becoming prevalent and necessary in order to provide optimal data rates across a network with a diverse and spotty landscape of coverage areas (3G, HSPA, LTE, etc.). As the number of required bands and modes increases, the aggregate cost of discrete RF signal chains justifies the adoption of tunable solutions. Tunable filters are one of the pieces crucial to signal chain amalgamation. The main requirements for a tunable filter are high unloaded quality factor, wide tuning range, high tuning speed, high linearity, and small size. MEMS technology is the most promising in terms of tuning range, quality factor, linearity and size. In addition, a filter that maintains a constant passband bandwidth as the center frequency is tuned is preferred since the analog baseband processing circuitry tends to be tailored for a particular signal bandwidth. In this work, a novel design technique for tunable filters with controlled and predictable bandwidth variation is presented. The design technique is presented alongside an analysis and modeling method for predicting the final filter response during design optimization. The method is based on the well known coupling matrix model. In order to demonstrate the design and modeling technique, a novel coupling structure for stripline filters is presented that results in substantial improvements in coupling bandwidth variation over an octave tuning range when compared to combline and interdigitated coupled line filters. In order for a coupled resonator filter to produce an equal ripple Chebyshev response, each resonator of the filter must be tuned to precisely the same resonant frequency. Production tuned filters are routinely tuned in the lab and production environments by skilled technicians in order to compensate for manufacturing tolerances. However, integrated tunable filters cannot be tuned by traditional means since they are integrated into systems on circuit boards or inside front end modules. A fixed tuning table for all manufactured modules is inadequate since the required tuning accuracy exceeds the tolerance of the tuning elements. In this work, we develop tuning techniques for the automatic in-circuit tuning of tunable filters using scalar transmission measurement. The scalar transmission based techniques obviate the use of directional couplers. Techniques based on both swept and single frequency scalar transmission measurement are developed. The swept frequency technique, based on the Hilbert transform derived relative group
A LOW COST FLIGHT T EST INSTRUMENTATION PACKAGE FOR LIGHT AIRCRAFT

The advent of relatively inexpensive DGPS and portable computer equipment enables small aircraft manufacturers to achieve greatly improved flight test efficiency and accuracy when measuring aircraft performance. Furthermore such equipment enables the takeoff performance of floatplanes to be measured which is an important part of the business at Found Aircraft of Canada. Found has developed a low-cost flight test instrumentation package based on DGPS measurements for deriving distance, height and ground speeds. To verify the accuracy of DGPS height measurements made during airfield performance testing, a laser rangefinder system was incorporated suitably corrected for aircraft climb attitude. It was found the laser height measurements generally correlated well with the DGPS derived heights and now DGPS is used as the source of height data, unless problems are flagged. This paper describes the development and features of the instrumentation package. Some flight test results are provided for a landplane version of the Bush Hawk. It is shown that aircraft takeoff accelerations can be derived from DGPS data, thereby reducing the need for accelerometers.
Preoperative Lymphocyte-to-monocyte Ratio and CA125 Level as Risk Factors for Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Background: Detailed descriptions of the relationship between lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio alone and combined with CA125 (COLC) and advanced stage of ovarian cancer (OC) have been lacking to date. This study is to analyze the relationship between LMR, CA125 and COLC and advanced stage of OC.Methods: A retrospective clinicopathologic review was performed. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves of LMR, CA125, and COLC staging OC were constructed. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression model was used to assay the independent risk factors.Results: A total of 225 patients with OC were identified in this cohort. Eighty-five patients with OC were diagnosed at an early stage, and 140 OC patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage. The median of LMR at the early stage was higher than the advanced stage (4.39 vs. 2.78), and the median of CA125 was lower than the advanced stage (80 U/mL vs. 251.25 U/mL). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that LMR (OR=0.314, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.143–0.687, P=0.004) and CA125 (OR=4.045, 95%CI: 1.883–8.692, P<0.001) were associated with OC staging. Furthermore, the area under the curve of COLC was higher than that of LMR (0.779 vs. 0.732) or CA125 (0.779 vs. 0.708) in staging OC. The specificity of COLC was higher than that of LMR (87.11% vs. 70.61%) or CA125 (87.11% vs. 61.21%) in staging OC.Conclusions: LMR alone or in combination with CA125 might be associated with OC staging. Besides, as a predictive factor, COLC may have high specificity in staging OC.
Planning Matters: The Impact of Development Planning in Primary Schools

Introduction The Growth of School Development Planning The Development Planning Process The Complexity of Development Planning Development Planning and School Improvement The Research Design and our Methodology The National Survey of LEAs The Headteachers' Story The Classteachers' Story The Emergence of Different Types of Plans The Written Plans The Classroom Story The Governors' Story The LEAs' Story The Theoretical Implications of the Research Findings The Practical Implications of the Study