Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of soil test extractants used in mid-Atlantic United States

A study was conducted to develop conversion equations between the five soil test extractants commonly used by public and private soil testing laboratories serving clients in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Three hundred soil samples were selected from among the samples submitted to the University of Delaware Soil Testing Program for routine fertility analysis. The samples were extracted with Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3, Bray P1, 1 N pH 7.0 ammonium acetate and 0.1 N HCl and analyzed for phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe), as appropriate to the method. Significant linear relationships suitable for use as conversion equations were obtained between all extractants across a wide range of soil concentrations. Analysis of the 95% confidence bounds around the predictive equations showed large confidence intervals for some nutrient–extractant combinations (e.g., P, Mn, and Fe). Separation of the data into sub-populations based upon nutrient concentration (e.g., Mehlich 3 P200 mg P dm− 3) and subsequent statistical analysis reduced the width of the confidence interval for some, but not all, relationships. For nutrient–extractant combinations where multiple relationships have been produced for specific concentration ranges, selection of the appropriate equation should be made based upon the intended application of the resulting data and the relevant concentration range (e.g., development of agronomic nutrient recommendations would require accuracy at “low P” concentrations versus limiting P application might require accuracy at “high” P concentrations). Statistical analysis of the data set using regression analysis with the “no intercept” option produced simple conversion factors that could also be used to rapidly and easily convert the results obtained with one soil test to those of another extractant. These “simple conversion factors” had slopes and confidence intervals that were comparable to those produced using standard regression analysis. The absence of an intercept component in the resulting relationship, however, would make these conversion factors more simplistic and less cumbersome for clients to use when comparing soil test results.
Effects of calcium and aluminum in the soil solution of acid, surface soils on root elongation of mungbean

Short term root growth bioassays using mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) were conducted on 39 surface soils in the unamended state and following the addition of CaCO3 or CaSO4.2H2O. Root length after 48 h growth was related to solid phase and soil solution Ca and Al attributes. Suitable diagnostic indices for the prediction of Ca limitations to root growth were either Ca saturation of the cation exchange capacity or Ca activity ratio (CAR) defined as the ratio of the activity of ca2+ in the soil solution to the summed activities of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Al3+. Values corresponding to 90% relative root length were 34% for Ca saturation and 0.10 for CAR. The activities of Al3+ and AlOH2+ were the Al attributes most strongly correlated with root growth; an Al3+ activity of 1.9 µm~ and an AlOH2+ activity of 0.46 µm corresponded to 90% relative root length. The results suggest that organically complexed Al and the ion pairs Al(OH)+2, Al(OH)04 and AlSO+4 are not plant-toxic. The most effective diagnostic criterion for A1 toxicity in this study was the calcium-aluminium balance (CAB), defined as 2 log(Ca2+) - 6 log(Al3+). The CAB value corresponding to 90% relative root length was 31. The correlation between root growth and CAB was further improved by inclusion of a pH term; this may indicate toxic effects of H+ per se.
RUNNING HEAD: Intervention for Reading Fluency and Self-Efficacy of Reading Fluency 1 Can Reading Fluency and Self-Efficacy of Reading Fluency be Enhanced with an Intervention Targeting the Sources of Self-Efficacy?

The first aim of the study was to analyze whether reading fluency and self-efficacy of reading fluency (SE-rf) are malleable for children (Grades 3–5) with deficits in fluent reading via a 12week special education program targeting both reading fluency and the sources of SE-rf (SEprogram). The second aim was to investigate whether changes in SE-rf are related to changes in reading fluency. The SE-program (n=40) was contrasted with the SKILL-program (n=42) providing training solely in reading fluency. The groups showed equal improvements in reading fluency. Positive change in SE-rf emerged only in the SE-group, and this change was associated with changes in fluency, but the association depended on the reading measure. The findings indicate that a reading fluency intervention supporting self-efficacy by providing concrete feedback and helping children to perceive their progress can yield positive changes in self-efficacy. More research is needed on the variability in intervention responsiveness.
‘I missed a penalty’: the constitutional referendum and Matteo Renzi’s mistakes

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the result of the referendum on constitutional reform held in Italy on 4 December 2016. The votes against (59.1%) won by a significant margin, with an unexpectedly high turnout at the polls and more than 33 million citizens voting. Using as a point of departure the polls carried out prior to and following the referendum, in which Italians said they were essentially in favour of the reform proposed by the prime minister, the essay focuses on the mistakes made by Matteo Renzi that discouraged Italians from voting Yes. These touch on all aspects of the referendum: 1) the parliamentary process, 2) its combination with electoral law, 3) institutional communication, and 4) his political analysis and strategic approach. The final section evaluates the effects of the referendum result on the Italian political system, emphasising the setback to reformism and the strengthening of the anti-system parties that support leaving the Euro (in particular the Movimento 5 Stelle). Italian Summary L’articolo analizza empiricamente il risultato del referendum costituzionale che si è svolto in Italia il 4 dicembre 2016, in cui hanno prevalso nettamente i voti contrari (59,1%) con un’affluenza alle urne inaspettatamente elevata, che ha visto recarsi alle urne oltre 33 milioni di cittadini. Prendendo spunto dai sondaggi precedenti e successivi al referendum, in cui gli italiani si dicevano sostanzialmente favorevoli alla riforma proposta dal premier, il saggio focalizza l’attenzione sugli errori commessi da Matteo Renzi – relativi a ogni aspetto della vicenda referendaria: 1) iter parlamentare, 2) combinazione con la legge elettorale, 3) comunicazione istituzionale, 4) analisi politica e linea strategica – che ha così disincentivato gli italiani dal votare Sì. Nella parte finale vengono valutati gli effetti del risultato referendario sul sistema politico italiano, sottolineando la battuta d’arresto del riformismo e il rafforzamento delle forze politiche anti-sistema, favorevoli all’uscita dall’Euro (fra questi soprattutto il Movimento 5 Stelle).
Characterization of Defects and Stress in Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Films on Glass Substrates by Raman Microscopy

Raman microscopy was applied to characterize polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) on glass substrates for application as thin-film transistors (TFTs) integrated on electronic display panels. This study examines the crystallographic defects and stress in poly-Si films grown by industrial techniques: solid phase crystallization and excimer laser crystallization (ELC). To distinguish the effects of defects and stress on the optical-phonon mode of the Si–Si bond, a semiempirical analysis was performed. The analysis was compared with defect images obtained through electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the Raman intensity for the ELC film is remarkably enhanced by the hillocks and ridges located around grain boundaries, which indicates that Raman spectra mainly reflect the situation around grain boundaries. A combination of the hydrogenation of films and the observation of the Si-hydrogen local-vibration mode is useful to support the analysis on the defects. Raman microscopy is also effective for detecting the plasma-induced damage suffered during device processing and characterizing the performance of Si layer in TFTs.
The Influence of High Iodine Intake on Chosen Blood Parameters of Sheep

DUSOVA HANA, TRAVNICEK JAN, PEKSA ZDENĚK, SIMAK-LIBALOVA KRISTÝNA, SIMKOVA ANNA, FALTA DANIEL, SVEJDOVA KATEŘINA. 2014. The Infl uence of High Iodine Intake on Chosen Blood Parameters of Sheep. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 62(1): 71–79. The objective of the study was to evaluate the infl uence of high iodine intake in ewes on haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of ewes and their lambs. Twelve pregnant ewes of the Sumava sheep breed and their newborn lambs were included in the experiment. Control group (A) consisted of 6 ewes with 7 lambs and experimental group (B) comprised 6 ewes with 6 lambs. The feed ration was enriched with calcium iodate by addition of 3 and 5 mg/kg in group A and group B, respectively. The studied parameters in ewes and lambs were haematocrit value, red blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration in blood, concentration of urea and total proteins, and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood plasma. No diff erences were found out in haematocrit value, red blood cell count, concentration of haemoglobin and total proteins between groups of ewes A and B with their lambs. Urea concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity were higher in ewes of group B and their lambs during the entire experimental period. An increase in the values of urea and alkaline phosphatase in the group of ewes and lambs with higher iodine intake indicates a potential risk of high iodine intake associated with changes in the thyroid activity in ewes and their lambs.
Morphological and Chemical Comparative Analysis of The Human and Bovine Dentin–Adhesive Layer

Abstract Micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µ-EDXRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate dentin treated with an etch and rinse adhesive (ER) and a self-etch adhesive (SE). Ten human molars (H) and ten bovine anterior teeth (B) were prepared (exposure of dentin and divided in the middle) and allocated into two different adhesion strategy groups per substrate (n=40). µ-EDXRF data and SEM images were obtained before and after treatment. Untreated dentin of both substrates did not differ in terms of Ca (p<0.1503), P (p<0.2986) or Ca/P ratio (p<0.1400). H-SE and B-SE specimens showed reduced P content (p<0.0001; p<0.0002), while H-ER and B-ER specimens showed reduced Ca and P content (p<0.0001; p<0.0001) when compared with untreated specimens. The Ca/P ratio was significantly higher in H-ER and B-ER specimens than in H-SE and B-SE specimens (p<0.0001; p<0.0080). Untreated dentin showed a homogeneous elemental distribution. However, after adhesive treatments, the surface of the dentin showed an irregular demineralization pattern. The resin tags and adhesive layer were shorter in bovine specimens than in human specimens due to morphological differences.
Polymer/Surfactant Interaction: Interfacial Aspects

Abstract Surface methods—especially surface tension measurements—have long been used in the study of interaction between water soluble polymers and surfactants. Many factors control “reactivity” in such systems. For example, hydrophobicity (and surface activity) of the polymer can be a dominant factor in the case of uncharged polymer/ionic surfactant pairs, while oppositeness of charge can be dominant in polyelectrolyte/ionic surfactant systems. In the latter case, “ideal” surface behavior in the Gibbsian adsorption sense is often observed. Other “surface” methods used, and briefly alluded to, include neutron reflection, surface rheology, radio tagging, ellipsometry, X-ray reflectivity, and the study of foams. Interaction at the solid/water interface, traditionally studied in mineral dressing research, is receiving increasing attention. References to the use of 20 different instrumental methods are given, together with a brief discussion of the use of three of them, namely electron spin resonance, photon correlation spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
Association of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with Different Sizes of Atmospheric Particulate in Hisar City and its Health Aspects

The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with different particulate sizes of suspended particulate matter (SPM) was studied in Hisar city with the help of a MOUDI-NR 10-stage (18 μm to 0.056 μm) cascade impactor. The vehicular-cum-commercial, vehicular, commercial, and institutional/residential locations had the average concentration (ng/g) of 11.39, 10.39/10.22 (NH 10/Bus Terminus), 8.89, and 8.93, respectively. Vehicular emission was the chief source and diesel-vehicle dominated areas represented higher concentration of PAHs associated with coarse fraction. An increase in PAH associated with fine fraction was observed with an increase in vehicular density. Maximum average concentration (11.26 ng/g) was found to be associated in particle range of <0.56–0.32 μm. It was followed by particle range (μm) of <18–10, <1.8–1, <0.18–0.1, <1–0.56, <5.6–3.2, <0.32–0.18, <3.2–1.8 <0.1–0.056, and <10–5.6 with average values (ng/g) of 10.75, 10.35, 10.22, 10.16, 10.06, 9.50, 9.18, 9.18, and 9.00, respectively. Among the PAHs studied, maximum levels were observed for pyrene, followed by Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, benzo(ghi)perylene, anthracene, and naphthalene. With respect to the percent fraction of PAHs studied, the vehicular-cum-commercial area represented maximum fraction (22%) followed by vehicular area (21% each for NH-10 and Bus Terminus), institutional/residential area (18%), and commercial area (18%). The isomeric ratios revealed that most of the PAHs originate from combustion of diesel, gasoline, used engine oil, and coal/wood. The association of PAHs with fine fraction of health concern since it can penetrate and get accumulated in deep respiratory regions.
1 Social Norms and Homophobia : Exploratory Research and A Group Norms Intervention

Editor’s Note This Working Paper focuses on a topic of growing interest to social norms practitioners—the application of social norms theory to issues of social justice. Throughout the country educators are finding ways to use social norms techniques to support attitudes and behaviors that value diversity, tolerance, and prejudice reduction. Preliminary research suggests that these values, appropriately termed "egalitarian yearnings" by Patricia Fabiano, are held by a majority of our students. Research and programs that correct misperceptions about social justice attitudes can reduce isolation, foster ally behaviors between groups, and encourage individuals to confront prejudicial remarks. When individuals do choose to be passive bystanders it is often because they incorrectly assume that others do not share their social justice values and are therefore comfortable with prejudicial behavior (Berkowitz, forthcoming). The social norms approach can thus lead to promising strategies and interventions to promote social justice on our campuses and in our communities.
MECHANICAL AND WEAR CHARACTERISATION OF QUARRY TAILINGS REINFORCED A6063 METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

The viability of utilizing cheaply sourced quarry tailings (QTs) particles as reinforcing materials for the development of low cost high performance aluminium matrix composites for structural and industrial applications was explored. Aluminium alloy (A6063) was reinforced with 2 – 10 wt. % of 80 μm QTs particulates using stir casting method. Microstructural, mechanical and wear characterisations were carried out on the composites. Micro hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the composites were improved with addition of reinforced particulate in the base matrix alloy. Addition of quarry tailings reinforcements also decreased the wear rate of the composites from 245 mm/Nm to 180 mm/Nm for 10 N and from 260 mm/Nm to 135 mm/Nm for 15 N. Optical and SEM examinations revealed uniform distributions of the QT particles in the molten matrix.
Infrared Emission of OH in the Fundamental and First Overtone Bands

The infrared vibration–rotation spectrum of the hydroxyl radical produced by the reaction of hydrogen atoms and ozone has been recorded. The intensity of individual lines in the fundamental sequence was found to be considerably weaker than was previously predicted. The intensity of lines in the fundamental sequence is compared with the intensity of the first overtone lines to obtain ratios of the vibrational transition probabilities. These ratios are used to remove the ambiguity of the OH dipole moment function associated with previously unknown intensities of the fundamental bands. A complete set of relative transition probabilities is given. An equilibrium flux calculation using atmospheric data is performed using the derived transition probabilities to obtain the vibrational distribution of OH at formation.
Dream Teens Project in the Promotion of Social Participation and Positive Youth Development of Portuguese Youth

Aim: To present a youth participatory action-research program developed in Portugal Dream Teens project, focused on promoting social participation and active citizenship, alongside with its impacts. Methodology: In total, Dream Teens brought together 147 participants (girls=66.66%; boys=33.33%). Five studies were conducted to assess its impact: (i) pre and post test assessment of actionresearch skills among participants (feelings and action-oriented competencies, interpesonal skills, problem solving skills, humanitarianism and feelings towards life); (ii) analysis of the most and least prioritized themes of the program. (iii) interpretation of the project’s results by core group of Resumen Objetivo: Presentar un programa de investigación-acción participativa para jóvenes desarrollado en Portugal (Proyecto Dream Teens), centrado en promover la participación social y la ciudadanía activa, junto con sus consecuencias. Metodología: En total, el proyecto Dream Teens reunió a 147 participantes (niñas = 66,66%; niños = 33,33%). Se realizaron cinco estudios para evaluar su impacto: (i) evaluación previa y final de las habilidades de investigaciónacción entre los participantes (sentimientos y competencias orientadas a la acción, habilidades interpersonales, habilidades para la resolución de problemas, humanitarismo y sentimientos hacia la vida); (ii) análisis de los temas más y menos priorizados del programa, Dream Teens Project in the Promotion of Social Participation and Positive Youth Development of Portuguese Youth
Haptic Teleoperation of Flexible Needles Combining 3D Ultrasound Guidance and Needle Tip Force Feedback

We present a haptic teleoperation system capable of steering flexible needles under ultrasound imaging toward a target. With respect to similar works, this approach enables intuitive control of the needle motion while providing the user with 3D navigation and needle tip cutting force using a combination of kinesthetic and vibrotactile haptic feedback. The needle is tracked during the insertion using a 3D ultrasound probe. A friction estimation algorithm extracts salient information about the cutting force at the needle tip from a force sensor placed at the needle base. A grounded haptic interface enables natural 6-DoF control of the needle motion while providing kinesthetic feedback, and a wearable cutaneous interface on the forearm provides distributed vibrotactile sensations. We carried out a human subject study to validate the insertion system in a gelatine phantom and compare seven different feedback techniques. The best performance was registered when providing navigation cues through kinesthetic feedback and needle tip cutting force through cutaneous vibrotactile feedback. In this modality, results showed an 87% accuracy improvement with respect to providing no haptic feedback at all.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY BASED ON TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE CONCEPTS ON THE COMPANY’S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN MANUFACTURING AND MINING COMPANIES

The purpose of this study is to examine how the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance on corporate financial performance which is measured by the concept of 3P (Profit, People, Planet) seen from the company’s sustainability report while the company’ financial performance is measured by using ratio finance (current ratio, debt to equity ratio, total assets turnover, and return on equity). The population used in this research is manufacturing and mining company in BEI Year 2013–2018, the sample taken is companies that publish financial statements, annual reports, sustainability reports or CSR reports that can be accessed through the company website or on the website of BEI (www.idx.co.id). Research findings indicate that the performance of CSR affects the financial performance of the manufacturing and mining companies.
Biot number effect and non-Fourier effect on temperature field and stress intensity factor of a cracked strip under thermal shock loading

In this paper, we considered a thermal shock problem of a strip with an inner crack parallel to the heated or cooled surface. The effect of the surface heat transfer properties and the non-Fourier effect, which are modified by effective Biot’s number and the non-Fourier factor, were considered to investigate the transient temperature field and the dynamic stress intensity factors (SIFs). Fourier transform and Laplace transform were used to reduce this mixed boundary value problem to singular integral equations (SIEs). The Gauss-Chebyshev numerical integration method was applied to the SIEs and linear equations are obtained. Finally, numerical inverse Laplace transform was used to obtain the temperature field and SIFs. The numerical results showed that Biot’s number not only affects the uniformity of the temperature field and the magnitude of the SIFs strongly, but also makes contributions to the non-Fourier effect. This finding can help better understanding the fracture behaviors of advanced materials and making a progress to determine the applicable conditions of the non-Fourier effect.
All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Diabetic Participants in the San Antonio Heart Study

OBJECTIVE — The observation that Hispanics have lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, despite increased diabetes and obesity, lower socioeconomic status (SES), and barriers to health care, has been termed the “Hispanic Paradox. ” We examined the relationship between ethnicity and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Mexican Americans (MAs) and nonHispanic whites (NHWs) with diabetes.
An Information Management Approach

In the last 20 years, microfinance has moved from a promise to reality, although with ups and downs. This paper reviews 1,874 papers published from 1997 to 2017 to perform a scientometric analysis of the microfinance field. The literature review is based on bibliometric data: keyword cooccurrence networks and citation networks were exploited for knowledge mapping. Data analysis shows the two research traditions: papers focusing on clients (welfarists) and papers focusing on microfinance entities themselves (institutionalists). Institutionalism, which had little presence in the early research in microfinance, now exhibits great strength. A chronological analysis reveals the evolution of the topics most interesting to researchers: the first stage described the innovations of the microcredit practices and their impact; the second and very expansive stage in which microfinance institutions’ peculiarities were analyzed; and nowadays the sector is mature but with negative aspects arising, such as mission drift. The keywords analysis discovers emerging research topics, shows the use of sophisticated techniques, and recognizes an emerging trend of the sector: achieving financial inclusion.