Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Legislative Framework Status for Using Insects as a Feed Component Source

Citation: Andrea Gross Bošković“Legislative Framework Status for Using Insects as a Feed Component Source”. EC Veterinary Science 5.6 (2020): 62-65. In the last decade, the consumption of insects as a source of energy through food and feed has brought important benefits for the environment, economy and securing sufficient amounts of food in the world. Insects are powerful bio-converters that can transform lowquality biomass into nutritionally valuable proteins. In addition, in recent decades, world population has doubled which led to increased food consumption, primarily meat. Therefore, there is a need for additional sources of proteins and other components for fattening animals from sustainable sources which includes farmed insects [1]. The results of studies conducted so far, in which insect meal has been used as a partial or complete replacement of the protein component in standard feeding, differ significantly [2]. Leiber. , et al. [3] found that chicken feed containing crude protein originating from Hermetia illucens had similar or better conversion efficacy results compared to soybean proteins. Also, partial replacement of soybean meal with different combinations of alfalfa or pea protein with the proteins originated from Hermetia illucens does not affect the growth performance of fattening chickens compared to standard poultry feed. De Marco. , et al. [4] conducted a study on the nutritional value of feed produced from Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens meal used in feeding chickens which showed that both types of feed are valuable sources of readily digestible amino acids as well as metabolic energy. Due to the fact that proteins used in standard fattening are primarily from soy meal, and in a much smaller proportion or very rarely from other sources. Essential amino acids (methionine, tryptophan) had been supplemented as in synthesized forms, which are very expensive, and therefor significantly raise the cost of feed per kg. Therefore, it would be economically viable and environmentally acceptable to find a replacement for the protein component [5,6]. The latest researches are focused on the production of mixtures that would meet the nutritional needs of chickens in fattening by all parameters and which would not adversely affect the quality and safety of poultry meat or consumer acceptance.
Cancer Mortality in the North Region of Brazil in the Historical Series 2010-2017

Brazil is among the countries with the highest cancer mortality in the world. More than 200 thousand cancer deaths were estimated in 2015 in the country, which corresponds to approximately 20% of the total deaths. OBJECTIVE: To identify cancer mortality in the Northern Region of Brazil in the Historical Series 2010 2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive analytical study, retrospective type and quantitative approach, carried out in January 2020 with secondary data information, Results of the Computerization System of the Hospital Cancer Registry (SisRHC) from Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2017. RESULTS: In the 20102017 historical series, 9,304 deaths were recorded, with the highest number of cases in the state of Amazonas, which presented a total of 4,264 deaths (6%). As for socio-demographic data, there was a predominance of patients with male gender (51%), aged 60 to 69 years (25%), mixed race (73%), married (41%) and with incomplete primary education (41 %). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: There were noticeable variations in some International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-7, Issue-3, Mar2020] https://dx.doi. org/10.22161/ijaers.73. 29 ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O) www.ijaers. com Page | 175 states between diagnosed cases and mortality rate, which may be linked to the conjuncture of the organization of health care networks, care coverage, social determinants of health. Keywords— Mortality; Cancer; Brazil.
Comparative Kinetic Studies of Two Staphylococcal Lipases Using the Monomolecular Film Technique

Using the monomolecular film technique, we compared the interfacial properties of Staphylococcus simulans lipase (SSL) and Staphylococcus aureus lipase (SAL). These two enzymes act specifically on glycerides without any detectable phospholipase activity when using various phospholipids. Our results show that the maximum rate of racemic dicaprin (rac-dicaprin) hydrolysis was displayed at pH 8.5, or 6.5 with Staphylococcus simulans lipase or Staphylococcus aureus lipase, respectively The two enzymes interact strongly with egg-phosphatidyl choline (egg-PC) monomolecular films, evidenced by a critical surface pressure value of around 23 mN·m^(-1). In contrast to pancreatic lipases, β-lactoglobulin, a tensioactive protein, failed to inhibit Staphylococcus simulans lipase and Staphylococcus aureus lipase. A kinetic study on the surface pressure dependency, stereoselectivity, and regioselectivity of Staphylococcus simulans lipase and Staphylococcus aureus lipase was performed using optically pure stereoisomers of diglycerides (1,2-sndicaprin and 2,3-sn-dicaprin) and a prochiral isomer (1,3-sn-dicaprin) that were spread as monomolecular films at the air-water interface. Both staphylococcal lipases acted preferentially on distal carbo7cylic ester groups of the diglyceride isomer (1,3-sn-dicaprin). Furthermore, Staphylococcus simulans lipase was found to be markedly stereoselective for the sn-3 position of the 2,3-sn-dicaprin isomer.
Cocoa and Coffee

This chapter focuses on the more comprehensive role of fermentation in cocoa curing and to a lesser extent on the role of fermentation in the production of coffee. The two principal objectives of fermentation are to remove mucilage, thus provoking aeration during fermentation of the beans and facilitating drying later on; and to provide heat and acetic acid necessary for inhibiting germination, which ensures proper curing of the beans. Approximately one-half of the world crop is fermented in some type of box, and the remaining half is fermented by using heaps or other primitive methods. The progress of the fermentation is assessed by the odor and the external and internal color changes in the beans. Fermentation begins immediately after beans are removed from the pods, as they become inoculated with a variety of microorganisms from the pod surface, knives, laborers’ hands, containers that are used to transport the beans to the fermentary, dried mucilage on surfaces of the fermentation box (tray, platform, or basket) from the previous fermentation, insects, and banana or plantain leaves. The actual production of chocolate flavor precursors occurs within the cocoa bean and is primarily the result of biochemical changes that take place during fermentation and drying. There are several environmental factors: pH, temperature, and moisture, in the fermenting mass that influence cocoa bean enzyme reactions. Coffee and cocoa are no exceptions, and it is the proper control of the fermentation process that largely determines the color and flavor qualities of the final products.
Towards a simplified fire dynamic simulator model to analyse fire spread between multiple informal settlement dwellings based on full‐scale experiments

This paper develops a Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) model to analyse fire spread for informal settlements, based upon full‐scale experiments. Informal settlements are frequently ravaged by fires, leaving thousands of people homeless, and with more than 1 billion people residing in informal settlements, there is a significant need to understand and improve the fire safety in such areas. Due to high levels of uncertainty inherent with input parameters regarding informal settlements, this work also investigates the sensitivity of fire behaviour to the input parameters used in numerical simulations. It is shown that spread times between two dwellings can vary from 1 minute after flashover to no spread at all, depending on the simulation input parameters selected. This paper highlights the importance of such input parameters when trying to model fire spread between dwellings. The simulations indicate that a simplified fire spread model for informal settlements is possible, especially for steel clad dwellings, however it showed that significant work is required for timber clad dwellings, that is, because the rate at which additional ventilation forms in the simulation for the timber clad dwellings is significantly slower than reality, which is as a result of the simplifications made. The simplification of using heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to model leakages, resulting from the corrugated flutes, showed good enclosure fire dynamics behaviour compared to the experiments, but created new challenges with regards to the spread mechanism, since HVAC systems do not allow electromagnetic waves to penetrate in the same manner as an opening.
Enzymatic Degradation of Chitosans : - A study of the mode of action of selected chitinases and chitosanases

We have studied the degradation of soluble heteropolymeric chitosans with a bacterial family 19 chitinase, ChiG from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), to obtain insight into the mode of action of ChiG, to determine subsite preferences for acetylated and deacetylated sugar units, and to evaluate the potential of ChiG for production of chito-oligosaccharides. Degradation of chitosans with varying degrees of acetylation was followed using NMR for the identity (acetylated/deacetylated) of new reducing and nonreducing ends as well as their nearest neighbors and using gel filtration to analyze the size distribution of the oligomeric products. Degradation of a 64% acetylated chitosan yielded a continuum of oligomers, showing that ChiG operates according to a nonprocessive, endo mode of action. The kinetics of the degradation showed an initial rapid phase dominated by cleavage of three consecutive acetylated units (A; occupying subsites -2, -1, and +1), and a slower kinetic phase reflecting the cleavage of the glycosidic linkage between a deacetylated unit (D, occupying subsite -1) and an A (occupying subsite +1). Characterization of isolated oligomer fractions obtained at the end of the initial rapid phase and at the end of the slower kinetic phase confirmed the preference for A binding in subsites -2, -1, and +1 and showed that oligomers with a deacetylated reducing end appeared only during the second kinetic phase. After maximum conversion of the chitosan, the dimers AD/AA and the trimer AAD were the dominating products. Degradation of chitosans with varying degrees of acetylation to maximum degree of scission produced a wide variety of oligomer mixtures, differing in chain length and composition of acetylated/deacetylated units. These results provide insight into the properties of bacterial family 19 chitinases and show how these enzymes may be used to convert chitosans to several types of chito-oligosaccharide mixtures.
The Effect of Family Involvement on Innovation Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Board Social Capital

Innovation is an essential and yet puzzling part of family firms’ strategic focus. While family firms are generally characterized as conservative regarding their research and development (R&D) activities, researchers have recently argued that family firms can still achieve innovation-based competitive advantages. Seeking to understand the link between family influence and the outcomes of innovation, we suggest that it is necessary not only to observe the depth of family involvement, but also to differentiate between technological inventions and market innovations. We further posit that the board members’ social capital constitutes an important contingency for this link. We, therefore, investigate the relationship between family involvement and two different outcomes: the number of the firm’s inventions and the market relevance of innovations. Our analysis of S&P 500 firms comprises 1.85 million patents and manual evaluations of 1774 product announcements. The results of our estimations suggest that family involvement is negatively related to the number of inventions and positively related to the market relevance of innovations. They further show that internal and external board social capital moderate the relationship between family involvement and the number of inventions. This study adds to the discussion about family firm innovation by using socioemotional wealth to explain heterogeneity in innovation patterns and revealing that relational resources derived from board social capital are crucial boundary conditions for families’ influence on technological inventions. Taken together, it works toward a more holistic view of innovation in family-influenced firms.
Development of Higher-order Thinking Test Instrument on Fluid Material for Senior High School Students

This study aims to produce valid and reliable HOTS physics questions based on Borg and Gall development model. The data collection instruments used consisted of questions grids, question sheets, and validation sheets. The data analysis techniques used were item analysis consisting of validity, difficulty level, and discrimination index analysis, and reliability test. The results of this development are 15 valid questions out of 25 items developed. Of the 25 items, 3 items were declared difficult, 20 items had a moderate level of difficulty, and 2 other items were relatively easy. Also, these questions were stated to be reliable through the Cronbach Alpha value of 0.78. The results of this study indicate (1) the instrument is declared valid by the experts with the value of 4.5 and (2) this instrument is declared reliable through the reliability tests on stage one and two respectively with the obtained value of 0.74 and 0.76 which is included in the high-reliability level. Thus, based on the results of the research, the HOTS instrument on fluid material is classified as valid and reliable.
Temporal scaling of temperature variability from land to oceans

Recent theoretical models show that the scaling of environmental variability affects the dynamics and persistence of populations. These models explore the effect of different noise colours, without much evidence as to theactual scaling of environmental variability in nature. Here we revisit the assertion of Steele (1985) that temperature scales differently on land than in the ocean, and we test whether these results can be extrapolated to aquatic systems in general. We compare spectra of temperature variability at 57 sites in air, rivers, lakes, the North American Great Lakes and oceans. The slopes of temperature spectra are only slightly negative on land (- white noise) and become systematically steeper (reddened) in rivers, lakes, the Great Lakes and oceans. Coastal sites in the Great Lakes and the oceans are most similar to smaller lakes. We report plateaux in temperature spectra that differ markedly from the structure of environmental variability currently used in population dynamics models.
Root Heterogeneity And Replant Disease Development On The Fine Root System Of Apple

Root growth and development structure plant interactions with soil-borne pathogens by shaping the spatial and temporal availability of susceptible tissues. To evaluate apple root heterogeneity and susceptibility to apple replant disease (ARD) pathogens, a greenhouse bioassay of two rootstock genotypes, M.26 and CG.210, was conducted. Pathogen abundance was compared across root branching orders and growth trajectories (1 order fine-feeder vs. pioneer) and anatomical development and tissue phenolics were evaluated as mechanisms of tissue resistance. Rootstock growth and defense were then investigated for the two genotypes previously shown to be more (M.26) or less (CG.210) susceptible to ARD. Quantitative PCR estimates of pathogen DNA concentration were lower in pioneer roots and 3 order roots compared to 1 and 2 orders, which corresponded to distinct stages of tissue maturation including the senescence of cortical tissues in 2 order roots and loss in 3 order roots. Phenolic profiles indicate distinct compounds are preferentially allocated to different root branching orders. Phloridzin (phloretin 2’-O-glucoside) was found in greater concentration in higher branching orders, while defense induction or stress response was only detected in 1 order and pioneer roots. CG.210 roots had lower abundance of Cylindrocarpon spp. , Pythium irregulare, and P. sylvaticum DNA in 1 order and pioneer roots compared to M.26, a different phenolic profile, and accumulated two-fold more root biomass than M.26 in both the replant soil and the pasteurized control. These results suggest that apple root maturation controls tissue resistance and response to pathogen infection, and that root branching order can provide a functional classification of fineroots meaningful to investigations of plant-pathogen interactions. The ability of CG.210 to maintain growth in replant soil may be attributable to relative resistance to replant pathogens in distal root branches and tolerance of infection based on increased rates of root growth.
The impact of sexual activity during the third trimester of pregnancy on labor outcome in nulliparous women

Pregnancy is a period of great physical and psychological changes in women; perceived differently by each couple. These physical changes bring about discomfort in the couple, which leads to a change in frequency and even the arrest of intercourse during pregnancy. The sympathetic signs of pregnancy such as nausea, vomiting, enlargement of the abdomen and fatigue lead to a decrease in libido. In nulliparas, the fear of the effects of intercourse on pregnancy is greater because they are going through their first pregnancy; especially the fear of having a miscarriage or to hurt the unborn baby. Equally, the partners of nulliparous women are doubly scared of hurting the mother and the unborn baby. Some cultural believes forbid intercourse during pregnancy for various reasons, while others do admit intercourse but only at the beginning of the pregnancy. ABSTRACT
Numeric or weighted distribution? The effect of different channel performance metrics on market share

Abstract Previous studies have found a convex relation between weighted measures of distribution and market share for consumer products in developed economies, while companies in emerging markets often use a non-weighted (numeric) distribution measure to manage their channel strategy. In contrast to the markets with high retail concentration, the numeric distribution could be best suited to a more fragmented retail market in which the percentage of physical distribution is important. We investigate the effects of expanding numeric versus expanding weighted distribution by studying stores in channels and regions characterized by structural differences in an emerging market. Our data come from retail audits in Brazil and include 91 soft drink manufacturers, 195 brands and 1,110 stock-keeping units. Our study highlights the importance of numeric distribution as a performance measure in this market. Additionally, we show that the effects of numeric and weighted distribution on market share vary by region and channel format.
Spatial ecology of timber rattlesnakes on the hardwood ecosystem experiment: pre-treatment results

The timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) is a species of conservation concern throughout much of its geographic range and may serve as a sentinel species in investigations of the effects of timber harvesting on forest reptiles. Our objective was to determine the effect of even-aged timber management regimes on timber rattlesnake home range and movements. During pre-treatment data collection in 2007 and 2008, we tracked 23 rattlesnakes on 4 units of the Hardwood Ecosystem Experiment in Indiana. Home-range sizes of male rattlesnakes (65.7 ha) were greater than non-gravid (20.6 ha) and gravid (17.6 ha) females. Home ranges were generally consistent among units and between treatments. These data will allow us to test for immediate responses of timber rattlesnakes to even-aged timber management.
A heuristic approach for scheduling activities with ‘OR’-precedence constraints at an underground mine

ABSTRACT Medium-term development planning of underground mines requires scheduling multiple activities to comply with long-term milestones, and to obtain a time span as short as possible. However, the planning must also respect the availability of construction resources and precedence constraints, which in our case can be disjunctive, that is with more than one alternative predecessor. In this paper, we present an optimisation model to find the schedule of minimum length, satisfying all the constraints mentioned. We develop a heuristic approach to solve it and show that it can be used to produce feasible development plans in a real mine.
Quality of life of elderly people who practice physical activities

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida dos idosos e pessoas em envelhecimento. Metodologia : Amostra foi composta por 37 idosos em envelhecimento. Foi aplicado um pre- teste (MEEM). Os criterios de inclusao e exclusao foram para a obtencao da amostra final, obtida a partir da aplicacao do questionario WHOQOL – OLD. Foram analisados atraves do programa EXCEL 2010. Resultados : O estudo mostrou que a pratica da atividade fisica com idosos teve o intuito de uma QV melhor, observando-se que a prevalencia e do sexo feminino. Conclusao : Este estudo pode ajudar na elaboracao de acoes em saude, a partir da melhor compreensao das questoes que influenciam a qualidade de vida dos idosos, devido a diminuicao da autoestima.
Predictors of puma occupancy indicate prey vulnerability is more important than prey availability in a highly fragmented landscape

Habitat fragmentation represents the single greatest conservation challenge of the 21st century. This problem is particularly acute for large, obligate carnivores like pumas Puma concolor which have persisted in North and South America in the face of habitat fragmentation and other anthropogenic disturbances. Shrinking habitat and reduced connectivity mean that mapping habitat is increasingly important for species conservation in multiple-use landscapes. Previous work suggests that pumas occupy habitats where sufficient stalking cover and preferred prey are present, yet the intersection of these factors has rarely been assessed. Here we used data from 68 299 camera trap nights collected from 181 sites throughout the San Francisco Bay Area over a four-year period to identify key predictors of habitat occupancy for pumas and their primary prey (mule deer Odocoileus hemionus). Our goal was to determine whether pumas occupy habitats based on relative measures of prey availability (detection frequency), or ease of predation (density of stalking cover) and whether these predictors changed between seasons. Our results indicated that pumas primarily occupied forested habitats and did not choose habitats with abundant deer. Instead, pumas preferentially occupy habitats that facilitate their stalk and ambush hunting strategy, rather than higher prey densities, per se. The best occupancy models for mule deer indicated the importance of roads and shrub cover. However, even the best deer models performed poorly compared to the puma models, likely due to the ubiquity of mule deer in the region. Although prey density is a widely accepted correlate of habitat quality for many carnivores, our results suggest that structural elements of habitat may be a more important variable in predicting habitat use by large stalk and ambush predators like pumas, which has important implications for conservation success.