Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of geothermal energy obtained from a deep well in the coldest provincial capital of China

The abundantly available renewable geothermal energy resources play an important role in people’s life in the applications of hot water supply, greenhouse heating, air conditioning, electricity generating, breeding, incubating, drying, irrigating, refrigeration, and so on. This study investigated the characteristics of geothermal energy obtained from a 100 m deep well in Harbin, the coldest provincial capital of China. The effects of air temperature, wind scale, and fluid velocity were also studied. When the air temperature varied in the range of –21.76 ~ –15.27 oC and the wind scale was in the range of 2-5, the tube and soil temperatures varied in the ranges of –1.3 ~ 1.8, 3.9 ~ 4.6, 6.6 ~ 7.7, 7.7-8.7, 8.9 ~ 9.8, 10.4 ~ 11.3, 11.9 ~ 13.1, and 13.4 ~ 14.8 oC for the well depths of 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 m, respectively. Ambient conditions had significant effect on the soil temperature above 1 m whereas nearly no effect on the soil temperature under 5 m. When the fluid velocities were between 0.09 m/s and 0.18 m/s, the tube temperatures reached stable within one hour, and the fluid velocity had slight effect on the tube temperatures. The results obtained from this study offer precious geothermal energy information for the cold regions of China and also the whole world.
Hyperflares of M Dwarfs

From a study of the light curves of the M dwarfs observed by the Kepler space telescope in its primary mission, a number of flare events with the peak flux increases reaching more than the nominal stellar luminosity have been found. One of them, KIC 9201463, produced an extreme flare with the peak flux increase jumping to five times the quiet-time value. In relative terms, this class of hyperflares is much stronger than the superflares of the solar-type stars and could have a very important influence on the atmospheric evolution and the potential development of biospheres of habitable super-Earths orbiting around M dwarf stars. A cross-correlation of the flare activities of some of these M dwarf stars and their Hα equivalent width (EW) values derived from the LAMOST project indicates that the Hα EW values can be used to monitor the occurrence of hyperflares as well as the level of flare activity of different classes of M dwarfs with fast to slow rotations, and hence the long-term environmental effects of star–planet interaction of exoplanets.
Nonlinear Vibration of Orthotropic Rectangular Membrane Structures Including Modal Coupling

The membrane structure has been applied throughout different fields such as civil engineering, biology, and aeronautics, among others. In many applications, large deflections negate linearizing assumptions, and linear modes begin to interact due to the nonlinearity. This paper considers the coupling effect between vibration modes and develops the theoretical analysis of the free vibration problem for orthotropic rectangular membrane structures. Von Kármán theory is applied to model the nonlinear dynamics of these membrane structures with sufficiently large deformation. The transverse displacement fields are expanded with both symmetric and asymmetric modes, and the stress function form is built with these coupled modes. Then, a reduced model with a set of coupled equations may be obtained by the Galerkin technique, which is then solved numerically by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The model is validated by means of an experimental study. The proposed model can be used to quantitatively predict the softening behavior of amplitude-frequency, confirm the asymmetric characters of mode space distribution, and reveal the influence of various geometric and material parameters on the nonlinear dynamics.
Experimental measurements of break-up reactions to study alpha clustering in carbon-12 and beryllium-9

Due to the high binding energy of the α-particle, this object can preform in heavier atomic nuclei. This work explores α-clustering in \(^9\)Be and \(^12\)C by measuring their nuclear break-up. For \(^9\)Be, it has been proposed that the two α-particles of the unstable \(^8\)Be nucleus are bound together by a covalently shared neutron. This thesis reports the observation of a state in \(^9\)Be at 3.8 MeV through the \(^9\)Be(\(^4\)He,α)ααn reaction. By comparing its reduced width with that of a potential mirror analogue in \(^9\)B, its angular momentum was shown to be J < 7/2. This is consistent with a hitherto unmeasured 3/2\(^+\) molecular binding configuration state. The \(^12\)C nucleus is thought to consist of three α-clusters and its famous Hoyle state has been shown to possess an unusually large volume. Due to its low density, this state may behave like a Bose-Einstein condensate, where the fermonic structures of the constituent α-particles are no longer important. By precisely measuring the decay of the Hoyle state into three α-particles, through the \(^12\)C(\(^4\)He,α)3α reaction, an upper limit for the direct 3α decay branch of 0.047% was obtained. This lies below predictions for the decay of a condensate state, casting doubt on this interpretation.
Bianchi type I anisotropic power-law solutions for the Galileon models

We will study the cosmological solutions of a class of Galileon models. A special class of the Bianchi type I power-law solutions will be presented in this paper. We will show that these Bianchi type I power-law solutions are stable during the inflationary phase. In addition, we will also show that the presence of a phantom field induces at least an unstable mode for the perturbation equation and destabilizes the power-law solutions.
Analysis of Coordination in multiple Agents Formations through Partial Difference Equations

In this paper we introduce the framework of Partial difference Equations (PdEs) over graphs for analyzing the behavior of multiple agent formations equipped with decentralized control schemes. PdEs mimic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on graphs and can be studied by introducing functional analysis concepts strongly inspired to the corresponding ones arising in PDEs theory. We generalize different formation models proposed in the literature by introducing errors in the agent dynamics and analyze agent coordination through the joint use of PdEs and automatic control tools. Moreover, for the simplest control schemes, we show that the resulting PdEs enjoy properties that are similar to those of well-known PDEs like the heat equation, thus allowing to exploit physical-based reasoning for conjecturing formation properties.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE ABOUT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FOR ATTAINMENT OF HEALTH RELATED GOALS AMONG PERIPHERAL HEALTH WORKERS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Background: Peripheral health workers (PHWs) can play vital roles in increasing cover- age of basic health services. Objectives: To assess the Knowledge and attitude of the PHWs on SDGs for attainment of health related goals. Design: Systematic review and Meta-analysis Methods: The literature review was systematically searched (pubMed, Medline). from studies were included this give quantitative data about knowledge and attitude for attainment of Health related goals. Results: Average sample size was 982.A pooled analysis of all studies indicated a Pooled estimate of mean age 30.42± 5 years.90% of PHWs have knowledge on general health care;>40 year age have perfect knowledge; average score of PHWs 86.71%; prevention and management (percentage agreement: 34,
The Ramification of Prestigious Underwriters, IPO Pricing Method, and Institutional Allocation on Indonesia IPO Underpricing during 2010-2021

This research analyses how prestigious underwriters, IPO pricing, and share allocations shape IPO underpricing in Indonesia. 359 out of 406 Indonesian companies in the period 2010-2021 were underpriced on the first day of trading, noting the importance of investigating the rationale behind the underpricing phenomenon, which proliferates in the finance literature. This study examines the degree of IPO underpricing after the period post-Global Financial Crisis and the outbreak of COVID-19. This research found that the mean of underpricing amounted to 36,77% in 2010-2021. Prestigious underwriters have been proven significantly squeeze the level of underpricing vis-à-vis non-prestigious underwriters. Moreover, the research found that most institutional investors get disproportionately higher shares of the issuing companies. The finding signifies the lucrative capital gain for investors to pursue on the first day of trading.
Environmental Education Based on the Analysis of the Social Recovery Mechanisms Implemented Post-COVID

Background and Objective: The followed objective of this paper is to analyze the obstacles that the Talara’s Refinery Modernization faced and the taken actions for pos Covid recuperation on as its inner population as in the surrounding society seen from a theorical approach. Method: The approach is qualitative since it responds to a documentary study. Results: The results obtained in the research allude to the fact that the social recovery mechanisms implemented in the PMRT, they favor the surrounding communities and their contractors in a way that generated a better social coexistence, favoring a sustainable environmental education. Conclusion: The environmental education can provide analysis, awareness and understanding to achieve a mature society that combines the personal change that is needed today with political and community commitment. It is clear that Petroperu with the actions carried out promoted the strengthening of social ties for the benefit of the surrounding communities, however, the pandemic still continues and transforms itself, so environmental education becomes relevant as the crisis lessens, talking about health education programs will make it possible to save the welfare of the population.
Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine therapy in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: A multicenter single‐arm phase II study (NAC‐GA trial)

Nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine is a standard treatment for metastatic/locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy with nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (GnP‐NAT) in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) remains unclear.
A single‐station empirical model for TEC over the Antarctic Peninsula using GPS‐TEC data

Compared with regional or global total electron content (TEC) empirical models, single‐station TEC empirical models may exhibit higher accuracy in describing TEC spatial and temporal variations for a single station. In this paper, a new single‐station empirical total electron content (TEC) model, called SSM‐month, for the O'Higgins Station in the Antarctic Peninsula is proposed by using Global Positioning System (GPS)‐TEC data from 01 January 2004 to 30 June 2015. The diurnal variation of TEC in the O'Higgins Station may have changing features in different months, sometimes even in opposite forms, because of ionospheric phenomena, such as the Mid‐latitude Summer Nighttime Anomaly (MSNA). To avoid the influence of different diurnal variations, the concept of monthly modeling is proposed in this study. The SSM‐month model, which is established by month (including 12 submodels that correspond to the 12 months), can effectively describe the diurnal variation of TEC in different months. Each submodel of the SSM‐month model exhibits good agreement with GPS‐TEC input data. Overall, the SSM‐month model fits the input data with a bias of 0.03 TECU (total electron content unit, 1 TECU = 1016 el m−2) and a standard deviation of 2.78 TECU. This model, which benefits from the modeling method, can effectively describe the MSNA phenomenon without implementing any modeling correction. TEC data derived from Center for Orbit Determination in Europe global ionosphere maps (CODE GIMs), International Reference Ionosphere 2012 (IRI2012), and NeQuick are compared with the SSM‐month model in the years of 2001 and 2015–2016. Result shows that the SSM‐month model exhibits good consistency with CODE GIMs, which is better than that of IRI2012 and NeQuick, in the O'Higgins Station on the test days.
Global effects of Pyragas time-delayed feedback control

Pyragas time-delayed feedback is a control scheme designed to stabilize unstable periodic orbits, which occur naturally in many nonlinear dynamical systems. The control scheme targets a specific unstable periodic orbit by adding a feedback term with a delay chosen as the period of the unstable periodic orbit. In this thesis we consider the global effects of applying Pyragas control to a nonlinear dynamical system near a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. We start by considering the standard example of the Hopf normal form subject to Pyragas control, which is a delay differential equation that models how a generic unstable periodic orbit is stabilized. We find that the addition of feedback induces infinitely many Hopf bifurcation curves and possibly infinitely many stable periodic orbits in addition to the target periodic orbit. Therefore, the controlled system could follow one of these periodic orbits rather than the target periodic orbit. As such, we find that to ensure successful implementation of the control scheme, one must consider the global dynamics of the system. Furthermore, we consider the effect of a delay mismatch in the system, where the delay is set close to but not equal to the period of the target periodic orbit. We find that the delay must be set as at least a linear approximation of the period of the target periodic orbit. To verify the predictiveness of the normal form analysis, we consider the global dynamics of the Lorenz system subject to Pyragas control. We find that the addition of feedback induces further Hopf bifurcation curves and further stable periodic orbits, showing that the Hopf normal form with feedback is indeed predictive of the observed global dynamics and the effect of a delay mismatch in the system. Finally, we consider the subcritical complex Ginzburg–Landau equation subject to a modified Pyragas control scheme, which includes a spatial feedback term. We find that traveling wave solutions of the system cannot be stabilized with either spatial or temporal feedback.
Time integrated optical emission studies of the laser produced germanium plasma

We present new time integrated data on the optical emission spectra of laser produced germanium plasma using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm), power density up to about 5 × 109 W cm−2 in conjunction with a set of five spectrometers covering a spectral range from 200 nm to 720 nm. Well resolved structure due to the 4p5s → 4p2 transition array of neutral germanium and a few multiplets of singly ionized germanium have been observed. Plasma temperature has been determined in the range (9000–11 000) K using four different techniques; two line ratio method, Boltzmann plot, Saha–Boltzmann plot and Marotta’s technique whereas electron density has been deduced from the Stark broadened line profiles in the range (0.5–5.0) × 1017 cm−3, depending on the laser pulse energy to produce the germanium plasma. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a number of neutral and singly ionized germanium lines have been extracted by the Lorentzian fit to the experimentally observed line profiles. In addition, we have compared the experimentally measured relative line strengths for the 4p5s 3P0,1,2 → 4p2 3P0,1,2 multiplet with that calculated in the LS-coupling scheme revealing that the intermediate coupling scheme is more appropriate for the level designations in germanium.
Collaboration-Aware Hit Song Prediction

In a streaming-oriented era, predicting which songs will be successful is a significant challenge for the music industry. Indeed, there are many efforts in determining the driving factors that contribute to a song’s success, and one potential solution could be incorporating artistic collaborations, as it allows for a wider audience reach. Therefore, we propose a multi-perspective approach that includes collaboration between artists as a factor for hit song prediction. Specifically, by combining online data from Billboard and Spotify, we tackle the problem as both classification and hit song placement tasks, applying five different model variants. Our results show that relying only on music-related features is not enough, whereas models that also consider collaboration features produce better results.
Women Leadership In Merauke Regency

This study aims to provide an overview of the types of leadership of women to lead successfully in Merauke Regency, especially the village head, namely Marga Mulya Village, Semangga District, and the factors that most influence the leadership of women village leaders. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, collecting data from the results of 10 informant interviews and field observations. The results of this study (1) found that the type of female leadership possessed was inclined to use the type of leadership by looking at the characteristics of what work would be done. Then there is a combination of 2 (two) styles of women's leadership, namely feminine-masculine and transformational-transactional, (2) The factor that most influences the leadership of village head women, is the good personality factor of the Village Head, in carrying out his leadership duties. And then followed by factors of leadership characteristics and expectations of leaders and colleagues and the community they lead.
Chemical Activity of Low Altitude (50 km) Sprite Streamers

A three‐stage simulation is used to explore the chemical influence of low altitude (50 km) sprite streamers on the atmosphere, including the chemical trail after the streamer has faded away. In the first stage (streamer phase) a 2D electrodynamical streamer model quantifies the generation of NOx and N2O, and the removal of ozone (O3) by a downward propagating streamer during Δtstreamer = 80 μs. This streamer propagation leads to a distinctive region in the streamer channel, the glow, where the electric field is enhanced. In the second stage (glow phase), the computed densities of the first stage are used as initial conditions for a 0D model to study the chemical evolution of the streamer channel, where we assume a remanent field of 100 Td for the glow and 0 Td elsewhere. This stage lasts Δtglow = 85 μs, the typical glow lifetime at 50 km. Finally, in the third stage (post‐streamer phase), we use the same 0D model, switch off the field in the glow region and let the whole streamer wake evolve roughly 100 s (100 s − Δtglow). Results show a key species such as O3 is mainly depleted during the streamer phase while NOx and N2O are predominantly produced during the same phase. We also compute the local increase of NO2 by sprite streamers at ∼50 km and find out that it could account for the measurable NO2 anomaly over thunderstorms reported from satellite‐based measurements.
Biomarkers in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Updated Review

Multiple sclerosis (MS) may begin with a relapsing-remitting course followed by insidious disability worsening independent of clinically apparent relapses. Sometimes the progression is subtle and cannot be detected with routine clinical and imaging assessments. In this review, we focus on emerging biomarkers that can be representatives of MS progression. Early detection of MS progression will result in choosing the appropriate treatments which would result in better long-term outcomes.
Optimal Multi-Step VAR Forecasting Averaging

This paper proposes frequentist multiple-equation least squares averaging approaches for multi-step forecasting with vector autoregressive (VAR) models. The proposed VAR forecasting averaging methods are based on the multivariate Mallows model averaging (MMMA) and multivariate leave-h-out cross-validation averaging (MCVAh) criteria (with h denoting the forecast horizon), which are valid for iterative and direct multi-step forecasting averaging, respectively. Under the framework of stationary VAR processes of infinite order, we provide theoretical justifications by establishing asymptotic unbiasedness and asymptotic optimality of the proposed forecasting averaging approaches. Specifically, MMMA exhibits asymptotic optimality for one-step ahead forecast averaging, whereas for direct multi-step forecasting averaging the asymptotically optimal combination weights are determined separately for each forecast horizon based on the MCVAh procedure. The finite-sample behaviour of the proposed averaging procedures under misspecification is investigated via simulation experiments. An empirical application to a three-variable monetary VAR, based on the U.S. data, is also provided to present our methodology.
Rationale for a Conceptual Model of Teaching English for Special Purposes

Teachers’ professional and personal qualities and the latest information and communication technologies combined with student-centered teaching methods are the prerequisites for effective English language teaching. The study's objective is to design a conceptual model of active English language learning to be implemented in the course of professional training for technical specialists in academic settings. The conceptual model for teaching English for special purposes has been designed based on the descriptive method, scientific literature data analysis, and theoretical modelling technique. The method of expert evaluations was used to identify professionally significant research areas. Specific features of intensive learning technologies, which can be effectively combined in the learning process, have been identified. A modern interpretation of active learning in English as a generalized conceptual model of learning is presented. The established combination of intensive teaching methods and technologies can be used to teach English for Special Purposes at technical universities.