Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geology of the Grove Mountains in East Antarctica

Grove Mountains consists mainly of a series of high-grade (upper amphibolite to granulite facies) metamorphic rocks, including felsic granulite, granitic gneiss, mafic granulite lenses and charnockite, intruded by late tectonic gneissic granite and post-tectonic granodioritic veins. Geochemical analysis demonstrates that the charnockite, granitic gneiss and granite belonged to aluminous A type plutonic rocks, whereas the felsic and mafic granulite were from supracrustal materials as island-arc, oceanic island and middle oceanic ridge basalt. A few high-strained shear zones disperse in regional stable sub-horizontal foliated metamorphic rocks. Three generations of ductile deformation were identified, in which D1 is related to the event before Pan-African age, D2 corresponds to the regional granulite peak metamorphism, whereas D3 reflects ductile extension in late Pan-African orogenic period. The metamorphic reactions from granitic gneiss indicate a single granulite facies event, but 3 steps from mafic granulite, with P-T condition of M1 800°C, 9.3×105 Pa; M2 800–810°C, 6.4 × 105 Pa; and M3 650°C have been recognized. The U-Pb age data from representative granitic gneiss indicate (529±14) Ma of peak metamorphism, (534±5) Ma of granite emplacement, and (501±7) Ma of post-tectonic granodioritic veins. All these evidences suggest that a huge Pan-African aged mobile belt exists in the East Antarctic Shield extending from Prydz Bay via Grove Mountains to the southern Prince Charles Mountains. This orogenic belt could be the final suture during the Gondwana Land assemblage.
Locoregional breast radiotherapy including IMN: optimizing the dose distribution using an automated non-coplanar VMAT-technique

Abstract Background Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) offers better conformity, homogeneity and sparing of the heart and ipsilateral lung for locoregional radiotherapy in left-sided breast cancer compared to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). However, conventional coplanar VMAT (cVMAT) can result in higher doses to the normal tissue on the contralateral side. This study investigates a non-coplanar VMAT-technique (ncVMAT) to mitigate this issue. Material and methods CT series of 20 left sided breast cancer patients were included for planning of locoregional breast radiotherapy including internal mammary nodes (IMN). Three treatment plans; 3D-CRT, cVMAT and ncVMAT, were generated for each patient with a prescription dose of 40.05 Gy in 15 fractions. Both VMAT-techniques consisted of a single arc in the axial plane, while ncVMAT included an additional arc in the sagittal plane. All plans were optimized to cover the clinical target volume (CTV) by 38.05 Gy for the breast and 36.05 Gy for lymph nodes, with as low as possible dose to organs at risk. Results Full CTV coverage was achieved for all plans. Both cVMAT and ncVMAT delivered more conformal and homogeneous target doses than 3D-CRT. Doses to the heart and ipsilateral lung were significantly lower with ncVMAT compared to both cVMAT and 3D-CRT. ncVMAT reduced doses to both the contralateral breast and lung compared to cVMAT and achieved levels similar to 3D-CRT for the contralateral breast and moderately higher doses for the contralateral lung. Delivery of high doses (>30 Gy) to the contralateral side was completely avoided with ncVMAT, contrary to the results for cVMAT and 3D-CRT. Conclusion ncVMAT reduced doses to the heart and ipsilateral lung as compared to both cVMAT and 3D-CRT. All contralateral dose metrics were reduced with the novel ncVMAT technique compared to cVMAT, and the mean contralateral breast doses were similar to 3D-CRT.
Prosody and schizophrenia. Objective acoustic measurements of monotonous and flat intonation in young Danish people with a schizophrenia diagnosis. A pilot study

Abstract Purpose Patients with schizophrenia have a flat and monotonous intonation. The purpose of the study was to find the variables of flat speech that differed in patients from those in healthy controls in Danish. Materials and methods We compared drug-naïve schizophrenic patients 5 men, 13 women and 18 controls, aged 18–35 years, which had all grown up in Copenhagen speaking modern Danish standard (rigsdansk). We used two different tasks that lay different demands on the speaker to elicit spontaneous speech: a retelling of a film clip and telling a story from pictures in a book. A linguist used the computer program Praat to extract the phonetic linguistic parameters. Results We found different results for the two elicitation tasks (Task 1: a retelling of a film clip, task 2: telling a story from pictures in a book). There was higher intensity variation in task one in controls and higher pitch variation in task two in controls. We found a difference in intensity with higher intensity variation in the stresses in the controls in task one and fewer syllables between each stress in the controls. We also found higher F1 variation in task one and two in the patient group and higher F2 variation in the control group in both tasks. Conclusions The results varied between patients and controls, but the demands also made a difference. Further research is needed to elucidate the possibilities of acoustic measures in diagnostics or linguistic treatment related to schizophrenia.
Heart failure classifications via non‐invasive pressure volume loops from echocardiography

Left ventricular pressure‐volume (LV‐PV) loops provide comprehensive characterization of cardiovascular system in both health and disease, which are the essential element of the hemodynamic evaluation of heart failure (HF). This study attempts to achieve more detailed HF classifications by non‐invasive LV‐PV loops from echocardiography and analyzes contribution of parameters to HF classifications.
Evolución tectónica del Frente Andino en Neuquén

Tectonic evolution of the Andean front in Neuquen. The Neuquen pre-Andean region is composed of a fossil fold belt known as the Agrio fold and thrust belt. The exceptional outcrops and the subsurface data together with recent radiometric ages and new fission-track ages in apatite have allowed establishing the tectonic evolution of this area. The deformation be- gan during the Late Cretaceous, documented by 100 Ma E-W trending basaltic dikes, cutting the cerro Mocho structure in the inner part of the Agrio fold and thrust belt. This event was a consequence of a gentle shallowing of the subducting plate that generated the eastward migration of the volcanic arc. This migration is documented in the Collipilli region, where recent ra- diometric ages yielded ~ 70 Ma for the Collipilli and Cayanta Formations. They overlay unconformable the Mesozoic sequen- ce, bounding the upper limit of the first deformational event. The unconformity between the Neuquen and Bajada del Agrio Groups in the outer zone was generated in this first event. The new fission-track data in the Los Chihuidos High indicate at least three cooling/uplift events, starting around 70-50 Ma. During the Miocene a new deformational event occurred, as shown by the synorogenic deposits of Tralalhue conglomerate, Puesto Burgos and Rincon Bayo Formations. The apatite fis- sion-track data show other two cooling/uplift events between 11 and 6 Ma in the Los Chihuidos High.
Fractal clustering of fault activity in California

We have studied the temporal distribution of paleoseismic records of earthquakes in several regions of California, over time scales ranging from decades to several hundreds of thousands years, by using dates obtained by electron spin resonance plateau dating of fault gouge, 14C dated sediments from fault zones, and records of historic earthquakes. The historical record in the San Andreas fault zone of central California and the paleoseismic record of the San Gabriel fault zone both exhibit self-similarity with a fractal dimension of 0.43–0.46. The fractal dimension of the San Andreas fault zone in southern California both in historic and paleoseismic time scales is 0.67, indicating more evenly distributed fault movements than those of central California. On time scales <1 yr, the distribution is largely random.
Cloud‐induced uncertainties in AIRS and ECMWF temperature and specific humidity

The uncertainties of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Level 2 version 6 specific humidity (q) and temperature (T) retrievals are quantified as functions of cloud types by comparison against Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive radiosonde measurements. The cloud types contained in an AIRS/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit footprint are identified by collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer retrieved cloud optical depth (COD) and cloud top pressure. We also report results of similar validation of q and T from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecasts (EC) and retrievals from the AIRS Neural Network (NNW), which are used as the initial state for AIRS V6 physical retrievals. Differences caused by the variation in the measurement locations and times are estimated using EC, and all the comparisons of data sets against radiosonde measurements are corrected by these estimated differences. We report in detail the validation results for AIRS GOOD quality control, which is used for the AIRS Level 3 climate products. AIRS GOOD quality q reduces the dry biases inherited from the NNW in the middle troposphere under thin clouds but enhances dry biases in thick clouds throughout the troposphere (reaching −30% at 850 hPa near deep convective clouds), likely because the information contained in AIRS retrievals is obtained in cloud‐cleared areas or above clouds within the field of regard. EC has small moist biases (~5–10%), which are within the uncertainty of radiosonde measurements, in thin and high clouds. Temperature biases of all data are within ±1 K at altitudes above the 700 hPa level but increase with decreasing altitude. Cloud‐cleared retrievals lead to large AIRS cold biases (reaching about −2 K) in the lower troposphere for large COD, enhancing the cold biases inherited from the NNW. Consequently, AIRS GOOD quality T root‐mean‐squared errors (RMSEs) are slightly smaller than the NNW errors in thin clouds (1.5–2.5 K) but slightly larger than the NNW errors for thick COD (reaching 3.5 K near the surface). The AIRS BEST quality control retains retrievals with uncertainties closer to those of the NNW. The AIRS error estimates reported in the L2 product tend to underestimate the precision (RMSE) implied by comparisons to the radiosonde measurements and do not reflect the observed cloud dependency of uncertainties.
A Short-Term Longitudinal Examination of Willingness to Confide in a Friend about Being Cyber Victimized

Abstract Research consistently documents negative consequences for children who are cyber victims, underscoring the need to examine effective management. Disclosure to friends about cyber victimization is advocated; however, research is limited. The present research examined willingness to disclose to friends about being cyber victimized for fourth graders and evaluated the subsequent frequency of cyber victimization when in grade 5 (N = 207). Three groups in Grade 4 were identified: No Victimization, Victimization/No Tell, and Victimization/Tell. Children in the Victimization/Tell group reported a significantly lower frequency of cyber victimization a year later. The Victimization/No Tell group of children did not report a statistically reduced frequency of cyber victimization. The number of classroom mutual friends was ruled out as an explanation. This research supports the use of a strategy for children confiding with friends to reduce subsequent cyber victimization.
The silicon isotope composition of Ethmodiscus rex laminated diatom mats from the tropical West Pacific: Implications for silicate cycling during the Last Glacial Maximum

The cause of massive blooms of Ethmodiscus rex laminated diatom mats (LDMs) in the eastern Philippine Sea (EPS) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains uncertain. In order to better understand the mechanism of formation of E. rex LDMs from the perspective of dissolved silicon (DSi) utilization, we determined the silicon isotopic composition of single E. rex diatom frustules (δ30SiE. rex) from two sediment cores in the Parece Vela Basin of the EPS. In the study cores, δ30SiE. rex varies from −1.23‰ to −0.83‰ (average −1.04‰), a range that is atypical of marine diatom δ30Si and that corresponds to the lower limit of reported diatom δ30Si values of any age. A binary mixing model (upwelled silicon versus eolian silicon) accounting for silicon isotopic fractionation during DSi uptake by diatoms was constructed. The binary mixing model demonstrates that E. rex dominantly utilized DSi from eolian sources (i.e., Asian dust) with only minor contributions from upwelled seawater sources (i.e., advected from Subantarctic Mode Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, or North Pacific Intermediate Water). E. rex utilized only ~24% of available DSi, indicating that surface waters of the EPS were eutrophic with respect to silicon during the LGM. Our results suggest that giant diatoms did not always use a buoyancy strategy to obtain nutrients from the deep nutrient pool, thus revising previously proposed models for the formation of E. rex LDMs.
Cognitive Processing Speed and Loneliness in Stroke Survivors: Insights from a Large- Scale Cohort Study

Objective Loneliness, when prolonged, is associated with many deleterious effects and has been shown to be highly prevalent in those with a history of stroke, yet the cognitive mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the extent to which cognitive factors, with specific focus on processing speed, are associated with loneliness in those with a history of stroke. Method Utilizing data from the British Cohort Study (BCS), a nationally representative dataset, we conducted secondary data analysis. A total of 7,752 participants completed relevant questions related to health, social interactions, demographics, loneliness, and cognitive assessments. Among them, 47 had experienced a stroke ("stroke," n = 47), 5,545 reported other health conditions ("ill," n = 5,545), and 2,857 were deemed healthy ("healthy," n = 2,857) Results Consistent with previous research, our findings confirmed a positive correlation between stroke history and heightened loneliness. However, inferential analysis revealed that processing speed, alongside other cognitive factors, had a minimal impact on loneliness, with correlations too small to draw definitive conclusions. Conclusion This study suggests that cognitive processing speed alone is not a robust predictor of loneliness in stroke survivors. Consequently, when developing interventions to combat loneliness in this population, it is crucial to consider a broader spectrum of factors, such as social engagement, emotional well-being, and interpersonal relationships. This underscores the imperative need for comprehensive assessments to better comprehend the multifaceted nature of loneliness and inform more effective intervention strategies.
Bioarchaeological study of ancient Teotihuacans based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences and diet isotopes

Abstract Background The Teotihuacan civilisation was the largest one in ancient Mesoamerica. The Teotihuacan city was born in the north-eastern Basin of Mexico around the second century BC, reached its peak in the fourth century AD, and had cultural influence throughout Mesoamerica. At its peak, the size of the city reached more than 20 km2, and the total population is estimated to have increased from 100,000 to 200,000. However, knowledge of the genetic background of the Teotihuacan people is still limited. Aim We aimed to determine the mitogenome sequences of the Teotihuacan human remains and compare the ancient and present Mesoamericans. In addition, we aimed to identify the food habits of ancient Teotihuacans. Subjects and methods We determined the mitogenome sequences of human remains dated to 250–636 cal AD using target enrichment-coupled next generation sequencing. We also performed stable isotope analysis. Results We successfully obtained nearly full-length sequences newly unearthed from a civilian dwelling in the Teotihuacan site. Teotihuacan mitochondrial DNA was classified into the haplogroups in present and ancient Mesoamericans. In addition, Teotihuacan individuals had a diet dependent on C4 plants such as maize. Conclusion Genetic diversity varied among the Teotihuacans.
Home range study of the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis agyropus) using radio and GPS tracking in South Korea: comparison of daily and seasonal habitat use pattern

The water deer (Hydropotes inermis) is one of the most primitive extant deer of the family Cervidae. Unlike Chinese water deer, Korean water deer have rarely been studied, even though they have relatively well remained in Korea. In particular, the home range of the Korean water deer has not yet been studied. Here we estimated the home range of the Korean water deer using two different methods (GPS and radio tracking) and analyzed the home range according to sex, time, and season. The mean home range size of four individuals was 2.77 and 0.34 under the 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) and the 50% kernel (K) method, respectively. There seemed to be a difference in home range size between males (3.30 ) and females (2.25 ) under the 95% MCP method. We also found a difference in home range size between day (1.90 ) and night (2.43 ) by 95% MCP method. In addition, a home range size difference was observed between summer (4.65 ) and spring (0.48 ) or fall (0.85 ) using the 95% MCP method. Water deer seemed to have a larger home range in night than in day, and males also have a larger home range. We presumed that the GPS tracking method of the code division multiple access system could be a very useful tool for understanding the ecology of the water deer using the radio tracking method. Using these tracking methods and through future research, we can better understand the habitat use pattern of these water deer.
Hydraulic variability of tropical forests is largely independent of water availability.

Tropical rainforest woody plants have been thought to have uniformly low resistance to hydraulic failure and to function near the edge of their hydraulic safety margin (HSM), making these ecosystems vulnerable to drought; however, this may not be the case. Using data collected at 30 tropical forest sites for three key traits associated with drought tolerance, we show that site-level hydraulic diversity of leaf turgor loss point, resistance to embolism (P50 ), and HSMs is high across tropical forests and largely independent of water availability. Species with high HSMs (>1 MPa) and low P50 values (< -2 MPa) are common across the wet and dry tropics. This high site-level hydraulic diversity, largely decoupled from water stress, could influence which species are favoured and become dominant under a drying climate. High hydraulic diversity could also make these ecosystems more resilient to variable rainfall regimes.
Narcissism in Romantic Relationships: Using Communal Activation to Promote Relationship Enhancing Attitudes

Abstract Background: People with elevated vulnerable narcissism (VN) or grandiose narcissism (GN) trait levels tend to experience greater difficulties in their romantic relationships than their counterparts with lower levels of VN or GN. Although there are no evidence-based approaches to alter the interpersonal behavior of persons with VN or GN traits, experimental research shows that it is possible to produce relationship-enhancing attitudes in people with GN traits through communal activation (CA). Objective: We examined whether a CA manipulation in the context of relationship education improves attitudes that promote romantic relationship health, and whether VN and GN would moderate these associations. Method: Participants (N women =148, N men = 71) watched psychoeducational videos on relationships and were randomly assigned to either answer questions about the videos’ content (control group) or to complete CA exercises (experimental group) in addition to questionnaires to measure empathy, criticism, commitment, desire for closeness, and communication (positive interaction, demand/withdraw communication, criticize/defend communication) before and after the experimental manipulation. Results: There was a main effect of condition, such that, relative to the control group, fewer improvements in perceived demand/withdraw communication were observed in the experimental condition. VN, but not GN, moderated the link between condition and commitment, demand/withdraw and criticize/defend communication, such that elevated VN levels predicted the most improvement in commitment, demand/withdraw and criticize/defend communication in the experimental condition. Discussion: We conclude with recommendations to adopt ego-enhancing reinforcement for communal behaviors with clients who endorse GN traits and considering less personally relevant CA exercises with clients who endorse VN traits.
Enhanced Place Specificity of the Parallel Auditory Brainstem Response: A Modeling Study

While each place on the cochlea is most sensitive to a specific frequency, it will generally respond to a sufficiently high-level stimulus over a wide range of frequencies. This spread of excitation can introduce errors in clinical threshold estimation during a diagnostic auditory brainstem response (ABR) exam. Off-frequency cochlear excitation can be mitigated through the addition of masking noise to the test stimuli, but introducing a masker increases the already long test times of the typical ABR exam. Our lab has recently developed the parallel ABR (pABR) paradigm to speed up test times by utilizing randomized stimulus timing to estimate the thresholds for multiple frequencies simultaneously. There is reason to believe parallel presentation of multiple frequencies provides masking effects and improves place specificity while decreasing test times. Here, we use two computational models of the auditory periphery to characterize the predicted effect of parallel presentation on place specificity in the auditory nerve. We additionally examine the effect of stimulus rate and level. Both models show the pABR is at least as place specific as standard methods, with an improvement in place specificity for parallel presentation (vs. serial) at high levels, especially at high stimulus rates. When simulating hearing impairment in one of the models, place specificity was also improved near threshold. Rather than a tradeoff, this improved place specificity would represent a secondary benefit to the pABR's faster test times.