Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Communication Technology in Academics: How far with Elderly Nigerian Academics?

The use of some information communication technology applications ICT) by elderly (>50 years) Nigerian university lecturers (academics) was investigated using discussion and structured questionnaire containing a scale for rating the use of selected commonly used ICT applications. Going by the mean score (56.5±9.0 vs.110 max. points), an average ICT use was indicated, but below average (<50% max. point) when mode/median values (49/51) were considered. Compared by t test, ICT use by younger (<50 years) academics was better than by elderly academics (P=0.048). Academics aged 50-60 years and those with shorter service years (≤ 15 years) used ICT tools better than their older (≥61; t, test; P=0.005) or longer serving (≥16 years; P=0.000) colleagues. ICT use was significantly better with men (47.0±7.0 vs. 58.2±8.0, P= 0.020). It can be concluded that ICT use by elderly academics is unsatisfactory and likely to retard ICT diffusion given their academic leadership role.
The full-order state observer speed-sensorless vector control based on parameters identification for induction motor

During the operation of speed-sensorless control system for induction motor, the stator and rotor resistance varies greatly with the change of temperature and the frequency of the rotor side, which affects the estimation of the stator flux and leads to the low accuracy of the speed estimation. A speed-sensorless vector control method based on parameters identification with the full-order adaptive state observer is proposed in this paper. In the model reference adaptive system of AC motor, the stator resistance and rotor flux are assigned as state variables to build the reference model, and a full-order flux observer is introduced to adjustable model. Lyapunov theory and Popov superstability theory are used to deduce the speed and rotor resistance adaptive rate. The feedback gain matrix is simplified to speed up the convergence rate of the system. The estimation values of speed and rotor resistance are taken as the proportional integral form, so that an interactive model reference adaptive system is constructed by speed and rotor resistance identification. While observing the rotor flux, it can not only ensure the accuracy of the reference model but also eliminate the disadvantages of the voltage model with integral terms, and the rotor speed can be estimated at the same time. The experimental results show that the accurate performance of speed and flux identification can meet the requirements of application; the proposed control method with the identification of speed and rotor resistance has little fluctuations phenomenon on motor torque in low speed and achieves better performance.
Phenomenological and Rigorous Equations of State for Solar and Stellar Modeling

Helioseismology has become the most successful diagnosis of the equation of state for the plasma of stellar interiors. Although in the solar interior the plasma is only weakly coupled and weakly degenerate, the great observational accuracy of the helioseismological observations puts nevertheless strong constraints on the nonideal part of the equation of state. For solar and stellar modeling, a high‐quality equation of state is crucial. But the inverse is also true: the astrophysical data put constraints on the physical formalisms, making the Sun and the stars novel laboratories for plasma physics.
Energy optimization of the urban drainage system by integrated real-time control during wet and dry weather conditions

ABSTRACT An extension of the frequently applied equal filling degree control algorithm is proposed for integrated control of sewer system and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Under dry weather conditions (DWC), this control synchronizes sewer storage volume activation at pumping stations (PS) throughout the sewer system with the intermittent aeration at the WWTP. This is in contrast with the frequently advocated influent load equalization at WWTPs. The concept is demonstrated on a case study using an integrated system composed of detailed models for sewer system and WWTP where it reveals considerable potential for energy savings and effluent quality improvement. Moreover, the integrated control allows for the reduction of combined sewer overflows during wet weather events and decreased sedimentation potential in the sewer system. Neither weather predictions nor structural changes at the WWTP or in the sewer system are required. The control concept is applicable to about 50 Flemish WWTPs.
1. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON CLICKERS

Clickers go by several names in the literature: personal, student, audience, or classroom response systems are some of the most common. They have been used extensively in college courses, first and foremost in the field of physics (e.g. James 2006; Duncan 2005; Fagan, Crouch, and Mazur 2002). They are also gaining attention in other fields, such as medicine (e.g. Nosek, Wang, Medvedev, While, and O'Brian 2006; Pradhan, Sparano, and Ananth 2005; Schackow, Chavez, Loya, and Friedman 2004), engineering (e.g. Zualkernan 2007; Demetry 2005; Siau, Sheng, and Nah 2006), biology and life sciences (e.g. Freeman et al. 2007; Preszler, Dawe, Shuster, and Shuster 2007; Brewer 2004), psychology (Cleary 2008; Morling, McAuliffe, and Cohen 2008), accounting (Beekes 2006; Carnaghan and Webb 2006), agriculture (Conoley, Moore, Croom, and Flowers 2006), computer science (Kennedy and Cutts 2005), earth science (Greer and Heaney 2004), and statistics (Rogers 2003; Wit 2003). More recently, clickers have been incorporated into elementary and secondary education (Chen et al. 2005; Conoley et al. 2006; Penuel, Boscardin, Masyn, and Crawford 2007; Hanley and Jackson 2006). Several good overviews of their uses, including guides for writing good conceptual clicker questions exist in the literature, such as Beatty (2004), Duncan (2005), Beatty, Gerace, Leonard, and Dufresne (2006), and Zhu (2007).
Rayleigh-Taylor turbulence

Basic ﬂuid equations are the main ingredient to develop theories of the Rayleigh–Taylor buoyancy-induced instability. Turbulence arises in the late stage of the instability evolution as a result of the proliferation of active scales of motion. Fluctuations are maintained by the unceasing conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy. Although the dynamics of turbulent ﬂuctuations is ruled by the same equations controlling the Rayleigh–Taylor instability, here only phenomenological theories are currently available. The main purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the most relevant (and often contrasting) theoretical approaches to Rayleigh–Taylor turbulence together with numerical and experimental evidences for their support. Although the focus will be mainly on the classical Boussinesq Rayleigh–Taylor turbulence of miscible ﬂuids, the review extends to other ﬂuid systems having viscoelastic behavior, being a ↵ ect by rotation of the reference frame and, ﬁnally, in the presence of reactions.
Origins of Tropical Paciﬁc Decadal Variability: Role of Stochastic Atmospheric Forcing from the South Paciﬁc*

Based on the analysis of multicentury–millennium integrations of an atmospheric model coupled to the ocean with varying degrees, it is argued that ENSO-like decadal variability is primarily driven by stochastic atmosphericforcing.Inparticular, theleadingmodeof internalatmospheric variabilityovertheSouthPaciﬁc, which projects onto the Paciﬁc–South American (PSA) pattern, plays an important role in modulating the trade winds and sea surface temperature (SST) in the southeast tropical Paciﬁc. Subsequent ocean– atmosphere interactions organize a basinwide SST anomaly pattern in the tropics, which in turn forces atmospheric Rossbywaves into the extratropics, reinforcingthe PSA pattern and inducingcoherent decadal changes in the North Paciﬁc. In the absence of ocean dynamics, equatorial SST variability is reduced and the North Paciﬁc exhibits decadal variability independent of the tropical–South Paciﬁc. The strong tropical–South Paciﬁc linkage may be attributed to the equatorially asymmetric nature of tropical Paciﬁc climate.
Food Purchase Decisions: The Influence of Food Quality and Safety

: Purchasing intention is the probability that customers in a certain purchasing situation choose a certain brand of a product category. This is related with consumers’ behaviour, perception and their attitude. Purchasing behaviour is an important key point for consumers during considering and evaluating of certain product. The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors influencing consumers’ food purchase decisions in relation to food quality and safety. The researchers used qualitative research approach for the study. A sample size of 500 respondents was involved in the study. Questionnaire was used in collecting the data. A simple random sampling technique was used to select men and women who purchase food stuffs in the Tafo municipality, Kumasi. This method was used because it ensured that everyone in the population had an equal chance of being selected. Results from the data collected were analyzed using Statistical Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16. Chi-square test for statistical significance of association and ANOVA were used where applicable. Graphical representation was by Microsoft Excel. The study portrayed that 80% of the respondents agreed that their purchase decision is highly influenced by both quality and safety attributes of food. As to whether consumers perceive price to confer quality, it was seen that price is not an important attribute in determining quality since price (3.52) recorded a low mean value. It was recommended that regulators of food vending ought to intensify and strengthen education on food safety and quality so that people appreciate the need for healthy eating.
Intraspleen Delivery of a DNA Vaccine Coding for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) of Brucella abortus Induces SOD-Speciﬁc CD4 (cid:1) and CD8 (cid:1) T Cells

In the development of vaccines capable of providing immunity against brucellosis, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been demonstrated to be one of the protective immunogens of Brucella abortus . In an earlier study, we provided strong evidence that intramuscular injection with a plasmid DNA carrying the SOD gene (pcDNA-SOD) was able to induce a protective immune response. The present study was designed to characterize T-cell immune responses after an intraspleen (i.s.) vaccination of BALB/c mice with pcDNA-SOD. Animals vaccinated with pcDNA-SOD did not develop SOD-speciﬁc antibodies, at least until week 4 after immunization (the end of the experiment), and in vitro stimulation of their splenocytes with either recombinant Cu-Zn SOD or crude Brucella protein induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN- (cid:1) ), but not interleu-kin-4, and elicited the induction of cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activity. Upon analyzing the SOD-speciﬁc T-cell responses, the pcDNA-SOD vaccination was found to be stimulating both CD4 (cid:2) - and CD8 (cid:2) -T-cell populations. the CD4 (cid:2) population was to produce IFN- (cid:1) and the CD8 (cid:2) population was to induce cytotoxic activity. i.s. route vaccination induces a signiﬁcant level of protection in BALB/c mice against challenge with the virulent B. abortus strain 2308, vaccination by the intramuscular route with a similar amount of plasmid DNA does these results, we i.s. immunization with pcDNA-SOD vaccine efﬁciently induced a Th1 type of immune response and a protective response that could be related to IFN- (cid:1) production and cytotoxic activity against infected cells by SOD-speciﬁc CD4 (cid:2) and CD8 (cid:2) T cells, respectively. activity, T-cell populations after 5 days of coculture of enriched T cells from spleens with B. abortus -infected J774A.1 macrophages by immunomagnetic methods. The separated CD4 (cid:1) - or CD8 (cid:1) -T-cell populations were cocultivated with target cells for 16 h, and the cytotoxic activity over target cells was measured by neutral red cytotoxic assay. The CD8 (cid:1) T cells sorted immunized with pcDNA-SOD strain RB51-SOD-pulsed to the pcDNA3-immunized
Lupus Erythematosus T Cells Complex, and IL-2 Production in Systemic , the TCR/CD3 z Down-Regulation of TCR Lacking Exon 7 Leads to the mRNA z A Splice Variant of the TCR

The reduction or absence of TCR (cid:1) -chain ( (cid:1) ) expression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is thought to be a factor in the pathogenesis of SLE. We previously reported a splice variant of (cid:1) mRNA that lacks the 36-bp exon 7 ( (cid:1) mRNA/exon 7( (cid:2) )) and is accompanied by the down-regulation of (cid:1) protein in T cells from SLE patients. In this study, we show that EX7 (cid:2) mutants (MA5.8 cells deﬁcient in (cid:1) protein that have been transfected with (cid:1) mRNA/exon 7( (cid:2) )) exhibit a reduction in the expression of TCR/CD3 complex and (cid:1) protein on their cell surface as well as a reduction in the production of IL-2 after stimulation with anti-CD3 Ab, compared with that in wild-type (WT) mutants (MA5.8 cells transfected with the WT (cid:1) mRNA). Furthermore, real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that (cid:1) mRNA/exon 7( (cid:2) ) in EX7 (cid:2) mutants was easily degraded compared with (cid:1) mRNA by the WT mutants. Pulse-chase experiment showed (cid:1) protein produced by this EX7 (cid:2) mutants was more rapidly decreased compared with the WT mutants. Thus, the lower stability of (cid:1) mRNA/exon 7( (cid:2) ) might also be responsible for the reduced expression of the TCR/CD3 complex, including (cid:1) protein,
The determinants of capital structure In the light of a financial crisis

This thesis investigates how the 2008 financial crisis affected the determinants of capital structure of Real Estate Investment Trusts. The crisis brought both regulatory and behavioral changes and we examined how these changes affected a firm’s financing choices. The data sample consisted of listed REITs in the United States and we compared if the same independent variables had a different impact on leverage pre- and post-crisis. The comparison was carried out with a quantitative method by running a regression and comparing the coefficients using a F-test. The results indicated that two variables, growth and profitability, had a different impact on leverage post-crisis. However, due to insignificant coefficients, the study did not conclude the magnitude of this difference.
E ﬀ ect of Feed Concentrate Intake on the Environmental Impact of Dairy Cows in an Alpine Mountain Region Including Soil Carbon Sequestration and E ﬀ ect on Biodiversity

: Several studies on the environmental impacts of livestock enterprises are based on the application of life cycle assessments (LCA). In Alpine regions, soil carbon sequestration can play an important role in reducing environmental impacts. However, there is no o ﬃ cial methodology to calculate this possible reduction. Biodiversity plays an important role in the Alpine environment and is a ﬀ ected by human activities, such as cattle farming. Our aim was to estimate the carbon footprint (CF) of four di ﬀ erent dairy production systems (di ﬀ erent in breeds and feeding intensity) by using the LCA approach. The present study included 44 dairy Alpine farms located in the autonomous province of Bolzano in northern Italy. Half of the farms (n = 22) kept Alpine Grey and the other half (n = 22) Brown Swiss cattle. Within breeds, the farms were divided by the amount of concentrated feed per cow and day into high concentrate (HC) and low concentrate (LC). This resulted in 11 Alpine Grey low concentrate (AGLC) farms feeding an average amount of 3.0 kg concentrated feed / cow / day and 11 Alpine Grey high concentrate (AGHC) farms with an average amount of 6.3 kg concentrated feed / cow / day. Eleven farms kept Brown Swiss cows with an average amount of 3.7 kg concentrated feed / cow / day (BSLC) and another 11 farms feeding on average 7.6 kg concentrated feed / cow / day (BSHC). CF for the four systems was estimated using the LCA approach. The functional unit was 1 kg of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM). Furthermore, two methodologies have been applied to estimate soil carbon sequestration and e ﬀ ect on biodiversity. The system with the lowest environmental impact in terms of CF was BSHC (1.14 kg CO 2 -eq / kg of FPCM), while the most impactful system was the AGLC group (1.55 kg CO 2 -eq / kg of FPCM). Including the CF reduction due to soil carbon sequestered from grassland, it decreased di ﬀ erently for the two applied methods. For all four systems, the main factor for CF was enteric emission, while the main pollutant was biogenic CH 4 . Conversely, AGLC had the lowest impact when the damage to biodiversity was considered (damage score = 0.41 / kg of FPCM, damage to ecosystem diversity = 1.78 E-07 species*yr / kg FPCM). In comparison, BSHC had the greatest impact in terms of damage to biodiversity (damage score = 0.56 / kg of FPCM, damage to ecosystem diversity = 2.49 E-07 species*yr / kg FPCM). This study indicates the importance of including soil carbon sequestration from grasslands and e ﬀ ects on biodiversity when calculating the environmental performance of dairy farms.
Dislocation emission caused by different types of nanoscale deformation defects in CdTe

Dislocation-related defects induced by dislocation motion in p-CdTe were studied. Generation of “fresh” dislocations from the indented point of the CdTe (100), (110), and (111) surfaces at room temperatures was visualized by chemical etching and low temperature photoluminescence in a mapping regime. The crystallographic orientation of the dislocation rosettes of macroscopic plastic deformation lines was analyzed on the (100), (110), and (111) surfaces.
Assessment of Dietary Isoﬂavone Intake among Middle-Aged Chinese Men 1

We evaluated the reproducibility and validity of the FFQ used in the Shanghai Men’s Health Study (SMHS) for assessing dietary isoﬂavone intake, using multiple 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and urinary isoﬂavones as the reference criteria, with data from the dietary validation study of the SMHS. A total of 196 study subjects completed the 24-HDR and 2 FFQ and donated a quarterly spot urine sample during the 1-y study period. Levels of urinary isoﬂavones were measured in a random sample of 48 study participants. The correlation coefﬁcient between the 2 FFQ administered 1 y apart was 0.50 for soy protein intake and ranged from 0.50 to 0.51 for isoﬂavone intake. The correlations of isoﬂavone intake from the second FFQ with those from the multiple 24-HDR ranged from 0.38 (genistein) to 0.44 (glycitein), and the correlations with urinary isoﬂavone levels were 0.48 for total isoﬂavones, 0.44 for daidzein, 0.42 for genistein, and 0.54 for glycitein. The intraclass correlation coefﬁcients for the 4 spot urine samples were 0.36, 0.42, and 0.40 for daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, respectively, and 0.62, 0.68, and 0.55 for their metabolic products equol, dihydrodaidzein, and O-desmethylangolensin, respectively. These results suggest that the SMHS FFQ can reliably and accurately measure usual intake of isoﬂavones, and that the levels of isoﬂavones in urine samples are relatively stable among men in Shanghai. J. Nutr. 137: 1011–1016, 2007.
Edinburgh Explorer QED Corrections in B¯K¯+ at the Double-Differential Level

: We present a detailed analysis of QED corrections to ¯ B → ¯ K(cid:96) + (cid:96) − decays at the double-diﬀerential level. Cancellations of soft and collinear divergences are demonstrated analytically using the phase space slicing method. Whereas soft divergences are found to cancel at the diﬀerential level, the cancellation of the hard-collinear logs ln m (cid:96) require, besides photon-inclusiveness, a speciﬁc choice of kinematic variables. In particular, hard-collinear logs in the lepton-pair invariant mass distribution ( q 2 ), are sizeable and need to be treated with care when comparing with experiment. Virtual and real amplitudes are evaluated using an eﬀective mesonic Lagrangian. Crucially, we show that going beyond this approximation does not introduce any further infrared sensitive terms. All analytic computations are performed for generic charges and are therefore adaptable to semileptonic decays such as ¯ B → D(cid:96) ¯ ν .
UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AND ITS CORRELATES: A FIELD LEVEL STUDY AMONG CURRENTLY MARRIED WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN A RURAL AREA OF WEST BENGAL

was calculated by Population Proportionate to Size sampling. Required number of study subjects were drawn from list of each of the 6 villages by Simple Random Sampling. ABSTRACT Introduction: Unintended pregnancy is an important public health issue in developing countries like India. This study was conducted to elicit its magnitude and associated factors, among currently married women of reproductive age in a rural area of West Bengal. A Methodology: community based cross sectional study was conducted on 608 study participants. A structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection and analyzed in SPSS version 16. All the study participants had knowledge about contraceptionon. For current use of family planning Result: methods, 32.9% had tubectomy while 60.5% were on traditional methods. Among the study participants the unintended pregnancy was 15.5%and the important predictors were increased parity, increased number of living children, poor practice of modern methods of contraception and poor woman empowerment. Uunintended pregnancy has been found to be a major public health issue in rural area of West Bengal with no Conclusion: single factor responsible. There is utmost need to make them realize that induced abortion is not the right path to control unintended birth and comes with risks.
Understanding BIM’s impact on professional work practices using activity theory

Abstract Recent critiques of the BIM literature describe it as largely devoid of critical theoretical perspectives and theorization capable of explaining the nature of change in work practices in a holistic manner. In response, the authors argue that, from a theoretical standpoint, implementing BIM within professional work practices (as activity systems) induces their evolution through dysfunctions created within the systems and their resolution. Cases of professional organizations in South Africa that have implemented BIM within their organization and in multi-organizational projects helped to develop new theoretical insights into how professional work practices evolve using activity theory-based re-description of the data. Changes in professional work practices were analyzed sequentially within the framework, confirming theoretical propositions and revealing the dynamics between and within the interconnected system of actors, their object, tools, rules guiding work, roles they assume and the stakeholders. Essentially, the findings imply that the implementation of BIM significantly changes work practices within organizations, but gradually and over time. This supports an evolutionary, rather than a radical or revolutionary, view of BIM-induced change. This theoretical perspective could explain future dimensions of change in professional work practices involving BIM, and indeed similar work mediating tools.
Partitioning the environmental drivers of immunocompetence Science of the Total Environment

sistance and tolerance and, in turn, to the vital rates of infectious agents and the progression of the disease they cause. Our results illuminate the environmental regulation of vertebrate immunity (given the evolutionary con- servation of the molecular pathways involved) and they identify mechanisms through which immunocompetence and host-parasite dynamics might be impacted by changing environments. In particular, we predict a dominant sensitivity of immunocompetence and immunocompetence-driven host-pathogen dynamics to host diet shifts. The