Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Replacing Sedentary Behavior with a Light Intensity Physical Activity in the Homes of Older Adults

INTRODUCTION: Older adults aged 60+ years are particularly vulnerable to the exposure and negative health consequences related to sedentary behavior (SB). The development of feasible and effective SB interventions in older adults is needed. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a seated elliptical device (SED) to introduce a light-intensity PA to sedentary activities in the homes of older adults. METHODS: Each participant was outfitted with hip-mounted activity monitor and SED in the home for seven days. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four pedaling duration groups (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes/day) and instructed to accumulate SED pedaling at a self-selected light-intensity during typical SB activities for a minimum of three out of seven days. Pedaling adherence, participant perceptions, and SB displacement were assessed. RESULTS: There was a significant linear group trend (p<.001) for minutes pedaled per day and 100% adherence across all four pedaling duration groups with no significant difference in total pedaling days completed (p=.241). The 45 and 60 min group accumulated greater minutes per day of pedaling than the 15 and 30 min groups (p<.005) with no significant differences between the 45 and 60 min groups or the 15 and 30 min groups. Participants’ perceptions of using the SED were positive overall. CONCLUSION: Older adults were just as likely to complete 60 minutes of daily pedaling as all other groups without interrupting their typical sedentary activity. Longer-term adherence of the SED and the impact of replacing SB with a seated LPA on geriatric-relevant health outcomes should be investigated.
Two New Species and a New Nearctic Record in Genera Apteromyia and Nearcticorpus (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)

Nearcticorpus pecki n. sp. and Apteromyia newtoni n. sp. are described, and Apteromyia claviventris (Strobl) is recorded from North America. Each of these superficially similar terricolous species is illustrated, and the relationship between them is discussed. Both of these genera are included in the subfamily Limosininae Frey. Nearcticorpus Rohaac;ek and Marshall belongs to an isolated clade including Puncticorpus Duda. Apteromyia Vimmer is more closely related to a clade including Limosina Macquart (sensu Rohacek 1982) and related genera.
THE NEW PROTOSTELID GENUS ENDOSTELIUM

The new genus Endostelium belongs in the family Protostelidae ofthe order Protostelida in the class Mycetozoa. The type species, E. amerosporum, was discovered in Papua, New Guinea, and its two varieties, E. amerosporum var. medium and var. minus, were found in Saint John Virgin Island, West Indies. The previously described Protostelium zonatum is reclassified as Endostelium zonatum. All species and varieties have been found on dead attached plant parts. All members of the new genus are characterized by having stalks of the fruiting bodies developing within the rising sporogens, with lines of particles within the stalks which develop from cytoplasmic materials deposited through the apex of each enclosed developing stalk area. The spores and amoebae are surrounded by scabrous sheath material that often contains bacteria. The sheaths of E. zonatum are generally thinner than those of E. amerosporum. When the sheath disappears from an amoeba, the filose pseudopodia char?
Predation of waders (Charadrii) on prey populations : an exclosure experiment

The impact of waders Charadrii on mud-dwelling invertebrates in central Europe was studied by comparing the rates of prey change over 13 days in 10 exclosures and control sites. The most common invertebrates in the mud were chironomid larvae, which accounted for 90.5% of all invertebrates. Chironomid larval density in the exclosures averaging 11075 individuals m −2 , which is comparable to the high densities of Corophium volutator Pallas (9687ind. m −2 ) found in a British estuary (Goss-Custard 1977a)
Wonderful Crucible@@@The Crucible of Creation: The Burgess Shale and the Rise of Animals.

INTRODUCTION 1. SETTING THE SCENE 2. THE DISCOVERY OF THE BURGESS SHALE 3. JOURNEY TO THE BURGESS SHALE 4. THE SEARCH FOR NEW BURGESS SHALES 5. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BURGESS SHALE 6. THE ORIGIN OF PHYLA 7. OTHER WORLDS 8. THE LAST WORD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS APPENDIX 1: FURTHER READING APPENDIX 2: EXHIBITIONS APPENDIX 3: LOCALITIES GLOSSARY INDEX.
Assessment of Aspergillus spp. in a Modern Broiler Breeder Structure

Members of the genus Aspergillus are ubiquitous opportunistic saprophytic fungi regarded as major respiratory pathogens in birds, which can cause significant economic losses in chickens, with mortality, decreased weight gain and slaughter condemnations. Initial contamination of broiler poultry farms often occurs through use of contaminated litter or introduction of day-old birds that have received Aspergillus spp. conidia from hatchery facilities. This study evaluated different conditions at the broiler breeder level and tried to ascertain different risk factors connected to this contamination that can thrive in the hatchery. In most modern broiler breeder reproduction farms in Portugal, birds are kept on the ground and eggs are collected by means of an egg belt system. A total of 210 samples were collected from 30 flocks (one sample per variable and per flock). In each flock, the following samples were taken: 30 samples from egg surfaces (10 cm2) of randomly collected eggs from the floor (dirty eggs); 30 samples from eggs from the egg belt system (clean eggs); 30 samples from the egg belt system (10 cm2 of the egg belt surface) (egg belt system). Samples were tested using a swab soaked in distilled water and seeded on Rose Bengal (RB) medium for initial cultivation. The other sample from the egg belt system was performed putting the open RB plate on the running egg belt system for 5 min. Aspergillus spp. were detected in 46.2% of the samples (97/210), namely in 50% of clean eggs and 40% of dirty eggs. In the egg belt system, 56.7% of the samples were positive. Regarding feed and litter samples, 43.3% and 33.3% accordingly were positive. Samples directly collected from birds were 23.3% positive. Specific broiler breeder conditions, feed stuffs and animals are potential sources of fungi contamination in hatcheries and to the chick quality in broiler farms.
Oxyradical production as a pollution-mediated mechanism of toxicity in the common mussel, Mytilus edulis L., and other molluscs

Normal and pollution-enhanced oxy- radical (02-, H202, OH)* production in molluscs have been reviewed and discussed. Additionally, data are presented on the antioxidant enzyme responses and lipid peroxidation effects in diges- tive gland of Mytilus edulis L. exposed to 50p.p.b. benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or 1 p.p.m. of the model redox cycling compound menadione. Digestive gland microsomes support NADPH- and NADH- dependent oxyradical generation and the rates of production are increased by redox cycling com- pounds (menadione, nitrofurantoin, paraquat). Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, NAD(P)H-DT-diaphorase) and free radical scav- engers (glutathione, vitamins A, C and E, ,3-carotene) are present in molluscan tissues.
WATER FLOWS AROUND THE COMB PLATES OF THE CTENOPHORE PLEUROBRACHIA PLOTTED BY COMPUTER: A MODEL SYSTEM FOR STUDYING PROPULSION BY ANTIPLECTIC METACHRONISM

Patterns of water flow around steadily beating comb plates of Pleurobrachia pileus were tracked using suspended plastic beads. The positions of the beads and the comb plates in the plane of the central longitudinal axis of the comb row were digitised from high-speed cine films covering several beat cycles. All of the data from each sequence were combined using a computer program which integrated them into a standard cycle, and the resulting data were plotted by a second computer program to produce charts for different stages in the beat cycle showing the flow velocity at a grid of points. On these charts, contour maps were drawn to indicate the speed and direction of the water flow. Water is drawn towards each comb row from ahead and from the sides and accelerates strongly backwards in a fairly narrow stream which joins those from the other seven comb rows at the rear of the animal. At a beat frequency of 10 Hz the comb plates move with a tip speed of up to 70 mm s-1 in their effective stroke; they have an estimated Reynolds number of 9 in this stroke. Changes in inter- plate volume between adjacent antiplectically coordinated plates are very important in propulsion, particularly near the end of the effective stroke when pairs of adjacent plates close together and cause the high-speed water from around the ciliary tips to be shed into the overlying stream as a series of jets at speeds of 50 mm s-1 or more. The antiplectic coordination of the comb plates makes a major contribution to the efficiency of propulsion.
Reviewing 30 years of studies on the Common Cuckoo - accumulated knowledge and future perspectives

) have been found in more than 125 different host species. However, very few species are frequently parasitized. The Cuckoo is divided into several distinct races termed gentes. Females of each gens specialize in parasitizing a particular host species. More than 20 such gentes are recognized in Europe. Each female Cuckoo lays eggs of constant appearance. Most gentes can be separated based on their distinct egg types, which in many cases mimic those of their hosts. Different gentes may occur in sympatry or may be separated geo-graphically. Some gentes may occur in restricted parts of the host’s distribution area. These patterns raise some fundamental questions like: Why are some passerine species preferred as hosts while oth-ers are not? Why does a host population consist of individuals either accepting or rejecting Cuckoo eggs? Why is there marked variation in egg rejection behavior between various host populations? How distinct and host-specialized are Cuckoo gentes? These questions are discussed in relation to ex-isting knowledge and future perspectives.Keywords brood parasitism, host defense, coevolutionary arms race, Common Cuckoo gentes
MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF WILD ORIGANUM VULGARE (LAMIACEAE) IN IRAN

Evaluation of morphological diversity in 144 genotypes of twenty-four populations of Origanum vulgare grown in North line of Iran including two subspecies (subsp. viride & subsp. vulgare) was studied for determining valuable characters for future breeding programs and medicinal purposes. In this investigation, 32 quantitative and qualitative characters were evaluated. The results showed great diversity of important characters among populations. Results of simple correlation revealed significant correlations among some important characters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explained about 86% of the variation related to main effective characters such as second internode length, leaf, inflorescence and peduncle length, average number of inflorescence per stem, bract, calyx and corolla color, state of calyx and bract hairs, length and width of bract and calyx and petiole length. Cluster analysis at similarity coefficient distance of about 13 divided populations in two main groups. The first main group consisted of 21 populations and the second main group included three populations. All of the specimens located in the latter group and one population from the first group belonged to Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare, whereas the others were included in Origanum vulgare subsp. viride.
Impacts of large-scale restoration efforts on black bear habitat use in Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Arizona, United States

Impacts of large-scale changes in habitat due to human development, invasive species, and climate change are important considerations for wildlife management. Likewise, as efforts increase to recover and restore human-altered landscapes, indirect consequences on nontarget components of the restored ecosystem also must be considered. Currently, efforts are underway to eradicate nonnative Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) and tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) in Canyon de Chelly National Monument (CACH), United States, yet impacts to native wildlife, including the American black bear (Ursus americanus), which relies on these species for escape cover and foraging habitat, are not fully understood. Further, these efforts have the potential to impact sociopolitical aspects of the ecosystem, namely human–bear interactions (e.g., raiding of crops and livestock). We used occupancy modeling to evaluate black bear foraging ecology and habitat use in CACH to better understand how bears are using native and nonnative habitat resources and how restoration efforts may impact bears and human–bear interactions. We found that black bears rely heavily on Russian olive for food and that habitat use is driven by both native and nonnative (i.e., Russian olive) food resources; thus, restoration of native habitat in CACH may have negative impacts on bears through loss of a primary nonnative food source and escape cover. Furthermore, bear–human interactions may temporarily increase in the short term as bears adjust to this loss. Evaluating habitat use in an occupancy modeling framework provides an effective means for gauging nontarget impacts of restoration efforts on wildlife species, an essential step in effective wildlife management.
Finite Element Analysis Model of a PV Junction Box for Thermal Assessment

This study describes a methodology for Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based thermal modelling of a design of a Photovoltaic (PV)junction box (Jbox) for assessing its heat dissipation capability under test conditions prescribed in qualification standards IEC 62790 / IEC 61215. The effect of parameters such as wind speed, power dissipation in the diode and thermal conductivity of potting material on the diode junction temperature are explored. COMSOL Multiphysics was used for developing the geometry, defining physics and computing the temperature distributions. This model can be used for comparative thermal assessment of various Jbox designs pre-manufacturing and pre-certification for de-risking the new designs.
Inheritance and Biochemistry of OP-Resistance in a New York Strain of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite

The strong OP-resistance developed by parathion selection in the Niagara strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch proved to. be completely dominant in reciprocal crosses with the susceptible (S) counterpart strain. Bath sets of F1 × S back crosses showed clear segregation indicating monofactoriality. A strain with intermediate resistance was found to. be dearly divided into. resistant and susceptible types, and crosses between the S strain and R strain showed a single dominant gene to. be involved. The cholinesterase activity in the R strain and its sensitivity to. malaoxon inhibition was no. different from that in the S strain. Homogenates of the R strain were considerably mare active in converting malathion to. Water-soluble products than homogenates of the S strain.
Reproductive value vs sources and sinks

Why should an individual disperse to a subpopulation where its expected reproductive success is low is a question that has attracted a lasting interest (e.g., Fretwell and Lucas 1970, MacArthur 1972, Morris 1991, Dias 1996, Holt 1997). Expected reproductive success is here understood as the contribution to the future gene pool of the population (Fretwell and Lucas 1970: 19). Current discussions of this issue are based on the distinction of source and sink subpopulations. Here, it is noted that the commonly used definition of sources and sinks does not always capture the distinction between good and bad habitats that is relevant to the above question, which is given by individual reproductive values. Whether adaptation to a "bad" habitat will evolve is influenced by the reproductive values of the different habitats and the fitness effects of a trait in each habitat, as specified below. Therefore, the estimation of reproductive values, rather than the classification of subpopulations as sources and sinks, should be a key step in the analysis of data relative to the problems of dispersal strategies and adaptation to different habitats. An example of such estimation will be given, based on the dispersal data presented by Doncaster et al. (1997) for the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis (Temmink), and the similarities and differences between the two approaches will be discussed.
Role of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in nutrient cycling in Long Island Sound, New York, USA

The population dynamics of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi are often characterized by a substantial build-up and demise in abundance in coastal and estuarine waters, a pattern that may have a significant impact on nutrient cycling. Since many coastal ecosystems are experiencing negative impacts of eutrophication, there is great interest in quantifying nutrient loading sources. Still, the ability to calculate robust nutrient budgets in many coastal systems has been hampered by a poor understanding of the contribution of gelatinous zooplankton to nutrient pools. Long Island Sound is a highly productive, urban estuary within which M. leidyi occurs, but the role of this species in nutrient cycling was unknown. In 2011, the population biomass and nutrient remineralization rates (i.e. NH4, PO4) of M. leidyi in the estuary were evaluated. Ctenophores remineralized NH4 and PO4 at rates up to 0.62 and 0.13 μmol ind. −1 h−1, respectively, and were capable of substantial release of nutrients upon population demise (39.32 μmol m−3 d−1 of NH4 and 20.02 μmol m−3 d−1 of PO4). However, in both cases, these rates were not in quantities sufficient to support a major fraction of primary production (<1% d−1). This study suggests that ctenophores may contribute only in a minor way to nutrient pools in highly eutrophic ecosystems.
Greenhouse Energy Curtains Influence Shoot-tip Temperature of New Guinea Impatiens

Many greenhouse growers have installed retractable energy curtains to reduce energy losses and heating costs. We performed experiments to quantify the effect of retractable nighttime curtains on plant shoot-tip temperature of New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri Bull.) grown in glass-glazed greenhouses during winter. Plants were grown in separate greenhouses under different curtain materials and the following measurements were collected: plant shoot tip,aerial wet and dry bulb, and cover (glazing and superstructure or curtain) temperature; net canopy radiation (250 to 60,000 nm); transmitted shortwave radiation (SWR; 300 to 3,000 nm); and air velocity. At night, plants under an extended curtain had a higher (by 0.5 to 2.3 8C) shoot-tip temperature and the net longwave radiation (LWRnet; 3,000 to 100,000 nm) was 70% to 125% greater than plants without a curtain. Shoot-tip temperature was 0.2 to 0.6 8C lower under a shading curtain with open-weave construction (high air permeability) compared with closed-weave constructed curtains (e.g., blackout). As cover temperature decreased from 21 to 12 8C, measured shoot-tip temperature and LWRnet decreased by a mean of 3.0 8C and 39.1 Wm -2 , respectively. Under a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of 0.4 to 0.9 kPa, plant shoot-tip temperature was a mean of 1.0 8C closer to dry-bulb temperature compared with plants undera VPD of 1.4 to 1.8 kPa as a result of decreasedtranspiration. During the day, shoot-tip temperature was 1.2 8C lower than dry-bulb temperature when transmitted SWR was less than 100 Wm -2 and on average 1.6 8C higher than the dry-bulb temperature when SWR was more than 100 Wm -2 . Therefore, in addition to reducing greenhouse heating costs, a curtain extended at night over a crop of New Guinea impatiens could increase plant shoot-tip temperature and accelerate development.
Life History Aspects of the Mexican Salamander Ambystoma rosaceum (Amphibia, Urodela, Ambystomatidae)

Breeding sites, eggs, small larvae, and neotenes of Ambystoma rosaceum are described. The breeding habitat is slow-moving mountain streams. Preferred deposition sites of single eggs seem to be the undersides of flat rocks. Hatchling larvae are uniformly dark brown until acquisition of a pale-dark mottling near 35 mm SVL. Breeding occurs in summer with the advent of the rainy season, and may occur in winter months. Neoteny and variations in the annual reproductive cycle are probably dependent on permanent water. Life history features are compared with those of Ambystoma ordinarium. The geographic range of A. rosaceum is extended into the Mexican states of Sinaloa and Zacatecas. ated. Anderson and Worthington (1971) reported that the entire life history of Ambystoma ordinarium takes place in fast-moving mountain brooks. Anderson (1961) described certain aspects of the life history of A. rosaceum, reporting that larval development takes place in clear, generally slow-moving mountain streams and requires about one year, and that after metamorphosis adults return to terrestrial habitats. Larvae of A. rosaceum greater than 35 mm snout to vent length (SVL) are strikingly marked with contrasting light and dark stripes, spotting or mottling (Anderson, 1961).
Estimating the nest-success rate and the number of nests initiated by radiomarked mallards

We developed a methodology for estimating the nest-success rate, the total number of nests initiated, and the average number of nests initiated per breeding pair by a group of radiomarked mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) females. Our methodology allows incomplete observation of all nests initiated and is related to current nest-success models. However, our method relaxes the assumption of equal daily survival rates made by the Mayfield method, and it incorporates the detection probabilities of newly encountered nests, which are ignored by the Mayfield method. Model selection and model averaging using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) are used so that estimates are no longer conditional upon the best-fitting model. Estimated daily nest-survival rates in our example were 0.94 (SE = 0.005), which gives an estimated nest-success rate over 25 days of 0.20 (SE = 0.03). We estimated that our sample of 124 resident females initiated 237 (SE = 15) nests for an estimated 1.91 (SE = 0.12) nests initiated per female. This was substantially larger than the observed (uncorrected) 1.41 nests per female, despite the high sampling effort and the fact that the nests were located at an average of 5 days of age. Our estimate of nests initiated was substantially more precise than similar estimates derived using the Mayfield method. We estimate an approximate 6-fold reduction in the sample size required by our method compared to the Mayfield method to obtain comparable precision for this parameter.
REVISION DES TRICHOPTèRES CANADIENS: II. Les Glossosomatidae et Philopotamidae (Annulipalpia)

Twenty-nine species of Glossosomatidae and 14 species of Philopotamidae are known from Canada and adjacent States. Given, are family, subfamily, generic, subgeneric, and specific diagnoses of all the taxa of these two families, along with keys. The species are described and illustrated, with their relationships and synonymies and distribution maps.
Functional morphology of the skull in Lysorophus: a snake-like Paleozoic amphibian (Lepospondyli)

Lysorophus, a serpentiform, nearly limbless, aquatic Paleozoic amphibian was described in detail by Sollas in 1920. Although Sollas did not discuss cranial kinesis, his original reconstructions suggest that Lysorophus had an unusually kinetic skull for an amphibian. We have reexamined the skull of Lysorophus and find that kinesis, if present, was slight. The maxillae, premaxillae, and vomers might have moved in limited protraction and retraction, with the premaxillae rotating about their contacts with the nasals. There is a possibility of small medio-lateral movements of the lacrimal and maxilla as a unit at the lacrimal-prefrontal joint. The skull of Lysorophus shows many features convergent with the skulls of burrowing reptiles, such as amphisbaenians. Modifications in the skull of Lysorophus from a more primitive tetrapod condition seem associated with burrowng in a soft substratum rather than with kinesis per se.