Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P5P (B6) Focused Genetics, Epigenetic Glance to Health

B6 is a versatile vitamin with many functions and is involved in more than 100 enzymatic reactions. B6 is a term that refers to six compounds that function similarly in the body. The first three are pyridoxamine (PN, an alcohol), pyridoxal (PL, an aldehyde), pyridoxamine (PM) containing an amino group. The corresponding 5′-phosphate esters form the remaining three: pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP or P5P), pyridoxine 5′-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP). Vitamin B6 must be taken from outside foods. In a healthy body, the liver converts B6 taken from the outside into its active form, P5P. If this transformation is not done in sufficient amounts due to genetic, epigenetic or social reasons, it can cause physiological, psychological and social consequences. In such cases supplementation with P5P may be necessary. Vitamin B6 is found in the structure of proteins and basic compounds in our body, transmitters, erythrocytes and prostaglandins in the nervous system. Vitamin B6 is also important in maintaining hormonal balance and regulating immune system functions. P5P, the body-activated form of vitamin B6, is involved in many reactions, is a part of amino acid synthesis, and others are related to single carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism, glyconeogenesis, heme and neurotransmitter biosynthesis. P5P, aside from functioning as a co-factor, is defined as radical cleaner of reactive oxygen types, a metal chelator and a chaperone in the enzyme folding process. Since it is involved in so many enzymatic reactions, sufficient levels are important to promote and maintain a healthy body. Vitamin B6 is depleted by stress, which can affect your social position, mood, sleep and pain level. In this study, the literature was reviewed by focusing on B6 (P5P) and the effects of P5P on chronic inflammatory diseases and other diseases. It was concluded that the use of P5P would be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
Comparing patients treated in special security civil state hospital units with patients in forensic programs

Psychiatric inpatients in special units designed for the treatment/management of violence (secure care) are compared with inpatients in three forensic programs. Although program designers anticipated that secure care and forensic patients would be similar, they were not. Principally, secure care patients were lower functioning in the psychiatric areas and were more likely to have engaged in a physical assault in the last 30 days. Language: en
Experimental immunology The activity of phagocytic cells after in vivo administration of propentofylline in mice

Propentofylline, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, increases the intracellular level of cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) and, in consequence, can change the activity of many cells, including immune cells. The studies were conducted on female Balb/c mice (8 weeks of age). Propentofylline was administered orally once or six times at 12 h intervals at a therapeutic dose of 3 mg/kg. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO) by resident peritoneal murine macrophages stimulated in vitro with lipopolisaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and the phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes from peripheral blood were determined 12 h and 24 h after a single dose or after the last of six doses of propentofylline administration. A temporary decrease in TNF-α synthesis and an increase in IL-1β production were noted 12 h following a single administration of propentofylline. No effect on the TNF-α and IL-1β release was observed after six doses of the drug applied. Propentofylline, irrespective of the number of subsequent doses applied, did not change the synthesis and release of NO by peritoneal murine macrophages stimulated in vitro with LPS. No effect on the percentage of phagocytosing granulocytes and monocytes was observed after a single administration of propentofylline. However, an increase in the fluorescence intensity of the granulocytes was observed 12 h and 24 h after a single dose of the drug administered. Propentofylline administered six times did not change the fluorescence intensity of granulocytes and monocytes, but an increase in the percentage of phagocytosing monocytes was noted. The results obtained in the present study showed that propentofylline administered in vivo did not exhibit an immunosuppressive influence on the activity of phagocytic cells. The changes after propentofylline administration were short-lived and were balanced during the treatment.
Resting heart rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality.

In a prospective cohort study associations of resting heart rate with risk of coronary cardiovascular disease cancer and all-cause mortality in age-specific cohorts of black and white men and women were examined over 22 years of follow-up. Participants were employees from 84 [U.S.] companies and organizations in the Chicago Illinois area. In summary heart rate was a risk factor for mortality from coronary disease all cardiovascular diseases and all causes in the younger men and in middle-aged men and women and for cancer mortality in middle-aged men and women. (EXCERPT)
Study on Nurses' Report Intention of Nursing Adverse Events and its Influencing Factors

Objective To learn nurses' report intention of nursing adverse events and explore its influencing factors. Methods A sample of 1230 nurses of four tertiary general hospitals in our city was included in this survey. The questionnaire involved basic social demographic information, the questionnaire of nurses' report intention of nursing adverse event and their awareness of report intention of nursing adverse event. Results 1) The nurses' report intention of nursing adverse event was significantly different according to their sociological and demographic characteristics. 2) There was a significant(P0.05) positive correlation between the nurses' awareness of nursing adverse event and their report intention; 3) Multiple linear regression showed that nurses' professional titles and their awareness of nursing adverse events are predicting factors of their report intention. Conclusion Complete reporting system and train the nurses who are more intent to conceal nursing adverse events to increase the report rate of nursing adverse events.
Advances in MRI for colorectal cancer and bowel motility

In the first part of this thesis certain aspects of MRI in the evaluation of colorectal cancer and its precursors, and restaging of rectal cancer were addressed. The current status of MR colonography regarding the different preparation techniques as well as the imaging sequences and colon distension methods were reviewed. The diagnostic accuracy, bowel distension, and patient burden of 3 Tesla MR colonography with the use of a limited bowel preparation and automated carbon dioxide bowel insufflation was assessed in patients symptomatic for colorectal cancer and compared with colonoscopy. The diagnostic performances of MRI for restaging rectal cancer tumour status, lymph node involvement and tumour free resection margins after chemoradiotherapy were reviewed. In the second part of this thesis the advances of MRI in bowel motility assessment were addressed. The feasibility of detecting bowel motion both in a phantom model and one human subject, with the motion-sensitive SPAMM technique at 3T MRI was described. The motion sensitive imaging technique described in the feasibility study was further validated in a group of ten healthy volunteers.
QuickTake: Number of Uninsured Adults Falls by 5.4 Million since 2013

The Urban Institute's Health Reform Monitoring Survey (HRMS) has been tracking insurance coverage since the first quarter of 2013. Today, we report the first estimate of how the uninsurance rate has changed through early March 2014. These results track changes through most of the first Affordable Care Act's (ACA) open-enrollment period, which ended on March 31, 2014. Analysis of data from the March 2014 HRMS shows the uninsurance rate for nonelderly adults (age 18? 64) was 15.2 percent for the nation, a drop of 2.7 percentage points since September 2013, the month before ACA open enrollment began. This represents a gain in coverage for about 5.4 million adults.
Protein kinase C mediates the mitogenic action of thrombopoietin in c-Mpl-expressing UT-7 cells

Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in signal transduction events elicited by several hematopoietic growth factors. Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the major regulator of megakaryocytic lineage development, and its receptor, c-Mpl, transduces signals for the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. In this study we have examined the effect of TPO on the subcellular distribution of PKC (a measure of enzyme activation) in a growth factor-dependent pluripotent hematopoietic cell line that was engineered to express the c-Mpl receptor (UT-7/mpl). In addition, we have assessed the significance of this activation for the induction of both mitogenesis and differentiation. Using a PKC translocation assay, TPO was found to stimulate a time- and dose-dependent increase in the total content of PKC activity present in the membrane fraction of UT-7/mpl cells (maximum increase = 2.3-fold above basal level after 15 minutes with 40 ng/mL TPO, EC50 = 7 ng/mL). Accordingly, a decrease of PKC content in the cytosolic fraction was observed. Immunoblot analysis using PKC isotype-specific antibodies showed that TPO treatment led to a marked increase of the Ca2+/diacylglycerol-sensitive PKC isoforms alpha and beta found in the membrane fraction. In contrast, the subcellular distribution of these isoforms did not change after treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Exposure of UT-7/mpl cells to the selective PKC inhibitor GF109203X completely inhibited the PKC activity associated to the membrane fraction after TPO treatment, and blocked the mitogenic effect of TPO. In contrast, GF109203X had no effect on the TPO-induced expression of GpIIb, a megakaryocytic differentiation antigen. Downregulation of PKC isoforms alpha and beta to less than 25% of their initial level by treatment with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate also abolished the TPO-induced mitogenic response, but had no significant effect when this response was induced by GM-CSF. Taken together, these findings suggest that (1) TPO stimulates the activation of PKC, (2) PKC activation mediates the mitogenic action of TPO, and (3) PKC activation is not required for TPO-induced expression of megakaryocytic surface markers.
Epidemiologic survey on the depressive symptoms of college freshmen

OBJECTIVE The incidence rate of depressive symptoms among college freshmen was studied to provide a scientific reference for the development of mental health educational programs for college freshmen.METHODS 1 986 college freshmen from a campus of a university were randomly selected,and the prevalence of depressive symptoms among the students was studied using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). RESULTS(1) 465 freshmen(23.6%) were tested positive for depression and 360 freshmen(17.8%) were possibly depressed,with a positive rate of 41.4%. (2) Significant difference in depressive symptoms existed between gender and family background;for example,incident rate among male students was significantly higher than that among female students(χ2= 7.728,υ = 2,P﹤0.05),and incident rate among students who came from urban areas was significantly higher than that among students who came from the countryside(χ2= 14.339,υ = 4,P﹤0.01). In addition,the wealthier the student's family is,the lower the incidence rate of depressive symptoms was;nonetheless,the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION The study indicates that the incidence rate of depressive symptoms among college freshmen is influenced by three factors,including gender,family background,and family economic situation.The overall level of depression is higher than typical college students in west China,suggesting that mental intervention has become necessary.
Stability of DNA Methylation Patterns in Mouse Spermatogonia Under Conditions of MTHFR Deficiency and Methionine Supplementation 1 Running Title: DNA methylation in MTHFR-deficient male germ cells

Little is known about the conditions contributing to the stability of DNA methylation patterns in male germ cells. Altered folate pathway enzyme activity and methyl donor supply are two clinically significant factors that can affect the methylation of DNA. 5,10Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key folate pathway enzyme involved in providing methyl groups from dietary folate for DNA methylation. Mice heterozygous for a targeted mutation in the Mthfr gene (Mthfr +/- ) are a good model for humans homozygous for the MTHFR677C>T polymorphism which is found in 10% of the population and associated with decreased MTHFR activity and infertility. High dose folic acid is administered as an empirical treatment for male infertility. Here, we examined MTHFR expression in developing male germ cells and evaluated DNA methylation patterns and effects of a range of concentrations of methionine in spermatogonia from Mthfr +/- as compared to wildtype, Mthfr +/+ mice. MTHFR
Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by oral administration of myelin basic protein

Objective To establish on animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and to investigate the therapeutic effect of orally administrated myelin basic protein (MBP) on EAE. Methods With guinea pig spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA GPSCH) or MBP in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA MBP) and Bordetella pertussis vaccine (BPV) was injected intradermally to induce EAE in Wistar rats. To investigate the suppression of clinical and histological manifestations of the disease when animals were fed with MBP before or after disease induction. Results With CFA GPSCH or CFA MBP and BPV, we succeeded in the induction of EAE in Wistar rats, and the incidence of EAE was more than 90%. The clinical expression of the disease was suppressed whether animals were fed with MBP before or after sensitization, the incidence of EAE was dramatically decreased in animals which were fed with MBP before disease induction, and the duration of disease was shortened significantly in animals which were fed with MBP after onset of the disease. Histological examination revealed a marked reduction of perivascular infiltrates in rats fed with MBP either before or after sensitization to MBP. In addition, DTH responses to whole MBP were suppressed and the suppression of in vitro proliferative responses to MBP were observed to be antigen specific. Conclusions EAE can be prevented and cured by oral administration of MBP to induce specific immunologic tolerance.
Gonadotropin-releasinghormoneII:amulti-purposeneuropeptide

Synopsis Close to 30 forms of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and at least five GnRH receptors have been identified in a wide variety of vertebrates and some invertebrates. One form, now called GnRH II, has the broadest distribution and the most ancient and conserved phylogeny. The distribution of the neurons that produce this peptide are completely nonoverlapping with any other GnRH forms. Fibers that project from these neurons overlap with GnRH I cells and/or fibers in a few regions, but are primarily divergent. The musk shrew (Suncus murinus) continues to be the most tractable mammalian species to use for studies of the function of GnRH II. The brain of the musk shrew has two GnRH genes (I and II), two GnRH receptors (types-1 and -2), and two different behaviors can be influenced by central infusion of GnRH II, but not by GnRH I; receptivity and feeding. Here, we summarize research on the musk shrew relative to the behavioral functions of GnRH II. First, female musk shrews are continually sexually receptive by virtue of their lack of an ovarian and/or behavioral estrus cycle. This feature of their reproductive ecology may be related to their semi-tropical distribution and their breeding season is highly dependent on changes in the availability of food. When food is not abundant, females stop mating, but brief bouts of feeding reinstate reproductive behavior. Likewise, intake of food is related to GnRH II mRNA and peptide content in the brain; after mild food restriction both decline. When GnRH II is infused centrally, at times when its content is low, it can both enhance receptivity and inhibit food intake. Simultaneous administration of a type-1 antagonist does not change the effect of GnRH II and use of an analog (135-18) that is a specific GnRH II agonist as well as a type-1 antagonist has the same effect as the endogenous GnRH II peptide. We propose that GnRH II plays a critical role by orchestrating the coordination of reproduction with the availability of nutritional support for these activities. Humans are bombarded with copious nutritional opportunities and at present obesity is a larger threat to health in many parts of the world than is under nutrition. It is our hope that understanding neuropeptides such as GnRH II that regulate food intake can ultimately lead to products that may curb appetite and thus decrease obesity and related risks to health.
Enthusing staff delivering taught Masters programmes

Abstract New staff have described their taught Masters programmes as ‘traditional heaven’, ‘my place to talk about me and what I do’ and ‘the main opportunity I have to present my research’. This reflection is based on personal experience and reflections from staff; it raises four areas of concern, and suggests some strategies for encouraging staff development. It suggests there is plenty of scope for significant innovation to the benefit of all concerned.
Oviduct Binding and Elevated Environmental pH Induce Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Stallion Spermatozoa Running title: PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION IN STALLION SPERM

Sperm-oviduct binding is an essential step in the capacitation process preparing the sperm for fertilization in several mammalian species. In many species, capacitation can be induced in vitro by exposing spermatozoa to bicarbonate, Ca 2+ and albumin; however, these conditions are insufficient in the horse. We hypothesized that binding to the oviduct epithelium is an essential requirement for the induction of capacitation in stallion spermatozoa. Sperm-oviduct binding was established by co-incubating equine oviduct explants for 2 h with stallion spermatozoa (2 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/ml), during which it transpired that the highest density (per mm²) of oviduct-bound spermatozoa was achieved under non-capacitating conditions. In subsequent experiments, sperm-oviduct incubations were performed for 6 h under noncapacitating versus capacitating conditions. The oviduct-bound spermatozoa showed a time-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation response, that was not observed in unbound spermatozoa or spermatozoa incubated in oviduct explant conditioned medium. Both oviduct-bound and unbound sperm remained motile with intact plasma membrane and acrosome. Since protein tyrosine phosphorylation can be induced in equine spermatozoa by media with high pH, the intracellular pH of oviduct explant cells and bound spermatozoa was monitored fluorometrically after staining with BCECF-AM dye. The epithelial secretory cells contained large, alkaline vesicles. Moreover, oviduct-bound spermatozoa showed a gradual increase in intracellular pH, presumably due to an alkaline local microenvironment created by the secretory epithelial cells, given that unbound spermatozoa did not show intracellular pH changes. Thus, sperm-oviduct interaction appears to facilitate equine sperm capacitation by creating an alkaline local environment that triggers intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation in bound sperm. Summary sentence: Binding of sperm to oviduct epithelium at the late pre-ovulatory stage induces protein tyrosine phosphorylation in stallion spermatozoa, a modification correlated primarily with high pH content of oviductal secretory cells.
Statistical Criteria in fMRI Studies of Multisensory Integration Comparison of Vector Space Model Methodologies to Reconcile Cross-Species Neuroanatomical Concepts Development of a Model for Microphysiological Simulations

The node of Ranvier is a complex structure found along myelinated nerves of vertebrate animals. Specific membrane, cytoskeletal, junctional, extracellular matrix proteins and organelles interact to maintain and regulate associated ion movements between spaces in the nodal complex, potentially influencing response variation during repetitive activations or metabolic stress. Understanding and building high resolution three dimensional (3D) structures of the node of Ranvier, including localization of specific macromolecules, is crucial to a better understanding of the relationship between its structure and function and the macromolecular basis for impaired conduction in disease. Using serial section electron tomographic methods, we have constructed accurate 3D models of the nodal complex from mouse spinal roots with resolution better than 7.5 nm. These reconstructed volumes contain 75–80% of the thickness of the nodal region. We also directly imaged the glial axonal junctions that serve to anchor the terminal loops of the myelin lamellae to the axolemma. We created a model of an intact node of Ranvier by truncating the volume at its midpoint in Z, duplicating the remaining volume and then merging the new half volume with mirror symmetry about the Z-axis. We added to this model the distribution and number of Na+ channels on this reconstruction using tools associated with the MCell simulation program environment. The model created provides accurate structural descriptions of the membrane compartments, external spaces, and formed Development of a Model for Microphysiological Simulations Small Nodes of Ranvier From Peripheral Nerves of Mice Reconstructed by Electron Tomography Gina E. Sosinsky1,*,Thomas J. Deerinck1, Rocco Greco1, Casey H. Buitenhuys1, Thomas M. Bartol 2 and Mark H. Ellisman1,* 1 National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences and the Center for Research on Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, CA2 Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 133 *Authors to whom all correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. E-Mail: gsosinsky@ucsd.edu; mark@ncmir.ucsd.edu Sosinsky.qxd 25/05/2005 04:08 pm Page 133
Identification of Ube2b as a Novel Target of Androgen Receptor in Mouse Sertoli Cells 1 Short title: Ube2b as a Novel Target of Androgen Receptor

Many genes are regulated by androgen and its receptor (AR), but the direct target genes of AR, especially those involved in spermatogenesis and male infertility, remain unclear. Here, we identified ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2B (Ube2b) as a critical target gene of AR. The expression of Ube2b was decreased in the testes of Sertoli cell AR knockout (S-AR -/y ) mice analyzed by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The upregulation of Ube2b gene by testosterone was further demonstrated by Western blot, qRT-PCR in TM4 cells, a mouse Sertoli cell line. Moreover, luciferase assay, EMSA and ChIP assay validated that the ligand-bound AR activated Ube2b transcription via direct binding to the androgen responsive element of the Ube2b promoter. In vitro analyses showed that testosterone increased Ube2b expression and activated H2A ubiquitylation, while downregulation of Ube2b blocked the testosterone-induced H2A ubiquitylation. The ubiquitylation of H2A was markedly decreased in the testes of S-AR -/y mice by immunohistochemistry. Digital gene expression analysis showed that 113 genes were significantly downregulated and 71 were upregulated by UBE2B in TM4 cells. These results suggest that Ube2b as a direct AR transcriptional target in Sertoli cells mediates the function of AR in spermatogenesis by promoting H2A ubiquitylation. Summary sentence: Androgen and its receptor directly upregulates Ube2b gene expression via the potential ARE element.