Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The linear velocity field of 2MASS Redshift Survey, Ks= 11.75 galaxies: constraints on β and bulk flow from the luminosity function

Using the nearly full-sky Ks= 11.75 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS; Huchra et al.) of ∼45 000 galaxies, we reconstruct the underlying peculiar velocity field and constrain the cosmological bulk flow within ∼100 h−1 Mpc. These results are obtained by maximizing the probability to estimate the absolute magnitude of a galaxy given its observed apparent magnitude and redshift. At a depth of ≈60 h−1 Mpc, we find a bulk flow in agreement with the theoretical predictions of the Λ cold dark matter model. The reconstructed peculiar velocity field that maximizes the likelihood is characterized by the parameter β= 0.32 ± 0.08. Both results are in agreement with those obtained previously using the ∼23 000 galaxies of the shallower Ks= 11.25 2MRS survey. In our analysis, we find that the luminosity function of 2MRS galaxies is poorly fitted by the Schechter form and that luminosity evolves such that objects become fainter with increasing redshift according to L(z) =L(z= 0)(1 +z)+2.7 ± 0.15.
Effect of spin-orbit nuclear charge density corrections due to the anomalous magnetic moment on halonuclei

In this paper we consider the contribution of the anomalous magnetic moments of protons and neutrons to the nuclear charge density. We show that the spin-orbit contribution to the mean-square charge radius, which has been neglected in recent nuclear calculations, can be important in light halonuclei. We estimate the size of the effect in helium, lithium, and beryllium nuclei. It is found that the spin-orbit contribution represents a approx2% correction to the charge density at the center of the {sup 7}Be nucleus. We derive a simple expression for the correction to the mean-square charge radius due to the spin-orbit term and find that in light halonuclei it may be larger than the Darwin-Foldy term and comparable to finite size corrections. A comparison of experimental and theoretical mean-square radii including the spin-orbit contribution is presented.
Low frequency follow up of radio haloes and relics in the GMRT Radio Halo Cluster Survey

Aims. To gain insight into the origin of diffuse radio sources in galaxy clusters and their connection with cluster merger processes, we performed GMRT low frequency observations of the radio haloes, relics and new candidates belonging to the GMRT radio Halo cluster sample first observed at 610 MHz. Our main aim was to investigate their observational properties and integrated spectra at frequencies below 610 MHz. Methods. High sensitivity imaging was performed using the GMRT at 325 MHz and 240 MHz. The properties of the diffuse emission in each cluster were compared to our 610 MHz images and/or literature information available at other frequencies, in order to derive the integrated spectra over a wide frequency range. Results. Cluster radio haloes form a composite class in terms of spectral properties. Beyond the classical radio haloes, whose spectral index α is in the range ∼1.2 ÷ 1.3 (S ∝ ν −α ), we found sources with α ∼ 1.6 ÷ 1.9. This result supports the idea that the spectra of the radiating particles in radio haloes is not universal and that inefficient mechanisms of particle acceleration are responsible for their origin. We also found a variety of brightness distributions, i.e. both centrally peaked and clumpy haloes. Even though the thermal and relativistic plasma tend to occupy the same cluster volume, in some cases a positional shift between the radio and X-ray peaks of emission is evident. Our observations also revealed diffuse cluster sources that cannot be easily classified as either haloes or relics. New candidate relics were found in A 1300 and in A 1682, and in some clusters “bridges” of radio emission have been detected, connecting the relic and radio halo emission. Finally, by combining our new data with information in the literature, we derived the LogLX –L ogP325 MHz correlation for radio haloes, and investigated the possible correlation of the spectral index of radio haloes with the temperature of the intracluster medium.
Particle Physics Implications of F-Theory

We review recent progress in realizing Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) in a strongly coupled formulation of type IIB string theory known as F-theory. This review's main emphasis is on the expected low-energy phenomenology of a minimal class of F-theory GUTs. We introduce the primary ingredients in such constructions, then present qualitative features of GUT models in this framework such as GUT breaking, doublet-triplet splitting, and proton decay. Next, we review proposals for realizing flavor hierarchies in the quark and lepton sectors. We discuss possible supersymmetry-breaking scenarios and their consequences for experiments, as well as geometrically minimal realizations of F-theory GUTs that incorporate most of these features.
Operationalization and Reporting Practices in Manuscripts Addressing Gender Differences in Biomedical Research: A Cross-Sectional Bibliographical Study

Historically, authors in the biomedical field have often conflated the terms sex and gender in their research significantly limiting the reproducibility of the reported results. In the present study, we investigated current reporting practices around gender in biomedical publications that claim the identification of “gender differences”. Our systematic research identified 1117 articles for the year 2019. After random selection of 400 publications and application of inclusion criteria, 302 articles were included for analysis. Using a systematic evaluation grid, we assessed the provided methodological detail in the operationalization of gender and the provision of gender-related information throughout the manuscript. Of the 302 articles, 69 (23%) solely addressed biological sex. The remaining articles investigated gender, yet only 15 (6.5%) offered reproducible information about the operationalization of the gender dimension studied. Followingly, these manuscripts also provided more detailed gender-specific background, analyses and discussions compared to the ones not detailing the operationalization of gender. Overall, our study demonstrated persistent inadequacies in the conceptual understanding and methodological operationalization of gender in the biomedical field. Methodological rigor correlated with more nuanced and informative reporting, highlighting the need for appropriate training to increase output quality and reproducibility in the field.
The Influence of Leadership Style, Communication, and Work Discipline on Employee Performance of PT Sinar Gunung Sawit Raya

Amid the Covid-19 pandemic, economic growth in various business sectors worldwide has decreased. The background of this research is the phenomenon of not achieving production targets, leaders who are too strict with subordinates, communication between employees is not good, and lack of discipline and self-awareness of employees in carrying out regulations. This study aimed to examine and analyze the effect of Leadership Style, Communication, and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT Sinar Gunung Sawit Raya. The approach in this study is a quantitative descriptive approach. The population totals 140 employees. The technique of determining the sample is simple random sampling. Collecting data in this study using observation, questionnaires, and documentation studies. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression. Partial test results Leadership style has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Communication has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT Sinar Gunung Sawit Raya. Simultaneously Leadership Style, Communication, and Work Discipline positively and significantly affect Employee Performance at PT. Rays of Gunung Sawit Raya.
A cluster finding algorithm based on the multiband identification of red sequence galaxies

We present a new algorithm, CAMIRA, to identify clusters of galaxies in wide-field imaging survey data. We base our algorithm on the stellar population synthesis model to predict colours of red-sequence galaxies at a given redshift for an arbitrary set of bandpass filters, with additional calibration using a sample of spectroscopic galaxies to improve the accuracy of the model prediction. We run the algorithm on ~11960 deg^2 of imaging data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 8 to construct a catalogue of 71743 clusters in the redshift range 0.1<z<0.6 with richness after correcting for the incompleteness of the richness estimate greater than 20. We cross-match the cluster catalogue with external cluster catalogues to find that our photometric cluster redshift estimates are accurate with low bias and scatter, and that the corrected richness correlates well with X-ray luminosities and temperatures. We use the publicly available Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS) shear catalogue to calibrate the mass-richness relation from stacked weak lensing analysis. Stacked weak lensing signals are detected significantly for 8 subsamples of the SDSS clusters divided by redshift and richness bins, which are then compared with model predictions including miscentring effects to constrain mean halo masses of individual bins. We find the richness correlates well with the halo mass, such that the corrected richness limit of 20 corresponds to the cluster virial mass limit of about 1 \times 10^14 M_Sun/h for the SDSS DR8 cluster sample.
Partially massless gravitons do not destroy general relativity black holes

Recent nonlinear completions of Fierz-Pauli theory for a massive spin-2 field include nonlinear massive gravity and bimetric theories. The spectrum of black-hole solutions in these theories is rich, and comprises the same vacuum solutions of Einstein's gravity enlarged to include a cosmological constant. It was recently shown that Schwarzschild (de Sitter) black holes in these theories are generically unstable against spherical perturbations. Here we show that a notable exception is partially massless gravity, where the mass of the graviton is fixed in terms of the cosmological constant by \mu^2=2\Lambda/3 and a new gauge invariance emerges. We find that general-relativity black holes are stable in this limit. Remarkably, the spectrum of massive gravitational perturbations is isospectral.
The dimension spectrum of graph directed Markov systems

In this paper we study the dimension spectrum of general conformal graph directed Markov systems modeled by countable state symbolic subshifts of finite type. We perform a comprehensive study of the dimension spectrum addressing questions regarding its size and topological structure. As a corollary we obtain that the dimension spectrum of infinite conformal iterated function systems is compact and perfect. On the way we revisit the role of the parameter $\theta$ in graph directed Markov systems and we show that new phenomena arise. We also establish topological pressure estimates for subsystems in the abstract setting of symbolic dynamics with countable alphabets. These estimates play a crucial role in our proofs regarding the dimension spectrum, and they allow us to study Hausdorff dimension asymptotics for subsystems. Finally we narrow our focus to the dimension spectrum of conformal iterated function systems and we prove, among other things, that the iterated function system resulting from the complex continued fractions algorithm has full dimension spectrum. We thus give a positive answer to the Texan conjecture for complex continued fractions.
Exact analytic solution for non-linear density fluctuation in a ΛCDM universe

We derive the exact third-order analytic solution of the matter density fluctuation in the proper-time hypersurface in a ΛCDM universe, accounting for the explicit time-dependence and clarifying the relation to the initial condition. Furthermore, we compare our analytic solution to the previous calculation in the comoving gauge, and to the standard Newtonian perturbation theory by providing Fourier kernels for the relativistic effects. Our results provide an essential ingredient for a complete description of galaxy bias in the relativistic context.
Perspective on rainbow-ladder truncation

Prima facie the systematic implementation of corrections to the rainbow-ladder truncation of QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations will uniformly reduce in magnitude those calculated mass-dimensioned results for pseudoscalar and vector meson properties that are not tightly constrained by symmetries. The aim and interpretation of studies employing rainbow-ladder truncation are reconsidered in this light.
Diet Quality and Contextual Factors Influencing Food Choice among Adolescents with Food Security and Food Insecurity in Baltimore City

This study evaluated differences in overall diet quality, diet quality components, and food-related contextual factors between adolescents with food security and those with food insecurity. Mixed methods analysis was conducted on data from three 24-h dietary recalls from 61 adolescents ages 14–19 years old living in Baltimore, Maryland, USA in 2020–2021. All adolescents were sampled from households eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in 2020. There were no significant differences in overall diet quality or components between adolescents with food security and those with food insecurity in this sample, except for seafood and plant proteins, which was higher for adolescents with food insecurity. Qualitative analysis found that adolescents were largely influenced by their parents and the home food environment, and that workplace environments enabled adolescents to eat foods high in refined grains, sugar, and saturated fat. These findings provide insight about the experiences of low-income adolescents during times when they are home for prolonged periods (i.e., emergency school closures, summer, and winter breaks). Programs and policies that aim to improve healthy food access may positively impact adolescent food security and diet quality, and it is important to ensure that healthy foods are available and accessible to adolescents in the places where they spend the most time. Multilevel interventions in the home, school, and workplace may be most effective in encouraging healthy eating behaviors among adolescents.
THE TWO-PHASE FORMATION HISTORY OF SPIRAL GALAXIES TRACED BY THE COSMIC EVOLUTION OF THE BAR FRACTION

We study the evolution of galactic bars and the link with disk and spheroid formation in a sample of zoom-in cosmological simulations. Our simulation sample focuses on galaxies with present-day stellar masses in the 1010–1011 M☉ range, in field and loose group environments, with a broad variety of mass growth histories. In our models, bars are almost absent from the progenitors of present-day spirals at z > 1.5, and they remain rare and generally too weak to be observable down to z ≈ 1. After this characteristic epoch, the fractions of observable and strong bars rise rapidly, bars being present in 80% of spiral galaxies and easily observable in two thirds of these at z ⩽ 0.5. This is quantitatively consistent with the redshift evolution of the observed bar fraction, although the latter is presently known up to z ≈ 0.8 because of band-shifting and resolution effects. Our models hence predict that the decrease in the bar fraction with increasing redshift should continue with a fraction of observable bars not larger than 10%–15% in disk galaxies at z > 1. Our models also predict later bar formation in lower-mass galaxies, in agreement with existing data. We find that the characteristic epoch of bar formation, namely redshift z ≈ 0.8–1 in the studied mass range, corresponds to the epoch at which today's spirals acquire their disk-dominated morphology. At higher redshift, disks tend to be rapidly destroyed by mergers and gravitational instabilities and rarely develop significant bars. We hence suggest that the bar formation epoch corresponds to the transition between an early “violent” phase of spiral galaxy formation at z ⩾ 1 and a late “secular” phase at z ⩽ 0.8. In the secular phase, the presence of bars substantially contributes to the growth of the (pseudo-)bulge, but the bulge mass budget remains statistically dominated by the contribution of mergers, interactions, and disk instabilities at high redshift. Early bars at z > 1 are often short-lived, while most of the bars formed at z ⩽ 1 persist down to z = 0, late cosmological gas infall being necessary to maintain some of them.
Computer Vision System for Mango Fruit Defect Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Machine learning techniques play a significant role in agricultural applications for computerized grading and quality evaluation of fruits. In the agricultural domain, automation improves the quality, productivity, and economic growth of a country. The quality grading of fruits is an essential measure in the export market, especially defect detection of a fruit’s surface. This is especially pertinent for mangoes, which are highly popular in India. However, the manual grading of mango is a time-consuming, inconsistent, and subjective process. Therefore, a computer-assisted grading system has been developed for defect detection in mangoes. Recently, machine learning techniques, such as the deep learning method, have been used to achieve efficient classification results in digital image classification. Specifically, the convolution neural network (CNN) is a deep learning technique that is employed for automated defect detection in mangoes. This study proposes a computer-vision system, which employs CNN, for the classification of quality mangoes. After training and testing the system using a publicly available mango database, the experimental results show that the proposed method acquired an accuracy of 98%.
Building a path-integral calculus: a covariant discretization approach

Path integrals are a central tool when it comes to describing quantum or thermal fluctuations of particles or fields. Their success dates back to Feynman who showed how to use them within the framework of quantum mechanics. Since then, path integrals have pervaded all areas of physics where fluctuation effects, quantum and/or thermal, are of paramount importance. Their appeal is based on the fact that one converts a problem formulated in terms of operators into one of sampling classical paths with a given weight. Path integrals are the mirror image of our conventional Riemann integrals, with functions replacing the real numbers one usually sums over. However, unlike conventional integrals, path integration suffers a serious drawback: in general, one cannot make non-linear changes of variables without committing an error of some sort. Thus, no path-integral based calculus is possible. Here we identify which are the deep mathematical reasons causing this important caveat, and we come up with cures for systems described by one degree of freedom. Our main result is a construction of path integration free of this longstanding problem, through a direct time-discretization procedure.
CORRELATED SPECTRAL AND TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR OF LATE-TIME AFTERGLOWS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

The cannonball (CB) model of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) predicts that the asymptotic behavior of the spectral energy density of GRB afterglows is a power law in time and in frequency, and the difference between the temporal and spectral power-law indices, αX − βX, is restricted to the values 0, 1/2, and 1. Here we report the distributions of the values αX and βX, and their difference for a sample of 315 Swift GRBs. This sample includes all Swift GRBs that were detected before 2012 August 1, whose X-ray afterglow extended well beyond 1 day and the estimated error in αX − βX was ⩽0.25. The values of αX were extracted from the CB-model fits to the entire light curves of their X-ray afterglow while the spectral index was extracted by the Swift team from the time-integrated X-ray afterglow of these GRBs. We found that the distribution of the difference αX − βX for these 315 Swift GRBs has three narrow peaks around 0, 1/2, and 1 whose widths are consistent with being due to the measurement errors, in agreement with the CB-model prediction.
LINE-OF-SIGHT STRUCTURE TOWARD STRONG LENSING GALAXY CLUSTERS

We present an analysis of the line-of-sight structure toward a sample of 10 strong lensing cluster cores. Structure is traced by groups that are identified spectroscopically in the redshift range, 0.1 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.9, and we measure the projected angular and comoving separations between each group and the primary strong lensing clusters in each corresponding line of sight. From these data we measure the distribution of projected angular separations between the primary strong lensing clusters and uncorrelated large-scale structure as traced by groups. We then compare the observed distribution of angular separations for our strong lensing selected lines of sight against the distribution of groups that is predicted for clusters lying along random lines of sight. There is clear evidence for an excess of structure along the line of sight at small angular separations (θ ⩽ 6′) along the strong lensing selected lines of sight, indicating that uncorrelated structure is a significant systematic that contributes to producing galaxy clusters with large cross sections for strong lensing. The prevalence of line-of-sight structure is one of several biases in strong lensing clusters that can potentially be folded into cosmological measurements using galaxy cluster samples. These results also have implications for current and future studies—such as the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields—that make use of massive galaxy cluster lenses as precision cosmological telescopes; it is essential that the contribution of line-of-sight structure be carefully accounted for in the strong lens modeling of the cluster lenses.
ON THE ORIENTATION AND MAGNITUDE OF THE BLACK HOLE SPIN IN GALACTIC NUCLEI

Massive black holes (BHs) in galactic nuclei vary their mass MBH and spin vector JBH due to accretion. In this study we relax, for the first time, the assumption that accretion can be either chaotic, i.e., when the accretion episodes are randomly and isotropically oriented, or coherent, i.e., when they occur all in a preferred plane. Instead, we consider different degrees of anisotropy in the fueling, never confining to accretion events on a fixed direction. We follow the BH growth evolving contemporarily with mass, spin modulus a, and spin direction. We discover the occurrence of two regimes. An early phase (MBH ≲ 107 M☉) in which rapid alignment of the BH spin direction to the disk angular momentum in each single episode leads to erratic changes in the BH spin orientation and at the same time to large spins (a ∼ 0.8). A second phase starts when the BH mass increases above ≳ 107 M☉ and the accretion disks carry less mass and angular momentum relative to the hole. In the absence of a preferential direction, the BHs tend to spin-down in this phase. However, when a modest degree of anisotropy in the fueling process (still far from being coherent) is present, the BH spin can increase up to a ∼ 1 for very massive black holes (MBH ≳ 108 M☉), and its direction is stable over the many accretion cycles. We discuss the implications of our results in the realm of the observations of BH spin and jet orientations.
Quantum radiation force on a moving mirror with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions for a vacuum, finite temperature, and a coherent state

We consider a real massless scalar field in a two-dimensional spacetime, satisfying Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition at the instantaneous position of a moving boundary. For a relativistic law of motion, we show that Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions yield the same radiation force on a moving mirror when the initial field state is invariant under time translations. We obtain the exact formulas for the energy density of the field and the radiation force on the boundary for vacuum, thermal, coherent, and squeezed states. In the nonrelativistic limit, our results coincide with those found in the literature.