Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geodynamic evolution of Mt. Riiser-Larsen, Napier Complex, East Antarctica, with reference to the UHT mineral associations and their reaction relations

Abstract Mt. Riiser-Larsen is the largest outcrop in the Archaean–early Proterozoic Napier Complex, East Antarctica. The area is structurally divided into the Main and the Western Blocks by the subvertical Riiser-Larsen Main Shear Zone (RLMSZ) of about 200 m width composed of mylonite and pseudotachylite. Mineral parageneses including sapphirine+quartz and osumilite, diagnostic of ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism, are found in Mg-rich aluminous, siliceous and quartzo-feldspathic gneiss layers in both the Main and the Western Blocks of the Mt. Riiser-Larsen area. Some of the sapphirine–quartz associations are accompanied by retrograde reaction textures, which include growth of cordierite and/or garnet between sapphirine and quartz in the Main Block, and of orthopyroxene+sillimanite in the Western Block. These textures indicate the reaction 1 and 2 in the Main Block and 3 in the Western Block. Phase equilibria and P–T pseudosections for sapphirine+quartz-bearing associations suggest that these three reactions took place during a temperature drop from 1100 °C to 1000 °C at pressures of 0.6–0.8 GPa in the Main Block and 0.8–0.9 GPa in the Western Block. The geological structure and distribution of the UHT rocks provide an insight into the vertical extent of the>1000 °C UHT metamorphic zone: a minimum thickness of 4–5 km of the UHT-metamorphosed layers, which become deeper towards the west in the Main Block. The Western Block represents a c. 0.1–0.3 GPa (c. 3–10 km) deeper structural level than the Main Block. In addition to the extent of the horizontal distribution of UHT metamorphism in the Napier Complex, our results on the vertical component provide new constraints for modelling the heat source and tectonic process of the unusually high-temperature regional metamorphism in the late Archaean–early Proterozoic. Electron microprobe monazite U–Th–Pb dating for hydrated and mylonitized sapphirine–quartz gneiss gave a wide spectrum of monazite age distribution between 2300 and 800 Ma, suggesting the tectonic uplift and juxtaposition of the two blocks in the Mt. Riiser-Larsen area later than the mid–late Proterozoic.
f2f and cyberbullying among children in Northern Ireland: Data from the Kids Life and Times Surveys

Comparatively little is known about the nature, incidence and correlates of bully/victim problems in the Northern ireland school system. The present study examined the prevalence of self-reported experiences of bully/ victim problems (f2f and cyber), and the relationship between such experien - ces and levels of psychological well being among representative samples of pri- mary school pupils who participated in the 2008 and 2009 'Kids Life and Times Survey' (ArK, 2008, 2009). bully/victim problems among these children were pervasive. Personal experience of involvement in bully/victim problems was as- sociated with impaired psychological well- being. Findings are interpreted within the context of previous data from Northern ireland and the wider international literature on bully/victim problems. Keywords: bully, victim, cyberbullying, Northern ireland, health, well- being.
Archosaurian reptiles with Gondwanan affinities in the Upper Cretaceous of Europe

The Late Cretaceous (mainly Campanian and Maastrichtian) non-marine vertebrate faunas of Europe contain archosaurian reptiles which belong to groups otherwise known mainly or only from the southern ('Gondwanan') continents. They include titanosaurid sauropods, abelisaurid theropods, and trematochampsid crocodilians. The occurrence of these forms together with others of ‘Asiamerican’ affinities gives the Late Cretaceous vertebrate faunas of Europe a peculiar composition, which makes them clearly different from the well-known faunas from western North America and Central Asia. The Gondwanan dinosaurs and crocodilians from Europe provide evidence of faunal interchange across the Tethys Sea during the Cretaceous, possibly via the Alboran plate, or the Apulian plate, which may have functioned as ‘stepping-stones', especially during periods of low sea level.
Silcretes and Associated Silica Diagenesis in Southern Africa and Australia

ABSTRACT Five types of silcrete are recognised in Australia and Southern Africa: terrazzo, conglomeratic, Albertinia, opaline and fine-grained massive, and quartzitic. Of these the first is the primary and most abundant form. The second and third types are derivatives of it, but the final two are distinct and much rarer. The terrazzo variety is mostly pale buff or yellowish grey, but may also be green or purplish brown. It consists of a framework of angular to subrounded quartz grains, some showing effects of solution, set in a matrix of amorphous, cherty or opaline silica containing abundant leucoxene. The leucoxene is a marked characteristic, and commonly forms colloform structures. The conglomeratic type consists of brecciated terrazzo type in a silcrete matrix of similar colour or bright r d. In the Albertinia type quartz detritus is almost absent. The rarer forms are mostly pure common opal or chalcedony, either massive or porous. The quartzitic type is the response of a sedimentary orthoquartzite to the silcrete-forming process. Many occurrences can be explained in terms of profile formation, silica being made available from elsewhere within the profile, and attention is drawn to the profile displayed on Spilsby Island, South Australia. Silica-rich solutions rising to meet downward percolating solutions with NaCl, Na2SO4, Fe2O3 or MgO or of lower pH, could cause the silica deposition. Very widespread occurrences may have formed by accumulation through evapo-transpiration. The quartzitic type forms by authigenic overgrowths in detrital quartz grains.
Responses of CH 4 uptake to the experimental N and P additions in an old-growth tropical forest, Southern China

Responses of CH4 uptake to the experimental N and P additions in an old-growth tropical forest, Southern China T. Zhang, W. Zhu, J. Mo, L. Liu, and S. Dong Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China Department of Biological Science, State University of New York – Binghamton, Binghamton NY, 13902, USA Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
Snowpack Changes in the Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalaya from CMIP5 Global Climate Models

AbstractThe Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Himalaya (HKKH) mountain ranges feed the most important Asian river systems, providing water to about 1.5 billion people. As a consequence, changes in snow dynamics in this area could severely impact water availability for downstream populations. Despite their importance, the amount, spatial distribution, and seasonality of snow in the HKKH region are still poorly known, owing to the limited availability of surface observations in this remote and high-elevation area. This work considers global climate models (GCM) participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and analyzes how they represent current and future snowpack in the HKKH region in terms of snow depth and snow water equivalent. It is found that models with high spatial resolution (up to 1.25°) simulate a spatial pattern of the winter snowpack in greater agreement with each other, with observations, with reanalysis datasets, and with the orographic features of the region, compar.
Ethnicity, Age, and Gender Differences in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels among Adults in Northern and Eastern Sudan: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The level of association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and ethnicity, age, and gender is not yet settled. This study aimed to investigate the association between ethnicity, age, and gender and HbA1c level among adults who were known not to have diabetes mellitus in northern and eastern Sudan. Methods: A comparative community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics data were collected. HbA1c levels were measured, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results: A total of 898 adults (363 in northern Sudan and 535 in eastern Sudan) were included; 349 (38.9%) were males. The HbA1c level was significantly higher in eastern Sudan, and there was no significant difference in HbA1c levels between genders. In multiple linear regression, for adults with HbA1c <6.5%, ethnicity and BMI were associated with HbA1c, but age and gender were not associated with HbA1c. In northern Sudan, age was positively associated with HbA1c, and there was no association between gender, BMI, and HbA1c in adults with HbA1c <6.5%. In eastern Sudan, BMI was positively associated with HbA1c, and there was no significant association between age and gender and HbA1c level in adults with HbA1c <6.5%. Conclusion: HbA1c levels are influenced by ethnicity and age but not by gender.
Delivery Methods in Twin Gestations: Evaluating Outcomes, Risk Factors, and the Paradigm Shift Towards Elective Cesarean Deliveries

During the past decade, there has been a consistent rise in the number of twin births and the number of overall cesarean sections (CS) worldwide. This is owed to a variety of social, economic, educational, and scientific factors. More women are opting to advance their professional careers and gain financial stability before having children. Although this approach is understandable, a new set of challenges are faced as a result, the most important of which has been infertility due to advanced maternal age and the subsequent use of assisted fertility treatments, which have been noted to cause multiple gestations. Twin gestations are considered high-risk pregnancies and are associated with an amplitude of potential complications. Arguably, the biggest decision an obstetrician must make when dealing with this population is choosing the most appropriate mode of delivery. Given the lack of clear guidance pertaining to twin deliveries, CSs may often be perceived as safer and are often preferred over vaginal deliveries (VD). In this narrative review, we aimed to compare the outcomes of different delivery methods (CS versus VD) to investigate whether CS is truly superior to VD. Data were collected from the past two decades and analyzed based on the neonatal and maternal outcomes for each delivery mode. Our results indicate that planned VD is just as safe as CS, if not superior, in most uncomplicated twin pregnancies. Thus, it is best to advise and encourage healthy expecting twin carriers to undergo VD and explore any hesitations or fears they might have. Furthermore, a detailed guideline regarding twin delivery is essential to establish and better navigate twin deliveries, lower the rate of unnecessary CSs, and reduce overall twin gestation morbidity and mortality.
Diurnal period wind stress and current fluctuations over the continental shelf off northern California

Diurnal period wind stress and current fluctuations measured over the continental shelf off northern California during the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment in the summers of 1981 and 1982 are examined. The diurnal currents are strongly surface intensified, with amplitudes of up to 20 cm s−1. At depths of less than 35 m, the diurnal currents are nonstationary, and their amplitude is well correlated with the amplitude modulation of the local diurnal wind stress. Beneath the surface layer, the diurnal current vectors rotate clockwise with ellipse semi-major axes of 1 to 3 cm s−1. A mixed layer model driven with diurnal wind stress and surface heat flux produces currents similar to those observed in the upper water column. The deeper currents are consistent with the combination of a freely propagating Kelvin and first-mode coastal-trapped wave and, over the inner shelf, with the interior flow forced by the diurnal wind stress in the presence of a coast.
Currents, Water Masses, Eddies and Jets in the Mediterranean Levantine Basin

Abstract Hydrographic measurements in the southeastern Levantine basin are analyzed, and the climatological water masses of the region and their seasonal variations are identified. We observe the formation of the salty and warm Levantine Surface Water Layer (LSW); we characterize the subsurface Atlantic Water Layer (AW); and we describe the properties of the thermocline waters, called Levantine Intermediate Waters (LIW). The baroclinic dynamical modes are computed for the climatological stratification parameters. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the vertical shear profiles shows that considerable energy is contained in the second EOF at the thermocline and deep levels. Maps of the baroclinic streamfunction field referred to 700 meters are displayed: 16 instantaneous flow field realizations show an intense mesoscale eddy file never revealed before in the region. The space scales of the eddies are about 100 km and a smaller scale (60–70 km) variability is also evident. The eddies are pres.
Climate Variation and Disturbance Regime Affect Stand Composition and Structure of the Boreal Forests in Southwest Yukon of Canada

The cold and dry boreal forests of the Southwest Yukon are dominated by white spruce (Picea glauca), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), and the variability in structure and composition of stands depends on the favourability of disturbance, climate and site conditions for stimulating regeneration. In this study, we investigated relationships between stand structure and ecological, climatic and disturbance factors in the southwest Yukon. We found that white spruce dominates mature forests across the landscape, but it is regenerating proportionately less than trembling aspen. Nevertheless, regeneration of all the three species was abundant following any type or severity of disturbance. Height and diameter of both species varied with several environmental variables, particularly site physiography. Mixed stands of aspen and white spruce were more productive than pure stands of aspen or spruce. However, overall productivity in mixed stand decreased when density of aspen was more than 1000 stems/ ha. These results suggested that mixed stands of deciduous and coniferous species where appropriate should be promoted maintaining aspen density below 1000 stems/ha as the productivity declined beyond this threshold. Similarly, we suggest carrying out selection harvesting of co-dominant trees and regular thinning of intermediate trees to promote the height and diameter growth of the remaining trees.
Observations of NO3 concentration profiles in the troposphere

[1] A zenith sky spectrometer has been deployed at a number of remote locations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The technique of differential optical absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the column density of the nitrate radical (NO3) as a function of solar zenith angle (SZA) during sunrise. The tropospheric column densities show a large degree of day-to-day variability and indicate that a significant fraction of tropospheric NO3 exists in the free troposphere (FT). The change in the NO3 column density with SZA was then used to retrieve the vertical concentration profile of NO3, by applying an optimal estimation method [see Coe et al., 2002]. This analysis indicates that there is often substantially more NO3 in the upper boundary layer and lower FT than at the surface. Back-trajectory calculations and a simple box model are used to account for the observations.
European Journal of Educational Research

: The aim of this exploratory case study is to investigate the impact of the pandemic as an unexpected situational variable on university instructors’ perceptions and attitudes towards technology integration, as well as their foresight about the fut ure of education in post Covid-19 era. The data for the study came from autobiographies, narratives, and opinionnaires. The findings revealed that the degree of familiarity with educational technology and eagerness to integrate technology into education made a difference in academicians’ adaptation to the new mode of delivery. As for their predictions for the futu re, an increase in the use of educational technology not only in teaching, but also in testing and assessment is expected. Participants also emphasized a need to enhance the infrastructure to avoid any further technical issues and offer continuous development opportunities for teachers and students to become familiar with new technologies
Factors Driving Jute to Maize Shift in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal

Jute is an important crop that contributes a pivotal role in the economy and supports the livelihoods of the farmers of the Northern part of West Bengal. However, farmers in the region are gradually shifting away from traditional jute cultivation to adopting maize as their preference and the study investigated the factors influencing transformation. Responses were collected from 60 farmers of Chopra Block using a structured interview schedule during the peak season of maize cultivation in 2019. Principal Component Analysis was used to extract significant factors explaining the motives behind farmers’ preference for maize over jute crops. The study envisages that the factors including lack of capital, remunerative market price, high labor costs, poor soil quality and inadequate irrigation water, unavailability of improved seed varieties, high input costs, and inadequate market facilities are the key factors for discouragement of cultivation of jute. The government should develop some supportive infrastructure like providing high-quality maize seeds, conducting awareness programs to educate the farmers about the benefits and byproducts of maize, and offering knowledge about export and import markets. Capacity building and extension approaches can aid the transition and foster positive contributions to the agricultural sector of the locality.
Synthesis of L-Ornithine- and L-Glutamine-Linked PLGAs as Biodegradable Polymers

L-ornithine and L-glutamine are amino acids used for ammonia and nitrogen transport in the human body. Novel biodegradable synthetic poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) derivatives were synthesized via conjugation with L-ornithine or L-glutamine, which were selected due to their biological importance. L-ornithine or L-glutamine was integrated into a PLGA polymer with EDC coupling reactions as a structure developer after the synthesis of PLGA via the polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization of lactide and glycolide. The chemical, thermal, and degradation property–structure relationships of PLGA, PLGA-L-ornithine, and PLGA-L-glutamine were identified. The conjugation between PLGA and the amino acid was confirmed through observation of an increase in the number of carbonyl carbons in the range of 170–160 ppm in the 13C NMR spectrum and the signal of the amide carbonyl vibration at about 1698 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum. The developed PLGA-L-ornithine and PLGA-L-glutamine derivatives were thermally stable and energetic materials. In addition, PLGA-L-ornithine and PLGA-L-glutamine, with their unique hydrophilic properties, had faster degradation times than PLGA in terms of surface-type erosion, which covers their requirements. L-ornithine- and L-glutamine-linked PLGAs are potential candidates for development into biodegradable PLGA-derived biopolymers that can be used as raw materials for biomaterials.
Prevalence of multidrug-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae without defined hypervirulent biomarkers in Anhui, China: a new dimension of hypervirulence

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that mainly causes nosocomial infections and hospital-associated pneumonia in elderly and immunocompromised people. However, multidrug-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (MDR-hvKp) has emerged recently as a serious threat to global health that can infect both immunocompromised and healthy individuals. It is scientifically established that plasmid-mediated regulator of mucoid phenotype genes (rmpA and rmpA2) and other virulence factors (aerobactin and salmochelin) are mainly responsible for this phenotype. In this study, we collected 23 MDR-hvKp isolates and performed molecular typing, whole genome sequencing, comparative genomic analysis, and phenotypic experiments, including the Galleria mellonella infection model, to reveal its genetic and phenotypic features. Meanwhile, we discovered two MDR-hvKp isolates (22122315 and 22091569) that showed a wide range of hypervirulence and hypermucoviscosity without rmpA and rmpA2 and any virulence factors. In phenotypic experiments, isolate 22122315 showed the highest hypervirulence (infection model) with significant mucoviscosity, and conversely, isolate 22091569 exhibited the highest mucoviscosity (string test) with higher virulence compared to control. These two isolates carried carbapenemase (blaKPC − 2), β-lactamase (blaOXA − 1, blaTEM − 1B), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes (blaCTX − M − 15, blaSHV − 106), outer membrane protein-coding genes (ompA), fimbriae encoding genes (ecpABCDER), and enterobactin coding genes (entAB, fepC). In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis indicated that both isolates, 22122315 and 22091569, were found to have novel mutations in loci FEBNDAKP_03184 (c. 2084A > C, p. Asn695Thr), and EOFMAFIB_02276 (c. 1930C > A, p. Pro644Thr), respectively. Finally, NCBI blast analysis suggested these mutations are located in the wzc of the capsule polysaccharide (cps) region and are responsible for putative tyrosine kinase. This study would be a strong reference for enhancing the current understanding of identifying the MDR-hvKp isolates that lacked both mucoid regulators and virulence factors.
Hiding Multiple Images into a Single Image Using Up-Sampling

The goal of multiple-image hiding is to hide several secret images within another carrier image without significantly changing its appearance, and then perfectly reconstruct all of the secret images. The challenge is to ensure that the stego-image has great visual quality and can resist various steganalysis under the premise of hiding as much information as possible in one image. To address this issue, the majority of known image-hiding methods focus on hiding images using compression techniques. In this article, we present a novel multiple-image hiding method based on up-sampling and reversible color transformation. First, the interpolation algorithm up-samples the carrier image, so that the attribute of similar neighboring pixel values in the up-sampled image can significantly improve the effect of image hiding. The embedding procedure is then performed using the proposed Euclidean Distance (ED)-based block matching and reversible color transformation, which decreases the chance of local blurring in the stego-image. Experimental results show that the proposed method surpasses existing advanced methods by achieving an average of 33 dB and 28 dB of PSNR for the stego-image with a hiding capacity 2 BPP and 8 BPP, and obtaining 100% reconstructing accuracy for all secret images. It also has a high level of resistance to steganalysis and a strong robustness against various image-processing attacks.