Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single Cell RNA Profiling Reveals Adipocyte to Macrophage Signaling Sufficient to Enhance Thermogenesis

The “browning” of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) through increased abundance of thermogenic beige/brite adipocytes is induced by cold exposure and many other perturbations in association with beneficial systemic metabolic effects. Adipose browning is reported to require activation of sympathetic nerve fibers (SNF), aided by alternately activated macrophages within iWAT. Here we demonstrate the first example of a non-cell autonomous pathway for iWAT browning that is fully independent of SNF activity. Thus, the strong induction of thermogenic adipocytes prompted by deletion of adipocyte fatty acid synthase (iAdFASNKO mice) was unaffected by denervation or the deletion of SNF modulator Neuregulin-4. However, browning of iWAT in iAdFASNKO mice does require adipocyte cAMP/protein kinase A signaling, as it was blocked in adipocyte- selective Fasn/Gsα double KO mice. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of iAdFASNKO mouse adipose stromal cells revealed increased macrophages displaying gene expression signatures of the alternately activated type. Mechanistically, depletion of such phagocytic immune cells in iAdFASNKO mice fully abrogated appearance of thermogenic adipocytes in iWAT. Altogether, these findings reveal an unexpected pathway of cAMP/PKA-dependent iWAT browning that is initiated by adipocyte signals and caused by macrophage-like cells independent of sympathetic neuron involvement.
Reconstruction of natural images from responses of primate retinal ganglion cells

The visual message conveyed by a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is often summarized by its spatial receptive field, but in principle also depends on the responses of other RGCs and natural image statistics. This possibility was explored by linear reconstruction of natural images from responses of the four numerically-dominant macaque RGC types. Reconstructions were highly consistent across retinas. The optimal reconstruction filter for each RGC – its visual message – reflected natural image statistics, and resembled the receptive field only when nearby, same-type cells were included. ON and OFF cells conveyed largely independent, complementary representations, and parasol and midget cells conveyed distinct and expected features. Correlated activity and nonlinearities had statistically significant but minor effects on reconstruction. Simulated reconstructions, using linear-nonlinear cascade models of RGC light responses that incorporated measured spatial properties and nonlinearities, produced similar results. Spatiotemporal reconstructions exhibited similar spatial properties, suggesting that the results are relevant for natural vision.
Temperature influence on biology, thermal requirement and life table of the predatory mites Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez and Phytoseius plumifer (Can. & Fanz.) reared on Tetranychus urticae Koch

The effect of temperature on the biology, thermal requirement and life table of Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez and Phytoseius plumifer (Can. & Fanz.) feeding on immatures of Tetranychus urticae Koch, was determined at four temperature degrees, i.e. 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The total developmental durations of either predatory mite correlated negatively with increasing temperature. Minimum developmental thresholds (T o) of egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph stages and life cycle of A. exsertus females averaged 0.95, 9.25, 7.80, 1.03 and 5.29 respectively, while those of P. plumifer females were 6.83, 9.35, 15.39, 15.40 and 13.22. On the other hand, A. exsertus and P. plumifer female required 416.66 and 126.58 DD, respectively, to reach adulthood. A. exsertus and P. plumifer net reproductive rate (R 0) averaged 16.13 and 8.23 then increased to 29.67 and 13.67 then sharply declined reaching 12.10 and 7.93 when the predator was kept at 20, 25 and 35°C, respectively. r m values of A. exsertus reached 0.06, 0.11, 0.12 and 0.13 reared at 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, respectively, while those of P. plumifer averaged 0.04, 0.11, 0.12 and 0.16. The doubling time (DT) of A. exsertus was 10.98, 6.10, 5.82 and 5.25, while that of P. plumifer averaged 15.93, 6.18, 5.70 and 4.35 at 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, respectively. Also, gross reproductive rate (GRR) of A. exsertus was 22.05, 51.70, 29.01 and 22.18, while that of P. plumifer averaged 12.67, 18.20, 18.40 and 11.82 at the same temperatures. The finite rate of increase in e rm values of either predator increased positively with increasing temperature degree.
A Comparison of Lower Eyelid Retraction in Normal Individuals with Positive versus Negative Orbital Vector

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to compare lower eyelid retraction (LER) in individuals with a positive orbital vector with that of individuals with a negative orbital vector. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 normal individuals including 64 men and 59 women aged 20–80 years. After the individuals underwent Hertel exophthalmometry, two side-view and front-view photos were taken using a camera. The orbital vector angle and the extent of scleral show were then measured in millimeter, using the Photoshop software. Eventually, the recorded data were analyzed through statistical software. RESULTS: The findings of this study showed that LER has a significant correlation with orbital vector angle and the extent of proptosis (P < 0.05). The mean value of orbital vector angle in individuals without LER was 9.76°, while this figure was calculated to be − 13.65° in individuals with LER. The mean protrusion value based on Hertel exophthalmometry was 14.08 mm in individuals without LER and 16.27 mm in individuals with LER. The extent of scleral show had a significant correlation with proptosis and orbital vector angle (P = 0.01), with a mean value of − 0.41 mm in individuals without LER and 0.94 mm in participants with LER. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LER and scleral show is positively correlated with the extent of proptosis and negatively correlated with orbital vector angle.
Intraoperative Evaluation of Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery with and without the Use of Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of cataract surgery by the phacoemulsification technique with and without the use of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs). SETTING: This study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center in a rural area of Central India. DESIGN: This was a prospective, randomized, observational study. METHODS: In this study, 220 patients underwent phacoemulsification for cataract surgery with OVDs (OVD group) or without OVDs (BSS group) (n = 110 in each group). Patients with operable, nuclear Grade 2–4 cataracts were included in the study. The study was conducted from June 2017 to September 2018. The frequency of intraoperative complications, surgical time, and ease of the surgical procedure (easy, difficult, or very difficult) were recorded. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the nuclear opalescence, axial length, and intraocular lens (IOL) power between the two groups. Capsulorhexis extension was seen in two eyes in the OVD group and none of the eyes in the BSS group. The problems that occurred during IOL implantation included flip (OVD group, 2; BSS group, 1), haptic breakage (OVD group, 1; BSS group, 1), sulcus implantation (OVD group, 0; BSS group, 2), and stuck haptic (OVD group, 1; BSS group, 3). The total surgical time was almost equal in the two groups (OVD group, 9.2 min ± 3; BSS group, 9.5 min ± 3.5; P = 0.521). None of the patients had iris trauma or posterior capsular rupture. CONCLUSIONS: OVD-less phacoemulsification surgery is a safe and effective technique for treating age-related cataracts that requires no additional instrumentation and saves the cost of the OVD.
Evaluating the Color Stability of Ocular Prosthesis after Immersion in Three Different Immersion Media: An In Vitro Study

Background: Immersion media such as ophthalmic irrigation solution, eye lubricant solution, and neutral soap solution will be the best, which will help in the longevity as well as the color stability of ocular prostheses. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare color stability of ocular prosthesis after immersion in three different immersion media. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 samples of scleral acrylic resin were prepared, which were painted with natural dry earth pigment NEAS and then were divided into three groups. These samples were checked before and after immersion in respective media after 8 weeks. To assess the color change, a spectrophotometry test was performed and the results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test. Results: Among all the three groups, the samples immersed in neutral soap solution proved to be most color stable, followed by eye lubricant solution, and the least color stable among the three was ophthalmic irrigating solution. Conclusion: The neutral soap solution proved to be the most color stable.
Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis for Phospholipids in Human HDL and LDL Using Two Internal Standards by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Abstract A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method using two internal standards was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in human high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). We evaluated this method by examining precision, accuracy, and recovery of phospholipid concentrations in several matrixes. We obtained the time course of phospholipid content in human HDL and LDL treated with sPLA2‐X and quantitatively observed the decrease of PC, PI, PE, and the increase of LPC. This method should be useful for examination of simultaneous change of endogenous phospholipids in various enzymatic assays.
Body Temperatures of Reptiles

A summary of body temperatures of reptiles has been made on the basis of some 9000 body, air, soil, and water temperatures taken or recorded in the literature for 161 species of reptiles. The range and mean body temperature for the various groups of reptiles are: tur- tles: 8.0 to 37.8, mean: 28.4; Sphenodon: 6.2 to 18.0, mean: 12.5; American alligator: 26-37, mean: between 32 and 35; snakes: 9.0 to 38.0, mean: 25.6; lizards: 11.0 to 46.4, mean 29.1. There are often specific, generic, and family differences in thermal tolerances and prefer- ences, though some reptiles show wide ranges of thermal tolerance with no "preferred" body temperature, while others have narrow activity ranges and preferences. With an increase in thermal preference, there is usually an associated increase in the critical thermal maximum. Forms with low thermal preference usually have low critical minima and are usually found in colder areas and in colder seasons than those with high thermal preferences. In terms of their thermoregulatory behavior, reptiles can be grouped into: burrowing forms; aquatic forms not selecting temperatures; aquatic forms selecting temperatures; aquatic forms which bask at surface or on shore; nocturnal thigmothermic forms; nocturnal thigmothermic forms that occasionally bask; diurnal, primarily thigmothermic forms that occa- sionally bask and become crepuscular or nocturnal as hot seasons de- velop; diurnal non-baskers; diurnal limited baskers; and true helio- thermic baskers. Thermoregulation in reptiles is both behavioral (emergence, retreat, selection of temperatures, basking, orientation, postural changes, etc.) and physiological (evaporative cooling, vasomotor responses affecting rates of heating, and cooling, and limited heat production in brooding female Indian pythons).
The influence of the growing season and the following dry season on the hardseeedness of subterranean clover in different environments

The length of the growing period in the spring months appears to be a critical factor in the development of hardseededness in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Environments with relatively long spring growing periods cause a higher proportion of hard seeds to form at field maturity, and increase the resistance which these hard seeds are capable of offering to the softening effects of the following summer environment. During the dry summer period the rate of softening of hard seeds is determined, not only by the previous growing season but also by the summer environment itself. Hot summer environments with wide soil surface temperature fluctuations are conducive to a relatively rapid rate of softening. Grazing or removal of the dry topgrowth from a pasture during the summer increases the daily soil surface temperature fluctuations, and results in the hard seeds softening at an increased rate. Differences in the overall environment manifest themselves in terms of site and seasonal variation in the proportion of hard seeds which survive beyond the opening of the following growing season. The scope for variation is wide, and this has agronomic significance from the aspect of long-term persistence of the species.
Updated Systematic Review and Clinical Spectrum of Peripheral Exudative Hemorrhagic Chorioretinopathy

Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) is a rare retinal vasculopathy that might cause subretinal and/or vitreous hemorrhages. Although the primary etiology is still unknown, choroidal neovascularization is mainly involved in the pathogenesis. The main risk factors are age and systemic hypertension. Ancillary testing such as fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and ultrasonography can be of great value for diagnosing this entity and distinguishing PEHCR from other lesions as choroidal melanoma and retinal vasoproliferative tumor. Various treatments have been reported including photocoagulation, cryotherapy, intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) and surgical intervention as pars plana vitrectomy. This review handles an up-to-date perspective regarding PEHCR.
Surgical Outcomes in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction

Background: Prepectoral breast reconstruction has reemerged as a popular option for prosthetic-based breast reconstruction. Recent published literature highlights good outcomes; however, techniques are evolving and options exist for different technologies. The aim of this study is to evaluate short-term complication rates of prepectoral reconstructions using Cortiva acellular dermal matrix. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted of all patients who underwent mastectomy with immediate direct-to-implant or 2-stage prepectoral breast reconstruction with Cortiva (RTI Surgical, Alachua, Fla.) between January 2016 and September 2018. The incidence of surgical complications was determined and studied against patient demographics and procedural details. Results: One-hundred eighteen patients met the inclusion criteria for a total of 183 individual breasts reconstructed with prepectoral implant. Average length of follow-up was 9.26 months (range, 1.0 month to 2.5 years). Thirty-two breasts (17.49%) experienced 1 or more complications. Prepectoral reconstruction was successful 89.07% of the time. Infection was the most common cause of both reoperation and implant failure, with 7.65% of all breasts requiring washout and 5.46% failing prosthetic reconstruction secondary to infection. Conclusions: Surgical outcomes for prepectoral breast reconstruction using 2-stage and direct-to-implant are similar and comparable to the literature for dual-plane reconstruction, with infection being the main cause of failure.
Decoding the Perplexing Mystery of Para-Chloroaniline Formation: A Systematic Review

Objective: The objective of this article was to understand and decode the mystery of the formation of para-chloroaniline (PCA). The ingredient of the brown precipitate after mixing sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is still in debate. Materials and Methods: Various studies adopt a different methodology to substantiate that it may contain PCA, which is a carcinogenic agent. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the relationship between PCA and brown precipitate. Two reviewers independently conducted a comprehensive literature search. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies were manually searched. There was no disagreement between the two reviewers. This review was reported and conducted in step with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Of 233 articles, only 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Available scientific evidence was more supportive that the brown precipitate form after mixing NaOCl and CHX may form para-chloroamide moiety rather than free PCA, and PCA may be the by-product of CHX degradation. Conclusion: On the basis of the current evidence and data extracted from the various databases, it can be concluded that the mixture of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine does not form PCA, and PCA may be the by-product of high concentrated chlorhexidine. Further studies are required to substantiate the evidence.
Microbial biomass and relative contributions of bacteria and fungi in soil beneath tropical rain forest, Hainan Island, China

ABSTRACT Soil microbial biomass (Cmic.) and is relation with soil carbon and nutrient contents in a tropical rain forest (Bawangling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, P.R. China) were studied. Cmic. was determined by the substrate induced respiration (Sir) method; bacterial and fungal fractions were measured using a selective inhibition technique. For the A horizon, Cmic ranged between 350 and 700μgg-1 soil in April (beginning of the rainy season) and 250–600μg g-1 in October (end of the rainy season). Cmic. contents of the AB and B horizons were lower, ranging from 80 to 350 μg Cmic g-1 soil. On average, 75% of the biomass was bacterial, in the AB and B horizon this was slightly higher than in the A horizon. Cmic was closely correlated with Corg and N content. N and P contents as well as the respiratory response upon glucose addition indicated that towards the end of the rainy season compared with the start the soils were depleted in nutrients. These observations stress the importance of microbial biomass as a factor for nutrient retention in tropical forest ecosystems.
Are woodland key habitats in Finland hotspots for polypores (Basidiomycota)?

Abstract In Fennoscandia, the concept of woodland key habitats has become one of the key concepts when defining hotspots for forest biodiversity. There is a serious lack of studies, however, in which the diversity value of the assumed key habitats has been assessed for any groups of organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the woodland key habitats as defined in the Finnish Forest Act can be advocated as diversity hotspots for polypores, a group of wood-decaying fungi including several red-listed species and species used as indicators for conservation value of forests. The study area was situated in the southern boreal zone, in eastern Finland. In total, 72 woodland key habitat sites representing six different habitat types, and 12 production forest sites as controls were investigated for their polypore assemblages. A total of 2077 records of 93 species was made, of which only 17 records of nine species were red-listed. On average, key habitats hosted more species than control forests, but of the six habitat types, only fresh and mesic–moist herb-rich forests differed significantly in species number from the control forests. Compared with control forests, key habitats can maintain rich polypore flora but, because of the low number of red-listed species found, they are likely to be of little help in the conservation of threatened polypores.
The Identification of some Tertiary Pollen belonging to the Family Euphorbiaceae

Five fossil pollen forms from Tertiary assemblages in southern New South Wales are shown to have botanical affinities with taxa in the family Euphorbiaceae. Careful comparison of all morphological features of fossil and extant reference pollen, and consideration of as many closely related taxa as possible has enabled these identifications to be made with confidence. The fossil pollen forms Tricolporopollenites endobalteus and Triorites introlirnbatus match the extant Macaranga-Mallotus, and possibly other related taxa. The fossil Polyorificites oblatus is identified with the extant Longetia pollen type, i.e. Austrobuxus (Longetia) buxoides and Dissiliaria tricornis. Most of the specimens of the fossil Malvacipollis divevsus fit the extant Tetracoccus pollen type, ie. Austrobuxus (Longetia) swainii and Dissiliaria baloghioides, and only a very few have malvaceous affinities. An analysis of the exine stratification and the base of the spine is a reliable way of distinguishing spiny pollen of the Euphorbiaceae from that of the Malvaceae. The presence of Micrantheurn-Neoroepera and Alchornea (Caelobogyne) is also established in the fossil record. Only one of the fossil taxa, Micrantheum-Neoroepeva, has living representatives in the temperate zone of Australia today, and the fossil occurs in Upper Tertiary assemblages which usually lack Nothofagus. The other four are Lower Tertiary taxa, found always in assemblages with abundant Nothofagus, and their living representatives are almost entirely restricted to the tropical phytogeographic zone of Australia. This distribution contrasts strongly with the fossil localities in southern New South Wales. Only the Alchornea fossil is a Tertiary tropical element.
Usefulness of Comprehensive Income Statement – Preliminary Study on the Example of Companies from the Wig30 Index

Abstract The financial result of a company is undoubtedly the most frequently analyzed category in making economic decisions. The changing needs of financial statements users resulted in the replacement of the classic financial result with the broader concept of comprehensive income, which was regulated in the International Accounting Standard 1 Presentation of financial statements. As a result a statement of the entity’s comprehensive income is created. An important element analyzed by the scientific community is the presentation of the mentioned comprehensive income and its usefulness. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of introducing the obligation to prepare a statement of comprehensive income on the usefulness of the financial statement. The usefulness has been assessed from the perspective of the form of statement of comprehensive income and the relevance of other comprehensive income’s items as compared with net income.
A Comparability of Information in the Financial Statements of Gaming Companies

Abstract The purpose of this article is to assess a comparability in the financial statements of entities from the Polish gaming industry. The article uses an unconventional approach to the analysis of comparability of financial statements, with particular emphasis on the business model of the entity. The overall conclusion is that Polish companies used similar accounting policies during the period under review regarding the methods of valuation of assets and liabilities. The scope of disclosures regarding impairment of assets does not allow for a full assessment of the premises underlying them. It is difficult to find out the criteria for qualifying costs for research and development, which are an important asset item. Deficiencies in disclosures are a common feature of the analyzed reports, which can be interpreted as a symptom of their comparability. The analyzed reports, despite the differences diagnosed, make possible to compare the financial situation and achievements of gaming companies.