Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tidal Disruption Events: The Role of Stellar Spin

The tidal force from a supermassive black hole can rip apart a star that passes close enough in what is known as a Tidal Disruption Event (TDE). Typically, half of the destroyed star remains bound to the black hole and falls back on highly eccentric orbits, forming an accretion flow that powers a luminous flare. In this paper, we use analytical and numerical calculations to explore the effect of stellar rotation on the fallback rate of material. We find that slowly spinning stars (Ω* ≲ 0.01Ωbreakup) provide only a small perturbation to fallback rates found in the non-spinning case. However, when the star spins faster, there can be significant effects. If the star is spinning retrograde with respect to its orbit, the tidal force from the black hole has to spin down the star first before disrupting it, causing delayed and sometimes only partial disruption events. However, if the star is spinning prograde, this works with the tidal force and the material falls back sooner and with a higher peak rate. We examine the power-law index of the fallback curves, finding that in all cases the fallback rate overshoots the canonical t−5/3 rate briefly after the peak, with the depth of the overshoot dependent on the stellar spin. We also find that, in general, the late time evolution is slightly flatter than the canonical t−5/3 rate. We therefore conclude that considering the spin of the star may be important in modeling observed TDE light curves.
Anxiolytic-like Effect of Quercetin Possibly through GABA Receptor Interaction Pathway: In Vivo and In Silico Studies

Scientific evidence suggests that quercetin (QUR) has anxiolytic-like effects in experimental animals. However, the mechanism of action responsible for its anxiolytic-like effects is yet to be discovered. The goal of this research is to assess QUR’s anxiolytic effects in mouse models to explicate the possible mechanism of action. After acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with QUR at a dose of 50 mg/kg (i.p.), behavioral models of open-field, hole board, swing box, and light–dark tests were performed. QUR was combined with a GABAergic agonist (diazepam) and/or antagonist (flumazenil) group. Furthermore, in silico analysis was also conducted to observe the interaction of QUR and GABA (α5), GABA (β1), and GABA (β2) receptors. In the experimental animal model, QUR had an anxiolytic-like effect. QUR, when combined with diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), drastically potentiated an anxiolytic effect of diazepam. QUR is a more highly competitive ligand for the benzodiazepine recognition site that can displace flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). In all the test models, QUR acted similar to diazepam, with enhanced effects of the standard anxiolytic drug, which were reversed by pre-treatment with flumazenil. QUR showed the best interaction with the GABA (α5) receptor compared to the GABA (β1) and GABA (β2) receptors. In conclusion, QUR may exert an anxiolytic-like effect on mice, probably through the GABA-receptor-interacting pathway.
Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Using Physical Restraints in Intensive Care Units

Background: With the fact that physical restraints is widely used in intensive care units, further studies are needed to set a baseline for evidence-based practice and to develop regulations. Aim: To examine Jordanian ICU nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physical restraints. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was applied using online survey. A convenience sample of 145 nurses filled out the questionnaire who were registered nurses with at least one year of experience in ICU. In addition to demographic data sheet, they completed a 3-domain questionnaire; levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding using physical restraints. Results: Participants’ scored relatively low on knowledge (M= 3.3/11, SD= 1.8), moderate on attitudes (M= 29.4/48, SD= 3.8), and moderate on practices regarding physical restraint (M=23.2/42, SD= 7). Results revealed that participants’ practice of physical restraint had a positive correlation with both their knowledge and attitudes. Many significant differences were noticed based on participants’ characteristics. Conclusion: Local guidelines should be legislated to regulate nurses’ and other care providers’ PR practices to maintain patient safety and avoid legal consequences. Also, educational programs are needed to promote nurses’ knowledge and attitudes and compliance toward the acceptable guidelines regarding PR.
Approach to Knee Arthropathy through 180-Degree Immersive VR Movement Visualization in Adult Patients with Severe Hemophilia: A Pilot Study

(1) Background: Hemarthrosis is a typical clinical manifestation in patients with hemophilia. Its recurrence causes hemophilic arthropathy, characterized by chronic joint pain. Watching movement recorded from a first-person perspective and immersively can be effective in the management of chronic pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an immersive virtual reality intervention in improving the pain intensity, joint condition, muscle strength and range of motion in patients with hemophilic knee arthropathy. (2) Methods: Thirteen patients with hemophilic knee arthropathy were recruited. The patients wore virtual reality glasses and watched a flexion–extension movement of the knee on an immersive 180° video, recorded from a first-person perspective over a 28-day period. The primary variable was the pain intensity (visual analog scale). The secondary variables were the joint status (Hemophilia Joint Health Score), quadriceps and hamstring strength (dynamometry), and range of motion (goniometry). (3) Results: After the intervention period, statistically significant differences were observed in the intensity of the joint pain (Standard error [SE] = 19.31; 95% interval confidence [95%CI] = −1.05; −0.26), joint condition (SE = 18.68; 95%CI = −1.16; −0.52) and quadriceps strength (SE = 35.00; 95%CI = 2.53; 17.47). We found that 38.46% and 23.07% of the patients exhibited an improvement in their quadriceps muscle strength and joint condition above the minimum detectable change for both variables (8.21% and 1.79%, respectively). (4) Conclusions: One hundred and eighty degree immersive VR motion visualization can improve the intensity of joint pain in patients with hemophilic knee arthropathy. An intervention using immersive virtual reality can be an effective complementary approach to improve the joint condition and quadriceps strength in these patients.
Orbital and In Situ Investigation of the Bagnold Dunes and Sands of Forvie, Gale Crater, Mars

The Bagnold linear dune field investigated by Curiosity at Mount Desert Island (MDI) is north of the ∼5.5 km high Aeolis Mons mound in Gale crater. False‐color images (RGB: 2.496, 1.802, and 1.237 μm, respectively) generated from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) data show the dune field has a reddish‐brown color. The Sands of Forvie (SoF), located ∼2.5 km to the southeast of MDI, is darker and lacks the reddish‐brown color. Single scattering albedo (SSA) spectra retrieved at 12 m/pixel using along‐track oversampled CRISM observation FRT00021C92 show a long wavelength (1.7–2.5 μm) increase in albedo for MDI dunes. For the same wavelength interval, SoF is characterized by a broad ∼2.2 μm absorption feature, consistent with color differences between the two deposits. Checkerboard un‐mixing of the SSA image cube was used to isolate spectral endmembers within the MDI and SoF deposits. Radiative modeling of these CRISM spectral endmembers using Hapke (2012, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139025683) theory implies finer grain sizes, more pigeonite, plagioclase, and olivine, and less basaltic glass and augite for MDI as compared to the SoF deposit. These results are consistent with Curiosity‐based observations that MDI contains smaller ripples with overall finer grains, whereas SoF has large ripples with coarser grains on the crests. Although these sand deposits are only located ∼2.5 km away from one another, wind and local topographic controls are interpreted to have modulated grain sizes and mineralogy.
Magnetoconductivity in the presence of Bychkov-Rashba spin-orbit interaction

A closed-form analytic formula for the magnetoconductivity in the diffusive regime is derived in the presence of Bychkov-Rashba spin-orbit interaction in two dimensions. It is shown that at low fields B⪡BSO, where BSO is the characteristic field associated with spin precession, D’yakonov-Perel’ mechanism leads to spin relaxation, while for B⪢BSO spin relaxation is suppressed and the resulting spin precession contributes a Berry phaselike spin phase to the magnetoconductivity. The relative simplicity of the formula greatly facilitates data fitting, allowing for the strength of the spin-orbit coupling to be easily extracted.
Improved measurement of $B^0 \to \pi^0 \pi^0$

We report an improved measurement of the decay $B^0 \to \pi^0 \pi^0$, using a data sample of 535 $\times 10^6 B\bar{B}$ pairs collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. The measured branching fraction is ${\cal B}(B^0 \to \pi^0 \pi^0) = 1.1\pm 0.3(stat.) \pm 0.1(syst.)$, with a significance of 5.4 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties. We also report the partial rate asymmetry: $\acp(B^0 \to \pi^0 \pi^0)$ = 0.44 $^{+0.73}_{-0.62}$(stat.)$^{+0.04}_{-0.06}$(syst.).
MITSuME observation of V404 Cygni in the 2015 outburst: Two optical variable components with different variability

The black hole binary V404 Cygni (= GS 2023+338) had an outburst on June 15, 2015 after 26 years of quiescence. We report the multi-color optical observation (g', Rc, and Ic) of this object at the beginning of its outburst performed by the MITSuME 50cm telescope in Akeno, Yamanashi, and the MURIKABUSHI 105 cm Telescope at Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory. With time domain analysis of the multi-color light curves, we successfully decomposed optical variations into two components: a highly-variable, and a little-variable component. The loci of the little-variable component in the color-color diagram are consistent with that of the multi-temperature blackbody radiation, while those of the highly-variable component trace out a power-law spectrum with a spectral index {\alpha}~0.6-1.0. For the little-variable component, we argue that an irradiated disk with the innermost temperature higher than ~2.0$\times10^4$ K and the outermost temperature lower than ~6.5$\times10^3$ K is the most plausible source. The gradual rise trend of the light curve during our observation is probably due to the growing of the little-variable component. The observed spectral energy distribution (SED) from the optical to ultraviolet can be expressed by a model consisting of a power-law component and an irradiated disk component.
The VMC survey XXX. Stellar proper motions in the central parts of the Small Magellanic Cloud

We present the first spatially resolved map of stellar proper motions within the central ($\sim$3.1 $\times$ 2.4 kpc) regions of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The data used for this study encompasses four tiles from the ongoing near-infrared VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system and covers a total contiguous area on the sky of $\sim$6.81 deg$^2$. Proper motions have been calculated independently in two dimensions from the spatial offsets in the $K_s$ filter over time baselines between 22 and 27 months. The reflex motions of $\sim$33~000 background galaxies are used to calibrate the stellar motions to an absolute scale. The resulting catalog is composed of more than 690 000 stars which have been selected based on their position in the $(J-K_s, K_s)$ color-magnitude diagram. For the median absolute proper motion of the SMC, we find ($\mu_{\alpha}\mathrm{cos}(\delta)$, $\mu_{\delta}$) = (1.087 $\pm$ 0.192 (sys.) $\pm$ 0.003 (stat.), $-$1.187 $\pm$ 0.008 (sys.) $\pm$ 0.003 (stat.)) mas yr$^{-1}$, consistent with previous studies. Mapping the proper motions as a function of position within the SMC reveals a non uniform velocity pattern indicative of a tidal feature behind the main body of the SMC and a flow of stars in the South-East moving predominantly along the line-of-sight.
Interplay of superexchange and orbital degeneracy in Cr-doped LaMnO 3

We report on structural, magnetic, and electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations in the manganite system ${\mathrm{LaMn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ $(xl~0.5). $ Upon Cr-doping we observe a reduction of the Jahn-Teller distortion yielding less distorted orthorhombic structures. A transition from the Jahn-Teller distorted ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ to the pseudocubic O phase occurs between $0.3lxl0. 4. $ A clear connection between this transition and the doping dependence of the magnetic and ESR properties has been observed. The effective moments determined by ESR seem reduced with respect to the spin-only value of both ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ions.
Phases of the two-band model of spinless fermions in one dimension

We study the two-band model of spinless fermions in one dimension for weak repulsive interactions. In this case, the model is equivalent to the weakly interacting spinless two-leg ladder. We obtain nonuniversal analytic expressions for the power-law decays $\ensuremath{\propto}{x}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ of the charge-density and $\ensuremath{\propto}{x}^{\ensuremath{-}1/\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ of the superconducting pairing correlation functions. To leading order in the doping $\ensuremath{\delta}$ away from half filling and ${t}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}/t,$ we find $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1+({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}{/8)(t}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}{/t)}^{2}{\ensuremath{\delta}}^{2}$ $(t$ and ${t}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ are the hopping terms along and between the chains), such that superconducting pairing correlations dominate. We furthermore show that the transition from the superconducting phase to the usual one-dimensional (Luttinger) metal occurs via a mixed phase, where superconducting pairs are formed in the bonding band only. We give the phase diagram as a function of temperature and doping.
Protection against Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Alterations by Synthetic Peptides Derived from Erythrina edulis Seed Protein

The ability of multifunctional food-derived peptides to act on different body targets make them promising alternatives in the prevention/management of chronic disorders. The potential of Erythrina edulis (pajuro) protein as a source of multifunctional peptides was proven. Fourteen selected synthetic peptides identified in an alcalase hydrolyzate from pajuro protein showed in vitro antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, and/or anti-obesity effects. The radical scavenging properties of the peptides could be responsible for the potent protective effects observed against the oxidative damage caused by FeSO4 in neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, their affinity towards the binding cavity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) were predicted by molecular modeling. The results demonstrated that some peptides such as YPSY exhibited promising binding at both enzymes, supporting the role of pajuro protein as a novel ingredient of functional foods or nutraceuticals for prevention/management of oxidative stress, hypertension, and metabolic-alteration-associated chronic diseases.
Predicting vigilance vulnerability during 1 and 2 weeks of sleep restriction with baseline performance metrics

Abstract Study Objectives We attempted to predict vigilance performance in adolescents during partial sleep deprivation using task summary metrics and drift diffusion modelling measures (DDM) derived from baseline vigilance performance. Methods In the Need for Sleep studies, 57 adolescents (age = 15–19 years) underwent two baseline nights of 9-h time-in-bed (TIB), followed by two cycles of weekday sleep-restricted nights (5-h or 6.5-h TIB) and weekend recovery nights (9-h TIB). Vigilance was assessed daily with the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), with the number of lapses (response times ≥ 500 ms) as the primary outcome measure. The two DDM predictors were drift rate, which quantifies the speed of information accumulation and determines how quickly an individual derives a decision response, and non-decision time range, which indicates within-subject variation in physical, non-cognitive responding, e.g. motor actions. Results In the first week of sleep curtailment, faster accumulation of lapses was significantly associated with more lapses at baseline (p = .02), but not the two baseline DDM metrics: drift and non-decision time range (p > .07). On the other hand, faster accumulation of lapses and greater increment in reaction time variability from the first to the second week of sleep restriction were associated with lower drift (p < .007) at baseline. Conclusions Among adolescents, baseline PVT lapses can predict inter-individual differences in vigilance vulnerability during 1 week of sleep restriction on weekdays, while drift more consistently predicts vulnerability during more weeks of sleep curtailment. Clinical Trial Information Effects of Napping in Sleep-Restricted Adolescents, clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02838095. The Cognitive and Metabolic Effects of Sleep Restriction in Adolescents (NFS4), clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03333512.
Potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus to modulate cytokine production by peripheral blood monocytes in patients with endometriosis

Background and Objectives: Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Peripheral blood monocytes cells (PBMCs) may have altered function to some extent in women with endometriosis. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a probiotic bacterium within the human body with the ability of alleviating many inflammatory diseases. Here, we examined the effect of L. acidophilus on PBMCs of endometriosis patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, peripheral blood samples were obtained from endometriosis patients (n=11) and non-endometriosis individuals (n=11). After isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Ficoll, cells were cultured in the presence and absence of phytohemagglutinin. Also, these cells were co-cultured with 1×106 CFU/ml of L. acidophilus. IL-6 and IL-1 cytokines were measured by ELISA method and the two groups were evaluated and compared. Results: The results showed that in endometriosis patients, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 and IL-6, by PBMC was increased compared to non-endometriosis subjects, and stimuli such as PHA intensified this elevation. Also, L. acidophilus increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1 and IL-6. However, the production of these cytokines decreased due to the modulatory properties of bacterial cells after 48 h. Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, IL-1 and IL-6 production was significantly increased in PMBCs of endometriosis patients compared to that of the healthy controls. Also, Lactobacillus acidophilus was considered as an antigenic compound and induced IL-1 and IL-6 production. According to these results, probiotics can be further used for the treatment of endometriosis patients and more investigations are needed to confirm these results.
THE EFFECT OF INFLATION RATE, INTEREST RATE AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF MALAYSIA

This study examines the effect of selected macroeconomics variables including inflation rate, interest rate and unemployment rate on the economic growth of Malaysia for the period of 2010 to 2018. To identify the effect of inflation, real interest rate, and unemployment on the gross domestic product (GDP), the long-run and short-run relationships between these variables are estimated. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is used for cointegration analysis. In the long run, the inflation rate has a positive impact on economic growth, meanwhile, the interest rate has a negative impact on economic growth. There is no evidence of a long-run relationship between the unemployment rate and economic growth. Based on the Toda-Yamamoto causality test, there is a uni-directional causal relationship from economic growth to the unemployment rate.
Suppression of 
Λ(1520)
 resonance production in central Pb-Pb collisions at 
sNN=2.76
 TeV

The production yield of the (cid:2) (1520) baryon resonance is measured at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The measurement is performed in the (cid:2) (1520) → pK − (and charge conjugate) hadronic decay channel as a function of the transverse momentum ( p T ) and collision centrality. The ratio of the p T -integrated production of (cid:2) (1520) baryons relative to (cid:2) baryons in central collisions is suppressed by about a factor of 2 with respect to peripheral collisions. This is the ﬁrst observation of the suppression of a baryonic resonance at the LHC and the ﬁrst 3 σ evidence of (cid:2) (1520) suppression within a single collision system. The measured (cid:2) (1520) / (cid:2) ratio in central collisions is smaller than the value predicted by the statistical hadronization model calculations. The shape of the measured p T distribution and the centrality dependence of the suppression are reproduced by the EPOS3 Monte Carlo event generator. The measurement adds further support to the formation of a dense hadronic phase in the ﬁnal stages of the evolution of the ﬁreball created in heavy-ion collisions, lasting long enough to cause a signiﬁcant reduction in the observable yield of short-lived resonances.
Viral Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and Delta: What We Know and What Is Still Required? Specific Focus on Low- and Middle-Income Countries

To achieve the World Health Organization’s (WHO) goals of eradicating viral hepatitis globally by 2030, the regional prevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) coinfection must be known in order to implement preventiveon and treatment strategies. HBV/HDV coinfection is considered the most severe form of vira l hepatitis due to it’s rapid progression towards cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death. The role of simplified diagnosticsis tools for screening and monitoring HBV/HDV-coinfected patients is crucial. Many sophisticated tools for diagnoses have been developed for detection of HBV alone as well as HBV/HDV coinfection. However, these advanced techniques are not widely available in low-income countries and there is no standardization for HDV detection assays, which are used for monitoring the response to antiviral therapy. More accessible and affordable alternative methods, such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), are being developed and validated for equipment-free and specific detection of HBV and HDV. This review will provide some insight into both existing and diagnosis tools under development, their applicability in developing countries and how they could increase screening, patient monitoring and treatment eligibility.
A simple MHD model for the formation of multiple dipolarization fronts

A simplified MHD model is proposed that explains characteristic features of dipolarization fronts observed by the five‐probe THEMIS mission, and in particular the recurrent or multiple fronts, as structures arising from the nonlinear evolution of the interchange instability of the initial reconnection ejecta in the terrestrial magnetotail. Modeling the effects of the magnetic field curvature and plasma braking by an effective gravity and imposing an initial seed perturbation consistent with the observed dawn‐dusk scale of fronts is shown to reproduce the observed variations of the north‐south magnetic field, bulk flow plasma velocity, number density and pressure.