Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of sustainability attributes and price in determining consumers' fruit perceived value

This work analyses consumers' behaviour and attitudes toward products characterised by a reduced environmental impact in terms of carbon footprint (CF). Value perception was measured using a contingent valuation approach, asking consumers to state their willingness to accept (WTA) monetary compensation for a product exchange offer, particularly fruit characterised by a higher CF in place of fruit characterised by a lower CF. Field experiments were conducted to determine consumers WTA as well as factors affecting the choice. Consumers were hypothetically endowed with a punnet of fruit produced with innovative, low CF farming methods and were offered to exchange it with a punnet of regular fruit. Variables representing consumer fruit consumption habits, consumer attitude and concern towards the environment, and socio-demographics were chosen to represent factors that motivate consumers' value perception of environmentally-friendly fruit. The scale of green consumption values (GCVs) was used to model consumer concern towards the environment. Results showed that demographics affect the perceived value of fruit characterised by a lower CF and that consumers' preference for lower CF products is associated with fruit consumption habits and environmental concerns. At the same time, a positive relationship with CF levels needs further investigation.
A STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF MRI FINDING IN PATIENTS WITH DEGENERATIVE DISCOVERTEBRAL LOW BACK PAIN

Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disease and has a high prevalence rate in community that causes a significant morbidity, mostly due to degenerative discovertebral disease. MRI is the best and noninvasive method for assessing degenerative discovertebral disease. This study was conducted to determine MRI findings in degenerative discovertebral disease. This descriptive study is done cross sectionally on 110 patients (60 men & 50 women) with the average age of 45 years that have degenerative low back pain without a history of trauma, neoplastic, inflammatory or spinal surgery. Degenerative findings including changes in signal of nuclear disk complex, size and shape of nuclear complex, intranuclear cleft, disk height, disk bulging, disk herniation, dural sac compression and osteophyte formation are analyzed and graded form zero to three based on their severity. The result shows %92.7 of patients have degenerative discovertebral findings. The most common age is 4-6 decades. Degenerative findings occur in men one decade earlier. The most common time for patients’ reference was 1-6 months after the disease commences. The most common disk level involvement is L4-L5 that affected men %82 and women %75. After that the fifth, the third the second and the first disks respectively. The most common degenerative findings are change in intranuclear cleft %58.2, change in signal of disk complex %41.6, disk height narrowing %25.9, change in shape and size of disk complex %23.2. Prevalence of degenerative discovertebral finding, except for disk herniation, increase from the first to the forth disk and then decrease partially. Dural sac compression in upper disk is mostly due to disk and then decrease partially. Dural sac compression in upper disk is mostly due to disk bulging and in lower disk because of disk herniation. Mild grading of degenerative discovertebral findings is more common than moderate or severe geading, except for changes of signal intensity of disk, intranuclear cleft and disk height narrowing whose moderate findings have greater prevalence. Thereis no sex difference in degenerative discovertebral finding. Signal intensity changes increases with age (P<0.05). Also there are increases in changes of size and shape of nuclear complex, intranuclear cleft, disk height narrowing in the first to the third disks (P<0.05). But there is no significant rise in disk herniation, disk bulging or dural sac compression with age. Increase in ostheophyet formation in the first and the second disk is seen (P<0.05). Degenerative discovertebral findings show that according to degenerative proces the first, the second, and the third disks might be categorized in one group and the forth and the fifth disks in another group.
Population Negatively Regulated by CD1d1 Identifies and Enriches an NK Cell CD1d1 Displayed on Cell Size Beads

NK cells destroy microbe-infected cells while sparing healthy cells, and are controlled, in part, by inhibitory receptors speciﬁc for class I Ag-presenting molecules. CD1d1, a (cid:1) 2 -microglobulin-associated class I-like molecule, binds glycolipids and stimulates NKT cells. We previously demonstrated that target cell lysis by IL-2-activated mouse NK cells is inhibited by target cell expression of CD1d1, suggesting that IL-2-activated NK cells may express a CD1d1-speciﬁc inhibitory receptor. We now report that a signiﬁcant subset of mouse IL-2-activated NK cells speciﬁcally binds cell size beads displaying either naturally expressed or recombinant CD1d1. In contrast, although tetramers of soluble recombinant CD1d1 loaded with (cid:2) -galactosylceramide identify NKT cells, binding of this reagent to resting or IL-2-activated NK cells was undetectable, even with activated NK cells sorted with CD1d1 beads. Cytotoxicity by the CD1d1 bead-separated NK subset was strongly inhibited by CD1d1, compared with the NK cell subset not bound to CD1d1 beads. An Ab that blocks NKT cell recognition of CD1d1 also reverses CD1d1 inhibition of NK lysis, suggesting that TCRs of NKT cells and NK inhibitory receptor(s) may interact with a similar site on CD1d1. These results provide direct evidence for a physical interaction of NK cells with CD1d1, mediated by a functional, CD1d1-speciﬁc low-afﬁnity inhibitory NK receptor. Display of ligands on cell size beads to maximize multivalent interaction may offer an alternative approach to examine NK cell receptor-ligand interactions, particularly those of lower expression and/or lower afﬁnity/avidity that may go undetected using
Edinburgh Research Explorer Cooking pasta in La Paz

Literature on bilingualism and cognition is characterised by a large amount of conflicting evidence. In some studies, bilinguals perform better then monolinguals on executive tasks involving inhibition, monitoring and switching but are slower on tasks of lexical processing. Other studies don’t find any significant effects and challenge the very existence of cognitive differences between monolinguals and bilinguals. In this paper I question the assumption that different studies performed in different parts of the world should yield the same results. I argue that the environment (in the widest sense of the word) in which an experiment is conducted can exert profound influence on its outcome. Against the background of the current debate about the replication crisis in science I propose that conflicting evidence is not a threat to the trustworthiness of scientific research but a sign of the health of a discipline and a welcome opportunity to identify new relevant variables.
Extreme Î³' fibrinogen levels in COVID-19 patients

Background: COVID-19 progression can be accompanied by a "cytokine storm" that leads to secondary sequelae such as thrombosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several inflammatory cytokines have been associated with COVID-19 progression, but have far too much daily intra-individual variability to be useful in tracking the course of the disease. In contrast, we have shown that the inflammatory biomarker {gamma}' fibrinogen ({gamma}' Fbg) has a 6-fold lower coefficient of variability compared to other inflammatory markers such as hs-CRP. Objectives: The aims of the study were to measure {gamma}' Fbg in serial blood samples from COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care medical center in order to investigate its association with clinical measures of disease progression. Methods: COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care medical center were retrospectively enrolled between 3/16/2020 and 8/1/2020. {gamma}' Fbg was measured using a commercial ELISA. Results: Our results showed that nine out of the seventeen patients with COVID-19 had extremely high levels of {gamma}' Fbg. {gamma}' Fbg levels were significantly associated with the need for ECMO and with mortality. Conclusions: We found that COVID-19 patients can develop extraordinarily high levels of {gamma}' Fbg. The previous highest {gamma}' Fbg level that we are aware of was 80.3 mg/dL found in a study of 10,601 participants in the ARIC study. These results have several important clinical implications. {gamma}' Fbg contains a high affinity binding site for thrombin that binds to anion-binding exosite II on thrombin and protects it from inactivation by heparin. High levels of {gamma}' Fbg therefore provide a reservoir of heparin-resistant clot-bound thrombin when the {gamma}' Fbg is clotted. These findings have potential implications regarding prophylactic anticoagulation of COVID-19 patients and suggest that heparin prophylaxis may be less effective than using other anticoagulants, particularly direct thrombin inhibitors.
EFFECT OF ENRICHED COMPOST TEA ON WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE TREES

The present investigation was conducted during 2007 and 2008 seasons to study the effect of compost tea on vegetative growth, fruiting and yield, leaf mineral content and fruit quality of Washington navel orange trees. All tested treatments gave generally significant increase on shoot length, leaves number/shoot and leaf surface area in both seasons of the study as compared with control, while T6 ( 20L compost tea at five equal doses in mid each February, March, April, June and August) gave the highest significant increase of shoot length, leaf number/shoot and relatively leaf surface area (14.02-14.25 cm) (7.22-7.72 leaf) (18.74-17.54cm) in 2007 and 2008 seasons, respectively. In addition, T6 treatment relatively gave significant increase in fruits number and yield /tree (397.81-225.25 fruit and 94.84-55.10 Kg/tree, in both seasons, respectively. Moreover T6 gave significant increase in leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in both seasons of the study compared with control (2.99-3.08%, 0.276-0.288% and 1.98-2.02% in 2007 and 2008 seasons, respectively. Concerning to nitrate and nitrite concentration in the fruit juice, T6 resulted in the lowest values of both compounds (4.42-4.64 and 0.087-0.091 ppm/100ml) in 2007 and 2008 seasons, respectively).
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Women of Childbearing Age with Regard to HIV in Brazzaville-Congo

Ossibi Ibara BR1,2*, Antaon J SS3, Kibimi Goubili CE3, Bintséné née Mpika Gickelle4 Adoua-Doukaga T1,2, Angoga Pabota E2, Sekangué née Potokoué S4, Ekat M2, Ellenga-Mbolla BF5 and Itoua C4 1Faculty of Medicine, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo 3Ministry of Health and Population, Congo 4Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo 5Department of Cardiology, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo Submission:December 12, 2019; Published: December 19, 2019 *Corresponding author: Ossibi Ibara BR, Faculty of Medicine, Marien Ngouabi University, Department of Infectious Diseases, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF RETICULOCYTE HEMOGLOBIN AND SOLUBLE TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR IN DETERMINING THE IRON STATUS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Objective: This research aims to find the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the new parameters reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-He), and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in determining the iron status of patients with chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis (CKD-HD) who will receive recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy which requires sufficient iron levels. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Hemodialysis (HD) Unit of Dr. M. Soewandhie Regional General Hospital from September 2018 to March 2019. Patients with CKD and anemia who had undergone hemodialysis were recruited in this study. There were two groups: Group 1, patients with iron-deficiency anemia and Group 2, patients without iron-deficiency anemia. Examination on Ret-He and sTfR was performed through comparison with gold standard transferrin saturation and ferritin serum. Results: The mean±standard deviation of Ret-He is 30.18±2.74 pg, sTfR of male group is 2704.11±1981 mg/l and sTfR of female group is 3837.76±1415 mg/l. The agreement of Ret-He and gold standard was 85.4% (p=0.000) with sensitivity 86.7%, specificity 84.6%, PPV 76.5%, and NPV 91.7%. The agreement of sTfR in male was 92.8% (p=0.002) with sensitivity 100%, specificity 90.9%, PPV 75%, and NPV 100%. As for female, it was 85.1% (p=0.000), with sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 86.75%, PPV 83.3%, and NPV 86.7%. According to sTfR/log ferritin index calculation, the agreement was 100% (p=0.000) for male and 85.1% (p=0.000) for female. Conclusion: The diagnostic values of the parameters Ret-He, sTfR, and sTfR/log ferritin index were high and therefore can be used to diagnose irondeficiency anemia in CKD-HD patients who will undergo rHuEPO therapy.
COPD_A_250576 2515..2526

1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110042, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tarbagatay Prefecture People’s Hospital, Tacheng, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a typical chronic disease, but its molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of biomarkers during COPD development. Methods: Markers significantly associated with COPD were screened using bioinformatics tools. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to explore the expression of PTPLAD2 and USP49 in BEAS-2B cells. CCK-8 assay was used to determine the influence of PTPLAD2 and USP49 in BEAS-2B on cell proliferation. Results: In this study, 86 DEGs were identified in GSE76925. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses suggested that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway, ECM–receptor interaction, mRNA process, and viral transcription were all involved in the development of COPD. In addition, 14 hub genes were identified by WGCNA. PTPLAD2 and USP49 shared DEGs and hub genes and their expression levels were significantly reduced after CSE-treatment in BEAS-2B cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that PTPLAD2 and USP49 may be useful biomarkers of COPD.
Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of three different bonding agents under dry & moist conditions- an in vitro study

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the shear bond strength of self-etch primer and self-adhesive resin cement and to study the effect of adhesion booster on self-adhesive resin cement, under dry and moist condition. Materials and Methods: The 120 teeth were randomly divided into two groups, of 60 each, according to the dry and moist condition (D and M). The two groups of 60 teeth were further subdivided into 4 groups of 15 each, according to the adhesives being used. These were, conventional etch and resin system, (Transbond XT), group D1 & M1; self-etch primer (SEP, 3M) plus Transbond XT adhesive, group D2 & M2; self-adhesive resin cement (Rely-X U200, 3M Unitec), group D3 & M3; and selfadhesive resin cement (Rely-X U200, 3M Unitec) with adhesion booster (Enhance L.C, Reliance), group D4 & M4. The shear bond strength was detected using universal testing machine (INSTRON). Statistical analysis used: T test, one way ANOVA, followed by Post-Hoc test (Post Hoc Analysis, Bonferroni) was used. Results: Under dry and moist condition highest mean shear bond strength, 8.80±4.96 MPa and 7.18±6.15 MPa, was of samples bonded under Group D2. The shear bond strength of Group D4 demonstrates the mean value, which is below clinical significance. Under moist the mean shear bond strength of all the other groups was below clinical significance. Conclusion: Self-adhesive resin cement under moist condition showed the shear bond strength below clinical acceptance. The selfadhesive resin cement when used with adhesion booster also did not improve the shear bond strength, under dry or moist condition. Self-etch primer was least affected by salivary contamination.
Role of Engagement in Predicting 6th - Grade Students’ Performance in an Integrated STEM Life Sciences Unit

In this research to practice paper, we have focused on the role of engagement in predicting students’ performance in an integrated life sciences unit. Prior literature has shown that students’ engagement plays a vital role in developing their interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Education, and Mathematics) courses, their performance, and their selection of college majors and careers. One way of achieving this engagement is by actively engaging students in science courses at an early age. Considering the role of active engagement in science classes as a critical factor to students’ performance, we designed an integrated Life STEM curriculum unit, and associated assessment for 6th-grade students. We developed curriculum materials applying the effective strategies for science and engineering integration identified in previous research. We introduced the curriculum unit to 11 teachers in eight middle schools across the Midwest region of the USA. We collected pre and post achievement and engagement data from these teachers’ classrooms. Specifically, we collected data from 1100 6 th grade students for their pre-engagement (before the implementation of the curriculum unit) and post-engagement (after the implementation of the curriculum unit). Academic performance data were provided for 915 6 th grade students. We used the modified multidimensional engagement instrument, “The Math and Science Engagement Scales,” for students’ engagement data. The instrument has four dimensions, which are behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and social. Students’ academic performance data were collected through a content assessment designed by the project team. In this study, we specifically explored the role of students’ pre-engagement in predicting students' performance in the curriculum unit while accounting for students’ prior performance. We used multiple regression analysis to explore the relationship between each dimension of students’ engagement and performance. We also explored the change in students’ engagement from pre to post studying the curriculum unit using multivariate ANOVA. The results indicate that students’ pre-assessment, behavioral engagement, and social engagement are the significant predictors of their performance in the post-assessment. Also, results indicate a significant change in all engagement dimensions from pre to post. In this full paper, we discuss these results in light of the integrated STEM approach and previous literature evidence. Further, we discussed the limitations and implications of the study and provided future directions for the research.
Should Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Be Expanded to Lower-Risk and Younger Patients? Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Indications Should be Expanded to Lower-Risk and Younger Patients C onTRoVERSIES

Drs Linke and Haussig provide a thorough update of the current outcomes and results of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and try to make an argument for its use in low-risk patients. To support their argument, they refer to recent articles on postmarket registries and CE trials of second-generation devices, some of which show improved outcomes for TAVR. When interpreting these data, one has to consider that most of these trials were very selective in patient inclusion and that follow-up is in general limited to 1 year. Patients with peripheral artery disease, renal failure, bicuspid valves, severe annular calcification, and other known risk factors for TAVR were often excluded, especially in CE trials. This renders a comparison with surgical aortic valve replacement all-comer data impossible. The authors discuss at length the work of Wenaweser, who treated a number of low- and intermediate-risk patients with TAVR. Unfortunately, the original article is largely misquoted. The 30-day mortality in low- and intermediate-risk patients was not 0% as referred to by the authors but 2.4% and 3.9%, respectively. Likewise, the major stroke rate was not 0% but 2.4% in the low-risk and 3.2% in the intermediate-risk group. Although it is true that the rate life-threatening bleeding was the same for low- (14.6%), intermediate- (14.2%), and high- (23.5%) risk patients, the rates exceed 14%, which for low-risk patients seems unacceptable. So far, neither this article nor any other article quoted by the authors provides proof that TAVR provides better major adverse cardiac event outcomes in low- or intermediate-risk groups of patients than surgical aortic valve replacement. What these studies show is that the excess need for pacemakers, the problem of paravalvular aortic leakage, and vascular complications after TAVR remain an issue. In addition, its long-term durability is still unknown. Before the indication can be expanded to low-risk
ACELL May 45/5

Culic, Ognjen, Ulrich K. M. Decking, and Jürgen Schrader. Metabolic adaptation of endothelial cells to substrate deprivation. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Cell Physiol. 45): C1061–C1068, 1999. —Endothelial cells are known to be metabolically rather robust. To study the mechanisms involved, porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC), cultured on microcarrier beads, were perfused with glucose (10 mM) or with substrate-free medium. Substrate-free perfusion for 2 h induced an almost complete loss of nucleoside triphosphates (31P-NMR) and decreased heat flux, a measure of total energy turnover, by . 90% in parallel microcalorimetric measurements. Heat flux and nucleoside triphosphates recovered after addition of glucose. Because protein synthesis is a major energy consumer in PAEC, the rate of protein synthesis was measured ([14C]leucine incorporation). Reduction or blockade of energy supply resulted in a pronounced reduction in the rate of protein synthesis (up to 80% reduction). Intracellular triglyceride stores were decreased by ,60% after 2 h of substrate-free perfusion. Under basal perfusion conditions, PAEC released ,30 pmol purine·mg protein21 ·min21, i.e., 16% of the cellular ATP per hour, while ATP remained constant. Substrate deprivation increased the release of various purines and pyrimidines about threefold and also induced a twofold rise in purine de novo synthesis ([14C]formate). These results demonstrate that PAEC are capable of recovering from extended periods of substrate deprivation. They can do so by a massive downregulation of their energy expenditure, particularly protein synthesis, while at the same time using endogenous triglycerides as substrates and upregulating purine de novo synthesis to compensate for the loss of purines.