Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fire ants and northern bobwhites: a real problem or a red herring?

onies of the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 8:237-238. HURLBURT, S. H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol. Monogr. 54:187-211. HURST, G. A. 1972. Insects and bobwhite quail management. Proc. Natl. Bobwhite Quail Symp. 1:6582. JANVRIN, J. A. , E. P. WIGGERS, AND T. V. DAILEY. 1991. Evaluation of drive counts for estimating northern bobwhite densities. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 19:475-481. JOHNSON. A. S. 1961. Antagonistic relationships between ants and wildlife with special reference to imported fire ants and bobwhite quail in the Southeast. Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Game and Fish Comm. 15:88-107. KELLOGG, F. E. , G. L. DOSTER, W. R. DAVIDSON, AND W. M. MARTIN. 1982. Efficiency of dogs in locating bobwhites. Proc. Natl. Bobwhite Quail Symp. 2:31-34. LIPSEY, M. W. 1990. Design sensitivity: statistical power for experimental research. Sage Publ. Inc., Newbury Park, Calif. 207pp. MAXWELL, F. G. , W. A. BANKS, J. L. BAGENT, W. L. BUREN, 0. FRANK, R. RISCH, A. SORENSEN, W. L. STERLING, AND J. L. STIMAC. 1982. Population dynamics of the red imported fire ant. Pages 6772 in S. L. Battenfield, ed. Proc. of the symposium on the imported fire ant. U.S. Dep. Agric. , Anim. and Plant Health Inspection Serv. , Atlanta. Ga. PORTER, S. D. , AND D. A. SAVIGNANO. 1990. Invasion of polygyne fire ants decimates native ants and disrupts arthropod community. Ecology 71:2,0952,106. , B. VAN EIMEREN, AND L. E. GILBERT. 1988. Invasion of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): microgeography of competitive replacement. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 81:913-918. , A. BHATKAR, R. MULDER, S B. VINSON, AND D. J. CLAIR. 1991. Distribution and density of polygyne fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Texas. J. Econ. Entomol. 84:866-874. RICE, S. M. 1991. Models for estimating bobwhite habitat quality on subtropical, subhumid rangelands. M.S. Thesis, Texas A&I Univ., Kingsville. 68pp. SIMPSON, R. C. 1976. Certain aspects of the quail's life history and population dynamics in southwest Georgia. Ga. Dep. Nat. Resour. Tech. Bull. WL1. ll5pp. VINSON, S. B. 1990. Utilization of small plant decomposing community by Solenopsis invicta Buren. Pages 35-38 in M. E. Mispagel, ed. Proc. of the 1990 Imported Fire Ant Conference. Univ. Georgia, Athens. AND A. A. SORENSEN. 1986. Imported fire ants: life history and impact. Tex. Dep. Agric. , Austin. 28pp.
Comparative genomics and natural distributions of phenotypically distinct strains of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera watsonii

Author(s): Bench, Shellie | Advisor(s): Zehr, Jonathan P. | Abstract: Crocosphaera watsonii is an ecologically important marine unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium. It is often abundant in oligotrophic ocean regions where it provides fixed nitrogen to nutrient-limited phytoplankton communities. Previous genetic studies have observed genetic rearrangements but very little sequence variation among natural populations or cultivated strains of Crocosphaera. Those strains exhibit two phenotypes (large- and small-cell) with characteristics that suggest different ecological roles and niches. Prior to this work, the genetic basis for the phenotypic differences was unknown, and molecular methods for enumerating natural C. watsonii could not differentiate between phenotypes. To address those unanswered scientific questions, these studies compared the genomes of six C. watsonii strains, three of each phenotype, which were isolated over large spatial and temporal distances. A large portion of those genome sequences were shared among all strains with nearly 100% nucleotide identity. However, there were also genes that were specific to each strain, and others were specific to each phenotype, including some which could explain phenotypic differences (e.g. EPS biosynthesis). Relative to small-cell strains, large-cell strains had larger genomes and additional genetic capabilities, including possibly increased adaptations to iron and phosphorus limitation. Clustering based on genome sequences and content showed that strains with a common phenotype were evolutionarily most closely related, regardless of their time and location of isolation. Surprisingly, the genome of the C. watsonii type-strain, WH8501, was quite unusual, even compared to those with the same phenotype, suggesting it may not be appropriately representative of the species. To investigate distributions of Crocosphaera types in the marine environment, molecular assays were developed, based on phenotype-specific genes, and applied to samples from the North and South Pacific. In those samples, small-cells dominated in the upper 75 m where abundance of both types was much greater, while large-cells dominated in samples with lower counts between 100 m and 175 m. There was also more evidence that large-cells form aggregates in the N. Pacific. Future studies will be important to determine which of the initial C. watsonii patterns described here can be generalized, both in genomes, and in natural distributions of the two types.
Efecto de paredes celulares (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) en el alimento de pollo de engorda sobre los parámetros productivos

Two experiments using broiler chicks were done to evaluate productive arameteres and mortality at 49 d of age with addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls (CW), with or without an antibiotic growth promoter (Avilamycin). The first assay included 3,000 chicks in six randomly-distributed treatments: Negative control (NC), Positive control (PC), NC + 0.5 kg/t CW, 1.0 kg/ t CW, 1.5 kg/t CW, and PC + 1.0 kg/t CW. The second included 1800 broiler chicks in six randomly-distributed treatments: NC, PC, NC + 0.5 kg/t CW, 0.25 kg/t CW, PC + 0.5 kg/t CW, and PC + 0.25 kg/t CW. No significant effects (P>0.05) were observed in feed consumption and mortality. Cell wall levels of 0.5 kg/t were enough to achieve a response competitive with that of AGP's, with similar results (P>0.05) in body weight and feed conversion. Joint addition of CW at different doses with the AGP (P<0.01) produced the best body weights in the first assay (2470, 2533, 2558, 2524, 2512 and 2591 g) and second assay (2589, 2660, 2657, 2647, 2714 and 2696 g). This effect was reflected in feed conversion for the first (1.93, 1.89, 1.88, 1.88, 1.88, 1.84 g/g) and second assays (2.0, 1.95, 1.93, 1.97, 1.93, 1.93 g/g). Addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls is a promising growth promoter alternative in broiler chicks production.
Monitoring changes in the structure of global dairy cattle populations.

INTRODUCTION Globalization of dairy cattle breeding has improved selection intensity, but has also led to increased relationships among animals and thus higher risk for inbreeding and exhaustion of genetic resources. Exchange of genetic material and genetic relationships are not confined within country borders. Increased rates of inbreeding may thus be a worldwide problem, which requires actions to be taken at the international level corresponding to at least the borders of genetic evaluation.
Normal foliar nutrient levels in North American forest trees: A summary

Absuact-------------------------------­ Numerous forest tree species native to the North America continent have been introduced Into other regions of the woirld with varying degrees of success. In several instances, nutrition problems in these introductions have become apparent only in later stages of stand development, or in second generation stands, after large acreages have been planted. The economic implications of growth stagnation or plantation failure In these situations could become a threat to national resource development programs. Monitoring the nutrient status of introduced trees should provide early warnings of nutrient problems, thereby enabling appropriate remedial action.
Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control with Fall-Applied Imazapyr, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

Imazapyr, imazaquin, and imazethapyr were evaluated for control of leafy spurge. Herbicides were applied at 70, 140, and 280 g ae/ha in Fall 1989, 1990, or 1991 on a sub-irrigated meadow near Ainsworth, NE and a tallgrass prairie near Columbus, NE. Imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr at 280 g/ha controlled leafy spurge 58, 82 and 73%, respectively, 9 mo after treatment (MAT) at Ainsworth. Leafy spurge control averaged 49% 9 MAT at Columbus where 280 g/ha of the imidazolinone herbicides were applied. Leafy spurge yields were reduced at Ainsworth by 29 and 78% where the imidazolinones were applied at 140 and 280 g/ha. By 11 MAT, leafy spurge control on areas treated with 280 g/ha declined to less than 60% at Ainsworth and 10% at Columbus. Perennial forage grass yields at both sites were generally unaffected by imazaquin or imazethapyr, but imazapyr at 280 g/ha reduced yields by 69 and 44% at Ainsworth and Columbus, respectively. Imidazolinone herbicides applied in the fall partially controlled leafy spurge, but did not increase perennial forage grass yields.
Suppressive Oligodeoxynucleotides Inhibit Cytosolic DNA Sensing Pathways: A Dissertation

The innate immune system provides an essential first line of defense against infection. Innate immune cells detect pathogens through several classes of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) allowing rapid response to a broad spectrum of infectious agents. Activated receptors initiate signaling cascades that lead to the production of cytokines, chemokines and type I interferons all of which are vital for controlling pathogen load and coordinating the adaptive immune response. Detection of nucleic acids by the innate immune system has emerged as a mechanism by which infection is recognized. Recognition of DNA is complex, influenced by sequence, structure, covalent modification and subcellular localization. Interestingly certain synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides comprised of the TTAGGG motif inhibit proinflammatory responses in a variety of disease models. T hese suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides (sup ODN) have been shown to directly block TLR9 signaling as well as prevent STAT1 and STAT4 phosphorylation. Recently AIM2 has been shown to engage ASC and assemble an inflammasome complex leading to the caspase-1-dependent maturation of IL-1β and IL-18. T he AIM2 inflammasome is activated in response to cytosolic dsDNA and plays an important role in controlling replication of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). In the second chapter of this thesis, a novel role for the sup ODN A151 in inhibiting cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways is described. Treatment of dendritic cells and macrophages with the A151 abrogated type I IFN, TNF-α and ISG induction in response to cytosolic dsDNA. A151 also reduced INFβ and TNF-α induction in BMDC and BMDM responding to the herpesviruses HSV-1 and MCMV but had no effect on the responses to LPS or Sendai virus. In addition, A151
CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATIONS FOR IMMUNO-REGULATION: TOWARDS A SYNTHETIC TOLEROGENIC DENDRITIC CELL

Transplant rejection and autoimmunity are characterized by adverse inflammatory reactions and the absence of immuno-regulatory mechanisms. One of the most common treatments for these conditions is the use of immunosuppressive agents that non-specifically suppress immune cell function. However, these agents are associated with many drawbacks that include renal and hepatic toxicities as well as increased risk of infections and malignancies. A promising alternative to immunosuppressants is the utilization of the immune system’s natural regulatory mechanisms. Cellular therapies, comprising of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDC) and regulatory T cells (Treg), which exploit these regulatory mechanisms are currently under development. Unfortunately, therapies that use tDC and Treg are associated with many challenges such as; difficulty in isolating these cells, problems in maintaining their regulatory phenotype under ex vivo culture conditions, and the prohibitive infrastructure requirements in culturing these cells under ‘GMP’ conditions. A potential solution to these problems is the development of prospective therapeutics that would alter regulatory cell numbers and function in vivo. To this end, we developed three new degradable and biocompatible formulations to modulate regulatory immune responses. The first formulation involves the encapsulation of an immusuppressant, rapamycin, into appropriately-sized microparticles (rapaMP) that can specifically be targeted to phagocytic cells in vivo. RapaMP-treated DC show lowered expression of co-stimulatory markers and decreased ability to stimulate T cell proliferation, both of which are suggestive of their capacity to suppress immune responses in vivo. The second formulation involves the encapsulation of a chemokine capable of Treg recruitment (CCL22) into sustained release vehicles (CCL22MP). Our data demonstrates that CCL22MP are able to recruit Treg in vivo, and show promise in delaying cell and composite tissue graft rejection. The third formulation involves the encapsulation of factors (IL-2, TGF-β and rapa; FactorMP) that we have identified as agents capable of Treg induction. We show that FactorMP are capable of inducing functional Treg populations from both mouse and human cells, and could possibly create a local immunosuppressive environment in vivo that favors Treg proliferation. Controlled release formulations such as these, could potentially be developed as “off-the-shelf” therapeutics for the treatment of transplant rejection and autoimmunity.
Lichens of Mt.Sorak in Korea

Extensive explorations for lichens have been made in semi-natural vegetation, outcrops of exposed rocks, and secondary forests of Mt. Sorak in Korea in 1995 and 1996. As a result, 32 fam ilies, 80 genera, 237 species, I subspecies, I variety and 1 form (240 taxa) are reported, of which 86 species are new to Korea and Staurolemma omphalarioides is new to Asia. Pertusaria pseudamara Moon et Shibuichi is newly described. Myelochroa coreana Y. S. Park is reduced to synonym of M. aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale. Even though more field surveys and more detailed taxonomic studies are required before a detailed analysis of the lichen flora of Korea can be made, phytogeographical features are outlined in the present paper. No species of the genus Staurolemma has been reported from Asia. However, one specimen col lected in the present area agrees well in morphology ofthallus and apothecia with an exsiccata speci men of S. omphalarioides preserved in TNS (Vezda, Lich. Se! . Exs. 703! ). The description based on the Korean material is as follows; Thallus dark olivaceous, membraneous, irregularly fenestrate, lobulate with irregular
Development of Nonstandard Discrete Simulation Model for the Numerical Solution of second order Ordinary Differential Equations

The paper presents the use of renormalized denominator function in the construction of suitable discrete model that can be used for numerical analysis of initial value problems arising from second order ordinary differential equations. In the paper, we used the nonstandard rule on renormalization of denominator functions to construct qualitatively suitable numerical model for some second order ordinary differential equations. Keywords: Discrete Model, Simulation, Renormalized Denominator, Nonstandard Rule.
Spacing sugar beets for maximum production

Tests indicate that maximum sugar production requires spacing beets no closer than 5 inches, in rows spaced 30 inches apart, or no closer than 7 inches in rows 14-26 inches apart (14 inches between rows on the bed and 26 inches between rows of adjacent beds), and that rows spaced 10-20 inches produced no more sugar than the 14-26-inch rows.
Profiling the Roles of Insulin Receptor Substrate Isoforms 1 and 2 in Breast Cancer

Abstract : The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been shown to play role in breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) adaptor proteins are recruited to the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in response to IGF-I to activate downstream MAPK and PI3K signaling. Data from our lab suggests that different isoforms (IRS-1 and IRS-2) exhibit a selective propensity for one of these signaling pathways to drive cellular behavior, where IRS-1 drives proliferation through Grb2/MAPK activation and IRS-2 stimulates motility through PI3K/Akt induction. Our findings suggest that overlapping and distinct sets of genes are driven by IRS-1 and IRS-2 following IGF-1 exposure. While both isoforms regulate expression, early (4h) IRS-2 genes linked to motility and late IRS-1 (24h) genes linked to proliferation. IGF-I-induced upregulation in the transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF! 2) gene suggested that IRS isoforms link the IGF and TGF! pathways. Comparative analysis and hierarchical clustering of our IRS-driven microarrays with published data sets uncovered numerous commonly regulated genes. Moreover, certain subsets were linked to poor patient survival. Our data suggest that IGF stimulation of breast cancer cells results in distinct profiles of gene expression that are dependent on IRS adaptor protein expression and these signatures may reveal poor prognosis.
The utility of in vivo observations for describing particle capture processes in suspension‐feeding bivalve molluscs

MORTON, B. 1983. Feeding and digestion in Bivalvia, p. 65–147. In A. S. M. Saleuddin, and K. M. Wilbur [eds], The Mollusca, V. 5. Physiology, Part 2, Academic Press. NIELSEN, N. F. , P. S. LARSEN, H. U. RIISGÅRD, AND C. B. JøRGENSEN. 1993. Fluid motion and particle retention in the gill of Mytilus edulis: Video recordings and numerical modelling. Mar. Biol. 116: 61–71. OWEN, G. 1974. Studies on the gill of Mytilus edulis: the eu-laterofrontal cirri. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 187: 83–91. , AND J. M. MCCRAE. 1976. Further studies on the laterofrontal tracts of bivalves. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 194: 527– 544. RIISGÅRD, H. U. 1988. Efficiency of particle retention and filtration rate in 6 species of Northeast American bivalves. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 45: 217–223. , P. S. LARSEN, AND N. F. NIELSEN. 1996. Particle capture in the mussel Mytilus edulis: The role of latero-frontal cirri. Mar. Biol. 127: 259–266. SILVERMAN, H. , E. C. ACHBERGER, J. W. LYNN, AND T. H. DIETZ. 1995. Filtration and utilization of laboratory-cultured bacteria by Dreissena polymorpha, Corbicula fluminea, and Carunculina texasensis. Biol. Bull. 189: 308–319. , J. W. LYNN, AND T. H. DIETZ. 1996. Particle capture by the gills of Dreissena polymorpha: Structure and function of latero-frontal cirri. Biol. Bull. 191: 42–54. , S. J. NICHOLS, J. S. CHERRY, E. ACHBERGER, J. W. LYNN, AND T. H. DIETZ. 1997. Clearance of laboratory-cultured bacteria by freshwater bivalves: Differences between lentic and lotic unionids. Can. J. Zool. 75: 1857–1866. WARD, J. E. 1996. Biodynamics of suspension-feeding in adult bivalve molluscs: Particle capture, processing, and fate. Invertebr. Biol. 115: 218–231. , P. G. BENINGER, B. A. MACDONALD, AND R. J. THOMPSON. 1991. Direct observations of feeding structures and mechanisms in bivalve molluscs using endoscopic examination and video image analysis. Mar. Biol. 111: 287–291. , J. S. LEVINTON, S. E. SHUMWAY, AND T. CUCCI. 1998b. Particle sorting in bivalves: in vivo determination of the pallial organs of selection. Mar. Biol. 131: 283–292. , L. P. SANFORD, R. I. E. NEWELL, AND B. A. MACDONALD. 1998a. A new explanation of particle capture in suspensionfeeding bivalve molluscs. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43: 741–752.
Food Exploitation By Social Insects : Ecological, Behavioral, and Theoretical Approaches

Measuring the Adaptiveness of Social Insect Foraging Strategies: An Empirical Approach, N.E. Raine and L. Chittka Social Cues and Adaptive Foraging Strategies in Ants, C. Detrain and J.-L. Deneubourg Individual and Social Foraging in Social Wasps, R.L. Jeanne and B.J. Taylor Season-Dependent Foraging Patterns: Case Study of a Neotropical Forest-Dwelling Ant (Pachycondyla striata Ponerinae), F.N. S. Medeiros and P.S. Oliveira Foraging Range and the Spatial Distribution of Worker Bumble Bees, D. Goulson and J.L. Osborne How to Tell Your Mates: Costs and Benefits of Different Recruitment Mechanisms, M. Beekman and A. Dussutour Social Information Use in Foraging Insects, E. Leadbeater and L. Chittka Local Enhancement, Local Inhibition, Eavesdropping, and the Parasitism of Social Insect Communication, W.O. H. Hughes and E.J. Slaa The Role of Scents in Honey Bee Foraging and Recruitment, J. Reinhard and M.V. Srinivasan Trophallaxis: A Mechanism of Information Transfer, W.M. Farina and C. Gruter Mobilizing the Foraging Force: Mechanical Signals in Stingless Bee Recruitment, M. Hrncir Chemical Communication During Food Exploitation in Stingless Bees, S. Jarau The Use of Scent Marks by Foraging Bumble Bees, D. Goulson Information Transfer and the Organization of Foraging in Grass- and Leaf-Cutting Ants, F. Roces and M. Bollazzi An Evolutionary Simulation of the Origin of Pheromone Communication, Y. Nakamichi and T. Arita Mathematical and Neural Network Models of Medium-Range Navigation During Social Insect Foraging, A. Cheung Social Insects and the Exploitation of Food Sources: Concluding Thoughts, S. Jarau and M. Hrncir Index
An Adenovirus Outbreak Associated with a Swimming Facility

Adenovirus is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects hosts across a broad spectrum of vertebrates [1]. Since its first isolation from human adenoid tissue and named for the tissue of origin in 1953, there have been more than 50 genotypes identified worldwide [2,3]. Adenovirus infection causes a variety of diseases with some genotype predisposition, including conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infection, and cystitis [4,5]. The clinical presentation ranges from mild self-limited illness to fatal infection [6]. A primary adenovirus infection may convey genotypespecific lifelong immunity to the human host [7].
Genetic regulation of the healthfulness of beef fatty acid composition

iv GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Thesis Organization 1 Literature Review 1 Fatty acids and health 1 Factors affecting beef fatty acid composition 3 Regulation of fatty acid synthesis 9 CHAPTER 1. DNA POLYMORPHISMS IN BOVINE FATTY ACID SYNTHASE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BEEF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION 24 Summary 25 Introduction 26 Materials and Methods 27 Results 31 Discussions 36 References 39 Tables 43 Figures 53 CHAPTER 2. ASSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHISM IN THE PROMOTER I OF BOVINE ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE-α GENE WITH BEEF LIPID CONTENT 55 Summary 56 Introduction 56 Materials and Methods 57 Results and Discussions 60 References 63 Tables 66