Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of former food products intended as alternative feed ingredients

Abstract The application of Former Food Products (FFPs) as feed ingredients is already documented in swine, as well as their beneficial nutritional value. To date, FFPs extra-nutritional bioactive effect in feed has not been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (AOC) in six samples of FFPs extracted by different solvent systems. After methanol and acetone extraction, total phenolic content and AOC were determined in FFPs and wheat sample (CTR) using Folin–Ciocalteu and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid)-ABTS assay, respectively. Results demonstrated that FFPs samples were characterised by an average amount of total phenolic content of 129.3 ± 15.1 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/100g in methanol extracts and 156.4 ± 25.8 mg TAE/100g in acetone extracts. Whereas, the ABTS assay revealed that FFPs showed also anAOC of 138.0 ± 14.3 mg Trolox Equivalent (TE)/100 g in methanol extracts and 173.3 ± 18.8 mg TE/100 g in acetone extracts. Former Food Products represent relevant sources of phenols and antioxidant compounds, which can be beneficial for animal health. Highlights Former Food Products (FFPs) reprocessing is a way to convert food losses into ingredients for animal diets; Valuable content of total phenolic compounds and notable antioxidant capacity were observed in FFPs after extraction with methanol and acetone; FFPs demonstrated to be a source of bioactive compounds with extra-nutritional activities which can be beneficial for animal health.
The influence of water percolation on flow of light non aqueous phase liquids in soil

Keywords ,: multi-phase flow, entrapment, numerical modeling, similarity solution, horizontal migration, percolation theory, relative permeability. In this thesis the physical behavior of Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPL) at the capillary fringe, is studied with multiphase flow models. Phenomena like a fluctuating water table or percolation of (infiltration) water have a large impact on this behavior. Both the geometry and the mobility of the LNAPL lens are affected. These two physical phenomena mentioned imply downwards and upwards water flow through the LNAPL lens. Different techniques were used in this investigation. Numerical calculations show that fluctuations of the phreatic groundwater level result in retardation of the horizontal migration of the LNAPL lens over the groundwater level. An expression is derived which quantifies the part of the simulated time during which the LNAPL can actually flow. This expression is implemented in an existing analytical solution that describes horizontal LNAPL migration, to enable that the effect of a fluctuating water level can be calculated analytically. Laboratory experiments are performed which verify these results. The effect of water flow through an LNAPL lens also affects the mobility of LNAPL. Numerical results show that both for upwards and for downwards water invasion of a lens, the mobility of the LNAPL has increased significantly. To obtain more qualitative insight on the pore scale, percolation theory is used. Percolation theory is applied to this problem and the appropriate series of drainage and imbibition processes are calculated to simulate the water percolation. The accompanying relative permeabilities show that the mobility increases after water percolation. Qualitative insight on the pore scale shows that the LNAPL is displaced to a larger amount of pore radii which advances the mobility of the LNAPL. This observation is in agreement with the numerical results.
High-Speed PIV Measurements of a Turbulent Boundary Layer at 80 kHz

This study reports the application of high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) to measure the mean and ﬂuctuating velocity components in a turbulent boundary layer over a body of revolution. A narrow wall-normal strip of the ﬂow ﬁeld was captured using a synchronised high-speed laser and camera at a recording frequency of up to 80 kHz. The resulting high-speed PIV statistical quantities were shown to compare well with dual-pulse high-resolution PIV. The high-speed PIV streamwise velocity energy spectra were also found to compare well with hot-wire annemometry measurements at matched conditions.
Anthropogenic Aerosols Dominate Forced Multidecadal Sahel Precipitation Change through Distinct Atmospheric and Oceanic Drivers

Sahel precipitation has undergone substantial multidecadal time scale changes during the twentieth century that have had severe impacts on the region’s population. Using initial-condition large ensembles (LE) of coupled general circulation model (GCM) simulations from two institutions, forced multidecadal variability is found in which Sahel precipitation declines from the 1950s to 1970s and then recovers from the 1970s to 2000s. This forced variability has similar timing to, but considerably smaller magnitude than, observed Sahel precipitation variability. Isolating the response using single forcing simulations within the LEs reveals that anthropogenic aerosols (AA) are the primary driver of this forced variability. The roles of the direct-atmospheric and the ocean-mediated atmospheric responses to AA forcing are determined with the atmosphere–land GCM (AGCM) components of the LE coupled GCMs. The direct-atmospheric response arises from changes to aerosol and precursor emissions with unchanged oceanic boundary conditions while the ocean-mediated response arises from changes to AA-forced sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations diagnosed from the AA-forced LE. In the AGCMs studied here, the direct-atmospheric response dominates the AA-forced 1970s − 1950s Sahel drying. On the other hand, the 2000s − 1970s wetting is mainly driven by the ocean-mediated effect, with some direct atmospheric contribution. Although the responses show differences, there is qualitative agreement between the AGCMs regarding the roles of the direct-atmospheric and ocean-mediated responses. Since these effects often compete and show nonlinearity, the model dependence of these effects and their role in the net aerosol-forced response of Sahel precipitation need to be carefully accounted for in future model analysis.
Hydroclimate changes over Sweden in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries: a millennium perspective

ABSTRACT Climate change poses additional risks for natural and human systems including the hydrological cycle, leading to altered temporal and spatial variation of hydroclimatic conditions. This work assessed the current understanding of the dryness and wetness conditions in Sweden over the last two millenniums based on proxy and instrumental data, as well as climate model simulations and projections until the end of the twenty-first century. The assessment represents a summary of the existing literature concerning analysis of four selected indices for dry/wet conditions relating to precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET), and soil moisture (SPEI, PDSI [including scPDSI], SPI, and AI). SPEI considers both precipitation and PET and can show hydroclimatic conditions at different time scales. Therefore, it was chosen to summarize the past and future changes. A focus is put on dry conditions, as drought has strong influences on groundwater which is an important freshwater resource for Sweden. The millennium historical perspective reveals that the current climate is relatively wet and the future would become even wetter as a general wetting trend started some 120 years ago. However, there have been and will be large variations of both dry and wet conditions on short time scales, especially on decadal and interannual time scales. Further, the changes since the 1950s show a regional pattern with most significant wetting in the north, a slightly overall wetting in the south but a drying in central-eastern part including the island of Gotland since 1981. This pattern is broadly consistent with climate model projections for the future.
Stability of hexagonal pattern in Rayleigh–Bénard convection for thermodependent shear-thinning fluids

Abstract Stability of hexagonal patterns in Rayleigh–Bénard convection for shear-thinning fluids with temperature-dependent viscosity is studied in the framework of amplitude equations. The rheological behaviour of the fluid is described by the Carreau model and the relationship between the viscosity and the temperature is of exponential type. Ginzburg–Landau equations including non-variational quadratic spatial terms are derived explicitly from the basic hydrodynamic equations using a multiple scale expansion. The stability of hexagonal patterns towards spatially uniform disturbances (amplitude instabilities) and to long wavelength perturbations (phase instabilities) is analysed for different values of the shear-thinning degree $\alpha$ of the fluid and the ratio $r$ of the viscosities between the top and bottom walls. It is shown that the amplitude stability domain shrinks with increasing shear-thinning effects and increases with increasing the viscosity ratio $r$. Concerning the phase stability domain which confines the range of stable wavenumbers, it is shown that it is closed for low values of $r$ and becomes open and asymmetric for moderate values of $r$. With increasing shear-thinning effects, the phase stability domain becomes more decentred towards higher values of the wavenumber. Beyond the stability limits, two different modes go unstable: longitudinal and transverse modes. For the parameters considered here, the longitudinal mode is relevant only in a small region close to the onset. The nonlinear evolution of the transverse phase instability is investigated by numerical integration of amplitude equations. The hexagon–roll transition triggered by the transverse phase instability for sufficiently large reduced Rayleigh number $\epsilon$ is illustrated.
Party Positions on Differentiated European Integration in the Nordic Countries: Growing Together, Growing Apart?

The Nordic countries constitute an interesting laboratory for the study of differentiated European Integration. Even though Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden share some historical, cultural, socio-economic and political characteristics, all those countries have ultimately opted for a different kind of relationship with the EU. Whereas Finland, a member of the Eurozone since its inception in 1999, has been considered to be part of the Union’s ‘inner core’ for quite some time, Iceland and Norway, in contrast, have opted to remain outside the EU albeit closely associated via the European Economic Area Agreement. The variation of relationships has also been reflected in Nordic parties’ positioning vis-à-vis European integration in general and differentiation of European integration in particular. Broadly speaking, party families can be distinguished along traditional (e.g., agrarian, Christian democratic, conservative, and social democratic) and modern (e.g., socialist left, green, and populist radical right) ideological orientations. Although political parties belonging to both the traditional and modern Nordic party families have adopted different stances on European differentiated integration, we would assume—against the backdrop of Nordic cooperation—higher levels of transnational cooperation in European matters. Consequently, this article examines the similarities and differences between parties belonging to the same ideological family, and the extent of transnational party cooperation in the Nordic countries. Drawing on a series of interviews conducted with party representatives as well as on official party documents, this article shows that although institutionalized party cooperation mostly reflects divisions between party families, such institutionalization does not include a common vision for European integration. We conclude that the low level of partisan Nordic integration is primarily caused by domestic-level factors, such as intra-party divisions, government participation and public opinion.
Tablet or Paper and Pen? Examining Mode Effects on German Elementary School Students’ Computation Skills with Curriculum-Based Measurements

: Progress monitoring of academic achievement is an essential element to prevent learning disorders. A prominent approach is curriculum-based measurement (CBM). Various studies have documented positive effects of CBM on students’ achievement. Nevertheless, the use of CBM is associated with additional work for teachers. The use of tablets may be of help here. Yet, although many advantages of computer- or tablet-based assessments are being discussed in the literature (e. g. innovative item formats, adaptive testing, automated scoring and feedback), there are still concerns regarding the comparability of different assessment modes (paper-pencil vs. tablet). In the study presented, we analyze the CBM data of 98 fourth graders. They processed the exact same computation items once with paper and pen and once in a tablet application. The analyses point to comparable results in the test modes, although some significant deviations can be found at item level. In addition, the children report perceived benefits when working with the tablet. a tablet-based the (no additional financial and time expenditure for and less pressure solving computation tasks for students), with comparable results for students.
Molecular Study and Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of some Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes (ESBL) of Klebsiella pneumpniae in Urinary Tract Infections

The present study included the collection of 121 samples from MSU for investigating the presence of K.pneumoniae in UTIs, the samples have been collected from Al-Shaheed Mohammed Baqir AL-Hakeem hospital and private laboratories in Baghdad province. The study was carried out through March 2019 to the beginning of June 2019. The samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopically characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing on number of culture media as well as biochemical tests, molecular identification were also used as a final diagnostic test for isolates that were positive as they belong to K.pneumoniae bacteria during previous tests based on the blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes which has specific sequences for K.pneumoniae bacteria as a detection gene and also consider as virulence factor so it have a synonyms mechanism to antibiotic resistance. The results of the final diagnosis showed that 38 isolates belong to target bacteria, The examination of the sensitivity of all bacterial isolates was done for selected 38 isolation towards the 16 antibiotics by a Vitek2 compact ASTN system and the isolates were resistant for a number of antibiotics used such as; Amikacin (5.26%), Imepenem (5.26%), Ertapenem (7.89%), Meropenem (10.52%), Gentamicin (21.05%), Ciprofloxacin (26.32%), Cefoxitin (39.47%), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (50%), Ceftriaxone (52.63%), Fosfomycin (55.26%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam (57.89%), Nitrofurantoin (57.89%), Ceftazidime (65.79%), Cefuroxime (71.05%), Cefixime (73.68%) and Ampicillin (100%). The presence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase genes in 38 K.pneumoniae isolates were 65.8 % of the ESBL genotypes expressed blaSHV genes followed by 52.6 % blaTEM and 42.1 % for blaCTX-M.
Factors Associated with Middle Managers’ Work Motivation: Evidence from SMEs in Vietnam

This study presents an exploratory investigation of SMEs in Vietnam to understand the impact of personal-level factors on middle managers’ work motivation and the moderating role of work environment. A survey of 450 middle managers (MMs) in 150 Hanoi’s SMEs was conducted. The findings of this research showed a significant positive impact of Achievement (ACHV), Recognition (RECOG), and Responsibility (RESP) on work motivation of MMs under the investigation. Furthermore, the result indicated that the work environment affects the relationship between personal-level factors and work motivation of participants. Consequently, both work environment improvement and strategies related to personal-level factors need to be taken into consideration. Especially, Recognition and transparency in Responsibility are appreciated in organizations with a low level of work environment satisfaction. However, there were no indications that Participation (PAR) and Communication (CMM) have a considerable impact on work motivation of respondents, being neither low level nor high level of work environment satisfaction. Based on the findings, recommendations are suggested for Vietnam’s SMEs to improve work motivation of MMs, by (i) developing standards with emphasis on their achievement, (ii) paying attention to organizational culture focusing on the responsibility of this managerial level, and (iii) building an adequate incentive system, especially non-financial incentives.
Comparative Analysis Reveals the Metabolic Characteristics of Astringent Seeds of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook) during Astringent Compounds Accumulation Stages

Research Highlights: The present study firstly reported the metabolic dynamics of astringent seed, a special type of abortion in Chinese fir, during the astringent material stages. The results provide a reference for further study on its occurrence mechanism and enrich the understanding of the plant seed developmental physiology. Background and Objectives: Astringent seed is a type of abortive phenomenon in Chinese fir, which significantly reduces the yield and quality of elite seeds for its high-incidence and indistinguishableness in seed orchard. Embryo defects can be observed in the astringent seed, accompanied with rapid accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, types of those metabolites in astringent seed, dynamic changes during seed growth process, and different accumulative characteristics compared to germinable seed have not been explained. Materials and Methods: Astringent and germinable seed samples were collected at four stages aim to determine the differences in their metabolic patterns. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection was used to generate the raw metabolic peaks. Bioinformatics statistical strategies were used to further investigation. Results: A total of 421 metabolites were screened and 112 metabolites were identified as the different expressive metabolites including 68 up-regulated and 44 down-regulated metabolites. Those different expressive metabolites were grouped into 26 classes. Flavone, flavonol, and amino acid derivatives compounds were the most varied metabolites. Four subcategories which could represent the diverse basic expressive patterns or accumulative activity in different sample groups were further clustered. Moreover, pathways related to biosynthesis/degradation/metabolism of flavonoid-like compounds, amino acid/nucleotides derivatives, zeatin, and IAA were clearly enriched. Conclusions: Significant metabolic differences were observed across and between astringent and germinable seeds 105 d after pollination. Massive accumulation of flavonoids-like compounds, significant reduction of amino acids/nucleotides and their derivatives, and the abnormal expression of phytohormones, lipids and other secondary metabolites are the main metabolic characteristics in astringent seeds.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BIOCHAR LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN PESTISIDA PADA INKUBASI TANAH INCEPTISOL UNTUK MENEKAN EMISI GAS METANA (CH4) SEBAGAI GAS RUMAH KACA

Methane (CH4) is one of the gases that cause global warming, which ranks second only to carbon dioxide (CO2). Naturally, peat lands, wetlands, and sediments in coastal areas are major source of methane gas in the atmosphere (Hardy, 2003). The use of biochar as a companion or replacement for pesticides in agricultural system can increase crop productivity and reduce the emission of methane (CH4) significantly. The research method used is an incubation inceptisol soil. Variables that were varied were the addition of agricultural waste biochar (without biochar, rice husks biochar and corn cobs biochar) and the addition of several types of pesticides like organophosphate insecticides, carbamate insecticides, pyrethroid insecticides, paraquat herbicides and bio-insecticides. The analysis of methane emissions by Gas Chromatography (GC), analysis of degree acidity (pH) using pH-meter and analysis of the number of bacteria at the end of the incubation period using Standard Plate Count (SPC). In the analysis of total methane emissions, the addition of rice husk biochar and without the addition of pesticides (P0B1) to the treatment, produced the largest emissions of methane (CH4) to 4.494 mg CH4/g soil (increase 348.7% ), and the treatment given to the addition of pyrethroid insecticides and rice husk biochar (P3B1) produced the lowest emissions at 0.011 mg CH4/g soil (reduce 98.9%). This incubation process takes place in the pH range 5.2 to 6.7. The population of bacteria in the end incubation, P3B2 treatment (addition of pyrethroid pesticides and biochar corn cobs) has largest population of bacteria which is equal to 4.2 x 108 the bacteria/mL, whereas the P2B1 treatment (addition of carbamate pesticides and rice husk biochar) has lowest population of bacteria about 3.5 x 106 bacteria / mL.
A Structured and Linguistic Approach to Understanding Recovery and Relapse in AA

Alcoholism, also known as Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), is a serious problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Recovery from AUD is known to be challenging and often leads to relapse at various points after enrolling in a rehabilitation program such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). In this work, we present a structured and linguistic approach using hinge-loss Markov random fields (HL-MRFs) to understand recovery and relapse from AUD using social media data. We evaluate our models on AA-attending users extracted from: (i) the Twitter social network and predict recovery at two different points—90 days and 1 year after the user joins AA, respectively, and (ii) the Reddit AA recovery forums and predict whether the participating user is currently sober. The two datasets present two facets of the same underlying problem of understanding recovery and relapse in AUD users. We flesh out different characteristics in both these datasets: (i) In the Twitter dataset, we focus on the social aspect of the users and the relationship with recovery and relapse, and (ii) in the Reddit dataset, we focus on modeling the linguistic topics and dependency structure to understand users’ recovery journey. We design a unified modeling framework using HL-MRFs that takes the different characteristics of both these platforms into account. Our experiments reveal that our structured and linguistic approach is helpful in predicting recovery in users in both these datasets. We perform extensive quantitative analysis of different groups of features and dependencies among them in both datasets. The interpretable and intuitive nature of our models and analysis is helpful in making meaningful predictions and can potentially be helpful in identifying and preventing relapse early.