Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ventilatory Sensitivity to Ambient CO2 at Different Hibernation Temperatures in Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus)

Mammals entering hibernation undergo drastic reductions in metabolic rate and body temperature (Tb; to as low as ∼2% of euthermic metabolic rate and 1°C to −2°C). Although ventilation (V˙E) is also greatly reduced in hibernating ground squirrels, their relative ventilatory response (%ΔV˙E) to increases in inspired CO2 (∼400% increase to 7% CO2) dwarfs that of euthermic squirrels (∼60% increase). On the basis of data from earlier studies on hypothermic animals, we hypothesized that this switch in apparent ventilatory sensitivity was the result of the change in state (from euthermic to hibernating) and not due to the change in core Tb. Thus, we used whole-body plethysmography to assess the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) in thirteen-lined ground squirrels in steady-state hibernation at 20°C, 15°C, 10°C, 7°C, and 5°C. With the transition into hibernation as Tb fell, the breathing pattern became irregular and then episodic. Total V˙E and the oxygen consumption rate (V˙O2) decreased progressively as Tb fell. Hibernating squirrels with a core Tb of 20°C increased V˙E by 150% from normocapnic levels when given 7% CO2 to breathe, while squirrels with a Tb of 7°C increased V˙E by 650% when exposed to the same inspired CO2. When Tb was cooled from 7°C to 5°C, however, the increase in the HCVR fell to 450% and was associated with a rise in V˙O2 and total V˙E. These results reveal progressive changes in breathing pattern and the HCVR with decreasing Tb and suggest that the effects of hibernation state may be Tb dependent. V˙E did not fall in proportion to metabolic rate, and the HCVR increased progressively in both absolute terms and relative terms until a Tb of 7°C, both of which potentially constrain the extent of the metabolic suppression.
Do the Preceding Self-service Technologies Influence Mobile Banking Adoption?

The study aims to identify the role of preceding self-service technologies (SSTs) in the adoption of mobile banking (m-banking). More specifically, the study examines the impact of attitude (AT), perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of online banking (o-banking) and ATM in the adoption of m-banking. By using the non-probability purposive sampling technique, the data was gathered through a structured questionnaire from the non-users of m-banking. The partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was employed on 257 useful responses to assess the hypotheses. The findings provided evidence that the AT towards ATMs and o-banking significantly affects the AT towards m-banking (ATMB). Moreover, the PEOU of ATM and o-banking significantly affects the PEOU of m-banking. However, in the case of PU, only the usefulness of o-banking affects the usefulness of m-banking. The results also reveal that the AT, PEOU and PU of m-banking affect the intention to adopt m-banking (IMB). The study benefits the banking industry as it provides insights on how banks can use their preceding SSTs in developing a consumer’s intention to use m-banking. This is one of the early studies that considers the effect of PEOU and PU of previous SSTs on the adoption of m-banking. The multi-channel perspective, that is, ATMs and o-banking in the adoption of m-banking, also offers additional valuable insights and contributes to the literature of technology adoption. In the past, studies have not focused on the spillover effects of preceding SSTs. However, mature channels could be used in boosting a new channel.
The multidimensionality of public support for basic income: a vignette experiment in Belgium

ABSTRACT Despite the much-increased political salience of basic income in recent years, we still know relatively little about its public support. The current article contributes to existing knowledge by studying public support for basic income from a multidimensional perspective, using a vignette experiment that charts popular support for a broad range of differently designed types of basic income. The results demonstrate that support for basic income is indeed inherently multidimensional, for three main reasons. First, some types of basic income are more popular than others, especially those that are conditional and equity-based. Second, people make significant trade-offs between various policy design dimensions and the deservingness criteria associated with them. Third, there are important differences in the types of basic income preferred by specific ideological groups: while left-wing people differentiate little between various proposals, their right-wing counterparts clearly prefer more-restrictive proposals. By situating these findings in a comparative perspective, the article proposes a novel conceptual framework, which postulates that the multidimensionality of support for basic income is context dependent. From a policy point-of-view, this is relevant in light of the crucial role played by public opinion in determining the political feasibility of implementing some form of basic income in a real-world setting.
Perceived Benefits and Costs of Empowerment: Conceptualization, Measure Development, and Its Impact on Empowering Leadership

Despite the benefits associated with empowering employees, some leaders are reluctant to do so. From a decision-making perspective, this may be due to leaders’ perception that empowerment also has potential costs. In this manuscript, we frame the role of leader as decision-maker, advancing the idea that empowering leadership behavior is a function of leaders’ perceptions of both the benefits and costs of empowerment. Using five unique samples of supervisors (and, in two samples, their direct reports), we identify the specific content areas associated with leaders’ perceptions of the benefits and costs of empowerment, create and validate measures of perceived benefits and costs, and test its relationship with empowering leadership. Results revealed five categories of perceived benefits and six categories of perceived costs of empowerment and provided support for the factor structure and reliability of our measures. Results from two field studies provide mixed support for the relationship between perceptions of empowerment's benefits and costs and empowering leadership; although perceived costs consistently influenced empowerment behaviors, perceived benefits were significantly related to empowerment behaviors in one sample but not the other. We discuss implications of these findings for empowering leadership research and theory, and managerial practice.
The Effect of Temperature and Water Stresses on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Temperature and moisture are essential factors in germination and seedling growth. The purpose of this research was to assess the germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds under various abiotic stressors. It was conducted in the Agronomy Institute of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary. Six distinct temperature levels were used: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C. Stresses of drought and waterlogging were quantified using 25 water levels based on single-milliliter intervals and as a percentage based on thousand kernel weight (TKW). Seedling density was also tested. Temperature significantly influenced germination duration and seedling development. 20 °C was ideal with optimal range of 15 °C to less than 25 °C. Germination occurred at water amount of 75% of the TKW, and its ideal range was lower and narrower than the range for seedling development. Seed size provided an objective basis for defining germination water requirements. The current study established an optimal water supply range for wheat seedling growth of 525–825 percent of the TKW. Fifteen seeds within a 9 cm Petri dish may be preferred to denser populations.
Management of Ellis Class IV Fracture Using Two Different Materials: MTA vs Reverse Cone Technique: A Case Report

During root development, if tooth is subjected to trauma or caries, it results in tooth with immature and open root apices. The primary factor affecting the success of endodontics is achievement of perfect apical seal. Apexification is done to achieve an apical barrier against which the obturating material can be condensed. Various treatment modalities are used to treat immature open root apices. In the following case reports, apexification using different treatment modalities and both traditional and newer biomaterials have been explained.
Life-Course Influence of Adolescent Behaviour Problems on Type 2 Diabetes in Midlife: Results from 1958 British Birth Cohort Study

Purpose To assess whether there is a long-term relationship between childhood behaviour problems and type 2 diabetes in midlife. The study will also investigate whether any of such relationship is independent of other factors which may be associated with type 2 diabetes. Design Cohort study. Participants A total of 9377 members of the 1958 British birth cohort participated in the biomedical survey at age 45 years. The cohort has been followed up at regular intervals in childhood (age 7, 11 and 16 years) and adulthood (23, 33, 42 and 45 years). Predictor Variables Information regarding childhood behaviour collected during follow-ups at ages 7, 11 and 16 years. Main Outcome Variables Type 2 diabetes assessed using HbA1c at age 45 years. Results Unadjusted estimates show that teachers reported adolescent behaviour problems at age of 16 are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in midlife. After adjustment for potential confounders and mediators in childhood and adulthood, a relationship was observed between the severity of adolescent behaviour problems and type 2 diabetes risk in midlife (mild behaviour problems: OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.11–4.23; severe behaviour problems: OR 4.40, 95% CI 1.14–16.99). However, no such relationship was observed between behaviour problems at 7 and 11 years and type 2 diabetes in midlife. Conclusion There is an association between adolescent behaviour problems and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in midlife. Further molecular/genetic studies are required to understand the biological basis for this observed association.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Its Predictors Among Preterm Neonates Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Gurage Zone Public Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021

Background Necrotizing Enter colitis (NEC) is the most common multifactorial and devastating gastrointestinal emergency which primarily affects premature infants. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and its associated factors among preterm neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Gurage Zone hospitals. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed. The simple Random Sampling Technique was applied to collect the data using a structured questionnaire. Data were cleaned, checked for inconsistencies, coded and entered via EPI data 3.1, and exported to Stata version 14 for further analysis. The data were processed by Stata 14 to estimate the prevalence of necrotizing enterocolitis. Results The prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis among neonates was 28 (9.7%) 95% CI of 6. 8–13.7%. Birth weight (AOR: 7.33 95% CI (2.04: 26.38)), presence of maternal infection (AOR: 6.09, 95% CI (1.31:28.26)), length of hospital stay (AOR: 3.28, 95% CI (1.20, 8.96)), and initiating trophic feeding (AOR: 5.89, 95% CI (2.27: 15.33)) were associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Conclusion The prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis among preterm neonates was significant and special attention is needed for premature neonates with low birth weight and born from mothers with infection during pregnancy. Minimizing the length of hospital stay will be very useful to prevent the occurrence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.
Low Percentage of Vegetable Fat in Red Blood Cells Is Associated with Worse Glucose Metabolism and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes

The identification of nutritional patterns associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) might help lead the way to a more efficient and personalized nutritional intervention. Our study is aimed at evaluating the association between fatty acids (FA) in red blood cell (RBC) membranes, as a quantitative biomarker of regular dietary fat intake, and incident type 2 diabetes in a Spanish population. We included 1032 adult Spaniards (57% women, age 49 ± 15 years, 18% prediabetes), without diabetes at study entry, from the Di@bet.es cohort. Incident diabetes was diagnosed at the end of the study follow-up. The FA percentage in RBC was determined at baseline by gas chromatography. Participants were followed on average 7.5 ± 0.6 years. Lower percentages of linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and higher percentages of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in RBC membranes were associated, independently of classical risk factors, with worse glucose metabolism at the end of the study follow-up. In addition, higher percentages of ALA and EPA, and moderate percentages of DHA, were associated with lower risk of diabetes. No significant associations were found for LA and diabetes risk. Dietary patterns rich in vegetables are independently associated with lower risk of both deterioration of glucose regulation and incident diabetes, and should be reinforced for the prevention of diabetes.
Acute Limb Ischemia in Cogan Syndrome

Patient: Male, 50-year-old Final Diagnosis: Cogan’s Syndrome • vascular ischemia • vasculitis Symptoms: Change in extremity temperature • extremity pain • pulselessness Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: General and Internal Medicine • Rheumatology Objective: Rare disease Background: Cogan syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder associated most frequently with ocular, vestibular, and auditory involvement from presumed small vessel vasculitis. Cogan syndrome, in a significant proportion of patients, can progress to systemic symptoms, including gastrointestinal, neurologic, and musculoskeletal manifestations. Large-vessel involvement has also been described in some cases (eg, aortitis), but acute limb ischemia in the setting of this illness has been infrequently reported. Case Report: We present a rare case of Cogan syndrome complicated by acute vascular ischemia of the left upper extremity. A 50-year-old man presented with symptoms of severe acute pain and weakness of the left arm. The patient endorsed a diagnosis of Cogan syndrome 4 years prior in the setting of unilateral left-sided hearing loss and bilateral uveitis. A physical examination revealed pallor of the left forearm and pulselessness at the wrist. Computed tomography angiography was suggestive of vasculitis and concerns for embolic occlusion of several arterial structures of the left upper limb. After consultation with various specialists, the patient was treated with high-dose steroids, anticoagulants, and topical nitroglycerin and experienced significant clinical improvement. Conclusions: Treatment of Cogan syndrome with severe systemic manifestations depends on the organ involvement and degree of extension. Our patient’s presentation serves as an impressive example of systemic vasculitis with subsequent acute ischemia in the setting of this rare autoimmune disorder. In such a case, given the potential for life- or limb-threatening systemic vascular catastrophes, emergent interventions (including imaging, anticoagulation, and specialist involvement) are required to prevent untoward outcomes.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Identification Based on Objective Facial and Tongue Features: A Delphi Study and a Diagnostic Nomogram for Blood Stasis Constitution

Objective The aim of this study was to systematically summarize and form an expert consensus on the theoretical experience of tongue and facial features for the identification of nine types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution. Additionally, we sought to explore the feasibility of TCM constitution identification through objective tongue and facial features. Methods We used Delphi method to investigate the opinions of experts on facial and tongue feature items for identifying TCM constitution. We developed and validated a diagnostic nomogram for blood stasis constitution (BSC) based on objective facial and tongue features to demonstrate the reliability of expert consultation. Results Eleven experts participated in two rounds of expert consultation. The recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 100.0% and 90.9%. After the first round, 39 items were screened out from 147 initial items, and 2 items were supplemented by experts. In the second round, 7 items were eliminated, leaving 34 items for 8 types of TCM constitution. The coefficient of variation in the first round was 0.11–0.49 for the 147 items and 0.11–0.29 for the included items. The coefficient of variation in the second round was 0.10–0.27 for the 41 items and 0.10–0.20 for the included items. The W value was 0.548 (P < 0.001) in the first round and 0.240 (P < 0.001) in the second round. Based on expert consultation, we selected BSC as an example and developed and validated a diagnostic nomogram consisting of six indicators: sex, hair volume, lip color-dark purple, susceptibility-facial pigmentation/chloasma/ecchymosis, zygomatic texture-red blood streaks, and sublingual vein-varicose and dark purple. The nomogram showed good discrimination (AUC: 0.917 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.877–0.956] for the primary dataset, 0.902 [95% CI, 0.828–0.976] for the validation dataset) and good calibration. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusion This is the first study to systematically summarize the existing knowledge and clinical experience to form an expert consensus on the tongue and facial features of nine types of TCM constitution. Our results will provide important prior knowledge and expert experience for future constitution identification research. Based on expert consultation, this study presents a nomogram for BSC that incorporates objective facial and tongue features, which can be conveniently used to facilitate the individualized identification of BSC.
Elevated Serum Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review and Potential Therapeutic Interventions

Several landmark studies found a relationship between elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In fact, the association between hyperuricemia and hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease (CAD), and heart failure (HF) is currently well-established. While the mechanism linking hyperuricemia and CVD is not fully known, a systemic inflammatory response by the host is believed to play a role. With the goal of decreasing the morbidity and mortality of CVD in patients with hyperuricemia, the focus has now turned to properly optimizing a medication regimen for this patient population. Recent studies have shown that controlling underlying inflammation can, in fact, lead to better cardiovascular outcomes for populations with acute and chronic coronary disease. In this paper, we will discuss the current state of understanding on the association of hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, we will look into the most recent clinical trials showing the effects anti-inflammatory medications have on both decreasing and recovering from cardiovascular events. We will conclude with a discussion on, given the information mentioned above, how to properly optimize a medication regimen in patients with elevated SUA levels with a focus on decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with CVD.
Tensile and compressive damage assessment of a novel sandwich composite structure made of Kevlar/flax/epoxy hybrid laminates

This is a study to quantify damage progression of a new Kevlar/flax/epoxy (KFE) hybrid composite made with 12 layers of pure flax fiber fabric sandwiched between 4 layers of pure Kevlar fiber weave. There were four versions of the composite: 0° unidirectional, 0°/90° cross-ply, ± 45° angle-ply flax fibers, and Kevlar fibers-only as the control. Composite plates were subjected to progressive load-unload levels in tension and compression until failure and were evaluated for stiffness degradation, permanent strain, and crack density. Unidirectional KFE laminates exhibited less damage accumulation compared to cross ply and angle ply configurations. Damage progression and failure of KFE hybrids mainly involved cracks through flax fiber bundles and at flax fiber/epoxy interfaces. The reported data are useful for damage-limited design structures made from a combination of natural and synthetic fibers.
Vericiguat in Heart Failure with a Reduced Ejection Fraction: Patient Selection and Special Considerations

Abstract With improvement in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), several drug classes have been developed targeting the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, the beta adrenergic system, and to a certain extent the nitric oxide pathway. Recently, the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors has resulted in a reduction in heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular death. As a result, SGLT-2 inhibitors are now the fourth drug class recommended as part of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HFrEF. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators, such as vericiguat, are a novel therapy targeting the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway with downstream effects including smooth muscle cell relaxation and a reduction in hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis. The recently published VICTORIA trial has demonstrated a reduction in heart failure hospitalizations or cardiovascular death with vericiguat. Patients with a baseline N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) values <8000 pg/mL may identify a sub-group most likely to benefit with addition of vericiguat. The cumulative benefit of quadruple therapy with the addition of sGC stimulators remains unknown. We review the mechanism of action for sGC stimulators, clinical trial data, and their real-world application to HFrEF patients with consideration of quintuple therapy.