Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OF SOME PROBLEMATIC WEEDS OF WHEAT BY METABOLITES OF Drechslera sp. PREPARED IN MALT EXTRACT MEDIUM

Present study was designed to evaluate the herbicidal activity of metabolites of four Drechslera species viz. D. australiensis, D. hawaiiensis, D. biseptata and D. holmii (prepared in malt extract broth) against some problematic weeds of wheat namely Rumex dentatus, Phalaris minor and Avena fatua in 2009. Metabolites of Drechslera spp. were employed in 100% (original) and 50% concentrations. These metabolites wrought appreciable reduction in the germination of test weed’s seeds by 3-72%. Original metabolites of all the fungal species significantly reduced shoot length and biomass by 39-72% and 30-70%, respectively. Metabolites of D. australiensis D. hawaiiensis and D. biseptata showed pronounced phytotoxic activity against all tested weeds, D. holmii appeared to be least effective. Root growth was more susceptible to metabolites than shoot growth. The metabolites of Drechslera spp. reduced 56-97% and 27-92% in root and shoot biomass, respectively. The present study concludes that metabolites of all the tested Drechslera spp. contain phytotoxic constituents that can be used as benign method of weed control alternative to synthetic chemical herbicides for management of some weeds of wheat. Further studies regarding the isolation of effective ingredients are in progress.
Microfluidic Reactor for Continuous Flow Biotransformations with Immobilized Enzymes: the Example of Lactose Hydrolysis by a Hyperthermophilic β_cont;‐Glycoside Hydrolase

A microfluidic reactor was developed for continuous flow biocatalytic transformations with immobilized enzymes. The microreaction device integrated a microstructured multichannel plate fabricated by microinjection molding from liquid silicon rubber material, with an appropriately interfaced and temperature‐controlled housing. Enzyme immobilization was carried out under flow conditions using the fully assembled microreactor. Covalent protein attachment was utilized, via cross‐linking with glutardialdehyde onto the amino‐silanized microstructured surface of the reaction plate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and continuous flow enzyme kinetic studies were employed to characterize the immobilization of a thermophilic β‐glycoside hydrolase. SEM analysis revealed enzyme binding in aggregated clusters, preferentially around passive mixing elements that were introduced in an alternating left‐and‐right pattern along each microchannel. Using an immobilization protocol optimized with respect to the pH in each step, about 1600 units of activity were bound per m2 of microstructure. Although retention of activity in the surface‐bound enzyme was only 3–4 %, the Michaelis‐Menten constant for lactose was similar (≈ 70 mM) in free and immobilized hydrolase. The free energy of activation for lactose hydrolysis (Ea) was decreased from 72 kJ/mol in the free enzyme to 38 kJ/mol in the immobilized enzyme. Covalent attachment of the enzyme onto the microchannel walls via a dendrimeric linker restored the original Ea value. The immobilized enzyme microreactor was used for continuous conversion of 100 mM lactose at 80 °C and operated at a stable substrate conversion of 60 % for five days.
Winter Activity of the Sonoran Desert Tortoise (Gopherus morafkai) in Central Arizona

Abstract Little is known regarding the activity of desert tortoises during winter, especially for the Sonoran Desert Tortoise (Gopherus morafkai). We observed adult, juvenile, and hatchling G. morafkai active during November, December, January, and February at 3 field sites in upland Sonoran Desert in central Arizona. At 1 site all individuals under observation (n = 36), including males, females, and hatchlings, emerged from hibernacula to drink during the first heavy (> 20 mm) rainfall event (December); at all 3 sites, females were observed active (basking, foraging) during winter much more frequently than were males.
Financial Globalization vs. Income Inequality: The Surprising Role of Delegated Portfolio Flows in Taming the Top 1%

We document a surprising finding that foreign portfolio inflows delegated through global mutual funds reduce the income of the top 1%. To rationalize this observation, we utilize a comprehensive database on the worldwide ownership of private and public firms for 2001–2013 to trace income inequality to its micro foundation of sales revenue accrued to rich families. We find that large delegated foreign inflows induce local rich families to sell concentrated yet profitable assets, consistent with a diversification channel through which financial globalization mitigates income inequality. Alternative mechanisms fail to explain these findings. Our results have important normative implications.
Lineages in early paleogene calcareous nannoplankton

A detailed study of the ultrastructure of Paleocene-Middle Eocene calcareous nannofossils has led to the recognition of evolutionary lineages comprising 16 genera and 110 species. The lineages have been established on the basis of evidence from floras derived from closely sampled sections in Spain, Israel, Denmark and Sweden. Information about the ultrastructure of species, and the relations between species, was gained by investigating selected specimens in the Scanning Electron Microscope, and by studying others with a polarization microscope equipped with a gypsum plate. The latter microscope showed up the extinction- and colour patterns of the specimens. The principles and applicability of the latter technique are discussed. It is argued that statements about the evolution of calcareous nannoplankton are necessarily speculative due to the nature of the fossil material and the method of study. Attention was given to the floras in the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary interval. In this paper it is proposed to define the lower boundary of the lowest nannofossil zone of the Tertiary by the mass occurrence of Braarudosphaera bigelowii and/or Thoracosphaera operculata. With a few possible exceptions, efforts to detect the Cretaceous ancestors of Tertiary taxa were fruitless. The Standard Zonation for the Tertiary was applied for the biostratigraphic subdivision of the investigated sequences. The established lineages added to the refinement of this zonation, as most of the zonal markers belong to the lineages. Additional and, in some cases, new information is given about the ultrastructure and optical behaviour of all taxa encountered. Several new descriptive terms are introduced and some new combinations are made. Nine new species are described: Biscutum parvulum, Braarudosphaera alta, Cruciplacolithus edwardsii, Cruciplacolithus latipons, Fasciculithus bitectus, Fasciculithus magnicordis, Rhomboaster intermedia, Rhomboaster bitrifida and Zygodiscus clausus.
Stability of Some Phenolic Antioxidants and Linoleic Acid in Solution Under Microwave and Convectional Heating Conditions

The stability of linoleic acid and some phenolic antioxidants such as rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, sesamol, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were investigated when they are heated individually or in mixture at 60oC under microwave or convectional heating conditions. Concentrations of the compounds were measured by HPLCDAD as a function of heating time up to a total time of 37 hours. Rosmarinic acid, sesamol, δ-tocopherol and αtocopherol were quite stable to both heating methods. Carnosic acid was found to be the most sensitive antioxidant among the seven compounds studied against heating. In general, the compounds are more stable under microwave heating than convectional heating. Furthermore, heating in the mixture decreased the loss of many of the compounds under study compared to the loss upon heating them alone. Thus, it can be concluded that microwave heating is more advantageous than convectional heating in preventing the loss of linoleic acid, carnosic acid and γ-tocopherol, especially when they are heated alone.
Phylogenetic Relationships between and within Phacelia Sections Whitlavia and Gymnobythus (Boraginaceae)

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships between and within Phacelia sections Whitlavia and Gymnobythus are inferred based on nuclear ribosomal DNA [5.8S, and flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2] and chloroplast DNA (rpl16 intron) sequences. These two sections share morphological characters and have been thought to be closely related. The purpose of this study is to test whether each of the two sections is monophyletic as well as whether they form sister clades. Our results indicate that section Gymnobythus is monophyletic, and members of section Whitlavia form two clades that correspond to subsections previously suggested by Gillett. In the ITS dataset, the two Whitlavia groups are not sister clades, but there is little support for their placement. The rpl16 and rpl16 + ITS combined datasets provide resolution and strong support for monophyly of both sections. Both datasets indicate hybridization or a recent divergence between Phacelia parryi and Phacelia minor, as well as a close alliance between Phacelia longipes and Phacelia campanularia.
Crecimiento de juveniles de congrio colorado Genypterus chilensis en condiciones de cultivo

The cusk eel Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) is a fish demanded by the Chilean market. Their catches have remained under 1,000 ton per year in the decade 2000-2010, at a price of US$7 kg -1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of first generation juveniles produced by wild parents in culture conditions. Growth of 128 juveniles was estimated for five months in the hatchery of CIMARQ, Valparaiso, Chile, distributed into five size groups in tanks with seawater (35 g L -1 ), and temperature range: 12-14°C. Initial averages weight ranging from lower to the larger group 4 g (11 cm) to 23 g (18 cm). They were fed with commercial marine fish pellets. Total length, weight, estimated average, percentage of weight growth, specific growth rate, coefficient of thermal growth and feed conversion rate were monthly measured. The lower group at 5 months reached an average of 16 ± 7 g (16 ± 2 cm) and the largest group 75 ± 17 g (27 ± 6 cm). Their monthly average were adjusted with R 2 = 0.9 to the equations P = 3,845e 0,300t and P=20,63e 0,240t . Monthly feed conversion rates ranged from 8.6 to 0.3 at month 5 for the lower group and from 0.6 to 0.2 for the larger. Projected growth from the initial weight of 4 and 23 g to harvest weight of 2 kg could be obtained between 26 and 18 months for the smaller and larger group respectively.
Intersectionality 101

The concept of “intersectionality” refers to the interactivity of social identity structures such as race, class, and gender in fostering life experiences, especially experiences of privilege and oppression. This essay maps out the origins, evolution, and many contemporary meanings of intersectionality to make a notoriously ambiguous idea more concrete. In addition, the author clarifies the tenets of the intersectionality literature by contrasting traditional and intersectional research on marketplace diversity along three dimensions: ontology, methodology, and axiology. The essay concludes with implications for radicalizing diversity research, marketing, and advocacy.
On the carbohydrate metabolic response to an experimental infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (swine dysentery) in pigs

The carbohydrate metabolic response to experimentally induced swine dysentery was studied in crossbreed pigs. Twelve pigs, with a mean weight of ~20 kg, were orally inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae strain B204. After an incubation period of 6-20 days, five animals developed swine dysentery with haemorrhagic diarrhoea and two animals developed non-haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Five animals remained healthy throughout the study. Blood samples from the animals with clinical signs of disease were collected before inoculation, several times during the course of the dysentery and finally after recovery. Blood samples from animals that remained healthy were obtained before inoculation and at slaughter four weeks later. Glucose, lactate and cortisol concentrations did not differ between sampling occasions in the healthy animals. In the sick animals, higher concentrations were observed when haemorrhagic diarrhoea occurred (mean peak value Â± SD: glucose 7.6 Â± 0.7 mmol/L; lactate 4.5 Â± 1.7 mmol/L; cortisol 278 Â± 86 nmol/L) compared to before inoculation (mean value Â± SD: glucose 5.1 Â± 1.2 mmol/L; lactate 1.3 Â± 0.5 mmol/L; cortisol 24 Â± 11 nmol/L). At slaughter, tissue samples from m. biceps femoris, m. longissimus dorsi, myocardium and liver were collected from 10 pigs and glycogen analysis was performed. Glycogen concentrations did not differ between the healthy pigs and those that developed swine dysentery: concentrations were highest in the liver and lowest in the heart. In conclusion, experimental infection with B. hyodysenteriae results in alteration of the carbohydrate metabolism, which is characterised by a transient increase in blood glucose and lactate concentrations during the initial phase of the haemorrhagic period of the disease.
Nutrient management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)-based cropping systems

A field experiment was conducted on clayey soils during the rainy seasons of 1999-2003 at Parbhani, to study nutrient management in cotton (Grossypium hirsutum L.)-based intercropping systems. Sole cotton re- corded significantly higher seed-cotton yield than cotton + blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) and cotton + soy- bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] intercropping systems. However, highest and significant cotton-equivalent yields were recorded in cotton + blackgram intercropping, followed by cotton + soybean than sole crop of cotton. Fur- ther, yield of seed cotton, intercrop and cotton equivalent were enhanced significantly with every higher fertilizer level and highest values were recorded with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). The performance of cotton + blackgram (1:l) with 100% RDF was better than all the treatments for cotton-equivalent yield and net monetary returns. The uptake of NPK by cotton was significantly more under sole cotton and cotton intercropped with blackgram than the cotton intercropped with soybean. Application of 100% RDF recorded significantly higher NPK uptake by cotton than 75% and 50% RDF. Key words : + blackgram/soybean intercropping, Cotton-equivalent yield Cotton
Democracy is good for the poor: A procedural replication of Ross (2006)

Here I propose procedural replication as a method for diagnosing errors and omissions and identifying research artifacts in published studies. The goal of procedural replication is not to make substantive contributions so much as improve research practice, or how scientists go about doing science. This is accomplished by generating checklists of lessons learned that scholars can use to assess the reliability of new or existing studies, guide editorial reviews, and make scientific knowledge production more reliable. I demonstrate the method by implementing a procedural replication of Michael Ross’s controversial finding that democracy has no effect on child mortality. I find this null finding is an artifact of the way five-year averages were computed and the static nature of the preferred model. I demonstrate, using causal diagrams, how concerns about listwise deletion and selection bias affecting previous studies may have been overstated. I also provide a checklist with lessons learned.
Ectoparasitic crustaceans decreasing of fish populations from the Sava River

The Sava River is known as one of the most important hydro-ecosystem in Bosnia and Herzegovina . The present study was conducted in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina summer and autumn of 2013. Primary aim was to reveal which ectoparasitic from the Sava River and for that purpose total of 120 fish individuals were collected and analyzed. Study showed that sampled fish individuals belong to six fish families: Cyprinidae, Percidae, Siluridae, Ameiuridae, Esocidae and Gobiidae. Study also showed the presence species: Argulus foliaceus and Ergasilus sieboldi . on infected fish individuals as well as any relation between ectoparasitic of fish populations. : Sava River, Bosnia and Herzegovina, ectoparasitic crustaceans, Posavina.
Laying interruptions in tits Parus spp

Eyckerman 1980) for more information on the study areas). From the end of March onwards the nestboxes were routinely visited once a week continuing throughout the laying period of first clutches, but not always when second clutches were being laid. We therefore limit our analysis to first broods only. During the visit the nest contents were noted. If on two consecutive visits the clutch was covered with nesting material, and on a later visit a larger clutch was observed, we know the bird was still laying on the second visit, and it is possible to ascertain if eggs have been laid at daily intervals. Since it is conceivable that eggs can be miscounted we have only retained those nests in which at least two eggs were missing, assuming an egg should have been laid each day. We have expressed the interruptions we retained as a percentage of the number of first clutches recorded. It is a minimum figure because (1) interruptions of one day are not considered, and (2) the nests were only visited once a week. The effect of this latter factor is discussed in the next section. The data analysed here cover our observations over the period 1959-76.
Calcium Deficiency of Artichoke Buds in Relation to Salinity

Globe artichokes (Cynara scolymus L.) were grown for 2 years in artificially salinized field plots in the irrigated desert area near Brawley, Calif. Saline treatments were imposed by irrigation with waters that contained equal weights of NaCl and CaCl,. Increased incidence and severity of Ca deficiency in the inner bracts of artichoke buds were directly related to increased levels of salinity. The Ca-deficient bracts were subject to infection by species of Botrytis and Erwinia. The number of marketable artichokes was reduced 20% or more when irrigation water salinity exceeded 2.0 dS·m -1
Interviewer Variability

The possibility has long been recognised that two interviewers, asking the same question of the same respondent, might obtain different answers. Fifty years ago Rice (1929) described such an interviewer effect in a study of destitute men. Of two interviewers, one a prohibitionist tended to find respondents who attributed their condition to excessive drinking; the other a socialist tended to find destitutes who blamed the social and economic conditions of the time. This was, admittedly, an early sociological enquiry, lacking many of the standardising procedures of formal questionnaire design and interviewer training.
Replication past a trans-4-Hydroxynonenal Minor-Groove Adduct by the Sequential Action of Human DNA Polymerases ι and κ

ABSTRACT The X-ray crystal structure of human DNA polymerase ι (Polι) has shown that it differs from all known Pols in its dependence upon Hoogsteen base pairing for synthesizing DNA. Hoogsteen base pairing provides an elegant mechanism for synthesizing DNA opposite minor-groove adducts that present a severe block to synthesis by replicative DNA polymerases. Germane to this problem, a variety of DNA adducts form at the N2 minor-groove position of guanine. Previously, we have shown that proficient and error-free replication through the γ-HOPdG (γ-hydroxy-1,N 2-propano-2′-deoxyguanosine) adduct, which is formed from the reaction of acrolein with the N2 of guanine, is mediated by the sequential action of human Polι and Polκ, in which Polι incorporates the nucleotide opposite the lesion site and Polκ carries out the subsequent extension reaction. To test the general applicability of these observations to other adducts formed at the N2 position of guanine, here we examine the proficiency of human Polι and Polκ to synthesize past stereoisomers of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-deoxyguanosine (HNE-dG). Even though HNE- and acrolein-modified dGs share common structural features, due to their increased size and other structural differences, HNE adducts are potentially more blocking for replication than γ-HOPdG. We show here that the sequential action of Polι and Polκ promotes efficient and error-free synthesis through the HNE-dG adducts, in which Polι incorporates the nucleotide opposite the lesion site and Polκ performs the extension reaction.
Effect of Predaceous Mite Release Timing on Persea Mite (Acari:Tetranychidae) Populations in Avocado Orchards

The persea mite, Oligonychus perseae Tuttle, Baker, & Abbatiello, is a major pest of avocados, Persea americana var. drymifolia Blake (Lauraceae) in San Luis Obispo, Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Diego Counties of California. Two species of phytoseiids that specialize on spider mites, Galendromus helveolus and G. annectens, have been reared in California for control of persea mite. To determine a critical month to initiate releases of these preda-ceous mites for controlling persea mite, releases of 150 mites per tree (rate of 15,000 per acre) were made once during the third week of each of the five months of March through July at two sites, Camarillo and Somis, in Ventura County in 1996. Another treatment was the release of 5,000 mites each month from March through July (rate of 25,000 per acre). In Camarillo, the releases of predaceous mites every month from March until July and releases in April and May were most effective in reducing persea mite populations. The March, June, and July releases were less effective on most sample dates. However, all six treatments significantly reduced persea mite numbers when compared with the control in August and September. In Somis, the patterns of O. perseae populations among treatments were different than in Camarillo. April and May releases were not effective in Somis, whereas the March release resulted in significantly lower populations compared with the releases every month and the control on some dates. The different results at the two sites indicate location can be important in determining effectiveness of the predaceous mites. Although G. helveolus and G. annectens showed potential as effective biological control agents of persea mite when released in the appropriate months, effectiveness in Somis may have been limited by the inability of G. annectens to establish high populations within the orchard.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF NEEM SEED POWDER GRANULES AND THE INSECTICIDES AGAINST CHILO PARTELLUS SWIN. (PYRALIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) ON AUTUMN MAIZE

The comparison of efficacy of neem seed powder granules with some insecticides against Chilo partellus Swin. was carried out on autumn maize. Three dose rates of neem powder granules, viz., 10 kg, 12 kg and 14 kg / ha were applied as whorl application and were compared with recommended dose rates of cartap, carbofuran and Deltaphos. Damage percentage by C. partellus was recorded after application of neem granules and insecticides at economic threshold level. Plant characteristics at the time of application and green fodder and dry matter yield were recorded at harvest. Deltaphos treated plots showed minimum damage (11.0%), which was followed by the plots treated with carbofuran (12.0%) and cartap (13.0%), respectively. A damage of 18.0% was observed in plots treated with 10 kg Neem powder, however, the treatments with higher dose rates of neem granules (i.e., 12 and 14 kg / ha) showed further reduction in the extend of damage by C. partellus. Use of neem granules for the control of C. partellus is discussed.