Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of Phosphate Binder Used as Chronic Kidney Disease Therapy at General Hospital Dr. Iskak Tulungagung

: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can be defined as impaired kidney function that occurs for > 3 months or more. This was indicated by a decrease in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) (<60 ml/minute/ 1.73m 2 ). CKD stage 3 has frequent hyperphosphatemia, a complication of the disease. The effects of hyperphosphatemia are the bone mineral connection and tissue calcification process. Phosphate binder was one of the therapeutic options that can be used for hyperphosphatemia. This study aims to determine the design therapy of phosphate binders used by CKD patients at hospitalization services of General Hospital Dr. Iskak Tulungagung. Observational research and retrospective. The presentation data has used descriptive of the medical record patients CKD hospitalized in the period Juli to December 2017. Phosphate binder has been used as a single therapy without combination, 130 patients (77%) used calcium carbonate, while 11 patients (7%) used calcium acetate, and of 27 patients (16%) had received switching therapy. The hyperphosphatemia therapy regimen used more calcium carbonate orally (3x500mg) in 121 patients (62%) than calcium acetate orally (1x169mg) in 16 patients (8%).
Bee Pollination

The purpose of the chapter is to provide an exemplar of an inquiry-based unit on pollination for designing and implementing constructivist instructional practices while simultaneously providing outstanding teacher preparation. The unit on pollination was developed by preservice teachers through a partnership between the Monmouth Conservation Foundation and the Monmouth University School of Education. Through collective action, these institutions were able to enhance student learning on a vital part of the science curriculum, provide a rich clinical experience for pre-service teachers, and to familiarize teachers with a more constructivist approach to pre-school science instruction.
Comparison of Translation Techniques by Google Translate and U-Dictionary: How Differently Does Both Machine Translation Tools Perform in Translating?

Better translation produced by computation linguistics should be evaluated through linguistics theory. This research aims to describe translation techniques between Google Translate and U-Dictionary. The study used a qualitative research method with a descriptive design. This design was used to describe the occurrences of translation techniques in both translation machine, with the researchers serving as an instrument to compare translation techniques which is produced on machine. The data are from expository text entitled “Importance of Good Manners in Every Day Life”. The total data are 122 words/phrases which are pairs of translations, English as source language and Indonesia as target language. The result shows that Google Translate apply five of Molina & Albir’s (2002) eighteen translation techniques, while U-dictionary apply seven techniques. Google Translate dominantly apply literal translation techniques (86,8%) followed by reduction translation techniques (4,9%). U-dictionary also dominantly apply literal translation techniques (75,4%), but follows with the variation translation techniques (13,1%). This study showed that both machines produced different target texts for the same source language due to different applications of techniques, with U-dictionary proven to apply more variety of translation techniques than Google Translate. The researcher hopes this study can be used as an evaluation for improving the performance of machine translations.
Consumer Trust in Food and the Food System: A Critical Review

Increased focus towards food safety and quality is reshaping food purchasing decisions around the world. Although some food attributes are visible, many of the attributes that consumers seek and are willing to pay a price premium for are not. Consequently, consumers rely on trusted cues and information to help them verify the food quality and credence attributes they seek. In this study, we synthesise the findings from previous research to generate a framework illustrating the key trust influencing factors that are beyond visual and brand-related cues. Our framework identifies that consumer trust in food and the food system is established through the assurances related to individual food products and the actors of the food system. Specifically, product assurance builds consumer trust through food packaging labels communicating food attribute claims, certifications, country or region of origin, and food traceability information. In addition, producers, processors, and retailers provide consumers with food safety and quality assurances, while government agencies, third-party institutions, advocacy groups, and the mass media may modify how labelling information and food operators are perceived by consumers. We hope our framework will guide future research efforts to test these trust factors in various consumer and market settings.
Pilot Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Subjective and Contextual Factors Surrounding E-Cigarette and Combustible Tobacco Product Use among Young Adults

Background: Dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible tobacco products is common in young adults. We aimed to explore how ratings of subjective and contextual factors differed between discrete episodes of e-cigarette use vs. combustible tobacco product smoking among a sample of young adults. Methods: Young adults (N = 29, ages 18–30) who used e-cigarettes and ≥1 combustible tobacco product at least once weekly completed a 1-week smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Twice daily random prompts assessed past-15-min use of tobacco products, ratings of subjective factors (e.g., negative affect, craving), and contextual factors related to activity, location, and companionship. A multivariable GEE model assessed whether subjective or contextual factors were associated with e-cigarette vs. combustible tobacco product episodes. Results: 184 tobacco use episodes were reported (39.7% e-cigarette, 60.3% combustible tobacco product). High baseline cigarette dependence, as measured by the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence, was associated with lower odds of e-cigarette vs. combustible tobacco product episodes (aOR 0.01, 95% CI (0.002–0.08); p < 0.001). Neither between- or within-subjects negative affect or craving scores were associated with e-cigarette use. Activities of eating/drinking (aOR 0.20, 95% CI (0.08–0.49); p = 0.001) and being in the companionship of a person who smoked cigarettes (aOR 0.13, 95% CI (0.04–0.43); p = 0.001) were associated with lower odds of e-cigarette vs. combustible tobacco product use episodes. However, traveling (aOR 12.02, 95% CI (3.77–38.26); p ≤ 0.001) and being in a public space (aOR 2.76, 95% CI (1.10–6.96); p = 0.03) were associated with higher odds of e-cigarette than combustible tobacco product use episodes. Conclusions: This pilot data suggests that unique contextual factors may be associated with e-cigarette use, compared to combustible tobacco smoking in a sample of young adults who use both e-cigarettes and combustible tobacco products. Future research with larger samples is needed to better characterize varying contexts and cues for tobacco use among young adults who are dual users.
Research on Nonlinear Frequency Compression Method of Hearing Aid with Adaptive Compression Ratio

: To make full use of the residual audible frequency band of hearing-loss patients and improve the intelligibility of speech, an adaptive nonlinear frequency compression (NFC) algorithm is proposed, which amplifies signals below the cutoff frequency while compresses signals above the cutoff frequency. Firstly, high-frequency signals are decomposed to critical band signals according to the BARK scale. Secondly, the global compression ratio is determined according to the patient's cutoff frequency and maximum audible frequency. Thirdly, the sub-band compression ratio is adaptively determined based on the global compression ratio and normalized average energy of sub-band signals. Finally, the high frequency signals are transposed to low frequency bands by compression mapping, and the phases are adjusted to the same as the original low frequency signals. Experimental results of speech intelligibility with nine subjects demonstrate that compared to conventional amplitude amplification and nonlinear frequency compression algorithms the proposed algorithm significantly improves the intelligibility of initials and sentences, while not affects the intelligibility of finals and tones significantly.
Trade Credit

When businesses deliver a product or service, they often forego receiving immediate cash payment and allow their customers to pay later. Such payment terms are called trade credit. While trade credit fosters sales to existing and new customers, such credit is not free. The cost of trade credit to sellers is twofold: it creates repayment uncertainty and it increases the seller's financing cost. By extending trade credit, sellers effectively take on a banking role as they finance a portion of their customers' assets. This note explores and illustrates the trade-offs that businesses make regarding trade credit. Excerpt UVA-F-1941 Mar. 26, 2020 Trade Credit When businesses deliver a product or service, they often forego receiving immediate cash payment and allow their customers to pay later. Such payment terms are called trade credit. While trade credit fosters sales to existing and new customers, such credit is not free. The cost of trade credit to sellers is twofold: it creates repayment uncertainty and it increases the seller's financing cost (trade credit generates accounts receivables that need to be financed). By extending trade credit, sellers effectively take on a banking role as they finance a portion of their customers' assets. On the seller's balance sheet, this trade credit is found in the seller's accounts receivable balance, which the seller must finance. On the customer's balance sheet, this trade credit financing is found in the customer's accounts payable balance (which substitutes for other financing such as debt). The accounts payable for the customer is directly tied to the accounts receivable for the supplier. In this note we explore the trade-offs that businesses make regarding trade credit. We do this using the fictional case example of Ellie Mae Beazley and her start-up venture Gutterama. The Rise of Gutterama .
Sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate versus 4L split-dose polyethylene glycol for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy in high fibre diet African patients

Introduction an adequate bowel preparation is essential for good mucosal inspection during colonoscopy. This study aims to compare the efficacy of two validated oral lavage solutions for colonoscopy preparation in African patients. Methods a prospective observational study of patients undergoing colonoscopy in a referral endoscopy facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, using sodium picosulfate magnesium citrate (SPMC) and 4L split-dose polyethylene glycol (PEG). Variables collated were sociodemographic, primary indication, comorbidities, Aronchick bowel preparation scale, polyp/adenoma detection, caecal intubation and outcome. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results one hundred and twenty-four patients received PEG prior to colonoscopy and SPMC in 175 patients. The age range was from 22 to 92 years; mean age of 53.8 ± 14.2 years for PEG group and 55.3 ± 13.2 years for SPMC group (p=0.361). There were 215 males and 84 females. An excellent/good bowel preparation scale was recorded in 77 (62%) PEG group and 130 (74.3%) for SPMC group (p=0.592). PEG was predominantly used in the early years of endoscopists practice with the odds ratio (OR) of no polyp detection in the PEG vs SPMC groups as 1.64 (confidence interval CI 1.06-2.55) versus 0.76 (CI 0.62-0.92), respectively (p=0.016). For no adenoma detection, OR was 4.18 (CI 1.12-15.60) versus OR 0.63 (CI 0.52-0.75), respectively (p=0.012). Conclusion there is similar efficacy profile using either split volume PEG or SPMC prior to colonoscopy in these African patients. Polyp and adenoma detection rates are highly dependent on the expertise of the endoscopist.
Weathering Distress: Corporate Bankruptcy and Bank Competition

This paper examines whether competitive banking markets affect the likelihood that firms file for bankruptcy. We compile large and unique databases of U.S. public and private corporate bankruptcies and find that bank competition significantly reduces firms' filing rates. Chapter 11 and 7 filings both decrease. The results are not concentrated among any specific bankruptcy outcome and are unlikely to be driven by forum shopping. The effects are geographically widespread and driven by distressed firms' improved access to credit. The effects become stronger during economic downturns and in states that host firms with ex-ante higher probabilities of distress.
Geological Model for Mineplan Method to Support Economic Activities in a Remote Island

: Mining materials are natural resources that cannot be renewed and require a long time to form so that their management and utilization must be wise. Mining has high economic value but is also a major cause of natural disasters. In this study the method of investigation is by conducting a literature review, survey and investigation of the geological and geomorphological processes that occur, then analyzing the genesis and mining activities that are in accordance with the conditions and characteristics of the onyx marble. The onyx marble mining on Bawean Island is manually very suitable because it is selective mining, which only takes onyx potential by not dismantling the entire limestone so that it is more environmentally friendly. The onyx marble marketing on Bawean Island is also not good due to the limited transportation that operates 3 times a day out / to the island in the form of cargo ships.
Rolling

We present the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of rolling elastic ribbons. Particular attention is given to characterizing the steady shapes that arise in static and dynamic rolling conﬁgurations. In both cases, above a critical value of the forcing (either gravitational or centrifugal), the ribbon assumes a two-lobed, peanut shape similar to that assumed by rolling droplets. Our theoretical model allows us to rationalize the observed shapes through consideration of the ribbon’s bending and stretching in response to the applied forcing.
Study of the Outcome Differences among the Ischemic Stroke Subtypes basedon TOAST Classificationat Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal

The objective of this study was to explore the outcome differences among is chemic stroke sub types based on “Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST)” system in a tertiary referral hospital. A hospital based prospectiv elongitudinal study was conducted involving 182 patients. Modified Rank in Scale (MRS) was used to assess functional out come, Kaplan-Meierproduct- limit method and Coxproportional hazards regression analys is were used to evaluate rates and identify predictors of survival and recurrent stroke. MRS were statistically different across stroke subtypesat 30 days and 6 months (p<0.0001 and (p<0.0001) respectively). Lacunar stroke was associated with milder deficits. Estimated rates of recurrent stroke were significantly different at 30 days (p<0.0001) and at 6 months (p=0.009). Before adjusting forage, sex, stroke severity, and diabetes mellitus, infarct subtype was not an independent determinant of recurrent stroke within 30 days (p=0.057);but was at 6 months (p=0.024), how ever after same adjustment it was independent determinant both at 30 days (p=0.030) and at 6 months (p=0.025). Estimated death rates were significantly different both a t 3 0 days (p=0.026) and at 6 months (p=0.009). Ischemic stroke subtype was an independent determinant of 6-month survival both before (p=0.016) and after (p=0.027) adjustment for different parameters; however, was not of 30-day survival both before (p=0.054) and after (p=0.993) same adjustment. Early recurrencerates were highest among large artery atherosclerotic stroke. Lacunar stroke has better post stroke functional status. Survival is poorest among cardioembolic stroke.
Assessment of the diversity and abundance of tree species in Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

In this study, an assessment of trees diversity and abundance in the Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria was carried out. Stratified sampling method was employed. The University was divided into four strata for adequate sampling (Stratum A, B, C, D). The results revealed a total of 816 individual trees of 21 tree species belonging to 16 families. The family Aracaceae has the highest number of species (3 (14%) species), The families of Caesalpiniaceae, Combretaceae, Verbenaceae had 2 species each, while other families (Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Araucariaceae, Caricaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Papilonaceae, Pinaceae families) had only one specie each respectively. The family Verbanaceae has the highest number of individual tree flora while Moraceae has the least with 1 tree stand in the study area. Gmelina arborea was the most frequently occurring tree species with a total of 472 (58%) individuals while Ficus benjamina was the least frequently occurring tree species with only 1 (0.12%) tree individual in the study area. This is suspected to be as a result of their poor establishment, thus special attention needs to be applied both to intensified efforts on planting as well as conserving the available species to avoid their extinction.
TheChildLab.com A Video Chat Platform for Developmental Research

Over the past decade, the internet has become an important platform for many types of psychology research, especially research with adult participants on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. More recently, developmental researchers have begun to explore how online studies might be conducted with infants and children. Here, we introduce a new platform for online developmental research that includes live interaction with a researcher, and use it to replicate classic results in the literature. We end by discussing future research, including the potential for large-scale cross-cultural and longitudinal research.
The Moderating Effects of Social-Sustainability on Corporate Characteristics’ Relationship with Environmental-Sustainability Reporting

Due to the greater influence of sustainability issues on today’s global matters, this research observed how social-sustainability could influence the relationship between specific firm characteristics of firm age, audit firm, effective tax rate and environmental-sustainability disclosure. This area is a very wide gap that is yet to be fully explored especially as it affects developing economies. In this study, the researcher covers the entire environmentally sensitive sector of the Nigerian economy with 67 companies chosen as sample size for the study. Measurement of the dependent and moderating variables was done through simple average disclosure index (SADI) which, isthe simple average of the total disclosure made on individual elements under these two observations. The framework and model of the study were built on the moderating effects of social-sustainability on the relationship between specific corporate characteristics and environmental-sustainability reporting. Using Stata13 the study tests for the level of disclosure of environmental-sustainability, types, direction, and impacts of the relationships between the specific corporate characteristics and environment-sustainability reporting; and the significance of the influence of the relationship. The results show among other things that a positive and significant relationship exists between firm age, audit firm & effective tax rate, and environmental-sustainability reporting. Furthermore, it was discovered that high environmentally sensitive elements such as biodiversity & wastes, effluents, product impacts and environmental management department; have lower disclosure rates compared to lower environmental elements like materials used and energy consumed.
Mixed-status Families in Northern Arizona: An Inductive Analysis of Legal Clinic Participation and the Gendered Dynamics of Emotional Care Work

Fear of deportation and consequent separation of “mixed-status families” (those with citizen and non-citizen members) is a central issue facing immigrants today. Yet, there is a gap in sociological explorations of legal clinics designed to assist these families. Here, we examine parents of mixed-status families in danger of deportation who visited one such clinic: what factors drove them to seek legal help? While we explore theoretical implications related to legal violence, we also highlight ways to better reach these families and provide free legal services, particularly to women who seem to be primarily tasked with this work. Research was conducted through Northern Arizona Immigration Legal Services (NAILS). Using in-depth interviews with nine undocumented Mexican-born parents, mostly mothers, our findings reveal patterns that could aid NAILS and other legal support services in providing assistance to these families. Issues such as traditional gendered labor division within the family and the role of social workers were the most relevant themes in seeking legal help. These findings not only contribute to the growing sociological research on immigration and gender dynamics but can also help NAILS and other similar community organizations connect with immigrants in more efficient ways, particularly as it relates to the emotional care work of mothers in mixed-status families.
Dealing with separation or near-to-separation in the model for multinomial response with application to childhood health seeking behavior data from a complex survey

Separation or monotone-likelihood can be observed in fitting process of a multinomial logistic model using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) when sample size is small and/or one of the outcome categories is rare and/or there is one or more influential covariates, resulting in infinite or biased estimate of at least one regression coefficient of the model. This study investigated empirically to identify the optimal data condition to define both ‘separation’ and ‘near-to-separation’ (partial separation) and explored their consequences in MLE and provided a solution by applying a penalized likelihood approach, which has been proposed in the literature, by adding a Jeffreys prior-based penalty term to the original likelihood function to remove the first-order bias in the MLEs of the multinomial logit model via equivalent Poisson regression. Furthermore, the penalized estimating equation (PMLE) is extended to a weighted estimating equation allowing for survey-weight for analyzing data from a complex survey. The simulation study suggests that the PMLE outperforms the MLE by providing smaller amount of bias and mean squared of error and better coverage. The methods are applied to analyze data on choice of health facility for treatment of childhood diseases.