Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A closer look at the sources of variability in scalar implicature derivation: a review

For more than 20 years, studies in experimental pragmatics have provided invaluable insights into the cognitive processes involved in deriving scalar implicatures and achieving inferential comprehension. However, the reports have always contained a notable degree of variability that remained inadequately discussed in the literature. For instance, upon closer inspection of the experimental record, one can always find a group of individuals who tend to be largely pragmatic, overwhelmingly logical, or sometimes mixed not showing a clear preference. There also exist newly-devised paradigms that prompt a radically different type of response than other paradigms, and thus new evidence casting doubt on long-established findings in the field. More recent research on scalar diversity further suggests that differences in the semantic structure of scalar words can lead to differing rates of scalar implicatures and can modulate the time invested in pragmatic processing. Indeed, one can contend that the current empirical landscape on scalar implicatures can be characterized as having three primary sources of variability: inter-individual, methodological, and linguistic. What factor or factors are behind these patterns of variability, and how can we interpret them in light of a pragmatic theory? This paper has a 2-fold objective: one is to review the previous experimental record on scalar implicatures from variability-based lenses, and the other to discuss the factor(s) that could account for this observed variability in the literature. Avenues for future research are provided.
Comparison of revascularization and conservative treatment for hemorrhagic moyamoya disease in East Asian Countries: a single-center case series and a systematic review with meta-analysis

Objective The optimal treatment approach for hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (HMMD) remains a topic of debate, particularly regarding the comparative efficacy of revascularization versus conservative treatment. Our study, which included a single-center case series and a systematic review with meta-analysis, aimed to determine whether surgical revascularization is associated with a significant reduction in postoperative rebleeding, ischemic events, and mortality compared to conservative treatment among East Asian HMMD patients. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Wanfang Med Online (WMO), and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The outcomes of surgical revascularization and conservative treatment, including rebleeding, ischemic events and mortality, were compared. The authors' institutional series of 24 patients were also included and reviewed in the analysis. Results A total of 19 East Asian studies involving 1,571 patients as well as our institution's retrospective study of 24 patients were included in the study. In the adult patients-only studies, those who underwent revascularization had significantly lower rates of rebleeding, ischemic events, and mortality compared to those who received conservative treatment (13.1% (46/352) vs. 32.4% (82/253), P < 0.00001; 4.0% (5/124) vs. 14.9% (18/121), P = 0.007; and 3.3% (5/153) vs. 12.6% (12/95), P = 0.01, respectively). In the adult/pediatric patients' studies, similar statistical results of rebleeding, ischemic events, and mortality have been obtained (70/588 (11.9%) vs. 103/402 (25.6%), P = 0.003 or <0.0001 in a random or fixed-effects model, respectively; 14/296 (4.7%) vs. 26/183 (14.2%), P = 0.001; and 4.6% (15/328) vs. 18.7% (23/123), P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion The current single-center case series and systematic review with meta-analysis of studies demonstrated that surgical revascularization, including direct, indirect, and a combination of both, significantly reduces rebleeding, ischemic events, and mortality in HMMD patients in the East Asia region. More well-designed studies are warranted to further confirm these findings.
Combination of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and time to castration resistance enhances prediction of prognosis for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Objective This study aimed to identify the prediction accuracy of the combination of C-reactive protein (CRP) albumin ratio (CAR) and time to castration resistance (TTCR) for overall survival (OS) following development of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods Clinical data from 98 mCRPC patients treated at our institution from 2009 to 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Optimal cutoff values for CAR and TTCR to predict lethality were generated by use of a receiver operating curve and Youden’s index. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression models for OS were used to analyze the prognostic capabilities of CAR and TTCR. Multiple multivariate Cox models were then constructed based on univariate analysis and their accuracy was validated using the concordance index. Results The optimal cutoff values for CAR at the time of mCRPC diagnosis and TTCR were 0.48 and 12 months, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves indicated that patients with CAR >0.48 or TTCR <12 months had a significantly worse OS (both p < 0.005). Univariate analysis also identified age, hemoglobin, CRP, and performance status as candidate prognostic factors. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis model incorporating those factors and excluding CRP showed CAR and TTCR to be independent prognostic factors. This model had better prognostic accuracy as compared with that containing CRP instead of CAR. The results showed effective stratification of mCRPC patients in terms of OS based on CAR and TTCR (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Although further investigation is required, CAR and TTCR used in combination may more accurately predict mCRPC patient prognosis.
NIRCA ASIC for the readout of focal plane arrays

This work is a continuation of our preliminary tests on NIRCA - the Near Infrared Readout and Controller ASIC [1]. The primary application for NIRCA is future astronomical science and Earth observation missions where NIRCA will be used with mercury cadmium telluride image sensors (HgCdTe, or MCT) [2], [3]. Recently we have completed the ASIC tests in the cryogenic environment down to 77 K. We have verified that NIRCA provides to the readout integrated circuit (ROIC) regulated power, bias voltages, and fully programmable digital sequences with sample control of the analogue to digital converters (ADC). Both analog and digital output from the ROIC can be acquired and image data is 8b/10bencoded and delivered via serial interface. The NIRCA also provides temperature measurement, and monitors several analog and digital input channels. The preliminary work confirms that NIRCA is latch-up immune and able to operate down to 77 K. We have tested the performance of the 12-bit ADC with pre-amplifier to have 10.8 equivalent number of bits (ENOB) at 1.4 Msps and maximum sampling speed at 2 Msps. The 1.8-V and 3.3-V output regulators and the 10-bit DACs show good linearity and work as expected. A programmable sequencer is implemented as a micro-controller with a custom instruction set. Here we describe the special operations of the sequencer with regards to the applications and a novel approach to parallel real-time hardware outputs. The test results of the working prototype ASIC show good functionality and performance from room temperature down to 77 K. The versatility of the chip makes the architecture a possible candidate for other research areas, defense or industrial applications that require analog and digital acquisition, voltage regulation, and digital signal generation.
About homeomorphisms that induce composition operators on Sobolev spaces

We study generalizations of the quasiconformal homeomorphisms (the so-called homeomorphisms with bounded (p, q)-distortion) that induce bounded composition operators on the Sobolev spaces with the first weak derivatives. If a homeomorphism between domains of the Euclidean space ℝ n has bounded (p, q)-distortion and q > n − 1 then its inverse mapping has bounded (q/(q − n + 1), p/(p − n + 1))-distortion. In this article, we study in detail the analytical properties of these homeomorphisms in the limit case q = n − 1. The study of these classes is important because of applications of mappings with bounded (p, q)-distortion to the Sobolev type embedding theorems and nonlinear elasticity problems.
A RESPONSE THEORY OF TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS

OF THE DISSERTATION A Response Theory of Topological Insulators by Wing Fung Leung Dissertation Director: Piers Coleman A time-reversal invariant topological insulator is defined by its topological magnetoelectric response that is robust against disorder. The response formula, defined on a Brillouin torus, defines a Z2 invariant and classifies the topological phase. However, in the presence of disorder or the magnetic field, the notion of Brillouin torus is destroyed and the response formula is no longer well-defined. This has been a challenging open problem, and it is essental in defining a topological insulator. This thesis proposes a topological response theory that is free from this fundamental deficiency. We derived the magnetoelectric response formula in position space for a generic three dimensional model under disorder and finite magnetic field. For time-reversal invariant systems, we connected the result to the 2nd Chern number in Noncommutative Geometry. We developed the noncommutative theory of Chern numbers and showed that the quantization of the magnetoelectric response is robust against disorder. Numerical studies on serveral disodered topological models in 1D and 3D are presented.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Orthopaedic Surgery

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication after surgery and can lead to additional complications and delayed discharge. This descriptive, cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of PONV and its associated factors in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. The study was conducted between November 2020 and July 2021 with 149 patients in a public hospital in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. In the first 48 hours after surgery, 40.9% of the patients had nausea and 17.4% had vomiting. Gender, age, medical diagnosis, surgical procedure, operative time, postoperative opioid use, and anxiety were identified as significant risk factors for PONV after orthopaedic surgery (p < .05). These factors should be considered during postoperative follow-up, and patients who are older, female, and have prolonged operative time or anxiety should be monitored more closely for PONV.
Perceived Stress, Cortisol Responses, and the Effect of Social Networks among Uninsured Free Clinic Patients

Evaluating the differences between perceived stress and physiological stress will help healthcare professionals to better understand the stress and coping management skills that will improve health outcomes for underserved populations. This article provides a better understanding of the biological and psychological aspect of stress in health disparities. Objectives Stress among free clinic patients is an important issue to address in health care. Evaluating the differences between perceived stress and physiological stress will help healthcare professionals to better understand the stress and coping management skills that will improve health outcomes for underserved populations. The aim of this study was to accelerate research to better understand the biological and psychological aspect of stress in health disparities. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of free clinic patients aged 18 years and older who spoke English and/or Spanish. Multiple modals of data were collected from 178 participants during summer 2019, including a self-administered paper survey and a biomedical saliva sample. Descriptive statistics were used to present the characteristics of the participants, and a correlation heatmap was used to show a graphical representation of the main variables. Two models of multivariable regression were performed to understand factors associated with cortisol and perceived stress. Results Higher levels of perceived stress were not significantly more prevalent than higher levels of salivary cortisol among free clinic patients; however, higher levels of social networking were significantly associated with lower levels of perceived stress. Our analysis revealed that having more friends in a social network was slightly more associated with lower levels of perceived stress than having more family members. Conclusions The result of this study provides awareness to healthcare promoters and educators concerning the health of uninsured patients. More specifically, this study provides a foundation to understand the salivary cortisol levels and the relation to perceived stress among this population. Further studies are needed to measure salivary cortisol repeatedly during a period of time among a larger population to better understand the reasons behind normal cortisol level manifesting along with chronic stress.
Converting patients from warfarin to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants

ABSTRACT Background: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are favorable in stroke prevention for geriatric patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation versus warfarin. These anticoagulants do not require international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring and have lower food/drug interactions. In addition, NOACs have risk reduction in bleeding and all-cause mortality compared with warfarin. Local problem: At a geriatric primary care practice, two registered nurses manage 88 patients on warfarin for INR monitoring. Nurse practitioners (NPs) provide oversight for warfarin titration after abnormal results. The goal of this quality-improvement project was to decrease the time spent monitoring patients on warfarin. Methods: Primary care providers and cardiologists of patients on warfarin were contacted to gain approval of transition to a NOAC. The NP reviewed patients' renal function and the indication for anticoagulation and then created a list of eligible patients for transition. Interventions: Patients eligible for transition to NOACs were contacted for their consent. The transition process included stopping warfarin, ordering apixaban, ordering INR level, educating about starting apixaban, and coordinating appropriate follow-up. Results: Of 88 patients on warfarin, 21 were eligible for conversion from warfarin to apixaban. Of these 21 patients, 66% (n = 14) consented to the conversion. Of those who were not converted to apixaban, five declined due to cost and two were lost to follow-up. Conclusion: There was a reduction in nurses' monthly monitoring of patients on warfarin by 22%. Transition to NOAC was not only beneficial for patient safety and efficacy but also reduced nursing clinical time for anticoagulation encounters.
Perceptions of Gender Stereotypes among Women Residents in Surgical and Nonsurgical Specialties

Active interventions and structural changes over many years have made the medical field more inclusive. The authors explore the extent of stereotype perception among residents across different specialties at a single institution. Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether and to what degree residents experience stereotype perception by gender and specialty type (surgical vs nonsurgical). Methods A cross-sectional survey was sent to resident physicians across all specialties at a single academic institution in February 2021. The survey items asked whether participants believe residents, faculty, and the public expect men or women to be better physicians on a numerical scale from 1 to 7. A χ2 test compared the calculated mean and standard error for each survey item. This study took place at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, a large academic tertiary care center. Results A total of 411 (46% of total) residents participated; 13 were excluded because of nonbinary gender or missing demographic information, for a final sample of 398. Participants perceived all three groups to expect men to be better physicians than women. Regression analysis showed a significant effect of gender on stereotype perception, with women reporting stronger stereotype perceptions than men. There were no significant differences in stereotype perceptions by specialty type. Conclusions Women resident physicians in both surgical and nonsurgical fields reported higher levels of gender stereotype perception compared with men, making it imperative that graduate medical education leadership support changes to the current learning environment.
Strategies in the Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma: A Cluster Analysis

This study uses k -means clustering to analyze the strategic choices made by participants playing the infinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma in laboratory experiments. We identify five distinct strategies that closely resemble well-known pure strategies: always defecting, suspicious tit-for-tat, grim, tit-for-tat, and always cooperating. Our analysis reveals moderate systematic deviations of the clustered strategies from their pure counterparts, and these deviations are important for capturing the experimental behavior. Additionally, we demonstrate that our approach significantly enhances the predictive power of previous analyses. Finally, we examine how the frequencies and payoffs of these clustered strategies vary based on the underlying game parameters.
Insight into the Inter-Organ Crosstalk and Prognostic Role of Liver-Derived MicroRNAs in Metabolic Disease Progression

Dysfunctional hepatic metabolism has been linked to numerous diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, which can progress to hepatic fibrosis, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the liver secretes a wide array of metabolites, biomolecules, and microRNAs (miRNAs) and many of these secreted factors exert significant effects on metabolic processes both in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the involvement of liver-derived miRNAs in biological processes with an emphasis on delineating the communication between the liver and other tissues associated with metabolic disease progression. Furthermore, the review identifies the primary molecular targets by which miRNAs act. These consolidated findings from numerous studies provide insight into the underlying mechanism of various metabolic disease progression and suggest the possibility of using circulatory miRNAs as prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets for improving clinical intervention strategies.
Climatology of Mountain Venting–Induced Elevated Moisture Layers in the Lee of the Alps

Abstract Elevated moisture layers in the lower free troposphere (2000–6000 m MSL) in the lee of the Alps were investigated. Specific humidity was analyzed within a Lagrangian concept for fair-weather days during a 12-yr period at the windward and the leeward sides of the Alps for the sounding sites of Payerne, Switzerland, and Milan, Italy. During daytime fair-weather conditions (different criteria), specific humidity increased significantly in air masses that advected from Payerne to Milan in a layer ranging from ∼2500 to 4000 m MSL. The maximum relative increase of specific humidity in this layer was ∼0.3, meaning that ∼30% of the air in this layer originated from the Alpine atmospheric boundary layer. On average, ∼30% of the mass of the Alpine boundary layer was vented to altitudes higher than 2500 m MSL per hour during the daytime. The total precipitable water within a layer reaching from 2500 to 3500 m MSL increased by ∼1.3 mm. Similar elevated layers were observed for different selection methods of .
Effects of changing the control ovarian stimulation protocol in patients without a transplantable embryo in the previous in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle

Objective: Some patients fail to obtain an embryo for transplantation during previous in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles, and require multiple reproductive treatments. This study aimed to evaluate whether changing the control ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol during the subsequent stimulation cycle could improve laboratory and clinical outcomes in these patients. Methods: Patients without a transplantable embryo (TE) in the previous IVF/ICSI cycles were recruited during their second cycles. They were classified into two groups according to their first cycle protocol: Group A, patients treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), and Group B, patients treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant). The study group included patients whose stimulation protocols were changed, whereas the control group consisted of patients who used the same stimulation protocol in the second cycle. We then compared the numbers of oocytes collected (OC) and TE, the incidence of non-TE, the pregnancy rate (PR), and the live birth rate (LBR). Results: In Group A, the numbers of OC and TE were significantly lower (6.0 ± 4.7 vs. 9.4 ± 6.4, 2.3 ± 2.2 vs. 4.5 ± 3.8, P <0.05) in the study group compared with those in the control group. In Group B, the numbers of OC and TE were higher (7.0 ± 5.5 vs. 4.0 ± 4.3, 3.5 ± 3.4 vs. 1.8 ± 2.1, P <0.05) in the study group. There was a significant increase in the incidence of non-TE (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.04–4.69) of the study group in Group A but not in Group B. No significant differences in the PR or LBR were found between the study and control groups in either Group A or B. Conclusion: Changing the COS protocol from GnRH-ant to GnRH-a or continuing the GnRH-a protocol can improve laboratory outcomes in patients with no TE in the previous IVF/ICSI cycle.
Prevalence and risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome among medical students in Saudi Arabia

Background: A chronic functional gastrointestinal illness known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is primarily distinguished by changed bowel habits, abdominal pain and bloating/distention. There are a considerable proportion of medical students in Saudi Arabia who suffers from IBS due to different risk factors. Our study aimed to determine prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its risk factors among many medical students from different universities in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia from July 2022 to January 2023. The sample size was involving 402 with a 95% confidence interval, a 5% margin of error. The data was collected through a standardized clear questionnaire and its analysis will be done using SPSS version 25. Results: 18.7% of the studied population was previously with IBS. 26.6% always face a lot of stress, 34.6% sometimes consume sugar to deal with stress. 42.5% had a positive family history for IBS. 7.2% had previously undergone an abdominal surgery. 13.7% take NSAIDS regularly. Conclusion: The prevalence of IBS was higher among females than among males and was highest among fifth-year medical students. Most of the participants had moderate or high levels of anxiety. Stress management activities and student counseling sessions are recommended to decrease anxiety levels.
Combining Ability in Brinjal

Combining ability analysis of nine quantitative characters was made through a 7 × 7 diallel cross in brinjal. General combining ability variance was found significant for all the characters. Additive genetic variance had a predominant role in the expression of all the characters as g.c. a. variance was found much higher than the s.c. a. variance. Varieties T. 2 and T. 3 were found the best general combiners. These varieties were followed by BGL>BBR> PPL> WB>KBL in respect of number of characters for which they have given positive g.c. a. effects. The crosses involving either T. 2 or T. 3 were good specific combiners. The cross T. 2 × T. 3 was found the best specific combiner for yield. This cross can be utilized both for developing high yielding lines by selection and for exploiting hybrid vigour.