Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Influences of Population Increase on Landuse Land Cover Change in Hong Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Landuse land cover is subjected to continuous changes due to diverse and fluctuating human activities of the increasing population. The types of data required are landmass, population size, landuse land cover such as agricultural land, builtup area, bare land, water body and vegetation cover, and area covered by each. To determine the influences of population size on changes in agricultural land, built-up area, bare land, water body and vegetation cover the magnitude of each was divided by the population size to determine the per capita. Data on landmass was generated from topographic map; population size from National Population Commission; and landuse land cover and magnitude of each from landsat imageries. The imageries were analyzed using diverse GIS and Remote Sensing techniques. The results indicate magnitude of landuse land cover varied from 11.58%, 6.96%, 1.25% and 19.79% for agricultural land, bare land, built-up area and vegetation cover respectively. Likewise, population size increase by 10.82% while land per capita decreased by 7.74m 2 for the period under study. Result of simple correlation between population size and agricultural land, bare land, built-up area, water body and vegetation cover indicate 58%, 35%, 94%, 58% and 19% as percentage of determination. The result indicate with increase in population size by 10.82% leads to increase in density with 69 persons per km 2 and land per capita decreased by 14.49m 2 . The result implies with increase in population size lead to change landuse land cover.
DEFICITS IN THE APPLICATION OF ALUMINUM FOAM SANDWICH: AN INDUSTRIAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract Aluminum foam sandwich (AFS) is an innovative sandwich material for designing lighter products and has many advantages such as high stiffness and high mechanical-energy absorption capacity. Although AFS is ready for series production, the number of use cases is low. A survey was carried out in order to identify the obstacles in the application of aluminum foam sandwich. This paper presents the results of the survey, derives the demand for a support method for designing with aluminum foam sandwich and shows various support options to simplify the application of the material.
PRODUCTIVE, EGG QUALITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF GIMMIZAH CHICKEN AS AFFECTED BY MAGNETIZED WATER OF DIFFERENT STRENGTHS

A total number of 120 28 week-old laying hens of Gimmizah strain were distributed among four treatment groups in a completely randomized design with three replicates per treatment and ten hens per replicate. The first group kept as a control group received non-magnetized tap water and the other groups received tap water exposed to different intensity of magnetic strengths 2000, 3000 and 4000 gauss respectively. Laying hens were housed in 12 floor pens (2 m × 1.2 m × 2 m) furnished with wheat straw. Laying hens on 3000 and 4000 gauss magnetized water consumed significantly more feeds and all groups on the magnetized water had significantly better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control group. Egg weight and egg mass were significantly increased in groups supplemented with different strengths of magnetized water compared with the control group and albumen (%) and albumen dry matter (%) were significantly higher of groups offered 2000 and 3000 gauss tap water. Yolk (%) was significantly higher of group on 3000 gauss tap water compared to the control group. Shell thickness was significantly increased in group received 4000 gauss tap water compared with control group. Blood serum glucose and globulin were significantly increased in groups supplemented with 2000 and 3000 gauss water compared with the control group and group supplemented with 4000 gauss water. However, all groups supplemented with different strength of magnetic water had significantly decreased albumin/ globulin ratio. Serum phosphorus level, and blood pH increased. Triiodothyronine increased significantly in groups received magnetized water compared to control and the 2000 gauss group showed the highest response. Red blood cell count (RBCs) and haemoglobin (Hgb) were significantly increased in groups supplemented with 2000 and 3000 gauss water compared with control group. It could be concluded that productive performance, physiological response and egg shell quality of Gimmizah chicken were improved due to offering magnetized water with 2000 gauss was adequate to provide the beneficial effects.
Production and Quality Evaluation of Short Bread Biscuit Using Wheat and Fermented Unripe Plantain Flour

The utilization of plantain flour has increased in recent years as a result of its industrial potential and health benefits; hence the more quests for its application in food product development. In this study, short bread biscuit was formulated from wheat and plantain flours mixed in the ratios 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 100% wheat flour was indicated as control. The flours and the short bread biscuits were analyzed for their proximate, physico-chemical properties of the mixes and physical attributes and consumer acceptability of the short bread biscuit by sensory evaluation using standard methods. The result showed that the proximate composition values ranged from 12.41 to 14.54, 9.06 to 11.38, 1.11 to 1.51% for moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, ash contents and carbohydrate respectively. The mineral ranged from 2.28 to 2.67 mg/100 g, 8.38 to 9.44 mg and 276 to 296.50 mg/100 g for iron, calcium and phosphorus respectively. The physiochemical properties ranged from 0.609 to 0.615 g/ml and 0.63 to 0.64 g/ml, 119.50 to 134.00 g/g, 15.25 to Original Research Article Adejuyitan et al.; EJNFS, 12(4): 30-42, 2020; Article no.EJNFS. 56501 31 17.40 g/g for loose and packed bulk densities, water absorption capacity, swelling capacity respectively. The amylose and amylopectin value ranged from 24.05 to 31.55 and 68.45 to 75.95% respectively. The value for vitamin C and B1 ranged 3.04 to 3.58 and 0.22 to 0.24 μg/100 g respectively. The proximate content of the short bread biscuit ranged from 8.65 to 9.94, 6.93 to 7.73, 65.96 to 66.74, 1.02 to 1.75, 2.25 to 2.63 for moisture, protein, carbohydrate, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate respectively. The sensory attribute shows that short bread biscuit produced from 90:10% was well accepted.
Disease or Release? A Content Analysis on How is Menopause Framed in Romanian Online Media

Menopause is a natural biological event in every middle-aged woman life, but despite this universal character, the main ways to perceive this phenomenon are, often, “constructed” by social instances such as medicine or popular culture. The paper presents the main results of a traditional quantitative content analysis conducted on the six most popular Romanian online magazines for women (Avantaje.ro, Femeia.ro, Unica.ro, Elle.ro, Cosmopolitan.ro, Libertatea pentru femei.ro), and on three most visited websites with medical content (reginamaria.ro, medlife.ro, and csid.ro), in order to establish which are the main approaches regarding menopause. The content analysis was focused on the gender of the author and/or source of information, on types of words that are used in association with menopause, and photographs in articles. The results depict a predominant negative image of menopause, as a phase in women’s life marked by health issues. Also, an important difference from other analyzes of how menopause is presented in the media is that the implications of menopause on the sex lives of menopausal women are no longer taboo. Additionally, the infertility, as expression of loosing reproductive abilities, especially when we talk about premature menopause, seems to be another big associated issue, according to the research data. Using these results as starting point of discussion, the main topics that framed menopause in ROU online media are placed in the wider context: its role as social instance that could influence women’s perceptions about their menopausal experiences, considered socially relevant only if they are “useful bodies”, with intact reproductive capacities.
Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in plastomes of eight Catharanthus roseus cultivars

Abstract Catharanthus roseus, an important medicinal plant, is known for the production of various pharmaceutical compounds including the anti-tumour drugs, vinblastine, and vincristine. Also, this ornamental plant is widely known for its flowers with different colours. Its varieties are identified on the basis of the morphological characteristics of the flowers, including petals and flower eye colour. Morphological characterization cannot be performed before the flowering stage, leading to a major obstacle for consumers, since most of the sales associated with its medicinal value occur at the vegetative stage. In the present study, we utilized high-throughput, next-generation sequencing to detect chloroplast single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that are unique to each variety for molecular characterization. The total genomic DNA of eight C. roseus varieties were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. The alignment of resulting sequences to chloroplast reference genome showed the presence of specific SNPs for all eight varieties. Also, intravarietal SNPs were found that confirmed the applicability of heteroplasmy theory in the chloroplast genome of this species. Thus, this investigation provides valuable insights into molecular characterization of C. roseus, especially at the vegetative stage.
Mozart Sharpens and Mahler Degrades the Word Memory Trace

We investigated the impact of the Mozart effect on word memory when music was heard in the delay rather than using music to induce mood or as background music. A sample of N = 84 participants was randomly assigned to one of three groups listening to a one-minute sound clip of Mozart (*Kleine Nachtmusik*) or Mahler (*Adagietto*) during the delay, with a third control group waiting in silence for the word memory test. Words were positive, negative or neutral and matched for word length and frequency. The word memory task was repeated three times (enforced rehearsal). Word memory was best after Mozart and worst after Mahler, with memory performance in the control condition in between. The Mozart effect occurred for word memory across positive, negative and neutral words. The Mozart effect also occurred independently of ethnicity, or the level of happiness in the participants. We conclude that word memory traces sharpened after Mozart’s music because the sonogram and spectrograms showed that this music had self-contained and bounded phrases like in psycholinguistic structures of words and sentences. In contrast, word memory traces may have washed out and degraded during the delay because Mahler’s music was flowing like a foreign language speech stream where a native speaker would not be able to parse words.
Isolation and Purification of Low Molecular Weight Proteins from Culture Filtrate of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strain C.

In the last couple of years, a number of new and rapid tests for the diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB) have been developed based on the low molecular weight antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) culture supernatant. This study aimed to isolate and purify low molecular weight antigens secreted by Mtb strain C for diagnostic purpose. The secretory proteins from culture filtrate of Mtb were extracted using ammonium sulphate precipitations and sephadex-G50 gel chromatography. The obtained antigen fractions were analyzed for their protein concentrations and approximate molecular weight using Lowry method and SDS-PAGE (12.5%), respectively. DOT-ELISA and Western blot assay was performed to confirm the presence of purified low molecular weight proteins isolated from Mtb using sera from pulmonary tuberculosis patients (polyclonal antibodies). During chromatography, low molecular weight proteins were separated, that was approximately 0.7 mg/ml of the total proteins (1.662 mg/ml). The purified protein fractions in molecular weight range of 14 kDa-41kDa appeared during SDS-PAGE analysis. The chromatographic band fraction in the weight range of 30-41 kDa was identified in the TB patients’ sera using Western blotting. The low molecular weight proteins in the culture filtrate of Mtb strain C were purified using ammonium sulphate and chromatography. These fractions were confirmed using Western blotting. The obtained results might support the hypothesis that the Mtb culture filtrate antigens could be used as a rapid and sensitive assay for the detection of patients with pulmonary TB.
Travel Behavior Changes Among Users of Partially Automated Vehicles

Author(s): Hardman, Scott, PhD | Abstract: Partially automated battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are being sold to and used by consumers. Estimates indicate that as of the end of 2019, there were over 700,000 Partially Automated Tesla Vehicles—the subject of this study—on the roads globally. Despite this, little research has been done to understand how they may be changing travel behavior. In this study, qualitative interviews with 36 users of Tesla BEVs with Autopilot were conducted. The goal of this was to understand how Autopilot is used, user experiences of the system, and whether the system has any impact on drivers’ travel behavior. The focus of the last of these aims was to determine whether Autopilot could cause or was causing an increase in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) among the study participants. Results from the interviews showed that partial automation leads to consumers travelling by car more and being more willing to drive in congested traffic. These changes are due to increased comfort, reduced stress, and increased relaxation due to the partial automation system, and because of the lower running costs of a BEV. The results also point to a need for further research of partially automated vehicles that are already on the market, as 11 of 17 reasons for increased VMT that have been identified in modeling studies of fully automated vehicles (not yet commercially available) applied to users of Autopilot.
Study of Lead-Free Ferroelectric Composite Coatings by Impedance Spectroscopy

The aim of the study is preparation and electrical characterization of lead-free ferroelectric oxide BaSrTiO3 in composition with piezoelectric polymer. The properties of the deposited films were compared with pure oxide. Scanning electron microscopy showed regular distribution of particles and homogeneous composition of both components. The dielectric properties (electric permittivity and dielectric loss) were investigated at different temperatures ranged from 5 oC to 130 oC. Impedance spectroscopy was applied in the frequency range 100 Hz-100 kHz. It was demonstrated that the dielectric constant increase with addition of piezoelectric polymer to the ceramic phase. Based on the equivalent electrical circuit parameters extraction (contact resistance and capacitance comparisons), it can be seen that the interface conditions at the electrodes are improved after inserting piezoelectric polymer. As well, interpretation of the plots of the complex impedance vs. frequency and real part of the impedance vs. imaginary part, gives information about the polarization process, revealing in the structures.
Salient Anchor and Analyst Recommendation Downgrade

We investigate whether 52-week high stock prices serves as reference points for analyst recommendation revisions. We find that analysts are more likely to downgrade stocks when the prices approach the 52-week high levels. This anchoring effect is stronger for stock with higher information asymmetry but moderated by analysts’ reputation, work experience, and educational background. We also find that a strategy that takes long positions in stocks approaching 52-week high generates positive returns, and a strategy that shorts stocks with recommendation downgrades is less profitable for the downgrades near 52-week high than for other downgrades. Moreover, the downgraded firms with prices near 52-week high subsequently experience less negative earnings forecast revisions, compared with other downgraded firms. Collectively, our results indicate that downgrades near 52-week high are partially attributable to anchoring heuristic and less informative. Overall, our paper provides new evidence on the determinants of analyst recommendation revisions from a behavioral perspective.
Response of broilers to digestible sulfur amino acids and threonine intake: maximum economic return

Background: The determination of amino acid supplements for broiler chicken requirements based on performance does not always reflect maximum profitability. Objective: To estimate the optimal levels of digestible threonine (Thr) and sulfur amino acids (SAA) in diets for broilers based on an economic analysis. Methods: Two dose-response assays were conducted, and each assay was divided into three phases: initial (1-14 days), grower (15-28 days), and finisher (29-42 days). Five hundred and sixty male Cobb 500® broilers were randomly distributed to seven treatments with increasing levels of the amino acid (SAA or Thr), with four replicates and 20 birds each. Bodyweight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were used to fit a segmented model. Gross income (GI), total feed costs (TFC) and gross margin (GM) were calculated based on local values. Results: Increasing levels of amino acid elicited a response in BWG and FI for all evaluated phases. The estimates for maximum profit based on GI and TFC were 223, 504, and 975 mg SAA/bird/d, and 236, 696, and 1,042 mg Thr/bird/d in starter, grower and finisher phases, respectively. Conclusion: Varying the AA prices affected only slightly the economic optimal intake of Thr and sulfur amino acids. Despite market fluctuations, the economic approach presented in this study demonstrates to be a helpful tool to choose the ideal inclusion level of amino acids in the feed.
The Use of Arterial Grafts of the Left Internal Mammary Artery is Not a Predictor for the Incidence of Pericardial Effusion

BACKGROUND: The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is used very often for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). During the cardiac surgery, surgical preparation of LIMA graft could be the reason for mediastinal bleeding and pericardial effusion (PE). AIM: This current study was, therefore, undertaken to show the prediction of PE occurrence comparing the usage of LIMA and venous graft. METHODOLOGY: The study population comprised 1929 patients (1.562 men mean age 57.1 years) who underwent CABG due to coronary disease. Patients were separated into two groups: Patients with venous and patients with arterial grafts on left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The first group included 1468 patients with arterial graft (LIMA) who underwent surgery from October 2008 to January 2014 and the second group included 461 patients with venous graft on LAD that were treated before 2008. Both groups were compared with respect to occurrences, size, and location of PE, which was determined on the 5th day after surgery by echocardiography. RESULTS: PE was identified in 1219 (63.1%) patients. There was no difference between compared groups in the proportional occurrence or absence of effusion: In the first group 931 (63.4%) and in the second 288 (62.4%) patients had PE (p > 0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in localization of effusion; circular effusion was found in 797 (41.3%) patients while localized effusion in 422 (21.8%) patients. CONCLUSION: Surgical experience can lead to a reduced risk of occurrence of PE when using arterial graft with no differences compared to using a venous graft. The use of arterial LIMA graft is not a predictor for the incidence of PE.
Endogenous oxytocin inhibits hypothalamic stress responsive neurons following acute hypernatremia

Significant prior evidence indicates that centrally acting oxytocin robustly modulates stress responsiveness and anxiety-like behavior, although the neural mechanisms behind these effects are not completely understood. A plausible neural basis for oxytocin mediated stress reduction is via inhibition of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) that regulate activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Previously, we have shown that following subcutaneous injection of 2.0 M NaCl, oxytocin (OT) synthesizing neurons are activated in the rat PVN, an oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) dependent inhibitory tone develops on a subset of parvocellular neurons, and stress-mediated increases in plasma corticosterone levels are blunted. Here, we utilized transgenic male CRH-reporter mice to selectively target PVN CRH neurons for whole-cell recordings. These experiments reveal that acute salt loading produces tonic inhibition of PVN CRH neurons through a mechanism that is largely independent of synaptic activity. Further studies reveal that CRH neurons within the PVN synthesize mRNA for Oxtr(s). Salt induced Oxtr-dependent inhibitory tone was eliminated in individual PVN CRH neurons filled with GDP-β-S, and was also largely absent in PVN CRH neurons extracted form CRH-Oxtr KO mice. Additional electrophysiological studies suggest that reduced excitability of PVN CRH neurons in salt loaded animals is associated with increased activation of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Collectively, these data reveal a likely cellular mechanism by which endogenous oxytocin signaling reduces the excitability of PVN CRH neurons to curb stress responsiveness during times of high plasma osmolality.
Comparison of Extended Kalman Filter and Factor Graph Optimization for GNSS/INS Integrated Navigation System

The integration of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and inertial navigation systems (INS) is extensively studied in the past decades for vehicular navigations, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and autonomous driving vehicles (ADV). Conventionally, the two most common integration solutions are the loosely-coupled and the tightly-coupled integration using the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The recently proposed factor graph optimization (FGO) is adopted to integrate GNSS/INS which attracted lots of attention and improved the performance over the existing EKF-based GNSS/INS integrations. However, a comprehensive comparison of those two GNSS/INS integration schemes in the urban canyon is not available. Moreover, the accuracy and efficiency of the FGO-based GNSS/INS integration rely heavily on the size of the window of optimization. Effectively tuning the window size is still an open question. To fill this gap, this paper first evaluates both loosely and tightly-coupled integrations using both EKF and FGO via the challenging dataset collected in the urban canyon of Hong Kong.The results show that the FGO-based tightly-coupled GNSS/INS integration obtains the best performance. The detailed analysis of the results for the advantages of the FGO is also given in this paper by degenerating the FGO-based estimator to an EKF like estimator. More importantly, we analyze the effects of window size against the performance of FGO based on the validated dataset, by considering both the GNSS pseudorange error distribution and environmental conditions.