Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steady state treatment of relativistic electron beam erosion. Memorandum report

The head of a relativistic electron beam propagating into un-ionized or weakly ionized gas is not self-pinched and expands freely, causing the beam to take on a 'trumpet' shape. The region where the beam pinches, referred to as the 'pinch point', moves steadily back into the beam because of the reduced ionization rate at the expanding beam head and energy loss to the induced electric field. This beam head 'erosion' is modeled by assuming that the axial beam profile is stationary in a reference frame moving with the pinch point. This assumption allows the beam equations to be written in time-independent form, and radial averaging then yields a set of one-dimensional ordinary differential equations for the beam radius and energy, the mean pinch force, and the background conductivity. Solution of these equations with appropriate boundary conditions gives both the erosion rate and the beam axial structure. Results of extensive numerical calculations are presented, along with analytic estimates of the erosion rate, degree of current neutralization, and axial scale lengths.
Combating Non- Communicable Disease Among HCW: The Broken Soldiers

Non communicable disease (NCD) has recently emerged as a major public-health concern, with prevalence rising over the world. As a submerged portion of the iceberg, the hidden burden of NCD is escalating and devouring the world. NCD affects HCW in the same way it affects other types of workers. Healthcare worker (HCW) should serve as role models in the community, raising NCD prevention knowledge and encouraging patients to adopt a healthier lifestyle. The Objective to the study to access the prevalence of non-communicable disease among healthcare workers. A cross sectional study was conducted in Johor state public health division with secondary data source from health screening of HCW from 2021. A total of 123 subjects participated in the study. Based on BMI calculation 26% were categorized normal, 42% were overweight and 30% were obese. Correlation and univariate analysis were conducted on BMI and blood screening. The results show a significant relationship between BMI towards Total Cholesterol and Fasting blood sugar level among HCW (P value <0.01). The high prevalence of NCD risk factors and their significant association necessitate an appropriate risk-reduction strategy to reduce the possibility of chronic illness among them.
Domestic Cow-Related Severe Facial Trauma in an Older Farmer Undergoing Anticoagulation Treatment

Domestic cow-related injuries can carry significant morbidity and mortality among livestock farmers. We report a case of an 83-year-old male farmer with severe facial trauma and a potentially compromised airway caused by a domestic dairy cow during his routine work while taking oral anticoagulants. Since head and neck trauma caused by domestic cows can be severe, preventive measures should be taken to protect cattle farmers in those exposed areas.
Experimentally exploring compressed sensing quantum tomography

In the light of the progress in quantum technologies, the task of verifying the correct functioning of processes and obtaining accurate tomographic information about quantum states becomes increasingly important. Compressed sensing, a machinery derived from the theory of signal processing, has emerged as a feasible tool to perform robust and significantly more resource-economical quantum state tomography for intermediate-sized quantum systems. In this work, we provide a comprehensive analysis of compressed sensing tomography in the regime in which tomographically complete data is available with reliable statistics from experimental observations of a multi-mode photonic architecture. Due to the fact that the data is known with high statistical significance, we are in a position to systematically explore the quality of reconstruction depending on the number of employed measurement settings, randomly selected from the complete set of data, and on different model assumptions. We present and test a complete prescription to perform efficient compressed sensing and are able to reliably use notions of model selection and cross validation to account for experimental imperfections and finite counting statistics. Thus, we establish compressed sensing as an effective tool for quantum state tomography, specifically suited for photonic systems.
The duty cycle of radio-mode feedback in complete samples of clusters

The Chandra X-ray Observatory has revealed X-ray bubbles in the intracluster medium (ICM) of many nearby cooling-flow clusters. The bubbles trace feedback that is thought to couple the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) to the ICM, helping to stabilize cooling flows and govern the evolution of massive galaxies. However, the prevalence and duty cycle of such AGN outbursts is not well understood. To this end, we study how cooling is balanced by bubble heating for complete samples of clusters (the Brightest 55 clusters of galaxies, hereafter B55, and the HIghest X-ray FLUx Galaxy Cluster Sample, HIFLUGCS). We find that the radio luminosity of the central galaxy only exceeds 2.5 × 1030 erg s−1 Hz−1 in cooling-flow clusters. This result implies a connection between the central radio source and the ICM, as expected if AGN feedback is operating. Additionally, we find a duty cycle for radio-mode feedback, the fraction of time that a system possesses bubbles inflated by its central radio source, of ≳69 per cent for the B55 and ≳63 per cent for the HIFLUGCS. These duty cycles are lower limits since some bubbles are likely missed in existing images. We used simulations to constrain the bubble power that might be present and remain undetected in the cooling-flow systems without detected bubbles. Among theses systems, almost all could have significant bubble power. Therefore, our results imply that the duty cycle of AGN outbursts with the potential to heat the gas significantly in cooling-flow clusters is at least 60 per cent and could approach 100 per cent.
Effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as a feed additive on the growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails

This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of supplemented thyme powder on growth performance, blood parameters and carcass traits in Japanese quail. One hundred and eighty (180) quail chicks after one week rearing were divide into four treatments which called: (T1) basal diet without thyme ; (T2) basal diet added 0.5% of thyme powder; (T3) basal diet added 0.75% of thyme powder; (T4) basal diet added 1% of thyme powder. Each treatment included 45 birds with three replicates, 15 birds in each replicate. all treatments were fed ad libitum of their own diet. The results showed that the addition of thyme powder significantly (p≤0.05) increased the values of live body weight and body weight gain. The food consumed did not differ significantly in all treatments (p≤0.05). Male eviscerated dressing percentage did not differ significantly (p≤0.05), however, there is a significant increase (p≤0.05) in females. The breast, wings, legs and backs percentage increased significantly (p≤0.05) in both of males and females of the thyme supplemented treatments. Blood serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides in males and females decreased significantly (p≤0.05) of the thyme added treatments. HDL increased significantly (p≤0.05) in both of males and females. LDL in males and females decreased significantly (p≤0.05). In conclusion, 1% of thyme powder supplemented to dietary can be used as an effective diet supplement to enhance growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood lipids in Japanese quail.
THIRD-EPOCH MAGELLANIC CLOUD PROPER MOTIONS. II. THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD ROTATION FIELD IN THREE DIMENSIONS

We present the first detailed assessment of the large-scale rotation of any galaxy based on full three-dimensional velocity measurements. We do this for the LMC by combining our Hubble Space Telescope average proper motion (PM) measurements for stars in 22 fields, with existing line-of-sight (LOS) velocity measurements for 6790 individual stars. We interpret these data with a model of circular rotation in a flat disk. The PM and LOS data paint a consistent picture of the LMC rotation, and their combination yields several new insights. The PM data imply a stellar dynamical center that coincides with the H i dynamical center, and a rotation curve amplitude consistent with that inferred from LOS velocity studies. The implied disk viewing angles agree with the range of values found in the literature, but continue to indicate variations with stellar population and/or radius. Young (red supergiant) stars rotate faster than old (red and asymptotic giant branch) stars due to asymmetric drift. Outside the central region, the circular velocity is approximately flat at Vcirc = 91.7 ± 18.8 km s−1. This is consistent with the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation and implies an enclosed mass M(8.7 kpc) = (1.7 ± 0.7) × 1010 M☉. The virial mass is larger, depending on the full extent of the LMC's dark halo. The tidal radius is 22.3 ± 5.2 kpc (24.°0 ± 5.°6). Combination of the PM and LOS data yields kinematic distance estimates for the LMC, but these are not yet competitive with other methods.
Generic First-Order Orientation Transition of Vortex Lattices in Type II Superconductors

The first-order transition of vortex lattices (VLs) observed in various superconductors with fourfold symmetry is explained microscopically by quasi-classical Eilenberger theory combined with nonlocal London theory. This transition is intrinsic in the generic successive VL phase transition due to either gap anisotropy or Fermi velocity anisotropy. This is also suggested by the electronic states around vortices. Ultimately, the origin of this phenomenon is attributed to somewhat hidden frustrations of a spontaneous symmetry-broken hexagonal VL in the underlying fourfold crystalline symmetry.
Social class, economic and political grievances and radical left voting: The role of macroeconomic performance

ABSTRACT The classic gap between lower and higher social classes in their likelihood to vote for radical left parties (RLPs) persists to this day. Prior studies showed that economic and political grievances predict support for the radical left, but they largely neglected to address whether the working class is more likely to vote for RLPs because they are economically and politically dissatisfied. This study, therefore, examines the explanatory role of economic and political grievances. It also examines whether the class cleavage in RLP support depends on a country’s economic performance in terms of wealth, unemployment and income inequality. European Social Survey data on 19 countries between 2002 and 2018 are analysed using three-level logistic regression models. The results replicate that people in lower social classes are more likely to vote for RLPs than those in higher ones. They do so because they are more dissatisfied with the economy, democracy and, particularly, income inequality. Against expectations, class voting for the radical left is not conditional on macroeconomic performance. Yet, RLPs turn out to be more electorally successful as a result of economic and political grievances in times of economic prosperity, suggesting that feelings of relative deprivation spur radical left voting.
Computer simulations and animations in the teaching and learning of chemical kinetics, equilibrium, and energetics: Assessing teachers’ pedagogical skills in Tanzania secondary schools

This paper presents changes on teachers ’ pedagogical skills in using computer simulations and animations to support the teaching and learning of chemistry concepts. It draws on the data that were collected using a mixed-method research approach coupled with pre- and post-assessment of 20 level three chemistry teachers. The data from classroom observation were quantitatively analyzed using means, standard deviations, and a sample paired t-test. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. The results showed that teachers ’ pedagogical skills in using computer simulations and animations in teaching and learning chemical kinetics, equilibrium, and energetics were low in pre-instruction, with an overall mean of 1.3 ± 0.1. In post-instruction, the findings indicate that teachers have improved pedagogical skills, with an overall mean of 3.9 ± 0.06 and p-value of 0.000. Therefore, teachers need improved pedagogical strategies to use computer simulations and animations as viable instructional resources for teaching and learning of chemistry concepts.
Evolution of neutron stars with toroidal magnetic fields: Axisymmetric simulation in full general relativity

We study the stability of neutron stars with toroidal magnetic fields by magnetohydrodynamic simulation in full general relativity under the assumption of axial symmetry. Nonrotating and rigidly rotating neutron stars are prepared for a variety of magnetic field configuration. For modeling the neutron stars, the polytropic equation of state with the adiabatic index {gamma}=2 is used for simplicity. It is found that nonrotating neutron stars are dynamically unstable for the case where toroidal magnetic field strength varies {proportional_to} {omega}-bar{sup 2k-1} with k{>=}2 (here {omega}-bar is the cylindrical radius), whereas for k=1 the neutron stars are stable. After the onset of the instability, unstable modes grow approximately in the Alfven time scale and, as a result, a convective motion is excited to change the magnetic field profile until a new state, which is stable against axisymmetric perturbation, is reached. We also find that rotation plays a role in stabilization, although the instability still occurs in the Alfven time scale when the ratio of magnetic energy to rotational kinetic energy is larger than a critical value {approx}0.2. Implication for the evolution of magnetized protoneutron stars is discussed.
Investigation of slot cooling at high subsonic speeds. [for turbulent engines]

The paper discusses the results of an experimental and numerical investigation of tangential slot injection film cooling with zero pressure gradients in subsonic boundary layers at freestream Mach numbers of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. The results are compared with the predictions obtained from a finite-difference boundary-layer program developed by NASA for slot injection into turbulent supersonic boundary layers. The two sets of results are found to compare favorably. The numerical results point to the existence of a unique relation between isothermal effectiveness and adiabatic effectiveness, thereby confirming the existence of similarity conditions for temperature and velocity profiles.
Young Stellar Populations in the Collisional Ring Galaxy NGC 922

Abstract We studied the star cluster population properties in the nearby collisional ring galaxy NGC 922 using HST/WFPC2 photometry and population synthesis modeling. We found that 69% of the detected clusters are younger than 7 Myr, and that most of them are located in the ring or along the bar, consistent with the strong Hα emission. The images also show a tidal plume pointing toward the companion. Its stellar age is consistent with pre-existing stars that were probably stripped off during the passage of the companion. We compared the star-forming complexes observed in NGC 922 with those of a distant ring galaxy from the GOODS eld. It indicates very similar masses and sizes, suggesting similar origins. Finally, we found clusters that are excellent progenitor candidates for faint fuzzy clusters.
Impact Of Cash Flow on Firm’s Operational Efficiency in Vietnam: Mediation Role of State Ownership

The paper investigates the effect of cash flow on the operational efficiency of non-financial companies listed on the Vietnam stock market, spanning the period from 2010 to 2019. The research results indicate that operating cash flow in the business positively affects operational efficiency, measured through two indicators of Returns on assets (ROA) and Returns on equity (ROE). The effect remains stronger for firms that have state ownership. We also address an endogeneity issue through a two-stage least square and Generalized method of moments. The results are robust through several cross-sectional heterogeneities such as firm size or firm age and other estimation techniques. Investment opportunities (Market-to-Book) and the growth of total assets (Firm growth) also positively affect the firm's performance. On the contrary, the target of company size (Firm size) and the debt ratio (Firm leverage) negatively influence operational efficiency. The paper highlights the importance of cash flow management and provides recommendations for regulators and managers to improve firms' operational efficiency.
Estimating the changing burden of disease attributable to low levels of physical activity in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012.

BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular outcomes, certain cancers and diabetes. The previous South African Comparative Risk Assessment (SACRA1) study assessed the attributable burden of low physical activity for 2000, but updated estimates are required, as well as an assessment of trends over time. OBJECTIVE To estimate the national prevalence of physical activity by age, year and sex and to quantify the burden of disease attributable to low physical activity in South Africa (SA) for 2000, 2006 and 2012. METHODS Comparative risk assessment methodology was used. Physical activity was treated as a categorical variable with four categories, i.e. inactive, active, very active and highly active. Prevalence estimates of physical activity levels, representing the three different years, were derived from two national surveys. Physical activity estimates together with the relative risks from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2016 study were used to calculate population attributable fractions due to inactive, active and very active levels of physical activity relative to highly active levels considered to be the theoretical minimum risk exposure (>8 000 metabolic equivalent of time (MET)-min/wk), in accordance with the GBD 2016 study. These were applied to relevant disease outcomes sourced from the Second National Burden of Disease Study to calculate attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Uncertainty analysis was performed using Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS The prevalence of physical inactivity (<600 METS) decreased by 16% and 8% between 2000 and 2012 for females and males, respectively. Attributable DALYs due to low physical activity increased between 2000 (n=194 284) and 2006 (n=238 475), but decreased thereafter in 2012 (n=219 851). The attributable death age-standardised rates (ASRs) declined between 2000 and 2012 from 60/100 000 population in 2000 to 54/100 000 population in 2012. Diabetes mellitus type 2 displaced ischaemic heart disease as the largest contributor to attributable deaths, increasing from 31% in 2000 to 42% in 2012. CONCLUSIONS Low physical activity is responsible for a large portion of disease burden in SA. While the decreased attributable death ASR due to low physical activity is encouraging, this burden may be lowered further with an additional reduction in the overall prevalence of physical inactivity, in particular. It is concerning that the attributable burden for diabetes mellitus is growing, which suggests that existing non-communicable disease policies need better implementation, with ongoing surveillance of physical activity, and population- and community-based interventions are required in order to reach set targets.
AHP APPLIED TO BINARY AND TERNARY COMPARISONS

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Umbilicity of space-like submanifolds of Minkowski space

We study some properties of space-like submanifolds in Minkowski n-space, whose points are all umbilic with respect to some normal field. As a consequence of these and some results contained in a paper by Asperti and Dajczer, we obtain that being ν-umbilic with respect to a parallel light-like normal field implies conformal flatness for submanifolds of dimension n − 2 ≥ 3. In the case of surfaces, we relate the umbilicity condition to that of total semi-umbilicity (degeneracy of the curvature ellipse at every point). Moreover, if the considered normal field is parallel, we show that it is everywhere time-like, space-like or light-like if and only if the surface is included in a hyperbolic 3-space, a de Sitter 3-space or a three-dimensional light cone, respectively. We also give characterizations of total semi-umbilicity for surfaces contained in hyperbolic 4-space, de Sitter 4-space and four-dimensional light cone.
THE Hα VARIATIONS OF η CARINAE DURING THE 2009.0 SPECTROSCOPIC EVENT

We report on Hα spectroscopy of the 2009.0 spectroscopic event of η Carinae collected via SMARTS observations using the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory 1.5 m telescope and echelle spectrograph. Our observations were made almost every night over a two-month interval around the predicted minimum of η Car. We observed a significant fading of the line emission that reached a minimum 7 days after the X-ray minimum. About 17 days prior to the Hα flux minimum, the Hα profile exhibited the emergence of a broad, P Cygni type, absorption component (near a Doppler shift of −500 km s−1) and a narrow absorption component (near −144 km s−1 and probably associated with intervening gas from the Little Homunculus Nebula). All these features were observed during the last event in 2003.5 and are probably related to the close periastron passage of the companion. We argue that these variations are consistent with qualitative expectations about changes in the primary star's stellar wind that result from the wind–wind collision with a massive binary companion and from atmospheric eclipses of the companion.
FERMI BUBBLE γ-RAYS AS A RESULT OF DIFFUSIVE INJECTION OF GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS

Recently, the Fermi Space Telescope discovered two large γ-ray emission regions, the so-called Fermi bubbles, that extend up to ∼50° above and below the Galactic center (GC). The γ-ray emission from the bubbles is found to follow a hard spectrum with no significant spatial variation in intensity and spectral shape. The origin of the emission is still not clearly understood. Suggested explanations include the injection of cosmic-ray (CR) nuclei from the GC by high-speed Galactic winds, electron acceleration by multiple shocks, and stochastic electron acceleration inside the bubbles. In this Letter, it is proposed that the γ-rays may be the result of diffusive injection of Galactic CR protons during their propagation through the Galaxy. Considering that the bubbles are slowly expanding, and CRs undergo much slower diffusion inside the bubbles than in the average Galaxy and at the same time suffer losses due to adiabatic expansion and inelastic collisions with the bubble plasma, this model can explain the observed intensity profile, the emission spectrum and the measured luminosity without invoking any additional particle production processes, unlike other existing models.