Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Modeling of Convection and Pollutant Transport Associated with Volcanic Eruption and Lava Flow: Application to the April 2007 Eruption of the Piton de la Fournaise (Reunion Island)

Volcanic eruptions can cause damage to land and people living nearby, generate high concentrations of toxic gases, and also create large plumes that limit observations and the performance of forecasting models that rely on these observations. This study investigates the use of micro- to meso-scale simulation to represent and predict the convection, transport, and deposit of volcanic pollutants. The case under study is the 2007 eruption of the Piton de la Fournaise, simulated using a high-resolution, coupled lava/atmospheric approach (derived from wildfire/atmosphere coupled code) to account for the strong, localized heat and gaseous fluxes occurring near the vent, over the lava flow, and at the lava–sea interface. Higher resolution requires fluxes over the lava flow to be explicitly simulated to account for the induced convection over the flow, local mixing, and dilution. Comparisons with air quality values at local stations show that the simulation is in good agreement with observations in terms of sulfur concentration and dynamics, and performs better than lower resolution simulation with parameterized surface fluxes. In particular, the explicit representation of the thermal flows associated with lava allows the associated thermal breezes to be represented. This local modification of the wind flow strongly impacts the organization of the volcanic convection (injection height) and the regional transport of the sulfur dioxide emitted at the vent. These results show that explicitly solving volcanic activity/atmosphere complex interactions provides realistic forecasts of induced pollution.
Microstructure and composition of multi-layered oxide scale evolved during isothermal exposure of ZrB2–SiC–LaB6 composite to air at 1500°C

ABSTRACT The ZrB2–SiC–LaB6 composite prepared by spark plasma sintering with B4C and C as additives was isothermally exposed in air at 1500°C for 24 h and the evolved oxide scale examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that a glassy borosilicate (BSG) layer with a thin film of La2Si2O7 had formed on the outermost surface of oxide scale, contributing to protection against oxidation. The detailed investigation of the cross-section of the oxide scale has revealed the formation of a layered microstructure formed by growth involving partial crystallisation of BSG forming ZrSiO4 along with re-precipitation of La2Si2O7 and ZrO2 after prior dissolution of La2O3 and ZrO2 in the glassy matrix.
Original Contribution Residential Proximity to Major Roadways, Fine Particulate Matter, and Hepatic Steatosis The FraminghamHeart Study

We examined associations between ambient air pollution and hepatic steatosis among 2,513 participants from the Framingham (Massachusetts) Offspring Study and Third Generation Cohort who underwent a computed tomography scan (2002–2005), after excluding men who reported >21 drinks/week and women who reported >14 drinks/week. We calculated each participant’s residential-based distance to a major roadway and used a spatiotemporal model to estimate the annual mean concentrations of fine particulate matter. Liver attenuation was measured by computed tomography, and liver-to-phantom ratio (LPR) was calculated. Lower values of LPR represent more liver fat. We estimated differences in continuous LPR using linear regression models and prevalence ratios for presence of hepatic steatosis (LPR ≤ 0.33) using generalized linear models, adjusting for demographics, individual and area-level measures of socioeconomic position, and clinical and lifestyle factors. Participants who lived 58m (25th percentile) from major roadways had lower LPR (β = −0.003, 95% confidence interval: −0.006, −0.001) and higher prevalence of hepatic steatosis (prevalence ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.28) than thosewho lived 416m (75th percentile) away. The 2003 annual average fine particulate matter concentration was not associated with liver-fat measurements. Our findings suggest that living closer tomajor roadways was associated withmore liver fat.
The Applicability of Species- and Trichothecene-Specific Primers in Monitoring the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex and Its Impact on the Surveillance of Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat in Serbia

Monitoring changes in the prevalence of Fusarium species and toxin production is an important tool for the integrated control of Fusarium head blight (FHB). However, methods for the high-throughput screening of Fusarium populations have been developed using isolates with limited geographic origins. In this study, we used species- and trichothecene-specific primers to monitor the F. graminearum species complex (FGSC) originating from Serbia. We also tested the applicability of the primers to the surveillance of FHB. We analyzed two hundred and ten isolates collected from thirty two locations and five winter wheat varieties over a three-year period. Using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), we investigated associations between Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and location, variety, members of the FGSC, and their predisposition for mycotoxin production. The results revealed that the species-specific primers were not specific for 11% of the F. graminearum population. The primer sets were 98.5%, 95.2%, and 92.4% effective in the multilocus genotyping of Tri7, Tri3, and Tri5 genes, respectively. We found that individual wheat varieties were associated with isolates that could not be characterized using species- and trichothecene-specific primers. Alternaria spp. had a significant influence (p < 0.001) on grain infection with F. graminearum, indicating the necessity to further investigate its impact on the pathogenesis of the F. graminearum clade.
The Transactional Horizons of Greta Thunberg

The paper aims at developing new understandings of agency, or capacity to make a difference, which is a central issue in childhood studies. Sixteen speeches delivered by climate activist Greta Thunberg between 2018 and 2019 are analyzed. The findings reveal 5 core reflexive operations (objectification, personification, sanctification, unification and diversification) underpinning the speeches. This is conducive to the hypothesis that Greta’s audience and the replications of demonstrations for climate justice are bound to 5 transactional horizons (activities, relations, values, images of self and motivations) identified as the symbolic landscapes channeling the social interactions in climate activism. Transactional horizons form a structure of intelligible categories linked to sensatory experience. These vectors of agency twist perceptual consciousness into a hierarchized reflective consciousness. The dominant perspective of agency within structure is challenged by this emerging paradigm of agency through structure, whereby the two terms are seen as fluid and sedimented states. Future directions are identified for interdisciplinary research, contributing to heightened awareness of recursive processes that may impact climate policies.
Supplementation of Fermented Moringa Leaf Powder (Moringa oleifera) on Feed Consumption, Egg Weight and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in Laying Duck

This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of fermented moringa leaf powder on feed consumption, egg weight, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of laying ducks. 60 laying ducks were randomized into four treatments i.e. (P0) 0% Moringa leaf powder fermentation, (P1) 0.5% Moringa leaf powder fermentation, (P2) 1% Moringa leaf powder fermentation, and (P3) 1.5% Moringa leaf fermentation. Treatment of concentration refered in 100% commercial feed for 3 weeks. The results showed that the adding of Moringa leaf powder fermentation to feed consumption in each treatment showed significantly different results (p <0.05) in each treatment, with the highest consumption at P2 (176.21 ± 0.92) and the lowest at P0 (158.21 ± 1.07). The results of the study on duck egg weight showed that P1, P2, P3 were significantly different with P0. The highest egg weight in P2 is (70.50 ± 0.34) and the lowest is P0 (66.98a ± 0.29). FCR of laying duck in each treatment showed significantly different results in each treatment, with the highest at P0 (3,81 ± 0,34) and the lowest at P2 (3,27 ± 0,09). In conclusion, the addition of 1% Moringa leaf powder in 100% of commercial feed can increase feed consumption, increase egg weight and decrease FCR.
The Role of Brand Experience and Student Engagement in the Creation of Brand Equity in a Higher Education Context

ABSTRACT Brand managers of higher education institutions undertake various activities to enhance the institutions’ brand equity. A key issue for managers is to enhance brand equity by engaging students with the brand and providing a good brand experience. The article examines the role of student engagement with the higher education institution brand in creating a positive higher education institutional brand equity. This study also investigates the role of brand experience as the driver of student engagement. Data was gathered via an online survey of 236 students and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The result indicates that brand experience plays a primary role in enhancing student engagement. The findings also show that student engagement mediates the relationship between brand experience and brand equity. These findings have implications for both theory and practice insofar as they establish how to enhance student engagement and eventually institutional brand equity through brand experience.
Utilization of Barley Straw as Feedstock for the Production of Different Energy Vectors

During the bioethanol production process, vast amounts of residues are generated as process waste. To extract more value from lignocellulosic biomass and improve process economics, these residues should be used as feedstock in additional processes for the production of energy or fuels. In this paper, barley straw was used for bioethanol production and the residues were valorized using anaerobic digestion (AD) or used for the production of heat and power by combustion. A traditional three-step bioethanol production process was used, and the biomass residues obtained from different stages of the process were analyzed. Finally, mass and energy balances were calculated to quantify material flow and assess the different technological routes for biomass utilization. Up to 90 kg of ethanol could be produced from 1 t of biomass and additional biogas and energy generated from processing residues can increase the energy yield to over 220%. The results show that in terms of energy output, combustion was the preferable route for processing biomass residues. However, the production of biogas is also an attractive solution to increase revenue in the bioethanol production process.
Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS)

Cataract surgery is ranked among the most frequent operations, affecting a population over 65 years of age.Its prognosis is often favorable, however, there are rare complications including inflammation of the anterior segment known as Anterior Segment Toxicity Syndrome . the majority of our patients were men and diabetes appear in almost half and all our patients present various symptoms the first 24 hours dominated by the attack of the anterior segment our therapeutic attitude consists in the use of corticosteroids and hypotonizers with a good evolution in the majority of patients.
TEACHERS’ PERCEIVED ATTITUDES TOWARD THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS AT PRIMARY SCHOOL

21st century education requires teachers to be able to understand the 21st century skills and apply them in daily classroom practice. Although necessary for teachers, research on investigating the teachers’ perceived attitudes toward the implementation of the 21st century skills for teaching English in primary schools in Bali is still limited. This study aimed to investigate primary school’s English teachers’ perceived attitudes toward the implementation of 21-century skills. The design of this study was a sequential embedded mixed method with dominantly used qualitative design. This study used 3 English teachers and two headmasters from 2 primary schools in Tabanan regency as the subject. The data were collected by using a questionnaire and interview to gain the data of teachers’ perceived attitudes toward the implementation of the 21 century skills. From the data that have been obtained, primary English teachers gave positive attitudes toward 95,8% of the skills in the implementation of 21 century skills. The interview section showed that the teacher lacks understanding of 21st century skills because of a lack of in-depth information about 21st century skills. Moreover, the teachers have to be aware of 21 century skills in the assessment as one of the concepts that are adapted for Kurikulum 2013.
Community Pharmacies Treatment Practices of Malaria and Residents’ Pattern of Antimalarial Drug Use in Abura Community, Cape Coast Metropolis-Ghana

Background: Community pharmacies are health care facilities that allows the public access to their medications, counselling, and advice about their health. Community pharmacies play critical role in the health delivery systems of several countries especially in developing countries and serve as the first point of call for the treatment and management of many ailments, including malaria. The study therefore examined community pharmacies treatment practices of malaria and residents’ pattern of antimalarial drug use in Abura Community, in the Cape Coast Metropolis of the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey involving 301 study participants from the Abura Community (Cape Coast Metropolis). A structured questionnaire was Original Research Article Tettey et al.; JAMMR, 33(8): 79-87, 2021; Article no.JAMMR. 66912 80 used to collect information from the study participants using accidental sampling technique. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS version 23.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: The age range of our study was between 15 and 60 years. Females were the majority (52.5%). The self-reported use of unprescribed antimalarial drugs was 41%. The source of the drugs were mainly community pharmacies, licenced chemical shops, self-herbal preparations, and left-over antimalarial drugs. Conclusion: A high proportion of our study participants reported self-medication of non-prescribed antimalarial drugs. These antimalarials included both orthodox and herbal medications, which were sourced from outlets like community pharmacies, licenced chemical sellers, and home herbal preparations. There is the need to intensify monitoring, public health education on self-medication and the training of staff of community pharmacies to ensure effective treatment and management of malaria at the community level.
A New Natural Compound with Cytotoxic Activity from Tripterygium hypoglaucum

Objective To find antitumor constituents from Tripterygium hypoglaucum. Methods The chloroform extract of T. hypoglaucum was separated by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures of compounds isolated were identified by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. Results Seven compounds were isolated and identified as rhein ethyl ester (1), chrysophenol (2), physcion (3), emodin (4), wilfordine (5), wilforgine (6), and wilforine (7). The cytotoxic activities of the compounds against cancer cell lines were assayed. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new natural compound with strong activities against human cancer cell lines (A2780 and OVCAR-3). Compounds 2-4 are isolated from this genus plants for the first time. The possible structure-activity relationship among compounds 1-4 shows that the methoxy group or oxyethyl moiety might be responsible for the cytotoxity.
Histopathological alterations in gills, kidney and liver of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings exposed to aqueous leaf extract of Desert Date (Balanites aegyptiaca)

One of the many biomarkers for determining the effects of pollutants on fish is changes in organ histopathology. Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca have been reported to have phytochemicals with fish anaesthetic property. This study sought to determine the effect of graded acute concentrations (200.00, 250.00, 300.00.350.00 and 400.00 mg/L) of B. aegyptiaca on histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of mixed sex of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. A total of 120 O. niloticus fingerlings (mean weight 23±0.03 g and mean total length 12.50±0.39 cm) were exposed to the plant extract. Paraffin wax method and haematoxylin-eosin staining techniques of tissue processing were adopted for the examination of the gills, kidney and liver. Dose-dependent histopathological changes were observed in the three organs (gills, kidney and liver) i.e. histopathological alterations increase with increase in concentration of the plant extract. Gills showed lamellae fusion, haemorrhage, desquamation, atrophy and secondary lamellae erosion while kidney and liver indicated atrophy, necrosis, haemorrhage, hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Structural alterations were evident in the gills, kidney and liver of O. niloticus fingerlings exposed to the concentrations of aqueous crude leaf extract of B. aegyptiaca therefore it should be used with caution during fish anaesthesia. Keywords: Histopathology; Gill; Kidney; Liver; Balanites aegyptiaca; Oreochromis niloticus.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF MULTINATIONAL, AUDIT QUALITY AND COMPANY SIZE ON THIN CAPITALIZATION OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX

Tax avoidance can be carried out through some schemes, one of them is through thin capitalization. Thin capitalization is a tax avoidance practice carried out by companies through financing their business from high debt instead of capital. In Indonesia, thin capitalization is first regulated in KMK-1002 / KMK.04 / 1984 which later changed to PMK 169 / PMK.010 / 2015. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of multinational, quality audits, and company size on thin capitalization. The research object includes manufacturing companies listed on IDX within the period of 2017 - 2019. The sample obtained includes 299 companies. This study uses secondary data in the form of financial reports. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple regression analysis. The results show that multinational have no effect on thin capitalization, audit quality has negative effect on thin capitalization and firm size has positive effect on thin capitalization.
The Globally Coherent Pattern of Autumn Monsoon Precipitation

Over most tropical land areas, the annual peak in precipitation occurs during summer, associated with the local monsoon circulation. However, in some coastal regions in the tropics the bulk of annual precipitation occurs in autumn, after the low-level summer monsoon westerlies have abated. Examples include the Nordeste region of Brazil, southeastern India and Sri Lanka, and coastal Tanzania. Unlike equatorial regions, they receive little rainfall during local spring. Such regions are present along the eastern coasts of nearly all continents, suggesting that they comprise a coherent yet previously unrecognized global phenomenon.In this study, we identify eight tropical locations that experience an “autumn monsoon” and show that this unusual seasonal cycle is generated by similar mechanisms in all of these. When these regions receive their peak rainfall, they lie poleward of the ITCZ in easterly low-level winds. The spatial structure of precipitation in these regions can be explained by their placement to the east of mountain ranges that organize moist convection on their windward sides. However, orographic forcing alone cannot explain their unique seasonal cycle: despite similarities in wind direction, surface humidity, and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) between autumn and spring, these regions receive significantly more rainfall in autumn than in spring. We show that this is due to differences in the large-scale atmospheric stability between the equinoctial seasons, which can be captured by a relative SST metric and is influenced by SSTs in the remote eastern upwelling zones of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
Nucleation and Post-Nucleation Growth in Diffusion-Controlled and Hydrodynamic Theory of Solidification

Two-step nucleation and subsequent growth processes were investigated in the framework of the single mode phase-field crystal model combined with diffusive dynamics (corresponding to colloid suspensions) and hydrodynamical density relaxation (simple liquids). It is found that independently of dynamics, nucleation starts with the formation of solid precursor clusters that consist of domains with noncrystalline ordering (ringlike projections are seen from certain angles), and regions that have amorphous structure. Using the average bond order parameter q¯6, we distinguished amorphous, medium range crystallike order (MRCO), and crystalline local orders. We show that crystallization to the stable body-centered cubic phase is preceded by the formation of a mixture of amorphous and MRCO structures. We have determined the time dependence of the phase composition of the forming solid state. We also investigated the time/size dependence of the growth rate for solidification. The bond order analysis indicates similar structural transitions during solidification in the case of diffusive and hydrodynamic density relaxation.
Taxonomic study of the genus Microplitis Förster, 1862 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Iran

The genus Microplitis Förster, 1862 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) was studied from northern Iran. Specimens were collected using Malaise traps during 2010–2011. A total of 13 species were collected and identifi ed, of which six species are recorded for the fi rst time from Iran: M. cebes Nixon, 1970, M. docilis Nixon, 1970, M. eremitus Reinhard, 1880, M. kaszabi Papp, 1980, M. pallidipennis Tobias, 1964 and M. varipes (Ruthe, 1860). Two species M. kaszabi and M. pallidipennis are new records for the west Palaearctic region. A new species, Microplitis alborziensis Abdoli & Talebi sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The number of species of Microplitis in Iran is now raised from 17 to 24. A faunistic list, an identifi cation key to all known Iranian species and brief diagnoses and illustrations for all species that have been collected in this study are provided. The validity of the new species is supported by DNA barcoding.
Supervisory relationship in cyber supervision: Implications for social work supervision

There is a dearth of research in supervisory relationships in the emerging practice of cyber supervision. This study explores supervisees’ perception of supervision experience and the building of supervisory relationships on a cyber platform. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 participants in a nationwide supervision training programme. The findings revealed three themes concerning supervisees’ perception of satisfaction with the online supervisory relationship – the elements that hinder and facilitate relationships – and their impacts on future cyber supervision. The study helped to increase understanding of relationship building on cyber platforms and will have implications for future cyber supervision.