Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To Distill or Not to Distill: Toward Fast, Accurate, and Communication-Efficient Federated Distillation Learning

Apart from the promising potential, federated learning (FL) faces challenges, such as high communication costs and client heterogeneity. Although numerous works have been proposed to address these issues, they lack a holistic perspective to balance all requirements. Moreover, these solutions have not fully utilized the underlying computation capability and network resources, resulting in suboptimal tradeoffs between communication efficiency and inference accuracy. To overcome these challenges, we propose FDL: a federated distillation (FD) learning framework that combines FD and FL to fully utilize computation and network resources. We theoretically prove the convergence bound of the proposed FDL framework. Furthermore, to minimize the training time while maintaining inference accuracy, we design HAD: a heterogeneity-aware FL/FD selection algorithm that determines the total communication rounds and selects the set of FL and FD nodes in each communication round. The optimality of HAD is also theoretically proved. The FDL framework and HAD algorithm together minimize the training time while satisfying the inference accuracy in a heterogeneous and dynamic environment. Extensive experiments on various learning algorithms and data sets show that the proposed FDL-HAD solution can obtain the optimal selection decision in overwhelmingly less selection time compared with the Gurobi solver and can reduce the overall training time by at least 44.8% compared with FL solutions with the same inference accuracy.
Minimally Invasive versus Open Distal Pancreatectomy in the 2020s: Recent Institutional Experience and a Narrative Review of Current Evidence

(1) Background: Distal pancreatectomy is a standard treatment for tumours of the pancreatic body and tail. Minimally invasive techniques for all types of pancreatic tumours (benign and malignant) are being established, while concerns regarding oncological safety, cost effectiveness and learning curves are being explored with prospective studies. This paper presents our unit’s data in the context of the above concerns and provides a relevant narrative review of the current literature. (2) Methods: Data were collected retrospectively between 2014 and 2021 for all adult patients who underwent elective distal pancreatectomy in our tertiary care referral HPB Unit. Data on demographics, underlying pathology, perioperative variables and post-operative complications were collected and reported using descriptive statistics. On review of the Miami guidelines, four important but less validated areas regarding distal pancreatectomy are presented in light of the current evidence; these are recent randomised controlled trials, oncological safety, cost effectiveness and learning curves in minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP). (3) Results: 207 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy in total from 2014–2021, with 114 and 93 patients undergoing open and minimally invasive techniques, respectively. 44 patients were operated on for PDAC in the open vs. 17 in the minimally invasive group. The operative time was 212 min for the open and 248 min for the minimally invasive group. The incidence of pancreatic fistula was higher in the minimally invasive group vs. the open group (16% vs. 4%). (4) Conclusions: Our unit’s data conform with the published literature, including three randomised control trials. These published studies will not only pave the way for establishing minimally invasive techniques for suitable patients, but also define their limitations and indications. Future studies will inform us about the oncological safety, cost effectiveness, overall survival and learning curves regarding patients undergoing minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy.
Educational Park of Sampah Sahabatku in Growing the Environmental Care of Students SDN 1 Muntang

Waste management is an important thing that should be taught from an early age, especially elementary school age, as well as to increase student awareness of the environment. Sampah Sahabatku Educational Park which is located in Muntang, Kemangkon, Purbalingga, Central Java is a public organization that focuses on waste management. One of Sampah Sahabatku Educational Park’s partners in waste management education for children is SD Negeri 1 Muntang. The purpose of this research is to find out, study, and describe the role of Sampah Sahabatku Educational Park in increasing the environmental care character of SD Negeri 1 Muntang students. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach to data collection methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique of this research is descriptive-qualitative. Sampah Sahabatku Educational Park provides knowledge on how to dispose, sort, and process waste into saleable goods with the concept of learning while playing. The socialization activities caried out by Sampah Sahabatku Educational Park were able to improve the environmental care character of SD Negeri 1 Muntang students, but continuous and intense education is still needed so that all students are able to manage various types of waste properly. In addition, training is needed to process waste into saleable crafts so that it can become a Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) program from SD Negeri 1 Muntang.
Crossed Siamese Vision Graph Neural Network for Remote-Sensing Image Change Detection

The development of deep learning in remote-sensing (RS) visual tasks has led to remarkable progress in RS image change detection (CD). However, RS bi-temporal images cover complex and confusing scenes due to natural environmental factors, which presents challenges for CD tasks. How to effectively exploit long-range dependencies and sensitively discriminate real changes with various scales from pseudo-changes are urgent problems. It is especially obvious for the changes in building structures man-made. This article presents a CD approach named CSViG, which utilizes a Siamese vision graph neural network (SViG) with crossed feature fusion. SViG acts as a feature extractor to capture richer short- and long-range dependencies. Crossed feature fusion consists of a horizontal feature fusion module (HFFM) and a vertical feature fusion module (VFFM). HFFM designs a cross-concatenation (CC) way to reveal real changes from pseudo-changes in the same horizontal stage, after which global and local features are extracted by using an attention mechanism and multiscale depth-wise separable convolution (DSConv). VFFM further fuses complementary content from vertical multiple stages to effectively represent change regions of different sizes (tiny or huge) by using an attention mechanism. Extensive comparative experiments conducted on three available building CD datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better CD performance than previous counterparts.
Representation of Modes of Atmospheric Circulation Variability by Self‐Organizing Maps: A Study Using Synthetic Data

Self‐organizing maps (SOMs) represent a popular tool for classifying atmospheric circulation patterns. One of their traditional applications has been to link typical synoptic‐scale patterns to large‐scale teleconnections, or modes of low‐frequency circulation variability. However, recently there have been attempts to interpret an array of SOM nodes directly as a continuum of teleconnections, grounded in SOMs' ability to combine two otherwise distinct approaches to data analysis, that is, exploratory projection (or, dimensionality reduction) and classification. This conceptual shift calls for methodological studies that would improve our understanding of how orthogonal modes of variability, typically used to describe teleconnections, relate to SOM outputs. Here, we define three idealized modes of variability and use their various combinations to generate synthetic data sets. Many variants of SOMs are generated for SOMs of various shapes and sizes. The results show that projection of modes on a SOM array is sensitive not only to data structure, but also to various SOM parameters. The leading mode of variability projects rather strongly on SOMs if its explained variance is markedly higher than that of the second‐order mode; the remaining modes project considerably more weakly, and all modes tend to blend when their explained variance is similar, which leads to underrepresentation of some phases of modes and/or combinations of modes among the SOM patterns. Furthermore, we show that some features of SOM topology that were previously considered a proof of data nonlinearity appear even if the underlying modes of variability are strictly linear.
Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia anthracnose in China

Species of Camellia oleifera , Ca. sinensis and Ca. japonica represent globally-important tree germplasm resource and have significant ecological and economic value. However, they have suffered from anthracnose caused by pathogenic fungi from the genus of Colletotrichum . To determine the diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia anthracnose in China
The Effects of Negative Pressure Induced by Flow Separation Vortices on Vocal Fold Dynamics during Voice Production

This study used a two-dimensional flow-structure-interaction computer model to investigate the effects of flow-separation-vortex-induced negative pressure on vocal fold vibration and flow dynamics during vocal fold vibration. The study found that negative pressure induced by flow separation vortices enhances vocal fold vibration by increasing aeroelastic energy transfer during vibration. The result showed that the intraglottal pressure was predominantly negative after flow separation before gradually recovering to zero at the glottis exit. When the negative pressure was removed, the vibration amplitude and flow rate were reduced by up to 20%, and the closing speed, flow skewness quotient, and maximum flow declination rate were reduced by up to 40%. The study provides insights into the complex interactions between flow dynamics, vocal fold vibration, and energy transfer during voice production.
Fine Grid Dynamic Features of Population Distribution in Shenzhen

Shenzhen is the most densely populated city in China.In order to respond to emergencies,such as natural disasters,real time high resolution dynamic information of population distribution is needed.This paper analyzes the fine grid dynamic characteristics of Shenzhen population distribution,using the information of population density in respect of which the temporal resolution is an hour and the spatial resolution is a kilometer provided by the "Dynamic Monitoring System of Population Distribution Based on Mobile Stations". The mobile subscribers in Shenzhen total to 10.8259 million.The average population density is 5545 people/km2,and the maximum density reaches 165,000 people/km2.High density areas which have more than 50,000 people/km2 are mainly the business centers,custom ports,railway stations,and large residential communities.The value of the maximum population density depends on the size of grid used,for example the value of 1 km2 grid is about 18 times than the value of 1000 km2 grid.Some 50% of the population in Shenzhen is concentrated in 10% of the city's spatial area,and 60% resides in the areas where altitudes are between 50 m to 100 m.The building density and the road density on the grid are linearly correlated with population density,that is,1000 people are added when the building density increases by 1%,and about 2,000 people are added when the road density increases by 0.01%. The total population of a city is relatively stable during a period of time,the variation of which is commonly less than 4% and the daily variation is about 1%. Shenzhen is a typical immigration city,and the total population will decrease by 48% during the Chinese New Year because a lot of people will go back to their hometowns or traval around.This paper selects 9 typical grids to analyze the daily variation of the population and they are as follows:custom ports have a morning peak,and people going outbound crowd here at about 8 a.m.;bazaar areas have a noon peak;business centers have an evening peak with a net inflow/outflow over 20,000 people/hr;residential communities have a noon trough,and the density of population is always bigger on the weekends than on the weekdays;in the government offices and public service areas,there are fewer people on the weekends than on the weekdays and the population is decreased by 75% during the Chinese New Year;the factory area has a peak of population at about 4 a.m.because of the peak load shifting;outing area is more crowded during the holidays and weekends;in the out-of-the-way area,the daily variation of population is very little;and in the farming area,there is a morning trough of population at about 9 a.m.which corresponds to the traditional farming habits.
Empirical Study of Spatial-temporal Differences of Urban Land Use Intensity Based on DPSIR Model:A Case of Hubei Province

The purpose of this study is to explore the evaluation methods for urban intensive land use,and analyze the spatial-temporal differences as well as the influencing factors of twelve cities in Hubei Province from 2002 to 2006.Method of DPSIR model and principal component analysis are employed.The empirical study shows that the spatial differences of land use intensity are obvious.Cities along the Yangtze River have higher degrees and are accumulation zone of intensive land use,while the degrees in northwestern and southeastern cities are low.The land use intensities in these cities had been improving from 2002 — 2006,the intensity levels varied a lot however.The evaluation method for urban intensive land use based on DPSIR model can reduce the impact of subjectivity,explain the relationship between correlations of the indicators and the level of land use intensity,and reveal the spatial-temporal differences of land use intensity.
Essential Oils Produce Developmental Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos and Cause Behavior Changes in Zebrafish Larvae

Essential oils have gained significant popularity in various industries due to their biological properties, but their potential toxic effects on living organisms have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lemongrass, thyme, and oregano essential oils on zebrafish embryos and larvae as animal models. Embryos were exposed to different concentrations of essential oils, and various endpoints were assessed, including epiboly, mortality (LC50), morphometry, and behavioral changes. All three essential oils reduced epiboly, affecting embryonic development. LC50 values were calculated for lemongrass (3.7 µg/mL), thyme (14.4 µg/mL), and oregano (5.3 µg/mL) oils. Larvae exposed to these oils displayed morphological defects, including growth reduction, spinal deformation, pericardial edema, eye size reduction, and reduced swim-bladder inflation. Morphometric analysis confirmed reduced larval length at higher oil concentrations. Essential-oil exposure altered zebrafish larval swimming behavior, with lemongrass oil reducing dark-cycle activity and oregano oil increasing light-cycle activity, suggesting neurodevelopmental toxicity. These findings illustrate the adverse effects of these oils on zebrafish embryos and larvae and reveal essential-oil toxicity, indicating careful use should be considered, particularly during pregnancy.
ENHANCING TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATORS TO ACCOMMODATE VERNACULAR LANGUAGE DIVERSITIES IN HANANG DISTRICT, TANZANIA

The study assessed public primary school teachers' strategies for accommodating learners with vernacular language backgrounds in Hanang District, Tanzania. The study involved 110 participants, including 44 teachers and 49 pupils, 4 Ward Education Officers, 1 School Quality Assurance Officer, 1 District Primary Academic Officer, and 11 head teachers. The study employed a mixed research approach. The study selected the sample size using simple random and purposive sampling, and we collected the data through questionnaires, interviews, and observation. The collected data was analyzed using computer software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). The study's findings indicated that most public primary school teachers in Hanang used multiple teaching strategies, such as songs, total physical response, questions and answers, the direct method, and reading aloud, to accommodate pupils with vernacular language backgrounds. These strategies were most frequently employed in lower levels, exceptionally standard one and two. Further, primary school teachers were using teaching and learning materials like pictures, photographs, drawings, cards, flip charts, and natural objects. Also, primary school teachers assess and evaluate their pupils through written exercises, tests, questions and answers, and oral quizzes. The study concluded that multiple teaching strategies helped learners with vernacular backgrounds in public primary schools to master Kiswahili. Also, the assessment and evaluation tools in public primary schools effectively accommodated all pupils’ capabilities and levels of skills. Therefore, teachers should construct standard tests. Hence, the study recommended that the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST) organize seminars, workshops and in-service training (IN-SET) to update and impart new knowledge to the teachers on using teaching strategies and preparing practical assessment tools. The government should also employ enough primary school teachers specialized in early childhood education, construct many classrooms and supply sufficient and relevant teaching and learning materials. Article visualizations:
Teleseismic tomography of the mantle in the Carpathian–Pannonian region of central Europe

SUMMARY Subducted slab roll-back, lithospheric instability and asthenospheric extrusion have all been proposed as mechanisms that explain the evolution of the extensional Pannonian Basin, within the convergent arc of the Alpine–Carpathian mountain system in central Europe. We determine the P- and S-wave velocity structure of the mantle to depths of 850 km beneath this region using tomographic inversion of relative arrival-time residuals from 225 (P waves) and 124 (S waves) teleseismic earthquakes recorded by 56 stations of the Carpathian Basins Project (CBP) temporary seismic network (16-month duration) and 44 permanent seismic stations. The observed median P-wave relative arrival-time residuals vary between −1.13 s (early) in the Alps and 1.12 s (late) at the western end of the Carpathians; S-wave relative arrival-time residuals are about twice as large (−2.13 s and 3.39 s). We tested the effect of deterministic corrections on our relative arrival-time residuals using crustal velocity models from controlled source experiments, but show that the use of station terms in the inversion provides a robust method of correcting for near-surface crustal variation. Our tomographic models reduce the P-wave rms residual by 71 per cent to 0.130 s and our S-wave rms residual by 59 per cent to 0.624 s. At shallow sublithospheric depths we image several localized lower velocity regions, correlated with higher heat flow and interpreted as upwelling asthenosphere. We image a high velocity structure down to depths of about 350 km beneath the Eastern Alps. Further east, beneath the Pannonian Basin, a deeper continuation of the Eastern Alps fast anomaly is imaged trending E–W from ∼300 km depth and extending into the mantle transition zone (MTZ). In the MTZ we image a fast anomaly extending outwards as far as the Carpathians, the Dinarides and the Eastern Alps. This higher velocity mantle material is interpreted as being produced by a mantle downwelling, whose detachment from the lithosphere above may have triggered the extension of the Pannonian Basin.
THE MESOZOIC FAMILY ARCHIZELMIRIDAE (DIPTERA: INSECTA)

Abstract A nematocerous fly family known previously only from one species and specimen from the Upper Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan, Archizelmiridae is expanded here to include additional records preserved as compression fossils and ones in amber. The compressions are from the Upper Jurassic of Shar-Teg, Mongolia and Lower Cretaceous of Baissa, Transbaikal, with a new species, Archizelmira baissa, from Baissa. Particularly significant are three finely preserved new species and genera in ambers from the Cretaceous Period: Zelmiarcha lebanensis (Lebanon: Lower Aptian), Archimelzira americana (New Jersey: Turonian), and Burmazelmira aristica (Burma [Myanmar]: mid-Cretaceous). The latter two species interestingly possess stylate antennae, those of Burmazelmira being the only aristate antennae in the order Diptera outside the suborder Brachycera. A cladogram is presented for the relationships among archizelmirid species, cladistic rank of which correlates with stratigraphic age. Transformation series of the antennal flagellum in Archizelmiridae corresponds with one recently hypothesized for the Brachycera, wherein the style and arista are derived from the apical flagellomere(s). The family appears to be a member of the extant group Sciaroidea, which includes fungus gnats and gall midges, though precise relationships remain unclear.
Soil Thaw and Temperature Response to Air Warming Varies by Plant Community: Results from an Open-top Chamber Experiment in Northern Alaska

Abstract This study is presented against the background that climate warming is predicted to continue in much of the Arctic through the next century and that small greenhouse chambers have been used widely to warm tundra communities in order to forecast climate-related changes. It reports results from up to 8 years of experimental warming with ∼1 m2 open-top chambers (OTCs) at four tundra communities near Barrow (71°18′N, 156°40′W) and Atqasuk (70°29′N, 157°25′W) in northern Alaska. Between 1994 and 2002 the OTCs increased the mean growing season air temperature by between 0.6 and 2.2°C, depending on the site and year. The change in average July soil temperature recorded over 3 years at 10 cm depth due to the OTCs varied between −0.8 and 0.7°C, depending on the site. Changes in soil temperature did not result in detectable differences in thaw depth at any site. This is interpreted to be the result of the small size of the OTCs and possibly changes in vegetation. The differences in warming profiles between sites are important for the biological interpretation of manipulative warming experiments. These profiles also illustrate that vertical heat exchange varies according to plant community type and that this may be an important consideration as the region undergoes climatic change.