Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Shoulder Pain and Disability Among Saudi Office Workers

Background and objective Shoulder pain stands out as the most prevalent musculoskeletal issue that office workers face. This type of pain has been observed to be linked to various aspects of one's job. To address this concern, the current research endeavors to examine the impact of digital device use on the intensity of shoulder pain and the extent of disability experienced by office employees in Saudi Arabia. This study is driven by two principal objectives. Firstly, it aims to assess the overall occurrence of shoulder discomfort and functional limitations among the Saudi office worker population. Secondly, it seeks to draw comparisons between the parameters of the shoulder pain and disability scale and the amount of time spent using electronic screens. Methodology This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We recruited 150 participants to measure shoulder pain and disability among office workers. The study was carried out to determine the general frequency of shoulder discomfort and impairment by using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The survey was conducted online in June 2022 via Google Forms. The survey questions included data regarding age, sex, year of study, exercise, and duration of computer time per day (hours). Results This study recruited 150 participants to measure shoulder pain and disability among office workers. The mean age of the cohort was 42.56 ± 2.56 years. Among the total participants, 90 (60%) were male, and 60 (40%) were female. We observed that pain parameters had a negative correlation of -0.008 with screen time. The participants who had high shoulder pain and disability scores were older in age and spent less than two hours on screens, which affects the correlation results, and hence we recommend performing a study involving the younger population working on screen for more than four hours to find the better correlation. At the same time, the shoulder disability score reported a correlation of 0.05, and the overall correlation between SPADI and screen time was observed to be 0.04. Based on these findings, the present study observed a weak correlation between SPADI and screen time. Conclusion These results suggest that while there may be some association between screen time and shoulder pain and disability, it is not substantial. Therefore, it is unlikely that screen time alone significantly contributes to the occurrence or severity of shoulder pain and disability among office workers. Additional factors and variables may need to be explored in future research to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this issue.
Body reprogramming for fibromyalgia and central sensitivity syndrome: A preliminary evaluation

Objectives: Central sensitivity syndrome disorders such as fibromyalgia, provoke continued debate, highlighting diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. The Hyland model provides a way of understanding and treating the medically unexplained symptoms of central sensitivity syndromes using complexity theory and principles of adaption in network systems. The body reprogramming is a multi-modal intervention based on the Hyland model designed for patients living with medically unexplained symptoms. This preliminary, naturalistic and single-arm service evaluation set out to evaluate outcome after attending a body reprogramming course in patients living with fibromyalgia or central sensitivity syndrome. Methods: Patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia or central sensitivity syndrome were recruited. The body reprogramming courses consisting of eight sessions, each 2.5 h in length, were run at two study sites in England. Data were collected at baseline, post course and 3-months post course using questionnaires assessing symptomatology (FIQR/SIQR), Depression (PHQ9), Anxiety (GAD7) and quality of life (GQoL). Repeated measures t-tests were used, and all comparisons were conducted on an intention to treat basis. Results: In total, 198 patients with a mean age of 47.73 years were enrolled on the body reprogramming courses. Statistically and clinically significant improvement were observed in the FIQR from baseline to post course (mean change: 11.28) and baseline to follow-up (mean change: 15.09). PHQ9 scores also improved significantly from baseline to post course (mean reduction 3.72) and baseline to follow-up (mean reduction 5.59). Conclusions: Our study provides first evidence that the body reprogramming intervention is an effective approach for patients living with fibromyalgia or central sensitivity syndromes on a variety of clinical measures. Besides these promising results, important limitations of the study are discussed, and larger randomized controlled trials are clearly warranted.
Impaired Lumbar Extensor Force Control Is Associated with Increased Lifting Knee Velocity in People with Chronic Low-Back Pain

The ability of the lumbar extensor muscles to accurately control static and dynamic forces is important during daily activities such as lifting. Lumbar extensor force control is impaired in low-back pain patients and may therefore explain the variances in lifting kinematics. Thirty-three chronic low-back pain participants were instructed to lift weight using a self-selected technique. Participants also performed an isometric lumbar extension task where they increased and decreased their lumbar extensor force output to match a variable target force within 20–50% lumbar extensor maximal voluntary contraction. Lifting trunk and lower limb range of motion and angular velocity variables derived from phase plane analysis in all planes were calculated. Lumbar extensor force control was analyzed by calculating the Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) between the participants’ force and the target force during the increasing (RMSEA), decreasing (RMSED) force portions and for the overall force error (RMSET) of the test. The relationship between lifting kinematics and RMSE variables was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Knee angular velocity in the sagittal and coronal planes were positively associated with RMSEA (R2 = 0.10, β = 0.35, p = 0.046 and R2 = 0.21, β = 0.48, p = 0.004, respectively). Impaired lumbar extensor force control is associated with increased multiplanar knee movement velocity during lifting. The study findings suggest a potential relationship between lumbar and lower limb neuromuscular function in people with chronic low-back pain.
A JUVENILE PLIOSAUROID PLESIOSAUR (REPTILIA: SAUROPTERYGIA) FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA

Abstract A partial skeleton tentatively referred to the Lower Cretaceous pliosauroid genus Leptocleidus is described from predominantly Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) opal-bearing deposits of the Bulldog Shale near Andamooka in South Australia. Small size coupled with incomplete fusion of the basicranial elements, vertebral centra, neural arches and cervical ribs, and incomplete ossification of the articular surfaces on the propodials and distal limb bones, indicate that the specimen was at an early stage in its ontogeny. Comparison with more mature specimens attributed to Leptocleidus spp. highlights several growth-related differences, particularly a marked disparity in proportions of the humerus and femur relative to the estimated maximum body length. Changes in the cranial skeleton during growth are harder to document because of the fragmentary nature of the skull. Nevertheless, fusion of some cranial sutures and well-developed cranial joint surfaces suggest that extensive ossification may have taken place in parts of the skull during early ontogeny. The potential implications of these findings for feeding, locomotion, and behavior in juvenile plesiosaurs are discussed.
Can Current AGCMs Reproduce Historical Changes in the Atmospheric Diabatic Heating over the Tibetan Plateau?

Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated a persistent decreasing trend in the spring sensible heat (SH) source over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the past three decades. By comparing simulations from nine state-of-the-art atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) driven by historical forcing fields with both observational data and five reanalysis datasets, the authors found that the AGCMs are unable to reproduce the change in the SH flux over the TP. This deficiency arises because the observed decreasing trend in SH flux depends primarily on the change in surface wind speed according to the bulk formula, whereas in the models it is also influenced largely by changes in the land-air temperature difference related to the systematic cold bias. In addition, an obvious discrepancy exists in other aspects of the diabatic heating simulated by the models, suggesting that a significant improvement is required in the physical schemes associated with land surface processes and diabatic heating over the complicated topography.
When do folds unfold during progressive shear

Folded layers in rocks can be stretched again, potentially unfolding the folds back to straight layers. Little is known, however, about how to recognize partly or even entirely unfolded layers. When folded layers can unfold, what determines their mechanical behavior, and how can we recognize them in the field? In order to address these questions, we present a series of numerical simulations of the stretching of previously folded single layers and multilayers in simple shear. Layers do not completely unfold when they undergo softening before or during the stretching process, or when adjacent competent layers prevent them from unfolding. Intrafolial folds and cusp-like folds adjacent to straight layers as well as variations in fold amplitudes and limb lengths of irregular folds are indicative of stretching of a fold train.
Studying macro- and microvascular responses to major surgery to develop preventive strategies for perioperative complications

The microcirculation is the ultimate goal of haemodynamic optimization in the perioperative and critical care setting. In this fourth end-of-year summary of the Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing on this topic, we take a closer look at papers published in the last 2 years that focus on this important aspect. The majority of these papers investigated the use of either cerebral or peripheral tissue oxygen saturation, derived non-invasively using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In some of these studies, the microcirculation was “provocated” by inducing short-term tissue hypoxia, allowing the assessment of functional microvascular reserve. Additionally, studies on technical differences between NIRS monitors are summarized, as well as studies investigating the feasibility of NIRS monitoring, mainly in the paediatric patient population. Last but not least, novel monitoring tools allow assessing oxygenation at a (sub)cellular level, and those papers incorporating these techniques are also reviewed here.
La conjunción y interclausular: Significados pragmáticos y estructura sintáctica

The aim of this paper is to discuss certain pragmatic and syntactic aspects of the conjunction y in contexts of interclausal coordination. From Grice (1975, 1981) on, the pragmatic tradition has generally accepted that the semantic properties of y are equivalent to those of its logical counterpart & , and that the additional meanings that y conveys in instances of asymmetric coordination (i.e., The lights were switched on and the singer walked onto the stage ) may be thought of as conversational implicatures (Harnish 1976, Posner 1980, Levinson 2000). Also, the classical generative works on the syntax of coordination (Zoerner 1995, Johannesen 1998) assume that y is the head of a CoordP (i.e., coordination phrase), in which the second conjoined phrase is a complement of the head, and the first is its specifier. The aim of this paper is twofold: to discuss both of these hypotheses and to shed some light on the relation between the possible readings of coordination and its syntax. From the pragmatic standpoint, and in line with the developments resulting from Relevance Theory (Sperber y Wilson 1986; Carston 1988, 1993, 2002; Blakemore y Carston 2003; Wilson y Sperber 2004), we will say that the asymmetry in coordination is not a conversational implicature obtained from the utterance, but an inferential enrichment of its explicit content. From the syntactic point of view, and in line with the works of Bjorkman (2013) and Zhang (2010), we will propose alternative structures for the CoordP, which we will argue are the input for the different interpretations.
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF LANDRACE AND LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRE PIGS UNDER TROPICAL MARITIME MONSOON CLIMATE

A study was conducted to assess and compare growth performance of Landrace and Large White Yorkshire weaned pigs under maritime monsoon climate. Body weights and body measurements were recorded at fortnight intervals. The final body weight at 180 days of age was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Landrace compared to Large White Yorkshire. The overall average daily gain was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Landrace. No significant difference in feed conversion efficiency between Landrace (4.09 ± 0.12) and Large White Yorkshire (4.17 ± 0.13) was noticed. The body length was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Landrace but the heart girth and height at withers were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Large White Yorkshire. The post weaning growth performance in terms of body weight and average daily gain was substantially better in Landrace over that of Large White Yorkshire pigs.
An Efficient Restricted Flooding Based Route Discovery (RFBRD) Scheme for AODV Routing

– AODV is one of the widely used routing schemes in WSN and MANET due to its on-demand characteristics and low overhead. The excessive flooding at the time of route discovery consumes lots of node energy. The network performance deteriorates due to the unconstrained and blind flooding of route request (RREQ) packets. The excessive flooding mechanism accounts for multiple reception of RREQ packets at nodes. It causes unwanted path loops, and packet collisions thus exhausting the node batteries. The restricted flooding-based route discovery (RFBRD) mechanism introduced in this paper adopts two different strategies for receiving first and subsequent RREQ packets before they are forwarded. On reception of the first RREQ at an intermediate node, the RREQ is forwarded/restricted based on node densities evaluated for the neighbourhood as well as the network. Four regions and five probabilities are considered based on node densities in the neighbourhood and the network. The mobile nodes lying in the low-density region are allowed to transmit the RREQ packets with higher probability as compared to other nodes present in high-density regions when the RREQ is received for the first time. For subsequent RREQ packets at an intermediate node, the RREQ is forwarded/restricted based on energy ratios and is allowed to forward the RREQ packets, if the node has sufficient residual energy concerning neighbourhood and network energies. Simulation analysis showed enhanced and improved performance in terms of end-to-end delay, and network residual energy concerning traditional AODV.
Structural Petrology of the Ronda Peridotite, SW Spain: Deformation History

Solid bodies of upper-mantle peridotite, emplaced in the Betic-Rifchains of SW Spain and North Morocco, show a variety of structures developed under different metamorphic conditions. These structures and related metamorphism reflect tectonic processes in the West Mediterranean mantle during orogeny in the Betic-Rif realm. The largest ofthe peridotites, the Ronda massif, has preserved three structural domains which are spatially associated with metamorphic domains previously defined by Obata (Journal of Petrology, 21, 533-572, 1980). These structural domains include (1) porphyroclastic spinel peridotites (spinel tectonites) and mylonitic garnet-spinel peridotites (garnet-spinel mylonites), developed during progressive strain localization at ambient conditions changing from the Arie'gite subfacies to garnet peridotite facies; (2) seemingly undeformed granular peridotites, developed during a phase of extensive recrystallization affecting the spinel tectonites and garnet-spinel mylonites at Seiland subfacies conditions, and separated from the spinel tectonites by a well-preserved recrystallization front which forms a marked structural, metamorphic and possibly geochemical boundary probably unique to orogenic peridotites; (3) porphyroclastic plagioclase peridotites (plagioclase tectonites) developed at the expense of the granular peridotites during progressive shear localization allied to ductile emplacement of the Ronda massif into the crust.
Multi-Tiered Assessment of Gene Expression Provides Evidence for Mechanisms That Underlie Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction Integrated transcriptome and microRNA differential gene expression (DEG) analyses may help to explain type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis in at-risk populations. The purpose of this study was to characterize DEG in banked biospecimens from underactive adult participants who responded to a randomized clinical trial measuring the effects of lifestyle interventions on T2D risk factors. DEGs were further examined within the context of annotated biological pathways. Methods Participants (n = 52) in a previously completed clinical trial that assessed a 12-week behavioural intervention for T2D risk reduction were included. Participants who showed >6mg/dL decrease in fasting blood glucose were identified as responders. Gene expression was measured by RNASeq, and overrepresentation analysis within KEGG pathways and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were performed. Results No genes remained significantly differentially expressed after correction for multiple comparisons. One module derived by WGCNA related to body mass index was identified, which contained genes located in KEGG pathways related to known mechanisms underlying risk for T2D as well as pathways related to neurodegeneration and protein misfolding. A network analysis showed indirect connections between genes in this module and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), which has previously been hypothesized as a mechanism for T2D. Discussion We validated prior studies that showed pathways related to metabolism, inflammation/immunity, and endocrine/hormone function are related to risk for T2D. We identified evidence for new potential mechanisms that include protein misfolding. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these are potential therapeutic targets to decrease risk for T2D.
Overseas Market Expansion Strategy of the Global Electronic Components Company Based on the AHP Analysis of Factors in Technology, Organization, and Environment Context: A Case of Samsung Electro-Mechanics

The overseas market expansion strategy is important for achieving competitive advantage and sustainable growth of global electronic component companies. Although the global electronic component market has grown rapidly recently, research focusing on the innovation strategy of global electronic component companies’ expansion into overseas markets is scarce. This paper defines the key factors that influence the success of a global electronic component company’s overseas market expansion strategy based on the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework and quantitatively identifies the relative importance of factors at the technology, organization, and environmental levels through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. As a case study, we analyze Samsung Electro-Mechanics, which has grown as a global electronic components company through an overseas market expansion strategy in recent decades. As a result of the analysis, among the three top factors defined as key factors, the technology factor was evaluated as the most important factor, and among the subfactors of the technology factor, “R&D Availability”, and “Production Availability” were analyzed as the most important influencing factors. These analysis results suggest that global electronic component companies can achieve successful results when they pursue overseas market expansion strategies by prioritizing technology development and focusing on growth strategies suited to the market environment. This study is meaningful as an academic study focusing on the overseas market expansion strategies of global electronic component companies and makes a practical contribution by providing management implications that can be taken by electronic component companies seeking to expand overseas markets.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhinogobius maculagenys (Gobiidae:Gobionellinae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhinogobius maculagenys Wu et al., (Perciformes,Gobiidae) was sequenced and annotated in this study. The circular mitogenome is 16,500 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and two main non-coding regions (a putative control region and an L-strand replication origin). The overall base composition is 27.5% A, 25.5% T, 16.9% G, and 30.1% C. The gene order and composition are similar to those of other Gobionellinae species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that R. maculagenys is closely related to Rhinogobius shennongensis in both the maximum likelihood tree and the Bayesian inference tree. The complete mitogenome of R. maculagenys will serve as a valuable resource for future studies on evolution, taxonomy, and genetic conservation of Rhinogobius.
Diel vertical migration by yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus, and its impact on acoustic biomass estimation

Yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus, are an important component of the British Columbia (B.C.) trawl fishery. Annual catches of 4000–5000 t represent about 20% of the total rockfish (Sebastes spp.) landings and over 5% of the total domestic trawl landings from the B.C. coast (Rutherford, 1996). The stock assessments for these species have typically relied upon population dynamics models tuned with catchper-unit-of-effort indices (Stanley, 1993) or swept-area surveys (Leaman and Stanley, 1993). However, problems with both these methods have led us to investigate more direct methods. Previous hydroacoustic work indicated that some of the trawlcaught rockfishes are aggregating species and that they are usually found associated with specific bathymetric features (Wilkins, 1986; Leaman et al., 1990; Kieser et al., 1992; Richards et al., 1991). Submersible observations and acoustic tagging of a small number of fish confirmed this association for yellowtail rockfish (Pearcy et al., 1989), although the acoustic tagging did not indicate consistent diel patterns (Pearcy, 1992). This aggregating behavior off the bottom in predictable locations suggests that this species may be a suitable candidate Diel vertical migration by yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus, and its impact on acoustic biomass estimation