Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The newly artificially raised amphidiploid plant named "Ai-Fuyo" (Hibiscus mutamoscheutos), obtained from the progeny of H. mutabilis × H. Moscheutos : Studies on interspecific and intergeneric hybridization in the Malvaceae VII

(1) The author bred up a new amphidiploid plants at the progeny of the cross between “ Fuyo ” (H. mutabilis) (2n = 92) and “ Kusa-Fuyo ” (H. Moscheutos) (2n = 38). (2) The main characters of these new amphidiploid plants were as follows : These amphidiploid plants showed heterosis. The characteristics of stem and leaf resembled H. mutabilis which are shrublike. The flower size was larger, the flower coloring more beautiful, the beginning of flower openning earlier and the flower period was longer than the parents. Moreover the pollon fertility was as high and the size of pollen grains was larger than the parents. The seed shape was similar to H. mutabilis. The seeds had many surface hairs like H. mutabilis, but their color was darker than H. mutabilis, and their size was larger than in length, width and thickness. (3) In these amphidiploid plants, the chromosome conjugation at MI of PMCs showed 65II with no irregularities. The chromosome number in root tips was 2n=130. (4) The author wou.Id like to propose that these new amphidiploid plants be given the Japanese name “ Ai-Fuyo ” and the scientific name H. muta-moscheutos KUWADA.
PCR‐based DNA Markers for Identifying Hybrids within Phytophthora alni

Two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection and differential identification of naturally occurring interspecific hybrid types (subspecies) of Phytophthora alni, all of which cause collar rot of alder trees. Primer pairs were derived from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments that were unique to various subspecies of this alder pathogen. The primer pair set, SAP1/SAP2 (SAP), was derived from a 0.93-kb RAPD fragment amplified from P. alni ssp. alni. The primer pair set, SWAP1/SWAP2 (SWAP), was derived from a 1.13-kb fragment amplified from P. alni ssp. uniformis. Patterns of SAP and SWAP amplification enabled distinction among the three subspecies. No PCR products were amplified from isolates of 31 other Phytophthora spp. examined, including P. cambivora and P. fragariae, the suspected progenitors of P. alni. The SAP and SWAP primer sets were able to detect a minimum of 10 pg of DNA from pure cultures or DNA extracted from as few as 10 zoospores. Pathogen DNA could also be amplified directly from bark lesions of artificially inoculated and naturally infected common alders and from lesions developed on common cherry-laurel leaves used in baiting the pathogen from infested soil. Direct detection of pathogen DNA from alder tissue using SAP and SWAP primer sets should prove useful in developing measures for effective quarantine and management of P. alni.
Hábito alimentar de Callinectes larvatus Ordway (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) no Manguezal de Jiribatuba, Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia

The diet of Callinectes larvatus Ordway, 1863 population which occupy the mangrove of Jiribatuba, Bahia, Brazil (13o03'25"S and 38o47'38"W) is reported. The investigation of its stomachal contents showed that C. larvatus is an omnivorous species of ample feeding spectrum and presents detritivorous and opportunistic feeding strategy.
A Comparison of Catches by 3- and 4-Inch Rings on Offshore Scallop Drags

Comparative fishing with offshore scallop drags, knit with 4-inch (102-mm) and the standard 3-inch (76-mm) inside diameter rings, was carried out on Georges Bank in 1959 and 1961. Catches of the two drags were measured to determine the possibility of increasing the annual yield of scallop meats by delaying capture of 5-year-old scallops until they are 6 years old (96–108 mm, shell height). The difference in catches of scallops of this size-range by the two drags was small: the larger ring caught 90% as many as the smaller ring caught. The effect of increased linkage on catches was also measured. A mesh regulation enforcing the use of a 4-inch ring would not give the desired selection.
n-Alkane-Utilization by Oligocarbophilic Actinomycete Strains from Oil-Polluted Kuwaiti Desert Soil

Among some 50 actinomycete strains with Streptomyces-like morphology isolated from oil - polluted Kuwaiti desert soil, four arbitrary selected strains were characterized for n-alkane utilization. They were practically oligocarbophilic and grew on an inorganic medium without any supplemented organic matter. The growth was enhanced when n-hexadecane, n-octadecane or crude oil was added at the concentration of 1% (w/v). Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that the biomass of these strains could utilize n-hexadecane and n-octadecane, typical oil constituents. The analysis of the constituent fatty acids of total lipids from the biomass showed that the incubation with n-alkanes resulted in an increase of the fatty acids with chain lengths equivalent to those of the alkane substrates. It was concluded that these oligocarbophilic strains are capable of n-alkane utilization, and hence can be of value in bioremediation technology.
Influence of nitrogen fertilization on cabbage yield, head nitrogen content and extractable soil inorganic nitrogen at harvest

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) was fertilized at rates of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg N ha−1. Yield and plant total N increased with increasing N rate. Apparent recovery of fertilizer N in the cabbage heads averaged 32% and was independent of N rate. Soil extractable inorganic N at harvest was low and increased with increasing N rate in only one of the 2 yr. Key words: Brassica oleracea, N recovery
Development and reproduction of Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tea

Abstract The red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae, has been known as an important pest of tea, coffee, mango, cotton and jute in the tropical and subtropical regions. Ehara et al. (1997) reported that O. coffeae infests mango plants grown on Okinawa Island, which was the first record of this species identified in Japan. This paper reports the developmental and reproductive traits of a population collected from tea on Okinawa Island. The developmental time declined as temperatures increased from 15-32°C. The threshold temperature for development and the total effective temperature for the egg-to-egg period were 10°C and 232.6 degree-days, respectively. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was 0.186 at 25°C, which is close to the value for Tetranychus kanzawai, another serious pest of tea plants, when reared on tea.
Phenological Plasticity as an Adaptation by Common Bean to Rainfed Environments

Under rainfed conditions in the semi-arid highlands of Mexico, time to first flower and to maturity of some cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is strongly reduced with late plantings. Consideration of rainfall patterns in the region suggested that this response might be an adaptation to growing seasons of variable length, where length is determined by time of onset of summer rains and by risk of water deficit or low temperatures at the end of the season. Analysis of weather patterns at two sites in the highlands suggested that when rains commenced in early June, there was a high probability of adequate precipitation during the season. When rains commenced in mid- to late-July, total precipitation was lower. For a third site, total precipitation showed no relation with date of onset of rains. Evaluations of 20 bean genotypes planted at five dates each in 2 yr at Pabellon, Aguascalientes, (20 degrees 11' N latitude, elevation 1910 m) demonstrated large differences in plasticity of the pre-flowering and reproductive periods. Cultivars Garbancillo Zarco and Tlaxcala-475 were late to flower and mature under early plantings, but were similar to other genotypes in late plantings. Other genotypes of highland origin showed little or no plasticity, suggesting that this trait is not universal among cultivars currently grown there. Furthermore, cultivars and breeding lines from other regions showed no plasticity. Marked phenological plasticity occurred only in genotypes from the highlands which were highly photoperiod sensitive, but several highly sensitive genotypes showed no or little plasticity. Similar patterns were noted in a survey of 81 genotypes that included a wider range of highland germplasm.
Acidentes ofídicos causados por bothrops moojeni: relato de 37 casos

During a period of 5 years (October 1982 - September 1987), 37 cases of snake bites caused by Bothrops moojeni in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo (Southeast Brazil) were studied. Antivenom therapy were indicated in 34 cases with clear evidence of envenomation. Epidemiological aspects related to age, sex. accident time, victims activities, localization of bites and first attitude of the victims after bite were showed without any great difference when compared from other sites of Brazil. The clinical picture have revealed pain and swelling (initial evaluation: mild, moderate and severe) in 100%, non-clotting blood (beside test) in 72.7% and systemic bleeding in 5.8%. Complications were described in 29.4% and appeared just in cases where the initial evaluation were classified into moderate or severe. They were described as death, compartment syndrome, necrosis, infection and muscular retractions, and cannot be prevented even using large amount of antivenom 3 hours after accidents. When compared with the snake bites caused by Bothrops jararaca (the most common in Brazil), Bothrops moojeni accidents have produced higher incidence of non-clotting blood and local swelling/necrosis.
Restoration of Cymodocea nodosa (Uchria) Ascherson seagrass meadows through seed propagation: seed storage and influences of plant hormones and mineral nutrients on seedling growth in vitro

Abstract We evaluated seed storage and effects of plant growth regulators and fertilizers on in vitro germinated seedlings with a view to optimizing restoration of Cymodocea nodosa. Storage of seeds in seawater at room temperature (22±2°C) and 18°C retarded germination potential for up to one year, though the best results were seen within the first six months. Seeds stored in water at 4°C or under dry conditions lost their germination potential immediately. Neither plant growth regulators (PGRs) nor fertilization had anatomical effects in seedlings that would have indicated increased robustness. Gibberellic acid (10-3 m) promoted leaf growth in seedlings, but most treatments with other auxins and cytokinins were ineffective or even inhibitory in achieving the desired hardening effect on the seedling. Seedlings appeared to be well nourished and most likely grew by utilizing their abundant nutrient reserves.
Short-Term Effect of Diuron on Catfish Pond Ecology

Abstract We examined the effects of diuron treatment on catfish pond ecology under commercial culture conditions. Nine weekly treatments of diuron (0.01 mg/L) were applied to eight 0.4-ha experimental ponds; seven ponds served as controls. Water and fish samples were collected from all ponds each week for chemical and biological analysis. Data on mechanical aeration (hours of supplemental aeration required by each pond) were supplied by the pond manager. A compound (2-methylisoborneol) that is known to cause off-flavor was significantly reduced in both water and fish fillets in diuron-treated ponds. Overall, diuron did not strongly affect water quality variables. No differences in supplemental aeration were detected between the pond groups. Diuron altered the phytoplankton composition within the ponds by reducing the biomass of filamentous blue-green algae. However, overall phytoplankton biomass was not different between treatment and control ponds; filamentous blue-green algae were replaced by diatoms. Z.
A survey of mammalian browsing damage in Tasmanian eucalypt plantations

Summary Eucalypt seedlings growing in Tasmanian forestry plantations can be damaged by the Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus), Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii), common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). This paper reports the results of damage surveys carried out during 1994 to 1997 at 32 Eucalyptus nitens and 3 Eucalyptus globulus plantations. Browsing damage was evident at all 35 plantations. The percentage of seedlings damaged ranged from 14 to 97% at six months after planting and from 17 to 100% at 12 months. Mean browse score (MBS) ranged from 0.2 to 3.8 at six months and from 0.2 to 4.7 at 12 months. There was a strong exponential relationship between these two measures of damage. Browsing damage was estimated to have reduced first-year E. nitens growth rates by between 12 and 100% (mean = 36, sd = 22.9). The mean percentage of seedlings recorded with browsing damage at plantations where 1080 poisoning operations had been carried out (12 mo.
Relationship Between the Qualitative and Quantitative Compositions of Gluten Protein Types and Technological Properties of Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Derived from Triticum durum and Aegilops tauschii

ABSTRACT The contribution of the diploid wheat species Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) Schmall to the technological properties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was previously studied by the investigation of synthetic hexaploids derived from tetraploid durum wheat (T. turgidum L.) and three diploid Ae. tauschii lines. The results indicated that bread volume, gluten index, SDS-sedimentation volume, and maximum resistance of gluten were significantly influenced by the Ae. tauschii lines. To determine the relationship between technological properties and qualitative and quantitative compositions of gluten proteins, the flours of parental and synthetic lines were extracted using a modified Osborne fractionation. Gliadin and glutenin fractions were then characterized by reversed-phase (RP) HPLC on C8 silica gel. The HPLC patterns revealed typical differences between synthetic and parental lines. The gliadin patterns of three synthetic lines and the glutenin patterns of two synthetic lines were more similar to th.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ARRACACHA (Arracacia xanthorriza) FLOURS FOR INSTANT SOUPS

To increase the added value of arracacha flour, a soup type food was designed considering the traditional culinary recipes of this root. The methodology applied for this purpose, allowed to obtain the baked flour, and also the characterization of the physicochemical, functional composition, and in vitro digestibility; as well as to propose some formulations varying the flour contents from 40 to 65 %. From these mixtures, four formulations were obtained; the sample with 60 % of flour had the most sensorial preference; when the organoleptic ranking test for color, odor, taste and consistency attributes, was applied upon this sample. When this sample was rehydrated and boiled for 10 min; it resulted in an instant preparation with an average viscosity (2800 cps) with high levels of protein (10.07 %), carbohydrates (58.3 %), fat (10.07 %) and minerals, mainly phosphorus, calcium, iron, and magnesium; as well as dietary fiber (8.53 %) and resistant starch (2.30 - 2.38 %). The stability analysis during 90 days at room temperature, showed that the low moisture content (5.75 %) and water activity (a w : 0.46), allowed to maintain the functional characteristics of high water absorption, solubility, and starch swelling power. in vitro digestibility was high (79.20%), showing the easy digestion of the soup. The results suggest that the arracacha flour can be a good ingredient for the formulation of new soup type products with a high nutritional and energetic value.
Tissue nutrient concentrations in aquatic macrophytes: comparison across biophysical zones, surface water habitats and plant life forms

Aquatic plant tissue (nitrogen) N and phosphorus (P) concentrations, together with the N:P ratio in general, respond poorly to ambient nutrient supply. The variability in plant tissue nutrient concentrations appears to be highly conditioned by taxonomic (mostly species) effects. The significant role that other attributes of the surrounding environment may have in modifying the degree of taxonomic dependence on plant nutrient concentration is yet to be tested with a broader characterisation of plant life forms (bryophytes, helophytes, hydrophytes), so as to investigate implications for ecosystem processes. Plant samples (378) were collected across 65 sites spanning a wide range of aquatic habitats (lotic and lentic) and biophysical zones (floodplain, glacial terraces, mountains) located in NE Scotland. Significant differences in plant tissues N, P and the N:P were found after grouping sampling sites by either habitat or biophysical zones; the latter even after removing the largest taxonomic effect. The range in plant tissue N and P was relatively wide within habitats and zones, reflecting the high species diversity of the studied area. As a group, bryophytes had smaller N and P concentrations, and consequently wider biomass C:N and C:P ratios, a situation which may impose constraints on the flow of energy through food-webs of the mountain and bog areas where they dominate.
Anesthetic induction and recovery of Hippocampus reidi exposed to the essential oil of Lippia alba

The aim of this study was to identify the times of anesthetic induction and recovery in slender seahorses (Hippocampus reidi) that were exposed to the essential oil of Lippia alba (EO), as well as the efficacy of EO as a stress-reducing agent in the transport of this species. Slender seahorses were placed in 1-L aquaria containing different concentrations of EO (0, 10, 20, 50, 150, 300 and 450 µL L-1), and after induction, fish were transferred to aquaria that were free of anesthetic to evaluate their recovery time. In an additional experiment, slender seahorses were transported in plastic bags with 15 µL L-1 of EO for 4 or 24 h. The increased concentration of EO proportionally decreased the time required for the induction of anesthesia. EO treatment (15 µL L-1) inhibited the increase in blood glucose levels that was provoked by transportation for 4 or 24 h. Transportation for 24 h also decreased the number of lymphocytes and increased the neutrophil count, and these effects were avoided with the addition of EO to the water. These results demonstrate that EO was effective as an anesthetic at concentrations of 10-20 µL L-1 for slight sedation and transport and at 150 µL L-1 for deep anesthesia in the slender seahorse.
ALUMINIUM TOLERANCE OF OAT CULTIVARS UNDER HYDROPONIC AND ACID SOIL CONDITIONS

SUMMARY Aluminium toxicity is an important abiotic factor limiting the growth and yield of oat plants (Avena sativa L.) and other cultivated species. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of oat cultivars at the reproductive stage to aluminium under acid soil conditions and to compare with the responses observed at seedling stage under hydroponic conditions. In the soil, the damage to the above-ground part of the plant was estimated by the morphological response to aluminium, shoot length, shoot dry mass and plant height and, to the below-ground part of the plant as the length of roots and root dry mass. In hydroponics, the primary root regrowth was used to define the level of tolerance. The comparison of the results obtained in acid soil with those obtained in hydroponics demonstrated that both conditions produced essentially the same responses. The use of hydroponic solution can be a valuable tool for phenotyping large populations, especially useful for breeding programmes located in regions were aluminium is not present at toxic levels in the soil.
Do mature leaves provide a net source of nitrogen supporting shoot growth in Rhododendron ferrugineum

Summary • Nitrogen transfers in mature (c. 40-yr-old) Rhododendron ferrugineum plants from mature leaves to growing shoots (Sh0) were estimated in the field at the branch scale. • Before bud break, the N pool of either 1-yr-old (L1) or 2-yr-old (L2) leaves of selected branches was labelled with 15NH4Cl. The N dynamics were then investigated on three occasions during shoot growth. Mineral N uptake by roots was estimated by supplying seedlings with 15NH4+ or 15NO3− (glasshouse) and mature plants with 15NH4+ (field). • Approximately 60% of the 15N supplied was recovered in the labelled branches (40% in L1 leaves and 19% in Sh0) 78 d after L1 labelling. A similar pattern was observed for L2 labelling. Only traces of 15N were detected in 1- and 2-yr-old-stems. Although changes in the isotopic contents showed the occurrence of N transfer from mature leaves to the shoot, total L1 and L2 leaf N content was not modified. Simultaneously, exogenous 15N uptake by the roots was very low. • We conclude that, despite the internal N cycling, mature leaves do not constitute a net source of nitrogen supporting shoot growth. The latter depends mainly upon endogenous nitrogen stored in woody stems and roots.
Origin of Deposited Material Sedimented in a Marine Bay

Suspended and sedimented particulate carbon, nitrogen, chlorophyll a, and phaeophytin were measured at various depths throughout the year in a small marine bay. Seasonal and vertical differences in sedimentation rates were not simply related to changes in concentration of suspended particulate matter. Chlorophyll a/total pigment, carbon/nitrogen, and carbon/chlorophyll a ratios in suspended and sedimented material were usually different. Sedimentation rates generally increased with depth with greatest increases during periods of low stratification. Resuspension and horizontal transport of sedimenting material was implied by discontinuities in sedimentation at particular depths. Annual sedimentation of particulate carbon at 20 m depth (below the seasonal thermocline) was equivalent to 15% of the estimated supply from photosynthetic and chemosynthetic production, river discharge, and sewage input. Material deposited during periods of stratification, however, which coincided with high rates of primary produc.
The giant squid Architeuthis in southern African waters

Three specimens of the rare giant squid (genus Architeuthis, 18 nominal species) are described from the waters around southern Africa. Consideration of their internal and external morphology, including beaks, radula, statocyst and statolith give no reason to suppose that the three specimens do not pertain to the same species. A standardized data collection form and a summary of existing morphometric data are presented for the first time and the morphology and systematics of the genus are discussed. The value of various systematic characters is examined and certain guidelines are proposed, with an appeal for a more scientific approach to Architeuthis studies. Features of the internal anatomy, including the female reproductive tract, are described and illustrated and the beak dimensions are used to evaluate existing regression formulae for beak and body parameters. The statocyst and statolith are described and illustrated in full, the statolith for the first time, and are compared with those of other squids. The value of recent data from trawl-caught specimens, as well as indirect evidence, is cited to replace speculation in discussions on distribution and habitat. Our specimens suggest that the waters off the south-western coast of Africa may be one of the natural habitats of Architeurhis, during both feeding and spawning periods of the life cycle.