Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On model complexity and selection

In the past, practitioners and researchers have compared the performance of neural networks with other model classes based on the multiple correlation coefficient or empirical validation. Such comparisons are biased towards neural networks as such performance metrics do not account for model complexity. Model complexity metrics are essential for parameter significance ( e.g. , F -test) and model mis-specification tests ( e.g. , autocorrelation). The estimation of degrees of freedom from the projection matrix of regression is therefore vitally important in all phases of the model building process for neural regression models. Degrees of freedom are used to measure model complexity and thus adjust statistics so that they may be meaningfully applied to regression models. In this paper we derive expressions for the influence matrix in linear and non-linear regression models and non-linear models with regularization, including neural networks. We show that they can be obtained within the same framework. In particular, we demonstrate that previous results obtained for neural networks hold for models without regularization terms or large sample sizes. We show how these results are used to adjust the multiple correlation coefficient by the degrees of freedom. The methodology is demonstrated using simulated data from a Cobb-Douglas type function.
Analysis of the identification of closed-loop systems using least-squares methods

This paper presents theory and results concerning the analysis of the identification of closed-loop systems using least-squares methods. The least-squares technique is applied in its normal form and in a modified version developed to cope with the bias problem. The analysis has been established following a mathematical investigation of the problem, and by simulation of different identification experiments applied to different structures of closed-loop systems. The results derived from this analysis show the conditions under which the identifiability of the open-loop process can be ensured, considering different situations such as whether or not there is noise present at the system output and whether or not external signals are used to perform the identification experiments. Practical experiments of closed-loop identification on a micromachine system in use in the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Manchester are also described. Results for different experimental conditions are prese.
Gas dynamic calibration of a nano-Newton thrust stand

The ability to measure extremely low thrust levels with unusual precision is becoming more critical as attempts are made to characterize the performance of emerging micropropulsion systems. Many new attitude control concepts for nanospacecraft involve the production of thrust below 1 μN. A simple, but uniquely successful thrust stand has been developed and used to measure thrust levels as low as 86.2 nano-Newtons (nN) with an estimated accuracy of ±11%. Thrust levels in the range of 712 (nN) to 1 μN have been measured with an estimated accuracy of ±2%. Thrust is measured from an underexpanded orifice operating in the free molecule flow regime with helium, argon, and nitrogen propellants. The thrust stand is calibrated using results from direct simulation Monte Carlo numerical models and analytical solutions for free molecule orifice flow. The accuracy of the gas dynamic calibration technique, using free molecule orifice flow, has also been investigated. It is shown that thrust stand calibration using high.
Stability Determination of Intact Humanin-G with Characterizations of Oxidation and Dimerization Patterns

Humanin is the first identified mitochondrial-derived peptide. Humanin-G (HNG) is a variant of Humanin that has significantly higher cytoprotective properties. Here, we describe the stability features of HNG in different conditions and characterize HNG degradation, oxidation, and dimerization patterns over short-term and long-term periods. HNG solutions were prepared in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) water or MO formulation and stored at either 4 °C or 37 °C. Stored HNG samples were analyzed using HPLC and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Using HPLC, full-length HNG peptides in HPLC water decreased significantly with time and higher temperature, while HNG in MO formulation remained stable up to 95% at 4 °C on day 28. HNG peptides in HPLC water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and MO formulation were incubated at 37 °C and analyzed at day 1, day 7 and day 14 using HRMS. Concentrations of full-length HNG peptide in HPLC water and PBS declined over time with a corresponding appearance of new peaks that increased over time. These new peaks were identified to be singly oxidized HNG, doubly oxidized HNG, homodimerized HNG, singly oxidized homodimerized HNG, and doubly oxidized homodimerized HNG. Our results may help researchers improve the experimental design to further understand the critical role of HNG in human diseases.
Gas Cloud Kinematics near the Nucleus of NGC 4151

We report early observations with Space Telescope Imaging Spectrometer (STIS) of the nuclear region of NGC 4151. Direct images in [O II] and [O III] and slitless medium-dispersion spectral images of the Hβ to [O III] region were obtained. A slitless UV spectral image was taken of the C IV 1550 Å region. We present radial velocities and line ratios of ~40 clouds resolved in the narrow-line region (NLR). The kinematics suggest outflow within a biconical region about the nucleus, centered on the radio axis and viewed near the edge of the cones. A few high-velocity clouds are seen that do not fit this simple picture. Line ratios indicate that the NLR gas is photoionized by the central continuum source and that there may be a density gradient in the NLR. These observations are being followed by an extensive STIS program on NGC 4151.
A posteriori validation applied to the 3D-VAR Arpège and Aladin data assimilation systems

In this paper we present results from the application of a posteriori diagnostics on existing data assimilation systems. The systems of interest are the global data assimilation Arpège 3D-VAR of Météo-France, and the limited-area 3D-VAR analysis of Aladin. First, we discuss how the diagnostics can be ported from theory to practical applications, using aggregates of analysis information over time.We then compare the behaviour of the diagnostics in the two different data assimilation systems, with a focus on the properties of the background and observational error variances. Secondly, the a posteriori validation is used for the off-line tuning of two scalar error parameters in the Aladin 3D-VAR. The tuning provides error variances that better fit the statistics of the innovation vector, without loss of quality in the analyses. Finally, the link of this approach with ensemble-based techniques is made. Especially, we propose to couple the a posteriori diagnostics directly with the usual output of ensemble samples, which could be done at no extra cost. If the results are then used to tune error parameters, then an on-line adaptive assimilation system, based on a posteriori considerations, is obtained.
High-Nitrate-Supply-Induced Transcriptional Upregulation of Ascorbic Acid Biosynthetic and Recycling Pathways in Cucumber

Nowadays open field and protected vegetable cultivation practices require and use genotypes which are precisely tailored to their intended growth environments. Variability of this kind provides a rich source of material to uncover molecular mechanisms supporting the necessarily divergent physiological traits. In this study, typical field-optimized and glasshouse-cultivated cucumber F1 hybrids were investigated, and displayed slower growth (‘Joker’) and faster growth (‘Oitol’) in seedlings. Antioxidant capacity was lower in ‘Joker’ and higher in ‘Oitol’, pointing to a potential redox regulation of growth. The growth response of seedlings to paraquat treatment indicated stronger oxidative stress tolerance in the fast-growing ‘Oitol’. To test whether protection against nitrate-induced oxidative stress was also different, fertigation with increasing potassium nitrate content was applied. This treatment did not change growth but decreased the antioxidant capacities of both hybrids. Bioluminescence emission revealed stronger lipid peroxidation triggered by high nitrate fertigation in the leaves of ‘Joker’ seedlings. To explore the background of the more effective antioxidant protection of ‘Oitol’, levels of ascorbic acid (AsA), as well as transcriptional regulation of relevant genes of the Smirnoff–Wheeler biosynthetic pathway and ascorbate recycling, were investigated. Genes related to AsA biosynthesis were strongly upregulated at an elevated nitrate supply in ‘Oitol’ leaves only, but this was only reflected in a small increase in total AsA content. High nitrate provision also triggered expression of ascorbate–glutathion cycle genes with stronger or exclusive induction in ‘Oitol’. AsA/dehydro–ascorbate ratios were higher in ‘Oitol’ for all treatments, with a more pronounced difference at high nitrate levels. Despite strong transcriptional upregulation of ascorbate peroxidase genes (APX) in ‘Oitol’, APX activity only increased significantly in ‘Joker’. This suggests potential inhibition of APX enzyme activity specifically in ‘Oitol’ at a high nitrate supply. Our results uncover an unexpected variability in redox stress management in cucumbers, including nitrate inducibility of AsA biosynthetic and recycling pathways in certain genotypes. Possible connections between AsA biosynthesis, recycling and nitro-oxidative stress protection are discussed. Cucumber hybrids emerge as an excellent model system for studying the regulation of AsA metabolism and the roles of AsA in growth and stress tolerance.
Archaeological acoustic study of chirped echo from the Mayan pyramid at Chichén Itzá

Handclaps evoke impressive chirped echoes from the unusually narrow limestone staircases of the Mayan pyramid at Chichen Itza, located in Mexico’s northern Yucatan. This highly conspicuous acoustical feature, apparently ignored in the archaeological literature, may provide important clues to Mayan cultural practices of the time. Inspection and ray acoustic modeling provide a simple physical explanation for the chirped echo—the ‘‘picket fence effect’’ due to periodic sound reflections from staircases. The authors argue that chirped echoes were always present, and are not spurious artifacts of reconstruction. It is suggested that the Maya must have noticed and may have exploited his acoustical feature in ceremonies at their sacred site. Is the chirped echo an acoustical design flaw, or intentional acoustical engineering by a perceptive stone age people? The author suggests that the simple acoustical engineering required for intentional design falls well within Mayan capabilities. In seeking a cultural motiv.
Behaviour and habitat use of first-time migrant Arctic charr: Novel insights from a subarctic marine area

: Anadromous Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus is a cold-adapted salmonid that is vulnerable to climate warming and anthropogenic activities including salmon farming, hydropower regulation, and pollution, which poses a multiple-stressor scenario that influences or threatens populations. We studied the horizontal and vertical behaviour of Arctic charr tagged with acoustic transmitters (n = 45, mean fish length: 22 cm) in a pristine, subarctic marine area to provide insights into the behaviour of first-time migrants. Tagged fish spent up to 78 d at sea, with high marine survival (82% returned to their native watercourse). While at sea, they utilized mostly near-shore areas, up to 45 km away from their native river. Arctic charr showed large variation in migration distance (mean ± SD: 222 ± 174 km), and the migration distance increased with body size. Although the fish displayed a strong fidelity to surface waters (0−3 m), spatiotemporal variation in depth use was evident, with fish utilizing deeper depths during the day and in late July. These results represent baseline data on Arctic charr’s marine behaviour in a pristine fjord system and highlight the importance of near-shore surface water as feeding areas for first-time migrants. Furthermore, the observed dependency on coastal areas implies a vulnerability to increasing human-induced perturbations, on top of impacts by large-scale climate change in marine and freshwater habitats.
Clustering objects on subsets of attributes (with discussion)

Summary. A new procedure is proposed for clustering attribute value data. When used in conjunction with conventional distance‐based clustering algorithms this procedure encourages those algorithms to detect automatically subgroups of objects that preferentially cluster on subsets of the attribute variables rather than on all of them simultaneously. The relevant attribute subsets for each individual cluster can be different and partially (or completely) overlap with those of other clusters. Enhancements for increasing sensitivity for detecting especially low cardinality groups clustering on a small subset of variables are discussed. Applications in different domains, including gene expression arrays, are presented.
High-frequency ferromagnetic properties of as-deposited FeCoZr films with uniaxial magnetic anisotropy

Nanocrystalline FeCoZr films with gradient Zr composition were prepared by the gradient sputtering (GS) method at room temperature. A uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) with high Hk up to 305 Oe was achieved by controlling the composition gradient of doping element Zr. The origin of UMA can be attributed to the uniaxial stress, which results from the composition gradient. It is interesting to note that promising high-frequency ferromagnetic (FM) properties with resonance frequency of over 3 GHz were achieved in as-deposited GS films without magnetic annealing. This room-temperature fabrication process resolves a critical issue, i.e. to obtain a high resonance FM film material under a compatible technology between FM film preparation and monolithic integrated circuit techniques.
Save it for a rainy day! Lean strategies for cost saving: The role of Lean maturity

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of lean implementation on production cost reduction and the moderating role of lean manufacturing maturity.Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a cross-sectional survey, of which the samples were drawn using a cluster sampling procedure from 151 middle and top-level management of medium and large manufacturing companies gathered from the Federation of Manufacturers Malaysia (FMM). Data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach through SmartPLS4 software.Findings: The result revealed that lean implementation does not leverage production cost reduction as the lean journey requires long-term orientation, which finally leads to valid cost reduction. The moderating role of lean manufacturing maturity was significant and positive in the relationship between lean manufacturing implementation and production cost reduction.Research limitations/implications: Future research should include longitudinal settings as this study is cross-sectional, and future research might put the present model to the test in multiple industries and regions, including a cross-country comparison to improve the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, further studies could extend this study using a mixed-method approach.Practical implications: By offering a holistic perspective, this study expands the existing literature, contributes to knowledge of integrated lean implementation and supports the management in planning their path towards cost-cutting performance.Originality/value: This study answers the inconclusive finding between lean implementation and operational performance in terms of production cost reduction. The study contributes to the body of knowledge and, most importantly, to the practitioners in planning their lean journey.
Impact of Gender on Insomnia

There is a distinct preponderance of female insomniacs when compared to male insomniacs. The aim of this study was to examine possible gender differences in the causes for insomnia, and the phenotypes of insomnia, and to investigate whether gender-specific insomnia diagnosis and treatment could be relevant in clinical practice. Data were collected from 121 insomniac patients by a medical specialist in the framework of normal clinical practice in Germany. The data consist of the patient’s medical history and various sleep-related patient questionnaires. Data from both genders were tested for independence using chi-square tests and Mann–Whitney U tests. We found a correlation between the gender of the patient and insomnia phenotypes in several aspects: concomitant lipometabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, and high BMIs are more common in male insomniacs (p < 0.05). Frequency of insomnia occurrence in certain age groups, insomnia severity, distribution of SOI (sleep onset insomnia), SMI (sleep maintenance insomnia) and combined SOI + SMI, sleep duration, the time needed to seek medical consultation, trying out sleep-inducing drugs/techniques and the trigger, etiology and familial predisposition of the insomniac disorder were independent of the patient’s gender. We would like to re-evaluate the results with a larger number of patients in a further study.
Perception of Health Teams on the Implementation of Strategies to Decrease Nursing Errors and Enhance Patient Safety

Background Patient care is a public health issue all over the world, with nursing errors in hospitals being a significant source of harm to patients and a hindrance to the healthcare system’s efficiency. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate health teams’ perceptions of strategies used to reduce nursing error that affects patient safety. Patients and Methods A descriptive study was conducted from January to March 2022 at Najran University Hospital and KKH to better understand the issue. The study included 400 healthcare team members, including nurses, physicians, nurse aides, health workers, and others. The data was collected through the analysis of the health team’s characteristics, nursing errors, and strategies for error reduction. Results The results of the study led to the development of five strategies and 28 interventions aimed at reducing nursing errors. The study revealed that two-thirds of the participants had a high perception of strategies for reducing nursing errors, while one-third had a low perception. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of addressing nursing errors in the healthcare system and provides evidence-based strategies and interventions to reduce them. The findings emphasize the need for ongoing efforts to enhance the perception and understanding of healthcare professionals in reducing errors and improving patient care.
Motivation to Learn Online: An Analysis From Mcclelland’s Theory of Needs

Motivation has been identified as a main factor influencing engagement and achievement of learners in online learning. Studying the motivations of language learners is crucial to address the challenges of online learning. Thi s quantitative study is done to explore learners’ online motivation (Fowler, 2018) from the point of view of McClelland’s (1965) theory. McClelland’s theory suggested three basic needs that people derive from their life experiences: Need for Achievement, Need for Affiliation and Need for Power. This study used a 5-point Likert Scale instrument consisting of 4 sections. Section A has 3 items on demographic profile. Section B has 12 items on Power, section C has 14 items on Achievements and section D has 12 items on Affiliation. A purposive sample of 156 participants from a public university in Malaysia responded to the survey. The major findings reveal the positive impact of McClelland’s Needs Theory on online language learning. Most students believed in their online learning abilities in terms of self-efficacy and desired motivation, control belief factors also led them to achieve desired outcomes. Students were also influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to perform better in online language learning. Students felt engaged and can interact freely in the language classroom. A strong positive correlation was found between all the variables to motivate online language learning. It is recommended that the motivation to learn languages online be further explored from a variety of perspectives and theories. Future research could also examine the comparison of motivation theories on online learning.
Simulating microscopic hydrodynamic phenomena with dissipative particle dynamics

We present a novel method for simulating hydrodynamic phenomena. This particle-based method combines features from molecular dynamics and lattice-gas automata. It is shown theoretically as well as in simulations that a quantitative description of isothermal Navier-Stokes flow is obtained with relatively few particles. Computationally, the method is much faster than molecular dynamics, and the at same time it is much more flexible than lattice-gas automata schemes.
Data driven smooth tests for composite hypotheses

The classical problem of testing goodness-of-fit of a parametric family is reconsidered. A new test for this problem is proposed and investigated. The new test statistic is a combination of the smooth test statistic and Schwarz's selection rule. More precisely, as the sample size increases, an increasing family of exponential models describing departures from the null model is introduced and Schwarz's selection rule is presented to select among them. Schwarz's rule provides the "right" dimension given by the data, while the smooth test in the "right" dimension finishes the job. Theoretical properties of the selection rules are derived under null and alternative hypotheses. They imply consistency of data driven smooth tests for composite hypotheses at essentially any alternative.
Autorecovery and everyday disaster in Mexico City’s peripheries

This article is concerned with urbanization as it shapes and is shaped by disaster finance instruments. It takes a critical look at the specific urbanizing qualities of these instruments by bringing an established theory of peripheral urbanization together with recent work on disaster urbanization to advance a theory of ‘everyday disaster’—or smaller-scale events that occur repeatedly in the same areas, or events with extended recovery periods so prolonged that they integrate with the precarities of everyday life; and ‘autorecovery’—or recovery processes that self-organize and improvise in response to the uneven distribution of state resources. It grounds these theories in extended ethnographic work done in Mexico City. It argues that where localized everyday disasters are ongoing, they fall through the cracks of existing financing schemes because of ongoing scalar mismatches between instruments and actually existing disaster conditions. These mismatches are compounded by state neglect and facilitated by the disconnectedness that defines peripheries. As disaster governance in global Southern states is pushed to global markets through risk transfer instruments, failure to effectively insure everyday disasters expands spaces of precarity that reproduce peripheral processes. These forms of governance affect urban spatial configurations, not only through disaster itself, but through modes of repair like autorecovery.