Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SemCKD: Semantic Calibration for Cross-Layer Knowledge Distillation

Knowledge distillation is a technique to enhance the generalization ability of a student model by exploiting outputs from a teacher model. Recently, feature-map based variants explore knowledge transfer between manually assigned teacher-student pairs in intermediate layers for further improvement. However, layer semantics may vary in different neural networks, resulting in performance degeneration due to negative regularization from semantic mismatch in manual layer associations. To address this issue, we propose semantic calibration for cross-layer knowledge distillation (SemCKD), which automatically assigns proper target layers of the teacher model for each student layer with an attention mechanism. With a learned attention distribution, each student layer distills knowledge contained in multiple teacher layers rather than a specific intermediate layer for appropriate cross-layer supervision. We further provide theoretical analysis of the association weights and conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. On average, SemCKD improves the student Top-1 classification accuracy by 4.27% across twelve different teacher-student model combinations on CIFAR-100. Code is available at https://github.com/DefangChen/SemCKD.
Psychometric Properties of the Indonesian Adaptation of the Entrepreneurial Mindset Scale

The study aims to verify the validity and reliability of the entrepreneurial mindset scale in the Indonesian context (i.e., the adapted EM scale). The respondents were 302 undergraduate students who have already enrolled in the entrepreneurship course. In order to achieve the aim of study, a scale development procedure was conducted, including item generation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Item generation was successful in generating the preliminary items of the entrepreneurial mindset scale, whereas exploratory factor analysis was also successful in purifying those preliminary items. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis was successful in verifying the convergent validity and the composite reliability of the adapted EM scale. The adapted EM scale was a parsimonious measurement model, and therefore it could be useful for measuring the entrepreneurial mindset of undergraduate students in Indonesia. Future studies are recommended to refine the adapted EM scale: (1) by verifying it among students from other universities, (2) by using two different samples, in which one sample is for exploratory factor analysis and the other one is for confirmatory factor analysis, and (3) by testing the measurement invariance across groups (e.g., gender, age, and origin of university). Received: 7 October 2021 / Accepted: 3 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Preparturient behavior of confined ewes: time budgets, frequencies, spatial distribution and sequential analysis

Echeverri, A.C. , Gonyou, H.W. and Ghent, A.W. , 1992. Preparturient behavior of confined ewes: time budgets, frequencies, spatial distribution and sequential analysis.4ppl. Anita. Behav. Sci., 34: 329-344. The objective of this study was to determine and quantify the pattern of behavioral changes which occur prior to parturition in sheep. A total of 15 ewes were observed continually for 12 h prior 1o lambing using time-lapse video recordings. During observations, ewes were housed in a group of eight in a 2.7 mxS.8 m pen. All observable behaviors were recorded with an electronic evenl recorder. Time budgets and frequencies of behaviors were determined for each 2 h period. Two event sequences for 20 different behaviors were tallied and pooled across ewes for each period. Spatial distributions of the focal ewe and the group were recorded at 5 min intervals for the 12 h prepartum. Ewes spent more time standing during the final 2 h (78% of total time) than 12-10 h before lambing (48%: P< 0.01 ). Time spent sniffing the ground increased during the final 2 h (30.8%) compared with periods of up to 4 h before lambing ( 11.8%: P< 0.01 ). The frequencies of several behaviors were greater (P< 0.01 ) during the final 2 h period than 12-10 h before lambing: active social interactions, passive interactions, standing up, steps taken, ground sniffing, pawing the ground, circling and flanking. The first period in which a significant difference in activity was observed, compared with 12-10 h prepartum was 8-6 h for time spent standing, 6-4 h for steps taken, 4-2 h for time spent ground sniffing, frequency of standing up, pawing, circling and flanking, and 2-0 h for active and passive social interactions. The observed frequencies of a large number of two-event behavior sequences were found to deviate from their expected values during periods 4-2 and 2-0 h prepartum (P< 0.05 ). Most of the sequences occurring more frequently than expected involved either sniffing of other animals or restlessness in the preparturient ewe, but not both. Restlessness in the preparturient ewe involved either grounddirected investigation or self-directed behaviors and posture changes. Ground sniffing and circling frequently occurred in sequences with any of these general groupings of behavior. Lambing ewes were
Effect of the Degree of Hydrolysis on Nutritional, Functional, and Morphological Characteristics of Protein Hydrolysate Produced from Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Using Ficin Enzyme

The production of fish protein hydrolysates from bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) using ficin enzymes was achieved in optimal conditions of 3% enzyme/substrate ratio, 40 °C temperature, and pH 6. Three different hydrolysis times, 1, 3, and 6 h, were investigated, and their degree of hydrolysis (DH) values were 13.36%, 17.09%, and 20.15%, respectively. The hydrolysate yield values increased with DH increase, and the highest yield was obtained at DH 20.15%. The crude protein content increased from 80.58% to 85.27%, and amino acid compositions increased from 78.33% to 83.07%. The peptides formed during hydrolysis indicated low molecular weight that might improve functional characteristics of fish protein hydrolysates, including protein solubility, which ranged from 84.88% to 95.48% for all hydrolysates. The thermal degradation of hydrolysates occurred from 160 to 168 °C with intensive endothermic peaks. Results revealed that oil holding capacity was higher at DH 13.36%; water holding capacity was higher when DH increased. Hence, fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) from bighead carp have improved functional properties, and can be utilized as supplements and excellent protein sources in various uses in food applications.
Effects of Drying Methods and Temperatures on the Quality of Chestnut Flours

The demand for chestnut flour is growing because of its use in gluten-free products. Previous studies have correlated the quality of chestnut flours to the drying temperature and technology applied. This work is a novel study on the role of the traditional drying method with a wood fire in a “metato” building for flour compared with a food dryer at 40 °C or 70 °C. The contents of antioxidants, total polyphenols and sugars were determined as well as the presence of toxic volatiles or aflatoxins. The flour, resulting from the traditional method, presented lower polyphenol content and antioxidant power compared to the others. The content of the sugars was similar to the flours obtained after drying with hot air, both at 40 °C and 70 °C. The toxic volatile molecules, furfural, guaiacol, and o-cresol, were found. There was no correlation between the aflatoxin content and the presence of damage in chestnut fruits. The traditional method should not be abandoned since it confers a pleasant smoky taste to the product, but it is necessary to regulate the level and steadiness of temperature. Future research needs to be directed to the quantification of harmful volatile compounds and their correlation with the quantity of smoke emitted by the wood fire.
Seasonal Fluctuation of Escherichia coli in Nainital Lake, Uttarakhand State, India

The season has a significant impact on the presence of microorganisms in water sources. Various contaminants and bacteria are transported into water sources by heavy rains. Because of the poor microbiological condition of such water bodies, regular monitoring is required. Routine monitoring, on the other hand, considers the microbial quality of the water column.The objective of this research was to investigate the microbiological quality of Nainital Lake in Uttarakhand, using Escherichia coli as a faecal indicator organism, and examine how seasonal fluctuations (dry and rainy seasons) affected its abundance. During 2018 and 2019, samples were taken from Nainital Lake sampling sites during the summer (dry) and rainy (wet) seasons and presence of E. coli was examined using various media, IMViC and catalase tests. E. coli was discovered at all of the locations and its concentration was influenced by seasonal variations. In both years, the cfu/ml count during the rainy season was observed higher in comparison to count during the summer. The transmission of this bacteria into the water column as a result of events such as floods or human activities might harm the health of those who consume untreated lake water for recreation and other domestic reasons. As a result, community education for health care practitioners and the general public about the proper use of lake water is essential. In order to preserve human health and other aquatic life, regular water quality monitoring is also required.
Evaluation of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis Prior to Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting - A Prospective Observational Study in North Indian Population

Background: Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is an established risk factor for peri-operative neurological complications in patients following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, routine pre-surgical screening for CAS is still a matter of debate. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery disease in patients undergoing CABG and to determine the predictors of significant carotid stenosis in them. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 112 patients, who were planned for CABG, were enrolled, and their demographic details, risk factor profile, and coronary angiogram parameters were analyzed. Results: Carotid stenosis was observed in 75.0% of the study population with 11.6% having unilateral and 63.4% having bilateral carotid stenosis. A total of 56.2% of the patients had mild, 14.3% had moderate, and 4.5% had severe carotid stenosis. The presence of significant carotid stenosis showed a correlation with chronic stable angina (P = 0.009), significant left main (LM) disease (P = 0.001), chronic total occlusion (P = 0.043), and coronary vessel calcification (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis of all the predictor variables in a regression model showed that significant LM disease (Odds ratio (OR):6.5, P = 0.002) and coronary artery calcification (OR: 4.3, P = 0.024) were the only independent predictors of significant CAS in the study population. Conclusion: The presence of significant carotid vessel stenosis in patients undergoing CABG in the Indian population has a stronger association with the chronicity of the coronary artery disease rather than the coronary atheroma load (as determined by the modified Gensini score). The presence of significant LM disease and coronary artery calcification may be useful in detecting high-risk patients for significant CAS during the pre-surgical workup.
Effect of Educational Program on Quality of Life among Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Background : Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal problem and has a significant effect on women's quality of life. Women with PCOS may have irregular or prolonged menstrual cycles and fail the ovary to release eggs. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational program on quality of life among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Research design: A quasi-experimental design was adopted to achieve the study aim. Research setting: The study was performed at the outpatient gynecological clinic at Maternity and Children Hospital in Hafer Al Batin Governorate, KSA. A sampling: a purposive sample of 110 women with PCOS. Tools: Data was collected using three different tools. (1) a structured interviewing questionnaire, (2) a healthy practice assessment scale, and (3) a polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of life questionnaire. Results: The healthy practice was improved, with a statistically significant difference between the two phases with the improvement of women's quality of life. The practice means score increased from (12.41±4.56 to 29.84±3.15) in the post-intervention phase with a statistically significant relationship between their total quality of life score and their pre-intervention knowledge and practice. The post-intervention, there was a direct relationship between women's total quality of life, their knowledge, and their self-care practice score. Conclusion: When compared to their pre-intervention score, the educational program effectively improves women's knowledge, health self-care practice, and quality of life. Recommendations: To increase women's knowledge about PCOS and improve their quality of life, health education programs should be provided to all women who access gynecological clinics.
Role of Early Assesment of Diuresis and Natriuresis in Detecting In-Hospital Diuretic Resistance in Acute Heart Failure

Background and Purpose: European Guidelines recommend early evaluation of diuresis and natriuresis after the first administration of diuretic to identify patients with insufficient diuretic response during acute heart failure. The aim of this work is to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of patients with insufficient diuretic response according to this new algorithm. Methods: Prospective observational single centre study of consecutive patients with acute heart failure and congestive signs. Clinical evaluation, echocardiography and blood tests were performed. Diuretic naïve patients received 40 mg of intravenous furosemide. Patients on an oupatient diuretic regimen received 2 times the ambulatory dose. The diuresis volume was assessed 6 h after the first loop diuretic administration, and a spot urinary sample was taken after 2 h. Insufficient diuretic response was defined as natriuresis <70 mEq/L or diuresis volume <600 ml. Results: From January 2020 to December 2021, 73 patients were included (59% males, median age 76 years). Of these, 21 patients (28.8%, 95%CI 18.4; 39.2) had an insufficient diuretic response. Diuresis volume was <600 ml in 13 patients (18.1%), and 12 patients (16.4%) had urinary sodium <70 mEq/L. These patients had lower systolic blood pressure, worse glomerular filtration rate, and higher aldosterone levels. Ambulatory furosemide dose was also higher. These patients required more frequently thiazides and inotropes during admission. Conclusion: The diagnostic algorithm based on diuresis and natriuresis was able to detect up to 29% of patients with insufficient diuretic response, who showed some characteristics of more advanced disease.
Determining the minimum size of experimental plot for evaluating field parameters for Arabica coffee

The coffee production chain has great socio-economic importance in Brazil, generating foreign exchange with great job-generating capacity. The Brazilian coffee production is circa 2.863 k tons and coffee research has contributed to the development of new technologies in order to increase yield. However, the size of plots used for coffee experiments has been variable and mostly based on the empirical researcher's experience. Therefore, this research was carried out aiming to determine the optimal size of experimental plots to evaluate field growing parameters of Arabica coffee. The modified maximum curvature model and the comparison of variances were the methods used. It is concluded that 2, 3, 3, and 6 plants per useful experimental plot of Arabica coffee are enough to evaluate the field growing parameters plant height, plant canopy diameter, vigor, and wet mass, respectively by the method of modified maximum curvature. Two plants per experimental plot were required when using the variance comparison method to the parameters plant height, and plant canopy diameter, and 4 plants were enough to the parameters vigor and wet mass. In general, four useful plants per experimental plot were enough using the variance comparison method and six useful plants when using the modified maximum curvature method.
Psychosocial Burden of Itch among Renal Transplant Recipients

Itch is the most common symptom of chronic dermatoses. Moreover, itch may be associated with systemic disorders. Chronic kidney disease—associated itch (CKD-aI) may affect up to 20% of renal transplant recipients (RTR). The aim of the study was to assess psychosocial burden of itch in RTR. The study was performed on a group of 129 RTR, out of which 54 (41.9%) experienced itch in the previous 3 days. A specially designed questionnaire assessing anxiety, depression, stigmatization, and quality of life was used. Results: Patients suffering from itch in the previous 3 days achieved significantly higher scores in GAD-7 (p < 0.001), BDI (p < 0.001), HADS total score (p < 0.001), HADS Depression (p = 0.004), and HADS Anxiety (p < 0.001). Severity of itch correlated positively with HADS, stigmatization scale, and GAD-7. Itch in RTR was associated with higher incidence of depression assessed with BDI (OR 3.7). Moreover, higher prevalence of anxiety was found among patients suffering from CKD-aI, assessed with HADS A and GAD-7 (OR 2.7 and OR 4.8, respectively) The results of our study clearly demonstrate that itch among RTR is a significant burden. Higher prevalence of depression and anxiety in this groups indicate the necessity of addressing itch relief as a part of holistic approach to patients after renal transplantation.
Dynamic response landscape of immune cells identified immune dysfunction which predicts disease progression in COVID-19 infected patients

During the development of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection from mild disease to severe disease, it can trigger a series of complications and stimulate a strong cellular and humoral immune response. However, the precise identification of blood immune cell response dynamics and the relevance to disease progression in COVID-19 patients remains unclear. We propose for the first time to use changes in cell numbers to establish new subgroups, which were divided into four groups: first from high to low cell number (H_L_Group), first from low to high (L_H_Group), continuously high (H_Group), and continuously low (L_Group). It was found that in the course of disease development. In the T cell subgroup, the immune response is mainly concentrated in the H_L_Group cell type, and the complications are mainly in the L_H_Group cell type. In the NK cell subgroup, the moderate patients are mainly related to cellular immunity, and the severe patients are mainly caused by the disease, while severe patients are mainly related to complications caused by diseases. Our study provides a dynamic response of immune cells in human blood during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the first subgroup analysis using dynamic changes in cell numbers, providing a new reference for clinical treatment of COVID-19.
Thermodynamic calculations using reverse Monte Carlo: convergence aspects, sources of error and guidelines for improving accuracy

ABSTRACT The reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) method has been widely used to gain 3D structural ordering information from experimental scattering data. Recently, we have introduced a novel application of RMC, viz., calculating thermodynamic properties of crystalline materials, construction of phase diagram and rapid estimation of the local structural order [Agrahari and Chatterjee, Physical Review E, 104, 044129 (2021). ]. The method has been shown to be accurate and orders-of-magnitude faster than standard Monte Carlo simulations – this makes the approach quite promising. However, the error in RMC has never been systematically quantified. The goal here is to perform a thorough investigation into the types of error in RMC-based thermodynamic calculations, assess the relative magnitude of these errors, and develop strategies to improve the accuracy. Some of the conclusions presented are also relevant to previous experiment-based RMC implementations.
The Injustice–Efficacy Tradeoff: Counteracting Indirect Effects of Goal Proximity on Collective Action

Based on dual-pathway models of collective action, this research examines how social movements’ proximity to their stated goal affects potential supporters’ willingness and motivations to engage. Across three experimental studies in two different contexts, and for members of both the disadvantaged ingroups and advantaged outgroups (total N = 1,102), we find consistent support for two counteracting indirect effects of goal distance on collective action. When movements are closer to their goals, potential supporters perceive less injustice, which reduces their willingness to engage in collective action for the movements’ cause via the emotion-focused pathway. At the same time, perceptions of political efficacy increase, bolstering engagement via the problem-focused pathway. We conclude that while goal proximity does not seem to affect overall intentions to engage in collective action, it does affect the motivational paths to it, which makes it a relevant factor to consider in both research and social justice contexts.
Self-determination theory as a lens to explore motivational factors and leadership influences in sustainable school improvement: A South African case

Many South African schools are underperforming academically and are labelled as trapped or yo-yo schools. The motivation and commitment of school leadership and educators play a critical role in realising improved academic results and sustainable improvement. In the study reported on here a 2-fold perspective was used to explore the problem of motivation: (a) motivational factors influencing sustainable improvement in performing, trapped and yo-yo schools and (b) how the self-determination theory (SDT) can cast light on the issue of motivation and sustainable improvement in schools. Following a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design, purposive sampling was used to select 6 secondary schools. We conducted individual and focus group interviews with the 6 school principals and 36 educators and heads of department who participated in the study. The findings reveal external factors that operate as negative and positive influences on the participants’ controlled motivation, amotivation and autonomous motivation. Reactions to the labelling of the schools and the motivation brought about by the school leadership styles enabled the participants to internalise the goals of the interventions of the Department of Basic Education for school improvement. One-size-fits-all interventions for school improvement are not effective in all trapped schools. Interventions should be based on individual analyses of root causes of problems and not on the symptoms.
Short communication Isolation and identification of Clostridium tetani from tetanus suspected equine and their environment in selected sites of central Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2016 to May 2017 to isolate and identify Clostridium tetani. A total of 71 samples (equine deep wound swabs, feces, soil from the feces contaminated environment) were collected. Isolation of Clostridium tetani was carried out using an anaerobic Vian de et Foie (VF) medium. Out of the 71 samples cultured on VF medium, 27 (38 %) of them were grown and all were confirmed to be Clostridium tetani using spore staining and biochemical tests. Study site and sample type had a statistically significant association (p<0.05) with C. tetani isolation in which higher occurrences were from the Bishoftu area, environmental, and feces samples. The present study showed the widespread occurrence of tetanus in the equine population inquiring about the need for designing feasible control strategies.