Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of age from human sternum-an autopsy study

Background & Objectives: Estimation of age in elderly person is often required in medico legal practice. Estimation of age in elderly person is comparatively more difficult than in young persons. The aim of the study was to determine the age of an individual from fusion of various parts of the sternum. Methods: Sterna were obtained from 53 males and 47 females aged between 14 years to 75 years from known corpses during medico-legal autopsies at Tirunelveli Medical College, Tamilnadu, India by dissection and maceration of soft tissues. Results: When the segments of the body of sternum are fused, the age of an individual should be above 21 years. If the manubrium and body of sternum is not fused, the age of the Individual is less than 35 years in males and less than 43 years in females. If the xiphoid process and body of sternum is fused, the age of the individual is more than 32 years in males and more than 40 years in females. Interpretation: Age estimation from union of manubrium and xiphoid with the body of the sternum seem to be reliable where the sex is already determined. Fusion of segments of body of sternum is a more reliable in estimation of age of an individual irrespective of the sex. Conclusions: This study proves that sternum is a reliable tool to estimate the age of a person.
Depression levels of nursing students and their methods for coping with stress

Amac: Bu arastirma, Lisans egitimi alan hemsirelik ogrencilerinin depresyon duzeyleri ve stresle basetme yontemlerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla tanimlayici olarak yapilmistir. Gerec ve Yontem: Calismanin evrenini, 2015-2016 egitim ogretim doneminde Hemsirelik bolumunde ogrenim goren toplam 292 ogrenci, orneklemini ise arastirmaya katilmayi kabul eden 226 ogrenci olusturmustur. Veriler, arastirmacilar tarafindan hazirlanan Gorusme Formu, Beck Depresyon Olcegi (BDO) ve Stresle Basa Cikma Yollari Olcegi (SBYO) kullanilarak elde edilmistir. Arastirmaya katilan ogrencilere arastirmanin amaci konusunda bilgi verilerek, formlar yuz yuze gorusme yontemi ile uygulanmistir. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde, yuzde, ortalama, t testi, varyans analizi ve Tukey testi kullanilmistir. Degerlendirmelerde anlamlilik duzeyi olarak p<0.05 kabul edilmistir. Bulgular: A rastirmaya katilan ogrencilerin yas ortalamasi 20.8±1.2 ve %77.4’u kadindir. Ogrencilerin BDE puan ortalamalarinin 12.50±10.20 oldugu, %27’sinin depresyon olceginden yuksek puan aldiklari belirlenmistir. Yapilan istatistiksel analize gore, sinif, okul yasamindan memnuniyet durumu, calisirken okuma durumu, fiziksel ve ruhsal saglik algisi ile depresyon arasinda istatistiksel olarak a nlamlilik bulunmustur (p<0.05). Calismaya katilan ogrencilerin stresle bas etmede kendine guvenli yaklasim yontemini kullandiklari belirlenmistir. Sonuc: Elde edilen bulgulara gore hemsirelik bolumunde okuyan ogrencilerin yaklasik dortte birinin depresyon puaninin yuksek oldugu belirlenmistir. Birinci sinif ogrencilerine yeni universite ortami ve yeni egitim sistemine uyumunu arttirmak icin oryantasyon programlarinin duzenlenmesi, son sinif ogrencilerine mezuniyete hazirliga yonelik adaptasyon programlarinin yapilmasinin, ogrencilerin ruh sagliginin gelistirilmesine katki saglayacagi dusunulmektedir.
Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Adults and Children

Evidence behind rational fluid therapy for sick paediatric and adult patients is sparse. During the last two decades, fluid therapy has become increasingly regulated. The never-ending debate about crystalloids versus colloids is continuing and the scientific community still waits the discovery of the ideal intravenous solution. This review focus on analyzing the current evidence behind various practices of fluid management in children and adults. A web based search was carried out using the pubmed. The following key words were used; “Fluid therapy”, “peri-operative fluids”, “tissue oxygenation”, “Intravenous fluids”, “tissue perfusion”. Studies more than 10 years old were excluded. Systemic reviews, randomized trials, meta analyses and novel ideas about fluid resuscitation were filtered out to obtain the best evidence. “Up to date” 2016 was used to formulate factual back ground information.
Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth on Ascaridia galli, Blood Parameters: And on Ectoparasites In Chicken

The efficacy of diatomaceous earth (DE) in the treatment of chicken against Ascaridia galli and ectoparasites; and its effect on blood parameters in chicken was investigated. Four hundred hens were divided into 5 treatment groups, A, B, C, D and E (n = 80 per group). Groups C, D and E were orally infected with 250 embryonated A. galli eggs while groups A and B were not. Meanwhile, groups A and C fed diets with 2% DE and group D was fed with piperazine; and groups B and E was neither fed with DE nor piperazine. Fecal samples and blood samples were analyzed at week 16 to 22 and; 16 and 36, respectively for fecal egg counts (FEC) and blood parameters (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and hematocrit value), respectively. In another experiment, to assess efficacy of DE in treating poultry ectoparasites (fleas, mites and lice) DE was topically applied. Results from biweekly fecal analyses showed significant differences in FEC (P<0.05); and treatment by group (P<0.05) implying that DE had a significant effect in treating A. galli. No significant effects on hematological values were noted (P>0.05). Findings from ectoparasite trials indicated that at certain time points DE eliminated all targeted parasites (efficacy =100%). This study concludes that DE has the potential to control A. galli; and ectoparasites in chicken. Further studies should target effect of DE on internal parasite dynamics for longer periods in chicken. Additionally, to quicken the action of DE against ectoparasites, organic approaches should be studied.
On the application of compression-based metrics to identifying anomalous behaviour in web traffic

In cybersecurity, there is a call for adaptive, accurate and efficient procedures to identifying performance shortcomings and security breaches. The increasing complexity of both Internet services and traffic determines a scenario that in many cases impedes the proper deployment of intrusion detection and prevention systems. Although it is a common practice to monitor network and applications activity, there is not a general methodology to codify and interpret the recorded events. Moreover, this lack of methodology somehow erodes the possibility of diagnosing whether event detection and recording is adequately performed. As a result, there is an urge to construct general codification and classification procedures to be applied on any type of security event in any activity log. This work is focused on defining such a method using the so-called normalized compression distance (NCD). NCD is parameter-free and can be applied to determine the distance between events expressed using strings. As a first step in the concretion of a methodology for the integral interpretation of security events, this work is devoted to the characterization of web logs. On the grounds of the NCD, we propose an anomaly-based procedure for identifying web attacks from web logs. Given a web query as stored in a security log, a NCD-based feature vector is created and classified using a support vector machine. The method is tested using the CSIC-2010 data set, and the results are analyzed with respect to similar proposals.
Effects of Multisensory Cues, Self-Enhancing Imagery and Self Goal-Achievement Emotion on Purchase Intention

This research aimed at studying the role of self-enhancing imagery and self goal-achievement emotion in the effect of characteristics perceived at advertisements using multisensory cues on purchase intention. Sports shoes advertisement was selected as an empirical research object. Questionnaire survey method was used to collect data. ‘WenJuanXing’ site was used to make the questionnaire in Chinese, and it was loaded on WeChat and QQ. 260 participants from different regions of China participated in online questionnaire survey. The results of testing the hypotheses by structural equation model in Amos 21.0 program are summarized as followings. The congruency between multisensory cues and self-discrepancy awareness positively evoked the self-enhancing imagery and the self goal-achievement emotion. The object relevance between the consumer and the product advertised did not induce the emotion, but evoked the self-enhancing imagery. Both of the self-enhancing imagery and the self goal-achievement emotion had positive effects on the product purchase intention. When developing advertisement, marketers should focus on multisensory cues’ characteristics to enhance the self-enhancing imageries as well as to help feel the goal-achievement emotion. They should pay attention to the ways by which the multisensory cues’ characteristics used to develop advertisement can be perceived to be congruent with each other by consumers.
A Multicenter Study of the Impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on the incidence of Pathologic Complete Response (pCR) Among Saudi Patients with locally advanced Breast cancer (LABC) post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC).

PURPOSE Obesity was reported to be a poor prognostic factor for breast cancer. There is a growing evidence of increasing prevalence of obesity among Saudi women across all age groups (44%). Since the prognostic significance of obesity was not studied in Saudi patients with breast cancer, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of BMI on pCR in LABC patients post NAC. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study between May 2005 to July 2010; 246 consecutive female patients who were diagnosed of LABC (Stage II & III) and underwent surgery in three tertiary care centers, representative of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; King Abdullah Hospital, Mecca and King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam) were included in this study. All included patients have received NAC (Anthracycline/Taxane based combination chemotherapy and ± Herceptin). Patients who were diagnosed to have stage IV breast cancer due to presence of distant metastasis were excluded. Patients were categorized as normal (BMI <25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI of 25 to <30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI >30 kg/m2). pCR was defined as no invasive cancer in the breast or axillary tissue. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the statistical associations between pCR and BMI with respect to the other previously established prognostic factors, namely age, tumor grade, stage, ER/ PR /Her-2neu status, molecular subtypes, and lympho-vascular invasion (LVI). RESULTS The median age was 50 years (range 24-68). Molecular subtypes were as follows: luminal A; 23.2%, luminal B; 45.1%, triple negative; 16.7% and Her-2 neu positive; 15%. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma represents the majority of our cohort (92.7%). Eighty-six (35%) were stage II and 160 (65%) were stage III. Intermediate and high-grade malignancies were found in 52% and 44.3% of the patients respectively. Positive lymph vascular invasion was detected in 41.5%. Obese patients constitute 55.7% of our cohort. Pathologic complete response was achieved in 62 patients (25.2%). In Univariate analysis LVI and overweight /obesity were negatively correlated with pCR (P= 0.037 and 0.000 respectively) while tumor grade was positively correlated with pCR (P= 0.008). In multivariate analysis, Overweight/ obesity was the only significant independent factor correlating with pCR (P=0.000). No impact of BMI has been demonstrated on both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.93, 0.18 respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, Overweight/Obesity (which represent more than half of the patients =81.3 %) had a negative impact on pCR in Saudi patients with LABC treated with NAC. This poorer outcome in patients with abnormal weight (Overweight/Obesity) necessitates further prospective studies of this risk factor in order to optimize the care of this group of patients.
Robust Control Parameters Design of PBC Controller for LCL-Filtered Grid-Tied Inverter

Owing to the strong robustness against system parameter changes and external perturbations, the passivity-based control (PBC) has been widely adopted in grid-tied inverter (GTI). However, for a PBC-based GTI with LCL-filter, there are three damping gains and two interactively coupled-feedforward terms in the control loop, resulting in the controller design challenge for engineers. In order to help electrical engineers to well design the PBC controller for LCL-filtered GTI, a new design of the damping gains is proposed, by limiting the inherent steady-state error of grid-injected current. Furthermore, the state observer is also adopted to reduce the number of sensors. The robustness against the parameters shift and wide grid impedance variation is also addressed. The effectiveness of the proposed control design strategy will be verified through experimental results on a 3 kW/3-phase/110 V experimental lab setup.
Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells regulate inflammatory responses in sepsis

Objective: Sepsis-induced immune alterations are associated with secondary infections and increased risk of death. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been described as a novel therapeutic strategy. We evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of human dental follicle (DF-MSCs) on lymphocytes of sepsis and septic shock patients. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from venous blood samples of sepsis, septic shock and healthy subjects. PBMCs were co-cultured in the presence and absence of DF-MSCs with or without interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) for 72 hours. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+regulatory T (Treg) cell frequency, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine levels and apoptosis were evaluated via flow cytometry. Results: DF-MSCs significantly suppressed proliferation of lymphocytes in sepsis group compared to septic shock group (p<0.005). DF-MSCs remarkably increased Treg ratio in sepsis compared to control group (p<0.05). Reduction of lymphocyte apoptosis in cocultures of DF-MSCs and PBMC was significant in both sepsis and septic shock groups. IFN-γ stimulation of DF-MSCs ameliorated shift in the T-cell subsets from Th2 to Th1 phenotype in septic shock. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that DF-MSCs have immunoregulatory effects both in sepsis and septic shock, by reducing interleukin-4 (IL-4) and increasing IFN-γ levels. This immunoreactivity regulation may open new therapeutic approaches for septic shock patients.
Sharp Alfvénic Impulses in the Near-Sun Solar Wind

Measurements of the near-Sun solar wind by the Parker Solar Probe have revealed the presence of large numbers of discrete Alfvénic impulses with an anti-sunward sense of propagation. These are similar to those previously observed near 1 au, in high speed streams over the Sun’s poles and at 60 solar radii. At 35 solar radii, however, they are typically shorter and sharper than seen elsewhere. In addition, these spikes occur in “patches” and there are also clear periods within the same stream when they do not occur; the timescale of these patches might be related to the rate at which the spacecraft magnetic footpoint tracks across the coronal hole from which the plasma originated. While the velocity fluctuations associated with these spikes are typically under 100 km s−1, due to the rather low Alfvén speeds in the streams observed by the spacecraft to date, these are still associated with large angular deflections of the magnetic field—and these deflections are not isotropic. These deflections do not appear to be related to the recently reported large-scale, pro-rotation solar wind flow. Estimates of the size and shape of the spikes reveal high aspect ratio flow-aligned structures with a transverse scale of ≈104 km. These events might be signatures of near-Sun impulsive reconnection events.
Land subsidence and sinkholes susceptibility mapping and analysis using random forest and frequency ratio models in Al Ain, UAE

Abstract This paper presents an approach to susceptibility mapping land subsidenceand sinkholes in the Al Ain area, UAE. A frequency ratio model was utilized to spatially analyse the relationship between locations of land subsidence and sinkhole and conditioning factors (CFs) to land subsidence susceptibility map. The values of eight essential CFs were employed as inputs to a random forest (RF) model. The produced map was compared with land subsidence and sinkhole locations and verified using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC). The results indicated a positive relationship and showed that the area under the curve was 88.4%, for the RF model. Thus, application of the approach using different algorithms could improve the performance of the modelling and the accuracy of the produced maps. The results of this study not only permit a better understanding of the impact of human activity and excessive groundwater extraction on ground surface stability, but also assist in enhancing geohazard mitigation strategies.
Polyoxometalates: Tailoring metal oxides in molecular dimension toward energy applications

Polyoxometalates could be viewed as the molecular counterpart of the metal oxides, which are essential ingredients for various energy conversion and storage applications. In this manuscript, we review the progress of engineering functional polyoxometalates toward energy applications, focusing on, but not limited to, polyoxotitanate, polyoxotungstate, and polyoxomolybdate. These polyoxometalates are considered to be promising candidates for dye‐sensitized solar cell, perovskite solar cell, lithium‐ion battery, lithium‐sulfur battery, supercapacitor, and water‐splitting system. We believe advanced energy devices with better performance could be derived from further engineering the polyoxometalates owing to their molecular design flexibility.
The outcome of short stay thyroidectomy in rural medical outreach settings in Northern Nigeria

Background: The practice of short stay thyroidectomy is relatively new in developing nations like Nigeria. The primary reason for this is a lack of resources. Furthermore, the prevailing poverty prevents many patients from accessing tertiary health care, as such, ad hoc medical outreaches are usually conducted to bridge the gap. Thyroidectomies have not been routinely performed in these outreach settings due to safety concerns. The study seeks to analyse whether short stay thyroidectomy can be safely practiced under medical outreach settings with limited resources. Methods: The study is a prospective review of all patients that had short stay thyroidectomy at four rural medical outreach settings in Nigeria. Entire study spanned January 2019 to November 2019. Each outreach lasted one week, and patients were followed up for the duration of the outreach. All patients presenting at the outreach locations and diagnosed with goiters who have had no prior neck surgeries, are euthyroid, have no locally advanced malignancies or intrathoracic goiters, have adequate social support, possess a telephone, and have accommodation within the local government area where the outreach is carried out were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included patients who did not satisfy any of the above listed inclusion criteria. Thyroidectomy was done through a standard cervicotomy. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results: A total of 81 patients with non-toxic goiters had thyroid surgery. There were 76 (94%) females and five (6%) males. Average age was 46 years. Sixty-nine (85.2%) patients had no complication, while 12 (14.8%) patients had complications. Seventy-seven (95.1%) patients were discharged within 24 hours of surgery, while four (9.4%) patients were discharged within 48 hours. There was no mortality. Conclusions: The short-stay thyroidectomy model is feasible and safe in our environment, even in the presence of limited resources, and provides an alternative to the traditional 72 hour postoperative hospital stay.
Simulated Emotions and Mood as part of Decision Making in a Mobile Agent Society

This thesis explores cooperation among self-interested agents that use simulated emotions and mood as part of their decision making. The thesis begins by analysing the psychology literature on emotions and mood, and the models developed. A discussion follows that shows the inherent difficulties in developing these models so that they can be used by computational agents. The first set of experiments shows how a society of emotional agents are affected by the introduction of mobility, in terms of cooperation in the Prisoner’s Dilemma and the effects on which emotional characteristics are successful when compared to previous implementations. The thesis also introduces a new computational model of mood which is demonstrated in two separate implementations. Both implementations are tested in the Prisoner’s Dilemma and show improvements in cooperation when compared to the equivalent implementation that does not use the model of mood, where the agents implementing these models are placed in mobile environments. The experiments augment the previous findings that mobility and the environment structure has an an effect agents. The next set of experiments in the thesis highlighted that mobility reduces the level of cooperation and increases convergence times towards cooperation for the agents. The more open the arena, the more impact the effect of mobility has on the agents. The average scores were noted to only be impacted when the payoff matrix supports this effect. An Evolutionarily Stable Strategy analysis was conducted on the emotional and moody agents that have been implemented. Emotional agents can be considered stable when allowed time to interact with their neighbours. Moody agents were shown not to be stable. The stability of the emotional agents came at the cost of cooperation, as the ability of moody agents to create cooperation creates the risk that cooperation will not be reciprocal. In conclusion, the thesis has showed that self-interested emotional and moody agents are able to be both competitive and cooperative in environments where mobility exists.