Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytoconstituents Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Syringodium isoetifolium Leaf Extracts

: Phytoconstituents and Antioxidant effect of Seagrass This research aimed to explore the antioxidant potency of leaf extracts of Syringodium isoetifolium seagrass. In this study, seagrass leaves were collected from the local tribe’s source, dried and extracted with water, alcohol, hydro alcohols, acetone and n-hexane. Phytochemical investigation on extracts was performed using chemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric techniques. It reveals that the extracts are enriched with pharmacologically active compounds such as phenol, polyphenol, alkaloid, glycoside, saponin, flavonoids, dicarboxylic acids and other constituents. Later, the crude extracts were estimated for antioxidant activity using different in vitro methods such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate, total antioxidant, nitric oxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. The result demonstrated that the extracts exhibited higher radical scavenging activity as compared to the ascorbic acid. Among the different extracts, the hydroalcoholic extract had shown an excellent antioxidant activity due to the existence of more potent phytochemicals.
Taxonomy of Fairness Concepts in Clustering

1. Demographic Fairness: The high-level goal of such notions is to treat each group of points fairly, with respect to either how other groups are being treated or with respect to the specific needs of the group at hand. Usually, the groups of points that we are interested in are given as part of the input, and they represent points sharing some important defining attributes. Hence, each group can be perceived as an underlying demographic of the population. For example, we might be provided with groups representing age, e.g., “children”, “teenagers”, “adults”, “senior citizens”. We now present all different concepts of demographic fairness that have been studied in the context of clustering.
INTERMEDIATE RESOLUTION NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF 36 LATE M DWARFS

We present observations of 36 late M dwarfs obtained with the Keck II/NIRSPEC in the J band at a resolution of ∼20,000. We have measured projected rotational velocities, absolute radial velocities, and pseudo-equivalent widths of atomic lines. Twelve of our targets did not have previous measurements in the literature. For the other 24 targets, we confirm previously reported measurements. We find that 13 stars from our sample have v sin i below our measurement threshold (12 km s−1) whereas four of our targets are fast rotators (v sin i > 30 km s−1). As fast rotation causes spectral features to be washed out, stars with low projected rotational velocities are sought for radial velocity surveys. At our intermediate spectral resolution, we have confirmed the identification of neutral atomic lines reported in McLean et al. We also calculated pseudo-equivalent widths of 12 atomic lines. Our results confirm that the pseudo-equivalent width of K i lines is strongly dependent on spectral types. We observe that the pseudo-equivalent width of Fe i and Mn i lines remains fairly constant with later spectral type. We suggest that these lines are particularly suitable for deriving metallicities for late M dwarfs.
Dissipative preparation of antiferromagnetic order in the Fermi-Hubbard model

The Fermi-Hubbard model is one of the key models of condensed matter physics, which holds a potential for explaining the mystery of high-temperature superconductivity. Recent progress in ultracold atoms in optical lattices has paved the way to studying the model’s phase diagram using the tools of quantum simulation, which emerged as a promising alternative to the numerical calculations plagued by the infamous sign problem. However, the temperatures achieved using elaborate laser cooling protocols so far have been too high to show the appearance of antiferromagnetic (AF) and superconducting quantum phases directly. In this work, we demonstrate that using the machinery of dissipative quantum state engineering, one can observe the emergence of the AF order in the Fermi-Hubbard model with fermions in optical lattices. The core of the approach is to add incoherent laser scattering in such a way that the AF state emerges as the dark state of the driven-dissipative dynamics. The proposed controlled dissipation channels described in this work are straightforward to add to already existing experimental setups.
The Complete Calibration of the Color–Redshift Relation (C3R2) Survey: Analysis and Data Release 2

The Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (C3R2) survey is a multi-institution, multi-instrument survey that aims to map the empirical relation of galaxy color to redshift to i ∼ 24.5 (AB), thereby providing a firm foundation for weak lensing cosmology with the Stage IV dark energy missions Euclid and WFIRST. Here we present 3171 new spectroscopic redshifts obtained in the 2016B and 2017A semesters with a combination of DEIMOS, LRIS, and MOSFIRE on the Keck telescopes. The observations come from all of the Keck partners: Caltech, NASA, the University of Hawaii, and the University of California. Combined with the 1283 redshifts published in DR1, the C3R2 survey has now obtained and published 4454 high-quality galaxy redshifts. We discuss updates to the survey design and provide a catalog of photometric and spectroscopic data. Initial tests of the calibration method performance are given, indicating that the sample, once completed and combined with extensive data collected by other spectroscopic surveys, should allow us to meet the cosmology requirements for Euclid, and make significant headway toward solving the problem for WFIRST. We use the full spectroscopic sample to demonstrate that galaxy brightness is weakly correlated with redshift once a galaxy is localized in the Euclid or WFIRST color space, with potentially important implications for the spectroscopy needed to calibrate redshifts for faint WFIRST and LSST sources.
Detailed study of SNR G306.3-0.9 using XMM-Newton and Chandra observations

We used combined data from XMM-Newton and Chandra observatories to study the X-ray morphology of SNR G306.3-0.9. A spatially-resolved spectral analysis was used to obtain physical and geometrical parameters of different regions of the remnant. Spitzer infrared observations were also used to constrain the progenitor supernova and study the environment in which the SNR evolved. The X-ray morphology of the remnant displays a non-uniform structure of semi-circular appearance, with a bright southwest region and very weak or almost negligible X-ray emission in its northern part. These results indicate that the remnant is propagating in a non-uniform environment as the shock fronts are encountering a high-density medium, where enhanced infrared emission is detected. The X-ray spectral analysis of the selected regions shows distinct emission-line features of several metal elements, confirming the thermal origin of the emission. The X-ray spectra are well represented by a combination of two absorbed thermal plasma models: one in equilibrium ionization with a mean temperature of ~0.19 keV, and another out of equilibrium ionization at a higher temperature of ~1.1 or 1.6-1.9 keV. For regions located in the northeast, central, and southwest part of the SNR, we found elevated abundances of Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe, typical of ejecta material. The outer regions located northwest and south show values of the abundances above solar but lower than to those found in the central regions. This suggests that the composition of the emitting outer parts of the SNR is a combination of ejecta and shocked material of the interstellar medium. The comparison between the S/Si, Ar/Si, and Ca/Si abundances ratios (1.75, 1.27, and 2.72 in the central region, respectively), favor a Type Ia progenitor for this SNR, a result that is also supported by an independent morphological analysis using X-ray and IR data.
Wide nutation: binary black-hole spins repeatedly oscillating from full alignment to full anti-alignment

Within the framework of 2PN black-hole binary spin precession, we explore configurations where one of the two spins oscillates from being completely aligned with the orbital angular momentum to being completely anti-aligned with it during a single precession cycle. This wide nutation is the extreme limit of the generic phenomenon of spin nutation in black-hole binaries. Crucially, wide nutation happens on the short precession time scale and it is not a secular effect due to gravitational-wave radiation reaction. The spins of these binaries, therefore, flip repeatedly as one of these special configurations is entered. Binaries with total mass M, mass ratio q, and dimensionless spin () of the more (less) massive black hole are allowed to undergo wide nutation at binary separations . Sources that are more likely to nutate widely have similar masses and effective spins close to zero.
Adaptation Challenges of Domestic and International Students in a Russian English-Medium Instruction University

With the increasing focus on the internationalization of higher education, universities are developing student mobility. This paper examines the challenges experienced by domestic and international students who adapt to a Russian English-medium instruction university. A mixed-method approach with interviews and surveys was utilized to specify, evaluate, and discuss the students’ internationalization experiences in these educational settings. The results indicated that both groups of students mentioned different aspects of language barriers, friendship networks, and university social life as critical areas for adjustment. Domestic students avoid taking part in university social life, instead focusing on their academic performance, this fact probably rooted in the Russian approach to secondary education. The specific finding of the Russian educational landscape is a lack of differences between domestic and international students concerning academic integration. All of this suggests institutions to adopt more student-oriented adaptation mechanisms, informed by the concept of inclusion in education; these implications are discussed. institutional settings. Prior research mostly considered international students’ adaptation to Russian-medium instruction universities (Beregovaya 2019; 2018; 2020). This study aims to address a gap in cross-cultural adaptation literature by investigating international and domestic students’ experiences in a Russian EMI university. These findings can have meaningful implications for international partners of Russian and other post-Soviet countries’ universities, professional associations, students, scholars, and teachers preparing to study at or collaborate with HE institutions in these regions.
Inhomogeneous Condensates in the Thermodynamics of the Chiral NJL(2) model

We analyze the thermodynamical properties, at finite density and nonzero temperature, of the (1+1) dimensional chiral Gross-Neveu model (the NJL{sub 2} model), using the exact inhomogeneous (crystalline) condensate solutions to the gap equation. The continuous chiral symmetry of the model plays a crucial role, and the thermodynamics leads to a broken phase with a periodic spiral condensate, the ''chiral spiral,'' as a thermodynamically preferred limit of the more general ''twisted kink crystal'' solution of the gap equation. This situation should be contrasted with the Gross-Neveu model, which has a discrete chiral symmetry, and for which the phase diagram has a crystalline phase with a periodic kink crystal. We use a combination of analytic, numerical, and Ginzburg-Landau techniques to study various parts of the phase diagram.
Evidence of Covariation Between Regional Implicit Bias and Socially Significant Outcomes in Healthcare, Education, and Law Enforcement

The Relationship of Implicit Bias and Individual The Relationship of Implicit Bias and Systemic Discriminatory Behaviors: Implicit Bias as the Outcome Explained by Systemic Predictors Abstract When viewing the state of the world today, social and behavioral scientists face a puzzling inconsistency: how can it be that evidence of discrimination persists in all signi ﬁ cant aspects of life – from housing and jobs to healthcare and law enforcement – even though individuals and institutions adamantly stand for equality? Over the past two decades, research has demonstrated that at least part of the answer to this puzzle can be attributed to the implicit nature of biases – attitudes, beliefs, and identities that are less conscious and controllable but that nevertheless exist and shape behavior. Today, it is taken as a given that evidence is strong and substantial for the presence of implicit bias in the minds and behaviors of individuals . This chapter, however, reviews an emerging body of research that uses large-scale, aggregated data across millions of tests of implicit attitudes and beliefs to understand outcomes of socially signi ﬁ cant systemic behaviors ranging from the police use of lethal force to infant healthcare to school suspensions and discipline. Methodologically, the studies quantify social and psychological processes acting in the real world and introduce data of unprece-dented scope across geography and time. Theoretically, both the approach and ﬁ ndings of this research underscore a new meaning of the term systemic discrimination that recognizes how implicit bias both shapes and is shaped by broad structural systems and outcomes.
Crowdsourcing Lightweight Pyramids for Manual Summary Evaluation

Conducting a manual evaluation is considered an essential part of summary evaluation methodology. Traditionally, the Pyramid protocol, which exhaustively compares system summaries to references, has been perceived as very reliable, providing objective scores. Yet, due to the high cost of the Pyramid method and the required expertise, researchers resorted to cheaper and less thorough manual evaluation methods, such as Responsiveness and pairwise comparison, attainable via crowdsourcing. We revisit the Pyramid approach, proposing a lightweight sampling-based version that is crowdsourcable. We analyze the performance of our method in comparison to original expert-based Pyramid evaluations, showing higher correlation relative to the common Responsiveness method. We release our crowdsourced Summary-Content-Units, along with all crowdsourcing scripts, for future evaluations.
SLICING THE MONOCEROS OVERDENSITY WITH SUPRIME-CAM

We derive distance, density, and metallicity distribution of the stellar Monoceros Overdensity (MO) in the outer Milky Way, based on deep imaging with the Subaru Telescope. We applied color–magnitude diagram fitting techniques in three stripes at galactic longitudes, l ∼ 130°, 150°, 170°, and galactic latitudes, +15° ⩽ b ⩽ +25°. The MO appears as a wall of stars at a heliocentric distance of ∼10.1 ± 0.5 kpc across the observed longitude range with no distance change. The MO stars are more metal-rich ([Fe/H] ∼ −1.0) than the nearby stars at the same latitude. These data are used to test three different models for the origin of the MO: a perturbed disk model, which predicts a significant drop in density adjacent to the MO that is not seen; a basic flared disk model, which can give a good match to the density profile but the MO metallicity implies the disk is too metal-rich to source the MO stars; and a tidal stream model, which, from the literature, brackets the distances and densities we derive for the MO, suggesting that a model can be found that would fully fit the MO data. Further data and modeling will be required to confirm or rule out the MO feature as a stream or as a flaring of the disk.
CONSTRAINING THE PHYSICS OF AM CANUM VENATICORUM SYSTEMS WITH THE ACCRETION DISK INSTABILITY MODEL

Recent work by Levitan et al. has expanded the long-term photometric database for AM CVn stars. In particular, their outburst properties are well correlated with orbital period and allow constraints to be placed on the secular mass transfer rate between secondary and primary if one adopts the disk instability model for the outbursts. We use the observed range of outbursting behavior for AM CVn systems as a function of orbital period to place a constraint on mass transfer rate versus orbital period. We infer a rate ∼ 5 × 10 − 9 M ⊙ yr - 1 ( P orb / 1000 s ) − 5.2 ? > . We show that the functional form so obtained is consistent with the recurrence time–orbital period relation found by Levitan et al. using a simple theory for the recurrence time. Also, we predict that their steep dependence of outburst duration on orbital period will flatten considerably once the longer orbital period systems have more complete observations.
"Lossless" Compression of Deep Neural Networks: A High-dimensional Neural Tangent Kernel Approach

Modern deep neural networks (DNNs) are extremely powerful; however, this comes at the price of increased depth and having more parameters per layer, making their training and inference more computationally challenging. In an attempt to address this key limitation, efforts have been devoted to the compression (e.g., sparsification and/or quantization) of these large-scale machine learning models, so that they can be deployed on low-power IoT devices. In this paper, building upon recent advances in neural tangent kernel (NTK) and random matrix theory (RMT), we provide a novel compression approach to wide and fully-connected \emph{deep} neural nets. Specifically, we demonstrate that in the high-dimensional regime where the number of data points $n$ and their dimension $p$ are both large, and under a Gaussian mixture model for the data, there exists \emph{asymptotic spectral equivalence} between the NTK matrices for a large family of DNN models. This theoretical result enables"lossless"compression of a given DNN to be performed, in the sense that the compressed network yields asymptotically the same NTK as the original (dense and unquantized) network, with its weights and activations taking values \emph{only} in $\{ 0, \pm 1 \}$ up to a scaling. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world data are conducted to support the advantages of the proposed compression scheme, with code available at \url{https://github.com/Model-Compression/Lossless_Compression}.
Restricted Isometry Property under High Correlations

Matrices satisfying the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) play an important role in the areas of compressed sensing and statistical learning. RIP matrices with optimal parameters are mainly obtained via probabilistic arguments, as explicit constructions seem hard. It is therefore interesting to ask whether a fixed matrix can be incorporated into a construction of restricted isometries. In this paper, we construct a new broad ensemble of random matrices with dependent entries that satisfy the restricted isometry property. Our construction starts with a fixed (deterministic) matrix $X$ satisfying some simple stable rank condition, and we show that the matrix $XR$, where $R$ is a random matrix drawn from various popular probabilistic models (including, subgaussian, sparse, low-randomness, satisfying convex concentration property), satisfies the RIP with high probability. These theorems have various applications in signal recovery, random matrix theory, dimensionality reduction, etc. Additionally, motivated by an application for understanding the effectiveness of word vector embeddings popular in natural language processing and machine learning applications, we investigate the RIP of the matrix $XR^{(l)}$ where $R^{(l)}$ is formed by taking all possible (disregarding order) $l$-way entrywise products of the columns of a random matrix $R$.
A NEW CODE FOR NONLINEAR FORCE-FREE FIELD EXTRAPOLATION OF THE GLOBAL CORONA

Reliable measurements of the solar magnetic field are still restricted to the photosphere, and our present knowledge of the three-dimensional coronal magnetic field is largely based on extrapolations from photospheric magnetograms using physical models, e.g., the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) model that is usually adopted. Most of the currently available NLFFF codes have been developed with computational volume such as a Cartesian box or a spherical wedge, while a global full-sphere extrapolation is still under development. A high-performance global extrapolation code is in particular urgently needed considering that the Solar Dynamics Observatory can provide a full-disk magnetogram with resolution up to 4096 × 4096. In this work, we present a new parallelized code for global NLFFF extrapolation with the photosphere magnetogram as input. The method is based on the magnetohydrodynamics relaxation approach, the CESE–MHD numerical scheme, and a Yin–Yang spherical grid that is used to overcome the polar problems of the standard spherical grid. The code is validated by two full-sphere force-free solutions from Low & Lou's semi-analytic force-free field model. The code shows high accuracy and fast convergence, and can be ready for future practical application if combined with an adaptive mesh refinement technique.
Smartphone Usage among University Students: A Critical Analysis from Educational Perspective

This paper throws light on smartphone usage by university students. This paper is based on secondary data, where an attempt has been made to collect and analyse related literature on smartphone usage by university students. The related literature revealed that the use of smartphones has both positive and negative effects on students, but the effect depends on the nature and duration of smartphone usage. It is recommended that university students should be encouraged for regulative and controlled use of the smartphone, which has a strong positive effect on their academic performance. Efforts should be made to develop awareness among university students for the proper educational use of smartphones.
THE EVOLUTION OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN THE ARCHES CLUSTER

Most stars form in a cluster environment. These stars are initially surrounded by disks from which potentially planetary systems form. Of all cluster environments, starburst clusters are probably the most hostile for planetary systems in our Galaxy. The intense stellar radiation and extreme density favor rapid destruction of circumstellar disks via photoevaporation and stellar encounters. Evolving a virialized model of the Arches cluster in the Galactic tidal field, we investigate the effect of stellar encounters on circumstellar disks in a prototypical starburst cluster. Despite its proximity to the deep gravitational potential of the Galactic center, only a moderate fraction of members escapes to form an extended pair of tidal tails. Our simulations show that encounters destroy one-third of the circumstellar disks in the cluster core within the first 2.5 Myr of evolution, preferentially affecting the least and most massive stars. A small fraction of these events causes rapid ejection and the formation of a weaker second pair of tidal tails that is overpopulated by disk-poor stars. Two predictions arise from our study. (1) If not destroyed by photoevaporation protoplanetary disks of massive late B- and early O-type stars represent the most likely hosts of planet formation in starburst clusters. (2) Multi-epoch K- and L-band photometry of the Arches cluster would provide the kinematically selected membership sample required to detect the additional pair of disk-poor tidal tails.
Derived equivalences induced by nonclassical tilting objects

Suppose that $\mathcal{A}$ is an abelian category whose derived category $\mathcal{D}(\mathcal{A})$ has $Hom$ sets and arbitrary (small) coproducts, let $T$ be a (not necessarily classical) ($n$-)tilting object of $\mathcal{A}$ and let $\mathcal{H}$ be the heart of the associated t-structure on $\mathcal{D}(\mathcal{A})$. We show that the inclusion functor $\mathcal{H}\hookrightarrow\mathcal{D}(\mathcal{A})$ extends to a triangulated equivalence of unbounded derived categories $\mathcal{D}(\mathcal{H})\stackrel{\cong}{\longrightarrow}\mathcal{D}(\mathcal{A})$. The result admits a straightforward dualization to cotilting objects in abelian categories whose derived category has $Hom$ sets and arbitrary products.