Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Cartilage Tissue Collected From Less- and Severely-Affected Region of Osteoarthritic Knee

Culture expanded chondrocytes isolated from non-load bearing region of osteoarthritic (OA) joint has been used to construct tissue engineered cartilage for treatment purposes. The aim of the study was to compare the histological properties of the cartilage tissue and morphological properties of the chondrocytes isolated from less and severely affected OA knee. Human articular cartilage was obtained as redundant tissue from consented patients with late-stage OA undergoing total knee replacement surgery at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Articular cartilage was graded according to Dougados and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) classification. Articular cartilage was classified into less affected (LA; Grade 0-1) and severely affected (SA; Grade 2-3). Cartilage tissue from less and severely affected region was stained with Safranin O staining. Isolated chondrocytes from each group were cultured until passage 4 (P4). Their growth patterns, cell areas, and circularity were compared. LA-cartilage tissue shows uniform spread of safranin O staining indicating intact extracellular matrix (ECM) component. However, SA-cartilage shows significant reduction and unstable staining due to its degraded ECM. LA-chondrocytes showed an aggregated growth compared to SA-chondrocyte that remains monolayer. Moreover, LA-chondrocytes have significantly higher cell area with wider spreading at passage 0 and 4 compared to SA-chondrocytes. It was also found that chondrocyte circularity increased with passage, and circularity of LAchondrocytes was significantly higher than that of the SA-chondrocytes at passage 3. This study demonstrated the considerable difference in the cellular properties for less and severely affected chondrocytes and implication of these differences in cell-based therapy needed to be explored.
The Difference of Learning Model Think-Talk -Write (TTW) and Conventional Learning Model in Improving Students Critical Thinking Skills in Sociology Subject

In the beginning there are some conditions of students at SMAN 10 Bandung in learning activities in sociology subject, in teaching and learning activities is still the teacher centered, the use of learning models are less varied, there are some learners who have low ability in think critically. The researchers conducting this study is to know the difference between learning model Think -Talk -Write with the conventional learning model to improve critical thinking skills of students in class XI at sociology subject. This research used a quasi-experimental, research patterns is using Nonequivalent Control Group Design, the results are processed using the short method. The results showed that there is no the differences in improving the critical thinking skills by using learning model Think, Talk and Written and conventional methods in sociology subject through pretest-post test with 7 degrees of freedom, a significance level 1% and arithmetic t is 3,499, However there is an increase in visits from the processed.
Effect of Various Pretreatments on the Quality of Vacuum-Fried Carrot Chips

Carrot slices were subjected to the following four different pretreatments prior to vacuum frying: (1) blanching, (2) blanching and air drying, (3) blanching and osmotic dehydration, (4) blanching, osmotic dehydration, followed by freezing. The effects of these pretreatments on the physicochemical properties and fat distribution in vacuum-fried carrot chips were also investigated. There were significant differences in the total yield, amounts of carotenes, vitamin C, and the color values of carrot chips following different pretreatments (P < 0.05). Pretreatment significantly affected the water content, fat content, and water activity of carrot chips (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the breaking force of carrot chips treated with different pretreatments (P > 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed a high positive correlation between the fat content of carrot chips and the initial water content of carrot slices. The fat distribution pattern depended on the initial water content and the structure of the material left by water evaporation.
Incomplete Risk Sharing and Monetary Policy in a Small Open Economy

We propose an alternative and simple small open economy model with incomplete international asset markets. This model allows us to analytically dissect the role of market incompleteness in a small open economy model of monetary policy. Our model nests the canonical two-equation closed economy and the complete-markets small open economy as special cases. In constrast to existing models, we show that asset market incompleteness results in the real exchange rate being an explicit, or irreducible, variable in the equilibrium characterization. Moreover, this explicit equilibrium exchange rate channel has an endogenous “cost-push” monetary-policy trade-off interpretation. This provides an alternative means of breaking the “monetary-policy isomorphism” between the small open economy and its closed economy limit. We then show that established lessons on local stability of rational expectations equilibrium under alternative monetary policies are reversed when the economy cannot completely insure country-specific risks. JEL CODES: E52; F41
Less than exponential growth in a two-sector growth model

In the current debate on limitations to growth there exists an attempt to widen the equilibrium concept of exponential growth to a more general and flexible form of temporal evolution of the main economic variables. The standard balanced growth equilibrium requires severe restrictions on technology and preferences; it relies on the “knife-edge assumption” of constant returns to scale to manmade inputs, and it implies a dichotomy between either exponential growth or stagnation. This paper analyzes a more general pattern of growth exclusively characterized by positive growth rates which decrease towards zero as time goes towards infinity. A first approach to this equilibrium showing ceaseless although less than exponential growth is the quasi-arithmetic growth equilibrium. Contrary to this latter we do not predetermine the shape of the growth rate decline towards zero. Further, the existence of this equilibrium notion is studied for a general endogenous growth model. In particular, a two-sector R&D-based endogenous growth model. Production of final output and research activities utilizes labor and capital, and both sectors show technology spillovers. Under the hypothesis of decreasing returns to scale in reproducible factors (capital and technology) when the two sectors are globally considered, exponential growth would require an exogenous growth in population. By contrast, without population growth, numerical analysis shows the existence of less than exponential growth in output and consumption.
Different Percentages of Peripheral Blood γδ+ T Cells in Healthy Individuals from Different Areas of the World

The frequency of γδ+ T cells in the peripheral blood of 26 Turkish, 24 Swedish, 35 Japanese and 14 ‘Asian’ (non‐Japanese) healthy blood donors and healthy volunteers were investigated by flow cytometry. In the Turkish group, 9.3% (median value) of the CD3+ peripheral blood T cells expressed the γδ T cell receptor. A similar level of γδ+ T cells was found in the non‐Japanese ‘Asian’ healthy volunteers (9.2%), while significantly lower values were detected in the Swedish (4.2%) and Japanese (4.5%) groups. These dramatic differences in normally occurring γδ+ T cells in different groups of healthy individuals were further reflected by a low incidence of >10% γδ+ T cells in the Swedish (0/24) and Japanese (6/35) groups compared to the Turkish (12/26) and ‘Asian’ (5/14) groups. The described γδ+ T cell differences between distinct ethnic groups are thus likely to be a consequence of environmental factors, but additional genetic influences cannot be ruled out. The present study demonstrates the potential importance of the ethnic origin and environmental history of subjects examined in studies of γδ+ T cells–disease relations.
A simulationist model of episode representations in working memory: syntactic interpretation, nested episodes and storage requirements

This report supplements Takac and Knott’s (2016b) model of working memory (WM) for episodes and individuals (henceforth ‘the main paper’). In Section 1 we introduce our interpretation of syntactic heads in relation to this WM model in more detail. In Section 2 we present some ideas about how the WM model can be extended to handle nested episodes. In Section 3 we discuss the storage requirements of the model
Molecular marker information from de novo assembled transcriptomes of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties based on next-generation sequencing technology

Next-generation sequencing technique has been known as a useful tool for de novo transcriptome assembly, functional annotation of genes and identification of molecular markers. This study was carried out to mine molecular markers from de novo assembled transcriptomes of four chilli pepper varieties, the highly pungent ‘Saengryeg 211’ and non-pungent ‘Saengryeg 213’ and variably pigmented ‘Mandarin’ and ‘Blackcluster’. Pyrosequencing of the complementary DNA library resulted in 361,671, 274,269, 279,221, and 316,357 raw reads, which were assembled in 23,607, 19,894, 18,340 and 20,357 contigs, for the four varieties, respectively. Detailed sequence variant analysis identified numerous potential single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) for all the varieties for which the primers were designed. The transcriptome information and SNP/SSR markers generated in this study provide valuable resources for high-density molecular genetic mapping in chilli pepper and Quantitative trait loci analysis related to fruit qualities. These markers for pepper will be highly valuable for marker-assisted breeding and other genetic studies.
Ecology of Symbiotes of Larval Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): Distribution, Diversity, and Scale

ABSTRACT Symbioses are major drivers in ecology and evolution. Although nearly omnipresent in flowing waters, they remain poorly studied in these systems. To examine fundamental aspects of the ecology of symbioses in flowing-water systems, we use larval black flies as hosts and various fungi, nematodes, and protists as symbiotes, focusing on aspects of distribution, diversity, and scale. Most symbiotes of larval black flies are considered parasitic, although the dynamic nature of the relationship is becoming apparent for some systems in which it shifts along a continuum involving commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. Perspective also is moving from a pairwise view of symbiotic associations to a multispecies network of interactions. Distributions of symbiotes are related to scale-dependent processes that influence the hosts and the stream habitats of the hosts; thus, characteristics of streams, as well as hosts, can be useful in predicting spatial patterns of symbiotes. As the taxonomy of symbiotes improves, so too does the understanding of ecological relationships of symbiosis, such as host specificity and patterns of diversity along spatial and temporal scales.
Chemical compositions and antimicrobial effects of Oliveria decumbens Vent essential oil

The aim of this research was to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation from aerial parts of the Oliveria decumbens harvested from western Iran. Composition of essential oils was analyzed using Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was tested on three Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria innocua, and Staphylococcus epidermidis), two Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi), and a famous fungi (Candida albicans) by using disk diffusion agar method compared with nalidixic acid and gentamicin as synthetic antibiotics in different concentrations (8-256mg/ml). A total of 16 compounds were identified and showed that thymol (43.61%), carvacrol (42.06%), p-Cymene (7.02%) and-terpinene (3.52%) were the main components of essential oil. The results showed the O. decumbens essential oil had suitable anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. The results showed that essential oil had anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. In addition to, with increasing of essential oil concentration the inhibitory effects were increased. This study demonstrated that high concentration of essential oil had more inhibitory effects compared with nalidixic acid and gentamicin. These results indicate that the O. decumbens essential oil might be used as a natural preservative in food products.
Tailed Frog Tadpoles Differentially Alter Their Feeding Behavior in Response to Non-Visual Cues from Four Predators

Tadpoles of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) are common in riffles within many small, high-gradient streams of the Pacific Northwest (United States and southern Canada), where they typically graze periphyton from exposed cobbles. We conducted field observations and experiments in Clearwater Creek, southwestern Washington, to determine if tadpoles would reduce their feeding activity (i.e., emergence from crevices to graze periphyton) in the presence of non-visual cues released from each of four aquatic predators: giant salamanders (Dicamptodon spp.), cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and shorthead sculpin (Cottus confusus). In absence of predators, tadpoles usually emerged from under cobbles to feed at night (2000-0100 h), and spent the remainder of the 24-h interval hidden in crevices. In the presence of giant salamanders, cutthroat trout, and brook trout that were all confined within separate, in situ enclosures immediately upstream of tadpoles, tadpole activity was reduced two-, three-, and six-fold, respectively, compared with predator-free controls. In contrast, tadpoles appeared unable to detect upstream sculpins. Subsequent consumption experiments in the laboratory showed that salamanders, sculpins, and cutthroat trout all were capable of consuming tadpoles in both structurally simple and complex habitats. We hypothesize that the inability of tadpoles to detect predaceous sculpins may explain why tailed frog tadpoles are largely absent from lower-gradient streams where sculpins are often abundant.
PRODUCTIVITY TRENDS IN RUSSIAN INDUSTRIES: FIRM-LEVEL EVIDENCE

High productivity heterogeneity can be found in Russian economy even in narrowly defined industries. We show that low productivity firms grow faster than high-productivity ones. However as the catching up impulse is concentrated in small group of low-productivity entrants, it does not lead to closing the gap between productivity leaders and others. Instead the gap to the frontier widens, which we confirm with SFA models. One possible explanation of this result is regional heterogeneity of Russian economy.
LIQUIDITY AND SOLVENCY IN A MODEL OF EMERGING MARKET CRISES

We investigate the relationship between short-term capital flows and emerging market banking crises. We argue that the likelihood of a self-fulfilling crisis is not determined by the amount of short-term funds per se (as is sometimes argued), but rather that if short-term capital flows heighten the probability to experiencing a crisis, this is to be viewed as a symptom of underlying unfavorable fundamentals. Raising reserve holdings to mitigate the economy’s vulnerability may only sometimes be a sensible policy advice. Imposing capital inflow controls may sometimes be welfare enhancing. Furthermore, we show how a country can become trapped in a vicious circle where foreign creditors are unwilling to lend long-term because of a high default probability induced by large short term indebtedness. JEL Codes:G01,F32,D82
A retrospected studies on the incidence, type of uterine torsion in surti buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

The incidence of uterine torsion in buffaloes was calculated by retrospective analysis of the records of dystocia in buffaloes presented in 2 years and 6 months i.e. Feb, 2015 to July, 2017. Out of the 78 total cases of dystocia in buffaloes 66 (84.62%) were of maternal and 12 (15.38%) were of fetal origin. Uterine torsion was a major cause (70.51%) of the total dystocia cases in buffaloes. Torsion affected buffaloes were grouped under three categories viz. 3-6 years: 19/55 (34.54%), 6-9 years: 22/55 (40.00%) and 9-12 years: 14/55 (25.45%). The age of the animals had no affect on incidence of uterine torsion. In the present study, 96.36% (53/55) buffaloes suffered from right side uterine torsion. Post cervical location of uterine torsion was observed in 96.36% (53/55) cases whereas only 3.63% (2/55) cases of precervical location of uterine torsion were reported. Only one case was reported pre-cervical with left sided torsion. In the current study, 27 of the 55 buffaloes (49.09%) had suffered from 90° to 180° torsion. Similarly the same numbers of animals viz. 27 out of the 55 buffaloes (49.09%) were reported with torsion of 180° to 360° and only a single case (1.81%) was affected with a highest degree of viz. 360° of uterine torsion.
Qualidade da carne de marreco pequim branco (Anas Platyrhynchos platyrhynchos L. 1758) comparado a frango de corte

O total de 20 carcacas resfriadas (10 Marrecos Pequim Branco e 10 de frangos de corte) foi submetido as analises de composicao centesimal, colesterol, cor (sistema CIE L*a*b*), perda de peso por cozimento (PPC) e forca de cisalhamento (FC). A carne de marreco apresenta (P<0,05) menos umidade (71,77 e 74,53 %), do que a carne de frango (74,73 e 76,07 %). Quando comparados os cortes, o peito mostrou (P<0,05) medias mais elevadas de umidade e proteina, do que no corte perna. A carne de marreco mostra (P<0,05) luminosidade mais baixa (37,59 e 35,75) e maior teor de vermelho (18,48 a 20,67), do que a luminosidade (40,98 e 45,18) e o teor de vermelho (10,02 e 5,52) observado em frangos. A FC foi (P<0,05) mais elevada (4,90 kgf) em peito de marrecos, do que em peito de frango (2,63 kgf). A carne de Marreco Pequim Branco e mais escura e com vermelho mais intenso do que carne de frango de corte. Embora menos macia do que a carne de frango, a carne de marreco e considerada macia.
Incidence of reexploration in cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass at Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem

Background: Cardiac Surgery being the most modern and conceptualized surgery which involves cardiopulmonary bypass Clotting Mechanism, Temperature Control, Hemodilution, and Cardioplegic arrest, etc. The failure of any of these mechanisms ends up in a cascading effect of morbidity and mortality of the patients. The aim of the study: The present study was primarily undertaken to study the incidence off Reexploration in Cardiac Surgery among patients subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass, thereby identifying the factors contributing to Reexploration and adopting suitable measures to reduce the incidence of Reexploration. Materials and methods: Totally 25 patients who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem. Patients who had a problem of bleeding underwent Reexploration. Patients included in the study belonged to both sexes and age groups varying from 11 to 68 years. The patients were subjected to routine investigations. Results: It was as high as 25% among the patient belonging to three different age groups (20-30), (40-50) and (50-60). The incidence of Reexploration was 58.3% (14/24) among patients who were CPB time exceeded 120 minutes. The overall incidence of Reexploration following open heart surgery was 1.38% (7/25). Among the patients to underwent Reexploration. Patients who underwent open Heart Surgery accounted for 29.16% (7/25) of patients. The incidence of Mortality in this group Pon. A. Rajarajan. Incidence of reexploration in cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass at Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem. IAIM, 2019; 6(4): 20-25. Page 21 was 28.57% (2/7) of patients. Among the 7 patients who had Reexploration 71.4% (5/7 of patients had an uneventful course after Reexploration). 7 Patients who had valve replacement surgery accounted for among the total of 25 patients who had an undergone Reexploration accounting for 29.1% of all cases of Reexploration. 71.4% (5/7) who had undergone Mitral Valve replacement patients accounted for 71.4% (5/7) of Reexploration. Aortic valve replacement patients accounted for 14.2% (1/7). Double Valve replacement patients accounted for 14.2% (1/7). Overall Mortality following Reexploration in this group was 71.42% (5/7). 7 Patients who had a Reexploration after Valve replacement Surgery 28.5% (2/7) of the patients were undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement for Restenosis. One patient who was Reexplored for Post-operative bleeding had a Left Ventricle Free Wall rupture following Mitral Valve Replacement. Conclusion: Attention towards meticulous hemostasis prior to closure is Mandatory. A sound surgical technique will reduce the incidence of bleeding from sites of Cannulation and Anastomosis. Adoption OFF PUMP CABG has shown to reduce the incidence of postoperative bleeding and Morbidity when compare to ON PUMPCABG.
RINGS WITH ZERO RIGHT AND LEFT

The work of this paper was done independently of and at the same time as that of Utumi published in [1] and [2]. Although our results overlap those of Utumi, our approach to the problem at hand is quite different. Thus, it might be worthwhile to record another approach to the determination of the structure of a ring of the type stated in the title. Our principle result is that a ring R is finite-dimensional, stable and irreducible iff it contains a subring of all matrices of the form
Chemical composition and biological activity of the brackish-water green alga Cladophora rivularis (L.) Hoek

Abstract The chemical composition of the brackish-water green alga Cladophora rivularis was investigated. Seven sterols were identified and the stereochemistry of the most common forms was established. Thirty-eight and 21 compounds were identified in the volatile and polar fractions, respectively. The main lipid classes were isolated and their fatty acid compositions established. The antibacterial, antimycotic and cytotoxic activities of the extracts were investigated. Comparisons were made with previously investigated marine and freshwater Cladophora species. Results obtained give information on the effect of salinity on algal metabolism.
Aβ deposition is associated with increases in soluble and phosphorylated tau that precede a positive Tau PET in Alzheimer’s disease

Aβ pathology may induce changes in soluble tau release and phosphorylation, which is later followed by tau aggregation. The links between β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau in Alzheimer’s disease are unclear. Cognitively unimpaired persons with signs of Aβ pathology had increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (P-tau181 and P-tau217) and total-tau (T-tau), which increased over time, despite no detection of insoluble tau aggregates [normal Tau positron emission tomography (PET)]. CSF P-tau and T-tau started to increase before the threshold for Amyloid PET positivity, while Tau PET started to increase after Amyloid PET positivity. Effects of Amyloid PET on Tau PET were mediated by CSF P-tau, and high CSF P-tau predicted increased Tau PET rates. Individuals with MAPT mutations and signs of tau deposition (but without Aβ pathology) had normal CSF P-tau levels. In 5xFAD mice, CSF tau increased when Aβ aggregation started. These results show that Aβ pathology may induce changes in soluble tau release and phosphorylation, which is followed by tau aggregation several years later in humans.