Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Nature of Firm Growth

About one-half of all startups fail within five years, and those that survive grow at vastly different speeds. Using Census microdata, we estimate that most of these differences are determined by ex ante heterogeneity rather than persistent ex post shocks. Embedding such heterogeneity in a firm dynamics model shows that the presence of ex ante heterogeneity (i) is a key determinant of the firm size distribution and firm dynamics, (ii) can strongly affect the macroeconomic effects of firm-level frictions, and (iii) helps understand the recently documented decline in business dynamism by showing a disappearance of high-growth startups (“gazelles”) since the mid-1980s. (JEL D22, D24, E24, J23, L11, M13)
Malaria Prevalence and Indoor-Biting Mosquito Vector Abundance in Ogbunike, Oyi Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria

This paper studies malaria prevalence and the abundance of indoor-biting mosquito vectors in Ogbunike community, Oyi Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria between May and September 2010. Blood samples were collected from 208 healthy participants (94 males and 114 females) selected from the six villages of the town. Thick and thin blood films were made, stained with Field’s stains A and B and examined microscopically. Indoor-biting mosquito vectors were collected using Pyrethrum Knockdown Collection method (PKC). Of the 208 participants, 121 (58.2%) were malaria positives. Considering the intensity of malaria among the participants, 86 (71.1%) had mild infection (+), 32 (26.4%) had moderate infection (++) and 3 (2.5%) had heavy infection (+++). Only Plasmodium falciparum was seen. Osile village had the highest prevalence (64.5%) while Umueri had the least prevalence (51.7%). Malaria prevalence among different villages of the community was statistically significant (8.88, df = 5; p 0.05). The age group 61 has the highest malaria prevalence (64.7%), followed by age group of 0-10 (63.2%) while 41-50 had the least (42.9%). The malaria prevalence in relation to age was significant (5.56, df=5; p 0.05). Females 73(35.1%) were affected more than the males 48(23.1%) though there was no significant difference (p>0.05). 110 Anopheles gambiae was collected from the six villages of the community with Osile having the highest indoor-biting Anopheles mosquito 24 (21.8%) while Ifite had the least collection 13 (11.8%). There was a positive strong relationship between malaria prevalence and Anopheles abundance in the villages in Ogbunike (r=0.1221684; p Key words : Malaria, Prevalence, Vector abundance, Rainforest, Rural, Community. Introduction
Secondary Plant Metabolites of Natural Product Origin—Strongylodon macrobotrys as Pitting Corrosion Inhibitors of Steel around Heavy Salt Deposits in Gabu, Nigeria

Investigation into the Inhibition of pitting corrosion in mild steel around heavy salt deposits by some selected secondary plant metabolites—alkaloid extract (AESML), saponin extract (SESML and flavonoid extract (FESML) of natural product origin—Strongylodon macrobotrys was successfully completed with the aid of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, gravimetric and gasometric experimentation. The research proved that the selected secondary plant metabolites were excellent inhibitors of mild steel in the salt water environment as inhibition efficiency was recorded at 99.2%, 92.6% and 84.7% for AESML, SESML and FESML. The inhibitors showed higher inhibition at lower temperature due to frequent scale redeposition from agitation in temperature rise and loss in collision of the molecules. The potentiodynamic polarization result confirmed the reduction in the loss of electrons at the anode by the inhibitors that would have trigger oxidation reaction that causes the anode to corrode. Charge transfer resistance reflected the maximum inhibition efficiency obtained for mild steel at maximum concentration and the decrease in double layer capacitance is due to the decrease of the area where electrolyte is present due to the formation of inhibitor film. Thermodynamic investigation shows that the inhibitor has the potential of increasing the energy of the intermediate, reducing both the number of collisions, and number of particles that have enough energy to react and also number of corrosion reaction particles with the correct orientation. The adsorption isotherm consideration shows physical adsorption mechanism with binding constant increasing with increasing temperature.
Characterization of the interaction between the baculovirus ssDNA-binding protein ( LEF-3 ) and putative helicase ( P 143 )

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Tue, 26 Mar 2019 08:54:18 Journal of General Virology (1999), 80, 493–500. Printed in Great Britain .
Dexmedetomidine versus Ketamine for the Prevention of Emergence Agitation in Pediatric: A Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: This study compares the effect of dexmedetomidine versus Ketamine for the prevention of emergence agitation in children undergoing general anaesthesia. Method: 75 Children are randomly allocated into three groups. Group C: Were assigned to receive normal saline. Group K: Were assigned to receive Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg. Group D: assigned to receive 0.25 ug /kg of dexmedetomidine, before the end of surgery. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in demographic data and intraoperative parameters between the three groups. But as regards to time to discharge, there was a significant difference between group C, group K and group D (group C = 39.96 ± 2.84, group K = 37.28 ± 3.80, group D = 35.08 ± 3.36 and P value = 0.0002). FLACC scale was low after extubation, before leaving the operating room and on arrival to PACU (small FLACC scale in group K, D than group C). PAED scoreless in Group K and Group D than Group C (postoperative, at 10 minutes, 20 min, 30 min). Conclusion: Ketamine and dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence and severity of emergence delirium effectively when compared to normal saline, and the effects of dexmedetomidine being much superior to Ketamine.
2 2 D ec 2 01 5 Loop quantization of the Schwarzschild interior revisited

Alejandro Corichi 2, ∗ and Parampreet Singh † Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM-Campus Morelia, A. Postal 61-3, Morelia, Michoacán 58090, Mexico Center for Fundamental Theory, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
First record of Pseudaeginella arraialensis (Amphipoda: Caprellidea) from the Gulf of Mexico

During a sampling campaign in Puerto Progreso, Yucatan, Mexico, several specimens of the caprellid Pseudaeginella arraialensis were collected. They were attached to buoys as part of fouling communities between 0.5-12 m depth. The present study represents the first record of P. arraialensis for the Gulf of Mexico, increasing its geographical distribution range 7,500 km northwards, from Arraial do Cabo, Brazil to Puerto Progreso, Mexico, SW Gulf of Mexico.
Factors that potentially influence successful weight loss for adults with intellectual disabilities: A qualitative comparison

Background: People with intellectual disabilities are more at risk of obesity than the general population. Emerging literature indicates that multicomponent interventions are most effective, however, individual results are variable and little research exists as to why this is the case. Methods: Focus groups were conducted to explore lived experiences between two groups of adults with intellectual disabilities; an overweight group (n = 6) and a group identified as successful in losing weight (n = 6). Similarities and differences were explored across four domains. Transcripts were produced and analysed using Theoretical Thematic Analysis. Results: Similarities included service centre supports, basic food knowledge and issues restricting independence. The successful weight loss group had also internalised health messages, engaged with external reinforcement programmes, responded to positive feedback and demonstrated healthier dietary habits. Conclusion: Weight management interventions would benefit from understanding the influence that internalisation of health messages, effective reinforcement systems and positive feedback can have on supporting the adoption of healthier habits.
Efficient word alignment with Markov Chain Monte

We present efmaral, a new system for efficient and accurate word alignment using a Bayesian model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inference. Through careful selection of data structures and model architecture we are able to surpass the fast_align system, commonly used for performance-critical word alignment, both in computational efficiency and alignment accuracy. Our evaluation shows that a phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) system produces translations of higher quality when using word alignments from efmaral than from fast_align, and that translation quality is on par with what is obtained using giza++, a tool requiring orders of magnitude more processing time. More generally we hope to convince the reader that Monte Carlo sampling, rather than being viewed as a slow method of last resort, should actually be the method of choice for the SMT practitioner and others interested in word alignment.
SCREENING OF RICE VARIETIES AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF BOTANICALS AGAINST FALSE SMUT PATHOGEN , USTILAGINOIDEA

editor@tjprc.org SCREENING OF RICE VARIETIES AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF BOTANICALS AGAINST FALSE SMUT PATHOGEN, USTILAGINOIDEA VIRENS RAJI, P, SUMIYA, K. V , DHANYA, S, REMYA, K 3 & NARAYANANKUTTY, M. C 4 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi, Kerala, India Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pattambi, Kerala, India Project Fellow, Regional Agricultural Research Stati on, Pattambi, Kerala, India Professor, Department of Horticulture, Associate Di rector of Research, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi, Kerala, India ABSTRACT
Study of adolescent stress in relation to grade gender and perceived school and home environments

BRIEF REVIEW OF LITERATURE Adolescence is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood. Typically, we view adolescence beginning at puberty and ending at 18 or 21 years. There are several theories of adolescence; some of them are: Hall (1916) – period of storm and stress; Freud (1948) – psychosexual development; Bandura (1964) human development is a continuous process not divided into stages; and, Kohlberg (1963) – cognitive development precedes moral development.
Susceptibility and / or Responsiveness of Tulip Stem Segments Excised from Cooled or Uncooled Bulbs to Indole-3-Acetic Acid

The growth of stem segments excised from cooled and uncooled tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L. ‘Apeldoorn’) bulbs stored for three months after flower bud formation at 5°C and 17°C, respectively, was enhanced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 0.1% (w/w) in the light and in dark conditions, when it was applied to the place where flower buds were removed. On October 27, the enhanced growth of excised stem segments induced by IAA was very reduced under natural light conditions. On the other hand, the susceptibility and/or responsiveness of tulip stem segments excised from cooled or uncooled bulbs to exogenously applied IAA increased as the age or maturation of tulip bulbs increased until January 15 of the following year. The ability of tulip stem segments to elongate did not depend on low temperature and light conditions. A possible explanation for IAA-induced growth of tulip stem segments is discussed from the aspect of the solutes in the cell sap and on the balance of endogenous plant hormones in the bulbs. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Evidence that protein kinase C (cid:1) is not required for palmitate-induced cytotoxicity in BRIN-BD11 (cid:2) -cells

Chronic exposure of pancreatic (cid:1) -cells to saturated fatty acids leads to loss of viability, an effect that has been implicated in the process of (cid:1) -cell ‘lipotoxicity’ associated with the progression of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms involved are unknown but recent evidence has implicated the (cid:2) isoform of protein kinase C (PKC (cid:2) ) in mediating fatty acid toxicity. We have investigated this proposition in the clonal insulin-secreting cell line, BRIN-BD11. BRIN-BD11 cells were found to undergo apoptosis when exposed to palmitate and this response was attenuated by the purportedly selective inhibitor of PKC (cid:2) , rottlerin. However, activation of PKC (cid:2) with the phorbol ester, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), failed to promote cell death and down-regulation of PKC (cid:2) did not prevent the cytotoxic effects of palmitate. Moreover, rottlerin remained effective as a blocker of the palmitate response in cells depleted of PKC (cid:2) . Since rottlerin can inhibit various other kinases in addition to PKC (cid:2) , a range of additional kinase inhibitors was also tested. Of these, only the putative Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) inhibitor, KN-62, was found to inhibit palmitate-induced cell death. However, this effect was not reproduced by a more selective pseudo-substrate inhibitor of CaM kinase II. Therefore, the present results reveal that palmitate induces cell death in BRIN-BD11 cells and suggest that this may involve the activation of a rottlerin (and KN-62)-sensitive kinase. However, it is clear that PKC (cid:2) is not required for this response.
The Application of Metacognitive Note-taking Skills in Reading Lessons to EFL College Students

Metacognition has been considered as a key element for successful self-regulated learning. However, it seemed foreign to EFL college students. The present study examined students’ changes in metacognitive strategy use in the two conditions: one condition with the intervention of metacognitive note-taking skills (MNT) and one with the conventional teaching approach. Fifty-four students were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=27) and a control group (n=27). Each group separately took part in a seven-session instruction outside school time, and then took a pretest and a posttest measuring their awareness level of reading strategy use. Nineteen out of the experimental participants individually attended semi-structured interviews, exploring their perceptions of the effect of MNT use while reading. The tests’ results demonstrated that there were significant differences in their recognition of reading strategy use in both conditions. The qualitative findings reported on positive perceptions of the MNT application during reading sessions. Also, the participants showed some difficulties in the application of MNT. This study potentially provides an effective and innovative educational tool to enhance students’ academic learning and their lifelong learning as well.
The Rise and Fall of a ‘Europe of the Regions’

This article explores the diverse ways in which parties operating in regional contexts have responded to, interpreted, and used the imagery of a ‘Europe of the Regions’ to advance their territorial demands. It is demonstrated that parties have not had consistent positions on Europe, rather, they have exhibited a cyclical quality, moving back and forth in response to perceived opportunities for regional action in Europe. Whilst many parties were cautious of Europe in the late 1970s, by the early 1990s there was a convergence of regional party support for a ‘Europe of the Regions’. This goal was advocated by minority nationalist and state-wide parties alike, causing the former to moderate their claims and the latter to strengthen their territorial demands. However, growing frustration with the apparent neglect of regional interests in the European project caused parties to revert back to earlier or more Euro-sceptical positions in the late 1990s, heralding the decline and fall of a Europe of the Regions.
Kinetic Cascade in Solar-wind Turbulence: 3D3V Hybrid-kinetic Simulations with Electron Inertia

Understanding the nature of the turbulent fluctuations below the ion gyroradius in solar-wind (SW) turbulence is a great challenge. Recent studies have been mostly in favor of kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW)-type fluctuations, but other kinds of fluctuations with characteristics typical of magnetosonic, whistler, and ion-Bernstein modes could also play a role depending on the plasma parameters. Here, we investigate the properties of the subproton-scale cascade with high-resolution hybrid-kinetic simulations of freely decaying turbulence in 3D3V phase space, including electron inertia effects. Two proton plasma beta are explored: the “intermediate” βp = 1 and “low” βp = 0.2 regimes, both typically observed in the SW and corona. The magnetic energy spectum exhibits and power laws at βp = 1, while they are slightly steeper at βp = 0.2. Nevertheless, both regimes develop a spectral anisotropy consistent with at and pronounced small-scale intermittency. In this context, we find that the kinetic-scale cascade is dominated by KAW-like fluctuations at βp = 1, whereas the low-β case presents a more complex scenario suggesting the simultaneous presence of different types of fluctuations. In both regimes, however, a possible role of the ion-Bernstein-type fluctuations at the smallest scales cannot be excluded.
EFL LEARNERS' DIFFICULTIES IN THE STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION SECTION OF TOEFL TEST IN AN INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY

This study examined the English for Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ difficult topics in the structure and written expression section of the TOEFL Prediction Test, and reasons why they consider that these topics were difficult. A mixed-method research design was used in this study. Fifteen participants were selected through a purposive sampling mechanism from the seventh-semester students of the Department of English Language Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry who have participated in the TOEFL Prediction Test to identify the difficult topics they encountered. Then, the semi-structured interviews were conducted with six underachieving student’s participants with the most recorded errors made in the test to know the reasons behind their difficulties. Findings indicated that students encountered difficulties mostly when dealing with determiners, conjunctions, adjective clauses, apposition phrases, and reduced clauses in the structure section. Meanwhile, adverb connectors, subject-verb agreement, and clause of concession, relative clause, and quantifier are the difficulties they encountered in the written expression section of the test. Thus, the findings also revealed several factors identified as the reasons behind those difficulties, namely lack of practice, grammar incompetence, vocabulary shortage, time management, and low self-confidence. Given the significant impact of this study, we suggested that the lectures and English departments should address these difficulties. It is crucial that the focus of the courses related to grammar and EFL proficiency tests be incorporated into the syllabus.
Stem rust ( ug 99 ) , seen as a threat globally

Received 31 December 2010 Received in revised form 17 November 2011 Accepted 24 November 2011 Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Eriks & Henn.) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat. If favorable conditions for the pathogen appear, the pathogen may cause both epidemics and pandemics. Evolution of genes of the pathogen population gives rise to emerge of new races of the pathogen. The Ug99 is a good example. In 1998, severe stem rust infections were observed on wheat in Uganda, and a race, designated as Ug99, was detected. The same race was detected in Kenya and Ethiopia in 2005. Later, Ug99 was established in Yemen in 2006, in Iran in 2007, in Tanzania and South Africa in 2009. The new race of stem rust has been seen globally as a threat to wheat production because Ug99 has spreaded from Eastern Africa to Middle East and Asia. In addition, scientists predict spreading of the pathogen towards other areas of the world through prevailed air currents. The situation is worrying for areas where wheat is grown.
Performance of broiler chickens supplemented with Mexican oregano oil (Lippia berlandieri Schauer)

The objective of this research was to evaluate the inclusion of two qualities of Mexican oregano oil (MOO) in broiler diets on broiler weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, average daily gain, and water intake. The qualities were MOO1 (4% thymol, 60% carvacrol) and MOO2 (40% thymol, 20% carvacrol). Nine treatments were prepared by the combinations of MOO1 + MOO2 (0, 400, and 800 mg kg−1; added per kg of feed) respectively: 0+0, 0+400, 0+800, 400+0, 400+400, 400+800, 800+0, 800+400, and 800+800. Eighteen chicks per treatment were divided in a completely randomized design into nine cages. Broiler weights were altered by the treatments at 21 d, when 400+400 had the highest weight, and on day 39, when the greatest weight was seen in broilers on treatments 800+0 and 800+400. Feed intake was affected by treatment on day 39, with broilers on 800+0 exhibiting the highest values. Water intake was influenced by the treatments on days 14, 21, 35, and 39, when 0+0 represented the lowest. Feed efficiency was altered by the treatments on days 14, 28, 35, and 39, whereas average daily gain was affected from days 14 to 39. Supplementation of Mexican oregano oil has beneficial effects on broiler weight, feed efficiency, average daily gain, and feed and water intakes. Combinations of thymol and carvacrol levels have varying effects on these parameters. The higher relative body weights of groups 400+0, 800+0, and 800+400 suggest positive market value effects of these combinations of Mexican oregano oil.
Regional P-Coda for Stable Estimates of Body Wave Magnitude: Extending the M(s):m(b) Discriminant to Smaller Events

Abstract : The most successful teleseismic discriminant is Ms:mb, and many studies are underway to try to extend surface wave magnitude (Ms) estimation to regional distances. A problem that is encountered at regional distances and small magnitudes is how to estimate mb so that the Ms:mb discriminant is meaningful and consistent with teleseismic measures. Over the past several years, a regional S-coda wave methodology has been developed that provides for the lowest variance estimate of the seismic source spectrum. Thus, regional MW and mb estimates derived from Sn and Lg coda are very stable, even when only a single station is used. However, these mb's are inherently biased for earthquakes because they are an S-based measurement, and explosions are relatively depleted in S-waves. Previous research projects have used region-specific mb scales based on direct measurements of Pn and Pg to improve the Ms:mb discrimination, even though the mb estimates often had a large variance. In our preliminary research, we have found that P-coda envelopes for both explosions and earthquakes can be obtained for events from both the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and Novaya Zemlya (NZ) regions without bias. Our next step at NTS will be to derive path corrections, similar to the approach of Mayeda et al. (2003) for Lg-coda. We will compare inter-station scatter of distance-corrected amplitudes as a function of window length. This will provide an empirical measure of error based on window length for each frequency band. For each frequency band, we will regress our coda envelope amplitudes against regional and teleseismic estimates of mb (e.g., mb(Pn), mb(P)) to determine which band provides the lowest variance. This will yield slope and intercept values for each frequency band. We will then derive mb(Pn) and mb(P) (following Denny et al., 1989) to compare against mb(P-coda) to assess performance at the network and single-station level.