Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I-Gel as an intubation conduit: Comparison of three different types of endotracheal tubes

Background and Aims: I-Gel®, a novel SAD has been introduced as a ventilating device but has widely gained popularity as conduit for intubation. Unlike intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA), I-Gel® does not have an endotracheal tube specially designed for it. Hence the aim of this study was to compare the rate of successful intubation via I-Gel®using three different types of endotracheal tubes. Methods: We randomised 75 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II patients, between the age group 18-60 years of either sex undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia into three groups on the basis of endotracheal tube (ETT), used for intubation via I-Gel®: Group P (Polyvinyl chloride ETT), Group I (Intubating laryngeal mask airway ETT), Group F (flexometallic ETT). After following the standard induction protocol, appropriate size I Gel®was inserted in all patients. Thereafter group specific ETT was inserted via I-Gel®. We recorded and compared the time taken for successful intubation, the success rate, number of attempts taken, manoeuvres used, and complications among three different types of ETT. Quantitative variables were compared using Kruskal Wallis test and the qualitative variables were compared using Chi-square test. Results: The time taken for successful intubation was least in group P (10.51 ± 3.82 seconds). Group P also had the highest first attempt (68%) and overall rate of successful intubation (88%). Conclusion: PVC ETT had highest first attempt success rate and required minimum time for endotracheal intubation via I-Gel®when compared to ILMA ETT and Flexible ETT.
The physiological response and recovery of a common elasmobranch bycatch species: the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) subject to a controlled exposure event

Abstract:ABSTRACTThe Common Fisheries Policy proposes the landing of all catch to encourage discard reduction, but may allow exemptions for species for which ‘scientific evidence demonstrates high survival rates’. This shows the importance of bycatch stress studies into capture method and treatment post-landing. The physiological responses of a non-commercially exploited elasmobranch, Scyliorhinus canicula, subject to a component of the fishing process, i.e. emersion, were examined by analysing a suite of biomarkers. Dogfish were exposed for 15 minutes and 40 minutes followed by recovery periods, and metabolites were then compared to baseline levels. Glucose, lactate, ammonia, adrenaline, white muscle lactate and white muscle pH were the chosen measured biomarkers. Groups exposed for 40 minutes compared to 15 minutes had higher levels of metabolites. Plasma glucose and lactate levels in groups exposed for 15 minutes and 40 minutes had not returned to baseline levels at 4- and 8-hour recovery points. All endpoints except plasma glucose and lactate returned to baseline levels (T0) at eight hours' recovery. Our results indicate that this species can recover after an emersion event, as signified in the revival of metabolites. Lower responses and quicker recovery of metabolites due to shorter exposure indicate that a protocol minimising deck-time exposure may increase survival. Primary and secondary indicators analysed in conjunction with each other result in a more complete profile. Baseline data recorded provide reference data for future stress studies or for comparing postlanding protocols involving threatened elasmobranchs in Irish waters.
Public Private Partnerships for Research and Development: Medicines and Vaccines for Diseases of Poverty

Improving the health and life expectancy of the populations of the less developed countries of the world requires both better access to medicines and research and development (RD ● the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI); ● the Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI); and ● the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (GATB). All four focus on the top three infectious disease killers in the developing world - malaria, TB, and HIV/AIDS.
Searching Behavior and Growth Rates of Anthocoris nemoralis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a Predator of the Pear Psylla, Psylla pyricola

The behavior and growth rates of Anthocoris nemoralis were investigated using pear psylla, Psylla pyricola , as prey. Stadia durations and prey consumption of instars and adults at 3 prey densities were determined. The minimum number of prey per day required for completion of development to the adult stage was found to be between 5 and 10 eggs or small nymphs. Reproductive capacity and longevity were determined for females reared and maintained at 2 prey densities. Searching patterns of A. nemoralis correlated well with the distribution of pear psylla on pear leaves. The predator searched mainly along the midrib and leaf periphery. When prey was located a thorough search of the area was made.
On the abundance of hoverflies (Syrphidae)

Hoverfly populations are more stable than those of published analyses of other invertebrate groups. The data show clearly the importance of removing the dependence of the variance on the mean before analysis. The abundance and stability of different larval feeding types (predators, phytophages, saprophages), and of generalists and specialists are discussed. The abundance and stability of the feeding types are not different. Specialization of habitat leads to lower abundance, but has no detectable consequences upon stability. Among predators, extreme specialists are least abundant and generalists are most abundant: both have less stable populations than moderate specialists. There are strong correlations between abundance and distribution, and between local and regional distributions. Abundance is not affected by body size, but larger species tend to have more stable populations.
Having to science the hell out of it

A first-person account of the scientific career of the fishery scientist Daniel Pauly is given, starting with his studies in Germany and his work on a coastal lagoon inGhana in 1971, throughhis trawl fisheries surveys in Indonesia (1975–1976), hiswork at the InternationalCentre for LivingAquatic Resources Management in the Philippines (1979–mid-1990s), and his transition to the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver, Canada. Emphasis is given to the widely used major products of his and his collaborators’ work (ELEFAN, Ecopath and FishBase) and to the Sea Around Us, a 15-year research activity that he led, which culminated in a reconstruction of global marine fisheries catches from 1950 to 2010, and which discovered a strong decline in catches since the mid-1990s.
Theory for Coexistence of Species Differing in Regeneration Properties

In many organisms the life cycle is characterized by a regular shift between two distinctly different lifeforms, one spatially fixed phase and one dispersal phase. Interspecific differentiation with regard to the dispersal phase may then enable a species to survive in a community of otherwise superior competitors. This paper analyses how much differentiation is required with respect to (1) temporal average, (2) temporal variance, (3) phenology of diaspore production, and (4) longevity of the fixed phase, in order for two species to co-exist when one of them always outcompetes the other in the fixed phase. It is shown that differentiation solely in (1), (2) or (3) can suffice, whereas differentiation in (4) cannot. The existence of temporal fluctuations in the environment permits the adoption of qualitatively new strategies, not available in a constant environment. In particular, increasing the magnitude of the environmental fluctuations allows competing species to become more similar. Also, it is shown that differences in flowering or fruiting periods between coexisting plant species need not be the result of competition for pollinators or seed dispersal agents as has been suggested. The formalism is compared with that used by previous workers; it is concluded that much of existing competition theory, based on the assumption of global interaction, is less well suited for the understanding of mechanisms behind maintained species richness in many kinds of communities.
The impact of mechanical log surface damage on chip size uniformity during debranching and debarking Eucalyptus pulpwood logs using a single-grip harvester

Mechanised harvesting operations are becoming more prevalent in South Africa with the realisation that motormanual and manual harvesting operations pose significant health and safety risks to workers. The damage inflicted by single-grip harvester feed rollers and delimbing knives on log surfaces during debranching and debarking eucalypts, may affect eventual chip quality. Chip quality influences pulp quality and recovery in the kraft pulping process. This study investigates the influence of two mechanised debranching and debarking treatments on Eucalyptus pulp logs (threeand five-feed roller passes along the stem surface) by feed rollers and delimbing knives on chip uniformity, size and purity. The two mechanised treatments to three log classes (base, middle and top logs) were compared with chips produced from manually debarked logs. Manually debarked logs produced significantly less undesirable-sized chips than both three and five-pass processed logs. The volume of undesirablesized chips produced during chipping also increased with decreasing log size. Manually debarked logs produced chips with significantly less bark than three-pass-processed logs (0.008% vs 0.062%), and five-pass-processed logs produced chips with significantly less bark than three-pass-processed logs (0.018% vs 0.062%). Middle logs also produced chips with significantly less bark than base logs (0.016% vs 0.056%), and top logs produced chips with significantly less bark than base logs (0.017% vs 0.056%). In all cases the bark content on logs was considerably less than the maximum of 1.0% generally specified by kraft pulp mills.
Parrot Eggs, Embryos, and Nestlings: Patterns and Energetics of Growth and Development

The Psittaciformes constitute a distinct and homogeneous order, members of which lay multiple egg clutches of relatively small eggs that have prolonged incubation periods. The chicks are altricial but nevertheless grow comparatively slowly. The contents of parrot eggs contain more solids (19.4%) than is typical for altricial or semialtricial species. The rate of embryonic oxygen consumption increases throughout incubation. The relative rate of increase in V̇o2 (percent per day) and the relative growth rate of the embryo decrease throughout incubation. The relative growth rate continues to decrease after hatching. In the six parrot species I studied, total embryonic energy metabolism is greater than predicted for altricial species owing to the prolonged incubation periods. Pre-pipping and hatching levels of oxygen consumption are lower than in the same size eggs of precocial species. In Agapornis roseicollis, mass-specific metabolism decreases through the first 15 days of incubation, then is relatively constant until immediately prior to hatching, increases sharply for about 4 days after hatching, becomes relatively constant for about 6 days, and then begins decreasing. This pattern reflects (1) changing maintenance costs due to increasing size and changes in maturational state and (2) changing growth costs which reflect the decreasing relative growth rate throughout the incubation and nestling periods.
Interactions Between Nesting Crocodiles and Iguanas

Green iguanas (Iguana iguana) and American crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) nest in association on Slothia, a small island in Gatun Lake, Panama. In the three nesting seasons that we observed on Slothia a crocodile remained near her nest and frequently charged the nesting iguanas. Observations indicated that the crocodile emerged from the lake significantly more often when iguanas were present in the nest clearing. We observed the crocodile seize an iguana on 12 occasions; five iguanas were eaten, five escaped, and the fate of two was unknown. In addition to the charges and captures, the crocodile's mere presence in the nest clearing interfered with iguana nesting activity. Conversely, the iguanas disturbed the crocodile nest and were observed to dig up crocodile eggs. The crocodile's behavior involved both nest defense and predatory behavior, although the exact motivational sequence is still unclear.
Didymochlaenaceae: A new fern family of eupolypods I (Polypodiales)

The pantropical monospecific fern genus Didymochlaena had long been placed in the family Dryopteridaceae before the advent of molecular phylogenetics. Recent molecular studies confirmed that it is a member of eupolypods I, but its familial placement has been controversial. It has been resolved using molecular data either as a member of Hypodematiaceae or as sister to the rest of eupolypods I. I n the present study we performed phylogenetic analyses (MP, ML, BI) based on DNA data from five plastid loci ( atpA , rbcL , rps4-trnS , trnL , trnL-F ) of 88 accessions representing 79 species in 20 genera of all 9 families cur rently recognized in eupolypods I as ingroup and 5 species from 3 families of eupolypods II as outgroups. Our analyses resolved Didymochlaena as sister to the rest of eupolypods I with strong support. The results of an analysis of nuclear 18S data available from GenBank did not contradict those based on plastid data. This resolution is consistent with its sorus/indusium shape and a previous phylogenetic analysis based on both plastid and nuclear loci. Sorus shape, spore characters, and chromosome number previously used to place the genus in Dryopteridaceae are in fact not synapomorphies of the family. Our study clearly showed that the family Didymochlaenaceae should be recognized and we hereby validate this name previously proposed by Ching.
The Struggle to Recruit Good Teachers in Indonesia: Institutional and Social Dysfunctions

Why is it so hard for Indonesia to recruit good teachers? We argue that the struggle to recruit good teachers are due to institutional, political economy, and social dynamics of the recruitment process. We will discuss three factors that underpin this issue. First, Indonesia’s dysfunctional teacher recruitment process as a byproduct of the country’s inchoate political and legal institutions. Second, the political economy “environment” of the teaching profession that prioritises stakeholder interests over education goals. Third, social expectations prioritising seniority rather than merit as indicators of teacher performance. We conclude with some directions for future steps to address said issues.
Behavioral and learning problems in schoolchildren related to cognitive test data

The interface between disorders of learning and development and disorders of behavior presents challenges for researchers and clinicians alike. In the Elk et al. paper, a large group of children were screened for learning and/or behavioral problems. A relatively large number of children screened positive and their IQ scores were analyzed using a cluster analytic approach. Various patterns were identified including lower and higher functioning children. In our commentary, we point out the challenges for diagnosis of mental health problems in both lower and higher functioning children; the potential overlap of problems in learning and social interaction remains an area in need of additional work.
Resistance of wild rices, Oryza spp., to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

Of 36 wild rices screened, 19 accessions were resistant or moderately resistant to three biotypes of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), and 9 were resistant or moderately resistant to at least one biotype. Resistant accessions were nonpreferred and N. lugens caged on resistant accessions had low food ingestion rates, slow nymphal development, reduced longevity, low fecundity, and consequently low populations. Two wild rice species decreased the percent hatchability of N. lugens eggs. Some moderately resistant accessions have tolerance to N. lugens , as indicated by low plant damage ratings and plant loss and high percentage N. lugens survival and weight gain. Wild rices are possible sources of new genes for N. lugens resistance.
Predicting the effect of a novel vertebrate biocontrol agent: a model for viral-vectored immunocontraception of New Zealand possums

A model is described for predicting the outcome of biological control of New Zealand possums, using viral-vectored immunocontraception based on a sexually transmitted herpes-type vector. The model shows that success is possible in ecological terms, and identifies the probable circumstances under which it is achievable. These provide targets which a genetically modified virus must meet, aiding in the quest for suitable vectors and appropriate genetic modifications to them. In particular, the female reproductive system rather than the male's should be targeted, contact rate (i.e. number of potentially infectious contacts) per possum carrying the virus (i.e. infected, not infectious) must be in the order of one or more per year and at least 75% of females carrying the virus must be sterile at mating
Parental knowledge and practice regarding febrile seizure in their children

Background: Febrile seizure (FS) is a benign convulsive disorder in under 5-year-old children, but at the same time, it is an alarming event in the lives of both child and parents. Lack of parent's knowledge about the nature of FS and how they should deal with it can lead to poor management. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of parents regarding FS in their children and to assess the association of knowledge and practice of parents with certain socio-demographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 parents of children with FS attending emergency department in Babylon Teaching Hospital for Pediatrics and Gynecology and AL-Noor Hospital for Pediatrics during a period of 5 months (from March 1 to August 1, 2018). A questionnaire was administered to parents which included items regarding family characteristics, characteristics of FS, their knowledge, and their first-aid practices with FS. Results: Regarding maternal age and paternal age, they ranged between 15–43 and 20–50 years, respectively. More than half of them live in urban areas, and concerning educational level of mothers, 70% were either illiterate or had a primary level of education. Majority of FS children were presented with first attack who represent a percentage of about 69%. About half of the respondents have good level of knowledge. Fifty-two percent of them considered that FS is equivalent to epilepsy, 69% stated that it is a life-threatening event, and 80% knew that it occurs during febrile occasions. Only 25% of parents took their children to doctor during attack of fit without first aids. Conclusions: Parents' knowledge regarding FS was significantly associated with higher maternal education, urban residence, and mother age. A higher level of practices was shown to have a significant association with increasing in the number of episodes experienced by parents and advancing in maternal age.
Depth of Root Activity of Coexisting Grassland Species in Relation to N and P Additions, Measured Using Nonradioactive Tracers

1 Root activity of coexisting plant species was assessed by injecting lithium, strontium and caesium at depths of 5 and 15 cm in the soil of an upland grassland to which a factorial combination of N and P additions had been applied. 2 For.each species and each tracer the ratio of the above-ground concentrations after injection at depths of 5 and 15 cm was calculated and the species ranked for each tracer in order of root activity with soil depth; Sr and Cs gave similar results, which in some cases were quite different from those with Li. 3 When Cs and Sr were injected at the depth of 5 cm, a positive correlation was evident between Sr and Ca concentrations for the various species but not for Cs and K. 4 Although root activity was higher at a depth of 5cm for all species, the relative activity with depth differed between species; Agrostis capillaris, the most abundant species, and Thymus sibthorpii had deeper root activity than Carex caryophyllea, the second most abundant species, and Teucrium chamaedrys. 5 When N and/or P were added Agrostis capillaris and Carex caryophyllea tended to become shallower rooted and their above-ground biomass increased; for these species a positive correlation was evident between relative abundance and ratios of concentrations, indicating that the most competitive species tended to become shallower rooted when the limiting nutrients were added. 6 Ranking of species in root activity with depth differed among the various nutrient treatments. Legumes tended to have the deepest root activity when N only was applied and the shallowest root activity when P was applied. 7 Although the ranking of species was influenced by the availability of nutrients, the hypothesis that the less competitive species are forced to deeper rooting was not clearly supported; the legume species Trifolium heldreichianum only tended to become deeper rooted when N was added, i.e. in the treatment in which it was less competitive.
The role of glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor in developing mouse sympathetic neurons

L. Mckelvey, C. Riccardi, G.W. O’Keeffe. Characterisation of the molecular mechanisms mediating GITR-regulated axonal growth. Neuroscience Ireland 2011, NUI Maynooth, Ireland Laura McKelvey, Humberto Gutierrez, Giuseppe Nocentini, Sean J. Crampton, Carlo R. Riccardi 3 , Gerard W. O’Keeffe. The intracellular portion of GITR enhances NGFpromoted neurite growth through an inverse modulation of Erk and NF-κB signalling. Neuroscience Ireland 2012, RCSI Dublin, Ireland.
CRESCIMENTO, DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE MORANGUEIRO A PARTIR DE MUDAS COM DIFERENTES VOLUMES DE TORRÃO

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influencia do volume de alveolos em bandejas no crescimento, no desenvolvimento de mudas e na producao de frutas do morangueiro. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro volumes de alveolos (50; 100; 180 e 312 mL) e duas cultivares (‘Camarosa’ e ‘Aromas’), em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes, nove plantas por parcela, conduzido no periodo entre abril e dezembro de 2011. Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: qualidade, crescimento, desenvolvimento das mudas e producao de frutas. Mudas com torrao produzidas em recipientes com maior volume de alveolos proporcionaram maior precocidade e producao, em decorrencia do maior diâmetro da coroa e a massa seca de parte aerea e raizes. Obteve-se correlacao significativa entre a massa seca de raizes, massa seca da parte aerea e o diâmetro da coroa com a producao precoce de frutas. A qualidade da muda influencia diretamente na precocidade e na producao de frutas de morangueiro.
Oscillatory dynamics in populations of an annual weed species Abutilon theophrasti

Calibrated neighbourhood population dynamic models had predicted that monocultures of Abutilon theophrasti (velvet leaf) can exhibit oscillatory and chaotic dynamics. This hypothesis was tested both in field experiments and under controlled-environment conditions. The effect of soil nutrient levels on the population dynamics was observed in glasshouse experiments
Recent sedimentation and resuspension of organic matter in eutrophic Lake Esrom, Denmark

Sedimentation of freshly produced organic matter and resuspended surface sediment in central Lake Esrom was estimated to be 635 g dry weight m-2yr-1. Resuspension was assumed to occur during the period of fall circulation and contributed 155 g dry matter m-2yr-l. True sedimentation supplied approximately 480 g dry matter or 215 g organic matter m-2yr-1 to the profundal area of Lake Esrom. Phytoplankton primary production measured during the sedimentation study amounted to 185 g C m-2yr-1. If 70% of this material were mineralized in the water column and sedimentation occurred predominantly in the profundal zone, an estimate of 275 g organic matter m-2yr-1 would leave the euphotic zone. This value is in reasonable agreement with the observed sedimentation rate.