Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is There a Halo Effect in Satisfaction Formation in Business-to-Business Services?

Despite the growing number of longitudinal investigations of customer satisfaction, the occurrence and type of dynamic effects within satisfaction formation has not been entirely clarified. This article explores these dynamic effects on both the level of attribute and overall service satisfaction and investigates whether the halo effect that has been identified in a business-to-consumer context also emerges in business relations. The results show that in our empirical example, within-level dynamic effects dominate, whereas halo effects are weak. In light of evidence regarding nonlinear effects in satisfaction formation, this study also investigates nonlinearities. The dynamic relations in our empirical example show a positive asymmetry, meaning that favorable satisfaction evaluations have a greater propensity to carry over to the next period than do less favorable ones. Therefore, customers in the long-term business relations of this study maintain a certain tolerance toward their service provider, which limits the diagnostic power of current satisfaction ratings to detect problems in the relationship.
Media optimization of protease production by Bacillus licheniformis and partial characterization of Alkaline protease

A B S T R A C T husk,3%(w/v); Potassium nitrate, 0.75%(w/v); salt solution, 5%(v/v) {MgSo4.7H2O, 0.5%(w/v); KH2PO4, 0.5%(w/v)}; FeSO4.7H2O, 0.01%(w/v) and CaCO3, 0.5%. Thus, with above selected carbon and nitrogen sources along with 1% NaCl and 2% inoculum, the maximum protease production (184±0.25U/ml) was obtained in the period of 72 h of incubation at pH-9.0 under 160 rpm when compared to the initial enzyme production(98±0.32U/ml) on basal media with cost effective manner. The crude enzyme extract of the strain was also characterized with respect to temperature, pH, incubation period and different concentrations of casein which was used as enzyme substrate. This study showed that this enzyme has wide range of pH stability from 8 to 11 with optimum activity at pH-10.0. It is thermostable with optimum activity at 65°C (Bacillus licheniformis) with 1h incubation of enzyme with 1% casein as its substrate. From the above investigations it is concluded that the enzyme is alkaline protease and thermostable with potential applications in various industrial processes.
Phenolic Compounds as Stress Markers in Plants from Gypsum Habitats

Gypsum habitats represent a stressful environment for plants, combining aridity, limited nutrients and salt toxicity in the soil. Si nce different abiotic stress conditions cause oxida tive stress by generation of 'reactive oxygen species' ( ROS), the activation of antioxidant systems is considered as one of the general mechanisms of resp onse to stress in plants. The levels of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids, well-known antioxidants, were determined in several species from a gypsum area in Valencia, SE Spain, t o study their possible role as biochemical markers of stress responses. Plant samples were collected f rom three selected experimental plots, located on a hill slope and showing different levels of environm ental stress, regarding dryness and gypsum content in the soil. Samplings were repeated three times al ong the year 2009, in spring, summer and autumn. The measured levels of total phenolics and flavonoi ds were very variable among taxa, precluding a direct comparison of different species, but in gene ral most of them showed higher contents of these compounds in summer, which is the most stressful period in the Mediterranean climate, with higher temperatures and practically no rainfall. The patte rns of phenolics and flavonoids accumulation in plants, according to spatial gradients in the exper imental area, also suggested a correlation with wat er stress, but not so much with the toxicity of the su bstrate.
Ice age legacies in the geographical distribution of tree species richness in europe

Aim This study uses a high-resolution simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate to assess: (1) whether LGM climate still affects the geographical species richness patterns in the European tree flora and (2) the relative importance of modern and LGM climate as controls of tree species richness in Europe. Location The parts of Europe that were unglaciated during the LGM. Methods Atlas data on the distributions of 55 tree species were linked with data on modern and LGM climate and climatic heterogeneity in a geographical information system with a 60-km grid. Four measures of species richness were computed: total richness, and richness of the 18 most restricted species, 19 species of medium incidence (intermediate species) and 18 most widespread species. We used ordinary least-squares regression and spatial autoregressive modelling to test and estimate the richness‐climate relationships. Results LGM climate constituted the best single set of explanatory variables for richness of restricted species, while modern climate and climatic heterogeneity was best for total and widespread species richness and richness of intermediate species, respectively. The autoregressive model with all climatic predictors was supported for all richness measures using an information-theoretic approach, albeit only weakly so for total species richness. Among the strongest relationships were increases in total and intermediate richness with climatic heterogeneity and in restricted richness with LGM growing-degree-days. Partial regression showed that climatic heterogeneity accounted for the largest unique variation fraction for intermediate richness, while LGM climate was particularly important for restricted richness. Main conclusions LGM climate appears to still affect geographical patterns of tree species richness in Europe, albeit the relative importance of modern and LGM climate depends on range size. Notably, LGM climate is a strong richness control for species with a restricted range, which appear to still be associated with their glacial refugia.
Metis

When seeking to accomplish public ends in a prudent manner, administrators are occasionally put in precarious situations that require a degree of metis. Metis is a distinct form of knowledge characterized by a mixture of wile and wisdom and is valuable because it can offer viable alternatives for solving complex problems in contingent situations. Individualized problems often require administrators to forego routinized recommendations and pursue a path to prudence through shrewd thinking and action. However, if metis is not properly contained, it runs the risk of sinking under the weight of unscrupulous motivation and of negatively affecting the legitimacy of administrative action. What is important is that a crafty ethos is bound within a proper sphere. This is why a bounded metis informed by a modified version of intermediate scrutiny may provide a meaningful guide that legitimizes the ability of administrators to handle ambiguous situations in a prudent manner.
INFLUENCE OF MICROHABITAT ON THE TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF TWO LEPTODACTYLIDS FROM NORTHEASTERN ARGENTINA

We analyzed trophic ecology and its relationship with environmental variables for two leptodactylid species, Leptodactylus latinasus and L. bufonius (Anura: Leptodactylidae). The two species are common around Corrientes City, Argentina, where they live in the same habitat. The main objectives were to analyze the diets and patterns of coexistence relative to the microhabitat of each species. Weekly sampling was carried out January 1997–February 2000. A randomization test and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used for data analysis. In L. latinasus, the diet was dominated numerically by isopterans and coleopterans (25.25% and 21.21%, respectively) and volumetrically by insect larvae (37.14%). In L. bufonius, the alimentary contents were dominated numerically by isopterans (60.49%) and volumetrically by coleopterans (62.47%). The trophic niche breadth was wider in L. latinasus (6.55) than L. bufonius (2.44). The overlap in the trophic niche (prey proportion) was higher (Ojk = 0.81) and significantly greater than the expected mean value obtained by chance (0.27). Spatial niche overlap between the two species was low (Ojk = 0.331) and not significantly different than the mean value expected by chance (0.52). Differences in microhabitat use were observed. While L. latinasus showed strong preference for mud, ground with crevices, and short grass and mud, L. bufonius showed preferences for dry land and short grass. In addition, the presence of this species was positively correlated with temperature and rainfall variables. Niche complementarity was observed between these species; although they exhibit high overlap in food, they tended to have low overlap in microhabitat use.
Strong anthropogenic signals in historic forest fire regime: a detailed spatiotemporal case study from south-central Norway

To better understand the historic range of variability in the fire regime of Fennoscandian boreal forests we cross-dated 736 fire scars of remnant Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples in a 3.6 km2 section of the Trillemarka-Rollagsfjell Reserve of south-central Norway. Using a kernel range application in GIS we spatially delineated 57 individual forest fires between 1350 and the present. We found a strong anthropogenic signal in the fire regime from 1600 and onwards: (i) infrequent variably sized fires prior to 1600 shifted to frequent fires gradually decreasing in size during the 1600s and 1700s, with only a few small fires after 1800; (ii) time intervals between fires and the hazard of burning showed substantial differences pre- and post-1600; (iii) fire seasonality changed from late- to early-season fires from the 1626 fire and onwards; and (iv) fire severity decreased gradually over time. Written sources corroborated our results, narrating a history where anthropogenic forest fires and slash-.
Short Communication SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF VP2 GENE SEGMENT OF CANINE PARVOVIRUS ISOLATE FROM ANAND

Canine parvovirus is the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in dogs characterized by depression, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhoea, myocarditis and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Since the emergence of CPV-2 in 1978, a number of outbreaks have been reported due to the development of new variants, namely: CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c. Increasing incidences of CPV in vaccinated dog population is also a matter of concern with regards to the prevailing CPV strains showing possible mutational escape from the vaccine strain. In the present paper, we have examined isolates of CPV from clinical samples of suspected dogs collected and fragment of the VP2 gene of the virus was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequence analysis. We found that, eleven out of fourteen samples from dogs with diarrhoea were characterized as CPV-2c, out of which 5 samples were from vaccinated dogs, indicating that this virus is already circulating in the Indian canine population.
Effect of phenolic compounds on characteristics of strained yoghurts produced from sheep milk

This study aims to investigate the effect of phenolic compounds extracted grape seed and pomegranate seed on characteristics of strained yoghurts produced from sheep milk. Firstly, phenolic compounds were extracted grape and pomegranate seed and their amounts for strained yoghurts were determined by estimating their phenolic activities. Also antimicrobial activity of seed extracts was determined. On 1st, 7th, and 14th day of storage, chemical analyses as dry matter, protein, acidity, pH, proteolysis and peroxide value and microbiological analyses such as enumeration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus andStreptococcus thermophilus and sensory analysis were conducted on strained yoghurt samples. According to analysis results, while addition of phenolic compounds affects chemical and microbiological properties of strained yoghurt positively, sensory quality was affected negatively. Key words: Natural antioxidants, phenolic compounds, sheep milk, strained yoghurt.
Raptor predation and population limitation in red grouse

Summary 1. We assessed the impact of predation by hen harriers and peregrine falcons on a red grouse population in southern Scotland during 1992–98. Grouse density in April, July and October declined during this time, coincident with an increase in the numbers of breeding harriers and peregrines. 2. Winter losses of grouse between October and April averaged 33% and were density-dependent. Raptors were the cause of about 70% of winter mortality and they killed about 30% of the grouse present in October. We were unable to determine whether winter mortality in raptors was additive to other losses. 3. Summer losses of adult grouse between April and July averaged 30% and were density-dependent. Raptors were the cause of more than 90% of the early summer mortality of adult grouse. Summer losses of grouse chicks between May and July averaged 45% and were not density-dependent. Harriers killed about 28% of grouse chicks by late July and about 37% by the end of August. Summer raptor predation on adult grouse and chicks appeared to be largely additive to other losses and we estimated that it reduced autumn grouse densities by about 50%. 4. A model combining the estimated reduction in autumn grouse density caused by raptors with the observed density dependence in winter loss predicted that, in the absence of raptors for 2 years, grouse density in spring would be 1·9 times greater, and grouse density in autumn 3·9 times greater, than in the presence of raptors. The model suggested that raptor predation prevented the grouse population from increasing and was thus a limiting factor.
THE EVOLUTION OF LEKKING: INSIGHTS FROM A SPECIES WITH A FLEXIBLE MATING SYSTEM

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy THE EVOLUTION OF LEKKING: INSIGHTS FROM A SPECIES WITH A FLEXIBLE MATING SYSTEM By Kavita Isvaran August 2003 Chair: H. Jane Brockmann Major Department: Zoology The study of intraspecific variation can provide insights into the evolution and maintenance of behavior. To identify the conditions associated with the rare and unusual mating system, lekking, I studied variation in male mating behavior of the blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra, an Indian antelope with a flexible mating system. Blackbuck show wide variation in the distribution of mating territories, from large solitary territories to tightly clumped, classical leks. Rather than viewing lekking as a discrete mating system, I treat leks as one extreme in a range of territory distributions, and describe the mating system of a population in terms of the distribution of mating territories (the degree of clustering and territory size). I studied factors influencing male clustering and territory size in ten blackbuck populations, nine in India and one in Texas, U.S.A. I also studied one Indian population more intensively. I found that large-scale, among-population variation in territory clustering was most strongly related to the size of female groups. In turn, female group size was best explained by habitat structure and resources.
Alysiinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Eight genera and 21 species of alysiine braconids are recorded from New Zealand. 13 are new species and 4 are described species not previously recorded from New Zealand. The 4 species previously known from New Zealand are: Alysia manducator (Panzer, 1799), Aphaereta aotea Hughes & Woolcock, Asobara antipoda Ashmead, and Dacnusa areolaris (Nees). Alysia stramineipes Cameron was excluded from Alysiinae by Wharton. The 13 new species are: Asobara ajbelli , A. albiclava , Aspilota albertica , A. angusta , A. parecur , A. villosa , Chaenusa helmorei , Chorebus paranigricapitis , C. rodericki , C. thorpei , Dinotrema barrattae , D. longworthi , and D. philipi . The 4 newly recorded adventive species are: Aphaereta pallipes (Say), Asobara persimilis (Prince), and A. tabida (Nees von Esenbeck). Aspilota andyaustini Wharton, a species described from Australia, is newly recorded from New Zealand. Each species treatment includes a full synonymy or reference to a full synonymy, a regional bibliography, a diagnosis, list of material examined, collection localities, list of known hosts, and bionomics. Appendices include host–parasitoid and parasitoid–host lists for New Zealand records, maps of collection localities, and details of all non-type material examined in this study. Checklist of taxa Family Braconidae Subfamily Alysiinae Tribe Alysiini Genus Alysia Latreille manducator (Panzer, 1799) Genus Aphaereta Forster aotea Hughes & Woolcock, 1976 pallipes (Say, 1829) Genus Asobara Forster ajbelli new species albiclava new species antipoda Ashmead, 1900 persimilis (Prince, 1976) tabida (Nees von Esenbeck, 1834) Genus Aspilota Forster albertica new species andyaustini Wharton, 2002 angusta new species parecur new species villosa new species Genus Dinotrema Forster barrattae new species longworthi new species philipi new species Tribe Dacnusini Genus Chaenusa Haliday helmorei new species Genus Chorebus Haliday paranigricapitis new species rodericki new species thorpei new species Genus Dacnusa Haliday areolaris (Nees, 1812)
Colony characteristics influence the risk of nest predation of a polydomous ant by a monotreme

Although predation of individual social insect workers has little effect on colony fitness, nest predation may be a significant selective agent because it can result in substantial loss of reproductive success. Surprisingly, the consequences of predation on social insect nests are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate the factors that correlate with the probability of predation by echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus, on nests and colonies of the facultatively polydomous meat ant, Iridomyrmex purpureus. In particular, we investigate whether colony fragmentation provides a mechanism for reducing the costs of echidna predation. Over 2 years, 138 of the 140 colonies on our study site were depredated. Nest predation was most common in woodlands but with no obvious seasonal patterns. The probability of nest predation was positively correlated with the size of the nest, and negatively correlated with the density of surrounding nests. Although polydomous colonies are at a similar risk of predation by echidnas, the proportion of depredated nests is negatively correlated with the number of nests; thus, the probability that one or more nests avoid predation is increased with increasing nest numbers. Surprisingly, we found no influence of the level of echidna predation on colony growth, measured by either changes in the number of nests or the number of nest entrance holes. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 1–8.
Diversity and distribution of tick species infesting goats with two new host records from Sri Lanka

An island-wide study on ticks that infest the domestic goat, Capra aegagrus hircus was carried out from June 2011 to May 2013. A total of 2,628 ticks were collected in 22 districts within the three agro-climatic zones in Sri Lanka from 740 goats belonging to various breeds. Eight species of ticks belonging to the two genera Haemaphysalis and Rhipicephalus (Family Ixodidae) including Haemaphysalis bispinosa , H. intermedia , H. cuspidata , Rhipicephalus sanguineus , R. haemaphysaloides , R. turanicus , R. ( Boophilus ) annulatus and R. ( Boophilus ) microplus were recorded. The most common species in the overall collection were H. intermedia (44.0 %) and H. bispinosa (43.8 %). Haemaphysalis bispinosa was the dominant species in the Wet and Intermediate Zones, except in a few locations. In these exceptions H. intermedia was the dominant species, which was also the most abundant species found in the Dry Zone. Haemaphysalis bispinosa and R. sanguineus were restricted only to the Wet and Intermediate Zones. Of the eight tick species found, the two species, R. turanicus and R. microplus were new host records from Sri Lanka. More adult stages (70.8 %) were found in goats, where nymphs and larvae formed 25.9 and 3.3 %, respectively. All three stages of the dominant tick species were found on goats except for immature stages of R. haemaphysaloides and R. sanguineus . Most ticks preferred the anterior side of the body with one exception, R. microplus , which was more attracted to the posterior side of the host. This study reports the tick species infesting goats with zoonotic potential and also known vectors of many tick borne diseases of human and livestock. J.Natn. Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2015 43 (3):225-234
Two new species that are likely to represent the most basal clade of the genus Trichadenotecnum (Psocoptera: Psocidae)

Two new Trichadenotecnum species, T. corniculum and T. germinatum, were described from Japan. These species were considered to compose a monophyletic group newly defined here as the corniculum group. Judging from morphology of male terminalia, the corniculum group was considered to represent the basal most clade of the genus Trichadenotecnum.
The Effects of Deflectors in a Section of a Michigan Trout Stream

Abstract The changes in angling produced by current deflectors in a 1,605-foot section of Hunt Creek, a Michigan brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) stream, were studied over an 8-year period, 3 years before and 5 years after placement of the devices. Data on changes in the physical character of the stream, the fish population, and the bottom food supply also are presented for 1 year before and 3 years after installation of deflectors. The methods used to measure these various changes are given. Installation of 24 pool-forming deflectors raised the number of good pools from 9 to 29, increased the average pool depth by 6 inches, and exposed additional gravel without significantly changing the average stream depth over the entire section. Preliminary and unpublished bottom-food studies indicated a decrease in total number and volume of all organisms but an increase in forms found most frequently in trout stomachs. Fish-population studies demonstrated slight increases in the number of smaller trout present a.
PARASITOIDS AND PARASITES OF SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN THE AMERICAS AND CARIBBEAN BASIN: AN INVENTORY

Abstract An inventory of parasitoids and parasites of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was conducted using references describing parasitized FAW eggs, larvae, pupae and adults collected from different crops or habitats throughout the Americas and the Caribbean Basin. The crops and countries where these parasites were reported occurring in the Americas is also inventoried. Maize was the crop where the FAW was more frequently collected followed by rice. Overall, Chelonus insularis (Cresson) had the broadest natural distribution in the Americas. For the North American region C. insulares, Chelonus sp. , and Euplectrus platyhypenae (Howard) were the most relevant parasitoids. In Central America, C. insularis was the most prevalent parasitoid, and in the South American region the most prevalent parasites were Archytas incertus (Macq.), A. marmoratus (Tns.), C. insularis, and Meteorus laphygmae (Viereck). Diapetimorpha introita (Cresson) is the most important pupal parasitoid of FAW occurring mainly in North America. An acugutturid, Noctuidonema guyanense (Remillet & Silvain), is the most important ectoparasitic nematode attacking adults of FAW and other noctuid moths in South and Southeastern US, and Mexico in North America, Caribbean Basin, Central America, and Northern South America.