Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: An Analysis of Social Determinants Using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System

Background: Approximately one in every eight mothers experience symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) in the United States.1 Existing literature lacks an in-depth exploration of the social context from which symptoms of PPD arise. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) among new mothers and to explore relationships between selected social determinants of health (SDOH) and the likelihood of experiencing PDS. Materials and Methods: Data were from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) 2016 and 2017 Questionnaires. Measured SDOH included socioeconomic status, social network support, psychosocial stress, and availability of resources to meet basic daily needs. Outcome measurement included a combination of two symptom indicator questions. Univariate analyses yielded weighted frequencies of descriptive statistics according to PDS status, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses yielded odds of reporting PDS. Results: The prevalence of self-reported PDS was 3.5%. Among mothers with PDS, most (54%) lived at or below the federal poverty guideline. Mothers who experienced psychosocial stress (e.g., intimate partner violence) during pregnancy had the highest likelihood of reporting PDS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.60; confidence interval [95% CI], 2.12–6.12). Mothers who considered their most recent pregnancy unintended or mistimed were more likely to report PDS (aOR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01–1.82), (aOR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.19–2.27), respectively. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that several social and psychosocial risk factors significantly impact the likelihood of experiencing PDS. The risk of PDS was particularly significant among lower socioeconomic status mothers, especially those with inadequate social network support. Public health efforts to mitigate potentially harmful social factors should focus on transforming public policies and social programs and increasing screening opportunities.
Observation on Dabble Habits of Yangzhou Goose in Primrose Season

Rearing livestock in pens combing with spray technology is a new way to breed water bird. The purpose of this experiment is to find a scientific and practical spray method. A total of 30 70-days old Yangzhou geese, were randomly distributed into three replicates, with 10 birds per replicate. One bird marked randomly from each replicate was used to observed. The observe its dabble habits last 3 days in primrose season. The results showed that daily dabble time range from 60 to 80 minutes roughly. Every time lasted 1 to 20 minutes, and the active period of dabbling was 8:00～9:00,11:00～12:00,13: 00 ～17:00.The number of times of dabbling was about 14 time a day. They usually preened feather 10 minutes after landing.
Quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithms with a new termination criterion, Hepsilon gate, and two-phase scheme

From recent research on combinatorial optimization of the knapsack problem, quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (QEA) was proved to be better than conventional genetic algorithms. To improve the performance of the QEA, this paper proposes research issues on QEA such as a termination criterion, a Q-gate, and a two-phase scheme, for a class of numerical and combinatorial optimization problems. A new termination criterion is proposed which gives a clearer meaning on the convergence of Q-bit individuals. A novel variation operator H/sub /spl epsi// gate, which is a modified version of the rotation gate, is proposed along with a two-phase QEA scheme based on the analysis of the effect of changing the initial conditions of Q-bits of the Q-bit individual in the first phase. To demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the updated QEA, several experiments are carried out on a class of numerical and combinatorial optimization problems. The results show that the updated QEA makes QEA more powerful than the previous QEA in terms of convergence speed, fitness, and robustness.
Setting research priorities for English as an Additional Language

We report a priority setting partnership (PSP), which sought to establish the priorities for new research among research users (educators, parents, and learners) in the field of English as an Additional Language (EAL). A steering committee consisting of members of these research user groups was established to oversee the project. An online ‘uncertainty questionnaire’ was distributed to research users inviting them to identify areas of their practice about which they are uncertain. These ‘raw’ uncertainties were consolidated and converted into a list of research questions, which was then distributed to the same groups to rank in order of priority. The 25 highest ranked questions were then discussed and debated in a workshop, consisting of research user representatives, to collectively and democratically produce a final Top 10 list of questions. The Top 10 shows what EAL research users regard as priorities, which we hope will inform research agendas and funding decisions.
Exploring the relationship between willingness to participate in insurance and bank loan approval for coffee farmers in Dak Lak Province: A Bayesian Model Averaging approach

This study has employed Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to identify the most suitable model for assessing the eligibility of Vietnamese coffee farmers for bank loans, effectively avoiding overfitting and ensuring that only the most crucial variables were considered in the analysis. Findings from the study indicate that factors such as ethnicity, labor, yield, land ownership, and willingness to participate (WTP) in coffee insurance significantly influenced the farmers' eligibility for bank loans. Moreover, the study suggests that banks and insurance companies should also take into account additional factors, such as socio-economic context, household size and composition, land ownership, and risk-sharing programs, to enhance access to credit. With this valuable information, banks can forge partnerships with insurance companies to craft highly effective loan programs and insurance products tailored to Vietnamese farmers' unique needs. The simplicity, practicality, and strong predictive ability of the model chosen by BMA make it a valuable tool for guiding policy decisions.
Getting at the Heart of the Issue: Challenging Male Bias in Nepal's Department of Forests

Abstract Traditional male dominance in the realm of forestry limits the degree to which forest departments around the world are able to take up gender equity agendas. The experience of one project in the hills of Nepal demonstrates a successful strategy for changing the attitudes of forestry professionals, at the same time creating conditions under which rural women can demand respect and inclusion by building synergies at various levels. This requires a focus on developing the skills of change agents within communities and agencies.
Evolution of magma source regions in the Rio Grande rift, southern New Mexico

Early magmatism of the southern Rio Grande rift was strongly controlled by the thermal history of the lithosphere. The compositions of igneous rocks in southern New Mexico record a general shift in magma source regions through the Cenozoic from lithosphere to asthenosphere and from upper crust to lower crust and, finally, to little crustal involvement. Extension began as early as 36 Ma, coincident with the onset of bimodal volcanism of the middle Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up and production of half grabens after a short episode of post-Laramide subduction-related volcanism. Oligocene mafic magmas have incompatible trace element patterns similar to modern continental-arc basalts (low Nb, Ta, and Ti; high Rb/Nb, Ba/Nb, and La/Nb). The most mafic magma has 87Sr/86Sr and ϵNd values near bulk Earth (0.704771 and +0.2, respectively). The Oligocene mafic to intermediate-composition suites evolved toward slightly higher 87Sr/86Sr, lower ϵNd, and nonradiogenic Pb isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70440–0.70785; ϵNd = −2.2 to −4.8; 206Pb/204Pb = 17.039–18.084, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.387–15.498; 208Pb/204Pb = 37.094–38.130) and are interpreted as partial melts of slightly hydrated lithosphere that were contaminated in the lower crust. Contemporaneous rhyolitic magmas have more radiogenic Sr and Pb isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7111; ϵNd = −4.5; 206Pb/204Pb = 18.435; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.538; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.607) and record the involvement of an upper-crustal component. Silicic volcanism ceased abruptly at 28.5 Ma, but mafic to intermediate-composition lithospheric magmatism persisted until 24 Ma. Although extension continued, forming half grabens with sedimentary fill, the period between 24 and 10 Ma was amagmatic. This lack of volcanism and the end of lithosphere-dominated magma genesis reflect the effective scavenging of the hydrated parts of the lithospheric mantle by middle Tertiary magmatism, which produced a refractory, infertile, subcontinental lithosphere. Volcanism resumed at 10 Ma with sporadic eruption of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts having trace element patterns similar to oceanic-island basalts (high Nb, Ta, and Ti; low Ba/Nb and La/Nb), depleted Sr and Nd isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70297–0.70396; ϵNd = +4.7 to +7.3), and more-radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 18.460–19.698; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.461–15.684; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.091–39.411) than the lithosphere-derived suites. The composition of these late Cenozoic basalts records a dramatic shift in source region to upwelling asthenosphere that melted by adiabatic decompression.
Vitamin D status, hypertension and body mass index in an urban black community in Mangaung, South Africa

Background A strong relationship exists between hypertension and body weight. Research has linked both higher blood pressure and body weight with lower vitamin D status. Objective This study assessed the vitamin D status of a low-income, urban, black community in South Africa, to examine whether serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] are associated with hypertension and body mass index (BMI). Methods Data collected from 339 adults (25–64 years) from the Assuring Health for All in the Free State (AHA-FS) study were analysed. Variables measured include serum 25(OH)D, blood pressure, weight and height to determine BMI, and HIV status. Results Mean 25(OH)D level was 38.4 ± 11.2 ng/mL for the group; 43.5 ± 11.8 ng/mL and 37.0 ± 10.6 ng/mL for males and females, respectively. Approximately 40% of the participants were HIV-positive and 63.4% hypertensive. Based on BMI, 11.8% were underweight, 33.0% normal weight, 23.0% overweight and 32.1% obese. HIV status showed no correlation with 25(OH)D levels when controlling for BMI. Poor inverse relationships were found between BMI and 25(OH)D (p = 0.01), and between mean arterial blood pressure and 25(OH)D (p = 0.05). When controlling for BMI, no correlation was found between 25(OH)D and the prevalence of hypertension or mean arterial blood pressure. Conclusion Approximately 96% of participants had an adequate vitamin D status, which could be attributed to latitude, sunny conditions and expected high levels of sun exposure because of living conditions. Results confirmed a poor inverse relationship between vitamin D status and hypertension, which seems to be dependent on BMI.
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV patients in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Maintaining a high level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical to limiting rapid viral replication, drug resistance, and viral transmission. However, ART adherence remains a major challenge in HIV/AIDS treatment success. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to synthesize available evidence on adherence to ART among HIV/AIDS patients in Ghana.This review followed the preferred reporting item for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) criteria. A comprehensive literature search was done using five online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Africa Index Medicus, and Willey Online Library) from 25th- 30th April 2023 to identify potential studies. In addition, references of related articles were manually searched to further identify relevant studies. Search records were managed in Endnote library where duplicates were removed prior to screening. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were conducted in Ghana, designed as an observational or experimental study, and explicitly measured adherence to ART, either as a primary or secondary outcome. Studies were excluded if the proportion or prevalence of adherence to ART was not reported.A total number of 126 potential studies were identified from the literature search. Of these, 14 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the Meta-analysis. The studies involved a total number of 4,436 participants. The pooled estimate of adherence to ART was 70% (CI: 58–81%). In subgroup analysis, adolescents and young adults had a lower adherence rate (66%, CI: 46–84%) compared with adults (70%; CI: 58–81%). Publication bias was not observed among studies. The pooled estimate of optimal adherence to ART among HIV patients in Ghana was lower than is recommended (≥95%) to achieve viral suppression. Adherence was lower among young persons living with HIV/AIDS. To achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable development goals and the UNAIDS “95-95-95” targets, there is a need to focus on improving adherence interventions among persons living with HIV/AIDS, especially among the younger cohort.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EXPECTING THE UNEXPECTED: EMISSIONS UNCERTAINTY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET DESIGN

We study potential equilibria in California's 2013-2020 cap-and-trade market for greenhouse gasses (GHGs) based on information available before the market started. We find large ex ante uncertainty in business-as-usual emissions, and in the abatement that might result from non-market policies, compared to the market-based variation than could plausibly result from changes in allowance prices within a politically acceptable price range. This implies that the market price is very likely to be determined by an administrative price floor or ceiling. Comparable analysis seems likely to reach similar conclusions in most cap-and-trade markets for GHGs, consistent with outcomes to date in such markets. Severin Borenstein Haas School of Business University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1900 and NBER severinborenstein@berkeley.edu James Bushnell Department of Economics One Shields Ave. University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616 and NBER jbbushnell@ucdavis.edu Frank A. Wolak Department of Economics Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6072 and NBER wolak@zia.stanford. edu Matthew Zaragoza-Watkins Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 400 Main Street Building E19-411 Cambridge, MA 02042 mwatkins@mit.edu
Expecting The Unexpected: Towards Broad Out-Of-Distribution Detection

Improving the reliability of deployed machine learning systems often involves developing methods to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. However, existing research often narrowly focuses on samples from classes that are absent from the training set, neglecting other types of plausible distribution shifts. This limitation reduces the applicability of these methods in real-world scenarios, where systems encounter a wide variety of anomalous inputs. In this study, we categorize five distinct types of distribution shifts and critically evaluate the performance of recent OOD detection methods on each of them. We publicly release our benchmark under the name BROAD (Benchmarking Resilience Over Anomaly Diversity). Our findings reveal that while these methods excel in detecting unknown classes, their performance is inconsistent when encountering other types of distribution shifts. In other words, they only reliably detect unexpected inputs that they have been specifically designed to expect. As a first step toward broad OOD detection, we learn a generative model of existing detection scores with a Gaussian mixture. By doing so, we present an ensemble approach that offers a more consistent and comprehensive solution for broad OOD detection, demonstrating superior performance compared to existing methods. Our code to download BROAD and reproduce our experiments is publicly available.
Pedotransfer functions for the soil water retention curve.

Pedotransfer functions allow prediction of the soil hydraulic characteristics from basic soil data. In this study pedotransfer functions were developed in order to obtain three specific points of the soil water retention curve: field capacity, wilting point and maximum capacity, which were considered to be correspondent to the water held in soil against suctions of 0.25 kPa, 9.8 kPa and 1554 kPa. The basic properties of soil used were particle size distribution, organic content, bulk density, depth of the layer and the statistical variables geometric mean diameter and geometric standard deviation of the soil particles. The method for building the functions was multiple linear REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS 338 regression analysis with 304 measurements of soil layers from numerous soil families from different locals in Portugal. The adjusted coefficient of determination of the pedotransfer functions was higher than 0.84. The validation of pedotranfer functions was made with a regional, independent data set of 55 measurements, obtained in this study for a particular irrigation area in Alentejo. The correlation coefficient obtained between the values predicted with the pedotransfer functions and the measured ones, for water retained in the soil at 0.25 kPa, 9.8 kPa e 1554 kPa was, respectively, 0.90, 0.73 and 0.85 which were considered significant at the 0.1% probability level.
Age, sex, religion and caste specific goitre prevalence among school children in Berhampore sadar sub-division of Murshidabad District, West Bengal

Objectives : The objective of the present study is to find out the prevalence of endemic goitre among school children of Berhampore sadar sub-division of Murshidabad district. Attempt has also been made to find out the interaction of host factors, viz, age, sex, caste, religion in influencing goitre prevalence among school children during post-salt iodization phase. Background : In post salt iodization phase, endemic goitre was found prevalent all over the India including West Bengal. Prevalence of goitre has been reported in many districts except Murshidabad. Present study is thus undertaken in Murshidabad district. Method : A total of 1566 school children (6-12 yr) were clinically examined for goitre from five C.D. Blocks of the studied region. Age, sex, religion and caste specific goitre prevalence was reported. Body height and body weight is also recorded to observe the growth pattern of the studied school children. Result : Overall result showed that mild degree of goitre endemicity (17.4%) was found. Girls (18.9%) were more affected than boys (15.7%). Goitre was most prevalent in Hindus (19.6%) than Muslim (16.0%) communities. Among the Hindus, general caste (20.4%) students suffered more than scheduled caste and scheduled tribe (18.6%). Conclusion : Present study indicates that goitre is still persist in the region. Result showed that girls were more affected than boys. It may be due to increase physiological demand in females at puberty. Result also showed that goitre was most prevalent in Hindus than Muslim communities and among the Hindus, general caste students suffered more than scheduled caste & scheduled tribe. It might be due to their different environmental adaptability and different dietary habit. Age specific data showed that in initial stage (6 yr) growth pattern is comparably better in boys than girls. The growth rate is high among the girls than boys at the age of 9 yr to 12 yr. It may be due to the high demand of steroid hormones among the girls before menarche.
Interactive Multimedia Development with CSCL Learning Strategy Assisted by Concept Map for Concept Understanding of Elementary School Students

Elementary School students are Alpha generation children who understand technology. With today's increasingly rapid technological developments, concept maps can be used to support learning with computer technology by utilizing the CSCL model so that students can interact and collaborate anytime and anywhere online. For this reason, interactive multimedia development was carried out with CSCL learning strategies assisted by Concept Map for concept understanding of elementary school students. This development research aims to produce interactive multimedia to improve the understanding of grade 5 elementary school students in aspects of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. We use the Lee & Owens model to test the product's feasibility. In addition, to determine the improvement in learning outcomes of grade 5 elementary school students, an N-Gain Score normality test and a hypothesis test were carried out using paired sample t-test on pretest and post-test value data. The developed product is interactive multimedia with CSCL learning strategies assisted by Concept Map, and it is equipped with content in the form of reading materials, learning videos, and evaluation tests. The results of interactive multimedia validation produce excellent criteria based on material aspects, learning media aspects, and learning design. The response of grade 5 elementary school students received excellent criteria for the feasibility of multimedia learning as a learning medium. Based on the results of statistical tests, it was concluded that there was an increase in learning outcomes after using interactive multimedia with CSCL learning strategies assisted by Concept Map.
STUDIES ON CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS FROM SANGAMNER AREA, AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Studies were conducted to know the chemical characteristics of the soils and their classification from Sangamner area, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra. For this purpose, 62 surface soil samples were analyzed for pH, EC, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Cl - , HCO 3 - , SO 4 2- from saturation extract. The exchangeable cations like Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ by neutral ammonium acetate extract and CEC were estimated by standard procedures. pH ranged from 8 to 9.7 reflecting alkaline nature of soils. Higher EC in the downstream part reflecting low flushing rate and sluggish groundwater movement in the area. EC study showed 35.48% soils are normal and 64% soils are problematic which requires reclamation. Estimation of CaCO 3 content showed 79% of the soils are strongly calcareous and remaining are having moderate CaCO 3 content. The concentration of soluble cations are in the order Na + >Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ >K + whereas Cl - is predominant followed by SO 4 2- and HCO 3 - in the soluble anions. 24.19% soils have SAR greater than 13 indicating shallow water table conditions and congestion of drainage. Out of the total exchangeable cations, Ca 2+ is dominating over rest of the cations. The CEC values ranged from 32.14 to 82.47 C mol (P + ) per kg indicating the soils in the area texturally classified as clay loam to clay. High CEC indicated presence of smectite in clay fraction. 35.48% soils showed ESP>15 which are located in the backwater zone of Ojhar weir. The soils from the study area are easily waterlogged during the rainy season. The problem is further aggravated due to decrease in depth of water table by injudicious irrigation and canal seepage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to focus the attention on the protection of soils particularly in the irrigation sector. Frequent awareness and training programs for farmers can be arranged to know the chemical composition and quality of soil to avoid further degradation.