Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulating Waste Management: National Experience and International Practice

The article analyzes legal changes in the field of municipal solid waste management in Russia and considers situations that have already arisen and will arise in the future in connection with the need to qualify certain acts as offenses under the new legislation. In this regard, the authors of the article became the first to identify the problems relevant to many former Soviet republics. They have developed solutions that can be used by countries that experience similar difficulties. To reform the above-mentioned sphere, it is necessary to introduce new actors into the field of waste management and, accordingly, into the area of legal responsibility in case of non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of their duties. The article examines the responsibility, rights and obligations of the parties to such relations. The authors have concluded that the legislator should clearly define possible violations and types of their punishment. The article also pays attention to such parties involved in waste management as "landowners". However, the list of possible violators cannot be denoted in such a way since not all owners of land plots with residential real estate are full-fledged owners of these plots. Some of them lease land plots or have limited property rights. As landowners, they should be recognized as parties to relations in the field of municipal solid waste management. One more issue which is especially relevant for the former Soviet republics is to determine an entity responsible for the collection and removal of waste from land plots, whose ownership is unclear. The article claims that responsibility for cleaning the territory of a land plot should be assigned to local authorities at the location of this contaminated land plot.
Short-term Moderate-dose Corticosteroid Plus Immunoglobulin Effectively Reverses Covid-19 Patients Who Have Failed Low-dose Therapy

Background: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread globally with more than 6,750,000 people infected, and nearly 400,000 patients died. Currently, we are in an urgent need for effective treatment strategy to control the clinical deterioration of COVID-19 patients.Methods: The clinical data of 10 COVID-19 patients receiving short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (160mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (20g/d) were studied in the North Yard of The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan from January 17th to February 27th, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological findings were analyzed. Results: After treatment with combination of low-dose corticosteroid (40-80mg/d) and immunoglobulin (10g/d), patients’ lymphocyte count (0.88±0.34 vs 0.59±0.18, P<0.05), oxygenation index including SPO2 (94.90±2.51 vs 90.50±5.91, P<0.05) and PaO2/FiO2 (321.36±136.91 vs 129.30±64.97, P<0.05) were significantly lower than pre-treatment, and CT showed that the pulmonary lesion deteriorated in all patients. While after treatment of short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid plus immunoglobulin, patients’ APACHE Ⅱ score (9.10±6.15 vs 5.50±9.01, P<0.05), body temperature (37.59±1.16 vs 36.46±0.25, P<0.05), lymphocyte count (0.59±0.18 vs 1.36±0.51, P<0.05), Lactate dehydrogenase (419.24±251.31 vs 257.40±177.88, P<0.05), and C-reactive protein (49.94±26.21 vs 14.58±15.25, P<0.05) significantly improved compared with post-treatment with low-dose therapy. In addition, oxygenation index including SPO2 (90.50±5.91 vs 97.50±1.18, P<0.05), PaO2 (60.47±14.53 vs 99.07±34.31, P<0.05), and PaO2/FiO2 (129.30±64.97 vs 340.86±146.72, P<0.05) significant improved. Furthermore, CT showed that pulmonary lesions obviously improved in 7 patients. After systematic therapy, 4 out of 10 COVID-19 patients recovered and discharged.Conclusions: Short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid plus immunoglobulin is effective for reversing the continued deterioration of COVID-19 patients who failed to respond to the low-dose therapy.
Behaviour of bubble files in glass melting space

A calculation model of the bubble concentration field inside a melting space is presented, based on the technique of tracing representative bubbles. The bubbles in the model originated from glass batch and from refractories. The appropriate bubble input values were obtained by laboratory experiments. The impact of various initial and boundary conditions, as well as melting conditions, on the bubble distribution inside the melting space was studied: a) the impact of initial amount of entering bubbles and their size distribution, b) the impact of initial redox state of glass, and c) the influence of bubble history. The results demonstrated the significance of the redox state of glass and the average temperature along bubble trajectories for the fining process. The calculated bubble compositions at the output and bubble histories were used to distinguish the bubbles coming from two bubble sources and to reveal the starting positions of defect bubbles. An attempt was made to estimate the bubble impact on the glass flow and on the redox state of glass using the bubble tracing technique. The preliminary calculations indicated that bubbles influence the melt flow.
Effect of Health Education on Mothers’ Knowledge in the Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infection in Toddlers in Waimital Village, Maluku

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a disease caused by infectious agents that are usually toddlers, so it is expected that the family, especially the mother, plays a role in terms of having good knowledge about the prevention of ARI transmission. Health education through visual aid leaflets is very effective to increase knowledge and understanding in preventing ARI disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of health education on the level of maternal knowledge in the prevention of ARI in children under.Methods: The research design used was a pre-experiment with one group and a pretest-posttest design approach. Intervention was carried out by way of house visits on a sample of 129 people. The research instrument used was questionnaire data analysis using the Wilcoxon test at a significance of (α <0.05). Results: Before doing health education, good knowledge was seen in 2 respondents or 1.6% and after the action of health education using leaflets, good knowledge was seen in 33 respondents or 25.6%. Statistical analysis of respondents' knowledge after treatment obtained an average value for knowledge of 68.84; the lowest value was 30 and the highest was 100, significant with a p-value = 0.000 (α <0.05). Conclusion: Health education using leaflets can increase mothers' knowledge so that it encourages self-efficacy and self-management and increases awareness in the prevention of disease. There is an influence of health education on the level of maternal knowledge in the prevention of ARI among children under five.
DETERMINATION OF LEAD, CADMIUM, CHROMIUM, AND NICKEL IN DIFFERENT BRANDS OF LIPSTICKS

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for the determination of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Chromium and Nickel) samples of six most popular brands of lipsticks sold at local markets in Faisalabad. Before analysis lipsticks samples were digested by using acid digestion method using HNO3 and H2O2. The ranges of averages for all samples analyzed were: Pb, 0.2866. 234 ppm; Cd, 0.200-0.500 ppm; Cr, 0.222-5.430 ppm and Ni, 0.600-5.947 ppm. From all colors in dark brown and shocking pink colors the metals concentration were higher, while in baby pink color the metal contents were low. So lipsticks used every day add up to significant exposure of heavy metals in body.
Emulsion design for reduced fat baking margarine

Water-in-Oil emulsions present a potential strategy for fat reduction in conventional baking margarine (and thereupon bakery products), by replacing a portion of the fat with a water-based fat mimetic. Using hydrocolloids, polymers, and stabilisers, this aqueous phase may be structured in such a way as to emulate the physical and mechanical behaviour of the fat, but with almost none of the associated energy contribution - presenting potential for a realistic, marketable solution towards weight management and calorie control. This work has adopted a holistic strategy in order to characterise and understand the various structural components and processes consolidating to form a final, optimized, baking margarine emulsion structure. The relationship between the microstructure and the physicomechanical properties of standalone structured aqueous hydrocolloid phases is studied, and modelled for more complex systems. Emulsification processing parameters were optimized for production of water in palm oil baking margarine emulsions, before then applying these learnings for successful formulation of reduced fat palm oil emulsions incorporating the structured aqueous phase. A conventional margarine process is optimised for a contemporary role of emulsification to successfully create fully emulsified 30% reduced fat baking margarine emulsions, with potential for considerably higher aqueous phase fractions depending upon particular baking application.
Significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for predicting clinical outcomes in COVID-19

Background The epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) struck China in late December,2019, resulting in about 200000 deaths all over the world. Numerous observational studies have suggested that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte proportion and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are inflammatory markers. Our study aimed to detect the role of NLR, PLR in predicting the prognosis of COVID-19. Results Four hundred and fifteen consecutive patients were enrolled in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, between 20 January and 11 April 2020 with confirmed COVID-19,among which 386 (93%) patients were not severe, and 27 (7%) were severe. The proportion of males in severe cases is higher than in non-severe cases (75.86% vs. 50.52%, P = 0.008). The age between the two groups is different (p = 0.022). Compared with non-severe patients, severe patients exhibited more comorbidities, including hypertension (48.28% vs. 19.43%, p < 0.001), diabetes (20.69% vs. 6.99%, p = 0.009), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (51.72% vs. 6.22%, p < 0.001), and fatty liver (37.93% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.002), respectively. NLR and PLR showed significant difference (p < 0.001). Diabetes (OR 0.28; 95% CI 15.824-187.186), fatty liver (OR 21.469; 95% CI 2.306-199.872), coronary heart disease (OR 18.157; 95% CI 2.085-158.083), NLR (OR 1.729; 95% CI 1.050–2.847) were significantly associated with severe cases with COVID-19. The NLR of patients in severe group had a 1.729-fold higher than that of no-severe group (OR 1.729; 95% CI 1.050–2.847, P = 0.031). Conclusions NLR is an independent risk factor of severe COVID-19 patients. PLR, NLR were significantly different between severe and non-severe patients, so assessment of NLR, PLR may help identify high risk cases with COVID-19.
The causal relationship between perceived social support and life satisfaction through hope, resilience and optimism

In this study, the causal relationship between social support and life satisfaction through hope, resilience and optimism was studied. The sample of the study consisted of 200 orphaned women under the care of Bavardelan charity institute, who were voluntarily selected for the study. In this research, the following scales were used, including; Perceived social support of Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley (1988), Life satisfaction scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985), Hope scale of Snyder (1991), Life orientation (Scheier & Carver,1985) and Resilience questionnaire (Conner & Davidson, 2003). The statistical method used was Pearson correlation and path analysis using the Amos statistical software. The results showed that social support was positively associated with life satisfaction, hope, optimism and there was a causal relationship between hope, optimism, resilience and life satisfaction. Also, findings have shown that there was an indirect positive relationship between social support and life satisfaction, in terms of hope, optimism, and resilience. The results of indirect hypotheses showed that social support encouraging hope, optimism, and resilience has a positive relationship with life satisfaction. It can be concluded that positive psychological dimensions including hope, resilience and optimism can play an important role in enhancing the orphaned women’s life satisfaction. Accordingly, there was a need for planning and training to create a supportive atmosphere to reduce the harm inflicted on these women and increase the well-being of their lives more than ever before.
The Energy Release Characteristics of Shock-Induced Chemical Reaction of Al/Ni Composites

In this paper, the energy release mechanism of shock-induced chemical reaction (SICR) of Al/Ni composites was investigated. The Al/Ni composites with two additives, namely Teflon (PTFE) and copper (Cu), were considered in both theoretical calculations and experiments to investigate their influence on SICR characteristics of Al/Ni composites system. Assuming the SICR process is controlled by shock temperature rising in the materials, the reaction efficiency of Al/Ni composites was calculated by Arrhenius reaction rate and Avrami–Erofeev reaction models. Hugoniot curves and the temperature rise under shock compression were calculated to analyze the mechanism of the influence on SICR characteristics by additives. Impact-initiated experiments of Al/Ni composites were carried out to study SICR characters at various impact velocities. The parameters of SICR model were determined by using corresponding experimental results. The calculation results showed that for the SICR process of Al/Ni, the critical shock tem.
Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A in a Korean population by fluorescent pcr analysis of dinucleotide repeats in intron 13 and intron 22 of the factor VIII gene

Objective: To set up the methodology for fluorescent PCR analysis of intron 13 and intron 22 microsatellite polymorphisms of the factor VIII gene, and to identify the usefulness of intron 13 and intron 22 microsatellite polymorphism for the carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A in the Korean population.Methods: Intron 13 and intron 22 microsatellite polymorphisms of the factor VIII gene were analyzed in 30 unrelated Korean mothers of patients with severe hemophilia A using fluorescent PCR. Results: Analysis of intron 13 and intron 22 microsatellite polymorphisms of the factor VIII gene was feasible by the fluorescent-PCR method. The expected heterozygosity rates of intron 13 and intron 22 polymorphisms of the factor VIII gene were 67% and 34%, respectively. Combined analysis of intron 13 and intron 22 polymorphisms revealed heterozygous patterns in 16 (53%) of 30 mothers studied. Using linkage analysis with intron 13 and intron 22 polymorphisms, we have attempted three cases of carrier detection and one cases of prenatal diagnosis in two families of patients with severe hemophilia A. Conclusion: These results suggest that flourescent-PCR analysis of the intron 13 and intron 22 microsatellite polymorphisms within the factor VIII gene is very useful in the carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A in the Korean population.
Hydrogen in Intermetallic Compounds

(Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, ETH) stability and disruption behaviour provoked by the a heat source. The most important diagnostics in this phase will undoubtedly be the neutron diagnostics, but other systems which are essential in unravelling the energy balance, such as the bolometers will retain a key im­ portance as will diagnostics determining impurity and instability behaviour, such as the spectroscopic and X-ray systems. The wall diagnostics will be required to give in­ formation on the plasma wall and radiation damage behaviour in this phase. It would also be useful to have direct information on a particle energy transfer and containment but it is not clear at present that suitable diagnostic techniques can be developed to operate in the intense radiation field. Infor­ mation on the effectiveness of the a parti­ cle heating will however be obtained from the neutron measurements. The various systems giving spatially resolved informa­ tion on temperature and density profiles will be essential for detailed energy balance analysis.
TIC 172900988: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet Detected in One Sector of TESS Data

We report the first discovery of a transiting circumbinary planet detected from a single sector of Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. During Sector 21, the planet TIC 172900988b transited the primary star and then five days later it transited the secondary star. The binary is itself eclipsing, with a period P ≈ 19.7 days and an eccentricity e ≈ 0.45. Archival data from ASAS-SN, Evryscope, KELT, and SuperWASP reveal a prominent apsidal motion of the binary orbit, caused by the dynamical interactions between the binary and the planet. A comprehensive photodynamical analysis of the TESS, archival and follow-up data yields stellar masses and radii of M 1 = 1.2384 ±0.0007 M ⊙ and R 1 = 1.3827 ± 0.0016 R ⊙ for the primary and M 2 = 1.2019 ± 0.0007 M ⊙ and R 2 = 1.3124 ±0.0012 R ⊙ for the secondary. The radius of the planet is R 3 = 11.25 ± 0.44 R ⊕ (1.004 ± 0.039R Jup). The planet’s mass and orbital properties are not uniquely determined—there are six solutions with nearly equal likelihood. Specifically, we find that the planet’s mass is in the range of 824 ≲ M 3 ≲ 981 M ⊕ (2.65 ≲ M 3 ≲ 3.09M Jup), its orbital period could be 188.8, 190.4, 194.0, 199.0, 200.4, or 204.1 days, and the eccentricity is between 0.02 and 0.09. At V = 10.141 mag, the system is accessible for high-resolution spectroscopic observations, e.g., the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect and transit spectroscopy.
Stochastic Downscaling to Chaotic Weather Regimes using Spatially Conditioned Gaussian Random Fields with Adaptive Covariance

Downscaling aims to link the behaviour of the atmosphere at fine scales to properties measurable at coarser scales, and has the potential to provide high resolution information at a lower computational and storage cost than numerical simulation alone. This is especially appealing for targeting convective scales, which are at the edge of what is possible to simulate operationally. Since convective scale weather has a high degree of independence from larger scales, a generative approach is essential. We here propose a statistical method for downscaling moist variables to convective scales using conditional Gaussian random fields, with an application to wet bulb potential temperature (WBPT) data over the UK. Our model uses an adaptive covariance estimation to capture the variable spatial properties at convective scales. We further propose a method for the validation, which has historically been a challenge for generative models.
A discrete framework for the interpolation of Banach spaces

We develop a discrete framework for the interpolation of Banach spaces, which contains the well-known real and complex interpolation methods, but also more recent methods like the Rademacher, $\gamma$- and $\ell^q$-interpolation methods. Our framework is based on a sequential structure imposed on a Banach space, which allows us to deduce properties of interpolation methods from properties of sequential structures. Our framework has both a formulation modelled after the real and the complex interpolation methods. This allows one to extend results previously known for either the real or the complex interpolation method to all interpolation methods that fit into our framework. As application, we prove interpolation of analytic operator families and the interpolation of intersections for all methods that fit into our framework.
Ribbon operators in the generalized Kitaev quantum double model based on Hopf algebras

Kitaev’s quantum double model is a family of exactly solvable lattice models that realize two dimensional topological phases of matter. The model was originally based on finite groups, and was later generalized to semi-simple Hopf algebras. We rigorously define and study ribbon operators in the generalized quantum double model. These ribbon operators are important tools to understand quasi-particle excitations. It turns out that there are some subtleties in defining the operators in contrast to what one would naively think of. In particular, one has to distinguish two classes of ribbons which we call locally clockwise and locally counterclockwise ribbons. Moreover, we point out that the issue already exists in the original model based on finite non-abelian groups, but it seems to not have been noticed in the literature. We show how certain common properties would fail even in the original model if we were not to distinguish these two classes of ribbons. Perhaps not surprisingly, under the new definitions ribbon operators satisfy all properties that are expected. For instance, they create quasi-particle excitations only at the end of the ribbon, and the types of the quasi-particles correspond to irreducible representations of the Drinfeld double of the input Hopf algebra. However, the proofs of these properties are much more complicated than those in the case of finite groups. This is partly due to the complications in dealing with general Hopf algebras rather than group algebras.
High order finite difference Hermite WENO fixed-point fast sweeping method for static Hamilton-Jacobi equations

In this paper, we combine the nonlinear HWENO reconstruction in \cite{newhwenozq} and the fixed-point iteration with Gauss-Seidel fast sweeping strategy, to solve the static Hamilton-Jacobi equations in a novel HWENO framework recently developed in \cite{mehweno1}. The proposed HWENO frameworks enjoys several advantages. First, compared with the traditional HWENO framework, the proposed methods do not need to introduce additional auxiliary equations to update the derivatives of the unknown function $\phi$. They are now computed from the current value of $\phi$ and the previous spatial derivatives of $\phi$. This approach saves the computational storage and CPU time, which greatly improves the computational efficiency of the traditional HWENO scheme. In addition, compared with the traditional WENO method, reconstruction stencil of the HWENO methods becomes more compact, their boundary treatment is simpler, and the numerical errors are smaller on the same mesh. Second, the fixed-point fast sweeping method is used to update the numerical approximation. It is an explicit method and does not involve the inverse operation of nonlinear Hamiltonian, therefore any Hamilton-Jacobi equations with complex Hamiltonian can be solved easily. It also resolves some known issues, including that the iterative number is very sensitive to the parameter $\varepsilon$ used in the nonlinear weights, as observed in previous studies. Finally, in order to further reduce the computational cost, a hybrid strategy is also presented. Extensive numerical experiments are performed on two-dimensional problems, which demonstrate the good performance of the proposed fixed-point fast sweeping HWENO methods.