Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Power Control for Distributed Multitask Learning Over Noisy Fading Wireless Channels

Distributed (federated) machine learning requires agents, e.g., mobile devices and sensors, to exchange information with a parameter server, leading to substantial communication power consumption. Existing work on power management for distributed learning mainly focuses on single-task learning, where all agents seek to learn a common model. In this paper, we study power control for distributed <italic>multitask</italic> learning, where agents collaborate to train personalized models and infer their relationships. The agents communicate with a parameter server over noisy fading wireless channels, where information is transmitted imperfectly. We establish the convergence bound for the wireless distributed multitask learning system in terms of the transmission power of the agents. Building upon the convergence bound, we formulate a power control problem, whose goal is to optimize the learning performance under the power constraints of agents. This problem is challenging to solve since only causal information about channel states is available. To resolve this challenge, we resort to the Lyapunov optimization framework and propose an online power control algorithm, where a virtual power queue is constructed and updated at each agent. We analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm and establish <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{T})$</tex-math></inline-formula> dynamic regret bound and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{T})$</tex-math></inline-formula> power overflow bound, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the time horizon. Finally, numerical experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed online power control algorithm outperforms existing benchmark schemes while satisfying the power constraints.
Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles

Measurements have been made of the fall speeds and masses of a large number of different types of solid precipitation particles. Particular attention is paid to the effects of riming and aggregation on the fall speeds and masses. Empirical expressions are given for the relationships between fall speeds and maximum dimensions and between masses and maximum dimensions for the particles studied. The results are compared with other experimental observations when they exist.
Winter Wine Tourists in Canada's Niagara Region

This paper represents the first stage in a multi-se asonal investigation of peak, offpeak and shoulder season winery tourists in Canada’s Niagara region. The goal of the study reported here is to better understand the off -peak winery tourist ‐ that strange creature who chooses to visit a winery in the dead of Canadian winter. Who are these people?
Effects of artificial light at night and drought on the photosynthesis and physiological traits of two urban plants

Urban plants are currently confronted with the stresses posed by artificial light at night (ALAN) and drought. A field block experiment was designed to explore the potential effects of ALAN and drought on the photosynthesis and physiological characters of two common urban plants, Euonymus japonicus (E. japonicus) and Rosa hybrida (R. hybrida). Each plant species was subjected to four distinct treatments: neither ALAN nor drought, ALAN, drought, and both ALAN and drought. The result showed the following: (1) ALAN significantly reduced the effective quantum yield (ΦPSII), apparent electron transfer rate (ETR), photochemical quenching parameter (qp), net photosynthetic (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), stomatal limit value (Ls), and the pigment concentrations and remarkably increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and starch in both E. japonicus and R. hybrida. Furthermore, ALAN increased the soluble saccharides of E. japonicus, and this effect of ALAN also occurred on R. hybrida under drought. (2) Drought significantly decreased the ΦPSII, ETR, qp, Pn, Gs, Ls, and the pigment concentrations and remarkably increased the content of MDA and TAC for both E. japonicus and R. hybrida. Moreover, drought did not significantly change the starch content of both species, and it significantly increased the content of soluble saccharides for E. japonicus. (3) The interaction between ALAN and drought occurred on the ΦPSII, ETR, Pn, MDA, and TAC of E. japonicus, but had no effect on R. hybrida. For urban areas affected by ALAN and drought, it is advisable to select plant species with strong stress resistance for gardening purposes, and plants directly exposed to ALAN should receive sufficient water during hot and dry weather conditions to maintain their normal growth.
An experimental investigation of the reflection and absorption of radiation of 9-cm. wave-length

The paper, which was circulated as a confidential report to the Radio Research Board in October 1944, describes measurements on the reflecting power of various surfaces at a wave-length of 9 cm and angles of incidence ranging from 80° to 45°; these included level and uneven bare ground, vegetation-covered ground, tap water and a 4% salt solution approximating to sea water. Specular reflection was found to occur only from very level surfaces; the absorptions of these surface media were measured, and from the combined measurements of reflection and absorption their electrical constants were derived. Rough surfaces, either of bare ground or vegetation-covered ground, gave values of reflection coefficient in general agreement with the optical rule that regular reflection is only observed from an uneven surface if the product of the depth of the surface irregularities and the cosine of the angle of incidence is a small fraction of the wave-length. If this fraction exceeded ½λ, the values of reflection coefficient measured were about 0.1. The calculated values of reflection coefficient corresponding to dry soil, wet soil and sea water for angles of incidence varying from 0° to 85° are given in an appendix to the paper.
How Do We Know What We Know? Learning from Monte Carlo Simulations

Monte Carlo simulations are commonly used to test the performance of estimators and models from rival methods, under a range of data-generating processes. This tool improves our understanding of the relative merits of rival methods in different contexts, such as varying sample sizes and violations of assumptions. When used, it is common to report the bias or the root mean squared error of the different methods. It is far less common to report the standard deviation, overconfidence, coverage probability, or power. Each of these six performance statistics provides important, and often differing, information regarding a method’s performance. Here, we present a structured way to think about Monte Carlo performance statistics. In replications of three prominent papers, we demonstrate the utility of our approach and provide new substantive results about the performance of rival methods.
Estimates of Uncertainty in Predictions of Global Mean Surface Temperature

A method for estimating uncertainty in future climate change is discussed in detail and applied to predictions of global mean temperature change. The method uses optimal fingerprinting to make estimates of uncertainty in model simulations of twentieth-century warming. These estimates are then projected forward in time using a linear, compact relationship between twentieth-century warming and twenty-firstcentury warming. This relationship is established from a large ensemble of energy balance models. By varying the energy balance model parameters an estimate is made of the error associated with using the linear relationship in forecasts of twentieth-century global mean temperature. Including this error has very little impact on the forecasts. There is a 50% chance that the global mean temperature change between 1995 and 2035 will be greater than 1.5 K for the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1FI scenario. Under SRES B2 the same threshold is not exceeded until 2055. These results should be relatively robust to model developments for a given radiative forcing history.
TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVE OF ICT INTEGRATION ON ELT

In the 21st century, technology has become the most powerful development in the world. In the last two decades, digital usage has influenced every aspect such as economic, social, political, and education fields. Along with developments that occur every day, in the realm of education, the curriculum has changed in recent years where K13 prioritizes the use of ICT in schools. This study conducted a descriptive qualitative research design that proposed to know teachers' perspective of ICT integration on ELT, specifically about the transition during online to offline class, teacher preparation of using ICT, the effectiveness of using ICT in the class, the obstacle faced when using ICT, students achievement, the use of ICT compared with conventional media, and teachers' interest on ICT. The participants were two English teachers of SMPN 1 Singosari who have applied teaching with ICT and conventional, and using in-depth interview to collect the data. The result revealed that the teachers have interest in studying ICT but still using conventional media. It implied that there was something that needed to be fixed to maximize the use of ICT in the classroom. Furthermore, it is recommended that socialization and training sessions are frequently held to upgrade the expertise and skills in teaching English.
Simply Versatile: The Use of Peribacillus simplex in Sustainable Agriculture

Peribacillus simplex is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium derived from a vast range of different origins. Notably, it is part of the plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterial community of many crops. Although members of the Bacillaceae family have been widely used in agriculture, P. simplex has, so far, remained in the shadow of its more famous relatives, e.g., Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus thuringiensis. Recent studies have, however, started to uncover the bacterium’s highly promising and versatile properties, in particular in agricultural and environmental applications. Hence, here, we review the plant-growth-promoting features of P. simplex, as well as its biocontrol activity against a variety of detrimental plant pests in different crops. We further highlight the bacterium’s potential as a bioremediation agent for environmental contaminants, such as metals, pesticide residues, or (crude) oil. Finally, we examine the recent developments in the European regulatory landscape to facilitate the use of microorganisms in plant protection products. Undoubtedly, further studies on P. simplex will reveal additional benefits for agricultural and environmentally friendly applications.
A new global gridded radiosonde temperature data base and recent temperature trends

We present a new analysis of global radiosonde temperature data. From 1979 onwards, the data from the Australasian region have been corrected for instrument‐related discontinuities with the help of comparisons with collocated retrievals from satellite‐based Microwave Sounding Units (MSU) and metadata: in future work, adjustments will be applied worldwide and extended to earlier years. The data are stored as monthly anomalies from a 1971–1990 reference period on a 5° latitude × 10° longitude grid at 8 levels from 50 hPa to 850 hPa. Seasonal and annual temperature anomalies have also been created on a 10° × 20° grid using an eigenvector reconstruction method to filter noise. Latitude‐height profiles of zonal‐mean temperature changes since the 1960s show significant cooling in the lower stratosphere, especially in middle and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, but the cooling over Australasia is less than shown by unadjusted data. Warming dominates the troposphere but is not a maximum in the tropical upper troposphere. In the annual mean, tropospheric warming is greatest around 45°N and possibly in the data‐sparse high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
Potential for Energy Efficiency Improvements to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Thailand’s Industrial Estates

This study aimed to evaluate the potential for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through the implementation of energy-efficient measures that involve the replacement of existing machinery and equipment with high-efficiency alternatives. The study’s scope encompassed all industrial factories situated within the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand’s (IEAT) industrial estates. The study utilized data from the designated factory’s energy management report database, which included information regarding the machinery, equipment, and other relevant data pertinent to the research. The categorization of machinery and equipment systems could be done based on the type of energy consumed, which includes electricity and thermal energy. The potential for increasing energy efficiency could be evaluated for each of these energy systems. The study conducted an initial evaluation based on the available data from the designated factory database with regards to enhancing the efficiency of machinery and equipment. Subsequently, the scale-up concept was applied to evaluate the potential of energy efficiency enhancements for the entire industrial factory. The study findings revealed a total GHG reduction potential of 4.63 MtCO2e, with thermal energy measures accounting for 3.05 MtCO2e (65.83%) and electricity measures accounting for 1.58 MtCO2e (34.17%). Among the various measures, the implementation of insulating measures for thermal equipment in the furnace system showcased the most significant potential for GHG reduction, with a potential reduction of 2.26 MtCO2e, accounting for 48.73% of the total GHG reduction potential. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that a reduction of 1 MtCO2e in GHG emissions could potentially result in a corresponding reduction in energy costs amounting to approximately 8,449–8,889 million baht.
Mineral chemistry of regional chloritoid assemblages in the Chlorite Zone, Lycian Nappes, South-west Turkey

Abstract In the Ören area at the base of the Lycian Nappes, chloritoid is common on a regional scale. Mn and inferred Fe3+ contents are low. Chloritoid + quartz occur rather than the more hydrous equivalent pyrophyllite + chlorite, Fe/(Fe + Mg) values in chlorite ranging down to 0·27. Calcite and dolomite, which coexist with chloritoid and pyrophyllite, give a temperature estimate of 350± 30°C, implying moderate to high activities of water for pyrophyllite stability. Muscovite-paragonite geothermometry is unreliable. Mg/Fe distribution coefficients between chloritoid and chlorite differ systematically from literature values from higher grades (biotite and garnet zones). Intensity of colour in chloritoid correlates with inferred Fe3+ content, which decreases outwards in grains showing prograde growth zoning.
Late Quaternary sea levels and crustal movements, coastal British Columbia

Late Quaternary sea-level fluctuations on the British Columbia coast have been established from studies of terrestrial and marine sediments and landforms. These studies indicate that the sea-level history of mainland British Columbia and eastern Vancouver Island is very different from that of the Queen Charlotte Islands and western Vancouver Island. Specifically, in the former areas, there was a rapid rise of submerged coastal lowlands between about 13 000 and 10 000 years ago. Emergence culminated about 6000–9000 years ago, depending on the locality, when the sea, relative to the land, was 12 m or more lower than at present in some areas. During middle and late Holocene time, relative sea level rose on the mainland coast and at least locally on eastern Vancouver Island, resulting in inundation of coastal archaeological sites and low-lying terrestrial vegetation. Tidal records and precise levelling suggest ongoing submergence of at least part of this region.In contrast, shorelines on the Queen Charlotte I.
Photovoltaic Panel Fault Detection and Diagnosis Based on a Targeted Transformer-Style Model

The number of photovoltaic power plants is increasing rapidly and consequently their stability, efficiency and safety have become more important. In view, it is necessary to regularly detect, diagnose and maintain photovoltaic modules in a timely manner. In this work, a new image classification network based on the MPViT network structure is designed to solve the problem of fault detection and diagnosis of photovoltaic panels using image processing methods. Owing to the similarity between different types of photovoltaic panels an Enhanced Local Self-Attention block (ELSA block) is introduced to improve the learning ability of the model's local features so as to improve the model's ability to differentiate categories. Binary classification and multi-classification experiments are carried out on two datasets namely the photovoltaic module dataset based on infrared imaging (dataset1), and the photovoltaic module dataset based on electroluminescence imaging (dataset2). The M-E model (MPViT model introduced with ELSA block) achieves 94.1<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> and 88.5<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>, 90.7<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> and 86.4<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> accuracy for binary classification and multi-class classification on dataset1 and dataset2 better than MPViT respectively.
The tectono-metamorphic history of the Valaisan domain from the Western to the Central Alps: New constraints on the evolution of the Alps

Petrographic and structural studies on metasedimentary rocks of the Valaisan domain from the Engadine window (Switzerland) to the Petit St. Bernard (France) show that this entire domain was subjected to high pressure–low temperature conditions during the Alpine orogeny. The pressure and temperature conditions increased from east to west. The metasedimentary rocks of the Engadine window and the Grisons area are characterized by blueschist-facies conditions (12–13 kbar, 350–400 °C, defined by Mg-carpholite and chloritoid occurrences). Toward the west, in the Petit St. Bernard and Versoyen units, the metamorphic conditions reached the eclogite facies (15– 16 kbar, 500 °C). The shortening direction associated with the high-pressure metamorphic event was oriented northwest- southeast all over the Valaisan domain. This direction is compatible with the direction of convergence between the European and Apulian plates in early Tertiary time (65–35 Ma). In the Eastern and Central Alps, blueschist-facies rocks occur below the Austroalpine nappes over an area of 300 × 20 km 2 (from the Tauern window to the Grisons area) and have a thickness around 10 km. This volume of blueschist-facies rocks is in contrast with eclogite-facies rocks of Western Alps that form only a small slice with a thickness of 2 to 5 km. We interpret the difference in volume and metamorphic conditions from east to west as being due to a change of the subduction style. In the east, we assume the formation of a large wedge with a thickness of 40–50 km, such that rocks underwent blueschist metamorphism and were exhumed before collision between the European and Apulian plates. In the west, the Petit St. Bernard and the Versoyen units were metamorphosed and extruded in a subduction channel above the subducting slab. The data further allow us to conclude that the Valaisan domain was an ocean that was independent of the Piemontese Ocean and that had an important place in the youngest phase of the evolution of the Alps before the collision.
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND BANKS PERFORMANCE: THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES FROM INDONESIAN ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKS

PurposeThis study examines the influence of intellectual capital (IC) on bank performance measured by ROA, ROE and NIM. MethodologyThis study explores purposive sampling methods. Finannly, 10 Islamic banks and 30 Conventional banks were selected as a sample of this study for the period 2012-2016. FindingsThis study found that IC positively effect on bank performance that measured by ROA, ROE and NIM. In the context of IC dimensions, this study shows that HCE and CEE positively effect on bank performance that measured by ROA, ROE and NIM. Meanwhile, SCE positively affect to bank performance that measured by ROA only. The results of the study are sensitive to samples. For Islamic banks sub sample, this study found that IC positively effect on ROA, but it does not affect to ROE and NIM. HCE positively effect on ROA, but HCE negatively influence on ROE and HCE has no effect on the NIM. SCE negatively effect on ROA and ROE, but SCE has no effect on NIM. CEE Capital has a positive effect on ROA and NIM, but CEE has a negative effect on ROE. For conventional banks, IC has a positive effect on ROA and ROE, but IC does not affect the NIM. HCE and CEE have a positive effect on ROA, ROE and NIM. SCE has a positive effect on ROE, but SCE has a negative effect on the ROA and NIM ConclusionThese findings indicate the optimum intellectual capital will be followed by better bank performance. However, the influencing of IC on bank performance is very susceptible to measurement and the sample.
Anthropogenic CO2 in the Southern Ocean: Distribution and inventory at the Indian‐Atlantic boundary (World Ocean Circulation Experiment line I6)

[1] The Southern Ocean, where various water masses are formed (mode, intermediate, deep, and bottom waters), has a high potential to absorb anthropogenic CO2 (Cant). However, most data-based and model estimates indicate low Cant inventories south of 50°S. In order to investigate this paradox, the distribution of Cant is estimated between South Africa and Antarctica (World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) line I6) based on a back-calculation technique previously used in the North Atlantic (Kortzinger et al., 1998) and adapted here for application in the Southern Ocean. At midlatitudes (30°–50°S), formation and spreading of mode and intermediate waters results in a deep penetration of Cant (down to 2000 m). South of 50°S, significant concentrations of Cant were estimated in Circumpolar Deep Water (>10 μmol/kg) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) (20–25 μmol/kg). Higher concentrations are detected along the continental slope in AABW presumably formed in Prydz Bay compared to AABW of Weddell Sea origin. The distribution of Cant obtained north of 50°S compares well with previous data-based and model estimates, but large disagreements are found in the south. However, although transient tracers are not used in the back-calculation technique employed here, the distribution of Cant is remarkably well correlated with CFCs. We reevaluated the column inventories of Cant for the Southern Ocean and found higher values at high latitudes (70–90 mol/m2) compared to the subtropical/subantarctic region (40–80 mol/m2). These results support the idea that deep and bottom water formation in the Southern Ocean is a key process in the natural sequestration of anthropogenic CO2.