Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Student Pre-University Experiences Toward Commitment to Agriculture

University agricultural programs’ struggle to attract students is leading to a disparity in the number of available jobs in agriculture and the number of qualified applicants to fill these positions. This study sought to garner a unique students’ perspective of ways that universities and specifically agricultural programs can support and encourage them to commit to agricultural degree programs by understanding potential pre-university experiences that influence their decision to commit to agriculture long-term. We reported our findings based on 22 responses from students of two different US universities who filled out the open-ended questionnaire. From the responses, we found that before entering university, students’ farming-related activities and participation in school-based agriculture-related and research programs impacted their future commitment to agricultural degree programs. Moreover, scholarships, practical experience opportunities, and course-related actions at the university level also impacted students’ commitment to agricultural degree programs. We recommend continued research into students’ commitment to a career in agriculture. Additionally, expansion of primary and secondary school agricultural education programs and K-12 students’ participation in 4-H and FFA programs may increase their exposure to agricultural experiences. Providing greater financial assistance and university support to students in agriculture programs may also positively impact students’ commitment to agriculture long-term.
Two-dimensional diagonal-based heterodyne grating interferometer with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and optical subdivision

Abstract. A diagonal-based heterodyne grating interferometer (HGI) for two-dimensional displacement measurement is presented. It can simultaneously realize the high signal contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the specially designed cross grating. Meanwhile, an eightfold optical subdivision can be acquired with the proposed phase decoupling method. The signal contrast of 96.55% and SNR of 50 dB are obtained with laser power of 0.45 mW. Several tests including linear displacement, planar displacement, and stability are conducted in the experiments. The theoretical resolution of 0.125 nm, the short-range repeatability of 2.35 and 3.24 nm under round-trip movement of 10 μm, and the system stability better than ± 4 and ± 6 nm over 10 min are achieved for the X- and Y-directions, respectively. In addition, the measurement errors including geometric, nonlinear, and noncommon-path errors are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the proposed diagonal-based configuration combined with cross gratings is extremely suitable for HGIs, which has the potential to simultaneously improve the performance and practicability of HGIs.
MicroRNA-22 Regulates the Pro-inflammatory Responses and M1 Polarization of Macrophages by Targeting GLUT1 and 4-1BBL

Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are selectively expressed in mammalian immune cells and have been linked to immune responses in host defense and autoimmune disease. In macrophages, miRNAs regulate cell metabolism by repressing the expression of genes such as transcription factors, enzymes, and metabolism-related molecules, as well as the expression of genes that impact inflammatory responses and phenotype determination. Previous studies showed that miR-22 plays a role in a variety of biological processes, such as cancer cell growth, cell survival, and cell expansion. In CD4 + T cells of inflammatory bowel disease patients, miR-22 is upregulated and regulates inflammasome-mediated responses. However, it has not yet been determined how miR-22 contributes to the activation of innate immune cells. In this study, we identified a mechanism of toll-like receptors- (TLR-) dependent miR-22 induction that regulates the downstream signaling pathway linking inflammatory responses and macrophage polarization. MiR-22 is induced via TLR-signaling, which regulates the induction of Slc2a1 (glucose transporter 1 and Glut1) and Tnfsf9 (tumor necrosis factor 9, 4-1BB ligand, and 4-1BBL) mRNAs that contribute to sustained inflammatory responses and the polarization of macrophages. Our observations support further efforts to explore a potential therapeutic strategy using miR-22 for the modulation of excessive macrophage activation for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
The formation of ultra compact dwarf galaxies and massive globular clusters. Quasar-like objects to test for a variable stellar initial mass function

The stellar initial mass function (IMF) has been described as being invariant, bottom-heavy, or top-heavy in extremely dense star-burst conditions. To provide usable observable diagnostics, we calculate redshift dependent spectral energy distributions of stellar populations in extreme star-burst clusters, which are likely to have been the precursors of present day massive globular clusters (GCs) and of ultra compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs). The retention fraction of stellar remnants is taken into account to assess the mass to light ratios of the ageing star-burst. Their redshift dependent photometric properties are calculated as predictions for James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations. While the present day GCs and UCDs are largely degenerate concerning bottom-heavy or top-heavy IMFs, a metallicity- and density-dependent top-heavy IMF implies the most massive UCDs, at ages < 100 Myr, to appear as objects with quasar-like luminosities with a 0.1−10% variability on a monthly timescale due to core collapse supernovae.
Extreme Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy of the Flaring Solar Chromosphere

The extreme ultraviolet portion of the solar spectrum contains a wealth of diagnostic tools for probing the lower solar atmosphere in response to an injection of energy, particularly during the impulsive phase of solar flares. These include temperature and density sensitive line ratios, Doppler shifted emission lines and nonthermal broadening, abundance measurements, differential emission measure profiles, and continuum temperatures and energetics, among others. In this paper I shall review some of the advances made in recent years using these techniques, focusing primarily on studies that have utilized data from Hinode/EIS and SDO/EVE, while also providing some historical background and a summary of future spectroscopic instrumentation.
Computational fluid dynamics based shape optimization of airfoil geometry for an H-rotor using a genetic algorithm

ABSTRACT Wind energy is continuously growing in importance owing to increasingly strict environmental regulations. Although Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) are the most popular, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines, especially H-Darrieus turbines, are gaining interest owing to their numerous advantages and lower cost. To remain competitive, the industry is increasingly considering the optimization of wind turbines. The present work therefore considers the optimization of an H-Darrieus wind turbine using a genetic algorithm, owing to its robustness; the airfoil shape is varied to maximize the energy output at the optimal tip-speed ratio using detailed unsteady, turbulent, computational fluid dynamics simulations relying on the commercial tool StarCCM+. Following a description of the analysed rotor, automation and validation, the optimization is carried out with the k–ω SST turbulence model. Nearly 900 configurations are evaluated. Thanks to the analysis, a configuration is identified that provides considerably improved performance for all tip-speed ratios.
Corporation income taxation impact on unemployment rate: VAR model approach

Corporate income tax is an important tax for the state to regulate budget revenue and is an important tool for encouraging and promoting production and business development to create jobs. This study investigated the relationship and impact between corporate income tax and unemployment in Vietnam, China, and South Africa to investigate whether higher corporate income tax contributes to higher unemployment. Data on corporate taxation and unemployment rates from 2000 to 2020 are collected, and the VAR model, cointegration, and impulse response tests were applied to estimate the impact of taxation on the unemployment rates of developed, developing, and underdeveloped countries. The corporate tax and unemployment rates have a close relationship: South Africa, China, and Vietnam correspond to 82%, 54.3%, and 47%, and the majority of the model’s variables for the three countries are non-stationary at lag I(0), with the exception of the variable for China’s unemployment rate, which demonstrates that the probabilities of the model’s variables for Vietnam and South Africa are greater than the alpha of 0.05 and are, respectively, 0.6193, 0.7299, 0.3421, and 0.6347. Thus, variables have a lag after year, in this case, assuming that other factors remain unchanged if the corporate tax rate decreases by 1%, South Africa’s unemployment rate decreases by 10%. Similarly, Vietnam’s unemployment rate decreased by 1.1%, but China’s unemployment increased by 2.9%. The suggestion is that the government adjusts tax laws to better match micromanagement and regulate and balance the relationship between taxes and unemployment.
Adomian decomposition method for solving two-dimensional nonlinear Volterra fuzzy integral equations

A numerical method for solving two-dimensional nonlinear Volterra fuzzy integral equation (2D-NVFIE) of the second kind will is introduced. We convert a nonlinear Volterra fuzzy integral equation to a nonlinear system of Volterra integral equation in crisp case. We use Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) to find the approximate solution of this system and hence obtain an approximation for fuzzy solution of the nonlinear Volterra fuzzy integral equation. Also, the existence and uniqueness of the solution and convergence of the proposed method are proved. Some numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed technique.A numerical method for solving two-dimensional nonlinear Volterra fuzzy integral equation (2D-NVFIE) of the second kind will is introduced. We convert a nonlinear Volterra fuzzy integral equation to a nonlinear system of Volterra integral equation in crisp case. We use Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) to find the approximate solution of this system and hence obtain an approximation for fuzzy solution of the nonlinear Volterra fuzzy integral equation. Also, the existence and uniqueness of the solution and convergence of the proposed method are proved. Some numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed technique.
Exploration moving beyond medical facility walls: opportunities, challenges and attitudes of midwives towards planned homebirth: a qualitative study

Background: The establishment of Saudi Vision 2030 has led to a shift from obstetric care to midwifery-led care in maternity care, giving rise to planned home birth (PHB). This study may enable midwives to carry out PHB and achieve the goals of the Saudi health vision. The general aim is to explore Saudi midwives’ attitudes towards the PHB, opportunities and challenges associated with PHB implementation in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We employed a qualitative study design and conducted interviews using open-ended questions with 19 Saudi midwives recruited from thirteen health regions. Thematic analysis was manually performed to analyze the qualitative data. Results: Thematic analysis revealed seven major themes: midwives as care providers in PHB, health institutions, academic institutions, national policy for PHB, Women’s health status, socio-economic and physical environment suitability, and maternal and neonatal health outcomes. However, Saudi midwives would exhibit a favorable attitude towards PHB if decision-makers from the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education addressed the challenges and promoted opportunities for providers, organizations, and the population. Conclusion: The findings of the thematic analysis shed light on several positive aspects, including job opportunities and high financial incomes for midwives. However, they also revealed challenges such as a shortage of midwifery staff, a scarcity of midwifery academic programs, and an ineffective administrative support system for midwives. Integrating both sets of findings enhances the understanding of the challenges and opportunities of planned home birth in Saudi Arabia from various perspectives, capturing the breadth and depth of the obtained data.
What Are the Implications of COVID-19 on Breastfeeding? A Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence Studies

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding until six months of life is the ideal way to feed infants. However, there is a significant number of infants who have never breastfed, despite the beneficial properties of breastfeeding. On the other hand, the coronavirus outbreak had significant effects on people’s health, both mentally and physically, and has also impacted the breastfeeding process. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the implication of COVID-19 on breastfeeding through qualitative data from databases. Methods: We searched online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO) for studies published from 2019 to 2023. ‘Out of the 2598 papers we found, only 12 were included in the review’. More specifically, from the 1558 papers remaining from the title and abstract evaluation as well as duplicates, a further 1546 papers belonging to our exclusion criteria were removed (all types of reviews, letters to editors, and quantitative articles). Results: Our results covered three subjects: breastfeeding support during the pandemic, effects of social containment measures on breastfeeding, and additional outcomes regarding breastfeeding. Most voices found the effects of the pandemic on breastfeeding beneficial, with reduced professional support and a high degree of support from the environment. Additional negative factors were observed, as well as consequences of the pandemic in women’s lives. Conclusions: COVID-19 was the occasion to understand the power of the supportive environment of the woman, especially the partner, in establishing and maintaining breastfeeding. Therefore, policy makers and health professionals, especially midwives, should implement family-centered breastfeeding strategies that are more supportive of the partner role, providing problem counseling when and where deemed necessary.
An Approach to Modelling Flash-Boiling Fuel Sprays for Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines

Flash-boiling is a phenomenon which occurs when a liquid is discharged into an environment with an ambient pressure below the saturation pressure of the liquid. The present computational work provides an approach to modelling flash-boiling fuel sprays using the Lagrangian particle tracking technique. An atomization model based on heterogeneous nucleation inside the nozzle is implemented as a boundary condition at the nozzle exit and alongside a superheat evaporation model for the emerging spray droplets. The near-nozzle dense spray region of flash-boiling sprays is also investigated by consideration to the initial spray plume cone angle. The model was able to predict important flash-boiling phenomenon such as spray collapse and droplet recirculation automatically, validated against experimental data.
Confinement of laser plasma expansion with strong external magnetic field

The evolutions of laser ablation plasma, expanding in strong (∼10 T) transverse external magnetic field, were investigated in experiments and simulations. The experimental results show that the magnetic field pressure causes the plasma decelerate and accumulate at the plasma-field interface, and then form a low-density plasma bubble. The saturation size of the plasma bubble has a scaling law on laser energy and magnetic field intensity. Magnetohydrodynamic simulation results support the observation and find that the scaling law (Vmax ∝ Ep/B2, where Vmax is the maximum volume of the plasma bubble, Ep is the absorbed laser energy, and B is the magnetic field intensity) is effective in a broad laser energy range from several joules to kilo-joules, since the plasma is always in the state of magnetic field frozen while expanding. About 15% absorbed laser energy converts into magnetic field energy stored in compressed and curved magnetic field lines. The duration that the plasma bubble comes to maximum size has another scaling law tmax ∝ Ep1/2/B2. The plasma expanding dynamics in external magnetic field have a similar character with that in underdense gas, which indicates that the external magnetic field may be a feasible approach to replace the gas filled in hohlraum to suppress the wall plasma expansion and mitigate the stimulated scattering process in indirect drive ignition.
Evaluation of the Runoff and River Routing Schemes in the Community Land Model of the Yellow River Basin

Runoff and river routing schemes play important roles in land surface models (LSMs) because they regulate the soil moisture, heat flux, and vegetation dynamics of land surface processes and account for the carbon and nutrient transport in river channels. However, these schemes are often simplistic and conceptual. Hence, in this study, we focused on (1) evaluating these schemes in the Community Land Model (CLM) and (2) altering the model representations using physically based schemes based on a study of the Yellow River basin. For runoff simulation, CLM exhibits limitations in water‐limited areas, especially areas with aridity index values greater than 2. Additionally, CLM greatly overestimates runoff, and produces negative Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients, few quick flow variations, high quick flow index values, and large root mean square errors of total water storage. These issues were greatly improved by implementing schemes of physically based overland flow, lateral soil water flow, and interchange between groundwater and river water. Furthermore, for the river routing scheme, the use of 1‐D kinematic wave routing improved previously unrealistic aspects of the flood hydrographs (e.g., incorrect flood peak values and times) of the original CLM. Moreover, compared with using the grid element‐based river routing approach in CLM, the computational costs were reduced by up to 45% by implementing the flow interval element method. Finally, our results indicate that parameter calibration in CLM minimally improved the simulation performance in water‐limited areas, while physically based schemes generated better results.
Sticky Leverage: Comment

We revisit the role of long-term nominal corporate debt for the transmission of inflation shocks in the general equilibrium model of Gomes, Jermann, and Schmid (2016, henceforth GJS). We show that inaccuracies in the model solution and calibration strategy lead GJS to a model equilibrium in which nominal long-term debt is systematically mispriced. As a result, the quantitative importance of corporate leverage in the transmission of inflation shocks to real activity in their framework is 6 times larger than what arises under the rational expectations equilibrium.
SST2 and NT-proBNP biomarkers in prediction of COVID-19

Background. COVID-19 may cause or worsen cardiac dysfunction and patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, including heart failure (HF), who have an increased risk of severe and fatal outcomes of COVID-19. The study aimed to determine the role of soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 protein (sST2) and natriuretic peptide test (NT-proBNP) in predicting the severe course and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 and hypertension. Materials and methods. One hundred and fifteen patients with COVID-19 and hypertension were examined. The determination of sST2 and NT-proBNP in blood serum were done using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical endpoint was assessed during the hospitalization period (death, hospitalization in the intensive care unit, prolonged hospitalization). The risk of the final event development was calculated for the patients who reached the threshold sST2 concentrations, and, separately, based on the diagnostic values of the NT-proBNP. Results. The cut-off values of sST2 recommended for the diagnosis of HF in our study were reached in 7 (28 %) cases. The risk of final clinical points development in these patients was as follows: OR = 10.67; 95% CI: 1.31–86.9; p = 0.0270. The level of NT-proBNP, which meets the criteria for the diagnosis of HF, was constant in only 10 (11.1 %) individuals (p = 0.0461) and the risk of clinical events developing was equal to OR = 7.0; 95% CI: 1.72–28.6; p = 0.0067. Conclusions. Stratification of patients based on sST2 values, in addition to NT-proBNP parameters, may provide further prognostic value compared to NT-proBNP levels in patients with COVID-19 and HF.
The granular monoclinal wave

We study granular chute flow using the classic Saint-Venant approach, with the shear stresses within the granular sheet being incorporated via a friction law due to Pouliquen & Forterre (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 453, 2002, pp. 113–151) and with the in-plane stresses (which are ignored in the traditional formulation for normal fluids) being represented by a viscous-like term recently derived by Gray & Edwards (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 755, 2014, pp. 503–534). On the basis of this model, we predict that the granular sheet is able to sustain monoclinal waves, i.e. travelling shock structures that monotonically connect a thick region of uniform flow to a thinner one. We examine the balance of forces that determine the shape of this particular waveform and give the precise window of system parameters for which monoclinal waves are expected to appear in experiments.
q-Neighbor Ising model on random networks

A modified kinetic Ising model with Metropolis dynamics, so-called [Formula: see text]-neighbor Ising model, is investigated on random graphs. In this model, each spin interacts only with [Formula: see text] spins randomly chosen from its neighborhood. Investigations are performed by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and the analytic pair approximation (PA). The range of parameters such as the size of the [Formula: see text]-neighborhood and the mean degree of nodes of the random graph is determined for which the model exhibits continuous or discontinuous ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition with decreasing temperature. It is also shown that, in the case of discontinuous transition for large enough and fixed mean degree of nodes, the width of the hysteresis loop oscillates with the parameter [Formula: see text], expanding for even and shrinking for odd values of [Formula: see text]. Predictions of the PA show satisfactory quantitative agreement with results of MC simulations.
Appraising the nexus between counterproductive work behaviours and organisational efficiency: The way forward

Purpose: The study examines the relationship between organisational efficiency and counterproductive work behaviour. The aim was to uncover research-based methods to mitigate the surge of counterproductive work behaviour in the telecommunications industry. Design/method/approach: The study had a quantitative approach and the survey design was employed in the study. Data collection was done via the distribution of questionnaire copies to six hundred employees of the telecommunications industry, and five hundred and twelve copies were retrieved and analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings: The study reveals that organisation efficiency does