Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economic Geography, Forest Distribution, and Woodpecker Diversity in Central Europe

To understand the complex mechanisms behind the recent biodiversity decline, it is necessary to complement traditional biological and ecological studies with studies of the economic, historic, and social contexts related to biodiversity loss. We used the completeness of the woodpecker guild as a biodiversity indicator to test the hypothesis that forest biodiversity in Europe is inversely related to the degree of urban‐economic development. We related woodpecker diversity to several socioeconomic indices in 20 central European countries where the basic physiogeographic conditions are similar. As predicted, woodpecker diversity was low in highly developed countries with a long history of intensive land use, whereas in less‐developed, peripheral countries, the woodpecker diversity was much higher and no species had been lost. The negative correlation between the degree of urbanization and woodpecker diversity was interpreted as a causal link between neotechnological landscape degradation and the decline of biodiversity. We discuss, and reject, alternative hypotheses related to the slow postglacial dispersal of species and climatic differences between western and eastern Europe that might explain the observed pattern of woodpecker diversity. The relative importance of particular woodpecker species for the level of woodpecker diversity shows that species depending on naturally dynamic temperate forests are particularly sensitive to anthropogenic changes. Finally, we stress the importance of holistic studies on biodiversity, including ecological, geographical, and social issues, and we encourage specialists and practitioners from different disciplines to examine the European east‐west gradient to learn how to avoid the same biodiversity loss in the East that has afflicted the West.
Reciprocating Coach-Athlete Relationship Model (R-CARM): Trustworthiness for a Useful Tool

Coach-athlete relationships are the fundamental fabric thatbinds a team together, impacts performance and athletebehavior in order to succeed in the competitive environment.Numerous authors suggest that an effective coachathleterelationship is necessary for a successful outcome(Lafreniere, Jowett, Vallerand, & Carbonneau, 2011 Shields,Gardner, Bredemeier, & Bostro, 1997) and it is conceivablethat the key to a successful coach-athlete relationshipis the development of human relationships by the coaches(Jowett & Cockerill, 2003; Philippe et al., 2011). Therefore“the most important encounter (in sport) may be theone between the athlete and their coach” (Ayer, 2015, p.28). This relationship is dynamically unique and complex,it can vary in both depth and quality, and is one that simultaneouslyinfluences and is influenced by a number ofvariables and contexts (Ayer, 2015; Allen & Eby, 2012;Jowett & Poczwardowski, 2007). Broadly the coach-athleterelationship is defined as a situation in which two individual’s(coach and athlete) feelings, thoughts, and behaviorsare mutually and causally interdependent (Jowett & Meek,2000). Research has shown that the athletes’ perceptions oftheir coaches’ behaviors have an impact on academics, performance,actions, leadership, morals, and beliefs (Horn,Bloom, Berglund, & Packard, 2011; Jowett & Cockerill,2003;); plausibly, athletes can be manipulated by the coachathleterelationship (Felton & Jowett, 2013; Philippe, Sagar,Huguet, Paquet, & Jowett, 2011).
Arumberia and other Ediacaran–Cambrian fossils of central Australia

ABSTRACT Problematic fossils are described from Late Ediacaran to Early Cambrian red sandstones of the Arumbera Sandstone, Grant Bluff, and Central Mount Stuart Formations in central Australia, within a new systematic classification of Vendobionta. Arumberia banksi has been one of the most problematic of Ediacaran fossils, at first considered a fossil and then a sedimentary or organo-sedimentary structure. Our re-examination of the type material and collection of new material reveals misconceptions about its topology: it was a recessive fossil on the bed top, protruding down from the counterpart overlying slab. The concave-up body was 3 mm thick and chambered above a diffuse lower surface, so not a sedimentary structure. Also re-evaluated is the discoid fossil Hallidaya brueri, here including “Skinnera brooksi’ as its upper surface. A new species (Noffkarkys storaaslii gen. et sp. nov.) is a multilobed frond with regular, fine, trapezoidal quilts. Three new records of Trepassia wardae, Dickinsonia costata, and Ernietta plateauensis are reported from the Arumbera and Grant Bluff Formations. Reevaluation of palaeomagnetic and biostratigraphic data suggest an hiatus of 26 million years at the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary within the Arumbera Formation, but some of this missing time is filled by the Grant Bluff and Central Mount Stuart Formations.
The Guimi Holidays of Young Chinese Women: Evidence from Cyber Communities

ABSTRACT The phrase ‘guimi holiday’ usually refers to shared travel among female best friends. This study provides insight into guimi holiday (闺蜜游) experiences among young Chinese women. These women were mainly born in China between the 1980s and 2000s, reared under the one-child policy. Aided partly by the diffusion of the internet and guimi-related TV shows and movies, the guimi holiday has flourished in China. For this study, a qualitative methodology was employed to analyze travel blogs of guimi holidays from popular Chinese online travel communities, which revealed several elements of this holiday experience: the guimi style of bonding, pursuing ‘me and my’ authentic time, and social support. This paper concludes with some implications and recommendations for the marketing of the guimi holiday experience in the tourism industry.
Impact of the choice of risk assessment time horizons on defined benefit pension schemes

Abstract We examine the impact of asset allocation and contribution rates on the risk of defined benefit (DB) pension schemes, using both a run-off and a shorter 3-year time horizon. Using the 3-year horizon, which is typically preferred by regulators, a high bond allocation reduces the spread of the distribution of surplus. However, this result is reversed when examined on a run-off basis. Furthermore, under both the 3-year horizon and the run-off, the higher bond allocation reduces the median level of surplus. Pressure on the affordability of DB schemes has led to widespread implementation of the so-called de-risking strategies, such as moving away from predominantly equity investments to greater bond investments. If the incentives produced by shorter term risk assessments are contributing to this shift, they might be harming the long-term financial health of the schemes. Contribution rates have relatively lower impact on the risk.
Lichens from the Hudson Bay Lowlands: northeastern coastal regions of Wapusk National Park in Manitoba

Lichens are an important component of most terrestrial ecosystems including the subarctic tundra. A narrow band of raised calcareous beach ridges on the Hudson Bay Lowlands supports subarctic tundra alternating with incipient wetlands. This is the first extensive study of lichens on these beach ridges providing valuable noteworthy additions to the flora of Manitoba and baseline data for a developing national park. This study reports 134 species of lichens and seven habitats containing lichen communities; three of the lichens are new reports for Manitoba. Trends in the data were explored among 932 specimens (134 species) and three characters, method of reproduction, growth form, and substratum. The sexually reproducing crustose lichens were found mainly in exposed microenvironments such as on rocks and driftwood. The vegetatively reproducing fruticose lichens grew in the more stable microenvironments such as among moss on the ground. The sexually and vegetatively reproducing foliose lichens, occurring in a.
The Propagation of Landslide-Generated Impulse Waves and Their Impacts on the Moored Ships: An Experimental Investigation

The effective prevention and reduction of the hazardous impact of landslide-generated impulse waves on the moored ships are crucial for the sustainable operation of the reservoirs. Although the investigations of landslide-generated impulse waves have been widely studied in the past decades, few efforts involved their impacts on the moored ships. The authors in this paper specifically examine the hazardous impact of the impulse waves on the moored ships by applying the physical experiments. Considering that the impulse wave was an external force acting on the mooring line, the impulse wave generation, propagation, and its impact on the moored ships are hence explored in detail. The results indicate that the impact of impulse waves on the moored ships was mainly due to the first wave amplitude and height, and an exponential function relationship between the relative wave height and wave crest amplitude was revealed. Furthermore, the attenuation of the maximum wave crest amplitude was approximated by a power exponential function. On this basis, the mooring tension could be calculated based on the linear relationship between the mooring tension and wave height. Ultimately, the safety of the moored ships in the port can be evaluated.
Beneficial effect of supplementing an artificial diet for Amblyseius swirskii with Hermetia illucens haemolymph

Artificial diets have been developed to sustain the mass rearing of a wide range of arthropod natural enemies, with varying success. In some cases, such diets can be optimized using insect‐derived materials, such as haemolymph. In this study, we examined the effect of supplementing haemolymph of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, to a basic artificial diet for the phytoseiid mite Amblyseius swirskii. The survival, development and reproduction of the predatory mite were assessed when fed on artificial diets composed of honey, sucrose, tryptone, yeast extract and egg yolk, supplemented with 5%, 10%, or 20% of H. illucens pre‐pupal haemolymph. Developmental time from larva to adult was shorter for males and females offered artificial diets supplemented with 20% haemolymph vs. the basic diet. The oviposition rate and total fecundity of females reared on the basic diet were substantially lower than those of females supplied with the enriched diets. The intrinsic rate of increase was highest on the diet containing 20% haemolymph, followed by those containing 10% and 5% haemolymph. In a subsequent diet‐switching experiment, mites fed on the basic diet in their juvenile stages were switched upon adulthood to diet enriched with different concentrations of H. illucens haemolymph. The females that were fed with the enriched diets from the adult stage on had higher oviposition rates and fecundities than those maintained on the basic diet, but their reproductive parameters were not significantly affected by the concentration of the haemolymph in the artificial diet. In conclusion, supplementing artificial diets with black soldier fly haemolymph significantly improved their nutritional value for A. swirskii. Our findings indicate the potential of using H. illucens as a cheap source for haemolymph in artificial diets, as the fly can be cost‐effectively produced at a large scale on organic waste materials.
Pagrus pagrus or Pagellus erythrinus larvae?

A preliminary ontogenetic series of common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) larvae is presented showing that larvae of this species possess an occipital crest from 4 to 16 mm total length. Such a trait has been described as a diagnostic character of the larvae of another sparid fish, namely Pagrus pagrus, and has been erroneously considered as being absent in all other Sparidae species. This caused confusion and erratic identifications of the two species of larvae in Mediterranean ichthyoplankton investigations.
Flow cytometric analysis of the cadmium-exposed green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae)

A flow-cytometric method was developed and evaluated as a rapid ecotoxicological tool using cultures of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae) under cadmium exposure. Three staining protocols were developed to assess the toxicological impact of this trace metal on algal physiology. Algal cells were exposed to total nominal cadmium concentrations of 5 and 100 µM. After 48 and 72 h exposure the fluorescent probes, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR123) and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), were used to assess esterase activity, presence of reactive oxygen species and membrane potential, respectively. Results indicated that cell size, cell granularity and internal complexity were influenced by cadmium, confirming earlier findings on ultrastructural changes in microalgae exposed to trace metals. An increase was observed in the percentage of DHR123 positive cells as well as in their mean fluorescence intensity, on increasing cadmium concentration, confirming that this metal exerts its toxicity through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, cadmium exposure resulted in an increase in esterase activity, as reflected in fluorescein fluorescence. We suggest this observation was linked to possible detoxification activity and defence mechanisms. Measurements of control samples during protocol optimization for TMRM proved not to be reproducible, leading us to defer any judgment on results of exposed samples and to conclude that TMRM does not seem suitable for flow cytometric use in algae. Our results demonstrate that although very rarely used in ecotoxicology, flow cytometry is a quick and convenient technique to assess toxic effects that can generate mechanistic information on the mode of action of contaminants.
CHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF PHOTONS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTROLLING RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER

In conventional photon-based heat transfer, one typically assumes that the chemical potential of photons is zero. On the other hand, when a semiconductor is under external biases, the photons with energy above the semiconductor bandgap can exhibit a nonzero chemical potential that is proportional to the applied voltage. The presence of such nonzero chemical potential points to the abilities to drastically enhance the power density of photon-based heat ﬂow, to electronically control photon-based heat transfer, and to construct photon-based heat engines for energy harvesting and solid-state cooling. In this review, we discuss basic concepts and applications of chemical potential of photons in controlling radiative heat transfer.
Participatory Evaluation of Residue Management Effects of Green Manure Legumes on Maize Yield in the Central Kenya Highlands

ABSTRACT An on-farm study to evaluate three methods of applying legume residues in maize-based cropping systems in the central Kenya highlands was initiated in 1997 and conducted for three years. The legumes involved in the study were velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC) and crotalaria (Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don), which were planted between maize (Zea mays L.) rows, two weeks after planting maize. The legumes were left growing in the field after maize harvest, until land preparation for the next maize crop. The legume forage was harvested and was either incorporated into the soil, left on the surface as mulch, or removed from the field before planting maize. The first cropping season when green manure legumes were establishing, maize grain yields were depressed by an average of 33% compared to the non legume control treatment. The legume treatments increased maize grain yields from a mean of 1.0 t ha−1 in the controls to a mean of 1.6 t ha−1 during the 1998 and 1999 long rains cropping seasons. Over the two cropping seasons, incorporation of legume residue into the soil gave a higher maize yield (2.1t ha−1) compared to leaving the legume biomass on the surface as mulch (1.4t ha−1). The effects of below-ground biomass on maize yields were minimal. The legume treatments did not significantly affect soil N, P, K, and organic carbon. During the study, farmers were able to identify characteristics of suitable green manure legumes and also identify possible niches for green manure legume technologies.
The lateral extent of the subsidy from an upland stream to riparian lycosid spiders

Briers, R. A, Cariss, H. M. , Geoghegan, R. , Gee, J. H. R. (2005). The lateral extent of the subsidy from an upland stream to riparian lycosid spiders. Ecography, 28, (2), 165-170. Sponsorship: UK Natural Environment Research Council, grant GR3/12114
Understanding Location Decisions of Energy Multinational Enterprises within the European Smart Cities’ Context: An Integrated AHP and Extended Fuzzy Linguistic TOPSIS Method

Becoming a smart city is one of the top priorities in the urban agenda of many European cities. Among the various strategies in the transition path, local governments seek to bring innovation to their cities by encouraging multinational enterprises to deploy their green energy services and products in their municipalities. Knowing how to attract these enterprises implies that political leaders understand the multi-criteria decision problem that the energy sector enterprises face when deciding whether to expand to one city or another. To this end, the purpose of this study is to design a new manageable and controllable framework oriented to European cities’ public managers, based on the assessment of criteria and sub-criteria governing the strategic location decision made by these enterprises. A decision support framework is developed based on the AHP technique combined with an extended version of the hesitant fuzzy linguistic TOPSIS method. The main results indicate the higher relative importance of government policies, such as degree of transparency or bureaucracy level, as compared to market conditions or economic aspects of the city’s host country. These results can be great assets to current European leaders, they show the feasibility of the method and open up the possibility to replicate the proposed framework to other sectors or geographical areas.
Barriers to tree seedling emergence on human-induced grasslands in Sri Lanka

Summary 1. Colonization by woody plants is often very slow or absent on grasslands occupying degraded land in the tropics. Seed dispersal limitation is widely reported, but the constraints to forest succession imposed by barriers to seedling establishment are poorly understood. We tested the hypotheses that seedling emergence of woody plants is limited by interactions of anthropogenic fire, vertebrate herbivory and competition with the dominant grass sward in human-induced montane grasslands in Sri Lanka. 2. Seedling emergence was determined fortnightly for 18 months in response to experimental manipulation of fire regimes, access by vertebrate herbivores and competition from the dominant grass canopy at the forest/grassland edge and at 10, 20 and 40 m from the edge into four blocks of grassland. Seedling emergence was also monitored in the absence of any experimental manipulation at 10, 20 and 40 m into adjacent blocks of lower montane rainforest. 3. Emergence of seedlings of woody plants was much lower in the grassland (mean <0·1 seedlings m−2 year−1) than in natural forest patches (mean 6·0 seedlings m−2 year−1), but was maximal at the forest/grassland edge (mean 9·5 m−2 year−1). In the grassland, fire reduced seedling emergence by 36% in fenced vertebrate exclosures but increased seedling emergence by 68% in unfenced plots. Exclusion of vertebrate herbivores had no impact on seedling emergence at the forest/grassland edge. Removal of the grass canopy by clipping or tilling increased seedling emergence at the edge, but had no effect in the grassland. Seedlings of the woody pioneer species Macaranga indica dominated the community of emergents in the grassland and at the edge. 4. Synthesis and applications. Although dispersal limitation represents the primary constraint to forest succession on degraded montane grasslands in Sri Lanka, management of fire regimes, vertebrate herbivory and competition from the dominant grasses would influence the abundance and composition of tree seedling emergents. Tilling in narrow strips, 2–5 m wide and within 10 m of the forest edge, would facilitate the emergence and establishment of early successional trees in the grassland, but the strips would require protection from fire for at least 2 years. Within the interior of grassland patches, a combination of controlled burning and short-term access to vertebrate dispersers would promote tree seedling emergence, but the burned patches would then require long-term protection from fire and grazing subsequently to allow the emergents to establish and catalyse forest succession.
Heat Flow Evidence for Hydrothermal Circulation in Oceanic Crust Offshore Grays Harbor, Washington

We report 30 new conductive heat flow measurements collected on the Juan de Fuca plate, offshore of Grays Harbor, Washington, just seaward of the deformation front. The data were collected along Cascadia Open‐Access Seismic Transect Lines 4 and 5. A prominent basement high associated with a rift propagation pseudofault is imaged near the western end of Line 4. Lithospheric conductive cooling models, for 9 Ma oceanic crust, predict that heat flow should be ~175 mW m−2. Just seaward of the deformation front heat flow values corrected for the impact of sedimentation are ~200 mW m−2 and rapidly rise to a value of ~750 mW m−2 over the basement high. We find that (1) hydrothermal circulation redistributes heat in the Juan de Fuca plate offshore Grays Harbor, (2) heat in addition to the basal heat flux is required to fit the data, and (3) this heat likely results from a combination of fluid flow associated from ongoing hydrothermal circulation within the subducted oceanic crust and possibly with the pseudofault. Our data and modeling support previous inferences that hydrothermal circulation within the subducting oceanic crust plays an important control on plate interface temperatures.
Moose–habitat relationships: integrating local Cree native knowledge and scientific findings in northern Quebec

Participation of aboriginal people in Canadian forestry is a requirement of sustainable management. We proposed a culturally adapted process to integrate Cree and scientific knowledge in Eeyou Istchee (northern Quebec) that could contribute to a better mutual understanding between Cree and non-Cree, and eventually favour the social acceptability of forest management strategies. We studied moose (Alces alces L.), the Cree featured species and the main forestry issue for the past 40 years. Cree and non-Cree have culturally differing visions for the management of moose habitat. In a previous article, we documented Cree knowledge about moose–habitat relationships. Here, we evaluated some hypotheses built from Cree knowledge by studying the behaviour of moose equipped with GPS collars. In general, results from our habitat use and selection analyses agreed with Cree observations and improved our understanding of moose–habitat relationships in northern Quebec. We jointly demonstrated the importance of mature mix.
The chloroplast genome of the pincushion cactus Mammilllaria haageana subsp. san-angelensis, a Mexican endangered species

Abstract The genus Mammillaria occupies diverse habitats and exhibits diverse growth patterns and a large range of morphologies. Most of the species of this genus are used as ornamental plants and are subject to mass habitat loss. Due to these factors, they are being submitted to selective pressure that might affect conservational efforts and management plans. We obtained the 133 gene chloroplast genome as part of the project of sequencing the complete genome of pincushion cactus, including 88 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree indicates the pincushion cactus is a sister species of M. supertexta and M. huitzilopochtli.