Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Generative Modeling on Limited Data with Regularization by Nontransferable Pre-trained Models

Deep generative models (DGMs) are data-eager because learning a complex model on limited data suffers from a large variance and easily overfits. Inspired by the classical perspective of the bias-variance tradeoff, we propose regularized deep generative model (Reg-DGM), which leverages a nontransferable pre-trained model to reduce the variance of generative modeling with limited data. Formally, Reg-DGM optimizes a weighted sum of a certain divergence and the expectation of an energy function, where the divergence is between the data and the model distributions, and the energy function is defined by the pre-trained model w.r. t. the model distribution. We analyze a simple yet representative Gaussian-fitting case to demonstrate how the weighting hyperparameter trades off the bias and the variance. Theoretically, we characterize the existence and the uniqueness of the global minimum of Reg-DGM in a non-parametric setting and prove its convergence with neural networks trained by gradient-based methods. Empirically, with various pre-trained feature extractors and a data-dependent energy function, Reg-DGM consistently improves the generation performance of strong DGMs with limited data and achieves competitive results to the state-of-the-art methods. Our implementation is available at https://github.com/ML-GSAI/Reg-ADA-APA.
Explaining Ontology-Mediated Query Answers using Proofs over Universal Models (Technical Report)

In ontology-mediated query answering, access to incomplete data sources is mediated by a conceptual layer constituted by an ontology, which can be formulated in a description logic (DL) or using existential rules. In the literature, there exists a multitude of complex techniques for incorporating ontological knowledge into queries. However, few of these approaches were designed for explainability of the query answers. We tackle this challenge by adapting an existing proof framework toward conjunctive query answering, based on the notion of universal models. We investigate the data and combined complexity of determining the existence of a proof below a given quality threshold, which can be measured in different ways. By distinguishing various parameters such as the shape of the query, we obtain an overview of the complexity of this problem for several Horn DLs.
A General Model for Pointing Error of High Frequency Directional Antennas

This paper focuses on providing an analytical framework for the quantification and evaluation of the pointing error for a general case at high-frequency millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) communication links. For this aim, we first derive the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of the pointing error between an unstable transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx), that have different antenna patterns and for which the vibrations are not similar in the Yaw and Pitch directions. The special case where the Tx and Rx are both equipped with uniform linear array antenna is also investigated. In addition, using $\alpha -\mu $ distribution, which is a valid model for small-scale fading of mmWave/THz links, the end-to-end PDF and CDF of the considered channel is derived for all the considered cases. Finally, by employing Monte-Carlo simulations, the accuracy of the analytical expressions is verified and the performance of the system is studied.
A Liquidity Premium for Time-Inconsistent Depositors?

Our equilibrium model determines the liquidity premium offered by a monopolistic bank to a pool of depositors made up of time-consistent and timeinconsistent agents. Time-consistent depositors demand compensation for illiquidity, whereas time-inconsistent ones are willing to forgo interest on illiquid savings accounts to discipline their future selves. The model delivers both pooling and separating equilibria. In the pooling equilibrium, which is more likely when the market is dominated by time-consistent agents, time-inconsistent depositors obtain a higher-than-demanded liquidity premium. This key result is consistent with stylized facts from Bangladesh. We discuss the consequences of our findings from a regulatory perspective.
Decomposition of spaces with geodesics contained in compact flats

We prove a decomposition result for analytic spaces all of whose geodesics are contained in compact flats. Namely, we prove that a Riemannian manifold is such a space if and only if it admits a (finite) cover which splits as the product of a flat torus with simply connected factors which are either symmetric (of the compact type) or spaces of closed geodesics.
Irregular sets and central limit theorems

In previous papers we have studied the asymptotic behaviour of SN(A; X)= (2N + 1)-d/2'neANXn, where X is a centred, stationary and weakly dependent random field, and AN = A A[-N, N]d, A C Zd. This leads to the definition of asymptotically measurable sets, which enjoy the property that SN(A; X) has a (Gaussian) weak limit for any X belonging to a certain class. We present here an application of this technique. Consider a regression model Xn = p(? n, Yn), nE 7d, where X,, is centred, T satisfies certain regularity conditions, and " and Y are independent random fields; for any m e C , and (YI,., ym) the central limit theorem holds for ((p(? , y0),. , (, ym)), but Y satisfies only the strong law of large numbers as it applies to (Y,, Ymn-)mEZd, for any n EZd. Under these conditions, it is shown that the central limit theorem holds for X.
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2016), Volume 4, Issue 2, 853-863

Lilian Albert Zaky. lilianazaki@gmail.com Introduction: Discectomy is a surgical technique used for treatment of lumbar disc herniation. After the surgery; the patient suffers from back pain and limitation of motion which affect his functional ability. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare between the effect of core stability program and the effect of a intensive exercises on the L4-5 segmental lumbar flexion and the functional disability in patients with lumbar discectomy. Methods: Thirty male patients with L4-L5 open discectomy were divided on two groups; group (A) received core stability program, while group (B) received a intensive exercises. Treatment was applied for 12 sessions. Results: The results of this study revealed a significant difference of both variables in each of the groups, after treatment. There was also a significant difference of both variables between group (A) and group (B) after treatment. The improvements after core stability program were significantly more than after the intensive exercises. Conclusion: From the obtained results of the study, it can be concluded that L4-5 segmental lumbar flexion improved and the functional disability reduced after receiving core stability program and after receiving intensive exercises, but the patients who received the core stability improved more than patients who received the intensive exercises.
Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the BL Lacertae Object OJ 287

Hubble Space Telescope WFPC-2 I-band (F814W) images of the BL Lacertae object OJ 287 and the surrounding field are presented. We find evidence of associated extended nebulosity near OJ 287, as well as a small nebulosity to the west, which may be spatially coincident with the position of previously observed radio emission. The brightness of a host galaxy is difficult to determine because of the brightness of the active nucleus, but it lies in the range -21.5 > MR > -23.1 (H0 = 100 km s-1 Mpc-1, q0 = 0). No evidence is seen for the previously reported optical “jet” at position angle 220° to a surface brightness limit of I = 24.3 mag arcsec-2. There are several resolved and unresolved objects within 17'' of OJ 287 in the field to limits of I = 25 (point source 5 σ detections). The magnitudes and relative positions of these objects are reported. An offset in the centroid position between the OJ 287 point source and the underlying nebulosity reported by Wurtz, Stocke, and Yee is confirmed and measured to be about 0. ″4 (1.2 h-1 kpc at the redshift of OJ 287). This offset is tentatively interpreted as evidence for recent merger activity rather than as a sign of gravitational microlensing.
Lineage-speciﬁc requirements of (cid:2) -catenin in neural crest development

-Catenin plays a pivotal role in cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. Moreover, it is a downstream signaling component of Wnt that controls multiple developmental processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and fate decisions. To study the role of (cid:2) -catenin in neural crest development, we used the Cre/loxP system to ablate (cid:2) -catenin speciﬁcally in neural crest stem cells. Although several neural crest–derived structures develop normally, mutant animals lack melanocytes and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that mutant neural crest cells emigrate but fail to generate an early wave of sensory neurogenesis that is normally marked by (cid:2) the transcription factor neurogenin (ngn) 2. This indicates a role of (cid:2) -catenin in premigratory or early migratory neural crest and points to heterogeneity of neural crest cells at the earliest stages of crest development. In addition, migratory neural crest cells lateral to the neural tube do not aggregate to form DRG and are unable to produce a later wave of sensory neurogenesis usually marked by the transcription factor ngn1. We propose that the requirement of (cid:2) -catenin for the speciﬁcation of melanocytes and sensory neuronal lineages reﬂects roles of (cid:2) -catenin both in Wnt signaling and in mediating cell–cell interactions.
OAEM_A_323960 363..372

Department of Emergency Medicine, Songklanagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand Introduction: The most common surgical condition in children is appendicitis. However, making a diagnosis can be difficult due to poor communication and difficulty in the physical examination. Objective: This study aimed to determine the accurate clinical predictive factors for the diagnosis of appendicitis in children in the emergency department (ED). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2019. The electronic medical records were reviewed from 1043 pediatric patients younger than 15 years with the chief complaint of abdominal pain and were admitted to the ED during the study period. The patients were divided into either the appendicitis group or non-appendicitis group. The two groups were compared in terms of baseline characteristics, abdominal symptoms and signs, symptom durations, laboratory results, final diagnosis, treatment in the ED, ED disposition, morbidity, and mortality. The significant predictive factors for the diagnosis of appendicitis were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses by logistic regression. Results: Predictive factors for the diagnosis of appendicitis in pediatric patients with abdominal pain were gradual increase in abdominal pain (odds ratio (OR) 3.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–7.58), right lower quadrant abdominal tenderness (OR 21.07, 95% CI 9.12–48.67), presentation of peritoneal irritation signs (OR 12.57, 95% CI 5.28– 29.92), and an absolute neutrophil count >75% (OR 4.68, 95% CI 2.3–9.51). The significant variables were used to develop a diagnostic predictive probability scoring system that ranged from 0.05 to 0.95. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a cut-off point of 0.089 to predict pediatric appendicitis with an area under the curve of 0.963. Conclusion: The predictive factors for diagnosing appendicitis in children are useful in determining which children require surgical intervention. However, the clinical symptoms and physical examination of the abdomen continue to be the most important diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of appendicitis in children.
Comments on CrossTalk 23: 5HT is necessary for peristalsis

Neurogastroenterology gains inspiration when debate erupts over an issue. CrossTalk in this instance relates to serotonin (5-HT) as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator or paracrine mediator in the enteric nervous system (ENS). The debate is a classic example of younger generational questioning of the validity of established dogma. The debate centres on the large intestine. Nevertheless, the overriding issue is whether release of 5-HT is integral to organized propulsion of luminal contents in the tube-like compartments of the oesophagus, small bowel and large intestine. Profs Smith and Gershon represent a senior generation that researched 5-HT extensively and interpreted their data, in view of literature from the 1950s to the present, as indicating an obligatory requirement for 5-HT signalling in propulsive motility. Spencer et al., representative of a younger inquisitive generation unsatisfied with established doctrine, tenaciously tested the validity of the longstanding 5-HT hypothesis and concluded that data from their investigative approach did not support it. I tend to agree with them that their demonstration of organized propulsion of luminal contents in rodent large intestine devoid of any trace of 5-HT is persuasive evidence undermining the hypothesis that serotonergic signalling is essential for physiological propulsion of luminal contents in the colon. Spencer et al. refer to the terms ‘peristalsis’ and ‘peristaltic reflex’ in discourse on how the ENS is involved in functional motility, as a ,thorny, issue. I, as well, have found the two terms to be of little utility in neurophysiological instruction and scientific exchange on the ENS as an independent integrative brain-in-the-gut (Wood, 2008). References
Implantable contraceptives for women on implantable contraceptives for women*

Progestogen-only implantable contraceptives are used by increasing numbers of women worldwide. This review outlines the evidence accumulated on these methods to date. Reviews of toxicological evaluations, clinical trials, endocrinological, epidemiological and social science studies, as well as operations research and economic evaluation were undertaken in preparation for an Expert Consultation convened by the World Health Organization in 2001. At the meeting, these reviews were further evaluated and the research results summarized in this consensus paper. A large body of evidence demonstrates the high contraceptive effectiveness and safety of the 5-year levonorgestrel-releasing implants Norplant and Jadelle. Information on the 3-year etonogestrel-releasing implant Implanon is more limited, but suggests that this implant has a high contraceptive effectiveness and a satisfactory safety proﬁle. Information available on levonorgestrel-releasing implants manufactured and approved in China suggests that their clinical performance is satisfactory, but was insufﬁcient to allow their full safety assessment. For all implants, there is insufﬁcient information on their use by women with medical conditions. Provision of contraceptive implants requires good quality family planning services and speciﬁc provider training.
Frequency of Recurrent Miscarriages in Kashmiri Population (A High Incidence Zone)

Introduction: Recurrent miscarriages (RM) can be defined as the spontaneous loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before twenty weeks of gestation. The aim of the study was to analyse the incidence of RM in our region. Method: The study screened retrospectively for all patients who had experienced the miscarriages between 2015 and 2019. Results: Among RM cases, 80 (26.9%) were observed in consanguineous marriage group as against 217(73.06%) cases in non-consanguineous group. Of all cases 43(16.04%) were found with known family history for RM. The frequency of RM was observed as comparable to be 50.6% (163) in cases that belonged to the age group of <30 years to that of the 49.37% (159) cases seen in ≥30 years. Conclusion: The frequency of RM is very high in our region and interestingly apart from consanguinity; the pattern of these events observed was with a very less difference in both age groups.
A novel interaction between hedgehog and Notch promotes proliferation at the AP organizer of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc

Notch has multiple roles in the development of the Drosophila melanogaster wing imaginal disc. It helps specify the Dorsal-Ventral compartment border and it is needed for the wing margin, veins and sensory organs. Here we present evidence for a new role: stimulating growth in response to Hedgehog. We show that Notch signaling is activated in the cells of the Anterior-Posterior organizer that produce the region between wing veins 3 and 4, and we describe strong genetic interactions between the gene that encodes the Hedgehog pathway activator Smoothened and the Notch pathway genes Notch , presenilin and Suppressor of Hairless , and with the Enhancer of split complex. This work thus reveals a novel collaboration by the Hedgehog and Notch pathways that regulates proliferation in the 3-4 intervein region independently of Decapentaplegic.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Nonparametric Predictive Regression Nonparametric Predictive Regression

A unifying framework for inference is developed in predictive regressions where the predictor has unknown integration properties and may be stationary or nonstationary. Two easily implemented nonparametric F-tests are proposed. The limit distribution of these predictive tests is nuisance parameter free and holds for a wide range of predictors including stationary as well as non-stationary fractional and near unit root processes. Asymptotic theory and simulations show that the proposed tests are more powerful than existing parametric predictability tests when deviations from unity are large or the predictive regression is nonlinear. Empirical illustrations to monthly SP500 stock returns data are provided.
Measurements of distributed polarized radio sources from spinning spacecraft - Effect of a tilted axial antenna ISEE-3 application and results

An analysis is presented of the system response of a satellite receiver-antenna system to locate a radio source when the satellite is tilted on its axis. The satellite is spin stabilized but experiences a tilt due to either a mechanical misalignment or a shift in the electrical axis caused by parasitic currents in other spacecraft structures. The shorter the antenna, the more significant the effects. Numerical techniques are developed for obtaining the Stokes parameters and the angular parameters of a uniform conical source sensed by a linear antenna in order to derive the average power response of a synthesized dipole to a point on a distributed polarized source. Relative gains are calculated along the antenna at different angles to the source. The techniques are applied to sample ISEE-3 satellite data for Type III solar radio bursts which were sensed by an axial and an equatorial antenna. The two antennas permit localization of the source and quantification of the polarization and angular extent of the source. The resulting high precision in calculations of all three source parameters commends use of the model in analyses of data from the planned ULYSSES mission.
Response of clupeid ﬁsh to ultrasound: a review

A number of species of clupeid ﬁsh, including blueback herring, American shad, and gulf menhaden, can detect and respond to ultrasonic sounds up to at least 180 kHz, whereas other clupeids, including bay anchovies and Spanish sardines, do not appear to detect sounds above about 4 kHz. Although the location for ultrasound detection has not been proven conclusively, there is a growing body of physiological, developmental, and anatomical evidence suggesting that one end organ of the inner ear, the utricle, is likely to be the detector. The utricle is a region of the inner ear that is very similar in all vertebrates studied to date, except for clupeid ﬁsh, where it is highly specialized. Behavioural studies of the responses of American shad to ultrasound demonstrate that they show a graded series of responses depending on the sound level and, to a lesser degree, on the frequency of the stimulus. Low-intensity stimuli elicit a non-directional movement of the ﬁsh, whereas somewhat higher sound levels elicit a directional movement away from the sound source. Still higher level sounds produce a ‘‘wild’’ chaotic movement of the ﬁsh. These responses do not occur until shad have developed the adult utricle that has a three-part sensory epithelium. We speculate that the response of the American shad (and, presumably, other clupeids that can detect ultrasound) to ultrasound evolved to help these species detect and avoid a major predator e echolocating cetaceans. As dolphins echolocate, the ﬁsh are able to hear the sound at over 100 m. If the dolphins detect the ﬁsh and come closer, the nature of the behavioural response of the ﬁsh changes in order to exploit diﬀerent avoidance strategies and lower the chance of being eaten by the predators.
BJRD13780 1..11

1,2I CODREANU, MD, PhD, 3M D ROBSON, PhD, 3O J RIDER, BMBCh, DPhil, 3T J PEGG, MBChB, DPhil, 4C A DASANU, MD, PhD, 5,6B A JUNG, PhD, 2N ROTARU, MD, PhD, 1K CLARKE, MA, PhD and 1,2,7C J HOLLOWAY, MRCP, DPhil Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Department of Radiology, Medpark International Hospital, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, Chisinau, Moldova Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK Department of Hematology–Oncology, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland Department of Cardiology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
Designing a tokamak fusion reactor—How does plasma physics fit in?

This paper attempts to bridge the gap between tokamak reactor design and plasma physics. The analysis demonstrates that the overall design of a tokamak fusion reactor is determined almost entirely by the constraints imposed by nuclear physics and fusion engineering. Virtually, no plasma physics is required to determine the main design parameters of a reactor: a, R0, B0, Ti, Te, p, n, τE, I. The one exception is the value of the toroidal current I, which depends upon a combination of engineering and plasma physics. This exception, however, ultimately has a major impact on the feasibility of an attractive tokamak reactor. The analysis shows that the engineering/nuclear physics design makes demands on the plasma physics that must be satisfied in order to generate power. These demands are substituted into the well-known operational constraints arising in tokamak physics: the Troyon limit, Greenwald limit, kink stability limit, and bootstrap fraction limit. Unfortunately, a tokamak reactor designed on the basi.