Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological and ecological studies of Clavella adunca (Copepoda, Lernaeopodidae) on polar cod, Boreogadus saida

Abstract Clavella adunca (STROM, 1762) from the Barents Sea polar cod was studied. The general appearance and morphology of the appendages were similar to C. adunca f. iadda LEIGH-SHARPE, but the size of the trunk and cephalothorax were greater than those in other populations (mean trunk length 3.8 mm, width 3.0 mm, mean cephalothorax length 4.3 mm). Most of the parasites (94 %) were found on the fins. Parasites were found in the whole distribution area of the polar cod, but were most frequent in the eastern part of the Barents Sea. Of 42 samples 39 contained infected fishes. The distributions of the parasites on the hosts were always overdispersed and negative binominal distributions proved to be a good empirical model of the observed distributions. The infection rate was higher during winter than during summer. No correlation between the infection rate and the age of the host was observed.
Feldstudie zu Futtereigenschaften bei federpickenden Legehennen

Feedstuffs were analysed from 9 conventional and 12 organic farms which previously reported feather pecking in their laying hen flocks. Essential amino acid contents were significantly higher in conventional than in organic diets, while the latter matched suggested nutrient contents. Declared amino acid contents and results of analyses were in good agreement. Particle size of mash feedstuffs deviated from suggested values: percentages of coarse and medium particles were higher and lower, respectively, than suggested. Severity of feather pecking slightly correlated with dietary methionine content and with methionine:ME.
The oocyte as a transmitter and mediator of genetic damage to offspring

34 INTRODUCTION . 35 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 39 RESULTS . 43 DISCUSSION . 49 REFERENCES . 61 3 MUTAGEN TREATED FEMALE MEDAKA INDUCE UNTARGETED MUTATIONS IN THE UNTREATED, PATERNALLY DERIVED, DNA OF OFFSPRING . 66
Metabolism of Epimedium-derived Flavonoid Glycosides in Intestinal Flora of Rabbits and Its Inhibition by Gluconolactone

Abstract Aim The metabolism of Epimedium-derived flavonoid glycosides (EF, with icariin as the main component) in rabbit intestinal flora and its inhibition by gluconolactone were investigated in this paper to help reveal the metabolic pathway of EF in rabbits and to identify the in vivo bioactive components of EF in the prevention of steroid-associated osteonecrosis. Methods EF were incubated at 37 °C anaerobically with rabbit intestinal flora, and then water-saturated ethyl acetate was used for sample extraction at different time points. Furthermore, gluconolactone was added at different concentrations (8, 12 and 16 mg·mL−1) to study its inhibition of the metabolism of EF in rabbit intestinal flora. The separation was performed on a ODS column by gradient elution with acetonitrile-water (including 0.1% formic acid respectively) as mobile phase at detection wavelength of 335 nm. Results EF were metabolized to icariside II in 2 h, and then to icaritin when incubated for 8 h; gluconolactone showed the inhibition of EF metabolism in rabbit intestinal flora in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion EF were found to be metabolized rapidly by hydrolysis of rabbit intestinal flora to produce icariside II and icaritin; and the total inhibition was achieved by gluconolactone at a concentration of 16 mg·mL−1.
Limitations of E-Government Adoption by Local Governments: A Case Study of Ilala Municipal Council, Tanzania

Integration of advanced computing and communication in management of municipal council activities by developed countries (E-Government) greatly enhances service delivery. However, some developing countries such as Tanzania in Africa experience difficulties in applying this technology in management of municipal councils for better service delivery to its citizens. This article uses a simple multiple regression model to analyze some of the factors that limit adoption of E-Government by developing countries. The factors analyzed include legal, cultural, managerial, organizational and technological awareness. A survey of 120 respondents from Ilala Municipal council in Tanzania was used as a case study. The results indicate organizational and legal factors as the major impediments in adoption of E-Government by developing countries such as Tanzania. To overcome these impediments, developing countries should allocate enough finances to information and communication departments so as to accommodate training, system upgrade and policy implementation. Keywords: E-Government; Local Government; Information and Communication Technology; Ilala Municipal Council; Tanzania
Food Biopreservatives of Microbial Origin

Food Biopreservatives of Microbial Origin provides basic and applied information regarding how antimicrobial metabolites of safe, food-grade bacteria (used in food fermentation) can be utilized as food preservatives. The authors discuss why biopreservation of food is important, identify the foods and microoganisms for which biopreservation is suitable, and explore the potential of bacteriocins of food-grade starter culture bacteria and the antimicrobial proteins of yeasts as possible food biopreservatives. The book is a valuable reference resource that will benefit students of food science and researchers in food industries, regulatory agencies, and advisory groups.
Influence of the dietary protein level on the incidence of footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 3 levels of dietary protein on the broiler performance and on FPD incidence. Day-old unsexed broiler chickens (1,272) were used in this study for 42 days. Three experimental diets having different protein levels— high protein (HP), medium (MP) and low protein (LP) diets— were formulated. All diets were based on corn, wheat, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, corn gluten and synthetic methionine and lysine. The average body weights at the age of 42 days were 2, 442.63 g (HP), 2, 308.16 g (MP) and 2, 215.34 g (LP); the differences were significantly influenced by used protein level. Feed intake was not influenced by the protein levels. However, feed conversion ratio was the lowest at HP. The incidence and development of FPD were recorded weekly. Lesions were scored for both the right and left foot, and classified according to a scale from 0 (no lesion) to 2 (very severe lesions). It may be concluded from the results that protein level influences the body weight of broiler chickens to a great extent at the time of slaughter. The incidences of FPD at slaughter were 32% for LP group, 48% for MP group and 43% for HP group. FPD scores at slaughter were 53 points for LP group, 76 points for MP group and 67 points for HP group.
RESEARCH ON SEMIINTENSIVE FATTENING SYSTEM OF HYBRIDS OBTAINED BY INDUSTRIAL CROSS BREED OF PALAS MERINO WITH SPECIALIZED MEAT SHEEP BREEDS

Researches aimed the increasing and improving of the quantitative and qualitative sheep meat, the meat skills production determination of hybrids obtained by industrial cross breed of Palas Merino with breeds specialized in meat production- Texel and Suffolk. The experiments were performed at the Institute for Research and Development Institute for sheep and goat breeding Palas-Constanta and the biological material was represented by: adult sheep, 3 lots - 3 x 50 head. , F1 crossbred lambs resulting from the crossing specialized meat breed rams Suffolk and Texel with Merino sheep breed, n = 2 x 25 heads; control lot consisting of young male Merino sheep breed, n = 1 x 25 head. Weighing lambs at birth was performed at 28 days and at weaning (60 days), registering growth in weight made throughout the period and per day. After weaning, young sheep was introduced to fattening, it was weighed at the beginning and the end of each phase of fattening, calculating the total gain and average daily gain per periods and per each phase separately. When fattening youth achieved average body weight of 35 kg, it was considered a complete fattening period and control slaughter were performed for each experimental variant and for the control group. Statistical parameters were calculated, Fisher test was applied. By industrial cross breed it has been obtained an improvement of growth rate, precocity and specific consumption.
Immunolocalisation of the serotonin in the fundus ventriculi and duodenum of the Asia minor ground squirrel (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus).

ABSTRACT: The endocrine cells of the proximal duodenum and fundus ventriculi of the citellus (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) were investigated using the immunohistochemical method. Serotonin immunoreactive cells were located and distributed in the fundus and duodenum with variable frequencies. They were spherical or spindle-shaped and the highest frequency serotonin immunoreactive cells were detected in the whole fundic region. The regional distribution of the endocrine cells in the fundus and duodenum of the citellus resembled other mammalian species.
Post-transcriptional regulation of spermatogenesis through intron retention in the fern Marsilea vestita

Title of Dissertation: POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF SPERMATOGENESIS THROUGH INTRON RETENTION IN THE FERN MARSILEA VESTITA Thomas Christopher Clark Boothby, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Stephen M. Wolniak Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics Many rapidly developing systems rely on the use of stored transcripts to carry out their developmental program. The microspore of M. vestita transcribes and stores RNA during a requisite period of desiccation. Rehydration of the microspore triggers spermatogenesis to begin, a process that is mediated by the utilization of these stored RNAs. Here I investigate mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal utilization of these stored transcripts. Next generation Solexa based RNAseq was conducted using poly(A)+ RNA isolates from specific time ranges during spermatogenesis. A reference transcriptome as well as temporally specific transcriptomes were assembled de novo and analyzed for gene ontology enrichments. This analysis revealed an overrepresentation of catalytic splicing and nuclear speckle factors early in development suggesting that some transcripts are not fully mature. An in house Visual Basic for Applications program was used to identify potential intron retaining transcripts (IRTs) within our transcriptomes. A large subset of IRTs was identified and in silico and molecular biological approaches
Bivalve shells as environmental archives

Bivalves can be used as environmental biomonitors by studying the growth rate and the structure of their shells, as well as by analysing elemental distribution in the shells. Information about water chemistry, temperature and pH, about precipitation, food supply and other environmental parameters are stored in the bivalve shells. To be able to disclose the environmental archives within the bivalve shell, several methods have been developed in the last decade. In this thesis methods based on studies of shell structure and growth rate are presented, as well as methods using chemical analysis.Two methods of chemical analysis have been successfully used to measure low concentrations of elements in bivalve shell: the Nuclear Microscope with its high spatial resolution and Neutron Activation Analysis, with its high multielemental capacity, as well as low detection limits. Among the results presented are:In freshwater bivalves from localities only slightly affected by human activities, a positive correlation between growth rate of the shells and summer temperatures was found.The effect of acidification is clearly visible in reduction of the shell growth rate and in differences in shell structures, as well as in high concentration of zinc, cobalt and iron.The effect of liming on the other hand is evidenced by abnormal, much higher, growth rate of the shells and in some cases even by a rupture along the whole shell.Large differences in elemental concentrations between the two aragonitic layers of the Margaritifera margaritifera shell were found by Nuclear Microscope analysis.Seasonal variation of manganese occurs in freshwater bivalve shells, which is correlated with the seasonal depletion of oxygen in the water.Seasonal as well as ontogenetical variation of strontium was found in M. margaritifera shells.The annual increments in M. margaritifera shells are composed of thin lamellae which indicate several periods of acceleration and retardation of the growth within one year. This microgrowth pattern is specific for each year in all individuals of the same age within a population. The growth rate and structure of Macoma baltica shells indicate highly polluted environments along the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland.A discussion about possible underlying causes for the elemental variations is presented, where environmental parameters such as pH and temperature are studied.
ABA catabolism during development and storage in mangoes: Influence of jasmonates

Summary Endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), phaseic acid (PA), dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) and epi-DPA concentrations in the skin, pulp and seed of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) were quantified during development and storage using (±)-[3’, 5’, 5’, 7’, 7’, 7’-2H6] ABA and [7’, 7’, 7’-2H3]-PA, -DPA and epi-DPA as the internal standards. ABA in the skin and pulp increased toward harvest. In addition, the increase in ABA coincided with a decrease in fruit firmness. These results suggest that ABA may induce the maturation of mangoes. In contrast, ABA in the seed decreased toward harvest, suggesting a lack of dormancy of the mango seed. In the skin, pulp and seed, concentrations of DPA or epi-DPA coincided with those of ABA. Therefore, the PA-DPA pathway may be predominant in mango skin, pulp and seed. ABA, DPA and epi-DPA contents increased in stored fruit, but were not found to be associated with the relative humidity conditions of storage. n-Propyl dihydrojasmonate (PDJ) treatment at 91 days after full bloom (DAFB) decreased endogenous ABA and its metabolite, but not at 70 DAFB. Our results suggest that the interaction between ABA and jasmonates may differ with fruit growth stages.
Effects of the Energy Level of the Finisher Diet on Growth Efficiency and Carcass Traits of ‘High’-Market Weight Pigs

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of a low-energy finisher diet on feed and growth efficiencies and carcass traits of 'high'-market weight (MW) finishing pigs and thereby to extrapolate optimal dietary energy level for the high-MW swine. A total of 160 (Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc-crossbred finishing gilts and barrows weighing approximately 90 kg were fed a low-energy (3,200 kcal DE/kg) diet (LE) or control (3,400 kcal) diet (CON) ad libitum in 16 pens up to 135- and 125-kg live weights, respectively, at which the animals were slaughtered and their carcasses were analyzed (2 (sex) × 2 (diet) factorial experimental design). Average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed efficiency did not differ between the two sex or diet groups. Backfat thickness was less (P<0.05) in LE (22.4 mm) than in CON group (24.3 mm) in gilts, but not in barrows (24.4 ± 0.4 mm). The percentage of C- & D-grade carcasses was over 90% because of the 'over-weight' problem in gilts, whereas in barrows, percentages of A plus B grades and C plus D grades were 79% and 21%, respectively. The yield percentage of each trimmed primal cut per total trimmed cuts (w/w) did not differ between the two sex or diet groups. Physicochemical characteristics of longissimus muscle including color (lightness and redness), pH, drip loss and chemical composition, which overally were within the range of normal carcass, also did not differ between the two sex or diet groups. In conclusion, both LE and CON are judged to be adequate for the high-MW swine during the latter finishing period. If fat deposition of a given herd of high-MW pigs needs to be suppressed by a dietary treatment, the energy content of the diet will have to be reduced to a level lower than 3,200 kcal DE/kg.
RFLP-PCR Fingerprinting ITS region of Fabaceae species in Hillah city in Iraq

The aerial parts (fresh leaves) of thirteen species belong to family of Fabaceae were collected from various fields in Hillah city to investigate polymorphism in the ITS region of nrDNA by using polymerase chain reaction processed with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR). Based on the data generated, it was possible to identify all of the species that were placed in three groups that are compatible with the three subfamilies within Fabaceae. So, we can be considered that the RFLP-PCR method is very reliable to identify different species belonging to the same family
Evaluation methods for red palm weevil control in Egypt during (1992-2010).

The present work include tree survey that playing as a parameter to evaluate the real situation and gave more information for control action and insect distribution. Cut off infested trees should be carried out under certain condition, avoiding tree dragging or spread of any of its contents outside. Tree cut into longitudinal parts (4 pieces) and then each piece into sections (small pieces), finally complete coverage with kerosene and insecticides should be applied before being buried deeply (1.5 m.) in the soil. In case of sever infestations injection by a mixture of kerosene and insecticides are sufficient for control. Burning the infested tree give no results, even by fuel or napalm. Better results could be obtained by spraying during two months November and March (tops peaks). Treat the remains of tree (root) after cut off, by saturating the root by mixture of kerosene and insecticides (it represents a hidden source of infestation). Getting red of all unknown and neglected tree is necessary. Chemical application by injection gave more than 85% positive results and recovery for the trees. Fumigates can apply only when trees are severely infested. Pheromone traps system gave no more than 30% infestation reduction to the flying weevil. All biotical agents did no gave noticeable result.
Vergleich der dörflichen und städtischen Ruderalflora, dargestellt am Beispiel Westböhmens.

Die Arbeit vergleicht die Flora von 19 Dörfern Westböhmens mit derjenigen der Stadt Plzeh. Zugrunde liegen qualitative und quantitative floristische Angaben zur Artenzusammensetzung insgesamt und teil­ weise auch im Vergleich einzelner Standorte. Ausgewertet werden weiter Lebensformenspektren, der Anteil der Anthropophyten und mittlere Zeigerwerte nach ELLENBERG. Insgesamt ergeben sich deutliche Unterschiede, teilweise in Übereinstimmung mit Untersuchungen aus anderen Gebieten.
Using HPLC and PCR-DGGE for the assessment of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities in Scottish freshwater lakes

iii List of figures.xvii List of tables.xxiv List of abbreviations.xxvi Acknowledgements.xxx CHAPTER 1: Introduction and literature review Introduction . 1! 1.1! Aims and objectives . 1! 1.1.1! Project overview . 3 1.2! Water Framework Directive . 4 1.3! Phytoplankton . 7! 1.3. 1! Determination of pelagic phytoplankton composition and biomass . 9! Direct Method: Microscopy . 9! Storage . 9! Technique . 10! Indirect methods . 11! Spectrophotometry . 11! Fluorometry . 15! Chromatography . 16! Flow cytometry (FC) . 20! 1.3. 2! Phytoplankton community composition . 22! 1.4! Bacterioplankton . 35! 1.4. 1! Determination of bacterioplankton abundance and composition . 36! Microscopy . 36! Epifluorescence microscopy (EPM) . 36! Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) . 38! Fingerprinting Methods . 41! A. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) . 41!
Impact de la démarche d'investigation par simulation des ondes mécaniques sur le raisonnement des élèves

La premiere partie de cette communication porte sur les conceptions des eleves de lycee sur les ondes mecaniques. Une revue de litterature montre que les eleves developpent au cours de l'apprentissage des ondes des conceptions erronees telle que la conception « hybride capitale » (l'onde est vue comme un melange de force et d'energie) et la conception de « l'onde serpente» (l'onde avance par ajout de bosses). Notre recherche montre que ces difficultes sont tres rependues dans plusieurs pays. La seconde partie s'interesse aux effets d'une seance d'enseignement basee sur une demarche d'investigation par simulation des ondes mecaniques. Nous avons soumis des eleves tunisiens en terminale scientifique a un questionnaire avant et apres la seance pour identifier leurs conceptions et pour evaluer l'impact de la demarche d'enseignement par simulation des ondes sur les modes de raisonnement des eleves.
Short-term responses of the field layer vegetation in a south Swedish deciduous forest after establishment of wild boars (Sus scrofa)

Inside the south Swedish national park Dalby Soderskog, wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) have been visiting since 2010. The presence of wild boars has earlier been proven to impact both soil and vegetation characteristics, both positively and negatively. Still, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the rooting effect on the vegetation in deciduous forest within the native range. In this study, I have compared the field vegetation collected before and after the invasion of wild boars in 74 permanent experimental plots. More specifically, the study aimed to qualify the effect of wild boar rooting on cover ratio, species richness and species composition in a temperate deciduous forest. The rooting frequency did increase from 0% in 2010 to 61% in 2013. The results indicated a general cover loss of both spring vegetation (-40%) and summer vegetation (-30%). Within the rooted areas, cover ratio of the dominant spring flowers Anemone nemorosa (wood anemone), Anemone ranunculoides (yellow) and Ranunculus ficaria (lesser celandine) decreased from 60 % to 33 %. The total species number increased from 44 to 45 and the average species richness increased from 6.3 to 6.9 species/m3. In conclusion, wild boars seem to cause heavy damages on the cover ratios. Rooting appears to favour small and non-competitive species, but also to increase the species richness. Even tough most of the results are in line with previous studies, it is more preferable to consider them as indications of short-term effects as the time aspect is as short as three years.