Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X Simposio Internazionale di Ingegneria Sanitaria Ambientale

Abstract The paper reports the main results of an experimental gathering campaign carried out on a moving bed membrane bioreactor pilot plant conceived for carbon and nutrients removal according to a University of Cape Town scheme. Organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, biokinetic/stoichiometric constants, membrane fouling tendency and sludge dewaterability have been assessed during experiments. The achieved results showed that pilot plant was able to guarantee very high carbon removal, with average efficiency of 98%. In terms of nitrification, the system showed an excellent performance, with efficiencies higher than 98% for most of the experiments. This result might be related to the presence of biofilm in the aerobic compartment that contributed to sustain the complete nitrification of the influent ammonium. Conversely, the average P removal efficiency was quite moderate, likely due to the increase of the ammonium loading rate that could promote an increased NO3-N recycled from the anoxic to the anaerobic tank, interfering with PAOs activity inside the anaerobic tank. Referring to membrane fouling, the irreversible resistance due to superficial cake deposition was the mechanism that mostly affected the membrane filtration properties. Moreover, it was noticed the increase of the resistance due to pore blocking and a general worsening of the membrane filtration properties. This result could be due to the increase of the EPSBound fraction that could be promoted by biofilm detachment phenomena occurred during experiments.
The Role of Innovations in the Pricing Role of Idiosyncratic Risk: Evidence from Major African Stock Markets

DOI: 10.21276/sb.2018. 4.8. 4 Abstract: The pricing role of idiosyncratic risk has remained debatable to date, In this paper, we applied an innovative method of dual-predictor regression models to test for the predictive power of idiosyncratic risk in major African stock markets, we find that even though the conventional measure of aggregate idiosyncratic risk exhibits some predictive power for future stock returns, the dual-predictor method, which is developed to reduce the noise effect and is subsequently applied to the US stock market in Ruan, Sun, and Xu (2016), can substantially improve the predictive power of idiosyncratic risk in all of the five major African stock markets, consistent with the effect of the dual-predictor on noise reduction. We conclude that innovative approaches help to improve the predictive power of idiosyncratic risk and just as is the case in the US markets, the same argument of noise reduction through innovation also holds in major African stock markets.
Cholecystectomy and Duodenogastric Reflux-: Reflux of Duodenal Content Induces Esophageal Carcinogenesis

Cholecystectomy is a very common operation. Cholecystectomized patients have an increased reflux of bile and pancreatic juice from the duodenum to the stomach and a greater incidence of duodenogastric reflux (DGR). There is an increased chance for duodenal juice to enter the esophagus. Reflux of duodenal contents can induce mucosal injury and promote tumorigenesis. Therefore, we made a rat reflux model which was created a esophago-duodenostomy with total gastrectomy in order to permit chronic reflux of duodenal contents into the esophagus. Sever macroscopic, microscopic and molecular alterations were observed in nearly 100% of the cases after 40th weeks of chronic duodeno-esophageal reflux. Duodenal juice (especially, bile acid) has been found to induce the esophageal cancer in our animal model. Therefore, cholecystectomy is associated with a moderately increased risk of esophageal cancer, possibly by the toxic effect of refluxed duodenal juice (especially, bile acid) on the esophageal mucosa. We need to fully understand DGR to adequately advise patients on the effects of cholecystectomy.
Trend analysis of seasonal rainfall and annual temperature in semi-arid Central lowland of Oromia state, Ethiopia

Ethiopia is located in a tropical region where differences of temperature are strongly modulated by elevation where it comprises of 61% of lowland mass The past climate of the three study areas found in the Central lowland of Oromia of Ethiopia was used for ground observation data for the trend detections that were recorded at Melkassa (1977-2013), Adam Tulu (1973-2012), and Mieso (1973-2012) meteorological stations. The seasonal rainfall and annual minimum and maximum temperature data of the study areas were assessed using the Mann–Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimator trend. The result of Sen.’s slope estimation also indicates that, the trend of the seasonal rainfall and annual maximum and minimum temperature under Mieso, Melkassa and Ademi Tulu condition increasing trend whereas Man-Kendall trend estimation indicates that the seasonal rainfall and annual maximum and minimum temperature shows a positive trend at the study areas expect negative trend of minimum temperature for Melkassa and Ademi Tulu. The high variability of climate aspects in the semi-arid central lowland of Oromia, which signals the likely impact of this variability on crop production risk study areas.
Output Quality, Productivity Growth, and Resource Reallocation

Producing high-quality products incurs higher costs but provides greater consumption benefits, placing a challenge in measuring firm capability when output quality differs. Using a unique panel that contains a direct measure of scientific output quality, we introduce a quality-adjusted productivity measure that accounts for demand benefits and production costs of quality. Due to pro-cyclical quality growth and resource reallocation based on quality, this measure displays stronger pro-cyclicality during business cycles compared with traditional productivity measures. In addition, quality increases market power and causes misallocation. Removing such misallocation increases aggregate productivity by 2.1 percent in the Chinese Steel Industry.
Accounting Conservatism and Management Earnings Forecast Errors of Listed Companies in Thailand

วารสารบริหารธุรกิจ ABSTRACT Accounting conservatism prevents unverified good news from being quickly released and ensures that managers commit to more timely recognition of bad news in financial statements. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between accounting conservatism and management earnings forecasts errors. The sample comprises of listed companies that issued annual management earnings forecasts during the 2005–2012 period. Accounting conservatism is measured using the Khan and Watts’ (2009) model. Results show that management earnings forecasts exhibit less errors when accounting conservatism is high. The findings suggest that conservative accounting mitigates information asymmetry by committing management to disclose credible earnings forecast information, resulting in less error in forecasting earnings.
Prevalence of Congenitally Missing Permanent Teeth in a Group of Yemeni Population: A Radiographic Study

Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in a group of 5100 dental patients in Yemen. Methods: A total of 5100 digital panoramic radiographs were retrospectively examined for the presence of congenitally missing permanent teeth. The radiographs were obtained from the archival records of patients attending a local dental centers, and colleges of dentistry at the provinces of Ibb, Thamar, and Sana'a in Yemen. Results: A total of 293 congenitally missing teeth were observed in 165patients (136 females and 29males); the overall prevalence of congenitally missing teeth in permanent dentition was 3.23% (2.23% in males, 3.58% in females). Congenitally missing teeth was more prevalent in the maxilla (55%) than in the mandible (45%) and in the right side of the jaws (52.6%) than in the left side (47.4%). The most common congenitally missing permanent tooth was the maxillary lateral incisor (44.48%), followed by the mandibular 2nd premolar (34.48%), the maxillary 2nd premolar (15.51%), the mandibular lateral incisor (5.17%), and the maxillary canine (0.7%). Certain anomalies were co-existed along with tooth agenesis in 66 (40%) patients. Canine impaction was the most common among 29 (17.58%) patients followed by microdontia among 27 (16.37%) patients. Other anomalies present were transposed teeth among 4 (2.43%) patients, ectopic eruption among 4 2.43) %) patients and supernumerary among 2 (1.21%) patients. Canine impaction was commonly seen in relation to the lateral incisor agenesis followed by microdontia. The present study results give a clue of the magnitude of the problem, but further studies are required to identify the etiology of dental agenesis in Yemen.
A NEW FOSSIL SCOLOPENDROMORPH CENTIPEDE FROM THE CRATO FORMATION OF BRAZIL

Preliminary morphological interpretation of a new, exceptionally preserved Mesozoic scolopendromorph chilopod from the Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin, north-east Brazil is presented. The centipede is preserved in right lateral view and shows features, including a tracheal spiracle, not seen in previously described fossil scolopendromorphs from this locality. All four known fossil centipedes from this Formation are morphologically indistinguishable from modern forms and extant genera from other terrestrial invertebrate orders are known from Cretaceous fossils. Therefore, the new specimen cannot be placed in a fossil taxon on the basis of age alone. Rigorous morphological comparison with extant specimens is required before the correct taxonomic status of the specimen can be determined. INTRODUCTION There are 581 extant species of scolopendromorph centipedes currently placed in three families and 32 genera; 57 species in two families and 11 genera are known from the Amazonian region (Schileyko 2002). Though rare as fossils, centipedes have a long geological history. They date back to the Silurian (Shear et al. 1998) and are among the earliest known terrestrial animals (Jeram et al. 1990; Shear et al. 1998). The earliest Scolopendromorpha occur in late Carboniferous strata from Mazon Creek, Illinois (Hannibal 1997). Only three specimens of centipedes have been reported from strata of Mesozoic age, all from the early Cretaceous of Brazil (Table 1, Figure 1).
ARCHITECTURAL AND LIFE HISTORY TRAITS OF TREE SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH LIANA INFESTATION AT SEMIDECIDUOUS FORESTS FROM CAMPINAS, SP, BRAZIL

Lianas play a key role in forest dynamics and processes in the ecosystem. Lianas may reduce host tree growth rate, fecundity and suppress gap phase regeneration, and can also have a large impact in stand level processes such as evapotranspiration and liter fall production (Putz 1984, Stevens 1987, Schnitzer & Bongers 2002). The abundance and biomass of lianas may be increasing in the Neotropics (Phillips et al., 2002, Wright et al., 2004), a phenomenon that could have implications for dynamics of tropical forests, specially the forest carbon sequestration. Lianas compete strongly with host tree for resources above and below ground, leading to increases in mortality rates of host trees (Putz 1984, Schnitzer et al., 2005). Some studies have demonstrated that there are some tree species, which are less infested by lianas than others (Putz 1984, van der Heidjen et al., 2008). These taxa, with lower rates of liana infestation, might have some architectural and morphological traits such as long branch free bole, flexible stems, fast growth and smooth bark that would allow them to avoid liana infestation (Putz 1984, Balfour & Bound 1993, Campbell & Newberry 1993). Taking into account the negative effects of lianas on host tree, trees which remain free of liana infestation may have a competitive advantage in relation to their infested pairs. In this case, an increase of liana abundance in tropical forests could change the tree species composition and diversity of these forests. Thus it is very important to know which species are more susceptible to liana infestation.
Incentive Pay and Firm Productivity: Evidence from China

This study examines the causes and consequences of incentive pay adoption among Chinese manufacturing firms. First, we find that a higher degree of labor scarcity encourages firms to adopt more incentive pay. Second, using an instrumental variables approach, we find that a 10 percentage point increase in the intensity of incentive pay results in 38% higher firm productivity. Third, the average productivity differences between SOEs and non-SOEs decrease by about 65% after controlling differences in incentive pay adoption. Therefore, facilitating incentive pay adoption among firms with better labor endowments (e.g. SOEs) increases productivity while reduces resource misallocation in developing countries.
Comparative study of intraocular pressure measured by non-contact, rebound and goldmann applanation tonometer and their correlation with corneal thickness and true IOP in a general population

Aim: To compare the Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measured by Non-contact tonometer (NCT), Rebound tonometer (RBT) and Goldmann Applanation tonometer (GAT) and their correlation with central corneal thickness (CCT) and true IOP. Reliability of each tonometer. Materials and Methods: 500 random patients aged 18 years and above were taken up for the study. Patients with anterior and posterior segment pathologies like corneal ulcer, leukoma, staphyloma, corneal lacerations, ectatic corneal conditions, corneal dystrophies, oedema, perforations, acute angle closure glaucoma, retinal detachments, vitreous haemorrhage and unwilling patients were excluded from the study. IOP was recorded using NCT, RBT and GAT after assessing the patient’s visual acuity. Following IOP measurement, central corneal thickness (CCT) of each patient was measured using pachymetry. All the data were collected and tabulated for statistical analysis to obtain results. Results: The mean CCT in males was 0.5350 mm and in females 0.5340 mm respectively. The mean IOP measured by NCT is 16.43 mm hg whereas the mean IOP measured by GAT is 15.43 mm hg. IOP measured by NCT is significantly higher than the IOP measured by GAT (p RBT are compared NCT values are significantly higher than that of RBT(p RBT IOP 15.83 mm hg is higher than the mean GAT IOP of 15.42 mm hg the values are not statistically significant. When correlated with CCT all the tonometers showed significant correlation with GAT showing the strongest correlation. NCT overestimates IOP in normal, thin and thicker corneas when compared to GAT and are statistically significant. RBT also overestimates in the normal and thick corneas when compared to GAT but their values are much closer to GAT values in thinner corneas. The IOP measured by all the 3 tonometers correlated with corrected IOP with NCT showing the best correlation followed by GAT. Conclusion: From the present study we can conclude that IOP measured by NCT and RBT is higher than GAT. NCT v
Temporomandibular joint disorders among a group of patients attending the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of the School of Dentistry at University of Sulaimani, Iraq

Objectives: The objectives of the present study was to find the number of subjects and distribution, etiology and some associated factors of TMJ problems of patients attending the Oral Diagnosis Clinic at the School of Dentistry/ University of Sulaimani. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study consists of available case-sheet records for patients attended the clinic of Oral Diagnosis of the School of Dentistry at the University of Sulaimani within one academic year (2013-2014) and consisted of 1325 patients aged from 10-79 years; 650 males (49.05%) and 675 females (50.94%). Results: Out of 53 (0.04%) patients who complained of TMJ problems, 30 patients were males (56.6%) and 23 patients were females (43.4%). The highest numbers of patients seen were from the younger age groups (20-30 years; n= 37, 69.8%). The pain was the most prevalent reported symptom followed by clicking in the joints and more than half of patients reported emotional stress as a causative factor. About one-third of the patients reported that their TMJ problems have affected their functional activities, and also only one-third of the patients reported ear symptoms. Conclusions: TMD patients require a special kind of attention due the multifactorial nature of the condition and the wide range of clinical manifestations that may be associated with the condition. Furthermore, the impact of the condition on the general health and the quality of life are clearly evident and should not be overlooked by any clinician who encounters such patients.
COVID-19:Attacks the 1-Beta Chain of Hemoglobin and Captures the Porphyrin to Inhibit Human Heme Metabolism

The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an infectious acute respiratory caused by the novel coronavirus. The virus is the positive-strand RNA one with high homology to bat coronavirus. The pathogenic mechanism of the new coronavirus is still unclear, which is a significant obstacle to the development of drugs and patients' rescue. In this study, conserved domain analysis, homology modeling, and molecular docking were made to compare the biological roles of specific proteins belonging to the novel coronavirus. The conserved domain analysis showed envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) and ORF3a had heme linked sites, which Arg134 of ORF3a, Cys44 of E, Ile304 of N were the heme-iron linked site, respectively. ORF3a also possessed the conserved domains of human cytochrome C reductases and bacterial EFeB protein. These three domains were highly overlapping so that ORF3a could dissociate the iron of heme to form porphyrin. Heme linked sites of E protein may be relevant to the high infectivity, and the role of heme linked sites of N protein may be related to the virus replication. The docking results showed that orf1ab, ORF10, and ORF3a proteins coordinated to attack the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin, and some structural and non-structural viral proteins could bind porphyrin. Deoxyhemoglobin was more vulnerable to virus attacks than oxidized hemoglobin. But ORF3a was specific and would not attack blue blood protein, normal cytochrome C, and peroxidase. As for the attack, it would cause increasingly less hemoglobin that could carry oxygen and carbon dioxide, thus producing symptoms of respiratory distress and coagulation reaction, damaging many organs and tissues. The mechanism also interfered with the normal heme anabolic pathway of the human body, expecting to cause human diseases. Based on the small molecule drug library, drugbank, we searched for drugs bound to viral proteins by molecular docking. The results showed that some anticancer drugs could attach to the heme-iron linked site of ORF3a and N. Remdesivir was relatively more obvious than Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine in terms of the binding capacity of ORF3a, but the combined role of three drugs to ORF3a was lower. Unfortunately, no drug could bind to the heme-iron linked site of E. Besides, these higher binding energies may prevent all screened drugs from binding firmly to viral proteins. Since there were no clinical data, so inhibitory effects on ORF3a and N were still unclear. This theory is only for academic discussion and needed to be verified by other experiments. Please consult a qualified doctor for treatment details. Due to the toxicity and side effects of drugs, do not use medicines yourself. We expect these discoveries to bring more ideas to people to relieve patients' symptoms and save more lives.
A cross sectional study on refractive errors among adolescentsvisiting medical college, Jhansi, UttarPradesh

Blindness is one of the most significant social problems in India with uncorrected refractive errors as the second major cause of blindness and low vision. Refractive Error is an avoidable cause of visual impairment among adolescents. Its early diagnosis and treatment is the simple and most effective forms of eye care. Aims & Objective: To assess the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors, among adolescents visiting Eye OPD, Medical College Jhansi (U.P.) and to find out association between refractive errors and its determinants. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 270 adolescents attending Eye OPD from 01 June to 31 July 2015 in medical college Jhansi (U.P.). A pre-tested questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic variables and determinants of refractive errors was administered on sampled population. Snellen’s chart was used for screening and refractions of respondents. Data were collected and analyzed by using frequency tables and Epi-info software. Results: The prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors was found to be 52.22%. Most of the respondents presented with myopia 75(53.19%) followed by astigmatism 41(29.08%) and hypermertropia 25(17.73%). The prevalence of Myopia, Hypermetropia and Astigmatism was 53.19%, 17.73% and 29.08% respectively. The refractive errors were more common in girls which was 72(59.50%) as compared to boys 69(46.30%). Gender and family history of refractive errors was found to be significantly associated with the Refractive Errors among study population. Conclusion: The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error was higher among adolescents. Causes of higher prevalence and barriers to refractive error correction services should be identified and addressed.