Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Abundance of Macaca fascicularis and potential human-wildlife conflicts in Bonerate and Kalao Island

Recently, conflicts between human and wildlife have emerged more frequently with high escalation and widely spread due to increasing human population growth, agriculture expansion, land conversion, infrastructure development, and climate change. Raising conflicts were prominent between human and primates. The long-tailed macaque, M. fascicularis is known to face conflicts in many areas in Indonesia. The species is also found on Bonerate Island and Kalao Island nearby one of Wallacea hotspots the island of Sulawesi. This research aims to: (1) monitor the population of M. fascicularis in relation with its influences to potentially creating conflicts and (2) identify conflicts between human and the macaques through perceptions of people inhabited Bonerate and Kalao Islands. Population data was collected by observing the M. fascicularis habitat by using the concentration count method to estimate population density. To identify conflicts, data on public perceptions of M. fascicularis was collected by interviewing local people of the two islands. The research results showed that the number of individuals M. fascicularis found on the observation route was 1,064 individuals in an observation area of 54.46 Ha at Bonerate Island and 618 individuals in an observation area of 66.02 Ha at Kalao Island. The population density value of M. fascicularis is 20 individuals/ha in Bonerate Island and 9 individuals/ha in Kalao Island. There were conflicts emerged between the community and long-tailed monkeys in Bonerate Island and Kalao Island. The community perceived the long-tailed monkeys as pests or enemies that had to be exterminated. There is a need to resolve the conflict between the people of both islands and long-tailed macaques through persuasive efforts to control the long-tailed macaques population.
Evaluation of some Egyptian and Iraq Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes and Estimate of its Genetic Statistical Parameters

Seventeen bread wheat genotypes were evaluated involving seven Egyptian genotypes (Yakora, 13-ssd-43, Sahel 1, Gemiza 7, Gemiza 11, Sides12 and Giza 168) and ten Iraqi genotypes (Ibba 95, Ibba 99, Sham 6, Adana, Tamros 3, Jihan, Latifia, Buhooth 22, Rashid and Abu Ghraib) to estimate their variations, correlations, coefficients of differences (environmental, genetic, phenotypic) and heritability in the broad sense. The experiment was carried out in crop field farm - Faculty of Agriculture - Tikrit University. 11/15/2018, with randomizing complete block design. The genotype of Gemiza 7 exhibited superiority in both, the number of kernels/ spike and grain yield/ plant (58.53 kernels and 24.65 g), respectively. 13-ssd-43 and Sham 6 for number of spikes /plant and grain yield/ plant reached 11.83 and 10.74 spikes /plant, 24.28 and 23.16 g, respectively. This does not belong to the wide genetic diversity in addition to the occurrence of these structures in different cluster groups and with a genetic dimension. It can be considered a parent in future breeding and improvement programs. On the other hand, the number of spikes plant shown with the coefficient of genetic and phenotypic variation can be considered of high value for heritability, and genetic improvement can be regarded as a tool for improving bread wheat in the near future.
Physiological Correlates of Holstein Heifer Body Weight: Implications for Management

The purpose of this study was to predict arid and semi-arid of heifer body characteristics using physiological data. Twenty heifers were weighed on an electronic scale, and heart girth (HG) was recorded. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, and serum was harvested. Blood parameters such blood urea nitrogen, BUN; glucose, Glc; and total protein, TP. In addition, blood hematological indices (red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin) were measured. The growth of the body has resulted in an increase in weight, which has been steadily climbing over time. The body weight was ranged between 319 and 328 kg. There was no correlation between any of the physiological parameters and the live weight of the animals. While, there was a significant inverse correlation (P<0.001) between total protein and the vast majority of the other parameters. The multiple regression analysis shows a direct relationship between Glc and BUN as independent influencing factors on the characteristic that was being studied, which was body weight. Furthermore, with an average GLc measurement, the body weight rose by approximately 8. Overall, physiology as a predictor may be applied. Though, it is not sufficient for predicting live weight.
Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Chemical Method on the Kidneys, Liver and Brain of Male Mice

This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effect of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the histological changes of the vital organs of male mice. The iron oxide nanomaterials were prepared by chemical method; several doses of it were used at different concentrations, which are 12, 10, 8, 6%. The dose is administered to the mice orally every 48 hours for a period of 60 days. The mice were divided into 6 groups in addition to the control group during the mentioned period; weights were taken for all groups throughout the experiment period. After the completion of the experimental period, the mice of all the mentioned groups were killed. The results of the histological examination with the first and second concentrations did not show any toxic effects or changes in the functional structures of the mentioned organs. while slight changes appeared in the high concentrations of nanoparticles, as it was found that there was some blood congestion and inflammation in the kidneys. There is also congestion in parts of the liver with enlargement in some cells, as well as congestion in the brain, at concentrations of 12.10%. While no structural changes appeared in the first and second concentrations, also in the control group, no changes appeared in the functional structure of the above members. From the results of the study, we conclude that the use of high concentrations of nanoparticles of iron oxide may lead to changes in the functional structures of the kidneys, liver and brain, and may lead to toxic effects on the rest of the body.
In Vitro Propagation of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

This study was conducted in the plant cell and tissue culture laboratory of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping / College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk – Iraq. To study in vitro propagation of pomegranate by adding (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) mg . L−16-benzyladenine (BA) and (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0) mg . L−1Kinetin (Kin) on Initiation state. The results showed that the highest rate number of branches is 1.20 branches. Vegetative part −1 for the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg . L−1 BA, the highest average for the longest length branch was 2.00 cm, the highest average for the number of leaves was 6.40. Vegetative part −1 when cultivated in the medium supplemented with 1.5 mg.L−1 BA. Whereas, when treated with Kin, the highest rate of the number of branches was recorded, 0.70 branches, vegetative part−1. The length of the most extended branch was 1.00 cm, at a concentration of 4 mg . L−1. The highest average number of leaves was 3.40 leaves, vegetative part-1, when cultured with the medium supplied with 8 mg. L −1.
Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Spraying with a Growth Stimulator on Some Chemical Properties of Vegetative Growth and Fruits of the Strawberry Plant Fragaria×ananassa

This study was carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar during the agricultural season 2021 to study the effect of adding types of organic fertilizer (without addition, poultry waste, manufactured organic fertilizer), which are symbolized by (M0, M1, M2) in sequence.and the combination of one and a half recommendations with spraying with a growth stimulator that contains calcium, boron, zinc, magnesium, amino acids and molybdenum, and it had 6 levels (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) in the concentration of some elements for strawberry plants. The results show that the organic treatments recorded clear significant differences, especially the poultry manure treatment, which gave the highest values in the ratio (N, P, K) recorded (2.816, 0.48, 2.26) and did not differ significantly with M2 in TSS. M2 gave the lowest nitrate content and acidity (30.34, 0.40). As for the combination of fertilizers with spraying, treatment T3 gave the highest values in (N, P, K, TSS) recorded (2.345, 0.45, 2.07, 7.330) and the lowest acidity (0.41). With regard to the interaction between the two factors of the study, the two treatments, M1T3 and M1T6, recorded superiority in most of the studied traits, and M1T6 did not differ significantly from M2T6 in acidity, while M2T6 recorded the lowest nitrate content.
Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Identification Bacteria Streptomyces spp. Causing Common Scab Disease on Potato in Iraq

This study was carried out at the University of Anbar - College of Agriculture - Department of Plant Protection. The study aimed to isolate and diagnose the bacterium that causes scabies on potatoes, Streptomyces spp. , depending on the phenotypic characteristics, biochemical interactions, and molecular methods. The results of isolation from different regions and on PDA medium showed that it was obtained On 45 pure isolates of the pathogenic bacteria Streptomyces spp, and the results of growth in different media showed that the best medium for growth was PDA and Nutrient agar. The results of phenotypic diagnosis and biochemical tests revealed that 8 isolates belong to the type Streptomyces scabies and two isolates belong to the type Streptomyces acidiscabies. DNA was extracted from 10 isolates of pathogenic bacteria, and the results of molecular diagnosis using the 16S rRNA gene showed that light bands of 1250 pairs were obtained. The nitrogenous base sequences of these isolates were determined and deposited in GenBank under accession codes (OQ8191, OQ819106, OQ815918, OQ789975, OQ789966, OQ815949, OQ815950).
Factors Related to the Utilization of Digital Adherence Technologies in Tuberculosis Care: A Qualitative Study Among Adults in DS-TB Treatment, Health Care Providers and Other Key Stakeholders in Tanzania

Background: Numerous challenges, such as lengthy treatment courses, side effects, and distance to healthcare facilities contribute to suboptimal Tuberculosis (TB) treatment completion. Digital adherence technologies (DATs), such as smart pillboxes and medication labels, could be an alternative to facilitate TB treatment continuation. Methods: In-depth interviews with people undergoing treatment for drug susceptible TB, health care providers (HCPs) and other key stakeholders were conducted to evaluate their experiences with DATs in ten health facilities across four different regions in Tanzania. This study is part of a multi country cluster randomized trials conducted under the ASCENT consortium. Principal Findings: Interviews were conducted with a total of 41 individuals, 19 people with TB and 22 HCPs and key stakeholders. One of the main findings indicates that participants found that the daily reminders provided by the DATs, particularly the alarm from the smart pillboxes, helped in supporting treatment continuation and establishing a routine around medicine intake. DATs use was linked with reducing the financial burden of treatment, improving people with TB-HCPs relationship, and decreasing workload for HCPs. Although DATs were generally perceived as reliable, occasional technical malfunctions, such as battery depletion in smart pillboxes, were reported. The requirement of having access to a cellphone and a power source emerged as specific barriers for medication label users. Conclusions: This study highlights the initial willingness and sustained enthusiasm for using DATs among respondents. DATs were perceived as useful tools, aiding individuals with treatment continuation through daily reminders and fostering stronger connections with HCPs. Nevertheless, issues such as poor network connectivity and the need for access to a working cellphone posed difficulties in usage. Findings from this study suggest the potential for improvements in the technologies and indicate that a thorough assessment of peoples life conditions and needs prior to treatment initiations is important to determine the suitability of providing a DAT.
Association of low blood pressure and falls: An analysis of data from the Leiden 85-plus Study

Background Falls and consequent injuries are prevalent in older adults. In this group, half of injury-related hospitalizations are associated with falls and the rate of falls increases with age. The evidence on the role of blood pressure and the use of antihypertensive treatment on the risk of falls remains unclear in oldest-old adults (≥85 years). Objectives To examine the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and incident falls with medical consequences in oldest-old adults and to analyse whether this association is modified by the use of antihypertensive treatments or the presence of cardiovascular disease. Methods We analysed data from the Leiden 85-plus Study, a prospective, population-based cohort study with adults aged ≥85 years and a 5-year follow-up. Falls with medical consequences were reported by the treating physician of participants. We assessed the association between time-updated systolic blood pressure and the risk of falling over a follow-up period of five years using generalized linear mixed effects models with a binomial distribution and a logit link function. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the role of antihypertensive treatment and the difference between participant with and without cardiovascular disease. Results We analysed data from 544 oldest-old adults, 242 (44.4%) of which used antihypertensives. In 81 individuals (15%) ≥1 fall(s) were reported during the follow-up period. The odds for a fall decreased by a factor of 0.86 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.93) for each increase in blood pressure by 10 mmHg. This effect was specific to blood pressure values above 130mmHg. We did not find any evidence that the effect would be modified by antihypertensive treatment, but that there was a tendency that it would be weaker in participants with cardiovascular disease (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.90 per 10mmHg) compared to those without cardiovascular disease (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.05 per 10mmHg). Conclusion Our results point towards a possible benefit of higher blood pressure in the oldest-old with respect to falls independent of the use of antihypertensive treatments.
Glacier area stability in the Central Karakoram National Park (Pakistan) in 2001–2010

The Karakoram Range is one of the most glacierized mountain regions in the world, and glaciers there are an important water resource for Pakistan. The attention paid to this area is increasing because its glaciers remained rather stable in the early twenty-first century, in contrast to the general glacier retreat observed worldwide on average. This condition is also known as “Karakoram Anomaly”. Here we focus on the recent evolution of glaciers within the Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP, area: *13,000 km2) to assess their status in this region with respect to the described anomaly. A glacier inventory was produced for the years 2001 and 2010, using Landsat images. In total, 711 ice-bodies were detected and digitized, covering an area of 4605.9 ± 86.1 km2 in 2001 and 4606.3 ± 183.7 km2 in 2010, with abundant supraglacial debris cover. The difference between the area values of 2001 and 2010 is not significant (+0.4 ± 202.9 km2), confirming the anomalous behavior of glaciers in this region. The causes of such an anomaly may be various. The increase of snow cover areas from 2001 to 2011 detected using MODIS snow data; the reduction of mean summer temperatures; and the augmented snowfall events during 1980–2009 observed at meteorological stations and confirmed by the available literature, are climatic factors associated with positive mass balances. Because the response of glacier area change to climate variation is very slow for large glaciers, the presence of some of the largest glaciers of the Karakoram Range in this region might have delayed observed effects of such climate change so far, or alternatively, the change may not be sufficient to drive an actual area increase. In this context, improved understanding the role of debris cover, meltwater ponds, and exposed ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers, and surging glaciers (which are also found abundant here), are required is still an issue to clarify the mechanisms behind the Karakoram Anomaly.
Ecological Interactions between Marine Plants and Alien Species

Marine ‘plants’ (here including macroalgal protists and seagrass angiosperms) comprise thousands of species distributed in the photic zone along the world’s coastlines. These play key ecological and biogeochemical roles in marine ecosystems, often controlling biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and energy fl ow. Many marine plants are foundations species (Dayton 1972) and function as ecosystem engineers (Jones et al. 1994), affecting the availability of resources to other species by modifying, maintaining and creating habitats. In this chapter we discuss two related aspects of ecological interactions between alien species and marine plants: (a) how alien plants and animals impact native plants (Fig. 1) and (b) how alien plants impact native plants or animals (Fig. 2). In the fi rst scenario the emphasis is on the native plants that are affected by alien plants or animals, whereas in the second part the focus shifts to how invasive plants drive ecological change both of native plants and animals. For
Vaccination to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance Burden—Data Gaps and Future Research

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an immediate danger to global health. If unaddressed, the current upsurge in AMR threatens to reverse the achievements in reducing the infectious disease–associated mortality and morbidity associated with antimicrobial treatment. Consequently, there is an urgent need for strategies to prevent or slow the progress of AMR. Vaccines potentially contribute both directly and indirectly to combating AMR. Modeling studies have indicated significant gains from vaccination in reducing AMR burdens for specific pathogens, reducing mortality/morbidity, and economic loss. However, quantifying the real impact of vaccines in these reductions is challenging because many of the study designs used to evaluate the contribution of vaccination programs are affected by significant background confounding, and potential selection and information bias. Here, we discuss challenges in assessing vaccine impact to reduce AMR burdens and suggest potential approaches for vaccine impact evaluation nested in vaccine trials.
Effect of peppermint and thyme essential oil mist on performance and physiological parameters in broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of peppermint and thyme essential oil mist on performance, blood parameters and lymphoid organ indices in broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on 360 broilers raised until 42 days of age. One-day-old chicks were divided into three groups (n = 120): control group (C – misted with pure water) and two experimental groups (PO – misted with peppermint essential oil, and TO – misted with thyme essential oil) and placed in three separate experimental rooms. Growth performance (BW – body weight, WG – weight gain, FCR – feed conversion ratio), blood parameters (RBC – red blood cells, HGB – haemoglobin concentration, HCT – haematocrit levels, leukogram, serum protein and protein fractions), and lymphoid organ indices were assessed during the production cycle. Our results demonstrate that the use of EO mist does not exert adverse effects on broiler health, and that PO mist can increase BW and WG in broiler chickens. Mean RBC parameters at slaughter were higher in broilers exposed to PO mist. An analysis of blood parameters and lymphoid organ indices revealed that EO could positively influence the immune systems of birds. Higher values of gamma-globulin concentration as well as the weights and growth indices of lymphoid organs were noted in experimental groups. Keywords: Blood parameters, broilers, essential oils, lymphoid organs, performance
The use of SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter for dynamically optimizing the nitrogen supply in potato crop: a methodological approach

The management of N fertilization through a method called “dynamic optimization of nitrogen supply” requires the assessment of crop nitrogen status throughout the growing season. A tool for plant analysis, that increased interest recently, is the hand-held chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 (Minolta - Japan), which allows leaf nitrogen status from measurements of chlorophyll content in potato. The data from this instrument is necessary to calculate some threshold values below which N supply is necessary to avoid yield losses. A procedure for the calculation of chlorophyll meter threshold value was set using data obtained in a potato trial conducted in 1997 at the Experimental Farm of the University of Padova at Legnaro, Italy. The trial was included in a long-term experiment on nitrogen fertilization conducted on different soil types. The experiment was conducted on 108 vegetation boxes of 4 m2 area (2x2 m) and 0.8 m depth. A randomized complete block design was used with three replicates of six increasing rates of N (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg ha-1) factorially combined with 3 soil types (clay, silty-loamy, sandy), in either the presence or absence of residues of the previous crop (wheat straws). Linear-plateau equations were developed for calculating the relationships between SPAD values and yield and this equation allowed the calculation of STV (SPAD Threshold Value) which represents the limit below which a reduction in yield occurs. The procedure described in this work appears to be suitable for supplementary N management in potato crop. It can be used very easily for decision making on time and rate of supplementary N to potato.
Anthropometric and physical characteristics in U16, U18 and U20 elite French youth rugby union players

The aims of this study in elite youth French players were to 1) describe the anthropometric and physical characteristics of international and non-international players from U16 to U20, and 2) compare these characteristics across age categories and playing standard (international or non-international). Altogether, 1423 players from the French Rugby Federation’s academies participated in a physical testing battery, part of its national young player development pathway. From seasons 2010 to 2020, players were assessed for anthropometric (body mass and height), off-field (bench press; isometric squat, vertical jump) and on-field physical characteristics (aerobic capacity: maximal aerobic speed [MAS]; speed: 10-m, 50-m sprint). A 2-way mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare physical characteristics across age categories and playing standards. Two separate models were used for forwards and backs. A main statistical effect was observed for age category and playing standard (range p < 0.05 –p < 0.001). Pair-wise category comparisons showed that older players were generally taller, heavier, stronger, faster and demonstrated better aerobic qualities than younger peers. The same results were observed for INT compared with NI players while INT forwards were also taller and heavier than NI peers (range p < 0.01 –p < 0.001). Findings revealed a clear progression in anthropometric characteristics and physical qualities throughout the age development pathway in elite young French rugby players. Findings also identified certain physical qualities (strength, power and speed) necessary at younger levels to achieve international standard.