Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the 5-m Shuttle Run Test on Markers of Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Fatigue in Healthy Male Athletes

Physical exercise is often associated with increases in muscle damage markers and inflammation. However, biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation responses to the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT) have not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of the 5mSRT on muscle damage markers, inflammation, and perception of fatigue and recovery in healthy male athletes. Fifteen male amateur team sports players (age: 20 ± 3 yrs, height: 173 ± 7 cm, body-mass: 67 ± 7 kg) participated in this study. Blood biomarkers were collected at rest, 5 min after, and 72 h after the 5mSRT to measure muscle damage (i.e., creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)) and inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP)). Best distance (BD), total distance (TD), fatigue index (FI), and percentage decrement (PD) during the 5mSRT were assessed. Perceived recovery (PRS) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were recorded before, 5 min after, and 72 h after the 5mSRT; perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded before, during, and 72 h after the 5mSRT. Muscle damage biomarkers post 5mSRT showed a significant increase compared to pre 5mSRT (p < 0.001) levels ((i.e., CK (190.6 ± 109.1 IU/L vs. 234.6 ± 113.7 IU/L), LDH (163.6 ± 35.1 IU/L vs. 209.9 ± 50.8 IU/L), ASAT (18.0 ± 4.4 IU/L vs. 21.7 ± 6.2 IU/L), and ALAT (10.2 ± 3.4 IU/L vs. 12.7 ± 3.8 IU/L)) and 72 h post 5mSRT (p < 0.001) levels ((CK (125.3 ± 80.5 IU/L vs. 234.6 ± 113.7 IU/L), LDH (143.9 ± 36.6 IU/L vs. 209.9 ± 50.8 IU/L), ASAT (15.0 ± 4.7 IU/L vs. 21.7 ± 6.2 IU/L), and ALAT (8.6 ± 2.4 IU/L vs. 12.7 ± 3.8 IU/L)). CRP was also significantly higher post 5mSRT compared to pre 5mSRT (2.1 ± 2.5 mg/L vs. 2.8 ± 3.3 mg/L, p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (1.4 ± 2.3 mg/L vs. 2.8 ± 3.3 mg/L, p < 0.001). Significant correlations were reported between (i) physical performance parameters (i.e., PD, FI, TD, and BD), and (ii) markers of muscle damage (i.e., CK, LDH, ASAT, and ALAT) and inflammation (i.e., CRP). Similarly, DOMS and RPE scores were significantly higher post 5mSRT compared to pre 5mSRT (2.4 ± 1.0UA vs. 6.7 ± 1.1UA and 2.1 ± 0.6 UA vs. 8.1 ± 0.6 UA, respectively p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (1.9 ± 0.7 UA vs. 6.7 ± 1.1 UA and 1.5 ± 0.6 UA vs. 8.1 ± 0.6 UA, respectively p < 0.001). PRS scores were significantly lower post 5mSRT as compared to pre 5mSRT (6 ± 1 UA vs. 3 ± 1 UA, p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (7 ± 1 UA vs. 3 ± 1 UA, p < 0.001). Significant correlations existed between (i) performance parameters (PD, FI, TD, and BD) and (ii) RPE, PRS, and DOMS. The 5mSRT increased biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation, as well as the DOMS and RPE and reduced the PRS. Seventy-two hours was sufficient for fatigue recovery induced by the 5mSRT. PD is better than FI for the calculation of performance decrements during the 5mSRT to represent fatigue.
Mycorrhizal Inoculation and High Arsenic Concentrations in the Soil Increase the Survival of Soybean Plants Subjected to Strong Water Stress

Soybean (Glycine max L.) cropping is increasing in marginal environments, including water-limited lands, some of which are loaded with arsenic (As). Plants inoculated with mycorrhiza increased their tolerance to water stress. We studied the effect of a sudden and severe water stress on soybean inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in soils with increasing concentrations of As. Soybean plants were grown in greenhouse with adequate water supply for 60 days. Irrigation was stopped completely and soil abruptly reached the permanent wilting point. Most inoculated plants survived under such limiting water stress, but noninoculated plants were clearly affected. Arsenic showed a negative effect on plant growth but improved plant survival under this severe water stress. It seems that the negative effects of As on plant water equilibrium explain why plants affected by As survived extreme water stress events.
The influence of floods on the life history of dominant mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in a subtropical mountain stream

The larval life cycles and annual production of two mayfly (Ephemeroptera) species were studied in a subtropical low-order mountain stream. The relationship between precipitation and nymphal density, biomass (B) and secondary production was also investigated. Surber samples were taken weekly during a period of two years. Life spans were estimated from size-class frequency graphs and, independently, from nymphal length and environmental data. Annual production (P) was calculated using the size-frequency method. Thraulodes consortis (Leptophlebiidae) and Leptohyphes eximius (Leptohyphidae) showed asynchronous and continuous multivoltine life cycles. Mean life spans were 74 days for L. eximius and 124 days for T. consortis. Annual production values ranged from 1.4 to 4.05 g/m2 year in T. consortis, and from 0.28 to 0.93 g/m2 year in L. eximius. Annual P/B ratio ranged from 9 to 15 in T. consortis, and from 15 to 17 in L. eximius. Nymphal density and biomass declined abruptly after heavy storms but recovered quickly. Daily production was much higher in the dry than in the wet season for both species. Los ciclos de vida y la producción anual de dos especies de Ephemeroptera fueron investigados en un arroyo de montaña de bajo orden. Se estudió también la relación entre la precipitación y la densidad, biomasa (B) y produccion secundaria de las ninfas. Muestras Surber fueron tomadas semanalmente durante un período de dos años. La longitud del ciclo se vida se estimó a partir de gráficos de frecuencias de clases de talla, e independientemente, a partir de datos de longitud ninfal y datos ambientales. La producción annual (P) se calculó a través del método de frecuencia de tallas. Thraulodes consortis (Leptophlebiidae) y Leptohyphes eximius (Leptohyphidae) mostraron ciclos de vida multivoltinos, asincrónicos y continuos. La longitud media del ciclo de vida fue de 74 días para L. eximius y 124 días para T. consortis. La producción anual varió entre 1,4–4,05 g/m2 en T. consortis, y 0,28–0,93 g/m2 en L. eximius. La razón P/B anual estuvo en el rango 9–15 en T. consortis, y 15–17 en L. eximius. La densidad y biomasa ninfal decayó abruptamente después de tormentas fuertes, pero se recuperaron rápidamente. La producción secundaria diaria para ambas especies fue mucho mayor en la época seca que en la húmeda.
Rapid eye movement sleep patterns of brain activation and deactivation occur within unique functional networks

Abstract Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a paradoxical state where the individual appears asleep while the electroencephalogram pattern resembles that of wakefulness. Regional differences in brain metabolism have been observed during REM sleep compared to wakefulness, but it is not known whether the spatial distribution of metabolic differences corresponds to known functional networks in the brain. Here, we use a combination of techniques to evaluate the networks associated with sites of REM sleep activation and deactivation from previously published positron emission tomography studies. We use seed‐based functional connectivity from healthy adults acquired during quiet rest to show that REM‐activation regions are functionally connected in a network that includes retrosplenial cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and extrastriate visual cortices, corresponding to components of the default mode network and visual networks. Regions deactivated during REM sleep localize to right‐lateralized fronto‐parietal and salience networks. A negatively correlated relationship was observed between REM‐activation and deactivation networks. Together, these findings show that regional activation and deactivation patterns of REM sleep tend to occur in distinct functional connectivity networks that are present during wakefulness, providing insights regarding the differential contributions of brain regions to the distinct subjective experiences that occur during REM sleep (dreaming) relative to wakefulness.
Recovery of Native Earthworms in Abandoned Tropical Pastures

Abstract: Regeneration of secondary forests is recognized as an important means for the recovery of native species biodiversity in human‐disturbed tropical lands. Native earthworms are often replaced with exotic species after deforestation. We studied changes in earthworm diversity and community structure along a chronosequence of abandoned tropical pastures in the Cayey Mountains of Puerto Rico. This chronosequence consisted of active pastures, young secondary forests 25–40 years old, and mature secondary forests>77 years old. Earthworm diversity increased along successional stages. The exotic soil‐feeding earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus dominated the pastures and young secondary forests. Five native earthworm species ( litter feeders Borgesia sedecimsetae, Estherella sp., Onychochaeta borincana, Neotrigaster rufa, and Trigaster longissimus ) were found in the mature forests, together with P. corethrurus. Earthworm density was highest in the active pastures ( 273 individuals/m2 ), decreased as forest regeneration proceeded, and was lowest in the mature forests ( 88 individuals/m2 ). Our results suggest that regeneration of mature secondary forests, and the consequent increase in litter biomass on the forest floor, can promote the recovery of earthworm diversity and native species of earthworms in old tropical pastures.
The effects of novel mutations in A1 domain of human coagulation factor VIII on its secretion level in cultured mammalian cells

Inefficient secretion of the human coagulation factor (hFVIII) in mammalian expression systems is one of the main causes of the hFVIII low expression level, attributed to its interaction with a chaperone known as BiP/GRP78. In order to improve secretion efficiency of the hFVIII, based on the higher secretion level of the porcine FVIII and analysis of the hFVIII A110 region, that inhibits its secretion, function of three novel Bdomain deleted hFVIII mutant including; two singlemutants (Leu299Phe and Phe309Thr) and a doublemutant (Tyr323His/Lys325Arg) were examined in three mammalian cell lines (HEK-293T, COS, CHO) for the hFVIII secretion efficiency. The double-mutant construct displayed the highest hFVIII expression level, about seven-fold as much the base-line. The doublemutant hFVIII was biologically active and its inactivation patterns by EDTA and heat was similar to that of the non-mutant hFVIII. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results showed the highest mRNA level for the doublemutant hFVIII. Both of the mutated residues in the double-mutant are located in a hydrophobic heptamer ( 320 MEAYVKV 326 ) that seems to be involved in Bipbinding activity. None of the L299F and F309T hFVIII mutants exhibited improved secretion. This result has provided convincing evidence for the increasing effect of the double-mutant on the hFVIII secretion and transcription efficiencies.
Prognostic Value of P25/30 Cortical Somatosensory Evoked Potential Amplitude After Cardiac Arrest*

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic performance of the peak amplitude of P25/30 cortical somatosensory evoked potentials in predicting nonawakening in targeted temperature management-treated cardiac arrest patients. Design: Prospective analysis. Setting: Four academic tertiary care hospitals. Patients: Eighty-seven cardiac arrest survivors after targeted temperature management. Interventions: Analysis of the amplitude of P25/30. Measurements and Main Results: In all participants, somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded after rewarming, and bilaterally absent pupillary and corneal reflexes were evaluated at 72 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation. We analyzed the amplitudes of the N20 and P25/30 peaks and the N20–P25/30 complex in cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. Upon hospital discharge, 87 patients were dichotomized into the awakening and nonawakening groups. The lowest amplitudes of N20, P25/30, and N20–P25/30 in the awakening patients were 0.17, 0.45, and 0.73 μV, respectively, and these thresholds showed a sensitivity of 70.5% (95% CI, 54.8–83.2%), 86.4% (95% CI, 72.7–94.8%), and 75.0% (95% CI, 59.7–86.8%), respectively, for nonawakening. The area under the curve of the P25/30 amplitude was significantly higher than that of the N20 amplitude (0.955 [95% CI, 0.912–0.998] vs 0.894 [95% CI, 0.819–0.969]; p = 0.036) and was comparable with that of the N20–P25/30 amplitude (0.931 [95% CI, 0.873–0.989]). Additionally, adding resuscitation variables or an absent brainstem reflex to the P25/30 amplitude showed a trend toward improving prognostic performance compared with the use of other somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes (area under the curve, 0.958; 95% CI, 0.917–0.999 and area under the curve, 0.974; 95% CI, 0.914–0.996, respectively). Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that the absence of the P25/30 peak and a reduction in the P25/30 amplitude may be considered prognostic indicators in these patients.
Risk for Subdeltoid Bursitis After Influenza Vaccination

BACKGROUND Subdeltoid bursitis has been reported as an adverse event after intramuscular vaccination in the deltoid muscle. Most published case reports involved influenza vaccine. OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk for subdeltoid bursitis after influenza vaccination. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING The Vaccine Safety Datalink, which contains health encounter data for 10.2 million members of 7 U.S. health care organizations. PATIENTS Persons who received an inactivated influenza vaccine during the 2016-2017 influenza season. MEASUREMENTS Potential incident cases were identified by searching administrative data for persons with a shoulder bursitis diagnostic code within 180 days after receiving an injectable influenza vaccine in the same arm. The date of reported bursitis symptom onset was abstracted from the medical record. A self-controlled risk interval analysis was used to calculate the incidence rate ratio of bursitis in a risk interval of 0 to 2 days after vaccination versus a control interval of 30 to 60 days, which represents the background rate. The attributable risk was also estimated. RESULTS The cohort included 2 943 493 vaccinated persons. Sixteen cases of symptom onset in the risk interval and 51 cases of symptom onset in the control interval were identified. The median age of persons in the risk interval was 57.5 years (range, 24 to 98 years), and 69% were women. The incidence rate ratio was 3.24 (95% CI, 1.85 to 5.68). The attributable risk was 7.78 (CI, 2.19 to 13.38) additional cases of bursitis per 1 million persons vaccinated. LIMITATION The results may not be generalizable to vaccinations done in other types of health care settings. CONCLUSION Although an increased risk for bursitis after vaccination was present, the absolute risk was small. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Temporal concentrations of sunscreen compounds (Mycosporine-like Amino Acids) in phytoplankton and in the New Zealand krill, Nyctiphanes australis G.O. Sars

This study investigated the relationship between seasonal changes in ambient UV-R, and sunscreen concentrations in phytoplankton and krill. Concentrations of mycosprine-like amino acid (MAA) sunscreens were quantified in phytoplankton communities and in the krill Nyctiphanes australis over a 1-year period off the Otago Coast, New Zealand Ambient UV-B and UV-A ranged from a minimum mean daily dose of 2.19 × 10 4 kJ day -1 and 0.73 x 10 6 kJ day -1 in June, to a maximum in January of 20.19 x 10 4 kJ day -1 and 4.88 x 10 6 kJ day 1 , respectively. Concentrations of MAAs (consisting almost entirely of Mycosporine-glycine) in the phytoplankton community were lowest in August (5.6 nmol μg -1 Chl) when UV-R irradiances were minimal and highest in January (41.4 nmol μg -1 Chl) when UV-R irradiances were maximal. Nyctiphanes australis was found to contain jive identified MAAs (mycosporine-glycine, shinorine, Porphyra-334, palythine and palythinol) and several unknown UV-R absorbing compounds. Concentrations ranged from 4.73 to 15.51 nmol mg∼1 dw, with little indication of a seasonal cycle that could be correlated with changes in either phytoplankton MAA concentrations or ambient UV-R irradiances. The findings suggest that krill are neither accumulating MAAs in response to changes in MAA concentrations in their phytoplankton food, or that MAA concentrations in krill are increased in response to higher ambient UV-R irradiances. Concentrations of MAAs in krill body parts (carapace, legs, eyes, antennae, muscle) were similar (4.89-5.98 nmol mg -1 dw), with the exception of the carapace (2.03 nmol mg -1 dw).
Reliable Postmortem Molecular Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis

Abstract Anaphylaxis is a serious reaction that may cause death in half an hour without diagnostic characteristic in autopsies. Mast cell (MC) degranulation combined with immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays the key roles in anaphylaxis. Unavailability of serum and instability of measured serum in postmortem diagnoses sometimes limit the opinion of medical experts. Allergic tissues are more accessible than serum, and there is a little research on degranulated mast cells and IgE in different human tissues, whereas we hardly know whether the expression will keep stable over the increasing postmortem interval (PMI). In this research, we examined the mast cell counts and degranulation rates and gE contents in human throat, lung, and intestine tissues and preliminarily investigated the correlation of these markers with PMI in anaphylaxis-associated death. Allergic samples showed a significant increase in mast cell degranulation accompanied by an increase in IgE levels than the control group, but the expression was not significantly correlated with increasing PMI only in throat tissues. Elevated mast cell degranulation combined with increased IgE levels may be a reliable biomarker for forensic diagnosis of human tissues due to IgE-mediated allergic sudden death.
Phylogeny and Reclassification of Anemone (Ranunculaceae), with an Emphasis on Austral Species

Abstract Previous phylogenies based on molecular data indicated that segregate genera from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (Hepatica, Pulsatilla, Knowltonia, Oreithales, and Barneoudia) are embedded within Anemone and should be subsumed within the genus. Based on a new phylogeny that substantially increases the sampling of the austral anemones (especially from Africa), we present a formal reclassification of Anemone s. l. We analyzed combined sequence data (chloroplast atpB-rbcL spacer and nuclear ITS regions) for 55 species of Anemone s. l. , using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony. The segregate genera, Oreithales and Barneoudia, nest within Anemone and are included in a well supported clade (subgenus Anemone, section Pulsatilloides) consisting largely of Southern Hemisphere species. The Mexican A. mexicana is sister to all remaining members of section Pulsatilloides, which consists of two clades: a poorly supported South American and Tasmanian clade (A. sellowii, A. helleborifolia, A. rigida, Barneoudia and Oreithales species, and A. crassifolia) and a highly supported southern African clade including nine species of Knowltonia and eight species of Anemone. Anemone antucensis (Chile, Argentina) falls in a separate clade (subgenus and section Anemonidium) that is sister to A. tenuicaulis (New Zealand). Anemone thomsonii (eastern Africa) and A. somaliensis (Somalia) are in a clade (subgenus and section Anemone) composed largely of Northern Hemisphere species. Anemone somaliensis is further associated with other Mediterranean tuberous anemones in subsection and series Anemone (A. coronaria, A. hortensis, and A. pavonina). The topology of both sections Pulsatilloides and Anemonidium suggest that anemones originated in the Northern Hemisphere and subsequently spread to the Southern Hemisphere, a pattern that is shared with other members of Ranunculaceae. We present a formal reclassification of Anemone s. l. , including the following new combinations and taxa of Anemone subgenus Anemone: subsections Alchemillifoliae, Anemonanthea, Barneoudia, Crassifoliae, Helleborifoliae, Kilimansharicae, Mexicanae, Oreithales, Rigidae, and Sellowii; series Carolinianae of subsection Anemone; plus the new combination Anemone balliana (= Barneoudia balliana).
The grouping of herring populations

The work of Colebrook & Robinson (1965) has shown that there are three groups of seasonal cycle in production in the north-east Atlantic. There are three ‘races’ of herring in the same area, spawning in autumn, winter and spring. Taking the dates of spawning of each ‘race’ and the date by which the larvae must have food, a connexion can be made between the herring race and the production cycle in the area in which it lives. It is assumed that the date of spawning is fixed and does not vary with environmental conditions. Once the connexion between herring race and production cycle is made, certain comparisons can be made between races in growth rate, reproductive capacity and in the variability of recruitment. It was tentatively concluded that the magnitude of the year-class in the three north-east Atlantic races must be determined before metamorphosis. After metamorphosis, herring live on the beaches where the production cycle must have quite a different character. Introduction Herring populations have been grouped as spring and autumn spawners ever since they have been examined scientifically. Autumn spawners have been further subdivided into early autumn (or summer) and late autumn (or winter) spawners (Johansen 1924). Since the discovery of sharp differences in fecundity and egg size between early and late autumn spav/ners (Polder & Zijlstra, 1959), the distinction between them has acquired the same status as that between autumn spawners and spring spawners. However, there are very marked differences between all three groups, and to relate them to then-calendar times of spawning it is proposed to name then ‘ autumn’ (formerly early autumn), ‘winter’ (formerly late autumn) and ‘spring’ spawners.