Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception of mothers on environmental risk factors for childhood diseases in Kebbi State of Nigeria

Background : This study examined the perception of mothers on environmental risk factors for childhood diseases in Kebbi State of Nigeria. The study adopted the Environment-Agent-Host chain of germ theory. Methods : The study employed the cross-sectional survey research design. The household constituted the unit of analysis. Data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents such as mother's educational attainment, income, occupation, marital status and religion as well as data on environmental risk factors of inhabitants were obtained using structured and semi-structured questionnaires and multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select respondents. Koko-Bese and Yauri LGA were sampled for the study and five of the 15 wards were sampled using the 2006 census locality and enumeration area list. Using table of random numbers 47 women aged 15-49 years for Yauri and Koko/Besse were selected. Tabulation involving frequencies and percentage was employed to analyze the socio-economic characteristics and environmental risk factors of women. Chi square was use ascertain dependency of child's death on as mother's educational attainment, income, occupation and marital status. Results : Findings show that incidences of childhood diseases were linked to mothers' age, education, income, social and religious affiliation in Kebbi State. The critical environmental risk factors for childhood diseases were food contamination, indoor and outdoor air pollution. Poor water sources, poor hygiene of water storage containers, unreliable methods of purification and treatment of water, and poor toilet facilities increase the risk of transmitting childhood diseases. Poor waste disposal, water pollution, climate change, use of pesticides, housing type/quality and community housing facilities were perceived as not conspicuous environmental risk factors to childhood diseases in Kebbi State. All null hypotheses postulated in this study were accepted meaning that mother's age, educational level, occupation, average monthly income, ethnic group, marital status are independent of the child's cause of death as seen from the samples. Conclusion : There is need to create awareness on environmental risk factors of childhood diseases through radio programmes and through community health workers in Kebbi State. There is a strong need for improving existing quality of health/sanitation with particular reference to environment risk factors of childhood diseases by conveying such concern to the stakeholders and policy makers in Kebbi State. Keywords : Childhood diseases, Environmental risk factors, Outdoor pollution, Indoor pollution, Kebbi
Female Sterilization by Tubal Ligation During C-Section in Women with a History of 2 or More C-Section

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine bilateral tubal ligation incidence performed during C-section in women with a history of 2 or more C-section and the factors affecting sterilization demand.Study Design: Patients who were admitted to Zekai Tahir Burak Woman's Health, Education and Research Hospital between February 2017 and June 2017 and who had a history of 2 or more C-section between week 37 and 41 were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. These subjects were separated into 2 groups according to whether they wanted bilateral tubal ligation during C-section. Bilateral tubal ligation was performed by means of modified Pomeroy technique. Both groups were compared in terms of age, gravida, number of children living at home, education level and income status. Patients who did not want bilateral tubal ligation were asked to fill a questionnaire involving reasons for not asking for bilateral tubal ligation.Results: The number of patients who wanted bilateral tubal ligation was 51 (43%) while those who did not want bilateral tubal ligation was 67 (57%). Compared with patients who did not want bilateral tubal ligation, patients who wanted bilateral tubal ligation had more number of children at home and a higher number of previous C-section (p<0.001). Reasons for not wanting bilateral tubal ligation consisted of religious beliefs (26.8%), desire for protection with a reversible contraceptive method (17.9%), partner who does not want bilateral tubal ligation (17.9%), incompletely family size (13.4%), respectively according to their frequency.Conclusion: bilateral tubal ligation for contraception during C-section was performed forty-three percent of women who had had a history of 2 or more C-section. In one fourth of the cases, pregnant women did not want bilateral tubal ligation due to religious beliefs.
Large-eddy simulation of a bluff-body stabilised nonpremixed flame with radiation heat transfer

Turbulence-radiation interactions are studied in this work for large-eddy simulations (LES) of an artificially scaled configuration based on the Sydney bluff-body burner. This investigation is performed by applying the combustion model flamelet generated manifolds, and the transported PDF Eulerian stochastic field method is employed to account for turbulence-chemistry interaction. The radiative transfer equation is solved with the finite volume method, while the gas radiative properties are calculated using the non-gray weighted-sum-of-gray-gases (WSGG) model. For the solution of the energy conservation equation in LES, the filtered radiative source term, which is the difference between the filtered absorption term and the filtered emission term, is required. The absorption term is modelled with the optically thin fluctuation approximation and the emission term is computed by either omitting or considering the subgrid-scale contribution. The results indicate that the difference between the emission term calculated with these two procedures is significant only in the regions where the emission term is relatively small. Moreover, no relevant differences in the profiles of mean temperature computed for those two cases were found. These results suggest that the subgrid-scale contribution may be neglected for LES investigation of the considered configuration.
On Large Ground Station Antennas as Potential Radar Targets for Biomass

Biomass is een goedgekeurde ESA satelliet missie om waarnemingen te doen van de bebossing van de aarde met behulp van een radar instrument op een satelliet. De centrale werk-frekwentie is 435 MHz bij een bandbreedte van 6MHz. Grondstation antennes kunnen als een radar doel fungeren, omdat de monostatische back scattering vrij sterk kan zijn. Een en ander is afhankelijk van de antenne configuratie. De Biomass radar kan hier mogelijk gebruik van maken.
Autism screening in children: using the social communication questionnaire in a Western Cape population

9 INTRODUCTION.10 Changing Definitions of Autism.11 Autism Spectrum Disorder Epidemiology.14 Best Prognosis: Early Diagnosis . 15 ASD Screening Tools.17 The Social Communication Questionnaire.19 SCQ Validation Studies . 20 Sensitivity and specificity of the SCQ in very young population . 23 Sensitivity of non-English versions of the SCQ.26 Potential for Use of the SCQ in South Africa.27 RATIONALE.30 SPECIFIC AIMS.31 Aims of the Larger Study.31 Specific Aims of the Current Study.31 METHODS.32 Design and Setting.32 Ethical Considerations . 33 Informed consent.33 Confidentiality.33 Voluntary participation.33 Possible risks.34
Nutritional Evaluation of Selected Traditional Foods Commonly Consumed in Saudi Arabia

During the last few decades, Saudi Arabia experienced rapid nutritional transition associated with an alarming elevation in the prevalence of obesity and related chronic diseases. Traditional foods contribute to the usual diet of the population in Saudi Arabia and the nutritional evaluation of traditional foods is necessary to accurately estimate dietary intakes of the Saudi population. Therefore, the objective of the current work is to evaluate twenty-five traditional foods commonly consumed in Saudi Arabia based on their nutritional composition. Proximate composition and vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, iron, phytate and oxalate content were investigated. On fresh weight basis, the analyzed foods contained 1.17-16.19% (N × 6.25) protein, 0.25-17.84% fat, 2.57-68.30% carbohydrate, 0.31-2.26% dietary fiber, 0.67-2.90% ash and 17-430 kcal/g. The vitamin D content ranged from 0.0-75.88 IU/100g. Mineral content (mg/100g) of calcium, phosphorus and iron were 13.62-91.37, 22.33-200.37 and 0.51-4.44 respectively. Phytate and oxalate content (mg/100g) were 2.25-148.52 and 1.02-48.63 respectively. The studied traditional foods contributed 15-91%, 3-69% and 2-30% of the total food energy from carbohydrate, fat and protein respectively. Data from this study will be important to clarify nutritional value and nutrient contribution from common traditional foods in Saudi Arabia. Saudi dietary guidelines should take into consideration, the nutritive value and health aspects of traditional foods.
The Differentiated Effects of Direct Mobilisation on Turnout: Evidence from the 2013 Austrian Parliamentary Election

In recent years several European countries have experienced a significant decrease in turnout, even as the level of campaign professionalisation has been increasing. Since scholars have recognised mobilisation as a key aspect in determining turnout, this article aims to disentangle the effects of mobilisation on electoral participation. It will do this by focussing on the 2013 Parliamentary Election in Austria, which saw the lowest turnout rate ever recorded in that country. The data used are taken from the Austrian National Election Study Rolling Cross-Section Panel 2013. This data source allows for the dynamic analysis of campaign effects through LOWESS estimations of the daily means of the measures of interest. Moreover, its panel structure permits us to take under control the individual likelihood to turn out before the elections whilst studying the effects of various forms of party contact on self-reported turnout. The findings show that only personal forms of party contact significantly increase electoral participation. Furthermore, these forms are more effective in increasing the turnout among low-propensity voters. Overall, one of the main contributions of the work is to provide differentiated estimations of the effects of various forms of party contact on turnout, computed on the same sample and concerning the same electoral context.
International Risk Analysis Based on The Portfolio Diversification: The Case of Prague Stock Exchange

Stock exchanges are constantly prone to instability caused by asset bubbles. Risk level within the stock exchanges stands as the main concern for the financial investors. Stock prices are influenced by the choices completed on the domestic and international environment. The study intends to measure the risk level of the Prague Stock Exchange (PSE) from the internal risk perspectives. Portfolio diversification formula has been implemented to obtain the risk level of the PSE from 2000 till 2017. Stock prices and the trade volume of the listed companies in the PSE were collected from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database. PSE has been considered as a portfolio based on the number of listed companies on the respective years. The results confirm that financial investors in the PSE would be compensated for the risk exposure. Diversification risk and weighted average returns from 2000 till 2017 were almost moving identically. The results indicate that PSE was influenced from the last financial crises of 2008, confirmed from a decline in the weighted average returns and an increase in the diversification risk. The results of the study stand in line with the theoretical paradigms that increase in the number of stocks that reduces the `diversification risk of the portfolio.
Learning Management Systems and Student Performance

In today’s technology driven societies, academic institutions, especially at the tertiary level, are incorporating Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), utilizing learning management systems (LMS) and adopting blended learning approaches to improve student performance and enhance student learning. Currently a good deal of research is conducted to assess the effectiveness of such techniques and technologies on student learning and performance. A great deal of this research deals with LMS’s, e-learning platforms, such as Blackboard, but not much is being conducted on LMS’s provided by publishing companies, like McGraw Hill Education, whose course management systems are available for a range of courses and being used throughout the world. This paper examines the effectiveness of McGraw Hill Education’s Connect on improving student grades in a pre-calculus course at a university in a Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) country. Using simple and multiple linear regression analysis to investigate whether there was a relationship between the Connect online assignments’ grades and the total course grade of students in the course, and two independent sample t-tests to compare the grades between two pre-calculus courses (one taught using the Connect component, and the other taught in the traditional format) results show that using Connect has positive impact on student grades.
Degree and Pattern of Hearing impairment among patients attending in Audiology department of a tertiary level Hospital in Bangladesh

Objectives: To determine the degree and pattern of hearing impairment among patients attending audiology department of a tertiary level hospital. Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study which was carried out in the department of audiology of National Institute of ENT(NIENT) during the period of March 2015 to June 2017. A total number of 8338 patients complaining hearing impairment were included in this study. The clinical diagnosis was established by history, detailed clinical examination including otoscopic examination and all findings were recorded. Hearing assessment was done by different hearing tests according to age and need of patient. Pure Tone Average (PTA) was done on averaging the hearing threshold at 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz. Results: In this study majority of patients (30.1%) were within 25-40 years of age and most of the patients (61.27%) were male. Mild degree of hearing loss was found to have higher prevalence (40.9%) compared to other degrees of hearing losses and more than half (52.5%) of our study population had conductive hearing loss. Conclusion: Mild degree of hearing impairment and conductive type of hearing impairment are more prevalent. Audiological evaluation especially in suspected hearing impaired patient should be a priority.
VARIATION OF PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE WITH BODY MASS INDEX IN THE FIRST YEAR MALE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF VISWABHARATHI MEDICAL COLLEGE, KURNOOL

Background: Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory maneuver starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The pulmonary disorders due to obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity. Aims: To study the effect of Body Mass Index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Medical students. Methods & Methods: study was performed on 60 Male age group of 17-22 Years, categorized as normal Weight BMI= 18.5-24.99kg/m2 and overweight BMI= 25-29.99 Kg/m2. There were 30 students with normal Weight BMI and 30 students with overweight BMI. Normal weight BMI subjects acted as control group to compare the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with over weight. The parameters studied were weight, height, age, body mass index and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Student’s unpaired t-test was used for two group’s comparison. Results: The results of the investigation revealed a significantly lower Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among the overweight BMI subjects compared to normal weight BMI subjects. Conclusion: Thus it is evident from the present study that obesity significantly affects the pulmonary functions which may give rise to long term complications and may lead to early morbidity and mortality. Key words: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Body Mass Index; Obesity.
A study on the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding obesity among engineering college students

Background: Obesity is one of the most prevalent form of malnutrition in both developed and developing countries and affecting both children as well as adults. Obesity is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. It is also an important risk factor in the natural history of certain chronic non-communicable diseases. Strategies for preventing obesity offer a cost-effective approach in preventing chronic non-communicable diseases. Awareness level is the basic necessity to effect a change in behavior. The objectives of the study were to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding obesity among students of an engineering college. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross sectional type carried out among students of an engineering college in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The study was carried out on 240 students of the engineering college after obtaining proper informed consent. The KAP parameters were assessed using pretested structured questionnaire and physical examination for anthropometry to measure BMI was done. Results: 58.3% of the study group were males. It was found that 61% of the participants had normal BMI range and 20% fell above the range of normal BMI (i.e. ≥25) and the remaining were underweight (19%). Among the overweight and obese individuals 54.16% were males and 45.83% were females. 54.16% of the students had knowledge that they were entering into obesity and the rest felt they were normal. 73% had the belief that exercise would help in overcoming obesity. It was found that 70% of them were able to exercise but did not have a regular routine. More alarmingly 89.5% of the students did not take any steps to overcome obesity. Conclusions: The study provides the information that the participant had good knowledge and attitude regarding obesity but failed in practicing necessary measures to control and prevent it. Health education, frequent monitoring and conducting interventional programs among students would be vital.
Perception on bioethics and animal welfare by veterinarians

The present study investigated veterinarians’ perceptions of bioethics and animal welfare training. Participants were divided in two groups: Group 1 graduated in or before 2003, and Group 2 graduated after 2003. One hundred forty participants completed the questionnaire: 62 (44.3%) from Group 1 and 78 (55.7%) from Group 2. One participant (1.6%) in Group 1 and 8 participants (10.2%) in Group 2 were taught bioethics as an elective or required course before graduating (p=0.003). Fifty-nine participants (95.2%) from Group 1 and 75 (96.2%) from Group 2 believed thata bioethics course should be required to graduate (p=0.959). Four participants (6.4%) from Group 1 and 24 (30.8%) from Group 2 were taught animal welfare as an elective or required course before graduating (p=0.003). Fifty-seven participants (91.9%) from Group 1 and 77 (98.7%) from Group 2 believed that animal welfare should be requiredto graduate(p=0.959). All participants considered both subjects highly relevant to the profession. Most participants were not taught bioethics or animal welfare courses before graduating; however, the availability of these courses increased after 2003. It was concluded that more emphasis should be given to teaching bioethics and animal welfare in veterinary undergraduate training.
Insights into the Sense of Belonging from Women of Color: Interconnections of Cultural Competence, Expectations, Institutional Diversity, and Counterspaces

Belonging has been described as a basic human need (Strayhorn, 2012) associated with academic success. Yet, research suggests that students from minoritized social identity groups report a lower sense of belonging than their privileged peers. Data collected via a grounded theory study offer qualitative insight into the development of belonging for Women of Color during their first semester at a predominately white university. In this paper, we use the term Women of Color, as described by Mohanty (1991) to refer to the “sociopolitical designation for [women] of African, Caribbean, Asian and Latin American descent, and Native peoples of the U.S. [and]… new immigrants to the U.S.” (p. 7). Rich student narratives reveal previously undocumented interconnections among the development of a sense of belonging, cultural competency, unmet expectations, lack of compositional and structural diversity, and campus counterspaces.
Alteration of brain dynamics during natural dual-task walking

While walking in our natural environment, we continuously solve additional cognitive tasks. This increases the demand of resources needed for both the cognitive and motor systems, resulting in Cognitive-Motor Interference (CMI). While it is well known that a performance decrease in one or both tasks can be observed, little is known about human brain dynamics underlying CMI during dual-task walking. Moreover, a large portion of previous investigations on CMI took place in static settings, emphasizing the experimental rigor but overshadowing the ecological validity. To address these problems, we developed a dual-task walking scenario in virtual reality (VR) combined with Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI). We aimed at investigating how brain dynamics are modulated during natural overground walking while simultaneously performing a visual discrimination task in an ecologically valid scenario. Even though the visual task did not affect performance while walking, a P3 amplitude reduction along with changes in power spectral densities (PSDs) during dual-task walking were observed. Replicating previous results, this reflects the impact of walking on the parallel processing of visual stimuli, even when the cognitive task is particularly easy. This standardized and easy to modify VR-paradigm helps to systematically study CMI, allowing researchers to control the complexity of different tasks and sensory modalities. Future investigations implementing an improved virtual design with more challenging cognitive and motor tasks will have to investigate the roles of both cognition and motion, allowing for a better understanding of the functional architecture of attention reallocation between cognitive and motor systems during active behavior.
Nitrogen sufficiency index for estimating nitrogen fertilizer requirement of irrigated rice

The proper nitrogen management is required to achieve high irrigated rice yield. This study aimed to determine the rice response to nitrogen topdressing doses and calibrate the chlorophyll meter reading. Three experiments were conducted in a randomized block design. In the first experiment, five N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha -1 ) were evaluated as the first, and 30 kg ha -1 N as the second topdressing, which were combined with the application of 30 kg ha -1 N as the first and five N rates, as the second topdressing. The other experiments assessed the application of 30 kg ha -1 of N, as the first, and four N rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha -1 ), as the second topdressing. There was a response to N application, with maximum technical efficiency reaching 33 kg ha -1 in the first and between 40 and 50 kg ha -1 in the second topdressing. The chlorophyll meter was sensitive to estimate the amount of N to be applied in topdressing, using the nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI). To each percent unit of NSI below 95%, one should apply 10 kg ha -1 of N as the first and 2-3 kg ha -1 of N as the second