Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient Satisfaction With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study

Background New York City was the international epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care providers responded by rapidly transitioning from in-person to video consultations. Telemedicine (ie, video visits) is a potentially disruptive innovation; however, little is known about patient satisfaction with this emerging alternative to the traditional clinical encounter. Objective This study aimed to determine if patient satisfaction differs between video and in-person visits. Methods In this retrospective observational cohort study, we analyzed 38,609 Press Ganey patient satisfaction survey outcomes from clinic encounters (620 video visits vs 37,989 in-person visits) at a single-institution, urban, quaternary academic medical center in New York City for patients aged 18 years, from April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Time was categorized as pre–COVID-19 and COVID-19 (before vs after March 4, 2020). Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests and multivariable linear regression were used for hypothesis testing and statistical modeling, respectively. Results We experienced an 8729% increase in video visit utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the same period last year. Video visit Press Ganey scores were significantly higher than in-person visits (94.9% vs 92.5%; P<.001). In adjusted analyses, video visits (parameter estimate [PE] 2.18; 95% CI 1.20-3.16) and the COVID-19 period (PE 0.55; 95% CI 0.04-1.06) were associated with higher patient satisfaction. Younger age (PE –2.05; 95% CI –2.66 to –1.22), female gender (PE –0.73; 95% CI –0.96 to –0.50), and new visit type (PE –0.75; 95% CI –1.00 to –0.49) were associated with lower patient satisfaction. Conclusions Patient satisfaction with video visits is high and is not a barrier toward a paradigm shift away from traditional in-person clinic visits. Future research comparing other clinic visit quality indicators is needed to guide and implement the widespread adoption of telemedicine.
Agricultural markets in Benin and Malawi

Based on original trader surveys, this paper examines how agricultural traders operate in Benin and Malawi. Results indicate that the largest transaction costs are search and transport. The use of modern technology is limited. Search methods rely principally on personal visits by the trader, and quality control requires the presence of the trader at the time of purchase. This increases costs, as the trader has to travel a lot, and makes it difficult for trading enterprises to grow. Since enterprises remain very small, personal transport and search time represent a non-negligible share of marketing costs.
Unspoken: Child–Perpetrator Dynamic in the Context of Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse

The literature on child sexual abuse (CSA) has contributed greatly to the understanding of child–perpetrator dynamic while mainly addressing the concepts of grooming and manipulation. Considerably less attention has been dedicated, however, to child–perpetrator dynamic in intrafamilial child sexual abuse (IFCSA). The current study examined how children perceive and experience the dynamic with their perpetrator parents in the context of IFCSA, as conveyed by victims. Analysis of 29 forensic interviews with children aged 8 to 14 years suggested above all, across all identified themes, the unspoken nature of IFCSA. Specifically, the children shared their surprise at the abusive incidents despite having described a long and unspoken grooming process. The children shared their understanding of the secretive nature of IFCSA although that too was unspoken, while illustrating the fear and terror in the family dynamic. Finally, the children discussed the elusiveness of the dynamic in terms of the natural and unnatural aspects of the relationship. The discussion addresses the unique nature of IFCSA and the family dynamic. The main implication for practice is the urgent need to modify existing instruction and training programs for practitioners to better adjust them to IFCSA survivors. More specifically, the elusive nature of IFCSA must be conveyed to both clinical and forensic practitioners who need to evaluate and intervene in with child survivors of IFCSA. In addition, the fear and terror that characterize the family dynamic and the unspoken, unbridled rule of the perpetrator fathers are of central importance in adapting interventions to children and their families in the context of IFCSA.
Stomach Contents of Chipmunks and Mantled Squirrels in Northeastern California

A study of feeding habits is important to an understanding of the rodent factor in forest ecology. But a mere list of foods does not indicate the complexity of interrelations between animals and food supplies, which differ markedly in kind and amount from place to place and vary enormously between seasons and from one year to another. Interpretation of the data is necessary. This paper attempts an interpretation of stomach analyses of 509 chipmunks of four species (Eutamias amoenus, speciosus, townsendi, and quadrimaculatus) and 273 mantled squirrels (Citellus lateralis), which are important kinds of diurnal rodents of the commercial timber belt of northeastern California. The area studied lies within a thirty mile radius of Quincy, Plumas County, California, where the granitic Sierra Nevada meets the Great Volcanic Plateau to the north and the arid Great Basin to the east. The merging of these vast geographic regions creates a complicated and congested biota, for many species come together which are widely separated elsewhere. Some habitats are occupied by all four kinds of chipmunks as well as the mantled squirrel. The forest is composed of ponderosa, Jeffrey, and sugar pines, Douglas fir, ,white fir, and incense cedar. It has been subjected to every degree of logging, and is broken by brushfields that are the heritage of disastrous fires. The chief shrubs of Volcanic and Sierran brushfields are manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula) and whitethorn (Ceanothus cordulatus). The technique of stomach analysis was described in an earlier paper (Tevis, 1952). The main point to be noted here is that the food was classified into types. An attempt was made to learn which foods maintained high numbers of rodents, to determine seasonal trends in feeding habits, and to compare the diets of different species. The work was done as part of an investigation of the influence of rodents on reforestation conducted by the Department of Zoology, University of California at Davis in cooperation with the California Forest and Range Experiment Station of the United States Forest Service. I am grateful to Dr. Tracy I. Storer for advice and assistance. Specimens were collected in 1951 from mid-March, when hiberators appeared, until the third week of the following September. This paper, then, is an account of feeding habits during one year. No two years are alike, and a sulmmary of the main features of 1951 follows. In spring-when occasional rain hastened the melting of patches of snowsurface fungi (Gyromitra, Peziza, and Morchella) were locally abundant; forbs and grasses greened the forest floor; one of the earliest of the herbs, a figwort, set quantities of seeds; manzanita yielded the heaviest flower crop in years; winged termites emerged from rotten logs on sultry afternoons; and ants and spiders were numerous.
Seed size, number and strategies in annual plants: a comparative functional analysis and synthesis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants depend fundamentally on establishment from seed. However, protocols in trait-based ecology currently estimate seed size but not seed number. This can be rectified. For annuals, seed number should simply be a positive function of vegetative biomass and a negative one of seed size. METHODS Using published values of comparative seed number as the 'golden standard' and a large functional database, comparative seed yield and number per plant and per m2 were predicted by multiple regression. Subsequently, ecological variation in each was explored for English and Spanish habitats, newly-calculated CSR strategies and changed abundance in the British flora. KEY RESULTS As predicted, comparative seed mass yield per plant was consistently a positive function of plant size and competitive ability and largely independent of seed size. Regressions estimating comparative seed number included, additionally, seed size as a negative function. Relationships differed numerically between regions, habitats and CSR strategies. Moreover, some species differed in life history over their geographical range. Practically, comparative seed yield per m 2 was positively correlated with FAO crop yield, and increasing British annuals produced numerous seeds. Nevertheless, predicted values must be viewed as comparative rather than absolute: they varied according to the 'golden standard' predictor used. Moreover, regressions estimating comparative seed yield m -2 achieved low precision. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, estimates of comparative seed yield and number for over 800 annuals and their predictor equations have been produced and the ecological importance of these regenerative traits has been illustrated. 'Regenerative trait-based ecology' remains in its infancy with work needed on determinate versus indeterminate flowering ('bet-hedging'), C-S-R methodologies, phylogeny, comparative seed yield per m 2 and changing life-history. Nevertheless, this has been a positive start and readers are invited to use estimates for >800 annuals, in the Supplementary Data, to help advance 'regenerative trait-based ecology' to the next level.
Reproduction of photographically identified fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus, from the Gulf of Maine

We photographically identified 534 individual fin whales ( Balaenoptera physalus ) in the Gulf of Maine from 1980 to 1988, including 64 females and 40 young. Arrival patterns of mother-young pairs were similar to other whales within years. Individual females showed strong site fidelity to either the northern or southern Gulf of Maine, suggesting substock separation on the feeding range. Gross annual rates of reproduction (proportion of individuals that were young-of-the-year) for the Gulf of Maine ranged from 0.03 to 0.12 ( X = 0.08) among years. Greater proportions of young were observed in samples from the southern Gulf of Maine ( X = 0.12) than in the northern Gulf of Maine ( X = 0.05). Greater proportions of females also were observed in the southern Gulf of Maine ( X = 0.22) than in the northern Gulf of Maine ( X = 0.10). The average time between consecutive births was 2.71 years, which represented a crude birth rate of 0.37 young per mature female per year. We estimated a potential mean interval of birthing of 2.24 years by making some assumptions for three females with incomplete sighting histories. The overall gross annual rates of reproduction that we observed were similar to rates predicted by harvest data, but rates from the northern Gulf of Maine were less than predicted. Spatial segregation of sexes or age classes may be occurring within the Gulf of Maine.
Cleft Lip and Palate YouTube Videos: Content Usefulness and Sentiment Analysis

Objective: This study aimed to describe the content of YouTube videos about cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to describe the sentiment analysis of related comments. Design: Retrospective, YouTube video, and sentiment analysis. Methods: YouTube videos (N = 112) about CLP were examined, including demographics and ratings of quality and usefulness. Comments on CLP (N = 205) were classified by content, and measured from negative (−5) to positive (+5) with a sentiment analysis program. Results: Videos were uploaded most often by universities and hospitals (25%) and health information sites (22%). Most videos were educational (49.1%) or described patient experiences (48.2%). The most frequent video topics were terminology, CLP treatment, and prenatal diagnosis information. Based on the comprehensiveness of CLP topics covered, videos were generally rated by authors as moderately useful (31.5%) or very useful (35.7%). Comments were mostly made by people with CLP (79%), and the median sentiment scores were +3, and −2 for positive and negative sentiments, respectively. General content categories were positive comments (24.8%), provided information about themselves (24.4%), negative comments (19.5%), comments on usefulness of video (17.6%), or advice (9.3%). While 36.1% of comments noted no difficulties, the remaining comments included difficulties with surgery pain (13.2%), psychological state (12.2%), embarrassment (11.7%), physical appearance (10.2%), long term therapy (9.8%), and speech problems (6.8%). Conclusions: Although useful and educational YouTube videos were available, the variability of content quality suggests that caution be used in relying on videos for information and that experts in CLP treatment should be consulted.
A Biomimetic Polymer Magnetic Nanocarrier Polarizing Tumor-Associated Macrophages for Potentiating Immunotherapy.

The progress of antitumor immunotherapy is usually limited by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that account for the highest proportion of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment, and the TAMs can also be reversed by modulating the M2-like phenotype. Herein, a biomimetic polymer magnetic nanocarrier is developed with selectively targeting and polarizing TAMs for potentiating immunotherapy of breast cancer. This nanocarrier PLGA-ION-R837 @ M (PIR @ M) is achieved, first, by the fabrication of magnetic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating Fe3 O4 NPs and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist imiquimod (R837) and, second, by the coating of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- treated macrophage membranes on the surface of the NPs for targeting TAMs. The intracellular uptake of the PIR @ M can greatly polarize TAMs from M2 to antitumor M1 phenotype with the synergy of Fe3 O4 NPs and R837. The relevant mechanism of the polarization is deeply studied through analyzing the mRNA expression of the signaling pathways. Different from previous reports, the polarization is ascribed to the fact that Fe3 O4 NPs mainly activate the IRF5 signaling pathway via iron ions instead of the reactive oxygen species-induced NF-κB signaling pathway. The anticancer effect can be effectively enhanced through potentiating immunotherapy by the polarization of the TAMs in the combination of Fe3 O4 NPs and R837.
Single-cell DNA amplicon sequencing reveals clonal heterogeneity and evolution in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive leukemia that is most frequent in children and is characterized by the presence of few chromosomal rearrangements and 10 to 20 somatic mutations in protein-coding regions at diagnosis. The majority of T-ALL cases harbor activating mutations in NOTCH1 together with mutations in genes implicated in kinase signaling, transcriptional regulation or protein translation. To obtain more insight in the level of clonal heterogeneity at diagnosis and during treatment, we used single-cell targeted DNA sequencing with the Tapestri platform. We designed a custom ALL panel and obtained accurate single-nucleotide variant and small insertion-deletion mutation calling for 305 amplicons covering 110 genes in about 4400 cells per sample and time point. A total of 108,188 cells were analyzed for 25 samples of 8 T-ALL patients. We typically observed a major clone at diagnosis (>35% of the cells) accompanied by several minor clones of which some were less than 1% of the total number of cells. Four patients had >2 NOTCH1 mutations some of which present in minor clones, indicating a strong pressure to acquire NOTCH1 mutations in developing T-ALL cells. By analyzing longitudinal samples, we detected the presence and clonal nature of residual leukemic cells as well as clones with a minor presence at diagnosis that evolved to clinically relevant major clones at later disease stages. Therefore, single-cell DNA amplicon sequencing is a sensitive assay to detect clonal architecture and evolution in T-ALL.
Decelerated dinosaur skull evolution with the origin of birds

The evolutionary radiation of birds has produced incredible morphological variation, including a huge range of skull form and function. Investigating how this variation arose with respect to non-avian dinosaurs is key to understanding how birds achieved their remarkable success after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Using a high-dimensional geometric morphometric approach, we quantified the shape of the skull in unprecedented detail across 354 extant and 37 extinct avian and non-avian dinosaurs. Comparative analyses reveal fundamental differences in how skull shape evolved in birds and non-avian dinosaurs. We find that the overall skull shape evolved faster in non-avian dinosaurs than in birds across all regions of the cranium. In birds, the anterior rostrum is the most rapidly evolving skull region, whereas more posterior regions—such as the parietal, squamosal, and quadrate—exhibited high rates in non-avian dinosaurs. These fast-evolving elements in dinosaurs are strongly associated with feeding biomechanics, forming the jaw joint and supporting the jaw adductor muscles. Rapid pulses of skull evolution coincide with changes to food acquisition strategies and diets, as well as the proliferation of bony skull ornaments. In contrast to the appendicular skeleton, which has been shown to evolve more rapidly in birds, avian cranial morphology is characterised by a striking deceleration in morphological evolution relative to non-avian dinosaurs. These results may be due to the reorganisation of skull structure in birds—including loss of a separate postorbital bone in adults and the emergence of new trade-offs with development and neurosensory demands. Taken together, the remarkable cranial shape diversity in birds was not a product of accelerated evolution from their non-avian relatives, despite their frequent portrayal as an icon of adaptive radiations.
Pulse pressure during the initial resuscitative period in patients with septic shock treated with a protocol-driven resuscitation bundle therapy

Background/Aims Maintaining a mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 65 mmHg during septic shock should be based on individual circumstances, but specific target is poorly understood. We investigated associations between time-weighted average (TWA) hemodynamic parameters during the initial resuscitative period and 28-day mortality. Methods Prospectively collected data were obtained from a septic shock patient registry, according to the Sepsis-3 definition, between 2016 and 2018. The TWA systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, MAP, shock index, and pulse pressure (PP) during the first 6 hours after shock recognition were compared. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess associations between these parameters and 28-day mortality. Results Of 340 patients with septic shock, 92 died. Only the median TWA PP differed between the survivors and non-survivors (39.2 mmHg vs. 43.0 mmHg, p = 0.020), whereas the other indexes did not. When PP was divided into quartiles (< 34, 34 to 40, 40 to 48, and > 48 mmHg), the mortality rate was higher in the highest quartile (41.2%). Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that PP (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.012 to 1.622; p = 0.039) and PP of > 48 mmHg (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.272 to 3.981; p = 0.005) were independently associated with 28-day mortality. Conclusions PP was significantly associated with 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock and MAP maintained at > 65 mmHg during the first 6 hours. Further studies are warranted to optimize strategies for maintaining PP and MAP at > 65 mmHg during the early resuscitative period.
Reduced Gritty Perseverance Partially Explains the Relationship Between Overinvolved Parenting and Stress in Physician Assistant Graduate Students.

PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to assess the role of noncognitive factors (socioeconomic status [SES], overinvolved parenting, and grit) in predicting perceived stress and grade point average (GPA) among graduate students enrolled in a physician assistant (PA) program. METHODS In this cross-sectional survey study, 98 PA students completed surveys measuring SES, overinvolved parenting, grit (passion), grit (perseverance), self-reported GPA, and perceived stress. RESULTS More overinvolved parenting was reported by PA students under the age of 25 years compared to those over the age of 25. Lower SES predicted higher perceived stress. After controlling for SES, grit (perseverance) partially mediated the relationship between overinvolved parenting and perceived stress. Neither parenting style nor grit was associated with GPA. CONCLUSIONS Younger PA students reported higher levels of overinvolved parenting. The relationship between experiences with overinvolved parenting and current levels of stress in PA school is partially explained by reduced gritty resilience.
Association between pre-operative right ventricular impairment on transthoracic echocardiography and outcomes after conventional and minimally invasive mitral valve surgery

Abstract Background Right ventricular (RV) impairment may have prognostic value in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. It is unclear whether RV dysfunction predicts long-term mortality, especially in the era of minimally invasive mitral surgery. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients referred for conventional (via sternotomy) and minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) between 01 January 2013 and 29 August 2018 in a tertiary cardiac centre. We truncated follow-up times at 25 March 2020. RV impairment was defined by reduced RV longitudinal function (TAPSE <17 mm) and/or dilated basal RV diameter (RVD1 > 42 mm). Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results The study cohort included 359 patients followed up for a median period of 4.2 (1.8) years. MIMVS approach was performed in 127 (35.4%) and conventional approach in 232 (64.6%) patients of whom 36 (28%) and 45 (19%), respectively, had RV impairment. EuroSCORE II was significantly higher in patients with RV impairment compared with patients with preserved RV function, irrespective of the surgical approach. Consequently, in both groups, patients with RV impairment had significantly higher mortality compared to patients with preserved RV function. RV impairment adjusted for EuroSCORE II predicted mortality in the whole cohort (HR 2.139, 95% CI 1.249–3.663) and in conventional approach (HR 2.361, 95% CI 1.249–4.465) in contrast to MIMVS (HR 1.570, 95% CI 0.493–4.997). Conclusion In this real world cohort, patients with RV impairment and/or dilation had reduced long-term survival following both conventional surgery and MIMVS. Patients should be referred to surgery prior to worsening of RV function.