Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The regulatory role of N6‐methyladenosine modification in the interaction between host and microbes

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent posttranscriptional modification in eukaryotic mRNAs. Dynamic and reversible m6A modification regulates gene expression to control cellular processes and diverse biological functions. Growing evidence indicated that m6A modification is involved in the homeostasis of host and microbes (mostly viruses and bacteria). Disturbance of m6A modification affects the life cycles of viruses and bacteria, however, these microbes could in turn change host m6A modification leading to human disease including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Thus, we raise the concept that m6A could be a “messenger” molecule to participate in the interactions between host and microbes. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of m6A modification on viruses and commensal microbiota, highlight the roles of m6A methylation in the interaction of host and microbes, and finally discuss drugs development targeting m6A modification.
Effects of early rehabilitation on functional outcomes in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Objective This study evaluated the effectiveness, feasibility, and safety of early rehabilitation for patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods In a three-arm randomized controlled trial, patients who underwent CABG from January 2018 to June 2018 were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (i) usual care (UC group); (ii) UC + single general ward rehabilitation (SGR group); and (iii) UC + general ward rehabilitation and intensive care unit (ICU) rehabilitation (IGR group). The primary outcome was the Barthel Index scores. Results The Barthel Index score for UC (75.3 ± 12.1) was significantly lower than that of both SGR (86.2 ± 14.1) and IGR (89.1 ± 15.5). There was no significant difference in the Barthel Index scores between the SGR and IGR groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the length of ICU stay and post-operative hospital stay but not in post-operative pulmonary complications (PPC) or atrial fibrillation between the three groups. Conclusion Early rehabilitation implemented during ICU stay and on the general ward resulted in significant improvements in functional independence and could be a safe part of routine care post-CABG.
A meta‐analysis of the relation between hippocampal volume and memory ability in typically developing children and adolescents

Memory is supported by a network of brain regions, with the hippocampus serving a critical role in this cognitive process. Previous meta‐analyses on the association between hippocampal structure and memory have largely focused on adults. Multiple studies have since suggested that hippocampal volume is related to memory performance in children and adolescents; however, the strength and direction of this relation varies across reports, and thus, remains unclear. To further understand this brain–behavior relation, we conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the association between hippocampal volume (assessed as total volume) and memory during typical development. Across 25 studies and 61 memory outcomes with 1357 participants, results showed a small, but significant, positive association between total hippocampal volume and memory performance. Estimates of the variability across studies in the relation between total volume and memory were not explained by differences in memory task type (delayed vs. immediate; relational vs. nonrelational), participant age range, or the method of normalization of hippocampal volumes. Overall, findings suggest that larger total hippocampal volume relates to better memory performance in children and adolescents and that this relation is similar across the memory types and age ranges assessed. To facilitate enhanced generalization across studies in the future, we discuss considerations for the field moving forward.
The mediating effect of attachment insecurity on circadian consequences of childhood trauma

ABSTRACT Circadian preferences have been associated with mental health as well as social and physical health in recent years. However, factors associated with circadian preferences have not been fully elucidated. The main aim of this study is to investigate the associations of childhood trauma and attachment styles with circadian preferences. A total of 673 participants were evaluated using the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire 28 (CTQ-28), and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire. The results indicated that 14.9% (n = 100) of the participants were morning type, 20.6% (n = 139) were evening type, and 64.5% (n = 434) were intermediate type. Both childhood trauma and attachment-related anxiety/avoidance scores were associated with being evening type (p < .01). Moreover, attachment-related anxiety and avoidance fully mediated the association between childhood trauma and circadian preferences. The present study showed that attachment styles might be associated with circadian preferences. Further studies are needed to replicate these results and to infer explanatory mechanisms for these cross-sectional associations.
Active Cycle of Breathing Technique: A Respiratory Modality to Improve Perioperative Outcomes in Patients With Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND Cancer and surgery put a physiologic and psychological burden on patients with lung cancer. The active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) has been considered as an effective airway clearance method for patients with lung diseases. Its effectiveness on perioperative outcomes in patients with lung cancer warrants study. OBJECTIVES This prospective study explored the effects of the ACBT on patients with lung cancer undergoing surgical resection. METHODS Patients were randomly allocated to the intervention (N = 34) or control group (N = 34). The intervention group received the ACBT, and the control group received usual pre-/postoperative breathing exercises. Outcomes included dyspnea, exercise capacity, anxiety, depression, and postoperative pulmonary complications. Intention-to-treat analysis was also performed. FINDINGS Dyspnea, anxiety, depression, and postoperative pulmonary complications were significantly improved at discharge for patients in the intervention group.
Outcome of therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndrome and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A propensity score matched analysis

Therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndromes (t‐MDS) are generally progressive and associated with poorer outcomes than de novo MDS (d‐MDS). To evaluate the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) for t‐MDS, we conducted a propensity score matched‐pair analysis of patients with t‐MDS and d‐MDS using a nationwide database. A total of 178 patients with t‐MDS underwent allo‐HSCT between 2001 and 2018, and 178 out of 3123 patients with d‐MDS were selected. The probability of 3‐year overall survival rate was 40.0% and 50.0% in the t‐MDS and d‐MDS groups, respectively (p = 0.032). The 3‐year transplant‐related mortality was 30.9% and 19.0% in the t‐MDS and d‐MDS groups, respectively (p = 0.005). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of relapse was 32.8% and 33.0% in the t‐MDS and d‐MDS groups, respectively (p = 0.983). A multivariate analysis identified four adverse factors for overall survival in the t‐MDS group: age ≥ 55 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.11–3.94; p = 0.023), the poor cytogenetic risk group (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.40–4.19; p = 0.019), performance status at allo‐HSCT 2–4 (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.19–3.86; p = 0.011), and a shorter interval from diagnosis to transplantation (<8 months; HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.00–2.57; p = 0.048). The most frequent cause of transplant‐related death was the infectious complications (21.6%) in t‐MDS group and organ failure (12.5%) in d‐MDS group. In conclusion, allo‐HSCT potentially provides long‐term remission in patients with t‐MDS; however, further efforts to reduce transplant‐related death are needed.
Effect of praseodymium in cation distribution, and temperature-dependent magnetic response of cobalt spinel ferrite nanoparticles

This work reports cation distribution, magnetic, structural, and morphological studies of rare-earth Pr doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles CoFe2−x Pr x O4 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 at%) fabricated by sol-gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy were utilized to study the structural and morphological characteristics of the prepared samples. Rietveld refinement by the Material Analyses Using Diffraction (MAUD) software showed the formation of mono-phase cubic spinel structure with Fd-3m space group; however, there was a trace of impure PrFeO3 phase for the sample CoFe1.96Pr0.04O4 (x = 0.06). Cation distribution was inferred from the XRD patterns using MAUD program. FESEM analysis revealed the spherical-shaped particles with dimensions close to the data extracted from XRD analysis and HRTEM images confirmed it. FTIR measurements revealed the presence of two prominent stretching vibrational modes confirming the successful formation of ferrite spinel structure. Magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were measured at two different temperatures 300 K and 10 K. For the low temperature of 10 K a high sensitive measurement method as Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometry was used and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) recorded the magnetic data at 300 K. Comparison of the magnetic results exhibited a significant enhancement with temperature drop due to the reduction in thermal fluctuations. Paramagnetic nature of rare-earth ions may be the main reason for M S decrement from 76 emu g−1 (x = 0.0) to 60 emu g−1 (x = 0.02) at 300 K. At 10 K, the estimated cation distribution played a vital role in justification of obtained magnetic results. All the obtained data showed that the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles can be implemented in permanent magnet industry and information storage fields, especially when it comes to lower temperatures.
The chemical composition of the aerial parts essential oil of S. spreitzenhoferi Heldr. (Lamiaceae) growing in Kythira island (Greece)

Abstract Stachys is a large genus of economically important plants belonging to Lamiaceae family that includes about 300 species as annual or perennial herbs. Several species of this genus are extensively used in various traditional medicines. In the present study the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Stachys spreitzenhoferi Heldr. , a very rare plant, belonging to Section Candidae, endemic of South Greece and collected in the island of Kythira, was analysed by GC-MS. No one reports have been previously published on this species. The result showed the presence of large quantity of diterpenoids with manoyl oxide (22.1%), as the most abundant component. Other metabolites present in high quantity were trans-nerolidol (18.5%), β-caryophyllene (11.0%) and germacrene D (8.1%). Chemotaxonomic considerations with respect all the other oils of Stachys taxa, belonging to the same section studied so far, were carried out. Graphical Abstract
Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Disease and Coronary Vasospasm in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Background A relevant proportion of patients with suspected coronary artery disease undergo invasive coronary angiography showing normal or nonobstructive coronary arteries. However, the prevalence of coronary microvascular disease (CMD) and coronary spasm in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease remains to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of coronary CMD and coronary vasospastic angina in patients with no obstructive coronary artery disease. Methods and Results A systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies assessing the prevalence of CMD and vasospastic angina in patients with no obstructive coronary artery disease was performed. Random‐effects models were used to determine the prevalence of these 2 disease entities. Fifty‐six studies comprising 14 427 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of CMD was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.36–0.47), epicardial vasospasm 0.40 (95% CI, 0.34–0.46) and microvascular spasm 24% (95% CI, 0.21–0.28). The prevalence of combined CMD and vasospastic angina was 0.23 (95% CI, 0.17–0.31). Female patients had a higher risk of presenting with CMD compared with male patients (risk ratio, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.11–1.90]). CMD prevalence was similar when assessed using noninvasive or invasive diagnostic methods. Conclusions In patients with no obstructive coronary artery disease, approximately half of the cases were reported to have CMD and/or coronary spasm. CMD was more prevalent among female patients. Greater awareness among physicians of ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries is urgently needed for accurate diagnosis and patient‐tailored management.
MLIR-based code generation for GPU tensor cores

The state-of-the-art in high-performance deep learning today is primarily driven by manually developed libraries optimized and highly tuned by expert programmers using low-level abstractions with significant effort. This effort is often repeated for similar hardware and future ones. In this work, we pursue and evaluate the more modular and reusable approach of using compiler IR infrastructure to generate libraries by encoding all the required optimizations as a sequence of transformations and customized passes on an IR. We believe that until the recent introduction of MLIR (Multi-level intermediate representation), it had been hard to represent and transform computation at various levels of abstraction within a single IR. Using the MLIR infrastructure, we build a transformation and lowering pipeline to automatically generate near-peak performance code for matrix-matrix multiplication (matmul) as well as matmul fused with simple pointwise operators targeting tensor cores on NVIDIA GPUs. On a set of problem sizes ranging from 256 to 16384, our performance evaluation shows that we can obtain performance that is 0.95× to 1.19× and 0.80× to 1.60× of cuBLAS for FP32 and FP16 accumulate respectively on NVIDIA’s Ampere based Geforce 3090 RTX. Furthermore, by allowing the fusion of common pointwise operations with matrix-matrix multiplication, we obtain performance ranging from 0.95× to 1.67× of a cuBLAS-based implementation. Additionally, we present matmul-like examples such as 3-d contraction and batched matmul, which the pipeline can efficiently handle while providing competitive performance. We believe that these results motivate further research and engineering on automatic domain-specific library generation using compiler IR infrastructure for similar specialized accelerators.
Mapping parallelism in a functional IR through constraint satisfaction: a case study on convolution for mobile GPUs

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are notoriously hard to optimize for manually. What is needed are good automatic code generators and optimizers. Accelerate, Futhark and Lift demonstrated that a functional approach is well suited for this challenge. Lift, for instance, uses a system of rewrite rules with a multi-stage approach. Algorithmic optimizations are first explored, followed by hardware-specific optimizations such as using shared memory and mapping parallelism. While the algorithmic exploration leads to correct transformed programs by construction, it is not necessarily true for the latter phase. Exploiting shared memory and mapping parallelism while ensuring correct synchronization is a delicate balancing act, and is hard to encode in a rewrite system. Currently, Lift relies on heuristics with ad-hoc mechanisms to check for correctness. Although this practical approach eventually produces high-performance code, it is not an ideal state of affairs. This paper proposes to extract parallelization constraints automatically from a functional IR and use a solver to identify valid rewriting. Using a convolutional neural network on a mobile GPU as a use case, this approach matches the performance of the ARM Compute Library GEMM convolution and the TVM-generated kernel consuming between 2.7x and 3.6x less memory on average. Furthermore, a speedup of 12x is achieved over the ARM Compute Library direct convolution implementation.
Business as usual through contact tracing app: what influences intention to download?

ABSTRACT A contact tracing app can positively support the requirement of social and physical distancing during a pandemic. However, there are aspects of the user’s intention to download the app that remain under-researched. To address this, we investigate the role of perceived privacy risks, social empowerment, perceived information transparency and control, and attitudes towards government, in influencing the intention to download the contact tracing app. Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we found eight different configurations of asymmetrical relationships of conditions that lead to the presence or absence of an intention to download. In our study, social empowerment significantly influences the presence of an intention to download. We also found that perceived information transparency significantly influences the absence of an intention to download the app.
Effects of three nanomaterials on growth, photosynthetic characteristics and production of reactive oxygen species of diatom Nitzschia Palea

ABSTRACT Harmful effect of nanomaterials on aquatic organisms has accelerated in recent decades due to the growth emission of nanomaterials into water. In the present study, we analysed the toxic effects of TiO2, ZnO and MWCTN on diatoms Nitzschia palea in both individual and a combined way. After a short-term (96 h) exposure, the changes of cell density, chlorophyll a, MDA, SOD, CAT, total protein content and morphological structure were determined. Our results showed that: (1) The growth of N. palea was inhibited with the increase of concentration of nanomaterials; (2) The chlorophyll a content of N. palea was sensitive to these three individual nanomaterials; (3) Low concentration of nanomaterials promoted the MDA content in N. palea, but high concentration inhibited it; (4) The protein content of N. palea increased first and then decreased, indicating that nanomaterial stress inhibited diatom protein synthesis and showed dose-effect relationship; (5) After nanomaterial exposure, the SOD enzyme activity of N. palea was significantly inhibited, the CAT enzyme activity showed significantly decreased after exposure, comparing with control. The results of this study provide data for the study of algae nano-toxicology and provide a theoretical basis for the study of the toxicity of nanomaterials to freshwater microalgae.
The experience of novice nurse faculty in Saudi Arabia

Abstract Objectives To understand the experience of novice nurse faculty members in Saudi Arabia and the influences on novice nurse graduates in their academic role. Methods A qualitative descriptive study grounded in naturalistic inquiry was used to better understand the experience of novice faculty in Saudi Arabia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 10 novice nurse faculty from nursing schools in Saudi universities. Data were collected until saturation was achieved. The researcher interviewed participants using a video conferencing platform, and all interviews were digitally audio-recorded. Content and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. Results There were four major themes: teaching on a peninsula, navigating in the dark, grappling with the faculty role, and working hard to create hope for a better tomorrow. Conclusions The findings add to the literature regarding the novice faculty experience, self-confidence, and the strategies needed to enhance their teaching performance.
Land Titling Patronage in Cities of Developing Countries: A Situation Analysis of Akure, Nigeria

Abstract The increasing land-use intensity in developing-country cities necessitates land markets supported by active land titling. The study of land titling patronage is critical in a developing country like Nigeria, where the state of development necessitates determining who has rights to lands, for what purposes, and for how long on the available relatively scarce expanse of land. Data for the study was obtained from the Ondo State Ministry of Lands and Housing and the household heads of the purposive selected private layouts/estates within the study area. Data were analyzed using both the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimates as well as discriminant function analysis. The findings revealed a monotonously decreasing trend in the demand for titling in the study area which was statistically significant at 0.01 in decreasing order from 2009 to 2018. Further analysis showed that the education level of the head of the household as well as propensity to obtain loan/engage in the subsequent transactions were the most important determinant as to whether a landowner would title land or not. The study will be useful for public enlightenment, policy formulation, policy implementation, professionals and scholars, as well as in academic debates.
Mechanisms driving self-organization phenomena in random plasmonic metasurfaces under multipulse femtosecond laser exposure: a multitime scale study

Abstract Laser-induced transformations of plasmonic metasurfaces pave the way for controlling their anisotropic optical response with a micrometric resolution over large surfaces. Understanding the transient state of matter is crucial to optimize laser processing and reach specific optical properties. This article proposes an experimental and numerical study to follow and explain the diverse irreversible transformations encountered by a random plasmonic metasurface submitted to multiple femtosecond laser pulses at a high repetition rate. A pump-probe spectroscopic imaging setup records pulse after pulse, and with a nanosecond time resolution, the polarized transmission spectra of the plasmonic metasurface, submitted to 50,000 ultrashort laser pulses at 75 kHz. The measurements reveal different regimes, occurring in different ranges of accumulated pulse numbers, where successive self-organized embedded periodic nanostructures with very different periods are observed by post-mortem electron microscopy characterizations. Analyses are carried out; thanks to laser-induced temperature rise simulations and calculations of the mode effective indices that can be guided in the structure. The overall study provides a detailed insight into successive mechanisms leading to shape transformation and self-organization in the system, their respective predominance as a function of the laser-induced temperature relative to the melting temperature of metallic nanoparticles and their kinetics. The article also demonstrates the dependence of the self-organized period on the guided-mode effective index, which approaches a resonance due to system transformation. Such anisotropic plasmonic metasurfaces have a great potential for security printing or data storage, and better understanding their formation opens the way to smart optimization of their properties.