Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of women in a new health order

"In recent years, thanks to the efforts of several voluntary agencies, there has been a growing national awareness of the deficiencies in our health and education systems, as also of the enormity of the deprivation discrimination to which our women are subjected to. If this awareness is channelized in constructive directions that could promote reappraisal of our present strategies and a reordering of the existing systems, the country will stand greatly benefited. The time has come for an honest, in-depth examination of the factors that underlie (1) the Poor out-reach of basic primary health-care to our rural masses despite impressive investments in our Public Health System; (2) the persistent high rates of female illiteracy in most parts of the country despite a vast programme of Primary Education, and (3) the shockingly poor status of large sections of Women of our society, both within the family and in the community at large. Fortunately, we already have some indication that the need for such reappraisal is now being widely recognised The National Perspective Plan for Women Report is welcome indication that, at the highest levels of our Government, it is now being openly recognised (and publicly owned) that our efforts a upliftment of the status of women during the last forty years after independence, have been inadequate and that new initiatives are now needed-this, despite the fact that we may not agree with all the 'solutions' suggested in that report. "
Ecological correlates contributing to reporting of school delinquency among Caribbean adolescents

Many studies have examined significant factors associated with school delinquency among adolescents, including relationship violence, property damage, and other serious threats to students’ safety. However, students’ coping behaviors after being victims of or witnesses to violence and other forms of delinquency have not been thoroughly examined. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by identifying significant factors at the individual, family, and school levels that affect 226 Caribbean students’ actual reporting of school delinquency to school personnel. The data for this study were obtained from the Caribbean Youth Violence Survey, which studied middle and high school students in five Caribbean countries. The findings of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that female students were more likely than male students to report delinquent behaviors. Family cohesion and family disorganization significantly decreased students’ reporting behaviors after they experienced or witnessed school delinquency. On the other hand, school bonding significantly increased students’ reporting behaviors. This paper concludes with practical implications and future research agendas for developing a comprehensive mechanism to address the dynamics of multidimensional factors that influence students’ active coping behaviors for dealing with school delinquency.
Efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid in relief of pain in Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2 and 3 osteoarthritis knee

Introduction: Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid (IA-HA) supplementation not only improvises the synovial fluid flow dynamics and viscoelasticity but also potentially offers a positive effect on the arthritic disease process by promoting in vivo IAHA production and by providing an intra-articular anti-inflammatory Objective: The primary objective of this study was to compare a single 6ml, intra-articular injection of hylan GF-20 with conservative treatment in patients with symptomatic mild to moderate knee Osteoarthritis (OA). Methodology: Patients with primary OA knee pain were randomly assigned to arthrocentesis plus a 6ml intra -articular injection of either hylan G-F 20 or conservative methods of treatment in a prospective, single-blinded (evaluator) randomised control study. Results were evaluated at Pre Injection, 3, 8, 16 and 24 weeks post-injection. The primary outcome criterion was change from baseline over 24 weeks in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index and VAS Score. Results: A total of 70 patients (Kellgren–Lawrence grade II or III) was randomly assigned. Patients receiving hylan G-F 20 experienced statistically significantly greater improvements in WOMAC scores and VAS scores, than patients receiving conservative treatment. No increased risk of local adverse events was observed. Conclusions: This prospective randomised control study demonstrated that, in patients with knee osteoarthritis, a single 6 ml intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20 is safe and effective in providing statistically significant, clinically relevant pain relief over 24 weeks, with a modest difference versus conservative treatment.
Extension Property and Universal Sets

Abstract Motivated by works on extension sets in standard domains, we introduce a notion of the Carathéodory set that seems better suited for the methods used in proofs of results on characterization of extension sets. A special stress is put on a class of two-dimensional submanifolds in the tridisc that not only turns out to be Carathéodory but also provides examples of two-dimensional domains for which the celebrated Lempert Theorem holds. Additionally, a recently introduced notion of universal sets for the Carathéodory extremal problem is studied and new results on domains admitting (no) finite universal sets are given.
Combining ability and heterosis studies for seed cotton yield and fibre quality traits in hirsutum cotton

Fifty intra hirsutum hybrids developed by involving five female and ten testers were evaluated to study gene action, combining ability and heterosis. The analysis of variance indicated substantial variability among the experimental material for yield, its contributing components and fibre quality traits. Preponderance of non-additive gene action was obtained for seed cotton yield per plant, majority of its component traits and fibre quality traits. Three parents namely TSH 321, BGDS 1055 and GSHV 177 were identified as very good general combiners for yield and fibre quality traits. The cross combinations TSH 321 x African I-2, and CCH 15-1 x GSHV 177 for seed cotton yield per plant and fibre properties whereas the crosses BGDS 1055 x GSHV 177, TSH 321 x TCH 484-4, SHM 55 x TCH 1819 for seed cotton yield per plant and number of bolls per plant were identified as the best hybrids and these are well suited for exploitation through heterosis breeding as it recorded significant per se, sca effects and standard heterosis for trait as mentioned. Further, the crosses namely SHM 55 x CNH 19, SHM 55 x GSHV 177 and SHM 55 x TCH 486-7 could be recommended for recombination breeding as they satisfied the criteria of the presence of significant gca effects of the parents and non significant sca effects for yield and fibre quality traits. The study also revealed good scope for commercial hybrid development as well as isolation of pure lines among the progenies.
Assessing sitting and standing in college students using height-adjustable desks

Objective: To examine if Arduino microcontrollers and Fitbits can serve as proxy measures for the direct observation of sitting and standing time in college students using height-adjustable standing desks. The preferred type of standing desks and reasons to use the desks were also assessed. Design: Classroom-based intervention, plus cross-sectional survey. Setting: Mid-sized Midwestern US university classroom. Method: Students were randomised to either a tabletop or stand-alone height-adjustable standing desk. They followed an alternating sit/stand protocol, then completed an 11-item questionnaire on preferences and reasons for or against using the desks. Data were collected in October 2018. Results: Twenty-two students completed the protocol (16 women; 15 in third or fourth year of study). Arduinos provided accurate representation of sitting. Correlations between Fitbits and Arduinos were moderate (.23–.49). Sixteen of the 22 participants preferred tabletop (vs stand-alone) height-adjustable desks. Main reasons to use standing desks were to improve health and preferring to stand. Main reasons for not using them were being tired and preferring to sit. Conclusion: Arduinos served as an adequate stand-in for direct observation, which has implications for studying the sedentary behaviours of large numbers of students simultaneously. More research is needed on using Fitbits for assessing sitting and standing time. Student preferences and reasons for/against using standing desks provide foundational evidence for standing desk interventions in this population.
Single-cycle mid-infrared pulse generation via nonlinear optics

Physical and chemical processes that involve electronic or molecular dynamics pretty much establish the world we perceive every day. These ultrafast motions can be either indirectly measured by spectroscopy or directly observed or visualized by ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy. Spectroscopy requires a broadband mid-infrared spectrum. In particular, frequencies covering the molecular fingerprint region (2 μm 20 μm) are of interest because they coincide with many vibrational modes of the fundamental molecules. Ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy demand short electron pulses with durations of femtosecond (10−15 s) or even attosecond (10−18 s), in order to provide sub-cycle temporal resolution and atomic spatial resolution at the same time. Such electron pulses can be prepared by using the all-optical pulse compression technique, which needs intense single-cycle terahertz or mid-infrared pulses. Therefore, high-power, single-cycle, and phase-stable mid-infrared pulses are highly appreciated. This work aims to generate the desired mid-infrared pulses through optical parametric down-conversion. First, a hybrid bulk-fiber spectral broadening scheme is employed for preparing ultrashort pulses for later use in intra-pulse difference-frequency generation (IPDFG). A compression factor of 33 is achieved, and 30-fs pulses are generated from 1-ps pulses, with an average power of 4 W. Next, IPDFG with the 30-fs driving pulses is carried out in a LiGaS2 (LGS) crystal. Carefully-controlled input polarization leads to efficient generation under type II phase-matching condition. Meanwhile, the generation mechanism is well understood by characterizing the pulse shape and spectrum of the driving pulses after the nonlinear crystal. The balance between spectral broadening, dispersion, and pulse walk-off is found critical for efficient nonlinear frequency conversion in a thick crystal. Mid-infrared radi-
Engaging Children in Meaningful Charity: Opening‐up the Spaces within Which Children Learn to Give

This paper presents qualitative evidence from an in-depth, participative action research project with 150 children aged 4-8 years old, exploring their experiences, perceptions and preferences regarding charitable giving. Most children positively engage in charitable giving through home, school and their community, however less than 20% are aware of the cause area they are being asked to support, and most have little decision-making in their giving. Children’s willingness to engage increases when they critically examine the cause area and are facilitated to lead on giving decisions, often resulting in increased and sustained efforts to support cause areas that matter to them.
Molecular adaptations in human atrial fibrillation

Objectives : Our propose was to determine whether patients with persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) show alterations in potassium channel expression. Background: Persistent AF is associated with a sustained shortening of the atrial action potential duration and atrial refractory period. Underlying molecular changes have not been studied in humans. We investigated whether a changed gene expression of specific potassium channels is associated with these changes in patients with persistent and paroxysmal AF. Methods: Right atrial appendages were obtained from 8 patients with paroxysmal AF, 10 with persistent AF and 18 matched controls in sinus rhythm. All controls underwent CABG whereas most AF patients underwent Cox’s MAZE surgery (n=12). All patients had normal left ventricular function. mRNA levels were measured by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein content by Western blotting. Results: mRNA levels of transient outward channel (Kv4.3), acetylcholine dependent potassium channel (Kir3.4) and ATP dependent potassium channel (Kir6.2) were reduced in patients with persistent AF (-35%, -47%, -36%, respectively, p<0.05), whereas only Kv4.3 mRNA level was reduced in patients with paroxysmal AF (-29%, p=0.03). No
An Investigation into Extended Intermittent Infusions Rather Than Standard Practice of Antibiotic Administration in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis

Introduction Physiological changes affecting critically ill septic patients may impact on the effectiveness of licensed methods of antibiotic administration. It has been postulated that extending the infusion time over which time-dependent action antibiotics are administered, giving for example a 4-hour infusion rather than an injection over 5 minutes, this may increase efficacy whilst not compromising safety in critically ill septic patients. However, no single study or meta-analysis of similar studies has yet shown any significant benefit in patient orientated outcomes. Even so anecdotal evidence suggests that this practice is becoming established in the critical care environment but the extent of this in the United Kingdom (UK) has never been assessed. Method A questionnaire was developed to identify current intravenous antibiotic administration practice and the factors influencing choice in UK critical care units (CCUs). This was circulated to critical care pharmacists via the United Kingdom Clinical Pharmacy Association message board. Along side this a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to up date the evidence base. Results 17 of the 22 antibiotics surveyed have a single method of administration used on more than 50% of the responding UK CCUs. Piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem are used on 22.2% and 20.3% respectively of responding CCUs as extended intermittent infusions (EIIs) and vancomycin by continuous infusion (CI) on 49.2%. Respondents most commonly sited both favourable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics and an improvement in patient outcomes as reasons for adopting extended infusions. In addition, continuous infusions of vancomycin are seen to be a safer and a more predictable method of administration than intermittent infusions. Where extended infusions were in use, this practise was associated with a high level of pharmacist input into the multi-professional team such as seven-day ward cover. The systematic review identified 40 randomised controlled trials comparing extended infusions to the licensed administration practice of the same antibiotic covering in total 16 different antibiotics. Statistically significant differences in clinical cure and microbiological/bacteriological cure were found in favour of extended infusion methods. A statistically significant difference in mortality was observed when time-dependent antibiotics were analysed separately. No difference in adverse events was identified between the administration methods. Conclusion Current UK critical care practice of intravenous antibiotic administration is in 17 line with the evidence base. This meta-analysis shows that extended infusions are both safe and at least as effective as standard licensed administration methods.
Novel anti-human Axl monoclonal antibodies for improved patient biomarker studies

Background: Axl receptor tyrosine kinase has been associated with poor clinical outcome in a wide variety of malignancies including breast, lung, prostate, pancreatic, brain and myeloid cancers. Axl is up-regulated during tumour epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is associated with metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance. Methods: The aim of this study was to develop improved assays for detection of Axl protein in patient samples. We developed a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of human Axl, from mice immunized with a recombinant antigen comprising the extracellular domains of human Axl fused to human IgG1 Fc domain. Anti-Axl monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were assessed for sensitivity, specificity and utility using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Results: One of the anti-human Axl MAb,1H12, performed particularly well, and SPR analysis confirmed both high affinity (50 pM) and high selectivity for Axl versus other Axl-family receptors. In IHC applications on selected human carcinomas and cancer cell line pellets, MAb 1H12 showed improved sensitivity and reduced background staining compared to other members of the MAb panel. A second MAb 5F11 showed very high affinity (5.8 pM) at a non-overlapping epitope and was selected as a partner for 1H12 in sandwich ELISA, producing a highly sensitive and specific assay. Conclusion: MAbs 1H12 and 5F11 represent new anti-human Axl monoclonal antibodies for improved patient biomarker studies.
Effects of different combinations of poultry manure and urea on growth, yield and economics of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

A field experiment was carried out in garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications and five treatments in horticulture farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal to find out the efficacy of different combination of poultry manure and Urea as nitrogen fertilizers in its yield and yield attributes. The five treatments used for experiment were designed altering the recommended nitrogen dose through different sources i.e. (T1) 100% Urea, (T2) 7% Urea and 25% poultry manure, (T3) 50% Urea and 50% poultry manure, (T4) 25% Urea and 75% poultry manure and (T5) 100% poultry manure. The data regarding to the plant height, number of cloves, diameter of bulbs and fresh bulb weight were taken. In case of plant height, non-significant result was found between various treatments. The number of cloves was found highest in T5 (24.69±1.30), the diameter of bulb was found highest in T2 (3.93±0.39 cm), fresh bulb weight was found highest in T2 (14.32±0.39 gm) and total bulb yield was found highest in T2 (7.16±0.19 t/ha) which were significant at 5 % level of significance. The total bulb yield was found positively correlated (r=0.53) with diameter of bulb at 1 % level of significance. The benefit cost (B/C) ratio was found highest in T2 (1.54) and lowest in T3 (1.28). So 75% Urea and 25 % Poultry Manure stood one of the best combinations of nitrogen fertilizers providing higher economic yields.
Behaviour and welfare: the visitor effect in captive felids

The influence of visitors on the welfare of captive animals, known as the visitor effect, may in some instances be stressful, adversely affecting animal health. Although the survival of many felid species depends on captive breeding programmes, little is known about this effect. A better understanding of the visitor effect is required to ensure the well-being of felids and the success of breeding programmes. We sought to determine whether the presence of visitors affects behaviour patterns and space use in five feline species in two Spanish zoos: Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), jaguar (Panthera onca), bobcat (Lynx rufus), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) and, if so, whether the effect on animal welfare is positive or negative. To our knowledge, no previous research has addressed the visitor effect in these species, with the exception of the jaguar. Data on animal behaviour, enclosure use, and visitor density were collected during the spring and summer of 2011 and 2012. Changes were observed for all studied species when the zoo was open to the public: four species devoted less time to complex behaviour (ie play, walk) and spent more time resting; ocelots and bobcats made more use of hidden spaces and less use of areas closer to visitors, while the jaguar tended to do the opposite. No correlation was found between visitor density and animal activity, indicating that animals are affected by the mere presence of visitors, regardless of their number. Our findings are in line with those reported by other authors, who have suggested that these behavioural changes are linked to chronic stress. Visitor effect was classed as negative for the welfare of all studied species apart from the jaguar. We advocate the need for future research into potential solutions to mitigate the adverse effect of visitors on felids.
Health Economic Burden of Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis Surgically Treated in a Referral Center

Purpose This retrospective study aimed to describe patient characteristics of women with deep infiltrating endometriosis [DIE] affecting the bowel and bladder treated in a referral center in Germany, and to calculate direct costs during inpatient stay for surgery. Methods Patient characteristics and cost-relevant factors of women with DIE of the bladder or bowel surgically treated during 2008-2012 in a referral center were gathered from medical records. Patient economic data were retrieved from the hospital's finance and accounts department. Results One hundred and forty-eight cases with clinical information and cost data were analyzed retrospectively. Most cases had bowel endometriosis (91%) and were classified as severe (66%). The women analyzed were in their reproductive peak years (34 years; SD 6.3 years), of normal weight (body mass index [BMI] 23; SD 4.0) and most of them were employed (80%). Nearly all women (95%) were affected by multiple symptoms at hospital admission and the majority had a prior diagnosis of endometriosis (76%). Mean total costs per case were €11,458 (95% CI: €10,589-€12,326). Forty-four percent of the total costs were mean staff costs (€5,039), 30% were mean infrastructure costs (€3,425) and 26% mean material costs (€2,993). Conclusions This study is the first to estimate the surgery-related direct costs of DIE in Germany from a hospital's perspective based on data from a specialized center. Resource utilization and total costs of DIE are substantial.
A Hybrid Third-Order Iterative Process To Solve Nonlinear Equations

In this study, by using the iterative method discussed in (Kang et al., 2013) and adopting a technique given in details (Biazar and Amirteimoori, 2006) introduced a new hybrid third-order iterative method to solve nonlinear equations derived from the Picard-Mann fixed-point iterative method. Some problems have been solved in order to demonstrate the performance of the established iterative method for the solution of the nonlinear equations.