Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FREE SURFACE FLOWS

Mathematical and numerical aspects of free surface flows are investigated. On one hand, the mathematical analysis of some free surface flows is considered. A model problem in one space dimension is first investigated. The Burgers equation with diffusion has to be solved on a space interval with one free extremity. This extremity is unknown and moves in time. An ordinary differential equation for the position of the free extremity of the interval is added in order to close the mathematical problem. Local existence in time and uniqueness results are proved for the problem with given domain, then for the free surface problem. A priori and a posteriori error estimates are obtained for the semi-discretization in space. The stability and the convergence of an Eulerian time splitting scheme are investigated. The same methodology is then used to study free surface flows in two space dimensions. The incompressible unsteady Navier-Stokes equations with Neumann boundary conditions on the whole boundary are considered. The whole boundary is assumed to be the free surface. An additional equation is used to describe the moving domain. Local existence in time and uniqueness results are obtained. On the other hand, a model for free surface flows in two and three space dimensions is investigated. The liquid is assumed to be surrounded by a compressible gas. The incompressible unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are assumed to hold in the liquid region. A volume-of-fluid method is used to describe the motion of the liquid domain. The velocity in the gas is disregarded and the pressure is computed by the ideal gas law in each gas bubble trapped by the liquid. A numbering algorithm is presented to recognize the bubbles of gas. Gas pressure is applied as a normal force on the liquid-gas interface. Surface tension effects are also taken into account for the simulation of bubbles or droplets flows. A method for the computation of the curvature is presented. Convergence and accuracy of the approximation of the curvature are discussed. A time splitting scheme is used to decouple the various physical phenomena. Numerical simulations are made in the frame of mould filling to show that the influence of gas on the free surface cannot be neglected. Curvature-driven flows are also considered.
Observations and a model for the infrared continuum of Centaurus A

We present ISOPHOT_S, ISOSWS and 8 to 13 micron ground based observations of Centaurus A that show prominent PAH and silicate features. These and other data are used to construct a model for the infrared continuum. We find that in a nuclear sized aperture (~4 arcsec, ~60 pc) the SED is characteristic of emission from a starburst and AGN torus; in larger apertures an additional component of cirrus emission is required. Based on our model, the torus diameter is estimated to be 3.6 pc and the best fitting inclination angle of the torus is 45 degrees. This result has implications for the detectability of tori in low power AGN and in particular for the use of the IRAS 60/25 micron flux ratio as an indicator of the torus inclination.
A mechanism for rivulet formation in heated falling films

We consider a long-wave evolution equation that governs a draining film on a heated plate and hence is capable of describing both surface-wave and thermocapillary instabilities. When the flow and heat transfer rates are moderate, we show, via weakly nonlinear analysis of a truncated system and numerical simulation of the full nonlinear evolution equation, that coupled temporal instabilities can create surface deformations that lead to an array of rivulets aligned with the flow. This work thus demonstrates a mechanism of rivulet formation based solely on instability phenomena.
Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities of Double Magnetic Bands in a Shallow-water Tachocline Model. I. Cross-equatorial Interactions of Bands

Along with a butterfly diagram of sunspots, combined observational studies of ephemeral active regions, X-ray and EUV bright points, plage, filaments, faculae, and prominences demonstrate a pattern, which is known as the Extended Solar Cycle. This pattern indicates that the wings of the sunspot butterfly could be extended to much higher latitudes (up to ∼60°), to an earlier time than the start of a sunspot cycle, hence yielding a strong overlap between cycles. Thus, during the ongoing cycle’s activity near 30° latitude in each hemisphere, the next cycle kicks off at around 60°. By representing these epochs of overlaps by oppositely directed double magnetic bands in each hemisphere, we compute the unstable eigenmodes for MHD Rossby waves at the base of the convection zone and study how the properties of these energetically active Rossby waves change as these band pairs migrate equatorward. We find that in each hemisphere the low-latitude band interacts with the high-latitude band and drives the MHD instability as the solar activity progresses from 35°–15° latitude, which is essentially the rising phase. When the activity proceeds further equatorward from 15°, the interaction between low- and high-latitude bands weakens, and the cross-equatorial interaction between two low-latitude bands in each hemisphere starts. The eigenmodes in the latitude-longitude plane also reflect such changes in their pattern as the bend of the active cycle moves below 15° latitude.
Purely elastic instabilities in viscometric flows

Purely elastic flow instabilities-those occurring in the absence of inertial forces-in flows used for the measurement of fluid viscometric parameters are reviewed. In particular, we examine the growing body of knowledge surrounding how the presence of elasticity in homogeneous, flowing polymeric fluids can act in isolation to create flow bifurcation and change. The field of inquiry is relatively new, and the studies that have played a key role in developing the science include a balance of experiment, large-scale computer simulation, and analytic stability theory. All are reviewed with a focus on how each has contributed to the understanding of novel physical mechanisms and principles governing these instabilities. The flows examined are simple, but critically important to the measurement devices common to tne laboratories of rheologists and fluids engineers. Moreover, it is clear that the knowledge gained from these studies may be generally applicable to a wide range of much more complicated flows that demonstrate this type of instability.
Autologous hematopoietic bone marrow and concentrated growth factor transplantation combined with core decompression in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of autologous hematopoietic bone marrow and concentrated growth factor (CGF) transplantation and core decompression in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH). We performed a single-center prospective study on 31 patients with non-traumatic early-stage (stage I to III) ANFH based on the 1994 classification of the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO). The patients were subjected to bone marrow aspiration from the posterior iliac crest, separation, and concentration of growth factors from the bone marrow aspirate, core decompression of the femoral head, and injection of hematopoietic bone marrow and CGFs into the necrotic lesion. Patients were evaluated using the visual analogue scale, the WOMAC questionnaire, and X-ray and MRI examinations of the hip joints before, at 2, 4, and 6 months after the intervention. Patients had a mean age of 33 years (range 20–44 years), 19 (61%) of them being male and 12 (39%) females. The presentation of the disease was bilateral in 21 patients and unilateral in 10 patients. The main cause of ANFH was steroid treatment. The mean VAS and WOMAC scores were 48.37 (SD: 14.67) out of 100, and the mean VAS pain score was 50.83 out of 100 (SD: 20.46), respectively, before transplant. This value significantly improved to 22.31 (SD 12.12) of 100, and the mean VAS pain score was 21.31 of 100 (SD: 20.46) (P=0.04). MRI showed a significant improvement (P=0.012). Our results suggest that autologous hematopoietic bone marrow and CGFs transplantation with core decompression have a beneficial effect in early-stage ANFH.
Incidental finding of asymptomatic non-traumatic pericardial effusion in a trauma patient: a case report

Pericardial effusion can either be an incidental finding or a manifestation of systemic or cardiac disease. It has a wide range of presentations, from asymptomatic small effusion to rapidly progressive fatal tamponade. In a trauma setting, pericardial effusion is usually attributed to hematoma collection, with the concern of clinical evidence of tamponade that can lead to cardiopulmonary collapse. The Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) is a widely used tool to diagnose pericardial effusion in trauma patients. We published this case report to emphasize that the presence of pericardial effusion alone in a trauma patient does not indicate the presence of tamponade. This case concerns a 39 years old male patient who presented to ER as a trauma case after a fall from two meters height and landing on his feet. ATLS protocol was followed, and FAST showed an incidental finding of massive pericardial fluid. The trauma team was consulted, and the patient was hemodynamically stable without clinical evidence of tamponade. Echocardiography showed mitral valve stenosis and large pericardial effusion. The close observation did not suggest the presence of cardiac tamponade. The pericardial catheter was inserted during admission with drainage of 900cc of serous fluid. The presence of pericardial fluid in a trauma setting does not confirm the diagnosis of tamponade. The mechanism of injury, clinical presentation, and the patient's stability are essential factors in determining further management of such patients.
Randomized algorithms for colourings of hypergraphs

Generalizations of the classical problem of Erdős on property of hypergraphs are studied. According to the definition of Erdős, a hypergraph has property if there exists a 2-colouring of its vertex set in which none of the edges of the hypergraph is monochromatic. It is required to find the quantity that is equal to the minimal possible number of edges in an -uniform (each edge contains exactly vertices) hypergraph that does not have property . More general settings of the problem are considered, several parametric properties of hypergraphs are introduced, and the corresponding extremal quantities are studied. The main results improve the lower estimates of these extremal quantities that were known earlier. Bibliography: 9 titles.
The effects of embryo splitting on Cdx2, Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog gene expression in mouse blastocysts

Background: Embryo splitting is utilized in reproduction biotechnology. The blastomeres resulting from the splitting of an embryo in two-, four- or eight-cell stages can develop into separate embryos that are genetically similar to the other blastomeres. Aims: The present work studied the effects of splitting on embryo pluripotent gene expression (Cdx2, Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog) in mice. Methods: Two-cell embryos were isolated from stimulated mice. The embryos were grouped into “split” and “non-split” groups. The zona pellucida was removed from the split group and the blastomeres were distributed before being co-cultured with mouse embryo fibroblasts to the blastocyst stage. Normal (non-split) blastocysts were co-cultured in the same way. The 3.5-day-old blastomeres were collected as the control group. For molecular evaluation, real-time PCR was conducted to analyze changes in Cdx2, Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog gene expression. Moreover, the blastocyst formation rate, overall blastocyst rate, and the number of newborns were statistically analyzed. Results: The findings showed that embryo splitting increased blastocyst formation, overall blastocysts, developmental potential embryos, and the number of infants. Furthermore, the split and non-split (control) groups showed equal expression of pluripotent genes (Cdx2, Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog) in the molecular analysis. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the growth and developmental potency of sister blastocysts derived from split two-cell stage mouse embryos are the same as those of normal blastocysts. So, there are no significant differences in gene expression between the split and non-split groups.
Features of VEGF and IL-6 expression in patients with inflammatory breast cancer considering molecular-biological characteristics

Expression of pro-malignant factors (VEGF) and cytokines like inflammatory components support breast cancer development. We examined 46 patients with stage IIIB inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and 24 with stage IIA-IIIB breast cancer (BC) without secondary edema. Hormone receptors, Her-2/neu, Ki-67 index, VEGF, and IL-6, were determined for all patients before and after neoadjuvant treatment. They associated the expression of VEGF for IBC patients with an unfavorable prognosis. VEGF level for IBC lymph node metastases was higher than in patients without such lesions (1.4 times), and there was a significant increase in VEGF levels in the G3 category of malignancy (1.54-fold increase). In IBC patients with positive HER2/neu status, VEGF levels were 1.51 times higher compared to those with negative HER2/neu status (r=0.36, p<0.05). IL-6 level during therapy in IBC patients remained high, which occurs in active tumor development. Comparative analysis of the VEGF/IL-6 ratio during treatment of patients with IBC was higher vs. IIIB stage breast cancer without edema (1.4 vs. 0.7), indicating the aggressiveness of the tumor process and confirmed by an objective response to treatment (regression<30%).
Sarcocystis cruzi in Egyptian slaughtered cattle (Bos taurus): epidemiology, morphology and molecular description of the findings

Background: Sarcocystis spp. are one of the most common foodborne tissue cyst-forming coccidia with a public health and veterinary concern. Aims: The existing study aimed to rectify the epidemiological profile of Sarcocystis spp. infection in the cattle carcasses as well as to explore the structure and phylogenetic features of Sarcocystis spp. isolates. Methods: A total of 292 cattle carcasses were checked for the existence of sarcocysts using light microscopy (LM) via muscle squash (MS) and peptic digestion (PD) analysis from January 2020 to December 2020. Individual sarcocysts from different cattle tissues were selected for morphologic characterization and DNA extraction. Each sarcocyst’s 18S rDNA gene was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. Results: Overall, 92.5% (270/292) of cattle tissue samples contained microscopic thin walled sarcocysts and were exclusively found in esophagus by light microscopy. A statistically insignificant relationship exists between the prevalence of infection and age groups, gender of cattle, and the seasonal dynamics (P>0.05). Sarcocysts ultrastructural features were completely discussed. Sequencing of 18S rDNA Sarcocystis gene confirmed S. cruzi (identity 99-100%), which was the first molecular identification of the current isolate in the study region. Conclusion: The current survey initially provides a brief account of knowledge about the epidemiology of Sarcocystis spp. infecting cattle and it is considered a starting point for the development of health awareness and efficient preventive schemes for this zoonotic protozoan parasite.
Predictors of persistent symptoms after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related myocarditis (myovacc registry)

Aims Epidemiological surveillance has raised safety concerns for mRNA SARS-CoV-2-vaccination-related myocarditis. We aimed to analyze epidemiological, clinical and imaging findings associated with clinical outcomes in these patients in an international multi-center registry (NCT05268458). Methods and results Patients with clinical and CMR diagnosis of acute myocarditis within 30 days after mRNA SARS-CoV-2—vaccination were included from five centers in Canada and Germany between 05/21 and 01/22. Clinical follow-up on persistent symptoms was collected. We enrolled 59 patients (80% males, mean age 29 years) with CMR-derived mild myocarditis (hs-Troponin-T 552 [249–1,193] ng/L, CRP 28 [13–51] mg/L; LVEF 57 ± 7%, LGE 3 [2–5] segments). Most common symptoms at baseline were chest pain (92%) and dyspnea (37%). Follow-up data from 50 patients showed overall symptomatic burden improvement. However, 12/50 patients (24%, 75% females, mean age 37 years) reported persisting symptoms (median interval 228 days) of chest pain (n = 8/12, 67%), dyspnea (n = 7/12, 58%), with increasing occurrence of fatigue (n = 5/12, 42%) and palpitations (n = 2/12, 17%). These patients had initial lower CRP, lower cardiac involvement in CMR, and fewer ECG changes. Significant predictors of persisting symptoms were female sex and dyspnea at initial presentation. Initial severity of myocarditis was not associated with persisting complaints. Conclusion A relevant proportion of patients with mRNA SARS-CoV-2-vaccination-related myocarditis report persisting complaints. While young males are usually affected, patients with persisting symptoms were predominantly females and older. The severity of the initial cardiac involvement not predicting these symptoms may suggest an extracardiac origin.
Structural Phase Transitions in the Fullerene C60

High-resolution powder neutron diffraction has been used to study the crystal structure of the fullerence C60 in the temperature range 5 K to 320 K. Solid C60 adopts a cubic structure at all temperatures. The experimental data provide clear evidence of a continuous phase transition at ca. 90 K and confirm the existence of a first-order phase transition at 260 K. In the high-temperature face-centred-cubic phase (T > 260 K), the C60 molecules are completely orientationally disordered, undergoing continuous reorientation. Below 260 K, interpretation of the diffraction data is consistent with uniaxial jump reorientation principally about a single 111 direction. In the lowest-temperature phase (T < 90 K), rotational motion is frozen although a small amount of static disorder still persists.
Space–time pressure–velocity correlations in a turbulent boundary layer

The spatio-temporal pressure–velocity correlation in a turbulent boundary layer is investigated so as to understand the link between pressure fluctuations and turbulent coherent structures. A new experimental set-up is developed to measure the pressure fluctuations at the wall and in the field and, simultaneously, the velocity field by stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. The present measurement area covers the whole boundary layer thickness, and the spatial resolution of the measurement is good enough to assess the representative length scales of the flow. The Reynolds number effect is quantified from the data at $\mathit{Re}_{{\it\theta}}=7300$ , 10 000, 18 000. The spatio-temporal three-dimensional structures of the pressure–velocity correlations, $\boldsymbol{R}_{pu}$ , $\boldsymbol{R}_{pv}$ and $\boldsymbol{R}_{pw}$ , are evaluated. The wall pressure fluctuations are closely coupled with coherent structures which occupy a large region of the boundary layer in the wall-normal and spanwise directions and up to $10{\it\delta}/U_{e}$ in time, where ${\it\delta}$ and $U_{e}$ denote the boundary layer thickness and the free stream velocity. Reynolds number effects are mainly observed on the size and intensity of the pressure–velocity correlations. Conditioning the correlations on the pressure signal sign shows different types of flow phenomena linked to the positive and negative pressure events. For the wall pressure, positive pressure fluctuations appear to be correlated with the leading edge of a large sweeping motion of splatting type followed by a large ejection. The negative pressure fluctuations are linked to a localized ejection upstream, followed by a large sweeping motion downstream. For the pressure fluctuations in the field, in addition to the structures observed with the wall pressure, the pressure–velocity correlations exhibit a significant correlation in a region very extended in time. Such long structures appear to be independent of the one observed at the wall and to grow significantly in time with the Reynolds number when scaling with external variables. When conditioned by the pressure sign, clear ejection and sweeping motions are observed with associated streamwise vortical structures at a scale of the order of $0.2{\it\delta}$ . These structures can be linked to the large-scale motion and very-large-scale motion previously observed by different authors and seem to organize in a scheme analogous to the near-wall cycle, but at a much larger scale.
Update of the Natural History, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Strategies of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Narrative Review

Cervical myelopathy is a clinical syndrome resulting in symptoms of neurologic deficits due to prolonged spinal cord compression or ischemia in the cervical spine. Spinal cord compression can be caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and hypertrophy of ligamentun flavum in addition to degenerative cervical spondylosis, degenerative disc disease, and progressive cervical kyphosis. Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a series of disease entities caused by spinal cord compression by various non-traumatic and non-infectious causes. The pathophysiology of DCM includes spinal cord structure and function abnormalities caused by both static and dynamic factors. Surgical decompression for patients with moderate to severe cervical myelopathy not only inhibits the progression of neurological deterioration, but also improves functional status, pain, and quality of life. However, the role of nonsurgical treatment in patients with mild spinal cord compression is controversial. In general, patients with cervical myelopathies who do not undergo surgery have a poor prognosis. Appropriate surgical treatment is recommended when spinal cord compression is confirmed on image study in patients with reasonable symptoms of cervical myelopathy. The patient’s overall health, degree of compression, presence of concurrent cervical radiculopathy, and cervical spine alignment, in addition to lesion location and etiology, should be considered when determining an appropriate surgical procedure. This review covers the updated issues, including pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and available treatments for DCM.
Band structure engineering of monolayer MoS2 on h-BN: first-principles calculations

We have carried out first-principles calculations and theoretical analysis to explore the structural and electronic properties of MoS2/n-h-BN heterostructures consisting of monolayer MoS2 on top of h-BN substrates with one to five layers. We find that the MoS2/n-h-BN heterostructures show indirect bandgap features with both of CBM (in the K point) and VBM (in the Γ point) localized on the monolayer MoS2. Difference charge density and surface bands indicate there is no obvious charge exchange in the heterostructure systems. We show that the changes from a direct bandgap in monolayer free-stranding MoS2 to an indirect bandgap in MoS2/n-h-BN heterostructure is induced by the strain. Moreover, we find that the bandgaps of MoS2/n-h-BN heterostructures decrease with increasing number of h-BN layers, which is proposed to result from the different strain distributions in MoS2 due to the varieties of lattice mismatch rates between MoS2 and h-BN layers. Our results suggest that the MoS2/n-h-BN heterostructure could serve as a prototypical example for band structure engineering of 2D crystals with atomic layer precision.