Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trace Fossils and Sedimentary Depositional Environment: A Case Study from Early Permian Barakar Formation, Raniganj Basin, India

Behavioral responses of organisms with respect to changing environment have a wide area of research possibility. For a palaeontologist it is a challenge to interpret the organism-sediment interaction from the study of the trace fossils preserved in the ancient rock record. The ethological significance which is derived out of different intentional or accidental activities of the organisms may be preserved within the rock and is largely controlled by the substrate stability, grain size of the sediments, energy and rate of sedimentation of the driving process, types of nutrients and its supply, salinity, temperature and oxic/sub-oxic/an-oxic conditions etc. So, the viability of this study in sensu stricto depends on the preservation potential of the organism as a whole or in parts or its activities (indirect evidences) on or within the substrate upon which they have survived thousands and millions of years ago. The indirect evidences of the organism’s activities may be its locomotory/respiration/feeding/resting/dwelling/predating traces etc. which have different nomenclature based on their morphological classification. The study area encompassing the major river section of the Barakar, Khudia, Ajoy holds partly enriched and partly impoverished trace fossils within the sedimentary rocks hosting huge reserves of coal. There are several concepts regarding the depositional setting of the studied basin like formerly interpreted fluvio-lacustrine depositional model to recently reinterpreted fluvio-tide-wave dominated depositional model. Several invertebrate traces have been recorded from the study area namely Planolites, Thalassinoides, Ophiomorpha, Palaeophycus, Cylindrichnus, Diplocraterion which indicates diverse environmental settings ranging from supratidal/intertidal/subtidal to continental shelves whereas other solo/uniform traces observed like Chondrites, Skolithos, Rhizocorallium etc. are indicator of shallow subtidal to marine quite water setting. Here the additional challenges include the lack of ample exposures, weathered exposed rock sections, inaccessible mine cut sections, absence of body fossils and controversial identification of trace fossils in differential erosive surfaces. This chapter in short has tried to mitigate these problems by the integrated sedimentary and ichnological facies association studies in delineating the depositional environment of the studied basin.
RETRACTED: Ethnic Culture and Its Impact on Immigrants’ Identity Formation: The Case of Korean Immigrants in the U.S.

Short Retraction Notice The paper does not meet the standards of "Open Journal of Social Sciences". This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. The aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. Editor guiding this retraction: Prof. Aqueil Ahmad (EiC of JSS) Please see the article page for more details. The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper, which is marked "RETRACTED".
Facial Image Manipulation

Image manipulation of real face photographs, including averaging, morphing, and caricaturing, is widely used in studies of face perception. These methods have led to theoretical insights across topics of interest to social psychologists, including social perception, social categorization, stereotyping, prejudice, impression formation, and individual differences. They may also have practical applications in diagnosing clinical impairments of social perception. Here, we outline key manipulation methods, comment on the strengths and weaknesses of the approach, illustrate the breadth of theoretical insights already achieved, and offer best practice guidelines. We hope that the review stimulates greater use of these powerful methods to understand social perception and encourages studies that bridge theory between visual perception and social psychology.
The Origin of Rapakivi Feldspar by a Fluid-induced Coupled Dissolution-Reprecipitation Process

The rapakivi texture found in many granitoids comprises alkali feldspar megacrysts mantled by plagioclase, usually of oligoclase composition. The existing models for their genesis involve magmatic or dry subsolidus processes. Here, we describe the occurrence of rapakivi feldspars in A-type granites from the Malani Igneous Suite in western India and use microtextural and geochemical evidence to argue that rapakivi textures can form by subsolidus deuteric alteration of feldspar megacrysts through a coupled dissolution–reprecipitation replacement process. The feldspars in granites from the Malani Igneous Suite crystallized at temperatures >720 C and subsequently underwent coherent exsolution, producing strain-controlled braid microperthite/antiperthite. At temperatures of 465–490 C, the feldspar megacrysts reacted with deuteric fluids, which led to the dissolution of the braid perthite/antiperthite along an inward-moving reaction interface and coupled precipitation of an oligoclase/albite mantle. As the rapakivi replacement front progressed inward, the fluids infiltrated into the interiors of the relict megacrysts along fractures and braid boundaries and reacted with the braid perthite via a dissolution–reprecipitation replacement process. This resulted in the formation of patch perthite/antiperthite. The replacement reactions were incomplete, preserving patches of the unreacted braid perthite. At temperatures of 253–283 C, the feldspars were partially albitized, whereby the oligoclase patches and the plagioclase mantle were partially pseudomorphically replaced by albite. Mass-balance constraints indicate that the replacement processes leading to the formation of the plagioclase mantle and the patch perthite/ antiperthite were not isochemical. The fluid composition was externally buffered for many of the elements, but internally controlled by feldspar dissolution–reprecipitation reactions for those elements that are normally incorporated in the feldspar structure. These results conclusively demonstrate for the first time that in addition to magmatic processes, rapakivi feldspars can form by subsolidus, fluid-induced, dissolution–reprecipitation replacement reactions.
Unblurring the Market for Vision Correction: A Willingness to Pay Experiment in Rural Burkina Faso

We assess the willingness to pay (WTP) for eyeglasses in an adult population in rural Burkina Faso using a variant of the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) method. We combine the BDM approach with video and deferred payment options to analyze the role of information and liquidity constraints. Furthermore, we exploit variation in reservation and transaction prices to study potential screening and sunk cost effects. Our main results show that, consistent with the over-exclusion perspective documented for essential health products, the willingness to pay for glasses is low, amounting to 20% of the current market price. Information provided through a video raises the willingness to pay for corrective glasses by 16%. In contrast, deferred payment does not affect the willingness to pay. Finally, we find no evidence of screening or sunk cost effects. Overall our results lend support to subsidization of eyeglasses in a resource poor setting.
Parametrization of π + π − pairs spectra at the DIRAC kinematic range

Shape of spectra of π+π− pairs with small relative momentum Q inclusively produced in the reaction p + Ni → π+π−X at 24 GeV/c is presented. Introduction The DIRAC analyzes ππ-pairs with small relative momenta Q in their center of mass system in order to find out signal from pionium breakup. One of approaches in analysis does rely on the correct MC simulation of ππ-pairs inclusively produced in pNicollisions, which are background to pairs from pionium break-up. Physics of pairs and atomic production processes is concentrated in their center of mass system, but, for example, probability of pionium breakup in the target depends on the value of pionium momentum in the target system of reference. Also the adequate transportation of pions through the spectrometer setup and the correct detector response do require the proper description of the pairs spectra shape in the laboratory system. We will construct acceptance function for ππ pairs with total momentum ~ PΣ and small relative momentum in their center of mass system ~ Q as a function of single particle acceptance functions G − (~ p−) and G π−(~ p+). Based on the above pairs acceptance function we will estimate the shape of spectra of ππ pairs with small Q inclusively produced in the reaction p + Ni → ππX. The original purpose of this study is a shape suitable for MC simulations. For this reason a simple analytical function which parametrizes the pairs production distribution will be derived. We will analyze leading sources of systematic errors in the shape and later on will compare it to the results of previous studies [1, 2].
Seroconversion and safety of Covid-19 vaccines in pa-tients with chronic liver disease and liver transplant: A systematic review

Background and Aims: As part of the COVID-19 control strategy, a growing number of vaccine portfolios evolved and got fast-tracked through regulatory agencies, with a limited examination of their efficacy and safety in vulnerable populations, such as patients with chronic conditions and immunocompromised states. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), and cohorts post liver transplant (LT) in particular, were underrepresented in the determinant trials of vaccine development, hence the paucity of data on their efficacy and safety in published literature. This systematic review aims to examine the available evidence and ascertain the effectiveness and safety of Covid-19 vaccination in patients with CLD and those with LT. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect from inception until 1st March 2022 was conducted. We included observational studies and assessed vaccine efficacy regarding seroconversion or immunological rate, whereas serious or significant adverse effects have been considered safety outcomes when reported. Results: Studies comprised 45275 patients, performed in 11 different countries. Seroconversion or immunological rate after Covid-19 vaccination was mostly the primary endpoint, whereas other endpoints like covid-19 related adverse effects were also reported. Twenty-four of the final analyzed studies are prospective cohort studies, while four are retrospective cohort studies. Twenty-one studies included patients who underwent LT and received the Covid vaccine; nine included patients who had CLD due to various etiologies. The median age range of all included patients varied from 43–69 years. All patients with LT who received at least two doses of Covid vaccine had a seroconversion rate of around 60%. Patients with CLD had a seroconversion rate of about 92% post two doses of Covid vaccination. The average seroconversion rate in post-transplant recipients was around 45% after two doses of the significant Covid vaccines: Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna, and Jansen. Only two studies have reported a higher seroconversion rate of 75% and 73% after the third dose of Covid vaccine. No significant adverse effects were reported in all studies; the most commonly reported negative effect was local injection site pain. Conclusion: The present systematic review, comprising real-world observational data studies, concludes that Covid-19 vaccination was associated with 92% and 60% seroconversion rates in patients with CLD and LT, respectively. No significant side effects were reported in all studies. This finding helps to resolve the uncertainty associated with Covid-19 vaccination in this cohort of patients.
VisualSoundtrack: An Approach to Style Transfer in the Context of Soundtrack Prototyping

In this work, we present VisualSoundtrack, a system designed as a tool for soundtrack composers to experiment with original musical content in differing musical “styles”. The system allows a user to rapidly prototype musical ideas with respect to the target media (such as a film or podcast) by having him/ her input original musical motifs, capitalizing on a corpus of existing soundtrack samples to source various styles, and allowing the user to identify the most appropriate style sources for the target media by visually architecting a path through a highly abstracted feature space. The contributions of this paper include the presentation of the novel concept, a description of the fully-functional system design, a focus on the approach taken to achieve the “style transfer”, and an initial evaluation of its effective-
Multiple equilibria, stability, and asymmetries in Krugman's core-periphery model

Abstract. Paul Krugman developed a general equilibrium model with two sectors and two regions in 1991, from which two patterns of industrial localization could be endogenously deduced, dispersion at 50% and total concentration. The introduction of transport costs, which depend on the size of the population, are meant to capture effects produced by the trade-off between congestion costs and advantages derived from the possession of infrastructure, thus generates stable asymmetric multiple equilibria. The outcome of asymmetric stable multiple equilibria demonstrates the fruitfulness of this extension of the original model.
Female adolescent sexual and nonsexual violent offenders: a comparison of the prevalence and impact of risk and protective factors for general recidivism

This study examined differences in offending behavior and psychosocial problems between juvenile offenders who have been sexually abused (n = 231), physically abused (n = 1,568), neglected (n = 1,555), exposed to multiple forms of maltreatment (n = 1,767), and nonvictims (n = 8,492). In addition, the moderating effect of gender in the association between type of maltreatment and offending behavior/psychosocial problems was examined. Results showed that violent offenses were more common in victims of physical abuse and victims of multiple forms of abuse than in non-victims, both in boys and girls. In boys, sexual offenses were far more common in victims of sexual abuse than in victims of other or multiple forms of maltreatment or in non-victims. In girls, no group differences were found in sexual offending behavior. For both boys and girls, externalizing problems were relatively common in victims of physical abuse and neglect whereas internalizing problems were relatively common in victims of sexual abuse. In victims of multiple forms of maltreatment, both internalizing and externalizing problems were relatively common. Implications for clinical practice are discussed. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Update : The linguistic production of learning opportunities

The Amir Lopatin Fellowship funded my research project on how identity and ideologies shape the way adolescents learn computer science. We know there exists a substantial participation gap in computer science participation across categories of race and gender. Margolis & Fisher (2003) document factors such as differing motivations and interests, opportunities to gain experience and confidence, and the local culture of computing, which can either support women in developing as computer scientists or serve as barriers. Margolis et al (2010) document comparable factors promoting racial marginalization or inclusion in computing. Barron (2006) analyzes how students' interest in computation can be sustained across multiple sites in a learning ecology, and the roles parents can play in supporting this learning (Barron, 2009). In her (2016) doctoral dissertation, Michelle Friend (who originally recruited me to teach at the Girls' Middle School, and then encouraged me to apply to graduate school) conducted longitudinal research on graduates of the Girls' Middle School and interviewed women who ended up working in computational fields.
Integrated Methodology for Community-Oriented Energy Investments: Architecture, Implementation, and Assessment for the Case of Nisyros Island

This paper presents an integrated methodology for decision making in smart grid investments that assesses the investment plans of stakeholders in local energy communities (LECs). Considering the energy flow exchanges of the LECs and interpreting them in terms of technical benefits and costs, this methodology indicates the most sustainable and profitable solution covering the LEC energy transition plans. A set of specialized tools capturing the energy, environmental, financial, and social impacts are integrated under a common platform called the IANOS Energy Planning and Transition (IEPT) suite. The tools evaluate a set of well-defined key performance indicators that are gathered using a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) module offering multilateral assessment. By upgrading the functionalities of specialized tools, i.e., the energy modeler INTEMA, the life cycle assessment and costing tool VERIFY, and the smart grid-oriented CBA tool, the IEPT suite evaluates the viability of different smart grid investment scenarios from a multi-dimensional perspective at the LEC level. The functionalities of the proposed suite are validated in the LEC of Nisyros island, Greece, where three smart grid-based investment scenarios of different self-consumption levels are evaluated and ranked in terms of benefits and profitability. The results highlight that for a 20-year horizon of analysis, the investment scenario where a 50% self-consumption target is achieved was more financially viable compared to the 80% and 95% scenarios, achieving values of BCR and NPV equal to EUR 2.12 and EUR 4,400,000, respectively.
Interaction between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells during Bone Injury Repair

Fractures are the most common large organ trauma in humans. The initial inflammatory response promotes bone healing during the initial post-fracture phase, but chronic and persistent inflammation due to infection or other factors does not contribute to the healing process. The precise mechanisms by which immune cells and their cytokines are regulated in bone healing remain unclear. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cellular therapy of bone injuries is a novel clinical treatment approach. Bone progenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but also interact with the immune system to promote the healing process. We review in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system and bone marrow MSCs in bone healing and their interactions. A deeper understanding of this paradigm may provide clues to potential therapeutic targets in the healing process, thereby improving the reliability and safety of clinical applications of MSCs to promote bone healing.
Schools’ Strategies for Promoting Girls’ Participation in Mathematics

Fewer girls than boys in England participate in post-compulsory mathematics. Previous studies have shown the significance to girls of their mathematics lessons and teachers, of cultural constructions of gender and mathematics, of career perceptions A multiple case-study project investigated institutions with unusually high participation by girls in mathematics. Focus groups and lesson observations were used to explore school pedagogy and culture. Common factors were: early preparation for demanding mathematics, a departmental ethos which encouraged student-teacher interactions in and out of lessons, teachers who explicitly and repeatedly confirmed that girls would succeed at mathematics A-level, appreciation of mathematics as opening doors to many careers.
Clay mineralogy of surface sediments as a tool for deciphering river contributions to the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela)

[1] The mineralogical composition of 95 surface sediment samples from the Cariaco Basin continental shelf and Orinoco delta was investigated in order to constrain the clay-mineral main provenance and distribution within the Cariaco Basin. The spatial variability of the data set was studied using a geo-statistical approach that allows drawing representative clay-mineral distribution maps. These maps are used to identify present-day dominant sources for each clay-mineral species in agreement with the geological characteristics of the main river watersheds emptying into the basin. This approach allows (1) identifying the most distinctive clay-mineral species/ratios that determine particle provenance, (2) evaluating the respective contribution of local rivers, and (3) confirming the minimal present-day influence of the Orinoco plume on the Cariaco Basin sedimentation. The Tuy, Unare, and Neveri Rivers are the main sources of clay particles to the Cariaco Basin sedimentation. At present, the Tuy River is the main contributor of illite to the western part of the southern Cariaco Basin continental shelf. The Unare River plume, carrying smectite and kaolinite, has a wide westward propagation, whereas the Neveri River contribution is less extended, providing kaolinite and illite toward the eastern Cariaco Basin. The Manzanares, Araya, Tortuga, and Margarita areas are secondary sources of local influence. These insights shed light on the origin of present-day terrigenous sediments of the Cariaco Basin and help to propose alternative explanations for the temporal variability of clay mineralogy observed in previously published studies.
Functional Characteristics Of Banking Websites And Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Role Of Online Trust

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the websites' functional characteristics, online trust and customer loyalty in banking sector. Our research required the testing of twelve hypotheses with a sample of 286 Tunisian banks' customers. The data were analyzed by structural equations modeling using the AMOS software. The results of our research highlighted the significant and positive effect of the websites' functional characteristics on online trust among customers, which in turn has been proven to be a key driver of their loyalty to their banks. Our study pointed also the mediation role played by online trust between websites' functional characteristics and customer loyalty. The problem we have chosen to deal with in this study was inspired by a thorough literature review and interviews with executives working in the banking sector and with customers. The aim was to better understand the consequences of the crisis. The results of the content analysis of these interviews show that the last three years have seen a deterioration in the bank-customer relationship, accelerated by the financial crisis. The latter contributed significantly in changing the image of banks causing a crack in the trust relationship that connects the bank to the customer. According to the interviewed officials, in this uncertain climate, trust is at its lowest level. Our qualitative study also revealed the emergence of new behaviors from customers and banks following the crisis. Some customer behavior trends have emerged like no longer keeping liquidity at home, no saving, using less credit cards and showing less trust in banks. The latter have experienced a serious lack of liquidity due to the large sums of money that customers had to withdraw. On the bank side, negligence associated with a degradation of services has led to recent heavy losses in terms of customer portfolio and growth opportunities. Thereby, the impact of the crisis affected not only the institutional and economic actors but also consumer behavior vis-a-vis products and services. In times of crisis, banks reinforce their conservatism while the customer tends to be more suspicious of their banks. This crisis relationship between the two parties affects the bank-customer dyadic (Kaminsky &