Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Model Coding for Distributed Inference and Transmission in Mobile Edge Computing Systems

Consider a mobile edge computing system in which users wish to obtain the result of a linear inference operation on locally measured input data. Unlike the offloaded input data, the model weight matrix is distributed across the wireless Edge Nodes (ENs). ENs have non-deterministic computing times, and they can transmit any shared computed output back to the users cooperatively. This letter investigates the potential advantages obtained by coding model information prior to ENs’ storage. Through an information-theoretic analysis, it is concluded that, while generally limiting cooperation opportunities, coding is instrumental in reducing the overall computation-plus-communication latency.
Effect of the antibiotic levofloxacin on the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form biofilm and produce pyocyanin pigment

The current study included a group of (150) clinical swabs for patients suffering from burns, wounds, diabetic ulcers, and urinary tract infections for (69) males and (81) females, their ages ranging from 1-68 years, for the period of November 2021 until March 2022, from Hospitals in Mosul. 75 samples of P. aeruginosa were isolated, representing (50%) of the total clinical samples, and the rate of isolation of them from samples of burns, wounds, diabetic foot ulcers, and urinary tract infections was 75% (42/56), 41.1% ( 23/56), 53.3% (8/15) and 8.7% (2/23), respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method, and it was found that the isolates are multi-antibiotic resistant. The percentage of resistance shown by the isolates was 70.7% for Piperacillin, 89.3% for Amikacin, 74.7% for Aztreonam and Levofloxacin, 81.3% for Gentamicin, Ceftazidime, and Cefepime, 76% for Ciprofloxacin, 80% for Netilmicin and Tobramycin, and 45.3% for Imipenem. The MIC values for the antibiotic Levofloxacin were determined using Macrodilution method, the results showed that the MIC value ranged between (0.5-512) µg/ml. The biofilm formation was assayed by the microtiter plate. Pyocyanin was extracted from the culture supernatants, and the absorbance values were measured using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the antibiotic Levofloxacin at the MIC and Sub-MIC concentrations has an inhibitory effect to varying degrees on biofilm formation and pyocyanin pigment production.
Genetic diversity analysis using morphological and biochemical traits in baby corn (Zea mays)

The present investigation was conducted to examine the genetic diversity existing among 24 genotypes of babycorn (Zea mays L.). The experiment was conducted in three replications in randomized block design during rabi 2018-19 at research farm of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour. Different morphological and biochemical observations were taken to identify diverse genotypes among them. Observations were taken for 10 morphological characters and nine biochemical traits. Analysis of variance showed significant variation in genotypes for all the traits. On the basis of mean performance genotypes Suwan and VQL1 were found to be the best genotypes for baby corn yield. Genotypes LM14 (203.44 q/ha), LM13 (208.73 q/ha), VQL1 (203.25 q/ha), 95IOWA (200.34 q/ha) and Suwan (230.11 q/ha) were found to be the best genotypes for fodder yield. On the basis of D2 Mahalanobis statistical analysis, all the genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. Seven genotypes were found in the cluster III, followed by six genotypes in cluster II and minimum number of genotype was in cluster VI and VII (with one genotype in each cluster). The maximum intra cluster distance was found in cluster V (117.93) followed by cluster III (93.49) and minimum in cluster I (27.64). The maximum inter cluster distance was found in between cluster IV and VII (317.11) and minimum in between cluster I and VII (92.78). The present investigation revealed that cluster IV and VII were most diverse. Genotypes constituted in these clusters may be used as parents for future hybridization.
AirPen: A Touchless Fingertip Based Gestural Interface for Smartphones and Head-Mounted Devices

Hand gestures are an intuitive, socially acceptable, and a non-intrusive interaction modality in Mixed Reality (MR) and smartphone based applications. Unlike speech interfaces, they tend to perform well even in shared and public spaces. Hand gestures can also be used to interact with smartphones in situations where the user's ability to physically touch the device is impaired. However, accurate gesture recognition can be achieved through state-of-the-art deep learning models or with the use of expensive sensors. Despite the robustness of these deep learning models, they are computationally heavy and memory hungry, and obtaining real-time performance on-device without additional hardware is still a challenge. To address this, we propose AirPen: an analogue to pen on paper, but in air, for in-air writing and gestural commands that works seamlessly in First and Second Person View. The models are trained on a GPU machine and ported on an Android smartphone. AirPen comprises of three deep learning models that work in tandem: MobileNetV2 for hand localisation, our custom fingertip regression architecture followed by a Bi-LSTM model for gesture classification. The overall framework works in real-time on mobile devices and achieves a classification accuracy of 80% with an average latency of only 0.12 s.
Non‐vanishing theorems for central L ‐values of some elliptic curves with complex multiplication

The paper uses Iwasawa theory at the prime p=2 to prove non‐vanishing theorems for the value at s=1 of the complex L ‐series of certain quadratic twists of the Gross family of elliptic curves with complex multiplication by the field K=Q(−q) , where q is any prime ≡7mod8 . Our results establish some broad generalizations of the non‐vanishing theorem first proven by Rohrlich using complex analytic methods. Such non‐vanishing theorems are important because it is known that they imply the finiteness of the Mordell–Weil group and the Tate–Shafarevich group of the corresponding elliptic curves over the Hilbert class field of K . It is essential for the proofs to study the Iwasawa theory of the higher dimensional abelian variety with complex multiplication which is obtained by taking the restriction of scalars to K of the particular elliptic curve with complex multiplication introduced by Gross.
Determining the radio active galactic nuclei contribution to the radio–far-infrared correlation using the black hole Fundamental Plane relation

We investigate the 1.4 GHz radio properties of 92 nearby (z<0.05) ultra hard X-ray selected Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) from the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) sample. Through the ultra hard X-ray selection we minimise the biases against obscured or Compton-thick AGN as well as confusion with emission derived from star formation that typically affect AGN samples selected from the UV, optical and infrared wavelengths. We find that all the objects in our sample of nearby, ultra-hard X-ray selected AGN are radio quiet; 83\% of the objects are classed as high-excitation galaxies (HEGs) and 17\% as low-excitation galaxies (LEGs). While these low-z BAT sources follow the radio--far-infrared correlation in a similar fashion to star forming galaxies, our analysis finds that there is still significant AGN contribution in the observed radio emission from these radio quiet AGN. In fact, the majority of our BAT sample occupy the same X-ray--radio fundamental plane as have been observed in other samples, which include radio loud AGN --- evidence that the observed radio emission (albeit weak) is connected to the AGN accretion mechanism, rather than star formation.
Solving the angular momentum problem in the cold feedback mechanism of cooling flows

We show that cold clumps in the intracluster medium (ICM) efficiently lose their angular momentum as they fall in, such that they can rapidly feed the central active galactic nucleus and maintain a heating feedback process. Such cold clumps are predicted by the cold feedback model, a model for maintaining the ICM in cooling flows hot by a feedback process. The clumps very effectively lose their angular momentum in two channels: the drag force exerted by the ICM and the random collisions between clumps when they are close to the central black hole. We conclude that the angular momentum cannot prevent the accretion of the cold clumps, and the cold feedback mechanism is a viable model for a feedback mechanism in cooling flows. Cold feedback does not suffer from the severe problems of models that are based on the Bondi accretion.
Spiral structures and temperature distribution in the quiescent accretion disc of the cataclysmic binary V2051 Ophiuchi

We present the capabilities of our new code for obtaining Doppler maps implementing the maximum likelihood approach. As test data, we used observations of the dwarf nova V2051 Ophiuchi. The system was observed in quiescence at least 16 d before the onset of the next outburst. Using Doppler maps obtained for ten emission lines covering three orbital cycles, we detected spiral structures in the accretion disc of V2051 Oph. However, these structures could be biased as our data sampled the orbital period of the binary at only eight different orbital phases. Our Doppler maps show evolution from a one-arm wave structure in H$\alpha$ to two-armed waves in the other lines. The location of the two-arm structures agrees with simulations showing tidally driven spiral waves in the accretion disc. During consecutive cycles, the qualitative characteristics of the detected structures remained similar but the central absorption increased. For the first time, using the Doppler tomography method, we obtained temperature maps of the accretion disc. However, taking into account all the assumptions involved when using our method to retrieve them, the result should be treated with caution. Our maps present a relatively flat distribution of the temperature over the disc, showing no temperature increase at the location of the spiral arms. Using `ring masking', we have revealed an ionized region located close to the expected location of stream--disc interactions. We found the average temperature of the accretion disc to be 5600 K, which is below the critical limit deduced from the disc instability model.
Seasonal Water “Pump” in the Atmosphere of Mars: Vertical Transport to the Thermosphere

We present results of simulations with the Max Planck Institute Martian general circulation model implementing a hydrological cycle scheme. The simulations reveal a seasonal water “pump” mechanism responsible for the upward transport of water vapor. This mechanism occurs in high latitudes above 60° of the southern hemisphere at perihelion, when the upward branch of the meridional circulation is particularly strong. A combination of the mean vertical flux with variations induced by solar tides facilitates penetration of water across the “bottleneck” at approximately 60 km. The meridional circulation then transports water across the globe to the northern hemisphere. Since the intensity of the meridional cell is tightly controlled by airborne dust, the water abundance in the thermosphere strongly increases during dust storms.
Gravitation and Gauge Symmetries

Preface Space, Time and Gravitation Relativity of space and time Gravitation and geometry Spacetime Symmetries Poincare symmetry Conformal symmetry Poincare Gauge Theory Poincare gauge invariance Geometric interpretation Gravitational dynamics Weyl Gauge Theory Weyl gauge invariance Weyl-Cartan geometry Dynamics Hamiltonian Dynamics Constrained Hamiltonian dynamics The gravitational Hamiltonian Specific models Symmetries and Conservation Laws Gauge symmetries Conservation laws-EC theory Conservation laws-the teleparallel theory Chern-Simons gauge theory in D = 3 Gravity in Flat Spacetime Theories of long range forces Attempts to build a realistic theory Nonlinear Effects in Gravity Nonlinear effects in Yang-Mills theory Scalar theory of gravity Tensor theory of gravity The first order formalism Supersymmetry and Supergravity Supersymmetry Representations of supersymmetry Supergravity Kaluza-Klein Theory Basic ideas Five-dimensional KK theory Higher-dimensional KK theory String Theory Classical bosonic strings Oscillator formalism First quantization Covariant field theory General remarks Appendices A: Local internal symmetries B: Differentiable manifolds C: De Sitter gauge theory D: The scalar-tensor theory E: Ashtekar's formulation of GR F: Constraint algebra and gauge symmetries G: Covariance, spin and interaction of massless particles H: Lorentz group and spinors I: Poincare group and massless particles J: Dirac matrices and spinors K: Symmetry groups and manifolds L: Chern-Simons gravity in three dimensions M: Fourier expansion Bibliography Notations and Conventions Index
Social class and forced migrants’ perception of the value of international mobility

ABSTRACT The link between international mobility, class, and social mobility is often framed in binary terms. While high-skilled labour migration is usually considered to lead to upward social mobility, forced or irregular migrants are often described as poor and marginalised members of their host communities. This article focuses on forced migrants’ own perceptions of their mobility experiences to uncover how they make sense of the links between migration, class, and social mobility. Based on interviews with migrants in Germany, I show that the value they assign to international mobility for social status enhancement is affected by their perceived range of choice over mobility and settlement options. Considering growing global inequality of access to cross-border movement and settlement, the findings contribute to academic debates on the factors influencing the relative importance of migration for increasing people's chances in life.
Improving the full spectrum fitting method: accurate convolution with Gauss-Hermite functions

I start by providing an updated summary of the penalized pixel-fitting (pPXF) method, which is used to extract the stellar and gas kinematics, as well as the stellar population of galaxies, via full spectrum fitting. I then focus on the problem of extracting the kinematic when the velocity dispersion $\sigma$ is smaller than the velocity sampling $\Delta V$, which is generally, by design, close to the instrumental dispersion $\sigma_{\rm inst}$. The standard approach consists of convolving templates with a discretized kernel, while fitting for its parameters. This is obviously very inaccurate when $\sigma<\Delta V/2$, due to undersampling. Oversampling can prevent this, but it has drawbacks. Here I present a more accurate and efficient alternative. It avoids the evaluation of the under-sampled kernel, and instead directly computes its well-sampled analytic Fourier transform, for use with the convolution theorem. A simple analytic transform exists when the kernel is described by the popular Gauss-Hermite parametrization (which includes the Gaussian as special case) for the line-of-sight velocity distribution. I describe how this idea was implemented in a significant upgrade to the publicly available pPXF software. The key advantage of the new approach is that it provides accurate velocities regardless of $\sigma$. This is important e.g. for spectroscopic surveys targeting galaxies with $\sigma\ll\sigma_{\rm inst}$, for galaxy redshift determinations, or for measuring line-of-sight velocities of individual stars. The proposed method could also be used to fix Gaussian convolution algorithms used in today's popular software packages.
Non-Majorana Origin of the Half-Quantized Conductance Plateau in Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator and Superconductor Hybrid Structures

A quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator coupled to an s-wave superconductor is predicted to harbor a topological superconducting phase, the elementary excitations of which (i.e. Majorana fermions) can form topological qubits upon non-Abelian braiding operations. A recent transport experiment interprets the half-quantized two-terminal conductance plateau as the presence of chiral Majorana fermions in a millimeter-size QAH-Nb hybrid structure. However, there are concerns about this interpretation because non-Majorana mechanisms can also generate similar signatures, especially in a disordered QAH system. Here, we fabricated QAH-Nb hybrid structures and studied the QAH-Nb contact transparency and its effect on the corresponding two-terminal conductance. When the QAH film is tuned to the metallic regime by electric gating, we observed a sharp zero-bias enhancement in the differential conductance, up to 80% at zero magnetic field. This large enhancement suggests high probability of Andreev reflection and transparent interface between the magnetic topological insulator (TI) and Nb layers. When the magnetic TI film is in the QAH state with well-aligned magnetization, we found that the two-terminal conductance is always half-quantized. Our experiment provides a comprehensive understanding of the superconducting proximity effect observed in QAH-superconductor hybrid structures and shows that the half-quantized conductance plateau is unlikely to be induced by chiral Majorana fermions.
EFECTOS DE LOS DESCANSOS ACTIVOS EN LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA DE ESTUDIANTES DE PRIMARIA

Los objetivos fueron examinar el impacto de los descansos activos (DA) en la actividad física (AF) de estudiantes de 2º de primaria durante las clases, el recreo y el horario extraescolar, y analizar posibles compensaciones durante el día. Participaron 46 escolares (28 niñas) de 7-8 años. Se realizó un diseño cuasi-experimental con medidas pretest y postest. El grupo experimental (n=22) recibió un programa diseñado por docentes y estudiantes. La AF se registró mediante acelerometría. Las ANOVAs de medidas repetidas mostraron efectos significativas en AFMV y AF muy vigorosa a favor del grupo experimental. El grupo experimental incrementó 14’17”/día de AFMV y 2’01”/día de AF muy vigorosa. En este grupo también se produjo un descenso de AFMV durante los recreos de 6’54”/sem y se redujo el tiempo de actividad sedentaria durante las clases en 73’30”/sem. Implicar al docente y alumnado en el diseño de DA puede aumentar la AF del alumnado.
Valley Jahn-Teller Effect in Twisted Bilayer Graphene

The surprising insulating and superconducting states of narrow-band graphene twisted bilayers have been mostly discussed so far in terms of strong electron correlation, with little or no attention to phonons and electron-phonon effects. We found that, among the 33492 phonons of a fully relaxed $\theta=1.08^\circ$ twisted bilayer, there are few special, hard and nearly dispersionless modes that resemble global vibrations of the moire supercell, as if it were a single, ultralarge molecule. One of them, doubly degenerate at $\Gamma$ with symmetry $A_1+B_1$, couples very strongly with the valley degrees of freedom, also doubly degenerate, realizing a so-called $\text{E}\otimes\text{e}$ Jahn-Teller (JT) coupling. The JT coupling lifts very efficiently all degeneracies which arise from the valley symmetry, and may lead, for an average atomic displacement as small as $0.5~$mA, to an insulating state at charge neutrality. This insulator possesses a non-trivial topology testified by the odd winding of the Wilson loop. In addition, freezing the same phonon at a zone boundary point brings about insulating states at most integer occupancies of the four ultra-flat electronic bands. Following that line, we further study the properties of the superconducting state that might be stabilized by these modes. Since the JT coupling modulates the hopping between AB and BA stacked regions, pairing occurs in the spin-singlet Cooper channel at the inter-(AB-BA) scale, which may condense a superconducting order parameter in the extended $s$-wave and/or $d\pm id$-wave symmetry.
Designing Horndeski and the effective fluid approach

We present a family of designer Horndeski models, i.e., models that have a background exactly equal to that of the ΛCDM model but perturbations given by the Horndeski theory. Then, we extend the effective fluid approach to Horndeski theories, providing simple analytic formulas for the equivalent dark energy effective fluid pressure, density, and velocity. We implement the dark energy effective fluid formulas in our code efclass, a modified version of the widely used Boltzmann solver class, and compare the solution of the perturbation equations with those of the code hi_class which already includes Horndeski models. We find that our simple modifications to the vanilla code are accurate to the level of ∼0.1% with respect to the more complicated hi_class code. Furthermore, we study the kinetic braiding model both on and off the attractor, and we find that even though the full case has a proper ΛCDM limit for large n, it is not appropriately smooth, thus causing the quasistatic approximation to break down. Finally, we focus on our designer model (HDES), which has both a smooth ΛCDM limit and well-behaved perturbations, and we use it to perform Markov Chain–Monte Carlo analyses to constrain its parameters with the latest cosmological data. We find that our HDES model can also alleviate the soft 2σ tension between the growth data and Planck 18 due to a degeneracy between σ8 and one of its model parameters that indicates the deviation from the ΛCDM model.
The mass-loss, expansion velocities, and dust production rates of carbon stars in the Magellanic Clouds

The properties of carbon stars in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) and their total dust production rates are predicted by fitting their spectral energy distributions (SED) over pre-computed grids of spectra reprocessed by dust. The grids are calculated as a function of the stellar parameters by consistently following the growth for several dust species in their circumstellar envelopes, coupled with a stationary wind. Dust radiative transfer is computed taking as input the results of the dust growth calculations. The optical constants for amorphous carbon are selected in order to reproduce different observations in the infrared and optical bands of Gaia Data Release 2. We find a tail of extreme mass-losing carbon stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with low gas-to-dust ratios that is not present in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Typical gas-to-dust ratios are around 700 for the extreme stars, but they can be down to ∼160–200 and ∼100 for a few sources in the SMC and in the LMC, respectively. The total dust production rate for the carbon star population is ∼1.77 ± 0.45 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1, for the LMC, and ∼2.52 ± 0.96 × 10−6 M⊙ yr−1, for the SMC. The extreme carbon stars observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array and their wind speed are studied in detail. For the most dust-obscured star in this sample the estimated mass-loss rate is ∼6.3 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1. The grids of spectra are available at:1 and included in the SED-fitting python package for fitting evolved stars.2
OPTICAL EMISSION-LINE PROPERTIES OF A SAMPLE OF THE BROAD-LINE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: THE BALDWIN EFFECT AND EIGENVECTOR 1

We divide a sample of 302 type-1 active galactic nuclei into two subsamples based on the narrow-line [O iii]/HβNLR ratio, expecting that there will be a stronger starburst (H ii region) contribution to the narrow-line emission for R = log([O iii]/HβNLR) < 0.5. For both samples, we find significant differences in correlations between spectral properties of objects with R < 0.5 and R > 0.5. We find similar differences when we divide the sample based on the FWHM ratios of [O iii] and broad Hβ lines (R1 = log (FWHM [O iii]/FWHM Hβbroad)> < − 0.8), i.e., similar correlations between R > 0.5 and R1 < −0.8 subsamples from one side and R < 0.5 and R1 > −0.8 subsamples from the other side. The most interesting difference is in the correlation between the broad Hβ FWHM and luminosity in the R < 0.5 (R1 > −0.8) sample, which indicates a connection between the broad-line region kinematics and the photoionization source. We discuss possible effects that can cause these differences in spectral properties of two subsamples.