Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of feeding broad bean on muscle quality of tilapia

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding broad bean on growth and meat quality of tilapia. Tilapias with body weight of 199.0 g were fed with practical complete diet or broad bean for 66 days. The feeding trial shows that the growth rate of tilapia fed with practical complete diet or broad bean were 60.65%,28.61%, feed conversion ratios were 2.24,4.64,condition factors were 16.18,11.64. The analysis of meat quality showed that the muscle's protein contents were 17.85%,17.06%; lipid contents were 0.56%, 1.37%, moisture-loss ratios were 13.72%,9.32%;length of myofibril were 312.2 μm ,394.7 μm for tilapia fed with practical complete diet or broad bean. Among these indexes,the growth rate ,condition factor, protein content and water-loss ratio were significantly decreased by feeding broad bean(P0.01),but the muscle's lipid content , length of myofibril and feed conversion ratios were increased (P 0.01). Results above show that there are some effects of feeding broad bean on meat quality of tilapia.
Bryophyte dispersal by sheep on dry grassland

Many bryophytes may depend on epizoochorous dispersal by large mammals for maintaining their populations and colonizing new habitats. On dry grassland we investigated the transport of bryophyte diaspores by sheep, which are known to be effective epizoochorous dispersal vectors of seed plants. Twelve sheep of two breeds were examined by collecting gametophyte fragments from their fleece and hooves. Furthermore, microscopic diaspores from the soil adhering to the hooves were grown in a greenhouse. Species frequency and composition were compared to bryophyte vegetation on the pasture. Considerable amounts of unspecialized gametophyte fragments from 16 moss species, 40% of the species growing on the pasture, were transported by sheep, especially on the belly and the tail. Additionally, we provide first evidence of epizoochorous dispersal of thallus fragments from fruticose lichens. Sheep breeds differed in species spectrum and frequency, i.e. sheep with dense, curly fleece carried more fragments and larger species than those with smooth and fine hair. Among the dispersed bryophytes pleurocarps, certain taxa, sizes (small species) and life forms (mats) were overrepresented compared to the vegetation of the pasture, while large species, acrocarps, wefts and turfs were underrepresented, reflecting fragmentation and adhesion features of the species. In the hooves mostly acrocarpous colonist species were transported. We conclude that sheep are important dispersal vectors with the potential of long-range dispersal for bryophytes, especially for species without sexual reproduction, and that epizoochorous dispersal of microscopic diaspores might be underestimated in its importance so far.
Nonaudit Services and Earnings Conservatism: Is Auditor Independence Impaired?*

We examine whether the provision of non-audit services (NAS) by incumbent auditors is associated with a reduction in the extent of "news-based" earnings conservatism (i.e., the differential extent to which earnings reflect bad news on a timely basis). Reduced earnings conservatism is expected to occur if relatively high levels of NAS results in reduced auditor independence. Because the demand for NAS and the extent of earnings conservatism are potentially endogenous, our primary tests focus on the extent to which NAS purchases (relative to audit fees) are greater or less than expected. Using several different methods for identifying earnings conservatism, we consistently find that higher than expected levels of NAS are not associated with reduced conservatism. This result is also robust across alternative measures of the economic bond between auditors and their clients, and also holds for tests confined to either the Big 6 or non-Big 6 audit firms. Our results are consistent with factors such as market-based incentives, the threat of ligation and alternative governance mechanisms offsetting any expected benefits to the audit firm from reducing its independence. We therefore conclude that recent legislative intervention aimed at restricting the supply of NAS is unlikely to result in increased independence in fact, although independence in appearance may be improved.
Circulating lnhibin Levels during Normal Menstrual Cycle in the Japanese Monkey.

Changes in serum inhibin concentrations during the menstrual cycle were studied in 6 Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata fuscata) by a heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) based on a bovine RIA. Serum levels of estradiol-17β, progesterone, LH and FSH were also monitored. Inhibin levels in the serum were low during the early and midfollicular phases, followed by a slight increase during the late follicular phase. A marked increase in serum inhibin was found during the luteal phase. Changes in serum inhibin during the luteal phase were positively correlated with those in serum progesterone, whereas serum FSH remained suppressed during the luteal phase. These results suggest that both the corpora lutea and the antral follicles are the sources of circulating inhibin in the female Japanese monkey.
Air pollution, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and COVID-19 outcomes: A state-of-the-science review of a rapidly evolving research area

Background: As the coronavirus pandemic rages on, 692,000 (August 7, 2020) human lives and counting have been lost worldwide to COVID-19. Understanding the relationship between short- and long-term exposure to air pollution and adverse COVID-19 health outcomes is crucial for developing solutions to this global crisis. Objectives: To conduct a scoping review of epidemiologic research on the link between short- and long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 health outcomes. Method: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, MedRxiv, and BioRxiv for preliminary epidemiological studies of the association between air pollution and COVID-19 health outcomes. 28 papers were finally selected after applying our inclusion/exclusion criteria; we categorized these studies as long-term studies, short-term time-series studies, or short-term cross-sectional studies. One study included both short-term time-series and a cross-sectional study design. Results: 27 studies of the 28 reported evidence of statistically significant positive associations between air pollutant exposure and adverse COVID-19 health outcomes; 11 of 12 long-term studies and all 16 short-term studies reported statistically significant positive associations. The 28 identified studies included various confounders, spatial and temporal resolutions of pollution concentrations, and COVID-19 health outcomes. Discussion: We discuss methodological challenges and highlight additional research areas based on our findings. Challenges include data quality issues, ecological study design limitations, improved adjustment for confounders, exposure errors related to spatial resolution, geographic variability in testing, mitigation measures and pandemic stage, clustering of health outcomes, and a lack of publicly available data and code.
Generic Limits of Xanthocephalum, Gutierrezia, Amphiachyris, Gymnosperma, Greenella, and Thurovia (Compositae: Astereae)

Xanthocephalum, Gutierrezia, Greenella, Gymnosperma, Amphiachyris, and Thurovia have been variously treated with regard to their generic limits by several authors in the last 3 decades. The generic delimitation presented here is based on a thorough re-evaluation of all 26 known North American members of these genera. The data obtained in the study strongly support the following disposition of the taxa, which differs from all previous treatments. Xanthocephalum (x = 6), a genus of montane areas in western Mexico and the southwestern United States, contains five species (one with three varieties) and is more closely related to Grindelia and Olivaea than to Gutierrezia and its allies. Gutierrezia (x = 4) encompasses seventeen specific and infraspecific taxa in North America, including not only the eight taxa recognized for it by Solbrig, but also five taxa formerly of Xanthocephalum, and the genera Greenella and Thurovia (the last resulting in Gutierrezia triflora, comb. nov.). The genus thus constituted ranges from central Mexico north and west through the central and western United States to Saskatchewan. Amphiachyris (n = 4 or 5) with two grassland species of Texas and central United States, and the monotypic Gymnosperma (x = 8), which ranges from northern Guatemala to Texas and westward to Arizona, are closely allied to Gutierrezia. The taxonomic problem presented by the group of genera that unfortunately have been called the "Xanthocephalum complex" is one of generic rather than specific circumscription. The genera concerned, besides Xanthocephalum, are Amphiachyris, Amphipappus, Greenella, Gutierrezia, Gymnosperma, and Thurovia. Taxonomic histories have been provided by Solbrig (1960a, 1960b, 196 1a, 196 1b, 1966), Ruffin (1974), Porter (1943), and Lane (1979, 1980b). A very brief summary of the several evaluations is as follows. A number of workers, including Bentham (1873) and Gray (1852, 1853, 1880a, 1880b, 1883), recognized the affinity of most of these genera, but for the most part maintained them as distinct entities. Shinners (1950) united all except Amphipappus and Thurovia under Xanthocephalum. Solbrig (1960b) again segregated them, while Ruffin (1974, 1977a) recommended that Gutierrezia and Greenella be submerged in Xanthocephalum and that Amphiachyris, Amphipappus, Gymnosperma, and Thurovia be considered distinct. It might seem unnecessary to reconsider this taxonomic problem in view of the several treatments already in the literature. However, data that have accumulated even since the most recent of these suggest that such a reconsideration is in order. None of the previous studies included every species of each genus; further, the various authors changed only the taxonomic rankings of whole, historically constituted genera. I wished
Neighborhood effects on juveniles in an old-growth stand of longleaf pine, Pinus palustris

We examined the effects of number, size and distance of adult trees on the survival and size of one-year-juveniles in an old-growth stand of longleaf pine. A total of 336 juvenile plots were established within an old-growth longleaf pine savanna in which locations and sizes of all adult trees were known. Plots were established in May 1988 following a mast year in the autumn 1987. In May 1989, survival and sizes of juveniles were measured. Adult trees > 1 cm dbh located within 30 m of each of the 336 juveniles plots were classified based on diameter and distance to plots. Repression analyses were conducted in which survival and sizes of juveniles were related to total dbh and number of all neighbors within defined size and distance classes. Large neighbors (>30 cm dbh) influenced juvenile survival up to 18 m from plots and influenced juvenile sizes up to 15 m from plots. Our data thus suggest that there are strong influences of neighbors on very early life stapes of longleaf pine in the old growth stand. Patches of juveniles begin to form in areas where impacts of neighbors are minimal (i.e. few large trees in the vicinity) is early as the first year of growth. Locations of sites most suitable for recruitment into the old-growth stand - some distance from large trees - thus are predictable at the time of seed dispersal
Population structure of Sinelobus cf. stanfordi (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) from Pinheiros River mangrove, Guaratuba Bay, southern Brazil

An analysis of the population structure of the tanaid Sinelobus cf. stanfordi was performed at Pinheiros River mangrove, Guaratuba Bay, Paraná State, southern Brazil (25°49′S 48°34′W). Fifteen samples of 12 × 12 cm were obtained bimonthly from the surface of galleries (interconnected burrow complex) constructed by the adult mangrove crab Ucides cordatus from June 2007 to April 2008. The carapace length (CL) of a total of 714 tanaids was measured. Tanaids were divided into four demographic categories: males (M), ovigerous females (OV), preparatory females (PREP) and non-reproductive individuals (NREP) with a mean CL of 0.55, 0.49, 0.48 and 0.43 mm, respectively. In the NREP group, specimens smaller than 0.32 mm were classified as juveniles. NREP predominated in all sampling months, and among sexually mature individuals, a strong predominance of females was observed throughout the study period. Temporal fluctuations in abundance were observed, with a peak in August 2007. The reproductive period of this species is continuous, with a peak in the summer, like most S. cf. stanfordi populations.
Scorpion bites in the north-western of Khuzestan province from May 2002 to December 2003

رتـکد :لوؤسم هدنسیون هاگـشناد ؛یرداــق دیمح نارهت یکشزپ مولع :رباـــــــمن و نــــــفلت 66947365 e-mail: Ghaderi.hamid@gmail . com هدیکچ هــ ب . تسا دارفا شیاسآ بلس و تیذا و رازآ لماع و یتشادهب تلاضعم زا یکی یگدزبرقع :فده و هنیمز ید اــت 1381 هام تشهیبدرا زا ناتسزوخ ناتسا یبرغ لامش رد یگدزبرقع دراوم یسررب روظنم نیمه . تسا هدش ماجنا 1382 هام دراوـم ماـمت یـسررب تروـص هـب هـک تـسا یـفیصوت و رـگنهدنیآ عون زا رضاح هعلاطم :یسررب شور یـبرغ لامـش رد عـقاو هـنانچ هـقطنم رد 1382 هاــ م ید ات 1381 لاس هام تشهبیدرا یط رد یگدزبرقع . تسا هدش ماجنا ناتسزوخ ناتسا نیرتـشیب ،Androctonus crassicauda برقع زا یشان (دروم 139) یگدزبرقع دراوم مامت زا :اههتفای نودـب) دـنتفرگ رارـق ناـمرد تــحت یتملاع تروص هب یگمه هک دوب ناتسبات لصف رد یگدزبرقع دراوم . دندش صخرم هضراع نودب و (برقعدض مرس قیرزت قـیرزت نودـب هـک تـسا هدوـب Androctonus crassicauda برقع طسوت یگدیزگ دراوم :یریگهجیتن مرـس زـیوجت دراوـم تـسا رتهـب نیارباـنب . دش لصاح یدوبهب یگدیزگ دراوم نامرد رد برقعدض مرس . دریگ رارق یرگنزاب دروم ناگدیزگبرقع زا هورگ نیا رد ار برقعدض
Description of the Defensive Behaviour of Four Neotropical Harvestmen (Laniatores: Gonyleptidae) Against a Synchronic and Sympatric Wolf Spider (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Summary Harvestmen have an extensive list of predators, among which spiders stand out. To avoid predation, harvestmen have developed several defensive behaviours, which range from attempting not to be detected by their predator to releasing defensive chemicals. In this work, our aim was to determine which are the defensive behaviours adopted by four synchronic and sympatric species of gonyleptid harvestmen (Acanthopachylus aculeatus; Pachyloides thorellii, Discocyrtus prospicuus and Parampheres bimaculatus) when attacked by the lycosid Schizocosa malitiosa, a wolf spider abundant in Uruguay. Schizocosa malitiosa attacked the four harvestmen species on 77% of observations, but was only able to predate on a low percentage of cases, when the females were more effective than their male counterparts. Unexpectedly, post-detection behaviours were more effective than chemicals, which in no case prevented predation or ingestion of the prey, while the thick cuticle is a very effective barrier against this spider.
ALTIKA: A Micro-Satellite KA-Band Altimetry Mission

Ka-band altimetry has been proposed by Verron et al. (2001) to complement the altimetry reference missions of the Jason class. The goal of this paper is to provide information on the so-called “AltiKa” proposal in terms of science requirements, responsive technical specifications, and a priori performances. Besides the fact that the feasibility of embarking an AltiKa payload on a microsatellite has already been assessed, there is also the information that a small launcher may have the capability of launching several microsatellites simultaneously (up to three) in a number of configurations that may be adapted to the space time requirements of high resolution altimetry.
Latitudinal body-mass trends in Oligo-Miocene mammals

Abstract. Paleecological data allow not only the study of trends along deep-time chronological transects but can also be used to reconstruct ecological gradients through time, which can help identify causal factors that may be strongly correlated in modern ecosystems. We have applied such an analysis to Bergmann's rule, which posits a causal relationship between temperature and body size in mammals. Bergmann's rule predicts that latitudinal gradients should exist during any interval of time, with larger taxa toward the poles and smaller taxa toward the equator. It also predicts that the strength of these gradients should vary with time, becoming weaker during warmer periods and stronger during colder conditions. We tested these predictions by reconstructing body-mass trends within canid and equid genera at different intervals of the Oligo-Miocene along the West Coast of North America. To allow for comparisons with modern taxa, body mass was reconstructed along the same transect for modern Canis and Odocoileus.Of the 17 fossil genera analyzed, only two showed the expected positive relationship with latitude, nor was there consistent evidence for a relationship between paleotemperature and body mass. Likewise, the strength of body-size gradients does not change predictably with climate through time. The evidence for clear gradients is ambiguous even in the modern genera analyzed. These results suggest that, counter to Bergmann's rule, temperature alone is not a primary driver of body size and underscore the importance of regional-scale paleoecological analyses in identifying such drivers.
Rare or little known corticioid basidiomycetes from southern Belarus

Six non-poroid resupinate homobasidiomycete species, collected within the borders of Paleskaya Physiographic Province, or Polesia (Belarus), are described and illustrated: Crustodontia chrysocreas, Hyphoderma cryptocallimon, H. transiens, Oliveonia citrispora, Trechispora caucasica, T. minuta. According to the known distributional data, these taxa are rare or exceptionally rare in Belarus and other European countries; they are, except H. transiens, reported from Belarus for the first time. Distinctive characters and morphological differences from similar-looking species are discussed.
SILÍCIO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO IN VITRO DA ORQUÍDEA Cattleya forbesii

Addition of Silicon (Si) to culture media has been shown to improve the development of seedlings grown in vitro, and to reduce losses during the acclimatization phase. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro growth of Cattleya forbesii (Orchidaceae) in MS medium containing five different concentrations of SiO 2 (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g·L −1 ). At day 200, the following variables were measured: number of roots, average length of the root system, leaf area, number of leaves and shoots, shoot height, fresh and dry masses of roots and shoots, water content of roots and shoots, and pH of the culture medium. Most variables decreased as the concentration of Si increased, reducing the in vitro vegetative growth of C. forbesii. Accumulation of Si in leaf tissues was detected by scanning electron microscopy, confirming uptake by plants. The Si source and concentrations tested showed no beneficial effect on in vitro growth of C. forbesii.
NUMBERS OF CHROMOSOMES IN SOME SPECIES OF BEES1

A chromosome survey was carried out for 20 species of bees with numerical results shown in Table 1. Some features of meiosis in bees are noted and tentative interpretations given. The data indicate that polyploidy has occurred at least 5 times in bees. Increase of one in chromosome number occurred once in the 20 species. Four different Robertsonian fusions occurred in 4 species and two other such fusions occurred simultaneously in one species.
Solving the Multi Objective Programming Problem Using Mean and Median Value

In this paper, the present algorithm [4] to solve fractional programming problem for multi objective functions, investigate the algorithm to solve linear programming problem for multiobjective functions [2], the computer application of algorithm was tested on a number of numerical examples and modify the approach by using mean and median for values of objective functions, to combine objective function from objective functions for linear programming problem for multi objective functions then it has been improved the above algorithm to solve the problem and computer application of improvement algorithm has been demonstrated by a flow chart and solving numerical examples on the computer then the good results have been often, as compared to the previous method [2]
Germination, Growth, and Development of Herbicide Resistant and Susceptible Populations of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

Rate of seedling emergence, relative growth rate (RGR), and phenological development were compared in several accessions of rigid ryegrass belonging to three distinct resistance classes. The aryloxyphenoxypropionate resistant (AOPP-R) class had a faster and less variable seedling emergence than the sulfonylurea resistant (SU-R) and susceptible (S) classes. However, even the fastest of the AOPP-R accessions was within the range of the S and SU-R classes. No significant differences were detected among the resistant classes in seed dormancy, RGR, and the rate of phenological development. The rate of spike emergence, irrespective of the resistance class, was related to the latitude of the origin of the accessions, suggesting adaptation to the local climates since introduction. Due to considerable variation among weed populations for most biological attributes, the need to include several R and S accessions, in studies similar to the one reported here, is of vital importance. Because of the means and variances of the three resistance classes, at least four accessions from each resistance class would have been required to detect the observed differences between emergence rates of the AOPP-R and S classes with a confidence of 95%.
Understanding Academic Misconduct.

Research suggests that the majority of U.S. undergraduate students have engaged in some form of misconduct while completing their academic work, despite knowing that such behaviour is ethically or morally wrong. U.S.-based studies have also identified myriad personal and institutional factors associated with academic misconduct. Implicit in some of these factors are several institutional strategies that may be implemented to support academic integrity: revisiting the values and goals of higher education, recommitting to quality in teaching and assessment practice, establishing effective policies and invigilation practices, providing educational opportunities and support for all members of the university community, and using (modified) academic honour codes. There is a dearth of similar research in Canada despite growing recognition that academic misconduct is a problem on Canadian campuses. This paper suggests that Canadian higher education can learn much from the U.S. experience and calls for both a recommitment to academic integrity and research on academic misconduct in Canadian higher education institutions.
Asymbiotic seed germination and mass multiplication of Taprobanea spathulata (L.) Christenson (Asparagales: Orchidaceae): a medicinally important epiphytic orchid

An effective protocol was developed for asymbiotic seed germination and mass multiplication of Taprobanea spathulata (L.) Christenson a medicinally important epiphytic orchid. Different types of media such as MS, B5, Mitra, KCM and LO media was tested for seed germination and protocorm development. Half strength MS medium was found to be best for seed germination (92.73 + 1.18%) and protocorm development. Protocorms were cultured on half strength MS medium with different growth hormones such as BAP, KIN, NAA, IAA (0.5-2.0 mg/L) either individually or in combination. Organic additives such as peptone, coconut water and tomato juice were tested either individually or in combination with KIN for multiple shoot induction. KIN (1.0 mg/L) along with IAA (1.0 mg/L) was found to be best in producing multiple protocorms (22.40 + 1.33) with 1.60 + 0.24 number of roots. The organic additives peptone at 0.5% individually (14.64 + 0.312) and 0.125% in combination with KIN (0.5 mg/L) was effective in producing 16.84 + 0.639 multiple protocorms. Both NAA and IAA at 0.5 mg/L individually were effective for inducing healthy roots. Plantlets with well-developed leaves and roots were transplanted to vermiculite for acclimatization. The survival rate was 67%.