Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel approach for adaptive coefficient tuning for the simulation of evaporating high-speed sprays injected into a high-temperature and high-pressure environment

Producing reliable in-cylinder simulations for quick-turnaround engine development for industrial purposes is a challenging task for modern computational fluid dynamics, mostly because of the tuning effort required for the sub-models used in the various frameworks (the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and large eddy simulation). Tuning is required because of the need for modern engines to operate under a wider range of conditions and fuels. In this article, we suggest a novel methodology based on automated simulation parameter optimisation that is capable of delivering a priori a coefficient matrix for each operating condition. This approach produces excellent results for multiple comparison metrics like liquid and vapour penetration lengths, radial and axial mass fraction and temperature distributions. In this article, we also show for the first time that input model coefficients can potentially be linked to ambient boundary conditions in a physically consistent manner. Changes in injection pressure, charge pressure and charge density are considered. This paves the way for the tabulation of the constants in order to eliminate lengthy tuning iterations between operating conditions and move towards adaptive simulations as the piston moves changing the in-cylinder conditions. An additional discussion is performed for the validity range of existent models given that in recent years there has been a shift towards more extreme thermodynamic conditions in the injection stage (reaching the limits of transcritical flows). Although in this work the framework was implemented in the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes context because this is the tool of preference of digital engineering currently by automotive industries, the approach can be easily extended in large eddy simulation.
A Comparative, Double-blind, Randomised Trial of a New Second Generation LMWH (Bemiparin) and UFH in the Prevention of Post-operative Venous Thromboembolism

Summary A randomised, prospective, double-blind trial was performed, to compare the safety and efficacy of a new low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) Bemiparin and standard unfractionated heparin (UFH), for the prophylaxis of postoperative venous thromboembolism. 300 patients scheduled to undergo elective hip arthroplasty were included. The principal outcome measures were the incidence of thromboembolic events and bleeding complications. 149 patients received 3,500 anti-Xa IU of bemiparin plus a placebo injection daily and 149 patients received 5,000 IU of UFH twice a day. The two groups were similar with respect to factors likely to affect the risk of developing post-operative venous thromboembolism (VTE) and risk of bleeding events. During the post-operative period, 34 patients developed VTE complications; 9 (7.2%) in the bemiparin group and 25 (18.7%) in the UFH group. VTE in the two groups was statistically significant (OR of 2.96; 95% CI 1.32-6.62 and p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the frequency of bleeding complications: major bleeding requiring discontinuation of prophylaxis, (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.36-4.05; p = 1.00), the measured median operative blood loss (p = 0.77) or the median postoperative drain loss (p = 0.97), and the number of patients who developed wound haematoma (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.31-2.46; p = 1.00). A comparison of coagulation parameters on the preoperative day with post-operative day 2 ± 1, day 6 ± 1 and day of discharge showed a significantly higher AT concentration, anti-factor Xa activity and TFPI levels in the bemiparin group when compared with UFH. This study demonstrates that bemiparin, in a single daily subcutaneous dose of 3,500 anti-Xa IU in high risk patients undergoing hip arthroplasty is more effective than UFH administered twice daily at a dose of 5,000 IU in the prevention of postoperative VTE. Both agents are equally safe. List of participants, their affiliations and current addresses are listed in the appendix on p. 528
SERUM TRACE ELEMENTS (ALUMINIUM, COPPER, ZINC) IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Introduction: Trace element is defined as one that makes up less than 0.01% of body’s mass. Those present at ug/dl in body fluids and at mg/kg in tissues are referred to as trace elements and those found at ng/dl in body fluids or ug/kg in tissues are referred to as ultra – trace elements. Although these elements constitute a relatively small amount of total body tissues these are essential for many vital processes. Objective: To determine the serum level of trace elements i.e Aluminum (Al), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Fifty patients of End Stage Renal disease (ESRD) on (HD) for more than three months from dialysis center of Shalamar Hospital Lahore were included in the study. Patients of acute renal failure, duration less than three months were excluded from the study. Fifteen subjects age and gender matched having normal kidney functions were included as controls. Demographic data was collected in a separate form having age, gender, cause of ESRD, duration of dialysis and viral markers. Results: The major causes of ESRD were diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy. The mean age was 46.10 ± 16.29 years and predominantly patients were from middle class. Mean duration of dialysis was 24.87 ± 22.1 months and majority of the patients 40 (74.1%) were on twice weekly dialysis. Mean serum Al level was 65.44 ± 33.41 Bg/L as compared to controls (13.20 ± 6.155) which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Mean serum Zn level was 59.17 ± 32.51 Bg/L and Cu level was 35.35 ± 31.52 Bg/L which were significantly (p < 0.001) lower than controls (107.53 ± 13.32, 107.00+11.85 Bg/L). Duration of the dialysis had negative correlation with serum Zn level. It was significantly (p< 0.02) low (44.78 ± 33.061 Bg/L) when duration of dialysis was more than 30 months as compared to duration less than 30 months (66.36 ± 30.174 Bg/L). Conclusion: Serum levels of trace elements were significantly different in ESRD patients. Majority of patients had high Al levels and decreased Cu and Zn level. High serum Al levels in patients were due to intake of Al based phosphate binders. Decreased Zn and Cu levels were due to poor intake and dietary restriction. Duration of the dialysis had negative correlation with serum Zn level.
Strategies and Problems Encountered by Teachers in Implementing Mother Tongue - Based Instruction in a Multilingual Classroom

The use of mother tongue in teaching in a multilingual setting affects the way pupils learn. A melting pot and the educational center of the North, Baguio City, Philippines demands teaching strategies that not only adapt to the interplay of the different cultures and languages but give importance to them, too. Specifically, this paper analyzed the strategies of teachers in implementing Mother Tongue - Based Instruction in a Multilingual Classroom and identified some problems that teachers encounter in implementing them. The study used qualitative analysis with interview as the main data gathering tool. The respondents were teachers purposively selected from the suggested pilot schools of Mother Tongue - Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) in Baguio City. From the phenomenological analysis of the data, the findings showed that the teachers used strategies such as translation of target language to mother tongue, utilization of multilingual teaching, utilization of lingua-franca, improvization of instructional materials written in mother tongue, remediation of instruction, and utilization of literary piece written in mother tongue as motivation. Some problems encountered by the teachers in implementing mother tongue - based instruction include absence of books written in mother tongue, lack of vocabulary, and lack of teacher-training. Nevertheless, the study indicated that major attention and effort are still necessary to be given to the approach.
Serum total cholesterol in hypertensive Northern Nigerians

Hypertension is associated with several lipid abnormalities including elevated total cholesterol (TC) concentrations. The presence of dyslipidaemia increases risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is paucity of data on the pattern of serum TC in hypertensive patients in northern Nigeria. The objective of the present study was therefore to evaluate serum total cholesterol in hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) were measured in 100 hypertensive patients and fifty 50 normotensive. Body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) were also measured in both hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. The data obtained were analysed using Microsoft Office Excel 2003. Two-tailed student’s t- test for matched samples and Pearson’s linear correlation analysis statistical methods were employed for the analyses. A p-value of equal to or less than 0.05 (p � 0.05) was considered as statistically significant. The results of serum TC in hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects were 5.12 ± 0.12 and 4.50 ± 0.11 mmol/L, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there were positive and significant correlations between serum TC and BP in both hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. Similarly, there were positive and significant correlations between serum TC and BMI in hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. These findings demonstrate that serum TC levels increase as the BP and BMI rise in both hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. Hypertensive patients demonstrate higher serum TC concentrations than their normotensive counterparts, suggesting a high risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke among hypertensives. We recommend routine evaluation and proper management of serum TC in hypertensive patients.
Environmental issues and the achieved level of media coverage in the Republic of Serbia

The environmental issues and quality of life in the Republic of Serbia are starting to take place that deserve a long time ago. The right to a healthy environment and the availability of information concerning the environment that are guaranteed by the Constitution and the Aarhus Convention belong to the fundamental human rights, now widely accepted in the world and in our country. This approach to 'democratization' in the field of environmental issues means and includes media in the broadest sense in order to justify their social role and justification. Awareness of the necessity of preserving the environment has long been present in conscientious, but few workmen of 'fourth estate'. The third millennium of our civilization, calls out and gathers in a mission the science and profession, but especially the media, because their influence is the fastest and most pervasive. In this front are included the public services (Radio-Television of Serbia and Radio-Television of Vojvodina; RTS and RTV) first called to inform, popularize, teach and spread awareness about the alarming situation and environmental issues in the Republic of Serbia and in the world as a whole, in order to enhance the motivation to improve further information and specialist media education in this field. This paper analyzes the specific practices of Novi Sad Television broadcasting, in the last decade in the context of the issues related to the environment and media coverage.
Role of Aqueous Humor Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Its Inhibitor and Connective Tissue Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma

Objective: To study the presence and possible quantitative differences of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and its endogenous inhibitor, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in aqueous humor of patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and cataract patients (serving as controls) and to determine the potential role of these elements in the pathogenesis of glaucomas. Patients and Methods: Aqueous humor samples were collected from 75 patients (25 patients with PEXG, 25 with POAG and 25 with senile cataract, who served as controls). Glaucoma and cataract subjects underwent routine glaucoma trabeculectomy and cataract extraction surgeries respectively. MMP2, TIMP2 and CTGF levels were measured using specific enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Results: Total MMP2 was detected in significantly higher concentration in aqueous samples from PEXG eyes and POAG eyes compared to control eyes. The ratio of MMP2 to its principle inhibitor TIMP2 was balanced in cataract samples as well as in samples from PEXG glaucoma patients but increased in POAG samples. The CTGF concentration in PEXG group was significantly higher compared to POAG and cataract groups. Conclusion: Complex changes in MMP2-TIMP2 balance in aqueous humor may promote the abnormal matrix accumulation (in PEXG) and matrix degeneration (in POAG) which may be causally involved in the pathogenesis of both glucomas. The increased CTGF concentration supports the proposed fibrotic pathology of glaucoma. Regulation of MMP2/ TIMP2 expression and anti-CTGF therapy may offer potential therapeutic avenues for controlling glaucoma. (Rawal Med J 2008;33:179-183).
Household fuel use and acute respiratory infections among younger children: an exposure assessment in Shebedino Wereda, Southern Ethiopia

SUMMARY Background: the health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution have yet to become a central focus of research, development aid and policy-making. Objective: To investigate the e! ect of household fuel use on acute respiratory infection in younger children at Shebedino Wereda. Study method: The study design was cross-sectional, which employed an exposure assessment approach, collecting detailed primary data on several household-level exposure indicators (fuel type, stove type, kitchen type, housing type, ventilation, etc.) through the administration of a questionnaire in 405 households. Data were collected during January to February 2006. Result: The response rate for the sampled households was 100%. ARI prevalence of the study area (21%) was found to be lower as compared to the national "gure in 2000 (24%). The study approach appears to demonstrate a relatively consistent association between child handling practice while cooking and childhood ARI. Conclusion: The existing environmental and socioeconomic factor in the study area has a considerable potential to contribute for environmental threats to the health of children. An obvious implication is that educating the public about the adverse e! ects of cooking smoke on child health and on good child handling practice through community participation is essential.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Antitubercular Activity of Mannich Bases of Isoniazid-Containing Thiazolidin-4-one Rings

Isoniazid (INH), the established antitubercular drug was selected as the lead for the design and development of antitubercular agents by many researchers. 4-thiazolidinones are well known heterocyclic compounds for their spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal [1], anticancer [2], antitubercular, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory [3], analgesic [4], antithyroid, local anaesthetic, monoamine oxidase inhibition, anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity etc [5]. Modification of thiazolidinones via Mannich reaction to improve biological activity is also reported [6]. A series of novel Mannich bases were designed from 4-thiazolidinones of INH using in silico studies. Docking studies were performed at Mtb enoyl acp reductase (4DRE) which is the binding site of INH. The derivatives exhibiting best docking scores were prepared from 2, 3-disubstituted-4-thiazolidinones by treating with formaldehyde and various secondary amines. 2, 3-disubstituted-4-thiazolidinones in turn were obtained from a series of INH Schiff bases by reaction with thioglycolic acid. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 CNMR and mass spectral studies. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antitubercular activity using Alamar blue assay method and the hepatotoxicity was determined by MTT assay using Chang liver cells. MB1V-4—the Mannich base of N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-1, 3-thiazolidin-3-yl] pyridine-4-carboxamide with nitrotriazolone (NTO)—exhibited the best antitubercular activity (sensitive at 1.6 µg/ml); in comparison with the standard parent drug INH (sensitive at 3.12 µg/ml). The percentage viability produced by MB1V-4 for in vitro hepatotoxicity screening was better than the percentage viability produced by INH itself. Keywords: Isoniazid (INH), 4-thiazolidinone, Mannich base, Nitrotriazolone (NTO), Alamar blue, Chang liver cell, in vitro hepatotoxicity Cite this Article Thomas B, Harindran J. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Antitubercular Activity of Mannich Bases of Isoniazid-Containing Thiazolidin-4-one Rings. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science . 2016; 7(1): 1–12p.
Comparative evaluation of audio and audio - tactile methods to improve oral hygiene status of visually impaired school children

Background: Visually impaired children are unable to maintain good oral hygiene, as their tactile abilities are often underdeveloped owing to their visual disturbances. Conventional brushing techniques are often poorly comprehended by these children and hence, it was decided to evaluate the effectiveness of audio and audio-tactile methods in improving the oral hygiene of these children. Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of audio and audio-tactile methods in improving oral hygiene status of visually impaired school children. Materials and Methods: In this study, the total study group comprised 48 visually impaired children that were randomly divided into two groups, with one group receiving the audio method and the other group receiving the audio-tactile method. Periodic reinforcement of health education was performed at an interval of 2 months. Re-examination was carried out after 2 months of health education to assess plaque scores. Data were statistically analyzed using paired t-test. Results: There was reduction in plaque scores in audio-tactile group after health education. In the audio-tactile group, the mean plaque scores of pre- and post-health education were 1.28 and 0.95, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In audio group, the mean plaque scores of pre- and post-health education were 1.15 and 0.14, respectively. The difference was statistically nonsignificant (P < 0.07). Conclusion: Visually impaired children could maintain an acceptable level of oral hygiene when taught using special customized methods. However, reinforcement at regular intervals is required for the maintenance of oral hygiene.
Factors contributing to poor performance in Kenya certificate of primary education in public day primary schools in Mwimbi Division, Maara District, Kenya

Performance of students is a product of socio-economic, psychological and environmental factors. Education plays a significant role in political, economic and social realms of development. Secondary school placement, and to some extent admission, depend on the achievement in the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education examination in standard eight. This study aimed at finding out factors that contribute to poor performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Education examination in public day primary schools in Mwimbi Division, Maara District, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was used and a sample of 6 head teachers, 51 teachers and 146 standard eight pupils participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data obtained. The study realized the following as factors contributing to poor performance in primary national examination; inadequate learning resources, inadequate monitoring by head teachers, understaffing, high teacher turnover rate, inadequate prior preparation, lack of motivation for teachers, large workload, absenteeism by both teachers and pupils, pupils lateness, lack of support from parents. The following recommendations were made; more teachers to be employed to reduce workload, Ministry of Education to organize induction courses for head teachers to equip them with managerial skills, parents to be educated on the importance of basic education for their children, mode of rewarding teachers to be established. The study is expected to give insight reference to policy makers, scholars and researchers in order to improve the weak areas. Key terms: Examination, Factors, Performance, Primary Schools
LUNG CANCER AND OCCUPATION IN TWO DIFFERENT AREAS OF ROMANIA

The authors examined the relation between occupation and lung cancer in two patient cohorts from different areas of Romania: Constanta and Valcea. In 2005-2010, in Constanta and Valcea counties, 488 and 344 incident lung cancer cases were enrolled. Lifetime occupational histories (industry and job title) were coded by using standard international classifications and were translated into occupations known (list A) or suspected (list B) to be associated with lung cancer. An exposure excess of 14.6% for patients from Constanta ever employed in occupations known to be associated with lung cancer (list A) was found, with the largest contributions from the oil refinery and shipbuilding industries No overall excess was found for list B with the exception of bus and truck drivers (men) and launderers and dry cleaners (women), in both groups of patients. These results indicate that past exposure to occupational carcinogens remains an important determinant of lung cancer occurrence.
Addressing Self-Injury in the School Setting

A growing number of students presenting with nonlethal self-injury has recently captured the attention of school nurses. The purpose of intentional self-harm is aimed at reducing emotional distress. This is not a new phenomenon, but what is alarming is the increasing incidence of self-injurious behavior among adolescents. This behavior is raising many questions for school staff. School nurses, along with guidance department staff, are searching for information and direction needed to address this behavior. School nurses, educated about self-injury, can serve as resources for other school staff members. Prevention strategies for all adolescents can be developed as well as strategies targeted at groups of at-risk adolescents. Because mental health care is critical for the treatment of self-injury, referral and early access to counseling is an important role for school nurses. In addition, a plan that includes educating staff members and parents can be developed. Included in this comprehensive plan is developing a protocol to be used to guide the care of adolescents who self-injure.