Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature-dependent development rate of three mealybug species, Pseudococcus citriculus Green, Planococcus citri (Risso), and Planococcus kraunhiae (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus.

カンキツを加害する3種のコナカイガラムシをウンシュウミカンの葉で飼育し,発育速度と温度との関係を比較調査した。 1) ミカンヒメコナカイガラムシの雌幼虫期間と産卵前期間における発育零点はそれぞれ11.7, 10.0°C,有効積算温度は338日度,302日度であった。 フジコナカイガラムシでは8.0°C, 11.7°C,および519日度,312日度,ミカンコナカイガラムシでは7. 7°C, 8.0°C,および401日度,378日度であった。 2) 3種のコナカイガラムシとも30°Cの条件下では幼虫の発育が遅延し,産卵するまでに至った虫は見られなかった。 3) ミカンヒメコナカイガラムシの平均産卵数は約200であり,20∼27.5°Cの範囲における卵期間は温度に関係なく平均2日であった。 フジコナカイガラムシ,ミカンコナカイガラムシの産卵数は100未満であり,卵期間は前種で3∼5日,後種で5∼10日であった。 4) 恒温条件で求めたミカンヒメコナカイガラムシの発育零点と有効積算温度を用い,各齢の発生時期を気温から計算した結果,露地における実際の発生時期とほぼ一致した。
TNF-α inhibitors biosimilars as first line systemic treatment for moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis

ABSTRACT Introduction Biologics have revolutionized the therapy of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Despite their greater efficacy over conventional systemic therapies their high cost has represented a burden for health-care systems, which limited their use. The availability of biosimilars at low cost is changing the place in therapy of biologics for psoriasis. Areas covered The role of TNF- α inhibitors in the management of plaque psoriasis, their efficacy and safety profile are presented. Phase 3 clinical trials and real-life data from the use of TNF- α inhibitor biosimilars in the treatment of plaque psoriasis are also reviewed in detail. Furthermore, arguments in favor of the use of TNF- α inhibitor biosimilars as a first-line therapy in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis are discussed. Expert opinion An increasing amount of data show that biosimilars represent a safe and effective alternative to the originator biologics. In the face of ever-increasing health-care costs, switching to biosimilars and starting naïve patients on the best-value biologic can reduce expenditure for patients and payers while maintaining a high-quality care. Moreover, as the cost of biosimilars is approaching the cost of conventional systemic treatments, TNF-α inhibitors biosimilars may represent a first-line systemic treatment for psoriasis patients because they are effective and safe.
Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mare's milk "Chigee" in Inner Mongolia, China.

中国内蒙古自治区の中部に位置するシリンゴル盟アバハ・ノール旗 (シリンホト市の所在旗) の草原地域に住む遊牧民の家庭で製造されている馬乳酒の10試料から乳酸球菌 (153株) と乳酸桿菌 (105株) を合わせて258株分離した. 各試料には, 乳酸球菌の優勢な試料と乳酸桿菌の優勢な試料が見られた. これら乳酸菌株の分類学的性状を調べたところ, 乳酸球菌ではEnterococcus faecium (23.3%) とLeuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum (20.9%) の出現率が高く, Streptococcus thermophilus (6.9%), Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (3.9%) およびPediococcus dextrinicus (0.8%) も分離された. 一方, 乳酸桿菌ではLactobacillus plantarum (21.3%) がおもに分離され, Lactobacillus casei (9.3%) やLactobacillus paracasei (4.7%) の中温性乳酸桿菌も多く分離された. また, ホモ型乳酸発酵を示すLactobacillus helveticus (1.6%) およびLactobacillus kefiranofaciens (1.2%) の乳酸菌種も含まれていた. その他に, 今回実施した性状試験では菌種の同定ができなかったEnterococcus sp. (3.4%) とLactobacillus sp. (2.7%) が分離された.
Noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus to the amygdala constrain fear memory reconsolidation

Memory reconsolidation is a fundamental plasticity process in the brain that allows established memories to be changed or erased. However, certain boundary conditions limit the parameters under which memories can be made plastic. Strong memories do not destabilize, for instance, although why they are resilient is mostly unknown. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that specific modulatory signals shape memory formation into a state that is reconsolidation-resistant. We find that the activation of the noradrenaline-locus coeruleus system (NOR-LC) during strong fear memory encoding increases molecular mechanisms of stability at the expense of lability in the amygdala of rats. Preventing the NOR-LC from modulating strong fear encoding results in the formation of memories that can undergo reconsolidation within the amygdala and thus are vulnerable to post-reactivation interference. Thus, the memory strength boundary condition on reconsolidation is set at the time of encoding by the action of the NOR-LC.
Growth of Tiger Puffer, Takifugu rubripes, at Different Salinities

Two 12-wk rearing experiments were conducted to examine the effect of rearing salinities of 10–35 ppt on the growth of 3- and 170-g-size tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes. Fish were reared in a closed recirculation system without introducing fresh culture water at 23 C and were fed commercial pellet diet for tiger puffer twice or three times daily to apparent satiation each, almost everyday. Growth of 3-g-size fish seemed to increase with decreasing salinity; however, there were no significant differences in the specific growth rate and weight gain among treatments because of differences in initial body weight. Final body weight and length of fish reared at 10 ppt were significantly higher than those for fish reared at 30 ppt although initial sizes were similar. Differences were not found for the feed efficiency (FE) and daily feed consumption. Apparent relationships were not observed between salinity and blood characteristics or proximate compositions of muscle of the cultured fish. Differing from smaller fish, growth of 170-g-size fish tended to decrease with decreasing salinity from 30 to 10 ppt and with increasing salinity from 30 to 35 ppt. Similar trends for FE were observed.
Differential expression of cell-cell junction proteins in the testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens of domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) with white and yellow semen

Tight, adherens, and gap junctions are involved in the regulation of reproductive tissue function in male mammals. In birds, including domestic turkeys, intercellular interactions performed by junctional networks have not yet been studied. Furthermore, the cellular and molecular basis of yellow semen syndrome (YSS) in the turkey population remains poorly understood. Thus, the aim of the present study was 2-fold: first, to provide new information on the localization and expression of cell-cell junction proteins in the testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens of domestic turkeys and second, to compare expression of junctional protein genes between 2 turkey population, one that produces white normal semen (WNS) and the other that produces yellow abnormal semen. Expression of occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), connexin 43 (Cx43), N- and E-cadherin, and β-catenin genes were investigated using 3 complementary techniques: quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Compared to WNS testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens, YSS tissues exhibited downregulation of occludin and β-catenin mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and upregulation of N- and E-cadherin mRNA (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively) and protein (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively). In contrast, ZO-1 and Cx43 mRNA and protein were upregulated in YSS testis (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) but not in epididymis and ductus deferens; both mRNAs and proteins were downregulated (P < 0.05) compared to the respective WNS epididymis and ductus deferens. Altered staining intensity of immunoreactive proteins in YSS vs. WNS reproductive tissue sections confirmed the gene expression results. The present study is the first to demonstrate altered levels of junctional protein gene expression in reproductive tissues of male YSS turkeys. These findings may suggest that subtle changes in junctional protein expression affect the microenvironment in which spermatozoa develop and mature and thus may have an impact on the appearance of yellow semen in domestic turkeys.
Effect of dietary thyme on the oxidative stability of egg yolk

The effect of dietary thyme on the oxidative stability of shell eggs over a 60-day refrigerated storage has been evaluated. Also, the influence of dietary thyme and storage time on the oxidative stability of liquid yolks adjusted to various pH values and agitated in the absence or presence of light has been investigated. Yolk lipid oxidation was determined by monitoring malonaldehyde formation through use of third-order derivative spectrophotometry. Results showed that although malonaldehyde is not produced during storage of shell eggs, it is present in the yolk of fresh eggs. It is also evident that thyme treatment reduced oxidation of liquid yolk, which significantly increased with light and increased acidity at pH 3 and declined thereafter as acidity increased to pH 2. A comparative examination of the antioxidant activity of various synthetic and natural antioxidants added to yolk suggested that thymol, the main antioxidant constituent of thyme, cannot be considered totally responsible for the oxidativ.
High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and correlation with cystatin-C and other cardiovascular and renal risk biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with hypertension.

BACKGROUND Vitamin D is increasingly investigated as having a role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its cardiovascular and renal complications. OBJECTIVE To investigate association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and biomarkers of cardiovascular and renal complications including cystatin-C. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 117 participants with T2DM that was not complicated with cardiovascular or renal diseases except hypertension. 25-OHD was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay while cystatin-C was measured by enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent-assay. Other biomarkers including lipids, creatinine, urea and glycemic measures were determined by the routine biochemistry assays. RESULTS Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 74.36%. There was no significant difference in cardiovascular and renal biomarkers including glucose, HbA1c, lipids, urea, creatinine and cystatin-C between participants with adequate and deficient vitamin D (p-values>0.05). Participants with adequate vitamin D were older in age, more obese and having lower eGFR (pvalues<0.05). 25-OHD was weakly correlated with age, duration of DM, urea, creatinine and inversely correlated with eGFR (r-values<0.32, p-values<0.05). Although creatinine and cystatin-C were directly correlated (r=0.42, p-value<0.001), cystatin-C and 25-OHD were not correlated (p-value>0.05). Hypertensive participants were more obese, having longer duration of DM and higher urea and cystatin-C compared to non-hypertensive participants (p-values<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension can be predicted from increased BMI. CONCLUSION 25-OHD was not correlated with cardiovascular risk biomarkers but it was correlated with renal biomarkers including urea, creatinine and eGFR. Cystatin-C and 25-OHD were not correlated to each other but both were correlated to renal function. Obesity was a significant predictor of hypertension.
Segmentation of the Angler Population by Catch Preference, Participation, and Experience: A Management-Oriented Application of Recreation Specialization

Abstract Segmentation of the angler population by catch preference. experience, and participation can help fishery managers understand diversity in consumptive preferences and attitudes among recreational anglers. Estimates of the sire and number of angler groups can also provide an understanding of the relative demand for the different types of fishing experiences sought. These types of angler information are often collected with mailed surveys, but segments of the angler population may be underrepresented because of nonresponse bias. A 10-page mail questionnaire was sent to a stratified random sample of 9,981 Texas fishing license holders. Information was collected on fishing participation. fishing experience, club membership, tournament participation. activity-specific attitudes, and opinions on fishery management options. Response rate was 62% (exclusive of surveys that could not be delivered). Adjustments for nonresponse were made with response propensity stratification. Groups of anglers were formed.
The chronicity and timing of prenatal and antenatal maternal depression and anxiety on child outcomes at age 5

Maternal depression and anxiety have been associated with deleterious child outcomes. It is, however, unclear how the chronicity and timing of maternal mental health problems predict child development outcomes. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of both chronicity and timing of maternal anxiety and depression in pregnancy, infancy, and the toddler period on children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms, as well as social and communication skills at age 5.
Development of a health technology assessment module for evaluating mobile medical applications

Objective The aim of this study was to develop a module which could be used to facilitate the assessment of mobile medical applications (MMA) for regulatory and reimbursement purposes. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and application developers to determine possible pathways and impediments to MMA reimbursement. These findings were integrated with our previous research on MMA reimbursement and regulation to create a module that could be used with existing health technology assessment (HTA) methodological frameworks to guide the evaluation of MMAs. Results Stakeholders indicated that they trust how traditional medical devices are currently appraised for reimbursement. They were concerned that there was a lack of clarity regarding which entity in the health system was responsible for determining app quality. They were also concerned about the digital health literacy of medical practitioners and patients. Concepts emerging from our previous research were reinforced by the interview findings, including that the connectivity and cybersecurity of apps need to be considered, along with an assessment of software reliability. It is also critical that the credibility of the information presented in apps is assessed as it could potentially mislead patients and clinicians. Conclusion An MMA evaluation module was created that would enable an existing HTA process to be adapted for the assessment of MMA technology. These adaptations include making provisions for an assessment of app cybersecurity, the impact on MMA clinical utility of software updates, and compatibility issues. Items to address concerns around practitioner responsibility and app misinformation were also incorporated into the module.
VALIDation of the IBD-Disk instrument for assessing disability in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in a French cohort: the VALIDate study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are disabling disorders. The IBD-Disability Index (IBD-DI) was developed for quantifying disability in IBD patients but is difficult to use. The IBD-Disk is a visual adaptation of the IBD-DI. It has not been validated yet. The main objectives were to validate the IBD-Disk, to assess the clinical factors associated with a change in the score and its variability over time. METHODS From May 2018 to July 2019, IBD patients from three university-affiliated hospitals responded twice to both IBD-Disk and IBD-DI at 3-12 months intervals. Validation included concurrent validity, reproducibility, and internal consistency. Mean IBD-Disk scores were compared according to clinical factors. Variability was assessed by comparing scores between baseline and follow-up visits. RESULTS A total of 447 patients (71% Crohn's disease, 28% ulcerative colitis) were included in the analysis at baseline and 265 at follow-up. There was a good correlation between IBD-Disk and IBD-DI (r = 0.75, p <0.001). Reproducibility was excellent (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.90), as well as internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.89). The IBD-Disk was not influenced by IBD type but was associated with female gender and physician global assessment. Extra-intestinal manifestations, history of resection, elevated CRP and fecal calprotectin also tended to be associated with higher disability. The IBD-Disk score decreased in patients becoming inactive over time. CONCLUSIONS This study validated the IBD-Disk in a large cohort of IBD patients, demonstrating that it is a valid and reliable tool for quantifying disability for both CD and UC.
Validation of the ToMas-child Scale for the Assessment of the Theory of Mind in a Group of Spanish Speaking Children Aged 3 to 7 Years from Spain

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Theory of Mind assessment scale in children (ToMas-child). Two hundred and fifty-two Spanish children from 3 to 7 years were assessed in school settings. Rasch analysis showed the ToMas-child is a unidimensional scale valid for the assessment of the main components of the ToM in children. Data of hierarchical distribution of six items (seven tasks) are discussed as milestones in the latent construct of ToM development in childhood, and construct validity of the scale is examined. A reliability index of PSI = 0.7 indicated the usefulness of the scale as a screening tool.
Lack of association between COL1A1 and COL9A2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and intervertebral disc degeneration

Abstract Background Collagens are the main components of the extracellular matrix of intervertebral discs. The genetic mutations in collagen genes could potentially play a causal role in pathophysiology of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). In this study, we investigate the association of COL1A1 and COL9A2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with IVDD. Material and Methods ninety-six Iranian IVDD patients and 94 controls matched for age and sex were included. 5 cc of peripheral blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction using the Phenol–Chloroform method. The primers for SNPs COL1A1 rs909102 and COL9A2 were designed based on the TaqMan protocol and genotyped by real-time PCR with TaqMan. Results The ‘T’ allele, ‘CC’ and ‘TT’ genotypes of COL1A1 rs909102 were more common among patients, however not significantly. Despite the similar allele distribution of COL9A2 rs137853213 in patients and controls, the homozygote genotypes were more frequent among patients, though this was not significant either. Conclusion The allele and genotype distributions of COL1A1 rs909102 and COL9A2 rs137853213 SNPs were not significantly associated with IVDD in an Iranian population.
Molecular phylogeny, origin and taxonomic implications of the tribe Cacteae (Cactaceae)

This study aimed to test the phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Cacteae, the generic circumscription within the tribe, in particular, the monophyly of the genus Ferocactus, and to provide a biogeographical hypothesis about the origin of Cacteae. The analysis included 135 species from all of the 27 accepted genera and four outgroup species. Five chloroplast regions were sequenced, aligned, and coded postulating gaps, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and inversions as potential synapomorphies, and their contributions to phylogenetic reconstruction were evaluated. The phylogenetic analyses recovered 63% of the genera as monophyletic. The contribution of rpl16, trnL-F and psbA to the phylogenetic signal was higher than in the two more slowly evolving genes (rbcL, matK), but the gaps and SSRs supported some of the genera. This result differs from those of previous phylogenetic studies in which less than 35% of the genera were recovered as monophyletic. In this work, Astrophytum and Echinocactus were re-circumscribed with five and four species, respectively. Turbinicarpus was found to be polyphyletic; 11 species correspond to Turbinicarpus s.str. , whereas a highly supported clade corresponded to Rapicactus, and three species need further study. Contrary to its current circumscription, Ferocactus was not supported as monophyletic because it is polyphyletic concerning Glandulicactus, Leuchtenbergia, Stenocactus and Thelocactus. We recognize this group of genera as the Ferocactus clade in which the species share the presence of scales in the pericarpel and ribbed stems, whether tuberculated or not. The Cacteae seem to have originated in the Sierra Madre Oriental and then dispersed to the Mexican Plateau, where radiation and diversification occurred at the boundaries of the Miocene–Pliocene Epoch. The development of the Mexican Plateau and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt may have favoured the isolation of the Cacteae. A taxonomic diagnosis is presented for the tribe Cacteae and 18 genera that we now recognize.
Swine lagoon effluent disposal by overland flow : Effects on forage production and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus

Swine (Sus scrofa) production requires economical and environmentally safe waste management systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of swine lagoon effluent on dry matter yield and N and P uptake of a mixture of hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Russell] and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) grown on a Marvyn loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult). Treatments included a control with no nutrient additions, NH 4 NO 3 at 560 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , and swine lagoon effluent at 560, 1120, and 2240 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . Effluent was applied using an overland flow technique. The highest lagoon effluent rate added N at 4 times and P at 11 times the normally recommended rates for these forage grasses. Total dry matter yield was significantly increased by NH 4 NO 3 and swine lagoon effluent additions, compared with the control treatment. Dry matter yield for the lowest effluent rate was not significantly different from that for the NH 4 NO 3 treatment, and dry matter yields were not significantly different among the three rates of lagoon effluent. Increasing the effluent rates generally increased total N and total P concentrations in the forage. Recoveries were about 32% for N and 20% for P at the lowest rate of lagoon effluent, and about 13% for N and 9% for P at the highest rate. The low recoveries of N and P with higher than recommended effluent rates could have environmental implications for the quality of soil, groundwater, and surface runoff.
Comparison of sirtuin 1 level and related blood factors in diabetic and healthy subjects.

INTRODUCTION Diabetes (II) is a chronic metabolic disease with many side effects. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates prominent cellular processes such as apoptosis, aging, and metabolism of the cell, and it seems to play an important role in type 2 diabetes. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to compare the serum level of SIRT1 and related biochemical factors in patients with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes with healthy subjects. METHODS Type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into controlled and uncontrolled fasting blood glucose (FBG) and healthy individuals as the control group (n = 50/group). Serum levels of SIRT1, haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipo-protein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), FBG, and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. RESULTS The mean ±SD level of SIRT1 in the uncontrolled diabetic group (3.96 ±2.52) was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that of the con-trolled diabetic (9.22 ±4.11) and healthy subjects (10.65 ±2.2). The levels of HbA1c, FBG, LDL, HDL, and TG indicated significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant reverse correlation between SIRT1 with HbA1c, FBG, age, and BMI (p < 0.05) and a positive significant correlation between BMI and HbA1c (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Sirtuin 1 is associated with improving glucose homeostasis. Therefore, it can be considered as a new therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.