Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases through genome-wide association studies

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant health burden around the world, affecting approximately 25% of the population. Recent advances in human genetic databases have allowed for the identification of various single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with NAFLD‐related traits. Investigating the functions of these genetic factors provides insight into the pathogenesis of NAFLD and potentially identifies novel therapeutic targets for NAFLD. In this review, we summarized current research on genes with NAFLD‐associated mutations, highlighting phospholipid remodeling and spatially clustered loci as common pathological and genetic features of these mutations. These features suggest a complex yet intriguing mechanism of dissociated steatosis and insulin resistance, which is observed in a subset of patients and may lead to more precise therapy against NAFLD in the future.
Online Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Transfer Convolutional Neural Networks

Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) is crucial for stable, reliable, and safe operation of industrial equipment. In recent years, deep learning models have been widely used in data-driven FDD methods because of their automatic feature learning capability. In general, these models are trained on historical sensor data, and therefore, it is very difficult to meet the real-time requirement of online FDD applications. Since transfer learning can solve different but similar problems in the target domain efficiently and effectively with the knowledge learned from the source domain, this paper proposes an online fault diagnosis method based on a deep transfer convolutional neural network (TCNN) framework. The TCNN framework is made up of an online CNN based on LeNet-5 and several offline CNNs with a shallow structure. First, time-domain signal data are converted into images that contain abundant fault information and are suitable as the input of CNN. Then, the online CNN is constructed to automatically extract representative features from the converted images and classify faults. Finally, in order to improve the real-time performance of the online CNN, several offline CNNs are also constructed and pretrained on related data sets. By directly transferring the shallow layers of the trained offline CNNs to the online CNN, the online CNN can significantly improve the real-time performance and successfully address the issue of achieving the desired diagnostic accuracy within limited training time. The proposed method is validated on two bearing data sets and one pump data set, respectively. The prediction accuracy of the proposed method using three data sets are 99.88%, 99.13%, and 99.98%, respectively. The experimental results also indicate that the improvement of accuracy is 19.21% for the motor bearing case, 29.82% for the rolling mill bearing case, and 33.26% for the pump case during the early stage of learning.
GSPAC water movement in extremely dry area

Under an extremely arid condition, a PVC greenhouse was built on the top of Mogao Grottoes in gobi area. The results of 235-day constant extraction of condensed water on the greenhouse film and soil water content showed that 2.1 g/(m 2 ⋅d) groundwater moved up and exported into the soil, and a phreatic water evaporation existed in the extreme dry area where the groundwater is buried deeper than 200 m. After a prolonged export, the soil water content in the greenhouse was not lower but obviously higher than the original control ones. According to the monitored parameters including relative humidity and absolute humidity of soil, and temperature outside and inside the greenhouse, it was found that there is the available condition and mechanism for the upward movement of groundwater, and also it can be sure that the ex- ported water was not from the soil and atmosphere outside the greenhouse. Phreatic water, an important source for soil water, interacts with atmosphere moisture via soil respiration. Soil salinity also has important effects on soil water movement and spatial-temporal heterogeneity. The extremely dry climate, terrestrial heat and change of upper soil temperature are the fundamental driving forces of water transportation and phreatic water evaporation in the Groundwater-Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (GSPAC) system.
A framework for using learning theories to inform ‘growth mindset’ activities

ABSTRACT The social psychology theory of fixed and growth mindsets offers one reason for observed underachievement in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), particularly for students who have previously excelled in these disciplines. Fixed mindset beliefs are linked to behaviours that can lead to avoiding challenges and reduced learning, such as concealing a lack of understanding to retain an image of being ‘smart’. The potential impact of a growth mindset on STEM achievement, particularly for minority and low-household-income students, resulted in calls to develop interventions that encourage growth mindsets and discourage fixed mindsets. However, education interventions are influenced by the educator's understanding of how learning occurs. A framework to show how activities based on different learning theories may encourage growth mindsets or (unintentionally) encourage fixed mindsets can guide the developers of growth mindset interventions. We present such a framework in six tables relating to key areas associated with growth and fixed mindsets: dealing with challenges, persistence, effort, praise, the success of others and learning goals. Each table gives examples of learning activities that may encourage growth or fixed mindsets, fitting with each of four key learning theories: behaviourism, constructivism, communities of practice and connectivism.
On Computing the Time-varying Distance between Moving Bodies

A moving body is a geometry that may translate and rotate over time. Computing the time-varying distance between moving bodies and surrounding static and moving objects is crucial to many application domains including safety at sea, logistics robots, and autonomous vehicles. Not only is it a relevant analytical operation in itself, but also it forms the basis of other operations, such as finding the nearest approach distance between two moving objects. Most moving objects databases represent moving objects using a point representation, and the computed temporal distance is thus inaccurate when working with large moving objects. This article presents an efficient algorithm to compute the temporal distance between a moving body and other static or moving geometries. We extend the idea of the V-Clip and Lin-Canney closest features algorithms of computational geometry to track the temporal evolution of the closest pair of features between two objects during their movement. We also present a working implementation of this algorithm in an open-source moving objects database and show, using a real-world example on AIS data, that this distance operator for moving bodies is only about 1.5 times as slow as the one for moving points while providing significant improvements in correctness and accuracy of the results.
Paleoenvironmental Changes in Southern Yangtze Delta over the Last 20,000 Years (東アジアと日本の遺跡をめぐる古環境特集号)

This paper is an integration of the information from sediment stratigraphy, geomorphology, pollen assemblages, microfauna and prehistorical archeology in order to present a brief review on the paleoenvironmental changes in the Southern Yangtze Delta over the last 20, 000 years.
Acute Effects of Different Conditioning Activities on Amateur Soccer Players

Abstract Several warm-up activities are used to prepare soccer players for training and games. However, few studies have focused on comparing different activities (strength vs. stretching) in young and amateur athletes, especially for performance improvement in explosive actions. Thus, in order to compare the effect of four conditioning activities on jump and sprint performances, 12 soccer athletes (age: 19±0.8; weight (kg): 72.8±8.0; height (cm): 180±6.7) performed four warm-up activities: strength exercise (cluster system), combined exercise, plyometric exercise, and static stretching (control). The countermovement jump (CMJ) and 30-meter run (30-m Sprint) were performed 10 min after each experimental condition. A ONE-WAY ANOVA test of repeated measures was conducted with a Tukey’s post-hoc test to compare the conditions. The strength conditioning activity protocol (33.68±2.87) showed a significant difference for the CMJ from static stretching (30.96±3.16) (p>0.05). There were significant differences regarding the 30-m Sprint test between strength conditioning (4.72±0.19) and combined activities (4.71±0.21) compared to static stretching (4.84±0.21) (p>0.05). In conclusion, the combined conditioning activity and strength protocols can be chosen in warm-up activities instead of static stretching (control condition) for improved immediate sprint and jump abilities in amateur soccer players.
Geologic map of the MTM-15182 and MTM-15187 quadrangles, Gusev Crater-Ma'adim Vallis region, Mars

This map is one of a series of large-scale (1: 500,000) geologic maps of Mars initiated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to investigate areas of high scientific interest. The Gusev crater–Ma’adim Vallis region includes several potential landing sites for future Mars missions, including those with a focus on exobiology studies and sample return. Channels in the map area span a long age range, cut ancient rocks that may contain important biogenic information, and funneled water into exobiologically important lacustrine basins. The map area is characterized by diverse geologic units representing a variety of endogenic and exogenic proc-esses. The geologic history of this region spans the entire history of the planet. The base map was compiled from controlled photomosaic maps of the Mars Transverse Mercator (MTM) –15182 and –15187 quadrangles (U.S. Geological Survey, 1992a, b). The map area is in the Aeolis region, which was first mapped from Mariner 9 images at 1:5,000,000 scale (Scott and others, 1978) and at 1:25,000,000 scale (Scott and Carr, 1978). On the basis of Viking data, the area was later mapped at 1: 15,000,000 scale (Greeley and Guest, 1987) and in part at 1:5,000,000 scale (Scott and Chapman, 1995). Recently, the area was mapped at 1:1,000,000 scale by Landheim (1995). This 1:500,000-scale map shows a great diversity of geologic materials and demonstrates a more complete understanding of fluvial processes in the highland plains, the evolution of Ma’adim Vallis, and sedimentation in Gusev crater and in de Vaucouleurs, an ancient 300-km-diameter impact structure west of Gusev crater. Standard photogeologic mapping techniques elucidated by Wilhelms (1990) were used in this work. Viking Orbiter images used to map the area range in resolution from 63 to 70 m/pixel, with small patches at 225 m/pixel.
Air-Liquid Interface Induced Epithelial Delamination

Many epithelial tissues reside at air-liquid interfaces, as exemplified by the ocular epithelium, oral mucosa, and alveolar epithelium. The interfacial tension across the epithelial tissues imposes a mechanical challenge to the homeostasis of the tissue. However, the interplay between interfacial properties and homeostasis in biological samples has been overlooked due to a lack of suitable measurement methods and theoretical developments. Here we described a surprising observation in which the surface energy at cell-air interface is sufficient to delaminate a stratified ocular epithelium from its substrate. We demonstrated that the interfacial tension at the epithelium-fluid interfaces can be measured using a modified Schultz method. The measured value is conceptually and numerically distinctive to the tensile modulus measured by deformation-based methods, such as micropippeting and tissue surface tensiometers. Furthermore, a mechanical analysis at the cell-air-liquid triple line during the delamination process revealed a strain hardening behavior of the epithelial layers. Finally, perturbations on different junctional protein complexes revealed that a delicate balance among cortical tension, focal adhesion, and cell-liquid interfacial tension is required for the epithelial tissue mechanical stability.
Structural basis of allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation and desensitization

The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are neuromodulatory family C G protein coupled receptors which assemble as dimers and allosterically couple extracellular ligand binding domains (LBDs) to transmembrane domains (TMDs) to drive intracellular signaling. Pharmacologically, mGluRs can be targeted either at the LBDs by glutamate and synthetic orthosteric compounds or at the TMDs by allosteric modulators. Despite the potential of allosteric TMD-targeting compounds as therapeutics, an understanding of the functional and structural basis of their effects on mGluRs is limited. Here we use a battery of approaches to dissect the distinct functional and structural effects of orthosteric versus allosteric ligands. We find using electrophysiological and live cell imaging assays that both agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can drive activation and desensitization of mGluRs. The effects of PAMs are pleiotropic, including both the ability to boost the maximal response to orthosteric agonists and to serve independently as desensitization-biased agonists across mGluR subtypes. Conformational sensors reveal PAM-driven inter-subunit re-arrangements at both the LBD and TMD. Motivated by this, we determine cryo-electron microscopy structures of mGluR3 in the presence of either an agonist or antagonist alone or in combination with a PAM. These structures reveal PAM-driven re-shaping of intra- and inter-subunit conformations and provide evidence for a rolling TMD dimer interface activation pathway that controls G protein and beta-arrestin coupling. Highlights -Agonists and PAMs drive mGluR activation, desensitization, and endocytosis -PAMs are desensitization-biased and synergistic with agonists -Four combinatorial ligand conditions reveal an ensemble of full-length mGluR structures with novel interfaces -Activation and desensitization involve rolling TMD interfaces which are re-shaped by PAM
Cortactin stabilizes actin branches by bridging activated Arp2/3 to its nucleated actin filament

Regulation of the assembly and turnover of branched actin filament networks nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex is essential during many cellular processes including cell migration and membrane trafficking. Cortactin plays a key role in stabilizing actin filament branches by interacting with the Arp2/3 complex and actin filaments via its N-terminal Acidic domain (NtA) and 6.5 central unstructured 37 amino acid repeats, respectively 1, but the mechanism of this is unclear. We determined the structure of cortactin-stabilized Arp2/3 actin branches using cryo-electron microscopy. We find that cortactin interacts with the new daughter filament nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex at the branch site rather than the initial mother actin filament. Cortactin preferentially binds activated Arp3 in contrast to other nucleation promoting factors (NPFs) 2,3. Cortactin also stabilizes the F-actin-like interface of activated Arp3 with the first actin subunit of the new filament, and its central repeats extend along successive daughter filament subunits. Cortactin binding to Arp3 is incompatible with NPF interaction and its preference for activated Arp3 explains why it is retained at the actin branch. Our data have uncovered why cortactin displaces NPFs, while at the same time promoting synergy to regulate branched actin network dynamics.
WOX11-mediated adventitious lateral root formation modulates tolerance of Arabidopsis to cyst nematode infections

The transcription factor WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 11 (WOX11) in Arabidopsis initiates the formation of adventitious lateral roots upon mechanical injury in primary roots. Root-invading nematodes also induce de novo root organogenesis leading to excessive root branching, but it is not known if this symptom of disease involves mediation by WOX11 and if it benefits the plant. Here, we show with targeted transcriptional repression and reporter gene analyses in Arabidopsis that the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii activates WOX11-adventitious lateral rooting from primary roots close to infection sites. The activation of WOX11 in nematode-infected roots occurs downstream of jasmonic acid-dependent damage signaling via ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR109, linking adventitious lateral root formation to nematode damage to host tissues. By measuring different root system components, we found that WOX11-mediated formation of adventitious lateral roots compensates for nematode-induced inhibition of primary root growth. Our observations further demonstrate that WOX11-mediated rooting reduces the impact of nematode infections on aboveground plant development and growth. Altogether, we conclude that the transcriptional regulation by WOX11 modulates root system plasticity under biotic stress, which is one of the key mechanisms underlying tolerance of Arabidopsis to cyst nematode infections.
Salt tolerance of different rice cultivars for their salt tolerance under salt-affected soils

An experiment was conducted to investigate salt tolerance of eight rice varieties viz; K-282, Shaheen Bas, Bas-370, PB-95, IR-6, COM-2004, Basmati-370 and IR-9. Under salt-affected soil having (EC=7.5 dsm -1 , pH=8.3, SAR=47and texture silty clay loam) at Zaidi Farm, Kakar Gill, Sheikhupura. This study was operated to determine the number of productive tillers, panicle length, straw and paddy yield for salt tolerance. IR-6 had higher straw yield while paddy yield was maximum in case of COM-2004 showing better salt tolerance. As IR-9 failed to produce paddy yield under salt-affected conditions, therefore, it was placed at the lowest position. However, on the basis of this study I R-9, Bas-370 and Bas-385 could easily be ranked on the salt sensitive rice line.
Cumulative and Residual Effects of Paclobutrazol on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of 'Alphonso' Mango

A field experiment was conducted during 1996 to 2002 at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, to study the cumulative and residual effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) application on shoot vigour, flowering and fruit yield of seventeen years old 'Alphonso' mango trees. Foliar sprays of the chemical at 500, 1000 or 2000 ppm or soil drench at 5 or 10 g a. i. per tree was given during September for three consecutive years and the residual effects were observed for three more subsequent years. Application of PBZ as soil drench was more effective than its foliar spray and doubled fruit yield during the six years. Chemical parameters of fruits such as TSS and acidity were not affected by the treatments but average weight of a fruit was less in the case of PBZ treatments. Residual influence of this chemical, when applied as soil drench, persisted in the three years following the discontinuation of application for three consecutive years, indicating the scope for skipping the application of PBZ or tapering down its dose after three years of its continuous application. From the results of this study, application of paclobutrazol at 5 g a.i. per tree as soil drench for three consecutive years and then its discontinuation for the subsequent three years appears to be most appropriate for 'Alphonso' mango trees in the age group of about 15 to 25 years.
PaddleBox: Communication-Efficient TeraByte-Scale Model Training Framework for Online Advertising

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is one of the most crucial components in the online advertising industry. In order to produce a personalized CTR prediction, an industry-level CTR prediction model commonly takes a high-dimensional (∼ 1012) sparse vector (that is encoded from query keywords, user portraits, etc.) as input. As a result, the model requires Terabyte scale parameters to embed the high-dimensional input. Hierarchical distributed GPU parameter server has been developed at Baidu to enable GPU with limited memory to train the massive network by leveraging CPU main memory and SSDs as secondary storage. In this work, we identify two major challenges in the existing GPU training framework for massive-scale ad models and propose a collection of optimizations to tackle these challenges: (a) the GPU, CPU, SSD rapidly communicate with each other during the training. The connections between GPUs and CPUs are non-uniform due to the hardware topology. The data communication route should be optimized according to the hardware topology; (b) GPUs in different computing nodes frequently communicates to synchronize parameters. It is thus required to optimize the communications so that the distributed system can become scalable. In this paper, we propose a hardware-aware training workflow that couples the hardware topology into the algorithm design. To reduce the extensive communication between computing nodes, we introduce a k-step model merging algorithm for Adam and provide its convergence rate in non-convex optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of k-step adaptive optimization method in industrial CTR model training. Experiments on commercial search ads data confirm the effectiveness of our proposed training framework.
Modern Information Retrieval : A Brief Overview

For thousands of years people have realized the importance o f archiving and finding information. With the advent of computers, it became possible to store large am ounts of information; and finding useful information from such collections became a necessity. The fi eld of Information Retrieval (IR) was born in the 1950s out of this necessity. Over the last forty years, the field has matured considerably. Several IR systems are used on an everyday basis by a wide variety of us ers. This article is a brief overview of the key advances in the field of Information Retrieval, and a d escription of where the state-of-the-art is at in the field.