Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative Validity and Reliability of the Remind App as an Image-Based Method to Assess Dietary Intake and Meal Timing in Young Adults

Image-based dietary records have been validated as tools to evaluate dietary intake. However, to determine meal timing, previous studies have relied primarily on image-based smartphone applications without validation. Noteworthy, the validation process is necessary to determine how accurately a test method measures meal timing compared with a reference method over the same time period. Thus, we aimed to assess the relative validity and reliability of the Remind® app as an image-based method to assess dietary intake and meal timing. For this purpose, 71 young adults (aged 20–33 years, 81.7% women) were recruited for a 3-day cross-sectional study, where they completed a 3-day image-based record using the Remind app (test method) and a 3-day handwritten food record (reference method). The relative validity of the test method versus the reference method was assessed using multiple tests including Bland–Altman, % difference, paired t-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients, and cross-classification. We also evaluated the reliability of the test method using an intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient. The results showed that, compared to the reference method, the relative validity of the test method was good for assessing energy and macronutrient intake, as well as meal timing. Meanwhile, the relative validity of the test method to assess micronutrient intake was poor (p < 0.05) for some micronutrients (iron, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, C, and E, and folates) and some food groups (cereals and grains, legumes, tubers, oils, and fats). Regarding the reliability of an image-based method to assess dietary intake and meal timing, results ranged from moderate to excellent (ICC 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.50–1.00) for all nutrients, food groups (except oils and fats, which had low to moderate reliability), and meal timings. Thus, the results obtained in this study provide evidence of the relative validity and reliability of image-based methods to assess dietary intake (energy, macronutrients, and most food groups) and meal timing. These results open up a new framework for chrononutrition, as these methods improve the quality of the data collected and also reduce the burden on users to accurately estimate portion size and the timing of meals.
Comparison of Real Experimental and Simulated RCS of Flying Artillery Projectile

This study compares the actual experimental and simulation data of artillery projectiles (M107 projectiles) fired by a 155-mm gun. The experimental data are collected using a weapon-locating radar developed by LigNex1. The simulation is performed based on the measured projectile trajectories. Additionally, full-polarimetric scattering of the target is calculated using the full-wave method. The time series and statistics of the measured and simulated radar cross-section data are compared, and the differences between the two are addressed.
Determinants, Inequalities and Geographical Differences in Cognitive Performance Amongst the Elderly Population in South Korea

Using the most recent 2018 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) survey data, this study aimed to examine the key determinants of cognitive impairment (CI) and to explore the inequalities and geographic differences of CI amongst the South Korean elderly population. The findings show that being super-aged, poor general health, and lack of exercise are positively associated with CI, while household wealth, educational level, participation in social activities and regular exercise all have a significant negative effect on CI. Compared to males, female respondents are more likely to experience CI. We found little difference between the specific determinates for the two subsamples. Inequalities in the prevalence of cognitive impairment were greatest in rural areas as well as amongst the respondents living in the Chungcheong region, Seoul Metropolitan Area and the Kangwan region. The results are helpful for the early intervention and prevention strategies to tackle the cognitive impairment problems of the elderly.
Controls of local grain size distribution, bed structure and flow conditions on sediment mobility

Steep, boulder bed streams often contain sediment patches, which are areas of the bed with relatively well‐defined boundaries that are occupied by distinct grain size distributions (GSD). In sediment mixtures, the underlying GSD affects the critical Shields stress for a given grain size, which is commonly predicted using hiding functions. Hiding functions may vary with reach‐wide bed GSD, but the effect of local GSD on relative sediment mobility between sediment patches is poorly understood. We explore the effects of patch‐scale GSD on sediment mobility using tracer particles combined with local shear stresses to develop hiding functions for different patch classes within a steep stream. Hiding functions for all tested patch classes were similar, which indicates that the same hiding function can be used for different patches. However, the critical Shields stress for a given grain size generally decreased with lower patch median grain size (D50) suggesting that patches control the relative mobility of each size through both the underlying GSD and local shear stresses. The effects of the underlying GSD partly depend on grain protrusion, which we measured for all grain sizes present on each patch class. Protrusion was generally greater for larger grains regardless of patch class, but for a given grain size, protrusion was increased with smaller patch D50. For a given grain size, higher protrusion results in greater applied fluid forces and reduced resisting forces to partly explain our lower critical Shields stresses in finer patches. Patches therefore can importantly modulate relative sediment mobility through bed structure and may need to be included in reach‐scale sediment transport and channel stability estimates.
Flow dynamics of a pitching foil by eulerian and lagrangian viewpoints

The dynamic behavior of the flow past a two-dimensional pitching foil is simulated. Based on the Lagrangian coherent structures, it was observed that the leading-edge vortex can trigger a reverse flow from the lower surface, and this reverse flow is the source of the ensuing vortex around the middle of the upper surface. Then, the reverse flow directly drags the fluid flow near the lower surface to form the trailing-edge vortex. During the shedding of the leading-edge vortex at angle of attack of 18.8 deg, the leading-edge vortex is separated into two parts by a new Lagrangian coherent structure. The rear part will leave the foil, and the front part will stay and participate in the generation of the secondary vortex. The trajectories of the particle groups around this Lagrangian coherent structure highlight the evolution of the fluid flow inside the leading-edge vortex during the shedding process. The current study shows that the Lagrangian coherent structure approach together with the Eulerian method can.
MeV Mass Gluonic Colour Singlets in QCD

It has long been textbook 'knowledge' that quarks and gluons exist exclusively inside of hadrons and glueballs because of colour confinement. However the $SU(N)$ group contains $N-1$ Abelian generators. We argue that since the Abelian components of the gluon field can be meaningfully isolated by the Cho-Faddeev-Niemi-Shabanov decomposition, the corresponding gluon excitations are physical entities of neutral colour charge that can propagate freely. Their mass can be estimated on dimensional grounds and is similar to the pion mass.
High-Performance Computing of Flow, Diffusion, and Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Random Sphere Packings

Academic employment 2015 Aug.–Present: Research scientist (group of Prof. Tadeusz Patzek) at KAUST 2014–2015: Postdoctoral researcher at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal / Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2014 Jan.–Feb.: Visiting researcher at the group of Prof. I. Ginzburg, IRSTEA, Antony Regional Centre, Antony / Paris, France 2011–2013: Postdoctoral researcher at Philipps University of Marburg, Germany Education 2008–2010: PhD student at Philipps University of Marburg, Germany Thesis: High-performance computing of flow, diffusion, and hydrodynamic dispersion in random sphere packings PhD advisor: Prof. Ulrich Tallarek 2006–2007: Research scholarship, Otto-von-Guericke University and Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg, Germany 2000–2005: Diploma in Radiophysics and Electronics (with distinction) Faculty of Radiophysics and Electronics, Belarusian State University Minsk, Belarus
The slippery slope framework: A comprehensive evaluation of factors affecting trust and power

Abstract Many empirical studies have been conducted to test the assumptions of the slippery slope framework (SSF). However, although the SSF theory has introduced several tax compliance factors that are believed to have associations with trust in tax authorities and power of tax authorities, most studies tend to include only the two main domains of trust and power in the analysis. None of these studies comprehensively investigates the factors. Therefore, this study is dedicated to fully elaborating on these factors and their correlations with the two main domains of trust and power separately and simultaneously. The results show that most factors are proven to significantly influence trust and power. Tax penalties, norms, distributive fairness and retributive fairness significantly and positively influence trust, while audit probabilities, tax penalties, attitudes, norms and retributive fairness have significant and positive correlations with power. The results also confirm the main SSF assumptions that trust leads to voluntary compliance, while voluntary compliance positively affects overall tax compliance. However, this study fails to demonstrate the relationship of power with enforced compliance, while enforced compliance is found to negatively affect overall tax compliance.
Exploring Social Media Preferences for Healthy Weight Management Interventions Among Adolescents of Color: Mixed Methods Study

Background Social media holds promise as an intervention platform to engage youths in healthy weight management and target racial inequities in obesity. Objective This mixed methods study aimed to examine social media habits, preferences, and obesity-related behaviors (eg, diet and physical activity) among adolescents of color and understand preferences for healthy weight management interventions delivered via social media. Methods This mixed methods study is comprised of a cross-sectional web-based survey and a series of digital focus groups. Study participants (English-speaking youths of color ages 14-18 years) were recruited from high schools and youth-based community settings in Massachusetts and California. For surveys, participants were invited to complete an anonymous web-based survey assessing self-reported sociodemographics, social media habits and preferences, health behaviors (diet, physical activity, sleep, and screen time), and height and weight. For focus groups, participants were invited to participate in 45- to 60-minute web-based group discussions assessing social media habits, preferred social media platforms, and preferences for physical activity and nutrition intervention content and delivery. Survey data were analyzed descriptively; focus group transcripts were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach. Results A total of 101 adolescents completed the survey and 20 adolescents participated in a total of 3 focus groups. Participants reported most frequently using TikTok, followed by Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter; preference for platform varied by purpose of use (eg, content consumption, connection, or communication). TikTok emerged as the platform of choice as an engaging way to learn about various topics, including desired health information on physical fitness and diet. Conclusions Findings from this study suggest that social media platforms can be an engaging way to reach adolescents of color. Data will inform future social media–based interventions to engage adolescents of color in healthy weight management content.
Quenching Circuit Discriminator Architecture Impact on a Sub-10 ps FWHM Single-Photon Timing Resolution SPAD

In the field of radiation instrumentation, there is a desire to reach a sub-10 ps FWHM timing resolution for applications such as time-of-flight positron emission tomography, time-of-flight positron computed tomography and time-resolved calorimetry. One of the key parts of the detection chain for these applications is a single-photon detector and, in recent years, the first single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with a sub-10 ps timing resolution was presented. To reach such a timing resolution, the SPAD was read out by an operational amplifier operated in open-loop as a comparator. This paper presents a comparison between comparators and inverters to determine which type of leading-edge discriminator can obtain the best single-photon timing resolution. Six different quenching circuits (QCs) implemented in TSMC 65 nm are tested with SPADs of the same architecture and in the same operation conditions. This allows us to compare experimental results between the different QCs. This paper also presents a method to measure the SPAD signal slope, the SPAD excess voltage variation and simulations to determine the added jitter of different leading-edge discriminators. For some discriminator architectures, a cascode transistor was required to increase the maximum excess voltage of the QC. This paper also presents the impact on the single-photon timing resolution of adding a cascode transistor for a comparator or an inverter-based discriminator. This paper reports a 6.3 ps FWHM SPTR for a SPAD read out by a low-threshold comparator and a 6.8 ps FWHM SPTR for an optimized 1 V inverter using a cascode transistor for a higher excess voltage.
Electric Mars: The first direct measurement of an upper limit for the Martian “polar wind” electric potential

An important mechanism in the generation of polar wind outflow is the ambipolar electric potential which assists ions in overcoming gravity and is a key mechanism for Terrestrial ionospheric escape. At Mars, open field lines are not confined to the poles, and outflow of ionospheric electrons is observed far into the tail. It has thus been hypothesized that a similar electric potential may be present at Mars, contributing to global ionospheric loss. However, no direct measurements of this potential have been made. In this pilot study, we examine photoelectron spectra measured by the Solar Wind Electron Analyzer instrument on the NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) Mars Scout to put an initial upper bound on the total potential drop in the ionosphere of Mars of Φ♂≾⊥2V , with the possibility of a further ≾ 4.5 V potential drop above this in the magnetotail. If the total potential drop was close to the upper limit, then strong outflows of major ionospheric species (H+, O+, and O2+ ) would be expected. However, if most of the potential drop is confined below the spacecraft, as expected by current theory, then such a potential would not be sufficient on its own to accelerate O2+ to escape velocities, but would be sufficient for lighter ions. However, any potential would contribute to atmospheric loss through the enhancement of Jeans escape.
Design of Radiation Hardened 12T SRAM with Enhanced Reliability and Read/Write Latency for Space Application

Soft Errors becoming more predominant due to the constant scaling down of the transistors which lead to a decrease in the critical charge (Qc) and noise margin of the memory cell. In this paper, radiation-hardened (RH) 12T Memory cell is proposed which is resilient to soft errors as well as improves the critical read and write access time. This memory cell exhibits better results in terms of critical charge Qc with improved write static noise margin (WSNM). The extensive Monte Carlo simulations in Industry Hardware Calibrated 65nm standard CMOS process demonstrates that the proposed cell achieves improved performance with respect to $\boldsymbol{0.70\times}$ read access time, $\boldsymbol{0.69}\times$ write access time, $\boldsymbol{4.57}\times$ WSNM, $\boldsymbol{1.07}\times Q_{c}$ as compared to NQ-10T at a supply voltage of 1V. $Qc$ of the proposed RH-12T outperforms 6T SRAM & Q-10T by $\boldsymbol{1.91}\times$ and $\boldsymbol{1.62\times}$ respectively. In terms of area comparison, the silicon area is $\boldsymbol{1\times}$ for both NQ-10T and the proposed 12T.
Acclimation of Phytoplankton Fe:C Ratios Dampens the Biogeochemical Response to Varying Atmospheric Deposition of Soluble Iron

Dissolved iron (dFe) plays an important role in regulating marine productivity. In high nutrient, low chlorophyll regions (>33% of the global ocean), iron is the primary growth limiting nutrient, and elsewhere iron can regulate nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs. The link between iron availability and carbon export is strongly dependent on the phytoplankton iron quotas or cellular Fe:C ratios. This ratio varies by more than an order of magnitude in the open ocean and is positively correlated with ambient dFe concentrations in field observations. Representing Fe:C ratios within models is necessary to investigate how ocean carbon cycling will interact with perturbations to iron cycling in a changing climate. The Community Earth System Model ocean component was modified to simulate dynamic, group‐specific, phytoplankton Fe:C that varies as a function of ambient iron concentration. The simulated Fe:C ratios improve the representation of the spatial trends in the observed Fe:C ratios. The acclimation of phytoplankton Fe:C ratios dampens the biogeochemical response to varying atmospheric deposition of soluble iron, compared to a fixed Fe:C ratio. However, varying atmospheric soluble iron supply has first order impacts on global carbon and nitrogen fluxes and on nutrient limitation spatial patterns. Our results suggest that pyrogenic Fe is a significant dFe source that rivals mineral dust inputs in some regions. Changes in dust flux and iron combustion sources (anthropogenic and wildfires) will modify atmospheric Fe inputs in the future. Accounting for dynamic phytoplankton iron quotas is critical for understanding ocean biogeochemistry and projecting its response to variations in atmospheric deposition.
The coordination dynamics of bimanual circle drawing as a function of scaling movement amplitude

The Coordination Dynamics of Bimanual Circle Drawing as a Function of Scaling Movement Amplitude. (May 2003) Young Uk Ryu, B.S., Daegu University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. John J. Buchanan Dr. Charles H. Shea The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of amplitude scaling on bimanual coordination in a circle drawing task. Eleven right-handed subjects traced the perimeter of 5 circles measuring 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 cm in diameter under the following coordination conditions: (1) both hands move inward together (symmetric coordination pattern), and (2) both hands move counterclockwise together (asymmetric coordination pattern). In a set of self-paced trials, subjects traced each circle separately at a preferred frequency and separately for each coordination pattern. Although subjects matched the required amplitude of the target circles quite well, radial amplitude variability increased with increasing circle diameter. No transitions or movement reversals were observed in the self-paced trials, and the symmetric pattern was more stable than the asymmetric pattern. In a set of amplitude scaling trials, subjects continuously traced the 5 circles from small (3 cm) to big (15 cm) (SB) and from big to small (BS) at two fixed pacing frequencies (1.25 Hz and 1.5 Hz). Observed cycling frequency decreased with increasing circle diameter, and observed radial amplitude was most accurate when tracing the 9 cm diameter circle, with larger than required amplitude when tracing the 3 cm and 6 cm
University of Birmingham Analysis of pressure field generated by a collapsing bubble

This paper is concerned with the dynamic pressure induced by a collapsing bubble, based on the potential flow theory coupled with the boundary element method. The pressure is calculated using the Bernoulli equation, where the partial derivative of the potential in time is calculated using the auxiliary function method. The numerical results agree well with experimental results, in terms of bubble shape and pressure fields. There are two root causes of the bubble induced pressure and the dynamic pressure is decomposed into two parts correspondingly. The first part p g is associated with the imbalanced pressure between the bubble gas and the ambient flow, which measures the contribution of the high pressure gas to the dynamic pressure. The second part p m is caused by the bubble motion, which helps evaluate the contribution of the jet impact. The variation of p g has the same pattern with the gas pressure. p m at the wall center reaches its first peak soon after the jet impact, and then decreases due to the reduction of jet velocity. As the toroidal bubble migrates towards the wall, p m may rise again. We also investigate the influences of dimensionless parameters on the pressure field induced by a gas/cavitation bubble.
Inhibition of Mixed Biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus by β-Caryophyllene-Gold Nanoparticles

Polymicrobial biofilms, consisting of fungal and bacterial pathogens, often contribute to the failure of antimicrobial treatment. The growing resistance of pathogenic polymicrobial biofilms to antibiotics has led to the development of alternative strategies to combat polymicrobial diseases. To this end, nanoparticles synthesized using natural molecules have received significant attention for disease treatment. Here, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using β-caryophyllene, a bioactive compound isolated from various plant species. The shape, size, and zeta potential of the synthesized β-c-AuNPs were found to be non-spherical, 17.6 ± 1.2 nm, and -31.76 ± 0.73 mV, respectively. A mixed biofilm of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus was used to test the efficacy of the synthesized β-c-AuNPs. The results revealed a concentration-dependent inhibition of the initial stages of formation of single-species as well as mixed biofilms. Furthermore, β-c-AuNPs also eliminated mature biofilms. Therefore, using β-c-AuNPs to inhibit biofilm and eradicate bacterial-fungal mixed biofilms represents a promising therapeutic approach for controlling polymicrobial infections.