Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Search-and-Training for Robust and Efficient Network Pruning

Both network pruning and neural architecture search (NAS) can be interpreted as techniques to automate the design and optimization of artificial neural networks. In this paper, we challenge the conventional wisdom of training before pruning by proposing a joint search-and-training approach to learn a compact network directly from scratch. Using pruning as a search strategy, we advocate three new insights for network engineering: 1) to formulate adaptive search as a cold start strategy to find a compact subnetwork on the coarse scale; and 2) to automatically learn the threshold for network pruning; 3) to offer flexibility to choose between efficiency and robustness. More specifically, we propose an adaptive search algorithm in the cold start by exploiting the randomness and flexibility of filter pruning. The weights associated with the network filters will be updated by ThreshNet, a flexible coarse-to-fine pruning method inspired by reinforcement learning. In addition, we introduce a robust pruning strategy leveraging the technique of knowledge distillation through a teacher-student network. Extensive experiments on ResNet and VGGNet have shown that our proposed method can achieve a better balance in terms of efficiency and accuracy and notable advantages over current state-of-the-art pruning methods in several popular datasets, including CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and ImageNet. The code associate with this paper is available at: https://see.xidian. edu.cn/faculty/wsdong/Projects/AST-NP.htm.
Annual variations of abundance, egg production rate, and community structure of Oithona similis in Jiaozhou Bay, the Yellow Sea

In marine ecosystems, copepods (<2 mm) play an important role in the transfer of carbon and energy to higher tropic levels. Investigations in Jiaozhou Bay were carried out throughout 2017–2018, combined with laboratory experiments. The annual abundance, egg production, female prosome length, female carbon mass, clutch size, population composition, and development time of Oithona similis at different temperatures were analyzed to assess the life strategies and estimate generation cycles of O.similis in typical temperate regions at mid-latitude, represented by Jiaozhou Bay. The results include: 1) O.similis abundance was characterized by bimodal cycles, with the major peak in winter (1471 ± 206 ind/m³) and the minor peak in spring (740 ± 320 ind/m³). O. similis abundance was not subject to food limitations except in January. The lower abundance was mainly affected by temperature (>20°C) and low salinity in August. Predation from large size zooplankton was one of the factors in regulating O. similis abuncance in Jiaozhou Bay. 2) Over the year, the egg production rate, female prosome length, and female carbon mass of O.similis ranged from 0.03 ± 0.02 to 1.21 ± 0.25 eggs female-1d-1, 410 ± 6 to 472 ± 4 μm, and 0.35 ± 0.05 to 0.43 ± 0.03 μg c female-1 respectively. Female prosome length, and female carbon were both significantly negative correlated with temperature(P<0.01). The clutch size of O.similis varied between 4 and 21 and we did’t find it was related with other factors. 3) O. similis appeared at almost all stages, and reproduced continuously throughout the year. According to the sex ratio of O.similis and other factors, we inferred that O. similis produced four generations per year in Jiaozhou Bay.
Evaluation of the Buckling Load of an Elliptic Paraboloid Cable-Braced Grid Shell Using the Continuum Analogy

AbstractA cable-braced grid shell is a new type of single-layer latticed shell suitable for glass roofs. Compared with traditional single-layer latticed shells, this new type of shell has a unique mesh shape (planar quadrilateral mesh), mesh form (steel and crossing cables), and surface shape (from the translation surface method). The grid shell is a single-layer latticed structure, and therefore stability is one of the key factors in the structural design. Therefore, in this paper, an elliptic paraboloid cable-braced grid shell with imperfections is used as an example with which to determine the formulas for the buckling load based on the continuum analogy. The main contents of this paper include the formula for the linear buckling load of an elliptic paraboloid cable-braced grid shell with imperfections, which is determined based on the continuum analogy. The equivalent rigidity for the cable-braced grid shell is then determined, and the effect of the cables on the shear rigidity is discussed. Finally, .
Young, Massive Star Clusters in the Antennae

While massive star clusters have been detected in almost every galaxy with appreciable star formation, they are most prevalent in interacting and merging galaxies. As many as 95% of these clusters will ultimately be disrupted, often in the first 10 Myr, but those clusters that do survive may be the progenitors of globular clusters. Many questions exist regarding these massive clusters and the processes that lead to their formation and disruption, including the uniformity of these processes within a galaxy and between galaxies with different degrees of cluster formation (e.g., quiescent spirals, starbursts, and merging systems). To address these questions, we present a detailed spectroscopic survey of young, massive star clusters in the Antennae, one of the best examples of cluster formation in a merging galaxy. Using near-infrared imaging, we selected a sample of 117 clusters to observe with a combination of near-infrared and optical spectroscopy at the W.M. Keck Observatory. These clusters were chosen to sample the major star-forming regions within the Antennae. This is the largest spectroscopic survey of young massive star clusters in any merging galaxy. Comparing the equivalent widths of hydrogen recombination lines and CO absorption bandheads to the population synthesis models of Starburst99, we measure the age of each cluster. More than half of the clusters show the simultaneous presence of hydrogen recombination lines and CO bandheads, which is not predicted by an instantaneous burst model of cluster formation. We determine that cluster formation is better modeled by a 5 Myr duration constant rate burst of star formation, which we apply to our cluster measurements. We find the vast majority of clusters have ages between 7 and 12 Myr, with a few younger clusters. Comparing cluster ages with predictions of the temporal evolution of cluster luminosity, we find the lack of older (>12 Myr) clusters (and to a lesser extent younger ( Cluster masses are measured by comparing the extinction-corrected K-band luminosity with model luminosity predictions. We find most cluster masses are between 105 and 106 M☉ with a median cluster mass around 3.5 x 105 M☉. Substantial variation exists in masses between different regions, with the overlap region having the most massive clusters on average. These mass differences can be interpreted as size-of-sample effects and our results are consistent with a uniform cluster initial mass function throughout the Antennae. Improved spatial resolution CO (1-0) observations of the Antennae show that younger clusters coincide with areas of enhanced molecular gas concentration and, not surprisingly, also have on average higher extinctions. From two metallicity tracers, we find cluster metallicities consistent with solar values. Based on CO bandhead and SiI equivalent widths in the near-infrared spectra, we uncover strong evidence of a substantial population of M2--M4 supergiants in many of the older clusters.
Online disclosure, a mechanism for seeking informal justice?

Recent scholarship considers digital platforms’ potential to serve as sites for feminist counter-spaces. ‘Speaking out’ or disclosing gender-based violence online allows survivors to give voice to their experiences and create a political arena for seeking informal forms of justice. What is significant in these instances is not a shift away from formal justice mechanisms but how the alternative ones take a survivor-focused approach to meet their needs and interests. The survivors who choose to disclose publicly – by describing their experiences in their own words – seek validation and solidarity and hold their perpetrators responsible for the harm they caused. Based on a multilevel justice approach, this research studies how – or whether – digital platforms enable community recognition and awareness regarding gender-based violence in Turkey. By exploring the experiences of six women from Turkey who were subjected to gender-based violence and disclosed online, we ask what justice means for our participants, why they chose to disclose digitally, and for what purposes. We consider their reasons for and experiences of such online disclosures and examine the extent to which these meet their justice needs. While it is evident that online spaces can function as sites of informal justice, it is vital to ask for whom and in which contexts justice can be achieved online. The data is analysed concerning the anti-gender resistance and the recent decline in human rights and judicial justice in Turkey.
The Geometry of the Orbit Space for Non-Abelian Gauge Theories

We study the orbit space of vector potentials acted upon by gauge transformations. We describe its topology, its natural functional connection, and its curvature under a natural metric. A zeta function regularization is given for the functional Laplacian. When Sobolev metrics are used as an ultraviolet cutoff, the orbit space has a Gauss-Wiener measure.
Comparative Clinical Study of the Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil on Soft Tissue Healing and Inflammation Reduction Compared to Eugenol in the Context of Dry Socket

Research background Dry socket is one of the most common complications occurring after the extraction of a permanent tooth, but despite its high incidence, there is no established treatment for this condition. Nigella sativa oil has anti-inflammatory properties and enhances wound healing. Thus, we have decided to conduct a study to evaluate the efficacy of Nigella sativa oil in the context of dry sockets. Aim of the study This study aims to evaluate the effect of a Nigella Sativa oil dressing compared with an Eugenol dressing for the treatment of dry sockets in terms of accelerating soft tissue healing and reducing the intensity of inflammation. Materials and methods A total of 36 patients (19 males, 17 females), ranging between 20 and 50 years, 40 sockets with Alveolar osteitis randomized into 20 sockets for each group. In the first group, Eugenol with a Gelfoam carrier was used, in the second group, Nigella Sativa oil with a Gelfoam carrier was used and after copious irrigation with normal saline in both groups. Soft tissue healing and the degree of inflammation were monitored on the third (T1) and seventh (T2) days. Results The results of our study showed clinical and statistical superiority in favor of the Nigella Sativa oil group compared to the Eugenol group at time T2, where the P-value was less than 0.05. Conclusions Within the limits of our study, we found that Nigella Sativa oil led to better healing of soft tissues and reduced the intensity of inflammation in the context of dry socket, and was superior in effectiveness to Eugenol, and we recommend its use for the treatment of dry socket.
The CXCL10/CXCR3 Pathway Contributes to the Synergy of Thermal Ablation and PD-1 Blockade Therapy against Tumors

Simple Summary Thermal ablation has been confirmed to increase the percentage of functional CD8+T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and activate tumor-specific T cells via the enhancement of tumor antigen presentation to the immune system. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that the interaction between macrophages and effector CD8+T cells through the CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway in the TME contributed essentially to the therapeutic effect of a combined strategy and improved the synergistic effect of this combination therapy of thermal ablation and PD-1 blockade against tumors. Abstract As a practical local therapeutic approach to destroy tumor tissue, thermal ablation can activate tumor-specific T cells via enhancing tumor antigen presentation to the immune system. In the present study, we investigated changes in infiltrating immune cells in tumor tissues from the non-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) side by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of tumor-bearing mice compared with control tumors. We showed that ablation treatment could increase the proportion of CD8+T cells and the interaction between macrophages and T cells was altered. Another thermal ablation treatment, microwave ablation (MWA), increased the enrichment of signaling pathways for chemotaxis and chemokine response and was associated with the chemokine CXCL10. In addition, the immune checkpoint PD-1 was especially up-regulated in the infiltrating T cells of tumors on the non-ablation side after thermal ablation treatment. Combination therapy of ablation and PD-1 blockade had a synergistic anti-tumor effect. Furthermore, we found that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis contributed to the therapeutic efficacy of ablation combined with anti-PD-1 therapy, and activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling pathway might improve the synergistic effect of this combination treatment against solid tumors.
Avoidant authority: The effect of organizational power on decision-making in high-uncertainty situations

Individuals in positions of power are often required to make high-stakes decisions. The approach-inhibition theory of social power holds that elevated power activates approach-related tendencies, leading to decisiveness and action orientation. However, naturalistic decision-making research has often reported that increased power often has the opposite effect and causes more avoidant decision-making. To investigate the potential activation of avoidance-related tendencies in response to elevated power, this study employed an immersive scenario-based battery of least-worst decisions (the Least-Worst Uncertain Choice Inventory for Emergency Responses; LUCIFER) with members of the United States Armed Forces. In line with previous naturalistic decision-making research on the effect of power, this research found that in conditions of higher power, individuals found decisions more difficult and were more likely to make an avoidant choice. Furthermore, this effect was more pronounced in domain-specific decisions for which the individual had experience. These findings expand our understanding of when, and in what contexts, power leads to approach vs. avoidant tendencies, as well as demonstrate the benefits of bridging methodological divides that exist between “in the lab” and “in the field” when studying high-uncertainty decision-making.
Significance of the immunofluorescence staining patterns and titres of the antinuclear antibody test in paediatric rheumatology setting

Background/aim Antinuclear antibody (ANA) is among the most frequently ordered tests in paediatric rheumatology setting. Diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren syndrome is closely related with a positive ANA and classified as ANA associated diseases. Besides, ANA test is ordered in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) to assess the risk for uveitis and a positive ANA could be detected in children with nonrheumaticrheumatic conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate frequency of positive ANA in paediatric rheumatology setting and the association of immunofluorescence staining patterns and titres of ANA with rheumatic diseases. Materials and methods Immunofluorescence staining patterns, and titres of the ANA and diagnoses of children who tested for ANA between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively analysed. Results Among 2477 patients with ANA tested, 28.1% had a positive ANA result. Among them, 39.2% had a diagnosis of a rheumatic disease. Most common rheumatic diagnosis was JIA (43.8%) and ANA associated diseases were observed in 24.5% of the patients with a rheumatic diagnosis. While ANA associated diseases had significantly more frequent homogenous staining, dense fine speckled pattern was significantly more common in children with nonrheumatic diagnoses. Despite ANA associated diseases was found to be significantly associated with higher titres, no difference was observed between patients with JIA and nonrheumatic conditions. Conclusion Our study showed that the majority of children with a positive ANA test were not diagnosed with a rheumatic disease. While titres and patterns of ANA were found to be important in diagnosis of rheumatic diseases, ordering ANA test with solid indications might give improved probability of rheumatic diagnoses in children with a positive test.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Injury Incidence in Japanese Male Professional Soccer Players

Background: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led to an enforced quarantine period and limited training and match activities for athletes. Purpose: To report the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of injury in Japanese male professional soccer players. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: In total, 21 clubs in the 2019 season and 28 clubs in the 2020 season from the Japan Professional Football League were prospectively followed, and 16 clubs in 2019 and 24 clubs in 2020 were analyzed in this study. Individual training, match exposure, and time-loss injuries were recorded using an electronic data capture system. The influence of COVID-19–related suspension during the 2020 season was retrospectively investigated via comparisons with the 2019 season. Results: Total activity time included 114,001 hours in training and 16,339 hours in matches in 2019 and 170,798 hours in training and 25,411 hours in matches in 2020. The mean training interruption period caused by COVID-19 in 2020 was 39.9 days (range, 3-65 days), and the mean game-interruption period was 70.1 days (range, 58-79 days). The total number of injuries was 1495 in 2019 and 1701 in 2020. The overall injury incidence per 1000 hours of exposure was 5.7 in 2019 and 5.8 in 2020. The overall injury burden per 1000 hours of exposure was 155.5 days in 2019 and 130.2 days in 2020. The muscle injury incidence was highest in May 2020, immediately after the suspension period. Conclusion: The overall injury incidence did not differ between 2019 and 2020. However, muscle injury incidence notably increased in the 2 months after the COVID-19 pandemic suspension period.
Equivalence of second order optimality conditions for bang-bang control problems. Part 2 : Proofs, variational derivatives and representations

In Part 1 of this paper (Osmolovskii and Maurer, 2005), we have summarized the main results on the equivalence of two quadratic forms from which second order necessary and sufficient conditions can be derived for optimal bang-bang control problems. Here, in Part 2, we give detailed proofs and elaborate explicit rela- tions between Lagrange multipliers and elements of the critical cones in both approaches. The main analysis concerns the derivation of formulas for the first and second order derivatives of trajectories with respect to variations of switching times, initial and final time and ini- tial point. This leads to explicit representations of the second order derivatives of the Lagrangian for the induced optimization problem. Based on a suitable transformation, we obtain the elements of the Hessian of the Lagrangian in a form which involves only first order variations of the nominal trajectory. Finally, a careful regrouping of all terms allows us to find the desired equivalence of the two quadratic forms. Keywords: bang-bang control, second order necessary and sufficient conditions, critical cones, equivalence of quadratic forms, representation of the Hessian of the Lagrangian.
State estimation and leak detection in water distribution networks

Abstract The observability problem in water systems consists in determining whether the available set of measurements provides sufficient information for the computation of the full system state (this latter operation is called state estimation): given a set of network measurements including some flow, head, consumption and/or resistance values, is it possible to derive all the other hydraulic unknowns of the network? This question is crucial especially for water systems, where the pipe resistances and the consumptions at the nodes are often roughly estimated. One may thus want to use all available measurements for calibrating or estimating these parameters. The aim of this contribution is to determine which variables are structurally observable from the available measurements in a systematic way. This is achieved using a graph-theoretic approach. We split the variables into three classes: the redundant variables, the variables which can be estimated without redundancy (they will be called calculable) and.
Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase VcSnRK2.3 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in association with VcMYB1 in blueberry

Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase-2 (SnRK2) is a plant-specific protein kinase family and an important component of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. However, there is a lack of relevant studies in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). In this study, we identified six SnRK2 family members (from VcSnRK2.1 to VcSnRK2.6) in blueberries for the first time. In addition, we found that VcSnRK2.3 expression was not only positively correlated with fruit ripening but was also induced by ABA signaling. Transient expression in blueberry fruits also proved that VcSnRK2.3 promoted anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes such as VcF3H, VcDFR, VcANS, and VcUFGT. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and seedlings overexpressing VcSnRK2.3 showed anthocyanin pigmentation. Yeast two-hybrid assays (Y2H) and Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays (BiFC) demonstrated that VcSnRK2.3 could interact with the anthocyanin positive regulator VcMYB1. Finally, VcSnRK2.3 was able to enhance the binding of VcMYB1 to the VcDFR promoter. Via regulation transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, VcSnRK2.3 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in blueberry. The above results suggest that VcSnRK2.3 plays an important role in blueberry anthocyanin synthesis, is induced by ABA, and can interact with VcMYB1 to promote anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry.
Intelligent tracking algorithm for manoeuvering target using Kalman filter with fuzzy gain

An intelligent filter with fuzzy gain is proposed, which calculates a manoeuver input into the time-varying variance of the overall process noise and compensates an estimation error by using a fuzzy gain. The proposed technique not necessary to predesign the acceleration levels according to the target manoeuver properities. The manoeuver input is esitmated using the difference between the non-manoeuvering filter and the manoeuvering one. To compensate the estimation error, the fuzzy gain is used to describe the relationship between the filter residual and its variation. A fuzzy system is utilised for an universal approximator. It is optimised by using a genetic algorithm. A computer simulations show that the effectiveness of the proposed method is compared with multiple filters.
On the interaction of wind and extreme gravity waves due to modulational instability

Freak waves are generated numerically by means of modulational instability. Their interaction with wind is investigated. Wind is modeled as Jeffreys’ sheltering mechanism. Contrary to the case without wind, it is found that wind sustains the maximum of modulation due to the Benjamin-Feir instability. The general kinematic behavior observed for freak waves due to dispersive focusing is recovered here, even if the underlying physics are different in both cases.