Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of image-guided surgery on surgeons' performance: a literature review

The goal of current work is to provide a literature review of the performance consequences of image-guided surgery (IGS) use. Regarding IGS system functionalities, the pattern of results suggests to distinguish between IGS systems which only provide information support (e.g. pointer-based systems) and those which directly intervene in surgeons' decision-making and actions (e.g. instrument disablement). The former offer benefits for patient safety and surgical outcome, as well as improved intraoperative orientation for surgeons, helping them to identify anatomical structures. Furthermore, IGS systems providing information support seem to shorten the time needed for surgery and reduce the subjective workload. IGS systems which intervene in a surgeon's decision-making and actions also have positive impact on patient safety and surgical outcome. In addition, these systems seem to reduce the physiological effort of surgeons. However, they can also prolong surgery and increase the subjective workload.
Genetic–Frog-leaping Algorithm for Text Document Clustering

In recent years, the volume of information in digital form has increased tremendously owing to the increased popularity of the World Wide Web. As a result, the use of techniques for extracting useful information from large collections of data, and particularly documents, has become more necessary and challenging. Text clustering is such a technique; it consists in dividing a set of text documents into clusters (groups), so that documents within the same cluster are closely related, whereas documents in different clusters are as different as possible. Clustering depends on measuring the content (i.e., words) of a document in terms of relevance. Nevertheless, as documents usually contain a large number of words, some of them may be irrelevant to the topic under consideration or redundant. This can confuse and complicate the clustering process and make it less accurate. Accordingly, feature selection methods have been employed to reduce data dimensionality by selecting the most relevant features. In this study, we developed a text document clustering optimization model using a novel genetic frogleaping algorithm that efficiently clusters text documents based on selected features. The proposed approach is based on two metaheuristic algorithms: a genetic algorithm (GA) and a shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA). The GA performs feature selection, and the SFLA performs clustering. To evaluate its effectiveness, the proposed approach was tested on a well-known text document dataset: the “20Newsgroup” dataset from the University of California Irvine Machine Learning Repository. Overall, after multiple experiments were compared and analyzed, it was demonstrated that using the proposed algorithm on the 20Newsgroup dataset greatly facilitated text document clustering, compared with classical K-means clustering. Nevertheless, this improvement requires longer computational time.
Attitudes towards the mentally ill in Ireland

Abstract Objective: This survey attempts to ascertain the attitude of the general public towards the mentally ill and former psychiatric patients in Ireland. Method: A random selection of 155 adults were interviewed using Likert-type scales (29 items). Results: Factor analysis revealed four main attitude dimensions: fear, lack of sympathy, personal rejection and perceived community rejection. Overall, respondents express a low level of fear and a high level of sympathy towards the mentally ill. Lack of sympathy correlated highly with older age group, lower educational level and lower socio-economic class of respondent. Respondents with higher self-reported knowledge about mental illness were less fearful and more sympathetic towards the mentally ill. Conclusions: The findings are encouraging to the development of community psychiatric services and support the usefulness of public education in the area of mental health.
Progress towards accurate prediction of overall survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed male malignancy and the 2 nd or 3 rd leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the developed countries. The disease progresses from locally invasive carcinoma to metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). While PC metastasizes to the liver and lung, bone is the most frequent site of PC metastasis. Distant metastasis likely marks the point of no return progress towards the worst prognosis. Owning to the landmark discovery that metastatic PC requires androgen receptor (AR) signaling by Charles Huggins in 1941, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the standard of care for mPC patients. Although the treatment provides initial benefits in the majority of patients with mPC, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) inevitably arises. Prior to 2011, docetaxel was the only second line-therapy (1), and prolonged median overall survival (OS) in patients with mCRPC by 3 months. Since then, the second generation anti-androgens (abiraterone and enzalutamide), radium-223, cabazitaxel, and Sipuleucel-T have become available in the clinic. Although these therapies are not curative, they extend OS in patients with mCRPC (2). As these drugs have different mechanisms of action, they could be used in a variety of combinations either sequentially or simultaneously to maximize benefits to patients with mPC or mCRPC. For example, ADT plus docetaxel is superior to either alone (3) and is becoming the new standard of care for patients with mPC with good performance status. Clearly, improving our knowledge on the course of mCRPC will contribute to the development of rational treatment plans with the currently available medicines and thereby improves patient management. In this regard, identifying parameters to accurately predict survival of patients with mCRPC is an area of active research; there are 113 and 40 published studies related to the topic of mCRPC and prognostic biomarkers or prognostic models in PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/advanced) up to Dec 3, 2016. In order to yield a robust predictive model, it will be essential for a team with combined expertise in clinic and machine learning to analyze comprehensive sets of clinical data.
Genetic relationship among indigenous sheep population of Bangladesh

The study was conducted to investigate the genetic relationships among indigenous sheep population of Bangladesh (Barind, Jamuna river basin, Coastal and Garole sheep) using microsatellite markers. A total of 96 blood samples were collected from adult sheep of Barind (24), Jamuna River Basin (24), Coastal (24), Garole(10) and available Chotanagpuri (10) sheep. Chotanagpuri sheep was used as an outgroup population. DNA was extracted from blood samples using QIAGEN DNA Mini extraction kit and was quantified using a nanodrop. FAO recommended 13 labeled microsatellite markers were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR product was confirmed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by staining with ethidium bromide.The exact allele sizes in each primer were determined by GeneMaker V1.85 demo. Microsatellite tool kit and Dispan software package were used for calculation of allele frequency, number of alleles per locus, observed and expected heterozygosity and genetic distances (DA). The Dispan software was used to calculate inter-individual genetic distances. These distance values were used to construct an UPGMA tree. Results showed that average number of polymorphic alleles per locus varied from4 in HUJ616 to 12 in MAF70. Observed heterozygosity was also varied from 0.54±0.04 in Coastal to 0.63±0.03 in Barind sheep population. Genetic distance between Jamuna river basin and Barind was lowest (0.01) and between Garole and Costal was highest (0.17). Garoleand Chotonagpuri sheep has higher genetic distance from other three sheep populations. Phylogenetic dendogram showed that sheep of Jamuna river basin and barind were belonged to same genetic group. Whereas, coastal, garole and Nagpur sheeps were shown higher genetic distances from Jamuna river basin and coastal sheep. Considering findings of this study it may be concluded that the Barind and Jamuna river basin sheep belongs to a similar genetic group while, Garole and Coastal sheep are belonging to two distinct genetic groups. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 17-22
The Effect of Spiritual Interventions on the Quality of Life Among Patients With Common Cancers in Southwest Iran

Spirituality, sometimes referred to as spiritual health, refers to believing in the existence of an entity or power beyond material life, developing an in-depth sense of unity or attachment to the universe. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of spiritual teachings on life expectancy and quality of life among patients with common cancers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, southwest Iran. Pretest-posttest on 200 people with different type of cancer in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari. First, the questionnaires of quality of life and life expectancy were used to gather the patients’ data. Then, healthy lifestyle from the Quran perspective was taught to the people by a psychologist, a counselor, and a clergyman. 8 weeks after completion of the teachings, the questionnaires were re-administered to the patients. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (including mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (paired t-test). The results showed that the intervention had no effect on the quality of life in these patients (P>0.05). Moreover, there was not significant effect of the intervention in relation to life expectancy statistics before and after the intervention (P=0.857). The inconsistency between the findings of this study and those of other studies, confirming religion’s effect in promoting the quality of life and life expectancy, may be attributed to the difference in the methods, study population, and sample size among the works, or high level of religious beliefs among patients with different type of cancer in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province.
Lactobacillus reuteri: direct passage from ingested yogurts to urine microbiota

Background Serendipitously, it was observed that fecal transplantation made for Clostridium difficile may cure chronic urinary tract infections. This led us to evaluate the passage in the urine of probiotics contained in yoghurt, which have been claimed to prevent urinary infections. Results A commercial yogurt that contained 3 probiotics (Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus delbrueckiii and Lactobacillus reuteri) was consumed by 28 healthy subjects. We performed by culturomics, urine analysis before and after feeding these yogurts. Genome sequencing of the bacterial strains absent before yogurt consumption and present after consumption was performed. Testing more than 40,000 colonies by MALDI-TOF, we observed in two men and one woman (11% of subjects included), the urine colonization of the same Lactobacillus reuteri present in yogurts, with the same genome with 50 genes never identified in other lactobacilli. Conclusion This confirms that, as ingested, Lactobacillus salivarius passes into the milk of lactating women, some bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus can colonize body fluids previously considered sterile after ingestion via the digestive route. Although the consequences of this passage remain unknown, we prove for the first time that there is a digestive passage in the urine after consumption of probiotics, including fermented products sold commercially.
Modelling and studying gravitational waves from black-hole-binary mergers

The source parameters of the first direct detection (GW150914 [3]) of gravitational waves (GW) from a binary black hole (BBH) system were determined by using approximate models of the BBH coalescence, the errors on which could be driven by the noise (statistical errors) or the approximate nature of the model (systematic errors). To determine the systematic errors, a set of numerical relativity (NR) waveforms with similar parameters as of GW150914 were injected over a range of inclination and polarisation values and recovered with IMRPhenomPv2. The main result of this study was that the systematic errors induced due to waveform model inaccuracies were much smaller than corresponding statistical errors, and hence, the statistical errors dominate the systematic for the inferred parameters of GW150914. For current precessing waveform models, the six dimensional spin space is mapped to a two dimensional space of effective spin parameters. We investigate the effects of changing the in-plane spin direction on the GW signal and determine whether these effects are strong enough to be measured by current ground based GW detectors. We also study the effect of disregarding the mode-asymmetry content present in the signals and attempt to answer whether mode-asymmetries need to be included in future waveform models. GW signals, when decomposed in the spin weighted spherical harmonic basis, are made of its different modes (hlms), with the quadrupole mode being dominant. The waveform model IMRPhenomHM models a few of the sub-dominant modes with the quadrupole mode for aligned-spin binaries. We wanted to investigate the effects of using a multimode (IMRPhenomHM) and quadrupole only (IMRPhenomD) waveform model to recover source parameters from multimode signals (IMRPhenomHM signals) and real physical signals (NR waveform signals) across a range of physical parameters and inclination values.
Real Time Video Object Segmentation in Compressed Domain

Many of the recent methods for semi-supervised video object segmentation are still far from being applicable for real time applications due to their slow inference speed. Therefore, we explore a propagation based segmentation method in compressed domain to accelerate inference speed in this paper. In particular, we only extract the features of $I$ -frames by traditional deep convolutional neural network and produce the features of $P$ -frames through information flow propagation. In the process of feature propagation, we propose two effective components to enhance the representation ability of simply warped features in terms of appearance and location. Specifically, we propose a residual supplement module to supplement appearance information which is lost in direct warping and a spatial attention module that can mine extra spatial saliency to provide the location information of the specified object. Besides, we propose a metric based decoder module which consists of a feature match module and a multi-level refinement module to transform information from semantic representation to shape segmentation mask. Extensive experiments on several video datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve comparable accuracy while much faster inference speed when compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Seeing Transparency More Clearly

In recent years, transparency has been proposed as the solution to, and the cause of, a remarkable range of public problems. The proliferation of seemingly contradictory claims about transparency becomes less puzzling, this essay argues, when one appreciates that transparency is not, in itself, a coherent normative ideal. Nor does it have a straightforward instrumental relationship to any primary goals of governance. To gain greater purchase on how transparency policies operate, scholars must move beyond abstract assumptions and drill down to the specific legal, institutional, historical, political, and cultural contexts in which these policies are crafted and implemented. The field of transparency studies, in other words, is due for a "sociological turn. "
2 ( 3 ) PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA FRUIT : A NUTRACEUTICAL AGENT IN THE TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA

The growing need for safe and accessible drugs for various ailments in the third world countries have drawn scientific minds to evaluating scientific bases of the use of some plant materials in traditional medicines. Food substances are chief among these plant materials owing to their safety and nutritional benefits aside the purported medicinal claims. The main objectives of this study were to determine the proximate nutritional composition and the antidiarrheal activity of aqueous fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm). Methods: Antidiarrheal activity of the Phoenix dactylifera aqueous fruit extract was evaluated on castor oil induced diarrhea in male wistar rats using Loperamide (standard drug) as control. The proximate nutritional composition of the fruit was determined standard laboratory methods and the antinutritional factors in the fruit were determined using standard Spectrophotometric method. Result: The result of the nutritional analysis revealed that the date fruit contain high carbohydrate content and relatively high crude ash content and low antinutrients concentration. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous fruit extract revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids. The acute toxicity test showed that the extract is practically non toxic. The antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous fruit extract was found significant (P < 0.05) at 1000mg/Kg and 2000mg/Kg body weight. Conclusion: The result of this research showed that Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) fruit can be used as an effective nutraceutical in the management and treatment of diarrhea especially in the third world countries. Key word: Phoenix dactylifera, Diarrhea, Loperamide, Antidiarrheal activity
Improving the mass efficiency of a composite launch vehicle head fairing with a sandwich structure

Analysis of practical experience in the construction and operation of the main fairings of launch vehicles has revealed the currently widely used sandwich structures with composite load-bearing sheathing combined with a cellular filler. The considered structures are characterized by a rather large number of parameters whose variation significantly changes the mass of an article. An approach to optimizing such structures as the main fairing of a launch vehicle in terms of mass has been further developed. The approach includes the essentially improved components of fragments of known analogs, previously developed by a team of authors, as well as the new fragments, which were not taken into consideration before. In contrast to known works, the approach has made it possible to solve the complex multi-parametric task on the optimal design of the considered class of equipment, almost without loss of accuracy. To this end, the optimization process was divided into several stages based on the reasonable levels of parameters’ significance that are included in the objective function ‒ a minimal mass. An analysis of effectiveness of the reinforcement structure for bearing sheaths has been performed, as well as the preliminary optimization of a cellular filler’s properties, which significantly simplified the selection of their optimal parameters. It has been shown that at a minimum gain in mass due to the optimal reinforcement scheme, which is approximately 5 % compared to a quasi-homogeneous sheath, there is an actual risk of a two-fold increase in the mass of a sheath when choosing a substantially non-optimal structure of the sheath. The result of this study is the established rational parameters for a scheme of reinforcement of bearing sheaths and a cellular filler, as well as their geometric parameters, which ensured a reduction in the mass of the main fairing in comparison with the basic variant, by 51 % or 118.2 kg. The results obtained allow further development and improvement, with almost no changes in its concept and structure in the direction of integration of auxiliary structural elements of the head fairing into optimization
Radionuclide wiggle-matching reveals a non-synchronous Early Holocene climate oscillation in Greenland and Western Europe around a grand solar minimum

Abstract. Several climate events have been reported from the Early Holocene superepoch, the best known of these being the Preboreal oscillation (PBO). It is still unclear how the PBO and the number of climate events observed in Greenland ice cores and European terrestrial records are related to one another. This is mainly due to uncertainties in the chronologies of the records. Here, we present new high resolution 10Be concentration data from the varved Meerfelder Maar sediment record in Germany, spanning the period 11310–11000 years BP. These new data allow us to synchronize this well-studied record as well as Greenland ice-core records to the IntCal13 time-scale via radionuclide wiggle-matching. In doing so, we show that the climate oscillations identified in Greenland and Europe between 11450 and 11000 years BP were not synchronous but terminated and began, respectively, with the onset of a grand solar minimum. A similar spatial anomaly pattern is found in a number of modeling studies on solar forcing of climate in the North Atlantic region. We further postulate that freshwater delivery to the North Atlantic would have had the potential to amplify solar forcing through a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) reinforcing surface air temperature anomalies in the region.
The most common oral lesions in edentulous patients with total prostheses.

: A group of 210 patients with total maxillary and mandibular prostheses were examined to identify the main pathological alterations suffered by edentulous patients. The observed results determined that the average age at which the largest edentulous population is found is between 56 and 65 years with a higher prevalence of females. Of these more than 50% have used oral prostheses for more than 12 years with an adequate hygiene quality in 116 patients where the most frequent oral pathology associated with edentulism was fibrous hyperplasia (epulis), found in 19 patients, followed by stomatitis sub-prosthesis.
Does optimism mediate the influence of work-life balance on hotel salespeople’s life satisfaction and creative performance?

Abstract The purpose of this study is to test optimism as a mediator of the influence of work-life balance (WLB) on life satisfaction and creative performance (CP). Data came from a time-lagged sample of hotel salespeople in three waves and their direct supervisors in Iran. The findings demonstrate that WLB is a critical job resource fostering salespeople’s optimism. The findings further reveal that WLB boosts salespeople’s optimism, which in turn gives rise to life satisfaction and CP at elevated levels. In short, these findings highlight optimism as a full mediator. This study provides discussions of both theoretical and practical implications.