Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Political Campaign Messages on Facebook: A Study of Public Engagement, Social Presence Strategies, and the 2018 U.S. Senate Elections

Scholars have investigated the use of social presence strategies in various research contexts. However, we have limited knowledge about the use of social presence strategies in political campaigns. This study addressed this gap by investigating the relationships between social presence strategies, vividness, and engagement. Facebook data of Democratic and Republican Senate candidates were downloaded for this study. Content analysis of 1,500 posts revealed the significant predictors of engagement on Facebook. The results of Negative Binomial regression analyses illuminated that social presence strategies are strong determinants of engagement on Facebook. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. This study investigated the use of social presence and campaign message strategies by the 2018 U.S. Senate candidates. The results showed that candidates mostly used affective strategy, followed by interactive and cohesive strategies. On Facebook, candidates used image-based messages much more extensively than video-based content. Furthermore, this study investigated the relationships between social presence strategies, vividness strategies, and engagement. The results demonstrated that social presence strategies are significant predictors of engagement on Facebook. Campaign managers could focus on such messages that trigger engagement and use a variety of content strategies to maximize reach.
Addressing the difﬁculties in quantifying droplet number response to aerosol from satellite observations

Aerosol–cloud interaction is the most uncertain component of the overall anthropogenic forcing of the climate, in which cloud droplet number concentration ( N d ) sensitivity to aerosol ( S ) is a key term for the overall estimation. However, satellite-based estimates of S are especially challenging, mainly due to the difﬁculty in disentangling aerosol effects on N d from possible confounders. By combining multiple satellite observations and reanalysis, this study investigates the impacts of (a) updraft, (b) precipitation, (c) retrieval errors, and (d) vertical co-location between aerosol and cloud on the assessment of S in the context of marine warm (liquid) clouds. Our analysis suggests that S increases remarkably with both cloud-base height and cloud geo-metric thickness (proxies for vertical velocity at cloud base), consistent with stronger aerosol–cloud interactions at larger updraft velocity for midlatitude and low-latitude clouds. In turn, introducing the confounding effect of aerosol–precipitation interaction can artiﬁcially amplify S by an estimated 21 %, highlighting the necessity of removing precipitating clouds from analyses of S . It is noted that the retrieval biases in aerosol and cloud appear to underestimate S , in which cloud fraction acts as a key modulator, making it practically difﬁcult to balance the accuracies of aerosol–cloud retrievals at aggregate scales (e.g., 1 ◦ × 1 ◦ grid). Moreover, we show that using column-integrated sulfate mass concentration (SO 4 C) to approximate sulfate concentration at cloud base (SO 4 B) can result in a degradation of correlation with N d , along with a nearly twofold enhancement of S , mostly attributed to the inability of SO 4 C to capture the full spatiotemporal variability of SO 4 B. These ﬁndings point to several potential ways forward to practically account for the major inﬂuential factors by means of satellite observations and reanalysis, aiming at optimal observational estimates of global radiative forcings due to the Twomey effect and also cloud adjustments.
The Resveratrol Oligomers Cis- and Trans-gnetin H Inhibit Human Cancer Cells by Induction of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress

Background: The oligostilbenes cis - and trans -gnetin H were previously studied for their ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. However, an in-depth understanding of the proteins involved in this process remains poorly understood. Methods: The ability of cis - and trans -gnetin H to act as an antioxidant by scavenging one of the stable free radicals DPPH was tested. We also tested the ability of both compounds to generate oxidative stress through elevating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in apoptosis using lung cancer cell line A549. Also, immunoassay Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed to test the levels of the major apoptotic proteins using a negative estrogen receptor (ER-) breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Results: Cis - and trans -gnetin H treatment showed a high percentage of the radical scavenging activity =%24 at the lowest concentration 12. 5μM (p≤0.0001) and elevated the levels of ROS in A549 to 50%, 45%, respectively (p≤0.001). In addition, cis - and trans -gnetin H induced early apoptosis in A549 cell line to 59% and 38.9%, respectively, at the highest concentration of 25μM compared to the untreated control (p≤0.0001). Results from apoptosis protein array showed certain up-regulated proteins such as Bid, Bad, cytochrome c, FasL, TRAIL1-4 and down regulated proteins such as XIAP, surviving, Hsp60, suggesting inducing apoptosis was facilitated by cross talk between intrinsic and extrinsic pathway through TRAIL pathway. Conclusion: These observations suggested that cis - and trans -gnetin H induces apoptosis in human lung and breast cancer cells in vitro through elevating the levels of oxidative stress and directly affecting the primary regulator of apoptosis proteins.
Orthopantomogram as an Assessment Tool for Identifying Growth Pattern– A Radiographic Study

- Aim: Growth prediction is an estimation of alteration in speed and direction of growth. The ability to predict growth patterns of mandible, maxilla and other craniofacial structures plays an important role in improving the reliability of treatment planning and long term success of orthodontic patients. Bjork suggested structural signs such as inclination of condylar head, curvature of mandibular canal, shape of lower border of mandible, depth of antegonial notch, etc. to find the direction of mandibular growth. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate mandibular growth pattern using various Bjork structural signs on Orthopantomograms. Material and Methods: An analytical study was done with 84 pretreatment lateral cephalograms (28 average, 28 horizontal, 28 vertical mandibular growth pattern) and 84 orthopantomograms (28 average, 28 horizontal and 28 vertical mandibular growth pattern) of same patients. Abstract-Aim:Growth prediction is an estimation of alteration in speed and direction of growth. The ability to predict growth patterns of mandible, maxilla and other craniofacial structures plays an important role in improving the reliability of treatment planning and long term success of orthodontic patients. Bjork suggested structural signs such as inclination of condylar head, curvature of mandibular canal, shape of lower border of mandible, depth of antegonial notch, etc. to find the direction of mandibular growth. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate mandibular growth pattern using various Bjork structural signs on Orthopantomograms. Materialand Methods: An analytical study was done with 84 pretreatment lateral cephalograms (28 average, 28 horizontal, 28 vertical mandibular growth pattern) and 84 orthopantomograms (28 average, 28 horizontal and 28 vertical mandibular growth pattern) of same patients. Inclination of condylar head, curvature of mandibular canal, depth of antegonial notch and gonial angles were analyzed both in lateral cephalogram and Orthopantomograms (both right and left side) to check for the growth pattern of an individual. Results:Results showed significant difference in gonial angle (129.82 0 ) and antegonial notch (1.97mm) when compared among different growth patterns and also reliability of using these parameters when analysed in OPG and lateral cephalogram. Thus the correlation between orthopantomogram (OPG) and lateral cephalogram in evaluating mandibular growth pattern was assessed using various parameters and its reliability is proven. Conclusion:Orthopantomogram can also be used to analyse the growth pattern of an individual which will reduce the radiation exposure of the patient by taking an extra lateral cephalogram radiograph. Clinical Significance: Orthopantomogram can emerge as an assessment tool which can be cost effective and has reduced radiation exposure for diagnosing and prediction of mandibular growth pattern in orthodontic cases.
Research Paper Application of FAHP-TOPSIS Method for Weighting and Prioritizing Resilience Indicators in a Combined Cycle Power Plant

Background & Aims of the Study: Resilience means the ability of a system to predict, tolerate, and adapt to various disturbances and recover quickly to its original state. This study aims to weigh and prioritize the indicators affecting the resilience in a combined cycle power plant using the combined method of FAHP-TOPSIS. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted at the beginning of 2021 in the Kashan Combined Cycle Power Plant. In the first step, a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 25 experts were conducted to identify the indicators affecting resilience. A total of 20 affecting indicators were identified and divided into three groups: situational awareness, vulnerability, and adaptability. In the next step, we used the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to determine the indicators’ weights of each group. In the end, we used the TOPSIS method to perform the final prioritization of the indicators. Results: The final results of prioritizing the indicators that affect resilience based on the outcomes of the TOPSIS method showed that the three indicators of structural stability (final weight=1), senior management awareness of the roles and responsibilities (final weight=0.075), and understanding and risk acceptance (final weight=0.067) play the most important roles, while logistics support index (final weight=0.029) is the least important indicator in determining the level of resilience. Conclusion: By recognizing and prioritizing the indicators affecting the level of resilience, corrective and preventive measures can be defined and implemented to improve safety and increase the resilience in combined cycle power plants based on the importance of each indicator. Also, the method introduced in this paper can be used as a scientific technique to identify and prioritize resilience indicators in other process industries such as oil and gas and petrochemical industries.
4 With Limits Raised, Who Will Give More? The Impact of BCRA on Individual Donors

Although most of the attention in the debate over the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) and its impact has focused on soft money and issue advocacy, the law also increases the limits on donations that individuals can give to candidates and to political parties. This provision was actively debated, and both sides shared an assumption that significant numbers would give more if the limits were raised. Yet neither side had evidence to support this assumption. We will use data from two surveys of contributors to help us understand who will give more when the limits are raised. Individual contributors are the major financiers of congressional elections and presidential nomination campaigns. In each election cycle since 1978, when the Federal Election Commission began collecting such data, individuals have provided the vast majority of funds that were raised by Republican and Democratic candidates, and have been the major source of funds of parties and political action committees (PACs) as well. Thus, the increased individual contribution limits enacted by BCRA will affect the most important source of funds for federal campaigns. Although individual donors receive much less attention than party or PAC contributions, they are central to understanding how the campaign finance system may change under the new law. In this chapter we draw on two recent surveys of individual donors to federal
The Empirical Research on Professional Isolation During Remote Work in Context of COVID-19 and Organizational Citizenship Behavior:

While much has been studied about the positive and negative effects of discretionary remote work as an alternative work arrangement, little has been written about in the context of mandated remote work. The COVID-19 pandemic forced many organizations to impose remote work as a new mode of working arrangements. This abrupt change yielded positive and negative physical, social, and psychological outcomes. Drawing from the job demand and resource model and self-determination theory, this study examines the effects of professional isolation on organizational citizenship behavior, proposing the sequential mediation of psychological empowerment and affective organizational commitment as intrinsic motivators. An online survey was conducted. A total of 162 full-time remote workers (56 male (34.6%), 106 female (65.4%)) in Korea were analyzed. This study revealed that psychological empowerment and affective commitment fully mediate the relationship between professional isolation and organizational citizenship behavior. Contrary to expectation, however, the relationship between professional isolation and organization was found to be nonsignificant. Implications for practice, theory, and future research are discussed.
Energy Characteristics and Internal Flow Field Analysis of Centrifugal Prefabricated Pumping Station with Two Pumps in Operation

In order to study the hydraulic performance and internal flow field of dual pumps in centrifugal prefabricated pumping station under operation conditions, this paper carried out a numerical calculation based on CFD software for dual pumps in a centrifugal prefabricated pumping station under different flow conditions and verified the internal flow field through test. The results show that the efficiency of centrifugal prefabricated pumping station under design conditions (Qd = 33.93 m3/h) is 63.96%, the head is 8.66 m, the head at the starting point of the saddle area is 10.50 m, which is 1.21 times of the designed head. The efficiency of the high-efficiency zone of the prefabricated pump station is 58.0~63.0%, and the corresponding flow range is 0.62Qd~1.41Qd (21.0~48.0 m3/h). The uniformity of the inlet flow rate of impeller of pump 1 is 74.70%, and that of pump 2 is 75.57%. The flow fields of water pumps on both sides are inconsistent. The results of the flow field indicate that there are severe back flow phenomena at the prefabricated bucket intake, more back flow in the bucket, and many eddies on the side wall. With the increase in flow rate, the eddy structure at the intake expands continuously and moves towards the center area, which has a negative impact on the flow field in the center area. The research results of this paper can provide a theoretical reference for the research and operation of the same type of prefabricated pumping stations.
Synthesis and Effect of Nanocellulose Obtained from East Java Kenaf Fiber on Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Foam Composites as Strong and Lightweight Materials

Cellulose is a fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Cellulose particles with at least one dimension in the nanoscale are referred to as nanocellulose. Kenaf fiber is a natural fiber used in this study because it has high mechanical properties and strong interface adhesion with polymers so it provides superior properties to other natural fibers. Polyurethane (PU) foam is widely used as a core layer in sandwich composite construction to produce a lightweight material. This study presents a synthesis of cellulose nano-fibrils (CNF) extracted from East Java, Indonesia based kenaf fibers, an analysis of the effect of adding CNF as a filler and a reinforcement in PU foam composites, and a formulation of PU-CNF foam composite that provided the best mechanical properties as strong and lightweight materials in structural applications. The CNF extraction from kenaf fiber started by fiber pre-treatment including alkalization and bleaching, then mechanical treatment with an Ultra Fine Grinder to produce CNF suspension. The weight variations of CNF in PU foam were 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 wt%. PU-CNF composite fabrication using the in-situ polymerization method. CNF characterization included TEM, XRD, and FT-IR. TEM results on CNF show that the CNF diameter is in the range of 40-70 nm. The functional group from the FT-IR results showed that the pre-treatment process on kenaf fiber was successful in reducing the lignin and hemicellulose content. XRD results showed that the CNF crystallinity was 75.22%. The PU-CNF foam composite characterization included a compressive test, 3-point bending test, and SEM. The PU foam composite with 3 wt% CNF reinforcement is the best composite which has the optimum value from the results of the compression test and the 3-point bending test. The compressive strength value increased by 20.01%, from 236.997 kPa to 284.434 kPa, the compressive modulus value increased by 29.21% from 5.67 MPa to 7.32 MPa, and the 3-point bending strength value increased 28.29% from 572.24 to 734.15 kPa. All the results expected to support that CNF was a potential reinforcement material with a high surface area for a wide variety of applications.
Investigating the determinants of outbound long-haul tourist daily expenditure and length of stay

This study investigates the determinants of long-haul tourists’ daily expenditure and length of stay. Relative price competitiveness, travel party size, activity engagement in entertainment, and trip organization method affect both daily spending and length of stay. Income and engagement in outdoor activities further contribute to predict daily expenditure, whereas activity engagement in nature and culture activities significantly affects the length of stay. The study presents helpful information to stakeholders responsible for outbound long-haul tourist destination policy and planning in mature and emerging destinations.
Controls on the relative abundances and rates of nitrifying microorganisms in the ocean

Abstract. Nitrification controls the oxidation state of bioavailable nitrogen. Distinct clades of chemoautotrophic microorganisms – predominantly ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) – regulate the two steps of nitrification in the ocean, but explanations for their observed relative abundances and nitrification rates remain incomplete and their contributions to the global marine carbon cycle via carbon fixation remain unresolved. Using a mechanistic microbial ecosystem model with nitrifying functional types, we derive simple expressions for the controls on AOA and NOB in the deep, oxygenated open ocean. The relative biomass yields, loss rates, and cell quotas of AOA and NOB control their relative abundances, though we do not need to invoke a difference in loss rates to explain the observed relative abundances. The supply of ammonium, not the traits of AOA or NOB, controls the relatively equal ammonia and nitrite oxidation rates at steady state. The relative yields of AOA and NOB alone set their relative bulk carbon fixation rates in the water column. The quantitative relationships are consistent with multiple in situ datasets. In a complex global ecosystem model, nitrification emerges dynamically across diverse ocean environments, and ammonia and nitrite oxidation and their associated carbon fixation rates are decoupled due to physical transport and complex ecological interactions in some environments. Nevertheless, the simple expressions capture global patterns to first order. The model provides a mechanistic upper estimate on global chemoautotrophic carbon fixation of 0.2–0.5 Pg C yr−1, which is on the low end of the wide range of previous estimates. Modeled carbon fixation by AOA (0.2–0.3 Pg C yr−1) exceeds that of NOB (about 0.1 Pg C yr−1) because of the higher biomass yield of AOA. The simple expressions derived here can be used to quantify the biogeochemical impacts of additional metabolic pathways (i.e., mixotrophy) of nitrifying clades and to identify alternative metabolisms fueling carbon fixation in the deep ocean.
Mathematical Theory of Hemivariational Inequalities and Applications

Introductory material pseudo-monotonicity and generalized pseudo-monotonicity hemivariational inequalities for static one-dimensional nonconvex superpotential laws hemivariational inequalities for locally Lipschitz functionals hemivariational inequalities for multidimensional superpotential law noncoercive hemivariational inequalities related to free boundary problems constrained problems for nonconvex star-shaped admissible sets.
Spin-Mediated Consciousness: Theory, Experimental Studies, Further Development & Related Topics

We postulate that consciousness is intrinsically connected to quantum spin since the latter is the origin of quantum effects in both Bohm and Hestenes quantum formulisms and a fundamental quantum process associated with the structure of space-time. Applying these ideas to the particular structures and dynamics of the brain, we have developed a detailed model of quantum consciousness. We have also carried out experiments from the perspective of our theory to test the possibility of quantum-entangling the quantum entities inside the brain with those of an external chemical substance. We found that applying magnetic pulses to the brain when an anaesthetic was placed in between caused the brain to feel the effect of said anaesthetic as if the test subject had actually inhaled the same. We further found that drinking water exposed to magnetic pulses, laser light or microwave when an anaesthetic was placed in between also causes brain effects in various degrees. Additional experiments indicate that the said brain effect is indeed the consequence of quantum entanglement. Recently we have studied non-local effects in simple physics systems. We have found that the pH value, temperature and gravity of a liquid in the detecting reservoirs can be non-locally affected through manipulating another liquid in a remote reservoir quantum-entangled with the former. In particular, the pH value changes in the same direction as that being manipulated; the temperature can change against that of local environment; and the gravity can change against local gravity. We suggest that they are mediated by quantum entanglement between nuclear and/or electron spins in treated liquid and discuss the profound implications of these results. This paper now also includes materials on further development of the theory and related topics.
Improving the information environment for analysts Which intellectual capital disclosures matter the most?

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to document the relationship between intellectual capital disclosure and analyst following for biotechnology firms listed at the Copenhagen Stock Exchange during the period between 2001 and 2010. Design/methodology/approach: Intellectual capital disclosure was computed from financial statements, while analyst following data was retrieved from I/B/E/S. Findings: The results show that analysts are more likely to follow firms with high intellectual capital disclosure. This finding is consistent with the fact that analysts wish to follow those firms for which they have more information. Our results also show that intellectual capital disclosure related to employees and strategic statements are the most important disclosures for analysts. Research limitations/implications: More relevant methods, such as survey or interviews with management, may be used to improve the information content of intellectual capital disclosure. Analysts, probably, deduce intellectual capital of a firm from interaction with management rather than financial statements. Practical implications: Firms in biotechnology sector can improve their information environment by disclosing more information regarding their intellectual capital in financial statements. Originality/value: Our findings shed light on the importance of intellectual capital in biotechnology sector for analysts.