Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controversies in acetaminophen nephrotoxicity

able analgesic and antipyretic medications worldwide and is highly accessible because it has fewer side effects than any other analgesic or antipyretic. However, acetaminophen overdose can cause serious and lethal hepatotoxicity. The daily maximal dose of acetaminophen is 4.0 g, and excessive doses between 7.5 g and 10.0 g can cause hepatotoxicity [1] because about 10% of acetaminophen is metabolized into the toxic metabolite N-acetylp-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) by cytochrome P450 [2]. Large doses of acetaminophen result in severe glutathione depletion with overproduction of NAPQI, causing hepatotoxicity. With similar pathophysiology, concurrent nephrotoxicity induced by acetaminophen has been raised as a concern over the past few decades [3,4]. However, regarding kidney function, acetaminophen use with appropriate therapeutic doses should be safer than nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opiates. The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) recommends a single dose of acetaminophen as the drug of choice for pain control in patients with kidney disease [5]. In comparison, ingestion of toxic amounts of acetaminophen can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) because of acute tubular necrosis at the proximal tubule, and habitual acetaminophen use may result in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) from chronic interstitial fibrosis or papillary necrosis [6]. Excessive amounts of acetaminophen and NAPQI are excreted by the kidney and may contribute to AKI. Furthermore, the associated oxidative stress can lead to direct nephrotoxicity [7]. However, evidence that habitual use of acetaminophen alone increases the risk of ESRD has not been clearly demonstrated. A population-based cohort study reported that single-substance acetaminophen may be safe for patients with advanced CKD at stage 4 to 5 without an adverse effect on progression of CKD [8]. Finally, the association between acetaminophen use and renal impairment is still controversial. In this issue of Kidney Research and Clinical Practice, Kanchanasurakit et al [9] performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for the association between acetaminophen and renal impairment. Of 13,097 articles identified, 5 (two cohort studies and three casecontrol studies) with 13,114 participants were included. All included studies were observational. Three studies focused on the association between acetaminophen use and CKD, another focused on AKI, and the other focused on AKI and CKD. The authors analyzed causes of heterogeneity based on study design (case-control and cohort studies), identified publication bias, and discussed study limitations. More than one tool was used in the analyses to provide confidence in evaluation of the risk of bias in the observational studies. The results concluded that acetaminophen users without a prior history of kidney Controversies in acetaminophen nephrotoxicity
A single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the human ENTPD1 gene encoding CD39 is associated with worsened graft‐versus‐host disease in a humanized mouse model

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) protect against graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), a life‐threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The ectoenzyme CD39 is important for increasing the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. The rs10748643 (A → G) single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 1 of the human ENTPD1 gene is associated with increased proportions of CD39+ Tregs. This study aimed to determine whether the rs10748643 SNP corresponded to increased proportions of CD39+ Tregs in an Australian donor population, and whether this SNP influences clinical GVHD in a humanized mouse model. Donors were genotyped for the rs10748643 SNP by Sanger sequencing, and the proportion of CD39+ T cells in donor peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry. Donors encoding the G allele (donorsAG/GG) demonstrated higher proportions of CD39+CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127lo Tregs, but not CD39+CD3+CD8+ T cells or CD39+CD3+CD4+ conventional T cells, compared with donors homozygous for the A allele (donorsAA). NOD‐SCID‐IL2Rγnull mice were injected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from either donorsAA (hCD39AA mice) or donorsAG/GG (hCD39AG/GG mice). hCD39AG/GG mice demonstrated significantly greater weight loss and GVHD clinical scores, and significantly reduced survival, compared with hCD39AA mice. hCD39AG/GG mice showed significantly higher hCD4+:hCD8+ T‐cell ratios than hCD39AA mice, but displayed similar proportions of CD3+hCD4+hCD25+hCD127lo Tregs and hCD39+ Tregs. However, the proportion of human Tregs corresponded to survival in hCD39AA mice, but not in hCD39AG/GG mice. This study demonstrates that donors encoding the G allele show higher percentages of CD39+ Tregs, but cause worsened GVHD in humanized mice compared with donors homozygous for the A allele.
Application of antagonist Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7 against Botrytis cinerea in postharvest Red Globe grapes

Abstract We investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7 against the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in the postharvest Red Globe grapes. The disease incidence, lesion diameter, decay index, and some resistance‐related enzymes were evaluated. The antioxidant capacity of grape treated with 1 × 104 CFU/ml B. cinerea alone and combined with 1 × 107 CFU/ml NCPSJ7 was also determined. The results showed that NCPSJ7 + B. cinerea reduced the disease incidence, lesion diameter, and decay index of postharvest grapes and enhanced the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, chitinase, and β‐1,3‐glucanase during different storage periods. Furthermore, the oxidative resistance, demonstrated by an escalating trend in the total phenolic content, DPPH free radical clearance rate, reducing power, and superoxide anion clearance rate after lesion presence, was improved. However, NCPSJ7 showed an inhibitory effect on gray mold, but resulted in the reduced antioxidant capacity in the grapes.
The Conceptualisation of Societies as Typologies and Their Impact on Instructional Supervision

DOI: 10.21276/sjhss.2018. 3.9. 1 Abstract: Societies are classified according to their development and use of technology. For most of human history, people lived in preindustrial societies characterized by limited technology and low production of goods. After the Industrial Revolution, many societies based their economies around mechanized labour, leading to greater profits and a trend toward greater social mobility. At the turn of the new millennium, a new type of society emerged. This post-industrial, or information, society is built on digital technology and nonmaterial goods. Educational and instructional supervision occur in a variety of societies; thus the need to explore the various typologies of societies that provide the context for the instructional supervision process.
Review Paper On Breeding Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L. Var. Durum) For Quality Traits

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is the only tetraploid species of wheat of commercial importance that is widely cultivated today. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum, 2n = 4x = 28, genome AABB) has long remained an important food resource for human diets. It is used in different parts of the world for several food products, such as pasta, couscous, unleavened bread, bulgur, and mote, among others. It is preferred for the production of pasta or macaroni products; mainly because of its elevated level of yellow pigments and appropriate protein and gluten characteristics. It has been well established in durum wheat that protein quantity and gluten quality are widely responsible for the so-called al dente pasta cooking characteristics, whereas yellow pigments are effective on the color of pasta products. Even though durum wheat grain is used to produce various products, the acceptability of a variety is greatly influenced by its quality characteristics.
The Separation and Reunification of Germany: Rethinking a Natural Experiment Interpretation of the Enduring Effects of Communism

German separation in 1949 into a communist East and a capitalist West and their reunification in 1990 are commonly described as a natural experiment to study the enduring effects of communism. We show in three steps that the populations in East and West Germany were far from being randomly selected treatment and control groups. First, the later border is already visible in many socio-economic characteristics in pre-World War II data. Second, World War II and the subsequent occupying forces affected East and West differently. Third, a selective fifth of the population fled from East to West Germany before the building of the Wall in 1961. In light of our findings, we propose a more cautious interpretation of the extensive literature on the enduring effects of communist systems on economic outcomes, political preferences, cultural traits, and gender roles.
Scaffolding Task Analysis and Multimedia in Development Life Skill Intellectual Disability Student

This study aims to examine the effect of scaffolding and multimedia audio motion visual on improving learning outcomes in vocational life skill intellectual disability student in Indonesian schools. It used a pre-experimental one group pre test-post test design design. Subjects of the study were students of exceptional junior high school intellectual disability in East Java Indonesia. It used test performance. Data were analyzed using test wilcoxon. The results showed that the learning outcomes of vocational life skill students who studied with scaffolding and multimedia audio motion visual increased more than students who studied with un scaffolding and multimedia audio motion visual. This means scaffolding and multimedia audio motion visual give a better influence on the results of vocational life learning students' intellectual disability skills. Keywords—scaffolding; multimedia; life skills; intellectual
CD59 receptor targeted delivery of miRNA-1284 and Cisplatin-loaded liposomes for effective therapeutic efficacy against cervical cancers

Co-delivery of two different therapeutics (miRNA-1284 and cisplatin (CDDP)) into the cancer cells in a single nanocarrier provides new dimension to the cancer treatment. In this study, we have designed the CD59sp-conjugated miRNA-1284/cisplatin(CDDP)-loaded liposomes for the enhanced therapeutic effect against cervical cancers. Compared with miRNA-1284/CDDP-loaded liposomes (LP-miCDDP), CD59 antibody-conjugated LP-miCDDP (CD/LP-miCDDP) showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. Notably, MiR-1284 showed a typical concentration-dependent cell killing effect in the cervical cancer cells owing to the downregulation of HMGB1. Flow cytometer analysis showed that CD/LP-miCDDP resulted in maximum apoptosis effect (~60%) compared to CDDP (~20%) or miR-1284 (~12%) treated cells indicating the superior anticancer effect in the cancer cells. Importantly, CD/LP-miCDDP significantly prolonged the blood circulation of encapsulated drug in rats with significantly higher AUC (o-t) , t 1/2 and lower CL compared to that of free CDDP. Overall, results demonstrated that targeted and synergistic co-delivery of therapeutic components could be promising in cervical cancer therapy.
Performance and perception of the first year medical students about the team based learning in Anatomy

Back ground and Aim: Team based learning (TBL) possibly relies on student centered small group interaction more heavily than any other commonly used instructional strategy. It is being adapted in medical education to implement interactive small group learning. Present study was done to explore the perception and performance about TBL in teaching Anatomy. Materials and Methods: This study involved a group of seventy first year MBBS students of RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah UAE. TBL was conducted in a topic of Anatomy as per the standard protocol that includes pre class study, readiness assurance followed by application of course content by small group discussion. Perception of TBL was determined by administering the eight items questionnaire and performance was analyzed by their scores in individual and group readiness assurance test and in course assessment scores. Result: About 68.5% of students were able to learn and understand the topic effectively through TBL method. 73% students felt, interaction among the group members helped them to understand the course content better. About 62% were of the opinion that the lectures should be replaced with more and more TBL sessions in their teaching methodology. About 65% students were able to score well in the level 2 multiple choice questions in the in course assessment. Conclusion: in conclusion, TBL facilitated the group learning among the first year MBBS students and it can be substituted as one of the important mode of teaching along with other teaching methodologies.
The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and risk of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia that has many risk factors including some medications; however, the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and its risk is not well assessed. This study was conducted to find out if there is an association between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of atrial fibrillation. The study was conducted at Al-Hussein Medical City Hospital in Karbala-Iraq as a retrospective case-control study between September 2014 and March 2015; including 90 patients with atrial fibrillation and 90 control subjects who were age and sex matched, and based on risk-set sampling. Current use of NSAID was started within one month and chronic use for more than one month was recorded. The current use of NSAIDs by patients with atrial fibrillation was found in 43 patients out of 90 (47.7%) of which new users were 29 (32.2%) and chronic users were 14 (15.5%), while it was found in 27 out of 90 (30%) of the control subjects who were current users of NSAIDs. That difference was statistically significant (p-value was 0.015), the odds ratio (OR) was 2.135 and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was 1.16-3.94. This study suggests that the current use of NSAIDs might be associated with increased risk of incidence of atrial fibrillation. Key words: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, atrial fibrillation.
An Examination of Undergraduate Research Gains

Previous research has shown students generally benefit from engaging in undergraduate research experiences. These benefits include professional and personal gains, increased knowledge, improved communication and collaboration skills, and development of a clearer career path (Cetkovic-Cvrlje et al., 2013). To assess students’ perceived benefits from conducting research, we interviewed 19 students who submitted an abstract to Capital University’s Symposium on Undergraduate Scholarship. Results indicated that generally students feel they receive positive academic, professional, and personal benefits from conducting research. Findings showed that frequent interaction with faculty mentors was related to higher ratings of students’ overall mentorship and research experiences. From this assessment, the researchers recommend that faculty provide more encouragement to students, particularly in the initial stages of students’ research projects, and establish routine and frequent communication with their student researchers.
Correlación entre estrés, tabaquismo y estado periodontal en adultos residentes en la ciudad de Mendoza

espanolIntroduccion: Las periodontitis son infecciones asociadas a microorganismos patogenicos y alteraciones en la respuesta del huesped. El estres psicosocial y las conductas de afrontamiento inadecuadas pueden ejercer efectos inmunosupresivos, incrementando la susceptibilidad. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la correlacion entre estres psicosocial, conductas adaptativas y tabaquismo con el estado periodontal. Materiales y metodo: Se reclutaron 166 sujetos voluntarios de ambos sexos, sanos sistemicamente, entre 25 a 65 anos (41,2±11,3), que asistieron a la Facultad de Odontologia de la UNCuyo. Para la valoracion del estres y conductas adaptativas se aplicaron: Escala de Reajuste Social (SRRS), Inventario de Sintomas de Estres (SSI), cuestionario de conductas de afrontamiento (COPE). Se determino el nivel de cortisol salival y se evaluo el habito tabaquico. Los parametro periodontales evaluados fueron: profundidad de sondaje, perdida de insercion, indice gingival y de placa. El estudio estadistico incluyo analisis de regresion logistica bivariado y multivariado, prueba de chi cuadrado, ANOVA. Resultados: Se demuestra asociacion significativa por analisis bivariado: edad y estado periodontal (p Conclusiones: Los sujetos que presentan estres, inadecuadas conductas adaptativas y fuman son mas susceptibles al deterioro periodontal. Valores altos de cortisol salival se asociaron a mayor deterioro periodontal. EnglishBackground: The periodontitis are infections associated with pathogenic microorganisms and host response alterations. The psychosocial stress and inadequate coping behaviours to it may exert immunosuppressive effects, increasing susceptibility to periodontitis. The aim was to research the association between psychosocial stress, coping behaviours and smoking with periodontal condition. Methods: One hundred and sixty six voluntary subjects were recruited of both sexes, with healthy systemic conditions, between 25-65 years of age (41,2±11,3), that go to the Dentistry Branch of National University of Cuyo. For stress and coping behaviors assessment tests were applicated: Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), Stress Symptom Inventory (SSI), coping behaviours questionnaire COPE. Levels of salivary cortisol were determined and smoking habits were evaluated. The examinations of the periodontal condition were: probing pocket depth, attachment level, gingival and plaque index. The statistical survey included: bivariated and multivariated logistic regression, X 2 test; ANOVA. Results: The obtained results demonstrate significative association by bivariate analysis: age and periodontal condition (p Conclusion: The subjects that show stress, inadequate coping behaviours and smoke are more susceptible to the periodontal damage. High levels of salivary cortisol are associated with major periodontal damage.
Fatal Ecstasy-induced malignant hyperthermia with rhabdomyolysis. A case report

There is an increasing number of reports concerning lethal courses following consumption of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), namely Ecstasy. Autopsy findings in cases of MDMA intoxications are described, however Ecstasy-associated pathological findings should be separated from Ecstasy-induced findings. This case report presents typical Ecstasy-induced findings due to an obviously genetic disposition leading to malignant hyperthermia and severe rhabdomyolysis. Medicolegal aspects are relevant because there is a therapeutic option to save life by injecting Dantrolene when first symptoms are recognized.
Effect of Coaching Educational Program for Head Nurses on Nurses’ Self-Efficacy

Coaching as a leadership approach can be used by head nurses in advancing their professional carrier and help nurses to identify their unique set of strength and weakness to improve their performance. The aim of study was to investigate effect of coaching educational program for head nurses on nurses’ selfefficacy. Subjects and method: Quasiexperimental research design was used. The study was conducted at El Menshawy General Hospital and data collected from all available (27) head nurses and 245 of nurses selected randomly from total number (675) working at all departments in aforementioned setting. Three tools were used: Head nurses' knowledge questionnaire, coaching skills questionnaire, nurses’ self-efficacy questionnaire. Results: Preprogram, majority (96.3%) and all (100%) head nurses had poor level of total knowledge and total coaching skills respectively. While post program, more than seventy percent (70.4%)of head nurses had good level of total knowledge and more than ninety percent (96.3%) had moderate coaching skills levels in total. There was statistical significance improvement in total and in all items of nurses’ selfefficacy post program than preprogram. Conclusion: preprogram implementation, head nurses’ knowledge and skills about coaching were low as well as nurses’ self-efficacy. After program implementation, there was significant improvement in head nurses' knowledge, skills for coaching and improvement in nurses' self-efficacy. Recommendation: hospital's administration needs to focus on follow up to reinforce head nurses' skills in coaching and keep the progress of nurses’ self-efficacy. Also reforms hospital's policies to emphasize on using coaching as an effective approach to support head nurses in a variety of positions.
Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Autophagy Protects against Oxidative Damage in Rat Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Although endogenous nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cell- (NPMSC-) based regenerative medicine has provided promising repair strategy for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, the hostile microenvironments in IVD, including oxidative stress, can negatively affect the survival and function of the NPMSCs and severely hinder the endogenous repair process. Therefore, it is of great importance to reveal the mechanisms of the endogenous repair failure caused by the adverse microenvironments in IVD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the rat NPMSCs and its underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that oxidative stress inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NPMSCs. In addition, the results showed that the expression level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased at an early stage but decreased at a late stage when NPMSCs were exposed to oxidative stress, and the oxidative damages of NPMSCs could be partially reversed by promoting the expression of HO-1. Further mechanistic analysis indicated that the protective effect of HO-1 against oxidative damage in NPMSCs was mediated by the activation of autophagy. Taken together, our study revealed that oxidative stress could inhibit cell viability, induce apoptosis, and increase ROS production in NPMSCs, and HO-1-mediated autophagy might act as a protective response to the oxidative damage. These findings might enhance our understanding on the mechanism of the endogenous repair failure during IVD degeneration and provide novel research direction for the endogenous repair of IVD degeneration.