Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of zinc on growth, seed yield and nutrient content of bottle gourd seeds [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Zinc on growth, seed yield and nutrient content of bottle gourd seeds at Agriculture Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur. Different four zinc levels (0,2.5,5.0 and 7.5 ha-1) as soil application evaluated and found significant influenced the growth, seed yield and nutrient content attributes of bottle gourd seed. Zinc application @7.5 kg zincha-1 significantly increased vine length (502.2cm), number of primary branches pervine (10.44), number of nodes pervine (20.04), minimum number of days to appearance first female flower (57.25) and node on which first male (8.64) and female flowers (10.44) appeared, maximum fruit length (41.07cm) and girth (25.60 cm) and number of seeds perfruit (460.73). However, 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 was found at par except number of fruits per vine (2.95) and higher seed yield per ha (991.16 kg). 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 also registered maximum values of nutrent contents and uptake by seed of bottle gourd except phosphorus content of seed.
Leptin Regulation of Thymopoiesis During Endotoxin-Induced Acute Thymic Atrophy

Leptin Regulation of Thymopoiesis During Endotoxin-Induced Acute Thymic Atrophy by Amanda Louise Gruver Department of Pathology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Gregory D. Sempowski, Ph.D, Advisor, Committee Chair ___________________________ Laura P. Hale, M.D., Ph.D. ___________________________ M. Louise Markert, M.D., Ph.D. ___________________________ Herman F. Staats, Ph.D. ___________________________ Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Ph. D. An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Pathology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 Copyright by Amanda Louise Gruver 2009
Photoassimilate distribution in plants and crops: source-sink relationships.

Part 1 Physiological and metabolic aspects of the components of source-sink relationships: growth analysis and photoassimilate partitioning primary photosynthate production - physiology and metabolism respiration and growth metabolism starch synthesis in sinks and sources fructans as reserve carbohydrates in crop plants sucrose metabolism in sinks and sources metabolism of carbohydrates in sinks and sources - galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharides metabolism of carbohydrates in sinks and sources - sugar alcohols phloem loading structure, mechanisms of catalysis and regulation of sugar transporters in plants mechanisms of long and short distance transport from sources to sinks anatomical and physiological characteristics of sink cells. Part 2 The integration of source-sink components: source-sink interaction and communication in leaves biochemical genetics of carbohydrate metabolism in source and sink tissue potential for genetically modifying source-sink metabolism effects of temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide on source-sink relations in the context of climate change metabolic adjustments, assimilate partitioning and alterations in source-sink relations in drought-stressed plants light quality and quantity effects on source-sink relationships during plant growth and development hormonal regulation of source-sink relationships - an overview of potential control mechanisms source-sink relationships under symbiotic nitrogen fixation effects of pathogens and parasitic plants on source-sink relationships. Part 3 Whole plant source-sink relationships of selected crops: wheat rice corn soybeans pea sugarcane carrot sugarbeet tomato cucurbits alfalfa turfgrass citrus prunus grape roses.
Trees in the Urban Landscape: Principles and practice

Introduction. Aims of the manual. Lessons from the past. The value of trees. A history of trees in cities. The numbers of trees and their value. The contribution of trees to our environment. Problems for trees in cities. Survival of trees. Growth of trees. The cost of tree failure. Causes of tree failure. The major problems. The biology of trees. Growth. Water and nutrient uptake - roots: water - nutrients - roots. Photosynthesis - leaves: photosynthesis - leaves. Transport of materials - stems: transport - stems. Maintenance. Intrinsic site problems. Soil composition and properties: texture - organic matter - structure - pore space. Urban soils: water supply - compaction - drainage - nutrients - toxicity 5. Extrinsic site problems. Vandalism. Vehicle damage. Salt. Wind damage. Air pollution: dust - sulphur dioxide - nitrogen oxides and ozone. Site treatments. Surface drainage. Soil compaction. Under drainage. Drought. Nutrient deficiencies. Toxicity. Topsoil. Ameliorants and alternative materials. Ground surfaces. Assessment. Tree stock. Types of tree stock: standards - transplants and whips - extra heavy standards and semi mature trees - cuttings - seed. Root treatment. Quality of stock. Choice of species. General vigour. Deciduous or evergreen? Native or alien? Major types of native species. Alien species. Varieties and clones. Tolerance to special ecological conditions. Associations of species. Costs. No substitute for observation and experience. Planting techniques. Basic planting techniques: direct seeding - cuttings - notch planting - pit planting - tree spades. Backfill and soil amendments. Drainage. Planting pit design. Buildings and services. Time of planting. Post planting practices. The importance of water. Importance of water. Water requirements. Managing water supply: increasing the size of the root system - incorporation of ameliorants - irrigation. Controlling the water use by the tree: pruning - anti-transpirants. Soil volumes for established trees. The need for nutrients. Nutrient requirement and soil supply. The response of tres to nutrients. Methods of nutrient addition: use of good soil - fertilisers and manures - nitrogen-fixing species. Support and protection. Benefits and problems of support: stem and root growth - tie and stake damage - methods of support. Problems of protection: vandalism - mower and strimmer damage - animal damage - wind damage - road salt. Weed control. Effects on survival and growth: mechanisms of action. Methods of weed control: physical removal - cutting and mowing - herbicides - mulches. Area of treatment. Pruning. Principles of pruning. Nursery pruning. Pruning at planting. Pruning for shape. Controlling plant size. Pests, diseases, damage and decay. Diseases: beech bark disease - Dutch elm disease - fireblight - plane anthracnose - oak wilt - p
Formulation of weather-based criteria rules for the prediction of sucking pests in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Punjab

A study was conducted during 2005-06 to develop a weather―based forecasting model for sucking pest in Bt-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum Linn.). The population dynamics of jassid, whitefly and thrips with respect to meteorological parameters on Bt-cotton ('Ankur 651' during rainy (kharif) season 2005 and 'RCH 34' during rainy season 2006) under 3 dates of sowing was conducted during crop seasons at research farm of the University, Ludhiana. The results revealed that a decrease in maximum temperature (6-7°C from normal of>38°C) and minimum temperature (4-5°C from normal of >27°C) and sunshine hours (5-7 hr from normal of >8 hr) favour the population build-up of cotton jassid (Amrasca bigutulla Shir). Whereas an increase in temperature (maximum temperature >32°C; minimum temperature >25°C) and sunshine hours (>9 hr) coupled with decreased relative humidity favoured the build-up of cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). Of these parameters, the contribution of increase in the number of sunshine hours has been significant with respect to its build-up. Cotton thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindi.) appeared on cotton during its early vegetative stage and ceased its activity with the onset of south-west monsoon. Peak population of thrips was recorded as soon as the maximum and minimum temperature crossed 39 and 25°C and morning and evening relative humidity was below 55 and 35%, respectively along with more than 9 hr of sunshine. On the contrary a decrease in temperature and sunshine hours and increase in relative humidity coupled with a heavy rainfall led to cessation of thrips activity in cotton.
Effect of biofertilization on Siwa Oasis mint (Mentha spicata L. cv. Siwa) plants

This field experiment was conducted during the two successive seasons of 2016 and 2017 under Siwa Oasis conditions to investigate the effect of using active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) biofertilizer on productivity improvement of Siwa Oasis mint (Mentha spicata L. cv. Siwa) plants. The experiment layout was a split plot design. The main plots included two application methods of active dry yeast as a foliar spray and as a soil drench whereas, the sub-plots comprised of using four concentrations of active dry yeast :0, 2, 4 and 6 g / liter. The interaction within the tested treatments showed that, foliar spray method with the highest concentration of 6 g/liter significantly recorded the maximum increments in fresh and dry weights of herb per square meter or per feddan as well highest essential oil yield with maximum carvone content.
Production and Characterization Egg Yolk Derived Anti-Hemaglutinin Antibody (IgY) as Immunotherapy Agent on the Chicken Infected by Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Virus

Bird flu or Avian influenza is a zoonotic disease. Data from WHO showed that, in October, 3rd 2013 the comulative case number in Human in Indonesia was 194 and 162 which were death (WHO, 2013). The effort for reducing the spread AI in poultry in Indonosia had been focussing on vaccination program, but the result didn’t give an optimum result for reducing the spread of AI. Development of H5N1-specific antibodies may be an alternative strategy for the treatment infection and the prevention for controlling the spread of AI. This study was aimed to know the reactivity anti-HA antibody Avian influenza virus subtype H5N1. This study was divided into two steps ; The first step were hemaglutinin protein characterization by SDS-PAGE and western blot, electroelution of hemaglutinin protein, hemaglutinin protein quantitation, immunogenicity and antigenicity test of hemaglutinin protein. The second step were anti-HA antibody isolation from the egg yolk, anti-HA antobody purification and reactivity test of anti-HA antibody by dot blot method. The result of this study showed that Anti-HA antibody can detected Avian influenza A/H5N1 virus antigen.
Evolution of endosperm starch synthesis pathway genes in the context of rice (Oryza sativa) domestication

o the Dissertation ii Acknowledgements iv Table of contents vi List of Tables x List of Figures xiii List of Abbreviations xv Introduction of the Dissertation 1 Chapter 1. Evolution of Endosperm Starch Synthesis Pathway Genes in Oryza Sativa and its wild ancestor O. rufipogon 18 Introduction 19 Study system 22 Materials and methods 24 Plant materials 24 DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing 25 Data analyses 26 Level of nucleotide variation 27 Association between nucleotide variation and position in the metabolic pathway 27 Population Recombination Rate 27
Using deficit irrigation with treated wastewater to improve crop water productivity of sweet corn, chickpea, faba bean and quinoa

Plusieurs essais ont ete conduits dans le sud du Maroc (IAV-CHA, Agadir) durant deux saisons 2010 et 2011 dont le but d’evaluer l’effet de l’irrigation deficitaire par les eaux usees traitees sur plusieurs cultures (quinoa, mais doux, feve et pois chiche). Durant la premiere saison (2010) trois cultures ont ete testees, quinoa, mais doux et pois chiche en appliquant 6 traitements d’irrigation deficitaire durant tout les stades culturaux en alternant 100% d’ETm comme condition de confort hydrique et 50% d’ETm comme conditions de stress durant le stade de croissance vegetative, floraison et remplissage des grains. Pour toutes les cultures, le rendement et la productivite d’eau les plus eleves ont ete obtenus lorsque l’irrigation deficitaire a ete appliquee durant le stade de croissance vegetative. Pendant la deuxieme saison (2011) deux lignes du quinoa, la feve et le mais doux ont ete cultivees en adoptant 6 traitements d’irrigation deficitaire (bour, 0, 25, 50, 75 et 100 d’ETm) appliques juste pendant le stade de croissance vegetative, tandis que durant le reste du cycle cultural les cultures ont recues une irrigation complete sauf pour le traitement bour. Pour le quinoa et la feve, appliquant 50% d’ETm durant le stade vegetatif a permis d’obtenir le rendement et la productivite d’eau les plus eleves, tandis que pour le mais doux le traitement optimal qui a enregistre le rendement et la productivite d’eau les plus eleves est celui qui a recu 75% d’ETm. Abstract Several experiments were conducted in the south of Morocco (IAV-CHA, Agadir) during two seasons 2010 and 2011 in order to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation with treated wastewater on several crops (quinoa, sweet corn, faba bean and chickpeas). During the first season (2010) three crops were tested, quinoa, chickpeas and sweet corn applying 6 deficit irrigation treatments during all crop stages alternating 100% of full irrigation as non-stress condition and 50% of full irrigation as water deficit condition applied during vegetative growth, flowering and grain filling stage. For all crops, the highest water productivity and yield were obtained when deficit irrigation was applied during the vegetative growth stage. During the second season (2011) two cultivars of quinoa, faba bean and sweet corn have been cultivated applying 6 deficit irrigation treatments (rainfed, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of full irrigation) only during the vegetative growth stage, while in the rest of crop cycle full irrigation was provided except for rainfed treatment. For quinoa and faba bean, treatment receiving 50% of full irrigation during vegetative growth stage recorded the highest yield and water productivity, while for sweet corn applying 75% of full irrigation was the optimal treatment in terms of yield and water productivity.
Effect of Plug Cell Size on Seedling Growth of Summer Spinach

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of plug cell size on the seedling growth and to provide a guideline for practical production of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) in the summer season. Leaf length reached to 8.7cm at 30 days after seeding in 200 cells plug tray. Plants grown in 288, 406 (A) and 406 (B) had the leaf lengths of 7.3, 5.6 and 7.0cm, respectively. Seedlings grown in 200 cells had larger leaf blades (4.4cm) as compared to those in the other cells. Seedlings grown in 200, 288, 406 (A) and 406 (B) had 7.2, 7.2, 5.4 and 5.4 in number of leaves, respectively. The greatest fresh weight was achieved in seedlings grown in trays of 200 cells, followed by 288 cells, 406 (B) and 406 (A) cells. Dry weight showed a similar trend to fresh weight. Leaf length, leaf blade length, leaf width and fresh weight generally increased as plug cell sizes became larger. From the above results, 288 cell trays are recommended for spinach seedling production based on economic view.
Antimicrobial activity of Acorus calamus (L.) rhizome and leaf extract.

Antimicrobial activity of Acorus calamus rhizome and leaf extracts obtained with different solvents viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, hexane and ethyl acetate was evaluated. Extracts obtained with ethyl acetate among others were found to be highly effective. Rhizomes and leaf ethyl acetate extracts exhibited pronounced antifungal activity with diameter zone of inhibition ranged from 20-28 and 18-25 mm as well as antiyeast activity with diameter zone of inhibition ranged from 22-25 and 20-23 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the rhizome and leaf extracts for antifungal activity measured was 2-4mg/ml, except Penicillium chrysogenum whereas against yeasts was relatively higher, 4-5 and 6-8 mg/ml. MIC value for antibacterial activity was comparatively very high ~16-42 mg/ml. In addition, authentic A- and B-asarones were also tested for their antimicrobial potential. Both A- and B-asarones exhibited very strong antimicrobial activities against the fungi and yeasts than those of rhizome and leaf extracts. The study clearly suggested that A. calamus rhizomes and leaves must possess active principle A- and B-asarones which is believed to be responsible for their antimicrobial ac- tivities. Both rhizomes and leaf extracts, however, had no antibacterial activity except E. coli.
The Role of the Composite and Biologic Meshes in the Trocar Site Hernia Repair Following Laparoscopic Surgery

The increasing proportion of laparoscopic interventions in the surgical centers has, also, determined an increased incidence of specific complications, such as trocar hernia. Nowadays, there is no unanimously agreed concensus regarding the optimal closure technique of the trocar incision, wether it should include the suture of the aponeurosis or not at the 10 mm ports. There is, also, no consensus regarding the proper surgical technique for the trocar hernia repair- alloplastic or tissue repair technique.The purpose of the study is to present our experience on the alloplastic repair of the trocar hernias. It is a retrospective study that analyzes the results obtained by our clinicalteam regarding the alloplastic repair of the trocar hernias, over a five-year period, between January 2011 and December 2015. The recurrence and the occurrence rates of different complications (seroma, neuroma with postoperative pain, parietal infiltration, infections and mesh rejection), depending on the type of mesh used for the surgical repair,are studied.
Light utilization and photoinhibition of photosynthesis in marine phytoplankton

Introduction to Phytoplankton. Based on the record of the oldest identifiable fossils, the first oxygenic photosynthetic organisms appeared about 2 {times} l0{sup 9} years ago in the form of marine single celled, planktonic procaryotes (Riding, 1992; Sarmiento and Bender, 1993). In the intervening eons, phytoplankton have evolved and diversified; presently they represent at least 11 classes of procaryotic and euacaryotic photoautotrophs. While the carbon of these organisms cumulatively amounts to only 1 to 2% of the global plant biomass, they fix between 35 and 50 gigatonnes ({times} 10{sup 9} metric tons) of carbon annually, about 40% of the global total (Falkowski and Woodhead, 1992). On average, each gram of phytoplankton chlorophyll converts about 6% of the photosynthetically active radiation (440 to 700 nm) incident on the sea surface to photochemical energy (Morel, 1978). Despite a great deal of variability in ocean environments, this photosynthetic conversion efficiency is relatively constant for integrated water column production (Morel, 1978; Falkowski, 1981; Platt, 1986; Morel, 1991). Here we review the factors determining light utilization efficiency of phytoplankton in the oceans, and the physiological acclimations which have evolved to optimize light utilization efficiency.
Fecundity assessment of vendace, Coregonus albula L. from six lakes in Polish Western Pomerania

Vendace acquired for the fecundity analysis originated from six west Pomeranian lakes: Pile (97 specimens), Ko­ morze (41), Drawsko (62), Pelcz (89), Morynskie (91), and Lesne (70). The fish were caught during commercial catches using anchored gillnets, 24-mm mesh size. Substantial differ­ ences were stated in individual biological parameters between fish representing different lakes, even if the dominant age group everywhere were 2+ vendace. The fish of Drawsko Lake showed the highest individual weight and the total length. The highest fecundity was stated in fish from lakes Komorze and Drawsko (7.21-16.85·103 and 6.9-22.23·103, respectively), whereas in Pelcz Lake this parameter reached the value as low as 1.61-4.12·103 • All vendace exhibited a high, statistically significant correlation between the absolute fecundity and their total length.
Stomachs Out of Africa

Could a bacterial pathogen that inhabits the human stomach reveal the paths trodden by our ancestors as they migrated out of Africa? In his Perspective, [Spratt][1] discusses an analysis of isolates of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori from 27 human populations of different ethnicities and from different geographical locations ([ Falush et al .][2]). DNA sequence differences among the bacterial isolates revealed traces of ancient human migrations and of the intermixing that occurred as migrating populations colonized new areas. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/299/5612/1528 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/299/5612/1582
High-Yield Histology

Preface Cell Biology Epithelium Connective Tissue Cartilage Bone Muscle Nervous Tissue Heart and Blood Vessels Blood Thymus Lymph Node Spleen Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine (Colon) Liver Exocrine Pancreas and Islets of Langerhans Respiratory System Urinary System Hypophsis Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Skin Ear Eye Cerebral Cortex Cerebellar Cortex Inde
Prediction of pathological mutations in proteins: the challenge of integrating sequence conservation and structure stability principles

The recent drop in genome sequencing costs has created a promising horizon for the development of genomic medicine. Within the biomedical environment, sequencing data are increasingly used for disease diagnosis and prognosis, treatment development, counseling, and so on. Many of these applications rely on the identification of disease causing variants. This is a particularly challenging problem because of the large number and wide variety of sequence variants identified in sequencing projects, and also because we only have a limited understanding of the physicochemical/biochemical properties that differentiate neutral from pathologic variants. Nonetheless, these last years have witnessed important methodological advances for one class of variants, those corresponding to changes in the amino‐acid sequence of proteins. Proteins are a main constituent of living systems. We know that although their biological properties are essentially determined by the amino‐acid sequence, not all the changes in this sequence have the same impact. Some are neutral, but others affect protein function and lead to disease. A large body of evidence shows that whether one or the other is the case that depends on properties such as mutation location in the protein structure, interspecies conservation, and so on. Mutation prediction methods based on these features have good success rates, in the 70–90% range, although representation over time suggests there is a performance plateau that would limit their applicability. In light of the most recent advances in the field, and after reviewing the foundations of prediction methods, we discuss the existence of this performance threshold and how it can be overcomed.