Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Cefixime Resistant Salmonella from Hospitals waste and Profiling Multi-drug Resistance Pattern of the Selected isolates

Anti-microbial resistance is a serious and emerging crisis for both developed and developing countries throughout the world. Irrational and indiscriminate use of antibiotics flourishes the development of Multi-drug resistance (MDR) pathogens, raising some conjecture that we are almost at the verge of antibiotic era. Public hospitals play a major role in the evolving of MDR bacteria, because of frequent and excessive use of antibiotics is practiced here. The objectives of the study are the isolation of cefixime resistant Salmonella spp. from three hospitals waste samples in south-eastern region of Bangladesh (Chittagong) and the evaluation of the multidrug resistance patterns of the isolated samples. After TVC, 30 cefixime resistant Salmonella were isolated from the waste samples of three different hospitals (10 from each sample). Among the 30 isolates, 22 isolates were found resistant up to 500 µg/ml cefixime, 5 isolates showed resistance up to 400 µg/ml cefixime and rest of them were resistant up to 300 µg/ml cefixime. Isolates of cefixime resistant salmonella were further subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test by disc diffusion methods using five antibiotics e.g. penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. Results showed that all the isolates were multi-drug resistant but all the isolates were also azithromycin sensitive. This result describes that most commercially available antibiotics are ineffective against Salmonella whereas azithromycin is still effective against Salmonella and it might be a good choice for the infections caused by Salmonella spp.
Screening for antidiarrheal activity of Psidium Guajava : A possible alternative in the treatment against diarrhea causing enteric pathogens

Psidium guajava leaves, commonly known as guava was screened against some common enteric pathogens like Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Aeromonas spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida spp. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava leaves were obtained using the Soxhlet apparatus. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts were tested on Mueller Hinton Agar by the punch well technique. Significant inhibitory effects were observed against the isolates that were tested. Significant activity of ethanolic extract was observed against Vibrio, Aeromonas, Salmonella and Shigella species. Aqueous extract showed significant activity against candida and Escherichia coli. The results of the present study supported the claims of folk medicine for the use of this plant for the treatment of diarrhea. These results were encouraging and can be extrapolated further to consider the use of Psidium guajava leaf extracts as an alternative treatment option for diarrhea caused by the enteric pathogens.
Identification and Partial Characterization

We have used a high performance liquid chromatography assay, which detects chymotryptic cleavage of the phe8-his, bond of angiotensin I to yield angiotensin II, in order to examine human lung mast cells for the presence of chymotryptic activity. Mast cells, purified from human lung by enzymatic dispersion, countercurrent elutriation, and Percoll gradient centrifugation, were lysed or challenged with goat anti-human IgE. In multiple experiments angiotensin II-converting activity was detected in lysates of 10-99% pure mast cell preparations. Regression analysis of net percent release values of histamine and the angiotensin I-converting activity from dose-response experiments demonstrated a correlation between the two parameters, indicating that the chymotrypsin-like enzyme is a constituent of the mast cell secretory granule. The chymotryptic activity was completely inhibited by i0' M phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride but not by 1O-3 M Captopril, and the pH optimum of activity was 7.5-9.5. Gel filtration of released material separated the activity from tryptase and demonstrated an approximate molecular weight of 3035,000. The mast cell enzyme, like a human skin chymotrypsinlike proteinase, can be distinguished from leukocyte cathepsin G by lack of susceptibility to inhibition by bovine pancreatic
Effects of seed viability and water supply on leaf chlorophyll content and grain yield of maize (Zea mays).

A field experiment was carried out as factorial based on RCB design with three replicates in 2009 to assess the effects of seed viability on some of the physiological characteristics of maize under four irrigation treatments (irrigation after 70, 90, 110 and 130 mm evaporation). A sub-sample of maize (cv. KSC301) seeds were kept as control or high viability seed lot (V 1 ) and two other sub-samples were artificially deteriorated at 40°C for 16 and 18 days (V 2 and V 3 , respectively). The three seed lots had seed viabilities of 99% (V 1 ), 91% (V 2 ) and 79% (V 3 ). Mean time of seedling emergence significantly increased, but emergence percentage decreased with decreasing seed viability. Early emergence of seedlings from high viability seed lots resulted in production of more leaves per plant, particularly under limited irrigation conditions. Consequently, maximum number of leaves for these plants attained earlier than those from low viability seed lots. Leaf chlorophyll content index of the plants from all seed lots decreased with increasing water limitation. High leaf chlorophyll content of the plants from low viability seed lots was due to poor stand establishment making light available to the most of leaves of plant canopy. Low stand establishment of plants from artificially deteriorated seed lots resulted in comparatively higher CCI and consequently higher grain yield per plant. However, grain yield per unit area for plants from deteriorated seed lots (V 2 and V 3 ) was 25.1% and 68.77% less than that for high viability seed lot (V1). The superiority of V1 to V2 and V3 seeds of maize increased as water limitation increased.
Pathological and serum biochemical effects of salinomycin on layer chicks.

Effects of continuous and over dosage of salinomycin was studied experimentally in layer chicks. Salinomycin was given to layers @ 60, 120 and 180 ppm in feed up to the age of 12 weeks. During the course of trial, the birds of all groups were active and did not show any clinical signs. Body weight started decreasing significantly (P<0.001) in chicks receiving 60, 120 and 180 ppm salinomycin compared to the control group from the 11 th , 5 th and 3 rd week onward, respectively. Feed conversion ratio at 12 th week was 3.537 in the control compared with 3.701, 4.250 and 4.465 in layer chicks given salinomycin at the rate of 60, 120 and 180 ppm, respectively. Absolute weight of liver at 12 th week and absolute weight of kidneys throughout the experiment decreased significantly (P<0.001) in chicks receiving 180 ppm salinomycin. Concentrations of AST, ALT, blood urea and creatinine were higher in layers receiving 180 ppm salinomycin, while serum total bilirubin concentration was increased significantly (P<0.001) in layers receiving 120 and 180 ppm salinomycin. No gross lesions were observed in liver and kidneys of layers receiving various doses of salinomycin. Microscopically, there was congestion of liver sinusides and vacuolization of hepatocytes in chicks receiving 180 ppm salinomycin. There was hydropic degeneration of tubular epithelium, degeneration and desquamation of most of cells of Bowman’s capsule epithelium of kidneys in birds receiving 180 ppm salinomycin. Higher doses of salinomycin seem to alter liver and kidney functions subclinically in layer chicks.
Les cercosporioses du bananier et leurs traitements. Efficacités comparées de différentes molécules fongicides sur Mycosphaerella fijiensis MORELET, agent de la maladie des raies noires des bananiers et plantains au Cameroun. I

Les conditions climatiques tres favorables a la maladie des raies noires (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) et la presence d'une quantite elevee d'inoculum, ont permis de mettre en evidence l'efficacite remarquable de 2 triazoles : diniconazole et cyproconazole. Ces 2 fongicides ont ete appliques a l'aide d'atomiseurs a dos sur de petites parcelles. Ils ont ete compares au propiconazole. Ils ont permis de controler tres efficacement l'evolution de la cercosporiose noire et d'obtenir des resultats comparables a ceux du propiconazole. Pour confirmer l'efficacite de ces produits sur M. fijiensis, des essais vont etre prochainement effectues sur de grandes surfaces. Les traitements seront realises par avion
Alterações fisiológicas da senescência pós-colheita de brócolis

ABSTRACT - The objective of this work was to determine the early physiological changes throughoutshelf life of fresh broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. italica ) cv. Piracicaba Precoce at 25 o C and relativehumidity of 96% in the dark until complete senescence. Head inflorescences showed lack of turgidityand commercial value when weight loss reached up to 5%, coinciding with 48 hour after harvest.Chlorophyll content was stable until 24 hours after harvesting; afterwards, an intense degradationphase took place. At 72 hours, total head yellowing was observed when chlorophyll content droppedto 30% of its initial content. Peroxidase activity increased by 1.4 fold during the first six hours,dropping to its lowest level approximately 24 hours after harvesting. However, from this time on, anincrement of activity was observed until 72 hours. At 24 hours after harvesting, respiration wasreduced by 50%. At later stages of senescence, respiration of florets was stable, but in a lower level thanthat determined at harvest. Sharp reduction of starch and reducing sugars was observed within 24 hoursafter harvesting, followed by continuous period of decline in starch and non-reducing sugars.Index terms: chlorophyll, peroxidase, respiration, starch, soluble sugars.ALTERACOES FISIOLOGICAS DA SENESCENCIAPOS-COLHEITA DE BROCOLISRESUMO - Alteracoes fisiologicas ocorridas durante a vida de prateleira em inflorescencias de brocolis(
Climate, landscape and microenvironment interact to determine plant composition in naturally discrete gravel beach communities

Question: What is the relative importance of national-, regional- and within-beach-scale influences on vegetation composition and floristic affinities of New Zealand gravel beaches? Location: Coastal New Zealand. Methods: We sampled vegetation composition at 61 gravel beaches, quantifying site factors and adjacent landscape characteristics. Site, climate and geographic relationships between gravel beaches and related ecosystems were inferred using GIS data layers. To simultaneously investigate influences at different spatial scales, we used ordination and variation partitioning to examine relationships between composition and environment, and hierarchical models to understand floristic affinities with related ecosystems. Results: At a national scale, compositional variation among beaches reflects mean annual temperature and spring vapour pressure deficit; within regions, proximity of native woody vegetation and coastal turfs are important; within-beach variation is related to substrate stability and particle size distribution. The gravel beach flora is 50% exotic, reflecting the highly modified nearby landscapes; 30% of species are characteristic of coastal sands, 20% of braided riverbeds and 8% of coastal turfs. Affinities with coastal sand communities are unrelated to microsite sandiness or area of sand dunes within 50 km. Affinities with braided riverbeds are related to the bed area of those rivers draining within 200 km and proportion of gravel in the substrate. Affinities with coastal turfs are related to proximity to the nearest turf and the proportion of humus in the substrate. Conclusions: Examining multiple scales of influence in a landscape context is essential to understand composition of naturally discrete ecosystems that span wide geographic ranges and to underpin their conservation management.
DIFFERENCES IN BACKFAT THICKNESS AFTER WEANING AND REPRODUCTION TRAITS BETWEEN THE GENOTYPES OF OBESE GENE IN SOWS (WITH REPRODUCTION DISORDERS)

The aim of the present study was to identify polymorphism in the Obese (leptin) gene of crossbred sows with disordered reproduction and to investigate if there are differences between the genotypes of sow Obese (leptin) gene in backfat thickness after weaning, viability of piglets and preservation of piglets until weaning. The polymorphism of the porcine leptin gene of sows of disordered reproduction and differences between the genotypes of Obese (leptin) gene in backfat thickness after weaning, born piglets' viability and preservation of piglets were analyzed in 85 crossbred sows. The backfat thickness was determined after the last weaning of piglets using a- mode ultrasonography in 3 points (P): P(1) - between 6-7 ribs; P(2) - 10 th rib; P(3) - behind the last rib. The number of born alive, stillborn and weaned piglets was estimated from reproductive cards of sows. DNA samples from the blood of sows for determining polymorphism were obtained by PCR and restricted fragment lengths with restriction enzyme HinfI were: 152 bp (allele T) and 84 + 68 bp (allele C). The frequencies of detected genotypes TT, TC and CC were 0.63, 0.31 and 0.06 respectively of sows with disordered reproduction population. The estimated frequencies of alleles were 0.79 for allele T and 0.21 for allele C. Based on our research results we found that backfat thickness after weaning in sows of the CC genotype was highest compared to the sows of TT and TC genotypes at: P(1) - 4.6 and 3.1 mm (P<0.05), at P(2) - 5.0 and 4.5 mm (P<0.05) and at P(3) - 3.5 and 2.7 mm (P<0.05) respectively. The biggest number (52.94 %) of sows with anoestrus after weaning was detected in TT genotype group. There was no statistically significant difference among different genotypes and the number of born, stillborn piglets, but there was a tendency that sows with CC genotype with a higher backfat thickness had got more live born and less stillborn piglets compared with sows with TC and TT genotype. We found that preservation of piglets till weaning was best in sows of TT genotype (90.63 %) compared with sows of TC and CC genotypes. The piglets preservation quality for sows with TC and CC genotype was by 0.78 % and 3.25 % lower (P<0.05) respectively.
T and B immunophenotype determination using specific markers (CD3, CD79A, λ and κ light chains) in canine biopsies with suspicion of malignant lymphoma

Trente quatre biopsies (de noeuds lymphatiques, de rate, d'intestins ou de peau) de chien presentant une suspicion de lymphome malin ont ete analysees, apres fixation au formol et inclusion en paraffine, en histologie et en immunohistochimie en utilisant un anticorps de lapin anti-CD3 humain, un anticorps de souris anti-CD79a humain et des anticorps de lapin anti-chaines legeres de type lambda et kappa comme anticorps primaires et revelation des complexes immuns formes par le complexe peroxydase-streptavidine. Les lymphomes a cellules T (lymphocytes exprimant le CD3) ont constitue 61.5% (16/26) et ceux a cellules B (lymphocytes exprimant le CD79a) 38.5% (10/26) des lymphomes malins alors que le diagnostic de lymphosarcome a ete ecarte sur 8 tumeurs cutanees presentant egalement des infiltrats lymphocytaires mais ne reagissant avec aucun des marqueurs de differenciation utilises. Les lymphosarcomes des noeuds lymphatiques et de la peau ont ete de type T en majorite (64.3% et 62.5% respectivement) et 2 sous-types ont ete identifies grâce aux criteres histologiques : lymphome cutane non epitheliotrophique specifique de la peau et lymphome T lymphoblastique dans les noeuds lymphatiques et la rate. Parmi les 10 lymphosarcomes de type B, 9 ont produit des chaines lambda et 1 seul des chaines kappa ; 3 sous-types, n'admettant pas de localisation tissulaire privilegiee, ont ete mis en evidence : lymphome B lymphocytaire (4/10), lymphome B lymphoplasmocytaire (4/10) et lymphome diffus a larges cellules B (2/10). Au total, les frequences respectives des differents sous-types identifies a partir des 26 tumeurs positives ont ete les suivantes : 15.3% de lymphomes B lymphocytaire, 15.3% de lymphomes B lymphoplasmocytaire, 7.6% de lymphomes B a large cellules, 19.2% de lymphomes T non epitheliotrophiques et 42.3% de lymphomes T lymphoblastiques. Ces resultats soulignent l'interet de l'immunophenotypage B ou T dans le diagnostic de lymphosarcome chez le chien.
New representatives of the genus Ancorabolina George, 2006 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ancorabolidae) including remarks on ancorabolid phylogeny

Four new species of Ancorabolina George, 2006 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ancorabolidae) are described: Ancorabolina belgicae sp. nov. (from the Porcupine Seabight, north-east Atlantic Ocean), Ancorabolina anaximenesi sp. nov. and Ancorabolina galeata sp. nov. (both from Anaximenes Mountain, eastern Mediterranean Sea), and Ancorabolina divasecunda sp. nov. (from Cape and Guinea Basins, south-east Atlantic Ocean). Furthermore, the generic diagnosis for Ancorabolina is provided and the position of the taxon within Ancorabolidae is discussed. The characters originally employed to allocate Ancorabolina to the subfamily Ancorabolinae Sars, 1909, are critically evaluated and two true autapomorphies for a monophyletic Ancorabolinae (including Ancorabolina) are recognized. Two autapomorphies supporting Ancorabolina are proposed: (1) cephalothorax posteriorly with pair of ventrolateral cuticular processes turned backwards and (2) loss of the third setal element subapically on the antennary endopod. The urgent need for a phylogenetic re-evaluation of the paraphyletic subfamily Laophontodinae Lang, 1944 is stressed and evidenced by three characters widespread in this subfamily but also present in Ancorabolina. This may be an indication of a closer relationship of Ancorabolina with certain members of Laophontodinae. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 158, 16–55.
Cambial activity and wood formation in beech (Fagus sylvatica) during the 2006 growth season

Cambial seasonal activity and the dynamics of xylem growth ring formation were studied during the 2006 growth season in mature beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees at a forest stand near Ljubljana, Slovenia. Cross-sections of tissues taken from living trees at weekly intervals were studied with light microscope. Cambial cell divisions began between 18 and 24 April, the cambium achieved maximum width (10-13 cell layers) at the end of May, and cell divisions ceased between 25 July and 16 August. Dormant cambium contained 3 to 5 cell layers. Fitting xylem increments to the Gompertz function showed that the period of most intense cell production was from 30 May to 6 June 2006. Th e average width of fully formed xylem growth rings was 2552 μm, and the time necessary for their formation was 100 days. Although the investigated trees were healthy and of comparable age, the parameters of the Gompertz function showed diff erences in radial growth patterns among trees.
Cysteamine hydrochloride increases bodyweight and wool fibre length, improves feed conversion ratio and reduces methane yield in sheep

Developing processes which reduce enteric methane production without compromising animal productivity has become critical for sustainable livestock production. It was hypothesised that administrating cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) to sheep would decrease methane yield (MY) and plasma concentration of somatostatin (SRIF) while increasing bodyweight gain (BWG) and daily wool growth. In the first experiment, 30 Merino × Dorset lambs were randomly divided into three groups receiving different dosages of CSH; 0 mg/kg BW, 80 mg/kg BW daily, or 80 mg/kg BW every third day; for a period of 35 days. The effect on BWG, feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily wool growth, voluntary feed intake (VFI), and MY (g CH4/kg DM intake) were studied. Treatment with CSH daily increased BWG (P < 0.05) and daily wool growth (P < 0.05), improved FCR (P = 0.01), and reduced MY (P < 0.01). Administering CSH every 3 days increased BWG (P < 0.05) and reduced MY (P < 0.01). There was no CSH effect on VFI. In the second experiment, CSH equivalent to 80 mg/kg BW was administered once to eight Merino × Dorset lambs. Blood samples were collected at –24, –16, 0, 2, 8, 24, and 48 h of administration. Plasma concentrations of SRIF were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) within 2 h of CSH ingestion and remained at reduced levels 48 h after administration. These results show that CSH rapidly reduces plasma SRIF concentration, which is likely to leading to an increase in animal production traits while reducing enteric MY. This experiment constitutes a novel and potentially significant investigation into the control of livestock greenhouse gas emissions while increasing livestock productivity.
Importance of the Conserved Aromatic Residues in the Scorpion α-Like Toxin BmK M1

About one-third of the amino acid residues conserved in all scorpion long chain Na+ channel toxins are aromatic residues, some of which constitute the so-called “conserved hydrophobic surface. ” At present, in-depth structure-function studies of these aromatic residues using site-directed mutagenesis are still rare. In this study, an effective yeast expression system was used to study the role of seven conserved aromatic residues (Tyr5, Tyr14, Tyr21, Tyr35, Trp38, Tyr42, and Trp47) from the scorpion toxin BmK M1. Using site-directed mutagenesis, all of these aromatic residues were individually substituted with Gly in association with a more conservative substitution of Phe for Tyr5, Tyr14, Tyr35, or Trp47. The mutants, which were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S-78 cells, were then subjected to a bioassay in mice, electrophysiological characterization on cloned Na+ channels (Nav1.5), and CD analysis. Our results show an eye-catching correlation between the LD50 values in mice and the EC50 values on Nav1.5 channels in oocytes, indicating large mutant-dependent differences that emphasize important specific roles for the conserved aromatic residues in BmK M1. The aromatic side chains of the Tyr5, Tyr35, and Trp47 cluster protruding from the three-stranded β-sheet seem to be essential for the structure and function of the toxin. Trp38 and Tyr42 (located in the β2-sheet and in the loop between the β2- and β3-sheets, respectively) are most likely involved in the pharmacological function of the toxin.
Cocoa flavanols and cardioprotective effects Which flavanols may contribute to cardiovascular health

Summary Regular cocoa consumption decreases blood pressure, improves vascular elasticity, and exerts beneficial effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. These effects are attributed to flavanols. However, the question which flavanols in cocoa may be res ponsible for these effects has not been clarified yet. The flavanols’ bioavailability differs strongly: procyanidins are rarely bioavailable; catechin is bioavailable, but much less than epicatechin. Only the administration of isolated epicatechin, but not catechin, en hanced vascular elasticity in rats. Regression analyses have shown that blood pressure reduction depends on epicatechin intake with the cocoa product and improvement in vascular elasticity on the concentration of epicatechin in plasma, but not on those of catechin. Therefore, epicatechin seems to be responsible for the cardioprotective ef fects of cocoa. This should be investigated by intervention studies administrating isola