Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lumbar Spine Computed Tomography to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Synthesis Using Generative Adversarial Network: Visual Turing Test

(1) Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of spinal diseases, especially degenerative spinal diseases. MRI is mainly used to diagnose most spinal diseases because it shows a higher resolution than CT to distinguish lesions of the spinal canals and intervertebral discs. When it is inevitable for CT to be selected instead of MR in evaluating spinal disease, evaluation of spinal disease may be limited. In these cases, it is very helpful to diagnose spinal disease with MR images synthesized with CT images. (2) Objective: To create synthetic lumbar magnetic resonance (MR) images from computed tomography (CT) scans using generative adversarial network (GAN) models and assess how closely the synthetic images resembled the true images using visual Turing tests (VTTs). (3) Material and Methods: Overall, 285 patients aged ≥ 40 years who underwent lumbar CT and MRI were enrolled. Based on axial CT and T2-weighted axial MR images from 285 patients, an image synthesis model using a GAN was trained using three algorithms (unsupervised, semi-supervised, and supervised methods). Furthermore, VTT to determine how similar the synthetic lumbar MR images generated from lumbar CT axial images were to the true lumbar MR axial images were conducted with 59 patients who were not included in the model training. For the VTT, we designed an evaluation form comprising 600 randomly distributed axial images (150 true and 450 synthetic images from unsupervised, semi-supervised, and supervised methods). Four readers judged the authenticity of each image and chose their first- and second-choice candidates for the true image. In addition, for the three models, structural similarities (SSIM) were evaluated and the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) was compared among the three methods. (4) Results: The mean accuracy for the selection of true images for all four readers for their first choice was 52.0% (312/600). The accuracies of determining the true image for each reader’s first and first + second choices, respectively, were as follows: reader 1, 51.3% and 78.0%; reader 2, 38.7% and 62.0%, reader 3, 69.3% and 84.0%, and reader 4, 48.7% and 70.7%. In the case of synthetic images chosen as first and second choices, supervised algorithm-derived images were the most often selected (supervised, 118/600 first and 164/600 second; semi-supervised, 90/600 and 144/600; and unsupervised, 80/600 and 114/600). For image quality, the supervised algorithm received the best score (PSNR: 15.987 ± 1.039, SSIM: 0.518 ± 0.042). (5) Conclusion: This was the pilot study to apply GAN to synthesize lumbar spine MR images from CT images and compare training algorithms of the GAN. Based on VTT, the axial MR images synthesized from lumbar CT using GAN were fairly realistic and the supervised training algorithm was found to provide the closest image to true images.
C-Reactive Protein and the Outcome of a Pediatric Emergency Department 7 Days Revisit

Background Pediatric emergency department (PED) return visits represent an important quality of care metric and constitute a patient-centered outcome. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory biomarker that is commonly used as screening tool in the PED. In this study, we assessed the clinical outcomes of children whose levels of CRP are 150 mg/L or higher at the initial PED visit and if such levels could be useful in predicting outcomes at a second PED visit. Methods A historical cohort study of all patients who visited the PED between July 2007 and June 2017 and had a CRP value of 150 mg/L or greater in the setting of a febrile illness. Data of patients with a return visit to the PED within 7 days were assessed for an association between laboratory values, diagnosis and clinical outcome. Results One hundred thirty-six index visits were included in this study. One hundred fifteen (84.6%) of the revisits were discharged after their second visit, and 21 (15.4%) were admitted to the inpatient unit. Admitted patients did not differ from patients who were discharged home in diagnosis and CRP levels, but a difference in white blood cell and absolute neutrophil counts was observed. Conclusions The intensity of the inflammatory response, as expressed by the high concentrations of CRP in children, does not seem to predict the outcome at a repeat PED visit within 7 days.
How SMEs benefit from environmental sustainability strategies and practices

ABSTRACT There is considerable literature on sustainability, but studies that specifically address small and medium-sized business enterprises (SMEs) are limited. This paper addresses the gap in current quantitative research concerning the link between environmental sustainability and performance in SMEs. Stakeholder and neo-institutional theories and resource-based view are used as underpinnings to hypothesise relationships between relational motives, internal sustainable environmental strategies, and operational, economic, and environmental performance in SMEs. We statistically analyse survey data completed by a sample of 49 SMEs in the Houston, Texas metropolitan area by applying regression path analysis, bootstrapped with . 95 CI (Bias Corrected and Accelerated) of 2000 samples on all regressions. The results show significant relationships between (1) the relational motives and sustainable internal environmental strategies and (2) sustainable internal environmental management strategies and operational, economic, and environmental performance in the sampled SMEs. Conclusions from the results, managerial and theoretical implications, limitations, and future research opportunities are discussed.
Manufacturer’s online selling strategies under spillovers from online to offline sales

Abstract In this paper, we investigate a manufacturer’s online selling strategy choice between wholesale selling and agency selling, and discuss its impact in the presence of spillovers from online to offline sales. We find that the manufacturer’s optimal online selling strategies vary with consumers’ online channel acceptance and the extent of the spillover effect. In particular, when the online channel acceptance is high, the manufacturer prefers the agency selling strategy. When the online channel acceptance is moderate, if the sale in the online channel leads to a negative spillover effect on demand in the offline channel, the manufacturer has an incentive to adopt the wholesale selling strategy; otherwise, the agency selling strategy is a preferred choice for the manufacturer. When the online channel acceptance is low, if the sale in the online channel leads to a significant negative or a positive spillover effect on demand in the offline channel, the manufacturer should adopt the agency selling strategy; otherwise, reselling the products to an e-tailer is an optimal choice. Moreover, under certain conditions, we find a “win-win-win” result for the manufacturer, the offline retailer, and the online platform by adopting the agency selling strategy. Finally, we show that two types of spillover (i.e., stimulation effect and cannibalization effect) have different influences on supply chain participants.
Dialogue intervention for youth amidst intractable conflict attenuates neural prejudice response and promotes adults’ peacemaking

Abstract Humans’ dependence on group living has led to the formation of tenacious, often nonconscious negative perceptions of other social groups, a phenomenon termed “intergroup bias” that sustains one of the world’s most imminent problem: intergroup conflicts. Adolescents’ participation in intergroup conflicts has been continuously on the rise, rendering the need to devise interventions that can mitigate some of their deleterious effects on youth an urgent societal priority. Framed within the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and targeting youth, we implemented a dialogue-enhancing intervention for adolescents (16 to 18 years) reared amidst intractable conflict that builds on social synchrony and the neurobiology of affiliation. Implementing a randomized controlled trial design, before and after the 8-week intervention adolescents underwent magnetoencephalography to assess a neural marker of implicit prejudice and interviewed on their attitudes toward the conflict. Adolescents who received the intervention showed attenuation of the neural prejudice response, as indexed by sustained occipital alpha that was significantly reduced at post-intervention and adopted attitudes of peacemaking. Change in the neural prejudice response predicted attitudes of compromise and support in peacebuilding 7 years later, when young adults can already engage in active civil duties and responsibilities. These results underscore adolescence as a window of opportunity for enhancing inter-group dialogue and demonstrate the long-term associations between the neural evaluation of prejudice and self-reported measures of proclivity for compromise and peace in the context of an intractable century-long conflict.
Sensing Technology Applications in the Mining Industry—A Systematic Review

Introduction Industry 4.0 has enhanced technological development in all fields. Currently, one can analyse, treat, and model completely different variables in real time; these include production, environmental, and occupational variables. Resultingly, there has been a significant improvement in the quality of life of workers, the environment, and in businesses in general, encouraging the implementation of continuous improvement measures. However, it is not entirely clear how the mining industry is evolving alongside this industrial evolution. With this in mind, this systematic review aimed to find sensing technology applications within this sector, in order to assist the mining industry in its goal to evolve digitally. Methodology: The research and reporting of this article were carried out by means of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results and discussion: A total of 29 papers were included in the study, with sensors being applied in several fields, namely safety, management, and localisation. Three different implementation phases were identified regarding its execution: prototype, trial, and (already) implemented. The overall results highlighted that many mechanisms are in need of improvement in underground settings. This might be due to the fact that underground mining has particular safety challenges. Conclusions: Ventilation and mapping are primary issues to be solved in the underground setting. With regard to the surface setting, the focus is directed toward slope stability and ways of improving it regarding monitoring and prevention. The literature screening revealed a tendency in these systems to keep advancing in technologically, becoming increasingly more intelligent. In the near future, it is expected that a more technologically advanced mining industry will arise, and this will be created and sustained by the optimisation of processes, equipment, and work practices, in order to improve both the quality of life of people and the health of the environment.
Cluster Evolution and a Roadmap for Future Research

There is increasing recognition that the existence of clusters can only be understood when studying their dynamics over time (Audretsch and Feldman 1996; Pouder and St. John 1996; Swann et al. 1998; Maggioni 2002; Brenner 2004; Iammarino and McCann 2006; Menzel and Fornahl 2010; Ter Wal and Boschma 2011). In fact, clusters may be best understood as products of a path-dependent process (Martin and Sunley 2006). In that context, scholars have described the main features of cluster development over time, and have explored the driving forces behind their evolution. In their seminal contribution, Menzel and Fornahl (2010) proposed a cluster life cycle model in which firms enter and exit the cluster, capabilities of cluster firms develop and interact (and might converge), and inter-organizational linkages within and beyond the cluster are established and dissolved along the cluster life cycle.
Factors Associated with Home Food Environment in Low-Income Overweight or Obese Pregnant Women

Limited research has examined factors associated with home food availability. This study investigated the associations among demographics, body mass index category, stress, and home food availability among low-income overweight or obese pregnant women. This cross-sectional study enrolled 332 participants who were non-Hispanic black or white. We performed logistic regression modeling for unprocessed food, processed food, overall ultra-processed food, and three subcategories of ultra-processed food (salty snacks, sweet snacks and candies, and soda). Black women were less likely than white women to have large amounts of processed foods (OR = 0.56), salty snacks (OR = 0.61), and soda (OR = 0.49) available at home. Women with at least some college education or at least a college education were more likely to have large amounts of unprocessed food (OR = 2.58, OR = 4.38 respectively) but less likely to have large amounts of soda (OR = 0.44; OR = 0.22 respectively) available at home than their counterparts. Women with higher stress were less likely to have large amounts of unprocessed food available at home (OR = 0.58) than those with lower stress. Home food availability varied by race, education, and levels of stress in low-income overweight or obese pregnant women.
Discovery of a Hidden Schistosomiasis Endemic in the Salamat Region of Chad, Africa

A mobile medical team used numerous time- and cost-saving techniques to provide therapeutic and preventive chemotherapy to nearly 12,000 patients while uncovering a hidden urogenital schistosomiasis endemic in the Salamat Region of Chad, Africa. Key Messages There is a 55% prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis among school-age children in the Salamat Region of Chad, Africa. These findings provide vital epidemiologic data and outline an efficient, culturally sensitive, and reproducible method for conducting mass chemotherapy campaigns in resource-limited settings. National stakeholders should continue to evaluate the local epidemiology of schistosomiasis and use that information to target preventive chemotherapy. Program managers can improve efficiency while maintaining efficacy by following requests and referrals to find areas of highest need, using convenience sampling for screening, employing simple but validated tools for treatment and data gathering, and working within cultural contexts to maximize impact. ABSTRACT There is currently a severe paucity of rural epidemiologic data on urogenital schistosomiasis in the Republic of Chad in north-central Africa that is hindering national control strategies. Our study describes a mobile medical team’s 4-year effort to collect data and provide mass therapeutic and preventive chemotherapy in the Salamat Region of Chad, a previously uninvestigated rural area. To overcome severe limitations in time, resources, support, and infrastructure, the team employed several time- and cost-saving techniques that included: (1) traveling by request and referral to utilize local knowledge to find the areas of highest need, (2) conducting convenience sampling for screening, (3) using simple but validated tools to expedite treatment and data gathering, and (4) working within cultural contexts to find and treat the most school-age children possible. The team managed a total of 11,832 patient encounters and found a 55% rate of hematuria (n=6,495) among school-age children, roughly double previous estimates. Rates of hematuria were higher in males (61%, n=3,955/6,466) than females (48%, n=2,301/4,806) and among adolescents (> 65% in all age groups aged 10 years and older). These methods outline an efficient and effective strategy implemented under real-world conditions to enact therapeutic and preventive chemotherapy campaigns in resource-limited settings by engaging village leadership and developing locally driven solutions. Our data highlight the need for continued local epidemiologic efforts to treat the substantial number of children severely affected with schistosomiasis.
DistriHD: A Memory Efficient Distributed Binary Hyperdimensional Computing Architecture for Image Classification

Hyper-Dimensional (HD) computing is a brain-inspired learning approach for efficient and fast learning on today's embedded devices. HD computing first encodes all data points to high-dimensional vectors called hypervectors and then efficiently performs the classification task using a well-defined set of operations. Although HD computing achieved reasonable performances in several practical tasks, it comes with huge memory requirements since the data point should be stored in a very long vector having thousands of bits. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel HD computing architecture, called DistriHD which enables HD computing to be trained and tested using binary hypervectors and achieves high accuracy in single-pass training mode with significantly low hardware resources. DistriHD encodes data points to distributed binary hypervectors and eliminates the expensive item memory in the encoder, which significantly reduces the required hardware cost for inference. Our evaluation also shows that our model can achieve a $27.6\times$ reduction in memory cost without hurting the classification accuracy. The hardware implementation also demonstrates that DistriHD achieves over $9.9\times$ and $28.8\times$ reduction in area and power, respectively.
Millennial’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)

Research on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) was carried out more than three decades ago. In 2025, the millennial generation will dominate the workforce, which has different characteristics from the previous generation. This literature review aims to map out research on OCB in the millennial generation in Indonesia, based on samples, objectives, determinant factors, and results of OCB in the millennial generation in Indonesia. This study uses the PRISMA method and uses data obtained from the Garuda portal, Google Scholar, and Science Direct restricted from 2015 and 2021. The results of this literature review are research maps on OCB in millennial subjects and are expected to provide a figure that can complement the existing OCB studies in the millennial generation. Based on the findings from the article, the OCB determinants found in the eight studies were external factors that the leader-member exchange, employee engagement, organizational culture, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, work-life balance, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, clan culture, affective commitment and need of affiliation. The results showed that all of the determinants of OCB studies in the millennial generation had a positive and significant influence.
Transmission attributes of Asian I Silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) modulating the spread of Chili leaf curl virus disease in Chili (Capsicum spp.)

Abstract A dose-response relationship was documented throughout two-year greenhouse trial on chili in 2019 and 2020 wherein varying acquisition and inoculation times affected Chili leaf curl virus (ChLCV) transmission significantly. Transmissions of ChLCV to the highest levels were statistically equal between 42 and 48 hours acquisition and inoculation. ChLCV transmission by female whiteflies is far superior to that by males. Acquisition and inoculation lasting more than 12 hours inflicted only 50% ChLCV transmission. In ChLCV transmission, a short acquisition with extended inoculation outperformed a long acquisition with short inoculation, emphasizing inoculation over acquisition. Infectivity of ChLCV in B. tabaci peaked at 2–3 days and got nil at 11 days. Studied B. tabacci was identified as Asian I Silverleaf whitefly by bioinformatics (100% identity on cytochrome oxidase I). Overall, the study will help chili growers learn more about the biology of Asian I Silverleaf whiteflies, and how to better manage them.
Rotational traction of soccer football shoes on a hybrid reinforced turf system and natural grass

Abstract Traction between a football shoe and the playing surface influences a players’ ability to perform football-specific movements. Too little traction means a player might slip. Too much traction is thought to increase the risk of injury due to foot fixation on the turf. Rotational traction is linked to increased injury risk in football. Elite football is increasingly played on hybrid reinforced natural grass playing surfaces. Our aim is to assess the magnitude of rotational traction of one new hybrid turf system and compare that to a natural grass (control) surface. Nine different Football shoes from three outsole groups (artificial grass, firm ground, soft ground) were loaded onto a portable shoe-surface traction machine to collect rotational traction data on two different playing surfaces (1. Natural Rye grass, 2. A hybrid reinforced turf system) at a single testing session. Peak rotational traction was significantly different across different shoe models (F = 379.8, df = 8, p < 0.0001) and shoe outsole groups (F = 387.4, df = 2, p < .0001). No significant difference was found between the natural grass surface and the hybrid reinforced turf system after considering the minimal detectable change (MDC) of the traction device. Wide-ranging differences in peak rotational traction were found across different individual soccer shoes and outsole groups. The Adidas Nemesis (AG) showed the lowest traction and the Nike Vision (SG) shoe had the highest traction (MD 28.7 N.m; 95% CIs 26.4–30.9; p < 0.0001). The artificial grass (AG) group showed the lowest traction values while the soft ground (SG) group the highest. This objective shoe-surface traction data can help with more informed footwear choices for football played on this type of hybrid playing surface to minimize the risk of lower extremity injury.
Study of Lignin Extracted from Rubberwood Using Microwave Assisted Technology for Fuel Additive

Lignin is the most abundant natural aromatic polymer, especially in plant biomass. Lignin-derived phenolic compounds can be processed into high-value liquid fuel. This study aimed to determine the yield of lignin by the microwave-assisted solvent extraction method and to characterize some essential properties of the extracted lignin. Rubberwood sawdust (Hevea brasiliensis) was extracted for lignin with an organic-based solvent, either ethanol or isopropanol, in a microwave oven operating at 2450 MHz. Two levels of power of microwave, 100 W and 200 W, were tested as well as five extraction times (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min). The extracted lignin was characterized by Klason lignin, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 2D HSQC NMR, Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), and Bomb calorimeter. The results showed that the yield of extracted lignin increased with the extraction time and power of the microwave. In addition, the extraction yield with ethanol was higher than the yield with isopropanol. The highest yield was 6.26 wt. %, with ethanol, 30 min extraction time, and 200 W microwave power.