Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphophysiological response of young olive trees to verticillium wilt under different surface drip irrigation regimes

The effects of irrigation on verticillium wilt in olive, in terms of morphological, biomass and physiological parameters were evaluated on pot-grown trees maintained in the field for 3 years. Plants inoculated and noninoculated with Verticillium dahliae were irrigated to high and low range of soil water content (HR and LR) at daily (DF; about 2 days/event), weekly (WF) and daily-weekly (DWF) drip-irrigation frequency. Morphological parameters, relative biomass and biomass water-use efficiency were higher at LR than at HR (with few exceptions) and at DF than at other frequencies in noninoculated and inoculated plants, but the fungus reduced those parameters by 17.0–38.5%. Lower root weight ratio, relative biomass and shoot length as area originated at HR in noninoculated plants, could be favourable to the accumulation of root infections and the amount of fungus per tissue length in inoculated plants because higher infection was known at HR. Moreover, higher aerial biomass and length promoted by irrigation at DF could prevent the more severe expression of symptoms, which occurred at WF and DWF in the presence of Verticillium. Negative correlations were found between indicated parameters and disease. Lower water stress (SΨ), and higher stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis at DF in noninoculated plants could limit the disease by improving water status, as SΨ was increased by the fungus only at WF and DWF, and gs and disease were negatively correlated. LR-DF treatment minimized the disease and kept the growth, water-use efficiency and physiological parameters in inoculated plants to levels close to noninoculated plants.
Pathogenic DDX3X Mutations Impair RNA Metabolism and Neurogenesis during Fetal Cortical Development

De novo germline mutations in the RNA helicase DDX3X account for 1-3% of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) cases in females, and are associated with autism, brain malformations, and epilepsy. Yet, the developmental and molecular mechanisms by which DDX3X mutations impair brain function are unknown. Here we use human and mouse genetics, and cell biological and biochemical approaches to elucidate mechanisms by which pathogenic DDX3X variants disrupt brain development. We report the largest clinical cohort to date with DDX3X mutations (n=78), demonstrating a striking correlation between recurrent dominant missense mutations, polymicrogyria, and the most severe clinical outcomes. We show that Ddx3x controls cortical development by regulating neuronal generation and migration. Severe DDX3X missense mutations profoundly disrupt RNA helicase activity and induce ectopic RNA-protein granules and aberrant translation in neural progenitors and neurons. Together, our study demonstrates novel mechanisms underlying DDX3X syndrome, and highlights roles for RNA-protein aggregates in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disease.
Aerial Photography and Videography for Detecting and Mapping Dicamba Injury Patterns

Field trials were conducted to compare on-site visual evaluations with color-infrared photography (CIR), and near-infrared (NIR) videography (video) and hand-held radiometry (HHR) for detecting and mapping dicamba injury in cotton. CIR, video, and HHR detected 48%, 42% and 36%, respectively, of the injured crop area as defined by visual evaluation (injury ratings >0 on a scale of 0 to 9). The remote techniques were unable to differentiate crop injury that did not involve the entire plant canopy. Reflectance measurements in the visible red (R) (630–690 nm) and NIR (760–900 nm) wavelengths were taken and used in herbicide dosage prediction equations. Predicted herbicide dosages were significantly, positively correlated (P≤0.01) with physical measures of herbicide present. These studies suggest that remote detection and mapping of moderate and severe herbicide injury is possible. Further, NIR videography, with near-real-time capability and low cost may be the system of choice for this type of application.
The plasmid profile in Leuconostoc oenos and the effect of sulfur dioxide on the kinetics of the growth and malolactic activity

Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. These are also available as one exposure on a standard 35mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic p rin t for an additional charge.
Genetic diversity analysis of the Mexican Lidia bovine breed population and its relation with the Spanish population by using a subset of SNPs under low gametic disequilibrium

Retaining features of the auroch ( Bos taurus primigenius) , the Lidia bovine is a primitive breed originated ~250 yr ago in the Iberian Peninsula, where is still distributed, along with France and several American countries. Selected upon a behavior, which enhances their aggressiveness; these bovines were raised to participate in popular festivities that nowadays reinforce the identity of regional cultures. Different festivities demanded diverse behavior patterns, prompting a fragmentation of the breed into small lineages. In Mexico, where these bovines reached high popularity, mainly two families of breeders imported Lidia bovines from Spain in the early XX century specializing their production either reproducing the new arrivals among them or realizing systematic crosses with local populations. Genetic diversity and structure of the Mexican and Spanish Lidia populations has been assessed with microsatellite data, but nowadays SNP molecular markers allows higher resolution level. Genetic diversity of the Mexican and Spanish Lidia populations and their relationship were assessed by using 573 SNPs with a low gametic disequilibrium (r 2 <0.01) from the 50K BeadChip on 468 individuals from both populations. In both populations, similar gene diversity values were observed. Significant F IS values in both populations means strong subdivision, higher F ST genetic distances were observed in the Spanish than in the Mexican population. Genetic structure analysis showed similarity of three Spanish lineages with Gonzalez family and some Llaguno breeders, but most Llaguno family clustered separated: genetic differentiation along with high gene diversity suggest an introgression of creole cattle in the constitution of the Mexican population.
Chromosome Karyotyping of Senna covesii and S. floribunda based on Triple–color FISH Mapping of rDNAs and Telomeric Repeats

The genus Senna in the family Fabaceae is distributed and cultivated around the world and has been used as sources of medicine and commercial goods. Molecular cytogenetic study based on FISH technique is useful for breeding and genomic research of the species. Triple-color FISH karyotype analyses were carried out to understand the genome structure of two Senna species, S. covesii (A. Gray) H. S. Irwin & Barneby and S. floribunda (Cav.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby using 5S rDNA, 45S rDNA, and telomeric repeat probes. Three and one pairs of 45S and 5S rDNA signals were detected, respectively, in S. covesii, whereas one pair each of 45S and 5S rDNA signals, were detected in S. floribunda. Telomeric signals appeared at all chromosome termini in both species. This result provides basic cytogenetic information which will be useful for future breeding and genomic research of Senna species.
Effect of humic acid amendment on cadmium bioavailability and accumulation by pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis L.) to alleviate dietary toxicity risk

ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil and its movement into food chain through vegetable dietary poses a risk to human health. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of humic acid (HA) and two cultivars of Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis L. (pak choi) with differing Cd accumulation abilities on Cd accumulation in different Cd contaminated Ferralsol, Histosol and Luvisol soils. The results showed that HA significantly increased soil pH and cation exchange capacity in Ferralsol (acidic) and Histosol (neutral) soils. HA was more effective in Ferralsol and Histosol soil in reducing bioavailable Cd and its accumulation in both cultivars. Low and high Cd accumulating cultivars combined with HA effectively reduced shoot Cd concentration by 7–34% and 19–35% in Histosol soil, whereas 22–34% and 11–26% in Ferralsol soil, respectively. However, no such reduction was observed for Cd accumulation and bioavailability in Cd-contaminated Luvisol (alkaline) soil. Application of HA enhanced shoot dry biomass in both cultivars grown in Histosol and Ferralsol soils. Therefore, the HA amendment combination with low Cd accumulating cultivars of pak choi could be an effective method for phytostabilization and reduce health risks associated with consuming this vegetable grown in Cd-contaminated acidic and neutral pH soils.
Variety of the Structures of Staphylococcus Cassette Chromosome Mec in Coagulase- negative Staphylococci and Their Effects on Drug Resistance

Background: In the past coagulase negative staphylococcus were often seen as contaminants, but were later considered one of the most common photogenic bacteria in the hospital over the last decade Identification of beta-lactam and particularly methicillin in hospitals is of concern. The fundamental principle for the treatment of CoNS is the rapid identification of resistance mechanisms particularly their resistance to methicillin. The objective of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance, the frequency of the mecA gene, and to determine the types of SCCmec in the CoNS isolates of from clinical isolates and control. Study Design: Point prevalence case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Breast milk samples were collected from (200) patients suffering from mastitis and 106 lactational women as control whom visit center of breast examination in hospital AlSadder –in NajafIraq, during the period from July/ 2015 to Jun/ 2016. The standard biochemical tests were used for all isolates are coagulase, catalase, oxidase, and modified oxidase the CoNS isolates, then diagnosed by vitek -2 technique and the antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out also by vitek-2 system. Then genomic isolate were extracted and mecA gene was detected by PCR technique, the types of SCCmec were performed by Original Research Article Aldeen and Meshkoor; JAMMR, 24(10): 1-11, 2017; Article no.JAMMR. 38128 2 RFLP-PCR. Results: Among the 62 breast milk isolates (50 mastitis, 12 control), identification of CoNS at the species level indicated that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common species, with 40 isolates, followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus (10), Staphylococcus hominis (12). All isolates appeared had mecA gene , no one harbored SCCmec type I, 8 (12.9%) harbored SCCmec type II, 12 (19.3%) harbored SCCmec type III, 30 (48.3%) harbored SCCmec type IV and 8 (12.9%) remained non-typable. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most isolates that harbored SCCmec type IV. Conclusion: The results showed that CoNS revealed high percentage of resistance to methicillin, and the type III, SCCmec type was the most prevalence type of which encodes the largest number of resistance genes. The study give the information could be used in epidemiological study for preventing of infectious control in hospital and health centers.
Functional DNA Aptamers as Biotherapeutic Molecules

II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . IV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . IX LIST OF TABLES . XIII LIST OF FIGURES . XIV Chapter 1 : Introduction . 1 1.1. Aptamers as therapeutics . 2 1.1.1. The SELEX procedure: A rapid strategy to identify short single strand synthetic oligonucleotides (aptamers) that recognize specific targets . 3 1.1.2. Cell-SELEX . 7 1.1.3. RNA versus DNA aptamers . 8 1.1. Aptamers as Inhibitors . 9 1.2.1. The role of TNFα in disease progression . 12 1.2.2. Inflammation and TNFα . 12 1.2.3. TNFα as a therapeutic target . 15 1.2. Aptamers can serve as intracellular delivery vehicles via their binding to known cancer-associated surface antigens . 15 1.3. 1. CD33 . 18 1.3. 2. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) . 21 1.3. 3. CA15-3 antigen, MUC1 peptides and Tn antigens . 24 1.3. Aptamer-guided delivery of payloads into cancer cells . 26 1.4. 1. Aptamer-drug conjugates. 28 1.4. 2. Aptamer-protein conjugates. 28 1.4. 3. Aptamer-radionuclide conjugates . 29 1.4. 4. Aptamer-nanostructure conjugates . 30 1.4. 5. Challenges facing the in vivo use of aptamers . 32 1.4. Thesis Hypotheses . 36 1.5. Specific Aims . 37 1.6. Chapter Overviews . 38 Chapter 2 . 39 2.1. Abstract . 40 2.2. Introduction . 41 2.1. Materials and Methods . 43 2.3. 1. Expression and purification of human TNFα. 43 2.3. 2. Aptamer selection screens. 44 2.3. 3. Aptamer-based enzyme linked binding assay. 45 2.3. 4. NF-κB luciferase reporter assay. 45 2.3. 5. Inhibition of TNFα induced cytotoxicity. 46 VII 2.3. 6. Surface plasmon resonance. 46 2.3. 7. Determination of aptamer concentration and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. 47 2.3. 8. Inhibition of TNFα induced NO production in macrophages. 48 2.3. 9. Analysis of VR11 ability to activate an innate immune response. 48 2.4. Results and Discussion . 49 2.4. 1. Identification of DNA aptamers directed at TNFα. 49 2.4. 2. DNA aptamer VR11 inhibits the binding of TNFα to its receptor. 54 2.4. 3. Structural features of DNA aptamer VR11. 60 2.4. 4. Immunogenicity of DNA aptamer VR11. 64 Chapter 3 . 66 Blocking the attachment of cancer cells in vivo with DNA aptamers displaying antiadhesive properties against the carcinoembryonic antigen . 66 3.0. Abstract . 67 3.
Effect of sulphur and plant-growth regulators on growth, yield and economics of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

A field experiment was carried out during summer 2014 at summer Junagadh, Gujarat, to study the effect of sulphur and plant-growth regulators on growth, yield and economics of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Sulphur fertilization up to 40 kg S/ha significantly increased plant height, dry-matter accumulation (60 days after sowing, DAS), total chlorophyll content (55 DAS) and mature pods/plant, whereas, dry-matter accumulation at 90 DAS and at harvesting, immature pods/plant, weight of mature and immature pods/plant, and 100-kernel weight increased significantly up to 20 kg S/ha. Significantly higher number of total and effective root nodules/plant (60 DAS), and shelling outturn were recorded at 40 kg S/ha over the control. Significantly higher pod and haulm yields were realized with the application of 20 kg S/ha by 21.9 and 13.0% over the control respectively. An additional net returns of 18.3 103/ha were obtained with the application of 40 kg S/ha in comparison to the control with the highest benefit: cost ratio (1.99:1). Maximum plant height, dry-matter accumulation (60 and 90 DAS, and at har- vesting), total chlorophyll content (55 DAS), number and weight of mature and immature pods/plant were recorded with the foliar spray of NAA @ 40 ppm twice at 25 and 50 DAS, whereas the maximum number of effective root nodules/plant at 60 DAS and 100-kernel weight were recorded with the application of GA @ 20 ppm twice at 25 3 and 50 DAS. Application of NAA @ 40 ppm twice at 25 and 50 DAS significantly enhanced the pod and haulm yields by 33.8 and 18.1% over the control, respectively, and was at par with GA @ 20 ppm twice at 25 and 50 3 DAS. In comparison to the control, the maximum additional net returns of 21.2 103/ha and benefit: cost ratio (2.01:1) were also obtained under this treatment.
Comparative genitalic morphology in ten genera of thread-legged bugs of the tribe Metapterini, and its phylogenetic importance (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

The assassin bug tribe Metapterini belongs to the subfamily Emesinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Morphologically, it is characterized by the conspicuous basal process of the posteroventral series in the foreleg and the presence of wing polymorphism, with a high proportion of the genera with micropterous or apterous species. Here, the male and female ectodermal genitalic structures are documented for ten genera and twenty-three species of Metapterini, including eight species of the speciose genus Ghilianella Spinola, 1850. Descriptions and digital macrophotographs are provided for abdominal segment 8, pygophore, parameres, and phallus of the male, and for tergite 8, tergite 9, gonocoxae, gonapophyses, gonoplac, and bursa copulatrix of the female. The asymmetric male genitalia within Emesinae are discussed. From this morphological documentation sixty six phylogenetic characters are coded, presented as a data matrix and analyzed cladistically, and their potential usefulness for resolving relationships among Metapterini is discussed.
Impacts of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculation Configurations on Vegetative Growth, Nodulation and Yield of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]

The main objective of this study is determine the responses of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L). Verdc. ] to application methods of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria inoculant and time of sowing after inoculation in Agbani area of Enugu, South East Nigeria. Field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology in 2015 and 2016 planting season. The experiment was a 2 × 3 factorial trial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of two different rhizobacteria inoculant application methods (seed applied method and soil applied method) and three different periods of sowing after inoculation (0 min, 15 mins and 30 mins) in all possible combinations (six treatment The obtained results revealed that Bambara groundnut cultivated on soils fertilized with ten grams of rhizobacteria inoculant per planting hole significantly (p < 0.05) had highest vegetative growth, number of nodules per plant and yield traits in both planting season. The main effect of time of sowing indicated that plants sown 30 minutes after inoculation significantly (p < 0.05) gave the tallest plants and leaf area index per plant in 2015 and 2016 planting season than the other time regime. The interaction effect of rhizobacteria inoculant application methods and time of sowing after inoculation were observed to be significant (p < 0.05) in 2015 and 2016 planting season. The results showed that the plants on soil with combined use of soil applied method of inoculation treatment and 30 minutes after inocualtion before planting significantly (p < 0.05) had the highest vegetative growth, number of nodules per plant and yield parameters than the other interaction effect. The combined use of soil applied method of inoculation treatment and 30 minutes after inocualtion before planting is recommended for the cultivation of Bambara groundnut in Agbani Area South East Nigeria. Keywords— Bambara groundnut, growth, nodulation, phosphate fertilizer, rhizobacteria inoculant, yield.
Tumor Lipid Metabolism

Introduction Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows detection of abnormal profiles of aqueous phospholipid derivatives and mobile neutral lipids in cancer cells and tissues at preclinical and clinical level. Progressive elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these spectral features gives access to novel insights on molecular cancer biology and allows the identification of noninvasive biomarkers of in vivo tumor progression and therapy response [1-11]. In particular, integration of molecular imaging with genomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches point to an aberrant choline phospholipid metabolism as an emerging hallmark of cancer, beyond its large phenotypic variability. The altered profiles of MRS-detected choline-containing compounds (MRS-Cho) in cancer result from multiple links with oncogenic signalling pathways and interaction with molecular mechanisms of tumor adaptation to its microenvironment. Quantification of the aberrant phospholipid and neutral lipid profiles in cancer cells and tissues is relevant to a better understanding of the relationships between MR spectral features and the modifications of gene expression associated with tumor progression and response to therapy.
Floral diversity in gram fields of Tehsil Serai Naurang, district Lakki Marwat, Pakistan.

Fifty (50) weed species belonging to 43 genera and 20 different families were collected from the Gram fields of Tehsil Serai Naurang during 2013-14. The leading families were Asteraceae and Poaceae with 6 species (12%) each, the runners were Boraginaceae and Papilionaceae having five species (10%) each, Brassicaceae contributed 8% with four species while Solanaceae, Zygophylaceae and Caryophylaceae had 3 species each (6%). Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Fumariaceae contained two species each (4%). Asphodelaceae, Azoaceae, Convulvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae and Umbilifereae had only one species each (2%). According to the percentage of genera, Papilionaceae and Poaceae were with five genera (11.2%). Asteraceae, Boraginaceae and Brassicacea made 9.3% each and had four genera while Zygophylaceae had 3 genera (7%). Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Caryophylaceae, and Fumariaceae contribution was 4.7% each and had two genera. Asphodelaceae, Azoaceae, Chenopodiaceae Convulvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae and Umbilifereae included only one Genus each (2.3%). The weeds data in gram fields revealed that Monocots were from three families (15%), eight genera (16.2%) and eight species (16%) while dicots were represented by 17 families (85%), 36 genera (36.8%) and 42 species (84%). The most abundant weeds were Astragalus bakaliensis Bunge, Trigonella spp. , Asphodelus teunifolius Caven, Medicago monantha (C.A.Mey.) Trautv. , Trigonella incise, Medicago denticulata, Silene arenosa C. Koch, Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Poa supina Schrad. , Psamogeton biternatum and Onosma chitrallichum. Among these Astragalus bakaliensis Bunge, Trigonella sp. , Asphodelus teunifolius Caven, Psamogeton biternatum, Onosma chitrallichum were the most problematic because of intra specific competition, abundant seed production, drought tolerance ability and seed dispersal mechanisms.