Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronan cisplatin conjugate in five dogs with soft tissue sarcomas

Rachel O. Venable, DVM; Deanna Worley, DVM; Daniel Gustafson, Ryan Hansen, E. J. Ehrhart, DVM; Daniel Aires MD; Shuang Cai, PhD; Mark Cohen, MD; Laird Forrest, PhD From the Department of Clinical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (Venable, Worley, Gustafson, and Hansen); the Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 (Aires); the Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 (Cohen); and the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047 (Cai and Forrest) Presented in abstract form at the 2011 Annual Conference of Veterinary Cancer Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico, November 5, 2011. Support in part by the National Institutes of Health, and the American Cancer Society, and NanoPharm LLC. Address correspondence to Dr. Rachel Venable at Rachel.Venable@colostate.edu
The Concentration and Fluorescence of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in Glacial and Nonglacial Catchments: Interpreting Hydrological Flow Routing and DOC Sources

Abstract The concentration and fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from surface waters in glacial and nonglacial catchments were used to investigate the provenance of DOC and flow routing of runoff from glacial and nonglacial environments. Seasonal trends in DOC concentration and fluorescence in the Bow River indicate that DOC in nonglacial runoff originates primarily from soil and plant organic matter that is flushed to the stream by shallow subsurface flow at the onset of snowmelt. Snowmelt in ice-free areas of the glacial catchment also appears to be routed through the shallow subsurface, but this snowmelt runoff has much less contact with organic soils or litter, than snowmelt runoff from the nonglacial catchment. The fluorescence of DOC in the Glacial stream in summer (when most runoff originates from ice-covered areas), suggests that DOC from glaciated regions is more “microbial” in character than that derived from ice-free areas. Summer rainstorms in the Glacial catchment flushed DOC derived from catchment soils and plants by displacing concentrated pre-event waters from the shallow subsurface to the stream.
Comparison of photosynthetic properties of field-grown pitaya between in summer and winter conditions.

Diurnal changes in the contents of organic acids, carbohydrates, and activities of two enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating, NADP+) (ME), were compared between summer and winter conditions in a crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant, pitaya. Preliminary experiments showed that pitaya’s PEPC required Mn2+ but not Mg2+, and exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.0, in contrast to the PEPCs of some other plants. Analyses of sap revealed that sucrose was the loading sugar in pitaya. In summer, the diurnal changes in the contents of organic acids and starch in pitaya were typical of starch-using CAM plants. In addition, no phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity was detected, and high levels of starch, but not of hexose, accumulated. These results indicate that pitaya belongs to the MEstarch type among the four kinds of CAM plants. In winter, the levels of these substances (including sucrose) decreased, and there were no clear CAM-type diurnal changes. In particular, we did not detect malate accumulation during the night, degradation of malate during the day, or starch accumulation during the day. This may have resulted from decreased enzyme activities and lack of C3 photosynthesis during the day. Thus, since pitaya displays a reduced capacity for CO2 fixation in winter, it cannot store nutrients during this period.
Vertical Control and Price Cycles in Gasoline Retailing

We examine Norwegian gasoline pump prices using daily station‐specific observations from 2003 to 2006. The four big gasoline companies use a vertical restraint that is adopted industry‐wide (labeled price support). This moves price control from the hands of independent retailers into the hands of the headquarters. Retail gasoline prices follow a fixed weekly pattern, where we observe de facto simultaneous decision‐making by the headquarters (without knowledge of their rivals’ prices) when every Monday around noon they decide to increase pump prices to the same level. The price level on Mondays corresponds to the recommended prices published by the headquarters of the gasoline companies.
XXV.—Metamorphism in Relation to Structure in the Scottish Highlands

The main object of tho present paper is the consideration of the structure of the Central and S.W. Highlands as shown up by the metamorphic condition of the beds. This metamorphic condition has boon studied over the length and breadth of the country, mapped and deduced from very many outcrops in all districts. Sometimes it was possible to superpose the the details respecting the metamorphism upon the 1-inch maps of the Geological Survey, but in many other cases the areas were mapped upon the 6-inch scale. Naturally this work has taken a long time, for it has necessitated the collection of many thousands of specimens, and nearly 3000 rocks have been sliced and examined, since it is not always possible to define the limits of a metamorphic zone with precision by field work alone, and many rock types were encountered that rendered a more careful study advisable than was possible from the mere examination of a hand specimen.
Sticky Incentives and Dynamic Agency

I explicitly derive the optimal dynamic incentive contract in a general continuous time agency problem where inducing static first-best action is not always optimal. My framework generates two dynamic contracts new to the literature: (1) a ``quiet-life arrangement and (2) a suspension-based endogenously renegotiating contract. Both contractual forms induce a mixture of first-best and non-first-best action. These contracts capture common features in many real life arrangements such as ``up-or-out , partnership, tenure, hidden compensation and suspension clauses. In applications, I explore the effects of taxes, bargaining and renegotiation on optimal contracting. My technical work produces a new type of incentive scheme I call sticky incentives which underlies the optimal, infrequent-monitoring approach to inducing a mixture of first-best and non-first-best action. Furthermore, I show how differences in patience between the principal and agent factor into optimal contracting.
The growing use of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist: Lessons learned at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, Cameroon

Background: Safe childbirth remains a daunting challenge, particularly in low middle-income countries, where most pregnancy-related deaths occur. Cameroon's maternal mortality rate, estimated at 529 per 100,000 live births in 2017 is signi�cantly high. The WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) was designed to improve the quality of care provided to pregnant women during childbirth. It was implemented at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital to improve the quality of care during childbirth. Methods: A retrospective study to determine the adoption rate of the SCC and its association with maternal (eclampsia, perineal tears, post-partum haemorrhage) and neonatal (foetal death, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal death) complications. Data was collected six months after the introduction of the SCC at the maternity. The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, while the student's T-test was used to compare continuous variables. Results: Out of 1611 deliveries conducted, 1001 records were found, giving a retrieval rate of 62%. Twenty-�ve records were excluded. During the study period, checklists were used in 828 of 976 clinical notes, giving a mean adoption rate of 84.8% and utilization rate of 93.9% at six months. Severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia were associated with the non-use of SCC (2.1% Vs 5.4%, p = 0.017). Stillbirth, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal death rates were not statistically different between checklist and non-checklist groups. However, in all neonatal outcomes, the proportion of complications was less when the checklist was used. Conclusion: The use of the safe childbirth checklist was associated with signi�cantly reduced pregnancy complications, especially reducing severe pre-eclampsia/ and eclampsia. The use of the safe childbirth checklist increased to 93.9% of all deliveries within six months. We advocate for the use of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist in maternity units.
Toward a Civil Society: Civic Literacy and Service Learning

The Need for a Civil Society The Concept of the Civil Society and Weak and Strong Democracy Service Learning Service Learning as Volunteerism and the Neo-Conservative Theory of Civic Literacy Service Learning as Experiential Education and Consumerist Politics Service Learning as Justice Service Learning and Strong Democracy A Community-Development Approach to Service-Learning Principles and Best Practices of Campus and Community Partnership The Social Responsibilities of Higher Education References Index
Nonholonomic distance to polygonal obstacles for a car-like robot of polygonal shape

This paper shows how to compute the nonholonomic distance between a polygonal car-like robot and polygonal obstacles. The solution extends previous work of Reeds and Shepp by finding the shortest path to a manifold (rather than to a point) in configuration space. Based on optimal control theory, the proposed approach yields an analytic solution to the problem
Bank Loans, Bonds, and Information Monopolies Across the Business Cycle

Theory suggests that banks' private information about borrowers lets them hold up borrowers for higher interest rates. Since hold-up power increases with borrower risk, banks with exploitable information should be able to raise their rates in recessions by more than is justified by borrower risk alone. We test this hypothesis by comparing the pricing of loans for bank-dependent borrowers with the pricing of loans for borrowers with access to public debt markets, controlling for risk factors. Loan spreads rise in recessions, but firms with public debt market access pay lower spreads and their spreads rise significantly less in recessions. Copyright (c) 2008 by The American Finance Association.
Bogolyubov Approximation for Diagonal Model of an Interacting Bose Gas

We study, using the Bogolyubov approximation, the thermodynamic behaviour of a superstable Bose system whose energy operator in the second-quantized form contains a nonlinear expression in the occupation numbers operators. We prove that for all values of the chemical potential satisfying µ > λ(0), where λ(0) ≤ 0 is the lowest energy value, the system undergoes Bose–Einstein condensation. 1. Exactly solvable models of strongly interacting bosons could be helpful in understanding the nature of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) and superflu-idity in interacting Bose gases. In this paper we study the thermodynamic behavior of some theoretically relevant system of Bose particles. The considered model has rather simplified character. Researches related to similar models are connected with the attempt to consider the effect of excitation-excitation coupling in Bogolyubov theory. The aim of this paper is to consider a model of Bose gas with diagonal interaction which shows an independent on temperature BEC. This kind of BEC was theoretically discovered by Bru and Zagrebnov for some specific Bose system with diagonal interactions [1,2]. Here we study a nonlinear modification of the Bru–Zagrebnov model. Furthermore we want to clear up the influence of high
Upper mantle velocity structure beneath the Tibetan Plateau from Pn travel time tomography

We inverted 1510 P arrival times from regional distances (333–1600 km), in and around the Tibetan Plateau to map the lateral velocity variation within the uppermost mantle. Previous studies have placed first-order constraints on upper mantle velocities but relied on data recorded almost exclusively at stations outside of the plateau. We improve resolution by using 40 events recorded at stations within the Tibetan Plateau. We combine these data with observations obtained from the International Seismological Centre (ISC) to extend our coverage by including Pn arrivals from 85 additional plateau events, relocated in previous studies, and recorded at stations in and around the Tibetan Plateau. We use synthetic travel time data to evaluate the resolution of our data set. The observations provide good resolution to about 1° over most of the plateau and surrounding regions. Our results show average Pn velocities that are about 3% lower in the northern plateau relative to the southern plateau. These variations correlate well with major tectonic features and previous geophysical observations. In the Qiangtang terrane of the northern plateau, an area known to be inefficient for Sn propagation, Pn is slow relative to both the plateau south of the Banggong-Nujiang suture and the tectonically stable Tarim basin north of the plateau. This is strong evidence for the existence of partial melt within the uppermost mantle beneath the northern Tibetan Plateau. However, when laboratory estimates of relationships between temperature, velocity, and attenuation are applied, a relatively small temperature variation (240° to 370°C) is required to explain our Pn velocity observations. When combined with geochemical constraints from volcanics in the northern plateau, our results strongly suggest that the mantle lid is intact beneath the northern plateau. This result would preclude tectonic models involving wholesale delamination of the mantle lithosphere in the northern Tibetan Plateau.
Improved Forecasts of the Diurnal Cycle in the Tropics Using Multiple Global Models. Part I: Precipitation

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite supplemented with the Defense Meteorological Satellites Program (DMSP) microwave dataset provides accurate rain-rate estimates. Furthermore, infrared radiances from the geostationary satellites provide the possibility for mapping the diurnal change of tropical rainfall. Modeling of the phase and amplitude of the tropical rainfall is the theme of this paper. The present study utilizes a suite of global multimodels that are identical in all respects except for their cumulus parameterization algorithms. Six different cumulus parameterizations are tested in this study. These include the Florida State University (FSU) Modified Kuo Scheme (KUO), Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Relaxed Arakawa–Schubert Scheme (RAS1), Naval Research Laboratory–Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NRL–NOGAPS) Relaxed Arakawa–Schubert Scheme (RAS2), NCEP Simplified Arakawa–Schubert Scheme (SAS), NCAR Zhang–McFarlane Scheme (ZM), and NRL–NOGAPS Emanuel Scheme (ECS). The authors carried out nearly 600 experiments with these six versions of the T170 Florida State University global spectral model. These are 5-day NWP experiments where the diurnal change datasets were archived at 3-hourly intervals. This study includes the estimation of skills of the phase and amplitudes of the diurnal rain using these member models, their ensemble mean, a multimodel superensemble, and those from a single unified model. Test results are presented for the global tropics and for some specific regions where the member models show difficulty in predicting the diurnal change of rainfall. The main contribution is the considerable improvement of the modeling of diurnal rain by deploying a multimodel superensemble and by constructing a single unified model. The authors also present a comparison of these findings on the modeling of diurnal rain from another suite of multimodels that utilized different versions of cloud radiation algorithms (instead of different cumulus parameterization schemes) toward defining the suite of multimodels. The principal result is that the superensemble does provide a future forecast for the total daily rain and for the diurnal change of rain through day 5 that is superior to forecasts provided by the best model. The training of the superensemble with good observed estimates of rain, such as those from TRMM, is necessary for such forecasts.
Observations of rock spectral classes by the Opportunity rover's Pancam on northern Cape York and on Matijevic Hill, Endeavour Crater, Mars

The Opportunity rover's exploration of the portion of the rim of Endeavour crater known as Cape York included examination of the sulfate‐bearing Grasberg formation and the Matijevic Hill region. Multispectral visible and near‐infrared (VNIR) Pancam observations were used to characterize reflectance properties of rock units. Using spectral end‐member detection and classification approaches including a principal components/n‐dimensional visualization, automatic sequential maximum angle convex cone method, and classification through hierarchical clustering, six main spectral classes of rock surfaces were identified: light‐toned veins, Grasberg fm. , the smectite‐bearing Matijevic formation, the hematitic “blueberry” spherules, resistant spherules within the Matijevic fm. dubbed “newberries,” and the Shoemaker formation impact breccia. Some of these could be divided into spectral subclasses. There were three types of veins: veins in the bench unit of Cape York, thinner veins in the Matijevic fm. , and boxwork pattern‐forming veins. The bench unit veins had higher 535 nm band depths than the other two vein subclasses and a steeper 934 to 1009 nm slope. The Grasberg fm. has VNIR spectral features that are interpreted to indicate higher fractions of red hematite than in the sulfate‐bearing Burns Fm. The Matijevic fm. includes both light‐toned, fine‐grained matrix, and dark‐toned veneers. The latter has a weak near‐infrared absorption band centered near 950 nm consistent with nontronite. Observations of Rock Abrasion Tool brushed and ground newberries indicated that cuttings from the RAT grind had a longer wavelength reflectance maximum and deeper 535 nm band depth, consistent with more oxidized materials. Greater oxidation of cementing materials in the newberries is consistent with a diagenetic concretion origin.
Peryglacjalna zwietrzelina gliniasta Doliny Chęcińskiej w Górach Świętokrzyskich

PERIGLACIAL WEATHERED CLAYS OF THE CHĘCINY VALLEY, HOLY CROSS MTS (CENTRAL POLAND) Summary The study aim is the reconstruction of the origin and stratigraphic position of clays which cover Palaeozoic rocks of the Checiny Valley. The analysed area is located in the western part of the Holy Cross Mts. , within the Kielce Unit of the Holy Cross Anticlinorium. The valley cuts Lower Cambrian shales, and Middle Devonian limestones and dolomites. The bedrock is covered by deposits considered as boulder clays of the South Polish Glaciations. Morphological properties of these sediments and the fact that they lack Scandinavian rocks (Fig. 2) cast doubts on the published views regarding the origin and age of the clays. The clays were dated by thermoluminescence method and the results (vide Fig. 1) enable one to infer that they represent periglacial weathered covers, formed in situ during the Vistulian glacial stage.
Nocturnal Noise Levels and Edge Impacts on Amphibian Habitats Adjacent to Kuranda Range Road

[Extract] This project was designed to collect nocturnal noise level data in habitats adjacent to streams along the Kuranda Range Road. The research complemented a concurrent study investigating frog population densities and vocalizations in habitats likely to be impacted by the proposed upgrade to the Kuranda Range Road. It quantified traffic-noise impacts in likely anuran habitats adjacent to the existing Kuranda Range Road by data-logging and analysing nocturnal noise levels along streams concurrently surveyed for frog populations.
Revisiting the Sovereignty of Social Cognition: Finally Some Action

For lay psychologists, airport bookstores have traditionally been an uninspiring place to hang out. While perusal of the shelves reliably reveals the secrets of wealth management, dietary restraint and enviable abdominal muscles, it rarely returns much in the way of genuine psychological wisdom. Or at least that was the case until quite recently. Now, outlets are packed with products offering insights into the nature and vagaries of the human condition. For example, if you want to know why winning the lottery makes you feel less happy than you had imagined, what the contents of your bedroom reveal about your inner personality, and how to overcome the perils of procrastination, simply pay a visit to the bookstore next time your flight is delayed (e.g., Ariely, 2008; Gilbert, 2007; Gosling, 2008). Social psychology is everywhere, with much of the available material focusing on the topic of the current chapter (and indeed book) − social cognition. That the general public display a thirst for social-cognitive knowledge is unsurprising. Social cognition, after all, is the medium through which our worlds are construed and actions initiated (Fiske, 1992; James, 1890). As Ostrom famously opined, “The field of social cognition reigns sovereign” (1984, p. 29). Unable to cut the mustard on our own, we thrive and succeed via communal living (Dunbar, 1993). The demands of such a lifestyle, however, are many. Sometimes our goals and objectives are achieved through mutual cooperation, other times by the manipulation and deception of conspecifics. Sometimes it is advantageous to raise one’s head above the parapet and show dissent, on other occasions to sit anonymously and go along with the crowd. Little wonder, therefore, that people are fascinated by the stuff of social cognition, the tactics and strategies that facilitate social interaction and how these are supported in the brain (e.g., Beer & Ochsner, 2006; Fiske, 1992; Mitchell, 2009). Underpinning current interest in social cognition is around 30 years of research and theorizing on the topic (see Fiske & Taylor, 1984; Hamilton, 1981; Macrae & Bodenhausen, 2000; Wyer & Srull, 1984). Our objective in the present chapter, thankfully, is not to review this enormous body of work, as such an undertaking would be impossible and decidedly soporific. Instead, our goal is to take a broad overview of social cognition and raise some issues and observations that have prompted us to pause for thought and reflection in the course of our own recent research. As a guiding route map, in the course of the current chapter we will touch upon: the nature, basis and function of social cognition; why action serves as the bedrock of social cognition; and how work in social cognition can be integrated with broader themes across the sciences. The views and opinions expressed in this chapter are entirely personal