Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phonon properties and thermal conductivity from first principles, lattice dynamics, and the Boltzmann transport equation

A computational framework for predicting phonon frequencies, group velocities, scattering rates, and the resulting lattice thermal conductivity is described. The underlying theory and implementation suggestions are also provided. By using input from first principles calculations and taking advantage of advances in computational power, this framework has enabled thermal conductivity predictions that agree with experimental measurements for diverse crystalline materials over a wide range of temperatures. Density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory calculations are first used to obtain the harmonic and cubic force constants. The harmonic force constants are the input to harmonic lattice dynamics calculations, which provide the phonon frequencies and eigenvectors. The harmonic properties and the cubic force constants are then used with perturbation theory and/or phenomenological models to determine intrinsic and extrinsic scattering rates. The full set of phonon properties is then used to solve the Boltzmann transport equation for the mode populations and thermal conductivity. The extension of the framework to include higher-order processes, capture finite temperature effects, and model alloys is described. A case study on silicon is presented that provides benchmarking and convergence data. Available packages that implement the framework are compared.A computational framework for predicting phonon frequencies, group velocities, scattering rates, and the resulting lattice thermal conductivity is described. The underlying theory and implementation suggestions are also provided. By using input from first principles calculations and taking advantage of advances in computational power, this framework has enabled thermal conductivity predictions that agree with experimental measurements for diverse crystalline materials over a wide range of temperatures. Density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory calculations are first used to obtain the harmonic and cubic force constants. The harmonic force constants are the input to harmonic lattice dynamics calculations, which provide the phonon frequencies and eigenvectors. The harmonic properties and the cubic force constants are then used with perturbation theory and/or phenomenological models to determine intrinsic and extrinsic scattering rates. The full set of phonon properties is then use.
The human-object divide in sexual objectification 1 RUNNING HEAD : The human-object divide in sexual objectification Resolving the human-object divide in sexual objectification : How we settle the categorization conflict when categorizing objectified and non-objectified human targets

Using a mouse tracking technique, we measured the strength and the temporal unfolding of the conflict when people categorize objectified and non-objectified human stimuli in the human or object category. We recorded participants’ hand movements when they categorized male and female, objectified and not objectified, human and doll-like stimuli in the person and object categories. As expected, objectified women created a stronger categorization conflict compared to all other human stimuli. The nature of the mouse trajectories indicated that this response competition was caused by the distractor (object category) rather than the target (person category) and showed to be smooth rather than abrupt suggesting dynamic competition between the object-human categories rather than the sequential unfolding of a dual process. These findings demonstrate that the human-object divide fades when women (but not men) are objectified. The implications of the current findings for theorizing on processes of sexual objectification are discussed.
Enhancement of the Medulla on MRI Characteristic Pattern of Edema and Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A

SUMMARY: Medullary edema with enhancement is rarely reported at initial MR imaging in intracranial dural arteriovenous ﬁstulas. We report a series of 5 patients with dural arteriovenous ﬁstulas, all of whom demonstrated a characteristic pattern of central medullary edema and medullary enhancement at initial MR imaging. Cognard type V dural arteriovenous ﬁstula, deﬁned by drainage into the perimedullary veins and the veins surrounding the brain stem, is a rare yet well-described pathologic entity. Even more rarely reported, however, is its clinical presentation with predominantly bulbar symptoms and MR imaging ﬁndings of central medullary edema with enhancement. This constellation of ﬁndings frequently leads to a convoluted clinical picture, prompting work-up for alternative disease processes and delaying diagnosis. Because an expedited diagnosis is critical in preventing poor outcomes, it is paramount to make the referring physician and neuroradiologist more cognizant of this rare-yet-characteristic imaging manifestation of dural arteriovenous ﬁstula.
Scale invariance in finite Reynolds number homogeneous isotropic turbulence

The problem of homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) is revisited within the analytical framework of the Navier–Stokes equations, with a view to assessing rigorously the consequences of the scale invariance (an exact property of the Navier–Stokes equations) for any Reynolds number. The analytical development, which is independent of the 1941 (K41) and 1962 (K62) theories of Kolmogorov for HIT for infinitely large Reynolds number, is applied to the transport equations for the second- and third-order moments of the longitudinal velocity increment, $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}u)$ . Once the normalised equations and the constraints required for complying with the scale-invariance property of the equations are presented, results derived from these equations and constraints are discussed and compared with measurements. It is found that the fluid viscosity, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ , and the mean kinetic energy dissipation rate, $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$ (the overbar denotes spatial and/or temporal averaging), are the only scaling parameters that make the equations scale-invariant. The analysis further leads to expressions for the distributions of the skewness and the flatness factor of $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}u)$ and shows that these distributions must exhibit plateaus (of different magnitudes) in the dissipative and inertial ranges, as the Taylor microscale Reynolds number $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ increases indefinitely. Also, the skewness and flatness factor of the longitudinal velocity derivative become constant as $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ increases; this is supported by experimental data. Further, the analysis, backed up by experimental evidence, shows that, beyond the dissipative range, the behaviour of $\overline{(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}u)^{n}}$ with $n=2$ , 3 and 4 cannot be represented by a power law of the form $r^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{n}}$ when the Reynolds number is finite. It is shown that only when $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\rightarrow \infty$ can an $n$ -thirds law (i.e. $\overline{(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}u)^{n}}\sim r^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{n}}$ , with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{n}=n/3$ ) emerge, which is consistent with the onset of a scaling range.
Mirror, Mirror On The Wall

Purpose - Drawing on social psychology theory, this paper identifies and analyses the perceptions of accounting and accountants held by accountants themselves. Design/methodology/approach - Individual perception data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with accountants from the corporate, public practice and the not-for-profit sectors, along with ‘Chartered Accountants’ who no longer work as accountants. Findings - While there was significant variation in these accountants’ perceptions of accounting which reflected the diversity of duties they performed, there appeared to be a common link in terms of the compliance-based focus and repetitive nature of an accountant’s work. These findings suggest that the targets of the accounting stereotype may contribute to the stereotype formation and maintenance. Research Limitations - There are a small number of participants in this study and this limits the ability to generalise the findings. Practical Implications - These findings have important implications for the profession in how it communicates or promotes the role of the accountant in the 21 st century. Failure to respond may result in the recruitment of future accountants who lack the skills and capabilities required of accounting and, the loss of work to other business professionals. Originality/Value - This study responds to criticism that little is known about how and why the accounting stereotype is formed and how the stereotype target (the accountant) may contribute to the perceptions people have of accounting.
Acute effect of induced fatigue on passing ability in elite U-19 soccer players

: Increased fatigue may be observed during a soccer match, with a reduction of the high intensity activities owing to physical demands. These actions lead to a decline in players’ performance. The aim of the study was to analyze the acute effects of induced fatigue on passing ability in elite U-19 soccer players. Twenty-three elite U-19 soccer players (17.9 ± 0.7 years; weight 69.7 ± 8.1 kg; height 177.2 ± 7.6 cm) performed the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT) to evaluate passing ability: control, dribbling, accuracy and decision making. Repeated sprint ability (RSA) was used to induce fatigue, 12 x 30 m sprints followed by 30 s recovery time. Heart rate (HR), Borg’s rating of perceived exertion (RPE), time in 5 m and 30 m, sprint decrement (S dec ) and the fatigue index (FI) was collected. Student's t test was applied to compare the difference between pre-test and post-test. Differences were interpreted using Cohen’s d effect size. Fatigue led to a significant increase in the number of penalties in the LSPT ( p < 0.001; d = 0.54) and in total time to perform the test ( p = 0.001; d = 0.37). Of the different types of error, passing accuracy was the ability that declined most ( p = 0.010 d = 0.72). Ball control was also affected, but to a lesser extent ( p = 0.030; d = 0.39). The results shown that passing ability was affected by fatigue in elite U-19 soccer players. This study provides detailed information for football coaches and physical trainers on the effects of fatigue on passing ability, describing the decline in performance of this specific ability in soccer.
University of Birmingham Achievement goals, competition appraisals, and the psychological and emotional welfare of sport participants

Grounded in the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework (Elliot & McGregor, 2001), a model was tested examining the hypothesized relationships between approach and avoidance (mastery and performance) goals, challenge and threat appraisals of sport competition, and positive and negative indices of well-being (i.e., self-esteem, positive, and negative affect). A further aim was to determine the degree to which the cognitive appraisals mediated the relationship between the four achievement goals and the indicators of athletes’ welfare. Finally, measurement and structural invariance was tested with respect to gender in the hypothesized model. An alternative model was also estimated specifying self-esteem as an ante-cedent of the four goals and cognitive appraisals. Four hundred and twenty-four team sport participants ( M age = 24.25) responded to a multisection questionnaire. Structural equation modeling analyses provided support for the hypothesized model only. Challenge and threat appraisals partially mediated the relationships observed between mastery-based goals and the well-being indicators. Lastly, the hypothesized model was found to be invariant across gender.
Toward Unified Controllable Text Generation via Regular Expression Instruction

Controllable text generation is a fundamental aspect of natural language generation, with numerous methods proposed for different constraint types. However, these approaches often require significant architectural or decoding modifications, making them challenging to apply to additional constraints or resolve different constraint combinations. To address this, our paper introduces Regular Expression Instruction (REI), which utilizes an instruction-based mechanism to fully exploit regular expressions' advantages to uniformly model diverse constraints. Specifically, our REI supports all popular fine-grained controllable generation constraints, i.e., lexical, positional, and length, as well as their complex combinations, via regular expression-style instructions. Our method only requires fine-tuning on medium-scale language models or few-shot, in-context learning on large language models, and requires no further adjustment when applied to various constraint combinations. Experiments demonstrate that our straightforward approach yields high success rates and adaptability to various constraints while maintaining competitiveness in automatic metrics and outperforming most previous baselines.
Linear and Non-linear (Non-)Forecastability of High-frequency Exchange Rates

This paper forecasts Daily Sterling exchange rate returns using various naive, linear and non-linear univariate time-series models. The accuracy of the forecasts is evaluated using mean squared error and sign prediction criteria. These show only a very modest improvement over forecasts generated by a random walk model. The Pesaran‐Timmerman test and a comparison with forecasts generated artificially shows that even the best models have no evidence of market timing ability.
FROM “PUBLISH OR PERISH” TO SOCIETAL IMPACT: FRAMING AND SERENDIPITY IN THE EMERGENCE OF A PLATFORM FOR RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION

Why would an academic research project turn into a platform for responsible innovation despite incentives to focus on publishing research papers? To address this puzzle, we draw on the case of Patient Innovation , a non-profit medical platform, focusing on innovations by patients and caretakers to find affordable solutions for rare and chronic diseases by creating a ‘knowledge commons’. Initially set up as a ‘research platform’ aimed at generating scientific publications, it turned into a ‘help-society platform’ to create a wider social impact, despite not initially targeting such a goal. Using a framing lens, we explore the role of moral emotions and serendipitous inspiration in the creation of this medical platform. We examine how the reframing towards socially responsible innovation occurred despite strong institutional pressure to focus on publishing scientific research. In doing so, we develop a model illustrating how interactional framing in situations lead actors to shift towards responsible innovation. We explain how actors frame and reframe situations in which they interact and transcend their immediate self-interests in order to serve collective interests.
Seismic evidence for magma in the vicinity of Mt

P-wave traveltime delays of as much as 0.9 sec are consistently observed at one seismic station from local and regional earthquakes 70 to 150 km deep. This station is on the southwest flank of Mt. Trident, the most recently active volcano within Katmai National Park, Alaska. Delays from local shallow earthquakes are typically less than 0.3 sec, suggesting that most of the major delay results from anomalous material at depths of more than a few kilometers. This station is located near the center of a bowlshaped low in the Bouguer gravity field that is approximately 15 km in diameter and more than 25 mgals deep. These anomalies suggest, but do not prove, the presence of considerable amounts of magma in the shallow part of the crust that could have been the source for all magma erupted in the vicinity of Mt. Katmai and Mt. Trident this century.
Board 10: Work in Progress: A Themed Problem-Learning Redesign of Bioinstrumentation Lectures

Xianglong Wang is an Assistant Professor of Teaching at University of California, Davis. He is interested in problem-based learning in bioinstrumentation courses, gender equity in teaching of machine learning, and student experience and retention in BME students. He won the Teaching Excellence award in Biomedical Engineering at UC Davis in 2023. Prior to joining UC Davis, Xianglong was an Assistant Professor (Teaching) at Washington State University during 2020-2022, winning the Reid Miller Teaching Excellence Award in 2022.
Effect of Node Position and Number of Stem Cutting on The Growth and Yield of ‘katuk’ (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.)

Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. ) has potential as a vagetable and medicinal plant. This study aimed to determine effect of node position and number of stem cuttings on the growth of katuk. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with two treatments arranged in split plots. The node position of stem cuttings as the main plot consists of top stem cutting (T, top – 8 nodes under shoot tip), middle stem cutting (M, 8 – 11 nodes under shoot tip) and bottom stem cutting (B, 16-20 nodes under shoot tip). The node number of stem cuttings as a subplot consists of 2 nodes (J1), 3 nodes (J2), 4 nodes (J3), and 5 nodes (J4). Each treatment combination was replicated three times.The results revealed that the top stem cutting resulted in the highest root, total plant dry weight and leaf area, as well stem cutting with 4 nodes produced the highest total plant dry weight and leaf area.
MANUFACTURING RISK-FREE GOVERNMENT DEBT

Governments face a trade-off between insuring bondholders and taxpayers. If the government fully insures bondholders by manufacturing risk-free debt, then it cannot also insure taxpayers against permanent macro-economic shocks over long horizons. Instead, taxpayers will pay more in taxes in bad times. Conversely, if the government fully insures taxpayers against adverse macro shocks, then the debt becomes risky; at least as risky as un-levered equity claim. Governments can only escape this trade-off if they enjoy a large and counter-cyclical convenience yield on their debt.
Too Low to Kill Concentration of the Secondary Metabolite Ranunculin in Buttercup Pollen does not Affect Bee Larval Survival

Growing evidence suggests that the freely accessible pollen of some plants is chemically protected against pollen-feeding flower visitors. For example, a diet of pollen from buttercup plants ( Ranunculus ) recently was shown to have a deleterious effect on developing larvae of several bee species not specialized on Ranunculus . Numerous Ranun-culus species contain ranunculin, the glucosyl hydrate form of the highly reactive and toxic lactone protoanemonin, that causes the toxicity of these plants. We tested whether the presence of ranunculin is responsible for the lethal effects of R. acris pollen on the larvae of two bee species that are not Ranunculus specialists. To investigate the effect on bee larval development, we added ranunculin to the pollen pro-visions of the Campanula specialist bee Chelostoma rapun-culi and the Asteraceae specialist bee Heriades truncorum, and allowed the larvae to feed on these provisions . We quantified ranunculin in pollen of R. acris and in brood cell provisions collected by the Ranunculus specialist bee Che-lostoma florisomne . We demonstrated that although ranun-culin was lethal to both tested bee species in high concentrations, the concentration in the pollen of R. acris was at least fourfold lower than that tolerated by the larvae of C. rapunculi and H. truncorum in the feeding experiments. Ranunculin concentration in the brood cells of C. florisomne was on average even twentyfold lower than that in Ranunculus pollen, suggesting that a mechanism different from ranunculin intoxication accounts for the larval mortality reported for bees not specialized on Ranunculus pollen.
Absolute and convective instabilities in electrohydrodynamic flow subjected to a Poiseuille flow: a linear analysis

We present a study of absolute and convective instabilities in electrohydrodynamic flow subjected to a Poiseuille flow (EHD-Poiseuille). The electric field is imposed on two infinite flat plates filled with a non-conducting dielectric fluid with unipolar ion injection. Mathematically, the dispersion relation of the linearised problem is studied based on the asymptotic response of an impulse disturbance imposed on the base EHD-Poiseuille flow. Transverse, longitudinal and oblique rolls are investigated to identify the saddle point satisfying the pinching condition in the corresponding complex wavenumber space. It is found that when the ratio of Coulomb force to viscous force increases, the transverse rolls can transit from convective instability to absolute instability. The ratio of hydrodynamic mobility to electric mobility, which exerts negligible effect on the linear stability criterion when the cross-flow is small, has significant influence on the convective–absolute instability transition, especially when the ratio is small. As we change the value of the mobility ratio, a saddle point shift phenomenon occurs in the case of transverse rolls. The unstable longitudinal rolls are convectively unstable as long as there is a cross-flow, a result which is deduced from a one-mode Galerkin approximation. Longitudinal rolls have a larger growth rate than transverse rolls except for a small cross-flow. Finally, regarding the oblique rolls, a numerical search for the saddle point simultaneously in the complex streamwise and transverse wavenumber spaces always yields an absolute transverse wavenumber of zero, implying that oblique rolls give way to transverse rolls when the flow is unstable.
Effect of various hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive methods on the vaginalmilieu -A narrative review

Globally the use of modern contraceptive methods has risen to 851 million. Use of these contraceptive methods does influence the vaginal health, which in turn affects the susceptibility towards acquiring RTI/STI. Methods to assess the vaginal health have also evolved over decades. The objective of this narrative review is to assess the influence of contraceptive methods on the vaginal health and also evaluate the methods used to assess the vaginal milieu. Suitable articles published in literature from 2007-2020 were identified from PubMed, Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Hormonal contraceptives included were combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP), Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)and Levonorgestrel IUCD(LNG-IUS). Non hormonal methods included were barrier methods, copper IUCD, diaphragm and vaginal sponge. Outcome parameter recorded were Nugent score, vaginal pH, bacterial vaginosis or defined microbiome profile. COCP have been shown to protect the vaginal ecosystem primarily due to their oestrogen component. The use of IUCD causes initial dysbiosis chiefly due to associated irregular bleeding but long term use of LNG IUS stabilizes the microbiome. Use of injectable DMPA though does not increase the susceptibility to HIV but can promote growth of anaerobic organisms. Literature regarding condom, diaphragm and sponge is very scanty to draw a meaningful conclusion. Hence contraceptive methods can affect the vaginal health. There is need to periodically assess the vaginal milieu using test which is appropriate as per available expertise, infrastructure and cost and treat vaginal dysbiosis in respective cohorts to prevent reproductive morbidity.