Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attributable risk of Capillaria species in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) [Risco atribuível de espécies Capillaria em pombos domésticos (Columba livia domestica)]

Fecal samples were collected from 120 domestic pigeons to determine the Attributable risk of Capillaria spp. The Capillaria spp. was observed in 64 out of 120 (51%) pigeons (70 males and 50 females) under this study. A total of 64 (39 males and 25 females) were found naturally infected with Capillaria spp. with infection percentage of 51% and 50% in males and females respectively. Qualitative examinations include the direct microscopy and faecal floatation while quantitative examination includes McMaster technique (worms load was calculated per gram of the faeces). Month wise Attributable risk showed that eggs of the worms were found to be abundant in the month of July during the present study (60% to 73%) because of high humidity. Very high and very low temperature is not suitable for the proper development of the eggs. Qualitative and quantitative examination revealed that Capillaria spp. was more prevalent in males (51%) than females (50%) but overall there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the male and female because both individuals invest equal amount of energy in search of food and incubating the eggs. Different breeds of pigeons gave different Attributable risk in different months during the study. Groups of pigeons from different locations showed different variable Attributable risk. Areas with high humidity were more suitable for the development of eggs, which is the reason why higher Attributable risk was observed in Shahdara (75%) area of Lahore, Pakistan.
Combinatorics of Exceptional Sequences in Type A

Exceptional sequences are certain sequences of quiver representations. We introduce a class of objects called strand diagrams and use these to classify exceptional sequences of representations of a quiver whose underlying graph is a type $\mathbb{A}_n$ Dynkin diagram. We also use variations of these objects to classify $c$-matrices of such quivers, to interpret exceptional sequences as linear extensions of explicitly constructed posets, and to give a simple bijection between exceptional sequences and certain saturated chains in the lattice of noncrossing partitions.
econstor Make Your Publications Visible . A Service of zbw

This paper presents evidence that the spread between the marginal product of capital and the return on nancial assets is much higher in poor than in rich countries. A model with costly intermediation is developed. In this economy, individuals choose at each instant whether to work or to operate a technology. Entrepreneurs nance their business with their own savings and, if necessary, by borrowing from banks. I nd that in this framework intermediation costs are not equivalent to a tax on the return of capital. The equivalence fails because costly intermediation not only a ects the capital accumulation decision but also the occupational choice decision. I show that intermediation costs have important e ects on per capita output and average business size in the economy. I conclude that taxing nancial intermediaries can be a very bad policy for development. I am very grateful to Edward C. Prescott for his continuous criticism and encouragement. I have also bene ted from comments made by an anonymous referee, Fernando Alvarez, Ricardo Cavalcanti, Luisa Fuster, Tom Holmes, Tim Kehoe, Diego Restuccia, Richard Rogerson and participants at the Macro Workshop of the University of Minnesota. Financial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship (no. DD-568) is gratefully acknowledged. All errors are mine.
Fear of childbirth’ and ways of coping for pregnant women and their partners during the birthing process: a salutogenic analysis

Aim. To explore ‘fear of childbirth’ and its impact on birth choices among women and their partners in Northern Ireland. Background. Despite a growing interest in other countries, research on the impact of childbirth-related fear on the experience of birth and on birth choices for anxious couples within the UK is limited. Method. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 women and 19 men between November 2009 and September 2010. Analysis. Thematic content analysis of the interviews was carried out within the sense of coherence (SOC) theoretical framework (Antonovsky, 1987). Findings. Three concepts underlying fear of childbirth were found, namely: ‘riskiness’, ‘ways of coping’, and ‘being a good parent’, which related to the comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness dimensions of SOC. Almost all of the women and men in this study (89%) expressed a desire to have a normal birth, but most of the participants (86%) appraised vaginal birth as risky. All the women feared the pain of childbirth and more than half (68%) feared they would not be able to achieve a normal birth, or that the baby would be injured during the birth process (58%). The most common fears for men were that their partner’s mental health would suffer as a result of a traumatic birth (74%), that they would be unable to provide adequate support during labour (58%) and that their partner or baby would be injured as a result of the birth (47%). Most of the women and their partners (73%) identified medical interventions, such as early induction of labour, electronic fetal monitoring, epidural and planned caesarean section (CS), as resources to help ensure a safe birth. Four participants (11%) identified midwifery support as a resource to help them cope with birth. Conclusions. Fearful parents choose medical interventions in birth as a means to cope with the uncertainties of birth and ensure a safe transition to parenthood. To promote normality in childbearing and reduce medical intervention in birth, midwives need to be more proactive in offering credible alternatives.
Study the Effect of Imposing Surfactants Toward The Evaporation of Low Molecular Weight Alcohol

In this paper, Reversed-Flow Gas Chromatography (RF-GC) is utilized to investigate the evaporation of low molecular weight alcohol. Evaporation rates as well as the diffusion rates of methanol are determined with a surfactant monolayer on the surface of the liquid; while nitrogen acts as carrier gas, at 313 K. The precision (>99.9%) and accuracy of this investigation demonstrates the potential of current methodologies for environmental impact studies; this is further verified when the results are compared with the available literature. The varying evaporation rates of methanol in the presence of varying amounts of Triton X-100 reflects that application of surfactants do damper the evaporation rates of liquid pollutants; without interference with the former’s diffusion coefficients. High amounts of Triton X-100 are required for retardation of evaporation rates, suggesting the formation of a densely packed surface monolayer or the formation of an insoluble monolayer.
Old age is associated with increased surgical drain output after lumbar surgery for degenerative disease

Employing a drain or not always put surgeons in a dilemma. Few studies have evaluated the associated factors of surgical drains after lumbar posterior decompression and instrumented fusion. The aim of this study was to record the characteristics of postoperative drain output, and tried to identify possible risk factors that are independently associated with it. From January 2014 to March 2017, patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion were included in our study. All patients underwent singleor multiple-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). The volume of drain output was measured. Variable were collected from demographic data, lab test and surgical information. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were used to detect factors associated with greater drain output. Besides, correlations between the potential variables and volume of drain output were also analyzed. A total of 429 patients were included in this study. Patients with drain output greater than 240 ml drain output were ascribed to case group, and other patients were in control group. The operative time was not correlated with volume of drain output (r = 0.471; P = 0.29), but age was positively correlated with postoperative drain output (r = 0.269; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that age ≥ 55 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.860; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.164-6.847) and multiple levels fused (OR, 1.359; 95% CI, 1.680-6.432) were two significant independent factors that are associated with greater drain output after lumbar spine surgery (P < 0.05). The present analysis demonstrated that age and number of levels are two factors that are associated with volume of postoperative drain output. Patients with these factors should be informed of the possibility of increased drain output, and routine blood test should be performed after surgery in case of the incidence of low hemoglobin.
Observations of nitric oxide in the Antarctic middle atmosphere during recurrent geomagnetic storms

We report ground‐based measurements of the polar middle atmosphere made using a 230–250 GHz passive microwave radiometer deployed at Troll station (72°01′S 02°32′E, L shell of L = 4.8), Antarctica. Our observations show enhanced mesospheric nitric oxide (NO) volume mixing ratio (VMR) during a series of small recurrent geomagnetic storms in the 2008 austral winter, reaching 1.2 ppmv on day 200 (18 July). The Lomb normalized periodogram of the NO VMR time series averaged over 65‐80 km for days 130 to 220 of 2008 (9 May to 7 August) shows a peak exceeding the 95% confidence limit at 25.8 days, close to the synodic rotation period for low‐latitude solar coronal holes. The highest correlations between the radiometer NO VMR data and trapped and quasi‐trapped electron count rates for L = 3.5‐5.5 from the Polar Orbiting Environment Satellites 90° telescope are for the >30 keV (90e1) channel (rmax = 0.56, lag time of 5.1 days) and >100 keV (90e2) channel (rmax = 0.57, lag time of 4.4 days). Maximum correlation between NO VMR and the >700 keV (90P6) channel data is lower but lag times are close to zero. Superposed epoch analyses for the eight most significant geomagnetic storm periods and three Carrington rotations (2070‐2072) within the 90 day observation period indicate that significant NO abundance observed at 65‐80 km in the Antarctic mesosphere may be produced directly by >200 keV electron precipitation or originate from a source at higher altitudes, e.g., production by >30 keV electrons followed by downward transport.
When a Single Man Wants to Be a Father: Revealing the Invisible Subjects in the Law Regulating Fertility Treatment

This article takes the example of single men who wish to become single fathers, using surrogacy, as a case study to examine the nature of legal subjectivity and the process by which persons acquire social visibility through legal mechanisms. The article investigates the notion of the absent subjects in law and examines the ways in which single men have been rendered invisible in the area of assisted reproduction. It investigates the emergence of legal subjectivity through the acquisition of rights in the context of fertility treatment. In this respect, it analyses the recent jurisprudence of the English courts and the changes in the human rights law that helped construct single men as subjects of law. The article proposes the concept of (in)visibilization for a number of reasons. It allows us to observe and examine the slow and contingent emergence of legal subjectivity in law. It illuminates ways, in which aspects of the critique of human rights as an inadequate vehicle of social inclusion can be overcome. In both respects, the concept of (in)visibilization provides a diction, in which we can analyse legally relevant experiences, which have not yet crossed the threshold into the formal system of law.
Second Career Teachers: Perceptions of Self-Efficacy in the First Year of Teaching

Background: In Singapore, one in four in the teaching profession is a second career teacher. Unlike the past, individuals considering teaching today have more career options. On average, since 2008, 35% of the newly recruited teachers have at least one year of working experience. The Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) is looking to attract more second career professionals to join the teaching profession. Aim: To examine second career teachers’ perception of their self-efficacy in the first year of teaching in a school in Singapore. Sample: The five second career teachers reported in this paper were involved in a larger study that examined how new teachers, both first and second career teachers, were socialised into teaching in Singapore and their perceptions of their selfefficacy in the first year of teaching. Method: The data are collected primarily through interviews. The teachers are also asked to plot their self-efficacy over a period of eleven months. The analysis of the data is performed using thematic analysis. Conclusion: The findings suggest that their perceptions of their self-efficacy are influenced by the academic performance of their students, particularly if they have not expected their students to do as well as they have done. Their perceptions of their selfefficacy are also influenced by their perceptions of how they performed in comparison to the more experienced teachers teaching the same subject in the same level. They are found to rate their self-efficacy more favourably when their classes outperformed their experienced colleagues’. Their perceptions of how well they do in relation to other new teachers also have an effect on their sense of self-efficacy. Gaining the respect and approval of their students also improve how they perceive their self-efficacy.
Experimental demonstration of non-line-of-sight visible light communication with different reflecting materials using a GaN-based micro-LED and modified IEEE 802.11ac

This paper gives an experimental demonstration of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) visible light communication (VLC) using a single 80 μm gallium nitride (GaN) based micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED). This device shows a 3-dB electrical-to-optical modulation bandwidth of 92.7 MHz. IEEE 802.11ac modulation scheme with 80 MHz bandwidth, as an entry level of the fifth generation of Wi-Fi, was employed to use the micro-LED bandwidth efficiently. These practical techniques were successfully utilized to achieve a demonstration of line-of-sight (LOS) VLC at a speed of 433 Mbps and a bit error rate (BER) of 10−5 with a free space transmit distance 3.6 m. Besides this, we demonstrated directed NLOS VLC links based on mirror reflections with a data rate of 433 Mbps and a BER of 10−4. For non-directed NLOS VLC using a print paper as the reflection material, 16 QAM, 195 Mbps data rate, and a BER of 10−5 were achieved.This paper gives an experimental demonstration of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) visible light communication (VLC) using a single 80 μm gallium nitride (GaN) based micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED). This device shows a 3-dB electrical-to-optical modulation bandwidth of 92.7 MHz. IEEE 802.11ac modulation scheme with 80 MHz bandwidth, as an entry level of the fifth generation of Wi-Fi, was employed to use the micro-LED bandwidth efficiently. These practical techniques were successfully utilized to achieve a demonstration of line-of-sight (LOS) VLC at a speed of 433 Mbps and a bit error rate (BER) of 10−5 with a free space transmit distance 3.6 m. Besides this, we demonstrated directed NLOS VLC links based on mirror reflections with a data rate of 433 Mbps and a BER of 10−4. For non-directed NLOS VLC using a print paper as the reflection material, 16 QAM, 195 Mbps data rate, and a BER of 10−5 were achieved.
Mass spectra and wave functions of the doubly heavy baryons with JP=1+ heavy diquark cores

Mass spectra and wave functions of the doubly heavy baryons are computed assuming that the two heavy quarks inside a baryon form a compact heavy ‘diquark core’ in a color anti-triplet, and bind with the remaining light quark into a colorless baryon. The two reduced two-body problems are described by the relativistic Bethe-Salpeter equations (BSEs) with the relevant QCD inspired kernels. We focus on the doubly heavy baryons with \begin{document}$1^+$\end{document} heavy diquark cores. After solving BSEs in the instantaneous approximation, we present the mass spectra and the relativistic wave functions of the diquark cores, and of the low-lying baryon states \begin{document}$J^P=\frac{1}{2}^+$\end{document} and \begin{document}$\frac{3}{2}^+$\end{document} with flavors \begin{document}$(ccq)$\end{document} , \begin{document}$(bcq)$\end{document} and \begin{document}$(bbq)$\end{document} . A comparison with other approaches is also made.
Experimental evidence of nanometer-scale confinement of plasmonic eigenmodes responsible for hot spots in random metallic films

We report on the identification and nanometer scale characterization over a large energy range of random, disorder-driven, surface plasmons in silver semicontinuous films embedded in silicon nitride. By performing spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy experiments, we experimentally demonstrate that these plasmons eigenmodes arise when the films become fractal, leading to the emergence of strong electrical fields (``hot spots'') localized over few nanometers. We show that disorder-driven surface plasmons strongly depart from those usually found in nanoparticles, being strongly confined and randomly and densely distributed in space and energy. Beyond that, we show that they have no obvious relation with the local morphology of the films, in stark contrast with surface plasmon eigenmodes of nanoparticles.
On the asphericity of nova remnants caused by rotating white dwarf envelopes

The effect of rotating white dwarf envelopes in determining the structure of nova shells is examined. This is achieved by numerical hydrodynamic simulations of the flows around a binary star system. In previous studies of remnant formation, this rotation has not been included. It is found that the structures formed in the flow are more consistent with observations of nova shells than the previous theoretical studies. The shells produced by the nova become more prolate with increasing white dwarf envelope rotation. Hence the rotation of white dwarf envelopes must be included in any future discussion of remnant formation. A possible method of identifying the dominant process by which mixing of accreted and white dwarf matter takes place is suggested.
Models for diameter and height growth of Scots pine, Norway spruce and pubescent birch in drained peatland sites in Finland

The aim of this study was to develop individual-tree diameter and height growth models for Scots pine, Norway spruce, and pubescent birch growing in drained peatlands in Finland. Trees growing in peatland sites have growth patterns that deviate from that of trees growing in mineral soil sites. Five-year growth was explained by tree diameter, different tree and stand level competition measures, management operations and site characteristics. The drainage status of the site was influencing growth directly or in interaction with other variables. Site quality had a direct impact but was also commonly related to current site drainage status (need for ditch maintenance). Recent thinning increased growth of all species and former PK fertilization increased growth of pine and birch. Temperature sum was a significant predictor in all models and altitude for spruce and birch. The data were a subsample of the 7th National Forest Inventory (NFI) sample plots representing northern and southern Finland and followed by repeated measurements for 15–20 yrs. Growth levels predicted by the models were calibrated using NFI11 data to remove bias originating from the sample of the modelling data. The mixed linear models technique was used in model estimation. The models will be incorporated into the MOTTI stand simulator to replace the current peatlands growth models.
The impact of using electronic tax register on Value added tax compliance in Kenya: A case Study of classified Hotels in Nairobi

The main objective of the tax reforms and modernization program embarked on by Kenya was to enhance compliance with tax regulations. This would be achieved through tax policies aimed at ensuring effectiveness of tax mechanism and increase in revenue. One measure the government took was to introduce electronic tax registers across all industries. This research intended to establish the impact of Electronic Tax Registers on VAT compliance among classified hotels in Nairobi. The objectives of the study were to determine the impact of Electronic Tax Registers on VAT compliance among classified hotels in Nairobi and to identify factors affecting VAT compliance among classified hotels in Nairobi. This study adopted the survey research design which was most appropriate as it entailed gathering of both primary and secondary data from classified hotels in Nairobi. The population consisted of all classified hotels, which were registered for VAT from year 2004 to 2008. The research study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through selfadministered questionnaires. The research findings indicated that there was an increase in VAT declared with the introduction of Electronic Tax Registers. ETR machines can then be deemed to enhance VAT collection resulting from more accurate VAT reporting. It can be concluded that the classified hotels have adopted and complied with the requirements of VAT. The study recommends that the tax office should therefore strive to ensure full adoption of the ETR machines since they increase the VAT declared.
Condition C and Epistemic Contexts : A case Study of Epithets and Anti-logophoric Pronouns in French

Epithets and pronominals 'en' and 'y' in French have a variety of Binding properties that are unexpected on conventional approach to Binding Theory. We argue that the linguistic variety observed cross-linguistically (and perhaps, more surprinsingly, within a single language) - derives from the morphological properties of the anaphoric element - which we claim lack number features. Epithets and pronominal like 'en' and 'y' are predicates modifying null but semantically active nouns, and must theefore refer to the Speaker. These properties, we claim, explain why these elements must be employed in what we define as an Epistemic Context, and are subject to Condition C of Binding Theory
Interaction of Hsp104 with Hsp70: Insight into the Mechanism of Protein Disaggregation

Hsp104 and ClpB are hexameric ATPases that resolubilize aggregated proteins in collaboration with the Hsp70 chaperone system. Hsp104/ClpB functionally interact only with their respective Hsp70 system and this specificity is mapped to the Hsp104/ClpB coiled-coil domain (CCD). We hypothesize that the interaction between Hsp70 and Hsp104/ClpB CCD stimulates nucleotide exchange and release of substrate from Hsp70. In the current study, the CCDs of E. coli ClpB and S. cerevisiae Hsp104 have been purified. Isolated domains are monomeric and well folded. They inhibit refolding of aggregated firefly luciferase in a species-specific manner. We found that the ATPase activity of E. coli DnaK is stimulated at low concentrations of the E. coli ClpB CCD but not by yeast Hsp104 CCD. However, in another bacterial system (Thermus thermophilus) we found that the ClpB CCD inhibits The ATPase activity of DnaK suggesting that the interaction may have different consequences in distinct chaperone networks.