Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A space and time-eﬃcient index for the compacted colored de Bruijn graph

We present a novel data structure for representing and indexing the compacted colored de Bruijn graph, which allows for eﬃcient pattern matching and retrieval of the reference information associated with each k-mer. As the popularity of the de Bruijn graph as an index has increased over the past few years, so have the number of proposed representations of this structure. Existing structures typically fall into two categories; those that are hashing-based and provide very fast access to the underlying k-mer information, and those that are space-frugal and provide asymptotically eﬃcient but practically slower pattern search. Our representation achieves a compromise between these two extremes. By building upon minimum perfect hashing, carefully organizing our data structure, and making use of succinct representations where applicable, our data structure provides practically fast k-mer lookup while greatly reducing the space compared to traditional hashing-based implementations. Further, we describe a sampling scheme built on the same underlying representation, which provides the ability to trade oﬀ k-mer query speed for a reduction in the de Bruijn graph index size. We believe this representation strikes a desirable balance between speed and space usage, and it will allow for fast search on large reference sequences. Puﬀerﬁsh is developed in C++ 11 , is open source (GPL v 3 ), and is available at https://github. com/COMBINE-lab/puﬀerﬁsh . The scripts used to generate the results in this manuscript are available at https://github.com/COMBINE-lab/puﬀerﬁsh_experiments .
Using an Automated Segmentation Method Cerebellar Atrophy in Essential Tremor

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Essential tremor (ET) is a slowly progressive disorder characterized by postural and kinetic tremors most commonly affecting the forearms and hands. Several lines of evidence from physiologic and neuroimaging studies point toward a major role of the cerebellum in this disease. Recently, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) has been proposed to quantify cerebellar atrophy in ET. However, VBM was not originally designed to study subcortical structures, and the complicated anatomy of the cerebellum may hamper the automatic processing of VBM. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and utility of using automated subcortical segmentation to identify atrophy of the cerebellum and other subcortical structures in patients with ET. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a recently developed automated volumetric method (FreeSurfer) to quantify subcortical atrophy in ET by comparing results obtained with this method with those provided by previous evidence . The study included T1-weighted MR images of 46 patients with ET grouped into those having arm ET ( n (cid:1) 27, a-ET) or head ET ( n (cid:1) 19, h-ET) and 28 healthy controls. RESULTS: Results revealed the expected reduction of cerebellar volume in patients with h-ET with respect to healthy controls after controlling for intracranial volume. No significant difference was detected in any other subcortical area. CONCLUSIONS: Volumetric data obtained with automated segmentation of subcortical and cerebellar structures approximate data from a previous study based on VBM. The current findings extend the literature by providing initial validation for using fully automated segmentation to derive cerebellar volumetric information from patients with ET.
Stock price reaction to profit warnings: The role of time-varying risk

This study investigates the role of time-varying betas, event-induced variance and conditional heteroskedasticity in the estimation of abnormal returns around important news announcements. Our analysis is based on the stock price reaction to profit warnings issued by a sample of firms listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEx). The standard event study methodology indicates the presence of price reversal patterns following both positive and negative warnings. However, incorporating time-varying betas, event-induced variance and conditional heteroskedasticity in the modelling process results in post-negative-warning price patterns that are consistent with the predictions of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). These adjustments also cause the statistical significance of some post-positive-warning cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) to disappear and their magnitude to drop to an extent that minor transaction costs would eliminate the profitability of the contrarian strategy.
Water Quality Characteristics of Oyan Lake, Ogun State, Nigeria

: A limnological study to determine the water quality of Oyan Lake, Ogun State, Nigeria was carried out between April 2007 and March 2008 at the dam site. Standard methods were used to monitor the physico-chemical parameters. The physico-chemical parameters investigated are water temperature, pH, alkalinity, conductivity (physical), hardness, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD) (chemical), total dissolved solid, total suspended solid, total solid (solute content), chloride concentration, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium (ionic concentration), lead and zinc (heavy metals). Following results obtained, Ranges and means of each physico-chemical parameters measured were water temperature 23.23 to 28.87°C (mean 26.28°C); pH 5.80 to 8.01 (7.04); alkalinity, 4.17 to 20.0mg/l (mean 8.92mg/l); hardness, 29.33 to 86.67mg/l (mean 51.92mg/l); conductivity 50.0 to 100. 0µs/cm (66.39µs/cm); dissolved oxygen concentration 5.43 to 8.03mg/l (6.96mg/l); biological oxygen demand 4.04 to 6.87mg/l (5.08mg/l); total dissolved solid 0.37 to 1.47mg/l (0.65mg/l); total suspended solid 0.13 to 0.73mg/l (0.27mg/l); totalsolid 0.53 to 1.73mg/l (0.93mg/l); calcium 25.33 to54.67mg/l (31.06mg/l); magnesium 4.00 to 38.67mg/l (24.03mg/l);sodium 3.00 to 6.00mg/l (4.44mg/l); potassium 1.00 to2.33mg/l (1.64mg/l); lead 0.01 to 1.33mg/l (0.30mg/l); zinc 0.02 to 0.61mg/l (0.20mg/l). Further result shows that there were marked seasonal variations in the physico-chemical characteristics of the lake and these were observed to be influenced by the volume of water available per time. The result obtained indicates that at point of significance (P<0.05) temperature had a negative but strong relationship with BOD; conductivity also had negative relationship with BOD, sodium and potassium; magnesium had negative but weak relationship with total solid (TS); TDS and sodium also had negative relationship with potassium. The physico-chemical recorded throughout the period of study was in conformity with recommended values for tropical waters expect for alkalinity and hardness, which fell below the recommended values. Oyan Lake is therefore confirmed as containing water of acceptable quality and quantity to be suitable for municipal, acquacultural, agricultural and industrial purposes.
Bottom‐up rather than top‐down mechanisms determine mesocarnivore interactions in Norway

Abstract Interactions among coexisting mesocarnivores can be influenced by different factors such as the presence of large carnivores, land‐use, environmental productivity, or human disturbance. Disentangling the relative importance of bottom‐up and top‐down processes can be challenging, but it is important for biodiversity conservation and wildlife management. The aim of this study was to assess how the interactions among mesocarnivores (red fox Vulpes vulpes, badger Meles meles, and pine marten Martes martes) were affected by large carnivores (Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and wolf Canis lupus), land cover variables (proportion of agricultural land and primary productivity), and human disturbance, as well as how these top‐down and bottom‐up mechanisms were influenced by season. We analyzed 3 years (2018–2020) of camera trapping observations from Norway and used structural equation models to assess hypothesized networks of causal relationships. Our results showed that land cover variables were more strongly associated with mesocarnivore detection rates than large carnivores in Norway. This might be caused by a combination of low density of large carnivores in an unproductive ecosystem with strong seasonality. Additionally, detection rates of all mesocarnivores showed positive associations among each other, which were stronger in winter. The prevalence of positive interactions among predators might indicate a tendency to use the same areas and resources combined with weak interference competition. Alternatively, it might indicate some kind of facilitative relationship among species. Human disturbance had contrasting effects for different species, benefiting the larger mesocarnivores (red fox and badger) probably through food subsidization, but negatively affecting apex predators (wolf and lynx) and smaller mesocarnivores (pine marten). In a human‐dominated world, this highlights the importance of including anthropogenic influences in the study of species interactions.
Detecting Syntactic Change with Pre-trained Transformer Models

We investigate the ability of Transformer-based language models to find syntactic differences between the English of the early 1800s and that of the late 1900s. First, we show that a fine-tuned BERT model can distinguish between text from these two periods using syntactic information only; to show this, we employ a strategy to hide semantic information from the text. Second, we make further use of fine-tuned BERT models to identify specific instances of syntactic change and specific words for which a new part of speech was introduced. To do this, we employ a part-of-speech (POS) tag-ger and use it to train corpora-specific taggers based only on BERT representations pretrained on different corpora. Notably, our methods of identifying specific candidates for syntactic change avoid using any automatic POS tagger on old text, where its performance may be unreliable; instead, our methods only use untagged old text together with tagged modern text. We examine samples and distributional properties of the model output to validate automatically identified cases of syntactic change. Finally, we use our techniques to confirm the historical rise of the progressive construction, a known example of syntactic change.
The Effects of Step Versus Jump Forward Lunge Exercise Training on Muscle Architecture among Recreational Badminton Players

: Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of relationship between muscle architecture and performance and how training could alter the architecture of muscles. Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine and compare the effects of step versus jump forward lunge training on muscle architecture among badminton players. Materials and Methods: Thirty recreationally active badminton players (mean age = 22.07 ± 1.39years old) volunteered to participate and were divided into three groups; i) jump forward lunge (JFL), ii) step forward lunge (SFL) and iii) control group (CG). Muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length of vastuslateralis (VL), vastusmedialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) were tested pre-and post-training intervention. Results : Results showed both treatment groups (SFL and JFL) had their muscle architectures significantly changed in the post-test compared to the pre-test. JFL had significantly greater improvement in muscle thickness of VL, VM and RF and also pennation angle of VM compared to SFL. Conclusion : Overall, JFL was found to be superior in altering muscle architectures of the lower body compared to SFL training.
Help Me Focus On My Studies: Academic Cynicism, Stress And Self-Efficacy As Predictors Of Academic Performance Through Self-Regulation

Academic cynicism and stress put students' thinking and learning processes at risk and have a negative impact on their academic performance. The purpose of the current study was to ascertain how students' perceptions of their academic self-efficacy get affected by their academic stress and academic cynicism. The study also investigated the mediating effects of self-regulation in connecting academic self-efficacy with academic performance. The sample for the present study was comprised of 384 students that was selected from both private and public universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Data was gathered online using four self-report measures designed to assess students’ level of cynicism, self-efficacy, stress and self-regulation and for the assessment of academic performance CGPA records were utilized. The data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS-22. The findings of the study showed that academic stress and cynicism negatively predicts academic self-efficacy which in turn adversely affects the academic performance of students. The results also ensured that self-regulation mediates partially the association of self-efficacy beliefs and academic performance. With these findings it is clear that students’ cynical attitude and stress negatively affect their self-efficacy beliefs and academic grades but high self-regulation skills help them to improve their academic performance. The present study has various implications in educational, health and social aspects of students’ life.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: Improving Cardiac Resuscitation Outcomes Both Inside and Outside the Hospital

—The "2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care" increased the focus on methods to ensure that high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed in all resuscitation attempts. There are 5 critical components of high-quality CPR: minimize interruptions in chest compressions, provide compressions of adequate rate and depth, avoid leaning between compressions, and avoid excessive ventilation. Although it is clear that high-quality CPR is the primary component in influencing survival from cardiac arrest, there is considerable variation in monitoring, implementation, and quality improvement. As such, CPR quality varies widely between systems and locations. Victims often do not receive high-quality CPR because of provider ambiguity in prioritization of resuscitative efforts during an arrest. This ambiguity also impedes the development of optimal systems of care to increase survival from cardiac arrest. This consensus statement addresses the following key areas of CPR quality for the trained rescuer: metrics of CPR performance; monitoring, feedback, and integration of the patient’s response to CPR; team-level logistics to ensure performance of high-quality CPR; and continuous quality improvement on provider, team, and systems levels. Clear definitions of metrics and methods to consistently deliver and improve the quality of CPR will narrow the gap between resuscitation science and the victims, both in and out of the hospital, and lay the foundation for further improvements in the future. ( Circulation . 2013;128:417-435.)
Evaluating Institutional Ownership and Financial Performance of Industrial Goods Sector in Nigeria

valuating institutional ownership in companies is important to ascertain E their effect on the financial performance of companies in Nigeria. Most studies made were conducted abroad and this research filled the gap by investigating companies in the industrial sector of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The objective of the study was to evaluate ownership structure and its effect on the financial performance of the industrial sector in Nigeria and the hypothesis of the study was that institutional shareholding has no effect on financial performance of industrial sector in Nigeria. The scope of the study was ten years from 2011 to 2015 and secondary data was used for the research. A multiple regression equation was formulated with return on assets as the dependent variable and institutional investors and number of employees as the independent variables. STATA was used to analyse the data. The results revealed that institutional shareholding had no effect on financial performance and employees had a significant effect on financial performance of companies in Nigeria. It was recommended that there should be more presence of institutional shareholding in companies in Nigeria.
Evaluation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 in the vein wall of males with varicocele.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate potential differences in the presence of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) between the vein walls of patients with varicocele and those of healthy individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study comprised a total of 40 participants, divided into two groups. The control group (Group 1) consisted of 20 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery, while the varicocele group (Group 2) included 20 patients scheduled for varicocelectomy. The cytoplasmic and nuclear staining patterns of TGF-β1 immunohistochemistry were assessed in tissue samples under light microscopy, identifying any differences in TGF-β1 presence between varicocele patient vein walls and normal (saphenous) veins. RESULTS The varicocele group demonstrated lower nuclear and cytoplasmic TGF-β1 staining rates compared to the control group. After controlling for the independent factor of age, significantly lower nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was still observed in the varicocele group. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first of its kind to compare TGF-β1 staining in the vein walls of varicocele patients and healthy individuals. Previous studies focusing on varicose veins reported elevated TGF-β1 expression. Contrarily, our study observed lower TGF-β1 expression in varicocele patient veins, marking a unique contribution to the field.
HABITAT PREFERENCE MODELS FOR NESTING EAGLE OWLS BUBO BUBO: HOW MUCH CAN BE INFERRED FROM CHANGES WITH SPATIAL SCALE?

SUMMARY. —Habitat preference models for nesting Eagle Owls Bubo bubo: How much can be inferred from changes with spatial scale? Aims: To analyze whether habitat preference patterns of the Eagle Owl Bubo bubo change with spatial scale in an area of very high rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus density as compared to an area of lower prey availability (Martinez et al., 2003a). Location: An area of over 2,100 km 2 located in the province of Toledo, central Spain. Methods: 17 habitat variables were measured around 100 nests that were occupied between 1999 and 2003 and around 100 random points at four spatial scales (circular areas of 250, 500, 1000 and 1,500 m of radius). The range of spatial scales was established on the basis of the observed high density of Eagle Owl nests in the study area, the second highest reported to date. Habitat features of occupied and random areas were compared by means of logistic regressions for each spatial scale. The possible effect of the spatial autocorrelation was assessed using as additional predictors all the terms of a cubic equation defined by the coordinates of the sampling points. Results: Topographic irregularity and distance to the nearest stream were included into the models at all scales as the main predictors of the presence of Eagle Owl nests, classifying a high percentage of both random and occupied points. Percent correct classification of the models did not change across scales. Positive selection of areas with irregular topography and close to streams can be interpreted as due either to a choice of protected areas for nest location and/or of areas with high prey availability. At the 500 meters of radius scale the model included marginally the positive selection of areas with high covers of dehesa, a variable that may be interpreted in the same way that the selection for the two main predictors. Two terms (X and Y
FERTILIZATION OF TROPICAL SOILS: SILICON AVAILABILITY AND RECOVERY

SUMMARY Sugarcane is considered a Si-accumulating plant, but in Brazil, where several soil types are used for cultivation, there is little information about silicon (Si) fertilization. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the silicon availability, uptake and recovery index of Si from the applied silicate on tropical soils with and without silicate fertilization, in three crops. The experiments in pots (100 L) were performed with specific Si rates (0, 185, 370 and 555 kg ha -1 Si), three soils (Quartzipsamment-Q, 6 % clay; Rhodic Hapludox-RH, 22 % clay; and Rhodic Acrudox-RA, 68 % clay), with four replications. The silicon source was Ca-Mg silicate. The same Ca and Mg quantities were applied to all pots, with lime and/or MgCl 2, when necessary. Sugarcane was harvested in the plant cane and first-and second-ratoon crops. The silicon rates increased soil Si availability and Si uptake by sugarcane and had a strong residual effect. The contents of soluble Si were reduced by harvesting and increased with silicate application in the following decreasing order: Q>RH>RA. The silicate rates promoted an increase in soluble Si-acetic acid at harvest for all crops and in all soils, except RA. The amounts of Si-CaCl 2 were not influenced by silicate in the ratoon crops. The plant Si uptake increased according to the Si rates and was highest in RA at all harvests. The recovery index of applied Si (RI) of sugarcane increased over time, and was highest in RA.
Optimal Prediction in Petroleum Geology by Regression and Classification Methods

Six methods are involved in this study: three regression methods are the regression of support vector machine (R-SVM), the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and the multiple regression analysis (MRA); and three classification methods are the classification of support vector machine (C-SVM), the naive Bayesian (NBAY), and the Bayesian successive discrimination (BAYSD). A proposed method optimization contains two rules: a) nonlinearity degree of a studied problem is defined by the residuals of MRA solution; and b) solution accuracy of a given method application is defined by the residuals of the method solution. Through eight case studies, this optimization is validated to be practical. Case studies 1 and 2 consist of both regression and classification problems, while Case studies 3~8 are classification problem. Since the regression problems of Case studies 1 and 2 have strong nonlinearity, R-SVM, BPNN and MRA are unavailable. However, since the classification problems of Case studies 1~8 have weak or moderate nonlinearity, SVM and BAYSD are available, whereas NBAY is sometimes available. Therefore, it concluded that: a) any of R-SVM, BPNN and MRA cannot be applied to any regression problems with strong nonlinearity, but C-SVM, NBAY or BAYSD could be applied if the problems are converted from regression to classification; and b) if a classification problem has weak or moderate nonlinearity, SVM and BAYSD are available, whereas NBAY is sometimes
in response to Xcv infection

: Bacterial spot (BS) disease of pepper, incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria 40 ( Xcv ), is one of the most serious diseases. For a comparative analysis of defense response to Xcv 41 infection, we performed a transcriptome analysis of BS -susceptible cultivar ECW and -resistant cultivar
Sustainable Corporate Social Responsibility Through Social Media In Relation To Electronic Word Of Mouth (E-WOM) And Consumer Loyalty: An Applied Study Of A Sample Of Banking Sector Customers In The Kingdom Of Bahrain

Most studies related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) through social media (S-CSR) focus on CSR initiatives and their types. The current study is interested in the recent perspective of integrating the two concepts of sustainability and CSR. This approach seeks to ensure the continuity of all CSR Communication so that it becomes an inseparable part of integrated marketing communication that seeks to influence consumer purchasing decisions. The study proceeds from the assumption that sustainable S-CSR can develop positive emotions among consumers, in the form of their brand admiration, which in turn affects their loyalty and their involvement in electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) marketing. The most significant results of this study reveal that the sustainable S-CSR initiatives of a sample of Bahraini banks have already affected consumers’ loyalty and E-WOM. In addition, both brand admiration and E-WOM mediate the relationship between sustainable S-CSR and customer loyalty.